gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Grignard reagents. Part II. NNN′N′-tetraethylethylenediamine Grignard adducts (1967)

A stable Grignard adduct, p-fluorophenylmagnesium bromide–NNN′N′-tetraethylethylenediamine, has been prepared, which is monomeric in benzene. In contrast to ether ligands, chemical exchange between complexed and free NNN′N′-tetraethylethylenediamine is slow on an n.m.r. time scale in benzene and anisole solution at room temperature. Co-ordination by NNN′N′-tetraethylethylenediamine cosiderably slows the rate of aryl exchange between aryl Grignard reagents and the corresponding bisarylmagnesiums.
High-Performance Redundant Binary Adder Representing Each Digit by Hybrid 2 Bits/3 Bits and Its Application to Multiplier (1999)

Redundant binary representations diminish the latency of addition at moderate hardware cost and thus can play an important role in processor design. Usually it had been overlooked that the choice of good representation for digits is of crucial importance to high speed and efficient implementation. Due to inadequate representation of digits, implementation of adders for redundant binary representations has been insufficient at speed.In this paper we propose a high-performance redundant binary adder using a new hybrid representation method, which attempts to represent each digit by hybrid 2 bits/3 bits. This purpose is to present a compromise between the high speed of representing each digit by 3 bits and hardware-efficiency of representing each digit by 2 bits. By using the PARTHENON, a CAD system for VLSI, this adder is designed and evaluated. As a result, the proposed adder requires lower power dissipation, more efficient area, and about 1.4 times speed as compared with the conventional redundant binary adder. Finally, this proposed adder is applied to the multiplier and the availability is shown.
Timing analysis of keystrokes and timing attacks on SSH (2001)

SSH is designed to provide a secure channel between two hosts. Despite the encryption and authentication mechanisms it uses, SSH has two weakness: First, the transmitted packets are padded only to an eight-byte boundary (if a block cipher is in use), which reveals the approximate size of the original data. Second, in interactive mode, every individual keystroke that a user types is sent to the remote machine in a separate IP packet immediately after the key is pressed, which leaks the interkeystroke timing information of users&apos; typing. In this paper, we show how these seemingly minor weaknesses result in serious security risks.
An allelic polymorphism within the human tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter region is strongly associated with HLA A1, B8, and DR3 alleles. (1993)

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha gene lies within the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), telomeric to the class II and centromeric to the class I region. We have recently described the first polymorphism within the human TNF-alpha locus. This is biallelic and lies within the promoter region. Frequency analysis of the TNF-alpha polymorphism, using the polymerase chain reaction and single-stranded conformational polymorphism, in HLA-typed individuals, reveals a very strong association between the uncommon TNF allele and HLA A1, B8, and DR3 alleles. This is the first association between TNF-alpha and other MHC alleles and raises the possibility that the uncommon TNF-alpha allele may contribute to the many autoimmune associations of the A1,B8,DR3 haplotype.
Architecture and Scheduling Algorithm for a Multi-Channel Wireless Infrastructure Network with Diversity Management Layer (2006)

802.11a protocol provides 12 non-overlapping frequency bands, but the common wireless LAN usually only uses one channel. In this paper we propose a "super" Wi-Fi network architecture, which uses the multiple non-overlapping channels simultaneously to improve the total network band-width with minimum changes to the existing devices. To be compliable to the existing Wi-Fi network hardware and 802.11 protocols, a software based diversity management layer (DML) is introduced above the MAC layer to control and support the multi-channel. To minimize the total transmission time, a central scheduler is needed to decide how to allocate the stations’ requests into several simultaneous channels. Since the scheduling time is limited, we develop a Lagrangian relaxation based scheduling algorithm for this scheduling problem. The simulation results show that the algorithm is faster than Cplex and provides good sub-optimal solutions. We also propose a backup-resource method to further reduce the scheduling time when the number of stations in the system increases.
Automated direct immunofluorescence analyses of skin biopsies (2015)

EUROTide/EUROPath applied in an automated system improves diagnostic accuracy and saves reagents. Larger studies in other routine laboratories may further explore the value of the EUROTide/EUROPath technology and may include comparison with other automated stainers.
<i>Ut Pictura Poesis</i>: The Humanistic Theory of Painting (1940)

Treatises on art and literature written between the middle of the sixteenth and middle of the eighteenth century nearly always remark on the close relationship between painting and poetry.1 The sister arts as they were generally called—and Lomazzo observes that they arrived at a single birth2—differed, it was acknowledged, in means and manner of expression, but were considered almost identical in fundamental nature, in content, and in purpose.3 The saying attributed by Plutarch to Simonides that painting is mute poetry, poetry a speaking picture, was quoted frequently and with enthusiasm; and Horace's famous simile ut pictura poesis—as is painting so is poetry4—which the writers on art expected one to read “as is poetry so is painting,”6 was invoked more and more as final sanction for a much closer relationship between the sister arts than Horace himself would probably have approved. So deeply rooted, in fact, was the association of painting with poetry that it is not unusual to find the critics referring in a way that startles the modern reader to poets as painters; and if they do not with equal bluntness call painters poets, at least they are almost unanimous in asserting that painting merits serious consideration as a liberal art only by virtue of its likeness to poetry. In the middle of the sixteenth century Ludovico Dolce is rather more inclusive than the average when he declares that not only poets, but all writers, are painters; that poetry, history, and in short, every composition of learned men (qualunque componimento de'dotti) is painting.6
Fabrication and characterization of patterned micrometre scale interpenetrating Au–TiO<sub>2</sub>network nanocomposites (2005)

Integrated micrometre scale interpenetrating Au–nanostructured TiO2 (Au–NST) network nanocomposites have been fabricated using a two-step process. First, NS Tp adarrays were prepared by reacting patterned Ti surfaces with aqueous H2O2 .N ST formed is porous with pores 50–200 nm in diameter and walls about 75–125 nm thick. Second, Au was infiltrated into pores of NST using electroless deposition to form the nanocomposite. SEM studies indicate that Au was deposited into pores of NST with little void formation. Selective deposition of Au on NST pads was confirmed using XRD and area-mode XPS. This process is a general route to forming micrometre-scale nanocomposite features consisting of NST and metals that are amenable to electroless deposition. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
<i>Clostridium difficile</i>infection (2010)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the primary cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and is a significant nosocomial disease. In the past ten years, variant toxin-producing strains of C. difficile have emerged, that have been associated with severe disease as well as outbreaks worldwide. This review summarizes current information on C. difficile pathogenesis and disease, and highlights interventions used to combat single and recurrent episodes of CDI.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkenylation of 1,2,3‐Trizoles with Terminal Conjugated Alkenes by Direct C–H Bond Functionalization (2010)

Abstract A palladium‐catalyzed alkenylation of 1,2,3‐triazoles with terminal conjugated alkenes by direct C–H functionalization has been developed in the presence of Cu(OAc) 2 and dioxygen. A variety of terminal alkenes such as acrylates and styrenes can perform the direct oxidative coupling reactions with 1,2,3‐triazoles to afford the corresponding alkenylated products in 30–90 % yield.
First-Principles Design of Graphene-Based Active Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in the Aprotic Li–O<sub>2</sub> Battery (2016)

Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate that catalytic activities toward oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) in a Li-O2 battery can be substantially improved with graphene-based materials. We accomplish the goal by calculating free energy diagrams for the redox reactions of oxygen to identify a rate-determining step controlling the overpotentials. We unveil that the catalytic performance is well described by the adsorption energies of the intermediates LiO2 and Li2O2 and propose that graphene-based materials can be substantially optimized through either by N doping or encapsulating Cu(111) single crystals. Furthermore, our systematic approach with DFT calculations applied to design of optimum catalysts enables screening of promising candidates for the oxygen electrochemistry leading to considerable improvement of efficiency of a range of renewable energy devices.
Rate Characteristics of Anatase TiO[sub 2] Nanotubes and Nanorods for Lithium Battery Anode Materials at Room Temperature (2007)

Anatase Ti O2 nanotubes and nanorods were prepared by annealing mixed H2 Ti2 O5 H2 O and anatase Ti O2 nanotubes at 300 and 400°C, respectively. The first discharge capacities of anatase nanotubes and nanorods were 296 mAhg (Li0.88 Ti O2) and 215 mAhg (Li0.64 Ti O2), respectively. Irreversible capacity ratios were 14 and 15% for anatase nanotubes and nanorods, respectively. Capacity retention of the nanotubes was 81%, and that of the nanorods was 40% after 30 cycles. In contrast to nanotubes, the high rate performance of nanorods strongly depended on the electrode density of the electrode. Nanorods with 0.5 g cm3 (=12 mg cm2) showed 200 and 160 mAhg at 0.5 and 10 C rates, respectively. However, nanotubes showed no capacity decrease at 0.5 or 10 C under an electrode density of either 1 or 0.5 g cm3. Under 2 g cm3 (=31 mg cm2), nanotubes showed 245 and 185 mAhg at 0.5 and 2 C rates, respectively.
Plant Pyruvate Kinase (2002)

Pyruvate kinase is an important enzyme of glycolytic pathway that also functions in providing carbon skeleton for fatty acid biosynthesis. It has been purified to near homogeneity from Ricinus communis, Selenastrum minutum, Cynodon dactylon, Brassica campestris and B. napus, and characterised. Partially purified preparations are reported from several other sources. A phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) phosphatase accompanies pyruvate kinase. In plants, two isozymes of pyruvate kinase are reported, namely cytosolic and plastidic. Isoforms of cytosolic pyruvate kinase have also been reported from spinach. In most cases pyruvate kinase is a tetrameric protein and the molecular mass lies between 200 to 250 kDa. The pH optimum is in the range of 6.2 to 7.5. It requires both Mg2+ and K+ for maximum activity. ATP, citrate, and oxalate inhibit pyruvate kinase in most cases. A sequential compulsory ordered mechanism of binding of substrates to the enzyme has been proposed.
Valence-Alternation Model for Localized Gap States in Lone-Pair Semiconductors (1976)

A model is presented for the structure and properties of active centers in lone-pair semiconductors, based on the possibility of unique bonding configurations which can arise from the presence of nonbonding orbitals. It is shown that the lowest-energy neutral center is unstable towards the creation of different positively and negatively charged centers, thus resulting in a negative effective correlation energy. These centers yield gap states which explain the unusual properties of lone-pair semiconductors.
Is visual resolution after adaptive optics correction susceptible to perceptual learning? (2010)

The visual benefit of correcting high-order aberrations may not be fully realized due to neural mechanisms that compensate for the aberrations of the eye. We examined the extent to which these neural mechanisms might be susceptible to perceptual learning in an adaptive optics (AO)-corrected test of visual resolution. Visual resolution was measured in an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) in 3 conditions: (1) low-order correction (defocus and astigmatism) without AO, (2) 3-mm pupil with AO correction, and (3) 5.81-mm pupil with AO correction. Measurements were made on both eyes in all three conditions before training. Subjects underwent 5 days of monocular training in both AO-corrected conditions and were retested in all three conditions in both eyes after training. The range of minimum angle of resolution (MAR) for each condition was: (1) without AO: 0.53-0.95 arcmin, (2) AO 3-mm pupil: 0.33-0.6 arcmin, and (3) AO 5.81-mm pupil: 0.36-0.56 arcmin. AO correction provided an immediate and significant improvement in visual resolution. There was no significant difference in resolution when correcting aberrations over a 5.81-mm pupil versus a 3-mm pupil. Training on this task provided a minimal improvement in performance. Adaptation to aberrations did not hinder AO correction from providing an immediate visual benefit.
Proglumide analogues: potent cholecystokinin receptor antagonists (1985)

Proglumide [N-(benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid-1-di-n-propylamide] is a specific cholecystokinin receptor antagonist. In the present study we synthesized various analogues of proglumide and used pancreatic acini from guinea pig pancreas to examine the abilities of these analogues to function as cholecystokinin receptor antagonists. Each analogue inhibited cholecystokinin octapeptide-stimulated amylase secretion but did not stimulate amylase secretion when present alone. There was a close correlation between the ability of a particular analogue to inhibit the action of cholecystokinin on acinar cell function and its ability to inhibit binding of 125I-cholecystokinin. Structure-function studies demonstrated that neither the dipropylamide nor the benzoyl moieties are essential for inhibiting the action of cholecystokinin but that both groups are important in determining the inhibitory potency. Replacing the dipropylamide group with a hydroxyl group caused a 13-fold decrease in potency. Replacing the benzoyl moiety by an acetyl group caused a 30- to 40-fold decrease in inhibitory potency, whereas replacing the benzoyl moiety by a p-chlorophenoxyacetyl or phenoxyacetyl moiety caused a 75-fold increase in potency. Replacing both the dipropylamide moiety with a hydroxyl group and the benzoyl moiety with a phenoxyacetyl group resulted in a 5-fold decrease in inhibitory potency. Inhibition of cholecystokinin-stimulated amylase release by both the phenoxyacetyl and p-chlorophenoxyacetyl analogues was competitive in nature, fully reversible, and specific for those secretagogues that interact with the cholecystokinin receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Management of Penetrating Wounds of the Heart (1968)

WHETHER penetrating wounds of the heart should be treated with pericardicentesis or operative repair remains moderately controversial.<sup>1-4</sup>However, the fact that selected cases of penetrating heart wounds demand operation is no longer disputed, and it is becoming increasingly apparent that certain patients will require the use of cardiopulmonary bypass for operative repair of traumatic intracardiac injuries.<sup>5-7</sup>The purpose of this report is to emphasize this concept, and to demonstrate the value of individual evaluation of each case. Our experience supports the concept that strict adherence to the use of either pericardicentesis or operation is no longer realistic, and that the complexity of heart injuries may vary from very simple ones to those requiring delayed diagnosis by cardiac catherization and subsequent elective open-heart repair. The 12 patients who comprise this study ranged in age from 12 to 41 years. Four were managed by pericardicentesis alone while the remainder underwent
Protective Role for c-Jun in the Cellular Response to DNA Damage (2001)

c-Jun, a member of the activation protein 1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors, has been implicated in the regulation of many important biological processes including cell cycle progression, transformation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Accordingly, its expression and function are upregulated in response to diverse stimuli including mitogens and a wide range of stresses. Transcriptional activation of the c-Jun protein is dependent on its phosphorylation at Ser-63 and Ser-73, a process mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Active c-Jun is required for AP-1 transactivation and c-Jun-mediated transformation, but its role during stress remains unclear as both pro-apoptotic and pro-survival effects of c-Jun have been observed. Here we investigated the importance of c-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation in influencing the sensitivity of human T98G glioblastoma cells to a variety of cytotoxic agents. Stable expression of a nonphosphorylatable dominant negative protein c-Jun(S63A,S73A) markedly inhibited the activation of AP-1-driven transcription and greatly increased the cytotoxic effects of DNA-damaging agents associated with enhanced apoptosis. However, the same cells expressing the mutant Jun protein did not differ from parental cells in their sensitivity to several non-DNA-damaging cytotoxic agents. Our results suggest that activated c-Jun has a selective role in protecting human tumor cells from apoptosis induced by DNA damage.
Stereoselectivity of intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloadditions to Z and E chiral alkenes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselectivity of intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloadditions to Z and E chiral alkenesRita Annunziata, Mauro Cinquini, Franco Cozzi, Cesare Gennari, and Laura RaimondiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 21, 4674–4681Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00230a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00230a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-order fixed denominator IIR VFD filter design (2009)

A two-stage design method of low-order fixed denominator IIR variable fractional delay (VFD) digital filters is presented in this paper. In the first stage, a set of FIR fractional delay (FD) filters are designed first. Each FIR FD filter design problem is formulated in the peak-constrained weighted least-squares (PCWLS) sense and solved by the projected least-squares (PLS) algorithm. Then, model reduction technique is applied on a time-domain average FIR filter to obtain the fixed denominator. The remaining numerators of the IIR FD filters can be obtained by solving linear equations derived from the orthogonality principle. In the second stage of the design, these FD filter coefficients are to be approximated by polynomial functions of FD. Three sets of filter-examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Acid Secretion From a Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in the Upper Esophagus Demonstrated by Dual Probe 24 - hour Ambulatory pH Monitoring (2001)

Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus is frequently found during endoscopic examination. Although most patients with heterotopic gastric mucosa of the upper esophagus, referred as inlet patch, are asymptomatic, symptomatic patients with complications resulting from this ectopic mucosa have also been reported. Acid secretion by the inlet patch has been suggested in some reports. We report a case of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus, with secretion of acid, demonstrated by continuous ambulatory pH monitoring, and the improvement of pharyngeal symptoms after the use of a proton pump inhibitor.
AUREA: an open-source software system for accurate and user-friendly identification of relative expression molecular signatures (2013)

We have integrated several relative expression analysis algorithms and provided a unified interface for their implementation while making data acquisition, parameter fixing, data merging, and results analysis 'point-and-click' simple. The unified interface and the adaptive parameter tuning of AUREA provide an effective framework in which to investigate the massive amounts of publically available data by both 'in silico' and 'bench' scientists. AUREA can be found at http://price.systemsbiology.net/AUREA/.
(Poly)Combing the Pediatric Cancer Genome for Answers (2013)

Misregulation of the pattern and localization of histone modifications may result in cancer development. [Also see Report by Lewis et al. ]
Taste and Smell in Disease (1983)

A RECENT report to the National Advisory Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke Council (1979) estimated that approximately 2 million American adults have disorders of taste and smell. For 1975 and 1976 combined, a chemosensory problem was the major presenting symptom in approximately 435,000 visits to a physician's office.1 In spite of the prevalence of chemosensory dysfunctions, medical textbooks provide little information on how to evaluate or treat them. Chronic disorders of taste and smell have been largely neglected because they are seldom fatal and, unlike deficiencies in sight or hearing, are not considered serious handicaps. In addition, they are . . .
Uncoupling of Oxidative Phosphorylation of Rat Liver Mitochondria by Chinoform (1973)

1. Chinoform (5-chloro-7-iodo-8-quinolinol) uncoupled the oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria in the presence of Mg ions. 2. Release of the controlled respiration was induced by chinoform both in the presence and absence of inorganic phosphate, and was insensitive to oligomycin. ATPase activity of intact mitochondria was induced by chinoform in the presence of Mg ions, and was inhibited by oligomycin. These data indicate that chinoform affects the “non-phosphorylated high-energy intermediate.” 3. Prior addition of Mg ions was essential for the uncoupling action of chinoform. Chinoform-Mg chelate uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of Mg ions. Mg ions could be replaced by other cations such as Fe ions. 4. Chinoform glucuronide (5-chloro-7-iodo-8-quinolyl-β-D-glucuronic acid) had no uncoupling action.