gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Molecular Weight of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) on the Performance of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2005)

The efficiency of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction solar cells dramatically depends on the molecular weight of the donor polymer P3HT. Only for P3HTs with a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of >10 000 have high power conversion efficiencies of >2.5% been reached. This behavior is caused by distinctly reduced charge carrier (hole) mobility in the donor phase of the devices built from lower Mn P3HT samples. The reduced performance of such devices is related to a reduced intermolecular ordering (π-stacking) of the P3HT phase. These findings highlight the important role of the molecular weight in semicrystalline semiconducting polymers for the device performance and may help in the further development of novel, efficient, lower band gap donor polymers for photovoltaic applications.
COLIFORMES FECAIS EM LEITE DE VACAS VACINADAS E NÃO VACINADOS PARA BRUCELLA spp. (2013)

Brucelose, doenca infectocontagiosa, causada por bacterias do genero brucella, que podem sobreviver e replicar no interior de fagocitos, acomete bovinos, podendo ser patogenicas ao homem. O leite cru e um veiculo de transmissao para brucella. O diagnostico depende do isolamento do agente, e os programas vacinais em bovinos utilizam cepas vivas, mas as vacinas podem interferir no diagnostico, induzir resistencia a antibioticos, e virulencia residual, que impedem seu uso em humanos. A brucelose humana e uma doenca grave e debilitante exigindo um tratamento prolongado com antibioticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade bacteriologica e fisico-quimica do leite cru de vacas vacinadas e nao vacinadas contra a brucelose.
On Formalizing Fairness in Prediction with Machine Learning (2017)

Machine learning algorithms for prediction are increasingly being used in critical decisions affecting human lives. Various fairness formalizations, with no firm consensus yet, are employed to prevent such algorithms from systematically discriminating against people based on certain attributes protected by law. The aim of this article is to survey how fairness is formalized in the machine learning literature for the task of prediction and present these formalizations with their corresponding notions of distributive justice from the social sciences literature. We provide theoretical as well as empirical critiques of these notions from the social sciences literature and explain how these critiques limit the suitability of the corresponding fairness formalizations to certain domains. We also suggest two notions of distributive justice which address some of these critiques and discuss avenues for prospective fairness formalizations.
An Exceptionally Selective Lead(<scp>II</scp>)‐Regulatory Protein from <i>Ralstonia Metallidurans</i>: Development of a Fluorescent Lead(<scp>II</scp>) Probe (2005)

Blei-Glanz: Ein Pb2+-bindendes Protein aus Ralstonia metallidurans stand Modell für eine hoch empfindliche Pb2+-Fluoreszenzsonde (PbR691, türkise Kreise im Schema). Dieses Fluoreszenzsystem bescheinigt dem Protein eine überraschend hohe Selektivität für Pb2+ gegenüber anderen Metallionen. Supporting Information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z462443_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Oligomerization Requirements for MX2-Mediated Suppression of HIV-1 Infection (2015)

Interferon plays an important role in the control of virus replication during acute infection in vivo. Recently, cultured cell experiments identified human MX2 as a key effector in the interferon-mediated postentry block to HIV-1 infection. MX2 is a member of a family of large dynamin-like GTPases that includes MX1/MXA, a closely related interferon-inducible inhibitor of several viruses, including FLUAV, but not HIV-1. MX GTPases form higher-order oligomeric structures, and the oligomerization of MX1 is required for inhibitory activity against many of its viral targets. Through structure-function studies, we report that monomeric mutants of MX2 do not inhibit HIV-1. However, in contrast to MX1, oligomerization beyond dimer assembly does not seem to be required for the antiviral activity of MX2, implying that fundamental differences exist between the antiviral mechanisms employed by these closely related proteins.
Activated nitriles in heterocyclic synthesis. A novel synthesis of 1,2,4‐tnazol‐3‐oyl nitriles (1982)

Abstract Synthesis of 1,2,4‐triazoloyl nitriles via reaction of 4‐phenylhydrazono‐2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazolin‐5‐one and 4‐phenylhydrazono‐2‐ethoxy‐2‐thiazolin‐5‐one with active methylene nitriles was accomplished. Some of the chemical properties of the nitriles obtained are reported.
Effects of System and Environment Parameters on the Performance of Network-Based Mobile Station Position Estimators (2004)

This paper provides an asymptotic performance evaluation of network-based or multilateral positioning systems, where the times and/or angles of arrival of the signals traveling from a mobile station (MS) to a set of fixed stations (FSs) are used to estimate the MSâs position. The effects of the various system-design parameters as well as the effects of biased bearing and time measurements are analyzed, and explicit formulas are derived. Biased measurements can result, for example, from hardware calibration errors or multipath effects, including the lack of line of sight (LoS). Among other results, it is shown that only a few system and cellular parameters can be used to minimize their nuisance effects. The mathematical analysis is based on the CramerâRao lower bound (CRLB) and the maximum likelihood theory. It is completed with numerical simulations and a discussion of the positioning performance for two important second-generation cellular systems,GSM and IS-95.
Artificial intelligence methods and systems for medical consultation (1980)

The major AI problems that arise in designing a consultation program involve choices of knowledge representations, diagnostic interpretation strategies, and treatment planning strategies. The need to justify decisions and update the knowledge base in the light of new research findings places a premium on the modularity of a representation and the ease with which its reasoning procedures can be explained. In both diagnosis and treatment decisions, the relative advantages and disadvantages of different schemes for quantifying the uncertainty of inferences raises difficult issues of a formal logical nature, as well as many specific practical problems of system design. An important insight that has resulted from the design of several artificial intelligence systems is that robustness of performance in the presence of many uncertainty relationships can be achieved by eliciting from the expert a segmentation of knowledge that will also provide a rich network of deterministic relationships to interweave the space of hypotheses.
SocialSpamGuard (2011)

We have entered the era of social media networks represented by Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Flickr. Internet users now spend more time on social networks than search engines. Business entities or public figures set up social networking pages to enhance direct interactions with online users. Social media systems heavily depend on users for content contribution and sharing. Information is spread across social networks quickly and effectively. However, at the same time social media networks become susceptible to different types of unwanted and malicious spammer or hacker actions. There is a crucial need in the society and industry for security solution in social media. In this demo, we propose SocialSpamGuard , a scalable and online social media spam detection system based on data mining for social network security. We employ our GAD clustering algorithm for large scale clustering and integrate it with the designed active learning algorithm to deal with the scalability and real-time detection challenges.
Light coupling with multimode photonic crystal waveguides (2004)

We use a transfer-matrix method (TMM) to investigate light coupling into and out of single-end multimode photonic crystal waveguides. Without multiple-reflection complexity, this approach allows for unambiguous quantitative determination of the coupling efficiency of external light into each guided mode and transition among various guided modes. The TMM can provide a powerful analytical tool to understand and design complex multimode photonic crystal waveguides.
Description and Discovery of Complex Events in Video Surveillance (2008)

Behavior understanding and semantic interpretation of dynamic visual scenes have attracted a lot of attention in computer vision research community. Although the use of surveillance cameras has proliferated, the understanding of activities still remains complex. While users are mostly interested in high level and subjective semantics, only low level visual features can be extracted in a reliable way. This paper presents a novel in a reliable way. This paper presents a novel around the event modeling concept. It enables users to design their personal models of events combining elementary concept and low level features using expressive formalisms. The framework enables then detection of the events within video streams based on low level features extraction and manual annotations analysis, while taking in consideration uncertainty. Examples depicting content-based events modeling and detection from video surveillance are presented to illustrate the approach.
Statistical Mechanics of Cross-Linked Polymer Networks II. Swelling (1943)

The interaction of solvents with cross-linked network structures, such as occur in vulcanized rubber, is subjected to a statistical mechanical treatment based on the model and procedure presented in the preceding paper. The activity of the solvent is expressed as a function of its concentration in the swollen network, and of the degree of cross-linking. The maximum degree of swelling of the network in contact with the pure solvent is related to the degree of cross-linking. The heat of interaction of the solvent with the network can be calculated from the temperature coefficient of maximum swelling. The theory leads to the conclusion that the swelling capacity should be diminished by the application of an external stress. Furthermore, the modulus of elasticity should decrease inversely with the cube root of the swelling volume.
Stimulation by leukotriene D4 of increases in the cytosolic concentration of calcium in dimethylsulfoxide-differentiated HL-60 cells. (1987)

The C6-sulfidopeptide leukotrienes C4 (LTC4) and D4 (LTD4) evoked increases in the cytosolic concentration of intracellular calcium (QCa`2Ij) in dimethylsulfoxide-differentiated HL-60 cells, as assessed by the fluorescence of quin-2. The increases in 1Ca"2Ji reached a peak within 15-90 s, attained 50% of the maximum level at 1.2 nM LTD4 and 60 nM LTC4, were greater in maximal magnitude for LTD4 than LTC4, and sub- sided in 5-7 min. Flow cytometric evaluation of the LTD4-induced increases in ICa+2i,, reflected in increases in the fluores- cence of intracellular indo-1, revealed that a mean of 77% of differentiated HL-60 cells responded, as contrasted with lesser increases in only 50% of undifferentiated HL-60 cells. The capacity of pretreatment of HL-60 cells with LTD4 to prevent subsequent responses of [Ca"2I to LTC4 and LTD4, and the finding that the serine-borate inhibitor of conversion of LTC4 to LTD4 suppressed concurrently both LTC4-induced rises in [Ca+2h and increases in adherence to Sephadex G-25 indicated that the responses of HL-60 cells to LTC4 required conversion to LTD4. That pertussis toxin and a chemical antagonist of LTD4 reduced the [Ca+2lI response suggested a dependence on LTD4 receptors. The LTD4-induced increases in [Ca+21I were dependent on extracellular calcium and diminished by lantha- num, but not affected by nifedipine nor associated with changes in membrane potential, as measured with the fluorescent probe 3,3'-dipentyloxacarbocyanine. Thus, the increase in [Ca+2t in HL-60 cells, which is coupled to an increase in adherence, appears to involve LTD4 receptor-specific and voltage-inde- pendent calcium channels in the plasma membrane.
Human red blood cell Wright antigens: a genetic and evolutionary perspective on glycophorin A-band 3 interaction (1996)

The Wright (Wra/Wrb) blood group polymorphism is defined by an allelic change (Lys658Glu) in the band 3 protein; nevertheless, the Wrb antigen apparently requires glycophorin A (GPA) for surface presentation. To gain insight into the structural basis for this protein-protein interaction and delineate its relationship with Wrb antigen expression, we investigated GPA and band 3 sequence polymorphisms occurring in rare humans and nonhuman primates. The lack of GPA or amino acid residues 59 through 71 of GPA results in the absence of Wrb from human red blood cells (RBCs) exhibiting the MkMk, En(a-), or MiV phenotype. However, the SAT homozygous cells carried a Glu658 form of band 3 and a hybrid glycophorin with the entire GPA extramembrane domain from residues 1 through 71, yet expressed no Wrb antigen. This finding suggests that formation of the Wrb antigenic structure is dependent on protein folding and that the transmembrane junction of GPA is important in maintaining the required conformation. Comparative analyses of GPA and band 3 homologues led to the identification in the interacting regions of conserved and dispensable amino acid residues that correlated with the Wrb positive or negative status on nonhuman primates. In particular, the chimpanzee RBCs cells expressed Wrb and the Glu658 form of band 3, which is identical to humans, but their GPA contained the Gly rather than Arg residue at position 61. Taken together, the results suggest that (1) Arg61 of GPA and the proposed Arg61-Glu658 charge pair are not crucial for Wrb antigen exhibition and (2) the role of GPA for interaction with band 3, including Glu658, probably involves a number of amino acid residues located in the alpha-helical region and transmembrane junction.
Test Automation: Not Just for Test Execution (2017)

To work more efficiently and effectively, test engineers must be aware of various automated-testing strategies and tools that assist test activities other than test execution. However, automation doesn't come for free, so it must be carefully implemented.
Practical Bright Nickel Plating (1954)

SynopsisThe advantages—and disadvantages—of bright nickel plating, as compared with dull nickel plating, are discussed. The merits of various types of fully bright and semi-bright nickel plating solutions—containing either organic chemicals or cobalt salts as brighteners—are compared. Methods for controlling and purifying these solutions are given, together with details of the plant needed. Cleaning procedures that are satisfactory for metals to be dull nickel plated are often not suitable prior to bright nickel plating and suggestions for appropriate cleaning cycles are therefore made. Other points where the techniques needed for bright nickel plating differ from those applicable to dull plating are discussed.
Poly(lactic acid) microspheres as immunological adjuvants for orally delivered cholera toxin B subunit (1992)

Conference Article| November 01 1992 Poly(lactic acid) microspheres as immunological adjuvants for orally delivered cholera toxin B subunit ANTONIO J. ALMEIDA; ANTONIO J. ALMEIDA 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H. OYA ALPAR; H. OYA ALPAR 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar DIANE WILLIAMSON; DIANE WILLIAMSON *Chemical & Biological Defense Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wilts. SP4 OJQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MICHAEL R. W. BROWN MICHAEL R. W. BROWN 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1992) 20 (4): 316S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst020316s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ANTONIO J. ALMEIDA, H. OYA ALPAR, DIANE WILLIAMSON, MICHAEL R. W. BROWN; Poly(lactic acid) microspheres as immunological adjuvants for orally delivered cholera toxin B subunit. Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1992; 20 (4): 316S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst020316s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: CTB - cholera toxin B subunit, MW - molecular weight, SDS-PAGE - sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ELISA - Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, PLA - poly(L-lactic acid), GALT - Gut-associated lymphoid tissue This content is only available as a PDF. © 1992 Biochemical Society1992 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection in Taiwan, 1984 to 1994. (1995)

From 1984 to September 1994, a total of 9,099,734 serum samples from six population groups were tested for the antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV). Mandatory testing was carried out for blood donors, military recruits, immigrants and prisoners; other population groups were tested anonymously with consent. A total of 695 samples were seropositive and, of these HIV carriers, 142 developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although the prevalence of HIV infection and AIDS has remained low, there has been a rapid increase since 1991. Of the 142 AIDS cases, 68 were in homosexuals/bisexuals, 6 were in hemophiliacs, 7 were in prisoners/intravenous drug users, 49 were in heterosexuals and for 12 cases, the risk factors were unknown. Before 1987, 69 (90.8%) of the 76 HIV-infected persons were homosexuals or hemophiliacs. Thereafter, the risk groups diversified, with the main group shifting from hemophiliacs to intravenous drug users, and the number of heterosexuals surpassing that of homosexuals. Among the 142 cases of AIDS, 135 were males and only 7 were females. Despite the short period of follow-up, 114 have died (including 3 suicides).
Auxin-Mediated Cell Cycle Activation during Early Lateral Root Initiation (2002)

Lateral root formation can be divided into two major phases: pericycle activation and meristem establishment. In Arabidopsis, the first lateral root initiation event is spatially and temporally asynchronous and involves a limited number of cells in the xylem pericycle. To study the molecular regulation during pericycle activation, we developed a lateral rootinducible system. Successive treatments with an auxin transport inhibitor and exogenous auxin were used to prevent the first formative divisions and then to activate the entire pericycle. Our morphological and molecular data show that, in this inducible system, xylem pericycle activation was synchronized and enhanced to cover the entire length of the root. The results also indicate that the inducible system can be considered a novel in planta system for the study of synchronized cell cycle reactivation. In addition, the expression patterns of Kip-Related Protein2 ( KRP2 ) in the pericycle and its ectopic expression data revealed that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor plays a significant role in the regulation of lateral root initiation. KRP2 appears to regulate early lateral root initiation by blocking the G1-to-S transition and to be regulated transcriptionally by auxin.
The value of apolipoprotein E knockout mice for studying the effects of dietary fat and cholesterol on atherogenesis (2000)

The ability of the apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse to develop spontaneous atherosclerosis, which resembles the human process, is an excellent model in which to assess the impact of dietary factors. This review discusses the role of several nutrients in the development of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms through which they act.
Evolving social search based on bookmarks and status messages from social networks (2011)

Social search is a variant of information retrieval where a document or website is considered relevant if individuals from the searcher's social network have interacted with it. Our ranking metric Social Relevance Score (SRS) is based on two factors. First, the engagement intensity quantifies the effort a user has made during an interaction. Second, users can assign a trust score to each person from their social network, which is then refined using social network analysis. We have tested our hypotheses with our search engine www.social-search.com, which extends the existing social bookmarking platform folkd.com. Our search engine integrates information the folkd.com users share through the popular social networks Twitter and Facebook. With permission of 2,385 testers, we have connected to their social graphs to generate a large-scale real-world dataset. Over the course of a two-month field study, 468,889 individuals have generated 24,854,281 website recommendations. We have used those links to enhance their search results while measuring the impact on the search behavior. We have found that social results are available for most queries and usually lead to more satisfying results.
Clonal analysis of progenitor cell commitment to granulocyte or macrophage production (1982)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony formation by C57BL bone marrow cells was initiated in agar cultures either by the granulocyte-macrophage stimulus, GM-CSF, or by the predominantly macrophage stimulus, M-CSF. After 24 hours, paired daughter cells of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) were separated by micromanipulation and one cultured in GM-CSF, the other in M-CSF. From the differentiation pattern of the resulting colonies, irreversible commitment of some cells occurred during the first 24 hours and completion of the first cell division. A similar result was obtained using granddaughter cells present after 24 hours of incubation. However, when intact developing day 2 and day 3 clones were cross-transferred to GM-CSF or M-CSF recipient cultures, irreversible commitment was more obvious. Most M-CSF-initiated clones exhibited irreversible commitment to macrophage formation in GM-CSF cultures and a high proportion of GM-CSF-initiated clones continued to produce granulocyte progeny after transfer to M-CSF. The results indicated that GM-CSF and M-CSF can irreversibly commit the progeny of GM-CFC respectively to granulocyte or macrophage production. While for women GM-CFC this occurs within 24 hours and one cell division, for many cells, the process is slower and requires an incubation period of up to 48 hours and/or several cell divisions. Calculations from the data indicated that two-thirds of GM-CFC in adult C57BL marrow are biresponsive and respond to stimulation both by GM-CSF and M-CSF.