gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Review of embedded particle tagging methods for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of composite materials and structures</title> (1995)

Acceptance of advanced composites in both retrofit applications and new construction necessitates quality control (QC)/quality assurance (QA) and in-service monitoring techniques to ensure the performance and serviceability of the composites. A technology that enhances the inspectability of the advanced composites is the particle tagging method. The concept of particle tagging involves embedding micron-sized particles into materials, such as composites, or adhesive layers to make them an integral part of the host material. When interrogated by suitable instrumentation, the embedded particle sensors interact with their host material and generate certain types of measurable signatures. The signatures can be correlated with the material and structural conditions, such as internal stress states, voids, inclusions, state-of- cure, and delaminations. This paper presents a technology assessment of the current and emerging state-of-the-art tagging methods. The objective of this review is to provide a framework for further understanding the physics and mechanisms involved in using the tagging method for in-field nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of composite materials. Information concerning the development of this technique has been obtained from patents, publications, databases within Newman Library at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), and previous work and in-progress research at the Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures (CIMSS) at Virginia Tech. This paper includes a historic review of tagging techniques, a description of the tagging systems used for in-situ NDE of composites, and experimental results to date. The current and potential applications of this technique are also addressed. The analysis presented in this paper will assist in further efforts to develop the tagging approach that may be used as a new NDE technique for quality assurance of advanced composites.
Identification of Select Fumonisin Forming Fusarium Species Using PCR Applications of the Polyketide Synthase Gene and its Relationship to Fumonisin Production in vitro (2008)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based diagnostic assay was used to develop markers for detection of Fusarium verticillioides (=F. moniliforme), a fumonisin producing fungus in maize tissues. Species-specific primers were designed based on sequence data from the polyketide synthase (PKS) gene (FUM1- previously FUM5) responsible for fumonisin production in fungi. Four sets of oligonucleotide primers were tested for their specificity using 24 strains of F. verticillioides, 10 F. proliferatum, and 12 of other Fusarium species. In addition, 13 species of other fungal genera, from four phyla, were tested as negative controls. Among the four sets, primer set B consistently amplified a 419-bp fragment from the DNA 96% of all F. verticillioides strains and 83% of F. proliferatum. All other fungi tested were negative using primer set B. A total of 38% of the F. verticillioides strains grown on a selective liquid medium produced fumonisin and 92% formed the toxin on standard rice medium. When fumonisin formed in culture, PCR assay using primer set B detected every strain of F. verticillioides, but only amplified 80% of F. proliferatum strains that produced the toxin. PCR detection was consistent at 100 pg/microl concentration of genomic DNA from 4 F. verticillioides strains, but varied at 10 pg/microl. Two duplicate greenhouse tests using artificially inoculated maize plants, had greater levels of F. verticillioides detected after re-evaluting using primer set B than from culturing of the tissues. The molecular protocols described in this study requires only 1 day for completion compared to approximately 10 days for cultural work and morphological determination. In conclusion, conventional PCR assay using primer set B provides a sensitive and accurate detection assay that can be used as a primary or secondary confirmation method for identification and occurrence of F. verticillioides within the maize tissues. However, studies using primer set B for fumonisin production determined by strains of F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum will require further verification.
Rapid Diagnosis of Herpesvirus Hominis Infections in Superficial Lesions by Immunofluorescent Antibody Techniques (1968)

Scrapings from lesions of the skin and mucous membranes of 14 patients suspected of suffering from suspected Herpesvirus hominis infections were examined by both fluorescent antibody and routine isolation techniques. There was complete correlation between results by both methods in all 14 cases, 12 being positive. No positive fluorescence was obtained from scrapings of seven control patients with a variety of skin diseases. Thirteen patients with corneal lesions were similarly investigated. Of the 10 scrapings which showed positive fluorescence, nine were confirmed by virus isolation. It is suggested that as more antiviral agents become available the application of a fluorescent antibody technique for testing virus sensitivity in tissue culture could become a practical method.
Results (1995)

ABSTRACT Two current chemical dependency research questions are investigated in this study: Is one form of treatment demonstrably superior to another, and, if given complete choice, will clients select a treatment which will prove efficacious, operationally defined as total abstinence to follow-up (six to eighteen months)? In a new employee assistance program, the first 37 employees (32 males and 5 females) presenting themselves for alcoholism treatment and stating a goal of total abstinence were permitted to select from among 5 treatment options. Results show a clear advantage to inpatient treatment and suggest greater client commitment when inpatient and/or Alcoholics Anonymous options are chosen. Possible reasons for these results are discussed.
Análisis de la influencia de las condiciones agrometeorológicas durante la campaña papera en Matanzas (2010)

Se estudia la influencia de las condiciones agrometeorologicas durante la campana papera 1997-1998 con el empleo de las observaciones de las estaciones meteorologicas mas cercanas a las empresas productoras y de la informacion proporcionada por la Delegacion provincial del MINAGRI. Se concluye que el rendimiento provincial del tuberculo estuvo influenciado, en general, por condiciones poco favorables; no obstante, inferior al de otras campanas con similar influencia meteorologica.
The Reactions of Aliphatic Acid Chlorides. (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe Reactions of Aliphatic Acid Chlorides.Norman O. V. SonntagCite this: Chem. Rev. 1953, 52, 2, 237–416Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60162a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60162a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7013Altmetric-Citations196LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advanced Analytical Theory and Methods (2015)

Text analysis often deals with textual data that is far more complex. A corpus is a large collection of texts used for various purposes in Natural Language Processing (NLP). This chapter discusses several subtasks of text analysis, including parsing, search and retrieval, and text mining. With a brand management example, the chapter talks about a typical text analysis process: (1) collecting raw text, (2) representing text, (3) using Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF) to compute the usefulness of each word in the texts, (4) categorizing documents by topics using topic modeling, (5) sentiment analysis, and (6) gaining greater insights. Overall text analysis is no trivial task. Corresponding to the Data Analytic Lifecycle, the most time-consuming parts of a text analysis project often are not performing the statistics or implementing algorithms. Chances are the team would spend most of the time formulating the problem, getting the data, and preparing the data.
A generalized approach to the analysis of infinite planar array antennas (1968)

In this paper a generalized expression for the complex power radiated by an element in an infinite planar array antenna is derived. Since this power formula applies to a large class of phased array antennas where the aperture field distribution can be completely specified (in normal mode form), it proves to be a powerful, unifying principle. The utility of this approach is illustrated by the simplicity with which previously known results can be derived; e.g., an infinite array of slots in a ground plane and an infinite array of flat dipoles with or without a ground plane. Further demonstrations of the usefulness of the power formula are provided by the systematic and straightforward solutions of the less-well-known problems of infinite arrays of crossed-dipole pairs and infinite arrays of open-ended rectangular waveguides. The waveguide array solution is particularly interesting because it reduces to a set of equations which are identical to those one would use to characterize an N-port network on an admittance basis (N is the number of waveguide modes). Since the power formula is derived for a parallelogram element Lattice, the resultant solution for a specific type of element is in its most general form. Expressions for the scan-dependent, dominant mode radiation admittance and the element gain function for a multimode rectangular waveguide radiator are also derived. In addition, various aspects of the waveguide array solution are investigated in the light of previous studies of infinite arrays.
Efficient Multi-Modal Least-Squares Alignment of Medical Images Using Quasi-Orientation Maps. (2006)

Abstract- In image registration, similarity metrics are used to determine the optimal alignment between two images. A common metric used for judging image similarity is the weighted sum of squared differences (SSD) cost function. Recently, it was demonstrated that the evaluation of the SSD cost function can be performed efficiently using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to determine the optimal translation between two images based on pixel intensities. This paper extends this efficient approach by introducing the concept of quasiorientation maps as features into the alignment framework. This feature-based method is invariant to intensity mappings, making it suitable for aligning medical images acquired with different modalities. Experimental results demonstrate overall multi-modal image alignment performance to be superior to that of previous work.
Finite Element Analysis of Copper Clad Steel Wire Drawing Process (2005)

The objective of this study is to develop an optimal drawing die for the clad wire drawing process. Cu-clad wire, which has the advantages of the high strength of a steel core and the electro-conductivity, corrosion resistance of a copper layer, is widely being used in the field of the telecommunications, electric-electronic and military technology industries. It is important to obtain uniformly coated rate when producing clad wires. Drawing process of clad wire will be influenced on damage and coated rate of core and sleeve for process variables such as semi-die angle and reduction in area. Therefore, in this study, the finite-element result obtained in this study was analyzed to the effect of the various forming parameters, which included the semi-die angle and reduction in area. The coated rate will be predicted with observation of copper coated rate variation according to total reduction in area and the optimal pass schedule will be set up through proper reduction in area and semi-die angle variation.
Natriuretic hormones. (1995)

Natriuretic peptides act as endocrine and paracrine hormones to regulate extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure at all levels of the circulation. Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides, circulating hormones secreted in response to increased stretch within the cardiac atrium and ventricle, respectively, induce comparable natriuresis, vasodepression, and inhibition of aldosterone via the guanylate-cyclase receptor, NPR-A. C-type natriuretic peptide acts via a different guanylate-cyclase receptor, NPR-B, to affect vascular cell growth and remodeling. Possible complex interactions among all three natriuretic peptides are reviewed. Although the importance of natriuretic peptides is still being assessed, data from animal studies strongly support an important role fore these hormones in cardiovascular homeostasis.
Highly Regioselective Anodic Monofluorination of 2H-1,4-Benzoxazin-3(4H)-one Derivatives (2001)

Anodic monofluorination of N-substituted 1,4-benzoxazinone derivatives in DME containing Et4NF · 4 HF using a divided cell and platinum plate electrodes provided the corresponding α-monofluorinated products selectively in good to moderate yields, while that of N-unsubstituted 1,4-benzoxazinone derivative gave the corresponding benzene ring fluorinated product selectively.
A Joint Model of Language and Perception for Grounded Attribute Learning (2012)

As robots become more ubiquitous and capable, it becomes ever more important to enable untrained users to easily interact with them. Recently, this has led to study of the language grounding problem, where the goal is to extract representations of the meanings of natural language tied to perception and actuation in the physical world. In this paper, we present an approach for joint learning of language and perception models for grounded attribute induction. Our perception model includes attribute classifiers, for example to detect object color and shape, and the language model is based on a probabilistic categorial grammar that enables the construction of rich, compositional meaning representations. The approach is evaluated on the task of interpreting sentences that describe sets of objects in a physical workspace. We demonstrate accurate task performance and effective latent-variable concept induction in physical grounded scenes.
Ion rotating motion in a gas‐filled radio‐frequency quadrupole ion guide as a new technique for structural and kinetic investigations of ions (2001)

An ion rotating excitation mode of operation of a segmented gas-filled radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) ion guide for a high-resolution orthogonal time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer is described. It is shown theoretically, by computer simulation and experimentally, that ion rotating excitation in a gas-filled RFQ has several advantages over other types of ion oscillation excitation. The main advantages are an approximately twofold increase in average ion kinetic energy for the same maximal deviation from the RFQ axis and therefore an increase of about this factor of average internal excitation energy of ions, and the extended mass range of fragment ions that can be observed. The new method of ion decomposition by ion rotation around the axis of an RFQ ion guide was experimentally implemented and tested using a home-built ‘SIN-COS’ generator to supply the excitation voltage. This generator enables control of phase shift and amplitude of excitation voltages applied to quadrupole rods smoothly from the data acquisition program running on a PC. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Docking Studies on 3D Models of the Heterodimeric and Homodimeric 5-Ht <sub>2A</sub> Receptor Subtype (2011)

This study clearly indicates that the presence of a dimerization interface must explicitly be considered when studying G-protein coupled receptors known to exist as dimers. Molecular dynamics simulation and cluster analysis are appropriate tools to study the phenomenon.
Association of Bcr-Abl with the Proto-oncogene Vav Is Implicated in Activation of the Rac-1 Pathway (2002)

Vav is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rho/Rac family predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells and implicated in cell proliferation and cytoskeletal organization. The oncogenic tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl has been shown to activate Rac-1, which is important for Bcr-Abl induced leukemogenesis. Previous studies by Matsuguchi et al. (Matsuguchi, T., Inhorn, R. C., Carlesso, N., Xu, G., Druker, B., and Griffin, J. D. (1995) EMBO J. 14, 257-265) describe enhanced phosphorylation of Vav in Bcr-Abl-expressing Mo7e cells yet fail to demonstrate association of the two proteins. Here, we report the identification of a direct complex between Vav and Bcr-Abl in yeast, in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we show tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav by Bcr-Abl. Mutational analysis revealed that the SH2 domain and the C-terminal SH3 domain as well as a tetraproline motif directly adjacent to the N-terminal SH3 domain of Vav are important for establishing this phosphotyrosine dependent interaction. Activation of Rac-1 by Bcr-Abl was abrogated by co-expression of the Vav C terminus encoding the SH3-SH2-SH3 domains as a dominant negative construct. Bcr-Abl transduced primary bone marrow from Vav knock-out mice showed reduced proliferation in a culture cell transformation assay compared with wild-type bone marrow. These results suggest, that Bcr-Abl utilizes Vav as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor to activate Rac-1 in a process that involves a folding mechanism of the Vav C terminus. Given the importance of Rac-1 activation for Bcr-Abl-mediated leukemogenesis, this mechanism may be crucial for the molecular pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia and of importance for other signal transduction pathways leading to the activation of Rac-1.
Protein-RNA and Protein-Protein Interactions of the Drosophila Sex-Lethal Mediated by Its RNA-Binding Domains (1996)

The Drosophila Sex-lethal (Sxl) contains two RNA-binding domains (RBDs) which belong to the RNA recognition motif (RRM) group. Sxl binds to a specific uridine-rich sequence which is believed to be the major cis-acting element for the splicing regulation of the transformer (tra) mRNA precursor. Here we show evidence supporting the previous suggestion that Sxl recognizes the sequence context downstream of the uridine-rich sequence. In addition, by means of UV-crosslinking assays with Sxl deletion constructs, we have demonstrated that Sxl RNA binding requires both of its RBDs for specificity and strength. Moreover, by the yeast two-hybrid analysis, we found that homodimeric interaction occurs between two Sxl molecules. Interestingly, the amino- and carboxy-terminal regions outside of the Sxl RBDs are dispensable for such dimerization, indicating that the protein-protein interaction is also mediated by RBDs. Coprecipitation experiments in vitro showed that the protein-protein interaction seems to be RNA-dependent but greatly enhanced by addition of the specific RNA containing the Sxl binding site, suggesting that the conformational change which is induced on binding to RNA may facilitate the interaction between Sxl molecules.
怎一个“贵”字了得 (2008)

怎样的腕表才可以满足现在的国内同胞?现在宣传一辆高性能的汽车,推销的是冒险的精神;宣传一台冰箱,推销的是其乐也融融的家庭生活;宣传一台相机,推销的是捕捉世界欢乐笑脸的爱心——总之,卖的从来都不是产品,而是一种心灵的富足、一种高尚情操的追求和一种生活的价值。
Scenario-Based Planning for Partially Dynamic Vehicle Routing with Stochastic Customers (2004)

The multiple vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) is a hard and extensively studied combinatorial optimization problem. This paper considers a dynamic VRPTW with stochastic customers, where the goal is to maximize the number of serviced customers. It presents a multiple scenario approach (MSA) that continuously generates routing plans for scenarios including known and future requests. Decisions during execution use a distinguished plan chosen, at each decision, by a consensus function. The approach was evaluated on vehicle routing problems adapted from the Solomon benchmarks with a degree of dynamism varying between 30% and 80%. They indicate that MSA exhibits dramatic improvements over approaches not exploiting stochastic information, that the use of consensus function improves the quality of the solutions significantly, and that the benefits of MSA increase with the (effective) degree of dynamism.
Field calibration and sensitivity analysis of coherent infrared differential absorption lidars (1996)

Infrared differential absorption lidar (IR DIAL) techniques allow remote sensing of low concentrations of gases in the atmosphere from distances up to several kilometers. Field tests were carried out with two nearly identical coherent CO2-laser based DIAL systems with coincident beam paths to prove data validation for rapidly fluctuating gas concentrations. Statistical analysis of the time-fluctuating lidar signals was used to determine the demonstrated sensivity limits (range and minimum detectable path-integrated concentrations) for the DIAL systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 1: 103–107, 1996.
Rab27a Supports Exosome-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms That Modify the Tumor Microenvironment and Can Promote Tumor Progression (2012)

During progression from single cancer cells to a tumor mass and metastases, tumor cells send signals that can subvert their tissue microenvironment. These signals involve soluble molecules and various extracellular vesicles, including a particular type termed exosomes. The specific roles of exosomes secreted in the tumor microenvironment, however, is unclear. The small GTPases RAB27A and RAB27B regulate exocytosis of multivesicular endosomes, which lead to exosome secretion, in human HeLa cells. Here, we used mouse models to show that Rab27a blockade in mammary carcinoma cells decreased secretion of exosomes characterized by endocytic markers, but also of matrix metalloproteinase 9, which is not associated with exosomes. Rab27a blockade resulted in decreased primary tumor growth and lung dissemination of a metastatic carcinoma (4T1), but not of a nonmetastatic carcinoma (TS/A). Local growth of 4T1 tumors required mobilization of a population of neutrophil immune cells induced by Rab27a-dependent secretion of exosomes together with a specific combination of cytokines and/or metalloproteinases. Our findings offer in vivo validation of the concept that exosome secretion can exert key pathophysiologic roles during tumor formation and progression, but they also highlight the idiosyncratic character of the tumor context.