gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mineral Stratification in Magnetohydrostatic Separation (1979)

Abstract The magnetohydrostatic method can be used to separate slightly magnetic or nonmagnetic particles according to differences in their specific gravities and magnetic susceptibilities. The classical approach is to effect stratification prior to separation. This paper discusses some of the significant parameters which bear on the design and pattern of the expected stratification in the separation cell. As the characteristics of the magnetic field, and consequently those of the magnetic forces, are determined by the geometry of the poles, this subject is treated first. In this context a new approach, whereby the range of stratification is extended, using positive as well as negative gradients, is presented. Finally, the effect of the relative size and shape of the particles on stratification is discussed.
The σ- and π-bonding modes of a tetraanionic porphyrinogen ligand in zirconium(<scp>IV</scp>) complexes: a theoretical investigation (1993)

The bonding modes of the porphyrinogen ligand L4–(H4L = 5,10,15,20,22,24-hexahydroporphyrin) with the metal ion Zr4+ are analysed in detail for the limiting co-ordinations η5,σ,η5,σ and σ,σ,σ,σ. It is concluded that in both co-ordination modes σ bonding is by far the most dominant, mainly due to strong charge donation from the pyrroli nitrogen lone pairs into the empty 4dx2-y2 and 4dxz, with additional effects from donation into the 4dz2 and 5s orbitals. The π bond, resulting from donation from occupied pyrrolyl π orbitals into the metal 4dxy and 4dyz orbitals is significant for η5,σ,η5,σ- but rather weak for σ,σ,σ,σ-co-ordination due to the diminished donation into the 4dxy orbital. The total orbital interaction contribution (the covalent component) is about one third of the ionic component of the bond, the latter being identified as the sum of the Pauli repulsion and the attractive electrostatic interaction between L4– and Zr4+. The ionic contribution is about the same in the two configurations, but the covalent component of the bond decreases by ca. 3 eV for σ:σ:σ:σ co-ordination due mostly to a weaker π-bond interaction. The η5,σ,η5,σ complex is only 2.1 eV more stable, indicating that the interconversion between the two co-ordination modes is a relatively easy process. The most stable co-ordination mode is preserved after interaction of the substrate with the Lewis bases tetrahydrofuran or H–.
Physiological Characterization of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> during Exotoxin A Synthesis: Glutamate, Iron Limitation, and Aconitase Activity (1999)

Glutamate enhances the yield of exotoxin A (ETA), which is induced by iron limitation, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We tested the possibility that glutamate affects growth during iron restriction. We confirmed that iron limitation caused early entry into stationary phase but had no effect on the exponential growth rate. We showed that glutamate, as well as citrate and isocitrate, partially overcame this growth limitation. Glutamate had no effect on toxA (ETA-encoding) transcription, which implies that glutamate primarily increases the number of toxin-producing cells. In contrast, citrate and isocitrate diminished toxA transcription. Since glutamate, citrate, and isocitrate stimulated growth, we suspected a block in the citric acid cycle. Iron limitation reduced the activity of the iron-containing aconitase 12-fold but had no effect on isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, which was assayed as a control. There is a reciprocal relationship between aconitase activity and ETA synthesis, and this correlation does not appear to be coincidental because aconitase-specific effectors affect ETA synthesis. We tested whether a metabolic block is sufficient to induce ETA synthesis, but an aconitase-specific inhibitor diminished ETA production, which argues against this possibility. Finally, we present preliminary evidence that iron limitation may reversibly and posttranslationally inactivate aconitase in vivo. In summary, the environmental factors that stimulate ETA synthesis are related: glutamate bypasses an iron limitation-dependent metabolic block that causes entry into stationary phase. We speculate that one or more of the aconitases in P. aeruginosa may contribute to the control of virulence factor synthesis.
Construction of 3D Environment Model from an Omni-Directional Image Sequence (2008)

Abstract: Map information is important for path planning and self-localization when mobile robots accomplish au-tonomous tasks. In unknown environments, however, mobile robots should generate an environment map by themselves. We propose a method for 3D environment modeling by a mobile robot. A 3D environment model can be generaterd from the result of 3D measurement using image data. To realize a 3D measurement of objects more efficiently, the robot uses an image sequence acquired by an omni-directional camera which has a wide field of view. The measurement method is based on structure from motion. A triangular mesh is constructed from measurement data. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters: New Perspectives through Enantioselective Michael Reactions (2003)

PdII-catalyzed Michael reactions of β-dicarbonyl compounds 1 and enones 2 can generate quaternary stereocenters (shown in yellow) with selectivities of 90 % ee at relatively high temperatures (−10 °C). This method represents a breakthrough in enantioselective synthesis.
HPV DNA Detection and Typing in Cervical Scrapes (2005)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays that use consensus primers to detect DNA of a broad spectrum of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in a single assay belong to the most frequently used methods to detect HPV in clinical specimens. Here, we describe in detail one of these assays, the so-called GP5+/6+ PCR method, which can be used to detect and type HPV DNA in crude extracts of cervical scrapes and biopsy specimens. Following PCR with GP5+ and GP6+ primers, the latter of which is biotinylated at its 5' end, the presence of DNA of any of the high-risk genotypes can easily be determined by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In this assay, PCR products are captured in streptavidin-coated wells of a microtiter plate, denatured by alkaline treatment, and hybridized to cocktails of digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides specific for high-risk or low-risk HPV types. The resulting hybrids can then be detected by alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-digoxigenin polyclonal antibodies and substrate followed by optical density reading. Subsequently, EIA-positive PCR products can be typed by a reverse line blot genotyping procedure that, using a miniblotter device, enables typing of up to 39 samples with specific oligonucleotide probes for 37 different HPV (sub)types in a single assay.
<i>RHPN2</i> Drives Mesenchymal Transformation in Malignant Glioma by Triggering RhoA Activation (2013)

Mesenchymal transformation is a hallmark of aggressive glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we report the development of an unbiased method for computational integration of copy number variation, expression, and mutation data from large datasets. Using this method, we identified rhophilin 2 (RHPN2) as a central genetic determinant of the mesenchymal phenotype of human GBM. Notably, amplification of the human RHPN2 gene on chromosome 19 correlates with a dramatic decrease in the survival of patients with glioma. Ectopic expression of RHPN2 in neural stem cells and astrocytes triggered the expression of mesenchymal genes and promoted an invasive phenotype without impacting cell proliferation. Mechanistically, these effects were implemented through RHPN2-mediated activation of RhoA, a master regulator of cell migration and invasion. Our results define RHPN2 amplification as a central genetic determinant of a highly aggressive phenotype that directs the worst clinical outcomes in patients with GBM.
Active cargo transport with Janus colloidal shuttles using electric and magnetic fields (2018)

Active colloids show non-equilibrium behavior that departs from classical Brownian motion, thus providing a platform for novel fundamental phenomena and for enticing possible applications ranging from water treatment to medicine and microrobotics. Although the physics, motion mechanisms and guidance have been extensively investigated, active colloids are rarely exploited to simultaneously guide and transport micron-sized objects in a controllable and reversible manner. Here, we use autonomous active Janus particles as colloidal shuttles to controllably transport cargo at the microscale using external electric and magnetic fields. The active motion arises from the metallodielectric characteristics of the Janus particles, which allows them to also trap, transport and release cargo particles through dielectrophoretic interactions induced by an AC electric field. The ferromagnetic nature of the nickel layer that forms the metallic hemisphere of the Janus colloids provides an additional mechanism to direct the motion of the shuttle using an external magnetic field. With this highly programmable colloidal system, we are able to harness active colloid motion and use it to transport cargo particles to specific destinations through a pre-defined route. A simple analytical model is derived to successfully describe the motion of the shuttle-cargo assembly in response to the applied electrical field. The high level of control on cargo pick-up, transport and release leads to a powerful delivery tool, which could eventually be used in microactuators, microfluidics or for controlled delivery within organ-on-a-chip devices.
Synthetic Autoantigens of Immunoglobulins and T-Cell Receptors: Their Recognition in Aging, Infection, and Autoimmunity (1994)

Immunoglobulins and their close relatives, the antigen-specific T-cell receptors, are recognition proteins that express structures which readily serve as self-immunogens. Healthy humans can produce antibodies against variable region-defined recognition structures termed idiotypes, as well as against constant region structures, and the levels of these can increase markedly in autoimmune disease; e.g., rheumatoid factors are autoantibodies directed against a conformational determinant of the gamma heavy chain. More recent analyses employing synthetic peptide technologies and construction of recombinant T-cell receptors document that autoantibodies directed against both variable and constant region markers of the alpha/beta T-cell receptor occur in healthy individuals. Alterations in levels of antibody, usage of IgM or IgG isotypes, and specificity for particular peptide-defined regions vary with natural physiological processes (aging, pregnancy), with artificial allografting, with retroviral infection, and with the inception and progression of autoimmune disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus). Two of the major autoimmunogeneic regions of the Tcr alpha/beta are "constitutive" markers inasmuch as all individuals tested produce antibodies against these regions. The most frequently observed autoantibodies are against Tcr V beta CDR1 and Fr3 markers. It is hypothesized that these are normally involved in immunoregulation. Autoantibodies usually are not detected against CDR2 region determinants, or the "private idiotypes" defined by the CDR3 region, or the highly conserved FR4 segment specified by the joining gene segment. However, autoantibodies against the CDR2 of the Tcr alpha chain occur in some SLE patients, and healthy pregnant women produce antibodies against the common peptide determinant expressed by the joining gene and the beginning of the C alpha or C beta domain. Although the precise role of the naturally occurring autoantibodies in immunoregulation remains to be determined, modification of the course of autoimmune diseases in experimental rodent models (experimental allergic encephalomyelitis) has been successfully carried out by immunization with synthetic peptides corresponding to the CDR2 and Fr3/CDR3 segments, and immunization of humans with synthetic V beta CDR2 segments may prove helpful in multiple sclerosis. Moreover, infusion of intravenous immunoglobulins has been successful in the treatment of many autoimmune diseases, including examples where levels of T cells bearing particular V beta gene subsets were elevated. The recent knowledge gained from T-cell receptor structural analysis and antigenic modeling holds promise for determining the roles of particular variable domain structures in antigen recognition MHC-restriction and immunoregulation, and in the development of synthetic and recombinant reagents for modulation of autoimmune and infectious diseases.
Structural and electrical properties of YBa2Cu3O7−x films on SrTiO3(110) substrates (1992)

The structural and electrical properties of in‐situ laser deposited thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−x on SrTiO3(110) substrates were studied as a function of deposition temperature. It was found that at low temperatures, the films with (110) orientation dominated. At high temperatures, the (103) orientation was obtained. The lattice mismatch model can qualitatively explain the orientation of the films at different deposition temperatures, but the transition point for the orientation of the film was found to shift as much as 60 °C to higher temperature when compared to the predictions of the lattice mismatch model. The Jc was found to be extremely anisotropic. For (103) oriented films at 70 K, the Jc’s were found to be 0.85×106 A/cm2 and 5×102 A/cm2 along the substrate 〈100〉 and 〈011〉 directions respectively.
Falando de Morte com o Adolescente (2005)

"A adolescência é um período de risco para mortes inesperadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre o tema da morte e a educação utilizando o vídeo “Falando de Morte com o Adolescente” (KOVÁCS; ESSLINGER;, BROMBERG; VAICIUNAS; MARQUES, 1999), enfocando o tema do limite entre o prazer e a autodestruição. Objetivou-se criar espaços de comunicação entre adolescentes e educadores sobre a morte. Utilizando questionários, procurou-se verificar se o vídeo abordava o tema de maneira adequada para os jovens. Participaram 16 profissionais e 48 adolescentes de duas escolas da cidade de São Paulo. Na opinião dos adolescentes, o vídeo favoreceu a reflexão, entretanto esperavam um filme com cenas mais chocantes e reais. Sugeriram a inclusão de temas sobre como enfrentar a morte e não tanto como esta pode ser provocada. Alguns profissionais demonstraram receio que certas cenas do vídeo estimulassem atos autodestrutivos, diferentemente dos jovens."
Operation Of A Multigigawatt Relativistic Klystron Amplifier (1989)

This paper addresses the new development of high power RF Klystron - like amplifiers using modulated intense relativistic electron beams. This research followed an earlier work in which the interaction between a high impedance ( 120 ohm) intense relativistic electron beam and a low power RF pulse resulted in the generation of coherent bunches of electrons with excellent amplitude and phase stabilities. In the present experiment a low impedance (30 Ohm) large diameter ( 14 cm ) annular electron beam of power ~ 8 gigawatts was modulated using an external RF source (Magnetron) of 0.5 megawatt power. The sequential interaction of the modulated electron beam with a structure generated a 3-gigawatt RF pulse that was radiated into the atmosphere.
Neuroprotective efficacy of lifarizine (RS‐87476) in a simplified rat survival model of 2 vessel occlusion (1995)

1. A new, modified rat two vessel occlusion model (with hypotension) was established and the neuroprotective efficacy of the novel agent lifarizine (RS-87476) was examined. 2. The two vessel occlusion model used in the study was a modification of the model described in the literature, whereby we have obviated the need to use a muscle relaxant and intubate the trachea to provide ventilatory support by providing a tight fitting face mask attached to the ventilator. Furthermore, the need to combine exsanguination and additional pharmacological means of inducing the mandatory hypotension (50 mmHg), required to decrease brain blood perfusion pressure, has been removed by simply manipulating the concentration of the already present halothane anaesthetic. 3. The appropriate level of hypotension having been reached, microvascular clips were applied to bilaterally occlude the common carotid arteries for 12 min. This resulted in a loss of the cortical EEG activity. Local cerebral blood flow was measured 6 min into the occlusion period, using the fully quantitative [14C]-iodoantipyrine autoradiographic technique, in a separate group of rats (n = 5). This illustrated the lack of any blood flow, in the areas under study, during the period when there was an isoelectric cortical EEG pattern. 4. The high grade global ischaemic lesion which occurred gave quantifiable neuronal damage in several vulnerable regions of the brain, namely, the hippocampal CA1 sub-field, cortex, thalamus, striatum, and cerebellar brain stem (Purkinje cells). 5. Following the global ischaemic insult the rats were allowed to recover for 72 h before assessment of the damage, during which time one group of rats (n = 11) received 100 micrograms kg-1 lifarizine i.a. 5 min post-occlusion, 500 micrograms kg-1 lifarizine i.p. 15 min post-occlusion, and 500 micrograms kg-1 lifarizine i.p. twice daily for 72 h. A second group of rats (n = 12) was treated with appropriate volumes of vehicle (0.4 ml kg-1 i.a. and 2 ml kg-1 i.p.) at identical time points. 6. Histopathological damage was assessed, from cresyl violet and haematoxyline/eosin stained sections, using a scoring system of 0-6 (no damage-complete neuronal death). The dosing regimen of lifarizine gave reduced damage in the hippocampal CA1 sub-field (4.1 +/- 0.3 to 2.8 +/- 0.6) and striatum (1.7 +/- 0.3 to 1.2 +/- 0.3) and significant neuroprotection in the anterior cortex (2.0 +/- 0.2 to 1.2 +/- 0.2; p < 0.05), thalamus (1.5 +/- 0.2 to 0.8 +/- 0.2; p < 0.01), posterior cortex (1.5 +/- 0.2 to 1.0 +/- 0.2; p < 0.05) and cerebellar brain stem (0.9 +/- 0.2 to 0.4 +/- 0.1; p < 0.01). The overall mean brain score was significantly reduced (from 1.5 +/- 0.1 to 0.9 +/- 0.2). 7. These data show that the newly modified 2 vessel occlusion model produced a quantifiable level of ischaemic damage and that the novel agent lifarizine is neuroprotective in the model.
Deposit Insurance in Theory and Practice (2000)

Bank stability and systemic stability are old issues in banking. There have been many financial crises in economic history, and the painful consequences of those crises have again and again raised questions concerning how to avoid them and how to protect depositors against losses.
The Inhibition and Treatment of Breast Cancer with Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP-1) Inhibitors (2006)

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are responsible for most familial breast carcinomas. Recent reports carried out in non-cancerous mouse BRCA1- or BRCA2-deficient embryonic stem (ES) cells, and hamster BRCA2-deficient cells have demonstrated that the targeted inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) kills BRCA mutant cells with high specificity. Although these studies bring hope for BRCA mutation carriers, the effectiveness of PARP-1 inhibitors for breast cancer remains elusive. Here we present the first <i>in vivo</i> demonstration of PARP-1 activity in BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors and describe the effects of PARP-1 inhibitors (AG14361, NU1025, and 3-aminobenzamide) on BRCA1-deficient ES cells, mouse and human breast cancer cells. AG14361 was highly selective for BRCA1-/- ES cells; however, NU1025 and 3-aminobenzamide were relatively non-selective. In allografts of naïve ES BRCA1-/- cells there was either partial or complete remission of tumors. However, in allografts of mouse, BRCA1-/- mammary tumors, there was no tumor regression or remission although a partial inhibition of tumor growth was observed in both the BRCA1-/- and BRCA1+/+ allografts. In human tumor cells, PARP-1 inhibitors showed no difference <i>in vitro</i> in limiting the growth of mammary tumors irrespective of their BRCA1 status. These results suggest that PARP-1 inhibitors may non-specifically inhibit the growth of mammary tumors.
Low-Density SRIM Technology - For Automotive Interior Trim Door Panels (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper examines the use of Elastolit®SR<span class="xref">*</span> low-density Structural RIM (SRIM, Structural Reaction Injection Molding) systems applicable for interior trim door panel construction. Elastolit®SR low-density Structural RIM is a name encompassing CFC-blown, water-blown, and hybrid polyurethane systems. Composite reinforcements are discusssed. Typical mechanical properties derived from the use of water-blown systems are reported. Moreover, comparisons are made between low-density SRIM and more traditional materials of construction in terms of their mechanical properties and their concomitant manufacturing methods. Relative comparisons in manufacturing costs are presented. Lastly, the advantages of using low-density SRIM for door panels are fully summarized. One very important advantage discussed is vehicle mass reduction.</div>
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Impeller Designs for the HeartQuest Left Ventricular Assist Device (2002)

To finalize the design of the next generation of the HeartQuest left ventricular assist device, a suitable impeller had to be designed and tested. The new prototype was based on calculations and test results of previous designs, but required several changes to decrease the size. For most pump designs, this is a simple matter of altering impeller geometry and rotational speed to achieve the desired pressure rise and flow rate. However, this particular pump was limited by housing geometry and the magnetic bearings that support the impeller. Without much freedom in the overall impeller size, the only parameters open to the designers were the blade profiles and the rotating speed. Rather than build several candidates and test them in a rig at enormous cost, computational models of several designs were tested and analyzed. This not only saved money, but also sped up the development time for the project. The computer models were developed in TASCflow, a computational fluid dynamics software package from AEA Technologies. This paper analyzes the data from several of the selected models, paying close attention to pumping performance and general trends from specific design changes.