gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunofluorescence Study of Corneal Wound Healing After Excimer Laser Anterior Keratectomy in the Monkey Eye (1990)

We performed anterior keratectomies on six monkey eyes, four by excimer laser large-area ablation at 193 nm and two by mechanical keratectomy. Immunofluorescence was used to study the wound healing response histopathologically. The distribution of fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin, collagen types III, IV, and VI, and keratan sulfate was determined at postoperative intervals of 24 hours, 6 days, and 1 month. At 24 hours, fibrinogen and fibronectin coated the ablated surface, but corneal epithelial cells had not yet migrated over the wound. By 6 days and persisting at 1 month, an epithelial ingrowth of seven to 10 layers, mild stromal hypercellularity, and new collagen formation were present in the repair region. At 1 month, fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin, and type III collagen were strongly detected in the repair region. Type VI collagen was present in both normal and healed corneal stroma at all intervals, and type IV collagen was present in Descemet's membrane only. Sulfated keratan sulfate was absent from the newly synthesized collagen stroma at all intervals. Slit-lamp photographs demonstrated corneal haze in the ablation zone in all cases at 24 hours, persisting for 1 month. The fluorescence patterns produced by excimer laser ablation and mechanical keratectomy were qualitatively identical.
The Impact of Endocrine Disruptors on Endocrine Targets (2010)

Endocrine disruption represents one of the most controversial environmental issues of our époque. So far, many substances, both natural and artificial, have been recognized to interfere with endocrine signaling pathways. In intact laboratory animals, this interaction has been documented to generate adverse health outcomes by impairing normal functions. With regard to humans, evidence is limited and inconsistent to clearly establish a causal inference, however, accumulating data incriminate endocrine disrupting chemicals to reproductive disorders and disturbed thyroid homeostasis. Recently, as a result of animal models and preliminary human studies, a new area of interest has arisen concerning the implication of endocrine disruptors in the etiology of obesity and diabetes, the two major, life-threatening, epidemics of modern world. This article reviews the evidence linking endocrine disrupting chemicals to a broad spectrum of clinical perturbations from reproduction and thyroid to metabolic regulation.
Reduced redundant power processing (R2P2) PFC voltage regulators: Circuit synthesis and control (2000)

Periodicity in materials yields interesting and useful phenomena. Applied to the propagation of light, periodicity gives rise to photonic crystals, which can be precisely engineered for such applications as guiding and dispersing optical beams, tightly confining and trapping light resonantly, and enhancing nonlinear optical interactions. Photonic crystals can also be formed into planar lightwave circuits for the integration of optical and electrical microsystems. In a photonic crystal, the periodicity of the host medium is used to manipulate the properties of light, whereas a phononic crystal uses periodicity to manipulate mechanical vibrations. As has been demonstrated in studies of Raman-like scattering in epitaxially grown vertical cavity structures and photonic crystal fibres, the simultaneous confinement of mechanical and optical modes in periodic structures can lead to greatly enhanced light-matter interactions. A logical next step is thus to create planar circuits that act as both photonic and phononic crystals: optomechanical crystals. Here we describe the design, fabrication and characterization of a planar, silicon-chip-based optomechanical crystal capable of co-localizing and strongly coupling 200-terahertz photons and 2-gigahertz phonons. These planar optomechanical crystals bring the powerful techniques of optics and photonic crystals to bear on phononic crystals, providing exquisitely sensitive (near quantum-limited), optical measurements of mechanical vibrations, while simultaneously providing strong nonlinear interactions for optics in a large and technologically relevant range of frequencies.
Portuguese-type amyloidosis (transthyretin amyloidosis, ATTR V30M) (2003)

Portuguese-type amyloidosis (transthyretin amyloidosis, ATTR V30M) is the most common form of systemic hereditary amyloidosis, inherited in autosomal dominant mode. The disease, also called familial amyloid polyneuropathy type I (FAP-I), is caused by a mutant transthyretin (TTR) protein, which is synthesized by the liver. A single amino acid substitution of methionine for valine at position 30 of the TTR molecule (TTR V30M) was found in Portuguese patients. The clinical disease usually manifests as a peripheral sensory, motor and autonomic neuropathy starting in the 3rd or 4th decade of life. Renal manifestations of ATTR V30M, like other amyloidoses, are different levels of proteinuria and renal insufficiency. In ATTR V30M a large amyloid deposition in the medullary zone of the kidney and tubules is characteristic. A more extensive glomerular and vascular involvement is present only in patients with renal manifestations. A prospective survey in the north of Portugal showed that a stage of microalbuminuria (MA) could precede nephropathy and neurological disease. Nephropathy in FAP-I is present in one-third of affected patients and tends to aggregate in families. The progression towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD) affects 10% of the patients, and the survival after initiation of dialysis is a mean of 21 months. Patients who progress to ESRD have a late onset of neuropathy and lower prevalence of clinical disease in their families. Liver transplantation is a widely accepted treatment for FAP-I, and combined liver-kidney transplantation is also an option for selected patients with FAP-I and ESRD.
The Importance of Corrosion Research (1962)

The advent of stainless steels marks a symbolic advance in man's struggle against rust. Their availability through research has been an important factor in industrial and architectural progress. Cathodic protection, which began as a fundamental research project in electrochemistry, now makes possible the transportation of oil and gas in pipelines, contributes longer life to hot-water tanks, and provides potentially large savings in many other areas. The national economy benefits in the order of hundreds of millions of dollars annually through this and additional corrosion control measures adopted by the automotive, oil and chemical industries. Protection of boilers through water treatment and improvement in the corrosion resistance of steel used for tin-coated containers for food and beverages are further examples of economic advantages gained through corrosion research. The over-all savings, however, have been not only in dollars, but also in the conservation of natural resources, and in the reduction of accidents caused by stress-corrosion cracking of pressure vessels, or corrosion fatigue of critical components of airplanes and of other high-speed machinery. Recent advances in corrosion science and engineering have led to vapor-phase inhibitors, new alloys for resisting chemical media and elevated temperature environments, titanium alloys of improved corrosion resistance, anodic protection, and stainless steels resistant to stress-corrosion cracking. The full contributions of these developments to the total national production have not yet been realized. Corrosion failures affect all industries, all communities, hence all people, with no one group feeling responsible for investing in a research program which benefits everybody. Like problems of public health, the solutions must be met on a broad front with general public support. It is proposed that a National Institute for Corrosion Control be created paralleling the National Institutes of Health. Such an Institute would be concerned with research and development, with the training of men, and with the dissemination of corrosion knowledge. The positive influence of such an organization could have an appreciable impact on the American economy. 1.2.1,1,2.2
High temperature magnetic properties of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles (2011)

Magnetic properties such as Curie temperature (TC), saturation magnetization (Ms), remanent magnetization (Mr), and coercivity (Hc) of nanoparticles of magnesium ferrites (MgFe2O4) were studied in a broad range of temperatures varying from room temperature to 800 K. The magnetization decreases with increasing temperature, approaching 0 at ∼ 750 K. The Curie temperature, determined by means of the inverse susceptibility versus temperature, was ∼738 K. The saturation magnetization, coercivity, and remanence decreased with increasing temperature, being close to 0 at temperatures near TC. However, for temperatures 100 K above room temperature, these magnetic properties were still the same as those at room temperature. The coercivity temperature dependence could be expressed in terms of T3/4, indicating that MgFe2O4 nanoparticles may form a system of random and noninteracting identical particles. The results are discussed in terms of interparticle interactions induced by the thermal fluctuations, cation distribution, and other imperfections that exert fields on Mg2+ ions that could increase with temperature.
Application-Specific Performance-Aware Energy Optimization on Android Mobile Devices (2017)

Energy management is a key issue for mobile devices. On current Android devices, power management relies heavily on OS modules known as governors. These modules are created for various hardware components, including the CPU, to support DVFS. They implement algorithms that attempt to balance performance and power consumption. In this paper we make the observation that the existing governors are (1) general-purpose by nature (2) focused on power reduction and (3) are not energy-optimal for many applications. We thus establish the need for an application-specific approach that could overcome these drawbacks and provide higher energy efficiency for suitable applications. We also show that existing methods manage power and performance in an independent and isolated fashion and that co-ordinated control of multiple components can save more energy. In addition, we note that on mobile devices, energy savings cannot be achieved at the expense of performance. Consequently, we propose a solution that minimizes energy consumption of specific applications while maintaining a user-specified performance target. Our solution consists of two stages: (1) offline profiling and (2) online controlling. Utilizing the offline profiling data of the target application, our control theory based online controller dynamically selects the optimal system configuration (in this paper, combination of CPU frequency and memory bandwidth) for the application, while it is running. Our energy management solution is tested on a Nexus 6 smartphone with 6 real-world applications. We achieve 4 - 31% better energy than default governors with a worst case performance loss of <; 1%.
Efficient Large-Scale Point Cloud Registration Using Loop Closures (2015)

Alignment of many 3D point clouds, possibly captured by multiple devices at different times, is a critical step for increasingly popular applications such as 3D model construction and augmented reality. For very large data sets, traditional methods such as ICP can become computationally intractable, or produce poor results. We present an efficient method for accurately aligning very large numbers of dense 3D point clouds, and apply it to a city-scale data set. The method relies on the novel combination of 1) partitioning the point clouds based on loop structures detected across a combined network of all device capture paths, and 2) making use of the loop closure property to accurately align point clouds within each sub-problem. Final global alignment of the loop-based results is formulated as a least squares optimization with closed form solution. Experimental results are shown for aligning 3D points across the entire city of San Francisco with centimeter-scale accuracy, via an efficient parallelized architecture.
MPEG-2 nonlinear temporally scalable coding and hybrid quantization (2002)

In this paper, we investigate the MPEG-2 temporal scalability syntax and introduce a new approach to temporally scalable coding. Temporal scalability is provided by employing various nonlinear prediction and demultiplexing schemes. A nonlinear deinterlacing algorithm is presented and the related issues on interlaced, progressive and mixed mode video processing are addressed. In addition to the considered scalability techniques, a lookahead quantization scheme is presented for P- and B-type picture coding, which improves the coding performance by selective combination of the DCT domain scalar quantization and entropy-constrained vector quantization. Remarkable performance improvement over the simulcast coding is achieved.
Strain of GaAs/GaAsP Superlattices Used as Spin-Polarized Electron Photocathodes, Determined by X-Ray Diffraction (2010)

The strains in GaAs/GaAsP superlattices used in spin-polarized photocathodes grown on GaAs and GaP (001) substrates were determined by X-ray diffraction. The thicknesses of the GaAs wells and GaAsP barrier layers were also determined. The band structures of the superlattices were calculated on the basis of these experimentally determined strains and layer thicknesses. The thicknesses and band structures were in good agreement with those observed by transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence, respectively. The strains induced in the GaAs well layers were approximately linearly dependent upon the phosphorous fraction in the GaAsP layer, and the splitting between the heavy hole band and the light hole band of the superlattices grown on GaP substrates was larger than that of superlattices grown on GaAs substrates. In photocathodes grown on GaP substrates, low polarizations were observed, not due to a lack of band splitting, but to depolarization scattering caused by crystal defects, which were different from that induced in superlattices grown on GaAs substrates. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2010.125]
Zinc-Mediated Reduction of Apoptosis in Cardiac Allografts (2000)

Apoptosis that occurs in acute cardiac allograft rejection is reduced with ZnCl(2) in a dose-dependent manner via caspase-3 inhibition.
The Prospects for Red-Cell Substitutes (2000)

Blood is still the best thing possible to have in our veins, according to Woody Allen, and that is certainly the case when the blood is our own. We are not so confident, however, about other people's blood, the transfusion of which can cause unexpected, unexplained, and occasionally lethal complications. It is little wonder, then, that there are such high hopes for the development of safe alternatives to blood.The term “blood substitute” is a misnomer. So-called blood substitutes replace just one or possibly two functions of transfused blood — oxygen delivery and volume expansion — and thus are more . . .
Development of an on-line parameter estimation system using the discrete modal filter (1992)

Ongoing development of an automated system for monitoring the frequency and damping of time varying structural systems is discussed. A spatial filtering technique called the discrete modal filter is used to uncouple multiple response measurements into modal coordinate responses. Since the modal coordinate responses are the responses of single-degree-of-freedom systems, the frequency and damping may be accurately estimated with short data records. An on-line monitoring system is discussed which may be useful in a variety of applications. The focus in this paper is on the application to aircraft flight flutter testing.
Specialized optical fibre sensor array for structural damage detection (2016)

We describe a sensor system for damage detection in concrete structures after extreme events such as earthquakes. The system employs large array of optical fibres (up to 256 fibres) that are either embedded in, or bonded to the surface of the structural element or elements under test. A structural damage (cracks or complete failure) results in breaking of one or several optical fibres and sharp decrease in their optical transmission. The fibres are interrogated using a matrix-type optical fibre circuit with 16 optical transmitters and 16 optical receivers that operate in the TDM mode. This type of system can be used for monitoring of large arrays of other intensity-type optical sensors.
A SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR EDDY-CURRENT NDE USING FERRITE-CORED PROBES (1992)

Abstract A semi-empirical model is used to predict the change in coil impedance ΔZ due to currents induced in a conducting plate by an axisymmetric ferrite-cored coil. The model uses experimental (rather than theoretical) values of the Hankel transform of the magnetic field produced by the source coil as an input to the calculations of ΔZ and avoids lengthy finite-element or boundary-element compulations. The validity of the model was tested using experimental measurements of ΔZ for both an air-cored and ferrite-cored coil. The calculated and measured values of ΔZ agree to within 15%or better.
Imidacloprid Crystal Polymorphs for Disease Vector Control and Pollinator Protection (2021)

Imidacloprid, the world's leading insecticide, has been approved recently for controlling infectious disease vectors; yet, in agricultural settings, it has been implicated in the frightening decline of pollinators. This argues for strategies that sharply reduce the environmental impact of imidacloprid. When used as a contact insecticide, the effectiveness of imidacloprid relies on physical contact between its crystal surfaces and insect tarsi. Herein, seven new imidacloprid crystal polymorphs are reported, adding to two known forms. Anticipating that insect uptake of imidacloprid molecules would depend on the respective free energies of crystal polymorph surfaces, measurements of insect knockdown times for the metastable crystal forms were as much as nine times faster acting than the commercial form against <i>Aedes, Anopheles</i>, and <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes as well as <i>Drosophila</i> (fruit flies). These results suggest that replacement of commercially available imidacloprid crystals (a.k.a. Form I) in space-spraying with any one of three new polymorphs, Forms IV, VI, IX, would suppress vector-borne disease transmission while reducing environmental exposure and harm to nontarget organisms.
Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@organic@Au: core–shell nanocomposites with high saturation magnetisation as magnetoplasmonic MRI contrast agents (2010)

The synthesis and characterization of core-shell Fe(3)O(4)@organic@Au nanoparticles displaying plasmonic behavior, high magnetism, and high relaxivity is presented. The incorporation of a thin organic layer between the two metals is crucial in maintaining the saturation magnetisation of the superparamagnetic core.
Establishment of national datasets for mental health and substance abuse treatment services. (1990)

Congress has recognized the importance of having complete and uniform data available from the states in order to determine the need for additional funding for services within the mental health and substance abuse service delivery system. Congress also needs data to determine the effectiveness of available services and to evaluate the typology of clients served. In order to ensure that the necessary data are available for Congress, grant funds have been allocated to many states in order to 1) implement a uniform dataset for substance abusers which will ultimately lead to a national database, and 2) promote the adoption of the Mental Health Statistics Improvement Program to allow the National Institute of Mental Health to receive uniform data upon request. Collection of the data needed by Congress will have to begin at the facility level. Therefore medical record professionals working or consulting in mental health and substance abuse facilities need to be aware of the national data sets and must be prepared for changes in data reporting requirements to their state mental health and substance abuse agencies.
Electroluminescent Properties of a Novel σ<sup>*</sup>–π<sup>*</sup> Conjugated Polymer, Poly[1,1-(2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilole)] (1999)

The optical and electronic properties of a σ * –π * conjugated polymer, poly[1,1-(2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilole)] (PTPS), have been studied. PTPS shows emissions of σ * –π and π * –π transitions at 356 and 520 nm, respectively. PTPS light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a single layer structure emit green-yellow light, corresponding to the π * –π transition, with an external quantum efficiency of 3×10 -2 %. The effect of the doping of poly(methylphenylsilane) (PMPS), a good hole transport material, into PTPS has also been studied. The shapes of the photoluminescence spectra of PMPS:PTPS films are the same as those of a PTPS film, indicating efficient energy transfer from PMPS to PTPS. PTPS:PMPS LEDs emit essentially the same green-yellow light as PTPS LEDs and exhibit better device characteristics than those without PMPS, that is, smaller turn-on voltages, larger current densities, and larger external quantum efficiencies. The PMPS:PTPS (PMPS: 30 wt%) LEDs show a luminance of 27 cd/m 2 at a driving current density of 13 mA/cm 2 .
Creating jobs for rural youth in Andhra Pradesh, India (2010)

One job per poor rural family. This is the goal of the Employment Generation & Marketing Mission (EGMM), which was established in 2005 by the Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Program (APRPRP). Andhra Pradesh's unemployment rate is slightly higher than that of India, but these numbers do not give the full picture of employment challenges. Rural areas are plagued with low incomes and underemployment with many people working in the informal sector, manual labor or seasonal small scale farming. EGMM's mission is to respond to this problem by facilitating employment in the formal sector which offers more stable and higher incomes for economically underprivileged rural youth so that poor households can leave poverty within one generation. To achieve its goal of generating employment for rural youth, EGMM works with the state government, the private sector, and community institutions of the rural poor. Accurate targeting is an important component of the program. EGMM targets rural youth from poor families of SHGs who are between 18 and 28 years of age.
Platelet activation during preparation and storage of concentrates (1991)

This paper describes a rapid, whole blood micro-method for assessing the activation status of platelets that can be used to monitor changes occurring during the preparation and storage of platelet concentrates. Platelets are examined for the expression of markers of early activation (fibrinogen binding) and of degranulation (GP53 and GMP-140 expression), using flow cytometry. Fibrinogen binding can be detected in a number of blood packs even before processing. Platelet concentrates prepared by the washed platelet method become further activated during centrifugation and separation. More than 90% of platelets in freshly prepared concentrates carried bound fibrinogen (90.9 +/- 7.7%) whilst the GP53 and GMP-140 antigens were expressed on 11.3 +/- 3.3% and 13.7 +/- 5.1 of these cells respectively (mean +/- SD). Fibrinogen binding fell on storage of the platelets for four days, attributed to shedding of the fibrinogen molecule.
Modular robots for making and climbing 3-D trusses (2006)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.