gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of the CYP17 gene polymorphism with the risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. (2003)

A T-to-C polymorphism in the 5' promoter region of the CYP17 gene that encodes the cytochrome P450c17alpha has been implicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer, but individual studies have been inconclusive or controversial. Therefore we performed a meta-analysis of 10 studies (12 comparisons) with CYP17 genotyping on 2404 patients with prostate cancer and 2755 controls. Overall, the random effects odds ratio (OR) for the A2 (C) versus A1 (T) allele was 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95-1.22], with some between-study heterogeneity (P = 0.04). There was no suggestion of an overall effect either in recessive or dominant modeling of A2 effects, and the comparison of A2/A2 versus A1/A1 also showed no differential susceptibility to prostate cancer (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.91-1.46). No effect of A2 was seen in subjects of European descent (7 comparisons, OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.92-1.18, no significant between-study heterogeneity) or Asian descent (2 comparisons, OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.66-1.71; P = 0.02 for heterogeneity), whereas A2 increased susceptibility to prostate cancer in subjects of African descent (3 comparisons, OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.07-2.28; no between-study heterogeneity). Smaller studies unilaterally showed more prominent genetic effects for A2 than larger studies (P = 0.038). The meta-analysis suggests that the CYP17 polymorphism is unlikely to increase considerably the risk of sporadic prostate cancer on a wide population basis, especially in subjects of European descent. Previously reported associations may reflect publication bias, although it is also possible that the polymorphism may be important in subjects of African descent.
A simple and efficient VLSI sorting architecture (2002)

We have proposed a special-purpose VLSI architecture based on a new parallel sorting algorithm, the MM-SORT. The main ingredients of our design are three types of simple systolic structures: linear arrays, a sorting network and a complete binary tree, all operating in pipelined fashion. The basic processing elements are special storage cells, comparator/register pairs or ANDer/register pairs, and the interconnection degree of each processing element is bounded by a small constant. Due to the simplicity and regularity of this design, the proposed architecture is very suitable for VLSI implementation, and easy to be expanded.
Bidirectional transbilayer movement of phospholipid analogs in human red blood cells. Evidence for an ATP-dependent and protein-mediated process. (1992)

The transbilayer movement of fluorescent and isotopically labeled analogs of phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) from the outer to the inner leaflet (flip) and from the inner to the outer leaflet (flop) of human red blood cells (RBC) was examined. The inward movement of 1-oleoyl-2-(N-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-aminocaproyl)- (C6-NBD-), 1-oleoyl-2-(N-(3-(3-[125I]iodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)aminocaproyl)- (C6-125I-), or 1-oleoyl-2-(N-(3-3-[125I]iodo-4-azido-phenyl)propionyl)aminocaproyl- (C6-125I-N3-) analogs of PC and PE were relatively slow. In contrast, all analogs of PS and PE analogs containing aminododecanoic acid (C12 lipids) were rapidly transported to the cell's inner leaflet. Analysis of 125I-N3 lipids cross-linked to membrane proteins revealed labeling of 32-kDa Rh polypeptides that was dependent on the lipid's capacity to be transported to the inner leaflet but was independent of lipid species. To investigate whether lipids could also be transported from the inner to the outer leaflet, lipid probes residing exclusively in the inner leaflet were monitored for their appearance in the outer leaflet. Lipid movement could not be detected at 0 degrees C. At 37 degrees C, however, approximately 70% of the PC, 40% of the PE, and 15% of the PS redistributed to the cells outer leaflet, thereby attaining their normal asymmetric distribution. Continuous incubation in the presence of bovine serum albumin depleted the cells of the analogs (t1/2 approximately 1.5 h) in a manner that was independent of lipid species. Similar to the inward movement of aminophospholipids, the outward movement of PC, PE, and PS was ATP-dependent and could be blocked by oxidation of membrane sulfhydryls and by the histidine reagent bromophenacyl bromide. Evidence is presented which suggests that the outward movement of lipids is an intrinsic property of the cells unrelated to compensatory mechanisms due to an imbalance in lipid distribution.
The Short Arm of the Laminin γ2 Chain Plays a Pivotal Role in the Incorporation of Laminin 5 into the Extracellular Matrix and in Cell Adhesion (2001)

Laminin 5 is a basement membrane component that actively promotes adhesion and migration of epithelial cells. Laminin 5 undergoes extracellular proteolysis of the gamma2 chain that removes the NH(2)-terminal short arm of the polypeptide and reduces the size of laminin 5 from 440 to 400 kD. The functional consequence of this event remains obscure, although lines of evidence indicate that cleavage of the gamma2 chain potently stimulated scattering and migration of keratinocytes and cancer cells. To define the biological role of the gamma2 chain short arm, we expressed mutated gamma2 cDNAs into immortalized gamma2-null keratinocytes. By immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical studies, cell detachment, and adhesion assays, we found that the gamma2 short arm drives deposition of laminin 5 into the extracellular matrix (ECM) and sustains cell adhesion. Our results demonstrate that the unprocessed 440-kD form of laminin 5 is a biologically active adhesion ligand, and that the gamma2 globular domain IV is involved in intermolecular interactions that mediate integration of laminin 5 in the ECM and cell attachment.
Skin penetration of vitamins C and E (1989)

The skin penetration profile of vitamin C determined by a HPLC assay procedure agreed approximately with that determined by liquid scintillation counting using the radiolabeled vitamin. This finding indicates that only a small amount of vitamin C is bioconverted to its metabolites in the hairless mouse skin. However, the lag time in the penetration profile assayed by HPLC was appreciably shorter than that determined by radioactivity counting. This finding suggests that the tissue vitamin C distributed initially either endogenously or exogenously might diffuse into the receptor solution during the transient period of penetration. The penetration profile of vitamin E determined by HPLC differed markedly from that determined by radioactivity counting
Variance Reduction for Policy Gradient with Action-Dependent Factorized Baselines (2018)

Policy gradient methods have enjoyed great success in deep reinforcement learning but suffer from high variance of gradient estimates. The high variance problem is particularly exasperated in problems with long horizons or high-dimensional action spaces. To mitigate this issue, we derive a bias-free action-dependent baseline for variance reduction which fully exploits the structural form of the stochastic policy itself and does not make any additional assumptions about the MDP. We demonstrate and quantify the benefit of the action-dependent baseline through both theoretical analysis as well as numerical results, including an analysis of the suboptimality of the optimal state-dependent baseline. The result is a computationally efficient policy gradient algorithm, which scales to high-dimensional control problems, as demonstrated by a synthetic 2000-dimensional target matching task. Our experimental results indicate that action-dependent baselines allow for faster learning on standard reinforcement learning benchmarks and high-dimensional hand manipulation and synthetic tasks. Finally, we show that the general idea of including additional information in baselines for improved variance reduction can be extended to partially observed and multi-agent tasks.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Angiogenesis in Mechanically Viable Prevascularized Tissues via Early Matrix Metalloproteinase Upregulation (2006)

Angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, is a complex biological process of interest to both the treatment of numerous pathologies and the creation of thick engineered tissues. In the context of tissue engineering, one potential solution to the diffusion limitation is to create a vascular network in vitro that can subsequently anastomose with the host after implantation, allowing the implantation of thicker, more complex tissues. In this study, the ability of endothelial cells to sprout and form stable vascular networks in 3-dimensional (3D) fibrin matrices was investigated as a function of matrix density in a prevascularized tissue model. The results demonstrate that while increasing matrix density leads to a nearly 7-fold increase in compressive stiffness, vascular sprouting is virtually eliminated in the most dense matrix condition. However, the addition of human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) to the denser matrices reverses this effect, resulting in an up to a 7-fold increase in network formation. Although the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2, MMP-9, and MT1-MMP are all upregulated early on with the addition of HMSCs, MT1-MMP appears to play a particularly important role in the observed angiogenic response among these proteases. This study provides a means to design stiffer prevascularized tissues utilizing naturally derived substrates, and its results may yield new mechanistic insights into stem cell-based angiogenic therapies.
Evolution of CO (2011)

It is analyzed the evolution of CO2 emissions from domestic freight transport from 1985 to 2009 in China. A time series analysis is applied based on the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) technique to disassemble the total CO2 emissions growth from domestic freight transport into five driving factors: economic activity, population, modal share, freight transport intensity and freight transport CO2 emission factor. The results suggest that rapid growth of economic activity is the most important driving factor for the increased CO2 emissions which account for 59% of the total positive effects, and that modal share change contributes significantly to emission increase by 23%, whereas population increase is responsible for the 8%. The inhibitory effects of freight transport CO2 emissions growth are 55% from the improvement of freight transport intensity, and 45% from the change of freight transport CO2 emission factor. However, these effects are too small to offset the whole increase.
Life Weather Index Monitoring System using Wearable based Smart Cap (2009)

스마트 의류가 고객 중심으로 다변화 되어가는 생활환경 속에서 날씨정보를 제공하는 것은 서비스 전략의 중요한 성공요소가 되고 있다. 최근에는 스마트 의류의 다양한 어플리케이션이 연구자와 개발자에 의해 제시되고 있다. 그 중 센서 기반의 스마트 의류는 시장에서 가장 수요가 높을 것으로 기대된다. 본 논문에서는 웨어러블 기반의 스마트 모자를 이용한 생활기상지수 모니터링 시스템을 제안하였다. 제안된 스마트 모자를 착용하여, 기상상태를 수집하고 신호를 UMPC로 무선 전송되어 이를 실시간으로 모니터링 할 수 있도록 고안하였다. 센서에 따른 생활기상지수를 제공하기 위해서, 기상지수를 6가지 요소(열지수, 식중독지수, 불쾌지수, 자외선지수, 체감온도지수, 동파가능지수)에 따라 분석하였다. 생활기상지수 모니터링 시스템을 개발하여 논리적 타당성과 유효성을 검증하기 위해 실험적인 적용을 시도하고자 한다. 따라서 스마트 의류에서 서비스의 만족도와 질을 향상시켰다. It is important for the strategy of service to provide the weather information in the environment that the smart clothing has been changed focusing on the consumer center. Recently, the various applications of smart clothing concept have been presented by researchers and developers. Among them, the smart clothing based on the sensors is most likely to gain the highest demand rate in the market. In this paper, we proposed the life weather index monitoring system using the wearable based smart cap. By wearing the proposed smart cap, the weather status is gathered and its signals are transmitted to the connected UMPC. It can be easily monitored in real time. To provide the life weather index according to the sensors, the weather index was analyzed in terms of 6 factors, such as, the heat index, the food poisoning index, the discomfort index, the ultraviolet index, the water pipe freeze possibility index, and the windchill temperature index. Ultimately, this paper suggests empirical application to verify the adequacy and the validity with the life weather index monitoring system. Accordingly, the satisfaction and the quality of services will be improved the smart clothing.
GABAA Receptor α Subunits Differentially Contribute to Diazepam Tolerance after Chronic Treatment (2012)

OUR DATA INDICATE THAT: (i) GABA(A)-α(2)/α(3) subtype selective drugs might not induce tolerance; (ii) in rodents quantitative and temporal variations in tolerance development occur dependent on the endpoint assessed, consistent with clinical experience with benzodiazepines (e.g., differential tolerance to antiepileptic and anxiolytic actions); (iii) tolerance to diazepam's sedative actions needs concomitant activation of GABA(A)-α(1)/GABA(A)-α(5) receptors. Regarding mechanism, in-situ hybridization studies indicated no gross changes in expression levels of GABA(A) α(1), α(2) or α(5) subunit mRNA in hippocampus or cortex. Since selective chronic activation of either GABA(A) α(2), or α(3) receptors does not engender tolerance development, subtype-selective GABA(A) drugs might constitute a promising class of novel drugs.
Saltiness Enhancement by Savory Aroma Compounds (2011)

The food industry is under high pressure to significantly reduce the salt levels in their products. This study shows that it is possible to compensate salt reduction in instant bouillons by higher levels of savory aroma. A combination of potassium chloride based salt replacer and extra aroma was found to compensate approximately 30% sodium reduction without significant change of the flavor profile.
An action spectrum for 8-MOP induced sunburn cells in mammalian epidermis (1981)

The histological change known as individual cell shrinkage necrosis (so-called "sunburn cell' in mammalian epidermis) would seem to be suitable for quantitative morphological studies on the effect of psoralen treatment and near UV irradiation. The number of sunburn cells per unit length of epidermis versus varying doses of narrow waveband UVR, 305-375 nm, has been studied and an action spectrum constructed which has maximal activity at 320-335 nm. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Handover Measurement in Mobile Cellular Networks: Analysis and Applications to LTE (2011)

This paper deals with the handover measurement in cellular networks. The work is dedicated to network modeling and performance evaluation. The exposition concentrates on temporal evolution of the scanning process with key events: (i) a suitable handover target found, (ii) call drop or service failure, and (iii) scan withdrawal. By observations on the stochastic properties of best signal quality and minimum-duration outage, we determine the probability of the key elements and provide a generalized framework for network design and analysis such as in scanning failure probability and target cell expected quality. Results obtained with LTE have also shown its effectiveness.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid-Conjugated PLGA Nanoparticles: A Nanomedicine Approach to Treat Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer (2013)

T-PLGA-NPs have high potential as anticancer agents, with possible applications in the treatment of drug-resistant cancer.
Mutations in VP0 and 2C Proteins of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 3 Attenuate Viral Infection and Virulence (2019)

Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) is prevalent worldwide and has caused significant economic losses. As the predominant serotype in China, DHAV-3 has become a major challenge to the local duck industry. Here the genetics and pathogenesis of a virulent DHAV-3 strain and its embryo-passaged strain were assessed. There were only two amino acid substitutions (Y164N in VP0 protein and L71I in 2C protein) introduced during the adaptation process. The pathogenicity of these strains was further evaluated in vivo. Clinical signs, gross pathology, and histopathological analysis showed that the embryo-passaged strain was attenuated. Meanwhile, the viral RNA loads were significantly lower in the liver tissues of the ducklings infected with the attenuated strain. As expected, infection with the virulent and attenuated strains led to the activation of different innate immune genes. We suspected that the loss of replication efficiency in ducklings was responsible for the attenuation phenotype of the embryo-passaged strain. In addition, different innate immune responses in the liver of ducklings were at least partly responsible for the differential infectivity phenotype. These findings provide new insights into the genetics and pathogenesis of DHAV-3, which may aid the development of new vaccines and the implementation of immunization strategies.
<p>Issues with Intravitreal Administration of Anti-VEGF Drugs</p> (2020)

The risks of deposits from syringes in the eye can be significantly reduced by various optimizations in transport, storage and syringe and cannula selection.
Preparation and Characterization of Pulsed Laser Deposited HTSC Films (1990)

High Tc superconductor films were prepared by laser deposition. Epitaxial YBaCuO films with high critical current density are obtained for a uniform laser beam energy density of about 4 J/cm2, a substrate temperature above 730°C and an oxygen pressure of 0.3 to 0.5 mbar. Using identical parameters, LaA103 interlayers grow epitaxially on the YBaCuO films and can therefore be used as insulating layers in multi-layer structures. For the Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO system, both the 80 K and the 110 K phase can be prepared in-situ with inductively measured 111's of 77 K and 80 K, respectively. A subsequent annealing step improves these values. For the 110 K phase a Tc(R = 0) of 98 K was obtained. Whereas the critical current densities in the Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO films must still be improved, the epitaxial YBaCuO films show high critical current densities as 5 x 106 A/cm2 at 77 K and zero field or 5 x 107 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 7 T (for the magnetic field in the film plane). The critical current densities are affected by defects introduced by ion irradiation.
Estimation of operation mode from the clamping force variation of injection molding machine (Application of big data from the injection molding machine under a production) (2017)

This article suggests the machine operation mode can be estimated from sensors attached to the machine in the production line. An injection molding machine (IMM), which is widely operated in the plastics industry, was used in this research within an actual production line. Four strain sensors were attached to the IMM to measure the clamping force in each production cycle. Auto or semi-auto mode was estimated from the clamping force sequence. Auto mode is continuous production by the machine itself, while semi-auto mode involves intermittent human operation and includes such functions as machine start, machine finish, and trouble shooting. Approximately 340000 cycle data were obtained in 10-week production. The changing value was calculated by the binomial filter statistical technique, as well as the differencing of time series data from the clamping force in each cycle. And the relationship between changing value and operation mode is evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) calculated from the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). As a result, we obtained that AUC value was 0.86 from 10-week production data, which means operation mode can be estimated from the changing value of clamping force in a high level. This estimating method has a low computational cost; therefore it is easy to install on a machine's board control system. We expect that this method will be used to detect the defective product, the machine malfunction or the mold failure.
Regulators Of Angiogenesis (1991)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Electrically controlled magnetic switching based on graphene-magnet composite structures (2010)

A nonvolatile magnetic switch is proposed by utilizing the unique properties of graphene-ferromagnet composite structures. The basic mechanism relies on the role of graphene in mediating and modulating the effective exchange bias between adjacent magnetic layers, which can lead to electrically controlled rotation of magnetic bits. Readout of magnetization states is also achieved electrically through the magnetoresistance effect in the graphene channel. The proposed switch can be used to realize both the memory and programmable logic elements. Theoretical estimates illustrate the feasibility of the concept as well as its potential advantage of low power consumption (∼10−19 J) for the intrinsic switching operation.
Two Factor Authentication Using Smartphone Generated One Time Password (2013)

This paper explains a method of how the two factor authentication implemented using SMS OTP or OTP generated by Smartphone-One Time Password to secure user accounts. The proposed method guarantees authenticating online banking features are secured also this method can be useful for e-shopping & ATM machines. The proposed system involves generating and delivering a One Time Password to mobile phone. Smartphone can be used as token for creating OTP or OTP can be send to mobile phone in form of SMS. The generated OTP is valid for only for short period of time and it is generated and verified using Secured Cryptographic Algorithm. The proposed system has been implemented and tested successfully.
Acute Treatments: Some Blind Alleys (2001)

The introduction of sumatriptan, a selective 5-HT(1B/1D) agonist, for the treatment of migraine sparked a new era of drug research in this field. Many novel targets have since been developed, and tested in the clinic. The promise of these approaches is to deliver an anti-migraine compound with the optimal efficacy and safety profile. In this chapter, blind alleys in anti-migraine development are discussed. The failing soldiers have included the NK-1 antagonists, some second-generation 5-HT(1B/1D) agonists, CP-122,288, 4991W93, the neurosteroid ganaxolone, selective 5-HT(1F) (LY334370) and 5-HT(1D) agonists (PNU-142,633), and the endothelin-1 antagonist bosentan. Some of these promising targets failed to demonstrate clinical efficacy, while others were stopped for preclinical toxicity.
Isostatic Strength of Porous Cordierite Ceramic Monoliths (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The isostatic strength of porous cordierite ceramic monoliths plays an important role during canning and subsequent operation of automotive catalysts. Its value depends on wall porosity, cell geometry, skin thickness and morphology, monolith size and contour, and substrate/washcoat interaction. If the stresses induced by canning loads and closure speeds exceed the isostatic strength, the monolith may exhibit either crushing or shear type failure.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents the room temperature isostatic strength data for coated and uncoated ceramic monoliths of different contour, size, and cell geometry. The applied isostatic load on the monolith is translated into stresses in the porous cell wall using both an analytical model and finite element analysis. It is found that the failure criteria are governed by the fundamental tensile and compressive strengths of the cell wall. The addition of alumina washcoat increases the isostatic strength as long as the substrate/washcoat interaction is carefully controlled during the coating process. The higher isostatic strength of coated monoliths facilitates the canning process and permits higher holding pressure, thereby enhancing their physical durability over the specified lifetime of the vehicle.</div>