gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Copolymer Architecture on Solution Behavior (1993)

Cloud-point data to 270 °C and 2,750 bar are presented for mixtures of light hydrocarbons with polyethylene, poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate), and poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) copolymers. Adding highly structured ethylene to the polymer backbone decreases the number of chain branches in the backbone, increases ΔHfusion, and increases the cloud-point pressures. Methyl acrylate added to the backbone decreases the crystallinity of the copolymer, but increases its polarity, thus shifting the cloud point curve to higher temperatures and pressures. Adding acrylic acid to the backbone changes the shape of the cloud point curve and shifts it to high temperatures where intramolecular hydrogen bonding is reduced. If a polar cosolvent is used the cloud point curve shifts to lower temperatures and pressures for mixtures with polar copolymers especially if the cosolvent hydrogen bonds to the copolymer. However, once all of the hydrogen bonding sites are occupied, further additions of cosolvent cause the copolymer to precipitate from solution.
Far-infrared spectral studies of phase changes in water ice induced by proton irradiation (1992)

Changes in the FIR spectrum of crystalline and amorphous water ice as a function of temperature are reported. The dramatic differences between the spectra of these ices in the FIR are used to examine the effect of proton irradiation on the stability of the crystalline and amorphous ice phases from 13 to 77 K. In particular, the spectra near 13 K show interconversion between the amorphous and crystalline ice phases beginning at doses near 2 eV/molecule and continuing cyclically with increased dose. The results are used to estimate the stability of irradiated ices in astronomical environments.
beta-Adrenergic growth regulation of human cancer cell lines derived from pancreatic ductal carcinomas (2001)

Exocrine ductal carcinoma of the pancreas has been associated with smoking, and the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) causes this cancer type in laboratory rodents. Current knowledge on the growth regulation of this malignancy is extremely limited. Recent studies have shown overexpression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-lipox) in exocrine pancreatic carcinomas, suggesting a potential role of the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade in the regulation of this cancer type. In support of this interpretation, our data show high basal levels of AA release in two human cell lines derived from exocrine ductal pancreatic carcinomas. Both cell lines expressed m-RNA for beta2-adrenergic receptors and beta1-adrenergic receptors. Radio-receptor assays showed that beta2-adrenergic receptors predominated over beta1-adrenergic receptors. beta2-Adrenergic antagonist ICI118,551 significantly reduced basal AA release and DNA synthesis when the cells were maintained in complete medium. DNA synthesis of the cell line (Panc-1) with an activating point mutation in codon 12 of the ki-ras gene was significantly stimulated by NNK when cells were maintained in complete medium and this response was inhibited by the beta-blocker ICI118,551, the COX-inhibitor aspirin, or the 5-lipox-inhibitor MK-886. The cell line without ras mutations (BXPC-3) did not show a significant response to NNK in complete medium. When the assays were conducted in serum-free medium, both cell lines demonstrated increased DNA synthesis in response to NNK, an effect inhibited by the beta2-blocker, aspirin, or MK-886. Panc-1 cells were more sensitive to the stimulating effects of NNK and less responsive to the inhibitors than BXPC-3 cells. Our findings are in accord with a recent report which has identified NNK as a beta-adrenergic agonist and suggest beta-adrenergic, AA-dependent regulatory pathways in pancreatic cancer as a novel target for cancer intervention strategies.
Enzymatic isolation of cells from bone: cytotoxic enzymes of bacterial collagenase (1981)

The enzymatic isolation of cells from fetal rat calvaria is most effectively achieved with crude Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. However, this bacterial collagenase damages the cells during the digestion of the tissue. We have used cell density, as measured by isopycnic centrifugation on polysucrose gradients, as an indicator of cell damage. There are at least two enzymes in crude bacterial collagenase capable of damaging the cells in this tissue. One of these is clostripain that has been well characterized. The other cytotoxic enzyme is uncharacterized, and its effects are not evident until the clostripain activity has been inhibited by alpha-tosyl-lysyl chloromethane. The apparent activity of this second enzyme can be inhibited by withholding magnesium from the digestion medium and by increasing the potassium concentration of the digestion medium.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Image Deconvolution (2014)

Many fundamental image-related problems involve deconvolution operators. Real blur degradation seldom complies with an ideal linear convolution model due to camera noise, saturation, image compression, to name a few. Instead of perfectly modeling outliers, which is rather challenging from a generative model perspective, we develop a deep convolutional neural network to capture the characteristics of degradation. We note directly applying existing deep neural networks does not produce reasonable results. Our solution is to establish the connection between traditional optimization-based schemes and a neural network architecture where a novel, separable structure is introduced as a reliable support for robust deconvolution against artifacts. Our network contains two submodules, both trained in a supervised manner with proper initialization. They yield decent performance on non-blind image deconvolution compared to previous generative-model based methods.
Remote Control and Automatic Focusing of Lenses<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J17824">*</xref>--> (1947)

A servo-type of mechanism has been devised which automatically will maintain a lens in focus under the guidance of any one of a number of distance-measuring devices, or which may be arranged to replace the Selsyn-type of remote control for focusing a lens. The mechanism requires no special cam or nonlinear element to fit a particular lens, but automatically solves the equation of any lens for which it may be adjusted at the moment. When replacing a Selsyn system this servomechanism has the advantage that it can never get out of step. The system is particularly applicable to motion picture camera lenses in follow-focus work.
L-Arginine, a precursor of EDRF in vitro, produces pulmonary vasodilation in lambs (1991)

There is increasing evidence that resting pulmonary vascular tone is mediated in part by the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF). Because L-arginine may be a precursor for EDRF synthesis, we studied the pulmonary vasodilating effects of L-arginine at rest and during pulmonary hypertension in 16 intact newborn lambs. At rest, the intravenous infusions of L-arginine (150 mg/kg) had no hemodynamic effects. However, during pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia or the infusion of U-46619 (a thromboxane A2 mimic), L-arginine decreased pulmonary arterial pressure by 22 and 27%, respectively (P less than 0.05). The decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure produced by L-arginine was blocked by methylene blue, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, and augmented by Zapranast, a guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor (-17.9 vs. -31.2%, P less than 0.05). In addition, L-arginine partially reversed the pulmonary hypertension induced by N omega-nitro-L-arginine, a competitive EDRF synthesis inhibitor, but D-arginine had no hemodynamic effects. This study suggests that L-arginine produces pulmonary vasodilation by increasing cGMP concentrations, supporting the in vitro hypothesis that L-arginine is a precursor for EDRF synthesis, whose availability may become rate limiting during pulmonary hypertension.
Darunavir: A second-generation protease inhibitor (2007)

Darunavir is a new HIV PI that retains virological activity in the presence of multiple protease mutations. As such, darunavir appears to be a useful component of optimized combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected patients previously treated with antiretrovirals.
Conflicting demands at mealtimes are unhelpful (2007)

I completely disagree with the claims by catering managers (analysis October 10). From recent media coverage, it appears nurses are the main reason for every single failing of the NHS. We are ‘too posh to wash’, and nutrition is ‘below us’.
A simple synthesis of cyclopentadienylindium(I) (1981)

Cyclopentadienylindium(I) can be prepared by the metathetical reaction of Li[C5H5] with a slurry of indium(I) chloride in diethyl ether. This method represents a significant improvement on previous syntheses.
Management of Cutaneous Human Papillomavirus Infection: Surgery (2014)

Surgical management is typically required when the clinician encounters an increased quantity of warts, large surface areas of affected, or when malignant transformation is suspected. Basic surgical techniques, such as cryosurgery, electrosurgery and surgical excision, are successful and relatively quick methods for removing warts and uncomplicated cutaneous malignancies. Mohs micrographic surgery is an amenable option when cutaneous malignancies are located in high-risk areas such as periocular or perinasal regions, lips, ears, digits and genitalia, tend to be larger in size, are recurrent, possess aggressive histological features, such as moderate-to-poor differentiation, or demonstrate perineural invasion. Situations involving a larger tumor burden, or requiring complicated surgical reconstruction in the operating room, may necessitate the assistance of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Herein, we describe treatment modalities employed in the surgical management of cutaneous human papillomavirus infection and include surgical teaching cases.
Cisplatin‐loaded Au–Au<sub>2</sub>S nanoparticles for potential cancer therapy: Cytotoxicity, <i>in vitro</i> carcinogenicity, and cellular uptake (2007)

Cisplatin is one of the most effective cytotoxic agents against cancers. Its usage, however, is limited because of severe resistance and systemic toxicity. A formulation of cisplatin-loaded Au-Au(2)S nanoparticles (NPs) with near-IR (NIR) sensitivity is reported to partly overcome this limitation in this paper. NIR sensitive Au-Au(2)S NPs were successfully synthesized by the reduction of tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl(4)) using sodium sulfide (Na(2)S), and cisplatin was loaded onto Au-Au(2)S NPs via a MUA (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid) layer. To further investigate the biological safety of cisplatin-loaded Au-Au(2)S NPs, three different cell lines were used to investigate the acute cytotoxicity and the long-term potential carcinogenicity in vitro. Cisplatin-loaded Au-Au(2)S NPs were also tested for limited hemocompatibility in vitro. Our in vitro short and long-term data provided preliminary evidence suggesting that cisplatin-loaded Au-Au(2)S NPs with NIR sensitivity are nontoxic below the maximum recommended dosage.
Lack of integration of smooth titanium surfaces: a working hypothesis based on strains generated in the surrounding bone (1999)

It has been observed that the polished neck of dental implants does not osseointegrate as do textured surfaces. Similar findings were reported in the orthopedic literature on artificial hip endoprostheses. In Dentistry, lack of osseointegration was attributed to increased pressure on the osseous bed during implant placement, establishment of a physiological "biologic width", stress shielding and lack of adequate biomechanical coupling between the load-bearing implant surface and the surrounding bone. Among the many variables that may affect osseointegration, this analysis proposes to include stress transfer as a significant one. Therefore the present report discusses the relationship between the stresses applied and bone homeostasis. Any viable osseous structure (including the tissue that surrounds the polished implant neck) is subjected to periodic phases of resorption and formation. Clinical and experimental data have shown the detrimental effects of lack of function in that bone mass decreases with time. Due to inadequate mechanical stimuli, bone that is resorbed during normal turnover is redeposited in lesser amounts than previously, a process observed clinically as resorption. The stress ranges which cause bone to resorb, maintain or increase its mass and the level that eventually causes bone to fracture have been delimited in the literature. Applying these values to the situation to dental implants, it follows that if it is to be stable, crestal bone must be subjected to suitable levels of mechanical stimulation. We suggest that smooth surfaces will not provide adequate biomechanical coupling with the bone surrounding the implant neck in that the stress range induced by a polished surface is limited. We propose that the surface texture of threaded, plasma-coated or sandblasted implants generates a heterogeneous stress field around an implant in function. By design, such a stress field includes force levels which are conducive to bone formation. Hence, during the formation phase of bone turnover, osteoblast lineages are much more likely to be stimulated by biomechanical signals of appropriate magnitude.
Improved critical-current-density uniformity by using anodization (2003)

We discuss an anodization technique for a Nb superconductive-electronics-fabrication process that results in an improvement in critical-current-density J/sub c/ uniformity across a 150-mm-diameter wafer. We outline the anodization process and describe the metrology techniques used to determine the NbO/sub x/ thickness grown. In the work described, we performed critical current I/sub c/ measurements on Josephson junctions distributed across a wafer. We then compared the J/sub c/ uniformity of pairs of wafers, fabricated together, differing only in the presence or absence of the anodization step. The cross-wafer standard deviation of J/sub c/ was typically /spl sim/5% for anodized wafers but >15% for unanodized wafers. This difference in J/sub c/ uniformity is suggestive of an in-process modification from an unknown cause that is blocked by the anodic oxide. It is interesting that small junctions do not see an improvement in I/sub c/ uniformity - apparently the anodization improves only the J/sub c/ uniformity and not the variation in junction size. Control of J/sub c/ is important for all applications of superconductive electronics including quantum computation and rapid single-flux quantum (RSFQ) circuitry.
High throughput evaluation of gamma-H2AX (2009)

The DNA double-strand break (DSB) is the primary lethal lesion after therapeutic radiation. Thus, the development of assays to detect and to quantitate these lesions could have broad preclinical and clinical impact. Phosphorylation of histone H2AX to form gamma-H2AX is a known marker for irradiation-induced DNA DSBs. However, the first generation assay involves the use of immunofluorescent staining of gamma-H2AX foci. This assay is time consuming, operator dependent and is not scalable for high throughput assay development. Thus, we sought to develop a new assay using a high throughput electrochemiluminescent platform from Mesoscale Discovery Systems to quantify gamma-H2AX levels. The results show that our assay utilizes significantly less time and labor, has greater intra-assay reproducibility and has a greater dynamic range of gamma-H2AX versus irradiation dose.
Recognition of Human Activities Using Continuous Autoencoders with Wearable Sensors (2016)

This paper provides an approach for recognizing human activities with wearable sensors. The continuous autoencoder (CAE) as a novel stochastic neural network model is proposed which improves the ability of model continuous data. CAE adds Gaussian random units into the improved sigmoid activation function to extract the features of nonlinear data. In order to shorten the training time, we propose a new fast stochastic gradient descent (FSGD) algorithm to update the gradients of CAE. The reconstruction of a swiss-roll dataset experiment demonstrates that the CAE can fit continuous data better than the basic autoencoder, and the training time can be reduced by an FSGD algorithm. In the experiment of human activities' recognition, time and frequency domain feature extract (TFFE) method is raised to extract features from the original sensors' data. Then, the principal component analysis (PCA) method is applied to feature reduction. It can be noticed that the dimension of each data segment is reduced from 5625 to 42. The feature vectors extracted from original signals are used for the input of deep belief network (DBN), which is composed of multiple CAEs. The training results show that the correct differentiation rate of 99.3% has been achieved. Some contrast experiments like different sensors combinations, sensor units at different positions, and training time with different epochs are designed to validate our approach.
Song of the Rain (1979)

Rain, rain on me Rain of black cloud Sunday Rain of summer’s jasmine flower Winter’s rain of a chaliced white shroud Rain of blue-black brain Reticent rain of an autumn warming... Song of the Rain (written in the Indian way) by Gregg Williams Engl 3 Rain, rain on me Rain of black cloud Sunday Rain of summer's jasmine flower Winter's rain of a chaliced white shroud Rain of blue-black brain Reticent rain of an autumn warming Rain of jasmine flowered birth Rain of warmly carmined earth Rain of darkly water death Rain of sun burnt dampened dust Autumn rain of my son coughing for twelve days raining Bloody rain of a carmine cough Darkly water rain of twelfth day dying Black water rain of deathly remain Rain of rain, rain on me.
A SIMPLE PROCESSING SEQUENCE FOR SELECTIVE EMITTERS (1997)

A novel method to form selective emitters in only one diffusion step without etching or masking steps has been recently introduced. A phosphorus containing doping source is applied selectively to the front side of a p-type crystalline Si substrate in form of a paste and subsequently dried. The print is performed with advanced screen printing equipment that allows very precise positioning. In only one diffusion step deeply diffused regions from under the printed doping source. At the same time the adjacent regions become weaker doped by P atoms diffusing indirectly from the printed source through the gas ambient into those regions that were not covered by the P paste. Advantages of such a processing sequence over typical industrial processes will be addressed. Results from an ongoing optimization of such a sequence will be given and interpreted.
High temperature ductility and corrosion resistance property of novel tin-bearing economic 17Cr–<i>x</i>Sn ferritic stainless steel (2014)

A new family of resource-saving ferritic stainless steels, with the composition of 17Cr–xSn (x = 0.1–0.4 wt-%) have been developed by examining the effect of Sn on high temperature ductility, the corrosion resistance properties and the passivation film structure. The results show that tin-bearing stainless steel obtains superb plasticity and there is no evidence of tin-containing precipitation in the fracture facets. High temperature brittleness at about 900°C is caused by the carbide or nitride precipitation along the grain boundary or inside. The precipitation in the grain boundary hinders the free movement of dislocation, thus increasing the strength and decreasing the toughness of steel. The polarisation curves and weight loss measurement indicate that the corrosion resistance of stainless steel is improved by adding small amount of Sn. The existence of Sn in passivation film suppresses the anodic dissolution of steels during long exposure to the aggressive solution, and the dense rust layer is thick enough to protect the steel and strongly inhabit the ingress of the solution.
Diversification in the genetic architecture of gene expression and transcriptional networks in organ differentiation of <i>Populus</i> (2010)

A fundamental goal of systems biology is to identify genetic elements that contribute to complex phenotypes and to understand how they interact in networks predictive of system response to genetic variation. Few studies in plants have developed such networks, and none have examined their conservation among functionally specialized organs. Here we used genetical genomics in an interspecific hybrid population of the model hardwood plant Populus to uncover transcriptional networks in xylem, leaves, and roots. Pleiotropic eQTL hotspots were detected and used to construct coexpression networks a posteriori, for which regulators were predicted based on cis-acting expression regulation. Networks were shown to be enriched for groups of genes that function in biologically coherent processes and for cis-acting promoter motifs with known roles in regulating common groups of genes. When contrasted among xylem, leaves, and roots, transcriptional networks were frequently conserved in composition, but almost invariably regulated by different loci. Similarly, the genetic architecture of gene expression regulation is highly diversified among plant organs, with less than one-third of genes with eQTL detected in two organs being regulated by the same locus. However, colocalization in eQTL position increases to 50% when they are detected in all three organs, suggesting conservation in the genetic regulation is a function of ubiquitous expression. Genes conserved in their genetic regulation among all organs are primarily cis regulated (approximately 92%), whereas genes with eQTL in only one organ are largely trans regulated. Trans-acting regulation may therefore be the primary driver of differentiation in function between plant organs.
Website optimization (2008)

Remember when an optimized website was one that merely didn't take all day to appear? Times have changed. Today, website optimization can spell the difference between enterprise success and failure, and it takes a lot more know-how to achieve success. This book is a comprehensive guide to the tips, techniques, secrets, standards, and methods of website optimization. From increasing site traffic to maximizing leads, from revving up responsiveness to increasing navigability, from prospect retention to closing more sales, the world of 21st century website optimization is explored, exemplified a
Multiple relationship based deduplication (2010)

Deduplication refers to the task of finding instances that refer to the same entity in a given table. Several techniques have been presented based on a pairwise comparison and a typical result is the definition of three sets of records i) pairwise records that definitively match, ii) pairwise records that definitively do not match, and iii) pairwise records that possibly match. In this paper we present a general approach for domain independent duplicate problems by means of the knowledge stored in the schema where the analyzed table is included. According to the different kinds of relationships, we propose strategies to build and compare the knowledge networks by means of graph-based similarity. Final similarity decision given different relationship categories is carried out by exploiting two probabilistic logic models.