gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online Deep Metric Learning. (2018)

Metric learning learns a metric function from training data to calculate the similarity or distance between samples. From the perspective of feature learning, metric learning essentially learns a new feature space by feature transformation (e.g., Mahalanobis distance metric). However, traditional metric learning algorithms are shallow, which just learn one metric space (feature transformation). Can we further learn a better metric space from the learnt metric space? In other words, can we learn metric progressively and nonlinearly like deep learning by just using the existing metric learning algorithms? To this end, we present a hierarchical metric learning scheme and implement an online deep metric learning framework, namely ODML. Specifically, we take one online metric learning algorithm as a metric layer, followed by a nonlinear layer (i.e., ReLU), and then stack these layers modelled after the deep learning. The proposed ODML enjoys some nice properties, indeed can learn metric progressively and performs superiorly on some datasets. Various experiments with different settings have been conducted to verify these properties of the proposed ODML.
Involvement of hydrogen peroxide production in erbstatin-induced apoptosis in human small cell lung carcinoma cells. (1996)

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erbstatin, induced morphological apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in human small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells. Erbstatin-induced apoptosis was inhibited by antioxidants, whereas erbstatin-inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation was not affected by them. Erbstatin was shown by means of flow cytometry to induce hydrogen peroxide generation. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide induced morphological apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in the SCLC cells. We also demonstrated that erbstatin-induced hydrogen peroxide production and DNA fragmentation were partially suppressed by inhibition of protein synthesis. Thus, erbstatin-induced apoptosis would be due to hydrogen peroxide generation via newly synthesized protein.
Role of chemotherapy resistance genes in outcome of neuroblastoma (2006)

High expression of these multidrug resistance genes in advanced neuroblastoma is not the main parameter of response to cytotoxic drugs; clinical response to treatment remains the most important parameter in predicting the prognosis of patients with advanced neuroblastoma, until other relevant laboratory parameters have been identified.
TGF-β<sub>1</sub>is a negative regulator of lymphatic regeneration during wound repair (2008)

Although clinical studies have identified scarring/fibrosis as significant risk factors for lymphedema, the mechanisms by which lymphatic repair is impaired remain unknown. Transforming growth factor -beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a critical regulator of tissue fibrosis/scarring and may therefore also play a role in the regulation of lymphatic regeneration. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess the role of TGF-beta1 on scarring/fibrosis and lymphatic regeneration in a mouse tail model. Acute lymphedema was induced in mouse tails by full-thickness skin excision and lymphatic ligation. TGF-beta1 expression and scarring were modulated by repairing the wounds with or without a topical collagen gel. Lymphatic function and histological analyses were performed at various time points. Finally, the effects of TGF-beta1 on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in vitro were evaluated. As a result, the wound repair with collagen gel significantly reduced the expression of TGF-beta1, decreased scarring/fibrosis, and significantly accelerated lymphatic regeneration. The addition of recombinant TGF-beta1 to the collagen gel negated these effects. The improved lymphatic regeneration secondary to TGF-beta1 inhibition was associated with increased infiltration and proliferation of LECs and macrophages. TGF-beta1 caused a dose-dependent significant decrease in cellular proliferation and tubule formation of isolated LECs without changes in the expression of VEGF-C/D. Finally, the increased expression of TGF-beta1 during wound repair resulted in lymphatic fibrosis and the coexpression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor-1 in regenerated lymphatics. In conclusion, the inhibition of TGF-beta1 expression significantly accelerates lymphatic regeneration during wound healing. An increased TGF-beta1 expression inhibits LEC proliferation and function and promotes lymphatic fibrosis. These findings imply that the clinical interventions that diminish TGF-beta1 expression may be useful in promoting more rapid lymphatic regeneration.
Development and Application of Terahertz Pulsed Imaging for Nondestructive Inspection of Pharmaceutical Tablet (2008)

Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) was evaluated for nondestructively characterizing the 3-D internal structures of pharmaceutical tablets. The structural information of a pharmaceutical tablet, such as coating thickness and interface uniformity, was obtained directly from the analysis of the time-domain terahertz waveform. The chemical map of a sample was obtained by using frequency-domain terahertz spectra, together with spectral matching techniques such as cosine correlation mapping. The axial spatial resolution achieved was 30 mum, limited by the confinement of terahertz pulses in time (pulse width); and the lateral spatial resolution was determined to be 150 mum at 90 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> (2.7 THz), limited by the confinement of terahertz pulses in space (focus size, which is diffraction limited and thus frequency dependent). In addition, the buried structure within a tablet was mapped using the TPI, and its chemical composition was successfully identified through spectral-time analysis of the recorded terahertz waveform. We also present a rigorous electromagnetic theory for simulating the terahertz propagation in a multilayered sample, to facilitate terahertz data analysis and interpretation. In conclusion, the TPI is a powerful tool for assaying the tablet coating layer thickness and interface uniformity, and for identifying polymorphs.
69.4: <i>Invited Paper</i> : SELAX Technology for Poly‐Si TFTs Integrated with Amorphous‐Si TFTs (2008)

Abstract We developed an advanced LTPS (A‐LTPS) manufacturing process, which enables production of LTPS‐TFTs by utilizing the conventional a‐Si TFT production line. The a‐Si TFT process was combined with selectively enlarging laser crystallization (SELAX) technology to improve the carrier mobility in the region where the peripheral circuits are to be fabricated. A 2.4‐inch IPS‐LCD panel for personal digital assistant use was successfully fabricated using the developed technology.
Convenient route to monocyclopentadienylzirconium(IV) complexes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient route to monocyclopentadienylzirconium(IV) complexesGerhard Erker, Klaus Berg, Lothar Treschanke, and Klaus EngelCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 3, 1277–1278Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00133a085https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00133a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Staging of Gastric Cancer with Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (1998)

Since it was found that the gastrointestinal wall is visualized as a five-layered structure corresponding to the histological layers of the wall, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has become recognized clinically as the most accurate method for diagnosing and assessing the local staging of gastric cancer. However, some problems have remained, including how to differentiate between cancer invasion and ulcer fibrosis, how to detect microinvasion, and how to recognize malignant lymph nodes. Using the pattern analysis for depressed-type gastric cancer, it is usually possible to distinguish between cancer invasion and ulcer fibrosis, except in cases of microinvasion into ulcer fibrosis or inadequate scanning. However, the sensitivity of EUS for evaluating metastatic lymph nodes is still problematic. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for early gastric cancer has been widely accepted as a standard treatment in Japan due to its minimal invasiveness. According to our data, the overall rate of radical resection was 68.3% (168 of 246), and 31.7% of the remaining patients additionally received laser treatment, surgery, or heater-probe treatment. There were no deaths owing to gastric cancer. Some lesions in which there was microinvasion of the submucosa were incorrectly diagnosed by EUS. It may be possible to solve this problem using three-dimensional EUS (3D-EUS) in the near future.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductase from <i>Rhodobacter capsulatus</i>:  Characterization of a Y114 → F Mutant (2002)

A system for expressing site-directed mutants of the molybdenum enzyme dimethyl sulfoxide reductase from Rhodobacter capsulatus in the natural host was constructed. This system was used to generate and express dimethyl sulfoxide reductase with a Y114F mutation. The Y114F mutant had an increased k(cat) and increased K(m) toward both dimethyl sulfoxide and trimethylamine N-oxide compared to the native enzyme, and the value of k(cat)/K(m) was lower for both substrates in the mutant enzyme. The Y114F mutant, as isolated, was able to oxidize dimethyl sulfide with phenazine ethosulfate as the electron acceptor but with a lower k(cat) than that of the native enzyme. The pH optimum of dimethyl sulfide:acceptor oxidoreductase activity in the Y114F mutant was shown to be shifted by +1 pH unit compared to the native enzyme. The Y114F mutant did not form a pink complex with dimethyl sulfide, which is characteristic of the native enzyme. The mutant enzyme showed a large increase in the K(d) for DMS. Direct electrochemistry showed that the Mo(V)/Mo(IV) couple was unaffected by the Y114F mutant, but the midpoint potential of the Mo(VI)/Mo(V) couple was raised by about 50 mV. These data confirm that the Y114 residue plays a critical role in oxidation-reduction processes at the molybdenum active site and in oxygen atom transfer associated with sulfoxide reduction.
The design of an automatic vision switching system (2015)

The importance of Robotics has been recognized by the manufacturing industry. The introduction of Computer Vision has greatly increased the versatility and application domain of robots such as the interaction between the robot and its changing environment. From previously developed vision position correction methods and currently used visual servo-feedback techniques, computer vision systems present many possibilities in improving the quality and productivity of an industrial product. But computer vision systems also have limits in dealing with some robotic tasks such as Storage Battery Cap Installation. Random geometric distortion exists, which results from the characteristics of battery material or from the positioning error of fixtures. Robotic teaching-playback method can not guarantee the assembly precision when deviation happens. A vision system introduced into the robotic system allows it to respond to an uncertain environment. Conventional vision correction methods only drive robots to the final position without considering robotic trajectory control. They reduce the robotic operation speed compared with stable conditions. Visual servo-feedback techniques can generate the optimal path and assembly precision, but the calculation of visual servo control algorithm is time consuming. It also reduces robotic execution time. In addition, random assembly tasks sometimes do not need vision correction. So the justification of this robotic vision system is improved robotic assembly accuracy that does not affect other robot performance. In this thesis a new robotic vision control system, Automatic Vision Switching System (AVSS), was designed. It was derived from the concept of Just-in-Time and dealt with the installation of storage battery caps. It demonstrated a vision system that functions to correct just when it is needed. Image processing techniques for solving the battery hole’s centroid values were included in AVSS design. The experiment was carried out based on an AdeptOne robot, a Vision-EZ system, a camera with eye-in-hand configuration, and a battery model. The experimental results showed that the AVSS can integrate a vision system with a robotic system efficiently. The AVSS identified the deviation of battery holes’ locations and generated the corrected values in real time. The control accuracy, operation speed and optimal path of robotic manipulator were obtained. The AVSS can also be used in other industrial tasks where random variation is present.
Epstein–Barr virus infections: prospects for treatment (2005)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis and oral hairy leucoplakia, and is associated with a number of malignancies. There are, however, no regulatory agency-approved treatments for EBV-related diseases. Several antiviral drugs inhibit replication of EBV in cell culture including acyclic nucleoside and nucleotide analogues and pyrophosphate analogues, all of which inhibit the EBV DNA polymerase. Despite their potency in vitro, these drugs have limited use in vivo for treatment of acute primary EBV infection as well as EBV-associated malignancies for several reasons. Here we discuss novel anti-EBV compounds, including maribavir, potentially useful for the treatment of acute EBV infections. A number of experimental approaches for treatment of EBV-related malignancies that are not susceptible to conventional antiviral drug treatment are also discussed.
Shadow Banking: A Review of the Literature (2018)

We provide an overview of the rapidly evolving literature on shadow credit intermediation.The shadow banking system consists of a web of specialized financial institutions that conduct credit, maturity, and liquidity transformation without direct, explicit access to public backstops.The lack of such access to sources of government liquidity and credit backstops makes shadow banks inherently fragile.Much of shadow banking activities is intertwined with the operations of core regulated institutions such as bank holding companies and insurance companies, thus creating a source of systemic risk for the financial system at large.We review fundamental reasons for the existence of shadow banking, explain the functioning of shadow banking institutions and activities, discuss why shadow banks need to be regulated, and review the impact of recent reform efforts on shadow banking credit intermediation.
Statistical Measures for the Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Mammographic Masses (1999)

Trevor Hastie, Debra Ikeda, Robert Tibshirani, Statistical Measures for the Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Mammographic Masses, Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Sep., 1999), pp. 531-543
Current Perspectives on Silicone Rubber Technology (1981)

Abstract This perspective embraced many factors that are important in understanding silicone elastomer technology and the reasons for the unique properties that they exhibit. The fact that they possess the lowest transition temperatures for any known polymer qualify them as a viscoelastic polymer that can be converted to an elastomer by crosslinking. Important also is the fact that the polymer molecules are predominantly linear prior to vulcanization, which allows high extensibility when the chemical crosslinks are in the desirable range of 100–400 mer units. Siloxane chemistry is uniquely different from hydrocarbon chemistry primarily because silicon is more electropositive than carbon, and the siloxane bonds possess more ionic character. Intermolecular forces for polydimethylsiloxane based elastomers are much lower than hydrocarbon polymer based elastomers. These polymers exhibit unusually high chain flexibility, easy rotation of pendant organic groups attached to silicon, and more free volume at ambient conditions than other polymers. These properties contribute to the lower T g values and less change in properties ( e.g. , viscosity of polymers, elastomer modulus and strength) with temperature, compared with organic elastomers. Additional properties that contribute to the unique properties of silicone elastomers are low surface energy, excellent oxidative and thermal resistance formulatibility to provide excellent resistance to hydrolysis and rearrangement of siloxane bonds, easy modification of solubility characteristics by substitution of different organic groups on silicon, and the use of simple chemistry alterations that allow a range of molecular weights for making high and low consistency compositions that can be crosslinked either at elevated or room temperature conditions by a variety of reactions. The unusually high degree of reinforcement obtained with silica fillers compared with nonreinforced silicone polymers is a result of excellent polymer filler bonding which consists of largely physical bonds with some chemical bonds also being present after exposure to elevated temperature curing conditions. The combination of the above mentioned properties contribute to the fact that silicone elastomers have become important engineering materials that find hundreds of difficult-to-satisfy applications. Based on the excellent potential for continued technology advancement for silicone elastomers, it is believed that substantial future growth of this family of elastomers will occur.
Efficacy of polyethylene glycol adhesion barrier after gynecological laparoscopic surgery (2011)

Postoperative adhesions are the most frequent complication of peritoneal surgery, causing small bowel obstruction, female infertility and chronic pain. This pilot study assessed the efficacy of a sprayable polyethylene glycol (PEG) barrier in the prevention of de novo adhesions. 16 patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery were randomly assigned by shuffled sealed envelopes to receive either the adhesion barrier or no adhesion prevention. Incidence and severity of adhesions were scored at eight sites in the pelvis and reassessed by second look laparoscopy. Adhesion prevention was considered successful if no de novo adhesion were found at second look laparoscopy. One patient was excluded before randomization. Nine patients were randomized to treatment and six patients to control group. De novo adhesions were found in 0/9 patients who received the PEG barrier compared to 4/6 without adhesion prevention (0% vs. 67%, P = 0.01). Reduction in adhesion score was significantly greater in patients receiving PEG barrier (-2.6 vs. -0.06, P = 0.03). Meta-analysis of three randomized trials demonstrated that PEG barrier reduces the incidence of adhesions (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27; 95% CI 0.11-0.67). From this study, PEG barrier seems effective in reducing postoperative formation of de novo adhesions.
Incarceration of Nanosized Silica into Porous Coordination Polymers: Preparation, Characterization, and Adsorption Property (2011)

Sol−gel polycondensation of tetramethoxysilane was performed in nanochannels of porous coordination polymers (PCPs), resulting in the formation of nanosized silica dispersed homogeneously inside the channels. In this system, the growth of silica was highly constrained, which increases the hydrophilic silanol moieties on the surface of silica particles. Deposition of silica particles into the nanochannels of PCPs could allow the remarkable alternations of the porous properties of the PCPs. Compared to the original PCP systems, adsorption of water was greatly enhanced because of the strong interaction between silica and water. The PCP−silica nanocomposites preferred to adsorb 1,4-dioxane rather than cyclohexane, showing the remarkable affinity of PCP−silica hybrids to hydrophilic molecules. It is noteworthy that pore dimensionality of PCPs have large effects on the adsorption properties of PCP−silica hybrids. Compared to a PCP with three-dimensional interconnecting nanochannels, a PCP with one-dimensional porous system showed more significant gate effects on selectivity for the adsorbates.
Evaluation of Non-Aqueous Propylene Glycol as an Engine Coolant for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Five different engine tests utilizing nonaqueous propylene glycol as the engine coolant were run to examine various aspects of durability and engine performance. This paper reports the results of these engine and bench tests designed to quantify the effects on performance and engine durability. Comparisons are made to baseline engine tests using 50 % aqueous ethylene glycol coolant. Also reported are the data necessary to determine the effects on the size and design of related heat exchangers.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Based on these test results, some of the presumed advantages and disadvantages of the use of non-aqueous propylene glycol engine coolants (<span class="xref">1</span>) <span class="xref">*</span> have been quantified. This work is useful as a basis for further work using total-vehicle systems taking advantage of this innovative technology.</div>
Grundlagen der Führungsentscheidung (1966)

Kommunikation ist ein Grundproblem unseres Lebens. Cherry1) definiert Kommunikation als Bildung einer sozialen Einheit aus Individuen durch den Gebrauch von Sprachen und Zeichen. Die Möglichkeit der Ausformung von Gesellschaftssystemen hängt aufs engste mit der Kommunikation zusammen. Der technische, wirtschaftliche und soziale Fortschritt wäre ohne die Fortentwicklung der Kommunikationssysteme und der Kommunikationstechnik nicht denkbar. Gegenwärtig leben wir in einer Phase der Entwicklung der Kommunikationstechnik, in der die Massenmedien entscheidende Bedeutung für die öffentliche Kommunikation erlangt haben.
Specific survivin dual fluorescence resonance energy transfer molecular beacons for detection of human bladder cancer cells (2011)

目的: Survivin 分子的烽火能被用来 non-invasively 在尿样品检测膀胱癌症房间。这研究的目的是用 survivin 改进膀胱癌症房间的察觉的特性双的荧光回声精力转移分子的烽火(烦恼 MB ) 有 fluorophores 形成一施主领受人对。