gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Naphthenic Acids and Other Corrosivity-Related Characteristics in Crude Oil and Vacuum Gas Oils from a Mexican Refinery (2004)

To understand the relationship between total acid number and sulfur content, relative to corrosivity, a complete characterization of these parameters along the distillation curve of a desalted crude oil was performed. Naphthenic acid identification and a complete physical and chemical characterization of crude oil, light vacuum gas oil, and heavy vacuum gas oil samples are also presented. The results found in this work show that there is a relationship between total acid number and corrosivity in the distilled fractions of a sample of desalted crude. Sulfur content is not directly related to the corrosive properties of the same fractions. In addition, negative fast atom bombardment (FAB) ionic spectrums of the crude oil, light vacuum gas oil, and heavy vacuum gas oil show that a more-complex mixture of naphthenic acids may not be directly associated to the total acid number or corrosivity.
The effect of energy deprivation and hyperosmolarity upon tubular structures and electrophysiological parameters of muscle fibres. (1980)

The exhaustion of metabolically poisoned muscle fibres is accompanied by a one hundred-fold increase in potassium conductance. Under these conditions a normal membrane capacity was measured. Extracellular markers (lanthanum, ferritin) were traced in the transverse tubular system but not in the myoplasm or the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These results show that the structural integrity of surface and tubular membranes is fully maintained. The exhausted muscle can, therefore, be introduced as a suitable preparation for an analysis of the potassium channel, the alterations of ion concentrations in the restricted area of the T-system and other phenomena of physiological interest. Further experiments with extracellular markers dealt with the structure of the triads. Earlier measurements by other authors suggested a continuity between lumina of the T-system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum, at least after an exposure to hyperosmotic solutions. These results could not be confirmed.--In addition the distribution of fibre cross areas of sartorius muscle was analysed from cryosections.
Perspective view generation from digital map databases (1990)

The generation of perspective views of 3D surfaces obtained from predetermined view points is a complex and computationaly expensive task requiring the storage, manipulation and transformation of large amounts of data. At present there are a number of conventional algorithms which take digital surface data and process it to produce such images. Current algorithms are inherently sequential and do not, in general, map easily onto parallel processor architectures. This paper describes an algorithm which exploits the data independent nature of the calculations for individual pixel columns of the image and describes how this algorithm can be efficiently mapped onto an array of processors. Using an inherently parallel algorithm perspective views can be produced many times faster and therefore can be used for new applications.
Power Factor Correction of Direct Torque Controlled Brushless DC Motor Drive (2007)

In this paper, an algorithm for power factor correction (PFC) of direct torque control (DTC) brushless dc motor drive in the constant torque region is presented. The proposed DTC approach introduces a two-phase conduction mode as opposed to the conventional three-phase DTC drives. Unlike conventional six-step PWM current control, by properly selecting the inverter voltage space vectors of the two-phase conduction mode from a simple look-up table at a predefined sampling time, the desired quasi-square wave current is obtained. Therefore, a much faster torque response is achieved compared to conventional current control. Furthermore, to eliminate the low-frequency torque oscillations caused by the non-ideal trapezoidal shape of the actual back-EMF waveform of the BLDC motor, a pre-stored back-EMF versus position look-up table is designed. The duty cycle of the boost converter is determined by a control algorithm. This control algorithm is based on the input voltage, output voltage which is the dc-link of the BLDC motor drive, and the inductor current using the average current control method with input voltage feed-forward compensation during each sampling period of the drive system. A theoretical concept is developed and the validity and effectiveness of the proposed DTC of BLDC motor drive scheme with PFC are verified through the experimental results. The test results verify that the proposed PFC for DTC of BLDC motor drive improves the power factor from 0.77 to about 0.9997 irrespective of the load.
Microbial Infections, Immunomodulation, and Drugs of Abuse (2003)

The use of recreational drugs of abuse has generated serious health concerns. There is a long-recognized relationship between addictive drugs and increased levels of infections. Studies of the mechanisms of actions of these drugs became more urgent with the advent of AIDS and its correlation with abused substances. The nature and mechanisms of immunomodulation by marijuana, opiates, cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol are described in this review. Recent studies of the effects of opiates or marijuana on the immune system have demonstrated that they are receptor mediated, occurring both directly via specific receptors on immune cells and indirectly through similar receptors on cells of the nervous system. Findings are also discussed that demonstrate that cocaine and nicotine have similar immunomodulatory effects, which are also apparently receptor mediated. Finally, the nature and mechanisms of immunomodulation by alcohol are described. Although no specific alcohol receptors have been identified, it is widely recognized that alcohol enhances susceptibility to opportunistic microbes. The review covers recent studies of the effects of these drugs on immunity and on increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, including AIDS.
Donor pulmonary intravascular nonclassical monocytes recruit recipient neutrophils and mediate primary lung allograft dysfunction (2017)

Primary graft dysfunction is the predominant driver of mortality and graft loss after lung transplantation. Recruitment of neutrophils as a result of ischemia-reperfusion injury is thought to cause primary graft dysfunction; however, the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil influx into the injured lung are incompletely understood. We found that donor-derived intravascular nonclassical monocytes (NCMs) are retained in human and murine donor lungs used in transplantation and can be visualized at sites of endothelial injury after reperfusion. When NCMs in the donor lungs were depleted, either pharmacologically or genetically, neutrophil influx and lung graft injury were attenuated in both allogeneic and syngeneic models. Similar protection was observed when the patrolling function of donor NCMs was impaired by deletion of the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1. Unbiased transcriptomic profiling revealed up-regulation of MyD88 pathway genes and a key neutrophil chemoattractant, CXCL2, in donor-derived NCMs after reperfusion. Reconstitution of NCM-depleted donor lungs with wild-type but not MyD88-deficient NCMs rescued neutrophil migration. Donor NCMs, through MyD88 signaling, were responsible for CXCL2 production in the allograft and neutralization of CXCL2 attenuated neutrophil influx. These findings suggest that therapies to deplete or inhibit NCMs in donor lung might ameliorate primary graft dysfunction with minimal toxicity to the recipient.
Prevalence of impacted teeth in adult patients: A radiographic study (2019)

Aim: To determine the prevalence of impacted teeth in relation to angulation of impaction, sex, age and medical history. Methods: A retrospective study of panoramic radiographs of 2,008 patients was carried out. The investigation was done to relate the impaction to the angulation of tooth and patient's age, sex and medical history. Patients dental records were randomly selected by computerized selection and data collected and entered into a spreadsheet (Excel 2010; Microsoft) and analyzed. Results: Panoramic radiographs of 2,008 patients aged 22 to 60 years were examined. The prevalence of teeth impaction was 17.5%. A total of 248 patients presented with at least one impacted tooth. Four hundred and two impacted teeth found. Mandibular third molars were the most commonly encountered impactions 106. The mesial angulations was the most common pattern of impaction. Prevalence was higher among those less than 40 years compared to above 40 years (p
Fiber bandwidth measurement using pulse spectrum analysis (1986)

The pulse spectrum analysis (PSA) method of measuring fiber bandwidth has been suggested as an alternative to the frequency and time domain methods, but there is a paucity of information on the technique and very little data. In fact, we know of no measurement comparisons between the PSA method and the frequency and time domain methods. The PSA method has the advantage of being very simple and gives results that are consistent with the time domain and frequency domain methods. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) recommends the PSA method, but the Electronics Industries Association (EIA) of the U.S.A. takes no position in this regard. This paper gives results of an experiment which compared the three methods.
Mechanical force prolongs acute inflammation <i>via</i> T‐cell‐dependent pathways during scar formation (2011)

Mechanical force significantly modulates both inflammation and fibrosis, yet the fundamental mechanisms that regulate these interactions remain poorly understood. Here we performed microarray analysis to compare gene expression in mechanically loaded wounds vs. unloaded control wounds in an established murine hypertrophic scar (HTS) model. We identified 853 mechanically regulated genes (false discovery rate <2) at d 14 postinjury, a subset of which were enriched for T-cell-regulated pathways. To substantiate the role of T cells in scar mechanotransduction, we applied the HTS model to T-cell-deficient mice and wild-type mice. We found that scar formation in T-cell-deficient mice was reduced by almost 9-fold (P < 0.001) with attenuated epidermal (by 2.6-fold, P < 0.01) and dermal (3.9-fold, P < 0.05) proliferation. Mechanical stimulation was highly associated with sustained T-cell-dependent Th2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-13) and chemokine (MCP-1) signaling. Further, T-cell-deficient mice failed to recruit systemic inflammatory cells such as macrophages or monocytic fibroblast precursors in response to mechanical loading. These findings indicate that T-cell-regulated fibrogenic pathways are highly mechanoresponsive and suggest that mechanical forces induce a chronic-like inflammatory state through immune-dependent activation of both local and systemic cell populations.
Small incision corneal refractive surgery using the small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism: results of a 6 month prospective study (2010)

SMILE is a promising new flapless minimally invasive refractive procedure to correct myopia.
Incremental Learning Algorithm for Support Vector Data Description (2011)

Support vector data description (SVDD) has become a very attractive kernel method due to its good results in many novelty detection problems.Training SVDD involves solving a constrained convex quadratic programming,which requires large memory and enormous amounts of training time for large-scale data set.In this paper,we analyze the possible changes of support vector set after new samples are added to training set according to the relationship between the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions of SVDD and the distribution of the training samples.Based on the analysis result,a novel algorithm for SVDD incremental learning is proposed.In this algorithm,the useless sample is discarded and useful information in training samples is accumulated.Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A high performance GeO (2005)

A new type of GeO2/SiO2 NZ-DSF with an attenuation loss of 0.174 dB/km, a dispersion slope of ~0.06 ps/nm2/km and an Aeff of ~70 μm2 at 1.55 μm have successfully been developed. Holey fiber designs offering reduced dispersion slopes for similar Aeffs are also reported. (2 pages)
Role of basic fibroblast growth factor in the suppression of apoptotic caspase-3 during chronic gastric ulcer healing. (1998)

Taken together, these results provide strong indications that the initial phase of ulcer healing involves the inhibition of apoptotic caspase activities by a signaling events initiated by bFGF-receptor activation and propagated by the regulatory kinases that propel the cell cycle progression. Our findings also point towards participation of cNOS in the suppression of proapoptotic activities in gastric mucosa.
Bleeding after Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1986)

Patients who undergo heart surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass with a pump oxygenator are at substantial risk of serious postoperative bleeding; they often require blood-component therapy, although reoperation for bleeding is necessary for only about 1 in 20 patients. The excessive bleeding is related to both the surgical damage to blood vessels and acquired acute defects in hemostasis.1 2 3 The hemorrhagic diathesis produced by cardiopulmonary bypass has been difficult to characterize because of the complexity of the hemostatic process, the technical variations in the operative procedures, and the many uncontrolled physiologic variables associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. These variables include the effects of . . .
Nanometer-Scale Investigations into Oil-Rich Chalk Formations (2015)

Core samples from two different depths of a carbonate oil field have been investigated using optical and electron microscopy, elemental mapping, and atomic force microscopy. The sample from the greater depth displays a striking magnetic response, a greater compaction and cementation of coccoliths, and an oily film on all surfaces, whereas the sample from higher up shows no magnetic response, no oily film, and less well-developed coccoliths. Our results reveal the link between oil formation and the presence of iron compounds.
<title>Nonlinear detail enhancement of error-diffused images</title> (1994)

Error diffusion distributes the quantization error over the local neighborhood in such a way that the local mean of the halftoned image is adjusted to the local mean of the original image. This works fairly well in homogeneous portions of the image. But along edges and in areas with fine texture and details, spreading the error out over some pixels inevitably blurs the image locally and obscures details. In this paper, a variation of the standard error diffusion algorithm is proposed using a nonlinear filter for feature extraction. With this filter the error diffusion process can be adapted to the local image characteristics in such a way that the quantization error is not diffused across edges. This leads to sharper halftoned images with more detail information. It also increases the local image contrast which results in an overall perceptually more pleasing rendering of the halftoned image.
The Relationship of Job Satisfaction With Substitutes of Leadership, Leadership Behavior, and Work Motivation (1997)

Abstract A self-report questionnaire was administered to 125 adult Americans between the ages of 20 and 46 years, to examine the predictive values of substitutes of leadership, leadership behavior, and work motivation in relation to job satisfaction. The results of independent regression analyses revealed that all but subordinate substitutes were significant predictors of job satisfaction. In the stepwise analysis, task substitutes, organizational substitutes, consideration leadership behavior, initiating structure leadership behavior, and work motivation were significant and together accounted for 54% of the total variance of job satisfaction. In both the stepwise and independent analyses, work motivation (expectancy theory) and consideration leadership style affected levels of job satisfaction more than any other variables. The study included an analysis of the aggregate population by occupation. The individual results from assembly workers, middle managers, and executives were used to examine the predictive values of substitutes of leadership, leadership behavior, and work motivation in relation to job satisfaction.
Antisenescent Activity of Natural Cytokinins (1977)

Abstract The antisenescent activity of naturally occurring cytokinins (bases and ribosides) has been evaluated by measuring chlorophyll retention in detached wheat ( Triticum vulgare ) leaf segments. 6‐(3‐Methyl‐2‐butenylamino)‐2‐methylthiopurine (ms2ip) was the most active cytokinin followed by 6‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐ trans ‐2‐butenylamino)purine (tZ). 6‐(4‐Hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐ cis ‐2‐butenylamino)‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine (cZR), 6‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐ trans ‐2‐butenylamino)‐2‐methylthio‐9β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine (MstZR), and 6‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐ cis ‐2‐butenylamino)‐2‐methylthio‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuroanosylpurine (mscZR) were essentially inactive. 9‐Ribosyl substitution did not affect the activity of tZ, (±)‐6‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbutylamino)purine (DHZ), or 6‐(3‐methyl‐2‐butenylamino)purine (2ip), but lowered the activity of 6‐( o ‐hydroxybenzylamino)purine (OHBA) and 6‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐ cis ‐2‐butenylamino)purine (cZ). 2‐Methylthio substitution increased the activity of 2ip and DHZ, decreased the activity of tZ, and had no effect on the activity of cZ. The activities of the simultaneously substituted 2‐methylthio‐9‐ribosyl compounds are lower than those of their corresponding unsubstituted or 2‐methylthio substituted bases with the exception of DHZ. Structure‐activity relationships for chlorophyll retention did not parallel many of the relationships found for callus tissue growth stimulation.
Inductive plethysmography--a new respiratory transducer [proceedings]. (1977)

<p>Assessment of the neonatal EEG may be hampered by drug-specific changes in electrocortical activity. To quantify effects of a loading dose of midazolam and lidocaine on the EEG frequency spectrum of full-term neonates with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS), 11 full-term infants underwent multi-channel amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) and EEG recordings. During recording, midazolam and/or lidocaine were administered as anti-epileptic drug. Retrospectively, we performed spectral analysis on 4-h EEG segments around the loading dose. The frequency spectrum was divided in δ (1-4 Hz), θ (4-8 Hz), α (8-13 Hz) and β (13-30 Hz) bands. Midazolam induced immediate suppression of the aEEG background pattern for 30-60 min. Spectral EEG analysis showed decreased total and absolute frequency band powers. Relative δ power decreased, θ power increased while α and β powers remained constant. Lidocaine induced no aEEG background pattern suppression. Total and absolute EEG band powers were unchanged. Relative δ power decreased, θ and α power increased and β power remained constant. Effects of lidocaine were more pronounced in the stroke-affected hemisphere. In conclusions, both drugs induced a shift from low to higher frequency electrocortical activity. Additionally, midazolam reduced total EEG power. These spectral changes differ from those seen in adult studies.</p>
Privacy Preserving Joins (2008)

In this paper, we design a system for mutually distrustful entities to perform privacy preserving joins, leveraging the power of a memory-limited secure coprocessor. Under this setting, we critique a questionable assumption in a previous privacy definition [1] that leads to unnecessary information leakage. We then remove the assumption and propose a new definition. Based on this definition, we propose three correct and provable secure algorithms to compute general joins of arbitrary predicates, by utilizing available cryptographic tools in a nontrivial way. We discuss different memory requirements of our proposed algorithms, and explore how to trade little privacy with significant performance improvement. In [2], we evaluate the performance of our algorithms by numerical examples. We also show the performance superiority of our approach over secure multi-party computation in [2].
Overexpression of <i>c-met</i> as a Prognostic Indicator for Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Comparison With <i>p53</i> Nuclear Accumulation (2002)

PURPOSE: The c-met proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase (Met) and has been shown to play a role in oncogenesis. Given that high titers of hepatocyte growth factor, the specific ligand for Met, are excreted in the urine and tend to reflect disease activity of bladder cancer, we performed this study to examine the clinical significance of Met in human bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the mRNA expression and genomic alteration of c-met in five bladder cancer cell lines. Significance of Met overexpression was then compared with p53 nuclear accumulation (TP53) in primary bladder cancer (n = 142 patients). RESULTS: Expression of c-met mRNA tended to positively correlate with differentiation of cancer cell lines in the absence of point mutation. High expression of Met was found in seven cases (4.9%), low expression in 32 cases (22.5%), and negative expression in 103 cases (72.5%). Expression of Met was positively associated with histologic grade, stage classification, tumor size, and nodular tumor growth (P < .05, respectively); however, it was not related to TP53 status. Factors that predicted disease progression were tumor stage, Met status, and TP53 accumulation (P < .05, respectively). Indicators for poor long-term survival were invasive cancer, multiple tumors, and Met overexpression (P = .0006, .01, and .04, respectively). CONCLUSION: The c-met proto-oncogene plays a more important role in the progression of bladder carcinogenesis than p53. Evaluation of Met expression could identify a subset of bladder cancer patients who may require a more intensive treatment strategy.
Viral Protein 1 Sequence Analysis of Three Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains: A Very Virulent Virus, Its Attenuated Form, and an Attenuated Vaccine (1999)

Comparisons between sequences of very virulent, virulent, and attenuated strains of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) may indicate sites on the genome co-inciding with virulence. In an attempt to detect if such sites exist on the coding region of segment B, viral protein 1 (VP1) (encoded for by segment B) of a very virulent Israeli virus, IL3; its attenuated strain, IL4; and the attenuated Winterfield vaccine 2512 were cloned and sequenced. A comparison was made among them and with six other published sequences of segment B. Six nucleic acids distinguished between IL3 and IL4, three of which were predicted to be expressed as amino acids. A striking similarity between the VP1 sequences of 2512 and P2 (an attenuated German strain) was discovered. Although conclusions could not be drawn concerning attenuation sites on VP1, the analysis performed on the VP1 sequences of the two Israeli strains and the Winterfield 2512 strain sheds light on the phylogeny of IBDV and contributes to the accumulating information that may lead to the identification of virulence-related sites of this virus.