gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VPAC1 Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Megakaryopoiesis. (2004)

Abstract Identification of the regulatory pathways that direct megakaryopoiesis and platelet production is essential for the development of novel strategies to treat life threatening bleeding complications in bone marrow suppressed patients. We demonstrated that megakaryocytes and platelets express the Gs-coupled VPAC1 receptor, for which both PACAP and VIP are specific agonists. We have further identified a bleeding tendency and found three copies of the PACAP gene in two related patients with severe mental retardation, responsible for elevated PACAP plasma levels and associated increased platelet cAMP concentrations, resulting in strongly reduced platelet aggregation (JCI, 2004, 113, 905). In this study, we have further demonstrated a fundamental role for the VPAC1 signalling pathway during megakaryocyte maturation and platelet formation. Patients with PACAP overexpression have mild thrombocytopenia, a normal platelet survival and relatively small platelets with an MPV of 8.2 fL (normal MPV 9-13 fL). FACS analysis of the patients’ platelets showed reduced expression of GPIX and GPIIIa. Electron microscopy of bone marrow of patients and of mice, specifically overexpressing PACAP in megakaryocytes revealed the presence of early megakaryocyte progenitors but almost not of mature megakaryocytes. Immature megakaryoblasts seemed to have reduced levels of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and free ribosomes. To further study the modulating role of VPAC1 in thrombopoiesis, control mice were therefore subcutaneously injected with neutralizing polyclonal or monoclonal anti-PACAP, anti-VIP or anti-VPAC1 antibodies. Injection of these antibodies in all cases led to increased platelet counts, compared to control antibodies (monoclonal anti-PACAP antibody: 1194 ± 237 x 109 plt/L; control antibody: 722 ± 178 x 109 plt/L; p=0.01, unpaired t-test at day 7 after injection). This strategy was also capable of reducing the drop in platelet count in busulfan treated mice (polyclonal anti-PACAP antibody: 561 ± 121 x 109 plt/L; control antibody: 349 ± 65 x 109 plt/L; p=0.033, unpaired t-test at day 29 or day 18 after respectively antibody and busulfan injection). In addition, bone marrow examination of mice injected with monoclonal anti-PACAP or anti-VPAC1 antibodies revealed an increase in megakaryocyte numbers and showed a marked expansion and mobilization of megakaryocyte progenitor cells. Mice injected with a monoclonal anti-VPAC1 antibody showed an increase of about 50% in bone marrow CFU-MK. In conclusion, we provide evidence that the VPAC1 pathway modulates normal megakaryopoiesis. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether this pathway can be safely manipulated in man in the treatment of thrombocytopenia.
Optimum design of an RC snubber for a switching regulator by means of the root locus method (1978)

This paper presents the optimum design of an RC snubber to suppress the surge voltage across the transistor in a switching regulator with two-winding reactor. Analyzing the surge voltage across the transistor with an RC snubber by means of high-frequency equivalent circuits, we obtain the third-order characteristic equation. This third-order equation is analyzed by the aid of the root locus method. As a result, the region where the surge voltage can be suppressed is described in the R-C plane. The experimental confirmation of this analysis is shown. Considering the snubber loss, the optimum resistance and capacitance can be obtained. Further, the precise design procedure of RC snubbers is discussed by normalization and numerical calculation. This procedure is summarized in easy-to-use nomographs.
A New Commercial X-Ray Projection Microscope<sup>*</sup> (1960)

Abstract A recently developed Dutch commercial projection X-ray microscope will be described. The principal features are: simplified focusing by using reflected electrons, four different target materials exchangeable during operation, and hlnocular viewing of either the specimen itself or the fluorescent image. The specimen and film chamber is evacuated and the voltage is variable between 5 and 20 kv. Some results will be shown.
Oxygen Tolerance of the H2-sensing [NiFe] Hydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha H16 Is Based on Limited Access of Oxygen to the Active Site (2005)

Hydrogenases, abundant proteins in the microbial world, catalyze cleavage of H2 into protons and electrons or the evolution of H2 by proton reduction. Hydrogen metabolism predominantly occurs in anoxic environments mediated by hydrogenases, which are sensitive to inhibition by oxygen. Those microorganisms, which thrive in oxic habitats, contain hydrogenases that operate in the presence of oxygen. We have selected the H2-sensing regulatory [NiFe] hydrogenase of Ralstonia eutropha H16 to investigate the molecular background of its oxygen tolerance. Evidence is presented that the shape and size of the intramolecular hydrophobic cavities leading to the [NiFe] active site of the regulatory hydrogenase are crucial for oxygen insensitivity. Expansion of the putative gas channel by site-directed mutagenesis yielded mutant derivatives that are sensitive to inhibition by oxygen, presumably because the active site has become accessible for oxygen. The mutant proteins revealed characteristics typical of standard [NiFe] hydrogenases as described for Desulfovibrio gigas and Allochromatium vinosum. The data offer a new strategy how to engineer oxygen-tolerant hydrogenases for biotechnological application.
In Situ and Time-Resolved Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Observation of Star Polymer Formation via Arm-Linking Reaction in Ruthenium-Catalyzed Living Radical Polymerization (2010)

In situ and time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was employed for the elucidation of star polymer formation mechanism via linking reaction of living linear polymers in ruthenium-catalyzed living radical polymerization. Here, methyl methacrylate (MMA) was first polymerized with R−Cl/RuCl2(PPh3)3/tribuylamine (n-Bu3N) initiating system, followed by the addition of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA: 3) as a linking agent. After the in situ addition of a small amount of 3 to living linear PMMA, the SANS analysis revealed the following three steps: (process II-1) formation of block copolymers (4) and competitive formation of the small star polymers via the linking reaction of 4 and 4; (process II-2) star−star linking of the small star polymers into star polymers and putting 4 into the core of the star polymers, leading to formation of the microgel-core star polymers; (process II-3) growth of the microgel-core star polymers (5) via placement of 4 into the microgel-core star polymers. Furthermore, the SANS profiles, obtained as a function of polymerization time, were quantitatively analyzed with a core−shell spherical model in order to determine the microstructures of the star polymers: The final reaction product had an average radius of microgel-core (∼1 nm), and average arm numbers N ∼ 17.
Positron emission tomography of large rock samples using a multiring PET instrument (1997)

The technique of positron emission tomography (PET) is well established in the field of medical imaging. Non-medical applications have also been shown to be valuable in the measurement of dynamic chemical processes, specifically in the determination of the characteristics of small rock samples. Since rock is more dense than tissue, the problems of attenuation and scatter are accentuated. However, we are able to show that measurement of porosity in a large rock sample (21.5 cm diameter) is indeed practicable using three-dimensional (3-D) acquisition techniques. Due to multiple scattering of the photons in the rock and the cylindrical symmetry of the experiment, we measured a scatter distribution which is approximately homogeneous, allowing a correction for scattered radiation with a simple method. The problems of determining attenuation coefficients and applying a scatter correction makes absolute quantisation difficult. However, relative changers in porosity within the sample can be measured with a spatial resolution not appreciably different from that in water.
Class of stable multistate time-reversible cellular automata with rich particle content (1991)

An alternative class of stable multistate cellular automata (CA) is derived. They serve to significantly extend the two-state, time-irreversible CA proposed by Park, Steiglitz, and Thurston [Physica D 19, 423 (1986)]. These CA are time-reversible dynamical systems possessing an enormous array of coherent particlelike structures. The particle-interaction picture is surprisingly rich and includes particle production as well.
Spin-dependent transmission of low-energy electrons through ultrathin magnetic layers (1994)

We present an experiment in which the attenuation of a spin-polarized free electron beam is measured by direct transmission through an ultrathin ferromagnetic layer. The self-supported metal target consists of a 1-nm-thick cobalt film sandwiched between 21- and 2-nm-thick gold layers. Measurements are performed throughout a wide energy range (incident electron energies from 4 eV to 50 eV above the Fermi level). At low energy, close to the clean surface vacuum level, we find that the transmission coefficient of minority spin electrons is about 0.7 times that of majority spin electrons.
Catenation through a Combination of Radical Templation and Ring-Closing Metathesis (2015)

Synthesis of an electrochemically addressable [2]catenane has been achieved following formation by templation of a [2]pseudorotaxane employing radically enhanced molecular recognition between the bisradical dication obtained on reduction of the tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), and the radical cation generated on reduction of a viologen disubstituted with p-xylylene units, both carrying tetraethylene glycol chains terminated by allyl groups. This inclusion complex was subjected to olefin ring-closing metathesis, which was observed to proceed under reduced conditions, to mechanically interlock the two components. Upon oxidation, Coulombic repulsion between the positively charged and mechanically interlocked components results in the adoption of a co-conformation where the newly formed alkene resides inside the cavity of the tetracationic cyclophane. (1)H NMR spectroscopic analysis of this hexacationic [2]catenane shows a dramatic upfield shift of the resonances associated with the olefinic and allylic protons as a result of them residing inside the tetracationic component. Further analysis shows high diastereoselectivity during catenation, as only a single (Z)-isomer is formed.
Sequential Synthetic Aperture Sonar System-A Prototype of a Synthetic Aperture Sonar System (1977)

A prototype of a synthetic aperture sonar system is presented which displays computationally reconstructed images on a CRT. The image information is obtained sequentially by the scanning in twodimensions of a transmitter-receiver unit which produces and detects pulsed ultrasonic waves. The system consists of the scanning transmitter-receiver unit, computing parts designed especially for image reconstruction, IC memory devices and a display unit including a CRT. The signal processing and the control of each part of the system are carried out computationally. The system repeats at each sampling point the processes of registration of the received signal, image reconstruction from the dataand display of the sequentially synthesized image. Typically, ultrasonic waves of 1 MHz are used in water, and the images for the case of scanning along a circle of 40 mm diameter are obtained in less than a minute. With the system described in this paper, various fundamental characteristics of synthetic aperture sonar are verified experimentally. In addition, a practical imaging effect similar to zooming in a TV camera is shown as an example of the versatility of the system.
Randomized terminal linker-dependent PCR: a versatile and sensitive method for detection of DNA damage. (2002)

DNA strand breakage can be detected sensitively in the gene level by RDPCR. Any lesion that blocks primer extension should be detectable.
Monitoring the Presence of Ionic Mercury in Environmental Water by Plasmon-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy (2013)

We demonstrate the ppt-level single-step selective monitoring of the presence of mercury ions (Hg2+) dissolved in environmental water by plasmon-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy. We combined a nanogap-optimized mid-infrared plasmonic structure with mercury-binding DNA aptamers to monitor in-situ the spectral evolution of the vibrational signal of the DNA induced by the mercury binding. Here, we adopted single-stranded thiolated 15-base DNA oligonucleotides that are immobilized on the Au surface and show strong specificity to Hg2+. The mercury-associated distinct signal is located apart from the biomolecule-associated broad signals and is selectively characterized. For example, with natural water from Lake Kasumigaura (Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan), direct detection of Hg2+ with a concentration as low as 37 ppt (37 × 10−10%) was readily demonstrated, indicating the high potential of this simple method for environmental and chemical sensing of metallic species in aqueous solution.
Approaches to topic identification on the switchboard corpus (2002)

Topic identification (TID) is the automatic classification of speech messages into one of a known set of possible topics. The TID task can be view as having three principal components: 1) event generation, 2) keyword event selection, and 3) topic modeling. Using data from the Switchboard corpus, the authors present experimental results for various approaches to the TID problem and compare the relative effectiveness of each. In addition, they examine the effect of keyword set size on identification accuracy and gauge the loss in performance when mismatched topic modeling and keyword selection schemes are used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hereditary Proteinuria Syndromes and Mechanisms of Proteinuria (2006)

This review summarizes recent advances in our knowledge of the glomerular filter and the causes of hereditary proteinuria syndromes.
Power load forecasting using adaptive fuzzy inference neural networks (2012)

Load forecasting is a critical element of power system operation and planning, involving prediction of the future level of demand to serve as the basis for supply and demand planning. This includes planning for transmission and distribution facilities as well as new generation plants. This paper presents the development of a novel hybrid intelligent model and validates its prediction on the short-term electric load forecasting of the Power System of the Greek Island of Crete. The architecture and learning scheme of a novel fuzzy logic system (AFINN) implemented in the framework of a neural network is proposed. The network constructs its initial rules by clustering while the final fuzzy rule base is determined by competitive learning. The results corresponding to the minimum and maximum load time-series indicate that the proposed load forecasting model provides significantly accurate forecasts, compared to conventional neural networks models.
Digital imaging of clear-sky polarization (1998)

If digital images of clear daytime or twilight skies are acquired through a linear polarizing filter, they can be combined to produce high-resolution maps of skylight polarization. Here polarization P and normalized Stokes parameter Q are measured near sunset at one inland and two coastal sites. Maps that include the principal plane consistently show that the familiar Arago and Babinet neutral points are part of broader areas in which skylight polarization is often indistinguishably different from zero. A simple multiple-scattering model helps explain some of these polarization patterns.
Correlating Differences in Larval Survival and Development of Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Differential Expression of Cry1A(c) δ-Endotoxin in Various Plant Parts Among Commercial Cultivars of Transgenic <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> Cotton (2001)

Differences in larval survival and development of bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), respectively, were found to exist among commercially available Cry1A(c) transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) varieties. Using a quantification assay (ELISA) to measure the levels of delta-endotoxin in two of these varieties ('DP 451B/RR' and 'NuCOTN 33B'), differences in the amount of delta-endotoxin present in various plant parts was correlated with larval survival of bollworms and larval development of fall armyworms throughout the growing season. Larvae that were fed on DP 451B/RR completed development faster and exhibited better survivorship than those larvae fed NuCOTN 33B, whereas lower levels of delta-endotoxin were generally detected in plant parts from DP 451B/RR compared with NuCOTN 33B. These differences may impact population dynamics of these pests which may be a critical factor in managing resistance to Bt. Furthermore, the utility of using this system for providing information to the grower concerning varietal choices may be more common in the future.
Performance of a New Implantable Cardiac Assist Centrifugal Pump (2001)

The AB-180 is a new implantable centrifugal pump with a low volume dome (10 ml) and a local heparin delivery system which avoids systemic heparinization. This study focuses on its hemodynamic performance. We analyzed 3 anesthetized calves (71.0 +/- 2.5 kg), equipped with arterial pressure (AP), and Swan-Ganz and left atrial pressure (LAP) catheters. The AB-180 pump was installed through a left thoracotomy, with a transmitral left ventricular (LV) inflow cannula inserted via the left appendage and an outflow tract sutured to the descending aorta. LAP, AP, and blood flow across the pump were recorded for various pump speed and in different preload conditions (right atrial pressure = 4, 7, and 10 mm Hg, respectively). The pump significantly unloaded the left heart cavities and was able to increase the mean AP. For an RAP of 10 mm Hg, running the pump at 4,500 rpm decreased the LAP from 11.0 +/- 0.8 mm Hg to 3.0 +/- 0.8 mm Hg (p < 0.001) and augmented the mean AP from 48.2 +/- 6.4 mm Hg to 80.8 +/- 12.1 mm Hg (p < 0.001). A maximal pump flow of 5.6 +/- 0.2 L/min was obtained under these conditions. In addition to the advantage of its particular design, the AB-180 can be considered as an efficient left ventricular assist device (LVAD). It significantly unloads the left heart cavities and ensures efficient systemic AP and blood flow.
The Rhetoric and Reality of Anthropomorphism in Artificial Intelligence (2019)

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has historically been conceptualized in anthropomorphic terms. Some algorithms deploy biomimetic designs in a deliberate attempt to effect a sort of digital isomorphism of the human brain. Others leverage more general learning strategies that happen to coincide with popular theories of cognitive science and social epistemology. In this paper, I challenge the anthropomorphic credentials of the neural network algorithm, whose similarities to human cognition I argue are vastly overstated and narrowly construed. I submit that three alternative supervised learning methods—namely lasso penalties, bagging, and boosting—offer subtler, more interesting analogies to human reasoning as both an individual and a social phenomenon. Despite the temptation to fall back on anthropomorphic tropes when discussing AI, however, I conclude that such rhetoric is at best misleading and at worst downright dangerous. The impulse to humanize algorithms is an obstacle to properly conceptualizing the ethical challenges posed by emerging technologies.
Placement and average interconnection lengths of computer logic (1979)

The length of the interconnections for a placement of logic gates is an important variable in the estimation of wiring space requirements, delay values, and power dissipation. A formula for an upper bound on expected average interconnection length, based on partitioning results, is given for linear and square arrays of gates. This upper bound gives significantly lower interconnection length than the bound based upon random placement. Actual placements give average interconnection lengths of about half the upper bound given by theory.
Development and evaluation of an F2 laser for immersion interference lithography at 157nm (2005)

A two-beam interference lithography system based on a line-selected F2 laser has been developed. Resist patterns with a 60nm line and space (L&S) resolution were produced by the interferometer by F2 immersion lithography. The F2 laser performance had been especially optimized for this application. The spectral emission at the 157.53nm line was less than 1% of the main line emission at 157.63nm. The main line had a deconvolved spectral bandwidth of 0.84 pm (full width at half maximum (FWHM)). The degree of horizontal linear polarization was above 0.73 and the visibility of spatial coherence was larger than 0.83 at a pinhole distance of 0.1mm.
Analysis of DC Noise in Thin Film Media (2004)

Uniform magnetization (dc) noise is studied using numerically generated arrays of grains. The effects of packing fraction, grain size distribution, and anisotropy orientation are examined. From electron microscopy results, in this initial study, the intergranular grain boundary separation is held fixed. In general, the dc noise increases with increasing grain size distribution and decreases with increasing packing fraction. For a planar random anisotropy distribution, the noise is about an order of magnitude larger than that for well-oriented media. For typical parameters, the dc noise can be less than the transition noise for oriented media and is always significantly larger for planar random media.
A Second-Generation Radical-Based Synthesis of (+)-7-Deoxypancratistatin (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Second-Generation Radical-Based Synthesis of (+)-7-Deoxypancratistatin†Gary E. Keck, Travis T. Wager, and Stanton F. McHardyView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 25, 9164–9165Publication Date (Web):November 21, 1998Publication History Received17 September 1998Published online21 November 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo981890shttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo981890srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views882Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Cyclization,Lactones,Organic reactions,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts