gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Platinum in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2013)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) dominate the transportation fuel cell market and platinum (Pt) is the catalyst material used for both anode and cathode. This review sets out the fundamentals of activity, selectivity, stability and poisoning resistance which make Pt or its alloys the best available materials to use in this application. It is clear that Pt is the only element which can meet the requirements for performance while avoiding slow reaction kinetics, proton exchange membrane (PEM) system degradation due to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) formation and catalyst degradation due to metal leaching. Some of the means by which the performance of Pt can be enhanced are also discussed.
3D-aware scene manipulation via inverse graphics (2025)

We aim to obtain an interpretable, expressive, and disentangled scene representation that contains comprehensive structural and textural information for each object. Previous scene representations learned by neural networks are often uninterpretable, limited to a single object, or lacking 3D knowledge. In this work, we propose 3D scene de-rendering networks (3D-SDN) to address the above issues by integrating disentangled representations for semantics, geometry, and appearance into a deep generative model. Our scene encoder performs inverse graphics, translating a scene into a structured object-wise representation. Our decoder has two components: a differentiable shape renderer and a neural texture generator. The disentanglement of semantics, geometry, and appearance supports 3D-aware scene manipulation, e.g., rotating and moving objects freely while keeping the consistent shape and texture, and changing the object appearance without affecting its shape. Experiments demonstrate that our editing scheme based on 3D-SDN is superior to its 2D counterpart. ©2018 Poster presentation at the 32nd annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2018), December 3-5, 2018, Montréal, Québec.
Differential multiply subtractive Kramers-Kronig relations (2008)

We apply the multiply subtractive Kramers-Kronig (MSKK) method to the derivative of a medium's optical transfer function. That is, the phase “difference” or derivative Δθ (instead of the phase) can be evaluated from the measurements of the relative derivative of the intensity Δln[I(ω)]=ΔI(ω)/I(ω) with the aid of a few Δθ measurements. As a result, we obtain a method that integrates two different techniques, MSKK and spectral ballistic imaging. We show that the transfer function can be evaluated with great accuracy without the need to measure the phases at all but rather its derivative, which is a much simpler process.
PPARα governs glycerol metabolism (2004)

Glycerol, a product of adipose tissue lipolysis, is an important substrate for hepatic glucose synthesis. However, little is known about the regulation of hepatic glycerol metabolism. Here we show that several genes involved in the hepatic metabolism of glycerol, i.e., cytosolic and mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), glycerol kinase, and glycerol transporters aquaporin 3 and 9, are upregulated by fasting in wild-type mice but not in mice lacking PPARalpha. Furthermore, expression of these genes was induced by the PPARalpha agonist Wy14643 in wild-type but not PPARalpha-null mice. In adipocytes, which express high levels of PPARgamma, expression of cytosolic GPDH was enhanced by PPARgamma and beta/delta agonists, while expression was decreased in PPARgamma(+/-) and PPARbeta/delta(-/-) mice. Transactivation, gel shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that cytosolic GPDH is a direct PPAR target gene. In line with a stimulating role of PPARalpha in hepatic glycerol utilization, administration of synthetic PPARalpha agonists in mice and humans decreased plasma glycerol. Finally, hepatic glucose production was decreased in PPARalpha-null mice simultaneously fasted and exposed to Wy14643, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of PPARalpha on gluconeogenic gene expression was translated at the functional level. Overall, these data indicate that PPARalpha directly governs glycerol metabolism in liver, whereas PPARgamma regulates glycerol metabolism in adipose tissue.
Inactivation of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>by Photodynamic Excitation of Heme‐Cycle Intermediates Derived from δ‐Aminolevulinic Acid (2004)

Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM), especially that caused by Plasmodium falciparum, is of great concern in malaria-endemic areas. As a result of increased international travel, migration, and the spread of drug-resistant parasites, TTM is also a growing problem in industrialized nations. An effective and inexpensive means of inactivating malaria parasites in blood products would represent an important advance. In this report, we demonstrate that photoactivation of plasmodial heme-cycle intermediates, derived from supplemental delta -aminolevulinic acid (ALA), by exposure to simple white light in the presence of ALA, reduces P. falciparum in culture to levels that are undetectable by light microscopy or lactate dehydrogenase assay. Photodynamic excitation of presumed heme-cycle intermediates, which was revealed by fluorescence microscopy, did not appear to adversely affect the viability of erythrocytes. These data suggest that this pathogen-inactivation strategy, which uses inexpensive reagents and white light, may represent an appropriate means of inactivating malaria parasites in blood products in resource-poor settings.
Anti-lock Brake System for Integrated Electric Parking Brake Actuator Based on Sliding-mode Control (2018)

Integrated electric parking brake (iEPB) is popularizing on passenger cars due to its easier operation and automatic functions. As a parking brake, EPB have to act as the secondary brake system in case of hydraulic brake failure. To guarantee the stability and safety of a car during iEPB braking, the rear slip ratio has to be controlled accurately within the optimized value to get the shortest brake distance without undesired loss of control. In this paper, a sliding-mode controller (SMC) is investigated to achieve rear-wheel anti-lock brake control, which is robust against uncertainties and disturbance of the parameters. And a sliding-mode observer (SMO) is present to estimate the load torque of d.c. motor and calculate the brake torque. The tyre/road friction coefficient estimator is designed to obtain the optimal rear slip ratio timely. The simulation model of iEPB system is initially constructed in AMESim and the vehicle model is built in MATLAB/Simulink, and the complete system is co-simulated by these two software simultaneously with different road conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed observer and estimator are feasible. This study may provide a useful method to realize rear slip ratio control so that the safety and stability of vehicle could be improved significantly in specified condition
Conjugal Transfer but Not Quorum-Dependent <i>tra</i> Gene Induction of pTiC58 Requires a Solid Surface (1999)

Donors of Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a transfer-constitutive derivative of the nopaline-type Ti plasmid pTiC58 transferred this element at frequencies 3 to 4 orders of magnitude higher in matings conducted on solid surfaces than in those conducted in liquid medium. However, as measured with a lacZ reporter fusion, the tra genes of the wild-type Ti plasmid were inducible by opines to indistinguishable levels on solid and in liquid medium. Donors induced in liquid transferred the Ti plasmid at high frequency when mated with recipients on solid medium. We conclude that while formation of stable mating pairs and subsequent transfer of the Ti plasmid is dependent on a solid stratum, the regulatory system can activate tra gene expression to equivalent levels in liquid and on solid surfaces.
Typing of Pneumocystis carinii strains with type-specific oligonucleotide probes derived from nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacers of rRNA genes (1995)

We have recently developed a method for typing Pneumocystis carinii strains that infect humans. The method takes advantage of nucleotide sequence variations in internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) of the rRNA genes of P. carinii. To date, two types of nucleotide sequences (designated types A and B) have been found in the ITS1 region, and three types of nucleotide sequences (designated types a, b and c) have been found in the ITS2 region. Of the six potential combination types, we have detected four, designated types Ac, Bb, Ba, and Bc. To simplify typing, we have designed five oligonucleotide probes, probes 1-A, 1-B, 2-a, 2-b, and 2-c, which are specific to ITS1 type A and type B and ITS2 type a, type b, and type c, respectively, of P. carinii strains that infect humans. We also have designed an oligonucleotide which reacts specifically with P. carinii strains that infect rats. The ITS region were amplified by PCR, and the PCR products were then probed with these type-specific oligonucleotide probes. Typing with the type-specific oligonucleotide probes was found to be effective with specimens containing only one type of P. carinii. These methods are rapid and simple to perform and will be useful for studying the epidemiology of P. carinii infections.
Evidence for airborne infectious disease transmission in public ground transport – a literature review (2012)

While guidelines on contact tracing (CT) after exposure to certain infectious pathogens during air travel exist, no guidance documents are available on CT in response to potential exposure on public ground transport. We reviewed scientific and non-scientific literature on transmission of airborne pathogens in public ground transport and on factors potentially influencing transmission. We identified 32 relevant publications (15 scientific and 17 non-scientific). Most of the selected studies dealt with transmission of tuberculosis. However, the relation between travel duration, proximity to the index case and environmental factors, such as ventilation, on disease transmission in public ground transport is poorly understood. Considering the difficulty and probably limited effectiveness of CT in ground transport, our results suggest that only exceptional circumstances would justify CT. This contrasts with the high level of attention CT in air travel seems to receive in international regulations and recommendations. We question whether the indication for CT should be revisited after a risk–benefit assessment that takes into account exposure in both ground and air transport.
Design and Operational Characteristics of Cartesian Manostats (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign and Operational Characteristics of Cartesian ManostatsRoger GilmontCite this: Anal. Chem. 1951, 23, 1, 157–162Publication Date (Print):January 17, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60049a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60049a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Influence of Romans XIII on Christian Political Thought II. Augustine to Hincmar (1941)

I a preceding article, the place held by St. Paul's precepts on civic obedience in the Thirteenth Chapter of his Epistle to the Romans was studied in the earliest writings of the Church before the time of St. Augustine. It was shown that St. Paul was understood to have taken up and complemented the revolutionary teaching of the Saviour which formally announced the separate and distinct spheres of the temporal and spiritual rule of mankind. God and Caesar both have their respective claims on man's conscience. St. Paul gives the reason: Caesar's power also comes from God; or rather, it is God's power exercised by man for man's good. Caesar is the minister of God. We also saw, however, that this simple and clear teaching does not entirely settle and clarify man's relations with his secular government. Lacking the Aristotelian doctrine that man by his nature is a political animal as well as a social animal, some of the early Fathers failed to make a distinction between the power, which is from God, and the office itself, which is of human right. All of them derived political rule from the fact of sin, just as they did those other social institutions, private property and slavery. To them that seemed the clear implication of St. Paul's teaching in Romans 13. If men had not sinned, there would have been no political rule, for this rule was conceived as merely coercive government, a thing which would have been an idle usurpation in the state of equality which accompanied the state of innocence. Thus, lacking a justification in natural law for political rule, they escaped anarchy by seeking it solely in the decree of God following man's fall. St. Paul's teaching was thus narrowly circumscribed
Multimodal registration of retinal images using domain-specific landmarks and vessel enhancement (2018)

The analysis of different image modalities is frequently performed in ophthalmology as it provides complementary information for the diagnosis and follow-up of relevant diseases, like hypertension or diabetes. This work presents a hybrid method for the multimodal registration of color fundus retinography and fluorescein angiography. The proposed method combines a feature-based approach, using domain-specific landmarks, with an intensity-based approach that employs a domain-adapted similarity metric. The methodology is tested on a dataset of 59 image pairs containing both healthy and pathological cases. The results show a satisfactory performance of the proposed combined approach in this multimodal scenario, improving the registration accuracy achieved by the feature-based and the intensity-based approaches.
Evidence for bluetongue virus in Canada: 1976-1979. (1982)

Since the identification of approximately 1 400 bovine serological reactors to bluetongue virus in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia in 1976, there has been no evidence of virus establishment in Canada. No clinical signs suggestive of bluetongue were observed. It was not possible to demonstrate viral activity at the time the seropositive animals were detected and subsequent serological testing supports the hypothesis that the virus has not become endemic or indeed survived in Canadian cattle populations. This combined with the dramatic reduction in prevalence of serological reactors in the years following the initial slaughter suggests that viral activity occurred in the Okanagan Valley prior to 1976 and disappeared. There has been no evidence for transmissions different from that expected of a classical arbovirus; that is, no evidence of "vertical" transmission.
Process variation and temperature-aware reliability management (2010)

In aggressively scaled technologies, reliability concerns such as oxide breakdown have become a key issue. Dynamic reliability management (DRM) has been proposed as a mechanism to dynamically explore the trade-off between system performance and reliability margin. However, existing DRM methods are hampered by the fact that they do not accurately model spatial and temporal variations in process and temperature parameters which have a strong impact on chip reliability. In addition, they make the simplifying assumption that the future workloads are identical to the currently observed one. This makes them sensitive to sudden workload variations and outliers. In this paper, we present a novel workload-aware dynamic reliability management framework that accounts for local variations in both the process and temperature. The reliability estimation, along with the predicted remaining workload is fed to a dynamic voltage/frequency scaling module to manage the system reliability and optimize processor performance. Using a fast on-line analytical/table-look-up method we demonstrate an average error of 1% with up to 5 orders of magnitude speedup compared to Monte Carlo simulation. Experiments on an Alpha-like processor show our DRM framework fully utilizes the available margin and achieves 28.7% performance improvement on average.
Spectral properties of mono‐and dihydroxychromones (1976)

Abstract The uv, ir, and nmr spectra of a number of hydroxy‐and methoxychromones, substituted only in the benzene ring, were studied. The results are particularly useful in determining the position of the hydroxyl groups. Chromatographic data on paper are also given.
The Use of Surface-Elastic-Wave Reflection Gratings in Large Time-Bandwidth Pulse-Compression Filters (1973)

A new type of surface-wave device has been developed which uses the reflection of surface elastic waves to achieve a desired transfer function. A series of experiments on the reflection of surface waves at normal and oblique incidence from periodic arrays of grooves and overlayer stripes provided guidelines for the choice of the type of reflector, the reflection angle, and the depth of grooves. A prototype pulse-compression filter with a time-bandwidth product of 1500 (T=30 /spl mu/S, /spl Delta/f=50 MHz) has been developed. The grooves were etched into LiNbO/sub 3/ by a neutralized argon ion beam in a manner which provided precise depth control and a desired amplitude response. This reflective-array compressor (RAC) has proved to be relatively free of spurious signals and second-order effects and, as a result, large capacities have been obtained. In the prototype device, rms phase errors were 3.5 deg or less and, as a result, the compressed-pulse sidelobe structure was near ideal. A compression ratio of 1500 was demonstrated. The same device, when operated over a wider bandwidth, yielded a compression ratio of about 4000 with only a modest sacrifice in the level of the time sidelobes.
NanoPen: Dynamic, Low-Power, and Light-Actuated Patterning of Nanoparticles (2009)

We introduce NanoPen, a novel technique for low optical power intensity, flexible, real-time reconfigurable, and large-scale light-actuated patterning of single or multiple nanoparticles, such as metallic spherical nanocrystals, and one-dimensional nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes. NanoPen is capable of dynamically patterning nanoparticles over an area of thousands of square micrometers with light intensities <10 W/cm(2) (using a commercial projector) within seconds. Various arbitrary nanoparticle patterns and arrays (including a 10 x 10 array covering a 0.025 mm(2) area) are demonstrated using this capability. One application of NanoPen is presented through the creation of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy hot-spots by patterning gold nanoparticles of 90 nm diameter with enhancement factors exceeding 10(7) and picomolar concentration sensitivities.
Content metadata application and packaging service (CMAPS) - innovative framework for producing SCORM-compliant e-learning content (2005)

This paper discusses the application of metadata to SCORM-compliant e-learning content in the broader context of proposed content metadata application and packaging service (CMAPS) framework. The CMAPS framework is developed on the basis of a process model, for producing high-quality e-learning content, proposed by the Learning Systems Architecture Lab (LSAL) at Carnegie Mellon University. The original LSAL model is expanded by introducing a new sub-stage needed to better identification of assets comprising educational resources and easy creation of asset metadata. For the needs of CMAPS two new IEEE LOM metadata application profiles are created and their elements explained. Finally the proposed CMAPS framework is described and a brief overview of the expected functionality of its modules is present.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Program (EMCAP) an Automated Frequency Management Tool for EMC Between Surface Missile Systems (1979)

In the modern naval task force, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) between missile systems poses a serious threat to successful mission completion. An interactive computer program has been developed for use as a fleet tool to rapidly analyze the EMI problem. The program provides frequency management and tactical options to insure Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) within a missile equipped task force.
On Testing Non-Testable Programs (1982)

A frequently invoked assumption in program testing is that there is an oracle (i.e. the tester or an external mechanism can accurately decide whether or not the output produced by a program is correct). A program is non-testable if either an oracle does not exist or the tester must expend some extraordinary amount of time to determine whether or not the output is correct. The reasonableness of the oracle assumption is examined and the conclusion is reached that in many cases this is not a realistic assumption. The consequences of assuming the availability of an oracle are examined and alternatives investigated.
Biogeneseähnliche Alkaloidsynthesen durch oxydative Kondensation, XI<sup>1)</sup> Synthesen der Ringsysteme von Galanthamin und Nivalidin (1968)

Abstract Bei oxydativen Kondensationen einfacher N ‐Benzyl‐phenäthylamine 1 in Anlehnung an die Biosynthese der Amaryllidaceen‐Alkaloide erwies sich der Mesyl‐Rest als wirksame Schutzgruppe für den Stickstoff. Damit werden frühere Befunde bestätigt. Auch kommen nun N ‐Acyl‐Verbindungen als Zwischenstufen der Alkaloid‐Biosynthese in Betracht. Aus den N ‐Mesyl‐Verbindungen 8 und 9 konnten durch Oxydation und nachfolgende Umlagerung mit guten Ausbeuten die vollständigen Ringsysteme der Amaryllidaceen‐Alkaloide Galanthamin (7) und Nivalidin ( 25) dargestellt werden.
Antibacterial activity of bovine lactoferrin and its peptides against enterohaemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 (1998)

The antimicrobial activities of bovine lactoferrin (bLF), its pepsin hydrolysate (bLFH) and the active peptide lactoferricin B (LFcinB) against four clinical isolates of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 were studied. The MICs against these isolates were 3 mg ml-1 for bLF, 0.1-0.2 mg ml-1 for bLFH and 8-10 micrograms ml-1 for LFcinB in 1% Bactopeptone broth. LFcinB killed these bacteria within 3 h at concentrations above 10 micrograms ml-1. Transmission electron microscopy findings suggested that LFcinB acts on the bacterial surface and affects cytoplasmic contents. LFcinB was shown to influence the levels of verotoxins in the culture supernatant fluid of an E. coli O157:H7 strain. These results demonstrate that E. coli O157:H7 strains are susceptible to the antimicrobial effects of bLF and its peptides.
All-Order Polarization-Mode Dispersion (PMD) Compensation via Virtually Imaged Phased Array (VIPA)-Based Pulse Shaper (2008)

We demonstrated all-order polarization-mode dispersion compensation using a virtually imaged phased-array-based transmission pulse shaper. We reduced the pulsewidth of polarization-mode dispersed pulses from more than 100 ps to their original 15 ps.