gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolite fingerprinting of pennycress (<i>Thlaspi arvense</i>L.) embryos to assess active pathways during oil synthesis (2015)

Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), a plant naturalized to North America, accumulates high levels of erucic acid in its seeds, which makes it a promising biodiesel and industrial crop. The main carbon sinks in pennycress embryos were found to be proteins, fatty acids, and cell wall, which respectively represented 38.5, 33.2, and 27.0% of the biomass at 21 days after pollination. Erucic acid reached a maximum of 36% of the total fatty acids. Together these results indicate that total oil and erucic acid contents could be increased to boost the economic competitiveness of this crop. Understanding the biochemical basis of oil synthesis in pennycress embryos is therefore timely and relevant to guide future breeding and/or metabolic engineering efforts. For this purpose, a combination of metabolomics approaches was conducted to assess the active biochemical pathways during oil synthesis. First, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling of intracellular metabolites highlighted three main families of compounds: organic acids, amino acids, and sugars/sugar alcohols. Secondly, these intermediates were quantified in developing pennycress embryos by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Finally, partitional clustering analysis grouped the intracellular metabolites that shared a similar pattern of accumulation over time into eight clusters. This study underlined that: (i) sucrose might be stored rather than cleaved into hexoses; (ii) glucose and glutamine would be the main sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively; and (iii) glycolysis, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the Calvin cycle were active in developing pennycress embryos.
Painful olecranon physeal nonunion in an adult weight lifter. A case report. (1995)

Only 3 cases of persistent olecranon physes in adults have been reported previously in literature. In each case, physeal nonunion was present bilaterally and either unilateral, bipartite, or tripartite patellae were present. A case of painful unilateral physeal nonunion in an adult weight lifter is presented. The patient had begun competitive weight lifting when he was 14 years old. Radiographs of the contralateral olecranon and patellae were normal. After failure of conservative treatment, surgical union was achieved, using tension band wiring augmented with autologous iliac crest bone graft. The author proposes that unilateral olecranon physeal nonunion has a mechanical etiology as opposed to a genetic etiology in individuals with bilateral physeal persistence. Surgical treatment in the former group is best delayed until after age 19, to allow adequate time for spontaneous union.
The effects of hydroxyethyl starch solutions on thromboelastography in preoperative male patients (2002)

Infusion of HES 450/0.7/4.6 compromises TEG parameters more than the other solutions tested, whereas HES 130/0.4/9 has the smallest effect. Further outcome-related studies are needed in order to assess the clinical relevance of our findings.
Quality of life in relation to symptoms in patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease — an analysis based on the ProGERD initiative (2003)

GERD causes a significant impairment in the quality of life that can be attenuated or normalized within a time period as short as 2 weeks by treatment with esomeprazole. These findings were similar across the whole GERD patient spectrum.
Optical and structural properties of dislocations in InGaN (2019)

Threading dislocations in thick layers of InxGa1−xN (5% &lt; x &lt; 15%) have been investigated by means of cathodoluminescence, time-resolved cathodoluminescence, and molecular dynamics. We show that indium atoms segregate near dislocations in all the samples. This promotes the formation of In-N-In chains and atomic condensates, which localize carriers and hinder nonradiative recombination at dislocations. We note, however, that the dark halo surrounding the dislocations in the cathodoluminescence image becomes increasingly pronounced as the indium fraction of the sample increases. Using transmission electron microscopy, we attribute the dark halo to a region of lower indium content formed below the facet of the V-shaped pit that terminates the dislocation in low composition samples (x &lt; 12%). For x &gt; 12%, the facets of the V-defect featured dislocation bundles instead of the low indium fraction region. In this sample, the origin of the dark halo may relate to a compound effect of the dislocation bundles, of a variation of surface potential, and perhaps, of an increase in carrier diffusion length.
An optical field-induced ionization X-ray laser using a preformed plasma scheme (1995)

Soft X-ray amplification by optical field-induced ionization (OFI) of a preformed plasma is investigated. A small-signal gain of 20 cm/sup -1/ and a gain-length product of 4 at 13.5 nm on the Lyman-/spl alpha/ transition in hydrogen-like lithium have been obtained using the modified OFI scheme. Experimental and numerical results ensure that we have produced a plasma with a significantly lower electron temperature than what is expected by an above-threshold ionization model. To explain the results, a two component plasma model in which relatively high temperature electrons are produced by OFI in a cold electron bath of the preformed plasma is presented. The model indicates that the average electron temperature of the OFI plasma rapidly decreases since a high-temperature part of the electrons escapes from the focal volume without interaction. The initial electrons produced prior to the field ionization, which survive after the OEI, also significantly contribute to the rapid three-body recombination. Based on the ionization-induced refractive index change, the pulse propagation of a high-intensity pump laser during the OFI is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Raman and SERS microspectroscopy on living cells: a promising tool toward cellular drug response and medical diagnosis</title> (1999)

Raman spectroscopy has been sued to differentiate between sensitive and MDR-resistant cells using Raman spectral imaging with a 632.8 nm excitation wavelength. The comparison between two spectral images allowed to quantify the differences between sensitive and resistant cell lines in term of proteins, lipids when MDR phenotype is expressed. SER spectroscopy has become a powerful and non-invasive probe for investigating the molecular and cellular interaction of drugs with their targets. The comparison between these models allow to elucidate the biological effect of the drugs. The development of new types of SERS- active substrates has extended the applicability of this technique to medical diagnosis. Two kinds of SERS active substrates, characterized as 'bio-compatible' systems, can be used for investigation on single living cells: colloid suspensions and microelectrodes and island films. This methodology is used for the study of cell membrane components in interaction with the SERS substrates with the aim to understand the resistance mechanism. The constitution of a data bank will allow the follow-up of cancer and future monitoring of therapeutic intervention.
Formal verification of ASM designs using the MDG tool (2003)

In this paper, we present a formal hardware verification framework linking ASM with MDG. ASM (Abstract State Machine) is a state based language for describing transition systems. MDG (Multiway Decision Graphs) provides symbolic representation of transition systems with support of abstract sorts and functions. We implemented a transformation tool that automatically generates MDG models from ASM specifications, then formal verification techniques provided by the MDG tool, such as model checking or equivalence checking, can be applied on the generated models. We support this work with a case study of an Island Tunnel Controller, which behavior and structure were specified in ASM then using our ASM-MDG tool successfully verified within the MDG tool.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Induced Cyclization Reaction of endo‐Thioester Substituted Norbornenes Followed by Methylthio Group Rearrangement. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Right to Be Forgotten: Forced Amnesia in a Technological Age, 31 J. Marshall J. Info. Tech. & Privacy L. 133 (2014) (2014)

In the modern era, the connection between technology and one’s personal life has increased the number of moments recorded for posterity. While in many circumstances this is an ideal opportunity for fond recollection, it has the downside of displaying for others our less flattering moments. Because the Internet has such a wide scope, once something has entered its domain, it is virtually impossible to permanently remove. With a public increasingly perceiving this winnowing of privacy as a negative tendency, legislators both at home and abroad have made proposals that attempt to place restrictions on what content social media is allowed to permanently retain. In the United States, while there may be a significant economic interest in websites assuring their users that their data will be deleted upon request, currently there is largely no federal mandate to do so. As a result, most efforts have been initiated at the state level. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of foreign approaches to data retention by private parties, compare these to American efforts to regulate a subsection within the broader concept, and ultimately outline the positive and negative prospects such a reform movement would entail.
From 1 → 3 dendritic designs to fractal supramacromolecular constructs: understanding the pathway to the Sierpiński gasket (2014)

The iterative synthetic protocols used for dendrimer construction were developed based on the desire to easily craft highly branched macromolecules with ideally an exact mass and tailored functionality. Inspired by arboreal design and precursors of the utilitarian macromolecules known as dendrimers today, our first examples employed predesigned, 1 → 3 or 1 → (1 + 2) C-branched, building blocks. Physical characteristics of the dendrimers, including their globular shapes, excellent solubility, and demonstrated aggregation, revealed the inherent supramolecular potential. The architecture that is characteristic of dendritic materials also exhibits obvious fractal qualities based on self-similar, repetitive, branched frameworks. Thus, both the fractal design and supramolecular aspects of these constructs are suggestive of a larger field of fractal materials that incorporate repeating geometries and are derived by complementary building block recognition and assembly. Use of 〈terpyridine-M(2+)-terpyridine〉 connectivity for the sides and tuned directed organic vertices has opened the door to other types of novel materials. This approach also circumvents the nonideality of dendrimers, since the heteroleptic, one-step, spontaneous self-assembly process facilitates quantitative outcomes.
Vibrational investigations of polyoxometalates. 2. Evidence for anion-anion interactions in molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) compounds related to the Keggin structure (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVibrational investigations of polyoxometalates. 2. Evidence for anion-anion interactions in molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) compounds related to the Keggin structureClaude Rocchiccioli-Deltcheff, Michel Fournier, Raymonde Franck, and Rene ThouvenotCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 2, 207–216Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00144a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00144a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8205Altmetric-Citations1557LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
HOTP: An HMAC-Based One-Time Password Algorithm (2005)

This document describes an algorithm to generate one-time password
values, based on Hashed Message Authentication Code (HMAC). A security
analysis of the algorithm is presented, and important parameters
related to the secure deployment of the algorithm are discussed. The
proposed algorithm can be used across a wide range of network
applications ranging from remote Virtual Private Network (VPN) access,
Wi-Fi network logon to transaction-oriented Web applications. This
work is a joint effort by the OATH (Open AuTHentication) membership to
specify an algorithm that can be freely distributed to the technical
community. The authors believe that a common and shared algorithm will
facilitate adoption of two-factor authentication on the Internet by
enabling interoperability across commercial and open-source
implementations. This memo provides information for the Internet
community.
Use of procainamide gels in the purification of human and horse serum cholinesterases (1983)

Two large-scale methods based primarily on the use of procainamide-Sepharose gels were developed for the purification of horse and human serum non-specific cholinesterases. With method I, the procainamide-Sepharose 4B gel was used in the first step to handle large volumes of serum. With method II, the procainamide-Sepharose 4B gel was used in the final step to obtain pure enzyme. Although both methods gave electrophoretically pure cholinesterase preparations in good yields, they were significantly more efficient at purifying the horse enzyme than the human enzyme. To study this problem, the relative binding of human and horse cholinesterases to procainamide-, methylacridinium (MAC)-, m-trimethylammoniophenyl (m-PTA)- and p-trimethylammoniophenyl (p-PTA)-Sepharose 4B gels were measured, by using two approaches. In one, binding was measured by a procedure involving equilibration of pure cholinesterase in a small volume of diluted gel slurry (4%, v/v). A partially purified preparation of Electrophorus acetylcholinesterase was included. Pure human cholinesterase bound consistently more tightly to each of the gels than did horse cholinesterase, and the acetylcholinesterase appeared to bind the gels 10-100 times more tightly than did the non-specific cholinesterases. The order of binding for the cholinesterases, beginning with the tightest, was: procainamide-Sepharose 4B, MAC-Sepharose 4B, p-PTA-Sepharose 4B and m-PTA-Sepharose 4B. For the acetylcholinesterase the order was: MAC-Sepharose 4B, procainamide-Sepharose 4B, p-PTA-Sepharose 4B and m-PTA-Sepharose 4B. The second approach involved passing native sera or partially purified sera fractions through 1 ml test columns of each of the four affinity gels to determine their retention capacity for the cholinesterases. With these impure samples, the MAC-Sepharose 4B gels proved superior to the procainamide-Sepharose 4B gels at retaining human cholinesterase, but the opposite was true for the horse cholinesterase.
Pascal‐plus—another language for modular multiprogramming (1979)

Abstract This paper informally describes the programming language Pascal‐Plus. The language is an extended version of Pascal, incorporating the envelope construct which is an aid to program modularization and data abstraction, the process, monitor and condition constructs which provide a means for representing multiprocessing programs, and a simulation monitor which provides pseudo‐time control facilities for multiprocessing programs.
Self-assembly of small molecules affords multifunctional supramolecular hydrogels for topically treating simulated uranium wounds (2005)

Two types of therapeutic agents, which have discrete yet complementary functions, self-assemble into nanofibers in water to formulate a new supramolecular hydrogel as a self-delivery biomaterial to reduce the toxicity of uranyl oxide at the wound sites.
Pyridinoline collagen cross-links in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis (1996)

The extent of the pyridinoline cross-linking of hepatic collagen does not seem to be responsible for the irreversibility of viral liver fibrosis.
Fusing vision and LIDAR - Synchronization, correction and occlusion reasoning (2010)

Autonomous navigation in unstructured environments like forest or country roads with dynamic objects remains a challenging task, particularly with respect to the perception of the environment using multiple different sensors. The problem has been addressed from both, the computer vision community as well as from researchers working with laser range finding technology, like the Velodyne HDL-64. Since cameras and LIDAR sensors complement one another in terms of color and depth perception, the fusion of both sensors is reasonable in order to provide color images with depth and reflectance information as well as 3D LIDAR point clouds with color information. In this paper we propose a method for sensor synchronization, especially designed for dynamic scenes, a low-level fusion of the data of both sensors and we provide a solution for the occlusion problem that arises in conjunction with different viewpoints of the fusioned sensors.
Evolución de marca de un producto nacional.: Caso: Harina Blancaflor (2002)

El poder semantico del isologo debe relacionarse directamente con los conceptos de posicionamiento, objetivos 
y estrategias comerciales de la empresa, encontrando en esta interaccion, las razones del sostenimiento de 
la imagen de marca, aun en el nuevo siglo. El objetivo del proyecto es acercar a los alumnos al estudio 
morfologico de una de las marcas mas tradicionales de nuestro pais y estudiar el fenomeno por el cual dicha 
marca se conserva en la actualidad.
The 2‐Pyridyl Problem: Challenging Nucleophiles in Cross‐Coupling Arylations (2020)

Azine-containing biaryls are ubiquitous scaffolds in many areas of chemistry, and efficient methods for their synthesis are continually desired. Pyridine rings are prominent amongst these motifs. Transition-metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions have been widely used for their synthesis and functionalisation as they often provide a swift and tuneable route to related biaryl scaffolds. However, 2-pyridine organometallics are capricious coupling partners and 2-pyridyl boron reagents in particular are notorious for their instability and poor reactivity in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The synthesis of pyridine-containing biaryls is therefore limited, and methods for the formation of unsymmetrical 2,2'-bis-pyridines are scarce. This Review focuses on the methods developed for the challenging coupling of 2-pyridine nucleophiles with (hetero)aryl electrophiles, and ranges from traditional cross-coupling processes to alternative nucleophilic reagents and novel main group approaches.
The genetics of inflammatory bowel disease. (1997)

<b>Background:</b> There is limited insight into the attributable effect of anemia and comorbidity on functional status and mortality in old age. <b>Methods:</b> The Leiden 85-plus Study is a population-based prospective follow-up study of 562 people aged 85 years. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria. We measured 3 parameters of functional status at baseline and annually thereafter for 5 years: disability in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive function and the presence of depressive symptoms. We obtained mortality data from the municipal registry. <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of anemia at baseline was 26.7% (150/562). Participants who had anemia at baseline had more disability in activities of daily living, worse cognitive function and more depressive symptoms than participants without anemia at baseline (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01). These differences disappeared after adjustment for comorbidity. After adjustment for comorbidity in the prospective analyses, anemia at baseline was associated with an additional increase in disability in instrumental activities of daily living during follow-up; incident anemia during follow-up (<i>n</i> = 99) was associated with an additional increase in disability in basic activities of daily living. Prevalent and incident anemia were both associated with an increased risk of death, even after we adjusted for sex, education level, income, residence in a long-term care facility, C-reactive protein level, creatinine clearance and the presence of disease (hazard ratio for prevalent anemia 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13 to 1.76; hazard ratio for incident anemia 2.08, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.70). <b>Interpretation:</b> Anemia in very elderly people appears to be associated with an increased risk of death, independent of comorbidity. However, the associated functional decline appears to be attributed mainly to comorbidity.
A device for coupling a pulse height discriminator to a scanning X-ray spectrometer (1964)

A simple control device has been developed to synchronize a single-channel pulse height discriminator with the rotation of the crystal in an X-ray spectrometer over an energy range of 1: 8. Both the bias voltage and the window width of the discriminator are continuously adjusted. The spectrometer had a 50 kV tungsten target X-ray tube, an LiF analysing crystal and a scintillation counter. With this arrangement the line-to-background ration for a wavelength of about 2.8 A is improved by a factor of 33 compared with results obtained without a discriminator. Second-order reflections were attenuated within the whole waveband 0.35 2.8 A by a factor of at least 60, and third-order reflections by a factor of at least 400.
Alzheimer’s Disease Can Be Spared by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (2017)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by deposits of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) in brain which become foci of inflammation. Neurons are destroyed by this inflammatory process, leading to the cognitive deficits which define AD clinical onset. Epidemiological studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can ameliorate this destructive process if they are started well before clinical signs develop. Biomarker studies indicate that the disease process starts at least a decade before cognitive deficits appear. This pre-clinical onset explains the NSAID effect. It also opens a window of opportunity for preventive treatment that can be met with a simple diagnostic test. Salivary levels of Aβ42 may fulfill that need. They can be measured by a simple ELISA test we have developed using commercially available reagents. By this ELISA test, normal controls, who are not at risk for AD, have levels of Aβ42 close to 20 pg/ml. AD cases, as well as high level controls, secrete levels in the range of 40-85 pg/ml. Widespread application of this test to detect high level controls, followed by NSAID consumption, could substantially reduce the prevalence of AD.