gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perturbation Theory in the Design of Degenerate Spherical Dielectric Resonators (2012)

The design of resonators with degenerate magnetic and electric modes for negative-index metamaterial applications usually requires the ability to perturb one or both types of modes in order to induce alignment of the negative magnetic and electric properties. The incentive behind the resonator designs presented in this paper is to minimize both the losses and the size of the unit cell, particularly in the case of high frequencies such as the infrared or visible. Thus, the designs discussed in this paper are based on degenerate-mode (the fundamental magnetic and electric modes are aligned in frequency) spherical dielectric resonators which rely on only a single-particle resonator and thereby do not require physical or electrical extensions of the unit cell, as might be seen with other negative-index unit cell designs. Cavity-perturbation techniques are used to arrive at the types of inclusions (in terms of material, polarization, and placement) that are necessary to realize a degenerate spherical dielectric resonator, as well as to derive simple formulas which can be used for the design of these types of resonators. Rigorous electromagnetic simulations of the degenerate resonators are also provided for comparison to the theoretical derivations.
Crown ether-copper-catalyzed decomposition of arenediazonium fluoroborates (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrown ether-copper-catalyzed decomposition of arenediazonium fluoroboratesGeorge D. Hartman and Stephen E. BiffarCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 8, 1468–1469Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00428a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00428a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detergent-dependent Kinetics of Truncated Plasmodium falciparumDihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (2007)

The survival of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is dependent upon the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines. P. falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) catalyzes the fourth step in this pathway in an FMN-dependent reaction. The full-length enzyme is associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane, where ubiquinone (CoQ) serves as the terminal electron acceptor. The lipophilic nature of the co-substrate suggests that electron transfer to CoQ occurs at the two-dimensional lipid-solution interface. Here we show that PfDHODH associates with liposomes even in the absence of the N-terminal transmembrane-spanning domain. The association of a series of ubiquinone substrates with detergent micelles was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry, and the data reveal that CoQ analogs with long decyl (CoQ(D)) or geranyl (CoQ(2)) tails partition into detergent micelles, whereas that with a short prenyl tail (CoQ(1)) remains in solution. PfDHODH-catalyzed reduction of CoQ(D) and CoQ(2), but not CoQ(1), is stimulated as detergent concentrations (Tween 80 or Triton X-100) are increased up to their critical micelle concentrations, beyond which activity declines. Steady-state kinetic data acquired for the reaction with CoQ(D) and CoQ(2) in substrate-detergent mixed micelles fit well to a surface dilution kinetic model. In contrast, the data for CoQ(1) as a substrate were well described by solution steady-state kinetics. Our results suggest that the partitioning of lipophilic ubiquinone analogues into detergent micelles needs to be an important consideration in the kinetic analysis of enzymes that utilize these substrates.
Scheduling recurring tasks in energy harvesting sensors (2011)

We consider the problem of periodic task scheduling in sensor nodes powered with energy harvesters. In particular, we focus on systems with stochastic energy sources such as solar panels, and we present two energy-aware scheduling algorithms that reduce the likelihood of task violations. Our algorithms, called Smooth to Average Method (STAM) and Smooth to Full Utilization (STFU), are static schedulers that do not require prescience of the incoming energy to operate effectively.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF SPIN‐LABELED DERIVATIVES OF PENTAVALENT PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS (1976)

Abstract Stabile Nitroxylradikale in Form der Phosphorsäureester (III) und Phosphorsäureamide (V) können durch Umsetzung aus dem Imidazolyl‐Derivat (I) mit Alkoholen (II) oder Aminen (IV) in Dioxan bei 20 ‐ 26°C gewonnen werden.
Concerning the Questionable Existence of Thioxoindigoid Compounds (1994)

Neither in the solid state, nor in solution—proof of the existence of indigoid compounds such as 1 with thioxo instead of oxo groups remains elusive. The oxidation of leucoindigoid precursors does not lead to 1 in any example examined, but rather to the valence isomeric 1,2-dithiines 2 or to macrocyclic bisdisulfides, depending on the heteroatom X (S, NCH3, NH, O).
Effects of Retinoid  -Glucuronides and N-Retinoyl Amines on the Differentiation of HL-60 Cells in Vitro (1987)

Retinoyl beta-glucuronide and retinyl beta-glucuronide, which are naturally occurring water-soluble metabolites of vitamin A, induce the granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells in vitro, as evidenced by an increased reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. The relative effectiveness of various retinoids in differentiation is retinoic acid greater than retinoyl beta-glucuronide greater than retinyl beta-glucuronide. Under the selected assay conditions, retinol, hydroxyphenyl-retinamide, retinamide, and N-retinoyl-phenylalanine are essentially inactive in differentiation. At concentrations of retinoids from 10(-9) to 10(-5) M, cell viability was best with the retinoid beta-glucuronides and retinamide, less with retinoic acid and retinol, and poorest with the N-retinoyl aromatic amines. Cellular growth was depressed only slightly by retinyl beta-glucuronide and retinamide, but to a greater degree by the other derivatives. Retinoyl beta-glucuronide was hydrolyzed in part to retinoic acid, whereas retinyl beta-glucuronide was cleaved to retinol, if at all, at a very slow rate. Under the selected assay conditions, retinoic acid and the retinoid beta-glucuronides primarily induce the differentiation of HL-60 cells, whereas the N-retinoyl aromatic amines show cytotoxicity.
ICs for mobile multimedia communications (2006)

The seemingly never-ending advancement of silicon technology has resulted in the emergence of mobile broadband communication systems for voice, data and video transmission with good connectivity and proper quality-of-service. Devices are being fabricated using processes managed at atomic levels, while IC design involves detailed systems engineering, including the incorporation of application content. Data-rate and mobility tradeoffs and different standards like 2G, 3G, Bluetooth, WLAN, GPS and digital-video broadcasting, are leading to multimode requirements and topics such as the coexistence of different technologies must be solved. Beyond all of that, secure data transfer using security checks like encryption is most important for the networked world. All of these various topics are, finally, the reason for the appearance of challenging architectural requirements, such as architectural re-configurability and programmability, motivated by the growing importance of multimode and multistandard solutions. While parameters such as data-rate and algorithmic- and circuit-complexity have changed approximately exponentially with time, there has not been much improvement in the battery capacity. For this reason key considerations for mobile products are energy management and power reduction. In this context, the introduction of platform concepts, including analog and RF at the most practical cost, power-levels and form-factors, are key requirements for system-on-chip and system-in-package solutions for current and future mobile multimedia terminals. This talk will explore current multi-million-transistor ICs with multi-billion operations per second of signal processing, along with analog and RF capabilities for mobile multimedia communications. It will also consider special requirements on wafer processes such as leakage and analog and RF capabilities, and will look at how R&D engineers bridge the world of system-level design, silicon and software. Of course, new challenges going forward will be considered and explored
Expression and activity of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in de novo and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (2002)

Overexpression of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) efflux pump in human cancer cell lines results in resistance to a variety of cytostatic agents. The aim of this study was to analyze BCRP protein expression and activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and to determine whether it is up-regulated due to clonal selection at relapse/refractory disease. BCRP protein expression was measured flow cytometrically with the monoclonal antibodies BXP-34 and BXP-21 in 20 paired samples of de novo and relapsed/refractory AML. BXP-34/immunoglobulin G1 ratios were observed of 1.6 +/- 0.5 (mean +/- SD, range 0.8-2.7) and BXP-21/immunoglobulin G2a ratios of 4.9 +/- 3.0 (range 1.1-14.5) in the patient samples versus 9.8 +/- 6.8 and 6.5 +/- 2.4, respectively, in the MCF-7 cell line. BCRP activity was determined flow cytometrically by measuring mitoxantrone accumulation in absence and presence of the inhibitor fumitremorgin C. Mitoxantrone accumulation, expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), varied between 44 and 761 MFI (227 +/- 146 MFI) and correlated inversely with BCRP expression (r = -0.58, P <.001). Addition of fumitremorgin C showed a small increase in mitoxantrone accumulation (11 +/- 29 MFI, n = 40) apart from the effect of PSC833 and MK-571. No consistent up-regulation of BCRP expression or activity was observed at relapse/refractory disease; some cases showed an increase and other cases a decrease at relapse. Relatively high BCRP expression correlated with immature immunophenotype, as determined by expression of the surface marker CD34 (r = 0.54, P =.001). In conclusion, this study shows that BCRP protein is expressed at low but variable levels in AML, especially in immature CD34(+) cells. BCRP was not consistently up-regulated in relapsed/refractory AML.
Design Considerations for Collaborative Visual Analytics (2007)

Information visualization leverages the human visual system to support the process of sensemaking, in which information is collected, organized, and analyzed to generate knowledge and inform action. Though most research to date assumes a single-user focus on perceptual and cognitive processes, in practice, sensemaking is often a social process involving parallelization of effort, discussion, and consensus building. This suggests that to fully support sensemaking, interactive visualization should also support social interaction. However, the most appropriate collaboration mechanisms for supporting this interaction are not immediately clear. In this article, we present design considerations for asynchronous collaboration in visual analysis environments, highlighting issues of work parallelization, communication, and social organization. These considerations provide a guide for the design and evaluation of collaborative visualization systems.
Comparison of the subsite specificity of the mammalian neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (enkephalinase) to the bacterial neutral endopeptidase thermolysin. (1986)

A comparison has been made of the specificity of the mammalian neutral metalloendopeptidase, endopeptidase 24.11, with that of the bacterial neutral metalloendopeptidase thermolysin. A series of synthetic oligopeptides which have previously been studied as substrates for thermolysin and used in computer modeling were examined as substrates for the mammalian enzyme. It was found that P1, P2, and P'3 subsite interactions in the mammalian enzyme, although similar to those found in thermolysin, are less restrictive spatially and are considerably less dependent on hydrophobic interactions. This difference was maximally expressed with the synthetic substrate dansyl-D-alanylglycylnitrophenylalanylglycine which is a substrate for the mammalian enzyme, but not for the bacterial enzyme. A comparison of substrates in the free acid form with their corresponding amides showed that binding to the mammalian enzyme is dependent in part on an ionic interaction between the substrate carboxylate group and the enzyme. Such an ionic interaction was not observed with the bacterial enzyme.
Evaluating low-volume irrigation systems for emission uniformity (1983)

Performance relates more to design and maintenance than to physical deterioration
Nickel‐Catalyzed Borylative Coupling of Alkynes, Enones, and Bis(pinacolato)diboron as a Route to Substituted Alkenyl Boronates (2009)

Three-component coupling reactions of an alkyne, an enone, and a diboron reagent provide access to highly substituted alkenyl boronates in good to excellent yields (see scheme). The coupling is highly regio- and stereoselective, and the products are amenable to further functional-group transformations. R(1),R(2) = H, alkyl, aryl, CO(2)Me; R(3) = alkyl, Ph; R(4),R(5) = H, alkyl.
Identification of a Novel Repressive Element in the Proximal lck Promoter (1995)

The T-cell-specific protooncogene lck, a src-related tyrosine kinase, is under the control of two promoters that give rise to transcripts differing only in their 5'-untranslated regions. The distal promoter is transcriptionally active in both peripheral and thymic T-cells, whereas expression of the proximal promoter is highest in developing thymocytes. The proximal promoter has also been shown to be selectively activated in a number of colon carcinoma cell lines. Approximately 570 base pairs of proximal promoter sequence is required for expression in both T-cells and colon carcinoma cell lines. Protein binding studies were initiated with an oligonucleotide homologous to a region that, when deleted, causes an increase in promoter activity in transgenic animals. Two proteins with approximate molecular masses of 35 and 75 kDa were found to bind to this region as determined by UV cross-linking studies. Absence of specific protein binding is correlated with a high level of proximal promoter expression. Competitive gel retardation analysis identified a 9-base pair binding site within the proximal lck promoter that is necessary for repression of transcription in cells that contain specific binding activity. Mutants of this binding site do not repress transcription. Repression does not occur in a cell line that expresses lck and lacks this activity. These data support the hypothesis that activation of lck transcription in colon carcinoma is due, at least in part, to the loss of a transcriptional repressor.
Identification of novel mammalian growth regulatory factors by genome-scale quantitative image analysis (2005)

Functional profiling technologies using arrayed collections of genome-scale siRNA and cDNA arrayed libraries enable the comprehensive global analysis of gene function. However, the current repertoire of high-throughput detection methodologies has limited the scope of cellular phenotypes that can be studied. In this report, we describe the systematic identification of mammalian growth-regulatory factors achieved through the integration of automated microscopy, pattern recognition analysis, and cell-based functional genomics. The effects of 7364 human and mouse proteins, encoded by individually arrayed cDNAs, upon proliferation and viability in U2OS osteosarcoma cells were evaluated in a live-cell, kinetic assay using quantitative image analysis. Overexpression of more than 86 cDNAs (1.15%) conferred dramatic increases in the proliferation, as determined cell enumeration. These included several known growth regulators, as well as previously uncharacterized ones (LRRK1, Ankrd25). In addition, novel functional roles for two genes (5033414D02Rik, 2810429O05Rik), now termed Gatp1 and Gatp2, respectively, were identified. Further analysis demonstrated that these encoded proteins promoted cellular proliferation and transformation in primary cells. Conversely, cells depleted for Gatp1 underwent apoptosis upon serum reduction, suggesting that Gatp1 is essential for cell survival under growth-factor-restricted conditions. Taken together, our findings offer new insight into the regulation of cellular growth and proliferation, and demonstrate the value and feasibility of assessing cellular phenotypes through genome-level computational image analysis.
논문 : 점봉산 (點鳳山) 잣나무임분의 개체목 공간분포에 따른 유전구조 (2001)

Genetic differentiation of populations is resulted from the environmental and the genetic effects, and the interactions between them. Whereas, the major factors influencing to the genetic differentiation within populations are the gene flow induced by seed or pollen dispersial, the microsite heterogeneity, and the density-dependent distribution of individuals. For the purpose of studying spatial genetic structure and the distribution pattern of Korean pines(Pinus koraiensis), we set up one 100 × 100㎡ plot at a Korean pine stand in Quercus mongolica community on Mt. Jumbong in Korea. To estimate the coefficient of spatial autocorrelation as Moran`s index and an analogue, simple block distance, isozyme markers were analyzed in 325 Korean pines. For 11 polymorphic loci observed in 9 enzyme systems, the average percentage of polymorphic loci, the observed and expected heterozygocity were 72.2% 0.200, and 0.251, respectively. It was revealed the excess of homozygotes was observed in the plot, which suggests that here may be more number of consanguineous trees than expected. On the basis of isozyme genotypes observed in this study, 325 trees were classified into 147 groups in which the maximum number of trees for one group was 34. From the distance class of 24-32m, the genetic heterogeneity began to increase. The variation of simple block distance against the growth performance by tree height and diameter also showed the same trend at 24-32m class. According to high fixation index(F=0.204), the spatial genetic structure within a stand, the analysis of the growth performance, and the distribution patterns of identical genotypes, we inferred that the genetic structure of a Korean pine stand in Mt. Jumbong has been maintained rather density-dependent mechanism than the gene flow, such as the pollen dispersial or the heavy input of seeds following the forest gaps. The genetic patchy size was determined between 24-32m, which suggests that the selection of individuals for the ex situ conservation of Korean pine in Mt. Jumbong may be desirable to be made with the spatial distance over 37 meters between trees.
The BioGRID Interaction Database: 2011 update (2010)

The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID) is a public database that archives and disseminates genetic and protein interaction data from model organisms and humans (http://www.thebiogrid.org). BioGRID currently holds 347,966 interactions (170,162 genetic, 177,804 protein) curated from both high-throughput data sets and individual focused studies, as derived from over 23,000 publications in the primary literature. Complete coverage of the entire literature is maintained for budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) and thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), and efforts to expand curation across multiple metazoan species are underway. The BioGRID houses 48,831 human protein interactions that have been curated from 10,247 publications. Current curation drives are focused on particular areas of biology to enable insights into conserved networks and pathways that are relevant to human health. The BioGRID 3.0 web interface contains new search and display features that enable rapid queries across multiple data types and sources. An automated Interaction Management System (IMS) is used to prioritize, coordinate and track curation across international sites and projects. BioGRID provides interaction data to several model organism databases, resources such as Entrez-Gene and other interaction meta-databases. The entire BioGRID 3.0 data collection may be downloaded in multiple file formats, including PSI MI XML. Source code for BioGRID 3.0 is freely available without any restrictions.
On‐Farm Evaluation of Aluminum Sulfate (Alum) as a Poultry Litter Amendment (2002)

Aluminum sulfate [alum; Al2(SO4)3] amendment of poultry litters has been suggested as a best management practice to help reduce the potential environmental effects of poultry production. Past research has shown that alum treatment reduced NH3 emissions from litters, decreased the loss in runoff of P and trace metals from litter-amended soils, improved poultry health, and reduced the costs of poultry production. We conducted a large scale, "on-farm" evaluation of alum as a poultry (broiler) litter amendment on the Delmarva peninsula to determine the effect of alum on (i) litter properties and elemental composition and (ii) the solubility of several elements in litter that are of particular concern for water quality (Al, As, Cu, P, and Zn). Alum was applied over a 16-mo period to 97 poultry houses on working poultry farms; 97 houses on other farms served as controls (no alum). Litter samples were analyzed initially and after approximately seven alum applications. We found that alum decreased litter pH and the water solubility of P, As, Cu, and Zn. Alum-treated houses also had higher litter total N, NH4-N, and total S concentrations and thus a greater overall fertilizer value than litters from the control houses. Higher litter NH4-N values also suggest that alum reduced NH3 losses from litters. Thus, alum appears to have promise as a best management practice (BMP) for poultry production. Future research should focus on the long-term transformations of P, Al, As, Cu, and Zn in soils amended with alum-treated litters.
Neural Correlates of Motor Memory Consolidation (1997)

Computational studies suggest that acquisition of a motor skill involves learning an internal model of the dynamics of the task, which enables the brain to predict and compensate for mechanical behavior. During the hours that follow completion of practice, representation of the internal model gradually changes, becoming less fragile with respect to behavioral interference. Here, functional imaging of the brain demonstrates that within 6 hours after completion of practice, while performance remains unchanged, the brain engages new regions to perform the task; there is a shift from prefrontal regions of the cortex to the premotor, posterior parietal, and cerebellar cortex structures. This shift is specific to recall of an established motor skill and suggests that with the passage of time, there is a change in the neural representation of the internal model and that this change may underlie its increased functional stability.