gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calibration for the Gemini telescopes. (1995)

It is planned that the Gemini telescopes will be allocated for a large fraction of the available time in a queuescheduled mode. The intention is to maximise scientific throughput and take advantage of conditions of excellent seeing or transparency. To make this queue-scheduling possible, the instrument cluster will contain three major instruments, an adaptive-optics bypass that can feed any instrument, and a calibration unit. This calibration unit must support a wide range of instruments and in particular must provide the calibrations necessary to exploit the image quality which is the goal of the Gemini telescopes. We will describe this calibration unit and emphasize the demands placed on calibration by queue observing in ground-based observatories. 1. The Gemini Project The goal of the Gemini project is to build two 8m telescopes, one in the Northern Hemisphere on Mauna Kea, Hawaii to be commissioned in 1997 and another in the Southern Hemisphere on Cerro Pachon, Chile, to be commissioned in 1999. The southern telescope is to be optimsed for optical and ultraviolet observations; its’ northern twin will be optimised for observations in the infrared. (Mountain, Kurz & Oschmann 1994) The unique capabilities of the Gemini telescopes arise from the emphasis placed on image quality and low emissivity, which are intended to take advantage of the best seeing conditions on each site. Essentially, the telescopes could be described as atmosphere limited. This is to be achieved by • minimising the local seeing through careful enclosure design • monitoring and control of the environment in the dome • sensing and control of the primary mirror figure • correction for low order atmospheric wavefront distortion • cleaning the mirrors frequently Since the telescope itself does not degrade the intrinsic image quality of the observation or contribute significantly to the infrared background emission, observations are more sensitive to the broad range of changing conditions; indeed exposure times may vary by a factor of ten as atmospheric conditions change. The issue of how to get the best scientific output from such a telescope has led to the decision to allocate 50% of the observing time to observations in a ’queue-scheduled’ mode, responsive to the prevailing conditions. This is discussed in Section 2. Each telescope will have up to three instruments mounted at one time, any or all of which could be used during a single night. The instruments are mounted on an instrument support structure, which also houses the acquisition and guidance unit and an adaptive optics system (Section 3).
Synthesis and Properties of a New Water-Soluble Prodrug of the Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonist MSX-2 (2008)

The compound L-valine-3-{8-[(E)-2-[3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-7-methyl-1-propargylxanthine-3-yl}propyl ester hydrochloride (MSX-4) was synthesized as an amino acid ester prodrug of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist MSX-2. It was found to be stable in artificial gastric acid, but readily cleaved by pig liver esterase.
Scintigraphic evaluation of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate uptake in the navicular area of horses with lameness isolated to the foot by anesthesia of the palmar digital nerves. (1996)

A combination of lateral and palmar view scintigraphic images obtained between 1 and 4 hours after injection of 99mTc-MDP is a useful diagnostic aid in evaluating navicular bone involvement in horses with forelimb lameness isolated to the palmar aspect of the foot.
Correlation of Buccal Mucosal Transudate Collected with a Buccal Swab and Urine Levels of Cocaine (1994)

In this preliminary study, the level of Benzoyl Ecgonine (BE), a metabolite of cocaine, was copared in urine and buccal mucosal transudate collected by a salt impregnated swab in volunteers admitted for cocaine use. The presence of BE (specificity) was verified by the SYVA EMIT method and the urine and transudate levels meausured using the Sigma ELISA method. Results were confirmed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. In all, 44 patients volunteered, and BE in urine or saliva confirmed that each volunteer had in fact used cocaine. The salt-impregnated swab permitted detection of cocaine or its derivative in 27 of the 44 cases. The paper discusses the possibility of using buccal mucosal transudate as collected by salt-impregnated buccal swab as a minimmally invasive measure of cocaine use. This method would allow positive confirmation by a witness that the sample came from a given patient.
The Circuit Courts of Appeals Examine the Clifford Doctrine (1943)

States decided the case of Helvering v. Clifford.'In the relatively short period of time which has elapsed since that decision was handed down, the doctrine of the Clifford case has been the subject of controversy in more than forty appeals to the various Circuit Courts of Appeals.Although the Clifford doctrine has provided a source for countless articles in leading law reviews and tax magazines, 2 it is believed that its frequent appearance in the Circuit Courts of Appeals justifies an analysis of their decisions.'This is very clearly demonstrated when it is considered that the Supreme Court has granted certiorari in
Negative-resistance voltage-current characteristics of superconductor contact junctions for macro-scale applications (2003)

Voltage-current characteristics of mechanical pressure contact junctions between superconducting wires are investigated using a voltage-driving method. It is found that the switching regions at low voltages result from negative resistance of the contact junction. The current transport of the contact junctions is discussed from the perspective of two existing models: the multiple Andreev reflections at the two SN interfaces of a SNS (Superconductor/Normal metal/Superconductor) junction and the inhomogeneous multiple Josephson weak-link array.
A novel biased anti-parallel Schottky diode structure for subharmonic mixing (1994)

Subharmonically pumped mixers using zero-biased anti-parallel Schottky diode pairs produce good results, but require a larger LO power than biased Schottky diodes. Presented here is a novel planar-diode anti-parallel pair that allows independent biasing of the two diodes. This diode pair is integrated into a quasi-optical wideband receiver and the RF measurements on a 1.2-μm anode diameter pair show a reduced LO power requirement at 180 GHz by a factor of 2 to 3 with a similar DSB conversion loss and noise temperature (9.7 dB and 1850 K) to an unbiased Schottky diode pair. This structure has potential for applications at submillimeter-wave frequencies where a large amount of LO power is not easily available.
Communication-Efficient Online Detection of Network-Wide Anomalies (2007)

There has been growing interest in building large-scale distributed monitoring systems for sensor, enterprise, and ISP networks. Recent work has proposed using principal component analysis (PCA) over global traffic matrix statistics to effectively isolate network-wide anomalies. To allow such a PCA-based anomaly detection scheme to scale, we propose a novel approximation scheme that dramatically reduces the burden on the production network. Our scheme avoids the expensive step of centralizing all the data by performing intelligent filtering at the distributed monitors. This filtering reduces monitoring bandwidth overheads, but can result in the anomaly detector making incorrect decisions based on a perturbed view of the global data set. We employ stochastic matrix perturbation theory to bound such errors. Our algorithm selects the filtering parameters at local monitors such that the errors made by the detector are guaranteed to lie below a user-specified upper bound. Our algorithm thus allows network operators to explicitly balance the tradeoff between detection accuracy and the amount of data communicated over the network. In addition, our approach enables real-time detection because we exploit continuous monitoring at the distributed monitors. Experiments with traffic data from Abilene backbone network demonstrate that our methods yield significant communication benefits while simultaneously achieving high detection accuracy.
The ex vivo chemosensitivity profile of choroidal melanoma (1997)

Uveal melanoma has a high mortality rate and responds poorly to existing chemotherapy. We have therefore examined the sensitivity of uveal melanoma to cytotoxic agents using an ex vivo chemosensitivity assay to determine whether some agents which have not been used for this tumor might have activity. An ATP-based tumor chemosensitivity assay (ATP-TCA) was used to determine the effect of nine cytotoxic drugs at multiple dilutions in 28 primary uveal melanoma specimens. Evaluable assay results from up to 16 tumors with each drug showed variable sensitivity to alkylating agents (three of nine with mitomycin C, one of 15 with cisplatin and seven of 15 with treosulfan), cytosine arabinoside (seven of 16), paclitaxel (one of five) and doxorubicin (two of 16). No tumors were sensitive to temozolomide, or 5-fluorouracil, and only one of 14 to vincristine. The combination of treosulfan with cytosine arabinoside resulted in enhanced tumor cell inhibition in three of five tumors tested. Combinations containing paclitaxel combined with doxorubicin or cisplatin showed some activity, but none achieved 100% inhibition and the results were similar to those obtained with paclitaxel alone. Uveal melanoma shows considerable heterogeneity of sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs, with considerable resistance to most agents, matching clinical experience. The results suggest that cytosine arabinoside or gemcitabine plus treosulfan may be an active combination. Clinical trials will commence shortly. The use of the ATP-TCA provides a method of testing multiple agents and combinations in a way which would be otherwise impossible in rare tumors such as uveal melanoma.
Canopy Light and Plant Health (2012)

During the course of this century, increasing human population and economic development will continue to put pressure on agricultural systems for increased crop yields (Rosegrant and Cline, 2003; Foley et al., 2005). Grains produced for livestock feed and biofuels are now competing for space with crops intended for human consumption (Foley et al., 2011), which means that in order to meet increasing global food demand and multiple objectives for arable land, new crop varieties with improved performance will have to be developed. At the same time, the use of fertilization, irrigation, and pesticides is very likely to increase (Oerke, 2006; Jaggard et al., 2010). The intensification of agricultural practices, however, creates environmental and health concerns, which are already a matter of significant scientific and social debate. Alternative methods to increase crop yields without agricultural expansion and under conditions of reduced chemical use are urgently required.
Telling Stories in Baudelaire's Spleen De Paris.(Critical Essay) (2002)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors are new class of chemotherapeutic drugs able to induce tumor cell apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest. Trichostatin A, an antifungal antibiotic, and HC-toxin are potent and specific inhibitors of histone deacetylase activity. In this study, we have examined the antiproliferative activities of trichostatin A and HC-toxin in estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer, T47D cells. Both trichostatin A and HC-toxin showed potent antiproliferative efficacy and cell cycle arrest at G2/M in T47D human breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Trichostatin A caused potent apoptosis of T47D human breast cancer cells and trichostatin A-induced apoptosis might be involved in an increase of caspase-3/7 activity. HC-toxin evoked apoptosis of T47D cells and HC-toxin induced apoptosis might not be mediated through direct increase in caspase-3/7 activity. We have identified potent activities of antiproliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest of trichostatin A and HC-toxin in estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cell line T47D.
Pre-treatment of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells with interleukin-6 abolishes their growth-promoting effect on gastric cancer cells (2014)

The inflammatory microenvironment contributes to cancer development and progression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as important stromal cells, may be 'educated' by the inflammatory microenvironment to support the development of gastric cancer. Cytokines are a key component of cancer-related inflammation. Interleukin (IL)-6, as an inflammatory cytokine, has multiple roles in cancer. However, whether MSCs can be 'educated' by IL-6 to support gastric cancer remains unknown. In the present study, we focused on the phenotype and function of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs hUC‑MSCs pre-treated with IL-6 in gastric cancer. We found that the protein levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were upregulated, and phosphorylated nuclear factor (NF)-κB protein levels were downregulated in the hUC‑MSCs pre-treated with IL-6, as shown by western blot analysis. The levels of tumor‑promoting cytokines, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), platelet-derived growth factor‑BB (PDGF‑BB), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα), were markedly reduced in the hUC‑MSCs following treatment with IL-6, as shown by RT-qPCR. In in vitro experiments, we co-cultured MSCs with N-methyl‑N'‑nitro‑N‑nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)‑transformed GES-1 gastric epithelial cells or SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells. Transwell and colony-forming cell assays revealed that the hUC-MSCs significantly promoted gastric cellular migration and proliferation. However, following treatment with IL-6, the hUC-MSCs had no growth-promoting effect on the gastric epithelial cells and gastric cancer cells. In in vivo experiments, we co-transplanted MSCs and SGC-7901 cells into nude mice in order to establish a nude mouse model of gastric cancer. The hUC-MSCs significantly promoted the growth gastric tumors through the promotion of cell proliferation and the inhibition of cell apoptosis. On the contrary, pre-treatment with IL-6 provided the hUC‑MSCs with the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and significantly induce cell apoptosis. Taken together, our findings indicate that pre-treatment with IL-6 significantly abolishes the ability of hUC-MSCs to promote gastric epithelial cell proliferation and migration and provide new insight into the effects of the inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, on the tumor-promoting ability of MSCs and its role in gastric cancer.
Mutagenic Deimmunization of Diphtheria Toxin for Use in Biologic Drug Development (2015)

These findings indicate that this method may be effective for deimmunizing of other proteins and that discovery of a deimmunized form of DT may lead to the development of more effective targeted toxin.
[Study on the solubility changes of Rhizoma Coptidis' main chemical constituents influenced by the proportion of Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus Evodiae]. (2003)

The solubility of Rhizoma Coptidis' main chemical constituents declines almost in the same scale when Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus Evodiae are used as a couple, and a new constituent has been detected which can't be found in the mono-extraction.
PSC-RM: Reference Model for Pervasive Service Composition (2009)

Pervasive Service Composition (PSC) incorporates service composition and pervasive computing into managing user's everyday activities. A generic Reference Model of Pervasive Service Composition (PSC-RM) is needed for guiding PSC architecture design and implementation. To design PSC-RM, we first investigate and present a user's generic activity model. Then we analyze characteristics of PSC and envision PSC applications. Based on these applications we present requirements and initial design of PSC-RM.
High-level synthesis of switched-capacitor, switched-current and continuous-time /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators using SIMULINK-based time-domain behavioral models (2005)

This paper presents a high-level synthesis tool for /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/Ms) that combines an accurate SIMULINK-based time-domain behavioral simulator with a statistical optimization core. Three different circuit techniques for the modulator implementation are considered: switched-capacitor, switched-current and continuous-time. The behavioral models of these circuits, that take into account the most critical limiting factors, have been incorporated into the SIMULINK environment by using S-function blocks, which drastically increase the computational efficiency. The precision of these models has been validated by electrical simulations using HSPICE and experimental measurements from several silicon prototypes. The combination of high accuracy, short CPU time and interoperability of different circuit models together with the efficiency of the optimization engine makes the proposed tool an advantageous alternative for /spl Sigma//spl Delta/M synthesis. The implementation on the well-known MATLAB/SIMULINK platform brings numerous advantages in terms of data manipulation, processing capabilities, flexibility and simulation with other electronic subsystems. Moreover, this is the first tool dealing with the synthesis of /spl Sigma//spl Delta/Ms using both discrete-time and continuous-time circuit techniques.
Comparison of agar plate and real-time PCR on enumeration of Lactobacillus, Clostridium perfringens and total anaerobic bacteria in dog faeces (2006)

The real-time PCR method and the primer set for Lactobacillus spp. harboured in the dog intestine can be used for rapid enumeration of lactobacilli and monitoring of the faecal Lactobacillus community.
La casa, espacio de memoria e identidad en el Evangelio de Marcos (2014)

El objeto del presente trabajo es analizar el significado y la 
intencionalidad de los episodios del evangelio de Marcos que poseen una 
referencia a la casa (οϊκος-οΐκία). Nos proponemos averiguar si el 
evangelista, en su trabajo de composicion, habria propuesto un modelo de 
comunidad especialmente a traves de una presentacion particular de los 
pasajes ambientados o relacionados con la casa. Este analisis estara 
encaminado a determinar los elementos de dichas narraciones que permitan 
distinguir la intencion de Marcos de construir una identidad social 
particular que propone a los destinatarios de su evangelio. 
Con respecto a los terminos referentes al espacio domestico que 
aparecen en Marcos, A. Souter hace una distincion entre οίκος como un 
conjunto de habitaciones, en un sentido arquitectonico, y οικία como la 
casa entera, el hogar, la familia, en un sentido sociologico. De forma 
diversa, W. F. Arndt - F. W. Gingrich - F. W. Danker han distinguido entre 
οίκος como vivienda, y οικία como edificio^. Tambien O. Michel ha 
definido οικία como el conjunto de las posesiones personales del difunto, 
mientras ο'ίκος simplemente como su residencia ^ . Sin embargo, no 
apreciamos ninguna de estas distinciones en el texto marquiano, sobre el 
que investigaciones precedentes han estimado que los dos terminos se 
presentan en contextos similares. 
Estos terminos aparecen treinta y una ocasiones en el evangelio de 
Marcos, siendo mas frecuente el uso de οικία. Los terminos οίκία-οΐκος tenian significados muy parecidos en las otras 
dos lenguas del area geografica del mediterraneo en la que las tradiciones 
de Jesus fueron redactadas (ns n^n^; domus). Servian para nombrar tanto el 
edificio en que vivia la familia, simbolo de la continuidad y del prestigio de 
quienes lo habitaban, como el grupo de personas que vivian en el, parientes, 
esclavos y otras personas que eventualmente estuvieran bajo la autoridad 
del cabeza de familia {i)aterfamilias). Ademas, la misma palabra podia 
utilizarse para referirse a las tierras y otras propiedades familiares que 
constituian la base de subsistencia de la casa^. De esta forma, la casa era 
comprendida como un espacio fisico, el edificio material, y como un 
espacio social, las personas que formaban el grupo amplio de la familia.
A Possible Role of RGS9 in Phototransduction (1998)

In the current concept of phototransduction, the concentration of cGMP in retinal rod outer segments is controlled by the balance of two enzyme activities: cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) and guanylyl cyclase (GC). However, no protein directly mediates these two enzyme systems. Here we show that RGS9, which is suggested to control PDE activity through regulation of transducin GTPase activity (He, W., Cowan, C. W., and Wensel, T. G. (1998) Neuron 20, 95-102), directly interacts with GC. When proteins in the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction of bovine rod outer segments were isolated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and binding of GC to these proteins was examined using a GC-specific antibody, proteins (55 and 32 kDa) were found to interact with GC. However, the activity of GC bound to the 55-kDa protein was not detected. This observation was elucidated by the finding that the 55-kDa protein inhibited GC activity in a dose-dependent manner. Amino acid sequence showed that five peptides derived from the 55-kDa protein were identical to corresponding peptides of RGS9. Together with other biochemical characterization of the 55-kDa protein, these observations indicate that the 55-kDa protein is RGS9 and that RGS9 inhibits GC. RGS9 may serve as a mediator between the PDE and GC systems.
Preparation and Quality Control of Compound Aciclovir Gel (2006)

OBJECTIVE: Preparation of compound aciclovir gel and establish a method of quality control by HPLC. METHODS:The principal agent was aciclovir and diclofenac sodium,carbomer-940 was base;ZORBAX-SB-C18 column was used with the mobile phase of methanol-H2 O-36%CH3COOH(70∶30∶2).The detection wavelenth was 260nm. RESULT:The gel is lacte and delicale semisolid aciclovir exhibited a good linear ralationship with absorbance over the range of 8.6 768～60.7 376μg/ml(r=0.9 997).The average recovery was 104.34% RSD=1.05%;Diclofenac sodium exhibited a good linear ralationship with absorbance over the range of 3.4 408～34.408μg/ml(r=0.9 996).The average recovery was 98.92%, RSD=1.19%.CONCLUSION:The gel could spread easily,And this method is simple rapaid and accurate to determine the aciclovir and diclofenac sodium of the compound acivclovir gel.
[Nutritional problems in diseases of the small and large intestine]. (1976)

18 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, among them ten with ulcerative colitis and 5 with Crohn's disease, were treated with the combined enteral-parenteral synthetic hypercaloric nutrition. By use of Vivasorb the clinical results were rather good. However, it was impossible to normalize the serumalbumin until the application of the formula diet BSD, enriched in amino acids. These experiences with BSD reveal much better results. All patients recovered nearly completely from their complaints and the clinical parameters went back to normal. Furthermore, it is easier to improve the flavour. The typical mode therapy is demonstrated on one patient with ulcerative colitis and one with Crohn's disease.