gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased copy number of the TERT and TERC telomerase subunit genes in cancer cells (2008)

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex that adds telomeric repeats to the ends of chromosomes. The core telomerase components are the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) catalytic subunit, and the telomerase RNA (TR) template subunit. In most cancers, telomerase is expressed at levels that are substantially higher than in normal cells. A known consequence of telomerase up-regulation which is considered to play a critical role in oncogenesis is maintenance of telomere length, and thus evasion by cancer cells of the normal limits on proliferation that are associated with the steady decrease in telomere length that accompanies proliferation of normal cells. It has also been suggested that telomerase up-regulation confers other advantages on cancer cells independent of its enzymatic activity. The mechanisms responsible for up-regulation of telomerase in cancer are incompletely understood. Here we review evidence suggesting that this frequently results from increased copy number of the genes encoding telomerase components. The TERT gene is located at human chromosome band 5p15.33, and the telomerase RNA component (TERC) gene that encodes TR is at 3q26.3. Chromosomal gains and gene amplifications involving chromosome arms 5p and 3q are among the most frequent in human tumors. Increased TERT and TERC gene dosage has been detected frequently in a variety of human cancers, and clonal evolution of cells with increased TERT or TERC copy number has been observed, suggesting a growth advantage in cells with increased TERT or TERC gene dosage.
Two-level state estimation for large power system. Part 1: Algorithms (1988)

The paper forms Part 1 of a two-part series which tests the performance of several techniques for two-level state estimation. The main purpose is to develop an efficient and fast algorithm for a large power system. Part 1 gives the analytical formulation of six algorithms of the two-level state estimator
Design of a Wind Turbine Pitch Controller for Loads and Fatigue Reduction (2007)

Wind turbines are constantly growing in size and power output level. This growth results in significant increase of structural loads and fatigue that have become limiting factors in wind turbine design. It introduces a need to control and limit structural loads and fatigue during wind turbine operation. This can be done by careful control system design. In this paper we focus on variable speed pitch controlled wind turbine that is today an industrial standard. A design procedure for three types of pitch controller is described and their performance is tested by simulations. Like first classic PID controller is described that aims only at achieving satisfactory rotor speed control. This classic pitch controller is then augmented and reduction of tower oscillations is used as additional demand during controller design. Two controller concepts used for this purpose are compared – SISO and full state feedback controller. Both controllers are designed by pole placement method that assures closed loop system to behave in desired manner. Desired closed loop system behavior is carefully chosen in such a way that controlled system behaves as if its structural damping has increased. It results in reduced tower motion what leads to loads and fatigue reduction. All controllers described in this paper are linear so an adaptation algorithm is needed to account for nonlinear nature of wind turbine. For this purpose we propose the use of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model that calculates process model output as a combination of local linear models identified in chosen operating points.
GOLD AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO NEUROLOGICAL/GLANDULAR CONDITIONS (2002)

Despite increasing sales of gold supplements, and claims of benefits for neurological and glandular conditions, gold has received little attention in modern medical literature except as a drug for rheumatoid arthritis. Historically, however, gold had a reputation as a "nervine," a therapy for nervous disorders. A review of the historical literature shows gold in use during the 19th century for conditions including depression, epilepsy, migraine, and glandular problems such as amenorrhea and impotence. The most notable use of gold was in a treatment for alcoholism developed by Keeley (1897). In the modern medical literature, gold-containing medicines for rheumatoid arthritis are known to have occasional neurotoxic adverse effects. There are also a few studies suggesting a role for gold as a naturally occurring trace element in the reproductive glands. One small recent study demonstrated a possible positive effect of gold on cognitive ability. There is a need for more experimental and clinical research of the neuropharmacology and neurochemistry of gold, and for the exploration of gold's possible role as a trace element.
A methodology for measurement and characterization of substrate noise in high frequency circuits (2003)

A method is proposed in this paper to measure and characterize substrate noise in high-frequency circuits. Since substrate coupled signals are small quantities, special precautions must be taken to isolate these signals to avoid contamination by signals coupled through the package and the board. The method proposed is based on sensing and down-converting substrate signals on-chip to lower frequencies for measurement. As an illustration of this general method, we measure the noise injected by an on-chip Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) using down-converting mixers as sensors.
Simple method for flip-chip bonding on a resin substrate (2002)

The use of flip-chip bonding on resin substrates (FR-4) in the field of portable equipment has been increasing steadily due to demands for smaller and lighter equipment. The flip-chip bonding methods used for portable equipment require the presence of a solder or a conductive adhesive between the metal "bump" on the LSI chip and the electrode pad on the substrate. These materials have been generally considered critical to maintaining the reliability of the electrical contacts. However, the fine control in the manufacturing process required to spread the correct amount of solder or conductive adhesive paste on the minute electrical contacts is extremely difficult. Consequently, control of the soldering or adhesive process proved to be critical factor influencing the cost of the flip-chip bonding process. We have developed a new manufacturing process for flip-chip bonding that requires neither solder nor conductive adhesive paste. Thermal cycling tests (-40/spl deg/C to 100/spl deg/C 2500 cycles) and high temperature/high humidity tests (+85/spl deg/C 85% RH 3500 H) indicate acceptable reliability, and initial process yields reached 99.6% or more. We then used the new flip-chip process to build portable Windows-based equipment for testing purposes and thus confirmed the effectiveness of this new technology. This paper presents the method of our simple flip-chip bonding technique.
Synthesis and optimization procedures for fully and easily testable sequential machines (2003)

A synthesis procedure is described that produces an optimized fully and easily testable logic implementation of a sequential machine from a state transition graph description of the machine. This logic-level implementation is guaranteed to be testable for all single stuck-at faults in the combinational logic. No access to the memory elements is required. The test sequences for these faults can be obtained using combinational test generation techniques alone. It is shown that an intimate relationship exists between state assignment and the testability of a sequential machine. A technique is also presented of don't-care minimization and added observability which ensures fully testable machines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-Cost Real-Time 2-D Motion Detection Based on Reconfigurable Computing (2006)

This paper presents a method for real-time hand motion detection in two-dimensional (2-D) space. A new input device for kinetically challenged persons that uses this method is presented. The device consists of a solid-state accelerometer that senses 2-D motion, a microcontroller that samples the data in real time, and an embedded field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device that distinguishes the types of motion from programmable motion vocabularies. The system has a quadratic capability O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) in detecting motions, while the hardware used has a linear-complexity O(n). The motion-detection computational model is presented, along with experimental results. The system adaptation to individual requirements and the cost versus quality tradeoff can be addressed through reconfiguration
Log-aesthetic space curve segments (2009)

For designing aesthetic surfaces, such as the car bodies, it is very important to use aesthetic curves as characteristic lines. In such curves, the curvature should be monotonically varying, since it dominates the distortion of reflected images on curved surfaces. In this paper, we present an interactive control method of log-aesthetic space curves. We define log-aesthetic space curves to be curves whose logarithmic curvature and torsion graphs are both linear. The linearity of these graphs constrains that the curvature and torsion are monotonically varying. We clarify the characteristics of log-aesthetic space curves and identify their family. Moreover, we present a novel method for drawing a log-aesthetic space curve segment by specifying two endpoints, their tangents, the slopes, α and β, of straight lines of the logarithmic curvature and torsion graphs, and the torsion parameter Ω. Our implementation shows that log-aesthetic curve segments can be controlled fully interactively.
Ultrasound image enhancement for HIFU lesion detection and measurement (2009)

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been investigated as a new technique for treating tumors in clinical applications. Detecting HIFU induced lesions in medical imaging is an important method to monitor and guide the HIFU therapies. In this paper, we propose an ultrasound image enhancement method for HIFU lesion detection and measurement based on the combination of the GenLik method and the local wiener filtering technique in the wavelet packet transform domain. Experimental results of simulated image and HIFU monitor image show that this method can successfully preserve and enhance lesions for auto segmentation and measurement, while reducing the speckle noise in ultrasound images.
ARQ-Based Symmetric-Key Generation Over Correlated Erasure Channels (2013)

This paper focuses on the problem of sharing secret keys using Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) protocol. We consider cases where forward and feedback channels are erasure channels for a legitimate receiver (Bob) and an eavesdropper (Eve). In prior works, the wiretap channel is modeled as statistically independent packet erasure channels for Bob and Eve. In this paper, we go beyond the state-of-the-art by addressing correlated erasure events across the wiretap channel. The created randomness is shared between two legitimate parties through ARQ transmissions that is mapped into a destination set using a first-order digital filter with feedback. Then, we characterize Eve's information loss about this shared destination set, due to inevitable transmission errors. This set is then transformed into a highly secure key using privacy amplification in order to intensify and exploit Eve's lack of knowledge. We adopt two criteria for analysis and design of the system: secrecy outage probability as a measure of the secrecy quality, and secret key rate as a metric for efficiency. The resulting secrecy improvement is presented as a function of the correlation coefficients and the erasure probabilities for both channels. It is shown that secrecy improvement is achievable even when Eve has a better channel than legitimate receivers, and her channel conditions are unknown to legitimate users.
Detection of GRB 090618 with RT-2 Experiment Onboard the Coronas-Photon Satellite (2010)

We present the results of an analysis of the prompt gamma-ray emission from GRB 090618 using the RT-2 Experiment onboard the Coronas-Photon satellite. GRB 090618 shows multiple peaks and a detailed study of the temporal structure as a function of energy is carried out. As the GRB was incident at an angle of 77 degree to the detector axis, we have generated appropriate response functions of the detectors to derive the spectrum of this GRB. We have augmented these results using the publicly available data from the Swift BAT detector and show that a combined spectral analysis can measure the spectral parameters quite accurately. We also attempt a spectral and timing analysis of individual peaks and find evidence for a systematic change in the pulse emission characteristics for the successive pulses. In particular, we find that the peak energy of the spectrum, E_p, is found to monotonically decrease with time, for the successive pulses of this GRB.
An Accurate GPU Performance Model for Effective Control Flow Divergence Optimization (2015)

Graphic processing units (GPUs) are composed of a group of single-instruction multiple data (SIMD) streaming multiprocessors (SMs). GPUs are able to efficiently execute highly data parallel tasks through SIMD execution on the SMs. However, if those threads take diverging control paths, all divergent paths are executed serially. In the worst case, every thread takes a different control path and the highly parallel architecture is used serially by each thread. This control flow divergence problem is well known in GPU development; code transformation, memory access redirection, and data layout reorganization are commonly used to reduce the impact of divergence. These techniques attempt to eliminate divergence by grouping together threads or data to ensure identical behavior. However, prior efforts using these techniques do not model the performance impact of any particular divergence or consider that complete elimination of divergence may not be possible. Thus, we perform analysis of the performance impact of divergence and potential thread regrouping algorithms that eliminate divergence or minimize the impact of remaining divergence. Finally, we develop a divergence optimization framework that analyzes and transforms the kernel at compile-time and regroups the threads at runtime. For the compute-bound applications, our proposed metrics achieve performance estimation accuracy within 6.2% of measured performance. Using these metrics, we develop thread regrouping algorithms, which consider the impact of divergence, and speed up these applications by 2.2× on average on NVIDIA GTX480.
Glutathione Peroxidase-Catalase Cooperativity Is Required for Resistance to Hydrogen Peroxide by Mature Rat Oligodendrocytes (2004)

Oxidative mechanisms of injury are important in many neurological disorders, including hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Cerebral palsy after preterm birth is hypothesized to be caused by hypoxic-ischemic injury of developing oligodendrocytes (OLs). Here we examined the developmental sensitivity of OLs to exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with stage-specific rat oligodendrocyte cultures. We found that H2O2 itself or that generated by glucose oxidase was more toxic to developing than to mature OLs. Mature OLs were able to degrade H2O2 faster than developing OLs, suggesting that higher antioxidant enzyme activity might be the basis for their resistance. Catalase expression and activity were relatively constant during oligodendrocyte maturation, whereas glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was upregulated with a twofold to threefold increase in its expression and activity. Thus, it appeared that the developmental change in resistance to H2O2 was caused by modulation of GPx but not by catalase expression. To test the relative roles of catalase and GPx in the setting of oxidative stress, we measured enzyme activity in cells exposed to H2O2 and found that H2O2 induced a decrease in catalase activity in developing but not in mature OLs. Inhibition of GPx by mercaptosuccinate led to an increase in the vulnerability of mature OLs to H2O2 as well as a reduction in catalase activity. Finally, H2O2-dependent inactivation of catalase in developing OLs was prevented by the GPx mimic ebselen. These data provide evidence for a key role for GPx-catalase cooperativity in the resistance of mature OLs to H2O2-induced cell death.
Philosophy and the aims of higher education (1997)

ABSTRACT The paper asks how far philosophy can throw light on what the aims of higher education should be. It begins with a critical discussion of Ronald Barnett's argument, set out in his The Idea of Higher Education and elsewhere, that there are common ‘emancipatory’ aims implicit in the concept of higher education itself. Barnett's philosophical and historical arguments for this conclusion are examined and rejected. The question is also raised whether the conclusion could be supported on other grounds. In the last part of the paper it is suggested that higher education seems to offer much less scope than compulsory school education for philosophical discussions of its aims.
Tirapazamine, Cisplatin, and Radiation Versus Fluorouracil, Cisplatin, and Radiation in Patients With Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: A Randomized Phase II Trial of the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG 98.02) (2004)

Both regimens are feasible and are associated with significant but acceptable toxicity profiles in the cooperative group setting. Based on the promising efficacy seen in this trial, TPZ/CIS is being evaluated in a large phase III trial.
Expression, purification, and bone-inducing activity of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-3 mature peptide. (1999)

It was inferred that the mature peptide of human bone morphogenetic protein-3 (hBMP-3m) consists of the carboxyl terminal 127 amino acid residues of hBMP-3. A plasmid, pDH-B3m, was constructed by inserting the cDNA sequences encoding hBMP-3m into pDH, a PL-containing expression vector. pDH-B3m was transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 alpha. The highest expression level of recombinant hBMP-3m (rhBMP-3m) could be reached after 6 hours of induction at 42 degrees C, accounting for 28% of the total bacterial proteins. The rhBMP-3m was found in the inclusion bodies. After being washed and partially purified, the inclusion bodies were solubilized in urea and purified efficiently through ion-exchange chromatography. The purity of the rhBMP-3m was at least 95%. The rhBMP-3m was refolded by dilution method and then 1 mg was implanted into mouse thigh muscle to assay its activity. A classic pattern of cartilaginous osteogenesis was observed. The results showed that the purified and refolded rhBMP-3m had ectopic bone-inducing activity.
Frequency offset estimation in OFDM systems in the presence of IQ imbalance (2004)

The orthogonality between sub-carriers in OFDM systems is disrupted by offsets between the carrier frequencies in the transmitter and receiver as well by the so-called IQ mismatch in the mixers. When treated separately, effective algorithms exist for estimation and compensation of frequency offset as well as IQ imbalance. However, with both effects present, such algorithms do not lead to useful estimates of the related parameters. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for the estimation of the frequency offset in the presence of IQ imbalance. The proposed algorithm is tested on an OFDM communication system designed based on the specifications of IEEE 802.11a for wireless local area networks. Simulation results show that the frequency offset estimation algorithm works well even with large values of gain and phase imbalances in the receiver mixer. When an estimate of the frequency offset is obtained, any effective technique for the compensation of IQ imbalance can be applied.
Differences in Lp[a] concentrations and apo[a] polymorphs between black and white Americans (1996)

Lp[a] concentrations in nmol/L and apo[a] size isoforms, expressed in terms of the relative number of apo[a] kringle 4 (K4) repeats, were determined in 3959 whites and blacks from four U.S. communities. Plasma Lp[a] analyses were performed by an ELISA method insensitive to apo[a] size heterogeneity and apo[a] size isoforms were determined by high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis. Allele frequencies were estimated by maximum likelihood methods in order to account for the presence of null alleles and coalescence of hands on gels. The apo[a] allele frequencies and phenotype distributions differed significantly between blacks and whites (P < 0.0001). Blacks had a higher relative frequency of the intermediate alleles K4(22) through K4(28) whereas whites had a higher relative frequency of the small alleles K4(17) through K4(24) and large alleles K4(29) through K4(33). The estimated frequency of the null allele was low in both blacks (1.0%) and whites (6.7%). The Lp[a] distribution was less skewed and Lp[a] concentrations were higher in blacks than whites (mean 94 nmol/L and 48 nmol/L, median 74 nmol/L and 20 nmol/L for blacks and whites, respectively). The relationship between apo[a] size and Lp[a] concentration also differed significantly between these two racial groups. For the large polymorphs (> 31 K4 repeats) both blacks and whites exhibited uniformly low Lp[a] values. For the intermediate isoforms K4(20) through K4(30), a considerable range of Lp[a] values was evident in blacks; the median Lp[a] for each isoform increased nearly linearly as the apo[a] size decreased. In contrast in whites there was little change in median Lp[a] concentrations for isoforms K4(20) through K4(30). For the small apo[a] size (< 20 K4) both blacks and whites exhibited high median Lp[a] levels and a wide variation of Lp[a] levels. The major difference in Lp[a] levels between the two racial groups occurred in the intermediate size isoform range of K4(20) through K4(25). In conclusion, whites and blacks differ significantly in Lp[a] concentrations, allele and phenotype frequencies, and in the relationship between apo[a] size isoform and Lp[a] concentration.
Allergenicity prediction by protein sequence (2003)

Potential allergenicity of transgenic proteins for consumption must be investigated before their introduction into the food chain. A prerequisite is sequence analysis. We have critically reviewed the performance of the current guidelines proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for allergenicity prediction based on protein sequence and show that its precision is very low. To improve prediction, we propose a new strategy based on sequence motifs identified from a new allergen database. If tested on random test sequences and known allergens, both methods are apparently very sensitive. However, the precision of our motif-based prediction (95.5%) is superior to the current method (36.6%). We conclude that the proposed motif-based prediction is a superior alternative to the current method for use in the decision-tree approach for allergenicity assessment.