gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Industrial Democracy in Europe: Differences and Similarities Across Countries and Hierarchies (1981)

This article attempts to present the focus, methodology, and preliminary results of an international collaborative research project on industrial democracy involving twelve countries in Europe including Yugoslavia and Israel. Rather than explaining variations in participation, power, and influence in terms of contingencies such as personal attributes and characteristics of participants, on the one hand, or structural and tech nological features of organization, on the other hand, the research looks at both de jure and de facto participation in terms of participative structure (PS), power distribution (PO), and their outcomes (O). Initial findings with respect to differences and similarities across countries are presented. One of the main conclusions to be derived from the research is that, whereas all countries reveal a consistent hierarchy in the organizations studied, political and economic environments institutionally reflected in de jure participation can, however, significantly modify hierarchical patterns in organizations, but apparently not dissolve them as such. Another finding reported is that workers' satisfaction is unaffected by their own direct influence or that of their works council. But workers value representa tive participation for its own sake, the more their influence or involvement. Further democratization may require a change in national legal arrangements.
A surface acoustic wave sonobuoy (1979)

A transmitting hydrophone which remotely senses both absolute pressure and changes in pressure has been developed using a surface acoustic wave (SAW) oscillator. This oscillator is formed by placing a SAW delay line or resonator in the feedback loop of an amplifier. The pressure applied to the hydrophone is converted to a flexural loading of the piezoelectric plate which alters the surface wave velocity on the plate, consequently shifting the oscillator frequency. This frequency modulated signal is easily transmitted to a remote location for signal recovery. The piezoelectric plate thickness and length can be chosen to optimize the sensitivity of the SAW hydrophone. The surface wave element of the oscillator is a planar structure, therefore, it is simple and inexpensive to manufacture. Furthermore, the size and power requirements of the SAW hydrophone are small, typically less than 50 cm3 and 300 mW. This paper presents performance data of two SAW hydrophones using SAW oscillators at 44 and 77 MHz in conjunction with a versatile signal demodulation system. Measurements of sensitivity and frequency response were made for both delay line and resonator hydrophones manufactured on lithium niobate and S-T quartz substrates, respectively, and compared with measurements obtained from conventional hydrophones in the identical set-up.
616. Aspects of stereochemistry. Part XXI. Absolute configuration of benzylidene derivatives of some acyclic polyhydric alcohols (1965)

N. Baggett, K. W. Buck, A. B. Foster, M. H. Randall and J. M. Webber, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 3394 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650003394
The role of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis: the hope and the hype. (1999)

Numerous lines of investigation support the importance of oxidative stress in the development of atherosclerosis. Results from studies in isolated cells and in animal models of atherosclerosis are compelling, as are those from a select number of clinical trials. Unfortunately, the results of prospective, randomized clinical studies have been disappointing and may reflect our current inability to accurately assess oxidative risk and the response to antioxidant therapy. Only when it is possible to accurately and easily measure oxidative stress will it be possible to accurately determine the efficacy of different antioxidant approaches.
Retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents (RAMBAs): a new paradigm in the treatment of hyperkeratotic disorders (2007)

Synthetic vitamin A derivatives, retinoids,have long been the mainstay of treatment for several disorders of keratinization, notably the ichthyoses and severe acne. Some forms of psoriasis also respond well. Their considerable power comes at a price. They have dose-limiting side effects and can be highly teratogenic, limiting their use in women of childbearing age.Thus, retinoids are used less often than their potential would warrant. However, the recent development of compounds that block the catabolism of endogenous vitamin A, called Retinioic Acid Metabolism Blocking Agents or RAMBAs, offers new possibilities. With these drugs, retinoid effects with less side effects and a reduction of the post-treatment teratogenicity period due to their favourable pharmacokinetic profile might be expected. In this review, we discuss how retinoids work, how they are metabolized and how RAMBAs influence this process. We also review the presently available data from clinical trials with RAMBAs.
URF6, Last Unidentified Reading Frame of Human mtDNA, Codes for an NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit (1986)

The polypeptide encoded in URF6, the last unassigned reading frame of human mitochondrial DNA, has been identified with antibodies to peptides predicted from the DNA sequence. Antibodies prepared against highly purified respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase from beef heart or against the cytoplasmically synthesized 49-kilodalton iron-sulfur subunit isolated from this enzyme complex, when added to a deoxycholate or a Triton X-100 mitochondrial lysate of HeLa cells, specifically precipitated the URF6 product together with the six other URF products previously identified as subunits of NADH dehydrogenase. These results strongly point to the URF6 product as being another subunit of this enzyme complex. Thus, almost 60% of the protein coding capacity of mammalian mitochondrial DNA is utilized for the assembly of the first enzyme complex of the respiratory chain. The absence of such information in yeast mitochondrial DNA dramatizes the variability in gene content of different mitochondrial genomes.
A Recommendation Model Based on Latent Principal Factors in Web Navigation Data. (2004)

Discovery of factors that lead to common navigational patterns can help in improving online information presentation as well as in providing personalized content to users. It is, therefore, necessary to develop techniques that can automatically characterize the users ’ underlying navigational objectives and to discover the hidden semantic relationships among users as well as between users and Web objects. Typical approaches to Web usage mining, such as clustering of user sessions, can discover usage patterns directly, but cannot identify the latent factors, intrinsic in users ’ navigational behavior, that lead to such patterns. In this paper, we propose an approach based on a latent variable model, called Iterative Principal Factor Analysis, to discover such hidden factors in Web usage data. The hidden factors are then used to create aggregate models of common user profiles which are, in turn, used to provide dynamic recommendations to users. Our experimental results, performed on real Web usage data, verify that the proposed principal factor approach results in better predictive user models, when compared to more traditional approaches such as clustering and principal component analysis. 1
On inconsistent initial conditions for linear time-invariant differential-algebraic equations (2002)

Given an arbitrary initial value x/sub 0//sup -/ for the differential-algebraic equation Ax/spl dot/(t)+Bx(t)=f(t), an initial value x/sub 0//sup +/ can be selected from among all consistent initial values by means of the Laplace transform. We show that this choice is the only one that fulfills some simple, physically reasonable assumptions on linear systems' behavior. Our derivation is elementary compared to previous justifications of the above Laplace transform based method. We also characterize x/sub 0//sup +/ by means of a system of linear equations involving A, B, derivatives of f, and x/sub 0//sup -/, which gives a new method to numerically calculate x/sub 0//sup +/.
Cardiolocomotor Coupling in Young and Elderly People (2007)

Cardiolocomotor coupling that becomes manifest with aging may optimize cardiovascular responses during walking. In elderly people, forces generated during the gait cycle may be transmitted to arterial pressure and thus synchronize the central cardiovascular network with the stepping rhythm.
The specificity of monoclonal antibody A2B5 to c‐series gangliosides (2001)

To examine the specificity of monoclonal antibody A2B5, four A2B5‐reactive gangliosides (designated as G‐1, G‐2, G‐3 and G‐4) were purified from bonito fish brain. Ganglioside‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 migrated above GD1b, below GQ1b, and far below GQ1b on thin‐layer chromatography. Ganglioside‐4 had the slowest chromatographic mobility and migrated below G‐3. The structures of these gangliosides were characterized by overlay analysis with glycolipid‐specific ligands, product analysis after sialidase or mild acid treatment, and electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Accordingly, G‐1, G‐2 and G‐3 were identified to be GT3, GQ1c and GP1c, respectively. The ganglioside G‐4 was shown to have the following structure: NeuAc‐NeuAc‐NeuAc‐Galβ1‐3Gal NAcβ1‐4(NeuAc‐NeuAc‐NeuAcα2‐3)Galβ1‐4Glcβ1‐1′Cer. The antibody A2B5 reacted with these c‐series gangliosides, but not with GD3 and other gangliosides and neutral glycosphingolipids. The antigenic epitope for A2B5 was assumed to include the trisialosyl residue connected to the inner galactose of the hemato‐ or ganglio‐type oligosaccharide structure of gangliosides. Phylogenetic analysis of brain gangliosides using the A2B5 preparation demonstrated that c‐series gangliosides are enriched in lower animals, especially bony fish of different species. The monoclonal antibody A2B5 would be a useful tool for examining the distribution and function of c‐series gangliosides.
An evaluation of low power wide area network technologies for the Internet of Things (2016)

We explore the state of the art in solutions for low power wide area (LPWA) networks and technologies serving the Internet of Things (IoT) and Connectivity for Everything markets. These networks are forecast to capture up to 55% market share using battery-powered devices operating up to 10 years and link distances measured in tens of kilometers. In this paper, we survey two LPWA technologies; ultra-narrow band solutions by SigFox and the LoRa technology by Semtech. Both technologies operate in the licence-exempt industrial, scientific, & medical (ISM) bands (EU 868 MHz / US 915 MHz). We survey both solutions in terms of physical layer (PHY) and associated medium access control (MAC) capabilities from an end-to-end system viewpoint. We then proceed to explore coverage ranges in eastern Ireland.We present results indicating a potential coverage area of 3,800 km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and from a real-world experimental test case involving the use of SigFox's technology operating over a 25 km test link between a 25 mW LPWA client test and a basestation. Finally, we provide example results demonstrating a received SNR consistently exceeding 20 dB over this test link distance.
Design of redundant FIR precoders for arbitrary channel lengths based on an MMSE criterion (2003)

The joint design of transmitter and receiver for multichannel data transmission over dispersive channels is considered. In particular, the practically important case where the transmitter consists of FIR filters and the channel impulse response has arbitrary length is addressed. The design criterion is the minimization of the mean squared error at the receiver output under the constraint of a fixed transmit power. The proposed algorithm allows a straightforward transmitter design and yields (in general) a near-optimal solution for the transmit filters. Under certain conditions, the exact solution for the optimal transmitter is obtained.
Effects of<i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i>and<i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i>on gut barrier function and heat shock proteins in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (2015)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a set of highly conserved proteins that can serve as intestinal gate keepers in gut homeostasis. Here, effects of a probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), and two novel porcine isolates, Lactobacillus johnsonii strain P47-HY and Lactobacillus reuteri strain P43-HUV, on cytoprotective HSP expression and gut barrier function, were investigated in a porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cell line model. The IPEC-J2 cells polarized on a permeable filter exhibited villus-like cell phenotype with development of apical microvilli. Western blot analysis detected HSP expression in IPEC-J2 and revealed that L. johnsonii and L. reuteri strains were able to significantly induce HSP27, despite high basal expression in IPEC-J2, whereas LGG did not. For HSP72, only the supernatant of L. reuteri induced the expression, which was comparable to the heat shock treatment, which indicated that HSP72 expression was more stimulus specific. The protective effect of lactobacilli was further studied in IPEC-J2 under an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) challenge. ETEC caused intestinal barrier destruction, as reflected by loss of cell-cell contact, reduced IPEC-J2 cell viability and transepithelial electrical resistance, and disruption of tight junction protein zonula occludens-1. In contrast, the L. reuteri treatment substantially counteracted these detrimental effects and preserved the barrier function. L. johnsonii and LGG also achieved barrier protection, partly by directly inhibiting ETEC attachment. Together, the results indicate that specific strains of Lactobacillus can enhance gut barrier function through cytoprotective HSP induction and fortify the cell protection against ETEC challenge through tight junction protein modulation and direct interaction with pathogens.
Empirical formulas to estimate cable tension by cable fundamental frequency (2005)

The cable tension plays an important role in the construction, assessment and long-term health monitoring of cable structures. The cable vibration equation is nonlinear if cable sag and bending stiffness are included. The engineering implementation of a vibration-based cable tension evaluation is mostly carried out by the simple taut string theory. However, the simple theory may cause unacceptable errors in many applications since the cable sag and bending stiffness are ignored. From the practical point of view, it is necessary to have empirical formulas if they are simple and yet accurate. Based on the solutions by means of energy method and fitting the exact solutions of cable vibration equations where the cable sag and bending stiffness are respectively taken into account, the empirical formulas are proposed in the paper to estimate cable tension based on the cable fundamental frequency only. The applicability of the proposed formulas is verified by comparing the results with those reported in the literatures and with the experimental results carried out on the stay cables in the laboratory. The proposed formulas are straightforward and they are convenient for practical engineers to fast estimate the cable tension by the cable fundamental frequency.
INDIVIDUAL MEAN-VARIANCE RELATION AND STOCK-LEVEL INVESTOR SENTIMENT (2017)

This research studies the effect of stock-level investor sentiment on individual stock returns’ mean-variance relation. Using unique buy and sell volume data of retail investors in Korean stock market, we find that a positive mean-variance relation is undermined among high-sentiment stocks, but holds among low-sentiment stocks. We adopt buy-sell imbalances of retail investors for individual stocks as a measure of stock-level investor sentiment. Further, our findings provide empirical evidence of a strong riskreturn trade-off among stocks with low retail concentration (e.g., large capitalization, high-priced, and growth stocks). Existing research only analyzes market-wide investor sentiment. However, we study the effect of stock-level investor sentiment on individual stock returns. Therefore, our findings suggest novel implications about the investment strategy that the stock-level investor sentiment is important when constructing portfolios based on variance.
On the use of decorrelation in scalar signal separation (2002)

In this paper we describe a method to separate a scalar mixture of two signals. The method is based on the use of decorrelation as a signal separation criterion. It is proven analytically that decorrelating the output signals at different time lags is sufficient provided that the normalised autocorrelation functions of the source signals are sufficiently distinct. The method involves an iterative least-squares solution of a set of nonlinear equations. Alternatively, a gradient search algorithm can also be used to find the minimum of the sum of squares of these equations. Both time- and frequency-domain formulations are given. Some convergence and stability issues are discussed and a small example is given at the end.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells Are Potent Antigen-Presenting Cells Able to Activate T Cells and Mediate Tumor Rejection (2006)

Dendritic cells (DC) are potent inducers of immune responses. DC have been shown to infiltrate tumors, but very little is known about the functional status of these naturally occurring tumor-infiltrating DC (TIDC). In this study, the status and function of TIDC from several types of mouse melanoma were investigated in detail. CD11c+/MHC II+ cells, consistent with a DC phenotype, were found in all of transplantable or spontaneous melanomas studied. These TIDC were predominantly myeloid (CD11c+/CD8alpha-/B220-) in nature with small numbers of plasmacytoid (CD11c+/B220+). TIDC had an intermediate maturation phenotype with some expression of costimulatory molecules and the capacity to take up particles. Upon culture overnight ex vivo, the TIDC markedly up-regulated the expression of costimulatory molecules and also increased IL-12 production. Importantly, such ex vivo-matured TIDC pulsed with OVA were able to migrate to lymph nodes, to activate naive OVA-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and to confer protection against a challenge with OVA-expressing tumor cells. In conclusion, melanomas are infiltrated by functional DC that can act as fully competent APC. These APC have the potential to be manipulated and may therefore represent a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.
Broadband and high‐gain printed antennas constructed from Fabry–Perot resonator structure using EBG or FSS cover (2006)

Abstract Fabry–Perot resonators with EBG or FSS cover are introduced to enhance the gain of printed antenna. Based on a systematic comparison study, two kinds of optimization designs are proposed for enhancing the gain and reducing the backward radiation. The validation of the simulated and experimental results confirms that the expected performance is met. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1272–1274, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21674
A new pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound system to measure blood velocities beyond the Nyquist limit (1995)

Conventional pulsed wave (PW) Doppler ultrasound systems measure blood velocities unambiguously as long as the velocities are less than the Nyquist velocity. Here, a new PW Doppler ultrasound system is described, which can measure velocities up to 4.5 times higher than the Nyquist velocity. The new PW system presented here utilizes two ultrasound carrier frequencies, such that an appropriate processing of the Doppler frequencies results in an extended mean-velocity range. With this extended mean-velocity information, the complex Doppler signal is interpolated to reconstruct aliased Doppler spectra. The interpolation algorithm has been tested by computer simulations demonstrating the capabilities and limits. The integration into a commercial Doppler scanner allowed the evaluation of the new PW system in real time. In vitro and in vivo tests demonstrate the effective reconstruction of highly aliased Doppler spectra.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of Associative Memory Using Parallel Chained Hashing (1984)

Two parallel hashing algorithms based on open and chained hashing are discussed. The parallel chained hashing algorithm is efficient even in the environment where deletion and insertion frequently occur. The chained hashing memory with fewer memory banks has a performance equivalent to that of the open hashing memory.
<title>Subbing Layer Surface Energy Effects On The Writing And Degradation Characteristics Of Te and Te-alloy Optical Recording Media</title> (1983)

A detailed study of the effects of the subbing layer surface energy on the laser writing sensitivity, optical properties (reflection, transmission and absorption) and lifetime of Te and TeGe films is reported. A continuous spread of surface energies is obtained by using plasma deposited teflon and spin coatable methyltrifluoro-methylacrylate-co-methylmethacrylate polymers of a range of compositions. Based on these studies it is concluded that low surface energy surfaces do not improve the mature hole opening threshold of TeGe films and that the improvements seen for Te films are likely due to changes in the film microstructure. The observed comparatively poor lifetime performance of Te films deposited onto low surface energy surfaces can also be explained by microstructural changes.
Evolution of ultraviolet vision in the largest avian radiation - the passerines (2011)

The phylogenetic distribution of SWS1 cone opsin types in Passeriformes reveals a much higher degree of complexity in avian colour vision evolution than what was previously indicated from the limited data available. Clades with variation in the colour vision system are nested among clades with a seemingly stable VS or UVS state, providing a rare opportunity to understand how an ecologically important trait under simple genetic control may co-evolve with, and be stabilised by, associated traits in a character complex.
Synthesis and antiviral activity of novel N-substituted derivatives of acyclovir (1988)

Novel N-substituted derivatives of acyclovir (1a) were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral, antimetabolic, and antitumor cell properties in vitro. Monomethylation of 1a at positions 1, 7, and N-2 gave compounds 2-4, respectively. When positions 1 and N-2 were linked together by an isopropeno group, the tricyclic 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-1,N-2-isopropenoguanine (5) was obtained. Compound 5 was then further methylated at positions N-2 and 7 to give 6 and 7, respectively. None of the new acyclovir derivatives showed any appreciable antimetabolic or antitumor cell activity. However, compounds 2 and 5 exhibited a marked antiherpetic activity. Their activity spectrum was similar to that of acyclovir, and their selectivity as inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) was at least as great as, if not greater than, that of acyclovir.