gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic Characterization of Airborne Viral DNA Diversity in the Near-Surface Atmosphere (2012)

Airborne viruses are expected to be ubiquitous in the atmosphere but they still remain poorly understood. This study investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of airborne viruses and their genotypic characteristics in air samples collected from three distinct land use types (a residential district [RD], a forest [FR], and an industrial complex [IC]) and from rainwater samples freshly precipitated at the RD site (RD-rain). Viral abundance exhibited a seasonal fluctuation in the range between 1.7 × 10(6) and 4.0 × 10(7) viruses m(-3), which increased from autumn to winter and decreased toward spring, but no significant spatial differences were observed. Temporal variations in viral abundance were inversely correlated with seasonal changes in temperature and absolute humidity. Metagenomic analysis of air viromes amplified by rolling-circle phi29 polymerase-based random hexamer priming indicated the dominance of plant-associated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) geminivirus-related viruses, followed by animal-infecting circovirus-related sequences, with low numbers of nanoviruses and microphages-related genomes. Particularly, the majority of the geminivirus-related viruses were closely related to ssDNA mycoviruses that infect plant-pathogenic fungi. Phylogenetic analysis based on the replication initiator protein sequence indicated that the airborne ssDNA viruses were distantly related to known ssDNA viruses, suggesting that a high diversity of viruses were newly discovered. This research is the first to report the seasonality of airborne viruses and their genetic diversity, which enhances our understanding of viral ecology in temperate regions.
Special Issue: Social Capital, Entrepreneurship & Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (2019)

The role of social capital in entrepreneurship has become an increasingly prominent topic in business literature, and the debate about pros and cons has become increasingly complex. In this special issue, we have looked for empirical and conceptual articles that could provide for a unique perspective on the role of social capital in the birth and the development of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems.The selected contributions draw on diverse frameworks and methodological approaches as the authors have expertise in different disciplines (i.e., management, organisational studies, sociology), and the case studies focus on different geographical contexts such as Italy, China, UK, Indonesia and Poland. In detail, the papers scrutinise and challenge the existing studies on social capital with a focus on the following specific topics: i) social relationships, conviviality and social capital, ii) social capital and entrepreneurial success, iii) migrant entrepreneurship and iv) social entrepreneurship.
Using 3D Visualizations To Explore And Discover Music. (2007)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Modification by islet-activating protein of receptor-mediated regulation of cyclic AMP accumulation in isolated rat heart cells. (1981)

Free cells isolated from adult rat heart by the collagenase method were maintained in culture up to 21 h with or without an islet-activating protein (IAP) that had been purified from the culture medium of Bordetella pertussis. Short-term stimulation of beta-adrenergic or glucagon receptors in these cultured cells caused more accumulation of cAMP in cells precultured with IAP (IAP-treated) than in nontreated cells, although there was no significant difference in the baseline (non-stimulated) content of cAMP between these cells. Stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic or adenosine R-site receptors caused a marked inhibition of cAMP accumulation in nontreated cells in either the presence or absence of a beta-agonist (or glucagon); no such inhibition was essentially observed in IAP-treated cells. These actions of IAP developed gradually and were dose-dependent with the half-maximal concentration of approximately 80 ng/ml in culture. It is concluded that IAP may exert its unique influence on the heart cell membrane causing profound modification of the coupling mechanism involved in the receptor-mediated activation or inhibition of adenylate cyclase. This action of IAP differs clearly from that of cholera toxin which activates adenylate cyclase rather independently of the receptor functions in heart cells.
Evolution of Cinnamate/<i>p</i>-Coumarate Carboxyl Methyltransferases and Their Role in the Biosynthesis of Methylcinnamate (2007)

Methylcinnamate, which is widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom, is a significant component of many floral scents and an important signaling molecule between plants and insects. Comparison of an EST database obtained from the glandular trichomes of a basil (Ocimum basilicum) variety that produces high levels of methylcinnamate (line MC) with other varieties producing little or no methylcinnamate identified several very closely related genes belonging to the SABATH family of carboxyl methyltransferases that are highly and almost exclusively expressed in line MC. Biochemical characterization of the corresponding recombinant proteins showed that cinnamate and p-coumarate are their best substrates for methylation, thus designating these enzymes as cinnamate/p-coumarate carboxyl methyltransferases (CCMTs). Gene expression, enzyme activity, protein profiling, and metabolite content analyses demonstrated that CCMTs are responsible for the formation of methylcinnamate in sweet basil. A phylogenetic analysis of the entire SABATH family placed these CCMTs into a clade that includes indole-3-acetic acid carboxyl methyltransferases and a large number of uncharacterized carboxyl methyltransferase-like proteins from monocots and lower plants. Structural modeling and ligand docking suggested active site residues that appear to contribute to the substrate preference of CCMTs relative to other members of the SABATH family. Site-directed mutagenesis of specific residues confirmed these findings.
<title>High Etendue Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer: initial results</title> (1997)

At the Denver meeting, last year, we presented the High Etendue Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer, (HEIFTS), theory and optical design. This device uses a new 'image plane interferometer' geometry to produce 'autocorrelation function modulation' in the image plane of a 2D imaging array, such that the phase offset of the modulation varies linearly across the image. As a 2D image is pushbroomed across the imaging, array, the record of an individual scene pixel is recorded for each autocorrelation phase offset. The 3D array of this data is processed to yield an 'autocorrelation function' data cube, which is Fourier transformed to yield a 'wavenumber' hyperspectral data curve. A phase I device has been demonstrated in the laboratory and initial results are presented. The significant increase in signal to noise ratio, which the HEIFTS optical design promises over conventional hyperspectral imaging schemes, has been simulated, and results will be discussed. A Phase II system is being prepared for initial field deployment, and will be described.
Managing molecular diversity (2005)

The present work provides an overview of the different methods used in molecular diversity analysis. Issues like identifying voids in proprietary databases, reducing the number of redundancies present in databases, or designing focused libraries by grouping compounds similar to a template with the aim to fine tune its properties, are potent diversity analysis tools that may be used to optimize molecules based on their properties and specifically, to speed up the process of lead discovery and optimization. The present work describes first methods that are used to describe molecular systems. This is followed by a section devoted to describe different measures of similarity between molecules, to finish with a description of different methods used to select subsets molecules according to the constraints imposed. The final section deals with the validation of these methods, based on different studies available in the literature.
On optimal service selection (2005)

While many works have been devoted to service matchmaking and modeling nonfunctional properties, the problem of matching service requests to offers in an optimal way has not yet been extensively studied. In this paper we formalize three kinds of optimal service selection problems, based on different criteria. Then we study their complexity and implement solutions. We prove that one-time costs make the optimal selection problem computationally hard; in the absence of these costs the problem can be solved in polynomial time. We designed and implemented both exact and heuristic (suboptimal) algorithms for the hard case, and carried out a preliminary experimental evaluation with interesting results.
Statistical multiplexing of variable bit rate video sources in asynchronous transfer mode networks (2003)

The advent of the asynchronous time division (ATM) concept has created the opportunity to use variable bit rate (VBR) coding techniques for the coding of video services in broadband networks. The principles of VBR coding are explained, and the benefits-stabilized picture quality combined with a high bandwidth efficiency-are indicated. The results obtained with a hardware model of a VBR video codec are presented, and statistical multiplexing gain figures are given. A bandwidth allocation scheme is proposed that is based on the statistical characterization and policing of the VBR sources. It is concluded that this scheme offers high performance with a limited impact on the network and encoder complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis, characterization, and permeation properties of polyether-based polyurethanes (1972)

A system of synthesis of polyether-based urethanes was developed which had sufficient flexibility in composition so that transport properties could be optimized. Mixtures of poly(oxyethylene) glycol (PEG) and poly(oxypropylene) glycol (PPG) of a variety of molecular weights were tied together by varying amounts of kinds of “hard segments.” Thus, the water swell, the mechanical properties, and the size of the soft blocks and hard blocks could be varied. With a fixed content of hard segments, the water absorption decreased with decrease in the PEG/PPG ratio, demonstrating the feasibility of producing controlled changes in hydrophilicity of the polymer without significant change in the mechanical strength. Some polyurethanes based on PEG 600 and PPG 425 had a very good high value of Pw/Ps but a somewhat low value of Pw. The polyurethanes prepared by using phenylenediamines as chain extenders had markedly enhanced modulus and an extended rubbery plateau region, as anticipated.
Design of Engine Data Acquire System Based on USB and CPLD (2010)

To solve installation inconvenience and resource constraints weakness of data acquire system base on ISA or PCI interface, this paper designed the engine data acquire system based on USB and CPLD,it used the advantage of USB high transfer speed,easy to extend and plug and play.The system consisted of high-speed AD,USB interface,CPLD and PC apply software mode.Experiments show that its operation is handy and performance is reliable.It solves the weakness of card type and provides reliable assurance for engine test.
An on-line approach to coordinated mobility and manipulation (2002)

The author presents simple and computationally efficient approach for online coordinated control of mobile robots consisting of a manipulator arm mounted on a mobile base. The effect of base mobility on the end-effector manipulability index is discussed. The base mobility and arm manipulation degrees of freedom are treated equally as the joints of a kinematically redundant composite robot. The redundancy introduced by the mobile base is exploited to satisfy a set of user-defined additional tasks during the end-effector motion. A simple online control scheme that allows the user to assign weighting factors to individual degrees-of-mobility and degrees-of-manipulation, as well as to each task specification, is proposed. The computational efficiency of the control algorithm makes it particularly suitable for real-time implementations. A computer simulation study for a spatial three-jointed manipulator mounted on a one degree-of-freedom mobile platform, which demonstrates the online coordination of mobility and manipulation, is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Involvement of MAPK signaling molecules and Runx2 in the NELL1‐induced osteoblastic differentiation (2007)

NELL1 is an extracellular protein inducing osteogenic differentiation and bone formation of osteoblastic cells. To elucidate the intracellular signaling cascade evoked by NELL1, we have shown that NELL1 protein transiently activates the MAPK signaling cascade, induces the phosphorylation of Runx2, and promotes the rapid intracellular accumulation of Tyr-phosphorylated proteins. Unlike BMP2, NELL1 protein does not activate the Smad signaling cascade. These findings suggest that upon binding to a specific receptor NELL1 transduces an osteogenic signal through activation of certain Tyr-kinases associated with the Ras-MAPK cascade, and finally leads to the osteogenic differentiation.
Diagnostic Values of Surface‐Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Technology for Screening of Habitual Drinkers (2007)

The results of this study clearly indicate that the 5.9 kDa peak is a promising novel biological marker for moderate alcohol consumption.
Random Access Preamble Design and Detection for 3GPP Narrowband IoT Systems (2016)

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is an emerging cellular technology that will provide improved coverage for massive number of low-throughput low-cost devices with low device power consumption in delay-tolerant applications. A new single tone signal with frequency hopping has been designed for NB-IoT physical random access channel (NPRACH). In this letter, we describe this new NPRACH design and explain in detail the design rationale. We further propose possible receiver algorithms for NPRACH detection and time-of-arrival estimation. Simulation results on NPRACH performance including detection rate, false alarm rate, and time-of-arrival estimation accuracy are presented to shed light on the overall potential of NB-IoT systems.
Towards a microcoil for intracranial and intraductal MR microscopy (2008)

Implantable RF-coils have enabled sub-mm resolution magnetic resonance images (MRI) of deep structures. Scaling down the size of RF coils has similarly provided a gain in signal-to-noise ratio in nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. By combining both approaches we designed, fabricated, and imaged with an implantable microcoil catheter. While typical implantable catheters use a transverse magnetization, the axial magnetization of the microcoil provides improved sensitivity and allows visualization of the tissue beyond the distal end of the catheter. The microcoil catheter was designed with a diameter of 1 mm for future integration with intracranial devices, and for intraductal use in breast oncology. We modified the NMR-microcoil design to allow implantation of the RF coil, by winding the microcoil on medical-grade silicone tubing and incorporating leads on the catheter to connect circuit components. In order to achieve proper turn spacing, we coated copper wire with 25 microm of biocompatible polymer (Parylene C). Tuning and matching circuitry insured that the impedance of the RF coil was approximately 50 ohm at the operating frequency for 3-T proton MR applications. A duplexer was used to enable use of the microcoil catheter as a transceiver. Experimental verification of the coil design was achieved through ex vivo imaging of neural tissue. As expected, the microcoil catheter provided microscale images with 20-microm in-plane-resolution and 170-microm-thick slices. While 3-T MRI typically provides 1 to 30 voxels per-cubic-millimeter, in this paper we report that the MRI microcoil can provide hundreds, and even thousands of voxels in the same volume.
Image quantification of high-throughput tissue microarray (2006)

Tissue microarray (TMA) technology allows rapid visualization of molecular targets in thousands of tissue specimens at a time and provides valuable information on expression of proteins within tissues at a cellular and sub-cellular level. TMA technology overcomes the bottleneck of traditional tissue analysis and allows it to catch up with the rapid advances in lead discovery. Studies using TMA on immunohistochemistry (IHC) can produce a large amount of images for interpretation within a very short time. Manual interpretation does not allow accurate quantitative analysis of staining to be undertaken. Automatic image capture and analysis has been shown to be superior to manual interpretation. The aims of this work is to develop a truly high-throughput and fully automated image capture and analysis system. We develop a robust colour segmentation algorithm using hue-saturation-intensity (HSI) colour space to provide quantification of signal intensity and partitioning of staining on high-throughput TMA. Initial segmentation results and quantification data have been achieved on 16,000 TMA colour images over 23 different tissue types.
Whole Transcriptome RNA-Seq Analysis of Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk Using Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tumor Tissue (2012)

RNA biomarkers discovered by RT-PCR-based gene expression profiling of archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue form the basis for widely used clinical diagnostic tests; however, RT-PCR is practically constrained in the number of transcripts that can be interrogated. We have developed and optimized RNA-Seq library chemistry as well as bioinformatics and biostatistical methods for whole transcriptome profiling from FFPE tissue. The chemistry accommodates low RNA inputs and sample multiplexing. These methods both enable rediscovery of RNA biomarkers for disease recurrence risk that were previously identified by RT-PCR analysis of a cohort of 136 patients, and also identify a high percentage of recurrence risk markers that were previously discovered using DNA microarrays in a separate cohort of patients, evidence that this RNA-Seq technology has sufficient precision and sensitivity for biomarker discovery. More than two thousand RNAs are strongly associated with breast cancer recurrence risk in the 136 patient cohort (FDR ,10%). Many of these are intronic RNAs for which corresponding exons are not also associated with disease recurrence. A number of the RNAs associated with recurrence risk belong to novel RNA networks. It will be important to test the validity of these novel associations in whole transcriptome RNA-Seq screens of other breast cancer cohorts.
Configurations of fractional-slot IPM Motors with dual three-phase winding (2009)

This paper deals with a fractional-slot permanent magnet motor with a dual winding supplied by two parallel converters, so as to increase the drive fault-tolerance. In the event of fault, one of the two three-phase windings is disconnected and the motor is operated feeding the healthy winding only.
Human erythrocytic purine nucleoside phosphorylase: reaction with sugar-modified nucleoside substrates (1980)

The kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of sugar-modified analogues of inosine and guanosine have been determined with human erythrocytic purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Steric alterations at the 2' and 3' positions greatly lessened or abolished substrate activity. However, the 5'-deoxy- and 2',5'-dideoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl and the alpha-L-lyxosyl analogues were good substrates, indicating that the 5'-hydroxyl and the orientation of the 5'-hydroxy-methyl group are not important for binding. The sugar phosphate analogue, 5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, was synthesized from 5'-deoxyinosine with immobilized PNP, and its presence was verified by using it in the enzymic synthesis of 5'-deoxyguanosine. The adenosine versions of the 5'-modified analogues were also found to react with adenosine deaminase, albeit at less than 1% of Vmax.
Advanced Glycation End Products, Oxidation Products, and Incident Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2017)

Lower levels of MetSO and higher levels of select AGE are associated with increased incident CVD and may help account for the limited benefit of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes.
Estimating the Economic Value of Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as Agricultural Pollinators in the United States (1992)

Journal Article Estimating the Economic Value of Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as Agricultural Pollinators in the United States Get access Edward E. Southwick, Edward E. Southwick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lawrence Southwick, Jr. Lawrence Southwick, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 85, Issue 3, 1 June 1992, Pages 621–633, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/85.3.621 Published: 01 June 1992 Article history Received: 16 July 1991 Accepted: 21 January 1992 Published: 01 June 1992
Human T lymphocytes bind to germinal centers of human tonsils via integrin α4/VCAM‐1 and LFA‐1/ICAM−1 and −2 (1997)

Binding of T lymphocytes within the different compartments of the secondary lymphoid organs is crucial for the function of the cellular and the humoral immune response. It is still not known which adhesion molecules guide T cells to the distinct areas of the lymphoid microenvironment. In the current study an in situ adhesion assay was used to define the receptors for binding of T cells to human tonsils. The T cell lines Jurkat and MOLT-4 and normal, activated T cells were found to bind exclusively to germinal centers. Jurkat cells used the receptor pair integrin-alpha4 (VLA-4alpha)/VCAM-1, whereas activated MOLT-4 cells and normal T cells bound via both adhesion pathways, namely via integrin-alpha4/VCAM-1 and LFA-1/ICAM-1 and -2. It is suggested that these adhesion mechanisms are involved in the migration of T cells into the germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs and that they influence the selection of B cells by apoptosis.
Clustering Web user based on interest similarity (2006)

It is a key aspect of Web mining to cluster user in terms of browsing interest on Web.The page content and browsing path are taken into account in measurement of browsing interest.Whereafter,new method is brought forth to calculate similarity of interest and users are clustered by using transitive closure algorithm.Result of experiment shows new method can efficiently improve precision of clustering.
Cathodoluminescence Properties of Undoped and Zn-Doped Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>N Grown by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1991)

Cathodoluminescence of undoped and Zn-doped Al x Ga 1- x N epitaxial layers grown by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) in the composition range of 0≤ x ≤0.3 has been studied at room temperature. The dominant emission of undoped Al x Ga 1- x N grown at 1030°C is a near-band-edge emission (UV band), while that of Zn-doped Al x Ga 1- x N grown at 1030°C is a violet-blue one (VB band), and that of Zn-doped Al x Ga 1- x N grown at 910°C is a blue-green one (BG band). Each emission band shifts toward a higher-energy side with increasing x . The compositional dependence of the peak energy of the UV band is similar to that of the band gap energy. On the other hand, the compositional dependences of the VB band and BG band are somewhat smaller than that of the band gap energy.