gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Spin Echoes in Dipolar Solids (1967)

The decay of transverse nuclear spin magnetization in a homogeneously broadened solid can be prolonged for a time ${{T}_{2}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}\ensuremath{\gg}{T}_{2}$ by applying a train of 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} pulses in a modified Carr-Purcell sequence with pulse spacing $\ensuremath{\tau}<{T}_{2}$. A time-expansion theory which treats the problem from the viewpoint of spin echoes is used to explain an observed proportionality between ${{T}_{2}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, and predicts that ${{T}_{2}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$ depends upon a modified sixth moment of the resonance. An alternative viewpoint, in which one considers the long-time development of the spin system in a periodically modulated rf field ${H}_{1}(t)$, shows that the experiment is closely related to spin locking and explains the fact that ${{T}_{2}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{1\ensuremath{\rho}}({\overline{H}}_{1})$, the relaxation time parallel to the average rf field, as $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. The experiment offers some possibilities for the study of spin-lattice relaxation in weak fields and for double resonance in the rotating frame.
Possible therapeutic reversal of immune suppression in patients with metastatic melanoma by timed delivery of temozolomide chemotherapy: A pilot study (2009)

e20013 Background: Recent evidence suggests that patients with advanced cancer exhibit an underlying anti-tumor immune response that is continuously attenuated by regulatory T cells (Treg). Depletion of Treg using conventional chemotherapy may be feasible and clinically beneficial. C-reactive protein (CRP) is reported to rise/fall with initiation/termination of the immune response, and may be a surrogate for the periodicity of Treg proliferation that could be utilized for timing of anti-proliferative therapy. Timed delivery of chemotherapy therapy based on CRP cycling may deplete Treg and yield clinical benefit. Methods: We conducted a pilot clinical for 12 patients with metastatic melanoma who underwent serial CRP measurements (every 2–3 days) for 2 weeks. The CRP oscillation cycle was identified and chemotherapy with temozolomide (200mg/m 2 for 5 days, every 28 days) was initiated at the estimated peak of plasma CRP. Patients were evaluated for clinical and immune response endpoints every 8 weeks until progression. Results: All 12 patients (median age 61; 4 female; 7 with M1c disease) exhibited oscillating CRP levels with an average periodicity of 7.8 days. Only 11 patients were treated (1 patient had rapid tumor progression). The two patients who remain progression-free for >2 years (1 PR, 1 CR), were treated in the pre-peak section of the CRP cycle, distinctly separate from the other patients treated post CRP-peak (all progressed <5 months). Presented are peripheral blood immunological laboratory correlates (cellular and cytokine) to CRP oscillation. Conclusions: These data suggest that patient clinical outcome may be dependent on the timing of therapy relative to an individual patient's immune response cycle and outline the dynamic equilibrium of systemic immune homeostasis in patients with advanced melanoma. Further investigations of these observations are under way. [Table: see text]
Study on the Critical Threshold Chloride Content for Steel Corrosion in Concrete with Various Cement Contents (2008)

초록·키워드 목차 오류제보하기 등록된 정보가 없습니다. ABSTRACT1. 서론2. 실험 개요3. 실험 결과4. 결론참고문헌요약
Acceptability of a Novel Vaginal Microbicide during a Safety Trial among Low-Risk Women (2000)

Additional testing of this product is urgently needed. Furthermore, as other products approach Phase I testing, acceptability assessments should be a key component of clinical trials.
HDL-Associated Lysosphingolipids Inhibit NAD(P)H Oxidase-Dependent Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Production (2008)

HDL-associated lysosphingolipids inhibit NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent ROS generation and MCP-1 production in a process that requires coordinate signaling through S1P(3) and SR-B1 receptors.
Cytotoxicity of Natural Ginseng Glycosides and Semisynthetic Analogues (1999)

The cytotoxicity of natural glycosides from Ginseng, semisynthetic analogues and related triterpenes of the dammarane series, isolated from the leaves of the Far-East species of the genus Betula was studied in order to elucidate structure-activity relationships. Some of the compounds studied were active against the human lung carcinoma GLC4 and adenocarcinoma COLO 320 cell lines. The natural glycosides displayed the lowest cytotoxicity. The triterpenes of the dammarane series used as starting aglycones for semisynthetic derivatives were moderately cytotoxic. The dammarane triterpenes possessing keto groups and their semisynthetic glucosides were the most active compounds tested. Cytotoxic effects of the dammarane glucosides were inversely proportional both to the number of sugars attached to the aglycones and to the number of hydroxy groups of the aglycones. The type of side chain and the configuration of the hydroxy group at C-3 in aglycones did not have a significant influence on the cytotoxicity.
Mutation of the WI-1 gene yields an attenuated Blastomyces dermatitidis strain that induces host resistance (2000)

Systemic fungal infections are becoming more common and difficult to treat, and vaccine prevention is not available. Pulmonary infection with the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis often progresses and requires treatment to prevent fatality. We recently created a recombinant strain of the fungus lacking the WI-1 adhesin and pathogenicity. We show here that administration of viable yeast of this attenuated strain vaccinates against lethal pulmonary experimental infection due to isogenic and nonisogenic strains from diverse geographic regions. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a recombinant attenuated vaccine against fungi. The vaccine induces delayed-type hypersensitivity and polarized type 1 cytokine responses, which are linked with resistance. A cell-wall/membrane (CW/M) antigen from the vaccine strain also induces polarized and protective immune responses. Lymph node cells and CD4(+) T-cell lines raised with CW/M antigen transfer protective immunity when they release type 1 cytokine IFN-gamma, but not when they release IL-4, and neutralization of IFN-gamma confirmed its role in vivo. Thus, by mutating a pathogenetic locus in a dimorphic fungus, we have created an attenuated vaccine strain and have begun to elucidate fungal and host elements requisite for vaccine immunity.
Development of the microhardness of an al‐2.0 at.% zn‐1.3 at.% mg alloy with additions of technical impurities during a two‐step ageing treatment (ii) (1982)

Abstract The alloy was preaged in the temperature range between T pre = 50 °C and 160 °C for various times and afterwards postaged at R.T. The course of the microhardness and the related structure changes (TEM and SAXS investigations) were investigated. The main results are the following: – Preageing the samples times less than the incubation time no essential structure changes take place at least not in the sense that the further decomposition happening during the postageing at R.T. is remarkably influenced. – The samples preaged at T a 110 °C for times somewhat longer than the incubation time show a distinct minimum after the end of the postageing period of 42 d at R.T. Most probably at T a 110 °C in the starting period of the decomposition nuclei of the α‐phase or of spherical hexagonal zones were formed. These nuclei lessen considerably the amount of G.P. zones able to be nucleated during the R.T. postageing.
Structure determination of OppA at 2.3 Å resolution using multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion methods (1995)

OppA is a 58.8 kDa bacterial transport protein involved in the transport of peptides across the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It binds peptides from two to five residues in length but with little sequence specificity. OppA from Salmonella typhimurium has been cloned and expressed in E. coli and the protein cocrystallized with uranyl acetate, producing two distinct crystal forms with different uranium sites. Multiple-wavelength data collected about the uranium L(III) edge have been collected at the Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS) to a nominal resolution limit of 2.3 A. Maximum-likelihood phasing methods have been used in phase determination from the multiple-wavelength data giving a readily interpretable electron-density map, without any density modification. The electron-density map, calculated at 2.3 A resolution shows OppA to be a bilobal, principally beta-stranded, three-domain protein. The tri-lysine ligand molecule can be clearly seen in the peptide-binding site between the two lobes.
VMS file system internals (1990)

Aimed at software specialists, system programmers, applications designers and other computer professionals, this is an in-depth study of the VMS file system, Version 5.2. It provides an understanding of the data structures, algorithms, interfaces to and basic synchronization mechanisms of the VMS file system.
Effect of Simvastatin and Antioxidant Vitamins on Atrial Fibrillation Promotion by Atrial-Tachycardia Remodeling in Dogs (2004)

Simvastatin attenuates AF promotion by atrial tachycardia in dogs, an effect not shared by antioxidant vitamins, and constitutes a potentially interesting new pharmacological approach to preventing the consequences of atrial tachycardia remodeling.
[Chemotherapy of echinococcosis in laboratory animals]. (1978)

In situ differential ellipsometry measurements are used to investigate the plasma oxidation dynamics of subnanometer Al layers in real time. An analysis of the measured oxidation rate allows us to monitor the conversion from Al to Al2O3 in real time and mark the onset of the CoFe electrode oxidation. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of identical samples that were plasma oxidized for 3 s are used to confirm the ellipsometry results. A linear relationship was found between the amount of Al2O3 determined from the XPS data and the amount of oxidized Al derived from the ellipsometry data. From this, we conclude that the conversion from Al to Al2O3 of subnanometer thin barriers for magnetic tunnel junctions can be observed by using the derivative of the ellipsometer signal.
Psoriasis induced by cetuximab: A paradoxical adverse effect (2010)

Cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, is a chemotherapeutical agent featuring well-known adverse dermatological effects related to tumour-response prognosis. In psoriasis, the epidermal growth factor receptor is overexpressed; hence, the expectation would be that an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor could improve psoriatic lesions. We report a case of psoriasis induced by cetuximab, which was a surprising adverse effect.
Outcomes of Patients Treated Arthroscopically by Microfracture for Traumatic Chondral Defects of the Knee: Average 11‐year Follow‐up (SS‐24) (2002)

The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery Online following criteria were eligible: at least one femoral defect 2cm2, no treated defects of the patella or tibia, minimum follow-up of 3 years.Evaluation was completed using the modified Cincinnati Score.Adverse events, including treatment failures were collected using standardized forms.Results: 23 (MST) and 31 (ACI) patients were assessed.Mean age 36 (MST) and 37 (ACI) years.Mean total defect area 4.7cm2 (MST) and 5.7 cm2 (ACI).35% (MST) and 87% (ACI) underwent previous articular cartilage surgery to the affected knee, including 22% (MST) and 32% (ACI) and who failed a prior marrow stimulation procedure.Overall results at 3+ years indicate improvement in 52% of MST and 86% of ACI patients.Overall patient Cincinnati Knee Score improved from 4.3 to 5.7 for MST and from 3.1 to 7.1 for ACI.The improvement for ACI was significantly better than MST, p<0.001.Reoperation due to treatment failure occurred in 5 MST and 2 ACI patients.Disucssion: In this preliminary study, ACI is more likely to result in improvement, and produces a higher level of function and greater probability of return to sport than MST.A larger study is underway to confirm these findings.
Origin of difference between<i>u</i>¯ and<i>d</i>¯ partons in the nucleon (1994)

Using the Euclidean path-integral formulation for the hadronic tensor, we show that the large difference between u\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} and d\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} does not come from the disconnected quark-loop insertion. Rather, it can come from the connected (quark line) insertion involving quarks propagating backwards in time. We study the influence of the backward time propagator in the axial-vector and scalar matrix elements in lattice gauge calculations and give an estimate of the violation of the Gottfried sum rule.
A Unified Approach to the Daucane and Sphenolobane Bicyclo[5.3.0]decane Core: Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Daucene, Daucenal, Epoxydaucenal B, and 14‐<i>para</i>‐Anisoyloxydauc‐4,8‐diene (2013)

Access to the bicyclo[5.3.0]decane core found in the daucane and sphenolobane terpenoids via a key enone intermediate enables the enantioselective total syntheses of daucene, daucenal, epoxydaucenal B, and 14-para-anisoyloxydauc-4,8-diene. Central aspects include a catalytic asymmetric alkylation followed by a ring contraction and ring-closing metathesis to generate the five- and seven-membered rings, respectively.
Singing-driven interfaces for sound synthesizers (2008)

Digital musical instruments are usually decomposed in two main constituent parts: a user interface and a sound synthesis engine. The user interface is popularly referred as a musical controller, and its design is the primary objective of this dissertation. Under the title of singing-driven interfaces, we aim to design systems that allow controlling the synthesis of musical instruments sounds with the singing voice. This dissertation searches for the relationships between the voice and the sound of musical instruments by addressing both, the voice signal description, as well as the mapping strategies for a meaningful control of the synthesized sound. We propose two different approaches, one for controlling a singing voice synthesizer, and another for controlling the synthesis of instrumental sounds. For the latter, we suggest to represent voice signal as vocal gestures, contributing with several voice analysis methods. To demonstrate the obtained results, we developed two real-time prototypes.
Optimization of Multi Cylindrical Filters for Industrial Gas Processing Plants (2007)

Gas filters utilize multi cylindrical filter tubes to capture undesirable solids and remove them from a gas stream. An optimization effort described in this paper starts with commonly used multi cylindrical filters and aims at significantly decreasing the gas pressure drop across the gas filter resulting in possible reduction in the diameter of the vessel while maintaining acceptable pressure loss. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is used to determine the effects of filter tube diameter and multi filter tube packing on the overall pressure drop across the vessel.
Metamaterial emitter for thermophotovoltaics stable up to 1400 °C (2019)

High temperature stable selective emitters can significantly increase efficiency and radiative power in thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems. However, optical properties of structured emitters reported so far degrade at temperatures approaching 1200 °C due to various degradation mechanisms. We have realized a 1D structured emitter based on a sputtered W-HfO<sub>2</sub> layered metamaterial and demonstrated desired band edge spectral properties at 1400 °C. To the best of our knowledge the temperature of 1400 °C is the highest reported for a structured emitter, so far. The spatial confinement and absence of edges stabilizes the W-HfO<sub>2</sub> multilayer system to temperatures unprecedented for other nanoscaled W-structures. Only when this confinement is broken W starts to show the well-known self-diffusion behavior transforming to spherical shaped W-islands. We further show that the oxidation of W by atmospheric oxygen could be prevented by reducing the vacuum pressure below 10<sup>-5</sup> mbar. When oxidation is mitigated we observe that the 20 nm spatially confined W films survive temperatures up to 1400 °C. The demonstrated thermal stability is limited by grain growth in HfO<sub>2</sub>, which leads to a rupture of the W-layers, thus, to a degradation of the multilayer system at 1450 °C.
Cone Beam Reconstruction with Sources on a Curve (1985)

An inversion procedure is developed for reconstructing a function of compact support in $\mathbb{R}^3 $ from its divergent beam x-ray transform with sources on a curve. The results apply to many curves not satisfying the conditions of Tuy [SIAM J. Appl. Math., 43 (1983), pp. 546–552), for example, planar circles of sufficiently large radius. In some cases, estimates in Sobolev norms are established for the inversion operator.
Autophosphorylation of the Focal Adhesion Kinase, ppl25<sup>FAK</sup>, Directs SH2-Dependent Binding of pp60<i><sup>src</sup></i> (1994)

The phosphorylation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) on tyrosine residues is a critical regulatory event that modulates catalytic activity and triggers the physical association of PTKs with Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing proteins. The integrin-linked focal adhesion kinase, pp125FAK, exhibits extracellular matrix-dependent phosphorylation on tyrosine and physically associates with two nonreceptor PTKs, pp60src and pp59fyn, via their SH2 domains. Herein, we identify Tyr-397 as the major site of tyrosine phosphorylation on pp125FAK both in vivo and in vitro. Tyrosine 397 is located at the juncture of the N-terminal and catalytic domains, a novel site for PTK autophosphorylation. Mutation of Tyr-397 to a nonphosphorylatable residue dramatically impairs the phosphorylation of pp125FAK on tyrosine in vivo and in vitro. The mutation of Tyr-397 to Phe also inhibits the formation of stable complexes with pp60src in cells expressing Src and FAK397F, suggesting that autophosphorylation of pp125FAK may regulate the association of pp125FAK with Src family kinases in vivo. The identification of Tyr-397 as a major site for FAK autophosphorylation provides one of the first examples of a cellular protein containing a high-affinity binding site for a Src family kinase SH2 domain. This finding has implications for models describing the mechanisms of action of pp125FAK, the regulation of the Src family of PTKs, and signal transduction through the integrins.
DNA Double Strand Break Repair: A Radiation Perspective (2013)

An improved understanding of the molecular pathways involved in sensing and repairing damaged DNA molecules and the role of DSBs is crucial for the development of novel classes of drugs to treat human diseases and to exploit characteristics of IR and alterations in tumor cells for successful radiotherapy applications.
Poly(p-phenylene sulfone) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(p-phenylene sulfone)Douglas R. Robello, Abraham Ulman, and Edward J. UrankarCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 25, 6718–6721Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00077a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00077a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views598Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Urgency and Efficiency based Wireless Downlink Packet Scheduling Algorithm in OFDMA System (2005)

In this paper, we exploit how to provide quality of service at the downlink in the OFDMA wireless communication systems. The OFDMA, also referred to as multiuser-OFDM, is considered as a strong candidate wireless system for the next generation mobile communications. Since there are a variety of traffic demands for real-time and non-real-time traffics in the next generation mobile communications, especially at the downlink from a base station, scheduling of such downlink traffic packets is expected to be a key function for QoS provisioning to users. One such scheduling algorithm designed not only to support multiple users simultaneously but also to offer real-time and non-real-time services to a user at the same time is the urgency and efficiency based packet scheduling (UEPS) algorithm [S. Ryu et al., 2005]. The UEPS algorithm uses the time-utility function as a scheduling urgency factor and the relative status of the current channel to the average one as an efficiency indicator of radio resource usage. The design goal to maximize throughput of non-real-time traffics with satisfying QoS requirements of real-time traffics.
Molecular and process design for rotavirus-like particle production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2011)

We present for the first time the use of yeast as a platform to express multilayered rotavirus-like particles. The present study shows that the combined use of molecular and bioprocess tools allowed the production of triple-layered rotavirus RLP. Production of VLP with complex architecture in yeasts could lead to the development of new vaccine candidates with reduced restrictions by regulatory agencies, using the successful experience with other yeast-based VLP vaccines commercialized worldwide.
Cloud computing architectures (2011)

In this paper, we put forward a basic taxonomy of cloud computing architectures. By this taxonomy, cloud computing architectures are essentially subdivided into Cloud Platform Architecture (CAA) and Cloud Application Architecture (CAA) which are linked via the cloud services available in the marketplace of Information Technology (IT) capabilities. We elaborate the constructs of CPA and CAA, respectively. Such a division between CPA and CAA is fundamental for cloud computing to serve as a potential foundation for delivering IT services as utilities over the Internet.
Direct connection of series self-excited generators and HVDC converters (1993)

An alternative and simpler solution is proposed for the direct connection of generators to HVDC converters. The generator exciter windings are connected in series with the output of the HVDC converter and take the place of the conventional smoothing reactor. Existing steady state and time domain simulation programs are modified to represent the behaviour of the series direct connection scheme. It is shown that series excitation naturally extends the power transmission capability and permits fast fault clearances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>