gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Microdialysis as a Technique to Monitor Drug Transport: Correlation of Extracellular Cocaine Levels and Dopamine Overflow in the Rat Brain (1988)

A sensitive and rapid HPLC-UV method for in vivo determinations of cocaine levels in extracellular fluid of specific brain regions and plasma is described. Free drug levels resulting from intravenous administration of cocaine were sampled using in vivo microdialysis probes simultaneously located in the jugular vein, nucleus accumbens, and anteromedial caudate-putamen of halothane-anesthetized rats. In a separate group of animals, the influence of cocaine on extracellular dopamine concentrations in the anteromedial caudate-putamen was also assessed. The time dependences of changes in cocaine concentration in each of the above regions were congruent, and peak concentrations were reached 10 min after the drug was administered. The half-lives of cocaine in the blood, nucleus accumbens, and anteromedial caudate-putamen were estimated to be 31.5, 29.1, and 21.4 min, respectively. A repeated injection of cocaine, given 90 min later, produced a maximal cocaine level and pharmacokinetic profile that were indistinguishable from those of the initial infusion. Cocaine was concentrated to a greater extent in brain than in blood, a feature consistent with the action of a lipophilic drug. In addition, extracellular dopamine levels measured in the anteromedial caudate-putamen following cocaine infusions closely mirrored those of cocaine itself. The ability to measure the free concentration of drugs by microdialysis should be applicable to a wide range of in vivo pharmacological studies.
Histologic classification of prostate cancer. (2015)

Apart from the typical acinar morphology observed in more than 90% of prostatic adenocarcinomas, a spectrum of morphological variants and prostate cancer subtypes exists. Two nosologically different groups can be distinguished: the variants of conventional acinar cancer and cancers with histological pattern, which are unusual for the prostate. Variants of conventional prostate cancer (pseudohyperplastic, foamy gland, hypernephroid, atrophic, microcystic, with Paneth cell-like changes, with collagenous micronodules, with glomeruloid formations, oncocytic) do not have any known prognostic significance and are graded according to the Gleason system. Unusual cancer types (ductal carcinoma, mucinous [colloid] carcinoma, mucinous signet ring cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma and carcinosarcoma, pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma, squamous and adenosquamous carcinoma, basal cell and adenoid cystic carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, primary urothelial carcinoma of the prostate) have mostly a very poor prognosis and are therefore real nosological entities.
Effect of Spatial Homogeneity of Spin Polarization on Magnetic Field Response of an Optically Pumped Atomic Magnetometer Using a Hybrid Cell of K and Rb Atoms (2012)

We measured the spatial homogeneity of spin polarization, which is directly related to the sensitivity and magnetic linewidth of an optically pumped atomic magnetometer with a hybrid cell of K and Rb atoms. This was done by changing the position of the probe beam. Furthermore, for comparison, we also measured the sensitivity and magnetic linewidth of atomic magnetometers with single K and single Rb cells, and found that optically thick atoms were spin polarized homogeneously with the hybrid cell. Optically thin alkali metal vapor can be spin polarized homogeneously, and the spin polarization transfers to an optically thick alkali metal vapor. An atomic magnetometer with the hybrid cell was found to be more effective in realizing simultaneous signal measurements at different locations with the uniform sensitivity and magnetic linewidth.
An image processing architecture and a motion control method for an autonomous vehicle (2003)

Describes the vision based road boundary extraction method and the trajectory control method. The authors have developed a real-time Hough transform module using the original algorithm. They improved the quadratic prediction model to the two-state prediction model for the trajectory control. They assumed that the road considered for this type of car would be highways defined by the Road Structure Standard in Japan.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Silencing of the Aspergillopepsin B ( <i>pepB</i> ) Gene of <i>Aspergillus awamori</i> by Antisense RNA Expression or Protease Removal by Gene Disruption Results in a Large Increase in Thaumatin Production (2002)

Aspergillopepsin B was identified in culture broths of Aspergillus awamori by in situ detection of its proteolytic activity and by immunodetection with anti-aspergillopepsin B antibodies. Severe thaumatin degradation was observed after in vitro treatment of thaumatin with purified aspergillopepsin B. The pepB gene encoding aspergillopepsin B of A. awamori was cloned and characterized. It is located in chromosome IV of A. awamori, as shown by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and encodes a protein of 282 amino acids with high similarity to the aspergillopepsin B of Aspergillus niger var. macrosporus. The pepB gene is expressed at high rates as a monocistronic 1.0-kb transcript in media with casein at acidic pH values. An antisense cassette constructed by inserting the pepB gene in the antisense orientation downstream from the gpdA promoter resulted in a good level of antisense mRNA, as shown by reverse transcription-PCR. Partial silencing of the pepB gene by the antisense mRNA resulted in a 31% increase in thaumatin yield. However, significant residual degradation of thaumatin still occurred. To completely remove aspergillopepsin B, the pepB gene was deleted by double crossover. Two of the selected transformants lacked the endogenous pepB gene and did not form aspergillopepsin B. Thaumatin yields increased by between 45% in transformant APB 7/25 and 125% in transformant 7/36 with respect to the parental strain. Reduction of proteolytic degradation by gene silencing with antisense mRNA or total removal of the aspergillopepsin B by directed gene deletion was a very useful method for improving thaumatin production in A. awamori.
Genetic diversity of Trichoderma atroviride strains collected in Poland and identification of loci useful in detection of within-species diversity (2015)

Molecular markers that enable monitoring of fungi in their natural environment or assist in the identification of specific strains would facilitate Trichoderma utilization, particularly as an agricultural biocontrol agent (BCA). In this study, sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene cluster, a fragment of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were applied to determine the genetic diversity of Trichoderma atroviride strains collected in Poland, and also in order to identify loci and PCR-based molecular markers useful in genetic variation assessment of that fungus. Although tef1 and RAPD analysis showed limited genetic diversity among T. atroviride strains collected in Poland, it was possible to distinguish major groups that clustered most of the analyzed strains. Polymorphic RAPD amplicons were cloned and sequenced, yielding sequences representing 13 T. atroviride loci. Based on these sequences, a set of PCR-based markers specific to T. atroviride was developed and examined. Three cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers could assist in distinguishing T. atroviride strains. The genomic regions identified may be useful for further exploration and development of more precise markers suitable for T. atroviride identification and monitoring, especially in environmental samples.
Protective Effects of Bifidobacterial Strains Against Toxigenic Clostridium difficile (2018)

Probiotics might offer an attractive alternative to prevent and control <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (<i>C. difficile</i>) infection (CDI). Limited information is available on the ability of commercially used bifidobacterial strains to inhibit <i>C. difficile</i>. This study examined the anti-clostridial effects of <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> JDM301, a widely used commercial probiotic strain in China, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. <i>In vitro</i> evaluation revealed a significant reduction in <i>C. difficile</i> counts when JDM301 was co-cultured with <i>C. difficile</i>, which was correlated with the significant decrease in clostridial toxin titres (TcdA and TcdB). Furthermore, the cell-free culture supernatants (CFS) of JDM301 inhibited <i>C. difficile</i> growth and degraded TcdA and TcdB. Notably, the results showed that acid pH promoted the degradation of TcdA by CFS from JDM301. Furthermore, comparative studies among 10 <i>B. longum</i> strains were performed, which showed that the inhibitory effect of CFS from JDM301 was similar with the other 8 <i>B. longum</i> strains and higher than strain BLY1. However, when it was neutralized, the significant different was lost. When present together, it was suggested that the acid pH induced by probiotics not only played important roles in the growth inhibition against <i>C. difficile</i> resulting in the reduction of toxins titres, but also directly promoted the degradation of clostridial toxin. <i>In vivo</i> studies proved that JDM301 partially relieved damage to tissues caused by <i>C. difficile</i> and also decreased the number of <i>C. difficile</i> and toxin levels. In summary, our results demonstrated that the commercial strain, JDM301 could be considered a probiotic able to exert anti-toxin capability and most of the CFS from <i>Bifidobacterium</i> were able to inhibit the growth of <i>C. difficile</i>, depending on acid pH. These results highlighted a potential that JDM301 could be helpful in preventing CDI and that most of the bifidobacterial strains could (at least partially) exert protective effects by reducing toxin titres through growth inhibition against toxigenic <i>C. difficile</i>.
Thermal strain imaging: a review (2011)

Thermal strain imaging (TSI) or temporal strain imaging is an ultrasound application that exploits the temperature dependence of sound speed to create thermal (temporal) strain images. This article provides an overview of the field of TSI for biomedical applications that have appeared in the literature over the past several years. Basic theory in thermal strain is introduced. Two major energy sources appropriate for clinical applications are discussed. Promising biomedical applications are presented throughout the paper, including non-invasive thermometry and tissue characterization. We present some of the limitations and complications of the method. The paper concludes with a discussion of competing technologies.
Abstract 4374: G-CSF Treatment Improves Cardiac Function In postmyocarditic Cardiomyopathy By Enhanced Circulation And Homing Of CD34+ Progenitor Cell Populations (2008)

Objective : Recently, it was shown that the physiologic repair mechanism of mobilization and homing of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMCs) is impaired in dilated cardiomyopathy. In our study we aimed to analyze circulation and homing of CD34 + progenitor cell populations in a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy due to coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) induced myocarditis and the influence of G-CSF treatment on BMC homing and cardiac function. Methods and Results : First, SWR/J (H-2q)-mice were infected by intraperitoneal injection of 10 5 pfu CVB3. Healthy, age-matched SWR/J (H-2q)-mice served as controls. 12 weeks after infection, DCM was verified by MRI/Millar-tip-catheter and histology. In DCM mice, CD34 + BMC populations (CD34 + CD31 + , CD34 + Sca-1 + , CD34 + c-kit + and CD34 + CXCR-4 + ) measured by flow cytometry were significantly increased in peripheral blood, decreased in bone marrow and remained unchanged in the hearts in comparison to controls. Different from ischemic heart diseases, myocardial homing factors (SDF-1, SCF, HIF-1a, VCAM and HGF) assessed by real-time PCR were not upregulated in the CVB3-DCM group. Finally, 18 DCM-CVB3 mice were analyzed by MRI 8 weeks after CVB3 infection and randomized into G-CSF-or saline-treatment (100 μg/20μl s.c. daily for 2× 5 days). 12 weeks after infection, cardiac function was assessed using MRI: Change of ejection fraction was significantly better in the G-CSF-group compared to the controls (4.1±1.8 vs. −2.5±2.2%; p=0.03). The improvement of cardiac function was associated with enhanced homing of BMC subpopulations. Conclusions : We have shown that postmyocarditic cardiomyopathy is associated with a reduced migration of BMCs to the cardiomyopathic hearts due to a lack of increase of homing factors. This defect can partly be overcome by G-CSF-administration resulting in an increased number of stem cells in the myocardium and leading to a moderately improved cardiac function. Therefore our data provides new insights in the pathogenesis of dilated cariomyopathy and presents a promising non-invasive approach to ameliorate heart failure.
Export of Cellubrevin from the Endoplasmic Reticulum Is Controlled by BAP31 (1997)

Cellubrevin is a ubiquitously expressed membrane protein that is localized to endosomes throughout the endocytotic pathway and functions in constitutive exocytosis. We report that cellubrevin binds with high specificity to BAP31, a representative of a highly conserved family of integral membrane proteins that has recently been discovered to be binding proteins of membrane immunoglobulins. The interaction between BAP31 and cellubrevin is sensitive to high ionic strength and appears to require the transmembrane regions of both proteins. No other proteins of liver membrane extracts copurified with BAP31 on immobilized recombinant cellubrevin, demonstrating that the interaction is specific. Synaptobrevin I bound to BAP31 with comparable affinity, whereas only weak binding was detectable with synaptobrevin II. Furthermore, a fraction of BAP31 and cellubrevin was complexed when each of them was quantitatively immunoprecipitated from detergent extracts of fibroblasts (BHK 21 cells). During purification of clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes, BAP31 did not cofractionate with cellubrevin. Rather, the protein was enriched in ER-containing fractions. When BHK cells were analyzed by immunocytochemistry, BAP31 did not overlap with cellubrevin, but rather colocalized with resident proteins of the ER. In addition, immunoreactive vesicles were clustered in a paranuclear region close to the microtubule organizing center, but different from the Golgi apparatus. When microtubules were depolymerized with nocodazole, this accumulation disappeared and BAP31 was confined to the ER. Truncation of the cytoplasmic tail of BAP31 prevented export of cellubrevin, but not of the transferrin receptor from the ER. We conclude that BAP31 represents a novel class of sorting proteins that controls anterograde transport of certain membrane proteins from the ER to the Golgi complex.
Fabrication and Electrochemical Photovoltaic Response of CdSe Nanorod Arrays (2008)

CdSe nanorod electrode arrays with the nanorods aligned normal to the substrate were fabricated using porous aluminum oxide (PAO) templates. Photovoltaic characteristics were determined electrochemically in an aqueous solution using polysulfide (Sn2−) as the redox mediator. Isolating the back electrode from the electrolyte with a 100-nm-thick TiO2 barrier layer increased the open circuit voltage from −0.23 to −0.34 V and the fill factor from 0.42 to 0.57. Depending on the electrolyte concentration, IPCE values between 2.5 and 8% were observed at an incident wavelength of 500 nm. Internal quantum efficiencies were estimated to approach 50%. This architecture could be beneficial for the fabrication of bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices in conjunction with solution-deposited semiconducting inorganic nanoparticles or organic semiconductors.
Company Secretary: Good Governance - a Tool for Better Management and Outcomes (2010)

Life as a senior public servant isn't easy. The obligations which fall to them include a wide range of legislative requirements and cross-government standards and guidelines. Just working out exactly what you have to do is a challenge in itself, even before taking into account the core business in which your agency is engaged.
Low-voltage multi-level flash memory: determination of minimum spacing between multi-levels [CMOS] (2002)

This paper reports that cell reliability issues (e.g. V/sub T/ spread, program disturb, read disturb, subthreshold leakage current, and charge retention), read scheme, and cell structures are the factors for minimizing V/sub T/ spacing for multi-level storage in flash memory. A 2T cell structure is proposed for wider V/sub T/ window, high speed read, and smaller V/sub T/ spacing in order to store more V/sub T/ levels than 1T cell.
Optimization of process window simulations for litho-friendly design framework (2006)

Cutting edge technology node manufacturers are always researching how to increase yield while still optimally using silicon wafer area, this way these technologies will appeal more to designers. Many problems arise with such requirements, most important is the failure of plain layout geometric checks to capture yield limiting features in designs, if these features are recognized at an early stage of design, it can save a lot of efforts at the fabrication end. A new trend of verification is to couple geometric checks with lithography simulations at the designer space. A lithography process has critical parameters that control the quality of its resulting output. Unfortunately some of these parameters can not be kept constant during the exposure process, and the variability of these parameters should be taken into consideration during the lithography simulations, and the lithography simulations are performed multiple times with these variables set at the different values they can have during the actual process. This significantly affects the runtime for verification. In this paper the authors are presenting a methodology to carefully select only needed values for varying lithography parameters; that would capture the process variations and improve runtime due to reduced simulations. The selected values depend on the desired variation for each parameter considered in the simulations. The method is implemented as a tool for qualification of different design techniques.
A streamer-like atmospheric pressure plasma jet (2008)

The properties of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) are examined in a single-cell dielectric capillary configuration. In contrast to some other flow-driven APPJs, this stable, cold plasma jet is electrically driven, composed of rapidly propagating ionization fronts with speeds of the order of 107cm∕s. Using spatially and temporally resolved optical diagnostics, it is demonstrated that the plasma jet is initiated independent of the dielectric barrier discharge inside the capillary. It is also shown that the properties and dynamics of this APPJ are directly analogous to those of positive corona streamer discharges.
Study of the wideband behavior of an in-plane electromagnetic MEMS energy harvester (2013)

A in-plane wideband MEMS electromagnetic energy harvester (EM-EH) has been developed by incorporating nonlinear suspension structures and mechanical stoppers. To study the effect and advantage of mechanical stoppers and nonlinear suspensions on the wideband behavior, three prototypes of EM-EH devices have been developed. It is found that prototype I with two-side nonlinear suspensions h as a strong hardening effect and subsequently a large resonance shift while at the cost of a short operating bandwidth. Without the nonlinear suspension in prototype III, a wider bandwidth can be achieved by the effect of only the mechanical stoppers.
Random address 32*32 programmable analog vector-matrix multiplier for artificial neural networks (2002)

A randomly addressable and programmable 32*32 analog vector-matrix multiplier was designed and fabricated using a standard 2 mu m p-well CMOS technology. Fully differential random address decoders are used for input and output multiplexing and for writing capacitively stored weights to the multiplier sites. Weight storage measurements show the double capacitive storage approach can have a 1% accuracy at 90 degrees C. The multiplier has been characterized at DC values, and has demonstrated good weight retention at high temperatures. A multiplier total harmonic distortion of 1 to 2% has been measured for expected voltage input ranges.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new approach to the study of sequence‐dependent properties of polynucleotides (1970)

Abstract A sequence‐dependent properly of any long polynucleotide can be related to the properties of a limited number of other polynucleotides. The properties of the constituent sequence subunits need not be individually known. Only the properties of a set of linearly independent sequence combinations in polymers need be known. The number of independent sequences depends on the number of neighboring bases (or base pairs) contributing to the property and on the number of different bases (or base pairs) allowed. General formulae are derived. If only nearest neighbors contribute to a property, there are 13 linearly independent single‐strand sequences with four different bases and there are 8 linearly independent double‐strand sequences with two different base pairs. The study of independent sequences in polymers should be especially useful with double‐stranded polynucleotides. It should be possible by this polymer approach to estimate nearest‐neighbor frequencies from the circular dichroism of double strands and also to investigate the relation between solution conformation and double‐strand sequence.
Dermal Lipogenesis Inhibits Adiponectin Production in Human Dermal Fibroblasts while Exogenous Adiponectin Administration Prevents against UVA-Induced Dermal Matrix Degradation in Human Skin (2016)

Adiponectin is one of the most abundant adipokines from the subcutaneous fat, and regulates multiple activities through endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine mechanisms. However, its expression in adipogenic induced fibroblasts, and the potential role in photoaging has not been determined. Here, human dermal fibroblasts, Hs68, were presented as a cell model of dermal lipogenesis through stimulation of adipogenic differentiation medium (ADM). Similar to other studies in murine pre-adipocyte models (i.e., 3T3-L1), Hs68 fibroblasts showed a tendency to lipogenesis based on lipid accumulation, triglyceride formation, and the expressions of PPAR-γ, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and FABP4 mRNA. As expected, ADM-treated fibroblasts displayed a reduction on adiponectin expression. Next, we emphasized the photoprotective effects of adiponectin against UVA-induced damage in Hs68 fibroblasts. UVA radiation can downregulate cell adhesion strength and elastic modulus of Hs68 fibroblasts. Moreover, UVA radiation could induce the mRNA expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), but downregulate the mRNA expressions of type I and type III collagen. On the other hand, post-treatment of adiponectin can partially overcome UVA-induced reduction in the cell adhesion strength of Hs68 fibroblasts through the activation of AdipoR1 and the suppression of EGF-R. In addition, post-treatment of adiponectin indicated the increase of type III collagen and elastin mRNA expression and the decrease of MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA expression, but a limited degree of recovery of elastic modulus on UVA-irradiated Hs68 fibroblasts. Overall, these results suggest that dermal lipogenesis may inhibit the expression of adiponectin while exogenous adiponectin administration prevents against UVA-induced dermal matrix degradation in Hs68 fibroblasts.