gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
9-cis Retinoic acid inhibits cumulus cell apoptosis during the maturation of bovine cumulus-oocyte-complexes1 (2011)

Cumulus cell (CC) apoptosis is inversely correlated with embryonic development in vitro. Therefore, inhibition of CC apoptosis is important for proper embryonic development and quality. Retinoic acids (all-transRA and 9-cisRA) are natural components of retinoids, and 9-cisRA is the physiologically active metabolite of retinoic acid in vitro. During in vitro maturation, 9-cisRA enhances oocyte competence through multiple mechanisms affecting the oocyte and preimplantation embryo; however, the effect of 9-cisRA on CC apoptosis has yet to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 9-cisRA on CC apoptosis and to identify the molecular mechanism underlying that effect. Bovine slaughterhouse cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were matured in vitro in the absence or presence of 5 nM 9-cisRA. Cumulus cells were collected from immature and matured COC for the detection of apoptosis and gene expression analysis. Results showed that 9-cisRA reduced the number of apoptotic CC by about 2.7 fold (P < 0.023), compared with control. However, apoptosis is rare in CC of immature COC (0.01% ± 0.001). Transcripts involved in the caspase cascade were down-regulated upon exposure to 9-cisRA, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, 11.1 fold, P < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 (TNFR1, 2.3 fold, P < 0.01), caspase 9 (CASP9, 2.0 fold, P < 0.031), caspase 8 (CASP8, 2.2 fold, P < 0.012), and caspase 3 (CASP3, 2.1 fold, P < 0.006), while antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) transcript was increased (3.1 fold, P < 0.004), compared with control. In addition, 9-cisRA inhibited mitogen activated protein kinase mRNA expression in CC, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1, 2.7 fold, P < 0.02; ERK2, 2.7 fold, P < 0.03), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK, 1.6 fold, P < 0.044), as well as the activator protein-1 (AP1) family members c-jun (1.6 fold, P < 0.041) and c-fos (2.0 fold, P < 0.06). The transcript abundances of TNF-α, TNFR1, CASP9, CASP8, CASP3, ERK1, ERK1, JNK, and BCL2 were increased, while c-fos and c-jun mRNA expression was decreased in the matured CC. On the basis of the data, we suggest that 9-cisRA inhibits CC apoptosis during in vitro maturation of bovine COC.
Studies on the Biosynthesis of the Erythromycins. I. Isolation and Structure of an Intermediate Glycoside, 3-α-L-Mycarosylerythronolide B<sup>*</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the Biosynthesis of the Erythromycins. I. Isolation and Structure of an Intermediate Glycoside, 3-α-L-Mycarosylerythronolide B*Jerry R. Martin, Thomas J. Perun, and Roland L. GirolamiCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 9, 2852–2856Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00873a011https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00873a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamic reorganization of the astrocyte actin cytoskeleton elicited by cAMP and PACAP: a role for phosphatidylInositol 3‐kinase inhibition (2005)

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)-raising agents induce astrocytes grown in vitro to adopt a stellate morphology resembling their in vivo appearance, through the depolymerization of actomyosin stress fibres. The signalling pathways responsible for cAMP-induced astrocyte stellation have thus far remained largely elusive. We showed in this study that the neurotrophic peptide PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) mimicked the effect of forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, on the actin cytoskeleton of primary rat astrocytes. The depolymerization of stress fibres induced by PACAP or forskolin was prevented by the expression of a constitutively active mutant of RhoA, but not by a protein kinase A (PKA) blocker, indicating that cAMP-raising agents act upstream of RhoA, in a PKA-independent manner. In addition, PACAP and forskolin inhibited basal Akt phosphorylation, and basal and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) activities. Incubation with a PI 3-K blocker resulted in the depolymerization of stress fibres. This effect was blocked by the expression of a constitutively active mutant of RhoA, indicating that PI 3-K inhibition acted upstream of RhoA. Together, these data demonstrate for the first time that depolymerization of stress fibres, and the resulting astrocyte stellation, induced by stimulation of cAMP production involves the inhibition of the PI 3-K-RhoA pathway.
Repeated Family of Genes Controlling Maltose Fermentation in<i>Saccharomyces carlsbergensis</i> (1983)

Maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces spp. requires the presence of any one of five unlinked genes: MAL1, MAL2, MAL3, MAL4, or MAL6. Although the genes are functionally equivalent, their natures and relationships to each other are not known. At least three proteins are necessary for maltose fermentation: maltase, maltose permease, and a regulatory protein. The MAL genes may code for one or more of these proteins. Recently a DNA fragment containing a maltase structural gene has been cloned from a MAL6 strain, CB11, to produce plasmid pMAL9-26. We have conducted genetic and physical analyses of strain CB11. The genetic analysis has demonstrated the presence of two cryptic MAL genes in CB11, MAL1g and MAL3g (linked to MAL1 and to MAL3, respectively), in addition to the MAL6 locus. The physical analysis, which used a subclone of plasmid pMAL9-26 as a probe, detected three HindIII genomic fragments with homology to the probe. Each fragment was shown to be linked to one of the MAL loci genetically demonstrated to be present in CB11. Our results indicate that the cloned maltase structural gene in plasmid pMAL9-26 is linked to MAL6. Since the MAL6 locus has previously been shown to contain a regulatory gene, the MAL6 locus must be a complex locus containing at least two of the factors needed for maltose fermentation: the structural gene for maltase and the maltase regulatory protein. The absence of other fragments which hybridize to the MAL6-derived probe shows that either MAL2 and MAL4 are not related to MAL6, or the DNA corresponding to these genes is absent from the MAL6 strain CB11.
Viscoelastic, mechanical, and dielectric measurements on complex samples with the quartz crystal microbalance (2008)

Piezoelectric resonators have been in use as mass-sensing devices for almost half a century. More recently it was recognized that shifts in frequency and bandwidth can come about by a diverse variety of interactions with the sample. The classical "load" consists of a thin film, which shifts the resonance frequency due to its inertia. Other types of loading include semi-infinite viscoelastic media, rough objects contacting the crystal via isolated asperities, mechanically nonlinear contacts, and dielectric films. All these interactions can be analyzed within the small-load approximation. The small-load approximation provides a unified frame for interpretation and thereby opens the way to new applications of the QCM.
Structural organization of the bovine cathelicidin gene family and identification of a novel member<sup>1</sup> (1997)

Cathelicidins are a group of myeloid antimicrobial peptide precursors found in a variety of mammalian species. Transcripts of this family show a highly conserved 5' region corresponding to the 5' untranslated region, signal peptide and propiece, and diverse 3' regions encoding structurally varied C-terminal sequences that correspond to mature antimicrobial peptides after proteolytic release from the precursors. To establish the size of the bovine gene family encoding these proteins, lambda genomic clones were isolated by screening a bovine library with a probe based on the conserved cDNA region of bovine members. Restriction mapping, hybridization studies and sequence analysis identified 11 distinct genes that based on the intergenic distances of contiguous genes appear to be in close physical proximity. Among these, a novel gene encoding the precursor of a putative alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide was recognized and sequenced. The novel gene appears to be expressed in bovine bone marrow myeloid cells, spleen and testis.
Electric suspenders: a fabric power bus and data network for wearable digital devices (2003)

One goal of wearable computing is to create digital devices that are as easy to don and as comfortable to wear as common articles of clothing such as blouses, pants, and belts. New forms of woven materials such as conductive webbings, which incorporate durable electrical conductors directly into the matrix of the weave, offer exciting possibilities for closely integrating digital electronics with conventional clothing. However, many practical obstacles hinder the adoption of these materials, not the least being a lack of reliable electrical connectors for the interconnection of conventional electronics with conductive fabrics. We present a simple and workable design for just such connectors and demonstrate how a commonplace article of clothing-suspenders-can be transformed into an effective power bus and data network for wearable digital devices. Both the power bus and the data network are described in detail, including the mechanics of attachment and an outline of the network protocols. The techniques illustrated can be readily applied to other articles of clothing and accessories.
Premonoidal categories and notions of computation (1997)

We introduce the notions of premonoidal category and premonoidal functor, and show how these can be used in the denotational semantics of programming languages. We characterize the semantic definitions of Eugenio Moggi's monads as notions of computation, exhibit a representation theorem for our premonoidal setting in terms of monads, and give a fibrational setting for the structure.
The Boost C++ Libraries (2011)

The Boost C++ Libraries introduces 38 general purpose Boost libraries. They should be of great use for many C++ developers - no matter what industry they work in and no matter what software they create. The most important goal of the book is to increase your efficiency as a C++ developer. You will learn how to use Boost libraries to write less code with fewer bugs and finish projects faster. And you will see how Boost libraries help you write more concise code which is more easily maintained and more easily understood by others. Just as much as The Boost C++ Libraries focuses on increasing your efficiency, the author tried hard to introduce the libraries as efficiently as possible. You should learn about the Boost libraries easily and fast. Ideally you should be able to read the book in one or two days. You should be able to understand every Boost library immediately without having to read chapters a second time. Even if you have no experience with any of the 38 Boost libraries, you should be able to decide which ones to use when and know how to use them once you have read the book. You may want to look up chapters from time to time to recall details. The book is not a reference though. It does not replace but complement the official documentation of the Boost libraries. The book comes with over 250 examples which often consist of only a few lines of code. The examples are short but complete - they can be built and run. The idea is to help you quickly understand what classes and functions Boost libraries offer. Again it's about getting you up to speed. The author considers the book a success if you find the 38 Boost libraries introduced easy to use and if they help you become a more productive C++ developer. He also considers it a success if you went through the book with ease and found explanations and examples crystal-clear. This book and the Boost libraries should make your life as a C++ developer easier. The Boost C++ Libraries introduces these libraries from Boost 1.47.0 which was released in July 2011: AnyArrayAsioBimapBindCircularBufferConversionDateTimeDynamicBitsetExceptionFilesystem 3ForeachFormatFunctionInterprocessIntrusiveLambdaMinMaxMultiArrayMultiIndexNumericConversionOperatorsPointerContainerRefRegexSerializationSignals2SmartPointersSpirit 2.xStringAlgorithmsSystemSwapThreadTokenizerTupleUnorderedUtilityVariant
Synthetic biology as it relates to CAM photosynthesis: challenges and opportunities (2014)

To meet future food and energy security needs, which are amplified by increasing population growth and reduced natural resource availability, metabolic engineering efforts have moved from manipulating single genes/proteins to introducing multiple genes and novel pathways to improve photosynthetic efficiency in a more comprehensive manner. Biochemical carbon-concentrating mechanisms such as crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), which improves photosynthetic, water-use, and possibly nutrient-use efficiency, represent a strategic target for synthetic biology to engineer more productive C3 crops for a warmer and drier world. One key challenge for introducing multigene traits like CAM onto a background of C3 photosynthesis is to gain a better understanding of the dynamic spatial and temporal regulatory events that underpin photosynthetic metabolism. With the aid of systems and computational biology, vast amounts of experimental data encompassing transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics can be related in a network to create dynamic models. Such models can undergo simulations to discover key regulatory elements in metabolism and suggest strategic substitution or augmentation by synthetic components to improve photosynthetic performance and water-use efficiency in C3 crops. Another key challenge in the application of synthetic biology to photosynthesis research is to develop efficient systems for multigene assembly and stacking. Here, we review recent progress in computational modelling as applied to plant photosynthesis, with attention to the requirements for CAM, and recent advances in synthetic biology tool development. Lastly, we discuss possible options for multigene pathway construction in plants with an emphasis on CAM-into-C3 engineering.
Investigation of Chemical Looping Combustion of Coal with CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Oxygen Carrier (2011)

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) has great advantages to obtain pure CO2 from coal combustion flue gas at a manageable cost. CuFe2O4 was put forward as a novel oxygen carrier, which integrated Cu and Fe metals into one oxide matrix with superior characteristics over single metal oxide of either CuO or Fe2O3 and had a high potential to be used in CLC. In this study, the reaction of CuFe2O4 with two Chinese coals of different ranks [Liu Pan Shui (LPS) sub-bituminous coal and Yang Quang (YQ) anthracite] was performed in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to detect in situ the emitted gases from the TGA. Field scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (FSEM/EDX) was used to study the morphology and elemental compositions present in the solid residues, and the related phases were further identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Meanwhile, to explore the reaction mechanisms involved for the reaction of CuFe2O4 with coal, a more realistic simulation system with 376 species was designed for thermodynamic analysis. Through all of these measures, it was found that the reaction of LPS lean coal with CuFe2O4 underwent two distinct reaction stages at 300–600 and 600–850 °C, respectively. At these two reaction stages, CuFe2O4 was dominantly reduced into Cu and Fe3O4 by transfer of the lattice oxygen [O] in CuFe2O4, and then the formed Fe3O4 was further reduced into Fe2.962O4. However, above 800 °C, CuFeO2 and Cu2O were produced through direct decomposition of CuFe2O4 into CuFeO2 and then further partial decomposition of CuFeO2 into Cu2O. Especially, O2 generated was greatly beneficial to the full conversion of the remaining coal. Different from LPS, the reaction of YQ with CuFe2O4 presented only one discernible reaction stage above 600 °C. Besides Cu and CuFeO2, Fe2.957O4 was also generated. Furthermore, four cycles of reduction of CuFe2O4 with H2 and then oxidation with air displayed a good reaction stability of synthesized CuFe2O4. However, if coal was used, iron silicates were formed from the interaction of the reduced CuFe2O4 with ash and resulted in the insufficient reoxidation of reduced CuFe2O4. As such, effective separation of coal ash should be included in the CLC process to ensure the full regeneration of reduced CuFe2O4.
Toyota AA80E 8-Speed Automatic Transmission with Novel Powertrain Control System (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Toyota has developed the world's first 8-speed automatic transmission (AA80E) for RWD automobiles. The transmission will first be used in the all-new Lexus LS460. In addition, a novel control system has been developed to maximize the predictability, response, efficiency, and initial quality of the powertrain while utilizing the high number of gear steps.</div>
Uranium Determination by Remote Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence (1993)

Uranium measurements taken in a hostile environment are required in the nuclear fuel cycle. Current trends are leading toward development of better sensitivity and rapidity as well as remote measurements. Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence (TRLIF) is a very selective and sensitive method that has been widely used for uranium determinations in complex matrices. This technique evolved from analysis in a cell located in a glove box to remote measurements via fiber optics in a shielded cell. The setup of Remote Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence (RTRLIF) includes an excitation laser focused in the excitation fiber, with the fluorescence collection fibers concentrically positioned around the excitation fiber at the optrode tip, which dips into the solution; the signal is analyzed by a pulsed intensified multichannel spectrofluorimeter. This analyzer allows for the elimination of the unwanted parasital fluorescence (organic, Raman) by the placement of a gate a few microseconds after the laser pulse. Special care is taken in terms of laser focalization, fiber-optic parameters (numerical aperture, diameter, and arrangement), parasital fluorescence, time delay, and width of the gate. Results obtained with RTRLIF in terms of limits of detection (LOD ∼ 10 −10 M) are presented and compared with the results obtained by TRLIF.
Visualization and Enumeration of Bacteria Carrying a Specific Gene Sequence by In Situ Rolling Circle Amplification (2005)

ABSTRACT Rolling circle amplification (RCA) generates large single-stranded and tandem repeats of target DNA as amplicons. This technique was applied to in situ nucleic acid amplification (in situ RCA) to visualize and count single Escherichia coli cells carrying a specific gene sequence. The method features (i) one short target sequence (35 to 39 bp) that allows specific detection; (ii) maintaining constant fluorescent intensity of positive cells permeabilized extensively after amplicon detection by fluorescence in situ hybridization, which facilitates the detection of target bacteria in various physiological states; and (iii) reliable enumeration of target bacteria by concentration on a gelatin-coated membrane filter. To test our approach, the presence of the following genes were visualized by in situ RCA: green fluorescent protein gene, the ampicillin resistance gene and the replication origin region on multicopy pUC19 plasmid, as well as the single-copy Shiga-like toxin gene on chromosomes inside E. coli cells. Fluorescent antibody staining after in situ RCA also simultaneously identified cells harboring target genes and determined the specificity of in situ RCA. E. coli cells in a nonculturable state from a prolonged incubation were periodically sampled and used for plasmid uptake study. The numbers of cells taking up plasmids determined by in situ RCA was up to 10 6 -fold higher than that measured by selective plating. In addition, in situ RCA allowed the detection of cells taking up plasmids even when colony-forming cells were not detected during the incubation period. By optimizing the cell permeabilization condition for in situ RCA, this method can become a valuable tool for studying free DNA uptake, especially in nonculturable bacteria.
<i>In Vivo</i> measurement of cerebral oxygen consumption and blood flow using <sup>17</sup>O magnetic resonance imaging (1991)

We used 17O NMR imaging techniques to measure the H2(17)O concentration in a 0.8-ml voxel in the cat brain following injection of an arterial bolus of enriched H2(17)O and during inhalation of enriched 17O2. We also measured the H2(17)O concentration in arterial blood during 17O2 inhalation. The data from the first measurement were used to calculate the blood flow in the voxel. The data from all three measurements were combined to calculate the oxygen consumption in the voxel. The values of cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption calculated with 17O NMR techniques agree reasonably well with values calculated for a similar region of the cat brain using autoradiographic techniques.
A Circularly Polarized Antenna Integrated with a Solar Cell Metasurface for CubeSat (2018)

A low-profile, broadband, circularly polarized (CP) antenna integrated with solar cells is proposed for use in CubeSats. The antenna is a single-feed printed crossed-dipole radiator on a metasurface reflector that consists of a lattice of square solar cells mounted on a grounded dielectric substrate. The radiator is designed to allow 100% insolation of the solar cells when directly facing a light source. The metasurface is used as an artificial reflector of the crossed dipole to achieve a lowprofile as well as broadband characteristics. The low-profile design could also minimize shadowing of the solar cells for oblique angle insolation. The final prototype with an overall size of 100 mm × 100 mm × 5.9 mm (0.75λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> × 0.75λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> × 0.044λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> at 2.25 GHz) yields a |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | <; -10 dB bandwidth of 2.02-2.58 GHz and a 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of 2.12-2.44 GHz. The antenna radiated a good broadside right-hand CP wave with a high broadside gain and high radiation efficiency within the operational bandwidth.