gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependability evaluation using hybrid fault/error injection (2002)

This paper presents a new hybrid fault/error injection technique which overcomes the limitations of both software-based and hardware-based approaches. The logic for the hardware fault unit injection circuitry is implemented using field programmable gate arrays, and the software is an extension of FERRARI, the software-based fault injection system. The combination of these techniques allows the incorporation of new capabilities by the use of mechanisms to trigger and synchronize the injection of a fault or error with events in the system. Results of physical fault/error injection experiments on a SPARC1 system are presented. The injection was synchronized to the executing modes and load conditions of the system. These results show that the system behavior is very sensitive to the internal state and load. Therefore, in order to validate the dependability properties of a system, it is imperative to inject faults/errors while the system is in critical conditions and different execution modes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identifying key players in a covert network using behavioral profile (2012)

In recent day's terrorism poses a threat to homeland security. It's highly motivated by the “net-war” where the extremist are organized in a network structure. The knowledge discovery process in network analysis has been done using supervised and unsupervised techniques which helps us to differentiate overt and covert nodes in a social network. The major problem faced is to automatically identify the key player who can maximally influence other nodes in a large relational covert network. The existing centrality based and graph theoretic approach are more concerned about the network structure rather than the node attributes. An unsupervised framework is used to describe the nodes and links in the form of a directional semantic graph where each node is related with more than one relationship with others. The behaviors of nodes are analyzed based on the semantic profile generated. The semantic profile is described as a collection of condensed paths generated through variable relaxation approach. These condensed paths are called as path types and each of them have a unique format. To identify the key player the outlier analysis is done in the profile and the highly communicating node is concluded to be the most influential node of the network.
Highly Deformable Origami Paper Photodetector Arrays (2017)

Flexible electronics will form the basis of many next-generation technologies, such as wearable devices, biomedical sensors, the Internet of things, and more. However, most flexible devices can bear strains of less than 300% as a result of stretching. In this work, we demonstrate a simple and low-cost paper-based photodetector array featuring superior deformability using printable ZnO nanowires, carbon electrodes, and origami-based techniques. With a folded Miura structure, the paper photodetector array can be oriented in four different directions via tessellated parallelograms to provide the device with excellent omnidirectional light harvesting capabilities. Additionally, we demonstrate that the device can be repeatedly stretched (up to 1000% strain), bent (bending angle ±30°), and twisted (up to 360°) without degrading performance as a result of the paper folding technique, which enables the ZnO nanowire layers to remain rigid even as the device is deformed. The origami-based strategy described herein suggests avenues for the development of next-generation deformable optoelectronic applications.
Stern End Bulb for Energy Enhancement and Speed Improvement (2012)

Unlike the bow bulb, the stern end bulb (SEB) has been used on just a few ships to improve performance. In one of these rare, full-scale applications, a maximum resistance reduction in the 5% to 7% range is claimed. A few applications of SEBs are shown along with some model test data for a Naval Auxiliary ship. The rationale for SEB is discussed along with the hydrodynamic mechanism associated with a SEB. In addition to wave-making reduction, the SEB can reduce eddy-making and possibly improve course-keeping. The results of several fluid flow computations with initial SEB designs are shown for two ship classes: the T-AKE LEWIS and CLARK dry cargo ship and the DDG 51 ARLEIGH BURKE destroyer. The calculations use the Ship Wave Inviscid Flow Theory potential flow computer code and the FreeRans viscous flow free surface computer code. Several SEBs were designed and investigated analytically for the T-AKE class ships, and the best of these is predicted to reduce resistance by 4.5% at 20 knots. In addition, several initial SEB/Stern Flap configurations were designed for the DDG 51 Class Flight IIa destroyers and five configurations, some with just an SEB added to the hull and others with a combined SEB-Stern Flap configuration were model-tested. The examination of these initial efforts led to the design of several new-style combined SEB-Stern flap configurations, the best of which is predicted to save at least 745 Bbls of fuel per ship per year.
Modulation of the catalytic activity of porphyrins by lipid-and surfactant-containing nanostructures (2011)

The structural factors modulating porphyrin activity encompass pyrrole and equatorial ligands, as well as the central metal and the number and structure of their axial ligands. Of equal importance is the microenvironment provided by apoproteins, solvents and membranes. Porphyrins are often used to construct supramolecular structures with different applications. The modulation of activity of the porphyrins has been frequently achieved by mimicking nature, i.e., by the provision of different microenvironments for these molecules. The association of porphyrins to surfactant- and lipid-containing nanostructures has changed the activity of these compounds to mimic different enzymes such as SOD, cytochrome P450, peroxidases and others. In determined conditions, the reactive forms of the porphyrins are high-valence states of oxo-metal-πcations and oxo-metal produced by the reaction with peroxides and peracids. The modulation of porphyrin activity by surfactant- and lipid-containing nanostructures has also been achieved for hemeproteins, as the lipid nanostructures affect the conformation of proteins.
Removal of Silver in Photographic Processing Waste by TiO<sub>2</sub>-Based Photocatalysis (1996)

Treatability data on actual waste show that titania-based photocatalysis can be used to remove silver ions from black and white photoprocessing waste. The silver ion is reduced to its metallic form producing particles comparable in size to the TiO2 catalyst particles. The mass of silver recovered approaches three times that of the titania. Thiosulfate (the predominant chemical in spent fixer) plays a complicated role in the process of silver ion reduction: (1) as a hole scavenger, it can increase the silver reduction rate; (2) as the chemical that stabilizes silver ion in solution, thiosulfate hinders photocatalysis when present at high concentration. Metallic silver can be separated from titania by the physical process of sonication. We also show that sunlight can be used directly to power the photo-electrochemical silver removal process.
CMOS OTA with improve performance (2002)

A new CMOS OTA which consists of a linearized source-coupled pair cascaded by a conventional CMOS OTA biased in sub-threshold region is presented. SPICE simulation results show that for /spl plusmn/5 V supply voltage, and over /spl plusmn/3 V input range, the maximum non-linear error is /spl plusmn/0.3% and the transconductance varies I/sub abc/ linearly over a wide I/sub abc/ range.
Radar imaging of moving targets in foliage using multifrequency multiaperture polarimetric SAR (2003)

Because of the low signal-to-clutter ratio, it is a difficult problem to detect and image moving targets in foliage. In this paper, a multifrequency multiaperture polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (MFMA POLSAR) system is proposed for imaging of moving targets in foliage. The MFMA POLSAR extends the multifrequency antenna array SAR (MF-SAR) system to multiple polarizations. Full polarization is used in MFMA POLSAR to achieve an optimal polarization adaptive to the environment such that the images obtained by different apertures are of the best coherence that is used to obtain the highest accuracy of the phase estimation. It is also shown that the MFMA POLSAR cannot only accurately locate both the slow and the fast moving targets but also reveal moving targets in foliage.
Tetracyclic Dienes. I. The Diels-Alder Adduct of Norbornadiene and Cyclopentadiene (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetracyclic Dienes. I. The Diels-Alder Adduct of Norbornadiene and CyclopentadieneJ. K. Stille and D. A. FreyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 16, 4273–4275Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01525a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01525a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views513Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Progress in photosensitivity - Fundamentals and overview (2002)

A comprehensive survey of photosensitivity in glasses comprising permanent refractive index changes induced by laser exposure is reviewed. Progress, demands and remaining issues are discussed from various points of views such as pattern and properties of laser-written phase structures, assessment of glasses and dopants, characterisation and mechanisms of photosensitivity, benefits and potential applications, types and requirements of write lasers.
Altered metaplastic response of<i>waved-2</i>EGF receptor mutant mice to acute oxyntic atrophy (2005)

Metaplastic cell lineages are putative precursors for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. The loss of parietal cells (oxyntic atrophy) is the initiating step in the evolution of gastric fundic mucosal lineage changes including metaplasia and hyperplasia. However, the intrinsic mucosal factors that promote and modulate the emergence of metaplastic phenotypes remain obscure. Over the past several years, we have studied pharmacologically induced, reversible oxyntic atrophy in rodents treated with DMP-777, a drug that acts as a parietal cell secretory membrane protonophore. DMP-777 elicits a rapid loss of parietal cells followed by the emergence of foveolar hyperplasia and spasmolytic polypeptide (SP)-expressing metaplasia (SPEM). The objective of the present study was to provide further insights into the intrinsic mucosal factors regulating the emergence of SPEM in the setting of oxyntic atrophy. We therefore studied the effects of DMP-777 administration on both SP/trefoil factor (TFF)2-deficient mice, which lack SP/TFF2, a marker of SPEM, and waved-2 mice, which harbor a point mutation in the EGF receptor that attenuates its tyrosine kinase activity. As in wild-type mice, treatment with DMP-777 for 7 days did elicit SPEM in SP/TFF2-deficient mice. These results suggest that SP/TFF2 does not impact on the development of metaplasia after the induction of parietal cell loss. In contrast, waved-2 homozygous mice displayed accelerated SPEM development by 3 days of treatment with DMP-777. These findings indicate that attenuation of EGF receptor signaling in waved-2 mice does elicit a more rapid emergence of SPEM. The results support a role for EGF receptor ligands in the regulation of gastric metaplasia.
An optimizing algorithm for resources allocation in parallel test (2009)

To complete parallel test for airplane Remote Electronics Unit (REU), the initial problem which should be resolved is the resources allocation. Optimized configuration of test resources will contribute to smoothing the implementation of task scheduling, which in turn improves the efficiency of the test. Close analysis of constraint relations between resources and test tasks, and with global heuristic optimal capability of Genetic Algorithm (GA), the overall optimal solution of test resources to a certain UUT can be calculated. At the same time, resources configuration ratio is set up which create the premise for achieving high-performance test. In the end, combining with the simulation of a certain type REU, a stable overall optimal solution is obtained which verifies the validity and feasibility of the algorithm.
Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties (2008)

Biodiesel, which is a new, renewable and biological origin alternative diesel fuel, has been receiving more attention all over the world due to the energy needs and environmental consciousness. Biodiesel is usually produced from food-grade vegetable oils using transesterification process. Using food-grade vegetable oils is not economically feasible since they are more expensive than diesel fuel. Therefore, it is said that the main obstacle for commercialization of biodiesel is its high cost. Waste cooking oils, restaurant greases, soapstocks and animal fats are potential feedstocks for biodiesel production to lower the cost of biodiesel. However, to produce fuel-grade biodiesel, the characteristics of feedstock are very important during the initial research and production stage since the fuel properties mainly depend on the feedstock properties. This review paper presents both biodiesel productions from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties.
Language-independent interactive data visualization (2003)

We introduce the Language-Independent Visualization Environment (LIVE) as a system for the visualization and manipulation of data structures and the computer programs that create and operate on them.LIVE interprets arbitrary programs containing arbitrary data structure definitions, showing diagrammatically the data that the process generates.It is language-independent in that a single program can be visualized in the syntax of multiple languages. LIVE is interactive in that not only does it show the effects of statements immediately as they occur at runtime, but it also generates new program source code automatically when the user manipulates the data on the screen. We anticipate that this tool will be most useful in a pedagogical setting such as a CS2 or data structures course, particularly with the introduction of pointers and linked structures.
Targeting Expression with Light Using Caged DNA (1999)

In this report, we describe the inactivation and site-specific light induction of plasmid expression using a photosensitive caging compound. Plasmids coding for luciferase were caged with 1-(4, 5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)diazoethane (DMNPE) and transfected into approximately 1-cm diameter sites of the skin of rats with particle bombardment. Skin sites transfected with caged plasmids did not express luciferase. However, subsequent exposure of transfected skin sites to 355-nm laser light induced luciferase expression in proportion to the amount of light. Liposome transfection of HeLa cells with DMNPE-caged green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmids showed similar results. Caging DNA with DMNPE blocks expression at the level of transcription, since in vitro production of mRNA from linearized GFP plasmid was also blocked by caging and subsequently restored by exposure to light. Under the reaction conditions of these experiments, our absorbance data indicate that each DMNPE-caged GFP plasmid contains approximately 270 caging groups. In addition to inhibition and subsequent restoration of plasmid bioactivity, the presence and photocleavage of this relatively small number of cage groups also alters electrophoretic mobility of plasmids and optical absorption characteristics. This light-induced expression strategy provides a new means to target the expression of genetic material with spatial and temporal specificity.
A 320fs-RMS-jitter and 300kHz-BW all-digital fractional-N PLL with self-corrected TDC and fast temperature tacking loop for WiMax/WLAN 11n (2009)

This paper presents a 3.9-to-5.39GHz all-digital fractional-N PLL for WiMax/WLAN 11n application. The ADPLL uses a self-corrected TDC to achieve meta-stable-error-free operation, wide dynamic range and high timing resolution in a small chip area. The rms jitter from 1kHz to 40MHz is 320fs at 4.51GHz while the calibrated bandwidth is 300KHz. With aid of the fast temperature tracking loop, the operational temperature range is extended to from −40 to 120oC. The loop settling time is 32us.
Free fetal DNA in maternal plasma in anembryonic pregnancies: confirmation that the origin is the trophoblast (2007)

Since ffDNA levels are normal in pregnancies without a fetus, the data support the hypothesis that the trophoblastic cells are the major source ffDNA in maternal plasma.
Non-constant hazard ratios in randomized controlled trials with composite endpoints (2019)

The hazard ratio is routinely used as a summary measure to assess the treatment effect in clinical trials with time-to-event endpoints. It is frequently assumed as constant over time although this assumption often does not hold. When the hazard ratio deviates considerably from being constant, the average of its plausible values is not a valid measure of the treatment effect, can be clinically misleading and common sample size formulas are not appropriate. In this paper, we study the hazard ratio along time of a two-component composite endpoint under the assumption that the hazard ratio for each component is constant. This work considers two measures for quantifying the non-proportionality of the hazard ratio: the difference $D$ between the maximum and minimum values of hazard ratio over time and the relative measure $R$ representing the ratio between the sample sizes for the minimum detectable and the average effects. We illustrate $D$ and $R$ by means of the ZODIAC trial where the primary endpoint was progression-free survival. We have run a simulation study deriving scenarios for different values of the hazard ratios, different event rates and different degrees of association between the components. We illustrate situations that yield non-constant hazard ratios for the composite endpoints and consider the likely impact on sample size. Results show that the distance between the two component hazard ratios plays an important role, especially when they are close to 1. Furthermore, even when the treatment effects for each component are similar, if the two-component hazards are markedly different, hazard ratio of the composite is often non-constant.
Ontogenetic Changes in Visual Sensitivity of The Parasitic Salmon Louse <i>Lepeophtheirus Salmonis</i> (2000)

The salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, is an ectoparasitic copepod of salmonid fishes whose life cycle involves two broadly defined, free-living larval stages, the nauplius and the copepodid. After settling on a host, the copepodid goes through various transformations to become a mobile adult. We recorded swimming responses of free-swimming salmon lice at the naupliar, copepodid and adult stages to the onset (ON) and offset (OFF) of lights of varying spectral irradiance and polarization. Nauplii showed a prominent swim-up OFF response across the spectrum 352-652 nm, but no ON response. Copepodids exhibited a swim-up ON response and a passive (sinking) OFF response across the same spectral range. Adults showed active swim-up responses to both ON and OFF stimuli, although the OFF response was proportionately stronger. The spectral range of the adult ON and OFF responses was the same as that of the copepodids and slightly greater than that of the nauplii, which did not exhibit responses at 652 nm. The absolute sensitivity of copepodids under white light (approx. 10(-13) photons m(2) s(1)) was higher than that of nauplii (approx. 10(-17) photons(-1) m(2 )s, OFF response) and that of adult female lice (approx. 10(-14) photons(-1)m(2)s). This suggests that the naupliar visual system is best suited for detection of shadows (e.g. the host) under a bright light field (daylight hours), while copepodids and adults may be more specialized for host detection at crepuscular periods and during the night, when light levels are low. None of the developmental stages responded to the rotation of the plane of polarized light or exhibited any difference in directed response when polarized light was used in place of diffuse light.
4G LTE Network Throughput Modelling and Prediction (2020)

The past decade has witnessed a staggering evolution in cellular networks. Mobile wireless technologies have undergone four distinct generations; from uncomplicated voice calls in the first generation to high-speed, low latency and video streaming in the fourth generation. The numerous services brought to the users by 4G network have caused an increasing load demand. This increasing demand in network usage has proven the necessity of further service enhancements, such as predictive resource allocation techniques and handover analysis. For these techniques to be deployed, network quality and performance analysis must be performed on real-world network data. Since throughput is a major indicator of the network's performance, throughput modelling and prediction can be utilized for analyzing network quality. In this paper, two approaches for throughput analysis are examined: classical machine learning and time series forecasting. For the first approach, various machine learning models were deployed for throughput prediction and our analysis showed that the random forest model achieved the highest prediction performance. For time series forecasting, statistical methods as well as deep learning architectures were used. The evaluation shows that the machine learning models had a higher throughput prediction performance than the time series forecasting techniques.
<title>Iso-surface volume rendering</title> (1998)

Medical application of volume-rendering techniques requires algorithms with a very high spatial accuracy. In this paper, a new volume-rendering method called 'Iso-Surface Volume Rendering' will be introduced. This method is able to visualize an iso-surface in a volumetric dataset with the highest possible accuracy. Furthermore, this new method is very fast, allowing interactive visualization on low-cost workstations without compromising quality. Given the point- spread function and the sample distance (voxel distance) of the acquisition device it is possible to calculate the spatial error that is made when the surface of an object is estimated by an iso-surface. It will be shown that this error depends on the sample distance, the sample location, and the interpolation function used. When the sample distance is very small, the error approaches zero.