gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron Transport and Hot Phonons in Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

We demonstrate the key role of phonon occupation in limiting the high-field ballistic transport in metallic carbon nanotubes. In particular, we provide a simple analytic formula for the electron transport scattering length, which we validate by accurate first principles calculations on (6, 6) and (11, 11) nanotubes. The comparison of our results with the scattering lengths fitted from experimental I-V curves indicates the presence of a nonequilibrium optical phonon heating induced by electron transport. We predict an effective temperature for optical phonons of thousands Kelvin.
Newborn screening strategies for congenital hypothyroidism: an update (2010)

It is the purpose of this article to briefly review the initial development and subsequent evolution of newborn screening programs to detect infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and then to provide an update of the advantages and disadvantages of the main test strategies. Pilot programs began screening newborn populations in North America in the mid-1970s using either primary thyroxine (T4)-follow-up thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) or primary TSH testing. Many programs in the United States and around the world continue to prefer a primary T4-follow-up TSH test strategy. This approach has the advantage of detecting infants with primary CH, as well as cases of hypopituitary hypothyroidism, by follow-up of infants with a T4 below an absolute cutoff or with a persistently low T4 level, necessitating a higher recall rate. With increasing assay sensitivity and specificity, several programs in the United States and worldwide have elected to switch to a primary TSH test strategy. This test strategy has the advantage of detecting primary CH and subclinical hypothyroidism and at a lower recall rate. Programs considering switching to a primary TSH test strategy need to develop age-related TSH cutoffs to maintain an acceptable recall rate. Both test strategies have the potential to detect infants with CH characterized by "delayed TSH rise," but only if they collect a routine or discretionary second specimen, now recommended in low-birth-weight and acutely ill infants. Lastly, a lower TSH cutoff appears to be one of the explanations for the recently described increased incidence of CH.
The cooperation of swarm-bots - Physical interactions in collective robotics (2005)

This paper describes the development of concepts of the SWARM-BOTS project and briefly overviews the outcomes of the project including the mechanical and electronic features of the developed robots. The paper also presents a physics-based simulator suitable to investigate time-consuming adaptive algorithms and shows examples of cooperative behaviors, both in simulation and in hardware. This novel research field addresses the design and implementation of robotic systems composed of swarms of robots that interact and cooperate to reach their goals.
Using Knowledge-Based E-mail System to Support Office Workflow Management: A Scenario-Based Approach (2001)

Computer-based information technologies and the communication they facilitate are the essential foundations for supporting and managing distributed work teams.One such technology is Electronic Mail System (EMS).Particularly, Knowledge-based Mail System (KMS) can effectively manage the dissemination and receipt of EMS messages via management rules on the contextual information and the content of messages.Recent research show that the scenarios of message processing might be especially advantageous in office workflow management.However, very little research has been conducted on the effect of using contextual scenarios with KMS to manage work processes of distributed teams.This paper presents a scenario-based approach for message management, which provides an alternative to knowledge-based mail system in support office workflow management.The scenario-based approach improves the prior KMS designs by (1) managing the messages as a task-based sequence rather than an individual message, (2) scheduling group activities not only based on relatively static knowledge of organizational policies but also the knowledge of work processes or activities that are often dynamically formed and changed, (3) managing documents routine via the contextual information of messages.Experience with a prototype demonstrates the viability of integrating the scenarios-based approach with the knowledgebased mail system.
DEEP ANISOTROPIC ETCHING OF SILICON USING LOW PRESSURE HIGH DENSITY PLASMA. PRESENTATION OF COMPLEMENTARY TECHNIQUES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN MICROTECHNOLOGY. (2001)

The flexibility of the new available Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) reactors provides a lot of possibilities for process development in dry etching field. Deep anisotropic etching of silicon is now possible under control (etch rate, profiles, uniformity) that offers a lot of possibilities for microsystems development. The purpose of this presentation is to give an overview of bulk silicon processing techniques using new ICP etching equipment in the field of microsystems development.
Tunable-cavity QED with phase qubits (2014)

We describe a tunable-cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) architecture with an rf SQUID phase qubit inductively coupled to a single-mode, resonant cavity with a tunable frequency that allows for both microwave readout of tunneling and dispersive measurements of the qubit. Dispersive measurement is well characterized by a three-level model, strongly dependent on qubit anharmonicity, qubit-cavity coupling, and detuning. A tunable-cavity frequency provides a way to strongly vary both the qubit-cavity detuning and coupling strength, which can reduce Purcell losses, cavity-induced dephasing of the qubit, and residual bus coupling for a system with multiple qubits. With our qubit-cavity system, we show that dynamic control over the cavity frequency enables one to avoid Purcell losses during coherent qubit evolutions and optimize state readout during qubit measurements. The maximum qubit decay time ${T}_{1}=1.5\phantom{\rule{0.222222em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}$s is found to be limited by surface dielectric losses from a design geometry similar to planar transmon qubits.
Heterotopic ossification after central nervous system trauma (2013)

Neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) is a disorder of aberrant bone formation affecting one in five patients sustaining a spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury. Ectopic bone forms around joints in characteristic patterns, causing pain and limiting movement especially around the hip and elbow. Clinical sequelae of neurogenic heterotopic ossification include urinary tract infection, pressure injuries, pneumonia and poor hygiene, making early diagnosis and treatment clinically compelling. However, diagnosis remains difficult with more investigation needed. Our pathophysiological understanding stems from mechanisms of basic bone formation enhanced by evidence of systemic influences from circulating humor factors and perhaps neurological ones. This increasing understanding guides our implementation of current prophylaxis and treatment including the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bisphosphonates, radiation therapy and surgery and, importantly, should direct future, more effective ones.
Bacteriolytic Activity Of Human Interleukin-2, Chicken Egg Lysozyme In The Presence Of Potential Effectors (2017)

The bacteriolytic activity of interleukin-2 and chicken egg lysozyme in the presence of various substances has been studied. Glycine and lysine do not affect the activity of interleukin-2 but increase that of lysozyme, showing a bell-shape concentration dependence peaking at 1.5 mM glycine and 18 mM lysine. Arginine and glutamate activate both interleukin-2 and lysozyme with a concentration dependence of the saturation type. Aromatic amino acids have almost no effect on the activity of both interleukin-2 and lysozyme. Aromatic amines, tryptamine, and tyramine activate interleukin-2 but inhibit lysozyme. Peptide antibiotics affect interleukin and lysozyme similarly and exhibit maximum activity in the micromolar range of antibiotics. Taurine has no effect on the activity of interleukin-2 and lysozyme. Mildronate showed no influence on lysozyme, but it activated interleukin-2 with the activity maximum at 3 mM. EDTA activates both interleukin-2 and lysozyme at concentrations above 0.15 mM.
Immune monitoring as prerequisite for transplantation tolerance trials (2017)

Ever since its first application in clinical medicine, scientists have been urged to induce tolerance towards foreign allogeneic transplants and thus avoid rejection by the recipient's immune system. This would circumvent chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (IS) and thus avoid development of IS-induced side effects, which are contributing to the still unsatisfactory long-term graft and patient survival after solid organ transplantation. Although manifold strategies of tolerance induction have been described in preclinical models, only three therapeutic approaches have been utilized successfully in a still small number of patients. These approaches are based on (i) IS withdrawal in spontaneous operational tolerant (SOT) patients, (ii) induction of a mixed chimerism and (iii) adoptive transfer of regulatory cells. Results of clinical trials utilizing these approaches show that tolerance induction does not work in all patients. Thus, there is a need for reliable biomarkers, which can be used for patient selection and post-therapeutic immune monitoring of safety, success and failure. In this review, we summarize recent achievements in the identification and validation of such immunological assays and biomarkers, focusing mainly on kidney and liver transplantation. From the published findings so far, it has become clear that indicative biomarkers may vary between different therapeutic approaches applied and organs transplanted. Also, patient numbers studied so far are very small. This is the main reason why nearly all described parameters lack validation and reproducibility testing in large clinical trials, and are therefore not yet suitable for clinical practice.
Advanced nucleating agents for polypropylene (2007)

Abstract The present short review aims to summarize advanced nucleating agents for polypropylene (PP). Reviewing the relevant literature, we focused on powerful nucleators that are capable of significantly increasing the crystallization temperature of the polymer at very low working concentrations and also serving as clarifying agents. The nucleation mechanism and efficiency of these compounds are discussed in detail. The nucleating agents were divided into groups according to their tendency to induce monoclinic ( α ), hexagonal ( β ), or orthorhombic ( γ ) PP cell geometries. The major α ‐nucleators and clarifiers are sorbitol‐based compounds that speed‐up the polymer crystallization due to gelation phenomena and induction of epitaxial crystallization by the metal salts of substituted aromatic heterocyclic phosphate. Among β ‐nucleators, N , N ′‐dicyclohexyl‐2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxamide was found to be very efficient and its nucleation ability was highly concentration dependent. In addition, it was shown that nucleation efficiency of a nucleator can be significantly increased by a new dispersion method comprising its solubilization in a microemulsion. Moreover, the nucleator (HPN‐68) increased the γ ‐modification present in the polymer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data Transmission over GSM Adaptive Multi Rate Voice Channel Using Speech-Like Symbols (2010)

This paper introduces a new method to transmit digital data through Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) voice channel. A novel algorithm is proposed to design a set of Speech-Like (SL) symbols which leads to design a GSM voice channel data modem to modulate and demodulate data on GSM Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) voice codec which consist of different bit-rates. Designing a set of time-symbols is an off line procedure with the aim of minimizing symbol detection error. This modem is useful in real-time data communication with high priority. The introduced modem encodes data into SL symbols to be transmitted over GSM voice channel and the received SL symbols are decoded back to data.
Antimicrobial Activities of Ferulago Essential Oils<sup>¥</sup> (2000)

Essential oils from Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss., F. galbanifera (Miller) W. Koch, F. humilis Boiss. (Endemic), F. trachycarpa Boiss. growing in Turkey were evaluated against 15 microorganisms for their antifungal and antibacterial activity using an agar tube dilution and microdilution broth susceptibility assay, respectively. The essential oil compositions were investigated by GC/MS. Inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Candida albicans, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium moniliforme were remarkable. Results are discussed in comparison with the chemical composition of the essential oils.
Towards Self-Supervised High Level Sensor Fusion (2019)

In this paper, we present a framework to control a self-driving car by fusing raw information from RGB images and depth maps. A deep neural network architecture is used for mapping the vision and depth information, respectively, to steering commands. This fusion of information from two sensor sources allows to provide redundancy and fault tolerance in the presence of sensor failures. Even if one of the input sensors fails to produce the correct output, the other functioning sensor would still be able to maneuver the car. Such redundancy is crucial in the critical application of self-driving cars. The experimental results have showed that our method is capable of learning to use the relevant sensor information even when one of the sensors fail without any explicit signal.
<i>Pneumocystis</i>Colonization in Immunocompetent and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Cynomolgus Macaques (2008)

Pneumocystis (Pc) colonization is common among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects, although the clinical consequences of Pc carriage are not fully understood. We examined the frequency of asymptomatic carriage in healthy and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected cynomolgus macaques by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and assessment of changes in the serologic response to a recombinant fragment of the Pc protein kexin (KEX1). Anti-KEX1 antibodies were detected in 95% of healthy monkeys. To create a model of natural transmission of Pc, SIV-infected monkeys were cohoused with macaques coinfected with SIV and Pc. Pc colonization occurred when the CD4(+) T cell count decreased to <500 cells/microL, despite anti-Pc prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Increases in anti-KEX1 antibody titers preceded detection of Pc DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples by use of PCR. These results demonstrate the usefulness of recombinant KEX1 in serologic studies of Pc colonization and will improve the understanding of Pc transmission and clinical consequences of Pc colonization in HIV-infected patients.
The Renin-Angiotensin System in the Twenty-first Century (2001)

Renin was discovered more than a century ago as a pressor principle in renal extracts. Subsequent research has revealed the renin-angiotensin system to be fascinatingly complex biochemically, with intriguing phylogenetic and evolutionary aspects. In the human species alone there is now seen to be very diverse physiological and pathophysiological involvement, and hence important therapeutic implications. In the present relatively brief review we shall consider current understanding of the renin-angiotensin system, certain of the more notable recent developments in our knowledge thereof, and what is likely to comprise some important avenues of future investigation. For more detailed information, including an extensive bibliography, the reader is referred to a two-volume treatise on the subject [1], plus two recent detailed reviews [2, 3].
The repressor and activator forms of Cubitus interruptus control Hedgehog target genes through common generic Gli-binding sites (2000)

The Drosophila Gli homolog Cubitus interruptus (Ci) controls the transcription of Hedgehog (Hh) target genes. A repressor form of Ci arises in the absence of Hh signalling by proteolytic cleavage of intact Ci, whereas an activator form of Ci is generated in response to the Hh signal. These different activities of Ci regulate overlapping but distinct subsets of Hh target genes. To investigate the mechanisms by which the two activities of Ci exert their opposite transcriptional effect, we dissect here the imaginal disc enhancer of the dpp gene, which responds to both activities of Ci. Within a minimal disc enhancer, we identify the DNA sequences that are necessary and sufficient for the control by Ci, show that the same sequences respond to the activator and repressor forms of Ci, and demonstrate that their activities can be replaced by a single synthetic Gli-binding site. We further show that the enhancer sequences of patched, a gene responding only to the activator form of Ci, effectively integrate also the repressor activity of Ci if placed into a dpp context. These results provide in vivo evidence against the employment of distinct binding sites for the different forms of Ci and suggest that target genes responding to only one form must have acquired distant cis-regulatory elements for their selective behavior.
Inhibitory Effects of Fermented Nutraceuticals on NO Production and T Cell Proliferation in Juvenile Atopic Dermatitis (2007)

As the most common inflammatory skin disease in children, atopic dermatitis begins in infancy or early childhood, with about 90% of cases appearing under age of 5. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis has rapidly increased among children in recent years. Physiological and psychological abnormalities and social impact are also well known in children with atopic dermatitis and in their families. Atopic dermatitis not only seriously affects the quality of life of the children and their families but also is leading chronic disease in children with hard-to-cure.Recently, we found that the fermented extract of several plants had considerable potential to treat juvenile atopic dermatitis. This extract therefore is now under investigation to find the underlying immunopathological mechanism by determining its inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) release and T cell proliferation. The fermented extract dose dependently blocked NO production. In particular, the inhibitory effect of the extract was maximized up until 80-fold dilution of the original extract. This extract did not induce cytotoxic effects up to 80-fold dilution. Interestingly, doses between 320- and 80-fold dilution significantly protected cell death mediated by LPS-induced NO production. The fermented extract also significantly suppressed CD3 induced T cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner.
612. Anhydro-compounds from nitrogen-containing derivatives of thioglycollic (mercaptoacetic) acid. Part III. Arylazo-compounds (1956)

G. F. Duffin and J. D. Kendall, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 3189 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560003189
Pain‐mediated altered absorption and metabolism of ibuprofen: an explanation for decreased serum enantiomer concentration after dental surgery (1999)

Surgery for wisdom tooth removal resulted in substantial decreases in the serum concentration of ibuprofen enantiomers and a prolongation in the time to peak concentration. Reduced absorption and altered metabolism are the likely cause of these changes. Thus, dental patients may experience a delayed response and possible treatment failure when taking ibuprofen for pain relief after surgery. Our observation may have implications for the treatment of other diseases.
Contribution of Cation−π Interactions to Protein Stability (2006)

Calculations predict that cation- interactions make an important contribution to protein stability. While there have been some attempts to experimentally measure strengths of cation-pi interactions using peptide model systems, much less experimental data are available for globular proteins. We have attempted to determine the magnitude of cation-pi interactions of Lys with aromatic amino acids in four different proteins (LIVBP, MBP, RBP, and Trx). In each case, Lys was replaced with Gln and Met. In a separate series of experiments, the aromatic amino acid in each cation-pi pair was replaced by Leu. Stabilities of wild-type (WT) and mutant proteins were characterized by both thermal and chemical denaturation. Gln and aromatic --> Leu mutants were consistently less stable than corresponding Met mutants, reflecting the nonisosteric nature of these substitutions. The strength of the cation-pi interaction was assessed by the value of the change in the free energy of unfolding [DeltaDeltaG(degrees) = DeltaG(degrees)(Met) - DeltaG(degrees)(WT)]. This ranged from +1.1 to -1.9 kcal/mol (average value -0.4 kcal/mol) at 298 K and +0.7 to -2.6 kcal/mol (average value -1.1 kcal/mol) at the Tm of each WT. It therefore appears that the strength of cation-pi interactions increases with temperature. In addition, the experimentally measured values are appreciably smaller in magnitude than calculated values with an average difference /DeltaG(degrees)expt - DeltaG(degrees)calc/av of 2.9 kcal/mol. At room temperature, the data indicate that cation-pi interactions are at best weakly stabilizing and in some cases are clearly destabilizing. However, at elevated temperatures, close to typical Tm's, cation-pi interactions are generally stabilizing.
Dynamic Web Map Service for Web Publishing System of Mass Remote Sensing Images (2006)

This dynamic Web map service, a key technique in systematical structures of Internet mapping, is presented in implementing Web publishing system of mass remote sensing images. Dynamic Eeb map service enhances the flexibility of establishing various online map services. Dynamic Web map service provides a powerful Internet mapping solution, with the ability to present, link, distribute and publish geomatics-based data and services. And it also provides the infrastructure to access spatial information from disparate data sources and to display the information in powerful, easy-to-use web mapping applications. Appropriate system framework and software platforms are adopted in order to establish stable website and create Web map service for publishing mass remote sensing images on Internet. Due to the excellent RDBMS such as Oracle, and WebGIS software platform and spatial data engine such as ArcIMS and ArcSDE, Web publication system of mass remote sensing images could be implemented. Dynamic Web map service implemented functions of interactive map, online editing and mass remote sensing image information browsing in real time. These applications extend the power of geographic and descriptive data presentation, providing the most flexible Web publishing solution. Dynamic Web map service, together with dynamic database connection, provides mass remote sensing images' Internet mapping efficiently and effectively. A practical application of publishing earthquake information data on Internet is fully illustrated.
Growth kinetics and thermal stability of a self-formed barrier layer at Cu-Mn∕SiO2 interface (2007)

A thin diffusion barrier was self-formed by annealing at an interface between a Cu-Mn alloy film and a SiO2 substrate. The growth of the barrier layer followed a logarithmic rate law, which represents field-enhanced growth mechanism in the early stage and self-limiting growth behavior in the late stage. The barrier layer was stable at 450 °C for 100 h and at 600 °C for 10 h. The interface diffusivity was estimated from the morphology change of the barrier layer at 600 °C and was found to be smaller than the grain-boundary diffusivity of bulk Cu.