gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal transduction in human B cells during aging: alterations in stimulus-induced phosphorylations of tyrosine and serine/threonine substrates and in cytosolic calcium responsiveness. (1991)

Protein phosphorylation is considered an early cellular mechanism of signal transduction by surface immunoglobulins (sIg) and other receptors of B cells. Using intact human peripheral blood B cells of young subjects labeled with orthophosphate, increased phosphorylation levels of serine/threonine and tyrosine substrates were demonstrated on indicator phosphoproteins corresponding to the CD20 isoforms and microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase after cross-linking sIg and costimulation with phorbol diesters. By contrast, stimulated B cells from certain elderly subjects displayed substantial alterations in the phosphorylation patterns of serine/threonine or tyrosine indicator phosphoproteins. Also, age-related impairments in sIg stimulated mobilization of cytosolic protein kinase C (PKC) enzymatic activity and in cytosolic calcium [Ca2+]i responses of B cells were observed with the altered phosphorylation reactions. Comparison of the substrate phosphorylation profiles to the proliferative responses of stimulated B cells from individual elderly subjects suggested a model of signal transduction in which differing stimuli have different dependencies on phosphorylation reactions. Diminished proliferative responses after sIg ligation coincided with decreased phosphorylations of either tyrosine or serine/threonine indicator substrates. However, the decreased proliferative responses of B cells from elderly subjects with substantial reductions of tyrosine phosphorylation after sIg ligation were enhanced by the direct stimulation of serine/threonine kinase activity with phorbol diesters or CD40 ligation. Experiments with kinase inhibitors evaluated the relative dependency of different B cell stimuli on tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation reactions. The proliferative responses of normal B cells to sIg ligation were quite sensitive to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein whereas those observed following costimulations with phorbol diesters or CD40 ligation were more resistant. However, treatment of B cells with H7, an inhibitor of PKC activity, led to a more uniform reduction of B-cell responses after different stimuli. Results from RNase protection assays of c-myc expression also suggested that different B-cell stimuli might utilize distinct intracellular signaling pathways. Both the type of stimuli and mode of sIg ligation were important in determining the stimulated levels of c-myc mRNA expression. Thus, the current findings suggest that age-related defects are present in human B cell signaling pathways as reflected by tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation reactions. Also, these age-related defects can coexist with altered mobilization of PKC enzymatic activity and with alterations in [Ca2+]i and proliferative responses.
Escherichia coli mraR gene involved in cell growth and division (1992)

The mraR gene, which has a coding frame of 363 bp and lies close to and upstream of the ftsI gene of Escherichia coli, is involved in both cell division and cell lysis. It is thought to function in regulating the two distinct steps of the cell cycle, as two different one-base mutations in this unique gene caused different phenotypical changes in the cell. Comparison of nucleotide sequences of the mutant type mraR DNAs with the wild type suggested that filamentation of the cell was caused by a mutation in the putative start codon, whereas lysis of the cell was caused by a mutation which led to a change of one internal glutamate residue to lysine.
Monitoring Susceptibility to Azinphosmethyl in Field Populations of the Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with Pheromone Traps (1985)

A procedure was developed to screen field populations of Cydia pomonella (L.) directly for resistance to azinphosmethyl or other toxicants. Male moths were collected in the field with pheromone traps and assayed with azinphosmethyl by topical application to the dorsal thorax directly on the adhesive-coated trap surface. The first flight had a steeper concentration-mortality regression than the second flight, indicating an increase in variability of the toxicological response over the season. The LC50 of moths trapped during the spring flight was somewhat higher (0.22 µg/moth) than during the summer (0.08–0.16 µg). Assays of laboratory-reared moths from the same location kept in plastic cages or on sticky trap surfaces to simulate the test procedure with field-collected moths yielded LC50’s in the same range (0.10–0.14 µg/moth). The longevity of moths and their toxicological response was not affected by the polybutene adhesive provided it was applied as a thin uniform film to the trap surface. Susceptibility to azinphosmethyl increased considerably with age in both sexes and was not correlated with loss in body weight. Female moths were slightly more susceptible when azinphosmethyl was applied to the thoracic venter instead of the dorsum. Males were equally susceptible to either application.
IN BLOCK-CODED IMAGES (1997)

This paper presents a new non-linear adaptive filter for blocking artefacts reduction of images coded with block-based compression standards. Fuzzy logic has been used to develop this filter.
A hybrid framework for capacity and coverage optimization in self-organizing LTE networks (2013)

In this paper, we address the capacity and coverage optimization (CCO) problem for LTE networks by means of self-organizing network (SON) techniques. A novel hybrid two-layer optimization framework is proposed to enhance the network capacity and coverage, where on the top layer a network entity of eCoordinator is implemented to ensure overall network coverage by optimizing the antenna tilt and capacity-coverage weight of each cell in a centralized manner, and on the bottom layer individual eNB optimizes cell-specific capacity and coverage by tuning its pilot power in a distributed manner. A heuristic algorithm is developed for the eCoordinator operation at large time granularity and the Genetic Programming (GP) approach is exploited for the eNB operation at small time granularity, for the purpose of tracking overall network performance as well as adapting to network dynamics. Our simulation results have demonstrated the usefulness of the proposed algorithms by enhancing network capacity and coverage performance under various system requirements.
Stable Jets of Viscoelastic Fluids and Self-Assembled Cylindrical Capsules by Hydrodynamic Focusing (2006)

We demonstrate formation of long-lived cylindrical jets of a viscoelastic fluid using hydrodynamic focusing. A solution of polyacrylamide in water is driven coaxially with immiscible oil and subjected to strong extensional flow. At high flow rates, the aqueous phase forms jets that are 4-90 microm in diameter and several centimeters long. The liquid surfaces of these jets are then used as templates for assembly of microspheres into novel rigid and hollow cylinders.
Antimutagenic Activity of Polymethoxyflavonoids from <i>Citrus aurantium</i> (1999)

The methanol extract from Citrus aurantium showed a suppressive effect on umu gene expression of SOS response in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 against the mutagen 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (furylfuramide). The methanol extract from C. aurantium was successively re-extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, butanol, and water. A dichloromethane fraction showed a suppressive effect. The suppressive compounds in the dichloromethane fraction were isolated by SiO(2) column chromatography and identified as tetra-O-methylscutellarein (1), sinensetin (2), and nobiletin (3) by EI-MS and (1)H- and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. These compounds suppressed the furylfuramide-induced SOS response in the umu test. Gene expression was suppressed 67%, 45%, and 25% at a concentration of 0.6 micromol/mL, respectively. The ID(50) value (50% inhibition dose) of compound 1 was 0. 19 micromol/mL. These compounds were assayed with other mutagens, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1), which requires liver metabolizing enzymes, activated Trp-P-1, and UV irradiation. These compounds showed of all mutagen-induced SOS response in the umu test. In addition, compounds 1-3 exhibited antimutagenic activity in the S. typhimurium TA100 Ames test.
Practical time synchronization for Bluetooth Scatternets (2007)

By means of so-called Scatternets, Bluetooth provides the ability to construct robust wireless multi-hop networks. In this paper we propose a practical protocol for time synchronization of such Bluetooth multi-hop networks. Our protocol makes use of the internal clock maintained by Bluetooth, requires minimal communication overhead, and provides an accuracy of few milliseconds across multiple hops. The protocol has been implemented and evaluated on BTnodes, an embedded computing platform which uses Bluetooth for ad hoc networking.
Cardiovascular Disease: What's All the AGE/RAGE About? (2010)

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are involved in mediating the effects of hyperglycaemia in diabetes. The most important receptor for AGEs is the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Binding of AGEs to RAGE converts transient cellular stimulation into sustained cellular dysfunction driven by long-term activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB. Different splice variants of RAGE exist, including a soluble form that binds to AGEs but lacks the intracellular domain and thus fails to induce signal transduction. In this context, soluble RAGE may act as a therapeutic agent for AGE-induced effects. The balance between the synthesis of sRAGE and full-length RAGE may be an important determinant of AGE-induced dysfunction. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that AGEs either directly or via their interaction with RAGE play a pivotal role in the development and acceleration of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These effects will be summarised in this review, together with the effects of therapeutic strategies targeting AGE/RAGE interactions. These treatments appear to have significant clinical potential, most likely in combination with currently used agents such as inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system or statins, to reduce the major burden of diabetes, its associated cardiovascular disease.
Interactive example-based terrain authoring with conditional generative adversarial networks (2017)

Authoring virtual terrains presents a challenge and there is a strong need for authoring tools able to create realistic terrains with simple user-inputs and with high user control. We propose an example-based authoring pipeline that uses a set of terrain synthesizers dedicated to specific tasks. Each terrain synthesizer is a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network trained by using real-world terrains and their sketched counterparts. The training sets are built automatically with a view that the terrain synthesizers learn the generation from features that are easy to sketch. During the authoring process, the artist first creates a rough sketch of the main terrain features, such as rivers, valleys and ridges, and the algorithm automatically synthesizes a terrain corresponding to the sketch using the learned features of the training samples. Moreover, an erosion synthesizer can also generate terrain evolution by erosion at a very low computational cost. Our framework allows for an easy terrain authoring and provides a high level of realism for a minimum sketch cost. We show various examples of terrain synthesis created by experienced as well as inexperienced users who are able to design a vast variety of complex terrains in a very short time.
A new resolution progressive coding scheme using a sorting algorithm (2002)

It has been proposed that resolution progressiveness is one of the most important techniques for image compression. In this paper, we offer a new resolution progressive coding method. The main point stresses how to exploit self-similarity across different scales of wavelet transform by sorting the coefficients. Wavelet transformed images inherently have correlation between subbands at different levels in a spatial decomposition hierarchy, and thus exploiting the correlation of the hierarchy helps to compress the amount of information of images. A number of methods with SNR progressive coding have been presented so far; however, this proposed method concerns resolution progressiveness as well as SNR progressiveness, which can be only applied in each subband, and still be effective and computationally very simple for image compression.
Improved complete response rate and survival in advanced head and neck cancer after three-course induction therapy with 120-hour 5-FU infusion and cisplatin (1985)

In a series of three consecutive pilot studies carried out between 1977 and 1981 at Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, designed to test the feasibility of multimodality therapy in patients with previously untreated advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, patients received three different induction chemotherapy regimens: cisplatin + Oncovin (vincristine) + bleomycin (COB) for two courses; 96-hour 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion and cisplatin for two courses, or 120-hour 5-FU infusion + cisplatin for three courses. Over-all response rates (complete response + partial response) to each of the three induction chemotherapy regimens were high: 80%, 88%, and 93%, respectively. Superior complete response rate in the group receiving three courses of 120-hour 5-FU infusion + cisplatin was 54% versus 29% for COB and 19% for two-course 96-hour 5-FU infusion + cisplatin (P = 0.04). Significant survival advantage at 18 months minimum follow-up for the group receiving three courses of 120-hour 5-FU + cisplatin induction therapy was found. Actual T and N stage may influence the clinical complete response rate. Responders to initial chemotherapy have significantly better survival as compared to nonresponders regardless of subsequent surgery and/or radiotherapy. These studies show that a multimodality approach to management of advanced head and neck cancer is feasible. Superior complete response rate and survival in one of the treatment groups suggest that choice of induction chemotherapy regimens and/or number of courses is of prime importance in such multimodality treatment programs.
An open conformation of mammalian cytochrome P450 2B4 at 1.6-Å resolution (2003)

The xenobiotic metabolizing cytochromes P450 (P450s) are among the most versatile biological catalysts known, but knowledge of the structural basis for their broad substrate specificity has been limited. P450 2B4 has been frequently used as an experimental model for biochemical and biophysical studies of these membrane proteins. A 1.6-A crystal structure of P450 2B4 reveals a large open cleft that extends from the protein surface directly to the heme iron between the alpha-helical and beta-sheet domains without perturbing the overall P450 fold. This cleft is primarily formed by helices B' to C and F to G. The conformation of these regions is dramatically different from that of the other structurally defined mammalian P450, 2C5/3LVdH, in which the F to G and B' to C regions encapsulate one side of the active site to produce a closed form of the enzyme. The open conformation of 2B4 is trapped by reversible formation of a homodimer in which the residues between helices F and G of one molecule partially fill the open cleft of a symmetry-related molecule, and an intermolecular coordinate bond occurs between H226 and the heme iron. This dimer is observed both in solution and in the crystal. Differences between the structures of 2C5 and 2B4 suggest that defined regions of xenobiotic metabolizing P450s may adopt a substantial range of energetically accessible conformations without perturbing the overall fold. This conformational flexibility is likely to facilitate substrate access, metabolic versatility, and product egress.
NK/iDC interaction results in IL-18 secretion by DCs at the synaptic cleft followed by NK cell activation and release of the DC maturation factor HMGB1 (2005)

Interaction of natural killer (NK) cells with autologous immature dendritic cells (DCs) results in reciprocal activation; however, the underlying mechanisms are so far elusive. We show here that NK cells trigger immature DCs to polarize and secrete interleukin 18 (IL-18), a cytokine lacking a secretory leader sequence. This occurs through a Ca2+-dependent and tubulin-mediated recruitment of IL-18-containing secretory lysosomes toward the adhering NK cell. Lysosome exocytosis and IL-18 secretion are restricted at the synaptic cleft, thus allowing activation of the interacting NK cells without spreading of the cytokine. In turn, DC-activated NK cells secrete the proinflammatory cytokine high mobility group B1 (HMGB1), which induces DC maturation and protects DCs from lysis. Also HMGB1 is a leaderless cytokine that undergoes regulated secretion. Differently from IL-18, soluble HMGB1 is consistently detected in NK/DC supernatants. These data point to secretion of leaderless cytokines as a key event for the reciprocal activation of NK cells and DCs. DCs initiate NK cell activation by targeted delivery of IL-18, thus instructing NK cells in the absence of adaptive-type cytokines; in turn, activated NK cells release HMGB1, which promotes inflammation and induces DC maturation, thus favoring the onset of the adaptive immune response.
Olefin/Paraffin Separations by Reactive Absorption:  A Review (1998)

Light olefins and paraffins are commonly separated by cryogenic distillation. A process based upon reversible chemical complexation, which employs a mass-separating agent rather than an energy-separating agent, presents an attractive alternative to distillation. Use of such a facilitated-transport-assisted process could substantially reduce the capital costs and energy requirements of olefin/paraffin separations. Copper(I) and silver(I) have long been known to form electron donor/acceptor complexes with olefins. Several chemical systems using these transition metals as the selective separating agent have been studied. A review of copper- and silver-based complexing solutions for olefin/paraffin separations via gas/liquid contacting is presented.
Charles R. Blyth (1959)

News| December 01 1959 Charles R. Blyth Sidney L. Schwartz Sidney L. Schwartz Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar California Historical Society Quarterly (1959) 38 (4): 360–361. https://doi.org/10.2307/25155287 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Sidney L. Schwartz; Charles R. Blyth. California Historical Society Quarterly 1 December 1959; 38 (4): 360–361. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/25155287 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentCalifornia History Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1959 The California Historical Society Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
An Adaptive Method for Selecting Question Pools Using C4.5 (2010)

A number of adaptive mechanisms for asking questions have been proposed. This paper presents a novel adaptive method for selecting questions from various pools of questions. The method uses a state-diagram to represent various question pools where transitions between the states are dynamically modified to generate the optimal pool of questions for the next question. C4.5 is used to close the loop on adaptive selection of questions. A case study showing how the method was implemented for an online environmental game is presented and evaluated.
Pyrroles and related compounds. Part XXX. Cyclisation of porphyrin β-keto-esters to phaeoporphyrins (1974)

Porphyrin β-keto-esters are cyclised to the corresponding phaeoporphyrins in high yield by treatment of the former with 2 equiv. of thallium(III) trifluoroacetate, followed by photolysis and demetallation. In this way, the first formal total syntheses of phaeoporphyrin-a5 dimethyl ester (6a) and 2-vinylphaeoporphyrin-a5 dimethyl ester (6b) have been accomplished.
Evaluation of a simple polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based membrane for blood-feeding of malaria and dengue fever vectors in the laboratory (2018)

Mosquitoes fed via this simple AF method had similar feeding success, fecundity and longevity. The method could potentially be used for laboratory colonization of mosquitoes, where DHF is unfeasible. If improved (e.g. minimizing temperature fluctuations), the approach could possibly also support studies where vectors are artificially infected with blood-borne pathogens.
Assessing LV wall motion by frame-to-frame curvature matching and optical flow estimation (2002)

This work seeks to describe left ventricle (LV) shape by optimizing the curvature computation. A method based on adaptive Fourier series approximation was developed and compared with three known methods. The authors also wish to assess wall motion by applying both the optical flow method and an improved shape matching algorithm, as well as to compare their results with each other and with the centerline method. First, the points of curvature extrema along each contour are tracked frame-to-frame, extrapolated if necessary throughout systole and selected by restrictive criteria. Second, the points lying among these markers are mapped onto the next contours proportionally to local displacement and curvature changes. Results are in closer agreement with physiology knowledge than those of both the centerline and optical flow methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Large‐scale isolation and cytotoxicity of extracellular vesicles derived from activated human natural killer cells (2017)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been the focus of great interest, as they appear to be involved in numerous important cellular processes. They deliver bioactive macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, allowing intercellular communication in multicellular organisms. EVs are secreted by all cell types, including immune cells such as natural killer cells (NK), and they may play important roles in the immune system. Currently, a large-scale procedure to obtain functional NK EVs is lacking, limiting their use clinically. In this report, we present a simple, robust, and cost-effective method to isolate a large quantity of NK EVs. After propagating and activating NK cells <i>ex vivo</i> and then incubating them in exosome-free medium for 48 h, EVs were isolated using a polymer precipitation method. The isolated vesicles contain the tetraspanin CD63, an EV marker, and associated proteins (fibronectin), but are devoid of cytochrome C, a cytoplasmic marker. Nanoparticle tracking analysis showed a size distribution between 100 and 200 nm while transmission electron microscopy imaging displayed vesicles with an oval shape and comparable sizes, fulfilling the definition of EV. Importantly, isolated EV fractions were cytotoxic against cancer cells. Furthermore, our results demonstrate for the first time that isolated activated NK (aNK) cell EVs contain the cytotoxic proteins perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A and B, incorporated from the aNK cells. Activation of caspase -3, -7 and -9 was detected in cancer cells incubated with aNK EVs, and caspase inhibitors blocked aNK EV-induced cytotoxicity, suggesting that aNK EVs activate caspase pathways in target cells. The ability to isolate functional aNK EVs on a large scale may lead to new clinical applications. <b>Abbreviations</b>: NK: natural killer cells; activated NK (aNK) cells; EVs: extracellular vesicles; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; aAPC: artificial antigen-presenting cell; TEM: transmission electron microscope; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; FBS: foetal bovine serum.