gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of leak current generation distribution in PEFC and its application to load fluctuation testing under low humidification (2010)

Abstract A study was performed to establish a method for measuring the position and amount of leak current increase during operation of a fuel cell. This measurement method was applied to load fluctuation testing at low humidification and the increase in the leak current was observed in the downstream zone of the cell. The tested cell was disassembled and cross sections were observed under the SEM. The SEM images revealed the formation of a Pt band near the cathode catalyst in the downstream zone of the cell. This may be the cause of the degradation of the membrane at the downstream. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(1): 1–9, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21038
Photorespiration is More Effective than the Mehler Reaction in Protecting the Photosynthetic Apparatus against Photoinhibition (1991)

Abstract I. Isolated intact chloroplasts: Photosystem II, but not photosystem I, of the electron transport chain is rapidly photoinactivated even by very low intensities of red light when no large proton gradient can be formed and the electron transport chain becomes over‐reduced in the absence of oxygen and other reducable substrates. Electron acceptors including oxygen provide protection against photoinactivation. Nevertheless, photosystem II is rapidly, and photosystem I more slowly, photoinactivated by high intensities of red light when oxygen is the only electron acceptor available. Increased damage is observed at increased oxygen concentrations although catalase is added to destroy H 2 O 2 formed during oxygen reduction in the Mehler reaction. Photoinactivation can be decreased, but not prevented by ascorbate which reduces hydrogen peroxide inside the chloroplasts and increases coupled electron flow. II. Leaves: Simple measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence permit assessment of damage to photosystem II after exposure of leaves to high intensity illumination. In contrast to isolated chloroplasts, chloroplasts suffer more damage in situ at reduced than at elevated oxygen concentrations. The difference in the responses is due to photorespiration which is active in leaves, but not in isolated chloroplasts. After photosynthesis and photorespiration are inhibited by feeding glyceraldehyde to leaves, photoinactivation is markedly increased, although oxygen reduction in the Mehler reaction is not affected by glyceraldehyde. In the presence of reduced CO 2 levels, photorespiratory reactions, but not the Mehler reaction, can prevent the overreduction of the electron transport chain. Over‐reduction indicates ineffective control of photosystem II activity. Effective control is needed for protection of the electron transport chain against photoinactivation. It is suggested to be made possible by coupled cyclic electron flow around photosystem I which is facilitated by the redox poising resulting from the interplay between photorespiratory carbohydrate oxidation and the refixation of evolved CO 2 .
Design Surfaces by Laser Remelting (2011)

The surface of a part or product strongly influences its properties and functions. These are, e.g., abrasion and corrosion resistance, insensitivity to scratches, haptics as well as the visual impression to the customer. Therefore, many plastic parts have structured surfaces like leather textures on car dashboards. Usually these structures are integrated in the injection mould for the production of the plastic parts and then transferred to the plastic parts during the injection moulding process. A new approach to structuring metallic surfaces with laser radiation is structuring by remelting. Another approach of enhancing the appearance of design surfaces is creating a two-gloss effect by selective laser polishing. Both laser-based processes are based on reallocation of material instead of ablation.
2D shape deformation based on rigid square matching (2008)

Abstract In this paper, we propose a fast and stable method for 2D shape deformation based on rigid square matching. Our method utilizes uniform quadrangular control meshes for 2D shapes and tries to maintain the rigidity of each square in the control mesh during user manipulation. A rigid shape matching method is performed to find an optimal pure rotational transformation for each square in the control mesh. An iterative solver is proposed to compute the final deformation result for the entire control mesh by minimizing the difference between the deformed vertices and their counterparts in the neighboring rigid square. The deformation result on the 2D shape is as rigid as possible and the details of the shape are preserved well. As extensions, we present a shape‐aware splitting method to improve the deformation effect for coarse meshes and a simple sketch‐based clustering method for skeletal deformation. Experiments with various 2D shapes show that our method is efficient and easy to use, and can provide physically plausible result for shapes of objects in real world. Therefore, our shape deformation method is especially suitable for applications in cartoon character animation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Herpes viruses induce atherosclerosis in chickens (1980)

Domestic birds who have not run afoul of the Colonel may face an even harder fate at the hands of New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center investigators. Determined to learn more about human coronary disease by studying fowl, these researchers have recently induced atheromatous plaque formation in specific-pathogen-free White Leghorns by inoculating them intratracheally with Marek's disease herpes virus (MDV). C. Richard Minick, MD, professor of pathology at Cornell, discussed the group's findings (<i>Am J Pathol</i>96:673-706, 1979) at the recent American Heart Association science writers' forum at St Petersburg Beach, Fla. Minick and associates divided more than 100 male chicks with normal cholesterol levels into four groups. Two of the groups were inoculated with MDV two days after birth; two were not. All groups were fed a low-cholesterol diet for 15 weeks. For 15 additional weeks, one infected group and one uninfected group received a 2% cholesterol supplement to
Context-aware prefetching at the storage server (2008)

In many of today’s applications, access to storage constitutes the major cost of processing a user request. Data prefetching has been used to alleviate the storage access latency. Under current prefetching techniques, the storage system prefetches a batch of blocks upon detecting an access pattern. However, the high level of concurrency in today’s applications typically leads to interleaved block accesses, which makes detecting an access pattern a very challenging problem. Towards this, we propose and evaluate QuickMine, a novel, lightweight and minimally intrusive method for contextaware prefetching. Under QuickMine, we capture application contexts, such as a transaction or query, and leverage them for context-aware prediction and improved prefetching effectiveness in the storage cache. We implement a prototype of our context-aware prefetching algorithm in a storage-area network (SAN) built using Network Block Device (NBD). Our prototype shows that context-aware prefetching clearly outperforms existing context-oblivious prefetching algorithms, resulting in factors of up to 2 improvements in application latency for two e-commerce workloads with repeatable access patterns, TPC-W and RUBiS. 1
Implementing atomic rendezvous within a transactional framework (2003)

The authors address the problem of implementing the CSP (communicating sequential processes) rendezvous within a transactional framework. Instead of implementing a fair nondeterministic choice and assuming the correct functioning of processors and communication media, the authors propose an efficient transactional implementation of the atomic rendezvous in the presence of processor failures in a multiprocessor machine. Both atomicity and efficiency are obtained by using high-speed stable storage devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Loss of cell adhesion in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> embryos mediated by the cytoplasmic domain of XLerk, an erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular ligand (1998)

The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) family of ligands and receptors has been implicated in the control of axon guidance and the segmental restriction of cells during embryonic development. In this report, we show that ectopic expression of XLerk, a Xenopus homologue of the murine Lerk-2 (ephrin-B1) transmembrane ligand, causes dissociation of Xenopus embryonic blastomeres by the mid-blastula transition. Moreover, a mutant that lacks the extracellular receptor binding domain can induce this phenotype. The carboxyl-terminal 19 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain of XLerk are necessary but not sufficient to induce cellular dissociation. Basic fibroblast growth factor, but not activin, can rescue both the loss of cell adhesion and mesoderm induction in ectodermal explants expressing XLerk. Collectively, these results show that the cytoplasmic domain of XLerk has a signaling function that is important for cell adhesion, and fibroblast growth factor signaling modulates this function.
Optimum Antenna Design for DGPS Ground Reference Stations (1994)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) user community
is growing exponentially. Although many of these
users are content with the accuracy provided by the
GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS), an increasing
number of applications require the precision provided
tither by code-differential or carrier-differential
techniques. An example is precision approach and
landing. All candidate precision approach architectures
involve the use of differential processing schemes.
Multipath has been well-established as the primary
error source in DGPS, yet most current antenna
designs do not address this fact.
This paper discusses the state of the art in GPS
antenna design and analyzes antenna performance for
the case of DGPS ground reference stations. This
serves as the background for the design of an optimum
ground reference station antenna system. The
optimizing criteria is multipath rejection and this is
achieved through the use of multiple antenna types and
phased-array design.
Frequency and Characteristics of Anxiety Among Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (2003)

The purpose of this study was to assess the cross-sectional prevalence and characteristics of anxiety among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), as compared with patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), patients with vascular dementia (VaD), and normal control subjects. The authors used the anxiety subscale of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), an instrument with established reliability and validity, to compare patients. Patients were identified in a query of the UCLA Alzheimer's Disease Center database and included 115 patients with probable AD, 43 patients with VaD, 33 patients with FTD, and 40 normal, elderly control subjects. Descriptive statistics were generated, and partial correlations, controlling for Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, were performed between the anxiety subscale and other behavioral features as measured by the NPI and the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). Relationships between cognitive status (as indicated by MMSE score) and anxiety were explored. Anxiety was reported more commonly in patients with VaD and FTD than in patients with AD. These differences remained significant (P<0.01) in an analysis of variance (ANOVA) after adjusting for age, age at onset, educational level, and MMSE score. In AD, anxiety was inversely related to MMSE score (i.e., worse with more severe dementia), was more prevalent among patients with a younger age at onset (under age 65), and correlated with disability as measured by the FAQ score. These data suggest that anxiety is common among patients with diverse forms of dementia. In AD, anxiety is most common in those with more severe cognitive deterioration and an earlier age at onset.
Thermoelectric parameters of eutectic Ge-InAs alloy (1988)

If a semiconductor is made as an alloy containing small inclusions (a few micrometers), one expects that the size of the composition-inhomogeneity regions would be reduced, with corresponding changes in the thermoelectric parameters by comparison with large single crystals (several centimeters). This has been tested with a eutectic InAs-Ge alloy containing small germanium inclusions. The eutectic alloys were made my Bridgmans method. The conductivity and thermo-emf parallel and perpendicular to the axis were measured along with the thermal conductivity at 298-940 K. The parameters were affected by Ga acceptor and Sb and Te donors.
Improved synthesis of anodized aluminum oxide with modulated pore diameters for the fabrication of polymeric nanotubes (2013)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of unprecedented anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates and their replication to yield dye-functionalized polymeric nanotubes with modulated outer diameters between 83 ± 3 nm and 167 ± 8 nm by wetting the templates with a polymer solution. In particular, modulated diameter AAO nanopores with interpore distances of 234 ± 9 nm, 273 ± 6 nm, and 332 ± 11 nm and diameters ranging between 40 nm and 120 nm were fabricated with segment lengths of the thinner and the thicker pore portion of 250 nm to ≥100 μm and 300 nm to 18 μm, respectively, in a highly controlled continuous anodization process. In this process the temperature at the Al/Al2O3 interface was altered in situ during hard anodization at constant potential by modulating the flow rate of the cooling electrolyte. The pores, which could be widened at constant etch rate in phosphoric acid, were subsequently successfully replicated by the solution-wetting method using a solution of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and a fluorescent dye in toluene. Removal of the AAO templates in aqueous KOH yielded open nanotubes with precisely controllable outer diameters. This versatile strategy, which afforded polymeric nanotubes corresponding accurately to the advanced AAO templates with radii of curvature along the nanostructures between 296 ± 13 nm and 121 ± 11 nm, can be expanded to the fabrication of unprecedented functional nanoobjects, such as nanotubes and nanorods, of a broad range of materials.
Heart Obeys the Brain: Seizure Ceases Cardiac Rhythm (2010)

Ictal asystole is a rare phenomenon which may contribute to sudden death during epilepsy. Here we describe a case of a 20-year-old woman with ictal asystole and normal findings during electrophysiologic study. This case illustrates that ictal asystole may occur in patients with electrically normal hearts. We provide pathophysiologic considerations and discuss therapeutic options.
Phrenic Nerve Pacing for the Treatment of Central Hypoventilation Syndrome - State of the Art and Case Report (1983)

The application of phrenic nerve pacing is an effective method of respiratory support in adults with certain forms of acquired failure of automatic ventilation. The experience with one infant suffering from congenital central hypoventilation (Ondine's syndrome) is summarized in this report. Stimulation electrodes were implanted on the thoracic portion of each phrenic nerve. After a cumbersome period of intensive medical care and conditioning of the phrenic nerve-diaphragm-system, the patient could be weaned off the respirator. Severe upper airway obstruction, however, required tracheostomy. Bilateral simultaneous pacing has been effective now for more than 2 years providing the desired normal ventilation during sleep. The state of the art of phrenic nerve pacing is described.
Robust speed identification for speed-sensorless vector control of induction motors (1994)

This paper describes a new approach to estimating induction motor speed from measured terminal voltages and currents for speed-sensorless vector control. The proposed approach is based on observing the instantaneous reactive power of the motor. The estimated speed is used as feedback in an indirect vector control system. The described technique is very simple and robust to variations of motor parameters. The new approach is not dependent upon the knowledge of the value of the stator resistance, nor is it affected by stator resistance thermal variations. Furthermore, pure integration of sensed variables, in principle, is not required at all. Therefore, this new method can achieve much wider bandwidth speed control than previous tacholess drives. The effectiveness is verified by simulation and experiment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A fast fluorescence imaging flow cytometer for phytoplankton analysis (2013)

We report a fast fluorescence imaging flow cytometer for phytoplankton analysis that can achieve a volume flow rate up to 1ml/min. The instrument shows a high immunity to motion blur in image captured with a lateral resolution of 0.75 ± 0.06 μm for a wide size range ~1 μm to ~200 μm. This is made possible by suppressing the out-of-focus light using thin light sheet illumination and image deconvolution, and by precluding the motion-blur with a unique flow configuration. Preliminary results from untreated coastal water samples show the technique has high potential as a practical field instrument for monitoring phytoplankton abundance and species composition.
Intraocular radiation blocking. (1990)

Iodine-based liquid radiographic contrast agents were placed in normal and tumor-bearing (Greene strain) rabbit eyes to evaluate their ability to block iodine-125 radiation. This experiment required the procedures of tumor implantation, vitrectomy, air-fluid exchange, and 125I plaque and thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) chip implantation. The authors quantified the amount of radiation attenuation provided by intraocularly placed contrast agents with in vivo dosimetry. After intraocular insertion of a blocking agent or sham blocker (saline) insertion, episcleral 125I plaques were placed across the eye from episcleral TLD dosimeters. This showed that radiation attenuation occurred after blocker insertion compared with the saline controls. Then computed tomographic imaging techniques were used to describe the relatively rapid transit time of the aqueous-based iohexol compared with the slow transit time of the oil-like iophendylate. Lastly, seven nontumor-bearing eyes were primarily examined for blocking agent-related ocular toxicity. Although it was noted that iophendylate induced intraocular inflammation and retinal degeneration, all iohexol-treated eyes were similar to the control eyes at 7 and 31 days of follow-up. Although our study suggests that intraocular radiopaque materials can be used to shield normal ocular structures during 125I plaque irradiation, a mechanism to keep these materials from exiting the eye must be devised before clinical application.
Development of an active-matrix "HEED" cold cathode and its application to an image sensor (2006)

For practical advantages of the HEED (high-efficiency electron emission device) such as a low driving voltage, a high emission current density, especially application to an ultra high sensitive compact image sensor can be expected. A prototype active-matrix HEED image sensor integrated with scanning driver circuits was developed with a HARP (High-gain avalanche rushing amorphous photoconductor) target. It was demonstrated that the prototype 256 × 192 pixels active-matrix HEED array operates well as an effective probe for high-resolution image pickup under dim lighting. The possibility of the active-matrix HEED for development of next-generation image sensor with ultra high sensitivity and high definition was concluded in this report.
First-break automatic picking with deep semisupervised learning neural network (2018)

Although seismic industry has been investigating decades on solving the first break picking problems automatically, there are still enormous challenges during the investigation. Even till today, there are not solid solutions to avoid human labors to manually pick data by geophysicists. With the raise of deep learning and powerful hardware, many of those challenges can be overcome. In this work, we propose a deep semi-supervised neural network to achieve automatic picking for the first break in seismic data. The network is designed to perform with both unlabeled data and a limited amount of real data with labels. Initial feature representation is learning in a discriminative unsupervised manner on real datasets without labels. Since no assumptions are made with regard to the difference of underlying distributions between the synthetic and real data, our model has more marginal gain to compensate for the distribution drifting compare to the supervised learning models. In addition, the network is capable of updating itself through continuous learning. The system is able to identify labeling anomalies onsite and update the model through active learning. In simulation, we show our proposed deep semi-supervised neural network can achieve high accuracy on first break picking. Comparing with the supervised neural networks, our proposed network shows the advantage on using both labeled and unlabeled data set to achieve higher accuracy. Presentation Date: Tuesday, October 16, 2018 Start Time: 9:20:00 AM Location: Poster Station 3 Presentation Type: Poster
An Improved Synthesis of Cyclopropyl Phenyl Ketone and Related Substances (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Improved Synthesis of Cyclopropyl Phenyl Ketone and Related SubstancesW. J. CloseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 6, 1455–1458Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01563a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01563a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views423Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts