gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes of the photosystem 2 activity and thylakoid proteins in spruce seedlings during water stress (1997)

We subjected spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss Ă P. engelmanni Parry hybrid complex] seedlings to a severe water stress (shoot water potential ≤-3.5 MPa) to permit assessment of stress effects on photosystem 2 (PS2) in isolated photosynthetic membranes. The thylakoids and Triton-treated membranes isolated from stressed seedlings showed declines in O2-evolving capacity (H2O → 2,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone, DCBQ) and electron transport activity (H2O → 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol, DCIP). A partial restoration of O2-evolution by adding CaCl2 suggested an effect of water stress on the oxygen-enhancing extrinsic (OEE) polypeptides. Water stress had an additional impact on the reaction centre, shown by the inability of 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) to restore the electron transport (DPC → DCIP) to the levels seen in control membranes. Quantification of specific photosynthetic membrane proteins by immunoblots strengthened the above suggestions: after drought stress, concentrations of OEE1 and OEE2 declined by 40 %, and amount of the reaction centre protein D1, ATP synthetase, and cytochrome f also declined. The specific effect of stress on these proteins was confirmed by the fact that the amount of chlorophyll-protein complex CP2 was unchanged in membranes isolated from drought-stressed seedlings.
Mycobacteria Inhibit Nitric Oxide Synthase Recruitment to Phagosomes during Macrophage Infection (2004)

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a cytoplasmic protein responsible for the generation of nitric oxide (NO. ) in macrophages. In this work, we hypothesized that the intracellular localization of iNOS is significant for effective delivery of NO. to phagosomes containing ingested microorganisms. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis, iNOS was shown to localize in the vicinity of phagosomes containing latex beads in stimulated macrophages. iNOS also localized to phagosomes containing Escherichia coli. The colocalization of iNOS with ingested latex beads was an actin-dependent process, since treatment with the actin microfilament disrupter cytochalasin D prevented iNOS recruitment to latex bead phagosomes. In contrast to E. coli and inert particle phagosomes, mycobacterial phagosomes did not colocalize with iNOS. This study demonstrates that (i). iNOS can be recruited to phagosomes; (ii). this recruitment is dependent on a functional actin cytoskeleton; (iii). certain microorganisms have the ability to prevent or reduce colocalization with iNOS; and (iv). spatial exclusion of iNOS may play a role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis.
The<i>MIC3</i>Gene of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>Is a Novel Potent Vaccine Candidate against Toxoplasmosis (2003)

Infection with the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes serious public health problems and is of great economic importance worldwide. The micronemal protein MIC3, which is a potent adhesin of T. gondii, could be a significant candidate vaccine against toxoplasmosis. In this study, all CBA/J mice intramuscularly vaccinated with a plasmid encoding the immature form of the MIC3 protein (pMIC3i) produced specific anti-MIC3 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, and their sera displayed high antibody titers. This response was increased by the coadministration of a plasmid encoding the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (pGM-CSF). Similarly, a specific and significant cellular immune response was obtained in mice immunized with pMIC3i, and this response was markedly enhanced by pGM-CSF coadministration. The cellular immune response was associated with the production of gamma interferon IFN-gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2), indicating that this was a Th1-type response. This was confirmed by the production of large amounts of IgG2a. Mice immunized with pMIC3i displayed significant protection against an oral challenge with T. gondii 76K cysts, exhibiting fewer brain cysts than did the control mice. Coadministration of pGM-CSF enhanced this protection. In conclusion, this study describes the design of a potent DNA vaccine encoding the novel T. gondii target antigen, MIC3 protein, that elicits a strong specific immune response as well as providing effective protection against T. gondii infection. In the attempt to achieve complete protection against toxoplasmosis, MIC3 is a good candidate vaccine which could be combined with other relevant and previously described candidates, such as SAG1 and GRA4.
Dependence of Selectivity on Eluent Composition and Temperature in the HPLC Separation of Taxanes Using Fluorinated and Hydrocarbon Phases (2003)

Optimized conditions of aqueous acetonitrile (ACN) eluent composition and temperature are established for the rapid separation of a standard mixture of 15 taxanes, on each of five different fluorinated phases and one C8 hydrocarbonaceous phase. On both types of stationary phase, the retention factors (k') of most of the taxanes decrease at the same rate with increasing ACN concentration. However, the taxanes containing a xylosyl group show a higher rate of decrease, which necessitates careful control of eluent composition to achieve separation of all the taxanes. Temperature can have a remarkable and counterintuitive effect on retention and selectivity. For the C8 phase with eluent compositions in the 40%-60% ACN range, the k' values of the xylosyl taxanes show an increase with increasing temperature over the range from 25 to 55 degrees C; the k' values for 10-deacetyl baccatin III and 10-deacetyl taxol go through a maximum over the same ranges. The other taxanes behave normally. The same pattern is observed on the propyl(perfluorophenyl) phase, although this and the other fluorinated phases are less retentive. This accounts for the common belief that fluorinated stationary phases offer resolution of taxanes superior to that on hydrocarbon phases. The higher retention on the latter requires eluent compositions near 50% ACN, where careful temperature optimization is required, which in practice is rarely performed. The lesser retention on the fluorinated phases allows use of lower ACN concentrations where the aberrant temperature effect is not found, so good separations without temperature optimization can be achieved. Further evidence of the lack of any fundamental difference in the selectivity of the two types of stationary phase is the similarity of the surface excess isotherms measured for ACN/H2O on both the fluorinated and hydrocarbon phases.
High-k and low-k nanocomposite gate dielectrics for low voltage organic thin film transistors (2006)

Ce O 2 – Si O 2 nanocomposite films were used as the gate dielectrics in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) with pentacene active semiconductor. CeO2–SiO2 composite films exhibited a high dielectric capacitance of 57nF∕cm2 with exceptionally low leakage current. Good device characteristics were obtained with saturation at low operating voltages (∼2V) and with a field effect mobility of 0.84cm2V−1s−1, a threshold voltage of ∼0.25V, an on/off current ratio of 103, and a subthreshold slope of 0.3V∕decade, whereas the gate leakage current density is considerably lowered. These results should therefore increase the prospects of using OTFTs in low power applications such as portable devices.
Contrasting US and European approaches to colorectal cancer screening: which is best?: Table 1 (2010)

In the recent 1-2 decades, we have seen a considerable development in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening modalities and programme implementation, but major challenges remain. While CRC is still the second leading cause of cancer death in both the USA and Europe, there are limited data on the efficacy and effectiveness of all screening modalities except for the faecal occult blood test (FOBT). Newer screening tests, such as faecal immunochemical tests, molecular markers and CT colonography are being introduced and variably adopted, though overall rates of screening are suboptimal. Professional societies and governmental bodies have endorsed screening, though recommended approaches are quite variable, which may help to explain the great variation in screening practices. Unfortunately, quality assurance programmes are underutilised. Comparing the USA and Europe there may be more variation in CRC screening recommendation and practice within each continent than between them, but there seems to be a stronger emphasis on programmatic screening in Europe, facilitating quality assurance. The much debated need for randomised trials as new screening modalities emerge could be more easily handled if running screening programmes are regarded as natural platforms for testing out and evaluating presumed improvements in the service--including new emerging screening modalities.
Study on the center of rotation method based on minimum spanning tree matching algorithm for fingerprint recognition (2004)

The minimum spanning tree (MST) matching algorithm has been used for searching the partial matching points extracted from fingerprint images. The method, however, has some limitations. To obtain the relationship between the enrolled fingerprints and the input fingerprints the MST is used to generate the tree graph that represents the unique graph for the given minutiae. From the graph, the matching points are estimated. However, the shape of the graph highly depends on the positions of the minutiae. If there are some pseudo minutiae caused by noise, the shape of the graph will be totally different. To overcome the limitations of the MST, we propose the center of rotation method (CRM) that finds true partial matching points. The proposed method is based on the assumption that the input fingerprint minutiae are rigid body. In addition, we employ the polygon wrapping the minutiae for fast matching speed and reliable matching results. In conclusion we have been able to confirm fast performance and high identification ratio by using CRM.
Planar digital-beamforming antenna for satellite navigation (2003)

A planar digital-beamforming (DBF) antenna for user terminals in future satellite navigation systems has been developed to improve the overall system performance. A C-band breadboard model including aperture coupled patches, receiver and signal-processing unit has been designed, manufactured and tested.
Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia (1997)

Epidural opioid analgesia can offer advantages over intravenous administration, however, opioid-related side effects are common after epidural administration. We studied the effect of adding nalbuphine (NB), an opioid agonist-antagonist, to hydromorphone (HM) for patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) in 78 healthy women after elective cesarean delivery. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. The control group received preservative-free HM (Dilaudid) alone, 0.075 mg/mL, while the three study groups received HM, 0.075 mg/mL, containing preservative-free NB (Nubain) 0.02, 0.04, or 0.08 mg/mL. Intraoperatively, all patients received epidural bupivacaine 0.5%. Postoperatively, a patient-controlled anesthesia (PCA) device was connected to the epidural catheter and programmed to deliver a 3-mL loading dose of the analgesic solution. Subsequently, patients could self-administer 2 mL bolus doses on demand with a 30-min lockout interval. Patients were encouraged to ambulate approximately 8 h after surgery, and PCEA therapy was discontinued when a clear liquid diet was tolerated. Visual analog scale scores were used to assess pain at 8-h intervals while using PCEA therapy. Although the overall incidences of nausea (19%-35%) and pruritus (32%-62%) were similar in all four groups, the addition of NB decreased the need for bladder catheterization. The highest NB concentration resulted in increased PCA demands during the 32-h study period. In conclusion, the combination of HM 0.075 mg/mL and NB 0.04 mg/mL resulted in lower nausea scores and a decreased incidence of urinary retention compared with HM alone, without increasing the opioid analgesic requirement.
Selective Cross-Coupling of 2-Naphthol and 2-Naphthylamine Derivatives. A Facile Synthesis of 2,2',3-Trisubstituted and 2,2',3,3'-Tetrasubstituted 1,1'-Binaphthyls (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Cross-Coupling of 2-Naphthol and 2-Naphthylamine Derivatives. A Facile Synthesis of 2,2',3-Trisubstituted and 2,2',3,3'-Tetrasubstituted 1,1'-BinaphthylsMartin Smrcina, Stepan Vyskocil, Bohumil Maca, Miroslav Polasek, Thomas A. Claxton, Andrew P. Abbott, and Pavel KocovskyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 8, 2156–2163Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00087a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00087a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1834Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A scalable based multicast model for P2P Conferencing applications (2009)

Multicast conferencing is a rapidly-growing area of Internet use. Audio, video and other media such as shared whiteboard data can be distributed efficiently between groups of conference participants using multicast algorithms that minimize the amount of traffic sent over the network. This is far more effective than systems that maintain a separate link between each participant. On the other hand Peer-to-Peer (P2P) model is inherently characterized by high scalability, robustness and fault tolerance. With its decentralized and distributed architecture, a P2P network is somehow able to self organized dynamically. Peer-to-Peer model or architecture is well adapted to conferencing applications, effectively it can greatly benefit from P2P attributes such as: flexibility, scalability and robustness, particularly in critical environments such as: mobile networks. In this paper we propose a novel and scalable approach for P2P conferencing. This model combines a call control and signalling protocol (SIP) with a ¿P2P¿ protocol (Chord) for maintaining (dynamically) a well stabilized and optimized architecture topology. This model is also based on an application layer multicast mechanism. Performance evaluation shows that our proposed approach benefits from SIP protocol flexibility, with the robustness and scalability of chord protocol. The use of a multicast mechanism optimizes the overall traffic flow (control and media) and transmission efficiency.
Spectral selectivity in infrared thermal detection (2012)

A review is made of the physics and technology of spectrally selective thermal detectors, especially those operating at non-cryogenic temperatures. The background radiation noise fluctuations are rederived for arbitrary spectral characteristics. Infrared absorption due to phonons and free carriers is discussed followed by a review of published works on artificial infrared absorption materials such as patterned grids, nanoparticles, plasmonic structures, metamaterials and others. Subsequently, the literature of the spectral characteristics of broadband thermal detectors and spectrally selective thermal detectors is reviewed. Finally, the authors speculate on the directions that future research and development in the area will take regarding architectures, sensitivity and spectral characteristics. Advances in nanomechanical structures and thermal-emission devices have provided fresh perspectives for the development of infrared thermal detectors. Joseph Talghader and colleagues at the University of Minnesota, USA, review fundamental and technological progress in the field from the perspective of spectrally selective detection, which is important for applications ranging from chemical detection and target recognition to studies in cavity quantum electrodynamics. Placing emphasis on devices operating at non-cryogenic temperatures, Talghader et al. discuss basic and practical aspects of detectors based on both natural and artificial materials. They round off their discussion by looking at current trends in material science and imaging technology to speculate about the future directions of the field.
Tailored Materials for High‐Performance MgB<sub>2</sub> Wire (2011)

Carbon-encapsulated crystalline boron nanopowder and coarse magnesium powder are used as inexpensive tailored starting materials for the fabrication of high-performance MgB2 superconducting wire. A low sintering temperature leads to a high critical current density, as a result of nanometer-sized boron powder, surface oxidation preclusion by carbon encapsulation, and grain alignment by elongated magnesium coarse powder. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
3D-FlashMap: A physical-location-aware block mapping strategy for 3D NAND flash memory (2012)

Three-dimensional (3D) flash memory is emerging to fulfil the ever-increasing demands of storage capacity. In 3D NAND flash memory, multiple layers are stacked to increase bit density and reduce bit cost of flash memory. However, the physical architecture of 3D flash memory leads to a higher probability of disturbance to adjacent physical pages and greatly increases bit error rates. This paper presents 3D-FlashMap, a novel physical-location-aware block mapping strategy for three-dimensional NAND flash memory. 3D-FlashMap permutes the physical mapping of blocks and maximizes the distance between consecutively logical blocks, which can significantly reduce the disturbance to adjacent physical pages and effectively enhance the reliability. We apply 3D-FlashMap to a representative flash storage system. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can reduce uncorrectable page errors by 85% with less than 2% space overhead in comparison with the baseline scheme.
Titration alkalinity of seawater (1993)

The titration system is described that was used to measure the total alkalinity of seawater (TA) during the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the equatorial Pacific. It consists of a piston titrator, a pH meter, and a glass thermostated cell. Since the new pH meters and titrators have RS232 interfaces the system can be easily connected to a personal computer. The computer programs used to carry out the titration and to determine TA, pHsw (pH on the seawater scale), and TCO2 from the full titration curve are described. A typical titration takes 20 min and consists of 25 points. Six separate titration cells were calibrated to be used on three systems at sea. The reliability of the electrodes was examined by titrations of 0.7 m NaCl with HCl at a pH near 3 and using seawater buffers at a pH near 8. Although most electrodes did not have Nernstian behavior over the entire pH range, all gave precise values of TA for a given solution. The individual cells were calibrated using standard Na2CO3 and seawater standards prepared in our laboratory and Certified Reference Material (CRM) provided by Dickson. The cells gave reliable values of TA, but the values of pHsw were low (0.02) and values of TCO2 were high (20 μmol kg−1) due to the non-Nernstian behavior of the electrodes at a pH near 8.0. If the slope determined from the buffers is used, the titrations yield reliable values of TA, TCO2 and pHsw. Measurements on Dickson standards with the three cells at sea indicate that the systems have a reproducibility of ±2–4 μmol kg−1 in TA. The titration values of TCO2 determined on the CRMs and the samples collected at sea were about 17 ± 6 μmol kg−1 (fall) and 20 ± 6 μmol kg−1 (spring) too high. This offset in TCO2 is independent of depth and is due to the non-Nernstian behavior of the electrodes. The offset is not due to unknown protolytes.
Feedforward control of flexible manipulators (2002)

A method to control the tip position of single-link flexible manipulators is presented. The method is based on the dynamic model inversion technique. The feedforward controller obtained as a result of this inversion drives the arm along a commanded trajectory without any oscillation of the tip. The model inversion of a single-link flexible arm is studied from a discrete point of view. A feedforward controller is developed even in the case when the system is non-minimum phase. The method is general in the sense that it removes oscillations in the arm with any number of vibration modes. This technique results in less residual vibration, has better robustness to system parameter uncertainty, and requires less computation than the existing methods of vibration control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Redefining the Healthcare Paradigm (1996)

The integrated delivery system (IDS) will be the dominant healthcare organization in the future. To succeed, the system must radically break from the traditional healthcare paradigm. The author describes how.
KRAS: The Critical Driver and Therapeutic Target for Pancreatic Cancer (2017)

<i>RAS</i> genes (<i>HRAS</i>, <i>KRAS</i>, and <i>NRAS</i>) comprise the most frequently mutated oncogene family in human cancer. With the highest <i>RAS</i> mutation frequencies seen with the top three causes of cancer deaths in the United States (lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer), the development of anti-RAS therapies is a major priority for cancer research. Despite more than three decades of intense effort, no effective RAS inhibitors have yet to reach the cancer patient. With bitter lessons learned from past failures and with new ideas and strategies, there is renewed hope that undruggable RAS may finally be conquered. With the KRAS isoform mutated in 84% of all <i>RAS</i>-mutant cancers, we focus on KRAS. With a near 100% <i>KRAS</i> mutation frequency, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered the most RAS-addicted of all cancers. We review the role of KRAS as a driver and therapeutic target in PDAC.