gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determining ionizing radiation using sensors based on organic semiconducting material (2009)

The use of organic semiconducting material sensors as total dose radiation detectors is proposed, wherein the change in conductivity of an organic material is measured as a function of ionizing radiation dose. The simplest sensor is a resistor made using organic semiconductor. Furthermore, for achieving higher sensitivity, organic field effect transistor (OFET) is used as a sensor. A solution processed organic semiconductor resistor and an OFET were fabricated using poly 3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), a p-type organic semiconductor material. The devices are exposed to Cobalt-60 radiation for different total dose values. The changes in electrical characteristics indicate the potential of these devices as radiation sensors.
Excavation of a kerbed funerary monument at Stoneyfield, Raigmore, Inverness, Highland, 1972–3 (1997)

Rescue excavation at Stoneyfield was undertaken on behalf of the then Ministry of Public Buildings and Works (Scotland) in 1972–3. The results suggest that this multi-period monument can be divided broadly into three major phases of construction. In Phase 1 a series of pits were dug in the early third millennium BC, one containing Grooved Ware and a second a cup-marked stone. In Phase 2 further pits were dug, again some with Grooved Ware. Two of these antedated a central rectangular post setting, but the recovery of sherds, similar to those from the pits, suggest the structure belongs to the same general period. To this phase also belongs the construction of a massive kerb of graded stones, the tallest to the south-west enclosing a platform cairn in the Clava tradition. Finally, Phase 3 involved the construction of a series of cists, one with a Food Vessel, and the digging of a pit through the platform cairn containing a cremation beneath an inverted Cordoned Urn. There was also evidence of Iron Age and early medieval activity on the site.
Partially occluded vehicle recognition and tracking in 3D (2013)

Vehicle detection is a key problem in computer vision, with applications in driver assistance and active safety. A challenging aspect of the problem is the common occlusion of vehicles in the scene. In this paper, we present a vision-based system for vehicle localization and tracking for detecting partially visible vehicles. Consequently, vehicles are localized more reliably and tracked for longer periods of time. The proposed system detects vehicles using an active-learning based monocular vision approach and motion (optical flow) cues. A calibrated stereo rig is utilized to acquire a depth map, and consequently the real-world coordinates of each detected vehicle. Tracking is performed using a Kalman filter. The tracking is formulated to integrate stereo-monocular information. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system on a multilane highway dataset containing instances of vehicles with relative motion to the ego-vehicle.
Understanding video pixel processing applications for flexible implementations (2003)

Media processing system-on-chips (SoCs) mainly consist of audio encoding/decoding (e.g. AC-3, MP3), video encoding/decoding (e.g. H263, MPEG-2) and video pixel processing functions (e.g. de-interlacing, noise reduction). Video pixel processing functions have very high computational demands, as they require a large amount of computations on large amount of data (note that the data are pixels of completely decoded pictures). In this paper, we focus on video pixel processing functions. Usually, these functions are implemented in dedicated hardware. However, flexibility (by means of programmability or reconfigurability) is needed to introduce the latest innovative algorithms, to allow differentiation of products, and to allow bug fixing after fabricating chips. It is impossible to fulfill the computational requirements of these functions by current programmable media processors. To achieve efficient implementations for flexible solutions, we will study, in this paper, the application characteristics of some representative video pixel processing functions. The characteristics considered are granularity of operations, amount and kind of data accesses and degree of parallelism present in these functions. We observe that from computational granularity point of view many functions can be expressed in terms of kernels e.g. Median3 (i.e. median of three values), finite impulse response (FIR) filters, table lookups (LUT) etc. that are coarser grain than ALU, Mult, MAC, etc. Regarding the kind of data accesses, we categorize these functions as regular, regular with some data rearrangement and irregular data access patterns. Furthermore, the degree of parallelism present in these functions is expressed in terms of data level parallelism (DLP) and instruction/operation level parallelism (ILP). We show with an example that these properties can be exploited to make specialized programmable processors.
<i>IRAK4</i> and <i>NEMO</i> mutations in otherwise healthy children with recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease (2006)

Otherwise healthy children with recurrent IPD should be explored for underlying primary immunodeficiencies affecting the IRAK4-dependent and NEMO-dependent signalling pathways.
N,N'-CARBONYLDIIMIDAZOLE, A NEW REAGENT FOR PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN,N'-CARBONYLDIIMIDAZOLE, A NEW REAGENT FOR PEPTIDE SYNTHESISGeorge W. Anderson and Rolf PaulCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 16, 4423Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01549a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01549a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1438Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydronephrosis and Urine Retention in Estrogen-Implanted Athymic Nude Mice (2009)

Subcutaneous estrogen pellet implantation is commonly practiced to induce tumor promotion in nude (Nu-FOXn1(nu)) mice for xenograft tumor modeling. Twelve of 23, 18-week-old nude mice developed dysuria after estrogen pellet implantation. Physical examination revealed variably distended abdomens with palpable distended bladders. All mice were euthanatized and postmortem examinations were made. Blood samples of the mice were collected, and serum estrogen concentration was measured. Postmortem examination revealed variable dilation of the urinary bladder and unilateral or bilateral dilations of ureters and kidneys. Microscopically, 12 of 23 mice and 13 of 23 mice showed dilated urinary bladder and hydronephrosis, respectively.
Epitaxial growth of silicon carbide layers by sublimation „sandwich method” (I) growth kinetics in vacuum (1979)

Abstract The growth kinetics of SiC epitaxial layers has been investigated by sublimation sandwich‐method in vacuum at temperature range from 1600 to 2100°C. The limiting stages of the crystallization process have been determined. Silicon deficit in the growth cell was shown to result in the great retarding of SiC epitaxial layers growth due to the decreasing of evaporation coefficient by a factor of 10 1 –10 2 and more. The impurities introduced into the system at low supersaturations and temperatures, especially rare‐earth elements, Al, B, Cr reduce as a rule evaporation and condensation coefficients and therefore the growth rate of epitaxial layers.
Calcineurin-mediated protein dephosphorylation in brain nerve terminals regulates the release of glutamate. (1994)

In response to Ca2+ entry, several prominent brain nerve terminal phosphoproteins undergo dephosphorylation, but the relation between dephosphorylation and neurotransmitter release is unknown. Using the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A (CsA) and L-683,590 (FK-520) to inhibit specifically the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin, we demonstrate here that Ca(2+)-dependent dephosphorylation in isolated rat brain nerve terminals (synaptosomes) is mediated by calcineurin. Pretreatment with micromolar CsA resulted in a 76-95% inhibition of stimulation-induced decreases in 32P-labeled dynamin (previously referred to as dephosphin), a phosphoprotein of M(r) = 145,000 (145-kDa protein), and a phosphoprotein of M(r) = 170,000 (170-kDa protein). Pretreatment with FK-520 also inhibited Ca(2+)-dependent dephosphorylation. Using hypotonic lysates of 32P-labeled synaptosomes, the addition of Ca2+ plus calmodulin, but not either agent alone, induced dynamin dephosphorylation. CsA and FK-520 had little to no effect on the release of glutamate induced by either K(+)-depolarization or the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. In contrast, calcineurin inhibition led to a substantial enhancement of glutamate release evoked by the K(+)-channel blocker 4-aminopyridine, an agent whose action most closely mimics physiological stimulation. Calcineurin inhibition had no effect on stimulation-induced changes in synaptosomal Ca2+ levels. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that Ca(2+)-dependent protein dephosphorylation resulting from calcineurin activation during physiological stimulation limits neurotransmitter release from brain nerve terminals, perhaps being dependent upon cyclic repolarization of the membrane during stimulation.
Technology status review - monitoring technologies for the geological storage of CO{sub 2} (2005)

This report is a technology status review of the range of techniques that are currently available, and could become available in the near future, to monitor the performance of geological storage sites. The report comprises six chapters. Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of the concepts behind carbon capture and storage and some of the barriers that will have to be overcome to achieve wide-scale implementation. Chapter 2 reviews the existing background regulatory framework that CCS will have to operate within, the possible nature of a licensing regime and some of the likely issues such regulation will have to address, providing the context for monitoring technologies and their application. Chapter 3 reviews currently available monitoring technologies, focussing primarily on offshore methods but making reference to previous reports that have reviewed onshore technologies. Chapter 4 provides case studies of monitoring programmes applied specifically to CO{sub 2} storage. Chapter 5 gives an overview of the technologies available in the UK and identifies future R & D needs. Chapter 6 gives some conclusions and recommendations of the appropriateness, timing and need of monitoring techniques for CCS and identifies future required developments. A bibliography and appendix of companies contacted during the course of this study are also included. 78 refs., 58 figs., 9 tabs., 1 app.
Mixed Wire and Surface-wave Communication Fabrics for Decentralized On-Chip Multicasting (2015)

Network-on-chip (NoC) has emerged to tackle different on-chip challenges and has satisfied different demands in terms of high performance, economical and reliable interconnect implementation. However, a merely metal-based interconnect reaches performance bound with the relentless technology scaling. Especially, it displayed a bottleneck to meet the communication bandwidth demand for multicasting. This paper proposes a novel hybrid architecture, which improves the on-chip communication bandwidth significantly using mixed wires and surface wave interconnects (SWI) fabrics. In particular, the bandwidth of multicasting can be drastically improved. We introduce a decentralized arbitration method to fully utilize the slack-time scheduling with deadlock-free flow control. Evaluation results, based on a cycle-accurate and hardware-based simulation, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and methods. Compared to a wire-based NoC, the mixed fabric approach can achieve an improvement in power reduction and communication speed up to 63% and 12X, respectively. These results are achieved with almost negligible hardware overheads. This new paradigm efficiently addresses the emerged challenges for on-chip communications.
Windows to the Ward: Graphically Oriented Report Forms. Presentation of Complex, Interrelated Laboratory Data for Electrophoresis/Immunofixation, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Urinary Protein Profiles (2003)

Increased clinical demand for graphically oriented report forms 5 years after their introduction has provided evidence that these reports transfer complex laboratory data and results to the clinician more effectively. The highest (more than threefold) increase in demand has been for reports for urinary marker protein profiles that feature a largely self-explanatory graphic signature pattern.
Trace element analysis of natural water samples by neutron activation analysis with chelating resin (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrace element analysis of natural water samples by neutron activation analysis with chelating resinR. R. Greenberg and H. M. KingstonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 7, 1160–1165Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00258a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00258a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views318Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plasticity and stability in neuronal output <i>via</i> changes in intrinsic excitability: it's what's inside that counts (2006)

The nervous system faces an extremely difficult task. It must be flexible, both during development and in adult life, so that it can respond to a variety of environmental demands and produce adaptive behavior. At the same time the nervous system must be stable, so that the neural circuits that produce behavior function throughout the lifetime of the animal and that changes produced by learning endure. We are only beginning to understand how neural networks strike a balance between altering individual neurons in the name of plasticity, while maintaining long-term stability in neural system function. The balance of this plasticity and stability in neural networks undoubtedly plays a critical role in the normal functioning of the nervous system. While mechanisms of synaptic plasticity have garnered extensive study over the past three decades, it is only recently that more attention has been turned to plasticity of intrinsic excitability as a key player in neural network function. This review will focus on this emerging area of research that undoubtedly will contribute a great deal to our understanding of the functionality of the nervous system.
Mixed-cation oxide powders via polymeric precursors (1989)

Revue des developpements recents dans le domaine de la preparation des poudres ceramiques d'oxydes mixtes a partir de polymeres precurseurs
Lipoprotein PsaA in Virulence of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>: Surface Accessibility and Role in Protection from Superoxide (2004)

PsaA of Streptococcus pneumoniae, originally believed to be an adhesin, is the lipoprotein component of an Mn2+ transporter. Mutations in psaA cause deficiencies in growth, virulence, adherence, and the oxidative stress response. Immunofluorescence microscopy shows that PsaA is hidden beneath the cell wall and the polysaccharide capsule and only exposed to antibodies upon cell wall removal. A psaBC deletion mutant, expressing PsaA normally, was as deficient in adherence to Detroit 562 cells as were strains lacking PsaA. Thus, PsaA does not appear to act directly as an adhesin, but rather, psaA mutations indirectly affect this process through the disruption of Mn2+ transport. The deficiency in Mn2+ transport also causes hypersensitivity to oxidative stress from H2O2 and superoxide. In a chemically defined medium, growth of the wild-type strain was possible in the absence of Fe2+ and Mn2+ cations after a lag of about 15 h. Addition of Mn2+ alone or together with Fe2+ allowed prompt and rapid growth. In the absence of Mn2+, the addition of Fe2+ alone extended the 15-h lag phase to 25 h. Thus, while Fe2+ adversely affects the transition from lag phase to log phase, perhaps through increasing oxidative stress, this effect is relieved by the presence of Mn2+. A scavenger specific for superoxides but not those specific for hydroxyl radicals or H2O2 was able to eliminate the inhibition of growth caused by iron supplementation in the absence of Mn2+. This implies that superoxides are a key player in oxidative stress generated in the presence of iron.
Usual dietary isoflavone intake and body composition in postmenopausal women (2003)

This study suggests that usual dietary isoflavone intake is associated with reduced total body fat and may consequently have a role in the prevention of chronic disease.
Expanding the scope of fused pyrimidines as kinase inhibitor scaffolds: synthesis and modification of pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines (2014)

Fused pyrimidine cores are privileged kinase scaffolds, yet few examples of the 2-amino-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine chemotype have been disclosed in the context of kinase inhibitor programs. Furthermore, no general synthetic route has been reported to access 2-amino-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives. Here we report a versatile and efficient chemical approach to this class of molecules. Our strategy involves the concise preparation of 8-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine intermediates and their efficient derivatisation to give novel compounds with potential as kinase inhibitors.
Signs of Inflammation After Sciatic Nerve Block in Pigs (2005)

Nerve stimulators are widely used to assist with peripheral nerve blocks but do not eliminate the risk of nerve injury. We evaluated the histologic findings 6 h after sciatic nerve block with bupivacaine in pigs. When a motor response was still obtained with a current <0.2 mA (n = 10), the postmortem microscopic evaluation revealed lymphocytes and granulocytes sub-, peri-, and intraneurally in 5 (50%) of 10 pigs. No signs of inflammation were observed when the muscle contraction was achieved with a current between 0.3 and 0.5 mA (P = 0.03). In conclusion, the current required to elicit a motor response, the position of the needle tip, and the subsequent likelihood of nerve damage merit further evaluation.
Genetics of Hybrid Incompatibility Between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. hirsutum (2004)

We examined the genetics of hybrid incompatibility between two closely related diploid hermaphroditic plant species. Using a set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) representing 85% of the genome of the wild species Lycopersicon hirsutum (Solanum habrochaites) in the genetic background of the cultivated tomato L. esculentum (S. lycopersicum), we found that hybrid pollen and seed infertility are each based on 5-11 QTL that individually reduce hybrid fitness by 36-90%. Seed infertility QTL act additively or recessively, consistent with findings in other systems where incompatibility loci have largely been recessive. Genetic lengths of introgressed chromosomal segments explain little of the variation for hybrid incompatibility among NILs, arguing against an infinitesimal model of hybrid incompatibility and reinforcing our inference of a limited number of discrete incompatibility factors between these species. In addition, male (pollen) and other (seed) incompatibility factors are roughly comparable in number. The latter two findings contrast strongly with data from Drosophila where hybrid incompatibility can be highly polygenic and complex, and male sterility evolves substantially faster than female sterility or hybrid inviability. The observed differences between Lycopersicon and Drosophila might be due to differences in sex determination system, reproductive and mating biology, and/or the prevalence of sexual interactions such as sexual selection.
Erasure Codes for Storage Systems: A Brief Primer. (2013)

Storage systems have grown to the point where failures are inevitable, and those who design systems must plan ahead so that precious data is not lost when failures occur. The core technology for protecting data from failures is erasure coding, which has a rich 50+ year history stemming communication systems, and as such, can be confusing to the storage systems community. In this article, I present a primer on erasure coding as it applies to storage systems, and I summarize some recent research on erasure coding.
Optimal Sequence Control of Automatic Pouring System in Press Casting Process by using Greensand Mold (2006)

In the present paper, the optimal sequence control to the tilting-ladle type automatic pouring system in the press casting process is proposed. At first, dynamics of the pouring process is modeled by using mass balance and Bernoulli's theorem. By using the model, a conventional sequence control in the automatic pouring system is analyzed. Then, in order to suppress the splash of molten metal during the pouring motion, the pouring pattern which has two steps flow rate is used to reference pouring pattern. In order to perform the pouring motion at short times and reduce the error between reference flow rate and real one, the sequence control parameters are then optimized. The effectiveness of the present system is demonstrated through simulations and experiments by real plant
Tree Pollen Allergy (1984)

In a multi-centre study, comprising 16 clinics, 871 adult hay fever patients were studied. Most patients included had springtime hay fever. Skin prick tests were performed with 20 different tree or bush pollen (lignoses) allergens. RAST determinations were done with eight different tree pollen allergens in 590 patients. Birch pollen (BP) allergen gave the highest frequency of positive test results. The test results with the various tree pollen allergens in patients with BP allergy were compared with those in patients without BP allergy. With all the allergens a significantly higher frequency of positive test results was found in those with BP allergy than in those without. Only very small differences were noted between various parts of the country, and sensitization against various tree pollens was common even in regions where the corresponding trees do not grow. It was concluded that a high degree of cross-sensitization exists among tree pollens, and testing with BP allergen is sufficient for the diagnostic screening of tree pollen allergy.