gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo metabolic and antioxidative effects of sulphoraphane derived from broccoli in water- and ethanol drinking rats (2010)

Sulphoraphane (SF) is isothiocyanate that is present naturally in widely consumed vegetables and has been shown to block the formation of many kinds of tumors. The effect of sulphoraphane, administered intragastrically (10 mg/kg) once a day for 2 weeks, on some metabolic and antioxidative parameters in water- and ethanol-drinking (10% ethanol solution) rats was investigated. Its protective effect was previously observed, but its influence on metabolic changes has not been yet characterised. Our trial confirmed antioxidative properties of sulphoraphane by limited generation of lipid peroxidation and enhanced functional capacity of detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST). SF in water-drinking rats caused a decrease in malondialdehyde (TBARS) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, whereas glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was augmented significantly. However, we observed unfavourable interaction between sulphoraphane and ethanol, where antioxidative properties of SF were abolished in ethanol-drinking rats. The present trial was the first attempt to determinate the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism changes after SF administration in both aforementioned conditions. We found that SF perse caused insulinaemia, steatosis as well as beneficial HDL-cholesterolaemia and serum triacylglycerols drop. Under ethanol treatment we noted the following disturbances: increased triacylglycerols and drop of glycogen and TBARS content in the liver. Such characteristics unfavourably elevated liver level of triacylglycerols was not mitigated by sulphoraphane. The other ethanol disturbances were normalized by SF. In our trial we noted clear interaction between sulphoraphane and ethanol. Liver glycogen decrease caused by ethanol and serum insulin increment due to sulphoraphane ingestion was normalized by their interaction. Serum triacylglycerols and HDL-cholesterol changes caused by SF per se were maintained also after sulphoraphane treatment in the ethanol-receiving rats. However, after their interaction, the content of triacylglycerols in the liver did not increase strongly in spite of significant increment during their individual action. The results obtained demonstrate that SF exerts an influence on insulin level as well as lipid metabolism. Only insulin or glycogen disturbance caused by sole SF or ethanol was normalized during their interaction. SF does not attenuate ethanol steatosis. Additionally, our trial showed that the confirmed antioxidative properties of SF were abolished in the presence of ethanol.
Identification of Blue-Light Photoresponse Genes in Oyster Mushroom Mycelia (2010)

Using the characteristics of light-emitting diodes, we studied the effects of light quality, light intensity, and repeated light-dark cycles on the growth of oyster mushroom mycelia. Blue-light stimulation suppressed growth in oyster mushroom mycelia, and this effect was remarkably dependent on light intensity. Random amplified polymorphic DNA differential display analysis enabled the identification for the first time of 15 upregulated and 13 downregulated genes induced by blue-light stimulation. On the basis of a homologous search using BLASTX and the Interpro database, the transcription products were analyzed to identify the putative proteins. In addition, by real-time PCR analysis, the time courses of the expression levels of eight of the genes identified were found to include intrinsic induction time.
Large Scale Synthesis of 2′-Amino-LNA Thymine and 5-Methylcytosine Nucleosides (2012)

Thymine intermediate 17 has been synthesized on a multigram scale (50 g, 70 mmol) from starting sugar 1 in 15 steps in an overall yield of 73%, with only 5 purification steps. The key thymine intermediate 18 was obtained from 17 in a single step in 96% yield, whereas the key 5-methylcytosine intermediate 20 was obtained from 17 in 2 steps in 58% yield. This highly efficient large scale route necessitates only 2 and 3 novel steps to obtain N2'-functionalized thymine and 5-methylcytosine amino-LNA phosphoramidites from these key intermediates, respectively.
Oblique-incidence anisotropy in very thin Ni-Fe films (1999)

A study was made on the magnetic anisotropy in very thin Ni-Fe films of 10 nm or less sputtered at oblique-incidence. The anisotropy field H/sub k/'s of Ni-Fe films induced on Ta films by oblique-incidence was different from that on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ films and was reduced with an application of the RF substrate bias while the films were being formed. Hk's, at oblique-incidence, were dependent on the film structure. The difference in the chain structure of Ni-Fe films is considered to be the cause of difference in H/sub k/.
Multiple Encryption using ECC and its Time Complexity Analysis (2016)

Rapid growth of information technology in present era, secure communication, strong data encryption technique and trusted third party are considered to be major topics of study. Robust encryption algorithm development to secure sensitive data is of great significance among researchers at present. The conventional methods of encryption used as of today may not sufficient and therefore new ideas for the purpose are to be design, analyze and need to be fit into the existing system of security to provide protection of our data from unauthorized access. An effective encryption/ decryption algorithm design to enhance data security is a challenging task while computation, complexity, robustness etc. are concerned. The multiple encryption technique is a process of applying encryption over a single encryption process in a number of iteration. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is well known and well accepted cryptographic algorithm and used in many application as of today. In this paper, we discuss multiple encryptions and analyze the computation overhead in the process and study the feasibility of practical application. In the process we use ECC as a multiple-ECC algorithm and try to analyze degree of security, encryption/decryption computation time and complexity of the algorithm. Performance measure of the algorithm is evaluated by analyzing encryption time as well as decryption time in single ECC as well as multiple-ECC are compared with the help of various examples.
Three-dimensional recording by femtosecond pulses in dielectrics (2003)

Fabrication and characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) periodic structures, recorded in the bulk of SU8 photoresist film by multiple-beam interference is described. Multiple beams (up to nine) were generated by a diffractive beam splitter. Recording was performed by ultrashort laser pulses with temporal width of 140 fs (FVWM) and central wavelength of 800 nm, derived from a Ti:sapphire laser. Intensity-dependent photomodification of the photoresist was due to single-photon as well as multi-photon (two and three) absorption. After the development, the exposed resist films contained free-standing 2D and 3D periodic dielectric structures with unexposed exposed regions removed by the development. Detailed examination of the samples has revealed close resemblance between their structure and the light intensity distributions in the multiple-beam interference fields, expected from the numerical calculations. Quality of the samples recorded by a single-photon absorption was lower than that of other samples, in particular due to poor development quality. The microfabrication method used in this work appears to be a suitable for obtaining photonic crystal templates.
Time History Analysis of Circular and Rectangular Elevated Water Storage Tank using Baffle Wall (2019)

In the world, there are large number of storage tanks which are used as water and oil storage facilities. Elevated water tank is one of the most important structures in earthquake event. As known from very upsetting experiences, elevated water tanks were heavily damaged or collapsed during earthquake Hence different configurations of liquid storage tanks have been constructed. Water tanks are play an important role in municipal water supply and firefighting systems. Due to post earthquake useful desires, seismic safety of water tanks is most important. In the current study time history analysis of rectangular and circular elevated water storage tank were analyzed using SAP 2000 software. In this study the concrete baffle wall was used to reduce sloshing effect of the water tank. The tank responses such as maximum nodal displacement, base shear and result were compared for empty and full tank water fill condition. From IS 11682:1985provision when seismic loading is considered only two cases may be taken one is tank empty condition and other is tank full condition. Finally, study discloses the importance of suitable supporting baffle wall to remain withstand against heavy damages of circular and rectangular elevated water tanks during earthquake. As per IITK-GSDMA guidelines for seismic design of liquid storage tanks, hydrodynamic pressure for impulsive and convective mode was calculated.
Biological activity and immunological reactivity of human prolactin mutants. (1995)

We examined the biological activity and immunological reactivity of four mutants of human PRL. Two were mutants that changed the ability of human PRL to inhibit rat PRL storage when transfected into a rat pituitary cell line:mutations S34A and N31T. Two mutations were in regions of PRL that are highly conserved. One, des(3-11)-PRL, removed the N-terminal cystine loop that most PRLs, except those from certain fish, have, and no GHs have. The other, S90A, mutated a serine that is present in all PRLs but those from some fish and in all GHs. The immunological properties of des(3-11)-PRL were reduced 10-fold compared to those of wildtype human PRL in a RIA using NIH antihuman PRL-3, AFP C11580; the others were similar to those of wild-type PRL. The biological activity of des(3-11)-PRL was the most affected; activity was reduced about 8-fold compared to that of wild-type PRL in the Nb2 cell assay. The activities of the others were similar to that of the wild type. Serine 90 may be partially buried by loops connecting the alpha-helixes. The mutation of serine 90 did not affect the stability of the molecule in vitro, determined by comparing the red shift in tryptophan fluorescence that occurs with increasing concentrations of urea in S90A and wild-type PRL. The activity of S34A and N31T mutations indicates there is no correlation between biological activity and ability to affect storage. The N-terminal cystine loop may be conserved because it is needed for biological activity, but the conservation of serine 90 in GH and PRL must be determined by other properties, such as spacial requirements.
<title>Color, complex document segmentation and compression</title> (1997)

We propose a novel segmentation algorithm called SMART for color, complex documents. It decomposes a document image into 'binarizable' and 'non-binarizable' components. The segmentation procedure includes color transformation, halftone texture suppression, subdivision of the image into 8 by 8 blocks, classification of the 8 by 8 blocks as 'active' or 'inactive', formation of macroblocks from the active blocks, and classification of the macroblocks as binarizable or non-binarizable. The classification processes involve the DCT coefficients and a histogram analysis. SMART is compared to three well-known segmentation algorithms: CRLA, RXYC, and SPACE. SMART can handle image components of various shapes, multiple backgrounds of different gray levels, different relative grayness of text to this background, tilted image components, and text of different gray levels. To compress the segmented image, we apply JPEG<SUP>4</SUP> to the non-binarizable macroblocks and the Group 4 coding scheme to the binary image representing the binarizable macroblocks and to the bitmap storing the configuration of all macroblocks. Data about the representative gray values, the color information, and other descriptors of the binarizable macroblocks and the background regions are also sent to allow image reconstruction. The gain is using our compression algorithm over using JPEG for the whole image is significant. This gain increases as the proportion of the size of the subjects prefer the reconstructed images from our compression algorithm to those form the bitrate-matching JPEG images. In a series of test images, this document segmentation and compression system enables compression ratios two times to six times improved over standard methods.
Hydrothermalsynthese ausgewählter Zeolithe und ihre Charakterisierung durch Adsorption (2004)

Durch Alterung der Ausgangslösungen konnten sehr große Kristalle von Zeolith X (FAU) mit einer Kristallitgröße von 190 µm synthetisiert werden. Die Synthese der Zeolithe Ferrierit (FER) und Mordenit (MOR) ohne organische Template war Gegenstand weiterer Untersuchungen. Ferrierit konnte dabei mit nSi / nAl-Verhältnissen von 5,49 bis 8,24 hergestellt werden. Bei niedrigen nSi / nAl-Verhältnissen war die Gegenwart von Bayerit während der Synthese notwendig. Ersetzte man Kalium- durch Ammoniumionen, so konnte phasenreiner Zeolith ZSM-5 (MFI) erhalten werden. Eine Anhebung des Gesamtalkali-Gehaltes im Gel führte zu Zeolith Mordenit. Zeolith NU-87 (NES) wurde mit elementarem Aluminium innerhalb von 21 Tagen phasenrein hergestellt. Durch Verwendung dieses Produkts als Impfkristalle konnte die Kristallisationsdauer einer anderen Methode auf sechs Tage reduziert werden. Des Weiteren wurde die konkurrierende Adsorption von 2-Methylpentan, n-Hexan, 2,4-Dimethylpentan, 2,2,4-Trimethylpentan und n-Nonan untersucht. Durch Anwendung eines einfachen mathematischen Modells konnte der Kurvenverlauf angepasst werden. Die größten Beladungen wurden bei Zeolith Na-X erreicht. Bei der Adsorption an Zeolith Mordenit kam es nur zum Durchbruch, keines der Adsorbate wurde verdrängt. Bei den Zeolithen Na-EU-1 (EUO) und Na-NU-87 konnte das Adsorptionsverhalten der Mischungen sehr gut mit den unterschiedlichen Porenstrukturen erklärt werden. Die Messungen an Zeolith Na-ZSM-5 zeigten, dass die Adsorptive entsprechend dem Grad ihrer Verzweigung von n-Nonan verdrängt wurden. Isooktan fand keinen Zugang zum Porensystem. In den engen Poren des Zeolith Na-Ferrierit wurden nur noch die unverzweigten Moleküle in geringem Maße adsorbiert. Im Anschluss an die Adsorption wurde an den beladenen Proben temperaturprogrammierte Desorption durchgeführt. Durch Anwendung eines weiteren mathematischen Modells wurden die erhaltenen TPD-Kurven ebenfalls angepasst. Dies war sehr hilfreich bei der Interpretation der beobachteten Effekte.
Miniaturized dual-band ring bandpass filter with harmonic suppression and passband tunability (2011)

A novel miniaturized dual-band ring bandpass filter is presented in this paper. The miniaturization is accomplished by utilizing slow-wave synthesized microstrip lines, which are composed of quasi-lumped elements. The saw-toothed coupling structures are adopted to provide tight coupling at the input/output ports. The proposed filter shows an extraordinarily compact size with harmonic suppression up to the fourth harmonic frequency; the in-band response, on the other hand, is comparable to the previous designs. Benefitting from the nonlinear phase response of the synthesized lines around the cutoff frequency, the second passband can be adjusted in a simple and straightforward way. The essentials of the synthesized microstrip lines are discussed. The design methodology, circuit topology, and simulated and measured results of the miniaturized dual-band ring bandpass filter are investigated in detail.
Musikhören und Arbeiten im Einklang (2011)

Zusammenfassung Musik macht vieles leichter. Auch während geistiger Arbeit am Schreibtisch schätzen viele Menschen Musik, als ein Mittel zur Motivation und gegen das Gefühl des Alleinseins. Wenn die Musik allerdings zu viel Aufmerksamkeit bindet, kann dies die Konzentration stören. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Gestaltung eines Konzepts, das den Einklang von Musikhören und geistiger Arbeit unterstützt, indem es die Bindung von Aufmerksamkeit durch die Musik steuerbar macht und es so erlaubt, Musik an die kognitiven Anforderungen der Arbeitsaufgabe anzupassen. Im Vordergrund des Gestaltungsprozesses standen das zu erzeugende Erlebnis und die damit verbundenen Bedürfnisse der Nutzer. Die Interaktion und die formale Gestaltung wurden aus diesem Erlebnis abgeleitet.
The effect of an agglutogen on virus infection: biotinylated filamentous phages and avidin as a model (2002)

To address the effect of an agglutogen on virus infection, we studied the avidin-associated inhibition of infection by biotinylated M13 phages (BIO-phages). Microscopic observation of mixtures of BIO-phages and avidin-fluorescein conjugates revealed many aggregates. Even at low phage concentrations, avidin induced inhibition of infection significantly. Anti-M13 phage antibody also made aggregates and inhibited the infection but in a different manner from avidin. The inhibition by avidin was at > or = 2 microg/ml, time dependent and marked until 10 min after the mixing of the BIO-phages and Escherichia coli. On the other hand, antibody inhibited the infection at > or = 0.1 microg/ml dose dependently, and the inhibition was time dependent and marked until 45 min after the mixing at moderate and low phage concentrations. These results indicate that avidin against BIO-phages and antibodies are agglutogens, and the inhibition of the BIO-phages by avidin is closely related to the tetramerization of avidin. Agglutogens may be novel alternative antiviral drugs.
Design of customer credit evaluation system for e-business (2005)

A flexible customer credit evaluation system for e-business is proposed in This work, which provides an effective method of evaluating the credits of the customers by integrating various credit data sources. The evaluation result generated by the system is used as reference for the intelligent management of business. The architecture of the customer credit evaluation system is introduced in This work, together with the detailed description of the main parts of the system. Then a credit evaluation model designed for the e-business is presented, which is the kernel part of the system. The evaluation model is established on a criteria system, which consists of static credit criteria system and dynamic credit criteria system.
Microstrip Lines (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Transverse Electromagnetic Transmission Lines Striplines Microstrip Lines Other Topics
Electrospun Biomimic Nanofibrous Scaffolds of Silk Fibroin/Hyaluronic Acid for Tissue Engineering (2012)

This study aimed to fabricate nanofibrous scaffolds which could biomimic the natural extracellular matrix from aqueous solutions of silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid blends (SF/HA) by means of electrospinning. Scanning electronic microscopy results indicated that electrospun SF/HA nanofibers were ribbon-shaped and their average width obviously decreased with the increase of HA content. However, there is no fiber observed when the volume of HA further increased to 50% of overall volume. After being treated with 75% ethanol vapor for 24 h, the fibers still remained their fibrous morphologies and presented good capability of water-resistance. Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, (13)C-CP-MAS nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that HA did not induce SF conformation from random coil to β-sheet. SF conformation converted from random coil to β-sheet after being treated with 75% ethanol vapor. Cell viability studies demonstrated that SF/HA nanofibrous scaffolds significantly promoted cell proliferation. Electrospun SF/HA nanofibers may provide an ideal biomimic tissue-engineering scaffold or vehicle for water-soluble drugs.
Identification and Adaptive Control of Markov Chains (1982)

Consider a countable state controlled Markov chain whose transition probability is specified up to an unknown parameter $\alpha $ taking values in a compact metric space A. To each $\alpha $ is associated a prespecified stationary control law $\zeta (\alpha )$. The adaptive control law selects at each time t the control action $\zeta (\alpha _t ,x_t )$ where $x_t$ is the state and $\alpha_t$ is the maximum likelihood estimate of $\alpha $. The asymptotic behavior of this control scheme is investigated for the cases when the true parameter value $\alpha_0 $ does or does not belong to A, and for the case when $\zeta $ is chosen to minimize an average cost criterion. The analysis uses an appropriate extension of the notions of recurrence to nonstationary Markov chains.
Prüfung von Fahrzeugscheiben und Entwicklung neuer Prüfverfahren (1990)

Aus den vorangegangenen Vorträgen wissen Sie, daß es Anforderungen für die Fahrzeugscheiben gibt, die der Gesetzgeber bzw. von diesem beauftragte Institutionen festgelegt haben. Bei den Glasherstellern wird geprüft, daß die produzierten Scheiben die Anforderungen erfüllen. Glashersteller, die auf Qualität achten, führen diese Prüfungen mit entsprechender Sorgfalt durch.
Wavefront engineering from 500- to 100-nm CD (1997)

'Wavefront engineering' is the discipline of producing an exposure pattern, adequate for delineating resist at high yield, in spite of the limitations of the imaging technology. Although this discipline relies on century-old optical insights and despite decade-past experiments demonstrating dramatic improvements in resolution and process-window, this field has languished in comparison to traditional approaches, such as exposing with shorter wavelength radiation or larger numerical apertures. Further progress in NA and lambda will soon be limited by physical and materials considerations, necessitating other schemes for decreasing the critical dimensions (CDs) of volume-production devices. Today, with 193 nm systems delayed and non-optical approaches confronting infrastructure and economic barriers, the semiconductor industry is trying to adopt such wavefront engineering techniques as off-axis illumination (OAI), optical proximity correction (OPC) and phase-shifting masks (PSMs). CD/CAM methods similar to those applied to optimize lenses and chips now are being applied to optimize the exposure-dose pattern itself.
Promiscuity of clinical Plasmodium falciparum isolates for multiple adhesion molecules under flow conditions (1997)

The central pathologic process in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is the cytoadherence of parasitized erythrocytes to capillary and postcapillary venular endothelium, with resultant tissue hypoxia, metabolic disturbances, and multiorgan dysfunction. The molecular basis of this process has been studied extensively using static adhesion assays. In the present study, we determined whether infected red blood cells (IRBC) from clinical parasite isolates would roll and adhere on CD36, ICAM-1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and VCAM-1 using a laminar flow system that allowed for the direct visualization of IRBC-substratum interactions. The results indicate that IRBC could tether and roll on CD36, ICAM-1, P-selectin, and VCAM-1 in a shear-dependent fashion, but significant adhesion was restricted to CD36. There was no interaction with E-selectin. When both CD36 and ICAM-1 were expressed on the same cellular substratum such as C32 melanoma cells, adhesion was significantly greater than when CD36 was present alone. The adhesive interactions were different from those between leukocytes and the same adhesion molecules. Furthermore, IRBC rolling on P-selectin and VCAM-1 was not inhibitable by Abs that entirely prevented leukocyte-receptor interactions. These findings suggest that cytoadherence under physiologic conditions may be a multistep process similar to that involved in the recruitment of a number of different cell types. Further elucidation of the molecular basis of these novel interactions is crucial for the development of therapeutic interventions aimed at inhibiting or reversing the process.