gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An H.264/AVC to HEVC video transcoder based on mode mapping (2013)

The emerging video coding standard, HEVC, was developed to replace the current standard, H.264/AVC. However, in order to promote inter-operability with existing systems using the H.264/AVC, transcoding from H.264/AVC to the HEVC codec is highly needed. This paper presents a transcoding solution that uses machine learning techniques in order to map H.264/AVC macroblocks into HEVC coding units (CUs). Two alternatives to build the machine learning model are evaluated. The first uses a static training, where the model is built offline and used to transcode any video sequence. The other uses a dynamic training, with two well-defined stages: a training stage and a transcoding stage. In the training stage, full re-encoding is performed while the H.264/AVC and the HEVC information are gathered. This information is then used to build a model, which is used in the transcoding stage to classify the HEVC CU partitioning. Both solutions are tested with well-known video sequences and evaluated in terms of rate-distortion (RD) and complexity. The proposed method is on average 2.26 times faster than the trivial transcoder using fast motion estimation, while yielding a RD loss of only 3.6% in terms of bitrate.
Developments in coal mine methane drainage and utilisation in Australia (2009)

In recent years there has been significant development in the field of coalbed and coal mine methane drainage and utilisation in Australia. This development has, in part, been necessitated by the rapid increase in mine production capacity and the need to maintain the safety of the mine and its employees through effective management of coal seam gas emission and outburst risk. The increased awareness of the contribution of coal mine gas emission, estimated to account for 4-5% of Australia's 559 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (MtCO2-e) annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is placing additional pressure on operators to increase coal seam gas capture and emissions reduction measures. This paper discusses the various sources of gas emission from an operating underground coal mine, with particular focus on longwall mining which accounts for the majority of Australian underground coal production. A variety of gas drainage techniques, both from surface and from within operating underground mines, are described along with a range of commonly encountered problems that exist within coal mine gas drainage systems that prevent optimum drainage performance being achieved. Two variations of a new surface-based gas drainage system for the removal of goaf gas to improve longwall mine productivity and safety are described. This proposed new technique aims to cost effectively increase the total gas volume extracted from the goaf whilst maintaining a relatively consistent gas production rate throughout the operating life of the well. Various methods of coal mine methane gas utilisation are examined, including the capture and utilisation of low concentration methane present in mine ventilation air.
ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF THE NOVEL 3– ALKOXY -1,2-DIHYDRO-3H-1,4-BENZODIAZEPIN-2- ONES (2014)

The analgesic activity of the series of 1,2-dihydro-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones substituted in position 3 was studied. As a leader, it was revealed the compound 8 (3-propoxy-7-bromo-5-(2’-chloro)phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one) with ED50 value of 0,030 ± 0,007 mg/kg, which also has demonstrated in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in rats.
Scale issues in tourism development (1998)

Proponents of Alternative Tourism overwhelmingly believe that alternative forms of tourism development need to be small in scale. Inasmuch as tourists' demand has great power to shape the market, the issues surrounding the tourism development scale deserve further consideration. This paper discusses the implications and effects of the tourism development scale on natural resources and the environment from the perspective of externalities, strategic business behaviors, energy and resource efficiency, and the pollution detecting and monitoring abilities of environmental administrators. It concludes that small scale development is not necessarily more sustainable or environmentally sound than larger scale development. It is a fallacy that alternative forms of tourism development need to be in small scale. To be sustainable, scale considerations should be subject to the efficiency principle and the carrying capacity of the environment. If efficiency and carrying capacity are ignored, small scale development as well as large scale development will equally lead to environmental deterioration.
Polymorphism of beta-adrenergic receptors and susceptibility to open-angle glaucoma. (2006)

Certain polymorphisms of the ADRB1 and ADRB2 genes influence the pathophysiology of OAG in Japanese patients.
YC-14 System for Leading-Edge Boundary-Layer Control (1976)

A high-lift leading-edge boundary-layer-control (BLC) system is an integral part of the design of the YC-14 prototype airplane. The system is based on the concept of blowing and uses bleed air from the eighth and fourteenth stages of the high-pressure compressor of the main engine. Air from the two sources is mixed in a fixed-geometry ejector to provide the necessary blowing. Automatic control permits the BLC system to select its own operating mode (takeoff or landing) and to accommodate all engine and engine-out maneuvers. This paper discusses the evolution of the YC-14 BLC system.
Emollient action of kukui nut oil (1993)

Dry skin drives the search for effective mollients. This report searches for an explanation of the superb skin feel of this native Hawaiian oil. Using skin stripping technology and gas chromatography, we demonstrated kukui oil&apos;s ability to penetrate the stratum corneum, leaving a triglyceride barrier containing a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. A kukui oil-based lotion was also very effective in laying down an emollient layer of lipids. However, skin penetration did not distinguish kukui oil from oils containing saturated fatty acids. It is speculated that the skin feel of kukui oil may be due to the fact that it lays down a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, forming a semipermeable barrier that would protect the skin from further drying and would allow dry skin to heal naturally. It was found that kukui oil is quite stable as judged functionally by the degradation of linolenate (C18:3n-3).
“Invisible” Silver Tracks Produced by Combining Hot‐Embossing and Inkjet Printing (2008)

Abstract Hot‐embossed features are prepared by pushing customized and standard silicon calibration gratings, known as masters, into either polystyrene or polycarbonate, which are kept above their glass transition temperatures. droplet of a silver nanoparticle ink is then dispensed over one of these as‐formed grooves using an inkjet printer. The ink fills the grooves as a consequence of capillary forces and is observed to form tracks with a uniform width. The tracks are described as ‘invisible’ on account of having widths ranging from 5 to 15 µm. Wider tracks can be produced by dispensing more droplets and tracks with different morphologies can be produced by using different masters. Several as‐prepared features are thermally treated to produce conductive silver tracks. The conductivity of the tracks is found to be ∼20% that of bulk silver.
Dendritic cells and macrophages are required for Th1 development of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from <i>αβ</i> TCR transgenic mice: IL-12 substitution for macrophages to stimulate IFN-<sub>γ</sub> production is IFN-<sub>γ</sub>-dependent (1993)

We have examined the antigen presenting cell (APC) requirements for primary T cell activation and T helper (Th) cell phenotype differentiation using naive CD4+ T cells from alpha beta TCR transgenic mice. Purified dendritic cells were the principal cell required for induction of primary ovalbumin peptide specific T cell activation and clonal expansion. However, dendritic cells did not induce differentiation of T cells toward Th1 or Th2 phenotype. Addition of IL-4 during primary dendritic cell stimulations of T cells resulted in the development of a Th2 phenotype which produced high levels of IL-4 during secondary and tertiary stimulation. In contrast, development of Th1 cells producing high levels of IFN-gamma could not be induced with dendritic cells alone but required the addition of appropriately activated macrophages. Addition of splenic or peritoneal B cells did not induce Th1 development. Activated splenic macrophages induced Th1 development via a non-MHC restricted mechanism. Thus, requirements for induction of proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells are distinct from those directing Th1 phenotype development. IL-12 could replace the requirement for macrophages to induce Th1 development when T cells were activated with dendritic cells. Furthermore, this IL-12 mediated development of Th1 cells producing high levels of IFN-gamma was dependent on IFN-gamma.
Swelling of Wood. Part III. Effect of Temperature and Extractives on Rate and Maximum Swelling (1995)

Summary Wood swelling Rate of wood swelling The swelling of wood in organic liquids at elevated temperatures has been investigated with the use of Activation energy of wood a computerized linear variable displacement transformer (LVDT). Wood swelled extremely fast at high swelling temperatures. The rate of wood swelling in organic liquids showed a strong dependence on temperature Arrhenius equation which closely obeyed the classical Arrhenius equation. This strict linear dependence of wood swelling
Three-dimensional coupled-wave analysis for square-lattice photonic crystal surface emitting lasers with transverse-electric polarization: finite-size effects (2012)

We develop a coupled-wave model that is capable of treating finite-size square-lattice photonic crystal surface emitting lasers with transverse-electric polarization. Various properties of interest including threshold gain, mode frequency, field intensity envelope within the device, far-field pattern, as well as polarization and divergence angle of the output beam for the band-edge modes are calculated. Theoretical predictions of the lowest threshold mode and the output beam profile are in good agreement with our experimental findings. In particular, we show that, contrary to the infinite periodic case, the finite length of the device significantly affects surface emission and mode selection properties of the laser device.
Reactions of 2,2′,5′,2′‐terfuran (1995)

Abstract Formylation of 2,2′,5′,2′‐terfuran ( 1 ) with N ‐methylformanilide and phosphorus oxychloride gave 5‐formyl‐2,2′,5′,2′‐terfuran ( 2 ) and 5,5′‐diformyl‐2,2′5′,2′‐terfuran ( 3 ). Reduction of 2 and 3 afforded 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2,2′,5′,2′‐terfuran ( 4 ) and 5,5′ dihydroxymethyl‐2,2′,5′,2′‐terfuran ( 5 ), respectively. Terfuran 1 reacted with phenylmagnesium bromide to give 5‐(phenylhydroxymethyl)‐2,2′,5′,2′‐terfuran ( 6 ), and was carbonated to 5‐carboxy 2,2′,5′,2′‐terfuran ( 7 ) and 5,5′‐dicarboxy‐2,2′,5′,2′‐terfuran ( 8 ). Bromination of 1 with N ‐bromosuccinimide gave 5,5′‐dibromo 2,2′,5′,2′‐terfuran ( 9 ).
[Effects of magnesium lithospermate B on D-galactosamine induced rat liver injury]. (1993)

To investigate the effective ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhizae on anti-liver injury, the water soluble component of the above drug, magnesium lithosperamate B, was used to conduct the experimental treatment of acute liver injury by D-galactosamine (10 mg/kg body weight, orally). The results showed that the component could obviously attenuate the necrosis of liver tissues, lower the activities of serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST), P < 0.05. Compared with those of the normal rats, the levels of the products of cyclo-oxygenase (6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, prostaglandin D2 and total prostaglandins) in the metabolism of arachidonic acid in non-parenchymal cells of acute liver-injured rats were markedly decreased (P < 0.05). These data revealed that magnesium lithosperamate B might be one of the main components of Salvia miltiorrhizae in anti-liver injury, while increasing the levels of total prostaglandins in liver non-parenchymal cells was perhaps one of the mechanisms of anti-liver injury.
Variability in Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism of Cardiovascular Drugs: Clinical Implications and Practical Attempts to Avoid Potential Problems (2004)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play an important role in the turnover of more than 50 cardiovascular drugs (CVDs). Variable CYP activities due to genetic polymorphism or drug interactions are important sources of variability in systemic exposure of many of these drugs. The therapeutic implications are in most cases an increased response (effect/side effects) in patients with genetically determined decreased/deficient metabolic activity or during concurrent use of CYP inhibitors. Special attention with regard to safety should be paid to several coumarin-type anticoagulants, antiarrhythmics, β-receptor antagonists and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). Prevention of potential clinical problems associated with CYP variability is easily achieved using equally effective therapeutic alternatives that are not dependent on CYP metabolism. However, if ‘CYP sensitive’ CVDs are either the preferred or only therapeutic alternatives, restrictive use of inhibitors is advisable, whereas patient genotyping prior to treatment might be a helpful tool to apply rational (individual) doses for certain agents.
Thailandepsins are new small molecule class I HDAC inhibitors with potent cytotoxic activity in ovarian cancer cells: a preclinical study of epigenetic ovarian cancer therapy (2012)

Abstract Background New treatment strategies are emerging to target DNA damage response pathways in ovarian cancer. Our group has previously shown that the class I biased HDAC inhibitor romidepsin (FK228) induces DNA damage response and has potent cytotoxic effects in ovarian cancer cells. Here, we investigated newly discovered HDAC inhibitors, thailandepsin A (TDP-A) and thailandepsin B (TDP-B), to determine the effects on cell viability, apoptosis and DNA damage response in ovarian cancer cells. Methods FK228, TDP-A and TDP-B were tested in five ovarian cancer cell lines. Cellular viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Immunofluorescence assays were used to assess activated caspase 3. Western blots were performed to detect protein expression of PARP cleavage, pH2AX, P-glycoprotein and tubulin acetylation. Results Treatment with TDPs decreased cell viability at nanonomolar concentrations in four of the five ovarian cancer cell lines studied. Similar to FK228, both TDP compounds exerted minimal effects on NCI/ADR-RES ovarian cancer cells. Across the four cell lines sensitive to the TDPs, TDP-B consistently had a greater inhibitory effect than TDP-A on cell viability. TDP-B also had relatively greater effects on promoting cell apoptosis and induction of pH2AX (a mark of DNA damage response), than TDP-A. These antitumor effects of TDP-B were of similar magnitude to those induced by an equal concentration of FK228. Similar to FK228, the nanomolar concentrations of the TDPs had little effect on tubulin acetylation (a mark of class II HDAC6 inhibition). Conclusions The new small molecule HDAC inhibitors TDP-A and TDP-B are FK228 analogues that suppress cell viability and induce apoptosis at nanomolar drug concentrations. TDP-B showed the most similarity to the biological activity of FK228 with greater cytotoxic effects than TDP-A in vitro. Our results indicate that FK228-like small molecule class I HDAC-biased HDAC inhibitors have therapeutic potential for ovarian cancer.
<i>Science Translational Medicine</i> Podcast: 7 July 2010 (2010)

A conversation with Samuel Broder about early discoveries in HIV-1/AIDS research and strategies for successful translational research in the future.
The diagnosis and treatment of genital human papillomavirus lesions. (1990)

A gynecologist in solo practice reviewed three years of experience in the diagnosis and treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV). Infected women were asked to have their sexual partners diagnosed and treated. One hundred nineteen women and 57 men were examined. This article describes common HPV lesion types and examination methods for both sexes. Magnification and use of dilute acetic acid are emphasized. The most common treatments and the pros and cons of various therapeutic methods are discussed. The results of treatments with podophyllin, trichloroacetic acid, electrodesiccation, cryosurgery, CO2 laser, topical 5-fluorouracil and combinations of these also are presented. The sexual partner co-treatment is explained, and the author summarizes his choice of treatment.
Julien Savary. Les multinationales françaises Bernard Lietaer. Le grand jeu Europe-Amérique latine (1982)

Berg Eugène. Julien Savary. Les multinationales françaises Bernard Lietaer. Le grand jeu Europe-Amérique latine. In: Politique étrangère, n°2 - 1982 - 47ᵉannée. pp. 488-490.
Timing and area optimization for standard-cell VLSI circuit design (1995)

A standard cell library typically contains several versions of any given gate type, each of which has a different gate size. We consider the problem of choosing optimal gate sizes from the library to minimize a cost function (such as total circuit area) while meeting the timing constraints imposed on the circuit. After presenting an efficient algorithm for combinational circuits, we examine the problem of minimizing the area of a synchronous sequential circuit for a given clock period specification. This is done by appropriately selecting a size for each gate in the circuit from a standard-cell library, and by adjusting the delays between the central clock distribution node and individual flip-flops. Experimental results show that by formulating gate size selection together with the clock skew optimization as a single optimization problem, it is not only possible to reduce the optimized circuit area, but also to achieve faster clocking frequencies. Finally, we address the problem of making this work applicable to very large synchronous sequential circuits by partitioning these circuits to reduce the computational complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Career and technical education in the United States (2006)

The article discusses the current efforts to help students complete the secondary-level Career and Technical Education (CTE) programs in the United States. The prominent and integral role that CTEs can play in developing and supporting pathways to postsecondary credentials is highlighted.
Histological analysis of CD11c-DTR/GFP mice after <i>in vivo</i> depletion of dendritic cells (2005)

To investigate the dependence of individual immunological processes on DC, a transgenic mouse system (CD11c-DTR/GFP mice) has been developed that allows conditional depletion of CD11c+ DC in vivo through administration of diphtheria toxin. We have performed careful histological analysis of CD11c-DTR/GFP mice at different time points after diphtheria toxin injection and confirmed the transient depletion of CD11c+ cells from lymph nodes and spleen. Unexpectedly, the injection of diphtheria toxin completely depleted marginal zone and metallophilic M(Phi) from the spleen and their sinusoidal counterparts from the lymph nodes. This finding limits the use of CD11c-DTR/GFP mice for the analysis of the role of DC to models and read outs that are proven to be independent of marginal zone and sinusoidal M(Phi).
Performance Analysis of the OGSA-DAI Software (2004)

This paper describes the experiences of the OGSA-DAI team in profiling and benchmarking components of the OGSA-DAI database access middleware built using the Open Grid Services Infrastructure and the emerging Database Access and Integration Services Global Grid Forum recommendations. The profiling approach and the tools used are described. A number of areas of concern are then analysed in detail. In particular, the analysis focuses on running database queries, creating Document Object Model objects, utilising Globus Toolkit Grid Security Infrastructure mechanisms, validating XML against XML Schema and inter-dependencies between third-party software used within OGSA-DAI.
Z Guide for Beginners (1993)

Introduction - why formal? elements of Z logic sets data models schemas as types schemas for operations more about data models abstract data types, promotion and generics the schema calculus.
Feature Cross-Substitution in Adversarial Classification (2014)

The success of machine learning, particularly in supervised settings, has led to numerous attempts to apply it in adversarial settings such as spam and malware detection. The core challenge in this class of applications is that adversaries are not static data generators, but make a deliberate effort to evade the classifiers de-ployed to detect them. We investigate both the problem of modeling the objectives of such adversaries, as well as the algorithmic problem of accounting for rational, objective-driven adversaries. In particular, we demonstrate severe shortcomings of feature reduction in adversarial settings using several natural adversarial objec-tive functions, an observation that is particularly pronounced when the adversary is able to substitute across similar features (for example, replace words with syn-onyms or replace letters in words). We offer a simple heuristic method for mak-ing learning more robust to feature cross-substitution attacks. We then present a more general approach based on mixed-integer linear programming with con-straint generation, which implicitly trades off overfitting and feature selection in an adversarial setting using a sparse regularizer along with an evasion model. Our approach is the first method for combining an adversarial classification algorithm with a very general class of models of adversarial classifier evasion. We show that our algorithmic approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art alternatives. 1
Irradiated cultured apoptotic peripheral blood mononuclear cells regenerate infarcted myocardium (2009)

These data indicate that infusion of IA-PBMC cell suspension in experimental AMI circumvented inflammation, caused preferential homing of regenerative EPC and replaced infarcted myocardium.
Graphene‐based composite materials with high dielectric permittivity via an <i>in situ</i> reduction method (2010)

Abstract Novel nanocomposites with graphene as conductive filler have been prepared through simple ultrasonic exfoliation of graphite oxide (GO) and subsequent in situ reduction approach. The graphene oxide and graphene nanosheets were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The composite materials with graphene as conductive filler exhibited a low value of the percolation threshold (4.08 vol.%). It has been observed that the maximum dielectric permittivity of the composite film with 12.5 vol.% of graphene fillers achieved 2080 at 1000 Hz.