gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boundary extraction method for three dimensional ultrasonic echo imaging using fuzzy reasoning and relaxation techniques (2005)

Extraction of organ boundaries from ultrasonic echo images is essential to generate a high quality three dimensional (3D) image in 3D display techniques. Automatic detection of the boundaries is difficult due to poor intensity contrast, echo drop-outs and speckle noisy nature of the images. Here, the authors present a new approach that employs fuzzy reasoning and relaxation techniques to automatically extract the boundaries from ultrasonic echo images. In the proposed method, each voxel is classified as having one of the three attributes, Liquid (e.g., amniotic fluid, blood, etc.), Boundary and Soft Tissue. Two feature parameters are used as the input to a fuzzier unit. The defuzzification process differs from other conventional fuzzy logic controllers, in which it employs relaxation techniques. The experimental results of the authors' approach for the clinical data indicate that organ boundaries are pertinently extracted. The proposed approach may be expected as an effective boundary extraction method for the future for generating a high quality 3D image of each part of an organism from the volume data of ultrasonic echo images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Capillary Assembly of Colloids: Interactions on Planar and Curved Interfaces (2017)

In directed assembly, small building blocks are assembled into an organized structure under the influence of guiding fields. Capillary interactions provide a versatile route for structure formation. Colloids adsorbed on fluid interfaces distort the interface, which creates an associated energy field. When neighboring distortions overlap, colloids interact to minimize interfacial area. Contact line pinning, particle shape, and surface chemistry play important roles in structure formation. Interface curvature acts like an external field; particles migrate and assemble in patterns dictated by curvature gradients. We review basic analysis and recent findings in this rapidly evolving literature. Understanding the roles of assembly is essential for tuning the mechanical, physical, and optical properties of the structure.
Joint Learning for Pulmonary Nodule Segmentation, Attributes and Malignancy Prediction (2018)

Refer to the literature of lung nodule classification, many studies adopt Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to directly predict the malignancy of lung nodules with original thoracic Computed Tomography (CT) and nodule location. However, these studies cannot tell how the CNN works in terms of predicting the malignancy of the given nodule, e.g., it's hard to conclude that whether the region within the nodule or the contextual information matters according to the output of the CNN. In this paper, we propose an interpretable and multi-task learning CNN -- Joint learning for \textbf{P}ulmonary \textbf{N}odule \textbf{S}egmentation \textbf{A}ttributes and \textbf{M}alignancy \textbf{P}rediction (PN-SAMP). It is able to not only accurately predict the malignancy of lung nodules, but also provide semantic high-level attributes as well as the areas of detected nodules. Moreover, the combination of nodule segmentation, attributes and malignancy prediction is helpful to improve the performance of each single task. In addition, inspired by the fact that radiologists often change window widths and window centers to help to make decision on uncertain nodules, PN-SAMP mixes multiple WW/WC together to gain information for the raw CT input images. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the evaluation is implemented on the public LIDC-IDRI dataset, which is one of the largest dataset for lung nodule malignancy prediction. Experiments indicate that the proposed PN-SAMP achieves significant improvement with respect to lung nodule classification, and promising performance on lung nodule segmentation and attribute learning, compared with the-state-of-the-art methods.
Mice lacking tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Acp 5) have disrupted endochondral ossification and mild osteopetrosis (1996)

Mature osteoclasts specifically express the purple, band 5 isozyme (Acp 5) of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, a binuclear metalloenzyme that can generate reactive oxygen species. The function of Acp 5 was investigated by targeted disruption of the gene in mice. Animals homozygous for the null Acp 5 allele had progressive foreshortening and deformity of the long bones and axial skeleton but apparently normal tooth eruption and skull plate development, indicating a rôle for Acp 5 in endochondral ossification. Histomorphometry and mineralization density analysis of backscattered electron imaging revealed widened and disorganized epiphyseal growth plates with delayed mineralization of cartilage in 6- to 8-week-old mutant mice. The membrane bones of the skull showed increased density at all ages examined, indicating defective osteoclastic bone turnover. Increased mineralization density was observed in the long bones of older animals which showed modelling deformities at their extremities: heterozygotes and homozygous Acp 5 mutant mice had tissue that was more mineralized and occupied a greater proportion of the bone in all regions. Thus the findings reflect a mild osteopetrosis due to an intrinsic defect of osteoclastic modelling activity that was confirmed in the resorption pit assay in vitro. We conclude that this bifunctional metalloprotein of the osteoclast is required for normal mineralization of cartilage in developing bones; it also maintains integrity and turnover of the adult skeleton by a critical contribution to bone matrix resorption.
Electrospun chitosan-graft-poly (&epsilon;-caprolactone)/poly (&epsilon;-caprolactone) nanofibrous scaffolds for retinal tissue engineering (2011)

A promising therapy for retinal diseases is to employ biodegradable scaffolds to deliver retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) for repairing damaged or diseased retinal tissue. In the present study, cationic chitosan-graft-poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/polycaprolactone (CS-PCL/PCL) hybrid scaffolds were successfully prepared by electrospinning. Characterization of the obtained nanofibrous scaffolds indicated that zeta-potential, fiber diameter, and the content of amino groups on their surface were closely correlated with the amount of CS-PCL in CS-PCL/PCL scaffolds. To assess the cell-scaffold interaction, mice RPCs (mRPCs) were cultured on the electrospun scaffolds for 7 days. In-vitro proliferation assays revealed that mRPCs proliferated faster on the CS-PCL/PCL (20/80) scaffolds than the other electrospun scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy and the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that mRPCs grown on CS-PCL/PCL (20/80) scaffolds were more likely to differentiate towards retinal neurons than those on PCL scaffolds. Taken together, these results suggest that CS-PCL/PCL(20/80) scaffolds have potential application in retinal tissue engineering.
An fpga implementation of real-time retinex video image enhancement (2010)

In this paper, we present an FPGA implementation of real-time Retinex video image enhancement. Our implementation is based on the previously proposed architecture, which can handle the variational approach of the Retinex theory. In order to efficiently reduce the enormous computational cost required for image enhancement, processing layers and repeat counts of iterations are determined in accordance with software evaluation result. As for processing architecture, our pipelining architecture can handle high resolution pictures in real-time. Our FPGA implementation supports WUXGA (1,920×1,200) 60 fps as well as 1080p60.
<title>Preliminary performance analysis of breast MRI CAD system</title> (2001)

Alan Penn & Associates, Inc. is developing a computer-aided-diagnosis (CAD) system to assist radiologists in distinguishing benign from malignant breast lesions in gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images. The CAD system uses reader interpretations and computer analysis to generate numeric and visualization aids to help the radiologist make more informed decisions. This paper presents results of analyses that evaluate the statistical and diagnostic effectiveness of the breast-MR CAD system: 1)Evaluation of a first-generation CAD system by five radiologists at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center (UPMC). 2)Validation of the computer-generated fractal measure using a second set of images. This paper also presents a description of a second-generation system that includes kinetic interpretations.
Acquired Aplastic Anemia (2002)

In aplastic anemia, hematopoiesis fails: Blood cell counts are extremely low, and the bone marrow appears empty. The pathophysiology of aplastic anemia is now believed to be immune-mediated, with active destruction of blood-forming cells by lymphocytes. The aberrant immune response may be triggered by environmental exposures, such as to chemicals and drugs or viral infections and, perhaps, endogenous antigens generated by genetically altered bone marrow cells. In patients with post-hepatitis aplastic anemia, antibodies to the known hepatitis viruses are absent; the unknown infectious agent may be more common in developing countries, where aplastic anemia occurs more frequently than it does in the West. The syndrome paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is intimately related to aplastic anemia because many patients with bone marrow failure have an increased population of abnormal cells. In PNH, an entire class of proteins is not displayed on the cell surface because of an acquired X-chromosome gene mutation. The PNH cells may have a selective advantage in resisting immune attack. In contrast, the disease myelodysplasia can be confused with aplasia and can also evolve from aplastic anemia. The occurrence of cytogenetic abnormalities in patients years after presentation implies that genomic instability is a feature of this immune-mediated disease. Aplastic anemia can be effectively treated by stem-cell transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy. Transplantation is curative but is best used for younger patients who have histocompatible sibling donors. Antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine restore hematopoiesis in approximately two thirds of patients. However, recovery of blood cell count is often incomplete, recurrent pancytopenia requires retreatment, and some patients develop late complications (especially myelodysplasia).
Smartphone adapters for digital photomicrography (2014)

Smartphone adapters are inexpensive and easy to use for acquiring digital microscopic images. However, they require some adjustment by the user in order to optimize focus and obtain good quality images. Smartphone microscope adapters provide an economically feasible method of acquiring and sharing digital pathology photomicrographs.
Syntheses and pharmacological activity of substituted imidazolidinethiones and thioimidazolines (1977)

A series of imidazolidinethiones and thioimidazolines was synthesized and tested for their effects on both forced and spontaneous motor activity as well as for their ability to raise the convulsion threshold. The proton NMR spectra for the thioimidazolines synthesized were unusual in that they showed a sharp singlet for the ring ethylene unit rather than the expected A2B2 pattern. The thioimidazolines, 5 and 7, were the most active CNS depressants and had the highest safety index. Significantly, the isomeric imidazolidinethiones, 8 and 9, were comparatively much less effective while being considerably more toxic.
Magnetic entropy change and its temperature variation in compounds La(Fe1−xCox)11.2Si1.8 (2002)

Magnetic entropy change ΔS of compounds La(Fe1−xCox)11.2Si1.8 with the cubic NaZn13-type structure was investigated around their Curie temperature TC. It is found that the phase transition is completely reversible, indicating a nature of second order phase transition. The maximum value of |ΔS|∼13.0 J/kg K under a field of 5 T was achieved in compound LaFe11.2Si1.8 at its TC of ∼222 K, which exceeds that of most materials involving a second order transition at the corresponding temperature. With increasing substitution of Co for Fe from x=0 to x=0.8, TC shifts from 222 to 307 K and entropy change decreases. However, |ΔS| still has a considerable magnitude near room temperature. The large magnetic entropy change is believed to be due to the abrupt change of magnetization at TC, which is associated with the strong structural and magnetic interplay in the compounds.
Electrokinetic Focusing and Dispensing of Particles and Cells on Microfluidic Chips (2005)

This work investigated the electrokinetic focusing and dispensing of polystyrene particles and red blood cells on microfluidic chips. Particles or cells were first electrokinetically focused using the merging of focusing streams on the sample stream, and subsequently separated as a result of the focusing. These particles or cells were then selectively dispensed from the focused sample stream using precise application of electrical pulses. The whole process of focusing, separation and dispensing of particles was visualized by a custom-made microscopy system. In particular, the width of the focused fluorescein stream and the accelerated electrophoretic motion of particles and cells were measured in a cross-channel and compared with a proposed analytical model. The electrokinetic manipulation of particles and cells demonstrated in this work can be used for developing integrated lab-on-a-chip devices for studies of cells.
Glycosylated aggregation induced emission dye based fluorescent organic nanoparticles: preparation and bioimaging applications (2014)

Glycosylated fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) based on aggregation induced emission (AIE) dyes were fabricated for the first time through one-pot ring-opening reaction. These glycosylated AIE dye based FONs showed uniform morphology, high water dispersibility, strong red fluorescence and excellent biocompatibility, making them promising candidates for various biomedical applications.
Face Recognition and Privacy in the Age of Augmented Reality (2014)

We investigate the feasibility of combining publicly available Web 2.0 data with off-the-shelf face recognition software for the purpose of large-scale, automated individual re-identification. Two experiments illustrate the ability of identifying strangers online (on a dating site where individuals protect their identities by using pseudonyms) and offline (in a public space), based on photos made publicly available on a social network site. A third proof-of-concept experiment illustrates the ability of inferring strangers' personal or sensitive information (their interests and Social Security numbers) from their faces, by combining face recognition, data mining algorithms, and statistical re-identification techniques. The results highlight the implications of the convergence of face recognition technology and increasing online self-disclosure, and the emergence of "personally predictable'' information, or PPI. They raise questions about the future of privacy in an "augmented'' reality world in which online and offline data will seamlessly blend.
Flowering and Fertility of Forced Green Peppers at Lower Temperatures (1989)

If the small fruit varieties (SFV) of green pepper are cultivated in the greenhouse at night temperature 18°C, which is the optimum night temperature for the large fruit variety (LFV) at forced cultivation through winter, the SFV tend to bear unmarketable seedless and dwarf fruits. The SFV are cultivated at night temperature 23°C in commercial production.One of the differences in flowering behavior between the SFV and the LFV at night temperature 18°C was related to the delay in anther dehiscence of the SFV on the day of flowering. If cultivated at 18°C, the LFV started to dehisce in the morning corresponding to the flowering. However, the SFV delayed dehiscence up until late in the afternoon and many flowers did not complete dehiscence by 4 p.m.. Furthermore, pollen shedding of the SFV was less in amount as compared to the LFV. Accordingly, the aging of pollen and pistils was considered as a possible cause of a low degree of fertilization.According to the experiment conducted in a winter season on the aging of pollen and pistils, interference in fertilization for the above reason was denied, because pistils and pollen maintained their viability for two days and three days after flowering. However, the germination rate of pollen for 24 hours, on nutrient medium placed in the greenhouse, was low at average 11.8% on the day of flowering and the sterile rate of pollen reached 50% at 0 p.m. on the day of flowering. Thus in case of natural pollination, not only the smaller amount of pollen delivered to the stigma but also the poorer viability of pollen seemed to cause the higher rate of unsuccessful fertilization.For commercial cultivation of the SFV peppers at lower temperature, it is necessary to increase the amount of pollen used on the flowering day, in order to improve fertility of the SFV. Since fertility of the SFV was improved by artificial pollination from the pollen of the SFV or LFV, the entomophilous method such as pollination by honey bees might be applied in a greenhouse, and interplanting of the LFV might further improve productivity of the SFV.
Comparative Effect of Selenate and Selenite on Serum Selenium Concentration and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Selenium-Depleted Rats (1988)

The biological effect of selenate and selenite was compared in selenium-depleted rats by using both serum selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity as an indicator of body selenium status. A single oral dose of selenium (125 micrograms/kg body weight) as sodium selenate or sodium selenite increased serum selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity significantly (p less than 0.001). The effect of selenate and selenite on serum selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity was similar. Serum selenium concentration correlated positively with serum glutathione peroxidase activity both before (r = 0.815; p less than 0.001) and after (r = 0.800; p less than 0.001) treatment. These results indicate that the biological availability of selenate and selenite is similar.
Topical Oral Wound Healing Potential of Anthocyanin complex: Animal and Clinical Studies (2018)

At 10% w/w, AC promoted wound closure and possessed a potential in healing stimulation of acute oral wounds.
Gangliosides in the treatment of mental deterioration (1977)

Thirty patients showing signs of mental deterioration were submitted to a neuropsychological battery before and after treatment with gangliosides. Their performances were compared, in a double-blind study, with those obtained on the same tests by 30 patients affected by similar degrees of dementia and treated with placebo. The improvement shown on Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and on Immediate Visual Memory by the active group was significantly higher than that shown by the placebo group. Furthermore, an evaluation of the overall effect of gangliosides therapy showed a highly significant difference between the active and placebo group, still in favour of the subjects treated with gangliosides. It is concluded that gangliosides may exert a positive effect in the treatment of demential syndromes.
Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis in the Electron Microscope (2003)

This book provides an in-depth description of x-ray microanalysis in the electron microscope. It is sufficiently detailed to ensure that novices will understand the nuances of high-quality EDX analysis. Includes information about hardware design as well as the physics of x-ray generation, absorption and detection, and most post-detection data processing. Details on electron optics and electron probe formation allow the novice to make sensible adjustments to the electron microscope in order to set up a system which optimises analysis. It also helps the reader determine which microanalytical method is more suitable for their planned application.
A Novel Antibody Humanization Method Based on Epitopes Scanning and Molecular Dynamics Simulation (2013)

1-17-2 is a rat anti-human DEC-205 monoclonal antibody that induces internalization and delivers antigen to dendritic cells (DCs). The potentially clinical application of this antibody is limited by its murine origin. Traditional humanization method such as complementarity determining regions (CDRs) graft often leads to a decreased or even lost affinity. Here we have developed a novel antibody humanization method based on computer modeling and bioinformatics analysis. First, we used homology modeling technology to build the precise model of Fab. A novel epitope scanning algorithm was designed to identify antigenic residues in the framework regions (FRs) that need to be mutated to human counterpart in the humanization process. Then virtual mutation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to assess the conformational impact imposed by all the mutations. By comparing the root-mean-square deviations (RMSDs) of CDRs, we found five key residues whose mutations would destroy the original conformation of CDRs. These residues need to be back-mutated to rescue the antibody binding affinity. Finally we constructed the antibodies in vitro and compared their binding affinity by flow cytometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. The binding affinity of the refined humanized antibody was similar to that of the original rat antibody. Our results have established a novel method based on epitopes scanning and MD simulation for antibody humanization.
Epstein‐Barr virus strain variation and cancer (2019)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human tumor virus and is etiologically linked to various malignancies. Certain EBV-associated diseases, such as Burkitt lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinomas, are endemic and exhibit biased geographic distribution worldwide. Recent advances in deep sequencing technology enabled high-throughput sequencing of the EBV genome from clinical samples. Rapid cloning and sequencing of cancer-derived EBV genomes, followed by reconstitution of infectious virus, have also become possible. These developments have revealed that various EBV strains are differentially distributed throughout the world, and that the behavior of cancer-derived EBV strains is different from that of the prototype EBV strain of non-cancerous origin. In this review, we summarize recent progress and future perspectives regarding the association between EBV strain variation and cancer.
A UHF Wind Profiler for the Boundary Layer: Brief Description and Initial Results (1988)

In this paper we describe a boundary layer radar recently developed at NOAA's Aeronomy Laboratory. This radar extends wind profiler technology by using a small, relatively inexpensive radar to provide continuous, high-resolution wind measurements in the first few kilometers of the atmosphere. Although the radar was developed for use in a “hybrid” mode with existing 50 MHz profilers in the tropical Pacific, the system can equally well be a stand-alone device to study boundary layer problems.
Role of Q-factor and of time jitter in the performance evaluation of optically amplified transmission systems (2000)

The role of Q-factor and of time jitter in the evaluation of the system performance has been investigated for return-to-zero (RZ) optically amplified links. We show that, also if the decision variable is not Gaussian, it is possible to predict, by means of a limited number of simulations, the conditions in which the bit-error rate (BER) is lower than a fixed value (10/sup -9/), if both the Q-factor and the time jitter are evaluated including patterning effects. This analysis has been confirmed by the comparison among simulations and some experimental results, obtained in the framework of ESTHER and UPGRADE ACTS European projects, in very different propagation conditions.