gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Property-specific testbench generation for guided simulation (2003)

Simulation continues to be the primary technique for functional validation of designs. It is important that simulation vectors be effective in targeting the types of bugs designers expect to find rather than some generic coverage metrics. The overall focus of our work is to generate a property-specific testbench for guided simulation, that is targeted either at proving the correctness of a property or at finding a bug. This is facilitated by generation of a properly-specific model, called a "witness graph", which captures interesting paths in the design. Starting from an initial abstract model of the design, symbolic model checking, pruning, and refinement steps are applied in an iterative manner, until either a conclusive result is obtained or computing resources are exhausted. This paper describes the theoretical underpinnings of generating and using a witness graph for computation tree logic (CTL) correctness properties, practical issues related to the generation of a testbench, and experiences with an industrial example. We have been able to demonstrate on a real in-house LSI design that such an approach can lead to significant reduction in the time required to analyze the design for a CTL property and find a witness.
Integration of Wounding and Osmotic Stress Signals Determines the Expression of the <i>AtMYB102</i> Transcription Factor Gene (2003)

Transcript levels of the Arabidopsis R2R3-AtMYB102 transcription factor gene, previously named AtM4, are rapidly induced by osmotic stress or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Reporter gene expression studies revealed that in addition, wounding is required for full induction of the gene. Histochemical analysis showed a local beta-glucuronidase induction around the wounding site, especially in veins. In ABA-treated plants, wounding-induced beta-glucuronidase activity could be mimicked by the wound signaling compound methyl jasmonate. In silico studies of the AtMYB102 promoter sequence and its close homolog AtMYB74 demonstrated several conserved putative stress regulatory elements such as an ABA-responsive element, its coupling element 1 (CE1), and a W box. Interestingly, further studies showed that the 5'-untranslated region is essential for the osmotic stress and wounding induced expression of the AtMYB102 gene. This 5'-untranslated region contains putative conserved regulatory elements such as a second W box and an overlapping MYB-binding element. These studies suggest that AtMYB102 expression depends on and integrates signals derived from both wounding and osmotic stress.
Prognosis of Defect Propagation Based on Recurrent Neural Networks (2011)

Incremental training is commonly applied to training recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for applications involving prognosis. As the number of prognostic time-step increases, the accuracy of prognosis generally decreases, as often seen in long-term prognosis. Revision of the training techniques is therefore necessary to improve the accuracy in long-term prognosis. This paper presents a competitive learning-based approach to long-term prognosis of machine health status. Specifically, vibration signals from a defect-seeded rolling bearing are preprocessed using continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Statistical parameters computed from both the raw data and the preprocessed data are then utilized as candidate inputs to an RNN. Based on the principle of competitive learning, input data were clustered for effective representation of similar stages of defect propagation of the bearing being monitored. Analysis has shown that the developed technique is more accurate in predicting bearing defect progression than the incremental training technique.
Phase separation of some acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene resins (1965)

Abstract One model and two commercial ABS (acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene) resins have been separated into three polymeric phases: polybutadiene, styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer, and styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer grafted onto polybutadiene. A third commercial ABS resin has been separated into two polymeric phases: styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer and butadiene–acrylonitrile copolymer.
A 40-Gb/s Optical Transceiver Front-End in 45 nm SOI CMOS (2012)

A low-power, 40-Gb/s optical transceiver front-end is demonstrated in a 45-nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS process. Both single-ended and differential optical modulators are demonstrated with floating-body transistors to reach output swings of more than 2 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PP</sub> and 4 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PP</sub> , respectively. A single-ended gain of 7.6 dB is measured over 33 GHz. The optical receiver consists of a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and post-amplifier with 55 dB ·Ω of transimpedance over 30 GHz. The group-delay variation is ±3.9 ps over the 3-dB bandwidth and the average input-referred noise density is 20.5 pA/(√Hz) . The TIA consumes 9 mW from a 1-V supply for a transimpedance figure of merit of 1875 Ω /pJ. This represents the lowest power consumption for a transmitter and receiver operating at 40 Gb/s in a CMOS process.
Band edge filters perform non data-aided carrier and timing synchronization of software defined radio QAM receivers (2012)

To demodulate the input signal, the receiver must align its local radio frequency oscillator with the frequency and phase of the received signal's unmodulated carrier as well as align its sampling clock with the epochs of the underlying modulation process embedded in the received signal. When the frequency offset of the received signal is quite small phase locked loop (PLL) can be used to drive the phase error to zero, however PLLs fail to operate when the received signal has a significant frequency offset. Thus, when a significant frequency offset does exist, it must be estimated and removed prior to the PLL. Frequency locked loop (FLL) are used to accomplish this task. The maximum likelihood frequency estimator uses a frequency detector formed by a pair of band edge (BE) filters. Oddly, there is remarkably little information in the literature on the ability of the band edge filter to support the modulation timing acquisition. In this paper we show how the band edge filter can support two synchronization tasks of carrier frequency acquisition and modulation timing acquisition. We present a receiver architecture and demonstrate its ability to acquire carrier frequency and timing phase alignment without data aided observations.
A THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE USE OF CO‐OCCURRENCE DATA IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL (1977)

Abstract This paper provides a foundation for a practical way of improving the effectiveness of an automatic retrieval system. Its main concern is with the weighting of index terms as a device for increasing retrieval effectiveness. Previously index terms have been assumed to be independent for the good reason that then a very simple weighting scheme can be used. In reality index terms are most unlikely to be independent. This paper explores one way of removing the independence assumption. Instead the extent of the dependence between index terms is measured and used to construct a non‐linear weighting function. In a practical situation the values of some of the parameters of such a function must be estimated from small samples of documents. So a number of estimation rules are discussed and one in particular is recommended. Finally the feasibility of the computations required for a non‐linear weighting scheme is examined.
Gramática en el nivel superior. Aulas permeadas de sentidos (2021)

El presente artículo pretende compartir algunas dinámicas de las aulas de gramática del español, entendidas como ambientes de enseñanza y de aprendizaje en los cuales los contenidos específicos de la asignatura se entrecruzan con categorías teóricas y metodológicas del campo de la semiótica, permitiéndonos poner de relieve las significaciones y los sentidos de la lengua en uso. Nuestras investigaciones acerca de la gramática y sus relaciones con disciplinas colindantes toman como base de análisis y reflexión piezas léxicas, sintagmas y enunciados dialectales que exhiben en materializaciones discursivas las marcas de un mestizaje cultural y lingüístico. Conceptos clave como frontera, vida cotidiana, experiencia, conversación y relatos, puestos en articulaciones con principios y operaciones de la gramática funcional –texto, contexto, opciones y recursos, interacciones, registro, actores sociales– y los fenómenos textuales de coherencia, cohesión, adecuación permiten construir una trama consistente para tamizar las dimensiones gramaticales y lexicales apoyadas en un abordaje de interoperabilidad o interfaces entre los distintos niveles o dimensiones. Favorecemos así la construcción de un dispositivo de estudio y trabajo con la lengua para justificar modos de enseñar gramática en el nivel superior desde y hacia las interacciones y los usos efectivos en diversos contextos –presenciales y virtuales–, sostenidos en reflexiones metalingüísticas y en los aportes de la pedagogía crítica.
Substituent Effects on Cobalt Diglyoxime Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution (2011)

The design of efficient, robust, and inexpensive hydrogen evolution catalysts is important for the development of renewable energy sources such as solar cells. Cobalt diglyoxime complexes, Co(dRgBF(2))(2) with substituents R, are promising candidates for such electrocatalysts. The mechanism for hydrogen production requires a series of reduction and protonation steps for various monometallic and bimetallic pathways. In this work, the reduction potentials and pK(a) values associated with the individual steps were calculated for a series of substituents. The calculations revealed a linear relation between the reduction potentials and pK(a) values with respect to the Hammett constants, which quantify the electron donating or withdrawing character of the substituents. Additionally, the reduction potentials and pK(a) values are linearly correlated with each other. These linear correlations enable the prediction of reduction potentials and pK(a) values, and thus the free energy changes along the reaction pathways, to assist in the design of more effective cobaloxime catalysts.
Autonomous passive light tracking utilizing single-wall carbon nanotube enhanced opto-thermo-mechanical elastomer actuators (2011)

We have developed novel opto-thermo-mechanical actuators by effectively distributing a significant amount of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT, up to 0.7%w/w) into liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) matrices. These SWCNT/LCE actuators exhibit a great potential to be utilized in MEMS applications, as they respond to a wide spectrum of visible/near-infrared light, and possess a large reversible compressive strain (up to 35%) when stimulated. Autonomous and passive light tracking is demonstrated here as one of the applications. With a simple design, the actuators are able to adaptively tilt a solar cell towards the light source by a degree of ~15° (with an incident light intensity of 1.6 kW/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). As a result, the photocurrent output of the solar cell is significantly enhanced (up to 247.10%) without any other control system or external energy source.
Traumatic Brain Injury in U.S. Army Paratroopers: Prevalence and Character (2003)

This study demonstrates that parachuting appears to be a risk factor for mild TBI in the U.S. Army and that paratroopers with a history of TBI before joining the Army might be at somewhat increased risk of sustaining additional TBI while serving in the Army.
PCR-RFLP and sequencing analysis of ribosomal DNA of Bursaphelenchus nematodes related to pine wilt disease (1998)

La reaction en chaine des polymerases/polymorphisme des fragments de restriction (PCR-RFLP) a ete utilisee pour separer des isolats du nematode Bursaphelenchus. Les isolats de B. xylophilus examines provenaient du Japon, des USA, de Chine et du Canada, et ceux de B. mucronatus du Japon, de Chine et de France. L'ADN ribosomal contenant le gene 5.8S, les segments de transcription interne 1 et 2, et les segments partiels des genes 18S et 28S ont ete amplifies par PCR. La digestion des produits amplifies provenant de chaque isolat a l'aide de douze endonucleases de restriction et l'examen des donnees en RFLP qui en decoulent revelent, par une analyse en grappe, une separation significative entre B. xylophilus et B. mucronatus. Parmi les isolats de B. xylophilus examines, les isolats pathogenes du Japon, ceux de Chine et des USA etaient tous identiques, tandis que les isolats non pathogenes du Japon etaient legerement distincts et que ceux du Canada formaient une grappe separee. Parmi les isolats de B. mucronatus, deux isolats provenant du Japon etaient tres semblables ; de meme un autre isolat du Japon et un isolat de Chine etaient identiques. Les donnees provenant des sequences d'ADN montrent 98 differences (substitutions nucleotidiques ou separations) dans les 884 paires de bases examinees chez les isolats de B. xylophilus et B. mucronatus. Les donnees provenant des sequences d'ADN chez Aphelenchus avenae et Aphelenchoides fragariae different non seulement de celles des Bursaphelenchus mais aussi entre elles. Afin de preciser les relations phylogeniques de ces especes, les donnees sequentielles du gene 5.8S provenant de l'ADN ribosomal ont ete examinees. L'analyse en grappe revele une relation monophyletique entre A. fragariae et Bursaphelenchus, appartenant l'un et l'autre a la superfamille des Aphelenchoidea ; cette analyse a egalement montre une parente inattendue entre A. avenae et les Tylenchina.
Paramedic programs and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: I. Factors associated with successful resuscitation. (1979)

As part of an evaluation of whether the addition of paramedic services can reduce mortality from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared to previously existing emergency medical technician (EMT) services, factors associated with successful resuscitation were studied. A surveillance system was established to identify cardiac arrest patients receiving emergency care and to collect pertinent information associated with the resuscitation. Outcomes (death, admission, and discharge) were compared in two areas with different types of prehospital emergency care (basic emergency medical technician services vs. paramedic services). During the period April 1976 through August 1977, 604 patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest received emergency resuscitation. Eighty-one per cent of these episodes were attributed to primary heart disease. Considered separately, four factors were found to have a significant association with higher admission and discharge rates :1) paramedic service, 2) rapid time to initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 3) rapid time to definitive care, and 4) bystander-initiated CPR. Using multivariate analysis, rapid time to initiation of CPA and rapid time to definitive care were most predictive of admission and discharge. Age was also weakly predictive of discharge. These findings suggest that if reduction in mortality is to be maximized, cardiac arrest patients must have CPR initiated within four minutes and definitive care provided within ten minutes.
Competition and Innovation in Markets with Technology Leaders (2021)

In this article, we consider technology leaders (which are innovators) and technology followers (which are non-innovators) to provide a new theoretical explanation for the well-cited empirical evidence of an inverted-U relationship between competition and aggregate innovation. We consider a two-stage game with a deterministic Research and Development (R&D) process, where the leaders first determine their R&D investments simultaneously and then all leaders and followers determine their outputs simultaneously. We show that the inverted-U relationship between competition and aggregate innovation occurs if competition is affected by the number of technology followers. However, the presence of more technology leaders decreases individual R&D investments while increasing aggregate R&D investments. If the total number of firms remains the same but the composition of technology leaders and followers changes in favor of leaders (followers), individual R&D investments decrease (increase) but aggregate R&D investments increase (decrease). The relationship between competition and R&D investments can be U-shaped if the intensity of competition is measured by product substitutability. Contrary to the standard expectation, the presence of more firms may reduce welfare.
HIGH GRADIENT MAGNETIC SEPARATION ORDERED MATRICES (2002)

INTRODUCTION: Magnetic separation is a complex physical process based on the magnetic phenomena and the magnetic properties of the substances. Several separation procedures are known: separation according to magnetic susceptibility, magnetohydrostatic separation, magnetohydrodynamic separation, separation using eddy currents. The principle of separation by magnetic susceptibility consists in the different action of the magnetic force upon the components of a mixture in competition with other forces, such as drag force, gravity or friction force. Within the separation by magnetic susceptibility procedures, the high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) technique has a special place because of the practical necessity of capturing very small particles with low magnetic properties from the fluids. The HGMS direct and indirect (also called magnetic seeding) techniques were applied to purify kaolin clay, desulphurize coal, process rare metals ores, treat water polluted with heavy metal ions, organic substances or microorganisms, treat water from conventional and nuclear power plants, treat urban waste water, purify industrial gas etc.
Youth work: The problem of values (2004)

Recent research undertaken by Tim Corney suggests that there are specific value frameworks and practices that currently underpin the university training and education of youth workers and that this has ramifications for TAFE-level training and the professionalisation of youth workers.
Novel Nonprostanoid Prostacyclin (PGI2) Mimetics with Heterocyclic Moiety (1996)

Structural modification of [2-(2-benzhydryloxyiminopentyl)-1,2,3,4tetrahydro-5-naphthyloxylacetic acid (4), previously identified as a PC12 agonist without a PC skeleton, was examined.Conversion of the oxime moiety in 4 to the pyrazole led to [2-(4-benzhydrylpylazoyl)methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-naphthyloxylacetic acid (34) which strongly inhibited ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets in vitro.Many prostacyclin (PGI2, 1) analogues have been synthesized to search for the chemically stable, biologically potent and tissue specific agonists for potential medical utility,' since PC122 was identified in 1976 as a powerful endogenous stimulator of blood platelet adenylate cyclase.The carboxylic acid, the cyclopentane ring and the allylic alcohol moieties have been believed to be essential for expression of the biological activities of PGs.3 Accordingly, approaches to their specific agonists have so far been limited w the structural modifications of the a and w-chains in PGs.Recently, an Edinburgh University group and m), 2.75-2.08(4 H, m), 1.92-1.73(1 H, m), 1.43-1.19(1 H, m); ' 3 ~ nmr (CDC13) 6 177.75, 155
Collaborative Route Plan for Parking Sites Selection in Bike-Sharing Systems (2018)

In order to alleviate the traffic congestion caused by the bike-sharing system, the bicycles should be parked in designated parking sites, particularly around the hot scenic spots. A proper route, which guides the cyclers to select a vacant place among the sites to park the bike, is required. In this paper, the Expected Travel Distance (ETD) and the Probability of Successful Parking (PSP) are formulated to evaluate the routes, which will guide the users to travel all the parking sites. We exploit the Poisson process to model the increment of the bicycle number in the parking site and construct the travel tree for the route plan problem. To provide a proper route, we propose the GOR algorithm and the F-M method based on the travel tree. Through extensive simulations, our algorithms are compared with TSP in terms of ETD, PSP and the execution time.
Vision-based underwater cable detection and following using AUVs (2005)

In this paper, cable detection and tracking algorithm is presented. A detailed description on how to overcome the two practical problems encountered in optical vision based cable following systems in underwater environments is presented. The two main problems considered are; namely (1) navigation of AUV when cable is invisible in the image, and (2) selection of the correct cable (interested feature) when there are similar features appearing in the image. The proposed sensor fusion scheme uses dead reckoning position uncertainty with a 2D position model of the cable to predict the region of interest in the image. This reduces the processing data increasing the processing speed and avoids tracking other similar features appearing in the optical image. The proposed method uses a priori map of the cable for AUV navigation when the cable features are invisible in the predicted region in the image. An experiment is conducted to test the performance of the proposed algorithm using the AUV "Twin-Burger 2". A behavior-based technique is used for the navigation of the AUV. The experimental results presented in this paper show how the proposed method handles the above-mentioned practical problems and navigate the AUV along the underwater cable.
A framework for undoing actions in collaborative systems (1994)

The ability to undo operations is a standard feature in most single-user interactive applications. We propose a general framework for implementing undo in collaborative systems. The framework allows users to reverse their own changes individually, taking into account the possibility of conflicts between different users' operations that may prevent an undo. The proposed framework has been incorporated into DistEdit, a toolkit for building group text editors. Based on our experience with DistEdit's undo facilities, we discuss several issues that need to be taken into account in using the framework, in order to ensure that a reasonable undo behavior is provided to users. We show that the framework is also applicable to single-user systems, since the operations to undo can be selected not just on the basis of who performed them, but by any appropriate criterion, such as the document region in which the operations occurred or the time interval in which the operations were carried out.
An Experimental Study on Current Unbalance in High Current Capacity Superconducting AC/Pulse Conductor (1995)

To investigate the unbalanced current distribution problem in a high-current capacity superconducting AC/pulse conductor, we have carried out the measurement of the self-inductance of each element wire and the mutual inductances between each element wires in a sub-size conductor for the DPC coil. Substituting these figures into the circuit equations, we have calculated the distributed current of each element wire. The calculated values agree well with the measured current. The dispersions of the measured self-inductances is very small. And, the difference between the self-inductances and the mutual inductance is also very small. In a conventional situation, this extent of small dispersion of the self-inductances can be regarded to be small enough. However, according to our calculation, in a situation of a high-current superconducting AC/pulse conductor, this small deviation generates large current unbalance up to about factor of 3. This result can be explained by the zero resistance of the element wire and the good magnetic coupling between the element wires (k=1), which generate large current unbalance even for the very small unbalance of self-inductances. Meanwhile, it is estimated that the current unbalance is amplified by the outbreak of an electrical contact between two element wires particularly at a point near the end of the conductor.