gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Caustic waterflooding process for heavy oils (1974)

This paper represents an analysis of a wide variety of laboratory experiments substantiating the fact that caustic waterflooding can significantly improve the waterflood recovery of certain low gravity viscous crude oils. Success of the process depends on the presence of naturally occurring organic acids in the oil which become surface active on contact with alkaline injection water. Caustic concentration, field water composition, extent of caustic reaction with reservoir rock, low caustic-oil interfacial tension, and water-oil mobility ratio are shown to be key factors in determining the success or failure of this process. Experiments show that caustic waterflooding can significantly increase the oil recovery obtained before water breakthrough. The mechanism involves in situ production of crude oil-in-water emulsions which tend to plug growing water fingers and channels, diverting flow to give better areal and vertical coverage. The laboratory experiments demonstrate the effects of the important process variables and support the emulsion plugging and diverting mechanism. (10 refs.)
<title>Streak visualization: a new analysis tool for the evaluation of video sequences</title> (1999)

Inherent in Kodak's solid-state high-speed video recording and playback systems is the ability to randomly access any given pixel within a 4D volume. Specifically, this refers to the ability to access a pixel of any given (x.y) coordinate of a given frame time t and of a given recording session s. A new set of techniques is presented for the rapid evaluation of entire video sequences which takes advantage of this wealth of video data. This technique is called `streak visualization'. As implied in the name, streak visualization combines the analytical compactness of a streak image with the versatility and interactivity implied by a visualization tool. Streak visualization generally involves the creation of appropriate 2D surfaces which slices the data volume in such a way as to reveal useful information. As will be demonstrated through a few illustrative examples, there are many possible applications of this technique.
Investigational agents for the treatment of growth hormone-insensitivity syndrome (2006)

Growth hormone-insensitivity syndrome (GHIS) is usually caused by mutations in the growth hormone receptor. Recombinant IGF-I has been used to treat GHIS either alone (mecasermin) or in combination with IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 (mecasermin rinfabate). IGF-I increases the growth velocity of children with IGF deficiency, which is either as a result of GHIS or an IGF-I gene deletion. Hypoglycaemia has been reported with administration of unbound IGF-I and, in addition, the serum half-life of unbound IGF-I is shorter when administered to patients with GHIS (who have low serum concentrations of its binding protein IGFBP-3) than when administered to normal volunteers or to patients with an IGF-I gene deletion (but normal IGFBP-3 levels). The IGF-I-IGFBP-3 combination was developed to prolong the half-life and counteract the acute adverse events (particularly hypoglycaemia) that are associated with administration of IGF-I. It seems that the IGF-I-IGFBP-3 combination has a longer half-life in patients with GHIS than unbound IGF-I, with fewer reports of adverse events (including hypoglycaemia) when administered to patients with diabetes. There are no studies comparing the efficacy of mecasermin with mecasermin rinfabate; both drugs have been shown to be effective but cannot be differentiated in terms of efficacy.
Cross-talk between Rho-associated Kinase and Cyclic Nucleotide-dependent Kinase Signaling Pathways in the Regulation of Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase (2012)

Background: Myosin phosphatase is regulated by multisite phosphorylation of its myosin targeting subunit of MLCP (MYPT1) subunit. Results: Multisite phosphorylation at Ser 696 , Thr 697 , Ser 854 , and Thr 855 has no effect on activity; phosphorylation at Thr 697 and Thr 855 is inhibitory. Conclusion: Cross-talk between cyclic nucleotide and RhoA signaling pathways occurs at both MYPT1 inhibitory sites. Significance: Knowledge of MYPT1 phosphorylation is key to understanding the molecular basis of smooth muscle contractile regulation.
Influence of Acids on Reaction Rates of Free Radical Scavenging by TEMPO. Relevance to “Living” Free Radical Polymerizations (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTInfluence of Acids on Reaction Rates of Free Radical Scavenging by TEMPO. Relevance to "Living" Free Radical PolymerizationsM. V. Baldoví, N. Mohtat, and J. C. ScaianoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5 Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 16, 5497–5499Publication Date (Web):July 29, 1996Publication History Received11 January 1996Revised22 April 1996Published online29 July 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma960038phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma960038pbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views628Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Free radicals,Kinetic parameters,Pharmaceuticals,Polymers,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Computer-based Decision Support in the Management of Primary Gastric non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (1998)

Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the stomach is a rare disorder for which clinical management has not yet been settled completely. Faced with the many uncertainties associated with the selection of a treatment for a patient with this disorder, it is difficult to determine the treatment that is optimal for the patient, as well as the prognosis to be expected. The development of a decision-theoretic model of non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the stomach is described. The model aims to assist the clinician in exploring various clinical questions, among others questions concerning prognosis and optimal treatment. Central to the model is a probabilistic network that offers an explicit representation of the uncertainties underlying the decision-making process. The model has been incorporated in a decision-support system. Preliminary evaluation results indicate that the performance of the model in its present form matches the performance of experienced clinicians.
Specific inhibition of mature fungal serine proteinases and metalloproteinases by their propeptides (1996)

The function of the long propeptides of fungal proteinases is not known. Aspergillus fumigatus produces a 33-kDa serine proteinase of the subtilisin family and a 42-kDa metalloproteinase of the thermolysin family. These extracellular enzymes are synthesized as preproenzymes containing large amino-terminal propeptides. Recombinant propeptides were produced in Escherichia coli as soluble fusion proteins with glutathione S-transferase or thioredoxin and purified by affinity chromatography. A. fumigatus serine proteinase propeptide competitively inhibited serine proteinase, with a Ki of 5.3 x 10(-6) M, whereas a homologous serine proteinase from A. flavus was less strongly inhibited and subtilisin was not inhibited. Binding of metalloproteinase propeptide from A. fumigatus to the mature metalloenzyme was demonstrated. This propeptide strongly inhibited its mature enzyme, with a Ki of 3 x 10(-9) M, whereas thermolysin and a metalloproteinase from A. flavus were not inhibited by this propeptide. Enzymatically inactive metalloproteinase propeptide complex could be completely activated by trypsin treatment. These results demonstrate that the propeptides of the fungal proteinases bind specifically and inhibit the respective mature enzymes, probably reflecting a biological role of keeping these extracellular enzymes inactive until secretion.
The relationship between hCG and relaxin secretion in normal pregnancies vs peri‐implantation spontaneous abortions<sup>1</sup> (1993)

There is a close temporal relationship between the secretion of trophoblastic hCG and ovarian secretion of relaxin in the peri-implantation period of normal and failing pregnancies. In failing pregnancies there is substantial variability in the quantitative relationship between relaxin and hCG, indicating that relaxin is not a reliable quantitative indicator of hCG bioactivity. Contrary to previous reports, relaxin concentrations in failing pregnancies tended to be higher than or equal to concentrations in normal pregnancies until the loss was imminent. Because of this relaxin is not a useful predictor of peri-implantation spontaneous abortions.
Trichoderma Secondary Metabolites Active on Plants and Fungal Pathogens (2014)

Beneficial microbes typically produce bioactive molecules that can affect the interactions of plants with their pathogens. Many secondary metabolites may also have antibiotic properties, which enable the producing microbe to inhibit and/or kill other microorganisms i.e. competing for a nutritional niche. Indeed, some of these compounds have been found to play an important role in the biocontrol of plant diseases by various beneficial microbes used world-wide for crop protection and bio-fertilization. In addition to direct toxic activity against plant pathogens, biocontrol-related metabolites may also increase disease resistance by triggering systemic plant defence activity, and/or enhance root and shoot growth. Fungi belonging to the Trichoderma genus are well known producers of secondary metabolites with a direct activity against phytopathogens and compounds that substantially affect the metabolism of the plant. The widescale application of selected metabolites to induce host resistance and/or to promote crop yield may become a reality in the near future and represents a powerful tool for the implementation of IPM strategies.
The Rate of Living Theory Revisited (1989)

A rereading of The Rate of Living [Pearl, University of London Press, London 1928] shows that Pearl's thoughts about the meaning of inheritance and heredity, about the relations of between and within populations measurements and about the ways in which life span should be measured are unclear. New ways in which the theory should, eventually, be tested are suggested and the genetic implications of these suggested experimental ways are given. A review is made, mainly in insects, accessorily in rodents, of the different manners in which the theory has been essayed, namely by relating life span with temperature, rate of energy expenditure, growth rate and activity. It is concluded that the theory rests on a weak theoretical basis and even on a series of highly nonplausible assumptions and that, furthermore, the evidence experimentally accumulated is, with a few odd exceptions, not in favor of the theory.
Fast gain calibration of photomultiplier and electronics (2003)

We report on a fast method for calibration of the gain of photomultiplier tubes and associated electronics. The gain was determined by the analysis of fluctuations of the signal in a fast ADC at constant illumination of photomultipliers. The theoretical description includes the effects of analogue filters, and photomultiplier afterpulses, digitization of the signal, and digital integration. In a comparison with measurements, possible errors in the calibration induced by drifts are analyzed and discussed.
Analysis of a deployed software (2007)

Analyzing a deployed software provides a means to characterize and leverage the software's runtime behavior as it is employed by its intended users. Preliminary studies have shown that leveraging the information obtained from the field provides engineers an opportunity to improve their software testing activities. The analysis of a deployed software can be performed in three stages: (1) the analysis to determine, before the software is deployed, where the instrumentation probes should be inserted into the software and what information that they should capture, (2) the analysis to determine when the field data should be sent back to the company during deployment, and (3) the analysis to leverage the field information after deployment. To make the analysis activities more feasible, we need to take into consideration that there are distinct characteristic differences between the development and the deployed environment. Deployed environment allows for less overhead,provides less control for the engineers, and requires highlyscalable techniques due to the high volume of information. Hence, the existing approaches for in-house analysis may become ineffective, inefficient, or even useless when they are directly applied to the deployed environment. Existing approaches for analyzing deployed software also need to be more aware that a technique in one analysis stage may affect the performance of a technique in other analysis stage. This research proposal details the challenges that arise when analyzing a deployed software and seeks to develop a set techniques to address these challenges that can be applied to each stage or across the analysis stages.
Cross-Layer Architectures for Bandwidth Management in Wireless Networks (2006)

Bandwidth is a scarce and variable resource in all types of wireless networks. Tracking the available bandwidth and having all applications using the wireless channel adapt their quality of service (QoS) to the available bandwidth is a complex procedure. It requires several adjustments at each layer of the OSI protocol stack. Moreover, the procedures at each layer of the stack must co-operatively interact with those at the other to ensure maximum satisfaction for users. In this survey, we picked six approaches that each adopt such a cross-layer approach towards monitoring and adapting to the variable channel capacity. We briefly described the salient features of the six architectures and compared and contrasted the methods they employ at each layer of the protocol stack. We also give our views on future directions in cross-layer design for bandwidth management in wireless networks.
Cloning and expression of cDNA for rat O<sup>6</sup>-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferse (1991)

cDNA for O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase was isolated by screening rat liver cDNA libraries, using as a probe the human cDNA sequence for methyltransferase. The rat cDNA encodes a protein with 209 amino acid residues. The predicted amino acid sequence of the rat methyltransferase exhibits considerable homology with those of the human, yeast and bacterial enzymes, especially around putative methyl acceptor sites. When the cDNA was placed under control of the lac promoter and expressed in methyltransferase-deficient Escherichia coli (ada-, ogt-) cells, a characteristic methyltransferase protein was produced. The rat DNA methyltransferase thus expressed could complement the biological defects of the E. coli cell caused by lack of its own DNA methyltransferases; e.g. increased sensitivity to alkylating agents in terms of both cell death and mutation induction.
Design study for a CDMA-based LEO satellite network: downlink system level parameters (1996)

The performance analysis of a new concept of a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) based low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite network for mobile satellite communications is presented and discussed. The starting point was to analyze the feasibility of implementing multisatellite and multipath diversity reception in a CDMA network for LEO satellites. The results are used to specify the design parameters for a system experimental test bed. Due to the extremely high Doppler, which is characteristic of LEO satellites, code acquisition is significantly simplified by using a continuous wave (CW) pilot carrier for Doppler estimation and compensation. The basic elements for the analysis presented are: the channel model, the pilot carrier frequency estimation for Doppler compensation, and multipath and multisatellite diversity combining.
The Half-life, Metabolism and Excretion of Tritiated Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LH-RH) in Man (1973)

Synthetic 3H-labeled luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) with a specific activity of 18.3 Ci/mM and the same biological activity as pure porcine LH-RH was used to study the half-life, metabolism and urinary excretion of LH-RH in man. Seven healthy men were given a rapid iv injection of 42 μCi of 3H-LH-RH, followed in 6 of the subjects by 250 μg unlabeled LH-RH. Frequent samples of blood and urine were collected. There was a mean maximum increase in plasma levels of LH of 963% and FSH of 312% in samples obtained 30 min after injection. A plot of the disappearance times in the plasma was characteristic of a multiexponential curve. The half-life of the first exponential curve, which probably represents the half-life of LH-RH in man, was 4 min and for the second curve was 57 min. The distribution volume, when expressed as a percentage of body weight was 8.7%. One hr after the injection of the labeled LH-RH, 48.2 ± 5.4% of the dose of radioactivity was found in the urine and after 24 hr 73.5 ± 5.4% had been excreted. Extraction of the urine followed by chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose and thin-layer electrophoresis showed most of the radioactivity to be associated with pyroglutamic acid (5–10%) and the dipeptide, pyroglutamyl-histidine (80–90%). None of the radioactivity was found in areas with the same Rf as LH-RH itself. These data suggest that one of the mechanisms for inactivation of LH-RH is the cleavage of pyroglutamyl-histidine moiety from the N-terminus of LH-RH.
Isolation of a rice regeneration quantitative trait loci gene and its application to transformation systems (2005)

Regeneration of plant organs is often the essential step in genetic transformation; however, the regeneration ability of a plant varies depending on the genetic background. By conventional crosses of low-regeneration rice strain Koshihikari with high-regeneration rice strain Kasalath, we identified some quantitative trait loci, which control the regeneration ability in rice. Using a map-based cloning strategy, we isolated a main quantitative trait loci gene encoding ferredoxin-nitrite reductase (NiR) that determines regeneration ability in rice. Molecular analyses revealed that the poor regeneration ability of Koshihikari is caused by lower expression than in Kasalath and the specific activity of NiR. Using the NiR gene as a selection marker, we succeeded in selectively transforming a foreign gene into rice without exogenous marker genes. Our results demonstrate that nitrate assimilation is an important process in rice regeneration and also provide an additional selectable marker for rice transformation.
Über Methacryloyl‐ bzw. Acryloyl‐dicyandiamid und einige <i>s</i>‐Triazin‐Derivate (1966)

Abstract Durch partielle Hydrolyse von Methacryloyl‐ bzw. Acryloyl‐dicyandiamid ( 1a bzw. 1b ), die aus Dicyandiamid und dem entsprechenden Säurechlorid im alkalischen Medium darstellbar sind, erhält man [Methacryloyl‐guanyl]‐ bzw. [Acryloyl‐guanyl]‐harnstoff ( 2a bzw. 2b ). 2a cyclisiert in der Hitze unter H 2 O‐Abspaltung zu 6‐Amino‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐isopropenyl‐1.3.5‐triazin ( 3 ). — Aus Tetramethylen‐di‐biguanid‐ bzw. Hexamethylen‐di‐biguanid‐dihydrochlorid ( 4a bzw. 4b ), die bei der Umsetzung von Dicyandiamid mit dem betreffenden Polymethylendiamin‐dihydrochlorid entstehen, werden mit Methacrylsäurechlorid in Natronlauge und Aceton das zweifach ungesättigte N.N ′‐Bis‐[6‐amino‐4‐isopropenyl‐1.3.5‐triazinyl‐(2)]‐tetramethylendiamin bzw. ‐hexamethylendiamin ( 5a bzw. 5b ) gebildet.
High-Speed Photoacoustic Microscopy In Vivo (2010)

The overarching goal of this research is to develop a novel photoacoustic microscopy: PAM) technology capable of high-speed, high-resolution 3D imaging in vivo. PAM combines the advantages of optical absorption contrast and ultrasonic resolution for deep imaging beyond the quasi-ballistic regime. Its high sensitivity to optical absorption enables the imaging of important physiological parameters, such as hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation, which closely correlate with angiogenesis and hypermetabolism--two hallmarks of cancer. To translate PAM to the clinic, both high imaging speed and high spatial resolution are desired. With high spatial resolution, PAM can detect small structural and functional changes early; whereas, high-speed image acquisition helps reduce motion artifacts, patient discomfort, cost, and potentially the risks associated with minimally invasive procedures such as endoscopy and intravascular imaging. To achieve high imaging speed, we have constructed a PAM system using a linear ultrasound array and a kHz-repetition-rate tunable laser. The system has achieved a 249-Hz B-scan rate and a 0.5-Hz 3D imaging rate: over ~6 mm ├ù 10 mm ├ù 3 mm), over 200 times faster than existing mechanical scanning PAM using a single ultrasonic transducer. In addition, high-speed optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy: OR-PAM) technology has been developed, in which the spatial resolution in one or two dimension(s) is defined by the diffraction-limited optical focus. Using section illumination, the elevational resolution of the system has been improved from ~300 micron to ~28 micron, resulting in a significant improvement in the 3D image quality. Furthermore, multiple optical foci with a microlens array have been used to provide finer than 10-micron lateral resolution--enabling the system to image capillary-level microvessels in vivo--while offering a speed potentially 20 times faster than previously existing single-focus OR-PAM. Finally, potential biomedical applications of the developed technology have been demonstrated through in vivo imaging of murine sentinel lymph nodes, microcirculation dynamics, and human pulsatile dynamics. In the future, this high-speed PAM technology may be adapted for clinical imaging of diabetes-induced vascular complications or tumor angiogenesis, or miniaturized for gastrointestinal or intravascular applications.