gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Galactofuranose containing molecules in<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (2008)

Galactofuranose is a major carbohydrate in Aspergillus fumigatus. It became famous in medical mycology as being part of the galactomannan which was shown 30 years ago to be the major antigen circulating in the body fluid of patients suffering from invasive aspergillosis. Four different molecules contain galactofuranose in A. fumigatus: (i) the galactomannan present in the alkali soluble and insoluble fraction of the cell wall (ii) N- and O glycan moieties of secreted glycoproteins (iii) a GPI- anchored lipophosphogalactomannan and (iv) several sphingolipids also anchored to the membrane by an inositol phosphoceramide.
Developing photo-sensor oculography (PS-OG) system for virtual reality headsets (2018)

Virtual reality (VR) is employed in a variety of different applications. It is our belief that eye-tracking is going to be a part of the majority of VR devices that will reduce computational burden via a technique called foveated rendering and will increase the immersion of the VR environment. A promising technique to achieve low energy, fast, and accurate eye-tracking is photo-sensor oculography (PS-OG). PS-OG technology enables tracking a user's gaze location at very fast rates - 1000Hz or more, and is expected to consume several orders of magnitude less power compared to a traditional video-oculography approach. In this demo we present a prototype of a PS-OG system that we started to develop. The long-term aim of our project is to develop a PS-OG system that is robust to sensor shifts. As a first step we have built a prototype that allows us to test different sensors and their configurations, as well as record and analyze eye-movement data.
In-Plane Switching Technology for Liquid Crystal Display Television (2007)

In-plane switching (IPS) technology used for liquid crystal display (LCD) TV is reviewed. Requirements of HD TV application are listed, and the main performances are compared among various competing display technologies. IPS LCD mode shows superior performances, satisfying the requirement for HD TV application.
Ester Dienolate [2,3]-Wittig Rearrangement in Natural Product Synthesis:  Diastereoselective Total Synthesis of the Triester of Viridiofungin A, A<sub>2</sub>, and A<sub>4</sub> (2005)

[structure: see text] An ester dienolate [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement was utilized to access the alkylated citric acid skeleton 6 that is characteristic for the viridiofungins and other members of the alkyl citrate family of secondary natural products. The [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of (Z,Z)-15 provided the rearrangement product (+/-)-syn-16 in moderate yield and with very good diastereoselectivity. A Julia-Kocienski olefination efficiently served to connect the polar head (+/-)-syn-26 with the lipophilic tail (32a-c) of the viridiofungins. Amide formation between the racemic viridiofungin precursors 35a-c and the enantiomerically pure amino acid L-tyrosine methyl ester followed by preparative reversed-phase HPLC provided the isopropyl dimethyl ester of viridiofungin A ((+)-39a), A2 ((+)-39b), and A4 ((+)-39c) as well as the nonnatural diastereomers (-)-38a-c.
A vertical MRAM free of write disturbance (2003)

Write disturbance in the cross-point addressing scheme employed in most of today's magnetoresistive random access memories (MRAM) designs presents practical limitations in memory element down-size scaling. In this paper, we present a new vertical MRAM design that is free of write disturbance. Its performance is analyzed via micromagnetic modeling. A memory element in this design is of an annular shape and consists of two ferromagnetic layers with a nonmagnetic interlayer. The interlayer can be either a tunnel barrier for a magnetic tunnel junction or metal layer for a current-perpendicular-to-plane/giant magnetoresistive stack. Injecting a pulsed current in a nanosecond time scale vertically through the memory element performs the switching between the two memory states with relatively low current threshold. Each memory element is connected to a corresponding transistor that performs both write and read addressing.
Tissue distribution and retention of 5-thio-D-glucose in animal tumor models. (1980)

5-Thio-D-glucose (5-TDG) has demonstrated potential as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells growing in monolayer culture and as multicell spheroids. We have studied the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled (35S or 3H) 5-TDG prior to utilizing this bioisotere of D-glucose for radiation sensitization studies in vivo. At all times after administration, 5-TDG achieved higher tissue levels of radioactivity in hamster pancreatic tumors of ductal and acinar cell origin than in the normal pancreas. By 2 hours after intravenous injection, the duct tumor activity concentration exceeded that of any other tissue; a similar situation obtained after 4 hours in the acinar tumor model. However, the functioning insulinoma model exhibited similar radioactivity uptake and kinetics as did normal pancreas. In all models, metastases behaved similarly to the primary transplanted tumor in terms of uptake and retention of radioactivity. Addition of carrier 5-TDG appeared to abrogate much of the selective uptake of label into tumor relative to normal tissue, in terms of % dose/g tissue, but the total uptake into tumor was greater. The drug is rapidly excreted in the urine and the nature of this excretion was examined. Retention of activity in normal lung tissue was similar to that of pancreatic tumors and prompted a study of uptake into Lewis lung carcinoma. Again, tumor uptake in % dose/g approximated uptake into normal lung tissue, but total uptake into tumor was greater. These studies provided the basis for initiation of in vivo studies of potential cytotoxic and radiation-potentiating activity of 5-TDG.
Surveillance for Lyme disease--United States, 1992-1998. (2000)

The results presented in this report will help clinicians evaluate the prior probability of Lyme disease and provide the framework for targeting human Lyme disease vaccine use and other prevention and treatment interventions.
Temperature Dependence of the Internal Dynamics of a Calmodulin−Peptide Complex (2002)

The temperature dependence of the fast internal dynamics of calcium-saturated calmodulin in complex with a peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of the smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase is examined using 15N and 2H NMR relaxation methods. NMR relaxation studies of the complex were carried out at 13 temperatures that span 288-346 K. The dynamics of the backbone and over four dozen methyl-bearing side chains, distributed throughout the calmodulin molecule, were probed. The side chains show a much more variable and often considerably larger response to temperature than the backbone. A significant variation in the temperature dependence of the amplitude of motion of individual side chains is seen. The amplitude of motion of some side chains is essentially temperature-independent while many show a simple roughly linear temperature dependence. In a few cases, angular order increases with temperature, which is interpreted as arising from interactions with neighboring residues. In addition, a number of side chains display a nonlinear temperature dependence. The significance of these and other results is illuminated by several simple interpretative models. Importantly, analysis of these models indicates that changes in generalized order parameters can be robustly related to corresponding changes in residual entropy. A simple cluster model that incorporates features of cooperative or conditional motion reproduces many of the unusual features of the experimentally observed temperature dependence and illustrates that side chain interactions result in a dynamically changing environment that significantly influences the motion of internal side chains. This model also suggests that the intrinsic entropy of interacting clusters of side chains is only modestly reduced from that of independent side chain motion. Finally, estimates of protein heat capacity support the view that the major contribution to the heat capacity of protein solutions largely arises from local bond vibrations and solvent interactions and not from torsional oscillations of side chains.
Thermisch gespritzte Schichten (1995)

Because of the demands on the material resulting from the working conditions of a component in many cases coatings are necessary. Certain metallic and ceramic coating materials offer high wear resistance, hardness and corrosion resistance even at high temperatures. Within economically acceptable coating times higher coating thicknesses of these materials only can be obtained by thermal spraying. Described are the general steps of an application procedure, the different methods of application, the resulting coating morphologies as well as different testing methods
Exhaustive Searching Is Less Tiring with a Bit of Quantum Magic (1997)

The elementary particle of information used by modern digital computers is the bit—a register or memory element that can be in one of two distinct states, 0 or 1. But we live in a quantum world, and one can design computers in which each elementary unit of information is a quantum bit, or qubit, which can be in any superposition of two quantum states, |0〉 and |1〉. A quantum computer built with n such components could itself be in a superposition of 2n distinct states, each splinter of the superposition performing its own computation in parallel with all the rest.
The Electromyographic Changes in Hyperkalaemic Familial Periodic Paralysis (1960)

The Electromyographic Changes in Hyperkalaemic Familial Periodic Paralysis Get access J. B. Morrison J. B. Morrison Guy's HospitalLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rheumatology, Volume 5, Issue 5, February 1960, Pages 153–155, https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/V.5.153 Published: 01 February 1960
Reference Values of Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Children and Teenagers (2010)

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is an established method for characterizing aortic stiffness, an individual predictor of cardiovascular mortality in adults. Normal pulse wave velocity values for the pediatric population derived from a large data collection have yet to be available. The aim of this study was to create a reference database and to characterize the factors determining pulse wave velocity in children and teenagers. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was measured by applanation tonometry. Reference tables from pulse wave velocities obtained in 1008 healthy subjects (aged between 6 and 20 years; 495 males) were generated using a maximum-likelihood curve-fitting technique for calculating SD scores in accordance with the skewed distribution of the raw data. Effects of sex, age, height, weight, blood pressure, and heart rate on pulse wave velocity were assessed. Sex-specific reference tables and curves for age and height are presented. Pulse wave velocity correlated positively (P<0.001) with age, height, weight, and blood pressure while correlating negatively with heart rate. After multiple regression analysis, age, height, and blood pressure remained major predictors of pulse wave velocity. This study, involving >1000 children, is the first to provide reference values for pulse wave velocity in children and teenagers, thereby constituting a suitable tool for longitudinal clinical studies assessing subgroups of children who are at long-term risk of cardiovascular disease.
Design sensitivity analysis of air-lubricated slider bearings (2002)

We present the design sensitivity analysis for two pico sliders. The discrete form of the generalized lubrication equation based on a control volume formulation is used as the equations of equilibrium to analyze air-lubricated slider bearings. The residual function for the force equilibrium of the slider is employed as a constraint function. The design variables are the slider thickness parameters at all grid cells, determining the topological geometry of air-bearing surfaces. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach while the amount of calculation is reduced by 97% in comparison with the conventional finite difference approximation.
PV array designs for flat-roof buildings (2002)

In the mid-1980s Ascension Technology's principals, then working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, developed the Roof-Jack mounting system for attaching PV arrays to pitched, shingled residential roofs. The driving motivation of that effort was to simplify and reduce the cost of residential PV array balance-of-systems. Since that time the Roof-Jack mounting system has been used successfully in more than 40 pitched-roof PV array installations across the country. In anticipation of the installation of grid-connected PV system for the Environmental Protection Agency's Photovoltaic Demand Side Management demonstration (EPA PV-DSM), Ascension Technology undertook a similar engineering effort targeting cost reduction of balance-of-systems for flat-roof PV array installations. As a result, they have completed the design and fabrication of a mounting system which greatly simplifies the installation of PV arrays on typical flat-roof commercial buildings. This paper describes this mounting system, including loading analysis and experience with installations in Massachusetts and elsewhere in the country as part of the EPA PV-DSM demonstration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Testing and debugging distributed programs using global predicates (1995)

Testing and debugging programs are more involved in distributed systems than in uniprocessor systems because of the presence of the communication medium and the inherent concurrency. Past research has established that predicate testing is an approach that can alleviate some of the problems in this area. However, checking whether a general predicate is true in a particular distributed execution appears to be a computationally hard problem. This paper considers a class of predicates called conjunctive form predicates (CFP) that is quite useful in distributed program development, but can be tested efficiently. We develop fully-distributed algorithms to test CFP's, prove that these algorithms are correct, and analyze them for their message complexity. The analysis shows that our techniques incur a fairly low overhead on the distributed system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Visual Response System for Small-Group Interaction (1969)

Much of the improvement of education in recent years has come from dividing education into presentations, individual study, and interaction and then providing specialized personnel, facilities, grouping, media, and techniques for each. We have paid more attention to and been more successful with the first two phases than the last one.
p -type conduction in beryllium-implanted hexagonal boron nitride films (2009)

p -type conduction in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) films was achieved by beryllium implantation and subsequent rapid thermal annealing treatment. The dependence of phase composition and electrical properties of hBN films on the implantation fluence and annealing was studied. A maximum resistivity reduction by six orders of magnitude was demonstrated. Hall measurements revealed a corresponding hole concentration of 3×1019 cm−3 and mobility of 27 cm2/V s. The activation energy of Be ions was estimated to be 0.21 eV. It is suggested that hBN is a promising wide bandgap semiconductor for applications in high-temperature electronic devices and transparent conductive coatings.
福兮？祸兮？写在Windows Server 2008发布之前 (2007)

现在Windows Server 2008 Beta3版已经正式发布，微软公司的发言人再三强调Beta3版是一个“完整功能”的版本。由于Beta3版本的出现一般都会是微软公司即将发布产品的先兆，所以除非事情变得太过糟糕，那么对于微软公司最终将会准时发布Windows Server 2008我毫不吃惊。
Occurrence of Neurotoxic 4′-<i>O</i>-Methylpyridoxine in<i>Ginkgo biloba</i>Leaves,<i>Ginkgo</i>Medications and Japanese<i>Ginkgo</i>Food (1996)

4′-O-Methylpyridoxine (ginkgotoxin) is a neurotoxic antivitamin B6 which occurs in Ginkgo biloba L. seeds. Contrary to a previous report by Wada et al. (15), the toxin was also detected in Ginkgo biloba leaves. The leaves are a source of extracts (e.g. EGb761) employed in the preparation of Ginkgo medications. Consequently the toxin is also present in Ginkgo medications and is even detectable in homoeopathic preparations. The toxin occurs also in boiled Japanese Ginkgo food. However, the amount of the toxin is likely to be too low to exert a detrimental effect after administration of the medication or ingestion of food.
Application of Ion Doping and Excimer Laser Annealing to Fabrication of Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Si Thin-Film Transistors (1994)

Feasibility of the non-mass-separated ion implantation (ion doping) technique followed by excimer laser annealing for fabrication of low-temperature polycrystalline Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) is studied. High-speed doping, less than 10 s for formation of the source and drain of TFT, can be achieved by using a bucket-type ion source. Hydrogen ions incorporated in a non-mass-separated ion beam induce undesirable etching of Si films during implantation. To avoid this, He-diluted gas is used. The fabricated TFTs exhibit excellent characteristics comparable to those of TFTs fabricated conventionally. There is no instability due to contamination which may be introduced from a non-mass-separated ion beam. OFF-state characteristics of TFTs can be improved by increasing laser energy for impurity activation. However, also the avalanche-induced short channel effect is enhanced by increasing laser energy. Adjustment of laser energy is required to optimize the device characteristics. It is concluded that ion doping and excimer laser annealing techniques are promising solutions to problems plaguing poly-Si TFTs.
Two-wave-band color-mixing binoculars for the detection of wholesome and unwholesome chicken carcasses: a simulation (2005)

Visual inspection of wholesome and unwholesome chicken carcasses with a novel two-narrowband color-mixing technique for optically enhanced binoculars is simulated. From mean spectra of wholesome, airsacculitis (air-sac), cadaver, inflammatory process (IP), septicemia-toxemia (septox), and tumor chicken samples, 10 nm wave-band pairs are selected using color difference and chromaticness difference indices for simulation of multitarget and single-target detection. The color appearance simulation uses the CIECAM97s color appearance model. Results show that for multitarget detection, the wave-band pair of (454 nm, 578 nm) is able to differentiate all six chicken conditions. For single-target detection of wholesome, air-sac, cadaver, and tumor, the wave-band pairs of (449 nm, 571 nm), (441 nm, 576 nm), (458 nm, 576 nm), and (431 nm, 501 nm), respectively, easily distinguish the target condition from the other five conditions. For single-target detection of IP and septox, the wave-band pairs of (454 nm, 591 nm) and (454 nm, 590 nm), respectively, are able to differentiate the target conditions from wholesome and tumor conditions but have difficulty with the other chicken conditions. The two-color-mixing technique shows promise for use in small-scale processing plant environments to improve the visual inspection process.
Adipocyte differentiation induced using nonspecific siRNA controls in cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (2007)

RNA interference (RNAi) is gene silencing induced by double-stranded RNA of 21-23 nucleotides in length, termed small interfering RNA, or siRNA. RNAi-based techniques have been widely applied to elucidate gene function, identify drug targets, and used in trials as a promising adjunct to silence disease-causing genes. However, emerging evidence suggests unexpected changes in expression of untargeted genes as a consequence of an off-target effect by RNAi in mammalian cells. To date, our understanding of such effects on stem cells is limited. We transfected human fetal femur-derived mesenchymal stem cells using commercially available nonspecific siRNA controls and examined adipocyte differentiation in the cells using morphology, histochemistry, and quantitative real-time PCR to examine the expression of key genes for adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation. We report here the induction of adipocyte differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells using nonspecific siRNAs raising concerns as to the specificity of RNAi in stem cells and, critically, a need to understand and delineate the rules governing the specificity of RNAi.
Detection of Daily Activities and Sports With Wearable Sensors in Controlled and Uncontrolled Conditions (2008)

Physical activity has a positive impact on people's well-being, and it may also decrease the occurrence of chronic diseases. Activity recognition with wearable sensors can provide feedback to the user about his/her lifestyle regarding physical activity and sports, and thus, promote a more active lifestyle. So far, activity recognition has mostly been studied in supervised laboratory settings. The aim of this study was to examine how well the daily activities and sports performed by the subjects in unsupervised settings can be recognized compared to supervised settings. The activities were recognized by using a hybrid classifier combining a tree structure containing a priori knowledge and artificial neural networks, and also by using three reference classifiers. Activity data were collected for 68 h from 12 subjects, out of which the activity was supervised for 21 h and unsupervised for 47 h. Activities were recognized based on signal features from 3-D accelerometers on hip and wrist and GPS information. The activities included lying down, sitting and standing, walking, running, cycling with an exercise bike, rowing with a rowing machine, playing football, Nordic walking, and cycling with a regular bike. The total accuracy of the activity recognition using both supervised and unsupervised data was 89% that was only 1% unit lower than the accuracy of activity recognition using only supervised data. However, the accuracy decreased by 17% unit when only supervised data were used for training and only unsupervised data for validation, which emphasizes the need for out-of-laboratory data in the development of activity-recognition systems. The results support a vision of recognizing a wider spectrum, and more complex activities in real life settings.
Rigidified Clicked Dimeric Ligands for Studying the Dynamics of the PDZ1‐2 Supramodule of PSD‐95 (2014)

PSD-95 is a scaffolding protein of the MAGUK protein family, and engages in several vital protein-protein interactions in the brain with its PDZ domains. It has been suggested that PSD-95 is composed of two supramodules, one of which is the PDZ1-2 tandem domain. Here we have developed rigidified high-affinity dimeric ligands that target the PDZ1-2 supramodule, and established the biophysical parameters of the dynamic PDZ1-2/ligand interactions. By employing ITC, protein NMR, and stopped-flow kinetics this study provides a detailed insight into the overall conformational energetics of the interaction between dimeric ligands and tandem PDZ domains. Our findings expand our understanding of the dynamics of PSD-95 with potential relevance to its biological role in interacting with multivalent receptor complexes and development of novel drugs.