gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of CO2 Utilization as an Injection Solvent in Vapour Extraction (VAPEX) Process (2014)

In this research, an extensive experimental investigation is carried out to evaluate the utilization of CO2 as an injection solvent for VAPEX process. To accomplish this goal, two large, visual rectangular, sand-packed VAPEX models with 24.5 cm and 47.5 cm heights were employed to run the experiments using Plover Lake heavy oil (5650 cP) with a low permeability (6∼9 D) sand pack. Propane, CO2 and propane/CO2 mixture were considered as respective solvents for the experiments, and a total of 6 tests were carried out. The heavy oil production rate and the produced gas-oil ratio were measured periodically. Moreover, separate experiments were carried out at the end of each VAPEX experiment to measure the asphaltene precipitation at various locations of the VAPEX models. To observe the drainage height effect in more details, a comprehensive image analysis was performed during the solvent chamber evolution. As a result, it was determined that drainage height has a significant impact on production rate and heavy oil recovery. The results prove the complexity of the effect of drainage height and the up- scaling issues with the VAPEX process. Furthermore, in terms of solvents, propane showed the highest recovery factor of 75% of original oil in place due to its favourable low vapour pressure and high solubility. Ultimately, the promising recovery performance after introducing CO2 as a carrier gas was observed, the recovery factor of 55% of original oil in place was achieved when the mixture of propane/CO2 was used as the solvent. After conducting asphaltene measurement tests, it was observed that more asphaltene precipitation occurred close to the injection points and at the oil/solvent interface. Furthermore, the image analysis revealed that the highest sweep efficiency was observed to be 0.86 after injecting propane, followed by propane/CO2 mixture, and pure CO2.
Numerical simulation of turbulence (1992)

Fluid flow turbulence is a phenomenon of great importance in many fields of engineering and science. Turbulence and related areas have continued to be subjects of intensive research over the last century. In this second edition of their successful textbook Professors Landahl and Mollo-Christensen have taken the opportunity to include recent developments in the field of chaos and its applications to turbulent flow. This timely update continues the original theme of the book: presenting the fundamental concepts and basic methods of fluid flow turbulence which enable the reader to follow the literature and understand current research. The emphasis upon the dynamic processes that create and maintain turbulent flows gives this book an original approach. This book should be useful to graduate students and researchers in fluid dynamics and, in particular, turbulence and related fields.
Relative utilization of fatty acids for synthesis of ketone bodies and complex lipids in the liver of developing rats (1977)

The regulation of hepatic ketogenesis, as related to the metabolism of fatty acids through oxidative and synthetic pathways, was studied in developing rats. [1-14C] palmitate was used as a substrate to determine the proportions of free fatty acids utilized for the production of ketone bodies, CO2 and complex lipids. Similar developmental patterns of hepatic ketogenesis were obtained by measuring the production of either [14C] acetoacetate from exogenous [1-14C] palmitate or the sum of unlabeled acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate from endogenous fatty acids. The production of total ketone bodies was low during the late fetal stage and at birth, but increased rapidly to a miximum value within 24 hr after brith. The maximal ketogenic capacity appeared to be maintained for the first 10 days of life. 14CO2 production from [1-14C] palmitate increased by two- to fourfold during the suckling period, from its initial low rate seen at birth. The capacity for synthesis of total complex lipids was low at birth and had increased by day 3 to a maximal value, which was comparable to that of adult fed rats. The high lipogenic capacity lasted throughout the remaining suckling period. When ketogenesis was inhibited by 4-pentenoic acid, the rate of synthesis of complex lipids did not increase despite an increase in unutilized fatty acids. During the mid-suckling period, approximately equal amounts of [1-14C] palmitate were utilized for the synthesis of ketone plus CO2 and for complex lipid synthesis. By contrast, in adult fed rats, the incorporation of fatty acids into complex lipids was four times higher than that of ketone plus CO2. These observations suggest that stimulated hepatic ketogenesis in suckling rats results from the rapid oxidation of fatty acids and consequent increased production of acetyl CoA, but not from impaired capacity for synthesis of complex lipids.
AP‐1 inhibitory peptides are neuroprotective following acute glutamate excitotoxicity in primary cortical neuronal cultures (2009)

Neuronal cell death caused by glutamate excitotoxicity is prevalent in various neurological disorders and has been associated with the transcriptional activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1). In this study, we tested 19 recently isolated AP-1 inhibitory peptides, fused to the cell penetrating peptide TAT, for their efficacy in preventing cell death in cortical neuronal cultures following glutamate excitotoxicity. Five peptides (PYC19D-TAT, PYC35D-TAT, PYC36D-TAT, PYC38D-TAT, PYC41D-TAT) displayed neuroprotective activity in concentration responses in both l- and retro-inverso d-isoforms with increasing levels of neuroprotection peaking at 83%. Interestingly, the D-TAT peptide displayed a neuroprotective effect increasing neuronal survival to 25%. Using an AP-1 luciferase reporter assay, we confirmed that the AP-1 inhibitory peptides reduce AP-1 transcriptional activation, and that c-Jun and c-Fos mRNA following glutamate exposure is reduced. In addition, following glutamate exposure the AP-1 inhibitory peptides decreased calpain-mediated alpha-fodrin cleavage, but not neuronal calcium influx. Finally, as neuronal death following glutamate excitotoxicity was transcriptionally independent (actinomycin D insensitive), our data indicate that activation of AP-1 proteins can induce cell death via non-transcriptional pathways. Thus, these peptides have potential application as therapeutics directly or for the rational design of small molecule inhibitors in both apoptotic and necrotic neuronal death associated with AP-1 activation.
Safety and Efficacy of an Attenuated Vaccine against Severe Rotavirus Gastroenteritis (2006)

Two oral doses of the live attenuated G1P[8] HRV vaccine were highly efficacious in protecting infants against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, significantly reduced the rate of severe gastroenteritis from any cause, and were not associated with an increased risk of intussusception. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00139347 and NCT00263666.)
Mesoscopic Model of Aging in Colloids (2014)

A model of dense hard sphere colloids building on simple notions of particle mobility and spatial coherence is presented and shown to reproduce results of experiments and simulations for key quantities such as the intermediate scattering function, the particle mean-square displacement and the χ4 mobility correlation function. All results are explained by two emerging and interrelated dynamical properties: i) a rate of intermittent events, quakes, which decreases as the inverse of the system age t, leading to μq(tw, t) α log(t/tw) as the average number of quakes occurring between the ‘waiting time’ tw and the current time t; ii) a length scale characterizing correlated domains, which increases linearly in log t.
Alternate precursors in biogenetic-type syntheses. II. The synthesis of cyclohex[j]indolo[2,3-f]morphan-15-one (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlternate precursors in biogenetic-type syntheses. II. The synthesis of cyclohex[j]indolo[2,3-f]morphan-15-oneGlenn Curtis Morrison, Ronald O. Waite, and John Shavel Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 8, 2555–2557Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01283a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01283a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Truly random number generation based on measurement of phase noise of a laser (2010)

We present a simple approach to realize truly random number generator based on measuring the phase noise of a single-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser. The true randomness of the quantum phase noise originates from the spontaneous emission of photons and the random bit generation rate is ultimately limited only by the laser linewidth. With the final bit generation rate of 20 Mbit/s, the truly random bit sequence guaranteed by the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics passes the three standard randomness tests (ENT, Diehard, and NIST Statistical Test Suites). Moreover, a continuously generated random bit sequence, with length up to 14 Gbit, is verified by two additional criteria for its true randomness.
Corrective language modeling for large vocabulary ASR with the perceptron algorithm (2004)

This paper investigates error-corrective language modeling using the perceptron algorithm on word lattices. The resulting model is encoded as a weighted finite-state automaton, and is used by intersecting the model with word lattices, making it simple and inexpensive to apply during decoding. We present results for various training scenarios for the Switchboard task, including using n-gram features of different orders, and performing n-best extraction versus using full word lattices. We demonstrate the importance of making the training conditions as close as possible to testing conditions. The best approach yields a 1.3 percent improvement in first pass accuracy, which translates to 0.5 percent improvement after other rescoring passes.
Comparative study of the morphology and properties of PP/LLDPE/wood powder and MAPP/LLDPE/wood powder polymer blend composites (2010)

In this study, polypropylene (PP)/linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP)/LLDPE blend systems were comparatively investigated. The blends and composites contained equal amounts of the two polymers, and the compatibility and miscibility between the two polymers were investigated. Composites with 10, 20 and 30 wt% wood powder (WP), but still with equal amounts of the two polymers, were prepared and investigated. The morphologies, as well as mechanical and thermal properties, of the blends and the blend composites were investigated. The MAPP/LLDPE blend and composites showed better properties than the PP/LLDPE blend and composites as a result of the stronger interfacial interaction between MAPP, LLDPE and WP. The SEM and DSC results of the PP/LLDPE/WP blend composites showed that WP located itself more in the LLDPE phase. In the MAPP/LLDPE/WP composites the WP was in contact with both polymers, although it had a greater affinity for MAPP. The TGA results show that the MAPP/LLDPE blend and composites are more thermally stable than the PP/LLDPE blend and composites.
Measurement of Nano-Displacement Based on In-Plane Suspended-Gate MOSFET Detection Compatible with a Front-End CMOS Process (2008)

The first front-end CMOS co-integration based on the lateral SGMOSFET presented in this paper demonstrates the benefit of a co-integration approach for NEMS devices. Performance using this device is compared to that obtained with a standalone ASIC. The next step will consist of replacing equivalently the input transistor of the ASIC cascode structure by the SGMOSFET.
Local directional pattern (LDP) based fingerprint matching using SLFNN (2013)

Recently a number of biometric indicators are in use for human identification, but the fingerprint based individual identification is still the dominating biometric indicator. In this paper, we present a fingerprint matching system by exploiting local directional pattern (LDP) based features, which are originally proposed for face recognition and facial expression detection. Fingerprint image texture is encoded by computing the response value of edges in different directions from the extracted region of interest (ROI) images. Single hidden layer feed forward neural network (SLFNN) is trained using three training algorithms namely gradient decent with momentum (GDM), resilient propagation (RP), and scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) to detect the match between test and trainee images. The experimental results show that the RP algorithm converges faster and perform well in terms of matching accuracy as compared to the other two algorithms.
A facsimile based text editor using handwritten mark recognition (1979)

A fundamental study on a facsimile based text editor using handwritten mark recognition is described with some experimental results. Every information for editting is given to the computer via facsimile. First, texts (handwritten, typed or printed) and five kinds of handwritten marks are input to the computer as binary pictures. Second, the marks are recognized to make the picture allocation list. Third, the fair copy of the text is constructed by rearranging the binary picture according to the list, and is output to the facsimle receiver. Manuscripts using almost any kinds of languages including English, Chinese, Japanese etc. are editted by this system. Moreover, the method described here can be combined with usual text editors or word processors, in order to reduce the keyboard based man machine interaction. Experiments based on a minicomputer controlled facsimile produced unexpectedly good results, and the report 11, was actually made using this method, with less than a half of efforts required in the usual way of Japanese manuscript writing with black ink, scissors and paste.
Rasagiline, a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, protects NGF-differentiated PC12 cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation (1999)

In our in vitro model, rasagiline a selective irreversible monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor, protected nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells from cell death under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). The severity of the OGD insult, as expressed by cell death, was time-dependent. Exposure of the cells to OGD for 3 hr followed by 18 hr of reoxygenation caused about 30-40% cell death. Under these conditions, the neuroprotective effect of rasagiline was dose-dependent: rasagiline reducing OGD-induced cell death by 68% and 80% at 100 nM and 1 microM, respectively. The neuroprotective effect of rasagiline was also observed when added after the OGD insult (55% reduction in cell death). Under rasagiline treatment, there was a lesser decrease in ATP content in cultures exposed to OGD compared with that in untreated cultures. OGD followed by reoxygenation resulted in a several fold increase in PGE(2) release into the extracellular medium. Rasagiline (100 nM-1 microM) markedly inhibited OGD-induced PGE(2) release. Clorgyline, a monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) inhibitor, did not protect NGF-differentiated PC12 cells against OGD-induced cell death. As NGF-differentiated PC12 cells contain exclusively MAO type A, these data suggest that the neuroprotective effect of rasagiline under OGD conditions is independent of MAO inhibition.
Learning Vine Copula Models For Synthetic Data Generation (2018)

A vine copula model is a flexible high-dimensional dependence model which uses only bivariate building blocks. However, the number of possible configurations of a vine copula grows exponentially as the number of variables increases, making model selection a major challenge in development. In this work, we formulate a vine structure learning problem with both vector and reinforcement learning representation. We use neural network to find the embeddings for the best possible vine model and generate a structure. Throughout experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets, we show that our proposed approach fits the data better in terms of log-likelihood. Moreover, we demonstrate that the model is able to generate high-quality samples in a variety of applications, making it a good candidate for synthetic data generation.
Field trials of a nonlinear color‐appearance model (1997)

Field trials of the nonlinear color-appearance model by Nayatani et al. were conducted by using the three chromatic-adaptation experiments by the Research Committee of CSAJ, Breneman, and McCann et al. Based on the preliminary analysis, the effective adaptation coefficient αmin was introduced to the model to account for the effect of incomplete adaptation found under test chromatic illuminant. It was confirmed that the nonlinear color-appearance model combined with αmin predicted quite nicely all the experiments. In addition, it was also found that the coefficient αmin is different for different color stimuli (object color or photographic transparency). In addition, the value of αmin changes by changing the adapting illuminance of the experiment in each of the two kinds of color stimuli used. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 22, 240–258, 1997
Developmental aspects of cortical excitability and inhibition in depressed and healthy youth: an exploratory study (2014)

These findings suggest that younger children have higher MTs. This is more pronounced in depressed youth than healthy controls. LICI inhibition may also increase with age in youth.
Correlation Analysis in Classifiers (2010)

This chapter presents a new method to analyze the link between the probabilities produced by a classification model and the variation of its input values. The goal is to increase the predictive probability of a given class by exploring the possible values of the input variables taken independently. The proposed method is presented in a general framework, and then detailed for naive Bayesian classifiers. We also demonstrate the importance of “lever variables”, variables which can conceivably be acted upon to obtain specific results as represented by class probabilities, and consequently can be the target of specific policies. The application of the proposed method to several data sets shows that such an approach can lead to useful indicators.
Hyponatremia As Observed in a Chronic Disease Facility (1979)

ABSTRACT: A random sampling of 160 patients in a chronic disease facility showed that 36 patients (22.5 percent) had chronic hyponatremia. Their mean age was 72 years (range, 42–94 years); 75 percent of the patients were more than 65 years old. Women comprised 57 percent of the group. The mean serum sodium level was 120 mEq/L (range, 109–135 mEq/L). The mean serum osmolarity was 270 mOsm/L (range, 251–294 mOsm/L). Of the 36 patients, 9 were asymptomatic. Symptoms were associated with underlying disorders rather than with hyponatremia, although in 9 patients the hyponatremia appeared to have intensified existing symptoms. The most common cause of hyponatremia (in 41.6 percent of 20 overhydrated patients) was inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone ( IADH syndrome). Factors accounting for the high incidence of IADH were the age of the patient and the nature of the underlying disorders, particularly diseases associated with aging. Simple measures were used to manage the hyponatremia, e.g., water restriction for patients who were overhydrated; replacement of sodium chloride for patients who were losing salt excessively and had a low sodium intake; and control of hyperglycemia in the pseudohyponatremic patients with hyperglycemia. No treatment was required for pseudohyponatremia associated with hyperlipidemia. When hyponatremia was due to drug‐induced ADH excess, the involved drug was discontinued. Emphasis on management of the patients' primary disorders also ameliorated the hyponatremic state.
cAMP‐CRP co‐ordinates the expression of the protein acetylation pathway with central metabolism in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2011)

Lysine acetylation is a well-established post-translational modification widely conserved and distributed in bacteria. Although multiple regulatory roles have been proved, little is known about its regulation. Here, we present evidence that the transcription of the Gcn5-like acetyltransferase YfiQ of Escherichia coli (proposed name: PatZ) is regulated by cAMP-CRP and its implications on acetate metabolism regulation. The acetate scavenging acetyl-CoA synthetase (Acs) is regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Post-translational regulation depends on a protein acetyltransferase (yfiQ) and an NAD(+) -dependent deacetylase (cobB). We have studied their expression under different environmental conditions. cobB is constitutively expressed from a promoter located upstream nagK. The expression of yfiQ occurs from its own promoter; it is upregulated in the stationary phase and in the presence of non-PTS carbon sources and is positively regulated by cAMP-CRP. Two putative CRP binding sites are necessary for its full activity. Gene deletion revealed that cobB is essential for growth on acetate, yfiQ deletion restoring growth of the cobB mutant. The fine tuning of metabolic enzymes results from the integration of multiple mechanisms, and redundant systems may exist. Despite the existence of divergent catabolite repression systems, this may be a conserved strategy common to both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria.
Sugar Analysis of Fruit Juices: Content and Method (1983)

ABSTRACT The sugar contents of 186 samples of 11 different juices from a nation‐wide sampling were determined by the use of a total sugar analyzer (TSA), a gas‐liquid chromatograph (GLC) or both. Values for total sugar ranged from <3% in most tomato juices to >15% in some lemonades on a ready‐to‐serve basis. Agreement between the two methods was satisfactory.
Dynamic optical tests of a high-speed polygon (1981)

A dynamic optical deformation test for a high-speed polygon is described in which a laser beam is reflected off a rotating polygon and is focused on a pair of Ronchi rulings at 45 degrees to each other. The astigmatism and defocus terms of the deformation are measured and mapped over any one of the polygon facets. The relatively simple and sensitive setup is also used for testing pyramidal error, facet-to-facet angle error, and axis-to-facet interval deviations.