gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
acr-16 Encodes an Essential Subunit of the Levamisole-resistant Nicotinic Receptor at the Caenorhabditis elegans Neuromuscular Junction (2005)

The Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junction (NMJ) contains three pharmacologically distinct ionotropic receptors: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, levamisole-sensitive nicotinic receptors, and levamisole-insensitive nicotinic receptors. The subunit compositions of the gamma-aminobutyric acid- and levamisole-sensitive receptors have been elucidated, but the levamisole-insensitive acetylcholine receptor is uncharacterized. To determine which of the approximately 40 putative nicotinic receptor subunit genes in the C. elegans genome encodes the levamisole-resistant receptor, we utilized MAPCeL, a microarray profiling strategy. Of seven nicotinic receptor subunit transcripts found to be enriched in muscle, five encode the levamisole receptor subunits, leaving two candidates for the levamisole-insensitive receptor: acr-8 and acr-16. Electrophysiological analysis of the acr-16 deletion mutant showed that the levamisole-insensitive muscle acetylcholine current was eliminated, whereas deletion of acr-8 had no effect. These data suggest that ACR-16, like its closest vertebrate homolog, the nicotinic receptor alpha7-subunit, may form homomeric receptors in vivo. Genetic ablation of both the levamisole-sensitive receptor and acr-16 abolished all cholinergic synaptic currents at the NMJ and severely impaired C. elegans locomotion. Therefore, ACR-16-containing receptors account for all non-levamisole-sensitive nicotinic synaptic signaling at the C. elegans NMJ. The determination of subunit composition for all three C. elegans body wall muscle ionotropic receptors provides a critical foundation for future research at this tractable model synapse.
CSM: A Framework of Recommendation System Combining Network Structure and Messages (2011)

The evolving of Internet technology allows people to communicate even they are far away from each other. More and more people share information and exchange their thoughts via the communities on the websites and become friends. A larger community usually attracts more users. Therefore, how to enhance the development of a social network on the website is an important issue for the survival of a website. In this paper, we combine the social network features into the recommendation system. In addition to messages between nodes, the features of network structure are taken into consideration. Experimental results show that the recommendation accuracy of our method is higher than the existing method which is based on the message ratio.
Reactive ion etching for failure analysis applications (1992)

An attempt to develop and to optimize reactive ion etch processes for failure analysis applications is discussed. Reactive ion etching (RIE) provides several advantages over wet and plasma etching. Delayering of interlevel dielectric and passivation films with RIE results in anisotropic sidewalls. This insures that no metal is lifted, allowing mechanical and contactless multilevel probing. By adjusting process parameters, a wider range of selectivity to underlying films was realized than with either traditional wet or plasma etching. The results obtained with polysilicon, silicon dioxide, and organic passivation films are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synergistic Angiogenic Effect of Codelivering Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor from Fibrin Scaffolds and Bone Marrow Transplantation in Critical Limb Ischemia (2010)

Increasing evidence suggests that therapeutic angiogenesis strategies utilizing cytokines and stem cells are necessary to treat traumatic vascular events such as critical limb ischemia and peripheral artery disease. In this study, basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were immobilized in fibrin matrices and codelivered in combination with unfractionated bone marrow cells. Hindlimb ischemia was induced on young (6–7 weeks) Balb/C mice, and fibrin gels containing 100 ng/mL of FGF-2 and G-CSF were implanted adjacent to the ligation points. In addition, 1 × 106 bone marrow (BM) cells were injected into five locations in the ischemic muscle immediately after ligation and artery excision. Hindlimb reperfusion was determined by Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging and immunohistochemistry for CD31+ and smooth muscle actin-positive cells at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postsurgery to identify capillary formation and maturation. A fluorescent vessel painting technique was also utilized to determine the extent of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in the hindlimb at 8 weeks postsurgery. The codelivery of FGF-2 and G-CSF in combination with BM cells led to enhanced therapeutic recovery in critical limb ischemia Balb/C mice after 8 weeks of treatment with 87.2% blood flow recovery and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in capillary formation in comparison to growth factor delivery or BM cell administration alone.
Regulation of Type III Secretion Hierarchy of Translocators and Effectors in Attaching and Effacing Bacterial Pathogens (2005)

Human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), and the mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium (CR) belong to the family of attaching and effacing (A/E) bacterial pathogens. They possess the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, which encodes a type III secretion system. These pathogens secrete a number of proteins into culture media, including type III effector proteins and translocators that are required for the translocation of effectors into host cells. Preliminary evidence indicated that the LEE-encoded SepL and Rorf6/SepD may form a molecular switch that controls the secretion of translocators and effectors in CR. Here, we show that SepL and SepD indeed perform this function in A/E pathogens such as EHEC and EPEC. Their sepL and sepD mutants do not secrete translocators but exhibit enhanced secretion of effectors. We demonstrate that SepL and SepD interact with each other and that both SepL and SepD are localized to the bacterial membranes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that culture media influence the type III secretion profile of EHEC, EPEC, and CR and that low-calcium concentrations inhibit secretion of translocators but promote the secretion of effectors, similar to effects on type III secretion by mutations in sepL and sepD. However, the secretion profile of the sepD and sepL mutants is not affected by these culture conditions. Collectively, our results suggest that SepL and SepD not only are necessary for efficient translocator secretion in A/E pathogens but also control a switch from translocator to effector secretion by sensing certain environmental signals such as low calcium.
Identification of desmoglein, a constitutive desmosomal glycoprotein, as a member of the cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules. (1990)

Monoclonal antibodies to the constitutive desmosomal glycoprotein desmoglein were characterized whose epitopes are located intracellularly, i.e., in the cytoplasmic portion of this molecule, and contribute to the structure of the desmosomal plaque. Using one of these antibodies (DG3.10), a peptide was isolated from a proteolytic digest of desmoglein purified from isolated bovine muzzle demosomes, and its amino acid sequence was determined. In comparisons of this sequence with the amino acid sequence of desmoglein as deduced from the sequence of cDNA clones from the same tissue, encompassing most of approximately 7.6 kb mRNA and the complete coding region of 959 residues (calculated molecular weight approximately 102,400), the DG3.10 epitope was identified in a region starting 163 amino acids before the carboxy terminus in the first of four consecutive repeats of a homologous element of 29 +/- 1 amino acids. This topological information, together with the identification of a single hydrophobic region of sufficient length to provide a transmembrane segment and of several extended regions showing high sequence homology to various cadherins, has allowed the construction of a model of the molecular organization of desmoglein. We conclude that desmoglein is a member of the cadherin family of cell adhesion glycoproteins which is characterized by an unusually long cytoplasmic domain which exceeds those of the cadherins by more than 275 amino acids, contains special repetitive elements and spans the desmosomal plaque at least once.
Region-based wavelet compression for very low bit rate video coding (2002)

We present a region-based wavelet compression method for encoding video sequences at very low bit rates suitable for videophone applications. By selectively coding texture information in the regions of interest, we avoid spending bits in the unimportant regions and improve video quality. The embedded zerotree wavelet algorithm is extended to efficiently represent the wavelet coefficients within the regions of interest while exploiting redundancy between subbands. The locations of the regions of interest are selected during the motion estimation process and are transmitted as part of the macroblock type. This technique can provide better quality compared to the new H.263 videophone compression standard. This technique was also incorporated in a more general object-based compression scheme which obtained high scores during the recent MPEG-4 subjective quality evaluations.
Low-mass muscle actuators using electroactive polymers (EAP) (1998)

NASA is seeking to reduce the mass, size, consumed power, and cost of the instrumentation used in its future missions. An important element of many instruments and devices is the actuation mechanism and electroactive polymers offer an effective alternative to current actuators. In this study, two families of electroactive polymer materials were investigated, including bending ionomers and longitudinal electrostatically driven elastomers. These materials were demonstrated to effectively actuate manipulation devices and their performance is being enhanced in this on-going study. The recent observations are reported in this paper, which also include cryovac tests at conditions that simulate Mars environment. Tests at T = -140°C and P ~ 1 Torr, which are below Mars conditions, showed that the bending actuator was still responding with a measurable actuation displacement. Analysis of the electrical characteristics of the ionomer showed that it is a current driven material rather than voltage driven. Measurements of transient currents in response to a voltage step shows a time constant on the order of few seconds with a response speed that is enhanced with the decrease in drive voltage. The ionomer main limitation is its requirement for being continuously moist. Tests showed that while the performance degrades as the material becomes dry, its AC impedance increases, reaching an order of magnitude higher than the wet ionomer. This response provides a gauging indication of the material wetness status. Methods of forming the equivalent of a skin to protect the moisture content of the ionomer are being sought and a limited success was observed using thick platinum electroding as well as when using polymeric coating.
INTERTEXTUAL RELATION FOR THE CREATION OF FASHION CONTENTS (2012)

The objective of this study is to highlight the interference of information technology for the fashion creation. Fashion is no longer a content specific of designers or expert journalists, being resistant to the language reduction system The technological interference in the image of fashion allowed a broad interchange of signs orchestrated by different people and backgrounds. Digital photography and blogs expanded relations between fashion (creation and content) and street trends (authorial consumption) where idea and experience assume a creative value of market (Future Concept Lab). This intertextual relation between fashion creation and information of its contents has established a network of associations from which it feeds an aesthetic system that changes the issue of authorship (creation) and property (information). Fashion creation and production are in web pages in order to allow a creative movement out of ateliers and fashion publishing to democratize the structure of a very elitist market until then. The fashion world designed by good designers and described by powerful editors (Matharu, 2011) has received new participants that have brought different perceptions on culture, aesthetics, and identity. Major corporate brands need to interact with an opinion production and content that are out of the industrial axis and market -at the same time independent and free to provide feedback and set new standards of value. Thus, we understand that the conflict is set between the new content production model related to the old-fashioned system of fashion production. We will try to clarify this issue from this paper.
Main chain thermotropic polyesters having flexible spacers—influence of ester group linking order between mesogenic unit and flexible spacer (1990)

Abstract Two series of main chain thermotropic polyesters having a decamethylene spacer were prepared and their thermal transitions and liquid crystalline properties were studied. The linking sequence of the ester bond between the mesogenic unit and spacer, i.e., versus with M and S being mesogenic unit and spacer, respectively, was found to influence profoundly the nature of the mesophase formed by the polymers. The former favors the formation of a smectic phase, while the latter favors the formation of a nematic phase. The structure of the central dicarboxylic acid moiety of the triester mesogenic units also was found to influence greatly the polymer's ability to form mesophases.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Magnetic and Mechanical Properties of an Iron-Cobalt-Vanadium-Niobium Alloy (2001)

Iron-cobalt-vanadium alloys can be processed to have excellent soft magnetic properties for use in high performance power generation applications such as the rotors and stators of aircraft integrated power units. These soft magnetic properties are, however, developed at the expense of mechanical strength and toughness. Small additions of niobium are reported to increase the strength of these Fe-Co-V alloys. This study evaluates the effects of heat treatment on the mechanical and magnetic properties of heavily cold work strip of a 48 wt. % iron-48 wt. % cobalt-2 wt. % vanadium alloy with a 0.3 wt. % addition of niobium. For heat treatments between 640 and 740°C for 1 hour the tensile and yield strengths and ductility of the alloy were all found to be superior to a similar alloy found in the literature without the addition of Nb and processed in a similar manner. Magnetic permeability, remnant induction, saturation induction, coercivity and core loss were only slightly degraded at all annealing temperatures when compared with the non-niobium containing alloy. All properties were shown to depend primarily on degree of recrystallization of the sample, which was found to fully recrystallize between 720 and 740 °C for 1 hour anneals. No significant change in measured properties were found when annealing time was increased to 2 hours. Full
Radio-frequency sputtered NiFe films on Au (1980)

The coercivity of rf-sputtered thick NiFe films (≳0.3 μm) on thick gold (≳0.3 μm) is generally lower than in films deposited by thermal evaportion. Especially low values of coercivity (Hc?0.7 Oe) are obtained in NiFe films on gold conductors which are deposited onto thin adhesive layers of refractory metals having lattice parameters around 3 Å. For a given NiFe film thickness, the coercivity is found to decrease with increasing gold thickness up to 1 μm in sharp contrast to evaporated films.
Comparison of two methods for the estimation of greenhouse gas flux from rice ecosystems in India (2012)

In India the greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural field are mainly measured by conventional closed chamber (CCC) method. An experiment was conducted to compare the methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) flux from rice fields using the CCC method and the modified closed chamber (MCC) method. The air-circulatory pump and Tedler® sampling bag in the CCC method were replaced with a power supply (18 V) and three-way valve attached glass syringe, respectively, to reduce the operational cost and ensure safe transportation of samples to the laboratory for analysis. The experiment was conducted under irrigated, upland and deepwater rice growing ecosystems in Odisha, India. The study demonstrates that there was no significant difference in the CH4 and N2O flux measured with the CCC and MCC methods throughout the rice growing season under irrigated condition. However, in the upland rice ecosystem, significantly higher CH4 flux was recorded with the MCC method during maximum tillering stage of rice. N2O flux was recorded higher in deepwater rice ecosystem during the maximum tillering stage with the MCC method. These maybe attributed to high spatial variability of CH4 flux from upland area and higher dissolve rate of N2O in water. As the study has recorded no significant differences in CH4 and N2O emissions measurement using the two methods from different rice growing environments during most of the crop growth stages, the cost-effective MCC method maybe used for large-scale field sampling.
Taxonomic Studies of Phialophora (1973)

SUMMARYSix common wood-inhabiting species of Phialophora Medlar associated with “blueing” of softwoods and some hardwoods in North America are described in culture, including one new species, P. botulispora. A generic concept based on examinations of type material and living cultures is presented. This concept is compared with that adopted in previous taxonomic studies of Phialophora.
A 4.4-ns CMOS 54×54-b multiplier using pass-transistor multiplexer (2002)

A 54/spl times/54-b multiplier using pass-transistor multiplexer has been fabricated by 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. To enhance the speed performance, a new 4-2 compressor and a carry look-ahead adder (CLA) both featuring the use of pass-transistor multiplexers have been developed. The new circuits have a speed advantage over conventional CMOS circuits because the number of critical-path gate stages is minimized due to the high logic functionality of pass-transistor multiplexers. The active size of the 54/spl times/54-b multiplier is 3.77 mm/spl times/3.41 mm. The multiplication time is 4.4 ns at 2.5 V power supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Flash memories: the best of two worlds (1989)

The use of flash memories, which are based on the technology of either erasable programmable ROMs (EPROMs) or electrically erasable programmable ROMs (EEPROMs), as an alternative to both of the latter is discussed. Their properties are compared to those of EPROMs and EEPROMs. Quality and reliability issues are considered. The future of all three memory types is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adjustable speed control of ultrasonic motors by adaptive control (1995)

The driving principle of the ultrasonic motor (USM) is different from those of the electro-magnetic type motors. Some mathematical models for the USM have been reported; however, these models are very complex to apply for speed control of the USM. Therefore, the speed controllers have been designed using PI controllers or fuzzy controllers and it is necessary to develop a simple and convenient mathematical model for the USM in order to achieve a high-performance speed control. In this paper, a mathematical model for the USM is proposed which is simple and useful for speed control. The speed controller is designed based on the model using adaptive control theory. Adaptive control is attractive for control of the USM because the speed characteristics of the USM vary with drive conditions. The application of this control scheme to speed control for the USM is attempted first. The effectiveness of proposed control is demonstrated by experimental.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cloning and Expression of the<i>Escherichia coli</i>K1 Outer Membrane Protein A Receptor, a gp96 Homologue (2003)

Escherichia coli is one of the most common gram-negative bacteria that cause meningitis in neonates. Our previous studies have shown that outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of E. coli interacts with a 95-kDa human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) glycoprotein, Ecgp, for invasion. Here, we report the identification of a gene that encodes Ecgp by screening of an HBMEC cDNA expression library as well as by 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The sequence of the Ecgp gene shows that it is highly similar to gp96, a tumor rejection antigen-1, and contains an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal, KDEL. Overexpression of either Ecgp or gp96 in both HBMECs and CHO cells increases E. coli binding and invasion. We further show that Ecgp gene-transfected HBMECs express Ecgp on the cell surface despite the presence of the KDEL motif. Northern blot analysis of total RNA from various eukaryotic cells indicates that Ecgp is significantly expressed in HBMECs. Recombinant His-tagged Ecgp blocked E. coli invasion efficiently by binding directly to the bacteria. These results suggest that OmpA of E. coli K1 interacts with a gp96-like molecule on HBMECs for invasion.
Induction of Systemic Resistance in Cucumber Against Cucumber Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (1997)

Journal Article Induction of Systemic Resistance in Cucumber Against Cucumber Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Get access Geoffrey Zehnder, Geoffrey Zehnder Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph Kloepper, Joseph Kloepper Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Changbin Yao, Changbin Yao Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gang Wei Gang Wei Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 90, Issue 2, 1 April 1997, Pages 391–396, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/90.2.391 Published: 01 April 1997 Article history Received: 11 June 1996 Accepted: 28 October 1996 Published: 01 April 1997
Composition of Milks of Dairy Cattle. I. Protein, Lactose, and Fat Contents and Distribution of Protein Fraction (1975)

Milks from commercial dairy herds in Southeastern Pennsylvania were analyzed for total protein, casein, whey protein, beta-lactoglobulin, nonprotein nitrogen, and lactose contents. Data for fat contents and milk yields were from Dairy Herd Improvement Association records for the same lactation. Milk samples were from a single milking of healthy cows (151) in midlactation. Since the remainder of the milk was returned to the bulk milk of the farm, the data represent market milk composition. The data were grouped and analyzed by breed and beta-lactoglobulin phenotype; there were 18 to 33 cows per breed. In true protein percentage, the breeds ranked: Jersey 4.07 plus or minus .49, Brown Swiss 3.84 plus or minus .47, Guernsey 3.56 plus or minus .53, Ayrshire 3.30 plus or minus .52, Milking Shorthorn 3.17 plus or minus .47, Holstein 3.07 plus or minus .43. Breeds differed in all other components and in milk yield. Brown Swiss ranked highest in yield of protein. Only whey protein and beta-lactoglobulin contents were influenced by the beta-lactoglobulin genotype with beta-lactoglobulin A greater than AB greater than B in whey protein content.