gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of estimation methods for continuous time stochastic processes (1997)

In this paper we investigate the finite sample performances of five estimation methods for a continuous‐time stochastic process from discrete observations. Applying these methods to two examples of stochastic differential equations, one with linear drift and state‐dependent diffusion coefficients and the other with nonlinear drift and constant diffusion coefficients, Monte Carlo experiments are carried out to evaluate the finite sample performance of each method. The Monte Carlo results indicate that the differences between the methods are large when the discrete‐ time interval is large. In addition, these differences are noticeable in estimations of the diffusion coefficients.
Physiologic response of the six-minute walk test in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2005)

The physiologic response of the 6-mwt is at a submaximal, intense level of exercise. The course of the responses during the 6-mwt was normal. The 6-mwt can be regarded as a good test for measuring functional exercise capacity.
"Endografin" as a Medium for Hysterosalpingography (1957)

It is emphasized that a bottle of blood contains 400 ml., not a " pint," of blood.
Schematic studies of 10 Gb/s transmission over MMFs (2003)

10 Gb/s 200 m MMF (multimode fiber) system is realized by WDM without special launching techniques. 5 Gb/s 200 m single channel MMF transmissions are realized by depressing high order modes. FP laser can be used to transmit 2.5G b/s over 500 m MMF by offset launching. Due to the speed limit (<4 Gb/s) of FP lasers, single channel 10 Gb/s transmission can only be achieved with DFB lasers.
On dynamics of a learning feedback associative memory (2002)

In this paper, we present conditions in which a dynamical feedback associative neural network can be treated as a time-invariant system, and point out confinements on changing rate of a dynamical associative network. Stability constraints to guarantee a specified stable equilibria of an associative neural network with slowly synapse-varying structures are derived. The exponential stability and trajectory bounds of motions of the network equilibria under arbitrary structural perturbations are investigated.
Glow Discharge Polymerization of Tetrafluoroethylene, 1,1 Difluoroethylene, and Chlorotrifluoroethylene (1976)

Thin polymer films were prepared by electrodeless glow discharge polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene , 1,1 difluoroethylene , and phlorotrifluoroethylene monomers. The chemical composition of the films prepared both in and out of the glow discharge region was measured by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and compared to bulk polymer standards. The glow discharge polymers exhibit a complex carbon 1s XPS spectrum as compared to the bulk standards. A minimum of four bonding states for carbon is clearly seen, with relatively high concentrations of, , in addition to . The polymer surface composition is clearly dependent on position with respect to the discharge region. The bond assignments are in close agreement with a simple electrostatic model. Polymer surface tensions were obtained using the concepts of critical surface tension and dispersion forces. They correlated well with the concentration of , on the surface as measured by XPS. The porosity of the films is shown to be significantly less than metal coatings of similar thickness.
Spectral-domain phase microscopy with improved sensitivity using two-dimensional detector arrays (2011)

In this work we demonstrate the use of two-dimensional detectors to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity in spectral-domain phase microscopy for subnanometer accuracy measurements. We show that an increase in SNR can be obtained, from 82 dB to 105 dB, using 150 pixel lines of a low-cost CCD camera as compared to a single line, to compute an averaged axial scan. In optimal mechanical conditions, phase stability as small as 92 μrad, corresponding to 6 pm displacement accuracy, could be obtained. We also experimentally demonstrate the benefit of spatial-averaging in terms of the reduction of signal fading due to an axially moving sample. The applications of the improved system are illustrated by imaging live cells in culture.
Efficacy of Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula Repair: Sensitive Quality Control using the Beta-Trace Protein Test (2007)

Dura repairs should be controlled for the presence or absence of postoperative CSF leakage. In our hands, the sensitive, fast, and inexpensive betaTP test has shown its value as an effective postoperative screening tool for dura repair success confirmation. Therefore, we consider it as novel "standard of care" and reserve invasive, more expensive or time-consuming methods as second choice.
Bidirectional-Barbed Sutured Knotless Running Anastomosis <i>v</i> Classic Van Velthoven Suturing in a Model System (2007)

It appears from our preliminary work that a bidirectional-barbed suture might improve the vesicourethral anastomosis during a robotic radical prostatectomy. Further investigations should be done to measure the disruptive force necessary to distract these sutures, whether the applied forces of the barbs are adequate for maintaining a watertight seal, and the reproducibility of our results by other surgeons. All of these investigations are in progress in our laboratory.
A fuzzy classification approach for high-resolution multispectral data over urban areas (2003)

The usefulness of high-resolution satellite imagery for classification of urban and suburban scenes is investigated, and a technique to improve the accuracy of the classification is proposed. The Ikonos commercial remote sensing satellite acquired the imagery (panchromatic and multispectral) used for this study. Both multispectral and pan-sharpened multispectral images are classified using maximum likelihood classification. The overall classification accuracy for both data sets is approximately 81%, however there are significant numbers of misclassifications between the spectrally similar road and building classes and the tree and grass classes. The confusion between the building and road classes was about 22%, and the confusion between the grass and tree classes was about 13%. To decrease the number of misclassifications between the previously mentioned classes, a hierarchical fuzzy classification technique is proposed. The fuzzy classifier makes use of spatial features extracted from the panchromatic data, pan-sharpened multispectral data, and a classification image, generated using maximum likelihood classification. A number of different texture features and directional pixel length-width contextual features are extracted from the panchromatic image data. A fuzzy logic rule based classifier is used in conjunction with these spatial features to perform the classification. The proposed approach decreases the number of misclassifications between the road and building classes and the number of misclassifications between the grass and tree classes raising the overall accuracy to 88%.
Metal thiolates as initiators for the polymerisation of alkylene sulphides (1969)

Thiolates of the general formula (XCH2·CH2·S)yM, where M = Zn or Cd, y= 1 or 2, and X is a group capable of co-ordinating to M, are efficient initiators of the polymerisation of episulphides (less so where M = Cu or Ag). These compounds are often soluble in the reaction system and in all cases the cadmium derivatives are the most effective. although they are less distinct compounds than the zinc analogues. Variation of the nature of X allows the reproducible preparation of polymers bearing a variety of end-groups.
Latinos, Labor Markets, and the Economic Recovery in Nevada (2016)

During the past six years, Nevada’s economy has recovered. Nevertheless, there has been little research examining how different groups of workers fared during the recovery period. This study fills this gap by analyzing labor market conditions for Latinos throughout the state’s economic recovery.
Fabrication of carbon nanotube thermal interface material on aluminum alloy substrates with low pressure CVD (2011)

High quality vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays have been synthesized on bulk Al alloy (Al6063) substrates with an electron-beam (E-beam) evaporated Fe catalyst using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). The pretreatment process of the catalyst was shown to play a critical role. This was studied comprehensively and optimized to repeatedly grow high quality VACNT arrays within a wide range of thicknesses of catalyst layer (2-11 nm) and acetylene (C(2)H(2)) flow rates (100-300 sccm). The thermal performance of the resulting VACNT arrays was evaluated. The minimum interfacial thermal resistance of the Si/VACNT/Al interfaces achieved so far is only 4 mm(2) K W(-1), and the average value is 14.6 mm(2) K W(-1).
The Acoustic Loading Vibration Response Analysis of Piled Honeycomb Panels. (1992)

The purpose of this study is to solve the vibration responses of spacecraft structures, especially stowed deployment structures, excited by an acoustical noise field. This paper first deals with some coefficients of a honeycomb panel which is used in the acoustic loading panel response analysis using statistical energy analysis (SEA). Second, for the piled honeycomb panels model, which is similar to a stowed deployment structure, a correlation between the analysis and test results is presented. The results show that piled honeycomb panel responses are lower than those for single panels, but considering the stiffiess of the air between, panels, the analysis can be more accurate.
The use of Terson lens capsule forceps when performing punch biopsy of the skin (1997)

When performing skin biopsy using the skin biopsy punch, it is recommended that Terson lens capsule forceps be used as an aid to avoid crush artefact. This is because secure yet gentle purchase of the specimen is allowed by a row of small inwardly directed tines that arise from the 2.5 mm horizontally placed grasping blades, which are inserted into the incision created by a 3 mm biopsy punch. The instrument also has the extra advantages of being in the correct working position when held with the hand in the resting position between prone and supine of allowing an uninterrupted line of vision to the wound during use and is of a shape that minimizes unintentional contact with tissue.
ChemInform Abstract: New Catalytic Characteristics of Cs‐Substituted Heteropolyacids. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Put Mental Computation First (2000)

A discussion on mental computation, which is critical to a revitalization of school mathematics, is presented. To develop student's confidence in mathematical abilities it is important to bridge the gap between computational techniques used within the classroom and those used beyond.
New tools for the diagnosis of tuberculosis: the perspective of developing countries. (1998)

New diagnostics for tuberculosis are urgently needed to replace or facilitate acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy for the identification of smear-positive cases, and to improve the diagnosis of AFB smear-negative cases. These need to be appropriate for use in low income countries. Tests to replace or facilitate AFB microscopy must offer improvements to this test, including increased sensitivity, speed, ease of use, and safety. Products to improve the identification of smear-negative cases should focus on the diagnosis of patients with paucibacillary pulmonary disease, including children and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons, and those with extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis.
The Adherence of Thick Silver Plate on Steel. II (1942)

Photomicrographic examination of silver electrodeposited on steel indicates that the adherence of silver to steel is dependent on factors other than mechanical interlocking. Evidence indicates that the strike produces crystal nuclei at the edges of ferrite crystals and that the columnar, usually twinned, crystals which are plated on silver‐struck steel grow from these nuclei. It appears that the most important factor in the bond between silver and steel is the intra‐atomic bond between closely associated crystals of ferrite and silver and that this condition is favored by the use of a silver strike before plating. Previous reports that a strike is essential to the best adherence are confirmed.
Antibodies Use Heme as a Cofactor to Extend Their Pathogen Elimination Activity and to Acquire New Effector Functions (2007)

Various pathological processes are accompanied by release of high amounts of free heme into the circulation. We demonstrated by kinetic, thermodynamic, and spectroscopic analyses that antibodies have an intrinsic ability to bind heme. This binding resulted in a decrease in the conformational freedom of the antibody paratopes and in a change in the nature of the noncovalent forces responsible for the antigen binding. The antibodies use the molecular imprint of the heme molecule to interact with an enlarged panel of structurally unrelated epitopes. Upon heme binding, monoclonal as well as pooled immunoglobulin G gained an ability to interact with previously unrecognized bacterial antigens and intact bacteria. IgG-heme complexes had an enhanced ability to trigger complement-mediated bacterial killing. It was also shown that heme, bound to immunoglobulins, acted as a cofactor in redox reactions. The potentiation of the antibacterial activity of IgG after contact with heme may represent a novel and inducible innate-type defense mechanism against invading pathogens.
Embryonic Stem Cells Overexpressing Pitx2c Engraft in Infarcted Myocardium and Improve Cardiac Function (2009)

This study investigated the effects on cardiomyocyte differentiation of embryonic stem cells by the overexpression of the transcription factor, Pitx2c, and examined the effects of transplantation of these differentiated cells on cardiac function in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Pitx2c overexpressing embryonic stem cells were characterized for cardiac differentiation by immunocytochemistry, RNA analysis, and electrophysiology. Differentiated cells were transplanted by directed injection into the infarcted murine myocardium and functional measurements of blood pressure, contractility, and relaxation were performed. Histochemistry and FISH analysis performed on these mice confirmed the engraftment and cardiac nature of the transplanted cells. Pitx2c overexpressing embryonic stem cells robustly differentiated into spontaneously contracting cells which acquired cardiac protein markers and exhibited action potentials resembling that of cardiomyocytes. These cells could also be synchronized to an external pacemaker. Significant improvements (P < 0.01) in blood pressure (56%), contractility (57%), and relaxation (59%) were observed in infarcted mice with transplants of these differentiated cells but not in mice which were transplanted with control cells. The Pitx2c overexpressing cells secrete paracrine factors which when adsorbed onto a heparinated gel and injected into the infarcted myocardium produce a comparable and significant (P < 0.01) functional recovery. Pitx2c overexpression is a valuable method for producing cardiomyocytes from embryonic stem cells, and transplantation of these cardiomyocytes into infracted myocardium restores cardiac function through multiple mechanisms.
Relationship of the total integrated scattering from multilayer-coated optics to angle of incidence, polarization, correlation length, and roughness cross-correlation properties (1983)

Previously published vector equations describing angle-resolved scattering from single-layer- and multilayer-coated optics have been integrated numerically and analytically over all angles in the reflecting hemisphere to obtain numerical results and analytical expressions for total integrated scattering (TIS). The effects of correlation length, polarization, angle of incidence, roughness height distribution, scattered light missed by the collecting hemisphere, and roughness cross-correlation properties of the multilayer stack on the TIS expression are considered. Background material on TIS from optics coated with single opaque reflecting layers is given for completeness and comparison to corresponding multilayer TIS results. It is shown that errors can occur in calculating the true rms surface roughness from actual TIS measurements; ways to correct these errors are discussed.
Evaluating strategies to enhance the anti-tumor immune response to a carbohydrate mimetic peptide vaccine (2006)

Carbohydrate mimetic peptides of tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) are T-cell-dependent antigens and, therefore, immunization with these surrogates is predicted to overcome the low immunogenicity of carbohydrate antigens. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that among the potential immune cells involved, peptide immunization led to an increase in T-cell populations. While peptide mimetics may also function as TLR binding ligands, we did not observe evidence of involvement of NK cells. Examining tumor challenged animals, we observed that peptide immunization and not tumor cells rendered IL-12 responsiveness to T-cells, as T-cells from peptide-immunized mice produced IFN-gamma upon stimulation with IL-12. Cyclophosphamide administration enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of the vaccine, which was achieved by enhancing T-cell responses with no effect on NK cell population. Prophylactic immunization of mice with a DNA construct encoding carbohydrate mimetic peptides indicated a specific role for the mimotope vaccine in anti-tumor immune responses. These data suggest a role for both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells induced by mimotopes of TACA in protective immunity against tumor cells.
The problem of optimal placement of sub-resolution assist features (SRAF) (2005)

In this paper, we present a formulation of the Sub-Resolution Assist Feature (SRAF) placement problem as a geometric optimization problem. We present three independent geometric methodologies that use the above formulation to optimize SRAF placements under mask and lithographic process constraints. Traditional rules-based methodology, are mainly one dimensional in nature. These methods, though apparently very simple, has proven to be inadequate for complex two-dimensional layouts. The methodologies presented in this paper, on the other hand, are inherently two-dimensional and attempt to maximize SRAF coverage on real and complex designs, and minimizes mask rule and lithographic violations.
Transgenic Animals in Alzheimer's Disease Research (1999)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the brain accounting for about 50-70% of the typical late onset cases of dementia. The pathological and diagnostic hallmarks of the disease are principally the presence of extracellular deposits called neuritic amyloid plaques and the intracellular aggregation of neurofibrillary tangles. In addition selective neuronal cell loss accompanied by cerebrovascular amyloidosis is detectable. In the case of familial AD, defects in at least three different genes (APP, PS1, PS2) leading to indistinguishable pathology are now well defined. There is as yet no real treatment for AD. Therefore the availability of an easily manipulable animal model is crucial for the development of new drugs, which could slow down or, even better, stop the progression of the disease. The development and originality of such experimental models that could greatly facilitate the investigation of the aetiology and pathogenesis of AD are described and discussed in this review. They are based mainly on the attempt to reproduce the neurofibrillary tangles or the amyloid deposits and plaque formation.
Characterizing instruction latency for speculative issue SMPs: a case study of varying memory system performance on the SPLASH-2 benchmarks (2002)

Out-of-order, speculative, superscalar processors are complex. The behavior of multiprocessor systems that use such processors is not well understood and very difficult to predict. We tackle this problem using a powerful simulator, Armadillo, and a novel characterization framework that breaks the instruction pipeline into five meta-stages. The Armadillo simulator models symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs) constructed from highly aggressive superscalar processors on a shared bus, and is able to provide accurate, detailed statistics on numerous aspects of the simulated system, including the amount of time each instruction spends in each of these five meta-stages. We also analyze the fraction of each instruction's lifetime, during which it remains speculative and the amount of time that an instruction spends on the critical path. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we apply the characterization to applications from the SPLASH-2 benchmark suite. We evaluated the applications' sensitivity to key memory system parameters: bus frequency, bus width, memory latency, and cache latency.
Smart inverter volt/var control functions for high penetration of PV on distribution systems (2011)

Small- and large-scale wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) generation systems are interconnecting to the distribution system at a rapid pace. Penetration limits are often imposed due to the impact these additional distributed resource can have on voltage. In order to accommodate high penetration scenarios without impacting power quality or reliability, additional control functions must be utilized. A recent industry collaborative effort has identified key functions that allow these additional resources to coordinate with grid operations and provide a more grid-friendly response. This paper addresses one of these functions, inverter volt/var control. Simulations are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of this type of control for PV deployment on the distribution system.
Evaluation of Interposers in the ACF Bonding Process (2006)

Current mobile phones are more or less information and entertainment devices with the ability to communicate with other devices through wireless networks. In addition, it is more and more a mobile office for business user offering access to needed files and services in company's intranet to conduct daily business. To be able to perform these tasks, mobile phone needs very high performance and high functionality combined with small size and low energy consumption. It is also very important to optimize the total system cost. Utilizing different functional blocks as modules gives the designer and product marketing higher freedom to increase product variety and tailoring by using common building blocks to create a product. One of the key challenges is the physical interconnection between the modules, when number of connections increases and high performance with low interference is required. An interesting option for this interconnection dilemma is to use anisotropic conductive film (ACF) to connect the modules. ACF offers minimal form factor, high-density and low cost, as well as high reliability. Successful execution of board-to-board (flexible or rigid) interconnection using ACF needs careful consideration of design issues, materials selection, and process development. Sufficient thermal transfer to the ACF during the process is needed for proper curing. An interposer is used between the bonding head and the materials to be bonded to eliminate any issues with planarity. As the interposer has definite effect on the thermal transfer to the ACF, we have studied effects of different interposer materials and thickness to the quality of the ACF interconnection
Performance and Design of Microwave FET Harmonic Generators (1981)

Experimental measurements of the power gain of a 4- to 8-GHz frequency doubler, employing a single-gate GaAs MESFET device and a microstrip circuit, are reported. The measured performance provides design guidelines, and is explained in terms of FET characteristics. In particular, the multiplication gain is largest when the FET is biased near pinchoff.