gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft-switching techniques for pulse-width-modulated converters (1994)

The concept of soft-switching pulse-width-modulated (PWM) technique was proposed aimed at combining the advantages of both the conventional PWM technique and the resonant technique. This work presents four new families of soft-switching PWM converters: the zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) PWM converters, the zero-current-switched (ZCS) PWM converters, the zerovoltage- transition (ZVT) PWM converters, and the zero-current-transition (ZCT) PWM converters. The family of ZVS- and ZCS-PWM converters are developed to improve the performance of the ZVS and ZCS quasi-resonant converters, respectively. The principles of operations of these two families of converters are presented, and the merits and limitations are assessed. A number of experimental converters are breadboarded to verify the theoretical analysis. Both the ZVT-PWM and ZCT-PWM techniques use the concept of shunt resonant network to achieve soft-switching. In this way, the new converters achieve soft-switching without increasing the voltage and current stresses of the power switches and diodes. By using the boost topology as an example, a complete dc analysis of the ZVT-PWM and ZCT-PWM converters is presented, and the dc Voltage-conversion ratio characteristics are derived. Design trade-offs are examined, and design procedures are established. The theoretical analysis and novel features of the proposed converters are verified on a number of breadboarded converters. Finally, the typical small-signal characteristics of the ZVT -PWM converters are analyzed and verified experimentally by using the boost converter as an example.
Cardiac Graft Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Interleukin-1 Expression Mediate Primary Isograft Failure and Induction of ICAM-1 in Organs Remote From the Site of Transplantation (1998)

During the first few hours after heart transplantation, the occurrence of graft failure is unpredictable and devastating. An explosive cascade of inflammatory events within the reperfused graft vasculature is likely to be mediated, at least in part, by the local expression of the leukocyte adhesion receptor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54). Furthermore, although proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) are known to autoinduce their own (and ICAM-1) expression in vitro, there are no data to identify their functional in vivo cross talk in the setting of isograft transplantation. To determine the role of ICAM-1 in primary graft failure, we used an isogeneic vascularized model of heterotopic cardiac transplantation. ICAM-1 mRNA and protein increased in grafts during the early posttransplant period and were predominantly localized in the endothelium. The functional significance of this was established using donor hearts obtained from either ICAM-1-deficient (ICAM-1 -/-) or control (ICAM-1 +/+) mice. ICAM-1 +/+ grafts exhibited increased neutrophil infiltration, reduced left ventricular compliance, and poorer survival than did ICAM-1 -/- grafts. Increased ICAM-1 expression was not limited to ICAM-1 +/+ grafts but also occurred in unmanipulated recipient organs located remote from the site of surgery (but only after transplantation of ICAM-1 +/+, not ICAM-1 -/-, cardiac grafts). This expression of ICAM-1 in remote organs appeared to be triggered by IL-1alpha released from the graft, because (1) in situ hybridization revealed increased IL-1 mRNA within cells of the reperfused graft, including myocytes and endothelial cells; (2) ICAM-1 expression in remote organs coincided with a significant increase in serum levels of IL-1alpha after transplantation of ICAM-1 +/+ grafts; both remote organ ICAM-1 expression and IL-1alpha levels were blunted by implantation of ICAM-1 -/- grafts; and (3) remote organ ICAM-1 expression and neutrophil infiltration and IL-1 levels could be blocked by the administration of an IL-1 receptor antagonist. These data demonstrate an apparent positive-feedback loop in which local ICAM-1 and IL-1 expression leads to a mutual amplification of each other's expression within the reperfused graft, promulgating inflammatory events that are likely to be an important cause of primary cardiac graft failure. Because IL-1 receptor blockade reduces the IL-1-mediated autoinduction of IL-1, reduces the expression of ICAM-1 in both the graft and remote organs, and improves graft survival, it may provide a new and effective strategy to prevent the occurrence of primary cardiac graft failure.
Virtualization Techniques for Cross Platform Automated Software Builds, Tests and Deployment (2009)

In this paper, an integrated approach for cross platform automated software builds and the implementation of a test framework is described. The system introduced here utilizes state-of-the-art virtualization tools to accomplish this task. In this way a single off the shelf PC can be used to build and test the software and in addition to that create deployable packages for multiple target platforms. Hence, the main contribution is an architectural concept for automated cross platform builds and testing based on virtualization of the processes that are platform dependent. The system was introduced for a large academic software library project in the field of robotics and machine vision. Here it is now productive and provides continuous feedback for developers, as well as includes the possibility to obtain the latest binary releases for end users.
Discovering the Rules in a Poker Player's Mind Based on the Association Rule Mining (2009)

One of the weaknesses and drawbacks of a computer compared to a human being is the creativity and intelligence of a human being in encountering with different problems and his power of deduction and reasoning. Therefore computer engineers have been trying to make computers more intelligent and inferential and reasonable in encountering with different problems. Thus in this article we have tried to increase the intelligence and deduction of a computer when playing a poker game. In this article a method is proposed based on the association rule mining which enables the computer to sense thoughts in a poker player's mind and guess his hand by observing his moves. According to the evaluation and a confidence of 78.6%, the rules in a poker player's mind were proven to be guessed correctly by the computer.
Introducing the ORion II NV7392 flat panel ion doping system (2002)

The next generation of the ORion flat panel ion doping system has been developed in order to meet evolving industry requirements for implantation into substrates that now exceed one square meter in area. The ORion II ion doping system scales-up both the linear ribbon-beam ion source, and the high-throughput substrate handling architecture of the first-generation ORion machine. The ORion II is capable of processing of substrates up to 1000×1200 mm, and can deliver linear beam current densities of 700 particle μA/cm of phosphorous and 300 particle μA/cm of boron. In addition to describing the machine architecture, we present data on the beam current uniformity, implant It,, throughput, beam current dynamic range and process-switching performance.
Long-term outcome after postmastectomy radiation therapy for breast cancer patients at high risk for local-regional recurrence. (1999)

Postmastectomy radiation therapy is associated with an 89% rate of local-regional control in this high-risk population. Patients who experience a local-regional recurrence after radiation therapy are at a very high risk for metastatic disease. Radiation therapy after mastectomy is recommended to optimize local-regional control for high-risk breast cancer patients.
Multilocus Sequence Typing of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Isolates from Humans, Chickens, Raw Milk, and Environmental Water in Quebec, Canada (2008)

Molecular strain typing is essential for deciphering the epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni infections. We applied two different methods, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and analysis of the flaA short variable repeat (SVR), to 289 isolates (163 human, 56 chicken, 34 raw milk, and 36 environmental water isolates) collected in the province of Québec, Canada, over 3 years; in addition, the analysis included the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing results for a subset of 131 isolates studied previously. MLST defined 96 sequence types (STs) and 20 clonal complexes (CCs), including 49 STs (73 isolates, 25%) and 39 alleles not previously documented in an international database. The frequency of new STs was significantly higher among water isolates than among isolates from other sources (18/36 [50%] and 55/253 [22%], respectively; P < 0.001). Nine of the 10 most prevalent CCs included isolates from humans and at least one other source; five CCs comprised exclusively or mostly human and chicken isolates. However, water and milk were the predominant nonhuman sources among the remaining CCs, suggesting that sporadic C. jejuni infections in humans may frequently arise from sources other than chickens. All three typing systems were discriminatory (discriminatory index > 0.9). Among 131 isolates analyzed by PFGE, each of the 20 types represented by two or more isolates corresponded to a single CC. In contrast, among the 14 most prevalent types detected by analysis of the flaA SVR (5 to 27 isolates each), 8 (57%) included isolates that represented multiple different CCs. The basis for these discordant results was uncertain. Antimicrobial resistance was randomly distributed among the CCs and appeared to be more closely related to the source of an isolate than its genotype. Although MLST is labor-intensive and expensive, it remains the single best method for the genotyping of C. jejuni isolates and deciphering the epidemiologic relationships among isolates.
Power gating design for standard-cell-like structured ASICs (2010)

Structured ASIC has been introduced to bridge the power, performance, area and design cost gaps between ASIC and FPGA. As technology scales, leakage power consumption becomes a serious problem. Among the leakage power reduction techniques, power gating is commonly used to disconnect idle logic blocks from power network to curtail sub-threshold leakage. In this paper, we apply power gating to structured ASICs for leakage power reduction. We present a power-gated via-configurable logic block (PGVCLB) and a power gated design flow mostly using existing standard cell design tools. We can configure PGVCLBs in a design to implement fine-grained power gating, coarse-grained/cluster-based power gating or even distributed sleep transistor network (DSTN). With fine-grained power gating, we can achieve 52% leakage reduction on average with only 8% area and 17% delay overheads when compared to the data obtained using a non-power-gated library.
Applications of CRISPR-Cas System in Tumor Biology (2021)

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system, which is an RNA-guided nuclease system, plays an important role in the adaptive immune response of bacteria, and it is a rapidly developing g... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press
Efficient parsing of spoken inputs for human-robot interaction (2009)

The use of deep parsers in spoken dialogue systems is usually subject to strong performance requirements. This is particularly the case in human-robot interaction, where the computing resources are limited and must be shared by many components in parallel. A real-time dialogue system must be capable of responding quickly to any given utterance, even in the presence of noisy, ambiguous or distorted input. The parser must therefore ensure that the number of analyses remains bounded at every processing step. The paper presents a practical approach to addressing this issue in the context of deep parsers designed for spoken dialogue. The approach is based on a word lattice parser combined with a statistical model for parse selection. Each word lattice is parsed incrementally, word by word, and a discriminative model is applied at each incremental step to prune the set of resulting partial analyses. The model incorporates a wide range of linguistic and contextual features and can be trained with a simple perceptron. The approach is fully implemented as part of a spoken dialogue system for human-robot interaction. Evaluation results on a Wizard-of-Oz test suite demonstrate significant improvements in parsing time.
Wavefront Distortion of Acoustic Surface Waves from Apodized Interdigital Transducers (1971)

The acoustic surface wave launched by an interdigital transducer is experimentally shown to have a distorted wavefront when the transducer has a varying finger overlap (apodization) and is on a high-coupling piezoelectric substrate, LiNbO3. Results are shown for different transducer geometries, when an acoustic wave passes under the comb and when the apodized comb itself is driven. One geometry having extra metal fingers significantly reduces the wavefront distortion. The origin of the distortion is a retardation of the wave passing under metal fingers.
New red phosphor: Ca₀.₆₅Eu₀.₃₅F₂.₃₅ single сrystal (2004)

The first observation of absorption, red-orange luminescence, and decay kinetics of Ca₀.₆₅Eu₀.₃₅F₂.₃₅ single crystal is reported. The emission spectrum of excited directly in absorption bands consists of narrow bands at -590, 614 and 690 nm caused by ⁵Dj → ⁷Fj transitions typical of Eu³+ ion. The same luminescence was found under UV, X- and y-excitation. The optical parameters of x-ray irradiated crystal remain unchanged at dose increasing up to 10⁴ Gy. That is, the compound holds a high radiation damage threshold. It can be presumed that this multicomponent solid solution may be used as a converter of UV and ionizing radiation into visible photons with high quantum efficiency.
A new power factor correction and ballast control IC (2002)

A new control IC has been developed which includes active power factor correction, ballast control, and a 600 V half-bridge driver output. An improved control method has also been developed for power factor correction using a modulation technique to achieve low harmonic distortion. The result is a high-performance complete fluorescent lamp ballast solution with a significant cost reduction. A complete nondimming ballast has been built that incorporates this new integrated circuit and verifies all of these features.
G‐quadruplex‐induced instability during leading‐strand replication (2011)

G-quadruplexes are four-stranded nucleic acid structures whose biological functions remain poorly understood. In the yeast S. cerevisiae, we report that G-quadruplexes form and, if not properly processed, pose a specific challenge to replication. We show that the G-quadruplex-prone CEB1 tandem array is tolerated when inserted near ARS305 replication origin in wild-type cells but is very frequently destabilized upon treatment with the potent Phen-DC(3) G-quadruplex ligand, or in the absence of the G-quadruplex-unwinding Pif1 helicase, only when the G-rich strand is the template of leading-strand replication. The orientation-dependent instability is associated with the formation of Rad51-Rad52-dependent X-shaped intermediates during replication detected by two-dimensional (2D) gels, and relies on the presence of intact G-quadruplex motifs in CEB1 and on the activity of ARS305. The asymmetrical behaviour of G-quadruplex prone sequences during replication has implications for their evolutionary dynamics within genomes, including the maintenance of G-rich telomeres.
Dietary protein, enhancement of N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary carcinogenesis, and their effect on hormone regulation in rats. (1986)

The effect of supplemental dietary protein (casein) fed with high fat diets was investigated using the N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumor model. Isocaloric diets containing casein and corn oil at 19 and 15% (normal protein-high fat) or 33 and 15% (high protein-high fat) were fed ad libitum to Sprague-Dawley mother rats. Female offspring continued on the diet. Food consumption and growth curves were similar over the entire growth period. N-Nitrosomethylurea (50 mg/kg body weight) or saline was administered at 7 and 8 weeks of age via the tail vein. Dietary protein had no effect on serum prolactin or growth hormone throughout the estrous cycle: Prior to carcinogen administration, at 7 weeks old, proestrus at 5 p.m., serum prolactin was 231.6 +/- 141.0 (SE) ng/ml (12 rats) versus 292.2 +/- 141.0 (13 rats) for normal versus high protein diet groups, respectively. No difference was noted after carcinogen injection at 9, 13, 28, and 33 weeks of age. Similarly no effect was noted on serum growth hormone activity. Tumor latency was 7 weeks and incidence was 100% in normal protein (24 rats) and high protein (39 rats) groups 28 weeks after carcinogen treatment. The number of tumors per rat (4.38 +/- 0.37 versus 2.87 +/- 0.35, P less than 0.002) and average tumor weight (17.97 +/- 2.63 versus 9.94 +/- 2.92 g) were significantly greater in the high protein group. Study indicates that diet or carcinogen treatment did not alter hormone regulation during the estrous cycle. However, supplemental dietary protein increased the effect of high fat diets enhancing the mammary tumor burden.
Trajectory Optimization for vertical navigation using the Harmony Search algorithm (2016)

Global warming has become a major concern, and several solutions have been proposed to reduce CO2 emissions. Aircraft are responsible of 2% of the global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and the aerospace industry has committed to reduce by 2050 its carbon footprint to 50% of the emissions recorded in 2005. Among the many studies to achieve this goal, flight trajectory optimization seems to be a very promising solution. The main objective of this paper is to propose an optimization algorithm based on the Harmony Search algorithm to optimize the vertical profile (VNAV) of a flight (climb and cruise) without step climb to reduce fuel consumption. The algorithm was developed in Matlab and results compared to an exhaustive search which computes all the possible candidates and finds the optimal one. It has been tested on a commercial plane for three destinations and three different weights.
Smectic Liquid Crystal Waveguides with Cylindrical Geometry (1991)

Abstract We have shown that the homeotropic alignment of smectic-A liquid crystals inside a ∼ 150 μm diameter glass capillary satisfies the classic Frank solution. Optical loss as low as 1.7 dB/cm, including interface losses, has been obtained from these waveguides. Very interesting multimode propagation characteristics have been observed and are compared to similar waveguides filled with nematic liquid crystals.
Effects of Modification of the Transcription Initiation Site Context on <i>Citrus Tristeza Virus</i> Subgenomic RNA Synthesis (2003)

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a member of the Closteroviridae, has a positive-sense RNA genome of about 20 kb organized into 12 open reading frames (ORFs). The last 10 ORFs are expressed through 3'-coterminal subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs) regulated in both amounts and timing. Additionally, relatively large amounts of complementary sgRNAs are produced. We have been unable to determine whether these sgRNAs are produced by internal promotion from the full-length template minus strand or by transcription from the minus-stranded sgRNAs. Understanding the regulation of 10 sgRNAs is a conceptual challenge. In analyzing commonalities of a replicase complex in producing so many sgRNAs, we examined initiating nucleotides of the sgRNAs. We mapped the 5' termini of intermediate- (CP and p13) and low- (p18) produced sgRNAs that, like the two highly abundant sgRNAs (p20 and p23) previously mapped, all initiate with an adenylate. We then examined modifications of the initiation site, which has been shown to be useful in defining mechanisms of sgRNA synthesis. Surprisingly, mutation of the initiating nucleotide of the CTV sgRNAs did not prevent sgRNA accumulation. Based on our results, the CTV replication complex appears to initiate sgRNA synthesis with purines, preferably with adenylates, and is able to initiate synthesis using a nucleotide a few positions 5' or 3' of the native initiation nucleotide. Furthermore, the context of the initiation site appears to be a regulatory mechanism for levels of sgRNA production. These data do not support either of the established mechanisms for synthesis of sgRNAs, suggesting that CTV sgRNA production utilizes a different mechanism.
The canine distemper epidemic in Serengeti: are lions victims of a new highly virulent canine distemper virus strain, or is pathogen circulation stochasticity to blame? (2007)

In the year 1994, the Serengeti lion population was decimated by a canine distemper disease outbreak. Retrospective investigations showed that this host population had already been in contact with the pathogen in 1981 without any detected sign of disease. As an alternative to the virus mutation hypothesis to explain this difference in virulences observed in 1981 and 1994, we propose a novel mechanism of disease emergence based on variation in population immunity. We use a stochastic model to show that stochastic fluctuations in pathogen circulation, owing to a low probability of virus transmission from its reservoir to the target host and thereby resulting in variations in the global immunity level of the target host population, can explain the observations made in Serengeti. This mechanism may also be involved in other infectious disease emergences or re-emergences.
Efficient image coding method based on adaptive Gabor discrete cosine transforms (1993)

The Gabor transform is very useful for image compress/ on, but its implementation is very complicated and time consuming because the Gabor elementary functions are not mutually orthogonal. An efficient algorithm that combines the successive overrelaxation iteration and the look-up table techniques can be used to carry out the Gabor transform. The performance of the Gabor transform can be improved by using a modified transform, a Gabor discrete cosine transform (DCT). We present an adaptive Gabor DCT image coding algorithm. Experimental results show that a better performance can be achieved with the adaptive Gabor OCT than with the Gabor OCT.