gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the extinction limit and flammability limit of non-adiabatic stretched methane–air premixed flames (1997)

Extinction limits and the lean flammability limit of non-adiabatic stretched premixed methane–air flames are investigated numerically with detailed chemistry and two different Planck mean absorption coefficient models. Attention is paid to the combined effect of radiative heat loss and stretch at low stretch rate. It is found that for a mixture at an equivalence ratio lower than the standard lean flammability limit, a moderate stretch can strengthen the combustion and allow burning. The flame is extinguished at a high stretch rate due to stretch and is quenched at a low stretch rate due to radiation loss. A O-shaped curve of flame temperature versus stretch rate with two distinct extinction limits, a radiation extinction limit and a stretch extinction limit respectively on the left- and right-hand sides, is obtained. A C-shaped curve showing the flammability limit of the stretched methane–air flame is obtained by plotting these two extinction limits in the mixture strength coordinate. A good agreement is shown on comparing the predicted results with the experimental data. For equivalence ratio larger than a critical value, it is found that the O-shaped temperature curve opens up in the middle of the stable branch, so that the stable branch divides into two stable flame branches; a weak flame branch and a normal flame branch. The weak flame can survive between the radiation extinction limit and the opening point (jump limit) while the normal flame branch can survive from its stretch extinction limit to zero stretch rate. Finally, a G-shaped curve showing both extinction limits and jump limits of stretched methane–air flames is presented. It is found that the critical equivalence ratio for opening up corresponds to the standard flammability limit measured in microgravity. Furthermore, the results show that the flammability limit (inferior limit) of the stretched methane–air flame is lower than the standard flammability limit because flames are strengthened by a moderate stretch at Lewis number less than unity.
The Follower Count Fallacy: Detecting Twitter Users with Manipulated Follower Count (2018)

Online Social Networks (OSN) are increasingly being used as platform for an effective communication, to engage with other users, and to create a social worth via number of likes, followers and shares. Such metrics and crowd-sourced ratings give the OSN user a sense of social reputation which she tries to maintain and boost to be more influential. Users artificially bolster their social reputation via black-market web services. In this work, we identify users which manipulate their projected follower count using an unsupervised local neighborhood detection method. We identify a neighborhood of the user based on a robust set of features which reflect user similarity in terms of the expected follower count. We show that follower count estimation using our method has 84.2% accuracy with a low error rate. In addition, we estimate the follower count of the user under suspicion by finding its neighborhood drawn from a large random sample of Twitter. We show that our method is highly tolerant to synthetic manipulation of followers. Using the deviation of predicted follower count from the displayed count, we are also able to detect customers with a high precision of 98.62%
Alternative medicines and the liver (2003)

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is a heterogeneous group of theories and practices that are becoming increasingly popular in the West - between 20% and 65% of patients use CAM on a regular basis. In the UK, CAM is provided by over a third of general practitioners as well as by hospitals. The subject of much debate in both the lay and medical press, CAM is subject to increasing scrutiny from clinical research. In this review, we discuss the available evidence for herbal medicines, including that for silymarin, glycyrrhizin, Chinese herbal medicines and other herbal mixtures. We also review evidence regarding the safety of herbal medicines, both in terms of hepatotoxicity and drug interactions. We conclude that although CAM may be of benefit in the treatment of liver disease, the available evidence is insufficient to recommend any of the available therapies. CAM has not yet been well studied in liver disease and rigorous evaluation with well-designed double-blind randomised controlled trails is required. Doctors need to be aware of the widespread use of CAM, ask their patients specifically regarding their use of CAM and be aware of the potential for hepatotoxicity and interactions.
Optical data processing and filtering systems (1960)

Optical systems, which inherently possess two degrees of freedom rather than the single degree of freedom available in a single electronic channel, appear to offer some advantages over their electronic counterparts for certain applications. Coherent optical systems have the added property that one may easily obtain many successive two-dimensional Fourier transforms of any given light amplitude distribution, or, by use of astigmatic optics, one-dimensional transforms can be obtained. Therefore, most linear operations of an integral transform nature are easily implemented. The optical implementation of integral transforms which are of importance to communication theory is discussed; the general problems of optical filter synthesis and multichannel computation and data processing are introduced, followed by a discussion of potential applications. Astigmatic systems, which permit multichannel operation in lieu of two-dimensional processing, are treated as a special case of general two-dimensional processors. Complex input functions are discussed with relation to their role in coherent optical systems.
Kinetics of the Natural, Humoral Immune Response to<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovar Typhi in Kathmandu, Nepal (2009)

Typhoid fever is a major public health problem in developing countries, conservatively estimated to occur in 17 million cases and be responsible for 200,000 deaths annually. We investigated the acquisition of natural immunity to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in a region where typhoid is endemic by testing sera from an age-stratified sample of 210 healthy participants in Kathmandu, Nepal, for bactericidal activity toward S. Typhi and for anti-Vi capsular polysaccharide antibodies. Bactericidal titers in children were significantly lower than those in newborns and adults (P < 0.0001). Anti-S. Typhi bactericidal geometric mean titers were age dependent, increasing 10-fold during childhood. Anti-Vi polysaccharide antibody geometric mean concentrations were also lower in children than in adults. Data presented here indicate the possibility of a relationship between low levels of bactericidal activity toward S. Typhi in serum and susceptibility to disease, as observed for other polysaccharide-encapsulated bacteria. Bactericidal antibody may be a marker of protective immunity against S. Typhi.
Etoposide Induces Apoptosis in Activated Human Hepatic Stellate Cells via ER Stress (2016)

The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a vital role in the progression of liver fibrosis, and the induction of HSCs apoptosis may attenuate or reverse fibrogenesis. The therapeutic effects of etoposide(VP-16), a widely used anticancer agent, on HSCs apoptosis and liver fibrosis resolution are still unclear. Here, we report that VP-16 reduced the proliferation of LX-2 cells and led to significantly high levels of apoptosis, as indicated by Annexin V staining and the proteolytic cleavage of the executioner caspase-3 and PARP. Additionally, the unfolded protein response regulators CHOP, BIP, caspase-12, p-eIF2α and IRE1α, which are considered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, were upregulated by VP-16. The strong inhibitory effect of VP-16 on LX-2 cells was mainly dependent on ER stress, which activated JNK signaling pathway. Remarkably, VP-16 treatment decreased the expression of α-SMA and type I collagen and simultaneously increased the ratio of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In contrast, VP-16 induced significantly more apoptosis in HSCs than in normal hepatocytes. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that VP-16 exerts a proapoptotic effect on LX-2 cells and has an antifibrogenic effect on collagen deposition, suggesting a new strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Accurate and efficient evolution of nonlinear Schrödinger equations (2000)

A numerical method is given for affecting nonlinear Schr\"odinger evolution on an initial wave function, applicable to a wide range of problems, such as time-dependent Hartree, Hartree-Fock, density-functional, and Gross-Pitaevskii theories. The method samples the evolving wave function at Chebyshev quadrature points of a given time interval. This achieves an optimal degree of representation. At these sampling points, an implicit equation, representing an integral Schr\"odinger equation, is given for the sampled wave function. Principles and application details are described, and several examples and demonstrations of the method and its numerical evaluation on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for a Bose-Einstein condensate are shown.
Display glass for low-loss and high-density optical interconnects in electro-optical circuit boards with eight optical layers (2015)

Parallel optical interconnects on-board level requires low propagation loss in wavelength range between 850 and 1550 nm to be compatible with datacom and telecom optical engines. For highest integration density tight waveguide bends and a scalable number of optical layers should be manufacturable for 2D interfaces to optical fiber array connectors and photonic assembly I/O's. We developed a glass waveguide panel process for double-sided processing of commercial available display glass by applying a two-step thermal ion-exchange process for low-loss multi-mode graded-index waveguides. Multiple glass waveguide panels can be embedded between electrical layers. The generic concept enables fabrication of high-density integration (HDI) electro-optical circuit boards (EOCB) with high number of optical and electrical layers. Waveguides with high NA of 0.3 for low bend losses could be achieved in glass with propagation loss of 0.05 dB/cm for all key wavelengths. Four of those glass waveguide panels were embedded in an EOCB demonstrator with size of 280 x 233 mm² providing eight optical layers with 96 channels in an area of 2.8 x 1.5 mm². To the best of our knowledge it's the highest number of layers that has ever been demonstrated for an EOCB.
Structural changes in the 530 loop of<i>Escherichia coli</i>16S rRNA in mutants with impaired translational fidelity (1995)

The higher order structure of the functionally important 530 loop in Escherichia coli 16S rRNA was studied in mutants with single base changes at position 517, which significantly impair translational fidelity. The 530 loop has been proposed to interact with the EF-Tu-GTP-aatRNA ternary complex during decoding. The reactivity at G530, U531 and A532 to the chemical probes kethoxal, CMCT and DMS respectively was increased in the mutant 16S rRNA compared with the wild-type, suggesting a more open 530 loop structure in the mutant ribosomes. This was supported by oligonucleotide binding experiments in which probes complementary to positions 520-526 and 527-533, but not control probes, showed increased binding to the 517C mutant 70S ribosomes compared with the non-mutant control. Furthermore, enzymatic digestion of 70S ribosomes with RNase T1, specific for single-stranded RNA, substantially cleaved both wild-type and mutant rRNAs between G524 and C525, two of the nucleotides involved in the 530 loop pseudoknot. This site was also cleaved in the 517C mutant, but not wild-type rRNA, by RNase V1. Such a result is still consistent with a more open 530 loop structure in the mutant ribosomes, since RNase V1 can cut at appropriately stacked single-stranded regions of RNA. Together these data indicate that the 517C mutant rRNA has a rather extensively unfolded 530 loop structure. Less extensive structural changes were found in mutants 517A and 517U, which caused less misreading. A correlation between the structural changes in the 530 loop and impaired translational accuracy is proposed.
Regulation of vimentin intermediate filaments in endothelial cells by hypoxia (2010)

Hypoxia triggers responses in endothelial cells that play roles in many conditions including high-altitude pulmonary edema and tumor angiogenesis. Signaling pathways activated by hypoxia modify cytoskeletal and contractile proteins and alter the biomechanical properties of endothelial cells. Intermediate filaments are major components of the cytoskeleton whose contribution to endothelial physiology is not well understood. We have previously shown that hypoxia-activated signaling in endothelial cells alters their contractility and adhesiveness. We have also linked p38-MAP kinase signaling pathway leading to HSP27 phosphorylation and increased actin stress fiber formation to endothelial barrier augmentation. We now show that vimentin, a major intermediate filament protein in endothelial cells, is regulated by hypoxia. Our results indicate that exposure of endothelial cells to hypoxia causes vimentin filament networks to initially redistribute perinuclearly. However, by 1 hour hypoxia these networks reform and appear more continuous across cells than under normoxia. Hypoxia also causes transient changes in vimentin phosphorylation, and activation of PAK1, a kinase that regulates vimentin filament assembly. In addition, exposure to 1 hour hypoxia increases the ratio of insoluble/soluble vimentin. Overexpression of phosphomimicking mutant HSP27 (pmHSP27) causes changes in vimentin distribution that are similar to those observed in hypoxic cells. Knocking-down HSP27 destroys the vimentin filamentous network, and disrupting vimentin filaments with acrylamide increases endothelial permeability. Both hypoxia- and pmHSP27 overexpression-induced changes are reversed by inhibition of phosphatase activity. In conclusion hypoxia causes redistribution of vimentin to a more insoluble and extensive filamentous network that could play a role in endothelial barrier stabilization. Vimentin redistribution appears to be mediated through altering the phosphorylation of the protein and its interaction with HSP27.
ChirpCast: Data Transmission via Audio (2015)

In this paper we present ChirpCast, a system for broadcasting network access keys to laptops ultrasonically. This work explores several modulation techniques for sending and receiving data using sound waves through commodity speakers and built-in laptop microphones. Requiring only that laptop users run a small application, the system successfully provides robust room-specific broadcasting at data rates of 200 bits/second.
Enhanced piezoelectric properties of sodium bismuth titanate (Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>4.5</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>15</sub>) ceramics with B‐site cobalt modification (2008)

Abstract The piezoelectric properties of the cobalt‐modified sodium bismuth titanate (Na 0.5 Bi 4.5 Ti 4 O 15 , NBT) piezoelectric ceramics were investigated. The piezoelectric properties of NBT ceramics were significantly enhanced by cobalt modification. The Curie temperature T C and piezoelectric constant d 33 for the 0.3 wt% cobalt‐modified NBT ceramics (NBT‐C3) were found to be 663 °C and 30 pC/N, respectively. Thermal annealing studies presented that the cobalt‐modified NBT ceramics possess stable piezoelectric properties, demonstrating that the cobalt‐modified NBT‐based ceramics are promising candidates for high temperature piezoelectric applications. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bridging Dimensions in Organic Electronics: Assembly of Electroactive Polymer Nanodevices from Fluids (2009)

Processing and patterning of electroactive materials from solvents is a hallmark of flexible organic electronics, and commercial applications based on these properties are now emerging. Printing and ink-jetting are today preferred technologies for patterning, but these limit the formation of nanodevices, as they give structures way above the micrometer lateral dimension. There is therefore a great need for cheap, large area patterning of nanodevices and methods for top-down registration of these. Here we demonstrate large area patterning of connected micro/nanolines and nanotransistors from the conducting polymer PEDOT, assembled from fluids. We thereby simultaneously solve problems of large area nanopatterning, and nanoregistration.
Microfluidic Stretchable Radio-Frequency Devices (2015)

Recently, the shrinking of the personal computer market has given a clear signal that it is time to divert our focus from the strategy of miniaturization of transistors to a different strategy with emerging technologies. As a new form of electronics, stretchable electronics has significantly advanced in the past few years by micro/nanofabrication of thin films of traditional stiff and hard materials such as silicon, metals, and ceramics, and especially subsequent transfer process on an elastic substrate. However, such a thin structure often suffers from high resistance that leads to low performance when long structures are required. This is particularly true for antennas in radio-frequency (RF) electronics. By introducing microfluidics into RF electronics, we found out that it was an excellent way to make high-performance stretchable RF electronics. Apart from antennas, the microfluidic approach was also adopted and further developed to various devices with integrated wireless communication. This fusion of microfluidics with RF electronics brings not only a lot of opportunities for researchers as a radically new research field, but also potentially commercial benefits for industry. As a new emerging field, a huge effort, ranging from fundamental science to technology development, is required to realize it. This paper illustrates the fundamentals in processing and relevant applications, and highlights recent advances in microfluidic RF electronics. The authors would like to inspire the electronics community to further exploit the advantages of this approach and accelerate innovations in this field.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT WITH HAMSTRINGS AND PATELLAR TENDON (2002)

In current reconstruction procedures, the graft is placed close to the central axis of the tibia and femur, which makes it inadequate for resisting rotational loads. Our findings suggest that improved reconstruction procedures that restore the anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament may be needed.
英語／日・仏語型の使役構文と動詞句内屈折図式 : 可変範疇・態選択機構・接合刻印の概念 (1993)

Contrary to most syntactic theories which adopt hierarchical constituency structure as a self-evident matter like an axiom of mathematics, which place the so-called INFL(ection) over the VP (consequently INFL c-commanding VP, thus, IP dominating VP), and where the whole clause's representation is a VP-within-IP schema, what I propose now for the clause structure is an IP-within-VP schema, under which a clause will be regarded as a VP, the maximal projection of a verb which governs not only the object and necessary oblique complements on the one hand, but also the IP dominating the potential INFL and the candidate NP for subject, on the other. Its typical example is illustrated as follows:\n Fig.\n\n[where Pd and AG are abstract adjectival predicates which mark the NP with the same index depending on whether it is undergoer or actor(typically), respectively. Note that the same verb appears twice: once as governor of inner arguments including NP; (the object), and secondly as governor of IP involving as its part the subject-candidate NP; which is not yet case-marked with any case.]\nWhen in the stage of this figure, the IP is still covert, implicit or (as it were) submerged: not allowed of its expression. But when it is promoted, and grafted to the D-marked node, IP turns overt as if a film were developed into images in photography, and motivates the verb into a finite form, at the same time assigning nominative case to NP; , which finally moves into the status of SpecvP i.e. clausal subject.\nI applied this notion of clausal composition to the analysis of the Frenchor Japanese-type causative construction, which, unlike English, comprises serial verb structure such as faire lire or yo111-aseru , with different treatment of case marking between transitive and intransitive causees. In the process of the study, I came to the conclusion that such an idea is important that one clause is juxtaposed(spatially) and adhered to another and imprints informations on it. This notion explains the above-mentioned type of causative construction elegantly. I would like to call that process 'juxtahesive impression.'
G protein–dependent basal and evoked endothelial cell vWF secretion (2013)

von Willebrand factor (vWF) secretion by endothelial cells (ECs) is essential for hemostasis and thrombosis; however, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Interestingly, we observed increased bleeding in EC-Gα13(-/-);Gα12(-/-) mice that could be normalized by infusion of human vWF. Blood from Gα12(-/-) mice exhibited significantly reduced vWF levels but normal vWF multimers and impaired laser-induced thrombus formation, indicating that Gα12 plays a prominent role in EC vWF secretion required for hemostasis and thrombosis. In isolated buffer-perfused mouse lungs, basal vWF levels were significantly reduced in Gα12(-/-), whereas thrombin-induced vWF secretion was defective in both EC-Gαq(-/-);Gα11(-/-) and Gα12(-/-) mice. Using siRNA in cultured human umbilical vein ECs and human pulmonary artery ECs, depletion of Gα12 and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-fusion factor attachment protein α (α-SNAP), but not Gα13, inhibited both basal and thrombin-induced vWF secretion, whereas overexpression of activated Gα12 promoted vWF secretion. In Gαq, p115 RhoGEF, and RhoA-depleted human umbilical vein ECs, thrombin-induced vWF secretion was reduced by 40%, whereas basal secretion was unchanged. Finally, in vitro binding assays revealed that Gα12 N-terminal residues 10-15 mediated the binding of Gα12 to α-SNAP, and an engineered α-SNAP binding-domain minigene peptide blocked basal and evoked vWF secretion. Discovery of obligatory and complementary roles of Gα12 and Gαq/11 in basal vs evoked EC vWF secretion may provide promising new therapeutic strategies for treatment of thrombotic disease.
Iterative MIMO detector using a group-wise approach (2007)

For multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation (ST-BICM) using iterative detection has been recognized as a method for achieving near-capacity performance. However, the a posteriori probability detector required for the conventional ST-BICM receiver is not amenable to practical implementation for high-rate MIMO due to its exponential complexity in rate. This motivated the development of a single-stream detector exhibiting polynomial complexity and capable of delivering performance comparable to the conventional detector under near-ideal conditions. However, under realistic operating scenarios, with possibly low-rank channel conditions and/or employing fewer receive antennas than transmitted streams, the performance gap between the single-stream detector and the conventional detector widens. With a view to enabling practical implementations of high-rate near-capacity MIMO, we propose a novel detector based on a group-wise approach that can be flexibly configured to deliver the best possible combination of performance and complexity over a wide range of realistic operating conditions.