gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Proapoptotic Signaling Pathways in Interleukin-18-mediated Human Cardiac Endothelial Cell Death (2004)

Endothelial cells are the primary targets of circulating immune and inflammatory mediators. We hypothesize that interleukin-18, a proinflammatory cytokine, induces endothelial cell apoptosis. Human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC) were treated with interleukin (IL) 18. mRNA expression was analyzed by ribonuclease protection assay, protein levels by immunoblotting, and cell death by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. We also investigated the signal transduction pathways involved in IL-18-mediated cell death. Treatment of HCMEC with IL-18 increases 1) NF-kappaB DNA binding activity; 2) induces kappaB-driven luciferase activity; 3) induces IL-1beta and TNF-alpha expression via NF-kappaB activation; 4) inhibits antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L); 5) up-regulates proapoptotic Fas, Fas-L, and Bcl-X(S) expression; 6) induces fas and Fas-L promoter activities via NF-kappaB activation; 7) activates caspases-8, -3, -9, and BID; 8) induces cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm; 9) inhibits FLIP; and 10) induces HCME cell death by apoptosis as seen by increased annexin V staining and increased levels of mono- and oligonucleosomal fragmented DNA. Whereas overexpression of Bcl-2 significantly attenuated IL-18-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L) chimeric phosphorothioated 2'-MOE-modified antisense oligonucleotides potentiated the proapoptotic effects of IL-18. Furthermore, caspase-8, IKK-alpha, and NF-kappaB p65 knockdown or dominant negative IkappaB-alpha and dominant negative IkappaB-beta or kinase dead IKK-beta significantly attenuated IL-18-induced HCME cell death. Effects of IL-18 on cell death are direct and are not mediated by intermediaries such as IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or interferon-gamma. Taken together, our results indicate that IL-18 activates both intrinsic and extrinsic proapoptotic signaling pathways, induces endothelial cell death, and thereby may play a role in myocardial inflammation and injury.
Structural relationships between non-crystalline phases in AlMn and AlFeCr systems through EXAFS measurements (1989)

The authors report EXAFS experiments above the Mn K absorption edge in decagonal, icosahedral and amorphous phases of AlMn alloys and above the Fe and Cr edges in decagonal and icosahedral AlFeCr alloys. In icosahedral phases, the first shell of neighbours surrounding a Mn/Fe/Cr atom has been interpreted starting from a Mackay icosahedron modelling. For AlMn alloys, a relationship between nearest Mn-Mn pairs and magnetism results is suggested.
Microorganism‐Derived Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Materials for Oxygen Reduction and Supercapacitors (2012)

Abstract Heteroatom‐doped carbon (HDC) has attracted tremendous attention due to its promising application in energy conversion and storage. Herein, due to its abundance high rate of reproduction, the microorganism, Bacillus subtilis , is selected as a precursor. An effective ionothermal process is adopted to produce the HDCs. Using acid activation, the obtained sample exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity, long‐term stability, and excellent resistance to crossover effects in oxygen reduction. Additionally, the base‐treated sample exhibits superior performance in capacitors to most commercially available carbon materials. Even at a high current density, a relatively high capacitance is retained, indicating a great potential for direct application in energy storage.
The co-op. and after: A local film-maker speaks out (1977)

The Melbourne Film-maker's Co-Op. has been closed. There is no doubt that it made a major contribution to the Victorian film industry through the opportunities it provided for the production and screening of independent films.
Simultaneous presence of terminal adenylyl, cytidylyl, guanylyl, and uridylyl transferase in healthy tomato leaf tissue: separation from RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and characterization of the terminal transferases (1982)

The presence of terminal nucleotidyl transferase activities catalyzing the addition of AMP, CMP, GMP, and UMP residues to the 3' ends of oligonucleotide primers was detected in healthy tomato plants. These enzyme activities copurify with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initial stages of purification. Their separation from RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is finally achieved by DEAE chromatography: terminal transferase activities are retained on DEAE while RNA-dependent RNA polymerase does not bind in the presence of 20 mM MgCl2. Elution by a linear gradient of 0 to 400 mM NH4Cl releases all four terminal transferase activities from the DEAE column at a concentration of 270 mM NH4Cl, thus suggesting that they may belong to one enzyme molecule; this question, however, needs further clarification. The enzyme activities are completely dependent on the presence of an RNA primer and are strongly influenced by its base composition as well as its chain length. Characterization of the respective reaction products by electrophoresis on 15% polyacrylamide sequencing gels reveals striking differences as to the number of nucleotides added to a given primer. In the case of UMP transfer to U8 or A8 and in the case of GMP transfer to A8 only 1 to 6 nucleoside monophosphates are added to the 3' terminus of the oligonucleotide primer, whereas in the case of AMP transfer to A8 or U8, the CMP transfer to A8, and the GMP transfer to U8, longer chains of minimally 30 nucleotides are added to the respective primer. After gradient elution from DEAE the transferase preparation displays no nucleolytic activity when incubated in the presence of 3H-labelled ribosomal RNA or [3H]poly(A) X poly(U). Only in the case of [3H]poly(A) and [3H]poly(U) or [3H]poly(C) 10 to 15% of the radioactivity is transferred to acid-soluble counts.
Properties of Ion-Exchange Resins in Relation to their Structure. III. Kinetics of Exchange (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties of Ion-Exchange Resins in Relation to their Structure. III. Kinetics of ExchangeD. ReichenbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 3, 589–597Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01099a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01099a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3694Altmetric-Citations854LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A VERTEX PROPERTY OF REAL FUNCTION ALGEBRAS (1998)

We investigate a chain of properties of real function algebras along the analogous proofs of the complex cases such as the fact that any real function algebra which is both maximal and essential is pervasive. And some properties of real function algebras with a vertex property will be discussed. Comparing with complex Banach algebras, the study of real Banach algebras started quite late and not many researches have been done because the structure of real algebras is much more complicated to handle with than that of complex algebras. The rst mathematician who studied real Banach algebras systematically is known to be L. Ingelstam (I2) in the early 1960's. A typical example of complex (real, respectively) Banach algebras is C(X)(CR(X); respectively), the algebra of complex-valued (real-valued, respectively) continuous functions on a compact Haus- dor space X. Usually, a real function algebra can be understood as a real subalgebra ofCR(X). In this note we will consider a function algebra which lies in the complex algebra C(X) but has a real linear space structure under certain restriction. More pre- cisely, by a complex function algebra B on X we mean a uniformly closed complex subalgebra of C(X) which separates the points of X and contains the constant functions. Here point separation means that if x1 and x2 are distinct points of X then f(x1) 6 f(x2) for some function f in B. On the other hand, by a real function algebra A on (X; ) we mean a uniformly closed real subalgebra of the real
Investigation and Methods Using Various Release and Thermoplastic Bonding Materials to Reduce Die Shift and Wafer Warpage for eWLB Chip-First Processes (2019)

Today's fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) processes use organic substrates composed of epoxy mold compound (EMC) created using a thermal compression process. EMC wafers are a cost-effective way to achieve lower profile packages without using an inorganic substrate to produce chip packages that are thinner and faster without the need for interposers or through-silicon-vias (TSVs). One approach using embedded die technology (eWLB) for FOWLP is a chip-first (mold-first) die assembly in a face-down configuration on an intermediate carrier wafer. The ideal chip attachment scheme should minimize lateral movement of the die during over-mold (die shift) and also minimize vertical deformation of the bonding material which results in die protrusion (stand-off). An ideal die attach material should provide adequate adhesion to the EMC wafers without inducing excessive substrate warp, while permitting a suitable debonding process, including complete residue removal. The attachment scheme must also survive any thermal, mechanical, and chemical processes that are performed prior to carrier release. The bonding materials must also have sufficient adhesion to the EMC material to overcome such stress without bond failure. Preventing lateral die shift and deformation due to the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the carrier substrate and EMC material can be accomplished using an appropriate bonding material. Using a chip-first die attach process, this investigation will address die shift and deformation using various release and thermoplastic bonding materials. Combinations using different EMC products and carriers with various coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) are also included. Successful pairs will then undergo carrier release using either mechanical release or laser ablation release technology.
A Continuous Spectrophotometric Method for Measuring the Activity of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (1966)

Abstract A continuous spectrophotometric method for measuring serum alkaline phosphatase activity is described. The effects of temperature, pH, substrate concentration, type and molarity of the buffer, sample size, cofactors, and inhibitors on the enzymatic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate were studied. The optimal conditions for assay of serum alkaline phosphatase at 30° were found to be 0.75 M 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol buffer, pH30° 10.15, 4 mmole substrate, and 100 µl. or less sample size. Studies of the factors affecting analytical precision-i.e., control of reaction temperature, of reagent manufacture, and of standardization-are discussed. The precision of this method was 2.3% (relative standard deviation) on 10 within day replicates and 5.0% on day-to-day replicates spread over a 5-week period. The range of activity for 258 apparently healthy adult blood donors was 6-110 mU./ml. (International milliunits per milliliter), with a mean of 49 and a standard deviation of 14.
A Case Study (2010)

In Brief Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a progressive and chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that can lead to the development of neuropsychiatric syndromes, which are among the most serious complications of the disease. The neuroscience nurse will learn how to enhance the care of patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) by examining a case study of a person with SLE who experienced an acute onset of vertical binocular diplopia secondary to lupus vasculitis in the brainstem. In this work, the authors explore the neuropsychiatric elements of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a case discussion. Included are laboratory data, treatment modalities, assessment parameters, and implications for nursing practice.
Laser-cooled atoms inside a hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber (2011)

We describe the loading of laser-cooled rubidium atoms into a single-mode hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber. Inside the fiber, the atoms are confined by a far-detuned optical trap and probed by a weak resonant beam. We describe different loading methods and compare their trade-offs in terms of implementation complexity and atom-loading efficiency. The most efficient procedure results in loading of $~30$,000 rubidium atoms, which creates a medium with an optical depth of $~180$ inside the fiber. Compared to our earlier study [1] this represents a sixfold increase in the maximum achieved optical depth in this system.
Preliminary experience of infusional brachytherapy using colloidal 32P. (1996)

In the past, we have clinically evaluated radiolabelled antibodies in Hodgkin's disease and hepatocellular cancer. Increased tumour pressure, reduced vascularity and poor diffusion has limited significant radiolabelled antibody tumour dose deposition. Using intratumoural infusion of macroaggregated albumin to blockade exiting vasculature followed by colloidal chromic 32Phosphorous, we have been able to achieve 75% to 100% tumour dose deposition by interstitial tumour infusion under computerised tomographic guidance. Phase I studies in a variety of solid tumours indicate extremely high doses may be achieved without toxicity (i.e. non-resectable pancreas 900,000 cGy to 1.7 million cGy) with tumour control and remission. This is a review of those studies and how the technique was applied.
Infection With <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> Accelerates the Development of Atherosclerosis and Treatment With Azithromycin Prevents It in a Rabbit Model (1998)

Intranasal C pneumoniae infection accelerates intimal thickening in rabbits given a modestly cholesterol-enhanced diet. In addition, weekly treatment with azithromycin after infectious exposure prevents accelerated intimal thickening. These findings strengthen the etiologic link between C pneumoniae and atherosclerosis and should stimulate additional animal and human studies, including clinical antibiotic trials.
Reduction in Enamel Dissolution by Liquorice and Glycyrrhizinic Acid (1978)

Liquorice extracts and confections reduced enamel dissolution in acidic buffers and saliva/ glucose incubations by a direct effect on solubility, and by inhibiting the fall in pH on incubation. These actions may be attributed to the solubility-reducing, glycolysis-inhibiting, and buffering properties of glycyrrhizinic acid, a constituent of liquorice.
Soluble MICB serum levels correlate with disease stage and survival rate in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. (2010)

sMICB levels did not differ significantly from those in normal control individuals. However, the findings indicate that sMICB levels are significantly increased in stage IV OSCC and high sMICB levels are significantly associated with decreased survival rates in patients.
Influence of fetal and maternal genotype for circulating insulin-like growth factor I on fetal growth in mice (1994)

The role of insulin-like growth factor I in the regulation of fetal growth was investigated in two lines of mice selected for high or low concentrations of this factor in plasma. In Expt 1, females from each line were mated with males of the reciprocal line to generate fetuses of equivalent genotype. Females with low concentration of the factor in plasma exhibited the typical negative relationship between mean fetal mass and litter size (b = -0.032 +/- 0.006 g per fetus, P < 0.01). However, dams of the line with high concentrations of the factor did not exhibit this relationship (b = -0.004 +/- 0.006 g per fetus), despite the fact that they had 26% larger litters (P < 0.05) at a common maternal body mass. This difference in maternal constraint apparently reflects a greater capacity for nutrient transfer to the fetuses in the dams with more insulin-like growth factor I in plasma, as suggested by the absence of a relationship between mean placental mass and mean fetal mass in that line. In Expt 2, the effect of fetal genotype for insulin-like growth factor I was investigated by transferring embryos of the two lines into females of an unrelated strain. Fetuses from the line with high concentrations of the factor in plasma were heavier at term (1.51 versus 1.37 g, pooled SE = 0.05 g, P < 0.05) than fetuses from the line with low concentrations in plasma. It is therefore concluded that fetal growth is influenced by both the maternal and fetal genotypes for insulin-like growth factor I, but in qualitatively different manners.
Adhesion-Induced Instability Patterns in Thin Confined Elastic Film (2003)

Adhesion-induced instability has been observed at the interface of a flexible plate and a thin elastic film bonded to a rigid substrate. The surface of the confined film develops undulations almost instantaneously, and instability patterns appear in the form of fingers or bubbles at the interface. The characteristic wavelengths of these instabilities remain independent of all material and geometrical properties of the system except the thickness of the film. These observations contrast sharply with the Saffman−Taylor-type phenomenon in which the length scale of the instability patterns depends on the viscous and surface tension forces in addition to the thickness of the liquid film. The analogy between the phenomenon reported here and the Rayleigh−Kelvin instability with curved liquid menisci is more pronounced, as, in both cases, surface force triggers the instability while not determining its wavelength. The instability also throws light on cavitation phenomena in confined adhesive layers.
Methods for the Preparation of Large Quantities of Complex Single-Stranded Oligonucleotide Libraries (2014)

Custom-defined oligonucleotide collections have a broad range of applications in fields of synthetic biology, targeted sequencing, and cytogenetics. Also, they are used to encode information for technologies like RNA interference, protein engineering and DNA-encoded libraries. High-throughput parallel DNA synthesis technologies developed for the manufacture of DNA microarrays can produce libraries of large numbers of different oligonucleotides, but in very limited amounts. Here, we compare three approaches to prepare large quantities of single-stranded oligonucleotide libraries derived from microarray synthesized collections. The first approach, alkaline melting of double-stranded PCR amplified libraries with a biotinylated strand captured on streptavidin coated magnetic beads results in little or no non-biotinylated ssDNA. The second method wherein the phosphorylated strand of PCR amplified libraries is nucleolyticaly hydrolyzed is recommended when small amounts of libraries are needed. The third method combining in vitro transcription of PCR amplified libraries to reverse transcription of the RNA product into single-stranded cDNA is our recommended method to produce large amounts of oligonucleotide libraries. Finally, we propose a method to remove any primer binding sequences introduced during library amplification.
Functional cross‐talk between endothelial muscarinic and <i>α</i><sub>2</sub>‐adrenergic receptors in rabbit cerebral arteries (1998)

Interactions between two classes of receptors have been observed in several cell lines and preparations. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of simultaneous stimulation of endothelial muscarinic and alpha2-adrenergic receptors (alpha2-AR) on vascular reactivity. Rabbit middle cerebral arteries were isolated and changes in isometric tension were recorded in the presence of indomethacin. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG, 100 micromol l(-1)) revealed alpha-AR-dependent contractions. Pre-addition of acetylcholine (ACH, 1 micromol l(-1)) augmented oxymetazoline (OXY, 10 micromol l(-1), alpha2-AR agonist)-, but decreased phenylephrine (PE, 10 micromol(-1), alpha1-AR agonist)-induced contraction (P<0.05). The effects of ACH were endothelium-dependent. Vessels were precontracted with 40 mmol l(-1) KCl-physiological salt solution (PSS) in the absence of L-NOARG, or PE or OXY in the presence of L-NOARG. In the presence of high external K+ or PE, ACH induced a potent relaxation (P<0.05). In the presence of OXY, however, ACH mediated contraction (P<0.05). After pertussis toxin (PTX, inactivator of Galpha(i/o) proteins) pre-treatment, alpha2-AR-dependent contractions were abolished. Forty mmol l(-1) KCl-PSS induced contraction was not altered by PTX whereas ACH-induced relaxation was augmented (P<0.05). To investigate if endothelin-1 (ET-1) intervened in the endothelium-dependent contractile response to ACH in the presence of OXY-dependent tone, vessels were incubated in the presence of BQ123 (1 micromol l(-1)), an ETA receptor antagonist. OXY-mediated tone was not affected by BQ123; however, ACH-induced contraction was reversed to a relaxation (P<0.05). These data indicate that activation of endothelial alpha2-AR triggers an endothelium-dependent, ET-1 mediated, contraction to ACH. This suggests that activation of alpha2-AR affects muscarinic receptor/G protein coupling leading to an opposite biological effect.
Improvement of drive range, acceleration and deceleration performance in an electric vehicle propulsion system (2003)

This paper presents technologies that will be employed in a battery electric vehicle, aiming at improving the vehicle drive range, acceleration and deceleration performance and reducing the cost. Firstly it discusses a short-term power management scheme employing a high-power-density ultracapacitor bank to load level a high-energy-density, cost-effective but low-power-density Zn-Br battery for satisfactory overall performance of the vehicle power source. Then it looks at the issue of constant power operation of a BDCM propulsion system. A novel multifunctional DC-DC converter topology has been proposed for both short-term power management and the constant power operation of the BDCM propulsion system. It features simple circuitry, high efficiency, and low cost. Analysis of the operation principles of the multifunctional DC-DC converter is given. Control methods of regenerative braking of a BDCM at different operation modes are especially addressed.