gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UniCaP-2: Phase-Locked Adaptive Clocking with Rapid Clock Cycle Recovery in 65nm CMOS (2020)

A new and improved Unified Clock and Power (UniCaP) architecture relies on dual-path feedback to further reduce supply-voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> ) margins in an ARM Cortex M0 processor while minimizing both peak cycle loss (Δφ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) and cycle-loss recovery time (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">recovery</sub> ) associated with adaptive clocking. Measurements on a 65nm test chip demonstrate 91-99% V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> margin reduction and 38X T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">recovery</sub> improvement over [3]. We also report measurements that quantify the impact of clock distribution delay (τ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dist</sub> ) and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> sensitivity on V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> margin reduction.
Polarisation-independent electro-optically tunablewavelength filter in LiTaO <sub>3</sub> (1994)

A polarisation-independent electro-optically tunable wavelength filter using passive polarisation splitters and strain-induced polarisation mode conversion in LiTaO3 is demonstrated. Tuning of the centre wavelength from 655 to 692 nm is realised. An optical bandwidth (FWHM) of 11 nm and a tuning rate of 0.4 nm/V are obtained.
Searchius: A Collaborative Search Engine (2007)

Searchius is a collaborative search engine that produces search results based solely on user provided web-related data. We discuss the architecture of this system and how it compares to current state-of-the-art search engines. We show that the global users' preference over pages can be efficiently used as a metric of page quality, and that the inherent organization of the collected data can be used to discover related URLs. We also conduct an extensive experimental study, based on the web related data of 36483 users, to analyze the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of user collected URL collections, to investigate how well the users URL collections cover the web and discover the characteristics that affect the quality of the search results under the proposed setting.
Flocculation and redispersion of cellulosic fiber suspensions: A review of effects of hydrodynamic shear and polyelectrolytes (2007)

Cellulosic fibers in aqueous suspensions are subject to flocculation effects that involve two contrasting scales of dimension. The net effect of flocculation determines how uniformly fibers can become formed into a sheet during the manufacture of paper. At a macroscopic level, the highly elongated shape of typical wood-derived fibers in agitated suspensions can give rise to frequent inter-fiber collisions and the formation of fiber flocs. At a submicroscopic scale, surfaces of suspended materials can become joined by macromolecular bridges. Although such bridges tend to reduce paper’s uniformity, polyelectrolyte flocculants are used in most paper machine systems to achieve relatively high retention efficiencies of fine particles as paper is being formed. By adjusting the papermaking equipment, judiciously selecting points of addition of chemicals, and by managing chemical dosages, papermakers employ a variety of strategies to achieve favorable combinations of retention and uniformity. This review considers scholarly work that has been directed towards a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Transport capacity regions for wireless networks with multi-user links (2006)

Abstract—We analyze the distance-weighted rate achievable in wireless networks that utilize multiple antennas and multi-user links. We give the transport capacity of multi-antenna multiple-access and broadcast channels, and use these topologies at the physical layer of an ad-hoc network to obtain achievable distance-weighted rate regions for a multi-antenna wireless network. These regions are obtained by utilizing in-terfering multiple-access and broadcast channel topologies in all possible configurations. A Nash-equilibrium-seeking technique is used to optimize the transmit covariance matrices for each configuration. Multi-hop routing is shown to increase the capacity regions significantly. Numerical examples show the benefit of multiple-access topologies over broadcast and point-to-point links for a uniform per-node power constraint. I.
<i>In Vitro</i> Biomimetic Model of the Human Immune System for Predictive Vaccine Assessments (2012)

The development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics is hampered by the lack of appropriate in vitro assays by which to test these compounds against the human immune system. By recognizing the key cellular elements (concentration and types of cells, cell motility, media, multicellular interactions, spatiotemporal cellular kinetics, cell expansion, and geometries) of immune tissues, such as the lymph node, we believed that we could recapitulate immune function in a biomimetic model of the human immune system, termed Modular Immune In vitro Construct (MIMIC®). We describe here the process we undertook to develop the MIMIC system by considering engineering design principles, the selection of cells to populate the system, immune functionality, the development of new antibody assays, and tissue construct automation. We also describe our approach toward using relevant challenges, such as influenza, as exemplars of different facets of immunity to test and validate the system. Through evaluating the MIMIC system with various experimental studies, we have demonstrated that the platform has the capacity to replicate known human immune response profiles. For example, we show here that influenza vaccine-induced antibody responses generated in a young adult and in the elderly donors in the MIMIC system can replicate the well-recognized immunosuppressed state of elderly donors. As well, we show the ability of the system to generate responses against variant antigens that are consistent with the response profiles observed in humans, but not in experimental animals. We believe that these studies highlight the potential of the MIMIC system for assessing human immune responses and suggest that it can serve as an ideal platform to disrupt translational research by reducing the time and cost requirements to bring new therapies to the clinic and the marketplace.
Double-gated Spindt emitters with stacked focusing electrode (2002)

Arrays of molybdenum field emission cones with integrated focusing electrode (IFE-FEA) were studied as a potential device structure for field emission displays (FEDs) that achieve high brightness, high luminous efficiency, and longer lifetime, without loss of resolution. Device operation and optimization were examined both qualitatively and analytically. Double-gated devices were fabricated using the Spindt cone process. Extensive electrical characterization of IFE-FEAs was conducted. Preliminary optical measurements demonstrated the desired focusing effect.
Flexible Nano‐felts of Carbide‐Derived Carbon with Ultra‐high Power Handling Capability (2011)

Abstract Nano‐fibrous felts (nano‐felts) of carbide‐derived carbon (CDC) have been developed from the precursor of electrospun titanium carbide (TiC) nano‐felts. Conformal transformation of TiC into CDC conserves main features of the precursor including the high interconnectivity and structural integrity; the developed TiC‐CDC nano‐felts are mechanically flexible/resilient, and can be used as electrode material for supercapacitor application without the addition of any binder. After synthesis through chlorination of the precursor at 600 °C, the TiC‐CDC nano‐fibers show an average pore size of ∼1nm, a high specific surface area of 1390 m 2 /g; and the nano‐fibers have graphitic carbon ribbons embedded in a highly disordered carbon matrix. Graphitic carbon is preserved from the precursor nano‐fibers where a few graphene layers surround TiC nanocrystallites. Electrochemical measurements show a high gravimetric capacitance of 110 F/g in aqueous electrolyte (1 M H 2 SO 4 ) and 65 F/g in organic electrolyte (1.5 M TEA‐BF 4 in acetonitrile). Because of the unique microstructure of TiC‐CDC nano‐felts, a fade of the capacitance of merely 50% at a high scan rate of 5 V/s is observed. A fade of just 15% is observed for nano‐felt film electrodes tested in 1 M H 2 SO 4 at 1 V/s, resulting in a high gravimetric capacitance of 94 F/g. Such a high rate performance is only known for graphene or carbon‐onion based supercapacitors, whereas binders have to be used for the fabrication of those supercapacitors.
Chemoselectivity of Tetrabutylammonium Borohydride towards Bifunctional Esters (1998)

Chemoselective reduction of functional groups in the presence of esters is observed with tetrabutylammonium borohydride in chloro solvents.
Relationship between structure and mode of action of 16 alpha, 17 alpha-cycloalkanoprogesterones (pregna-D'-pentaranes). (1982)

A new class of modified progesterones with an additional 16 alpha, 17 alpha-carbocycle (pregna-D'-pentaranes) is obtained. These compounds were found to exhibit a high progestational activity in the Clauberg-McPhail assay and to be active as well in the pregnancy maintenance test in ovariectomized rabbits. Some of the pentaranes displayed a remarkable contraceptive effect in combination with mestranol. X-Ray data were employed for the description of molecular conformations of D'-pentaranes. On this base, their biological responses are considered to be connected with the conformational changes of D and D' rings as well as 17 beta-acetyl side chain. Accordingly, the contraceptive effect of D'3-6-pentaranes is correlated with the value of C(15)-C(16)-C(17)-C(20) torsion angle of the corresponding molecules. The relative binding affinities of some D'6-pentaranes to the progestin receptor were determined and compared with their in vivo biological responses.
Species-specific identification of Mycobacterium bovis by PCR (1995)

The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used in the identification of a species-specific fragment of Mycobacterium bovis. A fragment of approximately 500 bp was amplified from the genome of 15 different M. bovis strains, including M. bovis BCG Pasteur, but was shown to be absent in 26 different mycobacteria and 20 different clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. When the fragment was used as a probe in a Southern blot analysis, several radioactive bands common to M. tuberculosis and M. bovis were observed. However, this fragment hybridized specifically to a 2900 bp EcoRI fragment in the M. bovis genome, but failed to hybridize in either M. tuberculosis or M. avium chromosomal DNA. Based on a partial nucleotide sequence of the 500 bp fragment, two oligonucleotide primers were designed and a PCR assay was developed. Using purified mycobacterial DNA samples, only M. bovis and M. bovis BCG rendered a unique amplification band. This PCR assay is able to detect down to 10 fg purified M. bovis DNA, which corresponds roughly to two bacilli. The assay is also useful for identifying the bacilli directly from uncultured biological samples, such as milk.
Antibody response of swine to outer membrane components of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae during infection (1986)

Sera from pigs infected with Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae were tested for antibodies to outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of the organism by immunoblotting. Convalescent sera were produced in naturally born, colostrum-fed pigs and in cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs given H. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 intranasally twice at 5-week intervals. Sera, collected at weekly intervals, were reacted with Sarkosyl-insoluble, OMP-enriched preparations of H. pleuropneumoniae which had been separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose. Antibodies were detected to OMPs with an apparent molecular weight of 16,500 (16.5K OMP); to 29K, 38.5K, 43.5K, 45K, 49.5K, and 66.5K OMPs; and to several high-molecular-weight (greater than or equal to 94,000) OMPs, but not to the major 42K OMP. Antibodies to the heat-modifiable OMP (29K/43.5K) and the 38.5K OMP were detected in sera from noninfected pigs. Antibodies were also detected to two broad 54,000- and 95,000-molecular-weight bands which did not stain with Coomassie blue, stained with silver nitrate, resisted proteinase K digestion, and were eliminated by oxidation with sodium metaperiodate. This indicates that the 54,000- and 95,000-molecular-weight bands represent polysaccharide, possibly capsular or lipopolysaccharide immunogens. Adsorption of sera with cells from the homologous serotype 5 strain removed antibodies to the 45K, 49.5K, 66.5K, and greater than or equal to 94K OMPs and to the two polysaccharide bands, indicating that these antibodies were directed primarily to surface-exposed epitopes. When tested with OMP preparations from other serotype 5 strains, heterogeneity was apparent, both in the reactions with OMPs and with the polysaccharide bands. Silver staining of proteinase K-treated, whole-cell lysates from serotype 5 strains also indicated variable expression of the polysaccharide bands. Sera also reacted with OMPs from H. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 7; however, several OMPs and the lipopolysaccharide or polysaccharide determinants of these serotypes appeared to be type specific.
Retigabine: Chemical Synthesis to Clinical Application (2006)

Retigabine [D23129; N-(2-amino-4-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-phenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester] is an antiepileptic drug with a recently described novel mechanism of action that involves opening of neuronal K(V)7.2-7.5 (formerly KCNQ2-5) voltage-activated K(+) channels. These channels (primarily K(V)7.2/7.3) enable generation of the M-current, a subthreshold K(+) current that serves to stabilize the membrane potential and control neuronal excitability. In this regard, retigabine has been shown to have a broad-spectrum of activity in animal models of electrically-induced (amygdala-kindling, maximal electroshock) and chemically-induced (pentylenetetrazole, picrotoxin, NMDA) epileptic seizures. These encouraging results suggest that retigabine may also prove useful in the treatment of other diseases associated with neuronal hyperexcitability. Neuropathic pain conditions are characterized by pathological changes in sensory pathways, which favor action potential generation and enhanced pain transmission. Although sometimes difficult to treat with conventional analgesics, antiepileptics can relieve some symptoms of neuropathic pain. A number of recent studies have reported that retigabine can relieve pain-like behaviors (hyperalgesia and allodynia) in animal models of neuropathic pain. Neuronal activation within several key structures within the CNS can also be observed in various animal models of anxiety. Moreover, amygdala-kindled rats, which have a lowered threshold for neuronal activation, also display enhanced anxiety-like responses. Retigabine dose-dependently reduces unconditioned anxiety-like behaviors when assessed in the mouse marble burying test and zero maze. Early clinical studies have indicated that retigabine is rapidly absorbed and distributed, and is resistant to first pass metabolism. Tolerability is good in humans when titrated up to its therapeutic dose range (600-1200 mg/day). No tolerance, dependence or withdrawal potential has been reported, although adverse effects can include mild dizziness, headache, nausea and somnolence. Thus, retigabine may prove to be useful in the treatment of a diverse range of disease states in which neuronal hyperexcitability is a common underlying factor.
Scalable database logging for multicores (2017)

Modern databases, guaranteeing atomicity and durability, store transaction logs in a volatile, central log buffer and then flush the log buffer to non-volatile storage by the write-ahead logging principle. Buffering logs in central log store has recently faced a severe multicore scalability problem, and log flushing has been challenged by synchronous I/O delay. We have designed and implemented a fast and scalable logging method, E leda , that can migrate a surge of transaction logs from volatile memory to stable storage without risking durable transaction atomicity. Our efficient implementation of E leda is enabled by a highly concurrent data structure, G rasshopper , that eliminates a multicore scalability problem of centralized logging and enhances system utilization in the presence of synchronous I/O delay. We implemented E leda and plugged it to WiredTiger and Shore-MT by replacing their log managers. Our evaluation showed that E leda -based transaction systems improve performance up to 71 x, thus showing the applicability of E leda.
Prone positioning improves survival in severe ARDS: a pathophysiologic review and individual patient meta-analysis. (2010)

Prone positioning has been used for over 30 years in the management of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This maneuver has consistently proven capable of improving oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Several mechanisms can explain this observation, including possible intervening net recruitment and more homogeneously distributed alveolar inflation. It is also progressively becoming clear that prone positioning may reduce the nonphysiological stress and strain associated with mechanical ventilation, thus decreasing the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury, which is known to adversely impact patient survival. The available randomized clinical trials, however, have failed to demonstrate that prone positioning improves the outcomes of patients with ARDS overall. In contrast, the individual patient meta-analysis of the four major clinical trials available clearly shows that with prone positioning, the absolute mortality of severely hypoxemic ARDS patients may be reduced by approximately 10%. On the other hand, all data suggest that long-term prone positioning may expose patients with less severe ARDS to unnecessary complications.
Multi-Directional Distributed Search with Aggregation (2005)

Abstract. Competition and cooperation can boost the performance of search. Both can be implemented with a portfolio of algorithms which run in parallel, give hints to each other and compete for being the first to finish and deliver the solution. In this paper we present a new generic framework for the application of algorithms for distributed constraint satisfaction which makes use of both cooperation and competition. This framework improves the performance of two different standard algorithms by one order of magnitude and can reduce the risk of poor performance by up to three orders of magnitude. We expect our new methods to be similarly beneficial for any tree-based distributed search and describe ways on how to incorporate them.
Nitrate Determination Using Anion Exchange Membrane and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (2006)

This study investigates the combined use of an anion exchange membrane and transmittance mid-infrared spectroscopy for determining nitrate concentration in aqueous solutions and soil pastes. The method is based on immersing a small piece (2 cm(2)) of anion exchange membrane into 5 mL of solution or soil paste for 30 minutes, after which the membrane is removed, rinsed, and wiped dry. The absorbance spectrum of the charged membrane is then used to determine the amount of nitrate sorbed on the membrane. At the levels tested, the presence of carbonate or phosphate does not affect the nitrate sorption or the spectrum of the charged membrane in the vicinity of the nitrate band. Sulfate affects the spectrum of the charged membrane but does not prevent nitrate determination. For soil pastes, nitrate sorption is remarkably independent of the soil composition and is not affected by the level of soil constituents such as organic matter, clay, and calcium carbonate. Partial least squares analysis of the membrane spectra shows that there exists a strong correlation between the nitrate charge and the absorbance in the 1000-1070 cm(-1) interval, which includes the v(1) nitrate band located around 1040 cm(-1). The prediction errors range from 0.8 to 2.1 mueq, which, under the specific experimental conditions, corresponds to approximately 2 to 6 ppm N-NO(3)(-) on a solution basis or 2 to 5 mg [N]/kg [dry soil] on a dry soil basis.
Clinical Manifestations and Management of Left Ventricular Assist Device-Associated Infections (2013)

Clinical manifestations of LVADI vary on the basis of the type of infection and the causative pathogen. Mortality remained high despite combined medical and surgical intervention and chronic suppressive antimicrobial therapy. Based on clinical experiences, a management algorithm for LVADI is proposed to assist in the decision-making process.
Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy of soluble surfactants at the air/water interface (1996)

Vibrational spectra of seven surfactants adsorbed at the surface of aqueous solutions have been obtained by IR–VIS sum-frequency generation. From these spectra the degree of conformational disorder and the angle of the terminal methyl group are inferred. In general, the number of gauche conformations increases as the area per chain increases. The angle of the methyl group, which is an indicator of the tilt of the hydrocarbon chains, is not simply related to the area per chain. Comparison of surfactants with the same chain length and area per molecule shows that the structure of the chain region of the monolayer is sensitive to the nature of the head group and not just to the packing density. Quantitative models to explain peak intensities in sum-frequency spectra of surfactants are discussed critically.
A unique H3K4me2 profile marks tissue-specific gene regulation (2010)

Characterization of the epigenetic landscape fundamentally contributes toward deciphering the regulatory mechanisms that govern gene expression. However, despite an increasing flow of newly generated data, no clear pattern of chromatin modifications has so far been linked to specific modes of transcriptional regulation. Here, we used high-throughput genomic data from CD4(+) T lymphocytes to provide a comprehensive analysis of histone H3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) enrichment in genomic regions surrounding transcriptional start sites (TSSs). We discovered that a subgroup of genes linked to T cell functions displayed high levels of H3K4me2 within their gene body, in sharp contrast to the TSS-centered profile typical of housekeeping genes. Analysis of additional chromatin modifications and DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSS) revealed a combinatorial chromatin signature characteristic of this subgroup. We propose that this epigenetic feature reflects the activity of an as yet unrecognized, intragenic cis-regulatory platform dedicated to refining tissue-specificity in gene expression.
ClearCase-source code managing system (2000)

The description of the SCM (Source Code Management) data domain is shown and a general introduction of the ClearCase software is given. The basic functional capabilities and application fields are reviewed. The usage guidelines are presented. Today ClearCase is the most advanced system of version and configuration control. It is provided with the latest achievements in the field of SCM. As ClearCase is the system of corporative level, one can recommend it to all the enterprises, whose designers' number exceeds 5. The software is capable of showing its full advantages only when used in large enterprises with a great number of designers. ClearCase becomes indispensable when the matter concerns the unification of regionally remote designer crews.