gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Adaptor Function of TRAPPC2 in Mammalian TRAPPs Explains TRAPPC2-Associated SEDT and TRAPPC9-Associated Congenital Intellectual Disability (2011)

TRAPPC2 serves as an adaptor for the formation of TRAPPII or TRAPPIII in mammalian cells. The mammalian equivalent of TRAPPII is likely different from the yeast TRAPPII structurally.
Nonmonotonic Reasoning: Logical Foundations of Commonsense (1991)

1. Introduction 2. Formalizing nonmonotonic reasoning 3. Nonmonotonic theorem proving 4. Inheritance systems 5. Nonmonotonic rule based systems 6. What has been achieved?
Generation of Porosity and Permeability Fields Conditioned to Geostatistical and Pressure Transient Data (1998)

Abstract This study aims at the generation of permeability and porosity distributions conditioned to geostatistical (variogram, mean values of permeability and porosity), static (well-logging, core etc.) and well-test pressure data and the assessment of uncertainty in generated distribution and performance prediction. Integration of all the available data from different sources (static, well test, geostatistical, etc.) into reservoir description is prerequisite for reliable performance predictions. It is shown that reservoir characterization solely based on geostatistical, static or well test pressure data imposes a nonunique problem to be solved. Specifically, by using 1-D and 2-D numerical flow simulators, we show that the pressure transient response obtained at a single well cannot provide unique determination of permeability. This necessitates the direct incorporation of well test pressure data as well as geostatistical and static data into reservoir description to resolve porosity and permeability distributions in lateral (or inter-well) directions. It is shown that the inverse problem theory based on Bayesian statistics provides a powerful methodology to incorporate different sources of data into reservoir characterization. Moreover, it provides means to assess the uncertainty in reservoir description generated and performance predictions based on such descriptions. By assuming multinormal distributions for porosity and log-permeability fields, an application of Bayesian estimation methodology to reservoir characterization is presented.
Discriminant Functions When Covariance Matrices are Unequal (1974)

Abstract This study compares by Monte Carlo methods the performance of three discriminant functions in classifying individuals into two multivariate normally distributed populations when covariance matrices are unequal—the quadratic, best linear and Fisher's linear discriminant function. The comparison is carried out both asymptotically and using samples. The expected value of the probabilities is used as the measure of performance. Parameters that are varied in the study include the distance between the populations, covariance matrices, number of dimensions, samples size and a priori probabilities of origin from the populations.
Digital Rate Synthesis for Frequency Measurement and Control (1959)

Digital rate synthesis is a transformation of harmonic synthesis (beat methods) from the frequency to the time domain; the synthesis of harmonics is replaced by pulse techniques. The signal whose period is to be measured or controlled is in the form of a pulse train that has the repetition rate X. A single reference source drives a rate generator which consists of one or more dividing stages in fixed cascade; the output of the generator is a sequence of nonuniformly spaced pulses whose average repetition rate AS is known from the independently controllable connection between the individual stages and their output bus. A rate difference detector compares the rates X and AS. The smoothed detector output has the proper sign and serves to indicate the magnitude of the difference or to reduce the difference in a closed loop, for example, by controlling a tuning motor. The range of direct operation is limited by pulse techniques, but digital and harmonic synthesis can be combined with division and with phase-lock methods to stabilize an oscillator over a practically unlimited band of frequencies, the precision and purity approaching that of the reference source.
X-ray powder diffraction of RE <sub>6</sub> UO <sub>12</sub> (RE=Eu, Gd, and Dy) (2001)

Powder X-ray diffraction data are reported for RE 6 UO 12 (RE=Eu, Gd, and Dy). The powders were prepared by a solution combustion method using urea as fuel. All compositions exhibit a rhombohedral structure with hexagonal unit cell parameters of a=1.012 67 (9) nm, c=0.9601 (1) nm for Eu 6 UO 12 ; a =1.008 78 (6) nm, c =0.954 24 (7) nm for Gd 6 UO 12 ; and a =0.998 06 (7) nm, c =0.944 03 (8) nm for Dy 6 UO 12 . The diffraction patterns of all the compounds are indexed on the R3¯ space group with Z=3. The a and c values decrease with increasing atomic number of the rare earth ion.
The universal definition of myocardial infarction: a consensus document (2008)

Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Oct
The Hotseat (1974)

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
Gain-of-function/Noonan syndrome SHP-2/ <i>Ptpn11</i> mutants enhance calcium oscillations and impair NFAT signaling (2006)

Gain-of-function mutations in SHP-2/PTPN11 cause Noonan syndrome, a human developmental disorder. Noonan syndrome is characterized by proportionate short stature, facial dysmorphia, increased risk of leukemia, and congenital heart defects in approximately 50% of cases. Congenital heart abnormalities are common in Noonan syndrome, but the signaling pathway(s) linking gain-of-function SHP-2 mutants to heart disease is unclear. Diverse cell types coordinate cardiac morphogenesis, which is regulated by calcium (Ca2+) and the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). It has been shown that the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations regulates NFAT activity. Here, we show that in fibroblasts, Ca2+ oscillations in response to FGF-2 require the phosphatase activity of SHP-2. Conversely, gain-of-function mutants of SHP-2 enhanced FGF-2-mediated Ca2+ oscillations in fibroblasts and spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in cardiomyocytes. The enhanced frequency of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ oscillations induced by a gain-of-function SHP-2 mutant correlated with reduced nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of NFAT. These data imply that gain-of-function SHP-2 mutants disrupt the Ca2+ oscillatory control of NFAT, suggesting a potential mechanism for congenital heart defects in Noonan syndrome.
Immunogenic and antigenic epitopes of immunoglobulins. XVIII. Subpopulations of human lambda chains defined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. (1986)

Following immunization with various lambda Bence-Jones proteins, over 100 hybridomas were established. A majority of the monoclonal antibodies (McAb) produced were demonstrated to recognize epitopes common to all lambda chains or unique to the immunogen. Twenty-nine McAb exhibited profiles of 'restricted' reactivity. Analysis with a panel of serologically defined antigens allowed McAb recognizing the lambda II subgroup to be identified. Other McAb recognized epitopes selectively expressed by lambda II and lambda III subgroup proteins. A further twenty-one McAb exhibited individual specificity profiles, some of which detect minor lambda chain subpopulations. Several of these McAb have potential for analysis of the clonality of specific antibody responses and for detecting monoclonal B-cell proliferations.
Thematic review series: Lipid Posttranslational Modifications CAAX modification and membrane targeting of Ras (2006)

Proteins that terminate with a consensus sequence known as CAAX undergo a series of posttranslational modifications that include polyisoprenylation, endoproteolysis, and carboxyl methylation. These modifications render otherwise hydrophilic proteins hydrophobic at their C termini such that they associate with membranes. Whereas prenylation occurs in the cytosol, postprenylation processing is accomplished on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Among the numerous CAAX proteins encoded in mammalian genomes are many signaling molecules such as monomeric GTPases, including the Ras proteins that play an important role in cancer. In the course of their processing, nascent Ras proteins traffic from their site of synthesis in the cytosol to the endomembrane and then out to the plasma membrane (PM) by at least two pathways. Recently, retrograde pathways have been discovered that deliver mature Ras from the PM back to the Golgi. The Golgi has been identified as a platform upon which Ras can signal. Thus, the subcellular trafficking of Ras proteins has the potential to increase the complexity of Ras signaling by adding a spatial dimension. The complexity of Ras trafficking also affords a wider array of potential targets for the discovery of drugs that might inhibit tumors by interfering with Ras trafficking.
Wild-Type Human p53 and a Temperature-Sensitive Mutant Induce Fas/APO-1 Expression (1995)

Fas/APO-1 is a cell surface protein known to trigger apoptosis upon specific antibody engagement. Because wild-type p53 can activate transcription as well as induce apoptosis, we queried whether p53 might upregulate Fas/APO-1. To explore this possibility, we examined human p53-null (H358 non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma and K562 erythroleukemia) and wild-type p53-containing (H460 non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma) cell lines. When H358 or H460 cells were transduced with a replication-deficient adenovirus expression construct containing the human wild-type p53 gene but not with vector alone, a marked upregulation (approximately a three-to fourfold increase) of cell surface Fas/APO-1 was observed by flow cytometry. Similarly, K562, cells stably transfected with a plasmid vector containing the temperature-sensitive human p53 mutant Ala-143 demonstrated a four- to sixfold upregulation of Fas/APO-1 by flow-cytometric analysis at the permissive temperature of 32.5 degrees C. Temperature-sensitive upregulation of Fas/APO-1 in K562 Ala-143 cells was verified by immunoprecipitation and demonstrated to result from enhanced mRNA production by nuclear run-on and Northern (RNA) analyses. Stably transfected K562 cells expressing temperature-insensitive, transcriptionally inactive p53 mutants (His-175, Trp-248, His-273, or Gly-281) failed to upregulate Fas/APO-1 at either 32.5 degrees or 37.5 degrees C. The temperature-sensitive transcription of Fas/APO-1 occurred in the presence of cycloheximide, indicating that de novo protein synthesis was not required and suggested a direct involvement of p53. Collectively, these observations argue that Fas/APO-1 is a target gene for transcriptional activation by p53.
A 34 ns 256 Mb DRAM with boosted sense-ground scheme (2002)

This boosted sense-ground (BSG) scheme extends the data retention time of a 256 Mb CMOS DRAM. This scheme features a "L" bitline level slightly boosted to suppress sub-threshold current of unselected memory-cell access transistors in the activated memory mats for the sake of the effective negative gate-source voltage (Vgs).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Present Status of Human Rights Perception and Behavior and Their Relationship to Smoking and Drinking among Adolescent Students in Taiwan (1998)

This study has three major goals: (1) to survey the present status of adolescents attending schools in Taiwan about 4 values associated with human rights, (2) to survey the same population about smoking and drinking habits and possible related factors for smoking and drinking, and (3) to thoroughly analyze both sets of survey data to determine relationships. Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling with proportional allocation was used to determine the study population, which was equal to approximately 0.5% of all students in that age group in Taiwan. A total of 100 schools throughout Taiwan were chosen (50 junior high schools, 14 high schools, 21 vocational schools, and IS junior colleges), and the proportions were determined by the percentage of all students attending each type of school. One class from each year level at each school was selected. 12,355 of the 12,557 eligible students participated (97.3%). The 4 human rights values were respect, trust, esteem, and privacy, and all questions were related to daily life. Regarding attitudes toward privacy, a number of negative trends were found which warrant concern, but no significant relationships were found between privacy issues and smoking and drinking. Questions on ”respect” covered the attitudes of both parents and teachers toward the student as perceived by the student. Questions on ”trust” all dealt with the family. Questions on ”esteem” dealt with 2 facets family members and friends/classmates. Multiple instances were found of statistically significant correlations between student perceptions of respect, trust, and esteem with student smoking and drinking habits. This suggests that there is a significant relationship present and it is hoped that human rights education might decrease drinking and smoking prevalence, which in turn might decrease illicit drug use.
A Mechanical Study on Tennis Racquets to Investigate Design Factors that Contribute to Reduced Stress and Improved Vibrational Dampening (2013)

Abstract There are a multitude of factors that will affect the mechanical performance and stress transfer to a tennis player's upper extremities. Variations in frame design, materials, string tensioning, ball stiffness, impact locations, and player technique are just some of the potential variables that can result in a significant increase or decrease of stress transfer and vibration from the racquet to the player. To better understand the significant contributing design factors that influence shock and vibration transmission to the racquet handle upon impact, such testing was conducted in a standardized and repeatable manner to evaluate and compare the shock and vibration patterns for multiple frame designs from a variety of high performing tennis racquets. Multiple racquet frame designs from six different manufacturers were mechanically tested in an ISO17025 certified third-party independent test facility by qualified mechanical and biomechanical engineers. A consistent mass drop technique was employed to provide controlled impact to the center of the head of each mounted racquet. The impact load and duration were plotted and a Fourier Transform Analysis was conducted on each data file. The results of this study showed statisticall y significant reductions in vibrational dampening time and lower vibrational amplitudes following the initial impact shock for the triple core designs. This evaluation provided consistent baseline comparisons for different handle designs in a manner that demonstrated multi-layered cores of the racquet handle performed better than hollow designs with respect to vibration and force attenuation.
Breadth-first trellis decoding with adaptive effort (1990)

A breadth-first trellis decoding algorithm is introduced for application to sequence estimation in digital data transmission. The high degree of inherent parallelism makes a parallel-processing implementation attractive. The algorithm is shown to exhibit an error-rate versus average-computational-complexity behavior that is much superior to the Viterbi algorithm and also improves on the M-algorithm. The decoding algorithm maintains a variable number of paths as its computation adapts to the channel noise actually encountered. Buffering of received samples is required to support this. Bounds that are evaluated by trellis search are produced for the error event rate and average number of survivors. Performance is evaluated with conventional binary convolutional codes over both binary-synchronous-communication (BSC) and additive-white-Gaussian-noise (AWGN) channels. Performance is also found for multilevel AM and phase-shift-keying (PSK) codes and simple intersymbol interference responses over an AWGN channel. At lower signal-to-noise ratio Monte Carlo simulations are used to improve on the bounds and to investigate decoder dynamics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Additive remedy for temper brittleness (1979)

Analysis of engineering steels by Auger electron spectroscopy has identified phosphorus, and to a lesser extent tin, as the impurities which commonly cause temper brittleness. Following a thorough thermochemical assessment of the feasibility of ‘gettering’ these residuals by forming stable microcompounds, the rare earth elements lanthanum and (to a lesser extent) cerium were selected as having the best promise because of their higher affinity for P and Sn than for the carbon of the steel.Measurements on the ductile-brittle transition temperatures were carried out on two archetypal steels, 2¼Cr-1Mo and 3½Ni-Cr-Mo-V, in both high purity and commercial purity conditions. In the 2¼Cr-1Mo steel, P was shown to be very embrittling but Sn had little effect. The embrittling effect of as much as 0.02%P could be relieved by an addition of about 0.16%La. Concomitantly, there occurred the detrimental effect of a reduction of upper shelf energy in the ductile region. This reduction is thought to have arisen from the small laboratory-scale experiments and is not expected for industrial practice. The behaviour of the 3½Ni-Cr-Mo-V was similar to the 2¼Cr-1Mo except that both P and Sn were very embrittling, and the optimum La remedial additions were slightly lower. In both types of steel the phosphorus and tin temper brittleness can be fully removed by an optimum lanthanum addition, given by La = 8.7S + 2.3Sn + 4.5P, where the element symbols express concentration in wt-%. Tests with mischmetal showed an equivalently effective remedial action.
Security Optimization of Dynamic Networks with Probabilistic Graph Modeling and Linear Programming (2015)

Securing the networks of large organizations is technically challenging due to the complex configurations and constraints. Managing these networks requires rigorous and comprehensive analysis tools. A network administrator needs to identify vulnerable configurations, as well as tools for hardening the networks. Such networks usually have dynamic and fluidic structures, thus one may have incomplete information about the connectivity and availability of hosts. In this paper, we address the problem of statically performing a rigorous assessment of a set of network security defense strategies with the goal of reducing the probability of a successful large-scale attack in a dynamically changing and complex network architecture. We describe a probabilistic graph model and algorithms for analyzing the security of complex networks with the ultimate goal of reducing the probability of successful attacks. Our model naturally utilizes a scalable state-of-the-art optimization technique called sequential linear programming that is extensively applied and studied in various engineering problems. In comparison to related solutions on attack graphs, our probabilistic model provides mechanisms for expressing uncertainties in network configurations, which is not reported elsewhere. We have performed comprehensive experimental validation with real-world network configuration data of a sizable organization.
Model-Based Tracking at 300Hz Using Raw Time-of-Flight Observations (2015)

Consumer depth cameras have dramatically improved our ability to track rigid, articulated, and deformable 3D objects in real-time. However, depth cameras have a limited temporal resolution (frame-rate) that restricts the accuracy and robustness of tracking, especially for fast or unpredictable motion. In this paper, we show how to perform model-based object tracking which allows to reconstruct the object's depth at an order of magnitude higher frame-rate through simple modifications to an off-the-shelf depth camera. We focus on phase-based time-of-flight (ToF) sensing, which reconstructs each low frame-rate depth image from a set of short exposure 'raw' infrared captures. These raw captures are taken in quick succession near the beginning of each depth frame, and differ in the modulation of their active illumination. We make two contributions. First, we detail how to perform model-based tracking against these raw captures. Second, we show that by reprogramming the camera to space the raw captures uniformly in time, we obtain a 10x higher frame-rate, and thereby improve the ability to track fast-moving objects.
LATE-BREAKING ABSTRACT: LAVOLTA I and II: Results of 2 phase III studies to assess the efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab in patients with uncontrolled asthma (2016)

<b>Introduction</b> In Phase II trials, lebrikizumab, an anti-IL-13 mAb, improved exacerbation rates and FEV<sub>1</sub> in patients with uncontrolled asthma, particularly in patients with higher levels of Type 2 biomarkers. <b>Aims</b> LAVOLTA I (NCT01867125) and II (NCT01868061) are replicate Phase III studies designed to assess the efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab in patients with uncontrolled asthma despite ICS and at least a second controller. <b>Methods</b> Adult patients with uncontrolled asthma, pre-bronchodilator FEV<sub>1</sub> 40–80% predicted, and stable background therapy were randomized to receive lebrikizumab 37.5 mg or 125 mg, or placebo SC, Q4W. The primary efficacy endpoint was rate of asthma exacerbations during the 52-week placebo-controlled period in biomarker-high patients (periostin ≥50 ng/mL or blood eosinophils ≥300 cells/µL). Secondary endpoints included change in FEV<sub>1</sub> and ACQ-5. <b>Results</b> 1081 and 1067 patients were randomized and treated in LAVOLTA I and II. Over 52 weeks, lebrikizumab treatment reduced exacerbation rates in biomarker-high patients by 51% for the 37.5 mg dose (<i>p</i><0.0001) and 30% for the 125 mg dose (<i>p</i><0.05) in LAVOLTA I and 26% for both doses in LAVOLTA II (not-significant) vs placebo. FEV<sub>1</sub> improved vs placebo (<i>p</i><0.05) in biomarker-high patients in LAVOLTA I (103 and 113 mL) and LAVOLTA II (88 and 82 mL). There were no improvements in ACQ-5 vs placebo. Proportion of patients with treatment-emergent AEs, SAEs and AEs leading to discontinuation were balanced between groups. <b>Conclusion</b> In these replicate Phase III trials, LAVOLTA I met its primary endpoint and LAVOLTA II did not. Further work is ongoing to understand the trial results in more detail.
Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks: Opportunistic and Negotiated Situations (2009)

Spectrum handoff is an indispensable component in cognitive radio networks to provide resilient service for the secondary users. In this paper, we explore the spectrum handoff procedure and then propose four metrics to characterize both short-term and long-term spectrum handoff performance: link maintenance probability, the number of spectrum handoff, switching delay, and non-completion probability. In particular, the probability mass function (pmf) and the average number of spectrum handoff are developed. The tele-traffic parameters are relaxed to follow a general distribution function, which will enable a wide applicability and theoretical significance of the derived formulae. Both opportunistic and negotiated spectrum access strategies are investigated. Results show that these two mechanisms will generate significantly different performance. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance trade-off and the interaction between the primary users and the secondary users. The impact of key parameters on spectrum handoff is also discussed. The techniques as well as the results are important for evaluating the primary and second users co-existence, and hence helpful for design and optimization of cognitive radio networks.