gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Pathways: Inhibiting Steroid Biosynthesis in Prostate Cancer (2013)

A significant proportion of castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC) remains driven by ligand activation of the androgen receptor. Although the testes are the primary source of testosterone, testosterone can also be produced from peripheral conversion of adrenal sex hormone precursors DHEA and androstenedione in the prostate and other tissues. CYP17A1 catalyzes two essential reactions in the production of DHEA and androstenedione: the hydroxylation (hydroxylase activity) and the subsequent cleavage of the C17-20 side chain (lyase activity). Potent and selective inhibition of CYP17A1 by abiraterone depletes residual nongonadal androgens and is an effective treatment for CRPC. Elucidation of the mechanisms that underlie resistance to abiraterone will inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies post-abiraterone. Preclinical evidence that androgen biosynthesis in prostate cancer cells does not necessarily follow a single dominant pathway, and residual androgens or alternative ligands (including administered glucocorticoids) can reactivate androgen receptor signaling, supports cotargeting of more than one enzyme involved in steroidogenesis and combining a CYP17A1 inhibitor with an antiandrogen. Furthermore, given the drawbacks of 17α-hydroxylase inhibition, there is considerable interest in developing new CYP17A1 inhibitors that more specifically inhibit lyase activity and are therefore less likely to require glucocorticoid coadministration.
Structure and function of immunoglobulin domains. VII. Studies on the structural requirements of human immunoglobulin G for granulocyte binding. (1978)

In this research an agent-based simulation model AMUSE is being developed for the evacuation behaviour of humans induced by the architectural characteristics of the environment. From previous research the architectural characteristics are interpreted as a list of so-called architectural clue types, which are related to three groups of evacuation strategies with a different priority. The Doorway clue is taken as an example of all the clue types to be investigated. With it a basic research method is explained. With an initial six-variable decision making model, a set of virtual scenes were constructed and implemented in a Head-CAVE system, in which 102 subjects were tested as in an evacuation game. With the Binary Logistic Regression the utility function of the model is estimated indicating how these variables affect human choice on any pair of doorways in a scene. Finally, as a sub-model of AMUSE, the decision making model of the Doorway clues is setup, from which evidence was found that the distance from the decision point to the doorway is not always the most important factor as it is assumed in the other evacuation models.
An annulation method for the synthesis of highly substituted polycyclic aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn annulation method for the synthesis of highly substituted polycyclic aromatic and heteroaromatic compoundsRick L. Danheiser, Ronald G. Brisbois, James J. Kowalczyk, and Raymond F. MillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8, 3093–3100Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00164a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00164a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3120Altmetric-Citations173LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Influence of Online-Store Cue on Consumers Perceived Quality and Online Purchase Intention (2013)

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between cue utilization and perceived website quality and purchase intention...
Progastrin expression in mammalian pancreas. (1990)

Expression and processing of progastrin were examined in fetal, neonatal, and adult pancreatic tissue from five mammalian species (cat, dog, man, pig, and rat). A library of sensitive, sequence-specific immunoassays for progastrin and its products was used to monitor extractions and chromatography before and after cleavage with processing-like enzymes. The results showed that progastrin and its products are expressed in the pancreas of all species in total concentrations varying from 0.3 to 58.9 pmol/g of tissue (medians). The degree of processing was age- and species-dependent. In comparison with adult pancreatic tissue the fetal or neonatal pancreas processed a higher fraction to bioactive, C-terminally amidated gastrin. Nevertheless, the pancreatic processing was always less complete than that of the adult antral mucosa. The moderate level of expression and the attenuated processing in the adult pancreas contribute to explain previous failures to detect gastrin in normal pancreatic tissue. Our results indicate that gastrin-producing tumors in the pancreas are not ectopic, but arise from cells that normally express the gastrin gene.
The presence of rRNA sequences in polyadenylated RNA and its potential functions (2008)

Accumulating evidence has shown that various lengths of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences are widely present in polyadenylated RNA. This review article will discuss these polyadenylated rRNA containing transcripts (PART). PART are highly abundant and widely expressed in various tissues. It appears that there may be two types of PART. One type, type I, contains the rRNA segments (from approximately 10 nucleotides up to several hundred nucleotides) located within the transcripts. It has been demonstrated that short rRNA sequences within type I PART may function as cis-regulatory elements that regulate translational efficiency. The other type, type II, contains large portions or almost entire sequences of rRNA with a cap at the 5' end and poly(A) at 3' end. Recent work has shown that some type II PART have functional significance for some neurodegenerative disease processes and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases. Further investigation in this area is critical to understanding the basic biology of PART and the potential role of PART in diseases.
Distributed Fine-Grained Secure Control of Smart Actuators in Internet of Things (2017)

Internet of Things is a new emerging technology that promises a new era of Internet through encompassing seamlessly physical and digital worlds in one single intelligent ecosystem. This goal is achieved by interconnecting a large number of smart objects from the physical word such as smartphones, sensors, robots, connected cars, etc., to Internet. Nowadays, with the advent of Internet of Things, we need efficient mechanisms to remotely control IoT smart actuators by users and controllers using smartphones and IoT devices. This arises particularly in industrial Cyber-Physical Systems to supervise industrial processes. However, the complex environment of IoT systems makes this task very difficult to achieve regarding the number of connected objects and their resource limitation. In this paper, we tackle the problem of remote secure control of IoT actuators. We propose a distributed lightweight fine-grained access control based on Attribute Based Encryption mechanism and one way hash chain. We conducted security analysis and formal verification using AVISPA. The results demonstrated that our scheme is secure against various attacks. Moreover, the simulation results demonstrated the scalability and the efficiency of our solution, which saves substantially energy consumption and computation costs.
Computer-aided fixture design system for comprehensive modular fixtures (2001)

Fixture design plays an important role at the planning stage before shop-floor production. A desired fixture design can be employed to hold the workpart securely so that slippage and excessive deformation can be prevented during machining. Therefore, appropriate fixturing contributes highly to machining quality. To reduce lead time and the human effort devoted to fixture planning, computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) is required. In this paper, a CAFD system consisting of three modules, i.e. Fixture Data Management, Fixture Element Selection and Fixture Layout Design, is developed. According to fixture feature recognition and classification, a comprehensive fixture database in the Fixture Data Management module is constructed to maintain efficiently the fixture-related data. The domain of the fixture database consists of modular mechanical fixtures, modular hydraulic fixtures and modular V-blocks. After expertise extraction, suitable fixture elements can be automatically selected according to the machining conditions in the Fixture Element Selection module. Finally, by integrating previous reasoning algorithms, fixturing locations and orientations are determined. Feasible fixture layouts that meet manufacturing and inspection specifications can be generated in the Fixture Layout Design module. The prototype system is implemented under commercial CAD and database management system (DBMS) software. Comprehensive fixture databases and a rule-based knowledge base are built to provide effective data management. The paper aims to propose a systematic CAFD framework and application system to provide efficient decision support for different types of fixture planning.
Erratum: ‘‘Gender comparisons of children’s vocal fold contact behavior’’ [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. <b>8</b> <b>8</b>, 1318–1322 (1990)] (1990)

First Page
Total Respiratory Resistance and Reactance in Patients with Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, and Emphysema (1991)

A comparison was made of total respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) determined between 6 and 26 Hz by means of a forced oscillation technique in 27 patients with asthma (group A), 28 patients with chronic bronchitis (group B), and 20 patients with emphysema (group E) to examine whether the method can provide data capable of distinguishing among these diseases. The three groups demonstrated a similar reduction in the FEV1. In addition, static and dynamic lung volumes, maximal expiratory flows, diffusing capacity for CO, airway resistance (Raw), and elastic lung recoil were measured. The observed alterations of Rrs and Xrs consisted of an increase in Rrs, a decrease in Rrs with frequency, and a decrease in Xrs. However, significant differences were found between the three groups: Rrs at 6 Hz and average Rrs were most increased in group A, whereas the negative frequency dependence of Rrs and the decrease in Xrs were least pronounced in group E. In all groups Rrs at 6 Hz, the average slope of Rrs, and the average level of Xrs were tightly interrelated and showed in addition a high correlation with airway resistance; the correlations with FEV1 were less satisfactory. Discriminant analysis performed on the complete set of data, excluding diffusing capacity and elastic lung recoil, which were used as selection criteria, demonstrated that forced oscillation parameters were the most important factors discriminating among the groups.
Intramolecular Chiral Relay at Stereogenic Nitrogen. Synthesis and Application of a New Chiral Auxiliary Derived from (1<i>R</i>,2<i>S</i>)-Norephedrine and Acetone (2004)

(1R,2S)-Norephedrine has been employed in the synthesis of a novel 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-2-one via reductive alkylation with acetone, N-nitrosation, reduction, and cyclization. The oxadiazinone was treated with either propionyl chloride or 3-thiophenylpropionyl chloride to afford the corresponding N(3)-acylated oxadiazinones 9a and 9b, respectively. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the N(3)-thiophenylpropionyl oxadiazinone 9b revealed that the C(2)-urethane carbonyl and the N(3)-carbonyl are arranged in an anti-periplanar conformation. The oxadiazinones were subsequently applied in the titanium-mediated asymmetric aldol addition reaction by treatment with titanium tetrachloride, triethylamine, and a variety of aldehydes at 0 degrees C. The aldol adducts 10a-i and 11a,b were found to have diastereoselectivities ranging from 8:1 to >99:1 favoring the formation of the non-Evans syn configuration. The absolute stereochemistry of the adduct 10a was determined by acid hydrolysis. This process afforded the N(4)-isopropyloxadiazinone 8 and (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phenylpropanoic acid 14 in >/=95% enantiomeric excess.
The studies on the active peptide on smooth muscle in the skin of Rana rugosa, Thr6-bradykinin and its analogous peptide, ranakinin-R. (1979)

Thr6-bradykinin and three kinds of its analogous peptides have been isolated from the methanol extract of the fresh skin of Rana rugosa. The longest bradykinin analogue, Thr6-bradykinyl-Ile-Ala-Pro-Glu-Ile-Val, was named ranakinin-R. Serotonin was also identified in the extract. The new peptide which contracts the rat uterus, guinea pig gall bladder and is hypertensive, was isolated and suggested to be the ranatensin or bombesin analogue by these pharmacological properties and by partial sequence analysis of the peptide.
Brachial endothelial function is impaired in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (2002)

This is the first study using brachial artery ultrasound imaging to evaluate endothelium function in SLE. Patients with SLE presented lower flow mediated dilation (endothelium dependent dilation) than sex and age-matched controls, even in patients without traditional cardiovascular risk factors and this may represent an early atherosclerotic process.
Surface Conductivity of Lead Silicate Glass after Hydrogen Treatment (1951)

Conductivity was developed in the surface layer of a lead silicate glass containing 61% lead oxide by certain prescribed hydrogen treatments. The conducting layer was found to be from 50 to 100 a.u. thick. The specific resistance was 800 ohm‐cm., or more, depending on the hydrogen treatment. The ratio of hot‐to‐cold resistance was constant for various values of cold resistance. This showed that the conducting substance was a semiconductor, probably with reduced lead atoms serving as the centers which supplied the electrons. Their density was found to be one‐millionth of the total density of lead atoms in the glass. The remainder of the lead gathered into aggregates which gave the glass a black color but made no contribution to the conductivity. A coating of this glass was applied to porcelain by powdering, spraying, and firing the glass. After hydrogen treatment the coating had a resistance of about 1000 megohms per square, which could be increased to higher values by treatment in boiling water. The coating was stable at voltage gradients up to 100 kv. per in. when the resistance was high enough to keep the wattage input below about 0.2 watt per sq. in. The resistance increased with increasing temperature, corresponding to bk = 0.065 e.v. at 25° to 100°C. and bk = 0.11 e.v. at 335° to 440°C.
Development of the Tactile Sensor System of a Human-Interactive Robot “RI-MAN” (2008)

Human-interactive robots, such as those used for nursing, which share humans' environments and interact with them, should be covered with soft areal tactile sensors for safety and dexterous manipulation. We report the successful development of the tactile sensor system of our human-interactive robot named RI-MAN, which can lift up a dummy human.
Verkehrspolitik (2008)

Das Jahrbuch der Europäischen Integration des Instituts für Europäische Politik (iep) dokumentiert und bilanziert seit 1980 zeitnah und detailliert den europäischen Integrationsprozess.
Numerical analysis of transient photoconductivity in insulators (1982)

The nonlinear partial differential equations which describe transient photoconductivity in insulators are solved numerically. Trapping and recombination are included which allows photoconduction to be studied in the presence of large space charge. Use of methods for ‘‘stiff’’ differential equations insures stable time dependent solutions even for problems which have widely different time constants. The program is applied to a thin film (1000 Å) of silicon dioxide to illustrate the salient features of the numerical solutions and the capabilities of the program.
Barbiturate Protection From Cerebral Infarction in Primates (1975)

Baboons were anesthetized with halothane or pentobarbital prior to middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion to test the protective effect of barbiturates against stroke in primates. Significantly less infarction was found in animals that received 90 mg per kilogram pentobarbital or more than occurred in control animals. Because of cardiovascular and ventilatory complications at high doses of barbiturate, however, therapeutic trials to suppress stroke in the human must await further identification of an effective regimen which includes a safe barbiturate dose.
MIMO-OFDM Channel Estimation with Eigenbeamforming and User-Specific Reference Signals (2009)

MIMO-OFDM systems with channel reciprocity allow spatial multiplexing using eigenbeamforming. However, eigenbeamforming requires singular value decomposition, which is phase ambiguous and causes the precoded channel to become phase discontinuous in frequency domain. This changes statistical properties of channel components, which degrades the performance of channel estimation. In this paper we propose phase unifying method to improve channel statistics and consequently decrease the error in channel estimation. In addition, we investigate the 2D-Wiener channel estimation with respect to different channel frequency correlation functions. The performance is evaluated using LTE link simulator.
<scp>HLA‐DRB1</scp>, ‐<scp>DRB3</scp>, ‐<scp>DRB4</scp> and ‐<scp>DRB5</scp> genotyping at a super‐high resolution level by long range <scp>PCR</scp> and high‐throughput sequencing (2013)

Super high-resolution single molecule sequence-based typing (SS-SBT) is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DNA typing method to the field 4 level of allelic resolution (formerly known as eight-digit typing) to efficiently detect new and null alleles without phase ambiguity by combination of long ranged polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. We previously reported the development and application of the SS-SBT method for the eight classical HLA loci, A, B, C, DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1 and DPB1. In this article, we describe the development of the SS-SBT method for three DRB1 linked loci, DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5 (DRB3/4/5) and characterization of DRB1-DRB3/4/5 haplotype structures to the field 4 level. Locus specific PCR primers for DRB3/4/5 were designed to amplify the gene regions from intron 1 to exon 6 [3' untranslated region (3'UTR)]. In total 20 DRB1 and 13 DRB3/4/5 allele sequences were determined by the SS-SBT to the field 4 level without phase ambiguity using 19 DR51, DR52 and DR53 positive genomic DNA samples obtained from Japanese. Moreover, 18 DRB1-DRB3/4/5 haplotypes were estimated to the field 4 level by the SS-SBT method in contrast to 10 haplotypes estimated by conventional methods to the field 1 level (formerly known as two digit typing). Therefore, DRB1-DRB3/4/5 haplotyping by SS-SBT is expected to provide informative data for improved HLA matching in medical research, transplantation procedures, HLA-related disease studies and human population diversity studies.
Automated test of ECUs in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation environment (2003)

This paper describes the application of real-time simulation tools and how automation techniques can be used during the development process of modern automotive electronic control units (ECUs) in order to effectively meet the demands placed by the increasing complexity of the software and the resulting intricate ECU tests. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation along with test automation is increasingly important for the efficient integration of production type engine ECUs. With more and more manufacturers relying on independent suppliers, the need for automatically testing black box systems, including closed-loop and open-loop functions, self-diagnoses, failure memory management and the triggering of failure lamps, becomes paramount.
Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems: Formulation Insights, Applications and Advances (2010)

There has been a resurgence of interest in nanoemulsions for various pharmaceutical applications since low-energy emulsification methods, such as spontaneous or self-nanoemulsification, have been described. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are anhydrous homogenous liquid mixtures consisting of oil, surfactant, drug and coemulsifier or solubilizer, which spontaneously form oil-in-water nanoemulsion of approximately 200 nm or less in size upon dilution with water under gentle stirring. The physicochemical properties, drug solubilization capacity and physiological fate considerably govern the selection of the SNEDDS components. The composition of the SNEDDS can be optimized with the help of phase diagrams, whereas statistical experimental design can be used to further optimize SNEDDS. SNEDDS can improve oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs by several mechanisms. The conversion of liquid SNEDDS to solid oral dosage forms or solid SNEDDS has also been achieved by researchers. Solid SNEDDS can offer better patient compliance and minimize problems associated with capsules filled with liquid SNEDDS.
Helical Wire Stresses in Bent Cables (1988)

An approximate theory is developed to determine the compound stress state existing in helical wires of a cable bent through a planar circular arc. Approximations arise through the treatment of the frictional interface between layers of wires. Furthermore, all materials are assumed to be linearly elastic. The model does, however, recognize geometric nonlinearities in terms of the strain-displacement relations for wire elongation and curvature. The theory presented reveals the nature of axial, bending and torsional shearing stresses produced in round helical wires. Comparisons with experimental data show reasonable agreement.