gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Lantibiotic Acting on Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Produced by the Uncommon Actinomycete <i>Planomonospora</i> sp. (2007)

Important classes of antibiotics acting on bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, such as beta-lactams and glycopeptides, are used extensively in therapy and are now faced with a challenge because of the progressive spread of resistant pathogens. A discovery program was devised to target novel peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitors capable of overcoming these resistance mechanisms. The microbial products were first screened according to their differential activity against Staphylococcus aureus and its L-form. Then, activities insensitive to the addition of a beta-lactamase cocktail or d-alanyl-d-alanine affinity resin were selected. Thirty-five lantibiotics were identified from a library of broth extracts produced by 40,000 uncommon actinomycetes. Five of them showed structural characteristics that did not match with any known microbial metabolite. In this study, we report on the production, structure determination, and biological activity of one of these novel lantibiotics, namely, planosporicin, which is produced by the uncommon actinomycete Planomonospora sp. Planosporicin is a 2194 Da polypeptide originating from 24 proteinogenic amino acids. It contains lanthionine and methyllanthionine amino acids generating five intramolecular thioether bridges. Planosporicin selectively blocks peptidoglycan biosynthesis and causes accumulation of UDP-linked peptidoglycan precursors in growing bacterial cells. On the basis of its mode of action and globular structure, planosporicin can be assigned to the mersacidin (20 amino acids, 1825 Da) and the actagardine (19 amino acids, 1890 Da) subgroup of type B lantibiotics. Considering its spectrum of activity against Gram-positive pathogens of medical importance, including multi-resistant clinical isolates, and its efficacy in vivo, planosporicin represents a potentially new antibiotic to treat emerging pathogens.
Light Quality-Dependent Nuclear Import of the Plant Photoreceptors Phytochrome A and B (1999)

Stefan Kircher, Laszlo Kozma-Bognar, Lana Kim, Eva Adam, Klaus Harter, , Ferenc Nagy, Light Quality-Dependent Nuclear Import of the Plant Photoreceptors Phytochrome A and B, The Plant Cell, Vol. 11, No. 8 (Aug., 1999), pp. 1445-1456
<scp>H<sub>2</sub></scp> generation from alkaline electrolyzer (2014)

Water electrolysis is a promising approach to hydrogen production from renewable energy sources. Even though it is not necessarily environmentally friendly and a large number of possible feedstocks for hydrogen production include fossil resources such as coal, natural gas, and mineral oil, but also biomass, water, and components such as ethanol, methane, or ammonia can be used for hydrogen production. Also, a large variety of different energy sources can be used for hydrogen production. The combination of hydrogen production with renewable energy systems, such as photovoltaics, hydropower, or wind energy is very suitable though. Many innovative processes have been subject to intense research and some have already reached high efficiencies. Alkaline water electrolyzers with anion‐conducting membranes hold many advantages in comparison to other systems. As cheaper, non‐noble metals are stable in alkaline media, the relatively low cost of the electrode materials is one of the main advantages of alkaline systems over electrolyzers using proton‐conducting electrolytes. Therefore, the main part of published literature on alkaline electrolysis describes electrodes based on low cost materials such as nickel for both anode and cathode. Yet still alkaline water electrolyzers have to compete against other forms of hydrogen production, such as steam reforming of natural gas. Even though many studies expect water electrolysis to become economically viable on a long‐term basis, conventional hydrogen production is still hard to under‐price. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:365–381. doi: 10.1002/wene.150 This article is categorized under: Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Long-term survivorship at a price: late-term, therapy-associated toxicities in the adult Hodgkin lymphoma patient (2011)

There have been an increasing number of survivors of successful treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) over the past 30 years. Although these survivors may be cured of their HL, long-term morbidity and mortality are associated with late toxicities of treatment. Identification of these late complications will lead to strategies to manage them when they occur and hopefully to decrease the risk of their development. Second malignancies followed by cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of late morbidity and mortality. Musculoskeletal difficulties, endocrine abnormalities including sterility and thyroid disease, heart and lung damage, persistent fatigue and psychosocial distress have also been seen. The subjects of this review are the late complications of primary treatment of HL and autologous stem cell transplantation, usually for relapsed disease.
Coupled charge trapping dynamics in thin SiO2 gate oxide under Fowler–Nordheim stress at low electron fluence (1998)

Degradation of thermally grown silicon dioxide (SiO2) in metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors due to bulk trapped positive charges has been theoretically investigated under Fowler–Nordheim (FN) stress at a low electron fluence Qinj (⩽0.01 C/cm2) from the accumulated layer of (100) n-Si. n+-polySi gate capacitors with 22-, 27-, and 33-nm-thick SiO2 dielectrics were studied under FN stress over a wide range of cathode electric fields (6–12.5 MV/cm). The present numerical simulation is based on the tunneling electron initiated trap-to-band ionization and band-to-band ionization as the possible coupled mechanisms for the generation of positive charges and holes, respectively. Our theoretical analysis is carried out with a Gaussian and a uniform distribution of trapped holes in the oxide in addition to the widely used constant value (5 nm from the Si–SiO2 interface) of the centroid of the trapped holes. Utilizing the available experimental data, the estimated values of various trapping parameters obtained from the present coupled dynamics differ by ∼35%–40% from those obtained by the traditional analysis based on either one of the above two mechanisms. The results obtained from the present model are in good agreement with the experimental data of FN voltage shift as a function of electron fluence Qinj reported by Fazan et al. [Solid State Electron. 30, 829 (1987)]. By recourse to estimation of the trapping parameters from the experimental data under constant current stress, a comparative study of degradation under various modes of FN stressing (constant current and constant gate voltage) is also presented. The present simulation predicts the occurrence of plateau level consistent with earlier experimental observations in various measurables (FN voltage shift and FN tunneling current transient, under constant current and field stress, respectively) at a Qinj around 2×10−3 C/cm2 independent of oxide thickness and mode of stressing.
Mobile Robot Based on FPGA (2018)

Currently in China, most dangerous areas work manually or by hand. To this end, we have devised a set of vehicle robots for video image capture, image processing, image display, color detection, alarm and robot gripper. Through the algorithm of FPGA processing, the blue object is detected by the camera 1 to generate the PWM trigger signal to drive the motor to rotate, and the color of the object collected by the camera 1 is displayed in real time on the VGA transparent display 1 with the background of the screen, Alarm The detected objects in different positions in the VGA display 1 drive the trolley robot to perform different movements to move to different areas. Camera 2 as a global monitoring trolley robot, the global monitor video images displayed in real time on the VGA display 2, the staff can monitor 2 video surveillance in the field of view of camera 1 to move any one tiny blue object To control the car robot, the movement to the corresponding area location, you can also control the car robot's claw to carry out some dangerous goods crawling.
[A quiet revolution: the Wallstent urethral prosthesis (Urolume AMS)]. (1993)

14 patients (mean age: 57 years) with posterior urethral stricture were treated by internal urethrotomy and implantation of one or several Wallsten prostheses. The stent had to be removed in 2 patients (15%), while 12 patients (85%) obtained satisfactory urethral patency (mean follow-up: 17.5 months). Complications were observed in 50% of cases. They were able to be treated endoscopically with a satisfactory result in 5 out of 6 cases (intraprosthetic calculi or stenosis of the ends of the stent; 2 patients who became incontinent after insertion of the stent regained normal continence after insertion of an artificial sphincter above the stent. The Wallsten endoprosthesis therefore appears to be a very satisfactory treatment for recurrent complex strictures of the posterior urethra.
Contribution of heavy chain junctional amino acid diversity to antibody affinity among <i>p</i> -azophenylarsonate-specific antibodies (1996)

We showed previously that heavy chain gene junctional amino acid differences among unmutated p-azophenylarsonate (Ars) Abs that share a unique gene segment combination encoding these V regions, termed "canonical," alter affinity. To determine the contribution of junctional amino acid differences to binding, we introduced, by site-directed mutagenesis, various amino acids at position 100 and/or 107 (sequential numbering) into the unmutated Ab 36-65. Among 22 mutant Abs, 15 preserved or showed increased Ars binding (1-to 12.9-fold increase) relative to Ab 36-65, while 7 Abs exhibited lower affinity (< or = 0.5-fold). As much as a 150-fold difference in Ars binding was observed between 2 Abs with different sets of junctions (Asn100/Tyr107 and Val100/Lys107). Thus, amino acid replacements at D gene junctions can produce changes in affinity greater than those for any V region somatic mutation observed thus far in vivo among anti-Ars Abs and, potentially, can result in preferential selection of Abs containing certain junctions during affinity maturation. We combined five different junctional residue pairs with mutations at H chain positions 58 and 59 that are known to be recurrent in vivo and are associated with increased Ars affinity. The mutant Abs all showed increased affinity, indicating that despite variation in D gene junctions of Ars-binding canonical Abs, the combined mutations are additive for enhancement of Ars affinity. These additive effects reflect the "adaptability" of the canonical gene segment combination in sustaining somatic mutations leading to affinity maturation.
A description of the correlated <i>k</i> distribution method for modeling nongray gaseous absorption, thermal emission, and multiple scattering in vertically inhomogeneous atmospheres (1991)

We describe a radiative transfer method for treating nongray gaseous absorption and thermal emission in vertically inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres. We derive probability density distributions of absorption coefficient strength from line‐by‐line calculations to construct line‐by‐line and band model based k distributions. The monotonic ordering of absorption coefficient strengths in these k distributions implicitly preserves the monochromatic structure of the atmosphere at different pressure levels, thus simulating monochromatic spectral integration at a fraction of the line‐by‐line computing cost. The k distribution approach also permits accurate modeling of overlapping absorption by different atmospheric gases and accurate treatment of nongray absorption in multiple scattering media. To help verify the accuracy of the correlated k distribution method, we compare radiative cooling rates by atmospheric water vapor, CO 2 , and ozone against line‐by‐line calculations. The results show the correlated k distribution method is capable of achieving numerical accuracy to within 1% of cooling rates obtained with line‐by‐line calculations throughout the troposphere and most of the stratosphere.
Core Needle Biopsy of Breast Cancer Tumors Increases Distant Metastases in a Mouse Model (2014)

CNB creates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, increases EMT, and facilitates release of CTCs, all of which likely contribute to the observed increase in development of distant metastases.
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cognitive and Emotional Functioning in Young Adults – A Randomised Controlled Trial (2011)

Our findings indicate that vitamin D supplementation does not influence cognitive or emotional functioning in healthy young adults. Future controlled trials in targeted populations of interest are required to determine whether supplementation can improve functioning in these domains. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; ACTRN12610000318088.
Constellation Queries over Big Data (2018)

A geometrical pattern is a set of points with all pairwise distances (or, more generally, relative distances) specified. Finding matches to such patterns has applications to spatial data in seismic, astronomical, and transportation contexts. Finding geometric patterns is a challenging problem as the potential number of sets of elements that compose shapes is exponentially large in the size of the dataset and the pattern. In this paper, we propose algorithms to find patterns in large data applications. Our methods combine quadtrees, matrix multiplication, and bucket join processing to discover sets of points that match a geometric pattern within some additive factor on the pairwise distances. Our distributed experiments show that the choice of composition algorithm (matrix multiplication or nested loops) depends on the freedom introduced in the query geometry through the distance additive factor. Three clearly identified blocks of threshold values guide the choice of the best composition algorithm.
Interfacing Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (1979)

Journal Article Interfacing Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Get access William H. McFadden William H. McFadden Finnigan Corporation, 845 W. Maude Ave., Sunnyvale, California 94086 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 17, Issue 1, January 1979, Pages 2–16, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/17.1.2 Published: 01 January 1979
Placement of silicone sheeting at decompressive craniectomy to prevent adhesions at cranioplasty (2010)

Adhesion formation between dura mater and cortex, and the overlying temporalis muscle and galea following decompressive craniectomy, can make subsequent cranioplasty difficult and adds to the risks of the procedure. We describe the implantation of sterile silicone sheeting at decompressive craniectomy to prevent adhesion formation and facilitate subsequent cranioplasty, potentially reducing surgical time, improving outcome and reducing risk.
An agent-based learning towards decentralized and coordinated traffic signal control (2010)

Adaptive traffic signal control is a promising technique for alleviating traffic congestion. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has the potential to tackle the optimal traffic control problem for a single agent. However, the ultimate goal is to develop integrated traffic control for multiple intersections. Integrated traffic control can be efficiently achieved using decentralized controllers. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is an extension of RL techniques that makes it possible to decentralize multiple agents in a non-stationary environments. Most of the studies in the field of traffic signal control consider a stationary environment, an approach whose shortcomings are highlighted in this paper. A Q-Learning-based acyclic signal control system that uses a variable phasing sequence is developed. To investigate the appropriate state model for different traffic conditions, three models were developed, each with different state representation. The models were tested on a typical multiphase intersection to minimize the vehicle delay and were compared to the pre-timed control strategy as a benchmark. The Q-Learning control system consistently outperformed the widely used Webster pre-timed optimized signal control strategy under various traffic conditions.
Morphology and electrical properties of short carbon fiber-filled polymer blends: High-density polyethylene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (1998)

Morphology and electrical properties of short carbon fiber-filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) polymer blends have been studied. The percolation threshold of HDPE50/PMMA50 blends filled with vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF), 1.25 phr VGCF content, is much lower than those of the individual polymers. The SEM micrographs verified that the enhancement of conductivity could be attributed to the selective location of VGCF in the HDPE phase. A double percolation is the basic requirement for the conductivity of the composites, i.e., the percolation of carbon fibers in the HDPE phase and the continuity of this phase in the blends, which hereby are defined as the first percolation and the second percolation, respectively. The SEM micrographs also showed that the short carbon fibers could affect the morphology of the blends. With the increase of VGCF content, the HDPE domains are elongated from spherical into strip shape, finally develop to a continuous structure. As a result, the second percolation threshold of the blends filled with 2.5 phr VGCF, 20 wt % HDPE, is lower than that of the blends filled with 1.5 phr VGCF, 30 wt % HDPE. The influence of molding temperature and time on the second percolation threshold has also been investigated. For the composites molded at a lower temperature, the second percolation threshold is shifted to a higher VGCF content, but there is little influence of molding time on the second percolation threshold. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1813–1819, 1998
<i>Softworms</i>: the design and control of non-pneumatic, 3D-printed, deformable robots (2016)

Robots that can easily interact with humans and move through natural environments are becoming increasingly essential as assistive devices in the home, office and hospital. These machines need to be safe, effective, and easy to control. One strategy towards accomplishing these goals is to build the robots using soft and flexible materials to make them much more approachable and less likely to damage their environment. A major challenge is that comparatively little is known about how best to design, fabricate and control deformable machines. Here we describe the design, fabrication and control of a novel soft robotic platform (Softworms) as a modular device for research, education and public outreach. These robots are inspired by recent neuromechanical studies of crawling and climbing by larval moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera, caterpillars). Unlike most soft robots currently under development, the Softworms do not rely on pneumatic or fluidic actuators but are electrically powered and actuated using either shape-memory alloy microcoils or motor tendons, and they can be modified to accept other muscle-like actuators such as electroactive polymers. The technology is extremely versatile, and different designs can be quickly and cheaply fabricated by casting elastomeric polymers or by direct 3D printing. Softworms can crawl, inch or roll, and they are steerable and even climb steep inclines. Softworms can be made in any shape but here we describe modular and monolithic designs requiring little assembly. These modules can be combined to make multi-limbed devices. We also describe two approaches for controlling such highly deformable structures using either model-free state transition-reward matrices or distributed, mechanically coupled oscillators. In addition to their value as a research platform, these robots can be developed for use in environmental, medical and space applications where cheap, lightweight and shape-changing deformable robots will provide new performance capabilities.
Contrast studies in high-performance projection optics (1983)

Image contrast is a simple physical parameter for estimating performance Of optical systems using positive photoresist. Measurements of image contrast are reported on a variety of single and multi-wavelength projection aligners, and compared with theoretical predictions. On the best systems the dark field contrast approaches the theoretical (diffraction limited) contrast within an equivalent defocus error of about one-half Rayleigh unit. In general the contrast is lower, owing to a number of nonidealities. The effects of focus error, astigmatism, chromatic aberration, off-axis aberrations, and flare from clear-field areas are observed in the contrast measurements. On some systems, the contrast can be significantly increased by a modification of the source filtering.
Propagation dependence of chirp in Gaussian pulses and beams due to angular dispersion (2009)

The chirp acquired by a Gaussian ultrashort pulse due to angular dispersion, unlike that of plane waves, increases nonlinearly with propagation distance and eventually asymptotes to a constant. However, this interesting result has never been directly measured. In this Letter, we use two-dimensional spectral interferometry to measure the propagation dependence of the chirp for Gaussian ultrashort pulses and beams with angular dispersion. The measured chirp as a function of propagation distance agreed well with theory. This work verifies both an equation and a measurement technique that will be useful for predicting or determining the pulse's chirp in ultrafast optics experiments that contain angular dispersion.
A speech processor with lateral inhibition for an eight channel cochlea implant and its evaluation by subject testing (2005)

To design an optimal signal processor for an eight channel cochlea implant, stimulus current distributions were obtained inside and outside the cochlea removed from a human cadaver. A speech processor including the function of lateral inhibition was proposed to compensate for the wide current spread. The role of the function was evaluated based on the subject testing with respects to the discrimination of synthetic vowels and the loudness estimation of complex tones. From the experimental results, lateral inhibition was proved to be effective to avoide excess current, however, the role of inhibition was not so clear in the discrimination of vowels except /i/ and /e/ in which there were two seperate peaks corresponding to F1 and F2.
Negative correlation learning for classification ensembles (2010)

This paper proposes a new negative correlation learning (NCL) algorithm, called AdaBoost.NC, which uses an ambiguity term derived theoretically for classification ensembles to introduce diversity explicitly. All existing NCL algorithms, such as CELS and NCCD, and their theoretical backgrounds were studied in the regression context. We focus on classification problems in this paper. First, we study the ambiguity decomposition with the 0-1 error function, which is different from the one proposed by Krogh et al.. It is applicable to both binary-class and multi-class problems. Then, to overcome the identified drawbacks of the existing algorithms, AdaBoost.NC is proposed by exploiting the ambiguity term in the decomposition to improve diversity. Comprehensive experiments are performed on a collection of benchmark data sets. The results show AdaBoost.NC is a promising algorithm to solve classification problems, which gives better performance than the standard AdaBoost and NCCD, and consumes much less computation time than CELS.