gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Receptor LRP in Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation (2000)

The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein (LRP) is a multifunctional endocytic receptor that is expressed abundantly in neurons of the CNS. Both LRP and several of its ligands, including tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), apolipoprotein E/lipoproteins, alpha(2)-macroglobulin, and the beta-amyloid precursor protein, have been implicated in various neuronal functions and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. It has been reported that induction of tPA expression may contribute to activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and cerebellum. In addition, long-term potentiation (LTP) is significantly decreased in mice lacking tPA. Here we demonstrate that tPA receptor LRP is abundantly expressed in hippocampal neurons and participates in hippocampal LTP. Perfusion of hippocampal slices with receptor-associated protein (RAP), an antagonist for ligand interactions with LRP, significantly reduced late-phase LTP (L-LTP). In addition, RAP also blocked the enhancing effect of synaptic potentiation by exogenous tPA in hippocampal slices prepared from tPA knock-out mice. Metabolic labeling and ligand binding analyses showed that both tPA and LRP are synthesized by hippocampal neurons and that LRP is the major cell surface receptor that binds tPA. Finally, we found that tPA binding to LRP in hippocampal neurons enhances the activity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, a key molecule that is known to be involved in L-LTP. Taken together, our results demonstrate that interactions between tPA and cell surface LRP are important for hippocampal L-LTP.
주제별 논단 : 한,중 금융협력의 법적 과제와 전망 ; 중국 현행금융법의 문제점과 개선방향 (2012)

금융법은 금융경제의 발전에 따라 발전된 새로운 법률체제이다. 중국의 금융법은 30년 동안의 발전을 거쳐 기본적인 법률체제가 형성되었다. 그의 기본적이 특징은 국가법률을 기본구조로 하고 정부의 “조례” 와 관리감독 규장을 기본내용으로 하며 “분업경영” 분업감독을 실시하고 공상업과 금융업의 업무경영을 엄격하게 분리하여 그 서로간의 투자에 대하여 엄격하게 제한한다. 금융기관 내부의 은행업, 신탁업, 증권업, 보험업의 핵심업무를 분리하여 경영하고, 중국인민은행 은행관리감독위원회, 증권관리감독위원회, 보험관리감독위원회가 분업하여 감독하며 금융지주회사에 대해서는 지배주주의 업무성격에 따라 “주감독제도” 및 “합동회의제도”를 실시한다. 금융업무경영은 수권제(受權制)를 실시하고 모든 금융업무경영은 감독기관의 수권을 얻어야 하며, 그렇지 않으면 비법경영에 속한다. 이러한 체제는 은행법시스템, 지불결제시스템, 신탁법시스템, 증권법 시스템, 보험법시스템 및 관리감독법시스템으로 구성한다. 대체적으로 말하자면 이런 법률체제는 중국 금융업발전의 현실상황과 기본적으로 부합한것이다. 다만 세계 각국 금융업의 계속적인 발전에 따라 각국 금융법률 체제가 계속 발전하고 있어, 중국 현행금융법체제의 많은 내용은 계속 발전된 금융추세와 적응하지 않고 많은 내용은 계속적으로 완화하여야 한다고 인식하여야 한다 본문은 중국 금융법의 기본현황을 객관적으로 총결된 바탕으로 중국 금융업의 발전수요와 결합하여 중국 금융법체제에서 존재하는 문제를 논하고, 중국 금융업 발전의 실제내용에 근거하여 체제적으로 중국 현행 금융법을 개선하는 의견을 제세하며 학계와 실무계에 참고를 제공한다.
Molecular Lithography with DNA Nanostructures (2004)

Unmasking the potential: A DNA-templated nanofabrication approach is reported in which various 1D and 2D DNA nanostructures were assembled, and then these structures transformed into corresponding metal nanostructures through metal deposition (see schematic representation). The ease and flexibility of this technique offers a route to overcome the inabilities faced by traditional lithographic techniques. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z460257_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Logic Optimization, Complex Cell Design, and Retiming of Single Flux Quantum Circuits (2018)

Single flux quantum (SFQ) technology has emerged as a promising beyond-CMOS technology with Josephson junctions (JJs) as active devices in a superconducting circuit. In this paper, we (i) describe the algorithms and the methodology we used to synthesize a synchronous SFQ circuit using a CMOS logic synthesis tool by adding new features to the tool and by modifying the existing features; (ii) introduce the concept of two kinds of complex cells: (a) stand-alone cells and (b) interconnected cells along with the advantage gained by these complex cells through the results of synthesized SFQ netlists. Design of stand-alone complex cells presented here includes and and or gates with more-than-two inputs, high-fanout splitters, and “A+BC” cell. Circuits of decoders, multiplexers, and carrylook-ahead adders are synthesized with complex cells, and the advantage in terms of JJ count and latency is presented. We have also investigated the possibility of SFQ cells supporting multiple fanout drive capability by modifying the input/output interfaces of SFQ standard cells. In this direction, an algorithm to modify the input interface of a cell so that it can be driven along with similar cells by a single splitter output is presented along with the results for a simple clock-distribution line with multiple-fanout capability.
A versatile electrical impedance calibration laboratory based on a digital impedance bridge (2019)

A four-terminal pair fully digital impedance ratio bridge is described. Its principle of operation including balancing procedure and calculation of unknown impedance value is presented. An initial 1:1 ratio check of the bridge has been performed. Systematic errors of the bridge design and actions to deal with these errors are shown.
Presentable Document Format: Improved On-demand PDF to HTML Conversion (2004)

Search engines such as Google and MSN Search crawl and index files in Adobe’s Portable Document Format (PDF) alongside material in HTML. Google furthermore offers a View as HTML option for PDF that includes query term highlighting. The visual appearance of these HTML files converted from PDF is very poor. In this paper we claim that significant improvements to the quality of on-demand PDF to HTML conversion can be achieved at insignificant cost in terms of increased file size and processing time. We can show in particular, that a slightly more sophisticated HTML coding can easily compensate for the increase in file size when including line graphics and images.
Antibody-mediated inhibition of Aedes aegypti midgut trypsins blocks sporogonic development of Plasmodium gallinaceum (1996)

The peritrophic matrix (PM) that forms around a blood meal is a potential barrier of Plasmodium development in mosquitoes. Previously, we have shown that to traverse the PM, Plasmodium ookinetes secrete a prochitinase and that an inhibitor of chitinase blocks further parasite development. Here we report that it is the mosquito trypsin that activates the Plasmodium prochitinase. Trypsin was identified as the chitinase-activating enzyme by two criteria: (i) trypsin activity and activating activity comigrated on one-dimensional gels, and (ii) activating activity and penetration of the PM by Plasmodium parasites were both hindered by trypsin-specific inhibitors. Subsequently, we examined the effect of antitrypsin antibodies on the parasite life cycle. Antibodies prepared against a recombinant blackfly trypsin effectively and specifically inhibited mosquito trypsin activity. Moreover, when incorporated into an infective blood meal, the antitrypsin antibodies blocked infectivity of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes by Plasmodium gallinaceum. This block of infectivity could be reversed by exogenously provided chitinase, strongly suggesting that the antibodies act by inhibiting prochitinase activation and not on the parasite itself. This work led to the identification of a mosquito antigen, i.e., midgut trypsin, as a novel target for blocking malaria transmission.
The Dysphoric Syndrome in Schizophrenia and its Implications for Relapse (1989)

The presence of non-psychotic neurotic and dysphoric symptoms in schizophrenia has been recognised from the days of Bleuler (1908) and Kraepelin (1896) and is inherent in the hierarchical schema explicated by Foulds (1976) and commonly employed by psychiatrists in the diagnosis of psychotic disorder. Of such symptoms, those which may be characterised as depressive in nature have been the focus of much recent interest in view of claims that they may be iatrogenic. That such symptoms occur widely in schizophrenia is beyond dispute, but their relationship to the process of the illness and its treatment remains a subject of contention.
Plasmonic Heterodimers with Binding Site‐Dependent Hot Spot for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (2018)

A novel plasmonic heterodimer nanostructure with a controllable self-assembled hot spot is fabricated by the conjugation of individual Au@Ag core-shell nanocubes (Au@Ag NCs) and varisized gold nanospheres (GNSs) via the biotin-streptavidin interaction from the ensemble to the single-assembly level. Due to their featured configurations, three types of heterogeneous nanostructures referred to as Vertice, Vicinity, and Middle are proposed and a single hot spot forms between the nanocube and nanosphere, which exhibits distinct diversity in surface plasmon resonance effect. Herein, the calculated surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement factors of the three types of heterodimers show a narrow distribution and can be tuned in orders of magnitude by controlling the size of GNSs onto individual Au@Ag NCs. Particularly, the Vertice heterodimer with unique configuration can provide extraordinary enhancement of the electric field for the single hot spot region due to the collaborative interaction of lightning rod effect and interparticle plasmon coupling effect. This established relationship between the architecture and the corresponding optical properties of the heterodimers provides the basis for creating controllable platforms which can be exploited in the applications of plasmonic devices, electronics, and biodetection.
Sulfatase 2 protects hepatocellular carcinoma cells against apoptosis induced by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and ERK and JNK kinase inhibitors (2010)

The prosurvival, anti-apoptotic effect of SULF2 in HCC is mediated through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
New Hexatic Liquid Phase Observed in Lyotropic Thin Films (2004)

An intermediate surface hexatic phase between the liquid and the crystalline phases has been found for the first time in a lyotropic lamellar liquid-crystal system. This phase is highly unusual in that it has long-range sixfold bond-orientational order but liquidlike nearest-neighbor positional correlations, and could represent a significant departure from our current understanding of defect-mediated melting in two dimensions.
Asymmetric hydrolysis of aryloxyacetaldehyde cyanohydrin acetates. (1986)

Cyanohydrins are considered to be versatile synthons in organic synthesis because they can be readily converted to a-hydroxycarboxylic acids,1} oc-hydroxyaldehydes2) and ethanolamine derivatives,3) which include a number of physiologically active compounds. Lactic acid, tartaric acid, ephedrine and /?-adrenergic blocking agents are the representative examples of these classes of compounds. Thus, synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins is considered to be an interesting and useful problem, but only a very few reports have been known so far.4>5) Cyanohydrins are knownto be rather unstable compounds because of rapid equilibrium between aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide,6) and this equilibrium will inevitablly be accompanied by racemization of chiral cyanohydrins. Thus, based on the assumption that it would be desirable to prepare chiral
Cloned suppressor T cells derived from mice tolerized with conjugates of antigen and monomethoxypolyethylene glycol. Relationship between monoclonal T suppressor factor and the T cell receptor. (1990)

Cloned Ts cells specific for the Ag, human monoclonal (myeloma) IgG, were derived from spleen cells of mice that had been immunosuppressed by treatment with a tolerogenic conjugate of HIgG and monomethoxypolyethylene glycol. The cloned Ts cells (clone 23.32) suppressed in vitro antibody responses in an Ag-specific and MHC-restricted manner. By FMF with appropriate antibody reagents, these cells were shown to be Thy-1+, CD4-, CD5-, and CD8+ and to express CD3 and the alpha beta-TCR. These results are consistent with the view that Ts cells use Ag recognition structures similar to those reported for Th cells and CTL. A soluble factor (TsF) extracted from the cloned Ts cells also suppressed in vitro antibody responses in an Ag-specific and H-2Kd-restricted manner, i.e., restricted to MHC class I molecules. The suppressive activity of this TsF could be abrogated by addition of mAb H28-710 that reacts with a determinant on the alpha-chain of TCR. Moreover, the TsF bound to and could be recovered from an immunosorbent consisting of the anti-alpha-TCR mAb H28-710 coupled to Sepharose 4B. In contrast, the TsF was not bound by immunosorbents consisting of mAb to the beta-chain of TCR (H57-597) or to V beta 8 (F23.1). It was, therefore, concluded that the TsF of clone 23.32 is serologically related to the alpha-chain of the TCR; however, it is not identical to TCR, because it lacks the determinants expressed on the TCR beta-chain that are recognized by the two anti-beta mAbs used in this study.
Neural Belief Tracker: Data-Driven Dialogue State Tracking (2017)

One of the core components of modern spoken dialogue systems is the belief tracker, which estimates the user's goal at every step of the dialogue. However, most current approaches have difficulty scaling to larger, more complex dialogue domains. This is due to their dependency on either: a) Spoken Language Understanding models that require large amounts of annotated training data; or b) hand-crafted lexicons for capturing some of the linguistic variation in users' language. We propose a novel Neural Belief Tracking (NBT) framework which overcomes these problems by building on recent advances in representation learning. NBT models reason over pre-trained word vectors, learning to compose them into distributed representations of user utterances and dialogue context. Our evaluation on two datasets shows that this approach surpasses past limitations, matching the performance of state-of-the-art models which rely on hand-crafted semantic lexicons and outperforming them when such lexicons are not provided.
Studies on Tertiary Amine Oxide. I (1960)

Treatment of aromatic N-oxides with acetic anhydride, benzoyl chloride, or tosyl chloride results in formation of an acyl adduct in which, differing from that of the parent compound, the N-O linkage has become weakened and the compound is easily reduced to the tertiary amines with sulfur dioxide or sulfite solution. Even in such a simple reaction, however, the nature of the acyl group has a great effect. For example, the benzoyl adduct is easily reduced by sulfite solution but not by sulfur dioxide gas. The tosyl adduct of pyridine 1-oxide undergoes reduction but that of quinoline 1-oxide is not reduced and undergoes rearrangement to carbostyril.
RESTORATION OF SANRIKU RAILWAY BY UTILIZING REINFORCED SOIL STRUCTURES TO ENHANCE EARTHQUAKE-AND-TSUNAMI-RESISTANCE (2017)

A number of infrastructures for Sanriku Railway were seriously damaged by the 2011 East Japan Earthquake. In this paper, the damage by seismic loads and tsunamis are analyzed. In addition to serious damage by seismic loading, embankments, RC viaducts and bridges were washed away by the great tsunami in many places. A number of bridges and embankments could be effectively made highly earthquake- and tsunami-resistant by taking advantage of soil-reinforcing technologies. The design and construction in this restoration work took advantage of technologies that had been developed based on state-of-the-art geotechnical engineering, concrete engineering, and bridge engineering while aiming at cost-effective and fast restoration. At Arakawa Bridge, the PCI girder was washed away and a new PC hollow girder with a small height, pier and geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) embankment was installed. In the Shimanokoshi area, as requested by local people, a collapsed RC viaduct was replaced to a seismic- and tsunami-resistant geosynthetic-reinforced embankment covering slopes with concrete facing connected to geogrid layers reinforcing the embankment to prevent erosion of the backfill and scouring at the slope toes. At three places, in place of the collapsed three simple girder bridges, three GRS integral bridges, which are highly earthquake- and tsunami-resistant due to structural integration of reinforced backfill, full high rigid (FHR) facings and a continuous girder, were constructed and opened to service for the first time. In the existing embankments eroded by tsunami, the roadbed was restored by “reinforced roadbed” and embankment slope was covered with cast-in-place concrete facing or RRS (Reinforced Railroad/Road sloped structures with geocells and reinforcing steel bars) method.
Establishment of two chick embryo fibroblastic cell lines. (1984)

Chicken helper factor (chf)-negative chick embryo cells (CEC) were treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), cultured at 41 degrees in a CO2-incubator and are currently in the 400th passage (over 4 years). They were designated as CHCC-OU1. They pile up, and form colonies in soft agar, but do not produce tumors either in the syngeneic chicken or in nude mice. Chf-negative CEC without MNNG treatment were maintained in the same way and are currently in the 350th passage (over 3.5 years). They were designated as SPCC-OU1. They appear normal and form no colony in soft agar. Both cell lines produce avian endogenous leukosis virus of subgroup E.
Relationships between inhibition constants, inhibitor concentrations for 50% inhibition and types of inhibition: new ways of analysing data (2001)

The concentration of an inhibitor that decreases the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction by 50%, symbolized i(0.5), is often used in pharmacological studies to characterize inhibitors. It can be estimated from the common inhibition plots used in biochemistry by means of the fact that the extrapolated inhibitor concentration at which the rate becomes infinite is equal to -i(0.5). This method is, in principle, more accurate than comparing the rates at various different inhibitor concentrations, and inferring the value of i(0.5) by interpolation. Its reciprocal, 1/i(0.5), is linearly dependent on v(0)/V, the uninhibited rate divided by the limiting rate, and the extrapolated value of v(0)/V at which 1/i(0.5) is zero allows the type of inhibition to be characterized: this value is 1 if the inhibition is strictly competitive; greater than 1 if the inhibition is mixed with a predominantly competitive component; infinite (i.e. 1/i(0.5) does not vary with v(0)/V) if the inhibition is pure non-competitive (i.e. mixed with competitive and uncompetitive components equal); negative if the inhibition is mixed with a predominantly uncompetitive component; and zero if it is strictly uncompetitive. The type of analysis proposed has been tested experimentally by examining inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase by oxalate (an uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to pyruvate) and oxamate (a competitive inhibitor with respect to pyruvate), and of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase by hydroxymalonate (a mixed inhibitor with respect to oxaloacetate). In all cases there is excellent agreement between theory and experiment.
Nanoscale Aggregate Structures of Trisiloxane Surfactants at the Solid−Liquid Interface (2004)

The self-associating structures at the solid-liquid interface of three nonionic trisiloxane surfactants ((CH3)3SiO)2Si(CH3)(CH2)3(OCH2CH2)n OH (n = 6, 8, and 12), or BEn, are studied as a function of substrate properties by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and force measurement. These trisiloxane surfactants are known as superwetters, which promote rapid spreading of dilute aqueous solutions on low-energy surfaces. This study also attempts to relate the BEn surface aggregate structures at the solid-liquid interface to their superwetting behavior. Four substrates are used in the study: muscovite mica, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, and oxidized silicon wafer with and without a full monolayer of self-assembled n-octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). The concentration of BEn is fixed at 2 times the critical aggregation concentration (CAC). The BEn surfactants are only weakly attracted to hydrophilic surfaces, more on oxidized silicon than on mica. All three form ordinary planar monolayers on HOPG and OTS-covered oxidized silicon. The significance of surfactant adsorption on the AFM tip is investigated by comparing the force curves obtained by tips with and without thiol modification. The surface aggregate structures of the BEn surfactants correlate with their bulk structures and do not exhibit anomalous adsorption behavior. The adsorption behavior of the BEn superwetters is similar to that of the CmEn surfactants. Thus, our results confirm previous work showing that superwetting shares its main features with other classes of surfactants.
Evaluating Proximity Relations Under Uncertainty (2007)

For location-based services it is often essential to efficiently process proximity relations among mobile objects, such as to establish whether a group of friends or family members are within a given distance of each other A severe limitation in accurately establishing such relations is the inaccuracy of dynamically obtained position data, the point in time, and the frequency with which the position data is collected. In this paper, we use the common model of interpreting the unknown position of an object by a probability distribution centered around the last know position of the object. While this approach is straight forward, it poses severe difficulties for establishing the truth or falsehood of the proximity relation. To address this problem, we analytically quantify the lower and upper bounds of the size of the smallest circle that covers the mobile objects involved in the proximity relation. Based on this result we propose two novel algorithms that closely monitor the relation at low location update cost. Furthermore, we develop a cost-effective estimation technique to determine the probability of match for a given proximity relation.
Effect of cis-trans Isomerism on the Urea Inclusion Compound Forming Ability of a Molecule; Study of the Maleate-Fumarate System (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of cis-trans Isomerism on the Urea Inclusion Compound Forming Ability of a Molecule; Study of the Maleate-Fumarate SystemJACK RADELL, JOSEPH W. CONNOLLY, and WILLIAM R. COSGROVE Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 8, 2960–2963Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01066a080RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (473 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Alteration of Membrane Permeability of Bacteria and Yeast by High Frequency Alternating Current (HFAC) (2008)

Endox exhibited an effect on microrganisms which is reminiscent with that occuring in electroporation, but with a mode of action that saved materials and time.