gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a series of silk fibroin protein‐based nonwoven mats for use as an anti‐adhesion patch for wound management in robotic surgery (2017)

A novel anti-adhesion nonwoven mat mainly composed of silk fibroin protein (SFP) was fabricated via the single-spinneret electrospinning technique. A series of SFP-based electrospun nonwoven mats containing additives of different synthetic polymer ratios, such as pure SFP, SFP/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), SFP/polyethylene glycol (PEG), and SFP/polyethylene oxide (PEO) were produced and compared. All membranes were porous and had diameters of 324.02 ± 113.7, 308.86 ± 74.02, 366.22 ± 115.81, and 341.82 ± 119.42 nm, respectively. The average pore size for each membrane was 1.132 ± 0.99, 0.811 ± 0.424, 0.975 ± 0.741, and 0.784 ± 0.497 μm<sup>2</sup> . No nonwoven mats showed significant cytotoxicity toward fibroblast cells based on the results of MTT assays. Surprisingly, for all groups of SFP-based nonwoven mats, nitrate formation was reduced by up to 94.55 ± 14.50%, 92.16 ± 19.38%, 91.28 ± 28.375%, and 92.00 ± 12.64% in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages model. Tissue anti-adhesion potential was evaluated in an in vitro fibroblast cell adhesion model and in vivo wounded mice model. In vitro, the mean cell anti-adhesion percentage of fibroblast cells changed over time in the following order: PVA/SFP > SFP > PEG/SFP∼PEO/SFP. In vivo, SFP and PVA/SFP-treated groups both showed superior collagen regeneration and wound closure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 221-230, 2018.
Repair of Tympanic Membrane Perforations with Customized Bioprinted Ear Grafts Using Chinchilla Models (2017)

The goal of this work is to develop an innovative method that combines bioprinting and endoscopic imaging to repair tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs). TMPs are a serious health issue because they can lead to both conductive hearing loss and repeated otitis media. TMPs occur in 3-5% of cases after ear tube placement, as well as in cases of acute otitis media (the second most common infection in pediatrics), chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma, or as a result of barotrauma to the ear. About 55,000 tympanoplasties, the surgery performed to reconstruct TMPs, are performed every year, and the commonly used cartilage grafting technique has a success rate between 43% and 100%. This wide variability in successful tympanoplasty indicates that the current approach relies heavily on the skill of the surgeon to carve the shield graft into the shape of the TMP, which can be extremely difficult because of the perforation's irregular shape. To this end, we hypothesized that patient specific acellular grafts can be bioprinted to repair TMPs. In vitro data demonstrated that our approach resulted in excellent wound healing responses (e.g., cell invasion and proliferations) using our bioprinted gelatin methacrylate constructs. Based on these results, we then bioprinted customized acellular grafts to treat TMP based on endoscopic imaging of the perforation and demonstrated improved TMP healing in a chinchilla study. These ear graft techniques could transform clinical practice by eliminating the need for hand-carved grafts. To our knowledge, this is the first proof of concept of using bioprinting and endoscopic imaging to fabricate customized grafts to treat tissue perforations. This technology could be transferred to other medical pathologies and be used to rapidly scan internal organs such as intestines for microperforations, brain covering (Dura mater) for determination of sites of potential cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and vascular systems to determine arterial wall damage before aneurysm rupture in strokes.
Facilitated transport of CO<sub>2</sub> through novel imidazole-containing chitosan derivative/PES membranes (2015)

Here, a new imidazole alkyl derivative of chitosan (Im-CS) is synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectroscopy. This derivative was blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to fabricate newly integrally skinned PES membranes.
Beer and health: Preventive effects of beer components on lifestyle‐related diseases (2004)

It has been demonstrated that the light-to-moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages is associated with significant reductions in all-cause and particularly cardiovascular mortality. While the inverse association between red-wine consumption and cardiovascular risk is globally recognized as the French paradox, many epidemiological studies have concluded that beer and red wine are equally beneficial. Moderate alcohol intake improves lipoprotein metabolism and lowers cardiovascular mortality risk. The question now is whether additional health benefits associated with the non-alcohol components in beer may be expected. This article summarizes the results of the latest studies on the health benefits of beer while referring to our recent results, which demonstrate the preventive effects of beer and its components on lifestyle-related diseases. A series of studies using animal models have shown that beer may prevent carcinogenesis and osteoporosis; beer provides plasma with significant protection from oxidative stress; and isohumulones, the bitter substances derived from hops, may prevent and improve obesity and type-2 diabetes, improve lipid metabolism, and suppress atherosclerosis. Further studies are needed to clarify the components in addition to isohumulones that are responsible for these beneficial effects of beer, and the underlying mechanisms must be addressed.
Phosphorus Loss in Agricultural Drainage: Historical Perspective and Current Research (1998)

Abstract The importance of P originating from agricultural sources to the nonpoint source pollution of surface waters has been an environmental issue for decades because of the well‐known role of P in eutrophication. Most previous research and nonpoint source control efforts have emphasized P losses by surface erosion and runoff because of the relative immobility of P in soils. Consequently, P leaching and losses of P via subsurface runoff have rarely been considered important pathways for the movement of agricultural P to surface waters. However, there are situations where environmentally significant export of P in agricultural drainage has occurred (e.g., deep sandy soils, high organic matter soils, or soils with high soil P concentrations from long‐term overfertilization and/or excessive use of organic wastes). In this paper we review research on P leaching and export in subsurface runoff and present overviews of ongoing research in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the USA (Delaware), the midwestem USA (Indiana), and eastern Canada (Quebec). Our objectives are to illustrate the importance of agricultural drainage to nonpoint source pollution of surface waters and to emphasize the need for soil and water conservation practices that can minimize P losses in subsurface runoff.
Production of the Monamycins, Novel Depsipeptide Antibiotics (1970)

Methods are described for the production of the monamycins by Streptomyces jamaicensis in shake flasks and jar fermentors. The effects on the fermentation of variations in pH, temperature, medium composition, volume of inoculum, and strain of the organism are discussed. The methods employed for the extraction and for the microbiological assay of the antibiotics are outlined.
Phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations on the variability of cuticular surface micromorphology within one species, Aphodius (Nialus) varians Duftschmid (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) (1994)

Phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations on the variability of cuticular surface micromorphology within one species, Aphodius (Nialus) varians Duftschmid (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) -The polygonal microreticulation of the cuticular surface found in most Insecta and "Myriapoda", in some Crustacea and even in the Loricifera is considered the basic cuticular surface pattern for all arthropodal, i.e. chitinous cuticulae for morphogenetic reasons.It is based on the economic close packing pattern of epidermal cells.The reticulation can be modified to an alveolate pattern by buckling the polygon surfaces possibly caused by the non-tensed epidermis during the deposition of the epicuticula.The elytra of different specimens of Aphodius (Nialus) varians Duftschmid (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) show the reticulate pattern, the alveolate pattern and many transitional forms.Hence, the surface microsculpture is not constant within one species.Considering morphological and ecological results, the extreme alveolate form, Aphodius (Nialus) venyigei Endrödi, is downgraded to a morph of A. varians.Additionally, the first record of Aphodius (Melinopterus) reyi Reitter for Greece is given.
New covalent bonded polymer–calcium silicate hydrate composites (2006)

New covalent bonded polymer–calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) composites were prepared. For this purpose, two sets of hydrosoluble copolymers, both containing trialkoxysilane (T-silane) and/or methyldialkoxysilane (D-silane) functions, were synthesized. The addition of these polymers during the synthesis of C–S–H by the sol–gel method allowed us to obtain hybrid materials. The influence of different synthesis parameters, such as the silane content and the nature of the silane functions grafted to the polymer backbone, was studied. Characterisation of the composite materials by thermogravimetry and elemental analysis showed that chemical interaction of polymers and C–S–H is due only to the presence of T-silane functions. 29Si CP MAS NMR analysis confirmed the existence of covalent linkages between the inorganic silicate chains of the C–S–H crystallites and the T-silane functions. The specific incorporation of these new classes of silane-modified polymers in C–S–H structure may be successfully used in the preparation of new polymer–cement composites with reinforced mechanical properties.
Expression of I2PP2A, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A, induces c-Jun and AP-1 activity (1999)

Transient expression of I2PP2A, a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), in HEK-293 cells increased the concentration and DNA binding of the proto-oncogene c-Jun. In contrast, expression of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2AC) markedly decreased the concentration and DNA binding of c-Jun. Expression of I2PP2A also increased the transcriptional activity of activator protein-1, and this effect was diminished in a dose-dependent manner by expression of PP2AC. Densitometric analysis following Western blotting of extracts with antibodies specific for phospho-Ser63 and Ser73 suggests that the effects of I2PP2A and PP2AC expression might be mediated, in part, by changes in the phosphorylation of c-Jun at Ser63. The results indicate that I2PP2A elicits effects that are consistent with it acting as an inhibitor of PP2A in intact cells, and suggest that PP2A might exhibit site selectivity with respect to c-Jun phosphorylation.
Hydrogen therapy: from mechanism to cerebral diseases (2016)

The medicinal value of hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) was ignored prior to research illustrating that inhalation of 2% H<sub>2</sub> can significantly decrease the damage of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion caused by oxidative stress <i>via</i> selective elimination of hydroxyl freebase (OH) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-). Subsequently, there have been numerous experiments on H<sub>2</sub>. Most research and trials involving the mechanisms underlying H<sub>2</sub> therapy show the effects of antioxygenation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Among quantities of diseases related with H<sub>2</sub> therapy, the brain disease is a hotspot as brain tissue and cell damage are easier to be induced by oxidative stress and other stimulations. In this review, emphasis is on stroke, traumatic brain injuries, and degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Taking into account the blood-brain barrier, penetrability, possible side effects, and the molecular properties of H<sub>2</sub> within a single comprehensive review should contribute to advancing both clinical and non-clinical research and therapies. A systematic introduction of H<sub>2</sub> therapy with regards to mechanisms and cerebral diseases both in animal and human subjects can make it easier to comprehend H<sub>2</sub> therapy and therefore provide the basis for further clinical strategy.
High Temperature Circular Position Sensor Based on a Giant Magnetoresistance Nanogranular&lt;tex&gt;$hbox Ag_rm x$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;tex&gt;$hbox Co_1-rm x$&lt;/tex&gt;Alloy (2004)

A new circular position sensor based on giant magnetoresistances has been developed. The sensing film is an AgCo nanogranular thin film patterned in a circular Wheatstone bridge configuration. This alloy shows a high magnetoresistance (8%) at room temperature within the field generated by an NdFeB permanent magnet that provides a sensitivity of 440 /spl mu/V/V/(/spl deg/). The operational temperature range of this sensor is -40/spl deg/C/+120/spl deg/C, although the magnetic film tolerates higher temperatures up to 200/spl deg/C. These parameters and the contactless way of sensing make this device appropriate for automotive applications. The developed sensor presents excellent characteristics for life, since it is not sensitive to pollution; it is frictionless and does not present any type of electrical noise generated by contacts.
Highly Enhanced Sensing Properties for ZnO Nanoparticle-Decorated Round-Edged α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Hexahedrons (2015)

ZnO/α-Fe2O3 composites built from plenty of ZnO nanoparticles decorated on the surfaces of uniform round-edged α-Fe2O3 hexahedrons were successfully prepared via a facile solvothermal method. Various techniques were employed to obtain the crystalline and morphological characterization of the as-prepared samples. In addition, a comparative sensing performance investigation between the two kinds of sensing materials clearly demonstrated that the sensing properties of ZnO/α-Fe2O3 composites were substantially enhanced compared with those of the single α-Fe2O3 component, which manifest the superiority of the ZnO decoration as we expected. For instance, the response of ZnO/α-Fe2O3 composites to 100 ppm acetone is ∼30, which is ∼3.15-fold higher than that of primary α-Fe2O3 hexahedrons. The synergetic effect is believed to be the source of the improvement of gas-sensing properties.
Atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate by copper(I)‐pyridine‐2‐carboximidate catalysts (2004)

Abstract Pyridine‐2‐carboximidates [methyl ( 1a ), ethyl ( 1b ), isopropyl ( 1c ), cyclopentyl ( 1d ), cyclohexyl ( 1e ), n ‐octyl ( 1f ), and benzyl ( 1g )] were prepared from the reaction of 2‐cyanopyridine with the corresponding alcohols. Cyclopentyl‐substituted 1d was found to be a highly effective ligand for copper‐catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA). For example, the observed rate constant for a CuBr/ 1d catalytic system was found to be nearly twice as high as the cyclohexyl‐substituted CuBr/ 1e catalytic system [ k obs = (1.19 vs 0.56) × 10 −4 s −1 ). The effects of the solvents, temperature, catalyst/initiator, and solvent/monomer ratio on the ATRP of MMA were studied systematically for the CuBr/ 1d catalytic system. The optimum condition for the ATRP of MMA was found to be a 1:2:1:400 [CuBr] o /[ 1d ] o /[ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate] o /[MMA] o ratio at 60 °C in veratrole solution, which yielded well‐defined poly(MMA) with a narrow molecular weight distribution of 1.14. The catalytically active copper complex 2d was isolated from the reaction of CuBr with 1d . Narrow molecular weight distributions as low as 1.06 were achieved for the CuBr/ 1d catalytic system by employing 10% of the deactivator CuBr 2 . © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2747–2755, 2004
Efficacious Anticancer Drug Delivery Mediated by a pH‐Sensitive Self‐Assembly of a Conserved Tripeptide Derived from Tyrosine Kinase NGF Receptor (2013)

We present herein a short tripeptide sequence (Lys-Phe-Gly or KFG) that is situated in the juxtamembrane region of the tyrosine kinase nerve growth factor (Trk NGF) receptors. KFG self-assembles in water and shows a reversible and concentration-dependent switching of nanostructures from nanospheres (vesicles) to nanotubes, as evidenced by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The morphology change was associated with a transition in the secondary structure. The tripeptide vesicles have inner aqueous compartments and are stable at pH 7.4 but rupture rapidly at pH≈6. The pH-sensitive response of the vesicles was exploited for the delivery of a chemotherapeutic anticancer drug, doxorubicin, which resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity for both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells. Efficient intracellular release of the drug was confirmed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and confocal microscopy.
Inelastic electron scattering spectrometer (1975)

The design and construction of an inelastic electron scattering spectrometer for the study of electronic excitations of solids is described. The spectrometer features high beam energy (300 keV) and fine energy loss resolution (&lt;0.1 eV). Energy loss spectra in the range 0–1000 eV may be measured with momentum transfer from 0 to 2 Å−1.
A testability analysis method for register-transfer level descriptions (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new testability analysis method for Register-Transfer Level (RTL) descriptions. The proposed method is based on the idea of testability analysis in terms of data-flow and control structure which can be extracted from RTL designs. We analyze testability of RTL descriptions with more testability measures than those of conventional gate-level testability, so that the method provides information for design for testability (DFT). We have implemented the presented method and experimental results show that we can reduce circuit cost for test and achieve highly testable circuits by DFT using our RTL testability analysis.
In vivo anti-nuclear antibodies in epithelial biopsies in SLE and other connective tissue diseases. (1979)

In vivo anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) was observed by direct immunofluorescence microscopy in epithelial cell nuclei in forty-four biopsies from thirty-three patients. The tissue containing the ANA was macroscopically normal in twenty-seven patients. The thirty-three patients with in vivo biopsy ANA included twenty-three with SLE, three with mixed connective tissue disease, two each with multi-system Sjögren's syndrome, dermatomyositis, and progressive systemic sclerosis, and one with rheumatoid arthritis. Features of sicca syndrome were noted in seventeen patients. The patterns of the in vivo biopsy ANA in the thirty-three patients were speckled (21), homogeneous (6), nodular (2), and both speckled and homogeneous (4). Complement was not detected in the epithelial cell nuclei. Immunoglobulin(s) and/or complement were deposited along the dermoepidermal junction in thirty-two of the forty-four biopsies, and in dermal blood vessels in twenty-two biopsies. Each patient had serum ANA against rat liver substrate; twenty-seven had high titre ANA (1 in 1000 or greater). Elevated levels of DNA-binding were found in twenty patients (61%), but the level of DNA-binding did not correlate with the intensity of in vitro biopsy ANA staining. Serum antibody to ribonucleoprotein (RNP) was present in eight of the twenty-three patients tested (35%), all eight patients having clinical features of sicca syndrome. Hypocomplementaemia was found in thirteen patients (40%), all of whom had active SLE. In vivo biopsy ANA appears to be a real phenomenon of unknown aetiology, and not an artifact, which is found in some patients with active multisystem autoimmune disease, especially SLE.
Effect of Nerve Growth Factor on Catecholamine Metabolism in a Human Neuroblastoma Clone (SY5Y) (1982)

The neuroblastoma line SK-N-SH-SY5Y (SY5Y) is a thrice subcloned nearly diploid clonal line of human origin. When grown in 15% fetal calf serum in Ham's F-12 medium as herein described, SY5Y has neuroblast-like properties in its undifferentiated state. Treatment with nerve growth factor results in morphological and physiological differentiation not unlike that elicited by nerve growth factor in sympathetic ganglia primary cultures. Careful examination of catecholamine synthesizing enzyme specific activities and catecholamine concentrations in nerve growth factor-treated SY5Y cells showed a small elevation of tyrosine hydroxylase, no change in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase or in dopamine or norepinephrine intracellular concentrations. This is consistent with the interpretation that nerve growth factor acts as a permissive or trophic factor, and not necessarily as an instructive or specifying factor in this system.
Display of Glucose Distributions by Date, Time of Day, and Day of Week: New and Improved Methods (2009)

Use of stacked bar charts is generally superior to use of pie charts for display of glucose distributions and can potentially facilitate the analysis and interpretation of SMBG and CGM data.
Development of microthermophotovoltaic system (2002)

A power microelectromechanical concept, a microthermophotovoltaic system, is described in this work. The system uses hydrogen as fuel and is capable of delivering 4.5 W of electrical power to a microcombustor 0.1 cm3 in volume. It does not involve any moving parts. Its fabrication and assembly are relatively easy. As a result, it can be more commonly used in commercial electronics and microdevices.
Thermal sensor design for 3D ICs (2012)

Thermal measurement and management is crucial in three dimensional integrated circuits (3DICs) technology because increasing temperature stress is one of the main challenges due to high power density. Because of the physical adjacency and use of Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) as thermal exchangers between the stacked layers, the thermal profiles of the layers are highly correlated with each other. Any planar hotspot in a layer in a 3DIC is converted to a volumetric spatial hotspot. Run time thermal management in 3DICs requires proper monitoring and measurement of these spatial hotspots inside the chip. Having spatial hotspots and high thermal correlation between layers is a motivation for designing 3D thermal sensors. A new ring oscillator based 3D thermal sensor is proposed in this paper. Use of this sensor will reduce total number of needed sensors to monitor a typical whole 3DIC by 48% with same reading error in comparison with use of conventional 2D sensors.
Biomechanics of Trabecular Bone (2001)

Trabecular bone is a complex material with substantial heterogeneity. Its elastic and strength properties vary widely across anatomic sites, and with aging and disease. Although these properties depend very much on density, the role of architecture and tissue material properties remain uncertain. It is interesting that the strains at which the bone fails are almost independent of density. Current work addresses the underlying structure-function relations for such behavior, as well as more complex mechanical behavior, such as multiaxial loading, time-dependent failure, and damage accumulation. A unique tool for studying such behavior is the microstructural class of finite element models, particularly the "high-resolution" models. It is expected that with continued progress in this field, substantial insight will be gained into such important problems as osteoporosis, bone fracture, bone remodeling, and design/analysis of bone-implant systems. This article reviews the state of the art in trabecular bone biomechanics, focusing on the mechanical aspects, and attempts to identify important areas of current and future research.