gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ring Resonators With Vertically Coupling Grating for Densely Multiplexed Applications (2014)

Silicon-on-insulator photonic microring resonators are ideal components for applications that require a high degree of multiplexing because of their small size. However, when very high numbers of microrings are used in parallel, grating couplers and waveguide routing quickly take up more chip space than the actual rings. Therefore, we suggest to combine microring resonators with local weak gratings to read out light directly from the microring while still maintaining high-quality factors of 19 000. We demonstrate simulation results and an experimental analysis of different grating parameters. The resonance spectrum is recovered from the vertical emission of the microring grating, without using a traditional output waveguide.
Clinical metagenomics of bone and joint infections: a proof of concept study (2017)

Bone and joint infections (BJI) are severe infections that require a tailored and protracted antibiotic treatment. Yet, the diagnostic based on culturing samples lacks sensitivity, especially for hardly culturable bacteria. Metagenomic sequencing could potentially address those limitations. Here, we assessed the performances of metagenomic sequencing on 24 BJI samples for the identification of pathogens and the prediction of their antibiotic susceptibility. For monomicrobial samples in culture (n = 8), the presence of the pathogen was confirmed by metagenomics in all cases. For polymicrobial samples (n = 16), 32/55 bacteria (58.2%) were found at the species level (and 41/55 [74.5%] at the genus level). Conversely, 273 bacteria not found in culture were identified, 182 being possible pathogens and 91 contaminants. A correct antibiotic susceptibility could be inferred in 94.1% and 76.5% cases for monomicrobial and polymicrobial samples, respectively. Altogether, we found that clinical metagenomics applied to BJI samples is a potential tool to support conventional culture.
Bitterness and astringency of flavan-3-ol monomers, dimers and trimers (1999)

Intensity of astringency and bitterness of seven flavonoid compounds was evaluated by a time-intensity (TI) procedure. Eighteen trained judges rated intensity continuously from ingestion, through expectoration at 10 s until extinction of the sensation. The seven stimuli included two flavan-3-ol monomers, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, three dimers and two trimers synthesised from catechin or epicatechin by condensation with (+)-dihydroquercitin. As the degree of polymerisation increased, maximum bitterness intensity (Imax) and total duration (Ttot) decreased whereas astringency Imax increased. The monomers were significantly higher in bitterness at Imax than the dimers, which were significantly higher than the trimers. Astringency Imax of the monomers was lower than the dimers or trimers, although no significant difference was found in Ttot among the polymer classes. The bond linking the monomeric units had an influence on both sensory properties. The catechin-catechin dimer linked by a 4→6 bond was more bitter than both catechin-(4→8)-catechin and catechin-(4→8)-epicatechin. Astringency was affected by both the specific linkage and the identity of the monomeric units with the dimer, catechin-(4→8)-catechin, being lower in astringency than either catechin-(4→6)-catechin or catechin-(4→8)-epicatechin. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Complications of the Variable Screw Plate Pedicle Screw Fixation (1991)

In this study, 124 consecutive cases of posterior spinal fusion with variable screw plate fixation were reviewed. In 33 patients (27%), 41 complications were identified. Urinary tract infection without sequelae developed in 13 patients. Dural tear occurred in seven patients and wound hematoma in five. Wound infection developed in three patients; one was subfascial requiring instrument and graft removal. Neurologic deficit developed in seven patients (6%), in five of whom the deficit was due to manipulation and reduction of neural elements. Two of the seven deficits were believed to be caused by misplaced pedicle screws. Variable screw plate fixation is a formidable procedure with a significant complications rate.
MONOLITHIC MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS BASED ON GaAs MESFET TECHNOLOGY (1995)

Advanced military microwave systems are demanding increased integration, reliability, radiation hardness, compact size and lower cost when produced in large volume, whereas the microwave commercial market, including wireless communications, mandates low cost circuits. Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) technology provides an economically viable approach to meeting these needs. In this paper the design considerations for several types of MMICs and their performance status are presented. Multi-function integrated circuits that advance the MMIC technology are described, including integrated microwave/digital functions and a highly integrated transceiver at C-band.
Sphingomyelinase is part of the 'enterotoxin complex' produced by Bacillus cereus (1993)

The three components of the ‘enterotoxin complex’ [1] have been purified and the sequence of the first 14–15 amino acids of the proteins determined. Limited homology was found in the N-terminal sequence of the three proteins. The molecular mass of the proteins was determined to be 48, 40 and 34 kDa, respectively. Only the 40-kDa protein was toxic to Vero cells, whilst the 34-kDa protein was found to be hemolytic. The sequence of the first 14 N-terminal amino acids of this protein was identical to the sequence of the sphingomyelinase residues 28–41 (the N-terminal after loss of the signal sequence), except for a change from Gln to Glu in position 33 of the sphingomyelinase sequence.
Impaired Regulatory T-Cell Response and Enhanced Atherosclerosis in the Absence of Inducible Costimulatory Molecule (2006)

ICOS has a key role in regulation of atherosclerosis, through its effect on regulatory T-cell responses.
A generic solution for hardware-accelerated remote visualization (2002)

This paper presents a generic solution for hardware-accelerated remote visualization that works transparently for all OpenGL-based applications and OpenGL-based scene graphs. Universality is achieved by taking advantage of dynamic linking, efficient data transfer by means of VNC. The proposed solution does not require any modifications of existing applications and allows for remote visualization with different hardware architectures involved in the visualization process. The library's performance is evaluated using standard OpenGL example programs and by volume rendering substantial data sets.
Thermal Expansion Anomalies at Spin‐Reorientation inSmFe<sub>2</sub>: the Role of the Magnetic Texture (1997)

Temperature dependency of the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) was studied at 4.2– 300K in SmFe 2 ferromagnetic compound having spin‐reorientation temperature near 190 K. We have found a strong effect of the magnetic texture on TEC of this high magnetostrictive compound at the spin‐reorientation phase transition from [1 1] to [1 10] easy direction. The substantial role in the texture formation is expected to belong to atoms of hydrogen that are always present in a small amount in the compounds of such type.
Effect of frequency-mismatched photons in quantum-information processing (2008)

Many promising schemes for quantum information processing (QIP) rely on few-photon interference effects. In these proposals, the photons are treated as being indistinguishable particles. However, single photon sources are typically subject to variation from device to device. Thus the photons emitted from different sources will not be perfectly identical, and there will be some variation in their frequencies. Here, we analyze the effect of this frequency mismatch on QIP schemes. As examples, we consider the distributed QIP protocol proposed by Barrett and Kok [Phys. Rev. A 71, 060310 (2005)], and Hong-Ou-Mandel interference which lies at the heart of many linear optical schemes for quantum computing [E. Knill, R. Laflamme, and G. J. Milburn, Nature (London) 409, 46 (2001); P. Kok, W. J. Munro, K. Nemoto, T. C. Ralph, J. P. Dowling, and G. J. Milburn, Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 135 (2007)]. In the distributed QIP protocol, we find that the fidelity of entangled qubit states depends crucially on the time resolution of single photon detectors. In particular, There is no reduction in the fidelity when an ideal detector model is assumed, while reduced fidelities may be encountered when using realistic detectors with a finite response time. We obtain similar results in the case of Hong-Ou-Mandel interference---with perfect detectors, a modified version of quantum interference is seen, and the visibility of the interference pattern is reduced as the detector time resolution is reduced. Our findings indicate that problems due to frequency mismatch can be overcome, provided sufficiently fast detectors are available.
Convolutional Neural Networks Applied to House Numbers Digit Classification (2012)

We classify digits of real-world house numbers using convolutional neural networks (ConvNets). ConvNets are hierarchical feature learning neural networks whose structure is biologically inspired. Unlike many popular vision approaches that are hand-designed, ConvNets can automatically learn a unique set of features optimized for a given task. We augmented the traditional ConvNet architecture by learning multi-stage features and by using Lp pooling and establish a new state-of-the-art of 94.85% accuracy on the SVHN dataset (45.2% error improvement). Furthermore, we analyze the benefits of different pooling methods and multi-stage features in ConvNets. The source code and a tutorial are available at eblearn.sf.net.
Variance Reduction for Simulated Diffusions (1994)

This article develops some variance reduction techniques for the Monte-Carlo integration of functionals of the solutions of Itô stochastic differential equations (sdes). The Monte-Carlo method for sdes offers a means of calculating solutions to certain types of parabolic partial differential equation and so has applications in various fields including stochastic control, particle physics and econometrics; it involves the representation of the required integrals as means of random variables defined on infinite-dimensional Wiener spaces, which cannot be simulated directly—sthey must at some stage be approximated by variables defined on high, but finite-dimensional spaces. The approach taken here is to construct variance reduced random variables on the infinite-dimensional spaces, which can subsequently be approximated by any of a number of known finite difference methods. The methods of control variates and importance sampling are developed. In both cases, a perfect variate (i.e., one which is unbiased and has zero variance) is first constructed by means of the Funke– Shevlyakov–Haussmann integral representation theorem for functionals of Itô processes. These involve terms which cannot be calculated exactly but which can be approximated to yield unbiased estimators of the desired integrals with reduced variances. A number of methods of approximating these terms are suggested and numerical experiments are performed for one of the methods. The experiments suggest that, at least in some cases, the method can yield variance reduction well worth the additional calculation required.
Bit-interleaved coded differential space-time modulation (2003)

Bit-interleaved coded differential space-time modulation (DSTM) for transmission over flat Rayleigh fading channels is discussed. For improved noncoherent detection without channel state information at the receiver, iterative decoding employing hard-decision feedback and prediction-based metric computation are applied. The performance is assessed based on analytical expressions for the bit-error rate and simulations. For the most relevant case of two transmit antennas, it is shown that the proposed scheme offers high power efficiency exploiting both space and time diversity, while computational complexity is kept at a low level.
The Theory of Stochastic Preference and Brand Switching (1974)

Strong evidence will be introduced which suggests that brand choice behavior is substantially stochastic. A general theory of stochastic preference is presented and tested. Brand switching data are shown to be in substantial agreement with the theory.
Liquid Chromatography with Pulsed Electrochemical Detection at Gold and Platinum Electrodes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid Chromatography with Pulsed Electrochemical Detection at Gold and Platinum ElectrodesDennis C. Johnson and William R. LaCourseCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 10, 589A–597APublication Date (Print):May 15, 1990Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 15 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00209a715https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00209a715research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views845Altmetric-Citations234LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Theory of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy. I. Fundamental equations and low-pressure line shape (1976)

The fundamental relationships for linewidth and resolution for all forms of ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy are derived. Mass resolution and frequency resolution are shown to be numerically identical in all forms of ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy. Theoretical Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT–ICR) spectral line shape has been calculated for the low-pressure limit in which there are essentially no ion–molecule collisions during the observation period. Absorption, dispersion, and magnitude (absolute-value) line shapes are illustrated and discussed. FT–ICR linewidth and resolution are calculated as a function of ionic mass and charge, applied magnetic field strength, and data acquisition time, for various linewidth criteria, and the results are tabulated. FT–ICR linewidth and resolution are then expressed in terms of ionic mass, computer data storage size, and minimum specified ionic mass in the FT–ICR mass range, for various linewidth criteria, and the results are tabulated. Next, FT–ICR upper mass limit is calculated as a function either of ionic charge, applied magnetic field strength, and data acquisition time, or computer data storage size and minimum specified ionic mass in the FT–ICR mass range, and the results are tabulated for several linewidth criteria. For the same observation time and linewidth criterion, FT–ICR zero-pressure resolution is 47% better than with conventional ’’drift’’ cell or ’’trapped-ion’’ cell ICR detection. Finally, the theoretical basis for the FT–ICR spectral segment extraction technique is described, for use in enhancing FT–ICR resolution by several orders of magnitude.
Increasing seed oil content in oil‐seed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) by over‐expression of a yeast glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase under the control of a seed‐specific promoter (2007)

Previous attempts to manipulate oil synthesis in plants have mainly concentrated on the genes involved in the biosynthesis and use of fatty acids, neglecting the possible role of glycerol-3-phosphate supply on the rate of triacylglycerol synthesis. In this study, a yeast gene coding for cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd1) was expressed in transgenic oil-seed rape under the control of the seed-specific napin promoter. It was found that a twofold increase in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity led to a three- to fourfold increase in the level of glycerol-3-phosphate in developing seeds, resulting in a 40% increase in the final lipid content of the seed, with the protein content remaining substantially unchanged. This was accompanied by a decrease in the glycolytic intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate, the direct precursor of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The levels of sucrose and various metabolites in the pathway from sucrose to fatty acids remained unaltered. The results show that glycerol-3-phosphate supply co-limits oil accumulation in developing seeds. This has important implications for strategies that aim to increase the overall level of oil in commercial oil-seed crops for use as a renewable alternative to petrol.
Patterns for HCI and Cognitive Dimensions: two halves of the same story? (2002)

This paper firstly surveys the search for Patterns and Pattern Languages (PL) in HCI, and examines some of the problems that the search has encountered. Secondly, some aspects of the Cognitive Dimensions (CD) framework are examined and I suggest that there may be a relationship between the two endeavours, to the probable enhancement of the pattern endeavour and the possible enhancement of the expression of the CD framework. The first half of the story To make a single narrative of the two endeavours of patterns in HCI and CDs, I shall have to start by telling two separate stories. However, these stories are not equal. I am an “insider ” when it comes to patterns and an “outsider” with regard to CDs. So the patterns story is told from what I know …
Synthesis, Crystallographic Studies and Biological Evaluation of Some 2-Substituted 3-Indazolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinones and 3-Indazolyl-4(3H)-benzotriazinones (1996)

A number of new 3-(indazol-3 and 5-yl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone and 4(3H)-benzotriazinone derivatives were prepared by reaction of 3-or 5-(2-aminobenzamido)indazole with ethyl orthoesters and nitrous acid respectively.Structures were established on the basis of analytical and spectroscopic data.Single-crystal X-ray analysis confirmed the quinazolinone structure of compounds (5).The 4(3H)-quinazolinones and 4(3H)-benzotriazinones were tested at 200 pglml for antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, C. tropicalis and S. aureus, at 100 pM for their antitumor effect on human-lymphoblast-like cells and finally at 500 vM for 3a-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3a-HSD) inhibition.Quinazolin-4(3/-/)-ones and benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones bearing a heferocyclic nucleus at the N-3 position have attracted an attention as sources for new biologically active agents which are associated with a wide range of pharmaceutical properties such as analgesic, antiinflammatory,
Die Moskauer Entscheidung über den Tschetschenien-Krieg - Abläufe, Motive, Akteure - (I) : Verengung von Entscheidungsalternativen und Entscheidungsmotive (1995)

In Moskau wurden 1994 zwei Richtungen in der russischen Tschetschenienpolitik verfolgt: Die eine Richtung vertrat der Nationalitätenminister und Stellvertretende Regierungschef Sergej Sachraj, der den Abschluß eines russisch-tschetschenischen Vertrages nach dem Muster der Verträge Rußlands mit Tatarstan und Baschkortostan anstrebte, unter der Voraussetzung, daß in Tschetschenien freie Wahlen zu allen obersten Staatsorganen abgehalten werden und Moskau Gespräche mit allen politischen Kräften Tschetscheniens führt. Die anderer Richtung wurde von Vladimir Sumejko, dem Vorsitzenden des Föderationsrates, verfolgt, der eine Sonderbehandlung Tschetscheniens ablehnte. Mit der Entlassung Sachrajs als Nationalitätenminister wurde die Verhandlungsoption immer mehr in den Hintergrund gedrängt. Das Hauptmotiv für die militärische Invasion in Tschetschenien war die Präsidentschaftswahl 1996. El'cin wollte in Grosnyj ein Exempel statuieren und sich als entschlossener Führer erweisen, um wiedergewählt zu werden. (BIOst-Mrk)
The Linear and Self Consistent Nonlinear Theory of the Cyclotron Maser Instability (1976)

We have found that it is possible to produce submillimeter microwaves with the cyclotron maser instability at reasonable efficiencies and high power levels. The configuration used to study the instability is shown in Fig. 1. For simplicity we have chosen a parallel plate geometry in which electrons travel along a guide magnetic field and execute gyro orbits in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. It is the perpendicular energy which is responsible for the maser instability. The gyrating electrons interact and feed energy to the electromagnetic TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</inf> modes between the parallel plates. This instability is a relativistic effect and we discuss it in more detail in the section on the Physical Mechanism.
Inhibition of cruzipain visualized in a fluorescence quenched solid-phase inhibitor library assay.D-Amino Acid Inhibitors for cruzipain, cathepsin B and cathepsin L (1998)

A PEGA-resin was derivatized with a 3:1 mixture of hydroxymethyl benzoic acid and Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH and the fluorogenic substrate Ac-Y(NO2)KLRFSKQK(Abz)-PEGA was assembled on the lysine using the active ester approach. Following esterification of the hydroxymethyl benzoic acid with Fmoc-Val-OH a library XXX-k/r-XXXV containing approximately 200,000 beads was assembled by split synthesis. The resulting 'one bead, two peptides' library was subjected to extensive hydrolysis with cruzipain. One hundred darker beads were isolated and the 14 most persistently dark beads were collected and sequenced. The putative inhibitor peptides and several analogues were synthesized and found to be competitive microM to nM inhibitors of cruzipain in solution. The inhibitory activity was found to be unspecific to cruzipain when compared with cathepsins B and L and specific when compared with kallikrein. One of the inhibitors was docked into the active site of cathepsin B and was found most probably to bind to the enzyme cavity in an unusual manner, owing to the inserted D-amino acid residue.
The potential of erythropoietin and related strategies to stimulate erythropoiesis. (2001)

During the 15 years since the cloning of the erythropoietin (EPO) gene, the recombinant hormone has become an extraordinarily successful therapeutic for the treatment of renal and several nonrenal anemias. Considerable insight was gained into the adverse consequences of chronic reduction in hemoglobin levels on quality of life, physiological functions and survival. Precise cost-benefit relationships, however, are still lacking and target hemoglobin levels remain controversial. Nevertheless, given the wide application and potential of erythropoietic stimulation, there is growing interest in alternative but related strategies, including the development of second generation molecule EPO-mimetics, modulators of receptor activity and EPO gene therapy.
Concerning the Origin of Malignant Tumours (2008)

I. Introduction II. Some observations from experimental cytology III. Relevance to the study of tumours IV. The explanatory value of the hypothesis V. Consideration of some objections VI. Conclusion References