gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Counterpropagation networks (1987)

By combining Kohonen learning and Grossberg learning a new type of mapping neural network is obtained. This counterpropagation network (CPN) functions as a statistically optimal self-programming lookup table. The paper begins with some introductory comments, followed by the definition of the CPN. Then a closedform formula for the error of the network is developed. The paper concludes with a discussion of CPN variants and comments about CPN convergence and performance. References and a neurocomputing bibliography with a combined total of eighty entries are provided.
화장품 소재 개발을 위한 대두 추출물의 생리활성 평가 (2020)

This study was conducted to find cosmetic materials which have fewer side effects and excellent functionality on human skin. In soybean 60% ethanol extract, the scavenging activities of DPPH and ABTS radicals were measured to be 65.78±0.96% and 48.00±0.97%, respectively. The total polyphenol content was measured as 19.42±0.05 mgGAE/g and the total flavonoid content was 13.84±0.40 mgQE/g. In the soybean 60% ethanol extract, the amounts of daidzin and glycitin were 7.459±0.04 mg/g and 2.947±0.04 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the survival rate of B16-F10 cell was found to increase as the processing concentration of soybean 60% ethanol extract was increased. Inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme activity was found to be dependent on concentration. The survival rate of CCD-986sk cell was measured and found to be 100% surviving at all concentrations. RAW 264.7 measurements of cell toxicity revealed that cell survival did not reduce at 100-1000 μg/mL concentration. NO generation inhibiting activity reduced the generation of NO with increase in the processing concentration of soybean 60% ethanol extract. The increased processing concentration of soybean 60% ethanol extract also increased TNF-α secretion inhibition, inhibiting the inflammatory reaction by inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine. The results showed that soybeans are rich in antioxidant, contain many ingredients beneficial to skin health, and can be used as cosmetics materials due to their excellent cell toxicity and physiological activity.
Marks of identification (2011)

For all its novelty, Almodovar's latest film also represents a defiant celebration of his past oeuvre
High-power multimode<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>X</mml:mi></mml:math>-band rf pulse compression system for future linear colliders (2005)

We present a multimode $X$-band rf pulse compression system suitable for a TeV-scale electron-positron linear collider such as the Next Linear Collider (NLC). The NLC main linac operating frequency is 11.424 GHz. A single NLC rf unit is required to produce 400 ns pulses with 475 MW of peak power. Each rf unit should power approximately 5 m of accelerator structures. The rf unit design consists of two 75 MW klystrons and a dual-moded resonant-delay-line pulse compression system that produces a flat output pulse. The pulse compression system components are all overmoded, and most components are designed to operate with two modes. This approach allows high-power-handling capability while maintaining a compact, inexpensive system. We detail the design of this system and present experimental cold test results. We describe the design and performance of various components. The high-power testing of the system is verified using four 50 MW solenoid-focused klystrons run off a common 400 kV solid-state modulator. The system has produced 400 ns rf pulses of greater than 500 MW. We present the layout of our system, which includes a dual-moded transmission waveguide system and a dual-moded resonant line (SLED-II) pulse compression system. We also present data on the processing and operation of this system, which has set high-power records in coherent and phase controlled pulsed rf.
Interventional treatment of peripheral vascular disease (1990)

The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Current Opinion in Cardiology 1990, 5:666–671
Protein Kinase C βII Regulates Akt Phosphorylation on Ser-473 in a Cell Type- and Stimulus-specific Fashion (2004)

Akt (= protein kinase B), a subfamily of the AGC serine/threonine kinases, plays critical roles in survival, proliferation, glucose metabolism, and other cellular functions. Akt activation requires the recruitment of the enzyme to the plasma membrane by interacting with membrane-bound lipid products of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Membrane-bound Akt is then phosphorylated at two sites for its full activation; Thr-308 in the activation loop of the kinase domain is phosphorylated by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and Ser-473 in the C-terminal hydrophobic motif by a putative kinase PDK2. The identity of PDK2 has been elusive. Here we present evidence that conventional isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC), particularly PKCbetaII, can regulate Akt activity by directly phosphorylating Ser-473 in vitro and in IgE/antigen-stimulated mast cells. By contrast, PKCbeta is not required for Ser-473 phosphorylation in mast cells stimulated with stem cell factor or interleukin-3, in serum-stimulated fibroblasts, or in antigen receptor-stimulated T or B lymphocytes. Therefore, PKCbetaII appears to work as a cell type- and stimulus-specific PDK2.
X-ray induced mobility of molecular oxygen at extreme conditions (2013)

We report an in situ Raman study of KClO4 irradiated with x-rays in a diamond anvil cell. Decomposition via KClO4 + hv → KCl + 2O2 was monitored via the O2 vibron at 2 GPa, 6 GPa, and 9 GPa. For all pressures, the vibron grew in intensity and then diminished after successive irradiation suggesting that O2 was diffusing away from the irradiated region. Surprisingly, the diffusion rate accelerated with pressure increase, indicating that the nonhydrostatic pressure gradient was likely driving molecular diffusion of oxygen. At 9 GPa, the vibron bifurcated suggesting that O2 exists as two forms: interstitial and bulk solid. This method can be employed to study molecular diffusion under extreme conditions.
A Biologically Active Single Chain Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Analog with Altered Receptor Binding Properties1 (2000)

hCG is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha-subunit common among all members of the glycoprotein hormone family, LH, FSH, and TSH, and a unique beta-subunit responsible for receptor specificity. Biologically active single chain analogs of these hormones have been engineered in which the C-terminus of the beta-subunit was fused to the N-terminus of the alpha-subunit (N-beta-alpha-C) either with or without a linker such as the hCGbeta C-terminal peptide (CTP). This tandem order of subunits was chosen based on studies suggesting that the N-terminal region of hCGbeta and particularly the C-terminal region of the alpha-subunit are important in receptor binding and activation. Single chain hCG (YhCG1) can, in turn, be fused to the LH receptor to yield a hormone-receptor complex that is biologically active in transfected cells. Herein, we report the construction of a new single chain hCG analog (YhCG3) in which the C-terminus of the alpha-subunit is fused to the N-terminus of hCGbeta via a CTP (N-alpha-CTP-beta-C). Compared with YhCG1, this analog binds receptor with a 25- to 30-fold lower affinity, but, surprisingly, is capable of stimulating intracellular cAMP levels to the same extent. Furthermore, YhCG3 can be covalently linked to its receptor to produce a biologically active complex that results in elevated levels of basal cAMP in transfected cells. These results suggest that free N- and C-termini of hCGbeta and the alpha-subunit, respectively, are not essential for receptor binding and activation and that YhCG3 is in a more efficacious conformation for receptor activation than YhCG1.
Electronic Signature and Certification Models in Health Care (2001)

Recently, Belgian legislation has enabled the practical use of electronic signatures. Several implementation options are still open and different models for deployment on a wide scale are possible. This document describes two models that can be applied to the healthcare domain and summarises the recommendations as issued by the Belgian Health Telematics Standards Committee.
New blind equalization techniques based on constant modulus algorithm (2002)

New blind equalization techniques based on the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) are investigated. Since CMA is phase-blind, an output constellation has a phase error at convergence. The modified constant modulus algorithm (MCMA) that accomplishes blind equalization and carrier phase recovery simultaneously is proposed. Then, the performance of the MCMA is enhanced by incorporating a decision-directed (DD) algorithm. The resultant scheme, dual-mode MCMA, achieves the faster convergence speed and smaller residual ISI. A blind decision feedback equalizer (DFE) using MCMA is also presented, which leads to superior performance compared to ones without the feedback path over the channel with in-band spectral nulls. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed techniques on various channels and signals.
The electrical variable transmission (2004)

First, an electromechanical converter with two mechanical ports and one electrical port (consisting of two concentric machines and two inverters) is considered. This converter works as a continuously variable transmission between the mechanical ports and may, for example, replace the clutch, gearbox, generator, and starter motor in a motor vehicle. The working principle of this converter is explained. Next, a new converter, the electrical variable transmission (EVT), is presented. This converter has similar properties, but is smaller and lighter. The EVT may be seen as built up from two concentric induction machines with a combined, relatively thin yoke. So, we obtain one electromagnetic device instead of two magnetically separated devices. The working principle of the EVT is explained and its losses are discussed.
A Water Cyclone to Preserve Insoluble Aerosols in Liquid Flow—An Interface to Flow Cytometry to Detect Airborne Nucleic Acid (2008)

A miniature cyclone was designed to gently capture fine aerosols into a continuous liquid flow. The geometry of the cyclone was designed so that the friction of the turning air swirls a 100 μl volume of water at the base of the cone, creating a standing liquid vortex which coats the inside deposition surface. The collection efficiency of the cyclone was characterized as a function of insoluble particle size, both in stand-alone operation and preceded by aerosol growth by water vapor condensation. The aerosol growth lowered the smallest collected particle size and created synonymous sample-into-substrate material conditions at the point of impact. The cyclone collection efficiencies were higher than 88% for the fluorescent polystyrene latex bead diameter sizes 50–3000 nm. The cyclone was further interfaced to a flow cytometer to detect airborne nucleic acid (as a virus test aerosol) in the cyclone sample flow. The flow cytometer, which is commonly used for single cell identification via fluorescence, was modified to accept a continuous sample flow (nominal 60 μl min−1) from the cyclone for real-time detection. A rod-shaped plant virus (Tobamovirus) and a protein-enveloped insect virus (Baculovirus) were aerosolized, collected by the cyclone, and stained inline using the nucleic acid dyes SYBR Green I, SYTO-9, and SYTO-24 (Molecular Probes, Inc.). In addition, an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) was used to confirm the collection of single virus particles and qualitatively evaluate the degree to which the aerosolization and collection process affected the integrity of the virus.
A Dynamic Differential Demand System: An Application of Translation (1992)

Abstract The differential demand system or Rotterdam model is extended to include lagged consumption through translation parameters, allowing habit and inventory effects. Applications of the model to annual U.S. expenditure and weekly juice sales data illustrate the importance of the time interval of an observation on the relative strengths of the habit inventory.
Expression of the human carbonic anhydrase I gene is activated late in fetal erythroid development and regulated by stage‐specific <i>trans</i>‐acting factors (1990)

Using flow cytometric analysis of red cells from different stages of ontogeny with anti-CAI antibody, it was shown that the human carbonic anhydrase I (HCAI) gene product appears in a developmental stage-specific manner. Virtually no CAI protein was detectable in fetal red cells prior to birth. However, at about the time of normal delivery (40 weeks gestation) CAI production is switched on. The proportion of cells containing CAI reaches adult levels during the second half of the first year of life. Northern analysis suggests that the appearance of CAI protein results directly from the activation of the gene and the production of new mRNA. A transient heterokaryon system was set up by fusing the erythroleukaemic cell lines MEL C88 (a mouse cell line in which CAI is expressed) and K562 SAI (a human cell line with an embryonic/fetal phenotype, not expressing CAI). SP6 RNAase mapping of RNA from the fused cells showed activation of the human CAI gene. This shows the developmental stage-specific expression of HCAI to be regulated by trans-acting factors.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-Type Photoelectric Behavior in CdS Dominated by a High-Resistivity Region near the Anode (1967)

It is observed, using the Franz-Keldysh effect, that certain very pure CdS crystals show a high-field layer close to, but well separated from, a hole-injecting anode (Au). Inversion of an infrared quenching spectrum into a similar infrared excitation spectrum is observed at an applied voltage where this high-field layer becomes "visible." The data are tentatively interpreted in terms of a model with a current-controlling $p$-type region adjacent to the anode and produced by hole injection, followed by a $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junction identified with the observed high-field region, followed by the normal $n$-type region occupying most of the bulk.
Rapid Thymic Reconstitution Following Bone Marrow Transplantation in Neonatal Mice is VEGF-Dependent (2012)

Age-related differences in thymic function influence the rapidity of T cell reconstitution following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In adults, thymic reconstitution is delayed until after marrow engraftment is established, and is significantly improved by approaches that increase marrow chimerism, such as pretransplantation irradiation. In contrast, we show that neonatal mice undergo more rapid and efficient thymic reconstitution than adults, even when bone marrow (BM) engraftment is minimal and in the absence of pretransplantation radiation. We have previously shown that the neonatal thymus produces high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that drives angiogenesis locally. In this report, we show that inhibition of VEGF prior to HSCT prevents rapid thymic reconstitution in neonates, but has no effect on thymic reconstitution in adults. These data suggest that the early radiation-independent thymic reconstitution unique to the neonatal host is mediated through VEGF, and reveals a novel pathway that might be targeted to improve immune reconstitution post-HSCT.
NMR-Based Metabolomic Profiling of Overweight Adolescents: An Elucidation of the Effects of Inter-/Intraindividual Differences, Gender, and Pubertal Development (2014)

The plasma and urine metabolome of 192 overweight 12-15-year-old adolescents (BMI of 25.4 ± 2.3 kg/m(2)) were examined in order to elucidate gender, pubertal development measured as Tanner stage, physical activity measured as number of steps taken daily, and intra-/interindividual differences affecting the metabolome detected by proton NMR spectroscopy. Higher urinary excretion of citrate, creatinine, hippurate, and phenylacetylglutamine and higher plasma level of phosphatidylcholine and unsaturated lipid were found for girls compared with boys. The results suggest that gender differences in the metabolome are being commenced already in childhood. The relationship between Tanner stage and the metabolome showed that pubertal development stage was positively related to urinary creatinine excretion and negatively related to urinary citrate content. No relations between physical activity and the metabolome could be identified. The present study for the first time provides comprehensive information about associations between the metabolome and gender, pubertal development, and physical activity in overweight adolescents, which is an important subject group to approach in the prevention of obesity and life-style related diseases. While this study is preliminary, these results may have the potential to translate into clinical applicability upon further investigations; if biomarkers for Tanner stage can be established, these might be used for identification of individuals susceptible to an early pubertal development.
Enzymatic Cell Lysis for Product Release (2020)

The development of expression systems for recombinant proteins and recombinant protein particles which cannot be secreted and are located in specific cell locations necessitates the development of novel, more selective techniques for cell lysis and or product release. Mechanical cell disruption methods do not discriminate the release of the desired product from among a host of other contaminating molecules and cell debris, and they may also damage the protein product. In contrast, the use of lytic enzyme systems, which can provide biological specificity to the process of cell lysis and product release, shows an interesting potential for controlled lysis. In this chapter we have reviewed the enzymes presently available for cell lysis of bacteria and yeast and have described mathematical models developed to describe the process of lysis, particularly of yeast cells, including simple, structured, and population balance models. Factors affecting the kinetics of lytic enzyme reactions, enzyme recovery, and the effect on downstream operations as well as conditions for use have been discussed. Sources of lytic enzymes and latest developments on enzyme production have been reviewed. Finally, the potential for large-scale use of lytic enzyme technology has been discussed. The design and use of lytic enzyme systems for differential product release from microbial cells have been reviewed. Lytic enzyme systems are usually specific either for yeast or for different types of bacteria. The activity profile of a lytic system will have an effect on the product distribution. This profile can be manipulated at the genetic, physiological, production reactor, enzyme purification, and lysis reactor levels. Alternative process designs that will allow the sequential release of products from different cell locations are discussed. Alternatives are explored by process modeling, process simulation, and optimization techniques. These studies show that the use of lytic enzyme systems has tremendous promise as a method of controlled lysis and differential product release.
YouTube2Text: Recognizing and Describing Arbitrary Activities Using Semantic Hierarchies and Zero-Shot Recognition (2013)

Despite a recent push towards large-scale object recognition, activity recognition remains limited to narrow domains and small vocabularies of actions. In this paper, we tackle the challenge of recognizing and describing activities ``in-the-wild''. We present a solution that takes a short video clip and outputs a brief sentence that sums up the main activity in the video, such as the actor, the action and its object. Unlike previous work, our approach works on out-of-domain actions: it does not require training videos of the exact activity. If it cannot find an accurate prediction for a pre-trained model, it finds a less specific answer that is also plausible from a pragmatic standpoint. We use semantic hierarchies learned from the data to help to choose an appropriate level of generalization, and priors learned from Web-scale natural language corpora to penalize unlikely combinations of actors/actions/objects, we also use a Web-scale language model to ``fill in'' novel verbs, i.e. when the verb does not appear in the training set. We evaluate our method on a large YouTube corpus and demonstrate it is able to generate short sentence descriptions of video clips better than baseline approaches.
User Experience Metric and Index of Integration: Measuring Impact of HCI Activities on User Experience. (2008)

We propose two metrics to demonstrate the impact integrating human-computer interaction (HCI) activities in software engineering (SE) processes. User experience metric (UXM) is a product metric that measures the subjective and ephemeral notion of the user’s experience with a product. Index of integration (IoI) is a process metric that measures how integrated the HCI activities were with the SE process. Both metrics have an organizational perspective and can be applied to a wide range of products and projects. Attempt was made to keep the metrics light-weight. While the main motivation behind proposing the two metrics was to establish a correlation between them and thereby demonstrate the effectiveness of the process, several other applications are emerging. The two metrics were evaluated with three industry projects and reviewed by four faculty members from a university and modified based on the feedback. Categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.8 [Software Engineering]: Metrics – process metrics, product metrics.
Sliding-blade MEMS iris and variable optical attenuator (2004)

An iris-type variable aperture fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology is described. The device contains a number of shutter blades, which are each driven by a separate microactuator, and translated synchronously to create a variable polygonal aperture. The optical performance of devices with different numbers of blades is compared using simple analytic models and diffraction theory. The mechanism is simulated by finite element analysis. Four-blade devices driven by buckling mode electrothermal actuators are formed by double-sided patterning and deep reactive ion etching of bonded silicon-on-insulator and characterized experimentally. Symmetric deflections are obtained, and used to create a square pupil. Variable attenuation is demonstrated using optical fibres with thermally expanded cores.
An HMM based speaker-independent continuous speech recognition system with experiments on the TIMIT database (1991)

The authors recently designed and implemented a large-vocabulary, speaker-independent, continuous speech recognition system. The system is based on hidden Markov modeling (HMM) of phoneme-sized acoustic units using continuous mixture Gaussian densities. The main structure of the system is outlined with a focus on a method of generating mixture Gaussian density models through a merging procedure whose efficiency was recently improved significantly. The system has been evaluated on the TIMIT database on a task of vocabulary size 853 and various grammar perplexities. The word accuracies are 92.2%, 84.9%, and 60.1% for the test set perplexities of 25, 106, and 853 (no grammar), respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>