gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CHICAGO NEUROLOGICAL SOCIETY (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Functional Properties of ES Cell–Derived Neurons Engrafted into the Hippocampus of Adult Normal and Chronically Epileptic Rats (2005)

After transplantation into adult control and epileptic rats, ESNs displayed intrinsic and synaptic properties characteristic of neurons. Even though ESNs remained close to the transplant site, the formation of extensive networks of graft-derived processes may be useful for ES cell-based substance delivery.
Preparing for Preventive Clinical Trials (2006)

The documentation of biological and refined clinical markers suggests several clinical end points for preventive clinical trials. Longitudinal study is critical to further validate possible markers for prediagnosed HD.
Neutrophil adhesion and chemotaxis depend on substrate mechanics (2010)

Neutrophil adhesion to the vasculature and chemotaxis within tissues play critical roles in the inflammatory response to injury and pathogens. Unregulated neutrophil activity has been implicated in the progression of numerous chronic and acute diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and sepsis. Cell migration of anchorage-dependent cells is known to depend on both chemical and mechanical interactions. Although neutrophil responses to chemical cues have been well characterized, little is known about the effect of underlying tissue mechanics on neutrophil adhesion and migration. To address this question, we quantified neutrophil migration and traction stresses on compliant hydrogel substrates with varying elasticity in a micro-machined gradient chamber in which we could apply either a uniform concentration or a precise gradient of the bacterial chemoattractant fMLP. Neutrophils spread more extensively on substrates of greater stiffness. In addition, increasing the stiffness of the substrate leads to a significant increase in the chemotactic index for each fMLP gradient tested. As the substrate becomes stiffer, neutrophils generate higher traction forces without significant changes in cell speed. These forces are often displayed in pairs and focused in the uropod. Increases in the mean fMLP concentration beyond the K(D) of the receptor lead to a decrease in chemotactic index on all surfaces. Blocking with an antibody against beta(2)-integrins leads to a significant reduction but not an elimination of directed motility on stiff materials, but no change in motility on soft materials, suggesting neutrophils can display both integrin-dependent and integrin-independent motility. These findings are critical for understanding how neutrophil migration may change in different mechanical environments in vivo and can be used to guide the design of migration inhibitors that more efficiently target inflammation.
A Stereoselective Synthesis of (2<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>)-<i>N</i>-Benzoylphenylisoserine Methyl Ester (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Stereoselective Synthesis of (2R,3S)-N-Benzoylphenylisoserine Methyl EsterGiuliana Cardillo, Luca Gentilucci, Alessandra Tolomelli, and Claudia TomasiniView Author Information Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" and C.S.F.M., Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7, 2351–2353Publication Date (Web):March 19, 1998Publication History Received30 July 1997Published online19 March 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9714066https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9714066brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1220Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Mixtures,Molecules,Organic compounds,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Animal models of post-traumatic stress disorder and recent neurobiological insights (2014)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by the intrusive re-experiencing of past trauma, avoidant behavior, enhanced fear, and hyperarousal following a traumatic event in vulnerable populations. Preclinical animal models do not replicate the human condition in its entirety, but seek to mimic symptoms or endophenotypes associated with PTSD. Although many models of traumatic stress exist, few adequately capture the complex nature of the disorder and the observed individual variability in susceptibility of humans to PTSD. In addition, various types of stressors may produce different molecular neuroadaptations that likely contribute to the various behavioral disruptions produced by each model, although certain consistent neurobiological themes related to PTSD have emerged. For example, animal models report traumatic stress-induced and trauma reminder-induced alterations in neuronal activity in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, in agreement with the human PTSD literature. Models have also provided a conceptual framework for the often-observed combination of PTSD and comorbid conditions such as alcohol use disorder. Future studies will continue to refine preclinical PTSD models in hope of capitalizing on their potential to deliver new and more efficacious treatments for PTSD and associated psychiatric disorders.
Vaccination of Mice with Salmonella Expressing VapA: Mucosal and Systemic Th1 Responses Provide Protection against Rhodococcus equi Infection (2010)

Conventional vaccines to prevent the pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi have not been successful. We have recently demonstrated that immunization with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium expressing the VapA antigen protects mice against R. equi infection. We now report that oral vaccination of mice with this recombinant strain results in high and persistent fecal levels of antigen-specific IgA, and specific proliferation of the spleen cells of immunized mice in response to the in vitro stimulation with R. equi antigen. After in vitro stimulation, spleen cells of immunized mice produce high levels of Th1 cytokines and show a prominent mRNA expression of the Th1 transcription factor T-bet, in detriment of the Th2 transcription factor GATA-3. Following R. equi challenge, a high H2O2, NO, IL-12, and IFN-gamma content is detected in the organs of immunized mice. On the other hand, TNF-alpha and IL-4 levels are markedly lower in the organs of vaccinated mice, compared with the non-vaccinated ones. The IL-10 content and the mRNA transcription level of TGF-beta are also higher in the organs of immunized mice. A greater incidence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and B lymphocytes is verified in vaccinated mice. However, there is no difference between vaccinated and non-vaccinated mice in terms of the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells. Finally, we show that the vaccination confers a long-term protection against R. equi infection. Altogether, these data indicate that the oral vaccination of mice with S. enterica Typhimurium expressing VapA induces specific and long-lasting humoral and cellular responses against the pathogen, which are appropriately regulated and allow tissue integrity after challenge.
Caspase-1 and -3 are sequentially activated in motor neuron death in Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase-mediated familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2000)

Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked mutations in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase cause motor neuron death through one or more acquired toxic properties. An early event in the mechanism of toxicity from such mutants is now demonstrated to be activation of caspase-1. Neuronal death, however, follows only after months of chronic caspase-1 activation concomitantly with activation of the executioner caspase-3 as the final step in the toxic cascade. Thus, a common toxicity of mutant SOD1 is a sequential activation of at least two caspases, caspase-1 that acts slowly as a chronic initiator and caspase-3 acting as the final effector of cell death.
Countering Malicious Processes with Process-DNS Association (2019)

Modern malware and cyber attacks depend heavily on DNS services to make their campaigns reliable and difficult to track. Monitoring network DNS activities and blocking suspicious domains have been proven an effective technique in countering such attacks. However, recent successful campaigns reveal that attackers adapt by using seemingly benign domains and public web storage services to hide malicious activity. Also, the recent support for encrypted DNS queries provides attacker easier means to hide malicious traffic from network-based DNS monitoring.
Practical synthesis of an amphiphilic, non-ionic poly(para-phenyleneethynylene) derivative with a remarkable quantum yield in water (2005)

Aggregation of poly(para-phenyleneethynylene)s is efficiently suppressed by introduction of branched oligoethyleneglycol side chains rendering the polymer backbone, which is readily obtained using an A2 + BB' polycondensation protocol, soluble and highly emissive in aqueous environments.
A History of Byzantine Civilization. By H. W. Haussig, trans, by J. M. Hussey. Pp. 448 + 169 illustrations. London: Thames & Hudson, 1971. £6.30. (1972)

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Diffusion of indium in silicon inert and oxidizing ambients (1982)

The diffusion of indium in silicon at 1000 °C has been measured in inert (dry nitrogen) and oxidizing (dry oxygen) ambients. It was found that, similarly to phosphorous, boron, and arsenic, indium experiences significant oxidation-enhanced diffusion. This result indicates that indium, like the other elements mentioned above, diffuses in silicon by a mixed interstitialcy and vacancy mechanism. It was also found that indium, similarly to gallium, segregates readily and diffuses rapidly in thermal silicon dioxide.
TITAN: inference of copy number architectures in clonal cell populations from tumor whole-genome sequence data (2014)

The evolution of cancer genomes within a single tumor creates mixed cell populations with divergent somatic mutational landscapes. Inference of tumor subpopulations has been disproportionately focused on the assessment of somatic point mutations, whereas computational methods targeting evolutionary dynamics of copy number alterations (CNA) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in whole-genome sequencing data remain underdeveloped. We present a novel probabilistic model, TITAN, to infer CNA and LOH events while accounting for mixtures of cell populations, thereby estimating the proportion of cells harboring each event. We evaluate TITAN on idealized mixtures, simulating clonal populations from whole-genome sequences taken from genomically heterogeneous ovarian tumor sites collected from the same patient. In addition, we show in 23 whole genomes of breast tumors that the inference of CNA and LOH using TITAN critically informs population structure and the nature of the evolving cancer genome. Finally, we experimentally validated subclonal predictions using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and single-cell sequencing from an ovarian cancer patient sample, thereby recapitulating the key modeling assumptions of TITAN.
Synthese von enantiomerenreinen ‘Grasshopper’‐Ketonen und verwandten Verbindungen (1990)

Synthesis of Optically Pure Grasshopper Ketone and of Its Diastereoisomers and Related Compounds Starting from our previously described synthon 1 , the synthesis of four enantiomerically pure grasshopper ketons (diastereoisomeric 4‐(2′,4′‐dihydroxy‐2′,6′,6′‐trimethylcyclohexylidene)but‐3‐en‐2‐ons) and of their oxo derivatives was performed. Spectral and chiroptical data are presented.
Noise Characterization of Coil Detection Type Magnetic Field Sensor Utilizing Pulse Excitation Amorphous Wire Magneto-Impedance Element (2010)

In this experiment, we investigated noise characteristics of a pulse magneto-impedance sensor which is based on an amorphous magnetic wire with a pickup coil. For a helical static magnetization, the ac current i passing the wire induces a coil voltage Vc in the coil around the wire. The pulsed excitation, combining both high and low frequency harmonic, produces the voltage Vc with dc current biasing. We describe improvements of pulse excitation conditions for an amorphous magnetic wire to reduce magnetic noises. The relation between the time interval of a current pulse train T and magnetic noises was investigated. The magnetic noise is suppressed clearly when T is smaller than 1.5 μs for pulse width 10 ns. Under the optimal conditions, the rms noise of 1-cm-long an amorphous wire magneto-impedance sensor with 600 turns of the pickup was estimated as 1pT/Hz1/2M at 20 Hz∼500 Hz.
<i>In situ</i>characterization of vertically oriented carbon nanofibers for three-dimensional nano-electro-mechanical device applications (2010)

We have performed mechanical and electrical characterization of individual as-grown, vertically oriented carbon nanofibers (CNFs) using in situ techniques, where such high-aspect-ratio, nanoscale structures are of interest for three-dimensional (3D) electronics, in particular 3D nano-electro-mechanical-systems (NEMS). Nanoindentation and uniaxial compression tests conducted in an in situ nanomechanical instrument, SEMentor, suggest that the CNFs undergo severe bending prior to fracture, which always occurs close to the bottom rather than at the substrate-tube interface, suggesting that the CNFs are well adhered to the substrate. This is also consistent with bending tests on individual tubes which indicated that bending angles as large as approximately 70 degrees could be accommodated elastically. In situ electrical transport measurements revealed that the CNFs grown on refractory metallic nitride buffer layers were conducting via the sidewalls, whereas those synthesized directly on Si were electrically unsuitable for low-voltage dc NEMS applications. Electrostatic actuation was also demonstrated with a nanoprobe in close proximity to a single CNF and suggests that such structures are attractive for nonvolatile memory applications. Since the magnitude of the actuation voltage is intimately dictated by the physical characteristics of the CNFs, such as diameter and length, we also addressed the ability to tune these parameters, to some extent, by adjusting the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition growth parameters with this bottom-up synthesis approach.
Intrathecal Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Delivery for Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (2015)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disease resulting from deficiency of the enzyme α-L-iduronidase (IDUA). Accumulation of the IDUA substrates heparan and dermatan sulfate causes widespread organ pathology. While many of the somatic manifestations of MPS I can be treated with intravenous enzyme replacement, the devastating CNS sequelae—cognitive impairment, spinal cord compression, and hydrocephalus—do not respond to treatment. Partial preservation of cognitive function is possible with early hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, although transplant is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Gene transfer using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors offers a potential alternative approach to deliver the IDUA enzyme to the CNS. Introducing a functional IDUA gene to a subset of quiescent cells could provide a permanent source of secreted enzyme beyond the blood-brain barrier. However, preclinical studies evaluating direct injection of AAV vectors into the brain have shown that transduction is limited to small regions surrounding the injection site, and that injection can be associated with a localized inflammatory response and immune-mediated killing of transduced cells. In order to overcome these limitations, we evaluated delivery of an AAV serotype 9 vector into the cerebrospinal fluid as a less invasive method to achieve widespread brain transduction. Studies in nonhuman primates demonstrated that intrathecal AAV9 delivery results in transduction of cells throughout the brain and spinal cord without eliciting destructive immune responses to the transgene product. Intrathecal injection of AAV9 vectors expressing IDUA in canine and feline models of MPS I replicated the widespread transduction observed in primate studies, and demonstrated resolution of storage lesions throughout the CNS. Antibodies against the enzyme were detected in the CSF of some animals, which coincided with lower CSF IDUA activity and less efficient correction of storage lesions. We found that immunological tolerance could be induced to IDUA by exposing newborn MPS I dogs to the enzyme, which enhanced the efficacy of subsequent gene transfer. These results were replicated in rhesus macaques, supporting the potential to translate neonatal tolerance induction to clinical applications. Intrathecal AAV delivery offers the potential for widespread gene transfer in the CNS with a single minimally invasive vector injection, which could prove transformative for the field of gene therapy for inherited neurological disorders.
Localization of trkB mRNA in postnatal brain development (1993)

We investigated the localization of trkB mRNA, which encodes a putative component of high-affinity brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or the neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) receptor, in the postnatal rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry. At birth, trkB mRNA was strongly expressed in various regions with the thalamus and cerebral cortex showing the strongest expression. As the rat grows, expression generally persisted or declined in most regions with the exception of the hippocampus where trkB mRNA expression increased during postnatal development. In the adult brain, trkB mRNA was detected in the olfactory system, cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, amygdala, and cerebellar cortex. These findings, together with the developmental profiles of BDNF and NT-3 mRNA expressions, suggest that trkB product (gp145trkB) mainly transduces NT-3 signals early in the postnatal period, and BDNF signals later in the period.
Induction of activating mutations in the human c‐Ha‐<i>ras</i>‐1 proto‐oncogene by oxygen free radicals (1994)

The mutagenicity of oxygen free radicals was studied in a forward mutation system. pEC plasmid containing the human c-Ha-ras-1 proto-oncogene was reacted with oxygen free radicals generated by Cu2+ and H2O2 and was then transfected into NIH/3T3 cells. Transformed foci were observed with oxygen free radical-modified DNA but not with unmodified DNA. The mutations responsible for the Ha-ras-1 gene activation in 11 transformed foci were characterized. G-->T mutations at the second base of codon 12 were found in two transformed foci, A-->T transversions at the second base of codon 61 in five foci, and G-->T mutations at the third position of codon 61 in four transformed foci. These observed mutations are identical to those commonly found in human skin carcinomas, suggesting that reactive oxygen species may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of these tumors. Interestingly, a significant proportion of mutations was found at the second and third base of codon 61 (CAG). In a previous study, the same oxygen free radical-generating system was found to cause an intrastrand cross-link between adjacent purine nucleotides at AG sites in DNA (Carmichael et al., Carcinogenesis 13:1127-1135, 1992). These data demonstrate that oxygen radicals can induce DNA damage that can result in a specific activation of a human proto-oncogene.
Traitmill™: a functional genomics platform for the phenotypic analysis of cereals (2006)

The improvement of quality and quantitative traits in industrial crops is among the most important goals in plant breeding. Many traits of interest are controlled by multiple genes and improvements have so far only been obtained through conventional breeding. The use of biotechnological tools to modify quantitative traits is highly challenging. CropDesign has developed TraitMill™, an automated plant evaluation platform allowing high-throughput testing of the effect of plant-based transgenes on agronomically valuable traits in crop plants. The focus of the platform is currently on rice, a good model for other important cereals such as maize and wheat. TraitMill™ offers a high-throughput prediction of gene function. Genes of validated function that confer trait improvement can then be transferred to other cereal crop species such as maize, but also to dicots, trees and ornamentals. TraitMill™ involves the following key components: (i) selection of candidate trait improvement genes among genes involved in signal transduction, cell cycle control, transcription, nutrient metabolism, etc.; (ii) a suite of validated constitutive or tissue-specific promoters from rice allowing for the selection of the most appropriate promoter–gene combination in view of the desired trait improvement; (iii) an industrialized plant transformation system generating tens of thousands of transgenic plants annually; and (iv) a robotized trait evaluation set-up for plant evaluation, proprietary image analysis software for measuring plant performance parameters and statistical analysis of results.
Text Simplification Using Consumer Health Vocabulary to Generate Patient-Centered Radiology Reporting: Translation and Evaluation (2017)

The CHV covered a high percentage of concepts found in the radiology reports, but unmapped concepts are associated with areas that are commonly found in radiology reporting. CHV terms also showed a high percentage of lexical similarity with terms in the reports, which contain a myriad of medical jargon. This suggests that many CHV terms might not be suitable for lay consumers who would not be facile with radiology-specific vocabulary. Therefore, further patient-centered content changes are needed of the CHV to increase its usefulness and facilitate its integration into consumer-oriented applications.