gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perchloric acid and some organic perchlorates (1955)

H. Burton and P. F. G. Praill, Analyst, 1955, 80, 4 DOI: 10.1039/AN9558000004
Single Molecular Stamping of a Sub-10-nm Colloidal Quantum Dot Array (2008)

We introduce a nanoscale stamping technique of sub-10-nm colloidal quantum dot (QD) arrays to highly localized areas of three-dimensional nanostructures using a quartz tuning fork employed as the stamp pad (the "Nano Stamp"). CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanoparticles with diameters of 9.8 nm were deposited on microfabricated silicon probe tips. The number of transferred QDs, which ranged from several thousands down to single molecular order (less than 10), was precisely controlled by adjusting the stamping depths and angles. The stamping areas were varied from 1.2 microm x 1.2 microm down to 30 nm x 30 nm. Using the Nano Stamp, QDs can be transferred to a variety of protruding nanostructures. The amount of particles transferred to the tip was assessed by fluorescence intensity measurements, and the number of particles was estimated by direct transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. Correlation between the fluorescence intensity and the observed stamping depth and the approaching angle of the tip was found, demonstrating the efficacy of our Nano Stamp technique.
Iterative Local Solutions for Connected Dominating Set in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks (2008)

In this paper, we propose a general framework of the iterative local solution (ILS) for computing a connected dominating set (CDS) in ad hoc wireless networks, which include mobile ad hoc networks (MANETS) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This approach uses an iterative application of a selected local solution. Each application of the local solution enhances the result obtained from the previous iteration, but each is based on a different node priority scheme. Then, we integrate this iterative process into the process for handling a dynamic network topology and propose two extensions: cyclic iterative local solution (CILS) and seamless iterative local solution (SILS). CILS offers a natural extension of ILS to the dynamic environment but suffers from a broken CDS and nonadaptiveness. With a novel use of a monotonically increasing sequence number for dynamic node priority, SILS offers an extension with the desirable properties of correctness, progressiveness, locality, and seamlessness. Extensive simulations are conducted under ns-2 and a custom simulator to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in both static and dynamic environments.
Mechanism of Inhibition of the Human Sirtuin Enzyme SIRT3 by Nicotinamide: Computational and Experimental Studies (2014)

Sirtuins are key regulators of many cellular functions including cell growth, apoptosis, metabolism, and genetic control of age-related diseases. Sirtuins are themselves regulated by their cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as well as their reaction product nicotinamide (NAM), the physiological concentrations of which vary during the process of aging. Nicotinamide inhibits sirtuins through the so-called base exchange pathway, wherein rebinding of the reaction product to the enzyme accelerates the reverse reaction. We investigated the mechanism of nicotinamide inhibition of human SIRT3, the major mitochondrial sirtuin deacetylase, in vitro and in silico using experimental kinetic analysis and Molecular Mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-PB(GB)SA) binding affinity calculations with molecular dynamics sampling. Through experimental kinetic studies, we demonstrate that NAM inhibition of SIRT3 involves apparent competition between the inhibitor and the enzyme cofactor NAD+, contrary to the traditional characterization of base exchange as noncompetitive inhibition. We report a model for base exchange inhibition that relates such kinetic properties to physicochemical properties, including the free energies of enzyme-ligand binding, and estimate the latter through the first reported computational binding affinity calculations for SIRT3:NAD+, SIRT3:NAM, and analogous complexes for Sir2. The computational results support our kinetic model, establishing foundations for quantitative modeling of NAD+/NAM regulation of mammalian sirtuins during aging and the computational design of sirtuin activators that operate through alleviation of base exchange inhibition.
Gossip algorithms: design, analysis and applications (2005)

Motivated by applications to sensor, peer-to-peer and ad hoc networks, we study distributed asynchronous algorithms, also known as gossip algorithms, for computation and information exchange in an arbitrarily connected network of nodes. Nodes in such networks operate under limited computational, communication and energy resources. These constraints naturally give rise to "gossip" algorithms: schemes which distribute the computational burden and in which a node communicates with a randomly chosen neighbor. We analyze the averaging problem under the gossip constraint for arbitrary network, and find that the averaging time of a gossip algorithm depends on the second largest eigenvalue of a doubly stochastic matrix characterizing the algorithm. Using recent results of Boyd, Diaconis and Xiao (2003), we show that minimizing this quantity to design the fastest averaging algorithm on the network is a semi-definite program (SDP). In general, SDPs cannot be solved distributedly; however, exploiting problem structure, we propose a subgradient method that distributedly solves the optimization problem over the network. The relation of averaging time to the second largest eigenvalue naturally relates it to the mixing time of a random walk with transition probabilities that are derived from the gossip algorithm. We use this connection to study the performance of gossip algorithm on two popular networks: wireless sensor networks, which are modeled as geometric random graphs, and the Internet graph under the so-called preferential connectivity model.
Similar but separate systems underlie perceptual bistability in vision and audition (2018)

The dynamics of perceptual bistability, the phenomenon in which perception switches between different interpretations of an unchanging stimulus, are characterised by very similar properties across a wide range of qualitatively different paradigms. This suggests that perceptual switching may be triggered by some common source. However, it is also possible that perceptual switching may arise from a distributed system, whose components vary according to the specifics of the perceptual experiences involved. Here we used a visual and an auditory task to determine whether individuals show cross-modal commonalities in perceptual switching. We found that individual perceptual switching rates were significantly correlated across modalities. We then asked whether perceptual switching arises from some central (modality-) task-independent process or from a more distributed task-specific system. We found that a log-normal distribution best explained the distribution of perceptual phases in both modalities, suggestive of a combined set of independent processes causing perceptual switching. Modality- and/or task-dependent differences in these distributions, and lack of correlation with the modality-independent central factors tested (ego-resiliency, creativity, and executive function), also point towards perceptual switching arising from a distributed system of similar but independent processes.
Thermal-electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Fluid Characterisation (2016)

Electrical impedance spectroscopy (dielectric or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) is a widespread characterization method for solids or fluids in industrial applications. Here we present a novel combination of the electrical impedance spectroscopy with its thermal equivalent, that we thus call “thermal impedance spectroscopy”. With this combination, a deeper insight of the fluid properties, especially at different fluid mixtures, is possible.
Present status and probable future capabilities of heavy-ion linear accelerators (1984)

The general characteristics of heavy-ion linacs are summarized, with emphasis on the similarities and differences of systems based on different technologies. The main design considerations of superconducting linacs are outlined, the many projects based on this technology are listed, and a new concept for a superconducting injector linac is described. The role of RFQ structures for heavy-ion acceleration is summarized. A concluding section lists some probable applications of heavy-ion accelerators during the next decade. 17 references, 5 figures, 1 table.
Phosphatidylserine, a putative inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor, prevents autoimmune demyelination (1993)

We tested the effect of bovine cortex phosphatidylserine (BC-PS), a membrane phospholipid known to inhibit the release of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in SJL/J mice sensitized for adoptively transferred experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Control, sensitized mice developed severe clinical and histologic EAE within 6 to 9 days, whereas only 20% of mice given BC-PS displayed clinical signs that were much less severe and minimal CNS pathology. Cessation of BC-PS treatment after 15 to 40 days led to disease within 1 to 2 weeks, but when treatment was more prolonged, animals remained healthy after cessation. Serial transfer of spleen cells (SC) from BC-PS-treated and control animals into naive recipients resulted in acute EAE within 6 to 7 days with cells from either donor type. Animals treated late with BC-PS failed to relapse and generally remained healthier than controls did over a 40-day period of observation. Cultures of lymph node cells or SC from BC-PS-treated and control animals showed an 80 to 90% reduction in TNF production in the BC-PS-treated group. Thus, we demonstrate that PS can abrogate or significantly reduce the severity of EAE without permanently inhibiting effector T cells. The approach might be considered a candidate for future therapies of relevance to MS.
The Library (1961)

Journal Article The Library Get access A DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN PROVERBS AND PROVERBIAL PHRASES, 1820–1880 , by Archer Taylor and Bartlett Jere Whiting . Harvard University Press ; London : Oxford University Press , 1958 ; pp. xxii, 418 ; £3 15s. ARCHIBALD A. HILL ARCHIBALD A. HILL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 8, Issue 2, February 1961, Pages 75–77, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/8-2-75 Published: 01 February 1961
Oncogenic transformation of mesenchymal stem cells decreases Nrf2 expression favoring in vivo tumor growth and poorer survival (2014)

Our data indicate that oncogene-induced Nrf2 repression is an adaptive response for certain cancers to acquire a pro-oxidant state that favors cell survival and in vivo tumor growth.
The nonlinear transport regime of a T-shaped quantum interference transistor (1996)

We present the current–voltage characteristics of a T-shaped semiconductor electron waveguide structure in the nonlinear regime. This system is interesting as a potential quantum interference transistor. Calculated zero-temperature I–V characteristics are with multiple peaks and exhibit regions of negative-differential resistance. The peak-to-valley ratio has maximum value of 3:1. The calculated values of the transconductance and the differential drain conductance are small, which suggests limited abilities for conventional applications of the transistor.
Skin tightening with a combined unipolar and bipolar radiofrequency device. (2007)

Monopolar radiofrequency (RF) devices are well established treatment modalities for tightening facial skin. A 60-year-old woman presented with a desire to tighten the lax skin and improve the appearance of both upper arms. A combination unipolar and bipolar RF device may provide volume reduction as well as skin tightening in the upper arm.
Manipulating Dietary Anions and Cations for Prepartum Dairy Cows to Reduce Incidence of Milk Fever (1984)

Twenty preparturient dairy cows were in a 2-yr switchover design to test effects of dietary ions on incidence of milk fever. In yr 1, cows were blocked and assigned randomly 45 days prepartum to one of two diets; one diet contained an excess of anions, and the second diet contained an excess of cations. In yr 2, cows were changed to the opposite diet. Both diets were equivalent for crude protein (11%), calcium (.65%), phosphorus (.25%), and energy on a dry basis but differed for quantities of chlorine, sulfur, and sodium. Both diets were chopped alfalfa hay, corn silage, high moisture corn, and vitamin-mineral mix. Diets were available ad libitum as complete rations. There were no differences in dry matter intake of the diets. Cows consuming the anionic diet had no milk fever, but cows consuming the canionic diet had 47.4% incidence. Samples of blood plasma showed that cows consuming the anionic diet maintained calcium and phosphorus through parturition, whereas cows consuming the cationic diet decreased in these minerals around calving. Hydroxyproline was higher for cows consuming the anionic diet during the peripartal period compared to cows consuming the cationic diet. Milk produced in the lactation subsequent to prepartum treatment was 6.8% less for cows offered the cationic diet. When milk production of paretic and nonparetic cows offered the cationic diet was compared, milk was reduced 14% with milk fever.
Viruses as antitumor weapons: defining conditions for tumor remission. (2001)

Recent research has indicated that viruses specifically infecting tumor cells could be used as an alternative therapeutic approach in cancer patients. A particular example is the adenovirus ONYX-015, which has entered clinical trials in the context of head and neck cancer. Successful therapy crucially requires an understanding about how viral and host parameters influence tumor load. The interactions between the growing tumor, the replicating virus, and possible immune responses are multifactorial and nonlinear. Hence, a complete understanding of how virus and host characteristics influence the outcome of therapy requires mathematical models. In this study, such mathematical models are presented and analyzed. The study investigates three possible scenarios that could be relevant for therapy: (a) viral cytotoxicity alone kills tumor cells; (b) a virus-specific lytic CTL response contributes to killing of infected tumor cells; (c) the virus elicits immunostimulatory signals within the tumor that promote the development of tumor-specific CTL. The models precisely define conditions required for successful therapy. They identify the parameters that need to be measured and modulated to evaluate and refine the existing therapy regimes.
Identification and Analysis of Amino Acid Mutations in Porin IB That Mediate Intermediate-Level Resistance to Penicillin and Tetracycline in <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (2002)

PenB is the third resistance determinant in the stepwise acquisition of multiple resistance genes in chromosomally mediated resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CMRNG). Alterations in por(IB), one of two alleles at the por locus that encodes the outer membrane protein porin IB (PIB), were recently reported to be responsible for the increased resistance to penicillin and tetracycline conferred by penB, but the specific mutations conferring antibiotic resistance were not identified experimentally. To determine which amino acids in PIB confer increased resistance, we transformed a recipient strain with chimeras of the por(IB) genes from strains FA1090 and FA140 (penB2). These studies revealed that two amino acid changes, G120D and A121D, were both necessary and sufficient to confer increased resistance to penicillin and tetracycline. Site-saturation and site-directed mutagenesis of Gly-120 and Ala-121 revealed that both a single mutation, G120K, and the double mutations G120R A121H and G120P A121P also conferred antibiotic resistance to the recipient strain. The identical mutations in PIA increased penicillin and tetracycline resistance either moderately or not at all. Analysis of por(IB) genes present in the GenBank database from 51 clinical isolates demonstrated that lysine and aspartate mutations at positions 120 and/or 121 also occur in nature. These studies demonstrate that charged amino acids at positions 120 and 121 in PIB are highly preferential for conferring resistance to penicillin and tetracycline in N. gonorrhoeae.
Process Life Cycle Models (2011)

Every program has a life cycle. It doesn't matter how large or small the program is, or how many people are working on the project - all programs go through the same steps: 1. Conception 2. Requirements gathering/exploration/modeling 3. Design 4. Coding and debugging 5. Testing 6. Release 7. Maintenance/software evolution 8. Retirement KeywordsWicked ProblemUser StorySoftware Development ProjectPair ProgrammingEvolutionary PrototypeThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A 2.4 GHz Multi-Channel FBAR-based Transmitter With an Integrated Pulse-Shaping Power Amplifier (2013)

A 2.4 GHz TX in 65 nm CMOS defines three channels using three high-Q FBARs and supports OOK, BPSK and MSK. The oscillators have -132 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1 MHz offset, and are multiplexed to an efficient resonant buffer. Optimized for low output power ≈ - 10 dBm, a fully-integrated PA implements 7.5 dB dynamic output power range using a dynamic impedance transformation network, and is used for amplitude pulse-shaping. Peak PA efficiency is 44.4% and peak TX efficiency is 33%. The entire TX consumes 440 pJ/bit at 1 Mb/s.
The efficiency of N-linked glycosylation of bovine DNase I depends on the Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr sequence and the tissue of origin (2001)

Bovine DNase I contains two potential N-linked glycosylation sites with the sequences Asn18-Ala-Thr and Asn106-Asp-Ser. A previous report established that pancreatic DNase I has only one sugar chain at Asn18 [Liao, Salnikow, Moore and Stein (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 1489–1495]. We found, however, that bovine DNase I expressed in COS-1 cells was glycosylated about 70% at Asn106 in addition to being completely glycosylated at Asn18. Glycosylation of Asn106 increased to 97% when Asp107 was mutated to Glu or when Ser108 was mutated to Thr. Mutation of Asp107 to Trp had no effect, whereas a substitution with Pro at this position abolished glycosylation of Asn106. Analysis of the state of glycosylation of DNase I purified from a variety of bovine tissues revealed that DNase I from spleen, submaxillary gland, lung and adrenal had two sugar chains, whereas enzyme from pancreas and kidney had only one sugar chain. These findings demonstrate a major difference in the ability of various tissues to utilize N-linked glycosylation signals that contain suboptimal residues in the second and third positions.
Bidirectional current controller for combination of different energy systems in HEV/EV (2012)

High energy traction batteries for plug-in-hybrid-electric-vehicles can deliver an extended driving range, but are limited in power. In contrast, high power systems are limited in energy content. The combination of high energy and high power systems can solve this problem but will be usually realized through a cost intensive DC-DC converter. This paper presents a low cost yet powerful solution to drive hybrid vehicles with increased pure electric range. This is realized through a variable frequency current controller combining high-energy and high- power-sources. The presented controller shows efficiencies higher 98%. (5 pages)
Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Secondary Batteries (2001)

Rechargeable batteries are in fashion as energy sources for electronic appliances such as mobile phones and lap-top computers. Lithium ion secondary batteries are one of the most promising energy devices. In this review, the current research on lithium ion secondary batteries was briefly described, and especially, the problems and future prospects of the cathode materials were presented.
Studies of Inkjet Printing Technology with Focus on Electronic Materials (2010)

Printed electronics (PE) is based on printing thin- and thick-film structures on cost-sensitive flexible substrates, such as paper-like, plastic, and on rigid substrates using a novel approach to manufacturing electronics which also enables two- or threedimensional printing. Unlike conventional electronic manufacturing, i.e., subtractive photolithography techniques, PE is an additive processing method, whereby the functional material is deposited in a controlled manner to print the desired pattern without wasting the material. Electronics can be printed using several methods, e.g., screen printing, flexography, gravure printing, offset lithography, nano-imprint, and inkjet printing. There are several advantages to using the above methods. For example, freedom of substrate use facilitates the development of novel products. The low amount of material waste, low investment in production facilities, the versatility of the printing system, and many other benefits make PE ideal for low-cost electronics production. In addition, the data-driven nature of digital printing manufacturing methods allows fast manufacturing runs and a short time cycle from design to manufacturing, which all translate into shorter delivery times in manufacturing. \nInkjet printing technology is currently in a phase of proving its technological viability in the low-cost and high-volume manufacture of electronics. However, in technology development such change is only possible by demonstrating the reliability, durability, and applicability of the existing or novel electronic applications. In this work, inkjet printing technology was studied from the viewpoint of materials science and its potential to integrate electronic applications. The basic research concentrated on defining ink and substrate materials, their interactions, and on processing the materials with R&D/pilot line inkjet printers which all are commercially available in the technology. The applied research focused on electronic component manufacture, on selectively applying existing conventional or novel functional materials, and on defining viable material alternatives. The technology development consisted of evaluating printed structures and their materials in terms of environmental and mechanical reliability.
An Accurate and Robust Strip-Edge-Based Structured Light Means for Shiny Surface Micromeasurement in 3-D (2012)

Three-dimensional measurement of shiny or reflective surface is a challenging issue for optical-based instrumentations. In this paper, we present a novel structured light approach for direct measurement of shiny target so as to skip the coating preprocedure. In comparison with traditional image-intensity-based structured light coding strategies like sinusoidal and line patterns, strip edges not raw image intensities are encoded in the illuminated patterns. With strip edges generally better preserved than individual image intensity in the image data in the presence of surface reflections, such a coding strategy is more robust. To remove the periodic ambiguity within strip patterns, traditional Gray code patterns are adopted. To localize the strip edges more precisely, both positive and negative strip patterns are used. An improved zero-crossing feature detector that has subpixel accuracy is proposed for strip-edge localization. The experimental setup is configured with merely an off-the-shelf pico-projector and a camera. Extensive experiments including accuracy evaluation, comparison with previous structured light algorithms, and the reconstruction of some real shiny objects are shown to demonstrate the system's accuracy and endurance against reflective nature of surfaces.