gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ Regulation of miR-15a in Ischemia-Induced Cerebral Vascular Endothelial Injury (2010)

Cerebral vascular endothelial cell (CEC) degeneration significantly contributes to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and neuronal loss after cerebral ischemia. Recently, emerging data suggest that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) activation has a potential neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke. Here we report for the first time that PPARdelta is significantly reduced in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced mouse CEC death. Interestingly, PPARdelta overexpression can suppress OGD-induced caspase-3 activity, Golgi fragmentation, and CEC death through an increase of bcl-2 protein levels without change of bcl-2 mRNA levels. To explore the molecular mechanisms, we have identified that upregulation of PPARdelta can alleviate ODG-activated microRNA-15a (miR-15a) expression in CECs. Moreover, we have demonstrated that bcl-2 is a translationally repressed target of miR-15a. Intriguingly, gain- or loss-of-miR-15a function can significantly reduce or increase OGD-induced CEC death, respectively. Furthermore, we have identified that miR-15a is a transcriptional target of PPARdelta. Consistent with the in vitro findings, we found that intracerebroventricular infusion of a specific PPARdelta agonist, GW 501516 (2-[2-methyl-4-[[4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methylsulfanyl]phenoxy]acetic acid), significantly reduced ischemia-induced miR-15a expression, increased bcl-2 protein levels, and attenuated caspase-3 activity and subsequent DNA fragmentation in isolated cerebral microvessels, leading to decreased BBB disruption and reduced cerebral infarction in mice after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Together, these results suggest that PPARdelta plays a vascular-protective role in ischemia-like insults via transcriptional repression of miR-15a, resulting in subsequent release of its posttranscriptional inhibition of bcl-2. Thus, regulation of PPARdelta-mediated miR-15a inhibition of bcl-2 could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of stroke-related vascular dysfunction.
DNA Microgels as a Platform for Cell-Free Protein Expression and Display (2016)

Protein expression and selection is an essential process in the modification of biological products. Expressed proteins are selected based on desired traits (phenotypes) from diverse gene libraries (genotypes), whose size may be limited due to the difficulties inherent in diverse cell preparation. In addition, not all genes can be expressed in cells, and linking genotype with phenotype further presents a great challenge in protein engineering. We present a DNA gel-based platform that demonstrates the versatility of two DNA microgel formats to address fundamental challenges of protein engineering, including high protein yield, isolation of gene sets, and protein display. We utilize microgels to show successful protein production and capture of a model protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP), which is further used to demonstrate a successful gene enrichment through fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of a mixed population of microgels containing the GFP gene. Through psoralen cross-linking of the hydrogels, we have synthesized DNA microgels capable of surviving denaturing conditions while still possessing the ability to produce protein. Lastly, we demonstrate a method of producing extremely high local gene concentrations of up to 32 000 gene repeats in hydrogels 1 to 2 μm in diameter. These DNA gels can serve as a novel cell-free platform for integrated protein expression and display, which can be applied toward more powerful, scalable protein engineering and cell-free synthetic biology with no physiological boundaries and limitations.
Deregulated expression of c-Myc in a translocation-negative plasmacytoma on extrachromosomal elements that carry <i>IgH</i> and <i>myc</i> genes (1999)

The induced expression of c-Myc in plasmacytomas in BALB/c mice is regularly associated with nonrandom chromosomal translocations that juxtapose the c-myc gene to one of the Ig loci on chromosome 12 (IgH), 6 (IgK), or 16 (IgL). The DCPC21 plasmacytoma belongs to a small group of plasmacytomas that are unusual in that they appear to be translocation-negative. In this paper, we show the absence of any c-myc-activating chromosomal translocation for the DCPC21 by using fluorescent in situ hybridization, chromosome painting, and spectral karyotyping. We find that DCPC21 harbors c-myc and IgH genes on extrachromosomal elements (EEs) from which c-myc is transcribed, as shown by c-myc mRNA tracks and extrachromosomal gene transfer experiments. The transcriptional activity of these EEs is supported further by the presence of the transcription-associated phosphorylation of histone H3 (H3P) on the EEs. Thus, our data suggest that in this plasmacytoma, c-Myc expression is achieved by an alternative mechanism. The expression of the c-Myc oncoprotein is initiated outside the chromosomal locations of the c-myc gene, i.e., from EEs, which can be considered functional genetic units. Our data also imply that other "translocation-negative" experimental and human tumors with fusion transcripts or oncogenic activation may indeed carry translocation(s), however, in an extrachromosomal form.
Cryptanalysis of Stream Cipher Grain Family. (2009)

Grain v1 is one of the 7 final candidates of ECRYPT eStream project, which involves in the 80-bit secret key. Grain-128 is a variant version with 128-bit secret key, and Grain v0 is the original version in the first evaluation phase. Firstly, we describe a distinguishing attack against the Grain family with weak Key-IVs. Utilizing the second Walsh spectra of the nonlinear functions, we show that there are 2 64 /2 64 /2 96 weak Key-IVs among total 2 144 /2 144 /2 224 Key-IVs, and to distinguish a weak Key-IV needs about 2 12.6 /2 44.2 /2 86 keystream bits and 2 15.8 /2 47.5 / 2 104.2 operations for Grain v0, Grain v1 and Grain-128 respectively. Secondly, we apply algebraic attacks to the Grain family with a weak Key-IV, and can recover the secret key in about 2 seconds and 150 keystream bits for Grain v0 and Grain v1, and reveal the key of Grain-128 with about 100 keystream bits and 2 93.8 operations. Furthermore, we discuss the period of the keystream with a weak Key-IV for any Grain-like structure which can lead in self-sliding attack.
Fusing Time-of-Flight and Received Signal Strength for adaptive radio-frequency ranging (2013)

Teams of mobile cooperative robots are ideal candidates for applications where the presence of humans is impossible or should be avoided. Knowing the positions of the robots in crucial in such scenarios. A possible solution is to derive relative positions from local communication. In this work, we propose an anchor-free online channel estimation method aimed at small multi-robot teams. By combining both the Time-of-Flight (ToF) and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) ranging, provided by the nanoLoc devices, we perform an online estimation of the indoor log-distance path loss model. This model will then be used together with an Extended Kalman Filter to track distance between every pair of units. The advantages compared to previous work are: 1) we do not use any extra sensors, since all the data is captured from the transceiver module; 2) we do not use any a priori knowledge, the channel model is estimated online, without the need of fixed anchor nodes; 3) we support the high dynamics of RSSI with the improved accuracy of ToF.
ADL: exploring the middle ground between STRIPS and the situation calculus (1989)

RSK2 (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2) is activated via the ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathway by phosphorylation on four sites: Ser227 in the activation loop of the N-terminal kinase domain, Ser369 in the linker, Ser386 in the hydrophobic motif and Thr577 in the C-terminal kinase domain of RSK2. In the present study, we demonstrate that RSK2 is associated in vivo with PP2Cdelta (protein phosphatase 2Cdelta). In epidermal growth factorstimulated cells, RSK2 is partially dephosphorylated on all four sites in an Mn2+-dependent manner, leading to reduced protein kinase activity. Furthermore, PP2Cd is phosphorylated by ERK on Thr315 and Thr333 in the catalytic domain. Mutation of Thr315 and Thr333 to alanine in a catalytically inactive mutant PP2Cdelta (H154D) (His154-->Asp) increases the association with RSK2 significantly, whereas mutation to glutamate, mimicking phosphorylation, reduces the binding of RSK2. The domains of interaction are mapped to the N-terminal extension comprising residues 1-71 of PP2Cd and the N-terminal kinase domain of RSK2. The interaction is specific, since PP2Cd associates with RSK1-RSK4, MSK1 (mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1) and MSK2, but not with p70 S6 kinase or phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1. We conclude that RSK2 is associated with PP2Cd in vivo and is partially dephosphorylated by it, leading to reduced kinase activity.
Abcg2 labels multiple cell types in skeletal muscle and participates in muscle regeneration (2011)

Skeletal muscle contains progenitor cells (satellite cells) that maintain and repair muscle. It also contains muscle side population (SP) cells, which express Abcg2 and may participate in muscle regeneration or may represent a source of satellite cell replenishment. In Abcg2-null mice, the SP fraction is lost in skeletal muscle, although the significance of this loss was previously unknown. We show that cells expressing Abcg2 increased upon injury and that muscle regeneration was impaired in Abcg2-null mice, resulting in fewer centrally nucleated myofibers, reduced myofiber size, and fewer satellite cells. Additionally, using genetic lineage tracing, we demonstrate that the progeny of Abcg2-expressing cells contributed to multiple cell types within the muscle interstitium, primarily endothelial cells. After injury, Abcg2 progeny made a minor contribution to regenerated myofibers. Furthermore, Abcg2-labeled cells increased significantly upon injury and appeared to traffic to muscle from peripheral blood. Together, these data suggest an important role for Abcg2 in positively regulating skeletal muscle regeneration.
The Effect of Two Stubble Management Practices on Run-off Characteristics in Arable Black Earth Soils (1978)

An experiment to compare the practices of stubble burning and stubble incorporation for annual wheat production has been in operation at Gunnedah Research Centre for several years. The plots are 1 ha of self mulching black earth soil on 4-7% land slope. The data presented shows the effect on run-off of different types of rainfall, treatments, antecedent soil moisture and stages of crop and fallow. Treatment differences included delayed time of commencement, delayed time of peak, longer duration and reduced peak discharge rate for the stubble incorporated treatment. Stubble incorporation is shown to have benefits in reducing the peak rate of run-off under most situations and this is of benefit in soil conservation.
A Programmable Complex FIR Filter with Integrated MEMS Filter for Front-end Charge Sampling Receiver (2006)

Digitisation of signals at RF imposes severe noise and linearity constraints. Furthermore, the drive towards integration with deep submicron CMOS process aggravates the difficulties in high frequency mixed signal circuit design. This paper first summarises the challenges in system and circuit facing GHz IF complex sampling. It then proposes a charge sampling receiver architecture which combines MEMS filter and complex FIR sampling filter in order to achieve high IF digitization suitable for multi-standard cellular applications. The architecture is validated through system behavioural models emulating deep submicron MOS characteristics. It can be shown that with existing MEMS filter technology and advanced standard CMOS process, it is possible to realise a reconfigurable high IF SDR receiver. A circuit version of integrated MEMS filter and sampling filter in CMOS is in the works to validate the proposed system.
A Survey of Security in Software Defined Networks (2015)

The proposition of increased innovation in network applications and reduced cost for network operators has won over the networking world to the vision of software-defined networking (SDN). With the excitement of holistic visibility across the network and the ability to program network devices, developers have rushed to present a range of new SDN-compliant hardware, software, and services. However, amidst this frenzy of activity, one key element has only recently entered the debate: Network Security. In this paper, security in SDN is surveyed presenting both the research community and industry advances in this area. The challenges to securing the network from the persistent attacker are discussed, and the holistic approach to the security architecture that is required for SDN is described. Future research directions that will be key to providing network security in SDN are identified.
Interaction of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry1 and Vip3A Proteins with <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> Midgut Binding Sites (2009)

Vip3Aa, Vip3Af, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Fa were tested for their toxicities and binding interactions. Vip3A proteins were more toxic than Cry1 proteins. Binding assays showed independent specific binding sites for Cry1 and Vip3A proteins. Cry1Ab and Cry1Fa competed for the same binding sites, whereas Vip3Aa competed for those of Vip3Af.
Supportability evaluation prediction process (2003)

Methodology has been developed that allows identification of supportability design criteria and quantification of total field logistics support requirements. Interface with design engineers via computer-aided design (CAD) workstations is describe. Specific development efforts include: a maintenance discrepancy database that is used to provide cause and effect relationships; impact of associated maintenance tasks; automated like and similar analysis capabilities; and use of expended maintenance importance ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laser Driven Fusion (1973)

Laser-driven fusion, although requiring the use of an unusual source of pulsed energy, depends in its main features on well known and verified results of hydrodynamics and nuclear physics. Under optimized conditions these allow energy breakeven by the fusion process to occur under conditions which appear to be well within the range of present technology. Achieving the energy multiplication required for practical application is expected to be more difficult but not infeasible within short-range projections of the development of laser technology. The feasibility of laser-driven fusion power plants appears to rest more on pellet and laser ecomonics than on reactor technology. The study of these problems is underway and will certainly be greatly intensified as the prediction of the basic processes is experimentally confirmed.
Designing Fluorescent Sensors of Heparin (2007)

When the chloride's away…︁ A heparin sensor that increases in fluorescence intensity by 320 % upon heparin association has been designed by using a novel chloride-dependent mechanism. This increase is due to the displacement of the quenching chloride ions from the local environment of the halide-sensitive quinolinium fluorophore. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2007/z600361_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Development of Xe- and Sn-fueled high-power Z-pinch EUV source aiming at HVM (2006)

Discharge-produced plasma (DPP) based EUV source is being developed at Gotenba Branch of EUVA Hiratsuka R&D Center. Among the several kinds of discharge scheme, Z-pinch is employed in our source. An all-solid-state magnetic pulse compression (MPC) generator is used to create a Z-pinch plasma. Low inductance MPC generator is capable of producing a pulsed current with over 50 kA of peak amplitude and about 100 ns of pulse duration at 7 kHz of pulse repetition frequency. In order to obtain sufficient output radiation power, tin-containing gas is being used as well as xenon. Due to the high spectral efficiency of tin, demonstrated EUV output power reached 645 W/2πsr within 2% bandwidth around 13.5 nm. A novel scheme of fuel gas supply led to as good output energy stability as xenon can achieve. Using a nested grazing-incidence collector, EUV power at intermediate focus point which is defined as an interface to the exposure tool reached 42 W with 3.3 mm<sup>2</sup>sr of etendue.
Conjunctival hyperaemia with the use of latanoprost versus other prostaglandin analogues in patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials (2008)

According to available data, the use of latanoprost is associated with a lower incidence of conjunctival hyperaemia when compared with travoprost and bimatoprost in the treatment of patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma.
Bow-tie wobble artifact: Effect of source assembly motion on cone-beam CT (2011)

A geometric mismatch between the BTF modulation patterns on CBCT projections and on the NP causes the BWA. The BTF wobble requires additional degrees of freedom in CBCT geometric calibration to characterize.
Predictors of Clinical Remission in Cats with Diabetes Mellitus (2010)

Age, body weight, cholesterol, and glucose levels are suggested for prediction of remission or its duration in diabetic cats. Older cats developing diabetes may have a better outcome, possibly suggesting a slower disease progression.
Numerical simulation of heat storage for domestic applications. (2011)

The aim of this work is to perform a high-level numerical simulation platform for heat storage systems with or without phase change materials (PCM). The simulation allows to predict the thermal behavior of the
aforementioned systems and to carry out parametric studies in order to find the most appropriate geometry and materials for different operating conditions. The studied storage system here presented is composed by a cylindrical tank and a pipe tube inside the tank. The proposed methodology is based on the numerical simulation of the storage system by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics & Heat Transfer (CFD&HT) software, called TermoFluids, which is used in this work for solving the heat transfer in the fluid flow inside tank. In the case of fluid flow inside pipe, it is solved considering a quasi-homogenous fully-implicit one-dimensional (1D) model, where the governing equations are discretized along the whole tube domain.
AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on resistive Si(111) substrate grown by gas-source MBE (2002)

Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures have been grown on resistive Si(111) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using ammonia (NH3). The use of an AlN/GaN intermediate layer allows a resistive buffer layer to be obtained. High sheet carrier density and high electron mobility are obtained in the channel. A device with 0.5 μm gate length has been realised exhibiting a maximum extrinsic transconductance of 160 mS/mm and drain-source current exceeding 600 mA/mm. Small-signal measurements show ft of 17 GHz and fmax of 40 GHz.
Decolonisation of MRSA, S. aureus and E. coli by Cold-Atmospheric Plasma Using a Porcine Skin Model In Vitro (2012)

In the last twenty years new antibacterial agents approved by the U.S. FDA decreased whereas in parallel the resistance situation of multi-resistant bacteria increased. Thus, community and nosocomial acquired infections of resistant bacteria led to a decrease in the efficacy of standard therapy, prolonging treatment time and increasing healthcare costs. Therefore, the aim of this work was to demonstrate the applicability of cold atmospheric plasma for decolonisation of Gram-positive (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) using an ex vivo pig skin model. Freshly excised skin samples were taken from six month old female pigs (breed: Pietrain). After application of pure bacteria on the surface of the explants these were treated with cold atmospheric plasma for up to 15 min. Two different plasma devices were evaluated. A decolonisation efficacy of 3 log(10) steps was achieved already after 6 min of plasma treatment. Longer plasma treatment times achieved a killing rate of 5 log(10) steps independently from the applied bacteria strains. Histological evaluations of untreated and treated skin areas upon cold atmospheric plasma treatment within 24 h showed no morphological changes as well as no significant degree of necrosis or apoptosis determined by the TUNEL-assay indicating that the porcine skin is still vital. This study demonstrates for the first time that cold atmospheric plasma is able to very efficiently kill bacteria applied to an intact skin surface using an ex vivo porcine skin model. The results emphasize the potential of cold atmospheric plasma as a new possible treatment option for decolonisation of human skin from bacteria in patients in the future without harming the surrounding tissue.
The Social Cost of Cheap Pseudonyms (2001)

We consider the problems of societal norms for cooperation and reputation when it is possible to obtain cheap pseudonyms, something that is becoming quite common in a wide variety of interactions on the Internet. This introduces opportunities to misbehave without paying reputational consequences. A large degree of cooperation can still emerge, through a convention in which newcomers “pay their dues” by accepting poor treatment from players who have established positive reputations. One might hope for an open society where newcomers are treated well, but there is an inherent social cost in making the spread of reputations optional. We prove that no equilibrium can sustain significantly more cooperation than the dues‐paying equilibrium in a repeated random matching game with a large number of players in which players have finite lives and the ability to change their identities, and there is a small but nonvanishing probability of mistakes. Although one could remove the inefficiency of mistreating newcomers by disallowing anonymity, this is not practical or desirable in a wide variety of transactions. We discuss the use of entry fees, which permits newcomers to be trusted but excludes some players with low payoffs, thus introducing a different inefficiency. We also discuss the use of free but unreplaceable pseudonyms, and describe a mechanism that implements them using standard encryption techniques, which could be practically implemented in electronic transactions.
Chloroaluminate Equilibria in the Aluminum Chloride‐1‐Methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid (1986)

The stoichiometric equilibrium constant, , for the autosolvolysis reaction for the aluminum chloride‐1‐methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid was investigated as a function of temperature with a chloroaluminate concentration cell and aluminum electrodes. The values obtained at 40°, 50°, and 60°C for were , , and. The enthalpy change for the autosolvolysis reaction was found to be approximately 80 kJ · mol−1 over this temperature range. A curve fitting method for determining the initial composition of this ionic liquid during a titration is also described.