gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmon enhanced performance of organic solar cells using electrodeposited Ag nanoparticles (2008)

To enhance solar harvesting in organic solar cells, uniform-sized metal nanoparticles of ∼13 nm were incorporated to the device via pulse-current electrodeposition, which is a kind of simple and quick solution process that can control the density and size of metal nanoparticles. By incorporating plasmonic Ag nanoparticles on surface modified transparent electrodes, overall power conversion efficiency was increased from 3.05% to 3.69%, mainly resulting from the improved photocurrent density as a result of enhanced absorption of the photoactive conjugate polymer due to the high electromagnetic field strength in the vicinity of the excited surface plasmons.
Behavior-driven Load Testing Using Contextual Knowledge - Approach and Experiences (2019)

Load testing is widely considered a meaningful technique for performance quality assurance. However, empirical studies reveal that in practice, load testing is not applied systematically, due to the sound expert knowledge required to specify, implement, and execute load tests.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles in Chitosan, Gelatin and Chitosan/Gelatin Bionanocomposites by a Chemical Reducing Agent and Their Characterization (2011)

In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in chitosan (Cts), Cts/gelatin and gelatin suspensions using a chemical reducing agent. Cts and gelatin were used as natural stabilizers and solid support, whereas AgNO(3) was used as the silver precursor. Sodium borohydride (NaBH(4)) was used as the reducing agent. The properties of AgNPs in Cts, Cts/gelatin and gelatin bionanocomposites (BNCs) were studied in terms of their surface plasmon resonance, crystalline structure, average diameter size, particle distributions, surface topography and functional groups. All the samples were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
A conceptual SAR/altimeter radar with subsurface capabilities, for space missions (2002)

A conceptual radar system for planetary explorations is presented. This system's main features are the recognition of soil composition and surface geometrical characteristics, such as roughness and spatial correlation length, and subsurface sounding. These capabilites are provided to meet the two main requirements in space missions: the safety of the landing phase and the selection of an interesting landing site from a scientific point of view. The proposed system makes use of a real aperture radar for cross-track resolution, a synthetic aperture radar for along-track resolution, and a chirp signal for range resolution. The requirements of a subsurface sounding and the discrimination of subsurface echoes from the surface ones have been met by combining the synthetic aperture and altimeter processing, with a multispectral analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Universal Segregation Growth Approach to Wafer-Size Graphene from Non-Noble Metals (2010)

Graphene has been attracting wide interests owing to its excellent electronic, thermal, and mechanical performances. Despite the availability of several production techniques, it is still a great challenge to achieve wafer-size graphene with acceptable uniformity and low cost, which would determine the future of graphene electronics. Here we report a universal segregation growth technique for batch production of high-quality wafer-scale graphene from non-noble metal films. Without any extraneous carbon sources, 4 in. graphene wafers have been obtained from Ni, Co, Cu-Ni alloy, and so forth via thermal annealing with over 82% being 1-3 layers and excellent reproducibility. We demonstrate the first example of monolayer and bilayer graphene wafers using Cu-Ni alloy by combining the distinct segregation behaviors of Cu and Ni. Together with the easy detachment from growth substrates, we believe this facile segregation technique will offer a great driving force for graphene research.
A new approach for the design of digital interpolating filters (1979)

The paper presents a new class of interpolators characterized by the property that the mean power of their error sequence, as a function of frequency, approximates zero in the Chebyshev sense. The design method, which is based on some observation and newly found general properties, will be described in some detail. An example shows the special properties of these interpolators in comparison with former results. Measurements done with a practical implementation are presented as well. A design chart for these filters is provided.
Transmitting GBAS messages via LDACS (2018)

The Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) is a landing system for aircraft based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). It consists of a reference station at an airport that generates corrections and integrity parameters that are transmitted to arriving aircraft. The broadcast is currently accomplished via a VHF data broadcast (VDB). In recent years it turned out that proper siting and frequency planning for the VDB is a challenging task in an operational environment. Coverage, as well as signal power issues, especially at large and complex airports have led to a number of considerations that have to be taken into account when installing VDB transmission antennas. Furthermore, current GBAS only broadcast corrections for the L1 frequency of GPS satellites. Availability issues, mainly due to ionospheric effects in equatorial regions, however, drive the development of expanding GBAS from a single frequency single constellation system towards a dual frequency multi constellation architecture. Transmitting additional corrections and integrity parameters at the same update rate is challenging due to the limited capacity of the VDB data link. Finally, transmission should offer the potential to provide secure transmissions with an authenticated signal in order to be robust also from a security perspective. For all these reasons it can be envisioned to provide the GBAS messages via LDACS which is currently in the process of standardization. This could resolve the issues mentioned and thus support GBAS implementation in the future. This paper provides an overview of the expected benefits mentioned above and provides a first performance estimation of GBAS over LDACS.
Glucocorticoids and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. (2007)

Central obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. This cluster of risk factors is known as the metabolic syndrome, and also occurs in people with primary glucocorticoid excess (Cushing's syndrome). Exogenous glucocorticoid use also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulating glucocorticoid concentrations are tightly controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, however tissue glucocorticoid levels are also enhanced by the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1). Transgenic overexpression of 11beta-HSD1 in either adipose tissue or the liver in mice causes components of the metabolic syndrome, while transgenic deletion of 11beta-HSD1 prevents adverse metabolic complications of obesity. Although plasma glucocorticoid levels are not elevated in obesity, dysregulation of 11beta-HSD1 is observed with decreased activity in the liver and increased activity in adipose tissue. 11beta-HSD1 is highly regulated, and dietary composition may be a powerful determinant of activity. Polymorphisms in the 11beta-HSD1 gene are also associated with components of the metabolic syndrome. Inhibition of this enzyme appears to be an attractive option to treat metabolic disease. Selective 11beta-HSD1 inhibitors in rodents cause weight loss, improve insulin sensitivity and delay progression of cardiovascular disease. Trials in humans though will be the ultimate test to determine if inhibition of 11beta-HSD1 offers a new tool in the treatment of metabolic disease.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF THE (.+‐.)‐(N)‐GINGEROLS (PUNGENT PRINCIPLES OF GINGER) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS THROUGH REGIOSELECTIVE ALDOL CONDENSATIONS: RELATIVE PUNGENCY ASSAYS (1981)

Abstract Kondensation von Vanillin (I) mit Aceton (im Überschuß) unter NaOH‐Katalyse gibt das Enon (II), das an Raney‐Ni spezifisch zu Zingeron (III) hydriert wird.
Meal-Time with a Socially Assistive Robot and Older Adults at a Long-term Care Facility (2013)

As people get older, their ability to perform basic self-maintenance activities can be diminished due to the prevalence of cognitive and physical impairments or as a result of social isolation. The objective of our work is to design socially assistive robots capable of providing cognitive assistance, targeted engagement, and motivation to elderly individuals, in order to promote participation in self-maintenance activities of daily living. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of the expressive human-like robot, Brian 2.1, as a social motivator for the important activity of eating meals. An exploratory study was conducted at an elderly care facility with the robot and eight individuals, aged 82--93, to investigate user engagement and compliance during meal-time interactions with the robot along with overall acceptance and attitudes towards the robot. Results of the study show that the individuals were both engaged in the interactions and complied with the robot during two different meal-eating scenarios. A post-study robot acceptance questionnaire also determined that, in general, the participants enjoyed interacting with Brian 2.1 and had positive attitudes towards the robot for the intended activity.
Waveform inversion using a logarithmic wavefield (2006)

Abstract Although waveform inversion has been studied extensively since its beginning 20years ago, applications to seismic field data have been limited, and most of those applications have been for global-seismology- or engineering-seismology-scale problems, not for exploration-scale data. As an alternative to classical waveform inversion, we propose the use of a new, objective function constructed by taking the logarithm of wavefields, allowing consideration of three types of objective function, namely, amplitude only, phase only, or both. In our wave form inversion, we estimate the source signature as well as the velocity structure by including functions of amplitudes and phases of the source signature in the objective function. We compute the steepest-descent directions by using a matrix formalism derived from a frequency-domain, finite-element/finite-difference modeling technique. Our numerical algorithms are similar to those of reverse-time migration and waveform inversion based on the adjoint state of the wave equation. In order to demonstrate the practical applicability of our algorithm, we use a synthetic data set from the Marmousi model and seismic data collected from the Korean continental shelf. For noise-free synthetic data, the velocity structure produced by our inversion algorithm is closer to the true velocity structure than that obtained with conventional waveform inversion. When random noise is added, the inverted velocity model is also close to the true Marmousi model, but when frequencies below 5Hz are removed from the data, the velocity structure is not as good as those for the noise-free and noisy data. For field data, we compare the time-domain synthetic seismograms generated for the velocity model inverted by our algorithm with real seismograms and find that the results show that our inversion algorithm reveals short-period features of the subsurface. Although we use wrapped phases in our examples, we still obtain reasonable results. We expect that if we were to use correctly unwrapped phases in the inversion algorithm, we would obtain better results.
Conductive filament formation: a potential reliability issue in laminated printed circuit cards with hollow fibers (1999)

E-glass fibers are used as a reinforcement material in the manufacture of laminates used in printed circuit cards and multichip module laminated substrates (MCM-L's). The principal advantages of using E-glass fibers include high strength, high chemical resistance, and excellent insulating properties at reasonable cost. Although most fibers are solid, hollow fibers can be produced if there is insufficient process control during the manufacture of E-glass fibers. This creates a potential reliability problem in laminates since hollow fibers provide a path for conductive filament formation (CFF) between two differently biased points, which can result in short circuit failure modes. The probability of CFF is a function of temperature, moisture content, the voltage bias and other environmental conditions and physical factors. This paper presents relevant information on E-glass laminate manufacture and the causes of hollow fibers, details of experiments performed to observe hollow fibers, the reliability issues in terms of the CFF mechanism, and analysis as to the opportunity for failure and recommendations for improvement.
Subgingival microflora and periodontal disease (1979)

Abstract This article describes the subgingival microflora of the healthy periodontium, gingivitis, advanced adult periodontitis, and juvenile periodontitis. A total of seven to nine subjects were examined in each of the four periodontal clinical entities listed. The individual bacteriological samples included material from the base of a single periodontal pocket. The sampling, the treatment of the samples, and the bacteriological cultivations were carried out using continuous anaerobic techniques. Briefly, the healthy gingival sulcus harbored a scant microflora dominated by Gram‐positive organisms (85%), usually Streptococcus and facultative Actinomyces species. The development of gingivitis was accompanied by a marked increase in the total number of Gram‐negative organisms. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides melaninogenicus ss. intermedius, Haemophilus species, and other Gram‐negative organisms comprised about 45% of the total gingivitis isolates. Streptococcus and facultative and anaerobic Actinomyces species constituted the majority of the Gram‐positive gingivitis isolates. The micro‐flora of advanced adult periodontitis was comprised mainly of Gram‐negative anaerobic rods (about 75%), B. melaninogenicus ss. asaccharolyticus and F. nucleatum being the most predominant isolates. The deep pocket microflora in juvenile periodontitis was also made up mainly of Gram‐negative organisms (about 65%), but was of a nature different from that of adult periodontitis, being predominated by isolates of Bacteroides species and other organisms of unknown species. The present article also concerns factors of importance for the colonization of Gram‐negative anaerobic rods in the oral cavity and periodontal pockets. In vitro experiments showed that cells of B. melaninogenicus ss. asaccharolyticus and other Gram‐negative organisms attached in high numbers to epithelial cells, hydrosyapatite (HA) surface, and Gram‐positive bacteria when suspended in phosphate‐buffered saline; however, the bacterial attachment to epithelial cells and HA was strongly inhibited in the presence of human saliva and serum. In contrast, saliva and serum had little effect upon the attachment of Gram‐negative bacteria to Gram‐positive bacterial cells. These findings agreed well with data from an in vivo study, in which streptomycin‐labeled cells of B. melaninogenicus ss. asaccharolyticus were introduced into the mouth of two volunteers. A significantly higher number of B. melaninogenicus cells was recovered from dental plaque than from the other oral surfaces studied. The present series of studies has pointed to certain Gram‐negative organisms as potential pathogens in rapidly progressing periodontal lesions. The available data on oral microbial ecology suggest that the presence of dental plaque containing Gram‐positive organisms may be essential for the attachment and colonization of several Gram‐negative species after their initial introduction into the mouth and the periodontal pocket area. The clinical relevance of these findings is discussed.
Combining Physical and Digital Evidence in Vehicle Environments (2008)

Traditional forensic investigations of vehicles aims at gathering physical evidence since most crimes involving vehicles are physical. However, in the near future digital crimes on vehicles will most likely surge, and therefore it will be necessary to also gather digital evidence. In this paper, we investigate the possibilities of combining physical and digital evidence in forensic investigations of vehicle crime scenes. We show that digital evidence can be used to improve the investigation of physical crimes and, respectively, that physical evidence can be used to improve the investigation of digital crimes. We also recognize that by gathering purely physical or digital evidence certain crimes cannot be solved. Finally, we show that by combining physical and digital evidence it is possible to distinguish between different types of physical and digital crime.
Effects related to pair correlation of π electrons (1975)

A good deal has been written about correlation effects of electrons in molecules. We consider a somewhat special type of correlation, viz., the pair correlation of π electrons in large molecules. Various attraction mechanisms which lead to this correlation are discussed. We study the behavior of the large π electron systems in external electric and magnetic fields (i.e., anomalous diamagnetism, polarizability, analog to the Kirkwood formula). It has been shown that in a strong magnetic field pair correlation leads to an additional reduction of the magnitude of the 0–0′ transition. We also consider collective excitations and multiplet structure of the π electron spectrum.
The charge-effect transistor (1989)

We present a theoretical study of the current-voltage characteristic of a new transistor based upon the ‘‘Coulomb blockade.’’ In mesoscopic (submicron) tunnel junctions the flow of current can be blocked by the electrostatic charging energy of a single electron. The charge-effect transistor is composed of two mesoscopic tunnel junctions connected in series with a gate terminal capacitively coupled to the interjunction region. Such a device has been shown to lead to a Coulomb staircase in the current-voltage characteristic when the gate voltage is zero. Here we study the effect of the gate voltage on the current through the device for various ranges of junction parameters. We study junctions made from both normal metal and superconductors. We examine the current noise at different operating points and find it comparable to, but lower than, that in ordinary shot-noise devices.
Micro-Navigation for Urban Bus Passengers: Using the Internet of Things to Improve the Public Transport Experience (2014)

Public bus services are widely deployed in cities around the world because they provide cost-effective and economic public transportation. However, from a passenger point of view urban bus systems can be complex and difficult to navigate, especially for disadvantaged users, i.e. tourists, novice use
Natural shadow matting (2007)

This article addresses the problem of natural shadow matting , the removal or extraction of natural shadows from a single image. Because textures are maintained in the shadowless image after the extraction process, our approach produces some of the best results to date among shadow removal techniques. Using the image formation equation typical of computer vision, we advocate a new model for shadow formation where shadow effect is understood as light attenuation instead of a mixture of two colors governed by the conventional matting equation. This leads to a new shadow equation with fewer unknowns to solve, where a three-channel shadow matte and a shadowless image are considered in our optimization. Our problem is formulated as one of energy minimization guided by user-supplied hints in the form of a quadmap which can be specified easily by the user. This formulation allows for robust shadow matte extraction while maintaining texture in the shadowed region by considering color transfer, texture gradient, and shadow smoothness. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach in shadow removal, image matting, and compositing.
Matured hop extract reduces body fat in healthy overweight humans: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study (2015)

UMIN-CTR UMIN000014185.
Neurotransmitters: The Critical Modulators Regulating Gut–Brain Axis (2016)

Neurotransmitters, including catecholamines and serotonin, play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Studies on these neurotransmitters mainly revolved around their role in the "fight or flight" response, transmitting signals across a chemical synapse and modulating blood flow throughout the body. However, recent research has demonstrated that neurotransmitters can play a significant role in the gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. Norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA), and serotonin have recently been a topic of interest because of their roles in the gut physiology and their potential roles in GI and central nervous system pathophysiology. These neurotransmitters are able to regulate and control not only blood flow, but also affect gut motility, nutrient absorption, GI innate immune system, and the microbiome. Furthermore, in pathological states, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Parkinson's disease, the levels of these neurotransmitters are dysregulated, therefore causing a variety of GI symptoms. Research in this field has shown that exogenous manipulation of catecholamine serum concentrations can help in decreasing symptomology and/or disease progression. In this review article, we discuss the current state-of-the-art research and literature regarding the role of neurotransmitters in regulation of normal GI physiology, their impact on several disease processes, and novel work focused on the use of exogenous hormones and/or psychotropic medications to improve disease symptomology. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2359-2372, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NPRL2 enhances autophagy and the resistance to Everolimus in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (2018)

NPRL2 may act as a pro-growth factor in PCa. The high levels of NPRL2 expression in CRPC promote resistance to EVS by enhancing autophagy. NPRL2 may be a new therapeutic target for intervention of CRPC and a biomarker for predicting resistance to EVS in CRPC.