gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping array communication onto FIFO communication - towards an implementation (2000)

In high-throughput real-time media processing systems, the communication between processing units is typically specified as multi-dimensional arrays. However, the implementation of such applications is mostly FIFO (first-in, first-out) based. Mapping array communication onto a FIFO-based implementation requires complex address generators if the arrays have multiple dimensions. In this paper, we present a method for mapping array communication onto an efficient microcomputer architecture implementation based on FIFO communication via shared memory. A good hardware/software partitioning for the address generation is proposed. Furthermore, a complete design flow from specification to implementation is described. We illustrate this method with a design case: the communication of video frames between the front-end and the compressor in an MPEG encoder.
Fast silicon optical modulator (2004)

We present design, fabrication, and testing of a high-speed all-silicon optical phase modulator in silicon-on-insulator (SOI). The optical modulator is based on a novel silicon waveguide phase shifter containing a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor. We show that, under the accumulation condition, the drive voltage induced charge density change in the silicon waveguide having a MOS capacitor can be used to modulate the phase of the optical mode due to the free-carrier plasma dispersion effect. We experimentally determined the phase modulation efficiency of the individual phase shifter and compared measurements with simulations. A good agreement between theory and experiment was obtained for various phase shifter lengths. We also characterized both the low- and high-frequency performance of the integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) modulator. For a MZI device containing two identical phase shifters of 10 mm, we obtained a DC extinction ratio above 16 dB. For a MZI modulator containing a single-phase shifter of 2.5 mm in one of the two arms, the frequency dependence of the optical response was obtained by a small signal measurement. A 3-dB bandwidth exceeding 1 GHz was demonstrated. This modulation frequency is two orders of magnitude higher than has been demonstrated in any silicon modulators based on current injection in SOI.
The presence of two distinct 8-oxoguanine repair enzymes in human cells: their potential complementary roles in preventing mutation (1998)

8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG), induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ionizing radiation, is arguably the most important mutagenic lesion in DNA. This oxidized base, because of its mispairing with A, induces GC-->TA transversion mutations often observed spontaneously in tumor cells. The human cDNA encoding the repair enzyme 8-oxoG-DNA glycosylase (OGG-1) has recently been cloned, however, its activity was never detected in cells. Here we show that the apparent lack of this activity could be due to the presence of an 8-oxoG-specific DNA binding protein. Moreover, we demonstrate the presence of two antigenically distinct OGG activities with an identical reaction mechanism in human cell (HeLa) extracts. The 38 kDa OGG-1, identical to the cloned enzyme, cleaves 8-oxoG when paired with cytosine, thymine and guanine but not adenine in DNA. In contrast, the newly discovered 36 kDa OGG-2 prefers 8-oxoG paired with G and A. We propose that OGG-1 and OGG-2 have distinct antimutagenic functions in vivo . OGG-1 prevents mutation by removing 8-oxoG formed in DNA in situ and paired with C, while OGG-2 removes 8-oxoG that is incorporated opposite A in DNA from ROS-induced 8-oxodGTP. We predict that OGG-2 specifically removes such 8-oxoG residues only from the nascent strand, possibly by utilizing the same mechanism as the DNA mismatch repair pathway.
Smooth Muscle Enriched Long Noncoding RNA ( <i>SMILR</i> ) Regulates Cell Proliferation (2016)

These results identify SMILR as a driver of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and suggest that modulation of SMILR may be a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce vascular pathologies.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube replacement: A simple procedure? (2013)

Replacement of gastrostomy tube in patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is generally considered as a safe and simple procedure. However, it could be associated with serious complications, such as gastrocutaneous tract disruption and intraperitoneal tube placement, which may lead to chemical peritonitis and even death. When PEG tube needs a replacement (e.g., occlusion or breakage of the tube), clinicians must realize that the gastrocutaneous tract of PEG is more friable than that of surgical gastrostomy because there is no suture fixation between gastric wall and abdominal wall in PEG. In general, the tract of PEG begins to mature in 1-2 wk after placement and it is well formed in 4-6 wk. However, this process could take a longer period of time in some patients. Accordingly, this article describes three major principles of a safe PEG tube replacement: (1) good control of the replacement tube along the well-formed gastrocutaneous tract; (2) minimal insertion force during the replacement, and, most importantly; and (3) reliable methods for the confirmation of intragastric tube insertion. In addition, the management of patients with suspected intraperitoneal tube placement (e.g., patients having abdominal pain or signs of peritonitis immediately after PEG tube replacement or shortly after tube feeding was resumed) is discussed. If prompt investigation confirms the intraperitoneal tube placement, surgical intervention is usually required. This article also highlights the fact that each institute should have an optimal protocol for PEG tube replacement to prevent, or to minimize, such serious complications. Meanwhile, clinicians should be aware of these potential complications, particularly if there are any difficulties during the gastrostomy tube replacement.
Purification and kinetic mechanism of lysyl-tRNA synthetase from Mycobacterium smegmatis SN2. (1985)

Lysyl-tRNA synthetase [L-lys:tRNAlys ligase (AMP forming) EC:6.1.1.6] has been purified to homogeneity from Mycobacterium smegmatis SN2. The enzyme is a dimer of molecular weight 126,000 and is composed of identical subunits. A detailed analysis of the kinetic mechanism of the lysyl-tRNA synthetase has been carried out. A rapid equilibrium random ter ter mechanism is proposed based on initial velocity and product inhibition studies. There is no evidence for the formation of enzyme-bound lysyl-adenylate. The reverse reaction, studied by the deacylation of lysyl-tRNA, requires the presence of both AMP and PPi. This observation is consistent with the mechanism proposed.
Rate Dependence and Regulation of Action Potential and Calcium Transient in a Canine Cardiac Ventricular Cell Model (2004)

CaMKII is an important determinant of the rate dependence of CaT but not of APD, which depends on ion-channel kinetics. The model of CaMKII regulation may serve as a paradigm for modeling effects of other regulatory pathways on cell function.
Rotavirus is released from the apical surface of cultured human intestinal cells through nonconventional vesicular transport that bypasses the Golgi apparatus (1997)

Rotaviruses are nonenveloped viruses that infect enterocytes of the small intestine and cause severe infantile gastroenteritis. It was previously thought that rotavirus exits cells by lysis, but this behavior does not match the local pathogenesis of the virus. In this study, we have investigated the release of the simian rotavirus strain (RRV) from the polarized intestinal Caco-2 cells. We found that RRV is released almost exclusively from the apical pole of Caco-2 cells before any cells lyse. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and drugs that inhibit vesicular transport, we studied the RRV transport route from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the apical side of intestinal cells. We demonstrated that RRV exits from the ER through a carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone-sensitive vesicular transport. RRV staining was never found within the Golgi apparatus or lysosomes, suggesting that the RRV intracellular pathway does not involve these organelles. This finding was confirmed by treatment with monensin or NH4Cl, which do not affect release of RRV. Electron microscopic analysis revealed RRV containing small smooth vesicles in the apical area and free virions outside the cell in the brush border, consistent with a vesicular vectorial transport of virus. These results may provide, for the first time, a cellular explanation of the pathogenesis of rotavirus.
Teaching Eye Contact to Children with Autism: A Conceptual Analysis and Single Case Study (2013)

Eye contact occurs very early in development and serves many functions for the young child. It has been implicated in the development of social, cognitive, and language skills. A substantial number of children with autism fail to develop this important skill and therefore experimenters with both developmental and behavior analytic perspectives have researched methods to teach eye contact. However, only a few researchers have recently attempted to condition the response of the communication partner as a reinforcer for social behavior and thereby arrange the conditions under which typical children develop social responses. The purpose of this case study was to extend the analysis of typical development of social skills to the teaching of eye contact as a language pragmatic skill to a child with autism. Data from a single case study of a child with autism are provided.
Exosome-Mediated Transfer of microRNAs Within the Tumor Microenvironment and Neuroblastoma Resistance to Chemotherapy (2015)

These data indicate a unique role of exosomic miR-21 and miR-155 in the cross-talk between NBL cells and human monocytes in the resistance to chemotherapy, through a novel exosomic miR-21/TLR8-NF-кB/exosomic miR-155/TERF1 signaling pathway.
Spatial Mapping of Myeloid Cells and Macrophages by Multiplexed Tissue Staining (2018)

An array of phenotypically diverse myeloid cells and macrophages (MC&M) resides in the tumor microenvironment, requiring multiplexed detection systems for visualization. Here we report an automated, multiplexed staining approach, named PLEXODY, that consists of five MC&M-related fluorescently-tagged antibodies (anti - CD68, - CD163, - CD206, - CD11b, and - CD11c), and three chromogenic antibodies, reactive with high- and low-molecular weight cytokeratins and CD3, highlighting tumor regions, benign glands and T cells. The staining prototype and image analysis methods which include a pixel/area-based quantification were developed using tissues from inflamed colon and tonsil and revealed a unique tissue-specific composition of 14 MC&M-associated pixel classes. As a proof-of-principle, PLEXODY was applied to three cases of pancreatic, prostate and renal cancers. Across digital images from these cancer types we observed 10 MC&M-associated pixel classes at frequencies greater than 3%. Cases revealed higher frequencies of single positive compared to multi-color pixels and a high abundance of CD68+/CD163+ and CD68+/CD163+/CD206+ pixels. Significantly more CD68+ and CD163+ vs. CD11b+ and CD11c+ pixels were in direct contact with tumor cells and T cells. While the greatest percentage (~70%) of CD68+ and CD163+ pixels was 0-20 microns away from tumor and T cell borders, CD11b+ and CD11c+ pixels were detected up to 240 microns away from tumor/T cell masks. Together, these data demonstrate significant differences in densities and spatial organization of MC&M-associated pixel classes, but surprising similarities between the three cancer types.
[Comparison of hydroxyl radical production rates in H2O2 solution under homogeneous catalysis of Fe3+ or Fe2+]. (2006)

The production of *OH radicals was investigated by using the electron spin resonance (ESR) method with 5,5-dimethyl-1-lpyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) as spin trap reagent. ESR signals composed of 4 lines with a 1:2:2:1 intensity ratio indicated the formation of *OH radicals in the Fenton-like reaction. For both systems, the production rates of hydroxyl radicals in the initial stage were considerably high, and increased with increasing concentrations of H2O2 and Fe2+ or Fe3+. However, the radical production rate in Fenton reaction system was markedly higher than that in Fenton-like reaction under similar dosing conditions. The differences of radical production rates between the reaction systems remained even in the slow reaction stage. The optimum pH ranges of the production of *OH radicals in Fenton process and Fenton-like process were 2.5 to approximately 3.5 and 2.8 to approximately 3.0 respectively. The above results demonstrate that the Fenton system and Fenton-like system are possibly based on different reaction mechanisms.
Comparative proteomics analysis of teleost intermuscular bones and ribs provides insight into their development (2017)

Our present study suggested the different key proteins involved in the composition of fish ribs and IBs as well as their growth development. These findings could provide important clues towards further understanding of fish skeletal system and the roles of proteins playing in regulating diverse biological processes in fish.
Non-monopolizable caches (2012)

We propose a flexibly-partitioned cache design that either drastically weakens or completely eliminates cache-based side channel attacks. The proposed Non-Monopolizable (NoMo) cache dynamically reserves cache lines for active threads and prevents other co-executing threads from evicting reserved lines. Unreserved lines remain available for dynamic sharing among threads. NoMo requires only simple modifications to the cache replacement logic, making it straightforward to adopt. It requires no software support enabling it to automatically protect pre-existing binaries. NoMo results in performance degradation of about 1% on average. We demonstrate that NoMo can provide strong security guarantees for the AES and Blowfish encryption algorithms.
Load profiling: a methodology for scheduling real-time tasks in a distributed system (2002)

Traditionally, the goal of load management protocols for distributed systems has been to ensure that nodes are equally loaded. We show that for real time systems, load balancing is not desirable since it results in the available bandwidth being distributed equally amongst all nodes-in effect making all nodes in the system capable of offering almost the same bandwidth (e.g., in cycles per second) to incoming tasks. We show that this "one size fits all" practice leads to a higher rate of missed deadlines as incoming tasks may be denied service because they require bandwidth that cannot be granted at any single node-while plenty of fragmented bandwidth is collectively available in the system. We propose a new load profiling strategy that allows the nodes of a distributed system to be unequally loaded so as to maximize the chances of finding a node that would satisfy the computational needs of incoming real time tasks. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated via simulation, and is contrasted to other dynamic scheduling protocols for real time distributed systems.
Covalently Functionalized Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Combine High Sensitivity and Selectivity in the Electrical Detection of Small Molecules (2013)

Atom-thick materials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene exhibit ultrahigh sensitivity to chemical perturbation partly because all of the constituent atoms are surface atoms. However, low selectivity due to nonspecific binding on the graphitic surface is a challenging issue to many applications including chemical sensing. Here, we demonstrated simultaneous attainment of high sensitivity and selectivity in thin-film field effect transistors (TFTs) based on outer-wall selectively functionalized double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). With carboxylic acid functionalized DWCNT TFTs, we obtained excellent gate modulation (on/off ratio as high as 4000) with relatively high ON currents at a CNT areal density as low as 35 ng/cm(2). The devices displayed an NH(3) sensitivity of 60 nM (or ~1 ppb), which is comparable to small molecule aqueous solution detection using state-of-the-art SWCNT TFT sensors while concomitantly achieving 6000 times higher chemical selectivity toward a variety of amine-containing analyte molecules over that of other small molecules. These results highlight the potential of using covalently functionalized double-walled carbon nanotubes for simultaneous ultrahigh selective and sensitive detection of chemicals and illustrate some of the structural advantages of this double-wall materials strategy to nanoelectronics.
Hippo signaling in organ size control (2007)

The control of organ (or organism) size is a fundamental aspect of life that has long captured human imagination. What makes an elephant grow a million times larger than a mouse? How do our two hands develop independently of each other yet reach very similar size? How does a liver precisely regenerate its original mass when two-thirds of it is removed? The recent discovery of a novel signaling network in Drosophila, known as the Hippo (Hpo) pathway, might provide an important entry point to these fascinating questions. The Hpo pathway consists of several negative growth regulators acting in a kinase cascade that ultimately phosphorylates and inactivates Yorkie (Yki), a transcriptional coactivator that positively regulates cell growth, survival, and proliferation. Components of the Hpo pathway are highly conserved throughout evolution, suggesting that this pathway may function as a global regulator of tissue homeostasis in all metazoan animals. Here, I provide a historical review of this potent growth-regulatory pathway and highlight outstanding questions that will likely be the focus of future investigation.
The Characterization of High-Critical-Temperature Ceramic Superconductors by Vibrational Spectroscopy (1990)

The high-T c superconducting ceramics have been extensively investigated by Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Some of the k = 0 phonons of the La 2– x M x CuO 4 ( M = Sr, Ba), MBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ , (MBCO), Bi-(Ca,Sr)-Cu-O, Tl-(Ba,Sr)-Ca-Cu-O, Pb-Sr- Ln-Ca-Cu-O, and Ba 1– x K x BiO 3 (BKB) systems have been observed, and assignments made. The Raman measurements on single crystals have provided the more enlightening results, inasmuch as assignments are facilitated by the use of polarization techniques. Assignments have also been aided by oxygen stoichiometry experiments, substitution of rare earth cations for Y 3+ in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ , low-temperature measurements, and isotopic studies. Infrared studies and assignments for the Bi, Tl, Pb, and BKB superconductors are lacking. Many of the zone-center phonons for each of the high-T c materials (particularly those for non-totally-symmetric modes) remain undetected. Additionally, some disagreement in assignments (Raman and IR) persists, even for the more extensively studied La 2– x M x CuO 4 and MBCO superconductors.
Deploying License-Free Wireless Wide-Area Networks (2003)

From the Publisher:
A real-world guide to designing and implementing license-free wireless WANs
Master wireless design and installation principles, while learning how to avoid the pitfalls
Save money by avoiding the high recurring monthly costs of leasing traditional broadband links
Learn to evaluate and select wireless networking equipment
Understand how to provide reliable and profitable broadband wireless Internet access service


Deploying License-Free Wireless Wide-Area Networks is a real-world planning and implementation guide for readers who do not possess wireless knowledge or experience. This book guides corporate IT professionals and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) through the challenges of understanding, designing, deploying, and utilizing their own license-free, cost-efficient, broadband wireless wide-area networks.
The book starts with the planning stages of wireless deployment, identifying the challenges and advantages of WWANs while introducing readers to the fundamentals of wireless technology. Next, network architecture options are presented in a comparative analysis. Deploying License-Free Wireless Wide-Area Networks then delves into the details of license-free wireless, from antennae systems to site surveys to selecting equipment, and then deals with installation, testing, and noise mitigation. An appendix provides a how-to and real-world WISP case study.
Regiospecific electrophilic substitution of aminoquinazolinones: directed lithiation of 3-(pivaloylamino)- and 3-(acetylamino)-2-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones (1995)

The 2-methyl group in 3-(pivaloylamino)- and in 3-(acetylamino)-2-methyIquinazolin-4(3H)-ones has been lithiated with butyllithium. The lithium reagents thus obtained react with a variety of electrophiles (benzophenone, methyl iodide, D2O, cyclohexanone, acetophenone, phenyl isocyanate) to give the corresponding substituted derivatives in very good yields. The amide group has been cleaved in good yield under basic conditions for one model case to provide convenient access to 3-amino-2-ethylquinazolin-4(3H)- one. The NMR spectra of the 2-substituted 3-acylaminoquinazolin-4(3H)-ones show diastereotopism of the CH2 group at position 2.
Gifting Technologies : Ethnographic Studies of End-users and Social Media Sharing (2008)

This thesis explores what dimensions that can be used to describe and compare the sociotechnical practice of content contribution in online sharing networks. Data was collected through online ethnographical methods, focusing on end-users in three large media sharing networks. The method includes forum message elicitation, online interviews, and application use and observation. Gift-giving was used as an applied theoretical framework and the data was analyzed by theory-informed thematic analysis. The results of the analysis recount four interrelated themes: what kind of content is given; to whom is it given; how is it given; and why is it given? The five papers in this thesis covers the four themes accordingly: Paper I presents the research area and proposes some initial gifting dimensions that are developed over the following papers. Paper II proposes a model for identifying conflicts of interest that arise for end-users when considering different types of potential receivers. Paper III presents five analytical dimensions for representing how online content is given. The dimensions are: direction (private-public); identification (anonymous-identified); initiative (active-passive); incentive (voluntary-enforced); and limitation (open-restricted). Paper IV investigates photosharing practices and reveals how social metadata, attached to media objects, are included in sharing practices. The final paper further explores how end-users draw on social metadata to communicate bonding intentions when gifting media content. A general methodological contribution is the utilization of sociotechnical conflicts as units of analysis. These conflicts prove helpful in predicting, postulating and researching end-user innovation and conflict coordination. It is suggested that the conflicts also provide potent ways for interaction design and systems development to take end-user concerns and intentions on board.