gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P2X<sub>7</sub> receptors on microglial cells mediate injury to cortical neurons in vitro (2006)

The P2X(7) receptor has been implicated in the release of cytokines and in the induction of cell death, and is up-regulated in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Using cocultures of rat cortical neurons and microglia, we show that ATP and the more potent P2X(7) agonist benzoylbenzoyl-ATP (BzATP) cause neuronal cell injury. The deleterious effects of BzATP-treated microglia were prevented by nonselective P2X antagonists (PPADS and oxidized ATP) and by the more selective P2X(7) antagonist Brilliant Blue G. Similar concentrations of BzATP caused release of superoxide and nitric oxide from isolated microglia, and neuronal cell injury was attenuated by a superoxide dismutase mimetic and by a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, suggesting a role for reactive oxide species. Cocultures composed of wild-type cortical neurons, and microglia from P2X(7) receptor-deficient mice failed to exhibit neuronal cell injury in the presence of BzATP, but retained sensitivity to injury when microglia were derived from genotypically matched normal (P2X(7) (+/+) mice), thereby establishing P2X(7) involvement in the injury process. P2X(7) receptor activation on microglia thus appears necessary for microglial-mediated injury of neurons, and proposes that targeting P2X(7) receptors may constitute a novel approach for the treatment of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders where a microglial component is evident.
Applying direction finding algorithms for obtaining processing gains in OFDM system with multiple receiving antennas (2004)

In this paper, the error probability performance of an OFDM system with multiple receiving antennas in a frequency selective fading channel is presented. In the receiving system, we use the adaptive direction of arrival (DOA) algorithm, MUSIC, to track each user's location. According to the DOA information, the antenna array creates a directive beam pattern to each user. Then, the received user's signal can get an additional antenna processing gain to beat frequency selective fading impairment and other direction interferences. By utilizing multiple antennas in the OFDM system, as shown in the simulation results, the error probability performance could be sufficient to improve even a DOA estimation with several degrees of error.
Cancer risks associated with external radiation from diagnostic imaging procedures (2012)

The 600% increase in medical radiation exposure to the US population since 1980 has provided immense benefit, but increased potential future cancer risks to patients. Most of the increase is from diagnostic radiologic procedures. The objectives of this review are to summarize epidemiologic data on cancer risks associated with diagnostic procedures, describe how exposures from recent diagnostic procedures relate to radiation levels linked with cancer occurrence, and propose a framework of strategies to reduce radiation from diagnostic imaging in patients. We briefly review radiation dose definitions, mechanisms of radiation carcinogenesis, key epidemiologic studies of medical and other radiation sources and cancer risks, and dose trends from diagnostic procedures. We describe cancer risks from experimental studies, future projected risks from current imaging procedures, and the potential for higher risks in genetically susceptible populations. To reduce future projected cancers from diagnostic procedures, we advocate the widespread use of evidence-based appropriateness criteria for decisions about imaging procedures; oversight of equipment to deliver reliably the minimum radiation required to attain clinical objectives; development of electronic lifetime records of imaging procedures for patients and their physicians; and commitment by medical training programs, professional societies, and radiation protection organizations to educate all stakeholders in reducing radiation from diagnostic procedures.
Rapid and PCR-free DNA Detection by Nanoaggregation-Enhanced Chemiluminescence (2017)

The aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is known to induce an enhancement of localized surface plasmon resonance due to the coupling of plasmonic fields of adjacent nanoparticles. Here we show that AuNPs aggregation also causes a significant enhancement of chemiluminescence in the presence of luminophores. The phenomenon is used to introduce a rapid and sensitive DNA detection method that does not require amplification. DNA probes conjugated to AuNPs were used to detect a DNA target sequence specific to the fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum, causal agent of oak wilt. The hybridization of the DNA target with the DNA probes results in instantaneous aggregation of AuNPs into nanoballs, leading to a significant enhancement of luminol chemiluminescence. The enhancement reveals a linear correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.98) to the target DNA concentration, with a limit of detection down to 260 fM (260 × 10<sup>-15</sup> M), two orders of magnitude higher than the performance obtained with plasmonic colorimetry and absorption spectrometry of single gold nanoparticles. Furthermore, the detection can be performed within 22 min using only a portable luminometer.
Adaptive CSMA for Scalable Network Capacity in High-Density WLAN: A Hardware Prototyping Approach (2006)

Fast proliferation of 802.11 devices has led to the emergence of High-Density WLAN where 100s-1000s clients being serviced by 10s-100s of APs in a multi-cell environment. Scalable network capacity becomes a primary design challenge. In this paper, we investigate the impact of hidden/exposed terminal and the lack of capture effect on today's 802.11 devices on network throughput. We argue that the CSMA/CA parameters in 802.11 MAC protocol need to be adaptive to the changing network topology, traffic and interference. We propose a combination of Receiving-Sensitivity adaptation to reduce stronger-last collision and a Clear-Channel-Assessment adaptation to balance the hidden/exposed terminal problems. We take a hardware-centric approach to modify the 802.11 MAC protocol and prototype adaptation algorithms on Intel Centrino TM laptops. We demonstrate through testbed measure- ment that Receiving-Signal-Strength-Indicator and Packet-Error- Rate are effective and readily available metric on today's 802.11 hardware for the two adaptation algorithms. Our results show that the adaptation algorithms are able to react to the changing network environment and quickly converge to the new optimal value setting. Up to 300% throughput increase has been observed with the adaptation algorithms.
A variational Bayesian mixture modelling framework for cluster analysis of gene-expression data (2005)

MOTIVATION: Accurate subcategorization of tumour types through gene-expression profiling requires analytical techniques that estimate the number of categories or clusters rigorously and reliably. Parametric mixture modelling provides a natural setting to address this problem. RESULTS: We compare a criterion for model selection that is derived from a variational Bayesian framework with a popular alternative based on the Bayesian information criterion. Using simulated data, we show that the variational Bayesian method is more accurate in finding the true number of clusters in situations that are relevant to current and future microarray studies. We also compare the two criteria using freely available tumour microarray datasets and show that the variational Bayesian method is more sensitive to capturing biologically relevant structure.
Aerosol Wall Losses in Electrically Charged Chambers (1985)

Wall deposition of aerosol particles in spherical, electrically charged chambers is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theory accounts for transport by convection, Brownian diffusion, gravitational sedimentation, and electrostatic drift. Experiments involved measurements of loss rates for particles of known size and charge in 250-liter FEP Teflon film bags. Agreement between theory and experiment is satisfactory provided that charging and neutralization of aerosol particles by ions is taken into account. It is shown that under these experimental conditions, charge can have a dominant effect on deposition rates, depending on particle size and on electric field strength. For example, wall loss rates of singly charged 0.1 μm diameter particles were a factor of 100 greater than wall loss rates of neutral particles of the same size in these experiments. The theory is valid for any distribution of electric fields near the interior surface of the chamber. A general result of the theory is that positively and negatively charged particles are lost at equal rates; this was also confirmed experimentally. The theory was also used to calculate size-dependent wall deposition rates in a large (60 m3) Teflon film smog chamber. The aerosol was assumed to be initially in Boltzmann charge equilibrium, as might be the case if the chamber were filled with ambient aerosol at time zero. In this case, particles of a given size can be either neutral or positively or negatively charged, and the overall wall deposition rate for particles includes contributions from each charge state. Furthermore, because charged particles are lost faster than neutrals, the charge distribution (and therefore the overall size-dependent wall deposition rate) is time dependent. Theory predicts that Brownian and turbulent diffusion are the dominant removal mechanisms for particles smaller than 0.05 μm and that gravitational sedimentation dominates for particles larger than 1.0 μm. Electrostatic effects dominate for intermediate-sized particles. Theory is in good agreement with data that have been reported for overall loss rates in large Teflon film smog chambers.
Decorating β′′-alumina solid-state electrolytes with micron Pb spherical particles for improving Na wettability at lower temperatures (2018)

Na wetting in a sunny-side-up shape is observed on a β′′-alumina surface decorated with micron-sized lead spherical particles.
Polylactic acid microspheres containing quinidine base and quinidine sulphate prepared by the solvent evaporation technique. I. Methods and morphology (1987)

D,1-polylactic acid (PLA) microspheres containing the antiarrhythmic drug, quinidine, were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The drug was present as either the base or as the sulphate salt. A slight modification in the process resulted in high yields of free-flowing, non-aggregated microspheres. The successful entrapment of drug within the microspheres was highly dependent on drug solubility in the aqueous phase. Diffusion and drug loss to the aqueous phase was minimized by adjusting the pH of the aqueous phase to minimal drug solubility. Saturation of the aqueous phase with drug further improved the payload of the microspheres. The appearance of the microsphere surface depended on the pH of the aqueous phase, the electrolyte concentration, and the type and amount of drug present. Structural changes and erosion of the polymer were observed at high pH-values.
Worm anatomy and model (2003)

We present a general framework for reasoning about network worms and analyzing the potency of worms within a specific network. First, we present a discussion of the life cycle of a worm based on a survey of contemporary worms. We build on that life cycle by developing a relational model that associates worm parameters, attributes of the environment, and the subsequent potency of the worm. We then provide a worm analytic framework that captures the generalized mechanical process a worm goes through while moving through a specific environment and its state as it does so. The key contribution of this work is a worm analytic framework. This framework can be used to evaluate worm potency and develop and validate defensive countermeasures and postures in both static and dynamic worm conflict. This framework will be implemented in a modeling and simulation language in order to evaluate the potency of specific worms within an environment.
Federated filtering for fault tolerant estimation and sensor redundancy management in coupled dynamics distributed systems (2007)

This paper discusses the application of the idea of federated filtering to the estimation of intrinsically nonlinear distributed systems by examining its impacts on filtering performance by using the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) as state estimator. Specifically, the performance of the traditional centralized solution is compared with the filtering structure obtained using the federating idea, and their conceptions, and their ability to balance between fault tolerance and estimation accuracy is examined. Our research demonstrates how successfully the EKF for solving nonlinear estimation problems in federated structures can be used, noting that the idea of federation have only been demonstrated for linear problems previously. In addressing the demands of both fault tolerance and estimation accuracy, it is shown that increased filtering accuracy is relied on the proper choice of sharing of the error covariance information between local filters, while sensor fault tolerance is provided by the utilization of an appropriate resetting policy of the filter.
Neuromorphic architectures for nanoelectronic circuits (2004)

Abstract This paper reviews recent important results in the development of neuromorphic network architectures (‘CrossNets’) for future hybrid semiconductor/nanodevice‐integrated circuits. In particular, we have shown that despite the hardware‐imposed limitations, a simple weight import procedure allows the CrossNets using simple two‐terminal nanodevices to perform functions (such as image recognition and pattern classification) that had been earlier demonstrated in neural networks with continuous, deterministic synaptic weights. Moreover, CrossNets can also be trained to work as classifiers by the faster error‐backpropagation method, despite the absence of a layered structure typical for the usual neural networks. Finally, one more method, ‘global reinforcement’, may be suitable for training CrossNets to perform not only the pattern classification, but also more intellectual tasks. A demonstration of such training would open a way towards artificial cerebral‐cortex‐scale networks capable of advanced information processing (and possibly self‐development) at a speed several orders of magnitude higher than that of their biological prototypes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Etch Rate of Silicon and Silicon Dioxide in Ammonia-Peroxide Solutions Measured by Quartz Xrystal Microbalance Technique (1999)

The etch rate off sputter coated silicon and thermally grown silica in ammoni‐peroxide and ammonia solutions has been ivestigated using a quarts crystal microbalance (QCM) technique. The results obtained have been compared with literature results using more convetional techniques to show that a QCM is a valuable in situ measurement technique to follow very small etch rates. ©1999 The Electrochemical Society
A Stimulation Treatment of a Sub Sea Well Using a Scale Dissolver (1999)

Abstract The Stattjord East and North are two sub sea fields tied in to the Stattjord C platform on the Stattjord Field. A well, on the Stattjord East satellite was damaged during the gravel pack operation. The damage is believed to be rust particles due to use of dirty drill collars during placement of the pre pack gravel. The productivity index, PI, of the well after clean up of the perforations, i.e. prior to gravel packing, was calculated as 742 Sm3/d/bar. After gravel packing and bean up of the well, the PI was calculated as 55 Sm3/d/bar. The well observed increased productivity to about 80 Sm3/d/bar before its decline prompted the use of a scale dissolver to remove the damage. The challenge was to pump the scale dissolver 7.8 km from the platform out to the wellhead template through a 2.5 inch methanol line. At the time of performing the stimulation treatment the oil rate of the well was 776 Sm3/d with a PI of 11 Sm3/d/bar. The maximum pumping rate during the operation was 800 litres per minute. After the scale dissolver had been soaked in the gravel pack for 12 hours, the well was put on production and it delivered 2600 Sm3/d of oil. The PI was increased to 55 Sm3/d/bar. A decline in production was observed, and after a year a second squeeze was performed successfully. The PI increased this time from 23 to 59 Sm3/d/bar and the oil production increased with 1000 Sm3/d. For the first time in the Norwegian North Sea, successful stimulation treatments of a sub sea satellite well has been achieved by pumping a scale dissolver through a 2.5″ methanol line into a 5.5″ completed well. The evaluation of the data has shown that the plugging process is complex and difficult to interpret. However, it can be concluded that injection of fluids has improved the gravel pack productivity. The erosion potential has also been minimised due to reduced draw down across the gravel pack. The damage mechanism is most likely a combination of rust, brine and fines plugging the wire wrapped screens and the poorly filled perforation tunnels. The first stimulation operation had a payback time of 2 days and the second operation 4 days.
Neoplasms of the Reproductive Tract: The Role of Hormone Exposure (2004)

Cancers of the reproductive system are a major source of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Because the uterus, ovaries, and cervix are hormonally responsive tissues, exposure to endogenous or exogenous sex steroids can profoundly affect the carcinogenic process. Animal models developed to date provide valuable but imperfect systems in which to study neoplasms of the reproductive tract. Nonhuman primate models share the unique primate-specific endometrial physiology of humans, but rarely develop neoplasms of the reproductive tract. Therefore a surrogate marker approach is required for the study of hormonally induced cancer risk in primates. Rodents provide practical models in which tumorigenesis can be assayed in a short time and, with appropriate interpretation, can be used for assessment of risk, prevention, and therapeutic strategies. In addition to the spontaneous strain-dependent incidence of female reproductive cancers, the classical chemical and hormonal carcinogenesis models, and the use of xenograft approaches, novel genetically modified animals provide unique insights into relevant molecular mechanisms. Caveats in the use of rodent models include anatomical differences from the human reproductive tract, the greater possibility of different metabolic responses to hormonal agents than humans, strain variations in tumor type and hormonal responsiveness, and unexpected tumor phenotypes in genetically modified animals. Reported nonmammalian models are limited primarily to the study of ovarian carcinogenesis. Recent progress in the understanding of cervical carcinogenesis is encouraging. Unmet needs in this area of research include models of early events in ovarian carcinogenesis and strongly predictive models of endometrial cancer risk. Nonhuman primates remain indispensable for the study of some aspects of reproductive pathophysiology, but the best understanding of carcinogenesis in the reproductive tract requires a broad approach using complementary human, nonhuman primate, and nonprimate studies.
Is Arginine a Zwitterion in the Gas Phase? (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTIs Arginine a Zwitterion in the Gas Phase?William D. Price, Rebecca A. Jockusch, and Evan R. WilliamsView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 49, 11988–11989Publication Date (Web):December 10, 1997Publication History Received14 April 1997Published online10 December 1997Published inissue 1 December 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9711627Copyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1168Altmetric-Citations175LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (104 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Binding energy,Dissociation,Oligomers,Reaction mechanisms,Zwitterions Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Resist Properties of Hyperbranched Polyacetals (2015)

The synthesized noria-AD offered 40 nm resolution resist pattern with LWR = 9.5 nm in the case of EB exposure tool and a clear 26 nm resolution pattern with LWR = 8.3 nm by means of EUV exposure tool. These results indicate that the present poly(THPE-co-BVOC) would have higher potential to offer higher resolution pattern using EUV lithography system.
Use of Laboratory Apparatus for Rapid Assessment of Antistalling Additives (1962)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Two types of additives are used to prevent icing in the carburetor caused by low atmospheric temperature and high humidity such as those encountered during winter or in unusual atmospheric conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate surface active compounds rather than freezing point depressants with respect to antistalling properties. The testing apparatus, procedures, and results are fully covered here, together with a rating scale for evaluating gasoline performance.</div>
Discovery and characterization of COVA322, a clinical-stage bispecific TNF/IL-17A inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (2015)

Biologic treatment options such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. Recent data suggest, however, that full and long-lasting responses to TNF inhibitors are limited because of the activation of the pro-inflammatory TH17/interleukin (IL)-17 pathway in patients. Therefore, dual TNF/IL-17A inhibition is an attractive avenue to achieve superior efficacy levels in such diseases. Based on the marketed anti-TNF antibody adalimumab, we generated the bispecific TNF/IL-17A-binding FynomAb COVA322. FynomAbs are fusion proteins of an antibody and a Fyn SH3-derived binding protein. COVA322 was characterized in detail and showed a remarkable ability to inhibit TNF and IL-17A in vitro and in vivo. Through its unique mode-of-action of inhibiting simultaneously TNF and the IL-17A homodimer, COVA322 represents a promising drug candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. COVA322 is currently being tested in a Phase 1b/2a study in psoriasis ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02243787).