gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photonic band structures of two- and three-dimensional periodic metal or semiconductor arrays (1993)

The photonic band structures of a square lattice array of metal or semiconductor cylinders, and of an fcc array of metal or semiconductor spheres, are computed numerically. The frequency-dependent dielectric function of the metal or semiconductor is assumed to have the free-electron form \ensuremath{\epsilon}(\ensuremath{\omega})=1-(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{p}}^{2}$/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}^{2}$), where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{p}}$ is the plasma frequency of the charge carriers. A plane-wave expansion is used to transform the vector electromagnetic wave equation into a matrix equation. The frequencies of the electromagnetic modes are found as the zeros of the determinant of the matrix. In general, the plane-wave method is found to be most effective for structures with filling fractions f\ensuremath{\le}0.1% but provides a semiquantitative description of the band structures of these systems for f>0.1%.
Leukotriene B4 and phosphatidic acid are calcium ionophores. Studies employing arsenazo III in liposomes. (1982)

leukotriene B4 > phosphatidic acid, with differences of an order of magnitude between each.The results suggest that phosphatidic acid (which may be generated as part of the "phosphatidylinositol response") and cis- leukotriene B4 (a product of lipoxygenation of arachidonate) may act separately or in concert to enhance the calcium fluxes of stimulus-secretion coupling.
Highly Scalable Genotype Phasing by Entropy Minimization (2006)

A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) is a position in the genome at which two or more of the possible four nucleotides occur in a large percentage of the population. SNPs account for most of the genetic variability between individuals, and mapping SNPs in the human population has become the next high-priority in genomics after the completion of the Human Genome project. In diploid organisms such as humans, there are two non-identical copies of each autosomal chromosome. A description of the SNPs in a chromosome is called a haplotype. At present, it is prohibitively expensive to directly determine the haplotypes of an individual, but it is possible to obtain rather easily the conflated SNP information in the so called genotype. Computational methods for genotype phasing, i.e., inferring haplotypes from genotype data, have received much attention in recent years as haplotype information leads to increased statistical power of disease association tests. However, existing algorithms have impractical running time for phasing large genotype datasets such as those generated by the international HapMap project. In this paper we propose a highly scalable algorithm based on entropy minimization. Our algorithm is capable of phasing genotype data coming from either unrelated individuals or families consisting of a child and one or both parents. Experimental results show that our algorithm achieves a phasing accuracy close to that of best existing methods while being several orders of magnitude faster.
The subjective discrimination of pitch and amplitude fluctuations in recording systems (1955)

The paper is concerned with the measurement of subjective thresholds of the unwanted pitch and amplitude fluctuations which occur in the reproduced output of all types of sound recording systems. The pitch fluctuations are commonly known as “wow” or “flutter”, and new equipment is described for generating controlled fluctuations of this type in musical or other programme signals. The threshold measurements thus made possible are more realistic than those hitherto available, which have been related only to frequency fluctuations in test tones. The generation and threshold measurement of controlled amplitude fluctuations are also described, since amplitude and frequency fluctuations commonly occur together. The results obtained enable frequency weighting characteristics to be defined which can be incorporated into instruments measuring the magnitude of the unwanted amplitude and frequency fluctuations in practical systems. It is shown that such instruments may then approximate to an ideal, subjectively weighted measuring device which, when threshold value is reached, will give the same indication irrespective of the type and frequency of the fluctuation measured.
<i>BRAF</i> mutation testing with a rapid, fully integrated molecular diagnostics system (2015)

Fast and accurate diagnostic systems are needed for further implementation of precision therapy of BRAF-mutant and other cancers. The novel IdyllaTMBRAF Mutation Test has high sensitivity and shorter turnaround times compared to other methods. We used Idylla to detect BRAF V600 mutations in archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples and compared these results with those obtained using the cobas 4800 BRAF V600 Mutation Test or MiSeq deep sequencing system and with those obtained by a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified laboratory employing polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing, mass spectrometric detection, or next-generation sequencing. In one set of 60 FFPE tumor samples (15 with BRAF mutations per Idylla), the Idylla and cobas results had an agreement of 97%. Idylla detected BRAF V600 mutations in two additional samples. The Idylla and MiSeq results had 100% concordance. In a separate set of 100 FFPE tumor samples (64 with BRAF mutation per Idylla), the Idylla and CLIA-certified laboratory results demonstrated an agreement of 96% even though the tests were not performed simultaneously and different FFPE blocks had to be used for 9 cases. The IdyllaTMBRAF Mutation Test produced results quickly (sample to results time was about 90 minutes with about 2 minutes of hands on time) and the closed nature of the cartridge eliminates the risk of PCR contamination. In conclusion, our observations demonstrate that the Idylla test is rapid and has high concordance with other routinely used but more complex BRAF mutation-detecting tests.
For Application to Human Spaceflight and ISS Experiments: VESGEN Mapping of Microvascular Network Remodeling during Intestinal Inflammation. (2012)

Challenges to long-duration space exploration and colonization in microgravity and cosmic radiation environments by humans include poorly understood risks for gastrointestinal function and cancer. Nonetheless, constant remodeling of the intestinal microvasculature is critical for tissue viability, healthy wound healing, and successful prevention or recovery from vascular-mediated inflammatory or ischemic diseases such as cancer. Currently no automated image analysis programs provide quantitative assessments of the complex structure of the mucosal vascular system that are necessary for tracking disease development and tissue recovery. Increasing abnormalities to the microvascular network geometry were therefore mapped with VESsel GENeration Analysis (VESGEN) software from 3D tissue reconstructions of developing intestinal inflammation in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model. By several VESGEN parameters and a novel vascular network linking analysis, inflammation strongly disrupted the regular, lattice-like geometry that defines the normal microvascular network, correlating positively with the increased recruitment of dendritic cells during mucosal defense responses.
The economics of power (2012)

Asia Pacific and economic linkages seems to have percolated to the top of the second Obama Administration's foreign policy agenda. In late November, Obama made his headline-grabbing trip to Asia to visit Burma and Cambodia countries previously on the US no-go list on his way to the East Asian leaders' summit in Cambodia.
Atomic-vapor-laser isotope separation (1982)

This paper gives a brief history of the scientific considerations leading to the development of laser isotope separation (LIS) processes. The close relationship of LIS to the broader field of laser-induced chemical processes is evaluated in terms of physical criteria to achieve an efficient production process. Atomic-vapor LIS processes under development at Livermore are reviwed. 8 figures.
Sales force automation usage, effectiveness, and cost‐benefit in Germany, England and the United States (2000)

A 42‐question survey on usage and beliefs regarding sales force automation (SFA) was collected, along with actual sales performance data, on 1,641 sales representatives of a large international pharmaceutical company in Germany, England, and the United States. The relationships between beliefs and usage and individual sales performance were examined both within and across countries and a cost‐benefit analysis completed. Factor analysis identified five usage groupings including: Planning and territory management; Administration and external information exchange; Within company communication; Active sales tool; and Passive sales tool. Significant usage, belief, and performance differences between countries were found, with the use of SFA explaining 16.4 per cent of the variance in sales performance across countries. General findings indicated that management and representatives believed SFA to be useful. US$22.2 million in sales increases were found to be attributable to SFA usage. At the same time, non‐discounted cash flow payback periods were found to range from 6.2 to 7.4 years. Potential contributing factors and implications are discussed.
As políticas cinematográficas na Argentina: entrevista com Octavio Getino (2012)

Para o leitor argentino, Octavio Getino certamente nao carece de apresentacao. Ja para o brasileiro isto se faz necessario devido ao tradicional desinteresse entre nos pelo que ocorre nos demais paises da America Latina, desinteresse que so e quebrado pelo futebol, por acontecimentos politicos de intensidade dramatica ou, no campo cultural, por quadros como o atual, em que o cinema argentino vem conseguindo destaque na critica internacional e nos grandes festivais, ao contrario do cinema brasileiro.
Advances in Wafer Bonding for 3D Integration and Other Applications (2014)

Bonding is one of the key technologies that enable the 3D integration. 3D integration has more choices in terms of 3D process flows, such as chip-on-chip (CoC), chip-on-wafer (CoW) or wafer-on-wafer (WoW). Bonding process can be used to glue multiple functional IC chips vertically and provide some combinations of mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical connections between chips or wafers permanently, or to provide temporary mechanical support for wafer thinning and thinned wafer handling. Bonding process also varies with different materials and applications. The choice of bonding technology depends on combinations of the chips and their required process conditions such as temperature limitations. This invited talk focuses on advances in bonding technologies for 3D integration and other applications, including different bonding approaches, requirements for materials and processes, bonding quality characterizations and application-specific bonding technologies.
Efficient in-network moving object tracking in wireless sensor networks (2006)

The rapid progress of wireless communication and embedded microsensing MEMS technologies has made wireless sensor networks possible. In light of storage in sensors, a sensor network can be considered as a distributed database, in which one can conduct in-network data processing. An important issue of wireless sensor networks is object tracking, which typically involves two basic operations: update and query. This issue has been intensively studied in other areas, such as cellular networks. However, the in-network processing characteristic of sensor networks has posed new challenges to this issue. In this paper, we develop several tree structures for in-network object tracking which take the physical topology of the sensor network into consideration. The optimization process has two stages. The first stage tries to reduce the location update cost based on a deviation-avoidance principle and a highest-weight-first principle. The second stage further adjusts the tree obtained in the first stage to reduce the query cost. The way we model this problem allows us to analytically formulate the cost of object tracking given the update and query rates of objects. Extensive simulations are conducted, which show a significant improvement over existing solutions.
Foam sclerotherapy (2008)

Summary Methods to improve the efficacy of foam sclerotherapy might include: more vigorous agitation methods to produce more stable foam with smaller bubble size, increasing the volume and/or concentration of the sclerosing agent, use of an intravenous catheter, and leg elevation to evacuate as much blood as possible. Methods to improve the safety of foam sclerotherapy might include: use of an intravenous indwelling catheter; saphenofemoral junction occlusion; low foam volume; use of low silicon syringes; use of non airbased foam; avoidance of high concentration sclerosing agents in patients with duplicated femoral vein segments; leg elevation before or after injection of foam; and maintaining patient immobility after injection. A series of studies and exercises are described which call into question many methods proposed to limit the dispersal of injected foam. The use of non air-based foam may reduce the incidence of side effects.
Minimum near-convex decomposition for robust shape representation (2011)

Shape decomposition is a fundamental problem for part-based shape representation. We propose a novel shape decomposition method called Minimum Near-Convex Decomposition (MNCD), which decomposes 2D and 3D arbitrary shapes into minimum number of “near-convex” parts. With the degree of near-convexity a user specified parameter, our decomposition is robust to large local distortions and shape deformation. The shape decomposition is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem by minimizing the number of non-intersection cuts. Two major perception rules are also imposed into our scheme to improve the visual naturalness of the decomposition. The global optimal solution of this challenging discrete optimization problem is obtained by a dynamic subgradient-based branch-and-bound search. Both theoretical analysis and experiment results show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art results without introducing redundant parts. Finally we also show the superiority of our method in the application of hand gesture recognition.
Development of a Multi-project Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging Platform (2017)

Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP) is one of the latest trends in microelectronics packaging. FOWLP has a high potential in significant package miniaturization concerning package volume but also in thickness. Main advantages of FOWLP are the substrate-less package, low thermal resistance, high RF performance due to shorter interconnects together, as the direct IC connection by thin film metallization instead of wire bonds or flip chip bumps yields low parasitic effects. Especially inductance of FOWLP is much lower compared to FC-BGA packages. In addition the redistribution layer can also integrate embedded passives (R, L, C) as well as antenna structures using a multi-layer structure. It can be used for multi-chip packages for System in Package (SiP) and heterogeneous integration. Hence, technology is well suited for RF applications. FOWLP is in volume manufacturing since a couple of years and services are offered in Asia as well as in Europe. But especially for low volume quantities and prototyping no dedicated packaging services are available. Adapting the success story of Si-based Multi-Project Wafer technology that offers fast and cost-effective access to low numbers of chips, Multi-Project Fan-out Wafer Level Packaging might be an option to address heterogeneous integration for the prototyping market. Within this study such a Multi-Project Fan-out Wafer Level Package (MPFOWLP) technology has been developed and evaluated with focus on RF applications. To demonstrate an entire prototyping run Si dies from a Multi-Project Wafer were used. For technology evaluation six different chips have been selected where five of them were functional dies for application frequencies up to 120 GHz. Additionally one dedicated test die was used, allowing on the one hand RF characterization of the technology approach and on the other hand interconnect testing and reliability characterization. A uniform package size of 10 × 10 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was chosen and design rules for the redistribution layer (RDL) have been fixed at the beginning. A two metal layer design and a BGA pin-out have been chosen allowing also the integration of antenna structures in the RDL. Based on these boundary conditions package designs have been done. Reticle and fan-out wafer design were integrated on a 200 mm reconfigured wafer. Based on this approach around 38 packages of each type come out of one wafer. Packaging technology followed the RDL last approach, where dies are first embedded into mold compound forming a reconfigured wafer and subsequently a thin film redistribution layer is applied to the reconfigured wafer. Final process steps are solder ball placement and package singulation by dicing. In summary this paper describes the development and evaluation run of a Multi-Project Fan-out Wafer Level Package approach for RF application.
EPIMERIZATION IN THE PHEOPHYTIN <i>a</i>/<i>a</i>′ SYSTEM (1984)

Abstract By means of a recently developed high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure with high resolution, a kinetic aspect of the epimeric interconversion between pheophytin a and a′ has been investigated for the first time.
D* Extra Lite: A Dynamic A* With Search–Tree Cutting and Frontier–Gap Repairing (2017)

Abstract Searching for the shortest-path in an unknown or changeable environment is a common problem in robotics and video games, in which agents need to update maps and to perform re-planning in order to complete their missions. D* Lite is a popular incremental heuristic search algorithm (i.e., it utilizes knowledge from previous searches). Its efficiency lies in the fact that it re-expands only those parts of the search-space that are relevant to registered changes and the current state of the agent. In this paper, we propose a new D* Extra Lite algorithm that is close to a regular A*, with reinitialization of the affected search-space achieved by search-tree branch cutting. The provided worst-case complexity analysis strongly suggests that D* Extra Lite’s method of reinitialization is faster than the focused approach to reinitialization used in D* Lite. In comprehensive tests on a large number of typical two-dimensional path-planning problems, D* Extra Lite was 1.08 to 1.94 times faster than the optimized version of D* Lite. Moreover, while demonstrating that it can be particularly suitable for difficult, dynamic problems, as the problem-complexity increased, D* Extra Lite’s performance further surpassed that of D*Lite. The source code of the algorithm is available on the open-source basis.
Gastrotomy Closure with the Lock-It System and the Padlock-G clip: A Survival Study in a Porcine Model (2010)

The Padlock-G is easy to place, provides a durable closure, and allows survival animals to thrive without adverse sequellae. This device provides a suitable closure system for transgastric NOTES.
Fairness and capacity trade-off in IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2004)

The paper investigates fairness in a wireless LAN environment in which stations experience unequal signal qualities due to location and interference factors. This causes differences in transmission rate among mobile stations due to the use of link adaptation schemes. We analyse fairness in the presence of these impairments for the distributed contention based access mechanisms of the IEEE 802.11 and 802.11e standards. The notion of fairness is explored in terms of utility derived from the network (i.e. throughput) and allocated resources (i.e. amount of time permitted to transmit). We show how fairness can be achieved by judicious choice of parameters and study the impact of these choices on capacity. Finally, we demonstrate how these findings could affect other related designs including admission control and charging schemes.
Tunable complete photonic band gaps of two-dimensional photonic crystals with intrinsic semiconductor rods (2001)

We show, from the theoretical calculation, that the two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals constructed with the square rods of intrinsic semiconductor in the air can exhibit a complete photonic band gap common to s- and p-polarized waves in the THz range. This complete band gap is easily tunable by using the temperature dependence of plasma frequency of intrinsic semiconductors. Thus the 2D photonic crystals constructed with the intrinsic semiconductor rods can be applied to the thermal switches, thermal sensors, and the tunable filters operating in THz range.
Spectrum sharing between S-band radar and LTE cellular system: A spatial approach (2014)

Spectrum sharing is a new way forward to solve spectrum scarcity problem. In this paper, we propose a spatial approach for spectrum sharing between a MIMO radar and an LTE cellular system with N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BS</sub> base stations (BS). The MIMO radar and LTE share N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BS</sub> interference channels i.e. H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> , i = 1,2, ..., N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BS</sub> . We propose projecting the radar signal onto the null space of interference channel between the MIMO radar and LTE using our proposed interference-channel-selection algorithm, in order to have zero-interference from the MIMO radar. We select interference channel with the maximum null space i.e. arg max <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1≤i≤NBS</sub> dim [N(H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> )] and project the radar signal onto the null space of this channel. Our proposed spatial spectrum-sharing algorithm is radar-centric such that it causes minimum loss in radar performance by carefully selecting the interference channel and at the same time protects the i <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> LTE BS from the radar interference. Through our analytical and simulation results we show that the loss in the radar performance is less when the proposed interference-channel-selection algorithm is used to select the channel onto which radar signals are projected.
Pseudo-randomly interleaved memory (1991)

article Pseudo-randomly interleaved memory Share on Author: B. Ramakrishna Rau Hewlett Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA Hewlett Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture NewsVolume 19Issue 3May 1991 pp 74–83https://doi.org/10.1145/115953.115961Online:01 April 1991Publication History 81citation1,026DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations81Total Downloads1,026Last 12 Months58Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access