gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of maximum expiratory peak flow rates and histamine inhalation tests in the investigation of occupational asthma (1984)

A 49 year old carpenter developed asthma after he was employed in a new workshop. Specific inhalation tests carried out in a laboratory with presswood sawdust and the different glues used at work were negative. Monitoring peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) at work revealed a progressive fall on consecutive days with recovery after periods off-work. Histamine inhalation tests showed a definite increase in bronchial hyperexcitability after working periods. Monitoring of PEFR in conjunction with histamine inhalation tests can thus help in confirming occupational asthma.
Software-Driven Hardware Development (2015)

The cost and complexity of hardware-centric systems can often be reduced by using software to perform tasks which don't appear on the critical path. Alternately, the performance of software can sometimes be improved by using special purpose hardware to implement tasks which do appear on the critical path. Whatever the motivation, most modern systems are composed of both hardware and software components.
Phosphodiester Cleavage in Ribonuclease H Occurs via an Associative Two-Metal-Aided Catalytic Mechanism (2008)

Ribonuclease H (RNase H) belongs to the nucleotidyl-transferase (NT) superfamily and hydrolyzes the phosphodiester linkages that form the backbone of the RNA strand in RNA x DNA hybrids. This enzyme is implicated in replication initiation and DNA topology restoration and represents a very promising target for anti-HIV drug design. Structural information has been provided by high-resolution crystal structures of the complex RNase H/RNA x DNA from Bacillus halodurans (Bh), which reveals that two metal ions are required for formation of a catalytic active complex. Here, we use classical force field-based and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations for modeling the nucleotidyl transfer reaction in RNase H, clarifying the role of the metal ions and the nature of the nucleophile (water versus hydroxide ion). During the catalysis, the two metal ions act cooperatively, facilitating nucleophile formation and stabilizing both transition state and leaving group. Importantly, the two Mg(2+) metals also support the formation of a meta-stable phosphorane intermediate along the reaction, which resembles the phosphorane intermediate structure obtained only in the debated beta-phosphoglucomutase crystal (Lahiri, S. D.; et al. Science 2003, 299 (5615), 2067-2071). The nucleophile formation (i.e., water deprotonation) can be achieved in situ, after migration of one proton from the water to the scissile phosphate in the transition state. This proton transfer is actually mediated by solvation water molecules. Due to the highly conserved nature of the enzymatic bimetal motif, these results might also be relevant for structurally similar enzymes belonging to the NT superfamily.
Validation and updating of predictive logistic regression models: a study on sample size and shrinkage (2004)

A logistic regression model may be used to provide predictions of outcome for individual patients at another centre than where the model was developed. When empirical data are available from this centre, the validity of predictions can be assessed by comparing observed outcomes and predicted probabilities. Subsequently, the model may be updated to improve predictions for future patients. As an example, we analysed 30-day mortality after acute myocardial infarction in a large data set (GUSTO-I, n = 40 830). We validated and updated a previously published model from another study (TIMI-II, n = 3339) in validation samples ranging from small (200 patients, 14 deaths) to large (10,000 patients, 700 deaths). Updated models were tested on independent patients. Updating methods included re-calibration (re-estimation of the intercept or slope of the linear predictor) and more structural model revisions (re-estimation of some or all regression coefficients, model extension with more predictors). We applied heuristic shrinkage approaches in the model revision methods, such that regression coefficients were shrunken towards their re-calibrated values. Parsimonious updating methods were found preferable to more extensive model revisions, which should only be attempted with relatively large validation samples in combination with shrinkage.
Topics in advanced scientific computation (1996)

1) Selected Numerical algorithms, 2) evaluation of constants & Functions, 3) Number-theoretical Algorithms, 4) Transforms, 5) Nonlinear & Complex Systems, 6) Data manipulation
Collagen-Based Dermal Fillers: Past, Present, Future (2009)

The demand for dermal fillers and the variety of dermal fillers available have evolved dramatically during the past 2 decades. Collagen was the first material to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for injection into facial scars, furrows, and lines. Bovine collagen (95% type I and 5% type III collagen) was approved in 1981; buffered collagen Zyderm I and Zyderm II followed by Zyplast were FDA approved and released shortly thereafter. This article will focus on the historical benefits and risks of collagen injections and the typical outcomes. With the advent of hyaluronic acid products and other options, the risks of collagen and limited benefit have caused a marked loss of market share. Specifically, allergy is a major concern. As a result, two rounds of skin testing are required adding inconvenience and delay for both the practitioner and patient. Furthermore, a negative skin test does not guarantee allergic reactions or other more serious side effects will not occur. Finally, the perceived clinical efficacy is often short lived despite histopathologic assessments showing that collagen persists at best 9 months.
Interference-Aware Dynamic Resource Allocation for D2D Proximity Services with Beamforming Support (2015)

We propose a low-overhead interference-aware approach to spectrally efficient, fully distributed dynamic resource allocation with beamforming support for unassisted broadcast and unicast device-to-device communications. A resource may only be allocated for transmission over a link if a) the transmitter is guaranteed to not cause excessive interference at any scheduled receivers, and b) the total interference caused by all scheduled transmitters can be handled by the receiver. In order to determine whether a resource satisfies these interference constraints, information derived from physical layer measurements (rather than geometry or network topology) is periodically exchanged among neighbors. Support of beamforming antennas is achieved in a straightforward manner by taking into account the optimal array configuration when performing such measurements.
Chiral Stationary Phase Based on a Biostable <scp>l</scp>-RNA Aptamer (2005)

An immobilized anti-L-arginine d-RNA aptamer, used as a target-specific chiral stationary phase (CSP), was found to be very quickly degraded by RNases under usual chromatographic utilization and storage. To overcome this severe limitation for a practical use, a CSP based on the L-RNA aptamer, that is, the mirror image of the D-RNA aptamer, was created. It was shown that this mirror-image approach was a very simple and powerful strategy to develop a highly stable stationary phase due to the intrinsic insensitivity of l-RNA to the RNase degradation. In addition, such an approach allowed one to reverse the enantiomer elution order relative to that obtained with the corresponding d-RNA CSP.
Desmosomal proteins, including desmoglein 3, serve as novel negative markers for epidermal stem cell-containing population of keratinocytes (2003)

No single method has been universally adopted for identifying and isolating epidermal stem/progenitor cells, and the emergence of new markers of stem cell populations is worth exploring. Here we report, for the first time, that clusters of basal keratinocytes at the tips of the rete ridges in human palm, previously recognised as a major repository of stem cells, had very low levels of desmoplakin protein and mRNA expression, compared with cells at the sides of the ridges or above the dermal papillae. We found that in populations of palm keratinocytes, selected by their ability to adhere rapidly to type IV collagen, there were significantly reduced levels of desmoplakin and other major desmosome proteins. We then showed that a low desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) expression on the cell surface could be used to enrich for a cell population with high clonogenecity, colony forming efficiency and enhanced proliferative potential, but with a low ability to form the abortive clones, compared with populations with a higher Dsg3 expression. Moreover, stringent sorting of populations showing both beta1 integrin-bright and Dsg3-dull expression enabled even further enrichment of a population containing the putative epidermal stem cells. These findings provide the basis for a new strategy for epidermal stem/progenitor cell enrichment, and encourage further study of the role of desmosomes in stem cell biology.
Clinical Review 3 The Clinical Use of Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody Measurements* (1989)

There are relatively few circumstances wherein the assay of TRAb, as TSAb or TBIAb, is merited in the routine clinical management of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. These include: 1. the prediction of neonatal hyperthyroidism; 2. the confirmation, by assay of maternal serum, and perhaps newborn blood, that neonatal hypothyroidism, identified on routine screening, may be transient and due to transplacental passage of TBIAb; 3. the prediction of relapse of hyperthyroidism at the end of a course of antithyroid drugs; this information should lead to more careful observation to identify relapse as early as possible; 4. the confirmation that adult agoitrous hypothyroidism reflects the effect of an antibody (TBIAb) blocking the action of TSH although, as discussed, there is little, if any, practical gain from this information. Additional applications of the routine use of TRAb assays will require the development of a procedure that combines the sensitivity, specificity, availability, and ease found variably in current TSAb and TBI procedures, and at much less cost than what is provided today.
Laser interaction with SiCr thin film resistors: "the bubble theory" (2003)

This paper introduces a theoretical model to qualitatively describe the mechanisms involved during laser trimming of SiCr thin film resistors. The model was developed to address the problems encountered when trying to cut these resistors. It is based upon the physical laws of laser-matter interaction and extrapolates them to the confines of a thin film resistor. This was achieved with planar TEM images of the laser cut thin film resistors to provide support for the theory. With this model it was then possible to recommend and implement solutions about the design of the SiCr thin film in order to enhance its capabilities as a potential laser trim tab or thin film fuse.
Lung Adenocarcinoma with <i>EGFR</i> Amplification Has Distinct Clinicopathologic and Molecular Features in Never-Smokers (2009)

In a subset of lung adenocarcinomas, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is activated by kinase domain mutations and/or gene amplification, but the interaction between the two types of abnormalities is complex and unclear. For this study, we selected 99 consecutive never-smoking women of East Asian origin with lung adenocarcinomas that were characterized by histologic subtype. We analyzed EGFR mutations by PCR-capillary sequencing, EGFR copy number abnormalities by fluorescence and chromogenic in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR, and EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry with both specific antibodies against exon 19 deletion-mutated EGFR and total EGFR. We compared molecular and clinicopathologic features with disease-free survival. Lung adenocarcinomas with EGFR amplification had significantly more EGFR exon 19 deletion mutations than adenocarcinomas with disomy, and low and high polysomy (100% versus 54%, P = 0.009). EGFR amplification occurred invariably on the mutated and not the wild-type allele (median mutated/wild-type ratios 14.0 versus 0.33, P = 0.003), was associated with solid histology (P = 0.008), and advanced clinical stage (P = 0.009). EGFR amplification was focally distributed in lung cancer specimens, mostly in regions with solid histology. Patients with EGFR amplification had a significantly worse outcome in univariate analysis (median disease-free survival, 16 versus 31 months, P = 0.01) and when adjusted for stage (P = 0.027). Lung adenocarcinomas with EGFR amplification have a unique association with exon 19 deletion mutations and show distinct clinicopathologic features associated with a significantly worsened prognosis. In these cases, EGFR amplification is heterogeneously distributed, mostly in areas with a solid histology.
Human Fetal Liver-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation as Supportive Modality in the Management of End-Stage Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis (2010)

Liver transplantation is the only existing modality for treating decompensated liver cirrhosis. Several factors, such as nonavailability of donors, combined with operative risks, complications associated with rejection, usage of immunosuppressive agents, and cost intensiveness, make this strategy available to only a few people. With a tremendous upsurge in the mortality rate of patients with liver disorders worldwide, there is a need to search for an alternative therapeutic tool that can combat the above limitations and serve as a supportive therapy in the management of liver diseases. Cell therapy using human fetal liver-derived stem cells can provide great potential to conservatively manage end-stage liver diseases. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to study and prove the safety and efficacy of human fetal liver-derived stem cell transplantation in patients with end-stage liver cirrhosis. Twenty-five patients with liver cirrhosis of different etiologies were infused with human fetal liver-derived stem cells (EpCAM+ve) labeled with Tc-HMPAO through hepatic artery. Our high throughput analysis using flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and cellular characterization exemplifies fetal liver cells with their high proliferation rate could be the best source for rejuvenating the diseased liver. Further, no episodes related to hepatic encephalopathy recurred in any of the subjects following hepatic stem cell transplantation. There was marked clinical improvement observed in terms of all clinical and biochemical parameters. Further, there was decrease in mean MELD score ( p < 0.01) observed in 6 months follow-up in all patients. Therapy using human fetal liver stem/progenitor cells offers a potentially supportive modality to organ transplantation in the management of liver diseases.
BRCA1 regulates microRNA biogenesis via the DROSHA microprocessor complex (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that function as key posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNA maturation is controlled by the DROSHA microprocessor complex. However, the detailed mechanism of miRNA biogenesis remains unclear. We show that the tumor suppressor breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) accelerates the processing of miRNA primary transcripts. BRCA1 increased the expressions of both precursor and mature forms of let-7a-1, miR-16-1, miR-145, and miR-34a. In addition, this tumor suppressor was shown to be directly associated with DROSHA and DDX5 of the DROSHA microprocessor complex, and it interacted with Smad3, p53, and DHX9 RNA helicase. We also found that BRCA1 recognizes the RNA secondary structure and directly binds with primary transcripts of miRNAs via a DNA-binding domain. Together, these results suggest that BRCA1 regulates miRNA biogenesis via the DROSHA microprocessor complex and Smad3/p53/DHX9. Our findings also indicate novel functions of BRCA1 in miRNA biogenesis, which may be linked to its tumor suppressor mechanism and maintenance of genomic stability.
Optimization of Wave Rotors for Use as Gas Turbine Engine Topping Cycles (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Use of a wave rotor as a topping cycle for a gas turbine engine can improve specific power and reduce specific fuel consumption. Maximum improvement requires the wave rotor to be optimized for best performance at the mass flow of the engine. The optimization is a trade-off between losses due to friction and passage opening time, and rotational effects. An experimentally validated, one-dimensional CFD code, which includes these effects, has been used to calculate wave rotor performance, and find the optimum configuration. The technique is described, and results given for wave rotors sized for engines with sea level mass flows of 4,26, and 400 lb/sec.</div>
Schedule-clock-tree routing for semi-synchronous circuits (1999)

this paper we propose a clock-tree routin algorithm that realizes a given clock-scheduleusin the Elmore-delay model. Followin the deferred-merge-embeddin (DME) framework the algorithm genm,697 a topology of the clock-treean simultan67,R] determin, the location an sizes ofin termediate bu#ers. The experimen tal results showed that this methodconB0,R]+ a clocktree with moderate wirelen,B for aran87 layout of scheduled registers. Notably the required wirelen,B for agen tle layout of scheduled registers was shown to be almost equal to that of zero-skew clock-trees.
High Polarity Poly(vinylidene difluoride) Thin Coating for Dendrite‐Free and High‐Performance Lithium Metal Anodes (2017)

Abstract The high‐polarity β‐phase poly(vinylidene difluoride) (β‐PVDF), which has all trans conformation with F and H atoms located on the opposite sides of the polymer backbone, is demonstrated to be a promising artificial solid‐electrolyte interphase coating on both Cu and Li metal anodes for dendrite‐free Li deposition/stripping and enhanced cycling performance. A thin (≈4 µm) β‐PVDF coating on Cu enables uniform Li deposition/stripping at high current densities up to 5 mA cm −2 , Li‐plating capacity loadings of up to 4 mAh cm −2 , and excellent cycling stability over hundreds of cycles under practical conditions (1 mA cm −2 with 2 mAh cm −2 ). Full cells containing an LiFePO 4 cathode and an anode of either β‐PVDF coated Cu or Li also exhibit excellent cycling stability. The profound effects of the high‐polarity PVDF coating on dendrite suppression are attributed to the electronegative F‐rich interface that favors layer‐by‐layer Li deposition. This study offers a new strategy for the development of dendrite‐free metal anode technology.
Dibenzoxepines as treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (1999)

Abstract
Magnetic properties and structure of cobalt-platinum thin films (1983)

The magnetic properties of RF sputtered Co-Pt alloy thin films were studied as a function of Pt content from 0 to 80 at%. At room temperature, ferromagnetic films were obtained in the range 0-32 and 40-80 at% Pt. For Pt contents between 32 and 40 at%, discontinuities in the magnetization, magnetostriction, and coercivity versus Pt content were observed; however no discontinuity was observed in the resistivity. The structure of films containing about 25 at% Pt is a mixture of hexagonal and face-centered cubic (FCC) phases. At this composition the magnetostriction is small, but coercivities are large-700 to 2000 Oe-and dependent upon film thickness. The coercivities of these films do not change with heat treatment up to temperatures of 600°C but decrease markedly at 700°C. The properties of equiatomic Co-Pt film s are similar to those of bulk alloys. In particular the large coercivity observed in films after heal treatment at 500° to 700°C is due to the formation of an ordered tetragonal phase within the face-centered cubic matrix. The structure of films of about 75 at% Pt is initially a disordered face-centered cubic phase and with heat treatment beginning at 500°C an ordered face-centered cubic phase forms. The coercivity of these films (∼200 Oe) does not change with annealing at 500°C. It decreases slightly upon further annealing at 600°C to 700°C. Electron microscope observations were used to correlate the magnetic properties with film structure.
Process Modelling Notations for eGovernment: An Assessment of Modelling Notations for Identity Management (2005)

This paper assesses the suitability of five of the most commonly used and widely accepted generic process modelling notations for modelling eGovernment identity management processes.The selection of an appropriate process modelling notation is critical to the success of the process analysis to be performed.Unless all of the elements that influence process development are represented by the modelling notation, reengineering efforts that stem from such analyses are at serious risk of failure.
Properties of Strains of Escherichia coli O26:H11 in Relation to Their Enteropathogenic or Enterohemorrhagic Classification (1990)

Thirty-seven strains of Escherichia coli O26:H11 from infants and calves with diarrhea were examined for properties associated with enteropathogenic (EPEC) or enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Strains were heterogeneous with respect to Vero cytotoxin (VT) production and hybridization with the EHEC plasmid-specific (CVD419) probe; 26 strains produced VT1; 1 produced VT2. Twenty-four of 27 VT+ strains and 5 of 10 VT- strains hybridized with the CVD419 probe and produced enterohemolysin; these properties are characteristic of EHEC. The strains did not hybridize with the EPEC adherence factor probe, a property characteristic of some EPEC. Nevertheless, 36 strains adhered to HEp-2 cells in a localized manner and were positive by the fluorescence actin staining (FAS) test that is considered to correlate with the ability to cause attaching and effacing lesions in vivo. EPEC and EHEC cause these lesions. Although the FAS test appeared to be the most general pathogenicity test for the O26:H11 strains, it could not be used to assign strains specifically to EPEC or EHEC groups.
Invasion of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum L.) Causes Rapid Changes in the Nitrogen Cycle (2006)

Invasion of exotic species threatens the stability of ecosystems and is regarded as a significant component of global ecological change. One of the most successful invasive species of the intermountain west of the United States is Bromus tectorum L. (downy brome)—an annual Eurasian grass that was first observed in North America in the late 1800s in areas of Washington, Oregon and Utah and now covers ca. 40,000,000 ha. The prevalence of B. tectorum raises concerns regarding its potential effects on ecosystem structure and function. In this study we investigated the effects of invasion of B. tectorum on an ungrazed grassland in Canyonlands National Park, Utah. Because the invasion occurred on previously established study transects, we were able to assess the short-term effects of an invasion with a known entry date. We conducted long-term soil incubations in the laboratory to obtain data on cumulative nitrogen mineralization which was used to calculate the size of the labile pool of soil nitrogen. We also measured in situ soil inorganic nitrogen and net nitrogen mineralization. We found that, 2 y following the invasion of B. tectorum, the labile pool of soil nitrogen was 50% smaller for invaded sites compared to uninvaded sites. In addition, invaded sites had significantly reduced in situ inorganic nitrogen and net nitrogen mineralization compared to uninvaded sites. The mechanisms for these changes in soil nitrogen cycling and nitrogen availability may be related to differences in the phenology, litter composition and biomass of B. tectorum compared to native grass species. These findings suggest availability of key resources is dramatically influenced by invasion of B. tectorum at these sites.