gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effects of Esmolol and Verapamil in a Model of a Supraventricular Tachydysrhythmia (1990)

Supraventricular tachydysrhythmias are a commonly encountered clinical problem after cardiothoracic surgery. Current choices for acute drug therapy of these dysrhythmias include intravenous verapamil as well as esmolol, but no data yet exist comparing the relative negative dromotropic (atrioventricular [A-V] nodal blocking) and negative inotropic effects of these agents. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of esmolol with those of verapamil on systemic hemodynamics, coronary blood flow, and cardiac contractility at doses that produce a similar ventricular response rate in an animal model of a supraventricular tachydysrhythmia. Rapid electrical stimulation (800 impulses/min) of the left atrium in 14 dogs resulted in a rapid and irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm. Esmolol or verapamil were administered by bolus and then infusion to incrementally slow the average ventricular rate. Regional myocardial contractility was measured using the end-systolic pressure-length relationship (Ees). At drug doses that produced similar decreases in ventricular rate, esmolol produced a greater decrease in contractility (Ees: 284 +/- 46 to 40 +/- 22 mmHg/mm, LV dp/dt: 2,400 +/- 450 to 1,360 +/- 450 mmHg/sec) compared with that following verapamil (Ees: 297 +/- 57 to 116 +/- 25 mmHg/mm, LV dp/dt: 2,040 +/- 580 to 1,950 +/- 520 mmHg/sec). This was accompanied by a modest decrease in cardiac output in the esmolol group (2,800 +/- 940 to 2,290 +/- 730 ml/min) compared with an unchanged cardiac output as ventricular rate slowed in verapamil-treated animals. Stroke volume increased significantly in the verapamil-treated animals (10.9 +/- 4.0 to 18.5 +/- 4.6 ml), but remained unchanged following esmolol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dimethyl sulfoxide in experimental brain injury, with comparison to mannitol (1980)

The effects of dimethyl sulfoxide therapy were studied in rhesus monkeys following a standardized occipitofrontal missile injury. This therapy resulted in substantially higher blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, blood flow, and oxidative metabolism than those of a group of monkeys that had been treated similarly with mannitol, and than those of an untreated group.
Pinocembrin suppresses TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells through inactivating αvβ3 integrin/FAK/p38α signaling pathway (2014)

Presented results indicated that pinocembrin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis of Y-79 cells by inactivating the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/p38α signaling pathway. Thus, our findings point to the anticancer potential of pinocembrin against retinoblastoma cells.
New Database Operators for Sensor Networks (2007)

Recently, researches on relational database approaches to sensor networks are being tried. There occur, however, some problems in applying directly the traditional relational database concepts into a sensor network in that every database operation is performed only on the real existing data which are tuples in database relations. The reason is because in a sensor network viewpoint situations under which some operations should be performed on non-existing data may occur frequently. For instance, Can we write a query to get temperature of a spot with no sensor node? Additionally, let us assume a sensor network that two different classes of nodes are scattered in the same area. We cannot get join results to know the relationship between two different classes of sensing values because there might be no nodes at a exact same location. For a solution about the above described problems we propose in this paper new database operators. This new database operators can provide more effective data management and standard interfaces to application programs in sensor networks.
Molecular Order Parameter Profiles and Diffusion Coefficients of Cationic Lipid Bilayers on a Solid Support (2003)

The molecular order and lateral diffusion in fluid cationic bilayers of chain perdeuterated DPTAP (1,2-dipalmitoyl-d62-trimethylammonium-propane) on a spherical solid support were studied by deuterium NMR and microcalorimetry. In comparison to the zwitterionic perdeuterated DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-d62-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), the molecular order parameter profile of the palmitoyl chains of DPTAP shows significantly higher molecular order toward the interface while similar values were obtained in the vicinity of the bilayer center. The lateral diffusion coefficient D of DPTAP is D = (13.2 ± 1.5) × 10-12 m2/s at 60 °C, slightly below that of DPPC at this temperature. Increasing the ionic strength caused the value of D to decrease further. The results suggest that despite the cationic charge the supported DPTAP bilayer features tighter molecular packing and a reduced lateral diffusivity of its constituents than for the zwitterionic DPPC on a solid support.
Image enhancement using a contrast measure in the compressed domain (2003)

An image enhancement algorithm for images compressed using the JPEG standard is presented. The algorithm is based on a contrast measure defined within the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. The advantages of the psychophysically motivated algorithm are 1) the algorithm does not affect the compressibility of the original image because it enhances the images in the decompression stage and 2) the approach is characterized by low computational complexity. The proposed algorithm is applicable to any DCT-based image compression standard, such as JPEG, MPEG 2, and H. 261.
New synthesis of pyrido[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines. <b>III</b>. Nucleophilic substitution on 4‐amino‐2‐halo and 2‐amino‐4‐halo‐5,6‐dihydropyrido[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidin‐7(8<i>H</i>)‐ones (1988)

Abstract As the third step of a new general synthesis of pyrido[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidines, the substitution of the halogens by several nucleophiles has been carried out. Yields are between good and high in every case, even when 4‐halogenated compounds have a neighbouring methyl group in C5.
Submicrometre particle separation via high-speed gas centrifuges (1997)

The separation of submicrometre particulate matter from gases is a problem that has attracted much interest over the years. Filter systems require low face velocities and hence tend to be of large size, while also requiring sophisticated, bulky, regeneration systems. A high-speed centrifuge which can be linked with a turbocharger has been developed which can remove particulates well into the submicrometre range in diameter. The centrifuge operates at speeds of up to 60 000 r/min, with the assistance of both axial thrust air bearings and radial foil bearings. Experimental analysis of the centrifuge using particle sizing techniques etc. has shown the effectiveness of the system operating at a range of different flowrates. This has been done by comparing the relative effectiveness of the system for the different flowrates. The paper discusses the analysis of the separative efficiency (i.e. the ability to concentrate particles into a small proportion of the gas) of the present system and the predicted efficiencies of future systems.
A semantics-directed compiler generator (1982)

Article Free Access Share on A semantics-directed compiler generator Author: Lawrence Paulson Stanford University and Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, U. K. Stanford University and Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, U. K.View Profile Authors Info & Claims POPL '82: Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languagesJanuary 1982 Pages 224–233https://doi.org/10.1145/582153.582178Online:25 January 1982Publication History 54citation699DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations54Total Downloads699Last 12 Months13Last 6 weeks7 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
On a Self-Adaptive Enhancement Algorithm of Color Image (2010)

The bionic color image enhancement algorithm based on the human visual system characteristics of global and local self-adaptive uses for enhance the color image under non-uniform and low lighting conditions. This algorithm first enhances the luminance of dark areas by global luminance adjustment and compresses the dynamic range as well. Then it uses the relation of the current point neighborhood pixel average filter output to enhance image local contrast by adjust the brightness of current point. Lastly simple linear color restoration arithmetic is applied to resume the image color. The algorithm gives consideration to each color component contribution to brightness. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is an effective method of color image enhancement.
A Leaf Lipoxygenase of Potato Induced Specifically by Pathogen Infection (2000)

Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity has been identified consistently during pathogen-induced defense responses. Here we report the involvement of a specific leaf LOX gene of potato (Solanum tuberosum), designated POTLX-3 (GenBank/EMBL accession no. U60202), in defense responses against pathogens. The sequence of POTLX-3 does not match any other LOX genes of potato and has the greatest match to a tobacco LOX gene that contributes to a resistance mechanism against Phytophthora parasitica var nicotianae. POTLX-3 transcript accumulation was not detected in untreated, healthy potato organs or in wounded mature leaves. POTLX-3 mRNA accumulation was induced in potato leaves treated with ethylene or methyl jasmonate or infected with either virulent or avirulent strains of Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight. During the resistance response, POTLX-3 was induced within 6 hours, increased steadily through 24 hours, and its mRNA continued to accumulate for a week after inoculation. In contrast, when a plant was susceptible to P. infestans, induction of mRNA accumulation in response to inoculation was inconsistent and delayed. LOX activity assayed during an incompatible interaction in leaves peaked 3 days earlier than during a compatible interaction. POTLX-3 mRNA accumulation also was induced during hypersensitive response development caused by the incompatible pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola. Our results show that POTLX-3 may be involved specifically in defense responses against pathogen infection.
Asymmetrically Doped FinFETs for Low-Power Robust SRAMs (2011)

We propose FinFETs with unequal source and drain doping concentrations [asymmetrically doped (AD) FinFETs] for low-power robust SRAMs. The effect of asymmetric source/drain doping on the device characteristics is extensively analyzed, and the key differences between conventional and AD FinFETs are clearly shown. We show that asymmetry in the device structure leads to unequal currents for positive and negative drain biases, which is exploited to achieve mitigation of read-write conflict in 6T SRAMs. The proposed device exhibits superior short-channel characteristics compared to a conventional FinFET due to reduced electric fields from the terminal that has a lower doping. This results in significantly lower cell leakage in AD-FinFET-based 6T SRAM. Compared to the conventional FinFET-based 6T SRAM, AD-FinFET SRAM shows 5.2%-8.3% improvement in read static noise margin (SNM), 4.1%-10.2% higher write margin, 4.1%-8.8% lower write time, 1.3%-3.5% higher hold SNM, and 2.1-2.5 lower cell leakage at the cost of 20%-23% higher access time. There is no area penalty associated with the proposed technique.
Observation of Thermal Conductivity of Pressureless Sintered AlN Ceramics under Control of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Content and Sintering Condition (2011)

Aluminum nitride (AlN) has excellent thermal conductivity, whereas it has some disadvantage such as low sinterability. In this study, the effects of sintering additive content and sintering condition on thermal conductivity of pressureless sintered AlN ceramics were examined on the variables of 1~3 wt% sintering additive (Y 2 O 3 ) content at 1900 o C in N 2 atmosphere with holding time of 2~10 h. All AlN specimens showed higher thermal conductivity as the Y 2 O 3 content and holding time increase. The formation of secondary phases (yttrium aluminates) by reaction of Y 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 from AlN surface promoted the thermal conductivity of AlN specimens, because the secondary phases could reduce the oxygen contents in AlN lattice. Also, thermal conductivity was increased by long sintering time because of the uniform distribution and the elimination of the secondary phases at the grain boundary by the evaporation effect during long holding time. A carbothermal reduction reaction was also affected on the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of AlN specimens sintered at 1900 o C for 10 h showed 130~200 W/mK according to the content of sintering additive.
Adipose Tissue Model Using Three-Dimensional Cultivation of Preadipocytes Seeded onto Fibrous Polymer Scaffolds (2005)

A better understanding of the mechanism of adipose tissue differentiation is of paramount importance in the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Optimal results using tissue culture models can be expected only when the in vitro adipocyte resembles adipose tissue in vivo as closely as possible. In this study, we used tissue-engineering principles to develop a three-dimensional (3-D) culture system to mimic the geometry of adipose tissue in vivo. Mouse preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells were seeded onto nonbiodegradable fibrous polyethylene terephthalate scaffolds and differentiated with a hormone cocktail consisting of insulin, dexamethasone, isobutylmethylxanthine, and fetal calf serum. Cell morphology, growth, differentiation, and function were studied by immunocytochemistry, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and oil red O staining. Cells grown on 3-D fibrous scaffolds were differentiated in situ by hormone induction with high efficiency (approximately 90%) as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Immunocytochemistry, immunoblot analysis, and RT-PCR revealed that the 3-D constructs expressed adipocyte-specific genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, leptin, adipsin, aP2, adiponectin, GLUT4, and resistin. Adipocytes matured on 3-D constructs secreted leptin at levels even greater than that of fully differentiated adipocytes in 2-D conventional cell cultures. Finally, adipocyte-specific phenotypic function was demonstrated by accumulation of neutral lipids in larger fat droplets. In conclusion, preadipocytes grown on 3-D matrices acquire morphology and biological features of mature adipocytes. This new culture model should have significant utility for in vitro studies of adipocyte cell biology and development.
MSClust: a tool for unsupervised mass spectra extraction of chromatography-mass spectrometry ion-wise aligned data (2011)

Mass peak alignment (ion-wise alignment) has recently become a popular method for unsupervised data analysis in untargeted metabolic profiling. Here we present MSClust-a software tool for analysis GC-MS and LC-MS datasets derived from untargeted profiling. MSClust performs data reduction using unsupervised clustering and extraction of putative metabolite mass spectra from ion-wise chromatographic alignment data. The algorithm is based on the subtractive fuzzy clustering method that allows unsupervised determination of a number of metabolites in a data set and can deal with uncertain memberships of mass peaks in overlapping mass spectra. This approach is based purely on the actual information present in the data and does not require any prior metabolite knowledge. MSClust can be applied for both GC-MS and LC-MS alignment data sets. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11306-011-0368-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
An efficient and reliable object-oriented exception handling mechanism (2005)

This paper proposes an exception handling mechanism for developing reliable object-oriented systems based on analyzing some problems encountered in the C++ programming language. The exceptions are organized into a knowledge sharing inheritance hierarchy and the handlers can be defined within exception classes. This enables the information to be hidden. The separation between the normal codes and the exception handling codes makes the program neat and maintainable. It supports both the termination and the retry model. Binding the exception to the object responsible for its raise can solve the issue of matching the handler relying on only the exception type.
논문 : 석션드레인공법을 적용한 연약지반의 침아 특성 (2013)

기존 성토재하 방식의 연약지반 개량공법에서 제기된 가지 문제에 의해 진공압 재하방식의 개량공법이 개발되었으며, 국내 적용사례가 증가하고 있다. 현장에서의 침하관리시 동일한 하중을 재하하였을 경우의 진공압재하공법과 성토재하공법에 calgkfid 비교 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 두 공법의 발생침하량에 관한 이론 및 사례연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과 연약지반 개량을 위해 진공압이 적용되면 내향의 수평변위가 발생하고 동일한 하중재하 대비 침하량이 감소하였다. Hooke의 탄성이론을 바탕으로 한 경우 0.54~0.67, 국내 설계기준에서 0.50~0.75, 과거 국내 시공사례를 바탕으로 한 경우 0.91, 실내시험을 바탕으로 한 경우 0.81, 탄성론과 체적압축계수버을 바탕으로 한 경우 0.75, 최근 국내 대심도 시공 사례의 경우 0.77~0.93의 범위를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.
Near-Optimum Dynamic Regulation of DC-DC Converters Using Feed-Forward of Output Current and Input Voltage with Current-Mode Control (1986)

Near-optimum dynamic regulation of a dc-dc converter is obtained by adding feed-forward of output current and input voltage to a current-mode controller. The results are a) near zero output impedance and audio susceptibility, from dc to nearly the switching frequency, b) much reduced magnitude, duration, and energy content of the output-voltage transient after a transient change of output current or input voltage, and c) smaller size and lower cost for the output filter capacitor. Feed-forward is applicable to both forward and flyback types of converters and to all types of current-mode control. The cost of feed-forward for a forward-type converter is a low-power resistor and a current sensor; a flyback-type converter needs also an analog multiplier-divider integrated circuit (IC). A description is given of the control loop, conditions to achieve extremely good transient response, calculation of the peak deviation of the output voltage for a step load change, practical methods for current feed-forward, and experimental results. The theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. In the experiments, adding output-current feed-forward reduced the transient deviations of output voltage by factors of 6.7 in magnitude, 50 in duration, and 335 in energy content. The added components were a 1/4-W resistor and a 12-mm ferrite toroid with a 10-turn winding.
Ethanol Self‐Administration and Alterations in the Livers of the Cynomolgus Monkey, <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> (2006)

Our studies show that cynomolgus monkeys undergoing voluntary ethanol consumption for 1.5 years exhibit many of the features observed in the early stages of human alcoholic liver disease. Ethanol-elicited fatty liver, inflammation, and elevated serum aspartate amino transferase were evident with a diet that contained modest amounts of polyunsaturated lipids. The dramatic increases in urinary IsoP demonstrated that the animals were being subjected to significant oxidative stress that correlated with their level of ethanol consumption.
A Replication-Competent, Neutralization-Sensitive Variant of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Lacking 100 Amino Acids of Envelope (2002)

Coding sequences for the first two variable loops of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein were removed from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain 239 (SIVmac239). This deletion encompassed 100 amino acids. The resulting virus replicated poorly after transfection into immortalized T-cell lines, with peak replication occurring only after 25 to 30 days. Limited passaging of SIVmac239DeltaV1V2 in cultures gave rise to a variant which had significantly improved replication kinetics but which retained the original 100-amino-acid deletion in gp120. Cloning and sequencing revealed 11 changes in the envelope, including amino acid substitutions in both gp120 (5 substitutions) and gp41(6 substitutions). Four of the five changes in gp120 are predicted to lie within and around the putative coreceptor binding domain, a region which is believed to be covered by the V1 and V2 loops in the native envelope complex. Analysis of recombinant clones surprisingly revealed that the changes in gp41 were sufficient to overcome the replication deficiency created by deletion of the V1 and V2 loops from gp120. The SIVmac239DeltaV1V2 envelope displayed a significant reduction in its ability to mediate cell-cell fusion, and the infectious titer of SIVmac239DeltaV1V2 was approximately four- to eightfold lower than that of parental SIVmac239. Although SIVmac239 is strongly dependent on both CD4 and a coreceptor for entry, envelope protein lacking the V1 and V2 loops was able to mediate fusion with CD4(-) CCR5(+) cells at 60% the level observed with CD4(+) CCR5(+) cells. Plasma from SIVmac239-infected monkeys was at least 100 to 1,000 times more effective at neutralizing SIVmac239DeltaV1V2 than SIVmac239. These results demonstrate the dispensability of the V1-V2 sequences of SIVmac239 for viral replication, a role for V1 and V2 in shielding the coreceptor binding region of the envelope, and the extreme sensitivity of a SIV lacking these sequences to antibody-mediated neutralization.
Etch simulations for lithography engineers (2002)

We introduce the concept of etch simulations for lithography engineers. Traditional lithographic simulations begin with a design layout and model the optical and chemical processes involved in reproducing the design as a 3-dimensional photoresist pattern. What we are really after, however, is information about the pattern, as it would appear in silicon. To achieve this goal, we devise an etch algorithm whose inputs include a full lithography simulation and minimal information about an intended etch process. Namely, we take as inputs the horizontal and vertical etch rates for each material in the film stack, the angular distribution of the incoming ion flux, and possibly a fitting coefficient for physical sputtering processes. We then produce a set of output metrics -- before and after etch -- including the CD, sidewall angle, resist loss, etch depth, etc. This gives us the opportunity to look at after etch metrology as a function of traditional lithographic input variables such as focus, exposure dose, etc., and to understand the impact of lithographic changes on after etch CDs and process windows, but without being bogged down with the physical details of the etch process. This simplified approach to etch simulation yields several useful results. In this paper we present a study of the influence of the resist profile on after etch CDs; we look at process window determinations made before and after etch; and we consider OPC variations and their effects on pattern fidelity in post-etch silicon. In addition, we consider the etch module as an extension of the lithography simulator, allowing for modeling of a bilayer resist.