gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Expression from the RpoS-Dependent P1 Promoter of the Osmotically Regulated <i>proU</i> Operon in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium: Activation by <i>rho</i> and <i>hns</i> Mutations and by Cold Stress (2001)

Unlike the sigma(70)-controlled P2 promoter for the osmotically regulated proU operon of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the sigma(s)-controlled P1 promoter situated further upstream appears not to contribute to expression of the proU structural genes under ordinary growth conditions. For S. enterica proU P1, there is evidence that promoter crypticity is the result of a transcription attenuation phenomenon which is relieved by the deletion of a 22-base C-rich segment in the transcript. In this study, we have sought to identify growth conditions and trans-acting mutations which activate in vivo expression from proU P1. The cryptic S. enterica proU P1 promoter was activated, individually and additively, in a rho mutant (which is defective in the transcription termination factor Rho) as well as by growth at 10 degrees C. The E. coli proU P1 promoter was also cryptic in constructs that carried 1.2 kb of downstream proU sequence, and in these cases activation of in vivo expression was achieved either by a rho mutation during growth at 10 degrees C or by an hns null mutation (affecting the nucleoid protein H-NS) at 30 degrees C. The rho mutation had no effect at either 10 or 30 degrees C on in vivo expression from two other sigma(s)-controlled promoters tested, those for osmY and csiD. In cells lacking the RNA-binding regulator protein Hfq, induction of E. coli proU P1 at 10 degrees C and by hns mutation at 30 degrees C was still observed, although the hfq mutation was associated with a reduction in the absolute levels of P1 expression. Our results suggest that expression from proU P1 is modulated both by nucleoid structure and by Rho-mediated transcription attenuation and that this promoter may be physiologically important for proU operon expression during low-temperature growth.
Application of Standard EPC/GEN2 UHF RFID Tags as Soil Moisture Sensors (2016)

This paper presents a system to estimate soil moisture through the reading of standard Ultra High Frequency (UHF) passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags that can be buried in the soil, allowing wireless moisture measurement without the need of using batteries in the field for long periods. In the proposed system, one or more passive EPC/GEN2 tags acts as sensors buried in the soil. The system dispenses external cables and antennas and may be composed of a single RFID tag buried in a specific soil depth or by several RFID tags buried at different depths. An antenna coupled to a RFID reader can be pointed to the place of installation of these tags, and by measuring the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and other variables, direct estimation of the water content can be done. In addition to its simplified installation procedure, the system allows manual and automatic robotic reading through irrigation systems or other systems for irrigation scheduling.
Dinitrogen Coordination Chemistry:  On the Biomimetic Borderlands (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDinitrogen Coordination Chemistry: On the Biomimetic BorderlandsBruce A. MacKay and Michael D. FryzukView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2, 385–402Publication Date (Web):January 17, 2004Publication History Received30 April 2003Published online17 January 2004Published inissue 1 February 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020610chttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020610cresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8196Altmetric-Citations609LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ligands,Nitrogen,Peptides and proteins,Reaction mechanisms,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Risk factors for acute kidney injury in critically ill patients receiving high intravenous doses of colistin methanesulfonate and/or other nephrotoxic antibiotics: a retrospective cohort study (2013)

In severely ill ICU patients without pre-existing renal disease who receive CMS high-dose for more than seven days, CMS therapy does not appear to be a risk factor for this outcome. Instead, the development of AKI was strongly correlated with the presence of septic shock and with the severity of the patients as reflected by the SAPS II score.
Self-Restricted Dual Receptor Memory T Cells (1998)

Enhanced immune responses during secondary exposure to Ag result from the development of memory cells. In the present report we show that stimulation through one receptor on dual receptor CD4 cells can promote the generation of T cells capable of giving a memory response through the second receptor, even though the cells had not been previously exposed to the Ag recognized by the second receptor. Cloned cells generated from dual receptor memory T cells proliferated and secreted the same lymphokines after stimulation with either Ag. Independent recognition of both Ags by distinct TCRs was shown by production of variants that had lost either Ag specificity along with the corresponding TCR. Recognition of both Ags is MHC restricted, since the cells recognize Ag presented by self, but not non-self, MHC class II molecules. These results raise the possibility that one potential mechanism of maintaining specific memory to a given Ag is through stimulation by an unrelated Ag via the second TCR.
Face Spoofing Attack Detection Using Spatial Frequency and Gradient-Based Descriptor (2019)

Biometric recognition systems have been widely used for information security. Among the most popular biometric traits, there are fingerprint and face due to their high recognition accuracies. However, the security system that uses face recognition as the login method are vulnerable to face-spoofing attacks, from using printed photo or video of the valid user. In this study, we propose a fast and robust method to detect face-spoofing attacks based on the analysis of spatial frequency differences between the real and fake videos. We found that the effect of a spoofing attack stands out more prominently in certain regions of the 2D Fourier spectra and, therefore, it is adequate to use the information about those regions to classify the input video or image as real or fake. We adopt a divide-conquer-aggregate approach, where we first divide the frequency domain image into local blocks, classify each local block independently, and then aggregate all the classification results by the weighted-sum approach. The effectiveness of the methodology is demonstrated using two different publicly available databases, namely: 1) Replay Attack Database and 2) CASIA-Face Anti-Spoofing Database. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides state-of-the-art performance by processing fewer frames of each video.
Bile acids and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 in hepatic lipid metabolism (2015)

The liver is the central organ involved in lipid metabolism. Dyslipidemia and its related disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity and other metabolic diseases, are of increasing public health concern due to their increasing prevalence in the population. Besides their well-characterized functions in cholesterol homoeostasis and nutrient absorption, bile acids are also important metabolic regulators and function as signaling hormones by activating specific nuclear receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, and multiple signaling pathways. Recent studies identified a new signaling pathway by which conjugated bile acids (CBA) activate the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway via sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2). CBA-induced activation of S1PR2 is a key regulator of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) and hepatic gene expression. This review focuses on recent findings related to the role of bile acids/S1PR2-mediated signaling pathways in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism.
Bridge Deck Load Testing Using Sensors and Optical Survey Equipment (2012)

Bridges are under various loads and environmental impacts that cause them to lose their structural integrity. A significant number of bridges in US are either structurally deficient or functionally obsolete, requiring immediate attention. Nondestructive load testing is an effective approach to measure the structural response of a bridge under various loading conditions and to determine its structural integrity. This paper presents a load-test study that evaluated the response of a prefabricated bridge with full-depth precast deck panels in Michigan. This load-test program integrates optical surveying systems, a sensor network embedded in bridge decks, and surface deflection analysis. Its major contribution lies in the exploration of an embedded sensor network that was installed initially for long-term bridge monitoring in bridge load testing. Among a number of lessons learned, it is concluded that embedded sensor network has a great potential of providing an efficient and accurate approach for obtaining real-time equivalent static stresses under varying loading scenarios.
Synthesis of New 2,3‐Disubstituted 4 (3<i>H</i>)‐Quinazolones and Related Products as Potential Antiviral Agents (1982)

Abstract Sixteen new 2,3‐disubstituted 4 (3 H )quinazolone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities against Gomphrena mosaic and Sunnhemp rosette virus. Most compounds show antiviral activity against Gomphrena mosaic virus.
Comparative Analysis of Clustering Techniques for Requirements Clustering (2014)

Collection of requirements from the stakeholders plays a very important role in requirement engineering. As the stake holders vary from small groups to large this task becomes troublesome. Issues arise when the collected requirements are large such that the requirement engineers are not able to focus on the desired requirements. As the stakeholders expertise varies from stakeholder to another, various elicitation methods are needed to be adopted in collecting the requirements. This paper focus in classifying the valid requirements from the set of collected requirements using clustering techniques. In this research two most frequently used algorithms in clustering namely k means and fuzzy c means are used. The output generated is then analyzed for evaluating the performance of the two clustering algorithms. On analysis the fuzzy c means algorithm was found to be more suitable for clustering of library requirements. The results proved to be satisfactory. Since there are large number of requirements collected from stakeholders clustering the requirements reduces the software development and maintenance to large extent.
Rhenium Catalysts. IV.<sup>1</sup> Rhenium(III) Oxide from Perrhenate via Borohydride Reduction<sup>2</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRhenium Catalysts. IV.1 Rhenium(III) Oxide from Perrhenate via Borohydride Reduction2H. Smith Broadbent and John H. JohnsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 12, 4400–4402Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01059a065https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01059a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bacterial Sigma Factors: A Historical, Structural, and Genomic Perspective (2014)

Transcription initiation is the crucial focal point of gene expression in prokaryotes. The key players in this process, sigma factors (σs), associate with the catalytic core RNA polymerase to guide it through the essential steps of initiation: promoter recognition and opening, and synthesis of the first few nucleotides of the transcript. Here we recount the key advances in σ biology, from their discovery 45 years ago to the most recent progress in understanding their structure and function at the atomic level. Recent data provide important structural insights into the mechanisms whereby σs initiate promoter opening. We discuss both the housekeeping σs, which govern transcription of the majority of cellular genes, and the alternative σs, which direct RNA polymerase to specialized operons in response to environmental and physiological cues. The review concludes with a genome-scale view of the extracytoplasmic function σs, the most abundant group of alternative σs.
An architecture for delivering broadband video over the Internet (2005)

The emergence of content delivery networks (CDNs) has helped to improve the efficiency of delivering streaming media. In this paper, we argue with evidence that the edge delivery paradigm behind current CDNs cannot scale up to delivering high-quality broadband video content, such as DVD movies. This is because there is no sufficient and affordable bandwidth or quality of service (QoS) in the subscriber loop. Additionally, it is difficult to scale up edge delivery with increasing numbers of users and to aggregate bandwidth demand in services such as video on demand. We describe a new architecture that extends the current CDN design with a second tier of surrogate servers. These second-tier servers, called leaf servers, are placed inside local area networks and networked homes with broadband Internet connections. High scalability and QoS can be achieved because media content is served to clients by massively distributed leaf servers within the subscriber loop.
Molecular Analysis of the X11–mLin-2/CASK Complex in Brain (1999)

A heterotrimeric complex containing Lin-10/X11alpha, Lin-2/CASK, and Lin-7 is evolutionarily conserved from worms to mammals. In Caenorhabditis elegans, it localizes Let-23, a receptor tyrosine kinase, to the basolateral side of vulval epithelium, a step crucial for proper vulva development. In mammals, the complex may also participate in receptor targeting in neurons. Accordingly, phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) and postsynaptic density-95/Discs large/Zona Occludens-1 domains found in X11alpha and mLin-2/CASK bind to cell-surface proteins, including amyloid precursor protein, neurexins, and syndecans. In this paper, we have further analyzed the X11alpha-mLin-2/CASK association that is mediated by a novel protein-protein interaction. We show that the mLin-2/CASK calmodulin kinase II (CKII) domain directly binds to a 63 amino acids peptide located between the Munc-18-1 binding site and the PTB domain in X11alpha. Ca2+/calmodulin association with mLin-2/CASK does not modify the X11alpha-mLin-2 interaction. A region containing the mLin-2/CASK guanylate kinase domain also interacts with X11alpha but with a lower affinity than the CKII domain. Immunostaining of X11alpha in the brain shows that the protein is expressed in areas shown previously to be positive for mLin-2/CASK staining. Together, our data demonstrate that the X11alpha-mLin-2 complex contacts many partners, creating a macrocomplex suitable for receptor targeting at the neuronal plasma membrane.
Use of test structures for Cu interconnect process development and yield enhancement (2002)

A methodology is described where wafers with specialized test structures are inspected with wafer metrology tools to assist process development for Cu BEOL fabrication. A Cu damascene interconnect process is examined from oxide deposition to final electrical test and the defects are tracked. E-test prioritizes the defects by the electrical impact. The inspection and tracking of defects facilitates defect sourcing, assists root cause analysis, and allows for more effective corrective action to be implemented.
Increased level of hemoglobin 1 enhances survival of hypoxic stress and promotes early growth in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2002)

Overexpression of a class 1 Hb (GLB1) protects Arabidopsis thaliana plants from the effects of severe hypoxia. Overexpression of the bifunctional symbiotic Hb (GLB1S) from Parasponia andersonii in A. thaliana also increases survival after hypoxia. Plants overexpressing the Hb 1 protein, mutated to have a low oxygen affinity, are as susceptible to hypoxia as WT plants, suggesting that the protection against hypoxia depends on the ability of the Hb to bind ligands, such as oxygen, with high affinity. A mild hypoxia pretreatment (5%) induces the Hb gene and increases the survival of plants after severe hypoxic treatment (0.1%). These results with Hb 1 show that plant Hbs have a role other than in nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Plants overexpressing the GLB1 protein show early vigorous growth in nonhypoxic conditions and are 50% larger in weight than the controls at 14 days. The constitutive expression of GLB1 also resulted in a reduced number of root hairs and increased number of laterals in the root system.
Incorporation of cisplatin into the metal–organic frameworks UiO66-NH<sub>2</sub> and UiO66 – encapsulation vs. conjugation (2015)

This work demonstrates synthetic strategies for the incorporation of an anticancer drug, cisplatin, and a Pt(<sc>iv</sc>) cisplatin prodrug into two zirconium-based metal–organic-frameworks (MOFs): UiO66 and UiO66-NH<sub>2</sub>.
The anti-lipid A monoclonal antibody E5 binds to rough gram-negative bacteria, fixes C3, and facilitates binding of bacterial immune complexes to both erythrocytes and monocytes. (1995)

Treatment of patients with septic shock using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to endotoxin is still controversial. Clinical trials of E5, one of the mAbs directed against the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are currently in progress. The mechanisms of action of this, and other antibodies under clinical evaluation, are, however, poorly understood. In this study we examined in vitro the ways in which E5 interacted with Gram-negative bacteria, complement, erythrocytes and monocytes. By fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis we showed direct, dose-dependent binding of E5 to Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella minnesota (S. minnesota). Antibody binding to S. minnesota was enhanced by treatment with the beta-lactam antibiotic amoxycillin, but not by treatment with the aminoglycoside gentamicin. Immune complexes formed between E5 and both species of Gram-negative bacteria activated both classical and alternative complement pathways, but only in the case of S. minnesota did this facilitate binding to erythrocyte CR1 and monocyte CR3. Bacterial C3b and iC3b fixation by E5 was quantified using specific mAbs. These observations suggest that E5 may enhance bacterial clearance in several ways: (1) by facilitating direct complement fixation; (2) by facilitating the binding of opsonized bacteria to cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system; (3) by enabling bacteria to bind to erythrocyte CR1 (CD35), allowing safe carriage in the circulation to the fixed macrophages of the liver and spleen; (4) by acting synergistically with beta-lactam antibiotics.
The biologic concept for the use of enamel matrix protein: true periodontal regeneration. (1998)

Guided tissue regeneration procedures have been used successfully to reestablish periodontal attachment. However, this new attachment reportedly differs from the original attachment in strength and continuity. Enamel matrix proteins secreted by Hertwig's epithelial sheath play an important role in cementogenesis on roots and in the development of the periodontal attachment apparatus. Enamel matrix protein harvested from developing porcine teeth, or enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain), is reported to induce true periodontal regeneration (the attachment of new, acellular cementum to the underlying dentin surface). The results of experimental and clinical trials of Emdogain are reviewed, and the procedure for application of the material is described.
Overview of NASA Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP) Research for Large Subsonic Transports (2017)

NASA is investing in Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP) research as part of the portfolio to improve the fuel efficiency, emissions, and noise levels in commercial transport aircraft. Turboelectric, partially turboelectric, and hybrid electric propulsion systems are the primary EAP configurations being evaluated for regional jet and larger aircraft. The goal is to show that one or more viable EAP concepts exist for narrow body aircraft and mature tall-pole technologies related to those concepts. A summary of the aircraft system studies, technology development, and facility development is provided. The leading concept for mid-term (2035) introduction of EAP for a single aisle aircraft is a tube and wing, partially turbo electric configuration (STARC-ABL), however other viable configurations exist. Investments are being made to raise the TRL level of light weight, high efficiency motors, generators, and electrical power distribution systems as well as to define the optimal turbine and boundary layer ingestion systems for a mid-term tube and wing configuration. An electric aircraft power system test facility (NEAT) is under construction at NASA Glenn and an electric aircraft control system test facility (HEIST) is under construction at NASA Armstrong. The correct building blocks are in place to have a viable, large plane EAP configuration tested by 2025 leading to entry into service in 2035 if the community chooses to pursue that goal.
A Novel One Pot Photochemical Synthesis of Substituted 2-oxo-1,2,2a,11-Tetrahydro-Benzo [3,4-a] Imidazolo [3,4-a] Quinolines (1985)

Abstract On irradiation with sunlight N-α-cyanoamines (I) undergo a novel cyclisation with the induction of one methylene group from the solvent (methanol) to give new benzoimidazoloquinolines (II) in good yield.