gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-ray microbeam diffraction: Rapid multilength- scale characterization spanning micrometers to millimeters (2000)

With the advent of the newest generation of synchrotron x-radiation sources, capabilities for and interest in all x-ray microbeam techniques, including microbeam diffraction, has leapt forward.Diffraction with beam diameters one micrometer or smaller is a reality, allowing multi-length-scale, crystallographically-related characterization with micrometer resolution spanning fields (and depths) of view of millimeters and strains varying over at least four orders of magnitude.Furthermore, high brightness, high energy x-ray photons from the new storage rings allow diffraction from the interior of samples previously only accessible with neutrons.It is not yet clear what combinations of these attributes can be achieved simultaneously, and the focus here will be on different approaches to high resolution microbeam diffraction, with emphasis on the thirddimension, i.e., perpendicular to the sample's surface.First, formation of microbeams for x-ray diffraction will be reviewed briefly.Various approaches to determining the depth from which diffracted beams originate will be covered next.Different groups' x-ray microbeam diffraction work will be used to illustrate areas of current activity, and these extend from grain subdivision processes to microtexture mapping to mesotexture quantification.Of particular importance is how these results can be incorporated into physically-based models of complex phenomena such as complex, high strain processing and fatigue crack closure.Challenges associated with the new capabilities will also be mentioned.s7.m2.
Polymer-Laden Composite Lignin-Based Electrolyte Membrane for High-Performance Lithium Batteries (2018)

Lignin is an eco-friendly, low-cost, and abundant natural biopolymer. However, few studies have explored the potential application of lignin as electrolyte matrix for lithium-ion batteries or obtained excellent cell performance using lignin-based electrolyte. In this paper, lignin and poly(N-vinylimidazole)-co-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) are mixed thoroughly in water, then a free-standing lignin-based film is obtained by casting and drying. The resulting film shows obviously higher mechanical strength (over 10 times) than that of the pure lignin film due to the construction of internal physical cross-linking network. Through activation of the prepared film by organic electrolyte, the membrane exhibits superior electrochemical performances (such as outstanding lithium-ion transfer number (0.63) and the ability to inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites). As a result, the LiFePO4/lignin-based electrolyte/Li cell presents excellent long cycle performance (∼150 mAh g–1 at 1 C more than 450 cycles) and rate capacity (110 mAh g–1 at 10 C) at room temperature (RT), which is better than that of the cells using a commercial separator. Moreover, the LiCoO2/lignin-based electrolyte/Li cell also shows superior cell performance at RT. Thus, the lignin-based electrolyte with the outstanding comprehensive property has the potential to replace separator and to be widely applied in high-performance and high-safety LIBs.
Organic Materials Challenges for 193 nm Imaging (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Materials Challenges for 193 nm ImagingElsa Reichmanis, Omkaram Nalamasu, and Frank M. HoulihanView Author Information Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1999, 32, 8, 659–667Publication Date (Web):February 19, 1999Publication History Received9 July 1998Published online19 February 1999Published inissue 1 August 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar970150nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar970150nresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views790Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Dissolution,Etching,Inhibitors,Materials,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Mobile multicast with routing optimization for recipient mobility (2002)

This paper explores the issues of multicasting for mobile hosts using IETF mobile IP. Mobile IP suggests two approaches for mobile multicasting, namely, remote subscription (MIP-RS) and bi-directional tunneling (MIP-BT). MIP-RS uses a naive join-and-leave policy for mobile hosts and causes serious packet losses while roaming. MIP-BT is free from packet losses due to roaming; however, MIP-BT and its modification MoM suffer from inefficient routing and wastage of system resources. In this paper, we propose a new mobile multicasting protocol called mobile multicast with routing optimization (MMROP) that employs a modified join-and-leave mechanism, and routes the missing data sequence due to the "out-of-synch" problem to other agents in the adjacent networks via tunneling for roaming terminals. With MMROP, the mobility agent in mobile IP is extended to assist multicasting for mobiles. We also developed a cost analytical model to evaluate the performance of MMROP, in comparison to MIP-RS, MIP-BT, and MoM. The results demonstrate that MMROP has optimal routing efficiency, low delivery cost and high robustness, as compared to other approaches.
The Human Platelet Membrane Proteome Reveals Several New Potential Membrane Proteins (2005)

We present the first focused proteome study on human platelet membranes. Due to the removal of highly abundant cytoskeletal proteins a wide spectrum of known platelet membrane proteins and several new and hypothetical proteins were accessible. In contrast to other proteome studies we focused on prefractionation and purification of membranes from human platelets according to published protocols to reduce sample complexity and enrich interesting membrane proteins. Subsequently protein separation by common one-dimensional SDS-PAGE as well as the combined benzyldimethyl-n-hexadecylammonium chloride/SDS separation technique was performed prior to mass spectrometry analysis by nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. We demonstrate that the application of both separation systems in parallel is required for maximization of protein tagging out of a complex sample. Furthermore the identification of several potential membrane proteins in human platelets yields new potential targets in functional platelet research.
Reactions of 1-unsubstituted tautomeric 2-pyridones with benzyne. (1985)

The reactions of 1-unsubstituted 2-pyridones with benzyne afforded the Diels-Alder adduct, 5, 6-benzo-2-azabarrelen-3 (2H)-ones, together with a large amount of the Michael-type adduct, 2-phenoxypyridines.
Covalent functionalization of polydisperse chemically-converted graphene sheets with amine-terminated ionic liquid (2009)

A facile method to obtain polydisperse chemically-converted graphene sheets that are covalently functionalized with ionic liquid was reported -- the resulting graphene sheets, without any assistance from polymeric or surfactant stabilizers, can be stably dispersed in water, DMF, and DMSO.
Factors influencing the stability of acid-precipitated polyvalent Bordetella pertussis bulk suspensions. (1975)

According to the statistical analysis of the potency values of acid precipitated polyvalent bulk suspensions of Bordetella pertussis, the potency of suspensions decreased below 8 IU/30 IOU during storage for 5 to 9.8 years. The average annual decrease over a 13-year period was 2.03 IU/30 IOU. The periodicity in the decrease of potency values was assumed to be connected with changes in the quality of the casein hydrolysate ingredient of the medium. Periodic functions employed to approach potency values with limits of 1 SD falling within the range of 64--156% indicated that the potency decreased below 8 IU/30 IOU after 9 years.
Regulation of Alternative Macrophage Activation by Galectin-3 (2008)

Alternative macrophage activation is implicated in diverse disease pathologies such as asthma, organ fibrosis, and granulomatous diseases, but the mechanisms underlying macrophage programming are not fully understood. Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding lectin present on macrophages. We show that disruption of the galectin-3 gene in 129sv mice specifically restrains IL-4/IL-13-induced alternative macrophage activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro and in resident lung and recruited peritoneal macrophages in vivo without affecting IFN-gamma/LPS-induced classical activation or IL-10-induced deactivation. IL-4-mediated alternative macrophage activation is inhibited by siRNA-targeted deletion of galectin-3 or its membrane receptor CD98 and by inhibition of PI3K. Increased galectin-3 expression and secretion is a feature of alternative macrophage activation. IL-4 stimulates galectin-3 expression and release in parallel with other phenotypic markers of alternative macrophage activation. By contrast, classical macrophage activation with LPS inhibits galectin-3 expression and release. Galectin-3 binds to CD98, and exogenous galectin-3 or cross-linking CD98 with the mAb 4F2 stimulates PI3K activation and alternative activation. IL-4-induced alternative activation is blocked by bis-(3-deoxy-3-(3-methoxybenzamido)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl) sulfane, a specific inhibitor of extracellular galectin-3 carbohydrate binding. These results demonstrate that a galectin-3 feedback loop drives alternative macrophage activation. Pharmacological modulation of galectin-3 function represents a novel therapeutic strategy in pathologies associated with alternatively activated macrophages.
Intralysosomal Cystine Accumulation in Mice Lacking Cystinosin, the Protein Defective in Cystinosis (2002)

Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an accumulation of intralysosomal cystine. The causative gene, CTNS, encodes cystinosin, a seven-transmembrane-domain protein, which we recently showed to be a lysosomal cystine transporter. The most severe and frequent form of cystinosis, the infantile form, appears around 6 to 12 months, with a proximal tubulopathy (de Toni-Debré-Fanconi syndrome) and ocular damage. End-stage renal failure is reached by 10 years of age. Accumulation of cystine in all tissues eventually leads to multisystemic disease. Treatment with cysteamine, which reduces the concentration of intracellular cystine, delays disease progression but has undesirable side effects. We report the first Ctns knockout mouse model generated using a promoter trap approach. We replaced the last four Ctns exons by an internal ribosome entry site-betagal-neo cassette and showed that the truncated protein was mislocalized and nonfunctional. Ctns(-/-) mice accumulated cystine in all organs tested, and cystine crystals, pathognomonic of cystinosis, were observed. Ctns(-/-) mice developed ocular changes similar to those observed in affected individuals, bone defects and behavioral anomalies. Interestingly, Ctns(-/-) mice did not develop signs of a proximal tubulopathy, or renal failure. A preliminary therapeutic trial using an oral administration of cysteamine was carried out and demonstrated the efficiency of this treatment for cystine clearance in Ctns(-/-) mice. This animal model will prove an invaluable and unique tool for testing emerging therapeutics for cystinosis.
Cognitive assessment in the elderly: a review of clinical methods (2007)

Doctors are poor at predicting patients’ cognitive function based on a routine, non-cognitive evaluation alone.1,,2 Cognitive assessment is a valuable clinical skill. It facilitates the diagnosis of disorders that impair thinking, and allows for more accurate estimates of functional ability to be made. Cognition also predicts mortality during hospital admissions.3 These benefits are clearly of practical value, and cognitive assessment may also be a skill that could be used in the Directly Observed Procedural Skills (DOPS) framework for on-going evaluation of training geriatricians and neurologists.

As people age, changes occur within the brain that lead to differences in thinking and behaviour.4 Distinguishing these from the early stages of an abnormal (disease) process is fairly arbitrary; definitions usually depend upon an impact on social, functional or occupational activities. To further cloud the picture, there is a diagnosis of ‘cognitive impairment not dementia’ (CIND) also available to the clinician, which sits somewhere between normal ageing and dementia. Dementia rises in prevalence from 65 years, and to ∼33% of those aged >85 years.5–8 CIND is even more common, with an estimated prevalence of around 17% in people aged >65 years.9 Of course, changes in cognition are not specific to either CIND or dementia: other common causes in the elderly include delirium and depression. Two or more of these are frequently found within a single patient. Other, psychiatric (or ‘non-organic’), cognitive disorders (e.g. schizophrenia) are beyond the scope of this text.

Cognitive assessment is commonly used for the following reasons: (i) screening for cognitive impairment; (ii) differential diagnosis of cause; (iii) rating of severity of disorder, or monitoring disease progression. These three factors form the basis of the structure of this review.

A wide … 

Address correspondence to Dr H. Woodford, Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle CA2 7HY. email: henry.woodford{at}ncumbria-acute.nhs.uk
Assessing rotational alignment in total knee arthroplasty. (1995)

The authors of this study demonstrate a new method for assessing relative rotational alignment of femoral and tibial components in total knee arthroplasty. This postoperative method requires only a lateral radiograph of the knee in full extension. This technique was demonstrated with repeated measurements by 2 independent observers to be accurate and reproducible in documenting the rotation of knee implants. This technique has clinical application in determining the accuracy of contemporary alignment techniques, assessing the reliability of anatomic landmarks referenced in implant alignment, and documenting the impact of malrotation on the function and longevity of components in total knee arthroplasty.
Semiconducting hydrides (2008)

Using first-principles density functional calculations with AlH3, KMgH3, LiMgH3, NaBeH3, NaMgH3, and RbMgH3 as model systems we have analyzed the band structure of hydrides. It is shown that hydrides can possess the features of semiconductors with n- and/or p-type electrical conductivity. We have found that carrier effective masses of some hydrides are almost the same as those of commonly known semiconductors. The present study suggests that the Mg impurities substituting Al form a shallow acceptor level in the band gap of AlH3, which can provide holes and cause p-type electrical conductivity. From studies of optical properties we have found that even if Mg impurities of about 1.3×1021 cm-3 concentration substitute the Al site, AlH3 can still be transparent in the visible spectra. This result opens up the door for the application of hydrides in the future generation of optoelectronic devices.
Osteoclastogenesis on hydroxyapatite ceramics: The effect of carbonate substitution (2009)

Human osteoclasts derived from CD14+ve precursors were cultured on discs of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA) and carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (CHA) of varying carbonate contents. The development of osteoclasts was qualitatively different on ceramics compared to dentine, occurring in discrete, confluent subpopulations, which suggests local cell signaling may be important in the process. Resorption was quantified by scanning electron microscopy, surface profilometry, and by calcium release into the culture medium. Cells were characterised by a number of histochemical markers of the osteoclast phenotype. Resorption of the ceramic increased with increasing carbonate content up to 2.35 wt %, when resorption trails and pits characteristic of osteoclast activity were seen. Controlling carbonate content may be one way of controlling the rate of resorption of synthetic HA ceramics.
Phosphatidylcholine Molecular Species in Lung Surfactant (2001)

Surfactant reduces surface tension at the air-liquid interface of lung alveoli. While dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (PC16:0/ 16:0) is its main component, proteins and other phospholipids contribute to the dynamic properties and homeostasis of alveolar surfactant. Among these components are significant amounts of palmitoylmyristoylphosphatidylcholine (PC16:0/ 14:0) and palmitoylpalmitoleoylphosphatidylcholine (PC16:0/ 16:1), whereas in surfactant from the rigid tubular bird lung, PC16:0/14:0 is absent and PC16:0/16:1 strongly diminished. We therefore hypothesized that the concentrations of PC16:0/14:0 and PC16:0/16:1 in surfactants correlate with differences in the respiratory physiology of mammalian species. In surfactants from newborn and adult mice, rats, and pigs, molar fractions of PC16:0/14:0 and PC16:0/16:1 correlated with respiratory rate. Labeling experiments with [methyl-(3)H]choline in mice and perfused rat lungs demonstrated identical alveolar proportions of total and newly synthesized PC16:0/14:0, PC16:0/16:1, and PC16:0/16:0, which were much higher than those of other phosphatidylcholine species. In surfactant from human term and preterm neonates, fractional concentrations not only of PC16:0/16:0 but also of PC16:0/14:0 and PC16:0/ 16:1 increased with maturation. Our data emphasize that PC16:0/14:0 and PC16:0/16:1 may be important surfactant components in alveolar lungs, and that their concentrations are adapted to respiratory physiology.
Analysis of outer membrane proteome of <b><i>Escherichia coli</i></b> related to resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline (2005)

The elucidation of the molecular details of antibiotic resistance will lead to improvements in extending the efficacy of current antimicrobials. In the current study, proteomic methodologies were applied to characterize functional outer membrane proteins (Omps) of E. coli K-12 responded to tetracycline and ampicillin resistance for understanding of universal pathways that form barriers for antimicrobial agents. For this purpose, E. coli K-12 expressional outer membrane proteome was characterized and identified with the use of 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/MS methods. Then, differential Omps due to tetracycline or ampcilin resistance were determined by comparison between tetracycline minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)10, ampicillin MIC10, control0 and control10, showing 9 proteins with 11 spots for tetracycline and 8 protein with 9 spots for ampicillin, showing a difference in only 1 protein (decreased LamB in tetracyclin) between the two antibiotics. Among the proteins, 3 were known as antibiotic-resistant proteins, including TolC, OmpC and YhiU, while FimD precursor, LamB, Tsx, YfiO, OmpW, NlpB were first reported here to be antibiotic-resistance-related proteins. Our findings will be helpful for further understanding of antibiotic-resistant mechanism(s). This study also shows that the combination of Omp purification methods certainly contributes the sensitivity of Omp detection.
Platelet Coagulation Factor XI <sub>a</sub> -Inhibitor, a Form of Alzheimer Amyloid Precursor Protein (1990)

An inhibitor of coagulation factor XIa was purified from serum-free conditioned medium of HepG2 liver cells. Platelets stimulated with thrombin or calcium ionophore (A23187) secrete a protein functionally and immunologically identical to the inhibitor, implying a role for this inhibitor in hemostasis. Analysis of the amino-terminal amino acid sequence and immunologic reactivity showed the inhibitor to be a truncated form of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein that contains a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor domain and at least a portion of the amyloid beta protein. It inhibits factor XIa and trypsin with a Ki of 450 +/- 50 pM and 20 +/- 10 pM, respectively. Heparin (1 unit/ml) did not significantly effect inhibition of trypsin, but inhibition of XIa was 15 times greater (Ki = 25 +/- 15 pM) in the presence of heparin.
Wireless Broadband Networks (2008)

This book combines theory with advanced practical applications in wireless broadband networks, presenting the reader with a standard reference that covers all aspects of the technology. It discusses the key theories underlying wireless broadband networks and shows readers how these theories are applied to real-world systems. It is an ideal resource for researchers in electrical engineering and computer science, as well as for students in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in these fields.
Micro-channels machined in microstructured optical fibers by femtosecond laser (2007)

Micro-channels were fabricated in hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBGF) and suspended-core holey fiber (SC-HF) by femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser irradiation. Gaseous access was demonstrated via these engineered ports to the core of HC-PBGF and the hollow cladding of SC-HF. Femtosecond laser micro-machining caused no additional transmission loss in HC-PBGFs. This allowed a novel gas cell to be produced, in which gaseous access was provided solely through two micro-channels. Acetylene diffusion was also confirmed through a micro-channel leading to a single cladding airhole in SC-HF. This further highlighted the fabrication technique's precision, selectivity, and potential for developing fiber-based micro-fluidic devices.
Interplay of Cadherin-Mediated Cell Adhesion and Canonical Wnt Signaling (2009)

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition is essential in both embryonic development and the progression of carcinomas. Wnt signaling and cadherin-mediated adhesion have been implicated in both processes; clarifying their role will depend on linking them to rearrangements of cellular structure and behavior. beta-Catenin is an essential molecule both in cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and in canonical Wnt signaling. Numerous experiments have shown that the loss of cadherin-mediated cell adhesion can promote beta-catenin release and signaling; this is accomplished by proteases, protein kinases and other molecules. Cadherin loss can also signal to several other regulatory pathways. Additionally, many target genes of Wnt signaling influence cadherin adhesion. The most conspicuous of these Wnt target genes encode the transcription factors Twist and Slug, which directly inhibit the E-cadherin gene promoter. Other Wnt/beta-catenin target genes encode metalloproteases or the cell adhesion molecule L1, which favor the degradation of E-cadherin. These factors provide a mechanism whereby cadherin loss and increased Wnt signaling induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in both carcinomas and development.