gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postproliferative transcription of the rat osteocalcin gene is reflected by vitamin D-responsive developmental modifications in protein-DNA interactions at basal and enhancer promoter elements. (1993)

In the osteocalcin (OC) gene promoter, both independent positive and negative regulatory elements, as well as others with contiguous [TATA/glucocorticoid-responsive elements (GRE)] or overlapping [TATA/GRE, vitamin D-responsive enhancer elements (VDRE)/AP-1, and OC box/AP-1] domains, are sites for modifications in protein-DNA interactions. In the present studies, we have examined nuclear protein extracts from fetal rat calvarial cells that undergo a developmental sequence of bone cell differentiation. Our results demonstrate modifications in protein-DNA interactions that relate to the developmental stages of the osteoblast and support developmental regulation of OC gene transcription. Basal expression of the OC gene is associated with sequence-specific protein-DNA interactions at the OC box, VDRE, and TATA/GRE box. Distinct differences are observed in proliferating osteoblasts, where the OC gene is not transcribed compared to postproliferative, differentiated osteoblasts that transcribe the OC gene. Furthermore, the protein-DNA complexes that reflect hormonal control are also developmentally regulated, mediating both the transcriptionally active and repressed states of the OC gene. For example, in proliferating osteoblasts, a vitamin D receptor-antibody-sensitive complex is formed that is different from the DNA binding complex induced by vitamin D postproliferatively when the OC gene is transcribed. Mutational analysis of the steroid hormone binding domain and the overlapping AP-1 site at the VDRE supports mutually exclusive occupancy by Fos-Jun heterodimers and vitamin D receptor. Such protein-DNA interactions at the VDRE are consistent with repression of competency for vitamin D-mediated transcriptional enhancement in proliferating osteoblasts expressing high levels of Fos and Jun.
New directions in federal laboratory partnerships with industry (1998)

United States federal laboratories are facing substantial changes in their political, technical, and budgetary environments. Industrial partnering is widely seen as an important strategy for managing these changes and seeking new roles. This study examines new and interesting approaches to industrial partnering being used by selected federal laboratories. Interviews were conducted with senior staff and managers at eight federal laboratories belonging to three federal departments: Energy, Defense, and Commerce. New approaches were identified and analyzed, and the potential for their broader application was assessed.
Detection of ultrasonic Lamb waves in composite plates using optical-fibres (2002)

This paper presents experimental results for a new condition monitoring system that uses a combination of piezoelectric and fibre-optic technologies as the active and passive elements respectively. Composite plate samples have been manufactured containing two groups of optical-fibres (typically four strands per group) embedded across the length of the plate. Polyimide coated 4/125 /spl mu/m single-mode glass fibre has been utilised and connected to a portable 633 nm Mach-Zehnder fibre interferometer for signal demodulation and subsequent data acquisition. For this present work, 1-3 connectivity piezocomposite transducers have been used to generate a known Lamb wave within carbon fibre reinforced composite plate (CFRP) structures. The S/sub 0/ mode was selected due to the relatively large in-plane motion and low dispersion characteristics. Results using both externally surface bonded fibres and embedded fibres are presented, for a range of defective plates. Defects ranging from 1 mm diameter holes through to significant delaminations have been detected at an ultrasonic operating frequency of 285 kHz.
The Zinc Transporter SLC39A13/ZIP13 Is Required for Connective Tissue Development; Its Involvement in BMP/TGF-β Signaling Pathways (2008)

Hence, our results reveal a crucial role of SLC39A13/ZIP13 in connective tissue development at least in part due to its involvement in the BMP/TGF-beta signaling pathways. The Slc39a13-KO mouse represents a novel animal model linking zinc metabolism, BMP/TGF-beta signaling and connective tissue dysfunction.
Leaching of Pt, Pd and Rh from Automotive Catalyst Residue in Various Chloride Based Solutions (2006)

Platinum-group metals (PGM) are important precious metals in many industrial fields. However, their natural resource deposits are strictly limited. Accordingly, their recycling process from wastes and/or secondary resources must be considered. In this study, the leaching of PGM from automotive catalyst residue was performed based on the formation of their chloro-complexes in various concentration of acidic solution. The recovery of platinum, palladium and rhodium from the samples after hydrogen reduction pretreatments was examined in the leaching process by using a mild solution mixture of NaClO–HCl and H2O2 at 65°C for 3 h. Effect of other solution mixtures on the extraction of the precious metals was also compared with NaClO–HCl–H2O2, such as HCl–H2O2 and NaClO–HCl. The optimum condition to dissolve platinum, palladium and rhodium was achieved by the mixture of 3 vol% NaClO, 5 kmol·m−3 HCl and addition of 1 vol% H2O2. The recovery of platinum, palladium and rhodium after 3 h leaching reaches 88%, 99%, 77%, respectively.
Purification and Characterization of Human Microsomal Dipeptidase (1989)

Human microsomal dipeptidase (MDP, formerly referred to as dehydropeptidase-I or renal dipeptidase) [EC 3.4.13.11] was solubilized from the membrane fraction of kidney by treatment with octyl-beta-D-glucoside and purified by a procedure including ion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on cilastatin-immobilized Sepharose. The purified human MDP was found to be homogeneous on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The apparent molecular weight (Mr) was estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions to be 130 kDa, comprising a homodimer of two subunits. After treatment with endoglycosidase F, human MDP showed a single band with an apparent Mr of 42 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Human MDP was found to bind to Con A-Sepharose and the activity was eluted with methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, suggesting that human MDP is a glycoprotein. We also examined the substrate specificity of human MDP and found that human MDP catalyzed the hydrolysis of S(substituent)-L-cysteinyl-glycine adducts such as L-cystinyl-bis(glycine) and S-N-ethylmaleimide-L-cysteinyl-glycine, as well as the conversion of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4. These results suggest that MDP might play an important role in the metabolism of glutathione and leukotriene.
Sorbent therapy of the porphyrias. IV. Adsorption of porphyrins by sorbents in vitro. (1985)

The adsorption capacities (Qm's) of the ion exchange resin cholestyramine and 8 activated charcoals for uroporphyrin, protoporphyrin and coproporphyrin, porphyrins that accumulate within tissues or vasculature in certain porphyrias, have been determined. Qm's (mg porphyrin/gm dry sorbent) were derived from Langmuir isotherms, which were constructed from experiments that assessed the amount of porphyrin adsorbed after the addition of varying amounts of porphyrin in solution to a constant amount of sorbent. These experiments were carried out at pH 8.2 in 0.5% desoxycholate, to simulate conditions of the small intestine. For uroporphyrin I, the Qm for Amoco Supersorb PX-21 highly activated charcoal was greater than that for cholestyramine (mean +/- SD of 26.5 +/- 12.7 vs. 17.0 +/- 2.6; t'32 = 2.46, P less than 0.025) and highly significantly greater than those of the other charcoals. For protoporphyrin IX, cholestyramine and Amoco Supersorb PX-21 charcoal had the highest Qm's (32.4 +/- 8.6 and 30.9 +/- 9.2), but these were not significantly greater than the Qm's of 5 other charcoals. Little difference was found among sorbents in the rate of adsorption of either porphyrin. For coproporphyrin III, the Qm's of cholestyramine and Amoco Supersorb PX-21 charcoal were not significantly different (39.2 +/- 13.7 vs. 35.1 +/- 4.0) but they were greater than that of Norit USP XX (20.0). Virtually no desorption of porphyrin from either cholestyramine or Amoco Supersorb PX-21 charcoal was detected. Both cholestyramine and Amoco Supersorb PX-21 charcoal appear to be highly avid sorbents for porphyrins of varied states of carboxylation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Elimination Of Mask-Induced Defects With Vote-Taking Lithography (1986)

The problem of ensuring adequately low density of defects in lithographic masks is becoming increasingly serious as circuit patterns become denser and more extensive. This paper discusses a radically alternative strategy to eliminate the effect of random defects on reticles. In this method, a number of reticle fields containing nominally identical patterns are aligned and exposed in sequence at the same site, each with an equal fraction of the nominal exposure dose. The optical intensity distribution impinging on the resist is the sum of the aerial images from these exposures. As a result, a random defect unique to a single reticle field affects only a minor part of the total exposure. The effect of this exposure deviation can then be minimized with an adequate resist contrast and a properly adjusted exposure dose. With the lithographic tools and resist process technology presently available, gross reticle defects can generally be reduced to minor distortions in the resultant features. A series of experiments have been performed with Shipley Microposit 1470 photoresist exposed with an Ultratech 900 1x wafer stepper, and demonstrated the feasibility of this technique. The effects of misalignment among fields, resist contrast, exposure dose, and defect size and type have been studied in particular. A novel etching process that permits the electrical detection of defects due to photolithography alone is being used to evaluate the effectiveness of this vote-taking scheme in VLSI patterning, and has demonstrated its capability of eliminating mask-induced defects, and no noticeable loss of lithographic yield when defect-free masks are used.
Immunoselected STRO-3+ mesenchymal precursor cells reduce inflammation and improve clinical outcomes in a large animal model of monoarthritis (2017)

The results of this study have demonstrated the capacity of IV-administered MPCs to mitigate the clinical signs and some of the inflammatory mediators responsible for joint tissue destruction in a large animal model of monoarthritis.
Active Oxygen Species and Structure Specificity of Antipsoriatic Anthrones (1988)

Abstract Twenty‐one analogues of the antipsoriatic compound dithranol were tested for their capability to produce 1 O 2 and O 2 .‐ . A correlation was found between the production of active oxygen species and the minimum structure for the antipsoriatic activity of anthrone derivatives. The ability of the anthrones to sensitize the formation of 1 O 2 is a function of the deprotonated hydroxyl group at C‐1 associated with the carbonyl group at C‐9 of the anthracene molecule; the CH 2 ‐moiety at C‐10 initiates the formation of free radicals and is responsible for the production of O 2 .‐ , which is prevented by substitution of the hydrogen atoms at C‐10. Since only the active compounds dithranol, chrysarobin, frangulaemodin‐anthrone and aloeemodin‐anthrone produce 1 O 2 as well as O 2 .‐ , the therapeutic effectiveness of the anthrones appears to be due to both active oxygen species.
Morphological characteristics of Porphyra collected from Hua Hin, Thailand (2006)

Rotavirus is a major cause of infantile gastroenteritis worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying fluid and electrolyte secretion associated with diarrhea remain largely unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that loss of Cl(-) into the luminal contents during rotavirus infection may be caused by a dysfunction in the chloride absorptive capacity across the intestinal brush-border membrane (BBM). The luminal Cl(-) concentrations in the entire small intestine of young rabbits infected with lapine rotavirus decreased at 1 and 2 days postinfection (dpi), indicating net Cl(-) absorption. At 7 dpi, luminal Cl(-) concentrations were slightly increased, indicating a moderate net Cl(-) secretion. By using a rapid filtration technique, (36)Cl uptake across BBM was quantified by modulating the alkali-metal ion, electrical, chloride, and/or proton gradients. Rotavirus infection caused an identical, 127% +/- 24% increase in all Cl(-) uptake activities (Cl(-)/H(+) symport, Cl(-) conductance, and Cl(-)/anion exchange) observed across the intestinal BBM. The rotavirus activating effects on the symporter started at 1 dpi and persisted up to 7 dpi. Kinetic analyses revealed that rotavirus selectively affected the capacity parameter characterizing the symporter. We report the novel observation that rotavirus infection stimulated the Cl(-) reabsorption process across the intestinal BBM. We propose that the massive Cl(-) reabsorption in villi could partly overwhelm chloride secretion in crypt cells, which possibly increases during rotavirus diarrhea, the resulting imbalance leading to a moderate net chloride secretion.
A Bayesian Method for Transformer Life Estimation Using Perks' Hazard Function (2006)

This paper introduces PJM Interconnection's new method to model and predict transformers' service lives. A simplified Perks' equation is used to model the hazard rates, which will be used synonymously with retirement rates in this paper, of transmission transformers. A Bayesian Method is used to model the uncertainty in the three parameters of Perks' equation. This method is different from the traditional Iowa Curve method in that: 1) it gives a continuous family of transformer life distributions as well as the extinction likelihoods, rather than a limited number of distribution patterns and 2) a closed-form distribution can also be deduced with only three parameters, which can assume all the three distribution patterns of Iowa Curves: right, left, and symmetrically modal. The method has been successfully applied to the statistics on hundreds of large electric transformers in PJM. Example problems are provided and solved with this new method
Server-assisted generation of a strong secret from a password (2002)

A roaming user, who accesses a network front different client terminals, can be supported by a credentials server that authenticates the user by password then assists in launching a secure environment for the user. However, traditional credentials server designs are vulnerable to exhaustive password guessing attack at the server. We describe a credentials server model and supporting protocol that overcomes that deficiency. The protocol provides for securely generating a strong secret from a weak secret (password), based on communications exchanges with two or more independent servers. The result can be leveraged in various ways, for example, the strong secret can be used to decrypt an encrypted private key or it can be used in strongly authenticating to an application server. The protocol has the properties that a would-be attacker cannot feasibly complete the strong secret and has only a limited opportunity to guess the password, even if he or she has access to all messages and has control over some, but not all, of the servers.
Estimation of Shrinkage with Creep Effects on R.C. Multi-storey Buildings in Accordance with the Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Concrete 2004 (2012)

The problem of cracking in concrete floor structures due to shrinkage and creep is common in reinforced concrete construction, especially in floor structures of long spans and/or under strong lateral restraints. The Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2004 of Hong Kong hasprovisions to account for the effects. Formulation of the 1-dimensional problem based on floor structures simulated as hinged bar members under restraints has been carried out by Liu et al. (2006). This paper adopts similar principle and derives a detailed approach to calculate stress in single storey single bay floor structures to the Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2004 that can be simply worked out by hand calculations or simple spreadsheets. Design charts for general use have also been prepared. Furthermore, the authors have also extended the approach to multi-storey and multi-bay structures. Rapid decrease in stresses in the upper storeys in normal multi-storey buildings has been identified and discussed. Demonstration that stress due to shrinkage and creep of floor structures in multi-storey structures can be conservatively estimated by prepared charts for single storey single bay floor structures has also been carried out.
Immune therapy in autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review (2015)

We have reviewed the literature of immune therapy in autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies to cell surface antigens including N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated protein-1 (LGI1), contactin-associated protein-2 (Caspr2), the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), γ-aminobutyric acid-A receptor (GABAAR), γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor (GABABR), Glycine R and other rarer antigens. Most studies are retrospective cohorts, and there are no randomised controlled trials. Most clinicians use first-line therapy (steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange), and if severe or refractory, second-line therapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide). When present, tumours should be removed. There are common therapeutic themes emerging. Firstly, patients given immune therapy do better and relapse less than patients given no treatment. Secondly, patients given early treatment do better. And thirdly, when patients fail first-line therapy, second-line therapy improves outcomes and reduces relapses. Given the retrospective uncontrolled data, the literature has inherent bias, including severity and reporting bias.
Commercial e-commerce servers and enterprise application integration: a case-based comparison of Net.Commerce and Site Server Commerce (2005)

With the growing importance of e-commerce, commercially available e-commerce servers are increasingly gaining ground. We have tested some of these products, and report our experience with two of the most commonly implemented products, IBM's Net.Commerce (NC) and Microsoft's Site Server Commerce (SSC) Edition. After a short description of the two systems, we introduce the case of the shoe wholesaler Rohde, for which prototypes of both systems have been implemented and investigated. The case is a business-to-business study; but the findings are also applicable to the business-to-consumer segment. The Rohde specific comparison investigates the implementation appropriateness and feasibility of both systems in the light of Rohde's business requirements. It focuses on the integration of the servers with the installed back-end system (ERP). We have found that this integration was way more complicated than the commercials lead us to believe at first. In general building enterprise applications by customization of packaged software systems reemphasizes the trade-off between ease of customization versus ability to express the actual business model in terms of these software systems. Our findings are summarized and directions for further research are given in the concluding section.
Fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer for the observation of Berry's topological phase (2000)

Few experiments have been reported for the observation of Berry’s phase for the photon. This may be due to the difficulty of configuring suitable experiments. We start by repeating previous work on the observation of the optical activity of a helically wound fiber coil in the transmissive mode, but then we go on to demonstrate that when the light is reflected back through the same coil from a mirrored surface, it cancels this optical activity. We also report on a new experimental configuration in which a helical fiber coil is built into the loop of a Sagnac interferometer. The changes in Berry’s phase acquired by the two counterpropagating beams can be varied by stretching the coil with the result that fringes are produced at the output. One of the major benefits of this experimental setup is that it enables observations of Berry’s phase to be made for light in any state of polarization.
Topology error identification using normalized Lagrange multipliers (1998)

This paper introduces a method for topology error identification based on the use of normalized Lagrange multipliers. The proposed methodology models circuit breakers as network switching branches whose statuses are treated as operational constraints in the state estimation problem. The corresponding Lagrange multipliers are then normalized and used as a tool for topology error identification, in the same fashion as measurement normalized residuals are conventionally employed for analog bad data processing. Results of tests performed with the proposed algorithm for different types of topology errors are reported.
A comparison of commercial enzymes for the aqueous enzymatic extraction of corn oil from corn germ (2004)

Abstract An aqueous enzymatic method was developed to extract corn oil from corn germ. The basic steps in the method involved “churning” the corn germ with various enzymes and buffer for 4 h at 50°C, and an additional 16 h at 65°C, followed by centrifugation and removal of the oil layer from the surface. No hexane or other organic solvents are used in this process. By using oven‐dried corn germ samples (6 g) from a commercial corn wet mill, corn oil yields of about 80% were achieved using three different commercial cellulases. A fourfold scale‐up of the method (to 24 g of germ) resulted in oil yields of about 90%. Nine other commercial enzymes were evaluated and resulted in significant but lower oil yields. In the absence of enzymes, oil yields of 27 to 37% were achieved. The chemical compositions of hexane‐extracted vs. aqueous enzymatic‐extracted corn oils were very similar.
Oxidant-induced cell death in retinal pigment epithelium cells mediated through the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (2003)

In the present study, the pathways involved in oxidant-induced cell death of a primary cell of the retina, ARPE-19, were investigated and compared with a leukemic cell, U937 cells. Both ARPE-19 and U937 cells exhibited similar viability when exposed to menadione. At lethal doses, both cell lines demonstrated extensive membrane blebbing. However, although U937 cells exhibited caspase-3, -9 PARP cleavage and 200 bp laddering, no such cleavage or laddering was noted in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, addition of exogenous cytochrome c and ATP to a cell-free system again resulted in cleavage of caspase-3 and -9 in extracts of U937 but not ARPE cells. Further studies in ARPE-19 cells undergoing menadione-induced cell death demonstrated mitochondrial membrane depolarization, release of cytochrome c, nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor and subsequent 50 kilo-base pair laddering, and nuclear shrinkage. All of these findings were abrogated by the pretreatment of ARPE-19 cells with hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor. These findings demonstrate the complex nature of cell death in primary cells of the retina and highlight the role of caspase-independent signals, growth factors and intracellular survival factors in programmed cell death pathways.