gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complicated Table Structure Recognition (2019)

The task of table structure recognition aims to recognize the internal structure of a table, which is a key step to make machines understand tables. Currently, there are lots of studies on this task for different file formats such as ASCII text and HTML. It also attracts lots of attention to recognize the table structures in PDF files. However, it is hard for the existing methods to accurately recognize the structure of complicated tables in PDF files. The complicated tables contain spanning cells which occupy at least two columns or rows. To address the issue, we propose a novel graph neural network for recognizing the table structure in PDF files, named GraphTSR. Specifically, it takes table cells as input, and then recognizes the table structures by predicting relations among cells. Moreover, to evaluate the task better, we construct a large-scale table structure recognition dataset from scientific papers, named SciTSR, which contains 15,000 tables from PDF files and their corresponding structure labels. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed model is highly effective for complicated tables and outperforms state-of-the-art baselines over a benchmark dataset and our new constructed dataset.
Different Methods of Knock Detection and Knock Control (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">SI engines are exposed to the risk of knocking combustion if the resistance of the fuel against self ignition is too low. Knocking combustion cycles can be detected by means of the vibration signal energy calculated in a predetermined time window, Based on a continuous signal sampling during quasi-steady engine operation an appropriate data processing technique has been developed to identify the engine operation conditions which are suspected to disturb the knock detection.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To increase knock detection reliability a new strategy has been developed; characteristic features are: wideband filtering of the structure vibration, window energy calculation of the signal, determination of the standard deviation of the energy values.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A knock control simulation code has been written for the standard deviation strategy. Knock control system calibration can be optimized by aid of this program very efficiently.</div>
Radiosensitization of malignant gliomas following intracranial delivery of paclitaxel biodegradable polymer microspheres (2014)

These results indicate that paclitaxel is an effective radiosensitizer for malignant gliomas because it renders glioma cells more sensitive to ionizing radiation by causing G2-M arrest, and induces a synergistic response to chemoradiotherapy.
<title>Efficient road sign detection and recognition algorithm</title> (1998)

In this paper, an efficient method for detecting and recognizing road signs from real world scenes is presented. The main outline of this method is composed of three parts: detecting road signs, i.e. road sign segmentation, shape recognition of segmented areas, and identifying the meaning of the detected signs in a hierarchical method. We employed a texture, an RG, and a BY color opponent image for road sign segmentation, a few grid lines and a bounding box for recognizing segmented sign shapes, and compressed eigenspace representation for identifying detected signs. This method has proven to be very efficient, robust, and easy to implement. Furthermore, this method can overcome substantial amount of rotation of the detected sign and opens a great possibility for more improvement and real-time usage.
The rapid formation of crystalline double hydroxy salts and other compounds by controlled hydrolysis (1984)

Abstract Double-cation hydroxy compounds, generally with the pyroaurite-type structure, were synthesized by a reaction involving the hydrolysis of a cation in solution by a fully hydrolysed and precipitated hydroxide of a second metallic cation. Synthesis of this type of compound is not limited to reactions between di- and trivalent cations as previously thought but can, in this process, involve divalent-divalent, divalent-tetravalent and trivalent-trivalent cations. Crystalline compounds with reasonably sharp XRD patterns formed generally within a few hours at 25°C at pH 4–8·5 depending on the cations involved. The technique presents a more rapid method of formation of these compounds than previously described syntheses, and has been called induced hydrolysis because the fully hydrolysed cation causes complete hydrolysis of the second cation at a pH below that at which this would normally occur. The minerals takovite, Ni 6 Al 2 (OH) 16 CO 3 ·H 2 O, and hydrotalcite, Mg 6 Al 2 (OH) 16 CO 3 ·H 2 O, were amongst some of the compounds formed and the reaction is considered to be more realistic in terms of conditions encountered in natural environments than previous syntheses. The reactions described could also be expected to affect the mobility of heavy elements in the environment. These double hydroxy compounds convert on heating between 300–500°C to double-metal oxides with the spinel structure.
The Principal Rapamycin-Sensitive p70<sup>s6k</sup> Phosphorylation Sites, T-229 and T-389, Are Differentially Regulated by Rapamycin-Insensitive Kinase Kinases (1996)

Mitogen-induced activation of p70(s6k) is associated with the phosphorylation of specific sites which are negatively affected by the immunosuppressant rapamycin, the fungal metabolite wortmannin, and the methylxanthine SQ20006. Recent reports have focused on the role of the amino terminus of the p85(s6k) isoform in mediating kinase activity, with the observation that amino-terminal truncation mutants are activated in the presence of rapamycin while retaining their sensitivity to wortmannin. Here we show that the effects of previously described amino- and carboxy-terminal truncations on kinase activity are ultimately reflected in the phosphorylation state of the enzyme. Mutation of the principal rapamycin-targeted phosphorylation site, T-389, to an acidic residue generates a form of the kinase which is as resistant to wortmannin or SQ20006 as it is to rapamycin, consistent with the previous observation that T-389 was a common target of all three inhibitors. Truncation of the first 54 residues of the amino terminus blocks the serum-induced phosphorylation of three rapamycin-sensitive sites, T-229 in the activation loop and T-389 and S-404 in the linker region. This correlates with a severe reduction in the ability of the kinase to be activated by serum. However, loss of mitogen activation conferred by the removal of the amino terminus is reversed by additional truncation of the carboxy-terminal domain, with the resulting mutant demonstrating phosphorylation of the remaining two rapamycin-sensitive sites, T-229 and T-389. In this double-truncation mutant, phosphorylation of T-229 occurs in the basal state, whereas mitogen stimulation is required to induce acute upregulation of T-389 phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of both sites proceeds unimpaired in the presence of rapamycin, indicating that the kinases responsible for the phosphorylation of these sites are not inhibited by the macrolide. In contrast, activation of the double-truncation mutant is blocked in the presence of wortmannin or SQ20006, and these agents completely block the phosphorylation of T-389 while having only a marginal effect on T-229 phosphorylation. When the T-389 site is mutated to an acidic residue in the double-truncation background, the activation of the resulting mutant is insensitive to the wortmannin and SQ20006 block, but interestingly, the mutant is activated to a significantly greater level than a control in the presence of rapamycin. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that T-389 is the principal regulatory phosphorylation site, which, in combination with hyperphosphorylation of the autoinhibitory domain S/TP sites, is acutely regulated by external effectors, whereas T-229 phosphorylation is regulated primarily by internal mechanisms.
How damaged is the biologically active subpopulation of transfected DNA? (1984)

Relatively little is known about the damage suffered by transfected DNA molecules during their journey from outside the cell into the nucleus. To follow selectively the minor subpopulation that completes this journey, we devised a genetic approach using simian virus 40 DNA transfected with DEAE-dextran. We investigated this active subpopulation in three ways: (i) by assaying reciprocal pairs of mutant linear dimers which differed only in the arrangement of two mutant genomes; (ii) by assaying a series of wild-type oligomers which ranged from 1.1 to 2.0 simian virus 40 genomes in length; and (iii) by assaying linear monomers of simian virus 40 which were cleaved within a nonessential region to leave either sticky, blunt, or mismatched ends. We conclude from these studies that transfected DNA molecules in the active subpopulation are moderately damaged by fragmentation and modification of ends. As a whole, the active subpopulation suffers about one break per 5 to 15 kilobases, and about 15 to 20% of the molecules have one or both ends modified. Our analysis of fragmentation is consistent with the random introduction of double-strand breaks, whose cause and exact nature are unknown. Our analysis of end modification indicated that the most prevalent form of damage involved deletion or addition of less than 25 base pairs. In addition we demonstrated directly that the efficiencies of joining sticky, blunt, or mismatched ends are identical, verifying the apparent ability of cells to join nearly any two DNA ends and suggesting that the efficiency of joining approaches 100%. The design of these experiments ensured that the detected damage preceded viral replication and thus should be common to all DNAs transfected with DEAE-dextran and not specific for viral DNA. These measurements of damage within transfected DNA have important consequences for studies of homologous and nonhomologous recombination in somatic cells as is discussed.
Stimulated Raman amplification of 1.6- mu m-band pulsed light in optical fibers (1992)

A synchronous Raman fiber amplifier is proposed which is pumped at a wavelength around 1.55 mu m by output pulses from an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. This arrangement achieves an output optical peak power exceeding 200 mW and a 3-dB net gain bandwidth of 33 nm around 1.66 mu m. The Raman fiber amplifier is useful for 1.6- mu m-band OTDR as it can be used in live maintenance of optical transmission networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nitroalkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons promoted by manganese(III) acetate (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitroalkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons promoted by manganese(III) acetateMichael E. Kurz, Preecha Ngoviwatchai, and Tosaporn TantrarantCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 23, 4668–4672Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00336a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00336a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views464Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation and characterization of acetic acid-tolerant galactose-fermenting strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from a spent sulfite liquor fermentation plant (1992)

From a continuous spent sulfite liquor fermentation plant, two species of yeast were isolated, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia membranaefaciens. One of the isolates of S. cerevisiae, no. 3, was heavily flocculating and produced a higher ethanol yield from spent sulfite liquor than did commercial baker's yeast. The greatest difference between isolate 3 and baker's yeast was that of galactose fermentation, even when galactose utilization was induced, i.e., when they were grown in the presence of galactose, prior to fermentation. Without acetic acid present, both baker's yeast and isolate 3 fermented glucose and galactose sequentially. Galactose fermentation with baker's yeast was strongly inhibited by acetic acid at pH values below 6. Isolate 3 fermented galactose, glucose, and mannose without catabolite repression in the presence of acetic acid, even at pH 4.5. The xylose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) and xylitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.9) activities were determined in some of the isolates as well as in two strains of S. cerevisiae (ATCC 24860 and baker's yeast) and Pichia stipitis CBS 6054. The S. cerevisiae strains manifested xylose reductase activity that was 2 orders of magnitude less than the corresponding P. stipitis value of 890 nmol/min/mg of protein. The xylose dehydrogenase activity was 1 order of magnitude less than the corresponding activity of P. stipitis (330 nmol/min/mg of protein).
A user-centered drowsy-driver detection and warning system (2003)

This work is a culmination of years of research to develop an effective in-vehicle countermeasure to drowsy driving. Previous work resulted in an independently validated measure of drowsiness that was then incorporated into a drowsy-driver prototype monitor. The goal of this project was to develop an associated drowsy-driver interface that enabled effective, user-centered interactions with the underlying system.A multidisciplinary team designed a new drowsy-driver interface and introduced smart user interactions through a careful participatory design process that included both design experts and commercial motor vehicle drivers. It is hoped that this effort and subsequent field trials will result in a reliable, smart system that convinces drivers that they are driving in an unsafe condition and to make a wise choiceóstop and rest.
<i>Tm-2<sup>2</sup></i> Resistance in Tomato Requires Recognition of the Carboxy Terminus of the Movement Protein of Tomato Mosaic Virus (1998)

The Tm-2(2) resistance gene is used in most commercial tomato cultivars for protection against infection with tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). It has been suggested that Tm-2(2) resistance interferes with viral cell-to-cell movement in plants; ToMV strain ToMV-2(2) requires two amino acid (aa) exchanges in the carboxy-terminal region of the viral 30-kDa movement protein (at positions 238 and 244) to overcome Tm-2(2) resistance. For further analysis of this region of the 30-kDa protein, two stop codons were introduced into ToMV movement proteins at aa positions 235 and 237, leading to deletion of the terminal 30 aa. The mutant virus strains were able to infect wild-type tomato plants systemically, suggesting the carboxy-terminal portion of the ToMV 30-kDa protein is dispensable for virus transport in tomato. Even more important, the deletion mutants overcame the Tm-2(2) resistance gene. These data indicate the carboxy-terminal domain of the ToMV movement protein serves as a recognition target in the context of the Tm-2(2) resistance gene. Furthermore, expression of the 30-kDa movement protein from wild-type ToMV, but not from ToMV-2(2), in transgenic tomato plants with the Tm-2(2) resistance gene led to elicitation of a necrotic reaction in tomato seedlings, showing that the 30-kDa protein on its own is able to induce the plant's defense reaction.
Hydrophobic Residues That Form Putative Fusion Loops of Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoprotein B Are Critical for Fusion Activity (2007)

To test the importance of the hydrophobic residues within the putative Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) glycoprotein B (gB) fusion loops in membrane fusion, WY(112-113) and WLIW(193-196) were mutated into alanine, glutamic acid, or the analogous residues from herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gB (HR and RVEA). All gB variants exhibited cell surface expression, demonstrating that the substitutions did not perturb gB trafficking. None of six gB variants was, however, capable of mediating fusion with either epithelial or B cells. These data demonstrate that the bulky and hydrophobic EBV loop residues, which differ from the more hydrophilic HSV-1 residues and appear more compatible with membrane insertion, are essential for EBV gB-dependent fusion.
Outcome Prediction by Traditional and New Markers of Inflammation in Patients with Sepsis (1999)

Patients (n=242) admitted to intensive care unit for longer than 48 hours were categorised for sepsis according to American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine (ACCP/SCCM) Consensus Conference criteria. Body temperature, leukocyte count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 and HLA-DR expression on monocytes were determined. Data of one randomly chosen day per patient entered analysis. Immunologic mediators contributing significantly to outcome were determined by logistic regression analysis. Area under the curves (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves of clinical markers of inflammation predicting prognosis were compared with AUC of relevant immunologic mediators. TNF-alpha, IL-6 and HLA-DR expression on monocytes were significantly associated with outcome; the AUC's were 0.835, 0.844 and 0.761 respectively. AUC's for clinical markers were 0.878, 0.811, 0.620 and 0.614 for PCT, CRP, leukocyte count and body temperature respectively. PCT had the highest AUC compared to other clinical markers. These data indicate that PCT might be a better marker than the classic criteria of inflammation, CRP, leukocyte count, and body temperature to identify patients endangered by severe infection or sepsis.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression by means of applying strain distribution to fiber with cabling (1993)

An optical fiber cable that can suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has been developed. Fiber cabling expanded the Brillouin gain bandwidth from 50 MHz to 400 MHz (9 dB). The expansion was caused by a sinusoidal fiber strain distribution of +or-0.35%, which was generated in fiber by a strainholding, double-stranded cable. This work explains the relationship between the cable structure and fiber strain, as well as with the Brillouin gain bandwidth expansion. Fiber loss caused by cabling was studied and found to be small; also, the strained fiber reliability of the cable is assured with the use of carbon-coated fiber.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biopolymer-Based Structuring of Liquid Oil into Soft Solids and Oleogels Using Water-Continuous Emulsions as Templates (2014)

Physical trapping of a hydrophobic liquid oil in a matrix of water-soluble biopolymers was achieved using a facile two-step process by first formulating a surfactant-free oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by biopolymers (a protein and a polysaccharide) followed by complete removal of the water phase (by either high- or low-temperature drying of the emulsion) resulting in structured solid systems containing a high concentration of liquid oil (above 97 wt %). The microstructure of these systems was revealed by confocal and cryo-scanning electron microscopy, and the effect of biopolymer concentrations on the consistency of emulsions as well as the dried product was evaluated using a combination of small-amplitude oscillatory shear rheometry and large deformation fracture studies. The oleogel prepared by shearing the dried product showed a high gel strength as well as a certain degree of thixotropic recovery even at high temperatures. Moreover, the reversibility of the process was demonstrated by shearing the dried product in the presence of water to obtain reconstituted emulsions with rheological properties comparable to those of the fresh emulsion.
Evaluation of the ARCHITECT STAT troponin-I assay. (2005)

We evaluated the immunoassay for troponin I (TnI) which is now available on the integrated ARCHITECT analyzer ci8200 from Abbott. Coefficients of variation (CV) for between-day imprecision were 5.6%, 4.7% and 5.1% at TnI levels of 0.13 microg/l (mean of low control), 0.49 microg/l (medium control) and 11.2 microg/l (high control), respectively. All measurements of controls lay within pre-specified concentration ranges. The functional sensitivity at an imprecision level of 10% was found to be 0.04 microg/l, while the 99th percentile of the reference range derived from 130 apparently healthy subjects was determined as 0.02 microg/l with a corresponding CV of 15%. Thus, as none of the currently reported TnI tests the ARCHITECT STAT assay does not meet exactly the ESC/ACC consensus criteria for troponin testing but seems to perform better than many of the tests currently used in practice.
Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot (RASSOR) (2013)

Regolith is abundant on extra-terrestrial surfaces and is the source of many resources such as oxygen, hydrogen, titanium, aluminum, iron, silica and other valuable materials, which can be used to make rocket propellant, consumables for life support, radiation protection barrier shields, landing pads, blast protection berms, roads, habitats and other structures and devices. Recent data from the Moon also indicates that there are substantial deposits of water ice in permanently shadowed crater regions and possibly under an over burden of regolith. The key to being able to use this regolith and acquire the resources, is being able to manipulate it with robotic excavation and hauling machinery that can survive and operate in these very extreme extra-terrestrial surface environments.
Substituierte 2‐Methylen‐thiazolidone‐(4) (1963)

Abstract α‐Mercaptocarbonsäureester addieren sich in Gegenwart von Alkylat‐Ionen an Nitrile, welche in α‐Stellung einen Substituenten 2. Ordnung tragen, unter Bildung von Thiazolidonen‐(4). Diese Verbindungen können am Ringstickstoff alkyliert und über die unbeständigen 5‐Brom‐Derivate in substituierte 5‐Aminothiazolidone‐(4) übergeführt werden. Die Substanzen wurden auf choleretische und diuretische Aktivität geprüft.