gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent threat assessment processor (ITAP) using genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic (2000)

The explosive growth in the area of information technology provides a tremendous opportunity for enhancing military warfighting capabilities. The management and processing of military intelligence information, the requisite assessment of enemy capabilities, intent, and objectives, and the generation of appropriate response recommendations form a critical element of battlespace operations. We develop an Intelligent Threat Assessment Processor (ITAP) for enhancing tactical threat assessment. Our novel system integrates a genetic algorithm approach to predicting enemy courses of action (eCOAs), a fuzzy logic based analysis of predicted eCOAs to infer enemy intent and objectives, and in conjunction with our on-going development of an Intelligent Fusion and Asset Management Processor (IFAMP), provides the necessary functionality to support multi-level data fusion. We see considerable potential for this approach in enhancing existing tactical decision aiding systems and addressing future information dominated battlespace requirements.
Persistent infection of L cells with an ovine abortion strain of Chlamydia psittaci (1985)

L cells inoculated at multiplicities of infection greater than or equal to 1 inclusion-forming unit of the abortigenic chlamydial strain B577 were destroyed within 10 to 15 days. Upon continued incubation in fresh medium, a few surviving cells repopulated the flasks, and the reemerging cultures remained persistently infected. The persistent state was characterized by cycles of repopulation with a low ratio of infected cells and cycles of extensive cytopathic changes in which greater than 90% of the cells had chlamydial inclusions and which could be delayed or even terminated by penicillin treatment. Immunofluorescence and superinfection during the period of repopulation revealed that the persistently infected cells could adsorb chlamydiae but their multiplication was arrested. This nonpermissive state could be terminated by the specific action of cycloheximide. L cells spontaneously cured from a persistent infection exhibited no change in susceptibility to chlamydiae when compared with normal L cells. However, chlamydiae derived from L cells after 7.5 months of persistence destroyed L-cell monolayers more rapidly and at lower multiplicities of infection than the wild type. This state of chlamydia-host cell interaction could not be established with the arthropathogenic strain LW613 because chlamydial infectivity was lost after the first cytolytic burst of infection in the cell cultures. The persistence described for the strain B577-L-cell system appears to differ from previously described models involving other chlamydial strains.
Mechanisms of neuropathic pain and their implications for the design of clinical trials (2005)

A mechanism-based approach to treatment is alluring, but numerous practical problems impede its implementation. Although many new therapies have entered clinical trials, and randomized controlled trials have become larger and more sophisticated, pre-trial testing of underlying pain mechanisms is almost never performed for reasons of cost, risk to subjects, time required, and validation of the techniques used. Most registration clinical trials are performed in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia and painful diabetic neuropathy, but without more information on pain mechanisms, it remains uncertain how fully results in those two disorders can be generalized to patients with other types of chronic neuropathic pain. Examples of study designs and potential solutions are presented.
Data distribution management migration from DoD 1.3 to IEEE 1516 (2001)

Abstract: In September 2000, the IEEE approved the three High Level Architecture (HLA) documents as standards, 1516, 1516.1, and 1516.2. The form, functionality, and content of these documents are significantly the same as their DoD sources, the HLA 1.3 standards. Unlike the other service areas, Data Distribution Management (DDM) experienced noticeable changes in response to input from the community and a focused re-engineering effort. These changes included the removal or routing spaces and the introduction of default ranges. While these changes did not affect the fundamental functionality of DDM, they simplified implementation of some approaches for users. With little effort, users can design DDM approaches which will migrate smoothly from DoD 1.3 to IEEE 1516.
Synthesis of sulfonated aromatic poly(ether amide)s and their application to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (2008)

Abstract A series of wholly aromatic sulfonated poly(ether amide)s (SPEAs) containing a sulfonic acid group on the dicarbonyl aromatic ring were prepared via a polycondensation reaction of sulfonated terephthalic acid (STA), terephthalic acid (TA), and aromatic diamine monomers. The degree of sulfonation was readily controlled by adjusting the monomer feed ratio of STA and TA in the polymerization process, and randomly sulfonated polymers with an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.0–1.8 mequiv/g were prepared using this protocol. The chemical structures of randomly sulfonated polymers were characterized using NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopies. Gel permeation chromatography analysis of SPEAs indicated the formation of high‐molecular‐weight sulfonated polymer. Tough and flexible SPEA membranes were obtained from solution of N,N ‐dimethylacetamide, and thermogravimetric analysis of these membranes showed a high degree of thermal stability. Compared with previously reported sulfonated aromatic polyamides, these new SPEAs showed a significantly lower water uptake of 10–30%. In proton conductivity measurements, ODA‐SPEA‐70 (IEC = 1.80 mequiv/g), which was obtained from polycondensation of 4,4′‐oxydianiline and 70 mol % STA, showed a comparable proton conductivity (105 mS/cm) to that of Nafion 117 at 80 °C. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 485–496, 2009
Energy Predictive Models with Limited Data using Transfer Learning (2019)

In this paper, we consider the problem of developing predictive models with limited data for energy assets such as electricity loads, PV power generations, etc. We specifically investigate the cases where the amount of historical data is not sufficient to effectively train the prediction model. We first develop an energy predictive model based on convolutional neural network (CNN) which is well suited to capture the interaday, daily, and weekly cyclostationary patterns, trends and seasonalities in energy assets time series. A transfer learning strategy is then proposed to address the challenge of limited training data. We demonstrate our approach on a usecase of daily electricity demand forecasting. we show practicing the transfer learning strategy on the CNN model results in significant improvement to existing forecasting methods.
Principle and applications of multi-point matched-die forming for sheet metal (2008)

To reduce the cost and cycle time in fabrication of the conventional stamping die, a new forming technology, so-called multi-point matched-die forming (MPMDF), has been developed based on the discretization of the die. In MPMDF, the fixed shape matched-dies of conventional stamping are replaced by a pair of opposed matrices of movable punch elements. Using multi-point matched-dies generated by punch matrices, a variety of three-dimensional sheet parts of different shapes can be produced. Taking advantage of the flexibility of the multi-point die, new sheet forming techniques have been developed, which realize the formation of parts of large size and with large deformation. In this paper, the principle of MPMDF and the new forming techniques are described, new MPMDF equipment is introduced, and typical application examples are presented.
RadSS: A radiolarian classifier using support vector machines (2016)

Radiolarian assemblages have played a significant role as a biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental tool used in the geological settings. These species can be used in studying sediments lacking calcareous fossils. Easy identification of these species would allow micropaleontologists to proceed further into studying the structure and way of living of these Radiolarians. RaDSS is a decision support system that could help researchers in classifying microphotographs of Radiolarian species through image processing and machine learning algorithms such as SVM.
Induction of heme oxygenase-1 by cobalt protoporphyrin enhances the antitumour effect of bortezomib in adult T-cell leukaemia cells (2007)

Adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) is a lethal neoplasia derived from HTLV-1-infected T lymphocytes frequently exhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. Despite the use of various treatment regimens, the prognosis of ATL is poor, and new treatment strategies are urgently needed. We therefore explored the effect and the molecular mechanism of a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, in ATL cells. We found bortezomib-induced cell death, and bortezomib suppressed constitutive NF-kappaB activation via I-kappaB stabilisation in three ATL cell lines (TaY, MT-2 and MT-4). An oligonucleotide DNA microarray analysis of TaY cells revealed upregulation of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPA1A, STIP1, HSPA1B, and HSPCA), genes related to protein folding (CDC37 and ANAPC5), Fas-associated factor 1(FAF1) and an oxidative stress-related gene, heme oxygenase-1(HMOX-1), known to be a target gene of hypoxia-inducible gene-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha). Cobalt protoporphyrin induced HMOX-1, instead of HIF-1 alpha expression and increased bortezomib-induced apoptosis in the presence of pharmacologically effective doses of bortezomib. In contrast, zinc protoporphyrin downregulated HMOX-1 expression, thereby partially inhibiting bortezomib-induced cell death. This indicates that HMOX-1 may modulate anticancer effects of bortezomib in ATL cells, and could be a molecular target in treating ATL patients.
Is Osmium Diboride An Ultra-Hard Material? (2008)

We report first-principles calculations of ideal tensile and shear strength for the recently synthesized orthorhombic OsB2 that is a primary example of a new class of ultra-hard materials synthesized by combining small, light, and covalent elements with large, electron-rich transition metals. Our calculations show that the shear strength on the (001) plane is highly anisotropic with a low peak stress of 9.1 GPa in the (001)[010] shear direction but a much higher peak stress of 26.9 GPa in the (001)[100] direction. The strong resistance against (001)[100] shear deformation prevents the indenter from making a deep imprint, giving rise to a high Vickers hardness on the (001) plane, despite the weak shear strength in the (001)[010] shear direction. The calculated peak stress of 26.9 GPa in the (001)[100] shear direction agrees well with the 30 GPa Vickers hardness observed experimentally on the (001) plane in OsB2. However, the weak shear strength (9.1 GPa) in the (001)[010] shear direction severely limits its application as abrasives and cutting tools for ferrous metals as well as scratch-resistance coatings. Our results highlight the importance of understanding atomistic deformation modes under various loading conditions in designing new ultra-hard materials.
Development of a green process for poly-α-olefin based lubricants (2002)

Poly-α-olefin (PAO) based lubricants have a large share of the synlubes market and these are produced in two stages—oligomerisation of α-olefins and hydrogenation. The current industrial processes use AlCl3 and BF3 as catalysts for oligomerisation, which are polluting, hazardous and give a very wide molecular weight distribution. This study reports a green synthesis of a PAO synlube by using 1-decene as the starting material with a variety of solid acidic catalysts, mainly based on clays. The activities for oligomerisation were found to be in the following order: K10 montmorillonite clay > 20% w/w ZnCl2/K10 > 5% w/w (dodecatungstophosphoric acid, DTP)/K10 > 20% DTP/K10 > 10% AlCl3 + 10% FeCl3/K10 > S–ZrO2 > Al-pillared clay > DTP > 20% DTP/carbon. K10 clay gave a conversion of 1-decene of 73% but the selectivities towards the dimer and trimer were 88 and 12%, respectively. 20% ZnCl2/K10 led to a conversion of 68% with 100% dimer formation. The kinetics of reaction were established by using both K-10 and 20% ZnCl2/K10. Oligomerisation is controlled by intrinsic kinetics. The catalysts are reusable. Other olefins such as 1-octene and 1-dodecene were also oligomerized in the presence of 20% ZnCl2/K10. 1-Decene dimer was isolated and then in the next step hydrogenated by employing 20% w/w Ni/SiO2, 20% w/w Ni–Cu (50:50)/SiO2 and a clay anchored bipyridine–montmorillonite–PdCl2 complex as catalysts. Amongst these 20% w/w Ni/SiO2 was found to be the most active catalyst at 50 atm and 150 °C, whereas the anchored catalyst BM–Pd(II) was active at atmospheric pressure and 30 °C. Effects of various parameters were studied to arrive at a kinetic model with both the catalysts. The reactions are intrinsically kinetically controlled showing zero order in dimer concentration and first order in hydrogen partial pressure. 1-Decene based PAO with a viscosity of about 2 cSt has great many applications The hydrogenated product had a viscosity of 2.22 cSt which was found to be comparable with commercially available sample. High-speed spindle oil used in textile industry was also prepared and its performance tested.
Alignment in total knee arthroplasty. Correlated biomechanical and clinical observations. (1983)

The initial experience with the Freeman-Swanson (ICLH) total knee arthroplasty (1971-1975) led to changes of tibial component size, alignment, instruments, and surgical technique in 1975. Certain patients in this initial series, however, have shown excellent long-term (5 1/2-9 years) results. In patients with overall alignment between 1 degrees and 13 degrees valgus, the success rate was 89%. In patients with knees aligned between neutral and 8 degrees varus, the success rate was only 14%. This startling difference in long-term results was investigated by using eccentric loading tests to simulate varus and valgus malalignment. Knee arthroplasties failed in eccentric loading at very low loads. Failure by lift-off of the unloaded side occurred at 9%-18% and failure of bone due to compression on the loaded side occurred at 34%-51% of the load at failure under ideal uniform loading conditions. Thus, both the long-term clinical study and the laboratory analysis demonstrate the importance of proper overall alignment in total knee arthroplasty.
Determination of the Internal Chemical Energy of Wastewater (2010)

The wastewater industry is facing a paradigm shift, learning to view domestic wastewater not as a waste stream which needs to be disposed of but as a resource from which to generate energy. The extent of that resource is a strategically important question. The only previous published measurement of the internal chemical energy of wastewater measured 6.3 kJ/L. It has long been assumed that the energy content in wastewater relates directly to chemical oxygen demand (COD). However there is no standard relationship between COD and energy content. In this study a new methodology of preparing samples for measuring the internal chemical energy in wastewater is developed, and an analysis is made between this and the COD measurements taken. The mixed wastewater examined, using freeze-drying of samples to minimize loss of volatiles, had 16.8 kJ/L, while the domestic wastewater tested had 7.6 kJ/L nearly 20% higher than previously estimated. The size of the resource that wastewater presents is clearly both complex and variable but is likely to be significantly greater than previously thought. A systematic evaluation of the energy contained in wastewaters is warranted.
A Surface-Tailored, Purely Electronic, Mott Metal-to-Insulator Transition (2007)

Mott transitions, which are metal-insulator transitions (MITs) driven by electron-electron interactions, are usually accompanied in bulk by structural phase transitions. In the layered perovskite Ca(1.9)Sr(0.1)RuO4, such a first-order Mott MIT occurs in the bulk at a temperature of 154 kelvin on cooling. In contrast, at the surface, an unusual inherent Mott MIT is observed at 130 kelvin, also on cooling but without a simultaneous lattice distortion. The broken translational symmetry at the surface causes a compressional stress that results in a 150% increase in the buckling of the Ca/Sr-O surface plane as compared to the bulk. The Ca/Sr ions are pulled toward the bulk, which stabilizes a phase more amenable to a Mott insulator ground state than does the bulk structure and also energetically prohibits the structural transition that accompanies the bulk MIT.
Sm–Co–Cu–Ti high-temperature permanent magnets (2000)

A class of promising permanent-magnet materials with an appreciable high-temperature coercivity of 8.6 kOe at 500 °C is reported. The Sm–Co–Cu–Ti magnets are prepared by arc melting and require a suitable heat treatment. Magnetization measurements as a function of temperature and x-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the samples are two-phase mixtures of 2:17 and 1:5 structures. Depending on heat treatment and composition, some of the magnets exhibit a positive temperature coefficient of coercivity. The promising high-temperature behavior of the coercivity is ascribed to the temperature dependence of the domain-wall energy, which affects the curvature of the walls and the pinning behavior.
Evidence for de novo synthesis of asparagine synthetase in gamma irradiated potatoes. (1971)

S>A ten-fold increase in asparagine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.1) activity was obtained in the bud tissue within 5 hr after 10 krad gamma irradiation. This was followed by a rapid fall in this activity. Irradiated buds also showed an increased incorporation of /sup 14/Cleucine into their soluble protein during this period. Cycloheximide (5 mu g/ml) and puromycin (25 mu g/ml) inhibited this protein synthesis as well as enzyme activation to about 70 and 60%, respectively. Actinomycin D (10 mu g/ml) inhibited protein synthesis in irradiated buds to 70%, while no inhibition was observed with unirradiated buds. The enhancement of asparagine synthetase activity was also arrested to about 70% by actinomycin D. Purified asparagine synthetase showed a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A good correlation was obtained between the incorporation of /sup 14/C --leucine into the enzyme fraction and increase in specific activity. (auth)
Work hardening ability of ductile Ti45Cu40Ni7.5Zr5Sn2.5 and Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 bulk metallic glasses (2006)

Ductile Ti45Cu40Ni7.5Zr5Sn2.5 and Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) present different work hardening abilities under compression. Microstructural investigations reveal that nanoscale chemical heterogeneities occur throughout the samples. The morphology of the chemically heterogeneous domains in the as-cast Ti45Cu40Ni7.5Zr5Sn2.5 BMG is irregular and significantly interconnected. In contrast, the as-cast Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 BMG exhibits a spherical morphology of the chemically heterogeneous regions. Furthermore, the distribution of the nanoscale chemical heterogeneity is macroscopically inhomogeneous throughout the material. These findings suggest that the different work hardening abilities of the Ti45Cu40Ni7.5Zr5Sn2.5 and Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 BMGs possibly originate from the different morphologies and distributions of the chemically heterogeneous regions.
Studies of Heterocyclic Compounds. XI. The Synthesis of Oxazolo[3, 2-b]-pyridazinium Perchlorates and Their Reactions with Some C-Nucleophiles (1977)

2, 6-Disubstituted oxaolo[3, 2-b]pyridazinium perchlorates (VI) were synthesized by acid-cyclization of 2-(α-oxoalkyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinones (V), derived from 6-substituted 3(2H)-pyridazinones (IV) and α-haloketones. Treatment of the quarternary salt (VIa : R1=C6H5, R2=H, R3=Cl) with KOH and NaSH gave Va and 2-phenacyl-3(2H)-pyridazinethione (VIIa), respectively. The reaction of VI with the sodium salts of ethyl cyanoacetate, malononitrile, and ethyl malonate furnished pyrrolo[1, 2-b]pyridazines (IX, XIII, and XIV). This reaction seems to be initiated by the nucleophilic addition of the reagents on C-8a position of VI, followed by ring-opening and re-aromatization to afford pyrrolopyridazine systems.
The Usefulness of in vitro Models to Predict the Bioavailability of Iron and Zinc: A Consensus Statement From the HarvestPlus Expert Consultation (2005)

A combination of dietary and host-related factors determines iron and zinc absorption, and several in vitro methods have been developed as preliminary screening tools for assessing bioavailability. An expert committee has reviewed evidence for their usefulness and reached a consensus. Dialyzability (with and without simulated digestion) gives some useful information but cannot predict the correct magnitude of response and may sometimes predict the wrong direction of response. Caco-2 cell systems (with and without simulated digestion) have been developed for iron availability, but the magnitude of different effects does not always agree with results obtained in human volunteers, and the data for zinc are too limited to draw conclusions about the validity of the method. Caco-2 methodologies vary significantly between laboratories and require experienced technicians and good quality cell culture facilities to obtain reproducible results. Algorithms can provide semi-quantitative information enabling diets to be classified as high, moderate, or low bioavailability. While in vitro methods can be used to generate ideas and develop hypotheses, they cannot be used alone for important decisions concerning food fortification policy, selection of varieties for plant breeding programs, or for new product development in the food industry. Ultimately human studies are required for such determinations.
The quantitative Gleason score improves prostate cancer risk assessment (2012)

The qGS, a simple modification of the current Gleason system, appears to improve the correlation between biopsy and pathological GS, as well as the prediction of biochemical disease recurrence after RP. This scoring system may allow more men to pursue active surveillance, thereby avoiding the morbidity of prostate cancer treatment modalities.
Ge Outdiffusion Effect on Flicker Noise in Strained-Si nMOSFETs (2004)

The flicker noise characteristics of strained-Si nMOSFETs are significantly dependent on the gate oxide formation. At high temperature (900/spl deg/C) thermal oxidation, the Si interstitials at the Si/oxide interface were injected into the underneath Si-SiGe heterojunction, and enhanced the Ge outdiffusion into the Si/oxide interface. The Ge atoms at Si/oxide interface act as trap centers, and the strained-Si nMOSFET with thermal gate oxide yields a much larger flicker noise than the control Si device. The Ge outdiffusion is suppressed for the device with the low temperature (700/spl deg/C) tetraethylorthosilicate gate oxide. The capacitance-voltage measurements of the strained-Si devices with thermal oxide also show that the Si/oxide interface trap density increases and the Si-SiGe heterojunction is smeared out due to the Ge outdiffusion.