gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plague--perspectives on a rare disease. (1984)

One of a series of articles from western state public health departments A a result of medical journal articles and media coverage, practitioners are probably aware that plague is enzootic in the American West and that more cases of plague in humans (40) were reported in 1983 than in any single year since 1920 (50 cases with 29 deaths).'Because physicians are familiar with the basic epidemiologic and clinical features of Yersinia pestis infection or have ready access to this information, I will discuss selected historical, social and scientific aspects of the disease.The history of plague is highly dramatic, which ac- counts for the elevation of its name to the symbolic level and to the generic term for pestilence-whether of infectious disease or football team injuries.Several recent books (perhaps reflecting current apocalyptic preoccupations) provide well-written accounts of the Western world's most fearsome plague episode, the Black Death of 1348 through 1351.2-4However, the history of plague in our hemisphere is less well ap preciated.The most recent pandemic of plague, which ap- parently started in China in the mid-1800s, spread to this country via the time-honored routes of trade, in this case commercial maritime activity.'As a result, rodent plague was introduced into port cities of the Pacific coast.The first documented human plague case in this country occurred in 1899, diagnosed in a Japanese sea- man in San Francisco.'By the following year, human cases were occurring among US residents, presumably from exposure to an urban rat-flea complex.'From 1900 to 1907, nearly all of the 318 human cases re- ported in this country resulted from urban plague ex- posure.Then, in 1908 plague infections acquired from a wild rodent-flea complex were reported from Contra Costa County, California.'This signaled a new era in American plague, as the disease moved steadily out- wards from port cities into rodent populations inhabiting (Mann J: Plague-Perspectives on a rare disease [Public Health
Multicenter trial comparing tramadol and morphine for pain after abdominal surgery. (1998)

Seventy patients (40 male, 30 female), mean (SD) age 60.8 +/- 13.7 years were treated with parenteral morphine (10 mg/1 ml ampul) or tramadol (100 mg/2 ml ampul) to verify their analgesic effects in pain following abdominal surgery. The multicenter trial followed an open, controlled experimental design between patients, randomized within the centers. The drugs were given by intramuscular injection, as requested by patients, starting in the postoperative period when pain was more than 70 mm, assessed on a visual analog scale. Patients were allowed up to six ampuls of tramadol or morphine in the 24-h trial but in the first 4 h, if they asked for supplementary analgesic, only diclofenac (75 mg in a 3-ml ampul) was allowed. Both test drugs gave rapid and constant pain relief. After the first dose, pain intensity was reduced 36.2% with tramadol, and 51% with morphine; the pain-free interval was similar for both treatments. The quality of sleep and the number of hours of sleep the night after surgery were similar for both groups. Tramadol was tolerated better, giving rise to no untoward reactions; with morphine there was one case of mild respiratory depression. In abdominal surgery, therefore, tramadol given by intramuscular injection has postoperative analgesic activity similar to morphine, but is better tolerated.
Gastrointestinal contrast agents: A diamagnetic approach (1988)

The clay minerals kaolin and bentonite are demonstrated as gastrointestinal contrast agents for MRI. Weak field dependence of the relaxation efficiency assures effectiveness of these agents at all field strengths in clinical use. These agents eliminate signals from their immediate environment and are not toxic.
A Novel LC System Embeds Analytes in Pre-formed Gradients for Rapid, Ultra-robust Proteomics (2018)

To further integrate mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics into biomedical research and especially into clinical settings, high throughput and robustness are essential requirements. They are largely met in high-flow rate chromatographic systems for small molecules but these are not sufficiently sensitive for proteomics applications. Here we describe a new concept that delivers on these requirements while maintaining the sensitivity of current nano-flow LC systems. Low-pressure pumps elute the sample from a disposable trap column, simultaneously forming a chromatographic gradient that is stored in a long storage loop. An auxiliary gradient creates an offset, ensuring the re-focusing of the peptides before the separation on the analytical column by a single high-pressure pump. This simplified design enables robust operation over thousands of sample injections. Furthermore, the steps between injections are performed in parallel, reducing overhead time to a few minutes and allowing analysis of more than 200 samples per day. From fractionated HeLa cell lysates, deep proteomes covering more than 130,000 sequence unique peptides and close to 10,000 proteins were rapidly acquired. Using this data as a library, we demonstrate quantitation of 5200 proteins in only 21 min. Thus, the new system - termed Evosep One - analyzes samples in an extremely robust and high throughput manner, without sacrificing in depth proteomics coverage.
Solar Photovoltaic System: A Case Study of Akure, Nigeria (2017)

Erratic supply of electricity to residential buildings has led many occupants/owners to source for alternative sources to complement the epileptic supply from the National Grid. The sun produces energy expense-free, which is being untapped in this part of the country and thus the energy of the sun is being wasted. This energy can easily be converted to electric power for use in both in residential areas and industrial sectors through solar photovoltaic (PV) system. This paper assessed the level of awareness, adoption and barriers as related to solar PV system in Akure by assessing one hundred and fifty (150) residential buildings randomly with a structured questionnaire administered to the occupants/owners. The findings revealed that; a large percentage of the residential buildings make use of diesel/petrol generating set as an alternative to the National grid, that the level of awareness of solar PV is significantly low, the willingness to adopt is high but it’s hindered by cost implication of the system. The study’s findings contribute to the growing literature in the adoption of renewable energy for electricity generation, highlighted the major barriers hindering this for effective solutions to be proffer. It also provides a prospective market for those interested in the solar energy market.
Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 regulates adhesion and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells (2014)

Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2), also known as anthrax toxin receptor 2, has been indicated in the formation of new vasculature and in the internalisation of the anthrax toxin. Anti-angiogenesis therapy that targets this molecule has been investigated. However, our recent studies of this molecule have indicated that this gene may also play certain roles in cancer cells. The present study aimed to examine the expression of CMG2 in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines, and also its impact on cellular functions. The expression of CMG2 was detectable in normal and prostate cancer tissues. The prostate cancer cell lines appeared to have relatively high expression compared with the prostatic epithelial cells. Knockdown of CMG2 impaired the adherence of the prostate cancer cells. CMG2 overexpression resulted in decreasing invasiveness, while the knockdown of CMG2 contrastingly enhanced this ability. The altered expression of CMG2 in the prostate cancer cells did not affect the <i>in vitro</i> or <i>in vivo</i> growth of the cells. Taken together, these results show that CMG2 is expressed in prostatic epithelia and cancer cells. In addition to its role in the angiogenesis and the internalisation of anthrax toxin, CMG2 also plays an important role in regulating the adhesion and invasion of prostate cancer cells.
Abstract 18251: Sirt1 Mediates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure in vivo (2011)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of the failing heart. Sirt1, a class III histone deacetylase, plays an important role in mediating transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes in response to stress. The function of endogenous Sirt1 during heart failure is poorly understood. Here we investigated the role of Sirt1 in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and failure using genetically altered mouse models, namely cardiac specific Sirt1 heterozygous (Sirt1 +/- ) and homozygous (Sirt1 -/- ) knockout (KO) (C57BL/6) and Sirt1 overexpression (Tg-Sirt1) mice (FVB). These mice were subjected to pressure overload with transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Notably, C57BL/6 mice are more susceptible to TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and failure than FVB mice. Cardiac hypertrophy induced by 4 weeks of TAC was exacerbated in Tg-Sirt1 (heart weight/body weight (HW/BW, mg/g), Wild type (WT) 6.0, Tg-Sirt1 8.4*, p<0.05 vs WT), whereas it was ameliorated in Sirt1 KO mice (HW/BW, (mg/g), WT 7.9, Sirt1 +/- 6.9*, Sirt1 -/- 6.0*, * p<0.05 vs WT). TAC-induced systolic dysfunction was also exacerbated in Tg-Sirt1 (ejection fraction (EF) (%), WT 71, Tg-Sirt1 48*, p<0.05 vs WT), whereas it was ameliorated in Sirt1 KO mice (EF (%), WT 55, Sirt1 +/- 65*, Sirt1 -/- 63*, * p<0.05 vs WT). The expression of nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes, such as Cpt2, Sdha, Fh1 and Ndufv1, was downregulated by TAC in WT mice, an effect that was normalized in Sirt1 -/- mice (relative mRNA levels vs WT sham, Sdha: WT TAC 0.56, Sirt1 -/- sham 1.2, Sirt1 -/- TAC 0.81*, Ndufv1: WT TAC 0.59, Sirt1 -/- sham 0.84, Sirt1 -/- TAC 1.1*, * p<0.05 vs WT TAC). On the other hand, ATP content was decreased in Tg-Sirt1 mice after TAC (45% reduction vs WT). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that pressure overload induces recruitment of Sirt1 to the promoter region of these mitochondrial genes (relative promoter occupancy after 4 weeks of TAC, Cpt2 2.6*, Sdha 7.4*, Fh1 5.4*, Ndufv1 5.6*, * p<0.05 vs sham), indicating that endogenous Sirt1 interacts with mitochondrial genes, thereby negatively regulating their expression during TAC. These results suggest that Sirt1 mediates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and failure, possibly through attenuation of mitochondrial function.
Suppression of Spurious Triple-Transit Signals in Acoustic Surface-Wave Delay Lines (1972)

Spurious triple-transit signals can be rejected through phase cancellation by rotation of one transducer with respect to the other or by use of a triangular-shaped metal film in the path between parallel transducers. Rejection is facilitated by slightly limiting the aperture via mechanical surface loading. The technique is demonstrated to give high triple-transit suppression in delay lines with 20-electrode-pair transducers that give specular acoustic reflections. The technique is not found to be useful for conjugate-matched 5-electrode-pair transducers, which are shown to give acoustic reflections normal to the electrodes.
Field emission from zinc oxide nanopins (2003)

Nanostructural zinc oxide pins have been fabricated by vapor transport on copper-coated silicon wafer. The nanopins are composed of hexagonal wurtzite-phase zinc oxide with single crystal quality. The growth process includes two steps: (1) growth of a micron-sized zinc oxide dot on the substrate and (2) growth of a sharp tip from the zinc oxide dot. The field emission of the nanopins shows a low field emission threshold (1.92 V/μm at a current density of 0.1 μA/cm−2) and high current density with a field enhancement factor of 657. The emission current density and the electric field follow Fowler–Nordheim relationship. The good performance for field emission is attributed to the single-crystalline structure and the nanopin geometry.
Parallel Computing Solution for Capacity Expansion Network Flow Optimization Problems (2012)

In classical linear network flow (LNF) problems, a network consists of multiple source and sink nodes, where each node is a sink node or a source node, but not both. Usually, there is only one kind of commodity flow and the goal is to find flow schedules and routes such that all sink nodes’ flow demands are satisfied and the total flow transmission cost is minimized. We develop a capacity expansion multicommodity network flow (CEMNF) problem, in which the total commodity supply is less than the total commodity demand. There are more than one kind of commodities and each node is a commodity flow generator, as well as a consumer. It is allowed to do expansion for commodity flow generation capacities at each node and also to do expansion for commodity flow capacities of each arc so that more flow can be transmitted among nodes. Thus, CEMNF is not only a commodity flow routing problem, but also a commodity generation and flow planning problem, in which the increasing commodity demands need to be satisfied by generation/transmission capacity expansions. The goal of CEMNF problems is to find the flow routes and capacity expansion plans such that all flow demands are satisfied and the total cost of routing and planning is minimized. High-performance distributed computing algorithms have been designed to solve classical linear network flow (LNF) problems have been proposed. Solving the general CEMNF problems by high-performance distributed computing algorithms is an open research question. The LNF problems can be formulated as linear programming models and algorithms have been proposed to solve them efficiently on distributed computing platforms. But, the constraints of the CEMNF problems do not allow them to solve using the same methodology. In this paper, we also develop a transformation method to transform CEMNF problems into LNF problems in polynomial time and space complexity to solve them efficiently on distributed computing platforms. The results show that we can solve CEMNF problems with high performance.
A MEMS-based variable micro-lens system (2006)

We present a tunable liquid micro-lens system exhibiting a tuning range of back focal length between 2.3 mm and infinity achieved by applying a voltage of 0–45 V. The lens actuation mechanism is based on electro-wetting on dielectrics (EWOD) and the system is fabricated in MEMS technology. In this system, two density-matched optical fluids are located in a centring structure which was defined by an anisotropic etching process. The system design provides an initial back focal length of a few millimetres and is robust against shocks and vibrations.
Energy Absorption in Composite Tubes (1982)

The collapse characteristics and energy absorption of a variety of tubes made in glass, graphite and Kevlar fiber composites have been examined. Tubes made from glass or graphite fibers collapsed by a fracture mode. There was a critical range of tube geometry over which stable collapse occurred with high energy absorption; thinner wall tubes tended to collapse in an unstable manner with lower energy absorption. Changes in the lay-up which increased the modulus increased the energy absorption of the tube. Tubes made from, or including Kevlar fiber, tended to collapse in an unstable mode by buckling rather than by fracture, which led to low values for specific energy absorption.
Dithiocarbamate Assembly on Gold (2005)

Au surfaces are functionalized by stable dithiocarbamate ligands when exposed to carbon disulfide and secondary amines. The adsorbed dithiocarbamates are robust under a wide pH range and can resist displacement by other chemisorptive surfactants, providing an attractive method for conjugating sensitive molecules onto metal surfaces.
Topographic Studies of the GroEL-GroES Chaperonin Complex by Chemical Cross-linking Using Diformyl Ethynylbenzene (2010)

Many essential cellular processes depend upon the self-assembly of stable multiprotein entities. The architectures of the vast majority of these protein machines remain unknown because these structures are difficult to obtain by biophysical techniques alone. However, recent progress in defining the architecture of protein complexes has resulted from integrating information from all available biochemical and biophysical sources to generate computational models. Chemical cross-linking is a technique that holds exceptional promise toward achieving this goal by providing distance constraints that reflect the topography of protein complexes. Combined with the available structural data, these constraints can yield three-dimensional models of higher order molecular machines. However, thus far the utility of cross-linking has been thwarted by insufficient yields of cross-linked products and tandem mass spectrometry methods that are unable to unambiguously establish the identity of the covalently labeled peptides and their sites of modification. We report the cross-linking of amino moieties by 1,3-diformyl-5-ethynylbenzene (DEB) with analysis by high resolution electron transfer dissociation. This new reagent coupled with this new energy deposition technique addresses these obstacles by generating cross-linked peptides containing two additional sites of protonation relative to conventional cross-linking reagents. In addition to excellent coverage of sequence ions by electron transfer dissociation, DEB cross-linking produces gas-phase precursor ions in the 4+, 5+, or 6+ charge states that are readily segregated from unmodified and dead-end modified peptides using charge-dependent precursor selection of only quadruply and higher charge state ions. Furthermore, electron transfer induces dissociation of the DEB-peptide bonds to yield diagnostic ion signals that reveal the "molecular ions" of the unmodified peptides. We demonstrate the power of this strategy by cross-linking analysis of the 21-protein, ADP-bound GroEL-GroES chaperonin complex. Twenty-five unique sites of cross-linking were determined.
A revision of the synthesis of some polycyclic systems related to benzoheteroquinolizidines (1980)

Abstract The preparation of 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐ N ‐2‐(3‐benzo[ b ]thienyl)ethylpyridinium bromide, 5‐methoxy‐carbonyl‐ N ‐2‐(3‐benzo[ b ]thienyl)ethyl‐1,2,3,4‐ tetrahydropyridine and (1RS,12bRS)‐1‐methoxycarbonyl(benzo‐[ b ]thienyl[2,3‐ a ]quinolizidine is described. Some observations dealing with different methods discussed in the literature for the synthesis of such polycyclic systems are reported.
Optical and compositional studies of SiN thin films with conventional and synchrotron radiation ellipsometry (1993)

Conventional spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and synchrotron radiation spectroscopic ellipsometry (SRE) measurements were used to study SiN thin films grown with different techniques. The SiN films were chosen to have low oxygen and hydrogen content (&lt;5%). Analysis of the dielectric function (ε) spectra measured by SE and SRE with the tetrahedron model and in conjunction with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) results shows that the dielectric function can be indicative of the stoichiometry of the materials. In addition, we apply a theoretical model to estimate major optical parameters characterizing the materials, such as the fundamental and Penn gaps, the refractive index and the thickness. Furthermore, the film thickness estimated by SE coincides within 10% with that calculated by other techniques, while the stoichiometry is found almost identical with the one estimated from RBS and systematically smaller than the one calculated by Auger sputter profiling.
Carnitine Metabolism and Function in Humans (1986)

It is apparent from the foregoing discussion that carnitine plays an essential role in human intermediary metabolism. The question of a dietary requirement for carnitine, particularly for the human infant, is of significant theoretical and practical interest. Aberrant carnitine metabolism resulting from abnormal genetic or acquired conditions may have serious consequences for the affected individual. At present many of the treatment modalities for carnitine deficiency are empirical. Further clarification of the mechanisms by which carnitine depletion is manifest in these conditions is essential for designing treatment programs. Moreover, therapeutic use of carnitine in several human diseases not involving carnitine deficiency per se has been indicated. Before such treatment becomes generally accepted, we must determine precisely the role of this amino acid in the biochemical and physiological events that participate in the pathogenesis of each disease.
SNR-invariant PLDA with multiple speaker subspaces (2016)

To deal with the mismatch between the enrollment and test utterances caused by noise with different signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), we have recently proposed an SNR-invariant PLDA model for robust speaker verification. In the model, SNR-specific information were separated from speaker-specific information through marginalizing out the SNR factors during the scoring process. However, this modeling approach assumes that speaker variabilities can be captured by a single speaker subspace regardless of the noise level of the utterances. We will show in this paper that i-vectors extracted from utterances with different noise levels will shift to different regions of the i-vector space and that i-vectors extracted from utterances having similar SNR tend to cluster together. In view of this observation, we propose introducing multiple speaker subspaces to the SNR-invariance PLDA model and use multiple covariance matrices to represent SNR-dependent channel variability. Through NIST 2012 SRE, this paper demonstrates that this finer and more precise modeling of speaker and SNR variabilities leads to better performance when compared with the conventional PLDA and SNR-invariant PLDA.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Rapid Commun. 21/2006 (2006)

Cover: An electrodeposition process is used to be an effective means of nanocomposite assembly directly onto Cu electrodes. This approach enables the simultaneous formation of the hybrid nanocomposite containing BaTiO 3 nanoparticles covered with PMMA and Al metallic inclusions. Stabilization of colloidal BaTiO 3 suspensions by the adsorbed PMMA is achieved. The hybrid three phase nanocomposites were assembled on Cu electrodes by incorporating Al nitrate salt into the suspension. Further details can be found in the article by D.‐W. Kim, * D.‐H. Lee, B.‐K. Kim, H.‐J. Je, and J.‐G. Park on page 1821.
Apoptosis of Ewing's sarcoma cells is accompanied by accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. (1997)

Induction of apoptosis in Ewing's sarcoma cells by ionizing radiation is accompanied by accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins preferentially in the form of conjugates with M(r) greater than 75,000. Furthermore, enhanced antiubiquitin immunofluorescence was detected only in cells that underwent radiation-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the observed alterations in protein ubiquitination are specific to the apoptotic process. To determine the role of the proteasome in apoptosis-associated accumulation of ubiquitin-protein conjugates, we used lactacystin, a highly selective inhibitor of proteasome proteolytic activity. Exposure of Ewing's sarcoma cells to lactacystin resulted in accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and activation of a Bcl-2-sensitive apoptotic pathways. The latter led to proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and fragmentation of nuclear DNA. These findings suggest that proteasome function is required for apoptosis-specific accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and indicate that functional disorder of the ubiquitin-proteasome system may play an important role in the apoptotic cell death pathway.