gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preventive Oral Treatment with Resveratrol Pro-prodrugs Drastically Reduce Colon Inflammation in Rodents (2010)

There is no pharmaceutical or definitive surgical cure for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The naturally occurring polyphenol resveratrol exerts anti-inflammatory properties. However, its rapid metabolism diminishes its effectiveness in the colon. The design of prodrugs to targeting active molecules to the colon provides an opportunity for therapy of IBDs. Herein we explore the efficacy of different resveratrol prodrugs and pro-prodrugs to ameliorate colon inflammation in the murine dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model. Mice fed with a very low dose (equivalent to 10 mg for a 70 kg-person) of either resveratrol-3-O-(6'-O-butanoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) or resveratrol-3-O-(6'-O-octanoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) did not develop colitis symptoms and improved 6-fold the disease activity index (DAI) compared to resveratrol. Our results indicate that these pro-prodrugs exerted a dual effect: (1) they prevented the rapid metabolism of resveratrol and delivered higher quantities of resveratrol to the colon and (2) they reduced mucosal barrier imbalance and prevented diarrhea, which consequently facilitated the action of the delivered resveratrol in the colon mucosa.
The 1971 Season at Stratford, Connecticut (1971)

Journal Article The 1971 Season at Stratford, Connecticut Get access Errol G. Hill Errol G. Hill Dartmouth College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shakespeare Quarterly, Volume 22, Issue 4, Autumn 1971, Pages 371–375, https://doi.org/10.2307/2868913 Published: 01 October 1971
Bone Toughness and Crack Propagation: An Experimental Study (2014)

Bone is a topic of great interest for researchers, such as biologists or engineers, both interested in understanding the structure- related properties of bone and how they are affected by aging, disease and therapies. In particular, a topic of common interest between medicine and engineering is the fracture behavior of bone. Indeed, a thorough understanding of the mechanical behavior of bone is helpful to predict the fracture risk, but it can also provide the basis for the design of de novo biomimetic materials. In this paper, we show the initial results of an experimental study of the mechanical behavior of bovine bone, with a special focus on fracture toughness. The latter is evaluated under tensile and bending loading, by following the ASTM adopted for metals. Finally, we perform microscopic observations to better understand the fracture behavior and correlate it with the microscopic structure.
In-Situ Thermoreversible Gelation of Block and Star Copolymers of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) of Varying Architectures (2001)

We report the development of a new gelation mechanism and a new family of polymers that self-assembles to form gels in a thermoreversible fashion. The polymers are block or star copolymers with a central hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segment (A) and temperature responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) terminal segments (B). Copolymers of various architectures, AB, A(B)2, A(B)4, and A(B)8, were synthesized to investigate the structures and properties relationship. At 5 °C, the viscosities of 20 wt % solutions were between 700 and 950 cP, and they could be easily injected through a 25 G needle. Upon warming to body temperature, A(B)2, A(B)4, and A(B)8 formed a strong associative network gel with aggregates of PNIPAAm segments acting as physical cross-links, whereas AB formed a weaker gel by micellar packing and entanglement. The values of elastic modulus, loss tangent, and yield strength were 1000−2500 Pa, 0.24−0.62, and 200−860 Pa, respectively. The gelation kinetic was fast; a typical gelation time for a solution of 5 mL in volume was less than a minute. No significant syneresis was observed after 2 months at 37 °C. DSC results indicated that the thermal behavior of material was completely reversible even after 30 heat-and-cool cycles. These materials are promising candidates for in-situ gelation applications such as injectable drug delivery, tissue engineering scaffolds, and anatomical barriers.
SocialWeaver (2013)

Understanding how people communicate with one another plays a very important role in many disciplines including social psychology, economics, marketing, and management science. This paper proposes and evaluates SocialWeaver, a sensing service running on smartphones that performs conversation clustering and builds conversation networks automatically. SocialWeaver uses a hybrid speaker classification scheme that exploits an adaptive histogram-based classifier to non-obtrusively bootstrap the in situ speaker model learning. The conversation clustering algorithm proposed is able to detect fine-grain conversation groups even if speakers are close together. Finally, to address energy constrain, a POMDP-based energy control scheme is incorporated.
Telomerization of acrylic acid with mercaptans: Part 2. Kinetics of the synthesis of star‐shaped macromolecules of acrylic acid (2001)

Abstract The telomerization of acrylic acid with a polyfunctional transfer agent initiated by 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile, was first investigated in an organic medium (THF) at 65 °C. Transfer constants ( C T ) for three mercaptans, ethylene glycol bisthioglycolate, trimethylolpropane tris(2‐mercaptoacetate) and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3‐mercaptopropionate) of about 6.1, 6.3 and 7.3, respectively, were determined. From these results, it followed that a well‐defined star poly(acrylic acid) could not be synthesized via telomerization of acrylic acid in THF. Nevertheless, the same study was performed with the tetrafunctional transfer agent in water/THF mixtures. This work emphasized that the nature of the solvent plays an important role in determining the transfer constant. Thus, the value of C T for the tetrafunctional transfer agent decreased from 7.3 in THF to 1, the ‘ideal’ case for telomerization (C T ≈ 1), for the mixture of solvents water/THF (80%, 20%, v/v). With this route, it seems that acrylic acid star‐shaped macromolecules could be synthesized via telomerization. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Neutrophil bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus adherent on biological surfaces. Surface-bound extracellular matrix proteins activate intracellular killing by oxygen-dependent and -independent mechanisms. (1990)

The activation patterns of surface adherent neutrophils are modulated via interaction of extracellular matrix proteins with neutrophil integrins. To evaluate neutrophil bactericidal activity, Staphylococcus aureus adherent to biological surfaces were incubated with neutrophils and serum, and the survival of surface bacteria was determined. When compared to albumin-coated surfaces, the bactericidal activity of neutrophils adherent to purified human extracellular matrix was markedly enhanced (mean survival: 34.2% +/- 9.0% of albumin, P less than 0.0001) despite similar efficient ingestion of extracellular bacteria. Enhancement of killing was observed when surfaces were coated with purified constituents of extracellular matrix, i.e., fibronectin, fibrinogen, laminin, vitronectin, or type IV collagen. In addition to matrix proteins, the tetrapeptide RGDS (the sequence recognized by integrins) crosslinked to surface bound albumin was also active (survival: 74.5% +/- 5.5% of albumin, P less than 0.02), and fibronectin-increased killing was inhibited by soluble RGDS. Chemiluminescence measurements and experiments with CGD neutrophils revealed that both oxygen-dependent and -independent bactericidal mechanisms are involved. In conclusion, matrix proteins enhance intracellular bactericidal activity of adherent neutrophils, presumably by integrin recognition of RGDS-containing ligands. These results indicate a role for extracellular matrix proteins in the enhancement of the host defense against pyogenic infections.
New Design Method for a Phase Plate in Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy (2014)

The performance of a super-resolution fluorescence depletion microscope system depends crucially on the precise alignment of the pump and erase beams with the axis of the focusing objective. Here, we propose a new design method for a two-color spiral phase plate with a single-layer structure (S2SPP), and we experimentally investigate the image properties given by the phase plate. In spite of its simple structure, the plate can provide a super-resolution image with a spatial resolution better than 70 nm. Beside eliminating alignment problems and yielding a compact setup, the simplicity of fabrication of the S2SPP makes our proposed method very suitable for commercial microscope systems.
Atom- and Step-Economical Preparation of Reduced Knoevenagel Adducts Using CO as a Deoxygenative Agent (2014)

A highly efficient one-step Rh-catalyzed preparation of reduced Knoevenagel adducts of various aldehydes and ketones with active methylene compounds has been developed. The protocol does not require an external hydrogen source and employs carbon monoxide as a deoxygenative agent. The use of malonic acid or cyanoacetamide enabled efficient formal deoxygenative addition of methyl acetate or acetonitrile to aldehydes. The developed methodology was applied to the synthesis of the precursors of biomedically important compounds.
Facile preparation of water soluble curcuminoids extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder by using steviol glucosides (2016)

Curcuminoids from rhizomes of Curcuma longa possess various biological activities. However, low aqueous solubility and consequent poor bioavailability of curcuminoids are major limitations to their use. In this study, curcuminoids extracted from turmeric powder using stevioside (Ste), rebaudioside A (RebA), or steviol glucosides (SG) were solubilized in water. The optimum extraction condition by Ste, RebA, or SG resulted in 11.3, 9.7, or 6.7mg/ml water soluble curcuminoids. Curcuminoids solubilized in water showed 80% stability at pH from 6.0 to 10.0 after 1week of storage at 25°C. The particle sizes of curcuminoids prepared with Ste, RebA, and SG were 110.8, 95.7, and 32.7nm, respectively. The water soluble turmeric extracts prepared with Ste, RebA, and SG showed the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (SC50) activities of 127.6, 105.4, and 109.8μg/ml, and the inhibition activities (IC50) against NS2B-NS3(pro) from dengue virus type IV of 14.1, 24.0 and 15.3μg/ml, respectively.
Piezochromic luminescence of amide and ester derivatives of tetraphenylpyrene—role of amide hydrogen bonds in sensitive piezochromic response (2011)

A series of amide and ester derivatives of 1,3,6,8-tetraphenylpyrene (TPPy) were prepared, and their solid-state luminescence, molecular packing, and piezochromic responses were studied in order to improve and refine the design concept of piezochromic luminescent materials based on the use of multiple hydrogen bonds and close packing of disk-shaped aromatic cores as competing factors in the control of molecular packing. The amide derivative of TPPy having hexyl side chains (1b) showed a sensitive luminescence response at a relatively low applied pressure, which was ascribed to the hydrogen bond-directed H-type columnar packing. Application of higher pressure induced considerable destruction of the hydrogen bond-directed structure, leading to the state where close packing was the overriding factor directing the molecular assembly and showed similar piezochromic response to that of the ester derivative. Based on the results, the role of the amide hydrogen bonds and the side chains was discussed in detail.
Connecting the dots in visual analysis (2009)

During visual analysis, users must often connect insights discovered at various points of time. This process is often called “connecting the dots.” When analysts interactively explore complex datasets over multiple sessions, they may uncover a large number of findings. As a result, it is often difficult for them to recall the past insights, views and concepts that are most relevant to their current line of inquiry. This challenge is even more difficult during collaborative analysis tasks where they need to find connections between their own discoveries and insights found by others. In this paper, we describe a context-based retrieval algorithm to identify notes, views and concepts from users' past analyses that are most relevant to a view or a note based on their line of inquiry. We then describe a related notes recommendation feature that surfaces the most relevant items to the user as they work based on this algorithm. We have implemented this recommendation feature in HARVEST, a web based visual analytic system. We evaluate the related notes recommendation feature of HARVEST through a case study and discuss the implications of our approach.
Validation of Ultrasensitive Mutant Huntingtin Detection in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid by Single Molecule Counting Immunoassay (2017)

This SMC assay is a robust and ultrasensitive method for the relative quantification of mHTT in human CSF.
A simple chemiluminescence-based method for rapid enumeration of<i>Listeria</i>spp. microcolonies (2001)

This method can be applied to the rapid detection and counting of Listeria spp. in raw milk.
Essential Role of the Glycosyltransferase Sxc/Ogt in Polycomb Repression (2009)

Polycomb group proteins are conserved transcriptional repressors that control animal and plant development. Here, we found that the Drosophila Polycomb group gene super sex combs (sxc) encodes Ogt, the highly conserved glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the addition of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to proteins in animals and plants. Genome-wide profiling in Drosophila revealed that GlcNAc-modified proteins are highly enriched at Polycomb response elements. Among different Polycomb group proteins, Polyhomeotic is glycosylated by Sxc/Ogt in vivo. sxc/Ogt-null mutants lacked O-linked GlcNAcylation and failed to maintain Polycomb transcriptional repression even though Polycomb group protein complexes were bound at their target sites. Polycomb repression appears to be a critical function of Sxc/Ogt in Drosophila and may be mediated by the glycosylation of Polyhomeotic.
T <sub>H</sub> 1 and T <sub>H</sub> 2 Cell Antigen Receptors in Experimental Leishmaniasis (1993)

The complexity and chronicity of parasitic infections have obscured the identification of biologically relevant antigens. Analysis of the T cell receptor repertoire used by mice infected with Leishmania major revealed the expansion of a restricted population of CD4+ cells. These cells expressed the V alpha 8-J alpha TA72, V beta 4 heterodimer in both progressive infection and protective immunity and across several major histocompatibility haplotypes. Thus, the same immunodominant parasite epitope drives the disparate outcomes of this infectious process, suggesting that candidate vaccine antigens selected by screening of immune individuals may be capable of exacerbating disease in genetically susceptible individuals.
Measurement of distal EMG signals using a wearable device for reading facial expressions (2010)

In this paper we present a quantitative analysis of electrode positions on the side of the face for facial expression recognition using facial bioelectrical signals. We show that distal electrode locations on areas of low facial mobility have a strong amplitude and are correlated to signals captured in the traditional positions on top of the facial muscles. We report on electrode position choice as well successful facial expression identification using computational methods. We also propose a wearable interface device that can detect facial bioelectrical signals distally in a continuous manner while being unobtrusive to the user. The proposed device can be worn on the side of the face and capture signals that are considered to be a mixture of facial electromyographic signals and other bioelectrical signals. Finally we show the design of an interface that can be comfortably worn by the user and makes facial expression recognition possible.
Speech recognition using demi-syllable neural prediction model (1990)

The Neural Prediction Model is the speech recognition model based on pattern prediction by multilayer perceptrons. Its effectiveness was confirmed by the speaker-independent digit recognition experiments. This paper presents an improvement in the model and its application to large vocabulary speech recognition, based on subword units. The improvement involves an introduction of backward prediction, which further improves the prediction accuracy of the original model with only forward prediction. In application of the model to speaker-dependent large vocabulary speech recognition, the demi-syllable unit is used as a subword recognition unit. Experimental results indicated a 95.2% recognition accuracy for a 5000 word test set and the effectiveness was confirmed for the proposed model improvement and the demi-syllable subword units.
Expression of human telomerase subunits and correlation with telomerase activity in urothelial cancer. (1998)

The activation of telomerase and stabilization of telomeres are thought to be required for cellular immortality and oncogenesis. Three major components of human telomerase--human telomerase RNA (hTERC), telomerase-associated protein (TEP1), and human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT)-have recently been identified. However, the roles played by these subunits in the regulation of telomerase activity are still unclear. In the present study, a total of 37 urothelial cancers, including one metastatic lesion, and adjacent normal tissues as well as cell lines derived from bladder cancers were examined for the expression of each telomerase subunit. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that more than 90% of urothelial cancers expressed hTERT mRNA, whereas less than 20% of normal adjacent tissues did. In contrast, hTERC and TEP1 mRNA were commonly expressed in both cancers and normal tissues. All of the three cell lines derived from bladder cancer expressed each of the telomerase subunits, whereas the two normal primary fibroblast cell lines expressed hTERC and TEP1 mRNA but not hTERT mRNA. Telomerase activity was examined using telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. All of the cancers examined exhibited telomerase activity, whereas only 2 of 12 normal tissues exhibited weak activity. There was a significant association of telomerase activity with hTERT mRNA expression but not with hTERC or TEP1 mRNA expression. These findings provide strong evidence that the expression of hTERT is a rate-limiting determinant of the enzymatic activity of human telomerase and that the up-regulation of hTERT expression may play a critical role in human carcinogenesis.
Fast motion estimation algorithm in H.264 (2006)

A new fast Motion Estimation algorithm in H.264 is proposed to significantly improve the time efficiency. The characteristic of video sequences that exists great deal spatial/temporal redundancy is utilized in the algorithm. It imported early-terminate strategy of predicting the spatial homogeneity and temporal stability and can reduce lots of computational quantity. Experiment results show that proposed algorithm can achieve a reduction of 70% ME time on average, with a small average PSNR loss of 1.1%, and approximately 3.95% bit rate increases compared with the original H.264 reference software JM84.
On the Bayesian Analysis of REG Data (1992)

Bayesian analysis may profitably be applied to anomalous data obtained in Random Event Generator and similar human/machine experi- ments, but only by proceeding from sensible prior probability estimates. Unreasonable estimates or strongly conflicting initial hypotheses can project the analysis into contradictory and misleading results. Depending upon the choice of prior and other factors, the results of Bayesian analysis range from confirmation of classical analysis to complete disagreement, and for this reason classical estimates seem more reliable for the interpretation of data of this class.
Wafer-Scale Production of Uniform InAs<sub><i>y</i></sub>P<sub>1–<i>y</i></sub> Nanowire Array on Silicon for Heterogeneous Integration (2013)

One-dimensional crystal growth allows the epitaxial integration of compound semiconductors on silicon (Si), as the large lattice-mismatch strain arising from heterointerfaces can be laterally relieved. Here, we report the direct heteroepitaxial growth of a mixed anion ternary InAsyP1-y nanowire array across an entire 2 in. Si wafer with unprecedented spatial, structural, and special uniformity across the entire 2 in. wafer and dramatic improvements in aspect ratio (>100) and area density (>5 × 10(8)/cm(2)). Heterojunction solar cells consisting of n-type InAsyP1-y (y = 0.75) and p-type Si achieve a conversion efficiency of 3.6% under air mass 1.5 illumination. This work demonstrates the potential for large-scale production of these nanowires for heterogeneous integration of optoelectronic devices.
Laser pumping of Ho-, Tm-, Er-doped garnet lasers at room temperature (1988)

Laser pumping of Ho-, Tm-, and Er-doped garnets at room temperature is reviewed. Laser pumping of Tm (1860 nm), Ho (2090 nm), Er (1650 nm, 2710 nm) is possible with argon ion, krypton ion, and dye lasers. In Tm,Ho:YAG, efficient CW laser oscillation at 300 K is achieved under diode laser pumping. Er and Tm garnets might be pumped with diode lasers too. The highest slope efficiency of 41% is observed in Cr,Tm,Ho:YSGG under krypton laser pumping, demonstrating the efficient downconversion in this material. Red pump light is converted to the infrared spectral region at a quantum efficiency of nearly 2.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gas and Vapor Sorption and Permeation in Poly(2,2,4-trifluoro-5-trifluoromethoxy-1,3-dioxole-<i>c</i><i>o</i>-tetrafluoroethylene) (2004)

The solubilities of N2, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and C3F8 and permeabilities of N2, O2, CO2, CH4, C2H6, and C3H8 were determined in a glassy, amorphous fluoropolymer prepared from 80 mol % 2,2,4-trifluoro-5-trifluoromethoxy-1,3-dioxole (TTD) and 20 mol % tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), commercially known as Hyflon AD 80. This polymer exhibits lower increases in hydrocarbon gas and vapor solubility with increasing penetrant critical temperature than conventional hydrocarbon polymers. On the basis of a best fit of the natural logarithm of solubility vs critical temperature, Hyflon AD 80 should have much lower solubility for high molar mass hydrocarbon compounds (e.g., n-decane) than conventional hydrocarbon polymers. Pure gas CO2/CH4 separation properties of this polymer are comparable with those of some hydrocarbon polymers considered for natural gas purification. When exposed to a feed stream containing a mixture of CO2 and CH4, the polymer exhibits a CO2 permeability of approximately 250 barrers and a CO2/CH4 mixed-gas selectivity of 10.6 at 1.6 atm CO2 partial pressure. The mixed gas selectivity decreases minimally as CO2 partial pressure increases to 10.6 atm. The mixed gas selectivity is also maintained when moderate amounts of toluene and n-hexane are present in the CO2−CH4 feed stream. Diffusion coefficients, calculated from pure gas permeability and solubility coefficients, suggest membrane plasticization at higher pressures of CO2 and C2H6. The polymer also exhibits reversible hysteresis in C3H8 permeability with pressure.