gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring Outcome Measures for Exercise Intervention in People with Parkinson’s Disease (2013)

Background. It is widely believed that exercise improves mobility in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is difficult to determine whether a specific type of exercise is the most effective. The purpose of this study was to determine which outcome measures were sensitive to exercise intervention and to explore the effects of two different exercise programs for improving mobility in patients with PD. Methods. Participants were randomized into either the Agility Boot Camp (ABC) or treadmill training; 4x/week for 4 weeks. Outcome measures were grouped by the International Classification of Function/Disability (ICF). To determine the responsiveness to exercise, we calculated the standardized response means. t-tests were used to compare the relative benefits of each exercise program. Results. Four of five variables at the structure/function level changed after exercise: turn duration (P = 0.03), stride velocity (P = 0.001), peak arm speed (P = 0.001), and horizontal trunk ROM during gait (P = 0.02). Most measures improved similarly for both interventions. The only variable that detected a difference between groups was postural sway in ABC group (F = 4.95; P = 0.03). Conclusion. Outcome measures at ICF body structure/function level were most effective at detecting change after exercise and revealing differences in improvement between interventions.
Factors Affecting Adhesion of Coating to Poultry Skin: Effects of Various Protein and Gum Sources in the Coating Composition (1981)

ABSTRACT Breading losses from poor adhesion of coating to food products is a major concern in the battered and breaded foods industry. The primary aim of this study was to determine effects of protein and gum sources and amounts on the adhesion of a commercial breading mix to poultry skin. Protein sources used were whey, soy, nonfat dry milk, egg albumen, and gelatin. Gum sources were sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), guar, tragacanth, and xanthan. Among the proteins, gelatin and egg albumen most effectively improved adhesion. For all gums studied, only CMC was significantly better at improving adhesion. Increased levels of gums and proteins in breading did not affect adhesion significantly.
Bubble Point Pressure and Oil Formation Volume Factor Correlations (1999)

Abstract This paper evaluates published correlations and neural network models for bubble point pressure and oil formation volume factor for accuracy and flexibility to represent hydrocarbon mixtures from different geographical locations worldwide. The study presents a new correlation for bubble point pressure based on global data with improvement in performance over published correlations. It also presents new neural network models and compares their performance to numerical correlations. The evaluation examines the performance of correlations with original published coefficients and with coefficients calculated based on global data, data from a specific geographical locations, and data for a limited oil gravity range. The evaluation of each coefficient class includes geographical and oil gravity grouping analysis. The results show that the classification of correlation models as most accurate for a specific geographical area is invalid to be used for these two fluid properties. Statistical and trend performance analysis shows that some of the correlations are violating the physical behavior of hydrocarbon fluid properties. Published neural network models are missing major model parameters to reproduce. New developed models performed better, but suffer from stability and trend problems.
Simultaneous Measurements and Modeling of the Electrochemical Impedance and the Cyclic Voltammetric Characteristics of Graphite Electrodes Doped with Lithium (1997)

Slow scan rate cyclic voltammetry (CV) and highly resolved (with respect to potential) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been applied for lithiated graphite electrodes of different thicknesses. The impedance spectra have been successfully modeled for the whole range of intercalation potentials, using a combination of a Voigt-type equivalent circuit analog and the Frumkin and Melik-Gaykazyan (FMG) model. The Voigt-type analog, which is a series combination of R||C circuits, models the Li ion migration through the surface films covering the graphite particles. The FMG model combines a finite-length Warburg element, which reflects solid state Li diffusion in the graphite particles in series with capacitance that reflects the bulk capacity of the graphite particles (doped with intercalated lithium). The highly anisotropic nature of the graphite particles predetermines different extensive properties, including their charge transfer resistance and the parameters of the finite-length Warburg. The application of small-amplitude EIS and slow scan rate CV to very thin graphite electrodes (micronic and submicronic thicknesses) enabled us to obtain a good separation of the various processes which take place along the intercalation reaction path (e.g., Li+ migration through the passivating surface films, solid state diffusion of Li ion in graphite, electron migration across the boundaries of the graphite particles partly covered by the passivating films, interfacial charge transfer, accumulation−consumption of Li into graphite, and phase transition). The application of an electroanalytical model based on a Frumkin-type adsorption isotherm complicated with a slow charge transfer for the voltammetric behavior of these electrodes at slow scan rates is discussed.
Controlled-release of opioids for improved pain management (2016)

The adequate treatment of pain remains one of the major medical challenges. Morphine and other opioid drugs are most commonly used to counteract moderate to severe pain, but they are also increasingly accessed by patients with chronic non-malignant pain. To achieve long-term analgesia, opioid therapy still represents the standard treatment for chronic pain alleviation. This work presents an overview of current strategies aiming at controlled opioid release. Two important, and intrinsically linked, features are discussed in detail: the used formulations (i.e. polymer systems) and the applied drug administration routes. The different administration routes and their associated advantages and limitations are described. Links between the chemical structure of commonly used opioids and suited administration modes and formulations are made. This review can potentially give insight into new opportunities for adequate relief of chronic pain, a societal burden, by means of alternative (non-)opioid analgesics and may serve as inspiration for future developments in this area.
Micromachined piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer based on dome-shaped diaphragm supported by flat square diaphragm (2016)

This paper reports a microfabricated ultrasonic transducer based on a piezoelectrically actuated dome-shaped diaphragm supported at the center of a flat square diaphragm. The dome-shaped diaphragm is fabricated by silicon isotropic wet etching while the whole diaphragm including the flat square diaphragm is released by KOH etching with a novel dicing-based front-to-back alignment method. Shadow masks are used for patterned film depositions on 3D dome diaphragm. With 30 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> drive voltage, the transducer produces sound pressure level (SPL) as high as 88.21 dB between 10 and 40 kHz when measured at 5 mm away in an open field. The linearity of the sound output as a function of input voltage is measured to be very good. In addition, post-process laser cutting was utilized to form a cantilever-like diaphragm structure, which boosted the maximum SPL to 95.12 dB without degrading the linearity.
H4(D10S170), a gene frequently rearranged in papillary thyroid carcinoma, is fused to the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β gene in atypical chronic myeloid leukemia with t(5;10)(q33;q22) (2001)

The molecular cloning of the t(5;10)(q33;q22) associated with atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is reported. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Southern blot, and reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the translocation resulted in an H4/platelet-derived growth factor receptor betaR (PDGFbetaR) fusion transcript that incorporated 5' sequences from H4 fused in frame to 3' PDGFbetaR sequences encoding the transmembrane, WW-like, and tyrosine kinase domains. FISH combined with immunophenotype analysis showed that t(5;10)(q33;q22) was present in CD13(+) and CD14(+) cells but was not observed in CD3(+) or CD19(+) cells. H4 has previously been implicated in pathogenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma as a fusion partner of RET. The H4/RET fusion incorporates 101 amino acids of H4, predicted to encode a leucine zipper dimerization domain, whereas the H4/PDGFbetaR fusion incorporated an additional 267 amino acids of H4. Retroviral transduction of H4/PDGFbetaR, but not a kinase-inactive mutant, conferred factor-independent growth to Ba/F3 cells and caused a T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in a murine bone marrow transplantation assay of transformation. Mutational analysis showed that the amino-terminal H4 leucine zipper domain (amino acids 55-93), as well as H4 amino acids 101 to 386, was required for efficient induction of factor-independent growth of Ba/F3 cells. Tryptophan-to-alanine substitutions in the PDGFbetaR WW-like domain at positions 566/593, or tyrosine-to-phenylalanine substitutions at PDGFbetaR positions 579/581 impaired factor-independent growth of Ba/F3 cells. H4/PDGFbetaR is an oncoprotein expressed in t(5;10)(q33;q22) atypical CML and requires dimerization motifs in the H4 moiety, as well as residues implicated in signal transduction by PDGFbetaR, for efficient induction of factor-independent growth of Ba/F3 cells. (Blood. 2001;97:3910-3918)
Self basis selection in a finite set (2004)

Our work on basis selection is motivated by a sensor selection problem for interference cancellation in digital communication. Given a set of n vectors in R/sup m/ we wish to find a subset of m vectors that are good "predictors" for the complementary set. We consider two criteria of goodness, one leads to requiring that the least-squares expansion coefficients of the complementary set be bounded by one, the other leads to maximizing the determinant of the selected subset. Exhaustive search requires checking all n choose m possible subsets. We present a low-complexity iterative selection algorithm, and examine its worst loss with respect to the optimum solution under both goodness criteria. We show that with linear complexity in n the proposed algorithm achieves the bounded coefficients criterion, while the determinant of the selected set is at most m/sup m/2/ below the true maximum determinant.
Orthopedic wear debris mediated inflammatory osteolysis is mediated in part by NALP3 inflammasome activation (2012)

Activation of myeloid cells by orthopedic particulate debris is a key event in the pathogenesis of periprosthetic osteolysis and implant loosening after total joint replacement (TJR). Several lines of evidence implicate NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NALP3) inflammasome-mediated production of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in the pathogenesis of clinical disorders ascribable to foreign particulate materials, including asbestos, silica, and urate crystals. Recent reports indicate that orthopedic polymer products and metallic particulates and ions may activate the same pathway. Here, we investigated the contribution of the NALP3 inflammasome to the pathogenesis of peri-implant osteolysis. Pharmaceutical and genetic perturbations of caspase-1 and inflammasome components were used to assess the role of the NALP3 inflammasome in IL-1β production and osteoclast formation by human monocytes and mouse macrophages in response to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particle phagocytosis. The role of caspase-1 in a mouse calvarial model of particle-mediated osteolysis was assessed using µCT. Phagocytosis of PMMA particles induces caspase-1 dependent release of IL-1β from human monocytes and mouse macrophages. Importantly, using macrophages from mice deficient in components of the NALP3 inflammasome, we show PMMA-induced IL-1β production is strictly dependent on these components. Mice lacking caspase-1, the sole effector of the NALP3 inflammasome, show reduced orthopedic wear particle-induced calvarial osteolysis compared to wild-type controls. Absence of NALP3 inflammasome components fails to alter osteoclast formation in vitro. Our findings identify the NALP3 inflammasome as a critical mediator of orthopedic wear-induced osteolysis and as a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of periprosthetic osteolysis.
Inhibitory Effects of Morinda officinalis Extract on Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats (2009)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effects of ethanol extract from the root of Morinda Officinalis (RMO) on ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Administration of RMO extract increased trabecular bone mineral content and bone mineral density of tibia, improved the levels of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and OPG, decreased the levels of DPD/Cr, TRAP, ACTH and corticosterone, but did not reverse the levels of ALP, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in serum of ovariectomized rats. These findings demonstrated that RMO extract reduced bone loss in ovariectomized rats, probably via the inhibition of bone resorption, but was not involved with bone formation. Anthraquinones and polysaccharides from Morinda officinals could be responsible for their antiosteoporotic activity, and the action mechanism of these constituents needs to be further studied. Therefore, RMO has the potential to develop a clinically useful antiosteoporotic agent.
The Scull Auction and the Scull Film (1979)

On the evening of October 18, 1973, at Sotheby Parke Bernet, taxi-fleet owner Robert C. Scull sold 50 works from his well-known collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture. The sale brought record prices for works by living artists and earned a total of $2,242,900. Jasper Johns' Double White Map, which Scull bought around 1965 for $10,200, brought the highest price of the evening, $240,000 from dealer Ben Heller, who that summer had sold Jackson Pollock's Blue Poles to the Australian National Gallery for $2,000,000. The auction raised issues of substance about the practice and exchange of art, and brought demonstrators and street theater to the entrance of Sotheby Parke Bernet. Outraged by the implications of the sale, Barbara Rose titled her stinging report of the auction in New York Magazine “Profit Without Honor.”1
The Arnold Arboretum During the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1934 (1934)

34 was the worst ever experienced in the Arboretum.Beginning as early as December 29th, 1933 the thermometer went as low as 17 below zero.The maximum that day was 4 below.The latter part of January, the thermometer was 2 below with no snow on the ground and heavy winds.From February 7th to 10th the temperature varied from 2 below to 18 below.Practically no snow fell until February first.These variable conditions caused untold injuries to trees and shrubs, killing flower buds and some plants to the grounds.From early spring to June, considerable time was spent in pruning out dead wood and cutting plants to the ground.Four hundred and ninety-nine plants were added to the Arboretum collections.Two hundred and ninety-one plants were transferred from the Arboretum nursery to South Street Nursery.During the year, 1712 packages of seed were sent out, 616 in United States and 1096 to 21 foreign countries, 2358 plants and 422 varieties of scions and cuttings.There were received from U. S. and other countries 1105 packages of seed, 1286 plants and 35 cuttings and scions.-V.5.Pathological Laboratory.-TheArboretum's research laboratory in Plant Pathology submits its report for 1933-4, dealing in order with its herbarium, extension services and investigative activities.The herbarium is essentially restricted to reference collections used in the study of diseases of trees and shrubs.These illustrate symptoms and effects of diseases, causal organisms, and injuries that result from unfavorable physical and chemical environmental factors.Much material has been added during the year.Some specimens have come from correspondents asking for diagnoses, some from other herbaria by way of gifts or exchanges, and many have been collected by members of the staff.Besides exceptionally important local contributions, valuable accessions have come from Japan, Leningrad, Jamaica, the Canal Zone and the Republic of Panama.Attention should again be called to the fact that adequate space for the pathological herbarium has never been provided, and that such as there is has been completely outgrown.Indeed, more than a year-ago it was necessary to.store elsewhere with crippling effect an entire section involving several thousand numbers.
Small-angle fibre diffraction studies of corneal matrix structure: a depth-profiled investigation of the human eye-bank cornea (2007)

In the cornea of the eye light transmission is facilitated by the regular arrangement and uniform diameter of collagen fibrils that constitute the bulk of the extracellular corneal matrix. Matrix architecture, in turn, is believed to be governed by interactions between collagen fibrils and proteoglycan molecules modified with sulfated glycosaminoglycan side chains. Here, we outline the contribution made by small-angle X-ray scattering studies of the cornea in understanding the role of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the control of collagen architecture in cornea, and present new depth-profiled microbeam data from swollen human eye-bank corneas that indicate no significant change in collagen fibril diameter throughout the tissue, but a lower collagen interfibrillar spacing in the anterior-most stromal regions compared with the ultrastructure of the deeper cornea.
Polymerization-based signal amplification under ambient conditions with thirty-five second reaction times (2012)

Although polymerization-based amplification (PBA) has demonstrated promise as an inexpensive technique for use in molecular diagnostics, oxygen inhibition of radical photopolymerization has hindered its implementation in point-of-care devices. The addition of 0.3-0.7 μM eosin to an aqueous acrylate monomer solution containing a tertiary amine allows an interfacial polymerization reaction to proceed in air only near regions of a test surface where additional eosin initiators coupled to proteins have been localized as a function of molecular recognition events. The dose of light required for the reaction is inversely related to eosin concentration. This system achieves sensitivities comparable to those reported for inert gas-purged systems and requires significantly shorter reaction times. We provide several comparisons of this system with other implementations of polymerization-based amplification.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Magnetic Fe<sub><b>3</b></sub>O<sub><b>4</b></sub>/SiO<sub><b>2</b></sub>/TiO<sub><b>2</b></sub>Composites (2012)

A simple sol-gel method was used to prepare magnetic Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /TiO 2 composites with core-shell structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been applied to investigate the structure and morphology of the resultant composites. The obtained composites showed excellent magnetism and higher photodegradation ability than pure TiO 2 . The photocatalytic mechanism was also discussed. The magnetic composites should be extended to various potential applications, such as photodegradation, catalysis, separation, and purification processes.
Effect of cytokinins supplied via the xylem at multiples of endogenous concentrations on transpiration and senescence in derooted seedlings of oat and wheat (1996)

ABSTRACT This study was conducted lo determine whether naturally occurring xylem cytokinins, when supplied to leaves via the xylem at approximately endogenous concentrations, increase transpiration and delay senescence in selected monocot species (oat and wheat). The concentrations of some of the major cytokinins (zeatin, dihydrozeatin, ciszeatin and their ribosides, the O‐glucosides and nucleotides) were determined in the xylem exudate of oat and wheat seedlings by radioimmunoassay. Evidence is presented that the small volume of exudate (4–5 mm 3 ) collected per plant was xylem sap in transit at the time of shoot excision. Using the data on cytokinin levels, the individual bases and ribosides (and a base/riboside mixture), at multiples of concentrations determined in xylem sap, were tested in transpiration and senescence bioassays. The individual O‐glucosides (and mixtures of the O‐glucosides) were similarly tested at (i) multiples of the molar concentrations of the corresponding bases and ribosides, and/or at (ii) multiples of the endogenous concentrations. Similarly, zeatin and dihydrozeatin nucleotides were tested at multiples of the molar concentration of zeatin riboside and, in some instances, at multiples of endogenous concentrations. Our results suggest that, at least in oat and possibly in wheat, zeatin‐type bases, ribosides and O‐glucosides supplied to the leaf in xylem sap are likely to play a role in regulating transpiration in vivo . O‐glucosides in oat xylem sap may be important regulators of leaf senescence in the intact plant. The nucleotides were present in xylem sap at lower concentrations than most of the bases, ribosides and O‐glucosides. The nucleotides appear likely to play a lesser role than the bases, riboside and O‐glucosidcs in controlling transpiration and senescence in the intact plant.
Production and Rooting of Shoots in Bioreactor Culture of Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel (2000)

This study was carried out to know the factors affecting on shoot formation and rooting for stable and routine production of plantlets in bioreactor culture of Scrophularia buergeriana. Multiple shoots were formed effectively when explants were transplanted on the MS media with decreased concentration of as 413mg/ l . Three hundred stem explants (0.8-1.0cm) was appeared as proper inoculation size in bioreactor culture. IBA (0.05mg/L) was more effective for rooting of the shoots in liquid as well as solid media. Six weeks long culture of explants in bioreactor gave better shoot shape for rooting on solid half-strength MS media.
Aβ42 oligomers modulate β-secretase through an XBP-1s-dependent pathway involving HRD1 (2016)

The aspartyl protease β-site APP cleaving enzyme, BACE1, is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the production of amyloid-β peptide, which accumulates in both sporadic and familial cases of Alzheimer's disease and is at the center of gravity of the amyloid cascade hypothesis. In this context, unravelling the molecular mechanisms controlling BACE1 expression and activity in both physiological and pathological conditions remains of major importance. We previously demonstrated that Aβ controlled BACE1 transcription in an NFκB-dependent manner. Here, we delineate an additional cellular pathway by which natural and synthetic Aβ42 oligomers enhance active X-box binding protein XBP-1s. XBP-1s lowers BACE1 expression and activity indirectly, via the up-regulation of the ubiquitin-ligase HRD1 that acts as an endogenous down-regulator of BACE1. Thus, we delineate a novel pathway by which cells could compensate for Aβ42 oligomers production and thus, associated toxicity, by triggering a compensatory mechanism aimed at lowering BACE-1-mediated Aβ production by a molecular cascade involving XBP-1s and HRD1. It thus identifies HRD1 as a potential target for a novel Aβ-centered therapeutic strategy.