gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and photoinitiation activity of radical polymeric photoinitiators bearing side-chain camphorquinone moieties (2000)

Novel polymethacrylic photoinitiators bearing in the side chain the photosensitive camphorquinone moiety, suitable to the radical polymerization and crosslinking of multifunctional (meth)acrylic monomers under irradiation with visible light, have been synthesized starting from the corresponding methacrylic monomer. The monomer has also been copolymerized with a methacrylic comonomer bearing a pendant tertiary amine group acting as coinitiator, in order to check the effect on the photoinitiation activity of a close vicinity between camphorquinone and amine moieties disposed along the polymer chain. Low molecular weight compounds resembling the repeating units of the polymeric derivatives have also been prepared as reference models with the aim of establishing the influence of the macromolecular chain on the photoinitiating activity. The activity of the above mentioned low- and high molecular weight photoinitiating systems, variously combined, has been checked by microwave dielectrometry in the photocuring at room temperature of a mixture of mono- and difunctional acrylic monomers by irradiation at a wavelength above 400 nm. The resulting kinetic parameters have been related to the structural features of the systems investigated.
RUPTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF RUBBER-LIKE POLYMERS (1968)

加硫ゴムの引裂破壊挙動について考察し, まずその内容を応力集中の程度の問題と応力集中部位の破壊挙動の問題とに分類することを提案した.次に応力集中部位におけるひずみ分布に関する従来の研究結果から, この部分の破壊挙動は本質的に単純引張形式による破壊と同じであり, したがってこれは前報で述べた破断ひずみスペクトルによって完全に記述されるものであると推定した.次に切り込みの先端の1点にのみ応力が集中するという近似, およびその部位におけるひずみは, それ以外の試片内におけるひずみのkγ倍であり, kγの値はひずみによらず一定であるという仮定を採用し, 引裂試験結果と破断ひずみスペクトルとを併用してkγの値を求める方法を示した.十数種の加硫ゴム試料についてkγの値を実験的に求め, これが試片の形状に依存しないような条件を調べ, そのような条件のもとではkγの値は切り込みの長さ, Cと次のような関係にあることを実験的に見い出した.kγ-1=mγ・c係数, mγは応力の集中度についての物質的特徴を記述する指標とみなしうることを述べ, これを応力集中因子と名付けた.mγは活性充てん剤の混入によってその値が激減すること, 温度によってかなり大幅に変化し, その変化の模様は物質により多様的であることなどを実験的に明らかにした.
A voice-activated, interactive videodisc case study for use in the medical school classroom (1986)

The instructional technology of voice recognition, interactive videodisc, and microcomputer offers new opportunities in medical education. The TIME Project is using this technology to create engaging, believable clinical situations that promote experiential learning, discovery learning, and contextual instruction in the medical school classroom. The TIME Project will conduct a field test of three interactive case studies as part of the introduction to clinical medicine curriculum at five medical schools to determine the educational effectiveness of the prototype design and its acceptance by faculty members and students.
Combining RFID Technology and Business Intelligence for Supply Chain  Optimization Scenarios for Retail Logistics (2008)

Radio Frequency Identification" (RFID) and the related EPC standards promise to enable an automatic collection of supply chain data for optimization purposes. While extensive research has been done on applications for operational supply chain optimization, there is still a lack of insight into the requirements and benefits of further processing the data within integrated management support infrastructures (Business Intelligence infrastructures) that allow for sharing, integrating, and analyzing RFID data. This paper discusses respective scenarios which were elicited from a transcontinental retail supply chain case. It addresses data collection and integration on the one hand and the relevance of the enabled analyses on the other. The results indicate that the role of Business Intelligence components should not be underestimated when preparing a business case for RFID.
Anti-NKG2D monoclonal antibody (NNC0142-0002) in active Crohn's disease: a randomised controlled trial (2016)

NCT01203631.
Hole-blocking titanium-oxide/silicon heterojunction and its application to photovoltaics (2013)

In contrast to the numerous reports on narrow-bandgap heterojunctions on silicon, such as strained Si1−xGex on silicon, there have been very few accounts of wide-bandgap semiconducting heterojunctions on silicon. Here, we present a wide-bandgap heterojunction—between titanium oxide and crystalline silicon—where the titanium oxide is deposited via a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition process at substrate temperatures of only 80–100 °C. The deposited films are conformal and smooth at the nanometer scale. Electrically, the TiO2/Si heterojunction prevents transport of holes while allowing transport of electrons. This selective carrier blocking is used to demonstrate a low-temperature processed silicon solar cell.
Molecular and Cellular Determinants of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Hypertrophy (2004)

The maintenance of adult skeletal muscle mass is ensured by physical exercise. Accordingly, physiological and pathological situations characterized by either impaired motor neuron activity, reduced gravity (microgravity during space flights), or reduced physical activity result in loss of muscle mass. Furthermore, a plethora of clinical conditions, including cancer, sepsis, diabetes, and AIDS, are associated with varying degrees of muscle atrophy. The cellular and molecular pathways responsible for maintaining the skeletal muscle mass are not well defined. Nonetheless, studies aimed at the understanding of the mechanisms underlying either muscular atrophy or hypertrophy have begun to identify the physiological determinants and clarify the molecular pathways responsible for the maintenance of muscle mass.
Type V collagen: molecular structure and fibrillar organization of the chicken alpha 1(V) NH2-terminal domain, a putative regulator of corneal fibrillogenesis. (1993)

Previous work from our laboratories has demonstrated that: (a) the striated collagen fibrils of the corneal stroma are heterotypic structures composed of type V collagen molecules coassembled along with those of type I collagen, (b) the high content of type V collagen within the corneal collagen fibrils is one factor responsible for the small, uniform fibrillar diameter (25 nm) characteristic of this tissue, (c) the completely processed form of type V collagen found within tissues retains a large noncollagenous region, termed the NH2-terminal domain, at the amino end of its alpha 1 chain, and (d) the NH2-terminal domain may contain at least some of the information for the observed regulation of fibril diameters. In the present investigation we have employed polyclonal antibodies against the retained NH2-terminal domain of the alpha 1(V) chain for immunohistochemical studies of embryonic avian corneas and for immunoscreening a chicken cDNA library. When combined with cDNA sequencing and molecular rotary shadowing, these approaches provide information on the molecular structure of the retained NH2-terminal domain as well as how this domain might function in the regulation of fibrillar structure. In immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy analyses, the antibodies against the NH2-terminal domain react with type V molecules present within mature heterotypic fibrils of the corneal stroma. Thus, epitopes within at least a portion of this domain are exposed on the fibril surface. This is in marked contrast to mAbs which we have previously characterized as being directed against epitopes located in the major triple helical domain of the type V molecule. The helical epitopes recognized by these antibodies are antigenically masked on type V molecules that have been assembled into fibrils. Sequencing of the isolated cDNA clones has provided the conceptual amino acid sequence of the entire amino end of the alpha 1(V) procollagen chain. The sequence shows the location of what appear to be potential propeptidase cleavage sites. One of these, if preferentially used during processing of the type V procollagen molecule, can provide an explanation for the retention of the NH2-terminal domain in the completely processed molecule. The sequencing data also suggest that the NH2-terminal domain consists of several regions, providing a structure which fits well with that of the completely processed type V molecule as visualized by rotary shadowing.
Nickel-Catalyzed Directed Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Phenolic Esters with Alkyl Bromides (2020)

Herein, we demonstrate the successful use of robust phenolic esters as an electrophilic acyl source in the reaction with diverse primary and secondary unactivated alkyl bromides. The cleavage of the relatively inert C-O bond is facilitated by the neighboring coordinating hydroxyl or sulfonamide moiety. By circumventing the use of pregenerated organometallics, this method allows efficient preparation of a variety of <i>o</i>-hydroxyl and tosyl-protected <i>o</i>-amino aryl ketones with high compatibility with a wide range of functionalities.
Introduction (2021)

Abstract After opening at the 2016 Republican convention that nominated Donald Trump as presidential candidate, and where the sounds and images of rock were on prominent display, the book’s premise and scope are outlined. The pop culture that once stood for protest and provocation now signifies a very different set of values, embraced by a very different audience, which can tell us much about the ways the values and the audience have evolved in the last five decades. How has something as rebellious as rock ‘n’ roll become associated with political conservatives and the stolid working classes? Have right-wing populists co-opted the music, or has the co-optation gone the other way?
LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY (1992)

A consecutive series of 220 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (June 1990 to May 1991) is presented. These were the author's initial experience of the technique. Procedures were elective (205) and acute (15), including 3 gangrenous cholecystitis and 4 empyema. There were 166 females and 34 males, 12-75 years, weighing 44-115 kg. Forty-eight patients had prior abdominal surgery. Two hundred and eleven patients had successful laparoscopic cholecystectomies, 6 open cholecystectomies and 3 mini-laparotomies to remove split stones. None of the last 120 cases were opened. Operating time ranged from 20 min to 3 h 20 min. There were 4 serious complications: 2 bile leaks from the gall-bladder bed and 2 jejunal injuries (Veres needle and 5 mm trocar). Sixty-one patients were discharged the next day, 29 on day 2, 5 on day 3, 4 on day 4, 1 on day 5, 1 on day 22 and 1 on day 27. At two weeks follow-up all but 2 patients had fully recovered.
HERMES - a versatile personal robotic assistant (2004)

We have developed a humanoid robot, HERMES, to study several key technologies that are important for personal robots, such as robot design, sensors and perception, locomotion, localization and navigation, manipulation, human-robot communication and interaction, adaptability and learning, system architecture and integration, and dependability. The robot's skill-based system architecture was derived from a qualitative model of human information processing and insights gained from psychological literature dealing with skill acquisition, human performance and motor learning. HERMES' system architecture, several of its skills and the design principles are introduced, and some experiments carried out with the real robot are presented, including a long-term test where HERMES served in a museum, far away from its home laboratory, for more than six months up to 12 hours per day. During this period the robot and its skills were regularly demonstrated to the public by nonexpert presenters. Also, HERMES interacted with the visitors, chatted with them in English, French and German, answered questions and performed services as requested by them.
ATRIP Binding to Replication Protein A-Single-stranded DNA Promotes ATR–ATRIP Localization but Is Dispensable for Chk1 Phosphorylation (2005)

ATR associates with the regulatory protein ATRIP that has been proposed to localize ATR to sites of DNA damage through an interaction with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) coated with replication protein A (RPA). We tested this hypothesis and found that ATRIP is required for ATR accumulation at intranuclear foci induced by DNA damage. A domain at the N terminus of ATRIP is necessary and sufficient for interaction with RPA-ssDNA. Deletion of the ssDNA-RPA interaction domain of ATRIP greatly diminished accumulation of ATRIP into foci. However, the ATRIP-RPA-ssDNA interaction is not sufficient for ATRIP recognition of DNA damage. A splice variant of ATRIP that cannot bind to ATR revealed that ATR association is also essential for proper ATRIP localization. Furthermore, the ATRIP-RPA-ssDNA interaction is not absolutely essential for ATR activation because ATR phosphorylates Chk1 in cells expressing only a mutant of ATRIP that does not bind to RPA-ssDNA. These data suggest that binding to RPA-ssDNA is not the essential function of ATRIP in ATR-dependent checkpoint signaling and ATR has an important function in properly localizing the ATR-ATRIP complex.
Liquid crystal polymers. I. Preparation and properties of <i>p</i>‐hydroxybenzoic acid copolyesters (1976)

Abstract High molecular weight copolyesters were prepared by the acidolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with p ‐acetoxybenzoic acid and polycondensation through the acetate and carboxyl groups. The mechanical properties of the injection‐molded copolyesters containing 40–90 mole‐% p ‐hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB) were highly anisotropic and dependent upon the PHB content, polyester molecular weight, injection‐molding temperature, and specimen thickness. As the injection‐molding temperature increased and the specimen thickness decreased, the tensile strength, stiffness, and Izod impact strength increased when measured along the direction of flow of the polymer melt, and the coefficient of thermal expansion was zero. In some compositions these properties were superior to those of commercial glass fiber reinforced polyesters. Maximum tensile strengths, flexural moduli, notched Izod impact strengths, and minimum melt viscosities were obtained with polyesters containing 60–70 mole‐% PHB. Higher oxygen indicies (39–40) and heat deflection temperatures (150–220°C) were obtained with 80–90 mole‐% PHB.
Bat White-Nose Syndrome: An Emerging Fungal Pathogen? (2008)

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a condition associated with an unprecedented bat mortality event in the northeastern United States. Since the winter of 2006*2007, bat declines exceeding 75% have been observed at surveyed hibernacula. Affected bats often present with visually striking white fungal growth on their muzzles, ears, and/or wing membranes. Direct microscopy and culture analyses demonstrated that the skin of WNS-affected bats is colonized by a psychrophilic fungus that is phylogenetically related to Geomyces spp. but with a conidial morphology distinct from characterized members of this genus. This report characterizes the cutaneous fungal infection associated with WNS.
Using silver to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections (2005)

Many thousands of urinary tract infections (UTIs) are linked to the insertion of an indwelling urethral catheter (Saint et al 2000). Catheterisation is often prolonged unnecessarily (Saint et al 2002), thereby increasing the infection risk. In this audit of 133 medical and surgical patients who were catheterised in an acute NHS hospital trust, the potential of a new silver alloy hydrogel-coated catheter to reduce the rate of infection was demonstrated. Benefits were indicated in terms of reducing clinical risk to the patient and the financial costs associated with treating catheter-associated UTIs, representing a substantial cost saving for the NHS.
Classifiers in almost empty spaces (2002)

Recent developments in defining and training statistical classifiers make it possible to build reliable classifiers in very small sample size problems. Using these techniques advanced problems may be tackled, such as pixel based image recognition and dissimilarity based object classification. It can be explained and illustrated how recognition systems based on support vector machines and subspace classifiers circumvent the curse of dimensionality, and even may find nonlinear decision boundaries for small training sets represented in Hilbert space.
Improvement of power quality distortion in a grid caused by wind turbines (2002)

The variable power of a wind turbine (WT) is usually supplied to the grid. This results in a reduction of power quality. In WT with AC-DC-AC power electronic converters, inductive storage in the DC branch may smooth the power. The paper investigates, by simulation, the smoothing of power transmitted to the grid as a function of the inductive storage parameters; these are the inductance, the minimum and maximum current during operation and also the short range (1-10 sec) overloading capabilities. It is shown that an inductive storage system capable of storing energy equal to the nominal power times two seconds results in a considerable reduction of power variation. The same storage is also sufficient to keep the WT running during the period of clearance of a fault in the grid. This may be of importance for the dynamic behaviour of power systems with significant wind power penetration.
Pregnancy outcomes and the effect of metformin treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an overview (2012)

This article is a review of the literature assessing pregnancy outcomes and the effect of metformin treatment among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A review of research published in English was undertaken using PubMed and MEDLINE databases. The weight of the available evidence suggests that pregnant women with PCOS are at an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth and early pregnancy loss. Obesity is a contributory factor for the increased risk of gestational diabetes in this group of women and is estimated to affect 5-40% of pregnant women with PCOS. The prevalence of other obstetric complications is estimated at 10-30% for gestational hypertension, 8-15% for pre-eclampsia and 6-15% for preterm birth. The association between PCOS and early pregnancy loss may not be direct, wherein the presence of PCOS-associated hyperinsulinemia, leading to hyperandrogenemia, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of early pregnancy loss. Apart from the role of metformin in improving the metabolic consequences accompanying PCOS, it has been shown to improve pregnancy rates in women with PCOS who are resistant to clomiphene citrate. In conclusion, pregnancy in women with PCOS is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes (multiple adverse obstetric risk). Whether metformin should be administered throughout pregnancy still remains controversial. Further prospective studies that foster a larger number of participants and adjust for all potentially confounding factors are needed.
View-Dependent Particles for Interactive Non-Photorealistic Rendering (2000)

We present a novel framework for non-photorealistic rendering based on view-dependent geometric simplification techniques. We represent the model as a system of particles, which may optionally overlay a polygonal surface. A hierarchical view-dependent clustering algorithm regulates the number and placement of these particles, which are rendered as strokes in the final image. This algorithm thus unifies several tasks common in artistic rendering, such as placing strokes, regulating the screen-space density of strokes, and ensuring inter-frame coherence in animated or interactive rendering. View-dependent callback functions determine which particles are rendered and how to render the associated strokes. The resulting framework is interactive and extremely flexible, letting users easily produce and experiment with many different art-based rendering styles.
Expurgated PPM Using Symmetric Balanced Incomplete Block Designs (2012)

In this letter, we propose a new pulse position modulation (PPM) scheme, called expurgated PPM (EPPM), for application in peak power limited communication systems, such as impulse radio (IR) ultra wide band (UWB) systems and free space optical (FSO) communications. Using the proposed scheme, the constellation size and the bit-rate can be increased significantly in these systems. The symbols are obtained using symmetric balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD), forming a set of pair-wise equidistant symbols. The performance of Q-ary EPPM is better than any Q-ary pulse position-based modulation scheme with the same symbol length. Since the code is cyclic, the receiver for EPPM is simpler compared to multipulse PPM (MPPM).
Foaming characteristics of HFC refrigerants (1997)

A detailed study was conducted at the University of Florida to experimentally determine the absorption and desorption rates of HFC and blended refrigerants in polyolester lubricant and to define the characteristics of the foam formed when the refrigerant leaves the refrigerant/lubricant mixture after being exposed to a pressure drop. The alternative refrigerants examined include HFC-32 (R-32), R-125, R-134a, and R-143a. Also examined were blended refrigerants R-404A, R407C, and R410A. These refrigerants were tested with two ISO 68 polyolesters (Witco SL68 and ICI RL 68H). To establish baseline results, refrigerants R-12 and R-22 were tested with mineral oils ISO32 (3GS) and ISO 68 (4GS).
Antiviral treatments reduce severity of diabetes in Ljungan virus‐infected CD‐1 mice and delay onset in diabetes‐prone BB rats (2009)

The effects of LV in two different species, CD-1 mice, without a genetic disposition for diabetes, and BB rats prone to T1D were examined. Male CD-1 mice that had been exposed to LV in utero developed a type 2-like diabetes with increased blood glucose, insulin levels and epididymal fat at the age of 10-15 weeks. Combination therapy including LV-antiserum and an antiviral drug, Pleconaril, significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose and insulin and the amount of abdominal fat. In BB rats, LV has been found in both prediabetic- and diabetic diabetes-prone rats, as well as in diabetes-resistant rats. To evaluate whether the presence of LV has any influence on the onset of T1D, prediabetic BB rats were treated with an antiserum against LV or a combination of the antiviral drugs Pleconaril and Ribavirin. In the group treated with antiviral drugs, the onset was significantly delayed. These results indicate that the presence of LV can be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes in these animal models.