gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Multi-Biomarker Assay for Non-Invasive Quantitative Monitoring of Kidney Injury (2019)

The current standard of care measures for kidney function, proteinuria, and serum creatinine (SCr) are poor predictors of early-stage kidney disease. Measures that can detect chronic kidney disease in its earlier stages are needed to enable therapeutic intervention and reduce adverse outcomes of chronic kidney disease. We have developed the Kidney Injury Test (KIT) and a novel KIT Score based on the composite measurement and validation of multiple biomarkers across a unique set of 397 urine samples. The test is performed on urine samples that require no processing at the site of collection and without target sequencing or amplification. We sought to verify that the pre-defined KIT test, KIT Score, and clinical thresholds correlate with established chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may provide predictive information on early kidney injury status above and beyond proteinuria and renal function measurements alone. Statistical analyses across six DNA, protein, and metabolite markers were performed on a subset of residual spot urine samples with CKD that met assay performance quality controls from patients attending the clinical labs at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) as part of an ongoing IRB-approved prospective study. Inclusion criteria included selection of patients with confirmed CKD and normal healthy controls; exclusion criteria included incomplete or missing information for sample classification, logistical delays in transport/processing of urine samples or low sample volume, and acute kidney injury. Multivariate logistic regression of kidney injury status and likelihood ratio statistics were used to assess the contribution of the KIT Score for prediction of kidney injury status and stage of CKD as well as assess the potential contribution of the KIT Score for detection of early-stage CKD above and beyond traditional measures of renal function. Urine samples were processed by a proprietary immunoprobe for measuring cell-free DNA (cfDNA), methylated cfDNA, clusterin, CXCL10, total protein, and creatinine. The KIT Score and stratified KIT Score Risk Group (high versus low) had a sensitivity and specificity for detection of kidney injury status (healthy or CKD) of 97.3% (95% CI: 94.6-99.3%) and 94.1% (95% CI: 82.3-100%). In addition, in patients with normal renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 90), the KIT Score clearly identifies those with predisposing risk factors for CKD, which could not be detected by eGFR or proteinuria (p &lt; 0.001). The KIT Score uncovers a burden of kidney injury that may yet be incompletely recognized, opening the door for earlier detection, intervention and preservation of renal function.
Technology of Fast Spark Gaps (1989)

To protect electronic systems from the effects of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) form nuclear weapons and high-power microwave (HPM) weapons, it is desirable to have fast responding protection components. The gas-filled spark gap appears to be an attractive protection component, except that it can be slow to conduct under certain conditions. This report reviews the literature and presents ideas for construction of a spark gap that will conduct in less than one nanosecond. The key concept to making a fast-responding spark gap is to produce a large number of free electrons quickly. Seven different mechanisms for production of free electrons are reviewed, and several that are relevant to miniature spark gaps for protective applications are discussed in detail. These mechanisms include: inclusion of radioactive materials, photoelectric effect, secondary electrode emission from the anode, and field emission from the cathode. Electromagnetic pulse; Spark gaps; Terminal protection devices.
Most Anti-BrdU Antibodies React with 2′-Deoxy-5-Ethynyluridine — The Method for the Effective Suppression of This Cross-Reactivity (2012)

5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and 2'-deoxy-5-ethynyluridine (EdU) are widely used as markers of replicated DNA. While BrdU is detected using antibodies, the click reaction typically with fluorescent azido-dyes is used for EdU localisation. We have performed an analysis of ten samples of antibodies against BrdU with respect to their reactivity with EdU. Except for one sample all the others evinced reactivity with EdU. A high level of EdU persists in nuclear DNA even after the reaction of EdU with fluorescent azido-dyes if the common concentration of dye is used. Although a ten-time increase of azido-dye concentration resulted in a decrease of the signal provided by anti-BrdU antibodies, it also resulted in a substantial increase of the non-specific signal. We have shown that this unwanted reactivity is effectively suppressed by non-fluorescent azido molecules. In this respect, we have tested two protocols of the simultaneous localisation of incorporated BrdU and EdU. They differ in the mechanism of the revelation of incorporated BrdU for the reaction with antibodies. The first one was based on the use of hydrochloric acid, the second one on the incubation of samples with copper(I) ions. The use of hydrochloric acid resulted in a significant increase of the non-specific signal. In the case of the second method, no such effect was observed.
Multiband smart fractal antenna design for converged 5G wireless networks (2015)

Forthcoming Fifth Generation wireless network will be converged version of all the available wireless and wired networks including cognitive radio network, Wi-Fi, cellular, Wi-Max, WSN, IoT, Li-Fi, satellite communication and optical fiber network. Presently in the era of 4G, numbers of researchers have designed different antennas which can integrate maximum four services. This research work proposes design and implementation of Multiband Fractal smart antenna for at least seven converged wireless network services. The antenna works for several services such as GSM (0.89-0.96GHz), DCS (1.71-1.88GHz), WLAN/WSN (2.44-2.45GHz), LTE (1.7-1.9GHz), Wi-Fi/Wi-Max (2.68-6.45GHz), HIPER LAN2 (5.15-5.25GHz) and Ku Band (8-12GHz) application. The antenna planed to be designed and optimized by making using of commercially available software-High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Generating Optimized Cutting Layouts of Drywall Panels Using Building Information Modeling (2016)

The construction industry generates a substantial amount of solid waste. Cutting building materials into smaller pieces to fit the design is one of the sources of waste in new construction. This type of waste is known as leftover or residual. Drywall leftover is an example of such waste. Currently, contractors do not perform a detailed analysis of how many drywall panels would be required. Moreover, they do not use a consistent system for reusing their scrap and often cut a needed piece from a brand new panel instead of using available scrap. \n\nBuilding Information Model (BIM), as an object-oriented representation of the building contains all the required data and can be utilized to provide drywall crews with layouts indicating how to cut the panels into the required pieces so the leftover could be reduced. Also, some commercially available software applications, such as Autodesk Revit provide a platform to automate processes such as optimization by implementing algorithms through their Application Programming Interface (API). \n\nSimilar problems have been studied in other fields and industries. Bin packing problem in mathematics and Nesting process in the cutting industry are examples of such research. As the result, automated optimization methods that utilize Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) are introduced to address these problems. There is an opportunity to apply Evolutionary Algorithms to solve a similar problem in the construction industry. This study investigates if it is feasible to implement EA-based optimization methods on a BIM platform to develop an automated optimization tool.\n\nIn light of available tools and methods, an automated optimization tool is developed as a Revit add-in. It extracts geometrical data from BIM and receives dimensions of available drywall panel(s) from the user. The algorithm, finds the most desirable arrangement of panels and the number of full panels is calculated. The outline of smaller pieces that need to be cut out of full panels are also determined. Then by utilizing an EA-based optimization method, it generates the cutting layouts. \n\nThe add-in is tested on a certain number of simple models for several iterations and the generated cutting layouts show very optimal leftover. On a very specific model containing twenty pieces that need to be cut out of full panels, the add-in application spent 100 minutes to generate the cutting layouts, which resulted in 36% reduction in the leftover, compared to the layouts generated in the initial iterations. The test proved that the proposed algorithm is able to optimize cutting layouts. It demonstrates that utilizing such optimization algorithm on a BIM platform could be considered as an effective way to reduce the material waste.
A Video Imaging Technique for Assessing Dermal Exposure I. Instrument Design and Testing (1986)

A new method for measuring dermal exposure has been developed which employs video imaging technology and fluorescent tracers. Workers are examined under long wave ultraviolet light following exposure, and fluorescence is quantitated by a television camera interfaced to a microcomputer. This instrument demonstrates high stability over extended periods of use. Through proper calibration it can quantitate a wide range of fluorescent tracer densities on the skin accurately. The lower limit of detection is 100 ng/cm2. Quenching occurs when very high levels of fluorescence are detected, creating an upper limit to quantitation.
Signal Transduction and Protein Phosphorylation (1995)

Abstract Higher functions of the central nervous system are based on communication between functional units consisting of many neurons. Communication within and between functional units of neurons is largely based on the chemical transmission of signals with time courses ranging from milliseconds to seconds and minutes. Most chemical transmission requires a cascade of enzymatic steps that are relatively slow, but provide for essential modulation of fast transmission and of effects that are independent of ion channels. This typically involves receptors that are coupled to membrane-bound, GTP-binding proteins (G proteins). This chapter discusses G-protein-coupled signal transduction, protein phosphorylation, multifunctional CaM kinase, and functional studies.
App Store 2.0: From Crowdsourced Information to Actionable Feedback in Mobile Ecosystems (2017)

Given the increasing competition in mobile-app ecosystems, improving the user experience has become a major goal for app vendors. App Store 2.0 will exploit crowdsourced information about apps, devices, and users to increase the overall quality of the delivered mobile apps. App Store 2.0 generates different kinds of actionable feedback from the crowd information. This feedback helps developers deal with potential errors that could affect their apps before publication or even when the apps are in the users' hands. The App Store 2.0 vision has been transformed into a concrete implementation for Android devices. This article is part of a special issue on Crowdsourcing for Software Engineering.
Calcification-Resistant Nafion/Fe<sup>3+</sup> Assemblies for Implantable Biosensors (2000)

An electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition technique was employed for the formation of thin films consisting of alternating layers of perfluorinated ionomer (Nafion) and ferric ions. UV-vis spectroscopic and ellipsometric data indicate a stepwise growth that in certain cases is as high as 47 nm per dip cycle. The growth characteristics of these assemblies can be correlated with Nafion's hydrodynamic radius, iron content, as well as the ionic strength and pH of Nafion and the wash solution. When these assemblies were compared to cast Nafion films, they exhibit the following advantages: (i) increased hydrolytic stability, attained without thermal treatment required for pristine Nafion films, and (ii) resistance to calcification, by more than an order of magnitude. These results, along with the ability to control glucose permeability by varying the number of Nafion/Fe3+ layers, could prove vital in prolonging the lifetime of implantable biosensors.
Highly Efficient Catalyst Systems Using Iron Complexes with a Tetradentate PNNP Ligand for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Polar Bonds (2007)

Iron competes with pricey ruthenium: The first catalyst systems using iron complexes for asymmetric H2 hydrogenation at 50 °C and asymmetric transfer hydrogenation at room temperature has been discovered. The transfer hydrogenation activity is similar to that of the best ruthenium catalyst. Surprisingly, the precatalysts have a tetradentate diiminodiphosphine ligand which has no NH functionality. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z705115_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Flexible Web services integration: a novel personalised social approach (2018)

Dynamic composition or integration remains one of the key objectives of Web services technology. This paper aims to propose an innovative approach of dynamic Web services composition based on functional and non-functional attributes and individual preferences. In this approach, social networks of Web services are used to maintain interactions between Web services in order to select and compose Web services that are more tightly related to user’s preferences. We use the concept of Web services community in a social network of Web services to reduce considerably their search space. These communities are created by the direct involvement of Web services providers.
Lichenes Knightiani in Nova Zelandia lecti additis nonnullis aliis ejusdem regionis, quos exponit (1892)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Cationic Gold(<scp>I</scp>) Complexes: Highly Alkynophilic Catalysts for the <i>exo</i>‐ and <i>endo</i>‐Cyclization of Enynes (2004)

As good as gold: Alkynophilic cationic gold(I) complexes are very active catalysts for reactions of enynes that proceed exclusively through cyclopropyl carbene complexes as intermediates (see scheme). With such catalysts, the first examples of endocyclic skeletal rearrangements under mild conditions have been observed.
THE ALLOGENEIC EFFECT IN INBRED MICE (1973)

The allogeneic effect has been shown to replace the requirement for carrier-specific helper thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes in secondary antihapten antibody responses in guinea pigs or mice. Attempts to enhance primary antibody responses to either 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or DNP-ovalbumin (OVA) by the allogeneic effect have failed, and frequently result in suppression. However, the present studies have demonstrated a clear allogeneic effect on primary anti-DNP responses to a DNP-conjugate of the copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine, DNP-D-GL. This compound, for which no carrier-specific helper T cells exist, normally induces a state of DNP-specific tolerance in the doses employed. However, normal (BALB/c x A/J)F(1) recipients developed primary anti-DNP antibody responses, and of the IgG class, when DNP-D-GL was administered shortly after the transfer of allogeneic parental A strain lymphoid cells. To test the possibility that the presence of KLH-specific T lymphocytes might inhibit the expression of the allogeneic effect on the primary response to DNP-KLH, studies were undertaken using T cell-depleted spleen cells. In this model, the allogeneic effect again enhanced the primary response to DNP-D-GL, but still failed to enhance the primary response to DNP-KLH. These studies indicate that the structure of the molecule employed and its specific interaction with the bone marrow-derived (B) cell membrane may be critical in the capacity of primed and unprimed B cells to be influenced by the allogeneic effect.
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO <sub>2</sub> ) extraction of grapefruit flavedo (1998)

Grapefruit flavedo (Citrus paradisi Macf.) was extracted by different methods: hydrodistillation; and solvent extraction using pentane, ethanol and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) at two fluid densities. The composition of the distillates and oleoresins were compared. Monoterpene hydrocarbons decrease in SC-CO2 extracts at 87–90% with respect to their quantity in pentane extracts (95%) and in hydrodistillates (97%); these levels in monoterpene hydrocarbons were related to the limonene content, the most representative compound in grapefruit essence. Sesquiterpenes, aldehydes, alcohols and esters increased their GC area percentage in SC-CO2 extract at a high density of the solvent, with respect to the hydrodistillate and the pentane extract. Very interesting was the high increase in nootkatone concentration in the SC-CO2 extracts; this grapefruit essence component was 4.72% in the extract at 8 MPa, and it was 5.19% in that at 25 MPa; the ketone was very low in the hydrodistillates (0.22–0.26%). The monoterpene hydrocarbon concentrations, expressed as g of component in 100 g of extract, showed a decrease in SC-CO2 oleoresins. Oxygenated, sesquiterpenes and particularly nootkatone increase their amount in SC-CO2 extracts. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decarboxylative Arylation of α-Amino Acids via Photoredox Catalysis: A One-Step Conversion of Biomass to Drug Pharmacophore (2014)

The direct decarboxylative arylation of α-amino acids has been achieved via visible light-mediated photoredox catalysis. This method offers rapid entry to prevalent benzylic amine architectures from an abundant biomass, specifically α-amino acid precursors. Significant substrate scope is observed with respect to both the amino acid and arene components.
Domain Specific Facts Extraction Using Weakly Supervised Active Learning Approach (2013)

An ontology is defined using concepts and relationships between the concepts. In this paper, we focus on second problem: relation extraction from plain text. Generic Knowledge Bases like YAGO, Freebase, and DBPedia have made accessible huge collections of facts and their properties from various domains. But acquiring and maintaining various facts and their relations from domain specific corpus becomes very important and challenging task due to low availability of annotated data. Here, we proposed a label propagation based semi-supervised approach for relation extraction by choosing most informative instances for annotation. We also proposed weakly supervised approach for data annotation using generic ontologies like Freebase, which further reduces the cost of annotating data manually. We checked efficiency of our approach by performing experiments on various domain specific corpora.
Selective Nanoscale Mass Transport across Atomically Thin Single Crystalline Graphene Membranes (2017)

Atomically thin single crystals, without grain boundaries and associated defect clusters, represent ideal systems to study and understand intrinsic defects in materials, but probing them collectively over large area remains nontrivial. In this study, the authors probe nanoscale mass transport across large-area (≈0.2 cm<sup>2</sup> ) single-crystalline graphene membranes. A novel, polymer-free picture frame assisted technique, coupled with a stress-inducing nickel layer is used to transfer single crystalline graphene grown on silicon carbide substrates to flexible polycarbonate track etched supports with well-defined cylindrical ≈200 nm pores. Diffusion-driven flow shows selective transport of ≈0.66 nm hydrated K<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> ions over ≈1 nm sized small molecules, indicating the presence of selective sub-nanometer to nanometer sized defects. This work presents a framework to test the barrier properties and intrinsic quality of atomically thin materials at the sub-nanometer to nanometer scale over technologically relevant large areas, and suggests the potential use of intrinsic defects in atomically thin materials for molecular separations or desalting.
Magmas Gene Structure and Evolution (2005)

Magmas is a nuclear encoded protein found in the mitochondria of mammalian cells. It participates in granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling in hematopoietic cells and has an essential role in invertebrate development. In order to characterize the protein structural features and gene evolution of Magmas, a dataset containing 61 Magmas homologs from 52 species distributed among animals, plants and fungi was analyzed. All Magmas members were found to possess three novel sequence motifs in addition to a conserved leader peptide. Phylogenetic tree and dN/dS rate ratios showed that Magmas was evolutionarily conserved. Analysis of Magmas gene organization demonstrated incremental intron acquisition in plants and vertebrates. Significant genetic diversity in Magmas was observed from kingdom specific amino acid signatures, the presence of predicted signal peptides that target the protein to other intracellular locations besides the mitochondria, and the detection of multiple isoforms in higher animals. These studies demonstrate that Magmas members constitute an important family of conserved proteins having multifunctional activities, and provide a basis for future experiments.
Confronting the Interface between the Gospel and Psychology (1999)

Confronting the Interface between the Gospel and PsychologyTeach ye diligently and my grace shall attend you, that you may be instructed more perfectly in theory, in principle, in doctrine, in the law of the gospel, in all things that pertain unto the kingdom of God, that are expedient for you to understand.
Genetic diversity in <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> Jordan 1982 and a proposal for <i>Bradyrhizobium elkanii</i> sp.nov. (1992)

Fourteen randomly selected clones from cosmid libraries of Bradyrhizobium were used as hybridization probes in Southern blot analysis. Seven of the probes used were from strain USDA 83, a group II strain, and the other seven were from strain I-110, a group Ia strain. The 30 strains examined included 9 strains of Rj4-incompatible soybean bradyrhizobia. Considerable polynucleotide sequence dissimilarity between DNA homology groups was evidenced by striking differences in the number of hybridizing bands, except where the probe carried repetitive DNA. Predictable, simple restriction fragment length polymorphism differences were observed only within DNA homology groups. The previous description that 8 of 9 Rj4-incompatible strains belonged to DNA homology group II was verified. The new data, together with many previously documented differences, make it clear that the DNA homology group II organisms should be classified as a new species, for which the name Bradyrhizobium elkanii is proposed, and strain USDA 76 is designated the type strain. The ATCC number for the type strain is 49852. Key words: DNA:DNA hybridization, soybean, nodulation, bacteria, symbiosis, nitrogen fixation, host compatibility.