gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. (2004)

N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide (F2), a novel compound derived from haloperidol, was synthesized by our drugs research lab. The present study aims to evaluate the protective effects of F2 on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo, and to try to find the protective mechanism of F2. The animal model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was established by ligaturing rabbit's left ventricular branch of coronary artery for 40 min and removing the ligation later to reperfuse for 40 min. Different doses of F2 were intravenously injected before the onset of ischemia. The changes of hemodynamics were recorded during the experiment, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), creatine kinase (CK), Ca2+-ATPase, Na+,K+-ATPase and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) of myocardial tissue were detected after reperfusion. Administration of F2 could dose-dependently ameliorate the hemodynamics of ischemia-reperfusion injured myocardium. During the course of reperfusion, MAP, LVSP, +/-dP/dt(max) in all F2 groups were obviously higher than those in the ischemia-reperfusion control group, and LVEDP were lower. F2 could also reduce the production of MDA, and maintain the activities of SOD, Ca2+-ATPase, Na+,K+-ATPase, and minimize the leakage of CK out of myocardial cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that F2 had apparent protective effects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Moving target detection algorithm in image sequences based on edge detection and frame difference (2017)

In order to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional frame-difference method that is used in moving target detection, and to achieve both accurate and robust detection result, a novel approach for moving objects detection based on improved Canny edge detection and adaptive frame difference method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, select the threshold value of three-frame difference method adaptively by using Otsu algorithm, but the edge of target is not continuous enough. And then the boundary of current frame is obtained by using improved Canny operator, the edge information is more accurate, complete and continuous. Finally integrate the two results and use morphological approach to process the isolated noise spot and the hole in the target area, complete the moving target detection. Experimental results show that this algorithm can improve the moving target detection-rate in real-time.
Über die Umwandlung kristallisierten Trioxymethylens zu hochmolekularem Polyoxymethylen (1932)

Article Über die Umwandlung kristallisierten Trioxymethylens zu hochmolekularem Polyoxymethylen was published on February 1, 1932 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 16B, issue 1).
pH and kinetic isotope effects on the oxidative half-reaction of D-amino-acid oxidase. (1994)

D-Amino-acid oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of Damino acids to imino acids. In the oxidative half-reaction, oxygen reacts with the reduced enzyme-imino acid complex to reoxidize the bound FAD. This is then followed by dissociation of the imino acid. The effects of pH and D,O on the kinetics of the oxidative half-reaction of D-amino-acid oxidase have been determined with glycine, D-alanine, and D-serine as substrates. Reaction of the reduced enzyme with oxygen requires that a group with a pK, value of about 10.5 be protonated and a group with a pK, value of 8.5 be deprotonated. The former value i s not seen with D-alanine as substrate; the latter is only seen with glycine. No solvent isotope effects are seen on the V&* value with D-alanine, consistent with rate-limiting electron transfer. Product release involves a pH-dependent conformational change. This is ratelimiting at all pH values with D-alanine as substrate. Significant solvent isotope effects are seen on the V, , value with D-alanine. The proton inventory at high pH is linear, consistent with release of a single proton in the slow step; at pH 6 the solvent inventory is bowl-shaped, consistent with a solvent isotope effect on the conformation of the protein. With glycine the DV value increases to the intrinsic value at pH 10.5; this establishes that CH bond cleavage becomes rate-limiting with this substrate above pH 10.
Polarization-Transmissive Thin-Film Solar Cell with Photodiode Nanowires (2007)

The polarization-transmissive thin-film solar cell, which consists of a 400 nm-wide silicon photodiode-nanowire grid, transmits the light polarized in one direction and generates photocurrent from the light polarized in the other direction. It can efficiently use light in the system which uses polarization. The fabricated device generated 52 nA photocurrent from the 250 muW incident light by a fluorescent light and achieved the extinction-ratio of 4 for the incident light whose wavelength was 675 nm.
Harnessing Regulatory T cells to Suppress Asthma (2010)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in maintaining the homeostatic balance of immune responses. Asthma is an inflammatory condition of the airways that is driven by dysregulated immune responses toward normally innocuous antigens. Individuals with asthma have fewer and less functional Tregs, which may lead to uncontrolled effector cell responses and promote proasthmatic responses of T helper type 2, T helper 17, natural killer T, antigen-presenting, and B cells. Tregs have the capacity to either directly or indirectly suppress these responses. Hence, the induced expansion of functional Tregs in predisposed or individuals with asthma is a potential approach for the prevention and treatment of asthma. Infection by a number of micro-organisms has been associated with reduced prevalence of asthma, and many infectious agents have been shown to induce Tregs and reduce allergic airways disease in mouse models. The translation of the regulatory and therapeutic properties of infectious agents for use in asthma requires the identification of key modulatory components and the development and trial of effective immunoregulatory therapies. Further translational and clinical research is required for the induction of Tregs to be harnessed as a therapeutic strategy for asthma.
Bayesian linear state estimation using smart meters and PMUs measurements in distribution grids (2014)

In this work we address the problem of static state estimation (SE) in distribution grids by leveraging historical meter data (pseudo-measurements) with real-time measurements from synchrophasors (PMU data). We present a Bayesian linear estimator based on a linear approximation of the power flow equations for distribution networks, which is computationally more efficient than standard nonlinear weighted least squares (WLS) estimators. We show via numerical simulations that the proposed strategy performs similarly to the standard WLS estimator on a small distribution network. A key advantage of the proposed approach is that it provides explicit off-line computation of the estimation error confidence intervals, which we use to explore the tradeoffs between number of PMUs, PMU placement and measurement uncertainty. Since the estimation error in distribution systems tends to be dominated by uncertainty in loads and scarcity of instrumented nodes, the linearized method along with the use of high-precision PMUs may be a suitable way to facilitate on-line state estimation where it was previously impractical.
Study of Nd <sup>3+</sup> , Pd <sup>2+</sup> , Pt <sup>4+</sup> , and Fe <sup>3+</sup> dopant effect on photoreactivity of TiO <sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (2002)

The metallorganic chemical vapor deposition method was successfully used to synthesize pure TiO(2) and Nd(3+)-, Pd(2+)-, Pt(4+)-, and Fe(3+)-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles. Polycrystalline TiO(2) structure was verified with x-ray diffraction, which showed typical characteristic anatase reflections without any separate dopant-related peaks. Transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed the existence of homogeneously distributed 22 +/- 3 nm TiO(2) nanoparticles. The particle size remained the same for the doped samples. The doping level of transition metals was kept at approximately 1 atomic percent, which was determined by x-ray photoelectron spectra and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The effects of different types of dopants on the photocatalytic activity were revealed by the degradation of 2-chlorophenols with an UV light source. The photocatalytic efficiency was remarkably enhanced by the introduction of Pd(2+) and Nd(3+). Nd(3+)-doped TiO(2) showed the largest enhancement. However, Pt(4+) changed the 2-chlorophenol degradation rate only slightly, and Fe(3+) was detrimental to this process. These effects were related to the position of the dopants in the nanoparticles and the difference in their ionic radii with respect to that of Ti(4+).
Zika virus infection–associated acute transient polyneuritis (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated with various neurologic complications in adults, including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), transverse myelitis, meningoencephalitis, and ophthalmologic manifestations. Though some of these syndromes may be due to a postinfectious (molecular mimicry) mechanism, a direct viral pathogenic mechanism may be responsible in others. We present 3 cases of a newly described syndrome of ZIKV-associated acute transient polyneuritis. Acknowledgment: The authors thank Dr. Richard Hughes for his comments on this manuscript and acknowledge coauthor Dr. Daniel A. Amitrano who died prior to publication of this article.
A highly linear frequency ramp generator based on a fractional divider phase-locked-loop (1999)

A highly linear analog frequency ramp generator based on a fractional divider concept is presented. The frequency ramp linearity achievable in this fractional phase-locked-loop configuration is better than 10/sup -4/. This value is revealed by numerical simulations as well as by measurements performed. With a prototype synthesizer implemented in a FMCW-radar system suitable for distance and velocity measurements.
Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Therapy (2005)

International Ophthalmology Clinics: Winter 2006 - Volume 46 - Issue 1 - p 151-166 doi: 10.1097/01.iio.0000195852.08453.de
The TFE731-5: Evolution of a Decade of Business Jet Service (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Garrett TFE731-5 turbofan engine was built on the extensive experience gained from earlier models of the TFE731 family. Ten years and five million hours of operating time, combined with the experience gained in manufacturing over 4000 TFE731 engines, served as the basis for the new TFE731-5. This report highlights some of the more important elements that contributed to the design and development of the -5 model.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Special emphasis is placed on subtleties of the actual operational environment, the importance of a well planned and well executed continuing airworthiness program, and the importance of timely field experience feedback to the engine designers and developers.</div>
Numerical analysis of multiple scattering from nonspherical objects (2004)

Numerical analysis of a multiple scattering is very important for radar and antenna applications. A reliable method for analyzing the 3D scattering problem is the Yasuura method. This method is applicable to 3D multiple scattering as well as to single scattering problems. In order to show the effectiveness of the Yasuura method, we apply it to 3D multiple scattering from nonspherical objects. We expand individual scattered fields from each of the objects by spherical vector wave functions written about the origins located inside each of the objects, and express a scattered field as a superposition of the individual fields (Mackowski, D.W., 1994). Furthermore, we re-expand the spherical vector wave functions by using a vector addition theorem in which the functions about one origin are expanded as the functions about another origin (Chew, W.C., 1992; Chew and Wang, Y.M., 1993). By determining the expansion (or unknown) coefficients so as to match the boundary condition on the surface of the objects in a least square sense, we can obtain numerical solutions. As numerical examples, we calculate radar cross sections of two objects as a function of the distance between them, and the near field patterns of three objects.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for malignant brain tumors – Where do we stand? (2015)

Continued research in PDT will determine whether the advances shown will mitigate morbidity and mortality, but certainly the potential for this modality to revolutionize the treatment of brain tumors remains. The various uses for PDT in clinical practice should be pursued.
On maximizing service-level-agreement profits (2001)

We present a methodology for maximizing profits in a general class of e-commerce environments. The cost model is based on revenues that are generated when Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees are satisfied and on penalties that are incurred otherwise. The corresponding QoS criteria are derived from multiclass Service-Level-Agreements (SLAs) between service providers and their clients, which include the tail distributions of the per-class delays in addition to more standard QoS metrics such as throughput and mean delays. Our approach consists of formulating the optimization problem as a network flow model with a separable set of concave objective functions based on queueing-theoretic formulas, where the SLA classes are taken into account in both the constraints and the objective function. This problem is then solved via a fixed-point iteration. Numerous experiments illustrate the benefits of our approach.
Magnetic equivalent circuit modeling of rolling rotor switched reluctance motors (2010)

Rolling rotor switched reluctance motors (RRSRM) are known as exceptional drive systems. Their fundamental operation is characterized by the coupling of electrical, magnetic and mechanical components and the especial operating mode. The rotor is moved eccentrically in the stator. Due to this property an investigation with conventional mode of description is possible only on limited scale. Therefore, this work describes a new approach on the basis of magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method. This method allows the user more possibilities that the finite element method. These investigations on RRSRM are executed on the basis of descriptions which based on the Ohm's and Kirchhoff's law. This modeling method is supported by the object-oriented modeling language Modelica and the simulation environment Dymola. By means of this approach the investigations of heterogeneous physical properties of the motor and a possible area of application will be presented in this paper. This method of description offers the possibility to implement each different physical domain inside the same simulation environment, where the coupling between the different physical domains can be well investigated. This approach will show that there are physical interconnections between the miscellaneous domains that have strong influences on the mode of operation.
Composite Nature of the Stress-Strain Curve of Rubber (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComposite Nature of the Stress-Strain Curve of RubberIRA Williams and B. M. SturgisCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1939, 31, 10, 1303–1306Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50358a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50358a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views316Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
4,5,6,7-Tetrachlorobenzo[<i>d</i>][1,3,2]dioxaborol- 2-ol as an Effective Catalyst for the Amide Condensation of Sterically Demanding Carboxylic Acids (2006)

4,5,6,7-Tetrachlorobenzo[d][1,3,2]dioxaborole (4a) and 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorobenzo[d][1,3,2]dioxaborol-2-ol (4b) are effective catalysts for the dehydrative amide condensation between an equimolar mixture of carboxylic acids and amines. In particular, these catalysts are greatly superior to 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid (1) for the amide condensation of sterically demanding carboxylic acids. In contrast, 4c, which is prepared from a 1:2 molar mixture of B(OH)3 and tetrachlorocatechol, is effective as a Lewis acid-assisted Brønsted acid (LBA) catalyst for Ritter reaction.
Lithium fluoride injection layers can form quasi-Ohmic contacts for both holes and electrons (2014)

Thin LiF interlayers are typically used in organic light-emitting diodes to enhance the electron injection. Here, we show that the effective work function of a contact with a LiF interlayer can be either raised or lowered depending on the history of the applied bias. Formation of quasi-Ohmic contacts for both electrons and holes is demonstrated by electroluminescence from symmetric LiF/polymer/LiF diodes in both bias polarities. The origin of the dynamic switching is charging of electrically induced Frenkel defects. The current density–electroluminescence–voltage characteristics can qualitatively be explained. The interpretation is corroborated by unipolar memristive switching and by bias dependent reflection measurements.
<b>Phosphonium Compounds. III. Mechanism of Hydroxide Cleavage of Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium Chloride</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphonium Compounds. III. Mechanism of Hydroxide Cleavage of Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium ChlorideMartin. GraysonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 1, 79–83Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00884a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00884a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views859Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: CHROMIC ACID ESTERS DERIVED FROM TERTIARY ALCOHOLS (1976)

Abstract Feste Alkohole reagieren mit CrO 3 in essigsaurer Lösung oder mit Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 in Eisessig und flüssige Alkohole mit wasserfreiem CrO 3 in Pentan bei Raumtemperatur unter Bildung der Ester (I) bis (III).
Gas plume species identification by regression analyses (2004)

Identification of constituent gases in effluent plumes is performed using linear least-squares regression techniques. Overhead thermal hyperspectral imagery is used for this study. Synthetic imagery is employed as the test-case for algorithm development. Synthetic images are generated by the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) Model. The use of synthetic data provides a direct measure of the success of the algorithm through the comparison with truth map outputs. In image test-cases, plumes emanating from factory stacks will have been identified using a separate detection algorithm. The gas identification algorithm being developed in this work will then be used only on pixels having been determined to contain the plume. Stepwise linear regression is considered in this study. Stepwise regression is attractive for this application as only those gases truly in the plume will be present in the final model. Preliminary results from the study show that stepwise regression is successful at correctly identifying the gases present in a plume. Analysis of the results indicates that the spectral overlap of absorption features in different gas species leads to false identifications.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Sense Three Dimensional Type I Collagen through Discoidin Domain Receptor 1. (2009)

The extracellular matrix provides structural and organizational cues for tissue development and defines and maintains cellular phenotype during cell fate determination. Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells use this matrix to tightly regulate the balance between their differentiation potential and self-renewal in the native niche. When understood, the mechanisms that govern cell-matrix crosstalk during differentiation will allow for efficient engineering of natural and synthetic matrices to specifically direct and maintain stem cell phenotype. This work identifies the discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a collagen activated receptor tyrosine kinase, as a potential link through which stem cells sense and respond to the 3D organization of their extracellular matrix microenvironment. DDR1 is dependent upon both the structure and proteolytic state of its collagen ligand and is specifically expressed and localized in three dimensional type I collagen culture. Inhibition of DDR1 expression results in decreased osteogenic potential, increased cell spreading, stress fiber formation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Additionally, loss of DDR1 activity alters the cell-mediated organization of the naïve type I collagen matrix. Taken together, these results demonstrate a role for DDR1 in the stem cell response to and interaction with three dimensional type I collagen. Dynamic changes in cell shape in 3D culture and the tuning of the local ECM microstructure, directs crosstalk between DDR1 and two dimensional mechanisms of osteogenesis that can alter their traditional roles.
Advanced Methods for Mobile Retroreflectivity Measurement of Pavement Marking (2011)

This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project developed and demonstrated the use of a prototype mobile unit for rapid and reliable measurement of marked pavement reflectivity. This final report describes the design, building, and testing of this prototype, referred to as the Leetron Mobile Retro-reflectometer Unit (MRU). The Leetron MRU invention provides an innovative method of tracking measurements in real time that mitigates the effects of road vibration and surface roughness. A laser is aimed at the center of the pavement marking and a feedback loop is used to readjust the aim point as the vehicle travels at highway speeds.