gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Cost‐Effective 3D Hydrogen Evolution Cathode with High Catalytic Activity: FeP Nanowire Array as the Active Phase (2014)

Iron is the cheapest and one of the most abundant transition metals. Natural [FeFe]-hydrogenases exhibit remarkably high activity in hydrogen evolution, but they suffer from high oxygen sensitivity and difficulty in scale-up. Herein, an FeP nanowire array was developed on Ti plate (FeP NA/Ti) from its β-FeOOH NA/Ti precursor through a low-temperature phosphidation reaction. When applied as self-supported 3D hydrogen evolution cathode, the FeP NA/Ti electrode shows exceptionally high catalytic activity and good durability, and it only requires overpotentials of 55 and 127 mV to afford current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm(2) , respectively. The excellent electrocatalytic performance is promising for applications as non-noble-metal HER catalyst with a high performance-price ratio in electrochemical water splitting for large-scale hydrogen fuel production.
Improved Prediction of the Collagen Fiber Architecture in the Aortic Heart Valve (2004)

Living tissues show an adaptive response to mechanical loading by changing their internal structure and morphology. Understanding this response is essential for successful tissue engineering of load-bearing structures, such as the aortic valve. In this study, mechanically induced remodeling of the collagen architecture in the aortic valve was investigated. It was hypothesized that, in uniaxially loaded regions, the fibers aligned with the tensile principal stretch direction. For biaxial loading conditions, on the other hand, it was assumed that the collagen fibers aligned with directions situated between the principal stretch directions. This hypothesis has already been applied successfully to study collagen remodeling in arteries. The predicted fiber architecture represented a branching network and resembled the macroscopically visible collagen bundles in the native leaflet. In addition, the complex biaxial mechanical behavior of the native valve could be simulated qualitatively with the predicted fiber directions. The results of the present model might be used to gain further insight into the response of tissue engineered constructs during mechanical conditioning.
Hymmen Digital Décor Printing: Empowering the Laminate Industry (2017)

Hymmen has been continuing with its innovative growth to become one of the world's leading suppliers of presses and by the late 1900s it had succeeded in making a name for itself in surface finishing technologies. A small team of experts from different fields was put together to understand this new technology and develop a prototype keeping in mind the requirements of the laminate flooring industry. Hymmen chose to move ahead with UV-based inks because of the umpteenth advantages it had over solvent-/aqua-based inks at the time of conception. This chapter presents the case study of JUPITER JPT-W-840 and JUPITER JPT-C-2100. The use of the single-pass mode, the JUPITER digital printing line has made a positive impact on the market and has been able to fulfill the demands of the end customers.
Janos: a Java-oriented OS for active network nodes (2003)

Janos is an operating system for active network nodes whose primary focus is strong resource management and control of untrusted active applications written in Java. Janos includes the three major components of a Java-based active network operating system: the low-level NodeOS, a resource-aware Java Virtual Machine, and an active network protocol execution environment. Each of these components is separately usable. This article lays out the Janos design and its rationale.
Synthesis of 1,2,4‐oxadiazines and their rearrangement to pyrimidines (1979)

Abstract Several amide oximes underwent condensation reactions with dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate to afford 1:1 adducts. Under basic conditions, these adducts underwent ring closure to afford several methyl [3‐(substituted)‐4,5‐dihydro‐5‐oxo‐6 H ‐1,2,4‐oxadiazin‐6‐ylidene]acetates. The reactions of these compounds with a variety of amines resulted in addition‐rearrangement reactions with the formation of the corresponding methyl 2‐substituted‐5‐substituted amino‐1,6‐dihydro‐6‐oxo‐4‐pyrimidine carboxylates.
Review of Management Challenges for the 21st Century (2011)

Its a Book review. Check out full PDF instead
Induced polarization response of porous media with metallic particles — Part 5: Influence of the background polarization (2017)

Very often, ore bodies are found in altered porous materials that are rich in clay minerals. These altered rocks are in turn characterized by a relatively high normalized chargeability (product of the chargeability by the high frequency conductivity) or electrical quadrature conductivity with respect to clay-free materials. We have performed 36 experiments in which dispersed pyrite grains were mixed with a background host material composed of some pore water (NaCl, [Formula: see text] at 25°C or tap water), Na-exchanged bentonite, and silica grains. The induced polarization spectra were obtained in the frequency range of 1 mHz to 45 kHz at room temperature ([Formula: see text]). The spectra of the background porous materials alone (i.e., without pyrite) were also measured. The normalized chargeability and the quadrature conductivity of the sand-clay mixtures are consistent with available theoretical relationships. These new data complete previous data sets showing a clear relationship among the normalized chargeability, quadrature conductivity, surface conductivity, and cation exchange capacity. Bentonite is characterized by very high quadrature and surface conductivities. The normalized chargeability and the quadrature conductivity of the sand-clay mixtures (no pyrite) increase with the clay content. In the presence of pyrite, the chargeability and the phase lag depend primarily on the volume content of pyrite in a predictable way. The Cole-Cole exponent, characterizing the particle size distribution of the pyrite grains, is independent of the clay content. Still, in the presence of pyrite, the magnitude of the phase peak and the phase peak frequency depend on the clay content in a way that is not explained by the current model. We have observed that the Cole-Cole relaxation time, in the presence of pyrite, is inversely proportional to the conductivity of the background material.
[Immunobiological properties of recombinant atoxic forms of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A]. (2011)

These results maybe used to construct direct-action immunobiological formulations.
On the Performance of Cancellation Carrier-Based Schemes for Sidelobe Suppression in OFDM Networks (2008)

An efficient scheme for limiting the inherent high out-of-band radiation of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signal has been studied by Brandes et al.. The scheme achieves sidelobe suppression by using few subcarriers, referred to as cancellation carriers (CCs), positioned at the edges of the spectrum and modulated by data-dependent complex-valued symbols that are designed so as to minimize the out-of-band radiation. Unfortunately, its performance has been investigated at the input of the power amplifier (PA) without considering the spectral re-growth induced by PA's non-linear region. Motivated by the above consideration, in this work we return to the aforementioned scheme and investigate its performance at the output of the PA. In addition, since reducing the time-domain signal peaks may alleviate the problem of spectral re-growth, we also adopt two well-known tone reservation (TR)-based peak reduction algorithms. Computer simulations are used to assess the performance of the investigated schemes under different operating conditions. It turns out that the CC-based solution may provide some performance gain at the PA output only for input power backoffs larger than 6 dB. Additional benefits can be achieved when used in conjunction with TR and some linearization of the PA characteristic.
JFET-transistor yields device with negative resistance (1976)

A composite p-channel ion implanted JFET and an n-p-n bipolar transistor which exhibits a negative resistance region and a positive feedback path is described in this correspondence.
Development of millimeter and submillimeter wave catheter transmitting a gyrotron output for irradiation of living bodies (2008)

The development of a millimeter and submillimeter wave catheter for irradiation of living bodies using a gyrotron as a radiation power source is described. The GYROTRON FU-IV, optimized for such applications was used in the experiments. It was operated in both cw and pulsed regime at TE03 and TE32 modes with frequences 302 GHz and 238GHz respectively. Irradiation tests were made on paper, beef and liver of living rats.
Preformed Electric Power Fittings (2008)

Through analysis of the energy-saving technology and performance characteristics of the performed helical fitting made by aluminum alloy and comparing with overhanging and tolerance,introduces the technical superiority of the performed fitting and the prospect for application in electric transmission line.
Reaction of 4-Amino-1,2,4-triazolium Salts with Polarized Olefins (1995)

The reaction of 4-amino-l,2,4-triazolium salts (5a,b) with polarized olefins (3a,b,4a) in the presence of K2CO3 in EtOH or DMSO directly yielded the back-donated 1.6-cyclization products, mesomeric betaines (6a-c,7a,b) via Nvinylimino ylides, while the reaction of the salts (5a,b) with polarized olefins (4b.c) gave the 1,s-dipolar cyclization products, pyrazoles (10a.b) and [1,2,41triazolo[4,3-blpyrazole (11).It is well known that heterocyclic salts react with polarized olefins to produce heterocyclic N-allylides (1) and these N-allylides (I), acting as extended dipole are of interest in heterocyclic chemisuy.lRecently we reported a synthesis of mesomeric betaine (2) due to the resonance structure (1') and we proposed a mechanism which involves a hack-donated 1,6-cyclization for this transformation2 (Scheme 1). Scheme 1The purpose of the present investigation is to extend this back-donated 1,6-cyclization to the synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-blpyridaziniumides (6.7) which were prepared by the reaction of 4-amino-]&-' R N-N' HBr kc03 6a,b --N , HBr -
Effects of Tri-Iodothyronine on Testicular Interstitial Cells and Androgen Secretory Capacity of the Prepubertal Rat (2000)

The main objective of the study was to investigate the effects of hyperthyroidism on the rat testis interstitium during prepuberty, which is not well understood at present. Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously daily with saline (controls) or tri-iodothyronine (T(3), 50 microg/kg body weight; hyperthyroids) from postnatal Day 1. Rats were killed at Days 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, and 21. One testis of each rat was used to determine LH-stimulated (100 ng/ml) testicular androgen secretory capacity in vitro. The other testis was used either for morphometric studies (n = 5) or for immunolocalization of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) to identify steroidogenic cells (n = 3) and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11 beta-HSD1) to differentially identify adult Leydig cells. Daily T(3) injections resulted in significant reductions in body and testis weights. Morphometric analysis revealed that lower testis weights in rats treated with T(3) were mainly the result of reductions of total volume of seminiferous cords/tubules. The number of interstitial mesenchymal cells (MCs) was lower (P < 0.05) in T(3) rats compared with age-matched controls. The number of fetal Leydig cells (FLCs) was not different between the two groups; however, FLC hypotrophy was detected in T(3) rats at Day 16 in contrast to Day 21 in control rats. In both groups, morphologically identifiable adult Leydig cells (ALCs) were observed at Day 12 and thereafter; however, the ALC number per testis in T(3) rats was twice as much as those of controls. Positive immunolabeling for 3beta-HSD was first detected in MC/progenitor cells on Day 9 in rats in the T(3) group (cells were still spindle-shaped) and on Day 12 in rats in the control group. Testicular testosterone production in vitro was lower (P < 0.05) in T(3) rats compared with controls at each age tested and further reductions (<0.05) were observed in T(3) rats at Days 16 and 21. Testicular androstenedione production was also lower (P < 0.05) in T(3) rats at Days 5 and 7, but increased (P < 0.05) thereafter, than in control rats. These findings support that there are more newly formed ALCs in T(3) testes than in those of controls. Moreover, these results demonstrate that hyperthyroidism stimulates premature hypotrophy of FLCs and early differentiation of increased numbers of MCs to ALCs in the prepubertal rat testis, further supporting the view that thyroid hormone has a regulatory role in initiating MC differentiation into ALCs in the prepubertal rat testis.
Ensuring network integrity (1997)

In an increasingly complex telecommunications environment with a growing number of network operators, services and products, interconnection of two networks creates a significant risk of a widespread network failure which needs to be managed. Network operators have a common interest in maintaining network integrity and protecting their existing services. The widespread use of processor controlled technology with the complex and powerful common channel signalling system No.7 in networks has made them vulnerable to comparatively minor unexpected disturbances which can cause severe network outages. The signalling related failures that effected several operators in the USA in 1990/91 are well known examples. The types of problem that can compromise network integrity are listed in the appendix. The implementation of testing programmes can provide a high level of integrity protection if they are comprehensive and include: design reviews of specifications, stand alone conformance/validation testing, interoperability testing (including fault recovery) and commissioning testing. In addition testing helps to verify the interoperability of services even though it is impossible to test every single interaction. Switching system manufactures have a key role in support of network integrity. They have the responsibility to ensure their systems are designed in accordance with industry standards and the individual specifications of the client operator.
Epithelial stem cells (1997)

New molecular markers for epidermal stem cells have enabled their isolation both in vitro and from the epidermis lying between hair follicles. Micro-dissection experiments have localised a second population of stem cells within hair follicles. Epidermal stem cells have a patterned distribution in vivo. The patterning can be reconstituted in vitro, showing that it is generated by interactions between keratinocytes and that the differentiation of epidermal stem cells is regulated by signals from other keratinocytes. Recent evidence from transgenic mice suggests that stem cell behaviour in the gut may be regulated by similar cell-cell interactions in vivo. Candidate genes for mediating these interactions are the homologues of Drosophila cell fate patterning genes such as Notch and Wingless and the Cadherin family of cell-cell adhesion molecules. The roles of stem cells and of mutations of the Patched gene in epithelial carcinogenesis are discussed.
Green Synthesis of Pseudo-Cubic Ag/Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticles using Senna occidentalis Leaf Extract (2019)

Abstract This study reports plant-mediated co-reduction approach for the synthesis of Ag/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag/Ni BNPs). In view of sustainability development, aqueous leaf extract of an indigenous Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) acted as a reducing agent. Cold extraction was carried out on the biodiversity plant using water and methanol as solvent media by way of “green” synthesis. Qualitative analysis was done to identify possible secondary metabolites present in the extract. Synthesis of the nanohybrid was achieved using two different precursor concentrations at 70°C. Techniques including Uv-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were engaged for optical, morphological and compositional characterisation of the Ag/Ni BNPs, respectively. The reaction colour changed from green to dark brown due to the excitation of electron and change in the electronic energy levels of metal nanoparticles. Presence of nickel in the nanohybrid resulted in blue shift in the absorbance wavelengths when compared with the corresponding monometallic Ag NPs (341 to 327 nm). The optical property displayed by Ag/Ni BNPs is a pointer for potential application as optical material.
An asynchronous multi-channel spread spectrum transceiver using a SAW convolver (2003)

The authors have developed a compact spread-spectrum (SS) wireless modem using a SAW (surface acoustic wave) convolver. They utilized the efficient ZnO-SiO/sub 2/-Si Sezawa-wave convolver. The SS modem was based on the DS/FSK (direct sequence/frequency shift keying) method, where the PN (pseudonoise) code length was 127 chips and the chip rate was 14 MHz. The demodulation method of the SS modem was a perfectly asynchronous one, which was useful for its application to wireless communication under a very weak signal. The total number of channels of the DS/FS method was confirmed to be more than 200000 within a 28-MHz SS band. Under the 1989 transmitted-power limits in Japan (0.05 mu W/120 kHz:500 mu V/m at 3 m in the frequency range below 322 MHz), the SS modem proved to be reliable over a distance greater than 110 m. Furthermore, the asynchronous SS modem of 1-W transmission power with a 900-MHz SS band in the US proved to be reliable over a distance as great as 8 km.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular evolution of enolase. (2005)

Enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) is an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway catalyzing the dehydratation reaction of 2-phosphoglycerate. In vertebrates the enzyme exists in three isoforms: alpha, beta and gamma. The amino-acid and nucleotide sequences deposited in the GenBank and SwissProt databases were subjected to analysis using the following bioinformatic programs: ClustalX, GeneDoc, MEGA2 and S.I.F.T. (sort intolerant from tolerant). Phylogenetic trees of enolases created with the use of the MEGA2 program show evolutionary relationships and functional diversity of the three isoforms of enolase in vertebrates. On the basis of calculations and the phylogenetic trees it can be concluded that vertebrate enolase has evolved according to the "birth and death" model of evolution. An analysis of amino acid sequences of enolases: non-neuronal (NNE), neuron specific (NSE) and muscle specific (MSE) using the S.I.F.T. program indicated non-uniform number of possible substitutions. Tolerated substitutions occur most frequently in alpha-enolase, while the lowest number of substitutions has accumulated in gamma-enolase, which may suggest that it is the most recently evolved isoenzyme of enolase in vertebrates.
Power Allocation in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Systems (2009)

In this paper, we investigate the optimal power allocation strategy that aims at maximizing the capacity in OFDM- based cognitive radio systems. We show that the traditional water-filling algorithm applied in general OFDM systems needs to be modified due to the per subchannel power constraints in such systems. An iterative partitioned water-filling algorithm is proposed and proved to be optimal based on the convex optimization theory.
Design Optimization of Large Area Si/SiGe Thermoelectric Generators (2006)

We present a comparison of large area pn-junction thermoelectric generators and classical thermoelectric modules. In contrast to conventional thermocouples, the thermal generation of carriers is explicitly used within the new device structures. The gradient of the pn-junction's built-in potential causes the separation of the thermally generated carriers. For the application of waste heat recovery, the device is exposed to an external temperature gradient along the pn-junction which induces driving forces to both electrons and holes from the heated to the cooled end of the structure, where contacts are applied. The influence of device geometry and material composition on the device behavior is investigated. Simulation results obtained by our device and circuit simulator MiNiMOS-NT working in conjunction with the optimization framework SIESTA are presented
A general model of concurrency and its implementation as many-core dynamic RISC processors (2008)

This paper presents a concurrent execution model and its micro-architecture based on in-order RISC processors, which schedules instructions from large pools of contextualised threads. The model admits a strategy for programming chip multiprocessors using parallelising compilers based on existing languages. The model is supported in the ISA by number of instructions to create and manage abstract concurrency. The paper estimates the cost of supporting these instructions in silicon. The model and its implementation uses dynamic parameterisation of concurrency creation, where a single instruction captures asynchronous remote function execution, mutual exclusion and the execution of a general concurrent loop structure and all associated communication. Concurrent loops may be dependent or independent, bounded or unbounded and may be nested arbitrarily. Hierarchical concurrency allows compilers to restructure and parallelise sequential code to meet the strict constraints on the model, which provide its freedom from deadlock and locality of communication. Communication is implicit in both the model and micro-architecture, due to the dynamic distribution of concurrency. The result is location-independent binary code that may execute on any number of processors. Simulation and analysis of the micro-architecture indicate that the model is a strong candidate for the exploitation of many-core processors. The results show near-linear speedup over two orders of magnitude of processor scaling, good energy efficiency and tolerance to large latencies in asynchronous operations. This is true for both independent threads as well as for reductions.
A 0.13 $\mu{\hbox {m}}$ SiGe BiCMOS Technology Featuring f$_{T} $/f$_{\max}$ of 240/330 GHz and Gate Delays Below 3 ps (2010)

A 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology for millimeter-wave applications is presented. This technology features high-speed HBTs with peak transit frequencies <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> of 240 GHz, maximum oscillation frequencies <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 330 GHz, and breakdown voltages BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</sub> of 1.7 V along with high-voltage HBTs ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = 50 GHz, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> = 130 GHz, BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</sub> = 3.7 V) integrated in a dual gate oxide RF-CMOS process. Ring oscillator gate delays of 2.9 ps, low-noise amplifiers for 122 GHz, and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> oscillators with fundamental-mode oscillation frequencies above 200 GHz are demonstrated.