gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluoroelastomer Compatibility with Bioalcohol Fuels (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Global acceptance and use of biofuels is growing rapidly in the transportation sector. Diminishing reserves of limited and costly fossil fuel resources and a growing realization that world peak oil production will most likely occur within the next decade is driving significant investment in sustainable biofuels. Legislative, regulatory and market forces are driving developments which seek to reduce vehicle emissions, improve fuel efficiency, lower environmental greenhouse gases and strengthen the economy. The use of alternate, sustainable, renewable fuels, preferably of domestic origin, is fostering considerable investment in new technologies. One promising technology is the addition of aliphatic alcohols to gasoline and diesel fuels.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The compatibility of seal and hose materials commonly used in automotive fuel systems with conventional hydrocarbon fuels is well known. Over the past forty-five years fluorohydrocarbon elastomers have been successfully used in passenger car and truck and off-highway gasoline and petrodiesel fuel delivery and metering systems. More recently, biofuels such as ethanol have become technically and economically attractive blending constituents for gasoline and diesel fuels. These biomass fuels present their own set of material compatibility challenges to automotive fuel storage, delivery, and metering system component hardware.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this presentation the compatibility of selected fluoroelastomers with ethanol and butanol, and their respective alcohol-based blend fuels, will be reviewed. Fluoroelastomers that have historically been used for petroleum based fuels will be compared to several new types that display improved compatibility and sealing functionality with alcohol-based fuels. Accelerated long term testing results will be presented that characterize physical properties and property retention in bioalcohols through 1008 hours at 40°C. Properties relevant to sealing applications and hose will also be discussed and best in class elastomers will be highlighted, so that, in gaining a better understanding of the respective capabilities of high performance fluorohydrocarbon elastomers, the engineer may design more robust sealing systems for bioalcohol service.</div>
Approach of obstacle detection based on laser sensor and single camera (2007)

The lunar environment perception technology is the key problem for lunar rover’s automatic navigation,it is limited based on single sensor.For example,abundant information could be acquired by using of laser radar,the disadvantage is slow scan rate and higher energy consumption.In this article favorable factors of single CCD and laser radar are made full use.Sets up the information fusion system and calibrate the sensors' relative location.Firstly suppose forward stone is the obstacle.For the CCD image Fisher rule function is used to segment the stone,after filtering the stone of binary image is signed(with 1,2,…)by using 8 neighborhood algorithm.Then horizontal and vertical projection is finished to determine the borderline of the stone.Finally,according to the relationship of 320240 CCD image and 160120 laser image,the initial location of line laser scanning is computed.Now switch on the laser radar to acquire a single line laser data and after the mid value filter,hierarchical cluster is used to get the range,width and shape information of the stone.
Molecular cloning of extremely thermostable esterase gene from hyperthermophilic archaeonPyrococcus furiosus inEscherichia coli (1998)

A genomic library of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus was constructed in Escherichia coli using pBluescript II SK(+) as a cloning vector. One positive clone exhibiting thermophilic ester-hydrolyzing activity was directly detected by an in situ plate assay using the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-acetate. The plasmid isolated from the clone contained a 3.8 kb HindIII fragment from P. furiosus. Expression of active thermostable esterase in E. coli was independent of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, suggesting that the archaeal esterase gene was heterologously controlled by its own promoter sequence, not by the vector-located lac promoter. Assays of esterase activity in heat-treated extract of the recombinant E. coli showed the highest temperature optimum (100 degrees C) and thermostability (a half-life of 50 min at 126 degrees C) among esterases reported to date.
MALDI‐TOF MS‐based drug susceptibility testing of pathogens: The example of <i>Candida albicans</i> and fluconazole (2009)

MALDI-TOF MS can be used for the identification of microorganism species. We have extended its application to a novel assay of Candida albicans susceptibility to fluconazole, based on monitoring modifications of the proteome of yeast cells grown in the presence of varying drug concentrations. The method was accurate, and reliable, and showed full agreement with the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute's reference method. This proof-of-concept demonstration highlights the potential for this approach to test other pathogens.
A protocol for programmable smart cards (2004)

This paper presents an open protocol for interoperability across multi-vendor programmable smart cards. It allows exposition of on-card storage and cryptographic services to host applications in a unified, card-independent way. Its design, inspired by the standardization of on-card Java language and cryptographic API, has been kept as generic and modular as possible. The protocol security model has been designed with the aim of allowing multiple applications to use the services exposed by the same card, with either a cooperative or a no-interference approach, depending on application requirements. With respect to existing protocols for smart card interoperability, defining sophisticated card services intended to be hard-coded into the device hardware, this protocol is intended to be implemented in software on programmable smart cards.
RESPIRATORY MECHANICS AND SURFACTANT IN THE ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (1998)

1. Although abnormalities in pulmonary surfactant were initially implicated in the pathogenesis of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 30 years ago, most subsequent research has focused on mediators of the parenchymal acute lung injury (ALI) and the associated increase in alveolocapillary permeability. 2. Surfactant is essential for normal breathing and the severity of ALI correlates with surfactant dysfunction and abnormalities in surfactant composition; however, no relationship has been shown with respiratory system compliance. In neonates and most animal models, respiratory system compliance will directly reflect the elastic properties of the lung. However, the greater vertical height of the chest wall in adults, in combination with the increase in lung density due to ALI, results in dependent collapse of alveoli. Because simple, global measurement of compliance is strongly influenced by the volume of aerated lung, alternative measures of respiratory mechanics may reflect surfactant dysfunction. 3. Using a dynamic, volume-dependent model of respiratory mechanics to indirectly reflect this heterogeneous inflation, we have found direct relationships with surfactant composition in patients with ARDS. A failure of surfactant to increase surface tension in large alveoli may also explain why lung overdistension occurs at relatively low pressures. Furthermore, surfactant dysfunction will exaggerate heterogeneous lung inflation, augmenting regional overinflation, and is essential for ALI secondary to repetitive opening and closing of alveoli during tidal ventilation. 4. Ventilation-induced ALI has also been shown to result in massive increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines within the lung. Because ALI itself fails to compartmentalize cytokines, with spillover into the systemic circulation resulting in distant organ dysfunction, surfactant dysfunction may have widespread implications.
Mesoporous Nickel–Aluminum Mixed Oxide: A Promising Catalyst in Hydride‐Transfer Reactions (2010)

Abstract The design and synthesis of a new nanostructured material that can efficiently catalyze selective reduction reactions in an eco‐friendly way is an active area of research today. Here a mesoporous Ni–Al mixed oxide material has been synthesized hydrothermally by using lauric acid as capping agent. The mesoporosity observed in the material is mainly originated from the interparticle voids created due to the self‐assembly of the nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of capping agent used during the synthesis. The material has been characterized by powder XRD, N 2 sorption, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), FTIR, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA) tools. The mesoporous Ni–Al mixed‐oxide material showed a very high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area (337 m 2 g –1 ) and excellent catalytic activity in a selective liquid‐phase hydride‐transfer reduction reaction of nitroarenes to their corresponding anilines in the presence of 2‐propanol as hydride source.
Exploration of receptor binding of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (1995)

Wild type and mutant toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins were examined for their binding to midgut brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). CryIAa, CryIAb, and CryIAc were examined for their binding to Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) BBMV. The binding of CryIAa and CryIAc was directly correlated with their toxicity, while CryIAb was observed to have lower binding than expected from its toxicity. The latter observation confirms the observation of Wolfersberger (1990). The "rule" of reciprocity of binding and toxicity is apparently obeyed by CryIAa and CryIAc, but broken by CryIAb on L. dispar. Alanine substitutions were made in several positions of the putative loops of CryIAa to test the hypothesis that the loops are intimately involved in binding to the receptor. The mutant toxins showed minor shifts in heterologous binding to Bombyx mori BBMV, but not enough to conclude that the residues chosen play critical roles in receptor binding.
Information Theoretic Hierarchical Clustering (2011)

Hierarchical clustering has been extensively used in practice, where clusters can be assigned and analyzed simultaneously, especially when estimating the number of clusters is challenging. However, due to the conventional proximity measures recruited in these algorithms, they are only capable of detecting mass-shape clusters and encounter problems in identifying complex data structures. Here, we introduce two bottom-up hierarchical approaches that exploit an information theoretic proximity measure to explore the nonlinear boundaries between clusters and extract data structures further than the second order statistics. Experimental results on both artificial and real datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared to conventional and information theoretic clustering algorithms reported in the literature, especially in detecting the true number of clusters.
Interleukin-12 is critical for induction of nitric oxide-mediated immunosuppression following vaccination of mice with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (1997)

Studies from our laboratory have shown that infection of mice with an attenuated strain of Salmonella typhimurium causes a marked suppression in the capacity of splenocytes to generate an in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to sheep erythrocytes. The suppression has been shown to be mediated by mature, adherent macrophages (Mphis) and nonadherent, precursor Mphis. Nitric oxide has been identified as the suppressor factor. The present study investigated the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in the generation of nitric oxide-mediated immunosuppression in this model. Salmonella inoculation resulted in marked suppression of PFC responses and high levels of nitrite production. When mice were treated with anti-IL-12 prior to inoculation, nitrite levels in splenocyte cultures were reduced by 75% and the suppression of PFC responses was prevented. The nonadherent splenocyte fraction from Salmonella-inoculated mice, which contains precursor Mphis and is weakly immunosuppressive, was treated with IL-12 in vitro. IL-12 augmented the capacity of this fraction to suppress PFC responses by normal splenocytes in a coculture system. Additionally, IL-12 induced nitrite and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with anti-IFN-gamma blocked nitrite production and suppression, indicating that IFN-gamma is an important intermediary in the pathway of IL-12-induced immunosuppression. These results indicate that IL-12 is critical for the induction of nitric oxide-mediated immunosuppression following S. typhimurium inoculation and, through its ability to stimulate IFN-gamma production, can induce nitric oxide-producing suppressor Mphis.
Recombinant human proteinase 3, the Wegener's autoantigen, expressed in HMC‐1 cells is enzymatically active and recognized by c‐ANCA (1996)

We developed a stable expression system for conformationally intact recombinant human PR3 (rPR3) using the human mast cell line HMC-1. Like in U937 cells, the rPR3 is processed from a 34 kDa precursor to the 29 kDa mature form, primarily as the result of oligosaccharide trimming. The rPR3 binds [3H]DFP and hydrolyzes the substrate N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pNA. The enzymatic activity is inhibited by greater than 95% by alpha 1-PI. The rPR3 and the enzymatically inactive mutant rPR3-S176A are both packaged in granules. Thus, proteolytic autoprocessing is not required for PR3's targeting to granules. This rPR3 is the first to be recognized by most c-ANCA from WG patients and all anti-PR3 ANCA that were detected by standard anti-PR3 specific ELISA. This expression system for rPR3 represents a versatile tool for the analysis of its intracellular processing, structure-function relationships and interaction with autoantibodies.
Navigated Bronchoscopy (2014)

The literature review showed that the peripheral diagnostic accuracy has improved using navigated bronchoscopy compared with traditional bronchoscopy. We believe that there is room for improvement in the diagnostic success rate by further refinement of methods, approaches, and tools used in navigated bronchoscopy.
Power regulation by means of a switched capacitor (1972)

A bridge of four solid-state switches with a capacitor in one diagonal is connected in series between the supply and the load. The switches (thyristors) periodically reverse the current-flow direction through the capacitor. The load power is controlled by varying the switching frequency. The device may be used for the control of direct current and alternating current.
A graph-based multifold model for anonymizing data with attributes of multiple types (2017)

Transactional data with attributes of multiple types may be extremely useful to secondary analysis (e.g., learning models and finding patterns). However, anonymization of such data is challenging because it contains multiple types of attributes (e.g., relational and set-valued attributes). Existing privacy-preserving techniques are not applicable to address this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel graph-based multifold model to anonymize data with attributes of multiple types. Under this model, such data are modelled as a graph, and multifold privacy is guaranteed through fuzzing on sensitive attributes and converting associations among items into an uncertain form. Specifically, we define a multi-objective attack model in a graph and devise a safety parameter and algorithm to prevent such attacks. Experiments have been performed on real-life data sets to evaluate the performance.
Sunder: a programmable hardware prefetch architecture for numerical loops (1994)

Beyond data caching, data prefetching is by far the most effective way to address the memory access bottleneck associated with high-performance processors. This is particularly true for scientific programs whose working sets cannot be easily fit into the on-chip data cache. This paper proposes a new data prefetching architecture called Sunder, which combines the flexibility and accurateness of software prefetching and the transparency and low-overhead of hardware prefetching. The heart of the design is a dedicated prefetch engine that is programmable at run time by the software. An important design decision is to keep the prefetch engine completely isolated from the normal instruction execution pipeline except a loop counter to keep the two synchronized at the boundaries of loop iterations. A detailed simulation study on the Sunder architecture shows that compared to the cache-only architecture, Sunder achieves an average relative performance advantage over cache-only architectures ranging from 28% to 46%, with smaller cache block sizes leading to greater performance improvement. >
The value of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the characterisation of patients with renal masses (2010)

Renal masses are frequently incidentally found on ultrasound. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is regarded as the method of choice. Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has a high impact for characterisation of hepatic lesions. Its use in renal masses has been less comprehensively studied. Two hundred and one patients referred for surgical treatment of a renal mass, 143 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria (histology and reference method). Baseline ultrasound and CEUS with BR1, histology obtained by surgery (89%) or biopsy (11%). Eighty-eight percent of the patients had renal lesions which were malignant and 12% benign lesions. Eighty percent had renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Seven percent of the lesions were cystic. Two patients were upgraded by CEUS from CECT Bosniak II into CEUS Bosniak III resp. IV. CEUS could predict malignancy with a sensitivity, specificity, positive, negative predictive value and accuracy in 97%, 45%, 91%, 75%, and 90%. The correct staging was diagnosed by CEUS (CECT) in 83% (69%). CEUS was superior to CECT in the staging and characterisation of RCC, also in the subgroup of patients with cystic lesions. CEUS can replace CECT e.g. in patients with allergies or contraindications against CECT. Multicentre studies are necessary to confirm the findings.
2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension (2018)

The ESC/ESH Guidelines represent the views of the ESC and ESH and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge and the evidence available at the time of their dating. The ESC and ESH are not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy, and/or ambiguity between the ESC/ESH Guidelines and any other official
Transgenic models in medicine and agriculture : proceedings of a UCLA symposium held at Taos, New Mexico, January 28-February 3, 1989 (1990)

MODELS FOR TRANSGENIC SYSTEMS: Genetics of Early Embryo Survival Germline Transmission of Exogenous Genes in the Chicken Following Microinjection of Embryos with a Non-Replicating Retrovirus Vector Analyzing Embryos by the Polymerase Chain Reaction MAMMARY GLAND SECRETION IN TRANSGENICS: Hormonal Regulation of the Whey Acidic Protein Gene Promoter in Transgenic Mice Expression of Foreign Genes in the Lactating Mammary Gland of Transgenic Animals TRANSGENIC MODELS IN AGRICULTURE: Factors in the Success of Transgenic Pig Programs Expression and Mobility of Retroviral Inserts in the Chicken Germ Line TRANSGENIC FISH PRODUCTION: Regulation of Rainbow Trout Metallothionein Genes Gene Transfer, Expression and Inheritance of Rainbow Trout and Human Growth Hormone Genes in Carp and Loach Antifreeze Protein Expression in Transgenic Salmon.
Special Make-Up Effects (1991)

Special Make-Up Effects concentrates on the genre of horror characters and other special creations (fantasy, sci-fi, etc), giving tips about the materials, techniques, and 'tricks of the trade' necessary to create unique make-up effects. This focused volume is a scaled-down version of Vincent Kehoe's encyclopedic reference for professional make-up artists. It contains new segments and photographs. This book shows how many of cinema's most famous characters and effects were developed. It gives students and make-up artists the techniques they need to perform their own magic.
The Doublecortin Gene Family and Disorders of Neuronal Structure (2010)

The doublecortin gene family is associated with subcortical band heterotopia, lissencephaly, epilepsy, developmental dyslexia and retinitis pigmentosa. At least 11 genes homologous to the doublecortin gene exist in humans and mice. Cellular processes regulated by different members of the doublecortin family involve neuronal migration, neurogenesis and eye receptor development. Underlying mechanisms include regulation of cytoskeletal structure and microtubule-based transport. Through their doublecortin-domains, doublecortin proteins can bind microtubules and regulate microtubule-dependent processes. However, this regulation is complex and involves many interacting proteins. Moreover, different spatiotemporal expression patterns and the generation of splice variants further contribute to this complexity. The doublecortin-like kinase 1 gene in particular, produces splice variants with different protein domains such as doublecortin-domains, a serine, threonine and proline-rich domain and a serine/threonine kinase-domain. Here, we review our current knowledge on the doublecortin gene family with an emphasis on proteins interacting with doublecortin domains and other domains. In addition, to generate new hypotheses for further research, we analyzed the serine, threonine and proline-rich domain for predicted protein interactions.
A Convenient Method for the Determination of Hepatic Laurie Acid ω-Oxidation Based on Solvent Partition (1991)

Assessment of hepatic ω-oxidation of fatty acids by cytochrome P450IV enzymes in toxicology studies can be a means of evaluating test compound effects on peroxisomal proliferation. Routine assay of ω-oxidation, however, requires a simpler method of enzymatic analysis than currently described GC, TLC, or HPLC methods. A method depending upon selective solvent separation of radiolabeled lauric acid from radiolabeled 11- or 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid has been developed. Following enzymatic incubation and addition of 15% methanol to the acidified postincubation mixtures, partitioning with an aJkane solvent such as iso-octane, cyclohexajie, or n-hexane separated the lauric acid and the hydroxylated products into two immiscible phases. Approximately 97% of the substrate partitioned into the organic phase, and approximately 84% of the hydroxylated products partitioned into the aqueous phase. Subsequent quantitation of the enzymatic activity required only liquid scintillation counting of the aqueous phase. Hepatic ho-mogenates from male rats treated with 0.01, 0.05, 0.125, and 0.25% clofibric acid in the diet for 7 days had enzyme levels 1.3, 6.1, 11.1, or 15.9 times control values, respectively, when assayed by a conventional TLC method, and 1.3, 5.3, 12.3, or 15.3 times control values when assayed by the solvent partition method. The data indicate that the partition method demonstrates comparable sensitivity and better precision and linearity than a more conventional TLC method when induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes in rats is studied.
P2.9 - Seizure Prediction in Epilepsy and Reaction Diffusion Cellular Nonlinear Networks (RD-CNNs) (2015)

The seizure prediction problem has been addressed by many researchers from very different fields for more than three decades. The vision of an implantable seizure prediction device may become reality now: the first clinical study of such a device has been realized very recently and other realizations are not far behind. Despite promising first results, however, up to now there is no method allowing an automated seizure prediction with sufficient sensitivity and specificity required for broad clinical application..