gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analogs of 5-methylthioribose, a novel class of antiprotozoal agents (1988)

Since drug resistance and toxicity limit the use of available antiprotozoal agents, it is important that new drugs be developed as soon as possible. In this study, the method by which several protozoa degrade 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) was shown to differ from MTA catabolism in human cells. To exploit this metabolic difference, two analogs of methylthioribose (MTR), an MTA catabolite, were synthesized and found to be cytocidal to Plasmodium falciparum, Giardia lamblia, and Ochromonas malhamensis in vitro. In contrast, these analogs had no effect on cultured mammalian cells. Analogs of MTR represent a potential new class of antiprotozoal drugs.
Growth of Space Ordered on GaAs（100） Vicinal 1.3μm InAs Quantum Dots Substrates by MOCVD (2005)

Space ordered 1.3μm self-assembled InAs QDs are grown on GaAs（100） vicinal substrates by MOCVD. Photoluminescence measurements show that the dots on vicinal substrates have a much higher PL intensity and a narrower FWHM than those of dots on exact substrates, which indicates better material quality. To obtain 1.3μm emissions of InAs QDs, the role of the so called InGaAs strain cap layer （SCL） and the strain buffer layer （SBL） in the strain relaxation process in quantum dots is studied. While the use of SBL results only in a small change of emission wavelength,SCL can extend the QD＇s emission over 1.3μm due to the effective strain reducing effect of SCL.
Effect of Clozapine and Other Antipsychotics on the Level of Platelet-Associated Autoantibodies in Children with Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study (2015)

High rates of positive PAA in COS patients may indicate an active autoimmune process in early-onset schizophrenia. It is concluded that PAA may serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis of COS, but does not predict the response to treatment. A transition to a PAA-negative status does not indicate an improvement in psychosis. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Methylation of the CpG Sites Only on the Sense Strand of the APC Gene Is Specific for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2011)

Hypermethylation of the promoter of the tumor suppressor gene, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), occurs in various malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, reports on the specificity of the methylation of the APC gene for HCC have varied. To gain insight into how these variations occur, bisulfite PCR sequencing was performed to analyze the methylation status of both sense and antisense strands of the APC gene in samples of HCC tissue, matched adjacent non-HCC liver tissue, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and normal liver tissues. DNA derived from fetal liver and 12 nonhepatic normal tissue was also examined. These experiments revealed liver-specific, antisense strand-biased CpG methylation of the APC gene and suggested that, although methylation of the antisense strand of the APC gene exists in normal liver and other non-HCC disease liver tissue, methylation of the sense strand of the APC gene occurs predominantly in HCC. To determine the effect of the DNA strand on the specificity of the methylated APC gene as a biomarker for HCC detection, quantitative methylation-specific PCR assays for sense and antisense strand DNA were developed and performed on DNA isolated from HCC (n = 58), matched adjacent non-HCC (n = 58), cirrhosis (n = 41), and hepatitis (n = 39). Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed. With the cutoff value set at the limit of detection, the specificity of sense and antisense strand methylation was 84% and 43%, respectively, and sensitivity was 67.2% and 72.4%, respectively. This result demonstrated that the identity of the methylated DNA strand impacted the specificity of APC for HCC detection. Interestingly, methylation of the sense strand of APC occurred in 40% of HCCs from patients with serum AFP levels less than 20 ng/mL, suggesting a potential role for APC as a biomarker to complement AFP in HCC screening.
Effectiveness of Precision-guided Munitions on Armour Systems (2007)

Simulation methodology has been used to analyse the effectiveness of multi-barrel rocketlauncher system (MBRLs) delivering precision-guided munitions (PGMs) on armour forcedeployed in concentration areas under various terrain conditions. The methodology considersvarious aiming strategies, the effectiveness of the sensor and the imprecision in informationavailable about the target to evaluate the effectiveness of the MBRL system.
Building a robust vehicle detection and classification module (2015)

The growing adoption of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and autonomous driving requires robust real-time solutions for various event and object detection problems. Most of real-world systems still cannot rely on computer vision algorithms and employ a wide range of costly additional hardware like LIDARs. In this paper we explore engineering challenges encountered in building a highly robust visual vehicle detection and classification module that works under broad range of environmental and road conditions. The resulting technology is competitive to traditional non-visual means of traffic monitoring. The main focus of the paper is on software and hardware architecture, algorithm selection and domain-specific heuristics that help the computer vision system avoid implausible answers.
The Effect of Saturated Fatty Acids on Methanogenesis and Cell Viability of<i>Methanobrevibacter ruminantium</i> (2013)

Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are known to suppress ruminal methanogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are not well known. In the present study, inhibition of methane formation, cell membrane permeability (potassium efflux), and survival rate (LIVE/DEAD staining) of pure ruminal Methanobrevibacter ruminantium (DSM 1093) cell suspensions were tested for a number of SFAs. Methane production rate was not influenced by low concentrations of lauric (C12; 1 μg/mL), myristic (C14; 1 and 5 μg/mL), or palmitic (C16; 3 and 5 μg/mL) acids, while higher concentrations were inhibitory. C12 and C14 were most inhibitory. Stearic acid (C18), tested at 10-80 μg/mL and ineffective at 37°C, decreased methane production rate by half or more at 50°C and ≥50 μg/mL. Potassium efflux was triggered by SFAs (C12 = C14 > C16 > C18 = control), corroborating data on methane inhibition. Moreover, the exposure to C12 and C14 decreased cell viability to close to zero, while 40% of control cells remained alive after 24 h. Generally, tested SFAs inhibited methanogenesis, increased cell membrane permeability, and decreased survival of M. ruminantium in a dose- and time-dependent way. These results give new insights into how the methane suppressing effect of SFAs could be mediated in methanogens.
Relating genes to function: identifying enriched transcription factors using the ENCODE ChIP-Seq significance tool (2013)

Supplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online.
Sequential decoding with an efficient partial retransmission ARQ strategy (1991)

The authors present and analyze an efficient partial retransmission automatic repeat request (ARQ) strategy using convolutional coding and sequential decoding in conjunction with code combining. In the proposed ARQ scheme, whenever a packet of data needs to be retransmitted that packet is not repeated entirely as in the case of conventional full retransmission ARQ strategies. Instead, symbols of that packet are repeated a few at a time, sequentially, as needed, hence making a more effective use of the channel. It is shown that partial repetitions and code combining still yields an increase of the apparent Pareto exponent of sequential decoding, as in the case of full repetition-code combining. A throughput analysis shows that the partial retransmission ARQ strategy yields a substantial throughput improvement over the full retransmission-code combining ARQ strategies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Neural Networks approach to characterize material properties using the spherical indentation test (2011)

Determination of material characteristics using the instrumented indentation test has gained interests among many researchers. The output of a spherical indentation test is usually the load-penetration (P-h) curve. To achieve this goal, the elastic deformation of sphere must be eliminated from the penetration. To determine three parameters of the LUDWIG's equation which are σy, K and m, choice of a prompt numerical procedure is of essences. The purpose of the present work is to determination three parameters of the LUDWIG's equation using the spherical indentation test and Neural Networks. Therefore, a Neural Networks is trained following the spherical indentation test using two parameters that are obtained from the P-h curve. The output of the networks is the three parameters of the LUDWIG's equation. The results were then compared with the finite element predictions and verified using the experimental data. A good agreement was observed. Finally, the weights of Neural Networks layer were extracted for easy use of the above procedure.
[Rapid isolation of DNA from human peripheral blood]. (1992)

A simple method for isolating DNA from human peripheral blood was compared with the routine method which involves SDS-proteinase K digestion. Denaturation of cellular proteins and release of DNA were achieved by means of the addition of guanidium hydrochloride. The amounts of intact high molecular weight DNA and total yields were similar.
Drop policy to enhance TCP performance in OBS networks (2006)

In optical burst-switched (OBS) networks, the loss of burst containing a number of IP packets occurs mostly due to contention rather than congestion so that a TO (Time Out) event will trigger unnecessary TCP congestion control resulting in significant throughput degradation (X. Yu, et al., 2004). Therefore, in this letter, we propose a drop policy (DP) with burst retransmission where a new concept of retransmission-count for bursts is introduced to mitigate unnecessary TCP congestion control. The analytical and simulation results show that the TCP throughput is improved by our proposed DP with burst retransmission.
Review: computer vision applied to the inspection and quality control of fruits and vegetables (2013)

This is a review of the current existing literature concerning the inspection of fruits and vegetables with the application of computer vision, where the techniques most used to estimate various properties related to quality are analyzed. The objectives of the typical applications of such systems include the classification, quality estimation according to the internal and external characteristics, supervision of fruit processes during storage or the evaluation of experimental treatments. In general, computer vision systems do not only replace manual inspection, but can also improve their skills. In conclusion, computer vision systems are powerful tools for the automatic inspection of fruits and vegetables. In addition, the development of such systems adapted to the food industry is fundamental to achieve competitive advantages.
Neonatal Animal Models of Opiate Withdrawal (2006)

The symptoms of opiate withdrawal in infants are defined as neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). NAS is a significant cause of morbidity in term and preterm infants. Factors, such as polysubstance abuse, inadequate prenatal care, nutritional deprivation, and the biology of the developing central nervous system contribute to the challenge of evaluating and treating opiate-induced alterations in the newborn. Although research on the effects of opiates in neonatal animal models is limited, the data from adult animal models have greatly contributed to understanding and treating opiate tolerance, addiction, and withdrawal in adult humans. Yet the limited neonatal data that are available indicate that the mechanisms involved in these processes in the newborn differ from those in adult animals, and that neonatal models of opiate withdrawal are needed to understand and develop effective treatment regimens for NAS. In this review, the behavioral and neurochemical evidence from the literature is presented and suggests that mechanisms responsible for opiate tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal differ between adult and neonatal models. Also reviewed are studies that have used neonatal rodent models, the authors' preliminary data based on the use of neonatal rat and mouse models of opiate withdrawal, and other neonatal models that have been proposed for the study of neonatal opiate withdrawal.
Spin-Trapping Studies on the Reaction of Iron Complexes with Peroxides and the Effects of Water-Soluble Antioxidants (1991)

Abstract Using ESR spin-trapping techniques we measured the levels of free radical species generated from six different systems (hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase, iron(II)–hydrogen peroxide, iron(III)–hydrogen peroxide, iron(II)–t-butyl hydroperoxide, iron(III)–t-butyl hydroperoxide, and catalase (CAT)–t-butyl hydroperoxide). Six types of radicals (O2−·,·OH, ·H, ·CH3, (CH3)3CO·, and (CH3)3COO·) were detected as spin adducts of spin traps 5,5-dimethylpyrroline 1-oxide (DMPO) or 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzene sulfonate (DBNBS). Quantitative analysis of the levels of generated radicals by means of an ESR instrument also presents important information regarding the reduction of peroxides [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or t-butyl hydroperoxide (ROOH)] by iron(II) or iron(III) as well as catalase. In addition, the scavenging potencies of different water-soluble antioxidants such as l-ascorbic, d-isoascorbic, gallic, sorbic, and protocatechuic acids were evaluated in terms of their ability to reduce the peaks of spin adducts.
Análisis del Reglamento 1393/2007 sobre la notificación y traslado en los estados miembros de documentos judiciales y extrajudiciales en materia civil o mercantil (2009)

En el presente articulo se analiza el Reglamento 1393/07, que tiene como principal finalidad facilitar el traslado de documentos y escritos entre paises de la Union Europea. La Comision, mediante esta norma, pretende agilizar la cooperacion judicial civil entre los Estados Miembros, creando los instrumentos necesarios para facilitar y mejorar una practica cada vez mas habitual entre los estados de la Union: el envio y recepcion de documentos entre juzgados y tribunales comunitarios.
A Fast Superconducting Bolometer* (1946)

A superconducting bolometer has been developed for the fast detection of infra-red signals. It has a compound response in which the primary response time is about 5 × 10−4 sec. and the secondary response time about 5 × 10−2 sec. In the primary range a signal of 5 × 10−4μ watt is equivalent to the noise of the apparatus. The frequency at which the response is down 6 db from the primary maximum value is 3000 c.p.s. and from the secondary maximum value about 140 c.p.s. The bolometer consists of a ribbon of CbN, 200 × 10 × 0.25 mils, attached to the surface of a copper base-plate by means of a coating of Bakelite cement which covers the lower face of the ribbon and is about 0.1 mil thick. This unit is placed beneath a rocksalt window in the vacuum chamber of a cylindrical cryostat, 12″ long × 6″ diameter, which maintains operating temperature for about twelve hours when filled with 1000 cm3 each of liquid nitrogen, and liquid hydrogen kept at the triple point. For best operation this temperature must lie within a certain region of the super-conducting transition zone at about 15°K where dR/dT = 10 ohm deg.−1 and R = 0.2 ohm. The noise level varies with temperature in the transition zone and passes through several maxima and minima with variations in level of more than tenfold. Even at the minima it is at least ten times higher than in either the normal or superconducting states immediately above or below. For most sensitive operation, the temperature is kept constant at one of these minima by means of a precisely adjusted current which passes through a heating coil wound on the copper rod supporting the base plate. Radiation signals produce variations in resistance of the ribbon, observed by means of a bridge circuit, transformer, and amplifier.
Efficient Steiner Tree Construction Based on Spanning Graphs (2004)

The Steiner Minimal Tree (SMT) problem is a very important problem in very large scale integrated computer-aided design. Given n points on a plane, an SMT connects these points through some extra points (called Steiner points) to achieve a minimal total length. Even though there exist many heuristic algorithms for this problem, they have either poor performances or expensive running time. This paper records an implementation of an efficient SMT algorithm that has a worst case running time of O(nlogn) and a performance close to that of the Iterated 1-Steiner algorithm. The algorithm efficiently combines Borah et al.'s edge substitute concept with Zhou et al.'s spanning graph. Extensive experimental studies are conducted to compare it with other programs.
Immunolocalization of von Willebrand protein in Weibel-Palade bodies of human endothelial cells (1982)

Immunofluorescence staining of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells has shown the presence of von Willebrand protein in the perinuclear region, in small rodlike structures through the cytoplasm, and on filaments of the extracellular matrix. Nonendothelial cells showed no staining with anti-von Willebrand protein antiserum. At the light microscope level, immunoperoxidase treatment of endothelial cells revealed the same pattern and antibody specificity as the fluorescence staining. Thin sections of the peroxidase-stained cells showed decorated filaments close to the substratum and also specific deposits in the endoplasmic reticulum and Weibel-Palade bodies. Control antisera against other selected proteins in endothelial cells failed to stain the Weibel-Palade bodies. These data suggest that the Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells are storage and/or processing organelles for von Willebrand protein.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia (2000)

This review article summarizes comparator-controlled, short-term studies with currently available selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia. Fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline and citalopram have all been proven to be superior to pill-placebo in the treatment of panic disorder, agoraphobia and associated symptoms such as depression. Direct comparisons with other antidepressants, benzodiazepines, cognitive-behavioural therapies or combinations of SSRIs with psychotherapeutic interventions are scarce. The majority of studies have reported on fluvoxamine whereas, to date, sertraline and citalopram have been compared only with placebo. Meta-analyses have suggested that combining an antidepressant with exposure in vivo produces the greatest treatment gains. Since this procedure is already commonly used in everyday clinical practice, it is recommended that future research in the treatment of panic disorder be directed towards the investigation of a combination of SSRIs with exposure therapy.
Evaluating the Quality of Your ABAP with Code Inspector – Part 1 (2014)

ABAP is a powerful language for building sophisticated applications. But as any developer is understands, even the most carefully written and tested objects can wind up terminating with a runtime errors, producing unexpected messages, returning incorrect results, or causing application performance problems. As a result, SAP provides a comprehensive set of specialized tools for performing static code checks, coverage analysis, post-mortem analysis, runtime traces, and debugging as part of the standard delivery of SAP Web Application Server (Web AS).
Laminin blocks the assembly of wild-type Aβ and the Dutch variant peptide into Alzheimer's fibrils (1998)

Amyloid fibril formation is believed to be a nucleation-dependent polymerization process which may be influenced by various other factors with important consequences for the development, prevention or treatment of amyloidosis. We have previously shown that laminin inhibits A beta peptide fibril formation in vitro. Here we present a kinetic study that indicates laminin to be a potent anti-amyloidosis factor, as it not only inhibited A beta 1-40 fibril aggregation, but also inhibited the aggregation of the Dutch A beta 1-40 variant, a peptide with a higher capacity to aggregate than the wild-type A beta 1-40. The inhibitory effect of laminin on amyloid fibril formation was not overcome by the addition of pre-formed A beta fibrils, suggesting that laminin inhibits the fibril elongation process. At the present time, however, we cannot rule out the possibility that laminin also affects the initial nucleation process of A beta fibril formation. On other hand, laminin was not able to counteract the amyloid fibril formation promoted by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), another component of the amyloid deposits found in AD brains. The effect of laminin may be important as an inhibitor of A beta amyloidogenesis in vivo, specifically at the level of cerebral blood vessels.
Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells to mature functional Purkinje neurons (2015)

It remains a challenge to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic stem (ES) cells to Purkinje cells. In this study, we derived iPSCs from human fibroblasts and directed the specification of iPSCs first to Purkinje progenitors, by adding Fgf2 and insulin to the embryoid bodies (EBs) in a time-sensitive manner, which activates the endogenous production of Wnt1 and Fgf8 from EBs that further patterned the cells towards a midbrain-hindbrain-boundary tissue identity. Neph3-positive human Purkinje progenitors were sorted out by using flow cytometry and cultured either alone or with granule cell precursors, in a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional environment. However, Purkinje progenitors failed to mature further under above conditions. By co-culturing human Purkinje progenitors with rat cerebellar slices, we observed mature Purkinje-like cells with right morphology and marker expression patterns, which yet showed no appropriate membrane properties. Co-culture with human fetal cerebellar slices drove the progenitors to not only morphologically correct but also electrophysiologically functional Purkinje neurons. Neph3-posotive human cells could also survive transplantation into the cerebellum of newborn immunodeficient mice and differentiate to L7- and Calbindin-positive neurons. Obtaining mature human Purkinje cells in vitro has significant implications in studying the mechanisms of spinocerebellar ataxias and other cerebellar diseases.