gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical generation of silver(I) through silver sulfide membranes. Application to coulometric titration of chloride in strong oxidizing media (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical generation of silver(I) through silver sulfide membranes. Application to coulometric titration of chloride in strong oxidizing mediaKenneth S. Fletcher and R. F. MannionCite this: Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 2, 285–287Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60284a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60284a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
How well can the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN support quality of service? (2005)

This paper studies an important problem in the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF)-based wireless local area network (WLAN): how well can the network support quality of service (QoS). Specifically, this paper analyzes the network's performance in terms of maximum protocol capacity or throughput, delay, and packet loss rate. Although the performance of the 802.11 protocol, such as throughput or delay, has been extensively studied in the saturated case, it is demonstrated that maximum protocol capacity can only be achieved in the nonsaturated case and is almost independent of the number of active nodes. By analyzing packet delay, consisting of medium access control (MAC) service time and waiting time, accurate estimates were derived for delay and delay variation when the throughput increases from zero to the maximum value. Packet loss rate is also given for the nonsaturated case. Furthermore, it is shown that the channel busyness ratio provides precise and robust information about the current network status, which can be utilized to facilitate QoS provisioning. The authors have conducted a comprehensive simulation study to verify their analytical results and to tune the 802.11 to work at the optimal point with maximum throughput and low delay and packet loss rate. The simulation results show that by controlling the total traffic rate, the original 802.11 protocol can support strict QoS requirements, such as those required by voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) or streaming video, and at the same time achieve high channel utilization.
Hydrogenation of fats and oils. Isomerization during hydrogenation (1963)

Abstract This presentation includes a survey of the development of the presently accepted theory for the formation of isomers based on a half hydrogenation‐dehydrogenation mechanism with atomic hydrogen, an appraisal of the relevant work of recent years for its significance when applied to the problem of isomerization, and certain experimental evidence from other fields of heterogeneous catalysis of interest in the hydrogenation of fats and oils. Effects of temperature, pressure, catalyst concentration, and degree of agitation used in commercial plants on the degree of isomerization are discussed. In addition the conditions necessary for the proper application of the term 舠selective舡 to a hydrogenation are examined. An interpretation of recent work to reduce isomerization while retaining selectivity by extending the normal range of the variables and by the use of solvents is covered. Selected works on catalysis from related fields are used to indicate possible modifications of the isomerization mechanism and, perhaps, to reveal fruitful avenues of research.
A design of multiport waveguide power combiner (2008)

A method of X-band power combining using rectangular waveguide is proposed and studied in this paper. Waveguide combiner has good efficiency, which is suitable for power combining at higher frequencies and higher power levels especially. We fabricated the waveguide combiner by accurate process, and VSWR<1.2, Loss<0.2 dB over 600M bandwidth with combining efficiency of 95% at center frequency is achieved. Measured results show a good agreement with simulated ones.
A Comprehensive Review on the Applications of Exosomes and Liposomes in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (2021)

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are generally concerned with reconstructing cells, tissues, or organs to restore typical biological characteristics. Liposomes are round vesicles with a hydrophilic center and bilayers of amphiphiles which are the most influential family of nanomedicine. Liposomes have extensive research, engineering, and medicine uses, particularly in a drug delivery system, genes, and vaccines for treatments. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry various biomolecular cargos such as miRNA, mRNA, DNA, and proteins. As exosomal cargo changes with adjustments in parent cells and position, research of exosomal cargo constituents provides a rare chance for sicknesses prognosis and care. Exosomes have a more substantial degree of bioactivity and immunogenicity than liposomes as they are distinctly chiefly formed by cells, which improves their steadiness in the bloodstream, and enhances their absorption potential and medicinal effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. In this review, the crucial challenges of exosome and liposome science and their functions in disease improvement and therapeutic applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies are prominently highlighted.
Phosphatidylserine enhances the ability of epidermal Langerhans cells to induce contact hypersensitivity (1993)

Phosphatidylserine (PS) modulates several immune functions in vitro, including T cell activation, antibody and cytokine production, and macrophage growth. In the present work we studied the effects of PS on the induction of contact hypersensitivity (CH) in mice. BALB/c mice painted with PS (9.4-75 mg/kg) and with a sensitizing dose of DNFB or oxazolone on the same skin site exhibited a dose-dependent augmentation of CH reactions to either DNFB (> 60%) or oxazolone (> 35%), respectively. Bovine brain PS-enriched phospholipid mixture, lyso-PS, and dipalmitoyl-PS also induced similar enhanced CH responses, whereas phosphatidylglycerols had no effect. Increased CH was observed only when PS was applied from 2 days before to 12 h after DNFB. Immunization of naive syngeneic mice with skin grafts that were treated with PS and DNFB also led to enhanced (> 50%) CH responses. In addition, immunization by iv injection of epidermal cell suspensions enriched for Langerhans cells (LC) or of purified LC that were treated with PS (1-100 microM, 30 min, 37 degrees C), and then modified in vitro with DNBS (1 mg/ml, 30 min, 37 degrees C) led to increased (> 30-75%) CH responses in recipient syngeneic animals. Finally, adoptive transfer of DNFB-immune lymph node cells obtained from mice that were treated with PS induced augmented CH responses in recipient animals. The results suggest that PS is capable of up-regulating the induction of CH in mice by stimulating the APC function of epidermal LC.
Superesolution in digital holographic microscopy (2011)

In this contribution, we address with the possibility to overcome the limited resolving power of imaging systems beyond the limit imposed by Abbe's diffraction theory. We first review the mathematical foundations underlying superresolution (SR) from an information theory point of view and then we focus on two multiplexing approaches in digital holographic microscopy (DHM) for achieving SR by synthetic aperture (SA) generation.
The high‐temperature degradation of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether) (1969)

Abstract The thermal degradation of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether) has been investigated to 1000°C in an inert atmosphere. X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were employed to study the physical changes in the polymer, and vapor‐phase chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometric thermal analysis were used to elucidate the chemical aspects of the degradation process. It was found that degradation occurs in two steps: ( 1 ) a rapid exothermic process occurs between 430 and 500°C, leading to the evolution of phenolic products, water, and a black, highly crosslinked residue, and ( 2 ) a slower, char‐forming process occurs above 500°C, characterized by the evolution of methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. The chars formed in process 2 were found by x‐ray analysis to be amorphous. The infrared spectrum of a sample heated to 510°C is nearly identical with that of the starting polymer, indicating that oxidative reactions are not important in the first process. The data for the low‐temperature process are consistent with a thermal degradation scheme based on the radical‐redistribution reaction of polyphenylene ethers and/or the degradation of o ‐benzylphenols formed by the thermal rearrangement of o ‐methyl diphenyl ethers. The char‐forming process is best explained by simultaneous operation of the Szwarc mechanism of toluene pyrolysis, producing hydrogen and methane and reactions that cleave the aromatic rings and produce carbon monoxide.
Design and fabrication of 1-by-4 MMI power splitter for optical communication (1999)

An optical power splitter to allow for fiber connections, which is based on an MMI coupler, in GaAs/GaAlAs has been designed and fabricated. The epitaxial materials are grown by MBE. The wet chemical etching process is applied to fabricate the ribs in this device. The measuring results are presented.
The use of thermovision in the detection of early breast cancer (1974)

A group of 4621 well women has been screened for the detection of early breast cancer by clinical examination and thermography, with mammography when the initial screening indicated the need for further investigation. The detection rate for early breast cancer is 5.8 per 1000. False negative and false positive results are discussed. Cancer 33:1664–1670, 1974.
Improvement of skin barrier function using lipid mixture (2001)

Dry skin is mainly caused by the perturbation of stratum corneum (SC) lipids which affected by aging, change of season and excess use of surfactant, and it is seen in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. SC intercellular lipid structures are responsible for the barrier function of mammalian skin. Recent studies have shown that application of one or two of these lipids to the perturbed skin rather delays barrier recovery; only equimolar mixtures of these lipids allow normal recovery. We aimed to elucidate that the treatment of equimolar lipid mixture composed of ceramides, cholesterol and free fatty acids can improve the skin barrier recovery, and that a synthetic pseudoceramide (PC104, Pacific Co., Korea) can substitute the natural ceramides in fortifying barrier function. We prepared lipid mixtures as described above, and treated topically as single or mixture form to young & aged hairless mouse under normal & dry environment. Improvement of their skin barrier function was monitored by transepideraml water loss and electron microscopic study. In clinical study with aged peoples, two of general moisturizer and moisturizer containing lipid mixture in 2% were applied to each human leg to investigate of the improvement of skin moisture content. We observed that barrier recovery rate was improved by topical application of single neutral lipids (linoleic acid, cholesterol) and lipid mixtures in hairless mice. Whereas single lipid didn't allow a significant enhancement compared to normal barrier recovery, the equimolar mixtures of 3 components (including synthetic pseudoceramide PC104) improved much barrier repair. At the clinical study with old peoples over sixty-year old who have dry skin, skin dryness was recuperated by the increase of moisture (capacitance) and the reduction of scaling. The physiologic lipid mixture containing natural ceramides or synthetic pseudoceramide could be a new form of topical therapies for dry skin and dermatoses (e.g., psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and irritant dermatitis).
Laser processing of dental hard tissues (Invited Paper) (2005)

In addition to their use for the painless removal of dental decay, lasers are also well suited to modify the chemical composition of the mineral phase of dental hard tissues in order to render the tissues more resistant to acid dissolution and for the modification of the hard tissue morphology for better adhesion to restorative materials. In this paper the principal applications of lasers for the processing of dental hard tissues are discussed with an emphasis on the influence of an externally applied layer of water. The presence of an optically thick layer of water profoundly influences the phase composition of the laser irradiated tissue surface and the morphology resulting in more efficient ablation, better adhesion and improved resistance to acid dissolution.
Lifetime history of alcohol consumption and K‐<i>ras</i> mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2009)

Alcohol consumption is weakly associated with an increased risk of having a K-ras mutated PDA. To confirm or to refute the hypothesis that ethanol, acetaldehyde or other alcohol-related substances might influence the acquisition or persistence of K-ras mutations in the pancreatic epithelium, large and unselected studies are warranted.
Adaptive multichannel filtering (2005)

A linearly constrained adaptive multichannel filtering algorithm is described which is designed to adjust the filter coefficients, sample by sample, within the prescribed constraints for adaptive noise cancelling purposes. This technique is applicable to many array processing problems where in the signal is corrupted by coherent as well as random noise. By minimizing the ℓ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> norm of the filter output with time-varying convergence functions containing a version of automatic gain control and a stochastic approximation-like sequence of constants, the algorithm is shown capable of suppressing coherent noises while leaving the signal relatively unchanged.
CDK4/6 or MAPK blockade enhances efficacy of EGFR inhibition in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2017)

Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a deadly disease where systemic therapy has relied upon empiric chemotherapy despite the presence of genomic alterations pointing to candidate therapeutic targets, including recurrent amplification of the gene encoding receptor tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Here, we demonstrate that EGFR-targeting small-molecule inhibitors have efficacy in EGFR-amplified oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but may become quickly ineffective. Resistance can occur following the emergence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and by reactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway following EGFR blockade. We demonstrate that blockade of this rebound activation with MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibition enhances EGFR inhibitor-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and delays resistance to EGFR monotherapy. Furthermore, genomic profiling shows that cell cycle regulators are altered in the majority of EGFR-amplified tumours and a combination of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) and EGFR inhibitors prevents the emergence of resistance in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that upfront combination strategies targeting EGFR amplification, guided by adaptive pathway reactivation or by co-occurring genomic alterations, should be tested clinically.
Emerging concepts in deep Raman spectroscopy of biological tissue (2009)

This article reviews emerging Raman techniques for deep, non-invasive characterisation of biological tissues. As generic analytical tools, the new methods pave the way for a host of new applications including non-invasive bone disease diagnosis, chemical characterisation of 'stone-like' materials in urology and cancer detection in a number of organs.
Argumentação jurídica como técnica de justificação do pensamento (2018)

O artigo discute teorias da argumentacao juridica, na tentativa de concluir que a ciencia do Direito nao pode se atrelar a uma unica metodologia, considerando a complexidade que lhe e intrinseca. Objetiva-se demonstrar que argumentacao nao se afasta dos valores do ser humano, nem e capaz de conduzir a uma verdade absoluta, embora sirva para fundamentar de modo racional e dialogal as escolhas e conclusoes a que se chega, a partir das fontes formais do Direito. Os resultados foram obtidos por intermedio de estudo bibliografico, com pesquisa do tipo qualitativa. A investigacao conclui que o Direito pressuposto e o posto entrelacam-se de tal forma que a certeza do encontro de um resultado acertado a uma demanda juridica se perde entre argumentos, que no mais das vezes  antagonizam-se. Pretende-se a correcao, mas nao se pode garanti-la.
Built-in self-testing of micropipelines (2002)

An asynchronous ARM6 microprocessor (AMULET1), designed at the University of Manchester using a two-phase signalling protocol, and the latest release of the AMULET2e embedded controller implemented using four-phase signalling, have proved the practical feasibility of the micropipeline design approach. A built-in self-test (BIST) micropipeline design based on an asynchronous BILBO register is presented in this paper. All the stage registers of the micropipeline are implemented using the proposed asynchronous BILBO register which can operate in four modes: normal operation, shift, linear feedback shift register (LFSR) and signature analyser mode. The test procedure described in this paper provides for the detection of all single stuck-at faults in the micropipeline. It is shown that delay faults in the combinational logic blocks of the BIST micropipeline can be tested by using BLBO registers of a doubled size.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) Approaches and Deep Meta-Learning Models (2020)

The explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) is one of the interesting issues that has emerged recently. Many researchers are trying to deal with the subject with different dimensions and interesting results that have come out. However, we are still at the beginning of the way to understand these types of models. The forthcoming years are expected to be years in which the openness of deep learning models is discussed. In classical artificial intelligence approaches, we frequently encounter deep learning methods available today. These deep learning methods can yield highly effective results according to the data set size, data set quality, the methods used in feature extraction, the hyper parameter set used in deep learning models, the activation functions, and the optimization algorithms. However, there are important shortcomings that current deep learning models are currently inadequate. These artificial neural network-based models are black box models that generalize the data transmitted to it and learn from the data. Therefore, the relational link between input and output is not observable. This is an important open point in artificial neural networks and deep learning models. For these reasons, it is necessary to make serious efforts on the explainability and interpretability of black box models.
Cooperation of B cells and T cells is required for survival of mice infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (1997)

To define the role of T cells and B cells in resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection, knockout mice with different specific immune defects on an identical background were infected i.v. and the outcome of infection was compared; in this way a more complete picture of the relative importance of various host defence mechanisms could be obtained. Compared to T and B cell-deficient SCID mice which all succumbed from encephalitis within 5-9 days of infection, T cell-deficient nude mice generally lived longer, but within a period of approximately 1 month after challenge all died. In contrast, B cell-deficient mice were highly susceptible even to low doses of virus and mortality could be prevented by transfer of naive B cells prior to challenge as well as by immune serum given after challenge. Analysis of MHC class I- and class II-deficient mice revealed that CD8+ T cells could exert some antiviral activity, but CD4+ T cells sufficed for survival and were required for optimal resistance. Consistent with this it was found that in nude mice a lethal outcome could be prevented by transfer of CD8-depleted cells from B cell-deficient mice. Thus our results clearly demonstrate that while antibodies are pivotal for survival in the early phase of VSV infection, T cells are required for long-term survival, with CD4+ T cells being more effective in controlling this infection than CD8+ T cells.
Improved high-contrast imaging with on-axis telescopes using a multistage vortex coronagraph (2011)

The vortex coronagraph is one of the most promising coronagraphs for high-contrast imaging because of its simplicity, small inner working angle, high throughput, and clear off-axis discovery space. However, as with most coronagraphs, centrally obscured on-axis telescopes degrade contrast. Based on the remarkable ability of vortex coronagraphs to move light between the interior and exterior of pupils, we propose a method based on multiple vortices, that without sacrificing throughput, reduces the residual light leakage to (a/A)(n), with n ≥ 4, and a and A being the radii of the central obscuration and primary mirror, respectively. This method thus enables high contrasts to be reached even with an on-axis telescope.
Further Validation of Fetax: Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity of Five Known Mammalian Teratogens and Non-Teratogens (1990)

The developmental toxicity of five compounds was evaluated with the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX). Late Xenopus laevis blastulae were exposed to 5-azacytidine, methotrexate, pseudoephedrine, aspartame, and amaranth for 96 h. Three separate static-renewal assays were conducted for each compound. Based on Teratogenic Index [LC50/EC50 (malformation)] values, types and severity of induced malformations, and embryo growth, 5-azacytidine and methotrexate tested as having strong teratogenic potential. Pseudoephedrine scored as having moderate teratogenic potential, but amaranth and aspartame had little or no teratogenic potential. Results support the use of FETAX for the screening of developmental toxicants.