gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lowering Brain Phenylalanine Levels by Giving Other Large Neutral Amino Acids (1976)

Hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase activity was inhibitied in F344 rat pups by injection with parachlorophenylalanine on days 7, 8, and 9 after birth. On day 10, animals were divided into control and experimental groups. Controls received an injection of phenylalanine, with the characteristic phenylketonuria (PKU) changes of elevated phenylalanine but normal tyrosine levels. The experimental group received a similar injection of phenylalanine but in addition received either a single amino acid or a combination of amino acids from the large neutral amino acids (LNAA) group. The LNAA group of amino acids--phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, and valine--compete with each other for entry into brain by a common transport mechanism. Compared with controls, the experimental group had lower phenylalanine levels in brain, but no change in serum levels, giving a lower brain-serum phenylalanine ratio. Increasing the serum concentrations of amino acids competitive with phenylalanine for transport across the blood brain barrier might form an alternative approach to effective dietary treatment of PKU.
Fundamental design issues for the future Internet (1995)

The Internet has been a startling and dramatic success. Originally designed to link together a small group of researchers, the Internet is now used by many millions of people. However, multimedia applications, with their novel traffic characteristics and service requirements, pose an interesting challenge to the technical foundations of the Internet. We address some of the fundamental architectural design issues facing the future Internet. In particular, we discuss whether the Internet should adopt a new service model, how this service model should be invoked, and whether this service model should include admission control. These architectural issues are discussed in a nonrigorous manner, through the use of a utility function formulation and some simple models. While we do advocate some design choices over others, the main purpose here is to provide a framework for discussing the various architectural alternatives.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Looking for candidate translational equivalents in specialized, comparable corpora (2002)

Previous attempts at identifying translational equivalents in comparable corpora have dealt with very large 'general language' corpora and words. We address this task in a specialized domain, medicine, starting from smaller non-parallel, comparable corpora and an initial bilingual medical lexicon. We compare the distributional contexts of source and target words, testing several weighting factors and similarity measures. On a test set of frequently occurring words, for the best combination (the Jaccard similarity measure with or without tf.idf weighting), the correct translation is ranked first for 20% of our test words, and is found in the top 10 candidates for 50% of them. An additional reverse-translation filtering step improves the precision of the top candidate translation up to 74%, with a 33% recall.
Synthetic Reverberation (1939)

An electrooptical method for producing reverberation synthetically is described together with a summary of the development work and the various models which have been built. The basic principle consists in recording a fugitive sound pattern of the original program signal on the rim of a rotating phosphorcoated disk by means of a modulated light source and a simple optical system. The signal is picked up from the disk at later points through another simplified optical system and photocells. The logarithmical decay of the sound images on the phosphor as they pass the phototubes gives the required reverberation effect. This secondary signal is then mixed with the original program signal in any desired proportion. The method of modulating a high-pressure mercury-vapor lamp as an integral part of the aforesaid development work is described, and also the method of modulating a high-pressure mercury-vapor lamp with audio frequencies, together with a simplified optical system of high efficiency.
Augmented reality implementation methods in mainstream applications (2014)

Augmented reality has became an useful tool in many areas from space exploration to military applications. Although used theoretical principles are well known for almost a decade, the augmented reality is almost exclusively used in high budget solutions with a special hardware. However, in last few years we could see rising popularity of many projects focused on deployment of the augmented reality on different mobile devices. Our article is aimed on developers who consider development of an augmented reality application for the mainstream market. Such developers will be forced to keep the application price, therefore also the development price, at reasonable level. Usage of existing image processing software library could bring a significant cut-down of the development costs. In the theoretical part of the article is presented an overview of the augmented reality application structure. Further, an approach for selection appropriate library as well as the review of the existing software libraries focused in this area is described. The last part of the article outlines our implementation of key parts of the augmented reality application using the OpenCV library.
Insights into the regulation of the human COP9 signalosome catalytic subunit, CSN5/Jab1 (2013)

The COP9 (Constitutive photomorphogenesis 9) signalosome (CSN), a large multiprotein complex that resembles the 19S lid of the 26S proteasome, plays a central role in the regulation of the E3-cullin RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). The catalytic activity of the CSN complex, carried by subunit 5 (CSN5/Jab1), resides in the deneddylation of the CRLs that is the hydrolysis of the cullin-neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated gene 8 (Nedd8)isopeptide bond. Whereas CSN-dependent CSN5 displays isopeptidase activity, it is intrinsically inactive in other physiologically relevant forms. Here we analyze the crystal structure of CSN5 in its catalytically inactive form to illuminate the molecular basis for its activation state. We show that CSN5 presents a catalytic domain that brings essential elements to understand its activity control. Although the CSN5 active site is catalytically competent and compatible with di-isopeptide binding, the Ins-1 segment obstructs access to its substrate-binding site, and structural rearrangements are necessary for the Nedd8-binding pocket formation. Detailed study of CSN5 by molecular dynamics unveils signs of flexibility and plasticity of the Ins-1 segment. These analyses led to the identification of a molecular trigger implicated in the active/inactive switch that is sufficient to impose on CSN5 an active isopeptidase state. We show that a single mutation in the Ins-1 segment restores biologically relevant deneddylase activity. This study presents detailed insights into CSN5 regulation. Additionally, a dynamic monomer-dimer equilibrium exists both in vitro and in vivo and may be functionally relevant.
Spontaneous and induced changes in cell populations in heavily irradiated mice. (1959)

The hemopoietic and lymphopoietic tissues of established homologous and heterologous radiation chimeras may revert spontaneously from donor type to host type. This reversion may stem from very few cell clones, many of which can be identified cytologically by the presence of characteristic chromosomal re- arrangements in mitotic cells. Other homologous radiation chimeras rray be very stable in that the donor tissue persists and spontaneous reversion does not occur. Transpopulation of these hemopoietic and lymphopoietic tissues back to host-type tissue was induced by the intravenous injectlon of spleen, but not so far by lymph node, cells isologous with the host. It is concluded that both spontaneous reversion and induced transpopulation are due to the superior physiological competence of the finally predominating cell-line rather than mastery through a reaction of immunity. The findings are interpreted as further evidence of the common ancestors of myeloid and lymphoid cells. (auth)
Finding patterns in static analysis alerts: improving actionable alert ranking (2014)

Static analysis (SA) tools that find bugs by inferring programmer beliefs (e.g., FindBugs) are commonplace in today's software industry. While they find a large number of actual defects, they are often plagued by high rates of alerts that a developer would not act on (unactionable alerts) because they are incorrect, do not significantly affect program execution, etc. High rates of unactionable alerts decrease the utility of static analysis tools in practice.
Person and gesture tracking with smart stereo cameras (2008)

Physical security increasingly involves sophisticated, real-time visual tracking of a person's location inside a given environment, often in conjunction with biometrics and other security-related technologies. However, demanding real-world conditions like crowded rooms, changes in lighting and physical obstructions have proved incredibly challenging for 2D computer vision technology. In contrast, 3D imaging technology is not affected by constant changes in lighting and apparent color, and thus allows tracking accuracy to be maintained in dynamically lit environments. In addition, person tracking with a 3D stereo camera can provide the location and movement of each individual very precisely, even in a very crowded environment. 3D vision only requires that the subject be partially visible to a single stereo camera to be correctly tracked; multiple cameras are used to extend the system's operational footprint, and to contend with heavy occlusion. A successful person tracking system, must not only perform visual analysis robustly, but also be small, cheap and consume relatively little power. The TYZX Embedded 3D Vision systems are perfectly suited to provide the low power, small footprint, and low cost points required by these types of volume applications. Several security-focused organizations, including the U.S Government, have deployed TYZX 3D stereo vision systems in security applications. 3D image data is also advantageous in the related application area of gesture tracking. Visual (uninstrumented) tracking of natural hand gestures and movement provides new opportunities for interactive control including: video gaming, location based entertainment, and interactive displays. 2D images have been used to extract the location of hands within a plane, but 3D hand location enables a much broader range of interactive applications. In this paper, we provide some background on the TYZX smart stereo cameras platform, describe the person tracking and gesture tracking systems implemented on this platform, and discuss some deployed applications.
Altering Diffusivities in Dilute Polymeric and Biological Solutions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAltering Diffusivities in Dilute Polymeric and Biological SolutionsJohn L. GainerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 10, 2341–2344Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00034a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00034a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resilient Message Handler (1990)

The Resilient Message Handler provides a platform on which to build resilient distributed applications. This system runs on a set of industry standard personal computers inter-connecting over a load area network. It exploits redundancy both of computers and of applications software to create a system which, in the event of any single failure is able to continue operation without any degradation of performance or facility. Fault tolerant data processing systems are usually developed using a variety of techniques, which may include specially designed computer hardware, software and operating systems. The Resilient Message Handler (RMH) has been developed as a software solution.
Without Permission: Privacy on the Line (2007)

Considerable research shows that personal information privacy has eroded over the last 30 years. Prior research, however, takes a consumer-centric view of personal information privacy, a view that leads to the conclusion that the individual is responsible for his/her own information. This research presents a comprehensive personal information privacy model of extra-organizational data sharing and use that incorporates how data are actually passed and leaked to organizations of which the consumer has no knowledge and no control. This research presents support for the existence of legal, illegal, and legally grey area extra-organizational parties and the need for more complete comprehension of personal information privacy in business-to-consumer research. In addition, the research identifies the magnitude of privacy violations in spite of legal and self-protection policies. The model can serve as a guide for privacy research and for social discussion and legislation to manage and regulate use of data once collected.
Comparison of turbidimetric and light-scattering measurements of immunoglobulins by use of a centrifugal analyzer with absorbance and fluorescence/light-scattering optics. (1980)

We have developed a centrifugal analyzer with both fluorescence/light-scatter and conventional absorbance optics. The instrument is used in this investigation to study the formation of antigen-antibody complexes by light scattering and turbidimetric measurements, and to develop assays for human immunoglobulins G, A, and M. Concentrations are calculated from a nonlinear least-squares fit of calibrators, and antigen excess is automatically detected from kinetic curve characteristics. Precisions and patients' results are presented, and assay sensitivity and reliability in the detection of antigen excess are compared. We also investigated the effects of centrifugal force on complex formation. Both nephelometry and turbidimetry can be very satisfactorily adapted to centrifugal analyzers. We present a model to describe the observed differences between the light-scatter and the turbidity data.
Using Stylistic Features for Social Power Modeling (2013)

Social Network Analysis traditionally examines the graph of a communications network to identify key individuals based on the pattern of their interactions, but there is a limit to the level of detail which can be inferred from metadata alone. Message content is a richer source of data, and can provide an indication of the relationship between a pair of communicants. An individual's language use will vary depending on their relationship to the addressee, and this paper investigates a set of stylistic features which may be used to predict the nature of a relationship within an organizational hierarchy. Experiments are conducted on the Enron corpus for the sake of comparison with earlier results, and demonstrate successful classification of upspeak vs. downspeak using a small feature set.
Digraph reliability model processing advances and applications (1993)

This paper describes a new algorithm, called SourceDoubls, which efficiently solves for singletons and doubletons of a digraph reliability model. Compared with previous methods, the SourceDoubls algorithm provides up to a two order of magnitude reduction in the amount of time required to solve large digraph models. This significant increase in model solution speed allows complex digraphs containing thousands of nodes to be used as knowledge bases for real time automated monitoring and diagnosis applications. Currently, an application to provide monitoring and diagnosis of the Space Station Freedom Data Management System is under development at NASA/Ames Research Center and NASA/Johnson Space Center. This paper contains an overview of this system and provides details of how it will use digraph models processed by the SourceDoubls algorithm to accomplish its task.
Efficient Polysulfide Chemisorption in Covalent Organic Frameworks for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries (2016)

High performance lithium-sulfur batteries have been successfully constructed by using boronate ester covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as the polysulfide hosts. The adsorption mechanism is ascribed to uniform coexistence of both electron-rich O and electron-deficient B atoms that can adsorb Li+ and Sx2−, respectively. In addition, the ordered structure of COFs allows higher heteroatom doping ratio as well as more uniform distribution and redeposition of sulfur, leading to good electrode kinetics. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis of Cortical Bone from Adult Mice (1989)

The spatial distribution of biologically relevant elements within bone matrix was investigated using electron probe X-ray microanalysis of frozen-dried bulk specimens of cortical bone tissue. Compositional images of calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine are presented along with the corresponding secondary electron images: These data indicate that calcium and phosphorus X-rays detected from regions of bone matrix vary little in X-ray intensity as a function of location within the matrix. Most of the sulfur and chlorine X-rays detected originate in regions corresponding to the marrow cavity or to surrounding connective tissue. However, higher magnification X-ray maps reveal the presence of both elements within bone matrix with localizations occurring in regions corresponding to lacunae and surrounding bone matrix. (The J Histotechnol 12:23, 1989).
A beam hardening and dispersion correction for x‐ray dark‐field radiography (2016)

The authors show that the influence of and dispersion can be quantified by simulation and, thus, measured image data can be corrected. The simulation allows to determine the corresponding dark-field artifacts for a wide range of setup parameters, like tube-voltage and filtration. The application of the proposed method to mammographic dark-field data shows an increase in contrast compared to the original image, which might simplify a further image-based diagnosis.
Evaluating lexical variant generation to improve information retrieval. (1998)

Techniques for managing lexical variation constitute an integral part of information retrieval systems. We report on a series of experiments aimed at evaluating LVG, a lexical variant management tool which addresses the particular problems involved in matching health related vocabularies to concepts in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus. Experiments conducted on data from the Large Scale Vocabulary Test indicate the effectiveness of this approach to managing biomedical information.
Hereditary Tyrosinemia and the Heme Biosynthetic Pathway. PROFOUND INHIBITION OF δ-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID DEHYDRATASE ACTIVITY BY SUCCINYLACETONE (1983)

Succinylacetone (4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid) is an abnormal metabolite produced in patients with hereditary tyrosinemia as a consequence of an inherited deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase. It is known that patients with this hereditary disease excrete excessive amounts of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in urine and that certain patients have an accompanying clinical syndrome resembling that of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). In order to elucidate the relation of succinylacetone to the heme biosynthetic pathway, we have examined the effects of this metabolite on the cellular heme content of cultured avian hepatocytes and on the activity of purified ALA dehydratase from normal human erythrocytes and from mouse and bovine liver. Our data indicate that succinylacetone is an extremely potent competitive inhibitor of ALA dehydratase in human as well as in animal tissues. By using purified preparations of the enzyme from human erythrocytes and mouse and bovine liver, an inhibitor constant ranging from 2 x 10(-7) M to 3 x 10(-7) M was obtained. In cultured hepatocytes, succinylacetone also inhibited ALA dehydratase activity, decreased the cellular content of heme and cytochrome P-450, and greatly potentiated the induction response of ALA synthase to drugs such as phenobarbital, chemicals such as allylisopropylacetamide and 3,5-dicarbethoxy-1,4-dihydrocollidine, and natural steroids such as etiocholanolone. Four patients with hereditary tyrosinemia have been studied and all were found to have greatly depressed levels of erythrocyte ALA dehydratase activity and elevated concentrations of this inhibitor in urine. These findings indicate that tyrosinemia is a disorder of special pharmacogenetic interest because succinylacetone, an abnormal product of the tyrosine metabolic pathway, resulting from the primary gene defect of the disease, profoundly inhibits heme biosynthesis in normal cells through a blockade at the ALA dehydratase level, leading to clinical and metabolic consequences that mimic another genetic disease, AIP.
The Pseudomonic Acids (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Pseudomonic AcidsYvonne J. Class and Philip DeShongCite this: Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 6, 1843–1857Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00038a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00038a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views679Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts