gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The excitation of UHF signals by partial discharges in GIS (1996)

The fundamental theory of the UHF method for detecting partial discharge (PD) in gas insulated substations (GIS) is presented. The effects of position, size, current amplitude and pulse shape of the PD source on the UHF signal can be predicted using this theory. Excitation of propagating electromagnetic waves by a PD current pulse within the coaxial waveguides formed by GIS components is explained by making use of dyadic Green's functions for the electric fields of propagating modes. Experiments with a coaxial test chamber are used to verify the theoretical predictions, and comparisons are made between measured and simulated UHF signals. Some implications for the UHF measurement of PD are discussed, together with positioning and sensitivity requirements for UHF couplers. A scheme is proposed for standardizing PD measurements made using the UHF technique.
A 0.11 μm CMOS clocked comparator for high-speed serial communications (2004)

A differential comparator targeted at receiving 40 Gb/s signals and operating off a single 1.2 V supply was designed and fabricated in 0.11 /spl mu/m CMOS. It comprises a front-end sampler and a regenerative stage with a clocked buffer to achieve a narrow aperture time and a high toggle rate. The regenerative stage output buffer employs an impedance modulation technique based on switching of feedback gain to reduce the reset time while keeping the effective gain high. We confirmed comparator operation with BER less than 10/sup -12/ up to 32 Gb/s at a toggle rate of 8 GHz.
Chemoimmunotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ and class I- tumours: Effects of CBM-4A potentiated with IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF and genetically modified tumour vaccines. (2003)

The effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and recombinant IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, or genetically modified, cytokine-producing tumour vaccines was examined in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ (TC-1), and MHC class I- (MK16) tumours. Intraperitoneal treatment of TC-1 or MK16 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A produced a significant tumour-inhibitory effect. When the i.p. treatment of the MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2, IL-12, or both cytokines, the growth of TC1 tumours was inhibited more vigorously than after the chemotherapy alone. In contrast, when the i.p. treatment ofEthe MHC class I- MK16 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 or IL-12, the cytokine therapy had no potentiating effect. The only potentiating effect of the MK16 tumour immunotherapy was obtained when the i.p. CBM-4A pretreatment was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 plus IL-12. InEfurther experiments, the TC-1 and MK16 tumour-bearing mice were i.p. pretreated with CBM-4A and then injected s.c., peritumorally, with genetically modified, IL-2 or GM-CSF-producing MK16 tumour vaccines. Whereas both genetically modified tumour vaccines produced a substantial tumour-inhibitory effect in mice carrying TC-1 tumours, no effect of the vaccines was observed in mice carrying MK16 tumour inocula. The systemic effects of local cytokine treatment were examined in mice carrying s.c. MK16 neoplasms, which were pretreated i.p. with CBM-4A, and then injected peritumorally with IL-2 or GM-CSF. Peritumoral administration of GM-CSF had no antimetastatic effect, whereas peritumoral IL-2 administration produced substantial reduction of lung metastases. The systemic antimetastatic effect of IL-2 contrasted with the negligible effect of IL-2 on the s.c. MK16 tumour inoculum. Taken collectively, the results indicate that in mice carrying the MK16 (MHC class I-) tumour, the effects of the adjuvant cytokine therapy were substantially weaker than in mice carrying the TC-1 (MHC class I+) tumour inoculum.
Anti-inflammatory ingredients. (2008)

There is a growing public awareness and concern among individuals regarding the condition of their skin, with a concomitant desire to use natural products to treat skin conditions. The increased interest in these products has spurred scientific and clinical studies evaluating the composition and clinical usefulness of natural products in the treatment of inflammatory skin dermatoses. There are numerous natural ingredients that have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties that make formulations containing these ingredients attractive treatment options. This article summarizes the active ingredients, anti-inflammatory properties, clinical effects, and therapeutic potential of colloidal oatmeal, feverfew, licorice, aloe vera, chamomile, and turmeric. Potential therapeutic indications include erythema induced by ultraviolet light, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, sensitive and irritated skin, drug-induced skin eruptions, and psoriasis. These products may be particularly well suited as alternatives to pharmacologic therapies in chronic conditions for which long-term use is required.
Characterization of a new counterflow burner and operation with vaporized liquid heptane (2011)

A characterization of counter-flow nonpremixed flames was performed using stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV) to measure the velocity field at multiple planes. The SPIV measurements were performed in methane flames. Additionally, a liquid fuel vaporization system was created to allow the use of fuels naturally at a liquid state to be used undiluted in a counter-flow burner. The system was tested with n-heptane. The system refinement process and n-heptane flame pictures are presented.
Magnetic Generation of a Group of Harmonics* (1937)

A harmonic generator circuit is described which produces a number of harmonics simultaneously at substantially uniform amplitudes by means of a non-linear coil. Generators of this type have been used for the supply of carrier currents to multi-channel carrier telephone systems, for the synchronization carrier frequencies in radio transmitters, and for frequency comparison and standardization. A simple physical picture of the action of the circuit has been derived from an approximate mathematical analysis. The principal roles of the non-linear coil may be regarded as fixing the amount of charge, and timing the charge and discharge of a condenser in series with the resistance load. By suitably proportioning the capacity, the load resistance, and the saturation inductance of the non-linear coil, the amplitudes of the harmonics may be made to approximate uniformity over a wide frequency range. The sharply peaked current pulse developed by condenser discharge passes through the non-linear coil in its saturated state and so contributes nothing to the eddy current loss in the core. In this way the efficiency of frequency transformation is maintained at a comparatively high value for the harmonics in a wide frequency band, even with small core structures. The theory has also been adequate in establishing a basis for design, and in evaluating the effects of extraneous input components.
Autonomous Assistance-as-Needed Control of a Lower Limb Exoskeleton With Guaranteed Stability (2020)

The use of exoskeletons for clinical lower-limb stroke rehabilitation offers the potential of improved and customized rehabilitation that reduces the requirements and demands placed on multiple staff members. Initial research with lower-limb exoskeletons show potential to alleviate this problem. Conventional assistance-based exoskeleton devices simply enforce the desired gait trajectory for the patient in order to ensure safety and stability. Unfortunately, if the end-user does not have to work to contribute to successful motion, rehabilitation often does not occur. Recent evidence has suggested that assistance-as-needed control prevents users from slacking, facilitating functional motor recovery. Assistance-as-needed control turns off assistive torques during periods when the patient is able to execute a desired gait pattern but if the patients gait deviates sufficiently from a desired trajectory then assistive torques are generated to compensate for the patients loss of strength. This strategy encourages the patient to contribute effort while still enabling the exoskeleton to guide movements. Assistance-as-needed control inherently leads to aperiodic gait patterns and has accordingly been difficult to employ in lower-limb exoskeletons due to the need to ensure stability. This work demonstrates how virtual constraint control-a method with robust stability properties used in prostheses and assistive exoskeletons control-can be combined with a velocity-modulated deadzone to ensure stability. Simulations suggest that the method can accommodate a large deadzone while remaining stable across a range of unanticipated gait pathologies, as demonstrated using Lorenz mappings that can accommodate the aperiodic nature of the resulting gait.
Breast Reduction with Short L Scar (1990)

I didactically compared the breast as a glandular cone with an envelope of skin and subcutaneous tissue. The aesthetic alterations of the breast are classified in four groups related to form, to volume, to grams, and to ptosis in centimeters. An imaginary plane that passes by the mammary sulcus (plane A) will determine the area of the breast that is ptotic. The projection of this plane in the anterior part of the breast is called point A. The distance between point A and the nipple will give in centimeters the amount of ptosis. I use this distance to draw geometrically in the breast the amount of excess of skin to be removed to correct the ptosis. In group I, the volume is normal and part of the mammary gland is under plane A. In this type of breast, the skin is resected, and since there is no excess of breast tissue, the breast that is under plane A is used as an inferior pedicle flap to give a better volume to the new breast. In group II, the base of the breast is large, the height is normal, and the volume is increased by the enlargement of the base. In this type of breast, the excess of breast under plane A and a wedge under the nipple are resected to reach the normal volume at the end of the surgery. In group III, the base is normal and the volume of the breast is increased by the height. For treatment, I resect the excess of breast under plane A as well as a segment at the base to reduce its height. In group IV, the volume of the breast is increased by the size of the base and the height of the cone, and I treat by resection of the excess of tissue under the ptotic area, a wedge under the areola, and a transversal segment in the base to reduce all the dimensions. In the final result of this technique in the majority of patients I will obtain a short scar. This technique was used in 1083 patients from January of 1979 to May of 1988.
Four generations of transition-state analogues for human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (2010)

Inhibition of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) stops growth of activated T-cells and the formation of 6-oxypurine bases, making it a target for leukemia, autoimmune disorders, and gout. Four generations of ribocation transition-state mimics bound to PNP are structurally characterized. Immucillin-H (K*i(1/4) 58 pM, first generation)contains an iminoribitol cation with four asymmetric carbons. DADMe-Immucillin-H (K*i(1/4) 9 pM, second-generation),uses a methylene-bridged dihydroxypyrrolidine cation with twoasymmetric centers.DATMe-Immucillin-H (K*i(1/4)9 pM, third-generation) contains an open-chain amino alcohol cation with two asymmetric carbons. SerMe-ImmH (K*i(1/4) 5 pM, fourth-generation) uses achiral dihydroxyaminoalcohol seramide as the ribocation mimic. Crystal structures of PNPs establish features of tight binding to be; 1) ion-pair formation between bound phosphate (or its mimic) and inhibitor cation, 2) leaving-group interactions to N1, O6, and N7 of 9-deazahypoxanthine, 3) interaction between phosphate and inhibitor hydroxyl groups, and 4) His257 interacting with the 5'-hydroxyl group. The first generation analogue is an imperfect fit to the catalytic site with a long ion pair distance between the iminoribitol and bound phosphate and weaker interactions to the leaving group. Increasing the ribocation to leaving-group distance in the second- to fourth-generation analogues provides powerful binding interactions and a facile synthetic route to powerful inhibitors. Despite chemical diversity in the four generations of transition-state analogues, the catalytic site geometry is almost the same for all analogues. Multiple solutions in transition-state analogue design are available to convert the energy of catalytic rate enhancement to binding energy in human PNP.
Wireless charging system of mobile handset using metamaterial-based cavity resonator (2012)

A metamterial-based cavity resonator using artificial magnetic conductor surfaces is presented and applied to realize a wireless charging system of mobile handset. This wireless charging system demonstrates the advantages of broad bandwidth, small size, long transmitting range, high transferring efficiency and EMI-free feature. The holistic architecture of wireless charging system for a smartphone is established to experimentally validate the usefulness of the metamaterial cavity resonator.
Neuroplasticity in addiction: cellular and transcriptional perspectives (2012)

Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder which consists of compulsive patterns of drug-seeking and taking that occurs at the expense of other activities. The transition from casual to compulsive drug use and the enduring propensity to relapse is thought to be underpinned by long-lasting neuroadaptations in specific brain circuitry, analogous to those that underlie long-term memory formation. Research spanning the last two decades has made great progress in identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to drug-induced changes in plasticity and behavior. Alterations in synaptic transmission within the mesocorticolimbic and corticostriatal pathways, and changes in the transcriptional potential of cells by epigenetic mechanisms are two important means by which drugs of abuse can induce lasting changes in behavior. In this review we provide a summary of more recent research that has furthered our understanding of drug-induced neuroplastic changes both at the level of the synapse, and on a transcriptional level, and how these changes may relate to the human disease of addiction.
History, Applications, and Mechanisms of Deep Brain Stimulation (2012)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective surgical treatment for medication-refractory hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders, and it is being explored for a variety of other neurological and psychiatric diseases. Deep brain stimulation has been Food and Drug Administration-approved for essential tremor and Parkinson disease and has a humanitarian device exemption for dystonia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurostimulation is the fruit of decades of both technical and scientific advances in the field of basic neuroscience and functional neurosurgery. Despite the clinical success of DBS, the therapeutic mechanism of DBS remains under debate. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive review of DBS focusing on movement disorders, including the historical evolution of the technique, applications and outcomes with an overview of the most pertinent literature, current views on mechanisms of stimulation, and description of hardware and programming techniques. We conclude with a discussion of future developments in neurostimulation.
Isotopically sensitive branching in the formation of cyclic monoterpenes: proof that (-)-.alpha.-pinene and (-)-.beta.-pinene are synthesized by the same monoterpene cyclase via deprotonation of a common intermediate (1987)

To determine whether the bicyclic monoterpene olefins (-)-alpha-pinene and (-)-beta-pinene arise biosynthetically from the same monoterpene cyclase by alternate deprotonations of a common carbocationic intermediate, the product distributions arising from the acyclic precursor [10-2H3,1-3H]geranyl pyrophosphate were compared with those resulting from incubation of [1-3H]geranyl pyrophosphate with (-)-pinene cyclase from Salvia officinalis. Alteration in proportions of the olefinic products generated by the partially purified pinene cyclase resulted from the suppression of the formation of (-)-beta-pinene (C10 deprotonation) by a primary deuterium isotope effect with a compensating stimulation of the formation of (-)-alpha-pinene (C4 deprotonation). (-)-Pinene cyclase as well as (+)-pinene cyclase also exhibited a decrease in the proportion of the acyclic olefin myrcene generated from the deuteriated substrate, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the commitment to cyclized products. The observation of isotopically sensitive branching, in conjunction with quantitation of the magnitude of the secondary deuterium isotope effect on the overall rate of product formation by the (+)- and (-)-pinene cyclases as well as two other monoterpene cyclases from the same tissue, supports the biosynthetic origin of (-)-alpha-pinene and (-)-beta-pinene by alternative deprotonations of a common enzymatic intermediate. A biogenetic scheme consistent with these results is presented, and alternate proposals for the origin of the pinenes are addressed.
Synthesis, resolution and absolute configuration determination of (S)- and (R)-4-formyl-5-hydroxy [2.2]paracyclophane and its application in the asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids (1995)

Racemic (R,S)-4-formyl-5-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane (FHPC) was resolved into enantiomers via its Schiff's base with (S)- and (R)-α-phenylethylamine (α-PEAM) and its absolute configuration was determined by an X-ray diffraction structural study. Scalemic FHPC or its derivatives can be used as chiral auxiliaries for the asymmetric synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids and α-methylphenylalanine with ees ranging mostly from 45 to 98%.
A SIMD Parallelization Method for an Application for LSI Logic Simulation (2012)

This paper proposes and evaluates a SIMD parallelization method for an application for LSI logic simulation. The proposal method converts a net list into a parallel and distributed program code so as to make the code SIMD parallelized. As experiments to evaluate our proposal method, tasks in SIMD arithmetic logical units on Cell/B.E., and we measure that elapsed time. In the results of experiments, over 80% tasks are SIMD parallelized and the program with a shuffle instruction and a SIMD instruction reduces computation time by over 90%.
An Outbreak of Tuberculosis Caused by Multiple-Drug-resistant Tubercle Bacilli among Patients with HIV Infection (1992)

Nosocomial transmission of M. tuberculosis from other HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis caused by multiple-drug-resistant bacilli can occur. These findings have serious public health implications and demand strict adherence to acid-fast bacilli isolation precautions.
Accurate and Fast Iris Segmentation (2010)

A novel iris segmentation approach for noisy iris is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach comprises of specular reflection removal, pupil localization, iris localization and eyelid localization. Reflection map computation is devised to get the reflection ROI of eye image using adaptive threshold technique. Bilinear interpolation is used to fill these reflection points in the eye image. Variant of edge-based segmentation technique is adopted to detect the pupil boundary from the eye image. Gradient based heuristic approach is devised to detect the iris boundary from the eye image. Eyelid localization is designed to detect the eyelids using the edge detection and curve fitting. Feature sequence combined into spatial domain segments the iris texture patterns properly. Empirical results show that the proposed approach is effective and suitable to deal with the noisy eye image for iris segmentation.
Time to climb out of the sewer (2008)

Award-winning Guardian reporter Leigh draws upon Nick Davies' new book, Flat Earth News, is examining the state of investigative journalism today and concluding: "The waters of British investigative journalism in 2008 certainly appear to be heavily polluted. But nonetheless, along with the tide of dead dogs, used condoms and toxic waste, there do seem to be nutritious public interest fish still to be caught. Liberty is indivisible, as the saying goes. And a free press is better than any of the alternatives."
I. Methods for digoxin and metabolite determination in urine, feces and plasma application to detection of Ṟ-dihydrodigoxin in humans and ; II. A theoretical examination of the kinetics of enterohepatic cycling / (1983)

This reproduction was made from a copy o f a document sent to us Tor microfilming.While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality or the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality o f the material submitted.The following explanation o f techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction.1.T lic sign.or"target" for pages apparently tacking from the document photographed is " Missing Pagc(s)".I f it was possible to obtain the missing pagc(s) or section, they arc spliced into the film along with adjacent pages.This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity.2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication o f either blurred copy because o f movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed.For blurred pages, a good image o f the page can be found in the adjacent frame.I f copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame.3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part o f the material being photographed, a definite method o f "sectioning" the material has been followed.It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer o f a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.I f necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
Innovative rapid photogoniometry method for CD metrology (2004)

We present an innovating method to measure simultaneously the specular and non specular diffraction pattern of sub-micronic periodic structures. The sample is illuminated at fixed wavelength in the visible range (green laser) versus a large angular aperture both in incidence (0 to 80°) and azimuth (0 to 180°). A special optical setup including Fourier optics and a CCD camera allows to measure the entire diffraction pattern. The measurement spot size can be reduced to less than 50μm and its position can be visualized directly with the same optical setup. Polarimetric measurements can be made in less than two seconds. This new system is presented in details and the accuracy of the measurement is tested on homogeneous reference SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si samples. Then the system is applied to submicron gratings. We show that fixed incidence angle measurements are useful to visualize the specular and non specular order. So, the periodicity of the can be extracted directly. In addition the specular and non specular intensity can be used to extract more accurately the topology of the samples. We show that specular reflection versus azimuth angle can provide similar results than conventional techniques. First experimental results on bi-periodic structures are also shown.