gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An interference immunity decoding method for multicarrier trellis-coded SFH/16QAM (1999)

Multicarrier trellis-coded modulation is known to be effective in land mobile delay-sensitive speech communications, since it can achieve frequency diversity by multicarrier and trellis coding without interleaving. Recently, multicarrier trellis-coded 8PSK using frequency hopping (FH) has been proposed to reduce the fading correlation of the received signal and increase the error correction capability of multicarrier trellis-coded systems. In cellular communication systems, frequency reuse is employed to achieve good spectral efficiency, although it depends on the level of the cochannel interference (CCI). Interference immunity decoding methods with interleaving based on randomizing the CCI levels and adjusting the minimum Euclidean distance according to the weighted value by using the estimated CCI level per symbol have been proposed. However, the use of interleaving may cause time delays. In this paper, we propose an interference immunity decoding method for multicarrier trellis-coded slow-FH/16QAM without using interleaving. In our proposed scheme, we estimate the CCI using space symbols inserted in several slots and modify the branch metric according to the weighted value by using the estimated CCI level per symbol. Multiple carriers using frequency hopping are employed to prevent excess time delay by randomizing the interference level without interleaving. The BER performance of the proposed decoding method is investigated by computer simulation. It is shown that the proposed decoding method is effective in suppressing the effects of CCI in fading channels. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 82(11): 8–18, 1999
Multisurface Glass Roller Bottle for Growth of Animal Cells in Culture (1977)

A multisurface glass roller bottle has been constructed for the growth of animal cells in culture. This bottle contains five concentrically placed glass cylinders that provide additional surfaces for the growth of animal cells. The bottle occupies the same space as a standard roller bottle, but it contains nine times the surface area of a standard bottle. L and HeLa cells can be grown in the bottle with cell yields 5- to 10-fold greater than in a standard bottle. L cells can be induced to produce interferon in the multisurface bottle.
Identification of the Arabidopsis Palmitoyl-Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Δ7-Desaturase Gene <i>FAD5</i>, and Effects of Plastidial Retargeting of Arabidopsis Desaturases on the <i>fad5</i> Mutant Phenotype (2004)

Hexadeca 7,10,13-trienoic acid (16:3Delta(7,10,13)) is one of the most abundant fatty acids in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and a functional component of thylakoid membranes, where it is found as an sn-2 ester of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. The Arabidopsis fad5 mutant lacks activity of the plastidial palmitoyl-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Delta7-desaturase FAD5, and is characterized biochemically by the absence of 16:3Delta(7,10,13) and physiologically by reduced chlorophyll content and a reduced recovery rate after photoinhibition. While the fad5 mutation has been mapped, the FAD5 gene was not unambiguously identified, and a formal functional characterization by complementation of fad5 mutant phenotypes has not been reported. Two candidate genes (At3g15850 and At3g15870) predicted to encode plastid-targeted desaturases at the fad5 chromosomal locus were cloned from fad5 plants and sequenced. A nonsense mutation changing codon TGG (Trp-98) into TGA (stop) was identified in At3g15850 (ADS3), whereas the fad5 At3g15870 allele was identical to wild type (after correction of a sequencing error in the published wild-type genomic At3g15870 sequence). Expression of a genomic clone or cDNA for wild-type At3g15850 conferred on fad5 plants the ability to synthesize 16:3Delta(7,10,13) and restored leaf chlorophyll content. Arabidopsis carrying a T-DNA insertion in At3g15870 had wild-type levels of both 16:3Delta(7,10,13) and chlorophyll. Together, these data formally prove that At3g15850 is FAD5. Interestingly, the fad5 phenotype was partially complemented when extraplastidial Delta9-desaturases of the Arabidopsis desaturase (ADS) family were expressed as fusions with a plastidial transit peptide. Tight correlation between leaf 16:3Delta(7,10,13) levels and chlorophyll content suggests a role for plastidial fatty acid desaturases in thylakoid formation.
Reductive Cleavage Reaction of N, N'-, N, O- and N, S-Linked Alkylidene Compounds by Sodium Borohydride (1974)

Sodium borohydride reduction was undertaken with a variety of N, N'-, N, O- and N, S-linked alkylidene compounds in aqueous ethanolic medium at room temperature. It has been realized that reductive cleavage of one of these two alkylidene carbon-heteroatom bonds is generally effected in this reduction, disclosing which alkylidene bond is initially cleaved when the two bonds are different.
The SARS-CoV-2 RNA interactome (2020)

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus whose success as a pathogen relies on its ability to repurpose host RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to form its own RNA interactome. Here, we developed and applied a robust ribonucleoprotein capture protocol to uncover the SARS-CoV-2 RNA interactome. We report 109 host factors that directly bind to SARS-CoV-2 RNAs including general antiviral factors such as ZC3HAV1, TRIM25, and PARP12. Applying RNP capture on another coronavirus HCoV-OC43 revealed evolutionarily conserved interactions between viral RNAs and host proteins. Network and transcriptome analyses delineated antiviral RBPs stimulated by JAK-STAT signaling and proviral RBPs responsible for hijacking multiple steps of the mRNA life cycle. By knockdown experiments, we further found that these viral-RNA-interacting RBPs act against or in favor of SARS-CoV-2. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive list of RBPs regulating coronaviral replication and opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
C<sub>26</sub>‐Kohlenwasserstoffe als Schmieröl‐Modellsubstanzen, II (1966)

Abstract Zusammenhänge zwischen Konstitution und physikalischen Eigenschaften von Alkylderivaten des Benzols ( 1–5 ), Cyclohexans ( 6–8 ) und Tetralins ( 9–13 ) werden untersucht (Tab. 1).
Current-induced spin–orbit torques (2011)

The ability to reverse the magnetization of nanomagnets by current injection has attracted increased attention ever since the spin-transfer torque mechanism was predicted in 1996. In this paper, we review the basic theoretical and experimental arguments supporting a novel current-induced spin torque mechanism taking place in ferromagnetic (FM) materials. This effect, hereafter named spin-orbit (SO) torque, is produced by the flow of an electric current in a crystalline structure lacking inversion symmetry, which transfers orbital angular momentum from the lattice to the spin system owing to the combined action of SO and exchange coupling. SO torques are found to be prominent in both FM metal and semiconducting systems, allowing for great flexibility in adjusting their orientation and magnitude by proper material engineering. Further directions of research in this field are briefly outlined.
Learning from imbalanced data: open challenges and future directions (2016)

Despite more than two decades of continuous development learning from imbalanced data is still a focus of intense research. Starting as a problem of skewed distributions of binary tasks, this topic evolved way beyond this conception. With the expansion of machine learning and data mining, combined with the arrival of big data era, we have gained a deeper insight into the nature of imbalanced learning, while at the same time facing new emerging challenges. Data-level and algorithm-level methods are constantly being improved and hybrid approaches gain increasing popularity. Recent trends focus on analyzing not only the disproportion between classes, but also other difficulties embedded in the nature of data. New real-life problems motivate researchers to focus on computationally efficient, adaptive and real-time methods. This paper aims at discussing open issues and challenges that need to be addressed to further develop the field of imbalanced learning. Seven vital areas of research in this topic are identified, covering the full spectrum of learning from imbalanced data: classification, regression, clustering, data streams, big data analytics and applications, e.g., in social media and computer vision. This paper provides a discussion and suggestions concerning lines of future research for each of them.
An Amino Acid Substitution in the Coding Region of the E2 Glycoprotein Adapts Ross River Virus To Utilize Heparan Sulfate as an Attachment Moiety (2001)

Passage of Ross River virus strain NB5092 in avian cells has been previously shown to select for virus variants that have enhanced replication in these cells. Sequencing of these variants identified two independent sites that might be responsible for the phenotype. We now demonstrate, using a molecular cDNA clone of the wild-type T48 strain, that an amino acid substitution at residue 218 in the E2 glycoprotein can account for the phenotype. Substitutions that replaced the wild-type asparagine with basic residues had enhanced replication in avian cells while acidic or neutral residues had little or no observable effect. Ross River virus mutants that had increased replication in avian cells also grew better in BHK cells than the wild-type virus, whereas the remaining mutants were unaffected in growth. Replication in both BHK and avian cells of Ross River virus mutants N218K and N218R was inhibited by the presence of heparin or by the pretreatment of the cells with heparinase. Binding of the mutants, but not of the wild type, to a heparin-Sepharose column produced binding comparable to that of Sindbis virus, which has previously been shown to bind heparin. Replication of these mutants was also adversely affected when they were grown in a CHO cell line that was deficient in heparan sulfate production. These results demonstrate that amino acid 218 of the E2 glycoprotein can be modified to create an heparan sulfate binding site and this modification expands the host range of Ross River virus in cultured cells to cells of avian origin.
Rexin-G, a targeted genetic medicine for cancer (2010)

Progressive clinical development of Rexin-G demonstrates the potential safety and efficacy of targeted genetic medicine, while validating the design engineering of the molecular biotechnology platform.
Fuel cell systems: efficient, flexible energy conversion for the 21st century (2001)

At the beginning of the 21st century, fuel cells appear poised to meet the power needs of a variety of applications. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy to electricity and thermal energy. Fuel cell systems are available to meet the needs of applications ranging from portable electronics to utility power plants. In addition to the fuel cell stack itself, a fuel cell system includes a fuel processor and subsystems to manage air, water thermal energy, and power. The overall system is efficient at full and part-load, scaleable to a wide range of sizes, environmentally friendly, and potentially competitive with conventional technology in first cost. Promising applications for fuel cells include portable power, transportation, building cogeneration, and distributed power for utilities. For portable power a fuel cell coupled with a fuel container can offer a higher energy storage density and more convenience than conventional battery systems. In transportation applications, fuel cells offer higher efficiency and better part-load performance than conventional engines. In stationary power applications, low emissions permit fuel cells to be located in high power density areas where they can supplement the existing utility grid. Furthermore, fuel cell systems can be directly connected to a building to provide both power and heat with cogeneration efficiencies as high as 80%.
Development of model-based remote maintenance robot system. IV. A practical stiffness control method for redundant robot arm (2002)

For part III, see ibid., pp. 1237-1244. A simple stiffness control method for a seven-degree-of-freedom redundant robot arm is presented. The method is very practical method for application to a real robot system. The robot arm is able to move compliantly by this method without heavy computation. The method uses the transpose of the Jacobian matrix to transform the end-point forces into the joint torques for force feedback, but does not require either inverse of the Jacobian matrix or solution of the kinematic equation. Also, the method uses the "joints potential" but does not require pseudo-inverse of the Jacobian matrix to keep the configuration of an arm even if the arm is redundant. The authors have applied this control method to their dual experimental robot arms. Both arms are anthropomorphic and have seven degrees of freedom except for the one degree of freedom of the gripper and are part of the model-based remote maintenance robot system TAROS (Toshiba Advanced Robot System). The arms were able to carry out compliantly such tasks as turning a crank or fastening a bolt and to grope on the surface of the work object and locate the positions of holes.
Polytetrafluoroethylene as a Graft Material in Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery An Experimental and Clinical Study (1987)

A clinical and experimental study was performed to demonstrate the usefulness of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a graft material in ophthalmic plastic surgery. PTFE is non-antigenic, autoclavable, inert, and incorporated into surrounding tissue through fibrous ingrowth. PTFE implanted into rabbit eyelids for periods ranging from 2 to 21 weeks was examined grossly and microscopically. PTFE left uncovered by a conjunctival flap extruded; PTFE covered by a conjunctival flap was well tolerated without inflammation or extrusion and demonstrated dense fibrous capsular development with fibrous ingrowth along suture tracts and extensive vascular ingrowth. Fibrous tissue showed minimal growth into intrafiber pore spaces. PTFE was implanted into seven anophthalmic patients (one patch graft and six PTFE-wrapped secondary implants), with a postoperative follow-up of from 6 to 13 months. The material was well tolerated without extrusion, granuloma formation, or irritation. PTFE offers advantages over other graft materials and appears to be a useful addition to ophthalmic plastic surgery.
Studies on the Water Flow in Spiral Fishways Using Computer Simulations (1995)

Several types of fish ladders are constructed to enable the fish passage at the rivers. Although the spiral fishway, a type of fish ladder, has many advantages, the water flow characteristics in its pools have not been clarified yet. In this research work, the water flow characteristics in several types of spiral fishways were studied by experiments and three dimensional computer simulations. As the result of the study, it was found that a spiral fishway which had a configuration so called the Ice Harbor type, provided the most desirable flow state with less aerated water flow in its pools. And also the detail design of the Ice Harbor type spiral fishways were investigated.
A novel five-transistor (5T) sram cell for high performance cache (2005)

A novel five-transistor (5T) static memory cell is presented for applications in high-speed, low-power cache. The 5T design in 0.18mum bulk CMOS exhibits 57% faster operation speed, a 12% reduction in power, and a 6% reduction in area with respect to the standard 6T cell design
Jack the Giant Tamer: Poetry Writing in the Treatment of Paranoid Schizophrenia (1993)

The author provides a brief case report on the use of poetry writing in the treatment of a patient with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia.
High-Throughput Flow Cytometry to Detect Selective Inhibitors of ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2 Transporters (2008)

Up-regulation of pump (transporter) expression and selection of resistant cancer cells result in cancer multidrug resistance to diverse substrates of these transporters. While more than 48 members of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily have been identified, up to now only three human ABC transporters-ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2-have unambiguously been shown to contribute to cancer multidrug resistance. The use of low-toxicity and high-specificity agents as a targeted transporter inhibition strategy is necessary to effectively overcome multiple drug resistance. An objective of the present studies was to develop and validate HyperCyt (IntelliCyt, Albuquerque, NM) flow cytometry high-throughput screeening assays to assess the specificity of test compounds that inhibited transporters as an integral part of the screen. Two separate duplex assays were constructed: one in which ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters were evaluated in parallel using fluorescent J-aggregate-forming lipophilic cation 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanine iodide as substrate, and the other in which ABCB1 and ABCC1 transporters were evaluated in parallel using fluorescent calcein acetoxymethyl ester as substrate. ABCB1-expressing cells were color-coded to allow their distinction from cells expressing the alternate transporter. The assays were validated in a screen of the Prestwick Chemical Library (Illkirch, France). Three novel selective inhibitors of the ABCC1 transporter were identified in the screen, and the activity of each was confirmed in follow-up chemosensitivity shift and reversal studies. This high-throughput screening assay provides an efficient approach for identifying selective inhibitors of individual ABC transporters, promising as probes of transporter function and therapeutic tools for treating chemotherapy-resistant cancers.
Development of a valve-based cell printer for the formation of human embryonic stem cell spheroid aggregates (2013)

In recent years, the use of a simple inkjet technology for cell printing has triggered tremendous interest and established the field of biofabrication. A key challenge has been the development of printing processes which are both controllable and less harmful, in order to preserve cell and tissue viability and functions. Here, we report on the development of a valve-based cell printer that has been validated to print highly viable cells in programmable patterns from two different bio-inks with independent control of the volume of each droplet (with a lower limit of 2 nL or fewer than five cells per droplet). Human ESCs were used to make spheroids by overprinting two opposing gradients of bio-ink; one of hESCs in medium and the other of medium alone. The resulting array of uniform sized droplets with a gradient of cell concentrations was inverted to allow cells to aggregate and form spheroids via gravity. The resulting aggregates have controllable and repeatable sizes, and consequently they can be made to order for specific applications. Spheroids with between 5 and 140 dissociated cells resulted in spheroids of 0.25-0.6 mm diameter. This work demonstrates that the valve-based printing process is gentle enough to maintain stem cell viability, accurate enough to produce spheroids of uniform size, and that printed cells maintain their pluripotency. This study includes the first analysis of the response of human embryonic stem cells to the printing process using this valve-based printing setup.
Revision Hip Arthroscopy (2007)

Patients commonly required revision hip arthroscopy because of persistent impingement.
Aberrant expression of HMGA2 in uterine leiomyoma associated with loss of TSC2 tumor suppressor gene function. (2002)

Unregulated proliferation of mesenchymal cells in leiomyomas, lipomas, hamartomas,and other diseases has been linked to the high mobility group (HMGA) family of DNA architectural proteins. HMGA genes are primarily expressed during embryonal development and silenced in adult tissues but can become reactivated in neoplasia as a result of chromosomal rearrangements. Although the genetic data suggesting a role for HMGA proteins in tumorigenesis are compelling, the biological role of these proteins in mesenchymal proliferation and differentiation is incompletely defined. Uterine myometria and spontaneous leiomyomas from the Eker rat, which carries a germ-line mutation in the tuberous sclerosis complex-2 (Tsc2) tumor suppressor gene, were analyzed for genetic defects in and expression of the Tsc2 and HMGA proteins. Eker leiomyomas exhibited a 50% incidence of loss of the wild-type Tsc2 allele and an almost uniform loss of protein expression, implicating loss of function of the Tsc2 gene in these tumors. Concomitantly, HMGA2 protein, which was completely absent in normal myometria, was expressed in 16 of 19 Eker leiomyomas. HMGA1 was expressed in both leiomyoma and normal myometria. No structural alterations were observed at the HMGA2 locus in either primary rat leiomyomas or leiomyoma-derived cell lines that expressed HMGA2. These data support a role for HMGA2 in the development of smooth muscle neoplasms and suggest HMGA2 expression is a point of convergence between the human disease and the Eker rat model. Furthermore, these data indicate that aberrant HMGA2 expression can result from dysfunction of the Tsc2 tumor suppressor gene, in the absence of structural alterations involving the HMGA2 locus.
Outage probability for uplink of cellular OFDM-FDMA system (2005)

OFDM is a potential candidate for next generation air-interfaces. The intrinsic property of OFDM ensures that it can be used in a multiuser application to produce a highly flexible and cost-efficient communication system. In particular, the FDMA technique in combination with OFDM (OFDMA) is assumed in this paper. This allows for a high degree of bit-granularity, which is desirable for packet data services. In the past, the performance of such an air-interface was primarily investigated for a single cell scenario (hot spot). In this investigation the performance of OFDMA in a cellular environment with frequency reuse of one and non-perfect frequency synchronization is investigated. In particular the effects of co-channel interference (CCI) in the uplink is analysed since primarily this link direction is affected by asynchronous transmissions. Two kinds of power control methods have been implemented in this paper in order to combat the CCI and improve the spectrum efficiency. One is constant received power control (CRPC); the other is step removal algorithm C/I balancing power control (SRAPC). The performance measure is outage. The results show that outage probability is significant (up to 55%) for a two-cell case with CRPC. The results for a multiple-cell cluster are also shown in this paper.
Implementation of a single scatter simulation algorithm for 3D PET: application to emission and transmission scanning (2004)

We describe a new implementation of a Single Scatter Simulation (SSS) algorithm for the prediction and correction of scatter in 3D PET. Comparison of SSS predictions to Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data from uniform, line and cold-bar phantoms showed that the code is accurate for uniform as well as asymmetric objects and can model different energy-resolution crystals and low level discriminator (LLD) settings. The method was also extended to the case of transmission scanning and applied to patient studies. Ongoing work aims at incorporating the algorithm in routine clinical image reconstruction, at evaluating its accuracy in absolute quantitation studies, and its robustness in the case of large patients, where the scatter fraction increases.