gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speaker Identification in Room Reverberation Using GMM-UBM (2009)

Speaker recognition systems tend to degrade if the training and testing conditions differ significantly. Such situations may arise due to the use of different microphones, telephone and mobile handsets or different acoustic conditions. Recently, the effect of the room acoustics on speaker identification (SI) has been investigated and it has been shown that a loss in accuracy results when using clean training and reverberated testing signals. Various techniques like dereverberation, use of multiple microphones, compensations have been proposed to minimize/alleviate the mismatch thereby increasing the SI accuracies. In this paper, we propose to use a Gaussian mixture model-Universal background model (GMM-UBM), with the multiple speaker model approach previously proposed, to compensate for the acoustical mismatch. By using this approach, the SI accuracies have improved over the conventional GMM based SI systems in the presence of room reverberation.
Mapping real-time images of high-speed AFM using multitouch control (2009)

Conventional AFM is highly restricted by its scan rate, a problem that has been overcome by the development of high-speed AFM systems. As the technology to produce higher scan rates has developed it has pushed forward the design of control software. However, the user interface has not evolved at the same rate, limiting the user to sequential control steps. In this paper we demonstrate the integration of HSAFM with a multitouch interface to produce a highly intuitive and responsive control environment. This enables nanometre resolution to be maintained whilst scanning the sample over tens of microns, and arbitrary paths to be traversed. We illustrate this by scanning around two chromosomes in water, before scanning on top of the chromosome, showing the surface structure.
Experimental studies of the relationship of processing to the crack growth of carbon‐black‐loaded SBR—<i>cis</i>‐polybutadiene compounds (1982)

Abstract The crack growth of a highly carbon‐black‐loaded SBR— cis ‐polybutadiene (BR) blend is investigated as a function of the distribution of carbon black in the individual rubber phases. The blend compound consists of SBR/BR/carbon black/oil = 60/40/85/60 by weight ratio and curatives. A new “old process” is devised to control the carbon black distribution in the individual rubber phases, that is, cross mixing the SBR and BR black master batches with different amounts of carbon black in the SBR and BR patches. The results show that crack growth is very sensitive to the carbon black distribution. A better crack growth resistance compound is seen containing proportionately more carbon black in the major rubber SBR phase. A simple analogy of rubber blends to the rubber‐modified thermoplastics is proposed to interpret these findings. The heat buildup of the blends is also affected by the carbon black distribution. A low heat buildup compound is observed in the system in which more carbon black is in the SBR batch, which is also a better crack growth resistance compound. It is not unexpected that the strength of rubbers decreases with increase of temperature, and so the rate of crack growth becomes faster as heat builds up.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Its Application (1995)

This work touches on the principles of STM and other related techniques and their practical applications. It presents detailed STM instrumentation and the applications in metal and semiconductor surfaces, surface adsorbates and nano-fabrication. Besides a large amount of useful figures, the book uses simple language to discuss problems in depth in order to enable readers to understand and master basic conceptions of the subject. Designed as an ABC book for beginners, it provides enough information for professionals for an integrated understanding of STM and other related techniques.
Shortening of Electromechanical Systole as a Manifestation of Excessive Adrenergic Stimulation in Acute Myocardial Infarction (1972)

The relationship between shortened electromechanical systole (QS 2 I) and 24-hour urinary catecholamine excretion (E+NE) was studied in 51 patients admitted to the coronary care unit with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Among these patients, 24 had a documented acute myocardial infarction while 27 had chest pain without evidence of recent myocardial infarction. Patients receiving cardioactive drugs or with impaired renal function were excluded. Initial elevation of catecholamine excretion was found in 22 of 24 subjects with myocardial infarction and 14 patients without documented myocardial infarction. A close linear correlation (r = -0.82, P < 0.001) was noted between shortening of the QS 2 I and catecholamine excretion among all patients irrespective of the presence of documented infarction. Patients with serious arrhythmias had significantly higher levels of catecholamine excretion. In 13 patients with a short QS 2 I, 2.5 mg of propranolol given intravenously produced a significant lengthening of the QS 2 I while no change in the QS 2 I occurred in normal controls. This test provided useful corroborative evidence that the short QS 2 I was related to excessive adrenergic stimulation. In view of the current availability of effective beta-adrenergic blocking agents, these results may improve the selection of patients for antiarrhythmic therapy with these drugs.
Highly Concentrated Seed-Mediated Synthesis of Monodispersed Gold Nanorods (2017)

The extremely large optical extinction coefficient of gold nanorods (Au-NRs) enables their use in a diverse array of technologies, rnging from plasmonic imaging, therapeutics and sensors, to large area coatings, filters, and optical attenuators. Development of the latter technologies has been hindered by the lack of cost-effective, large volume production. This is due in part to the low reactant concentration required for symmetry breaking in conventional seed-mediated synthesis. Direct scale up of laboratory procedures has limited viability because of excessive solvent volume, exhaustive postsynthesis purification processes, and the generation of large amounts of waste (e.g., hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)). Following recent insights into the growth mechanism of Au-NRs and the role of seed development, we modify the classic seed-mediated synthesis via temporal control of seed and reactant concentration to demonstrate production of Au-NRs at more than 100-times the conventional concentration, while maintaining independent control and narrow distribution of nanoparticle dimensions, aspect ratio, and volume. Thus, gram scale synthesis of Au-NRs with prescribed aspect ratio and volume is feasible in a 100 mL reactor with 1/100th of organic waste relative to conventional approaches. Such scale-up techniques are crucial to cost-effectively meet the increased demand for large quantities of Au-NRs in emerging applications.
Atrial fibrillation and heart failure: natural history and pharmacological treatment (2004)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Congestive heart failure (CHF), an increasingly frequent cardiovascular disorder affecting millions of people world-wide, has become the most important risk factor of AF in developed countries, as a result of ageing populations. Approximately two thirds of patients with CHF are >65 years of age and likely to have AF as a coexistent complication. Epidemiological surveys and large clinical trials in CHF provide strong evidence that AF is a marker of increased mortality. AF may compromise LV systolic function and worsen CHF through poor rate control, irregularity of ventricular response, and loss of atrial systolic activity. Furthermore, enhanced adrenergic stimulation in the setting of CHF facilitates AV conduction and promotes the progression of cardiomyopathy, and AF may worsen CHF as a consequence of the negative inotropic effects of drugs used to control the heart rate of rhythm, or of the proarrhythmic effects of drugs used to maintain sinus rhythm. This article reviews the putative mechanisms behind atrial remodelling due to long-standing AF, and the role of neuro-hormonal alterations in the atrial electrophysiologic and structural changes which facilitate its perpetuation. It also reviews and discusses various controlled trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and AT-1 receptor blockade in the perspective of AF treatment and prevention. Finally the role of specific antiarrhythmic drugs, the respective advantages and shortcomings of rate versus rhythm control in patients with AF and CHF, and the important issue of chronic anticoagulation are presented in the light of time-tested therapies, as well as new promising therapeutic approaches.
Size and refractive index dependence of simple forward angle scattering measurements in a flow system using sharply-focused illumination. (1977)

Free accessAbstractFirst published July 1977Size and refractive index dependence of simple forward angle scattering measurements in a flow system using sharply-focused illumination.T K Sharpless, M Bartholdi, and M R MelamedView all authors and affiliationsVolume 25, Issue 7https://doi.org/10.1177/25.7.330734
Blind multi-channel system identification and deconvolution: performance bounds (2002)

We consider the problem of estimating the parameters of an unknown multi-input multi-output linear system, and the related problem of deconvolving and recovering its inputs, using only observations of the system outputs. We derive simple closed-form asymptotic expressions for the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the system parameters, as well as lower bounds on the signal reconstruction performance. These show that the identification/deconvolution performance depend on the accuracy with which the scale and the location parameters of the input probability density-functions can be identified from observation of the input signals. It is also shown that the CRLB possesses a block diagonal structure, indicating that the general multichannel deconvolution problem is decoupled into two independent simpler sub-problems. The signal separation problem where the unknown system is deconvolved to a diagonal one, and the remaining independent single-channel-deconvolution problems associated with the equalization of each of its diagonal elements.
Interactions between insulin and sodium homeostasis in essential hypertension. (1994)

It has been proposed, therefore, that hyperinsulinemia may favor the development of hypertension through sodium retention, sympathetic nervous system activation, and vascular hypertrophy. In insulin-resistant hypertensive subjects, insulin infusion during euglycemic clamp promotes a transient sodium retention by stimulating proximal tubular Na+ reabsorption, but chronic hypertension usually is not associated with extracellular fluid and plasma volume expansion. In essential hypertensive subjects, intracellular potassium is decreased and intracellular sodium increased, which is consistent with insulin resistance. The latter is also associated with high red blood cell Li+/Na+ exchange, and chronic insulin treatment in insulin-dependent diabetics induces a slight increase in Li+/Na+ CT. This is a functioning mode of the Na+/H+ exchange, and its increase may reflect either an increased number of transport units or abnormal kinetic properties. Experiments in vitro and in vivo suggested that any change in insulin concentration and insulin sensitivity may affect Li+/Na+ and Na+/H+ counter-transport. High Li+/Na+ and Na+/H+ CT are associated with a significant cardiac and vascular remodeling in essential hypertension, insulin-dependent diabetes, and familiar hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Reduced insulin sensitivity is associated with salt-sensitive hypertension. Finally, insulin potentiates the effects of other agonists (eg, thromboxane A2, angiotensin II) on vascular contraction and cell growth. These data indicate that insulin may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and its major complications by amplifying the effects of sodium, vasoconstrictors, and growth factors.
Inserting turbo code technology into the DVB satellite broadcasting system (2002)

This paper illustrates the potential benefits of inserting turbo code technology into emerging communication satellite systems. This paper considers the application of turbo codes to the digital video broadcasting (DVB) standard, which is based on the concatenation of a Reed-Solomon code and a convolutional code. We show that by simply replacing the convolutional code with a turbo code, a 1 dB improvement in coding gain can be achieved in an AWGN channel. This benefit is obtained with no loss in code rate and only a moderate increase in decoder complexity. Furthermore, since Reed-Solomon coding is used to correct burst errors at the output of the turbo decoder, the problematic "bit error rate floor" experienced by unprotected turbo codes is practically eliminated. We then discuss methods for extending the improvement to 2 dB by using larger frame sizes and more efficient Reed-Solomon codes. We conclude with a survey of other methods that can be used to achieve further performance improvements.
Design and characterization of a single channel two-liquid capacitor and its application to hyperelastic strain sensing (2015)

Room temperature liquid-metal microfluidic devices are attractive systems for hyperelastic strain sensing. These liquid-phase electronics are intrinsically soft and retain their functionality even when stretched to several times their original length. Currently two types of liquid metal-based strain sensors exist for in-plane measurements: single-microchannel resistive and two-microchannel capacitive devices. With a winding serpentine channel geometry, these sensors typically have a footprint of about a square centimeter. This large footprint of an individual device limits the number of sensors that can be embedded into, for example, electronic fabric or skin. In this work we introduce an alternative capacitor design consisting of two liquid metal electrodes separated by a liquid dielectric material within a single straight channel. Using a liquid insulator instead of a solid elastomer enables us to tailor the system's capacitance by selecting high or low dielectric constant liquids. We quantify the effects of the electrode geometry including the diameter, spacing, and meniscus shape as well as the dielectric constant of the insulating liquid on the overall system's capacitance. We also develop a procedure for fabricating the two-liquid capacitor within a single straight polydiemethylsiloxane channel and demonstrate that this device can have about 25 times higher capacitance per sensor's base area when compared to two-channel liquid metal capacitors. Lastly, we characterize the response of this compact device to strain and identify operational issues arising from complex hydrodynamics near liquid-liquid and liquid-elastomer interfaces.
Centralized power control in cellular radio systems (1993)

This paper describes a centralized power control scheme for cellular mobile radio systems. The power for the mobiles in the proposed scheme is computed based on signal strength measurements. All the mobiles using the same channel in this scheme will attain a common carrier-to-interference ratio. The proposed scheme is analyzed and shown to have an optimal solution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of the Cannabinoid Receptor-1 antagonist SR141716A on human adipocyte inflammatory profile and differentiation (2011)

We show for the first time that some clinical effects of SR141716A are probably directly related to its anti-inflammatory effect on mature adipocytes. This fact reinforces that adipose tissue is an important target in the development of tools to treat the metabolic syndrome.
Underwater acoustic modem configured for use in a local area network (LAN) (2002)

The U.S. Navy Telesonar RDTandE effort is developing a low cost, non-coherent acoustic modem capable of data transmission under adverse channel conditions at data rates up to 2400 bits per second (bps). This modem was described by Scussel et al. (1997) at Oceans '97. A substantial number of modems have been constructed by Datasonics Inc., including some intended for deployment in the SEAWEB '98 series of acoustic experiments in September, 1998 in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, in the USA. The purpose is to demonstrate an acoustic network capability supporting approximately 10 modems deployed in very shallow water. The network consists of two groups of modems, each using frequency partitioning of the approximately 5 kHz of available bandwidth, to communicate independently with a master modem. The master modem then acoustically communicates with a gateway containing both cellular and RF communications capabilities to reach distant users. Communications amongst the modems involves message transfer ("hops") across several modems, thus requiring careful attention to the development and implementation of network protocols. This is the first in a planned series of network experiments involving increasingly sophisticated modems and protocols, with autonomous handshaking and adaptive modulation offering both much lower and much higher data rates than are now available.
Supporting the Integration and Evolution of Components Through Binary Component Adaptation (1997)

Object-oriented components are hard to integrate if developed independently of each other, and difficult to evolve without affecting existing clients, particularly with widely distributed components that have thousands of reusers. We propose binary component adaptation (BCA), a new solution that allows components to be adapted and evolved in binary form and on-the-fly (during program load ing). Binary component adaptation rewrites component binaries before (or while) they are loaded and is significantly more flexible than previous approaches. Also, BCA requires no source code access and guarantees release-to-release compatibility. That is, an adaptation is guaranteed to be compatible with a new binary release of the component as long as the new release itself is compatible with clients compiled using the earlier release. We show how binary component adaptation can solve a number of important integration and evolution problems and discuss how it can be implemented for JVM class files (e.g., Java programs). We believe that binary component adaptation could significantly improve the integration and evolution of software components, especially in a relatively uncoordinated and fast-evolving environment such as the Internet.
In Vivo Visualization of Dendritic Cells, Macrophages, and Microglial Cells Responding to Laser-Induced Damage in the Fundus of the Eye (2008)

The synergistic use of ophthalmoscopy, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy allows detailed dissection of the in vivo response of mononuclear phagocytes to laser injury of the fundus. The number of microGCs increased in the retina. DCs and MPhis were present in the retina and choroid infiltrate. MPhis and granulocytes persisted in the choroid infiltrate longer than previously thought.
Model Aggregation for Distributed Content Anomaly Detection (2014)

Cloud computing offers a scalable, low-cost, and resilient platform for critical applications. Securing these applications against attacks targeting unknown vulnerabilities is an unsolved challenge. Network anomaly detection addresses such zero-day attacks by modeling attributes of attack-free application traffic and raising alerts when new traffic deviates from this model. Content anomaly detection (CAD) is a variant of this approach that models the payloads of such traffic instead of higher level attributes. Zero-day attacks then appear as outliers to properly trained CAD sensors. In the past, CAD was unsuited to cloud environments due to the relative overhead of content inspection and the dynamic routing of content paths to geographically diverse sites. We challenge this notion and introduce new methods for efficiently aggregating content models to enable scalable CAD in dynamically-pathed environments such as the cloud. These methods eliminate the need to exchange raw content, drastically reduce network and CPU overhead, and offer varying levels of content privacy. We perform a comparative analysis of our methods using Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Bloom Filter-based classifiers for operation in the cloud or other distributed settings such as wireless sensor networks. We find that content model aggregation offers statistically significant improvements over non-aggregate models with minimal overhead, and that distributed and non-distributed CAD have statistically indistinguishable performance. Thus, these methods enable the practical deployment of accurate CAD sensors in a distributed attack detection infrastructure.
VLAG: A very fast locality approximation model for GPU kernels with regular access patterns (2017)

Performance modeling plays an important role for optimal hardware design and optimized application implementation. This paper presents a very low overhead performance model, called VLAG, to approximate the data localities exploited by GPU kernels. VLAG receives source code-level information to estimate per memory-access instruction, per data array, and per kernel localities within GPU kernels. VLAG is only applicable to kernels with regular memory access patterns. VLAG was experimentally evaluated using an NVIDIA Maxwell GPU. For two different Matrix Multiplication kernels, the average errors of 7.68% and 6.29%, was resulted, respectively. The slowdown of VLAG for MM was measured 1.4X which, comparing with other approaches such as trace-driven simulation, is negligible.
Increased weight loss with reduced viral replication in interleukin-10 knock-out mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (2007)

The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 plays an important role in the regulation of host-immune responses. Here we studied the role IL-10 plays in host responses to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. We demonstrate that manifestations of murine CMV (MCMV) disease are more severe in IL-10 knock-out mice, despite significantly reduced levels of viral replication. Cytokine analysis of serum revealed increased levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and IL-6, all of which are potent stimulators of inflammatory responses. Depletion of IFN-gamma by monoclonal antibodies in IL-10 knock-out mice failed to improve the physical condition of the mice, while increasing viral replication. In contrast, serum levels of IL-6 in the knock-out animals were unaffected by IFN-gamma depletion and remained significantly elevated early in the course of infection. These data suggest that increased weight loss observed in IL-10 knock-out mice may be attributed to the uncontrolled production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6.