gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerization of new metallocenylphosphazenes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of new metallocenylphosphazenesHarry R. Allcock, Geoffrey H. Riding, and Karen D. LavinCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 1, 6–10Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00167a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00167a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
System P: Completeness-driven Query Answering in Peer Data Management Systems. (2007)

The device described replaces the sampling probe of any automatic diluter. It enables septum-sealed blood vials to be sampled without exposing the blood to the atmosphere, and dispenses the blood into sealed reaction vials. The advantages are that loss of volatiles in the sample and exposure of operators to open blood containers are eliminated.
The Role of Oxoammonium Cation in the SOD-Mimic Activity of Cyclic Nitroxides (2002)

Cyclic nitroxides (RNO(*)) mimic the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and demonstrate antioxidant properties in numerous in vitro and in vivo models. Their broad antioxidant activity may involve the participation of their reduced and oxidized forms, that is, hydroxylamine (RNO-H) and oxoammonium cation (RNO(+)). To examine this possibility we studied the reactions of RNO(*) and RNO(+) with HO(2)(*)/O(2)(*)(-) and with several reductants by pulse radiolysis and rapid-mixing stopped-flow techniques. The oxoammonium cations were generated by electrochemical and radiolytic oxidation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinoxyl (TPO) and 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidinoxyl (3-CP). The rate constant for the reaction of RNO(*) with HO(2)(*) to form RNO(+) was determined to be (1.2 +/- 0.1) x 10(8) for TPO and (1.3 +/- 0.1) x 10(6) M(-)(1) s(-)(1) for 3-CP. The kinetics results demonstrate that the reaction of RNO(*) with HO(2)(*) proceeds via an inner-sphere electron-transfer mechanism. The rate constant for the reaction of RNO(*) with O(2)(*)(-) is lower than 1 x 10(3) M(-)(1) s(-)(1). The rate constant for the reaction of RNO(+) with O(2)(*)(-) was determined to be (3.4 +/- 0.2) x 10(9) for TPO(+) and (5.0 +/- 0.2) x 10(9) M(-)(1) s(-)(1) for 3-CP(+). Hence, both nitroxides catalyze the dismutation of superoxide through the RNO(*)/RNO(+) redox couple, and the dependence of the catalytic rate constant, k(cat), on pH displayed a bell-shaped curve having a maximum around pH 4. The oxoammonium cation oxidized ferrocyanide and HO(2)(-) by a one-electron transfer, whereas the oxidation of methanol, formate, and NADH proceeded through a two-electron-transfer reaction. The redox potential of RNO(*)/RNO(+) couple was calculated to be 0.75 and 0.89 V for 3-CP and TPO, respectively. The elucidated mechanism provides a clearer insight into the biological antioxidant properties of cyclic nitroxides that should permit design of even more effective antioxidants.
Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Measurements of Subcortical Blood Flow Changes after Fluid Percussion Brain Injury in Rats (1996)

Laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to record subcortical cerebral blood flow in hippocampus and striatum immediately following parasaggital fluid percussion brain injuries of mild to moderate severity (2.58 +/- 0.09 atm, 10-11 msec duration) in spontaneously breathing anesthetized rats. At 5 min postinjury, mean blood flow decreased bilaterally by 20-30% in both brain structures, and remained significantly reduced during the remainder of the 60 min postinjury recording interval. Blood flow did not change in the sham-injured rats. Subsequent beam-walk, beam-balance, and rope-hang assessments revealed significant neurological impairments in the injured rats but not in the sham controls. The magnitude of the blood flow changes and the severity of the ensuing neurological impairment were significantly correlated. Histopathological assessments revealed hemorrhagic contusions within ipsilateral cortical regions, occasional neuronal necrosis within underlying thalamus and CA3 and CA4 sectors of the hippocampus, and neuronal cell loss in the hilus of the dentate gyrus. In a second series of experiments, radiolabeled microspheres were used to validate the LDF blood flow measurements. The microsphere measurements revealed that the preinjury baseline and postinjury right hippocampal blood flow changes were not significantly altered by the intrahippocampal presence of an LDF probe, verifying that the LDF probe was not by itself an unacceptably disruptive influence on local cerebrovascular reactivity. Moreover, when right hippocampal blood flow was simultaneously evaluated in injured rats by both techniques, the relative blood flow changes were significantly correlated. These results indicate that laser-Doppler flowmetry provides a potentially useful means to appreciate acute regional cerebrovascular changes relative to other measures of outcome after brain trauma.
Molecular Basis of the Pleiotropic Phenotype of Mice Carrying the <i>hypervariable yellow (Ahvy)</i> Mutation at the <i>agouti</i> Locus (1996)

The murine agouti locus regulates a switch in pigment synthesis between eumelanin (black/brown pigment) and phaeomelanin (yellow/red pigment) by hair bulb melanocytes. We recently described a spontaneous mutation, hypervariable yellow (Ahvy) and demonstrated that Ahvy is responsible for the largest range of phenotypes yet identified at the agouti locus, producing mice that are obese with yellow coats to mice that are of normal weight with black coats. Here, we show that agouti expression is altered both temporally and spatially in Ahvy mutants. Agouti expression levels are positively correlated with the degree of yellow pigmentation in individual Ahvy mice, consistent with results from other dominant yellow agouti mutations. Sequencing of 5' RACE and genomic PCR products revealed that Ahvy resulted from the integration of an intracisternal A particle (IAP) in an antisense orientation within the 5' untranslated agouti exon 1C. This retrovirus-like element is responsible for deregulating agouti expression in Ahvy mice; agouti expression is correlated with the methylation state of CpG residues in the IAP long terminal repeat as well as in host genomic DNA. In addition, the data suggest that the variable phenotype of Ahvy offspring is influenced in part by the phenotype of their Ahvy female parent.
Anion receptors based on organic frameworks: highlights from 2005 and 2006 (2007)

This critical review covers advances in anion complexation chemistry related to receptors based on organic frameworks in the years 2005-2006. The review covers anion receptors that employ amides and thioamides, pyrroles and indoles, ureas and thioureas, ammonium, guanidinium, imidazolium, and receptors containing hydroxyl groups. There is a discussion of anion templated assembly, followed by a short section outlining modelling studies of these systems. (226 references.)
Correction: Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications (2010)

Due to an oversight of the editorial office, a mistake was introduced in the references on page 3919, right column, at the start of the fourth paragraph. In the published paper the text segment on page 3919 reads: As mentioned, graphene can be grown on metal surfaces by surface segregation of carbon or by decomposition of hydrocarbons. However, this technique is only practical for graphene production if the as-grown graphene can be transferred from the metal substrates to other substrates, which looks straightforward but only was realized for multilayer and non-uniform films recently with Ni[160–162] and for uniform monolayer graphene, with Cu.[17] However, reference 160 does not relate to graphene segregation on metal surfaces. The authors first to report this technique were Qingkai Yu and co-workers as described in reference 246. Consequently, the start of the fourth paragraph on page 3919 should be corrected to read as follows: As mentioned, graphene can be grown on metal surfaces by surface segregation of carbon or by decomposition of hydrocarbons. However, this technique is only practical for graphene production if the as-grown graphene can be transferred from the metal substrates to other substrates, which looks straightforward but only was realized for multilayer and non-uniform films recently with Ni,[246,161,162] and for uniform monolayer graphene, with Cu.[17] The editorial office apologizes for any inconvenience caused. In addition, reference 160 was not published in 2009, so reference 160 should read:
A High-Resolution Accelerometer With Electrostatic Damping and Improved Supply Sensitivity (2012)

In this paper, a charge-balancing accelerometer is presented. A hybrid interface topology is utilised to achieve high resolution, high linearity and low power supply sensitivity. The accelerometer consists of a micromechanical sensor element, a self-balancing bridge (SBB) open-loop readout, AC force feedback and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta \Sigma$</tex> </formula> ADC. The SBB converts acceleration to ratiometric voltage. The ratiometric output of the SBB is converted to the digital domain by the ADC. In order to achieve high resolution, a micromechanical sensor element with a high quality factor, Q, is utilised. The AC force feedback is used for damping the high Q to get a low settling time. The sensor interface is fabricated in a standard 0.35 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex> </formula> m CMOS process. The fabricated chip has an area of 6.66 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^2$</tex></formula> and consumes 1 mA at a nominal supply voltage of 3.6 V. The sensor has a maximum DC nonlinearity of 1.3% over the commercial temperature range with an input range of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\pm} $</tex></formula> 1.15 g. The noise floor of the sensor is around 2 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm g}/\sqrt{{\rm Hz}}$</tex></formula> and the signal bandwidth is 200 Hz. The bias instability is 13 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex> </formula> g and the sensor gain variation is less than 5% in the 3–3.6 V supply range.
Purification and characterization of a coenzyme‐A‐dependent succinate‐semialdehyde dehydrogenase from <i>Clostridium kluyveri</i> (1993)

Cell extracts of Clostridium kluyveri, grown on ethanol plus succinate contained a succinyl-CoA:CoA transferase (0.28 U/mg), a coenzyme-A-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (0.73 U/mg) and a NAD(+)-dependent 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (0.25 U/mg). The semialdehyde dehydrogenase, which catalyzed the NADPH-dependent reduction of succinyl-CoA to succinate semialdehyde, was purified 59-fold to homogeneity. A molecular mass of 115000 Da was determined for the native enzyme; SDS/PAGE revealed one protein band at 55,000, indicating that the active form is a dimer. The enzyme was highly specific for succinyl-CoA and succinate semialdehyde. The pH optimum was 7.0 for the reduction of succinyl-CoA, and 8.5 for the reverse reaction. Km values were determined for both the forward and reverse directions. The kinetic data suggest a ping-pong mechanism.
Chapter 6: Plasma auxiliary heating and current drive (1999)

Heating and current drive systems must fulfil several roles in ITER operating scenarios: heating through the H-mode transition and to ignition; plasma burn control; current drive and current profile control in steady state scenarios; and control of MHD instabilities. They must also perform ancillary functions, such as assisting plasma start-up and wall conditioning. It is recognized that no one system can satisfy all of these requirements with the degree of flexibility that ITER will require. Four heating and current drive systems are therefore under consideration for ITER: electron cyclotron waves at a principal frequency of 170GHz; fast waves operating in the range 40-70MHz (ion cyclotron waves); lower hybrid waves at 5GHz; and neutral beam injection using negative ion beam technology for operation at 1MeV energy. It is likely that several of these systems will be employed in parallel. The systems have been chosen on the basis of the maturity of physics understanding and operating experience in current experiments and on the feasibility of applying the relevant technology to ITER. Here, the fundamental physics describing the interaction of these heating systems with the plasma is reviewed, the relevant experimental results in the exploitation of the heating and current drive capabilities of each system are discussed, key aspects of their application to ITER are outlined, and the major technological developments required in each area are summarized.
Short Notices (1907)

Journal Article Short Notices Get access P. F. W. P. F. W. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XXII, Issue LXXXVIII, October 1907, Pages 831-a–831, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XXII.LXXXVIII.831-a Published: 01 October 1907
SOLUBILITY OF CELLULOSE IN AMMONIA SALT SOLUTIONS (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSOLUBILITY OF CELLULOSE IN AMMONIA SALT SOLUTIONSPhilip C. SchererCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 11, 4009–4013Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1931https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01362a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views418Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (323 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
EC Law and International Agreements of the Member States—An Ambivalent Relationship? (2007)

The European Community (EC) was established in 1957 on the basis of an international treaty. The Treaty of Rome formed part of international law, though the Court of Justice was soon eager to emphasise that the ‘Community constitutes a new legal order of international law’, and that: By contrast with ordinary international treaties , the E … C Treaty has created its own legal system which, on the entry into force, became an integral part of the legal systems of the Member States and which their Courts are bound to apply.
A Short Synthesis of (±)‐Muscone (1990)

Abstract (±)‐Muscone ((±)‐1) has been synthesised in three steps from 2‐(2′‐methylprop‐2′‐enyl)cyclododecan‐1‐one ( 2 ). The synthesis involves two key transformations: a Lewis ‐acid‐mediated intramolecular ene reaction ( 2→3 ) and the β‐cleavage of the bicyclic potassium alkoxide 3a′ to the macrocyclic enone ( Z )‐ 11 .
High Performance Silicon Carbide Power Packaging—Past Trends, Present Practices, and Future Directions (2017)

This paper presents a vision for the future of 3D packaging and integration of silicon carbide (SiC) power modules. Several major achievements and novel architectures in SiC modules from the past and present have been highlighted. Having considered these advancements, the major technology barriers preventing SiC power devices from performing to their fullest ability were identified. 3D wire bondless approaches adopted for enhancing the performance of silicon power modules were surveyed, and their merits were assessed to serve as a vision for the future of SiC power packaging. Current efforts pursuing 3D wire bondless SiC power modules were described, and the concept for a novel SiC power module was discussed.
Controlled Phase Separation of Polyfluorene Blends via Inkjet Printing (2005)

We report the use of inkjet printing (IJP) to produce thin polymer films with controlled phase separation of binary polymer blends. Photovoltaic devices comprising a blend of poly(9,9‘-dioctyfluorene-co-bis-N,N‘-(4-butylphenyl)-bis-N,N‘-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine) (PFB) with poly(9,9‘-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) constituting a blend of F8BT with poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-N-(4-butylphenyl)diphenylamine) (TFB) were fabricated. The phase separation in these polymer blends was analyzed using atomic force microscopy and photoluminescent optical microscopy. The lateral phase separation in both blend films spin-coated from p-xylene solution is typically a few microns; however, by inkjet printing a solution of an identical composition, the feature size can be reduced to ∼300 nm when combined with an elevated substrate temperature during the printing process. This results from the rapid solvent evaporation of the inkjet-printed droplets. LEDs made by IJP show well-behaved I−V−L characteristics, with lower current density and higher luminescent efficiency than spin-coated devices at high voltages. The finer-scale phase separation from IJP also leads to a factor of 2 improvement in the external quantum efficiencies of photovoltaic diodes.
Accumulated Amyloid-β Peptide and Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein: Relationship and Links in Alzheimer's Disease (2009)

The neuropathology associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of extracellularly neuritic plaques, intracellularly neurofibrillary tangles and the loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. The neuritic plaque is composed of a core of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) while the neurofibrillary tangles contain phosphorylated tau protein, and, as such, both Abeta and tau are important molecules associated with AD. In healthy human bodies, clearance mechanisms for Abeta are available; yet if clearance fails, Abeta accumulates, increasing the risk of neurotoxicity in the brain. Tau, one of the main microtubule-associated proteins, will be hyperphosphorylated and lose the ability to bind microtubules when the homeostasis of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is disturbed in neurons. Accumulated Abeta and hyperphosphorylated tau are thought to be coexistent. Research on the pathological changes in AD indicates that accumulated Abeta in vivo may initiate the hyperphosphorylation of tau. Also, the signal transduction pathways of tau hyperphosphorylation may be related to accumulated Abeta. In this review, we will discuss how Abeta accumulates, how tau protein is hyperphosphorylated, and how accumulated Abeta initiates hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in AD.
Optomechanical cycles of photochromic-polymer microsystems induced by laser irradiation (2003)

Molecular microsystems, which can operate as actuators, are of high current interest in a variety of diverse micromechanical applications. We present novel polymer-based microsystems, which undergo optomechanical cycles induced by ns laser pulses. It is demonstrated that these opto-actuators can be accurately controlled in a step-by-step manner by proper manipulation of the incident laser pulses. The photoinduced actuation relies on the reversible photochemical changes of photochromic spiropyran molecules incorporated into polymer matrices. In particular, the spiropyran molecule is converted reversibly between its isomeric forms, upon irradiation at appropriate laser wavelengths. These photochromic inter-conversions were found to activate the polymer matrix, resulting in its contraction and lengthening in a highly controllable manner. The reversible optomechancial actuation is demonstrated by laser-induced bending of microcantilevers made of photochromic polymers. The pathways of the optomechanical cycles are being well defined and correlated with stereoisomeric states of the photochromic dopants. The correlation is performed after fluorescence emission measurements of the photochromes in polymers matrices, upon appropriate pulsed laser irradiation.
Hydrogen bond network in the metal binding site of carbonic anhydrase enhances zinc affinity and catalytic efficiency (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen bond network in the metal binding site of carbonic anhydrase enhances zinc affinity and catalytic efficiencyLaura L. Kiefer, Steven A. Paterno, and Carol A. FierkeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 26, 6831–6837Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00131a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00131a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1044Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts