gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RhoA Sustains Integrin αIIbβ3Adhesion Contacts under High Shear (2002)

The small GTPase RhoA modulates the adhesive nature of many cell types; however, despite high levels of expression in platelets, there is currently limited evidence for an important role for this small GTPase in regulating platelet adhesion processes. In this study, we have examined the role of RhoA in regulating the adhesive function of the major platelet integrin, alpha(IIb)beta(3). Our studies demonstrate that activation of RhoA occurs as a general feature of platelet activation in response to soluble agonists (thrombin, ADP, collagen), immobilized matrices (von Willebrand factor (vWf), fibrinogen) and high shear stress. Blocking the ligand binding function of integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3), by pretreating platelets with c7E3 Fab, demonstrated the existence of integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3)-dependent and -independent mechanisms regulating RhoA activation. Inhibition of RhoA (C3 exoenzyme) or its downstream effector Rho kinase had no effect on integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation induced by soluble agonists or adhesive substrates, however, both inhibitors reduced shear-dependent platelet adhesion on immobilized vWf and shear-induced platelet aggregation in suspension. Detailed analysis of the sequential adhesive steps required for stable platelet adhesion on a vWf matrix under shear conditions revealed that RhoA did not regulate platelet tethering to vWf or the initial formation of integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) adhesion contacts but played a major role in sustaining stable platelet-matrix interactions. These studies define a critical role for RhoA in regulating the stability of integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) adhesion contacts under conditions of high shear stress.
Regulation of Dendritic Cell Migration by CD74, the MHC Class II-Associated Invariant Chain (2008)

Dendritic cells (DCs) sample peripheral tissues of the body in search of antigens to present to T cells. This requires two processes, antigen processing and cell motility, originally thought to occur independently. We found that the major histocompatibility complex II-associated invariant chain (Ii or CD74), a known regulator of antigen processing, negatively regulates DC motility in vivo. By using microfabricated channels to mimic the confined environment of peripheral tissues, we found that wild-type DCs alternate between high and low motility, whereas Ii-deficient cells moved in a faster and more uniform manner. The regulation of cell motility by Ii depended on the actin-based motor protein myosin II. Coupling antigen processing and cell motility may enable DCs to more efficiently detect and process antigens within a defined space.
Conformationally Restricted TRH Analogs:  The Compatibility of a 6,5-Bicyclic Lactam-Based Mimetic with Binding to TRH-R (1996)

A pair of conformationally restricted TRH analogs have been synthesized. Both analogs have the central histidine of TRH replaced by a cyclohexylalanine unit, and both analogs contain a 6,5-bicyclic lactam ring fusing the proline peptide bond into a trans conformation. The analogs differ at the bridgehead stereocenter. The synthesis of the analogs utilized an anodic amide oxidation reaction to selectively functionalize a proline derivative and a titanium tetrachloride-initiated cyclization−rearrangement sequence to assemble the desired bicyclic ring skeleton. The analogs were compared with the unrestricted cyclohexyalanine-containing TRH analog (cyclohexyl-Ala2-TRH) in order to determine how the added lactam ring affected the affinity and the potency of the analog for TRH-R. Both the affinity and potency of the restricted analogs were found to be critically dependent on the bridgehead stereochemistry of the bicyclic ring. The analog having R stereochemistry at the bridgehead was 478 times more potent than the S isomer. In addition, the R isomer was found to be approximately 4.7 times more potent than its unrestricted counterpart. Similarly, the R isomer was found to have an affinity for TRH-R that was approximately 3.4 times the affinity of the unrestricted cyclohexyl-Ala2-TRH.
Can Tactile Stimuli Be Subitised? An Unresolved Controversy within the Literature on Numerosity Judgments (2008)

There is a growing interest in the question whether the phenomenon of subitising (fast and accurate detection of fewer than 4-5 stimuli presented simultaneously), widely thought to affect numerosity judgments in vision, can also affect the processing of tactile stimuli. In a recent study, in which multiple tactile stimuli were simultaneously presented across the body surface, Gallace et al (2006 Perception 35 247-266) concluded that tactile stimuli cannot be subitised. By contrast, Riggs et al (2006 Psychological Science 17 271 275), who presented tactile stimuli to participants' fingertips, came to precisely the opposite conclusion, arguing instead that subitising does occur in touch. Here, we re-analyse the data from both studies using more powerful statistical procedures. We show that Riggs et al's error data do not offer strong support for the subitising account and, what is more, Gallace et al's data are not entirely compatible with a linear model account of numerosity judgments in humans either. We then report an experiment in which we compare numerosity judgments for stimuli presented on the fingertips with those for stimuli presented on the rest of the body surface. The results show no major differences between the fingers and the rest of the body, and an absence of subitising in either condition. On the basis of these observations, we discuss whether the purported existence of subitisation in touch reflects a genuine cognitive phenomenon, or whether, instead, it may reflect a bias in the interpretation of the particular psychometric functions that happen to have been chosen by researchers to fit their data.
Associative dynamics in chaotic neural networks (1991)

The authors apply a model of a chaotic neural network composed of neuron models with chaotic dynamics to associative memory, the stored patterns of which are mutually orthogonal, and analyze its dynamical behavior quantitatively. In order to clarify the chaotic dynamics, they calculate the Lyapunov spectrum, the temporal changes of the distance between the output pattern of the chaotic neural network and the stored patterns, and the local divergence rate. It is demonstrated that dynamical associative memory can be realized with the chaotic neural network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An advanced network visualization system for financial crime detection (2011)

We present a new system, VISFAN, for the visual analysis of financial activity networks. It supports the analyst with effective tools to discover financial crimes, like money laundering and frauds. If compared with other existing systems and methodologies for the analysis of criminal networks, VISFAN presents the following main novelties: (i) It combines bottom-up and top-down interaction paradigms for the visual exploration of complex networks; (ii) It makes it possible to mix automatic and manual clustering; (iii) It allows the analyst to interactively customize the dimensions of each cluster region and to apply different geometric constraints on the layout. VISFAN also implements several tools for social network analysis other than clustering. For example, it computes several indices to measure the centrality of each actor in the network.
Low-density parity-check coding for impulse noise correction on power-line channels (2005)

This paper considers the design of near capacity-achieving error correcting codes for a discrete multi-tone system in the presence of both additive white Gaussian noise and impulse noise. Impulse noise is one of the main channel impairments in the power-line channel. One way to combat impulse noise is to detect the presence of the impulses and to declare an erasure when an impulse occurs. In this paper, we propose a coding system based on irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and bit-interleaved coded modulation. We show that by carefully choosing the degree distribution of the irregular LDPC code, both the additive noise and the erasures can be handled in a single code. We show that the proposed system can perform close to the capacity of the channel and for the same redundancy is significantly more immune to the impulse noise than the existing methods based on an outer Reed-Solomon code.
T cell receptor-mediated negative selection of autoreactive T lymphocyte precursors occurs after commitment to the CD4 or CD8 lineages. (1990)

To identify the maturational stage(s) during which T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated positive and negative selection occurs, we followed the development of CD4+8- and CD4-8+ T cells from TCRlo CD4+8+ thymic blasts in the presence of different positive and negative selecting (major histocompatibility complex or Mls) elements. We describe novel lineage-committed transitional intermediates that are TCRmed CD4+8lo or TCRmed CD4lo8+, and that show evidence of having been positively selected. Furthermore, negative selection is not evident until after cells have attained one of the TCRmed transitional phenotypes. Accordingly, we propose that negative selection in normal mice occurs only after TCRlo CD4+8+ precursors have been positively selected into either the CD4 or CD8 lineage.
Quantitative Detection of Human Tumor Necrosis Factor α by a Resonance Raman Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (2010)

Tumor necrosis factor α is an inflammatory cytokine which has been linked with many infectious and inflammatory diseases. Detection and quantification of this key biomarker is commonly achieved by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This fundamental technique uses the spectroscopic detection of a chromogen such as 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), bound to the detection antibody, catalyzes the oxidation of TMB by hydrogen peroxide to generate colored products which may be measured spectrophotometrically. In this study we have used a conventional ELISA kit and shown that, by replacing the traditional colorimetric detection with resonance Raman spectroscopy, we can achieve 50 times lower detection limits and the potential for multiplexed analysis is increased. In this approach, the laser wavelength was tuned to be in resonance with an electronic transition of the oxidized TMB. The relative intensity of the enhanced Raman bands is proportional to the amount of TMB, thus providing a means of improved quantification. Furthermore, TMB is one of the most widely used chromogenic substrates for HRP-based detection and commercial ELISA test kits, indicating that this detection technique is applicable to a large number of target analytes.
Soft optoelectronic sensory foams with proprioception (2018)

In a step toward soft robot proprioception, and therefore better control, this paper presents an internally illuminated elastomer foam that has been trained to detect its own deformation through machine learning techniques. Optical fibers transmitted light into the foam and simultaneously received diffuse waves from internal reflection. The diffuse reflected light was interpreted by machine learning techniques to predict whether the foam was twisted clockwise, twisted counterclockwise, bent up, or bent down. Machine learning techniques were also used to predict the magnitude of the deformation type. On new data points, the model predicted the type of deformation with 100% accuracy and the magnitude of the deformation with a mean absolute error of 0.06°. This capability may impart soft robots with more complete proprioception, enabling them to be reliably controlled and responsive to external stimuli.
Pricing the Cloud (2016)

Current cloud pricing schemes are fairly simple, but what's the future of cloud pricing? Here, the authors discuss the economic issues shaping the cloud marketplace and address the open questions these issues yield. They then explore what the current state of research in economics and computer science has to say about some of these questions and how this relates to the future evolution of cloud pricing.
Efficient inference with cardinality-based clique potentials (2007)

Many collective labeling tasks require inference on graphical models where the clique potentials depend only on the number of nodes that get a particular label. We design efficient inference algorithms for various families of such potentials. Our algorithms are exact for arbitrary cardinality-based clique potentials on binary labels and for max-like and majority-like clique potentials on multiple labels. Moving towards more complex potentials, we show that inference becomes NP-hard even on cliques with homogeneous Potts potentials. We present a 13/15-approximation algorithm with runtime sub-quadratic in the clique size. In contrast, the best known previous guarantee for graphs with Potts potentials is only 0.5. We perform empirical comparisons on real and synthetic data, and show that our proposed methods are an order of magnitude faster than the well-known Tree-based re-parameterization (TRW) and graph-cut algorithms.
Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 by Annexin V in Differentiated Permeabilized HL-60 Cells (1997)

Annexin V belongs to a family of proteins that interact with phospholipids in a Ca2+-dependent manner. This protein has been demonstrated to have anti-phospholipase A2 activity. However, this effect has never yet been reported with the 85-kDa cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2). We studied, in a model of differentiated and streptolysin O-permeabilized HL-60 cells, the effect of annexin V on cPLA2 activity after stimulation by calcium, GTPgammaS (guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)), formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Both recombinant and human placental purified annexin V inhibit cPLA2 activity whatever the stimulus used. The decrease of arachidonic acid release is of 40 and 50%, respectively, at [Ca2+] of 3 and 10 microM. The mechanism of inhibition was also analyzed. cPLA2 requires calcium and protein kinase C (PKC) or mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation for its activation. As annexin V was shown to be an endogenous inhibitor of PKC, PKC-stimulated cPLA2 activity was analyzed. Using GF109203x, a specific PKC inhibitor, we demonstrated that this pathway is of minor importance in our model. cPLA2 inhibition by annexin V is not linked to PKC inhibition. To test the hypothesis of phospholipid depletion, mutants of annexin V were constructed using mutagenesis directed to Ca2+ site. We demonstrate that the Ca2+ site located in domain I is necessary for the inhibitory effect of annexin V on cPLA2 activity. The site in domain IV is also involved but with less efficiency. In contrast, mutations in site II and III do not modify this effect. Moreover, annexin V mutated on all sites does not inhibit cPLA2. Thus, we propose a predominant role of module (I/IV) in the biological action of annexin V, which, in physiological conditions, may control cPLA2 activity by depletion of the phospholipid substrate.
Optimum Generation Control in Wind Parks When Carrying Out System Operator Requests (2006)

This paper proposes an optimized dispatch control strategy for active and reactive powers delivered by a doubly fed induction generator in a wind park. In this control approach, wind turbines are supposed to operate over a deloaded maximum power extraction curve and will respond to a supervisory wind farm control after a request from a system operator for adjusting the outputs of the wind park. The definition of the active and reactive powers operating points, for each wind turbine, is defined from an optimization algorithm that uses the primal-dual predictor corrector interior point method. The control strategy used at the wind generator level exploits a combination of pitch control and control of the static converters to adjust the rotor speed for the required operation points. A small wind park is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed approach.
On the Effect of Swirl Flow of Gas Turbine Exhaust Gas in an Inlet Duct of Heat Recovery Steam Generator (2002)

Computational and experimental studies are performed to investigate the effect of swirl flow of gas turbine exhaust gas (GTEG) in an inlet duct of a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). A supplemental-fired HRSG is chosen as the model studied because the uniformity of the GTEG at the inlet plane of the duct burner is essential in such applications. Both velocity and oxygen distributions are investigated at the inlet plane of the duct burner installed in the middle of the HRSG transition duct. Two important parameters, the swirl angle of GTEG and the momentum ratio of additional air to GTEG, are chosen for the investigation of mixing between the two streams. It has been found that a flow correction device (FCD) is essential to provide a uniform gas flow distribution at the inlet plane of the duct burner.
Responses and molecular markers in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma treated on a phase II trial of depsipeptide, FK228 (2005)

3061 Background: The histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) are a class of differentiating agents undergoing clinical testing. Depsipeptide, FK228 (Gloucester and Fujisawa Pharmaceuticals), is an HDI with potent cytotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo and clinical activity in patients with T-cell lymphoma. Based on these observations, we are conducting a multi-institutional phase II trial for patients with cutaneous and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Methods: Forty-nine patients have been enrolled into 4 cohorts distinguished by tumor histology and prior therapy. Depsipeptide is administered as a 4 hr infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28 d cycle with a starting dose of 14mg/m2. Responses in PTCL are measured using the Cheson criteria. Results: Responses have been observed in 5 of 19 patients enrolled with relapsed or refractory PTCL at the NCI. Complete responses were observed in 2 patients; one in a patient with PTCL, unspecified, and anther with ALK-/CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Partial responses in 3 patients were observed; 2 with PTCL, unspecified, and another with enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. One patient recently enrolled with PTCL, unspecified, has completed 3 cycles with reduction of lesions on follow-up CT scan, that have not reached criteria for PR. Durations of response range from 8–14 months, with one patient continuing in CR at 14 months. Of these 19 patients, 5 had previously undergone autologous stem cell transplant, 2 of whom achieved a response with depsipeptide. Tumor cells were detected in the circulation of 7 patients and 2 had bone marrow involvement. Increased histone H3 acetylation has been observed by immuno-dot blot assay using GAPDH as a control in peripheral mononuclear cells obtained 4 or 24 hrs after initiation of treatment. Inductions ranging from 2 to 14-fold were observed in samples obtained from 10 of 14 patients. Conclusions: Depsipeptide as a single agent appears to have significant activity in patients with PTCL and combination therapy with depsipeptide should be pursued for this disease. All 4 cohorts remain open to accrual at the NCI and extramural sites. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Processing and analysis of cardiac optical mapping data obtained with potentiometric dyes (2012)

Optical mapping has become an increasingly important tool to study cardiac electrophysiology in the past 20 years. Multiple methods are used to process and analyze cardiac optical mapping data, and no consensus currently exists regarding the optimum methods. The specific methods chosen to process optical mapping data are important because inappropriate data processing can affect the content of the data and thus alter the conclusions of the studies. Details of the different steps in processing optical imaging data, including image segmentation, spatial filtering, temporal filtering, and baseline drift removal, are provided in this review. We also provide descriptions of the common analyses performed on data obtained from cardiac optical imaging, including activation mapping, action potential duration mapping, repolarization mapping, conduction velocity measurements, and optical action potential upstroke analysis. Optical mapping is often used to study complex arrhythmias, and we also discuss dominant frequency analysis and phase mapping techniques used for the analysis of cardiac fibrillation.
Contact resistance degradation in z-axis connectors operated at burn-in temperatures (2002)

Elevated temperature tests were performed on molybdenum wire button z-axis socket assemblies in an effort to develop and qualify a high footprint density burn-in socket for pinless modules. Stress tests were performed at 200/spl deg/C, with periodic mating and unmating of the substrate from the socket. These tests revealed that after 172 hours of stress, the mean contact resistance increased by over an order of magnitude. Individual measurements of the stressed circuit board, socket and substrate revealed that the substrate contributed the majority of the observed resistance increase and that the degradation was due to diffusion and oxidation of the Cr/Cu/Ni/Au pad metallurgy on the pinless ceramic substrates. The resistance contributions of the socket and circuit board pads were also analyzed and various wire button contact metallurgies were evaluated in order to minimize their role in the degradation. Overall, this work demonstrates the importance of maintaining the integrity of all metallurgical interfaces when using z-axis interconnects at elevated temperatures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Serum keratan sulfate levels in osteoarthritis patients (1988)

Serum levels of keratan sulfate (KS), measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent-inhibition assay, were found to be significantly higher in 31 patients with hypertrophic osteoarthritis (OA) than those in 41 adults without joint disease. Seventy-seven percent of patients with OA, but only 12% of control subjects, had serum levels which were more than 1 SD above the mean of the control group. Following replacement of a single osteoarthritic hip joint, serum KS levels decreased, at first, in all patients. Subsequently, the concentration of serum KS progressively increased; 6 months following surgery, KS levels were similar or close to the preoperative levels in virtually all patients. The results suggest that patients with hypertrophic OA may have a generalized imbalance of cartilage proteoglycan metabolism. Measurements of serum KS are likely to prove most useful in studying this particular subset of patients with generalized OA.