gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functions of the Endothelial Cell Surface (1986)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Protective effects of BACE1 inhibitory ligand molecules against amyloid beta-induced synaptic and mitochondrial toxicities in Alzheimer’s disease (2019)

Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are the major drivers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, and are formed by successive cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the beta and gamma secretases. Mounting evidence suggests that Aβ and mitochondrial structural and functional abnormalities are critically involved in the loss of synapses and cognitive decline, in patients with AD. In AD brain, state the sequential proteolytic cleavage of APP by beta secretase 1 enzyme (BACE1) and γ-secretase leads to the production and release of Aβ40 and 42. BACE1 expression and activity increased in the brains of AD patients. Structurally, β-secretase has a very large binding site (1000 Å) with fewer hydrophobic domains that makes a challenge to identify the specific targets/binding sites of BACE1. In the present study, we constructed a BACE1 pharmacophore with pepstatin and screened through molecular docking studies. We found one potential candidate (referred as ligand 1) that binds to the key catalytic residues of BACE1 and predicts to inhibit abnormal APP processing and reduce Aβ levels in AD neurons. Using biochemical, molecular, transmission electron microscopy, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses, we studied the protective effects of ligand 1 against Aβ-induced synaptic and mitochondrial toxicities in mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cells that express mutant APP. We found interaction between ligand 1 and BACE1 and this interaction decreased BACE1 activity, Aβ40 and 42 levels. We also found increased mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion and synaptic activity and reduced mitochondrial fission in ligand 1-treated mutant APP cells. Based on these results, we cautiously conclude that ligand 1 reduces Aβ-induced mitochondrial and synaptic toxicities, and maintains mitochondrial dynamics and neuronal function in AD.
Deletion of the tobacco plastid <i>psbA</i> gene triggers an upregulation of the thylakoid‐associated NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex and the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) (2003)

We have constructed a tobacco psbA gene deletion mutant that is devoid of photosystem II (PSII) complex. Analysis of thylakoid membranes revealed comparable amounts, on a chlorophyll basis, of photosystem I (PSI), the cytochrome b6f complex and the PSII light-harvesting complex (LHCII) antenna proteins in wild-type (WT) and DeltapsbA leaves. Lack of PSII in the mutant, however, resulted in over 10-fold higher relative amounts of the thylakoid-associated plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) and the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex. Increased amounts of Ndh polypeptides were accompanied with a more than fourfold enhancement of NDH activity in the mutant thylakoids, as revealed by in-gel NADH dehydrogenase measurements. NADH also had a specific stimulating effect on P700+ re-reduction in the DeltapsbA thylakoids. Altogether, our results suggest that enhancement of electron flow via the NDH complex and possibly other alternative electron transport routes partly compensates for the loss of PSII function in the DeltapsbA mutant. As mRNA levels were comparable in WT and DeltapsbA plants, upregulation of the alternative electron transport pathways (NDH complex and PTOX) occurs apparently by translational or post-translational mechanisms.
Studies on the Structural and Conformational Basis for the Relative Resistance of Serum and Secretory Immunoglobulin a to Proteolysis (1974)

Abstract The structural features which make secretory IgA relatively resistant to proteolysis, compared to the major serum immunoglobulin IgG, were investigated. Secretory IgA, serum IgA, and IgG were incubated with pre-activated papain (4 hr) and Pronase (2 hr) at slightly alkaline pH in the absence of reducing agents. Digest mixtures were analyzed by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and immunodiffusion. Under conditions which resulted in essentially quantitative cleavage of IgG1 myeloma proteins to Fab and Fc fragments, approximately 85% of secretory IgA, normal human serum IgA, and IgA myeloma proteins of both A1 and A2 subclasses remained undigested. Thus, both secretory IgA and serum IgA were relatively resistant to proteolysis compared to the major serum immunoglobulin, IgG1. Secretory IgA dimer was more resistant than IgA myeloma dimers since incubation with Pronase for 3 hr caused the depolymerization of the latter to a monomer-like fragment whereas secretory IgA dimer remained intact. Reduction with 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and alkylation of serum IgA caused this immunoglobulin to become susceptible to proteolysis. Secretory IgA required a greater concentration of reducing agent (35 mM DTT) for conversion to the digestible form than did IgA myeloma dimers. Circular dichroism was used to detect conformational changes in both serum and secretory IgA which occurred after mild reduction and alkylation. Part of the conformation change in IgA proteins after mild reduction and alkylation was localized to the Fc fragment. It was concluded that secretory IgA was more resistant than the major serum immunoglobulin IgG1 and that this relative resistance was due in part to the greater resistance of immunoglobulin A per se, and in part due to additional stability of the secretory IgA form.
Evaluation of iridium oxide electrodes formed by potential cycling as pH probes (1988)

Iridium oxide electrodes formed by potential cycling in dilute acids were investigated for their use as pH sensors. It was shown that both the short- and long-term stabilities of such sensors were adequate for applications where an accuracy of ±0.2 pH is acceptable. It was also found that thicker oxide films which give responses of up to about 80 mV pH–1 are to be preferred in order to ensure reproducible behaviour. As potentiometric probes either for direct monitoring of pH or for following typical acid-base titrations, these electrodes give comparable results to those obtained with glass electrodes. Several basic concepts relating to the practical management of potential-cycled iridium oxide electrodes are discussed.
Unusual phenotype and function of an expanded subpopulation of T cells in patients with haemopoietic disorders. (1981)

We have studied two patients, one with red cell aplasia and the other with neutropenia. Both showed lymphocytosis. In both cases, 90-100% of E rosetting cells were T cells as defined by the monoclonal antibodies UCHT1 and OKT3. The majority of these cells also carried the OKT8 suppressor/cytotoxic marker and were HLA-DR- and Fc gamma R-positive. In spite of the similarity of this phenotype to that reported for suppressor cells, these cells failed to suppress pokeweed mitogen-induced polyclonal Ig synthesis. Cells from both patients also failed to respond significantly to Con A and PHA. They were, however, unable to suppress the Con A responses of normal donors although cells from one patient were able to suppress completely a normal PHA response. These results demonstrate the existence of a genuine subset of T cells with Fc gamma receptors but suggest that not all such cells have typical suppressor function.
Increasing Rates of Psychiatric Publication From Low- and Middle-Income Countries (2009)

The overall increase in the number of publications about mental disorder in the last decade probably reflects an increase in psychiatric research in LAMI countries. The increase in rates of publication was greatest in middle-income countries with the largest populations.
Interferometry with Rotation-Insensitive “Corner-Cube” Systems and Lasers (1965)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Geroge W. Stroke, "Interferometry with Rotation-Insensitive "Corner-Cube" Systems and Lasers," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 330-331 (1965) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Phase-staggering control of a series-resonant DC-DC converter with paralleled power modules (1988)

A method of decreasing the ripple on the output voltage of high-power AC-DC or DC-DC series-resonant converters without increasing the internal converter frequency or the capacity of the energy storage elements is discussed. This improvement is accomplished by subdividing the converter into two or more series-resonant power modules operated with a constant relative phase shift (phase-staggering control). The method of eliminating the harmonic components in the input and output currents of the conversion system, without increasing the internal pulse frequency, is justified by Fourier analysis of the current waveforms. The frequency spectra of the source and output waveforms for the continuous and discontinuous resonant current mode are shifted to higher frequency ranges, as computations show for both one single module and multiple paralleled modules. Inadequacies in the phase-staggering control method applied to series-resonant converters are indicated in relation to the dominant harmonic component, in particular for two modules and supported by experimentally acquired waveforms. High-frequency current components to the source and to the load are reduced. Resulting in smaller input and output filters. This improves the resolution of the control of the flow of energy from the source to the load, resulting in a faster system response.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of Ultrathin Si Nanosheets from Natural Clays for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes (2016)

Two-dimensional Si nanosheets have been studied as a promising candidate for lithium-ion battery anode materials. However, Si nanosheets reported so far showed poor cycling performances and required further improvements. In this work, we utilize inexpensive natural clays for preparing high quality Si nanosheets via a one-step simultaneous molten salt-induced exfoliation and chemical reduction process. This approach produces high purity mesoporous Si nanosheets in high yield. As a control experiment, two-step process (pre-exfoliated silicate sheets and subsequent chemical reduction) cannot sustain their original two-dimensional structure. In contrast, one-step method results in a production of 5 nm-thick highly porous Si nanosheets. Carbon-coated Si nanosheet anodes exhibit a high reversible capacity of 865 mAh g(-1) at 1.0 A g(-1) with an outstanding capacity retention of 92.3% after 500 cycles. It also delivers high rate capability, corresponding to a capacity of 60% at 20 A g(-1) compared to that of 2.0 A g(-1). Furthermore, the Si nanosheet electrodes show volume expansion of only 42% after 200 cycles.
Expression of melatonin MT(1) and MT(2) receptors, and ROR alpha(1) receptor in transplantable murine Colon 38 cancer. (2002)

Our studies on Colon 38 adenocarcinoma cells support the concept that both membrane and nuclear receptors are involved in the oncostatic action of melatonin.
Research Developments on Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors (2002)

There are four types of inhibitors of ACCase: aryloxyphenoxypropanoates (APP), cyclohexanedione oximes (CHD), aryloxyphenylcyclohexanedione (APCHD) and cyclic triketones (CTR). The mechanism of Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) in vivo was summarized. The structural and active relationships are discussed basing on the activity of ACCase inhibitors in vivo and in vitro . The studies on inhibitors of ACCase are in progress. New cyclic triketones ACCase inhibitors will be the focus in the future.
Assessment and analysis of mechanical allodynia-like behavior induced by spared nerve injury (SNI) in the mouse (2006)

Experimental models of peripheral nerve injury have been developed to study mechanisms of neuropathic pain. In the spared nerve injury (SNI) model in rats, the common peroneal and tibial nerves are injured, producing consistent and reproducible pain hypersensitivity in the territory of the spared sural nerve. In this study, we investigated whether SNI in mice is also a valid model system for neuropathic pain. SNI results in a significant decrease in withdrawal threshold in SNI-operated mice. The effect is very consistent between animals and persists for the four weeks of the study. We also determined the relative frequency of paw withdrawal for each of a series of 11 von Frey hairs. Analysis of response frequency using a mixed-effects model that integrates all variables (nerve injury, paw, gender, and time) shows a very stable effect of SNI over time and also reveals subtle divergences between variables, including gender-based differences in mechanical sensitivity. We tested two variants of the SNI model and found that injuring the tibial nerve alone induces mechanical hypersensitivity, while injuring the common peroneal and sural nerves together does not induce any significant increase in mechanical sensitivity in the territory of the spared tibial nerve. SNI induces a mechanical allodynia-like response in mice and we believe that our improved method of assessment and data analysis will reveal additional internal and external variability factors in models of persistent pain. Use of this model in genetically altered mice should be very effective for determining the mechanisms involved in neuropathic pain.
Trends in the Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds in a Large-Pore Metal−Organic Framework, IRMOF-1 (2010)

Metal-organic frameworks have been proposed as useful sorbents for the capture of a variety of compounds. In this work, inverse gas chromatography (IGC) utilizing micropacked capillary columns was used to probe the adsorption of more than 30 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on IRMOF-1. In an attempt to study the effect of structural degradation upon VOC adsorption, multiple samples of IRMOF-1 with widely ranging properties were investigated. Trends in the differential enthalpies and equilibrium constants for the adsorption of VOCs were determined on the basis of the molecular properties of the adsorbate and the structural properties of the MOF sample. The results indicate that samples of IRMOF-1 that are affected by a moderate amount of structural degradation interact with adsorbed species more strongly than does a sample with fewer defects, resulting in higher heats of adsorption. Samples of IRMOF-1 with specific surface areas of around 1000 m(2)/g show heats of adsorption for alkanes that are higher than those estimated previously via Monte Carlo calculations. Although the data for nonpolar (and weakly polar) species showed many of the anticipated trends for the interactions with IRMOF-1, the equilibrium behavior of polar VOCs did not correlate well with the molecular properties of the adsorbate (i.e., vapor pressure and deformation polarizability), leaving some uncertainty about the nature of the interaction mechanism. The equilibrium data and the heats of adsorption were found to fit well to a small group of molecular descriptors through the application of the Abraham linear free-energy relationship, thus providing insight into the complex interactions between the MOF structure and the VOC compounds. Hydrogen bonding interactions were determined to be the primary contributors to specific interactions between adsorbates and the MOF surface. Size exclusion also seems to play a role in the adsorption of larger species. These results show that the interaction of VOCs with MOFs is more complex than previously assumed and that more work is needed to probe the mechanisms of these processes.
Baseline-free pipeline monitoring using optical fiber–guided laser ultrasonics (2012)

This study develops an optical fiber–guided laser ultrasonic system and baseline-free damage detection method that enables structural health monitoring of pipelines employed under a high-temperature environment of nuclear power plants. First, this study designs embeddable optical fibers and fixing devices, so that the laser beams used for ultrasonic excitation and sensing could be transmitted between laser sources and target pipe surfaces through the optical fibers. All devices are specially designed for a high-temperature environment up to 300°C. Then, a damage detection method is developed to identify typical pipe defects without any previous baseline data. This technique is based on the premise that multiple identical wave paths exist in an intact axisymmetric pipe, but the similarity among the ultrasonic signals obtained from these identical wave paths breaks down when there is a nonaxisymmetric defect. The feasibility of the proposed technique has been experimentally verified using a stainless steel pipe specimen under a high-temperature environment.
A data locality optimizing algorithm (2004)

This paper proposes an algorithm that improves the locality of a loop nest by transforming the code via interchange, reversal, skewing and tiling. The loop transformation algorithm is based on two concepts: a mathematical formulation of reuse and locality, and a loop transformation theory that unifies the various transforms as unimodular matrix transformations.The algorithm has been implemented in the SUIF (Stanford University Intermediate Format) compiler, and is successful in optimizing codes such as matrix multiplication, successive over-relaxation (SOR), LU decomposition without pivoting, and Givens QR factorization. Performance evaluation indicates that locality optimization is especially crucial for scaling up the performance of parallel code.
The Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier Transcriptome: A New Resource for Understanding the Development and Function of Brain Endothelial Cells (2010)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains brain homeostasis and limits the entry of toxins and pathogens into the brain. Despite its importance, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating the development and function of this crucial barrier. In this study we have developed methods to highly purify and gene profile endothelial cells from different tissues, and by comparing the transcriptional profile of brain endothelial cells with those purified from the liver and lung, we have generated a comprehensive resource of transcripts that are enriched in the BBB forming endothelial cells of the brain. Through this comparison we have identified novel tight junction proteins, transporters, metabolic enzymes, signaling components, and unknown transcripts whose expression is enriched in central nervous system (CNS) endothelial cells. This analysis has identified that RXRalpha signaling cascade is specifically enriched at the BBB, implicating this pathway in regulating this vital barrier. This dataset provides a resource for understanding CNS endothelial cells and their interaction with neural and hematogenous cells.
Central zone of myocardial infarction: a neglected target area for heart cell therapy (2011)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fate of transplanted cells in the central zone of myocardial infarction (MI), and to clarify the relationship between the injection-site impact and the efficacy of cell therapy. MI was created by coronary ligation in female rats. Three weeks later, 3-million labelled male bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were directly injected into the border (BZC group) or central zone (CZC group) of MI area. As a control, culture medium was injected into the same sites. Cell survival was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and apoptosis was assayed with TUNEL and caspase-3 staining. Four weeks after transplantation, heart function and cardiac morphometry were evaluated by echocardiography and Masson's Trichrome staining, respectively. Angiogenesis and myogenesis were detected by immunofluorescence staining. After cell transplantation into the border or central zone, there was no cell migration between the different zones of MI. BMSCs in the CZC group exhibited no difference in apoptotic percentage, in the long-term survival, when compared with those in the BZC group. However, they did effectively promote angiogenesis and cellular myogenic differentiation. Although cell delivery in the central zone of MI had no effect on the recovery of heart function compared with the BZC group, the retained BMSCs could still increase the scar thickness, and subsequently exhibit a trend in the reverse remodelling of ventricular dilation. Hence, we concluded that the central zone of MI should not be ignored during cell-based therapy. Multiple site injection (border+central zone) is strongly recommended during the procedure of cell transplantation.
The lindlar‐catalyzed reduction of methyl santalbate: a facile preparation of methyl 9‐<i>cis</i>,11‐<i>trans</i>‐Octadecadienoate‐9,10‐d<sub>2</sub> (1999)

Abstract Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been associated with the reduction of chemically induced cancers in mice and rats and the suppression of atherosclerosis in rats. We have found seed oils to be a valuable source of precursors for the rapid preparation of gram quantities of deuterium‐labeled fats. Methyl santalbate (methyl 11‐ trans ‐octadecen‐9‐ynoate), obtained from Santalum album (Linn.) seed, was reduced with Lindlar catalyst, quinoline, and deuterium gas to produce, in yields of 65–75%, the gram quantities of methyl 9‐ cis ,11‐ trans ‐octadecadienoate‐9,10‐d 2 (CLA‐d 2 ) we required for metabolism and oxidation studies. Unlike monoacetylenic and methylene‐interrupted polyacetylenic fatty acid methyl esters, the conjugated system was reduced with no noticeable break in the rate of deuterium uptake. The quantity of poison (quinoline) present did influence the amount of CLA‐d 2 produced, but the production of overreduced fatty acid methyl esters (perhaps because of the conjugated system) could not be prevented. Fractionation of the reaction mixture by silver resin chromatography resulted in the isolation of >99% chemically pure CLA‐d 2 in yields of 60–70%.
Solvent-Free Solid-State Synthesis of High Yield Mixed Halide Perovskites for Easily Tunable Composition and Band Gap (2018)

We report the preparation of mixed halide hybrid perovskites (CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx) using a solvent-less mechanosynthesis route. Compositional analysis using EDXRF microscopy has confirmed the production of the desired materials. As relative abundance of halogen (x) increases, the tetragonal phase gradually transforms to cubic phase and the band gap tunability of the material is observed.
EZH2 Protein Expression Associates with the Early Pathogenesis, Tumor Progression, and Prognosis of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (2013)

In lung, EZH2 expression is involved in early pathogenesis of SCC and correlates with a more aggressive tumor behavior of adenocarcinoma. When EZH2 and TTF-1 expressions are considered together, they serve as a prognostic marker in patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas.
Improvement of Sintering, Thermal Behavior, and Electrical Properties of Calcium- and Transition Metal-Doped Yttrium Chromite (2010)

Calcium-doped yttrium chromite was additionally doped with various transition metals on B-site to improve the sintering, thermal behavior, and electrical properties for use as an interconnect material in solid oxide fuel cells. With 10% B-site addition of Co, Cu, Ni, Fe, and Mn, the orthorhombic perovskite structure remained stable over a wide range of oxygen partial pressures. The substitution of Cu for chromium remarkably improved the sinterability and the substitution of Co and Ni significantly improved the electrical conductivity. Fe substitution slightly improved sinterability and electrical conductivity, and Mn doping had a negative effect on those properties.