gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new SP (simultaneous polishing) model for copper CMP process (2003)

For the copper damascene process, dummy fill is used to improve over-polishing problems such as dishing and erosion. Dummy placement based on design rules is ordinary used, but to improve the efficiency of the dummy fill, model-based design is necessary So, we have developed a new SP (simultaneous, polishing) model for Cu-CMP and developed a dummy pattern design system to utilize the model. Using the model, simulation results of dishing and erosion well agree with experiments within 10% errors, and calculation time is fast enough for LSI design. The system we develop can be utilized to design dummy placement practically.
The transport of neutral amino acids in cultured human fibroblasts. (1980)

The transport of neutral amino acids and their interactions for uptake have been studied in skin-derived-diploid human fibroblasts cultured at confluency. Properly timed preincubations in a medium defined in composition and requirements have been adopted to control size of internal amino acid pools and regulatory interferences affecting amino acid transport. L-Proline, L-alanine, and L-leucine were used as natural amino acid substrates. Amino acid uptake and exchange with preaccumulated molecules have been measured under conditions approaching initial entry rates in the absence and in the presence of Na+ and of transport-specific model substrates. Cultured human fibroblasts were found to contain three neutral amino acid transport systems: A, ASC, and L. L-Proline was taken up preferentially by System A. System ASC appeared to mediate the largest fraction of L-Leucine entered the cells mainly by the Na+-independent System L. Preaccumulation of the cells with Site A-reactive amino acids caused trans-inhibition of the activity of System A. The activity of System L was strongly trans-stimulated in cells preloaded with Site L-reactive amino acids. The inward transport of L-alanine was trans-inhibited by internal Site A-reactive amino acids and trans-stimulated by preaccumulated L-alanine exchanging with the external amino acid through the operation of System ASC.
Association between peridural scar and recurrent radicular pain after lumbar discectomy: magnetic resonance evaluation. ADCON-L European Study Group. (1996)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of any correlation between recurrent radicular pain during the first six months following first surgery for herniated lumbar intervertebral disc and the amount of lumbar peridural fibrosis as defined by MR imaging. 197 patients who underwent first-time single-level unilateral discectomy for lumbar disc herniation were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, controlled multicenter clinical trial. Clinical assessments, performed by physicians blinded to patient treatment status, were conducted preoperatively and at one and six months postoperatively. The enhanced MR images of the operative site utilized in the analysis were obtained at six months postoperatively. Radicular pain was recorded by the patient using a validated visual analog pain scale in which 0 = no pain and 10 = excruciating pain. The data obtained at the 6 month time point were analyzed for an association between amount of peridural scars as measured by MR imaging and clinical failure as defined by the recurrence of radicular pain. The results showed that the probability of recurrent pain increases when scar score increases. Patients having extensive peridural scar were 3.2 times more likely to experience recurrent radicular pain than those patients with less extensive peridural scarring. In conclusion, this prospective, controlled, randomized, blinded, multicenter study has demonstrated that there is a significant association between the presence of extensive peridural scar and the occurrence of recurrent radicular pain.
Applicability Of Interference Processing To DTH Reception (2006)

Today fixed satellite broadcast reception has to compete efficiently with other means of broadcast content delivery to end-users. The ease of reception is essential to maintain a high penetration rate under more competitive conditions. The introduction of DVB-S2 increases efficiency and allows for a higher throughput or a reduction of the reception equipment requirements. This means that a robust broadcast reception is conceivable with a reduced direct-to-home (DTH) antenna size. The current interference situation at common geostationary broadcast positions dictates the spatial discrimination requirements of common direct-to-home (DTH) reception antennas. A more robust coding rate or a relaxation of the frequency coordination constraints would obviously relax the requirements on the reception front-end but only at the expense of a reduced aggregate efficiency. The use of known interference processing schemes for DTH reception has been investigated under dual reception path scenarios, see [1]. The present work extends the concept by introducing linear pre-processing (LPP) to combine coherent reception paths. These mechanisms will only be practical if the transmitted broadcast signals are compliant with established standards (ie. DVB-S [5] or DVB-S2 [4]). The maximization of the efficiency is a main objective under given reception environments. We show how multiuser detection techniques can increase efficiency and allow reduced antenna size under realistic conditions. 1
Update of Pneumococcal PCR Serotyping Assay for Detection of a Commonly Occurring Type 19F <i>wzy</i> Variant in Brazil (2013)

In this era of effective pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, simple and inexpensive methods are desirable for determining capsular serotype (st) distributions. Although a multiplexed conventional PCR (cmPCR) approach is generally reliable ([1][1][–][2][4][3]) (updates at [www.cdc.gov/ncidod/biotech/
Biochemistry and binding : activation of small molecules (2000)

26. Diversity of Reactions Catalyzed by Heme-Thiolate Proteins. 27. Oxometalloporphyrins in Oxidative Catalysis. 28. Shape-Selective Oxidation by Metalloporphyrins. 29. High-Valent Iron and Manganese Complexes of Porphyrins and Related Macrocycles. 30. High-Valent Intermediates. 31. Metalloporphyrins in Catalytic Oxidations and Oxidative DNA Cleavage. 32. Peroxidase and Cytochrome P450 Structures. 33. Binding and Activation of Nitric Oxide by Metalloporphyrins and Heme. 34. Structural Themes Determining Function in Nitric Oxide Synthases.
Effect of Alteration of the Heterocyclic Nucleus of Indolactam V on Its Isoform Selectivity for PKC. Palladium-Catalyzed Route to Benzofuran Analogs of ILV (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Alteration of the Heterocyclic Nucleus of Indolactam V on Its Isoform Selectivity for PKC. Palladium-Catalyzed Route to Benzofuran Analogs of ILVAlan P. Kozikowski, Dawei Ma, Linh Du, Nancy E. Lewin, and Peter M. BlumbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 25, 6666–6672Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00130a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00130a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views716Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Assessment of Cardiac Contractility (1971)

It was considered that the relationship between dp/dt and simultaneously developed pressure during the course of isovolumic contraction might afford a more accurate measure of contractility than the maximum rate of intraventricular pressure rise (peak dp/dt). In six cat papillary muscles contracting isometrically from any given preload, the ratio of the rate of tension development (dT/dt) to simultaneously occurring isometric tension always varied directly with the contractile state. This ratio rose slightly as preload was increased, but it was not affected by changes in afterload. In 17 experiments in an intact canine heart preparation in which left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was constant, dp/dt at any given pressure during isovolumetric contraction again was observed to be a function of the contractile state when the latter was enhanced by norepinephrine and acetylstrophanthidin. High-fidelity left ventricular pressures and dp/dt were recorded throughout isovolumic contraction in eight patients. Isoproterenol and exercise raised the level of dp/dt at any given pressure prior to ejection. Interventions known to alter ventricular loading but not to influence the contractile state, such as elevation of ventricular end-diastolic pressure by leg raising and increases in aortic pressure induced by methoxamine, did not influence this relation significantly. In conclusion, the determination of dp/dt and intraventricular pressure throughout isovolumic contraction in the presence of variable arterial pressure and small changes of preload provides a useful, simple, and experimentally verified approach to the assessment of alterations of the contractile state of the heart in intact man.
3D QSAR of Aminophenyl Benzamide Derivatives as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (2010)

The article describes the development of a robust pharmacophore model and the investigation of structure activity relationship analysis of 48 aminophenyl benzamide derivatives reported for Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition using PHASE module of Schrodinger software. A five point pharmacophore model consisting of two aromatic rings (R), two hydrogen bond donors (D) and one hydrogen bond acceptor (A) with discrete geometries as pharmacophoric features was developed and the generated pharmacophore model was used to derive a predictive atom-based 3D QSAR model for the studied dataset. The obtained 3D QSAR model has an excellent correlation coefficient value (r(2)=0.99) along with good statistical significance as shown by high Fisher ratio (F=631.80). The model also exhibits good predictive power confirmed by the high value of cross validated correlation coefficient (q(2) = 0.85). The QSAR model suggests that hydrophobic character is crucial for the HDAC inhibitory activity exhibited by these compounds and inclusion of hydrophobic substituents will enhance the HDAC inhibition. In addition to the hydrophobic character, hydrogen bond donating groups positively contributes to the HDAC inhibition whereas electron withdrawing groups has a negative influence in HDAC inhibitory potency. The findings of the QSAR study provide a set of guidelines for designing compounds with better HDAC inhibitory potency.
Current Management of Fecal Incontinence (2013)

The treatment algorithm for fecal incontinence will continue to evolve as additional data become available on newer technologies.
A New Laparoscopic Tool With In-Hand Rolling Capabilities for Needle Reorientation (2018)

In laparoscopic minimally invasive robotic surgery, a teleoperated robot is interposed between the patient and the surgeon. Despite the robot aid, the manipulation capabilities of surgical instruments are far from those of the human hand. In this letter, we want to make a step forward toward robotic solutions that can improve manipulation capabilities of the surgical instruments. A new concept of needle-driver tool is presented, which takes inspiration from the human hand model. The idea is to modify a standard laparoscopic tool by introducing an additional degree of freedom, which allows in-hand reorientation of the suturing needle. A 3D printed prototype has been built to validate the tool design. The improved manipulation capabilities have been assessed quantitatively by evaluating a weighted dexterity index along a single stitch trajectory. Moreover, a comparison between our tool and a standard needle driver has been done in terms of time required for the execution of a complete suturing sequence.
Digital cartographic data standards: the U.S. experience (1988)

Since 1982 a national committee in the United States composed of members from private industry, government, and academia have been systematically developing a Standard for Digital Cartographic Data. A parallel effort solely within the U.S. Federal Government has been underway since 1985. During 1987 a task force has brought the two efforts together and published a proposed standard. The standard consists of (1) a section on definitions of terms, (2) a spatial data transfer specification, (3) a statement of quality, and (4) a list of cartographic entities (features) and attributes. A two-phase test is underway, which will continue through September 1988. The standard will be submitted for acceptance by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards in January 1989.
Concurrent thermal and electrical modeling of sub-micrometer silicon devices (1996)

High electric fields, that are characteristic of sub-micron devices, produce highly energetic electrons, lack of equilibrium between electrons, optical phonons, and acoustic phonons, and high rates of heat generation. A simple coupled thermal and electrical model is developed for sub-micron silicon semiconductor devices consisting of the hydrodynamic equations for electron transport and energy conservation equations for different phonon modes. An electron Reynolds number is proposed and used to simplify the electron momentum equation. On a case study of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with 0.24 μm gate length, the calculated transconductance of 0.175 1/Ω m agreed well with measured value of 0.180 1/Ω m at 2 V drain voltage. The maximum electron temperature is found to occur under the drain side of the gate where the electric field is the highest. Comparison with experimental data shows the predictions of optical and acoustic phonon temperature distributions to have the correct trend and the observed asymmetric behavior. Increase in substrate boundary temperature by 100 °C reduces the drain current by 17% and decreases the maximum electron temperature by 8%. The first effect increases device delay and the second effect decreases the possibility of device degradation by charge trapping in the gate oxide.
Third harmonic generation in graphene and few-layer graphite films (2013)

We observe optical third harmonic generation from graphene and few-layer graphite flakes produced by exfoliation. The emission scales with the cube of the intensity of the incident near-infrared femtosecond pulses and has a wavelength that is one-third of the incident wavelength, both consistent with third harmonic generation. We extract an effective third-order susceptibility for graphene that is on the order of 10${}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ m${}^{2}$/V${}^{2}$, which is comparable to that for materials that are resonantly excited, but larger than for materials that are transparent at the fundamental and third harmonic wavelengths.
Proteogenomics of<i>Pristionchus pacificus</i>reveals distinct proteome structure of nematode models (2010)

Pristionchus pacificus is a nematode model organism whose genome has recently been sequenced. To refine the genome annotation we performed transcriptome and proteome analysis and gathered comprehensive experimental information on gene expression. Transcriptome analysis on a 454 Life Sciences (Roche) FLX platform generated >700,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from two normalized EST libraries, whereas proteome analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer detected >27,000 nonredundant peptide sequences from more than 4000 proteins at sub-parts-per-million (ppm) mass accuracy and a false discovery rate of <1%. Retraining of the SNAP gene prediction algorithm using the gene expression data led to a decrease in the number of previously predicted protein-coding genes from 29,000 to 24,000 and refinement of numerous gene models. The P. pacificus proteome contains a high proportion of small proteins with no known homologs in other species ("pioneer" proteins). Some of these proteins appear to be products of highly homologous genes, pointing to their common origin. We show that >50% of all pioneer genes are transcribed under standard culture conditions and that pioneer proteins significantly contribute to a unimodal distribution of predicted protein sizes in P. pacificus, which has an unusually low median size of 240 amino acids (26.8 kDa). In contrast, the predicted proteome of Caenorhabditis elegans follows a distinct bimodal protein size distribution, with significant functional differences between small and large protein populations. Combined, these results provide the first catalog of the expressed genome of P. pacificus, refinement of its genome annotation, and the first comparison of related nematode models at the proteome level.
Method for Coding Data on Microbial Strains for Computers (Edition AB) (1971)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Hall effect control of magnetotail dawn‐dusk asymmetry: A three‐dimensional global hybrid simulation (2016)

Abstract Magnetotail reconnection and related phenomena (e.g., flux ropes, dipolarizing flux bundles, flow bursts, and particle injections) occur more frequently on the duskside than on the dawnside. Because this asymmetry can directly result in dawn‐dusk asymmetric space weather effects, uncovering its physical origin is important for better understanding, modeling, and prediction of the space weather phenomena. However, the cause of this pervasive asymmetry is unclear. Using three‐dimensional global hybrid simulations, we demonstrate that the Hall physics in the magnetotail current sheet is responsible for the asymmetry. The current sheet thins progressively under enhanced global convection; when its thickness reaches ion kinetic scales, some ions are decoupled from the magnetized electrons (the Hall effect). The resultant Hall electric field E z is directed toward the neutral plane. The Hall effect is stronger (grows faster) on the duskside; i.e., more ions become unmagnetized there and do not comove with the magnetized dawnward E z × B x drifting electrons, thus creating a larger additional cross‐tail current intensity j y (in addition to the diamagnetic current) on the duskside, compared to the dawnside. The stronger Hall effect strength on the duskside is controlled by the higher ion temperature, thinner current sheet, and smaller normal magnetic field B z there. These asymmetric current sheet properties are in turn controlled by two competing processes that correspond to the Hall effect: (1) the dawnward E × B drift of the magnetic flux and magnetized ions and electrons and (2) the transient motion of the unmagnetized ions which do not execute E × B drift.
Macintosh based space telemetry data acquisition system (2003)

The general architecture and functionality of the MacTAC (Macintosh II based telemetry and command) system, including the individual telemetry modules, the various input-output interfaces, and the flexible user interface are described. This system performs telemetry data processing functions including frame synchronization, Reed-Solomon decoding, and packet reassembly at moderate data rates of up to 5 Mb/s sustained (20 Mb/s burst). The MacTAC is an easy-to-use, low-cost, transportable system designed to meet requirements specified by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, while remaining flexible enough to support a wide variety of other space data processing requirements (e.g., time-division multiplexed data). In addition, the MacTAC can generate forward (uplink) data such as spacecraft commands, calculate and append a CRC, and output the data to NASCOM (NASA's ground communication network) to provide full telemetry and command capability. Semicustom VLSI gate arrays perform many of the return link (telemetry) functions of NASCOM deblocking, correlation, and frame synchronization. Reed-Solomon decoding and source packet reassembly are performed by modern microprocessor and semicustom VLSI components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 5.58 nW Crystal Oscillator Using Pulsed Driver for Real-Time Clocks (2016)

A 5.58 nW real-time clock using a crystal oscillator is presented. In this circuit, the amplifier used in a traditional circuit is replaced with pulsed drivers. The pulse is generated with precise timing using a DLL. With this approach, an extremely low oscillation amplitude of 160 mV results in low-power operation. This low-amplitude oscillation is sustained robustly using additional supply voltages: a lower supply for the final drive stage and a higher supply used for pulses that drive the final drive stage, which ensures low ON-resistance necessary for reliable operation. The different supply levels are generated on-chip by a switched capacitor network (SCN) from a single supply. The circuit has been tested at different supply voltages and temperatures. It shows a minimum power consumption of 5.58 nW and power supply sensitivity of 30.3 ppm/V over supply voltage of 0.94-1.2 V, without degrading the crystal's temperature dependency: between -20 °C and 80 °C. Moreover, its performance as a real-time clock has been verified by measurement of an Allan deviation of 1.16 × 10-8.
Piezoelectric cantilever microphone for photoacoustic gas detector (2001)

Abstract New micromachined pressure sensors based on PZT coated silicon cantilevers have been fabricated and integrated in a photoacoustic gas detector. PZT Sol-gel thin films texture and composition were optimized with respect to the transverse piezoelectric coefficient e31,f. A best value of -12 C/m2 was obtained with (100)/(001) textured thin films at the MPB composition. Optimum stress compensation between the different layers composing the cantilever has been studied in order to yield flat cantilevers. A high response of 150 mV/Pa with a S/N of 700 at 1 Pa and 1 Hz bandwidth has been measured. The influence of the damping chamber under the cantilever is also reported.
Buckwheat Transformed with cDNA of a Rice MADS Box Gene Is Stimulated in Branching. (2000)

Apical meristems of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum var. Shinano No. 1) seedlings were transformed by inoculation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a binary vector containing cDNA of a rice MADS box gene (accession No. (DDBJ) AB003325) in either a sense or an antisense orientation downstream of CaMV35S promoter, The plants transformed (T0) with the cDNA in both orientations showed unique features; the plants transformed with the cDNA in a sense orientation were stimulated in branching, producing many branches, while the plants transformed with the cDNA in antisense orientation were inhibited in both branching and growth. The progenies (T1 plants) of both transformed plants inherited the nature of the respective T0 plant. The analyses using the Southern blot hybridization and PCR revealed that a single copy of the cDNA was integrated in the genomes of T1 plants in sense and antisense orientations, respectively.