gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of thin film nanocomposite membranes with surface modified MOF for high flux organic solvent nanofiltration (2016)

Preparation of defect‐free and optimized thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes is an effective way to enhance the process of organic solvent nanofiltration. However, it still remains a great challenge due to poor filler particle dispersibility in organic phase and compatible issue between fillers and polymers. Aiming at these difficulties, UiO‐66‐NH 2 nanoparticles were surface modified with long alkyl chains and used in the preparation of TFN membranes. As a result, defect‐free TFN membranes with ultrathin MOF@polyamide layer were successfully prepared benefited from the improved particle dispersibility in n‐hexane. Significant enhancement was found in methanol permeance after nanoparticle incorporation, without comprising the tetracycline rejection evidently. Especially, the novel TFN membrane prepared with organic phase solution containing 0.15% (w/v) modified UiO‐66‐NH 2 nanoparticles showed a superior methanol permeance of 20 L·m −2 ·h −1 ·bar −1 and a tetracycline rejection of about 99%, which is appealing to the application in pharmaceutical industry for example. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 63: 1303–1312, 2017
Katanin's severing activity favors bundling of cortical microtubules in plants (2006)

Higher plant cells exhibit interphase microtubule arrays specific to plants, which are essential for their developmental program. These cortical microtubules (CMT) consist of a population of highly dynamic microtubules that are usually organized into bundles in the cortex of the cells. The organization of CMT is intimately linked to the acquisition of specialized functions, and subsequentchanges in their distribution affect their properties. The mechanisms underlying the formation and the distribution of CMT are still unclear, and little is known about the proteins that are involved in this phenomenon. Here we investigated the putative role of katanin, the only known plant microtubule-severing protein, in the organization of CMT. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis lines that overexpress katanin under the control of an ethanol-inducible promoter. In response to an induced overexpression of katanin, CMT organized into numerous and thick bundles, which ultimately depolymerized. From the analyses of CMT patterns together with recent data on CMT dynamics, we propose that, in interphase cells, katanin's main activity is to free CMT, generating motile microtubules that incorporate into bundles.
Einstufensynthese von 2,4‐Bis(<i>sec</i>‐alkylamino) ‐6‐halogen‐3‐pyridincarbonitrilen (1980)

Abstract Malonsäuredinitril ( 1 ) liefert mit sec ‐Alkylhalogniden/Aluminiumchlorid (mit Ausnahme der Alkylfluoride) bei Raumtemperatur die Titelverbindungen (z. B. 2a‐c Oder 7. Diese lassen sich glatt in die entsprechenden 2,4‐Bis( sec ‐alkylamino)pyridine überführen. 1 oder das aus 2 Molekülen 1 gebildete 10b mit R = H geben mit Bromwasserstoff 2,4‐Diamino‐6‐brom‐5‐pyridincarbonitril ( 17 ).
Interconnected Network of MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanowires with a “Cocoonlike” Morphology: Redox Couple-Mediated Performance Enhancement in Symmetric Aqueous Supercapacitor (2014)

Low electronic conductivity and slow faradic processes limit the performance of MnO2 as an electrochemical pseudocapacitor with respect to cycling and power density. Herein, we report preparation of single-phase α-MnO2, composed of an interconnected nanowire network with "cocoonlike" morphology, and its application as electrode in a symmetric aqueous supercapacitor. Increased "effective" surface area, coexistence of micropores and mesopores, and enhanced electron transport in these nanowire networks result in a specific pseudocapacitance (CS) of 775 F·g(-1) in 3 M KOH, derived from cyclic voltammetry in the potential window of -1 to +1 V at a scan rate of 2 mV·s(-1), the highest reported for two-electrode symmetric configuration. Furthermore, introduction of K4Fe(CN)6 as a redox-active additive to KOH results in ∼7 times increase in energy density at a power density of ∼6000 W·kg(-1). The presence of the Fe(CN)6(4-)/Fe(CN)6(3-) redox couple provides an electron buffer source compensating for the slow faradic reactions. The results demonstrate that this simple approach might be an effective way to enhance the redox kinetics and reversibility of transition metal oxide-based pseudocapacitors.
Synthetic methods and reactions. 135. Single-step reductive isomerization of unsaturated polycyclics to C4n+6H4n+12 diamondoid cage hydrocarbons with sodium borohydride/triflic acid (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic methods and reactions. 135. Single-step reductive isomerization of unsaturated polycyclics to C4n+6H4n+12 diamondoid cage hydrocarbons with sodium borohydride/triflic acidGeorge A. Olah, An Hsiang Wu, Omar Farooq, and G. K. Surya PrakashCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 6, 1450–1451Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00267a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00267a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views425Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mcl-1 in Transgenic Mice Promotes Survival in a Spectrum of Hematopoietic Cell Types and Immortalization in the Myeloid Lineage (1998)

Mcl-1 is a member of the Bcl-2 family that is expressed in early monocyte differentiation and that can promote viability on transfection into immature myeloid cells. However, the effects of Mcl-1 are generally short lived compared with those of Bcl-2 and are not obvious in some transfectants. To further explore the effects of this gene, mice were produced that expressed Mcl-1 as a transgene in hematolymphoid tissues. The Mcl-1 transgene was found to cause moderate viability enhancement in a wide range of hematopoietic cell types, including lymphoid (B and T) as well as myeloid cells at both immature and mature stages of differentiation. However, enhanced hematopoietic capacity in transgenic bone marrow and spleen was not reflected in any change in pool sizes in the peripheral blood. In addition, among transgenic cells, mature T cells remained long lived compared with B cells and macrophages could live longer than either of these. Interestingly, when hematopoietic cells were maintained in tissue culture in the presence of interleukin-3, Mcl-1 enhanced the probability of outgrowth of continuously proliferating myeloid cell lines. Thus, Mcl-1 transgenic cells remained subject to normal in vivo homeostatic mechanisms controlling viable cell number, but these constraints could be overridden under specific conditions in vitro. Within the organism, Bcl-2 family members may act at “viability gates” along the differentiation continuum, functioning as part of a system for controlled hematopoietic cell amplification. Enforced expression of even a moderate viability-promoting member of this family such as Mcl-1, within a conducive intra- and extracellular environment in isolation from normal homeostatic constraints, can substantially increase the probability of cell immortalization. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
On the Mechanism of Inactivation of Xanthine Oxidase by Cyanide (1970)

Abstract The inactivation of xanthine oxidase by cyanide is accompanied by the extraction of sulfur from the protein which is eliminated as thiocyanate. When the cyanide inactivation is carried out under anaerobic conditions, partial reduction of the enzyme occurs, equivalent to approximately a 2-electron uptake per eq of thiocyanate released. Cyanide-inactivated enzyme can be largely reactivated by incubation with Na2S. Experiments with 35S-labeled Na2S reveal that the reactivation is accompanied by the reincorporation of sulfur into the protein. Treatment of such 35S-labeled enzyme with cyanide results in inactivation again and the elimination of 35S-labeled thiocyanate.
Stabilized Platinum Electrodes for Ferroelectric Film Deposition using Ti, Ta and Zr Adhesion Layers (1998)

Pt-based metallizations using different adhesion layers (Ti, Zr and Ta) were studied for use as electrodes for ferroelectric thin films on oxidized silicon substrates. Different ways of oxidizing the adhesion layers prior to ferroelectric film growth are compared, with regard to obtaining stable, adherent Pt films of well-defined (111) orientation, while avoiding lead diffusion through the electrode. Upon in-situ deposition of PbTiO 3 at high excess lead flux, lead diffusion through the Pt film was found to depend strongly on the adhesion layer and the stabilization treatment. Pre-oxidation reduces lead diffusion during the later processing. Ti diffuses through the electrode upon oxidation, whereas Ta and Zr stay in place, in analogy to the diffusivities in the corresponding oxides. A novel oxidation treatment was developed to produce stable, adherent metallizations with controlled orientation and good barrier properties against lead diffusion.
Loss Mechanisms and Measurements in Clad Glass Fibers and Bulk Glass (1971)

Optical-loss mechanisms and transmission losses were investigated in clad glass fibers and in the bulk glass from which they were drawn. Measurements of the total losses, absorption losses, and scattering losses in both the fibers and in the bulk materials are presented and compared. Photomicrographs of scattered light were made at 90° with 0.6328-μm laser light propagating in the fiber core. These revealed the presence of an extremely large number of discrete light-scattering centers, both in the core and in the cladding. Similar photomicrographs of the bulk materials also show the presence of discrete scattering centers. Scattering centers have also been observed by means of an electron microscope; they have been shown to be crystalline, by both electron diffraction and x-ray diffraction.
Design and operation of a floating gate amplifier (1974)

A unique amplifier configuration is examined that fully exploits the intrinsically high signal-to-noise performance of charge-coupled devices (CCD's). In this amplifier, the signal charge is detected with a conducting `floating gate' embedded in the oxide between a bias electrode and the silicon substrate. The change of voltage on the floating gate produced by the signal charge in the CCD channel is then used to modulate the current flow in a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor. The signal charge remains isolated and can be moved downstream in the CCD channel; thus, it can be detected again by other similar structures. Computer analysis, test structure design, and experimental results of a floating gate amplifier (FGA) are presented.
Polymeric composite photorefractive materials for nonlinear optical applications (1994)

Polymeric composite materials constitute a new and very promising class of photorefractive materials. In the design of polymeric photorefractive materials we use multicomponent composites in which necessary functionalities can be independently optimized. The investigated composites consisted of charge transporting polymeric matrix, and optically second-order active molecules. Two different photosensitizers were used to vary the wavelength response. Photorefractive properties of these materials were investigated using erasable volume holography in a non-degenerate four-wave mixing geometry and two-beam coupling techniques. A previously developed model of space-charge field grating formation in photoconductive polymers was used to explain the field dependence of four-wave mixing diffraction efficiency. The model takes into account the field dependence of charge photogeneration quantum yield, carrier field mobility, and electro-optic coefficient. Necessary information about these parameters was obtained from the results of photoconductivity and electro-optic modulation experiments. Special attention was focused on the kinetics of photorefractive response in the composite for optical signal processing and optical storage. It was found that a very effective switching of diffraction efficiency induced by dc electric field occurs in this system. Also, the results of kinetic studies of the index grating writing and its subsequent light-induced erasure, as well as a demonstration of the holographic image recording and retrieval, are reported.
Rapid Characterization of Spores of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Bacteria by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2000)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to characterize the spores of 14 microorganisms of the Bacillus cereus group. This group includes the four Bacillus species B. anthracis, B. cereus, B. mycoides, and B. thuringiensis. MALDI mass spectra obtained from whole bacterial spores showed many similarities between the species, except for B. mycoides. At the same time, unique mass spectra could be obtained for the different B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains, allowing for differentiation at the strain level. To increase the number of detectable biomarkers in the usually peak-poor MALDI spectra of spores, the spores were treated by corona plasma discharge (CPD) or sonicated prior to MALDI analysis. Spectra of sonicated or CPD-treated spores displayed an ensemble of biomarkers common for B. cereus group bacteria. Based on the spectra available, these biomarkers differentiate B. cereus group spores from those of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus globigii. The effect of growth medium on MALDI spectra of spores was also explored.
Self-heated silicon nanowires for high performance hydrogen gas detection (2015)

Self-heated silicon nanowire sensors for high-performance, ultralow-power hydrogen detection have been developed. A top-down nanofabrication method based on well-established semiconductor manufacturing technology was utilized to fabricate silicon nanowires in wafer scale with high reproducibility and excellent compatibility with electronic readout circuits. Decoration of palladium nanoparticles onto the silicon nanowires enables sensitive and selective detection of hydrogen gas at room temperature. Self-heating of silicon nanowire sensors allows us to enhance response and recovery performances to hydrogen gas, and to reduce the influence of interfering gases such as water vapor and carbon monoxide. A short-pulsed heating during recovery was found to be effective for additional reduction of operation power as well as recovery characteristics. This self-heated silicon nanowire gas sensor will be suitable for ultralow-power applications such as mobile telecommunication devices and wireless sensing nodes.
Rat apolipoprotein A-IV contains 13 tandem repetitions of a 22-amino acid segment with amphipathic helical potential. (1984)

Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV is a 46,000 Mr protein that is a major component of rat high density lipoproteins and chylomicrons. We have isolated, from a rat intestinal cDNA library, a full-length apo A-IV clone of 1423 base pairs and determined its nucleotide sequence. The 1173-nucleotide coding region specifies a protein of 391 amino acids, which includes a 20-amino acid signal peptide. The portion of the cDNA sequence representing the mature plasma protein contains a 66-nucleotide subsequence that is repeated at least 13 times. Although each repeated unit shows some sequence variation, base changes in comparably positioned codons generally conserve the chemical type, if not the identity, of the corresponding amino acids. Nine of the thirteen 22-amino acid repeat units in the derived protein sequence begin with proline and most of these docosapeptides are predicted to have a high content of alpha-helix according to Chou-Fasman rules. When hydration potentials of individual residues are considered, many of the helices are shown to be amphipathic and may thus constitute lipid-binding domains with the ability to activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. The structure and organization of the repeat units of rat apo A-IV bear a striking similarity to a corresponding repeated sequence block in human apo A-I. This finding raises the possibility of close tandem linkage of the apo A-I and A-IV genes and suggests unequal crossing-over as a mechanism for the evolution of these genes.
Fibrinogen Adsorption on Three Silica-Based Surfaces:  Conformation and Kinetics (2006)

Using AFM (atomic force microscopy) to probe protein conformation and arrangement, and TIRF (total internal reflectance fluorescence) to monitor kinetics, fibrinogen adsorption on three different silica-based surfaces was studied: the native oxide on silicon, acid-etched microscope slides, and acid-etched polished glass. The three are chemically similar, but the microscope slide is rougher and induces AFM tip instabilities that appear as high spots on the bare surface. Fibrinogen's conformation and transport-limited adsorption kinetics are found to be quantitatively similar on all three surfaces. Further, the number of adsorbed proteins in progressive AFM micrographs quantitatively match the coverages measured by TIRF during early adsorption. Surfaces appear full, via AFM, when adsorbed amounts are about an order of magnitude below their true saturation levels (via TIRF) because, above about 0.26 mg/m(2), individual proteins cannot be discerned. The results demonstrate how the appearance of AFM micrographs can be misleading regarding surface saturation. On all three surfaces, fibrinogen is, at most, slightly aggregated, showing limited, if any, surface mobility. The complexities of the microscope slide's surface landscape minimally impact adsorption.
Blue-Light Emission of Cu(I) Complexes and Singlet Harvesting (2011)

Strongly luminescent neutral copper(I) complexes of the type Cu(pop)(NN), with pop = bis(2-(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl)ether and NN = bis(pyrazol-1-yl)borohydrate (pz(2)BH(2)), tetrakis(pyrazol-1-yl)borate (pz(4)B), or bis(pyrazol-1-yl)-biphenyl-borate (pz(2)Bph(2)), are readily accessible in reactions of Cu(acetonitrile)(4)(+) with equimolar amounts of the pop and NN ligands at ambient temperature. All products were characterized by means of single crystal X-ray diffractometry. The compounds exhibit very strong blue/white luminescence with emission quantum yields of up to 90%. Investigations of spectroscopic properties and the emission decay behavior in the temperature range between 1.6 K and ambient temperature allow us to assign the emitting electronic states. Below 100 K, the emission decay times are in the order of many hundreds of microseconds. Therefore, it is concluded that the emission stems from the lowest triplet state. This state is assigned to a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer state (3MLCT) involving Cu-3dand pop-π* orbitals. With temperature increase, the emission decay time is drastically reduced, e.g. to 13 μs [corrected] (Cu(pop)-(pz(2)Bph(2))), at ambient temperature. At this temperature, the complexes exhibit high emission quantum yields, as neat material or doped into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This behavior is assigned to an efficient thermal population of a singlet state (being classified as (1)MLCT), which lies only 800 to 1300 cm(-1) above the triplet state, depending on the individual complex. Thus, the resulting emission at ambient temperature largely represents a fluorescence. For applications in OLEDs and LEECs, for example, this type of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) creates a new mechanism that allows to harvest both singlet and triplet excitons (excitations) in the lowest singlet state. This effect of singlet harvesting leads to drastically higher radiative rates than obtainable for emissions from triplet states of Cu(I) complexes.
Efficacy of Newly Developed Pressure Swing Adsorption Type Oxygen Concentrator with Membrane Humidifier: Comparison with Conventional Oxygen Concentrator with Bubble Water Humidifier. (1997)

To examine the clinical efficacy of a newly developed pressure swing adsorption (PSA) type oxygen concentrator with a membrane humidifier without added water for humidification, the new machine was compared with the conventional PSA type oxygen concentrator with bubble water humidifier in 10 patients with chronic pulmonary disease. Relative humidity, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in arterial blood were measured when the patient breathed air and oxygen from the oxygen concentrators. No significant difference between PaO2 while breathing oxygen flow from the new machine and that while breathing oxygen from the conventional oxygen concentrator was observed. All patients answered that there was no difference on subjective impression between breathing oxygen from the new machine and from the conventional oxygen concentrator. Sufficient relative humidity (above 50%) of oxygen flow was obtained by using membrane humidifier. Since this machine saves the troublesome procedures of cleaning the container and changing the water, it will be beneficial to the patients who use a PSA-type oxygen concentrator in their home.
Selective Super-Resolution for Scene Text Images (2019)

In this paper, we realize the enhancement of super-resolution using images with scene text. Specifically, this paper proposes the use of Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Networks (SRCNN) which are constructed to tackle issues associated with characters and text. We demonstrate that standard SRCNNs trained for general object super-resolution is not sufficient and that the proposed method is a viable method in creating a robust model for text. To do so, we analyze the characteristics of SRCNNs through quantitative and qualitative evaluations with scene text data. In addition, analysis using the correlation between layers by Singular Vector Canonical Correlation Analysis (SVCCA) and comparison of filters of each SRCNN using t-SNE is performed. Furthermore, in order to create a unified super-resolution model specialized for both text and objects, a model using SRCNNs trained with the different data types and Content-wise Network Fusion (CNF) is used. We integrate the SRCNN trained for character images and then SRCNN trained for general object images, and verify the accuracy improvement of scene images which include text. We also examine how each SRCNN affects super-resolution images after fusion.
Antibacterial activity of quinolones against coagulase-negative staphylococci and the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA genes from six species [published erratum appears in J Antimicrob Chemother 1998 Feb;41(2):317 and 1998 Jun;41(6):671] (1997)

Antibacterial activity of quinolones against three species of coagulase-negative staphylococci was investigated. Tosufloxacin and sparfloxacin exhibited potent activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus compared with other quinolones tested. From the analysis of the DNA sequence in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR), greater than 80% homology was recognized in coagulase-negative staphylococci. A series residue was conserved in all six species at the position corresponding to position 84 in Staphylococcus aureus.