gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS OF CAPILLARY PRESSURE AND RELATIVE PERMEABILITY HYSTERESIS (2001)

Capillary pressure and relative permeability hysteresis have been investigated on core samples with different wetting characteristics. The relative permeability and capillary pressure curves depend on the direction of saturation changes and on the maximum and minimum achieved saturations. A conceptual model to explain the hysteresis trends in both the relative permeability and capillary pressure is presented. The model attributes hysteresis to a combination of 1) trapping of one phase by another, 2) contact angle hysteresis and 3) the wettability change of parts of the pore space after contact with crude oil. In the literature there is a lack of a complete and consistent physical model to describe the hysteresis phenomenon due mainly to the fact that experimental data is rather scarce. Most of the available data is for water-wet systems. Therefore, there is a need for measurements done on non-water-wet systems. The data presented in this paper is measured on core samples of different wettability, i.e., water-wet and non-water-wet core samples. The measurements have been carried out on both carbonate and sandstone core material using Centrifuge, Steady State, CAPRICI and Pc-probe techniques. The experimental data show that there is significant hysteresis in the capillary pressure between primary drainage, primary imbibition and secondary drainage curves especially for non-water-wet samples. Moreover, for non-water wet samples, the bounding imbibition (i.e., primary imbibition) and secondary drainage Pc curves do not form a closed hysteresis loop. This is observed in both the bounding and scanning curves. We also found that water relative permeability curves exhibited either very little or no hysteresis at all except when considerable part of the pore space became oil-wet. On the other hand, oil relative permeability curves showed strong hysteresis between the primary drainage and primary imbibition curves for all wetting status, with very little hysteresis thereafter except for mixed to oil-wet plugs. Experimental data suggests that while contact angle hysteresis has a profound effect on capillary pressure hysteresis, it hardly affects relative permeability hysteresis. 1.
Characterization of Changes in LDO Susceptibility After Electrical Stress (2013)

The low dropout voltage regulator (LDO) is very sensitive to electromagnetic interference (EMI) coupled onto the power supply, with concomitant output voltage offset. Most electromagnetic compatibility analyses of the LDO do not account for the effects of ageing. However, device ageing can degrade the physical parameters of semiconductor devices and can worsen the effect of EMI. This paper analyses the drift in LDO immunity after accelerated ageing. A large number of measurements that show the variations in the test results for dc characteristic, impedance, and immunity reveal increasing susceptibility after electrical accelerated ageing.
Image-based memes as sentiment predictors (2017)

This paper explores the correlation between the implied semantic meaning of image-based memes and the textual content of discussions in social media. The behavior of a meme is also distinctive as memes replicate and mutate, similar to genes in human evolution, during propagation in social media networks. This research focuses on the use of sentiment analysis to discover affective meanings of textual comments in social media that are emphasized by the use of memes. Social media provides an interesting challenge in the field of semantic textual analysis due to the prevalence of slang within casual communications. The research supports that the affective nature of a topic in social media can be emphasized by the type of meme applied to the communication. It is the relationship between the unusual multimedia element - the meme - and social media textual communications at motivate the research. In addition to identifying correlations between text and memes, trends in the use of popular memes are also identified. This research successfully demonstrated that memes are used to emphasize the semantic content in social media communications and that the meanings of memes correlate to the topics of the discussion threads.
Reflection, Transmission, and Excitation of Plane Waves (2019)

When a sound wave strikes a surface (an interface between two substances), a reflected wave, or echo, results whose nature depends on the characteristics of the surface and of the adjoining substances.
THE HYDROLYSIS OF PROPIONITRILE IN CONCENTRATED HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTIONS (1942)

The hydrolysis of propionitrile has been studied in aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions from 0.5 to 10 N and over a range of temperatures at six acid concentrations. The rate of hydrolysis as measured by ammonia formation is dependent upon the decomposition of the intermediate amide at acid concentrations above 4 N. The system represented by nitrile [Formula: see text] amide [Formula: see text] acid affords a good example of consecutive, irreversible unimolecular reactions over the complete range [Formula: see text] (below 4 N) to [Formula: see text] (above 11 N). A marked increase in rate with increasing acid concentration is accounted for in large measure by a decrease in observed activation energy of 6.7 Cal. over the range 1 to 10 N.
User plane security alternatives in the 3G evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (e‐MBMS) (2008)

Abstract The 3GPP architecture includes the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) to provide efficient broadcast and multicast services. In the 3GPP long‐term evolution, the evolved MBMS (e‐MBMS) architecture is currently being standardized. Unlike MBMS, the new e‐MBMS architecture explicitly raises, as additional security requirement, the protection of the IP multicast user plane. Currently proposed e‐MBMS security architectures “limit” themselves to suggest the deployment of Group Security Associations (GSA). In this paper, we start by discussing that, on one side, GSA might not be a sufficiently secure solution in the long run, and on the other side GSA integration within the e‐MBMS architecture might not be as straightforward as it might appear. The point made in this paper is that there are sound alternatives to GSA if the goal is to deploy a short‐term solution with basically no impact on the current e‐MBMS architecture. In particular, we propose to adopt a Secure Multicast Overlay (SMO) approach. To prove the straightforward implementation of SMO we describe how a proof‐of‐concept test‐bed over public domain linux routers. Moreover, a functional comparison between GSA and SMO leads us to the following conclusions: (i) not only SMO provides the same level of security of GSA, but also it achieves a reduced risk of denial of service attacks; (ii) SMO has significant advantages over GSA in terms of impact on the architecture and on device requirements; (iii) security association management and key management in GSA has a greater impact on the performance achievable than in the case of SMO. We believe that these advantages outweigh the performance penalties due to overlay networking overhead. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance and carcass traits of feeder calves scored for muscling, frame size, and condition (1981)

Calves with different USDA frame sizes had similar carcass composition and quality when slaughtered within the recommended weight range for their frame size. Large-framed calves had higher dressing percentages and gained faster than medium- or small-framed calves. Condition score appeared more useful than muscling score to characterize calves' performance and carcass traits. Calves thin at weaning had poorer performance, lower marbling scores, less fat, and higher retail product percentages than calves in medium or fat condition at weaning. Medium condition calves gained faster, had less fat, higher retail product percentages, and lower marbling scores than fat calves. Calves with large frame, thick muscle, and medium condition scores performed best in the feedlot and produced more desirable carcasses.
Modelling of VLSI semiconductor manufacturing processes (1989)

The manufacture of complex integrated circuits demanded by present-day system designers requires the assembly of a large number of interacting process steps. Many of these process steps cannot be chosen without considering the effect of the other steps involved in the manufacturing process. A great deal of understanding of the basic physical principles must be employed before a successful manufacturing process can be defined. The optimisation of the steps and their timely introduction to enable the device to enter the marketplace dictates that an efficient means of predicting the impact of a particular recipe must be employed. This review surveys the various physical principles that underly the processing steps, highlights some of the anomalous behaviour that occurs and describes the tools currently available to help the process physicist design diffusion, oxidation, ion implantation, deposition and photo-lithographic routines. An example of the use of these tools, and an indication of forthcoming developments, will be given.
Voltage-induced recovery of dielectric breakdown (high current resistance switching) in HfO2 (2011)

Metal/HfO2/Pt stacks (where the metal is Au, Ag, Co, Ni, Cr, or In) are voltage stressed to induce a high-to-low resistive transition. No current compliance is applied during stressing (except the 100 mA limit of the voltage source). As a consequence very high conductance states are reached after switching, similar to a hard breakdown. Samples conductance after breakdown can reach up to 0.1 S, depending on the metal electrode. Despite the high postbreakdown conductance level, the samples are able to recover an insulating state by further voltage biasing (“high current resistance switching”).
Using image synthesis for multi-channel registration of different image modalities (2015)

This paper presents a multi-channel approach for performing registration between magnetic resonance (MR) images with different modalities. In general, a multi-channel registration cannot be used when the moving and target images do not have analogous modalities. In this work, we address this limitation by using a random forest regression technique to synthesize the missing modalities from the available ones. This allows a single channel registration between two different modalities to be converted into a multi-channel registration with two mono-modal channels. To validate our approach, two openly available registration algorithms and five cost functions were used to compare the label transfer accuracy of the registration with (and without) our multi-channel synthesis approach. Our results show that the proposed method produced statistically significant improvements in registration accuracy (at an <i>α</i> level of 0.001) for both algorithms and all cost functions when compared to a standard multi-modal registration using the same algorithms with mutual information.
Guide to AERO2S and WINGDES Computer Codes for Prediction and Minimization of Drag Due to Lift (1997)

The computer codes, AER02S and WINGDES, are now widely used for the analysis and design of airplane lifting surfaces under conditions that tend to induce flow separation. These codes have undergone continued development to provide additional capabilities since the introduction of the original versions over a decade ago. This code development has been reported in a variety of publications (NASA technical papers, NASA contractor reports, and society journals). Some modifications have not been publicized at all. Users of these codes have suggested the desirability of combining in a single document the descriptions of the code development, an outline of the features of each code, and suggestions for effective code usage. This report is intended to supply that need.
2007 State of the Universe Address (2007)

This position paper summarizes recent developments related to the Universe type system and suggests directions for future work. 1. Universe Type System The Universe type system is an ownership type system that enforces the owner-as-modifier discipline. In this section, we summarize recent developments and suggest future work to improve the expressiveness and formal foundation. 1.1 Expressiveness The Gang-of-Four design patterns are common design idioms for object-oriented programs. In [16], we compare how Ownership Types, Ownership Domains, and Universe Types handle these patterns. Based on this experience, we extended the Universe type system to support generics and ownership transfer.
A naive mid-level concept-based fusion approach to violence detection in Hollywood movies (2013)

In this paper we approach the issue of violence detection in typical Hollywood productions. Given the high variability in appearance of violent scenes in movies, training a classifier to predict violent frames directly from visual or/and auditory features seems rather difficult. Instead, we propose a different perspective that relies on fusing mid-level concept predictions that are inferred from low-level features. This is achieved by employing a bank of multi-layer perceptron classifiers featuring a dropout training scheme. Experimental validation conducted in the context of the Violent Scenes Detection task of the MediaEval 2012 Multimedia Benchmark Evaluation show the potential of this approach that ranked first among 34 other submissions in terms of precision and F1-score.
DPLL bit synchronizer with rapid acquisition using adaptive Kalman filtering techniques (1994)

A second-order DPLL with time-varying loop gains is applied to the symbol synchronization of burst mode data signals. An algorithm to control the DPLL loop gains is derived from adaptive Kalman filtering theory. Simulation results for the variable gain DPLL compared to a fixed gain DPLL demonstrate the improved acquisition performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Broadband video switching (1989)

A broadband 64*16 space-switching approach and its applicability to large-scale broadband switching systems are described. The design uses a technique that prevents the parasitic capacitances from reducing the switching speed. The switching system was implemented in 3- mu m CMOS VLSI and operated in excess of 150 Mb/s. Computer simulation indicates a 1-Gb/s potential with a 1- mu m CMOS implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of Fuel Slosh upon the Effectiveness of Nitrogen Inerting for Aircraft Fuel Tanks (1971)

Tests were conducted to determine the influence of sloshing fuel within an aircraft fuel tank upon the effectiveness of nitrogen inerting. These tests were performed in a closed combustion chamber partially filled with JP-8 fuel. The fuel was severely agitated by a rocking motion of the chamber. The flammability of the tank ullage at various concentrations of air, nitrogen, and fuel vapor was tested by exposure to an electric arc. The sloshing fuel did not alter the maximum concentration of oxygen that could be allowed for inerting of all fuel vapor concentrations. For JP-8 fuel vapor exposed to an electric arc this maximum allowable oxygen concentration was found to be 12% by volume. Slosh did extend the flammable region for oxygen concentrations greater than the maximum allowable for inerting. These conclusions, it is believed, are valid for any mode or level of fuel agitation that may be experienced by aircraft fuel tanks.
Common Sequence Polymorphisms Shaping Genetic Diversity in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2007)

The genomes of individuals from the same species vary in sequence as a result of different evolutionary processes. To examine the patterns of, and the forces shaping, sequence variation in Arabidopsis thaliana, we performed high-density array resequencing of 20 diverse strains (accessions). More than 1 million nonredundant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at moderate false discovery rates (FDRs), and approximately 4% of the genome was identified as being highly dissimilar or deleted relative to the reference genome sequence. Patterns of polymorphism are highly nonrandom among gene families, with genes mediating interaction with the biotic environment having exceptional polymorphism levels. At the chromosomal scale, regional variation in polymorphism was readily apparent. A scan for recent selective sweeps revealed several candidate regions, including a notable example in which almost all variation was removed in a 500-kilobase window. Analyzing the polymorphisms we describe in larger sets of accessions will enable a detailed understanding of forces shaping population-wide sequence variation in A. thaliana.
High-rate stormwater clarification with polymeric flocculant addition (2005)

Treatment of urban stormwater by clarification, with flocculant addition, was studied in Toronto, Canada using a pilot-scale clarifier with removable lamellar plates. Almost 90 stormwater runoff events were characterised at the study site and found fairly polluted. The previous research phase indicated good treatability of this stormwater by lamellar clarification with flocculant addition (total suspended solids, TSS, removal of 84%, at a surface load of 15 m/h), but there were concerns about cleaning plates after storm events. With the aid of numerical modelling, hydraulic improvements to the clarifier inlet zone were retrofitted in 2004 and permitted the removal of the lamellar pack without a loss in treatment efficiency. In the modified clarifier, a cationic polymeric flocculant dosage of 4 mg/L with conventional clarification provided a TSS removal of 77%, at surface loads up to 43 m/h. The use of the polymer did not increase the acute toxicity of the treated effluent. The clarifier sludge was severely polluted by several heavy metals and would require special disposal. The treatment process tested could be well applied in projects requiring intensive stormwater treatment at compact sites.
Hemin-induced transcriptional activation of the HSP70 gene during erythroid maturation in K562 cells is due to a heat shock factor-mediated stress response. (1989)

Hemin-induced differentiation of the human erythroleukemia cell line K562 results in the expression and accumulation of erythroid-specific gene products such as embryonic and fetal hemoglobins and the elevated synthesis of the major heat shock protein HSP70. This activity was suggested to represent activation of a heat shock gene during erythroid maturation independent of stress induction. In this study, we demonstrate that hemin induces the transcription of two members of the human HSP70 gene family, HSP70 and GRP78 (BiP). However, the induction of HSP70 by hemin showed characteristics consistent with the molecular events associated with a heat shock or stress response. The increase in HSP70 gene transcription was accompanied by induction of the stress-induced form of the heat shock transcription factor. Moreover, a heat shock element was required for the hemin responsiveness of chimeric heat shock promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes transiently expressed in transfected K562 cells.
The Structural Basis for the Integrity of Adenovirus Ad3 Dodecahedron (2012)

During the viral life cycle adenoviruses produce excess capsid proteins. Human adenovirus serotype 3 (Ad3) synthesizes predominantly an excess of free pentons, the complexes of pentameric penton base and trimeric fiber proteins, which are responsible for virus penetration. In infected cells Ad3 pentons spontaneously assemble into dodecahedral virus-like nano-particles containing twelve pentons. They also form in insect cells during expression in the baculovirus system. Similarly, in the absence of fiber protein dodecahedric particles built of 12 penton base pentamers can be produced. Both kinds of dodecahedra show remarkable efficiency of intracellular penetration and can be engineered to deliver several millions of foreign cargo molecules to a single target cell. For this reason, they are of great interest as a delivery vector. In order to successfully manipulate this potential vector for drug and/or gene delivery, an understanding of the molecular basis of vector assembly and integrity is critical. Crystallographic data in conjunction with site-directed mutagenesis and biochemical analysis provide a model for the molecular determinants of dodecamer particle assembly and the requirements for stability. The 3.8 Å crystal structure of Ad3 penton base dodecamer (Dd) shows that the dodecahedric structure is stabilized by strand-swapping between neighboring penton base molecules. Such N-terminal strand-swapping does not occur for Dd of Ad2, a serotype which does not form Dd under physiological conditions. This unique stabilization of the Ad3 dodecamer is controlled by residues 59-61 located at the site of strand switching, the residues involved in putative salt bridges between pentamers and by the disordered N-terminus (residues 1-47), as confirmed by site directed mutagenesis and biochemical analysis of mutant and wild type protein. We also provide evidence that the distal N-terminal residues are externally exposed and available for attaching cargo.
Differences in Metabolism of Sulfonamides Predisposing to Idiosyncratic Toxicity (1986)

Individual differences in metabolism of the sulfonamides may predispose patients to idiosyncratic reactions. Sulfonamides are metabolized by N-acetylation (mediated by a genetically polymorphic enzyme) and oxidation to potentially toxic metabolites. We examined 6 patients who had severe reactions to sulfonamides and compared them with 20 controls. Acetylator phenotype was determined with caffeine, a safe in-vivo probe of enzyme activity. All 6 patients were slow acetylators (expected, 55%; p less than 0.05). Detoxification of oxidative metabolites was studied in vitro with a lymphocyte assay evaluating cell death from metabolites generated by a murine hepatic microsomal system. Cells from each patient showed increased toxicity from sulfonamide metabolites but not from the drugs themselves. Cells from parents of 3 patients had intermediate toxicity from sulfonamide metabolites, whereas cells from a sibling of 1 patient had a normal response. Susceptibility to sulfonamide reactions may be due to interaction of metabolic pathways, possibly under genetic control, regulating N-acetylation and specific detoxification of toxic metabolites of the drugs.