gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison on the Horizontal Behaviors of Lattice-Shaped Diaphragm Wall and Pile Group under Static and Seismic Loads (2016)

Lattice-shaped diaphragm wall (hereafter referring to LSDW) is a new type of bridge foundation, and the relevant investigation on its horizontal behaviors is scant. This paper is devoted to the numerical study of the comparison on the static and seismic responses of LSDW and pile group under similar material quantity in soft soil. It can be found that the horizontal bearing capacity of LSDW is considerably larger than that of pile group, and the deformation pattern of LSDW basically appears to be an overall toppling while pile group clearly shows a local bending deformation pattern during the static loading process. The acceleration response and the acceleration amplification effects of LSDW are slightly greater than that of pile group due to the existing of soil core and the difference on the ability of energy dissipation. The horizontal displacement response of pile group is close to that of LSDW at first and becomes stronger than that of LSDW due to the generation of plastic soil deformation near the pile-soil interface at last. The pile body may be broken in larger potential than LSDW especially when its horizontal displacement is notable. Compared with pile group, LSDW can be a good option for being served as a lateral bearing or an earthquake-proof foundation in soft soil.
A point mutation in the HIV-1 Tat responsive element is associated with postintegration latency. (1996)

Study of the mechanism of HIV-1 postintegration latency in the ACH2 cell line demonstrates that these cells failed to increase HIV-1 production following treatment with exogenous Tat. Reasoning that the defect in ACH2 cells involves the Tat response, we analyzed the sequence of tat cDNA and Tat responsive element (TAR) from the virus integrated in ACH2. Tat cDNA sequence is closely related to that of HIV LAI, and the encoded protein is fully functional in terms of long terminal repeat (LTR) transactivation. Cloning of a region corresponding to the 5'-LTR from ACH2, however, identified a point mutation (C37 -> T) in TAR. This mutation impaired Tat responsiveness of the LTR in transient transfection assays, and the measured defect was complemented in cells that had been treated with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate or tumor necrosis factor type alpha (TNF-alpha). A compensatory mutation in TAR (G28 -> A), designed to reestablish base pairing in the TAR hairpin, restored wild-type Tat responsiveness. When the (C37 -> T) mutation was introduced in an infectious clone of HIV-1, no viral production was measured in the absence of TNF-alpha, whereas full complementation was observed when the infection was conducted in the presence of TNF-alpha or when a compensatory mutation (G28 -> A) was introduced into TAR. These experiments identify a novel mutation associated with HIV-1 latency and suggest that alterations in the Tat-TAR axis can be a crucial determinant of the latent phenotype in infected individuals.
Merging data converters and DSPs for mixed-signal processors (1990)

The use of sigma-delta conversion to produce high resolution without using analog components such as the precise resistors in an A/D (analog/digital) or a D/A (digital/analog) converter is reported. The use of sigma-delta technology solved the problem arising from the noise levels injected into the silicon substrate during digital switching (which limited the integration of both analog and digital circuitry on one VLSI chip) and allowed the implementation of the ADSP-21MSP50, the first mixed-signal processor. The basic elements of the converter are described, and its advantages and drawbacks as well as the implications for expanded DSP applications are examined. Included in the discussion are sampling and quantization noise, modulator design, frequency-domain analysis of the modulator, the use of digital filtering to minimize shaped-quantization noise, and the higher level of integration possible with this approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An introduction to mathematical reasoning: numbers, sets and functions (1998)

The purpose of this book is to introduce the basic ideas of mathematical proof to students embarking on university mathematics. The emphasis is on helping the reader in understanding and constructing proofs and writing clear mathematics. This is achieved by exploring set theory, combinatorics and number theory, topics which include many fundamental ideas which are part of the tool kit of any mathematician. This material illustrates how familiar ideas can be formulated rigorously, provides examples demonstrating a wide range of basic methods of proof, and includes some of the classic proofs. The book presents mathematics as a continually developing subject. Material meeting the needs of readers from a wide range of backgrounds is included. Over 250 problems include questions to interest and challenge the most able student as well as plenty of routine exercises to help familiarize the reader with the basic ideas.
Pharmacokinetics of a fluorescent drug using laser-induced fluorescence. (1993)

Laser-induced fluorescence has been used to measure tissue levels of chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine in vivo in an implanted hamster cheek pouch carcinoma tumor model. The drug was excited at 610 nm via a pulsed nitrogen laser-pumped dye laser, and fluorescence intensity was monitored at 684 nm for up to 30 days after drug administration. Data were acquired noninvasively with high temporal and spatial resolution using the laser-induced fluorescence apparatus and were analyzed with a multicompartment pharmacokinetic model. In addition, our published data on a C6-BAG glioma rat brain tumor model were analyzed to illustrate the effect of different tumor models on the rates. The rates extracted from the pharmacokinetic model elucidate the mechanisms of drug uptake and retention in the cheek pouch and brain tumor models. The laser-induced fluorescence approach should lead to better drug dosimetry for photochemotherapy and allow quick characterization of the pharmacokinetics of new photosensitizers in tissue.
Network-MIMO cellular systems: Large-system analysis and low-overhead downlink scheduling (2011)

We consider the downlink of a multi-cell system with multi-antenna base stations and single-antenna user terminals, base station cooperation clusters, distance-dependent propagation pathloss, and general “fairness” requirements, obtained through a suitable downlink scheduling algorithm. We determine large-system expressions for the optimization of zero-forcing beamforming with joint processing from clusters of cooperating base stations. We characterize the system performance including the overhead due to training-based channel estimation, and we illuminate the tradeoff between the benefit of a larger number of cooperating antennas and the cost of estimating higher-dimensional channel vectors.
Associations of Gene Sequence Variation and Serum Levels of C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 with Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia (2011)

Inflammatory mechanisms have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. We therefore sought to study DNA sequence variation and serum levels of the potent inflammatory mediators Interleukin-6 (IL6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in relation to AD and dementia. Tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) were chosen to capture most variation in and around CRP and IL6 in 3937 elderly Swedish men and women (1,265 AD cases). A sub-set of the population (n = 723) with serum measurements of CRP and IL6 was included in 1) a nested case-control study of incident dementia cases, and 2) a case-control study of prevalent dementia cases. None of the SNPs or haplotypes was significantly associated with AD or dementia after correcting for multiple testing nor were elevated baseline levels of hsCRP or IL6 (measured on average 4.3 years before dementia onset) significantly associated with risk of future AD or dementia. However, prevalent AD cases had higher levels of IL6 (measured on average 5.5 years after dementia onset) than age- and gender-matched controls, OR 2.24 (95% CI 1.27-3.95), p-value 0.006. In summary, this data suggests that AD patients have an altered immune profile with higher circulating levels of IL6 than age- and gender-matched controls. However, neither variation in the CRP and IL6 genes nor circulating levels of their respective protein products were associated with an increased risk of developing late-life dementias.
Application of the two-dimensional Fourier transform to nonlinear wave propagation phenomena (1994)

A new technique based on the two-dimensional Fourier transform is presented and applied to the study of nonlinear wave propagation phenomena in one-dimensional, finite, nonlinear transmission lines. The technique permits determining the effects of nonlinearities and boundary conditions on the Fourier transform and identifying incident and reflected waves and solitons which may propagate through the transmission line at constant speed. The effects of windows on the Fourier transform are also assessed in both linear and nonlinear transmission line models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Power management using game state detection on android smartphones (2013)

Compute intensive games currently represent the class of most popular and at the same time most power consuming applications on mobile phones. To reduce the power consumption of games we have developed a game state specific power management technique. Games typically consist of several states such as the game loading, main menu, in-game menu and gaming state. Each of these states has its specific processing requirements, e.g., the game loading state is likely to be memory bound and menu scenes are less interactive than gaming states and hence do not require high frame rates to satisfy the user's perception. Our game state specific governor (i) recognizes these game states by intercepting and analyzing calls made by the game application to the graphics library, and (ii) exploits these state-specific characteristics to enable power management strategies targeted to these individual states at runtime. Thereby, we achieve significant power savings of up to 50.8% compared to Android's default interactive governor.
Ultra-low stress coating process: an enabling technology for extreme performance thin film interference filters (2002)

We present a record-breaking performance of an ultra-low stress 8-skip-0 100GHz thin film filter enabled by a new coating process. The coating has 17 cavities, over 400 quarter-wave layers, and a physical thickness of 94 micrometers.
Constructing test suites for interaction testing (2003)

Software system faults are often caused by unexpected interactions among components. Yet the size of a test suite required to test all possible combinations of interactions can be prohibitive in even a moderately sized project. Instead, we may use pairwise or t-way testing to provide a guarantee that all pairs or t-way combinations of components are tested together This concept draws on methods used in statistical testing for manufacturing and has been extended to software system testing. A covering array, CA(N; t, k, v), is an N/spl times/k array on v symbols such that every N x t sub-array contains all ordered subsets from v symbols of size t at least once. The properties of these objects, however do not necessarily satisfy real software testing needs. Instead we examine a less studied object, the mixed level covering array and propose a new object, the variable strength covering array, which provides a more robust environment for software interaction testing. Initial results are presented suggesting that heuristic search techniques are more effective than some of the known greedy methods for finding smaller sized test suites. We present a discussion of an integrated approach for finding covering arrays and discuss how application of these techniques can be used to construct variable strength arrays.
Microwave excitation emission spectrometry. Determination of picogram quantities of metals in metalloenzymes (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrowave excitation emission spectrometry. Determination of picogram quantities of metals in metalloenzymesHiroshi. Kawaguchi and Bert L. ValleeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 7, 1029–1034Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60357a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60357a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human HLA-specific T-cell clones with stable expression of a suicide gene: a possible tool to drive and control a graft-versus-host- graft- versus-leukemia reaction? (1996)

Abstract Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is still limited by the morbidity and mortality caused by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), resulting from host recognition by donor T lymphocytes. It is possible to drastically reduce the T-cell content of the graft. However, transplanted T cells can also have a beneficial effect by graft enhancement and the graft-versus-leukemia effect. How can we keep the beneficial GVL effect while protecting the patient from possible GVHD? A recent report proposed the ex vivo transfer of the herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSv-tk) gene into donor T cells before their infusion with hematopoietic stem cells. This procedure is expected to allow selective donor T-cell depletion with ganciclovir should GVHD occur, but it has two major drawbacks: reinjection of a fraction of untransfected T cells cannot be avoided and heterogeneity of the transfected population results in increased risks such as HSv-tk gene instability or dysfunction of some of the transfected T cell. Alternative approaches must be considered. We demonstrate here the feasibility of generating HSv-tk transfected HLA-specific CD4+ cytotoxic T-cell clonal populations, in which 100% of the cells have the HSv-tk gene inserted at a single site within their genome. These clones retained their specificity, their function, and their sensitivity to ganciclovir treatment. Our approach is not limited to bone marrow transplantation. Indeed, this procedure represents a useful alternative to retroviral gene transduction and is applicable to every circumstance where clinical use of gene modified T-cell clones is to be considered.
SAIC receiver algorithms for VAMOS downlink transmission (2011)

Voice services over Adaptive Multiuser channel in One Slot (VAMOS) performance in the presence of GMSK interferer is presented. Widely-Linear (WL) MMSE filtering is used to cancel the co-channel GMSK interferer while performing α-QPSK detection. In this paper, two ways of estimating the Sub Channel Power Imbalance Ratio (SCPIR) are discussed. Due to the colouration of the resultant impairment after filtering, WL metric is proposed which incorporates error covariance between I/Q components in the metric computation. WL RSSE is used as the equalizer. Simulation results using the proposed receiver architecture show significant performance important over conventional VAMOS receivers.
Immunotherapy with OX40L‐Fc or anti‐CTLA‐4 enhances local tissue responses and killing of <i>Leishmania donovani</i> (2004)

Enhancing granuloma development and effector function, but without inducing the pathology associated with excess granulomatous inflammation, poses a major challenge for immunotherapeutic intervention against diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Here, we demonstrate that a chimeric fusion protein (OX40L-Fc) which stimulates T cells through OX40 and a monoclonal antibody which blocks CTLA-4, an inhibitory receptor on T cells, both enhanced the rate of granuloma maturation, CD4(+) T cell proliferation, and killing of Leishmania. Costimulation-based therapy induced no adverse fibrotic or necrotic reactions, and had no significant effect on the levels of endogenous anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-beta). Furthermore, both OX40L-Fc and anti-CTLA4 could be co-administered with conventional anti-leishmanial drugs. Until now, enhancing T cell immunity by the manipulation of costimulatory pathways has only received serious attention for cancer immunotherapy, but our data provide a compelling argument for the evaluation of this approach in human VL and other infectious diseases.
The Solid-state Reduction of Chromite (1992)

The work described in this paper establishes the technological feasibility of the use of an externally heated shaft furnace for the reduction of composite chromite pellets. In the search for alternative routes for the production of Fe-Cr-C alloys, an effort was made to utilize the off-gas of a coal- xygen smelter for the prereduction of chromite. The kinetics of the solid-state reduction of composite chromite pellets were estab­ lished, and the mechanism of reduction was studied. It was found that, although the solid-state reduction of composite chromite pellets occurs via a CO gaseous reduc­ tion step, the presence of fmely divided carbon in close proximity to chromite is imperative in order to promptly restore the reduction potential of the gaseous phase around the oxide particles. Accordingly, the off-gas of a ferrocbromium smelter cannot be used directly to prereduce its charge. However, the off-gas can be utilized solely as a fuel to provide the energy for the solid-state reduction of composite chrornite pellets in the reduc­ tion chamber of an externally heated shaft furnace. A mathematical model, based on experimentally determined kinetic data on chromite reduction and heat-transfer analyses, was developed to describe such a pro­ cess. The validity of certain assumptions made, and the boundary conditions employed in the model, were confIrmed experimentally with a bench-scale shaft fur­ nace. The model predictions with regard to the behaviour of the shaft furnace were in good agreement with the experimental findings.
Dual Gated Nuclear Cardiac Images (1984)

A data acquisition system has been developed to collect camera events simultaneously with continually digitized electrocardiograph signals and respiratory flow measurements. Software processing of the list mode data creates more precisely gated cardiac frames. Additionally, motion blur due to heart movement during breathing is reduced by selecting events within a specific respiratory phase. Thallium myocardium images of a healthy volunteer show increased definition. This technique of combined cardiac and respiratory gating has the potential of improving the detectability of small lesions, and the characterization of cardiac wall motion.
Blended call center performance analysis (2002)

The performance analysis of blended PSTN and IP call centers is likely to be in demand in the near future as the technology for these centers develops further. The authors did not find an analysis for a system of this type in the literature. The development of a user-friendly and portable tool based on their analysis methodology should be useful to organizations that have implemented, or are considering implementing, a blended call center. We have shown BCAT's wide range of uses. In the future, we plan to enhance BCAT to allow for skills-based routing to, for example, agents who can handle PSTN calls only, IP calls only, or both call types. This is a much more complicated queueing problem to model, but will provide increased flexibility to call center supervisors in terms of workforce management planning.
Design and analysis of a wide bandwidth immersion MEMS transducer array for fault detection in power cables (2012)

In this paper a 1-D micromachined-based transducer array is proposed for fault detection in high power transmission power cables. The proposed array benefits from silicon microfabrication techniques, and includes N = 101 capacitive micromachined cells that are located 5μm from each other. Transducer cells are actuated simultaneously, creating an acoustic wave that travels in the surrounding water domain. COMSOL acoustic simulations indicate that this array has a bandwidth of 7 MHz at -6 dB, resulting in a fractional bandwidth of BW/f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> = 70%. This array generates a directive beam pattern with a beam width of 3° at the central frequency of f = 10 MHz, resulting in high-resolution fault detection.
Modelling of a targeted nanotherapeutic ‘stroma’ to deliver the cytokine LIF, or XAV939, a potent inhibitor of Wnt–β-catenin signalling, for use in human fetal dopaminergic grafts in Parkinson’s disease (2014)

The endogenous reparative capacity of the adult human brain is low, and chronic neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system represent one of the greatest areas of unmet clinical need in the developing world. Novel therapeutic strategies to treat them include: (i) growth factor delivery to boost endogenous repair and (ii) replacement cell therapy, including replacing dopaminergic neurons to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). However, these approaches are restricted not only by rapid degradation of growth factors, but also by the limited availability of cells for transplant and the poor survival of implanted cells that lack the necessary stromal support. We therefore hypothesised that provision of a transient artificial stroma for paracrine delivery of pro-survival factors could overcome both of these issues. Using leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) - a proneural, reparative cytokine - formulated as target-specific poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nano-particles (LIF-nano-stroma), we discovered that attachment of LIF-nano-stroma to freshly isolated fetal dopaminergic cells improved their survival fourfold: furthermore, in vivo, the number of surviving human fetal dopaminergic cells tended to be higher at 3 months after grafting into the striatum of nude rats, compared with controls treated with empty nanoparticles. In addition, we also analysed the effect of a novel nano-stroma incorporating XAV939 (XAV), a potent inhibitor of the developmentally important Wnt-β-catenin signalling pathway, to investigate whether it could also promote the survival and differentiation of human fetal dopaminergic precursors; we found that the numbers of both tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive neurons (a marker of dopaminergic neurons) and total neurons were increased. This is the first demonstration that LIF-nano-stroma and XAV-nano-stroma each have pro-survival effects on human dopaminergic neurons, with potential value for target-specific modulation of neurogenic fate in cell-based therapies for PD.
ChemInform Abstract: METHODS OF PEPTIDE SEQUENCING PART 2, CYCLIZATION OF N‐2‐AMINO‐6‐NITROPHENYL AND N‐3‐AMINO‐2‐PYRIDYL DERIVATIVES OF AMINO‐ACIDS AND PEPTIDES (1975)

Abstract Eine zur Bestimmung der Aminosäuresequenz geeignete Peptid‐Abbaumethode wird beschrieben.