gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control Strategy for Discontinuous Conduction Mode Boost Rectifier with Low Total Harmonic Distortion and Improved Dynamic Response (2008)

Due to its simplicity, the discontinuous conduction mode boost rectifier is potentially the least expensive active line-harmonics reducing circuit. Problem statement: The line current however, shows considerable distortion when the peak input voltage is close to the output voltage, As a result, the input power factor is poor. This study proposes a simple, low-cost method to reduce the line harmonics. Approach: A periodic voltage signal was injected in the control circuit to vary the duty cycle of the boost switch within a line cycle so that the third-order harmonic of the input current is reduced and the THD is improved. The proposed technique eliminates the additional harmonic generator, phase detecting and phase-locking circuits, which was proposed in the literature. Instead we can utilize the bridge rectifier's output voltage of the boost converter to modulate the duty cycle of the boost switch. As a result, the injected signal is naturally synchronized with line current. In addition, to obtain nearly constant harmonic content over a wide range of load variation, a modulation index m is used to update the injected signal with a fraction of duty cycle which reflects the load changes. Results: The results proved that third-order harmonic, which was the Lowest Order Harmonic (LOH), can be attenuated by adjusting the modulation index of the injected signal. Moreover, the rectifier shows a good transient performance where the converter's output voltage overshoots during load and input voltage transients is reduced. Conclusions/Recommendations: The proposed circuit can be used as a front-end converter for DC/DC or DC/AC converters in order to improve the power factor of the input current. Also the proposed control circuit could be integrated in a single chip in order to reduce the cost of the industrial implementation.
Label-Free and Substrate-Free Potentiometric Aptasensing Using Polycation-Sensitive Membrane Electrodes (2012)

A potentiometric label-free and substrate-free (LFSF) aptasensing strategy which eliminates the labeling, separation, and immobilization steps is described in this paper. An aptamer binds specifically to a target molecule via reaction incubation, which could induce a change in the aptamer conformation from a random coil-like configuration to a rigid folded structure. Such a target binding-induced aptamer conformational change effectively prevents the aptamer from electrostatically interacting with the protamine binding domain. This could either shift the response curve for the potentiometric titration of the aptamer with protamine as monitored by a conventional polycation-sensitive membrane electrode or change the current-dependent potential detected by a protamine-conditioned polycation-sensitive electrode with the pulsed current-driven ion fluxes of protamine across the polymeric membrane. Using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a model analyte, the proposed concept offers potentiometric detection of ATP down to the submicromolar concentration range and has been applied to the determination of ATP in HeLa cells. In contrast to the current LFSF aptasensors based on optical detection, the proposed strategy allows the LFSF biosensing of aptamer/target binding events in a homogeneous solution via electrochemical transduction. It is anticipated that the proposed strategy will lay a foundation for development of potentiometric sensors for LFSF aptasensing of a variety of analytes where target binding-induced conformational changes such as the formation of folded structures and the opening of DNA hairpin loops are involved.
Glucagon administration – underevaluated and undertaught (2001)

Abstract Glucagon treatment requires a manually dexterous ‘operator’ who is composed, confident and competent in the whole procedure. Anecdotal reports from parents of teenagers describing difficulties in administering this procedure during severe hypoglycaemia led us to investigate the ‘techniques’ of 136 parents (106 parents of teenagers and 30 parents of young children). A simulated administration by parents using Novo Nordisk Glucagen ® Hypokits was timed, rated and compared with a group of diabetes health professionals. Parent's ‘real life’ experiences of education and administration were obtained with a standard questionnaire. Glucagon residues in syringes and vials were estimated in a laboratory. Sixty nine per cent had handling difficulties ranging from opening the container to drawing the correct dose into the syringe. There was no statistical difference in time taken to complete the procedure between the two parent groups. However there was a significant difference between parents and the professional group. Parents were not accurate in administering dosages as recommended. Young children weighing more than 25 kg would have received less than the required dose. All parents reported verbal instruction with demonstration of the procedure at initial education. We suggest that glucagon administration needs to be taught ‘hands on’ and the skill reassessed on an annual basis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards mass-produced building models (2007)

Interest in the automatic production of 3D building models has increased over the last years. The reconstruction of buildings, particularly their facades, is a hard subproblem, given the large variety in their appearances and structures. This paper discusses building facade reconstruction algorithms that process single images and exploit expectations about facade composition. In particular, we make heavy use of the repetitions that tend to occur, e.g. in windows and balconies. But this is only an example of the kind of rules found in recent architectural shape grammars. We distinguish between cases without and with substantial perspective effects in the input image. The focus is on the latter case, where also some depth layering in the facade can be performed automatically. We give several examples of real building reconstructions.
Magnetic levitation and propulsion, 1975 (1975)

A status report on progress toward the development of a magnetic levitation and propulsion system for mass transportation is presented. It summarizes important results and provides a bibliography for further study. Emphasis is placed on various aspects of different magnetic structures which have been proposed for this application.
Dual origin of mesenchymal stem cells contributing to organ growth and repair (2011)

In many adult tissues, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are closely associated with perivascular niches and coexpress many markers in common with pericytes. The ability of pericytes to act as MSCs, however, remains controversial. By using genetic lineage tracing, we show that some pericytes differentiate into specialized tooth mesenchyme-derived cells--odontoblasts--during tooth growth and in response to damage in vivo. As the pericyte-derived mesenchymal cell contribution to odontoblast differentiation does not account for all cell differentiation, we identify an additional source of cells with MSC-like properties that are stimulated to migrate toward areas of tissue damage and differentiate into odontoblasts. Thus, although pericytes are capable of acting as a source of MSCs and differentiating into cells of mesenchymal origin, they do so alongside other MSCs of a nonpericyte origin. This study identifies a dual origin of MSCs in a single tissue and suggests that the pericyte contribution to MSC-derived mesenchymal cells in any given tissue is variable and possibly dependent on the extent of the vascularity.
The private life (2010)

The peace and prettiness of the whole land … has been good to me, and I stay on with unabated relish. But I stay in solitude. I don't see a creature. That, too, dreadful to relate, I like.(Henry James, letter to Edmund Gosse, 28 August 1896)
Light-emitting transistor based on real-space transfer: electrical and optical properties (1993)

The charge injection transistor is implemented in InGaAs/InAlAs/InGaAs heterostructure material, grown by molecular beam epitaxy. A complementary collector of p-type conductivity is used for the first time. The real-space transfer of hot electrons leads to a luminescence signal proportional to the injection current. The radiative efficiency is significantly enhanced by a double-heterostructure design of the collector active region, which confines the injected minority carriers. The internal quantum efficiency of the light-emitting transistor is comparable to that of light-emitting diodes. Due to peculiar symmetry of real-space transfer, the optical output signal follows an exclusive-OR function of input voltages. Functional logic operation of the device is demonstrated at room temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
18. o-Mercapto-azo-compounds. Part VIII. Preparation and debenzylation of 2-benzylthio-2′- and -4′-nitroazobenzene (1956)

A. Burawoy, A. Chaudhuri and C. E. Vellins, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 90 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560000090
Refinement methods for geometric bounds in constructive solid geometry (1992)

In constructive solid geometry, geometric solids are represented as trees whose leaves are labeled by primitive solids and whose internal nodes are labeled by set-theoretic operations. A bounding function in this context is an upper or lower estimate on the extent of the constituent sets; such bounds are commonly used to speed up algorithms based on such trees. We introduce the class of totally consistent bounding functions , which have the desirable properties of allowing surprisingly good bounds to be built quickly. Both outer and inner bounds can be refined using a set of rewrite rules, for which we give some complexity and convergence results. We have implemented the refinement rules for outer bounds within a solid modeling system, where they have proved especially useful for intersection testing in three and four dimensions. Our implementations have used boxes as bounds, but different classes (shapes) of bounds are also explored. The rewrite rules are also applicable to relatively slow, exact operations, which we explore for their theoretical insight, and to general Boolean algebras. Results concerning the relationship between these bounds and active zones are also noted.
Cocaine, Ecgonine Methyl Ester, and Benzoylecgonine Plasma Profiles in Rhesus Monkeys (1995)

From a public health point of view, cocaine (COC) presents serious clinical problems and deaths from overdose and lifelong addiction patterns, not to mention its involvement in crime, in the United States. This study subjected rhesus monkeys to one intravenous administration of COC (1 mg/kg), which closely imitates the smoking of "crack" COC with regard to dose and effect. We monitored plasma concentrations over time, beginning when the primates were in a state of hyperarousal. Blood was sampled at 1, 6, 12, and 40 min after dosing. Plasma concentrations of COC decreased rapidly with a half life of 15.7 min. Mean COC concentrations in the drug-treated group (n = 7) for the four timepoints were 296, 225, 187, and 80 ng/mL, respectively. Ecgonine methyl ester (EME) concentrations ranged from 57 to 91 ng/mL. When compared with the 1-min COC concentrations, the mean EME concentration was 30.7%. Benzoylecgonine (BZE) ranged from 34 to 42 ng/mL, and the mean concentration was 11.5% of the mean COC concentration at 1 min. EME and BZE concentrations did not vary appreciably over the time course of the study. Plasma norcocaine concentrations were less than the limit of detection of 25 ng/mL. Because a rapid decline in plasma COC concentrations over time was observed along with a very small change in EME and BZE concentrations, we attribute tissue redistribution of COC, particularly to the brain, as significant and metabolism or hydrolysis of COC as minor.
The Efficacy and Safety of Clazakizumab, an Anti–Interleukin‐6 Monoclonal Antibody, in a Phase IIb Study of Adults With Active Psoriatic Arthritis (2016)

This is the first clinical trial of an IL-6-targeted therapy in PsA. Clazakizumab may be an effective treatment option for musculoskeletal aspects of PsA, but because of the lack of a dose response in this study, further studies are required to confirm the appropriate dose. The safety profile is consistent with the pharmacology of IL-6 blockade and prior clinical experience with this antibody in rheumatoid arthritis.
History of Tribology (1979)

Having revised and updated his classic History of Tribology, Duncan Dowson - the father of tribology - takes his account of the subject from the earliest times to include the latest developments up to and including the present day. Illustrated with photographs, diagrams, and line drawings.
Type beta transforming growth factor controls the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3 fibroblasts. (1985)

Differentiating mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes have been used as a model system to study the ability of type beta transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) to modulate cell development. We find that TGF-beta inhibits potently (ID50 approximately equal to 25 pM) the adipogenic conversion of 3T3-L1 cells. Inhibition is observed only when cells are exposed to TGF-beta before they become committed to differentiation. Even a transient (4 hr) exposure to TGF-beta immediately before the commitment point is sufficient to prevent differentiation. This point coincides with the time point immediately preceding the onset of coordinate expression of differentiation-specific proteins in 3T3-L1 cells. TGF-beta interacts with cell surface receptors in 3T3-L1 cells that have structural and binding properties similar to TGF-beta receptors in other cell types in which TGF-beta acts as a growth activator or a growth inhibitor. However, TGF-beta does not markedly alter differentiation-related mitosis in 3T3-L1 cells. The action of TGF-beta on 3T3-L1 cells does not involve changes in cAMP or prostaglandin E levels. These results suggest that TGF-beta is a unique modulator of adipogenic differentiation of fibroblasts.
Foundation of biochemistry ; Biomolecules (1998)

Volume 1: Foundation of Biochemistry: 1. Frameworks of Biochemistry. Biomolecules: 2. Amino Acids and Peptides. 3. Proteins. 4. Enzymes. 5. Carbohydrates. 6. Lipids and Membranes. 7. Nucleic Acids. Volume 2: Metabolism: 8. Introduction to Metabolism. 9. Bioenergetics. 10. Carbohydrate Metabolism. 11. The Citric Acid Cycle. 12. Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation. 13. Lipid Metabolism. 14. Amino Acid and Nucleotide Metabolism. 15. Photosynthesis. Volume 3: Transfer of Genetic Information: 16. Introduction to Molecular Biology. 17. Replication - The Synthesis of DNA. 18. Transcription - The Synthesis of RNA. 19. Translation - The Synthesis of Protein. Appendices: A: Acid-Base Calculations. B: Principles of Organic Chemistry. C: Tools of Biochemistry. D: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. Answers to Problems. Index. Contents: Solutions Manual: Detailed solutions for the 491 problems and questions in the Biochemistry textbook.
Passive source localization from spatially correlated angle-of-arrival data (1983)

Bias and variance equations are presented for two-dimensional location estimators of a nonmoving point source of radiation in an isotropic, stationary random medium. The estimators are calculated from spatially correlated angle-of-arrival data which are collected simultaneously at two sensor positions, and assumed to consist of true (unbiased) source angles plus zero-mean angular noise with equal variances at both sensors and negligible higher moments. Under these assumptions the square of the estimator bias is, in general, a quadratic function and the estimator variance a linear function of the spatial data correlation coefficient. However, for source ranges much larger than sensor separation, both the bias and the variance tend to increase linearly with decreasing correlation coefficient, whereas they tend to decrease with increasing sensor separation. The combined effect for a distant source in a stationary random medium, when evaluated for typical spatial wavefront autocorrelation functions, is a significant reduction in the estimator bias and variance dependence on sensor separation, as compared to the uncorrelated case. With minor modifications, the same results apply to the equivalent problem of using time-of-arrival data from three colinear sensor positions.
Multiple Signals Regulate Trafficking of the Mannose 6-Phosphate-uncovering Enzyme (2002)

The "uncovering enzyme," which catalyzes the second step in the formation of the mannose 6-phosphate recognition marker on lysosomal enzyme oligosaccharides, resides primarily in the trans-Golgi network and cycles between this compartment and the plasma membrane. An analysis of green fluorescent protein-uncovering enzyme chimeras revealed that the transmembrane segment and the first 11 residues of the 41-residue-cytoplasmic tail are sufficient for retention in the trans-Golgi network. The next eight residues ((486)YAYHPLQE(493)) facilitate exit from this compartment. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the (488)YHPL(491) sequence also mediates rapid internalization at the plasma membrane. This motif binds adaptor protein-2 in glutathione S-transferase-uncovering enzyme-cytoplasmic tail pull-down assays, indicating that the uncovering enzyme is endocytosed via clathrin-coated vesicles. Consistent with this finding, endogenous uncovering enzyme was detected in purified clathrin-coated vesicles. The enzyme with a Y486A mutation is internalized normally but accumulates on the cell surface because of increased recycling to the plasma membrane. This residue is required for efficient return of the enzyme from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. These findings indicate that the YAYHPLQE motif is recognized at several sorting sites, including the trans-Golgi network, the plasma membrane, and the endosome.
TGF-β Mediated Immune Evasion in Cancer—Spotlight on Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (2020)

Various components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a critical role in promoting tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. One of the primary functions of the TME is to stimulate an immunosuppressive environment around the tumor through multiple mechanisms including the activation of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key cells in the TME that regulate the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) components under the influence of TGF-β. Recent reports from our group and others have described an ECM-related and CAF-associated novel gene signature that can predict resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Importantly, studies have begun to test whether targeting some of these CAF-associated components can be used as a combinatorial approach with ICB. This perspective summarizes recent advances in our understanding of CAF and TGF-β-regulated immunosuppressive mechanisms and ways to target such signaling in cancer.
Using spectral decomposition to identify and characterize glacial valleys and fluvial channels within the Carboniferous section in Bolivia (2005)

The area of interest within Bolivia's Santa Cruz Basin is covered by a 3D seismic survey that covers approximately 660 km2. Figure 1 shows the regional setting and the distribution of major channel trends for the Upper Carboniferous section.
Sensing Distant Nuclear Spins with a Single Electron Spin (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate the use of a single electronic spin to measure the quantum dynamics of distant individual nuclear spins from within a surrounding spin bath. Our technique exploits coherent control of the electron spin, allowing us to isolate and monitor nuclear spins weakly coupled to the electron spin. Specifically, we detect the evolution of distant individual 13C nuclear spins coupled to single nitrogen vacancy centers in a diamond lattice with hyperfine couplings down to a factor of 8 below the electronic spin bare dephasing rate. Potential applications to nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging and quantum information processing are discussed.
Triplex-induced recombination and repair in the pyrimidine motif (2005)

Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner at polypurine/polypyrimidine sites and mediate targeted genome modification. Triplexes are formed by either pyrimidine TFOs, which bind parallel to the purine strand of the duplex (pyrimidine, parallel motif), or purine TFOs, which bind in an anti-parallel orientation (purine, anti-parallel motif). Both purine and pyrimidine TFOs, when linked to psoralen, have been shown to direct psoralen adduct formation in cells, leading to mutagenesis or recombination. However, only purine TFOs have been shown to mediate genome modification without the need for a targeted DNA-adduct. In this work, we report the ability of a series of pyrimidine TFOs, with selected chemical modifications, to induce repair and recombination in two distinct episomal targets in mammalian cells in the absence of any DNA-reactive conjugate. We find that TFOs containing N3'-->P5' phosphoramidate (amidate), 5-(1-propynyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (pdU), 2'-O-methyl-ribose (2'-O-Me), 2'-O-(2-aminoethyl)-ribose, or 2'-O, 4'-C-methylene bridged or locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified nucleotides show substantially increased formation of non-covalent triplexes under physiological conditions compared with unmodified DNA TFOs. However, of these modified TFOs, only the amidate and pdU-modified TFOs mediate induced recombination in cells and stimulate repair in cell extracts, at levels comparable to those seen with purine TFOs in similar assays. These results show that amidate and pdU-modified TFOs can be used as reagents to stimulate site-specific gene targeting without the need for conjugation to DNA-reactive molecules. By demonstrating the potential for induced repair and recombination with appropriately modified pyrimidine TFOs, this work expands the options available for triplex-mediated gene targeting.
Implementation of MEID for Mobile Stations in CDMA Network. (2008)

At present, all the networks identify the cdma mobile terminals & devices with esn (electronic serial number). There is limitation in the numbering resources for the esn, as it is a 32 bit number & the same is nearing exhaustion by 2007 q4. The document provides the guidelines and the requirements for implementing the new identification called meid, which is a 56 bit number and which will resolve the esn exhaustion problem. The document highlights, the advantages of migration to an meid based network. The various requirements in the network entities (both in the access interface as well as the core network part) required for supporting the meid parameter in the network have also been discussed. The implementation methodology takes care of the fact that the present day handsets, which have the esn as the equipment identifier also have to work flawlessly in the network, hence the issue of backward compatibility (meid based network with esn equipped handsets) has also been discussed. A summary of various standards that need to be supported for meid capability has also been mentioned for the various network elements to comply with.