gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved TCP performance in wireless ip networks through enhanced opportunistic scheduling algorithms (2005)

Current and next-generation wireless networks rely on multiuser diversity and scheduling techniques, such as the commonly used proportional fair (PF) algorithm, to achieve greater system throughput and higher efficiencies for wireless data applications over a time-varying wireless channel. We show that the variability of the inter-scheduling intervals, as introduced by the PF scheduling algorithm, can have adverse effects on TCP and its congestion control mechanism and lead to spurious timeouts and unnecessarily low throughput. We propose an enhanced scheduling algorithm that is explicitly tuned towards throughput performance at the TCP layer. However, this algorithm does not use any explicit information from the TCP layer and solely relies on information readily available at the link layer at which the scheduler resides. The performance of this improved algorithm is assessed through extensive simulations to show an average TCP throughput improvement of 12% compared to PF. In addition, the TCP-level fairness across all users is increased, as is the individual user throughput.
Immune Response and Pathogenicity of Different Strains of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Applied as Vaccines (1978)

Eight strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were characterized by the criteria of immunity and pathogenicity engendered in young chickens. Some strains have been used commercially, and the others are potential candidates for vaccines. They were administered by drinking water, eyedrop, vent drop, and subcutaneous and aerosol routes. The viruses varied widely in pathogenicity in terms of bursal damage, morbidity, and mortality. Immunity induced with different routes of administration also differed markedly when measured by challenge, virus serum-neutralizing antibody titers, and the agargel precipitin test. Maternally derived immunity interfered with stimulation of active immunity by some of the less pathogenic strains. The more virulent strains, however, were able to provide protection under similar circumstances, although bursal damage was frequently severe. Two strains proved relatively virulent by the criteria employed. Characteristics desirable for IBDV strains to be given as vaccines under field conditions to young chickens are discussed briefly.
HOT SEAT ON THE OIL CANS (1994)

TRANSPORTATION OF HEAVY CRUDE OIL BY UNIT TRAIN FROM BAKERSFIELD TO SHELL REFINERY AT CARSON, CALIF.
N<scp>UTRITIONAL</scp>M<scp>ANAGEMENT OF</scp>M<scp>AINTENANCE</scp>D<scp>IALYSIS</scp>P<scp>ATIENTS</scp>: Why Aren't We Doing Better? (2001)

About 40% of patients undergoing maintenance dialysis suffer from varying degrees of protein-energy malnutrition. This is a problem of substantial importance because many measures of nutritional status correlate with the risk of morbidity and mortality. There are many causes of protein-energy malnutrition in maintenance dialysis patients. Evidence indicates that nutritional decline begins even when the reduction in glomerular filtration rate is modest, and it is likely that the observed decrease in dietary protein and energy intake plays an important role. The nutrient intake of patients receiving maintenance dialysis also is often inadequate, and several lines of evidence suggest that toxins that accumulate with renal failure suppress appetite and contribute to nutritional decline once patients are on maintenance dialysis. Recent epidemiologic studies have suggested that both increased serum levels of leptin and inflammation may reduce nutrient intake and contribute to the development of protein-energy malnutrition. It is likely that associated illnesses, which are highly prevalent, contribute to malnutrition in maintenance dialysis patients. Recent data from the United States Renal Data System registry suggest that in the United States, the mortality rate of dialysis patients is improving. However, it remains high. We offer suggestions for predialysis and dialysis care of these patients that can result in improvement in their nutritional status. Whether this improvement will result in a decrease in patient morbidity and mortality is unknown.
Defective Adenoassociated Viral-Mediated Transfection of Insulin Gene by Direct Injection into Liver Parenchyma Decrease Blood Glucose of Diabetic Mice (1997)

The present study assessed the feasibility of transferring the insulin gene into liver cells of diabetic individuals using a defective adenoassociated viral (AAV) vehicle. AAV offers several advantages over other viral vectors, since this vehicle can facilitate transfection in vivo without cell division and without any viral coding sequences (thus minimizing inflammation). The rat insulin gene and lacZ were each packed into a defective AAV vehicle (AAV-INS and AAV-lacZ, respectively). Successful AAV-mediated transfection and expression of lacZ into hepatocytes in primary cell culture were demonstrated by chemiluminescent assay of beta-galactosidase. Similarly, AAV-mediated transfection and expression of the insulin gene into hepatocytes was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After AAV-mediated transfection of the insulin gene into hepatocytes, glucose in the medium was significantly reduced for up to 5 days. After direct injection of AAV-INS into liver parenchyma of diabetic mice, successful transfection was demonstrated by RT-PCR, and blood glucose was significantly decreased for at least 6 days. These studies suggest that the AAV vector may be used to transfer the insulin gene into liver cells in vitro and in vivo.
Focusing properties of tantalum phase zone plate and its application to hard x-ray microscope (2000)

A phase zone plate made of tantalum has been designed and fabricated for focusing hard x-rays. It is designed to optically match to the undulator radiation of the BL24XU at the SPring-8. Its focusing properties were measured. The focused beam size smaller than 1 μm was obtained at the photon energy of 10 keV. The diffraction efficiency was measured around 10 keV and the maximum efficiency of 20.7% was obtained at 9.8 keV. Photon flux was estimated to be ∼4×108 photons/s. A system for a scanning x-ray microscope has been constructed and the transmission and/or fluorescence microscopy has also been performed.
A frequency‐aware data‐centric mechanism for wireless sensor networks (2009)

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are characterized by their low bandwidth, limited energy, and largely distributed deployment. To reduce the flooding overhead raised by transmitting query and data information, several data‐centric storage (DCS) mechanisms are proposed. However, the locations of these data‐centric nodes significantly impact the power consumption and efficiency for information queries and storage capabilities, especially in a multi‐sink environment. This paper proposes a novel dissemination approach, which is namely the dynamic data‐centric routing and storage mechanism (DDCRS), to dynamically determine locations of data‐centric nodes according to sink nodes' location and data collecting rate and automatically construct shared paths from data‐centric nodes to multiple sinks. To save the power consumption, the data‐centric node is changed when new sink nodes participate when the WSNs or some queries change their frequencies. The simulation results reveal that the proposed protocol outperforms existing protocols in terms of power conservation and power balancing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transient nucleation and manipulation of nucleation sites in solid-state crystallization of <i>a</i>-Si films (1994)

Solid-state nucleation of Si crystals in a-Si films is controlled by Si ion implantation prior to the isothermal annealing. The process of the nucleation includes a long transient period that causes the diminishing shape of the grain size distribution (GSD). The parameters appearing in the kinetic theory of transient nucleation are estimated from the GSD in a-Si. It is found that the ion implantation reduces the steady-state nucleation rate and elongates the time lag, while the growth rate is almost constant. The dependence of the above parameters is simulated based on the model of heterogeneous nucleation. It is qualitatively suggested that the suppression of the nucleation can be attributed to the modification of the interface to the SiO2 underlayer such as the changes in the self-diffusion or in the interfacial energy. When the nucleation rate is spatially controlled in the plane of the film, a small portion provides the artificial nucleation site. If the sites are periodically placed, the GSD shrinks to have a shape like log-normal. A model for the manipulated nucleation site explains the shape of the GSD, and how a single nucleus is selected to grow in the site.
Measurement of Collagen-Proteoglycan Interaction in Hypertrophic Scars (1983)

Collagen-proteoglycan interaction in hypertrophic scars was measured by staining tissue collagen with Sirius red, followed by elution of the bound stain, and photometric quantitation before and after papain digestion. Control sections from each of the specimens were treated with buffer solution instead of papain. The difference in dye concentration observed between respective untreated and digested sections was considered to be due to the unmasked basic groups of collagen originally bound to proteoglycans. The results suggest a significantly increased collagen-proteoglycan interaction in human hypertrophic scars as compared with nonhypertrophic scars, normal skin, and granulation tissues.
Investigation of the correlation between heart rate and heart rate variability (2002)

Pathologic conditions are frequently associated with marked changes in heart rate (HR), which itself influences its variability (HRV). Accordingly, some researchers consider the HR and the HRV to be equivalent measures. The question was posed: Does the HRV afford different information than the HR itself? The HRV were investigated in ten patients during a normal autonomic tone and a pharmacological autonomic blockade, respectively. The results were analysed by calculation of the product-moment correlation coefficient and by means of linear regression of the HRV and the HR. Significant correlations were found between the HR and all of the HRV bands. The regression coefficients of the HR and HRV increased markedly after a sympathetic blockade. The extent of the regression decreased to nearly zero during a total vegetative blockade. It was concluded that (1) There is a significant negative correlation between the HR and the HRV; (2) The degree of this connection is influenced markedly by the actual tone of the autonomic nervous system, which means different information contents of the HR and its variability in the autonomic regulation of the circulation.
Structural studies of PdCl<sub>2</sub>L<sub>2</sub> complexes with fluorinated phosphines, phosphites, and phosphinites as precursors of benzyl bromide carbonylation catalysts, and and X-ray crystal structure of <i>cis</i>-PdCl<sub>2</sub>[PPh<sub>2</sub>(OEt)]<sub>2</sub> (2001)

PdCl 2 L 2 -type complexes with phosphines (L = PPh x (C 6 F 5 ) 3- x (x = 0-3)), phosphites (L = P(OMe) 3 , P(OPh) 3 , P(OEt) 3 ), and phosphinites (L = PPh 2 (OC 6 F 5 ), PPh 2 (O-3,5-F 2 C 6 H 3 ), PPh 2 (OEt), PPh 2 (O-n-Bu), PPh 2 (O-t-Bu)) were synthesized and characterized by UV-vis and 31 P NMR methods. PdCl 2 L 2 complexes with less sterically demanding phosphines (Θ < 140°) exist as cis isomers, which is confirmed by the X-ray structure of cis-PdCl 2 [PPh 2 (OEt)] 2 . These complexes react with CO in the presence of NEt 3 forming Pd(CO) x L y (x + y = 4) type carbonyls characterized by IR spectra. All PdCl 2 L 2 complexes studied are active as precursors of benzyl bromide carbonylation catalysts at 40°C and 1 atm CO; however, the activity of the cis isomers is higher than that of the trans isomers. The highest yields of the carbonylation product, phenylacetic acid methyl ester, were obtained using cis-PdCl 2 [P(OMe) 3 ] 2 (92%), cis-PdCl 2 [P(OPh) 3 ] 2 (89%), and cis-PdCl 2 [PPh 2 (O-n-Bu)] 2 (78%) as catalyst precursors.Key words: palladium complexes, fluorinated phosphines, benzyl bromide carbonylation.
OPESAVER-Super Irrigation System (2006)

OPESERVER reduces the surge phenomenon during ultrasonic phacoemulsification. It is composed of a Y-shaped joint (connecting the irrigation tube to the ultrasonic handpiece) to which a silicone tube (3.5 mm in internal diameter, 5 mm in outer diameter, and 2 m in length) is connected. The opposite end of the silicone tube is closed. Making use of the spontaneous compression and inflation, which take place to make the anterior chamber pressure equal to the air pressure within the silicon tube, OPESERVER instantaneously releases the irrigation fluid (entering the silicon tube) into the anterior chamber, thus allowing avoidance of surge and stabilization of the anterior chamber. If OPESERVER is used, stability of the anterior chamber is remarkably improved even when cataract surgery is performed with the irrigation fluid bottle set at a height 30 to 40 cm lower than usual, thus contributing to improving the safety of surgery and promoting postoperative patient recovery. Because the use of OPESERVER involves only a simple change in the pattern of the irrigation side, it can be used in combination with existing methods for manipulation on the aspiration side, and there is no restriction on the type of the apparatus used for aspiration.
Quantification of the Terminal Complement Complex in Human Plasma by an Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on Monoclonal Antibodies against a Neoantigen of the Complex (1985)

The fluid-phase terminal complement complex (TCC), consisting of the components C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9, and the S-protein, has recently been detected in normal human plasma by using antibodies against native terminal complement components. Increased amounts of TCC were then found in several patients with in vivo activation of complement. We now describe a sensitive, specific, and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of the TCC, based on monoclonal antibodies against a neoantigen of the complex. The results indicate that the TCC is present in normal human plasma and in increased amounts in patients with complement activation in vivo, thus confirming previously obtained results. The assay is easy to perform and can be used for examination of large numbers of plasma samples.
Cyclooxygenase blockade elevates leukotriene E4 production during acute anaphylaxis in sheep. (1986)

We examined changes in the levels of eicosanoids in blood and pulmonary lymph of anesthetized sheep undergoing acute anaphylaxis. Within 1-3 min of intravenous antigenic challenge of previously sensitized sheep, there were approximately 7-30-fold elevations in mean arterial plasma levels of thromboxane B2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, respectively, as measured by RIA. Negligible changes in levels of these cyclooxygenase products were found in both nonsensitized sheep and in sensitized sheep treated with indomethacin before antigenic challenge. In contrast, no changes in levels of sulfidopeptide leukotrienes (SPLT) in pulmonary lymph were detectable by RIA during anaphylaxis in sensitized or nonsensitized sheep, but levels of SPLT in indomethacin-treated sensitized sheep increased more than fivefold above levels in lymph from both other groups of animals. The immunoreactive SPLT in lymph from indomethacin-treated sheep was accounted for as LTE4, as demonstrated by mobility on HPLC and absorbance at 280 nm. These results support the possibility that certain undesirable effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, such as cardiopulmonary reactions in aspirin-sensitive individuals, and impaired renal and cardiac function during therapy with these drugs, may be related in part to augmented synthesis of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway products, especially those of the sulfidopeptide class. Increased LT production could also limit the antiinflammatory effectiveness of these drugs in many disease states.
Economics of Luxury: Counting Probability of Buying Counterfeits of Luxury Goods (2015)

According to various economists, a main reason for a so-called demonstrative (conspicuous, ostentatious) consumption is a signaling of economic wealth, i.e. the aim to demonstrate a social status of the individual, or the aim to pretend so. The latter mentioned behavior generates a base for counterfeit (fake) goods consumption that imitates consumption of well-known brands and trademarks. We build a discrete choice model with binary dependent variables, which employs the data from the omnibus research in the Czech Republic and determines a probability of a certain action by certain individuals with common characteristics. Our results indicate that measures age, household income, size of community people live in and opinion about noxiousness of the market with counterfeits influence the probability of counterfeit goods purchase.
Widespread Amyloid Deposition in Transplanted Human Pancreatic Islets (2008)

To the Editor: We report on a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus, diagnosed at 16 years of age, in whom widespread amyloid deposits developed many years later in transplanted human islets. The islets were administered through three intraportal infusions: two infusions were administered 4 months apart when the patient was 50 years of age, and one infusion was administered when he was 54 years of age.
CTTNBP2, but not CTTNBP2NL, regulates dendritic spinogenesis and synaptic distribution of the striatin–PP2A complex (2012)

Cortactin-binding protein 2 (CTTNBP2) interacts with cortactin to regulate cortactin mobility and control dendritic spine formation. CTTNBP2 has also been associated with autistic spectrum disorder. The regulation of dendritic spinogenesis could explain the association of CTTNBP2 with autism. Sequence comparison has indicated that CTTNBP2 N-terminal-like protein (CTTNBP2NL) is a CTTNBP2 homologue. To confirm the specific effect of CTTNBP2 on dendritic spinogenesis, here we investigate whether CTTNBP2NL has a similar function to CTTNBP2. Although both CTTNBP2 and CTTNBP2NL interact with cortactin, CTTNBP2NL is associated with stress fibers, whereas CTTNBP2 is distributed to the cortex and intracellular puncta. We also provide evidence that CTTNBP2, but not CTTNBP2NL, is predominantly expressed in the brain. CTTNBP2NL does not show any activity in the regulation of dendritic spinogenesis. In addition to spine morphology, CTTNBP2 is also found to regulate the synaptic distribution of striatin and zinedin (the regulatory B subunits of protein phosphatase 2A [PP2A]), which interact with CTTNBP2NL in HEK293 cells. The association between CTTNBP2 and striatin/zinedin suggests that CTTNBP2 targets the PP2A complex to dendritic spines. Thus we propose that the interactions of CTTNBP2 and cortactin and the PP2A complex regulate spine morphogenesis and synaptic signaling.
Electromagnetic Control of Initial Solidification in Continuous Casting of Steel by Low Frequency Alternating Magnetic Field. (1997)

A marked improvement of the surface quality of casts and a break-through in casting speed in conventional continuous casting of steel require the introduction of new technology for initial solidification control. The authors have approached these problems by the use of electromagnetic shaping of the meniscus and demonstrated the possibility using simulation experiments. This paper describes the results of numerical prediction of the effect of electromagnetic field on the initial solidification of steel and the experimental results obtained by continuous casting of round austenite stainless steel billets of 180 mm diameter with solenoidal magnetic field with main frequency, 60 Hz. The numerical results concerned with magnetohydrodynamics and heat transfer phenomena predicted improvement of the surface roughness of the cast billet and improvement of mold lubrication by decreasing the dynamic pressure due to the meniscus shaping effect. In the experimental casting, the surface of billets were smoothed and the mold friction force was reduced by imposing the magnetic field, which are in consistent with the numerical predictions.
Internal size variations in Tn<i>1546</i>-like elements due to the presence of IS<i>1216V</i> (1998)

In this study, internal size variations in the VanA gene cluster Tn1546, encoding resistance to glycopeptides, is described. Studies of previously uncharacterized size variations of an internal region, encoding the vanX and vanY genes of Tn1546, revealed that these variations were due to the presence of the IS sequence, IS1216V. This IS sequence has previously been found integrated in Tn1546. Integration of the IS1216V element created both deletions and a duplication in a non-essential region of Tn1546. In several isolates, the entire vanY gene was deleted, proving that this gene is non-essential for vancomycin resistance.
Sequential Aggregate Signatures Made Shorter. (2013)

Sequential aggregate signature (SAS) is a special type of public-key signature that allows a signer to add his signature into a previous aggregate signature in sequential order. In this case, since many public keys are used and many signatures are employed and compressed, it is important to reduce the sizes of signatures and public keys. Recently, Lee, Lee, and Yung (PKC 2013) proposed an efficient SAS scheme with short public keys and proved its security without random oracles under static assumptions. In this paper, we propose an improved SAS scheme that has a shorter signature size compared with that of Lee et al.’s SAS scheme. Our SAS scheme is also secure without random oracles under static assumptions. To achieve the improvement, we devise a new public-key signature scheme that supports multi-users and public re-randomization. Compared with the SAS scheme of Lee et al., our SAS scheme employs new techniques which allow us to reduce the size of signatures by increasing the size of the public keys (obviously, since signature compression is at the heart of aggregate signature this is a further step in understanding the aggregation capability of such schemes).
Declarative specification of software architectures (2002)

Scaling formal methods to large, complex systems requires methods of modeling systems at high levels of abstraction. In this paper, we describe such a method for specifying system requirements at the software architecture level. An architecture represents a way breaking down a system into a set of interconnected components. We use architecture theories to specify the behavior of a system in terms of the behavior of its components via a collection of axioms. The axioms describe the effects and limits of component variation and the assumptions a component can make about the environment provided by the architecture. As a result of the method the verification of the basic architecture can be separated from the verification of the individual component instantiations. We present an example of using architecture theories to model the task coordination architecture of a multi-threaded plan execution system.
Suppression of cholesterogenesis by plant constituents: Review of Wisconsin contributions to NC‐167 (1985)

In animals, non-sterol metabolites of the mevalonate pathway act independently from receptor-mediated cholesterol uptake in the multivalent feedback regulation of mevalonate biosynthesis. Studies leading to the isolation and characterization of plant-borne suppressors of mevalonate biosynthesis are reviewed. We propose that one cardio-protective component of the vegetarian diet consists of a variety of non-sterol, post-mevalonate metabolites. These products of plant branches of the mevalonate pathway, discarded as animals evolved, continue to influence animal sterol metabolism. It is through this action, we propose, that the cholesterol-suppressive action of plant materials is expressed.