gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paclitaxel-Conjugated PAMAM Dendrimers Adversely Affect Microtubule Structure through Two Independent Modes of Action (2013)

Paclitaxel (Taxol) is an anticancer drug that induces mitotic arrest via microtubule hyperstabilization but causes side effects due to its hydrophobicity and cellular promiscuity. The targeted cytotoxicity of hydrophilic paclitaxel-conjugated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers has been demonstrated in cultured cancer cells. Mechanisms of action responsible for this cytotoxicity are unknown, that is, whether the cytotoxicity is due to paclitaxel stabilization of microtubules, as is whether paclitaxel is released intracellularly from the dendrimer. To determine whether the conjugated paclitaxel can bind microtubules, we used a combination of ensemble and single microtubule imaging techniques in vitro. We demonstrate that these conjugates adversely affect microtubules by (1) promoting the polymerization and stabilization of microtubules in a paclitaxel-dependent manner, and (2) bundling preformed microtubules in a paclitaxel-independent manner, potentially due to protonation of tertiary amines in the dendrimer interior. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel-conjugated PAMAM dendrimers and uncover unexpected risks of using such conjugates therapeutically.
Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 can act as essential growth factors in a murine plasmacytoma line. (1988)

The survival and proliferation of the murine plasmacytoma cell line T1165 was previously shown to depend on a plasmacytoma growth factor (PCT-GF) produced by the murine P388D1 macrophage cell line. In the present study we examined several cytokines for their ability to stimulate the proliferation of T1165 cells. Recombinant human interleukin 6 (IL-6; also termed BSF-2 or interferon-beta 2) exhibited a potent growth stimulating effect on T1165 cells, with a maximal stimulation observed at 2 ng/ml or higher concentrations. Recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and recombinant interleukin 1 (IL-1) were found to produce a similar growth stimulation. Both murine and human TNF induced a maximal or near-maximal DNA synthesis in T1165 cells at 10 to 100 ng/ml after a 24-hr incubation. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) caused a weak stimulation of DNA synthesis in T1165 cells, and combined treatment with TNF and PMA resulted in an additive stimulation. The promotion of T1165 cell proliferation by TNF appeared to be the result of a direct action, as no autocrine growth factor could be detected in T1165 cultures after incubation with TNF. These results indicate that TNF and IL-1 can substitute for IL-6 as essential growth factors in a growth factor-dependent murine plasmacytoma line.
Photoluminescence peak energy evolution for porous silicon during photo-oxidation and gamma -ray oxidation (1995)

The evolution of photoluminescence (PL) from a series of as-anodized porous silicon (PS) samples with peaks in a wide energy range has been investigated systematically during oxidation enhanced by either laser illumination or gamma -ray irradiation. Under both oxidation conditions, PL spectra initially located in the infrared-red region undergo a blue shift, while those initially located in the orange-yellow region experience a red shift. Eventually, all the peaks are pinned at fixed energies which are in an energy range narrower than that for as-anodized PS samples. These experimental results can be explained by the quantum confinement-luminescence centres model, which argues that photoexcitation proceeds in nanoscale silicon and photoemission through the luminescence centres outside nanoscale silicon, and also by assuming that during oxidation the main luminescence centres change from one kind to another and/or the relative contributions to the PL intensity from various kinds of luminescence centres vary.
[Familial hypophosphatemic rickets]. (2001)

Familiar hypophosphatemic rickets (FHR) is characterized by isolated defect of renal phosphate reabsorption, hypophosphataemia, rickets and poor growth. In untreated cases parathyroid hormone and calcitriol levels are normal. FHR is caused by mutations of the PHEX gene encoding a zinc-binding metalloprotease enzyme. PHEX is expressed in bones and the parathyroid gland but not in the kidney. The gene product is involved in the inactivation of a phosphate regulating hormone (phosphatonin). The presence of this hormone through unknown mechanisms decreases the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter in the kidney resulting in impaired phosphate transport. In addition the PHEX gene product exerts autocrine and paracrine effects on the bone. Despite recent advances in the understanding of the pathomechanism, treatment of FHR is still symptomatic. It consists of active vitamin D analogues and oral phosphate supplementation. Nephrocalcinosis is a well-known, usually non-progressive side effect of the conventional therapy. As shown by pilot studies, poorly growing children with FHR may benefit from the positive effect of human recombinant growth hormone (rhGH). However, rhGH treatment could aggravate the already existing tendency to disproportionate growth resulting in the overgrowth of the trunk. The disturbed phosphate homeostasis persists during the whole life span of the FHR patients. It is therefore essential to provide lifelong care, to prevent late skeletal and dental consequences or to treat them if already established. That care should be done by the teamwork of the pediatrician, internist, orthopedist, dentist and the psychologist.
Diffusion of Phosphorus and Boron into Silicon at Low Temperatures by Heating with Light Irradiation (1997)

The diffusion of phosphorus and boron from a doped oxide into silicon upon heating with light irradiation was investigated at low temperatures. A tungsten halogen lamp was used as a light source. The diffusion coefficient for the 280-nm-thick doped oxide at 760° C upon light irradiation corresponded to that at 900° C upon heating in a furnace for both impurities, indicating enhanced diffusion in the former case. Arsenic diffusion was not enhanced upon heating with light irradiation. The reason for the enhanced diffusion may be that excess self-interstitials are generated at the interface between the doped oxide and silicon during light irradiation. This enhances the diffusion of impurities in silicon, which diffuse mainly by the interstitialcy mechanism.
Formation of an amorphous powder during the polymerization of ethylene in a radio‐frequency discharge (1973)

Abstract An investigation has been carried out to determine the influence of operating conditions on the character of the final product resulting from the polymerization of ethylene in a radio‐frequency discharge. It has been found that low pressures and high ratios of discharge power to gas flow rate lead to the deposition of a powder as well as a film. From visual observations of powder deposition, it has been possible to divide the plane formed by the axis of pressure and flow rate into a region in which powder is deposited together with a film and a region in which only a film is deposited. Numerous physical measurements have been carried out in order to characterize the powder. From these measurements, it has been concluded that the powder is a relatively dense, amorphous, and highly crosslinked polymer composed of short‐chain segments containing no more than two adjacent methylene groups. Many forms of unsaturation have been observed which, together with the high crosslink density, explain the measured hydrogen‐to‐carbon ratio of 2.7 to 2. Evidence of oxidation has been observed through the appearance of hydroxyl and carbonyl bands in the infrared spectrum of the polymer. A mechanism for the formation of the powder has been proposed which suggests that the polymerization of the powder takes place totally in the gas phase.
Sugarcane (<i>Saccharum</i>spp. hybrids) Tolerance to Clomazone (1996)

Field studies were conducted over four years to determine sugarcane response to clomazone applied POST at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ai/ha. Sugarcane leaves present when clomazone was applied were chlorotic 2 WAT. Injury 4 WAT ranged from 0 to 38% following single applications in March and April. Chlorosis 4 wk after the May application of a March plus May sequential treatment was only greater than for the single March application in 1992. The number of harvestable sugarcane stalks following treatments with clomazone was intermediate between those produced with standard applications of either metribuzin at 2.6 kg ai/ha (least injurious) or terbacil as a single treatment at 1.8 kg ai/ha in March and April or as a 1.8 plus 0.9 kg/ha March plus May sequential treatment. Sugar recovery as an average of all herbicide treatments was lower for the sequential applications than for the single applications. Averaged over single and sequential treatments, theoretically recoverable sugar levels with clomazone at both rates was intermediate between the recoveries obtained with standard applications of metribuzin (highest) and terbacil. Gross cane and sugar yields following all applications of clomazone at 1.1 kg/ha and following single applications of clomazone at 2.2 kg/ha in March and April were similar to the metribuzin standard. Sugar yields following the sequential treatment of clomazone at 2.2 kg/ha, although lower than the metribuzin standard, were similar to the standard terbacil sequential treatment.
Elastase levels and activity are increased in dystrophic muscle and impair myoblast cell survival, proliferation and differentiation (2016)

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, progressive loss of muscle tissue is accompanied by fibrosis, chronic inflammation and reduced muscle regenerative capacity. Although much is known about the development of fibrosis and chronic inflammation in muscular dystrophy, less is known about how they are mechanistically linked to loss of muscle regenerative capacity. We have developed a proteomics method to discover dystrophy-associated changes in the muscle progenitor cell niche, which identified serine proteases, and especially neutrophil elastase, as candidates. We show that elastase activity is increased in dystrophic (mdx(4cv)) muscle and impairs myoblast survival in culture. While the effect of elastase on C2C12 cell survival correlates with the kinetics of elastase-mediated degradation of the substrate to which the cells adhere, the effect of elastase on satellite cell-derived primary myoblast growth and differentiation is substrate-independent and even more dramatic than the effect on C2C12 cells, suggesting a detrimental role for elastase on myogenesis in vivo. Additionally, elastase impairs differentiation of both primary and C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes. Our findings evidence the importance of neutrophil-mediated inflammation in muscular dystrophy and indicate elastase-mediated regulation of myoblast behaviour as a potential mechanism underlying loss of regenerative capacity in dystrophic muscle.
Space power amplification with active linearly tapered slot antenna array (2002)

A space power amplifier composed of active linearly tapered slot antennas (LTSAs) has been demonstrated and shown to have a gain of 30 dB at 20GHz. In each of the antenna elements, a GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) three-stage power amplifier is integrated with two LTSAs. The LTSA and the MMIC power amplifier have a gain of 11 dB and a power added efficiency of 14%, respectively. The design is suitable for constructing a large array using monolithic integration techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-Integrity Wellbore Surveying (2010)

Summary Position-uncertainty estimates are used to determine if there is adequate probability of hitting a geological target, of avoiding collision with offset wells, and of drilling a successful relief well in the event of a blowout. These high-value decisions are based on tool-error-model predictions, the validity of which is highly dependent on the application of rigorous quality-control (QC) procedures to the survey data. Directional surveys that do not conform to their model's error predictions represent a risk in terms of lost production, damage to infrastructure, and loss of life. This paper documents weaknesses in conventional directional-survey QC procedures. Theoretical considerations, statistical analyses of real survey data, and real examples of failed surveys that have made it through conventional QC procedures without detection are presented. The paper defines principles for survey-program design and implementation to eliminate these weaknesses. It proposes a new set of minimum requirements for survey validation. Where the cumulative QC data do not support the model, it is necessary to adjust the model to fit the data. In the longer term, it might be possible to rework the tools and procedures in the hope of meeting the original model's specification, but the uncertainty estimate assigned to a survey must be valid at all times. The methods described in this paper are capable of ensuring valid positional data and should be incorporated into standard practice. However, to implement these techniques correctly and consistently, it is probably necessary to establish a specialized supervisory function, responsible for the integrity of wellbore positioning across a company's entire operation. This paper is the product of a collaborative work within the SPE Wellbore Positioning Technical Section (SPE-WPTS), and combines two previous papers on the subject by Ekseth et al. (2006, 2007).
Visibility Enhancement Technology for I-Vehicle Cameras Using Discrete Low-Pass Filtering Technique (2008)

The authors have developed an image processing technology that optimizes image contrast on a pixel to pixel basis, and enhances both bright and dark regions, without the appearance of any artifacts. This technology enhances the visual quality of images with low visibility caused by a biased distribution of lightness, such as backlit images, by optimally correcting the contrast of such images. Key characteristics of the developed technology are its low computational cost and high quality achieved by our unique discrete low-pass filtering technique. In this paper, the authors provide a brief overview and describe the limitations of conventional spatial-adaptive contrast correction methods. Then, the authors give details about the new filtering technique that overcomes those limitations. Finally, performances of the software and hardware implementation are shown.
Parametric k-best alignment (2008)

Optimal sequence alignments depend heavily on alignment scoring parameters. Given input sequences, {\em parametric alignment} is the well-studied problem that asks for all possible optimal alignment summaries as parameters vary, as well as the {\em optimality region} of alignment scoring parameters which yield each optimal alignment. But biologically correct alignments might be {\em suboptimal} for all parameter choices. Thus we extend parametric alignment to {\em parametric $k$-best alignment}, which asks for all possible $k$-tuples of $k$-best alignment summaries $(s_1, s_2, ..., s_k)$, as well as the {\em $k$-best optimality region} of scoring parameters which make $s_1, s_2, ..., s_k$ the top $k$ summaries. By exploiting the integer-structure of alignment summaries, we show that, astonishingly, the complexity of parametric $k$-best alignment is only polynomial in $k$. Thus parametric $k$-best alignment is tractable, and can be applied at the whole-genome scale like parametric alignment.
Torsional and Vertical Eye Movements during Head Tilt Dynamic Characteristics (2003)

A torsional and vertical vergence back-and-forth eye movement induced by a BHTT was confirmed with the search coil technique. Utricular inertia due to an interaural head translation, combined with a stimulation of the vertical semicircular canals, seems to be a plausible explanation for these eye movements.
Multilingual Speech Identification Using Artificial Neural Network (2015)

Speech technology is an emerging technology and automatic speech recognition has made advances in recent years. Many researches has been performed for many foreign and regional languages. But at present the multilingual speech processing technology has been attracting for research purpose. This paper tries to propose a methodology for developing a bilingual speech identification system for Assamese and English language based on artificial neural network.
Dual-Band Tunable Screen Using Complementary Split Ring Resonators (2010)

Active frequency selective surfaces (FSS) based on slot-form split ring resonators are described. Switching and tuning have been achieved using two different biasing circuit configurations. The first design switches ON and OFF the two concentric rings separately, producing four distinct transmission responses. The second design is able to vary the capacitance of the two split rings, allowing independent dual-band frequency tuning. The active FSS incorporate commercially available, low cost, surface mount switched PIN diodes and varactor diodes. The operation of the surfaces covers a wide band frequency range within the UHF spectrum, which is desirable for applications such as the modification of the EM architecture of buildings. Measurements compare well with the simulations.
Cementing—Simultaneous Rotation—Reciprocating Technique (ROTO-TEK System) (1983)

Abstract This paper presents an improved cementing technique which is called ROTO-TEK. This is a method of combining rotation and reciprocation of the casing string or liner during the cementing operation to give the best possible cement job. The design and application of the equipment is discussed giving the basic features of this equipment. The results of actual cementing jobs are discussed, showing the great improvement in cementing even in very difficult fields.
Developments in Mechanics, Vol. 2 Part I Fluid Mechanics. Edited by Simon Ostrach and Robert H. Scanlan. Pp. xiv, 830. £7. 10s. Od. 1965. (Pergamon Press.) (1970)

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Preparation of Li<sub>1·5</sub>Al<sub>0·5</sub>Ti<sub>1·5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>solid electrolyte via coprecipitation using various PO<sub>4</sub>sources (2014)

Li1·5Al0·5Ti1·5(PO4)3 (LATP) solid electrolyte is prepared via coprecipitation using H3PO4, NH4H2PO4 or (NH4)2HPO4 as a PO4 source. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements clearly show the PO4 source influences crystal structure and morphology of LATP after sintering at 1000°C. AlPO4 impurity formation is observed only in the LATP prepared using H3PO4. In terms of the morphology difference, the LATP dense pellet prepared from H3PO4 and (NH4)2HPO4 is composed of many small grains. Contrary, the grain boundary is hardly observed in the LATP prepared from NH4H2PO4. The LATP prepared using NH4H2PO4 reveals the highest Li ion conductivity due to no impurity formation and less grain boundaries which lead to lower resistance at the grain boundaries. It is concluded that usage of suitable PO4 source is a vital point of the LATP preparation via coprecipitation.
Medical biometrics: The perils of ignoring time dependency (2009)

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a medical signal that has lately drawn interest from the biometrics community, and has been shown to have significantly discriminative characteristics in a population. This paper brings to light the particular challenges of electrocardiogram recognition to advocate that time dependency is a controversial point. In contrast to traditional biometrics, ECG allows for continuous authentication and consequently expands the range of applications. However, time varying biometrics put on the line the recognition accuracy due to increased intra subject variability. This paper suggests a novel framework for bypassing this inadequacy. A template update methodology is proposed and demonstrated to boost the recognition performance over 2 hour recordings of 10 subjects.
Transparent cobalt doped MgO–Ga2O3–SiO2 nano-glass-ceramic composites (2006)

Transparent cobalt doped MgO–Ga2O3–SiO2 nano-glass-ceramic composites were prepared from Si, Ga, Mg, and Co molecular precursors by a sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy showed that the resulting material is composed of an amorphous silicate network that encloses nanocrystalline MgGa2O4 particles. Analysis of the absorption and luminescence properties indicates that Co ions are, at least partially, trapped in the crystalline phase and located in tetrahedral sites in MgGa2O4 nanocrystals. The absorption section was calculated to be 1.15×10−19cm2.
Chronic systemic administration of salmeterol to rats promotes pulmonary β<sub>2</sub>‐adrenoceptor desensitization and down‐regulation of G<sub>sα</sub> (2001)

1. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of chronic infusion of the long-acting agonist salmeterol on pulmonary beta(2)-adrenoceptor function in Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo and to elucidate the molecular basis of any altered state. 2. Systemic administration of rats with salmeterol for 7 days compromised the ability of salmeterol and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), given acutely by the intravenous route, to protect against ACh-induced bronchoconstriction when compared to rats treated identically with vehicle. 3. beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptor density was significantly reduced in lung membranes harvested from salmeterol-treated animals, which was associated with impaired salmeterol- and PGE(2)-induced cyclic AMP accumulation ex vivo. 4. Three variants of G(s alpha) that migrated as 42, 44 and 52 kDa peptides on SDS polyacrylamide gels were detected in lung membranes prepared from both groups of rats but the intensity of each isoform was markedly reduced in rats that received salmeterol. 5. The activity of cytosolic, but not membrane-associated, G-protein receptor-coupled kinase was elevated in the lung of salmeterol-treated rats when compared to vehicle-treated animals. 6. The ability of salmeterol, administered systemically, to protect the airways of untreated rats against ACh-induced bronchoconstriction was short-acting (t(off) approximately 45 min), which contrasts with its long-acting nature when given to asthmatic subjects by inhalation. 7. These results indicate that chronic treatment of rats with salmeterol results in heterologous desensitization of pulmonary G(s)-coupled receptors. In light of previous data obtained in rats treated chronically with salbutamol, we propose that a primary mechanism responsible for this effect is a reduction in membrane-associated G(s alpha). The short-acting nature of salmeterol, when administered systemically, and the reduction in beta-adrenoceptor number may be due to metabolism to a biologically-active, short-acting and non-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist.