gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site-specific DNA double-strand breaks greatly increase stable transformation efficiency in Trypanosoma brucei (2009)

Genetic manipulation in African trypanosomes typically relies upon electroporation with chromosomal integration of DNA constructs by homologous recombination. Relatively little is known about chromosomal recombination and repair in these organisms however and low transformation efficiency and position effects can limit forward genetic approaches. In yeast and mammalian cells, site-specific DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) stimulate targeted integration through homologous recombination-based repair where the exogenous DNA serves as the template. We have explored the effect of DSBs on targeted integration in bloodstream-form Trypanosoma brucei, focusing on the ribosomal RNA-spacer target commonly used to integrate recombinant constructs. DSB-repair within the ribosomal RNA tandem gene-repeats is likely dominated by single-strand annealing allowing approximately 80% of cells to survive the break. In the presence of exogenous DNA, transformation efficiency is increased approximately 250-fold by DSB-induction. In the example presented, more than 1% of cells that survive the procedure were transformed generating 80,000 transformants from a typical experiment.
Semiconductor properties of polyacetylene <i>p</i>-(CH)<i>x</i> : <i>n</i>-CdS heterojunctions (1980)

T r a n s:(CH)x:n-CdS heterojunctions have been fabricated and used to study the properties of undoped trans-polyacetylene. The I-V data show rectifying behavior characteristic of a p-n junction diode, thus confirming that as-grown polyacetylene is p type. From C-V characteristics we infer a residual acceptor concentration in as-grown films of p-(CH)x of NA?2×1018 cm−3. Depletion has been studied in the polymer by using CdS of different doping concentrations. Detailed studies of the photovoltaic response at energies below Eg for (CH)x imply the existence of a meta-stable deep trap in the polymer with energy near the center of the gap. The threshold energy for pumping into this level provides an independent measurement of the energy gap, Eg=1.45 eV.
Plasma charge sensor for in-process, non-contact monitoring of the laser welding process (1996)

Laser keyhole welding is an important modern manufacturing technology. During such welding a plasma cloud is generated and the behaviour of this plasma is closely coupled to the behaviour of the weld. The plasma behaviour has been observed during welding through measurement of the space charge voltage induced on an electrically insulated welding nozzle, the plasma charge sensor (PCS). It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that the induced voltage is a measure of plasma temperature and thus of the welding performance. In particular, it is shown under laboratory conditions that the PCS signal can measure weld penetration and detect a wide range of weld defects.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Proprietary Alpha-Amylase Inhibitor from White Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on Weight and Fat Loss in Humans (2018)

The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the evidence for the effectiveness of a proprietary alpha-amylase inhibitor from white bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) supplementation interventions in humans on modification of body weight and fat mass. A systematic literature search was performed using three databases: PubMed, the Cochrane collaboration, and Google Scholar. In addition, the manufacturer was contacted for internal unpublished data, and finally, the reference section of relevant original research and review papers were mined for additional studies. Eleven studies were selected for the meta-analysis of weight loss (a total of 573 subjects), and three studies for the meta-analysis of body fat reduction (a total of 110 subjects), as they fulfilled the inclusion criteria. <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> supplementation showed an average effect on weight loss difference of −1.08 kg (95% CI (confidence interval), −0.42 kg to −1.16 kg, <i>p</i> < 0.00001), and the average effect on body fat reduction was 3.26 kg (95% CI, −2.35 kg to −4.163 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.02). This meta-analysis found statistically significant effects of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> supplementation on body weight and body fat.
Analysis and efficient implementation of partitioned block LMS adaptive filters (1996)

The frequency domain block LMS (FBLMS) algorithm used for efficient implementation of adaptive filters whose length may exceed a few thousands of taps is explored further by Asharif et al. (1980). To reduce the latency of such filters, it has been proposed that the adaptive filter convolution sum be partitioned into a few smaller sums and then the FBLMS be applied. We show that the scheme proposed by Asharif et al. suffers from a serious eigenvalue spread problem. We identify the source of this problem and propose a solution to that.
A microfluidic platform for high-sensitivity, real-time drug screening on C. elegans and parasitic nematodes (2011)

This paper describes a new microfluidic platform for screening drugs and their dose response on the locomotion behavior of free living nematodes and parasitic nematodes. The system offers a higher sensitivity drug screening chip which employs a combination of existing and newly developed methods. Real-time observation of the entire drug application process (i.e. the innate pre-exposure locomotion, the transient response during drug exposure and the time-resolved, post-exposure behavior) at a single worm resolution is made possible. The chip enables the monitoring of four nematode parameters (number of worms responsive, number of worms leaving the drug well, average worm velocity and time until unresponsiveness). Each parameter generates an inherently different dose response; allowing for a higher resolution when screening for resistance. We expect this worm chip could be used as a robust cross species, cross drug platform. Existing nematode motility and migration assays do not offer this level of sophistication. The device comprises two principal components: behavioral microchannels to study nematode motility and a drug well for administering the dose and observing drug effects as a function of exposure time. The drug screening experiment can be described by three main steps: (i) 'pre-exposure study'- worms are inserted into the behavioral channels and their locomotion is characterized, (ii) 'dose exposure'- worms are guided from the behavioral microchannels into the drug well and held for a predefined time, during which time their transient response to the dose is characterized and (iii) 'post-exposure study'- worms are guided back into the behavioral microchannels where their locomotion (i.e. their time-resolved response to the dose) is characterized and compared to pre-exposure motility. The direction of nematodes' movement is reliably controlled by the application of an electric field within a defined range. Control experiments (e.g. in the absence of any drug) confirm that the applied electric fields do not affect the worms' motility or viability. We demonstrate the workability of the microfluidic platform on free living Caenorhabditis elegans (wild-type N2 and levamisole resistant ZZ15 lev-8) and parasitic Oesophagotomum dentatum (levamisole-sensitive, SENS and levamisole-resistant, LEVR) using levamisole (a well-studied anthelmintic) as the test drug. The proposed scheme of drug screening on a microfluidic device is expected to significantly improve the resolution, sensitivity and data throughput of in vivo testing, while offering new details on the transient and time-resolved exposure effects of new and existing anthelmintics.
The ARBAC97 model for role-based administration of roles (1999)

In role-based access control (RBAC), permissions are associated with roles' and users are made members of roles, thereby acquiring the roles; permissions. RBAC's motivation is to simplify administration of authorizations. An appealing possibility is to use RBAC itself to manage RBAC, to further provide administrative convenience and scalability, especially in decentralizing administrative authority, responsibility, and chores. This paper describes the motivation, intuition, and formal definition of a new role-based model for RBAC administration. This model is called ARBAC97 (administrative RBAC '97) and has three components: URA97 (user-role assignment '97), RPA97 (permission-role assignment '97), and RRA97 (role-role assignment '97) dealing with different aspects of RBAC administration. URA97, PRA97, and an outline of RRA97 were defined in 1997, hence the designation given to the entire model. RRA97 was completed in 1998. ARBAC97 is described completely in this paper for the first time. We also discusses possible extensions of ARBAC97.
Gold-nanoparticle-based miniaturized laser-induced fluorescence probe for specific DNA hybridization detection: studies on size-dependent optical properties (2006)

A compact, highly specific, inexpensive and user friendly optical fibre laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor based on fluorescence quenching by nanoparticles has been developed to detect single-strand (ss-) DNA hybridization at femtomolar level. The fluorescence of fluorophore-tagged ss-DNA increases by a factor of 80 when it binds to a complimentary DNA, while the addition of single-base mismatch DNA had no effect on the fluorescence efficiency. We present theoretical and experimental results on dye fluorescence quenching induced by gold nanoparticles having different particle sizes. Fluorescence spectra clearly show that the quenching efficiency decreases with increasing size of the gold nanoparticles and increasing the distance between dye and nanoparticles. The mechanism of size- and distant-dependent fluorescence quenching has been discussed. Effects of various influential experimental parameters and configurations were investigated in order to optimize and miniaturize the sensor performance.
Electron Microscopy of Clay Surfaces (1954)

Abstract Improvements in replica techniques have made possible the high magnification study of textural characteristics and surface features of clay aggregrates found either in nature or in the laboratory. The most successful method of sample preparation involves pre-shadowing the specimen with platinum and backing this with a layer of carbon prior to removal of the clay with a suitable solvent. Data on orientation and packing of clay particles are readily obtained. The method is useful to investigate clays in which the characteristic morphology is easily affected by environmental conditions or by sample preparation for other methods of study. Replicas of kaolinite indicate that many of the pseudohexagonal plates seen in electron micrographs are cleavage fragments. Investigations of halloysite (4 H 2 O) using this technique prove that the tubes exist as such in the bulk clay. Striations on montmorillonite flakes that intersect at an angle of sixty degrees suggest a degree of morphological crystallinity that is apparently destroyed when the material is dispersed prior to study in the electron microscope. Replicas of dickite, attapulgite and weathered feldspar also show features that have not heretofore been seen in electron micrographs.
Transforming Growth Factor β-1 Induces Snail Transcription Factor in Epithelial Cell Lines (2003)

The Snail transcription factor has been described recently as a strong repressor of E-cadherin in epithelial cell lines, where its stable expression leads to the loss of E-cadherin expression and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and an invasive phenotype. The mechanisms regulating Snail expression in development and tumor progression are not yet known. We show here that transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta1) induces Snail expression in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transitions by a mechanism dependent on the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, TGFbeta1 induces the activity of Snail promoter, whereas fibroblast growth factor-2 has a milder effect but cooperates with TGFbeta1 in the induction of Snail promoter. Interestingly, TGFbeta1-mediated induction of Snail promoter is blocked by a dominant negative form of H-Ras (N17Ras), whereas oncogenic H-Ras (V12Ras) induces Snail promoter activity and synergistically cooperates with TGFbeta1. The effects of TGFbeta1 on Snail promoter are dependent of MEK1/2 activity but are apparently independent of Smad4 activity. In addition, H-Ras-mediated induction of Snail promoter, alone or in the presence of TGFbeta1, depends on both MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activities. These data support that MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways are implicated in TGFbeta1-mediated induction of Snail promoter, probably through Ras activation and its downstream effectors.
New electron acceptors: synthesis, electrochemistry, and radical anions of N,7,7-tricyanoquinomethanimines and x-ray crystal structures of the trimethyl and tetramethyl derivatives (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew electron acceptors: synthesis, electrochemistry, and radical anions of N,7,7-tricyanoquinomethanimines and x-ray crystal structures of the trimethyl and tetramethyl derivativesMartin R. Bryce, Stephen R. Davies, Andrew M. Grainger, Michael B. Hursthouse, Mohammed Mazid, Rainer Bachmann, Fabian Gerson, and Jonas HellbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 6, 1690–1696Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00032a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00032a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1476Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
High-Linearity RF Amplifier Design (2000)

From the Publisher:
Based on the author's real-world design experience in this key emerging area, this is the first single comprehensive guide to examine and directly compare all major RF power amplifier linearization techniques in detail. Packed with practical tips, more than 250 illustrations, and over 600 verified equations, the book saves you valuable design time while helping you avoid costly design errors. It covers the modeling and measurement of amplifier non-linearity, and describes the main methods for overcoming non-linearity in a wide range of applications, including: 

> base stations using feedforward and predistortion

> mobile communications systems and handsets using RF or digital predistortion, cartesian loop, LINC and envelope elimination and restoration (EE&R )

> satellite systems using any of these techniques
Self-focusing, channel formation, and high-energy ion generation in interaction of an intense short laser pulse with a He jet (1999)

Using interferometry, we investigate the dynamics of interaction of a relativistically intense 4-TW, 400-fs laser pulse with a He gas jet. We observe a stable plasma channel 1 mm long and less than 30 microm in diameter, with a radial gradient of electron density approximately 5 x 10(22) cm(-4) and with an on-axis electron density approximately ten times less than its maximum value of 8 x 10(19) cm(-3). A high radial velocity of the surrounding gas ionization of approximately 3.8 x 10(8) cm/s has been observed after the channel formation, and it is attributed to the fast ions expelled from the laser channel and propagating radially outward. We developed a kinetic model which describes the plasma channel formation and the subsequent ambient gas excitation and ionization. Comparing the model predictions with the interferometric data, we reconstructed the axial profile of laser channel and on-axis laser intensity. The estimated maximum energy of accelerated ions is about 500 keV, and the total energy of the fast ions is 5% of the laser pulse energy.
Frequency Domain Adaptive Filter using FFT Algorithm for Acoustic Echo Cancellation (2010)

Adaptive Filters are generally implemented in the time domain which works well in most scenarios however in many applications the impulse response becomes too long, increasing the complexity of the filter beyond a level where it can no longer be implemented efficiently in the time domain. An example of where this can happen would be in acoustic echo cancellation applications in hands free telephony. However there exists an alternative solution and that is to implement the filters in the frequency domain. The Discrete Fourier Transform or more specifically the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) allows the conversion of signals from the time domain to the frequency domain in an efficient manner. Acoustic echo cancellation of the frequency domain adaptive filter is compared with time domain adaptive filter. Again results are compared for both frequency domain and time domain adaptive filters with different step sizes.
Benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrrole derivatives via intramolecular cycloaddition and solvolytic ring expansion (1975)

M. T. Cox, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1975, 903 DOI: 10.1039/C39750000903
ADDITION OF DIPHENYLPHOSPHINE TO MALEIC ANHYDRIDE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1990)

Abstract A Michael addition of secondary phosphines to activated olefins containing the ethenedione moiety such as maleic anhydride, maleic ester and dibenzoylethene leads to functionalised tertiary phosphines. Reactions of activated olefins which contain a carboxylic group do not lead to the expected adducts; instead, phosphonium salts are formed by a sequence of reactions. A hydrogen shift plays a crucial role both in the reaction that leads to the adduct and in the reaction that leads to the phosphonium salt. Phosphinosuccinic anhydrides and phosphinosuccinic esters can be transformed into the corresponding succinic acids. Decarboxylation of phosphinosuccinic acids leads to phosphinopropionic acids.
The Performance Assessment of Special Observation Program (ProbeX-2009) and the Analysis on the Characteristics of Precipitation at the Ulleungdo (2011)

The performance assessment in radiosonde observation on the special observation program (ProbeX-2009) is performed and the characteristics of precipitation using Auto Weather System (AWS) and radiosonde data in 2009 at the Ulleungdo are investigated. The launching time, observation time, and maximum altitude of radiosonde are satisfied with the regulation from Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and World Meteorological Organization (WMO) but the duration of observational time of radiosonde is much shorter than that of the ProbeX-2007 because the altitude of launching site is higher than others in 2007. From the analysis of trajectories of radiosonde, most radiosondes at the Ulleungdo tend to move into the east because the westerly prevail at the middle latitude. However, when the Okhotsk high is expanded to the Korean peninsula and the north-westerly winds strengthen over the East Sea as the subtropical high is retreated, radiosonde tends to move into the south-west and south-east, respectively. Maximum distance appears at the end of observation level before May but the level of maximum distance is changed into 100 hPa after June because the prevailing wind direction is reversed from westerly to easterly at the stratosphere during summer time. The condition of precipitation was more correlated with the dynamic instability except Changma season. Precipitation in 2009 at the Ulleungdo occurred under the marine climate so that total precipitation amounts and precipitation intensity were increased and intensified during nighttime. The local environment favorable for the precipitation during nighttime was while the wind speed at the surface and the inflow from the shoreline were strengthened. Precipitation events also affected by synoptic condition but the localized effect induced by topography was more strengthened at the northern part of Ulleungdo.
On chip detection of electrogenerated chemiluminescence of Ru(bpy) at Pt interdigitated microelectrode arrays (2002)

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) from a solution of ruthenium (II) tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) Ru(bpy)/sub 3//sup 2+/ generated at an interdigitated microelectrode array (IDA) and detected with an on-chip integrated silicon photodiode is reported. This novel approach combines the analytical properties of IDAs with the high sensitivity and selectivity of ECL reactions, together with the convenience in using an integrated photometric device.
Interventions for Stigma Reduction–Part 1: Theoretical Considerations (2012)

Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development aims to enhance knowledge in the field of disability and inclusive development, addressing the needs of practitioners, policy makers, DPOs and the scientific community.
Fabrication of waveguides using low-temperature plasma processing techniques (1993)

The proliferation of the use of light as the transfer medium in communications has brought about some unique technical challenges. Among these is the development of devices that route optical signals at points where optoelectronic conversions are necessary. In this article we discuss the fabrication of silicon oxide waveguides on silicon substrates, describing low-temperature plasma deposition processes and the relationship between crucial optical parameters of the films and the significant processing parameters. The waveguides are buried-ridge, single-mode waveguide structures fabricated using two deposition techniques: plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. We will present the plasma deposition conditions established to control the two refractive index differences (Δn) of 0.065 and 0.020 between the guiding and cladding layers for two different waveguide designs. Uniformity of the Δn as a function of plasma conditions and dopant species will be presented for the guiding layer. The analytical techniques used to evaluate the properties of the guiding layers doped with fluorine and nitrogen consisted of Auger spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and prism coupling techniques. In addition, we will present the plasma etching conditions required to fabricate of the waveguiding ridge structures. The etch rates and uniformities obtained in two different reactors using either SF6 or CF4 chemistries will be discussed.