gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Reference Voltage Sensing Scheme for Read Margin Improvement in STT-MRAMs (2017)

This paper proposes a novel approach to enhance the STT-MRAMs read margin based on the concept of dynamic reference (DR). Our dynamic reference scheme dynamically adjusts the sense amplifier reference voltage according to the bitline voltage, aiming to widen the difference between the bitline and the reference voltage (i.e., the read margin). As a result, larger variations can be accommodated, thus improving the read robustness and substantially reducing the read failure rate. This DR scheme does not require any change in the bitcell and requires minimal modifications of conventional arrays, hence it can be jointly used with existing assist techniques enhancing the read robustness. From Monte Carlo simulations in 65 nm, the proposed DR scheme improves the read bit error rate by two orders of magnitude across a wide range of voltages (0.75-1.2 V) compared with the conventional voltage sensing scheme. This is achieved at 0.3% area overhead, less than 15% performance degradation, and less than 25% energy penalty. Furthermore, the joint adoption of the DR approach and switched-cap bitline boosting further reduces the sense amplifier area by 25% at iso-failure rate, and reduces the energy by 6-10% compared with the standalone DR.
Studies on antioxidative activity of some C-glycosylflavones. (1992)

Ten flavonoid C-glycosyl derivatives: orientin (1), isoorientin (2), vitexin (3), isovitexin (4), isovitexin 7,2"-di-O-glucoside (5), isovitexin 7-O-galactoside-2"-O-glucoside (6), two different 6,8-di-C-hexosylapigenins (7, 8), and two different 6-C-hexosyl-8-C-pentosylapigenins (9, 10) have been either produced from flavonoid fractions from Adonis vernalis L. (1, 2) and Crataegus species (3, 4), or isolated from Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (5-10) to study their antioxidative properties. These were found only for two compounds: orientin (1) and isoorientin (2).
Changes in Preterm Breast Milk Nutrient Content in the First Month (2014)

The longitudinal study revealed significant changes in macronutrient contents and secretory IgA concentration in preterm milk over the 4-6 week period, which is compatible with the results of previous studies. The quantification of phosphate in preterm breast milk was lower than the normal range, suggesting that close monitoring of body bone mass may be indicated. More studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical significance of alterations of major milk components during the postnatal stage.
Shear rate-dependent impairment of thrombus growth on collagen in nonanticoagulated blood from patients with von Willebrand disease and hemophilia A (1992)

Thrombus formation on collagen fibrils was quantified at venous (100/s) and arterial (650/s and 2,600/s) wall shear rates in blood from patients with various subtypes of von Willebrand disease (vWD) and with hemophilia A (HA). Nonanticoagulated blood was drawn directly from an antecubital vein over purified type III collagen fibrils exposed in parallel-plate perfusion chambers. Blood-collagen interactions were differentiated and quantified by morphometry as platelet adhesion, thrombus height, thrombus volume, and deposition of fibrin strands. Sixteen patients with vWD, including four type III, six type I, four type IIA, and two type IIB, were compared with 26 normal subjects and nine patients with HA, including six severe HA and three mild HA. Platelet adhesion and thrombus formation at 2,600/s were significantly decreased in blood from patients with vWD type III, IIA, and IIB, but not in blood from patients with type I and in HA. The abnormal thrombus formation was apparently not related to the decreased levels of factor VIII (F.VIII), because thrombus height and volume were normal in severe and mild HA. Thrombus formation at 650/s was also significantly decreased in patients with vWD type III, IIA, and IIB and slightly reduced in type I. Significant reduction in thrombus volume and height was also observed in blood from patients with severe HA, but not in mild HA. Thrombus dimensions were not affected at 100/s in the vWD subtypes. However, significantly decreased thrombus height and virtually absent fibrin deposition were observed in blood from patients with severe HA. Apparently, F.VIII supports thrombus formation at low and intermediate shear conditions, presumably through the generation of thrombin. In contrast, von Willebrand factor (vWF) mediates not only platelet adhesion, but also thrombus formation at intermediate and high shear rates. Thus, the relative contribution of coagulation (F.VIII) and platelet function (vWF) in thrombus formation appears to be shear rate dependent, but having optimal effects at different shear conditions.
Microfluidic Liquid Chromatography System for Proteomic Applications and Biomarker Screening (2006)

A microfluidic liquid chromatography (LC) system for proteomic investigations that integrates all the necessary components for stand-alone operation, i.e., pump, valve, separation column, and electrospray interface, is described in this paper. The overall size of the LC device is small enough to enable the integration of two fully functional separation systems on a 3 in. x 1 in. glass microchip. A multichannel architecture that uses electroosmotic pumping principles provides the necessary functionality for eluent propulsion and sample valving. The flow rates generated within these chips are fully consistent with the requirements of nano-LC platforms that are routinely used in proteomic applications. The microfluidic device was evaluated for the analysis of a protein digest obtained from the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. The cytosolic protein extract was processed according to a shotgun protocol, and after tryptic digestion and prefractionation using strong cation exchange chromatography (SCX), selected sample subfractions were analyzed with conventional and microfluidic LC platforms. Using similar experimental conditions, the performance of the microchip LC was comparable to that obtained with benchtop instrumentation, providing an overlap of 75% in proteins that were identified by more than two unique peptides. The microfluidic LC analysis of a protein-rich SCX fraction enabled the confident identification of 77 proteins by using conventional data filtering parameters, of 39 proteins with p < 0.001, and of 5 proteins that are known to be cancer-specific biomarkers, demonstrating thus the potential applicability of these chips for future high-throughput biomarker screening applications.
SUPPRESSION OF EXPERIMENTAL "ALLERGIC" ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN GUINEA PIGS BY ENCEPHALITOGENIC PROTEINS EXTRACTED FROM HOMOLOGOUS BRAIN (1960)

The intradermal injection of aqueous solutions of certain homologous neural proteins will suppress the encephalomyelitis which is induced in guinea pigs by the previous injection of whole homologous brain with Freund's adjuvants. These neural proteins extracted by dilute acid from defatted guinea pig brain are themselves highly encephalitogenic when injected with adjuvants, but the specificity of this suppression for encephalitogenic as compared to non-encephalitogenic extracts remains to be proven. Suppression is probably not due to a non-specific stress reaction, as indicated by the absence of suppression by intradermal injections of alcohol and by statistically insignificant and inconstant effects of similar injections of tuberculin.
cAMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase A‐Stimulated Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Function in Heart Failure<sup>a</sup> (1998)

It is unclear whether decreased protein expression of SERCA2 (SR-Ca(2+)-ATPase) and phospholamban (PLB), or alterations in the phosphorylation state of PLB leading to increased inhibition of SERCA2 are responsible for the reduced SERCA2 function in failing human myocardium. In crude membrane preparations from patients with terminal heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and control hearts (NF), SERCA2 activity was measured with a NADH coupled assay. Protein expression of SERCA2 and PLB and the phosphorylation state at the two phosphorylation sites, serine-16-PLB and threonine-17-PLB, were investigated with specific (phosphorylation) antibodies and Western blot technique. In NF, the Vmax and the Ca2+ sensitivity of SERCA2 activity were significantly higher compared to DCM. Protein expression of SERCA2 and PLB were unchanged, whereas the phosphorylation status at both serine-16-PLB and threonine-17-PLB were significantly reduced in DCM. The native phosphorylation status of PLB measured by the back-phosphorylation technique was reduced in DCM as well. After stimulation with protein kinase A only the Ca2+ sensitivity, but not Vmax, increased. The reduced phosphorylation state of PLB may lead to decreased Ca2+ sensitivity of SERCA2 in failing human myocardium. The altered regulation of the SR-CA(2+)-ATPase in human heart failure may offer an opportunity for an improvement in the therapy of heart failure.
Thiophene Isosters of Phenylethanolamines (1975)

The reaction of a variety of substituted thiophenes, under Friedel–Craft conditions, leading to acetylthiophenes is described. Some of the by-products obtained are isolated and their mode of formation rationalized. The bromination, the reduction of the bromoketones, and their transformation to thienylethanolamines is reported. The degradation products of bromohydrin as well as isomeric amines obtained in the final substitution reaction are characterized and a possible mechanism for the formation of these compounds is proposed.
An unusual lineage of alpha/beta T cells that contains autoreactive cells. (1991)

In male mice that express a transgenic alpha/beta T cell receptor (TCR) specific for a male-specific peptide presented by class I Db major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, we describe an unusual lineage of alpha/beta T cells that are thymus dependent but do not require selection by Db MHC molecules on thymic epithelium in the absence of the specific peptide (positive selection). These cells express the transgenic alpha/beta TCR and have the CD4-8- or CD4-8low phenotype. Cells with the latter phenotype are only detected when hemopoietic cells express both the male-specific peptide as well as Db MHC molecules. In fact, these cells are autoreactive, as they expand relatively slowly after transfer into male nude mice. Also in male but not female alpha/beta TCR transgenic mice, the CD8+ cells with the transgenic TCR bear the Pgp1 marker characteristic of mature T cells activated by antigen. CD4-8- as well as CD4-8low cells do not respond significantly when cultured with male stimulator cells but proliferate vigorously when stimulated by TCR antibodies. By this latter criterion, cells in the periphery of male alpha/beta TCR transgenic mice differ from mature male-specific T cells from female alpha/beta TCR transgenic, which become intrinsically anergic when transferred into male nude mice and cannot be stimulated significantly by TCR antibodies. Thus, intrathymic deletion does not eliminate all autoreactive T cells and it is possible that cells with an apparently "benign" autoreactivity may be involved in certain forms of autoimmunity.
Evaluation of the Degree of Separation between Two Data Populations with Statistical Algorithms (2012)

Abstract : This report investigates various existing statistical methods available in the literature and new statistical methods for evaluating the degree of separation between two peaks or two populations of data. The algorithms evaluated in this study include the direct percentage of overlap between the two populations of data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, the area between the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and diagonal line, and the ROC curve length (LROC). These algorithms are compared to the standard reference probability distribution for each data profile to be separated. Evaluations of the algorithms are presented in order to determine the relative degree of separation between the two peaks or distributions. The LROC is determined to provide the best estimation of the degree of separation compared to the other methods.
Suppression of growth, migration and invasion of highly-metastatic human breast cancer cells by berbamine and its molecular mechanisms of action (2009)

Our findings have showed that BER suppresses the growth, migration and invasion in highly-metastatic human breast cancer cells by possibly inhibiting Akt and NF-kappaB signaling with their upstream target c-Met and downstream targets Bcl-2/Bax, osteopontin, VEGF, MMP-9 and MMP-2. BER has synergistic effects with anticancer agents trichostatin A, celecoxib and carmofur on inhibiting the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells and reducing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and/or VEGF expressions in the cancer cells. These findings suggest that BER may have the wide therapeutic and/or adjuvant therapeutic application in the treatment of human breast cancer and other cancers.
Linear multivariable control of two‐link robots (1986)

Abstract Several simple multivariable controllers such as proportional (P), proportional‐derivative (PD), proportional‐integral (PI), and proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) are investigated and designed for stabilization and regulation of a two‐link planar robot. A new multivariable controller is introduced in this article to achieve command matching. The multivariable controllers are designed on the basis of a linearized model of the robot dynamics. Numerous simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of the multivariable controllers for the two‐link planar robot.
PaSTeL: Parallel Runtime and Algorithms for Small Datasets (2009)

In this paper, we put forward PaSTeL, an engine dedicated to parallel algorithms. PaSTeL offers both a programming model, to build parallel algorithms and an execution model based on work-stealing. Special care has been taken on using optimized thread activation and synchronization mechanisms. In order to illustrate the use of PaSTeL a subset of the STL's algorithms was implemented, which were also used on performance experiments. PaSTeL's performance is evaluated on a laptop computer using two cores, but also on a 16 cores platform. PaSTeL shows better performance than other implementations of the STL, especially on small datasets.
Steam-Cooking and Dry Heating Produce Resistant Starch in Legumes (1996)

Starch was isolated from either raw or steam-heated black, red, and lima beans. Isolates from steam-heated legumes were rich in indigestible (resistant) starch (19−31%, dmb), a fact not observed when raw seeds were used. Similarly, resistant starch measured directly in conventionally and high-pressure steamed beans was 3−5 times higher than in the raw pulses, suggesting retrogradation as the major mechanism behind the reduction in digestibility. Thus, steam-heating comes forth as an effective way to produce resistant starch in legumes. Prolonged steaming as well as short dry pressure heating decreased the enzymatically assessed total starch content of whole beans by 2−3% (dmb), indicating that these treatments may induce formation of other types of indigestible starch. Keywords: Beans; dry heating; legumes; resistant starch; starch digestibility; steam-cooking
Illicit Bits: Detecting and Analyzing Contraband Networks in Massively Multiplayer Online Games (2011)

Although trade in illicit items and services is prevalent in many economic systems, collecting reliable data and making empirical claims about this activity is difficult. Using anonymized behavioral logs from a massively multiplayer online game, we analyze the items exchanged by players later banned for gold farming. We simultaneously analyze clandestine social networks of deviant players in MMOGs as well the network of contraband items that are sold by these players. The insights from the network analysis are used to build predictive models for identifying deviant players in the clandestine networks. We show that the results obtained from our proposed approach are far superior to the state of the art for such clandestine networks. Additionally we observed that the contraband networks contain certain type of objects which are not found in their "normal" counterparts.
ShapePalettes (2007)

We present a simple interactive approach to specify 3D shape in a single view using "shape palettes". The interaction is as follows: draw a simple 2D primitive in the 2D view and then specify its 3D orientation by drawing a corresponding primitive on a shape palette. The shape palette is presented as an image of some familiar shape whose local 3D orientation is readily understood and can be easily marked over. The 3D orientation from the shape palette is transferred to the 2D primitive based on the markup. As we will demonstrate, only sparse markup is needed to generate expressive and detailed 3D surfaces. This markup approach can be used to model freehand 3D surfaces drawn in a single view, or combined with image-snapping tools to quickly extract surfaces from images and photographs.
The Partial-Rank Algorithm for Adaptive Beamforming (1986)

This paper describes a new family of algorithms for adaptive weight computation for sensor arrays with arbitrary geometries. This family includes existing algorithms of the steepest-descent and matrix-factorization types, plus a range of new algorithms that are intermediate between these two classes, in terms of performance and computational complexity. This approach is particularly valuable for applications where steepest descent is too slow, but the standard matrix methods require too much computation.
Orientation- and scale-invariant recognition of textures in multi-object scenes (1997)

This article describes a novel approach to orientation and scale-invariant detection of textured objects in images. It performs both, a segmentation of multi-object scenes and the identification of rotation angles and scale rates of textures in an image by applying a comparison with reference texture features stored in a database. The main novelty of the proposed method is the transform of rotation and dilation into shifts in the feature space by employing a polar-log Gabor filter bank. Texture segmentation and identification of the rotation angles and scale rates have been carried out using symmetric phase only matched filters. The simulation results illustrated highlight the performance of the presented method in an exemplary manner.
Self-sustaining dose control system: ways to improve the exposure process (2000)

In the semiconductor equipment business, self-metrology calls for in-situ measurements and diagnostics of the process parameters. For exposure tools, self-diagnostics and self-tuning are the core features. The present paper discusses a dose control system that allows for monitoring, correction and periodic self-calibration of the litho tool. Creation of such a system becomes a task even more complex in view of the aggressive illumination environment - 193 and 157 nm - that makes most traditional optical materials inapplicable; and causes many that are applicable to have time-varying performance.
Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled and Interpretable Representations from Sequential Data (2017)

We present a factorized hierarchical variational autoencoder, which learns disentangled and interpretable representations from sequential data without supervision. Specifically, we exploit the multi-scale nature of information in sequential data by formulating it explicitly within a factorized hierarchical graphical model that imposes sequence-dependent priors and sequence-independent priors to different sets of latent variables. The model is evaluated on two speech corpora to demonstrate, qualitatively, its ability to transform speakers or linguistic content by manipulating different sets of latent variables; and quantitatively, its ability to outperform an i-vector baseline for speaker verification and reduce the word error rate by as much as 35% in mismatched train/test scenarios for automatic speech recognition tasks.
Regulating Cell Apoptosis on Layer-by-Layer Assembled Multilayers of Photosensitizer-Coupled Polypeptides and Gold Nanoparticles (2016)

The design of advanced, nanostructured materials by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly at the molecular level is of great interest because of the broad application of these materials in the biomedical field especially in regulating cell growth, adhesion, movement, differentiation and detachment. Here, we fabricated functional hybrid multilayer films by LbL assembly of biocompatible photosensitizer-coupled polypeptides and collagen-capped gold nanoparticles. The resulting multilayer film can well accommodate cells for adhesion, growth and proliferation. Most significantly, controlled cell apoptosis (detachment) and patterning of the multilayer film is achieved by a photochemical process yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the site and shape of apoptotic cells can be controlled easily by adjusting the location and shape of the laser beam. The LbL assembled multilayer film with integration of functions provides an efficient platform for regulating cell growth and apoptosis (detachment).
RANDOMIZED STUDY OF TESTOSTERONE GEL AS ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY TO SILDENAFIL IN HYPOGONADAL MEN WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION WHO DO NOT RESPOND TO SILDENAFIL ALONE (2004)

T-gel taken with sildenafil may be beneficial in improving erectile function in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction who are unresponsive to sildenafil alone.
Oral minoxidil bio‐activation by hair follicle outer root sheath cell sulfotransferase enzymes predicts clinical efficacy in female pattern hair loss (2019)

patent 10226462 detection and treatment of excessive hair shedding Miot HA: no conflict of interest Topical minoxidil (TM) is the only FDA-approved medication for the treatment of female pattern hair loss (FPHL). 1 Minoxidil is a pro-drug.TM efficacy in FPHL requires bio-activation into minoxidil sulfate by sulfotransferase enzymes. 2 Sulfotransferases are xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes expressed in many tissues with the highest expression found in the human liver. 36] The clinical response to TM is variable.Several strategies have been previously explored to overcome lack of response to 5% TM secondary to low ORS sulfotransferases activity. 7Use of higher concentrations of TM is effective in up to 60% of non-responders. 8
MHCII-independent CD4+ T cells protect injured CNS neurons via IL-4 (2015)

A body of experimental evidence suggests that T cells mediate neuroprotection following CNS injury; however, the antigen specificity of these T cells and how they mediate neuroprotection are unknown. Here, we have provided evidence that T cell-mediated neuroprotection after CNS injury can occur independently of major histocompatibility class II (MHCII) signaling to T cell receptors (TCRs). Using two murine models of CNS injury, we determined that damage-associated molecular mediators that originate from injured CNS tissue induce a population of neuroprotective, IL-4-producing T cells in an antigen-independent fashion. Compared with wild-type mice, IL-4-deficient animals had decreased functional recovery following CNS injury; however, transfer of CD4+ T cells from wild-type mice, but not from IL-4-deficient mice, enhanced neuronal survival. Using a culture-based system, we determined that T cell-derived IL-4 protects and induces recovery of injured neurons by activation of neuronal IL-4 receptors, which potentiated neurotrophin signaling via the AKT and MAPK pathways. Together, these findings demonstrate that damage-associated molecules from the injured CNS induce a neuroprotective T cell response that is independent of MHCII/TCR interactions and is MyD88 dependent. Moreover, our results indicate that IL-4 mediates neuroprotection and recovery of the injured CNS and suggest that strategies to enhance IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells have potential to attenuate axonal damage in the course of CNS injury in trauma, inflammation, or neurodegeneration.