gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the transmission of human hepatitis A virus to stump-tailed monkey. (1981)

The newly-caught stump-tailed monkeys (Macaca speciosa) with negative antibody to hepatitis A were inoculated with human hepatitis A virus. The following findings were observed in the monkeys after inoculation: (i) the elevation of activities of the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme (LDH5), (ii) the seroconversion of antibody to hepatitis A virus. (iii) the shedding of hepatitis A antigen in feces. These findings show that the stump-tailed monkey (Macaca speciosa) is susceptible to infection of human hepatitis A virus. The virus recovered from the feces of the infected monkey, named as Hang-zhou A-1A strain of hepatitis A virus, has experienced two generations of successful transmission in monkeys.
Low molecular weight complexed poly(3-hydroxybutyrate): a dynamic and versatile molecule in vivo (1995)

It is increasingly clear that poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is not just an inert storage polymer, confined to certain bacteria, but a ubiquitous, interactive, solvating biopolymer involved in important physiological functions. Low molecular weight PHB, complexed to other macromolecules (c-PHB), is widely distributed in biological cells, being found in representative organisms of nearly all phyla. Complexation modifies the physical and chemical properties of c-PHB, allowing it to pervade aqueous as well as hydrophobic regions of the cell, and as a result c-PHB can be found in cytoplasm and intracellular fluids as well as in membranes and lipoproteins. The lipidic homopolymer associates with other macromolecules primarily via its ester carbonyl oxygens, which can act as hydrogen-bond acceptors or as ligands for coordinate bonds to cations. The spacing of the electron-donating groups along the flexible backbone allows for multiple bonding interactions, and forms the basis for the ability of c-PHB to bind to proteins, or to form ion-conducting complexes with salts. The singular ability of c-PHB to dissolve salts and facilitate their transfer across hydrophobic barriers defines a potential physiological niche for c-PHB in cell metabolism.
Long-Term Survival of Patients With Glioblastoma Treated With Radiotherapy and Lomustine Plus Temozolomide (2009)

The combination of radiotherapy, CCNU, and TMZ yielded promising long-term survival data in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Intensification of CCNU/TMZ chemotherapy may add an additional survival benefit, albeit with greater acute toxicity.
Photophobia and sensations of dryness in patients with migraine occur independent of baseline tear volume and improve following botulinum toxin A injections (2018)

BoNT-A significantly improved photophobia in patients being treated for migraine and also improved dry eye symptoms in patients with severe symptoms at baseline, independent of baseline tear film volume. These improvements may be due to modulation of shared trigeminal neural pathways.
Face Recognition based on a 3D Morphable Model (2006)

This paper summarizes the main concepts of morphable models of 3D faces, and describes two algorithms for 3D surface reconstruction and face recognition. The first algorithm is based on an analysis-by-synthesis technique that estimates shape and pose by fully reproducing the appearance of the face in the image. The second algorithm is based on a set of feature point locations, producing high-resolution shape estimates in computation times of 0.25 seconds. A variety of different application paradigms for model-based face recognition are discussed
Mixed-Criticality Real-Time Scheduling for Multicore Systems (2010)

Current hard real-time scheduling and analysis techniques are unable to efficiently utilize the computational bandwidth provided by multicore platforms. This is due to the large gap between worst-case execution time predictions used in schedulability analysis and actual execution times seen in practice. In this paper, we view this gap as "slack'' that can be accounted for during schedulability analysis and reclaimed for less critical work. We use this technique to develop an architecture for scheduling mixed criticality real-time workloads on multiprocessor platforms. Our architecture provides temporal isolation among tasks of different criticalities while allowing slack to be redistributed across criticality levels.
Near-optimal convolutionally coded asynchronous CDMA with iterative multiuser detection/decoding (2003)

We consider in this paper a convolutionally coded asynchronous CDMA system with iterative multiuser detection and decoding. Each user's bits are convolutionally encoded, interleaved, and differentially encoded before being transmitted over the multiuser CDMA channel. In contrast to previous work in this area, a differential encoder is inserted to effect an interleaver gain. We view the asynchronous CDMA channel as a periodically time-varying ISI channel. The receiver jointly decodes the differential encoders and the CDMA channel with a combined trellis, and shares soft output information with the convolutional decoders in an iterative (turbo) fashion. Dramatic gains over conventional convolutionally coded systems are demonstrated via simulation. Near single-user turbo performance is obtained with a moderate number of users. We also show that there exists an optimal code rate under a bandwidth constraint. The performance and optimal code rates are also demonstrated via density evolution analyses.
Living with a concealable stigmatized identity: The impact of anticipated stigma, centrality, salience, and cultural stigma on psychological distress and health. (2015)

The current research provides a framework for understanding how concealable stigmatized identities impact people's psychological well-being and health. The authors hypothesize that increased anticipated stigma, greater centrality of the stigmatized identity to the self, increased salience of the identity, and possession of a stigma that is more strongly culturally devalued all predict heightened psychological distress. In Study 1, the hypotheses were supported with a sample of 300 participants who possessed 13 different concealable stigmatized identities. Analyses comparing people with an associative stigma to those with a personal stigma showed that people with an associative stigma report less distress and that this difference is fully mediated by decreased anticipated stigma, centrality, and salience. Study 2 sought to replicate the findings of Study 1 with a sample of 235 participants possessing concealable stigmatized identities and to extend the model to predicting health outcomes. Structural equation modeling showed that anticipated stigma and cultural stigma were directly related to self-reported health outcomes. Discussion centers on understanding the implications of intraindividual processes (anticipated stigma, identity centrality, and identity salience) and an external process (cultural devaluation of stigmatized identities) for mental and physical health among people living with a concealable stigmatized identity.
Computational Grid as an Appropriate Infrastructure for Ultra Large Scale Software Intensive Systems (2010)

Ultra large scale (ULS) systems are future software intensive systems that have billions of lines of code, composed of heterogeneous, changing, inconsistent and independent elements that are dispersed through worldwide global networks. Huge scale of this heterology in addition to distinctive characteristics like decentralization of operation, management, deployment and evolution, continuous evolving, people participation in system operation and normal failures that dominate in ULS systems face them to new challenges that today software architectures and developers have less or no concerns about them. To face these challenges there must be an appropriate infrastructure with enough or at least extendable features and capabilities to support ULS distinctive characteristics. In this paper we propose computational grid as an appropriate infrastructure for ULS systems that not only supports some of ULS characteristics itself, but also can exploit service oriented architecture, fault tolerant approaches, distributed management algorithms and many other mechanisms in order to extend its fundamental capabilities to adapt itself with ULS systems. We explain what kind of grid is appropriate for ULS and expound how it provides solutions for each of the ULS particular characteristics.
Prostaglandin A and J: antitumor and antiviral prostaglandins. (1989)

Prostaglandin(PG)s of the A and J series are categorized as antitumor, antiviral PGs. They have a reactive alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl in the cyclopentenone ring, which could be the active moiety. They are actively incorporated into cells and in part transferred to the nuclei, and lead to cell cycle arrest at G1 or cell death depending on the dose.
Design and development of a continuous small-scale rice hull gas producer (1986)

A dual reactor rice hull gas producer has been developed with continuous gas production for engine operation. A 3.7 kW (5 hp), single cylinder, gasoline engine has been operated on producer gas for periods of up to 9.3 hours. Engine operation was excellent for the 134 hours accumulated on producer gas.
Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Protein as an Independent Predictor of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Subjects with Hyperalphalipoproteinemia (2009)

SR-BI protein has an independent effect on HDL-C levels in women with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Two SNPs were significantly associated with lower SR-BI protein levels.
Future developments in cosmetic formulations (1992)

Synopsis In recent years, there have been a great deal of interest in applications of microemulsions, liposomes (vesicles) and multiple emulsions in cosmetic formulations. These systems will provide the cosmetic industry with new types of formulations which are easier to apply, better functional benefit and potentially safer formulations. Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable systems and hence shelf life is no problem. Many cosmetic ingredients can be adequately solubilized in the swollen micelles of the microemulsions. Such solubilized systems may enhance transport and diffusion through various barriers, eg., the skin, thus enhancing the efficacy of the formulations. However, microemulsions may cause skin irritation by disrupting the liquid crystalline structure of the stratum corneum. This problem may be overcome by formulating microemulsions, which on evaporation produce lamellar liquid crystalline structures. The problem of skin irritation is certainly reduced or eliminated using liposomes or vesicles, which offer an alternative to microemulsions. The principles for formation and stabilization of vesicles are discussed in this paper and research work is needed to produce nanocapsules from liposomes, using polymerizable surfactants. Multiple emulsions of the water/oil/water (w/o/w) or oil/water/oil (o/w/o) types are also valuable systems for formulating cosmetics. In the first place, they offer a means of sustained release of the various ingredients. Secondly, they allow one to separate the various ingredients in the formulation, thus preventing their possible interaction. The basic principles required for preparation of stable multiple emulsions are summarised. Developments of polymeric surfactants led to the formulation of stable multiple emulsions. An example of a recently formulated stable w/o/w multiple emulsion is given in this paper The stability of the system was investigated using optical microscopy. Creaming occurred on storage, particularly at high temperature (40 degrees C) and this was significantly reduced by addition of Kelzan (a polysaccharide with high molecular weight). The final formulation was studied rheological techniques.
An exploratory study of pauses in computer-assisted EFL writing (2014)

Cuiqin Xu, Nanjing University Yanren Ding, Nanjing University The advance of computer input log and screen-recording programs over the last two decades has greatly facilitated research into the writing process in real time. Using Inputlog 4.0 and Camtasia 6.0 to record the writing process of 24 Chinese EFL writers in an argumentative task, this study explored L2 writers’ pausing patterns in computerassisted writing settings and how their pausing patterns related to writing time allocation, writing fluency, and text quality. Results suggest that while the skilled writers allocated significantly less time to the prewriting stage, they paused significantly longer yet less frequently than the less-skilled group in this stage; however, the two groups displayed no significant difference in pause frequency or duration in the composing stage. Text quality was found to correlate positively with prewriting pause duration and writing fluency but negatively with the prewriting time. Web search and dictionary use were identified as important extra writing activities that gave rise to the observed time allocation and pausing patterns. These findings suggest that computer-assisted L2 writing has features distinct from pen-and-paper writing and that L2 writers need to be informed of how to coordinate and regulate writing resources in an electronic environment.
A unified framework for statistical change detection (2002)

The authors address the problem of detecting abrupt changes in the statistical properties of signals and dynamical systems, which is of key interest for failure detection and monitoring. They present a unified parametric statistical framework for both the design and the performance analysis of change detection algorithms. This framework is introduced in the simplest case of change in the scalar parameter of the distribution of an independent random sequence. Situations of increasing complexity are investigated, namely additive changes in linear regression and state-space models and spectral changes in both scalar and multidimensional cases. The link with the analytical redundancy and detection filter approaches is also stressed. A general tool for performance evaluation is introduced: the average run length function, which can be used for estimating both the mean time between false alarms and the mean delay for detection, and for tuning the algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pertuzumab counteracts the inhibitory effect of ErbB2 on degradation of ErbB3 (2013)

Overexpression of ErbB2 and ErbB3 is found in several human cancers, and ErbB2-ErbB3 heterodimers are known as the most potent signaling units among ErbB dimers. While ErbB2 probably undergoes weak endocytosis, ErbB3 is readily internalized even in the absence of added ligand and without requirement for kinase activity. Overexpression of ErbB2 has been demonstrated to inhibit epidermal growth factor-induced internalization and degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor. This happens due to epidermal growth factor receptor-ErbB2 dimerization and can be counteracted by the anti-ErbB2 antibody pertuzumab, which binds the dimerization arm of ErbB2. Pertuzumab does also inhibit ErbB2-ErbB3 dimerization, but to what extent this has effect on constitutive and/or ligand-induced downregulation of ErbB3 is not known. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of ErbB2 as such did not block constitutive internalization of ErbB3, but that heregulin-induced degradation of ErbB3 was significantly slowed in cells expressing high levels of ErbB2. Incubation with pertuzumab did, however, counteract this effect. This indicates that the formation of ErbB2-ErbB3 heterodimers inhibits downregulation of ErbB3 and supports the notion that pertuzumab inhibits ErbB2 dimerization. The inhibitory effect of pertuzumab on ligand-induced ErbB2-ErbB3 heterodimerization was confirmed by the observation that pertuzumab inhibited heregulin-induced phosphorylation of ErbB3 in cells expressing ErbB2 and efficiently reduced heregulin-induced downstream signaling in cells expressing low levels of ErbB2. Altogether the results indicate that pertuzumab can be a valuable therapeutic agent not only in cancers overexpressing ErbB2 but also in cancers co-expressing ErbB2 and ErbB3.
2-Deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-Glucose Combined with Cisplatin Enhances Cytotoxicity via Metabolic Oxidative Stress in Human Head and Neck Cancer Cells (2007)

Glucose deprivation has been hypothesized to cause cytotoxicity by inducing metabolic oxidative stress in human cancer cells. The current work tests the hypothesis that 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) combined with cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)] can enhance cytotoxicity in human head and neck cancer cells (FaDu) by mechanisms involving oxidative stress. Exposure of FaDu cells to the combination of 2DG and cisplatin resulted in a significant decrease in cell survival when compared with 2DG or cisplatin alone. Treatment with 2DG and cisplatin also caused perturbations in parameters indicative of oxidative stress, including decreased intracellular total glutathione and increased percentage of glutathione disulfide. Simultaneous treatment with the thiol antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited parameters indicative of oxidative stress, as well as protected FaDu cells from the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin alone and the combination of 2DG and cisplatin. In addition, polyethylene glycol-conjugated antioxidant enzymes (PEG-superoxide dismutase and PEG-catalase) also protected FaDu cells from 2DG toxicity. An inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO), sensitized FaDu cells to the cytotoxic effects of 2DG and cisplatin, and these effects were inhibited by NAC. Furthermore, the combination of 2DG, cisplatin, and BSO significantly increased the percentage of glutathione disulfide, which was also inhibited by NAC. These results support the hypothesis that exposure of human head and neck cancer cells to 2DG combined with cisplatin enhances cytotoxicity via metabolic oxidative stress. These findings provide a strong biochemical rationale for evaluating inhibitors of glucose and hydroperoxide metabolism in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of head and neck cancer.
Inhibition of growth of MKN45 human gastric‐carcinoma xenografts in nude mice by treatment with bombesin/gastrin‐releasing‐peptide antagonist (RC‐3095) and somatostatin analogue RC‐160 (1994)

Nude mice bearing xenografts of the gastrin-responsive human gastric carcinoma MKN45 cell line were treated for 4 to 5 weeks with bombesin/gastrin-releasing-peptide(GRP) antagonist (RC-3095), somatostatin analogues RC-160 and SMS 201-995, or the combination of RC-3095 and RC-160. Tumor volumes and weights were reduced significantly to a similar extent by RC-160 and SMS 201-995, administered by daily s.c. injections at a dose of 100 micrograms/day. Bombesin/GRP antagonist RC-3095, given s.c. at a dose of 20 micrograms/day, had the greatest inhibitory effect on tumor growth. The combination of RC-3095 with RC-160 did not further potentiate the suppression of tumor growth. Histologically, the number of mitotic cels decreased significantly in the groups treated with RC-160 or the combination of RC-3095 with RC-160. Serum gastrin levels were significantly diminished in all treated groups. Therapy with RC-160 or the combination also significantly decreased levels of serum growth hormone. Receptor assays on tumor membranes showed that bombesin was bound to 2 classes of receptor sites, one with high affinity and low capacity, the other with low affinity and high capacity. Binding sites for epidermal growth factor (EGF) were down-regulated in tumor cells after treatment with RC-3095, RC-160 or the combination of RC-3095 with RC-160. In studies in vitro, both RC-160 and RC-3095 significantly inhibited the proliferation of MKN45 cells in culture as measured by cell number. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that the growth of human gastric cancer in nude mice can be inhibited not only by somatostatin analogues, but also by administration of modern bombesin/GRP antagonists, such as RC-3095.
Studies on Protective Coating. IV (1958)

Glycine esters of cellulose derivatives, their N-substituted compounds, and p-aminobenzoates were prepared and their utility as protective coating agent was examined. Methyl-, acetyl-, and ethylhydroxyethyl-cellulose were chloroacetylated with chloroacetyl chloride and reacted with various amines to form glycine esters and their N-substituted derivatives. p-Nitrobenzoates of cellulose derivatives were prepared with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride and subsequent reduction. Glycine esters were all slightly soluble in organic solvents and artificial gastric juice, and were not suitable as coating agents. p-Aminobenzoate of methylcellulose formed semilucent coating and ethylhydroxyethylcellulose derivatives had low solubility in organic solvents, that these were not suited for the present purpose. p-Aminobenzoate of acetylcellulose was found to have good properties as the protective coating agent.
Designer HF-Based Fluorination Reagent: Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Fluoroalkenes and <i>gem</i>-Difluoromethylene Compounds from Alkynes (2014)

Hydrogen fluoride (HF) and selected nonbasic and weakly coordinating (toward cationic metal) hydrogen-bond acceptors (e.g., DMPU) can form stable complexes through hydrogen bonding. The DMPU/HF complex is a new nucleophilic fluorination reagent that has high acidity and is compatible with cationic metal catalysts. The gold-catalyzed mono- and dihydrofluorination of alkynes using the DMPU/HF complex yields synthetically important fluoroalkenes and gem-difluoromethlylene compounds regioselectively.
Localized saturation of loss grating in complex-coupled DFB laser diodes (1996)

The longitudinal dependence of the standing-wave envelope in a complex-coupled DFB InGaAsP MQW laser is experimentally investigated. We have observed localized clamping of the luminescence for unstable operating conditions. This local clamping is a consequence of the absorber saturation with increasing injection current and of the short period of the standing-wave envelope that is characteristic for multimode emission. The period can be used as a criterion to distinguish between regions of multimode emission and optical instabilities.
AN INVESTIGATION ON TWO CRACKS PERPEN DICULAR TO THE INTERFACES IN A PIEZOE LECTRIC LAYER BONDED TO TWO HALF SPACES BY THE SCHMIDT METHOD (2001)

The behavior of two collinear anti-plane shear cracks in a piezoelectric layer bonded to two half spaces is investigated by the Schmidt method. The cracks are vertically to the imerfaces of the piezoelectric layer. By using the Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with two pairs of triple integral equations. These equations are solved using the Schmidt method. This process is quite different from that adopted previously. Numerical examples are provided to show the effect of the geometry of the interacting cracks and the piezoelectric constants of the material upon the stress intensity factor of the cracks.
The effect of 1300-1380 degrees C anneal temperatures and material contamination on the characteristics of CMOS/SIMOX devices (1988)

The characteristics of CMOS transistors fabrication on silicon implanted with oxygen (SIMOX) materials were measured as a function of the silicon superficial layer contamination levels. In addition, postimplant anneal temperatures of 1300 degrees C, 1350 degrees C, and 1380 degrees C were examined. It is found that the transistor leakage currents as well as the integrity of the gate oxide and implanted SIMOX oxide are functions of the carbon content in the starting material. Leakage currents below 1.0*10/sup -12/ A/ mu m of channel width have been measured when the carbon concentration is reduced to 2*10/sup 18//cm/sup 2/. In addition, the integrity of the transistor gate dielectric, SIMOX implanted oxide, and oxygen precipitate density are seen to be a function of the postimplant anneal temperature. A gate dielectric breakdown field of 10 MV/cm has been achieved when the postimplant temperature is increased to 1380 degrees C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>