gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Cytokine Secretion, Intracellular Protein Expression, and mRNA in Resting and Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2000)

Quantitation of cytokine production is a valuable adjunct to standard immunologic assays in defining several pathologic processes. Nevertheless, there is little agreement about which tissues should be assayed, which type of assay should be performed, and which stimulation protocol should be used. As these types of assays enter the clinical arena, there is need for standardization. There is also a need to maximize the amount of information which may be derived from a single sample. We compared secreted interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and gamma interferon proteins as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with intracellular cytokine production (IL-2 and gamma interferon) as detected by flow cytometry and quantitative competitive PCR for IL-2, IL-4, TNF-alpha, and gamma interferon mRNA and cDNA. Results from unstimulated cells and cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate, phytohemagglutinin, and phorbol myristate acetate plus phytohemagglutin were compared. All three methodologies detected significant stimulation of cytokine production. The combination of phytohemagglutinin and phorbol myristate acetate was overall the most-potent stimulus.
Portal modules for Groupware systems (2009)

Groupware systems become more and more functional and complex. Often many features are integrated in a monolithic interface that should fit all needs. A new trend towards portal systems can provide flexible and user-adaptable environments. This paper therefore presents a new approach for the modular
FashionGAN: Display your fashion design using Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets (2018)

Abstract Virtual garment display plays an important role in fashion design for it can directly show the design effect of the garment without having to make a sample garment like traditional clothing industry. In this paper, we propose an end‐to‐end virtual garment display method based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks. Different from existing 3D virtual garment methods which need complex interactions and domain‐specific user knowledge, our method only need users to input a desired fashion sketch and a specified fabric image then the image of the virtual garment whose shape and texture are consistent with the input fashion sketch and fabric image can be shown out quickly and automatically. Moreover, it can also be extended to contour images and garment images, which further improves the reuse rate of fashion design. Compared with the existing image‐to‐image methods, the quality of images generated by our method is better in terms of color and shape.
ACM SIGACT news distributed computing column 2 (2001)

The Distributed Computing Column covers the theory of systems that are composed of a number of interacting computing elements. These include problems of communication and networking, databases, distributed shared memory, multiprocessor architectures, operating systems, verification, internet, and the web.This issue consists of two guest contributions: A review of the DISC 2000 Conference by Lisa Higham, and a routing survey by Cyril Gavoille. This survey focuses on routing messages in distributed networks with efficient data structures. After an overview of the various results of the literature, some interestingly open problems are described. Many thanks to Lisa and Cyril!
Prospective Randomized Trial Using 5-Fluorouracil, Adriamycin and Methotrexate (FAMTX) versus FAM for Treatment of Advanced Gastric Cancer (1992)

Background: In 1982, a favorable response rate of 63 % in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma treated by sequential high-dose methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil combined with adriamycin (FAMTX) was reported. In order to confirm these data, a prospective randomized comparison with a standard regimen seemed to be necessary.Materials and Methods: 213 patients with advanced measurable or nonmeasurable gastric cancer were randomized for administration of methotrexate (1,500 mg/m2), followed after 1 h by 5-fluorouracil (1,500 mg/m2) on day 1. Leucovorin rescue was started after 24 h (15 mg/m2, orally, every 6 h for 48 h), and adriamycin (30 mg/m2) was given on day 15. The FAM regimen consisted of 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m2, on days 1, 8, 29 and 36), of adriamycin (30 mg/m2, on days 1 and 29) and of mitomycin C (10 mg/m2, on day 1). The cycles were repeated every 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. Results: The results show a significantly superior response rate, 41 versus 9 % (p < 0.0001), and survival, median 44 weeks versus 29 weeks (p = 0.002) for FAMTX. There was a cumulative thrombocytopenia seen in FAM, but not in FAMTX. Conclusion: The FAMTX protocol should be the reference treatment in future clinical trials which seek to improve the therapeutic outcome in advanced gastric cancer.
Protease-activated receptors: the role of cell-surface proteolysis in signalling (2002)

Certain extracellular proteases, derived from the circulation and inflammatory cells, can specifically cleave and trigger protease-activated receptors (PARs), a small, but important, sub-group of the G-protein-coupled receptor super-family. Four PARs have been cloned and they all share the same basic mechanism of activation: proteases cleave at a specific site within the extracellular N-terminus to expose a new N-terminal tethered ligand domain, which binds to and thereby activates the cleaved receptor. Thrombin activates PAR1, PAR3 and PAR4, trypsin activates PAR2 and PAR4, and mast cell tryptase activates PAR2 in this manner. Activated PARs couple to signalling cascades that affect cell shape, secretion, integrin activation, metabolic responses, transcriptional responses and cell motility. PARs are 'single-use' receptors: proteolytic activation is irreversible and the cleaved receptors are degraded in lysosomes. Thus, PARs play important roles in 'emergency situations', such as trauma and inflammation. The availability of selective agonists and antagonists of protease inhibitors and of genetic models has generated evidence to suggests that proteases and their receptors play important roles in coagulation, inflammation, pain, healing and protection. Therefore, selective antagonists or agonists of these receptors may be useful therapeutic agents for the treatment of human diseases.
Grandeur et décadence des monts Watshish (1959)

II y a quarante ans, lorsque j'allais l'cole, nos manuels de gographie situaient deux chanes de montagnes au nord du Saint-Laurent, les Laurentides et les Watshish.
Identification and Evolution of the Silkworm Helitrons and their Contribution to Transcripts (2013)

In this study, we developed a structure-based approach to identify Helitrons in four lepidopterans and systematically analysed Helitrons in the silkworm genome. We found that the content of Helitrons varied greatly among genomes. The silkworm genome harboured 67,555 Helitron-related sequences that could be classified into 21 families and accounted for ≈ 4.23% of the genome. Thirteen of the families were new. Three families were putatively autonomous and included the replication initiator motif and helicase domain. The silkworm Helitrons were widely and randomly distributed in the genome. Most Helitron families radiated within the past 2 million years and experienced a single burst of expansion. These Helitron families captured 3724 gene fragments and contributed to at least 1.4% of the silkworm full-length cDNAs, suggesting important roles of Helitrons in the evolution of the silkworm genes. In addition, we found that some new Helitrons were generated by combinations of other Helitrons. Overall, the results presented in this study provided insights into the generation and evolution of Helitron transposons and their contribution to transcripts.
Stability of Spheroidal Spheromak Plasma by use of Force-Free Approximation (1987)

dataset
An opportunistic reconfiguration strategy for environmentally powered devices (2006)

Environmental energy is becoming a feasible alternative to traditional energy sources for ultra low-power devices such as sensor nodes and smart watches. Moreover, the increasing need for flexibility and reconfigurability of such devices makes its energy management even more challenging. As a result, to efficiently exploit the potentially unlimited environmental energy, new adaptation strategies are required. In this paper we present a novel system reconfiguration strategy that exploits the intrinsic unpredictability of environmental energy to opportunistically reconfigure the device. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed reconfiguration strategy we first perform a theoretical evaluation using statistical energy profile distribution and then we evaluate its energy efficiency on a prototype device in the presence of bursty energy profiles that we emulated using a programmable energy source.
Measurement of polarized light interactions via the Mueller matrix (1980)

A new instrument for rapid and accurate measurement of the Mueller matrix is described. Distinct measurements of all sixteen elements are made simultaneously and with an absolute accuracy of 1-5%. The instrument employs electrooptic modulators. Results are presented for several simple optical devices and systems.
The new corporate architecture (1995)

Executive Overview For years the basic questions about how best to organize people and tasks remained the same: “Do we centralize or decentralize? Do we organize by product or function? Where do we stick the international operation?” The answers were seldom satisfactory. Typically, companies were organized by product, by customer, or by territory, and then switched when those structures stopped working. While senior managers felt the impact of such reshuffling, it rarely affected the rank and file who continued to operate in the same functional, vertical organization where all that changed was the boss's name. Today's management challenge is to design more flexible organizations that affect all members. With traditional structures failing, managers must evaluate innovative types of organization to see if these structures can deliver. In this article we examine three such structures—the modular, the virtual, and the barrier-free—which today have become part of the new corporate architecture.
High Efficiency 293 GHz Radiating Source in 65 nm CMOS (2014)

This letter presents a J-band radiating source (284-301 GHz) based on a differential Colpitts oscillator with an on-chip antenna in 65 nm CMOS. The source radiates the third harmonic of the oscillation frequency, which is also generated in the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) itself due to its large voltage signal. An integrated loop antenna serves also as the load inductance at the drains of the VCO transistors, acting as a choke at the fundamental and matched antenna at the third harmonic. The antenna has a directivity above +9 dBi across the tuning range. This frequency source has a DC-to-RF radiated power efficiency of 2.8%, a radiated power of -2.7 dBm and an EIRP of +6.4 dBm, taking a silicon area of only 0.26 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Determinantes de las patentes universitarias. el caso de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (2001)

Las universidades han desempeñado tradicionalmente funciones de docencia e investigación. En las últimas décadas han adoptado una tercera función: la transferencia de su conocimiento. Los instrumentos utilizados han sido diversos: contratos de I+D, asesorías e informes técnicos y otros como la licencia de patentes, sobre la que se ha puesto un énfasis especial desde hace unos años. El auge de las patentes en las universidades de los países desarrollados se justifica porque suponen una buena fuente de aumento y diversificación de la financiación universitaria. Hasta ahora la incipiente literatura sobre el tema no ha creado un modelo específico de los factores que inciden en la generación de las patentes universitarias. En este trabajo, partiendo del reconocimiento de que existe una relación entre las mismas y el volumen de la I+D llevada a cabo por los departamentos universitarios, se ha ensayado la idoneidad de los modelos de patentes empresariales en el contexto de las universidades. La aplicación realizada sobre los datos disponibles de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia da como resultado que, en efecto, los modelos econométricos de variables contables resultan adecuados para modelar la citada relación. De los resultados obtenidos se desprende que la I+D contemporánea ejerce una mayor influencia sobre las patentes que la I+D pasada, que las áreas de conocimiento más dependientes de la ciencia presentan mayores oportunidades tecnológicas y que los departamentos con más personal solicitan relativamente un menor número de patentes. Por otro lado, la desagregación de la I+D por origen de la financiación permite observar que la investigación financiada públicamente es la más importante de cara a la generación de patentes, pero que existe sinergia con la financiación complementaria de las empresas; la desagregación de la I+D por tipos de la misma indica, a su vez, que las actividades más propiamente de transferencia de tecnología no conducen a la solicitud de patent
Stress protein GRP78 prevents apoptosis induced by calcium ionophore, ionomycin, but not by glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin, in human prostate cancer cells (2000)

GRP78 induction has recently been shown to play a critical role in maintaining cell viability against several kinds of stress, including depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) and accumulation of unglycosylated proteins, under specific experimental conditions. However, the functional significance of GRP78 induction after stressful treatment has not been well defined. This article characterizes the different biological features associated with GRP78 induction by two kinds of stress agents, calcium ionophore, ionomycin (IM), and glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin (TM), focusing on the association with apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Both IM and TM treatment resulted in marked induction of GRP78 transcription in androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells maintained in medium without androgen, but not in medium containing androgen, as measured by Northern blotting and nuclear run-off assays. After pretreatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which has potent cytotoxic effects on LNCaP cells, both IM and TM could induce substantial increases in GRP78 transcription in LNCaP cells, even in medium containing androgen. Under both experimental conditions described, DNA fragmentation assays showed a direct correlation between the onset of apoptosis in LNCaP cells after IM treatment and the initiation of GRP78 transcript induction, while induction of GRP78 expression preceded TM-induced apoptosis. To elucidate the functional differences of GRP78 induction by IM and TM, an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) targeted against the grp78 gene was designed to reduce GRP78 expression in a sequence-specific and dose-dependent manner. Antisense GRP78 ODN treatment substantially enhanced apoptosis of LNCaP cells induced by IM compared with mismatch control ODN treatment, whereas no marked differences were observed in apoptotic features induced by TM with antisense GRP78 and mismatch control ODN treatment. Studies of additional androgen-independent prostate cancer PC3 cells also demonstrated a correlation between GRP78 induction and resistance to apoptosis after IM treatment, but not after TM treatment. These findings suggest that there are at least two GRP78 signaling pathways, which play different roles in resistance against stress-induced apoptosis.
Individually addressable optoelectronic arrays for optogenetic neural stimulation (2011)

Optogenetic retinal prosthesis - The optoelectronic stimulation of photosensitized retinal neurons could prove to have many advantages over present electronic approaches. In this paper, we explore the latest results from a compact CMOS-Gallium Nitride optoelectronic stimulator which has sufficient brightness to stimulate neurons photosensitized with channelrhodopsin. We explore the efficiency and scalability to large area arrays, and impact on retinal prosthesis.
REMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS FROM WASTEWATER BY COAL BOTTOM ASH (2002)

Coal bottom ash produced from a thermal power plant was used in a batch experiment to investigate the adsorption characteristic of this bottom ash. The adsorbate solutions were synthetic wastewaters contained copper (Cu2+) or COD and a sanitary landfill leachate. The influences of various factors, such as contact time, pH, initial adsorbate concentration and temperature on the sorption have been studied. Experimental results show that coal bottom ash had a good adsorption capacity for copper and COD and could reduce the concentrations of various pollutants in the leachate. The adsorption capacities of each gram of coal bottom ash were 0.48 mg Cu (at pH 4 and temperature 25 degrees C) and 7.5 mg COD (at pH 5 and temperature 25 degrees C); their adsorption behaviors conformed to Freundlich's adsorption model. In treating leachate, the removal efficiencies of COD, NH3--N, total Kjeldah nitrogen, phosphorus, Fe3+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ were 47, 39.4, 31.1, 92.9, 96.5, 94.3 and 82.2%, respectively. Based on these results we can conclude that it is possible to use coal bottom ash for removing pollutants from wastewaters. The adsorption capacities of coal bottom ash for pollutants were also determined.
Non-Fullerene Polymer Solar Cells Based on Alkylthio and Fluorine Substituted 2D-Conjugated Polymers Reach 9.5% Efficiency (2016)

Non-fullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) with solution-processable n-type organic semiconductor (n-OS) as acceptor have seen rapid progress recently owing to the synthesis of new low bandgap n-OS, such as ITIC. To further increase power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices, it is of a great challenge to develop suitable polymer donor material that matches well with the low bandgap n-OS acceptors thus providing complementary absorption and nanoscaled blend morphology, as well as suppressed recombination and minimized energy loss. To address this challenge, we synthesized three medium bandgap 2D-conjugated bithienyl-benzodithiophene-alt-fluorobenzotriazole copolymers J52, J60, and J61 for the application as donor in the PSCs with low bandgap n-OS ITIC as acceptor. The three polymers were designed with branched alkyl (J52), branched alkylthio (J60), and linear alkylthio (J61) substituent on the thiophene conjugated side chain of the benzodithiophene (BDT) units for studying effect of the substituents on the photovoltaic performance of the polymers. The alkylthio side chain, red-shifted absorption down-shifted the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level and improved crystallinity of the 2D conjugated polymers. With linear alkylthio side chain, the tailored polymer J61 exhibits an enhanced JSC of 17.43 mA/cm(2), a high VOC of 0.89 V, and a PCE of 9.53% in the best non-fullerene PSCs with the polymer as donor and ITIC as acceptor. To the best of our knowledge, the PCE of 9.53% is one of the highest values reported in literature to date for the non-fullerene PSCs. The results indicate that J61 is a promising medium bandgap polymer donor in non-fullerene PSCs.
A single injection technique for subtraction of blood background in<sup>131</sup>I-hippuran renograms (1979)

A method of subtracting blood background during proberenography is presented which does not require a prior injection of RIHSA and which produces results approximately 11% higher than the RIHSA method. The new method treats the renogram up to two-and-a-half minutes as a combination of a fraction of the blood curve and a fraction of the integral of the blood curve. Analysis of the data, using either a computer or a programmed calculator, enables these two fractions to be calculated, hence producing the "background subtraction factor" and the "uptake constant".
Aerosol-jet-printed graphene electrochemical histamine sensors for food safety monitoring (2020)

Abstract Carbon nanomaterials such as graphene exhibit unique material properties including high electrical conductivity, surface area, and biocompatibility that have the potential to significantly improve the performance of electrochemical sensors. Since in-field electrochemical sensors are typically disposable, they require materials that are amenable to low-cost, high-throughput, and scalable manufacturing. Conventional graphene devices based on low-yield chemical vapor deposition techniques are too expensive for such applications, while low-cost alternatives such as screen and inkjet printing do not possess sufficient control over electrode geometry to achieve favorable electrochemical sensor performance. In this work, aerosol jet printing (AJP) is used to create high-resolution (∼40 μ m line width) interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) on flexible substrates, which are then converted into histamine sensors by covalently linking monoclonal antibodies to oxygen moieties created on the graphene surface through a CO 2 thermal annealing process. The resulting electrochemical sensors exhibit a wide histamine sensing range of 6.25–200 ppm (56.25 μ M–1.8 mM) and a low detection limit of 3.41 ppm (30.7 μ M) within actual tuna broth samples. These sensor metrics are significant since histamine levels over 50 ppm in fish induce adverse health effects including severe allergic reactions (e.g. Scombroid food poisoning). Beyond the histamine case study presented here, the AJP and functionalization process can likely be generalized to a diverse range of sensing applications including environmental toxin detection, foodborne pathogen detection, wearable health monitoring, and health diagnostics.
Arithmetic and Logic in Computer Systems (2004)

Arithmetic and Logic in Computer Systems provides a useful guide to a fundamental subject of computer science and engineering. Algorithms for performing operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in digital computer systems are presented, with the goal of explaining the concepts behind the algorithms, rather than addressing any direct applications. Alternative methods are examined, and explanations are supplied of the fundamental materials and reasoning behind theories and examples.<br>No other current books deal with this subject, and the author is a leading authority in the field of computer arithmetic. The text introduces the Conventional Radix Number System and the Signed-Digit Number System, as well as Residue Number System and Logarithmic Number System. This book serves as an essential, up-to-date guide for students of electrical engineering and computer and mathematical sciences, as well as practicing engineers and computer scientists involved in the design, application, and development of computer arithmetic units.
Synthesis of 5-Aryl- 1,4-benzoxazepine and 6-phenyl-2H-1,5-benzoxazocine derivatives (1984)

Four 5-aryl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazepines (5a-d), with electron-releasing substituents, were prepared by a Bischler-Napieralski-type reaction of N-(2-aryloxyethyl)benzamides with phosphorus oxychloride in butanenitrile or ethanenitrile. Analogous 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazepines (12a, b), with hydrogen only or a chlorine substituent in the fused aromatic ring, were prepared by C-N ring-closure reactions. Cyclization of a dilute solution of N-[3-(3-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]benzamide (21) with phosphorus oxychloride in ethanenitrile gave a 40% yield of 9-methoxy-6-phenyl-3,4-dihydro- 2H-1,5-benzoxazocine (22). The seven- and eight-membered cyclic imines were converted into their methiodide salts (6a-d), (15a,b) and (24). These were reduced with sodium tetrahydroborate to yield the 5-aryl-4-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzoxazepines (7a-d) and (l6a,b), and the 9-methoxy- 5-methyl-6-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-1,5-benzoxazocine (25). These products were prepared for use as starting materials in ring-expansion reactions through the Meisenheimer rearrangement.