gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lessons at the roadside (2004)

Architects should learn to communicate more through their architecture. The commercial vernacular architecture of the American ‘strip’ – motels, gas stations, fast food outlets – communicates loud and clear. In comparison, high architecture, particularly the high architecture of Modernism, is sullen and silent. This, roughly, is the thesis of Learning from Las Vegas by Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown and Stephen Izenour (1972 and 1977), one of the key texts of the Post-Modernist movement in architectural theory of the early 1970s. Venturi et al thought architects could learn a lot about symbolism and communication from the sort of non-judgmental study of roadside architecture that their students had undertaken at Yale. In the second half of the book the idea was developed into a theory and encapsulated into a universal building concept, ‘the decorated shed’, which has since become a cliché of architectural criticism. The decorated shed was designed to overthrow the most cherished beliefs and rituals of Modernism. Expression through form was to be replaced by the ‘persuasive heraldry’ of the totem and the billboard; articulation of detail was to be replaced by old-fashioned applied ornament; and the ‘heroic and original’ was to be replaced by the ‘ugly and ordinary’. But the emphasis was on the decoration rather than the shed. Learning from Las Vegas did not have much to say about the way that the sheds of the commercial strip were constructed, other than describing them vaguely as ‘system built’, or about the implications that the technology of their construction might have for architectural practice.
Study on the relationship between the third molar and malocclusion (2007)

Objective To study the relationship between the third molar and malocclusion. Methods It was studied panoramic radiograph,cephalogram and record model of 350 patients (male 156, female194) from the orthodontic whose ages were 12～18 yearsdd. Results There was significant difference between the congenitally missing M3 and the crowding(P0.05). And the crowding was the most in malocclusions. There was significant difference between the congenitally missing M3 and the spacing (P0.05). There was no significant difference between the congenitally missing M3 and every skeletal classification(P0.05). But the patients of class Ⅲ were more congenitally missing upper M3. The patients of class Ⅱ were more congenitally missing lower M3. The ratio of classⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ was in 58.3%、26.6%、15.1%. Conclusion The congenitally missing M3 was more in the spacing malocclusion than the other malocclusion. The crowding malocclusion was more in presence M3 than the congenitally missing M3. There were correction between class Ⅱ/Ⅲ and congenitally missing M3 in lower/upper.
Evaluating the role of scratchpad memories in chip multiprocessors for sparse matrix computations (2008)

Scratchpad memories (SPMs) have been shown to be more energy efficient and have faster access times than traditional hardware-managed caches. This, coupled with the predictability of data presence, makes SPMs an attractive alternative to cache for many scientific applications. In this work, we consider an SPM based system for increasing the performance and the energy efficiency of sparse matrix-vector multiplication on a chip multi-processor. We ensure the efficient utilization of the SPM by profiling the application for the data structures which do not perform well in traditional cache. We evaluate the impact of using an SPM at all levels of the on-chip memory hierarchy. Our experimental results show an average increase in performance by 13.5-15% and an average decrease in the energy consumption by 28-33% on an 8-core system depending on which level of the hierarchy the SPM is utilized.
Synthesis of 4-Oxoaldehydes by the Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Promoted Oxidative Addition of Trimethylsilyl Enol Ethers to Ethyl Vinyl Ether (1990)

A variety of 3,4-disubstituted 4-oxoaldehydes can be prepared, in 54-80% yield, by the oxidative addition of 1,2-disubstituted trimethylsilyl enol ethers to ethyl vinyl ether promoted by cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate.
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of a lotion containing triethyl citrate and ethyl linoleate in the treatment of acne vulgaris (2007)

Acne vulgaris is a major clinical problem; despite a vast array of treatment modalities available for acne, there is considerable dissatisfaction in acne treatment among patients and doctors. Rising antibiotic drug resistance consequent to the widespread use of topical antibiotics is causing concern and effective nonantibiotic treatments are needed.To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a novel lotion containing triethyl citrate and ethyl linoleate in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris.This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study comparing the active lotion containing triethyl citrate and ethyl linoleate with its vehicle as a placebo control. Patients were assessed by the modified Leeds acne grading system as well as by counting inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions on the face at weeks 0, 4, 8 and 12. Sebum production was assessed by the Sebutape method at weeks 0 and 12. All adverse events were recorded.Forty patients were recruited into the study, of whom 33 completed the study. Active treatment was statistically superior to placebo in reduction of Leeds grading and total, inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts. The active lotion showed a rapid response with obvious reduction in lesion counts and acne grading by 4 weeks. Sebum production was significantly reduced in the actively treated group, with a mean reduction of 53% in sebum production compared with baseline. One patient developed irritation to the active lotion and withdrew from the study.The new lotion containing triethyl citrate and ethyl linoleate has been shown to be an effective treatment for mild to moderate acne, with an effect on both inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions. The new lotion worked quickly and was generally well tolerated. A surprising finding was the significant impact the new lotion has on sebum production, suggesting a role in patients with seborrhoea. This nonantibiotic preparation will be a very useful addition to existing treatments for acne.
DNA sequencing by a subcloning-walking strategy using a specific and semi-random primer in the polymerase chain reaction (1992)

In its basic concept, in vitro DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is restricted to those instances in which segments of known sequence flank the fragment to be amplified. Recently, techniques have been developed for amplification of unknown DNA sequences. These techniques, however, are dependent on the presence of suitable restriction endonuclease sites. Here, we describe a strategy for PCR amplification of DNA that lies outside the boundaries of known sequence. It is based on the use of one specific primer, homologous to the known sequence, and one semi-random primer. Restriction sites in the 5' proximal regions of both primers allow for cloning of the amplified DNA in a suitable sequencing vector or any other vector. It was shown by sequence analysis that the cloned DNA fragments represent contiguous DNA fragments that are flanked at one side by the sequence of the specific primer. When omitting the semi-random primer, a single clone was obtained, which originated from PCR amplification of target DNA by the specific primer in both directions.
Modeling Flat Flames Burning Chlorinated Methanes in a Methane/Air Environment. (1989)

A numerical model was developed to simulate flat flames burning chlorinated methanes in a methane/air environment. The model uses a reaction mechanism containing 341 reactions and 58 species. A time-stepping solution with linearized source terms and a strict convergence criteria had to be developed to allow for convergence of the conservation equations. Simulations of ten flames were made, five simulations of dichloromethane/methane/air flames, and five simulations of carbon tetrachloride/methane/air flames. For each fuel type, simulations were performed at a constant molar Cl/H ratio of 0.3 for a stoichiometric flame, a fuel-rich flame, and a fuel-lean flame. The other simulations were made for a constant stoichiometry with varying Cl/H ratio. For dichloromethane, the fuel equivalence ratio, $\Phi$, was held at 0.8 while the Cl/H ratio was varied from 0.06 to 0.5, for carbon tetrachloride $\Phi$ was held at 0.95, while the Cl/H ratio was changed from 0.7 to 0.5. Comparisons to experiment were made for eight of the ten simulations. Available experimental data included the major species, and ten stable intermediates. The simulations are in good agreement with experiment for the major species profiles. The computational profiles for the stable intermediates are in good agreement with experiment for forty-eight percent of the seventy-nine computational species profiles compared to experiment. Seven percent of the comparisons are poor. These computational profiles have peak values that are more than a factor of ten larger or smaller than experiment. The simulation results were used to postulate reaction pathways for the combustion of dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, and methane. Burner effects were found to be important in the carbon tetrachloride flames.
Discriminating Between Normal and Glaucomatous Eyes Using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, GDx Nerve Fiber Analyzer, and Optical Coherence Tomograph (2001)

Although the area under the ROC curves was similar among the best parameters from each instrument, qualitative assessment of stereophotographs and measurements from the OCT and HRT generally had higher sensitivities than measurements from the GDx.
One-Pot Synthesis of 3-Hydroxyquinolin-2(1<i>H</i>)-ones from <i>N-</i>Phenylacetoacetamide via PhI(OCOCF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-Mediated α-Hydroxylation and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-Promoted Intramolecular Cyclization (2013)

A clean, one-pot synthesis of the biologically important 3-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one compounds has been realized from the readily available N-phenylacetoacetamide derivatives through a PhI(OCOCF3)2-mediated α-hydroxylation and a H2SO4-promoted intramolecular condensation. The hydroxyl group in the generated α-hydroxylated intermediate can be well tolerated in the second H2SO4-promoted cyclization step.
The Physics of Baseball (1995)

The illumination of the ordinary—of why the sky is blue or why the stars shine—is not the least important role of physics and physicists. Then can't we add to the list of deeper queries some of the questions that seemed so important to me in my youth: How can Babe Ruth hit so many home runs? What makes Carl Hubble's curveball and screwball swerve in their trips to the plate? And if baseball plays no known role in the fundamental structure of the universe (see The Iowa Baseball Confederacy by W. P. Kinsella for a contrary position), it is not of trivial importance in the perception and appreciation of that universe by some of its inhabitants. Although not quite so important now, in the period between the Civil War and World War II baseball was a significant part of what defined the United States. Forty years ago, Jacques Barzun, a preeminent student of American culture and a native of France, said, “Whoever wants to know… America had better learn baseball.” But, even as the game itself is subtle and complex, I have found subtleties and complexities in my attempts to know the physical bases of this American game.
The protein encoded by the human proto-oncogene c-myc. (1984)

The proto-oncogene c-myc may play a role in controlling the growth and division of normal cells, and abnormalities of the gene have been implicated in the genesis of a substantial variety of human tumors. To facilitate further study of these issues, we developed antisera that permit the identification and isolation of the protein encoded by the human and other mammalian versions of c-myc. We found that c-myc(human) gives rise to at least two phosphoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 62,000 [pp62c-myc(human), the major product] and 66,000 [pp66c-myc(human), produced in smaller quantities and possibly a modified version of the Mr 62,000 protein]. Both proteins have relatively short half-lives of approximately equal to 30 min. Mouse c-myc encodes similar proteins with molecular weights of 64,000 and 66,000. The use of cells transformed by DNA-mediated gene transfer sustained previous deductions that the entire coding domain of c-myc(human) is contained in the second and third exons of the gene and resolved previous ambiguities by showing that analogous exons specify the entire protein product of c-myc(chicken). Tumor cells containing amplification of c-myc(human) produce relatively large amounts of pp62/pp66c-myc(human). By contrast, translocations of c-myc found in cells derived from Burkitt lymphoma appear merely to sustain expression of c-myc(human) at levels found also in nontumorigenic lymphoblastoid cells, rather than to increase expression of the gene to manifestly abnormal levels.
Cord-Blood Transplantation in Patients with Minimal Residual Disease (2016)

Our data suggest that among patients with pretransplantation minimal residual disease, the probability of overall survival after receipt of a transplant from a cord-blood donor was at least as favorable as that after receipt of a transplant from an HLA-matched unrelated donor and was significantly higher than the probability after receipt of a transplant from an HLA-mismatched unrelated donor. Furthermore, the probability of relapse was lower in the cord-blood group than in either of the other groups.
PEGylation Improves the Pharmacokinetic Properties and Ability of Interferon Gamma to Inhibit Growth of a Human Tumor Xenograft in Athymic Mice (2014)

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a 28 kDa homodimeric cytokine that exhibits potent immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, and antiviral properties. The protein is used to treat chronic granulomatous disease and malignant osteopetrosis, and it is under investigation as a treatment for a variety of cancer, fungal and viral diseases. IFN-γ has a short circulating half life in vivo, which necessitates frequent administration to patients. An unusual feature of IFN-γ is that the protein contains no native cysteines. To create a longer-acting and potentially more effective form of the protein, we introduced a cysteine residue into the IFN-γ coding sequence at amino acid position 103, which is located in a surface-exposed, non-helical region of the protein. The added cysteine residue served as the site for targeted modification of the protein with a cysteine-reactive polyethylene glycol (PEG) reagent. The recombinant protein was expressed in bacteria, purified and modified with 10, 20, and 40 kDa maleimide PEGs. The purified, PEGylated proteins had in vitro bioactivities comparable to IFN-γ, as measured using an in vitro cell growth inhibition assay. The PEGylated proteins displayed 20- to 32-fold longer half lives than IFN-γ in rats, and they were significantly more effective than IFN-γ at inhibiting growth of a human tumor xenograft in athymic mice.
<title>VLSI gray-scale morphology processor for real-time NDE image-processing applications</title> (1990)

This paper describes the VLSI hardware implementation onto an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) of a gray-scale morphology processor. This is a prototype first chip of a series for a project to perform real-time image processing for NDE (Non-Destnicve Evaluation) applications. Processing of images requires the performance of relatively simple mathematical operations like additions subtractions and comparisons on a tremendously large amount of pixels (data points). This hardware implementation uses the idea of an array processor where each processor performs the exact same operations at the same time but on different pixels. The morphology operation is done in a highly parallel fashion thus enabling a real time performance of 80 MOPS (Million Operations Per Second). The chip described in this paper has the capability of performing both erosion and dilation operations on variable size images with a variable size structuring element. This custom chip was designed using a 2. t CMOS process on a die size of 6. 8 x 6. 9 mm2 in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering at Iowa State University. Custom layout was chosen over standard cell implementation in order to reduce the area of the chip and to increase the operational speed. The fabrication is being done through the MOSIS fabrication services. For the project the final version of the chip will be implemented in a 1jt CMOS technology thus enhancing the speed and
Cobalt(<scp>ii</scp>) and copper(<scp>ii</scp>) supramolecular networks with a 1-iminoisoindoline asymmetric pincer (2015)

The first synthesis and characterization of cobalt(<sc>ii</sc>) and copper(<sc>ii</sc>) complexes with an <italic>in situ</italic> prepared novel asymmetric trinitrogen isoindoline-based pincer type ligand, <italic>N</italic>-(2-picolyl)isoindoline-1-(2-picolyl)imine (<italic>pap</italic>), are reported.
Fluorescent Nanoparticles for the Measurement of Ion Concentration in Biological Systems (2011)

Tightly regulated ion homeostasis throughout the body is necessary for the prevention of such debilitating states as dehydration.(1) In contrast, rapid ion fluxes at the cellular level are required for initiating action potentials in excitable cells.(2) Sodium regulation plays an important role in both of these cases; however, no method currently exists for continuously monitoring sodium levels in vivo (3) and intracellular sodium probes (4) do not provide similar detailed results as calcium probes. In an effort to fill both of these voids, fluorescent nanosensors have been developed that can monitor sodium concentrations in vitro and in vivo.(5,6) These sensors are based on ion-selective optode technology and consist of plasticized polymeric particles in which sodium specific recognition elements, pH-sensitive fluorophores, and additives are embedded.(7-9) Mechanistically, the sodium recognition element extracts sodium into the sensor. (10) This extraction causes the pH-sensitive fluorophore to release a hydrogen ion to maintain charge neutrality within the sensor which causes a change in fluorescence. The sodium sensors are reversible and selective for sodium over potassium even at high intracellular concentrations.(6) They are approximately 120 nm in diameter and are coated with polyethylene glycol to impart biocompatibility. Using microinjection techniques, the sensors can be delivered into the cytoplasm of cells where they have been shown to monitor the temporal and spatial sodium dynamics of beating cardiac myocytes.(11) Additionally, they have also tracked real-time changes in sodium concentrations in vivo when injected subcutaneously into mice.(3) Herein, we explain in detail and demonstrate the methodology for fabricating fluorescent sodium nanosensors and briefly demonstrate the biological applications our lab uses the nanosensors for: the microinjection of the sensors into cells; and the subcutaneous injection of the sensors into mice.
Adaptation and Modification of Gas Turbines for Solar Energy Applications (2005)

Adapting a gas turbine to high-temperature solar receivers and solar tower technology constitutes real progress towards commercial solar power utilization with high efficiency combined cycle power system. Solar gas turbine systems can also be adapted to hybrid solar/fossil fuel operation, thanks to its high efficiency conversion, relatively small solar field, and quick response to load fluctuations, low CO2 emissions, easy start, and more effective equipment utilization. ORMAT initiated adaptation and modification of gas turbines for solar energy applications in the early 1990s in cooperation with the Weizmann Institute of Science and later with the Boeing Corporation, with the support of the United States Israel Science and Technology Foundation (USISTF). Ultimately, the concept reached its successful realization (2001–2004) in the solar tower Plataforma Solar de Almeria (Spain) which has three solar receivers and a receiving system designed and supplied by the German Aerospace Center DLR.
Constrained Exploration of Trade Spaces (2006)

Use of integrated multi-disciplinary models opens up the conceptual design space substantially. In order to take advantage of this opportunity to improve design quality, we have developed an approach that integrates a constraint management system (CMS) to define performance and cost relationships, a sampling methodology to define a trade space, and a trade-off capability to rapidly explore this space. The sampling methodology allows a mixture of spanning, factorial, and probabilistic operators. Further, these operators are constrained by the relationships within the CMS to limit exploration to feasible portions of the trade space. The trade-off capability uses multiple-objective optimization techniques to obtain Pareto-optimal designs with respect to competing objectives within this constrained trade space. In this paper, we describe the trade space exploration capability and how it has been used for evaluation of alternative architectures, for example in the design of space operations vehicle, using integrated cost-performance trade studies.
Pharmacogenomics of responsiveness to interferon IFN-β treatment in multiple sclerosis: A genetic screen of 100 type I interferon-inducible genes (2005)

Our work confirms and extends previous indications for a polygenic mechanism involved in bringing about responsiveness to recombinant IFN-beta. The identification of 2 genes active in the antigen processing and presentation cascade; that is, LMP7, coding for the proteasome subunit beta, and CTSS, coding for cathepsin S; as potential response modifiers may identify this pathway as being of particular relevance to phenotypic expression of response heterogeneity.
A 3d Viewing System for Real-time 3d Display General Monitors (2012)

The techniques of 3d image processing have broadly used in the areas including movies, games, performances, exhibitions. In addition, increasing demands for practical uses have gradually extended to the areas of architecture, medicine, nuclear power plant. However, dominant techniques for 3d image processing seem to depend on multi-camera in which two stereo images are merged into one image. Also the pipeline has limitations to provide real-time 3d viewer in ubiquitous computing. It is not able to be applicable onto most general screens as well. In addition, the techniques can be utilized for the real-time 3d game play without a particular monitor or convertor. Hence, the research presented here is to aim at developing an efficient real-time 3d viewer using only mono camera which do not need post processing for editing as well.