gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphoryl Transfer from S-Substituted Monoesters of Phosphorothioic Acid to Various Acceptors Catalyzed by Alkaline Phosphatase from Escherichia coli (1969)

Alkaline phosphatase (Escherichia coli) was found to catalyze the synthesis of monophosphate esters of serine, ethanolamine, propanolamine, butanol, glycerol, l-glucose, and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane by phosphoryl transfer from cysteamine S-phosphate (donor) to the respective alcohols (acceptors). Maximum enzymic synthesis of the above esters occurred at pH 7.8. The newly-formed phosphate esters were measured quantitatively after separation of the products by the aid of paper high voltage electrophoresis techniques or by an amino acid analyzer. The percentage of the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of the new phosphate esters varied from 15–39% using different acceptors under otherwise identical experimental conditions. It is pertinent to note that the same compounds were phosphorylated to essentially the same extent when the donor (substrate) compound was serine O -phosphate, aminoethanol O-phosphate or p-nitrophenyl O-phosphate. The rates of enzymic consumption of cysteamine S-phosphate (vh+va) were measured at different pH values and at different concentrations of acceptor (Tris or aminoethanol) in the presence of 1.5 M NaCl using 3 mM substrate (cysteamine S-phosphate). The presence of either Tris or aminoethanol gave the same pH profile for the rate of consumption (vh+va) of cysteamine S-phosphate with a maximum value around pH 7.8. This value differs from that found for the same reaction in barbital buffer (pH 9.0). The rate of enzymic consumption of cysteamine S -phosphate was also measured at various substrate and Tris concentrations at pH 7.8 under constant ionic strength (T/2= 1.0). The same Km value (0.24 mM) was obtained at Tris concentrations varying from 0.02 M to 0.5 M. The Vmax values derived from these experiments were linearly related to the Tris concentrations up to 0.5 M Tris. The pH profile of the rate of consumption of p -nitrophenyl phosphate as well as the Km value (0.26 mM) were similar to the corresponding values obtained for cysteamine S -phosphate. The rate of hydrolysis (vh) could not be measured when cysteamine S -phosphate served as the donor compound due to the instability of cysteamine S-phosphate under the conditions required for inorganic phosphate assay. Therefore, the rate of transfer (va=v RSH –vp1) could not be estimated. The pH dependence of the rate of transfer, va, was calculated from experimental data obtained when p-nitrophenyl phosphate served as the donor compound and Tris served as the acceptor. The pH profile for the rate of transfer, va, obtained from these measurements was very similar to that obtained by direct measurement of Tris O-phosphate formation using cysteamine as the donor. It is suggested that phosphoryl transfer occurs through a phosphorylated enzyme intermediate, and therefore, the types of compounds that could serve as acceptors are independent of the donor compounds and depend only on the bond energy of the particular phosphorylated enzyme intermediate.
The Synthetic Modeling of Language Origins (1997)

This paper surveys work on the computational modeling of the origins and evolution of language. The main approaches are described and some example experiments from the domains of the evolution of communication, phonetics, lexicon formation, and syntax are discussed.
Supporting analysis of future-related information in news archives and the web (2009)

A lot of future-related information is available in news articles or Web pages. This information can however differ to large extent and may fluctuate over time. It is therefore difficult for users to manually compare and aggregate it, and to re-construct the most probable course of future events. In this paper we approach a problem of automatically generating summaries of future events related to queries using data obtained from news archive collections or from the Web. We propose two methods, explicit and implicit future-related information detection. The former is based on analyzing the context of future temporal expressions in documents, while the latter relies on detecting periodical patterns in historical document collections. We present a graph-based visualization of future-related information and demonstrate its usefulness through several examples.
T cells in the central nervous system: messengers of destruction or purveyors of protection? (2014)

Although the destructive effects of an overactive adaptive immune system have been well established, especially in the context of autoimmune diseases, recently an understanding of the beneficial effects of the adaptive immunity in central nervous system (CNS) injuries has emerged. CD4(+) T cells have been shown to benefit injured CNS tissue through various mechanisms; both traditional cytokine signalling and by modulating the phenotype of neural cells in the injury site. One of the major targets of the cytokine signalling in the CNS are myeloid cells, both resident microglia and monocytes, that infiltrate the tissue after injury and whose phenotype; protective or destructive, appears to be directly influenced by T cells. This cross-talk between the adaptive and innate immune systems presents potential new targets that could provide tangible benefits in pathologies that currently have few treatment options.
Multi-Device Authentication using Wearables and IoT (2016)

The paper presents a novel cryptographic authentication scheme that makes use of the presence of electronic devices around users. The scheme makes authentication more secure by involving devices that are usually worn by users (such as smart-watches, fitness bracelets and smart-cards) or are in their proximity (such as sensors, home appliances, etc.). In our scheme, the user private key is distributed over all personal devices thus cannot be compromised by breaking into only a single device. Furthermore, involving wearables and IoT devices makes it possible to use multiple authentication factors, such as user's position, his behavior and the state of the surrounding environment. We provide the full cryptographic specification of the protocol, its formal security analysis and the implementation results in this paper.
Hand-writing Rehabilitation in the Haptic Virtual Environment (2006)

In recent years, virtual reality (VR) has been applied to many medical fields. Rehabilitation with VR technologies is one of the emerging research directions. In this paper, a rehabilitation exercise - English character handwriting training exercise is described in the haptic virtual environment. The approach can be used to guide user's hand movement on the right track of the predefined trajectory according to the real-time guidance force. A haptic device, PHANTOM Premium 1.0, is used for writing English characters as a virtual pen, and also for giving the user force feedbacks as a guidance tool. The user with hand dysfunctions can be trained for precise hand movements through this writing rehabilitation interface. The experimental results and performance analysis are also given in the paper
Homologous Recombination Assay for Interstrand Cross-Link Repair (2011)

DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) covalently link both strands of the DNA duplex, impeding cellular processes like DNA replication. Homologous recombination (HR) is considered to be a major pathway for the repair of ICLs in mammalian cells as mutants for HR components are highly sensitive to DNA-damaging agents that cause ICLs. This chapter describes GFP assays to measure HR following site-specific ICL formation with psoralen through DNA triplex technology. This approach can be used to determine the genetic requirements for ICL-induced HR in relation to those involved in HR repair of other DNA lesions such as double-strand breaks.
Approximate algorithms for the traveling salesperson problem (1974)

Several polynomial time algorithms finding "good," but not necessarily optimal, tours for the traveling salesman problem are considered. For the nearest neighbor method, the worst case ratio of the obtained tour to the optimal tour is shown to increase logarithmically with the number of cities. For another method, which we call the nearest insertion method, the worst case ratio is shown to approach 2 as the number of cities increases. It is also shown that for any n ≥ 8, there are traveling salesman problems with n cities having tours which are k-optimal for all k ≤ n/4, and for which the ratio with respect to the optimal is 2(1 -1/n).
The current state of scenario development: an overview of techniques (2007)

Purpose The paper aims to review all the techniques for developing scenarios that have appeared in the literature, along with comments on their utility, strengths and weaknesses. Design/methodology/approach The study was carried out through an electronic search using internet search engines and online databases and indexes. Findings The paper finds eight categories of techniques that include a total of 23 variations used to develop scenarios. There are descriptions and evaluations for each. Practical implications Futurists can use this list to broaden their repertoire of scenario techniques. Originality/value Scenario development is the stock‐in‐trade of futures studies, but no catalog of the techniques used has yet been published. This list is the start at developing a consensus list of techniques that can be refined as the field matures.
Yeast src homology region 3 domain-binding proteins involved in bud formation. (1996)

The yeast protein Bem1p, which bears two src homology region 3 (SH3) domains, is involved in cell polarization. A Rho-type GTPase, Rho3p, is involved in the maintenance of cell polarity for bud formation, and the rho3 defect is suppressed by a high dose of BEM1. Mutational analysis revealed that the second SH3 domain from the NH2 terminus (SH3-2) of Bem1p is important for the functions of Bem1p in bud formation and in the suppression of the rho3 defect. Boi2p, which bound to SH3-2 Bem1p, was identified using the two-hybrid system. Boi2p has a proline-rich sequence that is critical for displaying the Boi2p-Bem1p two-hybrid interaction, an SH3 domain in its NH2-terminal half, and a pleckstrin homology domain in its COOH-terminal half. A BOI2 homologue, BOI1, was identified as a gene whose overexpression inhibited cell growth. Cells overexpressing either BOI1 or BOI2 were arrested as large, round, and unbudded cells, indicating that the Boi proteins affect cell polarization. Genetic analysis revealed that BOI1 and BOI2 are functionally redundant and important for cell growth. delta boi1 delta boi2 cells became large round cells or lysed with buds, displaying defects in bud formation and in the maintenance of cell polarity. Analysis using several truncated versions of BOI2 revealed that the COOH-terminal half, which contains the pleckstrin homology domain is essential for the function of Boi2p in cell growth, while the NH2-terminal half is not, and the NH2-terminal half might be required for modulating the function of Bem1p. Overproduction of either Rho3p or the Rho3p-related GTPase Rho4p suppressed the boi defect. These results demonstrate that Rho3p GTPases and Boi proteins function in the maintenance of cell polarity for bud formation.
Early human trophoblast cell cultures. A morphological and immunocytochemical study. (1989)

Rapidly growing cytotrophoblasts were isolated from early human chorionic villi and the Papanicolaou method was used to characterize their cytology and transformation into syncytiotrophoblasts. Cytotrophoblasts fused and formed binucleated cells or mononucleated intermediate cells. Syncytial cells were formed by fusion of small cytotrophoblasts or intermediate cells and cytotrophoblasts. Glycosaminoglycans were produced in cytotrophoblasts and released extracellularly. Here they were accumulated and/or diffused into a continuous layer covering the cells. Glycosaminoglycans in syncytial cells were contained in well defined membranous sacs. Cytotrophoblasts only grown beyond confluence differentiated into villi with a villus-like histology.
The influence of delivery rate on the chemistry and biological effects of nitric oxide (1993)

Nitric oxide can be introduced slowly and steadily into aqueous solutions, including cell culture media, over extended periods of time via semipermeable Silastic (a registered trademark of the Dow Corning Corp.) polymer membranes. The rates of introduction are predictable and reproducible and can approach rates of nitric oxide production by stimulated cells, such as macrophages, that express inducible nitric oxide synthases. DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary cells by membrane-delivered nitric oxide is comparable to that observed in the DNA of stimulated macrophages. Toxicity and mutagenicity of nitric oxide toward Salmonella typhimurium, toxicity of nitric oxide toward Chinese hamster ovary cells, and nitrosation of dimethylmorpholine are all more efficient when nitric oxide is delivered by membrane than when an equivalent amount of gaseous nitric oxide is added by syringe.
Intestinal glucose absorption capability of high, medium and non-laying birds (1994)

Intestinal glucose uptake was measured in vivo using ligated upper ileum in high, medium and nonlaying RIR birds.The biochemical changes in blood and absorbing cells of intestine of these birds were also studied. Significanlly higher glucose absorption by the intestine was observed in the birus, laying either 50%(medium) orno eggs (non-layer). Significant increase in the activity of alkaline phospbatase in the mucosal homogenstes, prepared from the non-ligated ileum, was observed in these groups also. No significant difference in egg-yolk cholesterol was observed between medium and high laying birds although them was a sharp increase in plasma cholesterol level in non-layers which declined in the egg-producing birds. Rate of lay did not change the plasma glucose concentration though higher plasma proLein concentrations were found in high producing birds.
Durhamycin, a Pentaene Antifungal Antibiotic from <i>Streptomyces durhamensis</i> sp. n (1966)

Durhamycin, derived from a previously undescribed soil isolate, is an apparently new antibiotic active against many of the fungi pathogenic for man and animals. Cultural and morphological characteristics and biochemical reactions of Streptomyces durhamensis are detailed. Methods of extraction of the antibiotic, physicochemical properties, antimicrobial spectrum, and results of mouse toxicity and protection tests are given.
Oxide-Dispersed Iron Alloys (1976)

As part of a programme to develop novel iron-base superalloys, several oxide-dispersed pure iron alloys were prepared by the technique of mechanical alloying and hot extrusion of powders. The refractory oxides (AI 203, Ce02, Cr203, Si02, and Y203) were added at the 2 wt.-% level. Control alloys were also prepared without refractory oxide additions. The distribution of the oxide phase was observed metallographically in . as-extruded material and in material. exposed at 1250° C for 72 h. There was good correlation between .the observed microstructure and the roomtemperature mechanical properties. The dispersed oxides were extracted from the metal matrix' and identified by X -ray diffraction as mixed oxides with iron (spinels and perovskites) formed by reaction between the added refractory oxides and contaminant oxygen present during fabrication. The degree of oxide coarsening observed after heat-treatment varied with the oxide addition and was least for the chromiacontaining alloy. Attempts to correlate this effect with the parameters in the- Wagner equation, which is usually used: to describe such behaviour, proved unsuccessful. The coarsening could not be related to the known~thermodynamic stabilities of either the added. single oxides or the mixed oxides. However, a correlation with the melting temperatures of the mixed oxides was observed. Some theoretical implications, and practical consequences for the design of oxidedispersed-super alloys, are discussed.
Synthetic studies on wortmannin and 11-desacetoxywortmannin (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies on wortmannin and 11-desacetoxywortmanninChris A. Broka and Beatrice RuhlandCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 18, 4888–4894Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00044a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00044a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views383Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Shape Prior Deformation for Categorical 6D Object Pose and Size Estimation (2020)

We present a novel learning approach to recover the 6D poses and sizes of unseen object instances from an RGB-D image. To handle the intra-class shape variation, we propose a deep network to reconstruct the 3D object model by explicitly modeling the deformation from a pre-learned categorical shape prior. Additionally, our network infers the dense correspondences between the depth observation of the object instance and the reconstructed 3D model to jointly estimate the 6D object pose and size. We design an autoencoder that trains on a collection of object models and compute the mean latent embedding for each category to learn the categorical shape priors. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms the state of the art. Our code is available at https://github.com/mentian/object-deformnet.
[Studies on the polysaccharide SGPS2 from the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii]. (2010)

SGPS2 was composed of rhamnose and curonic acid.
General Technique for Communications Protocol Validation (1978)

A technique for the validation of protocols in communications systems is described. It can be used for systems composed of processes that can be modeled as finite directed graphs. The validation exhaustively exercises the interaction domain of a system and identifies all occurrences of a number of well-defined error conditions. The method can detect when individual processes have no predefined response to incoming messages, as well as system deadlocks and potential loss of messages due to overflow conditions.
Microwave-Assisted Syntheses of <i>N</i>-Heterocycles Using Alkenone-, Alkynone- and Aryl-carbonyl <i>O</i>-Phenyl Oximes: Formal Synthesis of Neocryptolepine (2008)

This research aimed to provide a new and "clean" synthetic method that would enable both known and novel N-heterocycles to be prepared efficiently. O-Phenyl oximes were found to be excellent precursors for iminyl radicals with a variety of acceptor side chains. Dihyropyrroles were made in good yields from O-phenyl oximes containing pent-4-ene acceptors. The analogous process with a hex-5-enyl acceptor did not yield a dihydropyridine, probably because the 6-exo-trig ring closure of the iminyl radical was too slow to compete with H-atom abstraction. The iminyl radical from a precursor with a pent-4-yne type side chain underwent ring closure followed by rearrangement to afford a pyrrole derivative. Suitably substituted iminyl radicals ring closed readily onto aromatic acceptors, thus enabling several polycyclic systems to be accessed. Quinolines were made from 3-phenylpropanones via their O-phenyl oximes. Syntheses of phenanthridines starting from 2-formylbiphenyls were particularly efficient, and this approach enabled the natural product trisphaeridine to be made. Starting from 2-phenylnicotinaldehyde derivatives, ring closures of the derived iminyl radicals onto the phenyl rings yielded benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridines. Similarly, ring closure onto a phenyl ring from a benzothiophene-based iminyl yielded a benzo[b]thieno[2,3-c]quinoline. By way of contrast, iminyl radical ring closure onto pyridine rings was not observed. However, iminyl radicals did cyclize onto indoles, enabling indolopyridines to be prepared. The latter route was exploited in a short formal synthesis of neocryptolepine starting from 2-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)cyclohexanone.
4H-SiC continuous wave SITs (2003)

4H SiC Static Induction Transistors (SITs) have shown extraordinary power density exceeding 60 kW/cm/sup 2/. These devices have shown pulsed power of 700 W in L-band and 300 W in S-band for RADAR applications. In current SIT designs the footprint of the device dictates both gate to drain capacitance and the power density. Consequently for common source circuits there is a trade-off between high frequency response-which calls for low gate to drain capacitance from a small footprint; and high continuous wave (CW) output power-which requires a large footprint so as to dissipate heat.
Giant Magnetoelectric Effect in Thin‐Film Composites (2013)

Highly sensitive AC magnetic field sensors are presented using magnetoelectric composites consisting of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases. They are offering passive nature, high sensitivity, large effect enhancement at mechanical resonance, and large linear dynamic range. Thin‐film magnetoelectric 2‐2 composites benefit from perfect coupling between the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases and from the reduction in size which is essential for high spatial resolution. Their design uses AlN and a plate capacitor or PZT with interdigital electrodes and magnetostrictive amorphous FeCoSiB single layers or exchanged biased multilayers. At mechanical resonance and depending on the geometry, extremely high ME coefficients of up to 9.7 kV/cm Oe in air and up to 19 kV/cm Oe under vacuum were obtained. To avoid external DC magnetic bias fields, composites consisting of exchanged biased multilayers serving as the magnetostrictive component with a maximum magnetoelectric coefficient at zero magnetic bias field are employed. Furthermore, the anisotropic response of these exchanged biased composites can be utilized for three‐dimensional vector field sensing. Sensitivity and noise of the sensors revealed limits of detection as good as to 2.3 pT/Hz 1/2 at mechanical resonance. Sensitivity between 0.1 and 1000 Hz outside resonance can be enhanced through frequency conversion using AC magnetic bias fields.