gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparing for financial restructuring in the electric utility industry (1997)

The deregulation of the electric utility industry has been well publicized and much discussed both inside and outside the industry. This deregulation produces the prospect of uncertainty in an industry that has known some level of certainty through the rate of return standards imposed by regulators to set rates, and thereby support revenues. Accordingly, the historical concept of used and useful will no longer be the determining factor in calculating return. This change may produce economic dislocation given the capital intensity within the electric utility industry. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has clearly indicated that it intends to create a competitive marketplace for electric power. It will accomplish this by allowing any generation source open access to transmission lines that have been previously controlled by vertically-integrated utilities. As a result, certain assets, such as distribution assets and some portion of transmission assets, will continue to be rate of return regulated; however, the remaining electric utility assets will most likely be subject to competitive market returns. The paper discusses electric utility deregulation and the regulatory compact and managing the reallocation of value.
Optical properties of nearly stacking-fault-free m-plane GaN homoepitaxial films grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy on low defect density freestanding GaN substrates (2008)

Prospective optical properties were demonstrated for nearly stacking fault-free m-plane GaN homoepitaxial films grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy on the m-plane freestanding GaN substrates. Values of full width at half maximum of x-ray rocking curves were close to the substrate values being 31arcsec for the (101¯0) diffraction with ⟨0001⟩ azimuth and 48arcsec for the (101¯2) diffraction. Threading dislocation densities were lower than 5×106cm−2. The film surfaces exhibited atomically flat morphology with well-aligned monolayer steps. Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibited polarization-dependent well-resolved bound and free exciton emission lines, and a characteristic π(k⊥c,E∥c)-polarized PL line was also observed. Room-temperature effective PL lifetime of the free exciton peak increased with increasing supply ratio of ammonia to trimethylgallium, and a record long value for m-plane GaN (268ps) was obtained.
Regulation of melanocortin 1 receptor in allergic rhinitis <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2016)

MC1R-positive basophils accumulate in the nasal mucosa of patients with AR after nasal allergen provocation. Since α-MSH suppresses proinflammatory effector functions in human basophils via the MC1R, it constitutes an interesting novel target for modulating the allergic inflammatory response.
Larvicidal Activity of Lignans Identified in <i>Phryma leptostachya </i>Var. <i>asiatica </i>Roots against Three Mosquito Species (2005)

The insecticidal activity of phytochemicals isolated from the roots of Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica against third instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens, Aedes aegypti, and Ocheratatos togoi was examined. The two constituents of P. leptostachya var. asiatica roots were identified as the leptostachyol acetate (I) and 8'-acetoxy-2,2',6-trimethoxy-3,4,4',5'-dimethylenedioxyphenyl-7,7'-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (II) by spectroscopic analysis. Compound I was lethal to C. pipiens pallens, A. aegypti, and O. togoi at 10 ppm. Compound II showed weak or no insecticidal activity against three mosquito species at 10 ppm. The LC(50) values of I against C. pipiens pallens, A. aegypti, and O. togoi were 0.41, 2.1, and 2.3 ppm, respectively. Naturally occurring P. leptostachya var. asiatica root-derived compounds merit further study as potential mosquito larval control agents or lead compounds.
The riddle of the dual expression of IgM and IgD (2006)

Signalling through the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) is required for peripheral B lymphocyte maturation, maintenance, activation and silencing. In mature B cells, the antigen receptor normally consists of two isotypes, membrane IgM and IgD (mIgM, mIgD). Although the signals initiated from both isotypes differ in kinetics and intensity, in vivo, the BCR of either isotype seems to be able to compensate for the loss of the other, reflected by the mild phenotypes of mice deficient for mIgM or mIgD. Thus, it is still unclear why mature B cells need expression of mIgD in addition to mIgM. In the current review we suggest that the view that IgD has a simply definable function centred around the basic signalling function should be replaced by the assumption that IgD fine tunes humoral responses, modulates B cell selection and homeostasis and thus shapes the B cell repertoire, defining IgD to be a key modulator of the humoral immune response.
주부들의 식생활에 대한 관심도와 조리원리 및 조리방법 지식에 관한 연구 (1992)

This study attempted to investigate the effect of housemaker`s interest in dietary life on the knowledge of cooking principles and cooking methods, and on the daily meal management. Housemakers whose age ranged from 20 to 50 were surveyed in their residence. The results of this study were as follows. First, the level of interest in dietary life was positively related with ages, eduation and income levels. Moreover, housemaker who did not work or did not take care of relatives had higher level of interest in dietary life than those who did. Second, most housemakers bought foods and prepared a meal by themselves. The average time spent in preparing meals was 2 to 3 hours, and the number of side dishes cooked per day expect for the main dish was 5.46 percent of the total respondents ate out more than once a month for a `family tie`. Third, there was no relation between the knowlege of cooking principle and the variables such as ages, education and income levels. Fourth, the level of the knowledge of cooking method about Korean traditional dishes was positively related with ages, eduation and income levels. In addition, housemakers who did not work or did not take care of relatives had less knowledge of Korean traditional dishes than those who did. Finally, the interest in dietary life was significantly correlated with the knowlege of cooking principle and cooking method of Korean traditional dishes.
Chromosomal mutation that affects excretion of hemolysin in Escherichia coli (1984)

Two types of mutants unable to excrete hemolysin were obtained when E. coli 5K carrying the multicopy hemolytic recombinant plasmid pANN202-312 was mutagenized with Mu d1. One type is altered in the plasmid hly-specific gene, hlyBb, but the other is caused by an insertion of Mu d1 into a chromosomal locus.
[The role of cell surface bacterial lectins in the aggregation of Azospirilla]. (2002)

The mutant strain Azospirillum brasilense Sp7.2.3 with impaired lectin activity exhibited poorer cell aggregation than its parent strain A. brasilense Sp7(S) both in the exponential and stationary growth phases. The pretreatment of bacterial cells with the specific haptens (L-fucose and D-galactose) of a lectin located at the cell surface of the mutant strain was found to inhibit the aggregation of azospirilla. The specific binding of the A. brasilense Sp7(S) lectin to the extracellular polysaccharide-containing complexes of this strain was revealed by dot immunoblotting on nitrocellulose membrane filters. The interaction of the lectins of A. brasilense 75, A. brasilense Sp7, and A. lipoferum 59b with the polysaccharide-containing complexes that were isolated from these strains was not specific. No interstrain cross-interaction between the exopolysaccharides and lectins of azospirilla was found. A coflocculation of A. brasilense Sp7 cells with Bacillus polymyxa 1460 cells was shown. The involvement of autogenous lectins in the aggregation of bacterial cells is discussed.
Kinetics of the hydrolysis of the potentially pesticidal N-(4-pyridyl)carbamates in micellar solution (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the hydrolysis of the potentially pesticidal N-(4-pyridyl)carbamates in micellar solutionHubert Matondo, Alain De Savignac, Michel Bergon, Jean Pierre Calmon, and Armand LattesCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 4, 1106–1109Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00094a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00094a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
5Gbps serial link transmitter with pre-emphasis (2003)

High-speed serial link that achieves Gbps has the advantage of low cost and thus become popular. In this paper, we will implement the high-speed data serial link transceiver and demonstrate the pre-emphasis circuit. The overall circuit is implemented in TSMC 0.18um 1P6M 1.8v CMOS process. The performance of the transceiver can reach 5Gbps over the 10-meter long cable.
Langmuir-Blodgett films of platinum(II) complexes. 2 (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLangmuir-Blodgett films of platinum(II) complexes. 2Hussein Samha, Teddy Martinez, and M. Keith De ArmondCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 8, 2001–2004Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/la00044a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Characterization of retroendocytosis in rat liver parenchymal cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells (1992)

After receptor-mediated endocytosis, internalized ligands may be recycled to the cell surface instead of being routed to lysosomes for degradation, a process termed retroendocytosis. We have investigated the kinetics and extent of retroendocytosis of neoglycoproteins after internalization via two carbohydrate-specific receptors in rat liver cells: galactose receptors in parenchymal cells (PC) and mannose receptors in sinusoidal endothelial cells (EC). Retroendocytosis in both cell types occurred with first-order kinetics, and the rate of recycling of internalized ligands was about 4 times higher in EC than in PC. As the length of the internalization pulse was increased, the extent of subsequent retroendocytosis decreased, indicating that retroendocytosis takes place from a relatively early stage in the endocytic pathway. Furthermore, as the degree of carbohydrate substitution of the neoglycoprotein ligands increased, the affinities of the receptors for the ligands and the extent of ligand retroendocytosis increased. In the EC, the relationship between degree of substitution and extent of retroendocytosis was not immediately apparent, as some of the neoglycoprotein ligands used may also bind to and be internalized by scavenger receptors on the EC, causing a decreased apparent retroendocytosis. However, when this interaction was inhibited, this relationship was restored. We conclude that retroendocytosis mainly occurs because of incomplete dissociation of ligands from receptors before receptor recycling to the cell surface and that the affinities of a receptor for its ligand at the cell surface and in the endosomal environment are major factors in determining the extent of retroendocytosis.
3-Méthyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(1-pyridin-2-yl-3-méthyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-5-yl)-2<i>H</i>-3-pyrazolin-5(1<i>H</i>)-one (2001)

The structure of the title compound, C18H16N6O, has been established by X-ray crystallographic study. The structure corresponds to the NH tautomer of the pyrazolinone moiety.
Spinal Dorsal Horn Calcium Channel α<sub>2</sub>δ-1 Subunit Upregulation Contributes to Peripheral Nerve Injury-Induced Tactile Allodynia (2004)

Peripheral nerve injury induces upregulation of the calcium channel alpha2delta-1 structural subunit in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and dorsal spinal cord of spinal nerve-ligated rats with neuropathic pain, suggesting a role of the calcium channel alpha2delta-1 subunit in central sensitization. To investigate whether spinal dorsal horn alpha2delta-1 subunit upregulation derives from increased DRG alpha2delta-1 subunit and plays a causal role in neuropathic pain development, we examined spinal dorsal hornalpha2delta-1 subunit expression with or without dorsal rhizotomy in spinal nerve-ligated rats and its correlation with tactile allodynia, a neuropathic pain state defined as reduced thresholds to non-noxious tactile stimulation. We also examined the effects of intrathecal alpha2delta-1 antisense oligonucleotides on alpha2delta-1 subunit expression and neuropathic allodynia in the nerve-ligated rats. Our data indicated that spinal nerve injury resulted in time-dependentalpha2delta-1 subunit upregulation in the spinal dorsal horn that correlated temporally with neuropathic allodynia development and maintenance. Dorsal rhizotomy diminished basal level expression and blocked injury-induced expression of the spinal dorsal hornalpha2delta-1 subunit and reversed injury-induced tactile allodynia. In addition, intrathecal alpha2delta-1 antisense oligonucleotides blocked injury-induced dorsal horn alpha2delta-1 subunit upregulation and diminished tactile allodynia. These findings indicate that alpha2delta-1 subunit basal expression occurs presynaptically and postsynaptically in spinal dorsal horn. Nerve injury induces mainly presynaptic alpha2delta-1 subunit expression that derives from increased alpha2delta-1 subunit in injured DRG neurons. Thus, changes in presynaptic alpha2delta-1 subunit expression contribute to injury-induced spinal neuroplasticity and central sensitization that underlies neuropathic pain development and maintenance.
Firefly Luciferase Complementation Imaging Assay for Protein-Protein Interactions in Plants (2007)

The development of sensitive and versatile techniques to detect protein-protein interactions in vivo is important for understanding protein functions. The previously described techniques, fluorescence resonance energy transfer and bimolecular fluorescence complementation, which are used widely for protein-protein interaction studies in plants, require extensive instrumentation. To facilitate protein-protein interaction studies in plants, we adopted the luciferase complementation imaging assay. The amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal halves of the firefly luciferase reconstitute active luciferase enzyme only when fused to two interacting proteins, and that can be visualized with a low-light imaging system. A series of plasmid constructs were made to enable the transient expression of fusion proteins or generation of stable transgenic plants. We tested nine pairs of proteins known to interact in plants, including Pseudomonas syringae bacterial effector proteins and their protein targets in the plant, proteins of the SKP1-Cullin-F-box protein E3 ligase complex, the HSP90 chaperone complex, components of disease resistance protein complex, and transcription factors. In each case, strong luciferase complementation was observed for positive interactions. Mutants that are known to compromise protein-protein interactions showed little or much reduced luciferase activity. Thus, the assay is simple, reliable, and quantitative in detection of protein-protein interactions in plants.
A Microsphere-Lipoplex (Microplex) Vector for Targeted Gene Therapy of Cancer. I. Construction and In Vitro Evaluation (1999)

Plasmid DNA binding to cationic liposomes and the ability to bind these liposomes, both with and without complexed plasmid DNA, to cation-exchange microspheres were examined. The two plasmids tested were pCMV-CAT and pRcCMV-p53. Commercial Lipofectin, Lipofectace, Lipofectamine, and three formulation ratios of dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDAB):phosphatidylcholine and DDAB:dioleoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine liposomes were evaluated. The binding of empty liposomes onto microspheres increased and the release from microspheres decreased with increasing ratio of cationic:neutral lipid. Of all liposomes, Lipofectamine bound the most copy numbers of both plasmids. The amount of plasmid bound on the laboratory-formulated liposomes increased as the ratio of cationic:neutral lipid was increased. The amount of plasmid bound to the formulated liposomes was not affected by the type of neutral lipid used. On average, in terms of copy numbers, binding with pCMV-CAT was 1.38-fold higher than pRcCMV-p53. However, microspheres bound 1.7-fold more copy numbers of liposomal-complexed-pRcCMV-p53 plasmid compared to complexed pCMV-CAT. In the release studies, even in the terminal wash, at least 6 x 10 8 copies of complexed plasmids were released, with additional plasmids being held in reserve. Examination of the applicability of such a combination vehicle for in vivo gene targeting to solid tumors is warranted.
Histone Modifications and Transcription Factor Binding on Chromatin: <i>ChIP-PCR Assays</i> (2006)

Chromatin, the eukaryotic template of genetic information, is subject to a diverse array of posttranslational modifications that largely impinge on the N-termini of histones, such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Distinct histone modifications generate synergistic or antagonistic interaction affinities for novhistone proteins, which in turn dictate dynamic transitions between transcriptionally active or silent states of chromatin. Besides transcription, numerous biological processes, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and recombination, are regulated by chromatin-associated factors. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) technique provides us with an exquisite tool to investigate the interplay between the structural or regulatory proteins and DNA and its role in regulating diverse cellular processes in vivo by formaldehyde crosslinking of proteins to proteins and proteins to DNA, followed by immunoprecipitation of the fixed material and detection of the associated DNA. Here we illustrate the overall experimental procedure by taking ChIP analysis of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter as an example.
CCLXXX.—Studies of the boron–carbon linkage. Part I. The oxidation and nitration of phenylboric acid (1930)

A. D. Ainley and F. Challenger, J. Chem. Soc., 1930, 2171 DOI: 10.1039/JR9300002171
Suberin Structure in Potato Periderm:  Glycerol, Long-Chain Monomers, and Glyceryl and Feruloyl Dimers (2000)

Suberin in extractive-free potato periderm amounts to approximately 25% determined by NaOCH(3) methanolysis. Monomeric composition is characterized by glycerol (20% of monomers), long-chain alpha, omega-diacids, omega-hydroxyacids, alkanoic acids, and alkan-1-ols, with predominance of octadec-9-enodioic acid and 18-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid (39 and 15% of long-chain monomers, respectively). Aromatic hydroxycinnamyl monomers were also present (<1%). Partial depolymerization of potato periderm suberin using a Ca(OH)(2)-catalyzed methanolysis solubilized approximately 10% of suberin aliphatics. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of monomers, dimers, and trimers (87, 12, and 1% of identified compounds, respectively). A total of 26 dimers were identified by EIMS: monoacylglyceryl esters of alpha,omega-diacids, omega-hydroxyacids, and alkanoic acids (with predominance of the 1- and 2-isomers of the monoacylglyceryl ester of the octadec-9-enodioic acid), as well as feruloyl esters of omega-hydroxyacids and alkan-1-ols and a small quantity of a monoferuloylglycerol. Following a discussion of suberin macromolecular structure, it is proposed that in suberized cell walls, the polyaliphatic polymers have a three-dimensional development ensured by glycerol and exist independently from the associated polyaromatics.
A fast burst synchronization for OFDM based wireless asynchronous transfer mode systems (2003)

This paper proposes a burst synchronization method with a preamble for high data rate wireless asynchronous transfer mode (WATM) systems that use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The preamble for synchronization is composed of four identical periods. Using this signal repetition, the correlation for symbol timing detection and frequency offset estimation are calculated. The proposed method improves the performance of synchronization by increasing the size of data used in the correlation operation. The analytic results show that by using the proposed method a gain of 1 dB in SIR (signal to interference ratio) is possible.
DISSIPATION FUNCTIONS AND INVARIANT IMBEDDING, I (1960)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Modal Filter Based Structural Control of a Highway Bridge (1994)

An Adaptive Modal Filter (AMF) algorithm is developed which uncouples complicated multi-mode structural dynamic response into simple single-mode response. The application to active structural vibration control is shown and a successful full scale experimental implementation on highway bridge is presented. Up to 90% reduction in global mode responses were achieved with the active vibration control system.