gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 (Cdk5): A Potential Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus (2007)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, which forms active complexes with p35 or p39 expressed predominantly in neurons. Cdk5 is indispensable for the development of the central nervous system through regulation of neuronal migration. In mature neurons, Cdk5 has been implicated in various signaling transduction pathways, which contribute to functional neuronal activity. It has been widely accepted that aberrant Cdk5 activity induced by the conversion of p35 to p25 plays roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Cdk5 also contributes to adaptive changes in the brain related to drug addiction. Moreover, recent studies suggest that Cdk5 plays crucial roles in physiological functions in non-neuronal cells such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic -cells. The present evidence indicates that Cdk5 might be a potential drug target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, drug abuse and diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on the implication of Cdk5 in the signaling pathways of both neurodegenerative diseases and drug abuse, and the mechanism of Cdk5 involvement in insulin secretion. This review also discusses the possibility of using Cdk5 inhibitors as therapeutic drugs.
Ligand-binding and heterodimerization activities of a conserved region in the ligand-binding domain of the thyroid hormone receptor. (1991)

The ligand-binding domain of the thyroid hormone (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine) receptor (TR) contains poorly characterized subdomains involved with ligand binding, transactivation, and protein-protein interactions. The region between residues 288-331 of rat TR alpha-1 was analyzed by modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. Our results suggest that part of this sequence adopts an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation. The integrity of the putative helix is important for 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine binding but not necessarily for heterodimerization with nuclear factor(s). Mutants defective for both activities were found clustered in a region overlapping the C-terminal portion of the helix and further downstream. The sequence conservation of this particular region among the entire superfamily suggests a similar role in dimerization in other receptors.
The accuracy of a designed software for automated localization of craniofacial landmarks on CBCT images (2014)

The accuracy of our approach for automated localization of craniofacial landmarks, which was based on combining feature-based and voxel similarity-based methods for image registration, was acceptable. Nevertheless we recommend repetition of this study using other techniques, such as intensity-based methods.
Teaching circles: a way forward for part-time teachers in higher education? (2001)

Part-time teachers represent a growing challenge to universities' quality assurance and developmental processes. This paper describes an attempt to meet this challenge through the adoption of 'teaching circles' (TCs) in four contrasting case-study schools. Analysis of outcomes enables identification of the variables affecting the apparent success of TCs as a strategy, some of which are associated with the particularities of context. Underlying these particularities, however, the general question of how participants come to feel 'ownership' of change initiatives emerges as a central issue. Three inter-related processes are shown to be involved: leadership, attribution of causation and social integration. The paper concludes that this analysis has implications beyond the TC project and provides both key practical pointers and, potentially, a useful analytical tool for researchers studying programmes of organizational change.
Development of managerial decision-making support technology model for supporting knowledge intensive consulting process (2013)

Recently companies are confronted with a much more sophisticated business environment than before and at the same time have to be able to adapt to rapid changes. Accordingly, the need for selecting among alternatives and managing systematic decision-making has been steadily increasing to respond to a more diverse customer needs and keep up with the fierce competition. In this study, we propose a framework that consist of problem solving procedures and techniques and knowledge structure built on processes to support strategic decision making. and discuss how to utilize simulation tools as the knowledge-based problem solving tools. In addition we discuss how to build and advance the knowledge structure to implement the proposed architecture. Management decision support systems architecture consist of three key factors. The first is Problem Solving Approach which is used as reference. The second is knowledge structure on business processes that includes standard and reference business processes. The third is simulators that are able to generate and analyze alternatives using problem solving techniques and knowledge base. In sum, the proposed framework of decision-making support systems facilitates knowledge-intensive consulting processes to promote the development and application of consulting knowledge and techniques and increase the efficiency of consulting firms and industry.
Hyaluronan oligosaccharides are potential stimulators to angiogenesis via RHAMM mediated signal pathway in wound healing (2008)

Hyaluronan oligosaccharides may play a role in wound healing by increasing angiogenesis. o-HA-RHAMM binding dependent signal transduction pathway may be important in the regulation of angiogenesis associated with EC proliferation.
Experimental investigation of heat transport in inhomogeneous bubbly flow (2018)

In this work we study the heat transport in inhomogeneous bubbly flow. The experiments were performed in a rectangular bubble column heated from one side wall and cooled from the other, with millimetric bubbles introduced through one half of the injection section (close to the hot wall or close to the cold wall). We characterise the global heat transport while varying two parameters: the gas volume fraction α=0.4–5.1%, and the Rayleigh number Ra<sub>H</sub>=4×10<sup>9</sup>-2.2×10<sup>10</sup>. As captured by imaging and characterised using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA), different flow regimes occur with increasing gas flow rates. In the generated inhomogeneous bubbly flow there are three main contributions to the mixing: (i) transport by the buoyancy driven recirculation, (ii) bubble induced turbulence (BIT) and (iii) shear-induced turbulence (SIT). The strength of these contributions and their interplay depends on the gas volume fraction which is reflected in the measured heat transport enhancement. We compare our results with the findings for heat transport in homogeneous bubbly flow from Gvozdić et al. (2018). We find that for the lower gas volume fractions (α<4%), inhomogeneous bubbly injection results in better heat transport due to induced large-scale circulation. In contrast, for α>4%, when the contribution of SIT becomes stronger, but so does the competition between all three contributions, the homogeneous injection is more efficient.
Die immunologischen Grundlagen der Rheumatoiden Arthritis (1974)

Trotz einer außerordentlich intensiven Forschung ist es bisher nicht gelungen, die Ätiologie und Pathogenese der rheumatoiden Arthritis im einzelnen befriedigend aufzuklären. In den letzten zwei Dekaden wurden jedoch eine Anzahl interessanter, vorwiegend immunologischer Befunde erhoben, die uns einen gewissen Einblick in das Krankheitsgeschehen vermitteln und auf die Bedeutung insbesondere immunologischer Mechanismen bei der Entwicklung der Erkrankung hinweisen.
High‐resolution MRI of the carotid arteries using a leaky waveguide transmitter and a high‐density receive array at 7 T (2012)

A setup for 7T MRI of the carotid arteries in the neck was designed and constructed. Separate dedicated arrays were used for transmit and receive. For the transmit array, single-side adapted dipole antennas were mounted on a dielectric pillow, which was shown to serve as a leaky waveguide, efficiently distributing B1 into the neck. Risk assessment was performed by simulations. Phantom measurements were performed to establish optimal positions of the antennas on the pillow. Using two antennas, a dual transmit setup was created. In vivo B1 (+) maps with different shim configurations were acquired to assess transmit performance. This effective transmit array was used in combination with a dedicated 30 channel small element receive coil. High-resolution in vivo turbo spin echo images were acquired to demonstrate the excellent performance of the setup.
CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF<i>ASPHODELUS MICROCARPUS</i><sup>1</sup> (1972)

β–sitosterol–β–D–glucoside and two other unidentified components were isolated from the tubers of Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm. et Vi vi. Pharmacological screening of the three components was carried out revealing spasmogenic effects.
Convergent evolution of TEM-26, a β-lactamase with extended-spectrum activity (1994)

TEM-26, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase has been characterized in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli derived from patients on the Paediatric Oncology Unit of St James's University Hospital, Leeds. The nucleotide sequence of this beta-lactamase gene (blaTEM26b) was determined, and compared with the nucleotide sequences of other TEM-type beta-lactamases. The blaTEM26b gene was found to differ from blaTEM12b by a single nucleotide. This difference causes the substitution of glutamic acid in blaTEM12b for lysine in blaTEM26b at position 102 in the predicted amino acid sequence. The blaTEM12b gene was first described in an isolate of Klebsiella oxytoca from a patient nursed on the same unit that yielded the strains that carry blaTEM26b. However, the blaTEM26b gene differs at no less than six nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence encoding the TEM-26 beta-lactamase that was first described in isolates from cancer patients nursed in the Children's Hospital, Stanford, California, USA. This indicates that the genes encoding TEM-26 have evolved from different progenitors.
Intelligent travel chatbot for predictive recommendation in echo platform (2018)

Chatbot is a computer application that interacts with users using natural language in a similar way to imitate a human travel agent. A successful implementation of a chatbot system can analyze user preferences and predict collective intelligence. In most cases, it can provide better user-centric recommendations. Hence, the chatbot is becoming an integral part of the future consumer services. This paper is an implementation of an intelligent chatbot system in travel domain on Echo platform which would gather user preferences and model collective user knowledge base and recommend using the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) with Collaborative Filtering. With this chatbot based on DNN, we can improve human to machine interaction in the travel domain.
Fluorophore−Quencher Based Activatable Targeted Optical Probes for Detecting <i>in Vivo</i> Cancer Metastases (2009)

In vivo molecularly targeted fluorescence imaging of tumors has been proposed as a strategy for improving cancer detection and management. Activatable fluorophores, which increased their fluorescence by 10-fold after binding tumor cells, result in much higher target to background ratios than conventional fluorophores. We developed an in vivo targeted activatable optical imaging probe based on a fluorophore-quencher pair, bound to a targeting moiety. With this system, fluorescence is quenched by the fluorophore-quencher interaction outside cancer cells, but is activated within the target cells by dissociation of the fluorophore-quencher pair. We selected the TAMRA (fluorophore)-QSY7 (quencher) pair and conjugated it to either avidin (targeting the D-galactose receptor) or trastuzumab (a monoclonal antibody against the human epithelial growth factor receptor type2 (HER2/neu)) and evaluated their performance in mouse models of cancer. Two probes, TAMRA-QSY7 conjugated avidin (Av-TM-Q7) and trastuzumab (Traz-TM-Q7) were synthesized. Both demonstrated better than similar self-quenching probes. In vitro fluorescence microscopic studies of SHIN3 and NIH/3T3/HER2+ cells demonstrated that Av-TM-Q7 and Traz-TM-Q7 produced high intracellular fluorescent signal. In vivo imaging with Av-TM-Q7 and Traz-TM-Q7 in mice enabled the detection of small tumors. This molecular imaging probe, based on a fluorophore-quencher pair conjugated to a targeting ligand, successfully detected tumors in vivo due to its high activation ratio and low background signal. Thus, these activatable probes, based on the fluorophore-quencher system, hold promise clinically for "see and treat" strategies of cancer management.
Nucleic Acid Assay System for Tier II Laboratories and Moderately Complex Clinics to Detect HIV in Low‐Resource Settings (2010)

There is a clear need for an instrument-free molecular diagnostic system for detecting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA or DNA that can be used in developing countries. Such a test could be used for early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection during infancy and could serve as a surrogate end point for vaccine trials. We developed the IsoAmp HIV-1 assay (BioHelix Corporation), which targets the HIV-1 gag gene with use of isothermal reverse-transcription helicase-dependent amplification chemistry. The IsoAmp HIV assay uses a disposable amplicon containment device with an embedded vertical-flow DNA detection strip to detect the presence of HIV-1 amplicons. The vertical-flow DNA detection strip has a control line to validate the performance of the device and a test line to detect the analyte. The analyte is detected by a sandwich immunoassay for reporter moieties on a capture probe and a detection probe. The control line consists of the detection probe reporter moiety conjugated to the vertical-flow DNA detection strip. The preliminary limit of detection of the IsoAmp HIV assay was evaluated by testing serial dilutions of HIV-1 armored RNA (Assuragen). We found that 21 (75%) of 28 assays yielded positive results when 50 copies of HIV-1 armored RNA were input into the IsoAmp HIV reaction.
DevOps for IoT Applications Using Cellular Networks and Cloud (2016)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a vision of a future society where an ever-increasing number of heterogeneous physical devices ("things") obtain Internet connectivity, thus enabling a large number of applications for a broad range of industries and society at large. Mobile network operators, expected to provide the network infrastructure for many of these applications, face an unprecedented level of complexity. This complexity not only relates to the number of applications that share the network infrastructure, but also to the different network Quality of Service (QoS) requirements these applications have. To achieve economies of scale, automation in management of those applications throughout their lifecycle is essential. In this paper, we propose an architecture that automates allocation, monitoring and deallocation of both cloud and cellular network resources to ensure QoS for applications that involve connected devices communicating with cloud-hosted software. We describe an implementation of this architecture using a combination of open source, commercial, and custom components and evaluate it through a series of measurements. Results show that our implementation can simultaneously support mobile broadband and low latency, high availability mission-critical applications.
Electrospray mass spectrometry for the characterization of the purity of natural and modified oligodeoxynucleotides (1995)

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is an accurate and sensitive analytical method to characterize the purity of oligodeoxynucleotides being tested for pharmacological studies. We report the preparation procedure ('desalting') of natural and modified oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and their analysis by negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometry. We evaluate the sensitivity and the accuracy of the method for two antisense ODN sequences. Mass analysis of the 25-mer phosphorothioate can be performed to within 0.001% accuracy (standard error of 0.05 Da) for a sample concentration of 12 pmol/microL. In addition, the adduct ion and the failure sequence can be identified to characterize the antisense ODN.
Dynamic definition of entries and attributes in the directory service (2003)

Mechanisms are specified for achieving integrity controls over entries and attributes within a directory information base to facilitate the dynamic management of directory information. The existence of the commonly understood directory data and architectural models is assumed. Two directory objects, attribute definitions and entry definitions, are described; they specify the structure of classes of entries and attributes, respectively. The issues of scope and dynamic creation of definitions are given particular attention. A solution is proposed for problems directory management, which is not covered by present standards.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal Catalyst and Cocatalyst Precontacting in Industrial Ethylene Copolymerization Processes (2016)

In industrial-scale catalytic olefin copolymerization processes, catalyst and cocatalyst precontacting before being introduced in the polymerization reactor is of profound significance in terms of catalyst kinetics and morphology control. The precontacting process takes place under either well-mixing (e.g., static mixers) or plug-flow (e.g., pipes) conditions. The scope of this work is to study the influence of mixing on catalyst/cocatalyst precontacting for a heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalyst system under different polymerization conditions. Slurry ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene copolymerization experiments with 1-butene are performed in a 0.5 L reactor. In addition, the effect of several key parameters (e.g., precontacting time, and ethylene/hydrogen concentration) on catalyst activity is analyzed. Moreover, a comprehensive mass transfer model is employed to provide insight on the mass transfer process and support the experimental findings. The model is capable of assessing the external and internal mass transfer limitations during catalyst/cocatalyst precontacting process. It is shown that catalyst/cocatalyst precontacting is very important for the catalyst activation as well as for the overall catalyst kinetic behavior. The study reveals that there is an optimum precontacting time before and after which the catalyst activity decreases, while this optimum time depends on the precontacting mixing conditions.
Error bars in experimental biology (2007)

Error bars commonly appear in figures in publications, but experimental biologists are often unsure how they should be used and interpreted. In this article we illustrate some basic features of error bars and explain how they can help communicate data and assist correct interpretation. Error bars may show confidence intervals, standard errors, standard deviations, or other quantities. Different types of error bars give quite different information, and so figure legends must make clear what error bars represent. We suggest eight simple rules to assist with effective use and interpretation of error bars.
Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Liquids (2003)

Abstract Production processes for carbon nanotubes often produce mixtures of solid morphologies that are mechanically entangled or that self‐associate into aggregates. Entangled or aggregated nanoparticles often need to be dispersed into fluid suspensions in order to develop materials that have unique mechanical characteristics or transport properties. This paper reviews the effects of milling, ultrasonication, high shear flow, elongational flow, functionalization, and surfactant and dispersant systems on morphology of carbon nanotubes and their interactions in the fluid phase. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been used as an example model system for experimental work because they have been available in engineering‐scale quantities and can be dispersed reproducibly in a variety of solvents and polymers. Their size scales, ∼30–50 nm in average diameter and ∼5–50 microns in length, permit MWNT dispersions to be investigated using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in some cases, light microscopy.
The Transforming Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Axl, Is Post-translationally Regulated by Proteolytic Cleavage (1995)

Several receptor tyrosine kinases generate soluble ligand binding domains either by differential splicing resulting in a truncated RNA transcript, or by proteolytic cleavage. Although the exact role in vivo of these soluble extracellular domains is unclear, proteolysis may function to down-regulate the receptor, and soluble extracellular domains (ECD) may compete with the intact receptor binding to ligand. Axl is a member of a new class of receptor tyrosine kinases characterized by an ECD resembling cell adhesion molecules and unique sequences in the kinase domain. In addition, Axl is transforming in both fibroblast and hematopoietic cells, and appears to be involved in mesenchymal development. We now find that Axl is post-translationally processed by cleavage in a 14 amino acid region immediately NH2-terminal to the transmembrane domain resulting in a soluble ECD and a membrane bound kinase domain. The sequence of this putative cleavage site shares no homology with recognition sites of known proteases. Characterization of this proteolytic processing shows that it does not require protein synthesis or transport but is augmented by phorbol ester treatment. Since the cleavage of Axl enhances turnover of the kinase on the cell surface, we suggest that proteolytic processing down-regulates Axl kinase activity.
Left ventricle global motion and shape from CT volumetric data (1993)

The authors address the problem of estimating left ventricle (LV) global motion and shape from CT (computed tomography) volumetric data based on surface modeling. An improved approach able to estimate the global motion and deformation as well as to construct a parametrized global shape of the LV has been developed. The global rigid motion of the LV is computed from the position and orientation change of an estimated time-varying and object-centered coordinate system, while the global deformations are obtained through the fitting of global shape modeling primitives to the given digital volumes of the LV. Major improvements over the initial effort (C.W. Chen and T.S. Huang, 1992) include a robust algorithm for the LV long axis estimation and the implementation of weighted surface fitting based on the original image statistics of the boundary points.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving apparent diffusion coefficient accuracy on a compact 3T MRI scanner using gradient nonlinearity correction (2018)

4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1498-1507.