gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Scene Model with Differentiable Visibility Applied to Generative Pose Estimation (2015)

Generative reconstruction methods compute the 3D configuration (such as pose and/or geometry) of a shape by optimizing the overlap of the projected 3D shape model with images. Proper handling of occlusions is a big challenge, since the visibility function that indicates if a surface point is seen from a camera can often not be formulated in closed form, and is in general discrete and non-differentiable at occlusion boundaries. We present a new scene representation that enables an analytically differentiable closed-form formulation of surface visibility. In contrast to previous methods, this yields smooth, analytically differentiable, and efficient to optimize pose similarity energies with rigorous occlusion handling, fewer local minima, and experimentally verified improved convergence of numerical optimization. The underlying idea is a new image formation model that represents opaque objects by a translucent medium with a smooth Gaussian density distribution which turns visibility into a smooth phenomenon. We demonstrate the advantages of our versatile scene model in several generative pose estimation problems, namely marker-less multi-object pose estimation, marker-less human motion capture with few cameras, and image-based 3D geometry estimation.
A Fully Integrated MIMO Multi-Band Direct-Conversion CMOS Transceiver for WLAN Applications (802.11n) (2007)

A single-chip multi-band direct-conversion CMOS MIMO transceiver (2 times 2) targeted for WLAN applications is presented. This transceiver is capable of satisfying the requirements of the Enhanced Wireless Consortium and achieves PHY rates of >270Mb/s. The receivers and transmitters achieve an EVM of better than -41 dB (0.9%) and -40dB (1.0%) operating in legacy g and a modes, respectively. From a 1.8V supply and with both cores operating, the chip draws 275mA in RX mode and 280mA in TX mode.
Cryopreservation of cancer-initiating cells derived from glioblastoma (2010)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most devastating adult brain tumor. GBM follows a hierarchical development in oncogenesis, with a sub-population of cells - brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs), exhibiting tumor-initiating potential. BTSCs possess extensive self-renewal capability and can repopulate the entire tumor mass. They are resistant to conventional therapies, suggesting that they are the likely candidates of tumor recurrence. Their eradication is thus important for an effective cure. Previous works showed that human-derived BTSCs could be stably maintained for 10-15 passages in serum-free condition, and gene expression and karyotypic hallmarks similar to the primary tumors were preserved. However, primary cells have been shown to sustain additional karyotypic aberrations owing to the harsh conditions of extended in vitro serial passage. Several investigators have proposed passaging these cells in xenograft models. A limitation of such an approach is the inability to return to identical passages for experimental repetitions, or the unavailability of suitably-aged mice for implantation. We have devised a method to cryopreserve BTSCs and that important characteristics were maintained, establishing a repository for drug screening endeavors.
One-Bit Sigma-Delta Modulator for Nonlinear Visible Light Communication Systems (2014)

In a visible light communication (VLC) system, the modulation bandwidth of light emitting diode (LED) is limited with current technology. In addition, the nonlinearity inherited in the LED prevents the application of spectral efficient modulation schemes with high peak-to-average power ratio. These characteristics limit the overall throughput of the VLC system. In this letter, a one-bit sigma-delta modulator (SDM) is introduced to the transmit signal. Such modification is compatible with the current LED lighting systems and LED drivers as the output of the one-bit SDM is equivalent to ON-OFF keying signal, thus is immune to system nonlinearities. In addition, the output of the one-bit SDM enjoys high spectral efficiency as the original input signal does. The out-of-band quantization noise can be taken care of at the receiver with analog filtering and digital signal processing. Simulation and experiment results validate that the SDM can significantly improve the VLC system performance.
Ba<sub>2</sub>YCu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>x</sub> Crystal Formed by Peritectic Reaction (1987)

Melting and crystallization behavior of a high- T c compound Ba 2 YCu 3 O x was investigated by microstructural observation, and compositional, thermal and X-ray analyses. Because of an incongruent melting, Ba 2 YCu 3 O x decomposes into a solid phase, Ba 2 YCuO 5 , and a liquid at 1266 K in air. Ba 2 YCu 3 O x crystals are formed around the primary crystals, BaY 2 CuO 5 , by a peritectic reaction on cooling from 1473 K in air.
Preclinical Efficacy of [V4 Q5 ]dDAVP, a Second Generation Vasopressin Analog, on Metastatic Spread and Tumor-Associated Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer (2018)

suggest that the novel second generation vasopressin analog could be used for the management of aggressive CRC as an adjuvant agent during surgery or to complement standard chemotherapy, limiting tumor angiogenesis and metastasis and thus protecting the patient from CRC recurrence.
Virion incorporation of integrin α4β7 facilitates HIV-1 infection and intestinal homing (2017)

The intestinal mucosa is a key anatomical site for HIV-1 replication and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell depletion. Accordingly, in vivo treatment with an antibody to the gut-homing integrin α4β7 was shown to reduce viral transmission, delay disease progression, and induce persistent virus control in macaques challenged with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). We show that integrin α4β7 is efficiently incorporated into the envelope of HIV-1 virions. Incorporated α4β7 is functionally active as it binds mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), promoting HIV-1 capture by and infection of MAdCAM-expressing cells, which in turn mediate trans-infection of bystander cells. Functional α4β7 is present in circulating virions from HIV-infected patients and SIV-infected macaques, with peak levels during the early stages of infection. In vivo homing experiments documented selective and specific uptake of α4β7<sup>+</sup> HIV-1 virions by high endothelial venules in the intestinal mucosa. These results extend the paradigm of tissue homing to a retrovirus and are relevant for the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of HIV-1 infection.
Multilevel- and Neural-Network-Based Stereo-Matching Method for Real-Time Obstacle Detection Using Linear Cameras (2005)

The focus of this paper is on real-time obstacle detection using linear stereo vision. This paper presents a multilevel neural method for matching edges extracted from stereo linear images. The method described performs edge stereo matching at different levels with a neural-network-based procedure. At each level, the process starts by selecting, in the left and right linear images, the most significant edges, i.e., those with the largest gradient magnitudes. The selected edges are then matched and the obtained pairs are used as reference pairs for matching less significant edges in the next level. In each level, the matching problem is formulated as an optimization task in which an objective function, representing the constraints on the solution, is minimized thanks to a Hopfield neural network.
Metabolic engineering of a tyrosine-overproducing yeast platform using targeted metabolomics (2015)

Our targeted metabolomics approach confirmed a likely regulatory site at DAHP synthase and identified another possible cofactor limitation at prephenate dehydrogenase. Additionally, the genome-scale metabolic model identified design strategies that have the potential to improve availability of erythrose 4-phosphate for DAHP synthase and cofactor availability for prephenate dehydrogenase. We evaluated these strategies and provide recommendations for further improvement of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae.
Map of Sequential B Cell Epitopes of the HIV-1 Transmembrane Protein Using Human Antibodies as Probe (1990)

Antibodies of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were used to probe the antigenicity of the HIV-1 transmembrane protein of 41 kD (gp41) by antibody-reactive peptide scanning (Pepscan). Eleven distinct sequential antibody-binding sites were defined by testing reactivity to 339 overlapping nonapeptides spanning the complete gp41 amino acid sequence. Such analysis only maps continuous antibody-binding sites of nine amino acids in length and does not identify putative discontinuous or assembled epitopes. Three B cell epitopes (aa 609-622; aa 655-699; aa 664-681) at the amino-terminal border of the putative transmembrane anchor and two (aa 732-748; aa 744-762) at the carboxyl-terminal border of this domain were the most antigenic. One antibody-binding domain (aa 834-852) with four amino acids homologous to the beta-1 domain of HLA class II beta-chain was recognized by the serum in 1 of 4 AIDS patients tested and not by any of the eight sera from symptom-free individuals. Although functional domains of gp41 involved in virus replication, cytopathicity and possibly immunosuppression were shown to bind antibodies of HIV-1-infected individuals, no relationship between antibody recognition patterns and disease progression was apparent.
Evidence for cortical hyperexcitability of the affected limb representation area in CRPS: a psychophysical and transcranial magnetic stimulation study (2004)

Functional alterations in noxious, sensory and motor circuits within the central nervous system may play an important role in the pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The aim of the present study was to search for further evidence of hyperexcitability in the hemisphere contralateral to the affected limb in patients with CRPS by employing both psychophysical and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methods. Twelve patients with CRPS type I, confined to the distal part of a limb (six in an upper-limb and six in a lower-limb), were enrolled in the study. The quantitative thermal, mechanical and 'wind-up' like pain testing was performed at the most painful site in the affected limb and in the ipsilateral limb. Results were then compared to those found at mirror sites in the contralateral limbs. TMS was used to assess the inter-hemispheric difference in parameters of corticospinal excitability, intracortical inhibition, and intracortical facilitation. The quantitative thermal and mechanical testing showed significant differences in cold, heat and mechanical pain thresholds, as well as in the first and last 'wind-up' stimuli between the affected and the contralateral limbs of the CRPS patients. No significant differences between the ipsilateral unaffected limbs and their contralateral pair limbs were found. A significant reduction in the short intracortical inhibition associated with a significant increase of the I-wave facilitation was found in the hemisphere contralateral to the affected side in the upper-limb CRPS group. No significant inter-hemispheric asymmetry between the affected and the non-affected sides was revealed in the lower-limb CRPS group. Taken together, these results suggest that in patients with well-localized CRPS, there is evidence for sensory and motor CNS hyperexcitability, though it seems to involve only corresponding regions within the CNS rather than the entire hemisphere.
Endothelin‐1 acts as an autocrine growth factor for normal human keratinocytes (1994)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an endothelium-derived 21 amino acid vasoconstrictor peptide possessing two intrachain disulfide bridges. Recently it has become evident that isoforms of ET (ET-1, -2, and -3) have a wide range of pharmacological effects in various tissues and act as autocrine/paracrine factors. We demonstrate here that ET-1 is secreted from normal human keratinocytes and may work as an autocrine growth factor through a specific receptor. In this study, human foreskin keratinocytes were cultured in serum-free MCDB 153 medium. Cell growth and [3H] thymidine incorporation in low and high Ca++ concentration media was stimulated by ET-1, -2, and -3 with similar potencies. The strongest response was observed at 10 nM ETs, whereas stimulatory activity was reduced at 100 nM. ETs suppressed keratinocyte differentiation as measured by reactivity with involucrin antibody. Plasminogen activator activity (mainly urokinase) in the medium was also stimulated by the addition of 10 nM ETs. ET-1-like immunoreactivity measured by radioimmunoassay was 1.4 fmol/day/10(6) cells in non-treated condition medium. Among the various cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta stimulated ET-1 secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The strongest response (ten-fold) was observed upon the addition of 10 ng/ml TNF-alpha. Scatchard plot analysis of [125I] ET-1 binding to keratinocytes revealed the presence of a single class of high affinity receptors (KD 50 pM, 9 x 10(3) sites/cell). Binding was competitively inhibited by the addition of unlabeled ET-1 and -2 with similar affinities and by ET-3 with weaker affinity. ET-1 mRNA expression in keratinocytes was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and was increased by treatment with 10 ng/ml TNF-alpha. These results suggest that ET-1 acts as an autocrine growth factor for keratinocytes through a specific receptor.
Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea: how good are nurses at identifying the disease? (2002)

Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea: how good are nurses at identifying the disease?
Field tests with a prototype duplicate microprocessor based governor for a hydro turbine (1991)

Field tests have been conducted with a prototype duplicate microprocessor-based governor for a hydro-turbine. The control strategy used in the governor determines the control parameters using an intelligent self-improvement procedure for no-load and loaded conditions. A brief description of the control strategy and implementation is given, and the results of the field tests are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3D Printing: A Cost Effective and Timely Approach to Manufacturing of Low-Thrust Engines (2014)

This document presents an overview of the application of additive manufacturing to low thrust rocket engines as experienced by an undergraduate student organization out of the University of California, San Diego. The extraordinary benefits of 3D printing make rocket design practical for those whom such an experience was previously ungraspable and generally provides a wide array of advantages for audiences adept to rocketry. These benefits are witnessed in the document as the design, development, and testing of an additively manufactured engine from the organization is documented.
Integrating anatomical priors in ECT reconstruction via joint mixtures and mutual information (2002)

Presents a joint mixture model for integrating anatomical information in ECT reconstruction. The mixture model acts as a Bayesian prior with the added benefit of the anatomical segmentation pixel-region labels guiding the reconstruction process. An additional hyper-prior on the mixture occupation probability is introduced. This has the novel interpretation of maximizing the mutual information between the anatomical image and the evolving ECT reconstruction. Results are presented on a phantom with the bias/variance tradeoff being the indicator of performance.
From cartography of the Universe to molecular cartography – the use of map projections (2015)

Abstract Map projections are very important in the compilation of various types of maps and spatial databases. Geographical information systems provide their users with the significant opportunities in the choice of map projections, coordinate systems, their definitions and transitions between them. The role of map projection can be considered depending on an objective, for which a map has to be used, user of this map and a form of its publication. The Internet, mobile devices and GIS caused that the map projections are used for two main purposes: data visualization and performing of calculations and analyses. The role of map projections is still important, despite the changes occurring in cartography. The rules for the applications of map projections developed over the centuries are still valid. However, the new rules resulting from the new functions of map projections are also created. The aim of this article, that is the author’s overview of map projections, is to illustrate the broad spectrum of applications for the map projections.
High spatial resolution distributed fiber system for multi-parameter sensing based on modulated pulses (2016)

We demonstrate a cost-effective distributed fiber sensing system for the multi-parameter detection of the vibration, the temperature, and the strain by integrating phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) and Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (B-OTDR). Taking advantage of the fast changing property of the vibration and the static properties of the temperature and the strain, both the width and intensity of the laser pulses are modulated and injected into the single-mode sensing fiber proportionally, so that three concerned parameters can be extracted simultaneously by only one photo-detector and one data acquisition channel. A data processing method based on Gaussian window short time Fourier transform (G-STFT) is capable of achieving high spatial resolution in B-OTDR. The experimental results show that up to 4.8kHz vibration sensing with 3m spatial resolution at 10km standard single-mode fiber can be realized, as well as the distributed temperature and stress profiles along the same fiber with 80cm spatial resolution.
Murine Bone Marrow Stromally Derived BMS2 Adipocytes Support Differentiation and Function of Osteoclast-Like Cells<i>in Vitro</i><sup>1</sup> (1998)

Stromal cells are required for in vitro osteoclast differentiation and maturation. The murine bone marrow stromally derived BMS2 cell line exhibits adipocytic and osteoblastic features as well as the ability to support lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis. This work examined the ability of the BMS2 cell in either the preadipocyte or adipocyte state to support the formation of osteoclast-like cells. BMS2 cells can be induced to undergo adipogenic differentiation in response to treatment with glucocorticoids or thiazolidinedione compounds. Primary bone marrow cells, enriched for hematopoietic progenitors and depleted of their adherent stromal and macrophage populations, were stimulated with vitamin D3 (vitamin D; 10(-8) M) to undergo osteoclast differentiation and maturation when cocultured with BMS2 cells. In both preadipocyte and adipocyte-enriched BMS2 stromal layers, comparable numbers of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast-like cells, characterized by their response to salmon calcitonin with an increase in cAMP and formation of resorption pits on bovine bone slices, were formed. The gene expression and protein levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor produced by preadipocyte and adipocyte-rich BMS2 layers were comparable. However, adipocyte-rich stromal layers supported osteoclast-like cell formation longer in culture than preadipocytes, independent of the agent used to induce adipocyte differentiation. These studies demonstrate for the first time that fully differentiated adipocyte stromal cells can support osteoclast-like cell formation and function in vitro.
Thiopurine methyltransferase alleles in British and Ghanaian populations (1999)

Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyses the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs such as 6-mercapto-purine, 6-thioguanine and azathioprine. TPMT activity is inherited as an autosomal co-dominant trait, and several mutations in the TPMT gene have been identified which correlate with a low activity phenotype. Although ethnic differences in TPMT activity have been described, population frequency analysis of TPMT alleles has not been well defined in different ethnic groups. The frequency of four allelic variants of the TPMT gene, TPMT*2, TPMT*3A, TPMT*3B and TPMT*3C were compared in British Caucasian (n = 199) and Ghanaian (n = 217) populations using PCR-RFLP and allele-specific PCR-based assays. TPMT*3C was found in 14.8% of Ghanaians (31 heterozygotes, one homozygote). The TPMT*2, TPMT*3A and TPMT*3B alleles were not detected in any of the Ghanaian samples analysed. In contrast, 10.1% of British subjects had variant alleles, consisting of TPMT*2 (n = 2), TPMT*3A (n = 17) and TPMT*3C (n = 1) alleles. The frequencies of mutant alleles in this study were 5.3 and 7.6% in British Caucasians and Ghanaians, respectively. Among Ghanaian tribes, Ewe subjects had a lower frequency of mutant alleles (5.9%) than Ga (13.2%) or Fanti (11.6%), although this did not reach statistical significance. This study provides the first analysis of TPMT mutant allele frequency in an African population and indicates that, unlike Caucasians, TPMT*3C is the most common allele in African subjects.
Integration issues in implementation of structural control systems (2002)

Abstract Most of the recent research activities in structural control have been focused on developing more robust and rigorous control algorithms to account for more realistic dynamic environment. Although a number of active, hybrid and semi‐active control systems have been implemented to control the vibration of buildings, and many experimental studies have been conducted, the necessary knowledge needed for implementation is still not sufficient to prepare general guidelines for structural control system design and installation. Furthermore, the whole implementation process which requires integration of research results from diverse interdisciplinary areas has not been well addressed. The purpose of this paper is to introduce necessary knowledge needed to successfully implement general control system to a structure for safeguarding it against environmental forces such as wind or earthquakes. The major requirements of the analog/digital control hardware are first addressed. A custom‐designed signal interface unit equipped with conditioning, filtering, monitoring, fail‐safe limit detection, signal communication, and remote activation subsystems is then required to deal with the integrated system through the help of a digital computer. The implicit software issues between theoretical development and actual implementation, such as overall system configuration, sampling rates setup, analog‐I/O interface, hardware offsets removal, noise rejection, signal error modification, engineering units scaling, control algorithm implementation, system status monitoring, automatic operations of power and force generators, multi‐protection fail‐safe measures, false‐alarm control command rejection, and real‐time signal manipulation, should be included in a modular design of any control software for real implementational design. The important hardware and software safety and compatibility features have to be identified, verified and adjusted in order to eliminate many of the common problems that may occur in practical implementation of a complex control system. The idea of using a real‐time structural simulator (RTSS) to perform integrated system testing as well as control performance verification is also introduced. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterned Anodic Aluminum Oxide Arrays with Alternating Regions of Aluminum and Porous Aluminum Oxide (2006)

Abstract not Available.