gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The <i>Decreased apical dominance1/Petunia hybrida CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE8</i> Gene Affects Branch Production and Plays a Role in Leaf Senescence, Root Growth, and Flower Development (2005)

Carotenoids and carotenoid cleavage products play an important and integral role in plant development. The Decreased apical dominance1 (Dad1)/PhCCD8 gene of petunia (Petunia hybrida) encodes a hypothetical carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) and ortholog of the MORE AXILLARY GROWTH4 (MAX4)/AtCCD8 gene. The dad1-1 mutant allele was inactivated by insertion of an unusual transposon (Dad-one transposon), and the dad1-3 allele is a revertant allele of dad1-1. Consistent with its role in producing a graft-transmissible compound that can alter branching, the Dad1/PhCCD8 gene is expressed in root and shoot tissue. This expression is upregulated in the stems of the dad1-1, dad2, and dad3 increased branching mutants, indicating feedback regulation of the gene in this tissue. However, this feedback regulation does not affect the root expression of Dad1/PhCCD8. Overexpression of Dad1/PhCCD8 in the dad1-1 mutant complemented the mutant phenotype, and RNA interference in the wild type resulted in an increased branching phenotype. Other differences in phenotype associated with the loss of Dad1/PhCCD8 function included altered timing of axillary meristem development, delayed leaf senescence, smaller flowers, reduced internode length, and reduced root growth. These data indicate that the substrate(s) and/or product(s) of the Dad1/PhCCD8 enzyme are mobile signal molecules with diverse roles in plant development.
Genome-Wide Association Scan for Variants Associated with Early-Onset Prostate Cancer (2014)

Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related mortality for men in the United States. There is strong empirical and epidemiological evidence supporting a stronger role of genetics in early-onset prostate cancer. We performed a genome-wide association scan for early-onset prostate cancer. Novel aspects of this study include the focus on early-onset disease (defined as men with prostate cancer diagnosed before age 56 years) and use of publically available control genotype data from previous genome-wide association studies. We found genome-wide significant (p<5×10(-8)) evidence for variants at 8q24 and 11p15 and strong supportive evidence for a number of previously reported loci. We found little evidence for individual or systematic inflated association findings resulting from using public controls, demonstrating the utility of using public control data in large-scale genetic association studies of common variants. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of established common genetic variants for early-onset prostate cancer and the power of including early-onset prostate cancer cases in genetic association studies.
Scanning electron microscopy of early postmortem artefacts in the small intestine of a neonatal calf. (1978)

The stereoscopic appearance of early postmortem artefacts in the small intestine of a normal calf was examined with the scanning electron microscope. Swelling of villus tips and denudation of a few villi was observed 10 min after severing the carotid arteries. Similar changes were not seen in samples removed under anaesthesia.
Effects of growth factors and interleukin-1 alpha on proteoglycan and type II collagen turnover in bovine nasal and articular chondrocyte pellet cultures. (1996)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor-I, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and interluekin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) on the deposition and degradation of a cartilage-like matrix in high-density pellet cultures of adult bovine chondrocytes. Proteoglycan was determined by toluidine blue staining and colorimetric assay. Type II collagen was determined by immunohistochemical staining and its unwinding in situ by a recently developed immunoassay. Bovine nasal chondrocytes cultured as pellets deposited a well-organized extracellular matrix of proteoglycan and type II collagen. Insulin-like growth factor-I (2-10 ng/ml) increased the synthesis and incorporation into the matrix of both these proteins. TGF-beta (2-10 ng/ml) also increased proteoglycan synthesis. However it inhibited proteoglycan deposition, presumably through increased degradation of the molecule, as shown by increased release of aggrecan fragments into the tissue culture medium. TGF-beta had no effect on type II collagen deposition. In pellet cultures of bovine nasal or articular chondrocytes, 20 ng/ml IL-1 alpha induced a significant degradation of both proteoglycan and type II collagen. The effect on collagen clearly involved proteolytic cleavage of its triple helix because there was an increase in the proportion of unwound type II collagen in the matrix, as well as a loss of total type II collagen. In explant cultures of intact bovine articular cartilage, incubation with 50 ng/ml IL-1 alpha stimulated significant degradation of the proteoglycan but no degradation of the type II collagen. These results demonstrate that although the articular chondrocytes are capable of degrading type II collagen when isolated, they do not do so in situ, presumably because of some inherent property of the mature extracellular matrix. This study demonstrates the utility of pellet cultures when investigating chondrocyte-mediated turnover of cartilage matrix and its modulation by cytokines and growth factors.
Statistically undetectable jpeg steganography (2007)

The goal of this paper is to determine the steganographic capacity of JPEG images (the largest payload that can be undetectably embedded) with respect to current best steganalytic methods. Additionally, by testing selected steganographic algorithms we evaluate the influence of specific design elements and principles, such as the choice of the JPEG compressor, matrix embedding, adaptive content-dependent selection channels, and minimal distortion steganography using side information at the sender. From our experiments, we conclude that the average steganographic capacity of grayscale JPEG images with quality factor 70 is approximately 0.05 bits per non-zero AC DCT coefficient.
[Forecasts of numbers of pupils and students]. (1997)

The author discusses current and future trends in numbers of students in the Netherlands. "The changes in the numbers of students in post-compulsory education (e.g. higher education) are not only determined by demographic factors, but also (and even for the major part) by participation effects. These effects can be summarized as a general tendency towards higher educational levels, but this tendency has been weakened by a number of policy measures." (EXCERPT)
Oscillatory Viscous Flows. Review and Extension (1967)

Journal Article Oscillatory Viscous Flows. Review and Extension Get access N. RILEY N. RILEY School of Mathematics and Physics, University of East AngliaNorwich, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics, Volume 3, Issue 4, December 1967, Pages 419–434, https://doi.org/10.1093/imamat/3.4.419 Published: 01 December 1967 Article history Received: 30 January 1967 Published: 01 December 1967
The Effect of Wrap-Around Fins on Aerodynamic Stability and Rolling Moment Variations (1973)

Abstract : This report presents the results of an investigation of the effect of wrap-around fins on missile rolling moment coefficient. This investigation was conducted for four fin configurations at free stream Mach numbers ranging from 0.3 to 2.86. The wrap-around fin was found to have a self induced roll moment at zero angle of attack that varies with Mach number. This effect was studied for several fin geometric configurations for the static moment case. Comparisons between the moments caused by the fin cant and wrap-around fins are shown for the rolling case.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Plasma Flow Control over a Hump Model (2007)

Turbulent flow separation over a wall-mounted hump model and its control using plasma actuators were studied numerically and experimentally. The hump model chosen in this study was that used in a 2004 NASA Langley CFD validation workshop for turbulent separation control using synthetic jets. The numerical simulations solved the Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes equations using Fluent. Different turbulence models based on k-, k-! and SA were investigated. All turbulence models did a reasonable good job predicting the overall features of the flow fields, but only the k- model agreed well with the experimental data in terms of the skin friction coefficient. A body f orce model was used to simulate the effect of the plasma actuator. These results showed that the plasma actuator could be effective in controlling the turbulent flow separation over the hump. Both spanwise and streamwise plasma actuator configurations were investigated experimentally at a Rec = 288K. A smoke wire was used to visualize counter-rotating vortices generated by the streamwise plasma actuators. An optimum spacing between the exposed electrodes of the streamwise plasma actuator was found. Surface pressure coefficients demonstrate both streamwise and spanwise configurations work well for turbulent separation control.
[Analyses of the correlation between the fluxes of CO2 and the distribution of C & N in grassland soils]. (2004)

Using static dark enclosed chamber technique, the emissions of CO2 from typical temperate grasslands such as Stipa baicalensis, Leymus chinensis, Stipa grandis and Stipa krylovii in Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia were measured. And the contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen in different soil layers were also studied to analyze the correlation between the emissions of CO2 and the contents of C & N. The results showed that the emissions of CO2 from the 4 grassland communities were significantly positively correlated with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in different layers of grassland soils, and the correlation coefficients were almost all above 0.8. That meant the flux of CO2 is severely influenced by the contents of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen when environmental factors were similar. The decreases of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen with the depth into soils (more than 70% of the contents centralizes above 0-30 cm layer) showed that most of them came from the decomposition of organic matter on the earth's surface. In the 0-100 cm layer of grassland soils, the decreases of amount of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen from Stipa baicalensis, Stipa grandis and Leymus chinensis grasslands to Stipa krylovii grassland orderly showed that the impacts of precipitation, evaporation and dryness index on the distribution of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were important.
An interpreter's guide to understanding and working with seismic-derived acoustic impedance data (2000)

You have just joined a new asset team or new company. You're handed an area to evaluate. The data include seismic, logs, and a cube of acoustic impedance. What do you do with the impedance data? How was it created? What unique information does it provide? What pitfalls and artifacts may be present? How do you interpret this data set on a workstation that is designed for seismic data? How do you report your results to management? Valid questions? Read on.
A fixed-lag smoothing solution to out-of-sequence information fusion problems (2002)

Multi-sensor tracking using delayed, out-of-sequence Information (OOSI) is a problem of growing importance due to an increased reliance on networked sensors interconnected via complex communication network architectures. In such systems, it is often the case that information (in the form of raw or processed measurements) is received out-of-time-order at the fusion center. Owing to compatibility with legacy sensors and limited communication bandwidth most practical fusion systems send track information rather than raw measurements to the fusion node. This paper presents a unified Bayesian approach to handling this out-of-sequence information problem and provides implementable sub-optimal algorithms for both cluttered and non-cluttered scenarios involving single and multiple time-delayed measurements/tracks. Such an approach leads to a solution involving the joint probability density of current and past target states. A fixed-lag smoothing framework, developed by John Moore and his students almost 30 years ago, forms the basis of our algorithm. Under linear Gaussian assumptions, the Bayesian solution reduces to an Augmented State Kalman Filter (AS-KF). Computationally efficient versions of the AS-KF are considered in this paper. Simulations are presented to evaluate the performance of these solutions.
From Self-Organizing Polymers to Nanohybrid and Biomaterials (2002)

Block copolymers form a large number of superlattices with characteristic dimensions in the range of a few nanometers up to several micrometers by self-organization. The interplay of supramolecular physics and chemistry opens up new approaches to the production of inorganic, organic, and biological structures and to their integration into functional units. Possible applications in the fields of materials science and molecular biology are being investigated. Block copolymers find numerous applications from the production of inorganic nanoparticles (metals, semiconductors, magnets) and mesoporous materials up to take-up/release systems in chemo- and gene therapy.
A Two-Study Investigation Into How Television News Frames the Steroid Scandal in Major League Baseball and Fans’ Support for Bonds, McGwire, and Palmeiro’s Pending Induction Into the Baseball Hall of Fame (2014)

Under the guidance of social categorization theory (SCT), this project analyzed news coverage of steroid use in major league baseball (MLB), and fans’ perceptions of three players indicted for using steroids—Barry Bonds, Mark McGwire, and Rafael Palmeiro—should be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Study 1 results revealed that widespread attention was given to issues of legality with fewer reports regarding the health costs of using steroids between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2011, with Bonds receiving the most negative coverage for his alleged use. Study 2 examined fans’ support of Bonds, McGwire, and Palmeiro’s pending Hall of Fame inductions by drawing from the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and cultivation theory. The results revealed that player likability, similarity, attitudes, and subjective norms predicted support for each player with differences emerging between each player. The results are discussed with an emphasis on how SCT was used to intersect the health, media effects, and race literatures.
A family of VLSI designs for the motion compensation block-matching algorithm (1989)

A family of modular VLSI architectures and chip implementations of the motion-compensation full-search block-matching algorithm are described. This set of application-specific integrated circuits is motivated by the intensive computations required to perform motion compensation in real time. The architectures are based on data-flow designs, which allow sequential inputs but perform parallel processing with 100% efficiency. On the basis of these architectures, a programmable chip can be designed for motion vector estimation with different block sizes. The chips can be cascaded for a larger tracking range or for a video source with a higher pixel sampling rate. A chip-pair design is also derived for calculating fractional motion vectors with quarter-pel precision. The chip-pair design has been laid out, and the chip characteristics are given. Test circuitry is also included to increase the testability of the chips.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Loss of calbindin‐D<sub>28k</sub> from aging human cholinergic basal forebrain: Relation to neuronal loss (2002)

Cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (BFCN) are selectively vulnerable in neurodegenerative disorders of the elderly, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated age-related changes in the BFCN that may serve as a substrate for this vulnerability. We report a substantial and selective age-related loss of the calcium binding protein calbindin-D(28K) (CB) from the human BFCN. Unbiased stereological estimation indicated that, in individuals under age 65 years, 72% of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive BFCN contained CB immunoreactivity. In individuals over age 65 years, only 28% of the BFCN contained CB immunoreactivity, a dramatic loss of 61%. Similar results were obtained using neuronal counts from matching single- or double-stained sections in a larger cohort. The loss of CB immunoreactivity was neurochemically specific. No age-related changes were observed in the number of ChAT- or low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75(NTR))-immunoreactive profiles. The loss of CB was greatest in very old individuals, in whom a small loss of BFCN was observed. Furthermore, the loss of CB displayed the same pattern as the loss of BFCN in AD and was more substantial in the posterior compared with the anterior BFCN sector, suggesting a role for CB in the selective vulnerability of BFCN in AD. The depletion of CB from the BFCN is likely to deprive these neurons of the capacity to buffer high levels of intracellular Ca(2+) and thus to leave them vulnerable to pathological processes, such as those in neurodegenerative disorders, which can cause increased intracellular Ca(2+), thus leading to their degeneration.
Resource Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks for an Improved Field Coverage and Cooperative Target Tracking (2018)

There are various challenges that face a wireless sensor network (WSN) that mainly originate from the limited resources a sensor node usually has. A sensor node often relies on a battery as a power supply which, due to its limited capacity, tends to shorten the life-time of the node and the network as a whole. Other challenges arise from the limited capabilities of the sensors/actuators a node is equipped with, leading to complication like a poor coverage of the event, or limited mobility in the environment. This dissertation deals with the coverage problem as well as the limited power and capabilities of a sensor node. In some environments, a controlled deployment of the WSN may not be attainable. In such case, the only viable option would be a random deployment over the region of interest (ROI), leading to a great deal of uncovered areas as well as many cutoff nodes. Three different scenarios are presented, each addressing the coverage problem for a distinct purpose. First, a multi-objective optimization is considered with the purpose of relocating the sensor nodes after the initial random deployment, through maximizing the field coverage while minimizing the cost of mobility. Simulations reveal the improvements in coverage, while maintaining the mobility cost to a minimum. In the second scenario, tracking a mobile target with a high level of accuracy is of interest. The relocation process was based on learning the spatial mobility trends of the targets. Results show the improvement in tracking accuracy in terms of mean square position error. The last scenario involves the use of inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) to predict the destination of a given target. This lay the ground for future exploration of the relocation problem to achieve improved prediction accuracy. Experiments investigated the interaction between prediction accuracy and terrain severity. The other WSN limitation is dealt with by introducing the concept of sparse sensing to schedule the measurements of sensor nodes. A hybrid WSN setup of low and high precision nodes is examined. Simulations showed that the greedy algorithm used for scheduling the nodes, realized a network that is more resilient to individual node failure. Moreover, the use of more affordable nodes stroke a better trade-off between deployment feasibility and precision.
Investigation of capabilities and technologies supporting rapid UAV launch system development (2015)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are playing progressively more complex roles in private, commercial, and military applications. One developing mission set of interest to entities in the governmental and defense sectors is UAV swarming: a concept of unit deployment where individuals exhibit complex behaviors when acting as members of a group that are not observed when those units act in isolation. While several barriers exist, one capability gap that must be bridged for fixed-wing systems is the ability to facilitate operationally relevant sortie generation rates. While creating systems mechanically capable of high launch rates is key, there are supporting capabilities that should be considered during the design of UAV launch systems to increase usability and margin to safety. Integration with existing control systems, detection and response to environmental changes, safety interlocks, and software can help achieve these goals and produce a more robust launcher. This report focuses on the identification, selection, and development of such capabilities, which are implemented into launch systems through an iterative prototyping process. Ultimately, a new UAV launch system is created and demonstrated through operational experimentation: one capable of high launch rates, integration with existing control systems, and additional sensors-based capabilities that have heretofore never been seen.
Lithium Diffusion in Graphitic Carbon (2010)

Graphitic carbon is currently considered the state-of-the-art material for the negative electrode in lithium ion cells, mainly due to its high reversibility and low operating potential. However, carbon anodes exhibit mediocre charge/discharge rate performance, which contributes to severe transport-induced surface structural damage upon prolonged cycling and limits the lifetime of the cell. Lithium bulk diffusion in graphitic carbon is not yet completely understood, partly due to the complexity of measuring bulk transport properties in finite-sized nonisotropic particles. To solve this problem for graphite, we use the Devanathan−Stachurski electrochemical methodology combined with ab initio computations to deconvolute and quantify the mechanism of lithium ion diffusion in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The results reveal inherent high lithium ion diffusivity in the direction parallel to the graphene plane (∼10−7−10−6 cm2 s−1), as compared to sluggish lithium ion transport along grain boundaries (∼10−11 cm2 s−1), indicating the possibility of rational design of carbonaceous materials and composite electrodes with very high rate capability.
Temperature performance of 1.3-&#x003BC;m InGaAsP-InP lasers with different profile of p-doping (1997)

Temperature dependencies of the threshold current, device slope efficiency, and heterobarrier electron leakage current from the active region of InGaAsP-InP multiquantum-well (MQW) lasers with different profiles of acceptor doping were measured. We demonstrate that the temperature sensitivity of the device characteristics depends on the profile of p-doping, and that the variance in the temperature behavior of the threshold current and slope efficiency for lasers with different doping profiles cannot be explained by the change of the measured value of the leakage current with doping only. The entire experimental data can be qualitatively explained by suggesting that doping ran affect the value of electrostatic band profile deformation that affects temperature sensitivity of the output device characteristics. We show that doping of the p-cladding/SCH layer interface in InGaAsP-InP MQW lasers leads to improvement of the device temperature performance.