gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An experimental study on passive charge balancing (2009)

Abstract. This paper presents a simplified analysis of the electrode potential upon mismatched, biphasic stimulation using passive discharge techniques, e.g. by shortening of the electrodes. It turns out that especially for microelectrodes the required shorting intervals become as large as to limit a feasible stimulation interval. If no blocking capacitors can be used due to limited space and the degree of miniaturisation, the passive discharge even imposes severe risks to the surrounding tissue and the electrode.
SARS-CoV-2, the other face to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV: Future predictions (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is proving to be an unprecedented disaster that lays its dark shadow on global health, economics and personal freedom. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics provide scientific data that is useful in better understanding and resolution of COVID-19. Similarities among SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have been investigated in the light of available data. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 evolved in bats and have positive-sense RNA genomes of 27.9 kb, 30.1 kb and 29.9 kb, respectively. Molecular and serological tools used for diagnosis of SARS and MERS patients resemble COVID-19 diagnostic tools. Stability and longevity data of SARS and MERS epidemics contribute in the current pandemic precaution policies. Trials to produce vaccines for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV failed, therefore different strategies were employed for SARS-CoV2 vaccines production and during the past period antiviral agents, Convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies provide potential treatments for sever patients. The mortality rate caused by the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV reached 15% and 37%, respectively. The first declarations about mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 was around 2-4% but now this rate differed globally and reached more than 13% in some countries. A realistic COVID-19 outbreak scenario suggest that the pandemic might last for three years with fluctuation in the number of infected cases, unless vaccination process goes faster and/or antiviral drug is discovered.
Nonlinear control of an autonomous unicycle robot: practical issues (1992)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992.
Cardiac Cells Implanted within the Outer Aortic Wall of Rats Generate Measurable Contractile Force (2005)

The results show for the first time that cardiomyocytes engrafted into the foreign environment of an extracardiac vascular structure can be paced and generate measurable intravascular pressure. This study may serve as a useful model for studying the growth and response of the grafted cardiomyocytes to various stimuli in an extra-cardiac environment in vivo.
Design of ultra high density and low power computational blocks using nano-magnets (2013)

All Spin Logic (ASL) employs multiple nano-magnets interacting through spin-torque using metallic interconnect. ASL gates, being magneto-metallic, can operate at ultra low terminal voltage of few millivolts, and hence can be exploited for low power computation. Since, nano-magnets can preserve their state upon withdrawal of supply voltage, ASL can be pipelined for higher performance, without insertion of extra latches. However, pipelining requires the use of clocked CMOS transistors, which significantly increase the required supply voltage. In this work we analyse the design of an 8-bit, pipelined ASL multiplier, integrated with CMOS clocking circuitry. We propose a design scheme for 3-D ASL, which involves stacking of multiple ASL layers that are clocked using the same CMOS transistors. Stacking of N ASL layers using the proposed scheme can enhance the power saving as well as area density by factor of N. The proposed design scheme for magneto-metallic computational blocks can achieve more than two order of magnitude higher density and 10x lower power consumption as compared to 15nm CMOS design.
Axonal-SMN (a-SMN), a protein isoform of the survival motor neuron gene, is specifically involved in axonogenesis (2007)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease of childhood due to loss of the telomeric survival motor neuron gene, SMN1. The general functions of the main SMN1 protein product, full-length SMN (FL-SMN), do not explain the selective motoneuronal loss of SMA. We identified axonal-SMN (a-SMN), an alternatively spliced SMN form, preferentially encoded by the SMN1 gene in humans. The a-SMN transcript and protein are down-regulated during early development in different tissues. In the spinal cord, the a-SMN protein is selectively expressed in motor neurons and mainly localized in axons. Forced expression of a-SMN stimulates motor neuron axonogenesis in a time-dependent fashion and induces axonal-like growth in non-neuronal cells. Exons 2b and 3 are essential for the axonogenic effects. This discovery indicates an unexpected complexity of the SMN gene system and may help in understanding the pathogenesis of SMA.
The effect of chromatic aberration on visual acuity (1967)

1. Differences of threshold contrast are predicted from optical theory for a grating acuity target in monochromatic and white light. The greatest differences, up to 65%, are predicted for gratings of lower contrast and pitch than those normally used in measurements of visual acuity.2. Using three subjects, we measured contrast thresholds with 1.5 and 2.5 mm diameter artificial pupils for natural and paralysed accommodation, using a tungsten lamp and wave-lengths of 546 and 578 mm.3. Excellent agreement is obtained between predicted and measured differences.4. Results confirm that observed acuity and sensitivity differences between white and monochromatic lights are largely optical in origin, but involve at least two independent colour mechanisms as spectral weighting functions. Stiles's pi(4) and pi(5) sensitivities afford a much better fit to observed differences than the C.I.E. visibility curve.
Film Formation Properties of Potato Starch Hydrolysates (2002)

Native and freeze-dried potato starch granules were partially hydrolysed to produce maltodextrins with dextrose equivalents (DE) 10, 15 and 20. Freeze-drying greatly improved the enzyme accessibility of the native granules. Film formation properties of the hydrolysates were examined. Films were prepared by water casting. Especially the maltodextrins, which were produced from the native starch, were very sticky materials and could not form any films. But after removing most of the soluble saccharides from the maltodextrins, good quality films were produced by dissolving the hydrolysate in water, casting on a Teflon mould and drying the solution.
TNF-  neutralization in cytokine-driven diseases: a mathematical model to account for therapeutic success in rheumatoid arthritis but therapeutic failure in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (2004)

These results may explain the effectiveness of TNF-alpha blockade in the equilibrium condition RA and the ineffectiveness in the non-equilibrium condition SIRS.
Tumor eradication and cell survival after localized hyperthermia induced by ultrasound. (1979)

This study was designed to test the effect of localized ultrasound-induced hyperthermia on experimental mouse tumors. Transducers operating at 5.17 MHz with relatively uniform output over an area 1 cm in diameter were used to heat EMT6 and KHJJ tumors in 407 BALB/cKa mice. Treatments were at 43, 43.5, 44, and 44.5 degrees. At each temperature level, treatments were applied for 15, 30, or 45 min. Temperature profiles measured in tumors treated by ultrasound hyperthermia indicated that heating was not completely uniform. In general, both rate of tumor eradication and growth delay increased as temperature and/or time of exposure increased. The EMT6 and KHJJ tumors had comparable rates of eradication for the same temperatures and times of exposure. Cell survival studies indicated that there was considerable variation in cell killing between individual EMT6 tumors exposed to the same hyperthermic dose. In addition, cell death appeared to be progressive over a period 2 to 48 hr after hyperthermic exposure. The mechanism of this delayed cell death is not known but may be important in eradicating the tumors. Ultrasound was a relatively safe and effective method of heating tumor volumes up to 44 degrees, and hyperthermia alone resulted in high rates of tumor eradication in the EMT6 and KHJJ systems.
Piezoelectric (PZ) Immunosensors and Their Applications (1991)

Abstract The recent development of piezoelectric immunosensors is reviewed. The selectivity provided by the biological coatings together with the inherent sensitivity of the PZ devices and the ability to oscillate the crystal in liquid medium have induced a rising interest in this class of sensors. Methods of coating and several applications are reported including microgravimetric immunoassays, microbial assays and gas phase immunosensors. Key Words: Piezoelectric CrystalsImmunosensorsRecent DevelopmentsBiosensors
Structural control for overlapping interconnected power systems (2005)

A structural control methodology is proposed for automatic generation control (AGC) of power systems with the multi-area overlapping interconnected information structure constraint. To derive the structural controllers preserving information structures of the system, restriction conditions of the inclusion principle are considered in the framework of topological structure for the original and its expanded systems. The application of the proposed controllers to a four-area overlapping interconnected power system AGC is presented to illustrate the performance of the new AGC design.
Consistent sex differences in cortisol responses to psychological stress. (1992)

In four independent studies, sex differences in cortisol responses to psychological stress were investigated in healthy adolescents and adults (total n = 153). Public speaking and mental arithmetic in front of an audience (Studies 1-3) reliably induced increases in free cortisol levels in both sexes with 2- to 4-fold increases above baseline levels. Mean cortisol responses were 1.5- to 2-fold higher in men compared with women. In Study 3, cortisol profiles were additionally investigated after human corticotropin-releasing hormone (h-CRH) and bicycle ergometry until exhaustion. Here, both sexes showed very similar adrenocortical responses. Furthermore, men showed elevated cortisol levels in anticipation of the psychological stress situation without actually having to perform the tasks (Study 4). Under this condition cortisol concentration was unchanged or decreased in women. From these data we conclude that the observed sex difference does not reflect an overall lower responsiveness of the female adrenal cortex. Although these studies do not provide conclusive data, we suggest sex differences in cognitive and/or emotional responses to distressing psychosocial situations which in turn may influence cortisol secretion.
Development of Dual-Acting Benzofurans for Thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> Receptor Antagonist and Prostacyclin Receptor Agonist:  Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationship, and Evaluation of Benzofuran Derivatives (2005)

Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is an unstable, powerful endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation, and thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) is an unstable endogenous arachidonic acid metabolite that plays a pivotal role in platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. The balance between TXA(2) and PGI(2) greatly affects maintenance of the homeostasis of the circulatory system. A novel series of benzofuran-7-yloxyacetic acid derivatives was discovered as potent dual-acting agents to block the thromboxane A(2) receptor and to activate the prostacyclin receptor. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and in vitro and ex vivo pharmacology of this series of compounds are described. The most potent in the series was {3-[2-(1,1-diphenylethylsulfanyl)ethyl]-2-hydroxymethylbenzofuran-7-yloxy}acetic acid diethanolamine salt (7) with K(i) of 4.5 nM for thromboxane receptor antagonism and K(i) of 530 nM for prostacyclin receptor agonism. Remarkably, compound 7 is a promising candidate for novel treatment as an antithrombotic agent with other cardiovascular actions to avoid hypotensive side effects.
Towards 5G software-defined ecosystems (2016)

Techno-economic drivers are creating the conditions for a radical change of paradigm in the design and operation of future telecommunications infrastructures. In fact, SDN, NFV, Cloud and Edge-Fog Computing are converging together into a single systemic transformation termed "Softwarization" that will find concrete exploitations in 5G systems. The IEEE SDN Initiative has elaborated a vision, an evolutionary path and some techno-economic scenarios of this transformation: specifically, the major technical challenges, business sustainability and policy issues have been investigated. This white paper presents: 1) an overview on the main techno-economic drivers steering the "Softwarization" of telecommunications; 2) an introduction to the Open Mobile Edge Cloud vision (covered in a companion white paper); 3) the main technical challenges in terms of operations, security and policy; 4) an analysis of the potential role of open source software; 5) some use case proposals for proof-of-concepts; and 6) a short description of the main socio-economic impacts being produced by "Softwarization". Along these directions, IEEE SDN is also developing of an open catalogue of software platforms, toolkits, and functionalities aiming at a step-by-step development and aggregation of test-beds/field-trials on SDN-NFV-5G. This will prepare the ground for developing new ICT ecosystems, thereby improving the quality of life and facilitating the development of the new digital economy
REACTIVE EXTRACTION OF SALICYLIC ACID AND D, L PHENYLALANINE IN A STIRRED CELL (1987)

Abstract Physical and reactive extractions of salicylic acid from the aqueous phase in a stirred cell were investigated theoretically and experimentally. A secondary amine, Amberlite LA 2, was used as the complexing agent for the acid Reactive extraction of phenylalanine from the aqueous phase was investigated in the same way. For this, a quaternary amine, TOMAC, was used in which the chlorine ion was exchanged by the phenylalanine anion Because of the instantaneous reaction in both cases, the mass transfer processes are diffusion-controlled. The concentration vs. time curves can be satisfactorily described by the two-film models. The reaction enhances the extraction considerably. KEYWORDS: Reactive extractionSalicylic acidAmino acidStirred cell Additional informationNotes on contributorsE. SCHLICHTING Present address: Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Mascheroder Weg 1, 3300 Braunschweig W. HALWACHS Present address: W.C Heraeus GmbH, Postfach 169, 6450 Hanau K. SCHÜGERL Offprint requests to K. Schügerl.
Thatch and Mat Management in an Established Creeping Bentgrass Golf Green (2007)

Thatch is a layer of partially decomposed organic matter between green shoot tissue and the soil surface, and mat is thatch partially intermixed with topsoil. Excessive thatch–mat layering (>2.54 cm) is generally detrimental to turfgrass management, and numerous techniques including various mechanical and topdressing regimes, have been attempted to reduce its severity. This factorial experiment investigated the effectiveness of combining mechanical–biological and topdressing treatments for controlling thatch–mat levels in an established USGA‐specified golf green planted with ‘A‐1’ creeping bentgrass [ Agrostis stoloniferous L. var. palustris (Huds.)]. Two levels of topdressing were used, and the mechanical–biological treatments included vertical mowing at two different depths and timings, core cultivation, grooming, a biological granular supplement (Thatch‐X), and combinations of core cultivation with grooming and/or vertical mowing. Differences among the mechanical–biological treatments were detected following 2 consecutive yearly applications. Thatch–mat depth (mm) was 12 to 15% greater for Thatch‐X and topdressing alone compared with other treatments. Organic matter content (g kg −1 ) increased 32% for the untreated and decreased 19% for core cultivation combined with vertical mowing and grooming, whereas all other treatments maintained pre‐study levels. Compared with the untreated, surface hardness was reduced ∼9% for all treatments using core cultivation, while water infiltration rates increased 127 to 168%. Vertical mowing treatments improved water infiltration rates by 40 to 65%. Turfgrass quality was not greatly impacted by the mechanical–biological treatments as ratings ranged from 8.4 to 10.0. However, mower scalping and dry spots contributed to unacceptable or only marginally acceptable turfgrass quality (6.4–7.2) for the untreated by the end of the study. Compared with topdressing alone, ball roll distance was decreased 6% by vertical mowing 7 days after treatment (DAT) and 5 to 8% by core cultivation up to 14 DAT. Sand topdressing alone was insufficient for managing thatch–mat levels in an established creeping bentgrass golf green.
The characterization of high electron mobility transistors using Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations and geometrical magnetoresistance measurements (1989)

Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations and geometrical magnetoresistance measurements are used to determine the two most important parameters, channel concentration and mobility, respectively, for high electron mobility transistors. To deduce useful data from measurements, the theory of the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillation for the two-dimensional electrons is derived and discussed in detail. The experimental data for the channel concentration as a function of gate voltage is used to check the accuracy of the charge-control law. We also derive a simple formula of the geometrical magnetoresistance to calculate the mobility for any aspect ratio. The concentration and mobility deduced from the Shubnikov–de Haas and geometrical magnetoresistance measurements give us insight on the nature and properties of the devices. The experimental data shows that the impurity scattering is the dominant mechanism for the low channel concentration. The maximum transconductance occurs at a compromise between the charge-control ability of the gate voltage and the channel mobility. Near the cutoff region the decrease of the conductivity is due to the decrease of both the channel concentration and the mobility.
A Continuous Flow Procedure for Reaction Kinetic Data Generation (1984)

ABSTRACT A procedure is developed for the determination of reaction kinetic parameters of constituents in fluid foods during continuous flow Time/temperature data are generated for the continuous flow reactor by varying initial temperature, heating media temperature and/or flow rates. Each time/temperature relationship is introduced into the Arrhenius equation and integrated by time through the heat exchanger. For each heating curve relationship one equivalent steady‐state time and temperature is calculated. Rate constants are determined for reaction changes by monitoring the initial and final concentration or level of a constituent. Varying conditions yield multiple rate constants and establish a description of the kinetics of the reaction during actual processing at the desired temperature range and in the desired fluid.
Evaluation of dielectric behavior by time domain spectroscopy. I. Dielectric response by real time analysis (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of dielectric behavior by time domain spectroscopy. I. Dielectric response by real time analysisRobert H. ColeCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1975, 79, 14, 1459–1469Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/j100581a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Effect of Estradiol and Progesterone on Metabolic Biomarkers in Healthy Bitches (2012)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between hormonal changes that occur during oestrus and biomarkers related with glucose metabolism (glucose and insulin), lipid metabolism (lipidic profile and BChE) and adipokines (adiponectin and ghrelin) in healthy bitches. For this purpose, we measured these analytes in serum of bitches, at two times: before (T1) and after (T2) the LH peak that were established according to progesterone concentrations. Increased levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.01), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.01), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.01), adiponectin (p < 0.01) and ghrelin (p < 0.05) were observed at T2 in comparison with T1. No statistically significant changes were observed in serum glucose, insulin, homoeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity (HOMA), triglycerides and BChE. When all data of T1 and T2 were pooled, serum adiponectin showed positive correlation with progesterone (r = 0.353; p = 0.022) and HDL-C (r = 0.307; p = 0.048), and negative with insulin (r = -0.429; p = 0.005), HOMA (r = -0.446; p = 0.003) and BChE (r = -0.522; p < 0.001). Ghrelin showed negative correlation with estradiol (r = -0.701; p = 0.004). BChE was negatively correlated with estradiol (r = -0.441; p = 0.018) and glucose (r = -0.343; p = 0.028), and positively with insulin (r = 0.460; p = 0.003) and HOMA (r = 0.505; p < 0.001). In conclusion, changes in metabolic biomarkers occur in bitches after LH peak, characterized by increased lipids (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol) without changes in BChE activity, and increased adiponectin and ghrelin concentrations, without significant changes in glucose and insulin.
Pro-α2(V) Collagen Gene; Pairwise Analysis of the Amino-Propeptide Coding Domain, and Cross-Species Comparison of the Promoter Sequence (1993)

Type V collagen is a minor represented and poorly characterized fibrillar collagen type. Previous cDNA cloning experiments showed that the amino-propeptide of the pro-alpha 2(V) chain shares structural features in common with pro-alpha 1(I), pro alpha 1(II) and pro-alpha 1(III) collagens. In the present paper, this analysis was extended to the gene level. Accordingly the exon/intron arrangement of the amino-propeptide coding domain was compared among pro-alpha 1(I) (COL1A1), pro alpha 1(II) (COL2A1), pro-alpha 1(III) (CO13A1) and pro-alpha 2(V) (COL5A2) collagen genes. This revealed that COL3A1 is the most closely related gene to COL5A2. Based on the assumption that critical regulatory elements might be phylogenetically conserved, we also compared the promoter sequences of the mouse and human COL5A2 genes. This revealed the highest level of sequence homology (97%) in a 52-bp segment which was previously shown to be essential in conferring cell type specificity to the human promoter.