gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SAT-LHUC: Speaker adaptive training for learning hidden unit contributions (2016)

This paper extends learning hidden unit contributions (LHUC) unsupervised speaker adaptation with speaker adaptive training (SAT). Contrary to other SAT approaches, the proposed technique does not require speaker-dependent features, the generation of auxiliary generative models to estimate or extract speaker-dependent information, or any changes to the speaker-independent model structure. SAT-LHUC is directly integrated into the objective and jointly learns speaker-independent and speaker-dependent representations. We demonstrate that the SAT-LHUC technique can match feature-space regression transforms for matched narrow-band data and outperform it on wide-band data when the runtime distribution differs significantly from training one. We have obtained 6.5%, 10% and 18.5% relative word error rate reductions compared to speaker-independent models on Switchboard, AMI meetings and TED lectures, respectively. This corresponds to relative gains of 2%, 4% and 6% compared with non-SAT LHUC adaptation. SAT-LHUC was also found to be complementary to SAT with feature-space maximum likelihood linear regression transforms.
Complementary DNA and derived amino acid sequence of the .alpha. subunit of human complement protein C8: evidence for the existence of a separate .alpha. subunit messenger RNA (1987)

The entire amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit (Mr 64,000) of the eighth component of complement (C8) was determined by characterizing cDNA clones isolated from a human liver cDNA library. Two clones with overlapping inserts of net length 2.44 kilobases (kb) were isolated and found to contain the entire alpha coding region [1659 base pairs (bp)]. The 5' end consists of an untranslated region and a leader sequence of 30 amino acids. This sequence contains an apparent initiation Met, signal peptide, and propeptide which ends with an arginine-rich sequence that is characteristic of proteolytic processing sites found in the pro form of protein precursors. The 3' untranslated region contains two polyadenylation signals and a poly(A) sequence. RNA blot analysis of total cellular RNA from the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 revealed a message size of approximately 2.5 kb. Features of the 5' and 3' sequences and the message size suggest that a separate mRNA codes for alpha and argues against the occurrence of a single-chain precursor form of the disulfide-linked alpha-gamma subunit found in mature C8. Analysis of the derived amino acid sequence revealed several membrane surface seeking domains and a possible transmembrane domain. These occur in a cysteine-free region of the subunit and may constitute the structural basis for alpha interaction with target membranes. Analysis of the carbohydrate composition indicates 1 or 2 asparagine-linked but no O-linked oligosaccharide chains, a result consistent with predictions from the amino acid sequence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soils in the Arabian Gulf Region: A Review (2007)

While environmental biotechnology is broadly based in
variety of environmental protection, restoration, and agriculture
industrial practices, for a decade it has been most commonly linked
with bioremediation, rehabilitation and waste treatment technology.
Most of the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia, including the coastal area
bordering Kuwait, became polluted with petroleum during the recent
Gulf war (1990). Microorganisms can degrade petroleum as a carbon
and energy source and this might provide scope to remediate and
rehabilitate petroleum-contaminated soils. There are several problems
dealing with petroleum-contaminated soils which effect human health
and environmental quality. The present review may give some
opportunities in bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soils for
more future studies in the Arabian Gulf region.
Quantum well and quantum dot research at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) (2011)

This paper reviews the work of several teams at ARL. In the first section a summary of the work done by the photovoltaic devices team is presented, the team is using quantum dots to enhance the efficiency of solar photovoltaic devices. We have discovered that doping the quantum dots is critical in enhancing the efficiency of the solar cells. In the quantum well arena we are developing type II SLS detector material for high performance focal plane array applications, so far we have observed that the minority carrier lifetimes have been short. This presents a major barrier towards the realization of high performance focal plane arrays. This paper discusses some of the details of type II SLS material studies as they pertain to minority carrier lifetime studies.
Household Organization and Refuse Disposal at a Cultivated Creek Site (1996)

The late eighteenth-century writings of William Bartram describe the spatial organization of Creek Indian households. As a reflection of the Square Ground, such households typically had multiple structures positioned around a central courtyard. Each structure was dedicated to specific activities related to the Creek sexual and seasonal divisions of labor. Recently examined artifact distributions at site 1EE273, a late eighteenth-century, plow-disturbed occupation in east-central Alabama, reflect this historically documented settlement pattern. The segregation of certain artifact classes suggests that characteristics of the sexual division of labor may be extant within this arrangement. It is argued that patterns of primary refuse disposal maintained these aspects of Creek household organization at the site.
The potential of SSB for land mobile radio (1979)

Experimental mobile radios using pilot carrier single-sideband modulation have been constructed and subjected to field tests. The pilot carrier is used both for a.g.c, and for demodulation. The tests involved side-by-side comparisons with conventional FM equipment in urban surroundings at both VHF and UHF. SSB was found to be no more sensitive to ignition noise than FM and less affected by fading. It is proposed that SSB is suitable for land mobile radio, and that it is more efficient than FM both in spectrum usage and power.
PROGRESS NOTES (1992)

Veneta Masson, RN, MA, is a family nurse practitioner and director, Community Medical Care, a family medical and nursing practice in Washington, DC.
Coincidence Corrections for Particle Size Determinations with the Coulter Counter (1965)

A new mathematical treatment has been given for coincidence corrections necessary in determining particle size distributions by means of a Coulter counter. The coincidence phenomenon has been divided into ``horizontal'' and ``vertical'' interactions, of which the latter is believed to predominate. Expressions are developed relating the observed count, the real number of particles, the mean diameter, and the standard deviation of a distribution. The resulting equations are rather complex, and although manual solution is not impossible, an electronic digital computer would decrease the time required.
Objective Measures of Video Impairment: Analysis of 128 Scenes (1992)

ATIS Committee T1 contribution to standards project “Analog Interface Performance Specifications for Digital Video Teleconferencing/Video Telephony Service and DS3 Television”
Machine learning methods for wind turbine condition monitoring: A review (2018)

This paper reviews the recent literature on machine learning (ML) models that have been used for condition monitoring in wind turbines (e.g. blade fault detection or generator temperature monitoring). We classify these models by typical ML steps, including data sources, feature selection and extraction, model selection (classification, regression), validation and decision-making. Our findings show that most models use SCADA or simulated data, with almost two-thirds of methods using classification and the rest relying on regression. Neural networks, support vector machines and decision trees are most commonly used. We conclude with a discussion of the main areas for future work in this domain.
Reversible regulation of SHP‐1 tyrosine phosphatase activity by oxidation (1998)

Increasing evidence indicates that redox regulation is an important signaling mechanism. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) are sensitive to oxidative inactivation and are potential targets of redox regulation. In this study, we analyzed the reversibility of oxidative inactivation of the PTPase SHP-1, which negatively regulates protein tyrosine kinase signaling. H2O2 inactivated SHP-1 in vitro. Incubation of the H2O2-inactivated SHP-1 with dithiothreitol recovered 44-99% of the PTPase activity, depending on the H2O2 concentrations used to inactivate SHP-1. Glutathione and N-acetylcysteine also reactivated H2O2-treated SHP-1. Stimulation of SHP-1-transfected HeLa cells with H2O2 rapidly decreased SHP-1 activity, which was completely reversed within 15 min. Thus, oxidative inactivation of SHP-1 is a reversible process.
Nonlinear Optical Beam Manipulation and High Energy Beam Propagation Through the Atmosphere (1989)

This book is covered under the following headings: Nonlinear optical beam manipulation 1-2-3-4; Propagation of high energy beams through the atmosphere; Atmospheric phenomenology; Mid-atmospheric effects; and Propagation through disturbed environments.
Double tunnel junctions for magnetic random access memory devices (2000)

Optimum junction resistance and minimum tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio required for high density and high performance magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) devices with a TMR cell plus field effect transistor (FET) switch architecture are discussed by taking into account the variation of FET resistance causing noise. This implies that a TMR ratio over 25% at a 400 mV bias voltage and junction resistance of several tens of kilo-ohms for TMR cells are required with a signal voltage of 30 mV and a sense current of 10 μA, which leads to about 10 ns read time. This large magnetoresistance ratio at the elevated bias voltage requires low bias voltage dependence of TMR for the MRAM devices. In order to try to meet this requirement, double tunnel junctions were fabricated which possess the central ferromagnetic layer consisting of a thin discontinuous layer of hard ferromagnetic Co80Pt20 nanoparticles and insulating Al2O3 prepared by alternate sputtering of Co80Pt20 and Al2O3 targets. The maximum TMR obtained was 20.5% at room temperature for FeCo top and bottom electrodes without annealing. Bias voltage dependence of the (NiFe/CoFe)/1.5 nm Al2O3/discontinuous CoPt/2.6 nm Al2O3/(CoFe/NiFe) double tunnel junctions were revealed to be small compared to that of single junctions, the barrier of which was also fabricated by sputtering of an Al2O3 target.
Optimization of Non-diffractive Beam Propagation in Random Media Formed by Annular Beam (2016)

Light is quite difficult to propagate a long distance in random media such as human tissue or atmospheric dense cloud because of its scattering and absorption. For optical sensing, it is important to increase propagation efficiency which means expanding the sensing range. An annular beam can transform its waveform into a non-diffractive beam due to its propagation in a long distance. In our previous work, we found the annular beam also had non-diffractive effect when it propagated in diluted milk solution of a few tens centimetres at the concentration of less than 1%. In this study, to clear up how to control and optimize the non-diffractive effect of the annular beam in random media, numerical calculation of propagation characteristics of annular beam in air was estimated. The narrow annular beam with a small diameter would generate a high intensity non-diffractive beam at a short distance. We also had three sets of experiments of annular beam propagation in random media with the same view point as the calculation, but its propagation characteristics was evaluated by milk concentration. They showed the same variation of a non-diffractive beam with the result of numerical calculation in air. These results provide us a hint of optimization for annular beam propagation in random media.
Genetic strategies for the treatment of sickle cell anaemia (2011)

Sickle cell anaemia is a severe inherited blood disorder for which there is presently no curative therapy other than allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. This therapeutic option, however, is not available to most patients because of the lack of a matched related donor. Different genetic strategies aiming to treat the anaemia and prevent sickling are under investigation. They include strategies to transfer a regulated globin gene in autologous HSCs-the most developed approach, which is about to undergo clinical evaluation-, and strategies to either restore endogenous HBG expression, repair or eliminate HBB(S) mutant transcripts, or correct the sickle mutation in HSCs or induced pluripotent stem cells. Their common ultimate goals are to afford therapeutic levels of HbA or HbF in the erythroid progeny of autologous HSCs (sufficient to prevent pathological sickling) and engraft the genetically modified HSCs with minimal short-term toxicity (primarily caused by the conditioning regimen) and long-term toxicity (primarily caused by genotoxicity). We discuss here the status of application of these technologies, outlining recent advances and the hurdles that lay ahead.
A new base-labile linker for solid-phase peptide synthesis (1992)

S. B. Katti, P. K. Misra, W. Haq and K. B. Mathur, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 843 DOI: 10.1039/C39920000843
Current information on the infectious risks of allogeneic blood transfusion (2008)

SUMMARY The safety of allogeneic blood and blood products in relation to infection risk is paramount, even though absolute safety is an ideal that clearly cannot be attained. In countries with developed healthcare systems and with effective and well‐managed national transfusion services, any residual infection risk is generally much lower than the risk of non‐infectious adverse events. The number of infectious agents known to be transmitted by transfusion is not insignificant, but at the same time only a proportion of these present a significant universal threat. It is therefore important to understand and attempt to quantify the residual infectious risks associated with transfusion. These risks generally fall into two categories: the risk of infection because of the failure to identify infection in a donation from a recently infected donor and the risk of infection from a ‘new’ infectious agent or from one that donations are not routinely screened for. Both of these scenarios are ‘real’ in the sense that these are the threats faced every day by transfusion services. The mitigation of such threats is by ensuring that there are effective donor screening and deferral procedures in place, that the screening performed is carried out to the highest possible standards in terms of sensitivity and reliability, and finally that the transfusion service actively monitors ‘new’ or emerging infectious threats so that action can be taken if the safety of the blood supply is likely to be compromised, as well as maintaining hemovigilance of adverse events in recipients of transfusions.
Control of SOI waveguide polarization properties for microphotonic applications (2004)

Waveguide birefringence in SOI AWGs was studied for different cross-sections. It was found that trapezoidal shapes are less sensitive to dimension fluctuations, and can be used to relax the dimension control requirements. Top oxide cladding induced significant photoelastic birefringence. We demonstrated the use of this property for birefringence tuning, which we believe opens a new avenue of birefringence control for microphotonic applications.
Continuous desalination with a metal-free redox-mediator (2019)

Metal-free molecular redox-mediated electro-dialytic desalination has been presented, which can directly desalt high concentration of feed (5860 ppm) to the drinking water level (136 ppm) during a continuous single batch treatment. The removal efficiency is up to 97.7%.
Synergistic interaction of three ERECTA-family receptor-like kinases controls <i>Arabidopsis</i> organ growth and flower development by promoting cell proliferation (2004)

Growth of plant organs relies on coordinated cell proliferation followed by cell growth, but the nature of the cell-cell signal that specifies organ size remains elusive. The Arabidopsis receptor-like kinase (RLK) ERECTA regulates inflorescence architecture. Our previous study using a dominant-negative fragment of ERECTA revealed the presence of redundancy in the ERECTA-mediated signal transduction pathway. Here, we report that Arabidopsis ERL1 and ERL2, two functional paralogs of ERECTA, play redundant but unique roles in a part of the ERECTA signaling pathway, and that synergistic interaction of three ERECTA-family RLKs define aerial organ size. Although erl1 and erl2 mutations conferred no detectable phenotype, they enhanced erecta defects in a unique manner. Overlapping but distinct roles of ERL1 and ERL2 can be ascribed largely to their intricate expression patterns rather than their functions as receptor kinases. Loss of the entire ERECTA family genes led to striking dwarfism, reduced lateral organ size and abnormal flower development, including defects in petal polar expansion, carpel elongation, and anther and ovule differentiation. These defects are due to severely reduced cell proliferation. Our findings place ERECTA-family RLKs as redundant receptors that link cell proliferation to organ growth and patterning.
Bacterial Black Spot of Tomato Caused by Pseudomonas viridiflava (1979)

A bacterial disease of tomato new to Japan was found in Tokushima prefecture in 1976. The bacterium attacks leaf blades and sepals of tomato grown in plastic greenhouse during cold season. It also attacks petioles and stems during warm season in plastic greenhouse as well as in open culture. The symptoms on leaf blades are characterized by irregular black spots of three to four millimeters in size, and those on petioles and stems are dark-green sunken streaks accompanied by internal rot of parenchymatous cells. The bacterial isolates obtained from affected leaf blades, petioles and stems were quite uniform in their bacteriological characteristics. They showed a distinct pathogenicity to tomato and head lettuce by spray inoculation, and to bean, cucumber and eggplant by needle prick inoculation. The bacteriological characteristics and the pathogenicity of this bacterium were identical to those of Pseudomonas viridiflava in the previous descriptions as well as with those of the check isolate of P. viridiflava used in this experiment, SN7647, which was isolated from a cucumber plant affected by marginal blight. From these results, the causal bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder 1930) Dowson 1939. This is the first report for this bacterium to attack tomato in Japan.
Risk Factors of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery (2005)

Postoperative AF remains the most common complication after cardiac surgery. A combination of advanced age and type of surgery identifies patients at high risk for development of AF after cardiac surgery.
Association of Sterol- and Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked Proteins with Drosophila Raft Lipid Microdomains (1999)

In vertebrates, the formation of raft lipid microdomains plays an important part in both polarized protein sorting and signal transduction. To establish a system in which raft-dependent processes could be studied genetically, we have analyzed the protein and lipid composition of these microdomains in Drosophila melanogaster. Using mass spectrometry, we identified the phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols present in Drosophila membranes. Despite chemical differences between Drosophila and mammalian lipids, their structure suggests that the biophysical properties that allow raft formation have been preserved. Consistent with this, we have identified a detergent-insoluble fraction of Drosophila membranes that, like mammalian rafts, is rich in sterol, sphingolipids, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins. We show that the sterol-linked Hedgehog N-terminal fragment associates specifically with this detergent-insoluble membrane fraction. Our findings demonstrate that raft formation is preserved across widely separated phyla in organisms with different lipid structures. They further suggest sterol modification as a novel mechanism for targeting proteins to raft membranes and raise the possibility that signaling and polarized intracellular transport of Hedgehog are based on raft association.
Probing RNA tertiary structure: interhelical crosslinking of the hammerhead ribozyme. (1995)

Distinct structural models for the hammerhead ribozyme derived from single-crystal X-ray diffraction and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements have been compared. Both models predict the same overall geometry, a wishbone shape with helices II and III nearly colinear and helix I positioned close to helix II. However, the relative orientations of helices I and II are different. To establish whether one of the models represents a kinetically active structure, a new crosslinking procedure was developed in which helices I and II of hammerhead ribozymes were disulfide-crosslinked via the 2' positions of specific sugar residues. Crosslinking residues on helices I and II that are close according to the X-ray structure did not appreciably reduce the catalytic efficiency. In contrast, crosslinking residues closely situated according to the FRET model dramatically reduced the cleavage rate by at least three orders of magnitude. These correlations between catalytic efficiencies and spatial proximities are consistent with the X-ray structure.
The Preterm Labor Index and Fetal Fibronectin for Prediction of Preterm Delivery With Intact Membranes (2003)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the preterm labor index with the biochemical marker fetal fibronectin in predicting preterm delivery. METHODS: In 185 women with preterm labor and intact membranes, the preterm labor index was determined based on clinical findings of uterine contractions, bleeding, and cervical dilatation. An immunosorbent assay was used to measure oncofetal fibronectin. RESULTS: A significant negative correlation was noted between the preterm labor index and the interval from hospitalization to delivery. Based on a receiver operating characteristic curve, a preterm labor index 4 or higher was defined as positive. Rates of preterm delivery overall and of delivery within 1 week in the preterm labor indexnegative group were 55.2% and 13.8%, respectively. Those in the preterm labor index-positive group were significantly higher (88.4% and 56.5%). With respect to predicting when a delivery would occur during the first week of hospitalization, the preterm labor index and fetal fibronectin did not differ in sensitivity (77.7% and 73.8%, respectively), specificity (79.5% and 74.2%), positive predictive value (66.7% and 60.8%), or negative predictive value (84.5% and 83.9%). However, within the preterm labor index-negative group, the rates of preterm delivery (68.4%), delivery within 1 week (28.9%), and neonatal treatment in an intensive care unit (36.8%) were significantly higher in fetal fibronectin-positive than in fibronectin-negative cases (46.2%, 9.0%, and 10.3%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The preterm labor index was similar to the fetal fibronectin assay in its ability to predict preterm delivery. (Obstet Gynecol 2003;101:123-8. © 2003 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.)