gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eliciting high quality feedback from crowdsourced tree networks using continuous scoring rules (2013)

Eliciting accurate information on any object (perhaps a new product or service or person) using the wisdom of a crowd of individuals utilizing web-based platforms such as social networks is an important and interesting problem. Peer-prediction method is one of the known efforts in this direction but is limited to a single level of participating nodes. We non-trivially generalize the peer-prediction mechanism to the setting of a tree network of participating nodes that would get formed when the query about the object originates at a root node and propagates to nodes in a social network through forwarding. The feedback provided by the participating nodes must be aggregated hierarchically to generate a high quality answer at the root level. In the proposed tree-based peer-prediction mechanism, we use proper scoring rules for continuous distributions and prove that honest reporting is a Nash Equilibrium when prior probabilities are common knowledge in the tree and the observations made by the sibling nodes are stochastically relevant. To compute payments, we explore the logarithmic, quadratic, and spherical scoring rules using techniques from complex analysis. Through detailed simulations, we obtain several insights including the relationship between the budget of the mechanism designer and the quality of answer generated at the root node.
Myeloid-associated antigen expression lacks prognostic value in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with intensive multiagent chemotherapy (1990)

Frequency and clinical significance of myeloid-associated antigen expression in blast cells were assessed in 372 consecutive children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A comprehensive panel of myeloid monoclonal antibodies representing seven cluster groups showed myeloid-associated antigen expression in 61 cases (16.4%), 18 of which expressed two or more antigens. The antigens expressed comprised CD11b (8.9% of the total series), CD13 (6.5%), CD33 (3.2%), CD36 (1.9%), CD15 (1.6%), CD14 (1.3%), and CDw12 (1.1%). No significant associations were found between myeloid-associated antigen expression and the presence of known adverse prognostic features (eg, higher leukocyte count, nonwhite race, older age). Myeloid-associated antigen expression had no effect on remission induction or event-free survival for the 267 children who had been treated with the same combination of chemotherapeutic agents (P = .34). Thus, blast cell expression of myeloid-associated antigens in childhood ALL appears to lack prognostic value in the context of contemporary intensive chemotherapy.
Antitumor triptycene bisquinones: a novel synthetic class of dual inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase I and II activities (2003)

Synthetic triptycene analogs (TT code number) mimic the antitumor effects of daunorubicin in the nanomolar range in vitro, but have the advantage of blocking nucleoside transport and retaining their efficacy in multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumor cells. Since TT bisquinones induce poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 cleavage at 6 h and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation at 24 h, which are, respectively, early and late markers of apoptosis, these lead antitumor drugs were tested for their ability to trigger the DNA topoisomerase (Topo) inhibitions responsible for the initial and massive high-molecular-weight cleavage of DNA required for tumor cells to commit apoptosis. Interestingly, antitumor TTs have the unusual ability to inhibit, in a concentration-dependent manner, the relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA catalyzed by both purified human Topo I and II enzymes. However, if there is a relationship between the ability of TT analogs to inhibit Topo activities and their quinone functionality and cytotoxicity, it is far from perfect, suggesting that other molecular targets may be involved in the mechanism of action of these antitumor drugs. Moreover, one of the most cytotoxic TT bisquinone, 6-bromo-7-methoxy- or 7-bromo-6-methoxy-2-N-methylamino-1 H,4 H,5 H,8H-9,10-dihydro-9,10-[1',2']benzenoanthracene-1,4,5,8-tetraone (TT24), inhibits Topo II activity more effectively than amsacrine (m-AMSA) and matches the Topo I inhibitory effect of camptothecin (CPT). The dual inhibitory activity of TT24 is substantiated by the findings that TT24 mimics the action of m-AMSA in the Topo II assay, where the Topo I inhibitor CPT is ineffective, and also mimics the action of CPT in the Topo I assay, where the Topo II inhibitor etoposide is ineffective. Because of their ability to target nucleoside transport and topoisomerase activities, synthetic TT bisquinones might represent a novel class of bifunctional drugs valuable to develop new means of polychemotherapy and circumvent MDR.
Optical performance monitoring techniques for high capacity optical networks (2010)

Optical performance monitoring is an important function for high capacity optical transmission system. In this paper, we summarize some of the recent work we have carried out in this area. In particular, PMD independent OSNR monitoring, OSNR monitoring using half symbol delay for SNR monitoring of RZ-DQPSK signal and signed residue dispersion monitoring of CSRZ-DQPSK signal using delay tap sampling and asymmetry ratio are presented.
A retargetable optimizing code generator for digital signal processors (2002)

Efficient DSP software synthesis for systems with stringent cost and power constraints requires tools which minimize code size as well as tools to evaluate processor architectures for a given application. In this paper, we introduce a user retargetable code generator translating homogeneous atomic data flow graphs into high-quality DSP assembly code. By using a target architecture description file, flexibility in the design process is enhanced without impairing final code quality. Based on a trellis tree straight-line code generation algorithm, we present a method for code compaction and register optimization to exploit instruction level parallelism. The results of our code generator match the quality of assembly programs which were coded by hand and thoroughly optimized.
Szarvasok, paraziták és más apróságok a legelőn – egy soktényezős, változatos biocönózis: A „Vad- és legelőgazdálkodás időszerű kérdései” című tanácskozás (MTA Budapest – Kaposvári Egyetem, 2006. május 18-19.) tudományos közleményei (2006)

Red, roe and fallow deer have outstanding importance in game management and hunting in Hungary. They live in very diverse ecological circumstances affected by parasites and other ecological factors (Table1). Among the many parasites, lungworms are considered to be the most significant, at least for animals in captivity. Species differentiation in large lungworms (Dictyocaulidae) on the basis of their morphological features is difficult; therefore, the sequencing of ITS2 of rDNA has become a useful tool for their genetic characterization. In our study, in addition to the typical Dictyocaulus eckerti ITS2 sequence another sequence is derived, which is significantly different from the known D. eckerti and D. viviparus sequence characteristics. This indicates the real need for a large-scale molecular, systematic study of Dictyocaulus specimens from red, fallow and roe deer from an epidemiological point of view.In the period of host to host (deer), lungworm larvae (L1) on the pasture face many different environmental factors, including enemies and helpers. Number of L1s can be strongly reduced by dung beetle imagos as small predators. At the same time Pilobolus fungi help L1s to be spread on the ground vegetation, and improve and equalize the chance to get into the final hosts (deer) in the case of large lungworms (direct development) or into the intermediate hosts (terrestrial snails) for the necessary larval development of the Protostrongylidae species. Dung-breeding flies (Diptera) complete the set of factors. This is the uniquely functioning „micro”-biocenosis on the deer pasture.Deer herds, especially those kept intensively (eg. deer farm), are usually routinely treated with anti-parasitic chemicals, such as albendazol or ivermectin. A number of studies demonstrate that the later is toxic for the dung utilizing insects (dung beetles and flies) inhibiting the normal ecological processes: the decomposition of feces and reduction of lungworm larvae. The necessity of chemotherapy against lungworm is questionable. If we know that in sound ecological circumstances (healthy deer with good immune response on one side, and sound pasture as a well functioning biocenosis on the other), these parasites are harmless due to the long-term coevolution with their deer hosts, we may discontinue using anti-parasitics. Furthermore, because of the long food-hygienic waiting period (3-6 weeks), it is even contraindicated in terms of eco production of meat products, such as venison.
US Food and Drug Administration utilization of postmarketing requirements and postmarketing commitments, 2009–2018 (2021)

The US Food and Drug Administration approves most new therapeutics with at least 1 postmarketing requirement or commitment for a clinical study, and outlines investigations of safety or efficacy for both approved and unapproved indications. The median number of 2 clinical studies outlined has remained relatively constant over the last decade. Given increasing emphasis by the US Food and Drug Administration on faster approval and lifecycle evaluation of therapeutics, these findings suggest that more postmarketing requirements and commitments may be necessary to address gaps in the clinical evidence available for therapeutics at approval.
Introducing #Dasher, A continuous gesture IDE, A work in progress paper (2005)

Abstract. A work in progress Integrated Development Environment, #Dasher, based on continuous gestures is introduced. The challenges of such a user interface are considered with concept exploration studies and concept demonstrators. The language modelling requirements are considered and some other applications of the technology are discussed. Finally some questions currently being investigated are mentioned. 1
Melatonin Administration Alters Semen Quality in Healthy Men (2002)

The role of melatonin in the regulation of reproduction in humans is unknown. We conducted a 6-month, double-blind, crossover study of a daily treatment dose of 3 mg melatonin or placebo given orally at 1700 hours in 8 healthy men. Semen quality (concentration, motility, and morphology), serum and seminal plasma 17-beta-estradiol (E(2)), testosterone, melatonin, and serum gonadotropin levels were determined every 3 months throughout the study. In 6 men, there was no change in semen quality or in serum and seminal plasma hormone levels during the study period. In 2 men, during the melatonin treatment period, sperm concentration decreased to 3 x 10(6)/mL and 12 x 10(6)/mL, and motility declined to 32% and 30%. These coincided with a decline in seminal plasma and serum E(2) levels and with an increase in testosterone:E(2) ratios. Six months after the cessation of melatonin, sperm concentration and motility were normal in 1 man but remained abnormal in the other one with a still elevated testosterone:E(2) ratio. Serum gonadotropin levels were unchanged during the study in all 8 men. Our preliminary observations suggest that long-term melatonin administration is associated with decreased semen quality in a number of healthy men, probably through the inhibition of aromatase at the testicular level.
Hes1 Regulates Corneal Development and the Function of Corneal Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells (2008)

Hes1, a major target gene in Notch signaling, regulates the fate and differentiation of various cell types in many developmental systems. To gain a novel insight into the role of Hes1 in corneal tissue, we performed gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies. We show that corneal development was severely disturbed in Hes1-null mice. Hes1-null corneas manifested abnormal junctional specialization, cell differentiation, and less cell proliferation ability. Worthy of note, Hes1 is expressed mainly in the corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells and is not detected in the differentiated corneal epithelial cells. Expression of Hes1 is closely linked with corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cell proliferation activity in vivo. Moreover, forced Hes1 expression inhibits the differentiation of corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells and maintains these cells' undifferentiated state. Our data provide the first evidence that Hes1 regulates corneal development and the homeostatic function of corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells.
CCN2 (Connective Tissue Growth Factor) Promotes Fibroblast Adhesion to Fibronectin (2004)

In vivo, CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor) promotes angiogenesis, osteogenesis, tissue repair, and fibrosis, through largely unknown mechanisms. In vitro, CCN2 promotes cell adhesion in a variety of systems via integrins and heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). However, the physiological relevance of CCN2-mediated cell adhesion is unknown. Here, we find that HSPGs and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade are required for adult human dermal fibroblasts to adhere to CCN2. Endogenous CCN2 directly binds fibronectin and the fibronectin receptors integrins alpha4 beta1 and alpha5 and syndecan 4. Using Ccn2-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we show that loss of endogenous CCN2 results in impaired spreading on fibronectin, delayed alpha-smooth muscle actin stress fiber formation, and reduced ERK and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. These results suggest that a physiological role of CCN2 is to potentiate the ability of fibroblasts to spread on fibronectin, which may be important in modulating fibroblast adhesion to the provisional matrix during tissue development and wound healing. These results are consistent with the notion that a principal function of CCN2 is to modulate receptor/ligand interactions in vivo.
Nanoscale structure and magnetic properties of nd-fe-nb-b-c permanent magnets (2003)

We investigated the nanoscale structure and magnetic properties of Nd/sub 2/(FeNb)/sub 14/(BC)//spl alpha/-Fe. We studied several alloy compositions and the effect of C and Nb on the properties, and thus produced a new alloy of Nd/sub 9/Fe/sub 85.5/Nb/sub 1.0/B/sub 4/C/sub 0.5/. Its mean grain size is about 40 nm. Grain refinement enhanced the remanence, because of greater ferromagnetic exchange coupling between the hard and soft magnetic phase grains. Annealing improved the properties further. By optimizing the processing conditions, we obtained relatively high performance [J/sub r/=1.099 T, H/sub ci/=518.3 kA/m, J/sub r//J/sub s/=0.82, (BH)/sub max/=137.8 kJ/m/sup 3/] when the alloy was annealed at 700/spl deg/C for 15 min. We examined the magnetic domain structure in the nanophase alloy by magnetic force microscopy. The length of the magnetic contrast in the alloy is in the range of 450-550 nm, much bigger than the mean grain size. Here, we interpret the length in terms of interaction domains, which originate from the exchange coupling effect.
Displacement Sensor Based on Diamond-Shaped Tapered Split Ring Resonator (2012)

Split-ring resonators (SRRs) are ideal structures for the realization of compact high-sensitivity and high-resolution sensors due to their high-quality factor resonance, compact size, and high sensitivity to changes in the constituent materials and physical dimensions. This paper presents a displacement sensor based on a diamond-shaped tapered SRR coupled to a coplanar waveguide. Two significant improvements over previous designs are reported. Firstly, the proposed sensor has higher dynamic range and linearity for displacement sensing. Secondly, compared with previous designs, where the displacement changes both the resonant frequency and depth of the transmission notch, the proposed sensor has a fixed resonant frequency. This is an important improvement since the sensor can be operated at a single fixed frequency and bypass the need for a frequency-sweeping microwave source and measurement system such as an expensive network analyzer. It is shown that, while preserving the compact size, the proposed sensor also benefits from a lower operating frequency. The design principle and simulation results are validated through measurement.
The effects of nucleoside analogs on telomerase and telomeres in<i>Tetrahymena</i> (1994)

The ribonucleoprotein enzyme telomerase is a specialized type of cellular reverse transcriptase which synthesizes one strand of telomeric DNA, using as the template a sequence in the RNA moiety of telomerase. We analyzed the effects of various nucleoside analogs, known to be chain-terminating inhibitors of retroviral reverse transcriptases, on Tetrahymena thermophila telomerase activity in vitro. We also analyzed the effects of such analogs on telomere length and maintenance in vivo, and on vegetative growth and mating of Tetrahymena cells. Arabinofuranyl-guanosine triphosphate (Ara-GTP) and ddGTP both efficiently inhibited telomerase activity in vitro, while azidothymidine triphosphate (AZT-TP), dideoxyinosine triphosphate (ddITP) or ddTTP were less efficient inhibitors. All of these nucleoside triphosphate analogs, however, produced analog-specific alterations of the normal banding patterns seen upon gel electrophoresis of the synthesis products of telomerase, suggesting that their chain terminating and/or competitive actions differ at different positions along the RNA template. The analogs AZT, 3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine (d4T) and Ara-G in nucleoside form caused consistent and rapid telomere shortening in vegetatively growing Tetrahymena. In contrast, ddG or ddI had no effect on telomere length or cell growth rates. AZT caused growth rates and viability to decrease in a fraction of cells, while Ara-G had no such effects even after several weeks in culture. Neither AZT, Ara-G, acycloguanosine (Acyclo-G), ddG nor ddI had any detectable effect on cell mating, as assayed by quantitation of the efficiency of formation of progeny from mated cells. However, AZT decreased the efficiency of programmed de novo telomere addition during macronuclear development in mating cells.
India! On the Way to Global Movement on Quality Early Childhood Care and Education (2016)

Ensuring Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) is one of the focus themes of Education for All movement conceived at the World Conference (1990) and World Education Forum (2000). Countries have keenly pursued ECCE, the first goal of Education for All and prepared well to fulfil their commitments towards this. The commitment envisages to ensure that all children, irrespective of gender and social group, get access to quality ECCE that enable them to attain necessary skills, knowledge, values and attitude. But in many countries, the progress towards Education for All goal is not enough and India is one of them. Eventually, the goal was considered to be achieved in long-term through the improved implementation of quality components of ECCE and acquiring the holistic approach to improve the functioning of ECCE programs. Realising this, the provision of ‘quality ECCE’ became one of the vision for education by 2030 as per the ‘Incheon Declaration, Education 2030’, accepted during the World Education Forum, 2015. This paper explores the synchronisation between global target for achieving quality ECCE and preparedness of India.
Naming and addressing in a computer-based mail environment (1982)

In a computer-based mail environment, digital addresses (i.e., the equivalent of telephone numbers) are sufficient to allow the mail system to perform forwarding and delivery. However, digital addresses are not easily remembered by people and some of the intelligence inherent in the system must be used to provide a more humanly engineered addressing scheme. This paper proposes a two-stage approach. In the first stage, a set of attributes (names, postal address, company affiliation, etc.) is mapped into an identifier which designates a single originator or recipient (O/R) of mail. This mapping is performed via a database query dialog and is executed prior to the posting of a mail item. The O/R identifier designates an O/R invariant to its current location and is the primary information by which the mail system decides to whom mail must be delivered. In the second stage, the mail system converts the O/R identifier into an address which is then used by the mail system for forwarding and delivery. The paper discusses the relationship between a hierarchy of authority domains and the attributes and identifiers. It also analyzes the problems associated with updating the databases that support the two mapping functions. In addition, methods are developed that allow the mail system to deliver mail items correctly even under the assumption that not all databases involved contain accurate information.
A threshlod selection method based on multiscale and graylevel co-occurrence matrix analysis (2005)

Noise and complex backgrounds often make the thresholding of degraded document images difficult. In this paper, we propose a new threshold selection method to handle severely degraded document images. First, multiscale image description is adopted to analyze the image edge. From this, edge pixel pair information is derived and recorded by a graylevel co-occurrence matrix. An appropriate threshold value is chosen by measuring the edge pixel pair co-occurrence matrix. The new method is tested with degraded document images. The experimental results show it is resistant to noise and complex backgrounds.
Sweet Sorghum Genetic Diversity and Association Mapping for Brix and Height (2009)

Sweet sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], like its close relative, sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.), has been selected to accumulate high levels of edible sugars in the stem. Sweet sorghums are tall and produce high biomass in addition to sugar. Little has been documented about the genetic relationships and diversity within sweet sorghums and how sweet sorghums relate to grain sorghum racial types. In this study, a diverse panel of 125 sorghums (mostly sweet) was successfully genotyped with 47 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 322 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Using both distance‐based and model‐based methods, we identified three main genetic groupings of sweet sorghums. Based on observed phenotypes and known origins we classified the three groups as historical and modern syrup, modern sugar/energy types, and amber types. Using SSR markers also scored in an available large grain sorghum germplasm panel, we found that these three sweet groupings clustered with kafir/bicolor, caudatum, and bicolor types, respectively. Using the information on population structure and relatedness, association mapping was performed for height and stem sugar (brix) traits. Three significant associations for height were detected. Two of these, on chromosomes 9 and 6, support published QTL studies. One significant association for brix, on chromosome 1, 12kb from a glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase homolog, was detected.
Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Secure event types in content-based, multi-domain publish/subscribe systems (2005)

Publish/subscribe research has so far been mostly focused on efficient event routing, event filtering, and composite event detection. The little research that has been published regarding security in publish/subscribe systems has been tentative at best. This paper presents a model for secure type names, and definitions for type-checked, content-based publish/subscribe systems. Our model provides a cryptographically verifiable binding between type names and type definitions. It also produces self-certifiable type definitions that guarantee type definition authenticity and integrity. We also consider type management in a large-scale publish/subscribe system and present a way for delegating management duties to type managers by issuing SPKI authorisation certificates. We feel that secure names are a prerequisite for most other security related work with publish/subscribe systems.