gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual brush process for selective surface modification in graphoepitaxy directed self-assembly (2017)

Grapho-epitaxy directed self-assembly is a potential low-cost solution for patterning via layers with pitches beyond the reach of a single optical lithographic exposure. In this process, selective control of the interfacial energy at the bottom and sidewall of the template is an important but challenging exercise. In this work, a dual brush process is implemented, in which two brushes with distinct end-groups are consecutively grafted to the pre-pattern to achieve fully independent modification of the bottom and sidewall surface of the template. A comprehensive study of hole pattern quality shows that using a dual brush process leads to a substantial improvement in terms of positional and dimensional variability across the process window. These findings will be useful to others who wish to manipulate polymer-surface interactions in directed self-assembly flows.
A CBIR System for the Recognition of Agricultural Machinery (2018)

Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is a technique to obtain images based on visual characteristics like color, texture and shape.In this article, an analysis of different CBIR systems is presented; also an inventory system that allows content-based queries is proposed to help the employees of a company that sells agricultural machinery and spare parts, called AGROMAQ.This system identifies different products, all with the aim of reducing customer service time, since an expert is currently needed to identify them, which increases attention time not only in hours but also in days.
Effects of diffusion boundary layer on reaction kinetics of immunoassay in a biosensor (2008)

Specific binding reaction is a natural characteristic that is applied to design biosensors. This work simulates the binding reaction kinetics of two commonly used proteins, C-reactive protein and immunoglobulin G, in a reaction chamber (microchannel) of a biosensor. For a diffusion-limited protein, the diffusion boundary layer on the reaction surface of the biosensor would hinder the binding reaction from association and dissociation. Several crucial factors, which influence the binding reaction curves in the simulation, are discussed, including the concentration of analyte, the inlet flow velocity, the channel height, and the length of the reaction surface. A higher channel causes the diffusive transport of the analyte to take longer time to reach the reaction surface, which in turn decreases the reaction rate of the protein pairs. The length of the reaction surface plays an important role in the formation of the boundary layer. For longer reaction surface, it takes more time to allow diffusion to overcome the larger zone of the diffusion boundary layer, resulting in a slower binding rate and a longer time to reach saturation. The presented data of simulation are useful in designing the biosensors.
Making a Case for Robust Optimization Models (1997)

Robust optimization searches for recommendations that are relatively immune to anticipated uncertainty in the problem parameters. Stochasticities are addressed via a set of discrete scenarios. This paper presents applications in which the traditional stochastic linear program fails to identify a robust solution—despite the presence of a cheap robust point. Limitations of piecewise linearization are discussed. We argue that a concave utility function should be incorporated in a model whenever the decision maker is risk averse. Examples are taken from telecommunications and financial planning.
iElectrodes: A Comprehensive Open-Source Toolbox for Depth and Subdural Grid Electrode Localization (2017)

The localization of intracranial electrodes is a fundamental step in the analysis of invasive electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in research and clinical practice. The conclusions reached from the analysis of these recordings rely on the accuracy of electrode localization in relationship to brain anatomy. However, currently available techniques for localizing electrodes from magnetic resonance (MR) and/or computerized tomography (CT) images are time consuming and/or limited to particular electrode types or shapes. Here we present iElectrodes, an open-source toolbox that provides robust and accurate semi-automatic localization of both subdural grids and depth electrodes. Using pre- and post-implantation images, the method takes 2-3 min to localize the coordinates in each electrode array and automatically number the electrodes. The proposed pre-processing pipeline allows one to work in a normalized space and to automatically obtain anatomical labels of the localized electrodes without neuroimaging experts. We validated the method with data from 22 patients implanted with a total of 1,242 electrodes. We show that localization distances were within 0.56 mm of those achieved by experienced manual evaluators. iElectrodes provided additional advantages in terms of robustness (even with severe perioperative cerebral distortions), speed (less than half the operator time compared to expert manual localization), simplicity, utility across multiple electrode types (surface and depth electrodes) and all brain regions.
Effect of gliotoxin on development of diabetes mellitus in diabetes-prone BB/Wor rats. (2000)

The object of this investigation was to determine if gliotoxin, an immunomodulating fungal secondary metabolite, is capable of preventing the development of autoimmune diabetes mellitus in diabetes-prone BB/Wor rats. Chronic treatment, consisting of 1 microg gliotoxin/g of body wt administered three times weekly from the age of 30 days through 120 days, reduced the incidence of diabetes from 90% diabetic by 120 days among vehicle-treated animals to 56% diabetic among gliotoxin-treated animals. This result was significant by life table analysis. Animals treated with gliotoxin maintained lower serum glucose levels even in the pre-diabetic state than control (vehicle-treated) rats. Gliotoxin at levels used in this study showed no appreciable effect on the viability of rat insulinoma (RIN 38) cells in culture and only slightly decreased their insulin secretion. Animals chronically treated with gliotoxin showed weight gains comparable to those seen in controls, and the effect of gliotoxin on peripheral blood leukocyte counts was not significant. The possibility that gliotoxin exerted its effect through immunomodulating effects was implied by the loss of white pulp in splenic follicles of gliotoxin-treated animals.
Automated Enumeration of CD34 <sup>+</sup> Cells in Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow (1994)

We have developed a rapid and accurate method to enumerate the number of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and leukopheresis samples. The method consists of a two-tube assay and a dedicated software program for data acquisition and analysis. The first reagent combination consists of (a) a nucleic acid dye to identify nucleated cells, (b) a CD45 monoclonal antibody labeled with PE/CY5 to discriminate progenitor cells from mature lymphoid, neutrophil, erythroid, and monocytic cells, (c) an IgG1 control antibody labeled with PE to establish the boundary between specific and nonspecific staining, and (d) a known number of fluorescent beads to determine an absolute count of cells. In the second reagent combination the IgG1 control antibody is replaced by a CD34 antibody labeled with PE that is used to identify the CD34+ cells in the location established by the control reagent combination. The software program uses the fluorescent beads to adjust the forward light scatter, orthogonal light scatter, and three fluorescence detectors of the flow cytometer. The expected location of the CD34+ cells is then established with the control reagent combination followed by the enumeration of the CD34+ cells per microliter of sample with the reagent combination containing the CD34 antibody. This method is sensitive enough to detect CD34+ cells in peripheral blood of normal donors and can reliably determine an increase in CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood of patients treated with chemotherapy and/or growth factors. The method alleviates some of the difficulties encountered when small numbers of CD34+ cells are enumerated. The system allows for more precise evaluations of the grafts used for bone marrow transplantation.
Transient Expression of Secretory IgA In Planta is Optimal Using a Multi-Gene Vector and may be Further Enhanced by Improving Joining Chain Incorporation (2016)

Secretory IgA (sIgA) is a crucial antibody in host defense at mucosal surfaces. It is a promising antibody isotype in a variety of therapeutic settings such as passive vaccination and treatment of inflammatory disorders. However, heterologous production of this heteromultimeric protein complex is still suboptimal. The challenge is the coordinate expression of the four required polypeptides; the alpha heavy chain, the light chain, the joining chain, and part of the polymeric-Ig-receptor called the secretory component, in a 4:4:1:1 ratio. We evaluated the transient expression of three sIgAκ variants, harboring the heavy chain isotype α1, α2m1, or α2m2, of the clinical antibody Ustekinumab in planta. Ustekinumab is directed against the p40 subunit that is shared by the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23. A sIgA variant of this antibody may enable localized treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Of the three different sIgA variants we obtained the highest yield with sIgA1κ reaching up to 373 μg sIgA/mg total soluble protein. The use of a multi-cassette vector containing all four expression cassettes was most efficient. However, not the expression strategy, but the incorporation of the joining chain turned out to be the limiting step for sIgA production. Our data demonstrate that transient expression in planta is suitable for the economic production of heteromultimeric protein complexes such as sIgA.
Geology and ground-water conditions in the lower valley of the Rio Elqui of Chile (1953)

Results of an investigation of the ground-water hydrology of the lower Elqui river region, Coquimbo, Chile, demonstrate that large supplies of water suitable for irrigation purposes are available from numerous permeable zones in the alluvial deposits which underlie the modern flood plain of the river. Little is known about the configuration or water-bearing properties of the Jurassic or Cretaceous basalts and upper Cretaceous granitic rocks which form the buried floor of the valley.
Low loss SAW matched filters with low sidelobe sequences and spread spectrum applications (2002)

A 300 MHz SAW matched filter with reduced mismatch-loss and with a coded transducer by a low autocorrelation sidelobe sequence has been developed for a 1 Mbps SS low power-transmission wireless communication modem. This low autocorrelation sequence of 25 chips was searched to apply a DS spreading DPSK signal. The sequence reduced the output signal sidelobe 6 dB lower than a 31 chip m-sequence, and further obtained a higher processing gain than that of Barker sequences. Furthermore, to reduce the mismatch-loss in temperature stable SAW matched filters, a localized layered structure has been developed. ZnO is deposited only on the normal transducer on a ST-cut quartz substrate, reducing the mismatch-loss by 9 dB. An SS radio modem unit using this SAW matched filter shows a bit error ratio lower than 10/sup -4/ with a low current consumption of 210 mA, considering such a high data rate of 1 Mbps and a low received power of -100 dBm.
Synthesis, in vitro binding profile, and CNS penetrability of the highly potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist [3H]-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4(5)-methyl-5(4)-imidazolylmethyl]thiazole (1990)

4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-2-[4(5)-methyl-5(4)-imidazolylmethyl]thiazole (5) is a highly potent member of a structurally novel series of selective serotonin-3 receptor antagonists. The synthesis of tritiated 5 and its binding profile in neuroblastoma-glioma 108-15 cells are described. Furthermore, in vivo studies in rat with this radioligand indicate that it effectively penetrates the blood-brain barrier upon peripheral administration. Thus, 5 should be a useful pharmacological tool for both in vitro and in vivo studies of this class of compounds.
Automatic Visual Inspection Of Reed Switches (1980)

In many production chains visual inspection of products is an important manufacturing consideration with respect to quality control. Recent progress in image processing and pattern recognition led the way to economically justified applications; modern technology enables the construction of such auto mata featuring high reliability and constancy. This paper describes an automatic visual inspection machine performing intelligent control tasks in a very short time. The possible applications include dimension control of products; inspection of objects on shape, greyness, or texture; sorting of objects; positioning; etc. The design is based on a fast synthesis procedure of a TV image by profile extraction. The features to be controlled are extracted from these profiles and compared with upper/lower limits obtained from a learning process. The system performances are expressed by the elaboration of an industrial case, the real-time visual inspection of reed switches. More than 35 features are detected and controlled for each switch within 1 second. Several experiments with a prototype version have proven the feasible use as an industrial on-line controller.
Photopolymerization System Thermally Accelerated by a Laser Diode (1997)

Thermal effect on sensitivity of photopolymerization systems containing 2, 4, 6-tris(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine(TRI) and urethane acrylate (U1) was studied. The photopolymerization system was sensitized by an IR cyanine dye and irradiated with a laser diode (LD), thus, the image can be produced by using a 10 m/s scanning spot of laser beam (spot diameter of 30 mm, 30 mW) at 785 nm. The sensitivity was increased 20× in comparison with a conventional Xe lamp exposure.
EFFECT OF COARSE-AGGREGATE CHARACTERITICS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE (1990)

An experimental study investigated the influence of 4 coarse aggregate types available in Northern California on the compressive strength and elastic behavior of a very high-strength concrete mixture. Using identical materials and similar mix proportions, it was found using diabase and limestone aggregates produced concretes with significantly higher strength and elastic modulus than those using granite and river gravel. The mineralogical differences in the aggregate types are considered to be responsible for this behavior.
Board-Level Optical Interconnection and Signal Distribution Using Embedded Thin-Film Optoelectronic Devices (2004)

Optical interconnection and signal distribution at the backplane, board, and substrate level can be implemented using thin-film active optoelectronic devices embedded in polymer waveguide structures. These active embedded devices eliminate the need for optical beam turning to and from photodetectors and emitters, respectively, for inputs and outputs to the substrate waveguides. In this paper, optical interconnections using fully embedded thin-film metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors in polymer optical waveguides are demonstrated, and the experimental characterization of these thin-film MSMs embedded in polymer waveguides is reported. To illustrate the potential for high-level signal distribution at the backplane, board, and substrate levels, a 1/spl times/4 balanced multimode interference (MMI) coupler has also been demonstrated in a photoimageable polymer for the first time. Finally, a 1/spl times/4 thin-film MSM photodetector array has been embedded in the output arms of the a photoimageable polymer MMI for the first time, and the MSM array photocurrent outputs from the 4 arms show that highly balanced optical signal distribution has been achieved.
Cells deficient in base-excision repair reveal cancer hallmarks originating from adjustments to genetic instability (2015)

Genetic instability, provoked by exogenous mutagens, is well linked to initiation of cancer. However, even in unstressed cells, DNA undergoes a plethora of spontaneous alterations provoked by its inherent chemical instability and the intracellular milieu. Base excision repair (BER) is the major cellular pathway responsible for repair of these lesions, and as deficiency in BER activity results in DNA damage it has been proposed that it may trigger the development of sporadic cancers. Nevertheless, experimental evidence for this model remains inconsistent and elusive. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis of BER deficient human cells using stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), and demonstrate that BER deficiency, which induces genetic instability, results in dramatic changes in gene expression, resembling changes found in many cancers. We observed profound alterations in tissue homeostasis, serine biosynthesis, and one-carbon- and amino acid metabolism, all of which have been identified as cancer cell 'hallmarks'. For the first time, this study describes gene expression changes characteristic for cells deficient in repair of endogenous DNA lesions by BER. These expression changes resemble those observed in cancer cells, suggesting that genetically unstable BER deficient cells may be a source of pre-cancerous cells.
Formulation and In Vivo Evaluation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Granules for Oral Delivery of a Combination of Ezetimibe and Simvastatin (2008)

Self-nanoemulsifying granules were formulated with the objective of improving the bioavailability of the ezetimibe and simvastatin when administered together. Composition of self-nanoemulsifying system (SNS) was optimized using various modified oils, surfactant, and cosurfactant mixtures. SNSs were mixed with water and resultant emulsions were characterized for mean globule size and stability. SNSs were adsorbed on hydrophilic colloidal silicon dioxide to give free-flowing self-nanoemulsifying granules. Self-nanoemulsifying granules were characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern, scanning electron microscopy, dissolution profile, and for in vivo performance in hypercholesterolemic rats. X-ray diffraction studies and scanning electron microscopy indicated loss of crystallinity and/or solubilization of both drugs in the self-nanoemulsifying granules. Self-nanoemulsifying granules effected substantial increase in dissolution of the drugs as compared with pure powder of drugs. In vivo evaluation in rats showed significant decrease in the total cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels in rats as compared with positive control confirming potential of self-nanoemulsifying granules as a drug delivery system for the poorly water-soluble drugs.
Value-based quality processes and results (2005)

Cost effectiveness is one of the important issues for developing products in a life cycle. And review is a key activity that can detect defects from the early stage and fix them. This paper provides Value-based review techniques adding cost effectiveness into review processes and reports on an experiment on Value-based review. Through the experiment, the Value-based review is shown to have higher cost effectiveness in review processes.
Building automation systems integration into the Internet of Things the IoT6 approach, its realization and validation (2014)

Building automation is concerned with monitoring and control of building services equipment. Over the last years, many different control network protocols have materialized for this task. Ideally, an all-in-one solution would be desired which allows total control of all conceivable scenarios. Even despite the long timespan of development, no single specific protocol has yet emerged that covers all application domains. Rather, many different protocols co-exist that rarely interact. For purposes of management-level system integration, a common, preferably open format for access to data points which is aligned with IT standards is a key asset. Following the current trends in information technology, Web Services for machine-to-machine interaction over a network seem to be a reasonable choice here. Based on them, an integration into the future Internet of Things (IoT) can be achieved. The IoT thereby promises to provide a dynamic global network infrastructure with self configuring capabilities resting upon interoperable communication protocols. This paper will focus on challenges and approaches allowing a cross-domain interaction of building automation systems while at the same time discussing their seamless integration into the IoT.
Pathophysiology and therapy of irinotecan-induced delayed-onset diarrhea in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: a prospective assessment. (1998)

CPT-11-induced delayed-onset diarrhea is caused by a secretory mechanism with an exudative component. Early combined treatment with loperamide and acetorphan seems effective in controlling the diarrheal episodes.
The electronic delocalization in <i>para</i>‐substituted β‐nitrostyrenes probed by resonance Raman spectroscopy and quantum‐chemical calculations (2008)

Abstract The electronic (UV‐vis) and resonance Raman (RR) spectra of a series of para ‐substituted trans ‐β‐nitrostyrenes were investigated to determine the influence of the electron donating properties of the substituent (X = H, NO 2 , COOH, Cl, OCH 3 , OH, N(CH 3 ) 2 , and O − ) on the extent of the charge transfer to the electron‐withdrawing NO 2 group directly linked to the ethylenic (C = C) unit. The Raman spectra and quantum chemical calculations show clearly the correlation of the electron donating power of the X group with the wavenumbers of the ν s (NO 2 ) and ν (C = C) sty normal modes. In conditions of resonance with the lowest excited electronic state, one observes for X = OH and N(CH 3 ) 2 that the symmetric stretching of the NO 2 , ν s (NO 2 ), is the most substantially enhanced mode, whereas for X = O − , the chromophore is extended over the whole molecule, with substantial enhancement of several carbon backbone modes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raw‐Starch Degrading Amylase(s) Affect Enzyme‐resistant Starch (1992)

ABSTRACT Enzyme‐resistant starch (RS) was degraded, in part, by amylase(s) that act on raw starch. The degradation (solubilization) was accompanied by changes in several characteristics (peak temperature and enthalpy) and, probably, by the presence of a lipid‐amylose complex. The degradation resulted in a significant reduction in one of the two main contiguous peaks of RS around 155°C.