gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of Ba(Y+31/2Ta+51/2)O3 and its dielectric properties in the range 102–1014 Hz, 20–600 K (1994)

The goal of this work was to understand the correlation between microscopic material parameters and the dielectric function of candidate materials for applications in the microwave frequency range. The structure and dielectric properties of Ba2+(Y3+1/2Ta5+1/2)O3 (BYT), a typical representative of the Ba(B3+1/2B5+1/2)O3 complex perovskite family, has been investigated from 102 to 1014 Hz and from 20 to 600 K. At Tc=253±1 K, BYT undergoes an equitranslational improper ferroelastic, second-order phase transition, characterized by the tilting of the oxygen octahedra. The space group symmetry changes from Fm3̄m, in the high temperature phase, to I4/m below Tc. The existence of an intermediate temperature region (Tc−40&lt;T&lt;Tc) has been observed, where the compound exhibits structural and dielectric properties different from those in the well-defined high (T≳Tc) and low (T&lt;Tc−40 K) temperature phases. Infrared reflectivity (1012–1014 Hz) and submillimeter transmission (1011–3×1012 Hz) measurements yield dielectric losses which are believed to be mainly of intrinsic origin (one- and two-phonon absorption). Comparing a theory of two-phonon difference absorption processes, due to thermally activated polar branches, with the loss measured at 400–1400 GHz, the intrinsic loss can be extrapolated to lower frequencies. At 10 GHz the extrapolated value is about 1/4 of the loss actually measured in a BYT resonator. Nonpolar phonons, including the soft branch, which have not been considered for the extrapolation procedure, are partially responsible. The temperature dependencies indicate the soft branch to be of considerable importance for intrinsic losses. Oxygen vacancies can be excluded as an extrinsic loss source, as sintering and annealing in N2, air, and O2 had no measurable influence on the loss at 10 GHz.
Infectious agents and atherosclerotic vascular disease (1996)

The pathological changes underlying occlusive vascular disease show considerable overlap with those caused by a range of infections. Particular viral and bacterial pathogens have long been suspected of playing a part, directly or indirectly, in the process leading to atherosclerosis. We review recent evidence of links between infections and ischaemic heart disease, particularly in the case of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Possible mechanisms for these associations are discussed.
Improved Radiation Performance of Low Profile Printed Slot Antenna Using Wideband Planar AMC Surface (2016)

In this paper, a novel design of low profile printed slot antenna using wideband artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is presented with improved radiation performance. For this purpose, the radiating slots with three unequal arms fed by coplanar waveguide are employed for broadening the impedance bandwidth with three resonances. It achieves a wide impedance bandwidth in the measured frequency range of 7.96-12.56 GHz (S11 ≤ -10 dB) for X-band applications. By loading a novel wideband planar AMC surface as the antenna ground plane, the radiation properties of this printed slot antenna are enhanced. This design includes the measured -10 dB impedance bandwidth from 5.75 to 14.51 GHz (86.48%). The proposed wideband planar AMC design operates at the frequency of 10.15 GHz with ±90° reflection phase bandwidth of 8-12.38 GHz (43.15%). The AMC surface is designed with the 5 × 8 array of periodic patches which are developed underneath the broadband printed slot antenna. In comparison with the proposed design without AMC, the printed slot antenna loaded with AMC introduces 62.82% size reduction, a bandwidth enhancement of 41.65%, and better impedance matching. It also contributes considerable features like a low profile antenna with unidirectional radiation patterns and an increased gain of more than 10.6 dBi.
Regulating the cross‐border movement of prepaid cards (2008)

Purpose The term “prepaid card” refers to the pre‐payment of value process, i.e. pay now and extract value later, and describes most of the prepaid/stored value products available today. These cards have largely supplanted paper gift certificates and travelers checks, and are used as alternatives for traditional paper‐based transactions such as payroll payments, cross‐border remittances, and government assistance or welfare benefit programs. However, the same attributes that make open‐system prepaid cards attractive to legitimate customers make them attractive to money launderers. The purpose of this paper is to make the case for subjecting certain prepaid card products (but not all) to Report of International Transportation of Currency or Monetary Instruments (CMIR) requirements. Design/methodology/approach Addresses how the US law‐enforcement agencies might reconstruct the CMIR enforcement regime to address the unique challenges that prepaid card products present. Findings The money laundering threat posed by these products is not immediate, but it is not conjectural either. US law‐enforcement agencies (and perhaps ultimately the courts) will be required to address the fourth amendment and privacy issues that may arise when a customs officer “searches” a prepaid card by swiping it and ascertaining the value of the funds associated with that card. Originality/value The paper is of value by showing that problem issues can be surmounted, provided the enforcement regime is narrowly targeted to include only those prepaid card products that bear the closest resemblance to currency, and provided the funds associated with those products are maintained in pooled accounts.
Growth and Poverty Revisited (1995)

An explanation of an alternative analysis of poverty based on consumption rather than on annual income, which disputes the documented breakdown in progress against poverty in the 1980s and concludes that the poor appear to benefit from a growing economy now as much as in previous decades.
Polymerization of Diphenylacetylenes with Polar Functional Groups by the Grubbs–Hoveyda Ru Carbene Catalyst (2006)

Abstract Summary: Polymerization of various diphenylacetylene derivatives was investigated by using Grubbs–Hoveyda catalyst ( 1 ). Owing to excellent tolerance for polar functional groups, catalyst 1 polymerized diphenylacetylene ( 2 ) and diphenylacetylene derivatives bearing silyl ( 3 ), siloxy ( 4 and 5 ), ester ( 6 and 7 ), amide ( 8 – 10 ), and carbamate ( 11 ) groups. It is noteworthy that polymerization of monomers 6 – 11 , which have polar functional groups, has been impossible until now due to the deactivation of well‐known Ta catalysts. Although monomers having ester groups ( 6 and 7 ) hardly polymerized, their copolymerization with trimethylsilyl group‐containing diphenylacetylene ( 3 ) afforded copolymers, which incorporated ester moieties more than the monomer feed ratio. While polymers with relatively nonpolar groups [poly( 3 )–poly( 5 )] were soluble in hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane and hexane, polar group‐bearing homo‐ and copolymers (poly( 10 ), poly( 11 ), etc.) dissolved in polar solvents (e.g., DMF and acetone). Polymerization of 1‐(4‐ tert ‐butyldimethylsiloxy)phenyl‐2‐(4‐fluorophenyl)acetylene ( 5 ) gave a high molecular weight polymer ( $\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 178 000) suitable for membrane fabrication, and the membrane of this polymer showed higher gas permeability and permselectivity than that of the Ta‐based polymer. Polymerization of various diphenylacetylenes by the Ru Grubbs–Hoveyda catalyst. magnified image Polymerization of various diphenylacetylenes by the Ru Grubbs–Hoveyda catalyst.
Glycemic control in diabetic dogs treated with pancreatic autotransplants and insulin pumps. (1985)

The restoration of metabolic control in diabetes mellitus is predicated upon the uniform achievement of fasting euglycemia. In the absence of fasting normoglycemia, metabolic control is fundamentally compromised. We asked whether the currently experimental methods of treating experimental diabetes are capable of achieving normality in this regard. We therefore examined fasting plasma glycemia prospectively in a group of normal animals. This important index of metabolic homeostasis was remarkably tightly controlled with a mean +/- SD of 94 +/- 5 mg/dl. As a model of diabetes, we pancreatectomized a similar but larger group of animals. Some received grafts of their own pancreas while some received exogenous insulin by continuous intravenous infusion using an external pump. Half of this infused group received the insulin portally while the other half received it peripherally. Although our findings were globally similar to what has been reported previously, we elucidated subtle differences which heretofore have not been considered. Fist of all, the mean +/- SD fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration in the group of transplanted animals was 103 +/- 16 mg/dl, significantly higher than normal (p less than 0.001). It was, however, similar to the supra-normal levels we observed in the peripherally infused animals (100 +/- 25 mg/dl). Only the portally infused dogs had FPG levels of 95 +/- 27 mg/dl entirely similar to the normal controls. Most remarkably, all treatment methods resulted in variations in FPG levels which were significantly greater than normal (p less than 0.001), with coefficients of variation 3-5 times normal. Whether in the autotransplanted animals this variability represented the peripheral route of endogenous insulin replacement or the aneural nature of the transplanted gland was not clarified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
1H and13C Chemical Shifts of some Tetracyclic Acridinone Derivatives (1997)

The 1H and 13C NMR resonances of 19 tetracyclic acridinone derivatives were completely and unambiguously assigned by a combination of 1H-detected one-bond HMQC and long-range (two and three bonds) HMBC correlation experiments. 1H and 13C chemical shifts are also reported for the respective N-aryl benzoheterocyclic precursors. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[The relatively frequent incidence of severe sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia in the last 25 years in Switzerland. Results of 2 surveys in Switzerland in 1969 and 1984]. (1986)

In 1969 and 1984 all emergency wards in Switzerland were asked to report on the incidence of severe episodes of hypoglycemia (HE) during treatment with sulfonylureas. Each of the two surveys referred to a ten-year period (period A 1960-1969, period B 1975-1984). The number of HE reported was 78 for period A and 116 for period B. The number of diabetics treated with sulfonylurea preparations was established on the basis of tablet consumption, which amounted to 35,000 in period A and 47,500 in period B. The incidence of hypoglycemia in each period was comparable (period A 0.22, and period B 0.24 per 1000 patient years), but differed with regard to the sulfonylurea preparations used. In period A hypoglycemic episodes occurred more frequently under chlorpropamide than under tolbutamide and carbutamide. In period B the incidence of episodes under chlorpropamide and glibenclamide was comparable, but was significantly higher than under tolbutamide and glibornuride. The risk of hypoglycemia occurring is thus significantly higher under glibenclamide and chlorpropamide than under glibornuride and tolbutamide. 6.5% of HE were fatal in period A, compared with 4.3% in period B. Advanced age proved to be a risk factor in HE: 77% of patients with HE were over 69 years of age, whereas only 50% of all diabetics treated with sulfonylurea preparations were in this age group. Further risk factors were impaired renal function (21%) and possible drug interactions (27%). There was less likelihood of recurrence of a hypoglycemic episode in period B than in period A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dye-sensitized nickel(II)oxide photocathodes for tandem solar cell applications (2008)

To date, nickel(II) oxide (NiO) is one of the few p-type semiconductors that has successfully been used for the construction of dye-sensitized photocathodes as well as tandem dye-sensitized solar cells. In this study we present a novel fabrication method for the preparation of mesoporous NiO films based on preformed NiO nanopowders. Critical properties such as pore-size distribution, crystallinity, and internal surface area of the resulting NiO films were controlled through the sintering process and optimized for their application as dye-sensitized photocathodes, resulting in a significantly increased photovoltaic performance, compared to earlier studies. A series of different sensitizers and electrolytes was scrutinized for their application in dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes. Despite its limited absorption range the dye coumarin 343 clearly outperforms other sensitizers used in this study. Values for short-circuit current densities of 2.13 mA cm(-2) and overall energy conversion efficiencies of 0.033% under simulated sunlight (AM1.5, 1000 W m(-2)) are the highest values reported in literature so far.
Printed Media technology for an effective and inexpensive servo track writing of HDDs (2001)

As an alternative method for the servo track writing of hard disk drives (HDDs), a magnetic contact duplication method by using a lithographically patterned master disk has been proposed and investigated. On the master disk, magnetic film pattern according to the information signal to be printed on slave disks is provided by a lithography technique. In this method, unlike the anhysteretic process of the conventional contact duplication method for magnetic tapes, the master information never disappears when a large external field is applied to the master while printing. This duplication method, as we call the Printed Media technology, can provide a very effective and inexpensive lump-sum servo track writing method for HDDs.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ANTIPROTEOLYTICALLY ACTIVE Nα‐ARYLSULFONYLATED AMIDINOPHENYLALANINE AMIDES (1982)

Abstract Die saure Hydrolyse der 3‐ bzw. 4‐Cyanbenzylacetaminomalonester (I) ergibt die Phenylalanine (II), die mit Arylsulfonylchloriden (III) die Sulfonamide (IV) bilden und mit Thionylchlorid zu den Säurechloriden (V) reagieren.
Scalable algorithms for mining large databases (1999)

A large number of corporations have invested heavily in information technology to manage their businesses more effectively, and vast amounts of critical business data have been stored in database systems. The volume of this data is expected to grow considerably in the near future. Yet many organizations have been unable to collect valuable insights from the data to guide their marketing strategy, investment and management policies. One of the reasons for this is that most information is stored implicitly in the large amounts of data. Fortunately, new and sophisticated techniques being developed in the area of data mining can help companies leverage their data more effectively and extract insightful information from their data. This tutorial describes the fundamental algorithms for data mining, many of which have been proposed in recent years. These techniques include association rules, correlation, causal relationships, clustering, outlier detection, similar time sequences, similar images, sequential patterns and classification.
Botulinum Toxin Type A Treatment of Multiple Upper Facial Sites (2007)

Sixty-four-unit BoNTA treatment of upper facial rhytids safely and significantly improves subject-reported outcomes, as measured by the FLO-7 and SPA, and results in a younger, more satisfying, relaxed appearance.
Sublimate (2013)

Recent research in 3D user interfaces pushes towards immersive graphics and actuated shape displays. Our work explores the hybrid of these directions, and we introduce sublimation and deposition, as metaphors for the transitions between physical and virtual states. We discuss how digital models, handles and controls can be interacted with as virtual 3D graphics or dynamic physical shapes, and how user interfaces can rapidly and fluidly switch between those representations. To explore this space, we developed two systems that integrate actuated shape displays and augmented reality (AR) for co-located physical shapes and 3D graphics. Our spatial optical see-through display provides a single user with head-tracked stereoscopic augmentation, whereas our handheld devices enable multi-user interaction through video seethrough AR. We describe interaction techniques and applications that explore 3D interaction for these new modalities. We conclude by discussing the results from a user study that show how freehand interaction with physical shape displays and co-located graphics can outperform wand-based interaction with virtual 3D graphics.
On the Heat Stability of Amyloid-Based Biological Activity: Insights from Thermal Degradation of Insulin Fibrils (2014)

Formation of amyloid fibrils in vivo has been linked to disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and prion-associated transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. One of the characteristic features of amyloid fibrils is the high thermodynamic stability relative both to native and disordered states which is also thought to underlie the perplexingly remarkable heat resistance of prion infectivity. Here, we are comparing high-temperature degradation of native and fibrillar forms of human insulin. Decomposition of insulin amyloid has been studied under helium atmosphere and in the temperature range from ambient conditions to 750°C using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry coupled to mass spectrometry. While converting native insulin into amyloid does upshift onset of thermal decomposition by ca. 75°C, fibrils remain vulnerable to covalent degradation at temperatures below 300°C, as reflected by mass spectra of gases released upon heating of amyloid samples, as well as morphology and infrared spectra of fibrils subjected to incubation at 250°C. Mass spectra profiles of released gases indicate that degradation of fibrils is much more cooperative than degradation of native insulin. The data show no evidence of water of crystallization trapped within insulin fibrils. We have also compared untreated and heated amyloid samples in terms of capacity to seed daughter fibrils. Kinetic traces of seed-induced insulin fibrillation have shown that the seeding potency of amyloid samples decreases significantly already after exposure to 200°C, even though corresponding electron micrographs indicated persisting fibrillar morphology. Our results suggest that amyloid-based biological activity may not survive extremely high temperature treatments, at least in the absence of other stabilizing factors.
Porphyrin Homeostasis Maintained by ABCG2 Regulates Self-Renewal of Embryonic Stem Cells (2008)

The present work demonstrated that ABCG2 protects ES cells from PPIX accumulation during colony expansion, and that p53 and gammaH2AX acts as a downstream checkpoint of ABCG2-dependent defense machinery in order to maintain the self-renewal of ES cells.
Negotiation Model Supporting Co-Allocation for Grid Scheduling (2006)

In order to fulfil the complex resource requirements of some users in grid environments, support for co-allocation between different resource providers is needed. Here, it is quite difficult to coordinate these different services from different resource providers, because a grid scheduler has to cope with different policies and objectives of the different resource providers and of the users. Agreement-based resource management is considered a feasible solution to solve many of these problems as it supports the reliable interaction between different providers and users. However, most current models do not well support co-allocation. Here, negotiation is needed to create such bi-lateral agreements between several grid parties. Such a negotiation process should be automated with no or minimal human interaction, considering the potential scale of grid systems and the amount of necessary transactions. Therefore, strategic negotiation models play an important role. In this paper, a negotiation models which supports the co-allocation between different resource providers are proposed and examined. First simulations have been conducted to evaluate the presented system. The results demonstrate that the proposed negotiation model are suitable and effective for grid environments
Advanced Rat Mammary Cancers Are Growth Hormone Dependent (2007)

Epidemiological studies suggest that the GH/IGF-I axis may promote human cancers. Animal models in which the GH/IGF-I axis can be controlled may be helpful in elucidating the role of these hormones during mammary cancer progression. Beginning at 3 or 5 wk of age, spontaneous dwarf rats (Gh(dr/dr)), which lack GH and have very low serum IGF-I, were treated with either rat or bovine GH twice daily. Other Gh(dr/dr) rats received vehicle, and wild-type Sprague Dawley rats (Gh(+/+), parent strain to SDR) received vehicle. One week later, all rats were exposed to a single injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Body weight gain and serum IGF-I levels were similar in Gh(+/+) and GH-treated Gh(dr/dr) rats. Furthermore, mammary tumor incidence, latency, and multiplicity were similar in Gh(+/+) and GH-treated Gh(dr/dr) rats. Vehicle-treated Gh(dr/dr) rats developed no tumors. Once advanced (> or =1 cm(3)) mammary cancers were established in GH-treated Gh(dr/dr) rats, GH treatments were halted and nearly all tumors regressed completely within 2 wk. Tumor regression was associated with loss of phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, but not alterations in IGF-I, IGF-I receptor, or GH receptor. These results demonstrate that Gh(dr/dr) rats, which are nearly refractory to mammary carcinogenesis, can be made vulnerable by restoring GH and IGF-I. Furthermore, advanced rat mammary cancers are dependent on GH and/or IGF-I for their survival. Therefore, therapeutics that target either GH or IGF-I may be effective at treating even advanced mammary cancers.
Introduction (2006)

In History and Value (1989) Frank Kermode argued that "[t]here seem to be two main ways in which we try to make history manageable for literary purposes: by making canons that are in some sense trans-historical; and by inventing historical periods (108–109)." The term "Renaissance," often associated with the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in Europe, has been "invented" and taught in both of these ways. Beyond functioning as both a period designation and as a principle of scholarly and curricular organization in the study of European cultures, however, the term has also taken on thematic dimensions outside of Europe and has been used to describe changes that may have little connection to the historical period and canon usually associated with that particular temporal and geographical space.
Performance Analysis of Multiuser Diversity in MIMO Systems with Antenna Selection (2008)

In this paper, a framework is presented to analyze the performance of multiuser diversity (MUD) in multiuser point-to-multipoint (PMP) MIMO systems with antenna selection. Based on this framework, the tight closed-form expressions of outage capacity and average symbol error rate are derived for the multiuser transmit antenna selection with maximal-ratio combining (TAS/MRC) system, by which we show how and with what characteristics antenna selection gains, MIMO antenna configurations and fading gains impact on the system performance, with an emphasis on the study of multiuser diversity influence. From both theoretical and simulation results, our study shows that in multiuser PMP TAS/MRC systems an diversity order equals to the product of the number of transmit antennas, number of receive antennas and number of users can be achieved; what's more, users plays a key role in the system performance and can be viewed as equivalent "virtual" transmit antennas, which is the source of the multiuser diversity inherent exists in the multiuser system. This kind of diversity can be efficiently extracted in the design of multiantenna systems.