gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of an Extracellular Laccase by a Schizophyllum commune Dikaryon (1986)

SUMMARY: A dikaryon of the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune growing in surface culture at 30 °C in the dark produced extracellular laccase (EC 1.10.3.2). Little extracellular laccase was formed in the light or at 24 °C. The co-isogenic monokaryons from which the dikaryon was generated generally failed to produce laccase. The activity in the medium of the dikaryon accumulated until the glucose was consumed and then declined steadily. At its peak level of activity the enzyme accounted for about 3% of the extracellular protein. The enzyme was purified by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. Substrate specificity and inhibitor studies showed the enzyme to be a typical fungal laccase. Electrophoresis of a purified enzyme preparation showed one major band accounting for 98% of the laccase proteins, and two minor bands with laccase activity. The major laccase protein was used to raise specific antibodies. After denaturation of the major laccase two immuno-reactive protein forms of M r 64 x 103 and 62 x 103 were produced, the former being convertible into the latter form. The intracellular extract contained one immuno-reactive protein of M r 72 x 103. The presence of laccase protein in the medium of various cultures was detected using Western blots. Accumulation of extracellular laccase protein only occurred in the dikaryon at 30 °C in the dark while the subsequent decrease in activity was not accompanied by a decrease in laccase protein.
Oblique Membrane Insertion of Viral Fusion Peptide Probed by Neutron Diffraction (2000)

Fusion peptides mimic the membrane fusion activities of the larger viral proteins from which they derive their sequences. A possible mode of activity involves their oblique insertion into lipid bilayers, causing membrane disruption by promoting highly curved hemifusion intermediates, leading to fusion. We have determined the location and orientation of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) fusion peptide in planar lipid bilayers using neutron lamellar diffraction. The helical axis of the peptide adopts an angle of 55 degrees relative to the membrane normal, while it positions itself nearest the lipid bilayer surface. This is the first direct observation of the structural interaction between a fusion peptide and a phospholipid bilayer.
Atom-photon entanglement generation and distribution (2004)

We extend an earlier model by Law and Kimble [J. Mod. Opt.44, 2067 (1997)] for a cavity QED based single-photon-gun to atom-photon entanglement generation and distribution. We illuminate the importance of a small critical atom number on the fidelity of the proposed operation in the strong-coupling limit. Our result points to a promisingly high purity and efficiency using currently available cavity QED parameters, and sheds new light on constructing quantum computing and communication devices with trapped atoms, and high-$Q$ optical cavities.
A 1.5-V high-Q CMOS active inductor for IF/RF wireless applications (2002)

In this paper, a new circuit configuration of VHF CMOS transistor-only active inductor which allows very high frequency operation under low power supply voltages (<2 V) is proposed. Gain enhancement techniques are applied to reduce the inductor losses achieving high-Q and wide operating bandwidth. HSPICE simulations using process parameters from a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology show that the proposed floating active inductor operates under a single 1.5-V power supply voltage, exhibiting a self-resonant frequency of 2.5 GHz and a quality factor greater than 120 (phase errors <0.50) over the operating frequencies extending from 500 MHz to 1 GHz.
Sauerstoff‐Verzehrkathoden für die Chloralkali‐Elektrolyse (1980)

Abstract Oxygen‐consuming cathodes for alkali chloride electrolysis. Considerable energy saving can be accomplished in alkali chloride electrolysis if an oxygen‐consuming cathode is used in place of one liberating hydrogen. An overall cell potential saving of ca. 1 V is possible. In particular, diaphragm cells are suitable for air cathodes owing to the high purity of the catholyte. A possible altenative to the use of an in‐situ air cathode is the use of hydrogen/air fuel cells, such as the phosphoric acid system of United Technologies, for electrochemical utilization of the hydrogen. The operating temperature is then 200 °C at most. The waste heat can be utilized for evaporation of, e.g., diaphragm cell caustic soda; this acid system also requires no prior air purification. However, the gain in energy is only two thirds of that accomplished with an in‐situ cathode. At present, great effort is being invested in the development of favourably‐priced air cathodes with long lifetimes in concentrated caustic soda; apart from platinum, numerous transition metal complexes are being tested for this purpose.
What Every Cardiologist Should Know about H1N1? (2010)

The world is witnessing ever fastest growing pandemic with high morbidity and mortality that excessive volume of airline travels spread influenza infection; so physicians with various specialties should know and consider the impact of current pandemic on their daily practice. Among influenza A viruses that infect humans, an influenza A virus emerged that had shifted to H1N1. Primarily, the results of pandemic of H1N1 were in younger humans without preexisting immunity. Attack rates of swine influenza are relatively high, but mortality is relatively low and mortality rate is highest in the very young, the very old, and the immunosuppressed. In this new pandemic, there is not more evidence of the interface of H1N1 with chronic diseases; however, we expect that the Swine flu such as the previous influenza pandemics can change the course of many chronic diseases.In this review, we want to show the impacts of swine flu on cardiovascular system and disease. We will also discuss the importance of vaccination in chronic cardiovascular disease.
Highly efficient single-longitudinal-mode operation of antireflection-coated 1.3 μm DFB-DC-PBH LD (1984)

Lasing characteristics for a 1.3 μm InGaAsP/InP distributed-feedback double-channel planar buried-heterostructure laser diode (DFB-DC-PBH LD) have been remarkably improved by antireflection (AR) coating applied on the front facet. CW single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) operation power as high as 55 mW, and differential quantum efficiency as high as 36%, have been obtained from the coated front facet. CW SLM operation has been achieved up to 105°C.
Least expected cost query optimization (2002)

A standard assumption in the database query optimization literature is that it suffices to optimize for the "typical" case---that is, the case in which various parameters (e.g., the amount of available memory, the selectivities of predicates, etc.) take on their "typical" values. It was claimed in [CHS99] that we could do better by choosing plans based on their expected cost. Here we investigate this issue more thoroughly. We show that in many circumstances of interest, a "typical" value of the parameter often does give acceptable answers, provided that it is chosen carefully and we are interested only in minimizing expected running time. However, by minimizing the expected running time, we are effectively assuming that if plan p1 runs three times as long as plan p2, then p1 is exactly three times as bad as p2. An assumption like this is not always appropriate. We show that focusing on least expected cost can lead to significant improvement for a number of cost functions of interest.
Effect of second and third generation oral contraceptives on lipid metabolism in the absence or presence of the factor V Leiden mutation (2001)

It appears that desogestrel counteracts the effects of oestrogens to a lesser extent than levonorgestrel. Desogestrel-containing oral contraceptives have therefore a more favourable influence on cholesterol metabolism in comparison with levonorgestrel-containing oral contraceptives.
Sixteenth Century Ireland, 1485-1603 (1968)

During the past generation substantial changes in perspective have taken place with regard to the sixteenth century in Irish history. European and British studies on this period have done much to confirm the continuance of essentially medieval society well into what it had become customary to regard as the modern period, while the clarification of successive stages of growth and change in the early modern period has also enabled Ireland in the later sixteenth century to be seen rather more clearly in its European context. Intimations of this change may be seen in the treatment of Ireland in this period in J. C. Beckett’s A short history of Ireland (1952 and subsequent editions), and more specifically in the most recent composite book on Ireland, The course of Irish history , edited by T. W. Moody and F. X. Martin (1967), where the contributions by Art Cosgrove on ‘ The Gaelic resurgence and the Geraldine supremacy, c. 1400–1534 ’ and by G. A. Hayes-McCoy on ‘ The Tudor conquest, 1534–1603 ’, bring out very well the place of sixteenthcentury Ireland in the general sequence of its past. At the same time, it is clear that although the main contributions of this generation to the detailed understanding of sixteenth-century Ireland have added much that is new in information and interpretation they have yet not quite reached a position where a complete new synthesis of the period has seemed possible, however necessary it may be. There is no doubt that the understanding of the growing group of Irish historians interested in this period has been steadily expanding, that this understanding increasingly informs their specialist articles, and that it also finds its ripest expression at the level of synthesis rather in their university lectures than in print.
Experiments on axisymmetrically pulsed turbulent jet flames (1990)

An experimental study of the effects of strong axisymmetric pulsing on a free, vertical turbulent jet diffusion flame is presented. The jet flame was pulsed over the frequency range of 2-1300 Hz with amplitudes ranging from 0.13-0.89 of the centerline jet velocity. Conditionally averaged centerline velocity measurements and flame photographs were obtained to characterize the pulsed jet flames. The centerline evolution of the pulse waveforms was examined and found to be dependent on the pulse frequency; the centerline decay of the pulse amplitude increased with increasing pulse frequency. The visual dimensions of the pulsed flame were also frequency dependent. Significant changes in the local flame structure were observed, which exhibited a constant local nondimensional frequency of about 0.2, consistent with a preferred-mode coupling between the pulsing and the jet flame structure. Several features of the results also suggest a coupling between the forcing and low frequency structure in the outer preheat layer surrounding the jet flame.
Rapid and Complete Conversion of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> for Perovskite/C<sub>60</sub> Planar‐Heterojunction Solar Cells by Two‐Step Deposition (2017)

In the present work, we proposed an improved two‐step deposition method by optimizing the reaction temperature and the dipping time for the fabrication of perovskite films. The perovskite film fabricated at 70 C exhibits a full surface coverage and a smooth uniform crystal morphology with a particle size up to micrometer scale. The corresponding inverted perovskite solar cell with a structure of ITO/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene‐sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /C 60 /2,9‐dimethyl‐4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (BCP)/Ag displayed a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.6% than that of the device fabricated at 20 C (8.06%), as well as the high reproducibility. The small but meaningful modification for two‐step deposition would provide an efficient and convenient way to optimize planar perovskite solar cells and facilitate the potential applications of perovskite solar cells more widely.
Structure-activity relationships for reactivators of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: quaternary salts of 2[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazoles (1984)

A series of 1,3-disubstituted-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazolium halides were prepared and evaluated in vitro with respect to their ability to reactivate acetylcholinesterase inhibited by ethyl p-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (EPMP) and 3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GD). The compounds conform to the general formula N(CH3)C(CHNOH)N(CH2OR)CHCH+ X Cl-, where R = CH3, (CH2)3CH3, (CH2)7CH3, CH2C6H5, CH2C10H7, (CH2)3C6H5, CH(CH3)2, CH2C(CH3)3, and CH(CH3)C(CH3)3. For comparison we also evaluated three known pyridinium reactivators, 2-PAM, HI-6, and toxogonin. The imidazolium aldoximes exhibit oxime acid dissociation constants (pKa) in the range 7.9-8.1, bracketing the value of 8.0, believed to be optimal for acetylcholinesterase reactivation. With imidazolium compound in excess over inhibited enzyme, the kinetics of reactivation are well behaved for EPMP-inhibited AChE and depend on the nature of the alkyl ether group R. For GD-inhibited AChE, maximal reactivation was used to compare compounds because rapid phosphonyl enzyme dealkylation and enzyme reinhibition complicate interpretation of kinetic constants.
Dumb and Dumber--The Potential Waste of a Useful Antistaphylococcal Agent: Emerging Fusidic Acid Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (2006)

Fusidic acid has activity against a range of pathogens but has mainly been used to treat staphylococcal infections. Fusidic acid monotherapy, especially topical preparations, has been strongly associated with the emergence of fusidic acid resistance among both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. Key resistance determinants include mutations in the fusA gene, which encodes elongation factor G, and plasmid-mediated resistance (i.e., acquisition of resistance gene fusB). Clonal outbreaks of fusidic acid-resistant S. aureus have been noted throughout the United Kingdom and Europe, such that the efficacy of fusidic acid is threatened. Fusidic acid in combination with other agents, such as rifampicin, has proven effective for difficult-to-treat MRSA infections and provides a convenient oral alternative to oxazolidinones. Ensuring that systemic fusidic acid is always used in combination and that the use of topical fusidic acid is either abolished or restricted will be vital if we are to prevent the loss of this potentially useful agent.
Death and Resurrection of the Human IRGM Gene (2009)

Immunity-related GTPases (IRG) play an important role in defense against intracellular pathogens. One member of this gene family in humans, IRGM, has been recently implicated as a risk factor for Crohn's disease. We analyzed the detailed structure of this gene family among primates and showed that most of the IRG gene cluster was deleted early in primate evolution, after the divergence of the anthropoids from prosimians ( about 50 million years ago). Comparative sequence analysis of New World and Old World monkey species shows that the single-copy IRGM gene became pseudogenized as a result of an Alu retrotransposition event in the anthropoid common ancestor that disrupted the open reading frame (ORF). We find that the ORF was reestablished as a part of a polymorphic stop codon in the common ancestor of humans and great apes. Expression analysis suggests that this change occurred in conjunction with the insertion of an endogenous retrovirus, which altered the transcription initiation, splicing, and expression profile of IRGM. These data argue that the gene became pseudogenized and was then resurrected through a series of complex structural events and suggest remarkable functional plasticity where alleles experience diverse evolutionary pressures over time. Such dynamism in structure and evolution may be critical for a gene family locked in an arms race with an ever-changing repertoire of intracellular parasites.
Retinoic Acid-dependent Transforming Growth Factor-β2-mediated Induction of MUC4 Mucin Expression in Human Pancreatic Tumor Cells Follows Retinoic Acid Receptor-α Signaling Pathway (2000)

The MUC4 mucin is considered as the homologue of rat sialomucin complex (SMC, rat Muc4) due to its similar structural organization. Like SMC, MUC4 may also exist as two subunits: a mucin type unit known as MUC4alpha and a growth factor-like transmembrane subunit, MUC4beta. The expression of MUC4 in normal human pancreas is not detectable, but it is highly expressed in pancreatic tumor cells. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of MUC4 expression in human pancreatic tumor cells CD18/HPAF, exhibiting a high level of MUC4 transcripts and protein. When these cells were adapted to grow in the serum-free medium (CD18/HPAF-SF), the MUC4 expression was undetectable. Among several serum constituents, all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) induced the expression of MUC4 transcripts in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The RA-mediated increase in the level of the MUC4 transcript coincided with an increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2) transcript. The antagonist of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-alpha (Ro41-5253) abrogated the expression of MUC4 and TGF-beta2 induced by RA. The exogenous addition of TGF-beta2 also increased the MUC4 expression. The TGF-beta-neutralizing antibody blocked the RA-induced as well as TGF-beta2-mediated MUC4 expression. In conclusion, induction of MUC4 expression in pancreatic carcinoma by RA is mediated through the RAR-alpha signaling pathway, and TGF-beta2 may serve as an interim mediator of this regulated expression.
Perfectly Matched Layers for Time-Harmonic Acoustics in the Presence of a Uniform Flow (2006)

This paper is devoted to the resolution of the time-harmonic linearized Galbrun equation, which models, via a mixed Lagrangian--Eulerian representation, the propagation of acoustic and hydrodynamic perturbations in a given flow of a compressible fluid. We consider here the case of a uniform subsonic flow in an infinite, two-dimensional duct. Using a limiting absorption process, we characterize the outgoing solution radiated by a compactly supported source. Then we propose a Fredholm formulation with perfectly matched absorbing layers for approximating this outgoing solution. The convergence of the approximated solution to the exact one is proved, and error estimates with respect to the parameters of the absorbing layers are derived. Several significant numerical examples are included.
Investigations of Micas Using Advanced Transmission Electron Microscopy (2002)

Research Article| January 01, 2002 Investigations of Micas Using Advanced Transmission Electron Microscopy Toshihiro Kogure Toshihiro Kogure Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan, kogure@min.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Toshihiro Kogure Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan, kogure@min.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 © The Mineralogical Society Of America Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2002) 46 (1): 281–312. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2002.46.05 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Toshihiro Kogure; Investigations of Micas Using Advanced Transmission Electron Microscopy. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2002;; 46 (1): 281–312. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2002.46.05 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyReviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Search Advanced Search After a long history of development and improvement, recent transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) with various analytical functions have become important in material science and engineering. These functions include not only obtaining magnified images of specimens, but also electron-diffraction patterns, chemical analyses, and chemical-state analyses with spacial resolution far greater than other methodologies. It is impossible to cover all of these functions considering page limitations and, more importantly, considering the author's knowledge and ability even for topics limited to studies of mica. This chapter focuses on the investigations of mica using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). HRTEM is generally defined as... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Linear phase decimation and interpolation filters for high-speed applications (1988)

A novel hardware realisation for linear phase decimation and interpolation FIR filters, exploiting the symmetry of the coefficients to reduce the number of multipliers, will be described. Combining the multiplications, leads to contra-dataflow or folded filter structures in which simple pipelining is limited, because of the opposite directions of the data flows. It will be shown that these structures can be transformed into new filter structures, which allow conventional pipelining to relax the timing demands for high-speed applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Enolate Reactions of Bicyclo(4.2.0)octan‐7‐ones. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
THERMAL EFFECTS AND TRANSVERSE MODE CONTROL IN A Nd:YAG LASER (1968)

By compensating for the thermal lens effect in a Nd:YAG rod, we have substantially increased the fundamental transverse mode CW power available from the laser. To date, we have obtained over 1.4 W in the TEM00 mode, compared to about 200–300 mW without compensation. The ratio of TEM00 mode power to multimode power is dependent on the pump power, and appears to be related to thermal lens aberrations which occur through the photoelastic effect in the rod. The results of an analysis of the thermal focusing effect in YAG are also included.
Sterilization with gaseous ethylene oxide: A review of chemical and physical factors (1968)

Abstract Although the basic parameters for ethylene oxide sterilization are established, it is sometimes difficult to attain in practice where the principal limiting factor is moisture availability. There are situations which can limit or enhance the dynamics of sterilization. Such factors, if overlooked, could upset experiments and lead to erroneous conclusions, or defeat the sterilization process entirety. Such are, namely: stratification effects, diffusion barriers, moisture‐reducing effects, polymerization, and temperature distribution gradients.