gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Characteristics of the Diverging Taper Honeycomb-Stator Seal (2004)

This paper introduces a variant on the honeycomb-stator seal, which can extend the already strong stabilizing influence of this seal geometry for centrifugal compressors. The paper presents predicted and measured dynamic characteristics, demonstrating how a clearance, which diverges axially from inlet to outlet, increases the maximum effective damping of a honeycomb-stator seal, even though the average clearance is increased. The results also show a strong negative direct stiffness at zero and low frequency for this seal geometry (termed the “Diverging Taper Honeycomb Seal (DTHCS)”). The predictions are made with ISOTSEAL, software developed at The Texas A&M Turbomachinery Laboratory. The test data, also obtained at the Turbomachinery Laboratory, confirms the nature and magnitude of both these dynamic characteristics with close fidelity. However, measured leakage falls significantly below predicted leakage. The frequency dependence of the seal dynamic characteristics and the strong negative static stiffness require careful attention in rotor dynamics analysis.
Characteristics of soft x-ray emission from a plasma formed by moderate-intensity laser irradiation of a target (1979)

Results are presented of investigations of the characteristics of the soft x-ray emission from a plasma formed using lasers having parameters similar to those available commercially. An investigation was made of the dependences of the soft x-ray emission characteristics on the laser power, atomic number of the target, target configuration, diameter of the laser radiation focusing spot on the target, and laser radiation wavelength. A method of measuring the electron temperature of a laser plasma is proposed.
Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in preoperative biopsy specimens correlates with disease recurrence in patients with early gastric carcinoma (1999)

The results of the current study show that VEGF expression may be a useful prognostic factor for patients with early gastric carcinoma.
Region‐specific gastrointestinal <i>Hox</i> code during murine embryonal gut development (2002)

Hox genes encode transcription factors, and they are involved in the specification of each body part along the anteroposterior (AP) body axis during embryogenesis. To clarify AP pattern formation of the digestive tract, the expression patterns of Hox genes belonging to paralogous groups 4 and 5, and parts of groups 6 and 7, were systematically examined by whole-mount and section in situ hybridization. The Hox gene expression pattern of paralogous groups 4-9 in the developing gut at 12.5 days post-coitum was fully examined. All HoxA and HoxB genes in paralogous groups 4-8 were expressed in the stomach, in contrast to the HoxC and HoxD genes. In the midgut region, all Hox cluster genes showed colinear expression within each cluster, yielding the Hox code; the more 3' located genes were expressed more rostrally and the 5' group genes more caudally. The colinear expression of HoxA and HoxB cluster genes started from the duodenum, that of HoxC cluster genes started from the jejunum, and HoxD cluster genes were expressed in the caudal part of the midgut, ileum and cecum. In the hindgut region, HoxD cluster genes and Abd-B family genes were expressed. Thus, a different Hox code seems to exist in each subdomain of developing gut (foregut, midgut and hindgut). The visceral mesoderm restricted expression also suggested that the Hox code primarily functions in mesenchymal specification, and then leads to the regional differentiation of gut subdomains as the result of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
Microencapsulation for the Therapeutic Delivery of Drugs, Live Mammalian and Bacterial Cells, and Other Biopharmaceutics: Current Status and Future Directions (2012)

Microencapsulation is a technology that has shown significant promise in biotherapeutics, and other applications. It has been proven useful in the immobilization of drugs, live mammalian and bacterial cells and other cells, and other biopharmaceutics molecules, as it can provide material structuration, protection of the enclosed product, and controlled release of the encapsulated contents, all of which can ensure efficient and safe therapeutic effects. This paper is a comprehensive review of microencapsulation and its latest developments in the field. It provides a comprehensive overview of the technology and primary goals of microencapsulation and discusses various processes and techniques involved in microencapsulation including physical, chemical, physicochemical, and other methods involved. It also summarizes the state-of-the-art successes of microencapsulation, specifically with regard to the encapsulation of microorganisms, mammalian cells, drugs, and other biopharmaceutics in various diseases. The limitations and future directions of microencapsulation technologies are also discussed.
Progression of kyphosis in <i>mdx</i> mice (2004)

Spinal deformity in the form of kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis occurs in most patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal X-linked disorder caused by an absence of the subsarcolemmal protein dystrophin. Mdx mice, which also lack dystrophin, show thoracolumbar kyphosis that progresses with age. We hypothesize that paraspinal and respiratory muscle weakness and fibrosis are associated with the progression of spinal deformity in this mouse model, and similar to DMD patients there is evidence of altered thoracic conformation and area. We measured kyphosis in mdx and age-matched control mice by monthly radiographs and the application of a novel radiographic index, the kyphotic index, similar to that used in boys with DMD. Kyphotic index became significantly less in mdx at 9 mo of age (3.58 +/- 0.12 compared with 4.27 +/- 0.04 in the control strain; P < or = 0.01), indicating more severe kyphosis, and remained less from 10 to 17 mo of age. Thoracic area in 17-mo-old mdx was reduced by 14% compared with control mice (P < or = 0.05). Peak tetanic tension was significantly lower in mdx and fell 47% in old mdx latissimus dorsi muscles, 44% in intercostal strips, and 73% in diaphragm strips (P < or = 0.05). Fibrosis of these muscles and the longissimus dorsi, measured by hydroxyproline analysis and histological grading of picrosirius red-stained sections, was greater in mdx (P < 0.05). We conclude that kyphotic index is a useful measure in mdx and other kyphotic mouse strains, and assessment of paralumbar and accessory respiratory muscles enhance understanding of spinal deformity in muscular dystrophy.
Design and synthesis of Cu6Sn5-coated TiO2 nanotube arrays as anode material for lithium ion batteries (2011)

Cu6Sn5-coated TiO2 nanotube arrays, a novel design for an anode material in lithium ion batteries, were prepared by electroless plating techniques. In this design, a Cu6Sn5 layer was coated on to the inner wall surface of TiO2 nanotubes. The hollow structure of the nanotubes was still retained, although the inner diameter of the nanotubes decreased from 100 nm to 50 nm. The as-prepared Cu6Sn5-coated TiO2 nanotube arrays combine the merits of the high specific capacity of tin and the structural stability of TiO2 nanotubes. The nanotubular structure allows both facile strain relaxation of tin and rapid mass transport, leading to greatly enhanced electrochemical performance in terms of specific capacity, cycle life and rate capability.
Rapid and simple method for preparation of genomic DNA from easily obtainable clotted blood. (1994)

A method was developed for the preparation of genomic DNA from clotted blood that is usually discarded after extraction, for other laboratory tests. The method, which involves proteinase K digestion, salt/chloroform extraction and 90% ethanol precipitation of DNA from clotted blood, is rapid, simple, and easy because it does not impose an extra burden on the patient.
The assessment and management of low back pain: a critical review (1993)

Abstract Abstract Missing 105.
Goodpasture Disease (1999)

Goodpasture disease is a prototype autoimmune disease characterized by the formation of autoantibodies against the heterotrimeric basement membrane collagen type IV, which causes a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The pathogenic antibody response is directed to the non-collagenous (NC1) domain of the alpha3 chain of type IV collagen (alpha3(IV)NC1), but not to the homologous region of the alpha1(IV)NC1. To identify the conformation-dependent immunodominant epitope on the alpha3(IV)NC1, a variety of recombinant NC1 domains were constructed by replacing single residues of alpha3(IV) with the corresponding amino acids from the nonreactive alpha1(IV) chain. Replacement mutations were identified that completely destroyed the Goodpasture epitope in the alpha3(IV) chain. Based on the identification of these critical positions, the epitope was finally reconstructed within the frame of the alpha1(IV) chain. The substitution of nine discontinuous positions in the alpha1(IV)NC1 with amino acid residues from the alpha3 chain resulted in a recombinant construct that was recognized by all patients' sera (n = 20) but by none of the sera from healthy controls (n = 10). This provides, for the first time, the molecular characterization of a single immunodominant conformational epitope recognized by pathogenic autoantibodies in a human autoimmune disease, representing the basis for the development of new epitope-specific strategies in the treatment of Goodpasture disease.
Stocking strategies for production of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in amended freshwater in inland ponds (2007)

The performance of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) under various stocking strategies was evaluated in earthen ponds filled with freshwater amended with major ions. Six 0.1-ha earthen ponds located in Pine Bluff, AR, USA, were filled with freshwater in 2003 and 2004, and potassium magnesium sulphate added to provide 50 mg K+ L−1 and stock salt added to provide 0.5 g L−1 salinity. In 2003, three ponds either were stocked with PL15 shrimp (39 PL m−2) for 125 days of grow out or with PL25 shrimp for 55 days (23 PL m−2) followed by a 65-day (28 PL m−2) grow-out period. In 2004, ponds were stocked with 7, 13 or 30 PL15 m−2 for 134 days of grow out. Salinity averaged 0.7 g L−1 during both years, and concentration of SO4−2, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ was higher, and Na+ and Cl− was lower in amended pond water than in seawater at 0.7 g L−1 salinity. Potassium concentration in amended water was 52–61% of the target concentration. Shrimp yields ranged from 3449 kg ha−1 in 2003 to 4966 kg ha−1 in 2004 in ponds stocked with 30–39 PL15 m−2 for a 125–134-day culture period. At harvest, mean individual weight ranged from 17.1 to 19.3 g shrimp−1. In ponds stocked with PL25 shrimp, yields averaged 988 and 2462 kg ha−1 for the 1st and 2nd grow-out periods respectively. Gross shrimp yield in 2004 increased linearly from 1379–4966 kg ha−1 with increased stocking rate. These experiments demonstrated that L. vannamei can be grown successfully in freshwater supplemented with major ions to a final salinity of 0.7 g L−1.
Thermolysis of <i>N</i>‐allylic 1,2,4‐triazoles (1997)

Abstract A number of 4‐allylic substituted 3,5‐diphenyl‐4 H ‐1,2,4‐triazoles were thermolyzed at 315–320° in evacuated glass ampoules. The main reaction in the melt was rearrangement to the corresponding 1‐substituted triazoles, which appeared to proceed via competing S N 2 and S N 2′ mechanisms. The allylic systems were observed to undergo [2,3]‐allyl walk reactions between the 1‐ and 2‐ring positions. Allyl to vinyl isomerization also took place. Substitution of the allylic moiety increased the rate of reaction but decreased the rate of isomerization of allylic to the vinylic substituted triazoles. The 4‐vinyl substituted triazoles were inert under the reaction conditions. Some triazoles were converted into substituted pyridines. This was proposed to proceed via nitrogen extrusion and formation of a 1,3‐dipolar intermediate (nitrile ylide) which added intramolecularly to the allyl moiety and subsequently aromatized to the pyridine.
Environmentally friendly catalysis using supported reagents: catalytic epoxidation using a chemically modified silica gel (1996)

A. J. Butterworth, J. H. Clark, P. H. Walton and S. J. Barlow, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1859 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960001859
Technoeconomic Modeling of Plant-Based Griffithsin Manufacturing (2018)

Griffithsin is a marine algal lectin that exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity by binding oligomannose glycans on viral envelope glycoproteins, including those found in HIV-1, HSV-2, SARS, HCV and other enveloped viruses. An efficient, scalable and cost-effective manufacturing process for Griffithsin is essential for the adoption of this drug in human antiviral prophylaxis and therapy, particularly in cost-sensitive indications such as topical microbicides for HIV-1 prevention. The production of certain classes of recombinant biologics in plants can offer scalability, cost and environmental impact advantages over traditional biomanufacturing platforms. Previously, we showed the technical viability of producing recombinant Griffithsin in plants. In this study, we conducted a technoeconomic analysis (TEA) of plant-produced Griffithsin manufactured at commercial launch volumes for use in HIV microbicides. Data derived from multiple non-sequential manufacturing batches conducted at pilot scale and existing facility designs were used to build a technoeconomic model using SuperPro Designer<sup>®</sup> modeling software. With an assumed commercial launch volume of 20 kg Griffithsin/year for 6.7 million doses of Griffithsin microbicide at 3 mg/dose, a transient vector expression yield of 0.52 g Griffithsin/kg leaf biomass, recovery efficiency of 70%, and purity of >99%, we calculated a manufacturing cost for the drug substance of $0.32/dose and estimated a bulk product cost of $0.38/dose assuming a 20% net fee for a contract manufacturing organization (CMO). This is the first report modeling the manufacturing economics of Griffithsin. The process analyzed is readily scalable and subject to efficiency improvements and could provide the needed market volumes of the lectin within an acceptable range of costs, even for cost-constrained products such as microbicides. The manufacturing process was also assessed for environmental, health and safety impact and found to have a highly favorable environmental output index with negligible risks to health and safety. The results of this study help validate the plant-based manufacturing platform and should assist in selecting preferred indications for Griffithsin as a novel drug.
SRC: Listening, discussing, acting (2013)

Lowther Hall Anglican Grammar aims to ensure that each girl understands her world and her capacity to shape it. It has been my aim also, to demonstrate this quality within the Student Representative Council (SRC). Throughout the year, Lowther Hall's SRC has been able to grow and develop in a way the sees effective change undertaken at our school. We have been lucky enough to be involved in the process of introducing new initiatives and taking part in contributing ideas to ongoing school projects.
Helminth Cysteine Proteases Inhibit TRIF-dependent Activation of Macrophages via Degradation of TLR3 (2009)

Helminth pathogens prepare a Th2 type immunological environment in their hosts to ensure their longevity. They achieve this by secreting molecules that not only actively drive type 2 responses but also suppress type 1 responses. Here, we show that the major cysteine proteases secreted from the helminth pathogens Fasciola hepatica (FheCL1) and Schistosoma mansoni (SmCB1) protect mice from the lethal effects of lipopolysaccharide by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-12, from macrophages. The proteases specifically block the MyD88-independent TRIF-dependent signaling pathway of Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and TLR3. Microscopical and flow cytometric studies, however, show that alteration of macrophage function by cysteine protease is not mediated by cleavage of components of the TLR4 complex on the cell surface but occurs by degradation of TLR3 within the endosome. This is the first study to describe a parasite molecule that degrades this receptor and pinpoints a novel mechanism by which helminth parasites modulate the innate immune responses of their hosts to suppress the development of Th1 responses.
Multibit Memory Using Self‐Assembly of Mixed Ferrocene/Porphyrin Monolayers on Silicon (2004)

An alternative strategy for achieving multi‐bit functionality , which uses mixed self‐assembled monolayers of a benzyl alcohol‐tethered ferrocene (Fc‐BzOH) and a benzyl alcohol‐tethered porphyrin (Por‐BzOH) on silicon surfaces to achieve a four‐state (2‐bit) memory element, is presented. The four states include the neutral state and three distinct cationic states obtained upon oxidation of Fc‐BzOH (monopositive) and Por‐BzOH (monopositive, dipositive) molecules. Conventional cyclic voltammetry, capacitance, and conductance methods have been used to characterize the mixed monolayer.
Protective Effect of the Bispiperazinedione ICRF-187 against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Women with Advanced Breast Cancer (1988)

Studies in animals suggest that the bispiperazinedione ICRF-187 can prevent the development of dose-related doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity. In a randomized trial in 92 women with advanced breast cancer, we compared treatment with fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FDC), given every 21 days, with the same regimen preceded by administration of ICRF-187 (FDC + ICRF-187). Patients were withdrawn from the study when cardiac toxicity developed or the cancer progressed. The mean cumulative dose of doxorubicin tolerated by patients withdrawn from study was 397.2 mg per square meter of body-surface area in the FDC group and 466.3 mg in the FDC + ICRF-187 group (no significant difference). Eleven patients on the FDC + ICRF-187 arm received cumulative doxorubicin doses above 600 mg per square meter, whereas one receiving FDC was able to remain in the study beyond this dose. Antitumor response rates were similar (FDC vs. FDC + ICRF-187, 3 vs. 4 complete responses; 17 vs. 17 partial responses; and 9.3 vs. 10.3 months to disease progression). Although myelosuppression was slightly greater in the FDC + ICRF-187 group, the incidence of fever, infections, alopecia, nausea and vomiting, or death due to toxicity did not differ between the groups. Cardiac toxicity was evaluated by clinical examination, determination of the left ventricular ejection fraction by multigated nuclear scans, and endomyocardial biopsy. In comparisons of the FDC group with the FDC + ICRF-187 group, clinical congestive heart failure was observed in 11 as compared with 2 patients; the mean decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction was 7 vs. 1 percent when the cumulative dose of doxorubicin was 250 to 399 mg per square meter (P = 0.02), 16 vs. 1 percent at 400 to 499 mg (P = 0.001), and 16 vs. 3 percent at 500 to 599 mg (P = 0.003); and the Billingham biopsy score was 2 or more in 5 of 13 patients undergoing biopsy vs. none of 13 (P = 0.03). We conclude that ICRF-187 offers significant protection against cardiac toxicity caused by doxorubicin, without affecting the antitumor effect of doxorubicin or the incidence of noncardiac toxic reactions.
SHORT NOTICES (1978)

Journal Article SHORT NOTICES Get access Introduction to the Old Testament: From its origins to the closing of the Alexandrian canon. By J. ALBERTO SOGGIN. Translator JOHN BOWDEN. Pp. xxxii+510. (Old Testament Library.) London: S.C.M. Press, 1976. £9.50. JAMES BARR JAMES BARR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume XXIX, Issue 1, April 1978, Pages 308-a–308, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/XXIX.1.308-a Published: 01 April 1978
Molecular basis of antibiotic multiresistance transfer in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2013)

Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections pose a significant threat to human health. Antibiotic resistance is most commonly propagated by conjugative plasmids like pLW1043, the first vancomycin-resistant S. aureus vector identified in humans. We present the molecular basis for resistance transmission by the nicking enzyme in S. aureus (NES), which is essential for conjugative transfer. NES initiates and terminates the transfer of plasmids that variously confer resistance to a range of drugs, including vancomycin, gentamicin, and mupirocin. The NES N-terminal relaxase-DNA complex crystal structure reveals unique protein-DNA contacts essential in vitro and for conjugation in S. aureus. Using this structural information, we designed a DNA minor groove-targeted polyamide that inhibits NES with low micromolar efficacy. The crystal structure of the 341-residue C-terminal region outlines a unique architecture; in vitro and cell-based studies further establish that it is essential for conjugation and regulates the activity of the N-terminal relaxase. This conclusion is supported by a small-angle X-ray scattering structure of a full-length, 665-residue NES-DNA complex. Together, these data reveal the structural basis for antibiotic multiresistance acquisition by S. aureus and suggest novel strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Spur-reduced digital sinusoid synthesis (1995)

This paper presents and analyzes a technique for reducing the spurious signal content in digital sinusoid synthesis. Spur reduction is accomplished through dithering amplitude and phase values prior to wordlength reduction. The analytical approach developed for analog quantization is used to produce new bounds on spur performance in these dithered systems. Amplitude dithering allows output wordlength reduction without introducing additional spurs. Effects of periodic dither similar to that produced by a pseudo-noise (PN) generator are analyzed. This phase dithering method provides a spur reduction of 6(M+1) dB per phase bit when the dither consists of M uniform variates. While the spur reduction is at the expense of an increase in system noise, the noise can be made white, making the noise power spectral density small. This technique permits the use of a smaller number of phase bits addressing sinusoid look-up tables, resulting in an exponential decrease in system complexity. Amplitude dithering allows the use of less complicated multipliers and narrower data paths in purely digital applications, as well as the use of coarse-resolution, highly-linear digital-to-analog converters (DAC's) to obtain spur performance limited by the DAC linearity rather than its resolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Block, Drop or Roll(back): Alternative Preemption Methods for RH Multi-Tasking (2009)

Save and restore of context data is traditionally used in process preemption in multi-tasking operating systems. Multi-tasking, and by consequence, preemption, is key to effective CPU sharing. However, it is much more expensive to save and restore context data in reconfigurable hardware than it is in traditional software. The configuration and current state comprises a large amount of data, making the transfer a long and expensive operation. In this paper, we explore alternatives to the save and restore operation for hardware multi-tasking. We compare the system performance of three alternate policies for reconfigurable hardware kernel preemption in a multi-process system: block, drop and roll. The best-performing policy is able to achieve on average within 4% of the performance of an idealized, zero-overhead save and restore method on a mixed application workload.