gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-37 Enhances the Suppressive Activity of Naturally Occurring CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells (2016)

Naturally occurring CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for the suppression of autoimmunity and can control the immune-mediated pathology during the early phase of sepsis. Our previous data showed that silencing interleukin-37 (IL-37) in human CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> Tregs obviously reduced the suppressive activity of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> Tregs. Here, we found that rhIL-37 stimulation markedly enhanced the suppressive activity of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> Tregs isolated from naive C57BL/6 J mice in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Treatment with rhIL-37 could significantly upregulate the expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3 (Foxp3) on CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> Tregs. Also, rhIL-37 stimulation promoted the production of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) but not IL-10 in the supernatants of cultured CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> Tregs. Pretreated CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> Tregs with rhIL-37 in the presence or absence of LPS were cocultured with CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>-</sup> T cells, ratio of IL-4/interferon-γ in the supernatants obviously increased in IL-37-stimulated groups. In addition, early administration of IL-37 significantly improved the survival rate of septic mice induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Taken together, we concluded that rhIL-37 enhances the suppressive activity of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> Tregs and might be a potential immunomodulator for the treatment of septic complications.
New generation of polycapillary lenses: manufacture and applications (2003)

Abstract A polycapillary x‐ray lens is an effective element for radiation control. However, owing to the influence of several factors (efficiency of radiation capture by the capillary, absorption of radiation during its propagation through the capillary, etc.), a photon energy exists at which the lens has a maximum efficiency. The value of this energy is mainly determined by the diameter of the individual capillaries. In this paper, a new generation of polycapillary lenses with a combined structure is proposed. The developed lens consists of structures with different channel sizes and glass types. Capillary channels with larger sizes transport radiation of lower energies more effectively and capillary channels with smaller sizes transport radiation of higher energies more effectively. A comparison of the characteristic parameters of conventional lenses with a homogeneous structure and of new lenses with a combined structure was carried out. Examples of applications of these new lenses are given. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Si <sub>3</sub> N <sub>4</sub> /Carbon Fiber Composites with Aligned Microstructure Produced by a Seeding and Extrusion Method (2004)

Si 3 N 4 /carbon fiber composites have been produced with and without seeding by an extrusion and sintering process. In both cases the carbon fibers were aligned along the direction of extrusion, but the Si 3 N 4 grains were only aligned in the seeded material. The mechanical properties of the specimens showed anisotropy with respect to the grain alignment, with both strength and toughness being highest in the direction parallel to the extruding direction. In this direction the seeded specimen, where both the Si 3 N 4 grains and the carbon fibers were aligned, showed both higher fracture toughness and higher fracture strength than the nonseeded specimen where only the fibers were aligned.
American Heart Association Guidelines for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Beginning in Childhood (2003)

HomeCirculationVol. 107, No. 11American Heart Association Guidelines for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Beginning in Childhood
A GLRT approach to data-aided timing acquisition in UWB radios-Part I: algorithms (2005)

Realizing the great potential of impulse radio communications depends critically on the success of timing acquisition. To this end, optimum data-aided (DA) timing offset estimators are derived in this paper based on the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. Specifically, generalized likelihood ratio tests (GLRTs) are employed to detect an ultrawideband (UWB) waveform propagating through dense multipath and to estimate the associated timing and channel parameters in closed form. Capitalizing on the pulse repetition pattern, the GLRT boils down to an amplitude estimation problem, based on which closed-form timing acquisition estimates can be obtained without invoking any line search. The proposed algorithms only employ digital samples collected at a low symbol rate, thus reducing considerably the implementation complexity and acquisition time. Analytical acquisition performance bounds and corroborating simulations are also provided.
Real-time Monocular Object SLAM (2015)

We present a real-time object-based SLAM system that leverages the largest object database to date. Our approach comprises two main components: 1) a monocular SLAM algorithm that exploits object rigidity constraints to improve the map and find its real scale, and 2) a novel object recognition algorithm based on bags of binary words, which provides live detections with a database of 500 3D objects. The two components work together and benefit each other: the SLAM algorithm accumulates information from the observations of the objects, anchors object features to especial map landmarks and sets constrains on the optimization. At the same time, objects partially or fully located within the map are used as a prior to guide the recognition algorithm, achieving higher recall. We evaluate our proposal on five real environments showing improvements on the accuracy of the map and efficiency with respect to other state-of-the-art techniques.
Possibility of Direct Observation of Quantum Jumps (1985)

In a single-atom double-resonance experiment involving a strong and a weak transition, quantum jumps on the weak transition cause the fluorescence of the strong transition to turn on and off abruptly. The fluorescence is off when the weak transition is excited and on when it is not. Thus quantum jumps on the weak transition can be directly monitored by observation of the random telegraph signal radiated by the strong transition. We present here a simple theory of this effect for the case of incoherent excitation.
Rapid MR‐ARFI method for focal spot localization during focused ultrasound therapy (2010)

MR-guided focused ultrasound (FUS) is a noninvasive therapy for treating various pathologies. MR-based acoustic radiation force imaging (MR-ARFI) measures tissue displacement in the focal spot due to acoustic radiation force. MR-ARFI also provides feedback for adaptive focusing algorithms that could correct for phase aberrations caused by the skull during brain treatments. This work developed a single-shot echo-planar imaging-based MR-ARFI method that reduces scan time and ultrasound energy deposition. The new method was implemented and tested in a phantom and ex vivo brain tissue. The effect of the phase aberrations on the ultrasound focusing was studied using displacement maps obtained with echo-planar imaging and two-dimensional spin-warp MR-ARFI. The results show that displacement in the focal spot can be rapidly imaged using echo-planar imaging-based MR-ARFI with high signal-to-noise ratio efficiency and without any measurable tissue heating. Echo-planar imaging-based displacement images also demonstrate sufficient sensitivity to phase aberrations and can serve as rapid feedback for adaptive focusing in brain treatments and other applications.
Integrated expression analysis of muscle hypertrophy identifies Asb2 as a negative regulator of muscle mass (2016)

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling network is a critical regulator of skeletal muscle mass and function and, thus, is an attractive therapeutic target for combating muscle disease, but the underlying mechanisms of action remain undetermined. We report that follistatin-based interventions (which modulate TGF-β network activity) can promote muscle hypertrophy that ameliorates aging-associated muscle wasting. However, the muscles of old sarcopenic mice demonstrate reduced response to follistatin compared with healthy young-adult musculature. Quantitative proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of young-adult muscles identified a transcription/translation signature elicited by follistatin exposure, which included repression of ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 2 (<i>Asb2</i>). Increasing expression of ASB2 reduced muscle mass, thereby demonstrating that <i>Asb2</i> is a TGF-β network-responsive negative regulator of muscle mass. In contrast to young-adult muscles, sarcopenic muscles do not exhibit reduced ASB2 abundance with follistatin exposure. Moreover, preventing repression of ASB2 in young-adult muscles diminished follistatin-induced muscle hypertrophy. These findings provide insight into the program of transcription and translation events governing follistatin-mediated adaptation of skeletal muscle attributes and identify <i>Asb2</i> as a regulator of muscle mass implicated in the potential mechanistic dysfunction between follistatin-mediated muscle growth in young and old muscles.
Stem cell transplantation for neurodegenerative diseases (2007)

There are real prospects of stem cell technology having a place in clinical management of neurodegenerative conditions, but directing the differentiation of stem cells towards the appropriate neural phenotype remains a challenge. This is a relatively new and rapidly evolving area, and caution should be applied when advising patients.
Design, Synthesis, Structure–Function Relationship, Bioconversion, and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Ertapenem Prodrugs (2014)

Described here are synthesis and biological evaluations of diversified groups of over 57 ertapenem prodrugs which include alkyl, methylenedioxy, carbonate, cyclic carbonate, carbamate esters, and esters containing active transport groups (e.g., carboxyl, amino acid, fatty acids, cholesterol) and macrocyclic lactones linking the two carboxyl groups. Many of the prodrugs were rapidly hydrolyzed in rat plasma but not in human plasma and were stable in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. The diethyl ester prodrug showed the best total absorption (>30%) by intredeudenal dosing in dogs, which could potentially be improved by formulation development. However, its slow rate of the hydrolysis to ertapenem also led to the presence of large amounts of circulating monoester metabolites, which pose significant development challenges. This study also suggests that the size of susbtituents at C-2 of carbapenem (e.g., benzoic acid of ertapenem) has significant impact on the absorption and the hydrolysis of the prodrugs.
Big Data Based Security Analytics for Protecting Virtualized Infrastructures in Cloud Computing (2017)

Virtualized infrastructure in cloud computing has become an attractive target for cyberattackers to launch advanced attacks. This paper proposes a novel big data based security analytics approach to detecting advanced attacks in virtualized infrastructures. Network logs as well as user application logs collected periodically from the guest virtual machines (VMs) are stored in the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). Then, extraction of attack features is performed through graph-based event correlation and MapReduce parser based identification of potential attack paths. Next, determination of attack presence is performed through two-step machine learning, namely logistic regression is applied to calculate attack's conditional probabilities with respect to the attributes, and belief propagation is applied to calculate the belief in existence of an attack based on them. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed approach using well-known malware as well as in comparison with existing security techniques for virtualized infrastructure. The results show that our proposed approach is effective in detecting attacks with minimal performance overhead.
Stream control in networks with interfering MIMO links (2004)

A distributed algorithm, which exploits channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, is presented for determining the maximum number of independent data streams for each transmitting node in a network of interfering multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) links. Simulated throughputs for two simple network topologies show that the algorithm yields nearly optimal stream control. These closed-loop MIMO throughputs are compared to those of open-loop MIMO, with and without optimal stream control, and to the throughput when the links operate in a non-interfering, TDMA fashion.
The cytoplasmic dot staining pattern is detected in a subgroup of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. (2005)

A subset of patients with PBC have autoantibodies that produce the cytoplasmic dot staining pattern. These antibodies react with one or more as yet unidentified components of the mRNA processing body. Appreciation of the clinical significance of the cytoplasmic dot staining pattern may assist in appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients with PBC.
Marketing HRM: A Management Opportunity (1987)

The central tenet of this paper is that the philosophy, concepts and tools used by marketing managers provide a fresh approach to meeting the opportunities and challenges faced by human resource managers. A mar keting oriented human resource manager is considered more likely to make an impact on the success of a company, through being more effective in demonstrating the relevance of HRM to management team members, and helping other managers to increase their productivity.
Proresolving and Tissue-Protective Actions of Annexin A1–Based Cleavage-Resistant Peptides Are Mediated by Formyl Peptide Receptor 2/Lipoxin A4 Receptor (2013)

Endogenous mechanisms regulating the host response during inflammation resolution are critical in ensuring disposal of noxious stimuli and return to homeostasis. In this article, we engineered novel Annexin A1 (AnxA1)-based peptides, AnxA1(2-50), that displayed specific binding to the AnxA1 receptor (formyl peptide receptor 2/Lipoxin A4 receptor [FPR2/ALX]; IC50 ∼4 nM). Intravenous administration of AnxA1(2-50) markedly reduced (>60%) leukocyte adhesion to postcapillary venules in wild type and Fpr1(-/-), but not Fpr2/Alx(-/-), mice. Generation of a metabolically stable form of this peptide (CR-AnxA1(2-50)), engineered by substituting a cleavage site shared by human proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase, yielded an agonist that was resistant to neutrophil-mediated cleavage and displayed enhanced proresolving actions: accelerated resolution of self-limited inflammation and enhanced macrophage efferocytosis after sterile injury, when compared with AnxA1(2-50). These actions were retained with human primary leukocytes where CR-AnxA1(2-50) decreased neutrophil-endothelial interactions (∼25-45%), and stimulated neutrophil apoptosis and macrophage efferocytosis (∼45%). In murine cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, CR-AnxA1(2-50) elicited tissue-protective actions reducing infarct size (∼60%) and incidence of 24-h death. These results identify AnxA1(2-50) and CR-AnxA1(2-50) as FPR2/ALX agonists that harness the proresolving actions of AnxA1, and thus may represent therapeutic tools for treatment of inflammatory conditions.
Magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions with amorphous electrodes (2005)

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with amorphous CoFeB and Co/sub 2/MnSi electrodes were fabricated and examined. In the case of [Co/sub 90/Fe/sub 10/]/sub 100-x/B/sub x/, the x=32% boron addition reduces the magnetization by 30% compared to Co/sub 90/Fe/sub 10/, yet the reduction of the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) is over 95%. On the contrary, in the case of Co/sub (100-x-y)/Mn/sub x/Si/sub y/, although net magnetization is very small at room temperature, the TMR can be as large as 7%. The character of each metalloid (boron and silicon) could be responsible for the peculiar behavior to each system.
Synthese und Charakterisierung eines steifen Dendrimers mit hohem Molekulargewicht (1993)

Aus 94 Monomereinheiten besteht 1 , der größte bisher charakterisierte reine Kohlenwasserstoff (C 1134 H 1146 ). Die dank ihrer Di‐ tert ‐butylphenylgruppen enorm gut ‐ in Pentan (I) ‐lösliche Verbindung wurde aus der monodendronalen Vorstufe und Triiodbenzol unter Pd‐Katalyse in 37% Ausbeute erhalten. Elementaranalyse und 1 H‐NMR‐Spektren belegen eindeutig die rechts gezeigte Struktur. Die Striche zwischen den als ausgefüllte Kreise gezeichneten Benzolringen entsprechen CC‐Einheiten. magnified image
Comparative biomechanics: life's physical world (2004)

Why do you shift from walking to running at a particular speed? How can we predict transition speeds for animals of different sizes? Why must the flexible elastic of arterial walls behave differently than a rubber tube or balloon? How do leaves manage to expose a broad expanse of surface while suffering only a small fraction of the drag of flags in high winds? The field of biomechanics - how living things move and work - hasn't seen a new general textbook in more than two decades. Here a leading investigator and teacher lays out the key concepts of biomechanics using examples drawn from throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. Up-to-date and comprehensive, this is also the only book to give thorough coverage to both major subfields of biomechanics: fluid and solid mechanics. Steven Vogel explains how biomechanics makes use of models and methods drawn from physics and mechanical engineering to investigate a wide range of general questions - from how animals swim and fly and the modes of terrestrial locomotion to the way organisms respond to wind and water currents and the operation of circulatory and suspension-feeding systems. He looks also at the relationships between the properties of biological materials - spider silk, jellyfish jelly, muscle, and more - and their various structural and functional roles. While written primarily for biology majors and graduate students in biology, this text will be useful for physical scientists and engineers seeking a sense of the state of the art of biomechanics and a guide to its rather scattered literature. For a still wider audience, it establishes the basic biological context for such applied areas as ergonomics, orthopedics, mechanical prosthetics, kinesiology, sports medicine, and biomimetics.
Risk Factors for 30-Day Hospital Readmission in Patients ≥65 Years of Age (2008)

The objective of the study was to develop and validate predictors of 30-day hospital readmission using readily available administrative data and to compare prediction models that use alternate comorbidity classifications. A retrospective cohort study was designed; the models were developed in a two-thirds random sample and validated in the remaining one-third sample. The study cohort consisted of 29,292 adults aged 65 or older who were admitted from July 2002 to June 2004 to any of seven acute care hospitals in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area affiliated with the Baylor Health Care System. Demographic variables (age, sex, race), health system variables (insurance, discharge location, medical vs surgical service), comorbidity (classified by the Elixhauser classification or the High-Risk Diagnoses in the Elderly Scale), and geographic variables (distance from patient's residence to hospital and median income) were assessed by estimating relative risk and risk difference for 30-day readmission. Population-attributable risk was calculated. Results showed that age 75 or older, male sex, African American race, medical vs surgical service, Medicare with no other insurance, discharge to a skilled nursing facility, and specific comorbidities predicted 30-day readmission. Models with demographic, health system, and either comorbidity classification covariates performed similarly, with modest discrimination (C statistic, 0.65) and acceptable calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ² = 6.08; P > 0.24). Models with demographic variables, health system variables, and number of comorbid conditions also performed adequately. Discharge to long-term care (relative risk, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.80- 2.09) had the highest population-attributable risk of 30-day readmission (12.86%). A 25% threshold of predicted probability of 30-day readmission identified 4.1 % of patients ≥65 years old as priority patients for improved discharge planning. We conclude that elders with a high risk of 30-day hospital readmission can be identified early in their hospital course.
Patients with Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) May Have Elevated Serotonin Concentrations in Colonic Mucosa as Compared with Diarrhea-Predominant Patients and Subjects with Normal Bowel Habits (2001)

The mucosal 5-HT concentrations in the colon showed an ascending cephalocaudal gradient in all study groups. Although the mucosal 5-HT concentrations were elevated in patients with constipation-predominant IBS as compared with those with diarrhea-predominant IBS and the control subjects, further studies are necessary to determine whether the elevated mucosal 5-HT is a cause or a result of abnormal colonic motility.
Preparation of Nitro Compounds from Oximes. III. The Synthesis of Nitroalkanes (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Nitro Compounds from Oximes. III. The Synthesis of NitroalkanesDon C. Iffland and Teh-Fu YenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 16, 4083–4085Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01645a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01645a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views453Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Serum interleukin-2 levels in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (1991)

We examined serum interleukin 2 (IL-2) levels in 127 normal subjects and 22 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. There was no significant correlation between serum IL-2 levels and age. However, serum IL-2 levels in elderly normal subjects (older than 70 years of age) were significantly lower than in the younger normal subjects (younger than 30 years of age) (p less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum IL-2 levels between the patients with DAT and the age-matched normal controls. These results suggest that the changes of serum IL-2 levels in patients with DAT may be natural in the normal aging process.