gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some thermodynamic implications for the thermostability of proteins (2001)

An analysis of the thermodynamics of protein stability reveals a general tendency for proteins that denature at higher temperatures to have greater free energies of maximal stability. To a reasonable approximation, the temperature of maximal stability for the set of globular, water-soluble proteins surveyed by Robertson and Murphy occurs at T* approximately 283K, independent of the heat denaturation temperature, T(m). This observation indicates, at least for these proteins, that thermostability tends to be achieved through elevation of the stability curve rather than by broadening or through a horizontal shift to higher temperatures. The relationship between the free energy of maximal stability and the temperature of heat denaturation is such that an increase in maximal stability of approximately 0.008 kJ/mole/residue is, on average, associated with a 1 degrees C increase in T(m). An estimate of the energetic consequences of thermal expansion suggests that these effects may contribute significantly to the destabilization of the native state of proteins with increasing temperature.
A novel ion-conductive protection skin based on polyimide gel polymer electrolyte: application to nanoscale coating layer of high voltage LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (2012)

A new and facile approach for the surface modification of high-voltage LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode active materials is demonstrated. This strategy is based on polyimide (PI) gel polymer electrolyte (GPE)-directed nanoscale wrapping. The PI coating layer successfully wraps a large area of the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 surface via thermal imidization of (pyromellitic dianhydride/oxydianiline) polyamic acid. Salient features of the PI wrapping layer are the highly continuous surface coverage with nanometre thickness (∼10 nm) and the facile ion transport through the nanoscale layer. Based on a sound understanding of the nanoarchitectured PI wrapping layer, its influence on the cell performance and thermal stability of high-voltage LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is investigated as a function of charge cut-off voltage (herein, 4.6 and 4.8 V). The anomalous PI wrapping layer substantially improves the high-voltage cycling performance and alleviates the interfacial exothermic reaction between delithiated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 and liquid electrolyte. These results demonstrate that the PI wrapping layer effectively prevents the direct exposure of the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 surface to liquid electrolytes that are highly vulnerable to electrochemical decomposition at high charge voltage conditions, thus behaving as a novel ion-conductive protection skin that mitigates the unwanted interfacial side reactions.
An Analytic Signal Approach for Transmultiplexers: Theory and Design (1982)

A new non-FFT approach to transmultiplexer implementation is presented, based on the theory of the baseband analytic signal and on its successive allocation in the FDM format by appropriate digital interpolation and filtering. The method allows wide transition bandwidths to the filters, avoids the use of any product modulator, and leads to a channel-by-channel structure. As a design example, the applicatiion to the 12-channel FDM primary group is Considered in detail, using FIR digital filters realized by 16 bit arithmetic standard digital Circuits. The analysis and the computer simulation of the system performance are finally reported, showing the actual feasibility of the method for the transmultiplexer implementation.
Money Laundering and Its Current Status in Switzerland: New Disincentives for Financial Tourism (1990)

As a national source of tourism, the Swiss Alps are, at least in one sense, overshadowed by the banks and finance companies of Switzerland. Because of the relatively strict Swiss banking secrecy laws, the stability of the Swiss franc and the long-standing expertise of Swiss banks in currency trading, financial tourists in the past have relied with alarming consistency on Switzerland's financial system to "launder," i.e., introduce into the normal flow of legitimate capital, funds or assets stemming from illegal activities. Proof of Switzerland's status as a capital for financial tourism lies in the oft-observed coincidence that the trails of world-wide drug syndicates, dictators, stock market manipulators and tax evaders invariably - if only initially - lead through Switzerland. Until recently, participation in the laundering of assets known to have stemmed from a crime was not, other than under certain rare circumstances, subject to criminal sanctions in Switzerland. In the absence of applicable legislation, and in response to pressure from Swiss bank regulators to address suspected misuses of Swiss banking services, certain voluntary measures were taken by Swiss banks in 1977 in the form of a private agreement between the Swiss Bankers' Association (SBA) and member banks of the SBA.
Divergent effects of macrophage toxins on growth of primary tumors and lung metastases in mice (1980)

The effects of silica and carrageenan on primary tumor growth and metastases were evaluated in c57bl/6 and BALB/c mice transplanted with the poorly immunogenic Lewis lung (3ll) carcinoma, mFS6 sarcoma and Madison 109 carcinoma spontaneously metastasizing to the lungs. Silica and carrageenan significantly enhanced lung metastases and decreased primary tumor weight in all three experimental models. A similar augmentation of lung secondaries was found after i.v. inoculation of 3LL tumor cells. The effects of carrageenan on primary 3LL tumor growth and metastases were observed also in thymus-deprived animals. The effect of macrophage toxins was studied also in C57BL/6 mice transplanted with the M5076/73A ovarian carcinoma. This tumor spontaneously metastasizes to various abdominal organs, but not to the lung. After treatment with carrageenan, lung metastases were observed, but no effect on secondaries at other anatomical sites or on the primary tumor was detectable. It is suggested that host defense mechanisms impaired by silica and carrageenan may have divergent effects in the regulation of growth of some primary tumors and spontaneous lung metastases.
Antioxidant efficiency versus structure (1962)

Abstract Antioxidant efficiency versus structure was investigated using rate of carbonyl formation at 110 and 170°C of a 20 mil plaque of polyethylene containing 0.01 weight % additive. This study indicates that the following are important in phenolic and amine antioxidants: The number of H. atoms available: Antioxidant efficiency is increased by adding a second hydroxyl group as well as by introducing a methylene bridge. The number and location of substituents: Alkyl substitution of the phenolic ring is an important factor in stabilization. Groups which decrease the strength of the NH bond increase the effectiveness of amine antioxidants. Solubility: The less compatible the antioxidant, the poorer its stabilizing action. Volatility: Many stabilizers are ineffective at high temperature because of volatilization. Bridge between rings: A sulfide bridge can be equivalently substituted for a methylene bridge. The need for stabilization of the radical formed after removal of H: This stabilization could occur via; Hydrogen bonded chelates, resonance and steric hindrance.
Generalizing the Formula for Areas of Polygons to Moments (1989)

"Generalizing the Formula for Areas of Polygons to Moments." The American Mathematical Monthly, 96(2), pp. 131–132
Nano-Enhanced Elastomers for Oilfield Applications (2017)

Abstract The use of elastomers in oil industry extends over a broad range of applications including seals, packing elements, reactive rubber elements, stators, and pads. These applications require a variety of property requirements that may differ for dynamic and static applications or include a need for stimuli-responsive capabilities in certain tools. This research details the effect of nanofillers on elastomer properties for oil and gas components. The effects include enhancement of mechanical properties, wear resistance, thermal conductivity and heat expansion properties. In addition, effects of nanofillers on rapid gas decompression (RGD) resistance, chemical resistance to downhole fluids, and resistance to chemical aging at downhole temperatures were investigated. Advanced rubber nanocomposites formulations, based on Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR) elastomers, were designed internally. Their properties were assessed using methods and techniques to qualify elastomers for downhole applications. Mechanical properties of elastomers were evaluated at room temperature and at 325° F, which is a maximum application temperature for HNBR elastomers. RGD testing was conducted according to ISO standards. Results indicated that it is possible to control mechanical properties of elastomers with nanotechnology, including improving the abrasion resistance of the elastomers by more than 100% in dynamic, wear-intensive applications, when compared to commercial compounds typically used in the oil industry. Thermal conductivity was improved by up to 40%, while heat expansion decreased by 30%, providing more versatility for seal design in dynamic applications which are prone to localized heating. In addition, RGD resistance in nanocomposites was examined and compared it to control samples. The industrial scale feasibility for nano-enhanced elastomers was demonstrated by a scale-up study.
Wind speed and power forecasting based on spatial correlation models (1999)

Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) cannot be dispatched like conventional generators. This can pose problems for power system schedulers and dispatchers, especially if the schedule of wind power availability is not known in advance. However, if the wind speed can be reliably forecasted up to several hours ahead, the generating schedule can efficiently accommodate the wind generation. This paper illustrates a technique for forecasting wind speed and power output up to several hours ahead, based on cross correlation at neighboring sites. The authors develop an artificial neural network (ANN) that significantly improves forecasting accuracy comparing to the persistence forecasting model. The method is tested at different sites over a year.
An Oxidative Intramolecular Phenolic Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids Using a Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent (1996)

The oxidative intramolecular phenolic coupling reaction of norbelladine derivatives (1) was investigated with the aim of preparing amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Spirodienone compounds (2), which are intermediates for the synthesis of an amaryllidaceae alkaloid, (+)-maritidine, or phenol ether derivatives containing the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzazocine systems (9), were selectively obtained by the reaction of 1 and the hypervalent iodine(III) reagent, phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA). Both p−p‘ coupling (11) and p−o‘ coupling spirodienone compounds (12) were obtained by the reaction of phenol derivatives having an alkoxy group at the C-3‘ position (10) with PIFA.
Benchmarking the Use of QR Code in Mobile Promotion (2012)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> As a shortcut for mobile input, quick response (QR) code is increasingly being integrated in cross-media advertising campaigns in many countries of the world. Questions remain, however, about its actual use in different media, the motivations for consumers to use it and, especially, the perceived risks associated with using QR code. This study represents an initial exploration into these important issues. Findings from three studies in Japan indicate that QR codes are largely used in print media for promoting loyalty programs; convenience, savings, and quality are drivers of QR-code use; and perceived risks vary among different contexts in which consumers scan QR codes. Implications are presented for the effective use of QR code in mobile promotion.
[Effects of alpha-human ANF and angiotensin II on aldosterone secretion in vitro from cultured human adrenal tissues and APA tissues]. (1990)

The effects of the alpha-human ANF and angiotension II on aldosterone secretion in vitro from cultured human adrenal tissues and the aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) tissues were studied. The fresh human normal adrenal and APA tissues were obtained surgically from five patients. The tissues were mined 1.0 mm3 with scissors, put in DMEM containing 0.25% trypsin, and digested at 37 degrees C for 10 min. Then the tissues were washed with DMEM. The tissues were incubated in 4 ml DMEM containing 10% fetal calf serum at 37 degrees C under 5% CO2 in air for seven days and the aldosterone levels of the culture medium were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The experiments were started on the tenth to fiftieth day of culture. The results show that the effect of alpha-human ANF (10(-8) mol/L final concentration) on aldosterone secretion from normal adrenal tissues was increased at 30 min following a decrement, but do not inhibit the aldosterone secretion in APA tissues. The aldosterone of short duration was inhibit by alpha-human ANF (3 x 10(-8) mol/L or 5 x 10(-8) mol/L) and the aldosterone secretion in a dose-dependent manner in the adenoma tissues. The aldosterone responses were not stimulated by angiotensin II (10(-9) mol/L) in normal adrenal and adenoma tissues, but angiotensin II (5 x 10(-9) mol/L) can stimulate APA tissues. Our results indicate the lack of effect of alpha-human ANF and angiotensin II on APA tissues could be due to the absence of receptors or a variance of the receptors, and/or the enzymes of steroidogenesis were abnormal. These tissues had a marked aldosterone response to ANF and angiotensin II during culturing in one month.
Extreme Myopia Produced by Modest Change in Early Visual Experience (1978)

Chicks whose vision was restricted to the frontal visual field became extremely myopic (mean, -10 diopters; maximum, -24 diopters) and had eyes of increased axial length. Animals restricted to lateral field vision did not differ from normal animals. Monocular deprivation of form vision also produced myopia and eye enlargement and, in addition, produced increased anterior chamber depth.
Selective catalytic reduction of NOx with CH3OH, C2H5OH and C3H6 in the presence of O2 over Ag/Al2O3 catalyst: Role of surface nitrate species (2000)

The involvement of the reaction of surface nitrate [NO3−(ads)] species with different reductants (C3H6, C2H5OH and CH3OH) in the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) over a Ag/Al2O3 catalyst has been studied by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). When an NO/O2 mixture was exposed to a Ag/Al2O3 catalyst at 150 °C, three kinds of nitrate species (bridging, monodentate and bidentate) were observed by DRIFT. The thermal stability of the monodentate NO3−(ads) species was higher than that of the bridging and bidentate NO3−(ads) species, which was confirmed by DRIFT and TPD measurements. The monodentate NO3−(ads) species reacted effectively with C2H5OH and CH3OH in the presence of O2 to form surface isocyanate [NCO(ads)] species at 250 °C, whereas the bridging and bidentate NO3−(ads) species reacted minimally. All NO3−(ads) species were largely unreactive with C3H6 in the presence of O2 at temperatures below 250 °C. On the other hand, the order of reactivity in the reduction of NOx at temperatures below 350 °C was in good agreement with that of both the reactivity of the monodentate NO3−(ads) species and the ease of NCO(a) formation (C2H5OH>CH3OH>C3H6). Based on these findings, the involvement of the reactivity of NO3−(ads) species and the formation of NCO(ads) species in the selective reduction of NOx are discussed.
3D-QSAR CoMFA on Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors (2000)

Several series of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors previously prepared in our laboratory were compared using 3D-QSAR (CDK1) and docking (CDK2) techniques. Evaluation of our own library of 93 purine derivatives served to establish the model which was validated by evaluation of an external library of 71 compounds. The best predictions were obtained with the CoMFA standard model (q(2) = 0.68, r(2) = 0.90) and with the CoMSIA combined steric, electrostatic, and lipophilic fields (q(2) = 0.74, r(2) = 0.90). The CDK1 3D-QSAR model was then superimposed to the ATP/CDK2 binding site, giving direct contour maps of the different fields. Although too few compounds were evaluated on CDK5 to derive a 3D-QSAR model, some interesting SARs have been deduced. Comparison of the results obtained from both methods helped with understanding the specific activity of some compounds and designing new specific CDK inhibitors.
Surface potential measurements by the dissipative force modulation method (2004)

In this study, we propose a novel surface property measurement technique using noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM), which is referred to as the “dissipative force modulation (DM) method.” NC-AFM-based surface property measurements have mostly utilized conservative tip-sample interaction forces, which induce a frequency shift of cantilever resonance without dissipating cantilever vibration energy. In the DM method, local surface properties are measured by detecting a modulated dissipative tip–sample interaction force which dissipates cantilever vibration energy and hence induces an amplitude variation in cantilever vibration. Since the force sensitivity to dissipative interactions obtained in a typical NC-AFM setup is much higher than that to conservative ones, the DM method can improve the sensitivities of conventional NC-AFM-based techniques that utilize conservative interactions. Combining this method with Kelvin-probe force microscopy, we present the first quantitative surface potential measurement through dissipative tip–sample interactions.
Resolving Complex Cases of Definite Pronouns: The Winograd Schema Challenge (2012)

We examine the task of resolving complex cases of definite pronouns, specifically those for which traditional linguistic constraints on coreference (e.g., Binding Constraints, gender and number agreement) as well as commonly-used resolution heuristics (e.g., string-matching facilities, syntactic salience) are not useful. Being able to solve this task has broader implications in artificial intelligence: a restricted version of it, sometimes referred to as the Winograd Schema Challenge, has been suggested as a conceptually and practi-cally appealing alternative to the Turing Test. We employ a knowledge-rich approach to this task, which yields a pronoun resolver that out-performs state-of-the-art resolvers by nearly 18 points in accuracy on our dataset. 1
The transcriptome of human CD34<sup>+</sup>hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (2009)

Studying gene expression at different hematopoietic stages provides insights for understanding the genetic basis of hematopoiesis. We analyzed gene expression in human CD34(+) hematopoietic cells that represent the stem-progenitor population (CD34(+) cells). We collected >459,000 transcript signatures from CD34(+) cells, including the de novo-generated 3' ESTs and the existing sequences of full-length cDNAs, ESTs, and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) tags, and performed an extensive annotation on this large set of CD34(+) transcript sequences. We determined the genes expressed in CD34(+) cells, verified the known genes and identified the new genes of different functional categories involved in hematopoiesis, dissected the alternative gene expression including alternative transcription initiation, splicing, and adenylation, identified the antisense and noncoding transcripts, determined the CD34(+) cell-specific gene expression signature, and developed the CD34(+) cell-transcription map in the human genome. Our study provides a current view on gene expression in human CD34(+) cells and reveals that early hematopoiesis is an orchestrated process with the involvement of over half of the human genes distributed in various functions. The data generated from our study provide a comprehensive and uniform resource for studying hematopoiesis and stem cell biology.
Design Optimization Using Augmented Lagrangian Particle Swarm Optimization (2011)

Engineering optimization problems normally include multiple, non-trivial, non-linear constraints. Traditionally gradient based optimization methods were used to solve these types of problems because of their high computational efficiency. But they generally require continuity of the optimization problem and the computation of derivatives and tend to get trapped in local minima. Hence non gradient based, evolutionary algorithms (EA) which are based on heuristic and stochastic nature and do not require continuity of the design space of the optimization problem and increase the probability to find a global optimal solution, therefore are becoming a popular choice in recent years.\tThis work uses evolutionary algorithm based method called Augmented Lagrangian Particle Swarm Optimization (ALPSO). Note that Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique was developed to solve unconstrained problem. An extended non-stationary penalty function approach, Augmented Lagrange Multiplier Method is used for constraint handling The ALPSO algorithm is robust and reliable technique for solving Engineering optimization problem. The capability of ALPSO is demonstrated by solving extension-twist coupling problem in composite laminate design. Besides verification of previously known optimal design computed by sequential quadratic programming method, ALPSO also generates new global optimal designs.
Comparing simplification and image-based techniques for 3D client-server rendering systems (2003)

A mathematical model is presented for comparing geometric and image-based simplification methods. Geometric simplification reduces the number of polygons in the virtual object and image-based simplification replaces the object with an image. Our model integrates and extrapolates existing accuracy estimates, enabling the comparison of different simplification methods in order to choose the most efficient method in a given situation. The model compares data transfer and rendering load of the methods. Byte size and expected lifetime of simplifications are calculated as a function of the desired visual quality and the position and movement of the viewer. An example result is that, in typical viewing and rendering conditions and for objects with a radius in the order of one meter, imposter techniques can be used at viewing distances above 15 meters. Below that, simplified polygon objects are required and, below one meter distance, the full-resolution virtual object has to be rendered. An electronic version of the model is available on the web.