gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure and Diffusion Path in the Fast Lithium-Ion Conductor La<sub>0.62</sub>Li<sub>0.16</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (2005)

We report the results of a neutron powder diffraction study of the La(0.62)Li(0.16)TiO3 perovskite that determined the diffusion path of lithium cations at room temperature. At 77 K, the Li cations are located at the 2c site (Wycoff notation of the Cmmm space group) on the (002) La deficient layer, while, at room temperature, they are spread over a wide area and migrate following the 2c-4f-2c or 2c-2d-2c tie line on the (002) layer. The probability density of Li cations has a minimum between the 2c and 4f or between the 2c and 2d positions on the diffusion path in contrast to the previous reports where the bottleneck has been thought to be located at the 2c, 2d, and 4f positions. On the basis of the present structural model, the Li-cation conductivity is discussed in terms of a two-dimensional bond-percolation model for Li-cation diffusion. It was found that the vacancy at the La site is essential for the Li-cation conduction.
Low power MPEG-4 ASP codec IP macro for high quality mobile video applications (2005)

This work presents a low power MPEG-4 ASP (advanced simple profile) codec IP macro suitable for high quality mobile video applications. By introducing a motion estimation algorithm suitable for low power applications and a field/frame mode estimation algorithm for interlaced video, this IP macro achieves higher compression efficiency and image quality than previous SP (simple profile) codec LSIs.
Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis (2001)

We describe here the use of gold nanoparticles in conjunction with chip-based capillary electrophoresis to improve the selectivities between solutes and to increase the efficiency of the separation. We coated the microchannel wall of a microfluidic device with a layer of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and then collected on it citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles. The resolutions and the plate numbers of the solutes were doubled in the presence of the gold nanoparticles. Such selectivity improvements reflect changes in the observed mobility accrued from interactions of solutes with the particle surface. The electrochemical detection and the quantitation of the solutes were not effected by the PDADMAC and the gold nanoparticles.
<title>Adaptive scale-invariant filters</title> (1997)

Pattern recognition using a coherent optical correlator has many advantages, including high speed operation at almost the speed of light and the implementation of parallel processing. The key part of an optical correlator is the so-called optical filter. Properly designed filter should clearly indicate the presence of desired features in an image to be detected. Therefore,the performance of an optical system relies essentially upon the performance of the filter. Much research have been conducted to improve the performance of optical correlators. Most approaches to the filter design, however, fall short of providing robustness to minute changes in the image. In this paper a new approach to the adaptive design of optical filters, which are both shift- and scale-invariant, is proposed. The filters are constructed in real-time in an optical pattern recognition system by an adaptive, iterative numerical approach. The design is formalized as an optimization procedure, for which the filter performance is the function to be maximized. During the training procedure filter parameters are selected to maximize the distinction between the target and other objects in the image. The latter problem is solved using the genetic algorithm. Filters obtained in this optimization procedure are good discriminators since they utilize all the visual information about the target. Computer simulations demonstrate high discrimination of the designed filters.
IL-1 receptor–associated kinase M is a central regulator of osteoclast differentiation and activation (2005)

Osteoporosis is a serious problem worldwide; it is characterized by bone fractures in response to relatively mild trauma. Osteoclasts originate from the fusion of macrophages and they play a central role in bone development and remodeling via the resorption of bone. Therefore, osteoclasts are important mediators of bone loss that leads, for example, to osteoporosis. Interleukin (IL)-1 receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) is only expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage and it inhibits signaling downstream of IL-1R and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). However, it lacks a functional catalytic site and, thus, cannot function as a kinase. IRAK-M associates with, and prevents the dissociation of, IRAK-IRAK-4-TNF receptor-associated factor 6 from the TLR signaling complex, with resultant disruption of downstream signaling. Thus, IRAK-M acts as a dominant negative IRAK. We show here that mice that lack IRAK-M develop severe osteoporosis, which is associated with the accelerated differentiation of osteoclasts, an increase in the half-life of osteoclasts, and their activation. Ligation of IL-1R or TLRs results in hyperactivation of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, which are essential for osteoclast differentiation. Thus, IRAK-M is a key regulator of the bone loss that is due to osteoclastic resorption of bone.
Sensor fingerprint digests for fast camera identification from geometrically distorted images (2013)

In camera identification using sensor fingerprint, it is absolutely essential that the fingerprint and the noise residual from a given test image be synchronized. If the signals are desynchronized due to a geometrical transformation, fingerprint detection becomes significantly more complicated. Besides constructing the detector in an invariant transform domain (which limits the type of the geometrical transformation) a more general approach is to maximize the generalized likelihood ratio with respect to the transform parameters, which requires a potentially expensive search and numerous resamplings of the entire image (or fingerprint). In this paper, we propose a measure that significantly reduces the search complexity by reducing the need to resample the entire image to a much smaller subset of the signal called the fingerprint digest. The technique can be applied to an arbitrary geometrical distortion that does not involve spatial shifts, such as digital zoom and non-linear lens-distortion correction.
DRACA: Decision-support for Root Cause Analysis and Change Impact Analysis (2009)

Most companies relying on an Information Technology (IT) system for their\ndaily operations heavily invest in its maintenance. Tools that monitor network\ntraffic, record anomalies and keep track of the changes that occur in the system\nare usually used. Root cause analysis and change impact analysis are two main\nactivities involved in the management of IT systems. Currently, there exists no\nuniversal model to guide analysts while performing these activities. Although the\nInformation Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) provides a guide to the or-\nganization and structure of the tools and processes used to manage IT systems, it\ndoes not provide any models that can be used to implement the required features.\nThis thesis focuses on providing simple and effective models and processes for\nroot cause analysis and change impact analysis through mining useful artifacts\nstored in a Confguration Management Database (CMDB). The CMDB contains\ninformation about the different components in a system, called Confguration Items\n(CIs), as well as the relationships between them. Change reports and incident\nreports are also stored in a CMDB. The result of our work is the Decision support\nfor Root cause Analysis and Change impact Analysis (DRACA) framework which\nsuggests possible root cause(s) of a problem, as well as possible CIs involved in a change set based on di erent proposed models. The contributions of this thesis are\nas follows:\n\n- An exploration of data repositories (CMDBs) that have not been previously\nattempted in the mining software repositories research community.\n\n- A causality model providing decision support for root cause analysis based\non this mined data.\n\n- A process for mining historical change information to suggest CIs for future\nchange sets based on a ranking model. Support and con dence measures are\nused to make the suggestions.\n\n- Empirical results from applying the proposed change impact analysis process\nto industrial data. Our results show that the change sets in the CMDB were\nhighly predictive, and that with a confidence threshold of 80% and a half\nlife of 12 months, an overall recall of 69.8% and a precision of 88.5% were\nachieved.\n\n- An overview of lessons learned from using a CMDB, and the observations we\nmade while working with the CMDB.
Transduction of Blue-Light Signals (1993)

BUT IS IT AN ELEPHANT? In the old tale, several blind men are taken to an elephant. In turn, each is asked to examine and identify the mystery object. One blind man examines a leg and claims it to be a tree, another, examining the trunk, claims it to be a snake, and yet another, feeling a tusk, claims it to be a smooth rock. The pattern continues: each describes a component, none identifies the gestalt. There are a wealth of blue-light responses in higher plants. It is clear that many are biochemically, physiologically, or genetically independent, and others are linked. The mechanism by which a photon of blue light is converted into a biochemical signal and transduced into a biological response is under investigation for several of these responses. In many cases, investigators have successfully defined one or more components of the signaling mechanism. Taken together, the identified components have the potentia1 to define an entire signal transduction mechanism; receptor, G-protein, diacylglycerol, inositol triphosphate, calcium, calmodulin, several kinases, ion channels, and so forth. However, direct demonstration of a11 the components has not been achieved in any one system. Indeed, in some cases specific carriers are known to be absent. Further, the locations of the respective carriers differ in accordance with the location of the specific response (Fig. l). Perhaps the mechanisms responsible for transducing the blue-light signals are best represented by a herd of elephants. Signal transduction paradigms are well established. However, recent data suggest that plants may have several nove1 signal carriers (Deng et al., 1992), and it is not certain that the paradigms will be transferable to plants. The majority of studies of signal carriers for blue-light responses in higher plants make use of standard biochemical tools: direct identification based on biochemical properties or antibody crossreactivity, or indirect identification based on inhibitor/activator studies. These biochemical activities are correlated with the respective blue-light response by the photobiological activity (fluence response and/or time course), physical location, or involvement with the response as demonstrated by activator/inhibitor studies. The biochemical approach has recently been joined by a vigorous genetic approach. There are four blue-light responses in higher plants cur' Supported in part by the National Science Foundation and the
Involvement of phosphatidylinositol and insulin in the coordinate regulation of proteoheparan sulfate metabolism and hepatocyte growth. (1987)

A rat hepatocyte cell line was cultured in Higuchi's medium with fetal calf serum and insulin and labeled with 35SO2/4-. The cells were treated with a number of ligands to displace the heparan 35SO4 proteoglycan (HSPG) from the pericellular matrix. Maximum release was obtained with D-mannose-6-PO4 (50 mM), D-glucose-6-PO4 (50 mM), myo-inositol-2-PO4 (2-5 mM), myo-inositol hexaphosphate (2-5 mM), and DL-myo-inositol-1-PO4 (1-2 mM). D-myo-Inositol-1,3,4-(PO4)3 (1 mM) and L-myo-inositol-1-PO4 (2 mM) were intermediate in their ability to release the cell surface HSPG, whereas heparin (2 mg/ml), yeast phosphomannan (4 mg/ml), D-xylose-1-PO4 (50 mM), D-glucose-6-SO4 (50 mM), and myo-inositol hexasulfate (5 mM) were ineffective. When 35SO2/4- was added to cell cultures, the total cell surface HSPG increased linearly, but the percentage of the total cell surface [35SO4]HSPG that was released by myo-inositol-PO4 increased with time during the labeling period, reaching a maximum of 65% after 5 h. When cells were labeled for 12 h without insulin in the medium, the maximum amount of cell surface HSPG that was released by myo-inositol-PO4 was reduced to 30%. However, when cells labeled in the absence of insulin were treated with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C and then myo-inositol-PO4, the release of the cell surface [35SO4]HSPG was increased to 73%. When the [35SO4]HSPG that was released from the cell surface by treatment with myo-inositol-PO4 was added to cultures of unlabeled hepatocytes, it was taken up very rapidly and a portion of the internalized HSPG was converted to free heparan SO4 chains which appeared in the nucleus. Uptake was Ca2+- and Mg2+-independent. The amount of [35SO4]HSPG taken up was markedly reduced when the myo-inositol-PO4-releasable [35SO4]HSPG was pretreated with trypsin, thermolysin, alkaline borohydride, or alkaline phosphatase. When the cells were grown in inositol-deficient medium or in the presence of myo-inositol-PO4, the amount of heparan SO4 found in the nucleus was markedly reduced, and the cells no longer exhibited contact inhibition. These effects of myo-inositol deficiency on the growth and nuclear heparan SO4 were accentuated by addition of LiCl to the cultures to prevent phosphatidylinositol synthesis from the endogenous myo-inositol-PO4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Experimental and analytical validation of a modular acetabular prosthesis in total hip arthroplasty (2007)

A finite element model has been developed to predict in vivo micro motion between a modular acetabular cup and liner after cement less total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to experimentally validate the model. Six LVDT sensors were used to monitor the micromotion of the liner when subjected to loading conditions ranging from 250 N to 5000 N. Deformations at points of interest for both the experiment and FEM were compared. Results of the FEM with different coefficient of friction between the liner and the cup were investigated to correlate with the experimental results.
Reduced Rho-dependent transcription termination permits NusA-independent growth of Escherichia coli. (1994)

NusA and Rho are essential Escherichia coli proteins that influence transcription elongation and termination. We show that an E. coli derivative unable to express NusA, because its sole nusA gene contains a large deletion/substitution, is viable providing that the bacterium also carries a rho mutation that reduces transcription termination. This Rho-mediated suppression is not allele specific, since either a mutation changing amino acid 134 [rho(E134D)] or a mutation changing amino acid 352 (rho1) allows growth of a nusA-deleted E. coli. However, both rho mutations similarly decrease transcription termination 8- to 9-fold. We propose that the essential role of NusA is to enhance pausing of RNA polymerase at certain sites, permitting tight coupling of transcription and translation. This coupling interferes with Rho access to and/or movement on the nascent RNA and blocks premature termination of transcription. Thus, NusA-dependent coupling should be less important in a mutant with low Rho activity. The fact that E. coli grows without NusA argues that NusA should be considered an accessory factor rather than a subunit of RNA polymerase.
Thickness dependence of the superconducting transition temperature of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>films (2000)

A model of the strain effect on the transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ of superconducting films is presented. Details are given for previously published results on the thickness dependence of ${T}_{c}$ in the (001) ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.85}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.15}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ films. A key role is played by the strain resulting from lattice mismatch between the film and the substrate, which is responsible for the behavior of ${T}_{c}.$ Calculations show that the values of ${T}_{c}$ of the films on ${\mathrm{SrLaAlO}}_{4}$ substrates under compressive strain are always higher than those on ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ under tensile strain. As the thickness is reduced, the films grown on ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ substrates exhibit a rapid reduction of ${T}_{c},$ whereas the ${T}_{c}$ increases on ${\mathrm{SrLaAlO}}_{4}$ substrates. The theoretical results are in good agreement with experiments.
Detection of quorum-sensing<i>N</i>-acyl homoserine lactone signal molecules by bacterial biosensors (2006)

Many Gram-negative bacteria use N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as quorum-sensing (QS) signal molecules. AHL QS has been the subject of extensive investigation in the last decade and has become a paradigm for bacterial intercellular signaling. Research in AHL QS has been considerably aided by simple methods devised to detect AHLs using bacterial biosensors that phenotypically respond when exposed to exogenous AHLs. This article reviews and discusses the currently available bacterial biosensors which can be used in detecting and studying the different AHLs.
Handbook of Optical Dimensional Metrology (2013)

Optical Metrology: Introduction Optical Metrology Overview, Kevin Harding Machine Vision for Metrology, Kevin Harding and Gil Abramovich Optical Metrology of Larger Objects Laser Tracking Systems, Scott Sandwith and Stephen Kyle Displacement Measuring Interferometry, Vivek G. Badami and Peter J. de Groot Metrology of Large Parts, H. Philip Stahl Optical Metrology of Medium-Size Objects Portable Metrology, Daniel Brown and Jean Francois Laurie Phase-Shifting Systems and Phase-Shifting Analysis, Qingying Hu Moire Measurement, Toru Yoshizawa and Lianhua Jin Optical Micro-Metrology of Small Objects Automation in Interferometry, Erik Novak and Bryan Guenther White-Light Interference 3D Microscopes, Joanna Schmit Focus-Based Optical Metrology, Kevin Harding Advanced Optical Micro-Metrology Methods Parallel Multifunctional System for MEMS/MOEMS and Microoptics Testing, Malgorzata Kujawinska, Michal Jozwik, and Adam Styk Index
Structure and Sodium Migration in Silicon Nitride Films (1968)

Silicon nitride films deposited on silicon substrates by several techniques were studied. Electron diffraction studies of the films revealed that films varied in crystallite size from <10 to ∼100Aå. Radiotracer diffusion experiments using Na22 as diffusant revealed that the smaller crystallite films were better barriers to sodium diffusion than the larger crystallite films. Field enhanced drift of sodium was not observed in any of the silicon nitride films regardless of crystallite size. Silicon nitride films composed of large crystallites appeared to etch faster than smaller crystallite films in dilute buffered hydrofluoric acid.
Helix Induction by Dirhodium: Access to Biocompatible Metallopeptides with Defined Secondary Structure (2010)

Abstract The use of carboxylate side chains to induce peptide helicity upon binding to dirhodium centers is examined through experimental and computational approaches. Dirhodium binding efficiently stabilizes α helicity or induces α helicity in otherwise unstructured peptides for peptides that contain carboxylate side chains with i, i +4 spacing. Helix induction is furthermore possible for sequences with i, i +3 carboxylate spacing, though in this case the length of the side chains is crucial: ligating to longer glutamate side chains is strongly helix inducing, whereas ligating the shorter aspartate side chains destabilizes the helical structure. Further studies demonstrate that a dirhodium metallopeptide complex persists for hours in cellular media and exhibits low toxicity toward mammalian cells, enabling exploitation of these metallopeptides for biological applications.
The effect of water dispersion and absorption on axial resolution in ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (2005)

We examine the effects of dispersion and absorption in ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT), particularly the necessity to compensate for high dispersion orders in order to narrow the axial point-spread function envelope. We present a numerical expansion in which the impact of the various dispersion orders is quantified; absorption effects are evaluated numerically. Assuming a Gaussian source spectrum (in the optical frequency domain), we focus on imaging through water as a first approximation to biological materials. Both dispersion and absorption are found to be most significant for wavelengths above ~ 1microm, so that optimizing the system effective resolution (ER) requires choosing an operating wavelength below this limit. As an example, for 1-microm source resolution (FWHM), and propagation through a 1-mm water cell, if up to third-order dispersion compensation is applied, then the optimal center wavelength is 0.8microm, which generates an ER of 1.5microm (in air). The incorporation of additional bandwidth yields no ER improvement, due to uncompensated high-order dispersion and long-wavelength absorption.
A platform for the development of novel biosensors by configuring allosteric transcription factor recognition with amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assays (2016)

A wide range of chemicals can be sensed by allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) in bacteria. Herein, we report a biosensing platform by using isolated aTFs as recognition elements in vitro. Moreover, a general strategy to increase the sensitivity of the aTF-based biosensors is provided. As a proof-of-concept, we obtained by far the most sensitive uric acid and oxytetracycline biosensors by using aTF HucR and OtrR as recognition elements, respectively. As a large number of aTFs are present in bacteria, our work opens a novel route to develop sensitive aTF-based biosensors.
FPGA implementation of multiple hardware watchdog timers for enhancing real-time systems security (2011)

In this work, we deal with securing the real-time systems by providing them with additional hardware watchdog timers. This paper proposes the basic concept of the multiple hardware watchdog timers system and describes the proposed architecture of the system providing 256 hardware watchdog timers. It deals with the particular implementation of the system in the FPGA programmable device. The results show that the developed system has a promising potential for enhancing the security of real-time systems and that the proposed architecture is suitable to be implemented in reasonably small programmable devices.
Torquing preload in a lubricated bolt (1978)

The tension preload obtained by torquing a 7/8 in. diam UNC high strength bolt was determined for lubricated and dry conditions. Consistent preload with a variation of + or - 3% was obtained when the bolt head area was lubricated prior to each torque application. Preload tensions nearly 70% greater than the value predicted with the commonly used formula occurred with the lubricated bolt. A reduction to 39% of the initial preload was observed during 50 torque applications without relubrication. Little evidence of wear was noted after 203 cycles of tightening.