gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth and characterization of AlGaNP on GaP(100) substrates (2006)

We describe epitaxial growth of GaNP, AlNP, and AlGaNP with low nitrogen concentration (&lt;5%) on GaP (100) substrates. Using a thermodynamic approach, we explain the difference between nitrogen incorporation into GaP and AlP. We demonstrate and explain peculiarities of AlGaNP quaternary alloy growth: Dependence of nitrogen concentration on Al composition and dependence of crystal quality on Al composition.
A Seismometer with a Water Well as a Sensing Element (1972)

An electronic seismometer designed to use a water well as the sensing element is described. Circuit principles and details are given and examples of the chart record are shown.
Evaluation of Rotor Conducting Screens on the Single-Phase Switched Reluctance Machine (2005)

The single-phase switched reluctance machine has a simple and robust construction and is suitable for high-speed operation. Torque production is a function of the difference between the aligned and unaligned inductance, and increasing this difference theoretically will increase the torque. In this article, conducting screens are incorporated into the rotor of a prototype 2/2 single-phase switched reluctance motor. The effect of the conducting screens on current response, flux linkage, and output torque is evaluated using finite element analysis and validated experimentally. At fixed current conduction angles, conducting screens improve the rate of change of inductance at low speed, and enhance performance at high speed when the machine operates in the single voltage pulse mode. The conducting screens have a negative effect on the output torque when using optimal commutation angles. Reasons for this phenomenon are given.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the chiral herbicide: (<i>S</i>)-metolachlor (2006)

A chemoenzymatic approach for the production of (S)-metolachlor, one of the most widely used herbicides, has been developed. The starting material (S)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)alanine was obtained by the use of lipase-catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution. Under the optimal conditions, the good activity and excellent enantioselectivity of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL-B,E > 100) are achieved in diethyl ether – water (15% v/v), which is about 9.7-fold more enantioselective than that in a pure buffered aqueous solution (E = 12.1). After a simple extraction procedure is used to separate the acid product from the remaining ester, the remaining ester is racemized, providing the basis for the continuous resolution process. Then (S)-metolachlor is synthesized by a simple chemical method using the enantiomerically pure (S)-acid.Key words: (S)-metolachlor, herbicide, CAL-B, (S)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)alanine, resolution.
Alkaline earths as main group reagents in molecular catalysis (2016)

The past decade has witnessed some remarkable advances in our appreciation of the structural and reaction chemistry of the heavier alkaline earth (Ae = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) elements. Derived from complexes of these metals in their immutable +2 oxidation state, a broad and widely applicable catalytic chemistry has also emerged, driven by considerations of cost and inherent low toxicity. The considerable adjustments incurred to ionic radius and resultant cation charge density also provide reactivity with significant mechanistic and kinetic variability as group 2 is descended. In an attempt to place these advances in the broader context of contemporary main group element chemistry, this review focusses on the developing state of the art in both multiple bond heterofunctionalisation and cross coupling catalysis. We review specific advances in alkene and alkyne hydroamination and hydrophosphination catalysis and related extensions of this reactivity that allow the synthesis of a wide variety of acyclic and heterocyclic small molecules. The use of heavier alkaline earth hydride derivatives as pre-catalysts and intermediates in multiple bond hydrogenation, hydrosilylation and hydroboration is also described along with the emergence of these and related reagents in a variety of dehydrocoupling processes that allow that facile catalytic construction of Si-C, Si-N and B-N bonds.
Factores socioeconómicos relacionados con la producción de palmito en Costa Rica. Implicaciones para el manejo integral de nutrimentos (2002)

Los resultados que se discute en el presente documento resumen lo encontrado en 3 evaluaciones del proyecto SM-CRSP (Soil Management-Collaborative Research Support Program) durante los 5 años de duración del mismo, un taller de trabajo con técnicos y agricultores, así como la validación de la metodología desarrollada en el proyecto a nivel de fincas. Los principales resultados encontrados fueron los siguientes: a) el cultivo está pasando por una crisis de precios internacionales que afecta las prácticas de manejo; b) se está buscando alternativas de producción que permitan hacer más competitivo el sistema de producción; c) la mayoría de los problemas de producción del cultivo ya están parcialmente resueltos, aunque se requiere aún de más apoyo técnico para mejorarlos; d) los resultados generados en el presente proyecto son útiles para los productores y técnicos encargados del cultivo y ya están siendo implementados.
Kinetic studies on the interaction of streptokinase and other plasminogen activators with plasminogen and fibrin (1985)

The activation of Lys-plasminogen to plasmin by streptokinase was promoted by soluble fibrin such that Km was decreased and Vmax. increased. Enhancement was also observed when Glu-plasminogen was the substrate and was shared by the preformed streptokinase-plasminogen activator complex, indicating that the stimulation was not exerted primarily on the rate of active site formation.
High-resolution three-dimensional T2-weighted sequence for neuronavigation: a new setup and clinical trial (2005)

Three-dimensional TSE imaging broadens the spectrum of navigational and intraoperative data sets, especially for lesions that appear hyperintense on T2-weighted images. The accuracy of its registration is very reliable and it enables high-resolution reconstruction in any orientation, maintaining the advantages of image-guided surgery.
Mechanism of drug-induced lupus. I. Cloned Th2 cells modified with DNA methylation inhibitors in vitro cause autoimmunity in vivo. (1995)

Treating activated CD4+ T cells with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors modifies gene expression and induces autoreactivity. Adoptive transfer of viable polyclonal autoreactive cells causes a lupus-like disease, most likely because of one or more effector functions expressed by the autoreactive cells. However, the number of potential effector mechanisms expressed by polyclonal cells is large. To more readily identify responsible mechanisms, we asked if autoimmunity can be induced by using the conalbumin-reactive, cloned Th2 cell line D10.G4.1, treated with 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) or procainamide (Pca). Treated, but not untreated, cells responded to syngeneic APCs without Ag, overexpressed LFA-1, spontaneously lysed syngeneic macrophages, and secreted relatively large amounts of IL-6, small amounts of IL-4, and no detectable IL-2 nor IFN-gamma. Adoptive transfer of treated, but not untreated, cells induced a severe immune complex glomerulonephritis, pulmonary alveolitis, central nervous system abnormalities including fibrinoid necrosis, karyorrhexis, and meningitis, and bile duct proliferation with periportal inflammatory cell infiltration resembling primary biliary cirrhosis. Anti-ssDNA, anti-dsDNA, and anti-histone Abs were also found. These experiments demonstrate that modification of this cloned T cell line with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors is sufficient to cause an autoimmune disease, with features of lupus as well as autoimmune liver disease. The results also raise the possibility that macrophage lysis, IL-6 secretion, and LFA-1 overexpression could contribute to the disease process. This system may be useful in testing the role of these and other pathologic mechanisms in the development of specific autoimmune lesions.
Round-Efficient Broadcast Authentication Protocols for Fixed Topology Classes (2010)

We consider resource-constrained broadcast authentication for n receivers in a static, known network topology. There are only two known broadcast authentication protocols that do not use asymmetric cryptography, one-time signatures, multi-receiver MACs, or time synchronization. Both these protocols require three passes of a message front traversing the network. We investigate whether this amount of interaction can be improved efficiently for specific common topology classes, namely, linear topologies, tree topologies and fully connected topologies. We show modifications to the protocols allowing them to complete in just two passes in the linear and fully connected cases with a small constant factor increase in per-node communication overhead, and a further optimization that achieves the equivalent of just a single pass in the linear case with O(log n) increase in per-node communication overhead. We also prove new lower bounds for round complexity, or the maximum number of consecutive interactions in a protocol. We show that protocols with efficient per-node communication overhead (polylogarithmic in n) must require at least 2 log n rounds in any topology; this implies that our two-pass protocol in the fully-connected topology requires the fewest possible passes, and this bound is asymptotically tight for the full-duplex communication model. Furthermore, we show that communication-efficient protocols must take asymptotically more than 2 log n rounds on trees; this implies that that there are some tree topologies for which two passes do not suffice and the existing three-pass algorithms may be optimal.
Novel pH‐sensitive paramagnetic liposomes with improved MR properties (2004)

The use of paramagnetic pH-sensitive liposomes was recently suggested as a new approach for monitoring pathologic changes in pH by MRI. Such liposomes must be stable in blood and selectively release the encapsulated paramagnetic agent when exposed to lower pH in the target tissue. In the present study, different liposomal systems were formulated and characterized by relaxometry, cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and MRI. The pH-sensitive system dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine/palmitic acid (DPPE/PA) liposomal GdDTPA-BMA, which was previously shown to be unstable in blood, was modified to improve its stability. The incorporation of cholesterol into the DPPE/PA liposomes significantly increased their stability in blood, but the pH sensitivity was diminished. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified DPPE/PA liposomes were pH-insensitive in buffer, and unstable in blood. However, exchanging PA with the double-chained amphiphile dipalmitoylglycerosuccinate (DPSG) yielded liposomes with improved properties. DPPE/DPSG liposomal GdDTPA-BMA was stable in blood at physiological pH, and displayed a marked pH sensitivity. The pH sensitivity was not diminished after preincubation in blood, contrary to what has been reported for analogues containing unsaturated lipids. The potential of this system for monitoring pH was demonstrated in an in vitro MRI phantom study.
Design of a dielectric flat lens antenna for 60 GHz WPAN applications (2013)

In this paper we present the design of a dielectric flat lens antenna to operate in the 60 GHz band for WPAN applications. In order to overcome the specific atmospheric attenuation, which characterizes the propagation in the 60 GHz band, high directive antennas are required. Moreover, due to high user random mobility in indoor environments, beam-steerable antennas are also needed. For these reasons, we propose a design based on a dielectric flat lens antenna with scanning capabilities from -30° to +30° with around 20 dB of gain in the whole entire band of interest (57 to 66 GHz), and up to ±60° of beam-steering capabilities with around 15 dB of gain. The dielectric flat lens also leads to low-profile antenna configuration, easy to manufacture and low-cost, in order to integrate the design together with a commercial RF CMOS chip.
Acidizing Sandstone Reservoirs Using HF and Formic Acids (2012)

Abstract Mud acid, which is composed of HCl and HF, is commonly used to remove the formation damage in sandstone reservoirs. However, many problems are associated with HCl acid, especially at high temperatures. In this study, formic acid was used to remove carbonate minerals as a preflush and with the main HF stage. A series of formic acid and HF mixtures with different ratios and concentrations were tested. Sandstone cores featured by different minerologies with dimensions of 1.5 in. x 6 in. were used in the coreflood experiments, which were run at a flow rate of 5 cm3/min and temperatures from 77 to 350°F. The cores were analyzed by CT scan before and after the acidizing to investigate the effect of the acid. The core effluent samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Si, and Al by ICP. 19F NMR was utilized to follow the reaction kinetics and products. Zeta potentials of clay particles (kaolinite, illite, and chlorite) were measured in various acid solutions Formic acid (9 wt%) damaged sandstone cores. Zeta potential measurements indicated that formic acid can trigger fines flocculation. Addition of 5 wt% ammonium chloride helps to shield negative charges on clay surface. Analysis of core effluent samples indicated that there was CaF2 precipitate in the core when a small volume of preflush was used. Coreflood tests highlighted that formic acid/HF caused loss of core permeability. This paper will discuss the detailed chemical reactions occurred within cores and were followed by chemical analysis of core effluent samples and 19F NMR. Secondary reaction between clay minerals and HF became faster at higher temperature, and decreased the ratio of Si/Al. It was also found that different clay minerals react with HF offering very different concentrations of Al and Si in spent acid.
Low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) ridge waveguide bandpass filters (2003)

Design of generalized ridge waveguide evanescent mode bandpass filters and their transitions for LTCC application is described. The design is based on the rigorous mode-matching modeling which allows the inclusion of the higher order mode interactions. An X-band single ridge waveguide filter and its transition is simulated and successfully built in an LTCC package. The experimental results show good agreement with the theoretical results, the feasibility of 3-D filter embedding in an LTCC package, and the excellent features of the ridge waveguide filter such as compactness and low loss. The experimental results are compared to those of an LTCC inductive windows filter, showing significant advantages of smaller size and comparable loss of the ridge waveguide realization.
Pre‐surgery knee joint loading patterns during walking predict the presence and severity of anterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty (2003)

This study tested if abnormal sagittal knee joint loading patterns after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were present pre-surgery, and if patterns with higher external knee flexion moments were related to the presence and severity of post-surgery anterior knee pain. Gait analysis and clinical evaluation were performed on 34 patients (41 arthroplasties) both before and 12-18 months after TKA, and on 20 healthy age-matched controls at matched velocities. The majority of knees with abnormal flexor or extensor sagittal knee joint loading patterns post-surgery (18 of 26, 69%) also displayed these patterns pre-surgery. Knee joint loading in the early mid-stance phase of walking prior to surgery was identified by stepwise regression as a significant predictor of the presence (exp(beta)=2.9, CI: 1.2-6.8, p=0.017) and severity of post-surgery anterior knee pain (R2=0.314, p=0.019). Therefore, the frequency and severity of anterior knee pain after TKA can be partially explained by retained pre-surgery gait patterns that had higher external flexion moments in the early mid-stance phase, which place higher forces on the patellofemoral joint.
Representing local binary descriptors with BossaNova for visual recognition (2014)

Binary descriptors have recently become very popular in visual recognition tasks. This popularity is largely due to their low complexity and for presenting similar performances when compared to non binary descriptors, like SIFT. In literature, many researchers have applied binary descriptors in conjunction with mid-level representations (e.g., Bag-of-Words). However, despite these works have demonstrated promising results, their main problems are due to use of a simple mid-level representation and the use of binary descriptors in which rotation and scale invariance are missing. In order to address those problems, we propose to evaluate state-of-the-art binary descriptors, namely BRIEF, ORB, BRISK and FREAK, in a recent mid-level representation, namely BossaNova, which enriches the Bag-of-Words model, while preserving the binary descriptor information. Our experiments carried out in the challenging PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset revealed outstanding performances. Also, our approach shows good results in the challenging real-world application of pornography detection.
Excess lead in the perovskite lattice of pzt thin films made by in-situ reactive sputtering (2001)

Abstract The incorporation of up to 40 % lead excess into the perovskite lattice of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) has been investigated. Three independent chemical composition analysis methods confirmed the correct determination of the lead excess, present as Pb2O3. High resolution TEM excludes any second phases and restricts the occurrence of lead excess to the perovskite lattice, suggesting a lead oxide perovskite of the form Pb2+Pb4+O3 with a 4-valent ion on the B-site. PZT containing such lead excess is thus a solid solution of PbZrO3, PbTiO3 and PbPbO3. The measured volume increase of the lattice due to a larger average B-ion matches very well with the calculated behavior based on standard ion radii and the B-ion radius dependence of the unit cell dimensions of PZT crystals. Structure factors as determined from Synchrotron X-ray diffraction are much better compatible with the B-site lead model than with the standard PZT ion lattice.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Metal Complexes. Part 70. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Cyclic Ketimines Catalyzed by Iridium(I)‐ Complexes of BCPM and Its Analogue. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
YOU CAN'T MANAGE WHAT YOU CAN'T MEASURE (2000)

Railroads and car owners are using fault detection systems to protect their investments by identifying early such developing faults as wheel wear, changes in oil/hydraulic pressure, and temperature shifts in refrigerated containers. The aim is to reduce derailments, costly repairs, and lading damage. This article provides information on some of the new, sophisticated fault detection systems available today.
Scheduling of transactions for system-level test-case generation (2004)

We present a methodology for scheduling system-level transactions generated by a test-case generator. A system, in this context, may be composed of multiple processors, busses, bus-bridges, memories, etc. The methodology is based on an exploration of scheduling abilities in a hardware system. In its focus is a language for specifying transactions and their ordering. Through the use of hierarchy, the language provides the possibility of applying high-level scheduling requests. The methodology is realized in X-Gen, a system-level test-case generator used in IBM. The model and algorithm used by this tool are also discussed.
The Role of Venous Return in Critical Illness and Shock—Part I (2012)

An improved understanding of the role of the venous system in health and disease will allow intensivists to better appreciate the complex circulatory physiology of shock and may allow for better hemodynamic management of this disorder.
The Aβ 3-Pyroglutamyl and 11-Pyroglutamyl Peptides Found in Senile Plaque Have Greater β-Sheet Forming and Aggregation Propensities in Vitro than Full-Length Aβ (1999)

A beta isolated from neuritic plaque and vascular walls of the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease has been shown to contain significant quantities of A beta peptides which begin at residue 3Glu or 11Glu in the form of pyroglutamyl residues (A beta 3pE and A beta 11pE). To investigate the effects of these N-terminal modifications on the biophysical properties of A beta, peptides A beta 1-40, A beta 3pE-40, A beta 11pE-40, A beta 1-28, A beta 3pE-28, and A beta 11pE-28 were synthesized. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy, we determined that the pyroglutamyl-containing peptides form beta-sheet structure more readily than the corresponding full-length A beta peptides, both in aqueous solutions and in 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles. Trifluoroethanol spectra indicated that the relative beta-sheet to alpha-helical stability is higher for the pyroglutamyl-containing peptides. Sedimentation experiments show that the pyroglutamyl-containing peptides have greater aggregation propensities than the corresponding full-length peptides. Comparison between the A beta 40 and the A beta 28 series indicated that the greater beta-sheet forming and aggregation propensities of the pyroglutamyl peptides are not simply due to an increase in hydrophobicity.
Design Optimization of Mixed-Criticality Real-Time Applications on Cost-Constrained Partitioned Architectures (2011)

In this paper we are interested to implement mixed-criticality hard real-time applications on a given heterogeneous distributed architecture. Applications have different criticality levels, captured by their Safety-Integrity Level (SIL), and are scheduled using static-cyclic scheduling. Mixed-criticality tasks can be integrated onto the same architecture only if there is enough spatial and temporal separation among them. We consider that the separation is provided by partitioning, such that applications run in separate partitions, and each partition is allocated several time slots on a processor. Tasks of different SILs can share a partition only if they are all elevated to the highest SIL among them. Such elevation leads to increased development costs. We are interested to determine (i) the mapping of tasks to processors, (ii) the assignment of tasks to partitions, (iii) the sequence and size of the time slots on each processor and (iv) the schedule tables, such that all the applications are schedulable and the development costs are minimized. We have proposed a Tabu Search-based approach to solve this optimization problem. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated using several synthetic and real-life benchmarks.