gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent developments relevant to implementation of a hybrid TEM cell/reverberation chamber HIRF test facility (2002)

A hybrid TEM cell/reverberation chamber has been proposed as a high intensity radiated fields (HIRF) test facility for aircraft. The concept would provide a linearly polarized, plane wave electromagnetic test environment over the TEM frequency region. Over the reverberation chamber operating range the electromagnetic test environment would be isotropic and randomly polarized. The frequency interval between the TEM cell and the reverberation ranges is a transition region. The frequency region covered by the hybrid concept would be 10 kHz to 18 GHz. TEM cells and reverberation chambers provided different but well characterized test environments over their normal operating ranges. However the transition region environment is not well characterized and available data implies large uncertainties. This paper considers one of several approaches for dealing with the transition region. The feasibility of the hybrid concept has been demonstrated in a small facility. The scaleability of TEM cells, reverberation chambers, and the hybrid concept for an aircraft sized facility is a concern. The paper provides scaleability data on reverberation chambers. The paper also discusses the status of R&D efforts on some of the remaining hybrid concept issues.
Organic and carbon aerogels from the NaOH‐catalyzed polycondensation of resorcinol–furfural and supercritical drying in ethanol (2005)

Abstract Organic aerogels and related carbon aerogels were prepared from the NaOH‐catalyzed polycondensation of resorcinol–furfural (RF) and supercritical drying in ethanol. The effect of the preparation conditions, including the RF concentration, molar ratio of resorcinol (R) to NaOH, and molar ratio of R to furfural, on the gelation time and bulk density was studied. The chemical structure of the organic aerogel was revealed by IR spectroscopy. The pyrolysis process of the organic aerogel was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. According to characterizations of transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption, the organic and carbon aerogels we obtained had a three‐dimensional network that consisted of around 30‐nm particles, which defined numerous mesopores of less than 30 nm. As a result, the aerogels had high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas (698–753 m 2 /g) and large mesopore volumes (1.09–1.64 cm 3 /g). X‐ray diffraction characterization indicated that the carbon aerogel was more crystalline than activated carbon but less activated than graphite. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1429–1435, 2005
A Low Dose of Dietary Resveratrol Partially Mimics Caloric Restriction and Retards Aging Parameters in Mice (2008)

Resveratrol in high doses has been shown to extend lifespan in some studies in invertebrates and to prevent early mortality in mice fed a high-fat diet. We fed mice from middle age (14-months) to old age (30-months) either a control diet, a low dose of resveratrol (4.9 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), or a calorie restricted (CR) diet and examined genome-wide transcriptional profiles. We report a striking transcriptional overlap of CR and resveratrol in heart, skeletal muscle and brain. Both dietary interventions inhibit gene expression profiles associated with cardiac and skeletal muscle aging, and prevent age-related cardiac dysfunction. Dietary resveratrol also mimics the effects of CR in insulin mediated glucose uptake in muscle. Gene expression profiling suggests that both CR and resveratrol may retard some aspects of aging through alterations in chromatin structure and transcription. Resveratrol, at doses that can be readily achieved in humans, fulfills the definition of a dietary compound that mimics some aspects of CR.
Well defined block copolymers of ε‐caprolactone and <scp>L</scp>‐lactide using Y<sub>5</sub>(μ‐O)(O<sup>i</sup>Pr)<sub>13</sub> as an initiator (1995)

Abstract Diblock copolymers composed of poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(L‐lactide) were synthesized via sequential living ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone and L‐lactide in dichloromethane initiated by Y 5 (μ‐O)(O i Pr) 13 (yttrium isopropoxide). A series of diblock copolymers was synthesized with ε‐caprolactone blocks of constant length (DP = 70) and lactide blocks of varying length (DP = 5–80), with polydispersities of 1,18–1,27. Molecular weights were close to theoretical values. 13 C NMR spectroscopy shows the absence of transesterification reactions and racemization. The thermal properties of the block copolymers were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The block copolymers show a certain degree of phase mixing depending on the length of the poly(L‐lactide) blocks. Crystallization of L‐lactide sequences did not occur when the block length consisted of less than 40 L‐lactic acid residues.
An enrichment method to increase cell-free fetal DNA fraction and significantly reduce false negatives and test failures for non-invasive prenatal screening: a feasibility study (2019)

We developed an effective method to enrich cffDNA for NIPS, which shows an increased success rate and a reduced chance of false negative comparing to the ordinary NIPS method.
Interactions between the Structural Domains of the RNA Replication Proteins of Plant-Infecting RNA Viruses (1998)

Brome mosaic virus (BMV), a positive-strand RNA virus, encodes two replication proteins: the 2a protein, which contains polymerase-like sequences, and the 1a protein, with N-terminal putative capping and C-terminal helicase-like sequences. These two proteins are part of a multisubunit complex which is necessary for viral RNA replication. We have previously shown that the yeast two-hybrid assay consistently duplicated results obtained from in vivo RNA replication assays and biochemical assays of protein-protein interaction, thus permitting the identification of additional interacting domains. We now map an interaction found to take place between two 1a proteins. Using previously characterized 1a mutants, a perfect correlation was found between the in vivo phenotypes of these mutants and their abilities to interact with wild-type 1a (wt1a) and each other. Western blot analysis revealed that the stabilities of many of the noninteracting mutant proteins were similar to that of wt1a. Deletion analysis of 1a revealed that the N-terminal 515 residues of the 1a protein are required and sufficient for 1a-1a interaction. This intermolecular interaction between the putative capping domain and itself was detected in another tripartite RNA virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), suggesting that the 1a-1a interaction is a feature necessary for the replication of tripartite RNA viruses. The boundaries for various activities are placed in the context of the predicted secondary structures of several 1a-like proteins of members of the alphavirus-like superfamily. Additionally, we found a novel interaction between the putative capping and helicase-like portions of the BMV and CMV 1a proteins. Our cumulative data suggest a working model for the assembly of the BMV RNA replicase.
Line drawing simplification by stroke translation and combination (2014)

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for simplifying line drawing sketches. First, we segment the strokes at the points of large curvature if desired. Then, we perform a low-pass filter and use the result to assign a weight to every stroke. The strokes are moved to the position of the higher weight. After that, we find the stroke pairs and combine them to reduce the total number of the strokes, resulting in a cleaner line drawing art. This system also cuts down the disordered and confusing small strokes and combines them to form long strokes.
CoA Adducts of 4-Oxo-4-phenylbut-2-enoates: Inhibitors of MenB from the <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Menaquinone Biosynthesis Pathway (2011)

A high-throughput screen led to the discovery of 2-amino-4-oxo-4-phenylbutanoate inhibitors of the 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA synthase (MenB) from the menaquinone biosynthesis pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, these compounds are unstable in solution and eliminate to form the corresponding 4-oxo-4-phenylbut-2-enoates that then react with CoA in situ to form nanomolar inhibitors of MenB. The potency of these compounds results from interaction of the CoA adduct carboxylate with the MenB oxyanion hole, a conserved structural motif in the crotonase superfamily. 4-Oxo-4-chlorophenylbutenoyl methyl ester has MICs of 0.6 and 1.5 μg/ml against replicating and nonreplicating M. tuberculosis, respectively, and it is proposed that the methyl ester penetrates the cell where it is hydrolyzed and reacts with CoA to generate the active antibacterial. The CoA adducts thus represent an important foundation for the development of novel MenB inhibitors, and suggest a general approach to the development of potent inhibitors of acyl-CoA binding enzymes.
Synthesis of Pazopanib Hydrochloride (2010)

Pazopanib hydrochloride,an antitumor agent,was synthesized from 2-ethylaniline by nitration,cyclization,methylation,reduction,substitution with 2,4-dichloropyrimidine and methylation to give 2,3-dimethyl-N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-N-methyl-2H-indazol-6-amine,which was subjected to condensation with 2-methyl-5-aminobenzene sulfonamide and then salt formation with an overall yield of about 28%.
Advance in Development of Organic Electroluminescence Materials (2012)

Due to significant advantages,organic light-emitting materials had been recognized as the Star of Hope of the flat panel display,full-color electroluminescence LED,light-emitting lighting to lead grow up of lighting and display technology.In this paper,the light-emitting principle and application of organic electroluminescence materials were briefly introduced.In addition,the classification and development of the organic electroluminescence materials were discussed in detail.
Developing A Sensing System for the Measurement of Oxygen Concentration in Liquid Pb-Bi Eutectic: Quarterly Progress Report ( July 1 - Sept. 30, 2004) (2004)

Dr. Jiang Ma and Mr. Xiaolong Wu worked in LANL between July 1 and Sept. 15 to conduct the experiment. Test of the corrosion of different materials in LBE was performed. The influence of the process of gas introduction to the LBE was studied. Data analysis work was performed based on accumulated data. In the same time, progress has been made in the simulation for transport in oxygen mixing, and one paper was presented in a conference. Another paper was composed and submitted to IEEE International Symposium of Circuits and Systems for the track Chemical Sensors. Preparation of a paper regarding to the RGA analysis for the calibration of oxygen sensor is on the way.
Retinal and cortical evoked responses to chromatic contrast stimuli (1996)

It is known that colour vision may be altered in optic neuritis. Our aim was to establish whether chromatic and achromatic vision are differentially impaired using stimuli designed to favour the activity of either the magnocellular or the parvocellular stream of the visual pathway. Fourteen patients with a past history of unilateral optic neuritis in the course of multiple sclerosis and 10 age-matched control subjects were included in the study. Patients had relatively good visual acuity in the affected eyes and no gross colour deficits (Ishihara). Stimuli were alternating gratings of low spatial frequency and of different chromaticity along the red-green axis. The psychophysical contrast sensitivity (CS) was measured at 5 Hz as a function of colour ratio [red/(red + green)] to evaluate both the equiluminant point (the colour ratio corresponding to the lowest CS) and the CS for isochromatic, luminance gratings (red-black and green-black). Steady-state (2-24 Hz) and transient pattern electroretinograms (PERGs) and visually evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded in response to high contrast (90%) stimuli of low spatial frequency (0.3 cycles deg-1) modulated in either pure chromatic contrast (equiluminant red-green) or pure luminance contrast (yellow-black). On average, CSs were reduced (10 dB) in optic neuritis eyes compared with controls for both luminance and chromatic gratings. In the VEPs (both transient and steady-state) amplitude losses and latency delays were far larger for the chromatic VEPs than for the luminance VEPs. Chromatic VEP latency delays were remarkable also in the fellow, clinically normal, eyes. Significant losses were apparent in both the luminance and chromatic PERG. However, the chromatic PERG was comparatively more altered. In agreement with previous reports, selective losses were not apparent at threshold. By contrast, suprathreshold electrophysiological responses displayed a clear dissociation between luminance and colour, suggesting that the parvocellular stream, compared with the magnocellular stream is more impaired in optic neuritis.
Hydroboration with Pyridine Borane at Room Temperature (2005)

Treatment of pyridine borane (Py.BH3) with iodine, bromine, or strong acids affords activated Py.BH2X complexes that are capable of hydroborating alkenes at room temperature. Evidence is presented for an unusual hydroboration mechanism involving leaving group displacement. In contrast to THF.BH3, hydroboration with Py.BH2I selectively affords the monoadducts. The crude hydroboration products are converted into synthetically useful potassium alkyltrifluoroborate salts upon treatment with methanolic KHF2.
Selective Host Amplification from a Dynamic Combinatorial Library of Oligoimines for the Syntheses of Different Optically Active Polyazamacrocycles (2004)

Abstract Two different macrocyclic hosts are amplified and expressed by metal guests from the same dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) of oligoimines. We studied the thermodynamic template effect and the structure of the final compounds by a combination of ESI‐MS, UV and NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallography techniques. The use of Ba II or Cd II metal salts allows the selective synthesis of dimeric [2+2] or trimeric [3+3] cyclic structures, respectively. We observed a cooperative molding effect for the Cd ion‐templated process. A study of the DCL behavior in situ demonstrated a second level of molecular diversity, based on the imine/α‐methoxyamine equilibrium. This process is probably promoted by metal ion coordination and shows an interesting diastereoselectivity in the formation of the new chiral centers. Semiempirical (PM3) theoretical calculations also support these experimental observations. Reduction of the imine bonds allows the selective preparation and isolation of each macrocyclic polyamine on a synthetic scale and in a one‐pot procedure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
TRPV4 Forms a Novel Ca <sup>2+</sup> Signaling Complex With Ryanodine Receptors and BK <sub>Ca</sub> Channels (2005)

Vasodilatory factors produced by the endothelium are critical for the maintenance of normal blood pressure and flow. We hypothesized that endothelial signals are transduced to underlying vascular smooth muscle by vanilloid transient receptor potential (TRPV) channels. TRPV4 message was detected in RNA from cerebral artery smooth muscle cells. In patch-clamp experiments using freshly isolated cerebral myocytes, outwardly rectifying whole-cell currents with properties consistent with those of expressed TRPV4 channels were evoked by the TRPV4 agonist 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4alpha-PDD) (5 micromol/L) and the endothelium-derived arachidonic acid metabolite 11,12 epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12 EET) (300 nmol/L). Using high-speed laser-scanning confocal microscopy, we found that 11,12 EET increased the frequency of unitary Ca2+ release events (Ca2+ sparks) via ryanodine receptors located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cerebral artery smooth muscle cells. EET-induced Ca2+ sparks activated nearby sarcolemmal large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, measured as an increase in the frequency of transient K+ currents (referred to as "spontaneous transient outward currents" [STOCs]). 11,12 EET-induced increases in Ca2+ spark and STOC frequency were inhibited by lowering external Ca2+ from 2 mmol/L to 10 micromol/L but not by voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel inhibitors, suggesting that these responses require extracellular Ca2+ influx via channels other than voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Antisense-mediated suppression of TRPV4 expression in intact cerebral arteries prevented 11,12 EET-induced smooth muscle hyperpolarization and vasodilation. Thus, we conclude that TRPV4 forms a novel Ca2+ signaling complex with ryanodine receptors and BKCa channels that elicits smooth muscle hyperpolarization and arterial dilation via Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release in response to an endothelial-derived factor.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY IN NITROGEN MUSTARDS. PART II. SYNTHESIS OF SOME 2‐ALKYL‐3‐ARYL‐4(3H)‐QUINAZOLINONE DERIVATIVES AS POSSIBLE ANTITUMOR AGENTS (1979)

Abstract Nach bekannten Verfahren wurden die Chinazolinonderivate (III), (VI) und (X) synthetisiert.
Three-Plane Ballistocardiography: The Effect of Age on the Longitudinal, Lateral, and Dorsoventral Ballistocardiograms (1955)

The motions of the thorax and of the shins were recorded by a technic which gives approximately the same size waves when a given force is applied to the thorax in each of three planes. Applied to a group of men and women under 30 years of age and another group of normals over 50, the variations in form and size of the ballistocardiographic forces in three planes were recorded. During expiration and as a result of aging, the lateral systolic wave, IJ, increases in size relative to the head-foot IJ. It is concluded that the classic head-foot ballistocardiogram yields inadequate information on the force liberated in systole, particularly in older men.
Effect of exercise and recovery on muscle protein synthesis in human subjects (1990)

Previous studies using indirect means to assess the response of protein metabolism to exercise have led to conflicting conclusions. Therefore, in this study we have measured the rate of muscle protein synthesis in normal volunteers at rest, at the end of 4 h of aerobic exercise (40% maximal O2 consumption), and after 4 h of recovery by determining directly the rate of incorporation of 1,2-[13C]leucine into muscle. The rate of muscle protein breakdown was assessed by 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) excretion, and total urinary nitrogen excretion was also measured. There was an insignificant increase in 3-MH excretion in exercise of 37% and a significant increase (P less than 0.05) of 85% during 4 h of recovery from exercise (0.079 +/- 0.008 vs. 0.147 +/- 0.0338 mumol.kg-1.min-1 for rest and recovery from exercise, respectively). Nonetheless, there was no effect of exercise on total nitrogen excretion. Muscle fractional synthetic rate was not different in the exercise vs. the control group at the end of exercise (0.0417 +/- 0.004 vs. 0.0477 +/- 0.010%/h for exercise vs. control), but there was a significant increase in fractional synthetic rate in the exercise group during the recovery period (0.0821 +/- 0.006 vs. 0.0654 +/- 0.012%/h for exercise vs. control, P less than 0.05). Thus we conclude that although aerobic exercise may stimulate muscle protein breakdown, this does not result in a significant depletion of muscle mass because muscle protein synthesis is stimulated in recovery.
The Helmholtz Mechanism of Accommodation (2003)

A new era of refractive surgery is on the horizon in the field of hyperopia and presbyopia correction. Corneal intervention, corneal implants, corneal rings, intraocular lenses, and scleral intervention are the major treatment strategies. Although this field is new and some of the novel surgeries may not endure into the future, this book covers all of the clinical and basic research activities available as of the year 2003.
Treatment of humic surface water at cold temperatures by ozonation and biofiltration (2002)

A small full-scale ozonation/biofiltration plant was operated for 1.5 years in mid-Norway. A three-media biofilter was used to remove biodegradable organic matter from ozonated water. The biofilter contained granular activated carbon (GAC), phonolith and CaCO3 and was operated at 26-30 min. empty bed contact time. The water temperature varied between 2 and 14°C but the biofilter was operated most of the time at temperatures below 10°C. Total phosphorus concentration in the raw water was also very low (1.1-2.0 μg L-1). Batch tests showed that low phosphorus concentration and low temperature are potential limitations for microbial growth and organic carbon removal. Initially, the GAC adsorbed organic carbon while the microbial activity was building up. Most of the adsorption capacity was used after 1.5 months of operation. After this period, 14-33% of the TOC was removed (average 23%). Although the overall TOC removal in the process was modest, average BDOC removal of 55% was observed even at 3°C. Ozonation was effective in reducing colour with average removal of 80%. The results show that significant biological activity can be achieved and maintained in biofilter treating ozonated water even at low temperatures and phosphorus limited conditions.
A Comparative Study of Trabecular Bone Properties in the Spine and Femur Using High Resolution MRI and CT (1998)

The purpose of this study was to use high resolution (HR) magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) images combined with texture analysis to investigate the trabecular structure of human vertebral and femoral specimens and to compare these techniques with bone mineral density (BMD) in the prediction of bone strength. Twenty-nine bone cubes were harvested from 12 proximal femur cadaver specimens and 29 from 8 spines. HR MR and CT images were obtained, and texture analysis techniques were used to assess trabecular structure. Additionally, BMD, elastic modulus (EM), and maximum compressive strength were determined. R2 for EM versus texture measures computed in the MR images was higher (R2 = 0.27-0.64, p < 0.01) in the spine than in the femur specimens (R2 = 0.12-0.22, p < 0.05). R2 values were similar in the CT images. R2 for EM versus BMD was 0.66 (p < 0.01) in the spine and 0.61 (p < 0.01) in the femur specimens. In the MR images, texture measures combined with BMD in a multivariate-regression model significantly increased R2, while improvement was less significant in the CT images. Thus, texture analysis may provide additional information needed to analyze bone strength and quality.
Stimuli-responsive chromism in organophosphorus chemistry (2015)

Changes in color are one of the most obvious and easily followed responses that can be induced by an external stimulus. π-Conjugated organophosphorus compounds are on the rise to challenge established systems by opening up new and simple pathways to diversely modified optoelectronic properties--the main challenge for the development of new chromic materials. Relevant stimuli highlighted in this Frontier article include electronic current (electrochromism), light (photochromism), solvent polarity (solvatochromism), aggregation formation (aggregation induced emission, AIE), mechanical force (mechanochromism), temperature (thermochromism), organic solvent vapor (vapochromism), and pH (halochromism).