gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The motion of ellipsoidal particles immersed in a viscous fluid (1922)

Abstract In both physical and biological science, we are often concerned with the properties of a fluid, or plasma, in which small particles or corpuscles are suspended and carried about by the motion of the fluid. The presence of the particles will influence the properties of the suspension in bulk, and, in particular, its viscosity will be increased. The most complete mathematical treatment of the problem, from this point of view, has been that given by Einstein, who considered the case of spherical particles and gave a simple formula for the increase in the viscosity. We have extended this work to the case of particles of ellipsoidal shape. The second section of the paper is occupied with the requisite solution of the equations of motion of the fluid. The problem of the motion of a viscous fluid, due to an ellipsoid moving through it with a small velocity of translation in a direction parallel to one of its axes, has been solved by Oberbeck, and the corresponding problem for an ellipsoid rotating about one of its axes by Edwards. In both cases the equations of motion are approximated by neglecting the terms involving the squares of the velocities. It may be seen, a posteriori, that the condition for the validity of this approximation is that the product of the velocity of the ellipsoid by its linear dimensions shall be small compared with the “kinematic coefficient, of viscosity” of the fluid. In relation to our present problem, it will therefore be satisfied either for sufficiently slow motions, or for sufficiently small particles.
The Plessey WS80 Series of Naval Weapon Control Systems (1977)

(1977). The Plessey WS80 Series of Naval Weapon Control Systems. The RUSI Journal: Vol. 122, No. 2, pp. 57-63.
The development of trientine dihydrochloride, 1977-85 (1986)

Key dates in the development of a laboratory and pilot plant route for pharmaceutical grade trientine dihydrochloride are summarised.
Involvement of Shc in the signaling response of human prostate tumor cell lines to epidermal growth factor (1998)

Autocrine growth factors for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been identified in prostate tumors, implicating a role for EGFR in the progression of prostate cancer. To investigate early signaling mechanisms used by the EGFR in prostate tumor cells, we have characterized the involvement of the Shc (src homology 2/x-collagen related) adapter protein in EGFR signaling in several human prostate tumor cell lines. In androgen-responsive lymph node-prostate cancer (LNCaP) cells and androgen-insensitive PC3, DU145 and PPC-I cells, Shc was identified as one of the most prominent phosphotyrosine proteins to be elevated in response to EGF. Equivalent levels of the 46- and 52-kDa Shc isoforms were detected in all of the tumor cell lines tested. However, levels of the 66-kDa isoform were variable among the cell lines. In all of the tumor cell lines, EGF caused an association between Shc and Grb2, another adapter protein linked to cellular ras activation. Additionally, several phosphotyrosine proteins, including a 115-120-kDa protein in EGF-treated LNCaP cells, co-associated with Shc. The profile of these Shc-associating proteins, however, differed among the tumor cell lines. Our results indicate that Shc is a common downstream element of EGFR signaling in prostate tumor cells and suggest multiple functions for Shc in prostate tumorigenesis.
Famciclovir treatment of hepatitis B infection following liver transplantation: a long‐term, multi‐centre study (2001)

Famciclovir is a novel guanosine nucleoside analogue with activity against herpes viruses and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Several preliminary reports have described efficacy of famciclovir in patients with recurrent hepatitis B after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). This report describes the largest study to date of long-term famciclovir treatment in patients with de novo or recurrent hepatitis B post-OLT. One hundred thirty patients with detectable serum HBV DNA after OLT received oral famciclovir 500 mg tid on a compassionate-use basis. Safety analyses included all treated patients; efficacy was assessed in all patients and a subgroup of 73 patients with complete baseline HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) data who had received > or =6 months of treatment. Efficacy parameters included serum levels of HBV DNA, ALT, and anti-HBe or anti-HBs seroconversion rates. Of the 70 patients treated for > or =6 months who could be evaluated for response/non-response to famciclovir, 52 (74%) were responders, defined as patients who experienced a 70% decrease or more in HBV DNA levels from baseline, or who became HBV DNA-negative, for at least two consecutive visits. In famciclovir responders, HBV DNA levels decreased by a median of 91% after 12 weeks of treatment, 95% after 6 months and >99% after 18 months of treatment. Marked differentiation between responders and non-responders could be made soon after the onset of treatment. Among anti-HBe positive patients with evidence of HBV replication, 12/13 were responders. Patients with high baseline ALT levels experienced more rapid suppression of HBV DNA during therapy with famciclovir. Famciclovir therapy was safe and well tolerated; serious adverse events were reported infrequently. Famciclovir treatment may be beneficial in patients with hepatitis B infection post-OLT.
A novel, high conductance channel of mitochondria linked to apoptosis in mammalian cells and Bax expression in yeast (2001)

During apoptosis, proapoptotic factors are released from mitochondria by as yet undefined mechanisms. Patch-clamping of mitochondria and proteoliposomes formed from mitochondrial outer membranes of mammalian (FL5.12) cells has uncovered a novel ion channel whose activity correlates with onset of apoptosis. The pore diameter inferred from the largest conductance state of this channel is approximately 4 nm, sufficient to allow diffusion of cytochrome c and even larger proteins. The activity of the channel is affected by Bcl-2 family proteins in a manner consistent with their pro- or antiapoptotic properties. Thus, the channel activity correlates with presence of proapoptotic Bax in the mitochondrial outer membrane and is absent in mitochondria from cells overexpressing antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Also, a similar channel activity is found in mitochondrial outer membranes of yeast expressing human Bax. These findings implicate this channel, named mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel, as a candidate for the outer-membrane pore through which cytochrome c and possibly other factors exit mitochondria during apoptosis.
Characterization of keratin–collagen 3D scaffold for biomedical applications (2011)

Abstract Fabrication of keratin–collagen (KC) 3D scaffold with improved thermal denaturation rate is reported. In vitro application of (KC) scaffold stimulates basic extra cellular matrix constituents. KC Scaffold considerably reduced undesirable properties of both collagen and keratin while collagen incorporation reduces the fragility with increases of strength and flexibility in the scaffold. In addition to this, the scaffold showed homogenous well‐interconnected pores in the range of 10–100 µm when observed in scanning electron microscope. Usage of keratin in KC scaffold offers increased biodegradation rate and higher denaturation rate in addition to its rapid cell growth with normal morphology ultimately reaching cell population of 3.9–9.7 million per cm 3 after 48 hr in KC scaffold. Circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT‐IR) of KC showed presence of helical structure of collagen and ß‐turns of keratin confirming retention of native structures of both the proteins KC scaffold showed good swelling behavior and water uptake. Our study strongly supports the superidity of KC scaffold over the collagen or keratin when they are independently used for tissue engineering applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical and Computational Foundations of Learning Theory (Dagstuhl Seminar 11291) (2011)

The main goal of the seminar ``Mathematical and Computational Foundations of Learning Theory'' was to bring together experts from computer science, mathematics and statistics to discuss the state of the art in machine learning broadly construed and identify and formulate the key challenges in learning which have to be addressed in the future. This Dagstuhl seminar was one of the first meetings to cover the full broad range of facets of modern learning theory. The meeting was very successful and all participants agreed that such a meeting should take place on a regular basis.
Sialyl Lewis(a): a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen involved in adhesion and metastatic potential of cancer cells. (2002)

Neoplastic transformation is often associated with characteristic changes in the expression of the sialyl Lewis(a) and sialyl Lewis(x) antigens, representing typical tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. High amounts of sialyl Lewis(a) are present in human adenocarcinomas of the colon, pancreas and stomach. A growing amount of data suggests that this carbohydrate structure is the ligand for E-selectin. Sialylated Lewis structures present on the surface of tumor cells are carried by the carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. There are several lines of evidence showing that sialyl Lewis(a) is responsible for the adhesion of human cancer cells to endothelium. E-selectin present on endothelial cells mediates these interactions. Selectins and their carbohydrate ligands can thus play an important role in the selective homing of tumor cells during metastasis. However, the presence of sialyl Lewis(a) antigen on the surface of tumor cells and their adhesion to E-selectin-expressing cells in in vitro adhesion assay by itself can not be directly related to metastatic properties of all cancer cells.
Therapeutic Options for Atrial Fibrillation: Rhythm Control or Rate Control Strategy (2005)

Recently therapeutic options for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) became more extent, as pharmacological and mapping technology develop. However, the treatment for the restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with persistent AF and progressed atrial remodeling remains unsatisfied even utilizing both pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies.Up to present, there are a total of 5 clinical randomized trials investigating which therapeutic strategy (rhythm control or rate control) is superior in terms of improvement in the patients' prognosis and quality of life. In all the trials, there were no significant differences in the incidence of end-points including all-cause death, embolic and hemorrhagic events between two strategies, although the cumulative mortality tended to be higher for the rhythm control strategy in AFFIRM trial. On the contrary, exercise tolerance (6 minutes walk) was improved to the greater degree for the rhythm control strategy in PIAF trial. Because most of these trials recruited the patients with high risk patients of thrombo-embolic complications such as older age, persistent or chronic AF, reduced cardiac function and so on, it is suggested that the rhythm control therapy might improve the QOL and even mortality, by selecting candidates appropriately for the rhythm control therapy.
Analysis of geoporphyrins by high-temperature gas chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Plenary lecture (1994)

High-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of geopophyrins from oils shales. A New, directly heated stainless-steel capillary interface was used to introduce the eluent into the ICP torch. The interface was robust, simple to install, programmable and introduced minimal loss (5–10%) in chromatographic efficiency. The HTGC–ICP-MS was used for rapid metal fingerprinting of the geoporphyrin fractions. Cobalt, Chromium, iron, nickel, titanium, vanadium and zinc metalloporphyrins were fingerprinted. For quantitative analysis HPLC–ICP-MS was preferred. Quantitative data obtained by HPLC–ICP-MS and HPLC with UV absorption detection of nickel geoporphyrins from Julia Creek and Serpiano oil shales showed good agreement. Levels of nickel porphyrins were in the range 15–120 µg g–1 in the samples analysed. The potential for multi-element, multi-isotopic detection is clearly illustrated using up to ten elements/isotopes virtually simultaneously.
A Citrate-Phosphate-Dextrose Solution for the Preservation of Human Blood (1957)

A Citrate-Phosphate-Dextrose Solution for the Preservation of Human Blood Get access John G. Gibson, 2nd, M.D., John G. Gibson, 2nd, M.D. Departments of Medicine of the Harvard Medical School, and Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Searle B. Rees, M.D., Searle B. Rees, M.D. Departments of Medicine of the Harvard Medical School, and Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Thomas J. McManus, M.D., Thomas J. McManus, M.D. Departments of Medicine of the Harvard Medical School, and Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Walter A. Scheitlin, M.D. Walter A. Scheitlin, M.D. Departments of Medicine of the Harvard Medical School, and Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 28, Issue 6, 1 December 1957, Pages 569–578, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.6.569 Published: 01 December 1957 Article history Received: 06 May 1957 Revision received: 21 August 1957 Accepted: 03 September 1957 Published: 01 December 1957
The diffusion of oxygen through uniaxially and biaxially drawn polypropylene (1990)

Abstract The oxygen permeability of uniaxially and biaxially drawn polypropylene has been studied for both film and tube samples. With few exceptions the permeability coefficient decreases on drawing, but effects are small, particularly for biaxially drawn material where the coefficient does not fall below about 60% of the isotropic value. Molecular orientation as indicated by refractive index measurements appears as a major cause of the reduction in permeability.
INTERACTION OF NEUROTENSIN WITH THE SUBSTANCE P RECEPTOR MEDIATING HISTAMINE RELEASE FROM RAT MAST CELLS AND THE FLARE IN HUMAN SKIN (1982)

1 Substance P induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in a dose-dependent manner over the concentration range 1 to 10 microM. 2 At concentrations in the range 2.5 to 1 0 microM, neurotensin produced only about 5% release of histamine, which was substantially less than the maximum effect obtained with substance P. 3 Neurotensin, 2.5 to 10 microM produced graded inhibition of histamine release induced by substance P. The inhibitory effect of neurotensin was not seen when histamine release was induced by an antigen-antibody effect of neurotensin was not seen when histamine release was induced by an antigen-antibody reaction or by the ionophore, A 23187. Some evidence was obtained to suggest that compound 48/80 may interact with the same receptor as substance P and neurotensin. 4 [D-Arg8]neurotensin, [D-Arg9]neurotensin, xenopsin and the C-terminal octapeptide of substance P (SP4-11) all inhibited histamine release by substance P, but physalaemin did not. 5 Neurotensin inhibited the wheal and flare reactions induced by substance P in human skin. 6 [D-Trp7,9]substance P released histamine from rat mast cells and was about 12 times more potent than substance P itself. [D-Trp7,9]SP1-11 also produced wheal and flare responses in human skin, being 1.8 times more potent than substance P in the production of flare.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Pathogenic in Primary Graft Dysfunction after Lung Transplantation (2014)

NETs accumulate in the lung in both experimental and clinical PGD. In experimental PGD, NET formation is platelet-dependent, and disruption of NETs with DNaseI reduces lung injury. These data are the first description of a pathogenic role for NETs in solid organ transplantation and suggest that NETs are a promising therapeutic target in PGD.
A multiple pin, flip-chip system for microwave and gigabit per second cryogenic device testing at variable temperatures (2001)

We have developed a cryogenic probe and cryostat system to test both active and passive superconducting devices and circuits up to microwave frequencies at variable temperatures. Our system consists of two basic parts: the cryostat and the matching probe. The cryostat is a unique, very efficient, variable temperature, flow-type cryostat, where we control temperature without electrical heaters. It is magnetically shielded and allows rapid testing between 4.2 K and room temperature. Probes developed for this cryostat have a larger number of shorter cables than standard dip-type probes. They are designed to test chips or chip assemblies without additional packaging. Chips or chip assemblies can be quickly mounted and dismounted from a fixed spring-contact assembly. Each probe has 56 wide-bandwidth signal cables. We have repeatedly used these probes for testing both active and passive superconducting integrated circuits up to 20 GHz. The probe and cryostat combination provides a testing capability that is simultaneously high frequency, dc magnetic shielded, has variable cryogenic temperature, and quick turnaround.
Bayeux: An Architecture for Scalable and Fault-tolerant Wide-area Data Dissemination (2002)

The demand for streaming multimedia applications is growing at an incredible rate.In this paper, we propose Bayeux, an efficient application-level multicast system that scales to arbitrarily large receiver groups while tolerating failures in routers and network links.Our simulation results indicate that Bayeux maintains these properties while keeping transmission overhead low.Bayeux leverages the architecture of Tapestry, a fault-tolerant, wide-area overlay routing and location network. Receiver Receiver
Latitudinal Variation in Palatability of Salt-Marsh Plants: Which Traits Are Responsible? (2002)

Biogeographic theory predicts that intense consumer–prey interactions at low latitudes should select for increased defenses of prey relative to high latitudes. In salt marshes on the Atlantic coast of the United States, a community-wide pattern exists in which 10 species of low-latitude plants are less palatable to a diverse suite of herbivores than are high-latitude conspecifics. Examination of proximate plant traits (toughness, palatability of polar and nonpolar extracts, nitrogen content) of high- and low-latitude conspecifics of nine plant species suggested that all these proximate traits had the potential to contribute to latitudinal differences in palatability of some plant species. Southern plants were tougher than northern plants (five species), had less palatable polar extracts (four species), and had lower N content (six species). Experimental evidence linking traits to latitudinal differences in palatability was strongest for polar extracts and lacking for N content. For one plant species, none of the traits we studied correlated with latitudinal variation in palatability. Because palatability differences may change when moving from fresh plants to freeze-dried plants to plant traits, studies of latitudinal variation in freeze-dried plants or plant traits are likely to under- or overestimate latitudinal variation in palatability of fresh plants. This study has begun to identify the proximate plant traits responsible for latitudinal variation in plant palatability in Atlantic coast salt marshes, but the ultimate evolutionary factors responsible for variation in these traits remain to be determined.
Widespread pain as a risk factor for dysfunctional temporomandibular disorder pain (2003)

Widespread pain has been found to be a risk factor for onset and persistence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain. The aim of this cohort study was to determine if widespread pain is associated with interference and disability related to TMD pain. Three hundred and ninety-seven TMD patients were interviewed at 1 and 2 years following enrollment. Dysfunctional TMD pain was defined as grades IV, III and II with any disability points on the graded chronic pain scale (GCPS). Widespread pain was defined by the number of pain sites (0-4: head, back, stomach, chest) outside the masticatory system. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, controlling for the effects of age, education, depression, baseline GCPS, and time since study enrollment, was used to examine the relationship between widespread pain and risk of onset or maintenance of dysfunctional TMD pain during follow-up. Among women without dysfunctional TMD pain at baseline, widespread pain was a risk factor for development of dysfunctional TMD pain (odds ratio (OR): 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-2.8, P=0.003). However, there was no association between widespread pain and onset of dysfunctional TMD pain among men (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.4-2.8, P=0.95) or maintenance of dysfunctional TMD among either women (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8-1.4, P=0.85) or men (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.1-3.2, P=0.40). Widespread pain was independently and highly associated with risk of developing pain-related disability among women who did not have pain dysfunction at baseline, but was not predictive of risk of onset of dysfunctional TMD pain among men or maintenance of dysfunctional pain among either women or men.
A phased array optical scanning (PHAROS) device used as a 1-to-9 way switch (1992)

An optical switch is demonstrated which uses a phased array of 30 closely spaced, individually addressed electrooptic AlGaAs-GaAs waveguides to focus and steer a light beam under electronic control in a planar output waveguide. A small and potentially very high speed 1-to-9 way optical switch, (with -15 dB of crosstalk) was made by placing an array of nine output waveguides at different positions in a focal plane 1 mm from the end of the electrooptic array.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heuristic scheduling of capital constrained projects (1996)

Abstract The movement to product and process development projects that involve joint ventures among strategic partners, as well as the increasing prevalence of projects within organizations has led to increased implementation of project scheduling methods. It is frequently the case that a capital constraint is placed on a project, thus limiting the number and value of activities that can be scheduled to occur simultaneously. However, the quantity of capital available to schedule activities can increase as additional cash is received as progress payments for completed activities. Since the project manager'so objective is to maximize project Net Present Value (NPV), it is important for the manager to develop a schedule that balances the early receipt of progress payments (which improve NPV and increase the capital balance available), with the delay of particularly large expenditures. Due to the intractability of optimal methods, the use of heuristic methods is required to solve problems of practical size. This paper presents the first test of heuristic methods for solving this problem. We use information from a relaxed optimization‐guided model that employs information from the unconstrained NPV‐optimal problem in heuristic procedure for solving the capital constrained problem. An experimental design is employed to test the heuristics that includes multiple factor levels for a number of project characteristics, including capital utilization, frequency of progress payments, and project network structure. The results indicate very good relative performance for the optimization‐guided procedures as compared to two benchmark heuristics.