gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-molecule studies of SNARE complex assembly reveal parallel and antiparallel configurations (2003)

Vesicle fusion in eukaryotes is thought to involve the assembly of a highly conserved family of proteins termed soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) into a highly stable parallel four-helix bundle. We have used intermolecular single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer to characterize preassembled neuronal SNARE complexes consisting of syntaxin, synaptobrevin, and synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa on deposited lipid bilayers. Surprisingly, we found a mixture of parallel as well as antiparallel configurations involving the SNARE motifs of syntaxin and synaptobrevin as well as those of syntaxin and synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa. The subpopulation with the parallel four-helix bundle configuration could be greatly enriched by an additional purification step in the presence of denaturant, indicating that the parallel configuration is the energetically most favorable state. Interconversion between the configurations was not observed. From this observation, we infer the conversion rate to be <1.5 h-1. The existence of antiparallel configurations suggests a regulatory role of chaperones, such as N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor, or the membrane environment during SNARE complex assembly in vivo, and it could be a partial explanation for the relatively slow rates of vesicle fusion observed by reconstituted fusion experiments in vitro.
Optimal Tube Potential for Radiation Dose Reduction in Pediatric CT: Principles, Clinical Implementations, and Pitfalls (2011)

In addition to existing strategies for reducing radiation dose in computed tomographic (CT) examinations, such as the use of automatic exposure control, use of the optimal tube potential also may help improve image quality or reduce radiation dose in pediatric CT examinations. The main benefit of the use of a lower tube potential is that it provides improved contrast enhancement, a characteristic that may compensate for the increase in noise that often occurs at lower tube potentials and that may allow radiation dose to be substantially reduced. However, selecting an appropriate tube potential and determining how much to reduce radiation dose depend on the patient's size and the diagnostic task being performed. The power limits of the CT scanner and the desired scanning speed also must be considered. The use of a lower tube potential and the amount by which to reduce radiation dose must be carefully evaluated for each type of examination to achieve an optimal tradeoff between contrast, noise, artifacts, and scanning speed.
Subthreshold slope of thin-film SOI MOSFET's (1986)

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) n-channel transistors have been made in thin (90 nm) silicon films. Both modeling and experimental results show that excellent subthreshold slopes can be obtained (62 mV/ decade) when the silicon film thickness is smaller than the maximum depletion depth in the transistor channel. For comparison, the subthreshold slope of transistors made in thicker films is also reported.
Accurate Prediction of Phase Transitions in Compressed Sensing via a Connection to Minimax Denoising (2013)

Compressed sensing posits that, within limits, one can undersample a sparse signal and yet reconstruct it accurately. Knowing the precise limits to such undersampling is important both for theory and practice. We present a formula that characterizes the allowed undersampling of generalized sparse objects. The formula applies to approximate message passing (AMP) algorithms for compressed sensing, which are here generalized to employ denoising operators besides the traditional scalar soft thresholding denoiser. This paper gives several examples including scalar denoisers not derived from convex penalization-the firm shrinkage nonlinearity and the minimax nonlinearity-and also nonscalar denoisers-block thresholding, monotone regression, and total variation minimization. Let the variables ε = k/N and δ = n/N denote the generalized sparsity and undersampling fractions for sampling the k-generalized-sparse N-vector x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> according to y=Ax <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . Here, A is an n×N measurement matrix whose entries are iid standard Gaussian. The formula states that the phase transition curve δ = δ(ε) separating successful from unsuccessful reconstruction of x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> by AMP is given by δ = M(ε|Denoiser) where M(ε|Denoiser) denotes the per-coordinate minimax mean squared error (MSE) of the specified, optimally tuned denoiser in the directly observed problem y = x + z. In short, the phase transition of a noiseless undersampling problem is identical to the minimax MSE in a denoising problem. We prove that this formula follows from state evolution and present numerical results validating it in a wide range of settings. The above formula generates numerous new insights, both in the scalar and in the nonscalar cases.
Criteria in the Making of Wage Decisions by “Neutrals”: The Railroads as a Case Study (1951)

Examines the decision-making process to resolve wage disputes in the railroad industry. Interpretation of the wage comparisons; Influence of changes in costs of living; Adequacy of the salary for the support of the employee. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
Tunable Active Crossover Networks (1985)

Conception et mise en œuvre de filtres separateurs actifs satisfaisant simultanement les proprietes complementaires de puissance et passe-tout. Realisation d'un circuit RC actif
The link between cutaneous inflammation and cognitive impairment (2022)

Cognitive impairment is a symptom of neurological disorders, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease; and mild cognitive impairment can be a precursor of both disorders. Aged humans and animal models with other systemic disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, display a higher incidence of cognitive decline. Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of cognitive impairment also is higher in subjects with certain inflammatory skin disorders, including psoriasis and chronic eczematous dermatitis. Chronologically aged individuals exhibit increased cutaneous inflammation and elevated circulating cytokine levels, linked to alterations in epidermal function, which itself can induce cutaneous inflammation. Conversely, strategies that improve epidermal function can lower cytokine levels in both the skin and circulation. Thus, it seems likely that epidermal dysfunction could contribute, at least in part, to the development of chronic low-grade inflammation, also termed 'inflammaging', in the elderly. The evidence of cognitive impairment in patients with inflammatory dermatoses suggests a link between cutaneous inflammation and cognitive impairment. Because of the pathogenic role of epidermal dysfunction in ageing-associated cutaneous inflammation, improvements in epidermal function could be an alternative approach for mitigation of the ageing-associated decline in cognitive function.
Ablation of atrial fibrillation: a procedure come of age? (2001)

Various approaches for catheter ablation of focal initiators of atrial fibrillation or the substrate for maintaining atrial fibrillation have evolved over the past 5 years. Despite these advances, there are still a large number of unresolved issues regarding the efficacy and safety of these procedures as well as optimal patient selection for the different approaches. These uncertainties raise questions about the applicability at the present time of atrial fibrillation as front-line therapy within the community.
Functional protein–organic/inorganic hybrid nanomaterials (2013)

Nanotechnology offers immense opportunities for regulating and improving biological functions of proteins in vitro. Recent years have witnessed growing efforts to develop protein-incorporated hybrid nanostructured materials with potential applications in functional materials, enzymatic catalysis, drug delivery, and analytical sciences. In this review, recent advances in functional protein-organic/inorganic hybrid nanomaterials are discussed with an emphasis on the novel preparation methods, resulting nanostructures, and their potential applications in drug delivery and enzymatic catalysis. Future directions toward the rational design of these bionanomaterials are suggested.
Impact of Pb on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at Physiological and Transcriptional Levels (2020)

Trace elements stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses in environment. Nevertheless, the defense mechanism in microalgae remains poorly understood. In this study, physiological and molecular methods were performed to analyze the defense responses in green alga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>. It was speculated that the defense responses might mainly be due to the regulation of hormone signaling, indicating its potential role in alleviating the Pb toxicity besides other physiological and molecular defense responses like decrease in growth rate, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis efficiency, intensification of antioxidative mechanisms, regulation of transcription factors, trace elements chelation, and sequestration into vacuole via trace elements transporters. The sole differentially expressed ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters indicated that ABC transporters might play a very important role in the transport and relocation of Pb in <i>C. reinhardtii</i>. Additionally, our data provide the required knowledge for future investigations regarding Pb toxicity and defense mechanisms in algae, and detection of trace elements pollution in environment.
Empirical evaluation of vehicular models for ego motion estimation (2011)

Estimating the motion of a vehicle is a crucial requirement for intelligent vehicles. In order to solve this problem using a Bayes filter, an appropriate model of vehicular motions is required. This paper systematically reviews typical vehicular motion models and evaluates their suitability in different scenarios. For that, the results of extensive experiments using accurate reference sensors are presented and discussed in order to provide guidelines for the choice of an optimal model.
Recent Advancements In Cycloolefin Based Resists For ArF Lithography. (1998)

This paper reports our work on a series of alicyclic polymer-based photoresist platforms designed for 193nm lithography. The polymers described here were prepared from derivatives of norbornene and appropriate co-monomers by free radical polymerization. A variety of techniques were explored as a means of enhancing the lithographic, optical, dissolution, and mechanical properties of photoresists formulated from these alicyclic polymers. Recent studies designed to improve the lithographic performance of photoresists formulated with these materials are described. The process lattitude, delay stability and the utility of the resist for pattern transfer of lithographic images into polysilicon were also studied.
Interested in promoting walking at work? First things first, assess your workplace environment. (2008)

The article discusses a pre-intervention audit of campus environments and comments on how well they lend support to the walking initiative, The implications for those interested in promoting workplace walking are highlighted.
Protein networks in disease (2008)

During a decade of proof-of-principle analysis in model organisms, protein networks have been used to further the study of molecular evolution, to gain insight into the robustness of cells to perturbation, and for assignment of new protein functions. Following these analyses, and with the recent rise of protein interaction measurements in mammals, protein networks are increasingly serving as tools to unravel the molecular basis of disease. We review promising applications of protein networks to disease in four major areas: identifying new disease genes; the study of their network properties; identifying disease-related subnetworks; and network-based disease classification. Applications in infectious disease, personalized medicine, and pharmacology are also forthcoming as the available protein network information improves in quality and coverage.
Phosphorylation of PITSLRE p110 Isoforms Accompanies Their Processing by Caspases during Fas-mediated Cell Death (1998)

A number of cellular proteins have been identified as caspase targets during cell death, including the PITSLRE protein kinases. These targets generally fall into one of three possible categories: 1) other caspases, 2) proteins that are inactivated during apoptosis, and 3) proteins that are required for execution of the cell death program. However, not all proteins are cleaved by caspases during apoptosis. Why only specific proteins are destined to be processed by caspases during cell death is currently not clear. Here we show that multiple caspase-like activities are involved in the processing of the PITSLRE p110 isoforms during Fas-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T-cells. Three p110 caspase cleavage sites have been mapped to the amino-terminal domain of p110 and verified by site-directed mutagenesis. Curiously, the mutagenesis studies revealed that cleavage of two juxtaposed caspase sites is necessary for the complete processing of this protein during cell death in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that the PITSLRE p110 protein is rapidly phosphorylated during Fas-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells and that phosphorylation of an amino-terminal portion of the protein may enhance caspase cleavage in this region.
Monitoring the disease activity via the antibody-antigen recognition in paper (2013)

Dengue fever is one of the acute flavivrus-borne infectious diseases caused by dengue virus with four serotypes. To date, there are no efficient diagnostic tools available for monitoring the disease activity of dengue fever. It is needed to develop a diagnostic device with the characteristics of inexpensiveness, ease-to-use and robustness for the detection of dengue fever. In this study, we have developed an ELISA-based diagnostic device prepared via wax printing method through using filter paper. The antigens that we targeted to quantify in the buffer system were both non-structural protein 1 with the detection limit of about 100 pg/mL and envelope protein with the diluted virus culture soup of about 100 times of serotype 2 dengue virus (only 2 μL sample). We believe that this study would provide insight on the development of in-vitro diagnostic devices for dengue fever and various diseases in the different divisions of medicine.
Microarray and Functional Analysis of Growth Phase-Dependent Gene Regulation in<i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i> (2009)

Growth phase-dependent gene regulation has recently been demonstrated to occur in Bordetella pertussis, with many transcripts, including known virulence factors, significantly decreasing during the transition from logarithmic to stationary-phase growth. Given that B. pertussis is thought to have derived from a Bordetella bronchiseptica-like ancestor, we hypothesized that growth phase-dependent gene regulation would also occur in B. bronchiseptica. Microarray analysis revealed and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed that growth phase-dependent gene regulation occurs in B. bronchiseptica, resulting in prominent temporal shifts in global gene expression. Two virulence phenotypes associated with these gene expression changes were tested. We found that growth-dependent increases in expression of some type III secretion system (TTSS) genes led to a growth phase-dependent increase in a TTSS-dependent function, cytotoxicity. Although the transcription of genes encoding adhesins previously shown to mediate adherence was decreased in late-log and stationary phases, we found that the adherence of B. bronchiseptica did not decrease in these later phases of growth. Microarray analysis revealed and qRT-PCR confirmed that growth phase-dependent gene regulation occurred in both Bvg(+) and Bvg(-) phase-locked mutants, indicating that growth phase-dependent gene regulation in B. bronchiseptica can function independently from the BvgAS regulatory system.
Explicit Knowledge Programming for Computer Games (2008)

The main aim of this paper is to raise awareness of higher-order knowledge (knowledge about someone else's knowledge) as an issue for computer game AI. We argue that a number of existing game genres, especially those involving social interaction, are natural fields of application for an approach we call explicit knowledge programming. We motivate the use of this approach, and describe a simple implementation based upon it. A survey of recent literature and computer games illustrates its novelty.
Cytotoxicity, drug combinability, and biological correlates of ABT‐737 against acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with <i>MLL</i> rearrangement (2010)

We describe the in vitro studies to demonstrate the activity and drug combinability of ABT-737 against MLL rearranged leukemia cells. In addition, identification of the molecular changes that occur in the presence of ABT-737 provides information regarding effective target validation and target modulation analyses in future clinical trials.
Thermal quenching of Eu<sup>2+</sup>5d–4f luminescence in inorganic compounds (2005)

The thermal quenching of Eu2+ 5d–4f emission on Ba, Sr, or Ca sites in compounds is often attributed to a large displacement between the ground state and excited state in the configuration coordinate diagram. This work will demonstrate that the ionization of the 5d electron to conduction band states is the genuine quenching mechanism. A model is proposed to explain why in some types of compounds the quenching temperature decreases when going from the Ba variant via the Sr variant to the Ca variant and in other types of compounds the reverse behaviour occurs. The nature of the bottom of the conduction band plays an important role in this.
The Effect of Spraying of Water Droplets and Location of Water Droplets on the Water Treatment by Pulsed Discharge in Air (2010)

In this paper, some characteristics of a method for decomposing organic compounds by spraying a water solution of organic compounds as droplets into pulsed streamer discharges in air are presented. For the characteristics, the effect of spraying the water droplets compared with water film flowing in a chamber wall, and locations of water droplets into the discharge area on water treatment by the pulsed discharge in air was investigated. In the experiments, a coaxial electrode was used. A solution of organic dye, indigo carmine, was used for a sample. Experimental methods of the effect of spraying the water droplets were to sample each solution gotten through the discharge area as water droplets and water film. Experimental methods of the effect of locations of the water droplets were to spray the water droplets near the wire electrode or the cylindrical electrode. The time spent for decolorizing the water droplets, including indigo carmine, was 0.57 times shorter than that flowing along the inner wall of a reactor into the discharge. This result shows that spraying as water droplets into the discharge in air is effective for faster treatment of water. The time spent for decolorizing the water droplets, including indigo carmine, at the location near the cylindrical electrode of the reactor was 1.5 times faster than that at the location near the wire electrode of the reactor. This result shows that the location near the cylindrical electrode of the reactor has many radicals that are effective for degradation of organic compounds.
pH-modulated release of insulin entrapped in a spontaneously formed hydrogel system composed of two water-soluble phospholipid polymers (2002)

To develop a polypeptide drug carrier through oral administration, a polymer hydrogel has been found that is very easy to prepare by mixing two water-soluble phospholipid polymers. The polymers having 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) moieties spontaneously formed a hydrogel, which showed controllable dissociation via pH changes. In this study, the MPC polymer hydrogel was prepared from aqueous solutions containing water-soluble poly[MPC-co-methacrylic acid (MA)] (PMA) and poly[MPC-co-n-butyl methacrylate (BMA)] (PMB), and the applicability of the hydrogel as an oral drug delivery carrier was examined. The gelation process from the two MPC polymers is spontaneous, requiring no chemical reactions and/or no physical stimuli. PMB has a hydrophobic domain, which is suitable for loading hydrophobic drugs. Insulin could be very easily loaded to almost 100% in the hydrogel. PMA also has carboxyl groups, which are well known for pH sensitivity. At pH 1.8, the swelling continued for 8 h, with complete dissociation after 16 h. At pH 6.8, the hydrogel completely dissociated within 4 h. The hydrogel remained stable at pH 1.8 and released all the insulin at pH 6.8. The release rate was approximately four times faster at pH 6.8. After release, the insulin did not show any denaturing tendency.
Implementing a Heterogeneous Multi-Core Prototype in an FPGA (2012)

Since the mid-1980s processor performance growth has been remarkable, with an annual growth of about 52 %. Methods such as architectural enhancements exploiting ILP and frequency scaling have been effective at increasing performance, but are now limited by its diminishing returns and the power wall. Heterogeneous processors as an alternative source for continued growth looks promising, but research on heterogeneous software is made difficult as heterogeneous hardware is in low supply. This thesis cover the design and implementation of a heterogeneous processor called SHMAC and its framework. Flexibility of the delivered system allows rapid exploration of both hardware and software sides of heterogeneous processor research questions. The system is intended for research at CARD at NTNU. Two processor tiles and a set of additional tiles for extended functionality are provided, yielding a wide range of possible hardware setups in the delivered framework. Using a Xilinx Virtex 6 we were able to implement 40 integer cores or 16 floating-point cores.