gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does Physiological Blood Glucose Control Require an Adaptive Control Strategy? (1987)

To test the hypothesis that only an adaptive algorithm would guarantee optimal feedback control of glycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes, fasting chronically diabetic dogs at rest were subjected to short-term artificial beta cell treatment. Insulin was applied intravenously and an oral glucose load was given during the experiment. Employing the same dosing algorithm, three different control strategies were employed in a random order on different days: adaptive control (minimum variance controller, Test A), fixed command control using on-line parameter estimates (Test B), and fixed command control using off-line individually optimized dosage constants (Test C). Comparison was made to nondiabetic control animals. The glycemic profiles were entirely normal in Test A and C, but were distinctly elevated in Test B. The peripheral hyperinsulinaemia could, however, not be avoided by adaptive control. It is concluded that the restoration of physiological blood glucose control in insulin-dependent diabetes requires dosage parameters which are either continually adapted to the actual situation (adaptive control) or are optimized to meet the individual's needs. In the latter case, fixed command control may be employed. Peripheral hyperinsulinaemia cannot be avoided as long as insulin is administered by a posthepatic route.
Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell disease: relationship to erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure and coagulation activation (2000)

Abstract In sickle cell disease (SCD), loss of erythrocyte membrane phospholipid asymmetry occurs with the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), which provides a docking site for coagulation proteins. In vivo sickling/desickling, with resulting red cell membrane changes and microvesicle formation, appears to be one of the factors responsible for PS exposure. We evaluated children with SCD homozygous for sickle hemoglobin (SS disease) and controls (n = 65) and demonstrate that high levels of fetal hemoglobin (assessed as F cells) are associated with decreased microvesicle formation, PS exposure, and thrombin generation. F cells correlated inversely with both microvesicles and PS positivity (P &lt; .000001) in SS disease. Multiple regression analyses using various hematologic parameters as independent variables, and either microvesicles or PS positivity as the dependent variable, showed a strong relationship only with F cells. Additionally, plasma prothrombin fragment F1.2 levels (a marker for thrombin generation) correlated with both PS positivity (P &lt; .001) and F cells (P &lt; .01). An F-cell level of approximately 70% was associated with normal levels of prothrombin fragment F1.2 and with microvesicle formation indistinguishable from control values. We suggest that the use of such surrogate biologic markers in conjunction with F-cell numbers may provide valuable insights into the biology and consequences of in vivo sickling.
Abstract 4830: Selective DNA-PK inhibitor, M3814, boosts p53 apoptotic response to DNA double strand breaks and effectively kills acute leukemia cells: Implications for AML therapy (2018)

Abstract M3814 is a selective inhibitor of DNA-PK in clinical development. It effectively blocks non-homologous end joining repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) and strongly potentiates the antitumor effect of ionizing radiation (IR) and topoisomerase II inhibitors. By inhibiting DNA-PK catalytic activity in the presence of DSB damage, M3814 disrupts a previously unrecognized negative regulatory loop between DNA-PK and ATM, leading to increased activation of the ATM pathway, including its downstream targets, CHK2 and p53. As a result, in cancer cells expressing wild-type p53, DNA-PK inhibitor strongly activates the p53 response to DSB DNA damage and its two main functions- cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. While p53 activation in p53 wild-type epithelial cancer cells causes effective cell cycle arrest, the majority of the epithelial tumors lose their ability to undergo p53 dependent apoptosis. In contrast, tumor cells from patients with acute leukemia express wild-type p53 in with preserved p53 apoptotic function, making them amenable to p53 activation approaches. Here, we investigate the therapeutic potential of M3814 in combination with DSB-inducing agents in acute leukemia cells. M3814 strongly potentiated the activity of IR in three p53 wild-type leukemia cell lines (MOLM-13, MOLT-4, MV4-11) but had minimal effect on the p53-null HL-60 and THP-1 lines. This potentiation was due to enhanced activation of the p53 pathway as demonstrated by substantially increased expression of p53 transcriptional targets, p21 and PUMA, and induction of apoptosis only in p53 wild-type cells. M3814 showed synergism in p53-dependent cell killing with the topoisomerase inhibitors, daunorubicin and idarubicin, and 2-3 fold increase in the potency of daunorubicin/cytarabine combination in p53 wild-type acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Daunorubicin/cytarabine/M3814 combinations were better tolerated by CD34+ bone marrow cells harvested from healthy volunteers and tested in vitro. These results support further exploration of M3814 as a novel combination partner in the treatment of p53 wild-type AML. Citation Format: Eric Haines, Astrid Zimmermann, Frank Zenke, Andree Blaukat, Lyubomir T. Vassilev. Selective DNA-PK inhibitor, M3814, boosts p53 apoptotic response to DNA double strand breaks and effectively kills acute leukemia cells: Implications for AML therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4830.
A Versatile Temperature-Controlled Reaction Cuvet (1975)

A thermostatted reaction cuvet, operating under computerized or manual temperature control in the ultraviolet or visible region, is described and evaluated. The cell was designed for use with the automated chemistry system described earlier [Clin. Chem. 19, 1114 (1973)], but can readily be adapted for other applications. The entire 3-ml cuvet assembly warms from ambient temperature to 37 degrees C in less than 10 min, with plus or minus 0.15 degrees C stability; the long-term stability is plus or minus 0.05 degrees C; temperature recovery time after washing or reagent addition is less than 3 min. The optical pathlength is 10.00 mm and the carryover volume is 18 mu-l.
The Dam and the Valley: Land, People, and Environment below Buffalo Bill Dam in the Twentieth Century (2002)

Research Article| April 01 2002 The Dam and the Valley: Land, People, and Environment below Buffalo Bill Dam in the Twentieth Century Robert E. Bonner Robert E. Bonner Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Agricultural History (2002) 76 (2): 272–288. https://doi.org/10.1215/00021482-76.2.272 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Robert E. Bonner; The Dam and the Valley: Land, People, and Environment below Buffalo Bill Dam in the Twentieth Century. Agricultural History 1 January 2002; 76 (2): 272–288. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00021482-76.2.272 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter Books & JournalsAll JournalsAgricultural History Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2002 Agricultural History Society2002 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A Si/sub 0.7/Ge/sub 0.3/ strained layer etch stop for the generation of bond and etch back SOI (2003)

Summary form only given. The authors discuss the use of an MBE grown Si/sub 0.7/Ge/sub 0.3/ strained layer as an etch stop, and the successful fabrication of bond and etch-back silicon on insulator with an undoped 200-nm silicon layer using this technology. Full integrity of the etch stop was maintained following oxidation and bonding of the prime wafer. Defects generated in the strained etch stop region during thermal treatments did not propagate into the active silicon device region.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cloning and characterization of human very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase cDNA, chromosomal assignment of the gene and identification in four patients of nine different mutations within the VLCAD gene [published erratum appears in Hum Mol Genet 1996 Sep;5(9):1390] (1996)

Very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) is one of four straight-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACD) enzymes, which are all nuclear encoded mitochondrial flavoproteins catalyzing the initial step in fatty acid beta-oxidation. We have used the very fast, Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) based strategy to obtain the sequence of cDNAs encoding human VLCAD from placenta and fibroblasts. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequence of human VLCAD with those of the other human ACD enzymes revealed extensive sequence homology. Moreover, human VLCAD and human acyl-CoA oxidase showed extensive sequence homology corroborating the notion that these genes are evolutionarily related. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from hybrid cell lines was used to localize the VLCAD gene to human chromosome 17p11.2-p11.13105. Using Northern and Western blot analysis to investigate the tissue specific distribution of VLCAD mRNA and protein in several human tissues we showed that VLCAD is most abundant in heart and skeletal muscle. This agrees well with the fact that cardiac and muscle symptoms are characteristic for patients with VLCAD deficiency. Northern blot analysis and sequencing of cloned PCR amplified VLCAD cDNA from four unrelated patients with VLCAD deficiency showed that VLCAD mRNA was undetectable in one patient and that the other three have mutations in both VLCAD alleles. Western blot analysis of patient fibroblasts showed that the identified mutations result in severely reduced amounts of VLCAD protein. None of the patients harbored identical mutations suggesting that the mutational heterogeneity in VLCAD deficiency is large.
Fentanyl: A Review for Clinical and Analytical Toxicologists (1995)

Fentanyl is a highly potent, short acting synthetic analgesic indicated as a preanesthetic medication. It is available for intravenous injection, as a transdermal patch and a lozenge dosage form. Fentanyl displays a large apparent volume of distribution, short plasma half life and extensive biotransformation. It is a popular drug of abuse among health care professionals. Diversion of pharmaceutical fentanyl preparations, as well as the availability of illicitly synthesized potent and highly toxic fentanyl analogs have resulted in numerous overdose deaths. Analysis of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs requires highly selective and sensitive methodologies. This review is intended as a quick reference source for clinical and analytical toxicologists.
Optimization of Single-Gate Carbon-Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (2005)

The performance of Schottky-barrier carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) critically depends on the device geometry. Asymmetric gate contacts, the drain and source contact thickness, and inhomogenous dielectrics above and below the nanotube influence the device operation. An optimizer has been used to extract geometries with steep subthreshold slope and high I/sub on//I/sub off/ ratio. It is found that the best performance improvements can be achieved using asymmetric gates centered above the source contact, where the optimum position and length of the gate contact varies with the oxide thickness. The main advantages of geometries with asymmetric gate contacts are the increased I/sub on//I/sub off/ ratio and the fact that the gate voltage required to attain minimum drain current is shifted toward zero, whereas symmetric geometries require V/sub g/=V/sub d//2. Our results suggest that the subthreshold slope of single-gate CNTFETs scales linearly with the gate-oxide thickness and can be reduced by a factor of two reaching a value below 100 mV/dec for devices with oxide thicknesses smaller than 5 nm by geometry optimization.
Prospective Applications of Single-Domain Antibodies in Biomedicine (2020)

Methods that utilize highly specific antibodies, anti-idiotypic antibodies, various recombinant molecules with antibody properties and immunocorrection and immunoprophylaxis with the help of vaccines are in demand and are intensely developed in the field of biomedicine. Techniques to generate specific single-domain recombinant antibodies (nanobodies) and their derivatives have raised great expectations in the past years. The review considers the recent literature data on the use of nanobodies in basic research, diagnosis, and design of new immunotherapeutic agents. Special sections focus on the prospects of using nanobodies as targeted molecules of microbiota components, the use of anti-idiotypic nanobodies, and a search for promising targets for early diagnosis based on nanobodies.
Priority assignment control of ATM line buffers with multiple QOS classes (1991)

In an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network multimedia environment, the bandwidth efficiency can be improved by defining multiple quality of service (QOS) classes and using a traffic control which manages required QOS of each class individually (QOS control). Priority assignment control is presented as a QOS control method in an ATM switching node. To quantitatively evaluate the control performance, the region determined by the offered load of each class where the QOS requirements of all the classes are satisfied is analytically obtained and various combinations of two classes and related control effects are discussed. When required values of cell loss rate and delay time are both different between the classes, the control effect is large; however, when only either of them is different, the effect is relatively small. The control scheme to enlarge the actual admissible offer load region by adaptively changing the priority assignment ratio is presented and its feasibility is confirmed by the simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Concise Review: MicroRNA Function in Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2013)

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are ideal candidates for different cellular therapies due to their simple isolation, extensive expansion potential, and low immunogenicity. For various therapeutic approaches, such as bone and cartilage repair, MSCs are expected to contribute by direct differentiation to replace the damaged tissue, while many other applications rely on the secretion of paracrine factors which modulate the immune response and promote angiogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which target messenger RNA for cleavage or translational repression, have recently been shown to play critical functions in MSC to regulate differentiation, paracrine activity, and other cellular properties such as proliferation, survival, and migration. The global miRNA expression profile of MSC varies according to the tissue of origin, species, and detection methodology, while also certain miRNAs are consistently found in all types of MSC. The function in MSC of more than 60 different miRNAs has been recently described, which is the subject of this review. A special emphasis is given to miRNAs that have demonstrated a function in MSC in vivo. We also present in detail miRNAs with overlapping effects (i.e., common target genes) and discuss future directions to deepen our understanding of miRNA biology in MSC. These recent discoveries have opened the possibility of modulating miRNAs in MSC, in order to enhance their proregenerative, therapeutic potential.
A 500MHz Random-Access Embedded 1Mb DRAM Macro in Bulk CMOS (2008)

From 90 nm and below, SoC integration is reaching the point where it makes technical and economic sense to integrate embedded DRAM (eDRAM) onto a die. While eDRAMs have 2.5x to 4x density compared to SRAMs and have lower soft-error rate they are slower in operation. In a conventional DRAM with a single column access device for read and write, a write operation is started only after the bitline sense amplifiers are turned on and the bitlines are well on their way to full restoration. This is to avoid destroying data due to premature access to global bitlines in the non-writing columns. This delay in the write operation increases row cycle time to allow the storage node to be fully written. Accelerating write cycle with early access only in the required columns requires a large area penalty because local sense amplifiers in one bank are usually grouped into a large block where all control signals are shared. Also an embedded DRAM in a standard 65 nm twin-tub SOI CMOS process that uses a local sense amplifier with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> sensing and separate ports for read and write, with these operations synchronized with sensing is described. This eDRAM speeds up the row cycle with low area overhead by reducing the number of signals to control the ports and making write and read operations indistinguishable at the bank level.
Inactivation of Bacteria in Flight by Direct Exposure to Nonthermal Plasma (2010)

Plasma treatment is a promising technology for fast and effective sterilization of surfaces, waterflow, and airflow. The treatment of airflow is an important area of healthcare and biodefense that has recently gained the interest of many scientists. In this paper, we describe a dielectric barrier grating discharge (DBGD) which is used to study the inactivation of airborne Escherichia coli inside a closed air circulation system. Earlier published results indicate approximately 5-log reduction (99.999%) in the concentration of the airborne bacteria after single DBGD exposure of 10-s duration. This paper investigates plasma species influencing the inactivation. The two major factors that are studied are the effect of charged and short-lived species (direct exposure to plasma) and the effect of ozone. It is shown that for a 25% reduction in direct exposure, the inactivation falls from 97% to 29% in a single pass through the grating. The influence of ozone was studied by producing ozone remotely with an ozone generator and injecting the same concentration into the system, as that produced by the DBGD plasma. The results show a 10% reduction in the bacterial load after 10-s exposure to ozone; thus, ozone alone may not be one of the major inactivating factors in the plasma.
MICON: a single-board computer synthesis tool (1988)

The MICON system, which synthesizes a single-board computer design from a high-level description of the board's functions and design constraints, is described. The synthesis process is based on designing subsystems (e.g. processor, memory, input/output) individually and then forming a full system design from the results. MICON has the added capability of design for reliability, automatically synthesizing boards that meet given reliability criteria. The quality of the design produced is strongly dependent on the knowledge in the system. In particular, MICON requires capturing and applying design and analysis knowledge in several areas: the selection of appropriate components, the interconnection of components to achieve a desired behavior, and the evaluation of the evolving system design in light of specified constraints. The techniques of representing and using this knowledge are discussed. Design examples are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An example of event-driven asynchronous scheduling with Ada (1990)

The TARTAR CGN-36/NTU Baseline Development Program (CGN-36) required a preemptive scheduling mechanism that was both efficient and compatible with an Ada implementation targeted for the M68020 processor. As a result, CGN-36 developed an event-driven asynchronous scheduling package functioning as an extension of the selected vendor's (Systems Designers (SD)) Ada Run-Time Environment (RTE). This paper describes:Introduction. Why a standard Ada (rendezvous) approach would not work1. Synchronous versus Asynchronous trade-offs2. Design of the event-driven scheduler3. Validation issues4. Timing results5. Porting/Reuse issues6. Lessons learned
PP.01.12 (2015)

Objective: Whether serum triglyceride level correlates with clinical outcomes of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) remains unclear. Design and method: From June 2008 to February 2012, all patients with STEMI who were treated with pPCI in this tertiary referral hospital and then had fasting lipid profiles measured within 24 hours were included and dichotomized into lower- (<= 150 mg/dl) and higher-triglyceridemic (>150 mg/dl) groups. Baseline characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, and late major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were compared in-between. Independent predictors for in-hospital death and late adverse events were identified by multivariate logistic and Cox regression analyses. Results: A total of 247 patients were enrolled, including 163 lower-triglyceridemic and 84 higher-triglyceridemic subjects. The angiographic characteristics, pPCI results and in-hospital outcomes were similar between the two groups. However, multivariate logistic analysis identified triglyceride level as a negative predictor for in-hospital death (OR 0.963, 95% CI 0.931–0.995, p = 0.023). At follow-up for a mean period of 1.23 to 1.40 years, compared with the high-triglyceridemic group, low-triglyceridemic patients had fewer cumulative incidences of target vessel revascularization (TVR) (21.7% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.011) and overall MACE (26.1% vs. 11.9%, p = 0.0137). Cox regression analysis confirmed serum triglyceride as a negative predictor for TVR and overall MACE. Conclusions: Serum triglyceride level inversely correlates with in-hospital death and late outcomes in patients with STEMI treated with pPCI. Thus, when managing such patients, a high serum triglyceride level can be regarded as a benign factor but not a target for aggressive therapy.