gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNA-Dependent Replication and Transcription of Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Involve Distinct Cellular RNA Polymerases (2000)

Cellular DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (pol II) has been postulated to carry out RNA-dependent RNA replication and transcription of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA, generating a full-length (1.7-kb) RNA genome and a subgenomic-length (0.8-kb) mRNA. However, the supporting evidence for this hypothesis was ambiguous because the previous experiments relied on DNA-templated transcription to initiate HDV RNA synthesis. Furthermore, there is no evidence that the same cellular enzyme is involved in the synthesis of both RNA species. In this study, we used a novel HDV RNA-based transfection approach, devoid of any artificial HDV cDNA intermediates, to determine the enzymatic and metabolic requirements for the synthesis of these two RNA species. We showed that HDV subgenomic mRNA transcription was inhibited by a low concentration of alpha-amanitin (<3 microgram/ml) and could be partially restored by an alpha-amanitin-resistant mutant pol II; however, surprisingly, the synthesis of the full-length (1.7-kb) antigenomic RNA was not affected by alpha-amanitin to a concentration higher than 25 microgram/ml. By several other criteria, such as the differing requirement for the de novo-synthesized hepatitis delta antigen and temperature dependence, we further showed that the metabolic requirements of subgenomic HDV mRNA synthesis are different from those for the synthesis of genomic-length HDV RNA and cellular pol II transcripts. The synthesis of the two HDV RNA species could also be uncoupled under several different conditions. These findings provide strong evidence that pol II, or proteins derived from pol II transcripts, is involved in mRNA transcription from the HDV RNA template. In contrast, the synthesis of the 1.7-kb HDV antigenomic RNA appears not to be dependent on pol II. These results reveal that there are distinct molecular mechanisms for the synthesis of these two RNA species.
Zn diffusion in GaAs obtained by a simple open-tube technique (1986)

Zn diffusion into 2-in.-diam semi-insulating GaAs wafers has been carried out by a simple, open-tube diffusion method using a commercially available GaAsZn solid source and without surface coating or encapsulation. High-quality (μ=75–100 cm2/V s) layers with a flat carrier concentration and sharp cutoff Zn distribution have been obtained. The p-type layers obtained by this method are uniform across the wafer, and the technique can be easily scaled up. Selective diffusion of Zn was also demonstrated with this technique, using a plasma-deposited Si3N4 as a diffusion mask.
The Moving Pose: An Efficient 3D Kinematics Descriptor for Low-Latency Action Recognition and Detection (2013)

Human action recognition under low observational latency is receiving a growing interest in computer vision due to rapidly developing technologies in human-robot interaction, computer gaming and surveillance. In this paper we propose a fast, simple, yet powerful non-parametric Moving Pose (MP) framework for low-latency human action and activity recognition. Central to our methodology is a moving pose descriptor that considers both pose information as well as differential quantities (speed and acceleration) of the human body joints within a short time window around the current frame. The proposed descriptor is used in conjunction with a modified kNN classifier that considers both the temporal location of a particular frame within the action sequence as well as the discrimination power of its moving pose descriptor compared to other frames in the training set. The resulting method is non-parametric and enables low-latency recognition, one-shot learning, and action detection in difficult unsegmented sequences. Moreover, the framework is real-time, scalable, and outperforms more sophisticated approaches on challenging benchmarks like MSR-Action3D or MSR-DailyActivities3D.
Hypomethylation in cervical tissue: is there a correlation with folate status? (1998)

We have shown previously that DNA hypomethylation is significantly associated with grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN; Y.I. Kim et al., Cancer, 74: 893-899, 1994). The objective of this study was to further describe this relationship and to investigate the role of folate in the observed association of DNA hypomethylation and CIN. Eighty-three patients with abnormal PAP smear results were referred to the Cervical Dysplasia Clinic at the University of Arizona for colposcopic examination and biopsy. Patients completed a short questionnaire and provided a nonfasting serum sample. DNA hypomethylation was assessed by incubating DNA extracted from biopsy samples with [3H]methyl-S-adenosylmethionine and Sss 1 methylase. Cervical tissue and serum folate concentrations were assessed using a microbiological assay. All folate levels were log transformed prior to statistical analysis. The histological distribution of the samples was: 7 adjacent normal, 30 CIN I, 18 CIN II, 13 CIN III, and 11 carcinoma in situ (CIS). The mean age of participants was 29.8 +/- 9.6 years. DNA hypomethylation was significantly different between select histological levels. Both cervical tissue folate and serum folate levels were significantly correlated to methylation level (P = 0.0211 and P = 0.0569, respectively). Smoking, hormonal contraceptive use, parity, and human papillomavirus infection were not associated with DNA hypomethylation or folate status. The current use of vitamins was significantly associated with serum folate level but not with methylation or cervical folate levels. These data extend our earlier findings that DNA hypomethylation is an early event in cervical carcinogenesis. To conclude that the folate level is significantly related to DNA hypomethylation, further investigation of DNA hypomethylation of specific genes is required.
Numerical analysis of the ab initio computation of the effects of ionization on the nonlinear susceptibility coefficients of the hydrogen atom (2006)

This paper provides a numerical analysis of a procedure for determining the effects of ionization on the nonlinear susceptibility coefficients of the hydrogen atom. To solve the relevant system of Schrdinger-type equations, we have developed a multidomain pseudospectral code with high accuracy symmetric finite differences to update cell boundary points. Using a conservative time stepping, one is then able to resolve the oscillatory solutions to the underlying equations, compute the ionization probability, and accurately determine the polarization. To gain insight into the physical mechanisms involved, we have calculated the full susceptibility and one which depends solely on the electronic bound-bound transitions. Our analysis reveals that saturation of the susceptibility occurs without including bound-continuum transitions. We have also found that a linear extrapolation of the total susceptibility versus the ionization probability to obtain the instantaneous susceptibility is quantitatively unreliable.
<b>The Plant Sulfolipid. VII. Synthesis of 6-Sulfo-α-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1→1″)-glycerol and Radiochemical Syntheses of Sulfolipids</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Plant Sulfolipid. VII. Synthesis of 6-Sulfo-α-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1→1″)-glycerol and Radiochemical Syntheses of SulfolipidsM. Miyano and A. A. BensonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 1, 59–62Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00860a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00860a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Integral role of GDF‐9 and BMP‐15 in ovarian function (2010)

The oocyte plays an important role in regulating and promoting follicle growth, and thereby its own development, by the production of oocyte growth factors that predominantly act on supporting granulosa cells via paracrine signaling. Genetic studies in mice demonstrated critical roles of two key oocyte-derived growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, growth and differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15), in ovarian function. The identification of Bmp15 and Gdf9 gene mutations as the causal mechanism underlying the highly prolific or infertile nature of several sheep strains in a dosage-sensitive manner also highlighted the crucial role these two genes play in ovarian function. Similarly, large numbers of mutations in the GDF9 and BMP15 genes have been identified in women with premature ovarian failure and in mothers of dizygotic twins. The purpose of this article is to review the genetic studies of GDF-9 and BMP-15 mutations identified in women and sheep, as well as describing the various knockout and overexpressing mouse models, and to summarize the molecular and biological functions that underlie the crucial role of these two oocyte factors in female fertility.
A cost-effective radar system for automotive powertrain control applications (2012)

This paper describes a new and unique merger of radar technology to automotive powertrain control systems, in particular, with the goal of increasing fuel efficiency in hybrid electric vehicles. The power management system can make more intelligent decisions impacting fuel consumption and emissions if it has knowledge of objects surrounding the vehicle. Furthermore, this paper proposes a scheme for creating a cost effective radar sensor. Discussed in detail is how such a system capable of providing the necessary information for powertrain control applications may be designed specifically to minimize cost and complexity. Finally, an evaluation and prototyping platform consisting of both hardware and software is described, which allows for evaluation and verification of the design tradeoffs. The same platform will also provide the future possibility of the powertrain control algorithm verification on the road as a later step of this research.
Purification and Mechanism of Action of Sucrose Phosphorylase (1967)

Sucrose phosphorylase (disaccharide glucosyltransferase) from Pseudomonas saccharophila has been highly purified. The enzyme appears to be homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge, on starch gel electrophoresis and on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by Sephadex chromatography is 80,000 to 100,000. The kinetics of the reaction was examined and found to be consistent with a double displacement mechanism involving formation of a glucose-enzyme complex and a subsequent reaction of this complex with acceptor to form the reaction products. Further evidence of the formation of a glucose-enzyme complex was obtained by isolating a denatured form of the complex. This complex contained 1 mole of glucose per mole of enzyme.
Trajectory Association and Fusion across Partially Overlapping Cameras (2009)

We present a novel unsupervised inter-camera trajectory correspondence algorithm that does not require prior knowledge of the camera placement. The approach consists of three steps, namely association, fusion and linkage. For association, local trajectory pairs corresponding to the same physical object are estimated using multiple spatio-temporal features on a common ground-plane. To disambiguate spurious associations, we employ a hybrid approach that utilizes the matching results on the image- and ground-plane. The trajectory segments after association are fused by adaptive averaging. Finally, linkage integrates segments and generates a single trajectory of an object across the entire observed area. We evaluated the performance of the proposed approach on a simulated and two real scenarios with simultaneous moving objects observed by multiple cameras and compared it with state-of-the-art algorithms. Convincing results are observed in favor of the proposed approach.
A Multipath Routing Algorithm Based on Traffic Prediction in Wireless Mesh Networks (2009)

The technology of QoS routing has become a great challenge in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). There exist a lot of literatures on QoS routing in WMNs, but the current algorithms have some deficiencies, such as high complexity, poor scalability and flexibility. To solve the problems above, a multipath routing algorithm based on traffic prediction (MRATP) is proposed in WMNs. MRATP consists of three modules including an algorithm on multipath routing built, a congestion discovery mechanism based on wavelet-neural network and a load balancing algorithm via multipath. Compared with the current algorithms, MRATP has higher success ratio and lower end to end delay. So MRATP can guarantee the end to end QoS of WMNs.
A 0.13um double balanced mixer for 3.2-4.8GHz IR-UWB applications (2012)

In this paper we presents a high linearity CMOS up/down conversion double balanced mixer for Impulse Response Ultrawide Band (IR-UWB) applications with a 3.2-4.8 GHz operating frequency. The proposed mixer is intended for high performance, low power integrated UWB communication systems. In particular, the simulated parameters of the proposed mixer make this device particularly suited for cellular radio applications. The mixer is based on a “Gilbert cell” multiplier configuration and polyphase filters in order to generate LO quadrature signals around in the desired bandwidth.
Intranucleolar localization of human proliferating cell nucleolar antigen p120. (1988)

The human proliferation-associated nucleolar antigen p120 was localized to substructures within HeLa cell nucleoli by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of cells whose nucleoli were segregated by drug treatment or extracted with nucleases. By indirect immunofluorescence, protein p120 was localized diffusely throughout all interphase nucleoli. However, high resolution immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that protein p120 staining delineated a network of 20-30-nm diameter beaded fibrils distributed throughout the nucleolus. This distribution was unique compared to that of the nucleolar proteins p145, RNA polymerase I, or B23 which were examined simultaneously. Drug-induced segregation of nucleoli by actinomycin D or dichlorobenzimidazole riboside, followed by immunoelectron microscopy, indicated that protein p120 was concentrated at the periphery of the granular region in segregated nucleoli. In situ nuclease digestion of cells with DNase I and/or RNase A did not release p120 from the nucleolus. Instead, p120 immunoreactivity was retained within phase-dense residual nucleoli. These results provide evidence that protein p120 is associated with, and in fact delineates, a network of fibrils which is retained in the nucleolar residue fraction of proliferating cells.
Real-time physics-model-based simulation of the current density profile in tokamak plasmas (2011)

A new paradigm is presented to reconstruct the plasma current density profile in a tokamak in real-time. The traditional method of basing the reconstruction on real-time diagnostics combined with a real-time Grad–Shafranov solver suffers from the difficulty of obtaining reliable internal current profile measurements with sufficient spatial and temporal accuracy to have a complete picture of the profile evolution at all times. A new methodology is proposed in which the plasma current density profile is simulated in real-time by solving the first-principle physics-based equations determining its evolution. Effectively, an interpretative transport simulation similar to those run today in post-plasma shot analysis is performed in real-time. This provides real-time reconstructions of the current density profile with spatial and temporal resolution constrained only by the capabilities of the computational platform used and not by the available diagnostics or the choice of basis functions. The diagnostic measurements available in real-time are used to constrain and improve the accuracy of the simulated profiles. Estimates of other plasma quantities, related to the current density profile, become available in real-time as well. The implementation of the proposed paradigm in the TCV tokamak is discussed, and its successful use in plasma experiments is demonstrated. This framework opens up the possibility of unifying q profile reconstructions across different tokamaks using a common physics model and will support a wealth of applications in which improved real-time knowledge of the plasma state is used for feedback control, disruption avoidance, scenario monitoring and external disturbance estimation.
Human astrocytes are only partially competent antigen presenting cells (1994)

Highly purified astrocyte cultures from human embryonic brain were examined for their capacity to present antigen to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II compatible, cytolytic CD4+ T lymphocytes. Most astrocytes constitutively expressed HLA class I products and LFA-3 (CD58). Constitutive expression of HLA class II, LFA-1 alpha (CD11a) and ICAM-1 (CD54) was lower and varied among different cultures, while LFA-2 (CD2) was absent. IFN-gamma alone or in combination with TNF-alpha strongly enhanced expression of HLA class I, HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ, LFA-1 alpha and ICAM-1, but did not affect expression of LFA-2 (CD2) and LFA-3 (CD58). TNF-alpha alone induced only HLA class I and ICAM-1, but not HLA class II or LFA-1 alpha. Cytokine treated, but not untreated astrocytes were able to present protein (auto-)antigens to specific T lymphocyte lines. Astrocytes expressing appropriate major histocompatibility complex class II products were lysed by CD4+ T cells specific for myelin basic protein or tetanus toxoid. The lytic response was antigen dose dependent and HLA-DR restricted. It could be blocked by antibodies against HLA-DR determinants and against the adhesion molecules LFA-1 alpha and ICAM-1. In remarkable contrast to their susceptibility to T cell lysis, antigen presenting astrocytes were not only completely unable to induce T cell proliferation but even inhibited proliferation. The results indicate that, although human astrocytes have the potential to present protein antigens to CD4+ T cells, they do not induce the co-stimulatory factors required to trigger the complete T cell activation programme.
Inheritance of Diabetes Mellitus (1976)

Familial aggregation of diabetes mellitus has been recognized for centuries; yet the exact contribution of genetic factors to the cause of the disease remains unclear.1 Studies based on clinical histories and questionnaires clearly demonstrate an increased prevalence of a positive family history for patients with over those without diabetes. Moreover, numerous studies, using both clinical and glucose tolerance testing criteria, have confirmed an increased prevalence of diabetes or abnormal glucose tolerance in specified relatives of patients over similar relatives of controls.Either genetic or environmental factors (or both), however, may be responsible for familial aggregation of a disease. In an . . .
Porcine Rotaviral Infection of Cell Culture: Effects of Certain Enzymes (1980)

Porcine rotaviral infectivity for continuous porcine kidney (PK-15) cells was enhanced by incorporation of pancreatic endopeptidases into the cell culture maintenance medium. Marked enhancement of infectivity was induced by trypsin, whereas elestase and alpha-chymotrypsin enhanced infectivity to a lesser extent. Bacterial protease also induced some enhancement of porcine rotaviral infectivity. A synergistic enhancement of porcine rotaviral infectivity was noticed with trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin combined. Porcine rotaviral infectivity was not affected by incorporation of alpha-amylase, alkaline phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, carboxypeptidase-A, deoxyribonuclease, enterokinase, lipase, or ribonuclease into the maintenance medium.
OctoPocus (2008)

We describe OctoPocus, an example of a dynamic guide that combines on-screen feedforward and feedback to help users learn, execute and remember gesture sets. OctoPocus can be applied to a wide range of single-stroke gestures and recognition algorithms and helps users progress smoothly from novice to expert performance. We provide an analysis of the design space and describe the results of two experi-ments that show that OctoPocus is significantly faster and improves learning of arbitrary gestures, compared to con-ventional Help menus. It can also be adapted to a mark-based gesture set, significantly improving input time compared to a two-level, four-item Hierarchical Marking menu.
Parenchymal versus reticuloendothelial iron overload in the liver: distinction with MR imaging. (1991)

Parenchymal iron deposition occurs in hemochromatosis, while iron is deposited in reticuloendothelial (RE) cells after blood transfusions or rhabdomyolysis. Magnetic resonance images of patients with decreased liver signal intensity on T2-weighted images at 1.5 T were blindly compared in an effort to distinguish these conditions. In each of five patients with hemochromatosis, the pancreas had low signal intensity, but splenic signal intensity was decreased in only one. In contrast, only three of the 16 patients with RE iron overload had low pancreatic signal intensity, while all of these patients either had low splenic signal intensity (n = 14) or previously underwent splenectomy (n = 2). Distinction among these causes of iron deposition is clinically important because parenchymal iron overload from hemochromatosis may produce significant tissue damage, while the RE iron of transfusions and rhabdomyolysis is of little clinical consequence.
An Energy-Efficient Self-Regulating Heater for Flow-Through Applications (2003)

In many experiments, a flow-through heating arrangement is needed to reduce reaction time. Often the reaction conditions require inertness of the wetted material. Heated reactors based on polymeric tubing, notably PTFE, are the most common, and such reactors are typically used in a manner in which they are put in a heated bath or an otherwise thermally conductive potting in which a heater and a temperature sensor are embedded for heating and temperature control. Polymeric tubes are poor conductors of heat; as such, most reactors of this type have very poor energy utilization. We describe here heated flow-through reactors where a wire runs through the entire length of the tubular reactor and where the wire is directly electrically heated. The wire may or may not be electrically insulated. If the exterior of the tube is well insulated, the energy efficiency of such a reactor in heating the fluid of interest is nearly unity. This makes it most suitable for battery-powered applications. If an appropriate wire with a significant temperature coefficient of resistance is chosen, monitoring the current through the device at constant applied voltage indicates the effective mean temperature of the device and thus allows effective temperature control without an additional sensor/controller with essentially instantaneous response. Temperature control within +/- 0.4 degrees C at a mean temperature of 65 degrees C and within +/- 0.9 degrees C at 87 degrees C have been achieved.