gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transparent and conductive thin films of ZnO for photovoltaic applications prepared by RF magnetron sputtering (1988)

High-quality zinc oxide (ZnO) films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering from a zinc oxide target. The material obtained had a low resistivity (8*10/sup -4/ Omega -cm) and an average transmission higher than 90% over the 400-800-nm range. It was found that the properties of ZnO prepared by RF magnetron sputtering are strongly dependent on deposition conditions; in particular the conductivity is markedly dependent on the substrate-to-target distance. It is speculated that the growing surface of the film is subject to resputtering due to the bombardment of energetic neutral O atoms. The target-to-substrate separation is then probably on the order of the mean free path of the O atoms, so that the flux of O atoms to the growing surface can be optimized by changing the distance to the target. The degree of resputtering influences the degree of nonstoichiometry of the material and thus its conductive properties. The polycrystalline films appear to have a textured surface and an ability to withstand plasma conditions, both very attractive properties for use in amorphous silicon solar cell structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New π-conjugated polymers containing tetrathiafulvalene as the monomeric unit (1997)

Four kinds of poly(arylene)- and poly(aryleneethynylene)-type polymers containing TTF units in the π-conjugated main chain, which are susceptible to chemical and electrochemical oxidation, have been prepared by organometallic polycondensation.
The porcine LH/hCG receptor. Characterization and purification. (1985)

Porcine luteal LH/hCG receptor (LH/hCG R) was solubilized with 70-80% recovery from the crude plasma membrane fraction by Triton X-100 in the presence of 25% glycerol and protease inhibitors. The solubilized receptor maintained 90% of original activity at -60 degrees C for 90 days. Equilibrium association constant (Ka) values of 1.92, 2.22, and 2.03 X 10(10) M-1 were observed for the whole homogenate, plasma membrane fraction, and solubilized LH/hCG R preparations, respectively. The specific binding capacity for the same fractions were 49, 70, 55 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Complexes of LH/hCG R and Triton X-100 were resolved into two components with approximate Mr = 2.7 X 10(5) and 5.4 X 10(5) by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B and two glycoprotein components by chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. Solubilized porcine LH/hCG R was purified by two cycles of affinity chromatography on highly purified hCG-Sepharose with an overall recovery of 30-35% of the initial activity in the Triton extract. Purified porcine LH/hCG R had a specific binding capacity of 2300 pmol/mg protein and a Ka = 1.5 X 10(10) M-1. Silver staining of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels demonstrated that the major protein in porcine LH/hCG R preparations has Mr = 68,000. A weakly staining band at Mr = 45,000 was also observed in the purified receptor preparation. Analysis of iodinated purified LH/hCG R by autoradiography has confirmed these results. Porcine LH/hCG R was purified 40,000-fold by this method.
[Crystalline silica can induce oxidative stress by inhibiting glyoxalase system in bronchial epithelial cells]. (2008)

The results suggest a possible use of MG and mRNA expression of GI and GII as crystalline silica induced oxidative stress indicators.
Synthesis of new hydride-carbyne and hydride-vinylcarbyne complexes of osmium(II) by reaction of OsH2Cl2(P-iso-Pr3)2 with terminal alkynes (1993)

The dihydride-dichloro complex OsH2Cl2(P-/-Pr3)2 (1) reacts with phenylacetylene, cyclohexylacetylene, and 1-(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-pentadiyne, in hexane at 60 °C, to give the hydride-carbyne complexes OsHCl2(CCH2R)-(P-f'-Pr3)2 (R = Ph (2), Cy (3), CH2C=CSiMe3 (4)). The molecular structure of complex 2 was determined by X-ray\ncrystallography. Crystals of 2 are orthorhombic, space group P2i2i2i, with unit cell dimensions a = 8.7490(3) Á, b = 15.4051(5) Á, and c = 22.4257(8) Á. The structure was solved and refined using 4615 unique, observed (F > 5.0ff(F)) reflections; R = 0.022 and J?w = 0.023. The geometry around the osmium can be described as a distorted\noctahedron with the two triisopropylphosphine ligands occupying the apical positions. The equatorial plane is formed by the carbyne and the hydride ligands mutually cis disposed and two chlorine atoms. The reaction of 1 with trimethylsilylacetylene leads to OsHCl2(CCH3)(P-<-Pr3)2 (5), suggesting that the key intermediates of these processes\nare dihydrogenvinylidene species of osmium(II). The hydride-vinylcarbynecomplexes OsHC12(CCH=CH(CH3)CH2-CH3)(P-i-Pr3)2 (8), OsHCl2(CCH=CCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2)(P-;-Pr3)2 (9), and OsHCl2(CCH=C(CH3)2)(P-¡'-Pr3)2(11) were prepared by reaction of 1 with 3-methyl-1 -pentyn-3-ol, 1\n-ethynyl-1 -cyclohexanol, and 2-methyl-1-buten3-yne, respectively. Complexes 8 and 9 were formed via the hydroxycarbyne intermediates OsHC12-(CCH2C(OH)(CH3)CH2CH3)(P-i-Pr3)2 (6) and OsHCl2(CCH2C(OH)CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2)(P-i-Pr3)2 (7). The synthesis of the hydroxycarbyne OsHCl2(CCH2C(OH)Ph2)(P-¡'-Pr3)2 (10) is also reported.
A new <i>in vitro</i> model of the glial scar inhibits axon growth (2008)

Astrocytes respond to central nervous system (CNS) injury with reactive astrogliosis and participate in the formation of the glial scar, an inhibitory barrier for axonal regeneration. Little is known about the injury-induced mechanisms underlying astrocyte reactivity and subsequent development of an axon-inhibitory scar. We combined two key aspects of CNS injury, mechanical trauma and co-culture with meningeal cells, to produce an in vitro model of the scar from cultures of highly differentiated astrocytes. Our model displayed widespread morphological signs of astrocyte reactivity, increases in expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and accumulation of GFAP in astrocytic processes. Expression levels of scar-associated markers, phosphacan, neurocan, and tenascins, were also increased. Importantly, neurite growth from various CNS neuronal populations was significantly reduced when neurons were seeded on the scar-like cultures, compared with growth on cultures of mature astrocytes. Quantification of neurite growth parameters on the scar model demonstrated significant reductions in neuronal adhesion and neurite lengths. Interestingly, neurite outgrowth of postnatal neurons was reduced to a greater extent than that of embryonic neurons, and outgrowth inhibition varied among neuronal populations. Scar-like reactive sites and neurite-inhibitory patches were found throughout these cultures, creating a patchwork of growth-inhibitory areas mimicking a CNS injury site. Thus, our model showed relevant aspects of scar formation and produced widespread inhibition of axonal regeneration; it should be useful both for examining mechanisms underlying scar formation and to assess various treatments for their potential to improve regeneration after CNS injury. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Enantioselective α‐Alkylation of Aldehydes by Photoredox Organocatalysis: Rapid Access to Pharmacophore Fragments from β‐Cyanoaldehydes (2015)

The combination of photoredox catalysis and enamine catalysis has enabled the development of an enantioselective α-cyanoalkylation of aldehydes. This synergistic catalysis protocol allows for the coupling of two highly versatile yet orthogonal functionalities, allowing rapid diversification of the oxonitrile products to a wide array of medicinally relevant derivatives and heterocycles. This methodology has also been applied to the total synthesis of the lignan natural product (-)-bursehernin.
Achieving the 2004 Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions Using Electronic EGR and a Cerium Based Fuel Borne Catalyst (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The post-1998 diesel engine emissions challenge was put forth in July 1995 by the Statement of Principles (SOP) signed by the manufacturers of heavy duty engines, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB). Through this SOP, the signatories agreed to reduce the on-highway diesel engine NOx emissions by 50% from the legislated 1998 4.0 g/bhp.hr to 2.0 g/bhp.hr by the year 2004 with no increase over the 1998 particulate matter legislated level set at 0.1 g/bhp.hr. There are provisions in the SOP for the optional grouping of the gaseous hydrocarbons and NOx, limiting them at a combined value of 2.5 g/bhp.hr with a 0.5 g/bhp.hr hydrocarbon limit.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In North America, particulate matter emissions standards were first imposed on heavy duty diesel engines in 1988. Since then, the NOx and particulate matter were balanced by taking advantage of the trade-off between the two pollutants inherent in diesel engines. As emission standards have become more stringent, controlling the trade-off between NOx and particulate matter has become the major challenge in meeting emissions legislation. This paper presents the results of a cooperative development program between Navistar and Rhône-Poulenc whose goal was to achieve the proposed 2004 emissions standards. The strategy was designed to couple Navistar's electronic EGR for NOx control with Rhône-Poulenc's EOLYST<sup>Tm</sup> particulate matter control technology. The work reported in this paper was carried out on a heavy-duty 7.3 liter Navistar engine. The combination of the two technologies enabled the engine to simultaneously lower NOx and particulate matter to levels which meet those proposed by the 2004 SOP. NOx was controlled to 2.0 g/bhp.hr and particulate matter was lowered to 0.01 g/bhp.hr well below the 0.1 g/bhp.hr of the SOP.</div>
Real-Time Drilling Operation Activity Analysis Data Modelling with Multidimensional Approach and Column-Oriented Storage (2019)

Abstract Real-time data stream in the format of WITSML which can have frequency as low as 1 Hz is one of the best candidate to produce KPIs for the drilling operation activity. The KPIs generated from this calculation will have a relationship with other information from other data sources, known as metadata. The question is how can this KPI information be utilized for further analysis, wider/more complex analysis process which needs to be combined with metadata? An OLTP model is not the recommended model for data analytics but OLAP is. Another question is how will this data be stored in terms of the physical storage? We argue to use column-oriented for the physical storage which can perform analytical queries 10x to 30x faster than the row-oriented storage. The implementation of an OLAP model for storing KPIs data is proven to improve the performance of the analytical query significantly and combined with the implementation of column-oriented in the OLAP model improves more performance. This concludes that the implementation of OLAP with column-oriented data model can be used as the solid foundation for storing KPI data.
Constraint Satisfaction Problems: Algorithms and Applications (1998)

A constraint satisfaction problem requires a value, selected from a given finite domain, to be assigned to each variable in the problem, so that all constraints relating the variables are satisfied. Many combinatorial problems in operational research, such as scheduling and timetabling, can be formulated as constraint satisfaction problems. Researchers in artificial intelligence usually adopt a constraint satisfaction approach as their preferered method when tackling such problems. However constraint satisfaction approaches are not widely known amongst operational researchers. The aim of this paper is to introduce constraint satisfaction to the operational researchers.
Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (2012)

The Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining’s mission is to serve as a leading center of mine-action excellence, and to help States Parties implement the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on Their Destruction (also known as the Anti-personnel Mine Ban Convention or APMBC), the Convention on Cluster Munitions and other relevant instruments of humanitarian law. GICHD bridges the gaps between research, lessons learned and practice. It promotes evidence-based policies and develops standards, making mine action faster, cheaper, safer, more effective, sustainable and inclusive.
CD-Tagging: A New Approach to Gene and Protein Discovery and Analysis (1996)

We describe a new method for gene discovery and analysis, CD-tagging, that puts specific molecular tags on a gene, its transcript and its protein product. The method has been successfully tested in two organisms, the haploid unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the metazoan Drosophila melanogaster. The method utilizes a specially designed DNA molecule, the CD-cassette, that contains splice acceptor and donor sites surrounding a short open reading frame. Insertion of the CD-cassette into an intron in a target gene introduces a new exon, represented by the open reading frame of the CD-cassette, surrounded by two functional hybrid introns. As a result (i) the gene is tagged by a specific nucleotide sequence, (ii) the mRNA is tagged by a specific nucleotide sequence and (iii) the protein is tagged by a specific peptide sequence. Because these tags are unique, specific nucleotide or antibody probes can be used to obtain and/or analyze the gene, transcript or protein. As a gene discovery technology, CD-tagging has two unique advantages: 1) Genes can be identified through a primary screen at the protein level, and so the very process by which a gene is identified provides specific empirical information about its biological function. 2) The cassette arms, which are spliced out of the transcript of the target gene, are available to carry a wide variety of DNA sequences, such as genes encoding drug resistance that can be used to select for the presence of the CD-cassette in the genome.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate (PIP2) Modulation of ATP and pH Sensitivity in Kir Channels (2003)

Phosphatidylinositol polyphosphates (PIPs) are potent modulators of Kir channels. Previous studies have implicated basic residues in the C terminus of Kir6.2 channels as interaction sites for the PIPs. Here we examined the role of the N terminus and identified an arginine (Arg-54) as a major determinant for PIP(2) modulation of ATP sensitivity in K(ATP) channels. Mutation of Arg-54 to the neutral glutamine (R54Q) and, in particular, to the negatively charged glutamate (R54E) impaired PIP(2) modulation of ATP inhibition, while mutation to lysine (R54K) had no effect. These data suggest that electrostatic interactions between PIP(2) and Arg-54 are an essential step for the modulation of ATP sensitivity. This N-terminal PIP(2) site is highly conserved in Kir channels with the exception of the pH-gated channels Kir1.1, Kir4.1, and Kir5.1 that contain a neutral residue at the corresponding positions. Introduction of an arginine at this position in Kir1.1 channels rendered the N-terminal PIP(2) site functional largely increasing the PIP(2) affinity. Moreover, Kir1.1 channels lose the ability to respond to physiological changes of the intracellular pH. These results explain the need of a silent N-terminal PIP(2) site in pH-gated channels and highlight the N terminus as an important region for PIP(2) modulation of Kir channel gating.
Regional Differences in Viral Growth and Central Nervous System Injury Correlate with Apoptosis (2004)

Infection of neonatal mice with reovirus T3 Dearing (T3D), the prototypic neurotropic reovirus, causes fatal encephalitis associated with neuronal injury and virus-induced apoptosis throughout the brain. T3D variant K (VarK) is an antigenic variant that has a nearly 1 million-fold reduction in neurovirulence following intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation compared to T3D and a restricted pattern of central nervous system injury with damage limited to the hippocampus, sparing other brain regions. We wished to determine whether the restricted pattern of VarK-induced injury was due to a reduced capacity to replicate in or injure cortical, as opposed to hippocampal, tissue. We found that following i.c. inoculation, VarK grew to similar titers as T3D in the hippocampus but had significantly lower titers in the cortex. Both viruses grew to identical titers and infected the same percentage of cells in mouse primary hippocampal cultures (MHC). In mouse primary cortical cultures (MCC) both the number of infected cells and the viral yield per infected cell were significantly lower for VarK than T3D. VarK-induced apoptosis was limited to the hippocampus in vivo, and in vitro both viruses induced apoptosis equally in MHC but VarK induced significantly less apoptosis than T3D in MCC. Growth of T3D in MCC was reduced to levels comparable to those of VarK following treatment of MCC with caspase inhibitors. Conversely, induction of apoptosis in VarK-infected MCC with fatty acid synthase-activating antibody significantly enhanced viral yield. These results suggest that the decreased neurovirulence of VarK may be due to its failure to efficiently induce apoptosis in cortical neurons.
Comparison of quantitative and qualitative methods of detecting hydrogen peroxide produced by human vaginal strains of lactobacilli (1990)

A quantitative method was developed for the measurement of micromolar quantities of H2O2 produced in Rogosa broth and peptonized milk broth by vaginal strains of lactobacilli isolated from women. The production of substantial amounts reproducibly was dependent on the growth of the organisms in acid media (pH less than or equal to 6.0) under anaerobic or micro-aerophilic conditions with continuous agitation. The addition to the media of the enzyme inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, with or without catalase sometimes induced the production of H2O2 especially in non-agitated cultures. However, other agents such as concanavalin and o-dianisidine had no enhancing effect, and catalase or peroxidase alone completely inhibited H2O2 production. The H2O2 produced in the acid media was stable for more than a month at 5 degrees C but not in media at pH greater than or equal to 7.0. Of five strains of lactobacilli tested by the quantitative method and by a chromogenic qualitative method (Rogosa-catalase or -per-oxidase agar), three consistently produced H2O2 measurable by the former method, but none did so after growth of the organisms on Rogosa-catalase/peroxidase agar which suggested that the qualitative method was unreliable. The fact that H2O2 was produced in substantial quantities by some strains and not at all by others enabled H2O2-producers and non-producers to be distinguished easily.
Floating cells with stem cell properties in gastric cell line SGC-7901. (2011)

We successfully propagated floating spheres with stem cell properties in the SGC-7901 gastric cell line.
Correlation between micrometer-scale ripple alignment and atomic-scale crystallographic orientation of monolayer graphene (2014)

Deformation normal to the surface is intrinsic in two-dimensional materials due to phononic thermal fluctuations at finite temperatures. Graphene's negative thermal expansion coefficient is generally explained by such an intrinsic property. Recently, friction measurements on graphene exfoliated on a silicon oxide surface revealed an anomalous anisotropy whose origin was believed to be the formation of ripple domains. Here, we uncover the atomistic origin of the observed friction domains using a cantilever torsion microscopy in conjunction with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We experimentally demonstrate that ripples on graphene are formed along the zigzag direction of the hexagonal lattice. The formation of zigzag directional ripple is consistent with our theoretical model that takes account of the atomic-scale bending stiffness of carbon-carbon bonds and the interaction of graphene with the substrate. The correlation between micrometer-scale ripple alignment and atomic-scale arrangement of exfoliated monolayer graphene is first discovered and suggests a practical tool for measuring lattice orientation of graphene.
The IAA1 protein is encoded by <i>AXR5</i> and is a substrate of SCF<sup>TIR1</sup> (2004)

Recent studies of auxin response have focused on the functions of three sets of proteins: the auxin (Aux) response factors (ARFs), the Aux/IAAs, and the F-box protein TIR1. The ARF proteins bind DNA and directly activate or repress transcription of target genes while the Aux/IAA proteins repress ARF function. TIR1 is part of a ubiquitin protein ligase required for degradation of Aux/IAA proteins. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a novel mutant of Arabidopsis called axr5-1. Mutant plants are resistant to auxin and display a variety of auxin-related growth defects including defects in root and shoot tropisms. Further, the axr5-1 mutation results in a decrease in auxin-regulated transcription. The molecular cloning of AXR5 revealed that the gene encodes the IAA1 protein, a member of the Aux/IAA family of proteins. AXR5 is expressed throughout plant development consistent with the pleiotropic mutant phenotype. The axr5-1 mutation results in an amino acid substitution in conserved domain II of the protein, similar to gain-of-function mutations recovered in other members of this gene family. Biochemical studies show that IAA1/AXR5 interacts with TIR1 in an auxin-dependent manner. The mutation prevents this interaction suggesting that the mutant phenotype is caused by the accumulation of IAA1/AXR5. Our results provide further support for a model in which most members of the Aux/IAA family are targeted for degradation by SCFTIR1 in response to auxin.
Hypothyroidism attenuates protein tyrosine nitration, oxidative stress and renal damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion: effect unrelated to antioxidant enzymes activities (2005)

Hypothyroidism was able to prevent not only oxidative but also nitrosative stress induced by IR. In addition, the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase seem not to play a protective role in this experimental model.
L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS) activities in SESAR2020 (2018)

Air traffic management communication shall transition from analog VHF voice communication to more spectrum efficient digital data communication. In Europe this transition shall be realized, among others, by the development and implementation of the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS). The objective of this paper is to provide a status report on the current progress of LDACS research and development within SESAR2020. In particular, we present the objectives of SESAR2020 project “PJ.14-02-01 FCI Terrestrial Data Link”, the proposed LDACS high-level architecture, the planned technical validation exercises, and the status of the ongoing LDACS standardization activities: The objective of the SESAR2020 project is to develop fully functional LDACS prototypes and to use them for validation of the air interface requirements and the support of the ATN IPS infrastructure. The LDACS architecture has been defined as a complete set of network functions needed to provide radio access to an LDACS subscriber i.e. an aircraft. LDACS standardization is currently under way in ICAO and is planned to start in EUROCAE later this year.
Ultrasonicated Condensation of Indene and 2-Nitrofluorene with Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by<i>bis</i>-(<i>p</i>Methoxyphenyl)telluroxide (BMPTO) (1997)

Abstract The condensation of indene or 2-nitrofluorene with aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by bis-(p-methoxyphenyl)telluroxide (BMPTO) under ultrasonic wave irradiation gave corresponding fulvenes in fair to good yield.