gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in nuclear composition following cyclic compression of the intervertebral disc in an in vivo rat-tail model (2004)

While in vitro studies have shown that mechanical loading can result in changes in the composition of intervertebral disc matrix, the effects of cyclic loading in vivo have not been considered. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of static and cyclic compression of different frequencies on the nuclear composition of the intervertebral disc. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (no pin insertion, no loading), a sham group (pins inserted in sixth and seventh caudal vertebrae, no loading), a static loading group (compression applied via pins) and cyclic loading groups (loading at 0.5, 1.5 or 2.5 Hz). Loading was applied for 1 h each day from the third to 17th day following pin insertion, and the caudal 5-6, 6-7 and 7-8 discs harvested to quantify proteoglycan content, collagen content and chondrocyte density in the nucleus pulposus. Static compression resulted in a significant reduction in total proteoglycan content as compared with the adjacent control disc, but this effect was not seen in any of the cyclic loading groups. However, comparison with the sham group appears to indicate an overall decrease in total proteoglycan content at the targeted and adjacent levels following cyclic loading. The 0.5 Hz loading group showed a significantly greater total proteoglycan content than all other compression groups, and also showed a lower total collagen content than the sham group. Results suggest that frequency dependent changes in composition occur in response to cyclic loading, but are not limited to the directly loaded disc alone. Further studies are required to verify this, but the choice of control appears to need careful consideration in all studies of this nature.
Biocompatibility of various dental materials: pulp healing with a surface seal. (1996)

Class V cavities with mechanical exposures were prepared in 178 teeth of seven monkeys to observe the temporal healing of exposed pulps in direct contact with various dental materials, with or without a biologic seal of zinc-oxide eugenol cement against microleakage. Thirty pulps were direct capped as calcium hydroxide controls. The remaining 148 exposures were direct capped, 41 with silicate, 39 with zinc phosphate, 33 with amalgam, and 35 with an auto-cured composite. Sixty-four were restored to their cavosurface margin with their respective material and 84 were sealed to the covosurface margin with zinc-oxide eugenol cement. Tissues were obtained by perfusion fixation at intervals of 35, 21, 14, 10, 5, and 3 days, and then processed and evaluated. The results of this study demonstrated that exposed dental pulps possess an inherent healing capacity, allowing cell reorganization and dentin bridge formation when adequately sealed with zinc-oxide eugenol cement to prevent bacterial microleakage.
Interdigital Microstrip Circuit Parameters Using Empirical Formulas and Simplified Model (2005)

Empirical formulas are given for single and coupled microstrips, directly giving propagation mode admittances and phase velocities to be used in simplified expressions for the admittance parameters for the 2N-port network N coupled strips form, thus forming the basis for fast, practical and accurate methods for both analysis and synthesis of interdigital microstrip circuits. Calculated and measured results are presented for two interdigital bandpass filters, synthesized as Chebyshev filters.
Using Exome Sequencing to Reveal Mutations in TREM2 Presenting as a Frontotemporal Dementia–like Syndrome Without Bone Involvement (2013)

Our results show that TREM2 is responsible for an unexpectedly high number of dementia cases in our cohort, suggesting that this gene should be taken into account when mutations in other dementia genes are excluded. Even for complex syndromes such as dementia, exome sequencing has proven to be a rapid and cost-effective tool to identify genetic mutations, allowing for the association of clinical phenotypes with unexpected molecular underpinnings.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy of Explosive 2,4-Dinitroanisole using Modified Silver Nanoparticles (2011)

2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is being used as a replacement for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) as a less-sensitive melt-cast medium explosive than TNT. In this paper, we studied the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) analysis of DNAN using Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) modified by L-cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride. Due to the formation of a Meisenheimer complex between DNAN and the modifier, the modified AgNPs can detect 20 μg/L (0.2 ng) and 0.1 mg/L (1 ng) DNAN in deionized water and aged tap water, respectively. Three other chemicals (L-cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and L-cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride) were used as AgNPs modifiers to study the mechanism of the SERS of DNAN. It was confirmed that the amino group of L-cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride was the active group and that the methyl ester group significantly contributed to the high SERS sensitivity of DNAN. In order to further test the mechanism of Meisenheimer complex formation, the effect of anions and cations present in natural water on the SERS of DNAN was studied. It was found that CO(3)(2-), Cl(-), and K(+) at 100 mg/L did not negatively affect the SERS of 10 mg/L DNAN, while SO(4)(2-), Na(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+) at 100 mg/L significantly quenched the SERS of 10 mg/L DNAN. The negative effect of the bivalent cations could be offset by SO(4)(2-).
Ascorbate Attenuates Atrial Pacing-Induced Peroxynitrite Formation and Electrical Remodeling and Decreases the Incidence of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation (2001)

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common chronic arrhythmia, increases the risk of stroke and is an independent predictor of mortality. Available pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy. Once initiated, AF tends to self-perpetuate, owing in part to electrophysiological remodeling in the atria; however, the fundamental mechanisms underlying this process are still unclear. We have recently demonstrated that chronic human AF is associated with increased atrial oxidative stress and peroxynitrite formation; we have now tested the hypothesis that these events participate in both pacing-induced atrial electrophysiological remodeling and in the occurrence of AF following cardiac surgery. In chronically instrumented dogs, we found that rapid (400 min(-1)) atrial pacing was associated with attenuation of the atrial effective refractory period (ERP). Treatment with ascorbate, an antioxidant and peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, did not directly modify the ERP, but attenuated the pacing-induced atrial ERP shortening following 24 to 48 hours of pacing. Biochemical studies revealed that pacing was associated with decreased tissue ascorbate levels and increased protein nitration (a biomarker of peroxynitrite formation). Oral ascorbate supplementation attenuated both of these changes. To evaluate the clinical significance of these observations, supplemental ascorbate was given to 43 patients before, and for 5 days following, cardiac bypass graft surgery. Patients receiving ascorbate had a 16.3% incidence of postoperative AF, compared with 34.9% in control subjects. In combination, these studies suggest that oxidative stress underlies early atrial electrophysiological remodeling and offer novel insight into the etiology and potential treatment of an enigmatic and difficult to control arrhythmia. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
Coexistence of spin ordering on ladders and spin dimer formation in a new-structure-type compound Sr2Co3S2O3 (2017)

We report on the syntheses and characterizations of single crystalline and polycrystalline Sr<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with a novel crystal structure type. It contains Co-O 2-leg rectangular ladders and necklace ladders. The two ladders share common legs and construct a hybrid spin ladder. A rare meridional heteroleptic octahedral coordination is found for the Co<sup>2+</sup> ions in the 2-leg ladder. Within the necklace ladders, the Co<sup>2+</sup> ions are in trans-octahedral coordination. An antiferromagnetic order is observed at T<sub>N</sub> ~ 267 K, while a broad maximum in magnetic susceptibility is found below T<sub>N</sub>. This relatively high ordering temperature among Co-based ladder compounds is related to the highly anisotropic mer-coordination of the Co<sup>2+</sup> ions. The trans-octahedrally coordinated Co<sup>2+</sup> ions, on the other hand, corresponds to the possible short-range magnetic correlations through dimers with an effective . This results in a rare situation that spin ordering and spin dimers coexist down to 2 K.
Direct transfer of wafer-scale graphene films (2017)

Flexible electronics serve as the ubiquitous platform for the next-generation life science, environmental monitoring, display, and energy conversion applications. Outstanding multifunctional mechanical, thermal, electrical, and chemical properties of graphene combined with transparency and flexibility solidifies it as ideal for these applications. Although chemical vapor deposition (CVD) enables cost-effective fabrication of high-quality large-area graphene films, one critical bottleneck is an efficient and reproducible transfer of graphene to flexible substrates. We explore and describe a direct transfer method of 6-inch monolayer CVD graphene onto transparent and flexible substrate based on direct vapor phase deposition of conformal parylene on as-grown graphene/copper (Cu) film. The method is straightforward, scalable, cost-effective and reproducible. The transferred film showed high uniformity, lack of mechanical defects and sheet resistance for doped graphene as low as 18 Ω/sq and 96.5% transparency at 550 nm while withstanding high strain. To underline that the introduced technique is capable of delivering graphene films for next-generation flexible applications we demonstrate a wearable capacitive controller, a heater, and a self-powered triboelectric sensor.
Biomimetic robotic propulsion using polymeric artificial muscles (2002)

Biomimetic fish-like propulsion using polyelectrolyte ion-exchange membrane metal composites as a propulsion fin for a robotic swimming structure, such as a boat swimming in water medium, was investigated. The membrane was chemically plated with platinum. The resulting membrane was cut in a strip to resemble fish-like caudal fin for propulsion. A small function generator circuit was designed and built to produce approximately /spl plusmn/2.0 V amplitude signal at desired frequency up to 50 Hz. The circuit board was mounted on a buoyant Styrofoam shaped like a boat or a tadpole. The fin was attached to the rear of the boat. By setting the signal frequency to the desired value and thereby setting the frequency of bending oscillation of the membrane, a proportional forward propulsion speed could be obtained. The speed was then measured using a high speed camera. Several theoretical hydrodynamic models were then presented to characterize speed-frequency of the forward motion using available theories on biological fish motion. The results were compared to experimental data which showed close agreement.
THE ROLE OF TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR (CD71) IN PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY OF ACTIVATED AND MALIGNANT LYMPHOCYTES USING THE HEME PRECURSOR δ‐AMINOLEVULINIC ACID (ALA) (1995)

Endogenously generated protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) from exogenous ALA can be an effective photosensitizer. PpIX accumulation is inversely dependent on available intracellular iron, which is required for the conversion of PpIX to heme. Iron also is necessary for cell replication. Since iron can be toxic, intracellular iron levels are tightly controlled. Activated and proliferating cells respond to the demand for intracellular iron by upregulating membrane expression of the transferrin receptor (CD71) which is needed for iron uptake. We predicted that activated lymphocytes (CD71+) would preferentially accumulate PpIX because of their lower intracellular iron levels and because of competition for iron between ALA-induced heme production and cellular growth processes. Thus, the CD71+ cells could serve as PDT targets. Stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with the mitogens, phytohemagglutinin A, concanavalin A and pokeweed prior to incubation with ALA results in PpIX accumulation correlating with level of activation. Activated lymphocytes expressing high levels of surface CD71 transferrin receptors generated more PpIX than those with low CD71 expression. Incubating activated cells in transferrin depleted medium (thereby decreasing the iron availability) further increased PpIX levels. Malignant, CD71+ T lymphocytes from a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL)/Sezary syndrome also accumulated increased PpIX levels in comparison to normal lymphocytes. PDT of activated lymphocytes and Sezary cells after ALA incubation demonstrated preferential killing compared to normal, unstimulated PBL. These findings suggest a possible mechanism for the selectivity of ALA PDT for activated CD71+ cells. They also indicate a clinical use for ALA-PDT in therapy directed towards the malignant lymphocytes in leukemias and lymphomas, and as animmunomodulatory agent.
A cryptanalytic time-memory trade-off (1980)

A probabilistic method is presented which cryptanalyzes any <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> key cryptosystem in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N^{2/3}</tex> operational with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N^{2/3}</tex> words of memory (average values) after a precomputation which requires <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> operations. If the precomputation can be performed in a reasonable time period (e.g, several years), the additional computation required to recover each key compares very favorably with the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> operations required by an exhaustive search and the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> words of memory required by table lookup. When applied to the Data Encryption Standard (DES) used in block mode, it indicates that solutions should cost between <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1 and</tex> 100 each. The method works in a chosen plaintext attack and, if cipher block chaining is not used, can also be used in a ciphertext-only attack.
A New Method for Continual Forecasting of Interwell Connectivity in Waterfloods Using an Extended Kalman Filter (2009)

Abstract This paper is based on a relatively simple parametric model that characterizes the system function between a specific producer and each of its contributing injectors. The model has only two parameters for each producer-injector pair; so, if N injectors are assumed to contribute to a producer, there will be 2N unknown parameters. An adaptive strategy, using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), is used to estimate the 2N parameters, which are then used to generate N numeric Injector-Producer-Relationship (IPR) values for the N producer-injector pairs. The IPR values allow one to assess how well an injector influences the producer. This same model and an EKF were first used in Liu, et al [5]. The modified EKF used in this paper avoids problems that can arise when processing real data and provides additional information that is useful for future research. Our modified EKF is applied to real data from a section of an oil field. A validation strategy for the estimated IPR values is developed in terms of "prediction errors." A strategy is also presented for choosing an optimal set of injectors that affect a producer. Finally, a simple method is presented for converting producer-centric IPR values to injector-centric IPR values so that reservoir engineers can easily see which producers are being affected by a specific injector.
Structure and regulation of rat long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. (1990)

Complementary DNAs encoding rat long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase have been isolated. The cDNAs were identified using synthetic oligonucleotide probes based on partial amino acid sequences of lysyl endopeptidase peptides of the purified enzyme. Rat long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase is predicted to contain 699 amino acid residues and to have a calculated molecular weight of 78,177. Significant sequence similarity was found between parts of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase and firefly luciferase. Based on the similarity of the reaction mechanisms of the two enzymes, we propose a function for the similar region. The long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase mRNA is expressed in liver, heart, and epididymal adipose tissues and, to a much lesser extent, in brain, small intestine, and lung. The level of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase mRNA is increased 7-8-fold in rat liver by feeding a diet high in carbohydrate or fat, consistent with the physiological significance of the enzyme in fatty acid metabolism.
3-Chlorophthalic anhydride through chlorination of phthalic anhydride (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Chlorophthalic anhydride through chlorination of phthalic anhydrideArnold Zweig and Martin EpsteinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 19, 3690–3692Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00413a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00413a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views476Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A diagnostic test pattern generation algorithm (1990)

The authors present a novel ATPG (automatic test pattern generation) algorithm, based on PODEM, that makes diagnostic test pattern generation feasible for medium-sized combinational circuits described at the gate level with the single-stuck-at-fault assumption. The input to the ATPG is a couple of faults, and either the output is a test pattern that distinguishes them or they are tagged as indistinguishable. The need to consider the fault-free circuit and the two faulty circuits at the same time required the extension of the algebra to encompass two additional values, Delta and delta . A Delta appears on the nodes of the circuit whenever a difference between the two faulty circuits exists. The presence of a delta marks the locations where a difference might exist if the X values on one or both faulty circuits were suitably set. The algorithm excites and propagates Delta s onto the primary outputs and is thus called the Delta -algorithm. Preliminary results on a set of benchmark circuits are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of Parametric Map from Raw Ultrasound B-Scan Data (2009)

There are presented results of ultrasound radio-frequency signal sampling and processing to synthesize B-scan maps and evaluate two-dimensional visualization of ultrasound signal parameters. Our source of signal was ultrasound echoscope Mentor AdventTM A/B with mechanical scanning transducer of 11 MHz. Radio-frequency signal was digitized with digitizer Picoscope 5203. Amplitude and frequency based parameters were used for mapping B-scan ultrasound images. Standard phantom with axial resolution targets was used for the evaluation of mapping performance. We conclude that the signal processing and image transformation implemented in Matlab programs provide adequate two-dimensional mapping of B-scans. The usage of mean instantaneous bandwidth of radio frequency echoscopic signals enables to improve lateral resolution. Ill. 6, bibl. 11 (in English; summaries in English, Russian and Lithuanian).
<title>Trapping microscopic particles with singular beams</title> (1998)

It has been shown previously that it is possible to two- dimensionally trap a microscopic absorbing particle against a substrate using a focused doughnut beam. Beam angular momentum associated with the phase singularity is transferred to the particle, causing it to rotate. A detailed consideration of the optical forces acting on a particle shows the importance of wavefront curvature for stable trapping and lead to a quantitative description of the motion of the particle in single and multiple beam traps.
Subnuclear localization and antitransforming activity of N-myc:beta-galactosidase fusion proteins. (1988)

N-myc expression is under stage- and tissue-specific regulation in mammalian development, but its function is totally unknown. We sought agents to block N-myc activity in order to infer from the effect the possible function of N-myc in the apparently complex processes. As candidates for such agents, we tested fusion genes encoding N-myc:beta-galactosidase fusion proteins for their effects on the formation of transformed foci of rat embryo primary fibroblasts as the result of transfection with N-myc and activated H-ras. One of the gene constructs very efficiently antagonized N-myc activity, as assessed by its effect on focus formation, but did not appreciably affect cell viability. The product of this gene was not only targeted to the nucleus but also accumulated in subnuclear loci which may represent the sites where normal N-myc proteins reside. The occurrence of antagonistic effect at a low stoichiometric ratio suggested that the fusion protein gene competed with the N-myc gene in a fashion analogous to a dominant negative mutation.
Outbreak of systemic Candida albicans in intensive care unit caused by cross infection. (1985)

The first documented outbreak of systemic candidosis shown to be due to cross infection with a particular strain of Candida albicans is reported. Over nine months in an intensive care unit 13 patients developed definite and one probable systemic candidosis. Twenty five further patients had superficial candidal infections. The strain that caused the outbreak (serotype A, morphotype A1, biotype 0/(1)5 5/7) was responsible for all the cases of systemic candidosis acquired in the intensive care unit, 11 (44%) of the superficial candidal infections in the unit, and 17% of candidal infections outside the unit but in the same hospital. The strain was also isolated from oral swabs taken from four nurses working in the unit and the hands of one of these nurses. Two out of 17 nurses were shown to have acquired the strain on their hands when examined immediately after nursing systemically infected patients. No environmental source could be identified. The strain also showed enhanced survival in handwashing experiments and was relatively resistant to Hibiscrub. Management of patients with systemic candidosis might include measures to prevent cross infection and handwashing with disinfectants that are active against candida.