gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organic light emitting complementary inverters (2010)

We show that p- and n-type light emitting field-effect transistors (LEFETs) can be made using “superyellow” as a light-emitting polymer, poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) as a p-type material and a naphthalene di-imide as an n-type material. By connecting two of these LEFETs, we have demonstrated a light emitting complementary inverter (LECI). The LECI exhibited electrical and optical characteristics in the first and third quadrant of the transfer characteristics with voltage gain of 6 and 8, respectively.
Laser Spectroscopy and Its Applications (2017)

Laser spectroscopy has applications in diverse fields ranging from combustion studies and trace-sample detection to biological research. At the same time, it has also contributed greatly to the discovery of hundreds of new lasers. This symbiotic relationship has promoted an especially rapid expansion of the field. This book provides a review of the subject. It includes, for example, chapters on laser isotope separation techniques, enabling scientists to compare their relative advantages and drawbacks. This volume also gives numerous tables that summarize important features of lasers, experiments, and parameters for quick reference. In addition, it presents diagrams for visualizing rotational molecular energy levels of high J in order to enhance our understanding of molecular motions and their relationship to molecular energy levels. Offering insights into how experts think this technology will improve, it considers research and development in each topic discussed.
<i>In Vivo</i> Fungicidal Effect of KP‐103 in a Guinea Pig Model of Interdigital Tinea Pedis Determined by Using a New Method for Removing the Antimycotic Carryover Effect (2002)

We developed a new technique for culture study that successfully recovers fungi from drug-treated skin tissues, in which tissue specimens were homogenized, dialyzed against water, digested with trypsin, and then washed with PBS, to eliminate the drug that remaining in the skin tissue specimens. With this modified culture method, we reevaluated the efficacy of KP-103, neticonazole, and lanoconazole in a guinea pig interdigital tinea pedis model. Guinea pigs with tinea pedis were topically treated with a 1% solution of KP-103 or a reference drug once a day for 10 consecutive days. Five days after the last treatment, left and right feet were subjected to culture study by the conventional and modified recovery culture methods, respectively. One hundred percent (20/20) of lanoconazole-treated feet were judged as culture-negative by the conventional culture method, but 85% (17/20) of the feet were shown to be culture-positive when the modified recovery culture method was used. On the other hand, KP-103 achieved high rates of culture-negative rates, 95% (19/20) and 85% (17/20), in both conventional and modified culture methods, respectively. Furthermore, on day-30 posttreatment, KP-103 sterilized 14 of the 20 infected feet, whereas neticonazole and lanoconazole were not effective even in reducing fungal burden. KP-103 proved to be highly effective in achieving mycological cure and preventing relapse against tinea pedis presumably because of its good bioavailability in the skin based on its low keratin-affinity, along with its potent antifungal activity.
Identification and expression of genes narL and narX of the nar (nitrate reductase) locus in Escherichia coli K-12 (1988)

Previous studies have shown that narL+ is required for nitrate induction of nitrate reductase synthesis and for nitrate inhibition of fumarate reductase synthesis in Escherichia coli. We cloned narL on a 5.1-kilobase HindIII fragment. Our clone also contained a previously unidentified gene, which we propose to designate as narX, as well as a portion of narK. Maxicell experiments indicated that narL and narX encode proteins with approximate MrS of 28,000 and 66,000, respectively. narX insertion mutations reduced nitrate reductase structural gene expression by less than twofold. Expression of phi (narL-lacZ) operon fusions was weakly induced by nitrate but was indifferent to aerobiosis and independent of fnr. Expression of phi (narX-lacZ) operon fusions was induced by nitrate and was decreased by narL and fnr mutations. A phi (narK-lacZ) operon fusion was induced by nitrate, and its expression was fully dependent on narL+ and fnr+. Analysis of these operon fusions indicated that narL and narX are transcribed counterclockwise with respect to the E. coli genetic map and that narK is transcribed clockwise.
Evaluations of Guardrail Breakaway Cable Terminals (1982)

Currently recommended guardrail and median barrier breakaway cable terminals (BCT) were to be evaluated for performance with 1800-lb (800-kg) class minicars. Early findings indicated unsatisfactory performance of the guardrail BCT for end-on impacts at 60 mph (97 km/h). The study was redirected to develop and evaluate a retrofit design for achieving satisfactory performance with the minicar. Subsequent to the baseline crash tests, a series of analytical studies, laboratory tests, bogie tests, and full-scale crash tests were conducted to upgrade the recommended BCT. Findings include a satisfactory end-on test, but subsequent strength test produced a vehicle penetration. Thus, a recommended upgrade design is given except that further strengthening of the beam is necessary for angular impacts downstream of the end. (FHWA)
Trainable table location in document images (2003)

We describe an approach for table location in document images. The documents are described by means of a hierarchical representation that is based on the MXY tree. The presence of a table is hypothesized by searching parallel lines in the MXY tree of the page. This hypothesis is afterwards verified by locating perpendicular lines or white spaces in the region included between the parallel lines. Lastly, located tables can be merged on the basis of proximity and similarity criteria. The use of an optimization method, that relies on the definition of an appropriate table location index, allows us to identify, the optimal values of thresholds involved in the algorithm. In this way the algorithm can be adapted to recognize tables with different features by maximizing the performance on an appropriate training set. The algorithm has been evaluated on two data-sets containing more than 1500 pages, and comparing its results with the tables identified by two commercial OCRs.
Complete Genome Sequence and Methylome of Staphylococcus schleiferi, an Important Cause of Skin and Ear Infections in Veterinary Medicine (2015)

Staphylococcus schleiferi, a Gram-positive and coagulase-variable organism, is an opportunistic human pathogen and a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections in dogs. Here, we report the first S. schleiferi genome sequence and methylome from four canine clinical isolates.
Bonded Gold Fingers as a Low-Cost Alternative to Patterned Edgeboard Fingers for General PWB use (1978)

The conventional means by which a plug-in printed wiring board is electrically connected to its mating backplane connector is by means of patterned and plated fingers at the edge of the printed wiring board (PWB). These fingers are usually an extension of the patterning of the board itself and are plated with a sequence of metallization layers to provide low-contact resistance between the mating parts of the connector over the life of the circuit pack. A conceptually new adhesively bonded finger connector that offers certain technical and economic advantages over the patterned finger connector for all conventional bonded and single sided PWBs is introduced. Two alternative methods are proposed for making connection between the fingers and the circuit pattern. The first, which provides for wave-soldered connection between the fingers and the PWB, handles that class of PWB that has output connections appearing on only one side of the PWB but requires gold edge fingers on both sides of the board. At least two types of PWB have this need. First, there is the bonded composite PWB, our first application. It uses a flexible circuit bonded to one side of a support member. Conventionally, the support member would be patterned only to provide gold fingers, and in addition, a connection means would be required between the support member and the flexible circuit. A second application is the single-sided PWB without plated-through holes that must be patterned on two sides merely to provide fingers on both sides of the PWB. Through-board connection would also be useful on those PWBs designed for a separable connector. While the through-board attachment method required for the above types of PWBs is useful for any PWB, it is probably not the best alternative for that large class of PWB that has been designed for two-sided patterning. For the conventional PWB, refiow soldering is probably the best electrical attachment method, because no PWB design changes are required to implement the proposal. Since the authors had need for gold fingers on both bonded and conventional PWBs, the authors cover both wave and reflow attachments.
The Reaction of the Chloromagnesium Derivative of Chloromagnesium Phenylacetate with Isocyanates, Carbamyl Chlorides and Isothiocyanates (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of the Chloromagnesium Derivative of Chloromagnesium Phenylacetate with Isocyanates, Carbamyl Chlorides and IsothiocyanatesF. F. Blicke and Harold ZinnesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 18, 4849–4851Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01623a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01623a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using Machine Learning to Enable Probabilistic Reliability Assessment in Operation Planning (2018)

In the context of operation planning, probabilistic reliability assessment essentially boils down to predicting, efficiently and with sufficient accuracy, various economic and reliability indicators reflecting the expected performance of the system over a certain look-ahead horizon, so as to guide the operation planner in his decision-making. In order to speedup the crude Monte Carlo approach, which would entail a very large number of heavy computations, we propose in this paper an approach combining Monte Carlo simulation, machine learning and variance reduction techniques such as control variates. We provide an extensive case study testing this approach on the three-area IEEE-RTS96 benchmark, in the context of day-ahead operation planning while using a security constrained optimal power flow model to simulate real-time operation according to the N-1 criterion. From this case study, we can conclude that the proposed approach allows to reduce the number of heavy computations by about an order of magnitude, without sacrificing accuracy.
A hybrid approach to align sentences and words in English-Hindi parallel corpora (2005)

In this paper we describe an alignment system that aligns English-Hindi texts at the sentence and word level in parallel corpora. We describe a simple sentence length approach to sentence alignment and a hybrid, multi-feature approach to perform word alignment. We use regression techniques in order to learn parameters which characterise the relationship between the lengths of two sentences in parallel text. We use a multi-feature approach with dictionary lookup as a primary technique and other methods such as local word grouping, transliteration similarity (edit-distance) and a nearest aligned neighbours approach to deal with many-to-many word alignment. Our experiments are based on the EMILLE (Enabling Minority Language Engineering) corpus. We obtained 99.09% accuracy for many-to-many sentence alignment and 77% precision and 67.79% recall for many-to-many word alignment.
Article Commentary: Transplants of Neuronal Cells Bioengineered to Synthesize GABA Alleviate Chronic Neuropathic Pain (1999)

The use of cell lines utilized as biologic “minipumps” to provide antinociceptive molecules, such as GABA, in animal models of pain is a newly developing area in transplantation biology. The neuronal cell line, RN33B, derived from E13 brain stem raphe and immortalized with the SV40 temperature-sensitive allele of large T antigen (tsTag), was transfected with rat GAD 67 cDNA (glutamate decarboxylase, the synthetic enzyme for GABA), and the GABAergic cell line, 33G10.17, was isolated. The 33G10.17 cells transfected with the GAD 67 gene expressed GAD 67 protein and synthesized low levels of GABA at permissive temperature (33°C), when the cells were proliferating, and increased GAD 67 and GABA during differentiation at nonpermissive temperature (39°C) in vitro, because GAD 67 protein expression was upregulated with differentiation. A control cell line, 33V1, transfected with the vector alone, contained no GAD 67 or GABA at either temperature. These cell lines were used as grafts in a model of chronic neuropathic pain induced by unilateral chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Pain-related behaviors, including cold and tactile allodynia and thermal and tactile hyperalgesia, were evaluated after CCI in the affected hind paw. When 33G10.17 and 33V1 cells were transplanted in the lumbar subarachnoid space of the spinal cord 1 week after CCI, they survived greater than 7 weeks on the pia mater around the spinal cord. Furthermore, the tactile and cold allodynia and tactile and thermal hyperalgesia induced by CCI was significantly reduced during the 2–7-week period after grafts of 33G10.17 cells. The maximal effect on chronic pain behaviors with the GABAergic grafts occurred 2–3 weeks after transplantation. Transplants of 33V1 control cells had no effect on the allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by CCI. These data suggest that a chronically applied, low local dose of GABA presumably supplied by transplanted cells near the spinal dorsal horn was able to reverse the development of chronic neuropathic pain following CCI. The use of neural cell lines that are able to deliver inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as GABA, in a model of chronic pain offers a novel approach to pain management.
Using electronic facsimiles of documents for automatic reconstruction of underlying hypertext structures (2002)

When looking for detailed pieces of information within the facsimiles of documents, a user has only a highly limited set of supportive tools at his disposal. As a solution to this problem, the use of automatically generated hypertext structures is proposed. These structures also include conventional mechanisms like table of contents, index, or full text search, but extend to the possibility of associative searches. The automatic generation of hypertext structures is based on two sources of information: the output of a commercial OCR system and a document type dependent specification file including the specifications for both structure elements and link types. Thus, additional information hidden in layout and typography is taken into account in addition to the plain ASCII representation of the document. The browsing problems that may arise from a hypertext's nonlinearity do not appear, because the user also has access to the document in its original linear fashion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Operation of two copper vapor lasers by a single magnetic modulator (2002)

Copper vapor lasers are often operated in oscillator-amplifier configuration. Proper synchronization is a critical issue for such systems, and different solutions have appeared in literature, in general of high complexity and costly. We propose here another solution: operating two lasers by a single modulator. At a certain stage, the circuit is split into two branches by means of coupled inductors. The proposed circuit allows distribution of energy between the two branches according to a pre-defined ratio, and conservation of this ratio even if nonlinearities appear in the branches. We present the theoretical analysis of the circuit and a complete design procedure. An experimental circuit is also described.
Preparation of Patterned Zinc Oxide Films by Breath Figure Templating (2010)

A large variety of microporous polymer films can be prepared by the breath figure technique. Here, we report on its use for the formation of microporous zinc oxide films. Zinc acetylacetonate, a zinc oxide precursor, is either dissolved in a polymer solution that is cast at high humidity to form microporous films or is vacuum evaporated onto a preformed microporous polymer film. Annealing leads to the pyrolysis of the organic material and the formation of zinc oxide films, which show increased photocatalytic activity as compared to unstructured films.
On the state of affairs in OSI transaction processing (2003)

The authors briefly describe the technical contents of an ISO standardization project on distributed transaction processing, and report on the current state of the project. After an outline of the historical development, definitions of the basic technical concepts are given. Emphasis is on an explanation of transaction commitment. The two commitment procedures described in the current working documents are characterized, and their main differences are discussed. The major arguments used by the supporters of the two different procedures are presented. Some of the problems related to interworking of systems using different commitment procedures are mentioned. A rough survey of the complete set of services is given. The influence that a future standard on distributed transaction processing might have on OSI (Open System Interconnect) service conventions is considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Demodulation of CPFSK and GMSK Signals Using Digital Signal Processing DPLL with Sequence Estimator (2001)

SUMMARY Phase locked loops (PLL's) are well known as a threshold extension demodulator for analogue FM signals. This capability may lead to the low bit error rate demodulation for digital FM signals. A PLL has also its native frequency tracking ability and is suited to the demodulation of the signals having large Doppler shifts, for example signals from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. In this paper, we study the demodulation scheme of Continuous Phase FSK (CPFSK) and Gaussian filtered MSK (GMSK) signals using a Digital Signal Processing type Digital PLL (DSP DPLL). First we propose a DSP DPLL completely equivalent to an Analog PLL (APLL). Next we adopt the sequence estimation scheme to compensate the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) associated with the finite loop bandwidth of the DSP DPLL. Through computer simulations it is clarified that the proposed DSP DPLL with sequence estimator can achieve better BER performance compared with the conventional Limiter Discriminator (LD) detection on the AWGN channel. We have also shown that the DSP DPLL with sequence estimator has excellent BER characteristics on Rician fading channels having actual large Doppler shifts.
Improved measurement for volatile particles: Vapor-particle separator design and laboratory tests (2011)

Sampling and measurement of volatile particles is a challenging task. It has been hampered by lack of a reliable technique capable of accurately capturing the phase-partition process of the pollutants without generating bias and artifacts in the data. The objective of this research is to design a new vapor-particle separation technique for performing the phase separation on-line (the sampling aspect), which, simultaneously, enables characterization of the vapors and particles. The new vapor-particle separator (VPS) consists of a thin metallic microporous membrane for (1) extraction of vapor molecules that are thermally desorbed from the condensed particulate phases and (2) collection of the vapors for subsequent chemical analysis. We evaluated this new separator using synthetic particles made of nonvolatile and or semi-volatile chemicals, and reported the laboratory test results in this paper. The laboratory particle test results showed reasonably high particle transmission efficiency across all particle sizes. The thermal dynamics of nanoparticles was succinctly observed on-line. The results successfully demonstrated the ability of VPS to separate particles and vapors thus enabling a faithful observation of the thermal behavior. We believe the new technology will make a great contribution to the measurement of volatile particles.
Superconformal Electrodeposition of Silver in Submicrometer Features (2002)

The generality of the curvature-enhanced accelerator coverage (CEAC) model of superconformal electrodeposition is demonstrated through application to superconformal filling of fine trenches during silver deposition from a selenium-catalyzed silver cyanide electrolyte. The CEAC mechanism involves (i) increase of local metal deposition rate with increasing coverage of a catalytic species adsorbed on the metal/electrolyte interface and (ii) significant change of local coverage of catalyst (and thus local deposition rate) in submicrometer features through the changing area of the metal/electrolyte interface. Electrochemical and X-ray photoelectron experiments with planar electrodes (substrates) are used to identify the catalyst and obtain all kinetic parameters required for the simulations of trench filling. In accord with the model, the electrolyte yields optically shiny, dense films, hysteretic current-voltage curves, and rising current-time transients. Experimental silver deposition in trenches from 350 down to 200 nm wide are presented and compared with simulations based on the CEAC mechanism. All kinetics for the modeling of trench filling come from the studies on planar substrates. The results support the CEAC mechanism as a quantitative formalism for exploring morphological evolution during film growth. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
EMACS the extensible, customizable self-documenting display editor (1981)

EMACS is a display editor which is implemented in an interpreted high level language. This allows users to extend the editor by replacing parts of it, to experiment with alternative command languages, and to share extensions which are generally useful. The ease of extension has contributed to the growth of a large set of useful features. This paper describes the organization of the EMACS system, emphasizing the way in which extensibility is achieved and used. This report describes work done at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the laboratory's research is provided in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense under Office of Naval Research contract N00014-80-C-0505.