gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of the smallest component of silk protein (1980)

Silk proteins were solubilized from cocoons with ethylenediamine/cupric hydroxide solution. A series of polymers of the smallest component, detected by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, could be converted into the smallest component by reduction and aminoethylation. Fibroin and sericin fractions were separated by precipitation of sericin at pH 5.5. On gel electrophoresis, sericin showed distinct bands but fibroin did not. The components of fibroin and sericin were fractionated by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B. The smallest component in the sericin fraction was purified by rechromatography and showed a single band on gel electrophoresis. Its mol. wt. was 24 000, and its amino acid composition was determined.
FE 200 440: a selective oxytocin antagonist on the term-pregnant human uterus (2003)

Objective To compare a newly developed oxytocin antagonist, FE 200 440, with atosiban and ANTAG III, as to potency and selectivity of inhibitory effects on oxytocin- and vasopressin-induced myometrial responses. FE 200 440 has high affinity for the human cloned oxytocin receptor, approximately 300-fold that for the vasopressin V1a receptor, whereas atosiban binds well to both receptors. Design In vitro study of human myometrial contractility. Setting The Research Laboratory of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden. Participants Forty-seven term-pregnant women not in labour who were delivered by caesarean section. Interventions Concentration–response curves with oxytocin and arginine vasopressin on isolated myometrial strips were recorded in control experiments, in the presence of atosiban in concentrations of 25, 250 and 750 nmol/L, and after pretreatment with ANTAG III and FE 200 440, both in concentrations of 2.5, 25 and 250 nmol/L. Main outcome measure pA2 values (i.e. an index of inhibitory action). Results With oxytocin as the agonist, the median pA2 values for atosiban, ANTAG III and FE 200 440 were 10.6, 9.5 and 8.3, respectively. With vasopressin as the agonist, the pA2 values for atosiban and ANTAG III were 8.8 and 8.7, whereas no inhibitory effect of FE 200 440 was seen in five out of six experiments. Conclusion The new analogue FE 200 440 is a selective oxytocin antagonist and, in contrast to atosiban and ANTAG III, has practically no effect on vasopressin-induced contractions of isolated term-pregnant human myometrium.
Antimicrobial activity and in vitro corneal epithelial toxicity of antimicrobial agents for Gram-positive corneal pathogens (1993)

We assessed in vitro the antimicrobial activity of four agents (vancomycin, teicoplanin, mupirocin, and imipenem) which are effective against Gram-positive cocci causally associated with bacterial keratitis, as well as their corneal epithelial cytotoxicity. Minimal inhibitory concentrations inhibiting 90% of strains (MIC90s) against 10 strains each of methicillin-sus-ceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, penicillin-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and viri-dans group streptococci were as follows: vancomycin (MIC90s 0.25–2 μg/ml), teicoplanin (MIC90s 0.25–4 μg/ml, mupirocin (MIC90s 0.12–4 μg/mJ), and imi-penem (MIC90s 0.008–0.25 μg/ml, except for methicillin-resistant staphylococci with MIC90 of 16 μg/ml). Cytotoxicity was assayed by uptake of 3H-thymidine by rabbit corneal epithelial cell cultures at drug concentrations of 12.5–100 mg/ml for vancomycin and teicoplanin, 1–8 mg/ml for mupirocin and 0.125–8 mg/ml for imipenem, with exposure times of 5, 30 and 60 min. Cytotoxicity was as follows: imipenem < mupirocin < vancomycin ≦, teicoplanin. Resistance to methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis for imipenem and resistance to S. epidermidis and cytotoxicity for teicoplanin limit their consideration for suspected Gram-positive keratitis. On the other hand, vancomycin and mupirocin, because of their excellent therapeutic indices, should be considered for this indication.
X- and Ku-band amplifiers with GaAs Schottky-barriers field-effect transistors (1973)

During recent years significant progress has been made in GaAs technology and the GaAs Schottky-barrier field-effect transistor now shows outstanding microwave gain and noise properties. Two experimental microwave amplifiers demonstrate that the device is very well suited for broad-band applications and that large bandwidth in the X- and Ku-band can be obtained with simple circuits. The first of the two three-stage amplifiers realized was optimized with respect to noise and a noise figure of 3.8 dB was obtained at 8 GHz; the maximum gain is 17.5 dB at 8.3 GHz and the 3-dB bandwidth is 1.3 GHz. The second amplifier has a maximum gain of 11.5 dB at 11.5 GHz. The gain is greater than 8.5 dB in the range 9.5-14.3 GHz.
Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of iGb3 and Gb3 (2006)

Efficient chemoenzymatic syntheses of iGb3 and Gb3 have been developed. Isoglobotrihexose and globotrihexose were enzymatically synthesized by a three-enzyme system in both solid and solution phases. Then iGb3 and Gb3 were chemically synthesized by coupling of the corresponding trisaccharides with lipid.
Noninvasive Neuron Pinning with Nanopillar Arrays (2010)

Cell migration in a cultured neuronal network presents an obstacle to selectively measuring the activity of the same neuron over a long period of time. Here we report the use of nanopillar arrays to pin the position of neurons in a noninvasive manner. Vertical nanopillars protruding from the surface serve as geometrically better focal adhesion points for cell attachment than a flat surface. The cell body mobility is significantly reduced from 57.8 μm on a flat surface to 3.9 μm on nanopillars over a 5 day period. Yet, neurons growing on nanopillar arrays show a growth pattern that does not differ in any significant way from that seen on a flat substrate. Notably, while the cell bodies of neurons are efficiently anchored by the nanopillars, the axons and dendrites are free to grow and elongate into the surrounding area to develop a neuronal network, which opens up opportunities for long-term study of the same neurons in connected networks.
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions measured as vibration on the eardrum of human subjects (2007)

It has previously not been possible to measure eardrum vibration of human subjects in the region of auditory threshold. It is proposed that such measurements should provide information about the status of the mechanical amplifier in the cochlea. It is this amplifier that is responsible for our extraordinary hearing sensitivity. Here, we present results from a laser Doppler vibrometer that we designed to noninvasively probe cochlear mechanics near auditory threshold. This device enables picometer-sized vibration measurements of the human eardrum in vivo. With this sensitivity, we found the eardrum frequency response to be linear down to at least a 20-dB sound pressure level (SPL). Nonlinear cochlear amplification was evaluated with the cubic distortion product of the otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in response to sound stimulation with two tones. DPOAEs originate from mechanical nonlinearity in the cochlea. For stimulus frequencies, f1 and f2, with f2/f1 = 1.2 and f2 = 4-9.5 kHz, and intensities L1 and L2, with L1 = 0.4L(2) + 39 dB and L2 = 20-65 dB SPL, the DPOAE displacement amplitudes were no more than 8 pm across subjects (n = 20), with hearing loss up to 16 dB. DPOAE vibration was nonlinearly dependent on vibration at f2. The dependence allowed the hearing threshold to be estimated objectively with high accuracy; the standard deviation of the threshold estimate was only 8.6 dB SPL. This device promises to be a powerful tool for differentially characterizing the mechanical condition of the cochlea and middle ear with high accuracy.
Advanced technologies for studying circulating tumor cells at the protein level (2013)

Metastasis is the main cause of cancer death. As the tumor progresses, cells from the primary tumor site are shed into the bloodstream as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Eventually, these cells colonize other organs and form distant metastases. It is therefore imperative that we gain a better understanding of the biological characteristics of CTCs for development of novel treatment modalities to minimize metastasis-associated cancer deaths. In recent years, rapid developments in technologies for the study of CTCs have taken place. We now have a variety of tools for the isolation and examination of CTCs which were not available before. This review introduces some commonly used protein markers in CTC investigations and summarizes a few advanced technologies which have been successfully applied for studying CTC biology at the protein level.
Bone Structure Changes in the Dog Under Rigid Internal Fixation (1971)

Uhthoff, Hans K. M.D., F.R.C.S.(C); Dubuc, Francois L. M.D., F.R.C.S.(C) Author Information
Experimental autoimmune prostatitis induces microglial activation in the spinal cord (2014)

Our data show that prostatitis leads to inflammation in the spinal cord and the activation and expansion of microglia, mechanisms that may contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pelvic pain.
From Alloying to Nanocomposites—Improved Performance of Hard Coatings (2000)

Nowadays a variety of different hard coatings are commercially available, the most widely used ones are TiN, TiC, TiCN, TiAlN, CrN, Al2O3, and combinations thereof, as well as some coatings with lubricating properties such as diamond-like carbon (DLC), WC/C or MoS2. To fulfil the industrial demands for improved coatings, a lower friction, a longer lifetime, a desired biological behavior or a better thermal stability in different environments, improved and application adapted coatings are developed. The different properties of a coating can be tuned to a desired value by alloying with suitable elements. Composite materials such as multilayer coatings and isotropic nanocomposite coatings, having structures in the nanometer range, can even show properties which can not be obtained by a single coating material alone. The authors review research and development work on the improvement of the overall coating performance. It mainly addresses alloying, the development of multilayer systems and the recently emerged field of nanocomposite coatings.
A scalable and highly manufacturable single metal gate/high-k CMOS integration for sub-32nm technology for LSTP applications (2006)

This paper reports on a scalable and simple gate-first integration option for manufacturing the high-k/metal gate CMOS transistors targeting sub-32 nm LSTP applications: Vt < plusmn 0.45 V (at Lg = 60 nm) at EOT les 1.4 nm, with 105 times Jg reduction compared to SiO2. This scheme integrates several simplifications and improvements for the first time: single metal gate material, single channel material, dual selective LaOx / AlOx cap removal without lithographic overlay tolerances issues and optimized HfSiON for LSTP leakage targets.
Studies on the lipophilicity of vehicles (or co-vehicles) and botanical oils used in cosmetic products. (2007)

The lipophilic character of five vehicles (or co-vehicles): diethylhexylmaleate, dimethicone, light mineral oil, octyldodecanol and oleyl alcohol and eight botanical oils: Aloe vera oil, coconut oil, extra virgin olive oil, grape leaf oil, grape seed oil, hazelnut oil, jojoba oil and safflower oil was determined by partitioning esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) between them and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The results were compared to those obtained with 1-octanol. The most lipophilic effects were observed with octyldodecanol and oleyl alcohol for the vehicles (or co-vehicles), coconut oil, jojoba oil and safflower oil for botanical oils. Light mineral oil showed the least lipophilic effect. With butylparaben, it was observed that oleyl alcohol, octyldodecanol, coconut oil and jojoba oil were 0.94, 0.91, 0.74 and 0.68 times as lipophilic as 1-octanol respectively. The study indicates that octyldodecanol and oleyl alcohol could be good substitutes for 1-octanol in partition coefficient determination. The estimated permeability coefficients of the parabens suggest that octyldodecanol, oleyl alcohol, coconut oil and jojoba oil could be potential dermal permeation enhancers.
A new symmetric probabilistic encryption scheme based on random numbers (2014)

A majority of the existing symmetric block encryption algorithms are deterministic in nature, i.e. for a given message and key combination, the encryption always results the same cipher text. An adversary can exploit this deterministic nature of symmetric block encryption algorithms by performing linear and differential cryptanalysis. Various block cipher modes like CBC are used in addition to these algorithms to randomize the ciphers. However, the use of block cipher modes makes symmetrical algorithms to execute sequentially. The proposed algorithm removes the essence of using such modes by incorporating the randomness into the algorithm itself. This enables the possibility to encrypt the data blocks faster on an N-processor system concurrently. Amalgamating the idea of probabilistic encryption with a six round random symmetric block encryption technique using a pseudorandom number generation scheme we present a new breed of fast paced symmetric-probabilistic encryption algorithm which yields cipher text that is resistant to not only to the trivial linear cryptanalytic techniques but also to differential cryptanalysis.
Hygrothermal Aging of Silane-Laced Epoxy Coatings (2010)

The impact of silane on the hygrothermal stability of epoxy coatings was investigated by specular neutron reflectivity (NR). By comparing the hygrothermal degradation behavior of neat novolac epoxy coating and corresponding bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide-laced epoxy coating, the role of silane was elucidated. Accelerated aging was achieved by exposing the samples to 80°C liquid water. For the pure epoxy coating, degradation occurs at the coating–substrate interface, which makes the coating vulnerable to adhesion failure. For epoxy–silane coating the addition of silane imparts resistance to the interfacial degradation observed in the neat epoxy coating.
영재통합교육과정 모형 개발을 위한 이론적 탐색 (2008)

통합교육과정은 새로운 지식 창출, 인간의 전인적 발달 도모, 일상생활에서 사용할 수 있는 지식 습득으로 인하여 영재교육에서도 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 영재통합 교육과정 모형 개발을 위해 이론적으로 통합교육과정의 개념을 알아보고, 통합교육과정의 유형을 통합접근 방법, 통합 형태, 통합학습 요소, 학문관련 방식에 따라 나누어 살펴보았다. 그리고...
The Algerian bureaucracy (1982)

Algeria has a form of ‘state capitalism’ and thus the role of the bureaucracy is crucial. The approach here to this question rejects as simplistic the two polar views: on the one hand, the belief that Algeria is undergoing some kind of transition to socialism and though there may be a ‘problem of bureaucracy’, this is treated outside the class structure; on the other, the notion that if there is state capitalism then the bureaucracy is a ruling class, which ignores the fact of social as opposed to private accumulation. Analysing it as a bureaucracy and in its context of the working of the Algerian state, reveals that the relationships between it and a bourgeois class with a seprate existence are mediated through and by other features that affect the ‘rationality’ of the Algerian bureaucracy. Religion plays an important role, but not one that dictates the pattern of politics as in some Islamic or Catholic countries, but as an ideological and legitimating link with the people. The pursuance of personal benefits and traditional obligations through the bureaucratic system limits its effectiveness in pursuing policy goals, however. Patronage in turn feeds into a pattern of factions that rend the bourgeoisie, thus limiting its emergence as a national class, and also the bureaucracy, thus further impairing its efficacy. This situation may now undergo change as the state tries to respond to demands from below for a second stage of industrialisation going beyond the initial accumulation in heavy industry. But consumer goods production could be met by the expansion of either private capital or state capital. The first would require a shift to economic liberalisation. The second strategy implies greater effectiveness of the bureaucracy and its greater political direction. A political struggle over these two lines is discernible but has not lead to a complete polarisation of the party.
Hepatic Surgery and Hepatic Surgical Anatomy: Historical Partners in Progress (1997)

Whether for hepatic trauma or transplantation, a surgeon's knowledge of hepatic anatomy commonly determines a patient's outcome. The first medically relevant anatomic studies of the liver emerged with the endeavors of Herophilus and Erasistratus between 310 and 280 bc. Yet it was not until after the development of anesthesia and antisepsis that the first formal resections were performed during the late 1800s. After vascular occlusion principles had been developed as a means of successful hemorrhage control, several deliberate attempts were made to repair the liver surgically. Such efforts culminated in the work of Wendel in 1910 when he followed avascular planes during hepatectomy. The functional anatomy of surgery and surgical technique had suddenly joined in an effort to advance the practice, and eventually the efficacy of hepatic surgeons in facilitating the modern era of segmental anatomy extended hepatectomies and transplantation surgery.
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Is Dispensable for Maintenance of Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency (2008)

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) methylates histone H3 tails at lysine 27 and is essential for embryonic development. The three core components of PRC2, Eed, Ezh2, and Suz12, are also highly expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells, where they are postulated to repress developmental regulators and thereby prevent differentiation to maintain the pluripotent state. We performed gene expression and chimera analyses on low- and high-passage Eed(null) ES cells to determine whether PRC2 is required for the maintenance of pluripotency. We report here that although developmental regulators are overexpressed in Eed(null) ES cells, both low- and high-passage cells are functionally pluripotent. We hypothesize that they are pluripotent because they maintain expression of critical pluripotency factors. Given that EED is required for stability of EZH2, the catalytic subunit of the complex, these data suggest that PRC2 is not necessary for the maintenance of the pluripotent state in ES cells. We propose a positive-only model of embryonic stem cell maintenance, where positive regulation of pluripotency factors is sufficient to mediate stem cell pluripotency. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Fipronil as a Seed Treatment, 1994 (1995)

Abstract Three rates of fipronil (EXP80415A FS 500) as a seed treatment were compared with carbofuran (Furadan 3G) and an untreated check for control of RWW. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plot size was 9 rows (7 inch row spacing) × 16 ft. Rice was drill-seeded in a Crowley silt loam at 110 lb/acre 6 May and emerged 13 May. Propanil and thiobencarb at 2 lb (AI)/acre each were applied 23 May. Permanent flood was applied on 13 Jun. Nitrogen was applied in a 3- way split of 120 lb/acre on 13 Jun and 30 lb/acre each on 11 and 21 Jul. Furadan 3G was applied broadcast with a hand shaker on 20 Jun. On 4 and 11 Jul five 4 × 4 inch (diam by depth) soil cores were removed from each plot. Soil was washed from plant roots into 40-mesh screens. Screens were immersed in salt water and RWW immatures were recovered and counted. The center 4 rows × 12 feet of plots were harvested on 27 Sep with a small plot combine. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture.
Distribución geográfica de la vegetación de matorral en la zona occidental de Mallorca (1989)

espanolEl objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido conocer la distribucion geografica de la vegetacion de matorral en parte de la zona occidental de Mallorca y su relacion con gradientes del medio fisico. Para ello se efectuo un muestre estratificado, eligiendo como criterio de sectorizacion los substratos litologicos mas importantes. Se han realizado un total de 182 muestras de 10 x 10 m; en cada muestra se registraron, para la vegetacion, datos cualitativos (presencia-ausencia) y datos cuantitativos (% cobertura). Como tecnica de ordenacion de los datos obtenidos se ha utilizado el analisis de correspondencias. Se han discriminado cinco tipos de comunidades de matorral asociadas a gradientes climaticos y edaficos y al tipo de substrato litologico. Estas comunidades se localizan en zonas geograficas amplias o restringidas, con una clara oposicion norte-sur, relacionada con el gradiente climatico (comunidades de Quercus ilex y de Globularia alupum) y el substrato litologico (comunidad de Erica arborea) y un solapamiento en la zona central, asociado al gradiente edafico (comunidades de Asparagus albus y de Genista lucida). EnglishGeographical distribution of schrub vegetation at the Majorcan western area (Balearic Islands, Spain).- The geographical distribution of the schrub vegetation and its relation to the main physical, environmental gradients is studied. The methodological approach consists of an stratified sampling, based on the lithological sectors. 182 samples of 10x10 m on un area of 385 km2 are studied, for shrub plant species presence-absence and % cover. Multivariate correspondance analysis has been applied. The geographical distribution of the main shrub species is shown. Five well defined communities have been discriminate by the correspondance analysis, mainly related to climatic North-South gradients (from the Quercus ilex community in the wettest places to Globularia alypum cornmunity in the dryest ones) and to lithological and edaphic factors (Erica arborea, Asparagus albus and Genista lucUla communities).
Microprobe array with electrical interconnection for thermal imaging and data storage (2002)

In this work, new novel methods for fabricating a thermal probe array with 32 /spl times/ 32 probes on one chip are proposed. It consists of silicon micromachined probe, AlN actuator, pyramidal SiO/sub 2/ tip on which the nano-scale metal-metal junction is formed using a self-alignment technique. The nano-junction can be used as a thermocouple to measure a local temperature on a sample surface or as a nano-heater to make a local deformation on a media. Using the fabricated thermal probe, temperature distribution is measured on a prepared sample surface and the local heating capability of the thermal probe is confirmed. Preliminary experiments for data writing and reading are performed on a phase change medium.