gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sintering and Grain Growth of Alpha‐Alumina (1956)

The sintering (densification) and grain growth of alumina were studied to determine the effect of the variables raw material, particle size, grinding in acid media, molding pressure, various single additives in different amounts, and firing temperature. Fine grinding promoted sintering and the growth of large grains and caused the grains to be more elongated in habit. Sintering was facilitated by additions of iron oxide, manganese oxide, copper oxide, and titanium oxide, provided the amounts of these oxides and the temperature of firing were within certain bounds. The growth of large grains was facilitated by additions of iron oxide and manganese oxide. Nineteen other additives had no effect or retarded sintering and large‐grain growth. Both magnesium oxide and silica had a marked effect in inhibiting the growth of large grains. The alkali metal oxides, added singly, were especially deleterious to the production of strong alumina bodies. The maximum density and maximum strength of the fired body were attained approximately simultaneously with the onset of large‐grain growth. The habit of the large grains was markedly altered by increasing amounts of each additive; the grains lost their characteristic crystalline shape and became nearly spheroidal particles. It is suggested that two grain‐growth phenomena exist which are independent of each other. One is termed “small‐grain growth” and is associated with densification; the other is referred to as “large‐grain growth” and occurs in certain specimens, depending on the additions to the alumina, after the sintering (densification) is substantially complete.
Therapeutic effect of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase inhibition on pancreatic cancer (2012)

c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, and it is reportedly involved in the development of several cancers. However, the role of JNK in pancreatic cancer has not been elucidated. We assessed t he involvement of JNK in the development of pancreatic cancer and investigated the therapeutic effect of JNK inhibitors on this deadly cancer. Small interfering RNAs against JNK or the JNK inhibitor SP600125 were used to examine the role of JNK in cellular proliferation and the cell cycles of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Ptf1a(cre/+) ;LSL-Kras(G12D/+) ;Tgfbr2(flox/flox) mice were treated with the JNK inhibitor to examine pancreatic histology and survival. The effect of JNK inhibition on tumor angiogenesis was also assessed using cell lines and murine pancreatic cancer specimens. JNK was frequently activated in human and murine pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Growth of human pancreatic cancer cell lines was suppressed by JNK inhibition through G1 arrest in the cell cycle with decreased cyclin D1 expression. In addition, oncogenic K-ras expression led to activation of JNK in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Treatment of Ptf1a(cre/+) ;LSL-Kras(G12D/+) ;Tgfbr2(flox/flox) mice with the JNK inhibitor decreased growth of murine pancreatic cancer and prolonged survival of the mice significantly. Angiogenesis was also decreased by JNK inhibition in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, activation of JNK promotes development of pancreatic cancer, and JNK may be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
Vibration and damping characteristics of 3D printed Kagome lattice with viscoelastic material filling (2018)

Constrained layer dampers (CLD) are in widespread use for passive vibration damping, in applications including aerospace structures. However, the introducing of the damping layer can reduce the stiffness of the sandwich structures. A viscoelastic material filling (VMF) is chosen to balance structural and vibrational performance of lattice truss in this work. The recently brought forward 3D Kagome truss with face sheet was manufactured by selective laser sintering technology and the thermosetting polyurethane was chosen as the viscoelastic filling material. A novel complex modal analysis finite element method for Hybrid composite lattice truss sandwich is introduced in this paper. Dynamic analysis experiment results show that the VMF method is found to be effective in reducing the vibration amplitude and it has the potential for band-gap design. The VMF method can provide high stiffness at low mass and considerable vibrational performance at low cost and it can be considered as a general vibration design method in lattice truss manufacture.
Materials analysis of fluorocarbon films for MEMS applications (2002)

In this paper the results of the materials analysis of fluorocarbon (FC) films are presented. The properties of the fluorocarbon films are comparable to those of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), better known under the trademarks such as teflon and fluon. The properties of PTFE are desirable for MEMS applications and enable new designs, new applications and new technological processing routes for microsystems. Therefore, FC films have a tremendous potential for MEMS applications. Furthermore, FC films can easily be deposited via spin coating, e-beam evaporation, in conventional reactive ion etchers and in plasma-enhanced deposition chambers using a carbonhydrotrifluoride plasma facilitating the use of the films for micro electro-mechanical structures. The films deposited in a reactive ion etcher are extremely chemical resistant. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses results are presented.
Feedback as a Topic Changing strategy in Japanese TV Discussions : Issues in Intercultural Communication Volume1 Issue 2 (2008)

Feedback as a Topic Changing strategy in Japanese TV Discussions : Issues in Intercultural Communication Volume1 Issue 2
Long Noncoding RNAs, Chromatin, and Development (2010)

The way in which the genome of a multicellular organism can orchestrate the differentiation of trillions of cells and many organs, all from a single fertilized egg, is the subject of intense study. Different cell types can be defined by the networks of genes they express. This differential expression is regulated at the epigenetic level by chromatin modifications, such as DNA and histone methylation, which interact with structural and enzymatic proteins, resulting in the activation or silencing of any given gene. While detailed mechanisms are emerging on the role of different chromatin modifications and how these functions are effected at the molecular level, it is still unclear how their deposition across the epigenomic landscape is regulated in different cells. A raft of recent evidence is accumulating that implicates long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in these processes. Most genomes studied to date undergo widespread transcription, the majority of which is not translated into proteins. In this review, we will describe recent work suggesting that lncRNAs are more than transcriptional "noise", but instead play a functional role by acting as tethers and guides to bind proteins responsible for modifying chromatin and mediating their deposition at specific genomic locations. We suggest that lncRNAs are at the heart of developmental regulation, determining the epigenetic status and transcriptional network in any given cell type, and that they provide a means to integrate external differentiation cues with dynamic nuclear responses through the regulation of a metastable epigenome. Better characterization of the lncRNA-protein "interactome" may eventually lead to a new molecular toolkit, allowing researchers and clinicians to modulate the genome at the epigenetic level to treat conditions such as cancer.
A Polynomial Time Algorithm for the Resource Allocation Problem with a Convex Objective Function (1979)

Consider the resource allocation problem:minimize ∑ni=1fi(xi) subject to ∑ni=1 xi = N and xi's being nonnegative integers, where each fi is a convex function. The well-known algorithm based on the incremental method requires O(N log n + n) time to solve this problem. We propose here a new algorithm based on the Lagrange multiplier method, requiring O[n2(log N)2] time. The latter is faster if N is much larger than n. Such a situation occurs, for example, when the optimal sample size problem related to monitoring the urban air pollution is treated.
Magnetic moment of α″-Fe16N2 films (invited) (1994)

In order to determine the value of the intrinsic magnetic moment of the α ″ phase, the films of nitrogen-martensite with various N content were fabricated under various reactive sputtering conditions. The magnetic moment of (α ″+α′)-Fe16N2 films is discussed in connection with the change of the unit-cell volume of the bct structure and the degree of N site ordering in nitrogen-martensite. As a result, it is found that (1) the same structure as bulk α ″-Fe16N2 is realized in the present films, (2) the saturation magnetization σs of the α′ phase increases about 4% with increasing unit-cell volume of the α′ phase, (3) the degree of N site ordering from α′ to α ″-Fe16N2 does not much affect σs, and (4) the experimentally obtained maximum value of σs for the (α ″+α′)-Fe16N2 film was 232 emu/g. The intrinsic value of σs in the α ″ phase (in the perfectly ordered state) is proposed to be no more than 240 emu/g at 300 K.
Peritoneal Transport in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Using Glucose-Based and Amino Acid-Based Solutions (2007)

Our results indicate that the AA peritoneal transport rate is strongly dependent on transport characteristics of the individual peritoneal membrane.
Cross-Coupling Reactions Based on Acetals (1987)

A variety of carbon-carbon bond forming reactions based on acetals are reviewed according to classification by reaction type. 1. Introduction 2. Aldol Reaction 3. Alkylation Reactions 3.1. Alkylation by Organometallic Reagents 3.2. Allylation 4. The Michael Reaction 5. Cyanation 6. Asymmetric Reactions 7. Miscellaneous Reactions 8. Conclusion
Surface Treatment of Ultrafine TiO2 Particles by Vapor-Phase Hydrolysis. (1992)

気相加水分解法を用いて, チタンテトライソプロポキシド (TTIP) を加水分解しアモルファスのチタニア超微粒子を生成させ, 引き続き, このチタニア上でアルキルアルコキシラン (AAS) を加水分解させてコーティングし, 表面を安定化させ凝集を防止した.得られた疎水性のチタニア超微粒子の分散性を有機溶媒中での分散粒子径測定と分光透過率により評価したところ, 親水性のエタノール中での分散においては, 加水分解時の水の過剰率を上げることが有効であり, さらに疎水性のトルエン中ではアルコキシ基数の多いAASを用いかつその供給量も多くした方が良いことがわかった.粒子表面の改質状態を29Si-NMRにより評価したところ表面疎水化の程度が分散粒径と相関があり, 加水分解時の水の過剰率を変えることにより表面疎水化の程度および分散性を制御できることがわかった.またこのチタニア超微粒子は有機溶媒に分散させると優れた透明性と紫外線遮蔽性を示した.
Molecular basis of T lymphocyte CD4 antigen functions. (1996)

The T cell surface antigen CD4 plays a pivotal role in the MHC class II-restricted response of specific T lymphocytes and serves as the major receptor of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). Recent studies have shown the high complexity of CD4 functions in physiological and pathological conditions. We report here a short review of recent developments in the field and discuss the structural features which regulate the functions mediated by the CD4 coreceptor in mature T lymphocytes.
Properties and applications of Baytron (PEDT) (1998)

During the last 2 decades intensive development work was carried out into organic conductors world-wide. The initial problem encountered in respect of the processability of organic conductors has only recently been solved. Following this, industrial applications can now be opened up for these materials. A commercialy available product 3,4-polyethylene- dioxythiophene (PEDT), has been introduced which satisfies highly stringent requirements in terms of its combination of conductivity, stability and transparency. One application in which this new polymer can be used is in the antistatic treatment of plastics. This article describes treatment of this type, taking the coating of photographic film as an exemple.
Electron Microscopy of Milk and Milk Products: Problems and Possibilities (1982)

Milk and dairy products have frequently been studied by transmission- and scanning electron microscopy. The specimen preparation procedure may considerably influence the final result, and formation of artefacts is frequently observed. In this respect, formation of ice crystals during cryofixation is a well-known phenomenon. But dehydration, to an extent such as is required for embedding procedures, also appears to be harmful to dairy products. Micrographs of thin sections of plastic- embedded samples of casein submicelles show threadlike material, whereas in freeze-etched specimens only spherical particles are found. Similar observations are made when samples of cheese and of concentrated milk are investigated. It is therefore concluded that the use of organic solvents for dehydration purposes is to be avoided when s tudying the fine structure of casein. High-voltage electron microscopy has not yet found any application to speak of in dairy research, but may become of interest in the study of the three-dimensional networks in milk gels by using thick sections. As yet electron microprobe analysis has found only little adoption in dairy research, viz. in energy- dispersive X-ray microanalysis of the calcium and phosphorus contents of casein micelles, and of the composition of crystalline inclusions in cheese.
Three-photon excited band edge and trap emission of CdS semiconductor nanocrystals (2004)

We report on three-photon excited band edge and trap emission of CdS semiconductor nanocrystals. While the band edge emission intensity clearly shows a cubic dependence on excitation intensity, demonstrating three-photon absorption process, the trap emission does not exhibit such a cubic dependence. A simple theoretical model based on the assumption that there exist a limited number of trap states in nanocrystals shows good agreement with the experiment, suggesting that the number of trap states play an important role in their emission intensity dependence of multiphoton excitation. The three-photon absorption cross section of CdS nanocrystals is measured to be ∼10−79 cm6 s2 photon−2, which is three to four orders of magnitude higher than those of the previously reported common UV fluorescent dyes.
[Cultivation of the rabies virus in the continuous kidney cell line 4647 from the green marmoset]. (1985)

Continuous cells of green monkey kidney 4647 were found to be highly sensitive to three variants of the Vnukovo-32 vaccine strain of rabies virus preliminarily adapted to the primary line of Syrian hamster kidney cells. The virus litre increased with passages in the 4647 cell culture. The resulting virus variants had sufficient immunogenic potency. The time course of virus replication at a temperature of 32 degrees C was studied. The heteroploid cell line 4647 was found to be promising for manufacture of medical and veterinary cultural rabies vaccines.
Male Fertility Defect Associated with Disrupted BRCA1-PALB2 Interaction in Mice (2014)

PALB2 links BRCA1 and BRCA2 in homologous recombinational repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Mono-allelic mutations in PALB2 increase the risk of breast, pancreatic, and other cancers, and biallelic mutations cause Fanconi anemia (FA). Like Brca1 and Brca2, systemic knock-out of Palb2 in mice results in embryonic lethality. In this study, we generated a hypomorphic Palb2 allele expressing a mutant PALB2 protein unable to bind BRCA1. Consistent with an FA-like phenotype, cells from the mutant mice showed hypersensitivity and chromosomal breakage when treated with mitomycin C, a DNA interstrand crosslinker. Moreover, mutant males showed reduced fertility due to impaired meiosis and increased apoptosis in germ cells. Interestingly, mutant meiocytes showed a significant defect in sex chromosome synapsis, which likely contributed to the germ cell loss and fertility defect. Our results underscore the in vivo importance of the PALB2-BRCA1 complex formation in DSB repair and male meiosis.
Schottky Barrier Height Reduction and Drive Current Improvement in Metal Source/Drain MOSFET with Strained-Si Channel (2003)

The use of strain to reduce contact resistance and improve the drive current of the Schottky barrier source/drain metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor is proposed. The advantages of this approach were shown by theoretical calculation based on the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. Furthermore, the interface dipole theory was firstly applied to the calculation in order to clarify the effects of strain and Fermi-level pinning on the Schottky barrier height. The calculated results indicate that bi-axial strain can reduce the Schottky-barrier height and increase complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistor drive current without disturbance of Fermi-level pinning, whereas hydrostatic strain has no effect on the barrier height because of the pinning. These results indicate the combination of the metal source/drain structure with a bi-axially strained Si channel can be beneficial for improving the drive current of nanoscale metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET).
ACE Inhibitor or Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Attenuates Diabetic Neuropathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (2006)

ACE inhibition and/or blocking of the angiotensin II receptor are recognized as first-line treatment for nephropathy and cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. However, little information is available about the potential benefits of these drugs on diabetic neuropathy. We examined vascular and neural activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats that were treated for 12 weeks with enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, or L-158809, an angiotensin II receptor blocker. A prevention protocol (group 1) as well as three intervention protocols (treatment was initiated after 4, 8, or 12 weeks of diabetes [groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively]) were used. Endoneurial blood flow and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were impaired in all groups of untreated diabetic rats. In group 1, treatment of diabetic rats with enalapril or L-158809 partially prevented the diabetes-induced decrease in endoneurial blood flow and MNCV. In groups 2-4, intervention with enalapril was more effective in reversing the diabetes-induced impairment in endoneurial blood flow and MNCV than L-158809. The superoxide level in the aorta and epineurial arterioles of diabetic rats was increased. Treatment of diabetic rats with enalapril or L-158809 reduced the superoxide level in the aorta in all groups but was less effective in epineurial arterioles. Acetylcholine and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) cause vasodilation in epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve, which was impaired by diabetes. Treatment of diabetic rats (all groups) with enalapril or L-158809 completely prevented/reversed the diabetes-induced impairment in CGRP-mediated vascular relaxation. Treatment with enalapril or L-158809 was also effective in improving impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation, but the efficacy was diminished from groups 1 to 4. These studies suggest that ACE inhibitors and/or angiotensin II receptor blockers may be effective treatments for diabetes and vascular and neural dysfunction. However, the efficacy of these treatments may be dependent on when the treatment is initiated.
Procurement in Large‐Scale Oil and Gas Projects (1987)

The author is engaged in an ongoing research project dealing with the management of large‐scale projects in the construction and extraction industries in Western Canada. This article reports on one important aspect of the findings: the involvement of procurement and logistics personnel in the various phases of such projects. He identifies a number of problems and discusses suggestions for improved operating effectiveness.
Enrichment of rat NK cytotoxicity for H2-negative murine embryonal carcinoma cells by panning and short-term culture in TCGF. (1984)

The rat natural killer (NK) cell, defined here by spontaneous lysis of H2-negative embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, was investigated with respect to its antigenic phenotype. Rat spleen cells were separated by panning into adherent and non-adherent populations after incubation with monoclonal antibodies defining differentiation antigens of rat lymphoid cells. This method achieved considerable NK enrichment in some of the panned populations (for example, W3/13 non-adherent cells, up to 20-fold), but emphasized the heterogeneous surface antigen expression of the NK cell type. These enrichment procedures were used to establish bulk cultures of rat NK cells which increased in specific activity over several weeks when grown in T cell-growth factor (TCGF) and could be cloned in soft agarose.
X Window programming from scratch (2000)

From the Publisher:
X Window Programming From Scratch shows how to create a graphical user interface and accomplish graphic rendering using the X Window System software. It offers a unique approach to skill development by leading you through basic to very advanced concepts. This book provides a guide to the Linux operating system for application development, step-by-step instruction to the correct usage and syntax of C, a comprehensive introduction of the X Window System for interface creation and graphic rendering, and a complete structured project to learn by doing.
Cathodic Deposition of Copper Selenide Films on Tin Oxide in Sulfate Solutions (1993)

The reactions accompanying the electrodeposition of binary copper selenium compounds from cupric sulfate and selenious acid solutions were studied by voltammetry. The deposits were chemically analyzed and the formed phases were identified by x‐ray diffractometry. The deposit composition is determined by the fluxes of the Cu(II) and Se(IV) species arriving at the electrode in a relatively narrow potential range, from −0.5 to −0.8 V vs. MSE. For the more negative values of potential, only is obtained as a solid but nonadherent compound. If there is a selenium excess, it is reduced to soluble selenide species. A model gives the distribution of the formed products as a function of the solution concentration and applied potential.
<i>P</i>-Element-Induced Male Recombination and Gene Conversion in Drosophila (1996)

A P-element insertion flanked by 13 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker sites was used to examine male recombination and gene conversion at an autosomal site. The great majority of crossovers on chromosome arm 2R occurred within the 4-kb region containing the P element and RFLP sites. Of the 128 recombinants analyzed, approximately two-thirds carried duplications or deletions flanking the P element. These rearrangements are described in more detail in the accompanying report. In a parallel experiment, we examined 91 gene conversion tracts resulting from excision of the same autosomal P element. We found the average tract length was 1463 bp, which is essentially the same as found previously at the white locus. The distribution of conversion tract endpoints was indistinguishable from the distribution of crossover points among the nonrearranged male recombinants. Most recombination events can be explained by the "hybrid element insertion" model, but, for those lacking a duplication or deletion, a second step involving double-strand gap repair must be postulated to explain the distribution of crossover points.