gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of translation and attenuation in the control of pyrBI operon expression in Escherichia coli K-12 (1985)

Expression of the pyrBI operon of Escherichia coli K-12, which encodes the subunits of the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme aspartate transcarbamylase, is negatively regulated by the intracellular levels of UTP. Previous experiments suggested a unique model for regulation of operon expression in which low UTP levels cause close coupling of transcription and translation of the pyrBI leader region. This close coupling suppresses transcriptional termination at an attenuator preceding the structural genes. In this study, we examined the regulatory role of translation and attenuation in operon expression. To determine whether the leader region is translated, we constructed a plasmid, designated pBHM17, in which the pyrBI promoter(s) and the first 11 codons for a putative 44-amino acid leader polypeptide are fused to codon 9 of lacZ. A transformant carrying this plasmid synthesized a beta-galactosidase fusion protein with the amino-terminal sequence of the leader polypeptide, demonstrating that the signals required for leader polypeptide synthesis function in vivo. Synthesis of the fusion protein was nearly insensitive to pyrimidine availability. In uracil-grown cells, the level of fusion protein synthesis encoded by plasmid pBHM17 was much greater than that encoded by a similar plasmid containing a pyrB::lacZ gene fusion, in which the pyrBI promoter-regulatory region is intact. These results indicate that the downstream leader sequence which includes the attenuator is required for regulation and functions as a transcriptional barrier. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to change the ATG leader polypeptide initiation codon of the intact pyrBI operon to ACG, which was shown to strongly inhibit translational initiation. This mutation greatly reduced operon expression and regulation as predicted by the attenuation control model.
A Cloud Certificate Authority Architecture for Virtual Machines with Trusted Platform Module (2015)

With the advent of cloud computing era, cloud security has become one of the core issues to focus on, especially the security risks caused by virtualization. This research combined with the trusted computing and cloud computing security, establish a credible system by using the authentication center (CA) and trusted platform module (TPM). The study take the CA as the root of trust cloud computing platform. The server uses the TPM module through the operations of acquisition, registration, certification for the certification, and the operations of new construction, launch, running, transfer and maintenance for the virtual machine (VM), we can design and implement the trusted ensure of the security. The study designed the trusted module which take the TPM chip as the core, the develop the VM complete credible system and measurement algorithm. VM authentication mechanism and the access user authentication mechanism of VM.
Evidence of FCC Crystallization of SiO<sub>2</sub> Nanospheres (1997)

It is well-known that stacking of hard spheres results in close-packed structures. However, until recently, it was not clear which of the various possible phases (cubic, hexagonal, mixed, or random) was the stable one. We have performed a microscopy characterization of solid crystals made of monodisperse SiO2 nanometric spheres. It was found that, for a wide range of particle diameters, the cubic phase is the only one present. This largely serves to confirm recent theoretical calculations by L. V. Woodcock which conclude that the cubic phase is the most stable one. This opens new prospects in the application of colloidal crystals to photonic band gap engineering.
Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: A summary of the Fifteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XV). II. Drugs in more advanced clinical development (2020)

The Fifteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XV) was held as a fully virtual conference from July 27 to July 30, 2020 for the sessions on drugs, and on August 3, 2020 for the sessions on devices. A total of 534 delegates from 63 countries attended lectures and interactive discussions, representing a broad range of disciplines from basic science, clinical research, and clinical care. This progress report provides summaries of recent findings on investigational compounds for which preclinical data as well as data from patient studies were presented. The report includes the following five compounds: anakinra, cenobamate, CVL-865, fenfluramine, and ganaxolone, all with novel modes of action compared to more established antiepileptic drugs. Some of these compounds demonstrated promising results in placebo-controlled phase 3 trials, and two have recently received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These include cenobamate, which was approved by the FDA on November 21, 2019 for the treatment of partial onset (focal) seizures in adults, and fenfluramine oral solution, which was approved by the FDA on June 25, 2020 for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome in patients 2 years and older.
A High-Gain Reflex-Based Bidirectional DC Charger with Efficient Energy Recycling for Low-Voltage Battery Charging-Discharging Power Control (2018)

This study proposes a high-gain reflex-charging-based bidirectional DC charger (RC-BDC) to enhance the battery charging efficiency of light electric vehicles (LEV) in a DC-microgrid. The proposed charger topology consists of an unregulated level converter (ULC) and a two-phase interleaved buck-boost charge-pump converter (IBCPC), which together provide low ripple and high voltage conversion ratio. As the high-gain RC-BDC charges, the LEV’s battery with reflex charging currents, high battery charging efficiency, and prolonged battery life cycles are achieved. This is possible due to the recovering of negative pulse energy of reflex charging currents to reduce charge dissipations within LEV’s batteries. Derivations of the operating principles of the high-gain RC-BDC, analyses of its topology, and the closed-loop control designs were presented. Simulations and experiments were implemented with battery voltage of 48 V and DC-bus voltage of 400 V for a 500 W prototype. The results verify the feasibility of the proposed concept and were compared with the typical constant-current/constant-voltage (CC/CV) charger. The comparison shows that the proposed high gain RC-BDC improves battery charging speed and reduces the battery thermal deterioration effect by about 12.7% and 25%, respectively.
A crossing charge recycle refresh scheme with a separated driver sense-amplifier for Gb DRAMs (2002)

A crossing charge recycle refresh (CCRR) scheme is proposed for large capacity DRAMs with hierarchical bit-line architecture, which reduces main bit-line charging current to 25% of that of conventional DRAMs. A separated driver sense-amplifier (SDSA) circuit is essential to realize this scheme because it features 11 times shorter charge transfer period than that of conventional sense amplifiers. These circuits are applied to an experimental 1-Gb DRAM.
Characteristics of passive UHF RFID tags on metal slabs (2009)

The characterization of passive UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is a field that has previously garnered a tremendous amount of interest. Passive UHF RFID tags operate at the Industrial, Science, and Medicine (ISM) allowed band of 902 MHz to 928 MHz in the United States, and is limited to 4W of effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The main characteristics of the typical passive UHF RFID tag is the gain of the tag throughout the frequency range of operation, the transmission and reflection coefficients, the application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and the mechanical or physical limitations caused by the construction of the tag itself. From a broader perspective, the performance as a whole of the typical tag is dependent on the frequencies, number of tags in the field, obstacles in the environment, humidity, temperature, radio frequency (RF) interference (noise), tag to reader separation, polarization mismatches, effective radar cross-section (RCS), and reader identification algorithm [1]. Similarly, the factors that are used to describe the governing effect of the typical tag communication rate (or read rate) are the tag antenna design, as well as the tag design and implementation [1, 2]. Here, the tag antenna is typically derived by responses due to the antenna size, polarization, and directionality [1]. The free space characteristics of passive UHF RFID tags are well known [1-5]. However, their operation on metal plates or slabs has not previously produced significant research. Passive UHF RFID tags are known to be less operable around metallic slabs due to the detuning of the tag frequency response, as well as the power of the tag reply.
Diversity of α‐halocarboxylic acid dehalogenases in bacteria isolated from a pristine soil after enrichment and selection on the herbicide 2,2‐dichloropropionic acid (Dalapon) (2003)

Five pure cultures of bacteria (strains DA1-5) able to degrade 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (22DCPA) were isolated for the first time from pristine bulk soil samples. From 16S rDNA analysis, it was concluded that strains DA2, DA3 and DA4 were members of the Bradyrhizobium subgroup (alpha-Proteobacteria), strain DA5 clustered in the Brucella assemblage (alpha-Proteobacteria) and strain DA1 clustered in the beta-Proteobacteria. Biochemical and molecular analysis of the dehalogenases from the isolates showed that these enzymes were quite diverse. Several dehalogenases were closely related to group I and II alpha-halocarboxylic acid dehalogenases, and partial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were obtained from isolates DA1, 2, 3 and 4 using degenerate dehalogenase primers. However, no PCR products were obtained from isolate DA5 using either of the group I or II alpha-halocarboxylic acid dehalogenase primers. Isolates DA2 and DA4 contained putative silent dehalogenases. The investigation highlighted the endemic nature of these genes in pristine environments and how diverse these were even from spatially close samples.
Deep End-to-end 3D Person Detection from Camera and Lidar (2019)

We present a method for 3D person detection from camera images and lidar point clouds in automotive scenes. The method comprises a deep neural network which estimates the 3D location and extent of persons present in the scene. 3D anchor proposals are refined in two stages: a region proposal network and a subsequent detection network.For both input modalities high-level feature representations are learned from raw sensor data instead of being manually designed. To that end, we use Voxel Feature Encoders [1] to obtain point cloud features instead of widely used projection-based point cloud representations, thus allowing the network to learn to predict the location and extent of persons in an end-to-end manner.Experiments on the validation set of the KITTI 3D object detection benchmark [2] show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods with an average precision (AP) of 47.06% on moderate difficulty.
Silicon Diffraction Gratings For Multilayer Structures (1987)

Anisotropic etching was used to fabricate diffraction gratings on silicon wafers for use as substrates for layered synthetic multilayers. We worked with (110) and (100) oriented wafers to achieve etched sidewall angles of 35.3°, 46.5°, 54.7°, and 90°. Contact lithography was used to print gratings with a 20p period in order to evaluated the quality of the etched sidewalls. Projection lithography was used to print gratings with a 2μ period. Blazed gratings were fabricated from (111) oriented wafers cut 6° off the normal to the growth direction. A crystal alignment technique is described that allowed us to align the gratings to better than 0.1° of the correct crystal direction. Measurements are reported on the smoothness of etched silicon surfaces using three different etches.
Defining the radiation chemistry during liquid cell electron microscopy to enable visualization of nanomaterial growth and degradation dynamics (2016)

We present a critical review of methods for defining the chemical environment during liquid cell electron microscopy investigation of electron beam induced nanomaterial growth and degradation. We draw from the radiation chemistry and liquid cell electron microscopy literature to present solution chemistry and electron beam-based methods for selecting the radiolysis products formed and their relative amount during electron irradiation of liquid media in a transmission electron microscope. We outline various methods for establishing net oxidizing or net reducing reaction environments and propose solvents with minimal overall production of radicals under the electron beam. Exemplary liquid cell electron microscopy experiments in the fields of nanoparticle nucleation, growth, and degradation along with recommendations for best practices and experimental parameters are reported. We expect this review will provide researchers with a useful toolkit for designing general chemistry and materials science liquid cell electron microscopy experiments by 'directing' the effect of the electron beam to understand fundamental mechanisms of dynamic nanoscale processes as well as minimizing radiation damage to samples.
Pathogenomics of the staphylococci: insights into niche adaptation and the emergence of new virulent strains (2008)

Because of its importance as a major human and animal pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus has been the focus of intensive research efforts. At the time of writing, the genomes of 14 isolates of S. aureus have been published and released into the public domain with many more genome sequencing projects underway, representing an excellent resource for studies of bacterial evolution and pathogenesis. Recently, whole genome sequences of several other species of the Staphylococcus genus have been completed allowing a comparative genomic analysis of the adaptation of different species to their natural habitats. Here, we summarize selected comparative genomic studies that have contributed to our understanding of how staphylococci adapt to different environments, combat antibiotics and acquire increased virulence.
Quercetin, a bioflavonoid, inhibits the increase of human multidrug resistance gene (<i>MDR1</i>) expression caused by arsenite (1992)

Expression of the MDR1 gene, which encodes P-glycoprotein, is increased under some stress conditions. We have reported that quercetin, a bioflavonoid, inhibits the expression of heat-shock proteins. We have identified the effects of quercetin on the MDR1 gene expression in the human hepatocarcinoma cells line, HepG2. The increase of P-glycoprotein synthesis and MDR1 mRNA accumulation caused by exposure to arsenite were inhibited by quercetin. The CAT assay suggested that quercetin suppressed the transcriptional activation of the MDR1 gene after exposure to arsenite. Although many drugs that prevent the P-glycoprotein function have been reported, this is the first report to describe the inhibition of MDR1 expression by a reagent.
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Using Premixed Hydrated Ethanol and Direct Injection Diesel (2012)

The present study uses numerical simulations to explore the use of hydrated (wet) ethanol for reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) operation in a heavy duty diesel engine. RCCI uses in-cylinder blending of a low reactivity fuel with a high reactivity fuel and has demonstrated significant fuel efficiency and emissions benefits using a variety of fuels, including gasoline and diesel. Combustion timing is controlled by the local blended fuel reactivity (i.e., octane number), and the combustion duration can be controlled by establishing optimized gradients in fuel reactivity in the combustion chamber. In the present study, the low reactivity fuel was hydrated ethanol while the higher reactivity fuel was diesel. First, the effect of water on ethanol/water/diesel mixtures in completely premixed HCCI combustion was investigated using GT-Power and single-zone CHEMKIN simulations. The results showed that the main impact of the water in the ethanol is to reduce the initial in-cylinder temperature due to vaporization cooling. Next, multi-dimensional engine modeling was performed using the KIVA code at engine loads from 5 to 17 bars IMEP at 1300 rev/min with various grades of hydrated ethanol and a fixed diesel fraction of the total fuel. The results show that hydrated ethanol can be used in RCCI combustion with gross indicated thermal efficiencies up to 55% and very low emissions. A 70/30 ethanol/water mixture (by mass) was found to yield the best results across the entire load range without the need for EGR.
Effects of human pregnancy on cardiac autonomic function above and below the ventilatory threshold (2001)

This study examined the effects of human pregnancy on heart rate variability (HRV), spontaneous baroreflex (SBR) sensitivity, and plasma catecholamines at rest and during exercise. Subjects were 14 healthy, physically active pregnant women (PG; mean gestational age = 33.9 +/- 1.0 wk). Results were compared with an age-matched nonpregnant control group (NPG; n = 14) with similar characteristics. The electrocardiographic R-wave-R-wave interval and systolic blood pressure (via finger plethysmograph) were measured on a beat-to-beat basis at rest and during upright cycling at 60 and 110% of the ventilatory threshold (T(vent)). Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) modulation (as reflected by HRV high-frequency/total power and SBR slope) was significantly reduced at rest in the PG vs. the NPG. During exercise, PNS modulation decreased significantly in both groups, but the magnitude of PNS withdrawal from rest to 110% T(vent) was smaller in the PG vs. NPG. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) modulation (reflected by the low-frequency power-to-high-frequency power ratio) increased above resting values at 60 and 110% T(vent) in the NPG. SNS modulation at 110% T(vent) was significantly lower in the PG compared with the NPG. Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were also lower at 110% T(vent) in the PG. It was concluded that healthy pregnant women exhibit lower PNS modulation at rest and blunted SNS modulation during exercise above T(vent) in late gestation.
Capacity regions for wireless ad hoc networks (2003)

We define and study capacity regions for ad hoc wireless networks with an arbitrary number of nodes and topology. These regions describe the set of achievable rate combinations between all source-destination pairs in the network under various transmission strategies, such as variable rate transmission, single hop or multihop routing, power control, and successive interference cancellation. With slight modifications, the developed formulation can handle multihop cellular networks, time-varying flat-fading channels and node mobility. Numerical results indicate that multihop routing, spatial reuse, and successive interference cancellation significantly increase the capacity of the network. On the other hand, gains by power control are not significant when the transmission rate is adapted to the channel SINR. We also find that time-varying flat fading and node mobility improve the performance of the network. Similar trends are observed for the special case of multihop cellular networks.
Forehead Pulse Oximetry (2006)

Application of up to 20 mmHg pressure on the forehead pulse oximetry sensor using an elastic tensioning headband significantly reduced reading errors and provided consistent performance when subjects were placed between supine and up to 15 degrees head-down incline (Trendelenburg position).
A de Novo Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Laulimalide (2002)

An enantioselective total synthesis of the naturally occurring anticancer agent (-)-laulimalide is described. The synthesis is characterized by extensive use of new reaction methodologies based on catalytic asymmetric acyl halide-aldehyde cyclocondensation (AAC) reactions and transformations of the derived enantioenriched beta-lactones. The synthesis also incorporates a unique allenylstannane glycal acetate alkylation and chemoselective ring-closing metathesis reaction.
Dextroamphetamine (but Not Atomoxetine) Induces Reanimation from General Anesthesia: Implications for the Roles of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in Active Emergence (2015)

Methylphenidate induces reanimation (active emergence) from general anesthesia in rodents, and recent evidence suggests that dopaminergic neurotransmission is important in producing this effect. Dextroamphetamine causes the direct release of dopamine and norepinephrine, whereas atomoxetine is a selective reuptake inhibitor for norepinephrine. Like methylphenidate, both drugs are prescribed to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In this study, we tested the efficacy of dextroamphetamine and atomoxetine for inducing reanimation from general anesthesia in rats. Emergence from general anesthesia was defined by return of righting. During continuous sevoflurane anesthesia, dextroamphetamine dose-dependently induced behavioral arousal and restored righting, but atomoxetine did not (n = 6 each). When the D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH-23390 was administered prior to dextroamphetamine under the same conditions, righting was not restored (n = 6). After a single dose of propofol (8 mg/kg i.v.), the mean emergence times for rats that received normal saline (vehicle) and dextroamphetamine (1 mg/kg i.v.) were 641 sec and 404 sec, respectively (n = 8 each). The difference was statistically significant. Although atomoxetine reduced mean emergence time to 566 sec (n = 8), this decrease was not statistically significant. Spectral analysis of electroencephalogram recordings revealed that dextroamphetamine and atomoxetine both induced a shift in peak power from δ (0.1-4 Hz) to θ (4-8 Hz) during continuous sevoflurane general anesthesia, which was not observed when animals were pre-treated with SCH-23390. In summary, dextroamphetamine induces reanimation from general anesthesia in rodents, but atomoxetine does not induce an arousal response under the same experimental conditions. This supports the hypothesis that dopaminergic stimulation during general anesthesia produces a robust behavioral arousal response. In contrast, selective noradrenergic stimulation causes significant neurophysiological changes, but does not promote behavioral arousal during general anesthesia. We hypothesize that dextroamphetamine is more likely than atomoxetine to be clinically useful for restoring consciousness in anesthetized patients, mainly due to its stimulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission.
The irruption of polymers from renewable resources on the scene of macromolecular science and technology (2011)

The last few decades have witnessed a spiralling growth of interest in polymers from renewable resources within both the scientific and industrial communities. This review attempts to illustrate this state of affairs through a panoramic overview of recent progress in the most relevant areas related to such materials, including the polymerisation of natural monomers and their derivatives, the exploitation of biopolymers, as such, or after appropriate modifications, as well as the preparation of composites and blends. Because of the sheer size and depth of the field, no attempt has been made here to provide a comprehensive coverage, emphasis being placed instead on conveying the extent and originality of contributions reported in the last few years in important domains like sugars and polysaccharides, vegetable oils, lignin, pine resin derivatives, furans, and a series of other monomers.
Physical aspects of cavity formation of Er-laser radiation (1995)

New possibilities of hard tooth tissues removal efficiency increasing by YAG:Er laser radiation, optimum focusing, reduction of pulse duration, spray and contour method are investigated and demonstrated in the present work.