gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Closed-Chains Error Correction Technique for Turbo Product Codes (2010)

In this work, we propose a new decoding algorithm to correct closed-chains error patterns in hard-input hard-output (HIHO) turbo product codes (TPCs). The proposed technique is based on correlating the horizontal and vertical component codes to estimate the location of the erroneous bits in the closed-chain of errors, then erasure decoding is used to correct the identified bit errors. Simulation results demonstrated that, for particular codes, a noticeable coding gain improvement of about 1.5 dB can be achieved when compared to the standard sequential HIHO decoding and about 0.8 dB when compared to the non-sequential HIHO decoding. The computational complexity of the proposed decoder can be substantially reduced at moderate and high signal-to-noise ratios by stopping the iterative process when it is not more beneficial to perform further iterations.
乐池里的大老板：指挥丹尼尔·奥伦带领众演员更上一层楼 (2012)

上个月，在上海刚刚完成了那部激动人心的《波希米亚人》（La Boheme）首场演出的第二天早晨，丹尼尔·奥伦（Daniel Oren）坐在自己的酒店房间里，翻阅一本已用多时、画满各种标记的总谱。“这是我首次指挥《波希米亚人》时用的总谱，
Pattern Etching of CVD Si3 N 4 / SiO2 Composites in  HF  / Glycerol Mixtures (1980)

Solutions of concentrated (49%) aqueous in glycerol have been found to etch CVD films faster than thermally grown over a wide temperature range. Since silicon dioxide films are etched much faster than silicon nitride films in aqueous media, this result is quite surprising, and the mechanism for the etch rate reversal is not understood at present. mixtures have been used to pattern a variety of composite structures using either photoresist or metal masks.
Influences of nitrogen deficiency on the transcript levels of ammonium transporter, nitrate transporter and glutamine synthetase genes in Isochrysis galbana (Isochrysidales, Haptophyta) (2007)

Abstract Three DNA fragments belonging to genes involved in nitrogen uptake and assimilation, including a nitrate transporter gene (IgNrt2), an ammonium transporter gene (IgAmt), and a glutamine synthetase gene (IgglnII), were obtained from the marine haptophyte, Isochrysis galbana. Based on alignments of the deduced amino acid sequences, the IgNRT2 fragment shared 47% identity with the Cylindrotheca fusiformis (Bacillariophyceae) nitrate transporter, the IgAMT fragment shared 48% identity with the C. fusiformis ammonium transporter, and the IgGSII fragment shared 61% identity with Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyceae) glutamine synthetase. Southern hybridization indicated that both IgNrt2 and IgAmt may have more than one copy in the genome of I. galbana, but only a single copy was detected for IgglnII. The transcript abundances of these three genes under various nitrogen-supply conditions were monitored simultaneously by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the presence of ammoni...
A Study of Monokine Release and Natural Killer Activity in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Subjects with Farmer's Lung (1993)

We examined the interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) releasability of alveolar macrophages and the natural killer (NK) cell activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of 11 patients with Farmer's lung at different stages of the disease. Although there were some variations in the levels of monokine release, macrophages of patients with acute disease secreted significantly higher spontaneous levels of TNF alpha than did a nonfarming control group (p = 0.0002). Conversely, TNF alpha release stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was similar in patients with acute disease when compared with that in normal control subjects. IL-1 was also spontaneously secreted in significantly greater amounts by patients with acute Farmer's lung than by subjects in a control group (p = 0.0001). However, LPS-induced IL-1 release was significantly diminished in BAL macrophages from patients with acute manifestations of the disease when compared with that in control subjects (p = 0.001). Treating hypersensitivity pneumonitis with corticosteroids or by contact avoidance resulted in very significant decrease in spontaneous and LPS-stimulated IL-1 production by BAL macrophages (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.03, respectively), as well as in a decrease in spontaneous TNF alpha release that was also significant (p = 0.01). In addition, BAL cells of patients in the acute phase had a significant NK cell activity (mean +/- SEM of 18.33 +/- 2.65%). Treatment of these patients resulted in an increase in NK cell activity (mean of 40.17 +/- 7.86%), which was significantly different from values of patients with acute disease (p = 0.037).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Organoboron Mainchain Polymers (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Service engagement model for mobile advertising based on user behavior (2013)

More and more people these days carry smart mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablet computers, with them. However, the advertisements that people usually see on their mobile devices are not context-sensitive. The advertisements might have nothing to do with the current surroundings of the user or be relevant to the user's interests. Thus a service engagement model for mobile advertising based on the users' behavior is needed. By providing interesting and contextual advertising to the user, the effect of the advertisements will be more powerful.
On the Generalization Ability of On-Line Learning Algorithms (2004)

In this paper, it is shown how to extract a hypothesis with small risk from the ensemble of hypotheses generated by an arbitrary on-line learning algorithm run on an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) sample of data. Using a simple large deviation argument, we prove tight data-dependent bounds for the risk of this hypothesis in terms of an easily computable statistic M/sub n/ associated with the on-line performance of the ensemble. Via sharp pointwise bounds on M/sub n/, we then obtain risk tail bounds for kernel perceptron algorithms in terms of the spectrum of the empirical kernel matrix. These bounds reveal that the linear hypotheses found via our approach achieve optimal tradeoffs between hinge loss and margin size over the class of all linear functions, an issue that was left open by previous results. A distinctive feature of our approach is that the key tools for our analysis come from the model of prediction of individual sequences; i.e., a model making no probabilistic assumptions on the source generating the data. In fact, these tools turn out to be so powerful that we only need very elementary statistical facts to obtain our final risk bounds.
Parathyroid Hormone Enhances Fluid Shear-Induced [Ca2+]i Signaling in Osteoblastic Cells Through Activation of Mechanosensitive and Voltage-Sensitive Ca2+ Channels (2001)

Osteoblasts respond to both fluid shear and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with a rapid increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Because both stimuli modulate the kinetics of the mechanosensitive cation channel (MSCC), we postulated PTH would enhance the [Ca2+]i response to fluid shear by increasing the sensitivity of MSCCs. After a 3-minute preflow at 1 dyne/cm2, MC3T3-E1 cells were subjected to various levels of shear and changes in [Ca2+]i were assessed using Fura-2. Pretreatment with 50 nM bovine PTH(1-34) [bPTH(1-34)] significantly enhanced the shear magnitude-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i. Gadolinium (Gd3+), an MSCC blocker, significantly inhibited the mean peak [Ca2+]i response to shear and shear + bPTH(1-34). Nifedipine (Nif), an L-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel (VSCC) blocker, also significantly reduced the [Ca2+]i response to shear + bPTH(1-34), but not to shear alone, suggesting VSCC activation plays an interactive role in the action of these stimuli together. Activation of either the protein kinase C (PKC) or protein kinase A (PKA) pathways with specific agonists indicated that PKC activation did not alter the Ca2+ response to shear, whereas PKA activation significantly increased the [Ca2+]i response to lower magnitudes of shear. bPTH(1-34), which activates both pathways, induced the greatest [Ca2+]i response at each level of shear, suggesting an interaction of these pathways in this response. These data indicate that PTH significantly enhances the [Ca2+]i response to shear primarily via PKA modulation of the MSCC and VSCC.
Promoter-Proximal Introns in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Are Enriched in Dispersed Signals that Elevate Gene Expression  (2008)

Introns that elevate mRNA accumulation have been found in a wide range of eukaryotes. However, not all introns affect gene expression, and direct testing is currently the only way to identify stimulatory introns. Our genome-wide analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that promoter-proximal introns as a group are compositionally distinct from distal introns and that the degree to which an individual intron matches the promoter-proximal intron profile is a strong predictor of its ability to increase expression. We found that the sequences responsible for elevating expression are dispersed throughout an enhancing intron, as is a candidate motif that is overrepresented in first introns and whose occurrence in tested introns is proportional to its effect on expression. The signals responsible for intron-mediated enhancement are apparently conserved between Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa) despite the large evolutionary distance separating these plants.
Towards Reverse Engineering Controller Area Network Messages Using Machine Learning (2020)

The automotive Controller Area Network (CAN) allows Electronic Control Units (ECUs) to communicate with each other and control various vehicular functions such as engine and braking control. Consequently CAN and ECUs are high priority targets for hackers. As CAN implementation details are held as proprietary information by vehicle manufacturers, it can be challenging to decode and correlate CAN messages to specific vehicle operations. To understand the precise meanings of CAN messages, reverse engineering techniques that are time-consuming, manually intensive, and require a physical vehicle are typically used. This work aims to address the process of reverse engineering CAN messages for their functionality by creating a machine learning classifier that analyzes messages and determines their relationship to other messages and vehicular functions. Our work examines CAN traffic of different vehicles and standards to show that it can be applied to a wide arrangement of vehicles. The results show that the function of CAN messages can be determined without the need to manually reverse engineer a physical vehicle.
Astrocytes increase barrier properties and ZO-1 expression in retinal vascular endothelial cells. (1997)

Astrocytes release soluble, heat-labile factors that increase barrier properties and tight junction protein content. These results suggest that astrocytes enhance blood-retinal barrier properties, at least in part by increasing tight junction protein expression. Our findings suggest that glial malfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vasogenic retinal edema.
SomVarIUS: somatic variant identification from unpaired tissue samples (2015)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Oscillation Damping of a Distributed Generator Using a Virtual Synchronous Generator (2014)

These days, distributed generators (DGs), such as photovoltaic, wind turbine, and gas cogeneration systems have attracted more attention than in the past. DGs are often connected to a grid by power inverters. The inverters used in DGs are generally controlled by a phase-locked loop (PLL) in order to be synchronized with the grid. In a stability point of view, the power system will be significantly affected if the capacity of inverter-based DGs becomes larger and larger. The concept of the virtual synchronous generator (VSG), which is used to control inverters to behave like a real synchronous generator, can be considered as a solution. The VSG can produce virtual inertia from energy storage during a short operation time, and the active power can be produced by a VSG similar to a synchronous generator. In this paper, an oscillation damping approach is developed for a DG using the VSG. The method is confirmed analytically, and verified through computer simulations. Finally, some laboratory experiments are conducted using 10-kW inverters and a transmission-line simulator.
Analysis of the vascular pattern in the superficial palmar arch formation (2017)

Background: The superficial palmar arch (SPA) is the main source of arterial supply to the palm. It is an arterial arcade formed mainly by the ulnar artery and is completed by the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery or princeps pollicis artery or radialis indicis artery or median artery. The knowledge about the variations in the formation of SPA is important in reconstructive hand surgery and in radial artery grafts.
Objective: The objective of the present study is to identify the arterial patterns in the formation of superficial palmar arch and classify according to its formative tributaries.
Material and Methods: The study conducted on 69 formalin fixed hands at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore. The vascular pattern of superficial palmar arch was recorded and classified according to the variations.
Results: It was found that 96% of SPA were complete and 4% incomplete. Based on Coleman and Anson classification, type A arch was identified in 39%, type B in 17%, type C in 9%, type E in 31% and type G in 4%. Another finding was in 35% cases, the ulnar artery was highly tortuous in its course in the palm. A thin collateral or additional branch was found in 31% of the SPA.
Conclusion: These findings on the variations of SPA is essential in microvascular surgery and radial artery harvesting in coronary artery bypass graft procedure.

Keywords: Superficial Palmar Arch, Radial Artery, Ulnar Artery, Median Artery
High-Resolution 3-D Imaging Algorithm With an Envelope of Modified Spheres for UWB Through-the-Wall Radars (2009)

Through-the-wall imaging techniques with ultrawideband (UWB) radars are promising candidates for non-destructive testing and reliable human detection, especially in disaster areas, where victims are buried under collapsed walls. These applications require high-resolution target imaging to identify the object shape, such as a human body. We have already proposed a high-quality 3-dimensional (3-D) imaging algorithm in the form of envelope that is aimed at near field sensing for non-contact measurement or target identification for robots. Envelope achieves real-time accurate 3-D imaging with group mapping from multiple observed ranges to target points, and offers a reliable image even in noisy situations. However, this method does not maintain its quality for through-the-wall imaging because an observed range shift due to wall penetration causes a serious distortion in the image. This paper presents a high-resolution 3-D imaging algorithm by modifying the original envelope, and which gives a more accurate object shape behind a wall. Furthermore, to enhance the resolution of the estimated images, this method is combined with a direct waveform compensation method, known as spectrum offset correction. Numerical simulations and an experiment verify that our proposed method achieves high-resolution 3-D imaging for through-the-wall radar applications.
SOCl 2 enhanced photovoltaic conversion of single wall carbon nanotube/n-silicon heterojunctions (2008)

We report solar cells based on high-density p-n heterojunctions between single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and a n-type silicon wafer. Chemical modification by thionyl chloride of the SWCNT coating films was found to significantly increase the conversion efficiency by more than 45% through adjusting the Fermi level and increasing the carrier concentration and mobility. Electron-hole pairs are optically excited in the numerous heterojunctions formed between SOCl2-treated SWCNTs thin coating and n-type silicon substrate, and then split and transported through SWCNTs (holes) and n-Si (electrons), respectively.
Diamond crystal growth by plasma chemical vapor deposition (1988)

We have grown diamond crystals and polycrystalline diamond films from CH4/H2/O2 gas feeds in a simple, high-power density, 2450-MHz discharge tube reactor. Single-crystal growth rates over 20 μm/h have been achieved. The material has been analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, Auger spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Control of nucleation is a major problem for growing sound films, and the high temperatures currently required for growth will limit applications. Oxygen additions were necessary to deposit diamonds over the range of feed composition we studied.
Fibroblasts From Naked Mole-Rats Are Resistant to Multiple Forms of Cell Injury, But Sensitive to Peroxide, Ultraviolet Light, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2008)

Fibroblasts from long-lived mutant mice are resistant to many forms of lethal injury as well as to the metabolic effects of rotenone and low-glucose medium. Here we evaluated fibroblasts from young adult naked mole-rats (NMR; Heterocephalus glaber), a rodent species in which maximal longevity exceeds 28 years. Compared to mouse cells, NMR cells were resistant to cadmium, methyl methanesulfonate, paraquat, heat, and low-glucose medium, consistent with the idea that cellular resistance to stress may contribute to disease resistance and longevity. Surprisingly, NMR cells were more sensitive than mouse cells to H(2)O(2), ultraviolet (UV) light, and rotenone. NMR cells, like cells from Snell dwarf mice, were more sensitive to tunicamycin and thapsigargin, which interfere with the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress). The sensitivity of both Snell dwarf and NMR cells to ER stress suggests that alterations in the unfolded protein response might modulate cell survival and aging rate.
Stomach and duodenum ulcer: comparing the efficiency of three laser therapeutic techniques (2001)

An investigation was made of how effective various therapeutic techniques are in treating stomach and duodenum ulcers. The investigation was made on 105 patients (70 patients were affected by duodenum ulcer and 25 patients suffered from stomach ulcer). Three different complex laser therapeutic techniques were compared with each other and with a generally accepted drug treatment. It was found that the most pronounced therapeutic effect was observed in patients administered a complex laser technique that included drug therapy, the intravenous laser irradiation of blood, and the focal-segmental laser therapy. This complex laser therapy enabled ulcer scarring within 8 to 15 days after the beginning of the treatment (with the average scarring term of 9 days).
Automatic recognition of intermittent failures: an experimental study of field data (1990)

A methodology is proposed for recognizing the symptoms of persistent problems in large systems. The system error rate is used to identify the error states among which relationships may exist. Statistical techniques are used to validate and quantify the strength of the relationship among these error states. As input, the approach takes the raw error logs containing a single entry for each error that is detected as an isolated event. As output, it produces a list of symptoms that characterize persistent errors. Thus, given a failure, it is determined whether the failure is an intermittent manifestation of a common fault or whether it is an isolated (transient) incident. The technique is shown to work on two CYBER systems and on IBM 3081 multiprocessor system. Comparisons to real failure/repair information obtained from field engineers show that, in about 85% of the cases, the error symptoms recognized by this approach correspond to real problems. The remaining 15% of the cases, although not directly supported by field data, are confirmed as being valid problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Beyond Common Sense in Educational Restructuring: The Issues of Content and Linkage (1993)

Common sense proposals for restructuring schools suggest promising directions, but in order for this potential to be fulfilled, two major issues must be addressed: What content is needed to give educational direction to the structures, and how can the many factors that influence this content be linked? This article proposes an agenda of content for teacher commitment and competence, and it identifies four problems of systemic linkage that restructuring "theory" has yet to address. Solutions to each of these issues will require resolution of persisting conflict over education goals.
DNA deformation in gel electrophoresis (1993)

A quantitative study of the rise, magnitude, and decay of birefringence of DNA in agarose gel under an electric pulse E has been performed. It provides us with the molecular weight dependence of the characteristic times which describe the deformation of the chain during the transport and which are the parameters requested for designing electric pulse programs for pulsed field gel electrophoresis capable of achieving separation of DNA fragments of very high molecular weight.
A study of the corner effect in trench-like isolated structures (1990)

In trenchlike isolated devices, several parasitic effects exist. In a real-case test simulation, two such effects are shown. The most difficult to handle is the corner effect at the convex and concave corners in the structure. The corner effect is studied for two simple structures where no other parasitic effect exists. This makes it possible to look at the controlling factors of the effect and to formulate possible solutions of the corner effect. Results show that the corner effect is very strong, even with low gate bias and oxide charge density (Q/sub f/) values. To eliminate the inversion of the convex corner, doping levels higher than 1E17/cm/sup 3/ are necessary when Q/sub f/>or=1E11/cm/sup 2/. It is shown that rounding the convex corner is a very effective way to eliminate the effect. However, to minimize the area loss, a compromise must be chosen between the substrate doping concentration (N/sub sub/), oxide thickness, and rounding radius. Furthermore, the carrier concentration in the corner is controlled by the neighborhood of a biased drain (well). This can have an important influence on the leakage currents along a trench. The corner effect in a concave structure seems to have a very strong pinning function on the potential. Sharp corners prevent leakage currents around a trench, even with a relatively low N/sub sub/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Direct Digital Temperature, Humidity, and Condensate Control for a Dedicated Outdoor Air-Ceiling Radiant Cooling Panel System (2005)

The central thrust of this paper is to provide automation and control design guidance for engineers considering dedicated outdoor air systems (DOAS) operating in parallel with ceiling radiant cooling panel systems (CRCP) in nonresidential commercial and institutional applications. The paper identifies the issues that must be addressed in the design of the control system and illustrates that the controls need not be complicated. The simplicity of the controls is demonstrated via a case study of an existing DOAS-CRCP facility. Finally, the control challenges presented by low-occupancy spaces such as offices will be contrasted with those of high-density spaces such as schools and places of assembly.