gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
‘Evidence. What evidence?’: evidence-based policy making and School Sport Partnerships in North West England (2010)

Based upon semi-structured interviews conducted with 14 representatives of one School Sport Partnership (SSP) in North West England, this paper examines several aspects of the policy and practice of the Partnership within a policy climate characterized by a preference for evidence-based policy making and practice. The findings indicate that providing young people with two hours of physical education and school sport (PESS) each week, and awarding primary schools with an Activemark, was central to the government's policy aspirations for SSPs, whilst considerably less attention was paid to the quality of pupils' experiences of PESS. All of the participants explained that where the SSP programme was monitored and evaluated, this was undertaken through self-completion of the Physical Education, School Sport and Club Links (PESSCL) survey, which they saw as an inadequate outcome-based evaluation measure designed to ensure that they were ‘hitting targets’ and ‘jumping through hoops’ to meet the government's objectives. Being constrained to engage in this essentially political exercise was encouraged by the insatiable appetite amongst policy-makers for simple, ‘killer facts’, as indicators of policy success and required participants to assemble ‘evidence’ in support of their contribution to delivering government's policy goals. It is concluded that, notwithstanding the alleged commitment to monitoring and evaluation, and to the need for assembling evidence of the effectiveness of the SSP programme, the frequency with which political imperatives dominated evidence meant that it is likely that evidence-based policy making and practice will remain very much an aspiration, rather than a reality, in the pragmatic world of policy making.
Synthesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation, and Radiolabeling of Aryl Anandamide Analogues as Candidate Radioligands for In Vivo Imaging of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase in the Brain (2009)

Fatty acid amide hydrolyase (FAAH) is one of the main enzymes responsible for terminating the signaling of endocannabinoids in the brain. Imaging FAAH in vivo using PET or SPECT is important to deeper understanding of its role in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, at present, no radioligand is available for mapping the enzyme in vivo. Here, we synthesized 18 aryl analogues of anandamide, FAAH's endogenous substrate, and in vitro evaluated their potential as metabolic trapping tracers. Interaction studies with recombinant FAAH revealed good to very good interaction of the methoxy substituted aryl anandamide analogues 17, 18, 19, and 20 with FAAH and they were identified as competing substrates. Compounds 17 and 18 did not display significant binding to CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors and stand out as potential candidate metabolic trapping tracers. They were successfully labeled with 11C in good yields and high radiochemical purity and displayed brain uptake in C57BL/6J mice. Radioligands [11C]-17 and [11C]-18 merit further investigation in vivo.
Changes in satellite cells of rat dorsal root ganglia during central chromatolysis (1967)

The Reactions of Glial Cells and Endoneurial Macrophages in the Dorsal Root Ganglion and Their Contribution to Pain-Related Behavior After Application of Nucleus Pulposus Onto the Nerve Root in Rats,
Use of narcotic antagonists to modify stereotypic self-licking, self-chewing, and scratching behavior in dogs (1988)

We evaluated 2 narcotic antagonists, naltrexone and nalmefene, for treatment of refractory self-licking, self-chewing, and scratching behavior in dogs. Eleven dogs with various irritative or pruritic disorders were medicated with naltrexone (1 mg/kg of body weight, sc) or nalmefene (1 to 4 mg/kg, sc), after a period of control observation during which the dogs had not been medicated. The time for which the dogs were involved in self-licking, self-chewing, or scratching was determined retrospectively by analysis of videotapes. The rates of involvement in either activity before and after treatment were calculated and compared statistically. Treatment with a narcotic antagonist significantly reduced the time spent self-licking, self-chewing, or scratching in 7 of 11 dogs, was partially effective in 3 dogs, and was ineffective in one dog. Dogs with acral lick dermatitis responded most to treatment.
DNA Methylation and Epigenetic Inheritance in Plants and Filamentous Fungi (2001)

Plants and filamentous fungi share with mammals enzymes responsible for DNA methylation. In these organisms, DNA methylation is associated with gene silencing and transposon control. However, plants and fungi differ from mammals in the genomic distribution, sequence specificity, and heritability of methylation. We consider the role that transposons play in establishing methylation patterns and the epigenetic consequences of their perturbation.
SYNTHESIS OF 1-β-(3-PHENYLPYRAZOL-4-YL)-<scp>d</scp>-RIBOFURANOSIDE, A <i>C</i>-NUCLEOSIDE (1974)

Abstract 1-β- and 1-α-(3-Phenylpyrazol-4-yl)-d-ribofuranosides (7) and (8) have been prepared from 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-d-ribofuranosyl bromide (1) through ethynylation with mercuric phenylacetylide (2) and subsequent 1,3-dipolar addition of diazomethane, followed by removal of the protecting groups with ammonia.
Rectilinear steiner trees: Efficient special‐case algorithms (1977)

Abstract A minimal rectilinear Steiner tree for a set A of points in the plane is a tree which interconnects A using horizontal and vertical lines of shortest possible total length. Such trees have potential application to wire layout for printed circuits. Unfortunately, at present no practical algorithm is known for constructing these trees in general. We present two algorithms, each requiring a number of operations proportional to only a low degree polynomial in the number of points to be interconnected, for the special cases in which all the points of A lie on a small number of parallel lines or on the boundary of a rectangle.
Structural studies on the biosides of <i>Digitalis lanata</i>: bisdigitoxosides of digitoxigenin, gitoxigenin and digoxigenin (1989)

The crystal structures and conformations of bisdigitoxosides of digitoxigenin (I), gitoxigenin (II) and digoxigenin (III and IV) have been determined using single-crystal X-ray crystallographic techniques. Crystals of (I), (II) and (IV) were grown from ethyl acetate solutions of the glycosides while (III) was grown from a solution of the digitoxoside in ethanol. As in other cardiac glycosides the ring junctions A-B and C-D are cis. The D ring in these structures shows different conformations while the A, B and C rings remain conformationally similar. Although digitoxigenin bisdigitoxoside and gitoxigenin bisdigitoxoside differ from each other in the absence and presence of a hydroxyl group at C(16) of the D ring, these two biosides crystallize in the space group P2(1)2(1)2 [corrected] and are isomorphous. The presence of the hydroxyl group at C(16) does not affect the orientation of the lactone ring and the conformation of the molecule. Digoxigenin bisdigitoxoside crystallizes in two different crystal systems with four molecules of water in the orthorhombic form and one molecule of ethyl acetate in the triclinic form. In both forms the hydroxyl at C(3') of the first sugar forms a hydrogen bond with the ring oxygen of the second sugar. This has also been observed in the trioside digoxin. The torsion angle C(13)-C(17)-C(20)-C(22) in the two forms differs by 7 degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Etched Capillaries for Open-Tubular Capillary Electrochromatography (2005)

The use of gold nanoparticles in conjunction with etched capillary-based open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OTCEC) to improve the efficiency of separation and the selectivity between selected solutes is described. The fused-silica capillaries (50-microm i.d.) were etched with ammonium hydrogen difluoride, followed by prederivatization of the new surface with (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) for the immobilization of dodecanethiol gold nanoparticles, for OTCEC. The electrochromatography of a "reversed-phase" test mixture and of selected polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated, and efficient separations and high theoretical plate numbers per meter were obtained. The electroosmotic flow characteristics of the etched gold nanoparticle capillary, unetched gold nanoparticle capillary, bare capillary, and etched bare capillary were studied by varying the percentage of organic modifier in buffer, buffer pH, and separation voltage. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the process of etching and modification and the surface features of the etched gold nanoparticle capillary. The results confirm that dodecanethiol gold nanoparticles bonded on the etched inner wall of the fused-silica capillary can provide sufficient solute-bonded phase interactions to obtain OTCEC separations with reproducible retention, as well as characteristic reversed-phase behavior, even with the inner diameter of the capillary of 50 microm.
Gadolinium-Induced Fibrosis (2016)

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), once believed to be safe for patients with renal disease, have been strongly associated with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), a severe systemic fibrosing disorder that predominantly afflicts individuals with advanced renal dysfunction. We provide a historical perspective on the appearance and disappearance of NSF, including its initial recognition as a discrete clinical entity, its association with GBCA exposure, and the data supporting a causative relationship between GBCA exposure and NSF. On the basis of this body of evidence, we propose that the name gadolinium-induced fibrosis (GIF) more accurately reflects the totality of knowledge regarding this disease. Use of high-risk GBCAs, such as formulated gadodiamide, should be avoided in patients with renal disease. Restriction of GBCA use in this population has almost completely eradicated new cases of this debilitating condition. Emerging antifibrotic therapies may be useful for patients who suffer from GIF.
Investigation of the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate shunt inEscherichia coli BL21 and JM109 using13C-NMR/MS (2000)

Acetate accumulation is a common problem observed in aerobic high cell density Escherichia coli cultures. A previous report has hypothesized that the glyoxylate shunt is active in a low acetate producer, E. coli BL21, and inactive in a high acetate producer, JM109. To further investigate this hypothesis, we now develop a model for the incorporation of (13)C from uniformly labeled glucose into key TCA cycle intermediates. The (13)C isotopomer distributions of oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA are first determined using NMR and MS techniques. These distributions are next validated by predicting the NMR spectrum of glutamate. Under steady state isotopic conditions, and with knowledge of the full isotopomer distributions of oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, the flux ratios through the TCA cycle and the glycoxylate shunt are obtained with respect to the flux through the PPC anaplerotic shunt. We conclude that in BL21, the glyoxylate shunt is active at 22% of the flux through the TCA cycle, and is inactive in JM109. Further, in BL21, the flux through the TCA cycle equals the flux through the PPC shunt, while in JM109 the TCA cycle flux is only third of the flux through the PPC shunt.
PECAM-1/CD31 Trans-homophilic Binding at the Intercellular Junctions Is Independent of Its Cytoplasmic Domain; Evidence for Heterophilic Interaction with Integrin αvβ3 in Cis (2000)

PECAM-1/CD31 is a cell adhesion and signaling molecule that is enriched at the endothelial cell junctions. Alternative splicing generates multiple PECAM-1 splice variants, which differ in their cytoplasmic domains. It has been suggested that the extracellular ligand-binding property, homophilic versus heterophilic, of these isoforms is controlled by their cytoplasmic tails. To determine whether the cytoplasmic domains also regulate the cell surface distribution of PECAM-1 splice variants, we examined the distribution of CD31-EGFPs (PECAM-1 isoforms tagged with the enhanced green fluorescent protein) in living Chinese hamster ovary cells and in PECAM-1-deficient endothelial cells. Our results indicate that the extracellular, rather than the cytoplasmic domain, directs PECAM-1 to the cell-cell borders. Furthermore, coculturing PECAM-1 expressing and deficient cells along with transfection of CD31-EGFP cDNAs into PECAM-1 deficient cells reveal that this PECAM-1 localization is mediated by homophilic interactions. Although the integrin alphavbeta3 has been shown to interact with PECAM-1, this trans-heterophilic interaction was not detected at the borders of endothelial cells. However, based on cocapping experiments performed on proT cells, we provide evidence that the integrin alphavbeta3 associates with PECAM-1 on the same cell surface as in a cis manner.
A domain model-driven approach for producing user interfaces to multi-platform information systems (2004)

User interfaces to information systems can be considered systematic as they consist of two types of tasks performed on classes of a domain model: basic tasks performed on one class at a time (such as insert, delete, modify, sort, list, print) and complex tasks performed on parts or whole of one or several classes (e.g., tasks involving various attributes of different classes with constraints between and establishing relationships between). This paper presents how a wizard tool can produce user interfaces to such tasks according to a model-driven approach based on a domain model of the information system. This process consists of seven steps: database selection, data source selection, building the opening procedure, data source selection for control widgets, building the closing procedure, setting the size of the widgets, and laying them out. The wizard generates code for Visual Basic and eMbedded Visual Basic, thus enabling to obtain support for both stationary and mobile tasks simultaneously, while maintaining consistency.
Preventing Aluminum Powder Dust Cloud Explosions (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreventing Aluminum Powder Dust Cloud ExplosionsGeorge LongCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1961, 53, 10, 823–825Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50622a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50622a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ultrathin gradient films using thiol‐ene polymerizations (2006)

Abstract The application of surface‐attached, thiol‐ene polymer films for controlling material properties in a gradient fashion across a surface was investigated. Thiol‐ene films were attached to the surface by first depositing a thiol‐terminated self‐assembled monolayer and performing a thiol‐ene photopolymerization reaction on the surface. Property gradients were created either by creating and modifying a gradient in the surface thiol density in the SAM or by changing the polymerization conditions or both. Film thickness was modified across the substrate by changing either the density of the anchoring thiol functional groups or by changing the reaction conditions such as exposure time. Thicker films (1–11 nm) were obtained by polymerizing acrylate polymer brushes from the surface with varying exposure time (0–60 s). The two factors, that is, the surface thiol density and the exposure time, were combined in orthogonal directions to obtain thiol‐ene films with a two‐dimensional thickness gradient with the maximum thickness being 4 nm. Finally, a thiol‐acrylate Michael type addition reaction was used to modify the surface thiol density gradient with the cell‐adhesive ligand, Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser (RGDS), which subsequently yielded a gradient in osteoblast density on the surface. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 7027–7039, 2006
Experimental Observations of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation through Coal Blocks (1990)

ABSTRACT Hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted on coal blocks in the laboratory to investigate the effect of stress variation on hydraulic fracture propagation through a coal formation. The first part of this study presents the measurements of mechanical properties of coal samples, which include Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength, and fracture toughness. Mohr envelopes were determined to obtain the failure characteristics for the coal used in this study. A relationship between Young's modulus and confining pressure was derived. The physical explanation of this relationship is given. The second part of this study presents the experimental results of hydraulic fracture propagation through coal blocks. Two groups of experiments are presented; unconfined and confined tests. This paper discusses observations and results which ranged from multiple parallel fracture systems when the blocks were unconfined, to single fractures created when a confining stress was applied. Laboratory conditions were designed to investigate the creation of T-shaped fractures in the coal, and to study the treating pressure response during the creation of these unconventional fracture shapes. Treatment pressure response during these tests was significantly different from those observed when fracturing sandstone blocks in the laboratory. The factors which govern this different type of pressure response (roughness, fracture tortuosity, cleat system, spalling, etc.) will be described in detail. Also, a comparison is drawn which relates the observations made during this laboratory testing to actual field reports made during mineback experiments. New fracture width, height, and initiation criteria related to coal seam fracturing, are presented in this paper. These criteria are based on close examination of the rock properties of coal under different stress-loading conditions.
Nonlinear control design for suppressing stick slip oscillations in oil well drillstrings (2004)

International audience
Physical Properties of Weft Knitted Fabrics (1986)

The geometrical dimensions of weft knitted fabrics made of polyester and polyamide (twisted and textured) yarns and their effect on the tensile properties of these fabrics are discussed. Tests show that textured yarn fabrics have a higher elastic recovery than twisted yarn fabrics. All fabrics show higher elastic recovery when they are stretched in the wale direction rather than the course direction. The air permeability of textured fabrics is half that of fabrics made of twisted yarns.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(THIOCYANATOALKYL)‐SILATRANE (1975)

Abstract Aus Triäthanolamin (II) und dem Trimethoxysilanderivat (I) entstehen Silatrane der Formel (III).
A KDEL‐tagged monoclonal antibody is efficiently retained in the endoplasmic reticulum in leaves, but is both partially secreted and sorted to protein storage vacuoles in seeds (2006)

Transgenic plants are attractive biological systems for the large-scale production of pharmaceutical proteins. In particular, seeds offer special advantages, such as ease of handling and long-term stable storage. Nevertheless, most of the studies of the expression of antibodies in plants have been performed in leaves. We report the expression of a secreted (sec-Ab) or KDEL-tagged (Ab-KDEL) mutant of the 14D9 monoclonal antibody in transgenic tobacco leaves and seeds. Although the KDEL sequence has little effect on the accumulation of the antibody in leaves, it leads to a higher antibody yield in seeds. sec-Ab(Leaf) purified from leaf contains complex N-glycans, including Lewis(a) epitopes, as typically found in extracellular glycoproteins. In contrast, Ab-KDEL(Leaf) bears only high-mannose-type oligosaccharides (mostly Man 7 and 8) consistent with an efficient endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention/cis-Golgi retrieval of the antibody. sec-Ab and Ab-KDEL gamma chains purified from seeds are cleaved by proteases and contain complex N-glycans indicating maturation in the late Golgi compartments. Consistent with glycosylation of the protein, Ab-KDEL(Seed) was partially secreted and sorted to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in seeds and not found in the ER. This dual targeting may be due to KDEL-mediated targeting to the PSV and to a partial saturation of the vacuolar sorting machinery. Taken together, our results reveal important differences in the ER retention and vacuolar sorting machinery between leaves and seeds. In addition, we demonstrate that a plant-made antibody with triantennary high-mannose-type N-glycans has similar Fab functionality to its counterpart with biantennary complex N-glycans, but the former antibody interacts with protein A in a stronger manner and is more immunogenic than the latter. Such differences could be related to a variable immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc folding that would depend on the size of the N-glycan.
Velocity Analysis for UHF RFID Vehicle License Plate (2010)

Ultra-high-frequency radio frequency identification (RFID UHF) vehicle license plate is a promising technology for traffic management because of its special advantages. In practical applications, the reading effect is closely related to the vehicle velocity. This paper analyzed the effective vehicle velocity for the steadily reading of the UHF RFID vehicle license plate. The smallest time for one single tag to be effectively read, the relationship between the tags reads and the vehicle velocity, the maximum vehicle velocity to be effective read, are analyzed and measured. Measurement results were in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. Studies have shown that the reading stability of the UHF RFID vehicle license plate is closely related to the effective read range of RFID tags, readers reading cycle and the vehicle velocity. In general vehicle velocity, UHF RFID vehicle license can be effectively read.