gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure Enhances Endothelin-1 Release From Cultured Human Endothelial Cells (1995)

Abstract The effect of pure pressure without shear stress or stretch on the release of endothelin-1 was investigated. Elevation of pressure significantly enhanced endothelin-1 release from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. A calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, and a putative stretch-activated channel blocker, gadolinium, did not affect the pressure-induced endothelin-1 increase. On the other hand, a phospholipase C inhibitor, 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl- N , N -diphenylcarbamate, and protein kinase C inhibitors, 1-5-(isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine and chelerythrine, significantly inhibited the pressure-induced endothelin-1 increase. Moreover, pure pressure reduced basal nitric oxide release, while pretreatment with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N G -monomethyl- l -arginine, had no effect on the pressure-induced endothelin-1 increase. In conclusion, our results show for the first time that pressure enhances endothelin-1 release partially through activation of phospholipase C and protein kinase C in human endothelial cells.
The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO <sub>2</sub> from 1994 to 2007 (2019)

We quantify the oceanic sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) over the period 1994 to 2007 by using observations from the global repeat hydrography program and contrasting them to observations from the 1990s. Using a linear regression-based method, we find a global increase in the anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> inventory of 34 ± 4 petagrams of carbon (Pg C) between 1994 and 2007. This is equivalent to an average uptake rate of 2.6 ± 0.3 Pg C year<sup>-1</sup> and represents 31 ± 4% of the global anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions over this period. Although this global ocean sink estimate is consistent with the expectation of the ocean uptake having increased in proportion to the rise in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, substantial regional differences in storage rate are found, likely owing to climate variability-driven changes in ocean circulation.
Role of oxygen radicals in experimental allergic uveitis. (1987)

The experimental autoimmune disease elicited by a large dose of retinal S antigen in guinea pigs is characterized by massive necrotizing uveitis and retinitis. Treatment of these animals with the antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase, and sodium benzoate resulted in marked reduction of uveal inflammation. The attenuated inflammation was characterized by a relatively well-preserved retina and retinal pigment epithelium along with a reduction of subretinal exudate and vitreous inflammation. These findings suggest that reactive oxygen metabolites may play a role in the destruction of ocular tissue and amplification of the inflammatory process in experimental uveitis.
Association between two µ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) haplotype blocks and drug or alcohol dependence (2006)

We examined 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the coding region of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1), among 382 European Americans (EAs) affected with substance dependence [alcohol dependence (AD) and/or drug dependence (DD)] and 338 EA healthy controls. These SNPs delineated two haplotype blocks. Genotype distributions for all SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in controls, but in cases, four SNPs in Block I and three SNPs in Block II showed deviation from HWE. Significant differences were found between cases and controls in allele and/or genotype frequencies for six SNPs in Block I and two SNPs in Block II. Association of SNP4 in Block I with DD (allele: P=0.004), SNP5 in Block I with AD and DD (allele: P< or =0.005 for both) and two SNPs in Block II with AD (SNP11 genotype: P=0.002; SNP12 genotype: P=0.001) were significant after correction for multiple testing. Frequency distributions of haplotypes (constructed by five tag SNPs) differed significantly for cases and controls (P<0.001 for both AD and DD). Logistic regression analyses confirmed the association between OPRM1 variants and substance dependence, when sex and age of subjects and alleles, genotypes, haplotypes or diplotypes of five tag SNPs were considered. Population structure analyses excluded population stratification artifact. Additional supporting evidence for association between OPRM1 and AD was obtained in a smaller Russian sample (247 cases and 100 controls). These findings suggest that OPRM1 intronic variants play a role in susceptibility to AD and DD in populations of European ancestry.
AN ELEMENTAL OVERVIEW OF THE NONHOLONOMIC NOETHER THEOREM (2009)

Noether theorem plays a central role in linking symmetries and first integrals in Lagrangian mechanics. The situation is different in the nonholonomic context, but in the last decades there have been several extensions of Noether theorem to the nonholonomic setting. We provide an overview of this subject which is as elementary as possible.
Internet Traffic Behavior Profiling for Network Security Monitoring (2008)

Recent spates of cyber-attacks and frequent emergence of applications affecting Internet traffic dynamics have made it imperative to develop effective techniques that can extract, and make sense of, significant communication patterns from Internet traffic data for use in network operations and security management. In this paper, we present a general methodology for building comprehensive behavior profiles of Internet backbone traffic in terms of communication patterns of end-hosts and services. Relying on data mining and entropy-based techniques, the methodology consists of significant cluster extraction, automatic behavior classification and structural modeling for in-depth interpretive analyses. We validate the methodology using data sets from the core of the Internet.
Why do tagging systems work? (2006)

The panel will explore the relevance of the emerging tagging systems (Flickr, Del.icio.us, RawSugar and more). Why do they seem to work? What kinds of incentives are required for users to participate? Will tagging survive and scale to mass adoption? What are the behavioral, economic, and social models that underlie each tagging system? What are the dynamics of those systems, and how are they derived from the specific application's design and affordances?.We will demand answers to these questions and others from some of the pioneering practitioners and academics in the field. Bring your wireless laptop to participate in a live tagging experiment! The experiment results will be shown and discussed at the end of the panel. To add to the fun, parts of the discussion will be motivated by short video segments.
Nursing Practice and the Law (1956)

Journal Article Nursing Practice and the Law Get access Nursing Practice and the Law. By Milton J. Lesnik, Member of the Bar of New Jersey and District of Columbia; Lecturer in Law, Seton Hall University; Consultant to various nursing associations. Bernice E. Anderson, R.N., Ed.D., Associate Professor of Nursing Education, Teachers College, Columbia University; Chairman, American Nurses’ Association, Committee on Legislation; Member, Executive Committee of State Boards of Nursing; Member of Subcommittee on Preparation of Educational Standards to be used as a guide by State Boards. Second edition. Cloth; price $6.00. Pp. 400. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1955. Physical Therapy, Volume 36, Issue 6, 1 June 1956, Page 435, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/36.6.435 Published: 01 June 1956
Hexameric Supramolecular Scaffold Orients Carbohydrates To Sense Bacteria (2011)

Carbohydrates are integral to biological signaling networks and cell-cell interactions, yet the detection of discrete carbohydrate-lectin interactions remains difficult since binding is generally weak. A strategy to overcome this problem is to create multivalent sensors, where the avidity rather than the affinity of the interaction is important. Here we describe the development of a series of multivalent sensors that self-assemble via hydrophobic supramolecular interactions. The multivalent sensors are comprised of a fluorescent ruthenium(II) core surrounded by a heptamannosylated β-cyclodextrin scaffold. Two additional series of complexes were synthesized as proof-of-principle for supramolecular self-assembly, the fluorescent core alone and the core plus β-cyclodextrin. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed that the three mannosylated sensors displayed 14, 28, and 42 sugar units, respectively. Each complex adopted original and unique spatial arrangements. The sensors were used to investigate the influence of carbohydrate spatial arrangement and clustering on the mechanistic and qualitative properties of lectin binding. Simple visualization of binding between a fluorescent, multivalent mannose complex and the Escherichia coli strain ORN178 that possesses mannose-specific receptor sites illustrates the potential for these complexes as biosensors.
CODA-R: a reconfigurable testbed for real-time parallel computation (2002)

Recently the emergence of reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) has given rise to a new form of computing engine using a dynamically changing architecture of processing elements. One major benefit of using FPGAs is that different architectural variations can easily be tested and evaluated on real applications. The other benefit is that some functions can be compiled and directly executed by hardware to shorten the total execution time. These benefits can also be applied to a real-time system. We have developed a prototype reconfigurable real-time parallel system CODA-R. Its key feature is that reconfigurable processing elements or units are connected by a priority-based real-time network. In this paper, we provide the technical justification for a reconfigurable real-time parallel architecture and the architecture of CODA-R and discuss them and also present some preliminary evaluation results.
Nondisplaced fractures: spatial resolution requirements for detection with digital skeletal imaging. (1990)

Fifty-six radiographs of nondisplaced or minimally displaced fractures of the extremities and an equal number of studies with normal findings were selected and digitized to produce spatial resolution varying from 5.75 to 0.72 line pairs per millimeter (1p/mm), corresponding to pixel sizes ranging from 0.08 to 0.64 mm. The conventional and digitized images were evaluated by 10 radiologists, who gave their decision confidence on a graded scale. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed from these data to compare the digital images with the conventional radiographs. There was a progressive improvement in observer performance as the pixel size decreased. A pixel size greater than 0.16 mm (2.88 1p/mm) resulted in a significant loss of diagnostic accuracy in comparison with conventional radiographs. Specific fractures in which a larger pixel size adversely affected the evaluation included torus injuries, corner fractures in child abuse, minimal avulsion injuries, and fractures that demonstrated only trabecular disruption.
Why do People Retweet? Anti-Homophily Wins the Day! (2021)

Twitter and other microblogs have rapidly become a significant means by which people communicate with the world and each other in near realtime. There has been a large number of studies surrounding these social media, focusing on areas such as information spread, various centrality measures, topic detection and more. However, one area which has not received much attention is trying to better understand what information is being spread and why it is being spread. This work looks to get a better understanding of what makes people spread information in tweets or microblogs through the use of retweeting. Several retweet behavior models are presented and evaluated on a Twitter data set consisting of over 768,000 tweets gathered from monitoring over 30,000 users for a period of one month. We evaluate the proposed models against each user and show how people use different retweet behavior models. For example, we find that although users in the majority of cases do not retweet information on topics that they themselves Tweet about as or from people who are "like them" (hence anti-homophily), we do find that models which do take homophily, or similarity, into account fits the observed retweet behaviors much better than other more general models which do not take this into account. We further find that, not surprisingly, people's retweeting behavior is better explained through multiple different models rather than one model.
.gamma.-Halotiglates. I. Simple, efficient position-specific annelation of unsymmetrically substituted cyclohexanones (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.gamma.-Halotiglates. I. Simple, efficient position-specific annelation of unsymmetrically substituted cyclohexanonesPhilip L. Stotter and Kenneth A. HillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 20, 6524–6526Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00827a051RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views504Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (391 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of the immunocontraceptive potential of Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant dog ZP2 and ZP3 in a homologous animal model (2002)

Dog zona pellucida glycoprotein 2 (dZP2), excluding the N-terminal signal sequence and the C-terminal transmembrane-like domain, was cloned and expressed as a polyhistidine fusion protein in Escherichia coli to evaluate the immunocontraceptive efficacy of ZP glycoproteins. The recombinant dZP2 (rec-dZP2) revealed a 70 kDa band corresponding to the full length transcript, as well as several low molecular mass fragments in western blot analysis. In addition to rec-dZP2, E. coli expressed recombinant dog ZP glycoprotein 3 (rec-dZP3), which has also been evaluated for its efficacy to block fertility in a homologous system. Three groups of female dogs (n = 4 per group) were immunized with rec-dZP2 conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (rec-dZP2-DT), rec-dZP3 conjugated to DT (rec-dZP3-DT) and DT alone. Immunization of female dogs with rec-dZP2-DT and rec-dZP3-DT led to generation of antibodies against the respective ZP proteins as well as to DT. Subsequent to mating, the four female dogs immunized with rec-dZP2-DT all conceived, which is indicative of failure of the anti-rec-dZP2 antibodies to block fertility. In the group of dogs immunized with rec-dZP3-DT, three of four animals did not conceive when mated with males of proven fertility. The block in fertility was associated with anti-dZP3 antibody titres. Ovarian histopathology revealed that the block in fertility in the group immunized with rec-dZP3-DT is probably manifested by inhibition in the development of follicles and is due to atretic changes in the zona pellucida. These results, although preliminary, indicate that immunization with dZP3 may be a feasible proposition to control dog populations provided that adequate antibody titres are achieved.
Single photon source on demand based on single-colloidal-quantum-dot fluorescence in chiral photonic bandgap liquid crystal hosts (2007)

A single-photon source based on single CdSe quantum-dot fluorescence in a chiral-photonic-bandgap liquid-crystal host manifests itself in observed fluorescence antibunching. Chiral-photonic bandgap structures will provide deterministically handed, circular-polarized fluorescence, even for emitters without a dipole moment.
Depth of /spl gamma/-ray interaction within continuous crystals from the width of its scintillation light-distribution (2005)

We have studied a new and inexpensive method of measuring the depth of interaction (DOI) in /spl gamma/-ray detectors with large-sized scintillation crystals. This method takes advantage of the strong correlation between the width of the undisturbed light-distribution in continuous crystals and the /spl gamma/-ray's DOI. In order to quantify the dependence of the distribution's width with respect to the DOI, we first studied an analytical model of the light-distribution and tested it by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of the light transport inside the crystal. Further we present an inexpensive modification of the commonly used charge division circuit that allows analog and instantaneous computation of the light-distribution's second moment without affecting the determination of the centroid. This redesigned resistor network is based on the position-sensitive proportional counter (DPC) readout and allows, together with position sensitive photo-detectors, the additional measurement of the light-distribution's standard-deviation /spl sigma/. We tested the proposed circuit using the design-tool OrCAD and found the signal sufficiently large for digitalization. Finally, we conducted MC simulations of a realistic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) detector module setup that mimic a continuous Lu/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce/sup 3+/ (LSO) crystal of dimensions 40/spl times/40/spl times/10 mm/sup 3/ together with the new large area position-sensitive photo multiplier tube (PSPMT) H8500 from Hamamatsu. The influence of Compton scattering on the DOI determination was also estimated by MC simulations. Altogether, we obtained /spl les/ 5 mm DOI resolution. PACS: 87.57.Ce, 87.58.Fg, 87.62.+n, 07.85.-m.
Design of a tropical rain - Disaster alarm system: A new approach based on wireless sensor networks and acoustic rain rate measurements (2009)

This paper discusses the design of a broadband wireless network infrastructure which itself is a rain measurement platform for applications such as disaster alarm and sudden hazard decision management systems. A sensor testbed is setup which consists of a hybrid broadband wireless network in conjunction with real-time acoustic rain rate point sensors and complementary rain gauges. The testbed simulates the commercial deployment of a line-of-sight wireless backbone (implemented via a 26 GHz line of sight link) and broadband wireless access network at 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz. Combined wireless signal fade, acoustic power and tipping bucket rain rate measurements over a several month span indicate the feasibility of using rain-induced attenuation and fade durations to trigger imminent-hazard alerts.
Resource Allocation for OFDMA Based Relay Enhanced Cellular Networks (2007)

Relay enhanced cellular network is a promising architecture for next generation wireless communication system. Introducing relay nodes into cellular networks challenges the resource allocation. The centralized subcarrier and power allocation algorithm which maximizes system capacity with constraint of overall transmission power is studied for OFDMA based relay enhanced cellular networks. A heuristic algorithm is proposed for subcarrier assignment to exploit multiuser diversity as much as possible. An iterative power allocation algorithm is presented to balance the two-hop links of each relay node based on the predetermined subcarrier assignment solution. Performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated. Numerical results show that the proposals can achieve significant improvement on system capacity without heavy computational complexity.
Specific down-regulation of proliferative T cell alloresponsiveness by interference with CD2/LFA-3 and LFA-1/ICAM-1 in vitro. (1994)

T cell activation requires Ag contact with the TCR in the presence of costimulatory signals provided by APCs. When Ag is presented without costimulation, T cells are functionally inactivated. Here we demonstrate that interference with distinct adhesion molecules during Ag contact using mAbs leads to Ag-specific functional inactivation of alloreactive T cells. We found that the presence of a mixture of mAbs specific for CD2, LFA-3, LFA-1 alpha- and beta-chain, and ICAM-1 during primary MLC leads to down-regulation of secondary proliferative responses to Ag from the donor used for priming. Cells from pretreated cultures proliferated well, however, when stimulated with Ag from third party donors, mitogens, or mitogenic CD3 mAb. Because specific reactivity could be restored by addition of IL-2 to restimulation cultures, altered secondary responsiveness appeared to be caused by anergy and not by elimination of specific clones. Furthermore, specific down-regulation of alloresponsiveness was prevented by addition of IL-2 to primary cultures in the presence of mAb. Interference by mAb with either CD2/LFA-3, LFA-1/ICAM-1, CD2/LFA-1, or LFA-3/ICAM-1 had a substantial, though less pronounced effect on secondary responsiveness. After pretreatment with the Ab mixture, CTL generation was substantially but incompletely down-regulated against the original and third party donors. Because a decrease in the reactivity of unstimulated responders by culture was also observed, these findings might be explained by the loss of cytotoxic precursors after culturing under nonstimulating conditions. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that T cells enter a state of anergy when T cell activation is modulated by simultaneous interference with distinct adhesion molecules during Ag contact, which thus might reflect at least partly overlapping functions of particular receptor-ligand pairs in T cell costimulation.