gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Our Pass-Fail Moment: Livable Ecology, Capitalism, Occupy, and What is to be Done (2012)

The ecological crisis is the leading issue of “our or any time” posing grave threats to a decent and democratic future. If the environmental catastrophe isn’t forestalled, “everything else we’re talking about won’t matter” (Noam Chomsky). Like other issues leftists cite as major developments of the last half-century, the environmental crisis is intimately bound up with numerous other deep changes (growing inequality, authoritarian neoliberalism, corporate globalization, U.S. imperial expansion, and more) and grounded in the imperatives of capital and the profits system. Tackling the crisis in a meaningful way will bring numerous related and collateral benefits (including significant opportunities for socially useful and necessary work/employment) beyond and alongside environmental survival. To prioritize ecology is not to demote or delay radical social reconstruction. It means the elevation and escalation of the red project. It is highly unlikely that the crisis can be solved within the framework of capitalism. This article was originally delivered as a Keynote Address at the Rouge Forum 2012: Occupy Education! Class Conscious Pedagogies and Social Change, on June 21, 2012 at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.
Optical determination of flexoelectric coefficients and surface polarization in a hybrid aligned nematic cell (2001)

We present an optical study of the influence of both the flexoelectric effect and surface polarization on a hybrid-aligned nematic cell using the half-leaky guided mode technique. Tilt angle profiles, obtained from fits of experimental data (reflectivity curves) taken under applied voltages, are compared with the ones derived by a complete theoretical model. Measurements with an applied alternating voltage allow the evaluation of the anchoring energy by solving the torque balance equation at the planar surface. From measurements with static fields, the sum of flexoelectric coefficients and the surface polarization are determined by numerical solution of Euler-Lagrange equations.
Strong Hierarchically Porous Monoliths by Pulsed Current Processing of Zeolite Powder Assemblies (2010)

Binderless hierarchically porous monoliths have been produced from silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 zeolite powders by a rapid and facile powder processing method where the zeolite powders are assembled in a graphite die and subjected simultaneously to a compressive pressure and a pulsed current. Pulsed current processing (PCP) or, as it is commonly called, spark plasma sintering, enables rapid thermal processing of zeolite powder assemblies with heating and cooling rates at 100 degrees C/minute or more, which results in the formation of strong powder bodies without any addition of secondary binders. Nitrogen adsorption measurements show that it is possible to form strong zeolite monoliths by PCP that maintain between 85 and 95% of the surface area of the as-received silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 powders. Line-broadening analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data by the Rietveld method and high-resolution electron microscopy showed that the formation of strong interparticle bonds is associated with a local amorphization reaction at the interfacial contact points between the zeolite particles. The PCP-treated binderless ZSM-5 monoliths display a high selectivity in xylene isomer separation.
Practitioner-researcher Imaginations: Teaching Social Research to Health Science Undergraduates (2008)

Background: Health practitioners’ use of research in clinical practice is a requirement of evidence based practice. However, the medical and educational literature laments the gap between research and practice. There are multiple barriers to health professionals’ use of research in practice such as the different cultures of research and practice; research is rarely taught at undergraduate medical school in a comprehensive way and many students do not enjoy research subjects because research skills are perceived as irrelevant to practice. Moving beyond the current debates about the gap and differences between research and practice, which typically posit either/or solutions, I argue for multiplicities, mixtures and the crossing of boundaries. I argue that divisions between practitioners and researchers, theory and practice are artificial and propose a practitioner-researcher imagination. I also suggest the use of multiple teaching and learning methods in the teaching of research.\n\nMethod: The suggested mixtures (in identity and teaching methods) are explored by reflecting on a first year Health Science subject in the Medical Faculty at Monash University in Australia which involves students in professional issues such as research skills. Students are encouraged to craft identities as practitioner-researchers. \nConclusions: By identifying as practitioner-researchers and conducting research, students should be better equipped to engage critically with evidence, rather than uncritically applying scientific evidence in clinical practice. The challenges posed by embracing mixtures, particularly a practitioner-researcher approach, are\ndiscussed and hopeful suggestions for encouraging students to become practitioner-researchers are suggested.
Application of Euler Parameters to the Dynamic Analysis of Three-Dimensional Constrained Mechanical Systems (1982)

This paper presents a computer-based method for formulation and efficient solution of nonlinear, constrained differential equations of motion for spatial dynamic analysis of mechanical systems. Nonlinear holonomic constraint equations and differential equations of motion are written in terms of a maximal set of Cartesian generalized coordinates, three translational and four rotational coordinates for each rigid body in the system, where the rotational coordinates are the Euler parameters. Euler parameters, in contrast to Euler angles or any other set of three rotational generalized coordinates, have no critical singular cases. The maximal set of generalized coordinates facilitates the general formulation of constraints and forcing functions. A Gaussian elimination algorithm with full pivoting decomposes the constraint Jacobian matrix, identifies dependent variables, and constructs an influence coefficient matrix relating variations in dependent and indpendent variables. This information is employed to numerically construct a reduced system of differential equations of motion whose solution yields the total system dynamic response. A numerical integration algorithm with positive-error control, employing a predictor-corrector algorithm with variable order and step size, integrates for only the independent variables, yet effectively determines dependent variables.
On the hardness of the Learning with Errors problem with a discrete reproducible error distribution (2016)

In this work we show that the hardness of the Learning with Errors problem with errors taken from the discrete Gaussian distribution implies the hardness of the Learning with Errors problem with errors taken from the symmetric Skellam distribution. Due to the sample preserving search-to-decision reduction by Micciancio and Mol the same result applies to the decisional version of the problem. Thus, we provide a variant of the Learning with Errors problem that is hard based on conjecturally hard lattice problems and uses a discrete error distribution that is similar to the continuous Gaussian distribution in that it is closed under convolution. As an application of this result we construct a post-quantum cryptographic protocol for differentially private data anlysis in the distributed model. The security of this protocol is based on the hardness of the new variant of the Decisional Learning with Errors problem. A feature of this protocol is the use of the same noise for security and for differential privacy resulting in an efficiency boost.
Problems on the Pathway From Risk Assessment to Risk Reduction (1998)

ssessment of risk and reduction of risk are wellaccepted responsibilities of the physician. The pathway from assessment of risk to reduction of risk basically involves three steps: (1) measurement of risk factors and collection of clinical data relevant to patient risk; (2) interpretation of risk-related data with estimation of risk in absolute terms (eg, risk of an event per year) as well as relative terms (ie, low, intermediate, or high compared with others of the same age and sex); and (3) on the basis of risk estimation results, intervention to minimize disease risk or to prevent risk factor development in the future. Although the process seems reasonably straightforward, problems occur at each step that weaken the link between risk assessment and risk reduction. Such problems occur in assessment of CVD risk estimation and reduction just as in most other areas of medical practice in spite of the availability of excellent data relating to CVD risk estimation from the Framingham Heart Study and other similar data sets.
Capacity of a cellular time division duplex CDMA system (1994)

A time division duplex (TDD) technique is considered for a CDMA cellular system. Its use enables all the multipath combining (using a RAKE type receiver) to be located in the base site rather than in the mobile unit. This is possible due to the reciprocal uplink and downlink channels which are created by time division, and employ the same carrier frequency. Simulations show that at low Doppler fading rates TDD is only marginally lower in cell capacity than conventional frequency division duplex (FDD) techniques. However, at higher Doppler fading rates (for high speed mobiles) the cell capacity degrades in a nonlinear manner and will breakdown suddenly, unlike that of a comparable FDD CDMA system. The limitation of the TDD technique results from the noncontinuous receiver training caused by the bursty nature of the communications. Losses in cell capacity are also due to the guard times inserted between the uplink and downlink transmissions.
Designing and developing a free Data Loss Prevention system (2014)

This paper presents a free data loss prevention solution that is based on two widely known and publicly available and free data loss prevention software tools, namely MyDLP and OpenDLP. A system architecture is proposed, which has been designed to combine these two software tools in a way such that they co-exist inside an information system, complementing each other, and providing solid data loss prevention services. The proposed architecture incorporates mechanisms for automating the operation of the developed solution, thus minimizing the need for human intervention.
Oxygen Radicals Can Induce Preconditioning in Rabbit Hearts (1997)

Indirect evidence suggests that oxygen radicals may contribute to ischemic preconditioning. We directly investigated whether exposure to oxygen radicals per se, in the absence of ischemia, could reproduce the beneficial effects of ischemic preconditioning on infarct size and on postischemic contractile dysfunction. In one branch of the study, isolated rabbit hearts underwent 30 minutes of total global ischemia and 45 minutes of reperfusion (n=6, control group). A second group, before ischemia/reperfusion, was exposed for 5 minutes to a low flux of oxygen radicals generated by purine/xanthine oxidase (P/XO), followed by a 15-minute washout (n=6). Oxygen radical pretreatment significantly improved postischemic recovery of contractile function. We then investigated in another branch of the study whether this preconditioning effect would also reduce infarct size and whether it was mediated by protein kinase C activation. Control hearts were subjected to coronary artery occlusion for 30 minutes, followed by 2.5 hours of reperfusion (n=6). A second group, before coronary occlusion, was exposed to oxygen radicals and washout as described (n=8). A third group was subjected to oxygen radical infusion, but an inhibitor of protein kinase C (polymyxin B, 50 micromol/L) was administered throughout subsequent ischemia (n=7). A fourth group was exposed to oxygen radicals in the presence of scavengers (superoxide dismutase, 250 U/mL; catalase 500, U/mL; n=8). Pretreatment with oxygen radicals markedly reduced infarct size, from 65+/-19% of risk region in controls to 12+/-4% (P<.05). Protein kinase C inhibition significantly attenuated this effect (infarct size, 37+/-9% of risk region; P<.05 versus P/XO; P=NS versus controls). Oxygen radical-induced preconditioning was prevented by scavengers (infarct size, 55+/-14% of risk region; P<.05 versus P/XO; P=NS versus P/XO+polymyxin B). Our data show that in the absence of ischemia, exposure to low concentrations of oxygen radicals can reproduce the beneficial effects of ischemic preconditioning on infarct size and postischemic recovery of left ventricular function. Thus, oxygen radicals might be potential contributors to ischemic preconditioning.
Network Polymer Electrolytes with Free Chain Ends as Internal Plasticizer (1998)

Novel polymer electrolytes based on network polymers with free chain ends have been prepared, and the effects of the free chain ends on the thermal and mechanical properties, the ionic conductivity, and the charge‐transfer resistance at the lithium electrode interface have been explored in detail. Terminal hydroxyl groups of poly(ethylene oxide‐co‐propylene oxide) triol (MW 7940) were partly methylated, and the residual hydroxyl groups were esterifited by acrylic acid. The resulting macromonomers were cross‐linked by photoirradiation in the presence of an electrolyte salt to produce the network polymer electrolytes. The free chain ends, caused by the methylation, were proved to function as an immobile internal plasticizer, as demonstrated by the decreases in the glass transition temperature and the elastic modulus with increasing number of free chain ends; however, creep‐free mechanical strength was maintained due to the crosslinked structure. The introduction of free chain ends not only increased the bulk ionic conductivity but also reduced the charge‐transfer resistance. As a result, network polymer electrolytes having a large number of the free chain ends exhibited an ionic conductivity of and a charge‐transfer resistance of 20 Ω cm2 at 80°C when lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was used as an electrolyte salt.
Reaktionen mit Imidsäureestern, I. Darstellung und Reaktionen von inneren Imidsäureester‐salzen (1964)

Abstract Es werden innere Imidsäureester‐ und Thioimidsäureester‐sulfonate (II bzw. III) aus Säureamiden bzw. Thioamiden und Sultonen dargestellt. Sie reagieren mit Aminen und Aminosäuren analog den Imidsäureester‐hydrochloriden zu disubstituierten Amidinen (IV, V).
Enhanced Oil Recovery of Viscous Oil by Injection of Water-in-Oil Emulsion Made with Used Engine Oil (2010)

Abstract Water-in-Oil (W/O) emulsion has been proven to be an effective driving fluid for viscous oil (&gt;100cp) recovery. However, finding an oil that is cheap and easily available to make the emulsion is a problem. In a recent patent, crude heavy oil was used to make W/O emulsions to recover the same oil in a sand pack flooding experiment, with almost 100% recovery achieved. This crude oil emulsion was stabilized by oleophilic nanoparticles without any surfactant required. However, its viscosity was unfavorably high: a 60% water content W/O emulsion is over 10 times more viscous than the original oil—far beyond the required level for mobility control, resulting in poor injectivity. This paper introduces a new idea of making W/O emulsion with a very common material— used engine oil. Over a billion gallons of engine oil are used in the US every year, and it has been a major contributor to pollution due to improper disposal. However this used engine oil could be a very good candidate to make W/O emulsions. First of all, the soot (organic carbons) from the breaking down of the engine oil provides perfect solid particles to stabilize the emulsion; secondly, its moderate viscosity permits an optimal viscosity to be achieved when making an emulsion. The detergent in the original engine oil and the acidity caused by oxidation of the oil may also help stabilize the W/O emulsions. In this research different types of used engine oil (mineral based, synthetic) were tested to make W/O emulsions simply by blending in brine. A series of stable emulsions were obtained with varied water contents from 40~70%. Viscosities of these emulsions were measured, ranging from 102~104 cp at low shear rates and ambient temperature. As a potential driving fluid, used engine oil emulsions can be targeted at various heavy oil reservoirs because of the wide viscosity range.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Inhibits Chondrocyte Function and Growth Hormone Action Directly at the Growth Plate (2012)

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) modulates glucose and lipid metabolism during fasting. In addition, previous evidence indicates that increased expression of FGF21 during chronic food restriction is associated with reduced bone growth and growth hormone (GH) insensitivity. In light of the inhibitory effects on growth plate chondrogenesis mediated by other FGFs, we hypothesized that FGF21 causes growth inhibition by acting directly at the long bones' growth plate. We first demonstrated the expression of FGF21, FGFR1 and FGFR3 (two receptors known to be activated by FGF21) and β-klotho (a co-receptor required for the FGF21-mediated receptor binding and activation) in fetal and 3-week-old mouse growth plate chondrocytes. We then cultured mouse growth plate chondrocytes in the presence of graded concentrations of rhFGF21 (0.01-10 μg/ml). Higher concentrations of FGF21 (5 and 10 μg/ml) inhibited chondrocyte thymidine incorporation and collagen X mRNA expression. 10 ng/ml GH stimulated chondrocyte thymidine incorporation and collagen X mRNA expression, with both effects prevented by the addition in the culture medium of FGF21 in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, FGF21 reduced GH binding in cultured chondrocytes. In cells transfected with FGFR1 siRNA or ERK 1 siRNA, the antagonistic effects of FGF21 on GH action were all prevented, supporting a specific effect of this growth factor in chondrocytes. Our findings suggest that increased expression of FGF21 during food restriction causes growth attenuation by antagonizing the GH stimulatory effects on chondrogenesis directly at the growth plate. In addition, high concentrations of FGF21 may directly suppress growth plate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.
On the acceptance probability of replica-exchange Monte Carlo trials (2002)

An analysis is presented of the average probability of accepting an exchange trial in the parallel-tempering Monte Carlo molecular simulation method. Arguments are given that this quantity should be related to the entropy difference between the phases, and results from simulations of a simple Lennard-Jones system are presented to support this argument qualitatively. Another analysis based on the energy distributions of a replica pair is presented, and an exact expression for the trial-move acceptance probability in terms of the overlap of these distributions is derived. A more detailed expression is presented using an approximation of constant heat capacity, and an asymptotic form for this result, good for large system sizes, is reported. The detailed analyses are in quantitative agreement with the simulation data. It is further shown that treatment of the energy distributions as Gaussians is an inappropriate way to analyze the acceptance probability.
Conditions for maximizing and inhibiting synthesis of glutathione in cultured rat lenses: An application of HPLC with radioisotope detection (1990)

This investigation was concerned with factors which would maximize and inhibit L-cyst(e)ine uptake and glutathione synthesis of rat lenses cultured for 24 hours in a medium containing [35S]-L-cystine. The lenticular protein-free extract was separated and quantified by use of HPLC equipment which included an in-line radioisotope detector coupled with extensive post-run computer analysis. Six thiols were assessed for their ability to increase the uptake of L-cyst(e)ine and its utilization for glutathione synthesis. The most successful was 2-mercaptoethanol, which increased the L-cyst(e)ine uptake 3.6-fold and glutathione synthesis 2.9-fold. This work demonstrated that the rate of glutathione synthesis was directly proportional to the rate of uptake of L-cyst(e)ine. An inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, buthionine sulfoximine, in a concentration range of 0.11-3 mM, decreased uptake of the [35S]-label by one-third. The 3.0 mM concentration inhibited glutathione synthesis 98.7% and decreased glutathione 51% in 24 hours. The data indicate that half the glutathione disappeared in 23 hours in these cultured rat lenses. Because determination of this value did not depend upon the variable rate of cysteine transport, the value may approximate the in vivo value.
Analysis of complete genome sequence of Neorickettsia risticii: causative agent of Potomac horse fever (2009)

Neorickettsia risticii is an obligate intracellular bacterium of the trematodes and mammals. Horses develop Potomac horse fever (PHF) when they ingest aquatic insects containing encysted N. risticii-infected trematodes. The complete genome sequence of N. risticii Illinois consists of a single circular chromosome of 879 977 bp and encodes 38 RNA species and 898 proteins. Although N. risticii has limited ability to synthesize amino acids and lacks many metabolic pathways, it is capable of making major vitamins, cofactors and nucleotides. Comparison with its closely related human pathogen N. sennetsu showed that 758 (88.2%) of protein-coding genes are conserved between N. risticii and N. sennetsu. Four-way comparison of genes among N. risticii and other Anaplasmataceae showed that most genes are either shared among Anaplasmataceae (525 orthologs that generally associated with housekeeping functions), or specific to each genome (>200 genes that are mostly hypothetical proteins). Genes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of N. risticii were identified, including those encoding putative outer membrane proteins, two-component systems and a type IV secretion system (T4SS). The bipolar localization of T4SS pilus protein VirB2 on the bacterial surface was demonstrated for the first time in obligate intracellular bacteria. These data provide insights toward genomic potential of N. risticii and intracellular parasitism, and facilitate our understanding of PHF pathogenesis.
Stem Cells and CNS Development (2001)

Stem Cells and CNS Development critically reviews recent findings on stem cells, their involvement in neurogenesis and gliogenesis, and the therapeutic implications of these findings. It defines by consensus the classes of stem cells in the nervous system, compares their similarities and differences, discusses the gains made in identifying human homologs of neural stem cells, and describes how these cells are beginning to be used for therapeutic purposes. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, this book provides all developmental scientists and neurobiologists not only an authoritative account of the current results in neural stem cell research, but also an incisive review of the rapidly emerging therapeutic uses of stem cells.