gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute activation of Erk1/Erk2 and protein kinase B/akt proceed by independent pathways in multiple cell types (2005)

We used two inhibitors of the signaling enzyme phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K), wortmannin and LY294002, to evaluate the potential involvement of PtdIns3K in the activation of the MAP kinases (MAPK), Erk1 and Erk2. In dose-response studies carried out on six different cell lines and a primary cell culture, we analyzed the ability of the inhibitors to block phosphorylation of protein kinase B/akt (PKB/akt) at Ser473 as a measure of PtdIns3K activity, or the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 at activating Thr/Tyr sites as a measure of the extent of activation of MAPK/Erk kinase (MEK/Erk). In three different hemopoietic cell lines stimulated with cytokines, and in HEK293 cells, stimulated with serum, either wortmannin or LY294002, but never both, could partially block phosphorylation of Erks. The same observations were made in a B-cell line and in primary fibroblasts. In only one cell type, the A20 B cells, was there a closer correlation between the PtdIns3K inhibition by both inhibitors, and their corresponding effects on Erk phosphorylation. However, this stands out as an exception that gives clues to the mechanism by which cross-talk might occur. In all other cells, acute activation of the pathway leading to Erk phosphorylation could proceed independently of PtdIns3K activation. In a biological assay comparing these two pathways, the ability of LY294002 and the MEK inhibitor, U0126, to induce apoptosis were tested. Whereas LY294002 caused death of cytokine-dependent hemopoietic cells, U0126 had little effect, but both inhibitors together had a synergistic effect. The data show that these two pathways are regulating very different downstream events involved in cell survival.
Simulation of one-dimensional ring quantum interference transistors using the time-dependent finite-difference beam propagation method (2000)

A time-dependent finite-difference beam propagation method is presented to analyze quantum interference transistor (QUIT) structures, employing the Aharonov–Bohm effect, in both steady state and transient conditions. Current–voltage characteristics of two ring structures having 0.2 and 0.05 μm channel lengths, respectively, are presented. Additionally, the wave functions are calculated, and reflections are observed in both the ON and OFF states of the device. Cutoff frequency fT values of 3 and 8.5 THz, respectively, are calculated from the switching response to a gate pulse of 200 fs, for the 0.2 μm device, and to a pulse of 50 fs, for the 0.05 μm device. Results indicate that reflections at the drain may degrade frequency performance of these devices, which is not evident from earlier analytical studies. These structures are further explored to investigate the effects of imperfections introduced in fabricating the quantum wire channels. We compare two QUITs, one realized by a 1 nm resolution lithography process (representing an advanced fabrication technique) and the other realized by a 10 nm resolution (representing current state-of-the-art lithography). We also present an asymmetric 10 nm resolution structure, to represent the case when errors in fabrication significantly alter the QUIT topology. This simulation shows strong dependence of the electron transmission probability on the channel topology and roughness determined by the lithographic resolution.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Combined Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis and <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Type b Vaccine in Young Infants (1993)

The DTP-HbOC vaccine was safe and immunogenic in young infants and was generally more immunogenic than separate vaccination with DTP and HbOC. The use of such a combined vaccine reduces the number of injections given to young infants by half and is an important step toward improving vaccine delivery.
Synthesis of racemic phytosphingosine and the lyxo isomer (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of racemic phytosphingosine and the lyxo isomerKeiiti Sisido, Noriyuki Hirowatari, and Tyuzo IsidaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 11, 3539–3544Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01263a068https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01263a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 17-bit over-sampling D/A conversion technology using multi-stage noise shaping (1988)

In this paper, a DIA conversion LSI technology utilizing MASH bit compression technology and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) analog output generation technology with the same accuracy range, will be reported.
Prospecting for Zones of Contaminated Ground‐Water Discharge to Streams Using Btottom‐Sediment Gas Bubbles (1991)

Abstract Decomposition of organic‐rich bottom sediment in a tidal creek in Maryland results in production of gas bubbles in the bottom sediment during summer and fall. In areas where volatile organic contaminants discharge from ground water, through the bottom sediment, and into the creek, part of the volatile contamination diffuses into the gas bubbles and is released to the atmosphere by ebullition. Collection and analysis of gas bubbles for their volatile organic contaminant content indicate that relative concentrations of the volatile organic contaminants in the gas bubbles are substantially higher in areas where the same contaminants occur in the ground water that discharges to the streams. Analyses of the bubbles located an area of previously unknown ground‐water contamination. The method developed for this study consisted of disturbing the bottom sediment to release gas bubbles, and then capturing the bubbles in a polyethylene bag at the water‐column surface. The captured gas was transferred either into sealable polyethylene bags for immediate analysis with a photoionization detector or by syringe to glass tubes containing wires coated with an activated‐carbon adsorbent. Relative concentrations were determined by mass spectral analysis for chloroform and trichloroethylene.
High-speed calculation of the critical paths of large networks (1967)

During an investigation of several project network techniques for their applicability to the effective description of business problems, it became evident that more efficient computer programs than those currently available could be written for large networks. Heretofore, critical-path computations have been divided into several phases. The experimental program described here employs a one-phase calculation procedure that eliminates much of the preprocessing of input data required by other methods and therefore achieves faster calculation speed. Written for the IBM 7090, the program calculates the critical path as well as early and late start times for large project networks without requiring the storage of intermediate results on magnetic tape. A formal descriptive language is used to describe the basic algorithm, first at a functional level and then at a machine-dependent level.
41.3: <i>Invited Paper:</i> LED Backlighting Concepts with High Flux LEDs (2004)

Abstract An overview is presented of three concepts for LCD Backlighting based on high flux, high power LEDs. The trade‐offs for the different concepts for different applications are discussed. Several recent results are presented as well. For the concepts using Red, Green and Blue (RGB) LEDs calculations are presented that address the comparison of RGB LED Backlighting with CCFL Backlighting and quantifies the trade‐off between colour filter (CF) transmission and colour gamut for both types of light source. It is concluded that RGB LED based backlighting gives typically 30% more NTSC coverage for the same CF transmission or alternatively 32–40% higher CF transmission for the same colour gamut. For side‐emitting LEDs calculations are presented that clarify how to optimize uncoupling of the light into a light guide. For the Luxeon‐Direct concept [2] new experimental results are presented for a 23 inch backlight based on two RGB light sources. The results show the dependence of the brightness profile on the spacing between the two light sources and indicate how this design parameter can be used for optimizing the performance in an actual backlight design. For the same concept new results on color uniformity as a function of LED to LED pitch are discussed.
Modeling spin-crossover compounds by periodic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>DFT</mml:mtext><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mtext>U</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>approach (2008)

The electronic properties of two spin-crossover compounds, namely, $\text{Fe}{(\text{phen})}_{2}{(\text{NCS})}_{2}$ and $\text{Fe}{(\text{btr})}_{2}{(\text{NCS})}_{2}{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$, are studied with the $\text{GGA}+\text{U}$ method taking explicitly into account the periodicity of the crystal. The magnetic state of the iron atom (low spin or high spin), which is strongly coupled to the lattice structure, depends on the chosen value for the parameter $U$ and the total energies of various spin states varying linearly on the $U$ parameter, each with a different slope. The adiabatic energy difference between the low and high spin states is in good agreement with the experiment for $U=2.5\text{ }\text{eV}$.
Improved cloning vectors for Bifidobacterium spp. (1998)

The recombinant plasmids pDLI41, pDGA7 and pDCO7 were constructed by cloning in pDG7, a vector based on Bifidobacterium longum replicon pMB1, the following heterologous genes: Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase, Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase and Streptomyces sp. cholesterol oxidase. The hybrid plasmids efficiently transformed Bifidobacterium belonging to five different species. A novel Escherichia coli-Bifidobacterium set of shuttle vectors based on the replicon pMB1 (pLF5, pCLJ15, pSPEC1) featuring chloramphenicol, erythromycin and spectinomycin resistance genetic determinants as selection marker for bifidobacteria, was developed. The plasmid pTRE3, a derivative of pLF5, was the smallest (2.8 kb) Bifidobacterium vector, possessed a convenient multicloning site and presented high structural and segregational stability.
The Effects of Three Modalities on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (1994)

Delayed onset muscle soreness is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to test the impact of therapeutic massage, upper body ergometry, or microcurrent electrical stimulation on muscle soreness and force deficits evident following a high-intensity eccentric exercise bout. Forty untrained, volunteer female subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups or to a control group. Exercise consisted of high-intensity eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors. Resistance was reduced as subjects fatigued, until they reached exhaustion. Soreness rating was determined using a visual analog scale. Force deficits were determined by measures of maximal voluntary isometric contraction at 90 degrees of elbow flexion and peak torque for elbow flexion at 60 degrees/sec on a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction and peak torque were determined at the 0 hour (before exercise) and again at 24 and 48 hours postexercise. Treatments were applied immediately following exercise and again at 24 hours after exercise. The control group subjects rested following their exercise bout. Statistical analysis showed significant increases in soreness rating and significant decreases in force generated when the 0 hour was compared with 24- and 48-hour measures. Further analysis indicated no statistically significant differences between massage, microcurrent electrical stimulation, upper body ergometry, and control groups.
Correlation between substratum roughness and wettability, cell adhesion, and cell migration (1997)

Cell adhesion and spreading of chick embryo vascular and corneal explants grown on rough and smooth poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were analyzed to test the cell response specificity to substratum surface properties. Different degrees of roughness were obtained by sand-blasting PMMA with alumina grains. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic components of the surface free energy (SFE) were calculated according to Good-van Oss's model. Contact angles were determined using a computerized angle meter. The apolar component of the SFE gamma s(LW), increased with a slight roughness whereas the basic component, gamma s-, decreased. The acido-basic properties disappeared as roughness increased. Incubation of PMMA in culture medium, performed to test the influence if the biological environment, allowed surface adsorption of medium proteins which annihilated roughness effect and restored hydrophilic properties. An organotypic culture assay was carried out in an attempt to relate the biocompatibility to substratum surface state. Cell migration was calculated from the area of cell layer. Cellular adhesion was determined by measuring the kinetic of release of enzymatically dissociated cells. A slight roughness raised the migration are to an upper extent no matter which cell type. Enhancement of the cell adhesion potential was related to the degree of roughness and the hydrophobicity.
The Future of Object-Oriented Programming. (1993)

On the basis of these results, we think that CT is a good diagnostic test for local recurrence in patients with rectal cancer and APR.
Flow Pattern and Void Fraction of Refrigerant Two-Phase Flow in a Horizontal Pipe (1983)

冷媒R12およびR22を用いて中高圧領域における気液二相流の流動様式を観察し,ボイド率を測定した.その結果,流動様式は物性値補正項を修正した修正BAKER線図上によく整理できることがわかった.ボイド率の測定は締切法によったが,同一条件で締切速度を変えて実験を行ったところ,2個の弁の締切同時性さえ保たれていればボイド率の測定は締切速度に依存しないことが明らかになった.
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated expression of a human γ-globin gene in human progenitor-derived erythroid cells (1995)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Identification and Characterization of βV Spectrin, a Mammalian Ortholog of Drosophila βHSpectrin (2000)

Four mammalian beta-spectrin genes are currently recognized, all encode proteins of approximately 240-280,000 M(r) and display 17 triple helical homologous approximately 106-residue repeat units. In Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans, a variant beta spectrin with unusual properties has been recognized. Termed beta heavy (beta(H)), this spectrin contains 30 spectrin repeats, has a molecular weight in excess of 400,000, and associates with the apical domain of polarized epithelia. We have cloned and characterized from a human retina cDNA library a mammalian ortholog of Drosophila beta(H) spectrin, and in accord with standard spectrin naming conventions we term this new mammalian spectrin beta 5 (betaV). The gene for human betaV spectrin (HUBSPECV) is on chromosome 15q21. The 11, 722-nucleotide cDNA of betaV spectrin is generated from 68 exons and is predicted to encode a protein with a molecular weight of 416,960. Like its fly counterpart, the derived amino acid sequence of this unusual mammalian spectrin displays 30 spectrin repeats, a modestly conserved actin-binding domain, a conserved membrane association domain 1, a conserved self-association domain, and a pleckstrin homology domain near its COOH terminus. Its putative ankyrin-binding domain is poorly conserved and may be inactive. These structural features suggest that betaV spectrin is likely to form heterodimers and oligomers with alpha spectrin and to interact directly with cellular membranes. Unlike its Drosophila ortholog, betaV spectrin does not contain an SH3 domain but displays in repeat 5 a 45-residue insertion that displays 42% identity to amino acids 85-115 of the E4 protein of type 75 human papilloma virus. Human betaV spectrin is expressed at low levels in many tissues. By indirect immunofluorescence, it is detected prominently in the outer segments of photoreceptor rods and cones and in the basolateral membrane and cytosol of gastric epithelial cells. Unlike its Drosophila ortholog, a distinct apical distribution of betaV spectrin is inapparent in the epithelial cell populations examined, although it is confined to the outer segments of photoreceptor cells. The complete cDNA sequence of human betaV spectrin is available from GenBank(TM) as accession number.
The chemistry of .alpha.-silyl carbonyl compounds. 12. A synthesis of 4-oxo carboxylic acids, 4-oxo aldehydes, and 1,4-diketones from .gamma.-lactones (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe chemistry of .alpha.-silyl carbonyl compounds. 12. A synthesis of 4-oxo carboxylic acids, 4-oxo aldehydes, and 1,4-diketones from .gamma.-lactonesRosa M. Betancourt de Perez, Lelia M. Fuentes, Gerald L. Larson, Charles L. Barnes, and Mary Jane HeegCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 11, 2039–2043Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00361a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00361a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views504Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Safety profile and efficacy of botulinum toxin A (Dysport) in children with muscle spasticity (2001)

Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is widely used in the management of muscle spasticity in children. However, at present the dose of BTX-A for a given patient is selected empirically. The aim of this study is to provide dosage guidelines that are based on risk/benefit assessment. This was a multicentre retrospective study of the safety profile and efficacy of BTX-A in children with chronic muscle spasticity. Data in 758 patients who received a total of 1594 treatments were analysed (mean age 7.2 years; 429 males, 329 females). Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) was the most common diagnosis (94% of the study sample). Of all treatments 7% resulted in adverse events; incidence was related to the total dose rather than the dose calculated on the basis of body weight. The highest incidence of adverse events was observed in patients who received >1000 IU of BTX-A per treatment session. The odds of an adverse event was 5.1 times greater for this group of patients than for those who had 250 IU or less (p<0.001). A good overall response to treatment was reported in 82% and treatment goals were fully or partially achieved in 3% and 94% of participants respectively. More patients in the highest dose group reported functional deterioration. Interestingly, multilevel treatments resulted in a better response than single-level treatments (odds ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.2,p=0.001).
Inverse discrete cosine transform architecture exploiting sparseness and symmetry properties (2006)

In this paper, a novel architecture for two-dimensional (2-D) inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) is implemented using 90-nm CMOS technology. By exploiting the sparseness property of a 2-D discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficient matrix and the even and odd symmetry properties of the basis vectors of the one-dimensional (I-D) DCT, the proposed architecture reduces computational complexity and increases a throughput rate effectively. First, we derive a recursion equation from the definition of the 2-D IDCT algorithm and use it to design an efficient 2-D IDCT architecture. The proposed architecture consisting of processing elements is suitable for very-large-scale-integration implementation due to its highly regular and scalable structure for 2-D N /spl times/ N IDCT computations. Based on the derived recursion equation, we show how data How for the outer products scaled by only nonzero 2-D DCT coefficients performs 2-D IDCT naturally with low complexities of the controller and the interconnection. The proposed architecture based on the recursion equation provides optimum balance in both hardware complexity and throughput rate when compared with other 2-D IDCT architectures.
plasmids and Host-range in Rhizobium leguminosarum and Rhizobium phaseoli (1980)

Rhizobium phaseoli strain 1233 forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on Phaseolus vulgaris and produces a brown pigment (probably melanin) in plate culture. This strain contains two plasmids of molecular weight about 200 × 106. Spontaneous deletions in the smaller plasmid abolished pigment production and the ability to nodulate Phaseolus beans, suggesting that genes involved in the determination of both these phenotypes are on this plasmid. The conjugative Rhizobium leguminosarum plasmid pJB5JI, which carries genes that determine the ability to nodulate peas, was transferred from R. leguminosarum strain T3 into R. phaseoli strain 1233. The majority (about 97%) of transconjugants produced pigment and nodulated both peas and Phaseolus beans poorly. The others (about 3%) had received not only pJB5JI but also an extra plasmid present in strain T3 and they had lost the seller of the two plasmids of R. phaseoli strain 1233, suggesting incompatibility between the plasmid transferred from T3 and that lost from the recipient. These strains did not produce pigment nor did they form nitrogen-fixing nodules on Phaseolus beans, but they nodulated peas as well as did R. leguminosarum strain T3. Most (about 96%) of the bacteria isolated from nodules following inoculation of peas by the pigmented transconjugants failed to produce pigment. These strains contained the larger plasmid from strain 1233, and pJB5JI, but not the smaller plasmid of strain 1233; they behaved like R. leguminosarum in inducing profuse nitrogen-fixing nodules on peas. The few pigment-producing bacteria isolated from pea nodules had suffered a deletion in the smaller plasmid of strain 1233; they nodulated peas poorly but could not form nitrogen-fixing nodules on Phaseolus beans.