gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical examination of sugar cane oil (1950)

Summary Sugar cane oil from Cuban cane has been shown to contain fatty acids, heptane insoluble acids, sterols, resinous hydrocarbons and alcohols, glycerine, and sugars. The acids from sugar cane oil can be separated into two major fractions, fatty acids and heptane insoluble acids. The latter (which are probably hydroxy acids) are relatively unstable to heat and polymerize during distillation. The fatty acids were found to consist mainly of linoleic (36.1%) and palmitic (25.0%) acids with lesser amounts of oleic (10.2%), linolenic (6.9%), and arachidic (7.6%) acids. Glycerine is present, and it would appear that the greater part of the acids occur as glycerides in the sugar cane oil. The unsaponifiable fraction is mainly unsaturated hydrocarbons with smaller amounts of sterols and other alcohols.
Afferent renal denervation impairs baroreflex control of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (2008)

Increasing efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (ERSNA) increases afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA), which decreases ERSNA to prevent sodium retention. High-sodium diet enhances ARNA, suggesting an important role for ARNA in suppressing ERSNA during excess sodium intake. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is elevated in afferent renal denervated by dorsal rhizotomy (DRX) rats fed high-sodium diet. We examined whether the increased MAP in DRX is due to impaired arterial baroreflex function. In DRX and sham DRX rats fed high-sodium diet, arterial baroreflex function was determined in conscious rats by intravenous nitroprusside and phenylephrine or calculation of transfer function gain from arterial pressure to ERSNA (spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity). Increasing MAP did not suppress ERSNA to the same extent in DRX as in sham DRX, -60 +/- 4 vs. -77 +/- 6%. Maximum gain, -4.22 +/- 0.45 vs. -6.04 +/- 0.90% DeltaERSNA/mmHg, and the maximum value of instantaneous gain, -4.19 +/- 0.45 vs. -6.04 +/- 0.81% DeltaERSNA/mmHg, were less in DRX than in sham DRX. Likewise, transfer function gain was lower in DRX than in sham DRX, 3.9 +/- 0.2 vs. 6.1 +/- 0.5 NU/mmHg. Air jet stress produced greater increases in ERSNA in DRX than in sham DRX, 35,000 +/- 4,900 vs. 20,900 +/- 3,410%.s (area under the curve). Likewise, the ERSNA responses to thermal cutaneous stimulation were greater in DRX than in sham DRX. These studies suggest impaired arterial baroreflex suppression of ERSNA in DRX fed high-sodium diet. There were no differences in arterial baroreflex function in DRX and sham DRX fed normal-sodium diet. Impaired arterial baroreflex function contributes to increased ERSNA, which would eventually lead to sodium retention and increased MAP in DRX rats fed high-sodium diet.
A Genomewide Association Study of Response to Lithium for Prevention of Recurrence in Bipolar Disorder (2009)

Multiple novel loci merit further examination for association with lithium response in bipolar disorder patients, including one region that spans the GRIA2 gene, for which expression has been shown to be regulated by lithium treatment.
Burrow Excavation by an Eastern Spotted Skunk and Visitation by a Long-Tailed Weasel (2021)

In this field note, we detail video evidence of Spilogale putorius (Eastern Spotted Skunk) further excavating a den site that was subsequently visited by Mustela frenata (Long-tailed Weasel). In October 2019 in Burke County, NC, we tracked a radio-collared Eastern Spotted Skunk to a small ground burrow. A camera trap was set outside the den entrance for 7 days. During this period, we observed that the burrow was occupied by 1 or more individual spotted skunks, and concurrently occupied by 2 spotted skunks on at least 1 occasion. The burrow was further excavated by 1 of the spotted skunks, representing the first recorded footage of this behavior in the Eastern Spotted Skunk. On 1 occasion, between visits to the den by the spotted skunks, a Long-tailed Weasel investigated the burrow. This observation represents one of the first close associations between these cryptic species.
Applying Huawei Switch for Preventing ARP Cheating (2007)

This paper discusses the principle of the ARP cheating and its harm. suggests using Huawei Switch to solve the problem by DHCP Snooping.
Carboxypeptidase G2 rescue in patients with methotrexate intoxication and renal failure (2005)

The methotrexate (MTX) rescue agent carboxypeptidase G2 (CPDG2) rapidly hydrolyses MTX to the inactive metabolite DAMPA (4-[[2,4-diamino-6-(pteridinyl)methyl]-methylamino]-benzoic acid) and glutamate in patients with MTX-induced renal failure and delayed MTX excretion. DAMPA is thought to be an inactive metabolite of MTX because it is not an effective inhibitor of the MTX target enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. DAMPA is eliminated more rapidly than MTX in these patients, which suggests a nonrenal route of elimination. In a phase II study (May 1997-March 2002), CPDG2 was administered intravenously to 82 patients at a median dose of 50 U kg(-1) (range 33-60 U kg(-1)). Eligible patients for this study had serum MTX concentrations of >10 microM at 36 h or >5 microM at 42 h after start of MTX infusion and documented renal failure (serum creatinine > or =1.5 times the upper limit of normal). Immediately before CPDG2 administration, a median MTX serum level of 11.93 microM (range 0.52-901 microM) was documented. Carboxypeptidase G2 was given at a median of 52 h (range 25-178 h) following the start of an MTX infusion of 1-12 g m(-2) 4-36 h(-1) and resulted in a rapid 97% (range 73-99%) reduction of the MTX serum level. Toxicity related to CPDG2 was not observed. Toxicity related to MTX was documented in about half the patients; four patients died despite CPDG2 administration due to severe myelosuppression and septic complications. In conclusion, administration of CPDG2 is a well-tolerated, safe and a very effective way of MTX elimination in delayed excretion due to renal failure.
Haematological and biochemical studies on Justicia carnea leaves extract in phenylhydrazine induced-anemia in albino rats [pdf] (2017)

Background. Justicia carnea is a medicinal plant used widely in Nigeria which is reported to have diverse functions, including blood-boosting potential. Aim. The effect of the ethanol extract of Justicea carnea (JC) leaves in phenylhydrazine induced-anemia albino rats on haematological and lipid profile parameters was investigated. Methods. The experimental animals were randomly grouped into five groups of six rats each -group 1 (non--anemic control), group 2 (anemic control), group 3 (500 mg/kg of JC extract), group 4 (1000 mg/kg of JC extract) and group 5 (DMSO control). Phenylhydrazine was administered once at a dose of 80 mg/kg b.w. to induce hemolytic anemia. After 28 days of extract administration, they were humanely sacrificed and the serum collected was used for biochemical analysis. Results. In the acute toxicity study, the LD 50 was found to be above 5000 mg/kg body weight. Packed Cell Volume (PCV) values, Red Blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations decreased (p < 0.05) significantly after 48 hours of phenylhydrazine induction, but after 28 days of administering extracts of Justicia carnea, PCV values, RBC and Hb increased (p < 0.05) significantly. There were significant (p < 0.05) decreases in cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL cholesterol concentrations in the extract-administered groups (groups 3&4) relative to the anemic control. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the extract groups (3&4) relative to the non-anemic control. Conclusion. Extracts of Justicia carnea not only reversed anemic conditions in the phenylhydrazine-induced rats, it also improved the lipid profile, and this may be attributed to its rich phytochemical, nutrient and vitamin composition. Therefore, the findings of the study suggest that J. carnea leaves could be used to manage lipid abnormalities associated with anemia.
Integrated Decision Support, Sensor Networks, and Adaptive Control for Wireless Site-Specific Sprinkler Irrigation (2011)

The development of site-specific water management systems for sprinkler irrigation will be a major factor in future efforts to improve the various efficiencies of water-use and to support a sustainable irrigated environment. The challenge is to develop fully integrated management systems with supporting elements that accurately and inexpensively sense within-field variability and then optimally control variable-rate water application systems in ways that account for the spatial variability affecting water use. Recent advances in sensor and wireless radio frequency (RF) technologies have enabled the development of distributed in-field sensor-based irrigation systems to support site-specific irrigation management. Thus, integration of a decision-making process with a distributed wireless sensor network (WSN) and providing real-time input to site-specific controls is a viable option. This presentation reviews research on the implementation of in-field micrometeorological information that was fed from a distributed wireless sensor network (WSN) and displayed on a geo-referenced field map in a computer base station. Low-cost Bluetooth wireless RF communications from both a distributed WSN and the machine controls monitoring of sprinkler status and global positioning system (GPS) location were interfaced with a computer base station for processing by a decision support program, which updated the instructions to the variable rate irrigation controller for real-time site-specific control. The decision support was optimized to adapt changes of crop type, irrigation pattern, and field location for instructions for individual sprinkler heads on how much water to apply and where. A graphical user interface (GUI) with a simple click-and-play menu was used, which allowed growers to remotely access field conditions and irrigation status at the home or office via wireless RF communications.
839. Barringtogenol and barringtogenic acid, two new triterpenoid sapogenins (1956)

R. Anantaraman and K. S. M. Pillai, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 4369 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560004369
INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN A PREDATOR AFFECTS COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND CASCADING TROPHIC INTERACTIONS (2008)

Intraspecific phenotypic variation in ecologically important traits is widespread and important for evolutionary processes, but its effects on community and ecosystem processes are poorly understood. We use life history differences among populations of alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, to test the effects of intraspecific phenotypic variation in a predator on pelagic zooplankton community structure and the strength of cascading trophic interactions. We focus on the effects of differences in (1) the duration of residence in fresh water (either seasonal or year-round) and (2) differences in foraging morphology, both of which may strongly influence interactions between alewives and their prey. We measured zooplankton community structure, algal biomass, and spring total phosphorus in lakes that contained landlocked, anadromous, or no alewives. Both the duration of residence and the intraspecific variation in foraging morphology strongly influenced zooplankton community structure. Lakes with landlocked alewives had small-bodied zooplankton year-round, and lakes with no alewives had large-bodied zooplankton year-round. In contrast, zooplankton communities in lakes with anadromous alewives cycled between large-bodied zooplankton in the winter and spring and small-bodied zooplankton in the summer. In summer, differences in feeding morphology of alewives caused zooplankton biomass to be lower and body size to be smaller in lakes with anadromous alewives than in lakes with landlocked alewives. Furthermore, intraspecific variation altered the strength of the trophic cascade caused by alewives. Our results demonstrate that intraspecific phenotypic variation of predators can regulate community structure and ecosystem processes by modifying the form and strength of complex trophic interactions.
[Role of Chemotherapy in head and neck cancer]. (2001)

For head and neck cancer, a recent meta-analysis of published randomized trial results showed that concurrent chemoradiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy may increase absolute survival by 12.1%, 6.5%, and 3.7%, respectively. Initial response rates to first line chemotherapy are high, but this responsiveness does not appear to translate into a survival benefit. Thus, chemotherapy can be indicated as the standard therapy for a very limited range of advanced head and neck cancers. With the aim of prolonging survival, N stage advanced nasopharyngeal cancer is a good candidate for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Among a large number of randomized trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, organ function preservation studies showed the possibility of laryngeal preservation for locally resectable T2 and T3 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy may be indicated for advanced T stage head and neck cancers, especially those with locally unresectable lesions. For N stage advanced pharyngeal cancer patients, adjuvant chemotherapy with applied after the standard therapy has a role in the treatment. With palliative treatment in advanced and/or recurrent disease, there is less benefit from chemotherapy and indications for chemotherapy should be selected for individual patients.
Multiple Monochromators I Design of Multiple Monochromators (1952)

A description is given of a simple method for converting a conventional monochromator to a double or multiple monochromator having much higher resolving power and giving almost complete elimination of scattered radiation. To construct a double monochromator, radiation which normally passes through the exit slit is reflected back through the dispersing system by a pair of mirrors at right angles to each other, and finally passes through the exit slit. A chopper is arranged to interrupt the radiation reflected from these mirrors, and the signal from the detector is amplified by an amplifier tuned to the same frequency as the chopper. Thus only that radiation which has passed twice through the dispersing system produces an output signal. The factors governing the design of multiple monochromators are discussed.
Stimulation of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis by Lipophilic Epoxides (1983)

Epoxy fatty acids added to the culture media either with the inoculum or at the end of exponential growth phase stimulated aflatoxin production by toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. This effect did not appear when the unsaturated fatty acids used for the synthesis of the epoxides and the polyhydroxyacids (which can be considered to be derived from the opening of the oxirane ring) replaced the epoxides in the culture media. No significant differences were detected in the lipid fractions (diglycerides, sterols, triglycerides, free fatty acids, sterol esters) extracted from the mycelia grown in the presence of any of the fatty acid derivates.
Electrodeposition of FeCoNiCu/Cu Compositionally Modulated Multilayers (2002)

The electrodeposition of the FeCoNiCu quaternary system onto a rotating disk electrode was explored in order to prepare compositionally modulated multilayers. Multilayers having a different layer thickness were electrodeposited by a pulse current method and the structure was determined with transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. When the multilayer alloy thickness was larger than 10 nm, the deposit grain size was found to be a function of the Co-rich layer thickness. Below an alloy thickness of 10 nm, the Cu layer size was correlated with a preferred deposit orientation. Giant magnetoresistance was also observed for this electrodeposited quaternary system for the first time.
A Run-Based Two-Scan Labeling Algorithm (2008)

We present an efficient run-based two-scan algorithm for labeling connected components in a binary image. Unlike conventional label-equivalence-based algorithms, which resolve label equivalences between provisional labels, our algorithm resolves label equivalences between provisional label sets. At any time, all provisional labels that are assigned to a connected component are combined in a set, and the smallest label is used as the representative label. The corresponding relation of a provisional label and its representative label is recorded in a table. Whenever different connected components are found to be connected, all provisional label sets concerned with these connected components are merged together, and the smallest provisional label is taken as the representative label. When the first scan is finished, all provisional labels that were assigned to each connected component in the given image will have a unique representative label. During the second scan, we need only to replace each provisional label by its representative label. Experimental results on various types of images demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms all conventional labeling algorithms.
Comparative study on the effects of chlorite oxygen reaction product TCDO (tetrachlorodecaoxygen) and sodium chlorite solution (NaClO2) with equimolar chlorite content on bone marrow and peripheral blood of BDIX rats. (1993)

The effects of the chlorite-oxygen reaction product TCDO (tetrachlorodecaoxygen, active ingredient of the systemic application form of WF 10) were investigated on bone marrow and peripheral blood of BDIX rats in comparison to a sodium chlorite solution with a chlorite content identical to that of WF 10. Despite difficulties in determining the chemical differences between TCDO and a sodium chlorite solution, their differing effects on cells, tissue and organism were striking. The following characteristics have been observed: Stimulation of the bone marrow, evidenced by the pronounced increase in mature granulocytes, pronormo- and normoblasts, or increased cell proliferation rate, determined by means of the BrdUrd method, was achieved only with WF 10 (TCDO). Stimulation of the bone marrow led in turn to increased numbers of leucocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood. In addition, WF 10 induced the production of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), referred to as natural killer cells (NK-cells). In contrast, NaClO2 solution suppressed bone marrow function, exhibiting a toxic effect when given on a long-term basis. At the same time the number of mature granulocytes as well as pronormo- and normoblasts decreased, while the presence of LGLs was not observed. The results showed that TCDO is a potent stimulator of the bone marrow function and an effective modulator of the entire immune system. The toxic effect of chlorite, derived from the TCDO matrix, is not noticeable, being completely compensated by the favourable effects of TCDO.
Il produttore consumato : saggio sul malessere dei lavoratori contemporanei (2006)

il malessere dei lavoratori nel mondo contemporaneo: un disagio che sembra destinato ad aumentare dentro e fuori i luoghi di lavoro. In queste pagine ci si sofferma in modo particolare sul crescente ricorso dei lavoratori a sostanze psicotrope, quale risposta alle difficoltà e alle sofferenze della vita. E si tenta di rispondere a queste domande di fondo: perché la produzione di merci e di "benessere" è connessa in modo così inestricabile con la produzione di "malessere"? Che relazione esiste tra l'attuale organizzazione del lavoro e l'organizzazione della vita? Che tipo di rapporto intercorre tra la produzione di merci e il consumo di massa di sedativi, eccitanti e "pillole della felicità"? E, infine, come uscire dal circolo vizioso in cui ci troviamo? Il saggio non aspira a fornire una risposta esaustiva a queste grandi problematiche, ma intende essere principalmente uno stimolo, un invito a moltiplicare gli studi sul lavoro e sulle condizioni di vita dei lavoratori contemporanei.
Spam Filtering with Cryptographic Ad-hoc E-mail Addresses (2006)

This paper presents an ad-hoc e-mail address service system which employs a cryptographic algorithm for the generation of ad-hoc addresses. The addresses are associated with mail filter rules and subscribers' original address undisclosed to public. The presented algorithm enables mail transfer agents to filter incoming mails by extracting filter rules from ad-hoc addresses, and thus requires no database to store filter rules for the addresses. The practical usability of the presented system has been tested to major Internet services which requires e-mail addresses.
Optimization of Thermal Management by Integration of an SCGM, a Finite-Element Method, and an Experiment on a High-Power LED Array (2011)

This paper proposes an original idea to minimize heat concentrations of high-power light-emitting diode (LED) arrays. The purpose of this paper is to investigate temperature distribution with and without an optimal process of high-power LED arrays by experiment and a numerical method in order to achieve an optimal design of LED arrays for thermal management. This paper develops an effective method to design each LED position for decreasing thermal concentrations in high-power LED arrays. In this paper, temperature profiles are measured by a thermal infrared camera and a thermocouple and compared with simulated results under different power. The optimal method is adopted by a simplified conjugate gradient method combined with a finite-element method. This method proves reliability of simulated results in advance. Through this optimal method, efficiency of heat removal will be enforced as an extra cooling device is added. The important part is that this optimal design will not affect brightness through an illumination analysis.
The major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecule HLA‐E at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity (2008)

The non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-E is the least polymorphic of all the MHC class I molecules and acts as a ligand for receptors of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. The recognition of self-peptides complexed to HLA-E by the CD94-NKG2A receptor expressed by natural killer (NK) cells represents a crucial checkpoint for immune surveillance by NK cells. However, HLA-E can also be recognised by the T-cell receptor expressed by alphabeta CD8 T cells and therefore can play a role in the adaptive immune response to invading pathogens. The recent resolution of HLA-E in complex with both innate and adaptive ligands has provided insight into the dual role of this molecule in immunity.
Super-resolution differential interference contrast microscopy by structured illumination (2013)

We propose a structured illumination differential interference contrast (SI-DIC) microscopy, breaking the diffraction resolution limit of differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. SI-DIC extends the bandwidth of coherent transfer function of the DIC imaging system, thus the resolution is improved. With 0.8 numerical aperture condenser and objective, the reconstructed SI-DIC image of 53 nm polystyrene beads reveals lateral resolution of approximately 190 nm, doubling that of the conventional DIC image. We also demonstrate biological observations of label-free cells with improved spatial resolution. The SI-DIC microscopy can provide sub-diffraction resolution and high contrast images with marker-free specimens, and has the potential for achieving sub-diffraction resolution quantitative phase imaging.
Infrared imaging: making progress in fulfilling its medical promise (2002)

Discusses past, present, and future applications of infrared imaging in medicine. The topics mentioned include: breast cancer; helmet-mounted infrared for battlefield medical application; burns; image analysis and algorithm development.