gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Framing the Other: History and Literary Verisimilitude in E. M. Forster's The Hill of Devi (1994)

Forster wrote as a half-insider. He had been private secretary to the Maharajah of Dewas State Senior, in which capacity he was once preposterously photographed, wearing a long-skirted spot ted gown and a sort of oriental tam-o'-shanter, in very English lace-up shoes against a painted background of flowers and mul lioned windows. But he was anything but Anglo-Indian, only a life-long college man translated briefly into the Indian environ ment, and in a thoughtful, melancholy way, half-enchanted by it. James Morris, Farewell the Trumpets: An Imperial Retreat
Transgenic sugar beet tolerant to imidazolinone obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (2011)

Sugar beet is highly sensitive to imidazolinone herbicides thus rotational restrictions exist. In order to develop imidazolinone tolerant sugar beets als gene from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding acetolactate synthase with S653N mutation was used for genetic transformation. Transgenic sugar beet plants were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of aseptic seedlings using vacuum-infiltration. The efficiency of genetic transformation was 5.8%. RT-PCR analysis of obtained plants revealed accumulation of specific als transcript. The resistance to imidazolinone was proved for developed transgenic sugar beet plants in vitro and in greenhouse conditions after spraying with imazethapyr (Pursuit, BASF).
Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation through modulation of NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling pathway (2013)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is involved in a variety of inflammatory disorders. Under stress conditions, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) loses the homeostasis in its functions, which is defined as ER stress. Little is known how ER stress is implicated in LPS-induced lung inflammation. In this study, effects of inhibition of ER stress on LPS-induced lung inflammation and transcriptional regulation were examined. An ER stress regulator, 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA) reduced LPS-induced increases of various ER stress markers in the lung. Furthermore, inhibition of ER stress reduced the LPS-induced lung inflammation. Moreover, LPS-induced increases of NF-κB and HIF-1α activity were lowered by inhibition of ER stress. These results suggest that inhibition of ER stress ameliorates LPS-induced lung inflammation through modulation of NF-κB/IκB and HIF-1α signaling pathway.
A Framework for the Generalization of 3D City Models (2009)

With a growing availability of detailed 3D city models, an increased demand for the generalization of these models is going to arise. In order to build a useful system for the generalization of highly detailed 3D city models, it is necessary to give the user the opportunity to define the relevance of features on a semantic basis. This requires a high level of semantic information that is often not present in existing models and extremely flexible generalization strategies that allow different algorithms with different parameters to be used for the same model. In order to meet these requirements, we propose a framework for the generalization of 3D city models that supports the definition of custom feature hierarchies and generalization algorithms and offers predefined default features and generalization modules that can be used where the application allows it.
A Calculation on the Migration of Fission Gas in Material Exhibiting Precipitation and Re-solution of Gas Atoms Under Irradiation (1969)

AbstractThe influence of intragranular bubbles, acting as efficient trapping sites, on the migration of fission gas atoms in material under irradiation is assessed. It is considered that the bubbles are unstable due to the operation of an irradiation-induced resolution process tending to dissolve their enclosed gas. Treating an individual grain within the material as a sphere whose boundary behaves as a perfect sink, general expressions are derived for the intragranular concentrations of gas existing instantaneously within bubbles and in solution. It is shown that the relationships may be simplified for the range of irradiation times and conditions likely to be encountered in practice. Under these conditions, an expression is obtained for the quantity of gas released to the grain boundary, and this is compared with the analogous expression derived previously by Booth for the case where there are no intragranular traps.The fact that the resolution process through its effects on bubbles at the grain boundary will return some gas to the matrix and in so doing destroy the property of perfect-sink behavior is later considered. By an approximate method the appropriate modification to the formula describing the quantity of gas released to the boundary is deduced. This final expression, including the complete effects of intragranular trapping and irradiation-induced resolution on gas migration, may provide the basis on which to calculate the amount of gas which is eventually released external to the material from regions where intergranular bubbles grow so large that they interlink.
Measurements of Dynamic Properties of Rock at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures (1985)

Measurements of dynamic properties of rock at high temperatures and pressures have many applications to geology and solid earth geophysics. Elastic wave velocities are obtained from rock cylinders in which delay times are measured using a pulse transmission technique. The longitudinal and shear velocities and bulk densities allow the calculation of isotropic elastic moduli. Techniques and equipment used for measuring velocities as functions of confining pressure, pore pressure, and temperature are summarized.
Simulated Real-World Energy Impacts of a Thermally Sensitive Powertrain Considering Viscous Losses and Enrichment (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">It is widely understood that cold ambient temperatures increase vehicle fuel consumption due to heat transfer losses, increased friction (increased viscosity lubricants), and enrichment strategies (accelerated catalyst heating). However, relatively little effort has been dedicated to thoroughly quantifying these impacts across a large set of real world drive cycle data and ambient conditions. This work leverages experimental dynamometer vehicle data collected under various drive cycles and ambient conditions to develop a simplified modeling framework for quantifying thermal effects on vehicle energy consumption. These models are applied over a wide array of real-world usage profiles and typical meteorological data to develop estimates of in-use fuel economy. The paper concludes with a discussion of how this integrated testing/modeling approach may be applied to quantify real-world, off-cycle fuel economy benefits of various technologies.</div></div>
A thermal emotion classifier for improved human-robot interaction (2016)

In their expanding role as tutors, home and healthcare assistants, robots must effectively interact with individuals of varying ability and temperament. Indeed, deploying robots in long-term social engagements will almost certainly require robots to reliably detect and adapt to changes in the demeanor of social partners to promote trust and more productive collaboration. However, the recognition of emotional state typically relies on the interpretation of very subtle cues, often varying from one person to the next. In addition, while facial expressions, body posture and features of speech have been used to detect affective changes, the robustness of these measures is often hindered by cultural and age differences. Recently, infrared thermography has shown promise in detecting guilt, fear and stress, indicating that it may be a viable sensing modality for improved human-robot interaction. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of using a far infrared (FIR) camera for detecting robot-elicited affective response compared to video-elicited affective response by tracking thermal changes in five areas of the face. Further, we analyzed localized changes in the face to assess whether thermal and electrodermal responses to emotions elicited by traditional video techniques and by robots are similar. Finally, we performed principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of data and evaluated the performance using machine learning techniques for classifying thermal data by emotion state, resulting in a thermal classifier with a performance accuracy of 77.5%.
An analysis of the dynamic behavior of field-limiting ring-passivation system (1989)

The transient operation of field-limiting rings used for the passivation of power switching devices was studied. Results of experiment and fundamental modeling are presented. Since fundamental transient modeling is costly in computer time, an alternative simulation approach was used that involves a combination of off-state, on-state, and circuit modeling and reduces CPU times by two orders of magnitude. Computer simulations are used to illustrate the transient operation in detail and to indicate whether such behavior could ever lead to premature device breakdown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Filters and filter banks for periodic signals, the Zak transform, and fast wavelet decomposition (1998)

We present a new approach to filtering and reconstruction of periodic signals. The tool that proves to handle these tasks very efficiently is the discrete Zak transform. The discrete Zak transform can be viewed as the discrete Fourier transform performed on the signal blocks. It also can be considered the polyphase representation of periodic signals. Fast filtering-decimation-interpolation-reconstruction algorithms are developed in the Zak transform domain both for the undersampling and critical sampling cases. The technique of finding the optimal biorthogonal filter banks, i.e., those that would provide the best reconstruction even in the undersampling case, is presented. An algorithm for orthogonalization of nonorthogonal filters is developed. The condition for perfect reconstruction for the periodic signals is derived. The generalizations are made for the nonperiodic sequences, and several ways to apply the developed technique to the nonperiodic sequences are considered. Finally, the developed technique is applied to recursive filter banks and the discrete wavelet decomposition.
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 overexpression produces drug resistance in vivo: reversal by decorin. (1998)

The gene for transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) was transfected into the murine EMT-6/Parent mammary carcinoma tumor line to form the EMT6/PRK5 beta 1E tumor line. In monolayer culture the EMT-6/PRK5 beta 1E tumor line secretes about 15-times as much TGF-beta 1 into the medium as the EMT-6/Parent line. There was no difference in the response of these two cell lines to 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, cisplatin, melphalan or thiotepa in monolayer culture. When the EMT-6/PRK5 beta 1E cells were grown as a solid tumor in Balb/C mice, plasma levels of TGF-beta 1 were about 5-fold higher than in animals bearing the EMT-6/Parent tumor. The EMT-6/PRK5 beta 1E tumor was markedly resistant to a dosage range of cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, melphalan and thiotepa compared with the EMT-6/Parent tumor. The bone marrow CFU-GM from the animals bearing the EMT-6/PRK5 beta 1E tumor were spared from the cytotoxicity of the drugs compared with the bone marrow CFU-GM from animals bearing the EMT-6/Parent tumor. Administration of decorin, a naturally occurring inhibitor of TGF-beta 1, to animals bearing the EMT-6/PRK5 beta 1E tumor prior to treatment of the animals with the antitumor alkylating agents restored drug sensitivity to the tumor and to the bone marrow CFU-GM. Administration of decorin prior to the antitumor alkylating agents produced very little or no increase in the response of the EMT6/Parent tumor or the bone marrow CFU-GM from those animals. The EMT6/PRK5 beta 1E tumor model allows the effect of secretion of TGF-beta 1 on therapeutic resistance to be assessed directly compared with the EMT-6/Parent tumor. In vivo resistance occurred in the presence of high levels of TGF-beta 1 and was reversed by the TGF-beta 1 inhibitor decorin.
Lipoprotein Oxidation and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis (1997)

The findings of this study provide further evidence to support an association between lipid oxidation and atherogenesis in humans.
Protective Effect of the Sodium/Hydrogen Exchange Inhibitors During Global Low-Flow Ischemia (1996)

We investigated the potential role of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) during global low-flow ischemia. Isolated working rat hearts were subjected to a low-flow ischemic period of 30 or 60 min at 37 degrees C and then reperfused for 30 min. Under those conditions, the effects of two NHE inhibitors 3-methylsulphonyl-4-piperidinobenzoyl guanidine methanesulphonate (HOE-694, 1 microM) and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA, 1 microM), were compared. When added to the perfusion fluid 15 min before induction of ischemia, EIPA partially preserved aortic output (AO) during either a 30- or 60-min low-flow period. A lesser effect, which was not statistically significant, was observed with HOE-694. Therefore, after 30-min ischemia, AO was 18.7 +/- 2.7, 31.4 +/- 3.3% (p < 0.05 vs. control group) and 25.8 +/- 3.2% of the preischemic value in control and EIPA- and HOE-694-treated groups, respectively. Similarly, after 60-min low-flow ischemia, AO was 15.7 +/- 1.8, 32.7 +/- 4.2% (p < 0.05 vs. control group) and 23.3 +/- 5.6% in control and EIPA- and HOE-694-treated groups, respectively. When EIPA and HOE-694 were added to the perfusion solution during the 60-min ischemic period, i.e., at 15 min of low-flow ischemia, AO was maintained at 38.9 +/- 4.9 and 30.2 +/- 2.4% (vs. 15.7 +/- 1.8% in the controls) in HOE-694- and EIPA-treated groups, respectively. EIPA but not HOE-694 also significantly (p < 0.05) improved the AO recovery during reperfusion. When administered later during ischemia, EIPA but not HOE-694 caused some recovery of AO during the remainder of the ischemic period but did not aid recovery during reperfusion. Our data suggest that although inhibition of NHE may be of some benefit during low-flow ischemia, additional effects may be necessary to provide a more efficient cardioprotection. An additional action, e.g., inhibition of the Na+/HCO3- cotransporter, could explain the superior effect of EIPA with respect to HOE-694.
Atomanordnung und Strukturverfeinerung von Cancrinit (1965)

Abstract X-ray photographe of (Ca, Na)CO 3 cancrinites show diffuse satellites with the indices (h k l ± 3/7), The examined crystals from Litchfield, U.S.A., have the space group P6 3 and the lattice dimensions a = 12.75 Å and c = 5.14 Å. The crystal structure has been determined-independently of all previous structure assumptions-from the relation of the transformation hauyn-canorinite and refined on three-dimensional data by the least-squares method to R = 0.089. The structure is composed of an ordered Si, Al framework with channels around the threefold axis and the axis 6 3 ; the other cations and anions as Na, Ca, H 2 O, CO 3 etc. are enclosed in these channels.
The urea amidolyase <i>(DUR1,2)</i> gene of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1991)

The DNA sequence of the urea amidolyase (DUR1,2) gene from S. cerevisiae has been determined. The polypeptide structure deduced from the DNA sequence contains 1,835 amino acid residues and possesses a calculated weight of 201,665 daltons which favorably correlates with that predicted from compositional analysis of purified protein (1,881 amino acid residues and a molecular weight of 203,900). The C-terminal 57 residues of the polypeptide exhibit significant homology with similarly situated sequences found in five other biotin carboxylases whose primary structures have been determined or deduced from protein and DNA sequence data, respectively. Major S1 nuclease protection fragments derived from DUR1,2 RNA-DNA hybrids exhibit apparent termini at positions -140 and -141 upstream of the coding region. The termini of minor protection fragments also occur at eleven other positions as well.
Glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (GlyCAM 1) mucin is expressed by lactating mammary gland epithelial cells and is present in milk. (1993)

Glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (GlyCAM 1) is a mucinlike endothelial glycoprotein that acts as an adhesive ligand for L selectin by presenting one or more O-linked carbohydrates to the lectin domain of this leukocyte cell surface selectin. The GlyCAM 1 glycoprotein has been previously shown to be expressed specifically by the endothelial cells of peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes and in an unknown site in lung. Here we report that this protein is also expressed during lactation by mammary epithelial cells. Northern blot analysis has shown that the mRNA for GlyCAM 1 appears to be induced during pregnancy in a manner similar to that previously described for hormonally induced milk proteins. In situ hybridization analysis reveals that the site of GlyCAM 1 synthesis in the mammary gland is in the epithelial cells that produce these same milk proteins. Immunohistochemistry of mammary glands using antisera directed against GlyCAM 1 peptides demonstrates that these epithelial cells contain GlyCAM 1 protein, and that this protein is also found lumenally in the milk of the secreting mammary gland. Analysis of murine milk shows that immunoreactive GlyCAM 1 is found in the soluble whey fraction. Finally, labeling analysis of milk GlyCAM 1 has demonstrated that this form of the glycoprotein lacks the sulfate-modified carbohydrate that has recently been shown to be required for the ligand binding activity to L selectin. The nonsulfated mammary GlyCAM 1 is unable to interact with L selectin, consistent with the hypothesis that milk GlyCAM 1 has a different function than endothelial GlyCAM 1. These data thus suggest that milk GlyCAM 1 is a hormonally regulated milk protein that is part of the milk mucin complex. In addition, the finding that the mammary form of GlyCAM 1 contains different carbohydrate modifications than the endothelial form suggests that this glycoprotein may be a scaffold for carbohydrates that mediate functions in addition to cell adhesion.
ODONATA OF THE FRANCONIA REGION, NEW HAMPSHIRE (1919)

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Plasmonic Nanofabrication through Optical Heating (2016)

A temperature gradient can induce solutes to migrate from a hot to a cold region, and vice versa, in solution. This process, termed thermophoresis, has been applied to manipulate, transport, and separate various macromolecules and colloids by exploiting a microscale temperature gradient. Here we describe using a single gold nanoparticle (AuNP) as an efficient nanoscale heating source to promote thermophoresis. Moreover, on introducing a substrate with high thermal conductivity such as sapphire, a strong local temperature gradient can be shaped in the medium near the AuNP under continuous wave laser illumination. We observed molecules such as polyethylene glycol and sodium dodecyl sulfate being transported toward the AuNP and attaching to its surface, forming a gold core–organic shell structure within several tens of seconds of illumination. Spectroscopically, because of the gradual increasing encapsulation, progressive red shifts with enhanced scattering intensities were seen for the localized surface plasmon resonance bands of the AuNP with increasing cycles of illumination. Post-mortem scanning electron microscopy provided direct evidence of shell formation. Our technique is relevant to nanofabrication based upon optical heating at the nanometer scale.
Artificial hair cell integrated with an artificial neuron: Interplay between criticality and excitability (2014)

We provide a simple dynamical model of a hair cell with an afferent neuron where the spectral and the temporal responses are controlled by the hair bundle’s criticality and the neuron’s excitability. To demonstrate that these parameters, indeed, specify the resolution of the sound encoding, we fabricate a neuromorphic device that models the hair cell bundle and its afferent neuron. Then, we show that the neural response of the biomimetic system encodes sounds with either high temporal or spectral resolution or with a combination of both resolutions. Our results suggest that the hair cells may easily specialize to fulfil various roles in spite of their similar physiological structures.
Transport and Electrochemical Properties and Spectral Features of Non-Aqueous Electrolytes Containing LiFSI in Linear Carbonate Solvents (2010)

Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) has been investigated as a conducting salt of liquid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. It shows high solubility in most polar solvents, and a concentration of is reached in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) despite its low dielectric constant. LiFSI shows a thermal stability up to on the thermogravimetric test. Compared with the /carbonate electrolytes, the LiFSI-based ones show higher ionic conductivities over a wide temperature range and higher lithium-ion transference numbers of 0.5–0.6. The conductivities of the LiFSI/DMC electrolyte over the concentration range obey a modified Casteel–Amis equation. The temperature dependence of LiFSI/DMC/EMC (3:7, v/v) is governed by the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher relationship. The Fourier transform infrared spectra of the LiFSI/DMC electrolytes at different concentrations are systematically investigated. DMC shows significant spectral variations upon adding LiFSI, indicating strong interaction of cations with the solvent molecules. We also found that the compatibility with graphite anode and cathode in the LiFSI-based electrolyte is as good as that in the -based one, though aluminum (Al) corrosion occurs above vs . LiFSI is a very good contender to replace the latter, with increased performances and safety.
Chemical Synthesis of magnetic Co and CoNi nanoparticles and their characterization (2013)

The synthesis of nanomaterials presents a great interest not only for elucidation of basic research problem, but also for practical applications. As a result of the special magnetic properties of small particles, magnetic nanomaterials such as iron, cobalt, nickel and alloys find promising use in various applications: ferrofluids, infor-mation storage media, magnetic refrigeration, magnetic resonance imaging, medicine etc. In solution chemical routes, carbonate coprecipitation method has been shown to be an attractive method because metals from carbonate solid solution readily which allows high cation homogenety in the precursor and has low formation temperature in the intend phase. Also, homogenous mixture of the constituent metal carbonates, hydroxides react to form a single phase mixed metal oxide when heated. In the present investiga-tion, nanocrystalline magnetic Co and CoNi particles are produced by the reduction of synthesized Co3O4 and Co2NiO4 with hydrogen gas at 250-550oC. Nanocrystalline Co3O4 and Co2NiO4, reduced Coand CoNi particles are studied by XRD, SEM, TEM & Chemical analysis. The magnetic properties of Co and CoNi particles are studied by XRD, SEM, TEM and chemical analysis.The magnetic properties of Co and CoNi particles are studied by XRD, SEM, TEM and chemical anal-ysis. The magnetic properties of CoandCoNi nanoparticles are investigated by Vibration Sample magnetometer VSM).
The size of the magnetic nanoparticles is found to be 10-25nm. The particles are highly magnetic and stable.