gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degradation due to electrical stress of poly-Si thin film transistors with various LDD lengths (1995)

The degradation phenomena of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin film transistors (TFT's) with various lightly-doped drain (LDD) length have been investigated. It is observed that the threshold voltage shift due to electrical stress varies with LDD length. The threshold voltage shift after 4 hours electrical stress of V/sub g/=V/sub d/=30 V in conventional, 0.5 μm, and 2 μm LDD poly-Si TFT's are about 2.7 V, 5.2 V, and 0.8 V, respectively.
Optimizing bipartite matching in real-world applications by incremental cost computation (2021)

The Kuhn-Munkres (KM) algorithm is a classical combinatorial optimization algorithm that is widely used for minimum cost bipartite matching in many real-world applications, such as transportation. For example, a ride-hailing service may use it to find the optimal assignment of drivers to passengers to minimize the overall wait time. Typically, given two bipartite sets, this process involves computing the edge costs between all bipartite pairs and finding an optimal matching. However, existing works overlook the impact of edge cost computation on the overall running time. In reality, edge computation often significantly outweighs the computation of the optimal assignment itself, as in the case of assigning drivers to passengers which involves computation of expensive graph shortest paths. Following on from this observation, we observe common real-world settings exhibit a useful property that allows us to incrementally compute edge costs only as required using an inexpensive lower-bound heuristic. This technique significantly reduces the overall cost of assignment compared to the original KM algorithm, as we demonstrate experimentally on multiple real-world data sets, workloads, and problems. Moreover, our algorithm is not limited to this domain and is potentially applicable in other settings where lower-bounding heuristics are available.
Abstract LB-87: Methylated-mediated repression of <i>ZNF154</i> in ovarian cancer is associated with poor overall survival (2012)

Abstract Objectives: Epigenetic gene regulation plays an important role in the development of cancer. We previously found that Zinc Finger Protein 154 (ZNF154), a Krüppel family zinc finger protein, is ubiquitously methylated in a large panel of ovarian cancer cell lines but is unmethylated in normal cells. The objectives of this study were to determine the relevance of ZNF154 methylation to mRNA expression and relationship to clinical outcome in primary epithelial ovarian cancers. Methods: Genomic DNA from 85 ovarian cancers (53 serous, 13 clear cell, 11 endometrioid and 8 mucinous) along with 4 fallopian tube and 4 ovarian surface epithelium specimens was bisulfite modified (Zymo EZ DNA Methylation kit) followed by generation of Illumina Infinium 450k Methylation Beadchip data for &gt;485,000 CpG sites, given as β-values (scale, 0-1, where 1 is completely methylated). Bisulfite pyrosequencing was used to validate array results. ZNF154 mRNA expression was quantified using real time RT-PCR following treatment of 5 ovarian cancer cell lines and 2 immortalized OSE controls with 5µM 5-aza-2′ deoxycytidine (DAC) for 72h. Mann-Whitney U tests were used for group comparisons, Pearson correlation for continuous variables and the Kaplan-Meier method for overall survival. Results: Methylation of ZNF154 was significantly higher in cancers versus normal tissues (average β=0.51 versus β=0.09, respectively; p&lt;0.0001). Methylation values obtained by pyrosequencing strongly correlated with array β-values (R=0.94; p=1.31e-40). ZNF154 mRNA expression was lower in ovarian cancer versus normal cells (p=0.015). Following DAC treatment, ZNF154 expression increased an average 8.01-fold (p=0.0499) while methylation levels decreased up to 20% (p=0.028) compared to mock treated controls. Stage III-IV serous cancers with higher (N=25) versus lower (N=22) ZNF154 methylation had 66 months decreased median overall survival (p=0.032). Conclusions: ZNF154 is ubiquitously methylated in primary ovarian cancers but not in normal cells and expression of ZNF154 is at least partially regulated by DNA methylation. In addition, increased methylation of ZNF154 is associated with poor clinical outcome for advanced stage serous cancers. Our results suggest that ZNF154 methylation status may have utility as a biomarker and also as a tool for prognostic prediction. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-87. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-87
Rapid induction of the major embryonic alpha-tubulin mRNA, T alpha 1, during nerve regeneration in adult rats. (1989)

The mRNAs for 2 isotypes of alpha-tubulin, termed T alpha 1 and T26, are differentially regulated in the developing rat nervous system. T alpha 1 alpha-tubulin mRNA is expressed at high levels when neurons extend processes whereas T26 mRNA is expressed constitutively (Miller et al., 1987b). We have examined the expression of these 2 alpha-tubulin mRNAs in regenerating facial and sciatic motor neurons of the rat using Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses. T alpha 1 alpha-tubulin mRNA is rapidly induced in axotomized motor neurons of the facial nerve: increased levels of mRNA are detectable 4 hr after a lesion is made 1.5 cm distal to the neuronal cell bodies. T alpha 1 mRNA levels are highest from 3-7 d postcrush and decline slowly to control levels following functional reinnervation of facial muscles. In contrast, T26 mRNA levels remain constant throughout the regeneration process. Total alpha-tubulin mRNA levels do not change until 1 d postaxotomy; otherwise the changes in expression are similar to T alpha 1 mRNA, although the relative increase is not as great. Enhanced T alpha 1 alpha-tubulin mRNA expression also occurs in motor neurons of crushed or tied sciatic nerve. Ligature or crush of the sciatic nerve leads to approximately the same peak in the expression of T alpha 1 mRNA at 7-15 d postaxotomy. Following the facial nerve transection, under conditions in which reinnervation is prevented, T alpha 1 alpha-tubulin mRNA levels remain elevated significantly longer than when the nerve is crushed. Taken together, the data indicate that T alpha 1 alpha-tubulin mRNA is rapidly induced following neuronal axotomy, remains elevated during the period of axonal regrowth, and is subsequently down-regulated at the approximate time of target contact. These results are reminiscent of changes in T alpha 1 mRNA that occur during neuronal development. This growth-associated pattern of T alpha 1 gene expression can be modified by inhibiting appropriate regeneration of the damaged nerve.
Trends in the Epidemiology of Invasive Fungal Infections (2007)

Invasive fungal infections have increased in importance, largely because of the increasing size of the population at risk. Candida species remain the fourth most important cause of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Infections with Candida species other than C. albicans appear to have become more common, but significant geographic variation has been reported. Invasive aspergillosis and other mould infections are a leading cause of infection-related death in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Although Aspergillus fumigatus remains the most frequent cause of infection, A. terreus has emerged as an important pathogen, at least among certain populations. Despite marked reductions in the rates of AIDS-associated fungal infections, such as cryptococcosis, in the United States and other developed countries, the burden of these diseases in developing countries is large and increasing. Enhanced surveillance and reporting will be critical to improve our understanding of the importance of invasive fungal infections, to enable prioritization of research and prevention efforts, and to evaluate prevention strategies.
Chiral Chromium(III) Porphyrins as Highly Enantioselective Catalysts for Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reactions Between Aldehydes and Dienes (2006)

Abstract Starting from enantiomerically pure 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis[(1 S ,4 R ,5 R ,8 S )‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydro‐1,4 : 5,8‐dimethanoanthracene‐9‐yl]porphyrin, treatment with CrCl 2 and subsequent air oxidation afforded the corresponding Cr(III) complex, with chloride as counterion, in 96% yield. Anion exchange with AgBF 4 gave the corresponding tetrafluoroborate. These hitherto unknown chiral chromium porphyrins are efficient and highly enantioselective catalysts for the hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction of aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic aldehydes with dienes of varying electron density. In the case of 1‐methoxy‐3‐(trimethylsilyloxy)butadiene (“Danishefsky's diene”), enantiomeric excesses >90% were achieved in a number of cases, with furfural affording the highest ee (97%). Metal‐coordinating aldehydes such as pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde do not inactivate the Cr(III) porphyrin catalyst. The cycloaddition of less electron‐rich dienes (such as 1‐methoxybutadiene) is effected as well, affording diastereoselectivities up to >99 : 1, and enantiomeric excesses >80%.
Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Aging, and Anti-Melanogenic Properties of the Essential Oils from Two Varieties of Alpinia zerumbet (2015)

Here, we investigated the anti-oxidant and anti-aging effects of essential oils (EOs) from the leaves of Alpinia zerumbet (tairin and shima) in vitro and anti-melanogenic effects in B16F10 melanoma cells. The anti-oxidant activities were performed with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS); nitric oxide; singlet oxygen; hydroxyl radical scavenging; and xanthine oxidase. The inhibitory activities against collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase were employed for anti-aging. The anti-melanogenic was assessed in B16F10 melanoma cells by melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The volatile chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The EO was a complex mixture mainly consisting of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The results revealed that tairin and shima EOs showed strong anti-oxidant activities against DPPH and nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibition. Compared to shima EO; tairin EO exhibited strong anti-aging activity by inhibiting collagenase, tyrosinase, hyaluronidase, and elastase (IC50 = 11 ± 0.1; 25 ± 1.2; 83 ± 1.6; and 213 ± 2 μg/mL, respectively). Both EOs inhibited intracellular tyrosinase activity; thus, reducing melanin synthesis. These results suggest that tairin EO has better anti-oxidant/anti-aging activity than shima EO, but both are equally anti-melanogenic.
Relationship between antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and aging (1992)

Experiments performed on species as different as flies, rats and frogs are not conclusive about the possibility that antioxidant defenses decrease in old animals. Even when these decreases are found, their physiological meaning is far from clear. Furthermore, a constancy of antioxidant capacity in old age is consistent with the fact that aging is a progressive phenomenon which occurs at a rather constant rate from the mature young to the very old animal, without showing a great acceleration rate in the aged. Nevertheless, experimental results strongly suggest that the maintenance of an appropriate antioxidant/prooxidant balance does have an important role in maintaining health in the aging animal. It is possible that the continuous presence of small amounts of free radicals in the adult tissues of both mature adults and old animals is an important factor in aging (a progressive phenomenon) and susceptibility to disease. Since, similarly to what occurs in procariota, the whole antioxidant system seems to be under homeostatic control in vertebrates, it is imperative to perform comprehensive and detailed studies on the effects of carefully controlled doses of antioxidants on biomarkers of health as well as on the different endogenous cellular antioxidant and prooxidant systems. These studies should have as a final goal the knowledge of which doses of antioxidants are high enough to increase antioxidant protection but low enough to avoid feedback depression of other endogenous antioxidants; this could further improve the health state of humans situated in the middle and last phases of their life span.
TRPV1 is a component of the atrial natriuretic signaling complex, and using orally delivered antagonists, presents a valid therapeutic target in the longitudinal reversal and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (2018)

Activation of the atrial natriuretic signaling pathway is intrinsic to the pathological responses associated with a range of cardiovascular diseases that stress the heart, especially those involved in sustained cardiac pressure overload which induces hypertrophy and the pathological remodeling that frequently leads to heart failure. We identify transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1, as a regulated molecular component, and therapeutic target of this signaling system. Data show that TRPV1 is a physical component of the natriuretic peptide A, cGMP, PKG signaling complex, interacting with the Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 1 (NPR1), and upon binding its ligand, Natriuretic Peptide A (NPPA, ANP) TRPV1 activation is subsequently suppressed through production of cGMP and PKG mediated phosphorylation of the TRPV1 channel. Further, inhibition of TRPV1, with orally delivered drugs, suppresses chamber and myocyte hypertrophy, and can longitudinally improve in vivo heart function in mice exposed to chronic pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction, reversing pre-established hypertrophy induced by pressure load while restoring chamber function. TRPV1 is a physical and regulated component of the natriuretic peptide signaling system, and TRPV1 inhibition may provide a new treatment strategy for treating, and reversing the loss of function associated with cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
A monitoring-based load balancing scheme for network security functions (2017)

This paper proposes an enhanced Interface to Network Security Functions (I2NSF) framework. To improve the whole packet throughput and manage resource of Network Security Functions (NSFs), the enhanced I2NSF framework monitors NSFs and distributes incoming packets to NSFs efficiently. Even if the legacy framework that provides security services using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) has the similar NSFs, it is inefficient to be unable to distribute the packets to multiple NSFs. Based on the legacy I2NSF framework, therefore, we add two kinds of communication such as (i) communication between NSFs and security controller to monitor NSFs and (ii) communication between Security Function Forwarder (SFF) and security controller to perform the load balance for the packets to multiple NSFs. For the further communications between NSFs with security controller, we present a message format based on the information model proposed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) I2NSF Working Group. We use capability data model proposed by IETF I2NSF WG, which describes the capability of an NSF. In order to show the feasibility of the proposed framework, we implemented the enhanced framework using IETF standards and open sources.
Local GABAergic modulation of acetylcholine release from the cortex of freely moving rats (2000)

Cortical perfusion with GABA agonists and antagonists modulates the spontaneous release of cortical acetylcholine and GABA in freely moving rats. Twenty-four hours after implantation of a dialysis fibre, cerebral cortex spontaneously released acetylcholine (3.8 +/- 0.2 pmol/10 min) and GABA (6.6 +/- 0.4 pmol/10 min) at a stable rate. Local administration of GABA (1 or 5 mM) or the GABAA agonist muscimol (25 or 50 microM) had no effect on the spontaneous release of acetylcholine. However, bicuculline (1-25 microM), a GABAA antagonist, added to the dialysis perfusate, elicited a concentration-dependent increase of acetylcholine release to approximately double that of control. This effect of bicuculline (25 microM) was completely prevented by coperfusion with muscimol (50 microM). Local administration of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen (10 or 50 microM) elicited a concentration-dependent increase in spontaneous acetylcholine release with a maximal increase of about 60%. Intracortical administration of baclofen also decreased the spontaneous release of GABA. The GABAB receptor antagonist CGP 35348 (1 mM), administered alone for 20 min through the dialysis fibre, was without effect on spontaneous acetylcholine release; however, it completely blocked both the baclofen-induced increase in acetylcholine release and the decrease in GABA release. These results suggest that cortically released GABA exerts a tonic influence on cholinergic activity.
Anomalous Fe diffusion in Si-ion-implanted β–Ga2O3 and its suppression in Ga2O3 transistor structures through highly resistive buffer layers (2015)

The thermal behavior of Fe as a compensating acceptor impurity in β-Ga2O3 (010) was studied in view of growing interests in semi-insulating Fe-doped Ga2O3 substrates for the realization of high-performance Ga2O3 field-effect transistors (FETs). An anomalous redistribution of Fe beyond the extent of intrinsic thermal diffusion was revealed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy in device-relevant structures where Ga2O3 grown homoepitaxially on Fe-doped substrates was doped by Si ion (Si+) implantation and annealed at high temperatures. The enhanced Fe diffusion was attributed to an athermal process involving intrinsic defects from the region of implantation damage. An undoped Ga2O3 buffer between the Si+-implanted layer and the Fe-doped substrate effectively suppressed Fe outdiffusion by protecting the substrate against unintentional ion damage or defects from a remote source, thereby preserving the electrical integrity of the Si-doped material. Temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements indicated that the undoped Ga2O3 buffer was highly resistive with inter-device leakage attributable to surface conduction via a variable-range hopping mechanism. The buffer scheme, together with dielectric passivation to eliminate surface leakage, was proposed to constitute an integral process module for future lateral Ga2O3 FET devices.
Treatment of Coal Chemical Wastewater by Two-Stage Anaerobic Process (2010)

The treatment of coal chemical wastewater by the two-stage anaerobic process was studied in this paper. The results showed that the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phenols (TP), and volatile phenol (VP) could reach 53.9%, 52.6%, 84.9%, respectively, which was significantly better than the single-stage anaerobic unit. The division of each unit was different in the two-stage anaerobic process. The high removal of the easily degradable organic matter and the conversion of the volatile phenol compounds were achieved in the first stage anaerobic unit. The second stage anaerobic unit focused on the transformation of phenolic pollutants and ensured the stability and efficiency in the system. The two-stage anaerobic process offered an effective way for the treatment of coal-chemical wastewater.
Java performance evaluation through rigorous replay compilation (2008)

A managed runtime environment, such as the Java virtual machine, is non-trivial to benchmark. Java performance is affected in various complex ways by the application and its input, as well as by the virtual machine (JIT optimizer, garbage collector, thread scheduler, etc.). In addition, non-determinism due to timer-based sampling for JIT optimization, thread scheduling, and various system effects further complicate the Java performance benchmarking process.
Wave-front replication versus beam cleanup by stimulated scattering (1987)

It is shown that the equations for forward/backward-stimulated scattering may, in the limit of highly aberrated beams, be expressed in the Dirac bracket notation. This compact notation illuminates the form of the solution, which states that for high gain the Stokes beam becomes spatially correlated with the pump. The formalism clarifies the distinction between three limiting regimes of seeded Raman conversion: two yield Raman beam cleanup, and the third yields Raman wave-front replication.
Accurate depth determination in well logging (1984)

In well logging, where a measuring instrument or "tool" is suspended from a cable in a well bore, accurate information on the instantaneous depth of file tool is difficult to obtain because the tool tends to bounce up and down as the cable is drawn up the borehole. A particularly difficult situation is "stick and slip," i.e., where the sonde stops momentarily, and then jumps forward as cable tension overcomes static friction. Past efforts at depth determination have generally relied only on measuring cable travel uphole at the winch. However, increasing applications require greater accuracy in tool depth determination. This paper presents a method for estimating tool depth which performs well even in the presence of "stick and slip." It uses a downhole accelerometer, and a Kalman filter to estimate depth in conjunction with a method to detect sonde sticking and to modify the filter accordingly. Its performance on real data is demonstrated.
Generation of carrier-envelope-phase-stable 2-cycle 740-μJ pulses at 21-μm carrier wavelength (2008)

We produce carrier-envelope-phase-stable 15.7-fs (2-cycle) 740-microJ pulses at the 2.1-microm carrier wavelength, from a three-stage optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier system, pumped by an optically synchronized 49-ps 11-mJ Nd:YLF laser. A novel seed pulse spectral shaping method is used to ascertain the true amplified seed energy and the parametric superfluorescence levels.
5-HT<sub>3</sub> Antagonists Derived from Aminopyridazine-type Muscarinic M1 Agonists (1998)

A conformational analysis, performed on muscarinic M1 agonists, identified four structural features characteristic of the muscarinic M1 pharmacophore: (i) a protonable basic or quaternary nitrogen acting as a cationic head; (ii) an electronegative dipole usually part of a planar mesomeric ester, amide, or amidine function which can be replaced by an ether (muscarine) or a dioxolane (AF 30); (iii) an intercharge distance of 5 +/- 0.5 A between the cationic head and the electronegative atom of the dipole; (iv) an elevation of 0.5 +/- 0.03 A of the cationic head over the plane containing the electronegative dipole. During a reinvestigation of the conformational behavior of published structures of 5-HT3 antagonists, similar features were observed for the 5-HT3 pharmacophore. However many 5-HT3 antagonists possess additional aromatic planes not present in the muscarinic M1 agonists. These observations brought us to predict the chemical modifications that would change muscarinic M1 agonists into 5-HT3 antagonists. Four of the predicted aminopyridazines were actually synthesized and submitted to testing. The observed IC50 values for 5-HT3 receptor binding ([3H] BRL 43694) ranged from 10 to 425 nM, whereas the affinities for the muscarinic receptor preparations ([3H] pirenzepine) layed over 10,000 nM. In electrophysiological studies the two most active compounds 10 and 13 produced antagonist-like effects on the 5-HT receptor channel complexes responsible for the generation of the rapidly desensitizing ionic currents, and agonist-like effects on those responsible for the slowly desensitizing components.