gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Thrombosis on a Collagen Coated Arterioarterial Shunt in Rats: A Pharmacological Model to Study Antithrombotic Agents inhibiting Thrombin Formation and Platelet Deposition (1993)

A rat thrombosis model was developed to assess the efficacity of antithrombotic drugs. It had the following characteristics: controlled hemodynamic and rheological conditions corresponding to arterial flow, a collagen coated surface as a relevant thrombogenic stimulus, a method of measurement allowing dynamic monitoring of thrombus formation and the possibility to assess the thrombus structure. A shunt composed of polyethylene and silicone catheters, including in the middle of the shunt a collagen coated glass capillary, was inserted between the two primitive carotids of the rat. The duration of patency of the shunt was recorded using a thermic probe fixed on its central part. In this model, the patency of the shunt was 539 +/- 55 s. Platelet and fibrinogen-fibrin accumulation in successive one centimeter segments along the shunt were measured using 111In labeled platelets and 125I labeled fibrinogen. Platelet accumulation occurred on the collagen coated surface and at the junctions between the different components of the shunt, where flow was disturbed. The effects of four antithrombotic agents were measured: aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin and r-hirudin. Clopidogrel, heparin and hirudin significantly prolonged patency duration of the shunt, whereas aspirin was inactive. Aspirin did not reduce platelet or fibrinogen-fibrin accumulation on the collagen coated surface. Platelet accumulation on the collagen surface was significantly lower in the clopidogrel group (50 mg/kg) than in the group treated with heparin (500 U/kg), demonstrating the direct antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. Hirudin at doses giving similar values of APTT as heparin (500 U/kg) prolonged the occlusion time to over 2 h while the heparin occlusion time was only 20 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Complexity of <i>COX</i>-<i>2</i> gene regulation (2008)

Overexpression of the enzyme COX-2 (cyclo-oxygenase-2) is associated with various pathophysiological conditions, including inflammatory diseases and different cancers. Increased synthesis of COX-2 in fetal membranes and the myometrium is also linked with the onset of term and preterm labour. COX-2 gene regulation is controlled at various levels including gene transcription and post-transcriptional events. The present article focuses on the complexity of COX-2 gene regulation and reviews current concepts that highlight: (i) transcription of COX-2 is induced rapidly and transiently in response to a plethora of stimuli; (ii) COX-2 mRNA stability and translational efficiency is governed by multiple regulatory elements within the 3'-untranslated region; (iii) specific microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins influence COX-2 mRNA stability; and (iv) regulation of COX-2 involves alternative polyadenylation.
A 'best' mismatched filter response for radar clutter discrimination (1968)

The response of a mismatched filter which will reduce the effects of radar clutter energy on signal detection is considered in this paper. Clutter is assumed to result from scatterers having a range-velocity distribution different from that of a desired target. A tradeoff between signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is made. The mathematical treatment involves controlling the distribution of the volume of the squared magnitude <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t/f</tex> cross-correlation function associated with a given transmitted waveform and the response of the mismatched receiving filter. A measure of this volume is minimized for variations in mismatched filter response under suitable constraints on the output signal and noise powers. The essential result is contained in a linear integral equation. A method of solution is illustrated which enables one to choose a "best" tradeoff between SCR and SNR.
Patterns of sharing customizable software (1990)

The act of customizing software is generally viewed as a solitary activity that allows users to express individual preferences. In this study, users at two different research sites, working with two different kinds of customizable software, were found to actively share their customization files with each other. This sharing allowed the members of each organization to establish and perpetuate informally-defined norms of behavior.
Study on electric arc's on-line detection and warning system for low voltage distribution box (2010)

The switch contacts and connection terminals of low voltage distribution box can arouse arc fault easily for the bad contact. The arc fault not only can affect the normal power supply, but also can arouse electrical fire probably. In order to check arc fault reliably, the arc voltage signal and arc light intensity signal are separately detected. This technology is the domestic first. Extract input and output line voltage of the distribution box, convert them into frequency signal respectively, and compare them to gain the arc voltage signal. Put the arc voltage signal and arc light intensity signal into the advanced single-chip microcomputer, PIC16F877, to analyze and estimate synthetically. The arc fault on-line detection and warning system not only can check and forecast the electrical fault of low voltage distribution box, but also can early warn the hidden danger of electrical fire.
Robust three-dimensional best-path phase-unwrapping algorithm that avoids singularity loops (2009)

In this paper we propose a novel hybrid three-dimensional phase-unwrapping algorithm, which we refer to here as the three-dimensional best-path avoiding singularity loops (3DBPASL) algorithm. This algorithm combines the advantages and avoids the drawbacks of two well-known 3D phase-unwrapping algorithms, namely, the 3D phase-unwrapping noise-immune technique and the 3D phase-unwrapping best-path technique. The hybrid technique presented here is more robust than its predecessors since it not only follows a discrete unwrapping path depending on a 3D quality map, but it also avoids any singularity loops that may occur in the unwrapping path. Simulation and experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms its parent techniques in terms of reliability and robustness.
Development of Firing Schedule to Prepare Composite Pre-reduced (CPR) Pellets. (1994)

The newly developed CPR(composite pre-reduced) pellet, consists of a metallised sponge iron core encased in a partially reduced and sintered iron oxide shell, Such CPR pellets are obtained by firing a composite iron ore-coal char pellet prepared by two stage pelletisation.
[Acute alcoholism with myoglobinuria: an autopsy case report]. (2003)

We report an autopsy case of fatal acute alcoholism showing myoglobinuria and myocardial damage. The victim was a 29-year-old male, who was found drunk at his home. Although he was once brought to a hospital following a police officer's advice, he was taken into custody without effective medical care due to his violent behavior, and died about 16 hours later. Autopsy revealed marked congestion of the viscera and fatty liver. Histologically, skeletal muscle and myocardium showed focal degeneration and necrosis. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed a diffuse myoglobin loss from muscle fibers. Alcohol concentrations were 0.54 mg/ml, 0.79 mg/ml and 2.53 mg/ml in the left, right heart blood and urine, respectively. No other drugs or poisons were detected. The urine was dark brown, showing marked myoglobinuria. Cardiac troponin T, I and CK-MB in the pericardial fluid showed elevated levels even when postmortem influence was taken into consideration. From these observations, the cause of death was determined as myocardial damage from advanced acute alcoholic myopathy accompanied by myoglobinuria, possibly with underlying alcohol abuse. The present case suggests that careful clinical observation and adequate management are essential for an alcoholic patient with neurological symptoms.
Melatonin: Exceeding Expectations (2014)

Melatonin is a small, highly conserved indole with numerous receptor-mediated and receptor-independent actions. Receptor-dependent functions include circadian rhythm regulation, sleep, and cancer inhibition. The receptor-independent actions relate to melatonin's ability to function in the detoxification of free radicals, thereby protecting critical molecules from the destructive effects of oxidative stress under conditions of ischemia/reperfusion injury (stroke, heart attack), ionizing radiation, and drug toxicity, among others. Melatonin has numerous applications in physiology and medicine.
La B 6 tip-modified multiwalled carbon nanotube as high quality field emission electron source (2006)

An effective field emitter has been developed by modifying an individual multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) tip with LaB6. The modified emitter possesses the merits of both the MWCNT and LaB6, which presents a significant low turn-on voltage, good emission properties, and long lifetime. As a result, a total current of 70μA has been reached at a very low electric field of only 1.2V∕μm for an individual modified MWCNT emitter, which is also expected to have advantages of high brightness and coherence, clearly indicating great promise for practical applications such as electron guns or cathodes for field emission flat panel display.
Use of soy isoflavones on hormone replacement therapy during climacteric (2014)

Menopause is the physiological stage of women's lives, which occurs in the transition from reproductive to non-reproductive phase. During this period, physiological and clinical changes may occur due to the decline of estrogen production by the ovaries. In expectation of a better quality of life during this period, women seeking hormone replacement therapies that can minimize the unpleasant symptoms of menopause. The large number of women with contraindications to hormone replacement with synthetic estrogens boosted research on the constituents of plants with phenolic structure, especially phytoestrogens. Soy isoflavones have the ability to bind to estrogen receptors in several human cells and can act as estrogen, antiestrogen and antioxidant. The aim of this study is to determine the use of soy isoflavones on hormone replacement therapy in the climacteric period, thus presenting its activities in relieving symptoms.

	 

	Key words: Soy isoflavones, hormone replacement therapy, climacteric.
Glucose Clamps with the Biostator: A Critical Reappraisal (1994)

The Biostator makes it possible to perform glucose clamp experiments almost automatically. Thus, blood glucose concentrations can be maintained at (or close to) a target level with substantially less effort than with the manual clamp technique. The automatisation also avoids a potential bias on the part of the investigator. However, as with the non-automated manual clamp technique, blood glucose concentrations do not remain exactly at the target value, as they show a considerable scatter around the target value. This scatter is generated by the time constants of the Biostator, i.e. the whole closed-loop system, and the autoregressive properties of the glucose clamp algorithm used. In order to describe the quality of glucose clamps over time more precisely, "cumulative sums" as an alternative to the usual coefficient of variation can be used. Practical work with the Biostator is burdened with technical difficulties and considerable costs in comparison to the manual clamp technique. Deficits concerning data storage and presentation capability of the Biostator have been overcome by an appropriate programme for an external computer. The use of the Biostator for the glucose clamp technique is not mandatory, but, the use of this machine makes it possible to perform glucose clamp studies under standardised and reproducible conditions.
Novel Specificities of<i>Mucor hiemalis</i>Endo-β-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosaminidase Acting Complex Asparagine-Linked Oligosaccharides (1994)

Mucor hiemalis endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Endo-M) was proved to act on complex type biantennary oligosaccharides of glycoproteins by using dansylated asparagine-linked and pyridylaminated oligosaccharides, as the substrate. The enzyme could act on both asialo- and sialo-biantennary oligosaccharides. This is the only endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase known to act on sialo glycans, though their activity for them was weak. The enzyme could liberate complex type biantennary oligosaccharides from native human asialotransferrin, which was ascertained by a combination of the pyridylaminated method and HPLC. The enzyme had substrate specificity for high-mannose type oligosaccharides different from those of the endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases of other microorganisms: ovalbumin glycopeptide-IV was a better substrate for Endo-M than glycopeptide-V. The enzyme could act on complex type triantennary oligosaccharides of dansylated glycopeptide prepared from calf fetuin. The enzyme had various novel specificities in regard to activities on complex type and high-mannose type oligosaccharides in glycoproteins.
Predicting Substrates by Docking High-Energy Intermediates to Enzyme Structures (2006)

With the emergence of sequences and even structures for proteins of unknown function, structure-based prediction of enzyme activity has become a pragmatic as well as an interesting question. Here we investigate a method to predict substrates for enzymes of known structure by docking high-energy intermediate forms of the potential substrates. A database of such high-energy transition-state analogues was created from the KEGG metabolites. To reduce the number of possible reactions to consider, we restricted ourselves to enzymes of the amidohydrolase superfamily. We docked each metabolite into seven different amidohydrolases in both the ground-state and the high-energy intermediate forms. Docking the high-energy intermediates improved the discrimination between decoys and substrates significantly over the corresponding standard ground-state database, both by enrichment of the true substrates and by geometric fidelity. To test this method prospectively, we attempted to predict the enantioselectivity of a set of chiral substrates for phosphotriesterase, for both wild-type and mutant forms of this enzyme. The stereoselectivity ratios of the six enzymes considered for those four substrate enantiomer pairs differed over a range of 10- to 10,000-fold and underwent 20 switches in stereoselectivities for favored enantiomers, compared to the wild type. The docking of the high-energy intermediates correctly predicted the stereoselectivities for 18 of the 20 substrate/enzyme combinations when compared to subsequent experimental synthesis and testing. The possible applications of this approach to other enzymes are considered.
Broad-band superachromatic retarders and circular polarizers for the UV, visible and near infrared (2004)

Abstract We present designs for two combinations of conventional achromatic retarders that can be used, over the wavelength range from 300 to 1100 nm, to obtain retardations of a quarter-wave and a half-wave, respectively, as well as a combination that can be used as a circular polarizer over this range of wavelengths.
Late Holocene Paleoecology of the Southern Plains (1982)

Abstract Analyses of pollen and land snails from rocksheter sites in the Osage Hills of northeastern Oklahoma indicate that the period 2000-1000 yr B.P. was moister than today. During that time, colonies of the prairie vole Microtus ochrogaster were present in the Texas Panhandle. About 1000 yr B.P. the climate changed to dry conditions that have persisted to the present. Disjunct colonies of small mammals in Texas became extinct at the beginning of the dry episode, thereby establishing the composition of the modern fauna. The climatic model for the origin of the Panhandle Aspect (A.D. 1200–1500) is questioned on the grounds that the Southern Plains experienced a long period of dry climate commencing A.D. 950.
Pyrazine Heterocycles from 2,3‐Pyrazinedicarboxylic Anhydride (1991)

Abstract Pyrazine derivatives show a wide range of biological activities. Some derivatives are used for tuberculosis treatment 1) . Pyrazinosulfonamides are long acting sulfonamides 2) and in combination with certain pyrimidine derivatives have shown dramatic effects in clinical trials against resistant falciparum malaria 3) . A group of diuretics has been found among substituted amidinocarbamoyl‐aminopyrazines 4) .
Vitamin E: application of the principles of physical organic chemistry to the exploration of its structure and function (1986)

Peer reviewed: Yes
A hybrid sensor network for the real-time condition monitoring of rotating machinery (2010)

In this demo we address an application of a Predictive Maintenance Industrial system, for the monitoring of rotating machinery, which integrates both wired and wireless sensors, which comprise a triaxial acceleration sensor and a temperature sensor, in an Hybrid Network of sensors. The emphasis of the demonstration will be in this dual existence of networks, all integrated in one monitoring system. The setup will consist on the installation of two temperature and vibration sensor networks: i) a Zigbee network, ii) a Controller Area Network (CAN) which, through a Gateway setup, will be transmitting sensor data remotely, via the Zigbee network. All the information will be monitored in a PC, which will allow sensor configuration and the request of different kinds of desired data.
The protective effect of recombinant Lactococcus lactis oral vaccine on a Clostridium difficile-infected animal model (2013)

Recombinant L. lactis live vaccine is effective for preventing CDI in the hamster model, thus providing an alternative for immunization of C. difficile-associated diseases.
An efficient authentication and key agreement protocol for 4G (LTE) networks (2014)

Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks designed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) represent a widespread technology. LTE is mainly influenced by high data rates, minimum delay and the capacity due to scalable bandwidth and its flexibility. With the rapid and widespread use LTE networks, and increase the use in data/video transmission and Internet applications in general, accordingly, the challenges of securing and speeding up data communication in such networks is also increased. Authentication in LTE networks is very important process because most of the coming attacks occur during this stage. Attackers try to be authenticated and then launch the network resources and prevent the legitimate users from the network services. The basics of Extensible Authentication Protocol-Authentication and Key Agreement (EAP-AKA) are used in LTE AKA protocol which is called Evolved Packet System AKA (EPS-AKA) protocol to secure LTE network, However it still suffers from various vulnerabilities such as disclosure of the user identity, computational overhead, Man In The Middle (MITM) attack and authentication delay. In this paper, an Efficient EPS-AKA protocol (EEPS-AKA) is proposed to overcome those problems. The proposed protocol is based on the Simple Password Exponential Key Exchange (SPEKE) protocol. Compared to previous proposed methods, our method is faster, since it uses a secret key method which is faster than certificate-based methods, In addition, the size of messages exchanged between User Equipment (UE) and Home Subscriber Server (HSS) is reduced, this reduces authentication delay and storage overhead effectively. The automated validation of internet security protocols and applications (AVISPA) tool is used to provide a formal verification. Results show that the proposed EEPS-AKA is efficient and secure against active and passive attacks.
Corrosion of carbon steel in an aqueous carbon dioxide environment (1989)

A water phase during the travel in long gas transport pipes will accumulate increasing amounts of Fe/sup 2+/ corrosion product. For a pipeline with an unprocessed well stream of gas, liquid hydrocarbon, and condensed water, the Fe/sup 2+/ buildup in the water phase can have a major influence on the corrosion of carbon steel. The most important effect is that sufficiently high amounts of Fe/sup 2+/ lead to the formation of protecting corrosion films. These experiments were conducted to achieve better insight into the corrosion phenomena occurring in the water phase of a gas pipeline with liquid drop out and no formation water, i.e., with Fe/sup 2+/ and CO/sub 2/ as the main constituents in the water. Most research regarding oil- and gas-related CO/sub 2/ corrosion of carbon steels treats uniform corrosion in absence of FeCO/sub 3/ films. When corrosion rates are predicted from these experiments, rate forecasts tend to become too high because the protection offered by corrosion films is neglected. To improve the situation, the first aspect is to clarify under which conditions films form and then to understand their protecting properties.
A Framework for Speech Recognition using Logistic Regression (2007)

Although discriminative approaches like the support vector machine or logistic regression have had great success in many pattern recognition application, they have only achieved limited success in speech recognition. Two of the difficulties often encountered include 1) speech signals typically have variable lengths, and 2) speech recognition is a sequence labeling problem, where each spoken utterance corresponds to a sequence of words or phones.\n\nIn this thesis, we present a framework for automatic speech recognition using logistic regression. We solve the difficulty of variable length speech signals by including a mapping in the logistic regression framework that transforms each speech signal into a fixed-dimensional vector. The mapping is defined either explicitly with a set of hidden Markov models (HMMs) for the use in penalized logistic regression (PLR), or implicitly through a sequence kernel to be used with kernel logistic regression (KLR). Unlike previous work that has used HMMs in combination with a discriminative classification approach, we jointly optimize the logistic regression parameters and the HMM parameters using a penalized likelihood criterion. \n\nExperiments show that joint optimization improves the recognition accuracy significantly. The sequence kernel we present is motivated by the dynamic time warping (DTW) distance between two feature vector sequences. Instead of considering only the optimal alignment path, we sum up the contributions from all alignment paths. Preliminary experiments with the sequence kernel show promising results.\n\nA two-step approach is used for handling the sequence labeling problem. In the first step, a set of HMMs is used to generate an N-best list of sentence hypotheses for a spoken utterance. In the second step, these sentence hypotheses are rescored using logistic regression on the segments in the N-best list. A garbage class is introduced in the logistic regression framework in order to get reliable probability estimates for the segments in the N-best lists. We present results on both a connected digit recognition task and a continuous phone recognition task.
Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy in the treatment of hepatocarcinoma--results obtained from a series of 88 cases. (2009)

The main factors which influenced the survival of patients treated by PEIT were: the size of the HCC, the Child-Pugh class, the Barcelona stage and the level of alpha-fetoprotein at the time of initiation of therapy.
Classification into normal and abnormal breast tissues using NMF and SVM (2012)

We present a methodology that uses Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) for feature extraction from mammogram images. These measures are used as input features for a Support Vector Machine classifier with the purpose of distinguishing tissues between normal and abnormal cases. We compared our results with another popular technique of matrix factorization called Independent Component Analysis (ICA). We obtained better results with NMF, that prove to be a competitive technique as feature extraction and analysis.