gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Valving Land Phenomena of the Innas Hydraulic Transformer (2000)

The design of a hydraulic pump or motor with a variable displacement could be much simpler, if a rotating valve plate could be used to vary the displacement. An essential aspect of the rotating valve plate is however that the passage of the cylinder ports from one kidney to the other often occurs while the pistons are moving. Experiments have revealed that this leads to high pressure spikes and cavitation. Because of this it is an unwritten rule that in hydraulic pumps and motors the passage of the so-called valving lands has to take place in the top and bottom dead centres.Against this rule there is a new hydraulic transformer developed (the Innas Hydraulic Transformer or IHT) in which the rotating valve plate is introduced again. Instead of varying the displacement the position of the valve plate now defines the pressure ratio between the load and the supply port. As will be shown this has a crucial effect on the valving land phenomena. Instead of increasing pressure pulsations and cavitation the rotating valve plate can now help to reduce these effects.
Photographic Sensitometry, Part II<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J07504">*</xref>--> (1931)

Due to its length, Mr. Jones' paper on sensitometry which was presented in part on three consecutive days at the Spring, 1931, Meeting of the Society at Hollywood, Calif., will likewise be published in the Journal in three issues. The following is the second of the three installments. The paper deals in a tutorial manner with the general subject of sensitometry, its theory and practice. The third installment will be published in the January, 1932, issue of the Journal.
Matching Glass-Forming Ability with the Density of the Amorphous Phase (2008)

The density of the amorphous phase of metals is generally thought to be related to glass formation, but this correlation has not been demonstrated experimentally to date. In this work, systematic deflection measurements using microcantilevers and a combinatorial deposition method show a correlation between glass-forming ability and the density change upon crystallization over a broad compositional range in the copper-zirconium binary system. Distinct peaks in the density of the amorphous phase were found to correlate with specific maxima in the critical thickness for glass formation. Our findings provide quantitative data for the development of structural models of liquids that are readily quenched to the amorphous state. The experimental method developed in this work can facilitate the search for new glass-forming alloys.
Effects of External and Direct Pudendal Nerve Maximal Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of the Uninhibited Overactive Bladder (1989)

Maximal electrical stimulation (MES) administered from a laboratory device designed to deliver stimulation pulses of relatively high voltages and currents was performed in 29 patients. All had suffered from bladder overactivity for several years, either idiopathic detrusor instability or an uninhibited overactive bladder, and all had failed to respond to conservative treatment. MES was performed in female patients by means of intravaginal and intra-anal electrode carriers and in males by anal electrodes only. In some cases additional stimulation was administered by means of a single needle bipolar electrode inserted directly into the pudendal nerve. Maximal amplitude was attained after gradual increases in amplitude and the patient's adaptation to this. Stimulation was administered by the therapist but the amplitudes were determined by the patient and limited by his/her pain threshold. Alternating rectangular constant voltage pulses at a repetition rate of 10 Hz were used. Treatment consisted of 4 sessions of stimulation with intervals of 1 week between each application. All patients showed a significant increase in functional bladder capacity and 11 reported a 30% decrease in the frequency of micturition. Two patients were unaffected by stimulation with external electrodes but responded well to direct pudendal nerve stimulation. MES seems to be an effective first-line treatment for the uninhibited overactive bladder.
A novel method for constructing a set of Hadamard matrices (2005)

In this paper, we present a novel method for generating a set of Hadamard matrices from a single set of four sequences, where one sequence forms the root sequence and the remaining three sequences can be generated easily from this root sequence. Further, the root sequence can be generated recursively. As an interesting by-product, the above procedure has lead to the construction of a set of constant-minimum distance code dictionaries of different block lengths.
Efficient program execution indexing (2008)

Execution indexing uniquely identifies a point in an execution. Desirable execution indices reveal correlations between points in an execution and establish correspondence between points across multiple executions. Therefore, execution indexing is essential for a wide variety of dynamic program analyses, for example, it can be used to organize program profiles; it can precisely identify the point in a re-execution that corresponds to a given point in an original execution and thus facilitate debugging or dynamic instrumentation. In this paper, we formally define the concept of execution index and propose an indexing scheme based on execution structure and program state. We present a highly optimized online implementation of the technique. We also perform a client study, which targets producing a failure inducing schedule for a data race by verifying the two alternative happens-before orderings of a racing pair. Indexing is used to precisely locate corresponding points across multiple executions in the presence of non-determinism so that no heavyweight tracing/replay system is needed.
DeltaPhage—a novel helper phage for high-valence pIX phagemid display (2012)

Phage display has been instrumental in discovery of novel binding peptides and folded domains for the past two decades. We recently reported a novel pIX phagemid display system that is characterized by a strong preference for phagemid packaging combined with low display levels, two key features that support highly efficient affinity selection. However, high diversity in selected repertoires are intimately coupled to high display levels during initial selection rounds. To incorporate this additional feature into the pIX display system, we have developed a novel helper phage termed DeltaPhage that allows for high-valence display on pIX. This was obtained by inserting two amber mutations close to the pIX start codon, but after the pVII translational stop, conditionally inactivating the helper phage encoded pIX. Until now, the general notion has been that display on pIX is dependent on wild-type complementation, making high-valence display unachievable. However, we found that DeltaPhage does facilitate high-valence pIX display when used with a non-suppressor host. Here, we report a side-by-side comparison with pIII display, and we find that this novel helper phage complements existing pIX phagemid display systems to allow both low and high-valence display, making pIX display a complete and efficient alternative to existing pIII phagemid display systems.
A Symmetric-Rate, Extended-Reach 40 Gb/s CWDM-TDMA PON With Downstream and Upstream SOA-Raman Amplification (2011)

We demonstrate an extended reach 60 km coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM)-time division multiple access (TDMA) passive optical network (PON) with 40 Gb/s capacity for both down and upstream directions. The system leverages existing 10 Gb/s TDMA PON technologies and incorporates various subsystems such as volume manufacturable optical transmitters, a prototype 10 Gb/s burst-mode receiver, hybrid semiconductor optical amplifier-Raman amplifiers, and a cyclic CWDM multiplexer. We confirm that this 32-user system has sufficient power margin to accommodate 128 users.
A fast rank-reduction algorithm for 3D deblending via randomized QR decomposition (2015)

Summary This paper illustrates an inversion approach based on matrix rank reduction that separates simultaneous source data. The algorithm operates on each common receiver gather of a multidimensional data set. We propose to minimize the misfit between the observed data and blended predicted data subject to a low-rank constraint that is applied to the data in the frequency-space domain. The low rank constraint can be implemented via the classical truncated Singular Valued Decomposition (tSVD) or via a new randomized QR decomposition (rQRd) method. Compared to the tSVD, rQRd significantly improves the computational efficiency of the method. In addition, the rQRd algorithm is less stringent on the selection of the rank of the data. This is important as we often have no precise knowledge of the optimal rank that is required to represent the data. We adopt a synthetic 3D VSP data set to test the performance of the proposed deblending algorithm. Through tests under different survey time ratios, we show that the proposed algorithm can effectively eliminate interferences caused by simultaneous shooting.
Recent research and development in synthetic polymer-based drug delivery systems (2004)

In recent years, there has been increasing recognition that a number of synthetic polymers which have excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility are materials of pharmaceutical importance in the area of drug delivery technology. The aim of this review is to take a closer look at a few synthetic polymer-based drug delivery systems, specially the aliphatic polyesters, polyamides, polyethers, polyorthoesters, polyanhydrides, polyurethanes, hydrogels and dendritic polymers.
A novel output-based objective speech quality measure for wireless communication (2002)

In our previous papers, we studied many input-to-output objective speech quality measures, some of which achieved high correlation when used to predict subjective mean opinion scores (MOS) of real cellular telephone speech samples. Two problems of input-to-output measures are that the input must be available, which is almost never the case in the cellular telephone situation, and the input must be accurately synchronized with the output. Output-based measures which do not need the input are thus highly desirable. In this paper, we propose two output-based objective speech measures which are based on visual features of the spectrogram. In our experiment, one measure OBM achieves a correlation of 0.65 which is higher than most input-to-output measures and is close to the 0.73 achieved by the best input-to-output measure.
Detection of Cytomegalovirus in Urine from Newborns by Using Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA Amplification (1988)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was used to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) in tissue culture and in urine specimens from newborns. Synthetic oligonucleotide primer pairs were used to amplify DNA from the major immediate-early and the late antigen genes of CMV. Amplified products were detected by gel electrophoresis and by dot-blot hybridization with oligonucleotide probes. Using one or both of the primer pairs and associated probes, we found 46 different tissue culture isolates of CMV that were positive; no reaction products were detected when the same primers and probes were used to amplify other herpes family viruses or human genomic DNA. Urine samples from 44 congenitally infected infants were positive when tested with one or both primer pairs and probes. When compared with tissue culture, detection by gel electrophoresis provided a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 100%, and a predictive value of a positive result of 100%. Dot-blot analysis raised the sensitivity to 100%. We conclude that PCR amplification may be a valuable tool for diagnosing congenital CMV infection.
Effects of feline immunodeficiency virus on feline monocyte-derived dendritic cells infected by spinoculation (2007)

During type 1 human immunodeficiency virus infection, not only can dendritic cells (DCs) prime T cells against the virus, but they can also infect them in trans. Feline AIDS is caused by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and is considered a model for the human illness because the two diseases have many features in common. Little is known about the interaction of feline DCs with FIV; therefore, this study attempts to tackle such an issue. Infection of feline monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) was attempted by spinoculation with FIV strains Petaluma (FIV-Pet) and M2. FIV-Pet was released rapidly in the supernatants of both infected MDDCs and activated T cells after spinoculation. It is shown that FIV-Pet was produced by MDDCs by monitoring viral content in the supernatants of infected MDDCs, by intracellular staining for p25 and by showing its cytopathic effect. Although activated T cells were better substrates for FIV replication, leading to prolonged viral shedding, both immature MDDCs and MDDCs matured with lipopolysaccharide supported virus production, mostly during the first 2 days after infection. At later times, FIV induced syncytium formation by MDDCs. Concerning the FIV receptors, MDDCs were shown to be CD134-negative and CXCR4-positive, a phenotype compatible with permissiveness to FIV-Pet. These results also suggest that maturation is not hampered by FIV infection and that virus exposure itself does not induce MDDC maturation. It is also shown that infected MDDCs can infect activated PBMCs efficiently in trans. It is concluded that MDDCs can be infected by FIV, although infection does not appear to influence their functionality.
Twisted differential on-chip interconnect architecture for inductive/capacitive crosstalk noise cancellation (2004)

A simple generic interconnect architecture is presented to allow effective cancellation of inductive and capacitive noise in high-speed on-chip interconnect lines. The approach is based on the principle of constructing periodically twisted differential line pairs for parallel interconnect segments in order to eliminate the mutual coupling influences. Detailed 3-D simulations show that a crosstalk noise reduction of up to 60 dB is achievable with this approach.
A booster configuration with adaptive reduction of transmitter-receiver antenna coupling for pager systems (2003)

This paper discusses a design method and experimental results of a booster which is designed for use in pager systems. In order to reduce the coupling between the transmitter and receiver antennas this booster employs an adaptive canceling scheme that is a type of signal regeneration relay. A blind algorithm for canceling is derived using the minimum output power criterion. This paper proposes two stage canceling processed in the RF-band and baseband. An experimental equipment demonstrates that it can operate well under fluctuating coupling conditions. A field research, finally, verifies its effectiveness.
A Review on Mouth Dissolving Films (2009)

The ultimate goal of any drug delivery system is the successful delivery of the drug to the body; however, patient compliance must not be overlooked. Fast dissolving drug delivery systems, such as, Mouth Dissolving Films (MDF), offer a convenient way of dosing medications, not only to special population groups with swallowing difficulties such as children and the elderly, but also to the general population. MDF are the novel dosage forms that disintegrate and dissolve within the oral cavity. Intra-oral absorption permits rapid onset of action and helps by-pass first-pass effects, thereby reducing the unit dose required to produce desired therapeutic effect. The present review provides an overview of various polymers that can be employed in the manufacture of MDF and highlights the effect of polymers and plasticizers on various physico-mechanical properties of MDF. It further gives a brief account of formulation of MDF and problems faced during its manufacture.
The bactericidal activity of sparfloxacin (1992)

Sparfloxacin was found to display a biphasic response against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in nutrient broth. Its optimum bactericidal concentration was found to be identical for all three species which contrasts with other clinically available fluoroquinolones that are more active against E. coli than against staphylococci. Bacterial protein and RNA synthesis as well as cell division were not found to be essential for all the lethality of sparfloxacin, which hence displays bactericidal mechanism B. However, sparfloxacin was unable to kill bacteria in absence of oxygen.
EPIC-Norfolk: study design and characteristics of the cohort. European Prospective Investigation of Cancer. (1999)

The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC) was initiated in 1989 in order to define more clearly the relationship between diet and the risk of developing cancer at a range of sites (Riboli, 1992). The hypothesis that diet might be responsible for a substantial proportion of total cancer incidence was widely publicized by a report in the early 1980s (Doll, 1981) which suggested that 30% of cancer in the USA might be preventable by dietary modification. However, the uncertainty bounds around the estimate of 30% were acknowledged to be wide, and no association between a specific dietary constituent and risk for a specific cancer type was considered conclusively established. Since then, evidence has continued to accrue supporting the general association between diet and cancer, but two recently published comprehensive reviews only found sufficient evidence for a few specific relationships (World Cancer Research Fund, 1997; Department of Health. 1998). The most convincing evidence is for a protective role for fruit and vegetables for a number of cancers, including oesophagus, stomach, large bowel, lung and breast. It is not clear, however, that the same food constituents are involved for each cancer, nor even that the same type of fruit and vegetable are implicated. The rationale for EPIC was that in order to generate data which improved the definition of diet-cancer associations, studies had to be prospective, large-scale and based on populations with wide variation both in diet and in cancer incidence. In addition, studies had to use improved methods for dietary assessment including biological markers. EPIC comprises cohorts established in France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain and the UK, with associated cohorts in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Recruitment of these cohorts with baseline data and biological samples is now almost complete (as shown in Table 1), achieving the target set earlier (Riboli, 1992). As an example of the range in cancer rates seen across the populations participating in EPIC, Figure 1 shows mortality rates for breast cancer. The study in Norfolk was initially planned as a diet and cancer cohort and later joined as a collaborative component cohort of EPIC. It has now, however, broadened its scope to include end points other than cancer, and exposures other than diet. The intention now is to investigate the majority of causes of disability and death in middle and later life, and to include additional lifestyle exposures, notably exercise, physical activity and psychosocial variables.
Physiological characterization of 'stay green' mutants in durum wheat (2003)

Four mutants with delayed leaf senescence were selected from seed of durum wheat mutagenized with ethylmethane sulphonate. Changes in net photosynthetic rate, efficiency of photosystem II and chlorophyll concentration during the maturation and senescence of the flag leaves of both mutant and parental plants were determined under glasshouse conditions. The four mutant lines maintained photosynthetic competence for longer than the parental line and are therefore functionally 'stay green'. The mutant lines also had higher seed weights and grain yields per plant than the parental line.
Die EWU - Beschäftigungsmotor oder Beschäftigungsrisiko? (1998)

Abstract The current paper deals with the labour market effects of European Monetary Union (EMU). We compare the EU-memberstates’ susceptibility to asymmetric shocks and their labour market flexibility under status quo conditions. The findings are related to the question which countries are - from a labour market point of view - fit for EMU and which countries should not join EMU from the start. We then consider different policy scenarios and develop an institutional framework suitable to make EMU a labour market success. Special emphasis is given to the optimal interplay between the relevant agents, i.e. the EU-Commission, national governments, employers and trade unions.
The dynamics of message passing on dense graphs, with applications to compressed sensing (2010)

`Approximate message passing' algorithms proved to be extremely effective in reconstructing sparse signals from a small number of incoherent linear measurements. Extensive numerical experiments further showed that their dynamics is accurately tracked by a simple one-dimensional iteration termed state evolution. In this paper we provide the first rigorous foundation to state evolution. We prove that indeed it holds asymptotically in the large system limit for sensing matrices with iid gaussian entries. While our focus is on message passing algorithms for compressed sensing, the analysis extends beyond this setting, to a general class of algorithms on dense graphs. In this context, state evolution plays the role that density evolution has for sparse graphs.
Quantitative Dynamic Telethermometry in Medical Diagnosis and Management (1994)

Diagnostic Thermal Imaging: An Historical Technological Perspective Fundamentals of Skin Temperature Regulation Abnormalities in Distribution of Temperature over Skin and their Clinical Applications Fundamentals of Computerized Thermal Imaging Dynamic Area Telethermometry of Skin Clinical Applications of Dynamic Area Telethermometry References
Medicare Part B Drug Reimbursement Program Distresses Pharmacy Players: Program Seeks to Reduce Use of Expensive Biologics. (2016)

CMS Medicare Part B reimbursement plan panned
Stem‐infused nitrogen‐15 enrichment for evaluation of nitrogen use in maize (1998)

Abstract Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of N fertilizer can be accurately estimated by tracing the fate of soil applied 15N‐labeling. However, the quantity of N remobilization from non‐kernel components into kernels in maize (Zea mays L.) plants is difficult to determine. A field experiment involving stem infusion with four levels of enriched 15N solution plus non‐infusion or infusion with water was conducted at Ottawa (45°22'N, 75°43'W), Canada to determine the effect of 15N atom % enrichment (a.e.) on physiological processes associated with NUE. At anthesis, 30 mL of 35.7 mmol N solution as 15NH4 15NO3 at 5.0 (N05), 33.0 (N33), 66.0 (N66) and 99.2 (N99) 15N% a.e. was infused into the internode below the primary cob. The control plants were infused with distilled water. Photosynthesis was measured at 2, 4, 6, 24 h and 1 wk after infusion. Plants were sampled and separated into components at 4 d after anthesis (D4A) and at physiological maturity (PM). Dry weight, total N concentration, NH4‐ and NO3‐N, and 15N% a.e. of each component were determined. At D4A, the N33 and N66 treatments resulted in component 15N enrichment similar to that of N99 treatment. At PM, however, only N66 treatment produced results similar to that of N99. None of the infused 15N treatments interfered with ear‐leaf photosynthesis or component NH4‐ and NO3‐N concentrations. Infused 15N was easily moved out of the internode where it was infused, into most components, with the majority in the dominant sinks (cob, husk, and kernels). Nitrogen remobilization in both N66 and N99 treatments accounted for 62% of kernel N. These findings indicate that stem infusion is an appropriate approach to study N remobilization. Based on the concentrations investigated in this study, 66% or higher 15N% a.e. is required for accurate labeling when soil available N is high.