gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
"RATS", a Relative Acoustic Tracking System developed for deep ocean navigation (2002)

Long baseline (LBL) acoustic navigation techniques have traditionally been used to find the position of vehicles or towed systems in the deep ocean. LBL techniques compute the vehicle position by triangulation, based on measured acoustic ranges to fixed acoustic transponders. There is a considerable motivation to develop an accurate relative navigation system, whereby the subsea vehicle position may be calculated with respect to the surface ship, based on a range and bearing measurement, thus eliminating the need for bottom transponders. The vehicle's position may then be found in world coordinates, by adding the relative position of the vehicle to the GPS position found for the ship. The errors associated with relative navigation are primarily angular in nature, thus making it difficult to achieve sufficient accuracy at long ranges to satisfy the survey requirements. This paper describes RATS (Relative Acoustic Tracking System), which was developed by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution specifically for determining the position of the TOSS deep towed imaging vehicle system, operated by the Naval Oceanographic Office. RATS utilizes wide band signaling techniques with DSP (digital signal processor) implementation, combined with six axis motion compensation to obtain high accuracy relative positioning of the towed system with respect to the surface ship. A complete description of the system, as well as field results from deep ocean operations, is presented.
Cooperative effects between two acyclovir resistance loci in herpes simplex virus (1984)

The acyclovir-resistant mutant SC16 R9C2 (H.J. Field, G. Darby, and P. Wildy , J. Gen. Virol. 49:115-124, 1980) has been shown to contain two resistance loci which segregate independently on recombination with wild-type virus. One locus is in thymidine kinase, and the other is in DNA polymerase. Both induced enzymes have altered properties, thymidine kinase showing a low affinity for acyclovir and low activity, and DNA polymerase showing a low affinity for acyclovir triphosphate. Other properties of both enzymes are described which distinguish them from their wild-type counterparts. Recombinants containing either mutant thymidine kinase ( RSC -11) or mutant DNA polymerase ( RSC -26), but not both, have been used to investigate the relative contribution of each lesion to resistance and pathogenicity. Although SC16 R9C2 and both recombinants grow as well as does wild-type virus in tissue culture, they are considerably attenuated in vivo, the greatest attenuation of virulence being seen with SC16 R9C2 and RSC -26. With respect to both acyclovir resistance and in vivo growth, the lesions appear to behave synergistically. Cross resistance studies have shown the recombinant RSC -26, which contains mutant DNA polymerase but which evidently expresses wild-type thymidine kinase, to be cross resistant to both 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine but not to (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine or 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine.
Multipolar excitation in triangular nanoprisms (2005)

Theoretical studies on the optical properties of gold triangular prisms in solution are presented to determine how structural modifications affect the extinction spectrum. Well-defined trends in the particle extinction are found to depend on the triangular edge length and the prism thickness. Calculations performed on large, thin triangular prisms indicate multipolar excitation and display numerous peaks in the extinction spectrum. The dominant peaks are assigned to different in-plane modes corresponding to the lowest three orders of a multipole expansion. Vector polarization plots are presented to support the peak assignments. Altering the prisms by snipping off the points of the triangular cross section significantly blueshifts the dipole peak, but the higher-order modes are only slightly affected. Snipping off large volumes can lead to the suppression of high-order multipoles in the extinction spectrum.
Simulation of electric field uniformity in through silicon via filling (2010)

There are many factors which will affect the final result of TSV filling, such as ratio of the additives including accelerator, suppresser, leveler and so on. Complicated environment is also hard to control exactly. If we want to form the “bottom up” in the plating, there must be comprehensively consideration of all factors. Many studies have focused on the effect of additives on the plating uniformity. But in industrial production, the macro-uniformity is the primary consideration. In this paper, we are talking about the most important factor-the electric field. ANSYS is used to simulate the electric field distribution in order to find the most Optimal parameters. Considering some major factors in electroplating, an optimization model is suggested by simulation. And the non-uniformity is reduced to below 10%. Based on this, we have simulated the electroplating of microholes in the beginning of TSV filling. The uniformity of the electric field inside the hole is mainly determined by the adsorption of chemical additives, especially for the suppressor. Deeper of the adsorbed position of suppressor, better “bottom up” trend in the process of electroplating.
Optical low-coherence reflectometry characterization of cladding modes excited by long-period fiber gratings (1999)

The group refractive-index difference of cladding modes excited by a long-period fiber grating is characterized by use of the technique of optical low-coherence reflectometry, with a precision of <10(-4) . Very good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is demonstrated.
CT Data Storage Reduction by Means of Compressing Projection Data Instead of Images: Feasibility Study (2001)

The authors developed and evaluated a technique of compressing raw projection data at computed tomography (CT). Raw projection data acquired at CT were compressed and decompressed and then used for image reconstruction. For comparison, original images were compressed by comparable ratios. Projection data files were more compressible than image files. Projection data compression is a promising, efficient method to reduce data file size and thus to facilitate retrospective image reconstruction.
Understanding Microsoft Windows 2000 distributed services (2000)

From the Publisher:
For programmers and highly technical managers, this book offers a clear overview of Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS). The title gives a solid introduction to the architecture of MTS and related services, providing a readable, coherent overview of the entire topic--and a clear understanding of how the various technologies fit together in an enterprise's application strategy. 
Experience Level: Beginner/ Intermediate
Synthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. I. Nitrogen Mustards Derived from p-[N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]benzaldehyde<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. I. Nitrogen Mustards Derived from p-[N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]benzaldehyde1ROBERT C. ELDERFIELD, IRENE S. COVEY, JOYCE B. GEIDUSCHEK, WALTER L. MEYER, ALBERTA B. ROSS, and JOSEPH H. ROSSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 11, 1749–1753Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01105a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01105a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views388Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Speaker cluster-based speaker adaptive training for deep neural network acoustic modeling (2016)

A speaker cluster-based speaker adaptive training (SAT) method under deep neural network-hidden Markov model (DNN-HMM) framework is presented in this paper. During training, speakers that are acoustically adjacent to each other are hierarchically clustered using an i-vector based distance metric. DNNs with speaker dependent layers are then adaptively trained for each cluster of speakers. Before decoding starts, an unseen speaker in test set is matched to the closest speaker cluster through comparing i-vector based distances. The previously trained DNN of the matched speaker cluster is used for decoding utterances of the test speaker. The performance of the proposed method on a large vocabulary spontaneous speech recognition task is evaluated on a training set of 1500 hours of speech, and a test set of 24 speakers with 1774 utterances. Compared to a speaker independent DNN with a word error rate of 11.6%, a relative 6.8% improvement in performance is obtained from the proposed method.
The structure of the lipid anchor of<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>polysaccharide (2006)

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Campylobacter jejuni produces extracellular polysaccharides that have been characterized structurally and shown to be independent of lipopolysaccharides. Furthermore, it has been suggested that these C. jejuni polysaccharides are capsular in nature, although their lipid anchor has not been identified. In this report, the occurrence of a lipid-linked capsular-like polysaccharide in C. jejuni is conclusively shown, and the lipid anchor identified as dipalmitoyl-glycerophosphate.
Removing Mechanical Skin in Heavy Oil Wells (2000)

Abstract High-amplitude, low-frequency pressure pulsing was developed as a new oil well workover technique, and has been used in &gt; 40 heavy oil wells in Alberta and Saskatchewan during the period October 1998 to October 1999, with a good success ratio. The method is particularly effective in initiation sand production and in cases where mechanical skin arising from blocked perforations, immobilized fines and asphaltenes are responsible for a high skin factor. Perforation blockage, restriction of near-wellbore flow paths through fines accumulation, pore throat precipitation of asphaltenes, and sand re-compaction around the well are all thought to be responsible for rapid production rate declines in many wells. In heavy oil wells, chemical treatments alone are rarely useful, but large physical perturbations of the material around the wellbore have been found to be effective in reestablishing production. A downhole device was developed to apply large periodic pressure pulses to the perforation face. This device also permits injection of fluid at measured rates into the nearwellbore region while executing prolonged (9–12 hour) high-amplitude perturbation. The action loosens mechanical skin, allowing the source of flow blockage to be physically removed through remolding and liquefaction of the sand around the wellbore. This liquefied zone is produced when the well is placed back on production, and in most cases the well is rejuvenated. In some cases, wells that never produced economic rates of oil because sand influx could not be initiated were turned into reasonable producers after a pressure pulse treatment. The method can also be used to deliberately introduce treatment chemicals while reducing the negative effects of channeling and fingering, as the front of treatment fluid ingress is well dispersed by the pressure pulsing.
Fluorosilicate equilibriums in sodium chloride solutions from 0 to 60.degree.C (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorosilicate equilibriums in sodium chloride solutions from 0 to 60.degree.CR. H. Busey, Eugene Schwartz, and R. E. MesmerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 3, 758–761Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50205a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50205a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extended three-dimensional impedance map methods for identifying ultrasonic scattering sites (2008)

The frequency-dependent ultrasound backscatter from tissues contains information about the microstructure that can be quantified. In many cases, the anatomic microstructure details responsible for ultrasonic scattering remain unidentified. However, their identification would lead to potentially improved methodologies for characterizing tissue and diagnosing disease from ultrasonic backscatter measurements. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) acoustic models of tissue microstructure, termed 3D impedance maps (3DZMs), were introduced to help to identify scattering sources [J. Mamou, M. L. Oelze, W. D. O'Brien, Jr., and J. F. Zachary, "Identifying ultrasonic scattering sites from 3D impedance maps," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 413-423 (2005)]. In the current study, new 3DZM methodologies are used to model and identify scattering structures. New processing procedures (e.g., registration, interpolations) are presented that allow more accurate 3DZMs to be constructed from histology. New strategies are proposed to construct scattering models [i.e., form factor (FF)] from 3DZMs. These new methods are tested on simulated 3DZMs, and then used to evaluate 3DZMs from three different rodent tumor models. Simulation results demonstrate the ability of the extended strategies to accurately predict FFs and estimate scatterer properties. Using the 3DZM methods, distinct FFs and scatterer properties were obtained for each tumor examined.
The temporal expression profile of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection in mice (2004)

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the illness tuberculosis with an annual mortality of approximately 2 million. Understanding the nature of the host-pathogen interactions at different stages of tuberculosis is central to new strategies for developing chemotherapies and vaccines. Toward this end, we adapted microarray technology to analyze the change in gene expression profiles of M. tuberculosis during infection in mice. This protocol provides the transcription profile of genes expressed during the course of early tuberculosis in immune-competent (BALB/c) and severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) hosts in comparison with growth in medium. The microarray analysis revealed clusters of genes that changed their transcription levels exclusively in the lungs of BALB/c, SCID mice, or medium over time. We identified a set of genes (n = 67) activated only in BALB/c and not in SCID mice at 21 days after infection, a key point in the progression of tuberculosis. A subset of the lung-activated genes was previously identified as induced during mycobacterial survival in a macrophage cell line. Another group of in vivo-expressed genes may also define a previously unreported genomic island. In addition, our analysis suggests the similarity between mycobacterial transcriptional machinery during growth in SCID and in broth, which questions the validity of using the SCID model for assessing mycobacterial virulence. The in vivo expression-profiling technology presented should be applicable to any microbial model of infection.
Lineage and Virulence of<i>Streptococcus suis</i>Serotype 2 Isolates from North America (2011)

We performed multilocus sequence typing of 64 North American Streptococcus suis serotype 2 porcine isolates. Strains were sequence type (ST) 28 (51%), ST25 (44%), and ST1 (5%). We identified nonrandom associations between STs and expression of the virulence markers suilysin (SLY), muramidase-relased protein (MRP), and extracellular factor (EF). Expression of pili encoded by the srtF and srtG pilus clusters was also nonrandomly associated with STs. ST1 strains were SLY+ EF+ MRP+ srtF pilus+ srtG pilus-. ST25 strains were SLY- EF- MRP- srtF pilus- srtG pilus+, and most ST28 strains were SLY- MRP+ EF- srtF pilus+ srtG pilus+. ST28 isolates proved essentially nonvirulent in a mouse infection model; ST25 strains showed moderate virulence and ST1 isolates were highly virulent. ST1 is responsible for a high proportion of S. suis disease in humans worldwide. Its presence in North America indicates that potential zoonotic S. suis outbreaks in this continent cannot be disregarded.
Induction of oxidative stress by anticancer drugs in the presence and absence of cells (2017)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in the cell through multiple mechanisms. Intracellular ROS are rapidly detoxified by various enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms; however, disruption of the oxidant-antioxidant balance causes oxidative stress and elicits cell damage. The oxidative stress induced by chemotherapy is known to cause side effects in patients with cancer. However, few studies have examined whether anticancer drugs induce oxidative stress in cancer cells. Furthermore, the precise mechanism by which anticancer drugs induce the generation of ROS remains unclear. In the present study, to investigate whether anticancer drugs induce oxidative stress, DLD-1 human colorectal cancer cells were treated with 20 different anticancer drugs and then stained with CellROX<sup>®</sup> ROS detection reagent. Furthermore, an oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay in the presence of copper was performed to estimate the oxidative activities of the anticancer drugs in the absence of cells. The data of the present study using assay methods in the presence and absence of cells suggest that nimustine, actinomycin D, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, mitoxantrone, carmofur, gemcitabine, mercaptopurine, camptothecin, paclitaxel, vinblastine, and vinorelbine are able to induce oxidative stress.
Approach to the determination of insulin-like-growth-factor-I (IGF-I) concentration in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry: use of a deconvolution algorithm for the quantification of multiprotonated molecules in electrospray ionization (2001)

The insulin-like-growth-factor-I (IGF-I) peptide is known to be a marker for growth hormone administration. The development of a quantification method by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is required. This paper describes a method to quantify IGF-I using the internal standard R3 IGF-I in its oxidized forms. A deconvolution software was used to quantify the set of multi-charged molecules recorded on an ESI ion trap mass spectrometer. The results (i.e., linearity, reproducibility and concentration range) were obtained on standard samples and the described LC-ESI-MS method should be applicable to biological samples.
Activation of the C <sub>1</sub> to C <sub>14</sub> Monocarboxylic Acids by a Yeast (1970)

Cell extracts of a yeast grown on hexadecane contained a (C(7) to C(14)) acyl-coenzyme A synthetase, acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, and acetokinase.
In Vivo PET Tracking of 89Zr-Labeled Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells to Mouse Xenograft Breast Tumors Activated with Liposomal Alendronate (2018)

Gammadelta T (γδ-T) cells are strong candidates for adoptive immunotherapy in oncology due to their cytotoxicity, ease of expansion, and favorable safety profile. The development of γδ-T cell therapies would benefit from non-invasive cell-tracking methods and increased targeting to tumor sites. Here we report the use of [<sup>89</sup>Zr]Zr(oxinate)<sub>4</sub> to track Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET). In vitro, we showed that <sup>89</sup>Zr-labeled Vγ9Vδ2 T cells retained their viability, proliferative capacity, and anti-cancer cytotoxicity with minimal DNA damage for amounts of <sup>89</sup>Zr ≤20 mBq/cell. Using a mouse xenograft model of human breast cancer, <sup>89</sup>Zr-labeled γδ-T cells were tracked by PET imaging over 1 week. To increase tumor antigen expression, the mice were pre-treated with PEGylated liposomal alendronate. Liposomal alendronate, but not placebo liposomes or non-liposomal alendronate, significantly increased the <sup>89</sup>Zr signal in the tumors, suggesting increased homing of γδ-T cells to the tumors. γδ-T cell trafficking to tumors occurred within 48 hr of administration. The presence of γδ-T cells in tumors, liver, and spleen was confirmed by histology. Our results demonstrate the suitability of [<sup>89</sup>Zr]Zr(oxinate)<sub>4</sub> as a cell-labeling agent for therapeutic T cells and the potential benefits of liposomal bisphosphonate treatment before γδ-T cell administration.
KIR enrichment at the effector‐target cell interface is more sensitive than signaling to the strength of ligand binding (2003)

Target cell lysis by natural killer cells is inhibited by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) that bind major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Many lymphocyte receptors, including KIR, become enriched at the interface with ligand-bearing cells. The contribution of the enrichment to inhibitory signaling has not been determined. We now describe a KIR variant with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) at the N terminus that can mediate inhibitory signaling, but its enrichment is markedly reduced. This receptor is only slightly weaker at inhibiting lysis than the same KIR tagged with EGFP in the cytoplasmic tail, even though the latter enriched as extensively as wild-type KIR. A slight defect was also detected in the ability of the receptor to reduce adhesion to target cells and for binding of a soluble counterpart to cell surface HLA-C. Our findings suggest that the strength of the interaction required to readily detect receptor enrichment exceeds that required for signaling.