gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormal development of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum in the setting of lamin B2 deficiency (2010)

Nuclear lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a structural scaffolding for the cell nucleus. Defects in lamins A and C cause an array of human diseases, including muscular dystrophy, lipodystrophy, and progeria, but no diseases have been linked to the loss of lamins B1 or B2. To explore the functional relevance of lamin B2, we generated lamin B2-deficient mice and found that they have severe brain abnormalities resembling lissencephaly, with abnormal layering of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. This neuronal layering abnormality is due to defective neuronal migration, a process that is dependent on the organized movement of the nucleus within the cell. These studies establish an essential function for lamin B2 in neuronal migration and brain development.
Coexpression of P<sub>2Y</sub>and P<sub>2U</sub>Receptors on Aortic Endothelial Cells (1995)

Depending on the vascular bed considered, the actions of ATP on the endothelium are mediated by either P2Y or P2U receptors. The two types of receptors seem to coexist on bovine aortic endothelial cells, where they are both coupled to phospholipase C. In this study, we have investigated whether they are truly coexpressed on the same cells and whether their signaling pathways diverge beyond phospholipase C activation. Measurements of [Ca2+]i in single cells showed that almost all bovine aortic endothelial cells are responsive to both 2-methylthio-ATP (2MeSATP), an agonist of P2Y receptors, and UTP, an agonist of P2U receptors. UTP stimulated the release of prostacyclin from freshly isolated bovine aortic endothelial cells, even when they were exposed to cycloheximide at the time of their collection: this indicates that P2U receptors must already be expressed on endothelial cells in situ and do not appear during cell culture. The time course of inositol phosphate (InsP) accumulation and the relative proportion of Ins(1,4,5)P3, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, and Ins(1,3,4)P3 were similar in cells stimulated by 2MeSATP or UTP. UTP and 2MeSATP both stimulated the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase D, as reflected by the release of [3H]choline from prelabeled cells. The responses to both agents were blocked after downregulation of protein kinase C, resulting from a prolonged exposure to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate: this blockade occurred at a step distal to phospholipase C activation. A single difference between the two pathways has been identified: the effect of 2MeSATP on InsP3 was significantly more inhibited after a short exposure to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate than that of UTP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Integrated Task Representation for Indirect Interaction Position Paper (1997)

We are developing mixed-initiative systems that provide users with flexible control over evolving processes. For such systems to be feasible, both users and automated agents must be able to operate at multiple levels of abstraction. We are designing mixed initiative systems organized around shared task models to achieve this multi-level task sharing. These task models will allow both human and automated agents to view the ongoing state, to control tasks and to project future requirements. Our task models will have semantics, allowing a suitable interpreter to directly execute tasks for users. We discuss this approach and our initial implementation of a system that assists users in proposal preparation.
Progressive Addition Lenses: History, Design, Wearer Satisfaction and Trends (2000)

Progressive addition lenses are currently the state of the art in multifocal correction for presbyopia. This paper discusses the trade-offs inherent in progressive lens designs; adaptation to and the measurement of progressive lenses; as well as current and future trends in the industry.
Human milk: maternal dietary lipids and infant development (2007)

Human milk provides all the dietary essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), as well as their longer-chain more-unsaturated metabolites, including arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and DHA (22:6n-3) to support the growth and development of the breast-fed infant. Human milk levels of LA have increased in Westernized nations from mean levels (g/100 g total fatty acids) of 6 to 12-16 over the last century, paralleling the increase in dietary intake of LA-rich vegetable oils. DHA levels (g/100 g total milk fatty acids) vary from 1% and are lowest in countries in which the intake of DHA from fish and other animal tissue lipids is low. The role of DHA in infant nutrition is of particular importance because DHA is accumulated specifically in the membrane lipids of the brain and retina, where it is important to visual and neural function. An important question is the extent to which many human diets that contain low amounts of n-3 fatty acids may compromise human development. The present paper reviews current knowledge on maternal diet and human milk fatty acids, the implications of maternal diet as the only source of essential fatty acids for infant development both before and after birth, and recent studies addressing the maternal intakes and milk DHA levels associated with risk of low infant neural system maturation.
Differential Interaction of Nuclear Receptors with the Putative Human Transcriptional Coactivator hTIF1 (1997)

Hormonal regulation of gene activity is mediated by nuclear receptors acting as ligand-activated transcription factors. Intermediary factors interacting with their activation functions are required to mediate transcriptional stimulation. In search of such receptor interacting proteins, we have screened a human cDNA expression library and isolated a human protein that interacts in vitro with transcriptionally active estrogen receptors (ER). Sequence analysis reveals that this protein is the human homolog of mouse TIF1 (transcription intermediary factor 1) shown to enhance nuclear receptor ligand-dependent activation function 2 (AF2) in yeast. We have characterized the nuclear receptor binding site on hTIF1 and shown that a region of 26 residues is sufficient for hormone-dependent binding to the estrogen receptor. As shown by point mutagenesis, the AF2 activation domain of ER is required for the binding of hTIF1 but not sufficient, since a short region encompassing the conserved amphipathic alpha-helix corresponding to this domain fails to precipitate hTIF1. We also demonstrate that hTIF1 association with DNA-bound ER requires the presence of estradiol. Finally, we show that the interaction of hTIF1 with receptors is selective since strong in vitro hormone-dependent binding is only observed with some members of the nuclear receptor superfamily.
Electronic publishing and visions of hypertext (1992)

Will editors of journals and magazines such as this be out looking for new jobs in a few years' time? Will a world overrun with forests use paper only for packing the confectionery eaten by hungry hackers? Should you save this issue of Physics World as a possible collector's item?
A new hydrosol of gold clusters (1993)

Reduction of gold(III) ions by tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride gives a hydrosol of gold clusters with mean diameter 1.5 nm (average nuclearity about Au170) and smaller.
Direct Semi-Synthesis of the Anticancer Lead-Drug Protoapigenone from Apigenin, and Synthesis of Further New Cytotoxic Protoflavone Derivatives (2011)

Protoapigenone, a natural flavonoid possessing an unusual p-quinol moiety on its B-ring, is a novel prospective anticancer agent with low toxicity that is currently in development. The first economical, one-step synthesis of protoapigenone from apigenin is described on up to gram scale. 13 new 1'-O-alkylflavone analogs were also synthesized, either from apigenin or β-naphthoflavone. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of each compound was tested on six human cancer cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, Ca9-22, A549, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). In the case of 1'-O-alkyl-protoapigenone derivatives, structure-activity relationships were found depending on the side-chain, and protoapigenone 1'-O-butyl ether was found to exert significantly stronger activity against three of the cell lines (Hep3B, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) than its non-substituted analog, protoapigenone itself. In contrast to this, all β-naphthoflavone derivatives bearing the same pharmacophore on their B-ring showed decreased cytotoxic activities when substituted with an O-alkyl side-chain at position 1', comparing to that of the non-substituted compound.
Development of a Simple Dry Eye Model in the Albino Rabbit and Evaluation of Some Tear Substitutes (1999)

The present paper is concerned with the development of a simple dry eye model in the rabbit, induced by daily repeated instillations of 1.0% atropine sulphate. The evolution of the dry eye syndrome in the animals was assessed by the Schirmer I test and by examination of the cornea after fluorescein staining. The model produced rapidly some typical dry eye symptoms and could be satisfactorily used for a preliminary assessment of the protective activity of some polymeric tear substitutes. These were based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium hyaluronate, sodium polyacrylate or tamarind gum. The latter polymer showed the best overall results. Ferning tests on the formulations were also performed: their validity as predictors of the efficacy of tear substitutes is discussed.
Configurable reliability framework for SSD-RAID (2014)

Since multi-level-cell flash memory (MLC) is superior to single-level-cell flash memory (SLC) in terms of cost and density, most solid-state drives (SSD's) adopt MLC as major storage medium. Unfortunately, compared with SLC, MLC has relatively poor reliability and slow access speed. One feasible solution is to adopt the notion of redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) to construct a large-scale flash memory storage system that can support high reliability and high performance. However, parity data introduced by RAID structure would incur extra writes and updates that further deteriorate performance and space utilization. To reduce repeated updates of parity data incurred by data updates as well as to make data recovery scheme flexible and space efficient, we propose a configurable reliability framework (CRF) for SSD-RAID. Under our framework, users can configure different reliability level for their data based on the criticality of the data. With different reliability levels, capability of recovery would differ accordingly. Users could also dynamically change the reliability level of their data whenever needed. Different from prior researches, our framework could not only greatly reduce the overhead incurred by parity data but also guarantee the data reliability. Thus, the proposed framework could be applied in flash memory based storage systems.
MECHANISM OF THE REACTION BETWEEN HYDROCARBONS AND PICRIC ACID IN THE SOLID STATE (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMECHANISM OF THE REACTION BETWEEN HYDROCARBONS AND PICRIC ACID IN THE SOLID STATER. P. Rastogi, Parmjit S. Bassi, and S. L. ChadhaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 67, 12, 2569–2573Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100806a016https://doi.org/10.1021/j100806a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views507Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Microbolometer SU-8 photoresist microstructure with cytochrome c protein as a sensing pixel for microbolometer (2012)

There are two important parts in Microbolometer: the high TCR sensing material and low thermal conductance. The high TCR material cytochrome c protein is a good candidate for infrared detection. Our group already demonstrated cytochrome c thin film has high TCR on the top of SU8 surface that has been published in Proc. of SPIE (2011). Because the very low thermal conductivity of SU-8, we proposed a new concept of SU-8 photoresist thermal insulation desk structure, and used the exposure dose method to establish it. Although exposure dose method is very sensitive to exposure time and PEB time, we successfully investigated the right recipe to create new desk insulation structure which with different height. We also explored the relationship between mask II exposure time and desktop thickness, and how the post-exposure baking (PEB) time influenced our structure. Our SU-8 photoresist insulation structure fabrication process is much easier and cheaper than present SiNx fabrication process. The desk shape structure can have low thermal conductance of 6.681*10<sup>-6</sup> W/K. The easy-made SU-8 microstructures and cytochrome c thin films that and can reduce the cost of IR microbolometer. We believe that it is possible to fabricate a new generation of microbolometer based on cytochrome c protein and SU-8 photoresist microstructures.
Authenticated Key Establishment Protocols for a Home Health Care System (2007)

Wireless sensor networks provide solutions to a range of monitoring problems. However, they also introduce a new set of problems mainly due to small memories, weak processors, limited energy and small packet size. Thus only a very few conventional protocols can readily be used in sensor networks. Sensor networks can exist in many different environments, and each environment has its own unique characteristics and requirements. As an example application, a home health care system is proposed and examined in detail in this paper. We show how cryptographically weak physiological data can be used to establish keys between body sensors, where the sensors have no other prior secret. This paper also proposes a protocol where a hand held device, such as a PDA, can establish a key with the majority of sensors found in our home health care system. This is achieved without the necessity of using traditional encryption. Detailed analysis of each of the protocols is provided. The protocols were implemented in TinyOS and simulated using TOSSIM and ATEMU. Energy consumption and memory requirements are analysed and it was found that an RSA implementation of our protocols has some advantages over an ECC implementation.
Beyond the Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells: Next‐Generation Devices and Materials (2015)

Over the last decade, significant progress has been made towards the development of approaches that enable the capture of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood of cancer patients, a critical capability for noninvasive tumor profiling. These advances have leveraged new insights in materials chemistry and microfluidics and allowed the capture and enumeration of CTCs with unprecedented sensitivity. However, it has become increasingly clear that simply capturing and counting tumor cells launched into the bloodstream may not provide the information needed to advance our understanding of the biology of these rare cells, or to allow us to better exploit them in medicine. A variety of advances have now emerged demonstrating that more information can be extracted from CTCs with next-generation devices and materials featuring tailored physical and chemical properties. In this Minireview, the last ten years of work in this area will be discussed, with an emphasis on the groundbreaking work of the last five years, during which the focus has moved beyond the simple capture of CTCs and gravitated towards approaches that enable in-depth analysis.
Diversity and degrees of freedom in wireless communications (2002)

We introduce rigorous definitions for two quantities of interest, diversity and degrees of freedom, that are used to quantify the advantages of a multiple antenna multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system when compared to a single-input single-output (SISO) system. These definitions are in a general setting which will allow the computation of these quantities for systems other than multiple antenna MIMO systems. We verify the effectiveness of the definitions by computing the quantities of interest for various existing examples.
Controlling for Continuous Confounders in Epidemiologic Research (1997)

Multiple regression models are commonly used to control for confounding in epidemiologic research. Parametric regression models, such as multiple logistic regression, are powerful tools to control for multiple covariates provided that the covariate-risk associations are correctly specified. Residual confounding may result, however, from inappropriate specification of the confounder-risk association. In this paper, we illustrate the order of magnitude of residual confounding that may occur with traditional approaches to control for continuous confounders in multiple logistic regression, such as inclusion of a single linear term or categorization of the confounder, under a variety of assumptions on the confounder-risk association. We show that inclusion of the confounder as a single linear term often provides satisfactory control for confounding even in situations in which the model assumptions are clearly violated. In contrast, categorization of the confounder may often lead to serious residual confounding if the number of categories is small. Alternative strategies to control for confounding, such as polynomial regression or linear spline regression, are a useful supplement to the more traditional approaches.
Highly Independent MTJ-Based PUF System Using Diode-Connected Transistor and Two-Step Postprocessing for Improved Response Stability (2020)

In physically unclonable functions (PUFs), generating random cryptographs is required to secure private information. Various memory-based PUFs (MemPUFs), where cryptographs are generated independently from each PUF cell to increase the unpredictability of the cryptographs, have been proposed. Among them, the spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory MemPUF generates constant responses under temperature and voltage variations by exploiting a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) as the variation source. However, its response stability is diminished by the different characteristics of the two access transistors used in a PUF cell. To solve this problem, a novel PUF array that employs a diode-connected transistor and a shared access transistor, is proposed. In addition, a two-step postprocessing is adopted: 1) a write-back technique that amplifies the initial mismatch of MTJ resistances, and 2) a cell-classification technique that detects unstable PUF cells and discards their responses. The Monte Carlo HSPICE simulation results using industry-compatible 65-nm technology show that the proposed PUF system achieves the highest independence (autocorrelation factor of 0.0306) and the lowest maximum bit error rate (BER) under temperature and supply-voltage variations (<; 0.01% and 0.04% in the ranges of -25 to 75 °C and 0.8-1.2 V, respectively) compared with conventional PUF systems that exploit independent variation sources.
δ-Sarcoglycan-deficient muscular dystrophy: from discovery to therapeutic approaches (2011)

Mutations in the δ-sarcoglycan gene cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2F (LGMD2F), an autosomal recessive disease that causes progressive weakness and wasting of the proximal limb muscles and often has cardiac involvement. Here we review the clinical implications of LGMD2F and discuss the current understanding of the putative mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. Preclinical research has benefited enormously from various animal models of δ-sarcoglycan deficiency, which have helped researchers to explore therapeutic approaches for both muscular dystrophy and cardiomyopathy.
Dynamic Resource Management for Longevity in Web Server Systems (2009)

As the Internet became a popular source of information, more and more people are using the Internet in their everyday life. Therefore, for the servers that maintain web page sites get a lot of transactions and to maintain a stable environment, a lot of web sites have more than one server for these transaction requests. A common architecture to balance the transactional load is by using a L7 switch to distribute the requests. The current L7 switch utilizes methods that cannot sustain the web site for long if there are dynamic interactive pages. There have been researches to load balance web sites for static web pages. However, as more and more web pages become dynamic and interactive, there needed to be a method that prolongs the web site crashes without buying large number of servers. Our methods use explicit CPU utilization information to dynamically decide which transactional request is mapped where. Using our methods, the longevity (the length of the web site remains open) of a website is higher than other researched/utilized methods.
Polymer modification and synthesis using sulfenyl derivatives, 7. Mechanism of blocky sequence formation in adducts of benzene‐ and toluenesulfenyl chlorides with 1,4‐polybutadiene (1978)

Abstract The 50 per cent adduct of benzenesulfenyl chloride ( 1b ) to cis ‐1,4‐polybutadiene shows a two‐phase morphology as has been observed in the corresponding adduct of p ‐toluenesulfenyl chloride ( 1a ). These adducts appear to contain blocky structures which may form if the sulfur atom on a reacted monomeric unit can activate the olefinic bond of an adjacent, unreacted monomeric unit. Kinetic and model compound studies on the additions of 1a and 1b to polybutadiene support this explanation. The activating mechanism does not operate during addition of 2‐nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride ( 1c ) and 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride ( 1d ), which, therefore, yield adducts with a single‐phase morphology.
Matrix Metalloproteinases and Diabetic Vascular Complications (2005)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events and microvascular complications. These complications contribute to the morbidity and mortality associated with DM. There is increasing evidence supporting a role for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases - TIMPs) in the atherosclerotic process. However, the relationship between MMPs/TIMPs and diabetic angiopathy is less well defined. Hyperglycemia directly or indirectly (eg, via oxidative stress or advanced glycation products) increases MMP expression and activity. These changes are associated with histologic alterations in large vessels. On the other hand, low proteolytic activity of MMPs contributes to diabetic nephropathy. Within atherosclerotic plaques an imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs may induce matrix degradation, resulting in an increased risk of plaque rupture. Furthermore, because MMPs enhance blood coagulability, MMPs and TIMPs may play a role in acute thrombotic occlusion of vessels and consequent cardiovascular events. Some drugs can inhibit MMP activity. However, the precise mechanisms involved are still not defined. Further research is required to demonstrate the causative relationship between MMPs/TIMPs and diabetic atherosclerosis. It also remains to be established if the long-term administration of MMP inhibitors can prevent acute cardiovascular events.