gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating channel-induced distortion in H.264/AVC video without bitstream information (2010)

No-reference video quality monitoring algorithms typically assume the availability of the encoded bitstream in order to assess the quality of the received signal at the decoder side. In some situations this is not possible, e.g. because the bitstream is encrypted or processed by third party decoders. Thus no-reference quality monitoring must be carried out in a blind way, i.e. using only pixel-domain data output by the decoder. In this paper we target this scenario for the specific case of distortion introduced by channel losses. We estimate the missing coding parameters, as well as the channel error pattern, and feed them into a no-reference quality monitoring system which produces accurate estimates of the MSE distortion. The results produced by the proposed method are well correlated (linear correlation coefficient larger than 0.8 over a wide range of packet loss rates) with the distortion computed in full-reference mode.
Optical frequency shifter for heterodyne interferometers using multiple rotating polarization retarders (1978)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. N. Shagam and J. C. Wyant, "Optical frequency shifter for heterodyne interferometers using multiple rotating polarization retarders," Appl. Opt. 17, 3034-3035 (1978) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Armoring confined bubbles in the flow of colloidal suspensions (2017)

We study the process of coating the interface of a long gas bubble, which is translating in a horizontal circular capillary tube filled with a colloidal suspension. A typical elongated confined bubble is comprised of three distinct regions: a spherical front cap, a central body that is separated from the tube wall by a thin liquid film, and a spherical cap at the back. These three regions are connected by transitional sections. Particles gradually coat the bubble from the back to the front. We investigate the mechanisms that govern the initial accumulation of the particles and the growth of the particle-coated area on the interface of the bubble. We show that the initial accumulation of particles starts at the stable stagnation ring on the rear cap of the bubble, and the particles will completely coat the spherical cap at the back of the bubble before accumulating on the central body. Armoring the central interface of the bubble with particles thickens the liquid film around the bubble relative to that around the particle-free interface. This effect creates a rather sharp step on the interface of the bubble in the central region, which separates the armored region from the particle-free region. After the bubble is completely coated, the liquid film around the body of the bubble will adjust again to an intermediate thickness. We show that the three distinct thicknesses that the liquid film acquires during the armoring process can be well described analytically.
Hyperacuity laser imager (1993)

A hyperacuity laser imager utilizes gray source data and overscanned (enhanced sampling reconstruction) gray exposure to achieve fully saturated black-and-white image rendering on the photoreceptor at 4800/in. addressability in both the fast and the slow scan directions, while maintaining a 400 lines/in. frequency response. Conventional laser printing techniques render bit-mapped images at resolutions finer than required by the human visual system (for example, 600 to 1200 bit/in.) in an attempt to meet a related requirement for edge placement, precision of text, line art, and halftones. Unfortunately, this excessive bit-mapped resolution is inefficient and cumbersome to maintain in a printing system and is stiil not nearly enough to satisfy the human visual system's need for edge precision. On the other hand, a hyperacuity imager has the edge precision necessary to satisfy the human visual system's needs, and trades off excessive resolution to do so. We examine the overscanned, gray exposure characteristics of the hyperacuity laser imager and discuss how it can be viewed as a natural evolution of the current trends in laser printing technology. In addition, an order of magnitude relationship is established between addressabiity and frequency response for a hyperacuity imager, which is shown to significantly match the needs of the human visual system.
Influence of intercalation methods in properties of Clay and carbon nanotube and high density polyethylene nanocomposites (2014)

In this work, nanocomposites with simultaneous dispersion of carbon nanotubes and clays in a high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix were prepared. Two different processes of preparation were employed: solution or melt intercalation. Two different montmorillonite clays were used separately: a natural (MMT-Na) or an organoclay (MMT-30B) and it was used multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Thermal properties were evaluated by DSC and TGA, mechanical properties were evaluated by nanoindentetion and morphology was investigated by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Alterations of 20% in crystallinity were detected, increases in Young´s modulus up to 12% were observed and up to 20% of increase was observed in Oliver-Pharr hardness. It is possible to explain part of those results based on the state of dispersion observed in our TEM results.
Organizing for Safe Work in a Safe World (1990)

[Excerpt] Health and safety is a promising issue for organizing workers, whether as new members or in revitalizing local unions. Working conditions have dramatically deteriorated over the past decade, and millions of workers now work in workplaces that are unbelievably dangerous and unhealthy. There are many different organizing strategies. The authors start from the premise that from day one the goal of any organizing campaign is union building. Recognizing that there are different ways to get there, and that resources and circumstances differ from campaign to campaign, we attempt in this article to outline the basic ingredients and a general strategic approach. While our focus here is on organizing new members, the general approach we outline is equally effective for union building in already constituted local unions.
Effect of Free Radical Activation for Low Temperature Si to Si Wafer Bonding (2009)

In this study, a comparison of different surface treatments for direct Si to Si wafer bonding is reported. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic Si wafers have been exposed to a range of pretreatments, involving oxygen and nitrogen radical activation before in situ wafer bonding in vacuum. After low temperature annealing at 200 and , the formation of voids has been observed by using scanning acoustic microscope inspection. A comparison of the bonding energy has been conducted and analyzed as a function of the surface treatments. Our experiments demonstrate that the remote plasma pretreatment is a very suitable process for surface modification of hydrophilic and hydrophobic Si to Si direct wafer bonding.
Specific PCR primers directed to identify cryI and cryIII genes within a Bacillus thuringiensis strain collection (1995)

In this paper we describe a PCR strategy that can be used to rapidly identify Bacillus thuringiensis strains that harbor any of the known cryI or cryIII genes. Four general PCR primers which amplify DNA fragments from the known cryI or cryIII genes were selected from conserved regions. Once a strain was identified as an organism that contains a particular type of cry gene, it could be easily characterized by performing additional PCR with specific cryI and cryIII primers selected from variable regions. The method described in this paper can be used to identify the 10 different cryI genes and the five different cryIII genes. One feature of this screening method is that each cry gene is expected to produce a PCR product having a precise molecular weight. The genes which produce PCR products having different sizes probably represent strains that harbor a potentially novel cry gene. Finally, we present evidence that novel crystal genes can be identified by the method described in this paper.
Chemical‐Vapor Deposition‐Based Template Synthesis of Microtubular TiS2 Battery Electrodes (1997)

We have been exploring a general route for preparing nanomaterials called "template synthesis." The application of the template method to the preparation of microtubular battery electrodes is described here. The template method is used to prepare a current collector that consists of an ensemble of metal microtubules that protrude from a metal surface like the bristles of a brush. Chemical vapor deposition is then used to coat this high surface area microtubule‐based current collector with a thin skin of the desired ‐intercalation material, in this case . In this way, a thin‐walled tubule of is formed on the outer surface of each metal microtubule. The thin walls of these tubes insure that the distance over which must diffuse is small, and the high surface area insures that the current density is low. These microtubular electrodes showed higher capacities, lower resistance, and lower susceptibility to slow electron transfer kinetics than thin film (control) electrodes prepared from the same amount of .
New techniques in facial trauma reconstruction (2002)

Over the last few decades there have been major advances in the management of patients with maxillofacial injuries in the Western world. Improvements in primary care, prompt recognition and treatment of life-threatening injuries and a multi-disciplinary approach to patients with severe cranio-maxillofacial trauma have all resulted in improved outcomes. Major advancements in diagnostic imaging, earlier surgical intervention, better instrumentation, a change from closed to open reduction and internal xation of facial fractures and improvements in secondary correction of deformities have also resulted in superior aesthetic and functional results. This article reviews some of the recent advances in this eld.
Standardization of IDCT approximation behavior for video compression: the history and the new MPEG-C parts 1 and 2 standards (2007)

This paper presents the history of international standardization activities and specifications relating to the precision of inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) approximations used in video compression designs. The evolution of issues relating to IDCT precision and the "drift" effects of IDCT mismatch between encoder modeling of decoder behavior is traced, starting with the initial requirements specified for ITU-T H.261 and continuing through the MPEG-1, H.262/MPEG-2, H.263, MPEG-4 Part 2, and H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC projects. Finally, the development of the new MPEG-C Part 1 and Part 2 standards is presented. MPEG-C Part 1 contains a centralized repository for specification of IDCT precision conformance requirements for the various MPEG video coding standards prior to MPEG-4 Part 10. MPEG-C Part 2 specifies one particular IDCT approximation for adoption in industry implementations of existing standards. The use of MPEG-C Part 2 by encoders can eliminate IDCT mismatch drift error when decoded using an MPEG-C Part 2 conforming decoder, resulting in a deterministic decoded result. MPEG-C Part 2 also provides an example for guiding implementers on how to design a decoder with high precision and without excessive computational resource requirements.
Computing the aspect graph for line drawings of polyhedral objects (2003)

J.J. Koenderink and A.J. van Doorn (1979) introduced aspect graphs as a way of representing 3-D shape for object recognition. The set of viewpoints on the Gaussian sphere is partitioned into regions such that in each region, the qualitative structure of the line drawing remains the same. The viewing data of an object are the partition of the Gaussian sphere and representative line drawings for each region of the partition. An algorithm is presented for computing the viewing data of polyhedral objects. A full catalog of the visual events that occur for polyhedral objects is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Stimlates Sodium-Dependent Pi Transport in Osteoblastic Cells via Phospholipase Cγ and Phosphatidylinositol 3′-Kinase (1997)

Abstract Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is a major regulator of cell metabolism. The Pi transport activity in the plasma membrane is a main determinant of the intracellular level of this ion. In bone-forming cells, Pi transport is important for the calcification of the bone matrix. In this study, the effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on Pi transport activity and the signaling mechanism involved in this cellular response were analyzed. The results indicate that PDGF is a potent and selective stimulator of sodium-dependent Pi transport in the mouse calvaria-derived MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. The change in Pi transport induced by PDGF-BB was dependent on translational processes and affected the Vmax of the Pi transport system. These observations suggested that enhanced Pi transport activity in response to PDGF resulted from insertion of newly synthesized Pi transporters in the plasma membrane. The role of activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase, phospholipase C (PLC)γ or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3–kinase), in mediating this effect of PDGF, was investigated. A selective inhibitor of the PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity (CGP 53716) completely blocked PDGF-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins including the PDGF receptor, PLCγ, MAP kinase, and association of the p85 subunit of PI-3′-kinase. Associated with this effect, the increase in Pi transport induced by PDGF was completely blunted by 5 μM CGP 53716. Inhibition of MAP kinase activity by cAMP agonists did not influence Pi transport stimulation induced by PDGF. However, inhibitors of protein kinase C completely blocked this response. A selective inhibitor of PI-3-kinase, LY294002, also significantly reduced this effect of PDGF. In summary, these results indicate that PDGF is a potent and selective stimulator of Pi transport in osteoblastic cells. The mechanism responsible for this effect is not mediated by MAP kinase but involves tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent activation of PLCγ and PI-3-kinase.
Observation Of Grating Surfaces By The Use Of STM (1987)

The surfaces of several optical gratings have been observed by a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in the atomosphere without contacting surface. Blaze angles of optical gratings with 3600 lines/mm and 1200 lines/mm have been measured. It is proved that the scanning tunneling microscopy is one of the useful techniques for topographic mapping of gratings with very fine pitches.
The stereo dipole : A virtual source imaging system using two closely spaced loudspeakers (1998)

<p>A system comprising only two closely spaced loudspeakers can create very convincing virtual images around a single listener. It is demonstrated that such a system is very robust with respect to head movement, and that the processing does not introduce any excessive artifacts. In practice, the loudspeakers ought to be "pair matched" in order to ensure accurate imaging.</p>
Deriving software statistical testing model from UML model (2003)

Software statistical testing is concerned with testing the entire software systems based on their usage models. In the context of UML-based development, it is desired that usage models can be derived from UML analysis artifacts. This paper presents a method that derives the software usage models from reasonably constrained UML artifacts. The method utilizes use case diagrams, sequence diagrams and the execution probability of each sequence diagram in its associated use case. By projecting the messages in sequence diagrams onto the objects under test, the method elicits messages and their occurrence probabilities for generating the usage model of each use case for the objects under test. Then the usage models of use cases are integrated into the system usage model. The integration procedure utilizes the execution sequential relations between use cases.
Highly paralellizable route planner based on cellular automata algorithms (1994)

An overview is presented of our work on a highly parallelizable route planner that efficiently finds an optimal route between two points; both serial and massively parallel implementations are described. We compare the advantages and disadvantages of the associated search algorithm relative to other search algorithms, and conclude with a discussion of future extensions and related applications.
A Kai style contour beautification method for Chinese handwriting characters (2010)

In this paper, we propose a novel contour-based method to beautify online handwritten Chinese character to the Kai style calligraphy. According to the feature and structure of Kai style calligraphy, Bezier curve is used to sketch the user-input stroke segment contour and the corner contour. We get the whole contour path of beautified character by connecting stroke segments' contour and corners' contour end-to-end. Anti-aliasing technology is used to make the edge of the contour fine and smooth. Finally, the path-fill algorithm is adopted to fill the inner of the contour. Our system is proved to be effective and efficient. Meanwhile, users can choose any color for the contour and the inner, which is more convenient for users' design.
The biggest loser (2015)

In 1988 a much younger Charles Lovitt and Doug Clark wrote a chapter entitled Social Issues in the Mathematics Classroom in the famous MCTP series. Three of the eight activities in that chapter deal with the issue of gambling and suggest ways in which the issue can be approached through the probability curriculum.
Torque-velocity relationship in isokinetic cycling exercise (1985)

Seven healthy female subjects performed brief (less than 10 s) periods of maximal exercise on a constant-velocity cycle ergometer, over the functional range of pedaling velocities, and an isometric contraction with each leg. There was an inverse relationship between peak torque and pedal crank velocity in all subjects; isometric torque was (mean +/- SE) 19.8 +/- 8.3% greater than the torque recorded at the slowest velocity of 11 rpm. The torque-velocity relationship was described best by a single exponential equation: y = 189.6 X e-0.0834x, where y is peak torque in Newton . meters and x is crank velocity in revolutions per minute. Peak power was a parabolic function of crank velocity; the data were fitted suitably by a second-order polynomial equation: y = -0.0589x2 + 14.504x + 47.092, where y is peak power in watts and x is crank velocity in revolutions per minute. Maximal peak power occurred at crank velocities ranging from 120 to 160 rpm, when the torque was 0.36 +/- 0.06 of the maximal isometric tension. These results demonstrate the importance of recording velocity in measurements of dynamic maximal power.
Identification of Differential Gene Pathways with Sparse Principal Component Analysis (2022)

The development of the technology makes it possible to measure large amount of genes expressions simultaneously. Since biological functions are mostly coordinated by multiple genes, called ?gene pathway?, it is interesting to identify differential gene pathways which are associated with clinical phenotype. Principal component analysis has been proposed to identify differential gene pathways in several literatures, while sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) has not drawn any attention. We proposed to use SPCA to identify differential gene pathways. The results show that, comparing to PCA, SPCA could identify more differential expressed gene pathways, especially when the higher-order interactions among genes are considered.
Robotic guidance for percutaneous interventions (2003)

Abstract A robotic system is being developed by ARC Seibersdorf Research in cooperation with the Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physics as well as Diagnostic Radiology (both located at the Vienna University Hospital) in order to assist interventional radiologists when they are doing ultrasound (US)- or computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsies. According to the requirements from clinical practice, the complete system is mounted on a mobile platform and uses video I/O as a standardized interface to the various CT and US devices in practical use. During planning of the intervention, the interventionalist can use the US or CT scans acquired before to select the skin entry point as well as the target point. After confirmation of the planning, the robot is moved to the start position using different modes of motion. Finally, the needle is manually inserted by the interventionalist. The complete intervention can be monitored and documented by means of superimposed information of the planned and real biopsy trajectory on the actual CT or US scan. A feasibility study making use of a dedicated custom-made robotic system is aimed to validate the elaborated concept. The paper describes the developed arm and the controller architecture, and gives some first results from a pre-clinical test using a needle-penetrable medical phantom. Keywords: IMAGE-GUIDED INTERVENTIONCOMPUTER-AIDED SURGERYMEDICAL ROBOTICSINTERVENTIONALRADIOLOGY BIOPSY
Guidelines for Effective Usage of Text Highlighting Techniques (2015)

Semi-automatic text analysis involves manual inspection of text. Often, different text annotations (like part-of-speech or named entities) are indicated by using distinctive text highlighting techniques. In typesetting there exist well-known formatting conventions, such as bold typeface, italics, or background coloring, that are useful for highlighting certain parts of a given text. Also, many advanced techniques for visualization and highlighting of text exist; yet, standard typesetting is common, and the effects of standard typesetting on the perception of text are not fully understood. As such, we surveyed and tested the effectiveness of common text highlighting techniques, both individually and in combination, to discover how to maximize pop-out effects while minimizing visual interference between techniques. To validate our findings, we conducted a series of crowdsourced experiments to determine: i) a ranking of nine commonly-used text highlighting techniques; ii) the degree of visual interference between pairs of text highlighting techniques; iii) the effectiveness of techniques for visual conjunctive search. Our results show that increasing font size works best as a single highlighting technique, and that there are significant visual interferences between some pairs of highlighting techniques. We discuss the pros and cons of different combinations as a design guideline to choose text highlighting techniques for text viewers.
Area 18 cell responses in cat during reversible inactivation of area 17 (1978)

1. A region of area 17 in the cat was temporarily inactivated by cooling, and cells in a topographically corresponding part of area 18 were studied during the blockage of area 17 input. 2. The responses of most area 18 cells were markedly reduced by cooling area 17 and recovered on rewarming primary visual cortex. 3. The selectivity of area 18 cells for oriented stimuli was not affected by inactivating area 17. These cells also, in general, retained their selectivities for the direction of stimulus movement and for the sign of contrast (light or dark) of a moving edge in the absence of input from area 17. 4. There was a greater decrease, on the average, of area 18 cell responses to slowly moving stimuli than to rapidly moving stimuli when area 17 was cooled; however, the exact pattern of change varied considerably from cell to cell. 5. These results suggest that cells in area 18 are to some degree dependent on input from area 17 for their responses, but to a large extent are independent in their selectivity for those stimulus parameters (orientation, direction of movement, sign of contrast) studied.