gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on Effect of Welding Speed on Micro Structure and Mechanical Properties of Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welded Inconel 625 Sheets (2012)

Nickel alloys had gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of components which require high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, such as metallic bellows used in expansion joints used in aircraft, aerospace and petroleum industry. Micro Plasma Arc Welding (MPAW) is one of the important arc welding processes commonly using in fabriccation of Nickel alloys. In the present paper welding of Inconel 625 sheets using pulsed current micro plasma arc welding was discussed. The paper mainly focuses on studying the weld quality characteristics like weld pool geometry parameters, microstructure, grain size, hardness and tensile properties of Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welded Inconel 625 sheets at different welding speeds. Results reveals that at a welding speed of 260 mm/minute better weld quality characteristics can be obtained.
Aza-Michael versus aminolysis reactions of glycerol carbonate acrylate (2013)

The aza-Michael addition reaction represents one of the most powerful methods for the formation of carbon–nitrogen bonds in organic synthesis. Thanks to the fast addition of the amine on the ethylene sites of the glycerol carbonate acrylate permitting the aza-Michael reaction to occur first. Significant methods have been studied to monitor the addition reaction of the amine on glycerol carbonate acrylate. New five-membered cyclic glycerylic carbonate (5CGC) and hydroxyurethane isomers were synthesized under solvent free reaction conditions, short reaction times, and without the use of expensive catalysts. These new molecules, enriched with ester and amine functions, provided novel and more environmentally friendly synthons for the synthesis of bio-based polyhydroxyurethanes without the use of phosgene or isocyanate.
Retention of oncogenicity by a Marek's disease virus mutant lacking six unique short region genes (1995)

We previously reported the construction of Marek's disease virus (MDV) strains having mutations in various genes that map to the unique short (US) region of the viral genome (J.L. Cantello, A.S. Anderson, A. Francesconi, and R.W. Morgan, J. Virol. 65:1584-1588, 1991; M.S. Parcells, A.S. Anderson, and R.W. Morgan, Virus Genes 9:5-13, 1994; M.S. Parcells, A.S. Anderson, and R.W. Morgan, J. Virol. 68:8239-8253, 1994). These strains were constructed by using a high-passage-level serotype 1 MDV strain which grew well in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Despite the growth of the parent and mutant viruses in cell culture, in vivo studies were limited by poor growth of these strains in chickens. One of the mutants studied lacked 4.5 kbp of US region DNA and contained the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli inserted at the site of the deletion. The deletion removed MDV homologs to the US1, US2, and US10 genes of herpes simplex virus type 1 as well as three MDV-specific open reading frames. We now report the construction of a mutant MDV containing a similar deletion in the US region of the highly oncogenic RB1B strain. This mutant, RB1B delta 4.5lac, had a growth impairment in established chicken embryo fibroblasts similar to that described previously for MDVs lacking a functional US1 gene. In chickens, RB1B delta 4.5lac showed decreased early cytolytic infection, mortality, tumor incidence, and horizontal transmission. Several lymphoblastoid cell lines were established from RB1B delta 4.5lac-induced tumors, and virus reactivated from these cell lines was LacZ+. These results indicate that the deleted genes are nonessential for the transformation of chicken T cells or for the establishment and maintenance of latency. On the basis of the growth impairment observed for RB1B delta 4.5lac in cell culture and in vivo, we conclude that deletion of these genes affects the lytic replication of MDV. This is the first MDV mutant constructed in the RB1B oncogenic strain, and the methodology described herein provides for the direct examination of MDV-encoded determinants of oncogenicity.
Production and Evaluation of Antibody to the Heat-Stable Enterotoxin from a Human Strain of Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1981)

Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin was coupled to bovine serum albumin by a carbodiimide reagent. Antibody to the conjugate was produced by immunization of rabbits. Data from radioimmunoassay and infant mouse tests indicate the presence of antibody to the enterotoxin. The antisera can be used in a radioimmunoassay to measure enterotoxin in various fluids.
Real-Time 3D Fluid Interaction with a Haptic User Interface (2008)

Imagine you are playing a videogame in which you impersonate a wizard who needs to create a potion in order to enchant your enemies. Through a desktop haptic probe, shaped as a baton, you are able to stir and feel the magical fluid inside a bowl. As you follow the potion recipe, you feel how the fluid changes its viscosity, density, velocity and other properties. Various hapto-visual user interfaces enable users to interact in three-dimensions with the digital world and receive realistic kinesthetic and tactile cues in a computer-generated environment. So far solid or deformable objects have been experimented for haptic-tactile feedback. In this paper we innovate by devising techniques that enable the haptical rendering of shape-less objects, such as fluids. Focusing on the real-time performance to enhance the user's experience, the system imitates the physical forces generated by the real-time fluid animation, stirring movements and fluid changes. We achieved real-time 3D fluid and overcame the challenges that arise during the integration of both haptics and graphics workspaces, the free-view visualization of 3D fluid volume, and the rendering of haptic forces. These fluid interaction techniques with haptic feedback have wide possible applications including game development and haptic communities.
[IrCl<sub>2</sub>Cp*(NHC)] Complexes as Highly Versatile Efficient Catalysts for the Cross‐Coupling of Alcohols and Amines (2008)

A comparative study on the catalytic activity of a series of [IrCl(2)Cp*(NHC)] complexes in several C-O and C-N coupling processes implying hydrogen-borrowing mechanisms has been performed. The compound [IrCl(2)Cp*(I(nBu))] (Cp*=pentamethyl cyclopentadiene; I(nBu)=1,3-di-n-butylimidazolylidene) showed to be highly effective in the cross-coupling reactions of amines and alcohols, providing high yields in the production of unsymmetrical ethers and N-alkylated amines. A remarkable feature is that the processes were carried out in the absence of base, phosphine, or any other external additive. A comparative study with other known catalysts, such as Shvo's catalyst, is also reported.
Neodymium-YAG Laser Goniotomy vs Surgical Goniotomy (1989)

Goniotomy and trabeculotomy are two widely accepted modalities of treatment for primary congenital/infantile glaucoma. Both procedures may be associated with complications. We treated 10 patients with bilateral, symmetrical congenital/infantile glaucoma and clear corneas. One eye of each patient underwent surgical goniotomy under general anesthesia, and the other was treated by neodymium-YAG laser goniotomy under oral chloral hydrate sedation (average energy, 76.6 mJ). Mean pretreatment intraocular pressure in the surgical goniotomy group was 28.4 mm Hg and in the laser goniotomy group it was 29.5 mm Hg, decreasing to 23.6 and 23.1 mm Hg, respectively, following treatment. There was a strong positive correlation (r = .81) between the percent of intraocular pressure change after laser treatment (mean, -14.4%) and that after surgery (mean, -14.3%). Our preliminary results indicate that neodymium-YAG laser goniotomy is an effective, noninvasive alternative to surgical goniotomy.
Characterization of mRNA and microRNA in human mast cell‐derived exosomes and their transfer to other mast cells and blood CD34 progenitor cells (2012)

These findings suggest that exosomal shuttle RNA (esRNA) can play a role in the communication between cells, including mast cells and CD34(+) progenitor cells, implying a role in cells maturation process.
Correlation Between Surface Chemistry and Electrocatalytic Properties of Monodisperse Pt<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ni<sub>1‐<i>x</i></sub> Nanoparticles (2010)

Abstract Monodisperse and homogeneous Pt x Ni 1‐ x alloy nanoparticles of various compositions are synthesized via an organic solution approach in order to reveal the correlation between surface chemistry and their electrocatalytic properties. Atomic‐level microscopic analysis of the compositional profile and modeling of nanoparticle structure are combined to follow the dependence of Ni dissolution on the initial alloy composition and formation of the Pt‐skeleton nanostructures. The developed approach and acquired knowledge about surface structure‐property correlation can be further generalized and applied towards the design of advanced functional nanomaterials.
Theoretical assessment of precision in dual wavelength spectrophotometric measurement (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheoretical assessment of precision in dual wavelength spectrophotometric measurementK. L. Ratzlaff and D. F. S. NatuschCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 14, 2170–2176Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50022a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50022a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selection of Cytochrome P450Genes for Use in Prodrug Activation-Based Cancer Gene Therapy (2003)

Prodrug activation-based cancer gene therapy is a molecular strategy to improve the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy by conferring upon tumor cells the capability to metabolize specific anticancer prodrugs into lethal intracellular toxins. The overall goal of this strategy is to increase the generation of cytotoxic drug metabolites locally, at their site of action within the tumor. This therapy can provide for an increase in drug efficacy and potentially also a reduction in host toxicity, which may be achieved by a lowering of the therapeutically effective drug dosage, thereby reducing the need to expose host tissues to high cytotoxic plasma drug concentrations. This chapter describes the cytochrome P450-based prodrug activation strategy for cancer gene therapy , with a particular emphasis on the selection of suitable P450 gene/prodrug combinations.
Optimization of Plasmonic Heating by Gold Nanospheres and Nanoshells (2006)

Gold nanoparticles have strong and tunable absorption peaks in their optical extinction spectra, a phenomenon that has recently been exploited to generate localized heating in the vicinity of these particles. However the optimum particle geometry and illumination regime to maximize these effects appears not to have been previously examined in any detail. Here we show that the interplay between the particles' absorption cross-sections, volume, and surface area lead to there being specific conditions that can maximize particle temperature and surface heat flux. Optical absorption efficiencies were calculated from the formulation of Mie, and radiative, convective, and conductive heat transfer models were used to model the thermal performance of particles in different situations. Two technologically relevant scenarios for illumination, namely, irradiation by sunlight at 800 W/m2 and by a monochromatic laser source of 50 kW/m2 tuned to the peak absorption wavelength, were considered. For irradiation by sunlight, the resultant heat flux is optimized for an 80 nm diameter nanoshell with an aspect ratio of 0.8, while for irradiation by laser the maximum heat flux is found for 50 nm nanoshells, with an aspect ratio of 0.9.
Feedback Control of Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells by Tunable Synthetic Translational Inhibition (2011)

Feedback regulation plays a crucial role in dynamic gene expression in nature, but synthetic translational feedback systems have yet to be demonstrated. Here we use an RNA/protein interaction-based synthetic translational switch to create a feedback system that tightly controls the expression of proteins of interest in mammalian cells. Feedback is mediated by modified ribosomal L7Ae proteins, which bind a set of RNA motifs with a range of affinities. We designed these motifs into L7Ae-encoding mRNA. Newly translated L7Ae binds its own mRNA, inhibiting further translation. This inhibition tightly feedback-regulates the concentration of L7Ae and any fusion partner of interest. A mathematical model predicts system behavior as a function of RNA/protein affinity. We further demonstrate that the L7Ae protein can simultaneously and tunably regulate the expression of multiple proteins of interest by binding RNA control motifs built into each mRNA, allowing control over the coordinated expression of protein networks.
Lymphoedema: estimating the size of the problem (2005)

Lymphoedema is a problem frequently encountered by professionals working in palliative care. This article reviews the evidence on the magnitude of the problem of lymphoedema in the general population and provides evidence on specific high risk groups within it. Prevalence is a good indicator of the burden of disease for chronic problems such as lymphoedema, as it indicates the numbers of patients who require care. Incidence is indicative of changes in the causes of lymphoedema and the success of any prevention programmes. Both are important means of assessing the current level of need and the potential for the changing needs in managing this condition. Problems exist in all studies in relation to precise definitions of lymphoedema, inconsistent measures to assess differential diagnosis and poorly defined populations. While there is some evidence of high rates in relation to breast cancer therapy, the total burden of lymphoedema in the general population is largely unknown.
Kimura disease: case report and brief review of literature (2018)

Kimura disease is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause, primarily seen in young Asian males. The disease is characterized by painless subcutaneous swelling, blood and tissue eosinophilia and raised IgE levels. Early diagnosis of Kimura's disease may spare the patient from unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedure. We describe a case of Kimura disease in a 14-year old male presenting with left submandibular swelling and also provide a brief review of the literature.
Eucalyptus oil products (2002)

Eucalyptus oils are being used with increasing frequency in a variety of products found in the supermarket or pharmacy. ‘With extract of Eucalyptus’ or ‘With Eucalyptus essential oil’ claims are becoming more common on the labels of modern consumer products such as cosmetics, toiletries and household products due to the ever-increasing interest in natural or botanical ingredients. Eucalyptus oil may be used as an active ingredient to provide scientifically provable benefits – such as nasal decongestion or antibacterial effects – or at much lower dosages to impart more esoteric or folkloric connotations to the product concerned. Eucalyptus oils are also used as components of perfumes to provide a medicinal-type note to the fragrance.
Adding realtime coverage to the Google knowledge graph (2012)

Abstract. In May 2012, the Web search engine Google has introduced the so-called Knowledge Graph, a graph that understands real-world entities and their relationships to one another. Entities covered by the Knowledge Graph include landmarks, celebrities, cities, sports teams, buildings, movies, celestial objects, works of art, and more. The graph enhances Google search in three main ways: by disambiguation of search queries, by search log-based summarization of key facts, and by explo-rative search suggestions. With this paper, we suggest a fourth way of enhancing Web search: through the addition of realtime coverage of what people say about real-world entities on social networks. We report on a browser extension that seamlessly adds relevant microposts from the social networking sites Google+, Facebook, and Twitter in form of a panel to Knowledge Graph entities. In a true Linked Data fashion, we inter-link detected concepts in microposts with Freebase entities, and evaluate our approach for both relevancy and usefulness. The extension is freely available, we invite the reader to reconstruct the examples of this paper to see how realtime opinions may have changed since time of writing. 1
Role of the parasympathetic system in antigen-induced bronchospasm (1977)

Human subjects, sensitive to ragweed, inhaled aerosols of increasing concentrations of ragweed pollen extract in the presence and absence of pretreatment with inhaled atropine. The cumulative dose of antigen required for a 35% decrease in airways conductance was termed PD35. Atropine, 1.2 or 5 mg, increased airways conductance before antigenic challenge but did not alter signigicantly the PD35 for ragweed extract, although these doses of atropine inhibited airways responses to inhaled methacholine chloride and citric acid. We conclude that the cholinergic nervous system plays a modulating role in bronchomotor tone and responses to irritants, but that parasympathetic reflexes are not invariably a major component of human bronchial responses to inhaled allergen.
Clinical tropical medicine (1993)

Journal Article Clinical tropical medicine. G. O. Cowan & B. J. Heap. London: Chapman & Hall, 1992. xii+314 pp. Price £19.95. ISBN 0-412-43330-3. Get access Clinical Tropical Medicine.Cowan G. O. Heap B. J.. London: Chapman & Hall, 1992. xii+314 pp. Price £19.95. ISBN 0-412-43330-3. G. C. Cook G. C. Cook Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 87, Issue 6, November-December 1993, Page 709, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(93)90310-M Published: 01 November 1993
Evolving coordinated quadruped gaits with the HyperNEAT generative encoding (2009)

Legged robots show promise for complex mobility tasks, such as navigating rough terrain, but the design of their control software is both challenging and laborious. Traditional evolutionary algorithms can produce these controllers, but require manual decomposition or other problem simplification because conventionally-used direct encodings have trouble taking advantage of a problem's regularities and symmetries. Such active intervention is time consuming, limits the range of potential solutions, and requires the user to possess a deep understanding of the problem's structure. This paper demonstrates that HyperNEAT, a new and promising generative encoding for evolving neural networks, can evolve quadruped gaits without an engineer manually decomposing the problem. Analyses suggest that HyperNEAT is successful because it employs a generative encoding that can more easily reuse phenotypic modules. It is also one of the first neuroevolutionary algorithms that exploits a problem's geometric symmetries, which may aid its performance. We compare HyperNEAT to FT-NEAT, a direct encoding control, and find that HyperNEAT is able to evolve impressive quadruped gaits and vastly outperforms FT-NEAT. Comparative analyses reveal that HyperNEAT individuals are more holistically affected by genetic operators, resulting in better leg coordination. Overall, the results suggest that HyperNEAT is a powerful algorithm for evolving control systems for complex, yet regular, devices, such as robots.
Perinatal and infant mortality in the United States and six West European countries. (1967)

Perinatal and infant mortality in the United States and six West European countries. H C ChaseCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.57.10.1735 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Enhancements of Substrate Deposition Rate and Target Erosion Profile in a DC Magnetron Sputtering System (2009)

The dc magnetron sputtering system (MSS) is widely used in the microelectronic industries for thin film depositions. With certain designs, users have observed low operational performance and high target material consumption rates due to unsatisfactory interactions between electrons or ions and fields inside the sputter. This paper describes refinements that can be applied to commercial on-line dc MSS to control the magnetic field affecting the behavior of electrons inside the sputter. Results from a study showed that the proposed refinements can increase the sputtering efficiency by as much as 39.40%, and a corresponding enhancement of the substrate deposition rate is also to be expected. In addition, compared to that obtained without the refinements, the target erosion profiles with the refinements are more evenly spread out, reduction in the target material consumptions can also be expected.
The Fanconi Anemia Ortholog FANCM Ensures Ordered Homologous Recombination in Both Somatic and Meiotic Cells in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2012)

The human hereditary disease Fanconi anemia leads to severe symptoms, including developmental defects and breakdown of the hematopoietic system. It is caused by single mutations in the FANC genes, one of which encodes the DNA translocase FANCM (for Fanconi anemia complementation group M), which is required for the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links to ensure replication progression. We identified a homolog of FANCM in Arabidopsis thaliana that is not directly involved in the repair of DNA lesions but suppresses spontaneous somatic homologous recombination via a RecQ helicase (At-RECQ4A)-independent pathway. In addition, it is required for double-strand break-induced homologous recombination. The fertility of At-fancm mutant plants is compromised. Evidence suggests that during meiosis At-FANCM acts as antirecombinase to suppress ectopic recombination-dependent chromosome interactions, but this activity is antagonized by the ZMM pathway to enable the formation of interference-sensitive crossovers and chromosome synapsis. Surprisingly, mutation of At-FANCM overcomes the sterility phenotype of an At-MutS homolog4 mutant by apparently rescuing a proportion of crossover-designated recombination intermediates via a route that is likely At-MMS and UV sensitive81 dependent. However, this is insufficient to ensure the formation of an obligate crossover. Thus, At-FANCM is not only a safeguard for genome stability in somatic cells but is an important factor in the control of meiotic crossover formation.
Electrometer Triode Follower (1953)

A simple circuit for use in conjunction with electrometer tubes is described. This configuration provides for a reduction in the input capacitance of the circuit to a value in the order of 0.05 (Cgk+Cgp) of the electrometer tube. At the same time linearity is improved. These qualities are achieved through causing both the cathode and the plate potentials of the electrometer tube to follow its grid. No critical compensating adjustments are required. This circuit is particularly suitable as a preamplifier for electrophysiological measurements.