gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (2016)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered by cardiologists and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for AF include age, male sex, genetic predisposition, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, obesity, excessive alcohol, smoking, hyperthyroidism, pulmonary disease, air pollution, heart failure, and possibly excessive exercise. The management of AF involves decisions about rate versus rhythm control. Asymptomatic patients are generally managed with rate control and anticoagulation. Symptomatic patients will desire rhythm control. Rhythm control options are either antiarrhythmic agents or ablation, with each having its own risks and benefits. Ablation of AF has evolved from a rare and complex procedure to a common electrophysiological technique. Selection of patients to undergo ablation is an important aspect of AF care. Patients with the highest success rates of ablation are those with normal structural hearts and paroxysmal AF, although those with congestive heart failure have the greatest potential benefit of the procedure. Although pulmonary vein isolation of any means/energy source is the approach generally agreed on for those with paroxysmal AF, optimal techniques for the ablation of nonparoxysmal AF are not yet clear. Anticoagulation reduces thromboembolic complications; the newer anticoagulants have eased management for both the patient and the cardiologist. Aggressive management of modifiable risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, obesity, excessive alcohol, smoking, hyperthyroidism, pulmonary disease, air pollution, and possibly excessive exercise) after ablation reduces the odds of recurrent AF and is an important element of care.
56. AAV Vector-Mediated CRISPR Attacks on Proviral HIV-1 DNA for Purging of Cellular Reservoirs (2015)

HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, is highly successful as a viral pathogen due to its ability to persist in the infected host as an integrated proviral DNA within cellular reservoirs, particularly in resting CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Current antiretroviral combination therapy can control viral spread and viremia but cannot eradicate latent HIV genomes, raising an urgent need for alternative strategies for long-term remission or cure. We combined two powerful technologies, synthetic AAV vectors and CRISPR-mediated gene engineering, with the ultimate aim to eliminate integrated HIV from latently infected human cells. Therefore, we first screened a library of peptide display mutants based on 12 different AAV serotypes and identified novel capsids that mediate potent transduction of relevant HIV target cells, including primary human T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Our lead candidates – two peptide-modified variants of AAV9 or AAVrh.10 – were capable of transducing >65% of primary humanCD4+ T cells and were superior to all 12 wildtype AAV isolates. Concurrently, we created AAV vector genomes that express – alone or in combination – the two essential CRISPR components, i.e., the Cas9 protein and a g(uide)RNA directed against either the HIV-1 long terminal repeats (LTRs), or against viral structural genes. AAV/CRISPR vector efficiency and specificity were validated using a T7 endonuclease assay, showing successful Cas9-mediated induction of double-stranded DNA breaks at the specific HIV-1 target regions and subsequent error-prone repair in HeLaP4 cells with a stably integrated HIV-1 genome. To further potentiate the approach, we exploited a highly customizable self-complementary AAV vector backbone recently developed in our lab that permits multiplexing up to three gRNAs under control of the U6, H1 and 7SK promoters in a single vector particle. We engineered this template to co-express our best gRNAs against the two HIV-1 LTRs and the viral gag gene, and compared its potency with our different first-generation single gRNA vectors. In reporter cells carrying a GFP-encoding HIV-1 genome, simultaneous cleavage was indeed detected at three different sites (5’LTR, 3’LTR and gag), reaching an impressive 63.5% cutting efficiency (versus 36.6-50% for the single gRNA vectors) and demonstrating the power of these vectors to cleave HIV-1 proviral DNA. Finally, we will present results from our ongoing validation of proviral cleavage in human T-cell lines that are latently infected with HIV-1 as a physiologically relevant model of HIV-1 latency. The described experiments prove the possibility to target, cut and destroy integrated HIV-1 proviral DNA with AAV/CRISPR vectors in human cells, and therefore support the further development of our tools and approach into a novel clinical modality for purging of latent HIV-1 reservoirs.
Phosphonic acid analogues of carbohydrate metabolites. I. Synthesis of <scp>L</scp>- and <scp>D</scp>-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid (1969)

A synthesis of the phosphonic acid analogues of L-α- and D-α-glycerophosphoric acid, viz. L- and D-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid, is described. The L-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid was obtained by treating acetone α-iodo-L-propylene glycol with triethyl phosphite at 120–125° for 24 h, hydrolyzing the condensation product acetone L-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid diethyl ester with 2 N sulfuric acid at 100° for 48 h, and isolating the L-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid as barium salt. The D-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid was prepared in the same manner from acetone α-iodo-D-propylene glycol. The barium salts are readily soluble in cold water, much less soluble in hot water, and insoluble in the more common organic solvents. Dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid and α-glycerophosphoric acid can be distinguished from each other by their different behaviors towards hot mineral acids, and by the infrared spectra, n.m.r. spectra, and optical rotations of their barium salts.
Tumors of the Eye. (1964)

As a young mother, who owed her child's life and eyesight to Dr. Reese, once said to this reviewer, "I don't understand why such a nice man has devoted his life to such nasty disease but I'm very glad he has." The ophthalmological world is glad, too, not only that Dr. Reese has made such an intensive study of tumors of the eye but also that he has shared this knowledge with all of us through his masterful volume. The first edition is so well known to all ophthalmologists that it would be presumptive of any review to reiterate its virtues. The second edition, coming just ten years later, is extensively revised and rewritten. It retains all the valuable information of the first edition, which was based primarily on the author's wide personal experience, modified and amplified by another decade's rich experience. This volume also branches out much more than
Tight Junction Transmembrane Protein Claudin Subtype Expression and Distribution in Human Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelium (2009)

Claudin-1, -4, and -7 are expressed in corneal and conjunctival epithelia. Claudin-10 is prominent at several junctions between apical epithelial cells and goblet cells in conjunctival epithelium. Except for claudin-10 expression in conjunctival epithelium, the claudin subtype expressions of corneal and conjunctival epithelia are similar. Therefore, there must be a difference between these two epithelial types with regard to the specific ratio of claudin subtypes expressed or their phosphorylation status. The distribution of goblet cells in conjunctival epithelium also influences the difference in barrier function.
Essentials of Corporate Finance (1996)

Examples are drawn from every aspect of business, not just corporate finance and help is given at every turn to help you look like a finance major come test time.
Central Nervous System Metastases in HER-2–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Trastuzumab: Incidence, Survival, and Risk Factors (2007)

The CNS metastasis incidence is very high in HER-2-positive MBC, but the survival after CNS relapse in these patients is longer than in patients unselected for HER-2 status, because of the better control of extracranial disease obtained by trastuzumab. The identified risk factors for CNS relapse could allow us to select a subgroup of HER-2-positive MBC patients as candidates for active surveillance for CNS progression (by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) and/or as candidates for accrual in trials of prevention of CNS relapse.
Nondegenerate two-wave mixing in ruby (1988)

We demonstrate energy exchange by nondegenerate two-wave mixing in ruby. Our results are in agreement with the theory of nondegenerate two-wave mixing when the theory is generalized to take into account a complex nonlinear index. Two-wave mixing gain exceeding the absorption and reflection losses is demonstrated, and we show that these experiments provide a simple and accurate method for determining the complex nonlinear index, response time, and saturation intensity of the medium.
Purification and characterization of a β-glucosidase from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (1996)

Journal Article Purification and characterization of a β‐glucosidase from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis Get access T.M. Alconada, T.M. Alconada Departamento de Cs. Biológicas, Facultad de Cs. Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J. Martínez M.J. Martínez Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Madrid, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Letters in Applied Microbiology, Volume 22, Issue 2, 1 February 1996, Pages 106–110, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1996.tb01120.x Published: 01 February 1996 Article history Received: 24 July 1995 Accepted: 28 July 1995 Published: 01 February 1996
Agglutination of Particulate Antigens in Agar Gel (1967)

Summary Reactions of particulate antigens with their corresponding antibodies were studied by means of double diffusion in gel using 0.5% agar. In the following test systems, distinct reaction lines were observed and their patterns described: 1) Sheep erythrocyte stromata vs. rabbit anti-sheep erythrocyte sera and vs. human infectious mononucleosis sera; 2) human erythrocyte stromata vs. rabbit antisera to human M and N blood groups; 3) sheep erythrocyte stromata sensitized by rabbit antisheep erythrocyte serum vs. goat antiserum to rabbit serum and vs. rabbit antisera to rabbit allotypes; 4) Kahn antigen vs. human syphilis sera and vs. disseminated lupus erythematosus sera; and 5) ethanol-soluble brain antigens vs. rabbit anti-brain sera. In all instances the antigen was in the form of insoluble particles and, accordingly, the reactions observed should be considered agglutination rather than precipitation reactions.
Eine optische Längenmeßeinrichtung für die Im-Prozeß-IVIessung bei der Drehbearbeitung / An optical device for in-process-length measurement during the turning operation (1979)

Article Eine optische Längenmeßeinrichtung für die Im-Prozeß-IVIessung bei der Drehbearbeitung / An optical device for in-process-length measurement during the turning operation was published on December 1, 1979 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 514-524, issue JG).
Brain tumor imaging with PET and 2-[carbon-11]thymidine. (1994)

These data indicate the feasibility of brain tumor imaging with Tdr and suggest the potential clinical usefulness of the method in the detection of tumor recurrences. The specificity of the method remains, however, to be investigated.
Evidence for a circulating sodium transport inhibitor in essential hypertension. (1981)

The active sodium transport of white cells and red cells obtained from patients with essential hypertension was impaired. Incubating white cells from normotensive subjects in serum obtained from patients with essential hypertension caused an impairment in sodium transport in the white cells of normotensive subjects similar to that found in the white cells of hypertensive patients. The impairment in sodium transport was due to a fall in the ouabain-sensitive component of the total sodium efflux rate constant. These results show that the serum of patients with essential hypertension contains a substance which influences sodium transport and that it has ouabain-like activity. They also suggest that it is this substance which causes the impairment in sodium transport in the leucocytes of patients with essential hypertension. These findings support the hypothesis that the rise in blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension is due to an increased concentration of a circulating sodium transport inhibitor which is continuously correcting a tendency for sodium retention by the kidney.
Artificial intelligence assessment for early detection of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction based on electrocardiographic features (2020)

The DLM demonstrated high performance for HFpEF detection using not only a 12-lead ECG but also 6- single-lead ECG. These results suggest that HFpEF can be screened using conventional ECG devices and diverse life-type ECG machines employing the DLM, thereby preventing disease progression.
Angiopoietin-Like Proteins: A Comprehensive Look (2014)

Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) are a family of proteins structurally similar to the angiopoietins. To date, eight ANGPTLs have been discovered, namely ANGPTL1 to ANGPTL8. Emerging evidence implies a key role for ANGPTLs in the regulation of a plethora of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Most of the ANGPTLs exhibit multibiological properties, including established functional roles in lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and cancer. This report represents a systematic and updated appraisal of this class of proteins, focusing on the main features of each ANGPTL.
Efficient Computation of Morse-Smale Complexes for Three-dimensional Scalar Functions (2007)

The Morse-Smale complex is an efficient representation of the gradient behavior of a scalar function, and critical points paired by the complex identify topological features and their importance. We present an algorithm that constructs the Morse-Smale complex in a series of sweeps through the data, identifying various components of the complex in a consistent manner. All components of the complex, both geometric and topological, are computed, providing a complete decomposition of the domain. Efficiency is maintained by representing the geometry of the complex in terms of point sets.
Sensitive enzymatic quantification of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in genomic DNA (2010)

The recent discovery of genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) and mutations affecting the respective Tet hydroxylases in leukemia raises fundamental questions about this epigenetic modification. We present a sensitive method for fast quantification of genomic hmC based on specific transfer of radiolabeled glucose to hmC by a purified glucosyltransferase. We determined hmC levels in various adult tissues and differentiating embryonic stem cells and show a correlation with differential expression of tet genes.
Polyadenylation sites for influenza virus mRNA (1981)

Polyadenylated transcripts of influenza virus RNA are incomplete copies of the individual genome segments, lacking sequences complementary to the 5'-terminal nucleotides of the virion RNA. By using a procedure which depends on the polyadenylic acid tail of the mRNA being encoded in part by the genome, we have determined that the common tract of uridine residues, approximately 17 to 22 nucleotides from the 5' end of each segment, is the site of polyadenylation of influenza virus mRNA.
The Sleeping Beauty Transposon Toolbox (2012)

The mobility of class II transposable elements (DNA transposons) can be experimentally controlled by separating the two functional components of the transposon: the terminal inverted repeat sequences that flank a gene of interest to be mobilized and the transposase protein that can be conditionally supplied to drive the transposition reaction. Thus, a DNA molecule of interest (e.g., a fluorescent marker, an shRNA expression cassette, a mutagenic gene trap or a therapeutic gene construct) cloned between the inverted repeat sequences of a transposon-based vector can be stably integrated into the genome in a regulated and highly efficient manner. Sleeping Beauty (SB) was the first transposon ever shown capable of gene transfer in vertebrate cells, and recent results confirm that SB supports a full spectrum of genetic engineering in vertebrate species, including transgenesis, insertional mutagenesis, and therapeutic somatic gene, transfer both ex vivo and in vivo. This methodological paradigm opened up a number of avenues for genome manipulations for basic and applied research. This review highlights the state-of-the-art in SB transposon technology in diverse genetic applications with special emphasis on the transposon as well as transposase vectors currently available in the SB transposon toolbox.
Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by radiation‐induced dispersion polymerization. I. Synthesis and polymerization kinetics (2002)

Abstract Highly monodisperse polyacrylamide (PAM) microparticles were directly prepared by radiation‐induced dispersion polymerization at room temperature in an aqueous alcohol media using poly( N ‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a steric stabilizer. Monomer conversion was studied dilatometrically and polymer molecular weight was determined viscometrically. The gel effect was found evidently from the polymerization kinetics curves. The influence of the dose rate, monomer concentration, stabilizer content, medium polarity, polymerization temperature on the polymerization rate, and the molecular weight of the polymer was examined. The polymerization rate ( Rp ) can be represented by Rp ∝ D 0.15 [ M ] 0.86 [ S ] 0.47 [A/W] 0.64 and the molecular weight of the polymer can be represented by M w ∝ D −0.19 [ M ] 1.71 [ S ] 0.43 [A/W] 0.14 at a definite experimental variation range. The overall activation energy for the rate of polymerization is 10.57 kJ/mol (20–35°C). Based on these experimental results, the polymerization mechanisms were discussed primarily. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2567–2573, 2002
Phosphors for LED-based Solid-State Lighting (2009)

The efficacy of solid-state lighting (SSL) based upon InGaN LEDs has improved by >10x over the past decade: the efficacy of cool white LEDs surpasses linear fluorescent lamp (LFLs) efficacies (>100 lm/W) and warm white 1W LEDs surpasses compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) efficacies (>60-70 lm/W).
Temporal regulation of cyclin A-p107 and p33cdk2 complexes binding to a human thymidine kinase promoter element important for G1-S phase transcriptional regulation. (1993)

The cyclins are an extensive family of proteins whose cell cycle-dependent synthesis is postulated to control multiple events during the cell cycle. The synthesis of A-type cyclins begins at the start of S phase. In mammalian cells, association with the cdc-type kinases suggests that cyclin A complexes are important for DNA replication and regulating other DNA-bound substrates required for S phase. We report here that a 25-bp promoter element previously shown to be important for the G1-S activation of the human thymidine kinase (htk) promoter in growth-stimulated cells is a cellular target of cyclin A and the p33cdk2 complexes. Though the p33cdk2 and other nuclear factor complexes exhibit constitutive binding to the htk G1-S regulatory domain, the binding activity of a cyclin A/p107 protein complex is greatly enhanced when the cells enter S phase, correlating with the increase in the tk mRNA levels and the replication of DNA. The binding activity of the cyclin A complex is maintained throughout S phase. Mutation of the DNA sequences on either half of the 25-bp protein binding site results in the loss of its ability to compete efficiently in vitro for the htk complexes, including that of cyclin A-containing complex. The loss of high-affinity binding for the htk complexes also substantially reduces the S-phase regulation of the htk promoter in vivo. Our results support the hypothesis that a cyclin A complex, in association with the p33cdk2 kinase, mediates the S-phase-regulated transcription of the htk promoter in growth-stimulated cells.
pH-Dependent H<sub>2</sub>-Activation Cycle Coupled to Reduction of Nitrate Ion by Cp*Ir Complexes (2002)

This paper reports a pH-dependent H2-activation [H2 (pH 1-4) --> H+ + H- (pH -1) --> 2H+ + 2e-] promoted by CpIr complexes [Cp = eta5-C5(CH3)5]. In a pH range of about 1-4, an aqueous HNO3 solution of [CpIr(III)(H2O)3]2+ (1) reacts with 3 equiv of H2 to yield a solution of [(CpIr(III))2(mu-H)3]+ (2) as a result of heterolytic H2-activation [2[1] + 3H2 (pH 1-4) --> [2] + 3H+ + 6H2O]. The hydrido ligands of 2 display protonic behavior and undergo H/D exchange with D+: [M-(H)3-M]+ + 3D+ <==>[M-(D)3-M]+ + 3H+ (where M = CpIr). Complex 2 is insoluble in a pH range of about -0.2 (1.6 M HNO3/H2O) to -0.8 (6.3 M HNO3/H2O). At pH -1 (10 M HNO3/H2O), a powder of 2 drastically reacts with HNO3 to give a solution of [CpIr(III)(NO3)2] (3) with evolution of H2, NO, and NO2 gases. D-labeling experiments show that the evolved H2 is derived from the hydrido ligands of 2. These results suggest that oxidation of the hydrido ligands of 2 [[2] + 4NO3- (pH -1) --> 2[3] + H2 + H+ + 4e-] couples to reduction of NO3- (NO3- --> NO2- --> NO). To complete the reaction cycle, complex 3 is transformed into 1 by increasing the pH of the solution from -1 to 1. Therefore, we are able to repeat the reaction cycle using 1, H2, and a pH gradient between 1 and -1. A conceivable mechanism for the H2-activation cycle with reduction of NO3- is proposed.
Model Psychoses Induced by LSD-25 in Normals (1956)

<h3>INTRODUCTION</h3> Experimental psychosis has a long history. It might have started with the administration of Cannabis indica boiling in wine to the ancient Hun warriors, resulting in mental obfuscation, as they were prepared for surgery because of wounds sustained in battle. Scientific experimental psychiatry began toward the end of the last century, in the Kraepelinian era—when the organic theory of psychoses was in its fullest vogue. Beringer's experiments with mescaline<sup>1</sup>marked a milestone in research in that many of the symptoms induced were highly similar to those encountered in schizophrenia and the drug seemed to have had a selective affinity for the brain. The discovery of LSD-25* by Stoll and Hoffmann<sup>2</sup>was an even more exciting event, because the drug worked similarly in infinitesimal-trace amounts. Stoll<sup>3</sup>(1947) suggested the pharmacological designation<i>Phantastium</i>for this substance, and he classified the resultant model psychosis as that of the acute
Detecting Circulating Tumor DNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Using Droplet Digital PCR Is Feasible and Reflects Intratumoral Heterogeneity (2016)

ctDNA could be readily detected in HCC patients by targeting hotspot mutations using ddPCR and might reflect intratumoral heterogeneity. ctDNA detecting may serve as a promising liquid biopsy in HCC management.