gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (1981)

Synopsis Mechanisms for the action of hindered amine light stabilizers are reviewed briefly. On the basis of these considerations, two aspects of the mode of action of these substances were examined more closely. First the interaction of selected tetramethylpiperidine (TMP) derivatives with radicals arising from Norrish-type I cleavage of diisopropyl ketone under oxygen was studied. These species are most probably the isopropyl peroxy and isobutyryl peroxy radicals immediately formed after α-splitting of diisopropyl ketone and subsequent addition of O2 to the initially generated radicals. Product analysis and kinetic studies showed that the investigated TMP derivatives exercise a marked controlling influence over the nature of the products formed in the photooxidative process. The results obtained point to an interaction between TMP derivatives and especially the isobutyryl peroxy radical. Secondly, the interaction of hindered amines with hydroperoxides was examined. At room temperature, using different monofunctional model hydroperoxides, a direct hydroperoxide decomposition by
Non-Line-of-Sight Identification and Mitigation Using Received Signal Strength (2014)

Indoor wireless systems often operate under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions that can cause ranging errors for location-based applications. As such, these applications could benefit greatly from NLOS identification and mitigation techniques. These techniques have been primarily investigated for ultra-wide band (UWB) systems, but little attention has been paid to WiFi systems, which are far more prevalent in practice. In this study, we address the NLOS identification and mitigation problems using multiple received signal strength (RSS) measurements from WiFi signals. Key to our approach is exploiting several statistical features of the RSS time series, which are shown to be particularly effective. We develop and compare two algorithms based on machine learning and a third based on hypothesis testing to separate LOS/NLOS measurements. Extensive experiments in various indoor environments show that our techniques can distinguish between LOS/NLOS conditions with an accuracy of around 95%. Furthermore, the presented techniques improve distance estimation accuracy by 60% as compared to state-of-the-art NLOS mitigation techniques. Finally, improvements in distance estimation accuracy of 50% are achieved even without environment-specific training data, demonstrating the practicality of our approach to real world implementations.
Reduced-complexity waveform coding via alphabet partitioning (2002)

We study the waveform coding problem where the data source symbols have a distribution that is simultaneously highly peaked and very long tailed-a situation when the source entropy is small, but the coding process must deal with a very large number of symbols. This type of problem can be found, for example, in the lossless compression of medical images. Those images are digitized with 10-12 bpp, and they are commonly quite smooth.
Digital communications : fundamentals and applications (2017)

For courses in Digital Communications. Exceptionally accessible, this book presents the often difficult concepts of digital communications in an easy-to- understand manner-without diluting the mathematical precision. Using a student-friendly approach, it develops the important techniques in the context of a unified structure (in block diagram form)-providing organization and structure to a field that has, and continues, to grow rapidly, and ensuring that students gain an awareness of the big picture even while delving into the details (the most up-to-date modulation, coding, and signal processing techniques that have become the basic tools of our modern era). It traces signals and key processing steps from the information source through the transmitter, channel, receiver, and ultimately to the information sink.
Fast Li-ion conduction in poly(ethylene carbonate)-based electrolytes and composites filled with TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (2014)

We have found remarkable ion-conductive properties in a novel polymer electrolyte composed of poly(ethylene carbonate) and Li bis-(fluorosulfonyl) imide. The self-diffusion coefficient of Li-ions exceeded 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1) and the Li transference number was estimated to be more than 0.8 in composites filled with only 1 wt% of TiO2 nanoparticles.
Synthesis of active RC networks containing distributed and lumped elements (1967)

A practical procedure for synthesizing distributed, lumped active (DLA) networks is developed by determining a set of equivalent rational pole positions ccrresponding to the amplitude response of three specific DLA networks which together allow the realization of filters with left half-plane poles and j w axis zeros.An example of the synthesis of a ?-pole, 4 j w axis zero elliptic function low-pass filter is given.DLA RC networks (ref.4).
s2.5‐D electromagnetic forward modeling in the time and frequency domains using the finite element method (1999)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999s2.5‐D electromagnetic forward modeling in the time and frequency domains using the finite element methodAuthors: Yongliang MengWeidong LiMichael S. ZhdanovYanzhong LuoYongliang MengChina University of Geosciences, Weidong LiUniversity of Utah, Michael S. ZhdanovUniversity of Utah, and Yanzhong LuoChina University of Geoscienceshttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820990 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820990FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1999 Pages: 2061 publication data© 1999 Copyright © 1999 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Yongliang Meng, Weidong Li, Michael S. Zhdanov, and Yanzhong Luo, (1999), "s2.5‐D electromagnetic forward modeling in the time and frequency domains using the finite element method," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 243-246. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820990 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Up-conversion luminescence of Mn2+ ions in Zn1−xMgxS:Mn2+ nanoparticles (2010)

The up-conversion luminescence of Zn1−xMgxS:Mn2+ nanoparticles fabricated by an inorganic precipitation method is studied by using a near-infrared femtosecond laser. The up-converted luminescence is blueshifted when increasing the Mg composition because of weaker crystal field effect. Comparing with thin films, the luminescence of Zn1−xMgxS:Mn2+ nanoparticles shifts several nanometers to the red side due to quantum confinement effect and site-selected Mn2+ excitation. The measured power dependence shows that a second-order absorption process is responsible for the up-conversion luminescence. The up-conversion luminescence peak of the Zn1−xMgxS:Mn2+ nanoparticles does not change when the excitation wavelength is tuned between 750 to 790 nm.
Ethanol‐Induced Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Hepatocytes (1996)

This short review focuses on ethanol-induced oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. Apoptosis is increasingly recognized as a fundamental biological process that impacts on an early development, maturation, and acquisition of disease states of multicellular organisms. Although the occurrence of apoptosis has been identified for many decades, relatively recent acceptance of this principle is evidenced by remarkable increases in special conferences and presentations on this topic as well as its rapidly expanding volume of scientific literature. Oxidative stress is well recognized to be a key step in the pathogenesis of ethanol-associated liver injury. Ethanol administration induces an increase in lipid peroxidation either by enhancing the production of oxygen reactive species and/or by decreasing the level of endogenous antioxidants. Studies in our laboratory using a confocal laser scanning microscopic system strongly suggest that agents which inhibit ethanol-induced oxidative stress effectively attenuate hepatocyte death, i.e., apoptosis and necrosis. In addition, our investigations demonstrated that inhibitors of intracellular antioxidants exaggerate ethanol-associated hepatocyte apoptosis. Although the detailed mechanism still remains unknown, it is conceivable that an oxidant-dependent mechanism is largely involved in the process for ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis.
Models and estimators linking individual-based and sample-based rarefaction, extrapolation and comparison of assemblages (2012)

In ecology and conservation biology, the number of species counted in a biodiversity study is a key metric but is usually a biased underestimate of total species richness because many rare species are not detected. Moreover, comparing species richness among sites or samples is a statistical challenge because the observed number of species is sensitive to the number of individuals counted or the area sampled. For individual-based data, we treat a single, empirical sample of species abundances from an investigator-defined species assemblage or community as a reference point for two estimation objectives under two sampling models: estimating the expected number of species (and its unconditional variance) in a random sample of (i) a smaller number of individuals (multinomial model) or a smaller area sampled (Poisson model) and (ii) a larger number of individuals or a larger area sampled. For sample-based incidence (presence-absence) data, under a Bernoulli product model, we treat a single set of species incidence frequencies as the reference point to estimate richness for smaller and larger numbers of sampling units.
Reactive nanostructured membranes for water purification (2011)

Many current treatments for the reclamation of contaminated water sources are chemical-intensive, energy-intensive, and/or require posttreatment due to unwanted by-product formation. We demonstrate that through the integration of nanostructured materials, enzymatic catalysis, and iron-catalyzed free radical reactions within pore-functionalized synthetic membrane platforms, we are able to conduct environmentally important oxidative reactions for toxic organic degradation and detoxification from water without the addition of expensive or harmful chemicals. In contrast to conventional, passive membrane technologies, our approach utilizes two independently controlled, nanostructured membranes in a stacked configuration for the generation of the necessary oxidants. These include biocatalytic and organic/inorganic (polymer/iron) nanocomposite membranes. The bioactive (top) membrane contains an electrostatically immobilized enzyme for the catalytic production of one of the main reactants, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), from glucose. The bottom membrane contains either immobilized iron ions or ferrihydrite/iron oxide nanoparticles for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to form powerful free radical oxidants. By permeating (at low pressure) a solution containing a model organic contaminant, such as trichlorophenol, with glucose in oxygen-saturated water through the membrane stack, significant contaminant degradation was realized. To illustrate the effectiveness of this membrane platform in real-world applications, membrane-immobilized ferrihydrite/iron oxide nanoparticles were reacted with hydrogen peroxide to form free radicals for the degradation of a chlorinated organic contaminant in actual groundwater. Although we establish the development of these nanostructured materials for environmental applications, the practical and methodological advances demonstrated here permit the extension of their use to applications including disinfection and/or virus inactivation.
Trajectory split method for Monte Carlo simulation of ion implantation (1995)

A new method for the acceleration of two- and three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of ion implantation into crystalline targets is presented. The trajectory split method ensures a much better statistical representation in regions with a dopant concentration several orders of magnitudes smaller than the maximum. As a result, the time required to perform a simulation with comparable statistical accuracy is drastically reduced. The advantages of the new approach have been confirmed by a thorough statistical analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient Probability of Failure Calculations for QMU using Computational Geometry LDRD 13-0144 Final Report (2015)

This SAND report summarizes our work on the Sandia National Laboratory LDRD project titled "Efficient Probability of Failure Calculations for QMU using Computational Geometry" which was project #165617 and proposal #13-0144. This report merely summarizes our work. Those interested in the technical details are encouraged to read the full published results, and contact the report authors for the status of the software and follow-on projects.
Relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor level and both cerebral artery stenosis and collateral circulation formation in patients with transient carotid artery ischemic attack (2013)

Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and both cerebral artery stenosis and coronary collateral formation in patients with transient carotid artery ischemic attack (TIA).Methods Ninety patients with TIA,admitted to our hospital from January 2007 to December 2010,were chosen in our study.The plasma VEGF level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The location,degree of stenosis and patterns of collateral circulation were examined by digital subtraction angiography (DSA),and the relationships between the level of plasma VEGF and both cerebral artery stenosis and coronary collateral circulation were assessed.Results The VEGF level in patients with cerebral artery stenoses (n=66,[292.65±131.04 ng/L]) increased as compared with that in controls with normal cerebral artery (n=24,[82.83±45.47 ng/L]) with significant difference (P＜0.05).In the 66 patients with cerebral artery stenoses,mild stenosis was noted in 7 (10.7％),moderate stenosis in 15 (22.7％),severe stenosis in 35 (53.0％) and occlusion in 9 (13.7％).When the degree of cerebral artery stenosis became severer,the VEGF level was higher,enjoying positive correlation with the degree of stenosis (r=0.759,P=0.000).No collateral circulation appeared in 7 patients; collateral circulations were formatted in 46 patients with TIA,including anterior communicating compensation (n=11,23.9％),posterior communicating compensation (n=9,19.6％),leptomeningeal anastomosis compensation (n=5,10.9％),extemal carotid artery compensation (n=3,6.5％) and joint compensations (n=18,39.1％); the VEGF level in patients with joint compensations ([388.06±91.27] ng/L) was higher than that in patients with single type of collateral circulation ([303.25±121.65] ng/L,P＜0.05); that in patients with single type of collateral circulation was higher than that in patients without collateral circulation ([177.43±87.87] ng/L,P＜0.05).Conclusion VEGF might enhance the collateral circulation formation and doubly regulate the development of atherosclerosis.

Key words: 
Vascular endothelial growth factor;  Transient ischemic attack;  Cerebral artery stenosis;  Collateral circulation
Relative Expression Levels of the HLA Class-I Proteins in Normal and HIV-Infected Cells (2015)

The expression level of HLA class-I proteins is known to influence pathological outcomes: pathogens downregulate HLA to evade host immune responses, host inflammatory reactions upregulate HLA, and differences among people with regard to the steady-state expression levels of HLA associate with disease susceptibility. Yet precise quantification of relative expression levels of the various HLA loci is difficult because of the tremendous polymorphism of HLA. We report relative expression levels of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-E proteins for the specific haplotype A*02:01, B*44:02, C*05:01, which were characterized using two independent methods based on flow cytometry and mass spectrometry. PBLs from normal donors showed that HLA-A and HLA-B proteins are expressed at similar levels, which are 13-18 times higher than HLA-C by flow cytometry and 4-5 times higher than HLA-C by mass spectrometry; these differences may reflect variation in the conformation or location of proteins detected. HLA-E was detected at a level 25 times lower than that of HLA-C by mass spectrometry. Primary CD4(+) T cells infected with HIV in vitro were also studied because HIV downregulates selective HLA types. HLA-A and HLA-B were reduced on HIV-infected cells by a magnitude that varied between cells in an infected culture. Averaging all infected cells from an individual showed HLA-A to be 1-3 times higher and HLA-B to be 2-5 times higher than HLA-C by flow cytometry. These results quantify substantial differences in expression levels of the proteins from different HLA loci, which are very likely physiologically significant on both uninfected and HIV-infected cells.
Land Application of Domestic Effluent onto Four Soil Types: Plant Uptake and Nutrient Leaching (2005)

Land application has become a widely applied method for treating wastewater. However, it is not always clear which soil-plant systems should be used, or why. The objectives of our study were to determine if four contrasting soils, from which the pasture is regularly cut and removed, varied in their ability to assimilate nutrients from secondary-treated domestic effluent under high hydraulic loadings, in comparison with unirrigated, fertilized pasture. Grassed intact soil cores (500 mm in diameter by 700 mm in depth) were irrigated (50 mm wk(-1)) with secondary-treated domestic effluent for two years. Soils included a well-drained Allophanic Soil (Typic Hapludand), a poorly drained Gley Soil (Typic Endoaquept), a well-drained Pumice Soil formed from rhyolitic tephra (Typic Udivitrand), and a well-drained Recent Soil formed in a sand dune (Typic Udipsamment). Effluent-irrigated soils received between 746 and 815 kg N ha(-1) and 283 and 331 kg P ha(-1) over two years of irrigation, and unirrigated treatments received 200 kg N ha(-1) and 100 kg P ha(-1) of dissolved inorganic fertilizer over the same period. Applying effluent significantly increased plant uptake of N and P from all soil types. For the effluent-irrigated soils plant N uptake ranged from 186 to 437 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), while plant P uptake ranged from 40 to 88 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1) for the effluent-irrigated soils. Applying effluent significantly increased N leaching losses from Gley and Recent Soils, and after two years ranged from 17 to 184 kg N ha(-1) depending on soil type. Effluent irrigation only increased P leaching from the Gley Soil. All P leaching losses were less than 49 kg P ha(-1) after two years. The N and P leached from effluent treatments were mainly in organic form (69-87% organic N and 35-65% unreactive P). Greater N and P leaching losses from the irrigated Gley Soil were attributed to preferential flow that reduced contact between the effluent and the soil matrix. Increased N leaching from the Recent Soil was the result of increased leaching of native soil organic N due to the higher hydraulic loading from the effluent irrigation.
Characterization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors in human cerebral arteries with selective agonists and the new Y<sub>1</sub> antagonist BIBP 3226 (1995)

1. We have characterized pharmacologically the receptor subtype(s) responsible for the neuropeptide Y (NPY)-induced vasoconstriction in human cerebral arteries. NPY, PYY and several of their derivatives with well defined affinities at the known Y1 and Y2 receptor subtypes were used. Moreover, we tested the ability of the new Y1 receptor antagonist, BIBP 3226, to antagonize the NPY-induced cerebral vasoconstriction. 2. NPY, PYY and their agonists with high affinities at the Y1 receptor subtype ([Leu31-Pro34]-NPY and [Leu31-Pro34]-PYY) elicited strong, long lasting and concentration-dependent contractions of human cerebral arteries. Compounds with Y2 affinity such as PYY3-36 or NPY13-36 either elicited a submaximal contraction at high concentrations or failed to induce any significant vasomotor response. Also, the application of NPY or the specific Y1 agonist, [Leu31-Pro34]-NPY, to human cerebral vessels pretreated with the Y1 agonist, NPY13-36, resulted in contractile responses identical to those obtained when these compounds were tested without prior application of NPY13-36. 3. The order of agonist potency at the human cerebrovascular receptor was: [Leu31-Pro34]-NPY = [Leu31-Pro34]-PYY > or = NPY > PYY > PYY3-36 > > > NPY13-36, which corresponded to that reported previously at the neuronal and vascular Y1 receptors. 4. Increasing concentrations (10(-9)-10(-6) M) of the Y1 receptor antagonist, BIBP 3226, to human cerebral vessels caused a parallel and rightward shift in the NPY dose-response curves without any significant change in the maximal contractile response. The calculated pA2 was 8.52 +/- 0.13, a value compatible with the reported affinity at the rodent and human Y1 receptor. 5. We conclude that Y1 receptors exclusively, mediate the NPY-induced contraction in human cerebral arteries and we show that BIBP 3226 is a potent and competitive antagonist of this YI-mediated vasoconstriction.
Destruction of gaseous pollutants by surface induced plasma chemical process-SPCP (2002)

A ceramic-made reactor is used for the generation of high-frequency surface discharge to produce a planar plasma region over its surface, and the gas containing pollutants is contacted to this region to be exposed to radicals (OH, O, O/sup 3/, N, NH/sub 2/, H, etc.) to be decomposed or oxidized. this process has a wide application range from diesel engines, industrial furnaces,incinerators, and food processing to large industrial and utility boilers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>