gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully Additive Low-Cost Printed Electronics With Very Low Process Variations (2015)

Low-cost printed electronics (PE) on flexible substrates necessitates that its printing process embodies only additive steps (vis-à-vis subtractive steps), and processing at low temperature (e.g., <;120 °C) and in an air-only environment. For the manufacturability of PE circuits and systems, it is imperative that the printing process features low process variations, where the primary parameter is carrier mobility μ; and in some cases, the primary parameter is threshold voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> . We present a novel screen-printing low-cost fully additive all-air-processed low-temperature PE printing process featuring very low process variations. In particular, the process variations are ±4.9% μ and ±0.43 V V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> . To the best of our knowledge, this is the smallest μ variations amongst all reported fully additive printing processes, and comparable to the best of subtractive processes. These very low variations are achieved by blade coating the semiconductor layer comprising a polymer-small molecular blend in a dual-solvent system, yielding a precise control of the semiconductor film formation. Further by means of careful layout, the matching between our two printed organic thin-film transistors is markedly improved from 7.2% (arising from ±4.9% μ and ±0.43 V V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variations) to 2.1%-to date, the best reported matching.
Peritoneal Dialysis (2020)

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy based on infusing a sterile solution into the peritoneal cavity through a catheter and provides for the removal of solutes and water using the peritoneal membrane as the exchange surface. This solution, which is in close contact with the capillaries in the peritoneum, allows diffusion solute transport and osmotic ultrafiltration water loss since it is hyperosmolar to plasma due to the addition of osmotic agents (most commonly glucose). Infusion and drainage of the solution into the peritoneal cavity can be performed in two ways: manually (continuous ambulatory PD), in which the patient usually goes through four solution changes throughout the day, or machine-assisted PD (automated PD), in which dialysis is performed with the aid of a cycling machine that allows changes to be made overnight while the patient is sleeping. Prescription and follow-up of PD involve characterizing the type of peritoneal transport and assessing the offered dialysis dose (solute clearance) as well as diagnosing and treating possible method-related complications (infectious and non-infectious).
KLF15 Is a Transcriptional Regulator of the Human 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 5 Gene. A Potential Link between Regulation of Testosterone Production and Fat Stores in Women (2009)

KLF15 is potentially a novel link between the regulation of testosterone production and fat stores by insulin in humans.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: recent progress, future directions. (1987)

The data reviewed indicate substantial recent progress in the treatment of ALL in adults. Most patients, greater than 70% to 80%, will achieve a remission following induction chemotherapy with vincristine, prednisone, and an anthracycline. Additional drugs do not convincingly increase the remission rate; their effect on remission duration is unknown. Although continuation therapy has not been critically evaluated in randomized trials, the longest remissions have been reported in individuals receiving consolidation/intensification, particularly in the immediate postremission period. Presently, a disease-free survival is 35% to 45% at greater than 5 years when this type of consolidation/intensification therapy is used. The precise value of conventional maintenance chemotherapy in adult ALL is unknown. CNS prophylaxis is necessary; the standard of treatment remains cranial radiation and intrathecal methotrexate. Alternative approaches are currently being studied such as systemic treatment with high doses of methotrexate or cytarabine. Recently, prognostic factors have been better defined. In recent studies with intensive treatment, time to response, age, WBC, immunologic subtype and cytogenetic data can be used to divide patients into a low-risk group with a projected disease-free survival of 60% or more and a high-risk group with a disease-free survival of 20% to 25%. The definition of risk groups in adult ALL may be useful in determining future further optimal therapeutic approaches.
Monoclonal antibodies reveal structural homogeneity of gamma-aminobutyric acid/benzodiazepine receptors in different brain areas. (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against a gamma-aminobutyric acid/benzodiazepine receptor complex (GABAA/BZR) were produced by using spleen cells from a mouse immunized with GABAA/BZR purified from bovine cerebral cortex. The mAb, most of which were of the IgG1 isotype could be divided into four groups (I-IV) specifying different antigenic structures. On immunoblots, group I mAb recognized exclusively the Mr 55,000 beta-subunit, while groups II and IV mAb recognized the Mr 50,000 alpha-subunit of bovine GABAA/BZR. Three of the four groups of mAb (I, III, and IV) crossreacted with both human and rat GABAA/BZR with the same subunit specificity as in bovine brain; the fourth group (II) crossreacted with human but not with the rat receptor. The binding sites for benzodiazepines as well as the high and low affinity GABA sites reside on the same structural complex as shown by immunoprecipitation. Ligand binding to these sites was not inhibited by mAb. Since quantitative immunoprecipitation of GABAA/BZR was achieved with mAb selective for either the alpha- or beta-subunit, both subunits occur in each individual receptor complex. The pattern of immunoblot staining suggests that the smaller alpha-subunit is not a processing product of the larger beta-subunit. Both alpha- and beta-subunits were present in all brain areas and species tested (rat cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus; bovine cerebral cortex and cerebellum; human cerebral cortex). This suggests a uniform subunit composition of the receptor throughout the brain in contrast to earlier evidence for a heterogeneous subunit composition based on photoaffinity labeling.
A corporate product integrity assurance process. (1991)

One of the more difficult challenges that confronts the chemical industry throughout the industrialized world is how to effectively manage the various and often diverse regulatory requirements. What follows is a description of a process designed to help with new product introductions. The process is generic and is applicable to almost any corporate environment and structure.
Thermal Analysis in Clay Science (1990)

Abstract Thermal analysis involves the observation of a physical property of a sample and how that property changes in response to a change in temperature. Thus, the essence of this group of techniques includes the measurement of a physical property, e.g. mass, temperature, and volume, and the control of temperature. Inasmuch as heating objects is a very ancient practice, one should not be surprised that the first observations of the response of certain materials to heat were made quite some time ago. Such observations might be considered as a form of thermal analysis (Mackenzie, 1981), but serious investigations required that the temperature be known with reasonable accuracy. Temperature measurements, especially of a solid material that is being heated rapidly, was first ccomplished with a thermocouple. Two events, then, mark the beginning of thermal analysis. The first was the invention of the thermocouple. This led directly to the study of the thermal properties of a group of clay minerals. In fact, thermal analysis, in the modern sense, started with a simple description: “Si I 'on echauffe rapidement unepetite quantite d'argile, il seproduit, au moment de la deshydratation, un relentissement dans l'elevation de temperature...” (if one heats rapidly a small quantity of clay, there is, at the point of dehydration, a slowing in the increase in temperature...) (Le Chatelier, 1887). The temperature at which the dehydration occurred was determined for each of the clay minerals examined by Le Chatelier, and he pointed out that the temperature at which dehydration occurred could be used to distinguish between and to identify different clay minerals.
Micro hot embossing of thermoplastic polymers: a review (2013)

Micro hot embossing of thermoplastic polymers is a promising process to fabricate high precision and high quality features in micro/nano scale. This technology has experienced more than 40 years development and has been partially applied in industrial production. Three modes of micro hot embossing including plate-to-plate, roll-to-plate and roll-to-roll have been successively developed to meet the increasing demand for large-area patterned polymeric films. This review surveys recent progress of micro hot embossing in terms of polymeric material behavior, embossing process and corresponding apparatus. Besides, challenges and innovations in mold fabrication techniques are comprehensively summarized and industrial applications are systematically cataloged as well. Finally, technical challenges and future trends are presented for micro hot embossing of thermoplastic polymers.
A compressed file system manager for flash memory based consumer electronics devices (2013)

NAND flash memory is widely used as secondary storage in portable consumer electronics devices such as smartphones and digital cameras. These devices often employ a compressed file system to efficiently manage the limited storage space. However, retrieving data from a compressed file system incurs substantial delays in launching applications due to additional decompression procedures at run time. This paper presents an efficient compressed file system manager (CFSM) that reduces the application launch time in portable consumer electronics devices. CFSM uses two novel techniques. One is the selective decompression that reduces the user-perceived latency by decompressing only the actually requested data acquired by a bulk read. The other technique is cost-aware replacement that preferentially evicts data from uncompressed file systems when memory is full because they are quicker to access than compressed data. A prototype of CFSM has been implemented on the Linux operating system. Measurement studies show that CFSM reduces the application launch latency by 28% on average compared to the well-known CramFS compressed file system.
Tamoxifen downregulates signal transduction and is synergistic with tiazofurin in human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-435 cells. (1998)

Breast carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death in women in the US. Tamoxifen (TAM), an antiestrogen, is used as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic compound against human breast carcinoma. Tiazofurin (TR), an oncolytic C-nucleoside, inhibits IMP dehydrogenase activity, decreases cellular GTP pools, and downregulates ras gene expression. MDA-MB-435 cells are estrogen receptor negative human breast carcinoma cells that have elevated signal transduction activity. Because TR and TAM decrease signal transduction enzyme activity and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) concentration via different mechanisms, we tested the hypothesis that the two compounds may be synergistic in human breast carcinoma cells. In MDA-MB-435 cells in growth inhibition assay, the IC50s for TR and TAM were (mean +/- SE) 17 +/- 1.2 and 12 +/- 1.1 microM; in clonogenic assays they were 4 +/- 0.3 and 0.7 +/- 0.3 microM, respectively. When TR was added to MDA-MB-435 cells, followed 12 h later by TAM, synergism was observed in growth inhibition and clonogenic assays and in the reduction of IP3 concentration. The latter may explain, at least in part, the synergistic action of TR and TAM in these cells. The synergistic action of TR and TAM may have implication in the clinical treatment of human breast carcinoma.
<i>The Logic of Scientific Discovery</i> (1959)

When first published in 1959, this book revolutionized contemporary thinking about science and knowledge. It remains the one of the most widely read books about science to come out of the twentieth century.
In Situ Monitoring of Laser‐Assisted Hydrothermal Growth of ZnO Nanowires: Thermally Deactivating Growth Kinetics (2013)

The laser-assisted hydrothermal growth kinetics of a cluster of ZnO nanowires are studied based on optical in situ growth monitoring. The growth yields are orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional hydrothermal methods that use bulk heating. This remarkable improvement is attributed to suppression of precursor depletion occurring by homogeneous growth reactions, as well as to enhanced mass transport. The obtained in situ data show gradually decaying growth kinetics even with negligible precursor consumption. It is revealed that the growth deceleration is caused by thermal deactivation resulting from heat dissipation through the growing nanowires. Finally, it is demonstrated that the tailored temporal modulation of the input power enables sustained growth to extended dimensions. These results provide a key to highly efficient use of growth precursors that has been pursued for industrial use of this functional metal oxide semiconductor.
Cyclodextrin Bonded Phases For the Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Optical, Geometrical, and Structural Isomers (1984)

Journal Article Cyclodextrin Bonded Phases For the Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Optical, Geometrical, and Structural Isomers Get access Daniel W. Armstrong, Daniel W. Armstrong * Department of Chemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409 *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wade DeMond Wade DeMond Department of Chemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 22, Issue 9, September 1984, Pages 411–415, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/22.9.411 Published: 01 September 1984 Article history Received: 25 June 1984 Revision received: 24 July 1984 Published: 01 September 1984
Autophagy and its implication in human oral diseases (2016)

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved lysosomal degradation process essential for cell physiology and human health. By regulating apoptosis, inflammation, pathogen clearance, immune response and other cellular processes, autophagy acts as a modulator of pathogenesis and is a potential therapeutic target in diverse diseases. With regard to oral disease, autophagy can be problematic either when it is activated or impaired, because this process is involved in diverse functions, depending on the specific disease and its level of progression. In particular, activated autophagy functions as a cytoprotective mechanism under environmental stress conditions, which regulates tumor growth and mediates resistance to anticancer treatment in established tumors. During infections and inflammation, activated autophagy selectively delivers microbial antigens to the immune systems, and is therefore connected to the elimination of intracellular pathogens. Impaired autophagy contributes to oxidative stress, genomic instability, chronic tissue damage, inflammation and tumorigenesis, and is involved in aberrant bacterial clearance and immune priming. Hence, substantial progress in the study of autophagy provides new insights into the pathogenesis of oral diseases. This review outlines the mechanisms of autophagy, and highlights the emerging roles of this process in oral cancer, periapical lesions, periodontal diseases, and oral candidiasis.
Activation of IL-6R/JAK1/STAT3 Signaling Induces <i>De Novo</i> Resistance to Irreversible EGFR Inhibitors in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer with T790M Resistance Mutation (2012)

The secondary T790M mutation in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the major mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although irreversible EGFR TKIs, such as afatinib or dacomitinib, have been introduced to overcome the acquired resistance, they showed a limited efficacy in NSCLC with T790M. Herein, we identified the novel de novo resistance mechanism to irreversible EGFR TKIs in H1975 and PC9-GR cells, which are NSCLC cells with EGFR T790M. Afatinib activated interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R)/JAK1/STAT3 signaling via autocrine IL-6 secretion in both cells. Inhibition of IL-6R/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway increased the sensitivity to afatinib. Cancer cells showed stronger STAT3 activation and enhanced resistance to afatinib in the presence of MRC5 lung fibroblasts. Blockade of IL-6R/JAK1 significantly increased the sensitivity to afatinib through inhibition of afatinib-induced STAT3 activation augmented by the interaction with fibroblasts, suggesting a critical role of paracrine IL-6R/JAK1/STAT3 loop between fibroblasts and cancer cells in the development of drug resistance. The enhancement of afatinib sensitivity by inhibition of IL-6R/JAK1/STAT3 signaling was confirmed in in vivo PC9-GR xenograft model. Similar to afatinib, de novo resistance to dacomitinib in H1975 and PC9-GR cells was also mediated by dacomitinib-induced JAK1/STAT3 activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that IL-6R/JAK1/STAT3 signaling can be a potential therapeutic target to enhance the efficacy of irreversible EGFR TKIs in patients with EGFR T790M.
Detecting Non‐personal and Spam Users on Geo‐tagged Twitter Network (2014)

Abstract With the rapid growth and popularity of mobile devices and location‐aware technologies, online social networks such as Twitter have become an important data source for scientists to conduct geo‐social network research. Non‐personal accounts, spam users and junk tweets, however, pose severe problems to the extraction of meaningful information and the validation of any research findings on tweets or twitter users. Therefore, the detection of such users is a critical and fundamental step for twitter‐related geographic research. In this study, we develop a methodological framework to: (1) extract user characteristics based on geographic, graph‐based and content‐based features of tweets; (2) construct a training dataset by manually inspecting and labeling a large sample of twitter users; and (3) derive reliable rules and knowledge for detecting non‐personal users with supervised classification methods. The extracted geographic characteristics of a user include maximum speed, mean speed, the number of different counties that the user has been to, and others. Content‐based characteristics for a user include the number of tweets per month, the percentage of tweets with URLs or Hashtags, and the percentage of tweets with emotions, detected with sentiment analysis. The extracted rules are theoretically interesting and practically useful. Specifically, the results show that geographic features, such as the average speed and frequency of county changes, can serve as important indicators of non‐personal users. For non‐spatial characteristics, the percentage of tweets with a high human factor index, the percentage of tweets with URLs , and the percentage of tweets with mentioned/replied users are the top three features in detecting non‐personal users.
An Innovative Driving Simulator: Robocoaster (2008)

This paper presents a new approach utilizing an industrial robot as an interactive motion similator platform, to take advantage of both a highly flexible workspace and considerably lower costs due to mass production of the basic mechanics.
The role of N‐glycosylation in the targeting and stability of GLUT1 glucose transporter (1993)

The cDNAs encoding the GLUT1 glucose transporter protein were altered by site-directed mutagenesis at consensus sites for the addition of N-linked glycosylation. These cDNAs were transfected into CHO cells with an expression vector and the subcellular distribution and stability of the expressed glycosylation-defective GLUT1 protein were analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis with a specific antibody demonstrated that a significant portion of glycosylation-defective GLUT1 protein remained in the intracellular compartment. By contrast, most of the wild-type GLUT1 protein expressed with the same procedures resided in the plasma membranes. Metabolic labeling studies revealed that the half-life of the glycosylation-defective GLUT1 protein was significantly shorter than that of wild-type GLUT1 protein. These results indicate that N-glycosylation of the glucose transporter affects its intracellular targeting and protein stability.
Improving depth perception with motion parallax and its application in teleconferencing (2009)

Depth perception, or 3D perception, can add a lot to the feeling of immersiveness in many applications such as 3D TV, 3D teleconferencing, etc. Stereopsis and motion parallax are two of the most important cues for depth perception. Most of the 3D displays today rely on stereopsis to create 3D perception. In this paper, we propose to improve user's depth perception by tracking their motions and creating motion parallax for the rendered image, which can be done even with legacy displays. Two enabling technologies, face tracking and foreground/background segmentation, are discussed in detail. In particular, we propose an efficient and robust feature based face tracking algorithm that is capable of estimating the face's location and scale accurately. We also propose a novel foreground/background segmentation and matting algorithm with time-of-flight camera, which is robust to moving background, lighting variations, moving camera, etc. We demonstrate the application of the above technologies in teleconferencing on legacy displays to create pseudo-3D effects.
Studies on the assesment of analgesic actions of narcotic antagonists with special reference to nociception induced by retrograde injection of bradykinin into the carotid artery of rat. (1971)

The assesment of analgesic action of narcotic antagonists by their ability to block the response of rat to retrograde intra-arterial injection of bradykinin was first reported by Blane. Authors have reconfirmed the technique and data of Blane and compared with data obtained using the mouse antiwrithing test.Authors have concluded that the bradykinin-induced response was more specific and suitable for measuring analgesic effects of narcotic antagonists than anti-writhing method. It was also shown that the nociception induced by bradykinin was not mediated through the release of biogenic amines.
BIM Mediates EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Apoptosis in Lung Cancers with Oncogenic EGFR Mutations (2007)

Our results provide evidence that BIM is involved in TKI-induced apoptosis in sensitive EGFR-mutant cells and that both attenuation of the up-regulation of BIM and resistance to gefitinib-induced apoptosis are seen in models that contain the common EGFR T790M and the novel L747S secondary resistance mutations. These findings also suggest that induction of BIM may have a role in the treatment of TKI-resistant tumors.