gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Protein Conjugates with Water-Soluble Poly(alkylene oxides) (1995)

Conjugates of proteins (bovine serum albumin (BSA) and alpha-chymotrypsin (CHT) with poly(ethylene glycol) and amphiphilic block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (proxanols) were synthesized, using monoaldehyde polymer derivatives as the amino group modifying reagents. Four types of conjugates varying in the placement of hydrophobic block and type of polymer chain distribution were obtained. Methods of purification and characterization of proteins conjugated with proxanols were developed. It was shown that conjugates based on CHT retain high enzymatic activity toward both substrates investigated--N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine and casein-up to high degrees of modification (11 polymer chains per protein molecule). At the same time, CHT--proxanol conjugates were characterized by higher thermostability, the stabilizing effect increasing in parallel with the degree of modification. It was shown that the alteration of sedimentation coefficients of proteins caused by modification was negligible. On the basis of data obtained by the methods of hydrophobic chromatography, sedimentation, and differential scanning calorimetry, conformational models of protein-proxanol conjugates were suggested. It was supposed that conjugates form compact structures in aqueous solutions, which resemble intramolecular micelles, stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between poly(propylene oxide) blocks of proxanols.
Adaptations of Female Bobwhites to Energy Demands of the Reproductive Cycle (2017)

The energy required by bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) to attain reproductive condition was measured for 30 individually caged game-farm raised birds. They were acclimated to an eight-hour photoperiod, which then was increased one hour each week until reaching 15 hours; it was then kept constant. One hen began laying eggs five weeks after the 15-hour photoperiod started. However, only 75 percent of the birds that eventually layed were laying after 12 weeks at 15 hours photoperiod. Average body weights increased from 194.2 g seven weeks prior to egg laying to 214.8 g while laying. Metabolized energy increased 24.4 percent (35.6 to 44.3 kcal/bird-day) during the six weeks prior to the onset of yolk deposition, which occurs in the week prior to laying. Metabolized energy increased another 18.3 percent to 52.4 kcal/bird-day while the quail were laying eggs. These results show several adaptations of bobwhites that permit them to meet the energy demanding activity of achieving reproductive status. This asynchronous response to photostimulation enables the birds to optimize their time of lay to unpredictable weather conditions prevalent in spring in temperate climates. In addition, the energy required to achieve reproductive condition is spread over six weeks; thus, the impact of increased energy demands is minimized.
Synthesis of racemic brevioxime (1999)

Amine hydrochloride 12 and β-keto thioester 16 were coupled and treated with TFA; the resulting alcohols 18 were oxidized and converted into a mixture of oximes 20, from which the major product, racemic brevioxime 1, was isolated.
Glucocorticoid regulation of adipocyte differentiation: hormonal triggering of the developmental program and induction of a differentiation-dependent gene. (1985)

We have analyzed the hormonal basis for the acceleration of differentiation by dexamethasone and insulin in the stable adipogenic cell line TA1. These cells, which were derived from 5-azacytidine-treated 10T1/2 mouse embryo fibroblasts, undergo differentiation in culture after reaching confluence. The ensuing morphological changes are accompanied by widespread alterations in the pattern of protein synthesis and the increased accumulation of specific mRNAs. Using cDNA clones corresponding to mRNAs that are induced during adipogenesis, we find that dexamethasone elicits the precocious accumulation of differentiation-specific gene products. This effect appears to be mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor, yet unlike standard steroid inductions, most of the RNAs reach the same maximal levels in the absence of dexamethasone. Glucocorticoids thus may increase the expression of a regulatory factor required for activating the entire set of differentiation-dependent genes. We also describe a gene whose transcription is not only activated during adipogenesis but is also specifically inducible by dexamethasone in the mature adipocyte. Moreover, the glucocorticoid responsiveness of this gene in differentiated cells appears to be dependent on its prior developmental activation.
Data and Predictive Modeling for Aerospace Mission Critical Parameter Assessment (2022)

This paper provides an overview of data and analytic approaches for evaluating the reliability and risk of space missions. Various methodologies and tools are utilized, starting with the Master Logic Diagram (MLD) that identifies the initiating events that cause system failure by evaluating different systems, sub-systems, and components. The MLD is then translated to a Functional Event Sequence Diagrams (FESDs) that evaluate the different success and failure paths, which ultimately help create the Event Tree (ET) to model event progression. The ET provides a road map to creating a Fault Tree (FT) which models potential failures, given the conditions in the ET. The FT provides the basis for performing all of the quantitative assessment. The collection of data is crucial in quantifying the ET and FT to assess a predictive model of the overall risk or reliability. Most of the time, aerospace vehicles have multiple redundancies in their systems architectures, so the concept of Common Cause Failures (CCF) is critical, because it evaluates the likelihood of concurrent failures in similar or identical systems. These tools and techniques have been applied to a variety of missions and to non-aerospace projects as well to develop predictive models that provide insights beyond those available from the data alone. This approach helps pinpoint weaknesses in systems and missions before their launch, providing an improvement in mission success by focusing investments where greater reliability is needed.
Split-Masking: An Output Masking Scheme for Effective Compound Defect Diagnosis in Scan Architecture With Test Compression (2010)

In modern scan architecture, it is often desirable to compact the output response without jeopardizing the diagnostic resolution. In this paper, we propose an output masking scheme to meet such a stringent requirement. We consider a practical scenario in which an output compactor is in use. We aim to support the harshest condition called compound defect diagnosis, in which faults exist in both the scan chain and the core logic. To overcome the loss of the diagnostic resolution, we incorporate a split-masking scheme, by which one can easily separate the output responses of the faulty chains from those of the fault-free ones. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can recover the diagnostic resolution loss induced by an output compactor almost completely without sacrificing the compaction ratio.
Untersuchung über die agglomeration von polymerisatlatices (1968)

Abstract Polymerisatdispersionen sind selbst dann, wenn sie mit demselben Emulgator hergestellt worden sind, nicht immer miteinander verträglich. Enthält das Polymerisat der einen Dispersion hydrophile Gruppen, etwa durch Mitverwendung kleiner Mengen wasserlöslicher Monomerer bei der Emulsionspolymerisation (Typ „A”︁), und enthält das andere keine derartigen Gruppen (Typ „S”︁), so koaguliert eine Mischung der beiden Dispersionen oft schon wenige Sekunden nach ihrer Herstellung. Ein Zusatz von wenigen Prozent des Typs „A”︁ vermag indessen eine Agglomeration der Teilchen einer Dispersion „S”︁ herbeizuführen. Mischt man beispielsweise eine Polybutylacrylatdispersion, deren Teilchen im Durchschnitt einen Durchmesser D̄ w von 800 Å haben, mit 1 Gewichtsprozent der Dispersion eines Copolymerisates aus 95% Äthylacrylat und 5% Acrylsäure und stellt den pH‐Wert auf 8–9 ein, so resultiert ein Latex mit folgenden Kenndaten: D̄ n = 6300 Å; D̄ w = 7300 Å. Das Wachstum der Teilchen setzt sich fort bei weiterer Zugabe einer beliebigen Dispersion des Typs „S”︁. An Hand von Verteilungsfunktionen der Teilchendurchmesser und mit Hilfe von Latices, die mit polymerisierbaren Farbstoffen indiziert waren, sowie unter Verwendung von elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen mit spezieller Präpariertechnik wurden Vorstellungen über den Agglomerationsmechanismus entwickelt. Danach sind die Latexteilchen durch ihre Emulgatorhülle nur bedingt gegen Assoziat‐(Koagulat‐)bildung geschützt. Treffen Latexteilchen des Typs „S”︁ nur auf ihresgleichen, so bildet die durch den Emulgator aufgebaute elektrische Doppel‐schicht ausreichenden Schutz gegen Koagulation. Treffen Teilchen des Typs „S”︁ auf solche vom Typ „A”︁, so erfolgt irreversible Assoziation. Jedeszufälligaufdie Ober‐fläche von Teilchen „A”︁ auftreffende Teilchen „S”︁ wird festgehalten und verschmilzt mit anderen Teilchen „S”︁ zum Sekundärteilchen, auf dessen Oberfläche das hydrophile Teilchen „A”︁ „schwimmt”︁. Es bleibt dort praktisch unbegrenztwirksam und nimmt jederzeit neu hinzugefügte Teilchen des Typs „S”︁ auf.
High-volume process monitoring of FEOL 22nm FinFET structures using an automated STEM (2013)

The automated metrology capabilities of a STEM using a commercially available 22nm microprocessor were evaluated. Artifact-free TEM samples with a thickness of 10-15nm were prepared from inverter structures at various locations within an SRAM array. Static and dynamic precision measurements made on fin and gate stack features show sub-nm precision, suggesting that fully automated STEM metrology on finFET devices is capable of supporting finFET production. This paper also discusses sample preparation, automated data acquisition and data analysis, as well as the throughput benefits that arise from hardware connectivity between the sample prep and data acquisition tools. Simultaneous STEM imaging and compositional analysis is also briefly discussed.
Planar regrowth of InP and InGaAs around reactive ion etched mesas using atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (1993)

Growth patterns around etched mesas were observed during the atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) of InP layers with and without addition of trichloroethane (TCA) and InGaAs layers. It was observed that the addition of TCA during the MOVPE of InP induced rapid growth along high-index directions such as [113] as well as much more enhanced faceting along (001) and (111)p planes, resulting in a planar regrowth around reactive ion etched mesas parallel to [110] directions. No irregularity or interruption of growth was observed, providing an ideal sequence for the blocking layer regrowth used in laser fabrication. Regrowth of InGaAs layers also resulted in a planar regrowth around the mesas along [110] directions but through a somewhat different mechanism. Growth on (111) planes was completely suppressed in this case and the facets were less clearly defined, so that growth from the base plane proceeded without interacting with the sidewalls.
Large-Scale U.S. Unconventional Fuels Production and the Role of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Technologies in Reducing Their Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2009)

Under two future hypothetical climate policies and assuming the wide-scale availability of cost-effective carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies, the emergence of a domestic U.S. oil shale or coal-to-liquids (CTL) industry would likely be responsible for significant increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere. The oil shale production facilities required to produce 3MMB/d from the Ecocene Green River formation using an in situ retorting process would result in net emissions to the atmosphere of between 3000–7000 MtCO2, in addition to storing potentially 900–5000 MtCO2 in regional deep geologic formations in the period up to 2050. A similarly sized, but geographically more dispersed domestic CTL industry could result in 4000–5000 MtCO2 emitted to the atmosphere, in addition to potentially 21,000–22,000 MtCO2 stored in regional deep geologic formations over the same period up to 2050. Preliminary analysis of regional CO2 storage capacity in locations where such facilities might be sited indicates that there appears to be sufficient storage capacity, primarily in deep saline formations, to accommodate the CO2 from these industries.
Developmental expression of syndecan, an integral membrane proteoglycan, correlates with cell differentiation (1991)

Syndecan is an integral membrane proteoglycan that behaves as a matrix receptor by binding cells to interstitial matrix and associating intracellularly with the actin cytoskeleton. Using immunohistology, we have now localized this proteoglycan during the morphogenesis of various derivatives of the surface ectoderm in mouse embryos. Syndecan is expressed on ectodermal epithelia, but is selectively lost from the cells that differentiate into the localized placodes that initiate lens, nasal, otic and vibrissal development. The loss is transient on presumptive ear, nasal and vibrissal epithelia; the derivatives of the differentiating ectodermal cells that have lost syndecan subsequently re-express syndecan. In contrast, syndecan is initially absent from the mesenchyme underlying the surface ectoderm, and is transiently expressed when the surface ectoderm loses syndecan. These results demonstrate that expression of syndecan is developmentally regulated in a distinct spatiotemporal pattern. On epithelia, syndecan is lost at a time and, location that correlates with epithelial cell differentiation and, on mesenchyme, syndecan is acquired when the cells aggregate in proximity to the epithelium. This pattern of change with morphogenetic events is unique and not duplicated by other matrix molecules or adhesion receptors.
A Clinical Method for Testing the Safety of Catamenial Pads (1997)

Methods are described for assessing the gynecologic, dermatologic, and microbiologic effects of deodorant and non-deodorant catamenial pad use over a 6-month period. A controlled, randomized, investigator-blind parallel study was conducted with 190 women between the ages of 18 and 45 years. Data on medical histories, physical examinations, diagnostic laboratory tests, gynecologic and dermatologic examinations and microbiology were collected. No significant differences in gynecologic, dermatologic, or microbiologic parameters were observed between control and treated groups, and no pad-related adverse health effects were observed in this clinical study.
Effect of coagulation on laser light distribution in myocardial tissue (1991)

The changes in total reflection and transmission of porcine myocardium due to thermal coagulation were measured during tissue heating in a temperature-controlled water bath, at different temperature ranging between 54 degree(s)-63 degree(s)C. At 633 nm, the measurements yield a picture of continuous decrease in transmission and a peak with a subsequent fall (approximately 10% from the peak) in reflection measurements of the tissue during coagulation process. Utilizing these measurements and an inverse solution to the radiative transfer equation, the optical properties of tissue, absorption, (mu)<sub>a</sub>, and effective scattering, (mu)<sub>s</sub>=(mu)<sub>s</sub>(1-g) were calculated. A one-dimensional diffusion approximation was used to demonstrate the effects of thermally induced changes in the optical properties of tissue on light distribution in tissue. The pattern of changes in (mu)<sub>a</sub> and (mu)<sub>s</sub> seem to indicate that several simultaneous rate processes may be responsible for tissue coagulation. A postulate is put forward to use one such rate process to characterize threshold thermal damage to porcine myocardium and the accompanying protein denaturation.
On-line Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis for Power Transformers Their Bushings, Tap Changer and Insulation System (2007)

Utilities need to reduce costs associated to operation and maintenance of installed equipment. Main ways to achieve this cost reduction arc the use of on-line condition monitoring, and a shift from time-based to condition-based maintenance. Thanks to the evolution of monitoring systems, maintenance and operation people can concentrate their activity on other tasks with high added value. Besides these utilities will continue to be faced with daunting challenges due to a deregulated energy market. Increasing loading of equipment, decreasing maintenance expenditures and postponement of investments are goals to reduce life cycle costs. These measures but also can result in higher failure rates and increasing risk of major failures. So the objective is to secure a given quality of supply of electrical energy with minimized cost expenditures for services (life management).
A WIDEBAND SLOTTED WAVEGUIDE ANTENNA ARRAY FOR SAR SYSTEMS (2010)

Possibilities for the extension of the operational frequency band of slotted waveguide antennas are studied. It is shown that by using both conventional longitudinal slots and subarraying techniques it is possible to reach the relative bandwidth of about 15%. This result is illustrated by the development of a novel slotted waveguide antenna for high-resolution SAR applications. The antenna operates in the X-band and forms the beam of 4 - £ 6 - with the gain of about 30dB.
Family Law—Condonation of Matrimonial Offence (1965)

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Real-Time RT-PCR for the Detection of Lyssavirus Species (2014)

The causative agents of rabies are single-stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses in the genus Lyssavirus of Rhabdoviridae, consisting of twelve classified and three as yet unclassified species including classical rabies virus (RABV). Highly neurotropic RABV causes rapidly progressive encephalomyelitis with nearly invariable fatal outcome. Rapid and reliable diagnosis of rabies is highly relevant for public and veterinary health. Due to growing variety of the genus Lyssavirus observed, the development of suitable molecular assays for diagnosis and differentiation is challenging. This work focused on the establishment of a suitable real-time RT-PCR technique for rabies diagnosis as a complement to fluorescent antibody test and rabies tissue culture infection test as gold standard for diagnosis and confirmation. The real-time RT-PCR was adapted with the goal to detect the whole spectrum of lyssavirus species, for nine of which synthesized DNA fragments were used. For the detection of species, seven probes were developed. Serial dilutions of the rabies virus strain CVS-11 showed a 100-fold higher sensitivity of real-time PCR compared to heminested RT-PCR. Using a panel of thirty-one lyssaviruses representing four species, the suitability of the protocol could be shown. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences obtained by heminested PCR allowed correct classification of all viruses used.
Novel Richter Syndrome Xenograft Models to Study Genetic Architecture, Biology, and Therapy Responses (2018)

Richter syndrome represents the evolution of chronic lymphocytic leukemia into an aggressive tumor, most commonly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The lack of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models has severely hampered drug testing in a disease that is poorly responsive to common chemoimmunotherapeutic combinations as well as to novel kinase inhibitors. Here we report for the first time the establishment and genomic characterization of two patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models of Richter syndrome, RS9737 and RS1316. Richter syndrome xenografts were genetically, morphologically, and phenotypically stable and similar to the corresponding primary tumor. RS9737 was characterized by biallelic inactivation of <i>CDKN2A</i> and <i>TP53,</i> monoallelic deletion of 11q23 (<i>ATM</i>), and mutations of <i>BTK, KRAS, EGR2</i>, and <i>NOTCH1</i> RS1316 carried trisomy 12 and showed mutations in <i>BTK, KRAS, MED12</i>, and <i>NOTCH2</i> RNA sequencing confirmed that in both cases >80% of the transcriptome was shared between primary tumor and PDX. In line with the mutational profile, pathway analyses revealed overactivation of the B-cell receptor, NFκB, and NOTCH pathways in both tumors, potentially providing novel tumor targets. In conclusion, these two novel models of Richter syndrome represent useful tools to study biology and response to therapies of this highly aggressive and still incurable tumor.<b>Significance:</b> Two patient-derived xenograft models of Richter syndrome represent the first <i>ex vivo</i> model to study biology of the disease and to test novel therapeutic strategies. <i>Cancer Res; 78(13); 3413-20. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Testosterone signaling and the regulation of spermatogenesis (2011)

Spermatogenesis and male fertility are dependent upon the presence of testosterone in the testis. In the absence of testosterone or the androgen receptor, spermatogenesis does not proceed beyond the meiosis stage. The major cellular target and translator of testosterone signals to developing germ cells is the Sertoli cell. In the Sertoli cell, testosterone signals can be translated directly to changes in gene expression (the classical pathway) or testosterone can activate kinases that may regulate processes required to maintain spermatogenesis (the non-classical pathway). Contributions of the classical and non-classical testosterone signaling pathways to the maintenance of spermatogenesis are discussed. Studies that may further elaborate the mechanisms by with the pathways support spermatogenesis are proposed.
On Sensor Placement for Directional Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

A directional sensor network is formed by directional sensors which may be oriented toward different directions. The sensing region of a directional sensor can be viewed as a sector in a two-dimensional plane. Therefore, a directional sensor can only choose one sector (or direction) at any time instant. Planning of directional sensor networks has received very little attention in the literature. In this paper, we discuss directional sensor placement which is a critical task in the planning of directional sensor networks. We also present an integer linear programming model whose goal is to minimize the number of directional sensors that need to be deployed to monitor a set of discrete targets in a sensor field. Numerical results demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of the model.
<title>Large Time Delay And Integration (TDI) Focal Plane Assembly With An Optically Contiguous Pixel Format</title> (1980)

A 6144 X 64 pixel focal plane assembly has been constructed incorporating six 1024 X 64 Time Delay and Integration Charge-Coupled Devices (TDI CCDs) in a beam-sharer configuration. The beam-sharer approaches 100 percent efficiency over the format, compared to a maximum 50 percent efficiency for a conventional beam-splitter configuration. The TDI CCDs have 20 X 20 micrometer pixels. The focal plane assembly is constructed so that the pixels are contiguous at the optical "butt" between chips to within 2 micrometers and straight within a 6 micrometer error band over the entire six chip length. These dimensional accuracies were achieved using a precision alignment apparatus developed for this purpose. In a way similar to a comparator microscope, its optical system provides simultaneous overlapping fields of view; one incorporates fixed reference lines while the other contains a view of the CCD chips. A mechanical micro-manipulator is used to provide precise control of chip motion in three degrees of freedom (x, y, 0) for each of the two CCD mounting planes. The modular focal plane assembly technique makes practical the fabrication of large-format, gapless configurations of high optical efficiency. Both the assembly technique and methodology of subsequent repair (replacement of chips after some period of service, should that ever be required) are described in detail.