gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The significance of occlusion in restorative dentistry. (1993)

All occlusal therapy relates ultimately to the hinge position of the mandible. By consensus, the optimum hinge position is centric relation, the most anterosuperior position of the condyles in the glenoid fossae, articulating against the eminences, with the disks properly interposed. Also by consensus, the optimum occlusal scheme is mutual protection, in which the posterior teeth contact simultaneously and equally in centric occlusion, the canines disclude the posterior teeth in lateral excursions, and the anterior teeth disclude the posterior teeth in protrusion. Whenever CR cannot be used as the starting point of occlusal treatment, or when sufficient canine support is lacking, the clinician may have to prescribe a treatment condylar position other than CR or modify the occlusal scheme. Mutual protection occlusion is the simplest to develop and CR is the simplest starting point. Departures from these ideals create added complexities for the dentist. The greater the number of excursive contacts in the occlusal scheme, the more involved the equilibration of those contacts. A treatment condylar position other than CR may not be repeatable when needed, and two studies suggest that it may change over time. Without a stable, repeatable foundation supporting it, the occlusion may be in jeopardy. The removal of occlusal interferences, although not warranted as a routine prophylactic measure, is indicated under certain conditions. When beginning a significant amount of occlusal treatment, the clinicians may remove closing interference to achieve CR at the desired vertical dimension. They may remove excursive interferences that they do not want to perpetuate in the new scheme. Selective removal may alleviate the signs of trauma from occlusion. There may be periodontal justification for axializing and equilibrating occlusal forces. Nonaxial forces on teeth with cervical erosion should be reduced as a means of limiting further erosion and protecting cervical restorations. When occlusal disharmony has been shown to reactivate a TMD, an equilibration or a more extensive rehabilitation may be necessary in the second phase of TMD treatment. In the symptomatic phase of a TMD, however, only reversible measures are appropriate. In this time of fast-moving change in restorative techniques and products, all operative dentists should raise their consciousness of occlusal principles. Occlusal forces set limits on the selection of materials and often prescribe the design features needed for a successful outcome. With structurally or periodontally compromised teeth, the occlusal planning to minimize nonaxial forces lies at the heart of the restoration. Virtually all restorative dentistry is affected by the occlusal forces of the teeth in function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
“Smart” polymeric microfluidics fabricated by plasma processing: controlled wetting, capillary filling and hydrophobic valving (2009)

We demonstrate a mass-production-amenable technology for fabrication, surface modification and multifunction integration in polymeric microfluidic devices, namely direct lithography on the polymeric substrate followed by polymer plasma etching, and selective plasma deposition. We apply the plasma processing technology to fabricate polymeric microfluidics in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). First, deep anisotropic O(2) plasma etching is utilized to pattern the polymer via an in situ, highly etch-resistant, thin, Si-containing photoresist, or via a thick organic photoresist. Absolute control of surface roughness (from smooth to very rough), and the production of stable-in-time (slowly ageing) superhydrophilic microchannels are demonstrated. Second, we demonstrate the spontaneous capillary pumping through such rough, superhydrophilic plasma-etched microchannels in contrast to smooth ones, even 5 weeks after fabrication. Third, by using C(4)F(8) fluorocarbon plasma deposition through a stencil mask, we produce superhydrophobic patches inside the microchannels, and use them as passive valves. Our approach proposes "smart" multifunctional microfluidics fabricated by a plasma technology toolbox.
Soluble Precursors for CuInSe<sub>2</sub>, CuIn<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub><i>x</i></sub>Se<sub>2</sub>, and Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSn(S,Se)<sub>4</sub> Based on Colloidal Nanocrystals and Molecular Metal Chalcogenide Surface Ligands (2012)

We report a new platform for design of soluble precursors for CuInSe(2) (CIS), Cu(In(1-x)Ga(x))Se(2) (CIGS), and Cu(2)ZnSn(S,Se)(4) (CZTS) phases for thin-film potovoltaics. To form these complex phases, we used colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) with metal chalcogenide complexes (MCCs) as surface ligands. The MCC ligands both provided colloidal stability and represented essential components of target phase. To obtain soluble precursors for CuInSe(2), we used Cu(2-x)Se NCs capped with In(2)Se(4)(2-) MCC surface ligands or CuInSe(2) NCs capped with {In(2)Cu(2)Se(4)S(3)}(3-) MCCs. A mixture of Cu(2-x)Se and ZnS NCs, both capped with Sn(2)S(6)(4-) or Sn(2)Se(6)(4-) ligands was used for solution deposition of CZTS films. Upon thermal annealing, the inorganic ligands reacted with NC cores forming well-crystallized pure ternary and quaternary phases. Solution-processed CIS and CZTS films featured large grain size and high phase purity, confirming the prospects of this approach for practical applications.
Influence of cross-phase modulation on soliton switching in nonlinear optical fibers (1993)

The effect of cross-phase modulation (CPM) on the soliton switching in fiber nonlinear couplers is analyzed by studying the evolution of the soliton parameters at different values of the ratio sigma between the CPM and self-phase modulation contributions. It is shown that the CPM effect may sufficiently modify the switching characteristics, and perfect switching is always achieved for sigma ? 1 when the model becomes exactly integrable. The main conclusions of the present analysis are confirmed by numerical simulations.
Extended Golomb codes for binary Markov sources (2003)

Summary form only given. Elementary Golomb codes have been widely used for compressing correlated binary sources. We study the theoretical bit-rate performance of two different Golomb coding methods on binary Markov sources: the sequential coding method, and the interleaved coding method. Although the theoretical bit-rate performance for these codes on on i.i.d. sources is known, to the best of our knowledge, theoretical performance results for elementary Golomb codes on correlated Markov sources have not been published.
Nuclear localization of Akt in gallbladder carcinoma from BK5.erbB2 mice (2007)

106 Gallbladder carcinomas carry poor prognosis and difficulties with treatment, often due to late stage diagnosis, highly malignant nature, and limited knowledge regarding the pathogenesis. Overexpression of erbB2 in gallbladder epithelial cells in BK5.erbB2 transgenic mice leads to development of adenocarcinoma in 90% of the homozygous transgenic mice. This transgenic mouse model provided a useful tool for investigating the mechanism of erbB2 induced development of gallbladder carcinoma. We detected that erbB2 overexpression in transgenic gallbladder epithelial cells was associated with a high level of EGFR and both erbB2 and EGFR were constitutively activated. We further analyzed the downstream of erbB2/EGFR signaling in gallbladder epithelial cells from BK5.erbB2 mice to investigate the mechanism of carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that activated Akt was predominantly nuclear in gallbladder epithelial cells from the transgenic mice, but not in nontransgenic mice. Western blot analysis of proteins extracted from nuclear and cytosolic fractions of gallbladder epithelial cells also showed the nuclear localization of activated Akt. In addition, when the EGFR/erbB2 signaling was stimulated by EGF in primary gallbladder epithelial cell culture from BK5.erbB2 mice, a prolonged nuclear localization of activated Akt was observed compared to that of nontransgenic mice. Although activated Erk1/2 was mainly localized to the cytoplasm of gallbladder epithelial cells from transgenic mice, it was also detected in the nucleus. But in nontransgenic mice, no activated Erk1/2 could be detected in the nucleus of gallbladder epithelial cells. We speculate that nuclear localization of Akt and Erk1/2 mediated by constitutively activated erbB2 and EGFR signaling may play important roles during development of gallbladder carcinoma in BK5.erbB2 mice.
Full-scale wind-tunnel tests of a small unpowered jet aircraft with a T-tail (1971)

The aerodynamic characteristics of a full scale executive type jet transport aircraft with a T-tail were investigated in a 40 x 80 ft (12.2 by 24.4 meter) wind tunnel (subsonic). Static, longitudinal, and lateral stability, and control characteristics were determined at angles of attack from -2 deg to +42 deg. The aircraft wing had 13 deg of sweep and an aspect ratio of 5.02. The aircraft was tested power off with various wing leading- and trailing-edge high lift devices. The basic configuration was tested with and without such components as engine nacelles, wing tip tanks, and empannage. Hinge-moment data were obtained and downwash angles in the horizontal-tail plane location were calculated. The data were obtained at Reynolds numbers of 4.1 million and 8.7 million based on mean aerodynamic chord. The model had static longitudinal stability through initial stall. Severe tail buffet occurred near the angle of attack for maximum lift. Above initial stall the aircraft had pronounced pitch-up, characteristic of T-tail configurations. A stable trim point was possible at angles of attack between 30 deg and 40 deg (depending on c.g. location and flap setting). Hinge-moment data showed no regions with adverse effects on stick force. Comparisons of wind-tunnel data and flight-test are presented.
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) Receptor Ligands (2007)

Serotonin (5-HT) receptors are part of the G protein-coupled and ligand-gated ion channel families. 5-HT exerts its diverse actions by binding to cell surface receptors which can be classified into seven distinct families (5-HT1 to 5-HT7) according to their structural diversity and mode of action. Some of the 5-HT families are comprised of multiple receptors which share similar structural and mechanistic properties but display very different operational profiles. Evidence continues to mount in support of the important roles of the 5-HT receptors in various neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, migraine and drug addiction. The 5-HT receptors may also play an important role in obesity, aggression, sexual behaviour and cardiovascular disorders. A number of selective/non-selective 5-HT agonist and antagonist ligands (drugs) have been developed to challenge many of these disease states.
Modulation of the biologic activities of IgE-binding factor. IV. Identification of glycosylation-enhancing factor as a kallikrein-like enzyme. (1983)

Stimulation of normal rat splenic T cells with pertussigen (lymphocytosis-promoting factor, LPF, from Bordetella pertussis) resulted in the release of a soluble factor that enhanced the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors during their biosynthesis. The soluble factor was detected by the ability of a culture filtrate of LPF-stimulated spleen cells to switch a T cell hybridoma, 23A4, from the formation of unglycosylated IgE-binding factor to the formation of glycosylated IgE-binding factor. The glycosylation-enhancing factor (GEF) had affinity for D-galactose, and the binding of the factor to hybridoma cells via a cell surface galactose was essential for modulation of IgE-binding factors. The GEF was inactivated by irreversible inhibitors of serine proteases such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, diisopropylfluorophosphate, and p-nitrophenyl ethylpentylphosphonate but was not affected by nonphosphorylating analogues of the organophosphorus compounds. Benzamidine, a competitive and reversible inhibitor of trypsin, also inhibited the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors by GEF. The factor could be purified by absorption to p-aminobenzamidine agarose followed by elution with benzamidine. The capacity of GEF to enhance the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors was inhibited by synthetic substrates of trypsin but not by substrates of chymotrypsin, indicating that GEF is a trypsin-like enzyme. Indeed, trypsin, plasmin, and kallikrein enhanced the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors during their biosynthesis. An inhibitor of trypsin-like enzyme(s), N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone (TLCK), inhibited trypsin and plasmin but not kallikrein, and TLCK failed to inhibit the GEF-mediated enhancement of glycosylation. It was also found that bradykinin, the biologically active product of cleavage of kininogen by kallikrein, enhanced the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors. The results indicate that GEF is a kallikrein-like enzyme.
Surface-plasmon–polariton excitation of optical microcavities and second-harmonic emission (2000)

We have created microscopic Fabry–Perot optical resonator cavities between the flattened end of a tunneling microscope tip and a semitransparent metal film. Power is transferred to cavity modes from a laser beam by means of surface-plasmon–polariton generation and subsequent radiative decay. We compare the dependence of the axial emission from these modes on cavity length and on the angle of incidence with the predictions of a stratified-medium model. The mode structure has a finesse that approaches the theoretical limit. At high incident power, second-harmonic radiation produced by weakly localized surface-plasmon–polaritons is also coupled into the cavity and detected in axial emission.
Relationship between Critical Flicker-Frequency and a Set of Low-Frequency Characteristics of the Eye (1954)

The results of measurements of the critical flicker frequency of the eye depending on both the average luminance of the test field and the time function of this luminance were recorded by plotting the “ripple ratio” r versus the critical frequency; r is defined as amplitude of first Fourier component/average luminance of the stimulus. It is shown that with constant average luminance the points observed for various time functions fit into one smooth curve which for low luminances is monotonous.At high luminances the curve shows a minimum for r, which is smaller than the threshold value of the foveal brightness discrimination ratio 1.35 percent, observed for a frequency f = 1 c/s.
Need for a Replacement Statute to Correct Existing Inequities (1956)

Need for a Replacement Statute to Correct Existing Inequities
TATB (triaminotrinitrobenzene) purification and particle size modification: An evaluation of processing options (1990)

Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) is an insensitive high explosive with desirable safety characteristics. Mound is currently interested in developing a high purity, high surface area form of this compound to increase its potential applications. This paper describes recent development efforts. After setting purification and surface area goals, a number of processing procedures were tested to determine their practicality and effectiveness. The purification procedures included sulfuric acid recrystallization, dimethylsulfoxide/NaOH recrystallization, Soxhlet extraction, thermal gradient sublimation, and high-temperature recrystallization. Techniques identified for increasing surface area included crash precipitation of TATB and processing TATB in a fluid energy mill. An evaluation of the data suggested that a two- or three-step process will be necessary to produce the desired results. A sulfuric acid recrystallization used in conjunction with a high-temperature recrystallization is recommended to achieve the necessary purity. This should be followed by a crash precipitation or milling step to meet surface area requirements. 5 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
Subjective Assessment of Computer-Simulated Telephone Calling (1969)

An experimental family of tones intended as telephone calling signals was generated by computer simulation. The synthesis technique allowed systematic manipulation of the parameters of the tones. Selected results of the computations were submitted to listeners for evaluative judgments. The evaluative data were analyzed by a multidimensional method that reveals the perceptual dimensions on which listeners’ opinions differ. The dimensions thus defined were interpreted in terms of the parameters of the synthesis.
Enhanced ionic recognition by polymer-supported reagents: synthesis and characterization of ion-exchange/precipitation resins (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnhanced ionic recognition by polymer-supported reagents: synthesis and characterization of ion-exchange/precipitation resinsSpiro D. Alexandratos and Marie E. BatesCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 10, 2905–2910Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00188a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00188a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combination of DROOL rules and Protégé knowledge bases in the ONTO-H annotation tool (2005)

ONTO-H is a semi-automatic collaborative tool for the semantic annotation of documents, built as a Protégé 3.0 tab plug-in. Among its multiple functionalities aimed at easing the document annotation process, ONTO-H uses a rule-based system to create cascading annotations out from a single drag and drop operation from a part of a document into an already existing concept or instance of the domain ontology being used for annotation. It also gives support to the detection of name conflicts and instance duplications in the creation of the annotations. The rule system runs on top of the open source rule engine DROOLS and is connected to the domain ontology used for annotation by means of an ad-hoc programmed Java proxy.
Enhanced photochromic efficiency of transparent and flexible nanocomposite films based on PEO–PPO–PEO and tungstate hybridization (2014)

Enhanced photochromism of hybrid films synthesized by a simple one-pot self-assembly method.
Perinatal Hypoxia‐Ischemia Disrupts Striatal High‐Affinity [<sup>3</sup>H]Glutamate Uptake into Synaptosomes (1986)

Abstract We examined the impact of hypoxia‐ischemia on high‐affinity [ 3 H]glutamate uptake into a synaptosomal fraction prepared from immature rat corpus striatum. In 7‐day‐old pups the right carotid artery was ligated, and pups were exposed to 8% oxygen for 0, 0.5, 1, or 2.5 h, and allowed to recover for up to 24 h before they were killed. High‐affinity glutamate uptakes in striatal synaptosomes derived from tissue ipsilateral and contralateral to ligation were compared. After 1 h of hypoxia plus ischemia, high‐affinity glutamate uptake in the striatum was reduced by 54 ± 13% compared with values from the opposite (nonischemic) side of the brain (p < 0.01, t test versus ligates not exposed to hypoxia). There were similar declines after 2.5 h of hypoxiaischemia. Activity remained low after a 1 h recovery period in room air, but after 24 h of recovery, high‐affinity glutamate uptake was equal bilaterally. Kinetic analysis revealed that loss of activity could be attributed primarily to a 40% reduction in the number of uptake sites. Hypoxia alone had no effect on high‐affinity glutamate uptake although it reduced synaptosomal uptake of [ 3 H]3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐ethylamine. Addition of 1 mg/ml of bovine serum albumin to the incubation medium preferentia'ly stimulated high‐affinity glutamate uptake in hypoxic‐ischemic brain compared with its effects in normal tissue. These studies demonstrate that hypoxia‐ischemia reversibly inhibits high‐affinity glutamate uptake and this occurs earlier than the time required to produce neuronal damage in the model.
PhoP: A Missing Piece in the Intricate Puzzle of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence (2008)

Inactivation of the transcriptional regulator PhoP results in Mycobacterium tuberculosis attenuation. Preclinical testing has shown that attenuated M. tuberculosis phoP mutants hold promise as safe and effective live vaccine candidates. We focused this study to decipher the virulence networks regulated by PhoP. A combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed that PhoP controls a variety of functions including: hypoxia response through DosR crosstalking, respiratory metabolism, secretion of the major T-cell antigen ESAT-6, stress response, synthesis of pathogenic lipids and the M. tuberculosis persistence through transcriptional regulation of the enzyme isocitrate lyase. We also demonstrate that the M. tuberculosis phoP mutant SO2 exhibits an antigenic capacity similar to that of the BCG vaccine. Finally, we provide evidence that the SO2 mutant persists better in mouse organs than BCG. Altogether, these findings indicate that PhoP orchestrates a variety of functions implicated in M. tuberculosis virulence and persistence, making phoP mutants promising vaccine candidates.
Acute Renal Failure in a Patient Receiving Treatment with Suramin (1997)

Suramin has demonstrated modest activity against prostate cancer and is being investigated in clinical trials. We describe a patient with metastatic prostate cancer who developed nonoliguric renal failure during treatment with suramin. Other potential causes of renal failure were not present in our patient and his renal function gradually recovered with the cessation of suramin treatment. Acute renal failure should be recognized as a potential complication of suramin treatment.
The basic helix-loop-helix protein BETA2 interacts with p300 to coordinate differentiation of secretin-expressing enteroendocrine cells (1998)

The major epithelial cell types lining the intestine comprise a perpetually self-renewing population of cells that differentiate continuously from a stem cell in the intestinal crypts. Secretin-producing enteroendocrine cells represent a nondividing subpopulation of intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting that expression of the hormone is coordinated with cell cycle arrest during the differentiation of this cell lineage. Here we report that the basic helix-loop-helix protein BETA2 associates functionally with the coactivator, p300 to activate transcription of the secretin gene as well as the gene encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Overexpression of BETA2 in cell lines induces both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis suggesting that BETA2 may regulate proliferation of secretin cells. Consistent with this role, we observed both reentry of normally quiescent cells into the cell cycle and disrupted cell number regulation in the small intestine of BETA2 null mice. Thus, BETA2 may function to coordinate transcriptional activation of the secretin gene, cell cycle arrest, and cell number regulation, providing one of the first examples of a transcription factor that controls terminal differentiation of cells in the intestinal epithelium.