gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BAFF: a local and systemic target in autoimmune diseases (2009)

BAFF (B lymphocyte activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor family) is a vital homeostatic cytokine for B cells that helps regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Increased serum levels of BAFF are found in a number of different autoimmune diseases, and BAFF is found in inflammatory sites in which there is lymphoid neogenesis. BAFF antagonism has been used in several autoimmune disease models, resulting in B cell depletion, decreased activation of T cells and dendritic cells (DC) and a reduction in the overall inflammatory burden. BAFF, through its interaction with BAFF-R, is required for survival of late transitional, marginal zone and mature naive B cells, all of which are depleted by BAFF blockade. Through their interactions with TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor) and BCMA (B cell maturation protein), BAFF and its homologue APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand), support the survival of at least some subsets of plasma cells; blockade of both cytokines results in a decrease in serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G. In contrast, neither BAFF nor APRIL is required for the survival or reactivation of memory B cells or B1 cells. BAFF also helps DC maturation and interleukin (IL)-6 release and is required for proper formation of a follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network within germinal centres, although not for B cell affinity maturation. The clinical efficacy of BAFF blockade in animal models of autoimmunity may be caused both by the decline in the number of inflammatory cells and by the inhibition of DC maturation within target organs. Blockade of BAFF and its homologue APRIL are being explored for human use; several Phase I and II clinical trials of BAFF inhibitors for autoimmunity have been completed and Phase III trials are in progress.
Modularization Metrics: Assessing Package Organization in Legacy Large Object-Oriented Software (2011)

There exist many large object-oriented software systems consisting of several thousands of classes that are organized into several hundreds of packages. In such software systems, classes cannot be considered as units for software modularization. In such context, packages are not simply classes containers, but they also play the role of modules: a package should focus to provide well identified services to the rest of the software system. Therefore, understanding and assessing package organization is primordial for software maintenance tasks. Although there exist a lot of works proposing metrics for the quality of a single class and/or the quality of inter-class relationships, there exist few works dealing with some aspects for the quality of package organization and relationship. We believe that additional investigations are required for assessing package modularity aspects. The goal of this paper is to provide a complementary set of metrics that assess some modularity principles for packages in large legacy object-oriented software: Information-Hiding, Changeability and Reusability principles. Our metrics are defined with respect to object-oriented dependencies that are caused by inheritance and method call. We validate our metrics theoretically through a careful study of the mathematical properties of each metric.
Combining multiple knowledge sources for discourse segmentation (1995)

We predict discourse segment boundaries from linguistic features of utterances, using a corpus of spoken narratives as data. We present two methods for developing segmentation algorithms from training data: hand tuning and machine learning. When multiple types of features are used, results approach human performance on an independent test set (both methods), and using cross-validation (machine learning).
A positron emission tomography study of cerebrovascular reserve before and after shunt surgery in patients with idiopathic chronic hydrocephalus (2000)

Object In this study the authors use positron emission tomography (PET) to investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) in chronic hydrocephalus. Methods Ten patients whose mean age was 67 ± 10 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) were compared with 10 healthy volunteers who were 25 ±3 years of age. Global CBF and CVR were determined using 15 O–H 2 O and PET prior to shunt placement and 7 days and 7 months thereafter. The CVR was measured using 1 g acetazolamide. Neurological status was assessed based on a score assigned according to the methods of Stein and Langfitt. Seven months after shunt placement, five patients showed clinical improvement (Group A) and five did not (Group B). The average global CBF before shunt deployment was significantly reduced in comparison with the control group (40 ± 8 compared with 61 ± 7 ml/100 ml/minute; mean ± SD, p < 0.01). In Group A the CBF values were significantly lower than in Group B (36 ± 7 compared with 44 ± 8 ml/100 ml/minute; p < 0.05). The CVR before surgery, however, was not significantly different between groups (Group A = 43 ± 21%, Group B = 37 ± 29%). After shunt placement, there was an increase in the CVR in Group A to 52 ± 37% after 7 days and to 68 ± 47% after 7 months (p < 0.05), whereas in Group B the CVR decreased to 14 ± 18% (p < 0.05) after 7 days and returned to the preoperative level (39 ± 6%) 7 months after shunt placement. Conclusions The preliminary results indicate that a reduced baseline CBF before surgery does not indicate a poor prognosis. Baseline CBF before shunt placement and preoperative CVR are not predictive of clinical outcome. A decrease in the CVR early after shunt placement, however, is related to poor late clinical outcome, whereas early improvement in the CVR after shunt placement indicates a good prognosis.
Fabrication of Copper Nanoparticles: Advances in Synthesis, Morphology Control, and Chemical Stability (2013)

Metal nanoparticles have attracted great interest particularly because of the size dependence of physical and chemical properties and its enormous technological potential. Although most pioneering advancements refers to gold and silver, more recently there is growing interest in nanoparticles of copper, mostly due to its relatively low cost, which could allow the use of these small metal objects in large-scale nanotechnology applications, for example, antiseptics materials and metallic inks. However, the manufacture of copper nanoparticles stable in air with controlled size and shape has been a major challenge because of the relatively high reactivity of this element. Great efforts in getting the basic knowledge and synthesis know-how has gone into finding better ways to produce particles protected against oxidation and selfaggregation under normal conditions. In this review article, we briefly discuss a number of selected papers and recent patents on procedures and other issues related to the fabrication of copper nanoparticles.
Surface-enhanced Raman analysis of sulfa drugs on colloidal silver dispersion (1990)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry (SERS) of three sulfa drugs (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine) is reported. Silver colloidal dispersions prepared by simple borohydride reduction of silver nitrate are used as substrates. The capability of SERS for spectral fingerprinting of analytes with close structural properties using easily prepared substrates and relatively simple instrumentation is illustrated. By careful attention to the timing in the measurement, quantitative information can be obtained from silver colloids. Linearity was achieved up to 100 ng mL-1. Limits of detection range in the low nanograms per milliliter level.
A fully-integrated compact LED module with inductor-less and capacitor-less LED driver (2013)

As LED chip and package continue to improve the luminous efficiency and reliability, the power supply driver starts to play a more important role in a high quality LED lighting system. The conventional LED driver using electrolytic capacitors as the energy storage element has relatively short lifetime, affecting the reliability of the entire LED lighting system. These drivers also contain many components that need to be surface mounted or soldered to a separate PCB which are large in size. This takes physical space in the lighting system, limits the design flexibility such as thermal management and optic design, and adds cost. Much effort has been given to develop high reliability, compact, low cost LED drivers in the recent years in order to accelerate the fast adoption of LED in broader lighting market. A novel LED Light Engine (Disclight™) that integrates a high voltage MOSFET based driver IC with multi LED chip arrays on a single substrate is presented in this paper. Leveraging its innovative control algorithm design and advanced IC technology, this integrated module is capable of connecting to either 110V or a 220V AC power line directly, and can drive the LED array without requiring any additional electronic components such as AC/DC convertor, inductors and electrolyte capacitors. The compact LED module significantly improves the reliability, reduces system cost, and cuts down the physical size of the module by more than 70 percent. These factors make it an excellent choice for indoor lighting applications ranging from 3–20W, such as candle lights, MR16, GU10 lamps and A-lamps. In this paper, we will discuss the working principle of this driver, the LED array structures including both COB and SMD array package, and the electro-optical characteristics of the modules. We will demonstrate an applications of C35 lamp and A60 light bulb with Disclight™ light engine inside and show module testing data that features a high power factor of 0.99 and low THD of <20%, high total lumen efficiency (including driver and LED) of 100m/W at warm white and CRI greater than 80. The LED light engine is also dimmable and is compatible with majority of existing Triac dimmer circuits. In addition, the module complies with EMI and other safety requirements.
Effect of the Ligand and Metal on the pKa Values of the Dihydrogen Ligand in the Series of Complexes [M(H2)H(L)2]+, M = Fe, Ru, Os, Containing Isosteric Ditertiaryphosphine Ligands, L (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of the Ligand and Metal on the pKa Values of the Dihydrogen Ligand in the Series of Complexes [M(H2)H(L)2]+, M = Fe, Ru, Os, Containing Isosteric Ditertiaryphosphine Ligands, LE. Paul Cappellani, Samantha D. Drouin, Guochen Jia, Patricia A. Maltby, Robert H. Morris, and Caroline T. SchweitzerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 8, 3375–3388Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00087a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00087a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1385Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simulation of the mechanical behavior of a HIP implant. Implant fixed to bone by cementation under arbitrary load (2007)

In a previous work a finite elements model was constructed to simulate a fatigue assay according to the norm IRAM 9422-3. Three materials were studied, two of them are the most used in this type of implant (Stainless steel 3161 and alloy T16A14V) and the third was a new developed titanium alloy (Ti35Nb7Zr5Ta). Static loads were applied to the model according to the highest requirements of the norm and the stress – strain distribution were determined.
The Combination of IFN- <i>α</i> 2 and IFN- <i>α</i> 8 Exhibits Synergistic Antiproliferative Activity on Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Cell Lines Through Increased Binding Affinity for IFNAR-2 (2007)

Although there are at least 13 interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) subtypes in humans, interactions between the subtypes remain unknown. To understand IFN-alpha interactions, we examined the antiproliferative activities and the receptor binding affinities of different combinations of IFN-alpha2 and IFN-alpha8 using six renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. Although IFN-alpha8 was the more potent subtype, synergistic and antagonistic antiproliferative effects were also observed in certain combinations of IFN-alpha2 and IFN-alpha8. To analyze the interactions between IFN-alpha2 and IFN-alpha8, the receptor-binding kinetics of different combinations of IFN-alpha2 and IFN- alpha8 to the IFN-alpha receptors, IFNAR-1 or IFNAR-2, were measured using a surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor. Unexpectedly, the receptor binding kinetics to IFNAR-2 but not to IFNAR-1 were mutually related to antiproliferative activity and increase in the binding speed (K(a)) for IFNAR-2. Moreover, we observed the increased fluorescence intensity (FI) of biotin-labeled IFN-alpha8 to IFNAR-2 by receptor binding inhibition assay with unlabeled IFN-alpha2 but not the other combinations. These findings indicate that the binding manner of IFN-alpha8 for IFNAR-2 is different from that of IFN-alpha2, suggesting that binding of IFN-alpha8 rather than binding of IFN-alpha2 to IFNAR-2 leads to activation and subsequent antiproliferative activity despite the same antiviral activity in RCC.
Development of a training phantom for compression breast elastography—comparison of various elastography systems and numerical simulations (2015)

The elastic properties of tissue are related to tissue composition and pathological changes. It has been observed that many pathological processes increase the elastic modulus of soft tissue compared to normal. Ultrasound compression elastography is a method of characterization of elastic properties that has been the focus of many research efforts in the last two decades. In medical radiology, compression elastography is provided as an additional tool with ultrasound B-mode in the existing scanners, and the combined features of elastography and echography act as a promising diagnostic method in breast cancer detection. However, the full capability of the ultrasound elastography technique together with B-mode has not been utilized by novice radiologists due to the nonavailability of suitable, appropriately designed tissue-mimicking phantoms. Since different commercially available ultrasound elastographic scanners follow their own unique protocols, training novice radiologists is becoming cumbersome. The main focus of this work is to develop a tissue-like agar-based phantom, which mimics breast tissue with common abnormal lesions like fibroadenoma and invasive ductal carcinoma in a clinically perceived way and compares the sonographic and elastographic appearances using different commercially available systems. In addition, the developed phantoms are simulated using the finite-element method, and ideal strain images are generated. Strain images from experiment and simulation are compared based on image contrast parameters, namely contrast transfer efficiency (CTE) and observed strain, and they are in good agreement. The strain image contrast of malignant inclusions is significantly improved compared to benign inclusions, and the trend of CTE is similar for all elastographic scanners under investigation.
Preliminary design analysis of tie-line bias control of reactive power (2003)

Generator output and reactive power controls must respond to system disturbances, including changes in system loads and loss of generators or tie lines. This paper describes a novel approach to voltage and reactive power control (VQC) called reactive tie-line bias control (Q-TBC) that is analogous to the tie-line bias control often used for load frequency control (LFC). The Q-TBC regulates a pilot voltage and reactive tie-line flows of a reactive control area by switching capacitors and reactors. A simulation model, which includes both LFC and VQC, has been developed. Sample simulation results show the impact of the Q-TBC on tie-line reactive power flow and bus voltage.
Role of fibronectin in normal wound healing (2013)

Fibronectin is an adhesive molecule that plays a crucial role in wound healing, particularly in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and also in reepithelialisation. Fibronectin plays many different roles in the wound healing process because of the presence of specific function domains and binding sites in its structure. Fibronectin interacts with different cell types, cytokines and the ECM. The main role of fibronectin is ECM formation. First, plasma fibronectin forms a provisional fibrin-fibronectin matrix, which will later be replaced by the mature ECM-containing tissue fibronectin.
On the use of mechatronics for intelligent screw insertions (2002)

The results of a study on the use of mechatronics for improving the intelligence of small electric powered screw drivers (SEPS) is presented. The aim of the research is to implement control and monitoring strategies to enhance the performance of SEPS. A novel, low cost, torque sensor based on capacitance measurements is integrated with SEPS and used for torque control and monitoring of the screw insertion process. An analytical model for an ideal screw insertion operation is developed. The paper describes the monitoring and control strategies employed to improve the performance of SEPS.
Methoxycarbonylation of Ethene by Palladium(II) Complexes with 1,1‘-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) and 1,1‘-Bis(diphenylphosphino)octamethylferrocene (dppomf) (2003)

The square-planar bis(aquo) palladium(II) complexes [Pd(H2O)2(dppf)](OTs)2 and [Pd(H2O)2(dppomf)](OTs)2 are effective catalysts for the methoxycarbonylation of ethene, yet they exhibit quite different selectivity: the dppf-modified catalyst produces several low molecular weight oxygenates, spanning from methyl propanoate to alternating oligomers of carbon monoxide and ethene, while the dppomf catalyst yields exclusively methyl propanoate (dppf = 1,1‘-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; dppomf = 1,1‘-bis(diphenylphosphino)octamethylferrocene; OTs = p-toluenesulfonate). In an attempt to rationalize the different selectivities of the two catalytic systems, the methoxycarbonylation of ethene has been carried out under various experimental conditions in both autoclaves and high-pressure NMR tubes. Also, a number of model compounds have been synthesized with the aim of elucidating the structure of intermediate species observed by NMR during catalysis. Model reactions for the initiation, propagation, and chain-transfer steps in either alternating copolymerization or selective production of methyl propanoate have been performed. On the basis of all of these studies, it can be concluded that the behavior of the dppf precursor is similar to that of any other PdII catalyst modified with a chelating diphosphine. In particular, the formation of β-chelate intermediates from either Pd−H or Pd−OMe and their importance in controlling the perfect alternation of monomers have been experimentally demonstrated. The selective production of methyl propanoate with the use of the dppomf-modified catalyst has been attributed to the greater propensity of dppomf versus dppf to form PdII complexes with a dative Fe−Pd bond, which forces the P atoms to be trans to each other, yielding Pd-acyl species that do not react with ethene in MeOH. β-Chelate species are not formed by the dppomf-modified catalyst.
Micro-step motor (1969)

Abstract : A simple reversible linear motor which steps along a precision track is described. Step size can be varied within the range 0.1 - 5.0 um and final motor position can be adjusted to 0.01 um. More complex versions of the motor and control circuits are also described. The motor uses a piezo-electric tube as the driving element which operates in conjunction with electromagnetic clamps to generate progressive movement. (Author)
Effects of duodenal seal oil administration in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2002)

Long-chain n-3 PUFA in fish oil have modulating effects on inflammatory responses. The aim of this open pilot study was to investigate whether duodenal seal oil administration would benefit patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Seal oil (10 mL) was administered three times a day directly into the distal part of the duodenum via a nasoduodenal feeding tube for 10 d in 10 patients, 5 of whom had Crohn's disease and 5 ulcerative colitis. Nine of the 10 patients suffered from IBD-associated joint pain. Various parameters of disease activity and FA incorporation in tissues were analyzed before and after treatment. Following seal oil therapy, joint pain index, disease activity, and serum cholesterol level were significantly decreased, whereas the n-3 to n-6 ratio both in intestinal biopsies and blood was significantly increased. Measures of calprotectin concentration in gut lavage fluid, intestinal permeability, and lipid peroxidation were not significantly changed. The results suggest positive effects of seal oil in patients with IBD, especially on IBD-associated joint pain. Further controlled studies are warranted.
Activation of the RAGE pathway: a general mechanism in the pathogenesis of polyneuropathies? (2007)

These data suggest that activation of the RAGE pathway might contribute to the pathogenesis of CIDP, PNP owing to vitamin B12 deficiency, diabetes and vasculitis, whereas it does not seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of PNP owing to alcohol, MGUS, CMT I or II and idiopathic PNP.
Coronary air embolism: Incidence, severity, and suggested approaches to treatment (1995)

Because no well-controlled study of inadvertent coronary air embolism has been done to truly quantify the incidence of this cardiac catheterization complication, we wanted to determine its incidence and severity in an active teaching medical center and assess approaches to treatment. We retrospectively reviewed 3,715 coronary angiogram and PTCA reports performed over 32 months. Further, we classified severity based on angiographic findings and symptoms as minimal, mild, moderate, and massive. Two independent angiographers reviewed 764 consecutive cines performed in the first 2 months of training of each new fellow and 740 cines performed in the last 2 months of training. We found that during the first 2 months of training the overall incidence for significant intracoronary air embolism was 0.19% (7 documented cases) compared with 0.2% (3 cases) for non-reported, minimal asymptomatic air embolism. The estimated incidence for total air emboli events was 0.27% (10/3,715). We did not find coronary air emboli in the 740 cines performed at the end of fellowship training. Additionally, the incidence of coronary air emboli during PTCA training was much higher compared with coronary angiography training (0.84 vs. 0.24%). Although there is no best technique to restore blood flow after blockage by air emboli, we suggest as options aspirating the air or forcefully injecting saline, with auxiliary supportive measures like 100% oxygen, IABP, CPR, and DC cardioversion.