gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase induction by polycyclic aromatic compounds in mice. Co-segregation with aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(alpha)pyrene) hydroxylase induction. (1977)

Induction of hepatic 4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) by polycyclic aromatic compounds, such as 3-methylcholanthrene or beta-naphthoflavone, occurs in C57BL/6N, A/J, PL/J, C3HeB/FeJ, and BALB/cJ but not in DBA/2N, AU/SsJ, AKR/J, or RF/J inbred strains of mice. This pattern of five responsive and five nonresponsive mouse strains parallels that of the Ah locus, which controls the induction of aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[alpha]pyrene) hydroxylase (EC 1.14.14.2). Induction of the transferase is maximal in C57BL/6N mice with 200 mg of 3-methylcholanthrene/kg body weight; no induction occurs in nonresponsive DBA/2N mice even at a dose of 400 mg/kg. The rise of inducible transferase activity lags 1 or more days behind the rise of inducible hydroxylase activity and peaks 5 days after a single dose of 3-methylcholanthrene. In offspring from the appropriate backcrosses and intercross between C57BL/6N and DBA/2N parent strains, the genetic expression of 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible transferase activity is inherited as an additive (co-dominant) trait. This expression differs distinctly from that of the inducible hydroxylase activity, which is inherited almost exclusively as a single autosomal dominant trait in these same animals. The more potent inducer 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces the transferase more than 3-fold in C57BL/6N mice and less than 2-fold in DBA/2N mice, whereas the hydroxylase is induced equally (about 8-fold) in both strains. A dose of 3-methylcholanthrene given 3 days after 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, at a time when hydroxylase induction in both strains is very high, does not enhance the rise in inducible transferase activity seen in C57BL/6N or DBA/2N mice which have received 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin alone. These data indicate that (a) the inducibility of two metabolically coordinated membrane-bound enzyme activities may be regulated by a single genetic locus, and (b) although the hydroxylase can be fully induced in the nonresponsive DBA/2N strain by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin prior to 3-methylcholanthrene treatment, metabolites of the 3-methylcholanthrene treatment, metabolites of the 3-methylcholanthrene treatment, metabolites of the 3-methylcholanthrene, presumably present in the liver, are incapable of inducing further the transferase activity. The difference in sensitivity between 3-methylcholanthrene and the more potent inducer 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin for both the hydroxylase and the transferase activities suggests the possibility of a common receptor in regulating both enzyme induction processes.
Microcomputer control of permanently implanted blood pumps (2003)

The component tasks which are performed by the electronic control system in an electric-motor-driven total artificial heart or heart assist device are described. Means of adapting the tasks to the capabilities of compact microprocessor systems are discussed. Failsafe mechanisms and results of usage of an early implementation of the controller in animal experiments are outlined as well as considerations for the selection of hardware for a miniaturized version of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Further studies on the intracellular behavior of Torulopsis glabrata (1976)

The growth of Torulopsis glabrata was inhibited in glucose-peptone broth containing 10 to 20% normal human serum. Addition of iron to the medium diminshed the fungistatic effect. The intracellular growth of T. glabrata was remarkably restricted within mouse macrophages maintained in vitro, but this growth restriction was not caused by the limitation of iron imposed by the serum in the medium. The intracellular growth of T. glabrata within a very small percentage of the macrophages was not obviously related to the failure of lysosomal fusion to the phagosomes in those cells. The studies did not permit definite conclusions regarding the viability of the inhibited yeasts, but results suggested that a large portion of them survived. Potentially misleading artifacts of the technique for assessment of the intracellular behavior of the fungus were detected and are discussed.
Propagation effects in the assessment of laser damage thresholds to the eye and skin (2007)

Computational physics methods are described for the evaluation of the role of propagation with regard to laser damage to tissues. Regions of the optical spectrum, where linear and non-linear propagation affects irradiance distributions within tissues, are examined. Effects described include group-velocity dispersion, aberrations, thermal lensing, and self-focusing. Implications to exposure limits within safety standards, incorporating these irradiance-altering effects, are addressed such that inherent trends agree over wide temporal and spectral ranges, with damage thresholds measured experimentally. We present current regions of interest to the standard-setting community and recent works showing how propagation effects may be playing a key role in assessing damage thresholds.
Uniformity of Olfactory Loss in Aging<i><sup>a</sup></i> (1989)

Most studies of how human olfaction changes with age have compared young and old. Essentially all such studies imply that aging takes a toll. The elderly have higher thresholds, perceive suprathreshold odors as being weaker, discriminate quality less well, recognize and identify common odors less well, and remember episodic presentations of odors poorly. To a first approximation, it appears that all odor qualities and functions undergo a general blunting. The few studies of persons between the young and the elderly suggest that the process of deterioration sets in early and progresses gradually. Such gradual deterioration would presumably allow the easiest accommodation to any loss and may account for why many elderly people seem oblivious to it. In some respects, ignorance may be bliss. For example, the diminished flavor of food may go unnoticed. In other respects, the loss of olfactory information may pose some nutritional and safety risks of which the elderly and perhaps even the middle-aged should be apprised. Longitudinal studies would seem to offer the only chance to decide the rate and magnitude of individual losses in olfaction. Such studies might also offer enlightenment regarding ways to forestall loss.
Evaluation of temporary portal vein arterialization: the minimum arterialized blood flow for maintaining liver viability (1990)

Abstract. The effect of temporary portal vein arterialization (PVA) on hepatic energy metabolism was investigated by changes in the arterial blood ketone body ratio (KBR) and hepatic energy charge (EC) level in 17 dogs. The KBR decreased markedly after clamping the hepatic hilar vessels combining mesocaval shunt and remained at a low level throughout hepatic ischemia. After PVA, the KBR was rapidly restored and maintained at sufficient levels. EC at 60 min after arterialization also recovered to the preclamping level. By reducing the arterial shunt flow, the critical point of arterialized blood flow for maintaining the KBR at high levels was assessed to be about 10% of the total hepatic blood flow (THBF). These findings demonstrate that temporary PVA is an effective method for maintaining the functional capacity of the liver, and that the minimum arterialized blood flow needed to preserve liver viability is only about 10% of the total hepatic blood flow.
A Role for Activated Macrophages in Resistance to Infection with <i>Toxoplasma</i> (1972)

Activated macrophages from mice which were chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii or Besnoitia jellisoni, or which had received Freund complete adjuvant, had an enhanced capacity to to kill intracellular Toxoplasma. Enhanced killing by activated macrophages was demonstrated by decreased incorporation of isotopically labeled uridine by intracellular Toxoplasma and by inhibition of plaque formation. The latter resulted from lack of proliferation of the intracellular Toxoplasma which is normally followed by destruction of the host cell (macrophage) and secondary invasion and destruction of fibroblast monolayers.
Identification of the surface-exposed lipids on the cell envelopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species (1996)

The surface-exposed lipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium gastri, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Mycobacterium aurum were isolated by gentle mechanical treatment of cells with glass beads. Analysis of the exposed lipids demonstrated a selective location of classes of ubiquitous lipids on the surfaces of mycobacteria. While phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol mannosides were exposed in all the species examined, dimycoloyl trehalose ("cord factor") was identified in the surface components of M. aurum only. Furthermore, monomycoloyl trehaloses and triacylglycerides were identified in the surface-exposed lipids of M. avium and M. smegmatis but not in those of the other mycobacterial species examined. The species- and type-species specific lipids were present on the mycobacterial cell surface: phenolic glycolipids, dimycocerosates of phthiocerols, and lipooligosaccharides were identified in the surface-exposed materials of M. tuberculosis (Canetti), M. kansasii, and M. gastri, whereas glycopeptidolipids were identified in the outermost lipid constituents of M. avium and M. smegmatis. This difference in the surface exposure of lipids of various mycobacterial species may reflect differences in their cell envelope organizations. Brief treatments of M. tuberculosis with Tween 80 prior to the use of glass beads led to erosion of regions of the capsule to expose gradually both cord factor and other lipids on the cell surface of the tubercle bacillus, demonstrating that the latter lipids are buried more deeply in the cell envelope and leading to the proposal of a scheme for the location of the capsular lipids of the tubercle bacillus.
Groupwise analytics via adaptive MapReduce (2015)

Shared-nothing systems such as Hadoop vastly simplify parallel programming when processing disk-resident data whose size exceeds aggregate cluster memory. Such systems incur a significant performance penalty, however, on the important class of “groupwise set-valued analytics” (GSVA) queries in which the data is dynamically partitioned into groups and then a set-valued synopsis is computed for some or all of the groups. Key examples of synopses include top-k sets, bottom-k sets, and uniform random samples. Applications of GSVA queries include micro-marketing, root-cause analysis for problem diagnosis, and fraud detection. A naive approach to executing GSVA queries first reshuffles all of the data so that all records in a group are at the same node and then computes the synopsis for the group. This approach can be extremely inefficient when, as is typical, only a very small fraction of the records in each group actually contribute to the final groupwise synopsis, so that most of the shuffling effort is wasted. We show how to significantly speed up GSVA queries by slightly modifying the shared-nothing environment to allow tasks to occasionally access a small, common data structure; we focus on the Hadoop setting and use the “Adaptive MapReduce” infrastructure of Vernica et al. to implement the data structure. Our approach retains most of the advantages of a system such as Hadoop while significantly improving GSVA query performance, and also allows for incremental updating of query results. Experiments show speedups of up to 5x. Importantly, our new technique can potentially be applied to other shared-nothing systems with disk-resident data.
Immediate Versus Chronic Tissue Expansion (1991)

A quantitative comparison of the effects on tissues is performed between chronic tissue expansion, intraoperative expansion, and load cycling in a guinea pig model. Intra-operative expansion, which was developed by Sasaki as a method of immediate tissue expansion for small- to medium-sized defects, and load cycling, which was described by Gibson as a method using intraoperative pull, are compared with chronic tissue expansion on the basis of the following four parameters: amount of skin produced, flap viability, intraoperative tissue pressures, and histological changes. The chronically expanded group, which included booster and nonbooster expansions, produced a 137% increase in surface area, or a 52% increase in flap arc length, whereas intraoperative expansion resulted in a 31% increase in surface area, or a 15% increase in flap arc length. The load-cycled group, however, resulted in an almost negligible amount of skin increase. All three techniques exhibit immediate postexpansion stretchback. Flap viability is not impaired by any of the three techniques, in spite of the elevated pressures observed during expansion. Therefore, intraoperative expansion is effective primarily for limited expansion of small defects, whereas chronic tissue expansion still provides the greatest amount of skin increase when compared with other techniques.
Mining actor correlations with hierarchical concurrence parsing (2010)

Mining actor correlations from TV series enables semantic level video understanding and facilitates users to conduct correlation-based query. In this paper, we introduce a graph-based actor correlations mining framework, which serves as the first attempt for effective actor association presentation and concurrence search. We leverage face detection and tracking to locate actors with 2D-PCA detector as pretreatment. To measure the actor association into a unified graph, we propose a context-based actor correlations hierarchical parsing approach, which considers video structure and hierarchical concurrence to refine actor association in our graph modeling. We not only can accomplish actor correlations mining, but also can acquire higher semantic information according to concurrence change. We present the actor correlation mining results in a graph-based interface to enable efficient users' navigation and search.
Time-dependent dielectric breakdown of plasma-exposed porous organosilicate glass (2012)

Time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) is a major concern for low-k organosilicate dielectrics. To examine the effect of plasma exposure on TDDB degradation, time-to-breakdown measurements were made on porous SiCOH before and after exposure to plasma. A capillary-array window was used to separate charged particle and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photon bombardment. Samples exposed to VUV photons, and a combination of VUV photons and ion bombardment exhibited significant degradation in breakdown time. The samples exposed to VUV photons and ion bombardment showed more degradation in breakdown time in comparison to samples exposed to VUV photons alone.
Dynamic time warping and machine learning for signal quality assessment of pulsatile signals (2012)

In this work, we describe a beat-by-beat method for assessing the clinical utility of pulsatile waveforms, primarily recorded from cardiovascular blood volume or pressure changes, concentrating on the photoplethysmogram (PPG). Physiological blood flow is nonstationary, with pulses changing in height, width and morphology due to changes in heart rate, cardiac output, sensor type and hardware or software pre-processing requirements. Moreover, considerable inter-individual and sensor-location variability exists. Simple template matching methods are therefore inappropriate, and a patient-specific adaptive initialization is therefore required. We introduce dynamic time warping to stretch each beat to match a running template and combine it with several other features related to signal quality, including correlation and the percentage of the beat that appeared to be clipped. The features were then presented to a multi-layer perceptron neural network to learn the relationships between the parameters in the presence of good- and bad-quality pulses. An expert-labeled database of 1055 segments of PPG, each 6 s long, recorded from 104 separate critical care admissions during both normal and verified arrhythmic events, was used to train and test our algorithms. An accuracy of 97.5% on the training set and 95.2% on test set was found. The algorithm could be deployed as a stand-alone signal quality assessment algorithm for vetting the clinical utility of PPG traces or any similar quasi-periodic signal.
Synthesis and Multi Scale Tribological Behavior of WC-Co/Nanodiamond Nanocomposites (2017)

Nanodiamonds (ND) present a unique combination of desirable mechanical, functional, and chemical characteristics that are ideally suited for reinforcing and enhancing the wear resistance of carbide based materials. Tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) matrix nanocomposites reinforced with varying amounts of ND (2 - 10 vol.%) were synthesized here by spark plasma sintering. The rapid thermal consolidation route enabled attainment of dense samples with a significant retention of the metastable diamond phase. NDs affected the microstructural evolution, chemistry, and mechanical properties of WC-Co. Macroscale reciprocating pin-on-disk tests were conducted to assess wear behavior under conditions relevant to service environments, e.g., high cycles and high contact pressure. Microscale tribological properties were assessed using microscratch tests in order to investigate the intrinsic effects of ND on the localized mechanical and tribological response of WC-Co-ND composites. The incorporation of 10 vol.% ND enhanced wear resistance at both the micro- and macroscale, by 28% and 35%, respectively.
Multiple Sclerosis Affects Skeletal Muscle Characteristics (2014)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01845896.
Cardiac-Specific YAP Activation Improves Cardiac Function and Survival in an Experimental Murine MI Model (2014)

Cardiac-specific YAP activation after MI mitigated myocardial injury, improved cardiac function, and enhanced survival. These findings suggest that therapeutic activation of YAP or its downstream targets, potentially through AAV-mediated gene therapy, may be a strategy to improve outcome after MI.
Effects of Composted Pig Manure Application on Enzyme Activities and Microbial Biomass of Soil under Chinese Cabbage Cultivation (2004)

To elucidate the effects of composted pig manure on soil biochemical properties, composted pig manure was amended in a sandy loam soil and Chinese cabbage was grown. Composted pig manure treatments included 8, 29 and for CM-08, CM-29, and CM-57 plots, respectively. Biomass contents and enzymes activities in the non-rhizophere soil were measured. Activities of protease, phosphomonoesterase and dehydrogenase in the plot CM-57 increased to 2.3, 1.6, and 2.4 fold as compared with those of the control plot. Soil microbial biomass contents increased in proportion to the application rates of compost and biomass C, N, and P in the plot CM-59 were 4.3, 3.4, 2.8-fold higher than those of control p1ot(no fertilizer), respectively. During cultivation of Chinese cabbage, biomass C and N were higher in the middle growth stage, although biomass P was the highest in the early growth stage. The average ratio of biomass C:N:P was 11:2:1, and proportion of biomass C and N in the soil organic C and N was 1.1 and 3.6%, respectively. Activities of protease and dehydrogenase had significant correlations with biomass C and P.
Paroxetine/Bupropion Combination Treatment for Refractory Depression (1996)

New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.
Optimally functional fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labelled fibrinogen for quantitative studies of binding to activated platelets and platelet aggregation (1996)

Dynamic and quantitative studies of the binding of fibrinogen (Fg) to its receptor, GPIIb-IIIa, on activated platelets, leading to platelet aggregation, are best studied with fluorescently-labelled Fg by flow cytometry. Due to conflicting reports on the functionality of FITC-labelled Fg, we have developed a reproducible and 'mild' labelling of fibrinogen with FITC-celite at pH 7.4-8.5 for direct and dynamic studies of specific Fg binding to activated platelets evaluated for native platelet-rich plasma, for washed platelets, and for activated, fixed platelets. We have demonstrated the equivalence of FITC-labelled and unlabelled Fg for binding to activated GPIIb-IIIa receptors, and in the rate and extent of mediating platelet aggregation. We found that FITC-Fg labelled at pH > or = 9 had reduced to absent specific binding to activated platelets, whether using soluble FITC or FITC-celite. The FITC-labelled Fg must be diluted 3-fold with unlabelled Fg when evaluating maximal Fg binding to activated platelets in order to prevent autoquenching of the FITC-Fg which leads to underestimation of Fg levels. The dissociation constant (KD) of Fg on stable preparations of activated, fixed platelets, determined with FITC-Fg binding to platelets by flow cytometry, was in the range reported for 125I-labelled Fg, 70-255 nm with Bmax = 10000-25000 Fg per platelet (n = 20). The FITC-Fg was used to monitor Fg binding to activated platelets directly by plasma, as well as to evaluate platelet subpopulations which maximally bind Fg according to the concentration of ADP used as activator. It is expected that this 'mildly' labelled FITC-Fg will stimulate further studies of platelet activation directly in native anticoagulated blood/plasma, for both basic and clinical research.
Tribo-Mechanical Properties of DLC Coatings Deposited on Nitrided Biomedical Stainless Steel (2007)

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are frequently considered for biomedical applications due to their attractive tribo-mechanical properties combined with good biocompatibility. In the present work, DLC coatings have been deposited on 316L stainless steel (SS) substrates. The duplex approach consisted of surface nitriding in a radio frequency (RF) discharge for the reinforcement of SS-DLC bonding prior to DLC deposition (0.5 µm thick). Chemical composition and morphology of the nitrided SS were assessed by XPS and SEM, while depth-sensing indentation, ball-on-flat tribometry, and microscratch testing were used to determine the tribo-mechanical performance of the nitrided SS and of DLC coated SS samples. We found that the formation of a thick (∼1–2 µm), hard (15 GPa) metal nitride layer at the SS surface has a strong influence on enhancing the coating adhesion (critical load of 6.5 N) and wear resistance of DLC (wear factor 3–8 × 10−8 mm3 · N−1 · m−1 compared to 10−5 mm3 · N−1 · m−1 for nitrided SS).
Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Metal Ion Complexation of 2-(2‘-Hydroxyphenyl)benzazoles in Aqueous Solution (2002)

The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of a series of water-soluble 2-(2‘-hydroxyphenyl)benzazole derivatives has been studied under physiological conditions using absorbance and steady-state emission spectroscopy. At neutral pH in the presence of 0.1 M ionic background, the fluorescence properties of these derivatives differ substantially compared to previously reported data in nonaqueous solvents. The ESIPT process is disrupted, presumably due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding with surrounding water molecules combined with increased stabilization of the trans-rotamer, which cannot undergo the ESIPT process. The emission spectrum of the benzimidazole derivative depends significantly on the solvent polarity, as revealed by titrations with Zn(II) in methanol, ethanol, and under physiological conditions. Inhibition of ESIPT via metal coordination shows a significant wavelength shift together with a substantial ratio increase by a factor of 13.7. Titration of the benzoxazole derivative with Zn(II) yielded a 50-fold increased emission intensity. The fluorescence increase is specific for Zn(II), and with a logK of 3.93 (Kd = 117 μM) the ligand would be suitable as a fluorescence probe in a biological environment to gauge Zn(II) concentrations in the range from 10 μM to 1 mM.