gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Post-translational Modification of Tryptophan Residues in Cardiac Mitochondrial Proteins (2003)

We examined the distribution of N-formylkynurenine, a product of the dioxidation of tryptophan residues in proteins, throughout the human heart mitochondrial proteome. This oxidized amino acid is associated with a distinct subset of proteins, including an over-representation of complex I subunits as well as complex V subunits and enzymes involved in redox metabolism. No relationship was observed between the tryptophan modification and methionine oxidation, a known artifact of sample handling. As the mitochondria were isolated from normal human heart tissue and not subject to any artificially induced oxidative stress, we suggest that the susceptible tryptophan residues in this group of proteins are "hot spots" for oxidation in close proximity to a source of reactive oxygen species in respiring mitochondria.
Optical clocks and low noise frequency synthesis using femtosecond lasers (2004)

We describe the role and performance of femtosecond lasers used in optical clocks. The femtosecond laser functions as a broadband, low-noise synthesizer that converts optical frequencies to the microwave domain, and vice versa.
Cellulose: Structure, Modification and Hydrolysis (1986)

CELLULOSE STRUCTURE AND BIOSYNTHESIS: Natural Celluloses Recent X-Ray Crystallographic Studies of Celluloses Structure of Cellulose - Solvent Complexes Pea Cellulose and Xyloglucan: Biosynthesis and Biodegradation The Primary Cell Wall: A New Model Structure, Swelling and Bonding of Cellulose Fibers Cellulose Carbamate Description and Analysis of Cellulose Ethers Novel Methods for Accelerating Photografting of Monomers to Cellulose Anionic Graft Polymerizatoin onto Cellulose Economic Analysis of an Innovative Process for Cellulose Acetate Production Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Solutions of Cellulose Derivates Structkural Investigations on Some Cellulose Derivtives in the Crystalline and Liquid Crystaline State Appendixes Index.
An IDE framework for grid application development (2008)

Grid computing enables the aggregation of a large number of computational resources for solving complex scientific and engineering problems. However, writing, deploying, and testing grid applications over highly heterogeneous and distributed infrastructure are complex and error prone. A number of grid integrated development environments (IDEs) have been proposed and implemented to simplify grid application development. This paper presents an extension to our previous work on a grid IDE in the form of a software framework with a well-defined API and an event mechanism. It provides novel tools to automate routine grid programming tasks and allow programmable actions to be invoked based on certain events. Its system model regards resources as first-class objects in the IDE and allows tight integration between the execution platforms and the code development process. We discuss how the framework improves the process of grid application development.
Barriers to successful tuberculosis treatment in Tomsk, Russian Federation: non-adherence, default and the acquisition of multidrug resistance (2007)

In this cohort of Russian TB patients, substance abuse was a strong predictor of non-adherence and default. DOTS programmes may benefit from incorporating measures to diagnose and treat alcohol misuse within the medical management of patients undergoing TB therapy. Multidrug-resistant TB occurred among adherent patients who had been hospitalized in the course of their therapy. This raises the possibility that treatment for drug-sensitive disease unmasked a pre-existing population of drug-resistant organisms, or that these patients were reinfected with a drug-resistant strain of TB.
Method To Reduce Milling and Trip Times During the Recovery Operations of Permanent Production Packers (2006)

Abstract There are many situations that require the removal of a production packer from a wellbore, whether it is a planned workover or a stuck packer during the completion process. In all cases, the packer must be washed over and recovered or milled up and pushed down to the bottom of the wellbore. Most of the methods used today are the same tools and techniques that have been in use for the last 30 or so years. These methods incorporate a shoe or milling head with a specific type retrieving tool to catch the packer after milling away the slips, and were designed for packers that came with millout extensions or blank bottoms. Today, however, packers are being run with seal bore extensions instead of millout extensions. Packers are being manufactured with more exotic materials and high chrome metals. These materials present a milling challenge -- not only do they create longer milling times, but they also usually require two or more trips to mill and recover the packer. A new method of milling has been specifically designed to reduce milling and trip times in these modern packers. This new method allows an operator to engage a smooth packer bore and completely remove all of the packer material and slips rather than removing only the outside material and leaving the packer mandrel. This milling procedure is quicker and produces smaller amounts of debris, therefore reducing milling times. The milling heads can be dressed with the most up-to-date cutting structures that will optimize the removal of the packer material depending on whether it is standard grade or of a high-tensile, high-chrome content. This paper will discuss the process and operational procedures pertaining to this new method, along with case histories. The paper will detail the advantages of this method and the tools used, as opposed to the conventional methods and tools that are widely used through out the world today.
Natural radioactivity, earthquakes, and the ionosphere (2007)

Air ionization produced by natural ground radioactivity, mainly by radon emanating from the Earth's crust, is a primary source of ions in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) of the atmosphere over land [ Hoppel et al. , 1986]. These ions provide the air conductivity responsible for fair weather vertical electric current in the global electric circuit (GEC), a system of stationary electric currents between the ground and ionosphere driven by global thunderstorm activity. This activity is considered an electric generator of the potential difference between the ground and ionosphere (200–600 kilovolts), and the return downward current closes the circuit in the areas of fair weather [ Roble and Tzur , 1986]. The upper closing limit of this circuit is of the altitude of 60 kilometers. At altitudes higher than 60 kilometers, cosmic rays and solar radiation also contribute to air ionization.
Relating Quality Characteristics of Aged Eggs and Fresh Eggs to Vitelline Membrane Strength as Determined by a Texture Analyzer (2000)

The TA-XT21 texture analyzer (TA) was used to evaluate vitelline membrane strength (VMS). Fresh and aged (1 wk at 25 C) eggs (n = 48 eggs x 2 replications) were evaluated. Fresh and aged eggs were further divided into two groups of yolk only or whole egg (with intact albumen). Yolk index, Haugh units, pH, broken-out egg weights, VMS, yolk viscosity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were evaluated. Results from the TA indicated a decrease in VMS in aged eggs compared to fresh eggs and in yolk-only eggs compared to whole eggs. The SEM images indicated a loss of structural integrity in aged eggs as compared to fresh eggs. As expected, aged eggs also had higher albumen and yolk pH, lower Haugh units, lower yolk index, and decreased viscosity compared to fresh eggs. There were no differences in broken-out egg weights or whole egg pH between fresh and aged eggs. As the yolk membrane strength increased, yolk index (r = 0.59) and Haugh units (r = 0.56) decreased, and yolk pH (r = -0.64) and albumen pH (r = -0.57) increased. The study suggests that the TA combined with the modified extrusion cell may be effective in determining VMS. In addition, yolk index, Haugh units, and yolk and albumen pH may be used to predict changes in VMS.
Intramolecular [2 + 2] ketene cycloadditions. Synthesis of isoflavones and 3-aroylbenzofurans (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular [2 + 2] ketene cycloadditions. Synthesis of isoflavones and 3-aroylbenzofuransWilliam T. Brady and Yi Qi GuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 7, 1353–1356Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00242a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00242a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views672Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Further Studies on Spot Tests and Microcrystal Tests for Identification of Cocaine (2003)

The presence of cocaine in illicit drug samples is still being determined in some laboratories using spot tests and microcrystal tests. Seventeen chemical species were tested using three different spot tests (Wagner, Marquis, and cobalt thiocyanate followed by stannous chloride reactions) and two microcrystal tests (gold chloride and platinic chloride) to determine whether the results could be differentiated from the results of these tests on cocaine. The data obtained indicated that nine of the 17 compounds gave results similar to those from cocaine using the three spot tests, but that the results from microcrystal testing allowed for differentiation of all nine compounds from cocaine.
Effects of Mannooligosaccharides from Coffee Mannan on Blood Pressure in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats (2008)

Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats, serving as a model of hereditary hypertension, were used to examine the effect of mannooligosaccharides (MOS) on blood pressure. Dahl-S rats were induced to develop hypertension by administering them with a 1.25% salt solution ad libitum. In a 10-wk experimental period, the Dahl-S control and MOS groups developed and maintained significantly higher blood pressure than the Dahl salt-resistant normal control group. The MOS group showed a significantly lower blood pressure than the Dahl-S control group after 5-wk of treatment (p<0.05). In addition, the serum aldosterone level of the MOS group significantly decreased (p<0.05). The findings of this study using a model of hypertensive rats suggest that MOS are able to suppress an elevation in blood pressure.
Device Characteristics of Single-Gate Vertical Channel (SGVC) 3D NAND Flash Architecture (2016)

Device characteristics of single-gate vertical channel (SGVC) 3D NAND architecture are discussed in detail. The most important feature of SGVC is that the memory cell is a flat-channel device in 3D, different from the more often used gate-all-around (GAA) macaroni cell. Through various device optimizations, we have successfully produced excellent cell initial performances and more than 10V peak P/E window for each memory cell. In sharp contrast to the GAA cell, the SGVC flat cell naturally has superior layer-to-layer device uniformity that tolerates non-ideal vertical etching. Memory window managements in MLC and TLC applications are discussed. It is found that the major interference factor comes from the WL to WL interference. The root cause of WL interference is identified to be the channel potential interaction between the selected gate and neighbor WL in a junction-free 3D NAND. Random grain boundary trap effect further deteriorates the WL interference. It is found that the commonly adopted WL iterating algorithms in conventional FG NAND is also suitable for our SGVC 3D NAND to provide very tight Vt distribution for MLC and TLC applications.
Stress in Leached Phase‐Separated Glass (1985)

When a phase‐separated glass is leached, stresses develop because of release of thermal stresses, creation of surface area, ion exchange, and hydration. Analyses are presented for the thermal stresses, including the portion that develops on cooling from the heat‐treatment temperature to the setting temperature of the less viscous phase. During leaching, the interfacial energy of the residual phase increases, so that phase tends to contract. A more important effect is the contraction caused by removal of alkali and B 2 O 3 from the residual phase during leaching. The extent of removal of B 2 O 2 decreases with heat‐treatment time, t H , because the scale of the microstructure increases as t 1/3 H . The change in residual B 2 O 2 content with t H is shown to be consistent with diffusion‐controlled ion exchange. The dependence of stress on t H in partially leached glasses, measured by Drexhage and Gupta, results principally from the change in extent of ion exchange; the reduction in surface area with increasing t H also has a significant effect on the stresses.
Thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine as a clinical biomarker in atopic dermatitis (2014)

Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) is a member of the T-helper 2 chemokine family. In Japan, serum TARC level has been commercially measured since 2008. After years of experience, we realized that TARC is an extremely useful clinical biomarker for atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment. Usually, physicians conduct a visual examination to determine whether their treatment has been successful; however, the visual examination results may not always be accurate; in such cases, serum TARC levels should be measured to eliminate any ambiguity regarding the treatment outcome. When the waning and waxing of eczema and fluctuations in the serum TARC levels were considered, we frequently found that AD does not follow a natural course but follows non-regulated inflammatory floating caused by insufficient intermittent topical treatment. Serum TARC is a promising biomarker for remission and can be used for accurately monitoring proactive treatment for long-term control. Abnormally high serum TARC levels indicate accelerated pathogenesis of cutaneous inflammation. Rapid normalization and maintaining normal serum TARC levels using appropriate topical treatment is a reasonable strategy for alleviating inflammation without upregulating cytokine expression. Observing serum TARC levels during early intervention for severe infantile AD is worthwhile to determine initial disease activity and evaluate treatment efficacy. Appropriate control of severe early-onset infantile AD is important for improving prognosis of eczema and for preventing food allergies. Additionally, this biomarker is useful for improving patient adherence. Dermatologists will be able to make great progress in treating AD by adopting biomarkers such as TARC for accurately assessing non-visible subclinical disorders.
Traveling Waves of a Go-or-Grow Model of Glioma Growth (2018)

Glioblastoma multiforme is a deadly brain cancer in which tumor cells excessively proliferate and migrate. The first mathematical models of the spread of gliomas featured reaction-diffusion equations, and later an idea emerged through experimental study called the “Go or Grow” hypothesis in which glioma cells have a dichotomous behavior: a cell either primarily proliferates or primarily migrates. We analytically investigate an extreme form of the “Go or Grow” hypothesis where tumor cell motility and cell proliferation are considered as separate processes. Different solution types are examined via approximate solution of traveling wave equations, and we determine conditions for various wave front forms.
Rapid and Reliable Diagnostic Algorithm for Detection of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (2007)

We evaluated a two-step algorithm for detection of Clostridium difficile in 1,468 stool specimens. First, specimens were screened by an immunoassay for C. difficile glutamate dehydrogenase antigen (C.DIFF CHEK-60). Second, screen-positive specimens underwent toxin testing by a rapid toxin A/B assay (TOX A/B QUIK CHEK); toxin-negative specimens were subjected to stool culture. This algorithm allowed final results for 92% of specimens with a turnaround time of 4 h.
Clinical Evaluation of Distraction Osteogenesis in the Treatment of Mandibular Hypoplasia (2013)

The mandible was successfully elongated in 9 patients with significant decrease in overbite, overjet, and midline shift, and the actual horizontal movement needed in the correction of overjet is more than the horizontal distractor lengthening.
Treatment and prevention of obesity—are there critical periods for intervention? (2006)

Both professionals and the public view obesity, increasingly apparent in childhood, and already highly prevalent in adults in the Western world, as one of, if not, the most important public health problem of our times. The considerable effort expended on researching risk factors for obesity (a Medline search for studies examining risk factors for obesity conducted at the time of writing this editorial (November 2005) resulted in 264 326 hits) contrasts starkly with the simplicity of the key underlying problem, that obesity is largely a consequence of over-nutrition and under-activity. Despite the clarity of this message, there is little evidence-based guidance on successful, viable long-term strategies to prevent or treat obesity.We believe there is a need to develop findings from epidemiological research into coherent decisions regarding prevention and treatment interventions and ultimately appropriate polices for the improvement of public health. Our intention was that a themed issue on obesity in the International Journal of Epidemiology would contribute towards this aim. In the first half of this editorial we review the current evidence for the treatment of adult obesity and conclude that to date there is no strong evidence that such treatments have long-term benefits in terms of health gain. Clearly, lack of evidence does not equate to lack of effect and there is no doubt that most trials to date have not been large enough or had sufficiently long-term follow-up to answer these questions. On the other hand treating established obesity in adulthood may be ‘shutting the gate after the horse has bolted’. Further, epidemiology tells us that obesity is socially patterned, varies between countries, but in recent years has shown marked increases in all countries, and that what we eat and the exercise we take is largely determined by the food industry, transport policy, and the built environment (see for example the piece by Cummins and Macintyre in this issue 1 ). Thus, a population approach to the primary prevention of obesity and to the prevention of its associated diseases is more likely to be beneficial than an individual or small group level approach such as treating established obesity. Animal studies suggest that brief interventions during critical or sensitive periods of development can have lasting effects in terms of disease prevention. This seems such an exciting prospect to us that we spend the second half of this editorial considering whether there is sufficient evidence relating critical/sensitive periods of development to the risk of later obesity and its associated diseases to warrant trials in humans of such interventions.
Polymeric materials for ophthalmic drug delivery: trends and perspectives (2006)

Colloidal nanosystems based on biodegradable polymeric materials that combine the capabilities of stimulus response and molecular recognition promise significant improvements in the ocular delivery of therapeutic agents.
Vibrational excitation of water by low-energy electron scattering: Calculations and experiments (2004)

Vibrationally inelastic cross-sections of the water molecule by low-energy electron collisions are computed by solving the rigorous vibrational coupled channel (VCC) equations within a body-fixed (BF) formulation. The results have been obtained down to very low energies above the threshold openings for the three normal modes of the target. A comparison with existing experiments, and with the most recent calculations, clearly shows the good agreement with measurements achieved by our present results, especially at collision energies of less than 1 eV never analysed in previous work.
Copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxide using dialkylzinc/dihydric phenol system as catalyst (1973)

Abstract Copolymerization of carbon dioxide with epoxypropane (propylene oxide) in the presence of a diethylzinc/dihydric phenol system was examined. A spectroscopic study of the copolymer revealed that one aromatic group was introduced in the copolymer chain. The osmometric number average molecular weight of the copolymer agrees with the molecular weight deduced from spectroscopic studies. The introduction of the aromatic group into the copolymer chain takes place at the initiation step of the copolymerization, and the catalytic activities of the diethylzinc/phenol systems depend on the presence or the absence of the ZnOXOZn group, where X may be phenylene, naphthylene or other aromatic divalent residues.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ADHESION MOLECULE EXPRESSION IN DONOR KIDNEY BIOPSIES TO EARLY ALLOGRAFT DYSFUNCTION1 (2001)

Background. Renal allograft rejection is associated with the expression of adhesion molecules on vascular endothelial and tubular epithelial cells. Methods. To assess whether the number of cell adhesion molecules expressed in donor kidneys can predict early rejection or delayed graft function, kidney biopsies from 20 living and 53 cadaveric kidney donors were obtained before engraftment into the recipients and the expression of the cell adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (E-selectin) were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results. All biopsies from living donors showed significantly lower expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 compared to biopsies from cadaveric donors. There was no difference in the expression of adhesion molecules on tubular cells between transplants with primary function compared to allografts with early rejection in living donated kidneys (ICAM-1: 2±8 vs. 3±8%; VCAM-1: 9±7 vs. 1±1%), as well as in cadaveric kidneys (ICAM-1: 38±29 vs. 39±38%; VCAM-1: 55±27 vs. 48±29%). The expression of ICAM-1 molecules on tubular cells was determined to be a predictor for the occurrence of delayed graft function in cadaveric kidneys (ICAM-1: 65±24* vs. 38±29% delayed graft versus primary graft function). No delayed graft function occurred in recipients of living donated kidneys. Conclusions. These data suggest that adhesion molecule expression in donor biopsies is not a predictor for early allograft rejection, but can be used as a marker for the development of postischemic acute renal allograft failure.
Early Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase Profiles: A Novel Pathway in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2018)

Pediatric patients with ARDS have specific plasma MMP profiles associated with inflammation, endothelial injury, morbidity, and mortality. MMPs may play a role in the pathobiology of children with ARDS.