gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid gland preservation and selective autotransplantation utilizing topical lidocaine in total thyroidectomy (2010)

In our experience, the use of lidocaine spasmolysis is a useful technique in thyroid surgery for salvaging devascularized PGs. Its utility as a selection method for PG autotransplantation incurs minimal risk or cost and might further reduce the incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism. Further study is warranted.
Fluorinated Copolymer PCPDTBT with Enhanced Open-Circuit Voltage and Reduced Recombination for Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cells (2012)

A novel fluorinated copolymer (F-PCPDTBT) is introduced and shown to exhibit significantly higher power conversion efficiency in bulk heterojunction solar cells with PC(70)BM compared to the well-known low-band-gap polymer PCPDTBT. Fluorination lowers the polymer HOMO level, resulting in high open-circuit voltages well exceeding 0.7 V. Optical spectroscopy and morphological studies with energy-resolved transmission electron microscopy reveal that the fluorinated polymer aggregates more strongly in pristine and blended layers, with a smaller amount of additives needed to achieve optimum device performance. Time-delayed collection field and charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage are used to gain insight into the effect of fluorination on the field dependence of free charge-carrier generation and recombination. F-PCPDTBT is shown to exhibit a significantly weaker field dependence of free charge-carrier generation combined with an overall larger amount of free charges, meaning that geminate recombination is greatly reduced. Additionally, a 3-fold reduction in non-geminate recombination is measured compared to optimized PCPDTBT blends. As a consequence of reduced non-geminate recombination, the performance of optimized blends of fluorinated PCPDTBT with PC(70)BM is largely determined by the field dependence of free-carrier generation, and this field dependence is considerably weaker compared to that of blends comprising the non-fluorinated polymer. For these optimized blends, a short-circuit current of 14 mA/cm(2), an open-circuit voltage of 0.74 V, and a fill factor of 58% are achieved, giving a highest energy conversion efficiency of 6.16%. The superior device performance and the low band-gap render this new polymer highly promising for the construction of efficient polymer-based tandem solar cells.
On-Column and Post-Column Derivatization for Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence for the Analysis of Single Cells (1995)

Abstract Derivatization methods for analysis of single cell components by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection are reviewed. Recent advances have lead to the use of this technique for the identification of amino acids and proteins in many different cell lines ranging in size from 8 to 140 μm. Pre-column, on-column, and post-column methods of derivatization are examined in order to determine which results in the least amount of sample handling and dilution leading to better detection limits for the analytes of interest.
Cold-stage microscopy system for fast-frozen liquids (1979)

The least artifact-laden fixation technique for examining colloidal suspensions, microemulsions, and other microstructured liquids in the electron microscope appears to be thermal fixation, i.e., ultrafast freezing of the liquid specimen. For rapid-enough cooling and for observation in TEM/STEM a thin sample is needed. The need is met by trapping a thin layer ( approximately 100 nm) of liquid between two polyimide films ( approximately 40 nm thickness) mounted on copper grids and immersing the resulting sandwich in liquid nitrogen at its melting point. For liquids containing water, polyimides films are used since this polymer is far less susceptible to the electron beam damage observed for the commonly used polymer films such as Formvar and collodion in contact with ice. Transfer of the frozen sample into the microscope column without deleterious frost deposition and warming is accomplished with a new transfer module for the cooling stage of the JEOL JEM-100CX microscope, which makes a true cold stage out of a device originally intended for cooling specimens inside the column. Sample results obtained with the new fast-freeze, cold-stage microscopy system are given.
Self-Matching Space-Time Block Codes for Matrix Kalman Estimator-Based ML Detector in MIMO Fading Channels (2007)

This paper presents a unifying framework for designing a joint channel-estimation-and-data-detection (CE/DD) scheme and space-time block code (STBC) that improves the performances in a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) slow flat Rayleigh fading channel. Modeling the channel using the continuous-fading model, a matrix state-space model, which naturally represents the temporal and spatial dimensions of a MIMO system, is introduced. A consistent and novel matrix CE/DD scheme is developed using a matrix Kalman filter and a matrix normalized-innovations-based maximum-likelihood detector. In MIMO CE/DD in multiplicative fading, symmetric STBCs (S-STBCs) cause isometric data sequences, which lead to a detection error floor. Motivated by the minimization of the probability of error, two asymmetric STBCs are introduced to be used with these S-STBCs to mitigate isometry. To further improve detection performance, a self-matching STBC (SM-STBC), which mitigates isometry using asymmetry, improves estimation performance using training, and improves detection performance by adapting its code properties, is introduced. This SM-STBC generalizes a limited version that was previously proposed. A comprehensive analysis, which is supported by some simulation studies, indicates that the proposed framework of transceiver and STBC designs offers excellent detection performance.
The Proffered Heart (2004)

In 1593, an arresting image of Sincerity, painted in words, appeared in Cesare Ripa’s Iconologia, a work that would prove to be one of the most influential emblem books of the Baroque age.1 Sincerity, Ripa writes, is to be shown as: 
a woman dressed in gold, who holds in her right hand a white dove, while, with her left hand, she proffers her heart in a gracious, beautiful gesture. The dove and the white clothing represent sincerity in its pure form, without any falsity of appearances or artifice. The proffered heart represents integrity, since, when a man’s will is without vice, he does not conceal the recesses of his heart but rather makes them visible to a11.2
502. Standard potentials in aqueous organic media : a general discussion of the cell H<sub>2</sub>(Pt)|HCl|AgCl–Ag (1957)

D. Feakins and C. M. French, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 2581 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570002581
The Synthesis of Some 2-Substituted Morpholines (1980)

Abstract In connection with the synthesis of a number of compounds which were active as antidepressants, such as 2-(o-ethoxyphen-oxymethyl) morpholine (‘Vivalan’)1a and 2-styrylmorpholine,2 studies were directed towards the synthesis of suitable morpholine intermediates functionalised in the 2-position which could be readily made, preferably on a large scale.
AN efficient algorithm for joint QP and quantization optimization for H.264/AVC (2010)

We describe an efficient algorithm for jointly optimizing the quantization parameter (QP) and the quantization decisions in H.264/AVC. Based on bitrate estimation for quantized and entropy coded coefficients in H.264/AVC, a technique was introduced to select only a small subset of transform coefficients which have the most significant impact on the overall quantization performance. Only the quantization decisions for the coefficients in this subset need to be explicitly examined along with the QP. Simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm achieves similar quantization performances as existing state-of-the-art optimized algorithms at roughly half the complexity.
Flexible and Convergent Total Synthesis of Cyclotheonamide B (1997)

A convergent approach using two key intermediates, segment A [a l-proline-l-α-hydroxy-β-homoarginine-d-phenylalanine (Pro-hArg-d-Phe) tripeptide] and segment B [a vinylogous l-tyrosine-l-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (vTyr-Dpr) dipeptide], was developed for the synthesis of cyclotheonamide B (Scheme 1). The starting compound for the preparation of the hArg moiety 7, the predominant part of segment A, was Nα-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-Nω,Nω‘-bis(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-l-arginine methyl ester (15, Scheme 2), which was converted into the aldehyde 16 and subsequently homologated using [tris(methylthio)methyl]lithium as a carboxylic acid anion equivalent. Coupling with properly protected Pro and d-Phe derivatives gave smoothly the desired Pro-hArg-d-Phe tripeptide derivative 24. The key feature of segment B, i.e., the l-tyrosine-derived α,β-unsaturated γ-amino acid 4, was prepared by a Wadsworth−Emmons olefination of the aldehyde 29 (Scheme 3) derived from N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl), O-tert-butyl-l-tyrosine methyl ester (28). Selective N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl) removal in the presence of the aryl tert-butyl ether present in the fully protected segment B, i.e., 32, was achieved by treatment with trimethylsilyl triflate/2,6-lutidine to give vTyr-Dpr dipeptide derivative 34 in quantitative yield. Coupling of the key intermediates 24 and 34 using 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) afforded the protected linear pentapeptide 35 in high yield (Scheme 4). Treatment of 35 with Pd(PPh3)4/morpholine resulted in simultaneous removal of the C-terminal allyl group and the N-terminal allyloxycarbonyl group to yield 36. Ring closure was effected under dilution conditions by treatment with TBTU/1-hydroxybenzotriazole/4-(dimethylamino)pyridine and gave the protected cyclopentapeptide 37 in 61% yield. Oxidation of the hydroxyl group with Dess−Martin periodinane (24 h, 40 °C) in the presence of tert-butyl alcohol gave 38, which was then subjected to O,N-deprotection with trifluoroacetic acid/thioanisole. Subsequent HPLC purification afforded cyclotheonamide B in an overall yield of 1.8% in 17 steps.
Renal Klotho is Reduced in Septic Patients and Pretreatment With Recombinant Klotho Attenuates Organ Injury in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Mice (2018)

Renal Klotho expression in human sepsis-acute kidney injury and in mouse models of sepsis was significantly decreased and correlated with renal damage. Recombinant Klotho intervention diminished organ damage, inflammation, and endothelial activation in the kidney and brain of lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice. Systemic Klotho replacement may potentially be an organ-protective therapy for septic patients to halt acute, inflammatory organ injury.
FDFNet: A Secure Cancelable Deep Finger Dorsal Template Generation Network Secured via. Bio-Hashing (2019)

Present world has already been consistently exploring the fine edges of online and digital world by imposing multiple challenging problems/scenarios. Similar to physical world, personal identity management is very crucial inorder to provide any secure online system. Last decade has seen a lot of work in this area using biometrics such as face, fingerprint, iris etc. Still there exist several vulnerabilities and one should have to address the problem of compromised biometrics much more seriously, since they cannot be modified easily once compromised. In this work, we have proposed a secure cancelable finger dorsal template generation network (learning domain specific features) secured via. Bio-Hashing. Proposed system effectively protects the original finger dorsal images by withdrawing compromised template and reassigning the new one. A novel Finger-Dorsal Feature Extraction Net (FDFNet) has been proposed for extracting the discriminative features. This network is exclusively trained on trait specific features without using any kind of pre-trained architecture. Later Bio-Hashing, a technique based on assigning a tokenized random number to each user, has been used to hash the features extracted from FDFNet. To test the performance of the proposed architecture, we have tested it over two benchmark public finger knuckle datasets: PolyU FKP and PolyU Contactless FKI. The experimental results shows the effectiveness of the proposed system in terms of security and accuracy.
[Age and changes in the cell wall of Cunninghamella japonica]. (1981)

Changes in the composition of cell walls were studied in hyphae of Cunninghamella japonica in the course of aging. The content of neutral sugars, uronic acids and lipids remained virtually the same while the content of protein, aminosugars and chitin changed in the course of the cultural growth. The presence of chitosan in the cell wall of Cun. japonica is discussed.
Inflammasomes: sensors of metabolic stresses for vascular inflammation  (2012)

Metabolic syndrome is a major health issue in the western world. An elevated pro-inflammatory state is often found in patients with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Atherosclerosis is one such clinical manifestation of pro-inflammatory state associated with the vasculature. The exact mechanism by which metabolic stress induces this pro-inflammatory status and promotes atherogenesis remained elusive until the discovery of the inflammasome protein complex. This complex is composed of pro-caspase-1 and pathogen sensors. Activation of inflammasome requires the transcriptional upregulation of inflammasome components and the post-translational assembly. Three models of inflammasome assembly have been proposed: 1) the ion channel model; 2) the reactive oxygen species (ROS) model; and 3) the lysosome model. In either case, inflammasome activation triggers the auto-activation of pro-caspase-1 into its mature form. Caspase-1, which was first discovered as the IL-1β converting enzyme, is known to be a major player in inflammatory and cell death pathways. Many endogenous metabolic ligands have been experimentally shown to activate inflammasome, and thus initiate the subsequent inflammation process. Further understanding of the distinct molecular mechanism by which metabolic ligands activates inflammasome could lead to developing novel therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis and other clinical problems related to metabolic diseases.
A CAC algorithm for per-VC queueing systems loaded by fractal traffic (2003)

ATM technology is expected to support a broad variety of services and applications, satisfying a wide range of user quality needs and network performance objectives. In this scenario a per-virtual connection (per-VC) queueing is needed to guarantee different quality of service (QoS) requirements and to provide adequate congestion avoidance techniques (such as early packet discard) to single traffic flows. We present a call admission control (CAC) scheme with per-VC management of network resources. Starting from the widely accepted long memory properties of broadband traffic, fractional Brownian motion (fBm) is used as a parsimonious traffic model. The proposed CAC scheme employs the knowledge of the exact asymptotic queue length distribution to efficiently allocate network resources (buffer and output link capacity) to the contending sources. We analyse the multiplexing gain considering an appropriate distribution of the bandwidth among different sources, highlighting its advantages over the rate envelope multiplexing scheme, suggested by the ITU-T.
<title>Road detection in spaceborne SAR images using genetic algorithm</title> (2000)

This paper presents a technique for detection of roads in a spaceborne SAR image using a genetic algorithm. Roads in a spaceborne SAR image can be modelled as curvilinear structures with some thickness. Curve segments, which represent candidate positions of roads, are extracted from the image using a curvilinear structure detector, and roads are detected accurately by grouping those curve segments. For this purpose, we designed a grouping method based on a genetic algorithm (GA), which is one of the global optimization methods, combined perceptual grouping factors with it, and tried to reduce its overall computational cost by introducing an operation of thresholding and a concept of region growing. To detect roads more accurately, postprocessing, including noisy curve segment removal, is performed after grouping. We applied our method to ERS-1 SAR images that have a resolution of about 30 meters, and the experimental results show that our method can detect roads accurately, and is much faster than a globally applied GA approach.
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule is an independent prognostic marker in clear cell renal carcinoma (2012)

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) has recently attained a renewed interest as a candidate protein in diagnosis, prognostication and therapy of various tumor entities. The molecular epidemiology and prognostic relevance of EPCAM in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and amongst the histological subtypes of RCC are unclear. We analyzed the prevalence and prognostic significance of EPCAM in a tumor tissue microarray composed of 1,088 independent RCCs samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We found significant variations of EPCAM IHC staining intensities in between the RCC subtypes: in papillary and chromophobe RCC, the majority of tumors (89-93%) showed an at least weak EPCAM protein expression. In the largest subgroup, the clear cell (cc)RCC (n = 767), a negative EPCAM IHC was found in 1/3 of the patients and was associated with high-grade disease and nodal metastases. Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated a significant association between positive EPCAM IHC and prolonged overall survival, even in a subset of low-risk ccRCC. In multivariable analyses, EPCAM represented an independent risk factor of survival throughout all subgroups. For localized, low-grade ccRCC, information of EPCAM IHC raised predictive accuracy of a multivariate model by ∼5%, compared to T-stage and grade alone. Our findings indicate that EPCAM is an independent prognostic molecular marker in ccRCC and, especially in localized ccRCC, might be able to provide auxiliary information for a better prognostication.
Ehrlichia chaffeensis inclusions are early endosomes which selectively accumulate transferrin receptor (1997)

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligatory intracellular bacterium which infects macrophages and monocytes. Double immunofluorescence labeling was used to characterize the nature of E. chaffeensis inclusion in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. E. chaffeensis was labeled with dog anti-E. chaffeensis serum and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-dog immunoglobulin G (IgG). Lissamine rhodamine-conjugated anti-mouse IgG was used to label various mouse monoclonal antibodies. Ehrlichial inclusions did not fuse with lysosomes, since they were not labeled with anti-CD63 or anti-LAMP-1. The ehrlichial inclusions were slightly acidic, since they weakly accumulated 3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-3'-amino-N-methyldipropylamine and stained weakly positive for vacuolar type H+ ATPase. Some ehrlichial inclusions were labeled positive with antibodies against HLA-DR, HLA-ABC, and beta2 microglobulin, while other inclusions in the same cell were labeled negative. The inclusions were labeled strongly positive for transferrin receptors (TfRs) and negative for the clathrin heavy chain. Time course labeling for TfRs showed that up to 3 h postinfection, most of the ehrlichial inclusions were negative for TfRs. After 6 h postinfection, 100% of the ehrlichial inclusions became TfR positive and the intensity of labeling was increased during the subsequent 3 days. Reverse transcription-PCR showed a gradual increase in the level of TfR mRNA postinfection, which reached a peak at 24 h postinfection. These results suggest that ehrlichial inclusions are early endosomes which selectively accumulate TfRs and that the ehrlichiae up-regulate TfR mRNA expression.
Autonomous Situation Awareness Through Threat Data Integration (2007)

The ability to dynamically collect and analyze threat data and to accurately report the current battlefield situation is critical in the face of emergent hostile attacks, and enables battlefield helicopters to continually function despite of potential threats. The paper is to model threats to battlefield helicopters, which represents a specific threat pattern and a methodology that compiles the threat into a set of rules using machine learning algorithms. This methodology based upon the inductive threat model can be used to detect real-time threats. We report experimental results that demonstrate the distinctive and predictive patterns of threats in simulated battlefield settings, and show the potential of compilation methods for the successful detection of threat systems.
Overexpression of Micro Ribonucleic Acid 29, Highly Up-Regulated in Diabetic Rats, Leads to Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (2007)

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested to play pivotal roles in multifarious diseases associated with the posttranscriptional regulation of protein-coding genes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of miRNAs in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The miRNAs expression profiles were examined by miRNA microarray analysis of skeletal muscles from healthy and Goto-Kakizaki rats. We identified four up-regulated miRNAs, and 11 miRNAs that were down-regulated relative to normal individuals. Among induced miRNAs were three paralogs of miR-29, miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c. Northern blotting further confirmed their elevated expression in three important target tissues of insulin action: muscle, fat, and liver of diabetic rats. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of miR-29a/b/c in 3T3-L1 adipocytes could largely repress insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, presumably through inhibiting Akt activation. The increase in miR-29 level caused insulin resistance, similar to that of incubation with high glucose and insulin in combination, which, in turn, induced miR-29a and miR-29b expression. In this paper, we demonstrate that Akt is not the direct target gene of miR-29 and that the negative effects of miR-29 on insulin signaling might be mediated by other unknown intermediates. Taken together, these data reveal the crucial role of miR-29 in type 2 diabetes.
Surface micromachined, digitally force-balanced accelerometer with integrated CMOS detection circuitry (2003)

The authors have described a surface micromachined accelerometer with digital electrostatic feedback using Sigma - Delta modulation technique, fabricated in a modular CMOS/microstructure process. Detection circuits have been tested successfully. The unity gain buffer with low input capacitance can also be used for other capacitive detection applications. The accelerometer has been characterized in the self-testing mode and has demonstrated the functionality of the device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Review of Power Electronics Based Microgrids (2012)

The increased penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) is challenging the entire architecture of conventional electrical power system. Microgrid paradigm, featuring higher flexibility and reliability, becomes an attractive candidate for the future power grid. In this paper, an overview of microgrid configurations is given. Then, possible structure options and control methods of DER units are presented, which is followed by the descriptions of system controls and power management strategies for AC microgrids. Finally, future trends of microgrids are discussed pointing out how this concept can be a key to achieve a more intelligent and flexible power system.
A beam reconfigurable antenna using MEMS switches (2009)

A beam reconfigurable antenna based on folded dipole structure has been presented. The antenna can switch beams without the input impedance variation. The front-to-back ratio is measured as approximately 7dB. To implement the antenna, a bi-stable leaf spring MEMS switch is considered.