gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic activity dependence of in vivo normal knee kinematics (2007)

Dynamic knee kinematics were analyzed for normal knees in three activities, including two different types of maximum knee flexion. Continuous X-ray images of kneel, squat, and stair climb motions were taken using a large flat panel detector. CT-derived bone models were used for model registration-based 3D kinematic measurement. Three-dimensional joint kinematics and contact locations were determined using three methods: bone-fixed coordinate systems, interrogation of CT-based bone model surfaces, and interrogation of MR-based articular cartilage model surfaces. The femur exhibited gradual external rotation throughout the flexion range. Tibiofemoral contact exhibited external rotation, with contact locations translating posterior while maintaining 15 degrees to 20 degrees external rotation from 20 degrees to 80 degrees of flexion. From 80 degrees to maximum flexion, contact locations showed a medial pivot pattern. Kinematics based on bone-fixed coordinate systems differed from kinematics based on interrogation of CT and MR surfaces. Knee kinematics varied significantly by activity, especially in deep flexion. No posterior subluxation occurred for either femoral condyle in maximum knee flexion. Normal knees accommodate a range of motions during various activities while maintaining geometric joint congruency.
Perfect Quantum Error Correction Code (1996)

We present a quantum error correction code which protects a qubit of information against general one qubit errors which maybe caused by the interaction with the environment. To accomplish this, we encode the original state by distributing quantum information over five qubits, the minimal number required for this task. We give a simple circuit which takes the initial state with four extra qubits in the state |0> to the encoded state. The circuit can be converted into a decoding one by simply running it backward. Reading the extra four qubits at the decoder's output we learn which one of the sixteen alternatives (no error plus all fifteen possible 1-bit errors) was realized. The original state of the encoded qubit can then be restored by a simple unitary transformation.
Fungal Growth and Acid Production During Fermentation and Refermentation of Organic Acid Treated Corn Silages (1975)

Chopped corn (35% dry matter) treated with either propionic, formic, 60% propionic plus 40% formic, or 80% propionic plus 20% acetic acids at 0, .5, 1, and 2%, was placed in polyethylene bags inside metal drums, and evacuated. During fermentation silages were sampled and temperatures determined. On day 40 of fermentation silages were placed in open containers at 25 C and were sampled during refermentation. All samples were analyzed for volatile and lactic acids, pH, and number and type of fungi. Lactate fermentation was totally inhibited at 2% addition of all acids, but formic acid was more effective than propionic acid at .5 and 1%. Acerate production was equally depressed by both propionic and formic additions. Heating, growth of fungi, and days until spoilage were delayed by all acid additions during refermentation, with propionic more effectivethan formic. The large increases in lactate and acetate of treated silages during refermentation reflect a protection of soluble sugars during fermentation and subsequent use by microbes after exposure to air. Silages treated with more than 1%propionic (as propionic or a mixture) did not increase in fungal colonies during refermentation. At initiation of fermentation yeasts werehigher than other fungi but decreases by day 40. During refermentation, yeasts again grew. Geotrichum comprised 35% on day 40 of refermentation but was lower at other times. Aspergillus proliferated during refermentation and few Penicillium were detected.
Physical layer challenge-response authentication in wireless networks with relay (2014)

Exploiting physical layer characteristics to enhance or complement authentication strength in wireless networks has been attracting research attention recently. Existing physical layer authentication mechanisms mainly tackle single-hop communications. In this paper, we propose two physical layer challenge-response authentication mechanisms for wireless networks with relay. One mechanism, named PHY-CRAMR, is an extension of the existing PHY-CRAM protocol. It fully utilizes the randomness, reciprocity, and location decorrelation features of the wireless fading channel to hide/encrypt the challenge response messages at the physical layer, and is immune to outside attacks with a trusted relay. The other novel mechanism, named PHY-AUR, exploits randomness, coherence, and location decorrelation properties of wireless fading channel to securely convey the product of the channel state information on consecutive links and uses the fading channel to encrypt challenge and response messages. PHY-AUR is immune to both outside and inside attacks with an untrusted relay. Both PHY-CRAMR and PHY-AUR adopt OFDM technique to modulate the authentication key and challenge-response messages on subcarriers. Physical layer pilots and preambles are eliminated to prevent an attacker from gaining knowledge about the channel state information, and as a result prevent the authentication key from being revealed to untrusted attackers. We analyze the security strength of both mechanisms and conduct extensive simulations to evaluate them. It shows that both PHY-CRAMR and PHY-AUR can achieve both a high successful authentication rate and low false acceptance rate, and the performance improves as the signal to noise ratio (SNR) increases.
Clinical development of plant-produced recombinant pharmaceuticals: Vaccines, antibodies and beyond (2011)

In the last few years, plants have become an increasingly attractive platform for recombinant protein production. This builds on two decades of research, starting with transgenic approaches to develop oral vaccines in which antigens or therapeutics can be delivered in processed plant biomass, and progressing to transient expression approaches whereby high yields of purified targets are administered parenterally. The advantages of plant-based expression systems include high scalability, low upstream costs, biocontainment, lack of human or animal pathogens, and ability to produce target proteins with desired structures and biological functions. Using transgenic and transient expression in whole plants or plant cell culture, a variety of recombinant subunit vaccine candidates, therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies, and dietary proteins have been produced. Some of these products have been tested in early phase clinical trials, and show safety and efficacy. Among those are mucosal vaccines for diarrheal diseases, hepatitis B and rabies; injectable vaccines for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, H1N1 and H5N1 strains of influenza A virus, and Newcastle disease in poultry; and topical antibodies for the treatment of dental caries and HIV. As lead plant-based products have entered clinical trials, there has been increased emphasis on manufacturing under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) guidelines, and the preparation and presentation to the relevant government agencies of regulatory packages.
The Realization Of A Multiple Model Estimation Algorithm Using Parallel Processing Techniques (1994)

The Multiple Model Estimation Algorithm (MMEA) consists of a set of Kalman Filters and is amenable to realization by parallel processing techniques. A model-based fault diagnostic procedure utilizing an MMEA has been implemented for an eddy-current test instrument and the signal processing is based on an array of four transputers. The computational procedures are described here and results are presented.
Robust V-blast MIMO-OFDM channel estimators in time-varying channels using iterativewiener filters (2005)

A robust iterative pilot symbol aided modulation (PSAM) channel estimation (CE) approach is proposed for vertical Bell Laboratories layered space-time (V-BLAST) multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems operating on time-varying wireless channels. Since the signals at receive antennas are the superposition of the transmitted signals from multiple transmit antennas in V-BLAST systems, accurate CE is crucial for good error rate performance. Furthermore, since the channel estimator is independently implemented for a MIMO system, the proposed iterative algorithm has an inherent iterative interference cancellation characteristic. Simulation results demonstrate excellent performance of the proposed algorithm on frequency selective fading channels
OFTT: a fault tolerance middleware toolkit for process monitoring and control Windows NT applications (2002)

Describes OFTT (OLE Fault Tolerance Technology), a fault tolerance middleware toolkit running on the Microsoft Windows NT operating system that provides the required fault tolerance for networked PCs in the context of industrial process monitoring and control applications. It is based on the Microsoft Component Object Model (COM) and consists of components that perform checkpoint-saving, failure detection, recovery and other fault tolerance functions. The ease with which this technology can be incorporated into an application represents the primary innovation. It is hoped that, by making fault tolerance more compatible with standard software architectures, more reliable PC-based monitoring and control systems can be built conveniently.
Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology (1989)

Valid measurement scales for predicting user acceptance of computers are in short supply. Most subjective measures used in practice are unvalidated, and their relationship to system usage is unknown. The present research develops and validates new scales for two specific variables, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, which are hypothesized to be fundamental determinants of user acceptance. Definitions for these two variables were used to develop scale items that were pretested for content validity and then tested for reliability and construct validity in two studies involving a total of 152 users and four application programs. The measures were refined and streamlined, resulting in two six-item scales with reliabilities of .98 for usefulness and .94 for ease of use. The scales exhibited high convergent, discriminant, and factorial validity. Perceived usefulness was significantly correlated with both self-reported current usage (r=.63, Study 1) and self-predicted future usage (r=.85, Study 2). Perceived ease of use was also significantly correlated with current usage (r=.45, Study 1) and future usage (r=.59, Study 2). In both studies, usefulness had a significantly greater correlation with usage behavior than did ease of use. Regression analyses suggest that perceived ease of use may actually be a causal antecedent to perceived usefulness, as opposed to a parallel, direct determinant of system usage. Implications are drawn for future research on user acceptance.
Blind estimation of symbol timing and carrier frequency offset in pulse shaping OFDM systems (1999)

We introduce a blind algorithm for the joint estimation of symbol timing and carrier frequency offset in pulse shaping OFDM systems. The proposed estimator exploits the cyclostationarity of the received OFDM signal and can be seen as an extension of the Gini-Giannakis estimator (see IEEE Trans. Comm., vol.46, p.400-11, 1998) for single-carrier systems. An important feature of our method is the capability to perform a carrier frequency acquisition over the entire bandwidth of the OFDM signal. Furthermore, our estimator can be applied even if no cyclic prefix is used. We provide simulation results demonstrating the performance of the new estimator.
Methylated <i>NEUROD1</i> Promoter is a Marker for Chemosensitivity in Breast Cancer (2008)

These data support the view that NEUROD1 methylation is a chemosensitivity marker in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Methylaminothiazolines via Mitsunobu Reaction of N‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl)‐N′‐methyl‐thioureas. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of CCR7, CXCR4 and VEGF-C on the lymph node metastasis of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2013)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the expression of chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR4 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and the lymph node metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The mRNA transcription levels of CCR7, CXCR4 and VEGF-C were measured in 24 specimens by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, while the protein expression levels were measured in 65 specimens by immuohistochemistry. Professional software for pathological image manipulation (Image Pro Plus 6.0) was used to quantitate the results of the immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of CCR7, CXCR4 and VEGF-C were all significantly higher in the cancer samples compared with those in the adjacent normal tissue. The CCR7 and VEGF-C mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in the patients with cancer types exhibiting lymph node metastasis and an advanced International Union Against Cancer (UICC) stage (P<0.05). The greater the number of metastatic lymph nodes, the higher the levels of CCR7 expression (P<0.05). There was a significant positive linear correlation between the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCR7 and VEGF-C (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of CXCR4 were not correlated with the lymph node metastasis (P>0.05), however the strong positive expression of CCR7 and VEGF-C was significantly associated with the lymph node metastasis of PDAC.
Concise Review: Periodontal Tissue Regeneration Using Stem Cells: Strategies and Translational Considerations (2018)

Periodontitis is a widespread disease characterized by inflammation-induced progressive damage to the tooth-supporting structures until tooth loss occurs. The regeneration of lost/damaged support tissue in the periodontium, including the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum, is an ambitious purpose of periodontal regenerative therapy and might effectively reduce periodontitis-caused tooth loss. The use of stem cells for periodontal regeneration is a hot field in translational research and an emerging potential treatment for periodontitis. This concise review summarizes the regenerative approaches using either culture-expanded or host-mobilized stem cells that are currently being investigated in the laboratory and with preclinical models for periodontal tissue regeneration and highlights the most recent evidence supporting their translational potential toward a widespread use in the clinic for combating highly prevalent periodontal disease. We conclude that in addition to in vitro cell-biomaterial design and transplantation, the engineering of biomaterial devices to encourage the innate regenerative capabilities of the periodontium warrants further investigation. In comparison to cell-based therapies, the use of biomaterials is comparatively simple and sufficiently reliable to support high levels of endogenous tissue regeneration. Thus, endogenous regenerative technology is a more economical and effective as well as safer method for the treatment of clinical patients. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:392-403.
A <i>C</i><sub>2</sub> Symmetric Chiral Ketone for Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of Unfunctionalized Olefins (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA C2 Symmetric Chiral Ketone for Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of Unfunctionalized OlefinsDan Yang, Yiu-Chung Yip, Man-Wai Tang, Man-Kin Wong, Jian-Hua Zheng, and Kung-Kai CheungView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2, 491–492Publication Date (Web):January 17, 1996Publication History Received28 August 1995Published online17 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9529549https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9529549rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3001Altmetric-Citations186LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Catalytic activity,Hydrocarbons,Ketones,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
Comparative study on the blends of PBS/thermoplastic starch prepared from waxy and normal corn starches (2013)

Abstract In this study, waxy (0% amylose) and normal (26% amylose) corn starches were used to prepare thermoplastic starch (WTPS and NTPS, respectively). Furthermore, comparative blends of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and WTPS and NTPS were prepared for investigating the effect of starch type and PBS content on the properties of PBS/TPS blends. Morphology, processability, mechanical properties, water resistance, and thermal stability of the blends were evaluated. The results showed that the plasticization and processing of waxy corn starch were more easily performed than normal corn starch. The melt flow index, tensile properties, water resistance, and thermo stability of the PBS/TPS blends increased significantly with increasing PBS content. In addition, compared with the PBS/NTPS blends, the combination of PBS and WTPS could gain some excellent performances such as good processability, superior mechanical properties, and higher water resistance.
Knowledge representation and human-computer interaction in an intelligent tutor for diagnostic problem solving (2002)

Implementation of an intelligent tutor for diagnostic problem solving in a complex engineering domain requires: (1) a large amount of domain knowledge organized to facilitate evolution of system states with time, (2) troubleshooting task knowledge, (3) knowledge to infer a student's possible misconceptions from observed actions, and (4) pedagogical knowledge to realize the tutoring objectives. The domain and task knowledge needs to be organized in a manner that is easily accessible and communicable to the student, and the instructional system requires a well designed interface to communicate this knowledge. A methodology for representing domain and pedagogical knowledge in an intelligent tutoring system is described. An implementation of the methodology in an instructional system that can train operators to troubleshoot a marine power plant is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
p,p'-AZOXY- AND p,p'-AZO-DIBENZOIC ACIDS (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTp,p'-AZOXY- AND p,p'-AZO-DIBENZOIC ACIDSEVANS B. REID and ERVIN G. PRITCHETTCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1953, 18, 6, 715–719Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01134a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01134a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views446Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Introduction (2007)

This is a history of how people worked, where they lived, what they ate, wore, sickened and died from in Ireland from 1850 to 1922, rather than a history of how they saw themselves, each other and their place in the world. It summarises much useful information about life in Ireland in the period 1850–1922, incorporate some original research, suggests new lines of inquiry and disputes some historical orthodoxies that have grown up over the years. This chapter notes that life in Ireland in the seventy years covered by this book was more than an inexorable acceleration towards post-independence Ireland, north and south.
Decision Support for Internet Users (2003)

Decision Support for Internet Users, called DSIU, is an area of research, we proposed, for decision support systems using two technologies: automated knowledge acquisition from information on the Internet and automated reasoning about the acquired knowledge. This paper describes our research progress and a new research on mathematical models for designing decision support systems in DSIU with respect to realizing the systems and giving contributions to society in the near future. The research progress is described in terms of four automated technologies: (1) judging relevance between words from their meaning, (2) acquiring knowledge from text, (3) handling incomplete and uncertain knowledge, (4) gathering Web-pages using layers of Web-sites, and of two confirmations of the technologies: (5) making check on knowledge in various types of Web-pages and (6) developing prototype systems. The research on mathematical models is described in terms of modeling decision making processes where the knowledge for the decision is constructed automatically from information on the Internet. This paper also describes a new challenge in terms of building an online shopping mall using some technologies in DSIU.