gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast all-optical pattern matching using differential spin excitation and its application to bypass/drop self-routing for asynchronous optical packets (2006)

This paper presents a novel scheme for ultrafast all-optical pattern matching using the differential spin excitation in semiconductor multiple quantum wells (MQWs). In a demonstration of an all-optical pattern matching between two 100-Gb/s 16-bit optical packets, the contrast ratio of the photodiode (PD) output from the pattern matcher, between the pattern matched and the pattern-unmatched cases, was more than four for packets with a 2-dB power fluctuation. As an application of the pattern matcher to optical-packet-switched ring networks, bypass/drop self-routing is demonstrated for asynchronous 100-Gb/s 32-bit optical packets with 8-bit labels. In the experiment, a label of an incoming packet was compared to a local address (LA) given to a node in the optical domain. By changing the pattern of the LA packet instead of that of the incoming packet, the pattern matching was carried out for packets with various kinds of patterns. The contrast ratio of the PD output was more than six for all patterns.
혈액투석중 발생하는 저혈압과 순환 혈액량 변화 및 혈장 Mitric Oxide의 변화 (2000)

Background: Dialysis-induced hypotension is one of the most frequent acute complications during hemodialysis. It has been suggested that the inflammatory cytokines interlukin-1 and tumor necrosis factors mediate this hypotension through production of vasodilating nitric oxide. The vasodilating actions of these cytokines are also mediated by the nitric oxide in the vascular smooth muscle cells. It is also hypothesized that the blood volume changes independent of nitric oxide play an important role in intradialytic hypotension so that present study was undertaken to determine the relationship of blood volume and nitric oxide level to the intradialytic hypotensive episodes. Methods: The changes of the blood volume and the plasma level of nitrite and nitrate, the metabolic products of nitric oxide, were measured. Patients who did(hypotensive group, n=6) and did not have hypotensive episodes(normotensive group, n=13) during hemodialysis sessions were included. Hypotensive episodes during dialysis were defined as drop of systolic blood pressure <90mmHg or mean arterial pressure <75mmHg. The blood volume change was measured by using continuous monitor(Crit-Line: In-Line Diagnostics, UT, USA) and the plasma nitrite and nitrate level were measured using a nitrate/nitrite assay kit(Cayman Chemical Company, MI, USA). Results: The maximal mean arterial pressure change was 51.8±11.9mmHg in the hypotensive group and 5.0±11.7mmHg in the normotensive group(p<0.05). The maximal blood volume change was 18.9±4.0% in the hypotensive group and 9.2±3.2% in the normotensive group(p<0.05). In the hypotensive group and the normotensive group, the nitrite and nitrate levels at the beginning of hemodialysis, 2 hours after the initiation of hemodialysis and at the end of hemodialysis were 480.6±287.1μmoL/L vs. 600.6±
335.5μmoL/L, 268.2±129.7μmoL/L vs. 479.2±470.6μmoL/L, 204.9±58.2μmoL/L vs. 268.7±137.5μmoL/L respectively and there were no significant differences between the two groups at each measurement time(p>0.05). It was observed in both groups that the serum nitrite/nitrate level dropped significantly at the end of dialysis(p<0.05). The volume of ultrafiltration, ultrafiltration rate, serum calcium levels, hematocrit, serum albumin levels and the amount of hepariri used were not different between the two groups. Conclusion: Although it has been proposed that dialysis-induced hypotension is mediated by production of cytokine-induced nitric oxide in vascular smooth muscle cells, the nitrite/ nitrate level in plasma decreased in both groups of the patients who did or did not have hypotensive episodes during hemodialysis in present study. However, the blood volume was markedly decreased in patients who had hypotensive episodes. This suggests that the blood change rather than the plasma nitric oxide level during hemodialysis contributes to dialysisinduced hypotension.
Near-precise interchromosomal recombination and functional DNA topoisomerase II cleavage sites at <i>MLL</i> and <i>AF-4</i> genomic breakpoints in treatment-related acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(4;11) translocation (2001)

We analyzed the der(11) and der(4) genomic breakpoint junctions of a t(4;11) in the leukemia of a patient previously administered etoposide and dactinomycin by molecular and biochemical approaches to gain insights about the translocation mechanism and the relevant drug exposure. The genomic breakpoint junctions were amplified by PCR. Cleavage of DNA substrates containing the normal homologues of the MLL and AF-4 translocation breakpoints was examined in vitro upon incubation with human DNA topoisomerase IIalpha and etoposide, etoposide catechol, etoposide quinone, or dactinomycin. The der(11) and der(4) genomic breakpoint junctions both involved MLL intron 6 and AF-4 intron 3. Recombination was precise at the sequence level except for the overall gain of a single templated nucleotide. The translocation breakpoints in MLL and AF-4 were DNA topoisomerase II cleavage sites. Etoposide and its metabolites, but not dactinomycin, enhanced cleavage at these sites. Assuming that DNA topoisomerase II was the mediator of the breakage, processing of the staggered nicks induced by DNA topoisomerase II, including exonucleolytic deletion and template-directed polymerization, would have been required before ligation of the ends to generate the observed genomic breakpoint junctions. These data are inconsistent with a translocation mechanism involving interchromosomal recombination by simple exchange of DNA topoisomerase II subunits and DNA-strand transfer; however, consistent with reciprocal DNA topoisomerase II cleavage events in MLL and AF-4 in which both breaks became stable, the DNA ends were processed and underwent ligation. Etoposide and/or its metabolites, but not dactinomycin, likely were the relevant exposures in this patient.
The burden of age-related macular degeneration: a value-based medicine analysis. (2005)

ARMD is a major public health problem that has a devastating effect upon patients and marked adverse financial consequences for the economy.
Low-complexity iterative QRD-M detection algorithm for V-BLAST systems (2007)

A computationally efficient V-BLAST detection scheme on Rayleigh flat-fading channels is proposed. The proposed scheme provides a near-ML performance with significantly reduced complexity as compared to other well-known detection techniques. Moreover, the reduced complexity is independent of signal-to-noise ratio, which is a big practical advantage.
Time-Location-Relationship Combined Service Recommendation Based on Taxi Trajectory Data (2017)

Recently, urban traffic management has encountered a paradoxical situation which is the empty carrying phenomenon for taxi drivers and the difficulty of taking a taxi for passengers. In this paper, through analyzing the quantitative relationship between passengers' getting on and off taxis, we propose a time-location-relationship (TLR) combined taxi service recommendation model to improve taxi drivers' profits, uncover the knowledge of human mobility patterns, and enhance passengers' travel experience. Moreover, the TLR model uses Gaussian process regression and statistical approaches to acquire passenger volume, mean trip distance, and average trip time in functional regions during every period on weekdays and weekends, and allows drivers to pick up more passengers within a short time frame. Finally, we compare our proposed model with the autoregressive integrated moving average model, the back-propagation neural network model, the support vector machine model, and the gradient boost decision tree model by using the real taxi GPS data in Beijing. The experimental results show that our optimizing taxi service recommendation can predict more accurately than others by considering the 3-D properties.
Connexin 43 Channels Protect Osteocytes Against Oxidative Stress–Induced Cell Death (2013)

The increased osteocyte death by oxidative stress (OS) during aging is a major cause contributing to the impairment of bone quality and bone loss. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we show that H₂O₂ induced cell death of primary osteocytes and osteocytic MLO-Y4 cells, and also caused dose-dependent decreased expression of gap junction and hemichannel-forming connexin 43 (Cx43). The decrease of Cx43 expression was also demonstrated with the treatment of other oxidants, rotenone and menadione. Antioxidant reversed the effects of oxidants on Cx43 expression and osteocyte cell death. Cx43 protein was also much lower in the osteocytes from 20-month-old as opposed to the 5-week-old or 20-week old mice. Dye transfer assay showed that H₂O₂ reduced the gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC). In contrast to the effect on GJIC, there was a dose-dependent increase of hemichannel function by H₂O₂, which was correlated with the increased cell surface expression of Cx43. Cx43(E2) antibody, an antibody that specifically blocks Cx43 hemichannel activity but not gap junctions, completely blocked dye uptake induced by H₂O₂ and further exacerbated H₂O₂-induced osteocytic cell death. In addition, knockdown of Cx43 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased the susceptibility of the cells to OS-induced death. Together, our study provides a novel cell protective mechanism mediated by osteocytic Cx43 channels against OS.
[Effect of jianpi tiaogan wenshen recipe in treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome]. (2010)

JTWR is effective in treating IBS-D, with the effect better than PVB in improving mucus stool, also in the remote effect. Its therapeutic mechanism is possibly by way of adjusting the sensitivity of rectum.
A high performance Si on Si multichip module technology (2003)

A high-performance microprocessor and cache core based on a silicon-on-silicon multichip module technology is discussed. The technology was designed to have low interconnect parasitics and low cost. A 12-chip module operating at over 75 MHz using this technology was built incorporating an i486 microprocessor, a cache controller, and 256 K of SRAM cache. This represents a 40-50% clock rate improvement over a conventional packaged part approach. The dice were attached to a four-layer metal and polyimide silicon substrate using controlled collapse chip connection (C4) technology. The unit was assembled into a 350 pin ceramic pin grid array (PGA) package. A low-dielectric-constant polyimide and a flip chip die interconnection process minimized RC delay and inductance, and the module can operate at over 160 MHz. The module can dissipate up to 20 W using an array of thermal bumps spaced over the die surface and attached to staircase vias through the substrate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetic and electrical properties of single-phase, single-crystal Fe16N2 films epitaxially grown by molecular beam epitaxy (invited) (1996)

The average magnetic moment per Fe atom for a single-phase, single-crystal Fe16N2(001) film epitaxially grown on a GaAs(001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy has been confirmed to be 3.5μB at room temperature by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Rutherford backscattering. The value was in good agreement with that obtained by using a VSM and by measuring the film thickness (3.3μB per Fe atom). The saturation magnetization 4πMs has been found to increase with decreasing temperature, obeying T3/2 law at lower temperatures. The slope was steeper than that of a pure Fe film, suggesting a lower exchange constant for Fe16N2. The g factor for Fe16N2 has been accurately measured to be 2.17 by using ferromagnetic resonance with changing frequencies of 35.5–115 GHz, which is not unusual compared with the g factor of 2.16 for pure Fe. The resistivity for Fe16N2 has been measured to be around 30 μΩ cm at room temperature compared with 10 μΩ cm for pure Fe and decreases linearly with decreasing temperature. The behavior was that for normal metal and nothing unusual was seen. The anomalous Hall resistivity for Fe16N2 was 4×10−7 V cm/A, which is about three times as large as that for pure Fe. The relationship between the giant magnetic moment and the anomalous Hall resistivity has not been clarified yet.
Comparison of channel normalisation techniques for automatic speech recognition over the phone (2002)

We compared three different channel normalisation (CN) methods in the context of a connected digit recognition task over the phone: cepstrum mean substraction (CMS), RASTA filtering and the Gaussian dynamic cepstrum representation (GDCR). Using a small set of context independent (CI) continuous Gaussian mixture hidden Markov models (HMMs), we found that CMS and RASTA outperformed the GDCR technique. We show that the main cause for the superiority of CMS compared to RASTA is the phase distortion introduced by the RASTA filter. Recognition results for a phase corrected RASTA technique are identical to those of CMS. Our results indicate that an ideal cepstrum based CN method should: (1) effectively remove the DC component; (2) at least preserve modulation frequencies in the range 2-16 Hz; and (3) introduce no phase distortion in case CI HMMs are used for recognition.
The Igor System Administration Tool (1996)

This paper describes the system administration tool we call Igor. Igor is a tool for administrating a large number of UNIX systems in a diverse, networked environment. Igor consists of two parts, an interactive GUI which is controlled by an operator, and a daemon which is run on the UNIX target which actually executes the commands. Igor provides very fast operation, and quick post operation analysis of the results. In normal operations we have run commands on over 600 hosts simultaneously in 60 seconds.
A Self-Reorganizing Slot Allocation protocol for multi-cluster sensor networks (2005)

This paper presents a self-reorganizing slot allocation (SRSA) mechanism for TDMA based medium access control (MAC) in wireless sensor networks. With TDMA, a node can achieve significant energy savings by remaining active only during allocated slots for transmissions and receptions. In multi-cluster networks, it is often necessary for nodes to use either CDMA or FDMA for preventing interference across neighbor clusters. The goal of this paper is to provide an alternative design that can reduce inter-cluster TDMA interference without having to use spectrum expensive CDMA or FDMA. The primary contribution of this paper is to demonstrate that with adaptive slot allocation, it is possible to reduce such interference under low loading conditions, which is often the case for sensor networks with monitoring applications. The second contribution is to design a feedback based adaptive allocation reorganization protocol that can significantly reduce those interferences without relying on any global synchronization mechanisms. We present the design of SRSA and provide a simulation based characterization of the protocol in comparison with TDMA-over-CDMA, TDMA with random slot allocation and CSMA MAC protocols. The results indicate that with moderate cluster overlapping and low traffic, SRSA can significantly reduce inter-cluster TDMA interference while delivering TDMA-over-CDMA like energy efficiency, at the cost of higher delivery latency compared to TDMA-over-CDMA. Assuming its low complexity and narrow-band operation unlike TDMA-over-CDMA, SRSA can be an ideal sensor MAC protocol for applications that can tolerate relatively larger delivery latency but not frequent packet drops.
Microarousals in patients with sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (1997)

Upper airway obstructions during sleep cause recurrent brief awakenings or microarousals. Standard criteria exist for sleep and respiratory event scoring, however, there are different definitions currently used to score microarousals. We therefore compared three definitions of microarousal (ranging from 1.5-3 s in duration) and one of awakening (>15 s). We examined their occurrence at the termination of apnoeas and hypopnoeas and their correlation with daytime sleepiness in patients with sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS). Sixty-three patients (aged 49, SD 10) had overnight polysomnography, multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) and Epworth Sleepiness Scales (ESS). There were significantly more microarousals by any definition than there were awakenings (P<0.001) and there were more 1.5 s than 3 s microarousals (P<0.001). Significantly more apnoeas and hypopnoeas were terminated by 1.5 s microarousals (83% and 81%) than by 3 s microarousals (75%) (all P<0.001). Apnoea/ hypopnoea index (AHI) correlated significantly with objective daytime sleepiness (rho=-0.30, P<0.01). There were weakly significant relationships between all three microarousal definitions (-0.24<rho<-0.22, 0.03<P<0.04) and objective daytime sleepiness. None of the arousal definitions correlated with Epworth Sleepiness Scales scores. These results suggest that although 1.5 s microarousals are found at the end of more respiratory events, relationships between 3 and 1.5 s definitions, and daytime sleepiness are similar. This indicates that any of the three microarousal definitions can be used for visual assessment of sleep fragmentation.
In vivo bioactivity and biodistribution of chemotactic peptide analogs in nonhuman primates. (1993)

The dose dependence of the effect of chemotactic peptide on peripheral leukocyte levels was measured in normal Rhesus monkeys. A 99mTc-labeled hydrazino nicotinamide (HYNIC) derivatized chemotactic peptide analog was used to study biodistribution and inflammation imaging in Rhesus monkeys. In normal animals the studies demonstrated that chemotactic peptide induced a clear dose-dependent reduction in peripheral leukocyte levels. The decrease in leukocyte number occurred almost immediately after injection and rapidly returned to baseline. Significant effects on differential WBC count, blood pressure, pulse rate or respiration rate were not detected. The lowest dose of peptide tested (10 ng/kg) had minimal effect on leukocyte level. The HYNIC derivatized peptide was prepared in excellent yield and purity, had biological activity similar to the native peptide and was readily labeled at specific activity of > 20,000 mCi/mumole. When approximately 0.5 mCi (< 2.0 ng/kg) of radiolabeled peptide was injected in monkeys with focal sites of mild sterile inflammation, a pattern of biodistribution similar to radiolabeled WBCs was observed and reductions in leukocyte levels were not detected. At 3 hr after injection, the site of inflammation was readily apparent with a target-to-background ratio of approximately 3:1. These studies demonstrate that radiolabeled chemotactic peptide analogs are effective agents for imaging sites of inflammation in monkeys. By radiolabeling at high specific activity, the effect of these reagents on peripheral leukocyte levels can be avoided.
Effects of pectin on diarrhea in critically ill tube-fed patients receiving antibiotics (2000)

The reduced rate of diarrhea found in this study may be related to the stringent definition of diarrhea used. The therapeutic dose of pectin for reducing diarrhea needs further exploration. The trend was toward less diarrhea in the fiber/pectin group, but the study needs to be replicated with a larger sample.
An ultrahigh-vacuum system for STM studies (1994)

An ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) system for STM studies is described where a home-built STM is combined with a novel facility for in situ exchange of samples and tips. Technical details concerning the design of the sample and tip holders and the manipulation and storage equipment are given. For the preparation of organic films a compact evaporation source comprising two ovens with an excellent thermal insulation was constructed. First STM results of a coronene film on graphite and of tungsten diselenide are presented.
Preparation and Administration of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist (GnRHa) Implants for the Artificial Control of Reproductive Maturation in Captive-Reared Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (<i>Thunnus thynnus thynnus</i>) (2007)

Abstract Mature migrating Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus thynnus) were captured in the Mediterranean Sea with a purse seine and reared in floating cages for 2 to 3 years. During the natural spawning period (June–July) of two consecutive years, fish were randomly implanted underwater with a controlled-release delivery system (implant) loaded with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), in order to induce final oocyte maturation (FOM), ovulation/spermiation, and spawning. At the time of sampling, males were significantly larger than females (ANOVA, P < 0.001), having a mean (± SE) fork length and body weight of 190 ± 3 cm and 122 ± 5 kg, compared to 176 ± 3 cm and 94 ± 4 kg of females, respectively. All fish were reproductively mature, with their age ranging between 5 and 12 years and males being a year older, on average. After GnRHa implantation, fish were monitored for spawning and the release of eggs, and were sacrificed at different times after hormone treatment in order to examine the progressive effect of the treatment on gonad maturation. The in vitro GnRHa release from the produced implants was maximal during the first 2 d, with a mean (± SE) release of 525 ± 166 μ g GnRHa implant−1 day−1. The plasma GnRHa profile in vivo reflected the release in vitro, and statistically significant elevations in plasma GnRHa levels were measured until 7 d after treatment (ANOVA, P < 0.01). The underwater implantation procedure was improved between 2004 and 2005, requiring an average (± SD) of 3.1 ± 1.4 min for each fish, and was 64 and 84% successful in 2004 and 2005, respectively. There were no differences between the histological appearance of the testes of GnRHa-treated and control males, and almost all of them contained intra-testicular spermatozoa. However, the proportion of spermiating control males (n = 17) was only 12% compared to 26% for the GnRHa-implanted males (n = 19). Also, there were no differences between controls and GnRHa-implanted fish in sperm concentration, initial spermatozoa motility, or duration of forward motility, which ranged between 29.02–48.54 × 1010 spermatozoa ml−1, 58–63% and 8–9 min, respectively. Final oocyte maturation (FOM) and post-ovulatory follicles (POFs) occurred in 63% and 88%, respectively, of the GnRHa implanted females (n = 16), compared to 0% and 21%, respectively, of the control females (n = 14). In addition, two GnRHa-implanted females in 2005 were found to be ovulated at the time of sacrifice, and their eggs were fertilized in vitro with sperm from spermiating males, which resulted in viable embryos and larvae. Finally, although spawning was not observed, fertilized eggs were collected from the cages. Larvae produced from these eggs were identified as Atlantic bluefin tuna, demonstrating that the present GnRHa implantation method can be used to induce FOM, ovulation/spermiation, and spawning in captive-reared Atlantic bluefin tuna.
Fluid convection, constraint and causation (2011)

Complexity-nonlinear dynamics for my purposes in this essay-is rich with metaphysical and epistemological implications but is receiving sustained philosophical analysis only recently. I will explore some of the subtleties of causation and constraint in Rayleigh-Bénard convection as an example of a complex phenomenon, and extract some lessons for further philosophical reflection on top-down constraint and causation particularly with respect to causal foundationalism.
Selective hydrogenation of quinolines into 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines over a nitrogen-doped carbon-supported Pd catalyst (2018)

In this study, we have prepared a nitrogen-doped carbon supported Pd catalyst with abundant porous structures (abbreviated as Pd/CN) for the hydrogenation of quinolines.