gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trajectoires résidentielles de classes moyennes et gentrification des anciens quartiers populaires (2013)

et de quelque manire que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord pralable et crit de l'diteur, en dehors des cas prvus par la lgislation en vigueur en France. Il est prcis que son stockage dans une base de donnes est galement interdit.
Molecular Mechanism of Co‐translational Protein Targeting by the Signal Recognition Particle (2011)

The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a key component of the cellular machinery that couples the ongoing synthesis of proteins to their proper localization, and has often served as a paradigm for understanding the molecular basis of protein localization within the cell. The SRP pathway exemplifies several key molecular events required for protein targeting to cellular membranes: the specific recognition of signal sequences on cargo proteins, the efficient delivery of cargo to the target membrane, the productive unloading of cargo to the translocation machinery and the precise spatial and temporal coordination of these molecular events. Here we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathway, and discuss new questions raised by these findings.
<i> A Course in Mathematics for Students of Physics: Volume 1</i> (1990)

First Page
Multidirectional transparent support for overground gait training (2013)

Gait and balance training is an essential ingredient for locomotor rehabilitation of patients with neurological impairments. Robotic overhead support systems may help these patients train, for example by relieving them of part of their body weight. However, there are only very few systems that provide support during overground gait, and these suffer from limited degrees of freedom and/or undesired interaction forces due to uncompensated robot dynamics, namely inertia. Here, we suggest a novel mechanical concept that is based on cable robot technology and that allows three-dimensional gait training while reducing apparent robot dynamics to a minimum. The solution does not suffer from the conventional drawback of cable robots, which is a limited workspace. Instead, displaceable deflection units follow the human subject above a large walking area. These deflection units are not actuated, instead they are implicitly displaced by means of the forces in the cables they deflect. This leads to an underactuated design, because the deflection units cannot be moved arbitrarily. However, the design still allows accurate control of a three-dimensional force vector acting on a human subject during gait. We describe the mechanical concept, the control concept, and we show first experimental results obtained with the device, including the force control performance during robot-supported overground gait of five human subjects without motor impairments.
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Head-Down Contact and Spearing in Tackle Football. (2004)

OBJECTIVE: To present recommendations that decrease the risk of cervical spine fractures and dislocations in football players. BACKGROUND: Axial loading of the cervical spine resulting from head-down contact is the primary cause of spinal cord injuries. Keeping the head up and initiating contact with the shoulder or chest decreases the risk of these injuries. The 1976 rule changes resulted in a dramatic decrease in catastrophic cervical spine injuries. However, the helmet-contact rules are rarely enforced and head-down contact still occurs frequently. Our recommendations are directed toward decreasing the incidence of head-down contact. RECOMMENDATIONS: Educate players, coaches, and officials that unintentional and intentional head-down contact can result in catastrophic injuries. Increase the time tacklers, ball carriers, and blockers spend practicing correct contact techniques. Improve the enforcement and understanding of the existing helmet-contact penalties.
Introduction (2018)

Even on orthodox views, knowledge is related to action and to practical reasoning. For, knowledge implies belief, and of course belief influences action. Knowledge also implies truth and justification, and so action on the basis of knowledge will often have good features. It will tend to be successful and reasonable. But if belief is understood, as it often is in the tradition, as merely having high confidence, one won’t always be willing to act on one’s knowledge. You might have a high degree of confidence that a dish on the menu doesn’t contain shellfish, but if you’re allergic, a high degree of confidence won’t be enough for you to order the dish. Similarly, if justification is understood, as it usually is in the tradition, as merely having good reasons or evidence, one won’t always be reasonable to act on one’s knowledge in situations in which that knowledge is relevant. You might not be reasonable to order that dish, if you are allergic.
A one-step homogeneous plasmonic circular dichroism detection of aqueous mercury ions using nucleic acid functionalized gold nanorods (2012)

In this work, we report the application of gold nanorods ladder assemblies as chiroptical sensors for detecting mercury ions (Hg(2+)). By taking advantage of the Hg(2+)-mediated T-T base pair of DNA and the high sensitivity of CD measurements, the method offers a simple and sensitive detection of target Hg(2+) residues in water. Therefore, the developed method will be a promising tool for monitoring heavy metal ions, other small molecules and biomacromolecules.
Eclipse telescope design factors (2003)

Very high contrast imagery, required for exoplanet image acquisition, imposes significantly different criteria upon telescope architecture than do the requirements imposed upon most spaceborne telescopes. For the Eclipse Mission, the fundamental figure-of-merit is a stellar contrast, or brightness reduction ratio, reaching a factor of 10<sup>-9</sup> or better at star-planet distances as close as the 4th Airy ring. Factors necessary to achieve such contrast ratios are both irrelevant and largely ignored in contemporary telescope design. Although contemporary telescoeps now meet Hubble Space Telescope performance at substantially lower mass and cost than HST, control of mid-spatial-frequency (MSF) errors, crucial to coronagraphy, has not been emphasized. Accordingly, roughness at MSF has advanced little since HST. Fortunately, HST primary mirror smoothness would nearly satisfy Eclipse requirements, although other aspects of HST are undesirable for stellar coronagraphy. Conversely, the narrow field required for Eclipse eases other drivers of traditional telescope design. A systematic approach to telescope definition, with primary and sub-tier figures-of-merit, will be discussed in the context of the Eclipse Mission.
A lower minimum legal drinking age was associated with increased suicide in youths 18–23 years of age (2000)

Birckmayer J, Hemenway D. Minimum-age drinking laws and youth suicide, 1970 – 1990. Am J Public Health1999 Sep; 89 : 1365 –8. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] QUESTION: Does an association exist between the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) and suicide among young people? Population-based time series for 1970–90. 48 contiguous states in the US. Population figures were derived from the US censuses for 1970, 1980, and 1990. Data for the intervening years were calculated by attributing one tenth of the population change to each year. The MLDA for beer was obtained from state statutes. The following potential confounding variables were also assessed: rates of high school completion, divorce, and unemployment; level … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAmerican%2BJournal%2Bof%2BPublic%2BHealth%26rft.stitle%253DAJPH%26rft.aulast%253DBirckmayer%26rft.auinit1%253DJ%26rft.volume%253D89%26rft.issue%253D9%26rft.spage%253D1365%26rft.epage%253D1368%26rft.atitle%253DMinimum-age%2Bdrinking%2Blaws%2Band%2Byouth%2Bsuicide%252C%2B1970-1990.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.2105%252FAJPH.89.9.1365%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10474554%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.2105/AJPH.89.9.1365&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10474554&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmental%2F3%2F2%2F59.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000082214600012&link_type=ISI
Comparison of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and T3 RNA Polymerases (1973)

The sensitivities of the Escherichia coli and bacteriophage T3 RNA polymerases to various compounds have been investigated in vitro. Neither enzyme is sensitive to the drug α‐amanitin. The E. coli polymerase is inhibited by an exotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis ; the phage enzyme is not. Although both enzymes are inhibited by actinomycin D and distamycin A, there is a differential effect: the T3 enzyme is more sensitive to distamycin A than the E. coli enzyme, and less sensitive to actinomycin D. While distamycin A preferentially inhibits chain initiation by both enzymes, actinomycin D affects mainly chain elongation. The rifamycin derivative AF/013 was found to selectively inhibit chain initiation by the T3 RNA polymerase and this drug was used to characterize a transient initiation complex observed when the T3 RNA polymerase is incubated with GTP alone as a substrate.
Source follower: A misunderstood humble circuit (2013)

The paper demonstrates that the source follower is the core of such seemingly disparate circuits as the wideband amplifier, crystal oscillator and emitter-coupled multivibrator. It is shown that the input impedance of the follower loaded by a capacitor has a negative real part. This part compensates partially or completely the resistive component of the signal source impedance. The compensation develops a strong overshoot in the step-signal transmission; in case of inductive component in the source impedance the circuit may operate as well as oscillator. The oscillators can be also obtained coupling two source followers; this may result in new oscillator circuits.
Fermentation of cellulose and hemicellulose carbohydrates by thermotolerant yeasts (1982)

Thermotolerant yeast, HT4, grows extensively in the temperature range of 30 to 45/sup 0/C. This yeast also ferments glucose at a high rate in the termperature range of 30 to 50/sup 0/C. When incubated in combination with Trichoderma cellulase to convert cellulose to ethanol, HT4 displays a higher rate of ethanol production at 45/sup 0/C than at lower temperatures. One of the benefits of using thermotolerant yeasts, such as HT4, is that cooling problems can be simplified during large-scale fermentations. 6 figures, 3 tables.
Alternatively Spliced Isoforms of TRIP8b Differentially Control h Channel Trafficking and Function (2009)

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels (h channels) are the molecular basis for the current, I(h), which contributes crucially to intrinsic neuronal excitability. The subcellular localization and biophysical properties of h channels govern their function, but the mechanisms controlling these characteristics, and especially the potential role of auxiliary subunits or other binding proteins, remain unclear. We focused on TRIP8b, an h channel-interacting protein that colocalizes with HCN1 in cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neuron dendrites, and found that it exists in multiple alternative splice variants with distinct effects on h channel trafficking and function. The developmentally regulated splice variants of TRIP8b all shared dual, C terminus-located interaction sites with HCN1. When coexpressed with HCN1 in heterologous cells individual TRIP8b isoforms similarly modulated gating of I(h), causing a hyperpolarizing shift in voltage dependence of channel activation, but differentially upregulated or downregulated I(h) current density and HCN1 surface expression. In hippocampal neurons, coexpression of TRIP8b isoforms with HCN1 produced isoform-specific changes of HCN1 localization. Interestingly, the TRIP8b isoforms most abundant in the brain are those predicted to enhance h channel surface expression. Indeed, shRNA knockdown of TRIP8b in hippocampal neurons significantly reduced native I(h). Thus, although TRIP8b exists in multiple splice isoforms, our data suggest that the predominant role of this protein in brain is to promote h channel surface expression and enhance I(h). Because I(h) expression is altered in models of several diseases, including temporal lobe epilepsy, TRIP8b may play a role in both normal neuronal function and in aberrant neuronal excitability associated with neurological disease.
Influence of Phospholipids on Ruminal Fermentation in Vitro and on Nutrient Digestion and Serum Lipids in Sheep (1989)

Phospholipid supplements were incubated in vitro or fed to sheep to determine how they affected ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestion and serum lipid concentration. In vitro, deoiled soybean lecithin added to hay increased (P less than .05) total VFA concentration but had no effect on fiber digestion in four of five trials. Purified phospholipid (synthetic phosphatidylethanolamine), however, had little effect on in vitro hay fermentation when tested at four levels (0, 10, 20 or 30 mg) in three separate trials. Deoiled soybean lecithin disappeared in vitro at two rates, 12.9 and .66%/h for the fast- and slow-degrading fractions, respectively. Compared with 2.4% corn oil supplements, 5.2% soybean lecithin added to sheep diets (56% concentrate) reduced (P less than .05) energy, fiber and nitrogen digestibilities. Crude lecithin reduced (P less than .05) energy digestibility more than deoiled lecithin. Both types of lecithin increased (P less than .05) serum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations but had no effect on serum glucose, cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations compared with the corn oil diet. In summary, phospholipids had different effects on ruminal fermentation, depending on their source. None had a beneficial effect on fiber digestion. Phospholipids are degraded in the rumen and inhibit digestion in a manner similar to that of the commercial fats and oils.
What next for Internet journals? Implications of the trend towards paid placement in search engines (2001)

Free online journals have long had a difficult time surviving on the Internet. One method of article discovery for these publications has been through the use of Internet search engines. Will these journals and other non-profit organizations be lost in the Internet's black hole with the advent of paid placement, inclusion, and submission?
Mobilisation of intracellular calcium by P2Y2 receptors in cultured, non-transformed bovine ciliary epithelial cells (1997)

In the bovine ciliary epithelium, ATP stimulates P2Y2 receptors coupled to a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. The results also suggest that this receptor activates phospholipase C, leading to mobilisation of calcium from intracellular stores.
The structures of some metal compounds of uranium (1949)

The compounds UAl2, UAl3, UAl5, UHg2, UHg3, UHg4 and USn3 all have standard type structures, except UHg4 and UAl5, which are quite complex. UHg4 appears to be a distortion of a body-centered cubic arrangement. The structure of UAl5 remains unknown.
Increased Virulence of an Epidemic Strain of Mycobacterium massiliense in Mice (2011)

These results provide the first direct evidence of the increased virulence in macrophages and mice and pathogenicity in vivo of the Brazilian epidemic isolate and the first observation that NTM infections can be associated with variable levels of regulatory T cells which may impact on their virulence and ability to persist in the host.
N-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione carbamates as aminyl and aminium radical precursors. Cyclizations for synthesis of the pyrrolidine nucleus (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione carbamates as aminyl and aminium radical precursors. Cyclizations for synthesis of the pyrrolidine nucleusMartin Newcomb and Thomas M. DeebCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 10, 3163–3165Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00244a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00244a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views696Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Glycinergic pathways in the goldfish retina (1981)

Autoradiographic localization of high affinity [3H]glycine uptake in the retina of the goldfish has been used to study some anatomical and physiological properties of potentially glycinergic neurons. There are two classes of retinal cells exhibiting high affinity glycine uptake: Aa amacrine cells and I2 interplexiform cells. Aa amacrine cells constitute about 20% of the somas in the amacrine cell layer and send their dendrites to the middle of the inner plexiform layer. There they are both pre- and postsynaptic primarily to other amacrine cells. Photic modulation of glycine uptake indicates that they are probably red-hyperpolarizing/green-depolarizing neurons. I2 interplexiform cells are a newly discovered type of interplexiform cell; in the outer plexiform layer, they receive direct synaptic input from the somas of red-dominated GABAergic H1 horizontal cells and are apparently presynaptic to dendrites of unidentified types of horizontal cells. The connections of I2 interplexiform cells have not been successfully characterized in the inner plexiform layer. These findings extend our knowledge of neurochemically specific pathways in the cyprinid retina and indicate that glycine, like GABA, is a neurotransmitter primarily involved with circuits coding "red" information.
An Optimal Algorithm for Testing Stuck-at Faults in Random Access Memories (1977)

This correspondence presents an optimal algorithm to detect any single "stuck-at-i," "stuck-at-O" fault and any combination of "stuck-at-I," "stuck-at-O" multiple faults in a random access memory using only the n-bit memory address register input and m-bit memory buffer register input and output lines. It is shown that this algorithm requires 4 X 2n memory accesses.
A single-chip 2.4-Gb/s CMOS optical receiver IC with low substrate cross-talk preamplifier (1998)

A single-chip 2.4-Gb/s CMOS optical-receiver IC has been realized for the first time using 0.15-/spl mu/m gate bulk CMOS. The chip integrates a preamplifier, an automatic gain control, a phase-locked loop, and a 1:8 demultiplexer. This circuit has achieved a low power consumption of 104 mW (at 2.4 Gb/s, V/sub D/D=2 V), which is much smaller than that of conventional GaAs field-effect transistors and Si bipolar IC's. The design methodology to reduce digital-to-analog substrate cross-talk noise is discussed. Using this methodology, a low-cross-talk sensitive preamplifier circuit with a 5.9 GHz bandwidth and a 59-dB/spl Omega/ gain has been developed and integrated into a single-chip receiver IC.
Highly directional output from long-lived resonances in optical microcavity (2011)

We report a simple and robust mechanism that can result in highly directional emission from long-lived resonances in microcavities. By placing a nanoparticle (NP) into the evanescent wave region of microcavities, highly directional outputs with divergence angle ~1.9°-10° can be obtained in single or double directions. The perturbation of NP on evanescent waves preserves the high-quality (Q) factors, and the collimation of microcavities generates the highly directional outputs. Our numerical simulations show that this mechanism is very robust to the size of NP and the refractive index/separation distance/size of microcavities.
Mechanisms of hydrolysis of thioacetals (1990)

D. P. N. Satchell and R. S. Satchell, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1990, 19, 55 DOI: 10.1039/CS9901900055
Feedforward techniques using voltage integral duty-cycle control (for power convertors) (2003)

Two power convertor feedforward techniques (reset integral control and modulated integral control) based on the integral duty-cycle control concept are investigated. While retaining the performance features of the conventional voltage feedforward technique in terms of input harmonics and disturbance rejection these techniques also correct automatically the errors caused by switching losses. Modulated integral control is also capable of compensating for the effect of switching delays on the input. The attenuation of input source harmonics achieved by these two techniques is evaluated quantitatively. Design considerations are discussed, and experimental results on a 1 kW prototype confirm the feasibility and features of the proposed techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stabilization of λ repressor against thermal denaturation by site‐directed Gly→Ala changes in α‐helix 3 (1986)

Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis has been used to replace alpha-helical glycines in the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor with alanines. Since alanine is a significantly better helix-forming residue than glycine, these changes were predicted to have a stabilizing effect. We show that the Gly46----Ala substitution, the Gly48----Ala substitution, and the double substitution increase the melting temperature of the N-terminal domain by 3-6 degrees.
Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangement in Immature B Cells (1980)

Two types of immature B cells, namely fetal liver hybridomas and the leukemic cell line 70Z/3, both of which have cytoplasmic mu chains but no light chains, were examined for DNA rearrangements of their light chain and heavy chain immunoglobulin genes. In the fetal liver hybridomas, which were constructed from fetal liver cells and a tumor cell, no light chain gene rearrangement was observed, whereas in the 70Z/3 cell line a kappa light chain rearrangement probably occurred. The results suggest that, although the lack of light chain synthesis can be due to a lack of gene rearrangement, there may also be transcriptional regulation, which may also be important for the expression of light chain immunoglobulins in immature B cells.
Separation Prediction for Conical Diffusers (1960)

A method of incompressible turbulent boundary-layer analysis based on the D parameter introduced by D. Ross is applied to conical-diffuser flow. The separation conditions are shown to depend on the initial momentum-thickness Reynolds number and a distance parameter involving the initial momentum thickness, the initial radius, and the diffuser length. Comparison with experimental information on diffuser separation indicates that the predictions are reliable, but conservative.