gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Diarrhea‐Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trials (2016)

Objective. To explore the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine in treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS). Methods. Four English and four Chinese databases were searched through November, 2015. Randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trials were selected. Data extraction and quality evaluation were performed by two authors independently. RevMan 5.2.0 software was applied to analyze the data of included trials. Results. A total of 14 trials involving 1551 patients were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated superior global symptom improvement (RR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.31, 2.00; P < 0.00001; number needed to treat = 3.6), abdominal pain improvement (RR = 1.95; 95% CI 1.61, 2.35; P < 0.00001), diarrhea improvement (RR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.60, 2.20; P < 0.00001), pain threshold assessment (MD = 54.53; 95% CI 38.76, 70.30; P < 0.00001), and lower IBS Symptom Severity Score (SMD = -1.01; 95% CI -1.72, -0.30; P = 0.005), when compared with placebo, while for defecation threshold assessment, quality of life, and adverse events, no differences were found between treatment groups and controlled groups. Conclusion. This meta-analysis shows that Chinese herbal medicine is an effective and safe treatment for D-IBS. However, due to the small sample size and high heterogeneity, further studies are required.
Tailoring diesel bioblendstock from integrated catalytic upgrading of carboxylic acids: a “fuel property first” approach (2019)

Applying a rational design approach to produce a high-quality, low-sooting hydrocarbon diesel blendstock from lignocellulosic biomass-derived short-chain carboxylic acids.
Polymer microring resonators fabricated by nanoimprint technique (2002)

Microring optical resonators have important applications in integrated photonic circuits for optical communications. We have developed two methods to fabricate polymer microring devices based on the nanoimprint technique. The first method uses a hard mold to directly imprint a polymer film to form optical waveguides in microring devices. We have demonstrated polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, and polycarbonate microring resonators fabricated using this technique. The second method employs a template filling approach, which allows a thicker waveguide to be fabricated, as well as polymers that are difficult to directly imprint. Optical filtering behavior of a microring resonator is demonstrated with a Q factor as high as 5800. The technique developed in this work could offer a cost-effective method to fabricate integrated photonic circuits based on polymer microring resonators.
Analytic model for orbital debris environmental management (1992)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Diaminocarbene‐ and Fischer‐Carbene Complexes of Palladium and Nickel by Oxidative Insertion: Preparation, Structure, and Catalytic Activity (2005)

Oxidative insertion of [Pd(PPh3)4] or [Ni(cod)2]/PPh3 into the C-Cl bond of various 2-chloroimidazolinium- and other -amidinium salts affords metal-diaminocarbene complexes in good to excellent yields. This procedure is complementary to existing methodology in which the central metal does not change its oxidation state, and therefore allows to incorporate carbene fragments that are difficult to access otherwise. The preparation of a variety of achiral as well as enantiomerically pure, chiral metal-NHC complexes (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) and metal complexes with acyclic diaminocarbene ligands illustrates this aspect. Furthermore it is shown that oxidative insertion also paves a way to prototype Fischer carbenes of Pd(II). Since the required starting materials are readily available from urea- or thiourea derivatives, this novel approach allows for substantial structural variations of the ligand backbone. The catalytic performance of the resulting library of nickel- and palladium-carbene complexes has been evaluated by applications to prototype Suzuki-, Heck-, and Kumada-Corriu cross-coupling reactions as well as Buchwald-Hartwig aminations. It was found that even Fischer carbenes show appreciable catalytic activity. Moreover, representative examples of all types of neutral and cationic metal-carbene complexes formed in this study have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Bis(2-quinolylcarbonyl)hydrazine (2009)

The title compound, C(20)H(14)N(4)O(2), crystallizes in the ortho-rhom-bic system with a crystallographic twofold axis through the N-N bond. The mol-ecule is non-planar and the dihedral angle between two amide groups is 74.9 (2)°. An intra-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bond is present. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are packed in chains running along the c axis through inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These chains are further stabilized by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions leading to the formation of a three-dimensional network.
Short report: therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine combined with primaquine against Plasmodium falciparum in northeastern Papua, Indonesia. (2002)

Chloroquine combined with primaquine was evaluated for therapy of uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in nonimmune Javanese migrants to northeastern Papua, Indonesia. Subjects were randomized to treatment with standard chloroquine therapy (25 mg/kg in 3 doses over the course of 48 hours) with 30 mg primaquine administered daily for 28 days (n = 25) or a placebo of primaquine (n = 28). The 14-day cumulative incidence of therapeutic failure was 56% with primaquine and 79% with placebo (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-1.3; P = 0.08). Primaquine administered daily created a marginally significant improvement in therapeutic efficacy at day 14, but not at day 7 (20% versus 36%; OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-1.8; P = 0.2) or day 28 (82% versus 93%; OR, 0.31; 95% Cl, 0.04-2.1; P = 0.23). This report corroborates studies suggesting that therapeutic doses of primaquine exert no discernible effect on parasitemia by P. falciparum.
METABOLISM OF Δ4-ANDROSTENE-3β, 17β-DIOL AND Δ4-ANDROSTENE-3α, 17β-DIOL IN VITRO (1957)

Several schemes proposed for the catabolism of testosterone in vivo involve variations in the sequence of reduction of the Cd-5 double bond and the carbonyl at CO, and oxidation at CU.The sequence involving the initial oxidation of the 17b-hydroxy group, followed by the reduction of the double bond and the 3-ketone to give androsterone and etiocholanolone, has received some verification and has been adequately reviewed (1, 2).However, little evidence of a direct nature has been presented to include or exclude other possible metabolic pathways.For example, a second scheme would involve the primary reduction of the 3-carbonyl group of testosterone to give A4-androstene-3a, 17@-diol and A4-androstene-3/3, 17j3diol with subsequent reduction of the double bond and oxidation at Cl,.The relative importance of this pathway could be assessed by investigating the formation of the products of these steroids obtained by in vitro and in viva techniques.A4-Androstene-3P, 17j3-dioll and A4-androstene-3a, 17b-dial, and the t,wo corresponding 4-C14-labeled compounds, were synthesized and incubated with liver tissue.The major products of the incubat,ion were quantitatively estimated following paper chromatography by calorimetric and spectrophotometric assay and by the determination of the radioactive content in the constituents.The results indicate that the two dials are not in the direct pathway of testosterone catabolism. MethodsSynthesis of A4-Androstene-@ , 1 Y/3-diol and A4-Androstene-& , i7&diol--Testosterone and testosterone+Cl4 (30 PC. per mmole), prepared according t,o the method of Fujimoto (3), were reduced with sodium boron hydride
Cigarette Smoking Induces Overexpression of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Type II Pneumocytes and Lung Cancer Cells (2005)

We examined gene expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and HGF receptor (HGFR), or product of proto-oncogene c-met (c-met), in smokers and nonsmokers with adenocarcinoma (ADC) by suppression subtractive hybridization and microarray techniques. Expression of HGF and c-met was confirmed by RT-PCR. HGF content in the respective tumor mass and nontumor lung tissue was measured by ELISA. HGF in pathologic samples was localized by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Our results indicate that overexpression of HGFR was frequently detected in ADC cells, whereas overexpression of HGF was detected in alveolar type II (ATII) cells. Overexpression of HGF was correlated with cigarette smoking and tumor stages. In vitro, HGF expression was evaluated in isolated murine ATII cells and in 12 ADC cell lines, and we found that nicotine activated HGF expression in ATII cells and lung cancer cells.
Extended cone-beam reconstruction using Radon transform (2002)

We extend Grangeat's formula (1991) so that partially measured cone-beam projections can be incorporated into image reconstruction in a successful way. The extension is based on a simple fact that multiple partially measured projections may be combined to compute the 3-D Radon data inaccessible from any single orbit point. Furthermore, we show a few examples for which Grangeat's formula does not provide a method for exact reconstruction but the extended formula does.
Dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride by iron metal: Effect of reactant concentrations (1995)

Optimal application of zero-valent iron (Fe{sup 0}) in contaminant remediation requires an understanding of the mechanism by which the process occurs. An important first step towards developing such an understanding is determining the dependence of reaction rate on the concentration of each reactant. Previous efforts by Matheson and Tratnyek (1994) found that the first-order rate constant for reduction of CCl{sub 4} by Fe{sup 0} increased linearly with iron surface area. However, heterogeneous systems often exhibit more complex behavior, suggesting that the simple linear relationships previously reported may not fully reflect all of the potentially contributing processes. To investigate this possibility, further study of the effect of initial CCl{sub 4} concentration and iron surface area has been undertaken. Our findings suggest that site availability arguments can be applied to the effect of CCl{sub 4} concentration but that the effect of Fe{sup 0} surface area is more complex.
The Systme Al‐Mg‐O‐N (1982)

Phase equilibria studies in the system Al‐Mg‐O‐N reveal a large homogenituy range of the magnesium‐aluminum‐oxynitride spinel with a constant anion sublattice nad idela or deficient cation sublattices. The compound 6AIN MgO has a hexagonal lattice with a = 0.2998 and c = 0.5328 am.
Mononuclear and homobinuclear lead(II) complexes of macrocyclic Schiff bases (1979)

Lead(II) salts act as templates for the cyclic condensation of several organic dicarbonyl compounds with a variety of polyfunctional diprimary amines to yield complexes of macrocyclic Schiff-base ligands in moderate to good yield. Three types of macrocyclic lead(II) complex are described: (i) mononuclear complexes of 15- and 17-membered quinquedentate N5 and N3S2 ligands; (ii) mononuclear complexes of 18-membered sexidentate N3O3, and N2O4 ligands; and (iii) binuclear complexes of a 30-rnembered decadentate N6O4 ligand. With the aid of i.r. spectra of solids and of electrical-conductance measurements on solutions, and by reference to X-ray structure determinations of selected complexes, the co-ordination geometries are assigned where possible. The co-ordination number of the lead(II) ion is variable between five and eight and depends on the nature of the anions present as well as on the nature of the macrocycle. Alkaline-earth metal complexes of certain of the macrocycles undergo exchange reactions with PbII in solution; possible applications of these reactions in the chelation therapy of lead poisoning are noted.
Lipid bilayer on a droplet: Formation of lipid bilayers on a droplet array (2012)

This paper describes a method for the formation of a lipid bilayer on a droplet-based chamber array. This method enables us to form small chambers sealed with lipid bilayers easily. The lipid membranes are stable and remain for at least 1 day. We successfully observed a transmembrane phenomenon via the lipid membrane on a droplet by fluorescent monitoring. Due to its small volume, subtle changes of molecular amount can be clearly detected. Therefore, we believe that those lipid membrane chambers are useful for a fundamental research of lipid membranes and a high throughput analysis of membrane proteins. By reconstituting membrane proteins (α-hemolysin), we demonstrated that those membranes were lipid bilayers.
Optimisation of the vehicle transmission and the gear-shifting strategy for the minimum fuel consumption and the minimum nitrogen oxide emissions (2017)

The paper outlines a computationally efficient analytical method for evaluating the fuel consumption and the nitrogen oxide emissions during manoeuvres pertaining to the New European Driving Cycle. An integrated optimisation procedure is also included in the analyses with minimisation of the brake specific fuel consumption and minimisation of the nitrogen oxide emissions as objective functions. A set of optimum gear ratios are determined for a four-speed transmission, a five-speed transmission and six-speed transmission as the governing parameters in the optimisation process. The analysis highlights the determination of gear-shifting objective-driven strategies based on the minimisation of either of the declared objective functions. A reduction of 7.5% in the brake specific fuel consumption and a reduction of 6.75% in nitrogen oxide emissions are attainable in the best-case scenario for a six-speed transmission and a gear-shifting strategy based on the lowest brake specific fuel consumption for the case of an engine. The novel integrated analytical simulations and multi-objective optimisation have not been hitherto reported in literature. It provides the opportunity for an objective intelligent-based approach to the use of gear shift indicator technology. The results of this study also show that transmission optimisation can act as an effective and inexpensive mean to enhance the fuel efficiency and to reduce the emissions.
배타적경제수역의 법적 지위와 국내적 수용 (2009)

제3차 유엔해양법회의에서 가장 논란이 된 이슈의 하나는 배타적경제수역의 법적 지위에 대한 대립, 즉, 일부 예외를 제외하고 배타적경제수역은 영해적 성격을 가져야 한다고 한 영해파 내지 영해주의파(territorialist), 공해적 성격을 강조한 공해파 내지 우선적 권리파(preferentialist), 그리고 영해도 아니고 공해도 아닌 독자적 성격의...
Improving Outcomes from Breast Cancer in a Low-Income Country: Lessons from Bangladesh (2011)

Women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have yet to benefit from recent advances in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment now experienced in high-income countries. Their unique sociocultural and health system circumstances warrant a different approach to breast cancer management than that applied to women in high-income countries. Here, we present experience from the last five years working in rural Bangladesh. Case and consecutive series data, focus group and individual interviews, and clinical care experience provide the basis for this paper. These data illustrate a complex web of sociocultural, economic, and health system conditions which affect womens' choices to seek and accept care and successful treatment. We conclude that health system, human rights, and governance issues underlie high mortality from this relatively rare disease in Bangladesh.
Ophthalmic applications of circular polarizers. (1986)

Circular polarizing filters have recently been introduced in several ophthalmic applications. These applications include clinical instruments for ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp specular microscopy, and fundus photography, as well as consumer products such as 3-D movie projection and viewing systems and glare-control screens for computer visual display terminals. The nature of circularly polarized light and mode of operation of the circular polarizing filters in various applications are discussed. In view of the advantages of circular polarizers in vectographic applications, the current linearly polarized vectographic systems used for binocular testing and visual training should be replaced with circular polarizing systems.
Syndromes of Hypercoagulability and Thrombosis: A Review (1994)

This review has stressed the common hereditary and acquired blood protein defects associated with thrombosis. The most common of the hereditary defects appear to be antithrombin, protein C, and protein S deficiency and the most common acquired defects are anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus anticoagulant. Therefore these are the defects that should first be looked for in an individual with unexplained thrombosis. If these more common defects are not found, then the rarer defects, including heparin cofactor II, plasminogen or tissue plasminogen activator deficiency, dysfibrinogenemia, or elevated PAI-1 should next be sought. The importance of finding these defects has significant implications for therapy of the individual patient and for institution of family studies to identify, inform, and possibly treat others at risk. It is expected that as knowledge of hemostasis expands, more hereditary and acquired defects, such as elevated lipoprotein(a) or defects of extrinsic (tissue factor) pathway inhibitor may be associated with enhanced risks of thrombosis.
Antioxidant Status of Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis: Associations with Inflammation and Glycoxidative Stress (2009)

Low-dose vitamin C supplements and a carotenoid-rich diet should be recommended for PD patients to maintain normal antioxidant status and efficiently counteract the chronic inflammatory response, rather than high doses of vitamin C, which could play a role as a precursor of pentosidine.
Milk sugars and minerals as ingredients (2001)

Lactose is the natural carbohydrate source and prebiotic compound found in the milk of mammals, but large variations in lactase activity in the small intestines of adult populations can cause problems with its use. The value of lactose can be increased by hydrolysis, but even more valuable products can be made by changing the structure of lactose and preventing its absorption in the gut. Some of these nonabsorbable lactose derivatives are already used in medical and functional food applications. Calcium phosphate precipitation to the heat‐transfer surfaces is one of the oldest problems of the dairy industry, but if precipitation is carried out in controlled conditions, the precipitate can be further processed to form milk calcium powder. Milk calcium can be used as a natural source of calcium in calcium‐fortified dairy products. The mineral and salty taste of whey has reduced its use as a food ingredient. The use of modern membrane technology offers a means of producing whey salt as a by‐product of whey demineralization. These otherwise wasted minerals can then be used as a natural mineral salt. Especially interesting is the possibility of recycling the whey salt into cheese, improving its nutritional status.
A simple computer program for guiding management of cardiovascular risk factors and prescribing (1999)

This simple computer program to estimate individuals' cardiovascular disease risk and display the benefits of intervention should help clinicians and patients decide on the most effective packages of risk reduction and identify those most likely to benefit from modulation of risk factors.
A fast synchronizer for burst modems with simultaneous symbol timing and carrier phase estimations (2002)

In burst-mode data transmission used in GSM and IS-136, rapid acquisition of the symbol timing and the carrier phase from the observation of a short signal-segment is essential. Feedforward timing recovery is well suited for such transmissions due to its rapid acquisition characteristics. For personal mobile communications where low complexity and low power are the major requirements, it is desirable to sample the signal at the lowest possible rate and to have the synchronizer be as simple as possible. In this paper we propose a synchronizer for initial timing and carrier-phase estimation using preambles. The synchronizer needs just two samples per symbol period and it exhibits good performance, even for signals employing small excess bandwidth. These estimations can be obtained directly from the burst detector output. We also show that the synchronizer can be implemented very efficiently.
Interactive analytical processing in big data systems (2012)

Within the past few years, organizations in diverse industries have adopted MapReduce-based systems for large-scale data processing. Along with these new users, important new workloads have emerged which feature many small, short, and increasingly interactive jobs in addition to the large, long-running batch jobs for which MapReduce was originally designed. As interactive, large-scale query processing is a strength of the RDBMS community, it is important that lessons from that field be carried over and applied where possible in this new domain. However, these new workloads have not yet been described in the literature. We fill this gap with an empirical analysis of MapReduce traces from six separate business-critical deployments inside Facebook and at Cloudera customers in e-commerce, telecommunications, media, and retail. Our key contribution is a characterization of new MapReduce workloads which are driven in part by interactive analysis, and which make heavy use of query-like programming frameworks on top of MapReduce. These workloads display diverse behaviors which invalidate prior assumptions about MapReduce such as uniform data access, regular diurnal patterns, and prevalence of large jobs. A secondary contribution is a first step towards creating a TPC-like data processing benchmark for MapReduce.
Deletion of 13q14 remains an independent adverse prognostic variable in multiple myeloma despite its frequent detection by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (2000)

Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies of chromosomal region 13q14 were performed to investigate the incidence and clinical importance of deletions in multiple myeloma (MM). Monoallelic deletions of the retinoblastoma-1 (rb-1) gene and the D13S319 locus were observed in 48 of 104 patients (46.2%) and in 28 of 72 (38.9%) patients, respectively, with newly diagnosed MM. FISH studies found that 13q14 was deleted in all 17 patients with karyotypic evidence of monosomy 13 or deletion of 13q but also in 9 of 19 patients with apparently normal karyotypes. Patients with a 13q14 deletion were more likely to have stage III disease (P =.022), higher serum levels of beta(2)-microglobulin (P =.059), and a higher percentage of bone marrow plasma cells (P =.085) than patients with a normal 13q14 status on FISH analysis. In patients with a deletion of 13q14, myeloma cell proliferation (Ki-67) was markedly increased (22.0% +/- 6.9% compared with 15.6% +/- 8.2% in patients without the deletion; P =.0008). Evaluation of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in 5 patients revealed that both rb-1-deleted and rb-1-normal MM subpopulations were proliferative. The presence of a 13q14 deletion on FISH analysis was associated with a significantly lower rate of response to conventional-dose chemotherapy (40.8% compared with 78. 6%; P =.009) and a shorter overall survival (24.2 months compared with > 60 months; P <.005) than in patients without the deletion. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors confirmed the independent predictive value of 13q14 deletions for shortened survival. In conclusion, deletions of 13q14 are frequently detected by interphase FISH in patients with newly diagnosed MM, correlate with increased proliferative activity, and represent an independent adverse prognostic feature in MM. (Blood. 2000;95:1925-1930)