gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perception of Material from Contact Sounds (2000)

Contact sounds can provide important perceptual cues in virtual environments. We investigated the relation between material perception and variables that govern the synthesis of contact sounds. A shape-invariant, auditory-decay parameter was a powerful determinant of the perceived material of an object. Subjects judged the similarity of synthesized sounds with respect to material (Experiment 1 and 2) or length (Experiment 3). The sounds corresponded to modal frequencies of clamped bars struck at an intermediate point, and they varied in fundamental frequency and frequency-dependent rate of decay. The latter parameter has been proposed as reflecting a shape-invariant material property: damping. Differences between sounds in both decay and frequency affected similarity judgments (magnitude of similarity and judgment duration), with decay playing a substantially larger role. Experiment 2, which varied the initial sound amplitude, showed that decay rate—rather than total energy or sound duration—was the critical factor in determining similarity. Experiment 3 demonstrated that similarity judgments in the first two studies were specific to instructions to judge material. Experiment 4, in which subjects assigned the sounds to one of four material categories, showed an influence of frequency and decay, but confirmed the greater importance of decay. Decay parameters associated with each category were estimated and found to correlate with physical measures of damping. The results support the use of a simplified model of material in virtual auditory environments.
Cancer immunotherapy using cells modified with cytokine genes. (2003)

The ability of various cytokines to hamper tumor growth or to induce anti-tumor immune response has resulted in their study as antitumor agents in gene therapy approaches. In this review we will concentrate on the costimulation of antitumor immune responses using modification of various cell types by cytokine genes. Several strategies have emerged such as (i). modification of tumor cells with cytokine genes ex vivo (whole tumor cell vaccines), (ii). ex vivo modification of other cell types for cytokine gene delivery, (iii). delivery of cytokine genes into tumor microenvironment in vivo, (iv). modification of dendritic cells with cytokine genes ex vivo. Originally single cytokine genes were used. Subsequently, multiple cytokine genes were applied simultaneously, or in combination with other factors such as chemokines, membrane bound co-stimulatory molecules, or tumor associated antigens. In this review we discuss these strategies and their use in cancer treatment as well as the promises and limitations of cytokine based cancer gene therapy. Clinical trials, including our own experience, employing the above strategies are discussed.
Rate-Distortion Optimized Receiver-Driven Streaming over Best-Effort Networks (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of streaming packetized media over a lossy packet network, in a rate-distortion optimized way, where the rate-distortion optimization is performed at the receiver. We show how the receiver should compute which packets, if any, to request from the sender, in order to meet a constraint on the transmission rate from the sender to the receiver while minimizing the average end-to-end distortion. Experimental results show that the receiver-driven system has performance within 1 dB of a sender-driven system, while reducing the computational burden at the sender. 1
p53 Plays a Role in Mesenchymal Differentiation Programs, in a Cell Fate Dependent Manner (2008)

These comparative studies suggest that, depending on the specific cell type and the specific differentiation program, p53 may exert a positive or a negative effect, and thus can be referred as a "guardian of differentiation" at large.
An improved procedure for the Blaise reaction: a short, practical route to the key intermediates of the saxitoxin synthesis (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn improved procedure for the Blaise reaction: a short, practical route to the key intermediates of the saxitoxin synthesisSteven M. Hannick and Yoshito KishiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 21, 3833–3835Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00169a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00169a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2661Altmetric-Citations155LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Role of solvent properties of aqueous media in macromolecular crowding effects (2015)

Analysis of the macromolecular crowding effects in polymer solutions show that the excluded volume effect is not the only factor affecting the behavior of biomolecules in a crowded environment. The observed inconsistencies are commonly explained by the so-called soft interactions, such as electrostatic, hydrophobic, and van der Waals interactions, between the crowding agent and the protein, in addition to the hard nonspecific steric interactions. We suggest that the changes in the solvent properties of aqueous media induced by the crowding agents may be the root of these "soft" interactions. To check this hypothesis, the solvatochromic comparison method was used to determine the solvent dipolarity/polarizability, hydrogen-bond donor acidity, and hydrogen-bond acceptor basicity of aqueous solutions of different polymers (dextran, poly(ethylene glycol), Ficoll, Ucon, and polyvinylpyrrolidone) with the polymer concentration up to 40% typically used as crowding agents. Polymer-induced changes in these features were found to be polymer type and concentration specific, and, in case of polyethylene glycol (PEG), molecular mass specific. Similarly sized polymers PEG and Ucon producing different changes in the solvent properties of water in their solutions induced morphologically different α-synuclein aggregates. It is shown that the crowding effects of some polymers on protein refolding and stability reported in the literature can be quantitatively described in terms of the established solvent features of the media in these polymers solutions. These results indicate that the crowding agents do induce changes in solvent properties of aqueous media in crowded environment. Therefore, these changes should be taken into account for crowding effect analysis.
Community detection in large‐scale networks: a survey and empirical evaluation (2014)

Community detection is a common problem in graph data analytics that consists of finding groups of densely connected nodes with few connections to nodes outside of the group. In particular, identifying communities in large‐scale networks is an important task in many scientific domains. In this review, we evaluated eight state‐of‐the‐art and five traditional algorithms for overlapping and disjoint community detection on large‐scale real‐world networks with known ground‐truth communities. These 13 algorithms were empirically compared using goodness metrics that measure the structural properties of the identified communities, as well as performance metrics that evaluate these communities against the ground‐truth. Our results show that these two types of metrics are not equivalent. That is, an algorithm may perform well in terms of goodness metrics, but poorly in terms of performance metrics, or vice versa. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:426–439. doi: 10.1002/wics.1319 This article is categorized under: Algorithms and Computational Methods > Algorithms Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification Data: Types and Structure > Graph and Network Data
Inhalational drug delivery from seven different spacer devices. (1996)

Under the test conditions used, large volume spacers such as the Fisonair, Nebuhaler, and Volumatic delivered significantly more DSCG and salbutamol than the smaller spacers tested. The differences between spacers were less for budesonide than the other medications studied. This study shows that there are significant differences in the amount of drug available for inhalation when different spacers are used as inhalational aids with different drugs. Spacer devices need to be fully evaluated for each drug prescribed for them.
Achieving hemostasis in dermatology-Part II: Topical hemostatic agents (2013)

Bleeding is a common occurrence during any dermatologic surgery that disrupts blood vessels. The complications of excess bleeding can include delayed wound healing, hematoma formation, infection, dehiscence, and necrosis. In part one of this review, we discussed the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative management of patients undergoing dermatologic surgery. In Part two, we discuss traditional and new topical hemostatic agents used to achieve hemostasis in dermatological procedures and surgery. We will evaluate the caustic and non-caustic hemostatic agents as well as hemostatic dressings. The mechanisms of action, side effect profile, and advantages and disadvantages of the topical hemostatic agents are provided. Sources for this article were found searching the English literature in PubMed for the time period 1940 to March 2012. A thorough bibliography search was also performed and key references examined.
Theoretical and experimental studies of distributed piezoelectric actuators for interior noise control (1994)

A special design theory for distributed piezoelectric actuators is introduced, for reducing noise and vibration in structures. A uniform cylindrical shell is taken as an example of a host structure to illustrate the effectiveness of the design theory. The actuators are designed to reduce the shell structural vibration and interior noise in a wide range of frequencies, for cases where the input disturbance is tonal. Extensive computer simulations were completed to study various aspects of the design theory. In addition, experiments were conducted and the test results strongly supported the theoretical development.
The Balgrist hip socket for cementless fixation in primary total hip replacements and in acetabular revisions. (1994)

The results of 532 hip arthroplasties in which an uncemented Balgrist hip socket had been used in 387 primary total hip replacements and in 145 acetabular revisions were reviewed after a maximum of six years. The socket consists of two tapered parts, namely an expansive outer titanium-alloy split ring and an insert of polyethylene. The mean age of the patients at the time of operation was 54.3 years in primary hip replacements, and 64.7 years in acetabular revisions. Acetabular deficiency according to the AAOS classification was found in 21% of the primary arthroplasties, and in 80.7% of the acetabular revisions. Using Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis, with the use of prosthesis revision as the endpoint of failure, the survival rate at five years was 99% in primary arthroplasties, and 88.7% in acetabular revisions. Our data suggest that the unique socket design of the Balgrist hip socket gives very satisfactory clinical results not only in primary hip replacements but also in acetabular revisions even with various acetabular defects.
597. Monomethiodides of some 3-substituted 4 : 7-phenanthrolines (1956)

W. O. Sykes, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 3087 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560003087
Substrate-integrated waveguide transitions to planar transmission-line technologies (2012)

For the purpose of integrating active, nonlinear and surface-mount components in substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology, this paper presents a variety of new and modified transitions from SIW to other planar transmission lines. Typical performances are shown involving connections to microstrip, coplanar waveguide (both conductor-backed and regular), coplanar strip line and slot line technologies. Both modified and new transition examples in the 18 – 27 GHz range demonstrate the feasibility of such interfaces for bandwidths in the order of 40 percent. Measurements and full-wave simulations validate the proposed designs.
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>β Deficiency Results from Insufficient Remodeling and Degeneration of Mitochondrial and Presynaptic Membranes (2011)

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the widespread presence of axonal swellings (spheroids) in the CNS and PNS and is caused by gene abnormality in PLA2G6 [calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)β (iPLA(2)β)], which is essential for remodeling of membrane phospholipids. To clarify the pathomechanism of INAD, we pathologically analyzed the spinal cords and sciatic nerves of iPLA(2)β knock-out (KO) mice, a model of INAD. At 15 weeks (preclinical stage), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive granules were frequently observed in proximal axons and the perinuclear space of large neurons, and these were strongly positive for a marker of the mitochondrial outer membrane and negative for a marker of the inner membrane. By 100 weeks (late clinical stage), PAS-positive granules and spheroids had increased significantly in the distal parts of axons, and ultrastructural examination revealed that these granules were, in fact, mitochondria with degenerative inner membranes. Collapse of mitochondria in axons was accompanied by focal disappearance of the cytoskeleton. Partial membrane loss at axon terminals was also evident, accompanied by degenerative membranes in the same areas. Imaging mass spectrometry showed a prominent increase of docosahexaenoic acid-containing phosphatidylcholine in the gray matter, suggesting insufficient membrane remodeling in the presence of iPLA(2)β deficiency. Prominent axonal degeneration in neuroaxonal dystrophy might be explained by the collapse of abnormal mitochondria after axonal transportation. Insufficient remodeling and degeneration of mitochondrial inner membranes and presynaptic membranes appear to be the cause of the neuroaxonal dystrophy in iPLA(2)β-KO mice.
Protein Kinase C Isozymes, Novel Phorbol Ester Receptors and Cancer Chemotherapy (2001)

Recent years have seen extensive growth in the understanding of the role(s) of the various PKC isozymes and novel receptors for the phorbol ester tumor promoters. The PKC family of serine-threonine kinases is an important regulator of signaling cascades that control cell proliferation and death, and therefore represent targets for cancer therapy. While past interests have focused on PKC-selective inhibitors, more recently, intensive research has been underway for selective activators and inhibitors for each individual PKC isozyme. In the past few years a large number of PKC activators and inhibitors with potential as anticancer agents have been developed. A number of these compounds are already in Phase II clinical testing. As a new generation of cancer chemotherapeutic agents are designed, developed and put through a series of rigorous clinical trials, we can anticipate achieving exquisite control over PKC-mediated regulatory pathways, leading ultimately to a greater understanding of different cancers.
Hypoxic cell radiosensitization by moderate hyperthermia and glucose deprivation. (1983)

Cell culture studies were carried out to determine whether moderate hyperthermia reduces the oxygen enhancement ratio of cells under well-defined cultural conditions. Using asynchronously growing HeLa cells, the OER of cells with and without glucose was determined following exposure of cells to moderate hyperthermia, 40.5 degrees C for 1 hr, immediately after X irradiation. The OER of cells with 5 mM glucose was 3.2, whereas the OER of glucose-deprived cells was reduced to 2.0. The pH of the cell culture medium was kept at 7.4 throughout the experiments. The present finding may provide a clue toward further enhancing the radiosensitization of hypoxic cells by heat.
Neutron scattering from the Heisenberg ferromagnets EuO and EuS. I. The exchange interactions (1976)

Inelastic-neutron-scattering methods have been used to measure the spin-wave spectrum in EuO and EuS over the entire Brillouin zone. The samples were polycrystalline powders enriched in $^{153}\mathrm{Eu}$. Defining the interaction between pairs of spins to be $\ensuremath{-}2{J}_{\mathrm{nm}}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{n}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{m}$, we obtained for EuO, $\frac{{J}_{1}}{{k}_{B}}=0.606\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.008$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and $\frac{{J}_{2}}{{k}_{B}}=0.119\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K; for EuS, $\frac{{J}_{1}}{{k}_{B}}=0.236\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and $\frac{{J}_{2}}{{k}_{B}}=\ensuremath{-}0.118\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.011$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The measured Curie temperatures for EuO, 69.15 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.05\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and for EuS, 16.57 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.01 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, are in excellent agreement with calculated values obtained from series expansions relating ${T}_{c}$ to the exchange constants. In EuO, the neutron scattering measurements determine ${J}_{1}$ and ${J}_{2}$ separately. Although separate values for the exchange constants were reported in earlier experiments, we show that in fact only the spin-wave stiffness constant of EuO, which is proportional to ${J}_{1}+{J}_{2}$, was actually determined. In EuS, our values of ${J}_{1}$ and ${J}_{2}$ agree with a reanalysis of the specific-heat data.
Continuous electrowetting effect (1982)

We introduce a new electrowetting effect, continuous electrowetting (CEW), and show its advantages for applications to displays and other electro-optic devices. We demonstrate experimentally, by using CEW, fast and reversible electrowetting flow on the theoretically predicted scale of ∼10 cm/s for ∼1-V driving voltage.
Pulsed laser deposition of novel HTS multilayers for passive and active device applications (1993)

Multilayered structures have been fabricated from binary combinations of the high-T/sub c/ superconductor YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta / (YBCO) and the ferrite BaFe/sub 12/O/sub 19/ (BFO) or the ferroelectric Sr/sub 0.5/Ba/sub 0.5/TiO/sub 3/ (SBT). The combination of YBCO and BFO was found to destroy the superconductivity of the YBCO layer. Vibrating sample magnetometer measurements of the BFO layer still indicated a large uniaxial anisotropy. The underlying YBCO layer of an SBT/YBCO bilayer still had high quality transport properties unaffected by the SBT layer (T/sub c/ approximately 91 K. J/sub c/(77 K) approximately 2*10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/). A thin-film, normal metal/SBT transmission line, patterned in microstrip, demonstrated a wealth of temperature and electric field dependent dielectric information for the frequency range tested (f<or=3 GHz). At 100 K, the dielectric constant for zero applied field was 250 for frequencies less than 30 MHz; it was approximately 120 for 1 GHz<or=f<or=3 GHz, and it varied continuously with frequency between these values. For temperatures between 300 K and 11 K, frequencies less than about 0.5 GHz, and applied fields up to 200 kV/cm, a nearly linear change in field-induced phase difference was produced in the transmission line. Above this frequency the field dependence changed sign and essentially disappeared at approximately 1 GHz.<<ETX>>
ABwE :A Practical Approach to Available Bandwidth Estimation (2002)

Abstract—We report on a new tool developed for monitoring available bandwidth in the range from several Mbits/s to 1000 Mbits/s. The tool is based on the packet pair dispersion technique. It has been in experimental use at SLAC for several months and it has been demonstrated at iGrid2002 and SC2002. It can be used for detecting bandwidth changes caused by routing or congestions. We have studied the influence of cross traffic and the behavior of routers on the delay of the probing packets. The paper presents part of these analyses together with results from monitoring of 12 paths in US, Japan and in Europe. Index Terms—available bandwidth, dispersion technique, packet-pairs, high-throughput, measurement tools, monitoring, networks, tuning, TCP.
Comparative Properties of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Fumed Silica Filled Two-Component Polyurethane Adhesives (2012)

Two fumed silicas, one hydrophilic and another hydrophobic, were added to a two-component polyurethane (PU) adhesive and their properties compared. The filled polyurethanes were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and water and diiodomethane contact angle measurements. The adhesive strength was evaluated from single lap-shear tests of solvent wiped stainless steel/polyurethane adhesive joints. The fumed silicas were well-dispersed in the polyurethane matrix as bundles of nanometric spherical silica particles. However, some micron size agglomerates of fumed silica appeared in the filled polyurethane. The addition of fumed silica favoured the degree of phase separation between the hard and the soft segments in the polyurethane. The polyurethanes were not fully cured under the conditions used in this study and the addition of fumed silica inhibited the curing reaction; the extent of the curing reaction was not affected by the hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature of the fumed silica. The filled polyurethanes were further cured during DSC experiments and this was noticed by the appearance of the melting of the hard segments and the displacement of the second glass transition to a higher temperature. On the other hand, the addition of fumed silica increased the wettability and the surface energy of the polyurethane; this increase was mainly due to an increase in the polar component of the surface energy. The increase in surface energy is somewhat more marked in the case of the hydrophilic silica filled polyurethane, indicating that the polarity of the fumed silica affected the surface properties of the polyurethane. Finally, the addition of the hydrophilic fumed silica increased the adhesion of the filled polyurethane adhesive to stainless steel which was in agreement with the higher surface energy of the hydrophilic fumed silica filled polyurethane.