gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of graphene nanoribbons via nanowire lithography (2009)

Abstract Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are the counterpart of nanotubes in graphene nanoelectronics. The search for a cheap, parallel, and deterministic technique for practical implementation of these structures is still open. Nanowire lithography (NWL) consists in using nanowires (NWs) as etch masks to transfer their one‐dimensional morphology to an underlying substrate. Here, we show that oxidized silicon NWs (SiNWs) are a simple and compatible system to implement NWL on graphene. The SiNWs morphology is transferred onto a graphene flake by a low‐power O 2 plasma in a deep‐reactive‐ion‐etcher. The process leads to conformal GNRs with diameter comparable to the overlaying NW lateral dimensions. The diameter can be further reduced by multiple O 2 etching steps. Field‐effect measurements show the transition to a semiconductor for low diameters.
Possibility of a metallic phase in granular superconducting films (2001)

We investigate the possibility of finding a zero-temperature metallic phase in granular superconducting films, modeled as a dissipative Bose system. We extend the conventional treatment of these systems to a formalism that can distinguish between insulator, metal, and superfluid phases. We do not find a metallic state at zero temperature. At finite temperatures, we find that the system exhibits a crossover between superfluid and metallic behavior. This has implications for the analysis of experimental results that makes use of a scaling hypothesis involving only a single parameter. We also investigate the effect of vortex dissipation in these systems.
Credit-based slot allocation for multimedia mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

This paper studies resource management for multimedia mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). In particular, we focus on providing fair scheduling with quality-of-service (QoS) support for MANET. We consider two types of flows: guaranteed and best effort flows. The goal is to satisfy the QoS requirements of guaranteed flows and to provide global fairness for best effort flows. In this paper, a credit-based fair scheduling mechanism called credit-based slot allocation protocol (CSAP) is proposed. In CSAP, nodes are logically grouped into clusters, each with a scheduler. Each scheduler assigns time slots to nodes in its cluster based on the first tier algorithm. The node scheduled to send at the next time slot then in turn assigns the time slot to a relayed flow determined by the second-tier algorithm. Each multihop flow is treated as multiple single-hop flow segments. These segments are then correlated such that a downstream segment will not be allocated a slot unless the upstream segments have all been allocated. We evaluate the performance of CSAP by simulations. The results show that CSAP meets the QoS requirements of guaranteed flows, provides global fairness for best effort flows, and improves overall system throughput.
Multi-Octave Light Source with Tunable Spectral Profile: From Supercontinuum to Raman Comb Spectral-Structure (2019)

Summary form only given. Today it is possible to dispose from a large set of laser sources with broad spectra. Among these light sources, we list supercontinuum sources, generated by combination of several nonlinear phenomena [1], frequency combs generated either by using micro-resonators via optical Kerr effect [2] or Raman combs, generated via Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) in gas-filled Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers (HC-PCF) [3]. Some of these sources can generate spectra with a bandwidth that can span over several octaves, as demonstrated with the near-to 6 octaves Raman comb reported in [3]. Here we report on a single platform based on the combination of a Raman -gas fi lled Inhibited Coupling guiding HC-PCF (IC HC-PCF) and ultra -short pulse (USP) laser pump with tunable pulsewidth to generate, for the time to our knowledge, several octave wide light source which spectral structure can be tuned, just by changing the pump pulse duration, from a comb to a supercontinuum. This spectral transformation relies on the difference in the time response dependence between Kerr effect and SRS. For example in Raman gas such hydrogen, Kerr effect dominates for sub -picosecond pump pulses because of the instantaneous response of the material electronic hyperpolarizability in the Kerr phenomenon. In parallel, when a Raman gas is pumped with a pulse whose duration is larger than the generation -time of the Stokes, which is cc T 2 HU with T2 being the molecular relaxation time and G the Raman net gain, SRS dominates
Sensor planning for a symbiotic UAV and UGV system for precision agriculture (2013)

We study the problem of coordinating an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for a precision agriculture application. In this application, the ground and aerial measurements are used for estimating nitrogen (N) levels on-demand across a farm. Our goal is to estimate the N map over a field and classify each point based on N deficiency levels. These estimates in turn guide fertilizer application. Applying the right amount of fertilizer at the right time can drastically reduce fertilizer usage. Towards building such a system, this paper makes the following contributions: First, we present a method to identify points whose probability of being misclassified is above a threshold. Second, we study the problem of maximizing the number of such points visited by an UAV subject to its energy budget. The novelty of our formulation is the capability of the UGV to mule the UAV to deployment points. This allows the system to conserve the short battery life of a typical UAV. Third, we introduce a new path planning problem in which the UGV must take a measurement within a disk centered at each point visited by the UAV. The goal is to minimize the total time spent in traveling and measuring. For both problems, we present constant-factor approximation algorithms. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our system with simulations which use manually collected soil measurements from the field.
Short range MIMO communication (2009)

In this paper, a novel communication scheme, which uses short range MIMO transmission, is introduced and evaluated. In this scheme, two facing array antennas are placed closely within the severalfold distance of the aperture width. When the distance between the transmitting and receiving array antennas is short enough, the array antenna with the optimally narrow element spacing can give high signal-to-noise ratio, and fairly low spatial correlation. It is found that the channel capacity with the optimal antenna spacing is higher than the ergodic capacity of the i.i.d. channel since the near-field MIMO scheme has a high similarity with a parallel data transmission.
Physical and functional association of Fc mu receptor on human natural killer cells with the zeta- and Fc ε RI γ-chains and with src family protein tyrosine kinases (1996)

Abstract We recently reported that Fc mu R on NK cells is a signal transducing protein that stimulates a rapid increase in the level of cytoplasmic free calcium upon binding of IgM. This study was designed to examine signal transduction via the Fc mu R on NK cells and to characterize intracellular second messengers activated by IgM. Immunoprecipitation of IgM-bound Fc mu R by IgM-specific Ab coimmunoprecipitated the zeta- and Fc ε RI γ-chains. Furthermore, engagement and clustering of Fc mu R by polyclonal IgM induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the zeta- and Fc ε RI γ-chains, indicating their functional association with the Fc mu R-induced signal transduction cascade. Ligand-induced clustering of the Fc mu R also induced activity of src family kinases, Lck, Fyn, Lyn, and Src, as well as their physical interaction with the receptor. Triggering via Fc mu R also induced the activity of Syk and Zap-70, tyrosine kinases demonstrated to associate with zeta and Lck. Phospholipase C-γ 1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase were identified as substrates phosphorylated on tyrosine, as down-stream components of the signaling pathway activated in NK cells by polyclonal IgM. Although the Fc mu R on NK cells has not yet been biochemically characterized, our results suggest that the zeta- and Fc ε RI γ-chains are functional subunits of this as well as other important cell surface receptors and that the Fc mu R is coupled either directly or indirectly to nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, which phosphorylate and thereby activate regulatory enzymes such as phospholipase C-γ 1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
Intramolecular cyclization of pendant phenylethynyl groups as a route to solvent resistance in polyphenylquinoxalines (1991)

Abstract Biphenyl‐based bisbenzil monomers which contain pendant phenylethynyl groups in the 2,2′‐positions were condensed with 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine to make polyphenylquinoxalines (PPQs) of high molecular weight. Thermal cure of these polymers at 193°C caused an intramolecular cyclization (IMC) of the phenylethynyl groups to give the rigid 9‐phenyldibenzanthracene system in the backbone of the polymer. The initial, uncured polymers formed though films which were soluble in m ‐cresol and chlorinated solvents, but after thermal cure the films became insoluble in all common organic solvents and acids while maintaining their toughness. DSC scans of the cured materials showed small residual exotherms indicating that after vitrification even the intramolecular rotation required for the IMC reaction became restricted.
Transcription-coupled and DNA damage-dependent ubiquitination of RNA polymerase II <i>in vitro</i> (2002)

Transcription-coupled repair (TCR) is essential for the rapid, preferential removal of DNA damage in active genes. The large subunit of RNA polymerase (Pol) II is ubiquitinated in cells after UV-irradiation or cisplatin treatment, which induces DNA damage preferentially repaired by TCR. Several human mutations, such as Cockayne syndrome complementation groups A and B, are defective in TCR and incapable of Pol II ubiquitination upon DNA damage. Here we demonstrate a correlation between ubiquitination of RNA Pol II and arrest of transcription in vitro. Ubiquitination of Pol II is significantly induced by alpha-amanitin, an amatoxin that blocks Pol II elongation and causes its degradation in cells. Pol II undergoes similar ubiquitination on DNA containing cisplatin adducts that arrest transcription. Stimulation of ubiquitination requires the addition of template DNA and does not occur in the presence of an antibody to the general transcription factor TFIIB, indicating the transcription dependence of the reaction. We propose that components of the reaction recognize elongating Pol II-DNA complexes arrested by alpha-amanitin or cisplatin lesions, triggering ubiquitination.
Effect of water sorption on the resistance to plastic deformation of a denture base material relined with four different denture reline materials. (1998)

The plasticizing effect of absorbed water molecules explains the general decrease in FSp of immersed relined specimens. The absence of a significant effect that water immersion had on some relined specimens under certain immersion conditions was explained by water sorption into the denture base achieving an equilibrium after a period of water immersion, and the resistance of some reline materials to the effect of water immersion.
Systolic array implementation of multipliers for finite fields GF(2/sup m/) (1991)

A parallel-in-parallel-out systolic array and a serial-in-serial-out systolic array are proposed for fast multiplication in finite fields GF(2/sup m/) with the standard basis representation. Both of the architectures possess features of regularity, modularity, concurrency, and unidirectional data flow. As a consequence, they have high throughput rates and are well suited to VLSI implementation with fault-tolerant design. As compared to the related multipliers presented by C.S. Yeh et al. (see IEEE Trans. Comput., vol.C-33, p.357-360, Apr. 1984), the proposed parallel implementation makes it easier to incorporate fault-tolerant design, and the proposed serial implementation requires only one control signal instead of two.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bacillus anthracis Thioredoxin Systems, Characterization and Role as Electron Donors for Ribonucleotide Reductase (2012)

Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, which is associated with a high mortality rate. Like several medically important bacteria, B. anthracis lacks glutathione but encodes many genes annotated as thioredoxins, thioredoxin reductases, and glutaredoxin-like proteins. We have cloned, expressed, and characterized three potential thioredoxins, two potential thioredoxin reductases, and three glutaredoxin-like proteins. Of these, thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and NrdH reduced insulin, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), and the manganese-containing type Ib ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) from B. anthracis in the presence of NADPH and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1), whereas thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) could only reduce DTNB. Potential TR2 was verified as an FAD-containing protein reducible by dithiothreitol but not by NAD(P)H. The recently discovered monothiol bacillithiol did not work as a reductant for RNR, either directly or via any of the redoxins. The catalytic efficiency of Trx1 was 3 and 20 times higher than that of Trx2 and NrdH, respectively, as substrates for TR1. Additionally, the catalytic efficiency of Trx1 as an electron donor for RNR was 7-fold higher than that of NrdH. In extracts of B. anthracis, Trx1 was responsible for almost all of the disulfide reductase activity, whereas Western blots showed that the level of Trx1 was 15 and 60 times higher than that of Trx2 and NrdH, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that the most important general disulfide reductase system in B. anthracis is TR1/Trx1 and that Trx1 is the physiologically relevant electron donor for RNR. This information may provide a basis for the development of novel antimicrobial therapies targeting this severe pathogen.
Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a disease in need of microbiological concern (1989)

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a life-threatening tick-transmitted infection, is the most prevalent rickettsiosis in the United States. This zoonosis is firmly entrenched in the tick host, which maintains the rickettsiae in nature by transovarian transmission. Although the incidence of disease fluctuates in various regions and nationwide, the problems of a deceptively difficult clinical diagnosis and little microbiologic diagnostic effort persist. Many empiric antibiotic regimens lack antirickettsial activity. There is neither an effective vaccine nor a generally available assay that is diagnostic during the early stages of illness, when treatment is most effective. Microbiology laboratories that offer only the archaic retrospective Weil-Felix serologic tests should review the needs of their patients. Research microbiologists who tackle these challenging organisms have an array of questions to address regarding rickettsial surface composition, structure-function analysis, and pathogenic and immune mechanisms, as well as laboratory diagnosis.
Hijacking of eukaryotic functions by intracellular bacterial pathogens. (2004)

Intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved as a group of microorganisms endowed with weapons to hijack many biological processes of eukaryotic cells. This review discusses how these pathogens perturb diverse host cell functions, such as cytoskeleton dynamics and organelle vesicular trafficking. Alteration of the cytoskeleton is discussed in the context of the bacterial entry process (invasion), which occurs either by activation of membrane-located host receptors ("zipper" mechanism) or by injection of bacterial proteins into the host cell cytosol ("trigger" mechanism). In addition, the two major types of intracellular lifestyles, cytosolic versus intravacuolar (phagosomal), which are the consequence of alterations in the phagosome-lysosome maturation route, are compared. Specific examples illustrating known mechanisms of mimicry or hijacking of the host target are provided. Finally, recent advances in phagosome proteomics and genome expression in intracellular bacteria are described. These new technologies are yielding valuable clues as to how these specialized bacterial pathogens manipulate the mammalian host cell.
Corynebacterium Vaginale and Vaginitis (1981)

BALSDON, MICHAEL J.; TAYLOR, GEORGE E.; PEAD, LINDA; MASKELL, ROSALIND Author Information
Low Loss, High Extinction Ration and Ultra-Compact Plasmonic Polarization Beam Splitter (2014)

In this letter, an ultra-compact plasmonic polarization beam splitter (PBS) is proposed and investigated by numerical simulations using the finite element method. The PBS is based on a three-core plasmonic directional coupler, which uses a long range surface plasmon polaritons waveguide as the middle waveguide to achieve polarization selective coupling. The calculations show that with proper structural parameters, the PBS with low insertion losses of 0.17 and 0.25 dB for TE and TM polarizations, respectively, and high extinction ratios of 20.17 and 19.83 dB for TE and TM polarizations, respectively, can be realized at a telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm. Furthermore, an insertion loss and an extinction ratio > 14 dB can be realized across the entire C-band for both TE and TM polarizations.
Sintering and microstructural investigation of gamma–alpha alumina powders (2014)

Sintering behaviors of commercially available alumina powders were investigated using constant-heating rate dilatometric experiments. Each powder had different proportion of alpha/gamma alumina. Densification behaviors of powders were studied up to 1600 °C with three different heating rates of 1, 3.3 and 6.6 °C/min. Compacts of different gamma content alumina powders exhibited systematic anomalous second peaks in the densification rate curves at certain heating rates and temperatures. At 3.3 °C/min heating rate experiments, densification curves of 10% gamma phase alumina powder compacts reached a plateau after 1450 °C, and did not increase any further at higher temperatures. This phenomenon was double checked to understand powder behavior during sintering. 10% gamma phase alumina powder compacts showed the highest density for each heating rate. It reached 94% theoretical density with 1 °C/min heating rate. But 20% gamma phase alumina powder compacts had the finest grain size of about 1.40 μm. Final density and porosity of compacts were also tested by image analysis and the results were coherent with Archimedes results.
Power Management of a Hybrid Micro-Grid with Photovoltaic Production and Hydrogen Storage (2021)

To deal with energy transition due to climate change and a rise in average global temperature, photovoltaic (PV) conversion appears to be a promising technology in sunny regions. However, PV production is directly linked with weather conditions and the day/night cycle, which makes it intermittent and random. Therefore, it makes sense to combine it with Energy Storage Systems (ESS) to ensure long-term energy availability for non-interconnected micro-grids. Among all technological solutions, electrolytic hydrogen produced by renewable energies seems an interesting candidate. In this context, this paper proposes a control strategy dedicated to hydrogen storage integration in micro-grids for a better use of PV production. The objective is to optimize the management of the micro-grid with proton exchange membrane Fuel Cell (FC), alkaline Electrolyzer (El), lithium-ion Batteries Energy Storage System (BESS) and PV, according to the system state and PV production intermittency. First, a control strategy based on a Distributed explicit Model Predictive Control (DeMPC) is developed to define current references for FCs, Els and batteries. Secondly, the performance of the control strategy is validated in simulation and confirmed on a Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop test bench.
Mesh‐based geometry (2003)

Abstract A systematic approach to building a complete geometric and topologic representation of a model given only the finite element (FE) description is proposed. The objective of the proposed system is to provide a geometry foundation for existing finite element based models so that standard mesh generation tools can be used without requiring CAD‐based modelling systems such as ACIS or other proprietary commercial tools. To accomplish this, a method for extracting topology from the FE model is proposed. Topology entities including volumes, surfaces, curves and vertices are built based on user‐defined boundary conditions and surface features. Curve and surface geometry is described by either linear triangular facets or G1 continuous 4th‐order Bezier patches. Integration of the proposed mesh‐based geometry (MBG) system into an existing mesh generation toolkit is described. Sample applications and examples of MBG are presented. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An illustration of the expression of cooperative binding energy in arrays of non-covalent interactions (1998)

An analysis of a thermodynamic cycle for the formation of ligand-bound dimers gives a simple illustration as to how a cooperative binding energy (ΔG°coop) can be expressed over a range of interfaces, rather than at just one of the interfaces within the array.
The Role of cis-Platinum in Solid-Tumor Therapy (1979)

CIS-DIAMMINEDICHLOROPLATINUM (DDP), a heavy metal co-ordination compound with unique antitumor properties, is the first of this type of compound to undergo extensive clinical testing. It has exhibited noteworthy activity in a broad range of solid tumors and represents a major improvement in therapy of some of these neoplasms.Historical BackgroundIn 1965 Rosenberg, Van Camp, and Krigas,1 while investigating bacterial growth in an electrical field, noted that current delivered between platinum electrodes inhibited replication of Escherichia coli. Subsequently, it was determined that growth inhibition was not due to the electrical current per se but was caused by certain . . .
A recombinant carboxy‐terminal domain of alpha‐toxin protects mice against <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> (2013)

Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin (CP, 370 residues) is one of the main agents involved in the development of gas gangrene. In this study, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the C-terminal domain (CP251-370) of the toxin and phospholipase C (PLC; CB, 372 residues) of Clostridum bifermentans isolated from cases of clostridium necrosis were examined. The recombinant proteins were expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins. Antibodies that cross-reacted with alpha-toxin were produced after immunization with recombinant proteins including GST-CP251-370, GST-CP281-370, GST-CP311-370, CB1-372 and GST-CB251-372. Anti-GST-CP251-370, anti-GST-CP281-370 and anti-GST-CP311-370 sera neutralized both the PLC and hemolytic activities of alpha-toxin, whereas anti-CB1-372 and anti-GST-CB251-372 weakly neutralized these activities. Immunization with GST-CP251-370 and GST-CP281-370 provided protection against the lethal effects of the toxin and C. perfringens type A NCTC8237. Partial protection from the toxin and C. perfringens was elicited by immunization with GST-CP311-370 and CB1-372. GST-CP251-370 and GST-CP281-370 are promising candidates for vaccines for clostridial-induced gas gangrene.