gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microplasma reactors with integrated carbon nanofibers and tungsten oxide nanowires electrodes (2008)

Miniaturized plasma sources have generated considerable interest due to a number of important applications [1]. Performing the plasma process in a microreactor leads to precise control of residence time enabling control over the reactants to selectively produce desirable products [2]. In this work, we incorporated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and tungsten oxide nanowires into a microplasma reactor to increase the reactivity and efficiency of the barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure. These nanostructures have remarkable field emission characteristics due to their high aspect ratio structures generating local field enhancement at the apex of nanoscale tips. Field electron emission and field ionization which occurs at the tips of nanostructures can supply free electrons and ions which can contribute to pre-breakdown current during initiation of discharge and can lower the breakdown voltage for microplasma reactors. CNFs and tungsten oxide nanowires were incorporated into a silicon chip electrode which was placed in a microreactor. Characteristics of dielectric barrier discharge with nanowires and carbon dioxide decomposition reactions with CNFs and their comparison with plane-to-plane electrodes without nanostructures were investigated. Silicon chips where nanofibers and nanowires were incorporated, were placed in glass microreactors. Microchannels, inlet and outlet holes were created by powder blasting and then thermal bonding to seal the channels. Chemical vapour deposition was employed to grow the nanostructures on silicon chip electrodes. Representation and the real picture of the device is shown in Fig.1(a) and Fig. 1 (b). Carbon dioxide conversion was tested with a quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer. Decrease in breakdown voltage during barrier discharge generation resulted in higher number of microdischarges and higher power deposition at the same measured electric field comparing with plane cathodes. Fig. 1(c) shows that conversion of carbon dioxide was enhanced using CNFs electrodes at the same measured voltage levels with plane electrodes due to increase in energy deposition and reactive microdischarges. To better understand the importance of electron impact reactions in carbon dioxide plasma generated in the microreactor, Boltzmann equation for electrons was solved using Bolsig+ code [3] and reaction rate coefficients as a function of average electron energy is calculated (Figure. 1(d)). Calculations show that increasing the electric field in microreactors results in the increase of the number of dissociative electronic excitation channels.
Electrical and optical properties of III-V compound semiconductors at high pressures. (1988)

The high electric field properties of InP have been studied as a function of pressure to 55kbar. The measured threshold field for transferred electron instability showed an initial increase with pressure, and after passing through a maximum at 30-33kbar it decreased gradually. Monte Carlo calculations based on a stronger Γ-L scattering assumption seemed to agree better with the experimental data. The experimental results also indicated that a change from the two- to the three-level operation occurred near 30-33kbar.Photoluminescence (PL) and optical absorption measurements on the heavily doped GaAs have been made as a function of pressure to 60kbar at 77K. With increasing pressure the spectrum shifted towards the higher energy side. The pressure dependence of the emission peak across the direct gap showed a noticeable change in slope at about 30kbar. For pressures above 35kbar the PL intensity suddenly decreased. The pressure dependence of the absorption edge in the heavily doped samples was quite different from that in the undoped or moderately doped samples. The observed behavior can be explained in terms of the effect of high doping on the inversion of the Γ and X conduction bands at high pressure.
Membrane mass spectrometry for the direct trace analysis of volatile organic compounds in air and water (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMembrane mass spectrometry for the direct trace analysis of volatile organic compounds in air and waterMark A. LaPack, James C. Tou, and Christie G. EnkeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 13, 1265–1271Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00212a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00212a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views659Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of chronic sensory denervation on Ca<sup>2+</sup>-induced relaxation of isolated mesenteric resistance arteries (1998)

We recently reported that Ca(2+)-induced relaxation could be linked to a Ca2+ receptor (CaR) present in perivascular nerves. The present study assessed the effect of chronic sensory denervation on Ca(2+)-induced relaxation. Mesenteric resistance arteries were isolated from rats treated as neonates with capsaicin (50 mg/kg), vehicle, or saline. The effect of cumulative addition of Ca2+ was assessed in vessels precontracted with 5 microM norepinephrine. Immunocytochemical studies showed that capsaicin treatment significantly reduced the density of nerves staining positively for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and for the CaR (CGRP density: control, 51.1 +/- 3.9 microns2/mm2; capsaicin treated, 31.4 +/- 2.8 microns2/mm2, P = 0.01; control CaR density, 46 +/- 4 microns2/mm2, n = 7; capsaicin-treated CaR density, 24 +/- 4 microns2/mm2, n = 8, P = 0.002). Dose-dependent relaxation to Ca2+ (1-5 mM) was significantly depressed in vessels from capsaicin-treated rats (overall P < 0.001, n = 6 or 7), whereas the relaxation response to acetylcholine remained intact. These data support the hypothesis that Ca(2+)-induced relaxation is mediated by activation of the CaR associated with capsaicin-sensitive perivascular neurons.
Generation of patient-specific pluripotent stem cells and directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells for regenerative medicine (2008)

胚胎的茎(ES ) 房间是能产生所有三胚胎的细菌层的衍生物的 pluripotent 房间。由于它的特征，病人特定的 ES 房间具有为移植治疗的大潜力。几个策略罐头重新规划体的房间回到 pluripotent 干细胞：原子转移，有 ES 房间的熔化，有由特定的因素的房间摘录和正式就职的处理。当前就临床的使用，到神经原的从 ES 的区别， cardiomyocytes 和许多其它房间打的未来而言提供基本认知和经验给再生药。这篇文章将考察二堂功课，区分的房间的 reprogramming 和 ES 房间的区别到特定的房间类型。
High Efficiency Collimator-Converters for Neutral Particle Imaging with MWPC (1976)

A MWPC with external collimator converter system has been developed specifically for the detection of 0.511 MeV gammas in a positron camera. The design basis is applicable also to the imaging of other gammas and neutrons. The converter consists of honeycomb cells which provide an enhanced area of escape surface as well as restricting the range of conversion electrons to the cell dimensions. (WHK)
Dual-frequency distortion predictions for the cutler VLF array (2003)

The VLF transmitting system in Cutler, ME currently broadcasts at one frequency through a two-element antenna system. This study investigates simultaneous operation at 24.0 and 17.8 kHz. Detailed nonlinear PSPICE models were generated for the system including the amplifier triodes, saturable dynamic-tuning reactors, and the closely-coupled antenna elements. The predicted behavior is in close agreement with available observations. Upper limits are placed on harmonic content, <-59.8 dBc, and intermodulation distortion, <-78 dBc.
Spin-spray plating of spinel ferrite films on semiconductor substrates (1990)

The possibility of monolithic integration of microwave magnetic and semiconductor electronic components has been investigated by growing spinel ferrite films on GaAs and Si using the spin-spray plating (SSP) technique. Since film deposition by SSP is performed at temperatures as low as 100 C, this process facilitates deposition of ferrite material without any thermal deterioration of the underlying GaAs devices. This was demonstrated by depositing and patterning a Ni-Zn ferrite film on a portion of a GaAs wafer containing several MMIC circuits. X-ray diffraction analysis of SSP-grown ferrite films indicated that the films formed different crystallographic textures at different growth temperatures. To achieve the thicker films required for practical device applications, deposition of a 25-pm-thick Ni-Zn ferrite film was demonstrated by a multiple deposition method with intermediate drying processes. The magnetic properties of these films, measured by ferrpmagnetic resonance (FMR) , compared well to those of commercially available polycrystalline material. The electrical resistivity of the films varied as a function of their chemical composition. The dielectric loss tangent (tan 5) of the as-deposited film was observed to be greater than ten. However, the measured resistivity dependence of dielectric loss tangent showed that the dominant microwave loss mechanism was not due to conduction alone. Post-growth annealing experiments indicated that moisture in the films trapped during the SSP process caused high dielectric losses, and that annealing could reduce the loss tangent value.
Colorado pediatricians' involvement in community activities. (1995)

To determine Colorado American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) pediatricians' involvement in community-based activities and awareness of and interest in the AAP Community Access to Child Health (CATCH) program, a 22-item survey was mailed to all general pediatrician AAP fellows and candidate fellows practicing in Colorado (n = 434). The return rate was 65%. Of the respondents, 73% provide direct patient care as their primary professional activity, 58% reported either current or past involvement in community-based programs outside of their practices, 91% of this community-based work was voluntary, and 80% of the respondents described this work as moderate to very rewarding. Half of the respondents (51%) were aware of the AAP CATCH program, and 68% were interested in attending a statewide CATCH meeting. We conclude that Colorado AAP pediatrician survey respondents participate heavily in community programs outside of their clinical practices and that among this group there is substantial interest in the AAP CATCH program.
Transforming the Customer Experience through New Technologies (2020)

New technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), virtual assistants, chatbots, and robots, which are typically powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI), are dramatically transforming the customer experience. In this paper, we offer a fresh typology of new technologies powered by AI and propose a new framework for understanding the role of new technologies on the customer/shopper journey. Specifically, we discuss the impact and implications of these technologies on each broad stage of the shopping journey (pre-transaction, transaction, and post-transaction) and advance a new conceptualization for managing these new AI technologies along customer experience dimensions to create experiential value. We discuss future research ideas emanating from our framework and outline interdisciplinary research avenues.
The latency-associated transcript gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is required for efficient in vivo spontaneous reactivation of HSV-1 from latency (1994)

During herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) neuronal latency, the only viral RNA detected is from the latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene. We have made a LAT deletion mutant of McKrae, an HSV-1 strain with a very high in vivo spontaneous reactivation rate. This mutant (dLAT2903) lacks the LAT promoter and the first 1.6 kb of the 5' end of LAT. dLAT2903 was compared with its parental virus and with a rescued virus containing a restored LAT gene (dLAT2903R). Replication of the LAT mutant in tissue culture, rabbit eyes, and rabbit trigeminal ganglia was similar to that of the rescued and parental viruses. On the basis of semiquantitative PCR analysis of the amount of HSV-1 DNA in trigeminal ganglia, the LAT mutant was unimpaired in its ability to establish latency. In contrast, spontaneous reactivation of dLAT2903 in the rabbit ocular model of HSV-1 latency and reactivation was decreased to approximately 33% of normal. This decrease was highly significant (P < 0.0001) and demonstrates that in an HSV-1 strain with a high spontaneous reactivation rate, deletion of LAT can dramatically decrease in vivo spontaneous reactivation. We also report here that deletion of LAT appeared to eliminate rather than just reduce in vivo induced reactivation.
Novel endotoxin assay by laser light‐scattering particle‐counting method (2009)

Exposure of Limulus amoebocyte lysate to endotoxin under stirring produced light-reflective particles that appeared to be coagulin polymers. A laser light-scattering particle counter, the PA-200, detected these particles sensitively. The PA-200 detected endotoxin at a concentration as low as 0.00015 EU/ml in 71 min, whereas the minimum endotoxin concentration measured by a turbidimeter, ET-2000, was 0.0005 EU/ml in 138 min. Moreover, PA-200 was much less affected by the presence of colored substances and refractive materials than was ET-2000. We propose that the high sensitivity, speed, and high interference tolerance of the laser light-scattering particle-counting method make it more useful than the widely used turbidimetric method for quantitative endotoxin assay.
La alfalfa deshidratada y su calidad actual. (2002)

In December 1987, former DHHS Secretary Otis Bowen, MD, established the Secretary's Commission on Nursing to study widespread reports of a nursing shortage. The following is the Executive Summary of the Commission's Report, which includes recommendations on short- and long-term strategies to enhance the supply of registered nurses.
Anti-estrogenic actions of histone deacetylase inhibitors in MCF-7 breast cancer cells (2007)

Anti-estrogens are the current endocrine therapy of choice in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) also constitute a promising treatment for therapy, and combination of anti-estrogens with HDACi may improve efficacy while reducing side effects. We have examined the effect of the HDACi sodium butyrate and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), alone and in combination with 17beta-estradiol (E2) and the pure anti-estrogen ICI 182.780 (ICI) in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. HDACi caused a sustained increase of histone H3 acetylation and caused cell death as shown by flow cytometry analysis. In surviving cells, both inhibitors were even stronger than ICI in depleting cyclin D1 levels, inducing expression of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1, blocking phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, or inhibiting cell growth. No additive effects of ICI with either butyrate or SAHA were found. In addition, these drugs were able to antagonize the effects of E2 on expression of cell cycle proteins, cell growth, and transcription of ER-dependent genes. The anti-estrogenic effects of HDACi appear to be related to a strong downregulation of the expression of ERalpha that appears to be secondary to both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. ERalpha phosphorylation is involved in estrogen signaling, and HDACi also prevented receptor phosphorylation in Ser-118 both in the absence and presence of ER ligands. These results provide further support for the use of deacetylase inhibitors as chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of breast cancer tumors.
Paradoxic effects of metformin on endothelial cells and angiogenesis (2014)

The biguanide metformin is used in type 2 diabetes management and has gained significant attention as a potential cancer preventive agent. Angioprevention represents a mechanism of chemoprevention, yet conflicting data concerning the antiangiogenic action of metformin have emerged. Here, we clarify some of the contradictory effects of metformin on endothelial cells and angiogenesis, using in vitro and in vivo assays combined with transcriptomic and protein array approaches. Metformin inhibits formation of capillary-like networks by endothelial cells; this effect is partially dependent on the energy sensor adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as shown by small interfering RNA knockdown. Gene expression profiling of human umbilical vein endothelial cells revealed a paradoxical modulation of several angiogenesis-associated genes and proteins by metformin, with short-term induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase 2 and CXC chemokine receptor 4 at the messenger RNA level and downregulation of ADAMTS1. Antibody array analysis shows an essentially opposite regulation of numerous angiogenesis-associated proteins in endothelial and breast cancer cells including interleukin-8, angiogenin and TIMP-1, as well as selective regulation of angiopioetin-1, -2, endoglin and others. Endothelial cell production of the cytochrome P450 member CYP1B1 is upregulated by tumor cell supernatants in an AMPK-dependent manner, metformin blocks this effect. Metformin inhibits VEGF-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and the inhibition of AMPK activity abrogates this event. Metformin hinders angiogenesis in matrigel pellets in vivo, prevents the microvessel density increase observed in obese mice on a high-fat diet, downregulating the number of white adipose tissue endothelial precursor cells. Our data show that metformin has an antiangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo associated with a contradictory short-term enhancement of pro-angiogenic mediators, as well as with a differential regulation in endothelial and breast cancer cells.
Heat-related mortality risk model for climate change impact projection (2013)

Our new model is considered to be better fit, and more precise and robust compared with the previous model.
Regression Analysis: A Constructive Critique (2004)

Preface 1. Prologue: Regression Analysis as Problematic 2. A Grounded Introduction to Regression Analysis 3. Simple Linear Regression 4. Statistical Inference for Simple Linear Regression 5. Causal Inference for the Simple Linear Model 6. The Formalities of Multiple Regression 7. Using and Interpreting Multiple Regression 8. Some Popular Extensions of Multiple Regression 9. Some Regression Diagnostics 10. Further Extensions of Regression Analysis 11. What to Do
Muscle capillary blood flow kinetics estimated from pulmonary O<sub>2</sub> uptake and near-infrared spectroscopy (2005)

The near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signal (deoxyhemoglobin concentration; [HHb]) reflects the dynamic balance between muscle capillary blood flow (Q(cap)) and muscle O(2) uptake (Vo(2)(m)) in the microcirculation. The purposes of the present study were to estimate the time course of Q(cap) from the kinetics of the primary component of pulmonary O(2) uptake (Vo(2)(p)) and [HHb] throughout exercise, and compare the Q(cap) kinetics with the Vo(2)(p) kinetics. Nine subjects performed moderate- (M; below lactate threshold) and heavy-intensity (H, above lactate threshold) constant-work-rate tests. Vo(2)(p) (l/min) was measured breath by breath, and [HHb] (muM) was measured by NIRS during the tests. The time course of Q(cap) was estimated from the rearrangement of the Fick equation [Q(cap) = Vo(2)(m)/(a-v)O(2), where (a-v)O(2) is arteriovenous O(2) difference] using Vo(2)(p) (primary component) and [HHb] as proxies of Vo(2)(m) and (a-v)O(2), respectively. The kinetics of [HHb] [time constant (tau) + time delay [HHb]; M = 17.8 +/- 2.3 s and H = 13.7 +/- 1.4 s] were significantly (P < 0.001) faster than the kinetics of Vo(2) [tau of primary component (tau(P)); M = 25.5 +/- 8.8 s and H = 25.6 +/- 7.2 s] and Q(cap) [mean response time (MRT); M = 25.4 +/- 9.1 s and H = 25.7 +/- 7.7 s]. However, there was no significant difference between MRT of Q(cap) and tau(P)-Vo(2) for both intensities (P = 0.99), and these parameters were significantly correlated (M and H; r = 0.99; P < 0.001). In conclusion, we have proposed a new method to noninvasively approximate Q(cap) kinetics in humans during exercise. The resulting overall Q(cap) kinetics appeared to be tightly coupled to the temporal profile of Vo(2)(m).
Mechanism of Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions with Manganese Dioxide. I (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions with Manganese Dioxide. ID. B. Broughton and R. L. WentworthCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 4, 741–744Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01196a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01196a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1881Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts