gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Murine Embryonic Stem Cells Secrete Cytokines/Growth Modulators That Enhance Cell Survival/Anti-Apoptosis and Stimulate Colony Formation of Murine Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells (2005)

Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1/CXCL12, released by murine embryonic stem (ES) cells, enhances survival, chemotaxis, and hematopoietic differentiation of murine ES cells. Conditioned medium (CM) from murine ES cells growing in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was generated while the ES cells were in an undifferentiated Oct-4 expressing state. ES cell-CM enhanced survival of normal murine bone marrow myeloid progenitors (CFU-GM) subjected to delayed growth factor addition in vitro and decreased apoptosis of murine bone marrow c-kit(+)lin- cells. ES CM contained interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-10, IL-11, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (CSF), oncostatin M, stem cell factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as a number of chemokines and other proteins, some of which are known to enhance survival/anti-apoptosis of progenitors. Irradiation of ES cells enhanced release of some proteins and decreased release of others. IL-6, FGF-9, and TNF-alpha, not detected prior to irradiation was found after ES cells were irradiated. ES cell CM also stimulated CFU-GM colony formation. Thus, undifferentiated murine ES cells growing in the presence of LIF produce/release a number of biologically active interleukins, CSFs, chemokines, and other growth modulatory proteins, results which may be of physiological and/or practical significance.
Dispersion of metal-insulator-metal plasmon polaritons probed by cathodoluminescence imaging spectroscopy (2009)

Cathodoluminescence imaging spectroscopy is used to excite and characterize the resonant modes of Fabry-Perot resonators for surface plasmon polaritons confined in a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) geometry. The smallest MIM plasmon wavelength derived from the observed mode pattern is found to be 160 nm in cavities with a 10 nm ${\text{SiO}}_{2}$ layer for a free-space wavelength of 645 nm. The measured wavelength agrees well with values from analytical dispersion relation calculations. Calculations of the excitation probability show that the resonant excitation of MIM plasmons depends strongly on the electron energy due to phase retardation effects resulting from the finite electron velocity.
Progesterone Receptors in Normal Mammary Glands of Mice: Characterization and Relationship to Development* (1979)

Although progesterone receptors have been characterized in a number of target tissues for progesterone, including some mammary tumors, relatively little is known about these receptors in normal mammary tissues. In the present study using R5020 (17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-4,9-pregnadiene-3,20-dione), a synthetic progestin, we have identified and characterized the cytoplasmic progesterone receptors in normal mammary glands of mice. The receptor had a high binding affinity (Kd = 2.8 × 10-9 M) for R5020 and was specific for progestins. The levels of receptor varied at different stages of mammary gland development; the levels were inversely proportional to the secretory activity of the gland. This negative corelation between receptors and secretion was further observed in studies in which lactational involution was induced experimentally. We propose that the functional significance of the modulation of progesterone receptors in normal mammary glands may be related to the known different effects of progesterone in this tissue.
Human interstitial retinoid binding protein. A potent uveitopathogenic agent for the induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis. (1989)

Human interstitial retinoid binding protein (HIRBP) is a 136,000 m.w. photoreceptor cell protein which transports retinoids between the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The amino acid sequence of HIRBP suggests that the molecule consists of four continuous homology domains which arose by several gene duplications some 600 to 800 million years ago. When injected into susceptible animal species, including primates, it induces an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), a predominantly T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the retina and uveal tract of the eye, and the pineal gland. In order to further refine specific sites in HIRBP responsible for its uveitopathogenicity, we synthesized 120 overlapping peptide corresponding to its entire 1262 amino acid sequence, and tested each peptide for its ability to induce an EAU in Lewis rats. Five peptides with extensive amino acid sequence homology, designated HIRBP 715, HIRBP greater than 730 and HIRBP 745, HIRBP 778, and HIRBP 808 were uveitopathogenic when used at a 50 micrograms immunizing dose. The most potent peptide for the induction of EAU was HIRBP 715 (amino acid positions 521 to 540). In dose response studies as little as 0.1 microgram/animal was capable of inducing an inflammatory response. In addition, peptide HIRBP 946 which corresponds to the mid portion of peptide HIRBP 715 and contains only eight amino acids (RTATAAEE) was uveitopathogenic under our experimental conditions. Our study identifies multiple uveitopathogenic sites in HIRBP and further defines the amino acids necessary for the induction of EAU in one of these sites.
A new scheme for bidirectional WDM-PON using upstream and downstream channels generated by optical carrier suppression and separation technique (2005)

We propose a new bidirectional dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM)-based passive optical network using optical carrier suppression and separation technique to generate both upstream and downstream wavelength channels from a single laser. Thirty-two DWDM channels have been generated, and symmetric 10-Gb/s data transmission of a wavelength pair has been demonstrated.
Immobilized phage proteins for specific detection of staphylococci (2013)

Rapid, specific detection of pathogenic bacteria remains a major challenge in infectious disease diagnostics. Bacteriophages can show genus- or even species-level specificity and have been developed for biosensing purposes, but the possibility of using individual phage proteins for detection has not been fully explored. This work exploits the ability of specific phage proteins, the endolysins LysK and Φ11, and the bacteriocin lysostaphin, fixed on silicon wafers to bind staphylococci. The proteins show activity against eight tested clinical isolates of S. aureus and to S. epidermidis, but no binding to Escherichia coli and limited binding to Micrococcus. Binding was quantified by clearing assays in solution and by functionalization of silicon wafers followed by light microscopy. Bacterial binding densities on functionalized surfaces were ~3 cells/100 μm(2). The small size of the proteins makes the system robust and easy to handle, and the principle is generalizable to many different biosensor platforms, including label-free systems such as optical microresonators.
Audio adaptation according to usage environment and perceptual quality metrics (2005)

Future audio applications will need to handle a wide variety of end-devices and networks from low quality mobile services to very high quality home entertainment services. The MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation standard specifies a variety of tools that aim to enhance the user experience and maximize the perceived quality of service. This paper focuses on the audio-related tools, including audio usage environment descriptions and techniques for audio resource adaptation. Additionally, subjective and objective measures are discussed in the context of bit-rate adaptation. New quality measures, brightness, cleanness, and wideness are proposed for controlling the quality of the audio transmission.
Effect of tool eccentricity on some electrical well-logging tools (1990)

An algorithm is presented to compute efficiently the propagation of nonaxially symmetric waves induced by realistic eccentered sources with a mandrel in a multicylindrically layered geometry. One of the applications of such a program is in electrical well logging, where all exploration tools operate in a borehole drilled into the ground for geophysical subsurface sensing. The borehole surrounded by an invasion zone can be modeled as a multicylindrically layered geometry. The authors also present an algorithm to study the effect of eccentricity (source and mandrel not in the center of the borehole) in the presence of concentric invasion zones around the borehole. The authors' algorithm is used to study the eccentricity and invasion effects on an induction measurement and a dielectric logging measurement. In the case of dielectric logging, they find that the invasion zone can cause resonance effects, and that these effects remain when the tool is eccentered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Local IgE Production in Nasal Allergy (1997)

IgE mediates allergic reactions by binding to the high-affinity receptor, Fc epsilonR1, on mast cells and basophils at mucosal surfaces; then cross-linking of the receptor by multivalent antigen triggers the allergic response. We demonstrate here that B cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with hay fever express IgE. The results also suggest that allergen-induced heavy-chain switching to IgE occurs locally within the nasal mucosa. Local IgE synthesis may explain why some 'atopic' patients develop rhinitis whereas others have either no clinical manifestations or develop atopic disease elsewhere.
Thermal Stability of Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>and Li<sub>2</sub>O for Li-Air Batteries: In Situ XRD and XPS Studies (2013)

Understanding the thermal stability of major reaction products, Li2O2 (space group P63/mmc) and Li2O (space group ) is critical to improve the safety characteristics of Li-air batteries. The changes in the crystal structure and surface chemistry of Li2O2 and Li2O were examined as a function of temperature via in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Significant decreases in the lattice parameters and the c/a ratio of Li2O2 were found at 280°C and higher. These structural changes can be attributed to the transformation of Li2O2 to Li2O2-δ, which is supported by density functional theory calculations. Upon further heating to 700°C, a lithium-deficient Li2-δO phase appeared at 300°C and gradually became stoichiometric upon further heating to ∼550°C. XPS measurements of Li2O2 revealed that Li2O appeared on the surface starting at 250°C, which is in agreement with the onset temperature of phase transformation as detected by XRD. In addition, the growth of Li2CO3 on the surface was found at 250°C, which can be attributed to chemical reactions between Li2O2/Li2O and carbon-containing species (e.g. hydrocarbons) present in the XPS chamber. This finding highlights the challenges of developing stable carbon-based oxygen electrode for Li-air batteries.
7T Transmit/Receive Arrays Using ICE Decoupling for Human Head MR Imaging (2014)

In designing large-sized volume type phased array coils for human head imaging at ultrahigh fields, e.g., 7T, minimizing electromagnetic coupling among array elements is technically challenging. A new decoupling method based on induced current compensation or elimination (ICE) for a microstrip line planar array has recently been proposed. In this study, an eight-channel transmit/receive volume array with ICE-decoupled loop elements was built and investigated to demonstrate its feasibility and robustness for human head imaging at 7T. Isolation between adjacent loop elements was better than - 25 dB with a human head load. The worst-case of the isolation between all of the elements was about - 17.5 dB. All of the MRI experiments were performed on a 7T whole-body human MR scanner. Images of the phantom and human head were acquired and g-factor maps were measured and calculated to evaluate the performance of the coil array. Compared with the conventional capacitively decoupled array, the ICE-decoupled array demonstrated improved parallel imaging ability and had a higher SNR. The experimental results indicate that the transceiver array design with ICE decoupling technique might be a promising solution to designing high performance transmit/receive coil arrays for human head imaging at ultrahigh fields.
FCC Unit Reactor-Regenerator Control (1992)

By virtue of its complex process dynamics and because of the conflict between its operating constraints and its economic objectives, the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit offers a unique challenge to control engineers. This communication shows how these two issues were addressed in a multivariable control strategy which was implemented with the IDCOM-M controller on the FCC unit in a European refinery.
Membrane models for skin penetration studies (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMembrane models for skin penetration studiesJoy Houk and Richard H. GuyCite this: Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 3, 455–472Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00085a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00085a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views855Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Repression of osteocyte Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an early event in the progression of renal osteodystrophy (2012)

Chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is defined by abnormalities in mineral and hormone metabolism, bone histomorphometric changes, and/or the presence of soft-tissue calcification. Emerging evidence suggests that features of CKD-MBD may occur early in disease progression and are associated with changes in osteocyte function. To identify early changes in bone, we utilized the jck mouse, a genetic model of polycystic kidney disease that exhibits progressive renal disease. At 6 weeks of age, jck mice have normal renal function and no evidence of bone disease but exhibit continual decline in renal function and death by 20 weeks of age, when approximately 40% to 60% of them have vascular calcification. Temporal changes in serum parameters were identified in jck relative to wild-type mice from 6 through 18 weeks of age and were subsequently shown to largely mirror serum changes commonly associated with clinical CKD-MBD. Bone histomorphometry revealed progressive changes associated with increased osteoclast activity and elevated bone formation relative to wild-type mice. To capture the early molecular and cellular events in the progression of CKD-MBD we examined cell-specific pathways associated with bone remodeling at the protein and/or gene expression level. Importantly, a steady increase in the number of cells expressing phosphor-Ser33/37-β-catenin was observed both in mouse and human bones. Overall repression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling within osteocytes occurred in conjunction with increased expression of Wnt antagonists (SOST and sFRP4) and genes associated with osteoclast activity, including receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). The resulting increase in the RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio correlated with increased osteoclast activity. In late-stage disease, an apparent repression of genes associated with osteoblast function was observed. These data confirm that jck mice develop progressive biochemical changes in CKD-MBD and suggest that repression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of renal osteodystrophy.
Sterilization of Foodstuffs Using Radio Frequency Heating (2003)

ABSTRACT: A study was conducted with a pilot‐scale sterilization system based on 27‐MHz radio frequency (RF) energy to investigate the effectiveness in shortening process time and in improving quality for foods sealed in 6‐pound military‐ration polymeric trays. Chemical marker M‐1 was used to evaluate heating uniformity in 20% whey protein gels as a model food, and macaroni and cheese was processed to assess the influence of RF process on product quality. With the RF system, a lethality ( F 0 = 10 min) was achieved in both model food and macaroni and cheese within 30 min with relative uniform heating, compared to a 90 min conventional retort process that delivered a similar lethality.
Effects of increased plasma viscosity and red blood cell aggregation on blood viscosity in vivo (1981)

The effects of increased plasma viscosity and induced red blood cell (RBC) aggregation on apparent viscosity of blood in vivo in the skeletal muscle of the dog were studied. Apparent viscosity in vivo was determined in the isolated and vasodilated calf muscles of one hindlimb by comparing pressure-flow relationships for RBC suspensions with pressure-flow relationships for a Newtonian solution of known viscosity. RBC suspensions of increased plasma viscosity with and without RBC aggregation were obtained by substituting plasma with isoviscous solutions of high- and low-molecular-weight dextran in saline. Hematocrits of the suspensions were adjusted to either 45 or 60%. The viscosities of the suspensions in vitro were determined in a Wells-Brookfield viscometer. Apparent viscosity of blood in vivo was found to be mainly dependent on the viscosity of plasma. RBC aggregation had no significant influence on the viscosity in vivo.
Improving energy efficiency of hopping locomotion by using a variable stiffness actuator (2015)

In recent years, the development of legged locomotion robots that can achieve both efficiency and versatility has been one of the most important challenges in robotics research. In general, fully actuated systems that can achieve many variations of behaviors show comparatively low energy efficiency, while it is extremely difficult to enrich the behavioral diversity of passivity-based systems that exhibit efficient behaviors. In order to overcome the tradeoff, there has been an increasing interest in the development of actuation technologies, such as variable stiffness actuators (VSAs) that can autonomously adjust mechanical dynamics. However, although many VSAs have been proposed and developed in the past, researchers are yet to clarify how such actuators can improve both energy efficiency and behavioral diversity. From this perspective, the goal of this paper is to investigate a one-legged hopping robot that is equipped with a class of VSA with the intention of explaining how behavioral diversity can be enhanced with modest impact in the energy efficiency. Through a systematic analysis including both simulation and a real-world robot platform, this paper investigates how the natural dynamics of hopping robots can be varied by the actuator resulting in variations in stride frequencies and locomotion speed while maximizing energy efficiency.
Phenomenological analysis of the reaction p + p → π<sup>+</sup> + d (1969)

A simple Regge pole model is shown not to be adequate to explain the data in the region of incident-proton energy > 7 GeV. It is shown that the data can be explained if the process is dominated by a Regge cut.
Appendix C: Blockchain Technology (2018)

Driven by digital trend explosions, today businesses are under tremendous pressure from new technologies and competition and are constantly looking for new ways to increase their revenue.The existing value chain is in the verge of collapsing in favour of effective ways to store, exchange and track assets in a secure, efficient and trusted manner in the digital multi-vendor ecosystem.This is the reason why blockchain has gained momentum in the enterprise world.With cloud computing and the Internet, people are able to have global access to computer applications from a variety of devices.Even though cloud computing architecture is decentralised in terms of hardware, it has given an application level centralisation.Currently we are seeing a transition from centralised computing, storage and processing to decentralised architecture and distributed ledger technology is one of the key innovations making this shift possible.Blockchain has the power to drive digital transformation across industries. C.2 Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)A distributed ledger is a type of secure data structure which resides across multiple computer devices, spread across locations or regions with no centralised controller.This is a new way of keeping track of who owns financial, physical or electronic assets.DLT includes a number of innovations such as database entries that cannot be reversed, automated data synchronisation, privacy and security and transparency.While distributed ledgers existed prior to Bitcoin, the Bitcoin blockchain marks the convergence of a host of technologies, including timestamping of transactions, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks, cryptography, and shared computational power, along with a new consensus algorithm.
Final technical report (1994)

The overall goal of the contract is to provide general support and advice to the DOE, Office of Fossil Energy (DOE/EF) on the opportunities for coal and Clean Coal Technology trade in the Asia-Pacific region. The report which follows is divided into six subsections, each pertaining to separate subtasks the U.S. Department of Energy requested. Subtask A includes two reports, one which outlines important coal and clean coal technology news events which occurred during the second half of 1993, and another which outlines the potential for Clean Coal Technology in the Asia-Pacific Region. Subtask B and the first paper in Subtask C contain advisories and briefing papers that present and explain the coal, electricity and Clean Coal Technology situation in China. The second paper in Subtask C is an overview of the coal supply, demand and trade situation in the Asian region with coal projections to the year 2010. Subtask D is an overview of meetings with Asian energy and policy representatives which were carried out to (1) gather key information relevant to this contract, and (2) examine areas for closer cooperation on important coal/CCT-related energy issues. The tasks listed in the contract proposal as Subtasks E and F are summarized in respective sections of this report. Subtask E specifies the activities carried out under the APEC Experts` Group on Clean Coal Technologies, and Subtask F explains the work done by the Coal Project in building contacts and working relationships with key energy and technology planners in China (including The State Science and Technology Commission, the Ministry of Electric Power and Tsinghua University, and the State Planning Commission). The Subtask E section also includes activities to develop and strengthen the role of the APEC Experts Group on Clean Coal Activities.