gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Military importance of diarrhea: lessons from the Middle East. (2005)

Despite modern preventive medicine efforts, diarrhea rates remain high, and the impact of illness remains a threat to military efficiency. Novel enteric disease research programs designed to decrease the impact of diarrhea on the military mission are needed. The development of enteric vaccines and appropriate treatment regimens remain a top priority.
A novel 4-base-recognizing RNA cutter that can remove the single 3' terminal nucleotides from RNA molecules (2004)

Mammalian tRNase ZL shows versatility in substrate recognition. This enzyme can not only process pre-tRNAs by cleaving off their 3' trailer sequences, but also recognize and cleave pre-tRNA-like complexes and micro-pre-tRNAs. Here we demonstrate that 24-27 nt hairpin RNAs (hook RNAs) can guide cleavages of separate target RNAs by tRNase ZL through the micro-pre-tRNA-like complexes between the targets and the hook RNAs and that tRNase ZL together with hook RNA works as 4-7-base-recognizing RNA cutters. The cleavage sites were located only after the nucleotide corresponding to the discriminator nucleotide. Cleavage assays for various substrate/hooker complexes showed that the cleavage efficiency changes depending on the maximum number of substrate/hooker recognition base pairings and the stem length of hook RNA and that a 5 nt recognition sequence and a hook RNA containing a 6 or 7 bp stem are the best combination for the optimal target cleavage. We also show that a 4-base RNA cutter can remove the single 3' terminal nucleotides from RNA molecules. These results indicate that this new type of RNA cutter can be utilized to homogenize at their 3' termini RNA transcripts synthesized in vitro with a bacteriophage RNA polymerase.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping by Nanoparticle-Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Measurements of Surface Ligation Reactions (2006)

A sensitive method for the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genomic DNA that utilizes nanoparticle-enhanced surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) measurements of surface enzymatic ligation reactions on DNA microarrays is demonstrated. SNP identification was achieved by using sequence-specific surface reactions of the enzyme Taq DNA ligase, and the presence of ligation products on the DNA microarray elements was detected using SPRI through the hybridization adsorption of complementary oligonucleotides attached to gold nanoparticles. The use of gold nanoparticles increases the sensitivity of the SPRI so that single bases in oligonucleotides can be successfully identified at a concentration of 1 pM. This sensitivity is amply sufficient for performing multiplexed SNP genotyping by using multiple PCR amplicons and should also allow for the direct detection and identification of SNP sequences from 1 pM unamplified genomic DNA samples with this array-based and label-free SPRI methodology. As a first example of SNP genotyping, three different human genomic DNA samples were screened for a possible point mutation in the BRCA1 gene that is associated with breast cancer.
Computed-tomographic density measurement of supersonic flow field by colored-grid background oriented schlieren (CGBOS) technique (2011)

The background oriented schlieren (BOS) technique is one of the visualization techniques that enable the quantitative measurement of density information in the flow field with very simple experimental setup. The principle of BOS is similar to the conventional schlieren technique, which exploits the bending of light caused by refractive index change corresponding to density change in the medium and both techniques are sensible to density gradient. In this report we propose colored-grid background oriented schlieren (CGBOS) technique. The experiments were carried out in a supersonic wind tunnel of test section size 0.6 × 0.6 m2 at JAXA-ISAS. A colored-grid pattern was used as background image and density gradient in vertical and horizontal direction was obtained. Computed tomographic reconstructions of 3D density information of the supersonic flow field around an asymmetric body from multi-directional CGBOS images were examined.
PLANAR MULTIBAND BANDPASS FILTER WITH MULTIMODE STEPPED-IMPEDANCE RESONATORS (2011)

Planar multiband bandpass filters are implemented based on the versatile multimode stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs). The resonant spectrum of a SIR can be calculated as functions of the length ratios for various impedance ratios of the high-and low-impedance sections. Thus, by properly selecting the geometric parameters and designing the input/output coupling structure, the SIRs are feasible to realize multiband multimode filters. Using a single SIR, a dualmode dual-band, a dual-mode triple-band or a hybrid dual-/triplemode dual-band bandpass filter can be realized. Emphasis is also placed on designing specified ratios of center frequencies and fractional bandwidths of the passbands. To extend the design flexibility, extra shunt open stubs are used to adjust the ratio of the passband frequencies. In addition, sharpness of the transition bands is improved by designing the input/output stages. Simulation results are validated by the measured responses of experimental circuits.
PTEN as an effector in the signaling of antimigratory G protein-coupled receptor (2005)

PTEN, a tumor suppressor phosphatase, is important in the regulation of cell migration and invasion. Physiological regulation of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) by cell surface receptors has not been described. Here, we show that the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which acts through the S1P2 receptor (S1P2R) G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) to inhibit cell migration, utilizes PTEN as a signaling intermediate. S1P2R inhibition of cell migration is abrogated by dominant-negative PTEN expression. S1P was unable to efficiently inhibit the migration of Pten(DeltaloxP/DeltaloxP) mouse embryonic fibroblasts; however, the antimigratory effect was restored upon the expression of PTEN. S1P2R activation of Rho GTPase is not affected in Pten(DeltaloxP/DeltaloxP) cells, and dominant-negative Rho GTPase reversed S1P inhibition of cell migration in WT cells but not in Pten(DeltaloxP/DeltaloxP) cells, suggesting that PTEN acts downstream of the Rho GTPase. Ligand activation of the S1P2R receptor stimulated the coimmunoprecipitation of S1P2R and PTEN. Interestingly, S1P2R signaling increased PTEN phosphatase activity in membrane fractions. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of PTEN was stimulated by S1P2R signaling. These data suggest that the S1P2R receptor actively regulates the PTEN phosphatase by a Rho GTPase-dependent pathway to inhibit cell migration. GPCR regulation of PTEN maybe a general mechanism in signaling events of cell migration and invasion.
Long-term effects of dextrose prolotherapy for anterior cruciate ligament laxity. (2003)

In patients with symptomatic anterior cruciate ligament laxity, intermittent dextrose injection resulted in clinically and statistically significant improvement in ACL laxity, pain, swelling, and knee range of motion.
USO DE ESPONJA HEMOSTÁTICA DE GELATINA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE INFARTO AGUDO DO MIOCÁRDIO EM SUÍNOS (2010)

The acute infarction of myocardium results of the temporary blockage of coronary with reduction of blood for part of the myocardium, some minutes of interruption of the sanguineous flow are sufficient for the establishment of injury. Was catheterized the distal portion of the origin of the first diagonal branch of coronary interventricular left artery from two swine and a solution of haemostatic gelatin sponge was infused. After a period of 21 days the animals had been euthanized and the heart was processed for light microscopy, show an expressive scar in the apical region of the left ventricle in an animal whereas in the other, the injury was located in the left ventricular wall, and with lesser extension. It was possible also to observe the presence of areas not pertaining to the infarction region, with great collagen deposit, suggesting a heterogeneous process. In such a way, we can conclude that this technique is not interesting for the development of acute experimental model of infarction of the myocardium.

Keywords: Acute myocardial infarct, animal model, gelatin haemostatic sponge.
Oxidative damage to proteins of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: Evidence for neutrophil-mediated hydroxylation, nitration, and chlorination (1999)

Overall, our data strongly suggest heightened concentrations of oxidative stress in the lungs of patients with ARDS that lead to significantly increased oxidative protein damage.
Utility of bispectral index monitoring during intravenous sedation in the dental office. (2012)

The optimal BIS value during intravenous sedation in sedated ambulatory patients in dental surgery should be within the 80 to 85 range. BIS monitoring allows for reduced consumption of propofol, fentanyl, and midazolam.
Effect of Processing on Permanent Magnet Materials Containing Rare-Earth Metals (1969)

It is established that the new rare-earth permanent magnet alloys containing copper show precipitation effects during heat treatment. Alloys drastically quenched from a high temperature had a comparatively low value of coercive force which increased substantially upon aging at a lower temperature. Also, upon aging, it was observed optically that a precipitate formed. These effects permit considerable latitude in the heat treatment of the alloys. Experiments on coarse powders showed that useful permanent magnet properties can be obtained with alloys in this form. Oriented coarse powder compacts which are stable in air having intrinsic coercive forces at 17 000 Oe have been made.
Butyric acid in irritable bowel syndrome (2013)

Butyric acid (butanoic acid) belongs to a group of short-chain fatty acids and is thought to play several beneficial roles in the gastrointestinal tract. Butyric anion is easily absorbed by enteric cells and used as a main source of energy. Moreover, butyric acid is an important regulator of colonocyte proliferation and apoptosis, gastrointestinal tract motility and bacterial microflora composition in addition to its involvement in many other processes including immunoregulation and anti-inflammatory activity. The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the most commonly diagnosed functional gastrointestinal condition, is complex, and its precise mechanisms are still unclear. This article describes the potential benefits of butyric acid in IBS.
Tirapazamine: a novel agent targeting hypoxic tumor cells (2008)

Despite the very promising results obtained in various preclinical studies and early-Phase clinical trials, several Phase III trials have failed to demonstrate any survival benefit of adding TPZ to chemotherapy or radiation therapy in non-small cell lung cancer or head and neck cancer. Several clinical trials have yet to be completed and reported.
Compliant Impact Generator for Required Impact and Contact Force (2008)

A novel design of compliant slider crank mechanism is introduced and utilized as an impact force generator and contact force generator. This class of compliant slider mechanisms incorporates an elastic coupler which is an initially straight flexible beam and buckles when it hits the stopper. The elastic pin-pin coupler (a buckling beam) behaves as a rigid body prior to the impact pushing the rigid slider. At a certain crank angle the slider hits a stopper generating an impact force. Impact force can be changed by changing the angular velocity of the crank, therefore; achieving a desired velocity of the slider. Moreover, after the impact when the vibrations die out the maximum contact force can also be predetermined by designing the coupler dimensions (length, width, thickness and the amount of compression). Contact duration (crank angle) can also be changed and adjusted in this mechanism by changing the adjustable location of the impacted object.
ULTRASOUND BIOMICROSCOPY FOR EXAMINATION OF THE SCLEROTOMY SITE IN EYES WITH PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AFTER VITRECTOMY (2000)

Ultrasound biomicroscopy is useful in detecting fibrovascular proliferation at sclerotomy sites because a large and low-reflecting trapezoidal UBM image is highly correlated to its presence.
Application of Nanofiber Technology to Nonwoven Thermal Insulation (2007)

Nanofiber technology (fiber diameter less than 1 micrometer) is under development for future Army lightweight protective clothing systems. Nanofiber applications for ballistic and chemical/biological protection are being actively investigated, but the thermal properties of nanofibers and their potential protection against cold environments are relatively unknown. Previous studies have shown that radiative heat transfer in fibrous battings is minimized at fiber diameters between 5 and 10 micrometers. However, the radiative heat transfer mechanism of extremely small diameter fibers of less than 1 micrometer diameter is not well known. Previous studies were limited to glass fibers, which have a unique set of thermal radiation properties governed by the thermal emissivity properties of glass. We are investigating the thermal transfer properties of high loft nanofiber battings composed of carbon fiber and various polymeric fibers such as polyacrylonitrile, nylon, and polyurethane. Thermal insulation battings incorporating nanofibers could decrease the weight and bulk of current thermal protective clothing, and increase mobility for soldiers in the battlefield.
Enteral human serum immunoglobulin treatment of cryptosporidiosis in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (1995)

The anti-cryptosporidial immunoglobulin G antibodies in two commercially available human serum immunoglobulin (HSIG) products were quantified and characterized. The mean level of Cryptosporidium parvum-specific immunoglobulin G in HSIG was eightfold higher than the antibody level found in the sera of three immunocompetent individuals convalescing from cryptosporidiosis. However, HSIG products displayed no reactivity to cryptosporidial antigens in immunoblot analyses, while convalescent-phase sera demonstrated characteristic banding patterns. When HSIG was given to newborn severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice before and shortly after experimental infection, a decreased intensity of infection was observed in the intestines of the mice compared with that of control mice. However, there was no difference in mortality or histopathologic findings in the intestines of HSIG-treated and control mice when treatment was not started until 22 days of age. These results indicate that HSIG may be beneficial when given prophylactically; however, HSIG cannot eradicate cryptosporidia from mucosal surfaces in an established infection.
Simultaneously Estimating the Fundamental Matrix and Homographies (2009)

The estimation of the fundamental matrix (FM) and/or one or more homographies between two views is of great interest for a number of computer vision and robotics tasks. We consider the joint estimation of the FM and one or more homographies. Given point matches between two views (and assuming rigid geometry of the camera-scene displacement), it is well known that all of the matched points satisfy the epipolar constraint that is usually characterized by the FM. Subsets of these point matches may also obey a constraint characterized by a homography (all matches in the subset coming from three-dimensional (3-D) points lying on a 3-D plane). The estimations of homographies and the FM are well-studied problems, and therefore, the (separate) estimation of the FM, or the homography matrices, can be considered as effectively solved problems with mature algorithms. However, the homographies and FM are not independent of each other: therefore, separate estimation of each is likely to be suboptimal. In this paper, we propose to simultaneously estimate the FM and homographies by employing the compatibility constraint between them. This is done by first concentrating on a set of parameters that (jointly) parameterize the entire set of homographies and FM (simultaneously) and that also implicitly enforce the compatibility between the estimates of each set. We then derive a reduced form with the purpose of improving the speed. We propose a solution method in which the Sampson error for the FM and homographies is minimized by the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. Experiments show that the gains can be compared with separate estimates (the FM and/or the homographies).
Handbook of Walkthroughs, Inspections, and Technical Reviews: Evaluating Programs, Projects, and Products (1982)

From the Publisher:
To err is indeed human, and reviews have proved to be the most cost-effective method in use for error detection and removal. In this highly acclaimed third edition, you'll learn exactly how to implement reviews for all sorts of product and software development. The book spells out procedures to conduct walkthroughs (or peer-group reviews), inspections, and technical reviews, with extensive checklists for each type of material reviewed (including specification, design, and code reviews). Using a lively question-and-answer format, this complete reference also describes ways to avoid problems that often accompany the review process. By implementing reviews, you can spot and eliminate defects at the source  before your customers find them.
Altered Natural Killer Cells in Type 1 Diabetic Patients (2006)

Evidence from animal models suggests that natural killer (NK) cells can be important players in the development of type 1 diabetes, although data in humans are still sparse. We studied the frequency and activation state of blood NK cells at different stages of human type 1 diabetes, and whether genetic or phenotypic NK cell peculiarities could be associated with an early onset of diabetes. The onset period is marked by a slight reduction in blood NK cells, but these are unusually activated in some patients (gamma-interferon expression). This activation status does not correlate, however, with a particularly young age at onset. In contrast, NK cells in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes had a markedly lower expression of p30/p46 NK-activating receptor molecules compared with those of control subjects. A slightly decreased expression of NKG2D in all type 1 diabetic patients relative to control subjects was observed, independent of the duration of disease, parallel to prior observations in the NOD mouse. Finally, type 1 diabetic patients had an increased frequency of KIR gene haplotypes that include the activating KIR2DS3 gene, with a genetic interaction between the KIR and HLA complexes. The reduced activation of NK cells in individuals with long-standing type 1 diabetes would seem to be a consequence rather than a cause, but other peculiarities may relate to type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.
Non-classical N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes (2010)

The expansion of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands for transition metals to mesoionic ligand systems has led to the discovery of a wide range of non-classical carbene-type ligands. These non-classical carbene-type ligands are characterised by a significantly lower heteroatom stabilisation of the (putative) free carbene, a situation that also affects the ligand donor properties and hence the reactivity of the coordinated metal centre. In consequence, a number of attractive transition metal-catalysed processes have been disclosed in recent years, predominantly in the areas of cross-coupling, hydrogenations, and olefin metathesis reactions.
<title>A rigorous algorithm for telescope pointing</title> (2002)

A typical modern telescope control system points by first calculating the direction of the target in nominal mount coordinates and then applying small corrections to the demanded mount angles. The pointing refers to the rotation axis of the instrument mount, and rotator demands are calculated <i>via</i> parallactic angle. This simple approach works well enough when the corrections are small and the accuracy objectives are modest. However, a more rigorous approach can pay off, in the form of improved pointing, more accurate guide probe predictions, reduced residual field rotation and reliable world coordinate system information even when the detector is off-axis. In this paper I propose a rigorous vector/matrix algorithm for generating pointing predictions on an imperfect telescope, with support for autoguiding, field stabilization and world coordinate systems even in difficult cases such as Nasmyth and coude.
Photolithographically-Patterned Electroactive Films and Electrochemically Modulated Diffraction Gratings (1999)

This manuscript presents an overview of work directed toward the creation of arbitrary micron-scale patterns of electroactive polymer films by the application of photolithography. A brief overview of work by other groups in the field is followed by a detailed description of work from our own labs which resulted in the development of methods to pattern a variety of different electroactive materials, including Ru− and Os−polypyridine complexes, viologen-based polymers, and a low-potential polythiophene. The discussion provides detail on the photolithographic methodology. In addition, the spatially-patterned films are characterized by using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical properties of several of the lithographically-patterned films are also presented. Finally, photolithography is applied to fabricate electrochromic optical diffraction gratings. The diffraction efficiency of these electroactive gratings can be modulated by an electrochemical stimulus. The properties and mechanism for operation of the electrochromic gratings are described.
Self- and Super-organizing Maps in<i>R</i>: The<b>kohonen</b>Package (2007)

In this age of ever-increasing data set sizes, especially in the natural sciences, visualisation becomes more and more important. Self-organizing maps have many features that make them attractive in this respect: they do not rely on distributional assumptions, can handle huge data sets with ease, and have shown their worth in a large number of applications. In this paper, we highlight the kohonen package for R, which implements self-organizing maps as well as some extensions for supervised pattern recognition and data fusion.
Comparative chemical structures of human alpha-fetoproteins from fetal serum and from ascites fluid of a patient with hepatoma. (1977)

Human alpha-fetoproteins were purified from umbilical cord serum and from ascites fluid of a patient with hepatoma by affinity chromatography, and their chemical compositions and terminal sequences were compared. The amino acid compositions of these alpha-fetoproteins were similar and in good agreement with the values reported by other investigators. The COOH-terminal 5-amino acid sequence determined by carboxypeptidase digestion and the NH2-terminal 20-amino acid sequence determined by an automated sequence analyzer revealed that both alpha-fetoproteins had the same terminal sequences of amino acids. The sequence analysis showed that a part of each of the proteins lacked its NH2-terminal residues for one or three amino acids. A small difference in the carbohydrate composition of each alpha-fetoprotein was observed. It was concluded that alpha-fetoproteins from fetal serum and from ascites fluid of a patient with hepatoma had very similar structures.