gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical identification and comparative insecticidal activity of nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates pathogenic for <i>Heliothis armigera</i> (Lep., Noctuidae) larvae (1999)

Three Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPVs) originally isolated from Heliothis armigera larvae, collected from Portugal (HearNPV‐PO) and two places in Spain (HearNPV‐SP1 and HearNPV‐SP2), and three previously described NPVs were compared biochemically and biologically. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the virus genome with several enzymes revealed that isolates HearNPV‐SP1 and HearNVP‐SP2 are unique but closely related genotypes which represent two new strains of the NPVs of H. armigera. The DNA fragment profiles of HearNPV‐PO were distinct from those of the HearNPV‐SP1 and HearNPV‐SP2, with all the enzymes used, while they were identical to the Mamestra brassicae NPV strain present in the commercial product MAMESTRIN ® . Bioassays in third‐instar H. armigera larvae showed that the LD 50 value obtained for HearNPV‐SP1 (68 occlusion bodies/larva) was about two‐ and six‐times lower than those of HearNPV‐SP2 and a Russian isolate, HearNPV‐RU, respectively. The corresponding LT 50 values were not found to differ significantly between these three virus isolates at comparable doses.
Photon Information Efficient Communication Through Atmospheric Turbulence–Part I: Channel Model and Propagation Statistics (2014)

Optical communication with high photon-efficiency (many bits/photon) and high spectral efficiency (SE) (many bits/s-Hz) cannot be achieved unless multiple spatial modes are employed. For vacuum propagation, it is known that achieving 10 bits/photon and 5 bits/s-Hz requires 189 low-loss spatial modes at the ultimate Holevo limit and 4500 such modes at the Shannon limit for on-off keying with direct detection. For terrestrial propagation paths, however, atmospheric turbulence corrupts multiple spatial-mode operation. This paper derives power-transmissivity bounds and average intermodal crosstalks for the turbulent channel that depend solely on the mutual coherence function of the atmospheric Green's function. These statistics are then evaluated for ~ 200 spatial-mode systems whose transmitters use either focused-beam, Hermite-Gaussian (HG), or Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes and whose receivers either do or do not employ adaptive optics. It is shown that: (1) adaptive optics are not necessary for achieving both high photon information efficiency (PIE) and high SE; (2) systems employing HG or LG modes achieve the same capacities through turbulence; and (3) the orbital angular momentum carried by LG modes does not provide turbulence immunity. In the companion paper [N. Chandrasekaran, J. H. Shapiro, and L. Wang, “Photon Information Efficient Communication Through Atmospheric Turbulence-Part II: Bounds on Ergodic Classical and Private Capacities,” J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1088-1097, Mar. 2014], the transmissivity bounds are used to quantify the turbulence-induced loss in PIE versus SE performance for these mode sets.
A Review of the Studies Using Buprenorphine in Cats (2014)

Pain management is a crucial component of feline medicine and surgery. This review critically evaluates studies using buprenorphine in cats and highlights the clinical application of the opioid in this species. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling of IV buprenorphine has been best described by a combined effect compartmental/receptor association-dissociation model with negative hysteresis. Therefore, plasma concentrations of the drug are not correlated with analgesia, and clinicians should not expect to observe pain relief immediately after drug administration. In addition, a ceiling effect has not been demonstrated after administration of clinical doses of buprenorphine in cats; dosages of up to 0.04 mg/kg have been reported. The route of administration influences the onset, duration, and magnitude of antinociception and analgesia when using this drug in cats. At clinical dosages, the SC route of administration does not appear to provide adequate antinociception and analgesia whereas the buccal route has produced inconsistent results. Intravenous or IM administration at a dosage of 0.02-0.04 mg/kg is the preferred for treatment of pain in the acute setting. A literature search found 14 clinical trials evaluating buprenorphine sedation, analgesia, or both in cats. There were 22 original research studies reporting the antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine by means of thermal threshold, mechanical threshold, or both, minimal alveolar concentration, or PK-PD. Individual variability in response to buprenorphine administration has been reported, indicating that buprenorphine may not provide sufficient analgesia in some cats. Pain assessment is important when evaluating the efficacy of buprenorphine and determining whether additional analgesic treatment is needed.
Low-noise and high-linearity LNA based on InGaP/GaAs HBT for 5.3-GHz WLAN (2005)

This paper presents a low-noise and high-linearity LNA based on InGaP/GaAs HBT for 5.3-GHz WLAN. Previous LNAs based on FET series (such as HEMTs) show excellent noise characteristics, but poor linearity. The InGaP/GaAs HBT LNA shows excellent linearity and noise characteristics because of its high base-doping concentration. The proposed LNA is fully integrated in a single chip of area 0.9 × 0.9 mm2 with high-Q spiral inductors and MIM capacitors, and is biased at the current point for optimum noise figure and gain characteristics; furthermore, excellent linearity is achieved. The measured result of the proposed LNA shows 13-dB gain, 2.1-dB noise figure, and excellent linearity with IIP3 of 5.5 dBm. The figure of merit (FOM), defined as a function of the linearity and noise figure, is 20.1 dB, which is the best result among previous LNAs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 550–553, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21047
Asymmetric synthesis of chloramphenicol (1992)

A. V. R. Rao, S. P. Rao and M. N. Bhanu, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 859 DOI: 10.1039/C39920000859
Preparation of Oligomeric 2′-Deoxy-5-Fluorouridylate of Defined Length and Backbone Composition: A Novel Pro-Drug form of the Potent Anti-Cancer Drug 2′-Deoxy-5-Fluorouridylate (1995)

Abstract A recursive protection scheme for FdUMP is employed by synthesizing oligonucleotides consisting of only FdU. 3′-O-exonuclease action releases FdUMP and a shortened oligonucleotide from which further exonuclease action releases more FdUMP. Such oligonucleotides are more cytotoxic to H4IIe, mouse fibroblast, and metastatic mouse rumor cells than are equivalent concentrations of FdU monomer.
Collapse Loads of a Cylindrical or Toroidal Free-Standing Inflatable Membrane∗ (1990)

ABSTRACT The behavior of free-standing cylindrical or toroidal membranes under collapse loads is analyzed in this paper. Results developed here agree with experiments and previous analysis and show that the mechanism of collapse of such membranes consists in the appearance of local, large deformed zones called pneumatic hinges, whereas the rest of the membrane remains unaffected and behaves like a rigid or elastic body.
A novel ADP‐dependent DNA ligase from <i>Aeropyrum pernix</i> K1 (2003)

A gene encoding a putative ATP-dependent DNA ligase from the aerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1 was cloned and the biochemical characteristics of the resulting recombinant protein were examined. The gene (accession no. APE1094) from A. pernix encoding a 69-kDa protein showed a 39-61% identity with other ATP-dependent DNA ligases from the archaea. Normally DNA ligase is activated by NAD(+) or ATP. There has been no report about the other activators for DNA ligase. The recombinant ligase was a monomeric protein and catalyzed strand joining on a singly nicked DNA substrate in the presence of ADP and a divalent cation (Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Ca(2+) and Co(2+)) at high temperature. The optimum temperature and pH for nick-closing activity were above 70 degrees C and 7.5 degrees C, respectively. The ligase remained stable for 60 min of treatment at 100 degrees C, and the half-life was about 25 min at 110 degrees C. This is the first report of a novel hyperthermostable DNA ligase that can utilize ADP to activate the enzyme.
Antimicrobial photodynamic activity of porphyrin derivatives: potential application on medical and water disinfection (2009)

In this highlight an overview of the advances performed by the Aveiro group on the design and synthesis of tetrapyrrolic photosensitizers with potential photodynamic antimicrobial activity is presented.
An energy adaptive demodulation for high data rates with impulse radio (2005)

The purpose of This work is to provide an operative way of achieving high data rates for impulse radio (IR) transmission based systems. Because applications targeted for ultra wide band (UWB) are low-cost, we especially focus on simple transceiver design. To that effect, we present an original demodulation scheme adapted to a multi-band on-off keying (OOK) modulation. The receiver's novelty consists of considering only the benefit from approximative delay spread and energy level to relax channel estimation constraints. The optimum demodulation turns out to be a non-trivial energetic threshold comparison whose precise theoretical computation admits an original analytical solution proving its feasibility. The knowledge of the available energy as well as the noise level required to set the threshold is easily obtained by appropriate estimators. Finally, in addition to simple hardware architectures, numerical results show the efficiency of these techniques.
Visualizing the spatial and temporal distribution of user interaction data collected in three-dimensional virtual worlds (2003)

This paper reports work in progress on the analysis and visualization of the spatial and temporal distribution of user interaction data collected in three-dimensional (3D) virtual worlds. Two tools are introduced. The "WorldMapper" reads in a so-called propdump file and creates a 2D clickable map showing the layout of the world as well as interaction possibilities such as teleports and clickable web links. The second tool visualizes user interaction data such as navigation, chatting, and Web access activity overlaid on the world map. Resulting visualizations are meant to support social navigation, design evaluation and optimization, and the study of virtual communities. Both tools are demonstrated on a 19-person information treasure hunt for information in a 3D virtual world. The paper concludes with a discussion and an outlook.
The small ribosomal subunit from <i>Thermus thermophilus</i> at 4.5 Å resolution: Pattern fittings and the identification of a functional site (1999)

The electron density map of the small ribosomal subunit from Thermus thermophilus, constructed at 4.5 A resolution, shows the recognizable morphology of this particle, as well as structural features that were interpreted as ribosomal RNA and proteins. Unbiased assignments, carried out by quantitative covalent binding of heavy atom compounds at predetermined sites, led to the localization of the surface of the ribosomal protein S13 at a position compatible with previous assignments, whereas the surface of S11 was localized at a distance of about twice its diameter from the site suggested for its center by neutron scattering. Proteins S5 and S7, whose structures have been determined crystallographically, were visually placed in the map with no alterations in their conformations. Regions suitable to host the fold of protein S15 were detected in several positions, all at a significant distance from the location of this protein in the neutron scattering map. Targeting the 16S RNA region, where mRNA docks to allow the formation of the initiation complex by a mercurated mRNA analog, led to the characterization of its vicinity.
RHEUMATIC COMPLAINTS (1971)

Journal Article RHEUMATIC COMPLAINTS Get access PHILIP H. N. WOOD, M.B.B.S. PHILIP H. N. WOOD, M.B.B.S. The Arthritis and Rheumatism Council, Field Unit for Epidemiological InvestigationsManchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 27, Issue 1, January 1971, Pages 82–88, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070820 Published: 01 January 1971
The effect of sputtered ruthenium dioxide overlayers on the photoelectrochemical behavior of cadmium sulfide electrodes (1982)

Bezuglich einer Inhibition der Photokorrosion von CdS ( ;z.B. bei der Photoelektrolyse von Wasser) durch RuO2-Bedeckung wurden Verschiebungen des Flachband-Potentials und des Photostrom-Einsetzpotentials untersucht.
Aspects of Contemporary Religious Change Among the Dinka (1992)

ASPECTS OF CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS CHANGE AMONG THE DINKA BY MARC R. NIKKEL (New College, Edinburgh) 'Nhialic aguar abik; lath, yen aci dung' � Dinka Proverb 'God is grinding fine flour; what remains is the sifting.' This traditional proverb is applied to periods of famine or unbearable suffering when it appears that the hand of Nhialic-' the One above', who brings blessing as well as hardship-is brutally crushing his people. Then, even then, the wisdom of God is at work, grinding the excellent fine flour which is beyond human capacity or expectation. God knows his methods and ultimate pur- poses for
Binary Mixed Solvent Electrolytes Containing Trifluoropropylene Carbonate for Lithium Secondary Batteries (2002)

To improve the safety of the electrolyte used for lithium secondary batteries, binary mixed solvent electrolytes containing trifluoropropylene carbonate (TFPC) as cosolvent have been studied. Chloroethylene carbonate (ClEC), ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate were chosen as the other component of the binary mixed solvent for the electrolytes. The solution properties of these electrolytes were characterized using conductivity and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The chemical shift of ClEC and TFPC did not vary with the mixing ratio due to their similar enthalpies of solvation as derived by molecular orbital simulation. The ClEC/TFPC electrolyte showed higher discharge capacities with lower irreversible capacity loss in both a graphite/Li cell and cell than other electrolyte systems. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were made for cells composed of each electrolyte. The surface of the graphite anode was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and solid spectroscopy. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Naphthodithiophene Diimide (NDTI)-Based Semiconducting Copolymers: From Ambipolar to Unipolar n-Type Polymers (2015)

A series of naphthodithiophene diimid (NDTI) based semiconducting polymers with various comonomer units, i.e., thienylenevinylene (TV), naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene (NDT), vinylene (V), benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTz), and naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole (NTz), were synthesized by Stille coupling or copper iodide-assisted Stille coupling using 2,7-dibromo-NDTI or 2,7-bis(trimethylstannyl)-NDTI, respectively. Their HOMO and LUMO energy levels were estimated by cyclic volttammetry and photoelectron spectroscopy. The HOMO energy levels of the NDTI-based polymers were strongly affected by the electronic nature of the comonomer units. In contrast, their LUMO energy levels were almost identical, likely owing to their localized LUMOs on the NDTI moiety. All the polymers showed air-stable electron transport in the field-effect transistors (FETs), thanks to their low-lying LUMO (∼−4.0 eV), as ambipolar (PNDTI-TV, -NDT, ∼0.082 cm2 V–1 s–1, μe = ∼0.029 cm2 V–1 s–1) or unipolar n-channel materials (PNDTI-V, -BTz, PNDTI-NTz, μe = ∼0.21 cm2 V–1 s–1), depending on their HOMO energy levels. These results indicate that the type of active carrier in the NDTI-based polymers can be controlled by the nature of comonomer units. Moreover, the two-dimensional grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (2D GIXD) indicated that the polymers with linear backbone structures and large space between the branched alkyl chains tend to afford well-organized crystalline thin film with the edge-on orientation, consistent with good transport characteristics in their FET devices.
Adaptive coding for conversational speech communication (1989)

Three techniques of channel capacity reduction (decreasing the SNR, decreasing the number of bits per sample, and decreasing the sampling rate) have been assessed for their subjective acceptability during double talk. A test-bed system capable of adaptively coding the speech sources during double talk has been constructed, this enabled us to hold conversational tests between two people through conventional looking telephones. The waveform coding/decoding part of the system is handled by a digital signal processing card based on a TMS32010 digital signal processing (DSP) chip. The back end processing system based on a Motorola MC68000 CPU is used for active speech detection and adaptive coding during double talk. This system enables the user to select a variety of adaptive techniques to process the PCM codes during double talk. It can also simulate the effect of end-to-end delay in adaptive coding.
A Self-Adaptive Mechanism for Software Configuration Based on Case-based Reasoning and Policy (2010)

Self-adaptive software expects the system to adapt its behaviors to environment changes. One main challenge is how to improve self-adaptation efficiency. In this paper case-based reasoning method is used to support the self-configuration case reuse which results in the configuration efficiency improvement. If there is no case to reuse directly, the policy-based technique is utilized to achieve the self-configuring plan. Moreover, the new generated configuration plan will be stored to the case repository for later reuse. This self-adaptive mechanism is more flexible and efficient which also is applicable to the self-optimizing, self-healing and self-protecting etc. It has proved to be available and very helpful in software system self-configuration.
Nitrogen Release Characteristics of a Bag Controlled Release Fertilizer (2019)

Slow release fertilizers are designed to enhance crop yield and minimizing the loss of nitrogen (N) to environment. However, N release in leaching and loss in ammonia emission from bag controlled release fertilizers have not been previously evaluated under the standardized conditions in soil. Accordingly, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of N release from a bag controlled fertilizer with 1, 3, 5 and 7 rows of hole (B-1, B-3, B-5, B-7) and a kraft bag without hole (B-W). The results showed that the amount of N leaching of B-1, B-3, B-5, B-7 and B-W were significantly lower than urea fertilizer without bag (U). The maximum N release from the fertilizers followed the order: U (83.16%) > B-7 (54.61%) > B-5 (54.02%) > B-W (51.51%) > B-3 (48.87%) > B-1 (38.60%) during the experimentation. Compared with U treatment, ammonia volatilization losses were significantly decreased by B-1, B-3, B-5, B-7 and B-W treatments. Based on N release and loss, a suitable bag with holes should be considered in practice when using the bag controlled fertilizer to meet an environment good objective. The evaluation method merits further study combined with field experiment.
Silicon carbonitride from polymeric precursors: thermal cross-linking and pyrolysis of oligosilazane model compounds (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilicon carbonitride from polymeric precursors: thermal cross-linking and pyrolysis of oligosilazane model compoundsN. S. Choong Kwet Yive, R. J. P. Corriu, D. Leclercq, P. H. Mutin, and A. ViouxCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 1, 141–146Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00019a029https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00019a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views773Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The 3rd generation IGBT toward a limitation of IGBT performance (2002)

The performance of the third-generation IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor) is described. It is demonstrated that a 600-V/100-A third-generation IGBT has an on-state voltage drop of about 1.7 V and a fall-time of about 150 ns during inductive-load turn-off, which is very close to the limit of IGBT performance predicted by numerical simulation. The device has overcurrent protection, and an average short circuit withstand capability of 30 mu s was obtained. An almost 40% reduction in the switching loss has been realized, as compared with conventional IGBT modules, for a PWM (pulse width modulated) inverter application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Downlink Fluid Model of CDMA Networks (2005)

Classical CDMA models mostly consider hexagonal networks. In spite of their simplicity, the hexagonal networks need complex calculations. We develop an analytical fluid model of the network, simpler than the hexagonal one. It can provide explicit formulas of capacity. As an application of this model, we indicate the densification problem of a UMTS network which means the increase of the number of base stations in a limited zone to satisfy a traffic need.
Studying applications for touch-enabled mobile phone keypads (2008)

We present a platform to evaluate mobile phone applications that make use of an additional dimension for key presses. Using capacitive sensors on each key, merely touching buttons as well as the force of the press can be measured. A set of applications well known from current mobile phones has been extended with functionality exploiting those new possibilities. The results of a study undertaken with this prototype are presented and conclusions are drawn for the design and implementation of such applications.
Everolimus: an immunosuppressive agent in transplantation (2006)

Everolimus is a novel immunosuppressive agent related to sirolimus. It is a proliferation signal inhibitor with an improved pharmacokinetic profile and bioavailability compared with sirolimus. Everolimus has been shown to be as effective as mycophenolate mofetil in reducing acute rejection in renal transplantation. In cardiac transplant recipients, it is superior to azathioprine in reducing acute rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Its use is also associated with a decrease in cytomegalovirus infection. However, coadministration with calcineurin inhibitors requires careful dose adjustment to prevent renal toxicity. Antiproliferative effects of everolimus may abrogate the increased risk of malignancy seen in solid organ transplantation.