gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pigment surface treatments : a bench chemist's guide (1994)

We will review both consumer benefits (two-way cakes, hydrophobicity, skin adhesion, product feel, suspension, moisturization, applications/spreadibility) and process benefits (dispersibility, pressability, oil absorption, uniform surface properties, shrinkage) derived from cosmetic products using surface-treated pigments; different treatment types (silicone(methicone), silky silicone, silicone(dimethicone), metal soap, amino acid, lecithin, collagen, polyethylene, polyacrylate/lecithin, teflon, dimethicone copolyol, lauroyl lysine, metal alkoxides, fluorocarbon, etc); and factors to consider when using treated pigments (surface treatments vs. coatings, desired pH, pulverization, temperature, multiple treatments, treatment mixing, patents)
Temperature of Multibubble Sonoluminescence in Water (1999)

Sonoluminescence (SL) spectra were collected from water doped with several organic liquids at low concentrations. Most of the organic substances studied show emission from C2 and an overall decrease in the intensity relative to SL from pure water. This decrease is due to the consumption by the organic substrates of hydroxyl radicals and other incipient emitting species produced during sonolysis. Small concentrations of carbon disulfide do not lead to emission from C2 but do cause an increase in SL intensity across the spectral window, most likely due to its own fluorescence. Carbon tetrachloride does not change the intensity of water sonoluminescence but does exhibit C2 emission. This indicates that the dissociation of carbon tetrachloride inside the cavitation bubble is independent of the products of water sonolysis. Benzene shows the strongest C2 emission and was studied in the greatest detail. The emission of excited-state C2 arising from the sonication of benzene/water mixtures at 20 kHz was used to determine an effective emission temperature during cavitation in water. Interband analysis of the two C2 bands observed during irradiation of water/benzene mixtures at 278 K under Ar indicates an emission temperature of 4300 ± 200 K.
Long range chirality transfer in free radical polymerization of vinylterphenyl monomers bearing chiral alkoxy groups (2013)

ABSTRACT Two series of chiral bulky vinyl aromatics, 2‐(4'‐alkoxyphenyl)‐5‐(4'‐hexyloxyphenyl)styrene ( S‐ Am ( m = 0, 1, 2, 3)/ R‐ A0 ) and 2‐(4'‐hexyloxyphenyl)‐5‐(4'‐alkoxyphenyl)styrene ( S‐ Bm ( m = 0, 1, 2, 3)/ R‐ B0 ), were synthesized and radically polymerized (where m denotes the carbon number between stereogenic center and ether oxygen atom). The generation and stereomutation of helical structures as well as chirality transfer from the stereogenic center of the side‐group to the polymer backbone during polymerization were investigated by a combination of 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR, polarimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy, liquid crystal induced circular dichroism, and computer simulation. All the polymers, except S‐ B3, display optical rotations and Cotton effects in the UV‐Vis absorption region of terphenyl pendant, which are quite different from the corresponding model compounds and monomers, suggesting the formation of chiral secondary structures, that is, skewed packing of side‐groups and twisting of polymer backbones with a dominant screw sense. The sign of optical rotation changes alternatively and the strength diminishes when m increases from 1 to 3. However, although the stereogenic centers in S‐ A0 and S‐ B0 are closer to the vinyl group than those in S‐ A1 and S‐ B1, separately, a weaker chiral induction power is observed. Moreover, optical rotations of polymers derived from S‐ A0 / R‐ A0 and S‐ B0 / R‐ B0 are opposite in sign and increase with annealing time in tetrahydrofuran. These results are in a sharp contrast with our previous findings in similar vinylterphenyl compounds, where ‐COO‐ rather than ‐O‐ links the chiral alkyl tail to the terphenyl group, manifesting a remarkable effect of small structural variation of side‐group on polymer chiroptical properties and complexity of chirality transfer in helix‐sense‐selective polymerization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3674–3687
Early immunization of calves with an inactivated vaccine against trichophytosis. (1988)

The investigations demonstrated that the inactivated vaccine against trichophytosis, elaborated by the authors, induced immune response in calves, aged 5-8 days. The state of immunity was assessed in vitro by the leukocyte migration inhibition test, and in vivo by the allergic test and the challenge test. In all vaccinated calves (10 animals) there occurred delayed hypersensitivity and in six cases also a significant leukocyte migration inhibition. Vaccinated animals exposed to challenge were to a large extent resistant to experimental infection with the virulent strain of T. verrucosum.
Effect of Coordination Training on Proprioception of the Functionally Unstable Ankle (1998)

Exercises to improve joint proprioception and coordination of the functionally unstable ankle are advocated throughout the literature, yet there is little evidence that these exercise have any effect on proprioception and balance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 6-week coordination and balance training program on proprioception of subjects with functional ankle instability. Forty-five subjects (age = 22.53 +/- 3.95 years, height = 172.04 +/- 10.0 cm, weight = 71.72 +/- 15.7 kg) were randomly placed into a control (Group 1), sham (Group 2), or experimental (Group 3) group. The experimental group trained 3 days per week, 10 minutes each day, performing various balance and proprioception exercises. Postural sway and active and passive joint position sense were assessed. Analysis of variance for postural sway modified equilibrium score for anterior and posterior sway, as well as medial and lateral sway revealed significant four-way interactions. Tukey post hoc analyses revealed that Group 3 performed significantly better (p < .05) than Group 1 and Group 2 on the posttests. There were no significant differences for joint position sense or postural sway index. Results suggest that balance and coordination training can improve some measures of postural sway. It is still unclear if joint position sense can be improved in the functionally unstable ankle.
Practical accuracy limitations in airborne microwave interferometric direction finding (2002)

This paper summarizes an investigation of the practical bearing accuracy of airborne interferometric direction finding systems. The results of simulations and measurements of practical systems are compared. The performance of three sample systems of varying complexity are predicted. The paper concludes with a prediction of the maximum practical bearing accuracy achievable within the constraints of an airborne interferometer.
Molecular and Cellular Iron Transport (2002)

This text analyzes the molecular mechanisms, chemical behaviour and regulation of iron transport in biological systems and offers novel methods for the assessment of iron transport across biological membranes. It details the characteristics and consequences of iron deficiency and excess to prevent diseases affecting major organ structures and promote bodily iron homeostasis.
Fault diagnosis in Benes switching networks (1987)

Faulty switches, broken interswitch connections and certain bridging faults in a Benes switching network can be identified using a sequence of faulty paths across the network. The method described may use on-line faulty-path data and is suitable for use in the diagnosis of intermittent faults. It is shown that a single faulty switch can be identified in less than four random faulty paths on average, after presentation of the initial faulty path. The method applies to other types of switching network and provides a similar performance.
A Hybrid Multicast Routing Approach with Enhanced Methods for Mesh-Based Networks-on-Chip (2018)

Multicast communication can greatly enhance the performance of Networks-on-Chip. Currently most multicast routing algorithms are either tree-based or path-based. The former has low latency but needs to solve multicast deadlocks through additional hardware resources. The latter can avoid deadlocks easily but may require long routing paths. In this paper we propose a hybrid multicast routing approach that combines the advantages of both path- and tree-based methods. The proposed approach ensures deadlock-free multicast routing without requiring additional virtual channels or large buffers to hold large packets. High routing performance is achieved using an adaptive routing strategy considering the traffic load in nearby routers. Two techniques, namely node balancing and path balancing, are further developed to enhance this hybrid routing algorithm. Extensive experiments with different buffer sizes, packet sizes and numbers of destinations per packet under random and Rent's rule traffic at various traffic injection rates have been conducted. The results show that the average latency of our approach is lower than previous multicast routing algorithms in most cases, and the saturation points of our approach are always at much higher injection rates.
Recent Developments in Organotin Chemistry (1963)

Abstract New synthetic methods developed in the field of organotin compounds since 1959 are reviewed. The use of alkyl aluminum compounds brings an advance in the preparation of tetraalkyltin derivatives, alkyltin halides, and alkyltin hydrides. Organotin hydrides offer new possibilities for the production of monomeric and polymeric organotin compounds. Diethyltin and diphenyltin, which are obtained by catalytic dehydrogenation of the respective dialkyltin dihydrides, are cyclic compounds. – The literature since 1959 is reviewed.
Scheduling parallelizable tasks (1992)

In this paper we formulate the following natural multiprocessor scheduling problem: Consider a parallel system with P processors. Suppose that there are Ntasks to be scheduled on this system, and that the execution time of each task j ε {1,…,N} is a nonincreasing function tj(βj) of the number of processors βj ε {1,…,P} allotted to it. The goal is to find, for each task j, an allotment of processors βj, and, overall, a schedule assigning the tasks to the processors which minimizes the makespan, or latest task completion time. The so-called shelf strategy is commonly used for orthogonal rectangle packing, a related and classic optimization problem. The prime difference between the orthogonal rectangle problem and our own is that in our case the rectangles are, in some sense, malleable: The height of each rectangle is a nonincreasing function of its width. In this paper, we solve our multiprocessor scheduling problem exactly in the context of a shelf-based paradigm. The algorithm we give uses techniques from resource allocation theory and employs a variety of other combinatorial optimization techniques.
Surface-Induced Dissociation in a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer:  Instrument Design and Evaluation (2002)

A new Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FTICR MS) has been constructed in our laboratory. The instrument employs surface-induced dissociation (SID) as an activation method for obtaining structural information on biomolecules in the gas phase. Tandem SID mass spectra can be acquired using either a continuous or a pulsed mode of operation. Collision energy of precursor ion is controlled by a dc offset of the ICR cell. This approach eliminates defocusing of the ion beam by the ion-transfer optics as a function of ion kinetic energy and constitutes a significant improvement over our previous experimental setup. Furthermore, it can be easily implemented on any FTICR mass spectrometer. Very high signal-to-noise ratios of 200-500 were obtained in single-scan SID mass spectra of model peptides with acquisition time less than 1.1 s. Reasonable SID signal was detected in single-scan spectra with total acquisition time of only 0.3 s. The high signal-to-noise ratio and the fast acquisition time point on a potential application of SID for high-throughput studies in FTICR MS.
Comparison of Temporal Perception of Fruitiness in Model Systems Sweetened with Aspartame, an Aspartame + Acesulfame K Blend, or Sucrose (1991)

ABSTRACT Sweetness and fruitiness of equisweet solutions of aspartame (APM), an aspartame + acesulfame‐K blend (APM/AK) or sucrose were evaluated in binary (BIN) (sweetener and orange flavor) and tertiary (TER) (BIN and citric acid) systems by time‐intensity (TI) methodology. Sweetener solutions adjusted to the viscosity of sucrose (APM* and APM/AK*) showed small inconsistent differences from their unthickened counterparts. In BIN systems, APM and APM* had the longest duration (DUR) of sweetness and fruitiness. In TER systems, APM* increased maximum intensity (MAX) and DUR of fruitness and S decreased sourness MAX and DUR relative to APM and APM/AK blends. Fruitiness MAX was perceived later than sweetness, whereas sweetness DUR persisted longer than fruitiness.
Video chip set for data rate compression by filtering and DPCM coding (2003)

Low-cost transmission of digital color TV signals for ISDN needs a data reduction to reduce the required channel bandwidth. A CMOS chip set performing a data rate compression from 140 Mb/s to 34 Mb/s is presented. It consists of a digital filter of sixth order switchable to horizontal or vertical filtering, an adjustable delay line, and a DPCM codec with a two-dimensional prediction algorithm and an adaptive quantizer characteristic. A set of experimental chips has been realized to demonstrate the feasibility of compact low-cost system components and to explore the potential of advanced CMOS technologies. Fully functional first silicon in 1.5- mu m CMOS technology was obtained. The achieved performance data guarantee correct function even under worst-case conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expression of Programmed Death–1 Ligand (PD‐L) 1, PD‐L2, B7‐H3, and Inducible Costimulator Ligand on Human Respiratory Tract Epithelial Cells and Regulation by Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Type 1 and 2 Cytokines (2006)

BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with wheezing illness, and infections can occur repeatedly throughout life. We hypothesized that RSV infection of respiratory tract epithelial cells up-regulates B7 molecules that regulate memory immune responses and that type 1 and 2 cytokines differentially modulate this induction MethodsWe used flow-cytometric analysis to investigate programmed death–1 ligand (PD-L) 1, PD-L2, B7-H3, and inducible costimulatory ligand (ICOS-L) expression on tracheal (NCI-H292), bronchial (BEAS-2B), and alveolar (A549) epithelial cells; regulation of this expression by RSV, interferon (IFN)–γ, and interleukin (IL)–4; and the effects of IFN-γ and IL-4 on RSV-induced expression of these molecules ResultsB7-H3 was strongly expressed, PD-L1 and ICOS-L were moderately expressed, and PD-L2 was weakly expressed on unstimulated tracheal, bronchial, and alveolar epithelial cells. RSV infection up-regulated PD-L1, PD-L2, and B7-H3 expression on all cells and ICOS-L expression on bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. IL-4 treatment alone had no effect, whereas IFN-γ treatment alone increased PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression on all cells and decreased B7-H3 expression on bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. On RSV-infected alevolar epithelial cells, IFN-γ treatment increased PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression and decreased B7-H3 and ICOS-L expression, and IL-4 treatment increased PD-L2 and B7-H3 expression and decreased ICOS-L expression ConclusionsRespiratory tract epithelial cells express a wide range of B7 molecules. RSV infection increases their expression, and this expression is differentially regulated by IFN-γ and IL-4. These processes may be involved in decreasing T cell antiviral immune responses to RSV and in RSV-associated wheezing
Semiporous Reinforcing Fillers for Composite, Resins: II. Heat Treatments and Etching Characteristics (1976)

Candidate experimental semiporous reinforcing filler particles were prepared by heat treatment of certain glass compositions, followed by crushing and etching. Optical microscopic techniques were aided by the use of certain dyes and staining procedures to manifest submicroscopic interconnected porosity in the surface of the particles. The goal of this endeavor was to develop semiporous glass reinforcing fillers for the improvement of dental composite materials.
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF NiZrH<sub>3</sub> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF NiZrH3William L. KorstCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1962, 66, 2, 370–372Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/j100808a515RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (434 KB) Get e-Alerts
Sandmeyer and related reactions (1952)

W. A. Cowdrey and D. S. Davies, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1952, 6, 358 DOI: 10.1039/QR9520600358
Why certain dyes are useful for localizing the sentinel lymph node. (2002)

Ionizable groups (sulfonic acids) that are present in the structure of dyes are directly involved in dye-protein binding. At the molecular level, there is a sulfonation reaction between sulfonic acid dyes and amino groups on the protein surface to form sulfonamide complexes. This reaction shows how the soluble dyes Evans blue and Patent blue are trapped in lymph after subdermal injection during the sentinel node biopsy procedure.
Simulation and modeling of wafer level silicon-base spiral inductor (2012)

With the development of radio frequency wireless communication technology, there are strong demands of spiral inductor with high performance and low profile. The inductor is a basic component of IPD (Integrated Passive Devices [1]) including oscillators, filters, mixers and baluns. In this paper, the structure and process of fabricating a high performance wafer level silicon-base spiral inductor was presented and the effects of geometrical parameters on the inductance and quality factor were studied via a commercial 3-D EM [2] (Electromagnetic) simulator software. The performance was compared with the traditional on-chip embedded inductors. The results show that the number of turns and inner radius significantly impact the inductance and the performance of the mentioned spiral inductor is better than the traditional on-chip embedded inductors.
Human lung tissue and anaphylaxis: the effects of histamine on the immunologic release of mediators. (1978)

The IgE-mediated, antigen-induced release of histamine from human lung tissue causes profound changes in lung cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Exogenous histamine similarly induces increases in both cyclic nucleotides; pretreatment with H-1 antihistamines prevents the increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate, whereas H-2 antihistamines prevent the increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Anaphylaxis of human lung in vitro is unaffected by the presence of 1-100 micron histamine, H-1 antihistamines, H-2 antihistamines, or combinations of these agents despite the production of selective increases in total lung cyclic nucleotides. Futhermore, selective histamine agonists (2-methylhistamine [H-1 agonist] or dimaprit [H-2 agonist]) also fail to significantly influence the immunologic release of mediators. Histamine examined in the presence of ethylenediaminetetra-acetate was no more capable of modulating mediator release than when in the presence of calcium, in contrast to previous studies involving the human basophilic leukocyte. Therefore, the human lung mast cell is unresponsive to histamine with regard to modulating the antigen-induced, IgE-dependent, generation of mediators.
Low Delay Filter Banks with Perfect Reconstruction (1996)

The design of modulated filter banks with a low system delay and with perfect reconstruction will be shown. The filter lengths K can be chosen arbitrarily. The well known orthogonal filter banks have a system delay of K - 1 samples. The proposed filter banks can reduce this delay to N - 1 samples, where N is the number of bands. The design method uses a decomposition or factorization of the polyphase matrix into cascades of simple matrices. Several factorizations with different properties will be shown. A factorization will be introduced which is more general and needs fewer multiplications than previous approaches (K/2 + N). The resulting filter banks can have analysis and synthesis frequency responses that can be made different from each other, leading to biorthogonal filter banks. An optimization algorithm for the frequency response of the resulting filter banks will be given. Examples show the feasibility of designing even big filter banks with many bands with low system delay and high stopband attenuation.
Two-Phase Compressibility Factors for Retrograde Gases (1992)

Summary The two-phase compressibility factor should be used in material-balance calculations for rich-gas-condensate systems. This paper presents a correlation for estimating this factor from field data. The correlation, which is based on 67 fluid-depletion studies with C7+ concentrations ≥4 mol% also applies to rich gases with large amounts of CO2, H2S, and N2. The correlation gives an average error of 3.66% but may result in larger errors for some rich gases.
Continuous Manufacture of Cottage and Other Uncured Cheese Varieties (1975)

Manufacture of quarg (quark) by continuous fermentation in a two-stage fermenter is discussed.The process, which required sterile media and utilized single strain lactic streptococci, operated successfully for several days without problems.A mechanical washer-cooler for cottage cheese curd is described.It provides for curd washing in an enclosed system and utilizes about half the water needed for vat washing.The growth of lactic streptococci in cottage cheese milk appears to contribute something other than acid production which affects the body and texture of cottage cheese curd.When skim milk was precultured to pH 5.7 or 5.5 prior to making cottage cheese by direct acidification, the moisture holding capacity and firmness of the curd were increased and body and texture scores were improved.A combination of preculturing skim milk coupled with continuous direct acidification is proposed for cottage cheese making.