gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micromachined pre-focused 1×<i>N</i>flow switches for continuous sample injection (2001)

In this paper, we present an investigation of a microfluidic chip capable of continuous sample switching and injection for bio-analytical applications. The novel device integrates two important microfluidic phenomena, including hydrodynamic focusing and valveless flow switching inside multi-ported microchannels. In this study, a simple theoretical model based on the `flow-rate-ratio' method is first proposed to predict the performance of the device. Based on these data, a pre-focused 1×N flow switch is designed and fabricated using micromachining techniques. A novel micromachining technique is demonstrated which combines quartz template fabrication and replication of microstructures on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrates for mass production of microfluidic devices. Three-dimensional templates with an inverse image of microfluidic channels are fabricated on quartz substrates and then used to imprint microstructures onto PMMA substrates using hot embossing methods. Finally, the flow switching is verified experimentally with the use of microscopic visualization of water sheath flows and a dye-containing sample flow. The experimental data indicate that the sample flow could be hydrodynamically pre-focused to a narrow stream and then guided into a desired outlet port based on relative sheath and sample flow rates. It also shows that the added `pre-focusing' function prior to the flow switching is crucial for precise sample injection. The microfluidic chip could be applied in the fields of bio/chemical analysis.
Biochemical Conversion Processes of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals – A Review (2015)

Lignocellulosic biomass - such as wood, agricultural residues or dedicated energy crops - is a promising renewable feedstock for production of fuels and chemicals that is available at large scale at low cost without direct competition for food usage. Its biochemical conversion in a sugar platform biorefinery includes three main unit operations that are illustrated in this review: the physico-chemical pretreatment of the biomass, the enzymatic hydrolysis of the carbohydrates to a fermentable sugar stream by cellulases and finally the fermentation of the sugars by suitable microorganisms to the target molecules. Special emphasis in this review is put on the technology, commercial status and future prospects of the production of second-generation fuel ethanol, as this process has received most research and development efforts so far. Despite significant advances, high enzyme costs are still a hurdle for large scale competitive lignocellulosic ethanol production. This could be overcome by a strategy termed 'consolidated bioprocessing' (CBP), where enzyme production, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation is integrated in one step - either by utilizing one genetically engineered superior microorganism or by creating an artificial co-culture. Insight is provided on both CBP strategies for the production of ethanol as well as of advanced fuels and commodity chemicals.
Cloning and sequencing of a deoxyribonucleic acid copy of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase messenger ribonucleic acid isolated from chicken muscle (1983)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was purified from the breast muscles of 3-week-old chickens and used to raise a specific antiserum in rabbits. This antiserum was coupled to an in vitro translation assay to monitor the purification of GAPDH mRNA. RNA was isolated from identical breast muscles and consecutively fractionated with several techniques to yield a preparation of GAPDH mRNA which was at least 50% pure. Double-stranded cDNA was made against this purified RNA, inserted into pBR322, and used to transform Escherichia coli. Recombinants were screened by colony filter hybridization with a cDNA probe made against the purified RNA. The hybridization-positive clone with the largest insert, pGAD-28, was then characterized by using pGAD-28-cellulose to select complementary RNA from total poly(A) RNA and then translating the hybridization-selected RNA in vitro. The single translation product was shown to be GAPDH by (1) comigration with pure GAPDH on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, (2) precipitation with specific anti-GAPDH antiserum, (3) cyanylation fingerprinting, and (4) AMP-agarose affinity chromatography. pGAD-28 was mapped with several restriction enzymes and then sequenced by the method of Maxam and Gilbert [Maxam, A. M., & Gilbert, W. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 560]. The 1261-nucleotide insert was found to contain 29 nucleotides of noncoding sequence at the 5' end, the entire coding region, and 230 nucleotides of the 3'-noncoding region including a poly(A) addition signal (AATAAA) and the first five residues of the poly(A) tail.
Crystallographic, magnetic, and ferroelectric structures of bulklike BiFeO3 thin films (2008)

Bi Fe O 3 thin films deposited on (111)-SrTiO3 substrates present both structural (rhombohedral) and multiferroic properties similar to bulk. The structural relaxation occurring when thickness increases and the low critical thickness possibly indicate different defect types and distribution as compared to (001)-BiFeO3, which may influence multiferroic domain dynamics. The same G-type antiferromagnetic order as in bulk is observed by neutron diffraction, with a superimposed weak ferromagnetic moment (10emu∕cm3) showing a planar anisotropy of 5kJ∕m3. When doped with 5% Mn these films also exhibit a polarization of 95μC∕cm2 along the [111] direction at room temperature, similar to high-quality BiFeO3 single crystals.
Development of an improved radioiodinated 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine for non-invasive imaging of amyloid plaques (2012)

A series of novel phenyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines was evaluated in the context of developing improved imaging agents for β-amyloid (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and as a useful probe for in vitro studies. The results from binding experiments in vitro, together with biodistribution studies, autoradiography and in vivo stability studies demonstrated that radioiodinated 2-(4′-bromophenyl)-6-iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (BrIMPY, 4b) is promising for preclinical and clinical imaging of Aβ. The no-carrier-added radioiodination of 4b was successfully performed through an iododestannylation reaction from the corresponding trimethyltin derivative. [125I]4b and [124I]4b selectively labeled Aβ-plaques in brain tissue of an APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and their pattern of uptake showed excellent correlation with Aβ plaque pathology as measured by ex vivo immunohistochemistry. The present results suggest that radioiodinated 4b possesses the properties needed as a tracer suitable for in vivo and in vitro studies, with potential for both PET and SPECT imaging of β-amyloid plaques in the living brain.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosized <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Fe</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>2</mml:mtext></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>3</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> Pigments (2012)

The work in this paper was devoted to investigating some nanosized iron oxide pigments prepared by microemulsion technique. The role of concentration of iron salt and surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) on the produced iron oxide was studied. The techniques employed to characterize the samples were thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscope, infrared spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results revealed that the particle size of the prepared sample using 0.2 M iron sulfate and 3.2 wt% of surfactant was in the range 7–9 nm. Increasing the concentration of either iron salt or the surfactant increased the particle size of the obtained ferric oxide. The diffuse reflectance measurements showed that the charge transfer/electron pair transition absorption peak, which is closely related to the reddish color of the oxide, was shifted to a longer wavelength (blue shift) by decreasing the dimension of the particles. The samples were tested as pigments. They showed different tints of red color and were found to be promising for applications as pigments in the field of paint manufacturing.
Feedback stabilization for an AC/DC power system model (1990)

The authors outline the development of a nonlinear control law to improve the transient stability of a small parallel AC/DC power system described by nonlinear descriptor equations. The strategy is based on feedback linearization principles. The performance of this strategy is illustrated via simulation. Preliminary results verify the effectiveness of the strategy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pentaisomaltose, an Alternative to DMSO. Engraftment of Cryopreserved Human CD34<sup>+</sup> Cells in Immunodeficient NSG Mice (2018)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation often involves the cryopreservation of stem cell products. Currently, the standard cryoprotective agent (CPA) is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is known to cause concentration-related toxicity and side effects when administered to patients. Based on promising in vitro data from our previous study using pentaisomaltose (a 1 kDa subfraction of Dextran 1) as an alternative to DMSO for cryopreservation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from apheresis products, we proceeded to a preclinical model and compared the two CPAs with respect to engraftment of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the immunodeficient NSG mouse model. Human HPCs from apheresis products were cryopreserved with either pentaisomaltose or DMSO, and the following outcomes were measured: (1) the post-thaw recovery of cryopreserved cells and clonogenic potential of CD34<sup>+</sup> cells and (2) hematopoietic engraftment in NSG mice. We found that recovery and colony-forming cells data were comparable between pentaisomaltose and DMSO. The engraftment data revealed comparable human CD45<sup>+</sup> levels in peripheral blood at 8 weeks and bone marrow at 16 weeks post transplantation. Additionally, the frequencies of CD34<sup>+</sup>CD38<sup>low/negative</sup> and myeloid/lymphoid cells in the bone marrow were comparable. We here demonstrated that long-term engrafting HSPCs were well preserved in pentaisomaltose and comparable to cells cryopreserved with DMSO. Although a clinical trial is necessary to translate these results into human use, the present data represent an important step toward the replacement of DMSO with a non-toxic alternative.
Fast Quantification of Recombinant Protein Inclusion Bodies within Intact Cells by FT-IR Spectroscopy (2007)

The accomplishment of the quantification of the recombinant protein content of whole bacterial cells by FT-IR spectroscopy by application of chemometrics is shown. Recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing an inclusion body forming fusion protein were dried on a 96-well silicon plate for the analysis in a high-throughput FT-IR spectrometer. Acquired spectra of additionally conventionally quantified samples were used to establish a multivariate calibration. The obtained method was tested by predicting inclusion body contents of samples not used for the multivariate model. Results from FT-IR spectra coincided well with the data of universalized electrophoresis analysis. Hence FT-IR spectroscopy could prove as a fast and simple alternative to conventional quantification methods.
Personalization on the Net using Web mining: introduction (2000)

n the Internet, we have experienced massive growth
INFLUENCE OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION ON NETWORK INFERENCE (2002)

We recently developed an approach for testing the accuracy of network inference algorithms by applying them to biologically realistic simulations with known network topology. Here, we seek to determine the degree to which the network topology and data sampling regime influence the ability of our Bayesian network inference algorithm, NETWORKINFERENCE, to recover gene regulatory networks. NETWORKINFERENCE performed well at recovering feedback loops and multiple targets of a regulator with small amounts of data, but required more data to recover multiple regulators of a gene. When collecting the same number of data samples at different intervals from the system, the best recovery was produced by sampling intervals long enough such that sampling covered propagation of regulation through the network but not so long such that intervals missed internal dynamics. These results further elucidate the possibilities and limitations of network inference based on biological data.
Optimizing Service Level Agreements for Autonomic Cloud Bursting Schedulers (2010)

The practice of computing across two or more data centers separated by the Internet is growing in popularity due to an explosion in scalable computing demands and pay-as-you-go schemes offered on the cloud. While cloud-bursting is addressing this process of scaling up and down across data centers (i.e. between private and public clouds), offering service level guarantees, is a challenge for inter-cloud computation, particularly for best-effort traffic and large files. The parallel workload we address is real-time and involves inter-cloud processing and analysis of images and documents. In our production printing domain, dedicated processing/network resources are cost-prohibitive. Further, the problem is exacerbated by data intensive computing - we encounter huge file sizes atypical of intercloud parallel processing. To address these problems we propose three flavors of autonomic cloud-bursting schedulers that offer probabilistic guarantees on service levels required by customers (such as speed-up and queue sequence preservation) by adapting to changing workload characteristics, variation in bandwidth and available resources. In particular, these opportunistic schedulers use a quadratic response surface model for processing time in concert with a time-of-day dependent bandwidth predictor to increase the throughput and utilization while simultaneously reducing out-of-sequence completions for a document processing workload.
Safer Dual-Functional Gas Hydrate Dissolver and Inhibitor to Replace Methanol (2021)

In the presence of free water and under certain conditions of temperature and pressure, low-molecular-weight gases such as methane and ethane present in the fluid stream flowing in pipelines cause the formation of gas hydrate crystals. These gas hydrate crystals may accumulate and cause a partial or complete plugging of pipelines in the vertical or horizontal section. Methanol has been used in the industry as an effective gas hydrate dissolver and inhibitor, but its low flashpoint temperature makes it unsafe to be stored and pumped in large volumes. The objective of the current work is to develop a safer dissolver and inhibitor for gas hydrate plugs that form in pipelines. Methanol has a very low freezing point (−90 °C) and it is completely miscible with water, which can shift the hydrate phase equilibrium to lower temperatures. Solvent- and aqueous-based formulations were selected as alternatives to methanol, keeping in mind parameters such as higher flashpoint, miscibility with water, freezing point, viscosity, and local availability. The performance of these formulations was evaluated in a see-through gas hydrate reactor. Representative gas and water compositions were used in the experiments to form the gas hydrate inside the reactor. Hydrate formation was detected by the change in torque or by visual inspection through the see-through window of the reactor. Methanol was able to mobilize the hydrate plug when used at 10 vol %, while complete dissolution was achieved at 30 vol %. In comparison, the potassium formate saturated solution achieved complete dissolution of the hydrate plugs at 10 vol % in a lesser time compared to methanol. The tested formulations worked not only as a dissolver but also as an inhibitor to prevent the formation of hydrates once they are melted or dissolved. These formulations enable safer operations in the field and improve the performance when it comes to melting gas hydrate plugs.
Rate Enhanced Olefin Cross-Metathesis Reactions: The Copper Iodide Effect (2011)

Copper iodide has been shown to be an effective cocatalyst for the olefin cross-metathesis reaction. In particular, it has both a catalyst stabilizing effect due to iodide ion, as well as copper(I)-based phosphine-scavenging properties that apply to use of the Grubbs-2 catalyst. A variety of Michael acceptors and olefinic partners can be cross-coupled under mild conditions in refluxing diethyl ether that avoid chlorinated solvents. This effect has also been applied to chemistry in water at room temperature using the new surfactant TPGS-750-M.
Smart traffic light control system (2016)

Traffic light control systems are widely used to monitor and control the flow of automobiles through the junction of many roads. They aim to realize smooth motion of cars in the transportation routes. However, the synchronization of multiple traffic light systems at adjacent intersections is a complicated problem given the various parameters involved. Conventional systems do not handle variable flows approaching the junctions. In addition, the mutual interference between adjacent traffic light systems, the disparity of cars flow with time, the accidents, the passage of emergency vehicles, and the pedestrian crossing are not implemented in the existing traffic system. This leads to traffic jam and congestion. We propose a system based on PIC microcontroller that evaluates the traffic density using IR sensors and accomplishes dynamic timing slots with different levels. Moreover, a portable controller device is designed to solve the problem of emergency vehicles stuck in the overcrowded roads.
Investigation on two abnormal phenomena about thermal conductivity enhancement of BN/EG nanofluids (2011)

The thermal conductivity of boron nitride/ethylene glycol (BN/EG) nanofluids was investigated by transient hot-wire method and two abnormal phenomena was reported. One is the abnormal higher thermal conductivity enhancement for BN/EG nanofluids at very low-volume fraction of particles, and the other is the thermal conductivity enhancement of BN/EG nanofluids synthesized with large BN nanoparticles (140 nm) which is higher than that synthesized with small BN nanoparticles (70 nm). The chain-like loose aggregation of nanoparticles is responsible for the abnormal increment of thermal conductivity enhancement for the BN/EG nanofluids at very low particles volume fraction. And the difference in specific surface area and aspect ratio of BN nanoparticles may be the main reasons for the abnormal difference between thermal conductivity enhancements for BN/EG nanofluids prepared with 140- and 70-nm BN nanoparticles, respectively.
RBAC-SC: Role-Based Access Control Using Smart Contract (2018)

The role-based access control (RBAC) framework is a mechanism that describes the access control principle. As a common interaction, an organization provides a service to a user who owns a certain role that was issued by a different organization. Such trans-organizational RBAC is common in face-toface communication but not in a computer network, because it is difficult to establish both the security that prohibits the malicious impersonation of roles and the flexibility that allows small organizations to participate and users to fully control their own roles. In this paper, we present an RBAC using smart contract (RBAC-SC), a platform that makes use of Ethereum's smart contract technology to realize a trans organizational utilization of roles. Ethereum is an open blockchain platform that is designed to be secure, adaptable, and flexible. It pioneered smart contracts, which are decentralized applications that serve as “autonomous agents”running exactly as programmed and are deployed on a blockchain. The RBAC-SC uses smart contracts and blockchain technology as versatile infrastructures to represent the trust and endorsement relationship that are essential in the RBAC and to realize a challenge-response authentication protocol that verifies a user's ownership of roles. We describe the RBAC-SC framework, which is composed of two main parts, namely, the smart contract and the challenge-response protocol, and present a performance analysis. A prototype of the smart contract is created and deployed on Ethereum's Testnet blockchain, and the source code is publicly available.
Culture Clash Involving Intersex (2005)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Pediatric Urology1 Nov 2005Culture Clash Involving Intersex View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)68875-XAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Culture Clash Involving Intersex." The Journal of Urology, 174(5), p. 2011 © 2005FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 174Issue 5November 2005Page: 2011 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005MetricsAuthor Information Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Computer Networks As Social Networks (2001)

Computer networks are inherently social networks, linking people, organizations, and knowledge. They are social institutions that should not be studied in isolation but as integrated into everyday lives. The proliferation of computer networks has facilitated a deemphasis on group solidarities at work and in the community and afforded a turn to networked societies that are loosely bounded and sparsely knit. The Internet increases people's social capital, increasing contact with friends and relatives who live nearby and far away. New tools must be developed to help people navigate and find knowledge in complex, fragmented, networked societies.
A High-Throughput, Multiplexed Kinase Assay Using a Benchtop Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer To Investigate the Effect of Kinase Inhibitors on Kinase Signaling Pathways (2012)

Protein phosphorylation is an important and ubiquitous post-translational modification in eukaryotic biological systems. The KAYAK (Kinase ActivitY Assay for Kinome profiling) assay measures the phosphorylation rates of dozens of peptide substrates simultaneously, directly from cell lysates. Here, we simplified the assay by removing the phosphopeptide enrichment step, increasing throughput while maintaining similar data quality. We term this new method, direct-KAYAK, because kinase activities were measured directly from reaction mixtures after desalting. In addition, new peptides were included to profile additional kinase pathways and redundant substrate peptides were removed. Finally, the method is now performed in 96-well plate format using a benchtop orbitrap mass spectrometer and the Pinpoint software package for improved data analysis. We applied the new high-throughput method to measure IC(50) values for kinases involved in monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, a process important for inflammation and the immune response.
Entangled quantum communications and quantum imaging (2004)

Stochastic quantum key distribution using entanglement was explored through development and analysis of laboratory systems. We analyzed Heralded Stochastic Quantum Key Distribution (HSQKD), Entanglement Enhanced Quantum Key Distribution (EEQKD), Entangled Energy Quantum Key Distribution (EEnQKD) and Embedding Stochastic Quantum Key Distribution in Quantum Images.
Sensor and Data Fusion (2009)

Data fusion is a research area that is growing rapidly due to the fact that it provides means for combining pieces of information coming from different sources/sensors, resulting in ameliorated overall system performance (improved decision making, increased detection capabilities, diminished number of false alarms, improved reliability in various situations at hand) with respect to separate sensors/sources. Different data fusion methods have been developed in order to optimize the overall system output in a variety of applications for which data fusion might be useful: security (humanitarian, military), medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, remote sensing, robotics, etc.