gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of a tyrosine protein kinase is an early event in the stimulation of T lymphocytes by interleukin-2. (1988)

The ability of the T lymphocyte growth factor interleukin 2 (IL-2) to activate a tyrosine protein kinase in vivo was assessed by using antibodies to phosphotyrosine in conjunction with immunoblots. Treatment of the murine IL-2-dependent cytotoxic T cell line CTLL-2 with IL-2 resulted in an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins of molecular weights ranging from 38,000 to 120,000. The tyrosine phosphorylation in the various proteins increased in a concomitant fashion and reached a maximum level within 15 min. The concentration of IL-2 required for inducing this phosphorylation was similar to that required for stimulating [3H]thymidine uptake, indicating that the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation correlated with the ability of IL-2 to stimulate the proliferation of the CTLL-2 cells. IL-2 was also found to induce the phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine residues in short term cultures of human T lymphocytes. These results suggest that IL-2, like other polypeptide growth factors, acts by stimulating the activity of a tyrosine protein kinase.
Ultra-Low-Crosstalk Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber Coupler (1988)

The experimental evaluation of polarization-maintaining optical fiber couplers fabricated by polishing technique is described. The couplers show polarization crosstalk of less than -30dB and small wavelength dependence of splitting ratio.
Human auditory primary and association cortex have differing lifetimes for activation traces (1992)

The magnetic field pattern over the temporal area of the scalp 100 ms following the onset of a tone burst stimulus provides evidence for neuronal activity in auditory primary and association cortices that overlap in time. Habituation studies indicate that onset and offset features of a tone produce activation traces in primary cortex that are at least partially common, but only the onset produces an appreciable trace in association cortex. The characteristic time constant for the decay of the latter's activation trace is several seconds longer than for the former.
Health Care Utilization and Costs by Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors (2009)

Metabolic syndrome, number of risk factors, and specific combinations of risk factors are markers for high utilization and costs among patients receiving medical care. Diabetes and certain risk clusters are major drivers of utilization and costs.
Novel channel estimation scheme in fast fading channel applied to sidehaul system (2015)

Recently, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has developed a sidehaul system to cope with the explosively increasing mobile data traffic. The sidehaul system is based on single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FMDA) due to its low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Also, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) is designed to support multiple input multiple output (MIMO). In this paper, we propose the DFT-based channel estimation scheme for the sidehaul system. The proposed scheme uses the 2-dimensional minimum mean square error (2-D MMSE) interpolation scheme for the user moving at a high speed. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation scheme can improve the normalized mean square error (NMSE), error rate, and throughput of the conventional system.
Finding common threads: How patients, physicians and nurses perceive the patient gown (2020)

Evidence-based care is standard practice in medicine, but the patient gown has fallen outside the scope of scholarly research. The current gown renders a patient vulnerable, diminishing patients’ sense of identity, agency, and dignity with its one-size-fits-none design. The impact on providers is similarly neglected. Our objective was to explore how patients and providers derive meaning from patient gowns. A convenience sample at an academic medical center was interviewed utilizing a standardized framework developed by a medical student and two PhD-prepared researchers with experience in qualitative methods. The study was inductive in nature, seeking to understand perceptions of the patient gown through thematic analysis of transcripts within and across interviews. Participants were ten patients (5 women, 5 men; mean (SD) age = 56.4 (19.1)) years, ten nurses (9 women, 1 man; mean (SD) age = 36.5 (13.4)) years, and ten physicians (6 women, 4 men; mean (SD) age = 48.6 (14.4)) years. Themes within patients’ interviews suggest gowns are provider-driven, the design is problematic, gowns reduce self-esteem, and color options would be empowering. Themes within providers’ interviews addressed gowns theoretically vs. practically, attire biases, and distress from seeing patients in gowns. Common themes among groups included: negative first impressions of gowns, ideas for improvement, and barriers to change. This is the first study to ascertain how patients and providers perceive patient gowns and offer the opportunity to describe and sketch an “ideal” alternative. The current gown satisfies neither patients nor providers, and flaws must be addressed to improve patient and provider experiences. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Environment & Hospitality lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework. (http://bit.ly/ExperienceFramework) Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens.
Imaging electrical current density using 0.15 T magnetic resonance imaging system (2005)

Imaging of electrical current density in conducting objects, which contain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) active nuclei, is planned using a 0.15 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. The current to be imaged is externally applied to the object in synchrony with a standard spin-echo pulse sequence. Applied current is a bipolar DC current pulse, which creates a DC current density at each cycle within the object. The applied current pulse creates a measurable magnetic flux density. The component of magnetic flux density parallel to the main magnetic field accumulates an additional phase in the phase of the complex MR image. Magnetic flux density can be extracted using two phase images acquired with and without the current pulse. Measurement of all three components of magnetic flux density makes the reconstruction of current density possible with a spatial resolution equal to the half of the MR resolution. Experiments performed on several phantoms and the results are presented.
Fecal Calprotectin as a Measure of Disease Activity in Childhood Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2001)

Fecal calprotectin seems to reflect bowel inflammation in children with IBD. As a simple, safe, noninvasive test, it has the potential to reduce the number of invasive investigations performed in these children.
Synthesis of phosphorylated recognition marker in lysosomal enzymes is located in the cis part of Golgi apparatus. (1982)

Rat liver membranes were subjected to centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient in which the Golgi apparatus was separated into several subfractions. Two enzymes involved in the synthesis of the phosphorylated recognition marker in lysosomal enzymes, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme precursor N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase and alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphodiesterase fractionated with alpha-1,2-mannosidase, a marker enzyme of cis Golgi membranes and differently from galactosyltransferase, a marker enzyme of trans Golgi membranes.
An Oleate Hydroxylase from the Fungus <i>Claviceps purpurea</i>: Cloning, Functional Analysis, and Expression in Arabidopsis (2008)

Claviceps purpurea, a fungal pathogen responsible for ergot diseases in many agriculturally important cereal crops, produces high levels of ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxyoctadec-cis-9-enoic acid) in its sclerotia. It has been believed for many years that the biosynthesis of this fatty acid in C. purpurea involves a hydration process with linoleic acid as the substrate. Using degenerate polymerase chain reaction, we cloned a gene from the sclerotia encoding an enzyme (CpFAH) that has high sequence similarity to the C. purpurea oleate desaturase, but only low similarity to plant oleate hydroxylases. Functional analysis of CpFAH in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) indicated it acted predominantly as a hydroxylase, introducing hydroxyl groups at the 12-position of oleic acid and palmitoleic acid. As well, it showed Delta(12) desaturase activities on 16C and 18C monounsaturated fatty acids and, to a much lesser extent, omega(3) desaturase activities on ricinoleic acid. Heterologous expression of CpFAH under the guidance of a seed-specific promoter in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) wild-type and mutant (fad2/fae1) plants resulted in the accumulation of relatively higher levels of hydroxyl fatty acids in seeds. These data indicate that the biosynthesis of ricinoleic acid in C. purpurea is catalyzed by the fungal desaturase-like hydroxylase, and CpFAH, the first Delta(12) oleate hydroxylase of nonplant origin, is a good candidate for the transgenic production of hydroxyl fatty acids in oilseed crops.
Salmon calcitonin – a potent inhibitor of food intake in states of impaired leptin signalling in laboratory rodents (2002)

To compare the anorectic effectiveness of leptin and the amylin analogue salmon calcitonin (sCT), rodents were treated on 1 day with subcutaneous injections. In chow-fed C57Bl/6J mice, leptin and sCT reduced energy intake and acted additively. After C57Bl/6J mice had become leptin-resistant on being fed chocolate as a palatable high-caloric supplement to chow, their sCT-induced decrease in energy intake was more pronounced than in chow-fed mice with differential changes in the intake of chocolate (strong reduction) and chow (slight increase). Dose-response relationships for sCT-induced reductions in energy intake were analysed in chow-fed C57Bl/6J mice and two obese strains, ob/ob mice and melanocortin-4 receptor knockout (MC4-r-KO) mice, as well as in wild-type and fatty (fa/fa) rats. Compared to C57Bl/6J mice, reduction in food intake induced by sCT was attenuated in MC4-r-KO mice, and nearly absent in ob/ob mice, over the dose range investigated. Compared to C57Bl/6J mice, wild-type rats responded more sensitively to sCT and its efficiency was only slightly reduced in fatty (fa/fa) rats. Thus, while genetically induced failures of leptin signalling reduce the action of sCT, it effectively inhibits the intake of a palatable, high fat-high sugar diet even in states of diet-induced obesity with functional leptin resistance.
<i>In Vitro</i>Study of Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) Activity of BSH Isogenic<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>80 Strains and Estimation of Cholesterol Lowering through Enhanced BSH Activity (1994)

Growth and bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity of the isogenic Lactobacillus plantarum 80 (LP80) strains were studied in vitro. In pure culture experiments viability and growth performance of the BSH- LP80 strain was negatively affected by the presence of conjugated bile salts. The LP80 wild type (WT) and BSH overproducing LP80 (pCBH1) strains did not show a die-off upon supplementation of bile salts. The latter strains hydrolysed glyco-conjugated deoxycholate (GDCA) more readily than tauro-conjugated deoxycholate (TDCA), indicating substrate specificity of the enzyme. BSH activities towards TDCA of LP80 WT and LP80 (pCBH1) stationary phase cells were 017 and 1.02 μmol/mg CDW.h respectively; activities towards GDCA of the respective strains were 3.52 and 54.80 μmol/mg CDW.h respectively. The study of BSH activity as a function of growth revealed a marked difference in behaviour between LP80 WT and LP80 (pCBH1) with LP80 WT hydrolysing GDCA when reaching the exponential phase, whereas LP80 (pCBH1) immediately started to hydrolyse GDCA. TDCA hydrolysis increased after GDCA hydrolysis was completed. BSH activity of LP80 (pCBH1) in a mixed microbial association, resembling that of the small intestine, was comparable to that determined under pure culture conditions, indicating that BSH activity will probably not be influenced by the presence of the normal intestinal microbiota. Based on the BSH activity of LP80 (pCBHl) and on physiological data on the bile salt-cholesterol metabolism interrelationship, it was calculated that a daily intake of a realistic amount of highly BSH active Lactobacillus cells, e.g. in the form of yoghurt, might lead to a significant reduction of cholesterol. Hence, this in vitro study indicates that altering BSH activity can be a valid (micro) biological alternative treatment for patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia.
Low Density and Temperature Tolerant Alloys for Automotive Applications (2017)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Aluminum alloys containing cerium have excellent castability and retain a substantial fraction of their room temperature strength at temperatures of 200°C and above. High temperature strength is maintained through a thermodynamically trapped, high surface energy intermetallic. Dynamic load partitioning between the aluminum and the intermetallic increases mechanical response. Complex castings have been produced in both permanent mold and sand castings. This versatile alloy system, using an abundant and inexpensive co-product of rare earth mining, is suitable for parts that need to maintain good properties when exposed to temperatures between 200 and 315°C.</div></div>
Resonant Raman scattering in InSb/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Sb superlattices (1993)

Resonant Raman scattering was used to probe the electronic structure of InSb/${\mathrm{In}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$Sb strained-layer superlattices in the region of the ${\mathit{E}}_{1}$ and ${\mathit{E}}_{1}$+${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{1}$ optical gaps. The two sets of peaks observed in the plots of the Raman cross section versus photon energy are shown to originate from the independent electronic transitions in the alternating layers. Estimates of the strain and confinement effects were made and these agree with the observed differences from bulk material.
Regulating Concessions of Toll Motorways, An Empirical Study on Fixed vs. Variable Term Contracts (2007)

Recent theoretical developments on concession contracts for long term infrastructure projects under uncertain demand show the benefits of allowing for flexible term contracts rather than fixing a rigid term. This study presents a simulation to compare both alternatives by using real data from the oldest Spanish toll motorway. For this purpose, we analyze how well the flexible term would have performed instead of the fixed length actually established. Our results show a huge reduction of the term of concession that would have dramatically decreased the firm?s benefits and the user?s overpayment due to the internalization of an unexpected traffic increase.
Assessment of urinary incontinence in nursing homes: level 2. (1994)

Urinary incontinence (UI) care in the nursing home often requires more specialized assessment. The Resident Assessment Profile of the Minimum Data Set can serve as a guide to identify complex conditions associated with UI. When the NP applies more focused assessment and implements appropriate behavioral management, significant improvement in the resident's incontinence and quality of life can be achieved.
Dynamics of Suppressor T Cells (2003)

Immunity in the absence of autoimmunity reflects “self–nonself” discrimination by the immune system. The search for mechanisms preventing autoimmunity or enabling “self” tolerance has been at the root of immunology as evidenced by ample conceptual framework, rhetoric, sophism, and
Prevalence of bacterial pathogens in mastitis disease: Review (2016)

One of the most common and costly disease in dairy industries i.e. Mastitis generally leads to decline in potassium, lactoferrin and casein content in milk. This disease is reported when leucocytes are released into the mammary gland, usually in response to invasion by microorganisms through teat canal. This disease can be recognized or examined ­­­­through phenotypically (external) symptoms (i.e. Swelling, heat, redness, hardness or pain of the udder) and also showed higher somatic cell count in milk samples and lowers its milk quality. There are many bacteria that are responsible for causing mastitis disease . In this review article, we focused on various bacteria that are presently or reported in mastitis disease
Genistein complexes with amines: structure and properties (1998)

New amine complexes of genistein in the crystal and the solution state have been studied by X-ray crystallography and by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The gas-phase structures have been modelled with ab initio quantum chemical calculations. The morpholine–genistein hydrogen bonded complex has been investigated by all the above methods whereas the triethylamine, morpholine and piperazine complexes have been investigated with 1H NOE and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray results show the genistein–morpholine complex to be formed as a result of proton transfer from the genistein OH group at position C7 to the morpholine nitrogen atom. This complex also has the lowest total energy when compared to other possible complexes. The NMR measurements in solution indicate that the protonated amine is in fast exchange between various interaction sites, the most stable complex being formed at position C7 as in the crystal. The ab initio quantum mechanical calculations show that this position is also the best for interactions. The 13C NMR chemical shifts calculated theoretically are in agreement with experimental values.
Optimisation of Lambertian order for indoor non-directed optical wireless communication (2012)

This paper studies the optimised Lambertian order (OLO) of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for an indoor non-directed line of sight optical wireless communication (NLOS-OWC) systems. We firstly derive an expression of the OLO from a conventional Lambertian LED model, Then, we analyse the indoor multi-cell NLOS-OWC channel characteristics including optical power distribution and multipath time dispersion for two cases of one-cell and four-cell configurations. Furthermore, we estimate the transmission bandwidth by simulating the channel frequency response. Numerical results show that, by using OLO a significant improvement of the transmission bandwidth can be achieved for in indoor NLOS-OWC systems, in particular, for multi-cell configurations.
Flow Cytometers (2001)

Abstract Flow cytometers are analytical instruments that offer an advanced technology for rapidly analysing and separating cells and subcellular components based on their physical, biochemical and functional properties. The technology has broad application in the life sciences, in biomedical research and in the clinic, with the range of applications expanding as cytochemical and instrumental capabilities continue to advance.
Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review (2020)

Leveraging the immune system to thwart cancer is not a novel strategy and has been explored via cancer vaccines and use of immunomodulators like interferons. However, it was not until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors that we realized the true potential of immunotherapy in combating cancer. Oncolytic viruses are one such immunotherapeutic tool that is currently being explored in cancer therapeutics. We present the most comprehensive systematic review of all oncolytic viruses in Phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials published to date. We performed a systematic review of all published clinical trials indexed in PubMed that utilized oncolytic viruses. Trials were reviewed for type of oncolytic virus used, method of administration, study design, disease type, primary outcome, and relevant adverse effects. A total of 120 trials were found; 86 trials were available for our review. Included were 60 phase I trials, five phase I/II combination trials, 19 phase II trials, and two phase III clinical trials. Oncolytic viruses are feverously being evaluated in oncology with over 30 different types of oncolytic viruses being explored either as a single agent or in combination with other antitumor agents. To date, only one oncolytic virus therapy has received an FDA approval but advances in bioengineering techniques and our understanding of immunomodulation to heighten oncolytic virus replication and improve tumor kill raises optimism for its future drug development.
SYNERGISTIC ANTITUMOUR ACTIVITY OF VITAMINS C AND K<sub>3</sub>AGAINST HUMAN PROSTATE CARCINOMA CELL LINES (1996)

Vitamins C, K3 (VC, VK3) and a VC/VK3 combination with a VC:VK3 ratio of 100:1 were assayed for their antitumour activity against two human prostatic carcinoma cell lines. Co-administration of the vitamins enhanced the antitumour activity 5- to 20-fold even with a 1 h exposure time. While exogenous catalase destroyed the antitumour activity, hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation was negligible. Analysis of cellular ATP and thiol levels as well as DNA and protein synthesis revealed: a transient increase in ATP production, a decrease in DNA synthesis, an increase in protein synthesis and a decrease in thiol levels. These results suggested that the increased cytotoxicity of the vitamin combination was due to redox cycling and increased oxidative stress.
Field induced domain wall collisions in thin magnetic nanowires (2009)

In a two-dimensional magnetic nanowire, it is possible to engineer collisions between two domain walls put into motion by an externally applied field. We show that the topological defects that define the domain wall can be controlled to allow for both domain wall annihilation and preservation during the collisions as long as the wire remains thin. The preservation process can be used to release pinned domain walls from notches with small applied fields.
Chromosome-wide assessment of replication timing for human chromosomes 11q and 21q: disease-related genes in timing-switch regions (2002)

The completion of the human genome sequence will greatly accelerate development of a new branch of bioscience and provide fundamental knowledge to biomedical research. We used the sequence information to measure replication timing of the entire lengths of human chromosomes 11q and 21q. Megabase-sized zones that replicate early or late in S phase (thus early/late transition) were defined at the sequence level. Early zones were more GC-rich and gene-rich than were late zones, and early/late transitions occurred primarily at positions identical to or near GC% transitions. We also found the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequency was high in the late-replicating and replication-transition regions. In the early/late transition regions, concentrated occurrence of cancer-related genes that include CCND1 encoding cyclin D1 (BCL1), FGF4 (KFGF), TIAM1 and FLI1, was observed. The transition regions contained other disease-related genes including APP associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD1), SOD1 associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS1) and PTS associated with phenylketonuria. These findings are discussed with respect to the prediction that increased DNA damage occurs in replication-transition regions. We propose that genome-wide assessment of replication timing serves as an efficient strategy for identifying disease-related genes.