gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria in the Era of Complement Inhibitory Therapy (2011)

Despite the availability of safe, effective targeted therapy that controls intravascular hemolysis, the management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) remains complicated because of disease heterogeneity and close association with BM failure syndromes. The purpose of this review is to provide a framework for individualizing treatment based on disease classification. According to the recommendations of the International PNH Interest Group, patients can be placed into one of the following 3 categories: (1) classic PNH, (2) PNH in the setting of another BM failure syndrome, or (3) subclinical PNH. The PNH clone in patients with subclinical disease is insufficiently large to produce even biochemical evidence of hemolysis, and consequently, patients who fit into this category require no PNH-specific therapy. Patients with PNH in the setting of another BM failure syndrome (usually aplastic anemia or low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome) have at least biochemical evidence of hemolysis, but typically the PNH clone is small (< 10%) so that hemolysis does not contribute significantly to the underlying anemia. In these cases, the focus of treatment is on the BM failure component of the disease. Intravascular hemolysis is the dominant feature of classic PNH, and this process is blocked by the complement inhibitor eculizumab. The thrombophilia of PNH also appears to be ameliorated by eculizumab, but the drug has no effect on the BM failure component of the disease. Low-grade extravascular hemolysis due to complement C3 opsonization develops in most patients treated with eculizumab, and in some cases is a cause for suboptimal response to treatment. Allogeneic BM transplantation can cure classic PNH, but treatment-related toxicity suggests caution for this approach to management.
Analog in-memory subthreshold deep neural network accelerator (2017)

Low duty-cycle mobile systems can benefit from ultra-low power deep neural network (DNN) accelerators. Analog in-memory computational units are used to store synaptic weights in on-chip non-volatile arrays and perform current-based calculations. In-memory computation entirely eliminates off-chip weight accesses, parallelizes operation, and amortizes readout power costs by reusing currents. The proposed system achieves 900nW measured power, with an estimated energy efficiency of 0.012pJ/MAC in a 130nm SONOS process.
Reversible Charge Trapping/Detrapping in a Photoconductive Insulator of Liquid Crystal Zinc Porphyrin (1997)

A molecular crystal of zinc octakis(β-decoxyethyl) porphyrin (ZnODEP) is an insulator in the dark and becomes conductive under irradiation. An externally controllable charge trapping and detrapping within ZnODEP thin films (∼1 μm) occurs when symmetrical sandwich cells of ITO/ZnODEP/ITO are irradiated under a proper bias voltage between two parallel ITO (indium−tin oxide) electrodes. The trapping and detrapping rise time is on the nanosecond time scale. Detrapping of charge stored previously in the cell could be accomplished with pulse irradiation under short-circuit conditions and gives rise to a discharge current spike. Trapped charge induced by a 10 ns laser pulse or by longer time irradiation with a conventional light source could be sensed by a voltage measurement at open circuit. No loss of stored charge was detectable at a 1 pA level for a period of 11 months under open circuit conditions in the dark. After charge trapping with 550 nm light irradiation (10 μW/cm2) under a bias of 0.5 V, the stored charge induced a voltage difference of ∼20 mV between the two ITO electrodes. This voltage difference was stable for at least 2000 h with no evidence of decay. These results suggest that ZnODEP as a thin film photoconductive insulator might serve as a memory medium for electrooptical information storage in the form of charge. Such a data storage system would be nonvolatile and rewritable. We have shown that a memory element could be subjected to write (trapping)/erase (detrapping) 1.5 billion times with a readout signal that was essentially identical with the first without any evidence of deterioration. To find attainable resolution, charge was injected with a scanning tunneling microscope tip under different bias. For a 6 V bias, charge was trapped in an element of 40 nm diameter, equivalent to a storage density of 8 × 1010 bits/cm2.
Attempts on the Preparation of Lithium Trialkoxyborohydrides. Stability and Stereoselective Reduction of Cyclic Ketones (1986)

The reaction of potassium trialkoxyborohydrides of varying steric requirements with lithium chloride in tetrahydrofuran(THF) was examined in detail to establish the generality of this synthesis of the corresponding lithium trialkoxyborohydrides. The metal ion exchange reaction between potassium triisopropoxyborohydride and lithium chloride in THF proceeded instantly at room temperature and the corresponding lithium salt was very stable toward disproportionation. However, for R = s-Bu, t-Bu and 2-methylcyclohexyl, with increasing steric requirement, the lithium derivatives were unstable and thus dissociated into . The stereoselectivity of lithium triisopropoxyborohydride(LIPBH) in the reduction of representative cyclic ketones was examined and compared with that of the potassium derivative.
Chronic Morphine Administration Enhances Nociceptive Sensitivity and Local Cytokine Production after Incision (2008)

The enhanced level of nociceptive sensitization seen after incision in animals chronically exposed to morphine is associated with elevated levels of several cytokines previously reported to be relevant to this incisional pain model. The cytokines may be functional in supporting nociceptive sensitization because pentoxifylline reverses both peri-incisional skin cytokine levels and OIH. Opioid administration beginning at the time of incision does not seem to have the same cytokine enhancing effect. Approaches to postoperative pain control involving a reduction of cytokines may be an effective way to control excessive pain in patients chronically using opioids prior to surgical procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: A Molybdate Treatment for Enhancing the Passivity of Aluminum in Chloride‐Containing Environments. (1990)

Abstract It is demonstrated that the pitting resistance of aluminum can be significantly improved by electrochemical incorporation of Mo into the aluminum passive film.
Associated factors for age related maculopathy in the adult population in China: the Beijing eye study (2006)

Hyperopic refractive error besides age was the single most important risk factor for ARM in adult Chinese. Other associated factors were rural region and lower level of education.
In-Capillary Screening of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Electrophoretically Mediated Microanalysis with Fluorescence Detection (2010)

A capillary electrophoresis-based method with enzymatic reaction inside the capillary for the screening of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors has been developed. MMP-2 and MMP-9, which have been considered as promising targets for cancer therapy, were selected as the model enzymes. The hydrolysis of a fluorogenic substrate catalyzed by MMPs was determined by measuring the increase in fluorescence. For high-throughput screening, the short-end injection was employed. The enzyme, substrate containing inhibitors, and enzyme solutions were injected from the outlet of the capillary via the sandwich mode. They were mixed by alternating the potential at positive and negative polarities. Online hydrolysis, separation, and detection were achieved in 70 s with approximately 0.87 fmol of MMP required for each assay. The applicability of electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) with fluorescence detection to estimate the inhibitory mechanism and to determine the IC(50) values was evaluated for two natural inhibitors, epigallocatechin gallate and oleic acid. A few other natural compounds such as resveratrol, quercetin, caffeic acid, glucosamine, and doxycycline were also screened to test their inhibitory potency. The results obtained were compared with those obtained by offline enzyme assay and confirm the effectiveness of the present method. A rapid, cost-effective, and fully automated method for MMP inhibitor screening is proposed.
A new X-ray spectrometer with large focusing crystal analyzer (2005)

A new focusing spectrometer employing Johann geometry has been built and permanently installed at the wiggler beamline W1 at the Hamburger Synchrotron Strahlungslabor (HASYLAB) am Deutschen Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY). It is now available for user operation. The design of the spectrometer is optimized for the use of a large source spot size at the DORIS storage ring as well as for simple operation and robustness under user-mode conditions. Nevertheless, the ideal source for enlarging the number of possible applications in the future would be an undulator at one of the PETRA III beamlines. In the following the spectrometer design is described and boundary conditions such as the available energy range for future experiments are discussed. Two benchmark experiments, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) and X-ray absorption fluorescence spectroscopy (XAFS), on samples with complicated matrices demonstrate the performance of the new instrument.
A new independent component analysis for speech recognition and separation (2006)

This paper presents a novel nonparametric likelihood ratio (NLR) objective function for independent component analysis (ICA). This function is derived through the statistical hypothesis test of independence of random observations. A likelihood ratio function is developed to measure the confidence toward independence. We accordingly estimate the demixing matrix by maximizing the likelihood ratio function and apply it to transform data into independent component space. Conventionally, the test of independence was established assuming data distributions being Gaussian, which is improper to realize ICA. To avoid assuming Gaussianity in hypothesis testing, we propose a nonparametric approach where the distributions of random variables are calculated using kernel density functions. A new ICA is then fulfilled through the NLR objective function. Interestingly, we apply the proposed NLR-ICA algorithm for unsupervised learning of unknown pronunciation variations. The clusters of speech hidden Markov models are estimated to characterize multiple pronunciations of subword units for robust speech recognition. Also, the NLR-ICA is applied to separate the linear mixture of speech and audio signals. In the experiments, NLR-ICA achieves better speech recognition performance compared to parametric and nonparametric minimum mutual information ICA.
A Comprehensive Study of Bluetooth Fingerprinting-Based Algorithms for Localization (2013)

There is an increasing demand for indoor navigation and localization systems along with the increasing popularity of location based services in recent years. According to past researches, Bluetooth is a promising technology for indoor wireless positioning due to its cost-effectiveness and easy-to-deploy feature. This paper studied three typical fingerprinting-based positioning algorithms - kNN, Neural Networks and SVM. According to our analysis and experimental results, the kNN regression method is proven to be a good candidate for localization in real-life application. Comprehensive performance comparisons including accuracy, precision and training time are presented.
Nongelling Components from Gelatin Gels: Extraction and Identification (1975)

Appreciable fractions of gelatin are. found to pcrsist in a mobilc, sol phase whcn rigid gels are examined by scd,mcntatlon (Johnson and Metcalfe, 1967) and, as In thc prescnt study, by proton magnctic rcsonance and extraction mcthods. Aqueous cxtractions on thin layer~ of 4 per cenl gels have pcrmilled isolation of thc sol fraction. This frnclion, at a given Icmperature bclow the melung Point, IS hown (by muluplc gcl-extract-melt cycles) to consist of a significant weight fraction (10 per cent or greater at 18°C, dependll1g upon the gelatin source). Amino aCid analyses provide strong cvidence that the sol fraction consists mainly of α2 chains or fragmcnts thcreof. A value of Mw≈-3 . 104 was found for the sol fraction isolated in this study.
Structure, biosynthesis, and localization of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase B, an integral membrane glycoprotein of the yeast vacuole. (1989)

We have characterized the structure, biogenesis, and localization of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase B (DPAP B), a membrane protein of the yeast vacuole. An antibody specific for DPAP B recognizes a 120-kD glycoprotein in yeast that behaves like an integral membrane protein in that it is not removed from membranes by high pH Na2CO3 treatment. Inspection of the deduced amino acid sequence of DPAP B reveals a hydrophobic domain near the NH2 terminus that could potentially span a lipid bilayer. The in vitro enzymatic activity and apparent molecular weight of DPAP B are unaffected by the allelic state of PEP4, a gene essential for the proteolytic activation of a number of soluble vacuolar hydrolases. DPAP B is synthesized as a glycosylated precursor that is converted to the mature 120-kD species by carbohydrate addition. The precursor form of DPAP B accumulates in sec mutants (Novick, P., C. Field, and R. Schekman. 1980. Cell. 21:205-215) that are blocked at the ER (sec18) or Golgi apparatus (sec7), but not at secretory vesicles (sec1). Immunolocalization of DPAP B in wild-type or sec1 mutant cells shows that the protein resides in the vacuolar membrane. However, it is present in non-vacuolar compartments in sec18 and sec7 cells, confirming that the delivery of DPAP B is blocked in these mutants. Interestingly, DPAP B appears to stain the nuclear envelope in a sec18 mutant, which is consistent with the accumulation of DPAP B in the ER membrane at the restrictive temperature. These results suggest that soluble and membrane-bound vacuolar proteins use the same stages of the secretory pathway for their transport.
Auto Theft and Its Prevention (1992)

Auto theft makes a substantial contribution to the crime statistics of the United States. Eleven percent of all Uniform Crime Report index crimes in 1989 and 12 percent of crimes reported in the Victim Risk Supplement to the National Crime Survey comprised thefts of and from vehicles. Auto theft is even more prevalent in other developed countries, particularly when theft rates are calculated per vehicles registered. Marked urban/rural and intercity variations are only partly explained by variations in overall levels of crime or in the availability of vehicles. Many thefts involve cars parked in the street at night, and automobile models vary greatly in their vulnerability to theft. Auto theft has not increased more than other important property crimes in the United States during the last thirty years but may have come increasingly under the domain of more adult, organized offenders. Even so, thefts for temporary use and joyriding outnumber professional thefts by at least two to one. In turn, these forms of auto theft are outnumbered by thefts from vehicles (including components) by about five to one. The most promising preventive approach is through the manufacture of more secure vehicles. Improved documentation of ownership and environmental modifications at parking lots might also yield some gains.
Design Of High Speed Fir Filter On Fpga By Using Multiplexer Array Optimization In Da-Obc Algorithm (2016)

The main objective of the project is to implement FIR filter on FPGA using Distributed Arithmetic-Offset Binary Coding (DA-OBC) reduction technique. Digital filtering algorithms are most commonly implemented using general purpose digital signal processing chips for audio applications, or special purpose digital filtering chips and application- specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for higher rates. This paper describes an approach to the implementation of digital filter algorithms based on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Implementing hardware design in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is a formidable task. There is more than one way to implement the digital FIR filter. Based on the design specification, careful choice of implementation method and tools can save a lot of time and work. Mat Lab is an excellent tool to design filters. There are toolboxes available to generate VHDL descriptions of the filters which reduce dramatically the time required to generate a solution. Time can be spent evaluating different implementation alternatives. Computation algorithms are required that exploit the FPGA architecture to make it efficient in terms of speed and/or area. By using this algorithm, memory size can be reduced and also the speed of the operation can be increased. The FIR filter can be simulated on FPGA device by VHDL language in MODEL SIM and simulation on MATLAB is in this project.
A concatenated scheme to improve the performance of polar codes on symmetric memoryless channels (2014)

The performance of Polar codes has been proved to achieve the Shannon capacity when N, the block length, tends to infinity. However, finite block length performance of Polar codes is rather poor compared to other capacity approaching codes such as LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check) codes. In this paper, we propose a concatenated scheme with a polar code as an inner code and a Reed-Solomon code as an outer code to improve the performance over the binary erasure channel. Since the error pattern at the output of the polar decoder is not uniform, it is necessary to carefully devise an interleaver to map those bits with higher error probability to certain symbols of the Reed-Solomon code. To use the proposed scheme on other symmetric channels, one has to redesign the polar code component using density evolution technique which may not be practical. We therefore use a simplified scheme where the design is achieved using the erasure channel code design. We then show that the proposed concatenated scheme outperforms polar codes as well as Spatially-Coupled LDPC codes of the same rate and block length on symmetric channels.
Growth and electronic structure of boron-doped graphene (2013)

The doping of graphene to tune its electronic properties is essential for its further use in carbon-based electronics. Adapting strategies from classical silicon-based semiconductor technology, we use the incorporation of heteroatoms in the 2D graphene network as a straightforward way to achieve this goal. Here, we report on the synthesis of boron-doped graphene on Ni(111) in a chemical vapor deposition process of triethylborane on the one hand and by segregation of boron from the bulk of the substrate crystal on the other hand. The chemical environment of boron was determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy was used to analyze the impact on the band structure. Doping with boron leads to a shift of the graphene bands to lower binding energies. The shift depends on the doping concentration and for a doping level of 0.3 ML a shift of up to 1.2 eV is observed. The experimental results are in agreement with density-functional calculations. Furthermore, our calculations suggest that doping with boron leads to graphene preferentially adsorbed in the top-fcc geometry, since the boron atoms in the graphene lattice are then adsorbed at substrate fcc-hollow sites. The smaller distance of boron atoms incorporated into graphene compared to graphene carbon atoms leads to a bending of the doped graphene sheet in the vicinity of the boron atoms. By comparing calculations of doped and undoped graphene on Ni(111), as well as the respective freestanding cases, we are able to distinguish between the effects that doping and adsorption have on the band structure of graphene. Both doping and bonding to the surface result in opposing shifts on the graphene bands.
Freeze-drying of protein pharmaceutical in vials with different character (2019)

Freeze-drying of protein pharmaceuticals is a procedure frequently used to obtain stability of the active pharmaceutical ingredientduring distribution and storage. It can be performed in pre-filled syringes, with a lubricous coating of silicone on the inside, to enable the piston moving. The coating changes the environment potentially affecting the features of the freeze-dried cake since the wetting behavior and adhesion to the inner wall is affected.This project aimed to investigate the effect of the siliconization of the cakes. Three different formulations were freeze-dried in nonsiliconized (NS) and siliconized vials using different siliconization protocols. Analysis was done using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA),scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and an embedding method, intended to give information about the cake’s shrinkage, cracking and pore-structure. The water content in the bottom of the cakes was consistently higher than in the top, a difference decreasing over time. Increased surface hydrophobicity lead to increased shrinkage of the cake’s volume and a decrease in fogging. The bottom of the protein cake in the vial siliconized with a commercial silicone emulsion consisted of pores with regularly equal pore size and thick pore walls, a structure not seen in any other cake. All cakes in the silicone emulsion siliconized vials had lower water content than the cakes in the vials using the other siliconization method. The XPS-analysis showed that the cakes in the emulsion siliconized vials contained silicon, indicating an excess of silicone when siliconizing and/or an unstable coating.
Induction of CD4+, human T lymphotropic virus type-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from patients with HAM/TSP. Recognition of an immunogenic region of the gp46 envelope glycoprotein of human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (1991)

Although the humoral response to human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-I) has been well characterized in patients with HTLV-I-associated neurologic disease (HAM/TSP), little is known about a functional HTLV-I-specific human T cell response, such as CTL, in these patients. To define both the phenotype of the responding CTL and the fine specificity of this response, long term T cell lines were generated from two HAM/TSP patients who were from two different countries. Patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes were repeatedly stimulated in vitro with an HTLV-I expressing autologous T cell line. The resultant long term T cell culture was shown to be CD4+ and cytotoxic for targets expressing HTLV-I Ag. Using a panel of synthetic peptides that span hydrophilic regions of the HTLV-I gp46 envelope glycoprotein, the CTL lines generated from both patients were shown to recognize the same region of the HTLV-I envelope between amino acids 196-209 as defined by the synthetic peptide sp4a1. Interestingly, this sequence overlaps a region of HTLV-I envelope that had also been shown to elicit a strong B cell response in HAM/TSP patients (amino acids 190-203). One CTL line recognized this HTLV-I epitope in the context of HLA DQ5 whereas the other CTL line was restricted by HLA DRw16. The generation of two independent CTL lines from two HAM/TSP patients from different geographic areas that recognize the same region of the HTLV-I envelope glycoprotein highlights the immunogenic nature of this envelope region.
Large scale MIMO transmission technology in the architecture of cloud base-station (2012)

A large scale MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) system with cloud base-station (BS) architecture is proposed to address the lack of spectrum resource. Potential transmission schemes including uplink training and downlink precoding are described and analyzed in this paper. The novel system is designed to mitigate interferences among users and make full use of spatial multiplexing gain. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and advantage of the RZF-MMSE (regularized zero forcing with MMSE criterion) precoding and illustrate the significant system performance improvement with the deployment of large scale MIMO.