gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Literature study on the state of the art in model transformation technology (2010)

Innovative functions in cars, such as active safety systems and advanced driver assistance systems, are realized as embedded systems. The development of such automotive embedded systems is challenging in several respects: the product typically has several crosscutting system properties, experts of diverse disciplines need to cooperate and appropriate processes and tools are required to improve the effciency and the complexity management of development. Model-driven development captures the architecture of the embedded system in the form of models with well-defined metamodels. Model-driven development provides a partial solution to some of the challenges of embedded systems development, but it also introduces new challenges. Models do not remain static, but they change over time and evolve. Evolution can change models in two ways: (1) by making design decisions and adding, deleting or changing model elements, or (2) by reusing models in different tools. We propose support for both aspects of model evolution. (1) When models are changed, the design decisions and the justification for the change are usually neither captured nor documented in a systematic way. As a result, important information about the model is lost, making the model more difficult to understand, which hampers model evolution and maintenance. To support model evolution, design decisions need to be captured explicitly using an appropriate representation. This representation reduces the overhead of capturing design decisions, keeps the model and the design decision documentation consistent and links the design decision documentation to the model. As a result, the captured design decisions provide a record of the model evolution and the rationale of the evolution. (2) Several models and views are used to describe an embedded system in different life cycle stages and from the viewpoints of the involved disciplines. To create the various models, a number of specialized development tools are used. These tools are usually disconnected, so the models cannot be transferred between different tools. Thus, models may become inconsistent, which hampers understandability of the models and increases the cost of development. We present a model-based tool integration approach that uses a common metamodel in combination with model transformation technology to build bridges between different development tools. We apply this approach in a case study and integrate several tools for automotive embedded systems development: A systems engineering tool, a safety engineering tool and a simulation tool. As a part of future work, we plan to extend the tool integration approach to exchange not only models but also the attached documentation of design decisions. As a result, the design decision documentation is linked consistently to corresponding model elements of the various tool-specific models, supporting model evolution across several development tools
A Flow Model for Centrifugal Compressor Rotors (1978)

A study of the presently available information on flow phenomena in curved ducts and in the flow passage of rotating channels shows that the flow distribution postulated by potential flow arguments occurs only in the initial portion of the channel. The production of turbulent kinetic energy on the concave side and pressure side of the channel in conjunction with stratification tendencies causes the flow distribution to become more uniform in the midsection of the channel and may initiate the generation of a comparatively large wake at the channel exit. These phenomena can be expressed by the Richardson number and a loading parameter which then become significant similarity parameters for the flow development in a rotating channel. The presently available information is insufficient to formulate precise relations for the influence of the Richardson number over the range encountered in typical centrifugal rotors. Thus only tentative values can be offered. More theoretical and experimental studies will be required to derive more exact interrelations.
African American Ethnicity as a Risk Factor for Respiratory Complications Following Adenotonsillectomy (2013)

Children of African American ethnicity (TestSC used as a proxy) are nearly twice as likely to experience major respiratory complications related to T&A. Ethnicity may be an additional independent risk factor for clinicians to consider when planning for T&A.
Cell Sorting by Flow Cytometry (2007)

Flow sorters have become a widespread and vital resource in the biological sciences and beyond. Their main purpose is to retrieve populations of interest from a heterogeneous population for further study. If a cell or particle can be specifically identified by its physical or chemical characteristics, it can be separated using a flow sorter. This chapter discusses the ways in which this may be done, the principles behind particle sorting, and the practicalities of a successful sorting experiment.
Miniature 250 Hz, TEA CO<sub>2</sub>laser using H<sub>2</sub>buffered gas mixture (1983)

The design and performance of a miniature 250 Hz, TEA CO2 laser using H2 buffered mixtures is described. 6 W average power has been obtained from a 103 mm3 discharge volume.
Mars Observer spacecraft description (1991)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Reducing the Impact of Binding of UCN-01 to Human .ALPHA.1-Acid Glycoprotein by Encapsulation in Liposomes (2005)

A liposomal formulation of UCN-01 was studied to prevent binding of drug to human alpha1-acid glycoprotein (hAGP). The release of drug from liposomes added to various media was investigated by monitoring the concentration of UCN-01 in different fractions. Protein bound UCN-01 was separated from liposomal UCN-01 and free UCN-01 by gel chromatography and the drug content in the fractions was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Also, the blood levels of hAGP bound drug and drug retained in liposomes were assessed after intravenous administration to rats of UCN-01 liposomes together with hAGP. In media containing hAGP, but not rat AGP, UCN-01 was released from liposomes. When UCN-01 liposomes were mixed with rat plasma plus hAGP, the UCN-01 in the liposomes was only gradually released so that some drug remained in the liposomes, and therefore not bound to hAGP, for up to 24 h. After the mixture of liposomal UCN-01 and hAGP was injected into rats, some UCN-01 was retained in liposomes for several hours. Encapsulation of UCN-01 into liposomes is an effective method of preventing binding of UCN-01 to hAGP.
The behaviour and bruising of cattle during transport at different space allowances (1988)

We investigated the effect of space allowance during transport on behaviour, bruising and welfare of 48 Hereford steers (mean liveweight 400 kg). On 4 occasions, animals from each space allowance, low (0.89 m2/animal), medium (1.16 m2/ animal) and high (1.39 m2/animal) were transported 360 km in the same stock-crate in a standardised manner to an abattoir for slaughter. During transport, the behaviour of the animals was monitored on closed circuit video. On arrival at the abattoir, all animals were placed in lairage in the same yard on each occasion and were handled in a standardised manner at slaughter next day. Carcass measurements made at slaughter included bruise score, muscle pH, weight, fat depth and muscle score. In the high space allowance the animals made significantly (P< 0.05) more movements of >1 m than did animals in the low space allowance. Six animals 'went down' in the low space allowance, but none did so in the other treatments. The carcass weight in the low space allowance was significantly (P<0.05) less than that of the medium space allowance (196 v. 206 kg respectively), and the bruise scores in the low and high space allowance treatments were 4 and 2 times greater respectively than in the medium space allowance treatment (8.2, 4.6 and 1.9 bruise scores respectively; P< 0.01). We conclude that space allowance for cattle during road transport can significantly affect the level of bruising, carcass weight and risk of injury of the animals.
Static losses and controllability of current fed dimmable LED drivers (2013)

The paper presents synthesis and comparison of several drivers of original topologies for LED dimming. The work is based on the hypothesis that the direct current control, in contrast to indirect voltage control, is very useful in LED applications where luminous flux is almost proportional to LED's current. In order to confirm or disprove this hypothesis, several current fed LED ballasts have been synthesized based on corresponding voltage fed converters and known rules of their transformation. The synthesized circuits are mathematically described and experimentally tested. The obtained results show that the approach is useful from the point of view of controllability of LED lamp. Special attention is paid to the estimation of static losses of the LED drivers presented in the given paper. It is concluded that although these parameters are not as good as for voltage fed drivers they remain on an acceptable level. Finally, it is concluded that the current fed step-down driver is advantageous from many points of view and it is worth to work on its further improvement. At the same time, some practical difficulties of implementation of the current fed converters have been detected. This, first of all, regards to the lack of the natural current sources and the risk of their open loop operation. These problems, however, are subject of future works.
1.5 µm wavelength, SCH-MQW InGaAsP/InP broadened-waveguidelaser diodes with low internal loss and high output power (1996)

Reduction of internal loss and a twofold increase of differential efficiency have been obtained for 1.5 µm wavelength InGaAsP/InP separate confinement multiquantum well long cavity lasers with broadened waveguides. A record CW output power of 4.6 W has been demonstrated for a laser with a 200 µm aperture.
Starch microparticles as vaccine adjuvant (2005)

The demand for new vaccine adjuvants is well documented. New purified antigens from parasites, bacterial or viral pathogens, as well as recombinant subunit antigens and synthetic peptides, are often inherently weak immunogens; therefore, they need some kind of adjuvant to help initiate an immune response. In addition, there are very few adjuvants using the potential of the mucosal immune system, which may play an important role in the defence against air- and food-borne infections. Starch is a natural biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that is suitable for the production of various particulate adjuvant formulations, which can induce mucosal as well as systemic immune responses. This review gives an account of the different starch adjuvants used in immunisation studies. In particular, the properties of polyacryl starch microparticles as an oral vaccine adjuvant that induce protective immune responses in mice challenge experiments are summarised. In addition, a diphtheria booster vaccine has been proposed to be used to proving the concept in man and the possibilities to design an efficient vaccine formulation for human use are discussed.
Comprehensive Overview on Computational Intelligence Techniques for Machinery Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis (2017)

Computational intelligence is one of the most powerful data processing tools to solve complex nonlinear problems, and thus plays a significant role in intelligent fault diagnosis and prediction. However, only few comprehensive reviews have summarized the ongoing efforts of computational intelligence in machinery condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. The recent research and development of computational intelligence techniques in fault diagnosis, prediction and optimal sensor placement are reviewed. The advantages and limitations of computational intelligence techniques in practical applications are discussed. The characteristics of different algorithms are compared, and application situations of these methods are summarized. Computational intelligence methods need to be further studied in deep understanding algorithm mechanism, improving algorithm efficiency and enhancing engineering application. This review may be considered as a useful guidance for researchers in selecting a suitable method for a specific situation and pointing out potential research directions.
The role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of Peyronie's disease (2020)

Ultrasonography is the preferred imaging modality in Peyronie's disease and noninvasively characterizes penile plaques and monitors plaque response to various treatments. At our center, we perform ultrasonography with intracavernosal injection in all patients with Peyronie's disease to evaluate the degree of curvature, plaque characteristics, and concomitant erectile dysfunction to better guide management decisions.
Identification of the Peptides That Inhibit the Function of Human Monoclonal Thyroid-Stimulating Antibodies from Phage-Displayed Peptide Library1 (2001)

Autoantibodies against TSH receptor (TSHR) are known to be involved in the occurrence of Graves' disease. It is obvious that mapping of epitopes of the autoantibodies found in the patients with Graves' disease is an important step in elucidating possible mechanism of generation of the autoantibodies against TSHR as well as in developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for Graves' disease. In this report we have identified the peptide sequences that bind to two human monoclonal thyroid-stimulating antibodies (mTSAbs; B6B7 and 101-2) from a disulfide-constrained phage-displayed peptide library. The peptides selected by three rounds of biopanning showed half-maximal inhibitory activities for cAMP synthesis induced by mTSAbs at about 0.1 micromol/L. SPWTLGA and TQWNMQH selected for B6B7 and 101-2, respectively, show specificity for their respective antibodies. This means that different clones of mTSAbs may have different epitopes for TSHR. The IgG of the patient from whom B6B7 was derived binds with specificity to the respective immobilized peptide in an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay format, and its cAMP generation was also inhibited by selected peptide. It may be possible that the epitopes of TSAbs identified from the phage-displayed peptide library could be used for the classification of different clones of TSAbs present in patients with Graves' disease and for development of drugs to treat Graves' disease.
Brief Research Report - Text Anxiety in Adolescents (1995)

A large sample of adolescents were screened for test anxiety using the Test Anxiety Scale for Children (TASC). Subjects with low and high scores on the TASC were then compared in a structured clinical interview (Interview Schedule for Children, ISC). The high test anxious adolescents showed a significantly greater preponderance of disorders, particularly anxiety disorders. We argue that these findings have implications for counsellors and psychologists working in school settings.
Note: A disposable x-ray camera based on mass produced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor sensors and single-board computers (2015)

We have integrated mass-produced commercial complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors and off-the-shelf single-board computers into an x-ray camera platform optimized for acquisition of x-ray spectra and radiographs at energies of 2-6 keV. The CMOS sensor and single-board computer are complemented by custom mounting and interface hardware that can be easily acquired from rapid prototyping services. For single-pixel detection events, i.e., events where the deposited energy from one photon is substantially localized in a single pixel, we establish ∼20% quantum efficiency at 2.6 keV with ∼190 eV resolution and a 100 kHz maximum detection rate. The detector platform's useful intrinsic energy resolution, 5-μm pixel size, ease of use, and obvious potential for parallelization make it a promising candidate for many applications at synchrotron facilities, in laser-heating plasma physics studies, and in laboratory-based x-ray spectrometry.
Rocking chair therapy for dementia patients: Its effect on psychosocial well-being and balance (1998)

The use of platform style rocking chairs to improve psychological well-being and balance of nursing home residents with dementia was studied. Despite significant cognitive impairment, most medically stable unrestrained residents accepted the chairs and learned to actively rock. During the six week program, residents were able to rock an average of 101 minutes per day. Using a cross-over design (n=25), there were improvements in depression/anxiety and reductions in PRN pain medication significantly related to amount of rocking. Those who liked rocking and wanted to continue it at the end of the study also demonstrated significant improvements in balance as measured by center of gravity.
A nucleotide that enhances the charging of RNA minihelix sequence variants with alanine (1990)

We showed earlier that a single G3.U70 base pair within the amino acid acceptor helix is a major determinant of the identity of tRNA(Ala). In addition, we demonstrated that an RNA hairpin minihelix that recreates the 12 base pair acceptor-T psi C stem of tRNA(Ala) is also aminoacylated in a G3.U70-dependent manner. Determinants for efficient aminoacylation at pH 7.5 have been further investigated with minihelix substrates that have sequence variations at 3.70 and other locations. Although a U,U mismatch and other 3.70 nucleotide alternatives to G.U were recently proposed by others as also important for alanine acceptance, neither that mismatch nor any of four other 3.70 nucleotide combinations confer aminoacylation in vitro with alanine, even with substrate levels of enzyme. In contrast, permutations of the so-called discriminator nucleotide N73 (at position 73) strongly modulate, but do not block, aminoacylation of those substrates that encode G3.U70. In particular, the efficiency of G3.U70-dependent aminoacylation with alanine is strongly enhanced by having the wild-type A73. The effect of N73 alone can explain most of the difference in aminoacylation efficiency of a G3.U70-containing tRNA and a minihelix substrate whose sequences vary significantly from their tRNA(Ala) counterparts. Comparison with earlier work suggests that the substantial modulating effect of N73 is partly or completely obscured when N73 tRNA variants are expressed as amber suppressors in vivo.
Investigation of PD-CU-SI metallic glass film for hysterisis-free and fast response capacitive mems hydrogen sensors (2017)

We show that PdCuSi metallic glass (MG) is a promising material for Pd-based capacitive MEMS hydrogen sensors, reducing both hysteresis and response time of the sensing operation. Firstly, we demonstrate that the fabricated PdCuSi MG film exhibits no hysteresis during hydrogen absorption and desorption. Drastic reduction of the response time is also shown. We also show that, to eliminate the hysteresis and to reduce the response time, PuCuSi needs to be MG, not microcrystal. Secondly, based on the measured strain property, we show that the capacitive sensing scheme has advantage in sensing low concentration hydrogens.
New report: Cancer leading cause of death in US Hispanics (2013)

A report by the American Cancer Society (ACS) indicates that cancer has surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of death among US Hispanics. In 2009, the most recent year for which data are available, 29,935 people of Hispanic origin died of cancer and 29,611 died from heart disease. Comparatively, heart disease remains the leading cause of death in non-Hispanic whites and African Americans. The data, which were published in the journal CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, have been compiled every 3 years since 2000.2 “There is substantial heterogeneity within the US Hispanic population,” says lead author Rebecca Siegel, MPH. “The most effective strategies for reducing the cancer burden in these underserved communities utilize tailored, culturally appropriate interventions, such as patient navigation, to increase access to medical services. ” In 2012, an estimated 112,800 new cancer cases were diagnosed and 33,200 deaths occurred among US Hispanics. From 2000 to 2009, cancer death rates among Hispanics declined by 2.3% per year in men and 1.4% per year in women, compared with 1.5% and 1.3% per year, respectively, in non-Hispanic whites. Hispanics have lower incidence and death rates than non-Hispanic whites for all cancers combined and for the 4 most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and bronchus, and colorectum). In lung cancer, both rates for Hispanics are approximately one-half those of non- Hispanic whites. At the same time, Hispanics have higher incidence and mortality rates for cancers of the stomach, liver, uterine cervix, and gallbladder. For example, their incidence and death rates for cervical cancer are 50% to 70% higher than those of non-Hispanic whites, and they are diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease for more cancers than non-Hispanic whites. Contributing factors could include greater exposure to cancer-causing agents, lower rates of screening for cervical cancer, and genetic factors. Only 1 in 10 US Hispanics are aged 55 years and older, the age group in which the majority of cancers are diagnosed; More than 1 in 4 Hispanics in the United States lived in poverty in 2010; and Nearly 1 in 3 Hispanics in the United States do not have medical insurance.
Harmonic field analysis for slip-ring motors including general rotor asymmetry (2003)

The author presents a field analysis for slip-ring induction motors with general external impedance asymmetry. The method is based upon a rotating-field theory approach including spatial magnetomotive force harmonics. It is shown that a series of nonmains frequency voltages are induced in the stator winding for both balanced and unbalanced rotors. The method is also used to derive the harmonic equivalent circuit for a balanced three-phase slip-ring motor with a skewed rotor. The analysis is verified by comparing predicted torque and current characteristics with measured values obtained from a machine with a balanced rotor and with a rotor connected to asymmetrical external resistances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
AgBiS<sub>2</sub> Semiconductor-Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

We present a new ternary semiconductor sensitizer-AgBiS2 for solar cells. AgBiS2 nanoparticles were grown using a two-stage successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction process. Post annealing transformed the double-layered structure into AgBiS2 nanoparticles of ∼16 nm in diameter. Liquid-junction semiconductor-sensitized solar cells were fabricated from the synthesized AgBiS2 semiconductor. The best cell exhibited a short-circuit current density Jsc of 7.61 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.18 V, a fill factor of 38.6%, and a power conversion efficiency η of 0.53% under 1 sun. The η increased to 0.76% at a reduced light intensity of 0.148 sun. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectrum covered the spectral range of 350–850 nm, with an average EQE of ∼54% over the main spectral region of 450–650 nm. The Jsc under 0.148 sun was equal to 1.69 mA/cm2, a respectable Jsc for a new sensitizer.
Estimating Pressure and Saturation Changes from Time Lapse AVO Data (1999)

Abstract Time-lapse (4D) seismic is a procedure where a reservoir is imaged with reflected seismic energy at several time steps while being depleted¹,².