gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Gas in Elliptical Galaxies (2001)

The distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas in elliptical galaxies give information on the origin and history of the gas and the rate of star formation activity in ellipticals. I describe some preliminary results of a survey which will more than double the number of elliptical galaxies with resolved molecular distributions.
Enhancing HSP70-ShRNA transfection in 22RV1 prostate cancer cells by combination of sonoporation, liposomes and HTERT/CMV chimeric promoter (2013)

Gene therapy is a potentially viable approach for treating hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), it requires efficient delivery systems and a target gene. Inducing carcinoma cell apoptosis by inhibition of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) overexpression has been emerging as an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. In our study, the high tumor-specificity of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (HTERT) expression prompted the use of an HTERT/cytomegalovirus (CMV) chimeric promoter to drive HSP70-ShRNA expression to induce HRPC 22RV1 cell apoptosis. At the same time, sonoporation induced by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) was utilized for delivery of plasmid loaded with HTERT/CMV promoter. Our results indicated the combination of sonoporation, low-dose liposomes and HTERT/CMV chimeric promoter as a delivery system has the potential to promote efficient gene transfer with lower cytotoxicity.
Crack Growth and Lifetime of Concrete under Long Time Loading (1997)

Edge-notched eccentrically compressed fracture specimens made of aggregate of reduced size are loaded in standard creep test frames. Measurements of the time rate of crack mouth opening in notched concrete specimens subjected to constant load of almost one month duration are reported and analyzed. To reveal the size effect, geometrically similar specimens of four sizes in the ratio 1:2:4:8 are tested. The results are successfully described by a previously proposed time-dependent generalization of the R-curve model, in which the rate of crack growth is a function of the ratio of the stress intensity factor to the R-curve, and linear aging viscoelastic creep in the bulk of the specimen is treated according to the operator method. Good predictions are also obtained with a simplified method in which the R-curve is replaced by a constant asymptotic value of the critical stress intensity factor and creep is handled in similarity to the effective modulus method, neglecting the history effect. The time curves of crack opening terminate with an infinite slope, indicating the lifetime. The finiteness of the lifetime is not caused by creep, but by time-dependent crack growth, which dominates the final stage of crack opening. The initial stage of crack opening, on the other hand, is dominated by creep. Tests are conducted both for concretes of normal strength of 33.4 MPa (4,847 psi) in compression and relatively high strength of 46.4 MPa (6,442 psi). For the stronger concrete, the lifetimes are found to be longer. An increase of specimen size is found to decrease the lifetime. Since the same type of model was previously shown capable of describing all other known time-dependent fracture phenomena in concrete, a rather general applicability may be expected.
Poly-Si/SiO/sub 2/ laminated walk-off polarizer having a beam-splitting angle of more than 20 (1998)

A spatial walk-off polarizer having a split angle of more than 20/spl deg/ in both the 1.3 and 1.5 /spl mu/m wavelength regions has been fabricated for the first time. The polarizer consists of alternate laminated layers of poly-Si and silica. The new polarizer makes the best use of the characteristics of crystal Si, namely high refractive index, and low absorption coefficients in the longer wavelength regions. A rather simplified fabrication process that utilizes the RF sputtering method is also proposed, in which only the oxygen-intake valve is used to control the deposition of poly-Si and silica layers from a single-crystal Si target. The fabricated polarizer has beam splitting angles as large as 22 and 21/spl deg/ at wavelengths of 1.30 and 1.55 /spl mu/m, respectively, being roughly four times larger than those of rutile or calcite.
Graphene hydrate: theoretical prediction of a new insulating form of graphene (2010)

Using first-principles calculations, we show that the formation of carbohydrates directly from carbon and water is energetically favored when graphene is subjected to an unequal chemical environment across the two sides, with a difference in the chemical potential of protons and hydroxyl groups. The resultant carbohydrate structure is two-dimensional (2D), with the hydrogen atoms exclusively attached on one side of the graphene and the hydroxyl groups on the other side, the latter forming a herringbone reconstruction that optimizes hydrogen bonding. We show that graphene undergoes a metal–insulator transition upon hydration that is readily detectable from the significant shift in the vibration spectrum. The hydrate form of graphene offers new applications for graphene in electronics, either deposited on a substrate or in solution.
Effect of embryonic photostimulation on the posthatch growth of turkey poults (2003)

Artificial illumination, including light quality, is important in modern meat-type poultry management. In the present study, the effect of in ovo monochromatic green light photostimulation on posthatch growth of turkey poults was investigated. In experiment 1, 182 turkey eggs were divided into two light treatment groups (n = 91). The first group was intermittently photostimulated (3 min on and 3 min off) with green light provided by five light-emitting diodes (LED) per egg at 0.1 W/m2 at the upper eggshell surface. The second group was incubated in the dark and served as the control. Posthatch BW were recorded at 0, 2, 6, 13, 20, 28, 35, and 59 d of age. A heavier BW, occurring at 28 d of age and persisting until the end of the experiment (59 d of age), was observed in the in ovo green light stimulated females as compared to their corresponding controls. In experiment 2, 273 turkey eggs were divided into three light treatment groups (n = 91). The first group was intermittently photostimulated (15 min on and 15 min off) with green light provided by seven LED per egg at 0.14 W/m2. The second group was photostimulated with white light provided by one mini-incandescent lamp per egg at light intensity and schedule similar to the first group. Eggs of the third group were incubated in the dark and served as controls. Posthatch BW were recorded at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 79 d of age. No differences were found among the BW of males incubated under different light conditions. As in experiment 1, female turkeys with stimulated green light in ovo had greater BW compared to their corresponding control and white light groups from 28 d of age until termination of the experiment at 79 d of age. Breast muscle weight was greater in female turkeys incubated under green light when compared to white and dark incubation treatment groups. We suggest that in ovo green light photostimulation enhances the posthatch BW of female turkey poults.
Detailed analysis of the gate delay variability in partially depleted SOI CMOS circuits (2003)

Circuit design using partially depleted (PD) SOI FETs must take into account a variable gate delay which is dependent on the switching history of the circuits (Gautier et al, 1997; Houston and Unnikrishnan, 1998). In order to fully exploit the advantages of SOI, it is important to understand and analyze such 'history effects' and consider them for an optimized design strategy. In this paper, we describe a methodology suitable to analyze PD SOI CMOS circuits, including a new algorithm for dynamic equilibrium computations, a task that is not practicable with standard circuit simulators because of the very slow evolution of the body potential (time constants up to ms (Assaderaghi et al., 1996)). Simulation results for a 0.2 /spl mu/m technology are given, showing the importance of design and application parameters with regard to the history effect.
Contribution of the hydrophobicity gradient to the secondary structure and activity of fusogenic peptides (1999)

Fusogenic peptides belong to a class of helical amphipathic peptides characterized by a hydrophobicity gradient along the long helical axis. According to the prevailing theory regarding the mechanism of action of fusogenic peptides, this hydrophobicity gradient causes the tilted insertion of the peptides in membranes, thus destabilizing the lipid core and, thereby, enhancing membrane fusion. To assess the role of the hydrophobicity gradient upon the fusogenic activity, two of these fusogenic peptides and several variants were synthesized. The LCAT-(57-70) peptide, which is part of the sequence of the lipolytic enzyme lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, forms stable beta-sheets in lipids, while the apolipoprotein A-II (53-70) peptide remains predominantly helical in membranes. The variant peptides were designed through amino acid permutations, to be either parallel, perpendicular, or to retain an oblique orientation relative to the lipid-water interface. Peptide-induced vesicle fusion was monitored by lipid-mixing experiments, using fluorescent probes, the extent of peptide-lipid association, the conformation of lipid-associated peptides and their orientation in lipids, were studied by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy. A comparison of the properties of the wild-type and variant peptides shows that the hydrophobicity gradient, which determines the orientation of helical peptides in lipids and their fusogenic activity, further influences the secondary structure and lipid binding capacity of these peptides.
End to End Automation on Cloud with Build Pipeline: The Case for DevOps in Insurance Industry, Continuous Integration, Continuous Testing, and Continuous Delivery (2015)

In modern environment, delivering innovative idea in a fast and reliable manner is extremely significant for any organizations. In the existing scenario, Insurance industry need to better respond to dynamic market requirements, faster time to market for new initiatives and services, and support innovative ways of customer interaction. In past few years, the transition to cloud platforms has given benefits such as agility, scalability, and lower capital costs but the application lifecycle management practices are slow with this disruptive change. DevOps culture extends the agile methodology to rapidly create applications and deliver them across environment in automated manner to improve performance and quality assurance. Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous delivery (CD) has emerged as a boon for traditional application development and release management practices to provide the capability to release quality artifacts continuously to customers with continuously integrated feedback. The objective of the paper is to create a proof of concept for designing an effective framework for continuous integration, continuous testing, and continuous delivery to automate the source code compilation, code analysis, test execution, packaging, infrastructure provisioning, deployment, and notifications using build pipeline concept.
Integrated heat treatment – Comparison of different machine concepts (2006)

Heat treatment of machine components or automotive parts traditionally is done at separate facilities or companies. Very effective manufacturing becomes possible if heat treatment processes can be integrated in line to avoid logistics and to save time and money. The need of qualified heat treatment experts prevents manufactures from applying heat treatment technologies so far. Laser heat treatment is very suitable for integration in production lines. And with a certain amount of hard- and software tools it becomes possible to decrease the barrier of applying heat treatment in production lines. A short overview over latest developments of these tools is given. In the framework of governmental supported and industrial projects a wide variety of solutions have been installed during the last years. A comparison gives answers which concept suites best for different conditions of for instance mass production and or single part manufacturing.
Journal publishing with Acrobat: the CAJUN project (1993)

The publication of material in electronic form should ideally preserve, in a unified document representation, all of the richness of the printed document while maintaining enough of its underlying structure to enable searching and other forms of semantic processing. Until recently it has been hard to find a document representation which combined these attributes and which also stood some chance of becoming a de facto multi-platform standard. \n\nThis paper sets out experience gained within the Electronic Publishing Research Group at the University of Nottingham in using Adobe Acrobat software and its underlying PDF (Portable Document Format) notation. The CAJUN project1 (CD-ROM Acrobat Journals Using Networks) began in 1993 and has used Acrobat software to produce electronic versions of journal papers for network and CD-ROM dissemination. The paper describes the project's progress so far and also gives a brief assessment of PDF's suitability as a universal document interchange standard.
Fuel processing catalysts based on nanoscale ceria (2001)

The water-gas shift (WGS) reactor is a key component in fuel processors, but existing WGS catalysts are unsuitable for transportation applications, since the iron-chrome catalysts used at high temperatures are relatively inactive, and the copper-based catalysts used at low temperature tend to degrade under the severe conditions encountered in an automotive system. NexTech Materials has developed hydrothermal synthesis methods for dispersed suspensions of nanoscale ceria and ceria-zirconia, to give more active WGS catalyst, as well as more efficient and rugged catalyst packaging. The resulting WGS reactors based on ceramic monoliths loaded with Pt/ceria catalysts provide a technically viable and cost-effective option for automotive fuel processors.
Preventing Myopia (2017)

Effective pharmacological and optical measures are now available to lessen the progression of myopia. The increasing prevalence of myopia should motivate pediatricians, parents, and schools to pay attention to risk factors such as close-up work and lack of daylight exposure, particularly in view of the increased use of digital media.
Assessment of the In Vivo Toxicity of Gold Nanoparticles (2009)

The environmental impact of nanoparticles is evident; however, their toxicity due to their nanosize is rarely discussed. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) may serve as a promising model to address the size-dependent biological response to nanoparticles because they show good biocompatibility and their size can be controlled with great precision during their chemical synthesis. Naked GNPs ranging from 3 to 100 nm were injected intraperitoneally into BALB/C mice at a dose of 8 mg/kg/week. GNPs of 3, 5, 50, and 100 nm did not show harmful effects; however, GNPs ranging from 8 to 37 nm induced severe sickness in mice. Mice injected with GNPs in this range showed fatigue, loss of appetite, change of fur color, and weight loss. Starting from day 14, mice in this group exhibited a camel-like back and crooked spine. The majority of mice in these groups died within 21 days. Injection of 5 and 3 nm GNPs, however, did not induce sickness or lethality in mice. Pathological examination of the major organs of the mice in the diseased groups indicated an increase of Kupffer cells in the liver, loss of structural integrity in the lungs, and diffusion of white pulp in the spleen. The pathological abnormality was associated with the presence of gold particles at the diseased sites, which were verified by ex vivo Coherent anti-Stoke Raman scattering microscopy. Modifying the surface of the GNPs by incorporating immunogenic peptides ameliorated their toxicity. This reduction in the toxicity is associated with an increase in the ability to induce antibody response. The toxicity of GNPs may be a fundamental determinant of the environmental toxicity of nanoparticles.
Principles of nanowire alignment in an electric field (2011)

Alignment of semiconductor and metal nanowires in the electric field created by a periodic system of planar electrodes was studied theoretically. The alignment depends dramatically on the relationship between the nanowire length L, separation between electrodes a, and electrode width b as well as on the nanowire dielectric constant ɛ compared to that of the environment ɛ0. For ɛ&gt;ɛ0 nanowires tend to align orthogonal to the electrode edges, following the average direction of electric field. Their particular position relative to the electrodes depends on L and was calculated for different values of L/a and b/a. For ɛ&lt;ɛ0 long nanowires, with L &gt; a, align parallel to the electrode edges (perpendicular to the field) while those with L &lt; a.
Review on Polymer, Hydrogel and Microgel Metal Nanocomposites: A Facile Nanotechnological Approach (2007)

The incorporation of metal nanoparticles into polymers has resulted in the origination of a new class of materials that have found fascinating interest in biomedical, catalytic, optical and electronic as well as quantum‐size domain applications. This review article describes different strategies that have been adopted for the synthesis of metal nanocomposite materials with polymers and gel macromolecules (hydrogels and nanogels).
Pedestrian Lane Detection for the Visually Impaired (2012)

Traveling safely in outdoor environments is one of the most challenging activities for vision-disabled people. To improve the mobility of these people, an assistive navigation system is necessary. This paper is a step towards developing this system. We propose a robust method to detect the pedestrian marked lane at traffic junctions. The proposed method involves three stages: patches of interest (POI) extraction, lane marker detection and lane detection. The POI extraction is first performed to detect image patches located on the lane marker boundaries using template matching. Potential lane markers are then formed by using shape and intensity information. Finally, the walkable lane region is determined by verifying pairs of detected potential makers. A probabilistic framework using multiple geometric cues is proposed for the verification step. We create a new dataset collected from diverse environments and evaluate the proposed method on this dataset. The experimental results under challenging conditions have illustrated the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method compared to conventional techniques.
A new seeded region growing algorithm for large object segmentation (2011)

The original average contrast and peripheral contrast (ACPC) seeded region growing method performs well in segmenting small object, however, it is not effective to segment large objects with large intensity variations. In this paper, we improve the original ACPC method and propose a new seeded region growing method which is more adaptive to large objects segmentation. Every time, only one pixel which has the largest similar intensity with the average intensity of pixels in current region is picked as the new seed, and it will be added into current region. The optimal segmentation result is the one with the largest average contrast (AC) and peripheral contrast (PC). In the case of objects with serious intensity variation, we can initially set seeds both in high and low intensity regions to improve the segmentation result. In addition, we accelerate the algorithm to reduce the computation cost. The experiment results show that our method is good at segmenting large objects. Besides, the efficiency of the algorithm is greatly increased.
Carbomer and Sodium Hyaluronate Eyedrops for Moderate Dry Eye Treatment (2008)

Both of the eyedrops trialled are suitable for patients with moderate dry eye, but of the two, the SH-containing treatment has marginal benefits in therapeutic efficacy and has less propensity to cause visual disturbance.
Ethylene and alpha olefin trimerization and tandem trimerization/polymerization of ethylene (2016)

Mechanistic studies of homogeneous chromium- and titanium- catalyzed trimerization of ethylene will be described. These\nstudies point to a principal pathway for catalyst decompn. for the Fujita titanium system- conproportionation to Ti(III).\nAccordingly, a silica /MAO supported version has been prepd. and shown to give greater than 10 times higher turnover no. as\ncompared with the homogeneous version under the same conditions. The high activity of the supported Fujita system allows\nfor alpha olefin trimerization to largely two trimers. Tandem and supported- tandem ethylene polymn. and\ntrimerization catalysts yield linear low d. polyethylene from an ethylene-only stock.
Defect gallery and bump defect reduction in the self Aligned Double Patterning module (2010)

The Self Aligned Double Patterning (SADP) module is one scheme to form 3X or 2X line structures by using a dry scanner or immersion scanner. After reliable processes are developed, defect data collection, understanding, characterization, and reduction become important. The learning we obtained at the Mayden Technology Center at Applied Materials reduced ramp time at our customer sites and provided new directions to improve our processes. In this paper, the defect type and evaluation per process to the final 3X or 2X structures in SADP flow are discussed. An in-depth study of the impact of bump defects, bump formation, and a potential solution involving an improved film deposition process are presented.
Integration of GaAS MESFET drivers with GaAs directional-coupler electro-optic modulators (1987)

We demonstrate the first integration of active electronic devices with semiconductor waveguide modulators. By combining ion-implanted GaAs MESFET amplifiers with directional-coupler electro-optic modulators, the DC drive voltage has been reduced by a factor of Āv = 9, making an effective electro-optic figure-of-merit Āvn3r41 for GaAs superior to that of LiNbO3
Control of the ccd operon in plasmid F (1989)

The F sex factor plasmid of Escherichia coli contains a pair of genes, ccdA and ccdB, whose protein gene products are involved in an unusual feature of plasmid maintenance. The CcdB protein is a cytotoxin that becomes activated when the F plasmid is lost, thereby killing the F- segregant cells. In F+ cells, the CcdA protein protects against the lethal effects of CcdB. In the present study we show that ccdA and ccdB expressions are negatively autoregulated at the level of transcription. Genetic studies showed that repression required at least ccdB; ccdA alone was without effect, and ccdB alone was not examined because it is lethal. Ccd-operator complexes were purified and contained a mixture of both CcdA and CcdB proteins; however, we could not conclude from our results whether CcdA was necessary for DNA binding or autorepression. By using restriction fragments of the promoter-operator region, we obtained results indicating that at least two DNA-binding sites existed for the Ccd protein(s). Subsequent footprinting of the binding sites showed protection over about a 113-base-pair region encompassing the putative promoter-operator and the beginning of the ccdA gene.
High permittivity cerium oxide thin films on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures (2013)

Cerium oxide (CeO2) thin films have been grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures and their insulating properties as gate dielectric layer have been explored. The deposited thin films have been found to be textured on the GaN based heterostructures and exhibited a permittivity of 26. This high permittivity value and large band gap are certainly advantageous with respect to other reported materials for the metal insulator semiconductor high electron mobility transistor application. The reduced leakage current density clearly suggests that these CeO2 films are very promising as gate dielectric for AlGaN/GaN transistors low power consumption technology.