gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective selection of filter dust collectors (1993)

A wide range of equipment is available to remove particulate matter from gas streams. But when high collection efficiency is required and the average particle size is small, the method of choice is commonly the filter dust collector. Two major filter-collector designs are the baghouse and the cartridge filter. Here the author focuses mainly on baghouses, which typically consist of arrays of suspended vertical filter bags. However, many of the principles and guidelines apply to cartridge filters as well, and in some cases to solid-gas separation in a wider sense. Environmental protection is commonly considered the major purpose of effective dust collection. However, it can also pay off in increased product recovery or yield, improved control of product quality, and lower energy consumption. Baghouses usage is far from staid, as developments continue to unfold. For instance, high-temperature pulsed-jet baghouses, discussed below, are being groomed for combined removal of SO[sub x] and NO[sub x] along with dust particulates in operations well above 500F. Development of ceramic fabric and porous metal filters at competitive cost may raise this ceiling to as high as 1,200F, thus promising to lessen or eliminate the need for heat exchangers at gas-cleanup units. A baghouse outfitted withmore » woven ceramic-filter bags has already demonstrated up to 90% sulfur dioxide removal and over-90% NO[sub x] removal at 850F, while also meeting or exceeding U.S. Environmental Protection Agency particulate-emission standards. The paper discusses how they work; removing the recovered dusts; bag filtration velocities; sizing; pressure drop; measuring performance; and recommendations.« less
Effect of the unidirectional drawing on the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA films with different<scp>L</scp>‐isomer content (2012)

Abstract This work simulates the thermoforming process of two different L ‐isomer content PLA grades (95.6 and 98%), studying the influence on the induced morphology and the variation in the thermal and tensile properties. The thermoforming process was simulated with uniaxial tensile tests performed at different temperatures and strain rates, reporting the tensile behavior before, during, and after the test. The resulting structural changes were analyzed by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Thermal characterization was carried out with differential scanning calorimetry and dynamomechanical thermal analysis. The results showed that, regardless the L ‐isomer content, drawing at 70°C produced a stable mesomorphic phase that showed greater tensile properties than the original films. This mesomorphic phase, indeed, could be reordered into a crystalline structure under mild annealing conditions (5 min/75°C), if compared with those needed for similar amorphous PLA specimens (60 min/120°C), thus providing a processing opportunity for obtaining thermally stable PLA products at temperatures above 100°C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Electrodeposition of Magnetic Materials (1962)

A discussion of the electrodeposition of alloys of the Ni-Fe-Co system is presented. Solutions from which these metals are deposited are described and the role of their constituents discussed. The various applications for these deposited materials is reviewed pointing out their advantages and shortcomings. A detailed description of the electrodeposited thin film is given.
3 Gb/s AC Coupled Chip-to-Chip Communication Using a Low Swing Pulse Receiver (2005)

A 120-mV/sub ppd/ low swing pulse receiver is presented for AC coupled interconnect (ACCI). Using this receiver, 3Gb/s chip-to-chip communication is demonstrated through a wire-bonded ACCI channel with 150-fF coupling capacitors, across 15-cm FR4 microstrip lines. A test chip was fabricated in TSMC 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and the driver and pulse receiver dissipate 15-mW power per I/O at 3 Gb/s, with a bit error rate less than 10/sup -12/. First-time demonstration of a flip-chip ACCI is also presented, with both the AC and DC connections successfully integrated between the flipped chip and the multichip module (MCM) substrate by using the buried bump technology. For the flip-chip ACCI, 2.5 Gb/s/channel communication is demonstrated across 5.6 cm of transmission line on a MCM substrate.
Design and Implementation of a MAX274-based Filter (2011)

To meet the diversity requirement for filters in communication and signal processing systems,the paper analyzes the time-continuous active filter chip MAX274,which could be used to design many kinds of filters with different frequency ranges.It also gives the theoretical derivation of filter design.As an example,it designs an 8th-order Bessel active bandpass filter,of which the center frequency is 125kHz,to show the software design method.To verify its performance,the paper implements the design in a circuit board to be tested in the spectrum-characteristic-testing system.The experiment results show that this kind of filters feature high precision,low cost,simple devices and easy installation.
Belief statements and their logic (1971)

Belief statements and their logic Get access F. H. George F. H. George Brunei University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 31, Issue 3, January 1971, Pages 104–105, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/31.3.104 Published: 01 January 1971
Progress in the Synthesis of Nanocrystalline BaTiO <sub>3</sub> Powders for MLCC (2005)

Future improvements in the development of highly volume‐efficient multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) require manufacturing processes that allow for a reduced dielectric thickness well below 1 μm. Obviously, such thin dielectric layers can only be produced if nanosized dielectric powders are applied and deposited by techniques more advanced than tape casting and screen printing. These processes require high‐purity, homogeneous, weakly agglomerated ultrafine powders. Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in the synthesis of nanocrystalline BaTiO 3 ‐based powders for use in MLCC. The present review article aims to summarize the present state of the art with respect to some of the technically and industrially most relevant preparation routes, including methods based on solid‐state reactions and, more importantly, solution‐based approaches.
Association of Pyoderma Gangrenosum, Acne, and Suppurative Hidradenitis (PASH) Shares Genetic and Cytokine Profiles With Other Autoinflammatory Diseases (2014)

The association of pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and suppurative hidradenitis (PASH) has recently been described and suggested to be a new entity within the spectrum of autoinflammatory syndromes, which are characterized by recurrent episodes of sterile inflammation, without circulating autoantibodies and autoreactive T-cells. We conducted an observational study on 5 patients with PASH syndrome, analyzing their clinical features, genetic profile of 10 genes already known to be involved in autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs), and cytokine expression pattern both in lesional skin and serum. In tissue skin samples, the expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β and its receptors I and II were significantly higher in PASH (P = 0.028, 0.047, and 0.050, respectively) than in controls. In PASH patients, chemokines such as IL-8 (P = 0.004), C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 1/2/3 (P = 0.028), CXCL 16 (P = 0.008), and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) (P = 0.005) were overexpressed. Fas/Fas ligand and cluster of differentiation (CD)40/CD40 ligand systems were also overexpressed (P = 0.016 for Fas, P = 0.006 for Fas ligand, P = 0.005 for CD40, and P = 0.004 for CD40 ligand), contributing to tissue damage and inflammation. In peripheral blood, serum levels of the main proinflammatory cytokines, that is, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-17, were within the normal range, suggesting that in PASH syndrome, the inflammatory process is mainly localized into the skin. Four out of our 5 PASH patients presented genetic alterations typical of well-known AIDs, including inflammatory bowel diseases, and the only patient lacking genetic changes had clinically evident Crohn disease. In conclusion, overexpression of cytokines/chemokines and molecules amplifying the inflammatory network, along with the genetic changes, supports the view that PASH syndrome is autoinflammatory in origin.
Arc-induced long-period gratings in aluminosilicate glass fibers (2005)

Permanent long-period gratings were written using arc discharges in two aluminosilicate fibers, one of which was doped with erbium. Reversible gratings were also mechanically induced in both fibers. The thermal behavior of the arc-induced gratings was investigated at up to 1100 degrees C. It was found that the shift of the resonant wavelengths exhibited a well-defined linear dependence on temperature up to 700 degrees C.
Kristallstruktur von Acetat-acidium- hexafluoroantimonat CH<sub>3</sub>C(OH)<sub>2</sub>SbF<sub>6</sub> Crystal Structure of Acetate Acidium Hexafluoroantimonate CH<sub>3</sub>C(OH)<sub>2</sub>SbF<sub>6</sub> (1997)

The crystal structure of acetate acidium hexafluoroantimonate CH 3 C(OH) 2 + SbF 6 − has been determined on single crystals with MoKα radiation at -83 °C. The structure is triclinic, space group P1̄, Z = 2, and the cell dimensions are a = 604.7(1), b = 692.3(3), c = 951.7(2) pm, α = 102.13(2)°, β = 106.53(2)°, γ = 99.27(2)°. In the CH 3 C(OH) 2 + cation the C-C distance is 147.8(6) pm , the C -O distances are 125.1(6) and 129.1(5) pm. The SbF 6 − anion is slightly distorted octahedral.
InGaAsP-InP laser amplifier with integrated passive waveguides (1987)

A 1.3 μm laser amplifier with integrated passive waveguides is demonstrated. The structure is easily integrable and is suitable for compensation of all kinds of losses in optoelectronic integrated circuits such as losses due to power splitting in switch matrices. A simple model is made to calculate the coupling efficiency and reflection between the active and passive waveguides of the amplifier. Experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical predictions. The highest obtained external cavity gain of the whole structure is 19.5 dB and the output power saturates at approximately 15 mW.
Framework for design and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health (2000)

Randomised controlled trials are widely accepted as the most reliable method of determining effectiveness, but most trials have evaluated the effects of a single intervention such as a drug. Recognition is increasing that other, non-pharmacological interventions should also be rigorously evaluated.1-3 This paper examines the design and execution of research required to address the additional problems resulting from evaluation of complex interventions—that is, those “made up of various interconnecting parts.”4 The issues dealt with are discussed in a longer Medical Research Council paper (www.mrc.ac.uk/complex_packages.html). We focus on randomised trials but believe that this approach could be adapted to other designs when they are more appropriate.

#### Summary points

Complex interventions are those that include several components

The evaluation of complex interventions is difficult because of problems of developing, identifying, documenting, and reproducing the intervention

A phased approach to the development and evaluation of complex interventions is proposed to help researchers define clearly where they are in the research process

Evaluation of complex interventions requires use of qualitative and quantitative evidence

There are specific difficulties in defining, developing, documenting, and reproducing complex interventions that are subject to more variation than a drug. A typical example would be the design of a trial to evaluate the benefits of specialist stroke units. Such a trial would have to consider the expertise of various health professionals as well as investigations, drugs, treatment guidelines, and arrangements for discharge and follow up. Stroke units may also vary in terms of organisation, management, and skill mix. The active components of the stroke unit may be difficult to specify, making it difficult to replicate the intervention. The box gives other examples of complex interventions.

#### Examples of complex interventions

Service delivery and organisation:

Stroke units

Hospital at home

Interventions directed at health professionals' behaviour:

Strategies for implementing guidelines

Computerised decision support

Community interventions:

Community …
A Multispectral Analog Photon-Counting Readout Circuit for X-ray Hybrid Pixel Detectors (2008)

In this paper, an all-analog pixel architecture for the readout of X-ray pixel detectors with multiple energy discrimination is proposed. The circuit comprises a self-triggered reset charge amplifier and three distinct channels devoted to the detection on a specific energy band. Each channel is composed of an autocalibrated comparator, an energy window identification logic, and an analog counter with an adjustable dynamic range. A test prototype has been implemented with a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor 0.35-mum technology. The pixel circuitry dissipates 15 muW at 3.3 V, has a noise equivalent charge of 82 e <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> at 200 fF, and allows, on each of the three channels, a dynamic range that exceeds 12 bits. The designed pixel is a square with a 109-mum pitch.
Silencing of tryptamine biosynthesis for production of nonnatural alkaloids in plant culture (2009)

Natural products have long served as both a source and inspiration for pharmaceuticals. Modifying the structure of a natural product often improves the biological activity of the compound. Metabolic engineering strategies to ferment "unnatural" products have been enormously successful in microbial organisms. However, despite the importance of plant derived natural products, metabolic engineering strategies to yield unnatural products from complex, lengthy plant pathways have not been widely explored. Here, we show that RNA mediated suppression of tryptamine biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus hairy root culture eliminates all production of monoterpene indole alkaloids, a class of natural products derived from two starting substrates, tryptamine and secologanin. To exploit this chemically silent background, we introduced an unnatural tryptamine analog to the production media and demonstrated that the silenced plant culture could produce a variety of novel products derived from this unnatural starting substrate. The novel alkaloids were not contaminated by the presence of the natural alkaloids normally present in C. roseus. Suppression of tryptamine biosynthesis therefore did not appear to adversely affect expression of downstream biosynthetic enzymes. Targeted suppression of substrate biosynthesis therefore appears to be a viable strategy for programming a plant alkaloid pathway to more effectively produce desirable unnatural products. Moreover, although tryptamine is widely found among plants, this silenced line demonstrates that tryptamine does not play an essential role in growth or development in C. roseus root culture. Silencing the biosynthesis of an early starting substrate enhances our ability to harness the rich diversity of plant based natural products.
Core-level photoabsorption study of defects and metastable bonding configurations in boron nitride (1997)

Boron nitride is an interesting material for technological applications and for fundamental solid state physics investigations. It is a compound isoelectronic with carbon and, like carbon can possess sp{sup 2} and sp{sup 3} bonded phases resembling graphite and diamond. BN crystallizes in the sp{sup 2}-bonded hexagonal (h-BN), rhombohedral (r-BN) and turbostratic phases, and in the sp{sup 3}-bonded cubic (c-BN) and wurtzite (w-BN) phases. A new family of materials is obtained when replacing C-C pairs in graphite with isoelectronic B-N pairs, resulting in C{sub 2}BN compounds. Regarding other boron compounds, BN is exceptional in the sense that it has standard two-center bonds with conventional coordination numbers, while other boron compounds (e.g. B{sub 4}C) are based on the boron icosahedron unit with three-center bonds and high coordination numbers. The existence of several allotropic forms and fullerene-like structures for BN suggests a rich variety of local bonding and poses the questions of how this affects the local electronic structure and how the material accommodates the stress induced in the transition regions between different phases. One would expect point defects to play a crucial role in stress accommodation, but these must also have a strong influence in the electronic structure, since the B-N bond is polar and a point defect will thus be a charged structure. The study of point defects in relationship to the electronic structure is of fundamental interest in these materials. Recently, the authors have shown that Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) is sensitive to point defects in h-BN, and to the formation of metastable phases even in amorphous materials. This is significant since other phase identification techniques like vibrational spectroscopies or x-ray diffraction yield ambiguous results for nanocrystalline and amorphous samples. Serendipitously, NEXAFS also combines chemical selectivity with point defect sensitivity.
Caspases in synaptic plasticity (2012)

Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that play key roles in programmed cell death (apoptosis). Mounting evidence in recent years shows that caspases also have important non-apoptotic functions in multiple cellular processes, such as synaptic plasticity, dendritic development, learning and memory. In this article, we review the studies on the non-apoptotic functions of caspases in neurons, with a focus on their roles in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory and neurodegeneration.
FIRM EVIDNCE FOR CIS-AMINOPALLADATION IN THE REACTION OF 1-AMINOHEXATRIENES WITH PALLADIUM DICHLORIDE (1985)

Abstract The reaction of PdCl2(PhCN)2 with ethyl α-N-acetyl-β-(4,6-dimethylbenzofuran-2-yl)acrylate, having a Z-propenyl group at 2-position of benzofuran ring, gave an azepine derivative, whereas its E-isomer afforded a Pd-σ-complex having azepine skeleton. Configurational assignment of the σ-complex, accomplished by methoxycarbonylation, clearly demonstrates that this intramolecular aminopalladation proceeds via cis-aminopalladation.
Survey of the magnetic signature of a moving surface vessel by multiple AUVs (2012)

A formation of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with magnetometers has been used to perform a magnetic field survey of a moving surface vessel. The vessel had a nonmagnetic fiberglass hull. A permanent magnet with a known dipole moment was placed at the bow and a small intrinsic field was measured near the stern of the surface vessel. Measurements were taken at various surface vessel orientations, AUV orientations, and AUV depths. The measured field survey was compared to the fields predicted by a dipole model of the permanent magnet with an RMS error between measured and predicted fields of 3.04 nT in the vicinity of the surface vessel. The measured fields were also used to reconstruct a two-dipole model for the surface vessel accounting for the permanent magnet and the intrinsic field with an RMS error between the measured field and the model field of 2.13 nT in the vicinity of the surface vessel. The two-dipole reconstruction solution contained a dipole at a position very close to the permanent magnet on the surface vessel bow and an additional dipole at a position reasonably close to the stern of the boat.
Dynamic channel assignment in shotgun cellular systems (2003)

This paper analyzes dynamic channel assignment in cellular systems where the base stations are placed at random. Using a simple dynamic channel assignment algorithm, random systems are compared to an ideal hexagonal system. Under log-normal shadow fading the random system has capacity within 1 dB of the hexagonal system. This paper looks at both the uplink and downlink and finds that performance is similar to previous downlink analysis. Thus, at a modest cost in performance, deployment effort is greatly reduced.
Nighttime Visibility Analysis and Estimation Method in the Presence of Dense Fog (2014)

Compared with daytime, a larger proportion of road accidents happens during nighttime. The altered visibility for drivers partially explains this situation. It becomes worse when dense fog is present. In this paper, we first define a standard night visibility index, which allows specifying the type of fog that an advanced driver assistance system should recognize. A methodology to detect the presence of night fog and characterize its density in images grabbed by an in-vehicle camera is then proposed. The detection method relies on the visual effects of night fog. A first approach evaluates the presence of fog around a vehicle due to the detection of the backscattered veil created by the headlamps. In this aim, a correlation index is computed between the current image and a reference image where the fog density is known. It works when the vehicle is alone on a highway without external light sources. A second approach evaluates the presence of fog due to the detection of halos around light sources ahead of the vehicle. It works with oncoming traffic and public lighting. Both approaches are illustrated with actual images of fog. Their complementarity makes it possible to envision a complete night-fog detection system. If fog is detected, its characterization is achieved by fitting the different correlation indexes with an empirical model. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method. The main applications for such a system are, for instance, automation or adaptation of vehicle lights, contextual speed computation, and reliability improvement for camera-based systems.
Directed mutagenesis using PCR (1989)

Journal Article Directed mutagenesis using PCR Get access Laurent Dulau, Laurent Dulau Laboratoire de Génetique, Université de Bordeaux II, Avenue des Facultés33405 Talence cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alain Cheyrou, Alain Cheyrou Laboratoire de Génetique, Université de Bordeaux II, Avenue des Facultés33405 Talence cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michel Aigle Michel Aigle Laboratoire de Génetique, Université de Bordeaux II, Avenue des Facultés33405 Talence cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 7, 11 April 1989, Page 2873, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.7.2873 Published: 11 April 1989 Article history Received: 26 January 1989 Published: 11 April 1989
HPLC analysis of oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol in stems and roots of <i>Olea europaea</i> L. cv. Picual during ripening (2010)

Ole, Htyr, and Tyr are present in the stems and roots of the olive tree and significantly change in concentration during ripening, demonstrating the involvement of these compounds in the metabolism of both organs during this phase.
The Space Particle Environment. (1989)

This paper is a tutorial covering the energetic charged particle environment in the Earth's magnetosphere.It provides an overview of trapped particle morphology, the geometry of the trapping regions, the radiation environmental models, the current status of these models, and future modelling requirements.