gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanocomposites of polymers and inorganic particles: Preparation, structure and properties (2006)

Although composites with, e.g.nanosized SiO 2 , TiO 2 , carbon black or gold are known for a long time, an increasing number of polymer composites comprising inorganic nanoparticles have been described only in the last 15 years. Frequently employed inorganic materials include metals (e.g. gold, silver or copper), semiconductors (e.g. PbS or CdS) or clay minerals (e.g.montmorillonite or vermiculite). In most cases, nanocomposites with spheric or plate like particles have been prepared so far but materials with nanorods (rod like particles, including nanotubes) also attracted attention. The structure of nanocomposites is essentially established by the arrangement of the particles in the polymer matrix. The particles may be dispersed as individual primary particles or as agglomerated particles (secondary particles), and the primary or secondary particles can be arranged randomly or in an ordered or oriented state, depending on the method of nanocomposite preparation and processing (including, e.g. coprecipitation, coevaporation, spin coating or drawing). In order to avoid agglomeration, the nanoparticles are frequently synthesised in situ or applied as surface modified particles, where a spheric inorganic core is preferentially surrounded by a shell composed of organic molecules (core–shell particles). Surface modification is applied routinely for clays, which is of importance for the degree of delamination of the individual silicate layers in the matrix (intercalation or exfoliation). Materials properties of nanocomposites, such as optical transparency, colour (including dichroism), iridescence, catalytic activity or superparamagnetism, can be favourable when compared with analogous composites with larger particles, and these properties may also be influenced by the structure of nanocomposites. The properties of nanocomposites are considered to provide applications in the areas of, e.g. optics, catalysis, electronics, magnetism or mechanics.
PD-L1 Expression Correlates With Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes And Response To Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy In Cervical Cancer (2018)

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been reported to be expressed in many types of tumor cells, and bind to PD-1 on T lymphocytes to inhibit immune response. Immunologic checkpoint blockade with antibodies that target the PD1/PD-L1 pathway has demonstrated to have impressive antitumor effects on many malignancies. However, the significance of PD1/PD-L1 pathway in cervical cancer remains unclear. Here we studied PD-L1, PD-1, CD8 and HPV expression in cervical cancer and normal cervix by immunohistochemical staining. Our results showed that there was more frequently positive for PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8 in cervical cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, especially those strongly stained HPV. Additionally, PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8 were more frequently stained in tissues from advanced tumor and tumor with lymphoid nodes or vascular invasion respectively. Tissues from patients with chemotherapy history had over expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells and more PD-1 and CD8 in stromal mononuclear cells, which were identified as tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs). These findings point to a key role of PD-L1 in immune escape of cervical cancer, and provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
F-15 flight flutter test program (1976)

The modes to be observed during the F-15 flight flutter test program were selected on the basis of the results of analytical studies, wind tunnel tests, and ground vibration tests. The modes (both symmetrical and antisymmetrical) tracked on this basis were: fin first bending, fin torsion, fin tip roll, stabilator bending, stabilator pitch, boom lateral bending, boom torsion, boom vertical bending, wing first bending, wing second bending, wing first torsion, outer wing torsion, and aileron rotation. Data obtained for these various modes were evaluated in terms of damping versus airspeed at 1525 m (5000 ft), damping versus altitude at the cross-section Mach numbers (to extrapolate to the damping value to be expected at sea level), and flutter boundaries on the basis of flutter margin of various modal pairs representing potential flutter mechanisms. Results of these evaluations are summarized in terms of minimum predicted flutter margin for the various mechanisms.
Photoprocesses of Copper Complexes That Bind to DNA (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoprocesses of Copper Complexes That Bind to DNADavid R. McMillin and Kristina M. McNettView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 3, 1201–1220Publication Date (Web):May 7, 1998Publication History Received13 October 1997Revised16 February 1998Published online7 May 1998Published inissue 7 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9601167https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9601167research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3754Altmetric-Citations620LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Adducts,Excited states,Genetics,Ligands,Pyrroles Get e-Alerts
Cloning and Expression of Buffalo Active Chymosin in Pichia pastoris (2008)

To date, only recombinant chymosin has been obtained in its active form from supernatants of filamentous fungi, which are not as good candidates as yeasts for large-scale fermentations. Since Bos taurus chymosin was cloned and expressed, the world demand for this protease has increased to such an extent that the cheesemaking industry has been looking for novel sources of chymosin. In this sense because buffalo chymosin has properties that are more stable than those of B. taurus chymosin, it may occupy a space of its own in the chymosin market. The main objective of the present work was the production of active recombinant buffalo chymosin in the culture supernatant of Pichia pastoris . This yeast has demonstrated its usefulness as an excellent large-scale fermentation tool for the secretion of recombinant foreign proteins. RNA was extracted from the abomasum of a suckling calf water buffalo ( Bubalus arnee bubalis ). Preprochymosin, prochymosin, and chymosin DNA sequences were isolated and expressed into P. pastoris. Only the recombinant clones of P. pastoris containing the prochymosin sequence gene were able to secrete the active form of the chymosin to the culture supernatant. This paper describes for the first time the production of active recombinant chymosin in P. pastoris without the need of a previous in vitro activation. The new recombinant yeast strain could represent a novel and excellent source of rennet for the cheesemaking industry.
The DNA Methylome and Transcriptome of Different Brain Regions in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder (2014)

Extensive changes in DNA methylation have been observed in schizophrenia (SC) and bipolar disorder (BP), and may contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders. Here, we performed genome-scale DNA methylation profiling using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (MeDIP-seq) on two brain regions (including frontal cortex and anterior cingulate) in 5 SC, 7 BP and 6 normal subjects. Comparing with normal controls, we identified substantial differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in these two brain regions of SC and BP. To our surprise, different brain regions show completely distinct distributions of DMRs across the genomes. In frontal cortex of both SC and BP subjects, we observed widespread hypomethylation as compared to normal controls, preferentially targeting the terminal ends of the chromosomes. In contrast, in anterior cingulate, both SC and BP subjects displayed extensive gain of methylation. Notably, in these two brain regions of SC and BP, only a few DMRs overlapped with promoters, whereas a greater proportion occurs in introns and intergenic regions. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that important psychiatric disorder-related biological processes such as neuron development, differentiation and projection may be altered by epigenetic changes located in the intronic regions. Transcriptome analysis revealed consistent dysfunctional processes with those determined by DMRs. Furthermore, DMRs in the same brain regions from SC and BP could successfully distinguish BP and/or SC from normal controls while differentially expressed genes could not. Overall, our results support a major role for brain-region-dependent aberrant DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of these two disorders.
Glutathione S-transferases as emerging therapeutic targets (2001)

Glutathione S-transferases (GST) represent a large family of Phase II detoxification enzymes widely expressed in animals and plants. These enzymes catalyse the conjugation of glutathione with some endogenous molecules and a broad range of exogenous substrates including various anticancer drugs. Due to high expression of GSTs in tumours when compared to normal tissues and their high level in plasma from cancer patients, these enzymes are considered to be cancer markers. Their involvement in resistance to anticancer drugs and an inverse correlation between expression and prognosis in many tumours provided a rationale for the design of inhibitors and prodrugs to enhance therapeutic index. The first generation of GST inhibitors included ethacrynic acid and showed promising potentiating activity in vitro but lack of isoenzyme specificity and diuretic side effects restricted clinical use. Novel GST inhibitors include glutathione analogues and demonstrate better specificities with fewer limiting toxicities. One lead compound is a potent inhibitor of the GSTP1-1 isoform in both cell lines and animal models. A GSTP1-1 activated prodrug has also been developed. Testing of the preclinical and clinical efficacy of these agents is presently in progress. Their rational design provides a promising new approach to targeting tumour-specific characteristics in a manner consistent with improving therapeutic index.
INTRANEURAL MICROSTIMULATION IN MAN (1987)

Recent advances in knowledge, and controversy, concerning cutaneous mechanoreception are reviewed. In particular, the question of perceptive specificity is discussed in the light of new experimental approaches, namely microneurography and microstimulation of identified tactile units from the glabrous skin of the human hand. Additional data are also presented. It is concluded that the human brain has an exquisite capacity to detect, localize, delineate, and classify sensations from the input of individual tactile units in the glabrous skin of the hand. The physiological specificity of low-threshold mechanoreceptors in the hand, which has been well documented in previous studies, can now be linked to distinct attributes of very simple tactile sensations which subjects report when a single afferent is stimulated electrically through an intraneural microelectrode. This conclusion does not conflict with the concept that the brain normally makes use of temporal and spatial patterns of impulses from a large number of receptors of various types to form more complex tactile percepts, such as in the recognition of texture, but the microstimulation data demonstrate that particular patterns of nerve impulses are not a necessary determinant of the subjective quality attribute of a simple tactile sensation. On the contrary, the sensations elicited by a train of impulses in a single afferent unit are remarkably distinct and well characterized in a number of respects. A further conclusion is that the afferent inputs are processed differently in tactile subsystems. This observation warrants caution in generalizing results from one system into a common theory of the origin of sensory modality.
Cognitive spectrum shaping for InHome Power Line Communications (2012)

Power Line Communications (PLC) are one of the most recent technologies proposed to allow the InHome Internet access, in competition with different Wireless Standards as Wi-Fi. The advantages offered by PLC deal with network availability since each modem connected to the plug is able, in principle, to access the Internet while in the Wi-Fi scenario, the propagation environment strongly influences the received signal strength and consequently connection performance. The conventional approach followed in planning the physical layer of PLC systems, like for example in HomePlug solution, is based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), able to combat the frequency selective nature of the channel frequency response. However, OFDM presents some drawbacks as, for example, Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) while a different approach based on constrained signal shaping (single carrier) can solve these problems. In this direction, this work shows a frequency shaping approach where the frequency occupancy is minimized through constraints on spectral emission and link quality level.
A phase Ib dose-finding, pharmacokinetic study of the focal adhesion kinase inhibitor GSK2256098 and trametinib in patients with advanced solid tumours (2019)

Trametinib exposure increased when co-administered with GSK2256098, but not vice versa. Mesothelioma patients with loss of Merlin had longer PFS than subjects with wild-type, although support for efficacy with this combination was limited. Safety profiles were acceptable up to the MTD.
Extracellular Phytase (E. C. 3.1.3.8) from<i>Aspergillus Ficuum</i>NRRL 3135: Purification and Characterization (1987)

Extracellular phytase from Aspergillus ficuum, a glycoprotein, was purified to homogeneity in 3 column chromatographic steps using ion exchange and chromatofocusing. Results of gel filtration chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated the approximate molecular weight of the native protein to be 85-100-KDa. On the basis of a molecular weight of 85-KDa, the molar extinction coefficient of the enzyme at 280 nm was estimated to be 1.2 X 10(4) M-1 cm-1. The isoelectric point of the enzyme, as deduced by chromatofocusing, was about 4.5. The purified enzyme is remarkably stable at 0 degree C. Thermal inactivation studies have shown that the enzyme retained 40% of its activity after being subjected to 68 degrees C for 10 minutes, and the enzyme exhibited a broad temperature optimum with maximum catalytic activity at 58 degrees C. The Km of the enzyme for phytate and p-nitrophenylphosphate is about 40 uM and 265 uM, respectively, with an estimated turnover number of the enzyme for phytate of 220 per sec. Enzymatic deglycosylation of phytase by Endoglycosidase H lowered the molecular weight of native enzyme from 85-100-KDa to about 76-KDa; the digested phytase still retained some carbohydrate as judged by positive periodic acid-Schiff reagent staining of the electrophoresed protein. Immunoblotting of the phytase with monoclonal antibody 7H10 raised against purified native enzyme recognized not only native but also partially deglycosylated protein.
Causes and imaging features of false positives and false negatives on 18F-PET/CT in oncologic imaging (2011)

BACKGROUND: 18F-FDG is a glucose analogue that is taken up by a wide range of malignancies. 18F-FDG PET-CT is now firmly established as an accurate method for the staging and restaging of various cancers. However, 18F-FDG also accumulates in normal tissue and other non-malignant conditions, and some malignancies do not take up F18-FDG or have a low affinity for the tracer, leading to false-positive and false-negative interpretations. METHODS: PET-CT allows for the correlation of two separate imaging modalities, combining both morphological and metabolic information. We should use the CT to help interpret the PET findings. In this article we will highlight specific false-negative and false-positive findings that one should be aware of when interpreting oncology scans. RESULTS: We aim to highlight post-treatment conditions that are encountered routinely on restaging scans that can lead to false-positive interpretations. We will emphasise the importance of using the CT component to help recognise these entities to allow improved diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION: In light of the increased use of PET-CT, it is important that nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists be aware of these conditions and correlate the PET and CT components to avoid misdiagnosis, over staging of disease and unnecessary biopsies.
Ovarian hormones mediate the prophylactic efficacy of ( <i>R,S</i> )-ketamine and (2 <i>R</i> ,6 <i>R</i> )-hydroxynorketamine in female mice (2019)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Females are more likely than males to develop major depressive disorder (MDD) after exposure to stress. We previously reported that the administration of ( R,S )-ketamine before stress can prevent stress-induced depressive-like behavior in male mice but have yet to assess efficacy in female mice or for other compounds, such as the metabolites of ( R,S )-ketamine. METHODS We administered ( R,S )-ketamine or its metabolites (2 R ,6 R )-hydroxynorketamine ((2 R ,6 R )-HNK) and (2 S ,6 S )-HNK at various doses 1 week before one of a number of stressors, including contextual fear conditioning (CFC), learned helplessness (LH), and chronic immobilization stress (CIS), in male and female 129S6/SvEv mice. To examine the interaction between ovarian hormones and stress resilience, female mice also underwent ovariectomy surgery (OVX) and a hormone replacement protocol prior to drug administration. RESULTS ( R,S )-ketamine and (2 S ,6 S )-HNK, but not (2 R ,6 R )-HNK, attenuated learned fear in male mice. ( R,S )-ketamine and (2 R ,6 R )-HNK, but not (2 S ,6 S )-HNK, significantly reduced stress-induced depressive-like behavior in male and female mice. ( R,S )-ketamine and (2 R ,6 R )-HNK) were prophylactically effective at a lower dose (10 mg/kg and 0.025 mg/kg, respectively) in female mice than in male mice (30 mg/kg and 0.075 mg/kg, respectively). Moreover, ovarian-derived hormones were necessary and sufficient for prophylaxis in female mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that prophylactics against stress-induced depressive-like behavior can be developed in a sex-specific manner and that ovarian hormones mediate prophylactic efficacy in females. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the prophylactic efficacy of the metabolites of ( R,S )-ketamine in male and female mice.
Limitations of Frequency Hopping in 2.4 GHz ISM-Band for medical applications due to interference (2011)

In the past a number of wireless standards evolved in industry and the consumer market that operate in the unlicensed ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) Bands especially in the 2.4GHz range. Today these products are well engineered and standardized, so that more and more medical applications consider wireless transmission based on these standards. Especially in the clinical environment radio links will substitute cables and further enable new fields of applications. Also personal healthcare and ambient assisted living are emerging fields for the future. However, in contrast to many consumer applications medical applications need to guarantee interoperability, ensure coexistence with other applications and have very high requirements for robustness, safety and security. There is an upcoming need for investigation if existing radio standards are prepared for the usage in medical applications regarding reliability and interoperability. In this work we will focus on Frequency Hopping and Bluetooth as one of the technologies that has been designed for robustness and coexistence and evaluate the underlying principles by a comprehensive analysis, simulation and measurements. To the best of our knowledge this comprehensive investigation for robustness of wireless transmission based on Frequency Hopping in a heterogeneous mix of interference from standards like WLAN, IEEE 802.15.4, Bluetooth and proprietary systems in health care environment has not been performed yet. We will conclude the paper by an outlook for further improvement of wireless transmission based on Frequency Hopping suited to the needs of medical applications.
Electrothermal feedback in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (2009)

We investigate the role of electrothermal feedback in the operation of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs). It is found that the desired mode of operation for SNSPDs is only achieved if this feedback is unstable, which happens naturally through the slow electrical response associated with their relatively large kinetic inductance. If this response is sped up in an effort to increase the device count rate, the electrothermal feedback becomes stable and results in an effect known as latching, where the device is locked in a resistive state and can no longer detect photons. We present a set of experiments which elucidate this effect and a simple model which quantitatively explains the results.
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a comparison of oral metronidazole, metronidazole vaginal gel, and clindamycin vaginal cream. (1995)

Oral metronidazole, metronidazole vaginal gel, and clindamycin vaginal cream achieved nearly equivalent cure rates for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Patients treated with these agents experienced similar rates of posttreatment vulvovaginal candidiasis, but those using the intravaginal products reported being more satisfied with the treatment.
Searching for new strategies against polymicrobial biofilm infections: guanylated polymethacrylates kill mixed fungal/bacterial biofilms (2015)

Guanylated polymethacrylates are a promising lead for the development of an effective monotherapy against C. albicans/S. aureus polymicrobial biofilms.