gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can ends justify the means?: Telomeres and the mechanisms of replicative senescence and immortalization in mammalian cells (1998)

Finite replicative lifespan, or senescence, of mammalian cells in culture is a phenomenon that has generated much curiosity since its description. The obvious significance of senescence to organismal aging and the development of cancer has engendered a long-lasting and lively debate about its mechanisms. Recent discoveries concerning the phenotypes of telomerase knockout mice, the consequences of telomerase reexpression in somatic cells, and genes that regulate senescence have provided striking molecular insights but also have uncovered important new questions. The objective of this review is to reconcile old observations with new molecular details and to focus attention on the key remaining puzzles.
<title>New spectroscopic instrument based on volume holographic optical elements</title> (1995)

Until recently, the power of volume holography has gone unused by spectroscopists. This was due partly to the difficulty of making stable, high-performance volume holographic optical elements, and partly to poor communication between the holography and spectroscopy communities. We have applied volume holography technology developed for military uses to the needs of spectroscopists. The resulting holographic components and holographic imaging spectrograph have been combined into a new instrument. This Raman spectrometer is fiber- optically coupled specifically for process monitoring and control applications.
Effect of the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein on normal and leukaemic haemopoietic progenitor cells (1996)

Receptor and nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play a key role in the control of normal and neoplastic cell growth. The availability of PTK inhibitors prompted us to evaluate the effects of genistein, a natural inhibitor of PTKs, on in vitro colony formation by normal multilineage colony-forming units (CFU-Mix), erythroid bursts (BFU-E), granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM), long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) and acute myelogenous leukaemia colony-forming units (CFU-AML). Continuous exposure of normal marrow and blood mononuclear non-adherent cells, blood CD34+CD45RA- cells, and leukaemic blasts to increasing doses of genistein (1-100 microM) resulted in a statistically significant (P < or = 0.05) dose-dependent suppression of CFU-Mix, BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-AML growth. Regression analysis showed that growth inhibition was linearly related to genistein concentration. Genistein dose causing 50% inhibition (ID50) of CFU-AML was significantly lower compared to CFU-GM ID50 for marrow (19 v 32 microM, P < or = 0.017), unseparated blood (19 v 44 microM, P < or = 0.028) or CD34+CD45RA- blood (19 v 36, P < or = 0.04). Preincubation of leukaemic blasts with genistein (200 microM) for 1-2h confirmed that CFU-AML were significantly more sensitive than normal marrow and blood CFU-GM to genistein. Preincubation conditions which maximally suppressed leukaemic and normal colony growth spared a substantial percentage of marrow (29 +/- 4%) and blood (40 +/- 3%) LTC-IC. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that: (a) genistein strongly inhibits the growth of normal and leukaemic haemopoietic progenitors; (b) growth inhibition is dose- and time-dependent; (c) leukaemic progenitors are more sensitive than normal progenitors to genistein-induced growth inhibition; (d) genistein exerts a direct toxic effect on haemopoietic cells while sparing a substantial proportion of LTC-IC. The potent CFU-AML growth inhibition associated with the relative resistance of normal LTC-IC strongly supports the use of genistein for marrow purging.
Attempts to restore abduction of the paralyzed equine arytenoid cartilage. III. Nerve anastomosis. (1989)

The purpose of this project was to attempt restoration of abduction of a recently denervated left dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle in the horse by anastomosing the first cervical nerve to the abductor branch of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Ten horses were used in the study. In six horses the left recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected and ligated while the ventral branch of the left first cervical nerve was anastomosed to the abductor branch of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. The remaining four horses also had the left recurrent laryngeal nerve transected and ligated but had no nerve anastomosis performed. Each horse was evaluated preoperatively, and at one week, three and six months after surgery, by endoscopy and determination of upper airway resistance. The endoscopy was performed with the horses breathing room air and while breathing 10% carbon dioxide. All ten horses showed endoscopic signs of complete laryngeal hemiplegia immediately postoperatively. Starting at three months postoperatively clonic movements of the left arytenoid cartilage were observed in four of the six reinnervated horses but not in the sham operated horses. At the sixth postoperative month five reinnervated horses had clonic movements of the left arytenoid cartilage. The comparison of upper airway resistance measurements before surgery and at one week, three and six months after surgery showed no significant differences in either control or experimental horses. Following euthanasia at six months postoperatively, the left and right dorsal crioarytenoid muscles were compared for evidence of reinnervation. No significant difference in weight was noted in the reinnervated horses but the left dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle weighed less than the control horses.
Deposition and atomic force microscopy of individual phthalocyanine polymers between nanofabricated electrodes (1997)

Individual chains of the rigid-rod polymer phthalocyaninepolysiloxane (PcPS) have been deposited and immobilized on top of nanofabricated metal electrodes. This is realized by embedding sparsely distributed PcPS polymers in a monolayer of cellulose using the Langmuir–Blodgett deposition technique. Atomic force microscopy was used to study the resulting spatial arrangement of these one-dimensional conducting polymers. Images of the polymer chains were obtained with a lateral resolution of better than 1 nm. Inspection of the polymers near the edges of the electrodes demonstrates that the monolayer structure is not perturbed by the 15 nm high electrodes. With this procedure, it appears to be possible to bridge two closely spaced electrodes with individual PcPS polymer chains.
Improved MOEMS-based ultra-rapid Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (2009)

We present an improved FTIR spectrometer using a novel MOEMS actuator and discuss in detail the properties of the MOEMS component and the resulting FT-IR sensor device. Spectral resolution and the spectral range allow making use of the inherent multi-analyte detection capabilities giving the spectroscopy platform an advantage over singlewavelength IR sensors. With its further miniaturization potential due to its MOEMS core, this compact, energy efficient and robust spectrometer can thus act as transducer for portable and ultra-lightweight spectroscopic IR sensors, e.g. all purpose hazardous vapor sensors, sensors for spaceborne and Micro-UAV based IR analysis, and many more.
Lagrangian Decomposition of Oil-Production Optimization Applied to the Troll West Oil Rim (2009)

Summary This paper proposes a method based on Lagrangian decomposition for real-time production optimization. It argues the method is well suited for the well-allocation and routing problem in the upstream industries. A semirealistic field case assuming steady-state conditions is used to compare the merits of the method with current industrial practice. The method compares favorably and is therefore an interesting option in real-time production optimization. There are several reasons for this. An error bound on the solution of the production optimization problem can be computed, which is clearly information of interest to any user. Furthermore, the algorithm is efficient and can be parallized for an even higher efficiency. Finally, the Lagrangian decomposition method provides a tool for understanding how a limited resource, such as gas capacity, is used in production optimization.
An Experimentally Verified Active Gate Control Method for the Series Connection of IGBT/Diodes (2011)

The series connection of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)/diode devices allows the operation at voltage levels higher than the rated voltage of one IGBT/diode. However, due to individual parameter differences of the series-connected IGBT/diodes, it is difficult to ensure a proper voltage balance between them, and transient or steady-state voltage unbalances could cause the failure of these devices. This paper presents an active gate driver developed by the authors that is suitable for the series connection of IGBTs. The proposed active gate driver achieves the transient and steady-state voltage balance between the series-connected IGBT/diode devices. The effectiveness of the gate driver and the active gate control method has been experimentally validated, and promising results have been obtained.
Cellulose Nanocrystal Reinforced Chitosan Coatings for Improving the Storability of Postharvest Pears Under Both Ambient and Cold Storages (2017)

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC, 0%, 5%, and 10% w/w, in chitosan, dry basis) reinforced 2% chitosan aqueous coatings were evaluated for delaying the ripening and quality deterioration of postharvest green D'Anjou (Pyrus communis L.) and Bartlett (Pyrus communis L.) pears during 3 wk of ambient storage (20 ± 2 °C and 30 ± 2% RH) or 5 mo of cold storage (-1.1 °C and 90% RH), respectively. Ethylene and CO<sub>2</sub> production, color, firmness, and internal fruit quality were monitored during both storage conditions. Moisture and gas barrier, antibacterial activity, and surface morphology of the derived films were also evaluated to investigate the mechanisms of delayed fruit ripening and quality deterioration. In the ambient storage study, the 5% CNC reinforced chitosan coating significantly (P < 0.05) delayed green chlorophyll degradation of pear peels, prevented internal browning, reduced senescence scalding, and improved retained fruit firmness. During cold storage, the 5% CNC reinforced chitosan coating showed a competitive effect on delaying fruit postharvest quality deterioration compared to a commercial product (Semperfresh™, Pace International, Wapato, Wash., U.S.A.). The 5% CNC coating strongly adhered to the pear surface, provided a superior gas barrier and a more homogenous matrix in comparison with the other coatings tested. Hence, it was effective in delaying ripening and improving the storability of postharvest pears during both ambient and cold storage.
Control Communication in SDN-based Dynamic Multi-hop Wireless Infrastructure-less Networks (2018)

Nodes in a dynamic wireless network are expected to autonomously self-organize and configure routes for communicating amongst themselves. Such networks have applications in several scenarios, including military, disaster relief and search and rescue operations. Designing a solution for such networks is challenging because of their unique characteristics. Traditionally, decentralized solutions have been sought-after. In the past few years, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has emerged as a promising approach for designing effective solutions for different types of networks. In this paper, we present an SDN-based architecture and a control communication protocol for dynamic multi-hop wireless infrastructure-less networks. In particular, the solution is designed for networks with 1) node mobility and unreliable connectivity, 2) unstructured network topology, 3) limited bandwidth and high interference due to multi-hop communication in a shared channel, 4) no out-of-band communication channel, and 5) no location-tracking services for learning the position of mobile nodes. We evaluate our architecture and control communication protocol in NS-3 and compare the results with two conventional solutions - OLSR and DSDV. The results demonstrate up to 40% reduction in the routing overhead while achieving the same or better throughput than the conventional solutions for networks of size up to 50 nodes.
Etching mechanism of the single-step through-silicon-via dry etch using SF6/C4F8 chemistry (2014)

A single-step etching method using the SF6/C4F8 chemistry is developed in this study as an alternative through-silicon-via (TSV) etching approach of the traditional Bosch process to realize ultrasmooth and vertical TSV profiles. Experimental results show that there is a profile discontinuity, or a “transition,” on the TSV profile produced by the single-step etching method at high bias voltages and high SF6 flow rates. Comparison between the intensity of the species generated in a pure SF6 or a pure C4F8 plasma and in a SF6/C4F8 plasma is investigated for better understanding interactions between SF6 and C4F8. The densities of all positive ions are reduced in the SF6/C4F8 plasma compared to a pure SF6 plasma and a pure C4F8 plasma at the same partial pressure, indicating a change of plasma chemistry when SF6 and C4F8 fluxes are mixed. The formation mechanism of the transition is proposed as a chemistry discontinuity caused by large-angle ion sputtering at the top part of the sidewalls and the polymer accumulation at the bottom part of the sidewalls. The formation of the transition has found to have an effect of improving the sidewall smoothness below the position where it is formed. Parameter study has shown that a decreased bias voltage and a reduced SF6/C4F8 ratio can help to improve the sidewall smoothness and eliminate the transition on the TSV profiles.
Automated Microwave Antenna Alignment of Base Transceiver Station (2011)

This master’s thesis is intended for the solution of Microwave (MW) link alignment which has several applications in modern communication systems. MW communication is used for point to point links with small wavelength and simultaneously compact antenna dimensions. Assuring the automated alignment of antennas provides a better communication between switching stations and allow its subscribers to communicate ceaselessly. In the first part of the work; effects of downtime on a network are discussed and at later stage a mechanism is investigated which will reduce the downtime. MW antenna used in communication systems is regularly affected by environmental factor and generally by wear and tear of mounts. These factors cause the precisely directed antennas to be perturbed from respective main lobes. Larger antennas with narrow main lobes require more sophisticated designing while smaller antennas have a broader main lobe. An automated antenna alignment that works without human intervention can decrease the down time and ensure a reliable communication between the near end and far end terminals of the Base Transceiver Station (BTS). The focus has been laid on a system that works autonomously and for that LabVIEW design and RCX Robonics Kit is used. Results are presented to indicate antenna alignment in automatically synchronized manner.
The Influence of Cyclosporin Immunosuppression on the Efficacy of Famciclovir or Valaciclovir Chemotherapy Studied in a Murine Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection Model (1997)

Mice with or without immunosuppression by cyclosporin (Cy) were inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 1 in the ear pinna. Without immunosuppression, 20% of the mice died; clinical signs resolved in survivors and infectious virus was cleared by 7 to 10 days post-inoculation (p.i.). With Cy, mortality was 50%, clinical signs increased and infectious virus persisted. Mice were treated with either valaciclovir (VACV) or famciclovir (FCV) from days 1–5 or 5–10 p.i. and both compounds moderated the disease, but only FCV led to rapid restoration of body weight and complete protection from mortality. Resolution of clinical signs was more marked with immunosuppression. On cessation of VACV therapy, infectious virus recurred on individual days. Without immunosuppression, recurrence was detected in neural tissues only, but with Cy, infectious virus also recurred in skin. No recurrences of infectious virus were observed in any FCV-treated mice.
Murine Sall1 Represses Transcription by Recruiting a Histone Deacetylase Complex (2002)

The multi-zinc finger proteins of the Sal family regulate organogenesis. Genetic evidence from Drosophila has shown that spalt (sal) can alter gene expression in a cell autonomous fashion, but Sal proteins have never been directly analyzed for their ability to activate or repress transcription. In this report, we show that a member of the Sal family, mouse Sall1, is a potent transcriptional repressor. When fused to a heterologous DNA-binding domain, Sall1 represses transcription of a luciferase reporter by over 100-fold. Expression of the N terminus alone is sufficient for dose-responsive repression that, as shown by deletion analysis, requires the extreme N-terminal amino acids of the protein. The N terminus of Sall1 can repress at both short and long range relative to the promoter, and treatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, trichostatin A, alleviates repression by 3-fold. The same regions of the protein that are required for repression physically interact with components of chromatin remodeling complexes, HDAC1, HDAC2, RbAp46/48, MTA-1, and MTA-2. Finally, we demonstrate that Sall1 is localized to discrete nuclear foci and this localization depends on the N-terminal repression domain. Together, these results suggest that the N terminus of mouse Sall1 can recruit HDAC complexes to mediate transcriptional repression.
Effect of Temperature on Isolation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite from Tuna (Thunnus obesus) Bone (2010)

The effect of temperature on isolation and characterization of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from tuna bone was evaluated at different temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 1200 °C. The calcined bones were characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and cytotoxicity assay. The FTIR and TGA results revealed the presence of inorganic and organic matrices in raw bone and a preserved carbonated group in the derived HAp. The XRD results of the derived HAp were coherent with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS-09-0432/1996) data. In addition, FE-SEM results revealed the formation of nanostructured HAp (80-300 nm) at 600 °C and crystal agglomeration was observed with an increase in temperature. The calcium to phosphorous weight ratio was determined by EDX results of treated bones. Derived HAp with various crystal sizes had no cytotoxicity on the MG 63 cell line. Based on the analysis, we conclude that varying the isolation temperature between 600-900 °C has tremendous impact on the production of HAp from Thunnus obesus with required properties.
Scheduling of Project Networks by Job Assignment (1991)

A recurring problem in project management involves the allocation of scarce resources to the individual jobs comprising the project. In many situations such as audit scheduling, the resources correspond to individuals (skilled labour). This naturally leads to an assignment type project scheduling problem, i.e. a project has to be processed by assigning one of several individuals (resources) to each job. In this paper we consider the nonpreemptive variant of a resource-constrained project job-assignment problem, where job durations as well as costs depend upon the assigned resource. Regarding precedence relations as well as release dates and deadlines, the question arises, to which jobs resources should be assigned in order to minimize overall costs. For solving this time-resource-cost-tradeoff problem we present a hybrid brand and bound/dynamic programming algorithm with a (rather efficient Monte Carlo type) heuristic upper bounding technique as well as various relaxation procedures for determining lower bounds. Computational results are presented as well.
Real-time ray tracing on future mobile computing platform (2013)

In this work, we present a novel mobile computing platfom for mobile ray tracing in which a fast compact hardware accelerator and a flexible programmable shader are combined. Our platform has two key features: 1) an area-efficient parallel pipelined traversal unit; and 2) flexible and high-performance kernels for shading and ray generation. Simulation results show that our platform is potentially a versatile graphics solution for future application processors as it provides a real-time ray tracing performance at full HD resolution that can compete with that of existing desktop GPU ray tracers. Our system is implemented on an FPGA platform, and mobile ray tracing is successfully demonstrated.
Comments on measuring thin-film stresses using bi-layer micromachined beams (1995)

Bi-layer structures are formed by depositing a thin pre-stressed film onto an existing micromachined beam which is made of a base-layer material. The resulting static deformation of the built-up beam is measured through optical profilometry, and the mean residual strain in the thin film is determined by calibrating a strain-deflection model to the measurements. The method is demonstrated with AlCu and diamond-like carbon films that are deposited onto SiO2 cantilevers produced through bulk machining. Critical to the technique is the inclusion of initial and non-ideal deflections of the base-layer cantilever, which have not been reported in previous investigations of the bi-layer method and which can play a significant role in determining the film`s stresses.
Optimizing the medium perfusion rate in bone tissue engineering bioreactors (2010)

There is a critical need to increase the size of bone grafts that can be cultured in vitro for use in regenerative medicine. Perfusion bioreactors have been used to improve the nutrient and gas transfer capabilities and reduce the size limitations inherent to static culture, as well as to modulate cellular responses by hydrodynamic shear. Our aim was to understand the effects of medium flow velocity on cellular phenotype and the formation of bone-like tissues in three-dimensional engineered constructs. We utilized custom-designed perfusion bioreactors to culture bone constructs for 5 weeks using a wide range of superficial flow velocities (80, 400, 800, 1,200, and 1,800 µm/s), corresponding to estimated initial shear stresses ranging from 0.6 to 20 mPa. Increasing the flow velocity significantly affected cell morphology, cell-cell interactions, matrix production and composition, and the expression of osteogenic genes. Within the range studied, the flow velocities ranging from 400 to 800 µm/s yielded the best overall osteogenic responses. Using mathematical models, we determined that even at the lowest flow velocity (80 µm/s) the oxygen provided was sufficient to maintain viability of the cells within the construct. Yet it was clear that this flow velocity did not adequately support the development of bone-like tissue. The complexity of the cellular responses found at different flow velocities underscores the need to use a range of evaluation parameters to determine the quality of engineered bone.