gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Ceramic Substrate: Catalytic Performance Improvement by High Geometric Surface Area and Low Heat Capacity (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Catalytic performance can be improved by increasing geometric surface area (GSA) and reducing bulk density (BD), namely heat capacity, using high cell-density / thinwall advanced ceramic substrates. The advanced substrates, such as 3 mil/600 cpsi and 2 mil/900 cpsi have improved the catalytic performance over the conventional substrates, and are expected to help in complying with future emission regulations, as well as catalyst downsizing. This paper describes the effects of GSA and BD using Pd-based catalysts. The reduction of hydrocarbons emissions was demonstrated significantly at close-coupled location, and dual bed design was proven effective. The effectiveness at under-floor location was not as significant as the close-coupled location.</div>
Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Adverse Effects, and Efficacy of the Antidepressant Maprotiline Hydrochloride (1981)

Maprotiline, a tetracyclic antidepressant with sedative properties, exhibits strong inhibitory effects on norepinephrine uptake across nerve cell membranes but interferes relatively little with serotoninergic mechanisms. The biological half-life of unchanged maprotiline in blood averages 43 hours. Though several studies suggest a more rapid onset of antidepressant effects with maprotiline than with amitriptyline or imipramine, this issue remains unresolved. The adverse effect profile of maprotiline is similar to that of the tricyclic antidepressants, except that rashes are about twice as frequent with maprotiline as with amitriptyline or imipramine. The most frequent adverse reactions are anticholinergic effects and sedation. Data suggest less frequent and severe anticholinergic side effects with maprotiline than with amitriptyline. Maprotiline may be less likely to induce orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia than standard tricyclic antidepressants, but clinically important differences in cardiovascular effects remain to be conclusively demonstrated. Many patients benefit from the convenience of once daily dosing. Maprotiline is comparable in antidepressant efficacy to the tricyclic antidepressants.
Self‐monitoring during collegiate studying: An invaluable tool for academic self‐regulation (1995)

Abstract Self‐monitoring is an important component of self‐regulated learning. Students need to be able to engage in self‐monitoring in order to regulate their own learning, and faculty can help students learn how to self‐monitor.
Intrathecal Granuloma in a Patient ReceivingHigh Dose Hydromorphone (2008)

Intrathecal granuloma formation has commonly been described with morphine therapy. It has been suggested that a high concentration of intrathecal morphine may be responsible for this complication. Much less commonly, intrathecal hydromorphone has been associated with intrathecal granuloma formation. In the current case we report the evaluation and management of an intrathecal granuloma in a patient receiving a relatively high concentration of intrathecal hydromorphone. A nonsurgical, conservative approach to management involves stopping the infusion and observing the patient for improvement as the granuloma mass often slowly resolves once the infusion is stopped. Cessation of the infusion or addition of clonidine to the IDDS admixture in conjunction with close clinical monitoring may be reasonable treatment options in patients with an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic inflammatory mass. In the current study, rapidly declining neurologic function with a confirmed inflammatory mass adherent to the spinal canal necessitated urgent surgical intervention. Though use of intrathecal hydromorphone still represents an off label application, this opiate is commonly employed as an alternative first line analgesic agent. This case report highlights the potential of high-dose and high infusate concentration intrathecal hydromorphone to form an inflammatory granuloma.
36-4: Effective Surface Treatment on the Cover Glass for Auto-Interior Applications (2016)

AG glass demonstrated strong scratch resistance and mechanical strength similar to Gorilla Glass® without AG. Surface treatment optimization needs to consider the main attributes: ambient CR, sparkle, and resolution of the display with suitable surface treatment for the Auto Interior display applications
Regulation of the fibronectin EDA exon alternative splicing. Cooperative role of the exonic enhancer element and the 5′ splicing site (1998)

Alternatively spliced exons generally contain weak splicing sites, and exonic and/or intronic regulatory elements recognised by trans-acting auxiliary splicing factors. The EDA exon of the fibronectin gene is a typical example of an exon bearing a purine-rich exon splicing enhancer (ESE) element recognised by members of the SR phosphoprotein family. The regulatory region that governs splicing in the human EDA exon also contains an exon splicing silencer (ESS) element. We have cloned the mouse EDA genomic region, and we show that the ESE and the ESS elements, although they have base differences, can be replaced by the human elements without significant change in the exon inclusion/exclusion ratio. This fact suggests a common splicing regulatory mechanism across species. We demonstrate in vivo the functional activity of the mouse ESE element in splicing. We also show that the trans-acting factors recognising this element cooperate with the 5' splicing site of the EDA exon to facilitate proper exon recognition. Indeed, a strong 5' splicing site overrides the ESE function in exon recognition. However, the presence of a strong 3' splicing site is not sufficient to compensate for the absence of the splicing enhancer. Our data provide in vivo evidence of the interplay between the exonic splicing regulatory elements and the splicing sites, leading finally to subtle regulation of alternative splicing.
Iron Transport Systems in <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> (2004)

Acquisition of iron and iron complexes has long been recognized as a major determinant in the pathogenesis of Neisseria meningitidis. In this review, high-affinity iron uptake systems, which allow meningococci to utilize the human host proteins transferrin, lactoferrin, hemoglobin, and haptoglobin-hemoglobin as sources of essential iron, are described. Classic features of bacterial iron transport systems, such as regulation by the iron-responsive repressor Fur and TonB-dependent transport activity, are discussed, as well as more specific features of meningococcal iron transport. Our current understanding of how N. meningitidis acquires iron from the human host and the vaccine potentials of various components of these iron transport systems are also reviewed.
Transcriptional interplay among the regulators Rrp2, RpoN and RpoS in Borrelia burgdorferi (2008)

The RpoN-RpoS alternative sigma factor pathway is essential for key adaptive responses by Borrelia burgdorferi, particularly those involved in the infection of a mammalian host. A putative response regulator, Rrp2, is ostensibly required for activation of the RpoN-dependent transcription of rpoS. However, questions remain regarding the extent to which the three major constituents of this pathway (Rrp2, RpoN and RpoS) act interdependently. To assess the functional interplay between Rrp2, RpoN and RpoS, we employed microarray analyses to compare gene expression levels in rrp2, rpoN and rpoS mutants of parental strain 297. We identified 98 genes that were similarly regulated by Rrp2, RpoN and RpoS, and an additional 47 genes were determined to be likely regulated by this pathway. The substantial overlap between genes regulated by RpoS and RpoN provides compelling evidence that these two alternative sigma factors form a congruous pathway and that RpoN regulates B. burgdorferi gene expression through RpoS. Although several known B. burgdorferi virulence determinants were regulated by the RpoN-RpoS pathway, a defined function has yet to be ascribed to most of the genes substantially regulated by Rrp2, RpoN and RpoS.
Imaging of Spinal Metastatic Disease (2011)

Metastases to the spine can involve the bone, epidural space, leptomeninges, and spinal cord. The spine is the third most common site for metastatic disease, following the lung and the liver. Approximately 60-70% of patients with systemic cancer will have spinal metastasis. Materials/Methods. This is a review of the imaging techniques and typical imaging appearances of spinal metastatic disease. Conclusions. Awareness of the different manifestations of spinal metastatic disease is essential as the spine is the most common site of osseous metastatic disease. Imaging modalities have complimentary roles in the evaluation of spinal metastatic disease. CT best delineates osseous integrity, while MRI is better at assessing soft tissue involvement. Physiologic properties, particularly in treated disease, can be evaluated with other imaging modalities such as FDG PET and advanced MRI sequences. Imaging plays a fundamental role in not only diagnosis but also treatment planning of spinal metastatic disease.
Tunneling and Weak-Link Superconductor Phenomena Having Potential Device Applications (1968)

A general physical picture of superconductor weak-link junctions is outlined with emphasis on phenomena relevant to device applications. The total junction current contains a dissipative quasiparticle component nearly analogous to the current in a normal-state junction plus an electron-pair component responsible for superconducting effects such as the Josephson effects. Stochastic relaxation processes such as have been commonly associated with vortex motion and flux flow sometimes perturb the pair current and must also be taken into account.
A new RBF neural network with GA-based fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm for SINS fault diagnosis (2009)

In this paper, a new radial basis function (RBF) neural network with fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed for the fault diagnosis of gyroscopes and accelerometers of strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS). The fuzzy c-means algorithm (FCM) tends to fall into the local optimum. The fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm combined with GA (FGA) obtains the global optimal cluster centers. FGA is used to provide the optimal cluster centers for RBF neural network, and a second order learning algorithm is used to train the parameters and weights of RBF neural network. Experimental results show that the proposed RBF neural network with FGA quickly converges and effectively improves the diagnostic accuracy rate of SINS fault diagnosis.
Power consumption modeling and characterization of the TI C6201 (2003)

This new approach characterizes power dissipation on complex dsps. its processor model relies on an initial functional-level power analysis of the target processor together with a characterization that qualifies the more significant architectural and algorithmic parameters for power dissipation. these parameters come from a simple profiling of the assembly code. This functional model accounts for deeply pipelined, superscalar, and hierarchical memory architectures.
Clinical application value of laparoscopic hepatectomy in treatment of liver neoplasms (2016)

Objective
To investigate the application value of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) in the treatment of liver neoplasms.


Methods
Clinical data of 78 patients with liver neoplasms undergoing hepatectomy in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2011 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the LH group (n=31) and open hepatectomy (OH) group (n=47). The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval had been received. Intra- and post-operative situation and liver function of two groups were compared. Normally distributed data of two groups were compared with t test, non-normally distributed data were compared with rank-sum test and the comparison of rate was conducted using Chi-square test.


Results
Intraoperative blood loss, length of wound, retention time of abdominal drainage catheter, postoperative start time of eating and average postoperative length of hospital stay in the LH group were 150(100-200) ml, 5(4-6) cm, 5(3-6) d, 2(2-2) d and (8±3) d, which were significantly less compared with 300(300-600) ml, 20 (18-20) cm, 8(6-10) d, 3(2-3) d and (12±4) d in the OH group (Z= -5.405, -7.760, -4.366, -3.746; t=-3.608; P<0.05). The hospitalization cost in the LH group was (51±7) thousand yuan, which was significantly higher than (45±10) thousand yuan in the OH group (t=3.198, P<0.05). On the postoperative 1, 3 day, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) in the LH group were 94(62-114), 47(42-58) and 116(68 -136), 46(39-50) U/L, which were significantly lower than 110(93-158), 152(95-220) and 141(97-236), 49(42-120) U/L in the OH group (Z=-2.416, -6.539, -2.764, -2.229; P<0.05). In the LH group, the serum levels of albumin (ALB) on the postoperative 1, 3 day were (31±6), (35±3) g/L, which were significantly higher compared with (25±5), (34±3) g/L (t=4.958, 2.191; P<0.05).


Conclusions
LH is an efficacious and safe treatment for liver neoplasms. Compared with OH, LH has obvious advantages of smaller incision and shorter recovery time.


Key words: 
Laparoscopes; Hepatectomy; Liver neoplasms
Dual-band optical coherence tomography using a single supercontinuum laser source (2016)

We developed a simultaneous visible-light (Vis) and near-infrared (NIR) dual-band optical coherence tomography (OCT) system using a single supercontinuum laser source. The goal was to benchmark our newly developed Vis-OCT against the well-developed NIR-OCT. The Vis-OCT subsystem operated at 91 nm full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) bandwidth centered at 566 nm; the NIR-OCT subsystem operated at 93 nm FWHM bandwidth centered at 841 nm. The axial resolutions were 1.8 and 4.4 μm in air for the Vis- and NIR-OCT subsystems, respectively. We compared the respective performances, including anatomical imaging, angiography, absolute retinal blood flow measurements, and spectroscopic analysis for retinal blood oxygen saturation (sO2), between the two subsystems in rodents in vivo. While demonstrating minor discrepancies related to operation wavelengths, both subsystems showed comparable performances in the first three tests. However, we were only able to retrieve sO2 using the Vis-OCT subsystem.
The role of Cdk7 in CAK function, a retro-retrospective (1998)

Most transitions in the eukaryotic cell cycle are catalyzed by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks, CDKs), complexes formed between a member of the Cdk family of protein kinases and a regulatory cyclin subunit. CDKs are among the most highly regulated enzymes known: Their activities are controlled through multiple mechanisms that include cyclin association, positive and negative phosphorylation events, negative regulation through association with Cdk inhibitors (CKIs), and association with accessory proteins such as Cks/Suc1 (Fig. 1) (reviewed in Morgan 1997). In addition to controlling Cdk activation, the cyclin subunit may also contribute to substrate specificity. These elaborate regulatory pathways reflect the critical roles of cyclin–kinases in the life of a cell; alterations that generate unregulated cyclin– kinase activity can promote improper proliferation that can result in developmental defects or proliferative diseases such as cancer (Sherr 1996). The Cdk subunit alone is inactive and requires both association with a cyclin and phosphorylation on a conserved threonine residue (T161 in human Cdc2 and T160 in human Cdk2) for full activation (Gould et al. 1991; Desai et al. 1992; Solomon et al. 1992; Connell-Crowley et al. 1993). In the case of Cdk2, these two events account for an increase in activity of greater than seven orders of magnitude (Connell-Crowley et al. 1993; Russo 1997). Cyclin A promotes Cdk2 activation by inducing two major structural changes in the kinase that are likely to be conserved in other cyclin/Cdk pairs (Jeffrey et al. 1996; Russo et al. 1996). First, cyclin binding leads to a conformational change in the amino-terminal PSTAIRE/helix that reorients the catalytic residue glutamate-51. This residue is conserved in all eukaryotic protein kinases and is involved in ATP binding. In addition, cyclin binding leads to a change in the orientation of the T-loop, the region of Cdk2 containing the activating threonine phosphorylation site T160. In the absence of cyclin, the T-loop blocks substrate access to the active site but the conformational changes induced by cyclin largely relieve this steric block. This conformational change in the T-loop may also be critical for the activating phosphorylation event because T160 is not particularly solvent-exposed in monomeric Cdk2 but is well exposed in the cyclin/Cdk2 complex. Completion of the Cdk activation process involves phosphorylation of the T-loop threonine by Cdk activating kinase (CAK), a modification that promotes further structural changes in the T-loop (Russo et al. 1996).
Optical Monitoring During Bioreactor Conditioning of Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves (2010)

Currently, one approach to tissue engineering has been to develop in vitro conditions to fabricate functional cardiovascular structures such as heart valves before final implantation. In vivo conditions are simulated using a bioreactor system that supplies cells with oxygen and culture media while providing mechanical stimulation to promote tissue maturation. In our experiment, we developed a novel combined optical monitoring and conditioning device. The entire system is made of acrylic glass and is completely transparent. The bioreactor is connected to an air-driven respirator pump, and the cell culture medium continuously circulates through a closed-loop system. By adjusting stroke volume, stroke rate, and inspiration/expiration time of the ventilator, the system allows various pulsatile flows and different levels of pressure. Our optical monitoring and conditioning device provides a sterile environment, mechanical stimulation, and optical monitoring for the in vitro maturation of a tissue-engineered heart valve. With the camera module attached, tissue-engineered valves can be observed during the entire in vitro phase. This setting helps to find the optimal dynamic conditions for tissue-engineered heart valves to mature by adjusting flow and pressure conditions to provide physiological opening and closing behavior of the heart valve construct.
Comparison of Aquatic Life Depicted in Illustrations and Plaster Casts of the Punt Relief from the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir El-Bahari (2005)

The primary objective of this study is to document differences between image characteristics of two sources (illustrations in Naville, 1898; and images in the cast of the relief at Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA) of the Punt relief from the temple of Hatshepsut at Deir El-Bahri. Our second is to compare cast images to photographs of the original relief. Characteristics of 30 species in the illustrations were described and compared to descriptions of the corresponding 30 species photographed from the cast at VMFA. The number of differences and similarities were recorded for each pair of corresponding icons and used to calculate percent difference hypothesized to be zero. Compared to cast images, all illustrations contained errors. Total average difference in the 30 icon comparisons was 43.5 % (s.d.=18.5; range=14.3-90.0%). Average number of errors between 300 external characteristics of cast images and illustrations was 4.5 (s.d.=2.16; range=1-9). Over 76% of the illustrations had three or more errors. Cast images were comparable to those in the original relief containing only 5 errors (1.6%). Results of a paired t-test indicated that the average character difference (41.8) between illustrations and cast and cast and relief was significant (t= 13.96; p>t=0.0001).We reject the hypothesis that there are no differences between illustrations and photographs of casts of aquatic species on Punt Relief from the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir El-Bahari, but accept the hypothesis that cast images are an accurate representation of the original relief depicted in photographs of Meyer (1913).
Oncogenes and the Molecular Basis of Cancer (1997)

This chapter contains sections titled: Tumour Initiation and Development Tumour Viruses and Cancer Proto-Oncogene Functions
Deletion of IGF-1 Receptors in Cardiomyocytes Attenuates Cardiac Aging in Male Mice (2015)

Abstract IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling is implicated in cardiac hypertrophy and longevity. However, the role of IGF-1R in age-related cardiac remodeling is only partially understood. We therefore sought to determine whether the deletion of the IGF-1R in cardiomyocytes might delay the development of aging-associated myocardial pathologies by examining 2-year-old male cardiomyocyte-specific IGF-1R knockout (CIGF1RKO) mice. Aging was associated with the induction of IGF-1R expression in hearts. Cardiomyocytes hypertrophied with age in wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, the cardiac hypertrophic response associated with aging was blunted in CIGF1RKO mice. Concomitantly, fibrosis was reduced in aged CIGF1RKO compared with aged WT hearts. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand was increased in aged WT hearts, but this increase was attenuated in aged CIGF1RKO hearts. Phosphorylation of Akt was increased in aged WT, but not in aged CIGF1RKO, hearts. In cultured cardiomyocytes, IGF-1 induced senescence as demonstrated by increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor inhibited this effect. Furthermore, inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase significantly prevented the increase in IL-1α, IL-1β, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, and p21 protein expression by IGF-1. These data reveal an essential role for the IGF-1-IGF-1R-Akt pathway in mediating cardiomyocyte senescence.
Multiple disease (fault) diagnosis with applications to the QMR-DT problem (2004)

In this paper, we present three classes of computationally efficient algorithms that can handle cases with hundreds of positive findings in QMR-DT(Quick Medical Reference, Decision-Theoretic) Network. These include Lagrangian Relaxation Algorithm (LRA), Primal Heuristic Algorithm (PHA), and Approximate Belief Revision Algorithm (ABR). These algorithms solve the QMR-DT problem by finding the most likely set of diseases given the findings. Extensive computational experiments have shown that LRA obtains the best solutions among the three algorithms proposed within a relatively small processing time. We also show that the Variational Probabilistic Inference method is a special case of our LRA. The solutions are generic and have application to multiple fault diagnosis in complex industrial systems.
Optimal energy density piezoelectric twisting actuators (2011)

The use of piezoelectric materials as actuators or sensors is widespread, and numerous actuator topologies and models have been developed. However, many of these applications do not place stringent requirements on actuator mass or energy density. Motivated by applications that do have strict requirements in these areas such as flapping-wing microrobots, a torsional piezoelectric actuator is developed. A model is presented that predicts output rotation, torque and energy density values; and allows optimization of these values based on actuator geometry. An emphasis is placed on actuator fabrication and testing for empirical validation of the model.