gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma Jet Piercing of Magnetic Fields and Entropy Trapping into a Conservative System (1959)

To obtain a thermonuclear plasma inside a magnetic confinement system, one must either (a) create the plasma in situ from cold gas by ionization and heating or (b) build up the plasma piecemeal by injection from some accelerator or hydromagnetic gun. A new method is proposed of achieving the nonadiabatic process of type (b) which may prove very advantageous. (W.D.M.)
The Effect of DHEA Given Chronically to Zucker Rats (1995)

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been reported to exert antiglucocorticoid activity. When administered to obese, hypercorticosteronemic Zucker rats, it causes a diminution of food intake and a reduction in their rate of weight gain. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether this biologic effect could be ascribed to chronic adrenal insufficiency. Obese and lean Zucker rats were treated with DHEA as a food supplement for 28 days. Upon sacrifice, organ weights and serum chemistries were measured, along with neurotransmitter levels in regions of the hypothalamus. Results showed that although the obese animals gained weight more slowly, had lower insulin levels, and ate less, their serum glucose, corticosterone, and ACTH levels were not different from control. Hypothalamic neurotransmitters in the obese rat were unaffected by chronic DHEA treatment. We concluded that, although DHEA clearly affects Zucker weight gain, it does not induce chronic adrenal insufficiency.
T-cell Receptor-optimized Peptide Skewing of the T-cell Repertoire Can Enhance Antigen Targeting (2012)

Altered peptide antigens that enhance T-cell immunogenicity have been used to improve peptide-based vaccination for a range of diseases. Although this strategy can prime T-cell responses of greater magnitude, the efficacy of constituent T-cell clonotypes within the primed population can be poor. To overcome this limitation, we isolated a CD8(+) T-cell clone (MEL5) with an enhanced ability to recognize the HLA A*0201-Melan A(27-35) (HLA A*0201-AAGIGILTV) antigen expressed on the surface of malignant melanoma cells. We used combinatorial peptide library screening to design an optimal peptide sequence that enhanced functional activation of the MEL5 clone, but not other CD8(+) T-cell clones that recognized HLA A*0201-AAGIGILTV poorly. Structural analysis revealed the potential for new contacts between the MEL5 T-cell receptor and the optimized peptide. Furthermore, the optimized peptide was able to prime CD8(+) T-cell populations in peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolates from multiple HLA A*0201(+) individuals that were capable of efficient HLA A*0201(+) melanoma cell destruction. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that it is possible to design altered peptide antigens for the selection of superior T-cell clonotypes with enhanced antigen recognition properties.
Adaptive Multicast Tree Construction for Elastic Data Streams (2008)

In this paper, we revisit the problem of multicast tree construction in overlay peer-to-peer networks. We present an iterative online multicast tree construction algorithm for multi-session multicasting of elastic content. Our framework allows receivers to request multiple sessions from possibly different servers. Each receiver expresses a quality-of-service requirement using a utility function. We propose an online algorithm which constructs multicast trees to maximize the overall receiver utility functions in an iterative fashion, allowing it to adapt to changes in network topology and cross-traffic.
The effects of slow infusion of a low dosage of endotoxin in healthy horses (1989)

The effects of slow intravenous (i.v.) infusion of a very low dosage of endotoxin (a cumulative dosage of 0.03 microgram/kg bodyweight [bwt] infused over 60 mins) were evaluated in six conscious healthy horses. Duodenal, right ventral colon, and caecal contractions were detected with strain gauge force transducers. Lateral caecal arterial blood flow was measured using transit time ultrasonic blood flow probes. Duodenal contractile activity was not significantly altered by infusion of endotoxin. In contrast, the contractile activity of the right ventral colon 90 and 270 mins after infusion of endotoxin was less than after infusion of saline solution (control). The contractile activity of the caecal body 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 mins after infusion of endotoxin was significantly less than control. The contractile activity of the caecal apex 60, 90, 120, 240 and 270 mins after termination of endotoxin infusion was significantly less than control. Lateral caecal arterial blood flow was significantly less than control at the end of endotoxin infusion and at 30, 45, 60, 90, 105 and 120 mins afterwards. Average carotid arterial pressure was significantly greater than control at 210, 225, 240, 255 and 270 mins after endotoxin infusion. Infusion of endotoxin increased heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature significantly. The decrease in caecal contractile activity occurred before the increase in body temperature. All horses became depressed and developed injected mucous membranes. Signs of abdominal pain (including stretching, pawing, kicking at abdomen) were seen in four of the six horses.
Artificial Magnetic Materials Using Fractal Hilbert Curves (2010)

Novel configurations based on Fractal Hilbert curves are proposed for realizing artificial magnetic materials. It is shown that the proposed configuration gives significant rise to miniaturization of artificial unit cells which in turn results in higher homogeneity in the material, and reduction in the profile of the artificial substrate. Analytical formulas are proposed for design and optimization of the presented structures, and are verified through full wave numerical characterization. The electromagnetic properties of the proposed structures are studied in detail and compared to square spiral from the point of view of size reduction, maximum value of the resultant permeability, magnetic loss, and frequency dispersion. To validate the analytical model and the numerical simulation results, an artificial substrate containing second-order Fractal Hilbert curve is fabricated and experimentally characterized using a microstrip-based characterization method.
Enantioselective preparation of functionalized cyclopentanoids via a common chiral (.pi.-allyl)palladium complex (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective preparation of functionalized cyclopentanoids via a common chiral (.pi.-allyl)palladium complexDonald R. Deardorff, Robert G. Linde II, Amanda M. Martin, and Michael J. ShulmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 11, 2759–2762Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00272a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00272a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views624Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis and reduction of thermal magnetic noise in liquid-He dewar for sensitive low-field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements (2013)

For sensitive measurements of micro-Tesla nuclear magnetic resonance (<TEX>${\mu}T$</TEX>-NMR) signal, a low-noise superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) system is needed. We have fabricated a liquid He dewar for an SQUID having a large diameter for the pickup coil. The initial test of the SQUID system showed much higher low-frequency magnetic noise caused by the thermal magnetic noise of the aluminum plates used for the vapor-cooled thermal shield material. The frequency dependence of the noise spectrum showed that the noise increases with the decrease of frequency. This behavior could be explained from a two-layer model; one generating the thermal noise and the other one shielding the thermal noise by eddy-current shielding. And the eddy-current shielding effect is strongly dependent on the frequency through the skin-depth. To minimize the loop size for the fluctuating thermal noise current, we changed the thermal shield material into insulated thin Cu mesh. The magnetic noise of the SQUID system became flat down to 0.1 Hz with a white noise of 0.3 <TEX>$fT/{\surd}Hz$</TEX>, including the other noise contributions such as SQUID electronics and magnetically shielded room, etc, which is acceptable for low-noise <TEX>${\mu}T$</TEX>-NMR experiments.
New Pathway to the Synthesis of Substituted 4H‐3,1‐Benzoxazines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrochemical cell lysis device for DNAextraction (2009)

We present a novel electrochemical cell lysis device to prepare DNA samples for lab-on-a-chip (LOC) applications. It utilizes the electrolysis of saline solution to generate hydroxide ions (OH(-)) at the cathode as alkaline lytic agents. Cathode and anode chambers are separated by a negatively-charged ion exchangeable polymer diaphragm to maintain the high pH level for efficient cell lysis in the cathode chamber, to prevent inflow of PCR-amplification inhibitors from the anode chamber, and to minimize binding of DNA molecules. Electric current flow and pH maintenance, which depended on the device design, were two important parameters of the device performance. After optimizing the design and visually confirming cell lysis of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in a very short amount of time, we directly electrolyzed four bacterial cell types suspended in saline solution. Real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that our device could lyse both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells with higher efficiency than other common methods and could detect DNA on the microlitre scale. Our data demonstrate several advantages of the proposed device: absence of cell lysis chemicals and heating; no adverse effects on PCR amplification; low DNA loss; low voltage and power consumption; and rapid processing. The device could potentially be applied as an on-chip DNA extraction component.
Fuzzy sets and applications : selected papers (1987)

Coping with the Imprecision of the Real World: An Interview with L.A Zadeh Fuzzy Sets Probability Measures of Fuzzy Events Decision Making in a Fuzzy Environment Similarity Relations and Fuzzy Orderings Outline of a New Approach to the Analysis of Complex Systems and Decision Processes A Fuzzy-Algorithmic Approach to the Definition of Complex or Imprecise Comcepts Fuzzy Sets as a Basis for a Theory of Possibility The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and Its Application to Approximate Reasoning (Part 1) The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and Its Application to Approximate Reasoning (Part 2) The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and Its Application to Approximate Reasoning (Part 3) A Theory of Approximate Reasoning The Role of Fuzzy Logic in the Management of Uncertainty in Expert Systems Syllogistic Reasoning in Fuzzy Logic and its Application to Usuality and Reasoning with Dispositions A Fuzzy-Set-Theoretic Interpretation of Linguistic Hedges PRUF-A Meaning Representation Language for Natural Languages A Computational Approach to Fuzzy Quantifiers in Natural Language A Theory of Commonsense Knowledge Test-Score Semantics as a Basis for a Computational Approach to the Representation of Meaning.
A theoretical comparison of the β,γ' and 2Fo–Fc syntheses (1979)

A theoretical comparison of the β synthesis of Ramachandran & Raman [Acta Cryst. (1959), 12, 957-964] with the weighted γ' and weighted 2Fo - Fc syntheses shows that, for partially known structures, the ratio of peak heights of the unknown atoms to those of the background is the same in all the syntheses. The β synthesis contains more background peaks than either the γ' or 2Fo - Fc syntheses. The 2Fo - Fc synthesis suppresses the peaks of wrongly positioned atoms most effectively and the γ' is the least effective. The syntheses which approach most closely the true electron density are the weighted 2Fo - Fc synthesis for non-centrosymmetric structures and the weighted γ' for centrosymmetric ones.
Adrenergic Facilitation of GABAergic Transmission in Rat Entorhinal Cortex (2007)

Whereas the entorhinal cortex (EC) receives noradrenergic innervations from the locus coeruleus of the pons and expresses adrenergic receptors, the function of norepinephrine (NE) in the EC is still elusive. We examined the effects of NE on GABA(A) receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the superficial layers of the EC. Application of NE dose-dependently increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) recorded from the principal neurons in layer II/III through activation of alpha(1) adrenergic receptors. NE increased the frequency and not the amplitude of miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) recorded in the presence of TTX, suggesting that NE increases presynaptic GABA release with no effects on postsynaptic GABA(A) receptors. Application of Ca(2+) channel blockers (Cd(2+) and Ni(2+)), omission of Ca(2+) in the extracellular solution, or replacement of extracellular Na(+) with N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) failed to alter NE-induced increase in mIPSC frequency, suggesting that Ca(2+) influx through voltage-gated Ca(2+) or other cationic channels is not required. Application of BAPTA-AM, thapsigargin, and ryanodine did not change NE-induced increase in mIPSC frequency, suggesting that Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores is not necessary for NE-induced increase in GABA release. Whereas alpha(1) receptors are coupled to G(q/11) resulting in activation of the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway, NE-mediated facilitation of GABAergic transmission was independent of PLC, protein kinase C, and tyrosine kinase activities. Our results suggest that NE-mediated facilitation of GABAergic function contributes to its antiepileptic effects in the EC.
Dynamic ISD scheme for the AVM system - a preliminary study (2015)

Reducing the sampling rate to as low as possible is a high priority for many factories to reduce production cost. Automatic-Virtual-Metrology (AVM) based Original Intelligent Sampling Decision (Original ISD) scheme had been previously developed for reducing the sampling rate and sustaining the VM accuracy. However, the desired sampling rate of the Original ISD scheme is fixed and set manually. Hence, whenever the VM accuracy gets worse, it cannot dynamically increase the desired sampling rate in the Original ISD scheme. As a consequence, it would take more time to collect enough samples for improving the VM accuracy. Moreover, when the VM accuracy performs well all the time, it cannot automatically decrease the desired sampling rate in Original ISD, which may result in unnecessary waste. Accordingly, this paper proposes a preliminary study of a Dynamic ISD scheme to dynamically and automatically modify the sampling rate online and in real time. The Dynamic ISD scheme can monitor the VM accuracy on line as well as update the VM models in real time for maintaining the VM accuracy when the VM accuracy becomes poor. Also, the Dynamic ISD scheme can automatically reduce the sampling rate while the VM accuracy performs well.
Synchronization and beaconing in IEEE 802.11s mesh networks (2008)

Synchronization and beaconing attract much attention with the appearance of IEEE 802.11s Amendment draft specifying mesh networking based on IEEE 802.11 concepts. This paper discusses the drawbacks of using unsynchronized beaconing and focuses on beaconing of synchronized mesh points which adopt beaconing algorithm for IBSS networks with some modifications. We provide an analytical model of the beaconing process and prove its accuracy with simulation results.
Conservation between human and fungal squalene synthetases: similarities in structure, function, and regulation. (1993)

Squalene synthetase (farnesyl diphosphate:farnesyl diphosphate farnesyltransferase; EC 2.5.1.21) is thought to represent a major control point of isoprene and sterol biosynthesis in eukaryotes. We demonstrate structural and functional conservation between the enzymes from humans, a budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and a fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). The amino acid sequences of the human and S. pombe proteins deduced from cloned cDNAs were compared to those of the known S. cerevisiae protein. All are predicted to encode C-terminal membrane-spanning proteins of approximately 50 kDa with similar hydropathy profiles. Extensive sequence conservation exists in regions of the enzyme proposed to interact with its prenyl substrates (i.e., two farnesyl diphosphate molecules). Many of the highly conserved regions are also present in phytoene and prephytoene diphosphate synthetases, enzymes which catalyze prenyl substrate condensation reactions analogous to that of squalene synthetase. Expression of cDNA clones encoding S. pombe or hybrid human-S. cerevisiae squalene synthetases reversed the ergosterol requirement of S. cerevisiae cells bearing ERG9 gene disruptions, showing that these enzymes can functionally replace the S. cerevisiae enzyme. Inhibition of sterol synthesis in S. cerevisiae and S. pombe cells or in cultured human fibroblasts by treatment with the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor lovastatin resulted in elevated levels of squalene synthetase mRNA in all three cell types.
On the value and dispersion of dielectric permittivity of BaTiO3 c-domain crystals (1976)

The effect of the concentration of 180° domains on the value, temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric permittivity εS33 of mechanically clamped crystals of BaTiO3 is analysed. It is shown that the domains cause an increase of εS33 with temperature and the dielectric permittivity dispersion at frequencies determined by the domain structure period.
Robust Face Detection for Video Summary Using Illumination-Compensation and Morphological Processing (2007)

This paper presents a simple and robust face detection algorithm that can be utilized to video summary. Because the characteristic of the face can be change from unexpected condition like as shadows or lighting, we firstly process the illumination-compensation for maintaining face components. And then, we analyze color-based face region in YCbCr space to obtain the skin color. Also, we try the morphological image processing called closing algorithm to improve the detection performance and reducing the number of false detected face regions. The steps of the closing algorithm are dilation and erosion that find the candidates in face region and removes noise from the non-face region. For localization of the face region, we make a proper face location based on golden ratio. We evaluate our algorithm in the various genres. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our face detection algorithm that leads 96.7 % precision ratio on average. The proposed method is applicable to video summary because of these high performances with low complexity.
New NSF S&T program targets technical education (1993)

A new National Science Foundation venture is to provide an alternative path to skilled jobs in the science and technology fields for students who do not plan to attend 4‐year college. The Advanced Technological Education Program (ATE), an outgrowth of the agency's expanded role in education, was announced at a news conference in Washington, D.C., on September 2 by NSF's Assistant Director for Education and Human Resources, Luther Williams. “The program responds to the national need for a well‐educated technical workforce,” Williams said, adding that “there is a growing recognition that if we want to improve the quality of our workforce, we have to pay attention to the quality of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education at 2‐year institutions.”
Soluble CD14 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein from bovine serum enable bacterial lipopolysaccharide-mediated cytotoxicity and activation of bovine vascular endothelial cells in vitro (1996)

Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) has potent proinflammatory properties toward many cell types, including vascular endothelial cells. Bovine endothelial cells are often used for investigations involving the vascular endothelium in vitro, and other bovine products such as fetal bovine serum are also widely utilized in research laboratories. Evidence is presented that soluble CD14 (sCD14) is present in bovine serum and that LPS-mediated activation and cytotoxicity to bovine endothelial cells in vitro are dependent on sCD14. LPS-mediated activation of endothelial cells was quantitated by measuring tissue factor expression using an activated factor X-related chromogenic assay. Concentrations of 0.1-5.0% fetal bovine serum in the culture medium promoted LPS-induced tissue factor expression on bovine endothelial cells, and anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (20 micrograms/ml) inhibited tissue factor expression, whereas control antibodies did not. LPS-mediated damage to endothelial cells was assayed using the MTT tetrazolium assay. We found that either serum or recombinant human soluble CD14 (rsCD14, 20-2000 ng/ml) was required for LPS-related endothelial cell damage and that anti-CD14 mAb inhibited cytotoxicity. In addition, bovine LPS-binding protein (LBP, 20 ng/ml) purified from bovine serum had no effect on LPS-mediated cytotoxicity, but bovine LBP greatly enhanced the cytotoxic effect of LPS plus rsCD14. Western blot analysis performed on fractionated bovine serum samples with anti-CD14 mAb revealed immunoreactivity with a 50-55-kd protein, a size consistent with sCD14. Evidence of endothelial cell-associated CD14 was not detected using an immunofluorescence technique on cell preparations, nor by Northern blot analysis. These results indicate the existence of sCD14 in bovine serum and that soluble bovine serum factors including sCD14 and LBP facilitate presentation of LPS to receptive cells.