gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Realtime Fraud Detection in the Banking Sector Using Data Mining Techniques/Algorithm (2016)

The banking sector is a very important sector in our present day generation where almost every human has to deal with the bank either physically or online. In dealing with the banks, the customers and the banks face the chances of been trapped by fraudsters. Examples of fraud include insurance fraud, credit card fraud, accounting fraud, etc. Detection of fraudulent activity is thus critical to control these costs. This paper hereby addresses bank fraud detection via the use of data-mining techniques, association, clustering, forecasting, and classification to analyze the customer data in order to identify the patterns that can lead to frauds. Upon identification of the patterns, adding a higher level of verification/authentication to banking processes can be added.
Carbene Complexes of Rhodium and Iridium from Tripodal N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands:  Synthesis and Catalytic Properties (2004)

Two tripodal trisimidazolium ligand precursors have been tested in the synthesis of new N-heterocyclic carbene rhodium and iridium complexes. [Tris(3-methylbenzimidazolium-1-yl)]methane sulfate gave products with coordination of the decomposed precursor. [1,1,1-Tris(3-butylimidazolium-1-yl)methyl]ethane trichloride (TIMEH(3)(Bu)) coordinated to the metal in a chelate and bridged-chelate form, depending on the reaction conditions. The crystal structures of two of the products are described. The compounds resulting from the coordination with TIME(Bu) were tested in the catalytic hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes.
Correlation Between Auto-antibodies to Survivin and MUC1 Variable Number Tandem Repeats in Colorectal Cancer (2012)

A significant positive correlation was found between levels of specific antibodies against survivin and MUC1 VNTR in the serum of CRC patients (r=0.3652, P<0.0001), suggesting that vaccines against both targets would elicit immune responses more effectively.
Provent therapy for obstructive sleep apnea: Impact of nasal obstruction (2015)

In this study, Provent therapy had a high failure rate. Patients without nasal obstruction showed greater improvements using Provent than patients with obstruction. Correction of nasal obstruction may be a useful prerequisite for treatment with Provent.
A novel technique for the preparation of secondary fatty amides II: The preparation of ricinoleamide from castor oil (1993)

The butyl amide of ricinoleic acid (N‐ n ‐butyl‐12‐hydroxy‐(9 Z )‐octadecenamide) was prepared from a neat mixture of castor oil and n ‐butylamine (fatty ester/amine molar ratio, 1:1.3). No catalyst was required. The identity and purity of the amide was assessed by thin‐layer chromatography and confirmed by elemental analysis and by infrared and C 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. High product yields were achieved at 45 and 65°C in 48 and 20 h, respectively. The reaction was inhibited by the addition of trimethylpentane and dioxane, but not by water. An attempt was made to prepare the amide from methyl ricinoleate, rather than castor oil; even after 10 d only partial conversion was achieved. Attempts to prepare the amide from methyl‐ n ‐butylamine, rather than n ‐butylamine, were also unsuccessful. The ease with which secondary fatty amides can be produced from an oil that consists primarily of the glycerol esters of hydroxylated fatty acids indicates that the described procedure has industrial utility.
Core-Substituted Naphthalene Bisimides: New Fluorophors with Tunable Emission Wavelength for FRET Studies (2002)

Highly colored and photoluminescent naphthalene bisimide dyes have been synthesized from 2,6-dichloronaphthalene bisanhydride 1 by means of a stepwise nucleophilic displacement of the two chlorine atoms by alkoxides and/or alkyl amines. The alkoxy-substituted derivatives are yellow dyes with green emission and low photoluminescence quantum yields, whereas the amine-substituted derivatives exhibit a color range from red to blue with strong photoluminescence up to 76%. Structure-property relationships for this class of two-dimensional chromophores were evaluated based on a single-crystal X-ray analysis for dye 5a, the observed solvatochromism, and quantum-chemical calculations. Owing to the simple tuning of the absorption properties over the whole visible range by the respective substituents, the pronounced brilliancy, and the intense photoluminescence, this class of dyes is considered to be highly suited for numerous applications such as fluorescent labeling of biomacromolecules and light-harvesting in supramolecular assemblies. As an important step towards such applications efficient FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) has been demonstrated for a covalently tethered bichromophoric compound that contains a red and a blue naphthalene bisimide dye.
Using corner reflectors and X-band SAR interferometry for slope instability monitoring (2012)

The application of multi-temporal differential SAR interferometric analysis to slope instability monitoring poses challenges related to the complex kinematics of the phenomenon, as well as to the unfavourable settings of the area affected by landslides, often occurring on sites of limited extension, characterized by steep topography and variable vegetation cover. The use of passive reflectors allows to extend the stability monitoring on areas lacking natural coherent reflectors. The present work discusses the problematic aspects of design and deployment of a corner reflector network, and presents preliminary results obtained on the Carlantino village in the Daunia Apennines (Italy) by using X-band TerraSAR-X data.
A compact dual-polarized 8.51-GHz rectenna for high-voltage (50 V) actuator applications (2000)

This paper describes a dual-polarized rectenna capable of producing a 50-V output voltage that can be used for driving mechanical actuators. This study demonstrates a circuit topology that allows the output of multiple rectenna elements to be combined in order to step up the output voltage. In this paper, an independent rectifying circuit is used for each of two orthogonal polarizations. By proper combination, the output voltage is doubled over that of the single polarization case. Such panels are being explored for use on the next-generation space telescope to eliminate wiring between actuators and provide for true mechanical isolation.
On the length, weight and GC content of the human genome (2019)

The male nuclear diploid genome extends for 6.27 Gigabase pairs (Gbp), is 205.00 cm (cm) long and weighs 6.41 picograms (pg). Female values are 6.37 Gbp, 208.23 cm, 6.51 pg. The individual variability and the implication for the DNA informational density in terms of bits/volume were discussed. The genomic GC content is 40.9%. Following analysis in different transcriptomes and species, we showed that the greatest deviation was observed in the pathological condition analysed (trisomy 21 leukaemic cells) and in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results may represent a solid basis for further investigation on human structural and functional genomics while also providing a framework for other genome comparative analysis.
PURE: Treatment and Control of Hypertension (2012)

Hypertension is a global epidemic; yet rates of awareness, treatment, and control are lower than expected around the world, according to the results of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology [PURE] study. The overall prevalence of hypertension was approximately 41%, with fewer than half of people with hypertension being aware of the diagnosis or being treated for it, and only 13% of those with a diagnosis of hypertension having controlled blood pressure.
Intermediate-sized filaments of the prekeratin type in myoepithelial cells. (1980)

Myoepithelial cells from mammary glands, the modified sweat glands of bovine muzzle, and salivary glands have been studied by electron microscopy and by immunofluorescence microscopy in frozen sections in an attempt to further characterize the type of intermediate-sized filaments present in these cells. Electron microscopy has shown that all myoepithelial cells contain extensive meshworks of intermediate-sized (7--11-nm) filaments, many of which are anchored at typical desmosomes or hemidesmosomes. The intermediate-sized filaments are also intimately associated with masses of contractile elements, identified as bundles of typical 5--6-nm microfilaments and with characteristically spaced dense bodies. This organization resembles that described for various smooth muscle cells. In immunofluorescence microscopy, using antibodies specific for the various classes of intermediate-sized filaments, the myoepithelial cells are strongly decorated by antibodies to prekeratin. They are not specifically stained by antibodies to vimentin, which stain mesenchymal cells, nor by antibodies to chick gizzard desmin, which decorate fibrils in smooth muscle Z bands and intercalated disks in skeletal and cardiac muscle of mammals. Myoepithelial cells are also strongly stained by antibodies to actin. The observations show (a) that the epithelial character, as indicated by the presence of intermediate-sized filaments of the prekeratin type, is maintained in the differentiated contractile myoepithelial cell, and (b) that desmin and desmin-containing filaments are not generally associated with musclelike cell specialization for contraction but are specific to myogenic differentiation. The data also suggest that in myoepithelial cells prekeratin filaments are arranged--and might function--in a manner similar to the desmin filaments in smooth muscle cells.
Increased severity of renal impairment in nephritic mice lacking the EP<sub>1</sub> receptor (2006)

In experimental glomerulonephritis, inhibition of renal prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) moderates proteinuria, yet can induce harmful effects on renal blood flow and Na+ - K+ - water balance thereby implicating 1 or more prostanoid receptor subtypes. We investigated the role of the PGE2 EP1 receptor in nephritis since it is expressed in the glomerulus, collecting duct and vasculature in which its activity might contribute to adaptive or maladaptive responses. Accordingly, a mouse model of accelerated antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis was induced in mice with targeted-deletion of the EP1 receptor (EP1-/-). Proteinuria was similar between wild-type (wt) and EP1-/- NTS groups, thus negating a role for this subtype in modulating the glomerular permeability barrier in this model of anti-GBM NTS. However, overall renal damage was more acute in NTS EP1-/- mice, as evidenced by the degree of glomerular mesangial matrix expansion and the frequency of tubular dilatations. These changes in renal pathology were accompanied by stronger impairment of renal function in NTS EP1-/- mice, such that levels of serum creatinine, urea, Na+, and K+ were each significantly higher than those observed in NTS wt mice. Lastly, compared with wt mice, induction of NTS more severely reduced urine osmolality and body mass in EP1-/- mice. Taken together, the increased renal impairment seen in NTS EP1-/- mice suggests that the EP1 subtype plays a compensatory role in the context of acute nephritis.
Optic Parameters of a Middle-Focus Kumakhov Lens for Hard X-rays (2005)

Middle-focus Kumakhov polycapillary lenses for hard X-ray optic systems are created for the first time. The performance of such a lens has been studied for X-rays in the 20–65 keV range. The radiation energy density amplification coefficient of the lens in this energy range falls within four to two orders of magnitude. Thus, the upper boundary of the energy range for effective use of the Kumakhov polycapillary X-ray optics has been increased to over 60 keV.
[Enzymatic activities of recombinant human NAMPT and NAMPT (H247A) proteins]. (2011)

The recombinant hNAMPT and hNAMPT (H247A) proteins have been successful prepared and purified. The H247A mutation dramatically decreases the enzymatic activity of NAMPT.
A Review on Industrial Augmented Reality Systems for the Industry 4.0 Shipyard (2018)

Shipbuilding companies are upgrading their inner workings in order to create Shipyards 4.0, where the principles of Industry 4.0 are paving the way to further digitalized and optimized processes in an integrated network. Among the different Industry 4.0 technologies, this paper focuses on augmented reality, whose application in the industrial field has led to the concept of industrial augmented reality (IAR). This paper first describes the basics of IAR and then carries out a thorough analysis of the latest IAR systems for industrial and shipbuilding applications. Then, in order to build a practical IAR system for shipyard workers, the main hardware and software solutions are compared. Finally, as a conclusion after reviewing all the aspects related to IAR for shipbuilding, it proposed an IAR system architecture that combines cloudlets and fog computing, which reduce latency response and accelerate rendering tasks while offloading compute intensive tasks from the cloud.
MRI by steering resonance through space (2013)

STEREO represents a substantial departure from conventional MRI in which spins contained in the sample, slab, or slice are excited synchronously. By exciting spins sequentially along a curved spatial trajectory, STEREO in principle affords a unique opportunity to adjust for spatial variations in static and radiofrequency fields. By adjusting field amplitudes and frequencies in a temporal manner in STEREO, in future works it should be possible to perform MRI with highly inhomogeneous fields.
Location Analytics as a Service: Providing Insights for Heterogeneous Spatiotemporal Data (2015)

The increasing availability of positioning data from mobile devices facilitates new opportunities for location analytics systems, which provide insights into the movement behavior of targets across various localities. Similar to web analytics systems, positioning data can be utilized to count, for example, returning visitors in venues, calculate visit frequencies for certain time intervals, or to identify typical movement paths for different groups of visitors inside and outside buildings. However, a major challenge for location analytics is still to deal with the heterogeneity of data from various positioning systems. In thispaper we present a platform that enables location analytics as a service and copes with the heterogeneous spatiotemporal data of diverse accuracy, frequency, and coverage. Furthermore, it allows to query large positioning datasets according to various data dimensions and metrics. In an additional four-month field trial the applicability of our approach was reviewed using the example of WLAN positioning data from an office environment.
Time-resolved spectroscopic studies of the photochemistry of some diphenylgermylene (Ph<sub>2</sub>Ge:) precursors (2005)

The photochemistry of diphenylbis(trimethylsilyl)germane (2a) and 1,4-dihydro-5-methyl-1,2,3,4,9,9-hexaphenyl-1,4-germanonaphthalene (11) has been studied in solution by steady-state and laser flash photolysis methods with a view to detecting the transient germylene derivative diphenylgermylene (Ph 2 Ge), which has previously been shown to be the major product of photolysis of 2a and a closely related derivative of 11. Steady-state trapping experiments confirm the formation of Ph 2 Ge as the major germanium containing primary product in both cases; with 2a, the results indicate that other transient species are also formed in minor yields, including phenyl(trimethylsilyl)germylene (Ph(TMS)Ge, ca. 6%) and diphenyl(trimethylsilyl)germyl radicals (Ph 2 (TMS)Ge, ≥15%). Laser flash photolysis of 2a in deoxy genated hexane solution yields a complex mixture of overlapping transient absorptions, which is shown to be comprised of Ph 2 Ge, tetraphenyldigermene (15) and its oligomerization products, and another species with spectral characteristics similar to the Ph 2 (TMS)Ge radical. The latter has been independently generated by hydrogen abstraction from diphenyl(trimethylsilyl)germane by tert-butoxyl radicals. Compound 11 extrudes Ph 2 Ge more cleanly and efficiently upon photolysis in solution, yet laser flash photolysis affords excited triplet and triplet-derived species as the only detectable transient products; interpretation of the results for this compound is made difficult by its slow thermal decomposition to 5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. It is concluded that in spite of the fact that both 2a and 11 afford Ph 2 Ge in high yield upon photolysis, they are poor precursors for study of the species in solution by time-resolved UVvis methods, owing to the formation of other, more strongly absorbing transient products than Ph 2 Ge, whose lowest energy absorption is characteristically weak.Key words: germylene, germyl radical, flash photolysis, disilylgermane, photochemistry.
Effect of local density changes on the failure load of the proximal femur (1999)

Hip fracture among the elderly is a large and growing public health issue. Presently, all therapies approved for treatment and prevention of osteoporosis involve pharmacological agents that act systemically. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of preventing osteoporotic hip fractures with local, rather than systemic, therapy. Our hypothesis is that local therapy to increase bone density may be as effective as systemic therapy in reducing fracture risk. Thus, the goal of this investigation was to use finite element analyses to study the effect of a localized increase in bone density on the strength of an osteopenic, human femur. Finite element predictions of the failure load were made after increasing the bone density within small regions in the proximal femur. The outcome variable from these analyses was the predicted load required to break a femur in a simulated fall to the side with impact on the greater trochanter. Increasing the density by 25% relative to baseline values in a small region (0.86 cm3) of the femoral neck increased the predicted failure load by 6.2%. The same density increase in a much larger region (4.92 cm3) increased the failure load by 15%. Inclusion of more than one region of increased density provided little additional benefit. In comparison, when the density of the entire femur was increased by 5% relative to baseline values, the predicted failure load increased by 5.4%. These findings suggest that agents capable of inducing increased bone density in small regions of the proximal femur have the potential to reduce the risk of hip fracture.
Ermittlung von Messdaten und Proportionen des menschlichen Thorax aus CT-Schnitten zur mathematischen Korrektur von Rohdatensätzen der Elektrischen Impedanztomografie (EIT) (2014)

Die EIT ist ein wenig etabliertes, strahlungsfreies, elektrophysiologisches Verfahren zur nichtinvasiven thorakalen Schnittbilddiagnostik in Echtzeit am Intensivpatienten. Durch Anlegen eines Elektrodengürtels (8 – 64 Elektroden) und der repetitiven Applikation und Messung von geringen Strömen werden tomografische Bilder aus Änderungen der intrathorakalen Impedanz durch Rückprojektion rekonstruiert. Ziel dieser Studie war die Bereitstellung empirisch aufbereiteter CT-Daten und die Ausarbeitung einer Methodik, CT-Daten für die EIT-Bildrekonstruktion nutzbar zu machen.
Choline transport activity in Staphylococcus aureus induced by osmotic stress and low phosphate concentrations (1993)

Uptake of [14C]choline upon hyperosmotic stress of exponential-phase Staphylococcus aureus cultures in a complex medium occurred after a delay of 2.5 to 3.5 h. This uptake could be prevented by chloramphenicol, suggesting that it occurred via an inducible transport system. Radioactivity from [14C]choline was accumulated as [14C]glycine betaine. However, neither choline nor glycine betaine could act as the major carbon and energy source for the organism, suggesting that choline was not metabolized beyond glycine betaine. Assay of choline transport activity in cells grown under different conditions in defined media revealed that osmotic stress was mainly responsible for the induction, but choline gave a further increase in induction. The system was not induced in anaerobically grown cells. Choline transport activity was repressed by glycine betaine and proline betaine, suggesting that these compounds are corepressors. Choline transport activity was not induced in cells osmotically stressed by 1 M potassium phosphate or 0.5 M sodium phosphate, but was induced in cells grown in low-phosphate medium in the absence of osmotic stress. This suggests that there is a connection between the phosphate and osmotic stress regulons. Choline transport was energy and Na+ dependent and had a Km of 46 microM and a maximum rate of transport (Vmax) of 54 nmol/min/mg (dry weight). The results of competition studies suggested that N-methyl and an alcohol group or aldehyde groups at the ends of the molecule were important in its recognition by the system. Glycine betaine was not a highly effective competitor, suggesting that its transport system and the choline transport system were distinct from each other. Choline transport was highly susceptible to a variety of inhibitors, which may be related to the greater dependence on respiratory metabolism of cells grown in the presence of high NaC1 concentrations.
Detached electrooptic imaging (DEI) (2015)

A new scheme of electrooptic (EO) imaging, named detached EO imaging (DEI), has been proposed and demonstrated, where the finest imaging resolution for an electric field distribution over a planar circuit, which had been conventionally given by an EO sensor touching the circuit surface, has been provided by the EO sensor detached from the surface. An electromagnetic theory for the DEI scheme has been presented and proved by improved resolutions of detached EO images generated by numerical simulations and acquired by live electrooptic imaging experiments.
Performance evaluation of source-matched channel coding for mobile communications (2002)

In this paper the applicability of source-sensitivity matched unequal error protection schemes is studied for variable-rate speech transmission on a mobile radio channel. The performance of the unequal error protection scheme is evaluated through simulation taking into account the effects of the channel memory. The simulation of the useful signal and of the interferers is based on the multiplicative fading model developed by Clarke. The effects of channel memory on different error correction and error concealment schemes are evaluated and compared.
In Vitro and In Vivo Antidermatophyte Activities of NND-502, a Novel Optically Active Imidazole Antimycotic Agent (1998)

In vitro and in vivo antidermatophyte activities of NND-502, a new imidazole antimycotic agent, were compared with those of two existing antifungal agents, lanoconazole and terbinafine. NND-502 exhibited strong in vitro antifungal activity against Trichophyton spp.; its MIC was 1 to 4 times lower than that of lanoconazole or terbinafine. In an in vivo study with a guinea pig model of tinea pedis, 7-day topical treatment with a 0.5% solution of NND-502 (dissolved in polyethylene glycol 400) was more effective than that with a 0.5% solution of either lanoconazole or terbinafine for eradicating fungi from the infected feet. When the duration of treatment was shortened to 3 days, a topical 1% solution of NND-502 achieved a complete mycological cure, while topical 1% solutions of lanoconazole and terbinafine did not.