gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized Multiplex Label-Free Electronic Chip for Rapid Nucleic Acid Analysis Based on Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectrode Arrays (2004)

The discussed MWNT NEAs have ultrahigh sensitivity in direct electrochemical detection of guanine bases in the nucleic acid target. Fewer than approximately 1000 target nucleic acid molecules can be measured with a single microelectrode pad of approximately 20 x 20 microm2, which approaches the detection limit of laser scanners in fluorescence-based DNA microarray techniques. MWNT NEAs can be easily integrated with microelectronic circuitry and microfluidics for development of a fully automated system for rapid molecular analysis with minimum cost.
Dielectric Properties of Lead·Strontium Titanate (1955)

The dielectric and thermal properties and lattice dimensions of lead·strontium titanate were investigated, the solid solution being realized in the whole range of molar percentage. It was found that, lead·strontium titanate is also ferroelectric as lead·barium titanate and barium·strontium titanate. As the content of Sr 2+ increases, the lattice volume and tetragonality decrease. The Curie temperature decreases linearly with the increase of the content of Sr 2+ and any other transition point was not observed. Curie-Weiss formula holds above Curie temperature, the value of Curie constant being (3∼9)×10 4 °C.
Fc Receptor-Mediated Immune Responses: New Tools But Increased Complexity in HIV Prevention (2013)

The modest success of the RV144 HIV vaccine trial in Thailand and the ensuing suggestion that a Fc-receptormediated antibody activity might have played a role in the protection observed have intensified investigations on Fcrelated immune responses. HIV neutralizing antibodies have been and continue to be the focal point of research into humoral immune protection. However, recent knowledge that their protective efficacy can be augmented by Fc-FcR interactions has increased the complexity of identifying immune correlates of protection. If anything, continued studies of both humoral and cellular immune mechanisms point to the lack of a single protective anti-HIV immune response. Here we focus on humoral immunity, analyzing the role played by Fc receptor-related responses and discussing how new knowledge of their interactions requires further investigation, but may also spur novel vaccination approaches. We initially address classical Fc-receptor mediated anti-viral mechanisms including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cell mediated viral inhibition (ADCVI), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), as well as the effector cells that mediate these functions. Next, we summarize key aspects of FcR-Fc interactions that are important for potential control of HIV/SIV such as FcR polymorphisms and post-transcriptional modifications. Finally we discuss less commonly studied non-mechanistic anti-HIV immune functions: antibody avidity and envelopespecific B cell memory. Overall, a spectrum of immune responses, reflecting the immune system's redundancy, will likely be needed to prevent HIV infection and/or disease progression. Aside from elicitation of critical immune mechanisms, a successful vaccine will need to induce mature B cell responses and long-lasting immune memory.
eNNclave (2020)

Outsourcing machine learning inference creates a confidentiality dilemma: either the client has to trust the server with potentially sensitive input data, or the server has to share his commercially valuable model. Known remedies include homomorphic encryption, multi-party computation, or placing the entire model in a trusted enclave. None of these are suitable for large models. For two relevant use cases, we show that it is possible to keep all confidential model parameters in the last (dense) layers of deep neural networks. This allows us to split the model such that the confidential parts fit into a trusted enclave on the client side. We present the eNNclave toolchain to cut TensorFlow models at any layer, splitting them into public and enclaved layers. This preserves TensorFlow's performance optimizations and hardware support for public layers, while keeping the parameters of the enclaved layers private. Evaluations on several machine learning tasks spanning multiple domains show that fast inference is possible while keeping the sensitive model parameters confidential. Accuracy results are close to the baseline where all layers carry sensitive information and confirm our approach is practical.
Some design criteria in scanning tunneling microscopy (1986)

Optimum functioning of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) requires tip-to-sample position control with picometer precision, a rough and fine positioning capability in three dimensions, a scanning range of at least 100 times the lateral resolution, a scanning speed as high as possible, and also, preferably, simplicity of operation. These requirements have to be satisfied in the presence of building vibrations with up to micrometer-size amplitudes, temperature drift, and other perturbations. They result in design rules, presented and discussed here, for the optimization of damping, stiffness, electrical control circuitry, and the performance of the piezoelectric actuators usually employed in STMs.
Erratum: “Color-tunable organic light emitting devices” [Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>69</b>, 2959 (1996)] (1997)

First Page
Heating Characteristics of Laboratory Animals Exposed to Ten-Centimeter Microwaves (1964)

Experimental animals were exposed to a 10-cm microwave field in order to study the heating and cooling characteristics of the entire animal and localized sensitive structures. The flanks of rats, rabbits and dogs were exposed and the whole body heating was observed. After heating, the cooling curve was determined. Similarly, restricted area fields were used to study heating and cooling of eyes and testes. Data on the heating and cooling rates were used to determine the most sensitive structures. The experimental findings, together with the values for some pertinent related factors from the literature, provide the basis for an estimation of the possible risks to man from exposure to microwaves.
Genetic analysis of the attenuator of the Rhizobium meliloti trpE(G) gene (1991)

It was previously reported that transcription of the Rhizobium meliloti trpE(G) gene starts at the adenine residue of the AUG codon of the leader peptide coding sequence (trpL), suggesting that translation of the trpL sequence starts without the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. We constructed mutations replacing the AUG codon of the trpL sequence with AAG or ACG. These mutations reduced the expression of a trpL'-'lacZ fusion gene to 0.1 and 0.2% of the wild-type level, respectively, indicating that the AUG codon is the translation initiation codon for the trpL coding sequence. In addition, these mutations, as well as a mutation converting the eighth codon (UCG) of the trpL sequence to UGA, abolished regulation by attenuation when introduced upstream of the tandem tryptophan codons in a trpE'-'lacZ fusion. Mutations affecting the stability of the probable antiterminator and terminator secondary structures in trpL mRNA were also constructed. Studies using these mutations indicate that the attenuator of R. meliloti functions in a way analogous to that of the Escherichia coli trp attenuator.
Review of downhole measurements while drilling (1975)

There are large economic and technical incentives for measuring and telemetering data from downhole while drilling. These incentives include: improving overall drilling performance; improving safety through abnormal pressure detection and continuous monitoring of well control information; surveying and steering deviated holes; monitoring performance of downhole motors; continuous logging (for formation evaluation) while drilling; direct measurements for selection of coring intervals and casing seats; and improving planning of exploration and production wells. A practical, general purpose telemetry system is not yet available. While broad commercial availability is not expected within the next one to two years, prototype testing of systems is underway and limited availability of one or more systems is expected within two years. The methods presently used to measure drilling and formation parameters are reviewed. Different systems for transmitting borehole data which have been studied are categorized and described, and the basic advantages and disadvantages of each category are outlined. (TFD)
Analysis of Supercapacitor as Second Source Based on Fuel Cell Power Generation (2009)

This paper presents the utilization of a supercapacitor as an auxiliary power source in a distributed generation system, composed of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as the main energy source. The main weak point of fuel cells (FCs) is slow dynamics because one must limit the FC current slope in order to prevent fuel starvation problems, to improve its performance and lifetime. The very fast power response and high specific power of a supercapacitor can complement the slower power output of the main source to produce the compatibility and performance characteristics needed in a load. The FC and supercapacitor characteristics are clearly presented. Experimental results with small-scale devices (supercapacitor bank: 292-F, 30-V, 400-A; PEMFC: 500-W, 40-A) illustrate excellent performance during a motor drive cycle.
Volume Extraction from Body Scans for Bra Sizing (2015)

We present a novel method for bra sizing based on surface scan data. While the current standard of finding the proper size for brassieres is based on only two 1-dimensional measurements, our approach takes the entire shape information into account. We propose to use the breast's volume as a good approximation for that shape. To compute the breast volume we introduce a robust and automatic algorithm based on measuring the volume difference of a torso with and without the breasts. Finally, we compare our novel sizing strategy to the traditional sizing of bras. We will show a better distribution across the population of test-subjects. Using the surface scan data in combination with our volume based sizing approach we can furthermore generate mean body shapes for every bra size which is of great benefit for bra development.
Resonant Converter with Voltage-Doubler Rectifier or Full-Bridge Rectifier for Wide-Output Voltage and High-Power Applications (2018)

This paper presents a resonant converter with the benefits of wide output voltage, wide soft switching characteristics for power devices and high circuit efficiency. Since the series resonant circuit is adopted on the primary side, the power switches are turned on under zero voltage switching and power diodes on the secondary side can be turned off under zero current switching. To overcome the drawback of narrow voltage operation range in the conventional resonant converter, full-bridge rectifier and voltage-doubler rectifier topologies are employed on the secondary side for low-voltage output and high-voltage output applications. Therefore, the voltage rating of power devices on the secondary side is clamped at output voltage, rather than two times output voltage, in the center-tapped rectifier circuit. Synchronous power switches are used on the secondary side to further reduce the conduction losses so that the circuit efficiency can be further improved. To verify the theoretical analysis and circuit performance, a laboratory prototype with 1 kW rated power was built and tested.
Layered T2-, O6-, O2-, and P2-Type A<sub>2/3</sub>[M‘<sup>2+</sup><sub>1/3</sub>M<sup>4+</sup><sub>2/3</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> Bronzes, A = Li, Na; M‘ = Ni, Mg; M = Mn, Ti (2000)

Layered compounds A2/3[M‘2+1/3M4+2/3]O2 are studied for A = Li, Na, M‘ = Ni, Mg, and M = Mn, Ti. The metastable compounds with A = Li have been uniformly prepared from P2 structure precursors with A = Na by ion exchange. For the cases M‘ = Ni, Mg and M = Mn we find that the cations within a [M‘2+1/3M4+2/3]O2 sheet are ordered on a (√3)a by (√3)a superlattice that is preserved during ion exchange. The in-plane ordering is exactly the same as found for the Li and Mn atoms in the layered compound Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2, better known as Li2MnO3. When M = Ti, no evidence for transition metal ordering is observed. Using the results from X-ray and neutron scattering, Li2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 is shown to adopt a new orthorhombic structure that we call T2. In the notation of Hagenmuller and Delmas, the T2 structure has a two-layer unit cell and tetrahedral sites for lithium. Li2/3[Mg1/3Mn2/3]O2 adopts an O6 structure. The focus of the work is the novel T2 structure, and we give crystallographic arguments for the formation of T2 versus O6 based on the detailed stacking of the ordered transition-metal layers.
A novel electric design for electromagnetic stimulation-the Slinky coil (1995)

A novel coil design for inductive electromagnetic stimulation of neural cells has been simulated and experimentally tested. This coil improves the focal effect of a magnetic stimulator, and it reduces its inductance, hence the efficiency of the system is improved. The basic structure of the device is derived from the popular "Slinky" toy. The actual device is formed by winding different numbers of loops forming a helical coil on a half torus. The loops are bunched at the axis of the torus. The coil, due to its geometry, generates a unique distribution of eddy currents in nearby tissues which is favorable compared to a solenoid type stimulator. This renders the Slinky coil more selective than conventional coils used for magnetic stimulation. The distribution of eddy currents was analyzed using Matlab, following Faraday's Law of Induction. Improved focality permits the current through the coil to be reduced for the same effect. In addition, the reduced inductance of the Slinky coil decreases the power requirement; thus, the improved efficiency of the system may allow the generation of bursts of pulses, and expand the utilization of the system to possible functional activation of certain neuro-muscular structures when peripheral nerves are stimulated.
T cell receptor stimulation, but not CD28 costimulation, is dependent on LFA‐1‐mediated events (1994)

Accessory molecules play a crucial role in the development of the T cell response to antigenic challenge. In this manuscript we specifically examine the role of two accessory molecules, CD28 and LFA-1, in modulating the T cell proliferative response to a variety of stimuli. We demonstrate that the proliferation induced by staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B in combination with CD28 costimulation is dependent on LFA-1-mediated events. This requirement for LFA-1 is independent of T cell-accessory cell adhesion. Similarly, an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, which has previously been shown to be a CD28-dependent response, can be inhibited by blockade of LFA-1. This suggests LFA-1 plays an essential role in these responses, either by enhancing intercellular adhesion or by an independent signal transduction event. In contrast, when the primary activating stimulus is delivered by immobilized anti-CD3 antibody or by PMA, and the secondary stimulus by either alpha-CD28 or cell-bound CD28 ligand B7, there is no requirement for LFA-1. In addition, we demonstrate that cross-linking of LFA-1 with immobilized monoclonal antibody, or engagement of LFA-1 with ICAM-1 expressed on the surface of a CHO cell, provide an insufficient costimulus for T cell proliferation initiated by enterotoxin, immobilized alpha-CD3 or phorbol ester. Our data suggests that LFA-1, in contrast to CD28, functions not as a costimulatory molecule, but serves primarily to modulate the signal delivered through the T cell receptor.
A survey on the development and design strategies for safety related systems according the standard IEC/EN 61508 (2006)

This paper gives a detailed summary on the international safety standard IEC/EN 61508. It describes the requirements for the design of safety related systems and the request to control faults during operations as demanded by the international standard. It describes different aspects for the development of safety hardware systems, which has to be incorporate into the design, to get the system not only certified by an independent organisation, but also to make it safe. The authors discuss different measurements to be taken, to avoid faults and to control faults when the hardware or a component is getting faulty.
Phototherapy trends in dermatology (2013)

Use of phototherapy for psoriasis has remained relatively low up to 2010. However, phototherapy may be becoming more frequent for conditions other than psoriasis.
Konfokale Laserscanning‐Mikroskopie (1993)

Abstract Konfokale Mikroskope erzeugen im Scanverfahren dreidimensionale Aufnahmen und unterdrücken Streulichtanteil von Bereichen außerhalb der Brennebene. Dies ermöglicht kontrastreiche Bilder mit hoher Auflösung, In Verbindung mit der Fluoreszenzanregung durch Laser beispielsweise werden biochemische Vorgänge in Zellen sichtbar.
Involvement of Two Plasmids in Fenitrothion Degradation by <i>Burkholderia</i> sp. Strain NF100 (2000)

A bacterium capable of utilizing fenitrothion (O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitro-m-tolyl phosphorothioate) as a sole carbon source was isolated from fenitrothion-treated soil. This bacterium was characterized taxonomically as being a member of the genus Burkholderia and was designated strain NF100. NF100 first hydrolyzed an organophosphate bond of fenitrothion, forming 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, which was further metabolized to methylhydroquinone. The ability to degrade fenitrothion was found to be encoded on two plasmids, pNF1 and pNF2.
A 15-mW, 155-Mb/s CMOS burst-mode laser driver with automatic power control and end-of-life detection (1999)

A burst-mode laser driver for passive optical networks (ATM-PON/FSAN, N-PON, /spl pi/-PON) uses mixed-signal design techniques in digital 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS process. Power consumption is 15 mW, which is about an order of magnitude less than previous designs. The laser driver features automatic power control and laser end-of-life detection. These features are implemented with a novel peak comparator, which operates on a packet-by-packet basis.
The effect of component placement on knee kinetics after arthroplasty with an unconstrained prosthesis (2001)

The mechanical success of a total knee replacement demands stable patellar tracking without subluxation and, stable tracking, in turn, can depend largely on the medial-lateral forces restraining the patella. Patellar button medialization has been advocated as a means of reducing subluxation, and experimental evidence has shown femoral component rotation also affects medial-lateral forces. Surgeons have choices in femoral component rotation and patellar button medialization and must frequently make intra-operative decisions concerning component placement because of anatomical variations among patients. Thus, in seeking to minimize medial-lateral patellar force, we examined the effects of patellar button medialization and external femoral component rotation. The study used an unconstrained total knee system implanted in nine cadaveric specimens tested on a knee simulator operating through flexion angles up to 100 degrees. Tests included all combinations of external femoral component rotation of 0 degree, 2.5 degrees, and 5 degrees and patellar placement at the geometric center and at 3.75 mm medial to the geometric center. A video-based motion analysis system tracked patellar and tibial kinematics while a six-component load cell measured patellofemoral loads. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant decrease in the average medial-lateral force with button medialization but no significant change with femoral component rotation. Neither femoral component rotation nor patellar button medialization had an effect on the normal component of the patellar reaction force. External femoral component rotation did cause significant increases in lateral patellar tilt, in tibial varus angle, and in external tibial rotation. Button medialization caused significant increases in lateral patellar tracking, lateral patellar tilt and external tibial rotation. The results in medial-lateral patellar forces quantify the benefit of patellar button medialization and discount any benefit of femoral rotation. The change in tibial kinematics with patellar button medialization and femoral component rotation cannot be measured in vivo with current technology, and the precise clinical implications are unknown.
Astrointestinal Hemorrhage as an Initial Presentation of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in an Adult Patient (2001)

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is characterized by vasculitis of small vessels with IgA-dominant immune complex deposits, and typically involves skin, glomeruli, joints and gastrointestinal tract. The gastrointestinal complications of HSP is well recognized in children, but is rarely reported in adults before the flare-up of typical skin purpuric rash. We here report a 57-year-old woman, initially presenting with gastrointestinal hemorrhage, fever and non-specific crampy abdominal pain. The gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy demonstrate multip1e edematous and hemorrhagic mucosal patches at stomach, duodenum, terminal ileum and rectum. Subsequently, the characteristic skin lesions and arthritis developed 3 weeks later and skin biopsy proved the diagnosis of HSP. HSP should be considered as an unusual etiology of GI bleeding if multiple hemorrhagic mucosal lesions detected by endoscopy, because it has good therapeutic effect by prednisolone.
Taming Text: An Introduction to Text Mining (2006)

Motivation. One of the newest areas of data mining is text mining. Text mining is used to extract information from free form text data such as that in claim description fields. This paper introduces the
<title>Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy of human whole blood and serum</title> (1997)

Optical methods of monitoring blood analytes are attractive to the medical community as alternatives to traditional chemical assays. However, the calibration process is complicated by many factors, such as overlapping spectral bands from different analytes, background noise, and interpatient variability, making the choice of measurement technique crucial. In our studies, we use near-IR Raman spectroscopy in order combine the advantages of deep penetration depths and sharp, distinct peaks. Our system consists of an 830 nm diode laser, fiber-based light delivery and collection, an f/1.8 holographic spectrograph, and a liquid nitrogen-cooled CCD detector. Blood samples from a nearby hospital are placed in cuvettes and stirred throughout the measurements to reduce heating effects. Partial least squares calibration is performed using the Raman spectra and the reference analyte concentrations from the hospital. Prediction uncertainties are calculated by cross-validation using the leave-one-out method. Using scans of fifteen minutes, we are able to extract the concentration of total protein and other analytes form serum samples with clinically acceptable levels of uncertainty. Whole blood studies are currently underway.
Openslice: An opensource OSS for Delivering Network Slice as a Service (2021)

As the 5G standards mature and awareness of the capabilities of the technology increases, industry verticals are becoming more eager to test new services and develop them to the level of maturity required for market adoption. Network slicing, i.e. multiple virtual networks running on a common infrastructure, is considered a key mechanism to serve the multitude of tenants (e.g. vertical industries) targeted by forthcoming fifth generation (5G) systems, in a flexible and cost-efficient manner. It is predicted that one of the most popular models for customers will be the Network Slice as a Service (NSaaS) model. This model allows a Network Service Customer to order and configure a Network Slice and offered it as a service. This work presents Openlice a Service based, opens-ource OSS for delivering NSaaS following emerging standards from SDOs. We strongly believe that such open source solutions make it easier for organizations to enable complex scenarios especially in the are of Non-Public Networks.