gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IgM capture ELISA for detection of IgM antibodies to dengue virus: comparison of 2 formats using hemagglutinins and cell culture derived antigens. (1992)

The highly sensitive AFRIMS format IgM capture ELISA for the diagnosis of dengue virus infections requires the use of mouse brain derived hemagglutinins and consequently also the use of 20% acetone extracted normal human serum to eliminate high background. These reagents are not always easily available and we have thus compared the AFRIMS format with another published format which uses cell culture derived antigens (culture fluid, CF, format) in order to determine if it is reasonable to use cell culture derived antigens in situations where hemagglutinins and normal human serum are difficult to obtain. The study shows that using AFRIMS results as the reference point, the CF format described here has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 96%.
Surfactants in solution, vol. III (1984)

This book is the third in a set of three volumes constituting the proceedings of an international symposium on surfactants in solution, held in Lund, Sweden in 1982. This particular volume contains sections on micellar systems, especially reversed micelles, microemulsions and reactions in microemulsions, the hydrophile-lipophile balance, polymerization of surfactant systems, and light scattering by liquid surfaces. Additional topics include the stability of liposomes, determination of liquid-liquid interfacial tensions and simulation studies of the breakdown of the PoissonBoltzmann approximation in polyelectrolyte systems.
ULSI DRAM technology with Ba/sub 0.7/Sr/sub 0.3/TiO/sub 3/ film of 1.3nm equivalent SiO/sub 2/ thickness and 10/sup -9/ A/cm/sup 2/ leakage current (1992)

A high-dielectric constant material have received increasing attention in view of an application to ULSI DRAMs for keeping a simple cell structure. We demonstrate a new technology with a planar-type single stacked structure utilizing a high-dielectric constant film of Ba/sub 1-x/Sr/sub x/TiO/sub 3/ (BST). The fabricated memory cell capacitor shows a low leakage current of 2*10/sup -9/ A/cm/sup 2/ under an applied voltage of 3.3V and a large capacitance of 32fF/um/sup 2/, which means that the BST film is equivalently as thin as 1.3nm of SiO/sub 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-resolution phonetic/segmental features and models for HMM-based speech recognition (1997)

This paper explores the modelling of phonetic segments of speech with multi-resolution spectral/time correlates. For spectral representation a set of multi-resolution cepstral features are proposed. Cepstral features obtained from a DCT of the log energy-spectrum over the full voice-bandwidth (100-4000 Hz) are combined with higher resolution features obtained from the DCT of upper subband (say 100-2100) and lower subband (2100-4000) halves. This approach can be extended to several levels of different resolutions. For representation of the temporal structure of speech segments or phonetic units, the conventional cepstral and dynamic cepstral features representing speech at the sub-phonetic levels, are supplemented by a set of phonetic features that describe the trajectory of speech over the duration of a phonetic unit. A conditional probability model for phonetic and sub-phonetic features is considered. Experiments demonstrate that the inclusion of the segmental features result in about 10% decrease in error rates.
Benzophenone-photosensitized autoxidation of linoleate in solution and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles (1987)

Diffusion studies show that benzophenone (BP), linoleic acid, and methyl linoleate partition completely into the micelles of phosphate buffer/0.10 M SDS. Water-soluble compounds 4-sulphomethylbenzophenone, sodium salt (BP − ), azobis(2-amidinopropane•HCl) (ABAP) and 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-6-hydroxychroman-2-carboxylate (Trolox) show partial partitioning into the micelles. BP- and BP − -photosensitized oxidation of linoleic acid in 0.50 M SDS exhibited characteristics of free radical chain reactions including: (1) inhibition by phenolic antioxidants, (2) no retardation by singlet oxygen quenchers, and (3) the formation of conjugated hydroperoxides with cis,trans to trans,trans ratios of geometrical isomers typical of autoxidation. Quantitative kinetic studies of the order in substrate, RH, and the rate of chain initiation, R i , show that the classical rate law, −d[O 2 ]/dt = k p /2k t 1/2 [RH]R i 1/2 applies to BP-photoinitiated autoxidation of linoleic acid in SDS and the oxidizability (k p /2k t 1/2 = 4.42 × 10 −2 M −1/2 s − 1/2) is the same as that found with a thermal initiator. The rotating sector method gave absolute rate constants for linoleic acid autoxidation in 0.50 M SDS for propagation (k p = 36.2 M −1 s −1 ) and termination (2k t = 3.52 × 10 5 M −1 s −1 ), significantly lower than values in polar organic solvents; attributed to solvation of polar peroxyls in aqueous SDS. Depressed inhibition rate constants (k inh ) for α-tocopherol, Trolox, and pentamefhylhydroxychroman (PMHC) in 0.50 M SDS compared to k inh in tert-butyl alcohol are attributed to hydrogen bonding effects on the peroxyl radicals and on the inhibitors.
Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance: links in a chain or spokes on a wheel? (1996)

Rather than a link in a causal chain leading to hypertension, insulin resistance and resultant hyperinsulinemia may be 'spokes on a wheel', with central or visceral obesity as the postulated hub of the wheel. Hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and high density lipoprotein cholesterol are depicted as other spokes. Newly identified metabolic pathways in adipose tissue or the modulating effects of various predisposing genes may lead to variable expression of various components of the multiple metabolic syndrome in individuals with a predisposition to the collection of visceral fat.
Synergy between 5‐<scp>HT</scp><sub>4</sub>receptor stimulation and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition in facilitating acetylcholine release in human large intestinal circular muscle (2017)

In human large intestinal circular muscle, the intracellular pathway of 5-HT<sub>4</sub> receptors facilitating cholinergic neurotransmission to large intestinal circular smooth muscle is controlled by PDE4. If the synergy between 5-HT<sub>4</sub> receptor agonism and PDE4 inhibition is confirmed in a functional assay with electrically induced cholinergic contractions of human large intestinal circular smooth muscle strips, combination of a selective 5-HT<sub>4</sub> receptor agonist with a selective PDE4 inhibitor might enhance the in vivo prokinetic effect of the 5-HT<sub>4</sub> receptor agonist in the large intestine.
High conductivity and chemical stability of BaCe1−x−yZrxYyO3−δ proton conductors prepared by a sol–gel method (2008)

High-temperature proton conductors are promising as electrolytes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Among them, BaCeO3-based materials have high proton conductivity but rather poor chemical stability. In contrast, barium zirconates are rather stable, but have poorly reproducible densities and conductivities. In this study, the investigation of BaCe1−x−yZrxYyO3−δ solid solutions (x = 0, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40; y = 0.15, 0.20) was undertaken, with the final aim of finding a composition having both high conductivity and good stability. The influence of the modified sol–gel Pechini synthetic approach on the powder morphology, and of a barium excess on the densification were demonstrated. Single-phase perovskite powders were prepared and high density pellets were obtained at temperatures lower than those commonly employed. Stability tests demonstrated that the Zr introduction into doped barium cerate greatly enhanced the chemical stability, particularly for Zr ≥ 20%. The proton conductivities, measured in a humidified H2/Ar atmosphere by impedance spectroscopy, were only slightly influenced by the Zr amount. Overall, BaCe1−x−yZrxYyO3−δ solid solutions having Zr ≈ 20–40% and Y ≈ 15–20% showed good chemical stability and high conductivity.
Delegated Access for Hadoop Clusters in the Cloud (2014)

Among Big Data technologies, Hadoop stands out for its capacity to store and process large-scale datasets. However, although Hadoop was not designed with security in mind, it is widely used by plenty of organizations, some of which have strong data protection requirements. Traditional access control solutions are not enough, and cryptographic solutions must be put in place to protect sensitive information. In this paper, we describe a cryptographically-enforced access control system for Hadoop, based on proxy re-encryption. Our proposed solution fits in well with the outsourcing of Big Data processing to the cloud, since information can be stored in encrypted form in external servers in the cloud and processed only if access has been delegated. Experimental results show that the overhead produced by our solution is manageable, which makes it suitable for some applications.
Comparison of noise sources in dual- and single-beam Fourier-transform near-infrared spectrometry (2005)

We report the results of noise source investigations and stability tests in both dual- and single-beam Fourier-transform near-infrared operation. The noise sources are divided into two parts: intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic noise sources, which include detector system noise, are common for both modes of operation. The extrinsic sources, which include variations in ambient conditions (room temperature, atmospheric gaseous components, and source scintillations), are shown to be smaller in dual-beam operation than in single-beam operation by a factor of 2-10. The results are based on interferograms measured in specified time intervals. The root-mean-square values are calculated at each retardation point. The values obtained near the centerburst and average values obtained for the dual-beam operation are compared with the intrinsic noise value obtained for single-beam operation. The dual-beam advantage is observed in both open-beam and liquid cell measurements, and it corresponds well with earlier results based on multivariate calibration techniques applied on aqueous solutions.
Gesture recognition on smart cameras (2013)

Gesture recognition is a feature in human-machine interaction that allows more natural interaction without the use of complex devices. For this reason, several methods of gesture recognition have been developed in recent years. However, most real time methods are designed to operate on a Personal Computer with high computing resources and memory. In this paper, we analyze relevant methods found in the literature in order to investigate the ability of smart camera to execute gesture recognition algorithms. We elaborate two hand gesture recognition pipelines. The first method is based on invariant moments extraction and the second on finger tips detection. The hand detection method used for both pipeline is based on skin color segmentation. The results obtained show that the un-optimized versions of invariant moments method and finger tips detection method can reach 10 fps on embedded processor and use about 200 kB of memory.
Decrease and Recovery of <i>N</i> -Acetylaspartate/Creatine in Rat Brain Remote from Focal Injury (2001)

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies on traumatic brain injury (TBI) have shown that the neuronal metabolite N-acetylaspartate (NAA) may be reduced in regions of brain remote from sites of focal injury. Such reductions have generally been attributed to diffuse axonal injury (DAI) or neuron death. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of metabolic depression, in the absence of DAI or cell death, to remote NAA reduction after TBI. The right sensorimotor cortices of adult rats were injured by weight drop. Two and six days later, tissue slices from the ipsilateral occipital cortex, or from the same region in uninjured rats, were superfused and examined by 1H-MRS. The occipital cortex has been shown to have negligible DAI or cell death but marked transient metabolic depression in this model of TBI. Two days after injury, the ratio of the NAA peak height to the total creatine peak height (NAA/TCr) was 14% lower than in control samples. Six days after injury, NAA/TCr recovered to within 7% of the control value. The time course of NAA/TCr decrease and recovery was similar to the time courses of widespread depression and recovery of 2-deoxyglucose uptake and mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity measured previously in this model of TBI. Together, these results suggest that at least one component of remote NAA depression after TBI may be associated with a widespread and reversible metabolic depression that is unrelated to either DAI or cell death.
BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (2007)

A 28-year-old woman with recently diagnosed chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) presents for consideration of appropriate treatment. No siblings are available as candidate donors for stem-cell transplantation. Imatinib, an inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase present in almost all CML, is recommended. The patient may need to take imatinib indefinitely to maintain suppression of abnormal bone marrow clones.
The Synthesis of Mercaptoalkanesulfonic Acids (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Mercaptoalkanesulfonic AcidsCharles H. Schramm, Henry Lemaire, and R. H. KarlsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 23, 6231–6233Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01628a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01628a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hereditary variations in monoamine oxidase as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (1994)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brainstem. Recent studies suggest that several genes may have a role in determining individual susceptibility to this disease, and the degradative enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) has been implicated in the disease process. Wide differences in activity levels for both forms of this enzyme (MAO-A and MAO-B) exist in the human population, and levels of both are genetically determined. Here we have compared the frequency of haplotypes at the MAOA and MAOB loci on the X chromosome in 91 male patients with PD and 129 male controls. Alleles were marked using two restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), a (GT)n repeat in the MAOA locus, and a (GT)n repeat in the MAOB locus. One particular haplotype marked by the RFLP's at MAOA was three times more frequent in patients with PD as compared with controls, and the overall distribution of these alleles was significantly different (p = 0.03) between these two groups. Another MAOA haplotype was about threefold more common in controls than in patients with PD (p = 0.005). No associations were observed between individual MAOB alleles and the disease state, but the frequency distribution for all alleles was significantly different in the two populations (p = 0.046). These findings support the idea that the MAO genes may be among the hereditary factors that influence susceptibility of individuals to PD.
Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of the cDNA of the mitochondrial form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from human liver (1996)

In human liver, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK; EC 4.1.1.32) is about equally distributed between cytosol and mitochondria in contrast with rat liver in which it is essentially a cytosolic enzyme. Recently, the isolation of the gene and cDNA of the human cytosolic enzyme has been reported [Ting, Burgess, Chamberlian, Keith, Falls and Meisler (1993) Genomics 16, 698-706; Stoffel, Xiang, Espinosa, Cox, Le Beau and Bell (1993) Hum. Mol. Genet. 2, 1-4]. It was the goal of this investigation to isolate the cDNA of the human mitochondrial form of hepatic PCK. A human liver cDNA library was screened with a rat cytosolic PCK cDNA probe comprising sequences from exons 2 to 9. A cDNA clone was isolated which had overall a 68% DNA sequence and a 70% deduced amino acid sequence identity with the human cytosolic PCK cDNA. Without the flanking 270 bases (=90 amino acids) each at the 5' and 3' end, the sequence identity was 73% on the DNA and 78% on the amino acid level. The isolated cDNA had an open reading frame of 1920 bp; it was 54 bp (equivalent to 18 amino acids) longer than that of human or rat cytosolic PCK cDNA. The isolated cDNA was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNAI and transfected into human embryonal kidney cells HEK293; PCK activity was increased by 3-fold in the mitochondria, which normally contain 70% of total PCK activity, but not in the cytosol. The isolated cDNA was also transfected into cultured rat hepatocytes; again, PCK activity was enhanced by about 40-fold in the mitochondria, which normally possess only 10% of total PCK activity, but not in the cytosol. In the rat hepatocytes only the endogenous cytosolic PCK and not the transfected mitochondrial PCK was induced 3-fold with glucagon. Comparison of the amino acid sequences deduced from the isolated cDNA with human and rat cytosolic PCK showed that the additional 18 amino acids were located at the N-terminus of the protein and probably constitute a mitochondrial targeting signal. Northern-blot analyses revealed the human mitochondrial PCK mRNA to be 2.25 kb long, about 0.6 kb shorter than the mRNA of the cytosolic PCK. Primer extension experiments showed that the 5'-untranslated region of mitochondrial PCK mRNA was 134 nucleotides in length.
Turnover of the carboxy-terminal tyrosine of <i>α</i>-tubulin and means of reaching elevated levels of detyrosination in living cells (1987)

Monoclonal antibodies specific for either the tyrosinated (Tyr) or the detyrosinated (Glu) form of alpha-tubulin were elicited with synthetic peptides spanning the carboxy-terminal sequences of the two forms. While almost all microtubules (MTs) are usually of the Tyr-tubulin type (Tyr-rich MTs) some MTs containing noticeable amounts of Glu-tubulin (Glu-rich MTs) were found in many but not all cell lines studied. Glu-rich MTs seemed absent from proliferating CHO and N115 neuroblastoma cells. When differentiation of these cells was initiated by the addition of forskolin for CHO, or by serum deprivation for N115, elevated levels of microtubular Glu-tubulin were observed. In differentiated N115 cells Glu-tubulin was restricted to MT of elongated cell processes and was not found in growth cones and many MT of the cell body. Elevated levels of Glu-tubulin were also characteristic of other differentiated cell types, including neurones and myotubes but were not found in glial cells, astrocytes and fibroblasts in the same primary cultures. Additional experiments suggested that the restricted distribution of Glu-tubulin is the result of MT subsets with different stabilities. Results with mitotic drugs indicated that detyrosination occurs on MTs rather than on soluble tubulin and that stabilization of MTs usually favours the detyrosination process. Evidence for a functional alpha-tubulin cycle involving an inherent carboxypeptidase and a recharging ligase was apparent in 3T3 cells from the preponderance of Glu-rich MTs induced by taxol treatment or the micro-injection of certain antibodies either protecting the detyrosinated form (Glu-tubulin antibodies) or inhibiting retyrosination (ligase antibodies). As the same treatment of CHO cells resulted in comparable arrays of Glu-rich MTs only when forskolin was also present, different cell types may differ in the level of active carboxypeptidase. The results are discussed in terms of possible functions of the tyrosination/detyrosination cycle of alpha-tubulin. While most results can be explained on the basis of 'older' and, consequently, more detyrosinated MTs, others raise the possibility that cyclic-AMP-dependent events and certain environmental influences known to induce either a morphological transformation or a differentiation event may influence the carboxypeptidase inherent in the alpha-tubulin cycle.
Preparation and characterization of microspheres based on blend of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) with poly(vinyl alcohol) as emulsifier (2010)

In this paper, microspheres were prepared by oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation method. Biodegradable polymer such as blend of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) with certain compositions and characteristics was used to prepare the microspheres with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as an emulsifier. This study observed the microspheres particle’s size distribution at various concentrations of PVA (1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% PVA). The PVA volume variations effects during the process (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mL) were also observed. The blend of PLA and PCL is formed only by physical interaction between them. This can be seen from the FTIR spectrum which shows both PLA and PCL component. The microspheres physical size and appearance were observed by optical microscope (MO). The overall results of this study showed that the formula which used 50–150 mL of 2.5% polyvinyl alcohol produced the microspheres with the most uniform size distribution.
A calcium-dependent nuclease from apoptotic rat thymocytes is homologous with cyclophilin. Recombinant cyclophilins A, B, and C have nuclease activity. (1994)

Apoptosis is an important physiological process that involves the deletion of specific cells in a controlled and timely manner. A biochemical hallmark typifying apoptosis in normal lymphocytes is DNA cleavage caused by a calcium-dependent nuclease. We have previously identified and purified an 18-kDa nuclease (NUC18) from glucocorticoid-treated rat thymocytes whose activity is associated with this apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Partial protein sequencing of pure NUC18 has generated two peptide sequences that have a remarkable similarity to rat cyclophilin A and other members of the cyclophilin family. We report here that recombinant cyclophilins A, B, and C have a calcium/magnesium-dependent nuclease activity with biochemical and pharmacological properties similar to those of NUC18. Our results raise the intriguing possibility that cyclophilin or a cyclophilin-related protein may play a role in lymphocyte apoptosis.