gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agricultural and Food Chemistry Contributions to Fulfilling the Promise of Biofuels (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTAgricultural and Food Chemistry Contributions to Fulfilling the Promise of BiofuelsJames N. Seiber, EditorView Author Information Journal of Agricultural and Food ChemistryCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58, 23, 12063–12064Publication Date (Web):November 11, 2010Publication History Published online11 November 2010Published inissue 8 December 2010https://doi.org/10.1021/jf103996uCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2099Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (603 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biofuels,Energy,Food,Fuels,Plants Get e-Alerts
<title>Automated system for distributed sensing</title> (1998)

A distributed strain and temperature sensor system based on the Brillouin loss principle has been constructed. Computer control software has been developed to automate the measurement process for this system. This paper describes the data processing performed by the software and the rationale behind its development. Several methods of measuring Brillouin loss signals are described with a discussion of the merits of each. Results from a simple experiment are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the automated system.
Characteristics and adaptive control of pneumatic muscle actuators for a robotic elbow (2002)

Problems with the control and compliance of pneumatic systems have prevented their widespread use in advanced robotics. However, their compactness, power/weight ratio and inherent safety are factors that could potentially be exploited in sophisticated dexterous manipulator designs. This paper considers the development of a new high power/weight and power/volume braided pneumatic muscle actuator (PMA) having considerable power output potential, combined with controllable motion and inherent compliance to prevent damage to handled objects. Control of these muscles is explored via adaptive pole-placement controllers. Experimental results indicate that accurate position control /spl plusmn/1/spl deg/ is feasible with power/weight outputs in excess of 1 kW/kg at 200 kPa being possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Planta Expression Screens of<i>Phytophthora infestans</i>RXLR Effectors Reveal Diverse Phenotypes, Including Activation of the<i>Solanum bulbocastanum</i>Disease Resistance Protein Rpi-blb2 (2009)

The Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans is predicted to secrete hundreds of effector proteins. To address the challenge of assigning biological functions to computationally predicted effector genes, we combined allele mining with high-throughput in planta expression. We developed a library of 62 infection-ready P. infestans RXLR effector clones, obtained using primer pairs corresponding to 32 genes and assigned activities to several of these genes. This approach revealed that 16 of the 62 examined effectors cause phenotypes when expressed inside plant cells. Besides the well-studied AVR3a effector, two additional effectors, PexRD8 and PexRD36(45-1), suppressed the hypersensitive cell death triggered by the elicitin INF1, another secreted protein of P. infestans. One effector, PexRD2, promoted cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana and other solanaceous plants. Finally, two families of effectors induced hypersensitive cell death specifically in the presence of the Solanum bulbocastanum late blight resistance genes Rpi-blb1 and Rpi-blb2, thereby exhibiting the activities expected for Avrblb1 and Avrblb2. The AVRblb2 family was then studied in more detail and found to be highly variable and under diversifying selection in P. infestans. Structure-function experiments indicated that a 34-amino acid region in the C-terminal half of AVRblb2 is sufficient for triggering Rpi-blb2 hypersensitivity and that a single positively selected AVRblb2 residue is critical for recognition by Rpi-blb2.
Newcomer Heats Up the Race for Practical Fuel Cells (2004)

Powering cars with fuel cells is an inviting prospect. The devices siphon electricity from fuel efficiently and without pollution. But they still face a bumpy road: The fuel cells most carmakers are pinning their hopes on—called polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells—have considerable drawbacks. They're expensive and operate at low temperatures, which reduces their efficiency and makes their fuel-converting catalyst prone to being poisoned by traces of carbon monoxide (CO) often present in the fuel. Two years ago, a group led by Sossina Haile of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena offered a potential solution. Haile replaced the polymer electrolyte with one made from a crystalline material called a solid acid, which promised to be cheaper and more tolerant of CO. But solid-acid fuel cells had their own issues. Chief among them: The hydrogen fuel powering the cells reacts with sulfur in the crystals, causing the material to disintegrate.
A novel SoC architecture on FPGA for ultra fast face detection (2009)

Face detection is the cornerstone of a wide range of applications such as video surveillance, robotic vision and biometric authentication. One of the biggest challenges in face detection based applications is the speed at which faces can be accurately detected. In this paper, we present a novel SoC (System on Chip) architecture for ultra fast face detection in video or other image rich content. Our implementation is based on an efficient and robust algorithm that uses a cascade of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifiers on AdaBoost trained Haar features. The face detector architecture extracts the coarse grained parallelism by efficiently overlapping different computation phases while taking advantage of the finegrained parallelism at the module level. We provide details on the parallelism extraction achieved by our architecture and show experimental results that portray the efficiency of our face detection implementation. For the implementation and evaluation of our architecture we used the Xilinx FX130T Virtex5 FPGA device on the ML510 development board. Our performance evaluations indicate that a speedup of around 100X can be achieved over a SSE-optimized software implementation running on a 2.4 GHz Core-2 Quad CPU. The detection speed reaches 625 frames per sec (fps).
Global Modeling Strategy of Parasitic Coupled Currents Induced by Minority-Carrier Propagation in Semiconductor Substrates (2009)

This paper presents a modeling strategy to simulate the propagation of electrical perturbations induced by direct biasing of substrate junctions. Usually, this is done by identifying parasitic substrate devices such as bipolar transistors. However, mapping a topology with these bipolar transistors rapidly reaches its limits when several junctions are acting at the same time. In this paper, we propose a new modeling methodology of parasitic signals. It relies on a generalized model of p-n junctions and resistances that takes into account minority-carrier densities and gradients at the boundaries. We show that bipolar-transistor- and thyristor-related effects can be obtained from a network interconnection of these extended devices. Furthermore, we show that this modeling approach could be easily extended to simulate complex 3-D layouts.
Direct construction of nonuniform block orthogonal transforms (2000)

The block orthogonal transforms (BOTS) are widely used as a basic technology for processing of voice and video signals. Many BOTs are known at present. However, most of them are uniform BOTs in which the signals are divided into equally spaced frequency bands such as DCT. In general, if the frequency range is nonuniformly divided, there is a possibility that the signal can be processed more efficiently than the case of uniform spacing. Among the methods of configuration of the nonuniform BOT (NUBOT) in which the frequency band is divided into nonuniform spacing, the easiest realization is to connect uniformly spaced BOTs (filter banks) in a tree fashion. In such a tree configuration, the characteristics of each fillet cannot be controlled directly. Therefore, an optimum NUBOT in terms of coding efficiency cannot be realized. In this paper, a method is proposed to realize an optimum NUBOT by direct configuration without a tree configuration. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(4): 21–29, 2001
Investigation of InP etching mechanisms in a Cl2/H2 inductively coupled plasma by optical emission spectroscopy (2009)

Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has been used in order to investigate the InP etching mechanisms in a Cl2–H2 inductively coupled plasma. The authors have previously shown that anisotropic etching of InP could be achieved for a H2 percentage in the 35%–45% range where the InP etch rate also presents a local maximum [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 24, 2381 (2006)], and that anisotropic etching was due to an enhanced passivation of the etched sidewalls by a silicon oxide layer [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 26, 666 (2008)]. In this work, it is shown that this etching behavior is related to a maximum in the H atom concentration in the plasma. The possible enhancement of the sidewall passivation process in the presence of H is investigated by comparing OES measurements and etching results obtained for Cl2–H2 and Cl2–Ar gas mixtures.
Redox oxidative cracking of <i>n</i>-hexane with Fe-substituted barium hexaaluminates as redox catalysts (2019)

Promoted hexaaluminate redox catalysts achieved excellent olefin yield while allowing autothermal redox oxidative cracking of naphtha with low CO<sub>x</sub> formation.
Reduction of Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Single Bi‐Te Core/Shell Nanowires with Rough Interface (2011)

The role of the interface roughness of Bi-Te core/shell nanowires is reported in reducing lattice thermal conductivity, which are prepared by on-film formation of nanowire (OFF-ON) that is capable of growing high-quality single-crystalline Bi nanowires, and by the subsequent sputtering of Te onto the Bi nanowires. The rough interface Bi-Te core/shell nanowires exhibit lower thermal conductivities than that of smooth interface counterparts, while electrical conductivities for these two types of nanowires are similar. We propose that the rough interface plays a pivotal role in suppressing phonon transport, which in turn, reduces thermal conductivity significantly.
Lead resistance in micro-organisms (2013)

Lead (Pb) is an element present in the environment that negatively affects all living organisms. To diminish its high toxicity, micro-organisms have developed several mechanisms that allow them to survive exposure to Pb(II). The main mechanisms of lead resistance involve adsorption by extracellular polysaccharides, cell exclusion, sequestration as insoluble phosphates, and ion efflux to the cell exterior. This review describes the various lead resistance mechanisms, and the regulation of their expression by lead binding regulatory proteins. Special attention is given to the Pbr system from Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34, which involves a unique mechanism combining efflux and lead precipitation.
Studies on Iridoid-related Compounds III: Gentiopicral, the Aglucone of Gentiopicroside (1983)

Enzymatic hydrolysis of gentiopicroside ( 1) provided the new aglucone, gentiopicral ( 2), the structure of which was firmly elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods.
Abstract 2720: “Stop telling us what to do and tell us how to do it”: A Qualitative Meta-Analysis of Skill Development in Heart Failure Self-Care (2008)

Background : Heart failure (HF) self-care requires both knowledge and skill, but little attention has been given to identifying how to improve skill in HF self-care. Methods: We assessed what self-care skills are needed and how patients develop these skills using qualitative descriptive meta-analysis techniques. Transcripts from three mixed methods studies (n=85) were re-examined and translated to yield themes about the process of developing skill in HF self-care, defined as behaviors that maintain physiologic stability (maintenance) and the response to symptoms when they occur (management). Results: The sample was 63.5% Caucasian and 58.8% male, mean age of 55.69 years (± 13.42). Most (52.9%) were NYHA class III. Narrative accounts of HF self-care revealed that the most challenging self-care maintenance skills were diet, and exercise. The management skill that was most challenging was how to titrate diuretics in response to a weight gain. Skills developed over time through coaching by trusted resources (mostly friends or family with HF). Tactical skills (“how to” prepare low salt meals; “how to” start an exercise plan) were helped by role-playing. Situational skills (“what to do when”) most essential for self-care management were evident in descriptions of how they planned for special occasions. For example, significant others helped patients think through how to manage symptoms of fluid retention while traveling. Few patients saw traditional healthcare providers as resources they could call upon to aid them in developing tactical and situational skills. Patient education was not identified as a factor associated with the development of HF self-care skill. Rather, they struggled to operationalize the self-care knowledge they attained. Conclusion: Skill in HF self-care evolves over time, with experience and practice, as patients learned how to make self-care practices fit into their daily lives, but coaching by nurses may help patients develop the skill needed to master self-care skills. Research testing coaching interventions that target skill building tactics such as role-playing in specific situations is needed.
An Inexpensive Electronically Controlled Constant Rate Addition Funnel (1972)

The construction of an inexpensive electronically controlled constant rate addition funnel is described. The device is capable of slowly adding liquid reagents to a chemical reaction and features both variable pulse intervals and variable pulse width.
Physiological linkage in couples and its implications for individual and interpersonal functioning: A literature review. (2015)

Do partners' levels of physiological arousal become linked in close relationships? The term physiological linkage describes covariation between people in their moment-to-moment physiological states. The current review presents a conceptual framework to guide research on linkage in romantic relationships and discusses the potential implications of being linked. Evidence of linkage was found across a broad range of physiological indices and in a variety of contexts, including during laboratory-based conflict and in daily life. Four hypotheses regarding how linkage relates to individual and interpersonal functioning are evaluated: (a) coactivation of the sympathetic nervous system or the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis is "bad," (b) moderate physiological linkage is "just right," (c) physiological linkage is problematic if the individual or couple is overloaded, and (d) the implications of physiological linkage depend on the emotional context. We found partial support for the first hypothesis and determined that more research is needed to evaluate the remaining hypotheses. Linkage in cortisol was negatively associated with relationship satisfaction; but, at the same time, linkage in multiple systems was positively associated with indices of relationship connectedness, such as the amount of time spent together and the ability to identify the emotions of one's partner. These results suggest that linkage may confer benefits but also may put couples at risk if they become entrenched in patterns of conflict or stress. With research in this area burgeoning in recent years, this review indicates that linkage is a promising construct with applications for interventions targeting individual health and couple functioning.
Investigating minority carrier trapping in n-type Cz silicon by transient photoconductance measurements (2012)

Minority carrier trapping was investigated in n-type Cz silicon by means of transient-photoconductance (PCD). A simplified Hornbeck and Haynes model was developed for fitting results from transient-PCD to calculate trap density, and it was found to be identical to the model developed for quasi-steady-state photoconductance technique. This indicates that the model can be applied to all photoconductance techniques for lifetime measurement. The results revealed that the trap density is dependent on the concentration of interstitial oxygen and thermal donors, indicating a good agreement with reported results and the results from annealing experiments in this work. Meanwhile, a deep trap energy level was revealed, probably implying that traps also act as recombination centers in n-type silicon. By studying detrapping processes, the concentration of the trapped holes was found to decrease exponentially with time, resulting in a detrapping constant of 167 s.
The Effects of DC Current on the Tensile Properties of Metals (2005)

When fabricating parts, deformation is commonly conducted in a “warm” or “hot” state in order to reduce the total energy required to form the metal. However, there are several negative effects associated with this method of energy reduction (e.g., high tool/die adhesions, environmental reactivity, etc.) Hence, another more efficient method of reducing the total deformation energy would be very beneficial. This paper examines an alternative means of reducing the energy by applying an electrical current and also determines how the material’s tensile properties are affected while the current is present. Also investigated are the influences of strain rate and cold work on the electrical effects. The stress-strain curves indicate that, when current flows through a metallic specimen, the energy required to cause deformation is greatly decreased; demonstrating that electricity provides a viable alternative to increasing the workpiece temperature. However, the effect of the electricity diminishes with increasing strain rates.
Intranasal Immunization with <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> O:8 Cellular Extract Protects against Local Challenge Infection (1998)

Abstract Yersinia enterocolitica is enteropathogenic for humans and rodents. Immune protection from oral and respiratory pathogens may be most effectively elicited following intranasal (i.n.) vaccination. An experimental murine intranasal challenge model was used to evaluate the immunogenicity of a Y. enterocolitica O:8 cellular extract (CE) in mucosa. This antigenic preparation has demonstrated to induce protection by subcutaneous immunization. Mice were immunized intranasally with two doses of CE. Immunized and nonimmunized animals were challenged with 5×10 6 colony‐forming units (CFU) by nasal infection. Antibodies in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (b.a.l.) fluid were assessed before and 48 hr after challenge. The CFU were determined by analysis of lung homogenate samples. The CE immunization induced significant b.a.l.‐specific IgA and IgG, and serum‐specific IgG, IgA and IgM. Histopathological studies 24 and 48 hr postchallenge demonstrated that immunization protected against progressive lesions resulting from Y. enterocolitica invasion of the pulmonary mucosa. The CFU in the lungs showed that CE immunization led to significant clearance as compared to the bacterial level in nonimmunized controls. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that CE can induce local and systemic immunity and protect against nasal infection.
Apartheid: the U.P. reaction (1990)

Paper presented at the Wits History Workshop: Structure and Experience in the Making of Apartheid, 6-10 February, 1990
Application of the Single‐Kernel Characterization System to Wheat Receiving Testing and Quality Prediction (1997)

ABSTRACT Single‐kernel characterization system (SKCS) 4100 measurements on wheat were reproducible and stable and gave good correlations with relevant reference data, e.g., kernel weight vs. 1,000 kernel weight, kernel hardness vs. particle size index, and kernel moisture vs. oven moisture. Under field conditions at a receiving station in Coleambally (NSW, Australia), the SKCS 4100 operated faultlessly and the reproducibility of the results was as good as in the laboratory. The measurements were completed within the time taken for the normal testing sequence, and the histograms were shown to provide valuable information about the samples that would not otherwise be available. For example, the distribution of moisture contents of individual kernels provides additional information about the samples' potential storage stability. Data on the uniformity of hardness could be interpreted in terms of the potential of the wheat to provide a consistent milling performance. An imprecise ( r 2 = 0.44) but potentially useful calibration was obtained for the prediction of flour yield under test milling conditions using SKCS 4100 measurements on wheat. A much stronger correlation ( r 2 = 0.83) was obtained between SKCS data on wheat and the starch damage contents of flours produced on a pilot mill. Thus, the SKCS 4100 has the potential for early generation screening of wheat lines for flour yield and starch damage.
Interference of 10.6-μ Coherent Radiation in a 5-cm Long Gallium Arsenide Parallelepiped (1969)

An experiment was performed to show that the coherence of a laser beam can be maintained over a 5-cm path in a GaAs parallelepiped. The temperature coefficient of the refractive index was measured from the temperature dependence of the intensity of radiation transmitted through the sample. The value of this coefficient was found to be (5.64±0.28)×10−5 (°C)−1 for semi-insulating GaAs at room temperature and 10.6-μ wavelength. The absorption coefficient of the material used was measured calorimetrically and found to be 0.012±0.002 cm−1.
Vapomechanically Responsive Motion of Microchannel‐Programmed Actuators (2017)

Materials that respond rapidly and reversibly to external stimuli currently stand among the top choices as actuators for real-world applications. Here, a series of programmable actuators fabricated as single- or bilayer elements is described that can reversibly respond to minute concentrations of acetone vapors. By using templates, microchannel structures are replicated onto the surface of two highly elastic polymers, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl alcohol, to induce chiral coiling upon exposure to acetone vapors. The vapomechanical coiling is reversible and can be conducted repeatedly over 100 times without apparent fatigue. If they are immersed in liquid acetone, the actuators are saturated with the solvent and temporarily lose their motility but regain their shape and activity within seconds after the solvent evaporates. The desorption of acetone from the PVDF layer is four times faster than its adsorption, and the actuator composed of a single PVDF layer maintains its ability to move over an acetone-soaked filter paper even after several days. The controllable and reproducible sensing capability of this smart material can be utilized for actuating dynamic elements in soft robotics.