gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Situ Synthesis and Microstructure of Porous CaAl4O7 Monolith and CaAl4O7/CaZrO3 Composite. (2001)

In Situ processing and microstructure of calcium dialuminate (CaAl4O7)-based porous materials have been investigated. Powder mixtures of CaCO3 and α-Al2O3 (1:2 in molar ratio, doped with 0.5mass% LiF), and CaCO3, α-Al2O3, and ZrO2 (2:2:1 with 0.5mass% LiF) were prepared by a high-energy ball-mill process. Reactions of the powder mixtures during heating processes were revealed by high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD), and by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). Porous CaAl4O7 monolith and its CaAl4O7/50mol% CaZrO3 composite have been successfully synthesized using reactive pressureless sintering (at 1100-1200°C, for 2h in air) of powder mixtures. Both porous monolith and composite had homogeneous microstructure and very narrow pore-size distribution with mean pore size of -1μm. These porous materials, which are expected to have good thermal shock resistance, can be applied to high-temperature gas filters and lightweight structural components.
H.264 ROI coding based on visual perception (2008)

An effective H.264 Region-of-Interest (ROI) coding method based on the visual perceptual mechanism of human visual system (HVS) is proposed in this paper. The proposed method consists of two stages. First, by integrating the texture perceptual map and the motion perceptual map, the visual perceptual map is computed, which denotes the visual importance of various regions in the image. Then, a frequency coefficient suppression method is used to achieve the goal of H.264 ROI coding jointly with the visual perceptual map. Experimental results show, compared with the conventional H.264 coding method, the proposed method can improve the visual quality of images and obtain a high PSNR gain up to about 1.2 dB for visual important regions.
An MPTCP-Compatible Load Balancing Solution for Pools of Servers in OpenFlow SDN Networks (2019)

MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) protocol splits one transport connection into multiple subflows that are treated as normal TCP flows by the network layer. Therefore, the MPTCP subflows are able to use different physical paths between the origin and the destination points. This TCP extension can be used in datacenters to improve communication performance. On the other hand, load balancing techniques are employed in these scenarios to avoid the overload of the systems. When load balancing is combined with MPTCP it is necessary that the subflows belonging to the same MPTCP session are established with the same server in the datacenter. In this work we describe and prove two MPTCP-compatible solutions based on OpenFlow SDN technology that allow the implementation of load balancing services in the presence of MPTCP traffic.
Homonucleotide expansion and contraction mutations ofPAX2 and inclusion of Chiari 1 malformation as part of Renal-Coloboma syndrome (1999)

Renal-Coloboma syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by colobomatous eye defects, vesicoureteral reflux, and abnormal kidneys, results from mutations in PAX2. The purpose of this study was to identify mutations in PAX2 and understand the associated patient phenotypes. We report a severely affected girl and a mildly affected mother and daughter, all of whom have PAX2 homoguanine tract (7 G) missense mutations. The mother and daughter have optic nerve colobomas and the daughter has vesicoureteral reflux. The severely affected girl developed renal failure and has bilateral colobomatous eye defects. Additionally, this girl developed hydrocephalus associated with platybasia and a Chiari 1 malformation. We examined genomic DNA from these individuals by SSCP and sequencing. The mother and daughter had a novel mutation: a contraction in a string of 7 G's to 6 G's in one allele of PAX2, leading to a premature stop codon two amino acids downstream. The severely affected girl had an expansion to 8 G's, leading to a premature stop codon 27 amino acids downstream. The 8 G expansion has been found in other patients without brain anomalies and has occurred spontaneously in a mouse model, PAX2(1Neu). We expand the known phenotype associated with mutations in PAX2 to include brain malformations. The homoguanine tract in PAX2 is a hot spot for spontaneous expansion or contraction mutations and demonstrates the importance of homonucleotide tract mutations in human malformation syndromes.
A communication scheme for analog VLSI perceptive systems (1995)

A communication architecture tailored for analog VLSI perceptive systems is proposed. Information is generated on a transmitter array of cells each driving a pulse generator. The resulting pulse-frequency modulated signals are transmitted through the nonarbitered, asynchronous access of pulses to a common bus. Pulses are decoded and accumulated in a receiver chip and the mapping of the activity distribution of the transmitter onto the receiver is achieved. One possible implementation of these principles is presented. The circuit description of all blocks is given and experimental results are shown: they satisfactorily support the theoretical basis upon which the system was constructed. Extensions to the communication architecture are finally presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
“Clickable” elastins: elastin-like polypeptides functionalized with azide or alkyne groups (2009)

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) functionalized with azide or alkyne groups were produced biosynthetically and coupled via the Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition to a variety of (bio)molecules.
High Defect Tolerance in Lead Halide Perovskite CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> (2017)

The formation energies and charge-transition levels of intrinsic point defects in lead halide perovskite CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> are studied from first-principles calculations. It is shown that the formation energy of dominant defect under Br-rich growth condition is much lower than that under moderate or Br-poor conditions. Thus avoiding the Br-rich condition can help to reduce the defect concentration. Interestingly, CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> is found to be highly defect-tolerant in terms of its electronic structure. Most of the intrinsic defects induce shallow transition levels. Only a few defects with high formation energies can create deep transition levels. Therefore, CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> can maintain its good electronic quality despite the presence of defects. Such defect tolerance feature can be attributed to the lacking of bonding-antibonding interaction between the conduction bands and valence bands.
Origami interleaved tube cellular materials (2014)

A novel origami cellular material based on a deployable cellular origami structure is described. The structure is bi-directionally flat-foldable in two orthogonal (x and y) directions and is relatively stiff in the third orthogonal (z) direction. While such mechanical orthotropicity is well known in cellular materials with extruded two dimensional geometry, the interleaved tube geometry presented here consists of two orthogonal axes of interleaved tubes with high interfacial surface area and relative volume that changes with fold-state. In addition, the foldability still allows for fabrication by a flat lamination process, similar to methods used for conventional expanded two dimensional cellular materials. This article presents the geometric characteristics of the structure together with corresponding kinematic and mechanical modeling, explaining the orthotropic elastic behavior of the structure with classical dimensional scaling analysis.
InGaN staircase electron injector for reduction of electron overflow in InGaN light emitting diodes (2010)

Ballistic and quasiballistic electron transport across the active InGaN layer are shown to be responsible for electron overflow and electroluminescence efficiency droop at high current levels in InGaN light emitting diodes both experimentally and by first-order calculations. An InGaN staircase electron injector with step-like increased In composition, an “electron cooler,” is proposed for an enhanced thermalization of the injected hot electrons to reduce the overflow and mitigate the efficiency droop. The experimental data show that the staircase electron injector results in essentially the same electroluminescence performance for the diodes with and without an electron blocking layer, confirming substantial electron thermalization. On the other hand, if no InGaN staircase electron injector is employed, the diodes without the electron blocking layer have shown significantly lower (three to five times) electroluminescence intensity than the diodes with the blocking layer. These results demonstrate a feasible method for the elimination of electron overflow across the active region, and therefore, the efficiency droop in InGaN light emitting diodes.
Binding of Long-Term Glycated Low Density Lipoprotein and Age- Albumin by Peripheral Monocytes and Endothelial Cells (1999)

Modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and plasma or tissue proteins by non-enzymatic glycation culminating in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) is one of the essential pathomechanisms leading to diabetes-associated long-term complications. We compared binding of glycated, glycoxidated and oxidated LDL by peripheral monocytes in activated and quiescent form. Interaction via specific receptors was different for glycated as compared to (glyc)oxidated LDL-modifications. In addition, binding of glycated LDL to quiescent and activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells was studied. In patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), AGE-binding was significantly increased as compared to healthy individuals. Specific and non-specific monocyte binding mechanisms were detected, and both were significantly increased in IDDM patients. Specific and non-specific binding strategies possibly act in concert to eliminate circulating AGEs, which are instrumental in the development and progress of microangiopathic and macroangiopathic complications of diabetes mellitus.
Effects of a Six-Day Carbohyydrate/Protein Intervention on Muscle Damage, Soreness, and Performance In Runners (2006)

Carbohydrate/protein (CHO+P) beverages have been reported to improve endurance performance and attenuate muscle damage and soreness compared to carbohydrate-only (CHO) beverages. However, these measures have not been examined in runners, or during nutritional interventions that lasted more than two days. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a six-day regimen of CHO+P post-exercise beverage consumption on muscle damage, muscle soreness, and race performance versus a CHO beverage. METHODS: Twenty-three NCAA Division I cross-country runners (11 males/12 females; VO2max= 60.9±8.5 mL-kg−1min1) completed traditional in-season training for six days prior to a cross-country race. Immediately following each training session, subjects ingested 10 ml.kg−1.BW-1 of a 14.6% CHO beverage or a 14.6+3.65% CHO+P beverage (which were administered in a randomly counter-balanced, double-blind design). Following a 21 -day washout period, subjects repeated the same protocol as above, receiving the alternate beverage. Plasma CPK and muscle soreness were obtained the morning prior to intervention onset and were compared to samples obtained on the sixth day. Race performance was assessed using the athlete's finishing position (rank) among the male (8km) and female (5km) groups. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze differences in CPK between treatments, while muscle soreness and running performance were analyzed using a Wilcoxan Signed Rank Test between beverage treatments. RESULTS: After five days of beverage administration, plasma CPK was significantly lower (p<.05) in the CHO+P trial (223.21±160.71 U/L) versus CHO (307.3± 312.9 U/ L) despite no differences in baseline CPK (225 ± 108 U/L vs. 229±100 U/L). Similarly, post-intervention muscle soreness was significantly lower in the CHO+P trial (1.15 ± 1.14) versus the CHO trial (1.65 ±1.09), despite no differences in pre-intervention levels soreness. However, there was no significant difference in performance rank between CHO (6.30±3.3) and CHO+P (6.26±3.4) treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle recovery (plasma CPK and muscle soreness) was enhanced with the ingestion of a CHO+P recovery beverage compared to a CHO recovery beverage. The present data did not demonstrate enhanced cross-country race performance. However, levels of muscle damage and soreness were relatively low during both treatments in this study. Because neither group demonstrated high levels of muscle damage, the recovery benefits of the CHO+P intervention may not have been large enough to cause observable improvements in running performance. Supported by Pacific Health Labs, Inc.
Milled Wood Lignin: A Linear Oligomer (2011)

The degree of polymerization (DP) of softwood and hardwood milled wood lignin samples and their branching degrees were quantitatively evaluated by a novel end-group titration approach composed of QQ-HSQC, (31)P NMR, and DFRC coupled with (31)P NMR analysis techniques. The DP of lignin can be calculated when the C9 formula, the amounts of phenolic groups, pinoresinol (β-β), diphenylethane (β-1), and phenolic diphenyl (5-5') lignin subunits have been determined. Data on the degree of polymerization of lignin obtained by NMR techniques were not affected by supramolecular aggregation processes. (31)P NMR analysis coupled with DFRC and QQ-HSQC allowed a detailed evaluation of the occurrence of condensed units in lignin and showed the terminal nature of diphenyl ether and diphenyl subunits. The resulting data unequivocally show that milled wood lignin is a linear oligomer.
Charge Transport in Oxidation Product of Lutetium Diphthalocyanine (1979)

A red/green anodic‐reaction boundary was propagated in a lutetium diphthalocyanine film by application of a constant current through a metallic and an electrolytic contact. From the boundary velocity and the electric field in the red phase, the oxidation product was found to contain a charge carrier with a concentration approximately twice that of the dye molecules and a mobility of . These results and the charge compensation requirement of the boundary process suggested that the red oxidation product was a solid anion conductor. The estimated bulk resistivity of the red material at room temperature was 1600 Ω‐cm.
Amphiphilic graft copolymer based on poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) with low molecular weight polyethylenimine for efficient gene delivery (2012)

This work highlights the promise of SP as a safe and efficient synthetic vector for DNA delivery.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF CHOLESTEROL (1958)

Journal Article BIOSYNTHESIS OF CHOLESTEROL Get access J. W. CORNFORTH, M.Sc. D.Phil, F.R.S., J. W. CORNFORTH, M.Sc. D.Phil, F.R.S. National Institute for medical Research Mill hillLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. POPJAÁK, M.D. F.R.I.C. G. POPJAÁK, M.D. F.R.I.C. Medical Research Council Experimental Radiopathology Research unit Hammersmith HospitalLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 14, Issue 3, September 1958, Pages 221–225, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a069687 Published: 01 September 1958
Immune activation caused by vascular oxidation promotes fibrosis and hypertension (2015)

Vascular oxidative injury accompanies many common conditions associated with hypertension. In the present study, we employed mouse models with excessive vascular production of ROS (tg(sm/p22phox) mice, which overexpress the NADPH oxidase subunit p22(phox) in smooth muscle, and mice with vascular-specific deletion of extracellular SOD) and have shown that these animals develop vascular collagen deposition, aortic stiffening, renal dysfunction, and hypertension with age. T cells from tg(sm/p22phox) mice produced high levels of IL-17A and IFN-γ. Crossing tg(sm/p22phox) mice with lymphocyte-deficient Rag1(-/-) mice eliminated vascular inflammation, aortic stiffening, renal dysfunction, and hypertension; however, adoptive transfer of T cells restored these processes. Isoketal-protein adducts, which are immunogenic, were increased in aortas, DCs, and macrophages of tg(sm/p22phox) mice. Autologous pulsing with tg(sm/p22phox) aortic homogenates promoted DCs of tg(sm/p22phox) mice to stimulate T cell proliferation and production of IFN-γ, IL-17A, and TNF-α. Treatment with the superoxide scavenger tempol or the isoketal scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) normalized blood pressure; prevented vascular inflammation, aortic stiffening, and hypertension; and prevented DC and T cell activation. Moreover, in human aortas, the aortic content of isoketal adducts correlated with fibrosis and inflammation severity. Together, these results define a pathway linking vascular oxidant stress to immune activation and aortic stiffening and provide insight into the systemic inflammation encountered in common vascular diseases.
Near-Unitary Spin Squeezing in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Yb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>171</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2019)

Spin squeezing can improve atomic precision measurements beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL), and unitary spin squeezing is essential for improving atomic clocks. We report substantial and nearly unitary spin squeezing in ^{171}Yb, an optical lattice clock atom. The collective nuclear spin of ∼10^{3} atoms is squeezed by cavity feedback, using light detuned from the system's resonances to attain unitarity. The observed precision gain over the SQL is limited by state readout to 6.5(4) dB, while the generated states offer a gain of 12.9(6) dB, limited by the curvature of the Bloch sphere. Using a squeezed state within 30% of unitarity, we demonstrate an interferometer that improves the averaging time over the SQL by a factor of 3.7(2). In the future, the squeezing can be simply transferred onto the optical-clock transition of ^{171}Yb.
One-Pot, High-Yield Synthesis of 5-Fold Twinned Pd Nanowires and Nanorods (2009)

In the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and I(-), uniform Pd nanowires and nanorods have been successfully prepared. As-prepared one-dimensional Pd nanostructures have a 5-fold twinned structure. The twinned Pd nanowires can be further transformed into nanowires/nanorods with a smaller aspect ratio and finally to multiply twinned particles upon increasing the reaction time. With structural anisotropy, the one-dimensional Pd nanostructures exhibit different chemical reactivities on their tips and sides.
In planta production of two peptides of the Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) E2 glycoprotein fused to the coat protein of potato virus X (2006)

Previous reports have demonstrated that E2 synthetic peptides can efficiently induce an immunoprotective response in immunogenized animals. In this work we have showed that E2 peptides can be expressed in planta by using a modified PVX vector. These results are particularly promising for designing strategies for disease containment in areas inhabited by wild boars.
New keratin isolates: actives for natural hair protection. (2007)

Hair is primarily composed of keratin proteins and it is well established that peptides and proteins bestow desirable effects on the hair, for example improving moisturization and softness. In the present work we describe how keratin actives with unique properties convey a range of beneficial properties to a variety of hair types. It has been observed that these functional keratins protect hair from damage associated with chemical treatments such as perming and relaxation, help to restore the mechanical strength of damaged fibers and decrease fading of colored hair.
3D integral imaging using diffractive Fresnel lens arrays (2005)

We present experimental results with binary amplitude Fresnel lens arrays and binary phase Fresnel lens arrays used to implement integral imaging systems. Their optical performance is compared with high quality refractive microlens arrays and pinhole arrays in terms of image quality, color distortion and contrast. Additionally, we show the first experimental results of lens arrays with different focal lengths in integral imaging, and discuss their ability to simultaneously increase both the depth of focus and the field of view.
Evaluation of the In Vitro Activity of Tobramycin as Compared with That of Gentamicin Sulfate (1972)

The in vitro activity of tobramycin was quantitatively compared with that of gentamicin sulfate against 195 bacterial isolates from clinical material. Tobramycin was found to be twice as active as gentamicin against isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conversely, gentamicin proved fourfold more active than tobramycin against isolates of Serratia marcescens. Both drugs were of comparable activity against isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and the majority of the enterobacterial isolates other than S. marcescens. On the basis of the obtained data, the following criteria are proposed for the interpretation of diffusion susceptibility tests with 10-mug discs of gentamicin and tobramycin. Enterobacteriaceae and isolates of S. aureus are designated as susceptible to gentamicin and tobramycin if the zones of inhibition measure 15 mm or more in diameter; zones of 14 mm or less are indicative of resistance. Pseudomonadaceae are interpreted as sensitive to tobramycin and gentamicin if the inhibition zones measure at least 15 and 12 mm in diameter, respectively.
Suppression of experimental uveitis by a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector encoding interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. (2009)

Intravitreal administration of rAAV-IL-1Ra led to sustained human IL-1Ra transgene expression in rabbit eyes for 100 days. The transgene expression suppressed uveitis episodes at 10 and 100 days after rAAV-IL-1Ra injection. Long-term suppression of experimental uveitis could be achieved by gene therapy with rAAV-IL-1Ra.
Unveiling the ISCAS-85 benchmarks: a case study in reverse engineering (1999)

Designing at higher levels of abstraction is key to managing the complexity of today's VLSI chips. The authors show how they reverse-engineered the ISCAS-85 benchmarks to add a useful, new high-level tool to the designer's arsenal.
Experimental and Field Investigations for the Accuracy of the Frost Depth Indicator with Methylene Blue Solution (2013)

동결깊이는 영구 동토지역 및 계절성 동토지역에서 도로의 동상방지층, 매설관의 깊이 및 건물의 기초를 설계하는데 중요한 고려사항이다. methylene blue 동결깊이 측정장치는 지중 온도센서를 이용한 계측시스템과 비교하여 저렴하고 유지관리와 측정이 용이한 장점을 지니고 있다. 그러나 지반공학적 관점에서 지중에 매설된 methylene blue 동결깊이 측정장치의 신뢰성을 검토한 연구는 미미하다. 본 논문에서는 실내실험과 현장실험을 통해 methylene blue 동결깊이 측정장치의 신뢰성을 검토하고, 나아가 국내 현장에서 검증된 측정장치로 장기간 측정된 동결깊이 실측 데이터를 이용하여 최대 동결깊이 분포도를 작성하였다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 실측된 동결깊이는 향후 국내 지반구조물 설계에 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. The frost depth is one of important factors in the design of structures such as roadways, buried pipeline, and foundations. A frost indicator with methylene blue solution has several advantages with respect to installation cost, maintenance, and simple measurement. However, as a geotechnical engineering aspect, the accuracy of the frost indicator has not been proved yet. This paper presents experimental and field investigations of the accuracy of the frost indicator and contour maps of maximum frost depth. The contour maps of maximum frost depth can be applied to design geo-infrastructure in South Korea.
Thermal Rearrangements (1963)

Abstract The effect of conjugation with double bonds and (in cyclopropane) the effect of ring strain on the cleavage of carbon‐carbon bonds during thermal rearrangements is discussed. In particular, the Cope rearrangement and the geometry of its transition state are described. The structurally degenerate Cope rearrangement of bicyclo[5. 1. 0]octa‐2,5‐diene is discussed, and this compound is used to illustrate the concept of “fluctional structure”, which finds its extreme expression in the hypothetical compound, tricyclo[3. 3. 2. 0 4,6 ]‐deca‐2,7,9‐triene.