gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Growth of Recombination-Deficient Strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (1974)

Cultures of recombination-deficient strains of Escherichia coli are composed of three classes of cells: (i) viable cells, which can undergo 20 or more generations, (ii) residually dividing cells, which can undergo fewer than 20 generations (probably an average of fewer than 6), and (iii) nondividing cells, which are incapable of a single division. The nonviable but residually dividing cells contribute to the mass increase of the culture, but not to the viability, thus accounting for the apparent dissimilarity in the effects of rec mutations on growth rates and viabilities. We have determined the frequencies of cells in each of the three classes, and, by making a simplifying assumption concerning the relative division times of viable and residually dividing cells, we have been able to describe mathematically the growth of the rec(-) cultures.
Genetic Vaccination against Experimental Infection with Myotropic Parasite Strains of<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> (2014)

In earlier studies, we reported that a heterologous prime-boost regimen using recombinant plasmid DNA followed by replication-defective adenovirus vector, both containing Trypanosoma cruzi genes encoding trans-sialidase (TS) and amastigote surface protein (ASP) 2, provided protective immunity against experimental infection with a reticulotropic strain of this human protozoan parasite. Herein, we tested the outcome of genetic vaccination of F1 (CB10XBALB/c) mice challenged with myotropic parasite strains (Brazil and Colombian). Initially, we determined that the coadministration during priming of a DNA plasmid containing the murine IL-12 gene improved the immune response and was essential for protective immunity elicited by the heterologous prime-boost regimen in susceptible male mice against acute lethal infections with these parasites. The prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination of resistant female mice led to a drastic reduction in the number of inflammatory infiltrates in cardiac and skeletal muscles during the chronic phase of infection with either strain. Analysis of the electrocardiographic parameters showed that prophylactic vaccination reduced the frequencies of sinus arrhythmia and atrioventricular block. Our results confirmed that prophylactic vaccination using the TS and ASP-2 genes benefits the host against acute and chronic pathologies caused by T. cruzi and should be further evaluated for the development of a veterinary or human vaccine against Chagas disease.
Planning passive filters using NSGA II for industry applications (2014)

Passive shunt harmonic filters are a convenient means of power quality preservation as well as effective reactive power compensators. The problem formulation for the optimization of passive filters has been addressed using various approaches as a single-objective or a multi-objective optimization problem. The present paper considers a new multi-objective formulation for the multiple passive filters selection and placement problem that includes the maximization of the reactive power compensation benefits accomplished by the passive filters as reactive compensators. While previous contributions solve the multi-objective problem by the minimization of a single objective function composite by several sub-objectives, the present paper use the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA - II) for solving the problem. The algorithm is capable to determine the location and configuration of each filter (type, branch number, frequency tuning and quality factor). The presented algorithm find the best solution for all the buses simultaneously using many filters and also search the reactive power distribution by branch which offers the best results. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is tested by solving a practical example.
Changes in Regional Ventilation after Autologous Blood Clot Pulmonary Embolism (2002)

An increase in sV(A),(p) of perfused regions occurs following PE with 7-mm autologous blood clots. This increase is most likely caused by a shift in ventilation away from embolized areas mediated by hypocapnic pneumoconstriction.
Variable expression of latent membrane protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be related to methylation status of the Epstein-Barr virus BNLF-1 5'-flanking region (1991)

Seven virus-coded proteins, the nuclear proteins EBNA-1 to EBNA-6 and the latent membrane protein (LMP), are regularly expressed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. In nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), only EBNA-1 is regularly expressed; LMP is detected in about 65% of the tumors. In Burkitt's lymphoma tumors only EBNA-1 is expressed. We have recently shown that the methylation patterns of the EBV genome varied between these cell types. In virally transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines of normal origin, the EBV DNA is completely unmethylated. In contrast, in the Burkitt's lymphoma-derived cell line Rael and in a nude mouse-passaged NPC tumor, C15, there was an extensive methylation of CpG pairs. The methylation extended into the coding regions of the two expressed genes, EBNA-1 (in both tumor types) and LMP (in C15). Two presumptive control regions were exempted from this overall methylation: the oriP that contains both an origin of DNA replication and an EBNA-1-dependent enhancer and the 5'-flanking region of the BNLF-1 open reading frame that codes for LMP. The latter was only exempted in the LMP expressing NPC. We have now investigated the relation between expression of LMP and methylation of DNA in the 5'-flanking 1 kb region of BNLF-1, coding for LMP. LMP was methylated in 3 of 12 NPC biopsies that did not express LMP but was partially or totally unmethylated in the remaining 9 that expressed the protein. The three BNLF-1 exons were highly methylated in all the tumors. The oriP region was unmethylated in all the tumors, as in the previously studied Rael cell line and nude mouse-passaged NPC. Also, the BamHI W enhancer region involved in the expression of EBNA nuclear proteins was methylated. None of the biopsies expressed EBNA-2. Our data show that the EBV genomes are highly methylated in NPC tumors. The strong reverse correlation between the methylation of the putative control region of the LMP gene and the expression of LMP suggests that methylation has a role in the regulation of this gene.
Construction of a Functional Layered Solid Using the Tetrakis(imidazolyl)borate Coordinating Anion (2002)

The coordination polymer Pb[B(Im)(4)](NO(3)), constructed by using tetrakis(imidazolyl)borate and lead(II) nitrate solutions, is a layered material with the metal centers facing the interlayer spacing. As in naturally occurring layered minerals, this compound can readily undergo anion exchange in the solid state with retention of crystallinity. We examined stoichiometric exchange of (15)N-nitrate for nitrate and iodide for nitrate by (15)N and (207)Pb SSNMR and confirmed retention of crystallinity by IR and powder XRD diffraction.
Multichannel parallel free-space VCSEL optoelectronic interconnects for digital data transmission and processing (2000)

A free-space integrated optoelectronic interconnect was built to explore parallel data transmission and processing. This interconnect comprises an 8 X 8 substrate-emitting 980-nm InGaAs/GaAs quantum-well vertical-cavity surface- emitting laser (VCSEL) array and an 8 X 8 InGaAs/InP P-I- N photodetector array. Both VCSEL and detector arrays were flip-chip bonded onto the complimentary metal-oxide- semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry, packaged in pin-grid array packages, and mounted on customized printed circuit boards. Individual data rates as high as 1.2 Gb/s on the VCSEL/CMOS transmitter array were measured. After the optical alignment, we carried out serial and parallel transmissions of digital data and live video scenes through this interconnect between two computers. Images captured by CCD camera were digitized to 8-bit data signals and transferred in serial bit-stream through multiple channels in this parallel VCSEL-detector optical interconnect. A data processing algorithm of edge detection was attempted during the data transfer. Final images were reconstructed back from optically transmitted and processed digital data. Although the transmitter and detector offered much higher data rates, we found that the overall image transfer rate was limited by the CMOS receiver circuits. A new design for the receiver circuitry was accomplished and submitted for fabrication.
Prostaglandins and congeners. 25. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Replacement of the carboxylate moiety of a prostaglandin with a hydroxymethylketo functional group (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProstaglandins and congeners. 25. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Replacement of the carboxylate moiety of a prostaglandin with a hydroxymethylketo functional groupAllan Wissner, Jay E. Birnbaum, and Donald E. WilsonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1980, 23, 7, 715–717Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00181a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00181a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of Elastase as a Secretory Protease from Cultured Rat Microglia (1992)

In the course of studying the secretory products of microglia, we detected protease activity in the conditioned medium. Various proteins (casein, histone, myelin basic protein, and extracellular matrix) were digested. The protease activity was characterized by using purified myelin basic protein as a substrate. Maximal activity was observed at neutral pH levels (7-8), which was different from the optimum pH level of proteolytic activity observed in the cell homogenate. The activity was inhibited approximately 60 and 50% by 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and 40 microM elastatinal, respectively. In gel filtration, the major activity, which was inhibited in the presence of N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-methyl chloride, eluted at a position corresponding to a molecular mass of approximately 25 kDa. These results suggest that the major protease present in microglial conditioned medium is elastase or an elastase-like protease. This suggestion was confirmed by the finding that the 25-kDa protein band was stained with anti-elastase antiserum by western blotting. De novo synthesis of elastase in microglia was supported by [35S]methionine incorporation. In the presence of lipopolysaccharide, the secretory elastase decreased. These results demonstrate that microglia secrete proteases, one of which was identified as elastase. The significance of this enzyme production in physiological and pathological conditions is discussed.
The use of Millimetre-Waves for Broadband Local Distribution (1987)

The use of mm-waves for local TV distribution is examined both at street level and for small town community coverage. Whilst for the former there is thought to be insufficient spectrum for contiguous coverage, for the latter a trial system is planned for 1988 in the UK using 29 GHz, GaAs technology.
Opposing Actions of Endocannabinoids on Cholangiocarcinoma Growth (2007)

Cholangiocarcinomas are devastating cancers of biliary origin with limited treatment options. Modulation of the endocannabinoid system is being targeted to develop possible therapeutic strategies for a number of cancers; therefore, we evaluated the effects of the two major endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol, on numerous cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Although anandamide was antiproliferative and proapoptotic, 2-arachidonylglycerol stimulated cholangiocarcinoma cell growth. Specific inhibitors for each of the cannabinoid receptors did not prevent either of these effects nor did pretreatment with pertussis toxin, a G(i/o) protein inhibitor, suggesting that anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol did not exert their diametric effects through any known cannabinoid receptor or through any other G(i/o) protein-coupled receptor. Using the lipid raft disruptors methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and filipin, we demonstrated that anandamide, but not 2-arachidonylglycerol, requires lipid raft-mediated events to inhibit cellular proliferation. Closer inspection of the lipid raft structures within the cell membrane revealed that although anandamide treatment had no observable effect 2-arachidonylglycerol treatment effectively dissipated the lipid raft structures and caused the lipid raft-associated proteins lyn and flotillin-1 to disperse into the surrounding membrane. In addition, anandamide, but not 2-arachidonylglycerol, induced an accumulation of ceramide, which was required for anandamide-induced suppression of cell growth. Finally we demonstrated that anandamide and ceramide treatment of cholangiocarcinoma cells recruited Fas and Fas ligand into the lipid rafts, subsequently activating death receptor pathways. These findings suggest that modulation of the endocannabinoid system may be a target for the development of possible therapeutic strategies for the treatment of this devastating cancer.
Toward efficient static analysis of finite-precision effects in DSP applications via affine arithmetic modeling (2003)

We introduce a static error analysis technique, based on smart interval methods from affine arithmetic, to help designers translate DSP codes from full-precision floating-point to smaller finite-precision formats. The technique gives results for numerical error estimation comparable to detailed simulation, but achieves speedups of three orders of magnitude by avoiding actual bit-level simulation. We show results for experiments mapping common DSP transform algorithms to implementations using small custom floating point formats.
Structural band-gap tuning in g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (2014)

g-C3N4 is a promising material for hydrogen production from water via photo-catalysis, if we can tune its band gap to desirable levels. Using a combined experimental and ab initio approach, we uncover an almost perfectly linear relationship between the band gap and structural aspects of g-C3N4, which we show to originate in a changing overlap of wave functions associated with the lattice constants. This changing overlap, in turn, causes the unoccupied pz states to experience a significantly larger energy shift than any other occupied state (s, px, or py), resulting in this peculiar relationship. Our results explain and demonstrate the possibility to tune the band gap by structural means, and thus the frequency at which g-C3N4 absorbs light.
Photocatalytic decomposition of benzene over TiO2 in a humidified airstream (1999)

Photocatalytic decomposition of benzene over TiO2 in the gas phase at room temperature was studied with a fixed-bed flow reactor. In a humidified airstream ([H2O]=2.2%), benzene was efficiently decomposed to CO2 and CO with the selectivities of 93 and 7%, respectively. The selectivities were almost independent of the benzene conversion, indicating that CO is not the intermediate of CO2 in the reaction. The selectivity of CO was in the range of 7–10% with varying concentration of O2, H2O, and benzene. The formation of phenol and brownish carbonaceous matter attributable to polymeric products was observed on the catalyst surface. In the absence of O2, benzene oxidation did not proceed at all, showing that O2 is essential for the reaction. The presence of H2O not only suppressed the formation of the carbon deposits on the catalyst surface, but also accelerated the decomposition of them to CO2 and CO. Diffuse reflectance IR study showed that the presence of H2O regenerated the surface hydroxyl groups of TiO2 which were consumed in the photoreaction. With increase in the benzene concentration, the benzene conversion was decreased and the amount of carbon deposits on the catalyst surface was increased.
<i>In Silico</i> Exploration of the Molecular Mechanism of Clinically Oriented Drugs for Possibly Inhibiting SARS-CoV-2’s Main Protease (2020)

Currently, the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic without any well-calibrated treatment. To inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19, the main protease (Mpro) that performs key biological functions in the virus has been the focus of extensive studies. With the fast-response experimental efforts, the crystal structures of Mpro of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have just become available recently. Herein, we theoretically investigated the mechanism of binding between the Mpro's pocket and various marketed drug molecules being tested in clinics to fight COVID-19 that show promising outcomes. By combining the existing experimental results with our computational ones, we revealed an important ligand binding mechanism of the Mpro, demonstrating that the binding stability of a ligand inside the Mpro pocket can be significantly improved if part of the ligand occupies its so-called "anchor" site. Along with the highly potent drugs and/or molecules (such as nelfinavir) revealed in this study, the newly discovered binding mechanism paves the way for further optimizations and designs of Mpro's inhibitors with a high binding affinity.
A high efficient medium voltage step-up DC/DC converter with zero voltage switching (ZVS) and low voltage stress for offshore wind energy systems (2014)

Conventional wind farms have a medium voltage AC (MVAC) grid that collects the power from the individual wind turbines and one or two transformer substations that facilitate high voltage AC (HVAC) power transmission. Since the output voltage of a wind turbine is too low for effective power transmission, it is stepped-up to a medium voltage level through individual transformers to facilitate short distance power transmission to the substation for further voltage boost. The AC transformers are bulky and typically located in the immediate vicinity of the turbines and in off-shore wind farms, marginally rated transformers are usually installed in the turbine's nacelle. In order to provide efficient long distance power transmission from the wind farms, HVAC links are now being replaced by high voltage DC (HVDC) links where the bulky transformers are replaced by DC/DC step-up converters. In this paper, a new medium voltage step-up resonant DC/DC converter is proposed for high power wind turbines in offshore wind energy systems. The proposed converter features zero voltage switching and low voltage stress across the power transistors. Four strings of switch pairs are connected in series in the proposed converter so that the voltage stress across each power transistor is equal to only a quarter of the input DC voltage. The circuit's operating principles will be discussed in this paper. Simulation results and experimental results on a proof-of-concept prototype are provided to highlight the merits of the proposed converter.
Spectral Response of Low-Loss Optical Waveguides (1972)

The attainment of 20-dB/km attenuation in experimental single-mode glass optical waveguides has spurred interest in their use for optical communications. The primary wavelength region of interest is in the red or near-infrared region of the spectrum. In this work independent attenuation measurements from 600 nm to 1060 nm have been made on low-loss waveguides and bulk cladding glass, using both laser and scanning-prism monochromator sources. Three bands were observed in the waveguides, at 725 nm, 875 nm, and 950 nm, and identified as due to OH in the glass. Absorptions too small to be precisely measured in the bulk glass measured in them. are seen to be exceedingly important in the waveguides and easily measured in them.
ORACLE: Optimized Radio clAssification through Convolutional neuraL nEtworks (2018)

This paper describes the architecture and performance of ORACLE, an approach for detecting a unique radio from a large pool of bit-similar devices (same hardware, protocol, physical address, MAC ID) using only IQ samples at the physical layer. ORACLE trains a convolutional neural network (CNN) that balances computational time and accuracy, showing 99\% classification accuracy for a 16-node USRP X310 SDR testbed and an external database of $>$100 COTS WiFi devices. Our work makes the following contributions: (i) it studies the hardware-centric features within the transmitter chain that causes IQ sample variations; (ii) for an idealized static channel environment, it proposes a CNN architecture requiring only raw IQ samples accessible at the front-end, without channel estimation or prior knowledge of the communication protocol; (iii) for dynamic channels, it demonstrates a principled method of feedback-driven transmitter-side modifications that uses channel estimation at the receiver to increase differentiability for the CNN classifier. The key innovation here is to intentionally introduce controlled imperfections on the transmitter side through software directives, while minimizing the change in bit error rate. Unlike previous work that imposes constant environmental conditions, ORACLE adopts the `train once deploy anywhere' paradigm with near-perfect device classification accuracy.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Y2O3-Stabilized ZrO2 on the Porous La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 Cathode Substrate for SOFC (1995)

Preparation of YSZ film on La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 porous substrate was investigated using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. Since the electrical conductivity of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 substrate is satisfactorily high at room temperature, YSZ powders were deposited electrophoretically on La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 substrate without any treatment such as metal coating. Open circuit voltage of SOFC where YSZ film prepared by EPD was applied, increased by repeating the deposition and calcination cycles. 6 or more times in repetitions were required to obtain YSZ film without gas leakage. A planar type SOFC fabricated by using Ni as anode attained an open circuit voltage and maximum power density of 1.0 V and 1.5 W cm−2, respectively. It became evident that YSZ films without gas leakage can be prepared by the EPD method on LaMnO3 cathode substrates.