gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Force and Frequency Analysis of Engineered Human Heart Tissue Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Magnetic Sensing (2016)

Engineered heart tissues made from human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have been used for modeling cardiac pathologies, screening new therapeutics, and providing replacement cardiac tissue. Current methods measure the functional performance of engineered heart tissue by their twitch force and beating frequency, typically obtained by optical measurements. In this article, we describe a novel method for assessing twitch force and beating frequency of engineered heart tissue using magnetic field sensing, which enables multiple tissues to be measured simultaneously. The tissues are formed as thin structures suspended between two silicone posts, where one post is rigid and another is flexible and contains an embedded magnet. When the tissue contracts it causes the flexible post to bend in proportion to its twitch force. We measured the bending of the post using giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors located underneath a 24-well plate containing the tissues. We validated the accuracy of the readings from the GMR sensors against optical measurements. We demonstrated the utility and sensitivity of our approach by testing the effects of three concentrations of isoproterenol and verapamil on twitch force and beating frequency in real-time, parallel experiments. This system should be scalable beyond the 24-well format, enabling greater automation in assessing the contractile function of cardiomyocytes in a tissue-engineered environment.
Management of pain in thoracic surgery. (1993)

Severe pain after thoracotomy is the most important factor responsible for ineffective ventilation, ineffective cough, and impaired ability to sigh and to breathe deeply. Effective analgesia minimizes and may even reverse the expected decline in pulmonary function and also prevents postoperative pulmonary complications.
Molecular Cloning of Two New Human Paralogs of 85-kDa Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 (1999)

Two new cloned human cDNAs encode paralogs of the 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). We propose to call these cPLA2beta (114 kDa) and cPLA2gamma (61 kDa), giving the name cPLA2alpha to the well known 85-kDa enzyme. cPLA2beta mRNA is expressed more highly in cerebellum and pancreas and cPLA2gamma more highly in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Sequence-tagged site mapping places cPLA2beta on chromosome 15 in a region near a phosphoinositol bisphosphate phosphatase. The mRNA for cPLA2beta is spliced only at a very low level, and Northern blots in 24 tissues show exclusively the unspliced form. cPLA2beta has much lower activity on 2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine liposomes than either of the other two enzymes. Its sequence contains a histidine motif characteristic of the catalytic center of caspase proteases of the apoptotic cascade but no region characteristic of the catalytic cysteine. Sequence-tagged site mapping places cPLA2gamma on chromosome 19 near calmodulin. cPLA2gamma lacks the C2 domain, which gives cPLA2alpha its Ca2+ sensitivity, and accordingly cPLA2gamma has no dependence upon calcium, although cPLA2beta does. cPLA2gamma contains a prenyl group-binding site motif and appears to be largely membrane-bound. cPLA2alpha residues activated by phosphorylation do not appear to be well conserved in either new enzyme. In contrast, all three previously known catalytic residues, as well as one additional essential arginine, Arg-566 in cPLA2alpha, are conserved in both new enzyme sequences. Mutagenesis shows strong dependence on these residues for catalytic activity of all three enzymes.
A low-cost S-box for the Advanced Encryption Standard using normal basis (2009)

The advanced encryption standard (AES) is a newly accepted secret key cryptographic standard for secure transfer of blocks of data. Among different transformations, the SubBytes transformation is the most expensive one in terms of the chip area and the power consumption in the hardware implementation of the AES. It consists of 16 S-boxes and hence the hardware optimization of the S-box is critical to reach a low-cost AES. In this paper, we present a low-cost S-box for the AES. Instead of using look-up tables for implementing the S-box, logic gate implementation based on a previously known low-complexity composite field using normal basis is utilized. Then, we present improved formulations for the inversion in the sub-fields within the S-box to reduce the area complexity of the implementations. After analyzing the complexities of the new architecture, we compare the ASIC implementation of the proposed S-box using 0:18mu CMOS technology with the previous ones. It is shown that the presented scheme has the lowest power consumption and area compared to its counterparts available in the open literature.
A Frequency Tuneable Switched-Capacitor PA in 65nm CMOS (2019)

A frequency tuneable, switched capacitor power amplifier (SCPA) is introduced that allows it to operate in relatively narrow channel bandwidths (10's of MHz) while enabling operation across a much wider frequency band (>1GHz). An SCPA is connected in series with a fixed inductor and a digitally programmable capacitor (DPC) that allows frequency tuning of the SCPA resonance. A prototype is fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process and embedded with the DPC on a printed circuit board for validation. The measured prototype operates from supply voltages of 1.2 and 2.4 V and achieves linear operation over 58.8% fractional bandwidth (1.4-2.5 GHz) with less than 1.7 dB output power variation. Due to its linearity, no digital pre-distortion is required to achieve measured ACLR<;-30 dBc and EVM<;3.9%-rms over all operating frequencies when transmitting an LTE 64-QAM, 20 MHz OFDM symbol at >14.1 dBm.
A pharmacogenetic approach to identify mutant forms of α‐galactosidase a that respond to a pharmacological chaperone for Fabry disease (2011)

Fabry disease is caused by mutations in the gene (GLA) that encodes α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). The iminosugar AT1001 (GR181413A, migalastat hydrochloride, 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin) is a pharmacological chaperone that selectively binds and stabilizes α-Gal A, increasing total cellular levels and activity for some mutant forms (defined as "responsive"). In this study, we developed a cell-based assay in cultured HEK-293 cells to identify mutant forms of α-Gal A that are responsive to AT1001. Concentration-dependent increases in α-Gal A activity in response to AT1001 were shown for 49 (60%) of 81 mutant forms. The responses of α-Gal A mutant forms were generally consistent with the responses observed in male Fabry patient-derived lymphoblasts. Importantly, the HEK-293 cell responses of 19 α-Gal A mutant forms to a clinically achievable concentration of AT1001 (10 µM) were generally consistent with observed increases in α-Gal A activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from male Fabry patients orally administered AT1001 during Phase 2 clinical studies. This indicates that the cell-based responses can identify mutant forms of α-Gal A that are likely to respond to AT1001 in vivo. Thus, the HEK-293 cell-based assay may be a useful aid in the identification of Fabry patients with AT1001-responsive mutant forms.
Über Metallcarbonyle. XLVII. Über den Einfluß von Chalkogenen auf die Entstehung von Eisenpentacarbonyl aus den Komponenten (1950)

Abstract Die technisch bedeutsame, günstige Wirkung, die speziell Schwefel auf die Bildung von Eisenpentacarbonyl aus Metall und Kohlenoxydgas unter Druck und bei höherer Temperatur ausübt, wird systematisch untersucht. Eine quantitativ durchgeführte Versuchsreihe über die Abhängigkeit der Carbonylbildung aus reinem Carbonyleisenpulver von der Menge zugesetzten Schwefels führt zu dem bemerkenswerten Ergebnis, daß die Entstehung von Pentacarbonyl bei gleichen Bedingungen (200 Atm. CO‐Druck, 200°) um so mehr gefördert wird, je geringer der Schwefelzusatz ist. Selen und Tellur wirken ähnlich. Die Beobachtungen erklären sich zunächst aus der Oberflächenaktivität des umzusetzenden Materials. Eine wesentliche Rolle spielen jedenfalls sich primär nur an den Oberflächenlücken von Metallchalkogenid bildende Carbonylchalkogenide, die hernach in reines Carbonyl disproportionieren, wie dies schon früher bei Eisencarbonyljodid nachgewiesen worden ist. Das Eisencarbonylsulfid entsteht bei Anwesenheit von Schwefelwasserstoff schon unter milden Bedingungen, oberhalb 25 Atm. CO‐Druck und 70°. Die Carbonylchalkogenide des Eisens stellen mehrkernige, nichtsalzartige Verbindungen mit anomaler Wertigkeit des Metalls, entspr. Fe 3 S 2 (CO) 8 und Fe 3 Se 2 (CO) 8 , dar.
Nerve growth factor promotes the differentiation of pituitary mammotroph cells in vitro (1995)

It is well known that the differentiation of somatotroph cells is dependent on GRF. The extracellular signals that direct the initial proliferation and differentiation of mammotroph cells during pituitary development, however, have remained elusive. In the present study we first report that somatomammotroph and mammotroph cells present in early postnatal rat pituitary cultures express the receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF) and contain NGF. In addition, we demonstrate that endogenous NGF supports the proliferation and terminal differentiation of mammotroph cells during postnatal in vitro maturation. Early postnatal rat pituitary cells were cultured for 1-12 days, double stained with antibodies to PRL and GH, and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Mature mammotroph cells were generated in culture as shown by 1) the increase in PRL production, 2) the spreading of cells secreting only PRL in relation to those producing both PRL and GH, and 3) the expression of D-2 receptors for dopamine. Exposure of cell cultures to NGF produced a remarkable increase in the rate of appearance of mammotroph cells and an increase in their abundance from 20 +/- 0.5% to 44 +/- 1%. Deprivation of secreted NGF by means of a specific antibody completely prevented the generation of mature mamotrophs. The fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of cells grown in the presence of the antibody to NGF showed, in fact, that although the proportions of somatotrophs and somatomammotrophs were unchanged, that of mammotrophs was much lower than that in untreated cultures. We, thus, conclude that NGF is critical for generation of the mammotroph phenotype during pituitary maturation.
1296-port MEMS Transparent Optical Crossconnect with 2.07Petabit/s Switch Capacity (2001)

A 1296-port MEMS transparent optical crossconnect with 5.1dB+/-1.1dB insertion loss at 1550nm is reported. Measured worst-case optical crosstalk in a fabric was n38dB and nominal switching rise/fall times were 5msec. A 2.07Petabit/s switch capacity was verified upon cross-connecting a forty-channel by 40Gb/s DWDM data stream through a prototype fabric.
Removal of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls from marine oils during refining and hydrogenation for edible use (1974)

Abstract Raw marine oils containing from 2–8 ppm DDT group pesticides, 0.00–0.03 ppm dieldrin, and 3–13 ppm polychlorinated biphenyls (as Aroclor 1254) were subjected to pilot plant refining, hydrogenation, and deodorization for margarine stock production. Residues of all 3 groups were reduced to below detectable limits (0.06 ppm, 0.01 ppm, and 0.5 ppm for ΣDDT, dieldrin, and polychlorinated biphenyls [determined as decachlorobiphenyl], respectively) as a result of processing.
<title>A Feature Space Rule-Based Optical Relational Graph Processor</title> (1986)

A rule-based optical symbolic and inference processor concept using a relational graph is described. The architecture and its design are discussed and detailed for one example. The system uses a Fourier/polar/Mellin/Fourier transform representation space and the case studies addressed involve aircraft identification and classification. However, the basic rule-based optical-inference relational graph processor concept and architecture are quite general purpose.
Influence of Three Soil‐water Regimes on Root Porosity and Growth of Four Rice Varieties<sup>1</sup> (1977)

Abstract A better understanding of the growth response of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) to waterlogged soil conditions is desirable. The objective of this study was to measure the influence of soil water regime on root porosity, growth, and nutrient content of four varieties of rice at various dates after transplanting. Four rice varieties (‘IR8’, ‘Padma’, ‘BC6’, and ‘IR22’) were grown under three soil water regimes (continuous flooding, alternate flooding, and no flooding) in a greenhouse on a clay loam soil. Root porosity, growth of plants and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) content of shoots were determined at four different plant ages (30, 60, 85, and 110 days after transplanting). Root porosity was greatest in plants grown with continuous flooding. Porosity of roots in all four varieties reached maximum values between 30 and 60 days and then started to decline. Padma and BC6 had higher root porosities than IR8 and IR22. High root porosity was associated with greater root length, increased dry weight of roots and shoots, and higher nutrient content in shoots.
p300 relieves p53-evoked transcriptional repression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) (2004)

HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1), a heterodimeric transcription factor comprising HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta subunits, serves as a key regulator of metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. HIF-1 activity largely increases during hypoxia by attenuating pVHL (von Hippel-Lindau protein)-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent 26 S-proteasomal degradation of HIF-1alpha. Besides HIF-1, the transcription factor and tumour suppressor p53 accumulates and is activated under conditions of prolonged/severe hypoxia. Recently, the interaction between p53 and HIF-1alpha was reported to evoke HIF-1alpha degradation. Destruction of HIF-1alpha by p53 was corroborated in the present study by using pVHL-deficient RCC4 (renal carcinoma) cells, supporting the notion of a pVHL-independent degradation process. In addition, low p53 expression repressed HIF-1 transactivation without affecting HIF-1alpha protein amount. Establishing that p53-evoked inhibition of HIF-1 reporter activity was relieved upon co-transfection of p300 suggested competition between p53 and HIF-1 for limiting amounts of the shared co-activator p300. This assumption was confirmed by showing competitive binding of in vitro transcription/translation-generated p53 and HIF-1alpha to the CH1 domain of p300 in vitro. We conclude that low p53 expression attenuates HIF-1 transactivation by competing for p300, whereas high p53 expression destroys the HIF-1alpha protein and thereby eliminates HIF-1 reporter activity. Thus once p53 becomes activated under conditions of severe hypoxia/anoxia, it contributes to terminating HIF-1 responses.
Phenylpyrrole-Based Hdac Inhibitors: Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Biological Studies (2016)

Aim: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate the expression and activity of numerous proteins involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Currently, three hydroxamate-containing HDAC pan-inhibitors have been approved as antitumor agents. Results: We herein present the development of a series of novel phenylpyrrole-based derivatives stemmed from combined computational and medicinal chemistry efforts to rationally modulate HDAC1/6 isoform selectivity. In vitro activity on HDAC1 and HDAC6 isoforms and the effects of selected analogs on histone H3 and α-tubulin acetylation levels were determined. Cell-based data evidenced, for selected compounds, a promising antitumor potential and low toxicity on normal cells. Conclusion: The newly developed compounds represent a valuable starting point for the development of novel anticancer agents.
A First Hand Held Electronic Device Powered by an Integrated Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (2006)

Abstract not Available.
MultiAgent Approach for Simulation and Evaluation of Urban Bus Networks (2006)

Evolution of public road transportation system requires anal-ysis and planning tools to improve the service quality. A wide range of road transportation simulation tools exist with a variety of applications in planning, training and demon-stration. However, few simulations take into account the specificities of public transportation. We present in this pa-per a bus network simulation which models these specificities and allows to analyze and evaluate a bus network at diverse space and time scales. We adopt a multiagent approach to describe the global system operation from behaviors of numerous autonomous entities such as buses and travellers. The developed simulation has been integrated into a deci-sion support system for the design and the evaluation of bus networks. Some experimental results on a real case, show-ing the efficiency of the proposed model, are presented and discussed.
A modified dosage schedule for increased efficiency in PUVA treatment of psoriasis (1989)

Ten patients with chronic widespread plaque psoriasis, all of whom had previously completely cleared and suffered a subsequent widespread relapse after conventional PUVA therapy, were treated with a modified UVA dosage schedule, with psoralen formulation and dosage unchanged. Initial and incremental UVA doses were maximized to near-erythemogenic levels as determined by weekly testing for minimal phototoxic dose (MPD), treatment being given three times a week. A comparison of complete psoriasis clearing between the modified treatment and the last PUVA course showed a geometric mean reduction in treatment duration of 55% (P less than 0.001) for a similar number of treatments each week, and a cumulative UVA dose of 31% (P less than 0.05), representing a reduction in treatment duration from 9.1 to 4.1 weeks and cumulative UVA dose reduction of 100.8 to 69.9 J/cm2. Such an improvement in efficiency permits a marked increase in treated patient numbers for the same cost, and is more convenient. The reduction in the total cumulative UVA dose given as larger individual doses also seems likely to lead to a lower incidence of cutaneous long-term, especially carcinogenic, adverse effects.
Very early detection of changes associated with cellular activation using a modified flow cytometer (1991)

A sample station modification previously described has been redesigned to provide greater flexibility and enhanced performance. The improved modification provides mixing and temperature regulation in a compact unit that mounts close to the nozzle holder for reduced transit times, allowing for addition of mediators to a sample in place on the flow cytometer, with observation of results in approximately 1 s. An electronic circuit activated at the time of injection generates full-scale pulses in the forward scatter channel. This provides the data with a time stamp for direct correlation of injection and cellular response. A detailed description of the modification, performance verification data, and practical applications in the measurements associated with cellular activation are presented.
DNA Polymerase β:  Pre-Steady-State Kinetic Analysis and Roles of Arginine-283 in Catalysis and Fidelity (1996)

DNA polymerase β (pol β) is the smallest and least complex DNA polymerase. The structure of the enzyme is well understood, but little is known about its catalytic properties, particularly processivity and fidelity. Pre-steady-state analysis of the incorporation of a single nucleotide into a short 25/45 oligonucleotide primer-template by pol β was used to define the kinetic parameters of the polymerase. In addition, nucleotide analogs and site-specific mutants, along with structural analyses, were used to probe the structure−function relationship of pol β. Several significant findings have been obtained: (i) The catalysis by pol β is processive and displays an initial burst under pre-steady-state conditions, but the processivity is poor compared to other polymerases. (ii) The fidelity of pol β is also low relative to other polymerases. (iii) Under pre-steady-state conditions the chemical step appears to be only partially rate-limiting on the basis of the low thio effect (4.3), defined as kpol(dNTP)/kpol(dNTPαS). The thio effect increases to 9 for incorporation of an incorrect nucleotide. These results are consistent with the existence of a substrate-induced conformational change that is also partially rate-limiting. (iv) A comparison between the two-dimensional NMR spectra of the wild-type and mutant enzymes indicates that the mutations at position 283 did not significantly perturb the structure of the enzyme. The conformational stability of the mutants is also unperturbed. Thus, R283 is not important to the overall structure of the enzyme. (v) The results of kinetic analyses of R283A and R283K mutants indicate that the hydrogen bond between R283 of pol β and the template is important for catalysis. Both R283A and R283K mutants displayed decreases in catalytic efficiency by a factor of ca. 200 relative to wild-type pol β. The mutants are also less faithful by a factor of 2−4, in terms of the T-G mispair vs the T-A correct pair. The perturbation, however, could occur at both the implied conformational step and the chemical step, since the thio effects of the mutants for both correct and incorrect nucleotides are similar to those of WT pol β.
Feedback Inhibition of Cholecystokinin Secretion by Bile Acids and Pancreatic Proteases (1994)

Feedback inhibition of CCK release by bile acids and pancreatic proteases is well established in the rat. The question of whether these mechanisms are important in humans has not been completely resolved, but current evidence strongly suggests that feedback regulation of CCK release by bile acids is present in humans and is physiologically significant, whereas the existence and importance of feedback regulation of CCK release by pancreatic proteases in humans are still highly controversial.
Solvent-Free, Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Thiophene Oligomers via Suzuki Coupling (2002)

The purpose of this study was to obtain a rapid, efficient, and environmentally friendly methodology for the synthesis of highly pure thiophene oligomers. The solvent-free, microwave-assisted coupling of thienyl boronic acids and esters with thienyl bromides, using aluminum oxide as the solid support, allowed us to rapidly check the reaction trends on changing times, temperature, catalyst, and base and easily optimize the experimental conditions to obtain the targeted product in fair amounts. This procedure offers a novel, general, and very rapid route to the preparation of soluble thiophene oligomers. Thus, for example, quaterthiophene was obtained in 6 min by reaction of 2-bromo-2,2'-bithiophene with bis(pinacolato)diboron (isolated yield 65%), whereas quinquethiophene was obtained in 11 min by reaction of dibromoterthiophene with thienylboronic acid (isolated yield 74%). The synthesis of new chiral 2,2'-bithiophenes is reported. The detailed analysis of the byproducts of some reactions allowed us to elucidate a few aspects of reaction mechanisms. While the use of microwaves proved to be very convenient for the coupling between conventional thienyl moieties, the same was not true for the coupling of thienyl rings to thienyl-S,S-dioxide moieties. Indeed, in this case, the targeted product was obtained in low yields because of the competitive, accelerated, Diels-Alder reaction that affords a variety of condensation products.
Challenges and benefits of post-lithium-ion batteries (2020)

Post-Li-ion batteries based on Na, Mg, and Al offer substantial electrochemical and economic advantages in comparison with Li-ion batteries.
Ground-state properties of nuclear matter using the<i>Λ</i>approximations of the Green’s function theory (1985)

The nuclear matter parameters and single-particle properties are calculated in the so-called ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{(00)}$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{(10)}$, and ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{(11)}$ approximation of the Green's function theory. For the nucleon-nucleon interaction we used the Hamada-Johnston, the Reid-soft-core, and the Paris potential. The results show no significant differences with those obtained from the Brueckner theory. For comparison we used also the Galitskii approximation.