gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unusual interventional management in an adult with tetralogy of Fallot (2003)

A 53-year-old man with tetralogy of Fallot had been palliated with two classic Blalock-Taussig shunts. Cardiac catheterization in our center revealed acquired atresia of the pulmonary valve. We perforated and dilated the valve as a palliative procedure with a new system using radiofrequency energy.
Overview of Studies on Celery Late Blight Disease (2011)

Celery septoria blight,also called celery late blight,is a serious disease threatening celery production all over the world.It is reported that the yield losses caused by this disease can be as high as 50 %-90 %.This paper outlines the research progress made in pathogen features,disease symptoms and epidemiology,disease control measures and resistance identification,genetic rule and resistant breeding,etc.
Elevated Brain Concentrations of 1,4-Benzodiazepines in Fulminant Hepatic Failure (1991)

Brain concentrations of substances inhibiting the binding of [3H]flumazenil to its receptors are increased in some patients with hepatic encephalopathy due to fulminant hepatic failure. The origin of these substances is unknown, but these findings provide a rational basis for trials of benzodiazepine-receptor antagonists in the management of this disorder.
An analysis of forward pruning (1994)

Sever0,1 early game-playing computer programs used forward pruning (i.e., the practice of delib-erately ignoring nodes that are believed unlikely to affect a game tree’s minimax value), but this technique did not seem to result in good decision-making. The poor performance of forward prun-ing presents a major puzzle for AI research on game playing, because some version of forward pruning seems to be &quot;what people do, &quot; and the best chess-playing programs still do not play as well as the best humans. As a step toward deeper understanding of how for-ward pruning affects quality of play, in this paper we set up a model of forward pruning on two ab-stract classes of binary game trees, and we use this model to investigate how forward pruning affects the accuracy of the minimax values returned. The primary result of our study is that forward prun-ing does better when there is a high correlation among the minimax values of sibling nodes in a game tree. This result suggests that forward pruning may possibly be a useful decision-making technique in certain kinds of games. In particular, we believe that bridge may be such a game.
Multicopy single‐stranded DNA of <i>Escherichia coli</i> enhances mutation and recombination frequencies by titrating MutS protein (1996)

Multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) molecules consist of single-stranded DNA covalently linked to RNA. In Escherichia coli, such molecules are encoded by genetic elements called retrons. The DNA moieties of msDNAs have characteristic stem-loop structures, and most of these structures contain mismatched base pairs. Previously, we showed that retrons encoding msDNAs with mismatched base pairs are mutagenic when present in multicopy plasmids. In this study we show that such msDNAs, in a similar manner to genetic defects in mismatch repair, increase the frequency of interspecies recombination in matings between Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli. To demonstrate interference with mismatch repair by msDNA, we show that the addition of a plasmid containing the gene for MutS protein suppresses the mutagenic and recombinogenic effects of msDNAs. We also show that in mutS mutants, msDNA does not increase the frequency of either mutations or interspecies recombination. We conclude from these findings that the mutagenic and recombinogenic effects of msDNAs are due to titrating out MutS protein.
Binding of the Chaperone Jac1 Protein and Cysteine Desulfurase Nfs1 to the Iron-Sulfur Cluster Scaffold Isu Protein Is Mutually Exclusive (2013)

Biogenesis of mitochondrial iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster proteins requires the interaction of multiple proteins with the highly conserved 14-kDa scaffold protein Isu, on which clusters are built prior to their transfer to recipient proteins. For example, the assembly process requires the cysteine desulfurase Nfs1, which serves as the sulfur donor for cluster assembly. The transfer process requires Jac1, a J-protein Hsp70 cochaperone. We recently identified three residues on the surface of Jac1 that form a hydrophobic patch critical for interaction with Isu. The results of molecular modeling of the Isu1-Jac1 interaction, which was guided by these experimental data and structural/biophysical information available for bacterial homologs, predicted the importance of three hydrophobic residues forming a patch on the surface of Isu1 for interaction with Jac1. Using Isu variants having alterations in residues that form the hydrophobic patch on the surface of Isu, this prediction was experimentally validated by in vitro binding assays. In addition, Nfs1 was found to require the same hydrophobic residues of Isu for binding, as does Jac1, suggesting that Jac1 and Nfs1 binding is mutually exclusive. In support of this conclusion, Jac1 and Nfs1 compete for binding to Isu. Evolutionary analysis revealed that residues involved in these interactions are conserved and that they are critical residues for the biogenesis of Fe/S cluster protein in vivo. We propose that competition between Jac1 and Nfs1 for Isu binding plays an important role in transitioning the Fe/S cluster biogenesis machinery from the cluster assembly step to the Hsp70-mediated transfer of the Fe/S cluster to recipient proteins.
Automatic Discovery and Quantification of Information Leaks (2009)

Information-flow analysis is a powerful technique for reasoning about the sensitive information exposed by a program during its execution. We present the first automatic method for information-flow analysis that discovers what information is leaked and computes its comprehensive quantitative interpretation. The leaked information is characterized by an equivalence relation on secret artifacts, and is represented by a logical assertion over the corresponding program variables. Our measurement procedure computes the number of discovered equivalence classes and their sizes. This provides a basis for computing a set of quantitative properties, which includes all established information-theoretic measures in quantitative information-flow. Our method exploits an inherent connection between formal models of qualitative information-flow and program verification techniques. We provide an implementation of our method that builds upon existing tools for program verification and information-theoretic analysis. Our experimental evaluation indicates the practical applicability of the presented method.
Synthesis and anorectic activity of some 1-benzylcyclopropylamines (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and anorectic activity of some 1-benzylcyclopropylaminesCarl Kaiser, Charles A. Leonard, George C. Heil, Bruce M. Lester, David H. Tedeschi, and Charles L. ZirkleCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 5, 820–826Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00299a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00299a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxidative Damage and Alzheimer's Disease: Are Antioxidant Therapies Useful? (2005)

Oxidative stress is a key factor involved in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease, and it is well documented that free radical oxidative damage, particularly of neuronal lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and sugars, is extensive in brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. However, oxidative stress may elicit compensatory responses and downstream adaptations such as amyloid-beta deposition and neurofibrillary tangle formation, which may function as "shields" to ensure that neuronal cells do not succumb to oxidative injuries. Although during the past several years our understanding of the mechanisms leading to neuronal damage and death in the course of Alzheimer's disease has improved significantly, we have not found an effective therapeutic to fight this devastating disorder. However, the results obtained in clinical trials with antioxidants are promising and propel us in the search of new and more effective antioxidant therapies.
Ternary Systems of Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds. (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTernary Systems of Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds.A. W. FrancisCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1966, 11, 4, 557–562Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60031a025https://doi.org/10.1021/je60031a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy Options for Recurrent and/or Metastatic Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck (2013)

Recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) is a devastating malignancy with a poor prognosis. Treatment is limited to chemotherapeutic approaches. Cisplatin is an established and effective treatment for R/M HNSCC, and many studies have investigated cisplatin treatment in combination with other agents. Even when being treated with first line therapy (cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil + cetuximab), overall survival is only 10 months, indicating the need for novel chemotherapeutics and treatment regimens. Current research is focused on molecular targeting therapies inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, and vascular endothelial growth factor pathways. A variety of clinical trials have been completed and are currently underway with encouraging results. Finally, future directions of cisplatin-based R/M HNSCC treatment may include targeting specific pathways known to induce cisplatin resistance, such as nucleotide excision repair and inhibition of apoptosis, in hopes to enhance response to cisplatin therapy.
The Use of Fibre Optic Techniques for Temperature Measurement (1987)

The subject area of fibre optic sensing is one in which there has been shown a very rapid expansion of interest over the last few years. Many novel techniques are appearing in the literature and some products are available to the industrial user. The background to fibre optic means of temperature sensing and some recent developments will be reviewed in this paper.
Desenvolvimento de um programa computacional didatico para o projeto de colunas de absorcao (1998)

The gas absorption is a unit operation of chemical engineering based on the mass transference of a component from a gas phase stream to a liquid one. This operation is very simple and the difficulties to design an absorption tower are associated with mass and energy balances which must be calculated under the conditions of the operating system. Using DELPHI language and some equations found in literature a didactic software was developed in order to project isothermal and countercurrent packed absorption towers. The results are presented in numeric form and a graphics, and it is also possible to print them. Some examples taken from literature were used to test the program efficiency whose results presented a 5% error variation
SEMbySEM in action: Domain Name Registry Service through a semantic middleware (2010)

The use of sensor networks and embedding these sensory environments into the legacy systems increase the complexity and advances the level of existing integration and interoperability problems. Apart from handling the massive data produced by each component in that kind of systems, adding more heterogeneity to the already heterogeneous architectures creates a great deal on the management side of the overall system. The purpose of the SEMbySEM project is to provide an open and generic framework for the management of mixed systems, which are made of thousands of elementary software and hardware components, using semantic representations. SEMbySEM is a EUREKA ITEA2 project, which is currently under development. This paper introduces how SEMbySEM architecture is generic enough to enable administration and management of completely software based IT systems. As the use case, management of a Domain Name Registration system is chosen and how such a system can be realized by the SEMbySEM arhcitecture through a semantic middle-ware with several viewpoints is shown. Implementing a management and supervision system on the Domain Name Registry Service (DNS) through SEMbySEM puts the wheels in action and presents a good example of the applicability of the semantic middle-ware to an IT domain. The already running DNS services with the corresponding functions and data structures are considered as the Manageable Objects of the architecture. The systems are wrapped as Web Services and published to the use of the SEMbySEM core layer conforming to the Facade specifications. The core of the architecture includes the MicroConcept implementations of the corresponding structures of the DNS system. On top of the core layer, the visualization layer of the architecture provides several powerful viewpoints for each possible user, namely the administrator, the operator, and the customer of the DNS system. Each country has its own rules for registering a domain name and those rules are subject to change. Even, DNS registrars may need semantic integration with other DNS systems. The management of the system is done through the semantic rules and a powerful middle-ware.
Structure and stability of rare-earth and transition-metal oxides (2004)

The structural parameters of rare-earth oxides lanthania $({\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})$ and ytterbia (YbO), and of transition-metal oxides yttria $({\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})$ and lutetia $({\mathrm{Lu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}),$ candidate replacements of silica as gate insulators in nanometric Si electronics, are determined via ab initio calculations. The stability against formation of silica, silicides, and silicates for these oxides in contact with silicon is also investigated: we find stability against silica and silicide formation, but not against silicates.
Iconix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. – removing barriers to efficient drug discovery through chemogenomics (2004)

Iconix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is pioneering the new field of chemogenomics--the integration of chemistry and genomics to profile, optimize and monitor clinical candidates and drug treatment. Iconix's chemogenomic capabilities enable pharmaceutical companies to increase the odds of advancing the right compounds to the clinic and managing the development of those compounds in human testing, thus reducing attrition rates and the costs of drug discovery.
Towards application driven networking (2016)

In order to address the performance problems that many business applications are experiencing, network vendors and Network Service Providers are reconsidering the integration of some form of application awareness in the way their networks forward user traffic. Their ultimate goal is to devise new network service models that are dedicated and customized to applications. This trend is mainly enabled by the emergence of software-Defined networking (SDN), which allows for flexible flow-based forwarding. This paper proposes an SDN-based Application Driven Network (ADN) that deploys customized data paths on an application basis, that the ADN is able to adapt to meet the, potentially, varying Quality of Service (QoS) needs of applications. These needs are, either, explicitly expressed and submitted by the middleware or by an application agent, or inferred by the proposed ADN with DPI (Deep Packet Inspection) based traffic classification techniques. This paper presents the general architecture of our proposed ADN by describing its main components, their requirements as well as their main algorithms. The proposed ADN has been implemented, evaluated and applied to the OMG Data Distribution Service (DDS) based distributed applications in an enterprise network context.
Laparoscopic Surgery for Severe Ulcerative Colitis (2011)

Ulcerative colitis is occasionally exacerbated by fulminant manifestation of colitis. Severe ulcerative colitis is usually defined based on Trulove and Witts’ criteria (Table 1) (Truelove & Witts, 1955). The incidence of severe colitis in ulcerative colitis is 5 to 15 percent (Chen et al., 1998). If the patient is not improving despite intensive medical therapy, emergency colectomy is mandatory. In such a case, the patient is often malnourished and anemic, and has received high dose of steroids; therefore, the usual option in patients with severe ulcerative colitis is subtotal colectomy and ileostomy with preservation of the rectum (Gurland & Wexner, 2002). Restorative proctectomy can be done at a later time after the patient has recovered fully and steroids have been withdrawn (Fig. 1).
Tunable Plasticity in Amorphous Silicon Carbide Films (2013)

Plasticity plays a crucial role in the mechanical behavior of engineering materials. For instance, energy dissipation during plastic deformation is vital to the sufficient fracture resistance of engineering materials. Thus, the lack of plasticity in brittle hybrid organic-inorganic glasses (hybrid glasses) often results in a low fracture resistance and has been a significant challenge for their integration and applications. Here, we demonstrate that hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide films, a class of hybrid glasses, can exhibit a plasticity that is even tunable by controlling their molecular structure and thereby leads to an increased and adjustable fracture resistance in the films. We decouple the plasticity contribution from the fracture resistance of the films by estimating the "work-of-fracture" using a mean-field approach, which provides some insight into a potential connection between the onset of plasticity in the films and the well-known rigidity percolation threshold.
Efficacy of UVA-1 cold light as an adjuvant therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (2004)

UVA-1 therapy appears to be a useful adjuvant treatment modality for patients suffering from moderately active SLE. Its effect could possibly be explained by reduction of B-cell function or apoptosis of plasma cells.
Apamin as a selective blocker of the calcium-dependent potassium channel in neuroblastoma cells: voltage-clamp and biochemical characterization of the toxin receptor. (1982)

This paper describes the interaction of apamin, a bee venom neurotoxin, with the mouse neuroblastoma cell membrane. Voltage-clamp analyses have shown that apamin at low concentrations specifically blocks the Ca2+-dependent K+ channel in differentiated neuroblastoma cells. Binding experiments with highly radiolabeled toxin indicate that the dissociation constant of the apamin-receptor complex in differentiated neuroblastoma cells is 15-22 pM and the maximal binding capacity is 12 fmol/mg of protein. The receptor is destroyed by proteases, suggesting that it is a protein. The binding capacity of neuroblastoma cells for radiolabeled apamin dramatically increases during the transition from the nondifferentiated to the differentiated state. The number of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels appears to be at most 1/5th the number of fast Na+ channels in differentiated neuroblastoma. The binding of radiolabeled apamin to its receptor is antagonized by monovalent and divalent cations. Na+ inhibition of the binding of 125I-labeled apamin is of the competitive type (Kd(Na+) = 44 mM). Guanidinium and guanidinated compounds such as amiloride or neurotensin prevent binding of 125I-labeled apamin, the best antagonist being neurotensin.
Carbon-Doped Titanium Dioxide: Visible Light Photocatalysis and EPR Investigation (2007)

X-band EPR studies of a series of undoped and carbon-doped titania powders reveal the presence of a carbon-centered radical species. The concentration of spins is five to six orders of magnitude smaller than the total carbon content. Photoexcitation of the carbon-doped samples increases the corresponding EPR signal intensities both under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. After illumination, the original intensity is restored within a few hours. Samples with higher carbon radical concentration reveal higher photocatalytic activity in degradation of 4-chlorophenol under visible light irradiation.
NoTamper (2010)

Web applications rely heavily on client-side computation to examine and validate form inputs that are supplied by a user (e.g., "credit card expiration date must be valid"). This is typically done for two reasons: to reduce burden on the server and to avoid latencies in communicating with the server. However, when a server fails to replicate the validation performed on the client, it is potentially vulnerable to attack. In this paper, we present a novel approach for automatically detecting potential server-side vulnerabilities of this kind in existing (legacy) web applications through blackbox analysis. We discuss the design and implementation of NoTamper, a tool that realizes this approach. NoTamper has been employed to discover several previously unknown vulnerabilities in a number of open-source web applications and live web sites.