gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fish Classification Based on Robust Features Extraction From Color Signature Using Back-Propagation Classifier (2011)

Problem statement: Image recognition was a challenging problem researchers had been research into this area for so long especially in the recent years, due to distortion, noise, segmentation errors, overlap and occlusion of objects in digital images. In our study, there are many fields concern with pattern recognition, for example, fingerprint verification, face recognition, iris discrimination, chromosome shape discrimination, optical character recognition, texture discrimination and speech recognition, the subject of pattern recognition appears. A system for recognizing isolated pattern of interest may be as an approach for dealing with such application. Scientists and engineers with interests in image processing and pattern recognition have developed various approaches to deal with digital image recognition problems such as, neural network, contour matching and statistics. Approach: In this study, our aim was to recognize an isolated pattern of interest (fish) in the image based robust features extraction. Where depend on color signatures that are extracted by RGB color space, color histogram and gray level co-occurrence matrix. Results: We presented a system prototype for dealing with such problem. The system started by acquiring an image containing pattern of fish, then the image segmentation was performed relying on color signature. Our system has been applied on 20 different fish families, each family has a different number of fish types and our sample consists of distinct 610 of fish images. These images are divided into two datasets: 400 training images and 210 testing images. An overall accuracy was obtained using back-propagation classifier was 84% on the test dataset used. Conclusion: We developed a classifier for fish images recognition. We efficiently have chosen an image segmentation method to fit our demands. Our classifier successfully design and implement a decision which performed efficiently without any problems. Eventually, the classifier was able to categorize the given fish into its cluster and categorize the clustered fish into its poison or nonpoison fish and categorizes the poison and non-poison fish into its family.
Switching properties of bulk-effect digital devices (1970)

The required trigger-pulse width and height for triggering a dipole domain in n-GaAs bulk devices were obtained analytically. Further switching properties of the three-terminal Gunn-effect digital devices have been made clear experimentally.
Oxaliplatin: a new drug for the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum. (2003)

Oxaliplatin is a useful agent in combination with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin for the treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum whose disease has recurred or progressed during or within 6 months of completion of first-line therapy (a combination of bolus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and irinotecan). Oxaliplatin works by disrupting DNA replication and transcription and is cell-cycle nonspecific. In vitro, oxaliplatin has shown activity against numerous tumor lines, but it has only been approved for the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum.
GROUNDED UNIAXIAL MATERIAL SLABS AS MAGNETIC CONDUCTORS (2009)

The objective of this paper is all-angle artiflcial magnetic conductor, i.e., artiflcial magnetic conductor that has stable magnetic- wall efiect with respect to the incidence angle. Furthermore, we seek for a design that would be easy for manufacturing. In order to achieve this we use grounded uniaxial material slabs and we do not constrict ourselves to naturally available materials. Instead, we assume that the desired parameters can be synthesized using the emerging artiflcial electromagnetic materials. It is found that it is possible to have an all-angle magnetic-wall efiect for both TE and TM polarization. Especially for the TM flelds the structure would be easily manufacturable. The proposed structure has similar appearance as more well-known artiflcial impedance surfaces, but the design parameters and the physical properties behind the magnetic wall efiect are novel. The performance of the proposed artiflcial magnetic conductor is verifled with numerical simulations. This paper introduces a new approach how to obtain a magnetic-wall efiect. It is possible to use this this approach also together with other ways of obtaining the magnetic-wall efiect for dual-band operation.
Attention-Gated Graph Convolutions for Extracting Drug Interaction\n Information from Drug Labels (2019)

Preventable adverse events as a result of medical errors present a growing\nconcern in the healthcare system. As drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may lead to\npreventable adverse events, being able to extract DDIs from drug labels into a\nmachine-processable form is an important step toward effective dissemination of\ndrug safety information. In this study, we tackle the problem of jointly\nextracting drugs and their interactions, including interaction outcome, from\ndrug labels. Our deep learning approach entails composing various intermediate\nrepresentations including sequence and graph based context, where the latter is\nderived using graph convolutions (GC) with a novel attention-based gating\nmechanism (holistically called GCA). These representations are then composed in\nmeaningful ways to handle all subtasks jointly. To overcome scarcity in\ntraining data, we additionally propose transfer learning by pre-training on\nrelated DDI data. Our model is trained and evaluated on the 2018 TAC DDI\ncorpus. Our GCA model in conjunction with transfer learning performs at 39.20%\nF1 and 26.09% F1 on entity recognition (ER) and relation extraction (RE)\nrespectively on the first official test set and at 45.30% F1 and 27.87% F1 on\nER and RE respectively on the second official test set corresponding to an\nimprovement over our prior best results by up to 6 absolute F1 points. After\ncontrolling for available training data, our model exhibits state-of-the-art\nperformance by improving over the next comparable best outcome by roughly three\nF1 points in ER and 1.5 F1 points in RE evaluation across two official test\nsets.\n
Neural transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells – a critical review (2005)

The classic concept of stem cell differentiation can be illustrated as driving into a series of one-way streets, where a given stem cell through generations of daughter cells becomes correspondingly restricted and committed towards a definitive lineage with fully differentiated cells as end points. According to this concept, tissue-derived adult stem cells can only give rise to cells and cell lineages found in the natural, specified tissue of residence. During the last few years it has, however, been reported that under certain experimental conditions adult stem cells may lose their tissue or germ layer-specific phenotypes and become reprogrammed to transdifferentiate into cells of other germ layers and tissues. The transdifferentiation process is referred to as "stem cell plasticity". Mesenchymal stem cells, present in various tissues, including bone marrow, have--besides differentiation into bone, cartilage, smooth muscle and skeletal muscle--also been reported to transdifferentiate into skin, liver and brain cells (neurons and glia). Conversely, neural stem cells have been reported to give rise to blood cells. The actual occurrence of transdifferentiation is currently much debated, but would have immense clinical potential in cell replacement therapy and regenerative medicine. Controlled neural differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells might thus become an important source of cells for cell therapy of neurodegenerative diseases, since autologous adult mesenchymal stem cells are more easily harvested and effectively expanded than corresponding neural stem cells. This article provides a critical review of the reports of neural transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, and proposes a set of criteria to be fulfilled for validation of transdifferentiation.
Direct optical injection locking of 20 GHz superlatticeoscillators (1994)

For the first time, a direct optically injection-locked oscillator based on the Esaki-Tsu effect in superlattices is reported. The microwave output power is –7 dBm at 20 GHz with an optical input power of –10 dBm at a wavelength of 1.3 µm.
Investigation of electrochemical properties and performance of stimulation/sensing electrodes for pacemaker applications (2005)

General anaesthetics are some of the most widely used and essential therapeutic agents. However, despite over a century of research, the molecular mechanisms of general anaesthesia in the central nervous system remain elusive. Ketamine (ketamine hydrochloride) has been approved for use in general anaesthesia either alone or in combination with other medications. It is a superb drug for use in short-term medical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation, and it has approval for the induction of general anaesthesia as a pre-anaesthetic to other general anaesthetic agents. However, Several questions remain unsolved, including the exact identification of the neural substrate of consciousness and its components, the pharmacodynamic interactions between anaesthetic agents, the mechanisms of cognitive alterations that follow an anaesthetic procedure, the identification of an eventual unitary mechanism of anaesthesia-induced alteration of consciousness, the relationship between network effects and the biochemical targets of anaesthetic agents, leading to difficulties in between-studies comparisons. Thus, the glutamate and dopamine systems play distinct roles in terms of neuronal signalling, yet both have proposed to contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. Imaging of the glutamate system and other aspects of research on the dopamine system have produced less consistent findings, potentially due to methodological limitations and the heterogeneity of the disorder. In this review, we discuss the neural circuits through which the two systems interact and how their disruption may cause psychotic symptoms. We also summarize from a molecular perspective of mechanisms of action of ketamine as general anaesthetics on ligand-gated ion channels mediated modulation of dopamine in the brain region.
Probleme bei der paranoiden Symptombildung (1963)

1. Eine fruhere Arbeit, die nur in danischer Sprache zuganglich ist, uber die Bedeutung des Verfolgers im paranoid-persekutorischen Syndrom wird kurz referiert. Es wurden hier die narzistischen Elemente im Erleben vom Verfolger des paranoiden Patienten hervorgehoben und mit kasuistischem Material belegt. Es wurde auch beschrieben, das der Verfolger als geisteskrank erlebt werden kann, und in der Diskussion wurde dann eine wenig beachtete Determinante fur das Erlebnis des Verfolgtwerdens beschrieben: Die Geisteskrankheit oder, genauer gesagt, der psychotische Teil der Personlichkeit als Verfolger. In der jetzigen Arbeit werden diese Ergebnisse mit neuem, kasuistischem Material erganzt und besonders die Bedeutung einer teilweisen Krankheitseinsicht fur die paranoide Symptombildung bei Krankheiten des schizophrenen und paranoiden Formenkreises hervorgehoben. Diese Krankheitseinsicht kann sich als Gewisheit oder manifeste Angst, geisteskrank zu sein, zeigen oder latent hinter Abwehrmechanismen verborgen sein. Sie kann verleugnet oder verdrangt sein, eine Projektion kann versucht werden oder ein anscheinend realistisches Symptom (besonders eine Hypochondrie) kann vorgeschoben und mit Energie uberbesetzt werden. 2. Ausgehend von einigen Bemerkungen Freuds uber die Traume paranoider Patienten wird beschrieben, wie in einem latent-paranoiden Zustand psychotische Vorstellungen und die Angst, geisteskrank zu sein, in den Traumen zum Vorschein kommen konnen. Psychotische Erlebnisse und Phantasien, die wahrscheinlich im Unbewusten, teilweise vielleicht im Vorbewusten, der Patienten praformiert vorhanden sind, verschaffen sich durch das Nachlassen der Zensur im Schlafzustand Zutritt zum Bewustsein des Traumenden. Dies wird mit Beispielen aus einer eigenen Krankengeschichte und aus dem Fall Schreber dargestellt und die diagnostische Bedeutung dieses Phanomens diskutiert. 3. Ausgehend von den hypochondrischen Symptomen Schrebers werden gewisse Aspekte der hypochondrischen Symptombildung bei der Paranoia besprochen. Der masochistische Charakter der Hypochondrie wird hervorgehoben; in ihren Klagen beschreiben die Patienten die Zerstorungen und Leiden, die ihnen von einer boshaften Umwelt zugefugt werden, und die Bedeutung der Projektion der eigenen Aggressivitat wird erwahnt. Es werden dann Falle beschrieben, bei denen im klinischen Bild die Hypochondrie derart dominiert, das ein dahinter liegender Verfolgungswahn nur schwer nachweisbar ist. Offenbar haben solche Patienten eine teilweise Krankheitseinsicht bezuglich des unrealistischen Charakters der Verfolgungsideen, der Halluzinationen und anderer psychotischer Manifestationen, und wehren sich gegen den psychotischen Zusammenbruch durch eine Uberbesetzung der hypochondrischen Symptombildungen. Dieses Phanomen wurde von Mack Brunswick in ihrer Arbeit uber die Reanalyse des Wolfsmannes klar beschrieben, wurde aber nach Ansicht es Verfassers nicht genugend beachtet.
The prospects of developing a highly energy-efficient water electrolyser by eliminating or mitigating bubble effects (2021)

This work considers the prospects of developing a commercially-feasible water electrolyser with 95–100% energy efficiency (relative to the Higher Heating Value, HHV, of hydrogen) at the cells in the near future.
Head tracking for the Oculus Rift (2014)

We present methods for efficiently maintaining human head orientation using low-cost MEMS sensors. We particularly address gyroscope integration and compensation of dead reckoning errors using gravity and magnetic fields. Although these problems have been well-studied, our performance criteria are particularly tuned to optimize user experience while tracking head movement in the Oculus Rift Development Kit, which is the most widely used virtual reality headset to date. We also present novel predictive tracking methods that dramatically reduce effective latency (time lag), which further improves the user experience. Experimental results are shown, along with ongoing research on positional tracking.
The soft tissue barrier at implants and teeth (1991)

In the present animal experiment, analyses and comparisons were made between the structure and composition of clinically healthy supraalveolar soft tissues adjacent to implants and teeth. 5 beagle dogs were used. The right mandibular premolar region was selected in each dog for placement of titanium implants, while the left mandibular premolar region served as control. Extractions of the mandibular premolars were preformed, healing allowed, following which titanium fixtures were installed in the edentolous premolar region. Abutment connection was carried out 3 months later. After another 2 months of healing, plaque control was initiated and maintained for 8 weeks. At the end of the plaque control period, clinical examinations were performed and biopsies harvested from the implant site and the contralateral premolar tooth region. Following fixation and decalcification, all tissue samples were embedded in EPON and examined by histometric and morphometric means. The result from the analyses demonstrated that the periimplant mucosa which formed at titanium implants following abutment connection had many features in common with gingival tissue at teeth. Thus, like the gingiva, the peri-implant mucosa established a cuff-like barrier which adhered to the surface of the titanium abutment. Further, both the gingiva and the peri-implant mucosa had a well-keratinized oral epithelium which was continuous with a junctional epithelium that faced the enamel or the titanium surface. In the periimplant mucosa, the collagen fibers appeared to commence at the marginal bone and were parallel with the abutment surface. All gingival and periimplant units examined were free from infiltrates of inflammatory cells. It was suggested that under the conditions of study, both types of soft tissues, gingiva and periimplant mucosa, have a proper potential to prevent subgingival plaque formation.
Synthesis of communication schedules for TTEthernet-based mixed-criticality systems (2012)

In this paper we are interested in safety-critical distributed systems, composed of heterogeneous processing elements interconnected using the TTEthernet protocol. We address hard real-time mixed-criticality applications, which may have different criticality levels, and we focus on the optimization of the communication configuration. TTEthernet integrates three types of traffic: Time-Triggered (TT) messages, Event-Triggered (ET) messages with bounded end-to-end delay, also called Rate Constrained (RC) messages, and Best-Effort (BE) messages, for which no timing guarantees are provided. TT messages are transmitted based on static schedule tables, and have the highest priority. RC messages are transmitted if there are no TT messages, and BE traffic has the lowest priority. TT and RC traffic can carry safety-critical messages, while BE messages are non-critical. Mixed-criticality tasks and messages can be integrated onto the same architecture only if there is enough spatial and temporal separation among them. TTEthernet offers spatial separation for mixed-criticality messages through the concept of virtual links, and temporal separation, enforced through schedule tables for TT messages and bandwidth allocation for RC messages. Given the set of mixed-criticality messages in the system and the topology of the virtual links on which the messages are transmitted, we are interested to synthesize offline the static schedules for the TT messages, such that the deadlines for the TT and RC messages are satisfied, and the end-to-end delay of the RC traffic is minimized. We have proposed a Tabu Search-based approach to solve this optimization problem. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated using several benchmarks.
Experimental Thin-Film, Etched-Circuit Rectenna (2005)

The design and experimental evaluation of a 2.45 GHz thin-film etched-circuit rectenna based upon the use of Mylar or Kapton F film is discussed. Efficiencies of 85% and DC power output to mass ratios of one watt per gram have been achieved.
A phase 2 study of aztreonam lysine for inhalation to treat patients with cystic fibrosis and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> infection (2007)

These data support the further development of AZLI and provide information for the design of subsequent studies.
RAN proteins and RNA foci from antisense transcripts in <i>C9ORF72</i> ALS and frontotemporal dementia (2013)

The finding that a GGGGCC (G4C2) hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the chromosome 9 ORF 72 (C9ORF72) gene is a common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) links ALS/FTD to a large group of unstable microsatellite diseases. Previously, we showed that microsatellite expansion mutations can be bidirectionally transcribed and that these mutations express unexpected proteins by a unique mechanism, repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation. In this study, we show that C9ORF72 antisense transcripts are elevated in the brains of C9ORF72 expansion-positive [C9(+)] patients, and antisense GGCCCC (G2C4) repeat-expansion RNAs accumulate in nuclear foci in brain. Additionally, sense and antisense foci accumulate in blood and are potential biomarkers of the disease. Furthermore, we show that RAN translation occurs from both sense and antisense expansion transcripts, resulting in the expression of six RAN proteins (antisense: Pro-Arg, Pro-Ala, Gly-Pro; and sense: Gly-Ala, Gly-Arg, Gly-Pro). These proteins accumulate in cytoplasmic aggregates in affected brain regions, including the frontal and motor cortex, hippocampus, and spinal cord neurons, with some brain regions showing dramatic RAN protein accumulation and clustering. The finding that unique antisense G2C4 RNA foci and three unique antisense RAN proteins accumulate in patient tissues indicates that bidirectional transcription of expanded alleles is a fundamental pathologic feature of C9ORF72 ALS/FTD. Additionally, these findings suggest the need to test therapeutic strategies that target both sense and antisense RNAs and RAN proteins in C9ORF72 ALS/FTD, and to more broadly consider the role of antisense expression and RAN translation across microsatellite expansion diseases.
Synergism between Coenzyme and Aldehyde Binding to Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase (1983)

Aldehyde binding to liver alcohol dehydrogenase in the absence and presence of coenzymes has been characterized by spectrometric equilibrium methods, using auramine O and bipyridine as reporter ligands. Free enzyme shows a significant affinity for aldehydes, and equilibrium constants for dissociation of the binary complexes formed with typical aldehyde substrates are reported. Binary-complex formation does not lead to any detectable inner-sphere coordination of aldehydes to the catalytic zinc ion of the enzyme subunit. Complex formation with NAD+ or NADH increases the affinity of the enzyme for aromatic aldehydes by a factor of 1.8 - 3.5 and 6-17, respectively. Benzaldehyde and dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde binding to the enzyme . NAD+ complex is not detectably associated with inner-sphere coordination of the aldehyde to zinc. It is concluded that binding of NADH is required to induce catalytically adequate bonding interactions between enzyme and aromatic aldehydes. The effect of reduced coenzyme in this respect is attributed to hydrophobic interactions leading to dehydration of the active-site region, which allows aldehyde substrates to compete successfully with water for inner-sphere coordination to the catalytic zinc ion. Oxidized coenzyme is proposed to have a similar promoting effect on metal coordination of aldehydes which function as substrates for the dismutase activity of the enzyme.
El IEMath: pocas luces, bastantes sombras y muchas miserias (2009)

Este articulo contiene un relato de los acontecimientos que han acompanado el intento de creacion del Instituto Espanol de Matematicas (IEMath), incluyendo comentarios sobre el pasado reciente y el presente de esta iniciativa.
Aberrant crypts in human colonic mucosa: Putative preneoplastic lesions (1992)

Aberrant crypts are recognized in methylene blue-stained, unsectioned, colonic mucosa by their increased size, elliptical lumenal opening, thicker epithelial layer, and increased pericryptal region. Aberrant crypt foci in rodents are observed as early as 2 weeks and for at least 9 months after a single dose of carcinogen, have a distribution that parallels that of tumors, and have an increased number of aberrant crypts per focus with time after the carcinogen dose. The ability to quantify these lesions in the entire colon of rodents in less than an hour suggests that aberrant crypts may provide a highly efficient in vivo bioassay for colon carcinogens. Since aberrant crypt foci appear to be the earliest identifiable putative precursors of colon cancer, they represent lesions that can be characterized further for the earliest genetic and biochemical alterations. In F344 rats, we have demonstrated that aberrant crypts have multiple histochemically-detectable enzyme alterations. Using similar techniques, we were the first to demonstrate aberrant crypts in unsectioned human mucosa. After embedding and sectioning, these microscopic aberrant crypts resemble rare lesions described earlier in the literature after extensive serial sectioning. In rats and humans, aberrant crypts may be histologically normal or display varying degrees of dysplasia and histochemically-detectable altered enzyme activities. These putative, preneoplastic lesions should reveal early changes that precede colon cancer and ways to alter their progression.