gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiology of insulin secretion: problems of quantity and timing. (1985)

If normal physiology could be restored to diabetic subjects, their susceptibility to complications should decline. There are considerable problems in trying to achieve this, for each individual needs the correct quantity of insulin, and the time patterns of normal insulin secretion are complex and difficult to mimic. The pancreas secretes insulin in response to both metabolic and neural cues, and a study of normal physiology is helpful in outlining the principles of insulin therapy.
A powerful eyesafe infrared aerosol lidar: Application of stimulated Raman backscattering of 1.06 μm radiation (1994)

A powerful infrared aerosol lidar operating at the eyesafe wavelength of 1.56 μm has been developed. More than 140 mJ per pulse are obtained from stimulated Raman backscattering narrow-band Nd:YAG laser radiation in deuterium. The mobile lidar system was successfully applied during the VAST and MAPTIP international aerosol field campaigns in 1992 and 1993. A range between 0.3 and more than 10 km is demonstrated for slant-path measurements in the presence of aerosols or cirrus clouds.
LP‐2: <i>Late‐News Poster</i> : Home Base‐Shaped Inner Magnetic Shield (2000)

Abstract An inner magnetic shield, which substantially improves the terrestrial magnetic characteristic, was developed for a CRT with a tensioned shadow mask. We proved that (1) the shape of the inner magnetic shield, (2) the joint resistance of each component, and (3) the material and tension of shadow mask all contributed to the magnetic characteristic. Based on our research, a ‘home base’‐shaped inner magnetic shield was developed and the performance was improved and nearly equivalent conventional CRT with a press mask.
Evaluation of surgical performance with intracameral mydriatics in phacoemulsification surgery (2004)

From this clinical evaluation, our impression is that ICM performs well in routine phacoemulsification surgery.
Microperoxidase 8 catalyzed nitration of phenol by nitrogen dioxide radicals (2001)

Microperoxidase 8 (MP8) is a heme octapeptide obtained by hydrolytic digestion of horse heart cytochrome c. At pH below 9, the heme iron is axially coordinated to the imidazole side chain of His18 and to a water molecule. Replacement of this weak ligand by H2O2 allows the formation of high-valent iron-oxo species which are responsible for both peroxidase-like and cytochrome P450-like activities of MP8. This paper shows that MP8 is able to catalyze the nitration of phenol by nitrite. The reaction requires H2O2 and is inhibited by ligands having a high affinity for the iron, catalase and radical scavengers. This suggests that the nitrating species could be NO2* radicals formed by the oxidation of nitrite by high-valent iron-oxo species. This new activity of MP8 opens a new access to nitro-aromatic compounds under mild conditions and validates the use of this minienzyme to mimick heme peroxidases, especially in the reactions of NO-derived species with biomolecules under oxidative stress conditions.
Cross-polarization level in radiation from a microstrip dipole antenna (1988)

A description is given of the cross-polarization level in radiation from a small horizontal electric dipole (HED) on a flat grounded dielectric substrate. The study is directed toward the design of a very low cross-polarization level in a linear array of microstrip antenna elements. Field expressions for a copolarized and cross-polarized microstrip HED for any arbitrary dipole orientation and array direction are derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Security of various knots commonly used in surgical practice. (1984)

Twelve kinds of knots commonly used in surgical practice were tested with respect to holding power, expressed as loop-holding capacity. Two synthetic absorbable suture materials were used: nonlubricated polyglycolic acid (Dexon-S) and lubricated polyglactin-910 (Vicryl). The knots were selected on the basis of an inquiry among 25 experienced gynecologists, well known in the field of gynecologic surgery. Five of the 12 knots were sliding knots, four were square knots, and the remaining three were surgical knots. Sliding knots were routinely used by 20 of the 25 respondents (80%). The loop-holding capacity of various knots differed widely, ranging from 5 to 65% of the tensile strength of the unknotted thread. Square knots were stronger than sliding knots, and, in general, the holding power could be increased by adding extra throws to the knot. The findings revealed that the properties of various knots used in surgical practice differ considerably. Therefore, sufficient knowledge about knot configuration and knot strength seems to be an important and basic aspect of surgical handicraft.
On the Analysis of Electronic Velocities by Electrostatic Means (1929)

In magnetic analysis of electronic velocities the plane containing the receiving slit is placed at the angle ${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{m}=180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ to the plane containing the entrance slit. The "resolution," at ${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{m}$, between two electrons of velocities $V$ and $v$ both entering normally to the plane of the entrance slit, is ${d}_{m}=2\ensuremath{\beta}{r}_{0}$, where $\ensuremath{\beta}=\frac{(V\ensuremath{-}v)}{V}$. The "departure from perfect re-focussing," at ${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{m}$ of two electrons of velocity $V$, one entering normally to the plane of the entrance list and the other at an angle $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ to the normal, is ${s}_{m}={\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}{r}_{0}$. Since in some experiments the use of a magnetic field is a disadvantage, it is of interest to investigate the analyzing possibilities of electrostatic fields. In the present paper the radial, inverse first power, electrostatic field is considered in this connection. It is found that by a proper construction of the apparatus it should be possible to analyze velocities almost as well as by magnetic means. The plane of the receiving slit should be placed at the angle ${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{e}=127\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}{17}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ to the plane of the entrance slit. The resolution at this angle is given by ${d}_{e}=(2\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}4{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}){r}_{0}$, and the "departure from perfect re-focussing" by ${s}_{e}=\frac{4{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}{r}_{0}}{3}$. It is also found that the 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} positions of the plane of the receiving slit are highly unsatisfactory. These results are obtained from approximate solutions of the equation of the electronic orbits, and are checked by numerical integration.
Proteolytic Activity of HtpX, a Membrane-bound and Stress-controlled Protease from Escherichia coli (2005)

Escherichia coli HtpX is a putative membrane-bound zinc metalloprotease that has been suggested to participate in the proteolytic quality control of membrane proteins in conjunction with FtsH, a membrane-bound and ATP-dependent protease. Here, we biochemically characterized HtpX and confirmed its proteolytic activities against membrane and soluble proteins. HtpX underwent self-degradation upon cell disruption or membrane solubilization. Consequently, we purified HtpX under denaturing conditions and then refolded it in the presence of a zinc chelator. When supplemented with Zn2+, the purified enzyme exhibited self-cleavage activity. In the presence of zinc, it also degraded casein and cleaved a solubilized membrane protein, SecY. We verified its ability to cleave SecY in vivo by overproducing both HtpX and SecY. These results showed that HtpX is a zinc-dependent endoprotease member of the membrane-localized proteolytic system in E. coli.
25.2 A 1.2V 8Gb 8-channel 128GB/s high-bandwidth memory (HBM) stacked DRAM with effective microbump I/O test methods using 29nm process and TSV (2014)

Increasing demand for higher-bandwidth DRAM drive TSV technology development. With the capacity of fine-pitch wide I/O [1], DRAM can be directly integrated on the interposer or host chip and communicate with the memory controller. However, there are many limitations, such as reliability and testability, in developing the technology. It is advantageous to adopt a logic-interface chip between the interposer and stacked-DRAM with thousands of TSV. The logic interface chip in the base level of high-bandwidth memory (HBM) decreases the C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IO</inf> , repairs the chip-to-chip connection failure, and supports better testability and improves reliability.
Improved state-space and phase-plane error table compensation of analogue-to-digital converters using pseudo-random calibration signals (1994)

This paper shows that the use of pseudo-random calibration signals gives much better error table coverage than the conventional sinusoidal signals, resulting in better ADC compensation. The phase-plane and state-space error table coverage of the new random calibration signals is compared to that of the conventional sinusoidal calibration signals. For a known nonlinear system, the state-space error tables are generated using both types of calibration signals. The results are compared with the theoretical error table of the system, Each error table is used to compensate the system and the results are compared.
Surface Mount Design and Assembly for High Density Complex Modules (1987)

A packaging system has been developed using surface mounted components on ceramic substrates for conductive-cooling applications. This has resulted in a high density, high reliability, and highly producible product. A 20 square-inch module can mount up to 150 leadless chip carriers and can dissipate up to 30 W with a maximum junction temperature (Tj) of 90°C. Design guidelines, processing, and assembly techniques geared to surface mount devices for this high density ceramic thick-film multilayer interconnect board will be presented. Constraints regarding the thermal characteristics and physical dimensions of the devices and the limitations of CAD routers, processing equipment, and automatic assembly equipment will also be discussed. Design guidelines regarding the electrical characteristics, such as capacitance and resistance in terms of layout and processing, will be defined. Timing criticality and busing layout guidelines will be discussed. Processing design considerations such as power and ground planes, conductor layers, layout boundaries, and surface mount footprints will be outlined. Other considerations taken during the placement, routing, and artwork phases will be presented, as well as those items to be considered during the processing flow. The assembly process will be discussed emphasising problems that can be encountered with tinning, placement, reflow, and cleaning. Rework of defective surface mount components will be reviewed in addition to considerations for design modifications.
Preparation of 3-Methyl-3-(substituted phenyl)-pyruvic Acid (1976)

Journal Article Preparation of 3-Methyl-3-(substituted phenyl)-pyruvic Acid Get access Katsura Kogure, Katsura Kogure Research Center, Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd., Tsurugaoka, Ohi-machi, Iruma District, Saitama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Noriyoshi Sueda, Noriyoshi Sueda Research Center, Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd., Tsurugaoka, Ohi-machi, Iruma District, Saitama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kunio Nakagawa, Kunio Nakagawa Research Center, Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd., Tsurugaoka, Ohi-machi, Iruma District, Saitama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideaki Fukawa Hideaki Fukawa Research Center, Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd., Tsurugaoka, Ohi-machi, Iruma District, Saitama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 2, 1 February 1976, Pages 435–436, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1976.10862066 Published: 01 February 1976 Article history Received: 12 September 1975 Published: 01 February 1976
Aeroacoustic Comparison of Airfoil Leading Edge High-Lift Geometries and Supports (2007)

*† ‡ Slat noise originates due to unsteady flow within the slat cove and in the trailing edge wake of the slat. An aeroacoustic study was conducted in the 5½-by-4-foot Cambridge University Markham wind tunnel in order to further understand and treat slat noise. A twopart wing and slat model was used for this research. Separate low and high frequency phased microphone arrays consisting of 48 channels each were used to determine the source strengths associated with the noise within the slat cove. The aerodynamic forces on the models were determined separately using a three component overhead force-balance. Modifications to the airfoil geometry were made in order to analyze their effectiveness in reducing the overall leading edge noise. The alterations reported here are filling in the slat cove and drooping the leading edge geometry. The slat brackets were identified as significant contributors to the cumulative noise from the slat region and thus a supplementary study on a simple plate bracket, a cylindrical and an I-beam shaped bracket. The models were tested at angles of attack from six to sixteen degrees, and at flow speeds of 20, 30, and 40 m/s. Boundary layer trips were used to simulate the full-scale, high Reynolds number flow. The tests confirmed that the slat is a significant source of noise. A drooped profile is successful in removing the slat noise with a small reduction in aerodynamic performance. A filled cove on the other hand reduces the sources of noise by a few decibels. However, the concept is less effective than hoped due to the enhancement of other sources of noise. The force balance results show that, after filling in the slat cove, the model stalls prematurely. Thus, for modifications reported here, any acoustic benefits are likely to be accompanied by aerodynamic performance penalties. The I-beam supports induce a greater acoustic intensity than a cylindrical support, and both are noisier than a plate support. Additionally, the contribution to the overall noise in the slat region, from supports, is greater at the lower freestream velocities.
Diels–Alder Ligation and Surface Immobilization of Proteins (2005)

Mild attachment: Proteins can be ligated chemoselectively and immobilized on functionalized glass surfaces by means of Diels–Alder cycloadditions (see scheme).
Wireless Power Transfer during Displacement Using Electromagnetic Coupling in Resonance -Magnetic-versus Electric-Type Antennas- (2010)

This paper proposes a novel way for achieving wireless power transfer from a transmitting antenna to a receiving antenna. This technique is suitable for charging electric vehicles (EVs) because the proposed antennas can transfer power wirelessly with high efficiencies when the antennas are displaced and have large air gaps. This technique utilizes near-field antennas at resonance; however, this technique is still being perfected. This paper describes this techniques' analysis, its results, as well as the possible antennas that are suitable for EVs.
Randomised clinical trial: faecal microbiota transplantation by colonoscopy vs. vancomycin for the treatment of recurrent <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (2015)

Faecal microbiota transplantation using colonoscopy to infuse faeces was significantly more effective than vancomycin regimen for the treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection. The delivery of donor faeces via colonoscopy has the potential to optimise the treatment strategy in patients with pseudomembranous colitis.
Determinants of kayak paddling performance (2009)

Successful kayak paddling requires a powerful and skilful paddler with an appropriately designed kayak and blade to effectively maximize power to provide forward propulsion and minimize negative drag forces. With a greater understanding of the biomechanical properties and design characteristics of kayaking, coaches and athletes can work towards successful paddling performances. Examination of what is occurring biomechanically under the stress of competition is an important step in improving race times. Since the introduction of kayaking as a sport, an increase in the understanding and research behind the biomechanics of flatwater kayaking has, in part, contributed to improved race times. This information may aid coaches in the development of more specific training programmes for their athletes. It is the purpose of this paper to review previous literature regarding the biomechanical principles of flatwater kayaking and certain design modifications in the context of its application to improving paddling performance.
Gene Expression in Low- and High-Dose-Irradiated Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes: Possible Applications for Biodosimetry (2012)

To overcome the limitations of existing biodosimetry methods, we examined dose- and time-dependent gene expression changes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes after exposure to low-, medium- and high-dose ionizing radiation and searched for genes suitable for predicting radiation doses in the low-dose range. Additionally, the experiments are intended to provide new insights into the biological effects of exposures to low-, medium- and high-dose radiation. Gene expression analysis using whole human genome DNA microarrays was performed in human blood from six healthy donors irradiated ex vivo with 0, 0.02, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 Gy (γ rays, (137)Cs) at 6, 24 and 48 h after high-dose exposure (0.5-4 Gy), and at 24 and 48 h after low-dose exposures of 0.02 or 0.1 Gy. DNA microarray-based alterations in gene expression were found in a wide dose range in vitro and allowed us to identify nine genes with which low radiation doses could be accurately predicted with a sensitivity of 95.6%. In the low-, medium- and high-dose range, expression alterations increased with increasing dose and time after exposure, and were assigned to different biological processes such as nucleosome assembly, apoptosis and DNA repair response. We conclude from our results that gene expression profiles are suitable for predicting low-dose radiation exposure in a rapid and reliable manner and that acute low-dose exposure, as low as 20 mGy, leads to well-defined physiological responses in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Anterior Spinal Cord Decompression for Lesions of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine, Techniques, New Methods of Internal Fixation Results (1983)

Seventy-nine patients, 51 with a fresh neurologic deficit, underwent anterior spinal cord decompression, block bone grafting and anterior internal fixation. AO plates were used in nine patients. Dwyer cables in 15, anterior Harrington systems in 20, and solid Hall rods with Dwyer screws in 23. Cases included 13 tumors (six metastatic, five primary malignant, two benign), 15 late kyphotics (13 congenital and two old tuberculosis), 15 pyogenic (nontuberculous) infections, 32 fractures and four thoracic discs. Levels of decompression were from T5 to L5 with the majority (23) at L1. The neurologic deficit improved in 100% of those with incomplete paraplegia, and was graded according to the Frankel classification. None was made worse. Surgical indications were: progressive neurologic deficit in 51 patients, tumors in 13, correction of deformity in 55, failure of infection to respond to conservative measures in 15, cachexia in nine, (many patients had more than one indication). Bone grafts included 11 rib grafts, 24 block iliac grafts with ribs and 44 iliac block grafts. Complications included three nonunions, two common iliac vein lacerations, one death (pulmonary) and two post-thoractomy syndrome. The more recent use of an anterior Harrington distraction system allows for greater correction of kyphotic deformities and more rigid internal fixation which in time allows for early ambulation in a brace. Supplementary posterior fixation is generally no longer necessary except where more than one vertebral body is resected.
Cytotoxic Activity of Some Phenanthroindolizidine <i>N</i>-Oxide Alkaloids from <i>Cynanchum </i><i>v</i><i>incetoxicum</i> (2000)

Two previously known phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, (-)-10beta-antofine N-oxide (1) and (-)-10beta, 13aalpha-14beta-hydroxyantofine N-oxide (2), and a novel alkaloid, (-)-10beta,13aalpha-secoantofine N-oxide (3), were isolated from aerial parts of Cynanchum vincetoxicum. Their structures were established by means of NMR methods, including COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC experiments, as well as from their CD spectra. Cytotoxic activity of the alkaloids was assessed in vitro using both a drug-sensitive KB-3-1 and a multi-drug-resistant KB-V1 cancer cell line. The antofine derivatives (1 and 2) showed pronounced cytotoxicity against the drug-sensitive cell line (IC(50) values about 100 nM), whereas the secoantofine derivative (3) was considerably less active. The KB-V1 cell line showed a marginal resistance against all alkaloids, demonstrating that these compounds are poor substrates for the P-glycoprotein (P-170) efflux pump.
Efficient narrowband terahertz generation in cryogenically cooled periodically poled lithium niobate (2015)

We present an efficiency scaling study of optical rectification in cryogenically cooled periodically poled lithium niobate for the generation of narrowband terahertz radiation using ultrashort pulses. The results show an efficiency and brilliance increase compared to previous schemes of up to 2 orders of magnitude by exploring the optimal pump pulse format at around 800 nm, and reveal saturation mechanisms limiting the conversion efficiency. We achieve >10⁻³ energy conversion efficiencies, μJ-level energies, and bandwidths <20 GHz at ∼0.5 THz, thereby showing unprecedented spectral brightness in the 0.1-1 THz range relevant to terahertz science and technology.
Parallel SAH k-D tree construction (2010)

The k-D tree is a well-studied acceleration data structure for ray tracing. It is used to organize primitives in a scene to allow efficient execution of intersection operations between rays and the primitives. The highest quality k-D tree can be obtained using greedy cost optimization based on a surface area heuristc (SAH). While the high quality enables very fast ray tracing times, a key drawback is that the k-D tree construction time remains prohibitively expensive. This cost is unreasonable for rendering dynamic scenes for future visual computing applications on emerging multicore systems. Much work has therefore been focused on faster parallel k-D tree construction performance at the expense of approximating or ignoring SAH computation, which produces k-D trees that degrade rendering time. In this paper, we present two new parallel algorithms for building precise SAH-optimized k-D trees, with different tradeoffs between the total work done and parallel scalability. The algorithms achieve up to 8x speedup on 32 cores, without degrading tree quality and rendering time, yielding the best reported speedups so far for precise-SAH k-D tree construction.
Thin film metallization of three-dimensional substrates (2002)

Metallization of three-dimensional (3D) molded polymer substrates by sputtering technology is an exciting alternative to traditional electroless plating processes. The technology offers the ability to rapidly coat the 3D circuit base without the use of precious metal catalysts or plating baths that may be environmentally harmful. Consequently, sputter coating of 3D circuits offers the advantages of high through-put and flexible manufacturing while minimizing disposable wastes. This paper focuses on the critical issues affecting the performance of sputtered thin film on 3D polymer substrates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>