gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and localization of parathyroid adenomas in patients with hyperparathyroidism using a single radionuclide imaging procedure with technetium-99m-sestamibi (double-phase study) (1992)

Dual radionuclide imaging using a combination of 201Tl with either 99mTcO4- or 123I is recognized as a useful procedure in the preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. Recently, 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) has been introduced for myocardial perfusion imaging as an alternative to 201Tl. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate parathyroid scan using early and late imaging following MIBI injection. Twenty-three patients (21 F, 2 M, mean age: 57 yr) with a clinical and biologic diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism were submitted to a MIBI study prior to surgical exploration of the neck. Cervico-thoracic planar imaging (anterior view, 10 min/view) was performed at 15 min and at 2-3 hr after an intravenous injection of 20-25 mCi of MIBI. A positive MIBI scan for parathyroid adenoma was defined as an area of increased focal uptake which persisted on late imaging, contrary to the uptake in the normal thyroid tissue which progressively decreases over time (differential washout). Surgical exploration of the neck, performed between 1 day and 72 days (average: 16 days) after the MIBI study, showed a parathyroid adenoma in 21 patients and hyperplasia in two patients. MIBI scan correctly detected and localized 19/21 adenomas (90%). In conclusion, parathyroid imaging using a single radionuclide with MIBI (early and late study with differential washout analysis) is a promising procedure in the preoperative detection and localization of parathyroid adenomas in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscle Regulated by a Hepatic Hormone, HISS (2005)

The current state of the HISS (hepatic insulin sensitizing substance) hypothesis is briefly outlined. In the postmeal absorptive state, 50-60% of the glucose storage action of insulin is accounted for by the actions of HISS released from the liver and acting on skeletal muscle. Hepatic parasympathetic nerves permissively regulate the ability of a pulse of insulin to release HISS, thereby potentiating the impact of insulin in the fed state. HISS release in response to insulin decreases progressively with fasting to create a physiological state of HISS-dependent insulin resistance. HISS release is regulated by parasympathetic nerves via muscarinic receptors and nitric oxide, and insulin resistance of skeletal muscle produced by hepatic denervation is reversed by intraportal but not intravenous acetylcholine or a nitric oxide donor. It is suggested that HISS-dependent insulin resistance occurs in animal models including sucrose-fed rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats, chronic liver disease, fetal alcohol effect in the adult offspring, and type 2 diabetes.
Repressor and Cro Protein: Structure, Function, and Role in Lysogenization (1983)

λ ’s choice between lysogeny and lytic multiplication is influenced directly by the relative levels of two phage-encoded regulatory proteins: repressor ( c I-gene product) and cro protein. Although the two proteins bind to the same sites on λ DNA, their effects on phage development are mutually antagonistic. Repressor is essential for lysogenization. By binding to two phage operators, o R and o L , it blocks transcription initiation from two promoters, p R and p L . In so doing, it prevents expression of phage early genes (including the cro gene) whose products are necessary for lytic multiplication. In addition, repressor bound at o R stimulates p RM , the promoter that directs transcription of the c I gene of an integrated prophage. Thus, repressor promotes lysogenization in two ways: It blocks expression of lytic genes, and it positively regulates its own synthesis. In contrast to repressor, cro protein promotes lytic multiplication, primarily by inhibiting repressor synthesis both during infection of a sensitive cell and following induction of a lysogen. These effects of cro protein are also mediated by binding to o R and o L . In subsequent sections one will see that the ability of repressor and cro protein to bind to the same operators and yet serve distinct physiological functions is due to (1) the existence within each operator of three repressor (and cro )-binding sites, (2) the differing relative affinities of the two proteins for each of the sites, and (3) the spatial relationship between the operator sites and the promoters p L , p R , and p RM . In this review we consider the basic...
A Spectral-Scanning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Transceiver (2009)

An integrated spectral-scanning nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) transceiver is implemented in a 0.12 mum SiGe BiCMOS process. The MRI transmitter and receiver circuitry is designed specifically for small-scale surface MRI diagnostics applications where creating low (below 1 T) and inhomogeneous magnetic field is more practical. The operation frequency for magnetic resonance detection and analysis is tunable from 1 kHz to 37 MHz, corresponding to 0-0.9 T magnetization for <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> H (hydrogen). The concurrent measurement bandwidth is approximately one frequency octave. The chip can also be used for conventional narrowband nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy from 1 kHz up to 250 MHz. This integrated transceiver consists of both the magnetic resonance transmitter which generates the required excitation pulses for the magnetic dipole excitation, and the receiver which recovers the responses of the dipoles.
Design of a scalable network programming framework (2008)

Nearly all programmable commercial hardware solutions offered for high-speed networking systems are capable of meeting the performance and flexibility requirements of equipment vendors. However, the primary obstacle to adoption lies with the software architectures and programming environments supported by these systems. Shortcomings include use of unfamiliar languages and libraries, portability and backwards compatibility, vendor lock-in, design and development learning curve, availability of competent developers, and a small existing base of software. Another key shortcoming of previous architectures is that either they are not multi-core oriented or they expose all the hardware details, making it very hard for programmers to deal with. In this paper, we present a practical software architecture for high-speed embedded systems that is portable, easy to learn and use, multicore oriented, and efficient.
Removal of Arsine from Synthesis Gas Using a Copper on Carbon Adsorbent (2006)

A variety of supported metal and metal oxide adsorbents were evaluated for removal of arsine (AsH3) from synthesis gas (syngas), a mixture primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. A copper(II) oxide (CuO)/carbon adsorbent was judged to be most promising and examined more thoroughly. Exposure of the CuO/carbon adsorbent to syngas at 750 psig resulted in only a modest increase in bed temperature. No evidence that the adsorbent acted as a methanol synthesis catalyst or promoted other syngas chemistry was observed. It was found, however, that even at modest temperatures (30−40 °C) some reduction to metallic copper (Cu) occurred. The exothermic reduction of CuO presented a significant operational concern, and use of the adsorbent required a controlled reduction to Cu/carbon prior to exposure to syngas. The arsine affinity of CuO/carbon was very high with a minimum capacity of 3.0 wt % arsenic for a syngas feed containing 420 ppbv. The reduced adsorbent, Cu/carbon, was less effective for AsH3 removal, and at 30 °C its capacity was 1.74 wt %. Operation at 140 °C resulted in more effective AsH3 removal with a minimum arsenic capacity of 4.31 wt % for a feed gas containing 737 ppbv AsH3. The kinetic limitation for AsH3 adsorption at near ambient temperature is likely the result of slow migration of arsenic from the copper surface. At 140 °C arsenic migration is fast enough to provide a clean copper surface for adsorption. The Cu/carbon adsorbent was slightly less effective for phosphine removal than for AsH3. The sulfur-containing contaminants thiophene, carbonyl sulfide, and carbon disulfide were only partially removed from a syngas feed, and the adsorbent had almost no affinity for methyl chloride.
Three globin lineages belonging to two structural classes in genomes from the three kingdoms of life (2005)

Although most globins, including the N-terminal domains within chimeric proteins such as flavohemoglobins and globin-coupled sensors, exhibit a 3/3 helical sandwich structure, many bacterial, plant, and ciliate globins have a 2/2 helical sandwich structure. We carried out a comprehensive survey of globins in the genomes from the three kingdoms of life. Bayesian phylogenetic trees based on manually aligned sequences indicate the possibility of past horizontal globin gene transfers from bacteria to eukaryotes. blastp searches revealed the presence of 3/3 single-domain globins related to the globin domains of the bacterial and fungal flavohemoglobins in many bacteria, a red alga, and a diatom. Iterated psi-blast searches based on groups of globin sequences found that only the single-domain globins and flavohemoglobins recognize the eukaryote 3/3 globins, including vertebrate neuroglobins, alpha- and beta-globins, and cytoglobins. The 2/2 globins recognize the flavohemoglobins, as do the globin coupled sensors and the closely related single-domain protoglobins. However, the 2/2 globins and the globin-coupled sensors do not recognize each other. Thus, all globins appear to be distributed among three lineages: (i) the 3/3 plant and metazoan globins, single-domain globins, and flavohemoglobins; (ii) the bacterial 3/3 globin-coupled sensors and protoglobins; and (iii) the bacterial, plant, and ciliate 2/2 globins. The three lineages may have evolved from an ancestral 3/3 or 2/2 globin. Furthermore, it appears likely that the predominant functions of globins are enzymatic and that oxygen transport is a specialized development that accompanied the evolution of metazoans.
A comparison of brachial artery row‐mediated vasodilation using upper and lower arm arterial occlusion in subjects with and without coronary risk factors (2000)

Our study demonstrates that upper arm compared with lower arm cuff occlusion undertaken to induce hyperemia for the assessment of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation results in significantly greater hyperemia and vasodilation. Flow-mediated vasodilation obtained using the upper arm technique better separates subjects with and without coronary risk factors.
Nodules are induced on alfalfa roots by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium trifolii containing small segments of the Rhizobium meliloti nodulation region (1985)

Regions of the Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes from the symbiotic plasmid were transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium trifolii by conjugation. The A. tumefaciens and R. trifolii transconjugants were unable to elicit curling of alfalfa root hairs, but were able to induce nodule development at a low frequency. These were judged to be genuine nodules on the basis of cytological and developmental criteria. Like genuine alfalfa nodules, the nodules were initiated from divisions of the inner root cortical cells. They developed a distally positioned meristem and several peripheral vascular bundles. An endodermis separated the inner tissues of the nodule from the surrounding cortex. No infection threads were found to penetrate either root hairs or the nodule cells. Bacteria were found only in intercellular spaces. Thus, alfalfa nodules induced by A. tumefaciens and R. trifolii transconjugants carrying small nodulation clones of R. meliloti were completely devoid of intracellular bacteria. When these strains were inoculated onto white clover roots, small nodule-like protrusions developed that, when examined cytologically, were found to more closely resemble roots than nodules. Although the meristem was broadened and lacked a root cap, the protrusions had a central vascular bundle and other rootlike features. Our results suggest that morphogenesis of alfalfa root nodules can be uncoupled from infection thread formation. The genes encoded in the 8.7-kilobase nodulation fragment are sufficient in A. tumefaciens or R. trifolii backgrounds for nodule morphogenesis.
Functional domains of LAG-2, a putative signaling ligand for LIN-12 and GLP-1 receptors in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1997)

The LAG-2 membrane protein is a putative signaling ligand for the LIN-12 and GLP-1 receptors of Caenorhabditis elegans. LAG-2, like its Drosophila homologues Delta and Serrate, acts in a conserved signal transduction pathway to regulate cell fates during development. In this article, we investigate the functional domains of LAG-2. For the most part, mutants were constructed in vitro and assayed for activity in transgenic animals. We find a functional role for all major regions except one. Within the extracellular domain, the N-terminal region, which bears no known motif, and the DSL domain are both required. By contrast, the region bearing epidermal growth factor-like repeats can be deleted with no apparent reduction in rescuing activity. The intracellular region is not required for activity but instead plays a role in down-regulating LAG-2 function. Finally, membrane association is critical for mutant rescue.
Specific expression of the <i>AGL1</i> MADS‐box gene suggests regulatory functions in <i>Arabidopsis</i> gynoecium and ovule development (1996)

Several members of the MADS-box gene family have been shown to be important regulators of flower development, controlling such well-studied early events as the formation of the floral meristem and the specification of floral organ identity. Other floral-specific MADS-box genes, of as yet unknown function, have been isolated by homology and are proposed to be part of a regulatory hierarchy controlling flower development. Some of these genes might regulate later aspects of flower development, such as development of individual floral organs, which is less well studied at the molecular level. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the expression pattern of one such gene from Arabidopsis, AGL1, using RNA in situ hybridization. It is found that AGL1 is specifically expressed in particular regions of the gynoecium and ovule, only during and after floral development stage 7. AGL1 expression at the tip of the growing carpel primordia, along the margins of the ovary valves in developing and mature gynoecia and in specific regions of developing and mature ovules provides important insights into the possible roles of AGL1. It is proposed that AGL1 may have regulatory functions in the structural definition and/or function of the valve margins, in axis maintenance during ovule development, in nutritional supply to the growing ovule and embryo sac, and in pollen tube guidance. In the floral homeotic mutants ag-1, ap3-3 and ap2-2, AGL1 mRNA is expressed in an organ-dependent manner, suggesting that AGL1 is a carpel-specific gene and as such ultimately depends upon the carpel identity gene AG for proper gene expression.
Per-Survivor Processing: a general approach to MLSE in uncertain environments (1995)

Per-survivor processing (PSP) provides a general framework for the approximation of maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) algorithms whenever the presence of unknown quantities prevents the precise use of the classical Viterbi algorithm. This principle stems from the idea that data-aided estimation of unknown parameters may be embedded into the structure of the Viterbi algorithm itself. Among the numerous possible applications, the authors concentrate on (a) adaptive MLSE, (b) simultaneous trellis coded modulation (TCM) decoding and phase synchronization, (c) adaptive reduced state sequence estimation (RSSE). As a matter of fact, PSP is interpretable as a generalization of decision feedback techniques of RSSE to decoding in the presence of unknown parameters. A number of algorithms for the simultaneous estimation of data sequence and unknown channel parameters are presented and compared with "conventional" techniques based on the use of tentative decisions. Results for uncoded modulations over interSymbol interference (ISI) fading channels and joint TCM decoding and carrier synchronization are presented. In all cases, it is found that PSP algorithms are clearly more robust than conventional techniques both in tracking a time-varying channel and acquiring its characteristics without training.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SLEEP LOSS AND ITS EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE (1969)

Abstract : The effects of sleep loss on human task performance are discussed under total, partial, and selective deprivations of sleep. Some of the frequently used psychological tasks in studies of total sleep loss are described in sufficient detail so that experimenters could choose, on the basis of materials presented in this monograph, adequate tasks to fit their experimental objectives. Factors which play critical roles in determining the degree of task sensitivity to total sleep loss are listed. Effects of shortened hours of sleep on human task performance are discussed. Effects of selected sleep deprivation on performance are also commented upon. The commentary is followed by a bibliography on sleep deprivation with author and subject indices.
Drift Removal for Improving the Accuracy of Gait Parameters Using Wearable Sensor Systems (2014)

Accumulated signal noise will cause the integrated values to drift from the true value when measuring orientation angles of wearable sensors. This work proposes a novel method to reduce the effect of this drift to accurately measure human gait using wearable sensors. Firstly, an infinite impulse response (IIR) digital 4th order Butterworth filter was implemented to remove the noise from the raw gyro sensor data. Secondly, the mode value of the static state gyro sensor data was subtracted from the measured data to remove offset values. Thirdly, a robust double derivative and integration method was introduced to remove any remaining drift error from the data. Lastly, sensor attachment errors were minimized by establishing the gravitational acceleration vector from the acceleration data at standing upright and sitting posture. These improvements proposed allowed for removing the drift effect, and showed an average of 2.1°, 33.3°, 15.6° difference for the hip knee and ankle joint flexion/extension angle, when compared to without implementation. Kinematic and spatio-temporal gait parameters were also calculated from the heel-contact and toe-off timing of the foot. The data provided in this work showed potential of using wearable sensors in clinical evaluation of patients with gait-related diseases.
Sketching Valuation Functions (2012)

Motivated by the problem of querying and communicating bidders' valuations in combinatorial auctions, we study how well different classes of set functions can be sketched. More formally let f be a function mapping subsets of some ground set [n] to the non-negative real numbers. We say that f′ is an α-sketch of f if for every set S, the value f′(S) lies between f(S)/α and f(S), and f′ can be specified by poly(n) bits. We show that for every subadditive function f there exists an α-sketch where α = n1/2 · O(polylog(n)). Furthermore, we provide an algorithm that finds these sketches with a polynomial number of demand queries. This is essentially the best we can hope for since: 1. We show that there exist subadditive functions (in fact, XOS functions) that do not admit an o(n1/2) sketch. (Balcan and Harvey [3] previously showed that there exist functions belonging to the class of substitutes valuations that do not admit an O(n1/3) sketch.) 2. We prove that every deterministic algorithm that accesses the function via value queries only cannot guarantee a sketching ratio better than n1−ε. We also show that coverage functions, an interesting subclass of submodular functions, admit arbitrarily good sketches. Finally, we show an interesting connection between sketching and learning. We show that for every class of valuations, if the class admits an α-sketch, then it can be α-approximately learned in the PMAC model of Balcan and Harvey. The bounds we prove are only information-theoretic and do not imply the existence of computationally efficient learning algorithms in general.
Fiber in-line polarization rotator and mode interchanger (1987)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Michael J. Marrone and Carl A. Villarruel, "Fiber in-line polarization rotator and mode interchanger," Appl. Opt. 26, 3194-3195 (1987) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Protein C in renal allotransplantation during the perioperative period (1989)

Protein C activity, both coagulant and amidolytic, as well as antigen level were studied during the perioperative period in 40 renal transplants recipients and 21 healthy controls. At transplantations the protein C coagulant activity was significantly lower in the patients than in the normal controls, and further decreased in the patients during the first week after transplantation, whereas the amidolytic activity of protein C was normal and the protein C antigen level was elevated. In the patients with established kidney function, protein C coagulant activity was higher than in patients with impaired graft function. Furthermore, it seems that the protein C coagulant activity was closely related to changes in graft function in the 11 patients with graft rejection episodes. The low protein C coagulant activity following renal transplantation could be a contributing factor to thromboembolic complications.
In Situ Mass Spectrometry Study on Surface Reactions in Atomic Layer Deposition of TiN and Ti(Al)N Thin Films (2001)

Surface reactions in the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of TiN and Ti(Al)N films from titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), trimethylaluminum (Al(CH3)3), and deuterated ammonia (ND3) were studied by using a mass spectrometer to determine the amounts of reaction products formed during each deposition step. Since the Al(CH3)3 dose has been noticed to have a considerable effect on the properties of the deposited Ti(Al)N films, the deposition was studied with low and high Al(CH3)3 doses. Deuterium chloride, DCl, was the most noticeable reaction byproduct during each deposition step, and the other byproducts increased to significant amounts merely with the high Al(CH3)3 dose. With the low Al(CH3)3 dose, most of the chlorine was eliminated during the ammonia pulse similarly to the TiN process. On the other hand, with the high Al(CH3)3 dose, most of the chlorine was removed during the TiCl4 pulse. The detection of ethane during the Ti(Al)N deposition with the high Al(CH3)3 dose implied that Al(CH3)3 acts as an additional reducing agent releasing methyl radicals. During the deposition of AlN films, no ethane evolvement could be detected.
Record Matching to Improve Data Quality (1999)

Data Quality is defined in [TB98] as fitness for use, which implies that quality is relative to the use of data. Problems with data quality tend to fall into two categories: inconsistency among systems and inconsistency with reality. Format/syntax, semantic and value inconsistencies are representative of inconsistency among systems whereas incorrect and missing values are representative of inconsistencies with reality.