gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-driven PID control system in single-loop controller (2003)

PID control is widely used as a basic control technology in industries today, but tuning of PID control systems is not always easy. Based on model-driven control concept, we developed a model-driven PID control system, named MD PID controller, combining with PD local feedback, IMC and set point filter. This paper provides a brief introduction of new model driven two-degrees of freedom PID control system, named MD TDOF PID controller, and shows some case studies results. We have confirmed that MD TDOF PID can show better control results compared with conventional PID control.
Indolizine studies. Part 2. Synthesis and NMR spectroscopic analysis of 2-substituted indolizines (1993)

Thermal cyclisation of 3-acetoxy-3-(2-pyridyl)-2-methylenepropionate esters and related compounds provides convenient access to 2-substituted indolizines. Detailed one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analysis of the title compounds has facilitated interpretation of their 1H and 13C NMR spectra.
Production and Characterization of IgA Monoclonal Antibody Against Ovalbumin (2007)

We established a hybridoma clone secreting an immunoglobulin A (IgA) monoclonal antibody (MAb) against ovalbumin (OVA). The MAb was produced using nasal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT) of BALB/c mice that had been intranasally immunized with OVA together with cholera toxin. The isotype of the MAb was determined to be IgA, kappa. The established IgA MAb exhibited saturable and dose-dependent binding to immobilized OVA on ELISA. The majority of the antibodies formed a dimer on immunoblot analyses. To determine the affinity of each binding site, we performed surface plasmon resonance analysis, in which the binding of soluble OVA to immobilized IgA was measured. The results revealed a slow association rate and relatively low affinity of each binding site. Despite this, the stable binding of the MAb to the immobilized OVA suggests that IgA may gain high avidity through formation of the dimer. This hybridoma will provide a unique source of genuine IgA MAb, not an IgG-IgA chimeric one, against food allergens.
Ionization potentials and donor properties of selenium analogs of tetrathiafulvalene (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIonization potentials and donor properties of selenium analogs of tetrathiafulvaleneE. M. Engler, F. B. Kaufman, D. C. Green, C. E. Klots, and R. N. ComptonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 10, 2921–2922Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00843a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00843a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Printed Dual-Layer Three-Way Directional Coupler Utilized as 3<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex> </formula>3 Beamforming Network for Orthogonal Three-Beam Antenna Array (2014)

We present a novel printed dual-layer three-way directional coupler, which can be utilized as 3 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex> </formula> 3 beamforming network (BFN) to provide orthogonal three-beam switching capability. The three-way directional coupler is a passive component with six input/output ports. The signal injected into the input port is equally distributed into the three output ports, with a constant phase difference of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$-$</tex></formula> 120 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}$</tex></formula> , 0 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}$</tex></formula> , or <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$+$</tex></formula> 120 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}$</tex></formula> . Simulation and measurement results show that within 7% relative bandwidth, good matching, high isolation, equal power division, and constant phase difference have been achieved simultaneously. Utilizing the three-way directional coupler as a 3 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula> 3 BFN, an orthogonal three-beam antenna array for 5.8-GHz application has been designed, fabricated, and tested to verify its capability experimentally.
Characterization of structural-prior guided optical tomography using realistic breast models derived from dual-energy x-ray mammography (2015)

Multi-spectral near-infrared diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is capable of providing functional tissue assessment that can complement structural mammographic images for more comprehensive breast cancer diagnosis. To take full advantage of the readily available sub-millimeter resolution structural information in a multi-modal imaging setting, an efficient x-ray/optical joint image reconstruction model has been proposed previously to utilize anatomical information from a mammogram as a structural prior. In this work, we develop a complex digital breast phantom (available at http://openjd.sf.net/digibreast) based on direct measurements of fibroglandular tissue volume fractions using dual-energy mammographic imaging of a human breast. We also extend our prior-guided reconstruction algorithm to facilitate the recovery of breast tumors, and perform a series of simulation-based studies to systematically evaluate the impact of lesion sizes and contrasts, tissue background, mesh resolution, inaccurate priors, and regularization parameters, on the recovery of breast tumors using multi-modal DOT/x-ray measurements. Our studies reveal that the optical property estimation error can be reduced by half by utilizing structural priors; the minimum detectable tumor size can also be reduced by half when prior knowledge regarding the tumor location is provided. Moreover, our algorithm is shown to be robust to false priors on tumor location.
Investigation of Artificial Neural Networks Capability to Predict Viscosity of Lubricants Used in Journal Bearings (2015)

Lubrication is one of the essential parts of various processes and instruments namely rotational devices such as bearings. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been applied to solve, predict and optimize in engineering problems in the last decade. Present study assesses the capability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in estimating viscosity of lubricants used in the lubrication of journal bearings. Using neural networks instead of running various tests to predict lubricant viscosity reduces costs and eliminates the necessity of using various devices and instruments by the researcher. The data of SAE 10, 20, 30, and 40 lubricants were used to train the neural networks. Back propagation (BP) error algorithm employed to networks training. Also, lubricant temperature was used as the input and its viscosity as the output of the simulation. In order to increase the accuracy of network training, a separate network was learned for each grade of lubricant, and the structure of each neural network and the effective parameters were optimized for each lubricant type through trial-and-error so that they would make more accurate predictions. The results of this simulation show that the error of neural networks in estimating lubricant viscosity in SAE 10, 20, 30, and 40 lubricants are in very small range, which indicate the capability of neural networks in the estimation of the desired parameters.
Genetic Variation in the β<sub>3</sub>-Adrenergic Receptor and an Increased Capacity to Gain Weight in Patients with Morbid Obesity (1995)

People with the Trp64Arg mutation of the gene for the beta 3-adrenergic receptor may have an increased capacity to gain weight.
A robust parallel delta-sigma A/D converter architecture (2002)

This paper presents an A/D converter architecture in which four 4/sup th/ order /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator channels are operated in parallel at a time-oversampling ratio of 10 to obtain an ideal signal-to-quantization error ratio corresponding to 18-bits. The architecture has the property that any x-bit decrease in individual /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator conversion performance due to non-ideal circuit behavior causes an x+1-bit decrease in the overall A/D conversion performance. The additional error caused by gain and offset mismatches among the four channels is either tolerable or removable using a simple digital compensation scheme. Thus, much of the robustness of /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulators is preserved.
Characterization of a novel transplantable orthotopic rat bladder transitional cell tumour model (1999)

An animal tumour model that mimics the human counterpart is essential for preclinical evaluation of new treatment modalities. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize such a model. To accomplish this, the established AY-27 rat bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell line was transplanted orthotopically into Fischer CDF344 female rats. AY-27 TCC cells were grown in monolayer cell culture and instilled intravesically as single cell suspensions into bladders that had been conditioned with mild acid washing. Tumour growth was assessed weekly by subjecting the rats to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). At intervals following implantation and MRI tumour detection, the animals were sacrificed for necropsy, histological examination and immunocytochemical studies. Flow cytometry was also performed for detection of Fas or Fas-ligand expression on AY-27 cells. The overall tumour establishment was 95% (97/102 rats) at 12-50 days, while in a subgroup of animals sacrificed at 16 days, 80 out of 82 animals (97%) developed TCC, the majority of which was superficial. Tumour stage was assessed by gross pathology and light microscopy. Histological examination of the tumour specimens confirmed the presence of grade II-III TCC. Immunocytochemistry confirmed that the tumour model maintained the features of TCC. The changes seen on MRI correlated well with the extent of tumour invasion identified histologically. Patchy carcinoma in situ could be detected histologically 12-13 days post-inoculation, and progressed to papillary tumour or invasive disease thereafter. Neither Fas nor Fas-ligand was expressed on AY-27 cells. The orthotopic AY-27 TCC model is highly reproducible and is ideal for preclinical studies on experimental intravesical therapies.
Iron Accumulates in Huntington’s Disease Neurons: Protection by Deferoxamine (2013)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine-encoding CAG expansion in the huntingtin gene. Iron accumulates in the brains of HD patients and mouse disease models. However, the cellular and subcellular sites of iron accumulation, as well as significance to disease progression are not well understood. We used independent approaches to investigate the location of brain iron accumulation. In R6/2 HD mouse brain, synchotron x-ray fluorescence analysis revealed iron accumulation as discrete puncta in the perinuclear cytoplasm of striatal neurons. Further, perfusion Turnbull's staining for ferrous iron (II) combined with transmission electron microscope ultra-structural analysis revealed increased staining in membrane bound peri-nuclear vesicles in R6/2 HD striatal neurons. Analysis of iron homeostatic proteins in R6/2 HD mice revealed decreased levels of the iron response proteins (IRPs 1 and 2) and accordingly decreased expression of iron uptake transferrin receptor (TfR) and increased levels of neuronal iron export protein ferroportin (FPN). Finally, we show that intra-ventricular delivery of the iron chelator deferoxamine results in an improvement of the motor phenotype in R6/2 HD mice. Our data supports accumulation of redox-active ferrous iron in the endocytic / lysosomal compartment in mouse HD neurons. Expression changes of IRPs, TfR and FPN are consistent with a compensatory response to an increased intra-neuronal labile iron pool leading to increased susceptibility to iron-associated oxidative stress. These findings, together with protection by deferoxamine, support a potentiating role of neuronal iron accumulation in HD.
Estren Behaves as a Weak Estrogen Rather than a Nongenomic Selective Activator in the Mouse Uterus (2006)

A proposed membrane-mediated mechanism of rapid nongenomic response to estrogen has been the intense focus of recent research. Estren, a synthetic steroid, is reported to act selectively through a rapid membrane-mediated pathway, rather than through the classical nuclear estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated pathway, to maintain bone density in ovariectomized mice without uterotropic effects. To evaluate the mechanism and physiological effects of estren, we studied responses in adult ovariectomized mice. In a 3-d uterine bioassay, we found that 300 microg estren significantly increased uterine weight; in comparison, a more maximal response was seen with 1 mug estradiol (E2). The estren response was partly ERalpha independent, because ERalpha knockout (alphaERKO) uteri also exhibited a more moderate weight increase. Estren induced epithelial cell proliferation in wild-type, but not alphaERKO, mice, indicating ERalpha dependence of the epithelial growth response. Examination of estren-regulated uterine genes by microarray indicated that early (2 h) changes in gene expression are similar to the early responses to E2. These gene responses are ERalpha dependent, because they are not seen in alphaERKO mice. Later estren-induced changes in gene expression (24 h) are blunted compared with those seen 24 h after E2. In contrast to early genes, these later estren responses are independent of ERalpha, because the alphaERKO shows a similar response to estren at 24 h. We found that E2 or estren treatments lead to depletion of ERalpha in the uterine cytosol fraction and accumulation in the nuclear fraction within 30-60 min, consistent with the ability of estren to regulate genes through a nuclear ERalpha rather than a nongenomic mechanism. Interestingly, estren, but not E2, induces accumulation of androgen receptor (AR) in the nuclear fraction of both wild-type and alphaERKO samples, suggesting that AR might be involved in the later ERalpha-independent genomic responses to estren. In conclusion, our studies suggest that estren is weakly estrogenic in the mouse uterus and might induce nuclear ERalpha- and AR-mediated responses. Given its activity in our uterine model, the use of estren as a bone-selective clinical compound needs to be reconsidered.
Lepus alleni (1993)

alieni is large 2.7-5. 9 kg-Vorhies and Taylor, 1933)-the ears are especially large (Fig. It has long slender legs, a short tail, and a large skull (Nelson, 190 9). Like L. callotis, but unlike L. californicus, which has a small white area on the venter, L. alieni has a wide white venter giving way to gray on the sides. This gray is sharply demarcated from the darker and buffier dorsum, especially across the hip. There is no black tip on the ears, and the distinct large throat patch is ochraceous buff
Glycoprotein metabolism in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the human colon. (1975)

Carbohydrate compositions of the membrane and cytoplasmic fractions of human normal and cancerous colonic mucosa were compared in patients with blood groups O and B. The total sugar content in both fractions was reduced in the cancer tissues to about one-third of that in the normal colonic mucosa. The sugars that are associated with mucinous glycoproteins such as fucose and N-acetylgalactosamine were reduced significantly, while sugars that are primarily associated with "serum-type" glycoproteins were relatively unchanged or reduced to a lesser extent. The activities of glycoprotein:glycosyltransferases were variable, some showing so significant change, others beinb significnatly reduced in cancerous tissues. A polypeptidyl:N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the first sugar to hydroxyamino acids of the protein core of mucinous glycoproteins), a sialyltransferase (involved in the addition of sialic acid to mucinous glycoproteins), and a galactoxyltransferase (thought to be responsible for blood group B antigenicity) were reduced in the cancerous colonic tissue. In contrast, the activities of these glycosyltransferases were unchanged in the colonic mucosa of patients with granulomatosis or ulcerative colitis. Glycosidase activities in the normal, cancerous, and inflammatory tissues were the same. These results suggest that in colonic cancer tissues the synthesis of one type of oligosaccharide chain may be greatly affected, while another family of oligosaccharides may remain relatively unaffected.
Extennsion of Retinal Detachments as a Complication of Pneumatic Retinopexy (1986)

Pneumatic retinopexy is a promising new alternative technique to scleral buckling for the treatment of selected cases of retinal detachment. We describe two cases, however, in which intravitreal gas injection caused further extension of the retinal detachment that in one case led to new macular detachment. This complication of pneumatic retinopexy has not been reported before, to our knowledge, and it may represent a significant limitation to the technique.
Transfection of the malaria parasite and expression of firefly luciferase. (1993)

The goal of this work is to develop a method for the functional analysis of malaria genes using the method of DNA transfection. We have developed a transient transfection vector by constructing a chimeric gene in which the firefly luciferase gene was inserted in frame into the coding region of the pgs28 gene of Plasmodium gallinaceum. This plasmid DNA was introduced into P. gallinaceum gametes and fertilized zygotes by electroporation, and luciferase expression was assayed after 24 hr. This report of successful introduction and expression of a foreign gene in a malaria parasite demonstrates the feasibility of this approach to developing methods for the functional analysis of parasite genes.
Self‐Assembly of M<sub>24</sub>L<sub>48</sub> Polyhedra Based on Empirical Prediction (2012)

Critical structural switch: A small initial difference in the angle within bidentate ligands (see scheme) is amplified into an incommensurable difference in the resultant structures (M12L24 or M24L48). This molecular-level emergent behavior was predicted from the empirical threshold of the ligand bend angle, determined by a ligand mixing experiment, for the critical M12L24/M24L48 switchover.
Asymptotically stable walking for biped robots: analysis via systems with impulse effects (2001)

Biped robots form a subclass of legged or walking robots. The study of mechanical legged motion has been motivated by its potential use as a means of locomotion in rough terrain, as well as its potential benefits to prothesis development and testing. The paper concentrates on issues related to the automatic control of biped robots. More precisely, its primary goal is to contribute a means to prove asymptotically-stable walking in planar, underactuated biped robot models. Since normal walking can be viewed as a periodic solution of the robot model, the method of Poincare sections is the natural means to study asymptotic stability of a walking cycle. However, due to the complexity of the associated dynamic models, this approach has had limited success. The principal contribution of the present work is to show that the control strategy can be designed in a way that greatly simplifies the application of the method of Poincare to a class of biped models, and, in fact, to reduce the stability assessment problem to the calculation of a continuous map from a subinterval of R to itself. The mapping in question is directly computable from a simulation model. The stability analysis is based on a careful formulation of the robot model as a system with impulse effects and the extension of the method of Poincare sections to this class of models.
Efficient built-in self test of regular logic characterization vehicles (2015)

Fast and efficient analysis of test chips is crucial for effective yield learning. Prior work proposed the Carnegie-Mellon logic characterization vehicle (CM-LCV) as an improved test chip for yield learning. The highly regular nature of the CM-LCV test chip is particularly appealing for BIST; the current work describes a BIST scheme that achieves 100% input-pattern fault coverage with an 86.9% reduction in test time for a reference design. Furthermore, all of these properties are achieved with a minimal hardware overhead.
Peptide-Like Molecules (PLMs): A Journey from Peptide Bond Isosteres to Gramicidin S Mimetics and Mitochondrial Targeting Agents (2009)

Peptides are natural ligands and substrates for receptors and enzymes and exhibit broad physiological effects. However, their use as therapeutic agents often suffers from poor bioavailability and insufficient membrane permeability. The success of peptide mimicry hinges on the ability of bioisosteres, in particular peptide bond replacements, to adopt suitable secondary structures relevant to peptide strands and position functional groups in equivalent space. This perspective highlights past and ongoing studies in our group that involve new methods development as well as specific synthetic library preparations and applications in chemical biology, with the goal to enhance the use of alkene and cyclopropane peptide bond isosteres.