gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Windows-based animation with Proof/sup TM/ (1998)

Proof Animation/sup TM/ is a family of products for animating discrete event simulations. Proof is available in a variety of versions, including an inexpensive, student version, mid size and unlimited size commercial versions, a run time version, and a royalty-free, redistributable demo viewer. Proof is an ASCII stream driven, general purpose animation system which runs on readily available PC hardware. Its vector based geometry provides a large animation canvas and the ability to zoom in or out, while maintaining crisp, clear images. Proof includes built-in drawing tools and CAD import/export for ease of creating animation layouts, dynamic bar graphs and plots for displaying statistics, multiple window display, and a unique presentation making capability. Proof's open architecture makes it ideally suited for serving as an animation engine for models written in a wide variety of simulation and programming languages. Proof's superior power and performance assure smooth, realistic motion for animations, regardless of their size, complexity, or application. Proof uses Microsoft's DirectDraw/sup TM/ interface for accessing video hardware. DirectDraw is a built-in component of Windows 98 and Windows NT 5.0, and it is available as an add-on for Windows 95. Proof is able to exploit high performance MMX hardware.
Designing and comparing automated test oracles for GUI-based software applications (2007)

Test designers widely believe that the overall effectiveness and cost of software testing depends largely on the type and number of test cases executed on the software. This article shows that the test oracle , a mechanism that determines whether a software is executed correctly for a test case, also significantly impacts the fault detection effectiveness and cost of a test case. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs), which have become ubiquitous for interacting with today's software, have created new challenges for test oracle development. Test designers manually “assert” the expected values of specific properties of certain GUI widgets in each test case; during test execution, these assertions are used as test oracles to determine whether the GUI executed correctly. Since a test case for a GUI is a sequence of events, a test designer must decide: (1) what to assert; and (2) how frequently to check an assertion, for example, after each event in the test case or after the entire test case has completed execution. Variations of these two factors significantly impact the fault-detection ability and cost of a GUI test case. A technique to declaratively specify different types of automated GUI test oracles is described. Six instances of test oracles are developed and compared in an experiment on four software systems. The results show that test oracles do affect the fault detection ability of test cases in different and interesting ways: (1) Test cases significantly lose their fault detection ability when using “weak” test oracles; (2) in many cases, invoking a “thorough” oracle at the end of test case execution yields the best cost-benefit ratio; (3) certain test cases detect faults only if the oracle is invoked during a small “window of opportunity” during test execution; and (4) using thorough and frequently-executing test oracles can compensate for not having long test cases.
Physical properties and brittle strength of thermally cracked granite under confinement (2013)

Effects of thermal crack damage on the rupture processes of a fine‐grained granite were investigated under triaxial stress, under water (wet) and argon gas (dry) saturated conditions, and at room temperature. Thermal cracking was introduced by slowly heating and cooling two samples of La Peyratte granite up to 700°C, which were compared to two intact specimens. For each rock sample, a hydrostatic test was first carried up to 90 MPa effective pressure (5 MPa constant pore pressure). The samples were then deformed to failure at a constant strain rate of 2.10 −6 s −1 , at 30 MPa effective pressure. Our results show that (1) permeability of heat‐treated specimens was 4–5 orders of magnitude larger than that of intact specimens at low effective mean pressure; (2) nevertheless, at our experimental conditions (2.10 −6 s −1 ), thermal cracking had no significant influence on the brittle strength; (3) similarly, no obvious water weakening effect was observed; (4) however, with increasing stress, elastic anisotropy appeared at lower differential stress in heat‐treated specimens than in intact ones, but close to failure, the magnitude of P wave anisotropy was approximately the same for both types of specimens; (5) acoustic emission hypocenter locations and P wave velocity anisotropy in the basal plane demonstrate that strain localization started right at the onset of dilatancy for heat‐treated specimens, later in the intact specimens; and (6) inverting wave velocities for crack density, we show that failure was reached for vertical crack densities of 0.35 for dry specimens and possibly 0.5 for water‐saturated specimens.
Synthesis and Characterization of Lipooligosaccharide-Based Conjugate Vaccines for Serotype B <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> (2005)

Moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in the elderly. Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is a major surface antigen of the bacterium that elicits bactericidal antibodies. Serological studies show that three major LOS types (A, B, and C) have been identified among clinical isolates. Our previous studies demonstrated that the type A LOS-based conjugates were immunogenic in animals. In this study, LOS from type B strain 26397 was detoxified and conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) or a cross-reactive mutant (CRM) of diphtheria toxin to form detoxified LOS (dLOS)-TT and dLOS-CRM, respectively, as vaccine candidates. The molar ratios of dLOS to TT and CRM in the conjugates were 43:1 and 19:1, respectively, while both weight ratios were around 0.9. The antigenicity of the conjugates was similar to that of the LOS, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a rabbit antiserum to strain 26397. Subcutaneous immunization with each conjugate elicited a 180- to 230-fold rise of serum anti-LOS immunoglobulin G in mice and >2,000-fold rise in rabbits. In addition, both mouse and rabbit antisera showed elevated complement-mediated bactericidal activity against the homologous strain, and a representative rabbit antiserum showed bactericidal activity against nine of twelve clinical isolates studied. The bactericidal activity of the rabbit antiserum can be fully inhibited by the type B LOS but not the A or C LOS. These results indicate that the type B LOS-based conjugates can be used as vaccine components for further investigation.
Reversal of Tamoxifen Resistance of Human Breast Carcinomas In Vivo by Neutralizing Antibodies to Transforming Growth Factor-  (1999)

These data suggest that host NK function mediates, in part, the antitumor effect of tamoxifen and that TGF-beta2 may abrogate this mechanism, thus contributing to tamoxifen resistance.
Sequencing a Genome by Walking with Clone-End Sequences: A Mathematical Analysis (1999)

One approach to sequencing a large genome is (1) to sequence a collection of nonoverlapping "seeds" chosen from a genomic library of large-insert clones [such as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs)] and then (2) to take successive "walking" steps by selecting and sequencing minimally overlapping clones, using information such as clone-end sequences to identify the overlaps. In this paper we analyze the strategic issues involved in using this approach. We derive formulas showing how two key factors, the initial density of seed clones and the depth of the genomic library used for walking, affect the cost and time of a sequencing project-that is, the amount of redundant sequencing and the number of steps to cover the vast majority of the genome. We also discuss a variant strategy in which a second genomic library with clones having a somewhat smaller insert size is used to close gaps. This approach can dramatically decrease the amount of redundant sequencing, without affecting the rate at which the genome is covered.
A Simple Cost-Effective Design for Construction of a Laparoscopic Trainer (2005)

Background and Purpose: Laparoscopic trainers have been shown to be effective tools for transitioning residents in surgical fields into live laparoscopic techniques. There have been few reports of homemade trainers, but each of these reports provides only scant detail about their construction, making production a novel task to those interested in employing this equipment. Virtual-reality trainers are gaining popularity and are exceptional modalities in the re-creation of laparoscopic surgery. In their present state, however, such trainers are very costly, making them unattainable by most urology residency programs. Numerous commercial non-virtual trainers are also available; however, these trainers are often cost-prohibitive or overly simplistic. Methods and Results: We describe a detailed design template for creation of a laparoscopic trainer based on modifications of previous designs. This trainer can be made easily at a cost of approximately US$275.00 and may be used in conjunction with existing laparoscopic equipment. The methods described herein can be followed by any local machinist to create this trainer. Conclusion: The relatively low total cost, ready material availability, and ease of construction make this trainer an appropriate option for the training of residents in laparoscopic procedures.
Taste Peptide Fractionation from a Fish Protein Hydrolysate (1973)

Various proteases were compared with each other for their ability of generating tastes from a fish protein concentrate (FPC), and Pronase was selected as an enzyme producing a large amount of brothy taste peptides. From the FPC hydrolysate obtained by treatment with this enzyme, an acidic fraction of mol. wt. lower than 1000 was prepared by ultrafiltration and subsequently by column treatments with activated charcoal and two different ion-exchangers. The acidic fraction was rechromatographed on Amberlite CG-120 to obtain a fraction containing neither free aspartic acid nor free glutamic acid. The resultant acidic, oligopeptide fraction was found to taste considerably brothy and have a favorable after-taste effect.
Low Jitter and Multirate Clock and Data Recovery Circuit Using a MSADLL for Chip-to-Chip Interconnection (2004)

A fully integrated clock and data recovery circuit (CDR) using a multiplying shifted-averaging delay locked loop and a rate-detection circuit is presented. It can achieve wide range and low jitter operation. A duty-cycle-insensitive phase detector is also proposed to mitigate the dependency on clock duty cycle variations. The experimental prototype has been fabricated in a 0.25-/spl mu/m 1P5M CMOS technology and occupies an active area of 2.89 mm/sup 2/. The measured CDR could operate from 125 Mb/s to 2.0 Gb/s with a bit error rate better than 10/sup -12/ from a 2.5-V supply. Over the entire operating frequency range, the maximum rms jitter of the recovered clock is less than 4 ps.
THE CATALYTIC CONDENSATION OF ACETYLENE WITH BENZENE AND ITS HOMOLOGS (1923)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CATALYTIC CONDENSATION OF ACETYLENE WITH BENZENE AND ITS HOMOLOGSJoseph S. Reichert and J. A. NieuwlandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1923, 45, 12, 3090–3091Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1923Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1923https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01665a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01665a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
107. New therapeutic agents of the quinoline series. Part II. Dipyridylquinolines (1943)

A. H. Cook, I. M. Heilbron, D. H. Hey, A. Lambert and A. Spinks, J. Chem. Soc., 1943, 404 DOI: 10.1039/JR9430000404
Scanning Structure–Activity Relationships with Structure–Activity Similarity and Related Maps: From <i>Consensus Activity Cliffs</i> to <i>Selectivity Switches</i> (2012)

Systematic description of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of data sets and structure-property relationships (SPRs) is of paramount importance in medicinal chemistry and other research fields. To this end, structure-activity similarity (SAS) maps are one of the first tools proposed to describe SARs using the concept of activity landscape modeling. One of the major goals of the SAS maps is to identify activity cliffs defined as chemical compounds with high similar structure but unexpectedly very different biological activity. Since the first publication of the SAS maps more than ten years ago, these tools have evolved and adapted over the years to analyze various types of compound collections, including structural diverse and combinatorial sets with activity for one or multiple biological end points. The development of SAS maps has led to general concepts that are applicable to other activity landscape methods such as "consensus activity cliffs" (activity cliffs common to a series of representations or descriptors) and "selectivity switches" (structural changes that completely invert the selectivity pattern of similar compounds against two biological end points). Herein, we review the development, practical applications, limitations, and perspectives of the SAS and related maps which are intuitive and powerful informatics tools to computationally analyze SPRs.
Wearable monitoring of sleep-disordered breathing: estimation of the apnea–hypopnea index using wrist-worn reflective photoplethysmography (2020)

A large part of the worldwide population suffers from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a disorder impairing the restorative function of sleep and constituting a risk factor for several cardiovascular pathologies. The standard diagnostic metric to define OSA is the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), typically obtained by manually annotating polysomnographic recordings. However, this clinical procedure cannot be employed for screening and for long-term monitoring of OSA due to its obtrusiveness and cost. Here, we propose an automatic unobtrusive AHI estimation method fully based on wrist-worn reflective photoplethysmography (rPPG), employing a deep learning model exploiting cardiorespiratory and sleep information extracted from the rPPG signal trained with 250 recordings. We tested our method with an independent set of 188 heterogeneously disordered clinical recordings and we found it estimates the AHI with a good agreement to the gold standard polysomnography reference (correlation = 0.61, estimation error = 3±10 events/h). The estimated AHI was shown to reliably assess OSA severity (weighted Cohen's kappa = 0.51) and screen for OSA (ROC-AUC = 0.84/0.86/0.85 for mild/moderate/severe OSA). These findings suggest that wrist-worn rPPG measurements that can be implemented in wearables such as smartwatches, have the potential to complement standard OSA diagnostic techniques by allowing unobtrusive sleep and respiratory monitoring.
The role of psychosocial variables in physician judgement of pain-related disability : original research (2007)

Objective : The current study aimed to determine the extent to which physicians take psychosocial factors into account when making pain-related judgements of disability.
Subjects and Method : 228 chronic pain patients completed the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI), while 69 completed both this instrument and the Addiction Potential, Anxiety, Health Concerns and Depression supplementary subscales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - 2 (MMPI-2). Physicians were required to provide diagnoses, as well as ratings of functional ability for each patient. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted in order to determine the degree to which psychosocial variables predicted physician ratings of patient functional ability.
Results : Psychosocial variables were found to predict physician assessments of patients' level of occupational functioning, general satisfaction with life and physician perceptions of the role that psychosocial their risk of analgesic dependence. Depression and anxiety symptoms predicted factors played in patients' pain experiences. Health concerns were predictive of physician assessments of analgesic dependence amongst patients.
Conclusion : While certain psychosocial factors appear to be considered by physicians during pain-related disability assessment, psychiatric symptoms and physical pathology seem to weigh heavier in the process.
Macrocyclic Cyclooctene‐Supported AlCl–Salen Catalysts for Conjugated Addition Reactions: Effect of Linker and Support Structure on Catalysis (2008)

AlCl-salen (salen=N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine dianion) catalysts supported onto macrocyclic oligomeric cyclooctene through linkers of varying length and flexibility have been developed to demonstrate the importance of support architecture on catalyst activity. The role played by the support and the linkers in dictating catalyst activity was found to vary for reactions with contrasting mechanisms, such as the bimetallic cyanide and the monometallic indole addition reactions. While the flexible support significantly enhanced the cyanide addition reaction, most likely by improving salen-salen interactions in the transition state, it lowered the reaction rate for the monometallic indole reaction. For both reactions, significant increase in catalytic activity was observed for catalysts with the longest linkers. The effect of the flexible macrocyclic support on catalysis was further exemplified by the enhanced activity of the supported catalyst in comparison with its unsupported analogue for the conjugate addition of tetrazoles, which is known to be catalyzed by dimeric mu-oxo-salen catalysts. Our studies with the cyclooctene supported AlCl-salen catalysts provides significant insights for rationally designing highly efficient AlCl-salen catalysts for a diverse set of reactions.
A new security policy for distributed resource management and access control (1996)

The common security policies of access control and resource management are based upon a central managing authority, called the system administration, that is ultimately responsible for the management of a usage policy. This management is usually done with some combination of mandatory access control and discretionary access control methods, where each user is granted (or denied) privileges and resources depending on the usage policies enforced at that particular system. System administration includes the management of system resources, user accounts, and user privileges. This security policy is typified by an operating system such as UNIX, and it introduces several dificulties when working in a distributed computing environment. This paper addresses distributed resource management and access control. It proposes a new version of the "Distributed Compartment Model" (DChf), first developed by Greenwald in his 1994 doctoral dissertation.
Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of pre-eclampsia (2018)

Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal mortality, responsible annually for over 60,000 maternal deaths around the globe. Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disease featuring hypertension, proteinuria, and renal, hepatic, and neurological involvement. Diagnosis is often elusive, as clinical presentation is highly variable. Even those with severe disease can remain asymptomatic. Angiogenic factors are emerging as having a role in the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia and in prognostication of established disease. In this article, we summarize new developments and focus on angiogenic biomarkers for prediction of disease onset. We also discuss recent advances in management strategies for patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Theoretical approaches to intramolecular electron transfer processes (1978)

Abstract Theoretical issues that must be considered for calculating rates of intramolecular electron transfer are discussed. The process itself is well defined only if the ground state is well approximated by a localized electronic function (Robin–Day class I or II). Under those conditions, the linear‐response formalism yields the rate as the Fourier transform of the particle–hole propagator. We discuss the validity of electron propagators as approximations to particle‐hole propagators, and find that they are valid, for simple models, within the stability range of the Hartree–Fock procedure. The vibronic nature of the transfer process is stressed, and formal schemes are given for calculating direct and through‐bridge transfer rates. Outstanding difficulties, and applications to biological systems, are very briefly noted.
Geometrical photoisomerization of (Z )-cyclooctene sensitized by aromatic phosphate, phosphonate, phosphinate, phosphine oxide and chiral phosphoryl esters (1998)

Aromatic phosphate, phosphonate, phosphinate and phosphine oxide have been used as effective sensitizers for the geometrical photoisomerization of (Z)-cyclooctene (1Z) to its highly strained (E)-isomer (1E). Photosensitizations with phosphate and phosphonate gave moderate photostationary-state E/Z ratios of 0.14–0.17. A comparative study of the fluorescence quenching experiments and kinetic analysis of the product yield demonstrate that the photosensitized isomerization proceeds through a mixed mechanism that involves both singlet and triplet excited states. Triphenylphosphine oxide is not fluorescent and gave a low photostationary-state E/Z ratio of 0.05. Using (–)-menthyl or (–)-bornyl phosphate, phosphonate and phosphinate as chiral sensitizers, the enantiodifferentiating photoisomerization of 1Z was performed to afford optically active 1E in enantiomeric excesses ⩽5%.
Rate control for layered video compression using matching pursuits (1999)

The use of matching pursuits (MP) to compress motion compensated residual video signals and its extension to layered coding have recently been demonstrated. In this paper we describe a multi-pass rate control scheme for SNR scalable encoding based on MP. The rate control algorithm enforces constant quality on each layer, while keeping the bit budget for each layer at a pre-specified target level. We formulate this as a zero finding problem, and solve it using Newton's method. Experimental results on 14 video Sequences are included, showing that layered video can be encoded at constant quality in about 5 encoding iterations per layer, while satisfying bit budget constraints with 1.5% tolerance.