gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetische Übergänge von der Jonon‐ in die Damasconreihe (1973)

Abstract New preparative routes to the isomeric damascones ( 2, 4 and 9 ) and β‐damascenone ( 1 ) starting from the readily accessible ionone isoxazoles [11] are described. γ‐Damascone ( 9 ) was prepared from 10 following the Büchi‐Vederas transformation [11], while α‐ and β‐damascone ( 4 and 2 ) were obtained as the end products of the reaction sequence: β‐aminodamascones [11]→β‐ketodihydrodamascones ( 20 and 21 ) → β‐hydroxydihydrodamascones ( 24 and 25 ). β‐Damas cenone ( 1 ), however, is formed from the epoxides of β‐ionone isoxazole ( 14 ) by Birch reduction followed by treatment with acid. The unusual behaviour towards metal hydrides of the crotonyl group in the damascones and damascenones is described.
Ultrasonic assessment of cortical bone thickness in vitro and in vivo (2008)

In osteoporosis, total bone mass decreases and the thickness of the cortical layer diminishes in the shafts of the long bones. In this study, a simple ultrasonic in vivo method for determining the thickness of the cortical bone layer was applied, and the suitability of two different signal analysis techniques, i.e., envelope and cepstral methods, for measuring cortical thickness was compared. The values of cortical thickness, as determined with both techniques, showed high linear correlations (r ges 0.95) with the thickness values obtained from in vitro measurements with a caliper or in vivo measurements by peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT). No systematic errors that could be related to the cortical thickness were found. The in vivo accuracy of the measurements was 6.6% and 7.0% for the envelope and cepstral methods, respectively. Further, the in vivo precision for the envelope and cepstral methods was 0.26 mm and 0.28 mm, respectively. Although the results are similar for both of the techniques, the simplicity of the envelope method makes it more attractive for clinical applications. In conclusion, a simple ultrasound measurement provides an accurate estimate of the cortical bone thickness. The techniques investigated may have clinical potential for osteoporosis screening and therefore warrant more extensive clinical investigations with healthy and osteoporotic individuals.
STUDIES ON THE CENTRAL VISUAL SYSTEM (1926)

In the preceding papers of this series,<sup>1</sup>evidence for the following propositions was adduced: The projection of the retinal quadrants and the macula on the human striate cortex can be determined from purely anatomic considerations (normal, pathologic and experimental; the geniculostriate radiation occupies the whole of the fasciculus longitudinalis inferior (external sagittal stratum) and this alone; the upper retinal quadrant is represented superiorly in the cortex and radiation, mesially in the corpus geniculatum and, in the lower quadrant, inferiorly in the cortex and laterally in the geniculate body; the representation of the macula is extensive and lies in the posterior portion of the visual area; and the existence of callosal visual fibers is improbable. Having made so much progress, we may be encouraged to attempt an answer to the following additional questions: 1. What is the extent of the representation of the macula in the striate cortex? 2. Where
Age‐related effects of DHEA on peripheral markers of oxidative stress (2009)

Ageing is an inevitable biological process characterized by a general decline in various physiological functions. DHEA and DHEAS levels are maximal between the second and third life decades, then start to decline 2% per year, leaving a residual of 10-20% of the peak production by the eighth decade. Erythrocytes are exposed to frequent oxidative stress due to the oxygen radicals continuously generated by haemoglobin auto-oxidation. We investigated DHEA chronic (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously, for 5 weeks) effects over oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes of male Wistar rats of 3, 13 and 18 month-old. In the 13 month-old group, we found increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase and catalase activities when compared to the other age groups. DHEA produced a marked increase in LPO of 13 month-old group when compared to its control. DHEA exerted this pro-oxidant effects in all ages studied, especially in age 13 month-old. It seems that at 13 month-old there would be an important depletion of some specific anti-oxidant in order to determine such susceptibility to DHEA effects. Since this approach allows a minimally invasive assessment, it would be useful as a routine method in human clinical studies investigating DHEA effects during the ageing process.
Consolidation with Grain Refinement by Compression Shearing Method under Room Temperature (2005)

A new concept of solidification method by compression shearing is developed. By this method the grain size of the fabricated material is fined to nanometer scale, and the strength of the specimen is improved. Appling compression shearing process to powder Aluminum under room temperature and in the atmosphere, we can obtain a thin plate specimen consist of ultra fine crystal grains with preferred orientation. By following conventional ways, it was not possible to obtain such specimen under room temperature.In this paper, we described the structural and mechanical properties of fabricated specimen with 100-200nm crystal grain size, which is obtained by Compression Shearing Method.
Molecular Evolution of the VP1 Gene in Human Norovirus GII.4 Variants in 1974–2015 (2017)

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide, of which GII.4 is the most predominant genotype. Unlike other genotypes, GII.4 has created various variants that escaped from previously acquired immunity of the host and caused repeated epidemics. However, the molecular evolutionary differences among all GII.4 variants, including recently discovered strains, have not been elucidated. Thus, we conducted a series of bioinformatic analyses using numerous, globally collected, full-length GII.4 major capsid (<i>VP1</i>) gene sequences (466 strains) to compare the evolutionary patterns among GII.4 variants. The time-scaled phylogenetic tree constructed using the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method showed that the common ancestor of the GII.4 <i>VP1</i> gene diverged from GII.20 in 1840. The GII.4 genotype emerged in 1932, and then formed seven clusters including 14 known variants after 1980. The evolutionary rate of GII.4 strains was estimated to be 7.68 × 10<sup>-3</sup> substitutions/site/year. The evolutionary rates probably differed among variants as well as domains [protruding 1 (P1), shell, and P2 domains]. The Osaka 2007 variant strains probably contained more nucleotide substitutions than any other variant. Few conformational epitopes were located in the shell and P1 domains, although most were contained in the P2 domain, which, as previously established, is associated with attachment to host factors and antigenicity. We found that positive selection sites for the whole GII.4 genotype existed in the shell and P1 domains, while Den Haag 2006b, New Orleans 2009, and Sydney 2012 variants were under positive selection in the P2 domain. Amino acid substitutions overlapped with putative epitopes or were located around the epitopes in the P2 domain. The effective population sizes of the present strains increased stepwise for Den Haag 2006b, New Orleans 2009, and Sydney 2012 variants. These results suggest that HuNoV GII.4 rapidly evolved in a few decades, created various variants, and altered its evolutionary rate and antigenicity.
Molecular cloning, functional expression, and pharmacological characterization of an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit from human brain. (1993)

A cDNA encoding a full-length N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 1, hNR1, was isolated from a human brain cDNA library. The hNR1 cDNA encodes an open reading frame of approximately 2.7 kb that shares high homology with the rat brain NMDA receptor subunit 1 and the mouse zeta 1 subunit. The hNR1 sequence, however, diverges from the rodent and murine homologs near the C terminus, suggesting that they represent alternatively spliced messages of the same gene. Oocytes injected with cRNA synthesized from the hNR1 cDNA express glutamate and NMDA-activated currents in the presence of glycine. Currents are blocked by the NMDA-receptor-specific antagonists 2-amino-5-phosphovaleric acid and 7-chlorokynurenate, and the open channel blockers MK-801 and phencyclidine, by Mg2+ ions in a voltage-dependent manner, and by Zn2+. Expressed hNR1 homomeric receptor channels exhibit the high Ca2+ permeability characteristic of neuronal NMDA receptors. Therefore, the cDNA clone hNR1 codes for a human brain NMDA receptor subunit cognate to the rodent and murine brain NR1 subunits.
Primary Source Correction (PSC) in Wave Field Synthesis (2011)

The theory of wave field synthesis is traditionally derived based on the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation for bounded volumes with continuous secondary point source distributions on the boundary area.Usually, a secondary source distribution on a boundary contour is used in practical implementations and the theory is adapted by reducing the geometry to two dimensions, employing secondary line sources perpendicular to the listening area.Consequently, the sound fields that can be synthesized are restricted to fields independent of the Cartesian coordinate direction defined by the line source axes, explicitly excluding the synthesis of spherical waves.Usually, secondary point sources are employed instead of line sources.In this case, correct synthesis is possible at one reference position in the listening area if secondary source correction is applied.In this paper, the theory of wave field synthesis is revised, resulting in a global formulation of secondary source correction that allows for correct amplitude and phase reproduction at the reference position.Based on that framework, primary source correction (PSC) is introduced.This procedure permits at the reference position correct synthesis of spherical waves evolving at arbitrary distances in the plane defined by the listening area, especially including the correct inverse proportionality of level and source distance, which is not possible using current approaches to the synthesis of spherical waves.
Double frequency printed antennas for multi-mode communication application (2002)

The paper considers a new class of small size, single substrate layer, double frequency printed antennas for multi-mode PC card systems. A 2.4/5 GHz fabricated antenna exhibits a matching of 16 dB and 5 dB and a gain of 5 dB and 3 dB, respectively. On the other hand a 17.4/23.4 GHz fabricated antenna presents a matching of, respectively, 16 dB and 12 dB and a gain of 5.1 dB and 4.7 dB.
Isotope coding for qualitative and quantitative study of peptides and proteins: A global internal standard technology in proteomics (2001)

Proteome research endeavors to examine the total protein complement encoded by a particular genome and to address biological problems that can not be answered by examination of nucleic acid sequence alone. One of the critical analytical issues in proteomics research is to monitor cellular regulation and determine how to quantify up- and down-regulation of specific peptides or proteins. Recognizing concentration changes in biological system involving small numbers of species in large number of similar, fixed components is a major problem. This challenge is exacerbated by the fact that the components in flux are frequently unknown. The objective of this research was to find a quantitative and qualitative approach to study the proteomics. As part of the global internal standard technology (GIST), a method of isotope-coding internal standard was developed based on N-terminal labeling with an acetylating reagent N-acetoxysuccinimide and its isotope analogue. The specificity of the acetylation reaction using N-acetoxysuccinimide as the labeling reagent with different peptide, peptide mixtures and glycan was studied. This work focused on the quantification using this labeling method on both MADLI and ESI mass spectrometry and comparison of the quantification study on these two different mass spectrometric techniques was made. By extending this labeling reaction, a method of using differential isotopic coding to identify the cross-reacting antigens and study the up and down regulation of phosphopeptides in cow milk in both healthy and mastitis-infected state was developed. Finally, an approach of selection of the signature peptide based on N-terminal peptides by an N-hydroxysuccinimide activated silica particle was investigated. Selection of the signature peptide based on N-terminal peptides by an N-hydroxysuccinimide activated silica particle was investigated.
Robust and Efficient Multiple Alignment of Unsynchronized Meeting Recordings (2016)

This paper proposes a way to generate a single high-quality audio recording of a meeting using no equipment other than participants' personal devices. Each participant in the meeting uses their mobile device as a local recording node, and they begin recording whenever they arrive in an unsynchronized fashion. The main problem in generating a single summary recording is to temporally align the various audio recordings in a robust and efficient manner. We propose a way to do this using an adaptive audio fingerprint based on spectrotemporal eigenfilters, where the fingerprint design is learned on-the-fly in a totally unsupervised way to perform well on the data at hand. The adaptive fingerprints require only a few seconds of data to learn a robust design, and they require no tuning. Our method uses an iterative, greedy two-stage alignment algorithm which finds a rough alignment using indexing techniques, and then performs a more fine-grained alignment based on Hamming distance. Our proposed system achieves >99% alignment accuracy on challenging alignment scenarios extracted from the ICSI meeting corpus, and it outperforms five other well-known and state-of-the-art fingerprint designs. We conduct extensive analyses of the factors that affect the robustness of the adaptive fingerprints, and we provide a simple heuristic that can be used to adjust the fingerprint's robustness according to the amount of computation we are willing to perform.
Dioxygenolytic cleavage of aryl ether bonds: 1, 10-dihydro-1, 10-dihydroxyfluoren-9-one, a novel arene dihydrodiol as evidence for angular dioxygenation of dibenzofuran (1989)

Two dibenzofuran degrading bacteria, Brevibacterium strain DPO 1361 and strain DPO 220, were found to utilize fluorene as sole source of carbon and energy. Cells which were grown on dibenzofuran, transformed fluorene into a number of products. For five of the seven metabolites isolated, the structure could be established unequivocally. Accumulation of one metabolite, 1,10-dihydroxy-1,10-dihydrofluoren-9-one, indicated the presence of a novel type of dioxygenase, attacking polynuclear aromatic systems in the unusual angular position. Debenzofuran degradation is proposed to likewise proceed via initial angular dioxygenation. One aryl oxygen ether bond, which normally is extremely stable, is thus transformed to a hemiacetal. After spontaneous cleavage and subsequent rearomatization by dehydration, 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl [3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-catechol] thus results as the immediate product of the first enzymatic reaction in the degradation sequence.
LETTER II (2011)

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Expression and Purification of Two Isozymes of Clavaminate Synthase and Initial Characterization of the Iron Binding Site (1995)

Clavaminate synthase is an Fe(2+)-, O2-, and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenase that catalyzes three transformations in the biosynthesis of the important beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. The genes from Streptomyces clavuligerus encoding two isoenzymes of clavaminate synthase have been over-expressed in Escherichia coli to give soluble proteins whose reactions, kinetic properties, and molecular masses are in excellent agreement with the wild-type isozymes. Preliminary investigation of the active site of clavaminate synthase was undertaken using diethyl pyrocarbonate and N-ethylmaleimide. Each was inhibitory to catalytic activity. Protection from inactivation in the presence of these reagents by Fe2+, O2, and alpha-ketoglutaric acid was thwarted by the rapid self-inactivation of the enzyme in the absence of substrate. However, protection was achieved when Co2+, a potent competitive inhibitor of clavaminate synthase 2 with respect to Fe2+, was substituted. This is consistent with the presence of histidine and cysteine, respectively, at or near the active site and possibly involved in iron binding. In the course of constructing the expression vector, a simply applied general error analysis of the polymerase chain reaction was formulated to calculate the proportion of correctly replicated DNA and guide the design of experiments using this method.
Cervical Myelopathy in C.P.P.D. Deposition Disease (1990)

Cervical Myelopathy is a rare manifestation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (C.P.P.D.) deposition disease. A case is presented where radiographically noncalcified extradural masses containing C.P.P.D. crystals were present at the C7 level, producing cord compression and neurological symptoms. These masses are thought to represent para-articular deposits related to the adjacent facet joints.
Factors affecting patency of femoropopliteal bypass grafts. (1983)

A 16 year review of femoropopliteal bypass grafts identified five factors with significant influence on long term patency. Most important was the nature of the graft itself, with vein grafts having superior long term performance as compared to a variety of prosthetic grafts. Arteriographic runoff, indications for operation, site of the distal anastomosis and prior femoropopliteal operation had a major influence on long term patency of prosthetic grafts but rather minimal effects on the patency of autogenous vein grafts. The influence of several variables proved cumulative, leading to a favorable subset of patients in whom prosthetic grafts may approach long term performance of vein grafts. Differences in such key variables is a major contribution to the widely differing patency rates of previous studies and must be carefully controlled in any future prospective studies.
Genome-wide analysis of human global and transcription-coupled excision repair of UV damage at single-nucleotide resolution (2015)

We developed a method for genome-wide mapping of DNA excision repair named XR-seq (excision repair sequencing). Human nucleotide excision repair generates two incisions surrounding the site of damage, creating an ∼30-mer. In XR-seq, this fragment is isolated and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. We used XR-seq to produce stranded, nucleotide-resolution maps of repair of two UV-induced DNA damages in human cells: cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6-4) pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts [(6-4)PPs]. In wild-type cells, CPD repair was highly associated with transcription, specifically with the template strand. Experiments in cells defective in either transcription-coupled excision repair or general excision repair isolated the contribution of each pathway to the overall repair pattern and showed that transcription-coupled repair of both photoproducts occurs exclusively on the template strand. XR-seq maps capture transcription-coupled repair at sites of divergent gene promoters and bidirectional enhancer RNA (eRNA) production at enhancers. XR-seq data also uncovered the repair characteristics and novel sequence preferences of CPDs and (6-4)PPs. XR-seq and the resulting repair maps will facilitate studies of the effects of genomic location, chromatin context, transcription, and replication on DNA repair in human cells.
Retrofitting an existing wood-frame residence for energy conservation- an experimental study (1978)

insulating materials was measured and compared, both in the field and laboratory.
Characterizations of Core−Shell Tecto-(Dendrimer) Molecules by Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy (1999)

Four different types of core−shell tecto-(dendrimer) were imaged by tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). The tecto-(dendrimer) molecules were based on PAMAM dendrimers, and included G4G3, G5G3, G6G4, and G7G5 (the first number represents the generation number (G) of the core, and the second number, the generation number of the dendrimers in the shell). The individual tecto-(dendrimer) molecules could be clearly observed in the AFM images, which showed that their dimensions increased as a function of the sum of core−shell tecto-(dendrimer) generation values, i.e., G4G3 < G5G3 < G6G4 < G7G5. The molecular volumes of the tecto-(dendrimer) molecules could be directly obtained from the AFM images, from which molecular weights could then be estimated. The estimated molecular weights were in reasonable agreement with the results from matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). We believe this represents a significant advance in the application of AFM because it provides a new method to directly measure the molecular volume (molecular weight) of macromolecules.
Supervisor Control for a Stand-Alone Hybrid Generation System Using Wind and Photovoltaic Energy (2005)

A comprehensive supervisor control for a hybrid system that comprises wind and photovoltaic generation subsystems, a battery bank, and an ac load is developed in this paper. The objectives of the supervisor control are, primarily, to satisfy the load power demand and, second, to maintain the state of charge of the battery bank to prevent blackout and to extend the life of the batteries. For these purposes, the supervisor controller determines online the operation mode of both generation subsystems, switching from power regulation to maximum power conversion. Decision criteria for the supervisor based on measurable system variables are presented. Finally, the performance of the supervisor controller is extensively assessed through computer simulation using a comprehensive nonlinear model of the plant.
Alpha-Particle Emitting Atomic Generator (Actinium-225)-Labeled Trastuzumab (Herceptin) Targeting of Breast Cancer Spheroids (2004)

These studies suggest that (225)Ac-labeled trastuzumab may be a potent therapeutic agent against metastatic breast cancer cells exhibiting intermediate to high HER2/neu expression.
Weighted Guided Image Filtering (2014)

It is known that local filtering-based edge preserving smoothing techniques suffer from halo artifacts. In this paper, a weighted guided image filter (WGIF) is introduced by incorporating an edge-aware weighting into an existing guided image filter (GIF) to address the problem. The WGIF inherits advantages of both global and local smoothing filters in the sense that: 1) the complexity of the WGIF is O(N) for an image with N pixels, which is same as the GIF and 2) the WGIF can avoid halo artifacts like the existing global smoothing filters. The WGIF is applied for single image detail enhancement, single image haze removal, and fusion of differently exposed images. Experimental results show that the resultant algorithms produce images with better visual quality and at the same time halo artifacts can be reduced/avoided from appearing in the final images with negligible increment on running times.
University Poultry Students Conduct Valuable Educational Project (1946)

"University Poultry Students Conduct Valuable Educational Project." World's Poultry Science Journal, 2(1), pp. 13–14