gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robot hand-eye coordination: shape description and grasping (2003)

The successful execution of grasps by a robot hand requires a translation of visual information into control signals to the hand which produce the desired spatial orientation and preshape for an arbitrary object. An approach to this problem, based on separation of the task into two modules, is presented. A vision module is used to transform an image into a volumetric shape description using generalized cones. The data structure containing this geometric information becomes an input to the grasping module, which obtains a list of feasible grasp modes and a set of control signals for the robot hand. Various features of both modules are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic surgical tools for penetrating flexible tissues (1995)

Describes techniques developed at the authors' institute for controlling penetrating tools in non-rigid tissues. Two procedures are referenced to illustrate the approach. These procedures describe force characteristics and schemes for identifying critical states, and strategies for control. The authors consider: controlling tool penetration for microdrilling a stapedetomy; other procedures involving non-rigid tissues.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lineage Specific Methylation of the <i>Elf5</i> Promoter in Mammary Epithelial Cells (2011)

Recent characterization of mammary stem and progenitor cells has improved our understanding of the transcriptional network that coordinates mammary development; however, little is known about the mechanisms that enforce lineage commitment and prevent transdifferentiation in the mammary gland. The E-twenty six transcription factor Elf5 forces the differentiation of mammary luminal progenitor cells to establish the milk producing alveolar lineage. Methylation of the Elf5 promoter has been proposed to act as a lineage gatekeeper during embryonic development. We used bisulphite sequencing to investigate in detail whether Elf5 promoter methylation plays a role in lineage commitment during mammary development. An increase in Elf5 expression was associated with decreasing Elf5 promoter methylation in differentiating HC11 mammary cells. Similarly, purified mammary epithelial cells from mice had increased Elf5 expression and decreased promoter methylation during pregnancy. Finally, analysis of epithelial subpopulations revealed that the Elf5 promoter is methylated and silenced in the basal, stem cell-containing population relative to luminal cells. These results demonstrate that Elf5 promoter methylation is lineage-specific and developmentally regulated in the mammary gland in vivo, and suggest that loss of Elf5 methylation specifies the mammary luminal lineage, while continued Elf5 methylation maintains the stem cell and myoepithelial lineages.
On the Explosiveness and Destructiveness of the 1918 Epidemic (1936)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Implant neck configurations for preservation of marginal bone level: a systematic review. (2011)

The current literature provides insufficient evidence about the effectiveness of different implant neck configurations in the preservation of marginal bone. Long-term randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to elucidate the effects of such modifications.
Smartphone-based remote 3D interaction for digital heritage applications (2015)

In this paper, we explore the use of smartphones as remote 3D interaction devices for digital heritage applications. We present a set of single-handed interaction techniques by combining the modern 3D sensing capabilities of these devices with touch-screen inputs, covering the basic 3D manipulation tasks in an intuitive and ergonomic way. A 3D gallery prototype has been developed, and all the proposed techniques have been integrated in an Android application to remotely interact with the gallery through a normal WiFi connection.
<title>Application of the edge-lit format to holographic stereograms</title> (1991)

The edge-lit display format has been successfully applied to holographic stereograms. Taking advantage of the discrete nature of the information content of stereograms, the three-step production process of edge-lit rainbow holograms has been reduced to a two-step process for edge-lit holographic stereograms. Design improvements have been made to the edge-lit hologram's recording tank. The image distortion resulting from refraction as the object beam transits the air-tank interface in the final recording stage has been investigated and compensation techniques developed.
Behavioral responses to dynamic ridesharing services - The case of taxi-sharing project in Taipei (2008)

A field trial of dynamic taxi-sharing services based on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies has been conducted in Taipei Nei-Hu Science and Technology Park. This paper gives an overview of the dynamic taxi-sharing system, presents a research framework to explore the internal and external factors affecting the customer's acceptance with taxi-sharing services by using multivariate analysis methods, describes the empirical results of the field trial and provides valuable implications to better taxi-sharing services in the future.
Preparation and functionality of clay-containing films (2011)

This article provides an insight into state-of-the-art advances in the preparation and functionalization of clay-containing thin films. Layered clay minerals and their synthetic counterparts such as cationic montmorillonite, saponite, laponite and anionic layered double hydroxides are often used as main components or functional fillers in the hybrid films. Strategic assembly of clay minerals or layered double hydroxides with functional molecules has led to a variety of nanostructured clay-containing hybrid films. Frequently used approaches are the solvent casting, the spin-coating, the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly and the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) techniques. The type of clay mineral, solvent, pH, organic components and functional molecules generally play a pivotal role in the formation and structure of a desired functional film. Different processes result in differences in the thickness, surface morphology and internal structure in the resultant clay-containing films. Functional polymers, dye molecules, transition metal complexes and protein molecules and even their combination have been exploited to fabricate and functionalize clay-containing films. Many studies have suggested that the functional clay-containing films have potential applications in many areas such as catalysis, modified electrodes and optoelectronic devices, anti-corrosion and packaging materials. Finally, the prospects for the future preparation and applications of clay-containing films are discussed.
Inhibition of Wear Debris Mediated Osteolysis in a Canine Total Hip Arthroplasty Model (1997)

In this study the efficacy of an oral bisphosphonate therapy to inhibit wear debris mediated bone resorption was evaluated in a canine total hip replacement model. Adult canines were randomized to three groups (n = 8 each) with a right uncemented total hip replacement performed on each animal. Group I (control) received no particulate debris. In Groups II and III, a mixture of 1×109 particles were introduced into the proximal femoral gap intraoperatively. The particle mixture consisted of fabricated ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (mean 2.3 μm, 90% by number), titanium alloy (mean 3.1 μm, 5%), and cobalt chrome alloy (mean 0.8 μm, 5%). Group III canines additionally received oral drug therapy (5 mg once a day, alendronate sodium) which was begun on postoperative Day 7 and continued until the time of sacrifice. Post-operatively, all animals were allowed 24 weeks of full ambulation before euthanasia. Radiographs obtained preoperatively, postoperatively, and at time of sacrifice were evaluated for periprosthetic osteolysis. Interfacial tissues were examined histologically and placed in organ culture and the supernatants were assayed for prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1. One animal receiving debris (Group II) suffered a periprosthetic fracture and was sacrificed from the study. Radiographically, one of eight Group I (control) and six of seven canines from Group II (debris) had periprosthetic radiolucencies with endosteal scalloping develop. In contrast, only one of eight animals from Group III (debris + alendronate) had periprosthetic radiolucencies develop. Whereas tissues from control animals were mostly fibrous and acellular, tissues from both experimental groups had significant macrophage infiltration. Levels of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1 were elevated significantly in periprosthetic tissues from both experimental groups compared with controls. Continuous administration of alendronate effectively inhibited bone lysis for the 24-week duration of the study. This is consistent with the literature indicating that alendronate is incorporated in the mineralizing matrix making it refractory to osteoclastic resorption. This report has significant clinical implications for controlling the most common cause of implant failure.
A Comparison of Ultrasonography and Radiography in the Localization of Renal Calculi: Experimental and Operative Experience (1981)

The capabilities of radiography (mammography film) and ultrasonography (7 MHz. probe) were investigated in cadaver kidneys. Stones of varying size and composition were studied. Clinically, 11 patients then were studied with intraoperative radiography and ultrasonography. Both techniques appeared to localize calculi more than 3 mm. with high consistency in cadaver kidneys and in patients. Real-time B scan ultrasonography is a rapid and accurate technique that has the ability to identify lucent calculi. When used in association with intraoperative radiography, intraoperative ultrasonography can be a great aid in the surgical removal of renal calculi.
Targeting Histone Deacetylase 8 as a Therapeutic Approach to Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases (2016)

Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a unique class I zinc-dependent HDAC, is an emerging target in cancer and other diseases. Its substrate repertoire extends beyond histones to many nonhistone proteins. Besides being a deacetylase, HDAC8 also mediates signaling via scaffolding functions. Aberrant expression or deregulated interactions with transcription factors are critical in HDAC8-dependent cancers. Many potent HDAC8-selective inhibitors with cellular activity and anticancer effects have been reported. We present HDAC8 as a druggable target and discuss inhibitors of different chemical scaffolds with cellular effects. Furthermore, we review HDAC8 activators that revert activity of mutant enzymes. Isotype-selective HDAC8 targeting in patients with HDAC8-relevant cancers is challenging, however, is promising to avoid adverse side effects as observed with pan-HDAC inhibitors.
PCI Express multi-root switch reconfiguration during system operation (2011)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.
Enhancement of Chemical Activity in Corrugated Graphene (2009)

Simulation of the chemical activity of corrugated graphene within density functional theory predicts an enhancement of its chemical activity if the ratio of height of the corrugation (ripple) to its radius is larger than 0.07. Further growth of the curvature of the ripples results in the appearance of midgap states which leads to an additional strong increase of chemisorption energy. These results open a way for tunable functionalization of graphene; namely, depending on the curvature of the ripples, one can provide both homogeneous (for small curvatures) and spot-like (for large curvatures) functionalization.
The Pharmacodynamics of Parenteral Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors (2002)

Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists are a unique class of antiplatelet agents introduced for the management of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and those presenting with unstable angina or non-ST segment elevation (NSTE) myocardial infarction (MI), collectively recognized as acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Eptifibatide, abciximab, and tirofiban HCl are three GPIIb/IIIa antagonists approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration. Of the three agents, eptifibatide is approved for use in both PCI and NSTE ACS patient populations, whereas abciximab is indicated for patients undergoing PCI, and tirofiban is approved for patients with NSTE ACS. Dose selection for the initial trials using the three parenteral antagonists was based on in vitro and ex vivo pharmacodynamic assays conducted under different blood collection and platelet function assay conditions. Recent comparative pharmacodynamics studies, which used newly defined and standardized assay conditions, indicate that the platelet aggregation inhibition achieved with these dosing regimens is variable. Therefore, the differences in clinical efficacy as evidenced in the more recent clinical studies (e.g., Enhanced Suppression of the Platelet Receptor GPIIb/IIIa using Integrilin Therapy [ESPRIT], Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries IV Acute Coronary Syndromes [GUSTO-IV ACS], and Do Tirofiban HCl and ReoPro Give Similar Efficacy Outcomes Trial [TARGET]) may be related to the variable antiplatelet effects of the approved dose regimens.
Drawing on Air: Input Techniques for Controlled 3D Line Illustration (2007)

We present Drawing on Air, a haptic-aided input technique for drawing controlled 3D curves through space. Drawing on Air addresses a control problem with current 3D modeling approaches based on sweeping movement of the hands through the air. While artists praise the immediacy and intuitiveness of these systems, a lack of control makes it nearly impossible to create 3D form beyond quick design sketches or gesture drawings. Drawing on Air introduces two new strategies for more controlled 3D drawing: one-handed drag drawing and two-handed tape drawing. Both approaches have advantages for drawing certain types of curves. We describe a tangent preserving method for transitioning between the two techniques while drawing. Haptic-aided redrawing and line weight adjustment while drawing are also supported in both approaches. In a quantitative user study evaluation by illustrators, the one and two-handed techniques performed at roughly the same level, and both significantly outperformed freehand drawing and freehand drawing augmented with a haptic friction effect. We present the design and results of this experiment as well as user feedback from artists and 3D models created in a style of line illustration for challenging artistic and scientific subjects.
Fanconi Anemia: Causes and Consequences of Genetic Instability (2006)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare recessive disease that reflects the cellular and phenotypic consequences of genetic instability: growth retardation, congenital malformations, bone marrow failure, high risk of neoplasia, and premature aging. At the cellular level, manifestations of genetic instability include chromosomal breakage, cell cycle disturbance, and increased somatic mutation rates. FA cells are exquisitely sensitive towards oxygen and alkylating drugs such as mitomycin C or diepoxybutane, pointing to a function of FA genes in the defense against reactive oxygen species and other DNA damaging agents. FA is caused by biallelic mutations in at least 12 different genes which appear to function in the maintenance of genomic stability. Eight of the FA proteins form a nuclear core complex with a catalytic function involving ubiquitination of the central FANCD2 protein. The posttranslational modification of FANCD2 promotes its accumulation in nuclear foci, together with known DNA maintenance proteins such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and the RAD51 recombinase. Biallelic mutations in BRCA2 cause a severe FA-like phenotype, as do biallelic mutations in FANCD2. In fact, only leaky or hypomorphic mutations in this central group of FA genes appear to be compatible with life birth and survival. The newly discovered FANCJ (= BRIP1) and FANCM (= Hef ) genes correspond to known DNA-maintenance genes (helicase resp. helicase-associated endonuclease for fork-structured DNA). These genes provide the most convincing evidence to date of a direct involvement of FA genes in DNA repair functions associated with the resolution of DNA crosslinks and stalled replication forks. Even though genetic instability caused by mutational inactivation of the FANC genes has detrimental effects for the majority of FA patients, around 20% of patients appear to benefit from genetic instability since genetic instability also increases the chance of somatic reversion of their constitutional mutations. Intragenic crossover, gene conversion, back mutation and compensating mutations in cis have all been observed in revertant, and, consequently, mosaic FA-patients, leading to improved bone marrow function. There probably is no other experiment of nature in our species in which causes and consequences of genetic instability, including the role of reactive oxygen species, can be better documented and explored than in FA.
Integrating Flotation and Pyrometallurgy for Recovering Graphite and Valuable Metals from Battery Scrap (2020)

Since the current volumes of collected end-of-life lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are low, one option to increase the feasibility of their recycling is to feed them to existing metals production processes. This work presents a novel approach to integrate froth flotation as a mechanical treatment to optimize the recovery of valuable metals from LIB scrap and minimize their loss in the nickel slag cleaning process. Additionally, the conventional reducing agent in slag cleaning, namely coke, is replaced with graphite contained in the LIB waste flotation products. Using proper conditioning procedures, froth flotation was able to recover up to 81.3% Co in active materials from a Cu-Al rich feed stream. A selected froth product was used as feed for nickel slag cleaning process, and the recovery of metals from a slag (80%)–froth fraction (20%) mixture was investigated in an inert atmosphere at 1350 °C and 1400 °C at varying reduction times. The experimental conditions in combination with the graphite allowed for a very rapid reduction. After 5 min reduction time, the valuable metals Co, Ni, and Cu were found to be distributed to the iron rich metal alloy, while the remaining fraction of Mn and Al present in the froth fraction was deported in the slag.
Cycloalkanoindoles. 1. Syntheses and antiinflammatory actions of some acidic tetrahydrocarbazoles, cyclopentindoles, and cycloheptindoles (1976)

A novel series of acidic cycloalkanoindoles comprising tetrahydrocarbazole-, cyclopentindole-, and cycloheptindole-1-acetic acids has been synthesized via the Fischer indolization between a phenylhydrazine and a 1-alkyl-2-oxocycloalkaneacetic acid ester. These compounds were evaluated, orally, for their capacities to decrease estabished adjuvant arthritis in rats. The most active compound of the series was 1-ethyl-8-n-propyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole-1-acetic acid (AY-24 873),which had an ED50 of 1.1 +/- 0.2 mg/kg. AY-24 873 was also studied orally in rats for its effect on the acute inflammatory response in the carrageenin paw edema test. It was found that AY-24 873 was about ten times more active against the chromic than against the acute models of inflammation used.
Synthesis and Leishmanicidal Activity of Novel Urea, Thiourea, and Selenourea Derivatives of Diselenides (2019)

A novel series of thirty-one N-substituted urea, thiourea, and selenourea derivatives containing diphenyldiselenide entities were synthesized, fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods, and screened for their <i>in vitro</i> leishmanicidal activities. The cytotoxic activity of these derivatives was tested against <i>Leishmania infantum</i> axenic amastigotes, and selectivity was assessed in human THP-1 cells. Thirteen of the synthesized compounds showed a significant antileishmanial activity, with 50% effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) values lower than that for the reference drug miltefosine (EC<sub>50</sub>, 2.84 μM). In addition, the derivatives 9, 11, 42, and 47, with EC<sub>50</sub> between 1.1 and 1.95 μM, also displayed excellent selectivity (selectivity index ranged from 12.4 to 22.7) and were tested against infected macrophages. Compound 11, a derivative with a cyclohexyl chain, exhibited the highest activity against intracellular amastigotes, with EC<sub>50</sub> values similar to those observed for the standard drug edelfosine. Structure-activity relationship analyses revealed that N-aliphatic substitution in urea and selenourea is recommended for the leishmanicidal activity of these analogs. Preliminary studies of the mechanism of action for the hit compounds was carried out by measuring their ability to inhibit trypanothione reductase. Even though the obtained results suggest that this enzyme is not the target for most of these derivatives, their activity comparable to that of the standards and lack of toxicity in THP-1 cells highlight the potential of these compounds to be optimized for leishmaniasis treatment.
Isolated primate primordial follicles require a rigid physical environment to survive and grow in vitro (2012)

By mimicking the rigid ovarian environment through the use of biomaterials, we have established conditions that support primordial follicle culture. These results lay the foundations for studying the basic biology of primordial follicles in a controlled environment and for using primordial follicles for fertility preservation methods.