gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new myelomonoblastic cell line (M20): analysis of properties, differentiation, and comparison with other established lines of similar origin. (1985)

A new myelomonoblastic cell line (M20) was established from the peripheral blood of a ten-year-old child with acute myeloblastic leukemia, using an improved method for supporting the initial stages of cell proliferation. The addition of irradiated macrophage monolayers to the proliferating cells appeared to overcome the deterioration of the primary cultures and enable them to continue proliferating until they became independent of this environment. The cell line that developed consisted of myeloblasts and promyelocytes characterized by light and scanning electron microscopy, cytochemistry, and enzymatic activities. The cells expressed Fc receptors and WT1 antigens but did not exhibit HLA-DR, HMA1, Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen, and surface Ig. The M20 cells produced colonies when cultured in semisolid medium and secreted lysozyme, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin 1. An attempt was also made to analyse the position of the M20 cells in the scheme of differentiation of the myelomonocytic lineage using different approaches. Treatment of the cells with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate induced their adherence to plastic surfaces and partial maturation to macrophages as judged by morphological criteria, cytochemistry, and enzyme activities. However, comparison of the M20 cells to other well-established myelomonoblastic cell lines did not reveal any pattern suggesting a possible relationship between surface markers, cell function, and differentiation pathway of the various cell lines tested. Establishment of additional cell lines and identification of new markers may assist in defining the mechanisms involved in normal differentiation and malignant transformation of this cell lineage. In addition, such cell lines may also provide a tool for the quantitative recovery of a variety of monokines.
Exquisite Sensitivity of TP53 Mutant and Basal Breast Cancers to a Dose-Dense Epirubicin−Cyclophosphamide Regimen (2007)

This study demonstrates that, in noninflammatory breast cancers, TP53 status is a key predictive factor for response to this dose-dense epirubicin-cyclophosphamide regimen and further suggests that the basal subtype is exquisitely sensitive to this association. Given the well-established predictive value of complete responses for long-term survival and the poor prognosis of basal and TP53-mutant tumors treated with other regimens, this chemotherapy could be particularly suited for breast cancer patients with a mutant TP53, particularly those with basal features.
Effect of Alumina Content on the Oxidation of Hot‐Pressed Silicon Carbide (1975)

The oxidation behavior at 1370°C of dense SiC, hot‐pressed with the aid of Al 2 O 3 , has been investigated as a function of Al 2 O 3 content. Increasing amounts of the Al 2 O 3 hot‐pressing aid increased the oxidation rate. Observations of the oxide surface show that a glassy phase (indicating formation of a liquid at the oxidation temperature) containing Si, Al, Fe, and K forms over the residual Al 2 O 3 in the hot‐pressed material. It is suggested that the oxygen transport through an impure aluminosilicate liquid is faster than that through a pure SiO 2 scale, thus causing an increased oxidation rate.
von Willebrand factor in factor VIII concentrates protects against neutralization by factor VIII antibodies of haemophilia A patients (2001)

We investigated the neutralization activity of factor VIII (FVIII) antibodies of 12 haemophilia A patients, acquired during treatment with plasma‐derived FVIII concentrates. All plasma samples, drawn in a clinically stable situation before any immunotolerance treatment, contained anti‐A2 domain and anti‐light‐chain FVIII antibodies. In nine patients’ plasmas, containing relatively high amounts of FVIII light‐chain antibodies (53–96%), a higher neutralization activity was found against recombinant FVIII concentrate (Recombinate) than against plasma‐derived von Willebrand factor (vWF)‐containing concentrate (Haemoctin SDH). No difference in neutralization of the two concentrates was found in two patients’ plasmas with almost equal content of FVIII light‐ and heavy‐chain antibodies, or one plasma with predominantly heavy‐chain antibodies. These results suggest that haemophilia A patients with relatively high amounts of FVIII light‐chain antibodies in plasma might benefit by infusion of FVIII concentrates containing vWF because vWF appears to have some protective effect on FVIII. This hypothesis should be tested by a clinical study.
Comparison of Deep Learning and Conventional Demosaicing Algorithms for Mastcam Images (2019)

Bayer pattern filters have been used in many commercial digital cameras. In National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) mast camera (Mastcam) imaging system, onboard the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity, a Bayer pattern filter is being used to capture the RGB (red, green, and blue) color of scenes on Mars. The Mastcam has two cameras: left and right. The right camera has three times better resolution than that of the left. It is well known that demosaicing introduces color and zipper artifacts. Here, we present a comparative study of demosaicing results using conventional and deep learning algorithms. Sixteen left and 15 right Mastcam images were used in our experiments. Due to a lack of ground truth images for Mastcam data from Mars, we compared the various algorithms using a blind image quality assessment model. It was observed that no one algorithm can work the best for all images. In particular, a deep learning-based algorithm worked the best for the right Mastcam images and a conventional algorithm achieved the best results for the left Mastcam images. Moreover, subjective evaluation of five demosaiced Mastcam images was also used to compare the various algorithms.
Factored 3-Way Restricted Boltzmann Machines For Modeling Natural Images (2010)

Deep belief nets have been successful in modeling handwritten characters, but it has proved more difficult to apply them to real images. The problem lies in the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) which is used as a module for learning deep belief nets one layer at a time. The Gaussian-Binary RBMs that have been used to model real-valued data are not a good way to model the covariance structure of natural images. We propose a factored 3-way RBM that uses the states of its hidden units to represent abnormalities in the local covariance structure of an image. This provides a probabilistic framework for the widely used simple/complex cell architecture. Our model learns binary features that work very well for object recognition on the “tiny images” data set. Even better features are obtained by then using standard binary RBM’s to learn a deeper model.
Seeing Spatial Form (2005)

Abstract Spatial form pertains to surfaces with spatial extent. Seeing spatial form requires separating a surface from its background, which is a process called parsing. This chapter discusses how the brain processes spatial form. It also provides the structure of the book.
Exploiting Dining Preference for Restaurant Recommendation (2016)

The wide adoption of location-based services provide the potential to understand people's mobility pattern at an unprecedented level, which can also enable food-service industry to accurately predict consumers' dining behavior. In this paper, based on users' dining implicit feedbacks (restaurant visit via check-ins), explicit feedbacks (restaurant reviews) as well as some meta data (e.g., location, user demographics, restaurant attributes), we aim at recommending each user a list of restaurants for his next dining. Implicit and Explicit feedbacks of dining behavior exhibit different characteristics of user preference. Therefore, in our work, user's dining preference mainly contains two parts: implicit preference coming from check-in data (implicit feedbacks) and explicit preference coming from rating and review data (explicit feedbacks). For implicit preference, we first apply a probabilistic tensor factorization model (PTF) to capture preference in a latent subspace. Then, in order to incorporate contextual signals from meta data, we extend PTF by proposing an Implicit Preference Model (IPM), which can simultaneously capture users'/restaurants'/time' preference in the collaborative filtering and dining preference in a specific context (e.g., spatial distance preference, environmental preference). For explicit preference, we propose Explicit Preference Model (EPM) by combining matrix factorization with topic modeling to discover the user preference embedded both in rating score and text content. Finally, we design a unified model termed as Collective Implicit Explicit Preference Model (CIEPM) to combine implicit and explicit preference together for restaurant recommendation. To evaluate the performance of our system, we conduct extensive experiments with large-scale datasets covering hundreds of thousands of users and restaurants. The results reveal that our system is effective for restaurant recommendation.
Effects of human body interference on the performance of a GPS antenna (2007)

Global Positioning System (GPS) provides navigation and positioning services to millions of users worldwide. Evolution of GPS mobile receivers added to its popularity and made it an essential element of wireless body area networks (WBAN) and wireless personal area networks (WPAN). Human body is the integral part of such applications and affects their performance. This paper investigates the effects of human body on the performance of a GPS antenna in LI frequency band considering various antenna-body separations, different antenna positions on the body and various body postures. These effects are studied and analysed via electromagnetic simulations.
The Global Positioning System: challenges in bringing GPS to mainstream consumers (2002)

As human society enters the age of increasing mobility, location awareness becomes an important attribute of the mobile communications infrastructure. Access to location information combined with appropriate infrastructure elements will (1) enable one to find the way around and reach destinations in the most efficient manner; (2) track loved ones and provide them with emergency assistance when needed; (3) develop and get location-based services; and (4) filter the incoming information based on the location. Global Positioning System (GPS) is an infrastructure that provides instant location information anywhere in the world, at any time of the day under any weather conditions.
Targeted pharmacological treatment of autism spectrum disorders: fragile X and Rett syndromes (2015)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are genetically and clinically heterogeneous and lack effective medications to treat their core symptoms. Studies of syndromic ASDs caused by single gene mutations have provided insights into the pathophysiology of autism. Fragile X and Rett syndromes belong to the syndromic ASDs in which preclinical studies have identified rational targets for drug therapies focused on correcting underlying neural dysfunction. These preclinical discoveries are increasingly translating into exciting human clinical trials. Since there are significant molecular and neurobiological overlaps among ASDs, targeted treatments developed for fragile X and Rett syndromes may be helpful for autism of different etiologies. Here, we review the targeted pharmacological treatment of fragile X and Rett syndromes and discuss related issues in both preclinical studies and clinical trials of potential therapies for the diseases.
WATER QUALITY IN LONG LAKE, MINNESOTA, FOLLOWING RIPLOX SEDIMENT TREATMENT (1986)

ABSTRACT The water quality of the south basin of Long Lake, Minn. was monitored following Ca(NO3)2 application in May 1984. The NO2 + NO3 −N concentration was elevated throughout the water column in 1984, but declined to pretreatment levels by 1985. Growing season mean total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations were similar to pretreatment years. The impact of sediment Ca(NO3)2 treatment on midsummer water quality in Long Lake was slight because of external loading. Sediment composition and residual NO3 −N may limit the usefulness of this technique in many lakes.
Immunization with a Recombinant Stage-Regulated Surface Protein from <i>Leishmania donovani</i> Induces Protection Against Visceral Leishmaniasis (2000)

Vaccination against visceral leishmaniasis has received limited attention compared with cutaneous leishmaniasis, although the need for an effective vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis is pressing. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that a recombinant stage-specific hydrophilic surface protein of Leishmania donovani, recombinant hydrophilic acylated surface protein B1 (HASPB1), is able to confer protection against experimental challenge. Protection induced by rHASPB1 does not require adjuvant and, unlike soluble Leishmania Ag + IL-12, extends to the control of parasite burden in the spleen, an organ in which parasites usually persist and are refractory to a broad range of immunological and chemotherapeutic interventions. Both immunohistochemistry (for IL-12p40) and enzyme-linked immunospot assay (for IL-12p70) indicate that immunization with rHASPB1 results in IL-12 production by dendritic cells, although an analysis of Ab isotype responses to rHASPB1 suggests that this response is not sufficient in magnitude to induce a polarized Th1 response. Although both vaccinated and control-infected mice have equivalent frequencies of rHASPB1-specific CD4(+) T cells producing IFN-gamma, vaccine-induced protection correlates with the presence of rHASPB1-specific, IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells. Thus, we have identified a novel vaccine candidate Ag for visceral leishmaniasis, which appears to operate via a mechanism similar to that previously associated with DNA vaccination.
DeepID-Net: multi-stage and deformable deep convolutional neural networks for object detection (2014)

In this paper, we propose multi-stage and deformable deep convolutional neural networks for object detection. This new deep learning object detection diagram has innovations in multiple aspects. In the proposed new deep architecture, a new deformation constrained pooling (def-pooling) layer models the deformation of object parts with geometric constraint and penalty. With the proposed multi-stage training strategy, multiple classifiers are jointly optimized to process samples at different difficulty levels. A new pre-training strategy is proposed to learn feature representations more suitable for the object detection task and with good generalization capability. By changing the net structures, training strategies, adding and removing some key components in the detection pipeline, a set of models with large diversity are obtained, which significantly improves the effectiveness of modeling averaging. The proposed approach ranked \#2 in ILSVRC 2014. It improves the mean averaged precision obtained by RCNN, which is the state-of-the-art of object detection, from $31\%$ to $45\%$. Detailed component-wise analysis is also provided through extensive experimental evaluation.
<i>In vivo</i> magnetic resonance imaging of sodium in the human body (1988)

Sodium magnetic resonance imaging of the human body in vivo has been tried and its clinical application is considered. A short T2 imaging algorithm with total volume excitation and a specialized RF coil focused to the region of interest have been adopted to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Using a 1.5-T human body imaging system, several important organs including heart, liver, gallbladder, kidney, and spine have been examined to demonstrate their sodium concentration in vivo.
Monitoring of Construction Performance Using Daily Progress Photograph Logs and 4D As-Planned Models (2009)

Early detection of actual or potential schedule delay in field construction activities is vital to project management. This entails project managers to design, implement, and maintain a systematic approach for construction progress monitoring to identify, process and communicate discrepancies between actual and as-planned performances as soon as possible. To achieve this goal, this research focuses on exploring application of unordered daily progress photograph logs — available on any construction site — as a data collection technique. Our approach is based on computing- from the images themselves- the photographer's locations and orientations, along with a sparse 3D geometric representation of the as-built site using daily progress photographs and superimposition of the reconstructed scene over as-planned 4D models. Within such an environment, progress photographs are registered in the virtual as-planned environment allowing a large unstructured collection of daily construction images to be sorted, interactively browsed and explored. In addition, sparse reconstructed scenes superimposed over 4D models allow site images to be geo-registered with the as-planned components and consequently, location-based image processing technique to be implemented and progress data to be extracted automatically. The results of progress comparison between as-planned and as-built performances are visualized in a 4D Augmented Reality environment (D4AR) using a traffic light metaphor. We present our results on two ongoing construction projects and discuss implementation and future potential enhancement of this new technology in construction.
[Study of the structure of model and biological membranes by neutron diffraction]. (1986)

A model multilamellar structure of dipalmitoyl lecithin was studied with neutron time-of-flight diffractometer. The acquired data permit determination of structure factors and calculation of the bilayer density profile.
An Efficient Secret Key Homomorphic Encryption Used in Image Processing Service (2017)

Homomorphic encryption can protect user’s privacy when operating on user’s data in cloud computing. But it is not practical for wide using as the data and services types in cloud computing are diverse. Among these data types, digital image is an important personal data for users. There are also many image processing services in cloud computing. To protect user’s privacy in these services, this paper proposed a scheme using homomorphic encryption in image processing. Firstly, a secret key homomorphic encryption (IGHE) was constructed for encrypting image. IGHE can operate on encrypted floating numbers efficiently to adapt to the image processing service. Then, by translating the traditional image processing methods into the operations on encrypted pixels, the encrypted image can be processed homomorphically. That is, service can process the encrypted image directly, and the result after decryption is the same as processing the plain image. To illustrate our scheme, three common image processing instances were given in this paper. The experiments show that our scheme is secure, correct, and efficient enough to be used in practical image processing applications.
Extraction of roads from topological maps using a parallel extraction algorithm (1985)

Abstract One of the most important techniques in drawing recognition and understanding is to extract the effective components from a complex image according to the purpose of analysis. This paper considers the map which is the most complex among images, and describes an automatic method to extract roads. In general, roads are represented in the map by parallel lines. Consequently, the extraction of roads from a map is formulated as a problem of extracting parallel lines. A method is proposed which directly extracts parallel lines from the image and describes the parallel lines by the spacing and the path of the central line. Two technical problems are contained in this approach. One is the parallel‐line extraction, which extracts parallel‐line areas (inside the parallel lines) from the image, and the other is the line vectorization, which determines the coordinates for the path line of the extracted area. For the latter, numerous proposals have been made such as line‐image thinning and line tracing, and the problem is almost solved. From such a viewpoint, this paper discusses primarily the former, i.e., the parallel‐line extraction. One of the difficult problems in the extraction of parallel lines from the image is the processing of the area where parallel lines intersect. A generalized expansion‐contraction of the image is proposed to solve this problem. The proposed method is applied to a map issued by the National Geographical Institute, and is verified as effective as a method of road extraction.
Dose Response and Dose Equivalence of Antipsychotics (2004)

We review evidence from randomized, placebo-controlled studies of patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, which compared 2 or more doses of an antipsychotic to calculate the dose-response curve for each first-generation (typical) antipsychotic (FGA) or second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic (SGA) and as a group (based on dose equivalence). We identified the near-maximal effective dose (ED; ie, the threshold dose necessary to produce all or almost all the clinical responses for each drug). In randomized, fixed-dose studies of SGAs, the near-maximal efficacy dose for olanzapine may be greater than 16 mg; for risperidone, it is 4 mg; and for ziprasidone, it is 120 mg. Risperidone at 2 mg daily is 50% less efficacious than higher doses. Olanzapine at about 6 mg is approximately 33% less effective than higher doses. Aripiprazole at 10 mg daily was fully efficacious. Doses of clozapine well above 400 mg are necessary for optimal treatment of many schizophrenia patients. We found 3.3 to 10 mg haloperidol to be the near-maximal ED range. We find no evidence that doses higher than these are more effective. We failed to find that high doses of haloperidol (or all other first-generation comparison drugs converted to equivalent doses) were less effective than medium doses (3.3 to 10 mg). While high-dose FGAs are not less effective, we feel it is important not to avoid using high dose to avoid excessive toxicity.
Synthesis of certain benzo- and pyridodiazepines likely to possess tranquilizing effect. (1977)

The synthesis of certain 1.5-benzodiazepinediones, some of their oxygen-free analogues and a number of the 7-nitro derivatives is described. Condensation of 3.4-diaminopyridine with diethylmalonate instead of affording the expected pyridodiazepine, yielded an imidazopyridine, the structure of which was inferred from spectral data Nevertheless, the pyridodiazepine was obtained by condensing the diamino-heterocycle with malonyl dichloride.
High yield synthesis of high-silica chabazite by combining the role of zeolite precursors and tetraethylammonium: SCR of NOx (2015)

The synthesis of chabazite with high solid yields is achieved by the rational combination of directing effects of a source of Si and Al coming from USY zeolites and the inexpensive tetraethylammonium. Moreover, Cu-CHA materials prepared by post-synthetic and "one-pot" methodologies show high activity and stability for SCR of NOx.
Diagnostic Techniques in the Differential Diagnosis of Abduction Deficits (2000)

Having lots of diagnostic tests available to evaluate limitation of abduction does not warrant using them all on every patient. Sample questions are offered to help direct the history taking and best uncover the patient's presenting symptoms, chief complaint and past medical history. Only those diagnostic testing techniques which would benefit the individual patient are suggested as part of the diagnostic work up. Tests discussed include simple assessment and methods of documenting ductions and versions in infants and adults, OKN, Doll's Head Maneuver, prism and cover testing, clinical and formal EOG assessment of saccadic velocities, binocular visual field testing, Hess/Lees Screen, forced ductions, force generations, EMG, differential IOP, Tensilon® and dynamic MRI testing.