gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of soft breakdown and wear-out in sub-3 nm SiO/sub 2/ films (2002)

A comprehensive time-dependent dielectric breakdown study was conducted on sub-3 nm SiO/sub 2/ films over a temperature range from 22/spl deg/C to 350/spl deg/C. Two breakdown modes were observed in current versus time characteristics and low voltage I-V curves depending on device area and stress voltage. Larger device areas and lower stress voltage produced higher occurrences of soft/noisy breakdown events while smaller device areas and larger stress voltages produced harder/thermal breakdown events. Stress temperature did not affect the breakdown mode. The results indicate that both breakdown modes exhibit the same thermal acceleration if the first occurrence of current noise is used as a breakdown criteria for those devices exhibiting noisy breakdown. The observed strong dependence of the thermal activation energy on gate voltage may explain previous reports of increased temperature acceleration for ultra-thin films.
Asymmetric addition of (E)- and (Z)-crotyl-trans-2,5-dimethylborolanes to aldehydes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAsymmetric addition of (E)- and (Z)-crotyl-trans-2,5-dimethylborolanes to aldehydesJordi Garcia, Byeong Moon Kim, and Satoru MasamuneCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 21, 4831–4832Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00230a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00230a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views844Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An Extended Target CPHD Filter and a Gamma Gaussian Inverse Wishart Implementation (2013)

<?Pub Dtl=""?> This paper presents a cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD) filter for extended targets that can result in multiple measurements at each scan. The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter for such targets has been derived by Mahler, and different implementations have been proposed recently. To achieve better estimation performance this work relaxes the Poisson assumptions of the extended target PHD filter in target and measurement numbers. A gamma Gaussian inverse Wishart mixture implementation, which is capable of estimating the target extents and measurement rates as well as the kinematic state of the target, is proposed, and it is compared to its PHD counterpart in a simulation study. The results clearly show that the CPHD filter has a more robust cardinality estimate leading to smaller OSPA errors, which confirms that the extended target CPHD filter inherits the properties of its point target counterpart.
Chest wall motion during tidal breathing (1997)

We have used an automatic motion analyzer, the ELITE system, to study changes in chest wall configuration during resting breathing in five normal, seated subjects. Two television cameras were used to record the x-y-z displacements of 36 markers positioned circumferentially at the level of the third (S1) and fifth (S2) costal cartilage, corresponding to the lung-apposed rib cage; midway between the xyphoid process and the costal margin (S3), corresponding to the abdomen-apposed rib cage; and at the level of the umbilicus (S4). Recordings of different subsets of markers were made by submitting the subject to five successive rotations of 45-90 degrees. Each recording lasted 30 s, and three-dimensional displacements of markers were analyzed with the Matlab software. At spontaneous end expiration, sections S1-3 were elliptical but S4 was more circular. Tidal changes in chest wall dimensions were consistent among subjects. For S1-2, changes during inspiration occurred primarily in the cranial and ventral directions and averaged 3-5 mm; displacements in the lateral direction were smaller (1-2 mm). On the other hand, changes at the level of S4 occurred almost exclusively in the ventral direction. In addition, both compartments showed a ventral displacement of their dorsal aspect that was not accounted for by flexion of the spine. We conclude that, in normal subjects breathing at rest in the seated posture, displacements of the rib cage during inspiration are in the cranial, lateral outward, and ventral directions but that expansion of the abdomen is confined to the ventral direction.
An effective method to estimate urban link travel time in real-time traffic information system (2009)

Nowadays the Floating Car technology is playing a more and more important role in the dynamic route guidance, congestion management, traffic incidents detection, because it can collect more accurate travel time information in real-time traffic service systems. However the key problem of using it is that the moving direction and driving behaviors of floating car at low speed are dynamic and quite complex, disregarded these influence factors will seriously affect the accuracy of the evaluation of the Average Link Travel Time. In this paper, we proposed an effective Average Link Travel Time evolution method via combining trajectories with a new road network structure. Finally, we carried out our experiments on real data of 15,000 taxies for 13 months in several ways.
Statistical Multiplexing of Upstream Transmissions in DOCSIS Cable Networks (2010)

The appearance of increased-bandwidth applications with quality-of-service (QoS) requirements has brought about the emergence of multi-service access networks. Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) networks are intended to support high quality audio, video, and interactive services over Internet protocol (IP) flows within a Hybrid Fiber/Coax (HFC) network context. In order to support large amount of users and demanded QoS for such applications, a careful management of resources is needed. In this paper we propose a centralized bandwidth allocation scheme for the return path of DOCSIS networks. The proposed scheme takes advantage of the application's traffic characteristics to minimize the bandwidth dedicated to control signals and achieve high bandwidth utilization. At the same time, the proposed approach complies with the QoS requirements of the serviced applications. The performance of our bandwidth allocation approach was evaluated using computer simulation. The performance metrics used are the average packet delay, data throughput, and number of users supported. Results are obtained for networks with a single service as well as for a mixed service scenario. As shown by the results, our approach achieves high bandwidth utilization, and still complies with the delay constraints imposed by the user applications. It increases the system capacity as compared to reference approaches.
On discontinuous Galerkin methods (2003)

Abstract Discontinuous Galerkin methods have received considerable attention in recent years for problems in which advection and diffusion terms are present. Several alternatives for treating the diffusion and advective fluxes have been introduced. This report summarizes some of the methods that have been proposed. Several numerical examples are included in the paper. These present discontinuous Galerkin solutions of one‐dimensional problems with a scalar variable. Results are presented for diffusion–reaction problems and advection–diffusion problems. We discuss the performance of various formulations with respect to accuracy as well as stability of the method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence maximization in social networks with user attitude modification (2014)

The aim of influence maximization problem is to find a k-size seed set that has the maximum influence. In previous works the modification of user's attitude is seldom paid attention to. However from the psychology research, we know that people's opinions are affected by their friends. Base on this, we present a new Linear Threshold model with Instant Opinions (LT-IO). We devise an attitude function A <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> that describes node u's attitude at time t, and the broadcast attitude which is the attitude when a node becomes active. To simulate information propagation in real world, we define a trust threshold η to justify whether a node follows or opposes the influence from its neighbor. We propose a heuristic algorithm IMLT-IOA to solve our problem, prove its submodularity and monotonicity and then obtain its approximation ratio which is (1 - 1/e). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that focuses on the influence maximization with user's attitude modification. To verify our IMLT-IOA algorithm, we conduct extensive experiments on a large data collection obtained from real social networks, the results show that IMLT-IOA reduces the running time and meanwhile keeps effectiveness comparing to other algorithms.
Chemical Kinetic Study of the Effect of a Biofuel Additive on Jet-A1 Combustion (2007)

The kinetics of oxidation of kerosene Jet A-1 and a kerosene/rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) mixture (80/20, mol/mol) (biokerosene) was studied experimentally in a jet-stirred reactor at 10 atm and constant residence time, over the temperature range 740-1200 K, and for variable equivalence ratios (0.5-1.5). Concentration profiles of the reactants, stable intermediates, and final products were obtained by probe sampling followed by on-line and off-line gas chromatography analyses. The oxidation of these fuels in these conditions was modeled using a detailed kinetic reaction mechanism consisting of 2027 reversible reactions and 263 species. The surrogate biokerosene model fuel used here consisted of a mixture of n-hexadecane, n-propylcyclohexane, n-propylbenzene, and n-decane, where the long-chain methyl ester fraction was simply represented by n-hexadecane. The proposed kinetic reaction mechanism used in the modeling yielded a good representation of the kinetics of oxidation of kerosene and biokerosene under jet-stirred reactor conditions and of kerosene in a premixed flame. The data and the model showed the biokerosene (Jet A-1/RME mixture) has a slightly higher reactivity than Jet A-1, whereas no major modification of the product distribution was observed besides the formation of small unsaturated methyl esters produced from RME's oxidation. The model predicts no difference in the ignition delays of kerosene and biokerosene. Using the proposed kinetic scheme, the formation of potential soot precursors was studied with particular attention.
Continuous-phase elements can improve laser beam quality (2000)

Siegman [Opt. Lett. 18, 675 (1993)] showed that binary-phase plates cannot improve laser beam quality. We demonstrate that continuous spiral phase elements can improve the quality of beams that originate from a laser operating with a pure high-order transverse mode. A theoretical analysis is presented, along with experimental results obtained with a CO(2) laser. The results reveal that a nearly optimal Gaussian output beam can be obtained with only a small decrease in the output power.
Stabilities and conformations of Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide oligomers (Aβ <sub>16</sub> <sub>–</sub> <sub>22</sub> , Aβ <sub>16–35</sub> , and Aβ <sub>10</sub> <sub>–</sub> <sub>35</sub> ): Sequence effects (2002)

Previously, we have studied the minimal oligomer size of an aggregate amyloid seed and the mechanism of seed growth with a multilayer beta-sheet model. Under high temperature simulation conditions, our approach can test the stability of possible amyloid forms. Here, we report our study of oligomers of Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) fragments 16-22, 16-35, and 10-35 (abbreviated Abeta(16-22), Abeta(16-35), and Abeta(10-35), respectively). Our simulations indicate that an antiparallel beta-sheet orientation is the most stable for the Abeta(16-22), in agreement with a solid state NMR-based model [Balbach, J. J., Ishii, Y., Antzutkin, O. N., Leapman, R. D., Rizzo, N. W., et al. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 13748-13759]. A model with twenty-four Abeta(16-22) strands indicates a highly twisted fibril. Whereas the short Abeta(16-22) and Abeta(24-36) may exist in fully extended form, the linear parallel beta-sheets for Abeta(16-35) appear impossible, mainly because of the polar region in the middle of the 16-35 sequence. However, a bent double-layered hairpin-like structure (called hook) with the polar region at the turn forms parallel beta-sheets with higher stability. An intra-strand salt-bridge (D23-K28) stabilizes the bent hairpin-like hook structure. The bent double-beta-sheet model for the Abeta(10-35) similarly offers oligomer stability.
Capsaicin 8% Patch Repeat Treatment in Nondiabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain (2016)

Generally, capsaicin 8% patch repeat treatment over 52 weeks was well tolerated, with variable alteration in sensory function and minimal chance of complete sensory loss.
Design and Testing of a Variable Stiffness Transverse Plane Adaptor for Use in a Lower Limb Prosthesis (2014)

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2014
Purely optical networks for terabit communication (1989)

Emerging applications require a substantially higher bandwidth than the one offered by current networks. The authors propose a novel architectural approach that meets the high bandwidth requirements by introducing a communication architecture based on lightpaths, which are purely optical transmission paths in the network. Since lightpaths form the building block of the proposed architecture, its performance hinges on their efficient establishment and management. The authors shown that although the problem of optimally establishing lightpaths is NP-complete, distributed heuristics provide near-optimal solutions for several of the basic problems presented by the lightpath architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Glycobiology and Drug Design (2012)

In order to design a target-specific drug, the designer should know – in an ideal situation – both the target and the structure of the drug candidate, or at least the most important structural elements of the latter, specific for the target. That is when biology and chemistry meet each other. In this particular case it is glycobiology and carbohydrate chemistry. Both of them acting in concert provide a guidance mechanism for sick cells, enabling drugs to arrive there with precision and act properly, that is effectively and without (or with minimum) of side effects. Conversely, carbohydrates can be employed by sick cells to defend themselves against drugs. Furthermore, some sick cells (such as cancer cells) can even use carbohydrate-dependent biological molecules as a weapon, for instance, to disable the immune system and stay “transparent” for the defense system of the body. All these cases are considered as examples in this book. This introductory chapter presents a brief overview of the FDA-approved prescription drugs which contain carbohydrate moieties as part of their structures (typically, removal of the sugar eliminates the therapeutic value of the drug), Besides, this chapter introduces the following aspects of glycobiology and drug design covered, or, sometimes, touched upon in this book, such as galectin-targeted drug design, carbohydrate-assisted chemotherapy of cancer, carbohydrate-based HIV-vaccines, polysaccharide and infections, aminosugars, and computational studies of carbohydrates in the glycosylation reactions.
Physical layer impairments in DVB-S2 receivers (2005)

Digital video broadcasting via satellite is being widely deployed worldwide. The first generation European standard (DVB-S) is a QPSK based system that supports up to 40 Msymb/s transmission rates. The second generation DVB-S2 specification recently finalized incorporates higher order modulations from 8PSK to 32 APSK. Physical layer impairments on the transmit-receive link include those introduced by the channel, such as reflections and interference, as well as those induced by various components in the system, such as tuner I/Q imbalance or amplifier non-linearity. These impairments degrade the received SNR and may in some cases affect the convergence behavior of various loops in the receiver. The paper provides a qualitative and quantitative description of the system and channel impairments and their effects on the received cluster SNR.
Relationships among glycolytic potential, dark cutting (dark, firm, and dry) beef, and cooked beef palatability1 (2002)

One hundred beef carcasses were selected at three packing plants and were used to determine the relationship between glycolytic potential (GP) and dark, firm, and dry (DFD) beef and to determine the effects of DFD status and GP on cooked beef palatability. Eight individual muscles were excised from one hindquarter of each carcass at d 7 postmortem: longissimus lumborum, psoas major, gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus. Ultimate pH, colorimeter readings, and Warner-Bratzler shear force were determined for all eight muscles at d 7 postmortem. A nine-member trained sensory panel evaluated cooked longissimus lumborum, gluteus medius, and semimembranosus steaks. Traits determined solely for the longissimus lumborum were GP (2 x [glycogen + glucose + glucose-6-phosphate] + lactate) and ether-extractable fat. A curvilinear relationship existed between GP and ultimate pH within the longissimus muscle. There appeared to be a GP threshold at approximately 100 micromol/g, below which lower GP was associated with higher ultimate pH and above which GP had no effect on ultimate pH. The greatest pH and muscle color differences between normal and DFD carcasses were observed in the longissimus lumborum, gluteus medius, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles. Cooked longissimus from DFD carcasses had higher shear force values (46% greater) and more shear force variation (2.3 times greater variation) than those from normal carcasses. Dark cutting carcasses also had higher shear force values for gluteus medius (33% greater) and semimembranosus (36% greater) than normal carcasses. Sensory panel tenderness of longissimus, gluteus medius, and semimembranosus was lower for DFD carcasses than for normal carcasses. Longissimus and gluteus medius flavor desirability scores were lower for DFD than for normal carcasses. Steaks from DFD carcasses had more off-flavor comments than steaks from normal carcasses, specifically more "peanutty," "sour," and "bitter" flavors. The DFD effect of higher shear force values was approximately five times greater (+3.11 kg vs +0.63 kg) for carcasses with "slight" marbling scores than for carcasses with "small" marbling scores. In general, higher GP was associated with increased tenderness, even among normal carcasses. In conclusion, low GP was associated with DFD beef and resulted in substantially less-palatable cooked steaks.
Induction of tolerance in influenza virus-immune T lymphocyte clones with synthetic peptides of influenza hemagglutinin. (1983)

Antigen-specific human T cell clones specific for defined peptides of influenza A hemagglutinin were found to be rendered unresponsive by incubation with moderately high concentrations of antigen. This was the case whether the synthetic peptide antigen was present for the duration of the culture or the cloned T cells were preincubated with antigen for 3-18 h at 37 degrees C, before stimulation with T-depleted irradiated sheep erythrocyte non-rosette-forming lymphocytes (E-) pulsed with the optimal dose of peptide. Tolerance could not be overcome by culture with various numbers of E- cells and antigen. The induction of unresponsiveness was antigen specific, since it depended upon incubation with the appropriate peptide recognized by that clone. In addition, the tolerant T cells remained unresponsive to stimulation with the specific peptide for at least 7 d after induction even though maintained in culture in the presence of T cell growth factor. This state of antigen-specific unresponsiveness is akin to immunological tolerance. Furthermore, the experiments reported here demonstrate that the helper T cell clone can be inhibited by the relevant peptide in the absence of any suppressor cells or their precursors. This suggests that antigen-induced unresponsiveness need not always depend on the presence of suppressor T cells. The induction of tolerance in T cell clones does not result in early T cell death, since cells that no longer proliferate in response to the specific antigen and accessory cells still proliferate in response to T cell growth factor.
A Problem of Dimensionality: A Simple Example (1979)

In pattern recognition problems it has been noted that beyond a certain point the inclusion of additional parameters (that have been estimated) leads to higher probabilities of error. A simple problem has been formulated where the probability of error approaches zero as the dimensionality increases and all the parameters are known; on the other hand, the probability of error approaches one-half as the dimensionality increases and parameters are estimated.
The Young Solicitor and the Sergeant of Police (1979)

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Effects of Chronic Spinal Cord Injury and Pressure Ulcer on 25(OH)-Vitamin D Levels (1993)

We studied 92 spinal cord injured (SCI) men (50 paraplegics and 42 quadriplegics) with normal renal function, 38 of whom had single or multiple pressure ulcers. The results were compared with those of 28 able-bodied normal controls. Serum concentrations of calcium and magnesium were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, and 25(OH)-vitamin D was quantitated by a specific competitive binding assay using a sensitive vitamin D binding protein and tritiated 25(OH)-vitamin D. The SCI group exhibited significant reductions in serum 25(OH)-vitamin D and total calcium concentrations as compared to the normal control group. Although the mean serum concentration of 25(OH)-vitamin D in the quadriplegic patients as a whole was lower than that found in the entire paraplegic group, the difference did not attain statistical significance. Similar observations were made when the ulcer-free subgroups of paraplegics and quadriplegics were compared. The SCI subgroup which was least physically active, i.e., those with pressure ulcers, showed the greatest depression of serum 25(OH)-vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium concentrations. The observed reduction in serum 25(OH)-vitamin D in SCI patients appears to be partly related to reduced cutaneous vitamin D biosynthesis from sunlight deprivation occasioned by physical disability and hospitalization. In addition, nutritional deficiency and altered intestinal transport may be involved. The reduction in serum calcium concentration may be related to abnormal vitamin D metabolism and hypoalbuminemia (reduced protein-bound calcium).