gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Anomaly Detection with Outlier Exposure (2018)

It is important to detect anomalous inputs when deploying machine learning systems. The use of larger and more complex inputs in deep learning magnifies the difficulty of distinguishing between anomalous and in-distribution examples. At the same time, diverse image and text data are available in enormous quantities. We propose leveraging these data to improve deep anomaly detection by training anomaly detectors against an auxiliary dataset of outliers, an approach we call Outlier Exposure (OE). This enables anomaly detectors to generalize and detect unseen anomalies. In extensive experiments on natural language processing and small- and large-scale vision tasks, we find that Outlier Exposure significantly improves detection performance. We also observe that cutting-edge generative models trained on CIFAR-10 may assign higher likelihoods to SVHN images than to CIFAR-10 images; we use OE to mitigate this issue. We also analyze the flexibility and robustness of Outlier Exposure, and identify characteristics of the auxiliary dataset that improve performance.
Repression of RNA Polymerase II Transcription by B2 RNA Depends on a Specific Pattern of Structural Regions in the RNA (2015)

B2 RNA is a mouse non-coding RNA that binds directly to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and represses transcription by disrupting critical interactions between the polymerase and promoter DNA. How the structural regions within B2 RNA work together to mediate transcriptional repression is not well understood. To address this question, we systematically deleted structural regions from B2 RNA and determined the effects on transcriptional repression using a highly purified Pol II <i>in vitro</i> transcription system. Deletions that compromised the ability of B2 RNA to function as a transcriptional repressor were also tested for their ability to bind directly to Pol II, which enabled us to distinguish regions uniquely important for repression from those important for binding. We found that transcriptional repression requires a pattern of RNA structural motifs consisting of an extended single-stranded region bordered by two stem-loops. Hence, there is modularity in the function of the stem-loops in B2 RNA-when one stem-loop is deleted, another can take its place to enable transcriptional repression.
Dynamic Control Approaches for a Coupled Tendon-Driven Manipulator. (1995)

Dynamic control approaches (decoupled algorithms) for a Coupled Tendon-Driven Manipulator Arm (or CT Arm) are presented in this paper, in which the dynamics of a manipulator arm also the dynamics of a tendon-driven system are considered for the case of high speed motion. The mechanism for the CT Arm is a special tendon traction transmission mechanism, in which a pair of terdons used to drive a joint are pulled from base actuators via pulleys mounted on the base-side joints. The mechanism can optimally utilize the coupled drive function of the tendon traction forces and thus enables the lightweight manipulator to exhibit enormous payload capability. Its properties will be elucidated by the proposed dynamic control approaches. Computer simulation was also executed in this study to verify the validity of the proposed control approaches.
COMPUTER-CONTROLLED MULTIPARAMETER ANALYSIS AND SORTING OF CELLS AND PARTICLES (1974)

A new high speed instrument for the multiparameter analysis and separation of cells and subcellular particles under computer control has been constructed. It incorporates several new features, the combination of which is believed to make the system uniquely capable of attacking a wide variety of biologic questions. In this paper we present the biologic objectives as well as the salient new features of the instrument.
Comparison of dual-converter-based power supply systems (1989)

Various dual-converter configurations operating in the circulating current mode are compared for use in constant-voltage DC regenerative power-supply applications. Three types of dual-converter configurations are discussed. The design of these systems, including the circulating current limiting inductors, is provided. System components were designed using the three dual-converter configurations with the following specifications: (1) AC supply, three-phase, 115 V, 60 Hz; (2) DC output voltage 135 V; (3) maximum DC load current, 100 A; and (4) ratio of the allowable average circulating current to the maximum DC load current=0.2. The results are experimentally verified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 50 MHz BW 76.1 dB DR Two-Stage Continuous-Time Delta–Sigma Modulator With VCO Quantizer Nonlinearity Cancellation (2017)

A two-stage continuous-time <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> modulator with voltage-controlled oscillator based quantizer (VCOQ) is presented. The presented modulator suppresses the VCOQ voltage-to-frequency nonlinearity through dual path cancellation to achieve high linearity. As an added advantage, this architecture exhibits strong immunity to the first stage quantization error leakage to the output due to gain mismatches between the two stages. Fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology, the prototype modulator operates at 1.5 GS/s and achieves 76.1 dB SNR, 73.5 dB SNDR, 88 dB SFDR, and 76.1 dB dynamic range (DR) in 50 MHz bandwidth. This prototype demonstrates robust performance with less than 1.5 dB variation in SNDR for ±10% gain mismatch between the two stages. Also, the SNDR variation remains within 1 dB for a temperature variation of 0°C–80°C. The modulator consumes 51.8 mW of power leading to a Walden FoM of 134 fJ/conv-step.
Detection of frameshift mutations of RIZ in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability (2004)

Frameshift mutations of RIZ may play an important role in gastric cancers with MSI.
Contamination control in Axcelis Purion platform ion implanters (2014)

Industry consolidation in semiconductor manufacturing, driven by commoditization and decreasing margins, is placing ever increasing pressure on fab productivity. Concomitant technology innovation, shrinking device geometries, the transition to non-planar transistors and novel device structures (such as CIS or IGBT) make yield attainment increasingly challenging. The defect level performance of semiconductor manufacturing equipment, in particular in ion implantation, is one of the critical parameters contributing to overall yield performance. This is evidenced through recent large shifts in both particle and metals requirements from device manufacturers. Traditional implanter design approaches, focused on glitch reduction or beam current modulation, are necessary but insufficient to attain simultaneous compliance of availability, throughput and defect levels. In this paper, a holistic approach to defect control is detailed. Examples of contamination control best practices are described. These are combined into an overarching design for process cleanliness (DfPC) methodology, through identification and mitigation of defect opportunities (particulates, metals). Data from the Purion platform of ion implanters demonstrate that, through application of an integrated, common design method, required defect performance can be attained across multiple ion implant platforms.
Patient-related risk factors leading to aseptic stem loosening in total hip arthroplasty: A case-control study of 5,035 patients (2006)

An increased activity level, as seen in younger patients and those with unrestricted mobility, is an important factor in the etiology of stem loosening. If combined with high BMI, the risk of stem loosening within 10 years is even higher. A younger person should not be denied the benefits of a total hip arthroplasty but must accept that the risk of future failure is increased.
Rare bleeding disorders: diagnosis and treatment (2015)

Despite the worldwide prevalence of rare bleeding disorders (RBDs), knowledge of these conditions and their management is suboptimal; health care professionals often have little diagnostic and treatment experience with variable access to diagnostic modalities required for accurate identification. Therefore, patients often experience morbidity and mortality due to delayed diagnosis. As RBDs represent a small potential commercial market, few, if any, specific therapies exist for these conditions. As a result, affected individuals commonly face delayed diagnosis, incomplete laboratory evaluation, and limited treatment options. Standardization and customization of coagulation assays, full genome sequencing, and global clotting assays will significantly improve diagnosis of patients with RBDs. In addition, new therapeutic modalities, both recombinant and plasma derived, are emerging, at least in developed countries. Registries and clinical trials have demonstrated decreased bleeding and improved outcomes when patients are appropriately diagnosed and properly treated. Expansion and harmonization of international registries has been initiated to correlate genotype, laboratory, and clinical phenotypes including bleeding severity to improve the diagnosis and therapeutic approach. This review focuses on the latest advances in our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of RBDs.
ADAPTIVE BEAMFORMERS IN COMMUNICATIONS AND DIRECTION FINDING SYSTEMS (2005)

This paper elaborates on a technique described in (l) for simultaneously receiving and estimating the directions-of-arrival of multiple cochannel signals impinging on an array of sensors. The method described therein used a combination of adaptive CM Array beamformers anid signal cancellers to sequentially lock onto and re- move emitters one-by-one from the sensor signals. Inherent to the signal cancellation process was the generation of a direction vector associated with the signal being cancelled. In this paper, results of the above method applied to digitized snapshot data are presented. Unexpected performance degradations observed in these results are explained and two remedies proposed. One remedy involves the ad- dition of a parallel arrangement of CM Arrays whose weight wectors are initialized bawd on the cascaded array weight vectors and signal canceller vector:;. The other remedy involves the modification of the error signals used to adapt the signal cancellers
Parallel control of the UPS inverters with frequency-dependent droop scheme (2002)

This paper presents a control approach for paralleling the UPS inverters with no control interconnection. The reference voltage of the inverter is generated to simulate a reactor connected between the inverter and the load at the fundamental frequency. The intention is to control the real and reactive power sharing of the inverters with the Q-V and P-/spl omega/ droop scheme without connection of a true transfer reactor. At the harmonic frequency the reference voltage turns to simulate a resistor, aiming that the load harmonic current can be shared equally and the voltage distortion is low. Two 1 kVA inverters are setup for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Generalized viscoelastic models: their fractional equations with solutions (1995)

Recently fractional calculus (FC) has encountered much success in the description of complex dynamics. In particular FC has proved to be a valuable tool to handle viscoelastic aspects. In this paper we construct fractional rheological constitutive equations on the basis of well known mechanical models, especially the Maxwell, the Kelvin-Voigt, the Zener and the Poynting-Thomson model. To this end we introduce a fractional element, in addition to the standard purely elastic and purely viscous elements. As we proceed to show, many of the fractional differential equations which we obtain by this construction method admit closed form, analytical solutions in terms of Fox H-functions of the Minag-Leffler type.
Contextual Logic Programming for Ontology Representation and Querying. (2007)

Abstract. The system presented in this paper aims at using Contextual Logic Programming as a computational hub for knowledge modeled by web ontologies and enable querying that representation. The components required to behave as a SPARQL query engine are explained and examples of semantic integration of different sources are shown. 1
Third harmonic generation of Nd:YAG laser lightin periodically poled LiNbO <sub>3</sub> waveguide (1997)

The authors propose and first demonstrate an LiNbO3 waveguide device with cascading quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation and quasi-phase-matched sum-frequency generation for generation of a third harmonic wave. Ultraviolet light of 355 nm wavelength, which was the shortest value ever reported for LiNbO3 waveguide wavelength-convertors, was obtained with Nd:YAG laser light.
Smallest enclosing ball for probabilistic data (2014)

This paper deals with computing the smallest enclosing ball of a set of points subject to probabilistic data. In our setting, any of the n points may not or may occur at one of finitely many locations, following its own discrete probability distribution. The objective is therefore considered to be a random variable and we aim at finding a center minimizing the expected maximum distance to the points according to their distributions. Our main contribution presented in this paper is the first polynomial time (1 + ϵ)-approximation algorithm for the probabilistic smallest enclosing ball problem with extensions to the streaming setting.
Effects of cultivar, root weight, storage and boiling on carbohydrate content in carrots (<i>Daucus carota</i> L) (2004)

Abstract The effects of cultivar ( n = 4), root weight ( n = 4), storage (5 months) and boiling (7 min) and their interactions on the content of dry matter and carbohydrates were studied and ranked in carrots. Boiling had the greatest effect and had an influence on all variables except the ratio between sucrose and the monosaccharides glucose and fructose. The choice of cultivar was also of great importance as regards glucose, fructose and sucrose content, while dietary fibre and dry matter were much less affected, or even unaffected, by this factor. Root weight and storage were consistently of less significance than boiling and cultivar. Thus dietary fibre solubility, fructose content and the ratio between sucrose and the monosaccharides glucose and fructose were independent of the root weight, while storage had no impact on the dry matter content. After storage the cultivar Lonto had lost more dry matter than the other cultivars (10% versus mean 1% for the others, P = 0.009) and the sugar ratio between sucrose and the monosaccharides glucose and fructose had increased in the cultivar Amarant, while it decreased in the other cultivars ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, Amarant had a lower loss of sugars (35%) following boiling than the other cultivars (mean 39%, P = 0.002). Storage and boiling interacted concerning soluble and insoluble dietary fibre, fibre solubility and glucose content. It is concluded that the various factors (especially boiling and cultivar) gave rise to such differences in carbohydrate content and composition that they might be of nutritional importance. The results may thus provide a basis for selecting raw material when studying possible health effects of carrots. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Protein control of prosthetic heme reactivity. Reaction of substrates with the heme edge of horseradish peroxidase. (1987)

Incubation of horseradish peroxidase with phenylhydrazine and H2O2 markedly depresses the catalytic activity and the intensity, but not position, of the Soret band. Approximately 11-13 mol of phenylhydrazine and 25 mol of H2O2 are required per mol of enzyme to minimize the chromophore intensity. The enzyme retains some activity after such treatment, but this activity is eliminated if the enzyme is isolated and reincubated with phenylhydrazine. The prosthetic heme of the enzyme does not react with phenylhydrazine to give a sigma-bonded phenyl-iron complex, as it does in other hemoproteins, but is converted instead to the delta-mesophenyl and 8-hydroxymethyl derivatives. The loss of activity is due more to protein than heme modification, however. The inactivated enzyme reacts with H2O2 to give a spectroscopically detectable Compound I. The results imply that substrates interact with the heme edge rather than with the activated oxygen of Compounds I and II and specifically identify the region around the delta-meso-carbon and 8-methyl group as the exposed sector of the heme. Horseradish peroxidase, in contrast to cytochrome P-450, generally does not catalyze oxygen-transfer reactions. The present results indicate that oxygen-transfer reactions do not occur because the activated oxygen and the substrate are physically separated by a protein-imposed barrier in horseradish peroxidase.
Resiliency in Negotiation: Bouncing Back from Impasse (2006)

Abstract Deadlocked international negotiations risk prolonged uncertainty and, worse, the possible onset of hostilities. While the negotiation research literature is replete with strategies and tactics that seek positive sum outcomes, there is a paucity of reliable advice for negotiators faced with stalemate on what they can do to avert failure and get back on the negotiation track. This study suggests that international negotiations can learn from the field of developmental psychology about the concept and practice of resiliency. Resiliency is the human capacity to face, overcome and be strengthened by experiences of extreme adversity. It is a basic and powerful human competency that negotiators, faced with impasse, need to master to avert failure and achieve successful negotiation outcomes. If people have the capacity to bounce back from adversity in their personal lives, negotiators in their professional lives should be able to mobilize this capacity to bounce back from impasses, as well. Several propositions based on research findings are examined.
Use of a palatal stabilizing device in prevention of palata grooves in premature infants (1990)

A prospective, randomized study using an acrylic palatal stabilizing device (PSD) was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this device in preventing disruptions in palatal architecture. A total of 26 premature infants with birth weights of 540 to 1740 g, and intubated orally for a period varying from 7 to 109 days were randomized to control and experimental groups. All neonates in the control group developed palatal grooving ranging from 2 to 5 mm in depth, whereas those in the experimental group (with a PSD) showed no evidence of palatal grooving. We conclude that a PSD is an effective preventive device in premature orally intubated infants.
Potential-dependent surface chemistry of 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (niacin) and related compounds at platinum(111) electrodes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential-dependent surface chemistry of 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (niacin) and related compounds at platinum(111) electrodesDonald A. Stern, Laarni Laguren-Davidson, Douglas G. Frank, John Y. Gui, Chiu Hsun Lin, Frank Lu, Ghaleb N. Salaita, Nicholas Walton, Donald C. Zapien, and Arthur T. HubbardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 3, 877–891Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00185a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00185a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Dynamics of Genome Rearrangement in Bacterial Populations (2008)

Genome structure variation has profound impacts on phenotype in organisms ranging from microbes to humans, yet little is known about how natural selection acts on genome arrangement. Pathogenic bacteria such as Yersinia pestis, which causes bubonic and pneumonic plague, often exhibit a high degree of genomic rearrangement. The recent availability of several Yersinia genomes offers an unprecedented opportunity to study the evolution of genome structure and arrangement. We introduce a set of statistical methods to study patterns of rearrangement in circular chromosomes and apply them to the Yersinia. We constructed a multiple alignment of eight Yersinia genomes using Mauve software to identify 78 conserved segments that are internally free from genome rearrangement. Based on the alignment, we applied Bayesian statistical methods to infer the phylogenetic inversion history of Yersinia. The sampling of genome arrangement reconstructions contains seven parsimonious tree topologies, each having different histories of 79 inversions. Topologies with a greater number of inversions also exist, but were sampled less frequently. The inversion phylogenies agree with results suggested by SNP patterns. We then analyzed reconstructed inversion histories to identify patterns of rearrangement. We confirm an over-representation of "symmetric inversions"-inversions with endpoints that are equally distant from the origin of chromosomal replication. Ancestral genome arrangements demonstrate moderate preference for replichore balance in Yersinia. We found that all inversions are shorter than expected under a neutral model, whereas inversions acting within a single replichore are much shorter than expected. We also found evidence for a canonical configuration of the origin and terminus of replication. Finally, breakpoint reuse analysis reveals that inversions with endpoints proximal to the origin of DNA replication are nearly three times more frequent. Our findings represent the first characterization of genome arrangement evolution in a bacterial population evolving outside laboratory conditions. Insight into the process of genomic rearrangement may further the understanding of pathogen population dynamics and selection on the architecture of circular bacterial chromosomes.
US Airways Automates Its Weekend Fleet Assignment (1999)

Assigning fleets of aircraft to a weekend schedule is more difficult than assigning them to a weekday schedule. The reason is that we must balance two conflicting objectives. We must meet passenger demand that is different from weekday demand. We must also minimize the costs of realigning airport facilities and personnel that we would incur by changing flight patterns too much. To support US Airways' schedule planners in this balancing act, we built a specialized fleet-assignment model and integrated it into a graphical environment for schedule development. The planners use the system to create safe, profitable, and robust flight plans.