gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholinergic differentiation of presumptive adrenergic neuroblasts in interspecific chimeras after heterotopic transplantations. (1975)

The levels of the neural axis from which parasympathetic and orthosympathetic neurons and adrenomedullary cells are derived under normal developmental conditions were determined in avian embryos by a biological labeling technique. The technique is based on nuclear differences between two species of birds, the chick and the quail. In quail interphase nuclei a part of the chromatin is condensed in large heterochromatic masses associated with nucleolus, while in the chick, DNA is evenly dispersed in the nucleoplasm. These characteristics provide a stable nuclear marker that can be used to study cell migrations and differentiation in chimeric embryos resulting from the association of quail and chick tissues. Isotopic and heterotopic transplantations of quail neural primordium into chick before the outset of neural crest cell migration show that the autonomic ortho- and parasympathetic neuroblasts are not determined to differentiate into cholinergic or adrenergic neurons when they begin to migrate. The neurotransmitter synthesized by crest autonomic neuroblasts depends on the microenvironment in which crest cells become localized at the term of their migration. The splanchnic mesoderm induces presumptive adrenergic cells to become fully differentiated cholinergic neurons.
A CCD Camera Lens Degradation Caused by High Dose-Rate Gamma Irradiation (2009)

Assumed that an IPTV camera system is to be used as an ad-hoc sensor for the surveillance and diagnostics of safety-critical equipments installed in the in-containment building of the nuclear power plant, an major problem is the presence of high dose-rate gamma irradiation fields inside the one. In order to uses an IPTV camera in such intense gamma radiation environment of the in-containment building, the radiation-weakened devices including a CCD imaging sensor, FPGA, ASIC and microprocessors are to be properly shielded from high dose-rate gamma radiation using the high-density material, lead or tungsten. But the passive elements such as mirror, lens and window, which are placed in the optical path of the CCD imaging sensor, are exposed to a high dose-rate gamma ray source directly. So, the gamma-ray irradiation characteristics of the passive elements, is needed to test. A CCD camera lens, made of glass material, have been gamma irradiated at the dose rate of 4.2 kGy/h during an hour up to a total dose of 4 kGy. The radiation induced color-center in the glass lens is observed. The degradation performance of the gamma irradiated lens is explained using an color component analysis.
Electrical leakage at low-K polyimide/TEOS interface (1998)

The effect of low-K polymer passivation on electrical leakage was investigated to evaluate the reliability of polymer integration on device wafers. Polyimide passivation over Al(0.5% Cu) interconnects inlaid in TEOS increases the intralevel leakage current mainly along the polyimide/TEOS interface. Moisture absorbed in the polyimide further increases the inter facial as well as bulk leakages. These findings emphasize the importance of separating interconnects from direct contact with polyimide/TEOS interfaces to alleviate electrical isolation problems in multilevel interconnect architecture that employs low-K polymer dielectrics.
Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in mice. III. Dynamic balance between delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody response. (1977)

Delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice to bovine serum albumin (BSA) which would be induced by a s.c. injection of BSA in Freund's complete adjuvant was interrupted by an i.v. injection of alum-precipitated BSA plus bacterial endotoxin (AP-BSA plus ET). In contrast, s.c. injection of BSA restrained the antibody response in the spleen of the mice receiving AP-BSA plus ET. Subcutaneous injection of either the adjuvant alone or an unrelated antigen in the adjuvant did not affect the anti-BSA antibody response in the spleen. The antibody response to other antigens in the spleen was not affected by the s.c. injection of BSA. The reduction of the antibody response in the spleen does not seem to be attributable to suppressor cells, since the suppressor cell activity against the antibody response of normal mice and that of irradiated recipients of primed spleen cells was not observed in the spleen cells of mice given s.c. immunization. The results indicated that the reduced antibody response in the spleen may be caused by the migration of some part of the antigen reactive cells or their precursors from the spleen to the s.c. region.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of High‐Temperature Creep in Silicon Carbide: III, Sintered α‐Silicon Carbide (1988)

The operative and controlling mechanisms of steady‐state creep in sintered α‐SiC have been determined both from kinetic data within the ranges of temperature and constant compressive stress of 1670 to 2073 K and 138 to 414 MPa, respectively, and from the results of extensive TEM and other analytical analyses. Dislocations in glide bands, B 4 C precipitates, and the interaction of these two entities were the dominant microstructural features of the crept material. The stress exponent increased from 1.44 to 1.71 with temperature; it was not a function of stress at a given temperature. The curves of In ɛ vs 1/ T showed a change in slope at 1920 ± 20 K. The respective activation energies below and above this temperature interval were 338 to 434 and 802 to 914 kJ/mol. A synthesis of all this information leads to the conclusion that the controlling creep mechanism at low temperatures is grain‐boundary sliding accommodated by grain‐boundary self‐diffusion; at high temperatures, the controlling mechanism becomes grain‐boundary sliding accommodated by lattice diffusion. The parallel mechanism of dislocation glide contributes increasingly to the total strain as the number/volume of precipitates declines as a result of progressive coalescence with increasing temperature.
The constitutive production of colony stimulating factor 1 by invasive human breast cancer cells. (2001)

Colony Stimulating Factor 1 (CSF-1) and its receptor, the c-fms proto-oncogene product, are expressed in normal and malignant tissues. The many actions of CSF-1 include induction of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), a serine protease involved in extracellular matrix degradation. To explore the role of CSF-1 in breast cancer progression, we evaluated the expression of CSF-1, c fms, and uPA in human breast cancer cell lines well-characterized for differing degrees of invasive, metastatic capability. The more invasive cell lines expressed elevated levels of CSF-1 by Northern analysis and ELISA. Increased uPA expression was noted in these same cell lines. CSF-1 receptor mRNA transcripts and protein were demonstrable in the different cell lines. These data suggest a role for CSF-1 in the autocrine and paracrine regulation of tumor progression in breast cancer.
Transcriptional regulation of lymphocyte lineage commitment (1999)

The development of T cells and B cells from pluripotent hematopoietic precursors occurs through a stepwise narrowing of developmental potential that ends in lineage commitment. During this process, lineage-specific genes are activated asynchronously, and lineage-inappropriate genes, although initially expressed, are asynchronously turned off. These complex gene expression events are the outcome of the changes in expression of multiple transcription factors with partially overlapping roles in early lymphocyte and myeloid cell development. Key transcription factors promoting B-cell development and candidates for this role in T-cell development are discussed in terms of their possible modes of action in fate determination. We discuss how a robust, stable, cell-type-specific gene expression pattern may be established in part by the interplay between endogenous transcription factors and signals transduced by cytokine receptors, and in part by the network of effects of particular transcription factors on each other.
Analysis and design of message authentication codes (1998)

Analysis and Design of Message Authentication Codes Shahram Bakhtiari Haft Lang School of Information Technology and Computer Science University of Wollongong Message Authentication Codes (MACs) play an important role in today's information communication. Messages which are sent over an insecure channel need to be authenticated to prevent attacks such as message forgery by an intruder who can tamper with the channel. To provide message authenticity, assuming that the transmitter and the receiver share a secret key, a M A C can be used. In a M A C system, the transmitter generates a tag which is a function of the message and the secret key, and appends it to the message before sending it over the channel. The receiver can verify the authenticity of a received message, on the other end of the channel, by recomputing the tag and comparing it with the appended one. In analysis and design of M A C s two different approaches, known as unconditional security and computational security, can be used. The aim of this thesis is to study the existing M A C systems and propose new constructions which are more efficient and meanwhile maintain the required security. W e justify the security of our proposed constructions using computational security and unconditional security approaches. W e also propose a new definition for keyed hash functions and relate them to MACs. Finally, we cryptanalyze two proposed collisionful hash functions.
Evolution of Cloud Storage as Cloud Computing Infrastructure Service (2012)

Enterprises are driving towards less cost, more availability, agility, managed risk -all of which is accelerated towards Cloud Computing. Cloud is not a particular product, but a way of delivering IT services that are consumable on demand, elastic to scale up and down as needed, and follow a pay-for-usage model. Out of the three common types of cloud computing service models, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a service model that provides servers, computing power, network bandwidth and Storage capacity, as a service to their subscribers. Cloud can relate to many things but without the fundamental storage pieces, which is provided as a service namely Cloud Storage, none of the other applications is possible. This paper introduces Cloud Storage, which covers the key technologies in cloud computing and Cloud Storage, management insights about cloud computing, different types of cloud services, driving forces of cloud computing and cloud storage, advantages and challenges of cloud storage and concludes by pinpointing few challenges to be addressed by the cloud storage providers.
Partial amino acid sequence of a human seminal plasma peptide with inhibin‐like activity (1984)

An extract of human seminal plasma was found to have inhibin-like activity. The activity. The active factor was purified to homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieving and high performance liquid chromatography. The purified material has a mass of approximately 5 kDa and is very basic. Amino acid analysis showed the presence of approximately 35 residues while the sequencing data allowed the determination of the N-terminal 31 amino acids. There is a possibility of an additional 2-4 residues at the C-terminus, which could not be determined.
On the Prevalence of Room-Temperature Protein Phosphorescence (1987)

A large number of proteins were tested for the property of intrinsic phosphorescence in deoxygenated aqueous solution at room temperature. The majority of proteins exhibit phosphorescence under normal solution conditions. Phosphorescence lifetimes from 0.5 millisecond to 2 seconds were observed in three-fourths of the proteins tested. The lifetime appears to correlate with relative isolation of the tryptophan indole side chain from solvent. With few exceptions, proteins in general can be expected to display a phosphorescence lifetime greater than 30 microseconds. This widespread characteristic of proteins has been largely overlooked because long-lived phosphorescence is highly sensitive to quenching by low levels of dissolved oxygen in solution. Protein phosphorescence offers a new time domain and a far wider dynamic range than has been used before for photoluminescence experimentation.
Trends in low power digital signal processing (2002)

System level optimization will be required for the implementation of ultra low power portable devices. Often, system properties such as data distribution or network configuration can be exploited to minimize computational switching. Embedded power supply systems configured in performance feedback also minimize energy dissipation under varying temperature, process parameters and computational workload. If the power dissipation of digital processors can be scaled to low enough levels, self-powered techniques can be used to achieve "infinite" lifetime and low-maintenance wireless operation.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Preferentially Targets Human Colon Carcinoma: Role of Extracellular Matrix (2007)

Viral therapy of cancer (viral oncolysis) is dependent on selective destruction of the tumor tissue compared with healthy tissues. Several factors, including receptor expression, extracellular components, and intracellular mechanisms, may influence viral oncolysis. In the present work, we studied the potential oncolytic activity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), using an organ culture system derived from colon carcinoma and healthy colon tissues of mouse and human origin. HSV-1 infected normal colons ex vivo at a very low efficiency, in contrast to high-efficiency infection of colon carcinoma tissue. In contrast, adenoviral and lentiviral vectors infected both tissues equally well. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the preferential affinity of HSV-1 for the carcinoma tissue, intracellular and extracellular factors were investigated. Two extracellular components, collagen and mucin molecules, were found to restrict HSV-1 infectivity in the healthy colon. The mucin layer of the healthy colon binds to HSV-1 and thereby blocks viral interaction with the epithelial cells of the tissue. In contrast, colon carcinomas express small amounts of collagen and mucin molecules and are thus permissive to HSV-1 infection. In agreement with the ex vivo system, HSV-1 injected into a mouse colon carcinoma in vivo significantly reduced the volume of the tumor. In conclusion, we describe a novel mechanism of viral selectivity for malignant tissues that is based on variance of the extracellular matrix between tumor and healthy tissues. These insights may facilitate new approaches to the application of HSV-1 as an oncolytic virus.
Design and Construction of Light Weight Portable Nmr Halbach Magnet (2014)

Abstract A light weight, simple design NMR apparatus consists of 24 identical magnets arranged in Halbach array was designed and built. The homogeneity of the magnetic field B0 can be improved by dividing a long magnets into several rings. The size of the useful volume depends on both the gap between each ring and some others shim magnets. Our aim is to enhance the sensitive volume and to maintain the highest magnetic static field (B0). This apparatus generates a B0 field strength of about 0.1 T. This work focuses on the magneto-static simulation of NdFeB magnets arrangement and on the comparison with the measurement of the magnetic field strength and homogeneity in three dimensions (3D). The homogeneity of the magnetic field B0 is optimized with the help of CAD and mathematical software. Our results were also validated with a Finite Element Method (FEM). The simulation results of the strength and of the homogeneity of B0 field were compared to those obtained with a digital gaussmeter. The homogeneity in the magnet longitudinal axis and the field B0 strength are similar. However, the homogeneity in transverse plane differs from simulation and measurement because of the quality of the magnets. In order to improve the homogeneity, we propose a new shim method.
Investigation of the therapeutic equivalence of different galenical preparations of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides following multiple dose peroral administration. (1996)

Oxerutins (O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides, HR, Venoruton) are available in different releasing galenical formulations for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). In order to investigate the biopharmaceutical relevance of the releasing properties of the galenical forms the therapeutic efficacy between the commercially available forms was investigated (500 mg sustained release film tablets, 300 mg sustained release film tablets, 300 mg normally releasing capsules) in comparison to an aqueous solution and placebo. In total 100 female patients with CVI grade II participated. The study was carried out following a randomized, placebo controlled design with parallel treatment groups. Following a two-week run-in phase patients were treated for 12 weeks with different posologies of HR (2 x 1/d 500 mg, 3 x 1/d 300 mg, 1 x 1000 mg/d as aqueous solution). Main criterion was the reduction of leg volume following 12 weeks treatment. Subjective criteria were descriptively evaluated. All four HR treatments were significantly superior to placebo (p < 0.0008). The different posologies had no influence on the efficacy. The therapeutic efficacy is independent of the in vitro rate of release. The available forms are regarded as bioequivalent.
Enhancement of Fiber Frequency Utilization by Employing Grouped Optical Path Routing (2014)

Optical path grouped routing not only simplifies the node’s architecture, but also mitigates the signal degradation due to optical filtering at each node. It can improve frequency utilization of fibers or mitigate WSS requirements.
STUDIES ON THE SYNTHETIC FIBRE OF THE POLYESTER AMIDE (1958)

Thermosetting polyester amides were examined under the inert gas or vacuum state at 100_??_220 °C, for condensation polymerization abilities of ammonium salts formed by the reaction of amino alcohol (such as ethanol amine) with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, e.g. oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, γ-keto pimelic, suberic, azelaic, sebacic, nona methylene dicarboxylic, deca methylene dicarboxylic and mixed acids (such as mixture of undeca methylene dicarboxylic and dodeca methylene dicarboxylic acid).Formation of these salts from dicarboxylic acids having an odd number of methylene groups were difficult owing to hygroscopic properties, and the resulted salts gave low melting point polymers compared with even number's dicarboxylic acids.Polyester amides prepared from dicarboxylic acid of a chain length less than 5 (such as pimelic and γ-keto pimelic acids) gave unsuitable polymer; on the other hand, in the case of chain length ware than 6 (such as suberic acid), it gave a suitable polymer possessing fiber forming properties except azelaic acid. Especially, in the case of long chain dicarboxylic acids (such as 8 and 10) it possessed excellent fiber forming and cold drawing properties.A further description on the visual observations, polymer melting temperature and solubilities is given.
Implementation of a MCM brokerage service (2002)

An innovative approach to providing access to low cost commercial multichip module (MCM) prototype fabrication through the use of a brokerage service is discussed. This service will be patterned after the existing IC prototyping service MOSIS. Benefits include cost sharing between the users of the service as well as simplified interfaces to MCM fabricators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement executive summary (2010)

Although physical activity (PA) is a key element in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes, many with this chronic disease do not become or remain regularly active. High-quality studies establishing the importance of exercise and fitness in diabetes were lacking until recently, but it is now well established that participation in regular PA improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes, along with positively impacting lipids, blood pressure, cardiovascular events, mortality, and quality of life. Structured interventions combining PA and modest weight loss have been shown to lower risk of type 2 diabetes by up to 58 % in high-risk populations. Most benefits of PA on diabetes management are realized through acute and chronic improvements in insulin action, accomplished with both aerobic and resistance training. The benefits of physical training are discussed, along with recommendations for varying activities, PA-associated
Angular dependence of the luminance and contrast in medical monochrome liquid crystal displays (2003)

Active-matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs) are light-modulating devices that generate images by differentially transmitting a nearly uniform luminous field provided by a backlight. While emissive displays exhibit a quasi-Lambertian emission with almost constant contrast at off-normal viewing, the anisotropy of the electro-optic effect that controls light transmission in AMLCDs causes a pixel luminance that varies, sometimes strongly, with viewing angle. These variations are not identical for all gray levels and can eventually cause grayscale inversions. In this paper, we measured the luminance emission of a monochrome medical AMLCD, a medical cathode-ray tube monitor, and a color desktop AMLCD, using a collimated photopic probe positioned on a manual rotation arm, and a research radiometer with automatic readout. The probe measures luminance with a small acceptance angle and provides optical shielding from emissions at other viewing directions that contaminate the readings. We obtained luminance response curves versus angle in the vertical, horizontal and at 45 degrees diagonal directions. The display systems were calibrated to reflect the DICOM Part 3.14 standard grayscale display function (GDF) when measured using the manufacturer's probe and software tools. We analyzed the measurements at different viewing directions with respect to their departure from the GDF by computing the normalized contrast (deltaL/L) as a function of the DICOM just-noticeable difference index. Although cathode-ray tubes are known to be quasi-Lambertian emitters, the luminance at normal viewing is higher than the luminance observed at large angles. This decrease in luminance is however proportionally similar for all gray levels, resulting in a relatively flat contrast response for all angles. In addition to being more pronounced, the angular variation in AMLCDs does not follow the same profile at different intensities with the subsequent variation in the achieved display contrast. The changes due to off-normal viewing are substantial at large angles in the horizontal and vertical directions, and much worse in the diagonal viewing directions.
Determination of the number of active saprophytic aquatic bacteria by semi-continuous culture on membrane filters. (1977)

The number of bacteria in the hypolimnion waters of Lake Mikpłajski was examined by direct count on membrane filters, by the agar plate method and by semi-continuous culture on membrane filters, as previously proposed by the author. The agar plate method recovered only 20--25% of the bacteria found by direct method. On the other hand, semi-continuous culture on membrane filters allowed the recovery of about 90% of the total count. At the same time it differentiated between active, microcolony forming cells (about 70%) and inactive single cells (about 20% of the total count).