gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Syndiospecific polymerization of styrene. I. Tetrabenzyl titanium/methylaluminoxane catalyst (1991)

Abstract Syndiospecific polymerization of styrene (S) was catalyzed by Bz 4 Ti/MAO (tetrabenzyltitanium/methylaluminoxane). The product was separated into syndiotactic polystyrene ( s ‐PS) and atactic polystyrene ( a ‐PS) by extraction of the latter with boiling 2‐butanone. Over the broad range of catalyst concentrations, compositions, and polymerization temperatures, the catalytic activity is 150 ± 80kg PS (mol Ti mo S h) −1 with 89 ± 5% yield of s ‐PS (SY). The concentration of active species has been determined by radiolabeling. Only about 1.7% of Bz 4 Ti initiates syndiospecific polymerization at 60°C with values of rate constants for propagation and for chain transfer to MAO of 1.38 ( M s) −1 and 5.2 × 10 −4 s −1 , respectively. Nonspecific polymerization was initiated by 16.8% of the Ti having values of 0.056 ( M s) −1 and 6.5 × 10 −4 s −1 for the rate constants of propagation and transfer, respectively. The effect of solvent polarity on the polymerization was studied using toluene mixed with chlorobenzene of o ‐dichlorobenzene as solvents. An increase of effective dielectric constant from 2.43 to 5.92 reduces the polymerization activity by a factor of two and lowers SY to mere 39%. In 1 : 1 toluene/chlorobenzene solvent mixture, it was found that 1.3% and 26% of the Bz 4 Ti initiate syndiospecific and nonspecific polymerizations of styrene, respectively. The Bz 4 Ti/MAO catalyst is poor in both productivity and stereoselectivity.
MTS-1 (CDKN2) tumor suppressor gene deletions are a frequent event in esophagus squamous cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. (1995)

MTS-1 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9p21-22, a region frequently observed to have loss of heterozygosity in esophagus squamous cell carcinomas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. In order to determine whether MTS-1 sequences are deleted or mutated in cell lines derived from these cancers, we performed PCR amplification of MTS-1 exons 1 and 2. In this fashion, we found that 67% of esophagus squamous cancer cell lines have deletions of both exons 1 and 2, and 50% of pancreatic cancer cell lines have similar deletions. Furthermore, an additional 30% of pancreatic cancer cell lines harbored point mutations or microdeletions based on DNA sequencing. MTS-1 encodes p16, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4) which complexes with cyclin D1. Our data suggest that MTS-1 deletions and mutations may play an important role in the molecular pathogenesis of esophagus squamous cell and pancreatic cancers.
Rethinking identity in modern Japan: nationalism as aesthetics (2002)

1. Approaching the Question of Japanese Identity and Nationalism 2. 'Overcoming Modernity': Towards an Aesthetic Politics of Identity 3. Uneasy with the Modern: the Postwar Revival of the Modern and the Return of Dissent 4. The Age of Rapid Economic Growth and Romantic Resurgence - Mass Society and the Erosion of Popular Politics and the Social Imaginary 5. Back to Identity: 'Postmodernity,' Nihonjinron, and the Desire of the Other 6. Japan in the 1990s and Beyond - Identity Crises in Late Modern Conditions 7. Japanese Nationalism in the Late Modern World
An Integrated Micro-Fluxgate Magnetic Sensor with Sputtered Ferromagnetic Core (2006)

In this paper a double axis planar micro-Fluxgate magnetic sensor is presented. The ferromagnetic core material, the Vitrovac 6025 X, has been deposited on top of the coils with the DC-magnetron sputtering technique, a new type of procedure with respect the existing solutions in the field of Fluxgate sensor. This procedure allows us to obtain a core with the good magnetic properties of the amorphous ferromagnetic material, typical of a core 25 mum thick, but with a thickness of only 1 mum, typical of a core electrodeposited. The micro-Fluxgate has been realized in a 0.5 mum CMOS process using copper metal lines to realize the excitation coil and aluminum metal lines for the sensing coils. Applying a triangular excitation current of 18 mA peak at 100 kHz the magnetic sensitivity achieved is about 0.45 mV/muT, suitable for detecting the Earth's magnetic field (plusmn50 muT), while the linearity error is 1.15% of the full scale. The maximum angle error of the sensor, evaluating the Earth magnetic field, is 3.4deg. The power consumption of the sensor is about 13.7 mW
Demultiplexing using crossphase modulation-induced spectral shifts and Kerr polarisation rotation in optical fibre (1993)

Two methods of demultiplexing 5 Gbit/s optical data from a continuous 40 Gbit/s data stream are demonstrated, using both crossphase modulation-induced spectral shifts and the optical Kerr effect in an optical fibre. An all-laser diode configuration was used to obtain these results.
Quinazolines and 1,4-Benzodiazepines. XIX.<sup>1</sup> N-Alkyl Derivatives of Substituted 1,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinazolines and 1,4-Benzodiazepines. XIX.1 N-Alkyl Derivatives of Substituted 1,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-onesR. Ian Fryer, B. Brust, J. Earley, and L. H. SternbachCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 3, 386–389Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00333a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00333a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface processing of PTFE by electrical discharge under high E/N conditions (1992)

The authors investigated the mechanism of gas discharges under high E/N conditions. From the result, it is predicted that many activated species are generated in the ionized space by the Monte Carlo simulation. For example, many ions with kinetic energy larger than 100 eV are expected. Gaseous discharge under high E/N conditions is effective to improve surface properties of polymers. The authors are interested in chemical and/or physical functions on the PTFE surface, one of the most stable polymers, in view of not only chemistry but also to extend the electrical application.
Three-Axis Attitude Determination Using Global Positioning System Signal Strength Measurements (2003)

An alternative method to the standard carrier-phase algorithm for deriving three-axis attitude solutions from global positioning system (GPS) signal sources is investigated. This new method uses signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements from two or more canted antennas and a knowledge of each receiving antenna's gain pattern to generate pointing vector solutions. These vector solutions are then converted to a three-axis attitude solution. The method has the advantage of requiring no complicated initializing procedures such as integer ambiguity resolution, and it can generate three-axis solutions with as few as two antennas. A solution is produced whenever a minimum of three GPS satellites are in view, regardless of the vehicle's orientation at that time or at any time previously. The performance of this SNR approach is investigated using a Kalman filter to derive solutions on a satellite whose attitude generally remains fixed in the local frame. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated while the canting angles between the antennas and the filter values are varied. In addition, self-calibrating and self-scaling options are explored to reduce the algorithm's dependence on any outside knowledge of the vehicle's attitude during an in-flight calibration process. The study also examines the performance of the solution under the expected error conditions of an inaccurate calibration and sky blockage. The results demonstrate that the estimate is relatively insensitive to these expected errors. Some general conclusions are drawn about the performance and sensitivity of the developed algorithm.
Polyphase spatial subsampling multiple description coding of video streams with h264 (2005)

In this work, we propose a multiple description (MD) coding system for video streams. In particular, our scheme originates four descriptions from the spatially downsampled polyphase components of the original frames. Each description is compressed independently with the recent H264/AVC video coding standard, it is packetized and sent over an error prone network. In case of errors in one or more descriptions, appropriate concealing is applied at the receiver, before insertion of the corrected frames into the corresponding receiver frame buffers. We propose and compare different concealment solutions and a post processing stage to attenuate visual effects related to MD coding. We analyze the trade off between robustness to channel errors and coding efficiency, comparing the proposed technique with single description (SD) video coding with H264/AVC. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted theranostics: past, present, and future approaches. (2022)

Although prostate cancer is the type of cancer most commonly survived by men in the United States, it remains the second most common cause of death from cancer, largely owing to metastatic disease. Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) whose disease has progressed on standard-of-care therapies have few options and a poor prognosis. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II integral membrane protein that is commonly expressed in prostate cancer. Expression is limited on extra-prostatic tissues other than the salivary glands, lacrimal glands, duodenal epithelium, Kupffer cells, and renal tubules. PSMA-directed theranostics has emerged to exploit the specificity of PSMA for prostate cancer cells and has demonstrated promising results in the clinic. Radionuclides linked to PSMA inhibitors/binders have resulted in US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of 2 radiodiagnostics for PSMA-directed positron emission tomography/computed tomography. In addition, these radionuclides have led to the development of lutetium Lu 177PSMA-617 therapy, which is currently under priority FDA review. Multiple novel PSMA-targeted modalities have been developed and are currently under clinical investigation, including ligand-drug and cellular immune therapies. In this review, we discuss the development of PSMA-directed theranostics, along with its clinical implications, limitations, and future directions.
Discriminatively Trained Sparse Code Gradients for Contour Detection (2012)

Finding contours in natural images is a fundamental problem that serves as the basis of many tasks such as image segmentation and object recognition. At the core of contour detection technologies are a set of hand-designed gradient features, used by most approaches including the state-of-the-art Global Pb (gPb) operator. In this work, we show that contour detection accuracy can be significantly improved by computing Sparse Code Gradients (SCG), which measure contrast using patch representations automatically learned through sparse coding. We use K-SVD for dictionary learning and Orthogonal Matching Pursuit for computing sparse codes on oriented local neighborhoods, and apply multi-scale pooling and power transforms before classifying them with linear SVMs. By extracting rich representations from pixels and avoiding collapsing them prematurely, Sparse Code Gradients effectively learn how to measure local contrasts and find contours. We improve the F-measure metric on the BSDS500 benchmark to 0.74 (up from 0.71 of gPb contours). Moreover, our learning approach can easily adapt to novel sensor data such as Kinect-style RGB-D cameras: Sparse Code Gradients on depth maps and surface normals lead to promising contour detection using depth and depth+color, as verified on the NYU Depth Dataset.
In situ endothelialisation potential of a biofunctionalised nanocomposite biomaterial-based small diameter bypass graft (2009)

Endothelial dysfunction or the lack of an endothelium associated with cardiovascular grafts is a major cause of graft failure which is linked to thrombosis and related complications. This study was aimed to (1) biofunctionalise a nanocomposite biomaterial, Polyhedral Oligomeric silsesquioxane modified polycarbonate urea-urethane (POSS-PCU), based small diameter vascular graft and to (2) induce endothelialization with EPC containing monocytes, which were extracted from peripheral blood. (1) Biofunctionalisation of the nanocomposite polymer: bioactive RGD peptide, which is a functional domain of an extracellular matrix component, fibronectin, was synthesised using fmoc chemistry. A lauric acid hydrophobic "tail" was attached to optimise the RGD orientation on the biomaterial. The peptide was cross linked to POSS-PCU. The presence of RGD on the nanocomposite was tested with water contact angle measurements and specificity tests were carried out with the peptide RAD (2) Progenitor cells were extracted from peripheral blood of adult healthy volunteers and cultured on porous biofunctionalised nanocomposite polymer under static conditions. Cells were also introduced to a circuit to which the grafts are connected and non static pulsatile flow conditions were introduced after 72 h following cell introduction. The degree of cell growth was tested with Alamar Blue assay. Endothelialization was confirmed with SEM and by immunostaining for endothelial cell markers, CD34, CD31 and eNOS. Water contact angle measurement indicated that biofunctionalisation had increased hydrophilicity of the nanocomposite polymer. Alamar blue indicated a greater presence of cells on biofunctionalised nanocomposite and this relative increase in cell viability was specific to RGD as confirmed with RAD peptides. SEM provided evidence for endothelial cell morphology and this was confirmed with endothelial cell markers with immunostaining. Biofunctionalised nanocomposite polymer-based small diameter bypass graft demonstrated the potential for relatively rapid endothelialization from cells extracted from peripheral blood.
The effect of drilling mud on hole cleaning in oil and gas industry (2019)

Abstract The primary function of drilling mud is to lift the drill cut and to avoid problems in drilling hole. The purpose and objective of this study are to determine the ability to lift cutting in oil drilling wells. The method in the cutting process can use in three ways, first is Cutting Transport Ratio (Ft), Cutting Concentration (Ca), and the last is Cutting Carrying Index. The three methods have a standard that must be considered. Drilling mud affects the penetration rate during drilling activities. In drilling operations, a high penetration rate is always desirable. Mud pump as a tool for flowing mud into the wellbore affects the speed of the fluid flow of the mud in the annulus, the flow pattern in the mud circulation, and the ability to lift the cutting in the well while the mud pump specification determines the significant flow rate to circulated in the drilling process. The value of rheology of mud such as plastic viscosity and yield value of mud density also affect the performance of the slurry to become a medium for lifting drill cut. The three methods have a standard that must be considered. Cutting Transport Ratio (Ft) must have a value of > 90%, for the cutting concentration (Ca) method must have a value <5%, and cutting carrying index (CCI) has a value of 1.
Structure‐function studies of FGF‐1: Dissociation and partial reconstitution of certain of its biological activities (1994)

We reported previously that the mitogenic activities of FGF-1 (acidic FGF) could be dissociated from its receptor-binding activities by site-directed mutagenesis of lysine 132 to a glutamic acid. Although the mutant FGF-1 protein binds to the high-affinity tyrosine-kinase receptors, stimulates tyrosine-kinase activity, and promotes expression of immediate-early genes, it is not mitogenic for a variety of tested cell lines. Interestingly, the mutant FGF-1 is capable of other functions associated with the wild-type protein such as promotion of mesoderm formation in Xenopus animal caps. The mutant exhibits a reduced apparent affinity for heparin-Sepharose compared to the wild-type protein. The relationship between the reduced heparin affinity and lack of mitogenic activity of this mutant is not clear. Recent data indicates the relationship is not as simple as reduced stability of the protein. When NIH 3T3 cells are transfected with expression vectors encoding either wild-type or mutant FGF-1, a transformed phenotype can be seen in cells overexpressing the wild-type FGF-1, whereas cells overexpressing mutant FGF-1 appear normal. Analysis of lysates of these cells indicates that a tyrosine-kinase cascade, distinct from that associated with the high-affinity cell surface receptors, has been activated in the wild-type transfected cells but not in the mutant transfected cells. Although both transfected cell lines contain FGF-1 cell surface receptors as judged by crosslinking studies, the wild-type transfectants are refractory to exogenous FGF-1, whereas the mutant transfectants respond normally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Robust $M$-Estimators of Multivariate Location and Scatter (1976)

Let $\mathbf{x}_1,\cdots, \mathbf{x}_n$ be a sample from an $m$-variate distribution which is spherically symmetric up to an affine transformation. This paper deals with the robust estimation of the location vector $\mathbf{t}$ and scatter matrix $\mathbf{V}$ by means of "$M$-estimators," defined as solutions of the system: $\sum_i u_1(d_i)(\mathbf{x}_i - \mathbf{t}) = \mathbf{0}$ and $n^{-1}\sum_i u_2(d_i^2)(\mathbf{x}_i - \mathbf{t})(\mathbf{x}_i - \mathbf{t})' = \mathbf{V}$, where $d_i^2 = (\mathbf{x}_i - \mathbf{t})'\mathbf{V}^{-1}(\mathbf{x}_i - \mathbf{t})$. Existence and uniqueness of solutions of this system are proved under general assumptions about the functions $u_1$ and $u_2$. Then the estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. The breakdown bound and the influence function are calculated, showing some weaknesses of the estimates for high dimensionality. An algorithm for the numerical calculation of the estimators is described. Finally, numerical values of asymptotic variances, and Monte Carlo small-sample results are exhibited.
Distinct Alterations in Chromatin Organization of the Two IGF-I Promoters Precede Growth Hormone-Induced Activation of IGF-I Gene Transcription (2010)

Many of the physiological actions of GH are mediated by IGF-I, a secreted 70-residue peptide whose gene expression is induced by GH in the liver and other tissues via mechanisms that remain incompletely characterized but depend on the transcription factor Stat5b. Here we investigate the chromatin landscape of the IGF-I gene in the liver of pituitary-deficient young adult male rats and assess the impact of a single systemic GH injection. Despite minimal ongoing transcription in the absence of GH, both IGF-I promoters appear to reside in open chromatin environments, at least as inferred from relatively high levels of acetylation of core histones H3 and H4 when compared with adjacent intergenic DNA and from enhanced trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4. This landscape of open chromatin may reflect maturation of the liver. Surprisingly, in the absence of hormone, IGF-I promoter 1 appears poised to be activated, as evidenced by the presence of the transcriptional coactivator p300 and recruitment of RNA polymerase (Pol) II into a preinitiation complex. By contrast, chromatin surrounding IGF-I promoter 2 is devoid of both p300 and RNA Pol II. Systemic GH treatment causes an approximately 15-fold increase in transcription from each IGF-I promoter within 60 min of hormone administration, leading to a sustained accumulation of IGF-I mRNA. The coordinated induction of both IGF-I promoters by GH is accompanied by hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 in promoter-associated chromatin, a decline in monomethylation at lysine 4 of histone H3, and recruitment of RNA Pol II to IGF-I promoter 2. We conclude that GH actions induce rapid and dramatic changes in hepatic chromatin at the IGF-I locus and activate IGF-I gene transcription in the liver by distinct promoter-specific mechanisms: at promoter 1, GH causes RNA Pol II to be released from a previously recruited paused preinitiation complex, whereas at promoter 2, hormone treatment facilitates recruitment and then activation of RNA Pol II to initiate transcription.
Ruthenium-catalyzed Reductive Alkylation of Active Methylene Compounds with Aldehydes under Synthesis Gas (1990)

Abstract Active methylene compounds undergo reductive alkylation with aldehydes when heated at 135–230 °C under synthesis gas of 100 atm in the presence of ruthenium carbonyl.
Optical CT scanning of PRESAGE  polyurethane samples with a CCD-based readout system (2004)

This article demonstrates the resolution capabilities of the CCD scanner under ideal circumstances and describes the first CCD-based optical CT experiments on a new class of dosimeter, known as PRESAGE™ (Heuris Pharma, Skillman, NJ).
Void formation during film growth: A molecular dynamics simulation study (1996)

Two-dimensional, nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been applied to study the structure of thin films grown on single-crystal Lennard-Jones substrates. The principal microstructural features to develop within these films are single vacancies and small voids which tend to be slightly elongated and to be aligned in the growth direction. Both the void volume and the mean surface roughness of the films are found to be decreasing functions of substrate temperature and deposition kinetic energy. Voids are shown to form as a consequence of both surface roughness and shadowing effects. The attraction between deposited atoms and the sides of surface depressions lead to the formation of outgrowths from the sidewalls of the surface depression. These outgrowths shadow the open void beneath them and continue to grow across the voids by interaction with the depositing atoms until a continuous bridge is formed that closes off the void. Since this bridging mechanism leaves behind a surface depression above the closed-off void, new voids tend to form above it. This leads to the alignment of voids along the film growth direction. The spacing of the resultant void tracks is correlated with the wavelength of the surface roughness. Increasing temperature and deposition kinetic energy enhancing surface mobility leads to an increase in the wavelength of the surface roughness and hence an increase in the spacing between void tracks. Edge dislocations tend to form within voids as a natural consequence of the void bridging process, however nondislocated voids are also observed.
Using Three-Dimensional Rotational Angiography for Sizing of Covered Stents (2002)

Our preliminary experience suggests that 3D rotational angiography appears to be a valid tool in the pre- and perprocedural assessment of patients treated endovascularly for arterial aneurysms.