gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Thermal Stability of PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA Block and P(S-<i>r</i>-MMA) Random Copolymers for Nanopatterning Applications (2013)

This study addresses the thermal stability and degradation path of symmetric and asymmetric PS-b-PMMA block copolymers, widely employed to generate templates for nanopatterned materials, and of the associated P(S-r-MMA) random copolymers, through a combination of TGA and TGA–GC–MS techniques. The monomer evolution under isothermal and dynamic conditions was able to delineate the thermal degradation characteristics of all the copolymers. Although the temperature corresponding to the maximum of the main monomer loss is similar for the random and block copolymers, the onset of the main degradation for the random copolymers is observed at a temperature about 50 °C lower than the one for the block copolymers. In addition, the degradation profile of the random copolymers is highly asymmetrical in the low temperature side. This is partially due to the presence of TEMPO end groups, which behave as weak links. The successive evolution of the two monomers in the random copolymers occurs in a parallel fashion, indicating the occurrence of depolymerization via an unzipping process. In contrast, in case of the block copolymers, the two chemically different blocks depolymerize at different temperatures due to their distinct thermal stabilities and different end groups nature. Considering the overall system, comprising the block copolymer film on the grafted random copolymer layer, the monomer volatilization which occurs when the random copolymer is heated at temperatures equal or above 280 °C, leads to a reduced control of morphology orientation in the microdomains of the block copolymer film with an eventual local detachment of the block copolymer films. These results clearly indicate that the range of accessible temperature in the processing of these self-assembling materials is mainly limited by the instability of the grafted RCP layer.
Urine analysis for glucose and protein. (1990)

SIR,-Dr Steve Cunningham and colleagues show that preregistration house officers spend nearly a fifth of their time on call giving intravenous antibiotics.'We feel that the procedural aspects of parenteral drug administration could be improved in most British hospitals.Trhe increasing use of parenteral routes, infusion devices, motorised
Planar lightwave circuit based reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer architectures and reusable subsystem module (2005)

We describe a wide range of reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer architecture designs that may be implemented in standard silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuits. This proven, reliable technology offers high performance and cost-effective solutions for reducing complex service provisioning in reconfigurable optical networks. Recent advances enable very flexible wavelength routing devices for mesh- and ring-based networks to be implemented on a common subsystem integration platform. We show excellent system performance at 10 Gb/s.
Microtubules and the endoplasmic reticulum are highly interdependent structures. (1986)

The interrelationships of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), microtubules, and intermediate filaments were studied in the peripheral regions of thin, spread fibroblasts, epithelial, and vascular endothelial cells in culture. We combined a fluorescent dye staining technique to localize the ER with immunofluorescence to localize microtubules or intermediate filaments in the same cell. Microtubules and the ER are sparse in the lamellipodia, but intermediate filaments are usually completely absent. These relationships indicate that microtubules and the ER advance into the lamellipodia before intermediate filaments. We observed that microtubules and tubules of the ER have nearly identical distributions in lamellipodia, where new extensions of both are taking place. We perturbed microtubules by nocodazole, cold temperature, or hypotonic shock, and observed the effects on the ER distribution. On the basis of our observations in untreated cells and our experiments with microtubule perturbation, we conclude that microtubules and the ER are highly interdependent in two ways: (a) polymerization of individual microtubules and extension of individual ER tubules occur together at the level of resolution of the fluorescence microscope, and (b) depolymerization of microtubules does not disrupt the ER network in the short term (15 min), but prolonged absence of microtubules (2 h) leads to a slow retraction of the ER network towards the cell center, indicating that over longer periods of time, the extended state of the entire ER network requires the microtubule system.
A high‐resolution oxygen A‐band and water vapor band spectrometer (2004)

A prototype high‐resolution oxygen A‐band and water vapor band spectrometer (HAWS) and new theoretical framework have been developed and demonstrated to study the applicability of photon path length statistics in the remote sensing of clouds, aerosols, and water vapor, particularly in addressing current challenges such as the detection of thin layers of clouds and aerosols especially over surfaces with high albedo, reducing retrieval errors due to the presence of non‐spherical particles, and enhancing the vertical resolution of retrieved atmospheric constituents. This work also provides a basis for the application of path length distribution in the development and validation of radiative transfer parameterizations that account for the effects of cloud inhomogeneity. The HAWS successfully achieves an out‐of‐band rejection of better than 10 −5 , a resolution of better than 0.5 cm −1 , and high signal‐to‐noise ratio, which are crucial to retrieval of atmospheric information through high‐resolution spectrometry in the A‐band and water vapor band. A field campaign was conducted to demonstrate the capabilities of HAWS and the new retrieval algorithm at the cloud and radiation testbed at ARM SGP site in Oklahoma, where a comprehensive set of radiometric, passive, and active sensors provide continuous and concurrent measurements of clouds, aerosols, water vapor, and other atmospheric properties. Results show that in the A‐band thick and multiple layer clouds significantly enhance the mean and variance of the photon path length distribution, thin cirrus condition produce relatively small mean distribution and variance, and mean path lengths comparable to or smaller than the solar airmass were associated with clear sky cases at large solar zenith angles. The mean path length and variance in the water vapor band differs from that in the A‐band due to the spatial inhomogeneity of water vapor amounts, particularly in association with cloud layers.
Characterization of reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed avian T-lymphoblastoid cell lines infected with Marek's disease virus (1992)

The expression of Marek's disease virus (MDV) transcripts and protein products was investigated in reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed avian T-lymphoblastoid cell line RECC-CU91, which was superinfected with MDV. The presence of MDV in the superinfected cell line, renamed RECC-CU210, was demonstrated by Southern hybridization with 32P-labeled BamHI-H and -B fragments of the BamHI MDV DNA library. Examination of RECC-CU210 for the expression of MDV-specific RNA transcripts encoded by the internal repeat long (IRL), internal repeat short (IRS), and unique short (US) regions of the MDV genome revealed two small transcripts of 0.6 and 0.7 kb. These transcripts were mapped to the IRL and IRS regions, respectively. In contrast, RECC-CU211, which was developed through transfection of CU210 with the BamHI-A fragment of MDV, expressed an additional nine transcripts from the IRL, IRS, and US regions. CU211 but not CU210 also expressed a complex of polypeptides of 40, 38, and 24 kDa, identified by monoclonal antibodies as MDV-specific phosphoproteins. The 38-kDa phosphoprotein is likely to be pp38, an early viral protein that maps within the IRL region of the MDV genome. These findings suggest that genes located within the transfected BamHI-A fragment transactivated a number of genes located in the IRL region of the MDV genome.
Celiac neuropathy (2003)

CD is commonly associated with sensory neuropathy and should be considered even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
C3b deposition during activation of the alternative complement pathway and the effect of deposition on the activating surface. (1983)

Examination of C3b deposition on the surface of activators during alternative pathway activation revealed three temporal phases: a lag phase, an amplification phase, and a heretofore uncharacterized plateau phase. During the plateau phase no C3b deposition appeared to occur even in the presence of an excess of alternative pathway components. Double label experiments, however, revealed that the plateau was a steady state between continued C3b deposition and release of C3b or C3bi from the activator. Under conditions of excess complement it was found that deposition of increasing numbers of C3b molecules caused a gradual increase in the ability of Factors H and I to inactivate newly deposited C3b; i.e., the deposited C3b converted the activator into a nonactivator. The data indicate that the surface of rabbit erythrocytes is rendered completely nonactivating when 2.4 X 10(6) molecules of C3b plus C3bi are bound per cell. The plateau of C3b deposition appears to represent the maximum steady state level maintainable by a given concentration of complement components, and it also reflects conversion of an activating surface to one resembling a nonactivator.
Late Effects of X-irradiation on Haemopoietic Stem Cells in CBA/H Mice (1990)

SummaryCBA/H male mice have been used to study the recovery of haemopoietic stem cells following 3 Gy whole-body X-irradiation. Despite significant proliferation haemopoietic stem cells (measured as spleen colony-forming units or CFU-S) did not recover to control values and their numbers remained sub-optimal at 600 days post-irradiation. At this time there were significant increases in both proliferation and self-renewal characteristics of the CFU-S but no impairment of the capacity of bone marrow cells to rescue and repopulate lethally irradiated transplant recipients.
Dynamics of semiconductor lasers under fast intracavity frequency sweeping (2012)

Fast intracavity tunable semiconductor lasers find their use in information acquisition systems (e.g. OCT) and may be of use in agile multiwavelength communications systems. We present numerical analysis of the dynamic behaviour of a semiconductor laser frequency swept by means of an ultrafast intracavity filter. The interrelated roles of the tuning speed, the filter bandwidth, the cavity length, and the self-phase modulation in laser dynamics are analysed.
Shear induced gelation of colloidal dispersions (1997)

Nanometric silica particles, dispersed in water, have been bridged into long necklaces by adsorbing macromolecules of poly(ethylene oxide). At high coverage of particles by macromolecules the necklaces repel each other and the dispersions are homogeneous solutions; at low coverage the necklaces bind to each other and a concentrated phase separates from excess water. It is reported here that shear induced gelation and shear induced flocculation are observed near the boundary of the phase separation region. The structures of these dispersions under shear have been observed through small angle neutron scattering. It has been found that, above a critical shear rate, the necklaces connect to each other to form threadlike objects which align along the velocity. At higher shear these objects associate sideways to form three-dimensional flocs.
Differential effects of oral, peripheral intravenous, and intraportal glucose on hepatic glucose uptake and insulin and glucagon extraction in conscious dogs. (1983)

The effect of equal (1.1 +/- 0.1 g/kg body wt) amounts of glucose administered orally, or by peripheral intravenous or intraportal infusion on hepatic glucose uptake and fractional hepatic extraction of insulin and glucagon was studied in conscious dogs with chronically implanted Doppler flow probes on the portal vein and hepatic artery and catheters in the portal vein, hepatic vein, carotid artery, and superior mesenteric vein. Portal vein and hepatic vein plasma flow increased only after oral glucose administration. Arterial plasma glucose increased equally to 150-160 mg/100 ml after all three routes of glucose administration. Portal vein glucose was similar after oral (195 +/- 15 mg/100 ml) and intraportal glucose infusion (215 +/- 11 mg/100 ml) and significantly higher than after peripheral intravenous glucose. Hepatic glucose uptake after oral (68 +/- 4%) and intraportal glucose administration (65 +/- 7%) significantly exceeded that after peripheral intravenous glucose infusion (23 +/- 5%). The amount of insulin above basal presented to the liver during the 180 min after oral glucose was 7.6 +/- 1.3 U, 4.3 +/- 0.6 U after intraportal glucose, and 4.1 +/- 0.6 U after peripheral intravenous glucose. Hepatic extraction of insulin increased significantly after oral glucose (42 +/- 3 to 61 +/- 4%), but was unchanged after intraportal and peripheral intravenous glucose administration. When the portal vein glucose levels achieved during peripheral intravenous glucose infusion for 90 min were maintained by a subsequent 90-min intraportal glucose infusion, hepatic glucose uptake was significantly greater during the intraportal glucose infusion. Glucagon secretion was suppressed equally after oral glucose, intraportal glucose, and peripheral intravenous glucose administration; fractional hepatic extraction of that hormone, which was significantly less than that of insulin, was unchanged. These results indicate that hepatic glucose uptake is significantly greater after oral and intraportal glucose administration than after peripheral intravenous glucose infusion. This difference is not simply related to the amount of glucose or insulin presented to the liver and the increased hepatic glucose uptake did not depend solely upon the augmented fractional hepatic extraction of insulin. Hepatic extraction of insulin and hepatic glucose uptake appear to be regulated independently.
Logistic representation of the sensitometric response of screen–film systems: Empirical validation (1990)

An empirical logistic model that linearizes the sensitometric response data of screen-film systems over the entire dynamic range of exposures is presented. This linearization is evident when the net optical densities are scaled as fractions of the net saturation density and plotted on commercial logit, probit, or double-log paper, except under conditions of reciprocity law failure. Weighted linear regression analysis shows that the intercept, but not the slope, depends on the screen-film system used. Previous work indicates that the slope is also independent of development time and photon energy. The model is verified through an analysis of tabulated sensitometric data published by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health.
Full-Scale Test Evaluation of Aircraft Fuel Fire Burnthrough Resistance Improvements (1999)

Abstract : This report summarizes the research and full-scale tests undertaken by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to evaluate the fuselage burnthrough resistance of transport category aircraft that are exposed to large postcrash fuel fires. Twenty-eight full-scale tests were conducted in a reusable fuselage test rig to determine the effectiveness of thermal-acoustical insulation improvements in preventing or delaying fuselage burnthrough. The testing showed that the method of attaching the insulation to the fuselage structure had a critical effect on the effectiveness of the insulation material. In addition, the composition of the insulation bagging material, normally a thermoplastic film, was also shown to be an important factor. A number of fiberglass insulation modifications and new insulation materials were shown to be effective in varying degrees. For example, a heat-treated, oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber (OPF) encased in a polyimide bagging material prevented burnthrough for over 8 minutes. When contrasted with current insulation materials, which were shown to fail in as little as 2 minutes, effective fire barriers such as the OPF insulation offer the potential of saving lives during a postcrash fire accident in which the fuselage remains intact.
Fractal manufacturing partnership: exploring a new form of strategic alliance between OEMs and suppliers (2000)

In today’s competitive environment, companies are paying more attention to product innovations, customized products, manufacturing agility, and lean operations. To support this mode of operations, companies are moving from highly vertically integrated organizations to leaner core business units supported by supplier networks. While partnership companies and their suppliers could take a variety of forms, “fractal manufacturing partnership” (FMP) is an emerging approach designed to maximize the logistical attributes of a lean production system and configured to provide the strategic merging of engineering network capabilities. FMP is most suitable for engineering assembly type work in which seamless operation is desired and where agile feedback is necessary. Based on the case study of the automotive industry, this paper will discuss the characteristics and attributes of FMP. However, more research is required to quantify the direct benefits of this approach.
Formation of Amphiphilic Polyion Complex Vesicles from Mixtures of Oppositely Charged Block Ionomers (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTFormation of Amphiphilic Polyion Complex Vesicles from Mixtures of Oppositely Charged Block IonomersStefan Schrage, Reinhard Sigel, and Helmut SchlaadView Author Information Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Abteilung Kolloidchemie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany Cite this: Macromolecules 2003, 36, 5, 1417–1420Publication Date (Web):February 1, 2003Publication History Received12 July 2002Revised2 December 2002Published online1 February 2003Published inissue 1 March 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0255940https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0255940rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1342Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Ionomers,Membranes,Transmission electron microscopy,Vesicles Get e-Alerts
An autoregressive approach to the identification of multipath ray parameters from field measurements (1989)

This study is concerned with using modern spectral analysis techniques to derive estimates of multipath ray parameters (delays and amplitudes) from measurements of selective fading over a wide band at microwave frequencies. The applicability of the general category of autoregressive methods is addressed, and the specific method adopted, the Prony algorithm, is described. An illustrative example in which this is applied to a typical field measurement is followed by an investigation into the capabilities and limitations of the algorithm. A statistical analysis of the method has been carried out using a database of laboratory measurements. The Prony algorithm's ability to resolve delays to better than half the Fourier limit is shown, and its tendency to yield biased estimates is studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative <i>in vivo</i> tissue sodium concentration maps: The effects of biexponential relaxation (1994)

The biexponential relaxation behavior of the sodium nucleus affects the accuracy of quantitative measurement of in vivo tissue sodium concentration (TSC). Theoretical analysis and in vivo experimental results are used to demonstrate the extent of the large bias in the measured TSC that arises when the relaxation behavior in vivo differs significantly from that of the calibration standards which is when a significant fraction of the total sodium signal decays with a relaxation time much shorter than the echo time (TE) used for imaging. This bias can be as large as 20% for measurements of TSC in a normal rat brain with TE = 2 ms. Our findings indicate that shortening the echo time (TE < 0.5 ms) by projection imaging is a reliable means of obtaining accurate in vivo estimates for TSC using MR.
ACTION OF ACTINOMYCIN DON ANIMAL CELLS AND VIRUSE (1962)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Roles of Cys148 and Asp179 in catalysis by deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase from bacteriophage T4 examined by site-directed mutagenesis (1992)

The proposed roles of Cys148 and Asp179 in deoxycytidylate (dCMP) hydroxymethylase (CH) have been tested using site-directed mutagenesis. CH catalyzes the formation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-dCMP, essential for DNA synthesis in phage T4, from dCMP and methylenetetrahydrofolate. CH resembles thymidylate synthase (TS), an enzyme of known three-dimensional structure, in both amino acid sequence and the reaction catalyzed. Conversion of Cys148 to Asp, Gly, or Ser decreases CH activity at least 10(5)-fold, consistent with a nucleophilic role for Cys148 (analogous to the catalytic Cys residue in TS). In crystalline TS, hydrogen bonds connect O4 and N3 of the substrate dUMP to the side-chain amide of an Asn; the corresponding residue in CH is Asp179. Conversion of Asp179 to Asn reduces the value of kcat/KM for dCMP by (1.5 x 10(4))-fold and increases the value of kcat/KM for dUMP by 60-fold; as a result, CH(D179N) has a slight preference for dUMP. Wild-type CH and CH(D179N) are covalently inactivated by 5-fluoro-dUMP, a mechanism-based inactivator of TS. Asp179 is proposed to stabilize covalent catalytic intermediates, by protonating N3 of the pyrimidine-CH adduct.