gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interfacing hardware and software using C++ class libraries (2002)

As chip capacity increases and system-on-a-chip becomes more than just a catch phrase, hardware and system design are being driven in new directions. Systems are designed not just as hardware, but as a tightly coupled combination of both hardware and software. C++, extended with class libraries, is emerging as the way to design such complex systems. This paper proposes methods to specify and refine designs from a purely software description at a functional level to a level where the hardware components are encapsulated as objects and their interfaces clearly defined. The entire system functionality is described in C++ using some of the commercially available class libraries like SystemC from Synopsys and Cynlib from CynApps. We propose a methodology where a designer can migrate software functionality. We also show that the software driver for the hardware device is generated as a side-effect of the interface refinement process. We demonstrate our methodology on the design of a fax machine from a purely software description of the system. We refine the design by implementing its decoder functionality in hardware and interfacing it with the software encoder.
Content providers: "I was framed" [copyright] (1997)

Content providers (owners of copyright in literary material) have challenged the practice of making hyperlinks to their Internet Web sites. Some contend that any unauthorized provision of a link to their Web pages is copyright infringement. The author looks at the issues involved.
Properties of limpet β-glucuronidase (1957)

The method is capable of extension to the pre- paration of other nucleoside polyphosphates labelled with radioactive phosphorus. SUMMARY 1. The reaction of orthophosphate with adeno- sine 5'-monophosphate, diphosphate and tri- phosphate in the presence of NN'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide has been used for the preparation of labelled adenosine polyphosphates.
Contraception in mice immunized with recombinant zona pellucida subunit 3 proteins correlates with Th2 responses and the levels of interleukin 4 expressed by CD4+ cells (2004)

The immune responses and contraceptive effect in mice were tested following immunization with purified recombinant zona pellucida (ZP) proteins produced using a vaccinia (v) virus T7 mammalian expression system. Female BALB/c and CBA mice were immunized with recombinant mouse (m) ZP3 (vmZP3) or pig (p) ZPC (vpZPC) using Freund's adjuvants and boosted three times. Fertility and mean litter size were significantly reduced in groups of BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant vmZP3 and vpZPC compared with controls treated with Freund's adjuvants alone. In CBA mice, fertility and mean litter size were significantly reduced in groups of animals immunized with vmZP3 but not with vpZPC compared with the controls. Most infertile animals treated with vmZP3 and a single infertile BALB/c mouse treated with vpZPC lacked mature follicles in the ovaries, whilst no abnormalities were detected in the remaining vpZPC treated, fertile vmZP3 treated and control mice. All mice (both fertile and infertile) immunized with vmZP3 and vpZPC produced IgG antibodies, but the levels of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a did not correlate with infertility. All BALB/c and CBA mice immunized with vmZP3 and vpZPC showed greater delayed type hypersensitivity responses in the footpads after challenge with their respective antigens than controls, but these did not differ between the fertile and infertile mice. There was, however, a significant correlation between infertility and the levels of the Type 2 T helper cell (Th2) cytokine interleukin 4 produced by CD4+ cells from vmZP3 immunized mice in response to stimulation with vmZP3 and this did not apply to the levels of the Type 1 T helper cell (Th1) cytokine interferon gamma or the general proliferation response. The results support the conclusion that induction of Th2 responses in individual mice determines whether infertility develops in response to immunization with zona pellucida proteins.
Reactivity and stability of selected flavor compounds (2015)

Flavor is the most important aspect of food. Based on the complex matrix of the food system and the flavor structure themselves, one important factor that plays a key role in the quality attribute of food is flavor stability. Not surprisingly, there is a large volume of published research investigating the stability of different food flavor compounds, since understanding flavor stability is crucial to creating greater awareness of dietary flavor application. This review presents a variety of factors that are thought to be involved in the stability of several selected important flavor compounds and the approach to improve the stability of different flavors. Some mechanisms of chemical degradation of flavor compounds were also provided.
Total Synthesis of (-)-Eudistomin F (1990)

A --(-I-Eudistomm F [ldl was synthesixd in optkally pure farm from 6-bmmo-5 melhq-Nb-hydroxyt'yptamlne (101 and D-cystelnal (151.Eudistonuns (11. a group of the flrst naturally occurring axathiazepine-contwng alkaloids.are l o l o r n to be endowed with remarkable antiviral1) and antitumor activity.2) and are now t h e subjects of considerable interests as synthetic target^.^)Recentb, we have reported the efficient.Nb-hydroxyttyptmine mediated,
Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphated Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide with High Photocatalytic Activity (2003)

A surfactant-templated approach was used to synthesize phosphated mesoporous titanium dioxide by incorporating phosphorus from phosphoric acid directly into the framework of TiO2. The resulting materials were characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption, TEM, XPS analysis, UV−vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and isoelectric point measurements. The surface area of phosphated mesoporous TiO2 exceeded 300 m2/g after calcination at 400 °C. It was found that the incorporation of phosphorus could stabilize the TiO2 framework and increase the surface area significantly. This stabilization is attributed to two reasons: the more complete condensation of surface Ti−OH in the as-prepared sample and the inhibition of grain growth of the embedded anatase TiO2 by the interspersed amorphous titanium phosphate matrix during thermal treatment. Both pure and phosphated mesoporous TiO2 show significant activities on the oxidation of n-pentane. The higher photocatalytic activity of phosphated mesoporous TiO2 can be explained by the extended band gap energy, large surface area, and the existence of Ti ions in a tetrahedral coordination.
CuAu Structure in the Restricted Primitive Model and Oppositely Charged Colloids (2006)

We study the phase behavior of oppositely charged equal-size hard spheres both theoretically and experimentally, using Monte Carlo simulations and confocal microscopy. In the simulations, two systems are considered: the restricted primitive model (RPM) and a system of screened Coulomb particles. We construct the phase diagrams of both systems by computer simulations and predict a novel solid phase that has the CuAu structure. In addition, the CuAu structure is observed experimentally in a system of oppositely charged colloids. The qualitative agreement between the RPM, the screened Coulomb system, and the experiments shows that colloids form a suitable model system to study phase behavior in ionic systems.
Efficient selective screening of haplotype tag SNPs (2003)

The www-based program is available at http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/~xiayi/haplotype/index.html.
Future therapeutic directions for factor Xa inhibition in the prophylaxis and treatment of thrombotic disorders (2003)

The targeted mechanism of factor Xa inhibition has been studied extensively, initially as prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the orthopedic surgical setting. Future therapeutic directions for selective factor Xa inhibition in the management of other thrombotic diseases are discussed. Thromboembolic diseases can occur in the venous or arterial sides of the circulatory system. Factor Xa inhibition is a targeted approach to anticoagulation that resulted from significant advances in our understanding of the coagulation cascade. The factor Xa inhibitor fondaparinux has been studied extensively in the orthopedic surgical setting for the prophylaxis of VTE. Current investigations that are under way or completed evaluate the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux for the management of various thrombotic diseases. The future development of fondaparinux resides primarily in three therapeutic areas: prevention of VTE, treatment of VTE, and treatment of acute coronary syndromes. For the prevention of VTE, fondaparinux has been studied as extended prophylaxis following hip fracture surgery (PENTHIFRA Plus), for use in high-risk abdominal surgical patients (PEGASUS and APOLLO), and for use in medical patients (ARTEMIS). Studies evaluating fondaparinux for the treatment of VTE are part of the large MATISSE clinical program (MATISSE DVT and MATISSE PE). Fondaparinux was investigated in phase 2 studies for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes, including acute ST-segment myocardial infarction (PENTALYSE) and unstable angina (PENTUA). Encouraging data from these trials are the basis for phase 3 programs in this area (MICHELANGELO). The orthopedic prophylactic and nonorthopedic clinical programs for fondaparinux in the management of thrombosis support the concept that targeted inhibition of coagulation is an effective advance in antithrombotic therapy.
Feasibility Study of Repeated Harvesting of Menthol from Biologically Viable Mentha x piperata Using Ultrasonic Extraction (2001)

To potentially replace the conventional destructive extraction process, we have shown the feasibility of devising a novel technique that uses ultrasound to nonlethally and repeatedly extract menthol from biologically viable peppermint plants (Mentha x piperita). Our results show that plants ultrasonicated for 1 h at 22 degrees C in a standard 40 kHz ultrasonic bath could release approximately 17.8 microg of menthol per gram of leaf tissue (2% of total product). The amount of menthol release increases with the time of treatment and is greatly affected by the temperature of the ultrasonic bath water. An increase from 2% to 12% of total product was observed when the temperature was increased from 22 degrees C to 39 degrees C. When the temperature effects were isolated, the mechanism of the product release was found to be that of cavitation. The treated plants remained viable and were ready for the subsequent ultrasound extraction after approximately 4 days of recuperation. However, the amount of product released is reduced in subsequent extractions. Scanning electron micrographs indicate that there are two mechanisms involved in extraction: (1) the diffusion of product through the cuticle of peppermint glandular trichomes and (2) the exudation of the product from broken and damaged trichomes. This study has shown the possibility of using an on-line ultrasonic, nondestructive extraction method to continuously release intracellular plant metabolites from the plants while maintaining the plant's viability.
Acute and Chronic Increases in Excitability in Rat Hippocampal Slices After Perinatal Hypoxia In Vivo (1998)

We have previously shown that hypoxia induces both acute and chronic epileptogenic effects that are age dependent. Global hypoxia (3-4% O2) induces seizure activity in the developing brain [postnatal day (P)10-12] but not at younger or older ages. Adult rats with prior seizures induced by hypoxia at P10 show increased seizure susceptibility to chemical convulsants compared with controls. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that acute and chronic epileptogenic effects of hypoxia are demonstrable in hippocampus both in vivo and in vitro. Depth electrode recordings confirmed the presence of ictal activity within hippocampus in P10 rats during global hypoxia. Hippocampal slices prepared from P10 pups killed at 10 min after recovery from hypoxia showed evidence of increased excitability. Extracellular field recordings revealed that the amplitude and duration of long-term potentiation (LTP) was increased significantly in area CA1 of hippocampal slices removed from hypoxic pups. In addition, extracellular recordings within areas CA1 and CA3 showed significantly longer afterdischarge durations in response to kindling stimuli in slices from hypoxic pups compared with controls. To evaluate whether there were also long-term changes in hippocampal excitability, hippocampal slices were prepared from adult rats that had underwent hypoxia at P10 and compared with slices from adult litter-mate controls. A Mg2+-free medium was superfused to induce epileptiform activity within the slices. Extracellular recordings from stratum pyramidale of area CA1 showed that Mg2+-free media induced significantly more frequent ictal discharges in slices from previously hypoxic rats compared with controls. These results provide evidence that the naturally occurring stimulus of hypoxia can result in both acute and chronic changes in the excitability of the CA1 neuronal network. These results parallel our previous in vivo studies demonstrating that global hypoxia acutely increases excitability in the immature brain and that hypoxia during the age window approximately P10 results in long-lasting increases in seizure susceptibility within hippocampus. Our results suggest that the age-dependent epileptogenic effects of hypoxia are in part mediated by a direct and permanent effect on neuronal excitability within hippocampal neuronal networks.
Automatic generation of three dimensional colored point clouds based on multi-view image matching (2013)

With the aim to reconstruct three dimensional virtual scenes,a new algorithm for automatically generating three dimensional colored point clouds from aerial images is proposed in this paper.The algorithm adopts a new multi-view image probability relaxation global matching strategy based on fusion of object space and image space information to synthetically utilize multi-image information to improve matching reliability.Then,according to multi-view image matching results,multi-image bundle adjustment is used to compute the three dimensional coordinates of matching points.Finally,a statistical test on correctness of adjustment model is adopted to quantitatively measure the accuracy of computed three dimensional coordinates.The proposed algorithm is applied to actual aerial images.The experimental results on a statistical test indicate that matching reliability is above 90%,which means that the proposed algorithm has higher robustness and precision.Through proposed method,all planar pixels in the overlapping region of multi-view image are transformed to three dimensional points,and three dimensional colored point clouds with full digital format is automatically generated to represent geographic scenes.It can well satisfy the requirements of quick reconstruction of three dimensional geographic scenes with large scopes.
Isolation and structural characterization of the copper-barium-alkoxide cluster Ba2Cu2(OR)4(acac)4.2HOR (R = CH2CH2OCH3) from precursor solutions to yttrium barium copper oxide (YBa2Cu3O7) thin films (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and structural characterization of the copper-barium-alkoxide cluster Ba2Cu2(OR)4(acac)4.2HOR (R = CH2CH2OCH3) from precursor solutions to yttrium barium copper oxide (YBa2Cu3O7) thin filmsNancy N. Sauer, Eduardo Garcia, Kenneth V. Salazar, Robert R. Ryan, and Joe A. MartinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4, 1524–1528Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00160a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (620 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
DEEP-SARSA: A REINFORCEMENT LEARNING ALGORITHM FOR AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION (2001)

In this paper we discuss the application of reinforcement learning algorithms to the problem of autonomous robot navigation. We show that the autonomous navigation using the standard delayed reinforcement learning algorithms is an ill posed problem and we present a more efficient algorithm for which the convergence speed is greatly improved. The proposed algorithm (Deep-Sarsa) is based on a combination between the Depth-First Search (a graph searching algorithm) and Sarsa (a delayed reinforcement learning algorithm).
Biodiesel production from seed oil of Cleome viscosa L. (2012)

Edible oil seed crops, such as rapeseed, sunflower, soyabean and safflower and non-edible seed oil plantation crops Jatropha and Pongamia have proved to be internationally viable commercial sources of vegetable oils for biodiesel production. Considering the paucity of edible oils and unsustainability of arable land under perennial plantation of Jatropha and Pongamia in countries such as India, the prospects of seed oil producing Cleome viscosa, an annual wild short duration plant species of the Indogangetic plains, were evaluated for it to serve as a resource for biodiesel. The seeds of C. viscosa resourced from its natural populations growing in Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi areas of Aravali range were solvent extracted to obtain the seed oil. The oil was observed to be similar in fatty acid composition to the non-edible oils of rubber, Jatropha and Pongamia plantation crops and soybean, sunflower, safflower, linseed and rapeseed edible oil plants in richness of unsaturated fatty acids. The Cleome oil shared the properties of viscosity, density, saponification and calorific values with the Jatropha and Pongamia oils, except that it was comparatively acidic. The C. viscosa biodiesel had the properties of standard biodiesel specified by ASTM and Indian Standard Bureau, except that it had low oxidation stability. It proved to be similar to Jatropha biodiesel except in cloud point, pour point, cold filter plugging point and oxidation stability. In view of the annual habit of species and biodiesel quality, it can be concluded that C. viscosa has prospects to be developed into a short-duration biodiesel crop.
Retrieval of refractive index over specular surfaces for remote sensing applications (2009)

Polarization knowledge is important to detect object characteristics. An approximate relationship between vertically and horizontally polarized reflectivities of specular surfaces is developed and validated using the refractive index datasets of water in the various wavelength ranges at various incidence angles. This study proposes a unique technique to estimate the refractive indexes of a specular surface at a given view angle by the direct inversion of the Fresnel equation and the decomposition of the unpolarized emissivity. The unpolarized emissivity is calculated using the Fresnel equation and the refractive index of water at wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet (200 nm) to microwave (18.75 cm). Consequently, the differences of reflectivity between the Fresnel equations and the Hong approximation are approximately less than 0.001 within the Brewster angles of a material. In addition, the results for refractive index show a reasonable range of retrievals within the Brewster's angle. The imaginary parts of the refractive indexes have larger errors than the real parts, due to the uncertainty of the direct inversion of the Fresnel equation.
Thunderstorm monitoring and lightning warning, operational applications of the Safir system (1991)

During the past years a new range of studies have been opened by the application of electromagnetic localization techniques to the field of thunderstorm remote sensing. VHF localization techniques were used in particular for the analysis of lightning discharges and gave access to time resolved 3-D images of lightning discharges within thunderclouds. Detection and localization techniques developed have been applied to the design of the SAFIR system. This development's main objective was the design of an operational system capable of assessing and warning in real time for lightning hazards and potential thunderstorm hazards. The SAFIR system main detection technique is the long range interferometric localization of thunderstorm electromagnetic activity; the system performs the localization of intracloud and cloud to ground lightning discharges and the analysis of the characteristics of the activity.
Operationalising Scientific and Technological Literacy--A New Approach To Science Teaching. (1998)

The author notes that sciences are often taught for the sake of the subject itself with little appeal to the social relevance and the students needs. The author then states that science teaching should change and that the need for relevance in science teaching which can be expressed as "Scientific and Technological Literacy" (STL) is essential for that change.
Adipogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Within Three-Dimensional Hollow Fiber-Based Bioreactors (2011)

To further differentiate adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) into mature adipocytes and create three-dimensional (3D) adipose tissue in vitro, we applied multicompartment hollow fiber-based bioreactor technology with decentral mass exchange for more physiological substrate gradients and integral oxygenation. We hypothesize that a dynamic 3D perfusion in such a bioreactor will result in longer-term culture of human adipocytes in vitro, thus providing metabolically active tissue serving as a diagnostic model for screening drugs to treat diabetes. ASCs were isolated from discarded human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and then inoculated into dynamic 3D culture bioreactors to undergo adipogenic differentiation. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake from the medium was assessed with and without TNF-alpha. 3D adipose tissue was generated in the 3D-bioreactors. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that 3D-bioreactor culture displayed multiple mature adipocyte markers with more unilocular morphologies as compared with two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Results of real-time polymerase chain reaction showed 3D-bioreactor treatment had more efficient differentiation in fatty acid-binding protein 4 expression. Repeated insulin stimulation resulted in increased glucose uptake, with a return to baseline between testing. Importantly, TNF-alpha inhibited glucose uptake, an indication of the metabolic activity of the tissue. 3D bioreactors allow more mature adipocyte differentiation of ASCs compared with traditional 2D culture and generate adipose tissue in vitro for up to 2 months. Reproducible metabolic activity of the adipose tissue in the bioreactor was demonstrated, which is potentially useful for drug discovery. We present here, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, the development of a coherent 3D high density fat-like tissue consisting of unilocular structure from primary adipose stem cells in vitro.