gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The estrogen-dependent c-JunER protein causes a reversible loss of mammary epithelial cell polarity involving a destabilization of adherens junctions. (1996)

Members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family are known to be specifically involved in mammary carcinogenesis. As a nuclear target of activated receptors, we examined c-Jun in mammary epithelial cells. For this, we used a c-JunER fusion protein which was tightly controlled by estrogen. Activation of the JunER by hormone resulted in the transcriptional regulation of a variety of AP-1 target genes. Hormone-activated JunER induced the loss of epithelial polarity, a disruption of intercellular junctions and normal barrier function and the formation of irregular multilayers. These changes were completely reversible upon hormone withdrawal. Loss of epithelial polarity involved redistribution of both apical and basolateral proteins to the entire plasma membrane. The redistribution of E-cadherin and beta-catenin was accompanied by a destabilization of complexes formed between these two proteins, leading to an enrichment of beta-catenin in the detergent-soluble fraction. Uninduced cells were able to form three-dimensional tubular structures in collagen I gels which were disrupted upon JunER activation, leading to irregular cell aggregates. The JunER-induced disruption of tubular structures was dependent on active signaling by growth factors. Moreover, the effects of JunER could be mimicked in normal cells by the addition of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). These data suggest that a possible function of c-Jun in epithelial cells is to modulate epithelial polarity and regulate tissue organization, processes which may be equally important for both normal breast development and as initiating steps in carcinogenesis.
LPBP: low-power basis profile of the Java 2 Micro Edition (2003)

The Java platform provides a fully fledged programming environment for graphics applications using the Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT). We present a power-aware basis profile of the Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) for embedded applications. The low-power basis profile (LPBP) is responsive to backlight luminance scaling in such a way that dynamic adjustment of the backlight luminance is accompanied by adaptive image compensation. The proposed scheme performs aggressive backlight dimming while maintaining the readability of screen contents based on image compensation techniques such as brightness compensation, image enhancement and context processing. Experiments show that on average the LPBP can easily achieve approximately 30% backlight system power reduction.
Effect of Silk Fibroin on the Protection of Alcoholic Hepatotoxicity in the Liver of Alcohol Preference Mouse (2001)

Silk fibroin (SF) derided from the domestic silk worm, bombyx mori, is the natural protein and widely used as bio-functional materials as well as apparels. We studied the livers protective effect of SF from alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in the alcohol preference mouse. To increase more absorption of SF in experimental animals, molecular weight of SF was lowered by 2N of HCI aqueous solution at 10 for 48 hrs. SF was added to liquid diet with alcohol and fed to the alcohol preference mice for 4 weeks. To assess the liver function, the concentration of alanine aminotransferase (AlT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and cholesterol present in either blood or liver tissue were measured. As compared with non-SF treated groups the SF-treated showed significantly low concentrations of ALT, AST, cholesterol and triacylglycerol values, respectively. Histopathological examination revealed that the extent of hepatocyte injury in the SF-treated group was reduced when it was compared with non SF-treated group. These results suggest that SF may have liver protective effects against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity.
Agitation conditions for the culture and detachment of hMSCs from microcarriers in multiple bioreactor platforms (2015)

In our recent work in different bioreactors up to 2.5 L in scale, we have successfully cultured hMSCs using the minimum agitator speed required for complete microcarrier suspension, NJS. In addition, we also reported a scaleable protocol for the detachment from microcarriers in spinner flasks of hMSCs from two donors. The essence of the protocol is the use of a short period of intense agitation in the presence of enzymes such that the cells are detached; but once detachment is achieved, the cells are smaller than the Kolmogorov scale of turbulence and hence not damaged. Here, the same approach has been effective for culture at NJS and detachment in-situ in 15 mL ambr™ bioreactors, 100 mL spinner flasks and 250 mL Dasgip bioreactors. In these experiments, cells from four different donors were used along with two types of microcarrier with and without surface coatings (two types), four different enzymes and three different growth media (with and without serum), a total of 22 different combinations. In all cases after detachment, the cells were shown to retain their desired quality attributes and were able to proliferate. This agitation strategy with respect to culture and harvest therefore offers a sound basis for a wide range of scales of operation.
Laxatives (1983)

The Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing (JWOCN) is the premier publication for wound, ostomy and continence practice and research. The Journal’s mission is to publish current best evidence and original research to guide the delivery of expert health care. The WOCN Society is a professional nursing society which supports its members by promoting educational, clinical and research opportunities to advance the practice and guide the delivery of expert health care to individuals with wounds, ostomies and continence care needs.
GIS-Based Support System for On-Demand Flexroute Transit Service (1999)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are a proven resource for public transportation service planning and evaluation. In particular, their spatial analysis and database management capabilities make them well suited for such applications. The primary cost incurred in a GIS application is for the development and maintenance of high-quality spatial databases. Due to this cost, public transportation agencies want to utilize these databases to support a wider array of applications. As desktop GIS software and computer hardware become more powerful, GIS can be used to develop applications for "real-time" operations. In this research effort, a GIS-based prototype system was developed and tested to support the scheduling and dispatch functions of an on-demand flexroute transit service. The effectiveness of the prototype demonstrates the potential of GIS to support time-critical transit operations.
A research on BPM system based on process knowledge (2008)

Accompanied with the development of IT and market globalization, business process shows more and more dynamic, flexible and variable, which leads to more strict requirements on Business Process Management Systems (BPMS). Using relevant theory and method of Knowledge Management (KM), this paper analyzes the knowledge related in BPM process and brings forth the concept of Process Knowledge (PK), the classification and description of PK from the perspective of BPM are also presented. Furthermore, the paper points out the meaning of extracting PK from BPM, using PK to help BPM system monitoring, adjusting, analyzing and optimizing. This method can improve the BPM system’s capability of monitoring and analyzing and makes the system more flexible to a certain extent through experimental verification system. This paper also provides a new perspective for research on improving BPM system’s effectiveness and flexibility of implementation.
Hybrids of cellulose acetate and sol–gel silica: Morphology, thermomechanical properties, water permeability, and biodegradation evaluation (2002)

Abstract Hybrids based on cellulose acetate (CA) and SiO 2 were prepared by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). More rigid films were obtained with an inorganic phase incorporation. The thermal stability of the hybrids was similar to pure CA. Composite membranes were prepared by casting of CA/TEOS mixtures onto a poly(vinylidene fluoride) support. The water permeation decreased with the incorporation of the inorganic phase. Hybrid membranes were able to retain solutes with a molar mass of ≅9000 g/mol (≅98% retention). Hybrids were submitted to biodegradation tests. The presence of the inorganic phase did not inhibit the growth of Thricoderma harzianum fungi. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2196–2205, 2002
The power of comparative reasoning (2011)

Rank correlation measures are known for their resilience to perturbations in numeric values and are widely used in many evaluation metrics. Such ordinal measures have rarely been applied in treatment of numeric features as a representational transformation. We emphasize the benefits of ordinal representations of input features both theoretically and empirically. We present a family of algorithms for computing ordinal embeddings based on partial order statistics. Apart from having the stability benefits of ordinal measures, these embeddings are highly nonlinear, giving rise to sparse feature spaces highly favored by several machine learning methods. These embeddings are deterministic, data independent and by virtue of being based on partial order statistics, add another degree of resilience to noise. These machine-learning-free methods when applied to the task of fast similarity search outperform state-of-the-art machine learning methods with complex optimization setups. For solving classification problems, the embeddings provide a nonlinear transformation resulting in sparse binary codes that are well-suited for a large class of machine learning algorithms. These methods show significant improvement on VOC 2010 using simple linear classifiers which can be trained quickly. Our method can be extended to the case of polynomial kernels, while permitting very efficient computation. Further, since the popular Min Hash algorithm is a special case of our method, we demonstrate an efficient scheme for computing Min Hash on conjunctions of binary features. The actual method can be implemented in about 10 lines of code in most languages (2 lines in MATLAB), and does not require any data-driven optimization.
Molecular cloning reveals the existence of a fourth γ subunit of the vertebrate brain GABA<sub>A</sub>receptor (1993)

We have isolated a cDNA, from the chicken, that encodes a fourth type of gamma subunit of the vertebrate brain GABAA receptor. The mature polypeptide (which we name gamma 4) displays 67%, 69% and 70% identity, respectively, to the rat gamma 1, gamma 2 and gamma 3 subunits. In the developing chicken brain, the gamma 4-subunit mRNA is first detected at embryonic day 13; the transcript level then increases progressively during embryogenesis. In situ hybridization reveals that the gamma 4-subunit mRNA is abundant in several brain regions, including the ectostriatum, nucleus rotundus and hyperstriatum ventrale, which are involved in visual processing and learning.
Random Mining Group Selection to Prevent 51% Attacks on Bitcoin (2018)

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency based on blockchain technology that enables peer-to-peer transactions without a central authority. Bitcoin is known for resolving double-spending problems. When two or more miners generate a block that includes transaction information at nearly the same time, an accidental fork occurs. In this case, the longest chain of blocks is selected to avoid the double-spending problem. However, if there is an attacker node whose hash power is greater than half of the total hash power, that node can perform a double-spending attack, i.e., a 51% or majority attack. We propose a random mining group selection technique to reduce the probability of successful double-spending attacks. The analysis results demonstrate that if the number of groups is greater than or equal to two, the probability that the attacker will find the next block is less than 50%.
Controlled synthesis, characterization and reduction of graphene oxide: A convenient method for large scale production (2016)

In this work, graphene oxide was synthesized by treating graphite powder with KMnO4 and a mixture of concentrated H2SO4/H3PO4 and reduced with ascorbic acid to produce reduced graphene oxide. The effects of reaction parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature and amount of KMnO4 on the degree of oxidation of graphite powder to graphene oxide were studied. The prepared graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide were characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and XRD. The results showed that treating graphite powder with KMnO4 at 40 °C for 12 h resulted in better degree of oxidation. The designed synthesis strategy could be simple/convenient, easily controlled and an alternative approach for large scale production of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO).
Estimating Arterial Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide in Ventilated Patients: How Valid Are Surrogate Measures? (2017)

The arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pa<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>) is an important parameter in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. To limit invasive procedures or for more continuous monitoring of Pa<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, clinicians often rely on venous blood gases, capnography, or transcutaneous monitoring. Each of these has advantages and limitations. Central venous Pco<sub>2</sub> allows accurate estimation of Pa<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, differing from it by an amount described by the Fick principle. As long as cardiac output is relatively normal, central venous Pco<sub>2</sub> exceeds the arterial value by approximately 4 mm Hg. In contrast, peripheral venous Pco<sub>2</sub> is a poor predictor of Pa<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, and we do not recommend using peripheral venous Pco<sub>2</sub> in this manner. Capnography offers measurement of the end-tidal Pco<sub>2</sub> (Pet<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>), a value that is close to Pa<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> when the lung is healthy. It has the advantage of being noninvasive and continuously available. In mechanically ventilated patients with lung disease, however, Pet<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> often differs from Pa<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, sometimes by a large degree, often seriously underestimating the arterial value. Dependence of Pet<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> on alveolar dead space and ventilator expiratory time limits its value to predict Pa<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>. When lung function or ventilator settings change, Pet<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> and Pa<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> can vary in different directions, producing further uncertainty. Transcutaneous Pco<sub>2</sub> measurement has become practical and reliable. It is promising for judging steady state values for Pa<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> unless there is overt vasoconstriction of the skin. Moreover, it can be useful in conditions where capnography fails (high-frequency ventilation) or where arterial blood gas analysis is burdensome (clinic or home management of mechanical ventilation).
Corporate Web Sites as Advertising (2003)

The primary purpose of this study is to explore and explain the concept of the Web site as corporate advertisement. Three coders analyzed 160 corporate Web sites. Corporate Web sites are able to combine multiple functions such as providing information and image-building strategies for companies and their brands as well as direct and indirect selling functions. Corporate Web sites are also able to address multiple audiences from a single umbrella site. Message strategies were more likely to be informational than transformational - possibly reflecting the information-delivery potential of the Web. In general, high-revenue companies had more functions and addressed more audiences through their Web sites than low-revenue companies. High-revenue companies were also more likely than low-revenue companies to use transformational message strategies. However, no predicted relationships were found between overall message strategy and either number of functions at the Web site or number of audiences served. The study provides details on application of a relatively new message strategy model to a unique new form of corporate advertising - the World Wide Web.
CHROMOSOMES OF ARTIFICIALLY ACTIVATED EGGS OF URECHIS (1932)

1. The embryos resulting from the artificial activation of Urechis eggs are diploid in chromosome number. 2. The diploid number is apparently obtained by the utilization of the first polar spindle for the first cleavage and the substitution of a mitotic division for the second maturation division.
Diabetes Gene Therapy: Potential and Challenges (2003)

Gene therapy, developing rapidly as a result of advances in molecular biology and the Human Genome Project, is now highlighted as a most hopeful technology of the 21st century. The major goal of gene therapy in diabetes mellitus (DM) is to maintain euglycemia in face of wide variations in dietary intake. Although some obstacles remain to be overcome, the risk-benefit ratio of gene therapy in DM is better than that of lifelong injections of insulin, and islet transplantation, which faces the problems of donor shortage and rejection. This review focuses on the recent advances in gene therapy of insulin-requiring diabetes, with particular emphasis on 1. the gene delivery systems by viral vectors, since most gene therapy approaches for DM involve the use of viral vectors, paying special attention to current efforts to overcome the disadvantages of adenovirus, adenovirus-associated virus and retrovirus vectors and targeting gene delivery for optimal efficiency of gene expression; 2. coupling the synthesis and release of the transgene insulin to serum glucose concentrations, especially with reference to the current promoters controlling at transcriptional level the ectopic insulin expression in autologous hepatocytes; 3. beta-cell replacement strategies: engineering of beta-cells, especially those derived from pluripotent stem cells, non beta-cells, and on a new comer, the K cells. Recent advances in the use of stem cells for potential application in diabetes gene therapy are also discussed.
An Improved Procedure for the Conversion of Alkenes and Glycals to 1,2-Diazides Using Mn(OAc)<sub>3</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O in Acetonitrile Containing Trifluoroacetic Acid (1998)

Abstract Alkenes and Glycals react with Mn(OAc3)·2H2O and NaN3 in 9:1 acetonitrile-trifluoroacetic acid to give 1,2-diazides in >80% yield. Allylic azides are formed by slow addition of NaN3 to a mixture of alkene, Mn(OAc)3·2H2O and Cu(OAc)2.
Non-monotonic Lyapunov functions for stability of nonlinear and switched systems : theory and computation (2008)

Lyapunov’s direct method, which is based on the existence of a scalar function of the state that decreases monotonically along trajectories, still serves as the primary tool for establishing stability of nonlinear systems. Since the main challenge in stability analysis based on Lyapunov theory is always to find a suitable Lyapunov function, weakening the requirements of the Lyapunov function is of great interest. In this thesis, we relax the monotonicity requirement of Lyapunov’s theorem to enlarge the class of functions that can provide certificates of stability. Both the discrete time case and the continuous time case are covered. Throughout the thesis, special attention is given to techniques from convex optimization that allow for computationally tractable ways of searching for Lyapunov functions. Our theoretical contributions are therefore amenable to convex programming formulations. In the discrete time case, we propose two new sufficient conditions for global
Craniovertebral instability due to degenerative osteoarthritis of the atlantoaxial joints: analysis of the management of 108 cases (2010)

Atlantoaxial joint arthritis frequently leads to craniovertebral instability and cord compression. Treatment by joint distraction and lateral mass fixation can be an optimum form of treatment.
PCEP Extensions for Segment Routing (2014)

Segment Routing (SR) enables any head-end node to select any path
without relying on a hop-by-hop signaling technique (e.g., LDP or
RSVP-TE). It depends only on segments that are advertised by Link-
State Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs). A Segment Routed Path can be
derived from a variety of mechanisms, including an IGP Shortest Path
Tree (SPT), explicit configuration, or a Path Computation Element
(PCE). This document specifies extensions to the Path Computation
Element Protocol (PCEP) that allow a stateful PCE to compute and
initiate Traffic Engineering (TE) paths, as well as a PCC to request a
path subject to certain constraint(s) and optimization criteria in SR
networks.
Space Charge‐Mediated Ionic Transport in Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia–Alumina Composite Membranes (2008)

This paper reports ionic conductivity of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ)–Al 2 O 3 composite membranes. The tape cast specimens were subjected to binder burnout (500°C) and sintering (1550°C) processes to obtain 200–300 μm thick membranes. The ionic conductivity and microstructure of the membranes were characterized and are discussed in this paper. The ionic conductivity of the composite specimens was enhanced and was correlated with the number of charge carrier and their mobility. The solubility of Al 2 O 3 in YSZ was minimal and nanosize Al 2 O 3 of the batch sintered into microsize and existed as a distinct phase. The scanning electron microscopy micrographs revealed that YSZ and Al 2 O 3 grains were strained.
Dual bias feed SiGe HBT low noise linear amplifier (2002)

A 2 GHz-band SiGe HBT low noise amplifier (LNA) achieving high saturation power and low distortion performance is described. It has a novel diode/resistor dual bias feed circuit for the base of the HBT to extend its P1 dB. In the small signal region, the conventional resistor feed circuit is a dominant base current source, but the in large signal region, the diode turns on and the diode feed circuit can supply base current like a voltage source which allows higher output power and linearity. The fabricated dual feed type LNA shows the P1 dB improvement of 5 dB compared with the conventional resistor feed LNA.
Positive interaction of nikkomycins and azoles against Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo (1992)

Nikkomycins X and Z (NZ), competitive inhibitors of fungal chitin synthetase, were combined with azoles in a series of in vitro checkerboard assays to test for synergism against Candida spp. All combinations of nikkomycins and azoles tested resulted in marked synergistic activity against an isolate of Candida albicans, with fractional inhibitory concentration indices ranging from 0.016 to 0.28. No synergistic effect was demonstrable with isolates of C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, or C. krusei, though results for the latter two were suggestive of an additive effect. In survival models of mice infected intravenously with C. albicans, NZ administered singly in doses ranging from 5 to 50 mg/kg of body weight twice a day was able to delay the onset of mortality but showed no dose-response effect. The combination of NZ and the azole R 3783 administered orally in a ratio of 8:1 to 40:1 or greater (wt/wt) enhanced survival better than did the drugs given individually, but this effect was less evident for combinations involving fluconazole. In short-term organ load assays with outbred mice infected intravenously with C. albicans, high ratios of NZ to R 3783 reduced the CFU per gram in kidneys more significantly than did the drugs individually. Statistically significant reductions were not seen for short-term fungal burden assays using combinations of NZ and fluconazole in outbred mice or in inbred mice more susceptible to candidiasis. In a model of rat vaginal candidiasis, the combination of NZ and R 3783 administered either orally or vaginally was more effective than the drugs used singly. Thus, under certain conditions, combination therapy with nikkomycin and select azoles may offer promise for an increased therapeutic effect in candidiasis.