gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Open URL: linking through the maze of online resources (2004)

OpenURL is an open NISO (National Information Standards Organization) standard that facilitates linking from a citation or other electronic resource to journal full texts and related online resources which are licensed and accessible through a user’s library. It is also known as dynamic context sensitive reference linking. What does this mean? It’s a seemingly simple but very powerful concept, linking search tools with full texts on-the-fly and bringing them under one umbrella that points to where a user is located (the institutional context), and the resources available via that institution. OpenURL, as I discovered, is a kind of fairy story that came true, of taming the Web non-commercially, of bringing library and user control into the online publishing and research equation.
Intramolecular Disulfide Bond Is a Critical Check Point Determining Degradative Fates of ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter ABCG2 Protein (2007)

Human ABCG2 belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family and plays an important role in various biological reactions, such as xenobiotic elimination and homeostasis of protoporphyrin. We previously reported that ABCG2 exists in the plasma membrane as a homodimer bound via a disulfide bond at Cys-603. In the present study, we examined the importance of an intramolecular disulfide bond for stability of the ABCG2 protein. Substitution of either Cys-592 or Cys-608 located in the extracellular loop to glycine resulted in a significant decrease in protein levels of ABCG2 when expressed in Flp-In-293 cells. Interestingly, the protein levels of those ABCG2 variants were remarkably enhanced by treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Concomitantly, increases in ubiquitinated forms of those variant proteins were detected by immunoprecipitation. In contrast, neither the protein level nor the ubiquitinated state of the ABCG2 wild-type (WT) was affected by MG132 treatment. Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation is suggested to be involved in degradation of misfolded ABCG2 proteins lacking the intramolecular disulfide bond. On the other hand, the protein level of ABCG2 WT increased more than 4-fold when cells were treated with bafilomycin A(1), which inhibits lysosomal degradation, whereas the C592G or C608G variant was little affected by the same treatment. These results strongly suggest that two distinct pathways exist for protein degradation of ABCG2 WT and mutants lacking the intramolecular disulfide bond. Namely, the WT ABCG2 is degraded in lysosomes, and the misfolded ABCG2 lacking intramolecular disulfide bond undergoes ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation in proteasomes.
Ligament-Bone Interaction in a Three-Dimensional Model of the Knee (1991)

In mathematical knee-joint models, the ligaments are usually represented by straight-line elements, connecting the insertions of the femur and tibia. Such a model may not be valid if a ligament is bent in its course over bony-surfaces, particularly not if the resulting redirection of the ligament force has a considerable effect on the laxity or motion characteristics of the knee-joint model. In the present study, a model for wrapping of a ligament around bone was incorporated in a three-dimensional mathematical model of the human knee. The bony edge was described by a curved line on which the contact point of the line element representing a ligament bundle was located. Frictionless contact between the ligament bundle and the bone was assumed. This model was applied to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) interacting with the bony edge of the tibia. It was found that, in comparison with the original model without bony interactions, the bony edge redirected the ligament force of the MCL in such a way that it counterbalanced valgus moments on the tibia more effectively. The effect of the bony interaction with the MCL on the internal-external rotation laxity, however, was negligible.
Soluble HLA-G is an independent factor for the prediction of pregnancy outcome after ART: a German multi-centre study (2010)

This study provides significant evidence that the morphological scoring system is still the best strategy for the selection of embryos but that sHLA-G might be considered as a second parameter if a choice has to be made between embryos of morphologically equal quality.
Novel Human Butyrylcholinesterase Variants: Toward Organophosphonate Detoxication (2014)

Human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE) is currently being developed as a detoxication enzyme for stoichiometric binding and/or catalytic hydrolysis of organophosphates. Herein, we describe the use of a molecular evolution method to develop novel hBChE variants with increased resistance to stereochemically defined nerve agent model compounds of soman, sarin, and cyclosarin. Novel hBChE variants (Y332S, D340H, and Y332S/D340H) were identified with an increased resistance to nerve agent model compounds that retained robust intrinsic catalytic efficiency. Molecular dynamics simulations of these variants revealed insights into the mechanism by which these structural changes conferred nerve agent model compound resistance.
MSH3 Polymorphisms and Protein Levels Affect CAG Repeat Instability in Huntington's Disease Mice (2013)

Expansions of trinucleotide CAG/CTG repeats in somatic tissues are thought to contribute to ongoing disease progression through an affected individual's life with Huntington's disease or myotonic dystrophy. Broad ranges of repeat instability arise between individuals with expanded repeats, suggesting the existence of modifiers of repeat instability. Mice with expanded CAG/CTG repeats show variable levels of instability depending upon mouse strain. However, to date the genetic modifiers underlying these differences have not been identified. We show that in liver and striatum the R6/1 Huntington's disease (HD) (CAG)∼100 transgene, when present in a congenic C57BL/6J (B6) background, incurred expansion-biased repeat mutations, whereas the repeat was stable in a congenic BALB/cByJ (CBy) background. Reciprocal congenic mice revealed the Msh3 gene as the determinant for the differences in repeat instability. Expansion bias was observed in congenic mice homozygous for the B6 Msh3 gene on a CBy background, while the CAG tract was stabilized in congenics homozygous for the CBy Msh3 gene on a B6 background. The CAG stabilization was as dramatic as genetic deficiency of Msh2. The B6 and CBy Msh3 genes had identical promoters but differed in coding regions and showed strikingly different protein levels. B6 MSH3 variant protein is highly expressed and associated with CAG expansions, while the CBy MSH3 variant protein is expressed at barely detectable levels, associating with CAG stability. The DHFR protein, which is divergently transcribed from a promoter shared by the Msh3 gene, did not show varied levels between mouse strains. Thus, naturally occurring MSH3 protein polymorphisms are modifiers of CAG repeat instability, likely through variable MSH3 protein stability. Since evidence supports that somatic CAG instability is a modifier and predictor of disease, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that variable levels of CAG instability associated with polymorphisms of DNA repair genes may have prognostic implications for various repeat-associated diseases.
Measurement of skin temperatures of active subjects by wireless telemetry. (1978)

A new sensor has been developed for measurement of skin temperatures of active human subjects that consists of a radio transmitter circuit incorporating a skin thermistor in a small epoxy slab or "tab." These tabs are reuseable, being large enough to permit battery replacement if required. They are glued to a subject's skin (thermistor side facing the skin) with a quick-setting adhesive and are easily removed after a 10-h period with an appropriate solvent. Thermal information is easily obtained from the sensor by a hand-held calibrated radio receiver accurate to +/- 0.1 degree C. This technique permits easy and rapid documentation of the thermal stress of active human subjects without interfering with their activity or clothing.
4-chloroindole-3-acetic and indole-3-acetic acids in Pisum sativum (1997)

Endogenous IAA and 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid (4-C1-IAA) were analysed in vegetative and reproductive tissues of the garden pea (Pisum sativum) using GC-MS selected ion monitoring in the presence of stable-isotope labelled internal standards. In fruit collected 3–8 days after anthesis (DAA) conjugates of both auxins were more abundant than the free hormones. Auxin levels (ng g−1 fr. wt) in the seeds were higher by 1–2 orders of magnitude than in the pericarps. However, as seeds are small at this stage, the pericarp nevertheless contains a substantial fraction of the overall quantity of IAA and 4-C1-IAA. While, in young fruit tissues, IAA was more abundant than 4-C1-IAA, the opposite was true for seeds at the ‘table-ready’ stage and for roots of nine-day-old seedlings. Our data suggest that both IAA and 4-C1-IAA are required to coordinate the vegetative and reproductive growth of pea plants. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
Wavelet analysis of epileptic spikes (2003)

Interictal spikes and sharp waves in human EEG are characteristic signatures of epilepsy. These potentials originate as a result of synchronous pathological discharge of many neurons. The reliable detection of such potentials has been the long standing problem in EEG analysis, especially after long-term monitoring became common in investigation of epileptic patients. The traditional definition of a spike is based on its amplitude, duration, sharpness, and emergence from its background. However, spike detection systems built solely around this definition are not reliable due to the presence of numerous transients and artifacts. We use wavelet transform to analyze the properties of EEG manifestations of epilepsy. We demonstrate that the behavior of wavelet transform of epileptic spikes across scales can constitute the foundation of a relatively simple yet effective detection algorithm.
7<sup>th</sup>International Immunoglobulin Conference: Mechanisms of Action (2014)

Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is widely used for replacement therapy in immunodeficiencies and to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, its mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Examination of immunoglobulin (Ig) receptors, including the Fc-gamma receptors (FCγRs) and the neonatal Fc receptor, have revealed genetic variations that are linked to autoimmune diseases and to the efficacy of IVIg treatment. However, the beneficial effect of IVIg encompasses multiple mechanisms of action. One of these is scavenging of activated complement fragments, such as C3a, C5a, C3b and C4b, by infused Ig molecules. This interaction prevents binding of complement fragments to their receptors on target cells, thus attenuating the immune damage. Additionally, anti-inflammatory effects may be facilitated by IgA via specific receptors and/or complement scavenging. Glycosylation of both the Fc- and Fab-fragments has also been implicated in the anti-inflammatory action of IVIg. Although there is evidence to support a role for sialylated IgG glycovariants in mediating the effect of IVIg, evidence from animal models of inflammatory disease suggest that sialylation may not be a critical factor. However, an increase in IgG glycosylation has been observed following IVIg treatment in Guillain-Barré syndrome patients, and this has been associated with improved clinical outcomes.
Analyzing Automobile Performance by Powertrain Simulation and Fuzzy Control (2010)

In order to analyze the dynamic performance and estimate fuel cost of automobile in the city streets, a simulation model of automobile is constructed and examined. Then the driver comfort is optimized by using this model. To better evaluate the driving characteristics of automobile in the city, the fuzzy logic method simulating the driver's handing process is introduced. A few fuzzy driving rules based on multiple inputs and outputs of human driver are used to control the system. The automobile changes throttle and shifts gears using fuzzy logic according to the changing traffic condition. Results show that the dynamic model considering clutch is -more accurate and the fuzzy logic system effectively simulates the car driving in the street.
Surface Micromachining Process for the Integration of AlN Piezoelectric Microstructures (2004)

We report a novel micromachining process to fabricate AlN (Aluminum Nitride) piezoelectric microstructures for actuator applications. Piezoelectric AlN thin films can be grown with (002) preferential orientation by means of RF reactive sputtering on various substrates. For this study, AlN was deposited on doped polysilicon layers, which act as both structural, and electrode layer. A thin layer of Cr was used as top electrode and as a mask for patterning of the AlN piezoelectric layer. Silicon oxide was used as a sacrificial layer. The structures were released by a freeze drying technique. Single run deposition of AlN and Cr turns out to be necessary to ensure good adhesion of the Cr layer to the AlN thin film during the sacrificial etching process either using BHF or HF. The released beams show compressive stress due to the AlN thin film. Further process development, using Cr seed layers to reduce stress, and device testing is in progress.
Incorporation of  WO 3 into Polypyrrole, and Electrochemical Properties of the Resulting Polymer Films (1990)

Electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole in electrolyte‐free aqueous suspension of resulted in polypyrrole films containing ca. 83 weight percent of the oxide. The reduction of the resulting polypyrrole films caused the insertion of electrolyte cations into the films, indicating that the incorporated worked as a fixed charge compensator for the oxidized polypyrrole. The amount of the incorporated was diminished by adding to the deposition bath, the degree being dependent on the concentration of relative to that of the suspended . The electrochromic properties of the polypyrrole were investigated as a function of the amount incorporated to achieve dual electrochromism due to polypyrrole and the incorporated .
Automated camera dysfunctions detection (2004)

Surveillance systems depend greatly on the robustness and availability of the video streams. The cameras must deliver reliable streams from an angle corresponding to the correct viewpoint. In other words, the field of view and video quality must remain unchanged after the initial installation of a surveillance camera. The paper proposes an approach to detect changes (such as displacement, out of focus, obstruction) automatically in a difficult environment with illumination variations and dynamic background and foreground objects.
Prophylactic Antiviral Activity of Sulfated Glycomimetic Oligomers and Polymers (2020)

In this work, we investigate the potential of highly sulfated synthetic glycomimetics to act as inhibitors of viral binding/infection. Our results indicate that both long-chain glycopolymers and short-chain glycooligomers are capable of preventing viral infection. Notably, glycopolymers efficiently inhibit Human Papillomavirus (HPV16) infection in vitro and maintain their antiviral activity in vivo, while the glycooligomers exert their inhibitory function post attachment of viruses to cells. Moreover, when we tested the potential for broader activity against several other human pathogenic viruses, we observed broad-spectrum antiviral activity of these compounds beyond our initial assumptions. While the compounds tested displayed a range of antiviral efficacies, viruses with rather diverse glycan specificities such as Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Influenza A Virus (IAV), and Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) could be targeted. This opens new opportunities to develop broadly active glycomimetic inhibitors of viral entry and infection.
Propagation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Semiconductor Gratings (2004)

We present time-domain measurements of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating on gratings structured on silicon surfaces. Using single-cycle pulses of terahertz radiation to excite SPPs in a broad frequency range, we observe that the efficient SPPs scattering on the semiconductor periodic structure introduces significant dispersion and modifies the SPPs propagation. A stop gap, or a frequency range where SPPs are Bragg reflected, is formed by the structure. This gap depends strongly on the Si doping density and type. The resonant scattering at the edge of the gap reduces the group velocity by more than a factor of 2. The measurements show a good agreement with our numerical calculations based on the reduced Rayleigh equation.
ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIPS OF AUTOSPORIC AND ZOOSPORIC CHLOROCOCCALEAN GREEN ALGAE WITH 18S rDNA SEQUENCE DATA<sup>1</sup> (1992)

ABSTRACT We examined the relationships of autosporic and zoosporic taxa in the Chlorococcales by analyzing available complete nuclear‐encoded small‐subunit (18S) rRNA gene sequences along with two new sequences from Hydrodictyon reticulatum (L.) Lagerh. and Neochloris vigenis Archibald. Some autosporic taxa grouped with the coenobial hydrodictyacean algae and related unicellular organisms having directly opposed basal bodies. These include Scenedesmus obliquus (Turp.) Kütz. and Chlorella fusca var. vacuolata Shihira et Krauss. Other autosporic organisms, including Chlorella kessleri Fott et Novakova, C. minutissima Fott et Novakova, C. pro‐tothecoides Krug., C. vulgaris Beij., Nanochlorum eucaryotum Wilhelm, Eisenbeis, Wild, et Zahn, and Prototheca wickerhamii Soneda et Tubaki, form a separate group. Of the zoosporic taxa examined, this group would appear to have the greatest affinity to organisms having a counterclockwise displacement of basal bodies, the Pleurastrophyceae. Beyond the fact that Ankistrodesmus stipitatus (= A. falcatus var. stipitatus (Chodat) Lemm.) does not group with the latter organisms, its position remains in doubt. None of the autosporic taxa appear to be closely related to chlorophycean organisms possessing a clockwise basal body displacement.
Influence of Age on the Association of Retinol‐binding Protein 4 With Metabolic Syndrome (2008)

The associations of RBP4 with insulin sensitivity, percent trunk fat, and lipid levels are influenced by age.
Preparation, surface‐active and antielectrostatic properties of multiple quaternary ammonium salts (2006)

Abstract A series of new cationic surfactants, bis‐quaternary ammonium salts and tris‐ammonium salts, were prepared from N,N ‐dimethyldodecylamine and a product of the reaction of epichlorohydrin with ethyl‐, propyl‐, butyl‐, pentyl‐, hexyl‐, and octylamine (in the xase of bis‐ammonium salts) or the hydrochloride of diethyl‐, dipropyl‐, dibutyl‐, or dihexylamine (in the case of tris‐ammonium salts). The obtained multiple salts were examined with respect to their surface‐active properties: Critical micelle concentrations (CMC), effectiveness of surface tension reductions (γ CMC ), and adsorption efficiencies (pC 20 ) were measured. All these surfactants showed good water solubility and low CMC of more than one order of magnitude lower than those of corresponding monoalkylammonium salts. They also showed good foaming properties, but worse wetting capability. The obtained multiple salts showed excellent antielectrostatic properties.
H.264/AVC Video Encoder Implementation Based on TI TMS320DM642 (2006)

Compared with the previous standards, the coding efficiency and coding performance of H.264/AVC are improved at the cost of higher computational complexity. It is a big challenge for us to develop the embedded real-time H.264/AVC video encoder with the limited on-chip memory space. This paper introduces the method to develop and optimize the H.264/AVC baseline' encoder on the TMS320DM642 DSP hardware platform. The emphasis is put on the optimization methods of memory space allocation, the strategy of data transfer and pixel interpolation in motion compensation. Hereinto, ping-pong buffering technique was used to optimize the input interface of H.264/AVC encoder and the bi-linear interpolation method was used to replace the 6-tap filter which has been adopted in the x264 source program. Experiments show that the coding performance of the optimized encoder is improved effectively with a little loss in PSNR and video sequences with QCIF resolution can be encoded in real time.
Acquisition of an <i>Agrobacterium</i> Ri Plasmid and Pathogenicity by Other α- <i>Proteobacteria</i> in Cucumber and Tomato Crops Affected by Root Mat (2004)

Root mat of cucumbers and tomatoes has previously been shown to be caused by Agrobacterium radiobacter strains harboring a root-inducing Ri plasmid (pRi). Nine other pRi-harboring alpha-Proteobacteria have subsequently been isolated from root mat-infected crops. Fatty acid profiling and partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis identified three of these strains as being in the genus Ochrobactrum, five as being in the genus Rhizobium, and one as being in the genus Sinorhizobium: An in vitro pathogenicity test involving inoculation of cucumber cotyledons was developed. All pRi-harboring alpha-Proteobacteria induced typical root mat symptoms from the cotyledons. Average transformation rates for rhizogenic Ochrobactrum (46%) and Rhizobium (44%) strains were lower than those observed for rhizogenic A. radiobacter strains (64%). However, individual strains from these three genera all had transformation rates comparable to those observed from cotyledons inoculated with a rhizogenic Sinorhizobium strain (75%).
IMPLEMENTATION OF ECG SIGNAL ACQUISITION AND TRANSMISSION THROUGH BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY (2014)

The proposed system of this paper introduces the ECG signal acquisition by using electrodes and transmits the obtained ECG signal through Bluetooth technology. To achieve this ECG signal acquisition and transmission, we have to use three nodes as ECG acquisition node, Wireless communication node and signal monitoring node. For transmission and receiving process, the Bluetooth from the ECG signal acquisition node will be act as the sender (server) and the Bluetooth from monitoring node will act as the receiver. This paper is useful for analyzing the obtained ECG signal and can be used for the purpose of telemedicine systems.
NMR and μSR study of magnetic dilution in the triangular Heisenberg antiferromagnet NaCrO<sub>2</sub> (2009)

NaCrO2 has been shown to be a very good model compound for the study of triangular Heisenberg antiferromagnets with isotropic interactions [1]. We examine by NMR and μSR the effect of substitution of non magnetic Ga3+ ions at the Cr3+ sites (S = 3/2). The presence of non-magnetic defects is found to impact both the dynamics and the static properties of the triangular network.
Helical Sense of Ribbon Assemblies and Splayed Microfibrils of Bacterial Cellulose. (1998)

Acetobacter xylinum produces cellulose in the form of a twisted thin ribbon assembly. Handedness of the twisted ribbon assembly was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Special care for correct up-and-down setting of specimens and photographic films was taken to determine the handedness of the twisted assembly by TEM. The ribbon cellulose assemblies were prepared on TEM grids using ATCC 23769 and ATCC 10245 and then shadowed with Pt-Pd. They all showed right-handedness. Splayed microfibrils were prepared from smooth colony of ATCC 23769 by the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) (DP=80 and DS=0.57) into the culture medium. A bundle of them was twisting together in one body in the right-handed manner.