gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Illumination-Enhanced Hysteresis of Transistors Based on Carbon Nanotube Networks (2009)

The hysteresis in single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) transistors comprising Si backgate (SiO2 on doped Si) is normally attributed to either carrier injections from SWNTs to their surroundings or the presence of charge traps at a Si−SiO2 interface. We show that the hysteresis in SWNT transistors with a nearly trap-free Si backgate is thermally activated (activation energy Ea ∼ 129−184 meV) in a dark ambient condition, and it is attributed to hole trappings at the SiO2 surfaces proximate to SWNTs. Photon-illumination on the SWNT transistor devices with thin SiO2 dielectrics (80 nm) results in the ON-current increase due to the effective gating from the photovoltage generated at the Si−SiO2 interface. The light-induced simultaneous enhancement of ON-current and hysteresis suggests that the illumination-enhanced hysteresis is due to the photovoltage-activated hole trapping process on SiO2 surfaces.
Activation and <i>De Novo</i> Synthesis of Hydrogenase in <i>Chlamydomonas</i> (1984)

Two distinct processes are involved in the formation of active hydrogenase during anaerobic adaptation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. In the first 30 minutes of anaerobiosis, nearly all of the hydrogenase activity can be attributed to activation of a constituitive polypeptide precursor, based on the insensitivity of the process to treatment with cycloheximide (15 micrograms per milliliter). This concentration of cycloheximide inhibits protein synthesis by greater than 98%. After the initial activation period, de novo protein synthesis plays a critical role in the adaptation process since cycloheximide inhibits the expression of hydrogense in maximally adapted cells by 70%. Chloramphenicol (500 micrograms per milliliter) has a much lesser effect on the adaptation process.Incubation of cell-free extracts under anaerobic conditions in the presence of dithionite, dithiothreitol, NADH, NADP, ferredoxin, ATP, Mg(2+), Ca(2+), and iron does not lead to active hydrogenase formation. Futhermore, in vivo reactivation of oxygen-inactivated hydrogenase does not appear to take place.The adaptation process is very sensitive to the availability of iron. Iron-deficient cultures lose the ability to form active hydrogenase before growth, photosynthesis, and respiration are significantly affected. Preincubation of iron-deficient cells with iron 2 hours prior to the adaptation period fully restores the capacity of the cells to synthesize functional hydrogenase.
Surface‐emitting lasers of low‐threshold 1.3‐μm GaInAsP/InP circular planar‐buried heterostructure (1994)

Abstract The GaInAsP/InP circular planar‐buried heterostructure is a promising structure to realize a low‐threshold 1.3‐μm surface‐emitting laser for continuous operation at room temperature. In the conventional regrowth process, pinholes which depend on the crystalline orientation of the circular active region tend to occur, resulting in the increase of nonradiative current. As a result, it has been difficult to achieve room temperature oscillation. To solve this problem, the planar‐buried structure which could be formed by one liquid‐phase epitaxial step without using a mask was adopted to fabricate mesa‐type surface‐emitting lasers. As a result, the reproducibility in forming the buried structure was improved and the non‐radiative current decreased. the resultant devices showed stable electrical and optical characteristics. When the laser cavity was formed by using SiO 2 /Si dielectric multilayer mirrors, continuous oscillation was observed at 77 K and the threshold currents of 15 devices were lower than 15 mA. the lowest threshold current was 2.2 mA. In the room‐temperature pulse operation, the threshold current was 34 mA, the lowest among the values ever reported. Pulse oscillation was observed at 45°C and continuous operation was observed even at −57°C. If reflecting mirrors with a high thermal conductivity are introduced, the temperature for continuous operation will increase and it will be possible to realize continuous operation at room temperature.
‚Haltlose Mädchen’ und ‚halbstarke Burschen’ Jugend, Jugendfürsorge und Geschlecht (2002)

Otto Eißfeldt, Direktor der Erziehungsanstalt Wilhelmstift, hatte zwischen 1910 und 1918 in einem Album all die Fotos zusammengetragen, die ihm von seinen ehemaligen Zöglingen zugeschickt worden waren.1 Über 150 Porträts finden sich in dieser Sammlung, oftmals mit kurzem Gruß versehen, und sie alle bemühen sich, ein gelungenes Erwachsenwerden zu dokumentieren. Wir sehen Soldaten vor ihren Kasernen oder im Feld, wir sehen gut gekleidete junge Herren mit Uhrkette, Krawatte und Siegelring sowie Bäcker, Zimmerleute und Maler in ihrer Berufstracht, sogar einen frisch promovierten Doktor, einen jungen Mann vor seinem neuen Fahrrad, einen Häuslebauer vor dem Rohbau seines Hauses. Wir sehen die ehemaligen Zöglinge als Verlobte, Ehemänner und Familienväter. Unter den Fotos finden sich auch einige Bilder von Frauen, die einmal im Wilhelmstift erzogen worden waren: Sie präsentieren sich in ihrem guten Kleid, eine mit einem Buch in der Hand, eine andere in Schwesterntracht und eine mit den Kindern ihrer Dienstherrschaft. Es sind Bilder von kleinbürgerlichen, ordentlichen jungen Frauen — nur eine balanciert einen etwas zu groß geratenen Hut auf dem Kopf, der ein wenig über den Stand hinausweisen will. Insgesamt stammen von den gut 150 Porträts nur 12 von weiblichen Ehemaligen.
TIRE PERFORMANCE: AN OPTIMUM BALANCE APPROACH (1984)

This article discusses an optimum balance design technique for arriving at the best possible compromise in wet traction, dry traction, rolling resistance, and tread wear. Correlation or regression models of each property versus the independent variables, Tan delta and Shore A hardness, are developed. On a scale of 0-100, the optimum balance approach provided only a 61 overall goodness rating, which emphasizes the compromises that must be made when simultaneously trying to optimize these properties.
Malpractice in the intensive care unit : editorial (2011)

Error in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a well-documented and common problem. This is understandable when one looks at the complexity of critical illness combined with the range of invasive and potentially dangerous interventions that are routinely used there. Until recently medical malpractice claims arising from alleged mismanagement in the ICU were rare, but there has been an increase in such claims in South Africa, with several High Court cases currently pending. The old assumption that intensive care saves lives and any injury or mishap that occurs in the process is therefore 'par for the course' no longer holds sway.
[Heterogeneities in intracellular Ca2+ pools among different arterial smooth muscle cells and its possible role in vascular reactivities in rat]. (1996)

The differences in intracellular Ca2+ pool capacities, the mutual relations between different agonist-sensitive Ca2+ pools (ASCaP) and between ASCaP and caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ pool (CSCaP), and the possible role of Ca2+ pool capacity in vascular reactivities in different isolated artery rings of rat in Ca(2+)-free media were studied by using the tension of vascular smooth muscle as an indicator of Ca2+ release. The study showed the following findings: (1) the Ca2+ pools were significantly different in capacities in different arteries (renal artery > mesenteric artery > caudal artery > aorta > pulmonary artery); (2) different ASCaPs were partially "overlapped", i.e., when one ASCaP was depleted, other kind of agonist could still induce a small but significant Ca2+ release; (3) the CSCaP was present in all the arteries tested, but it was not the same pool with the ASCaP; (4) there were no high-K+ depolarization-induced Ca2+ release in all the arteries tested and (5) there was a positive correlation between the maximal contraction (Emax expressed as mg force/mg muscle wet weight) and the Ca2+ pool capacities, suggesting that there is a role of Ca2+ pool capacities in the vascular contractilities.
Pharmacy sub-study of the Alzheimer Disease Waiver Evaluation (2005)

The theoretical approaches vary in their theoretical grounding, specificity and empirical support. AAI-based research on attachment and eating disorders is still at an early stage. More advanced studies are required for the field to move forward.
Wintering, grazing, and fattening heifers; Wintering heifer calves to be fattened for the fall market. (2012)

Twenty good quality Hereford heifer calves, 10 head to a lot, we're\nused in this study. They originated in the vicinity of Pueblo, Colo., and\nwere delivered to Manhattan, Kan., for 18.5 cents a pound. About one\nweek after arrival, they were branded and vaccinated. One week later,\nDecember 17, 1953, they were started on test.\nThe system of management planned for each lot follows:\nLot 7-wintered on dry bluestem pasture supplemented with 1 to\n2 pounds of cottonseed cake per head daily; grazed on bluestem pasture\nMay 1 to July 15; full fed in drylot 100 days.\nLot 8-Wintered in drylot on Atlas sorgo silage. 1 pound of cottonseed\nmeal, and 2 pounds of milo grain per head daily; grazed on bluestem\npasture May 1 to July 15; full fed in drylot 100 days. \nA bonemeal and salt mixture was offered free choice to all lots.\nLot 8 was fed 1 pound of cottonseed cake per head daily all winter,\nexcept during March and the first part of April, when the cake was increased\nto 2 pounds per head daily.
Evaluation of the RIM-N, Gonochek II, and Phadebact systems for the identification of pathogenic Neisseria spp. and Branhamella catarrhalis (1985)

Methods for identifying Neisseria spp. include conventional and modified carbohydrate degradation procedures, chromogenic enzyme substrate tests, and immunologic coagglutination tests for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In this study, we evaluated the abilities of the RIM-N carbohydrate degradation system (American MicroScan, Campbell, Calif.), the Gonochek II enzymatic identification system (Du Pont Co., Wilmington, Del.), and the Phadebact Gonococcus coagglutination test (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, N.J.) to identify pathogenic Neisseria spp. and Branhamella catarrhalis. Both stock strains and clinical isolates, including 176 N. gonorrhoeae, 173 Neisseria meningitidis, 48 Neisseria lactamica, and 12 B. catarrhalis strains, were tested. The RIM-N identified 98% of the gonococci, 99% of the meningococci, 94% of the N. lactamica strains, and 100% of the B. catarrhalis strains within 1 h. The Gonochek II system identified 99% of the gonococci, 97% of the meningococci, 100% of the N. lactamica strains, and 100% of the B. catarrhalis strains within 30 min. Phadebact coagglutination provided clearly positive results for only 77% of the N. gonorrhoeae strains, producing negative or equivocal results with 23% of the strains. The RIM-N and Gonocheck II tests generally produced clear-cut reactions. An additional advantage of the Gonocheck II system was the small inoculum required for the performance of the test compared with the other systems, thus allowing the identification of N. gonorrhoeae directly from the primary isolation medium.
Osmotic pressures of solutions of ATP and catecholamines relating to storage in chromaffin granules. (1982)

The chromaffin granule, which is the catecholamine storage organelle of the adrenal medulla, contains at least 0.73 M ions, yet it is isotonic with 0.3 osM solutions. One hypothesis which accounts for this disparity is formation of a complex between major constituents of the granule: the catecholamines, the proteins, and the ATP. In this paper we show by vapor pressure osmometry, which affords a direct measure of colligative properties, that ATP-catecholamine mixtures form highly nonideal solutions. At 37 degrees C, solutions containing 0.6 M epinephrine and 0.15 M ATP show an effective osmotic pressure of only 0.25 osM. The existence of polymeric complexes is implied by the fact that the increase of osmotic pressure with increasing concentrations of ATP and catecholamine falls off substantially at concentrations approaching those in the chromaffin granules. Neither inorganic ions nor calcium chelators cause regain of ideal colligative behavior. Osmotic measurements on model compounds suggest that the primary interaction is between the phosphate and amino groups. There is also evidence that the effects are not wholly due to the formation of discrete complexes; factors of nonideal solution behavior also play a role in lowering the osmotic pressure. These observations show that the stability of the chromaffin granule in situ can be accounted for, perhaps entirely, by spontaneous interactions among nucleotides and catecholamines.
Demonstration and Distribution of Phenylethanolamine in Brain and Other Tissues (1973)

A specific and sensitive assay for phenylethanolamine in tissues is described. By this assay, phenylethanolamine was detected in many peripheral tissues and brains of rats. It is unequally distributed in rat brain, with the highest concentration present in hypothalamus and midbrain. Concentrations of brain phenylethanolamine were elevated after administration of phenylethylamine, phenylalanine, p-chlorophenylalanine, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors and decreased after administration of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitors. Denervation of sympathetic nerves caused a moderate fall in phenylethanolamine concentrations. These results indicate that phenylethanolamine is synthesized intraneuronally from phenylalanine and phenylethylamine, but that only part of the phenylethanolamine is stored in sympathetic nerves.
Coverage and capacity optimization in LTE network based on non-cooperative games (2012)

至于提供最佳的范围和能力表演，支持 high-data-rate 服务和减少为操作员的大写的开销和运作的开销( OPEX )( CAPEX )，范围和能力优化( CCO )是在长期的进化( LTE )的关键使用盒子之一组织工会网络(儿子)。在 LTE 系统，一些因素(例如负担，交通类型，用户分发， uplink 力量设定的、内部房间的干扰，等等) 限制范围和能力性能。从单个房间的看法，它总是，追求由优化 uplink 力量背景和 intra 房间资源分配最大化范围和能力的性能，但是它可以导致减少它的邻居房间的表演。因此，每个房间的利益冲突对方。以便折衷每个房间的利益并且最大化整个网络的表演，这份报纸基于非合作的比赛建议一个多房间 uplink 力量分配计划。做 uplink 的协商平衡的范围和能力的性能的计划目的在多房间之中驱动参数。每个房间的性能能因此到达纳什平衡，使减少由设置一个适当 uplink 力量参数的内部房间的干扰可行。最后，模拟结果证明建议算法能有效地在 LTE 网络提高范围和能力的表演。
Synthesis of a new series of purine derivatives and their anti‐cyclin‐dependent kinase activities (2001)

Abstract The synthesis of new purine derivatives designed to inhibit cell cycle regulating cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), is reported. These compounds, related to olomoucine and roscovitine, are characterised by the presence of apyrrolidine methanol substituent at C‐2 and a variety of ortho, meta and/or para substituents on the C‐6 arylamino group.
A new philosophy for teaching advanced organic chemistry: Representative laboratory experiment: Stereoselective reduction of a chiral iminium ion (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new philosophy for teaching advanced organic chemistry: Representative laboratory experiment: Stereoselective reduction of a chiral iminium ionRichard P. Polniaszek Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 11, 970Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1989Published inissue 1 November 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ed066p970RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Enrichment of immunoglobulin binding Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes using anti-immunoglobulin-coated magnetic beads. (1998)

It has been shown that nonimmune, human immunoglobulins are bound to the surface of certain strains of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. We describe a novel way of enriching parasitized red blood cells (pRBC) for immunoglobulin binding/rosette formation using Dynabeads coated with antibodies raised against human immunoglobulins. Whole P. falciparum cultures were mixed with the precoated beads for approximately 120 min at room temperature, and the bound pRBC were isolated by magnetic force. The nonbound cell fraction contained ring-infected pRBC, immunoglobulin-negative, trophozoite-infected pRBC, and uninfected erythrocytes. A consistent elevation in the immunofluorescence and rosette formation rates of 100% and 86% respectively, was detected after the first enrichment and subcultivation. Protein A or G were also found to support binding of pRBC through surface-expressed immunoglobulin. The Dynabead technique is a novel way of enriching pRBC based on the immunoglobulin-binding capacity of the infected erythrocyte.
Podophyllotoxins: Current Status and Recent Developments (1998)

Podophyllotoxin is a natural product isolated from Podophyllum peltatum and Podophyllum emodi and has long been known to possess medicinal properties. Etoposide (VP-16), a podophyllotoxin derivative, is currently in clinical use in the treatment of many cancers, particularly small cell lung carcinoma and testicular cancer. This compound arrests cell growth by inhibiting DNA topo-isomerase II, which causes double strand breaks in DNA. VP-16 does not inhibit tubulin polymerization, however, its parent compound, podophyllotoxin, which has no inhibitory activity against DNA topoisomerase II, is a potent inhibitor of microtubule assembly. In addition to these two mechanisms of action, an unknown third mechanism of action has also been proposed for some of the recent modifications of podophyllotoxins. Owing to its severe toxic side effects a number of modifications have been done on podophyllotoxin structure. Some of the congeners exhibited potent antitumor actiivity, of which etoposide and teniposide are in clinical use, NK 611 is in phase II clinical trials and many compounds are in the same line. Recent developments on podophyllotoxins have led structure-activity correlations which have assisted in the design and synthesis of new podophyllotoxin derivatives of potential antitumor activity. Modification of the A-ring gave compounds having significant activity but less than that of etoposide, whereas modification of the B-ring resulted in the loss of activity. One of the modifications in the D-ring produced GP-11 which is almost equipotent with etoposide. E-ring oxygenation did not affect the DNA cleavage which led to the postulation of the third mechanism of action. It has also been observed that free rotation of E-ring is necessary for the antitumor activity. The C4-substituted aglycones have a significant place in these recent developments. Epipodophyllotoxin conjugates with DNA cleaving agents such as distamycin increased the number of sites of cleavage. The substitution of a glycosidic moiety with arylamines produced enhanced activity. Modification in the sugar ring resulted in the development of the agent, NK 611 which is in clinical trial at present. This article review, the progress of podophyllotoxins from its early applications in folk medicine to the most recent modifications and the mechanism(s) of action, pharmacology and the structure-activity relationships.
Sensorless position detection of a linear actuator using the resonance frequency (2009)

This paper presents a method to detect the position of a linear actuator without any position sensor. The actuator winding has a resonance frequency that is very related to the position of the linear actuator Pmoving part. A sinusoidal scan voltage is superposed to the main voltage. Its frequency is close to the resonance frequency and therefore it is possible to measure the resulting scan current amplitude that allows position detection.
Review of Process and Non-invasive Near-Infrared and Infrared Spectroscopy: 1993–1999 (1999)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author gratefully acknowledges the assistant of Mary Sutliff of Kimberly-Clark Corp. West Research and Engineering Library with the literature searches for this review.
The influence of transport on the kinetics of binding to surface receptors: application to cells and BIAcore (1999)

Accurate estimation of biomolecular reaction rates from binding data, when ligands in solution bind to receptors on the surfaces of cells or biosensors, requires an understanding of the contributions of both molecular transport and reaction. Efficient estimation of parameters requires relatively simple models. In this review, we give conditions under which various transport effects are negligible and identify simple binding models that incorporate the effects of transport, when transport cannot be neglected. We consider effects of diffusion of ligands to cell or biosensor surfaces, flow in a BIAcore biosensor, and distribution of receptors in a dextran layer above the sensor surface. We also give conditions under which soluble receptors can be expected to compete effectively with surface-bound receptors.
Development of low cost, low temperature conductive adhesives (2002)

Electrically and/or thermally conductive materials comprising metallic filler particles and polymer matrix have been actively investigated as replacements for the solder interconnections used in microelectronic applications. Silver-filled epoxy resin materials originally developed for thermal conduction in die attach applications have been candidates for this purpose. However, several limitations have been realized when they are considered as a replacement for solder interconnections, such as low electrical conductivity, low joint strength, increase in contact resistance upon thermal cycling, lack of reworkability, and silver migration. In order to overcome these limitations, a new formulation has been developed based on alternative high conducting filler particles and tailored polymer resins. The high conducting filler particles are coated with low melting point, non-toxic metals or alloys which can be fused to achieve metallurgical bonding between adjacent particles as well as particles to the substrate contacts. Specifically, an electrically conductive adhesive made of Sn-coated Cu powder and polyimide-siloxane resin was developed, and their salient properties were reported previously. This material is a good candidate for the high temperature solder joints such as controlled collapse chip connection (C4) and solder ball connection (SEC) to a ceramic substrate, but not for the polymeric printed circuit board applications.