gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PGS shows off electrical marine vibrator to capture ‘alternative’ seismic source market (2006)

One of the prize exhibits at the recent SEG annual meeting in Houston was the large, bright yellow, elliptical-shaped object standing on the Petroleum Geo-Services (PGS) booth. ‘The reaction was overwhelming,’ says Rune Tenghamn vice president, marine technology. The oversize exhibit was in fact the first public showing of a prototype electro-mechanical marine vibrator for seismic surveys that can produce energy penetration and frequency bandwidth comparable to a small airgun or dynamite charge. Tenghamn says that PGS is responding to a perceived demand from industry for an alternative source of energy for meeting very specific marine survey circumstances. Probably the most pressing of these involves environmentally sensitive areas where the disturbance of marine mammals is an issue with use of airguns deemed inappropriate. The other area of potential interest in the marine vibrator may be as a seabed source in permanent monitoring of reservoirs using seismic methods. ‘To date our main concern has been to demonstrate that the concept works and let everyone know,’ Tenghamn says. He began taking an interest in alternative seismic sources before he joined PGS, and in 1994 presented a paper at the EAGE Annual Conference in Paris on an electrical-type source. At PGS ideas formulated in the mid 1990s were realized in 1999 with a series of field trials of a marine vibrator and testing with a major oil company which ended in 2002. ‘Since then we haven’t really done very much with the technology, but believe that the time is now ripe to go public. We know there’s a lot of discussion about alternative sources and we hope that this will translate into a collaboration to turn our prototype into a commercial product. There are clear cost and operational advantages over any other option.’
Distinct Isoprenoid Origins of cis- and trans-Zeatin Biosyntheses in Arabidopsis (2004)

Plants produce the common isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) through the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway in plastids and the mevalonate (MVA) pathway in the cytosol. To assess which pathways contribute DMAPP for cytokinin biosynthesis, metabolites from each isoprenoid pathway were selectively labeled with (13)C in Arabidopsis seedlings. Efficient (13)C labeling was achieved by blocking the endogenous pathway genetically or chemically during the feed of a (13)C labeled precursor specific to the MEP or MVA pathways. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that the prenyl group of trans-zeatin (tZ) and isopentenyladenine is mainly produced through the MEP pathway. In comparison, a large fraction of the prenyl group of cis-zeatin (cZ) derivatives was provided by the MVA pathway. When expressed as fusion proteins with green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis cells, four adenosine phosphate-isopentenyltransferases (AtIPT1, AtIPT3, AtIPT5, and AtIPT8) were found in plastids, in agreement with the idea that the MEP pathway primarily provides DMAPP to tZ and isopentenyladenine. On the other hand, AtIPT2, a tRNA isopentenyltransferase, was detected in the cytosol. Because the prenylated adenine moiety of tRNA is usually of the cZ type, the formation of cZ in Arabidopsis seedlings might involve the transfer of DMAPP from the MVA pathway to tRNA. Distinct origins of large proportions of DMAPP for tZ and cZ biosynthesis suggest that plants are able to separately modulate the level of these cytokinin species.
The tractability of subsumption in frame-based description languages (1984)

A knowledge representation system provides an important ser-vice to the rest of a knowledge-based system: it computes au-tomatically a set of inferences over the beliefs encoded within it. Given that the knowledge-based system relies on these infer-ences in the midst of its operation (i.e., its diagnosis, planning, or whatever), their computational tractability is an important concern. Here we present evidence as to how the cost of comput-ing one kind of inference is directly related to the expressiveness of the representation language. As it turns out, this cost is per-ilously sensitive to small changes in the representation language. Even a seemingly simple frame-based description language can pose intractable computational obstacles. 1.
Ultrasonic underwater thruster (2004)

This paper describes a novel ultrasonic underwater thruster without any moving part. Our typical ultrasonic underwater thruster weighs only about 0.3 mN, but can produce 5.6 mN thrust, producing a thrust ratio of 19:1. The thruster moves forward by shooting out water jet stream backward through an acoustic streaming effect. To enhance the acoustic streaming effect, the self-focusing acoustic transducer (SFAT) is used. In this paper, two transducer structure designs and three electrode designs are described and compared.
A feedforward neural network for CMOS VLSI implementation (2003)

A feedforward neural network circuit model suitable for CMOS VLSI implementation is introduced. The model captures the principles of operation of artificial neural nets, and is suitable for analog all-MOS VLSI circuit implementations. Each unit consists of a control device and one operational amplifier which is implemented with two CMOS inverters in series. A control device is implemented with one n-MOS and one p-MOS transistors to model biasing. A single n-MOS transistor is used to connect the output of a unit of one layer to the input of the next layer. All the connection weights are set by applying analog signals to the gates of these transistors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the TICT Mechanism of 9,9′-Biaryl Compounds (1998)

The UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra for 9,9′-biacridinyl (BAC) and 9-(9′-acridyl)carbazole (C9AC) were recorded in approximately 50 different solvents. The analysis of the solvatochromic behaviour of the two chromophores, in terms of both polarity and polarizability (SPP), revealed that TICT emission in C9AC prevails only in solvents with SPP ≥ 0.63, while that in BAC predominates throughout the solvent range studied [from 2-methylbutane (SPP = 0.479) to DMSO (SPP = 1.0)]. The peculiar behaviour of BAC suggests that the chromophore requires no cooperation from the solvent to trigger its TICT mechanism. Various hypotheses usually employed in analysing the TICT mechanism of biaryl compounds, including model emissions used to deconvolute spectra, the variation of TICT emission with the difference in redox potential between the chromophores involved, etc., are discussed.
Anti‐mouse CD52 monoclonal antibody ameliorates intestinal epithelial barrier function in interleukin‐10 knockout mice with spontaneous chronic colitis (2014)

Intestinal inflammation causes tight junction changes and death of epithelial cells, and plays an important role in the development of Crohn's disease (CD). CD52 monoclonal antibody (CD52 mAb) directly targets the cell surface CD52 and is effective in depleting mature lymphocytes by cytolytic effects in vivo, leading to long-lasting changes in adaptive immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of CD52 mAb on epithelial barrier function in animal models of IBD. Interleukin-10 knockout mice (IL-10(-/-) ) of 16 weeks with established colitis were treated with CD52 mAb once a week for 2 weeks. Severity of colitis, CD4(+) lymphocytes and cytokines in the lamina propria, epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, morphology of tight junctions, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) mRNA expression, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) expression and activity, as well as epithelial apoptosis in proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. CD52 mAb treatment effectively attenuated colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) lymphocytes and interferon-γ/IL-17 responses in colonic mucosa in IL-10(-/-) mice. After CD52 mAb treatment, attenuation of colonic permeability, increased epithelial expression and correct localization of tight junction proteins (occludin and zona occludens protein-1), as well as ameliorated tight junction morphology were observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. CD52 mAb treatment also effectively suppressed the epithelial apoptosis, mucosa TNF-α mRNA expression, epithelial expression of long MLCK, TNFR2 and phosphorylation of MLC. Our results indicated that anti-CD52 therapy may inhibit TNF-α/TNFR2-mediated epithelial apoptosis and MLCK-dependent tight junction permeability by depleting activated T cells in the gut mucosa.
Apoptotic activity in stored human platelets (2003)

Platelet mitochondria maintain Deltapsim when stored for up to 7 days under standard blood bank storage conditions. Therefore, changes in platelet mitochondria Deltapsim do not correlate with downstream markers of apoptotic death such as caspase activation and PS exposure.
Neural activity in areas V1, V2 and V4 during free viewing of natural scenes compared to controlled viewing (1998)

Under natural viewing conditions primates make frequent exploratory eye movements across complex scenes. We recorded neural activity of 62 cells in visual areas V1, V2 and V4 in an awake behaving monkey that freely viewed natural images. About half of the cells studied showed a modulation in firing rate following some of the eye movements made during free viewing, though the proportions showing a discernible modulation varied across areas. These cells were also examined under controlled viewing conditions in which gratings or natural image patches were flashed in and around the classical receptive field while the animal performed a fixation task. Activity rates were generally highest with flashed gratings and lowest during free viewing. Flashed natural image patches evoked responses between these two extremes, and the responses were higher when the patches were confined to the classical receptive field than when they extended into the non-classical surround. Thus the reduction of activity during free viewing relative to that obtained with flashed gratings is partly attributable to natural images being less effective stimuli and partly to suppressive spatio-temporal neural mechanisms that are important during natural vision.
A simple inductive synthesis methodology and its applications (2010)

Given a high-level specification and a low-level programming language, our goal is to automatically synthesize an efficient program that meets the specification. In this paper, we present a new algorithmic methodology for inductive synthesis that allows us to do this.
Dynamik der Fristenstruktur der impliziten Volatilitäten (1999)

Using a principal component analysis we investigate the dynamic relations within the term structure of volatilities implied in options on the Swiss Market Index (SMI). It is shown that approximately 99% of the over-all variation of the term structure can be explained by three independent state variables. The first among them describing a level-effect, the second a twist of the term structure and the third influencing its curvature. We demonstrate that risk management concepts and regulations that build primarily on parallel shifts of the term structure of implied volatilities end up with essentially useless results. Using a case study of a book of vega-risks we demonstrate how dramatic these distortions may be if the true correlations within the term structure are neglected. These insights have important regulatory consequences.
Effect of formaldehyde on the expression of adhesion molecules in nasal microvascular endothelial cells: the role of formaldehyde in the pathogenesis of sick building syndrome (2002)

These in vitro studies suggest that formaldehyde may play a role as the irritant of the nasal mucosa by increasing the expressions of adhesion molecules on HMMECs and by enhancing the adhesiveness between HMMECs and eosinophils.
A Review of Virtual Reality as a Medium for Safety Related Training in Mining (2011)

<b>Free to read on publisher website</b> A common problem for high risk industries such as mining is how to provide effective safety related training. Virtual reality simulation offers the opportunity to develop perceptual expertise, perceptuo-motor skills, and cognitive skills such as problem-solving, and decision-making under stress, without exposing trainees or others to unacceptable risks. This review examines the evidence for the effectiveness of virtual reality as a medium for safety related training in mining. Evidence exists to demonstrate the effectiveness of virtual reality as a medium for safety related training in a range of other industries (e.g. training perceptuo-motor skills of pilots, surgeons, and drivers of a range of vehicles; maintenance inspection tasks; spatial awareness for specific locations; and improved decision making under stress). However, no satisfactory systematic evaluation of performance changes, or transfer of learning, has been undertaken in mining contexts, with almost all previous evaluations restricted to usability of the simulation and subjective trainee responses. Where performance changes as a consequence of training have been assessed, the evaluations have utilized poor evaluation designs, and very small numbers of trainees. A large scale, systematic, evaluation of the outcomes of safety related training via virtual mining environments is required to inform future practice.
Random testing with partial circuit duplication and monitoring I/sub DDQ/ (2002)

The advantage of random testing is that test application can be performed at a low cost in the BIST scheme. However, not all circuits are random pattern testable. In this paper, we present a method for improving random pattern testability of logic circuits by partial circuit duplication. The basic idea is to detect random pattern resistant faults by using the difference between the duplicated part of a circuit and the original part and detect the difference by monitoring I/sub DDQ/. Experimental results on benchmark circuits show that high fault coverage can be achieved with a very small amount of hardware overhead.
Activation of caspase-3-like enzymes in non-apoptotic T cells (1998)

The activation of the caspase family of cysteine proteases is a key step in the implementation of apoptotic cell death leading to further downstream effects such as DNA fragmentation. In cultured tumor cells, caspase activity appears only when cells are undergoing apoptosis. Here we show that human and murine T lymphocytes acquire high intracellular activities of cell death-specific caspases upon activation by mitogens and IL-2 without evidence that apoptosis is proceeding. The highest activity is seen when cells are mitogen activated for 3 days. On a per cell basis, caspase activity in activated T cells is much higher than in tumor cells induced to undergo apoptosis. In the presence of exogenously added IL-2 cells stay alive and maintain a high level of caspase activity while IL-2 withdrawal results in cell death and decline of caspase activity. Caspase activity can also be measured in extracts from spleen and lymph nodes from mice injected with superantigen. While in tumor cell lines caspase activity correlates with cleavage of poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) and DNA fragmentation, in activated T cells cleavage products of cellular PARP can be detected whereas DNA fragmenting activity appears only upon IL-2 withdrawal which coincides with cell death. These data show that caspase activation in intact cells does not necessarily lead to cell death and argue for a checkpoint in the apoptotic pathway downstream of caspases. Furthermore, they provide a molecular correlate for the high susceptibility of activated T cells for apoptosis.
The in vivo localization of porphyrins. (1970)

A series of porphyrins with varying side chains was synthesized and tested in the rat for hard and soft tissue binding and photosensitization. It was found that for combination with either type of tissue there was a requirement for groups capable of ionic or hydrogen bonding at more than one edge of the tetrapyrrole nucleus. Thus binding to keratin, collagen and growing bone occurred with purified haematopophyrin, commercial “haematoporphyrin” and haematoporphyrin “derivative”. Little or no binding with these tissues occurred with deuteroporphyrin, deuteroporphyrin dimethyl ester disulphonic acid, haematoporphyrin dimethylether and unexpectedly, porphyrin c and N,N′-diacetyl porphyrin c. Incorporation of iron into the last two named is thought to account for their apparent lack of binding. In the case of growing bone, the same pattern was apparent with the exception that porphyrin c and N,N′-diacetyl porphyrin c were very strong labels. Combination to bone was with the organic rather than with the inorganic component. All soluble porphyrins tested induced a potential photosensitivity on intraperitoneal injection. Using intravenous colloidal carbon as an indicator of an increase in vascular permeability, the photoresponse following excitation with sunlight, mercury vapour lamp or carbon arc was found to be biphasic, with the delayed response altered by dosage and binding ability of porphyrins, and the amount of light absorbed.
Reflective Middleware: From Your Desk to Your Hand (2001)

Middleware has emerged as an important architectural component in modern distributedsystems. Its role is to offer users a high-level, platform-independent programming model(object-oriented or component-based) and to hide problems of distribution. Examples of keymiddleware platforms include CORBA, DCOM, .NET, and the Java-based series of technologies (RMI, Jini, and EJB).
Optimal use of ionospheric corrections for wide area augmentation system (WAAS) users [GPS] (2002)

With the continuous development of the wide area augmentation system (WAAS), integrity and availability become the paramount challenges for an operational WAAS and its applications. Although recent research has demonstrated the superior performance of the WAAS system under normal conditions, unknown ionospheric irregularities and fast spatial decorrelation might cause the greatest uncertainty and impacts on the availability and continuity of the WAAS system. In this paper, current WAAS ionospheric availability threats and user algorithm limitations are investigated in detail. An optimal ionospheric correction (OPIC) generation algorithm, which combines user local observables and WABS ionospheric corrections in an optimal way, could effectively improve user positioning availability and continuity without sacrificing integrity. Furthermore, independent integrity monitoring for WAAS corrections could become practical using single-frequency receivers when augmented with this scheme, The significance of the OPIC framework are verified by live data from the National Satellite Test Bed (NSTB) network.
Composite Device Computing Environment: A Framework for Augmenting the PDA Using Surrounding Resources (2000)

INTRODUCTION The World Wide Web (WWW) continues to enjoy phenomenal growth with the promise of facilitating a digital society. Technology continues to evolve, allowing an increasingly peripatetic society to remain “connected” without any reliance upon wires. As a consequence, mobile computing is a growth area and the focus of much energy. Mobile computing heralds exciting new applications and services for information access, communication and collaboration across a diverse range of environments.
Development of Isothermal TaqMan Assays for Detection of Biothreat Organisms (2008)

TaqMan probe (dual-labeled DNA probe)-based real-time detection, one of the most sensitive and specific fluorescent detection methods, has been widely utilized in conjunction with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Helicase-dependent amplification (HDA) is an isothermal amplification technology that has a similar reaction scheme to PCR, but replaces thermocycling with a helicase capable of unwinding a DNA duplex. Here we describe a novel isothermal real-time detection method (HDA-TaqMan) that combines the advantages of both HDA and a TaqMan assay. In this assay, the reactions of DNA unwinding, primer annealing, polymerization, probe hybridization, and subsequent hydrolysis by the polymerase are coordinated and synchronized to perform at a single temperature. It not only provides a useful tool for real-time detection of HDA, but also provides an isothermal format for the TaqMan system. With this platform, we have successfully developed rapid real-time isothermal assays for biodefense targets that include Vibrio cholerae and Bacillus anthracis.
Two-pole analysis of interconnection trees (2002)

We address the two-pole simulation of interconnect trees via the moment matching technique. We simulate the interconnect network by modeling the distributed lines with non-uniform m lumped segments and using the two-pole methodology. To this end, we derive new non-uniform equivalent circuits which match the general distributed line transfer function up to the second term. Using the recursive equation for the admittance of a tree, we give the exact expressions for the first and second moments of the transfer function of the interconnect tree. Our results show that delay estimates using our method are within 13% of SPICE-computed delays. As routing trees become bigger and interconnection lines become longer, e.g., in MCM design, our approach has advantages in both accuracy and simulation complexity.
Peptides based on the complementarity-determining regions of a pathogenic autoantibody mitigate lupus manifestations of (NZB x NZW)F1 mice via active suppression (2003)

Two peptides based on the complementarity-determining regions (CDR) 1 and 3 (pCDR1 and pCDR3) of a murine monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibody that expresses the common idiotype 16/6Id were shown to down-regulate systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-associated T cell responses and to prevent the development of clinical symptoms in the SLE-prone mice, (NZB x NZW)F(1). In the present study the ability of the CDR-based peptides to treat an already established disease was tested. Mice were given 10 weekly injections of peptides either i.v. or s.c. The treatment led to a moderate reduction in the anti-DNA autoantibody titer, and a significant decrease in proteinuria and kidney pathology. The CDR-based peptides affected the pathogenic isotypes (IgG2a and IgG3) of the anti-DNA antibodies in the serum and in immune complexes in the kidneys. Both peptides mitigated disease manifestations and prolonged the survival of mice that were treated starting at the age of 7 months when full-blown disease was already developed. Furthermore, some beneficial effects of treatment with the CDR-based peptides could be adoptively transferred to diseased recipients. A reduction in the secretion of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 was detected in supernatants of splenocytes of the treated mice. In contrast, treatment up-regulated the immunosuppresive cytokine-transforming growth factor-beta. Thus the ameliorating effect of the CDR-based peptides on SLE manifestations is at least partially via the immunomodulation of the cytokine profile.