gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MVP-mediated exosomal sorting of miR-193a promotes colon cancer progression (2017)

Exosomes are emerging mediators of intercellular communication; whether the release of exosomes has an effect on the exosome donor cells in addition to the recipient cells has not been investigated to any extent. Here, we examine different exosomal miRNA expression profiles in primary mouse colon tumour, liver metastasis of colon cancer and naive colon tissues. In more advanced disease, higher levels of tumour suppressor miRNAs are encapsulated in the exosomes. miR-193a interacts with major vault protein (MVP). Knockout of MVP leads to miR-193a accumulation in the exosomal donor cells instead of exosomes, inhibiting tumour progression. Furthermore, miR-193a causes cell cycle G1 arrest and cell proliferation repression through targeting of Caprin1, which upregulates Ccnd2 and c-Myc. Human colon cancer patients with more advanced disease show higher levels of circulating exosomal miR-193a. In summary, our data demonstrate that MVP-mediated selective sorting of tumour suppressor miRNA into exosomes promotes tumour progression.
New Seven- and Eight-Membered Cyclic Alkoxyamines for the Living Free Radical Polymerization (2003)

A straightforward synthesis of new seven- and eight-membered cyclic alkoxyamines from the corresponding lower homologous keto−alkoxyamines via ring-enlargement using TMS−diazomethane is described. The use of these ring-enlarged cyclic alkoxyamines as regulators/initiators for the radical polymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate is presented. Efficient controlled and living styrene polymerization (molecular weight of up to 40 000) can be obtained using the seven- and eight-membered alkoxyamine initiators. The influence of the ring-enlargement on the quality of the polymerization process (polymerization time, livingness, PDI) is discussed. The rate constant of the C−O bond cleavage of these new alkoxyamines has been measured. In addition, the thermal decomposition of the alkoxyamines has been studied. Furthermore, EPR data of the corresponding new nitroxides are presented.
Emission Characteristics of a Polyethylene Pheromone Dispenser for Mating Disruption of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1992)

Journal Article Emission Characteristics of a Polyethylene Pheromone Dispenser for Mating Disruption of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Get access D. F. Brown, D. F. Brown Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, Washington 98902 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. L. Knight, A. L. Knight Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, Washington 98902 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. F. Howell, J. F. Howell 2 Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, Washington 98902 2Current address: Superior Ag Products, P.O. Box 8284, Yakima, Wash. 98908. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. R. Sell, C. R. Sell Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, Washington 98902 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. L. Krysan, J. L. Krysan Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, Washington 98902 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Weiss M. Weiss Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., Yakima, Washington 98902 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 85, Issue 3, 1 June 1992, Pages 910–917, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/85.3.910 Published: 01 June 1992 Article history Received: 30 July 1990 Accepted: 27 January 1992 Published: 01 June 1992
Brief for The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, The Arc of the United States, The National Disability Rights Network, Disability Rights Florida, and The Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law as Amicus Curiae (2013)

Question Presented: Whether the Florida scheme for identifying mentally retarded defendants in capital cases violates Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002). Summary of Argument: In Atkins, this Court concluded that a national consensus had developed against the execution of persons with mental retardation and that such executions violated the Eighth Amendment. The Court also stated that the national consensus suggests that some characteristics of mental retardation, such as disabilities in the areas of reasoning, judgment, and control of impulses, undermine the procedural protections of our capital punishment jurisprudence and can jeopardize the reliability and fairness of capital proceedings against defendants with mental retardation. Although the Atkins Court left to the states the task of determining whether a defendant has mental retardation, the Court noted its approval of state statutory definitions that generally conform to the clinical definitions of professional mental disability organizations, such as the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) (formerly the American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR)) and the American Psychiatric Association (APA). In the eleven years since Atkins was decided, states have taken differing approaches to fulfilling this mandate. Many of these states have followed Atkins’ guidance and have implemented tests that, consistent with the definitions used by recognized mental disability organizations, consider assessments of both an individual’s intellectual functioning (i.e., IQ tests), including the standard margin of error or specific facts about the administration and scoring of the test, and an individual’s conceptual, social and practical skills. Florida courts, however, have adopted a test that individuals who have a raw IQ score above 70 do not have mental retardation, without consideration of the standard margin of error or factors including cognitive and behavioral impairments that are encompassed in the definitions of mental disability professionals. In doing so, Florida has erected a test with no foundation in scientifically recognized definitions that prevents an accurate assessment of whether a defendant has mental retardation and allows for the execution of individuals with mental retardation who would not be executed in states that have followed Atkins’ guidance. This, the ABA asserts, is an arbitrary and capricious application of the death penalty that denies the constitutional protection mandated by Atkins for the full range of defendants with mental retardation.
Condensed Cyclobutane Aromatic Systems. IV. Benzocyclobutene and 1-Bromobenzocyclobutene (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensed Cyclobutane Aromatic Systems. IV. Benzocyclobutene and 1-BromobenzocyclobuteneM. P. Cava and D. R. NapierCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 9, 2255–2257Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01542a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01542a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views488Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mitral valve surgery for mitral regurgitation in patients with advanced dilated cardiomyopathy. (2003)

Mitral surgery in advanced left ventricular dysfunction can be accomplished with an acceptable operative risk. It offers a durable functional improvement. In ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy concomitant myocardial revascularization procures a significant amelioration in the left ventricular performance as evaluated at echocardiography.
Isopropanolic black cohosh extract and recurrence-free survival after breast cancer (2007)

An increase in the risk of breast cancer recurrence for women having had iCR treatment, compared to women not treated with iCR is unlikely.
Protecting User Privacy (2017)

In recent years, applications that collect and store location data have become ubiquitous, allowing users to engage in a variety of interactions with other users and services in their digital or physical vicinity. However, usage of these geolocation services put users at risk of serious privacy threats. For instance, state-of-the-art user-identification methods use geospatial trajectories derived from location based services to identify users at an alarmingly high accuracy. In this work, we address the problem of protecting user identities by presenting methods for obfuscating discriminative location data in users' profiles. We utilize data provided by the public Twitter API, collecting tweets with geolocation tags from a select group of prolific users in a 12-week time period. To minimize the amount of data obfuscated, we present two methods to identify the most discriminative tweets. The first solution is to use an Entropy-Maximizing Observation Function based on the number of tweets the user has posted and the number of people who have posted in that specific location. This ensures tweets by infrequent users in unique locations are changed first. The other solution is to use the identification algorithm to figure out what users can be identified and only change tweets from those users. For both methods, to perturb a tweet, we move it to a location with more tweets to mask the identity of the user. A thorough experimentation of other baseline approaches shows that our model exhibits a significant decrease in user identification accuracy while keeping the percentage of changed data at a minimum.
Holographic contouring by using tunable lasers (1994)

We show that it is possible to make a hologram with true-height contours by using dispersion compensation provided by holographic gratings in the reference and picture beams. Holograms can be made with either a short-pulse, mode-locked laser or a tunable dye laser with 2N + 1 frequencies each spaced by Δν frequency. Experiments are presented to illustrate the high-contrast contours obtained with consecutive exposures from a tunable dye laser. Fine-scale vernier and coarse contours are obtained at intervals c/[2(2N + 1)Δν] and c/(2Δv), respectively.
Vibro-acoustography of small spheres (2000)

Vibro-acoustography is a method for imaging the acoustic energy emitted from objects in response to an oscillatory radiation force produced by two interfering focused beams of ultrasound [M. Fatemi and J. F. Greenleaf, Science 280, 82–85 (1998)]. To facilitate quantitative study, a model is presented that describes the behavior of an elastic sphere in two plane ultrasound waves of slightly different frequencies. The vibrating velocity and the resulting acoustic emission of the sphere at the difference frequency are derived from the radiation force and the impedance of the sphere. For small steel spheres in water, the velocity and emission are predicted to have a simple relationship with the difference frequency and the size of the sphere. Experiments on small stainless steel spheres of different size are carried out for a number of difference frequencies, with a laser interferometer to measure the velocity of the sphere and a calibrated hydrophone to measure the acoustic emission from the sphere. The experimental results fit the model description well. This means that vibro-acoustography may be useful in quantitative measurement.
Crystallization and preliminary X‐ray diffraction studies of mandelonitrile lyase from almonds (1994)

Single crystals of three different isoenzymes of (R)-(+) mandelonitrile lyase (hydroxynitrile lyase) from almonds (Prunus amygdalus) have been obtained by hanging drop vapor diffusion using polyethylene glycol 4000 and isopropanol as co-precipitants. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space group P2(1) with unit cell parameters a = 69.9, b = 95.1, c = 95.6 A, and beta = 118.5 degrees. A complete set of diffraction data has been collected to 2.6 A resolution on native crystals of isoenzyme III.
Administration of substances to laboratory animals: equipment considerations, vehicle selection, and solute preparation. (2011)

Administration of substances to laboratory animals requires careful consideration and planning to optimize delivery of the agent to the animal while minimizing potential adverse experiences from the procedure. The equipment selected to deliver substances to animals depends on the length of the study and the nature of the material being administered. This selection provides a significant opportunity for refining animal treatment. Similarly, when substances are administered as solutions or suspensions, attention should be given to selection of vehicles and methods used for preparing the solutions and suspensions. The research team, veterinarian, technical personnel, and IACUC members should be aware of reasons underlying selection of equipment for substance delivery and should consider carefully how substances will be prepared and stored prior to administration to animals. Failure to consider these factors during experimental planning may result in unintentional adverse effects on experimental animals and confounded results.
The reaction-limited kinetics of membrane-to-surface adhesion and detachment (1988)

Biological adhesion is frequently mediated by specific membrane proteins (adhesion molecules). Starting with the notion of adhesion molecules, we present a simple model of the physics of membrane-to-surface attachment and detachment. This model consists of coupling the equations for deformation of an elastic membrane with equations for the chemical kinetics of the adhesion molecules. We propose a set of constitutive laws relating bond stress to bond strain and also relating the chemical rate constants of the adhesion molecules to bond strain. We derive an exact formula for the critical tension. We also describe a fast and accurate finite difference algorithm for generating numerical solutions of our model. Using this algorithm, we are able to compute the transient behaviour during the initial phases of adhesion and detachment as well as the steady-state geometry of adhesion and the velocity of the contact. An unexpected consequence of our model is the predicted occurrence of states in which adhesion cannot be reversed by application of tension. Such states occur only if the adhesion molecules have certain constitutive properties (catch-bonds). We discuss the rational for such catch-bonds and their possible biological significance. Finally, by analysis of numerical solutions, we derive an accurate and general expression for the steady-state velocity of attachment and detachment. As applications of the theory, we discuss data on the rolling velocity of granulocytes in post-capillary venules and data on lectin-mediated adhesion of red cells.
New and automated MS<sup>n</sup> approaches for top-down identification of modified proteins (2005)

An automated top-down approach including data-dependent MS(3) experiment for protein identification/characterization is described. A mixture of wild-type yeast proteins has been separated on-line using reverse-phase liquid chromatography and introduced into a hybrid linear ion trap (LTQ) Fourier transform ion cylclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer, where the most abundant molecular ions were automatically isolated and fragmented. The MS(2) spectra were interpreted by an automated algorithm and the resulting fragment mass values were uploaded to the ProSight PTM search engine to identify three yeast proteins, two of which were found to be modified. Subsequent MS(3) analyses pinpointed the location of these modifications. In addition, data-dependent MS(3) experiments were performed on standard proteins and wild-type yeast proteins using the stand alone linear trap mass spectrometer. Initially, the most abundant molecular ions underwent collisionally activated dissociation, followed by data-dependent dissociation of only those MS(2) fragment ions for which a charge state could be automatically determined. The resulting spectra were processed to identify amino acid sequence tags in a robust fashion. New hybrid search modes utilized the MS(3) sequence tag and the absolute mass values of the MS(2) fragment ions to collectively provide unambiguous identification of the standard and wild-type yeast proteins from custom databases harboring a large number of post-translational modifications populated in a combinatorial fashion.
Spatio-temporal compression of the motion field in video coding (2002)

In conventional fixed size block motion compensation (FSBMC), the motion information is a set of motion vectors called motion field. There is a great amount of correlation within the FSBMC motion field: spatial correlation between vectors of the same frame and temporal correlation between vectors of consecutive frames. This correlation is the potential for a more efficient coding of the motion. Variable size block motion compensation (VSBMC) and region-wise motion compensation (RWMC) methods were proposed to reduce the spatial correlation of the motion field, by merging several blocks having the same motion into one larger block/region and coding only one motion vector. Observing the temporal correlation of the motion field, a different technique was proposed to predict the motion of the current frame based on the motion of the previous frames. In order to use all the potential for the efficient coding of the motion field (motion field compression), both temporal and spatial correlation are used in the proposed method. The experimental results show a significant decrease of the motion information bit-rate.
Eicosapentaenoic acid: effect on brain prostaglandins, cerebral blood flow and edema in ischemic gerbils. (1984)

Eicosapentaenoic acid prevents platelet aggregation and inhibits arachidonate conversion into thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins. Consequently eicosapentaenoic acid might protect the brain from the ischemia that follows cerebral arterial occlusion. We studied the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on cerebral ischemia in anesthetized gerbils. Ischemia was produced by bilateral carotid occlusion for 10 min, followed by reperfusion for 60 min, in gerbils fed either a standard diet (control) or a diet supplemented with menhaden fish oil for 2 months. The menhaden fish oil contained 17 mole % eicosapentaenoic acid. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by the hydrogen clearance method and brain water by the specific gravity technique. In control animals cerebral blood flow was decreased 30 and 60 min after reperfusion (p less than .001) and brain water was increased (p less than .001). In the experimental group cerebral blood flow did not fall during reperfusion and edema did not appear. Brain prostaglandins and thromboxane were measured by radioimmunoassay. PGF2 alpha, PGE2, 6-keto PGF1 alpha and TXB2 increased after severe ischemia and reperfusion. The synthesis of brain diene prostaglandins was not altered by eicosapentaenoic acid. Our study indicates that eicosapentaenoic acid prevented post-ischemic cerebral edema and hypoperfusion, without affecting the levels of brain diene prostaglandin and thromboxane.
Nongenomic Actions of Thyroid Hormone (1996)

Nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone are by definition independent of nuclear receptors for the hormone and have been described at the plasma membrane, various cell organelles, the cytoskeleton, and in cytoplasm. The actions include alterations in solute transport (Ca2+, Na+, glucose), changes in activities of several kinases, including protein kinase C, cAMP-dependent protein kinase and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), effects on efficiency of specific mRNA translation and mRNA t1/2, modulation of mitochondrial respiration, and regulation of actin polymerization (promotion of formation of F-actin). Iodothyronines also can regulate nongenomically the state of contractile elements in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The physiologic significance at the cellular level of certain of these actions has been demonstrated, for example, in the cases of myocardiocyte Na+ current, red cell Ca2+ content, and the control by hormone-induced alterations in actin solubility of cell surface activity of iodothyronine 5'-monodeiodinase activity and the intracellular distribution of protein disulfide isomerase activity. The physiologic significance of these actions at the organ or system level is less clear, but extranuclear effects of thyroid hormone on myocardial Na+ channel, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase activity, and contractile state of VSMC may each contribute to acute effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac output that have recently been described clinically. The molecular mechanisms for nongenomic actions are incompletely understood; relevant binding sites and signal transduction pathways have been described for hormone actions on plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase activity, and PKM2 monomer is known to bind T3 and, as a result, prevent activation of the kinase via tetramer formation. Nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone may have different structure-activity relationships of iodothyronines from those effects that depend upon nuclear receptors; they may have different time courses and may invoke complex signal transduction pathways before the action is detected.
Event-Related Potentials - the P3 Wave (2003)

Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) are a basic, non-invasive method of neurophysiological investigation. They can be used to assess aspects of human cognitive information processing. They also can be used in experiments on higher mammals. The most important and the most studied component of the ERP record is the P3 wave. It consists of two parts, P3a and P3b. There is no doubt that, besides the use in neurophysiological and psychophysiological research, the P3 wave also has clinical importance. Changes in its latency, amplitude and topography are correlated with clinical findings in a wide range of different ailments. The mini-review we present summarises the current state of the P3 wave research in experimental and clinical studies.