gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Origin of Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells in <i>Drosophila</i> Tracheal Remodeling (2008)

During Drosophila metamorphosis, most larval cells die. Pupal and adult tissues form from imaginal cells, tissue-specific progenitors allocated in embryogenesis that remain quiescent during embryonic and larval life. Clonal analysis and fate mapping of single, identified cells show that tracheal system remodeling at metamorphosis involves a classical imaginal cell population and a population of differentiated, functional larval tracheal cells that reenter the cell cycle and regain developmental potency. In late larvae, both populations are activated and proliferate, spread over and replace old branches, and diversify into various stalk and coiled tracheolar cells under control of fibroblast growth factor signaling. Thus, Drosophila pupal/adult tissue progenitors can arise both by early allocation of multipotent cells and late return of differentiated cells to a multipotent state, even within a single tissue.
The Measurement of Acceleration Noise—A Traffic Parameter (1962)

The dispersion of the acceleration noise distribution of an automobile is measured from the velocity-time trace on a tachograph chart. The method is convenient and rapid and has enabled a large experimental program to be carried out. The acceleration dispersion has been compared for different highways, different drivers, and different traffic conditions, and the results obtained suggest that the dispersion is a useful traffic parameter.
Abnormal cardiovascular responses induced by localized high power microwave exposure (1992)

A hypothesis of microwave-induced circulatory under perfusion was tested in ketamine anesthetized rats whose heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, respiration rate, and body temperatures were monitored continuously. Fifty-eight ventral head and neck exposures in a waveguide consisted of sham-exposure and exposure to continuous wave (CW) and pulsed 1.25 GHz microwaves for 5 min. The 0.5 Hz (10 microseconds, 2 W average) and 16 Hz (1 microsecond, 6.4 W average) pulse-modulated microwaves were delivered at 400 kW peak power. The CW microwaves were 2 and 6.4 W. The average specific absorption rate was 4.75 W/kg per watt transmitted in the brain and 17.15 W/kg per watt transmitted in the neck. Respiration rate and mean arterial pressure were not altered. Changes in heart rate and pulse pressure were observed in rats exposed to higher power (16 Hz pulses and 6.4 W CW) but not to the lower average power microwaves (0.5 Hz pulses and 2 W CW). Depression of pulse pressure, an indication of a decrease in stroke volume, and increased (tachycardia) or decreased (bradycardia) heart rate were noted in presence of whole-body hyperthermia. The cardiac output of those animals exposed to higher average power microwaves was considered to be below normal as hypothesized. Decreased cardiac output and normal mean arterial pressure resulted in an increase in the total peripheral resistance which was contrary to the anticipated thermal response of animals.
Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Airways: Their Functions and Regulators (2020)

Since the airways are constantly exposed to various pathogens and foreign antigens, various kinds of cells in the airways-including structural cells and immune cells-interact to form a precise defense system against pathogens and antigens that involve both innate immunity and acquired immunity. Accumulating evidence suggests that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play critical roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, defense against pathogens and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, especially at body surface mucosal sites such as the airways. ILCs are activated mainly by cytokines, lipid mediators and neuropeptides that are produced by surrounding cells, and they produce large amounts of cytokines that result in inflammation. In addition, ILCs can change their phenotype in response to stimuli from surrounding cells, which enables them to respond promptly to microenvironmental changes. ILCs exhibit substantial heterogeneity, with different phenotypes and functions depending on the organ and type of inflammation, presumably because of differences in microenvironments. Thus, ILCs may be a sensitive detector of microenvironmental changes, and analysis of their phenotype and function at local sites may enable us to better understand the microenvironment in airway diseases. In this review, we aimed to identify molecules that either positively or negatively influence the function and/or plasticity of ILCs and the sources of the molecules in the airways in order to examine the pathophysiology of airway inflammatory diseases and facilitate the issues to be solved.
Identifying Optimization Opportunities Using Memory Access Tracing in OpenSHMEM Runtimes with the TAU Performance System (2020)

Exascale systems are expected to have fewer bytes of memory per core available than present petascale systems. Previous analysis of the Open MPI OpenSHMEM runtime has shown that it allocates some object types which use memory proportional to the square of the number of PEs. In this paper, we describe a technique for tracking memory accesses by OpenSHMEM runtimes. By tracking reads and writes, we can determine which object types are constant after initialization; those objects could be shared across PEs which are co-located on the same physical node. This tracking is implemented in the TAU Performance System by using user-level page fault handling in Linux.
Correlation between the leakage current and the thickness of GaN‐layer of AlGaN/GaN‐HFET (2007)

Abstract For further improvements in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field‐effect transistor performance, it is necessary to reduce the buffer leakage current of the GaN layer. We studied the correlation between the buffer leakage current and the thickness of GaN layers. Unintentionally doped GaN layers with different thicknesses from 0.2 μm to 2 μm were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on SiC substrates. The buffer leakage current of the GaN layer was measured after deposition of ohmic metal contact and the dislocations were observed using a transmission electron microscopy. The thinner samples had a smaller buffer leakage current although a higher density of threading dislocations. We discussed the origin for the reduction in the buffer leakage current for the thinner GaN layers by assuming that the residual carrier in the GaN layer was compensated by dislocations. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Retrieve and Refine: Improved Sequence Generation Models For Dialogue (2018)

Sequence generation models for dialogue are known to have several problems: they tend to produce short, generic sentences that are uninformative and unengaging. Retrieval models on the other hand can surface interesting responses, but are restricted to the given retrieval set leading to erroneous replies that cannot be tuned to the specific context. In this work we develop a model that combines the two approaches to avoid both their deficiencies: first retrieve a response and then refine it -the final sequence generator treating the retrieval as additional context. We show on the recent CON-VAI2 challenge task our approach produces responses superior to both standard retrieval and generation models in human evaluations.
Low-dose aspirin and upper gastrointestinal damage:epidemiology, prevention and treatment (2006)

Prophylactic low-dose aspirin therapy is associated with an increased risk of developing upper GI side effects. Administration of a PPI seems the most effective therapy for the prevention and/or relief of such side effects in at-risk patients. H. pylori eradication therapy further reduces the risk of upper GI bleeding in these patients.
Antibody&ndash;drug conjugates: targeted weapons against cancer (2015)

Abstract: Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are formed by a targeting antibody conjugated to a chemotherapeutic molecule through a linker. Recent data demonstrate that ADCs represent a valuable advancement for the clinics and, despite their recent appearance in medicine, they are already undergoing an innovation wave aimed at targeting all three ADC building blocks. Thus, new antibody formats are being engineered, site-specific linkers are being designed, and highly toxic molecules, like RNA polymerase inhibitors, are starting to be used for conjugation. These molecules were previously considered extremely toxic and could not be used as chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we will present an overview of current cancer treatments and their limitations, and the logic that has led to the generation of ADCs. Their mechanism of action will be outlined, and the most recent novelties in linker design and optimization will be discussed, along with present and near future discoveries in the current ADC research pipeline. Keywords: immunoconjugates, antibody–drug conjugates, antibody fragments, cancer, monoclonal antibodies
The leucine-responsive regulatory protein binds to the fim switch to control phase variation of type 1 fimbrial expression in Escherichia coli K-12 (1994)

Phase variation of type 1 fimbriation in Escherichia coli is associated with the site-specific recombination of a 314-bp DNA invertible element. The fim switch directs transcription of fimA, the major fimbrial subunit gene, in one orientation (on) but not the other (off). Switching requires either fimB (on-to-off or off-to-on inversion) or fimE (on-to-off inversion only) and is reduced sharply in strains containing lrp::Tn10 mutations. Both fimE-promoted switching and fimB-promoted switching are stimulated by the amino acids alanine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine, and this regulation requires lrp. Here it is shown that the leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) binds in and adjacent to the fim switch. Mutations in fim that lower Lrp binding in vitro have corresponding effects on both fimB-promoted switching and fimE-promoted switching in vivo. Lrp initiates binding at one of two sites within the fim switch. Additional cooperative binding results in an extensive region of protection from both DNase I and 1,10-phenanthroline-copper complex-activated DNA cleavage. The region of protection can extend to within 12 bp of the right inverted repeat (switch off) and occupies over one-third of the switch. It is proposed that wrapping of fim DNA around an Lrp complex is required to form a recombination-proficient structure.
A Simulation Study of Two Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation Techniques (1981)

Signal space coded signaling systems have the potential of achieving significant error-rate improvement without the bandwidth expansion normally encountered when error-correcting codes are used. This paper investigates two such systems by means of computer simulation. A band-limited, nonlinear channel is assumed and both systems exhibit performance improvenment compared to uncoded systems.
The total synthesis of (±)-chamigrene (1967)

A. Tanaka, H. Uda and A. Yoshikoshi, Chem. Commun. (London), 1967, 188 DOI: 10.1039/C19670000188
Automatic histogram specification based on fuzzy set operations for image enhancement (1995)

An automatic histogram specification method is proposed for image enhancement. Parameterized fuzzy number (PFN) is adopted for the representation of image histogram. The desired histogram PFN is automatically constructed by the fuzzy addition of the tuning PFN and the original one. The tuning PFN is implied from the fuzzy inference rules. The mapping function is decided by the relations between the desired PFN and the original one. The effectual results are demonstrated by the mapping functions which meet the image enhancement requirements. The performance and effectiveness are shown by the analysis and the resultant image in comparison with other methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selective increase in cellular Aβ42 is related to apoptosis but not necrosis (2000)

Amyloid beta protein ending at 42 (A beta 42) plays an important role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we show an increase in cellular A beta 42 in damaged neurons, with both ELISA and immunocytochemistry. The cellular A beta 42 increase was caused by 3-day treatments with H2O2, etoposide or melphalan, all of which induce genotoxic apoptosis, but not by treatment with sodium azide, which causes necrosis. Secreted A beta was similarly decreased with all these treatments. The cellular A beta 42 increase appeared even with minimal damage (ELISA) and A beta 42-positive cells were TUNEL negative (double staining), indicating that any early apoptosis mechanism may induce the cellular A beta 42 increase. Thus, neuronal apoptosis and cellular A beta 42 increase may be linked in a way that contributes importantly to AD pathology.
Advances in Urethane Rigid Foam Processes and Applications (1965)

The use of rigid urethane foams for insula tion of domestic and commercial refrigerators is described. Various techniques of filling, production lines, layout of equipment are discussed. The merits of the two main types of isocyanate (MDI or TDI) are displayed. Progress in the use of sandwich panels is re viewed. The ICI one-shot rigid foam MDI system, a positive injection process with a high-output foam dispensing unit and multi- daylight presses, is now well established. A newer technique utilizes a specially designed ICI machine for continuous lamination. The new process utilizes facing materials applic abe to continuous sheet feeding. Rigid mate rials can be used as the lower facing and semi-rigid materials may be used as either the top or the lower facing.
A proposal for a multijunction thermal converter (AC-DC standard) (1989)

A multijunction thermal converter is proposed as an AC-DC transfer standard. It consists of a row of thermocouples composed of bismuth and antimony on a mica substrate and a twisted bifilar heater wire. The junctions of the thermocouples are alternately aligned in parallel lines on the substrate. The heater, made of a fine resistive wire, is placed on one line of the junctions to make the hot junctions of the thermocouples. A thick copper plate covered with a vinyl sheet is fixed on the other line of the junctions to make the cold junctions. The AC-DC transfer difference of the multijunction thermal converter was compared with that of a single-junction thermal converter. The measurements show that the AC-DC difference of the latter differs from that of the former by -3.3 p.p.m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Titanium-Water Thermosyphon Gamma Radiation Exposure and Results (2012)

Titanium-water thermosyphons are being considered for use in heat rejection systems for fission power systems. Their proximity to the nuclear reactor will result in some gamma irradiation. Noncondensable gas formation from radiation-induced breakdown of water over time may render portions of the thermosyphon condenser inoperable. A series of developmental thermosyphons were operated at nominal operating temperature under accelerated gamma irradiation, with exposures on the same order of magnitude as that expected in 8 years of heat rejection system operation. Temperature data were obtained during exposure at three locations on each thermosyphon: evaporator, condenser, and condenser end cap. Some noncondensable gas was evident; however, thermosyphon performance was not affected because the noncondensable gas was compressed into the fill tube region at the top of the thermosyphon, away from the heat rejecting fin. The trend appeared to be an increasing amount of noncondensable gas formation with increasing gamma irradiation dose. Hydrogen is thought to be the most likely candidate for the noncondensable gas and hydrogen is known to diffuse through grain boundaries. Post-exposure evaluation of one thermosyphon in a vacuum chamber and at temperature revealed that the noncondensable gas diffused out of the thermosyphon over a relatively short period of time. Further research shows a number of experimental and theoretical examples of radiolysis occurring through gamma radiation alone in pure water.
Protection against inhaled oxidants through scavenging of oxidized lipids by macrophage receptors MARCO and SR-AI/II (2007)

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) express the class A scavenger receptors (SRAs) macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) and scavenger receptor AI/II (SRA-I/II), which recognize oxidized lipids and provide innate defense against inhaled pathogens and particles. Increased MARCO expression in lungs of ozone-resistant mice suggested an additional role protecting against inhaled oxidants. After ozone exposure, MARCO-/- mice showed greater lung injury than did MARCO+/+ mice. Ozone is known to generate oxidized, proinflammatory lipids in lung lining fluid, such as 5beta,6beta-epoxycholesterol (beta-epoxide) and 1-palmitoyl-2-(9'-oxo-nonanoyl)-glycerophosphocholine (PON-GPC). Intratracheal instillation of either lipid caused substantial neutrophil influx in MARCO-/- mice, but had no effect in MARCO+/+ mice. Normal AMs showed greater uptake in vitro of beta-epoxide compared with MARCO-/- AMs, consistent with SRA function in binding oxidized lipids. SR-AI/II-/- mice showed similar enhanced acute lung inflammation after beta-epoxide or another inhaled oxidant (aerosolized leachate of residual oil fly ash). In contrast, subacute ozone exposure did not enhance inflammation in SR-AI/II-/- versus SR-AI/II+/+ mice, reflecting increased AM expression of MARCO. These data identify what we believe to be a novel function for AM SRAs in decreasing pulmonary inflammation after oxidant inhalation by scavenging proinflammatory oxidized lipids from lung lining fluids.
The tyrosine kinase activity of p56<sup>lck</sup> is increased in human T cells activated via CD2 (1991)

An early biochemical event associated with T cell activation is tyrosine phosphorylation. We have previously shown that p56lck, a lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase, is hyperphosphorylated on serine and tyrosine residues 15 minutes after activation via CD2 with a concomitant shift to a higher molecular mass. We now demonstrate that the tyrosine kinase activity of p56lck is increased within seconds following CD2 triggering. This activity decreases thereafter correlating with the appearance of changes in phosphorylation previously described. These results suggest that p56lck may play an important role in the CD2 activation pathway.
Big data stream analysis: a systematic literature review (2019)

Recently, big data streams have become ubiquitous due to the fact that a number of applications generate a huge amount of data at a great velocity. This made it difficult for existing data mining tools, technologies, methods, and techniques to be applied directly on big data streams due to the inherent dynamic characteristics of big data. In this paper, a systematic review of big data streams analysis which employed a rigorous and methodical approach to look at the trends of big data stream tools and technologies as well as methods and techniques employed in analysing big data streams. It provides a global view of big data stream tools and technologies and its comparisons. Three major databases, Scopus, ScienceDirect and EBSCO, which indexes journals and conferences that are promoted by entities such as IEEE, ACM, SpringerLink, and Elsevier were explored as data sources. Out of the initial 2295 papers that resulted from the first search string, 47 papers were found to be relevant to our research questions after implementing the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study found that scalability, privacy and load balancing issues as well as empirical analysis of big data streams and technologies are still open for further research efforts. We also found that although, significant research efforts have been directed to real-time analysis of big data stream not much attention has been given to the preprocessing stage of big data streams. Only a few big data streaming tools and technologies can do all of the batch, streaming, and iterative jobs; there seems to be no big data tool and technology that offers all the key features required for now and standard benchmark dataset for big data streaming analytics has not been widely adopted. In conclusion, it was recommended that research efforts should be geared towards developing scalable frameworks and algorithms that will accommodate data stream computing mode, effective resource allocation strategy and parallelization issues to cope with the ever-growing size and complexity of data.
The LIM-Only Protein PINCH Directly Interacts with Integrin-Linked Kinase and Is Recruited to Integrin-Rich Sites in Spreading Cells (1999)

PINCH is a widely expressed and evolutionarily conserved protein comprising primarily five LIM domains, which are cysteine-rich consensus sequences implicated in mediating protein-protein interactions. We report here that PINCH is a binding protein for integrin-linked kinase (ILK), an intracellular serine/threonine protein kinase that plays important roles in the cell adhesion, growth factor, and Wnt signaling pathways. The interaction between ILK and PINCH has been consistently observed under a variety of experimental conditions. They have interacted in yeast two-hybrid assays, in solution, and in solid-phase-based binding assays. Furthermore, ILK, but not vinculin or focal adhesion kinase, has been coisolated with PINCH from mammalian cells by immunoaffinity chromatography, indicating that PINCH and ILK associate with each other in vivo. The PINCH-ILK interaction is mediated by the N-terminal-most LIM domain (LIM1, residues 1 to 70) of PINCH and multiple ankyrin (ANK) repeats located within the N-terminal domain (residues 1 to 163) of ILK. Additionally, biochemical studies indicate that ILK, through the interaction with PINCH, is capable of forming a ternary complex with Nck-2, an SH2/SH3-containing adapter protein implicated in growth factor receptor kinase and small GTPase signaling pathways. Finally, we have found that PINCH is concentrated in peripheral ruffles of cells spreading on fibronectin and have detected clusters of PINCH that are colocalized with the alpha5beta1 integrins. These results demonstrate a specific protein recognition mechanism utilizing a specific LIM domain and multiple ANK repeats and suggest that PINCH functions as an adapter protein connecting ILK and the integrins with components of growth factor receptor kinase and small GTPase signaling pathways.
GPS-BASED SYSTEM FOR AUTONOMOUS AND PERMANENT MONITORING OF LARGE STRUCTURES (2002)

Global Positioning System technology can provide position information with accuracy to a few millimeters in near real-time. Thanks to this level of precision, the movement of large structures can be monitored accurately. The falling tendency of GPS receiver equipment pricing and their miniaturization, along with their modest power requirements allowed the design of a monitoring system, deemed interesting for a number of applications. It has been shown that using carrier phase DGPS, an entire network of receiver modules can be installed in order to monitor relative movements in three dimensions. Typical applications for this type of sensor network include monitoring of structures such as bridges, buildings, dams, as well as measuring the movement of landslides and rock formations. The system consists of a number of small receivers installed on the object to be monitored. A control station is responsible for data collection, post-processing, and supervision of the network. Ancillary sensors such as distance meters, accelerometers or inclinometers may be added to each receiver unit. Their measurements can be synchronized to the positional measurements, logged and transmitted to the base station on demand. The equipment itself needs no maintenance, an accumulator and a solar panel enable autonomous operation over extended periods of time. This paper presents the functional principles of the system and a few application examples.