gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Institut de Sociologie Solvay. — 25e semaine sociale universitaire sur la condition sociale de la femme, du 17 au 22 octobre 1955; Vosse-Smal Gabrielle. — Travail professionnel et charges familiales de la femme ouvrière. Enquête dans l'agglomération namuroise (1956)

G A. Institut de Sociologie Solvay. — 25e semaine sociale universitaire sur la condition sociale de la femme, du 17 au 22 octobre 1955; Vosse-Smal Gabrielle. — Travail professionnel et charges familiales de la femme ouvrière. Enquête dans l'agglomération namuroise. In: Population, 11ᵉ année, n°4, 1956. pp. 774-775.
Parallel evolution of the make–accumulate–consume strategy in Saccharomyces and Dekkera yeasts (2011)

Saccharomyces yeasts degrade sugars to two-carbon components, in particular ethanol, even in the presence of excess oxygen. This characteristic is called the Crabtree effect and is the background for the 'make-accumulate-consume' life strategy, which in natural habitats helps Saccharomyces yeasts to out-compete other microorganisms. A global promoter rewiring in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lineage, which occurred around 100 mya, was one of the main molecular events providing the background for evolution of this strategy. Here we show that the Dekkera bruxellensis lineage, which separated from the Saccharomyces yeasts more than 200 mya, also efficiently makes, accumulates and consumes ethanol and acetic acid. Analysis of promoter sequences indicates that both lineages independently underwent a massive loss of a specific cis-regulatory element from dozens of genes associated with respiration, and we show that also in D. bruxellensis this promoter rewiring contributes to the observed Crabtree effect.
Complex percutaneous biliary procedures: Review and contributions of a high volume team (2019)

A comprehensive literature review was performed to evaluate the state of art and level of evidence of complex percutaneous biliary procedures and their safeness and effectiveness. Amidst those procedures, the review focused on techniques to achieve non-dilated biliary drainage, multiple selfexpandable metallic stents, multiple plastic stents for the treatment of benign biliary strictures, simultaneous biliary and duodenal stent placement, rendezvous maneuvers, and use of magnets to treat biliary stenosis or even create new anastomosis with the jejunum or duodenum. A description of each technique and revision of literature provides useful tools for clinical practice decisions.
Biologic and Clinical Characteristics of Breast Cancer With Single Hormone Receptor–Positive Phenotype (2007)

ER+/PgR-and ER-/PgR+ tumors are biologically and clinically distinct groups of breast cancer that may require different treatment strategies with ER-/PgR+ exhibiting more aggressive behavioral characteristics.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND USABILITY EVALUATION OF CONTROL ALGORITHMS FOR A MOBILITY ENHANCEMENT ROBOTIC WHEELCHAIR (MEBOT) (2018)

An Electric Powered Wheelchair (EPW) is a key mobility device for people with disabilities providing mobility, independence, and improved quality of life. However, the design of current EPWs remains limited when driving in environments with architectural barriers and uneven terrain, making EPW users susceptible to safety issues - such as tipping or falling - which may lead to serious injury. To overcome these limitations, we developed a series of control algorithms for a novel mobility enhancement robotic wheelchair (MEBot). MEBot consists of six wheels with pneumatic actuators to control the elevation and inclination of the wheelchair as well as electric actuators in the driving wheel carriage to change its driving wheel configuration. Its controller is comprised of a single board computer, and a sensor package that aids obstacle detection and provides information about joint movements to develop MEBOT’s control algorithms. The ability of the MEBot controller to perform control algorithms, such as the dynamic seat leveling, curb climbing, and descending applications, was evaluated and validated in both simulation and a controlled environment for broader accessibility in architectural barriers. A stability analysis showed that while the footprint of the wheelchair changed during the process of its control algorithms when overcoming architectural barriers such as curbs and slopes; MEBot maintained its center of mass within the wheelchair footprint. Furthermore, a usability evaluation with ten power wheelchair users was conducted to compare the MEBot’s controller with that of their own power wheelchair in simulated indoor, outdoor, and advanced (architectural barriers) environments. Results show that MEBot was able to perform a significantly higher number of tasks than currently available commercial power wheelchairs in the advanced environment. In addition, participant’s feedback was obtained for further improvement of the device and its control algorithms.
AC Power Systems Handbook, Third Edition (2006)

Sooner or later, power system protection is going to cost money. How much is entirely up to you. Setting up a safe and effective AC power system from the very beginning can help avoid costly downtime and repairs, provide backup power during system outages, and minimize workplace accidents. For the past 15 years, Jerry Whitaker's AC Power Systems Handbook has supplied industry professionals with a comprehensive, practical guide to the key elements of AC power for commercial and industrial systems.This third edition is thoroughly revised and completely reorganized to reflect the changing demands of modern power systems. To ease navigation, many sections are now presented as separate chapters filled with updated and expanded information. Most notably, the author adds heavily in the areas of transient suppression hardware, electrical system components, and power system fundamentals. Following a logical progression, coverage flows from power system operation to protecting equipment loads, selecting the right level of protection, grounding, standby power, and safety. Along the way, the author paints a clear picture of the sources of disturbances, the tradeoffs involved for different options, and the advantages and limitations of various approaches.Streamlined to be a hands-on, user-oriented guide, the AC Power Systems Handbook offers expert guidance on designing and installing a safe and efficient power system.
Optical detection of CO and CO<sub>2</sub> temperature dependent desorption from carbon nanotube clusters (2014)

The development of new materials relies on high precision methods to quantify adsorption/desorption of gases from surfaces. One commonly used approach is temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy. While this approach is very accurate, it requires complex instrumentation, and it is limited to performing experiments under high vacuum, thus restricting experimental scope. An alternative approach is to integrate the surface of interest directly onto a detector face, creating an active substrate. One surface that has applications in numerous areas is the carbon nanotube (CNT). As such, an active substrate that integrates a CNT surface on a sensor and is able to perform measurements in ambient environments will have significant impact. In the present work, we have developed an active substrate that combines an optical sensor with a CNT cluster substrate. The optical sensor is able to accurately probe the temperature dependent desorption of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gases from the CNT cluster surface. This active substrate will enable a wide range of temperature dependent desorption measurements to be performed from a scientifically interesting material system.
Defect-oriented testing of mixed-signal ICs: some industrial experience (2002)

Some of Philips' industrial experience are presented in this paper on defect-oriented testing of mixed-signal ICs. Case studies on analog circuit blocks in two automotive mixed-signal ICs are described. This is done to demonstrate the potential of the defect-oriented testing approach in the industrial test development for test coverage improvement with simple industrial tests. It has been shown that, in addition to the conventional function-oriented tests, the test coverage of bridging faults can be significantly improved by some simple tests derived by using the defect-oriented testing approach.
Enzyme immunoassay for factor VIII-related antigen. (1982)

I describe a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitation of Factor VIII-related antigen in plasma with use of commercially available peroxidase-labeled antiserum and solid-phase support. Regression analysis of 85 plasma samples analyzed by this technique (y) and by a commonly used electroimmunoassay (Anal. Biochem. 15: 45-52, 1966) (x) gave the equation y = 0.223 + 0.77x (r = 0.973). The present method was also compared with enzyme immunoassay in which a phosphatase-labeled antiserum prepared in our laboratory was used; the correlation between the two assays was very good. The simplicity and specificity of the ELISA technique should make it a useful alternative to the more difficult and time-consuming Laurell method.
Measuring developer contribution from software repository data (2008)

Apart from source code, software infrastructures supporting agile and distributed software projects contain traces of developer activity that does not directly affect the product itself but is important for the development process. We propose a model that, by combining traditional contribution metrics with data mined from software repositories, can deliver accurate developer contribution measurements. The model creates clusters of similar projects to extract weights that are then applied to the actions a developer performed on project assets to extract a combined measurement of the developer's contribution. We are currently implementing the model in the context of a software quality monitoring system while we are also validating its components by means of questionnaires.
Loss of FGF-Dependent Mesoderm Identity and Rise of Endogenous Retinoid Signalling Determine Cessation of Body Axis Elongation (2012)

The endogenous mechanism that determines vertebrate body length is unknown but must involve loss of chordo-neural-hinge (CNH)/axial stem cells and mesoderm progenitors in the tailbud. In early embryos, Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) maintains a cell pool that progressively generates the body and differentiation onset is driven by retinoid repression of FGF signalling. This raises the possibility that FGF maintains key tailbud cell populations and that rising retinoid activity underlies cessation of body axis elongation. Here we show that sudden loss of the mesodermal gene (Brachyury) from CNH and the mesoderm progenitor domain correlates with FGF signalling decline in the late chick tailbud. This is accompanied by expansion of neural gene expression and a similar change in cell fate markers is apparent in the human tailbud. Fate mapping of chick tailbud further revealed that spread of neural gene expression results from continued ingression of CNH-derived cells into the position of the mesoderm progenitor domain. Using gain and loss of function approaches in vitro and in vivo, we then show that attenuation of FGF/Erk signalling mediates this loss of Brachyury upstream of Wnt signalling, while high-level FGF maintains Brachyury and can induce ectopic CNH-like cell foci. We further demonstrate a rise in endogenous retinoid signalling in the tailbud and show that here FGF no longer opposes retinoid synthesis and activity. Furthermore, reduction of retinoid signalling at late stages elevated FGF activity and ectopically maintained mesodermal gene expression, implicating endogenous retinoid signalling in loss of mesoderm identity. Finally, axis termination is concluded by local cell death, which is reduced by blocking retinoid signalling, but involves an FGFR-independent mechanism. We propose that cessation of body elongation involves loss of FGF-dependent mesoderm identity in late stage tailbud and provide evidence that rising endogenous retinoid activity mediates this step and ultimately promotes cell death in chick tailbud.
Group work of distributed microactuators (1996)

SUMMARY This paper proposes and demonstrates a method toobtain macroscopic work out of distributed microactuatorsfabricated by IC-compatible micromachiningprocesses. We have coordinated the simple and smallmotion of microactuators in order to perform a task. Theconcept and a control scheme are discussed first. In orderto show the feasibility, the fabrication and operation ofarrayed microactuators for conveyors are described. One uses thermally driven cantilevers and the other uses controlled air flow from micronozzles to carry flat objects.
Estudio de la combinación de los procesos de afinamiento de grano de colada y filtrado en latones (1999)

Se consideró la evaluación de diferentes parámetros y propiedades en latones binarios 70/30 y 63/37 previamente caracterizados y sometidos posteriormente a un afinamiento de grano (por medio de adiciones químicas) y/o filtrado. Adicionalmente, se realizaron estudios de microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) tendentes a esclarecer el mecanismo de afinamiento de grano, presente en este proceso. Los resultados obtenidos a partir del afinamiento de grano, y especialmente del acoplamiento de los procesos en cuestión, muestran una disminución importante del tamaño de grano y una mejora en las propiedades mecánicas de ambas aleaciones. Debido a la complejidad de las aleaciones base cobre es necesario considerar una serie de factores para esclarecer el mecanismo de afinamiento de grano y filtrado conjunto. El presente trabajo muestra que existe una alta probabilidad de que el zirconio, en presencia de fósforo, magnesio, hierro, azufre, nitrógeno y oxígeno, sea efectivo para producir afinamiento de grano en latones.
Small-angle scattering studies show distinct conformations of calmodulin in its complexes with two peptides based on the regulatory domain of the catalytic subunit of phosphorylase kinase (1990)

Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering have been used to study the solution structures of calmodulin complexed with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 342-366 and 301-326, designated PhK5 and PhK13, respectively, in the regulatory domain of the catalytic subunit of skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase. The scattering data show that binding of PhK5 to calmodulin induces a dramatic contraction of calmodulin, similar to that previously observed when calmodulin is complexed with the calmodulin-binding domain peptide from rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase. In contrast, calmodulin remains extended upon binding PhK13. In the presence of both peptides, calmodulin also remains extended. Apparently, the presence of PhK13 inhibits calmodulin from undergoing the PhK5-induced contraction. These data indicate that there is a fundamentally different type of calmodulin-target enzyme interaction in the case of the catalytic subunit of phosphorylase kinase compared with that for myosin light chain kinase.
The Virtues of Nonlinearity--Detection, Frequency Conversion, Parametric Amplification and Harmonic Generation (1984)

In the late 1920's when I was 9 and my brother Laurence was 12, he spent his life savings to buy a "crystal set". This was an exceedingly simple radio receiver. It had no tubes, it required no battery, and it had no power cord. It was a black box about 6 x 6 x 2 in. On its top were two tuning knobs, a number of binding posts, and a "crystal." Following instructions, we connected an "aerial," a ground wire, and a pair of earphones. The crystal itself was a piece of rock-like mineral; galena, I believe. It had a polycrystaline multifaceted surface, It was clamped in a metal cup, Facing the crystal was a pointed spring wire mounted in a ball-joint holder, designed so that the point could be placed anywhere on the surface of the crystal and be set to remain there under spring pressure. This was known as the "cat whisker." Again, following instructions, with the earphones in place, Laurence searched for and found a sensitive spot, after many tries. Eureka! He could hear the nearest local radio station, faintly but clearly. We spent many hours with this receiver, not all happy. The crystal contact was erratic and the sound was always faint. We would lose the signal quite frequently, necessitating a search for a new sensitive spot on the crystal.
Optimizing a 3D Culture System to Study the Interaction between Epithelial Breast Cancer and Its Surrounding Fibroblasts (2011)

Stromal fibroblasts are suggested to be a key determinant in the malignant progression of breast cancer. To find an in vitro culture model that best mimics the in vivo tumor microenvironment so we can study the effects of stromal fibroblasts on breast cancer progression, we evaluated several three-dimensional (3D) co-culture models in order to identify the most suitable culture model for our study. The purpose of our study is to co-culturing malignant mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells and murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) to form spheroids with matrigel. We found the best culture model for forming the 4T1 aggregates/spheroids was, in the absence of fibroblast, by growing 4T1 cells in the culture wells precoated with matrigel and in the overlay medium containing 2% matrigel. We chose this model as our standard 3D culture to co-culture 4T1 and MEF cells at different ratios. We found that the amount of MEF in the 4T1/MEF mixture affects the morphology of 4T1/MEF aggregates/spheroids: the higher the ratio of MEF in the mixture, the more ductal structures formed among the aggregates, and the more polarized-like alveolar structures they tended to become. Fibroblasts produced protection for the breast cancer cells in the 3D culture, as aggregates/spheroids formed by breast-cancer cells alone were more sensitive to cytotoxic chemo-agents than aggregates formed by the breast-cancer/fibroblast mixture. These results indicate that the selection of a suitable 3D culture model for a particular research focus may be critical to collecting clinically relevant information about tumor progression that involves interplay between different cell types. This 3D co-culture model demonstrated that tumor-surrounding fibroblasts play important roles in distributing and connecting epithelial breast cancer cells in a tumor microenvironment, as well as providing protection for breast cancer cells from chemo-agent killing.
Mechanism of Bypass Synthesis through an Abasic Site Analog by DNA Polymerase I (1997)

Bypass synthesis by DNA polymerase I was studied using synthetic 40-nucleotide-long gapped duplex DNAs each containing a site-specific abasic site analog, as a model system for mutagenesis associated with DNA lesions. Bypass synthesis proceeded in two general stages: a fast polymerization stage that terminated opposite the abasic site analog, followed by a slow bypass stage and polymerization down to the end of the template. The position of the 3'-terminus of the primer relative to the absic site analog did not affect bypass synthesis in the range of -1 to -5. In contrast, bypass synthesis increased with the distance of the 5'-boundary of the gap from the lesion for up to 3-fold in the range of +1 to +9. Bypass synthesis was severely inhibited by moderate concentrations of salts, and under conditions that were optimal for the synthetic activity of DNA polymerase I (100 mM K+), bypass synthesis was completely inhibited (< 0.02% bypass). Elimination of the 3'-->5' proofreading exonuclease activity of the polymerase, by using a mutant DNA polymerase, caused a dramatic 10-60-fold increase in bypass synthesis. Determination of the kinetic parameters for insertion opposite the abasic site analog revealed a strong preference for the insertion of dAMP, dictated by a lower Km and a higher kcat as compared to the other nucleotides. The rate of bypass was increased by omitting one or two dNTPs, most likely due to the facilitation of the polymerization past the lesion.
Assessment of dry etching damage in permalloy thin films (1999)

Permalloy (Ni81Fe19) thin films are etched by ion beam etching (IBE) or reactive ion etching (RIE), and the variation of magnetic properties with etching time is investigated. Magnetic softness of permalloy thin films deteriorates as etching proceeds, i.e., film thickness decreases. Coercivity begins to increase steeply at a thickness of 0.4 μm and reaches 16 Oe for IBE and 8 Oe for RIE at 0.09 μm. Effective magnetization is increased by 0.2 kG with IBE but decreased by 0.7 kG with RIE. From an atomic force microscopy analysis and independent wet etching experiments, the increase of coercivity is proved to be attributed to the increase of surface roughness as a result of etching. Etching-induced defects are also responsible for the increase of coercivity, which is confirmed by a measurement of electrical resistivity and x-ray diffraction analysis. Ion beam etching process appears to affect magnetic properties to a greater extent than reactive ion etching process.
Failure-independent path protection with p-cycles: efficient, fast and simple protection for transparent optical networks (2005)

Failure independent path-protecting (FIPP) p-cycles are an extension of the basic p-cycle concept which retains the property of pre-cross-connection of protection paths while acheiving end-to-end failure-independent path protection switching against either span or node failures. An issue with the current method of shared-backup path protection (SBPP) in a transparent optical network is that spare channels for the backup path must be cross-connected on-the-fly upon failure. It takes extra time and signaling to make the required cross-connections but, more importantly, until all connections are made it is not actually known if the backup optical path has adequate transmission integrity. Thus, pre-failure certainty about optical path integrity is an important reason to have backup paths fully pre-connected before failure. FIPP p-cycles support the same failure-independent, end-node activated switching of SBPP but with fully pre-connected protection paths. FIPP p-cycles may therefore be especially attractive for transparent optical networks. FIPP p-cycle network designs also exhibit capacity efficiency that is characteristic of path-oriented schemes. We think it is the only scheme known with these very high efficiencies, failure independence, and the property of fully pre-cross-connected protection paths.
Temperature controller for heat treatment (2007)

The high accurate and multi-purpose controller used for heat treatment is presented.It is developed with the core of AI-708P programmal intelligent regulator,and the main points on how to use the instrument as well as the programme example of heat treatmint are gived.
Occurrence and Growth of Yeasts in Yogurts (1981)

Yogurts purchased from retail outlets were examined for the presence of yeasts by being plated onto oxytetracycline malt extract agar. Of the 128 samples examined, 45% exhibited yeast counts above 10 cells per g. A total of 73 yeast strains were isolated and identified as belonging to the genera Torulopsis, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces, Candida, Rhodotorula, Pichia, Debaryomyces, and Sporobolomyces. Torulopsis candida and Kluyveromyces fragilis were the most frequently isolated species, followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula rubra, Kluyveromyces lactis, and Torulopsis versatilis. The growth of yeasts in yogurts was related to the ability of the yeasts to grow at refrigeration temperatures, to ferment lactose and sucrose, and to hydrolyze milk casein. Most yeast isolates grew in the presence of 100 mug of sorbate and benzoate preservatives per ml. Higher yeast counts from yogurts were obtained when the yogurts were plated onto oxytetracycline malt extract agar than when they were plated onto acidified malt extract agar.