gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss of factor VIII activity during storage in PVC containers due to adsorption (2000)

Recombinant factor VIII concentrates are stable when administered in a reconstituted form according to the manufacturer's specifications, and undiluted via infusion with syringe mini-pumps. However many Haemophilia centres administer recombinant factor VIII further diluted in intravenous fluids for greater ease of administration. To investigate the stability of recombinant factor VIII during administration as a diluted infusion, reconstituted factor VIII was stored in polyvinylchloride (PVC) mini-bags undiluted (146 IU mL-1) and at factor VIII concentrations of 10 IU mL-1 and 2 IU mL-1. After 48 h of storage at room temperature in PVC mini-bags, the recoveries of factor VIII activity were 41.9% of the initial activity for the undiluted (146 IU mL-1) product and 43.7% of the initial activity for factor VIII diluted to 10 IU mL-1. For factor VIII diluted to 2 IU mL-1, the amount of factor VIII activity remaining at 48 h was only 1.8% of the initial activity. In contrast, 100% of factor VIII activity was recovered after 48 h when undiluted reconstituted product (146 IU mL-1) was stored in a syringe. To investigate the mechanism of factor VIII activity loss during storage, factor VIII samples collected after 0, 3 and 48 h of storage were analysed by immunoblotting with factor VIII antibodies. No evidence of factor VIII proteolytic degradation during storage was found, however, large amounts of factor VIII antigen were recovered from the empty PVC mini-bags following elution with denaturing detergent. We conclude that clinically significant losses of factor VIII activity occur during storage in PVC mini-bags and that the loss of activity is most likely due to protein adsorption onto the plastic surface. This loss of factor VIII activity during storage in PVC containers may substantially affect the safety and potential cost savings of administering recombinant factor VIII by continuous infusion.
<title>New results on liquid crystal alignment by photopolymerization</title> (1995)

A review of LC alignment properties on UV-cured photoanisotropic films is given. Special attention is attracted to photopolymers (like PVC), as aligning agents. Such aspects as orientation quality, tilt angle, etc. are taken into account. The new aligning methods seem to be very attractive in LCD technology as they allow the user to avoid electrostatic charges and impurities, which usually exist in conventional rubbing techniques. Such applications of photoanisotropic aligning methods as the improvement of viewing angles of TN LCDs or the restoration of bistability in FLCs are discussed.
Using the compiler to improve cache replacement decisions (2002)

Memory performance is increasingly determining microprocessor performance and technology trends are exacerbating this problem. Most architectures use set-associative caches with LRU replacement policies to combine fast access with relatively low miss rates. To improve replacement decisions in set-associative caches, we develop a new set of compiler algorithms that predict which data will and will not be reused and provide these hints to the architecture. We prove that the hints either match or improve hit rates over LRU. We describe a practical one-bit cache-line tag implementation of our algorithm, called evict-me. On a cache replacement, the architecture will replace a line for which the evict-me bit is set, or if none is set, it will use the LRU bits. We implement our compiler analysis and its output in the Scale compiler. On a variety of scientific programs, using the evict-me algorithm in both the level 1 and 2 caches improves simulated cycle times by up to 34% over the LRU policy by increasing hit rates. In addition, a combination of simple hardware prefetching and evict-me works together to further improve performance.
An Application of Latent Dirichlet Allocation to Analyzing Software Evolution (2008)

We develop and apply unsupervised statistical topic models, in particular latent Dirichlet allocation, to identify functional components of source code and study their evolution over multiple project versions. We present results for two large, open source Java projects, Eclipse and Argo UML, which are well-known and well-studied within the software mining community. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of probabilistic topic models in automatically summarizing the temporal dynamics of software concerns, with direct application to project management and program understanding. In addition to detecting the emergence of topics on the release timeline which represent integration points for key source code functionality, our techniques can also be used to pinpoint refactoring events in the underlying software design, as well as to identify general programming concepts whose prevalence is dependent only of the size of the code base to be analyzed. Complete results are available from our supplementary materials website at http://sourcerer.ics.uci.edu/icmla2008/software_evolution.html.
<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>PTA-CT2 Triggers Local and Systemic Immune Response Against<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>in Grapevine (2015)

Although induced systemic resistance (ISR) is well-documented in the context of plant-beneficial bacteria interactions, knowledge about the local and systemic molecular and biochemical defense responses before or upon pathogen infection in grapevine is very scarce. In this study, we first investigated the capacity of grapevine plants to express immune responses at both above- and below-ground levels upon interaction with a beneficial bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens PTA-CT2. We then explored whether the extent of priming state could contribute to the PTA-CT2-induced ISR in Botrytis cinerea-infected leaves. Our data provide evidence that this bacterium colonized grapevine roots but not the above-ground plant parts and altered the plant phenotype that displayed multiple defense responses both locally and systemically. The grapevine roots and leaves exhibited distinct patterns of defense-related gene expression during root colonization by PTA-CT2. Roots responded faster than leaves and some responses were more strongly upregulated in roots than in leaves and vice versa for other genes. These responses appear to be associated with some induction of cell death in roots and a transient expression of HSR, a hypersensitive response-related gene in both local (roots) and systemic (leaves) tissues. However, stilbenic phytoalexin patterns followed opposite trends in roots compared with leaves but no phytoalexin was exuded during plant-bacterium interaction, suggesting that roots could play an important role in the transfer of metabolites contributing to immune response at the systemic level. Unexpectedly, in B. cinerea-infected leaves PTA-CT2-mediated ISR was accompanied in large part by a downregulation of different defense-related genes, including HSR. Only phytoalexins and glutathion-S-transferase 1 transcripts were upregulated, while the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes was maintained at a higher level than the control. This suggests that decreased expression of HSR, as a marker of cell death, and activation of secondary metabolism pathways could be responsible for a reduced B. cinerea colonization capacity in bacterized plants.
Organocatalysis Lost: Modern Chemistry, Ancient Chemistry, and an Unseen Biosynthetic Apparatus (2007)

One enigma leads in three directions: The Hajos–Wiechert reaction presented an enigma that went unsolved for three decades. With the unravelling of this enigma, organocatalysis plays a major role in the development of efficient catalytic asymmetric methodologies. The mechanisms of organocatalysis also shed light on the origin of homochirality essential for life and provide clues to yet-to-be-discovered biosynthetic mechanisms at work in living organisms today.
TEXTURAL IMAGING AND DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS FOR DISTINGUISHINGWEEDS FOR SPOT SPRAYING (1998)

Advanced computer vision and statistical methods were employed for identifying living plants from soil/residue background for two species of grasses (Shattercane, Green Foxtail) and two broadleaf species (Velvetleaf, RedRoot Pigweed) weeds. The excess green index method was used as a contrast enhancement for specifically identifyingplant from soil regions. Excess green classified plant and soil regions correctly over the entire three-week observationperiod with high accuracies (99% plus). Plant and soil binary images were derived from excess green images andprovided edge boundaries. These boundaries were used with corresponding gray scale images to extract four classicaltextural features for plants and soil: angular second moment, inertia, entropy, and local homogeneity. These features werederived from the co-occurrence matrix. Stepwise and canonical discriminant analyses were used to test the classificationperformance of the texture and excess green features. Discrimination models of local homogeneity, inertia, and angularsecond moment were found to classify grass and broadleaf categories of plants, with classification accuracies of 93 and85%, respectively. Classification accuracies of individual species only ranged from 30 to 77%. Soil classificationaccuracies were also high for textural feature algorithms (97%). The time required to produce tokensets ranged from 15 to20 s on a UNIX computer system. Additional time required for the system to reach a plant/soil classification ranged from5 to 10 s. This translated into an overall system response time of 20 to 30 s, with the preprocessing step constituting themajor part of the system response time.
Mutational Studies of Human DNA Polymerase α (1995)

The function of a lysine residue, Lys950, of human DNA polymerase alpha located in the third most conserved region and conserved in all of the alpha-like polymerases was analyzed by site-directed mutagenesis. Lys950 was mutagenized to Arg, Ala, or Asn. The mutant enzymes were expressed in insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses and purified to near homogeneity. The mutant enzymes had specific activities ranging from 8 to 22% of the wild type. All three Lys950 mutants utilized Mn2+ as metal activator more effectively than the wild type enzyme and showed an increase in Km values for deoxynucleoside triphosphate but not k(cat) values in reactions with either Mg2+ or Mn2+ as the metal activator. Although mutation of the Lys950 residue caused an increase in Km values for deoxynucleoside triphosphates, mutations of Lys950 to Arg, Ala, or Asn did not alter the mutant enzymes' misinsertion efficiency in reactions with Mg2+ as a metal activator as compared with that of the wild type, suggesting that the base of the incoming deoxynucleoside triphosphate is not the structural feature interacting with the Lys950 side chain. In reaction with Mn2+ as a metal activator, all three Lys950 mutants had an improved fidelity for deoxynucleotide misinsertion compared to wild type. Inhibition studies of the three Lys950 mutant derivatives with an inhibitor, structural analogs of deoxynucleoside triphosphate, and pyrophosphate suggest that the deoxyribose sugar and beta-,gamma-phosphate groups are not the structural feature recognized by the Lys950 side chain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Survey of Available Corpora for Building Data-Driven Dialogue Systems (2015)

During the past decade, several areas of speech and language understanding have witnessed substantial breakthroughs from the use of data-driven models. In the area of dialogue systems, the trend is less obvious, and most practical systems are still built through significant engineering and expert knowledge. Nevertheless, several recent results suggest that data-driven approaches are feasible and quite promising. To facilitate research in this area, we have carried out a wide survey of publicly available datasets suitable for data-driven learning of dialogue systems. We discuss important characteristics of these datasets, how they can be used to learn diverse dialogue strategies, and their other potential uses. We also examine methods for transfer learning between datasets and the use of external knowledge. Finally, we discuss appropriate choice of evaluation metrics for the learning objective.
Specific quantification of <i>trichoderma reesei</i> cellulases in reconstituted mixtures and its application to cellulase–cellulose binding studies (1994)

Specific quantifications of the major cellulolytic components of the Trichoderma reesei enzyme complex, i.e., endoglucanases I and III and cellobiohydrolases I and II, are described and, employing a defined mixture of these four cellulases reconstituted according to the composition of the native Trichoderma cellulase complex, used to determine the binding of each individual component onto filter paper. During substrate degradation by this enzyme mixture, the specific adsorption of each individual cellulase gradually increases and no preferential binding of one enzyme component in any particular phase of cellulose hydrolysis is found. T. reesei cellobiohydrolases I and II admixed with endoglucanases I and III represent a "full-value" cellulase system that is capable of degrading semicrystalline cellulose efficiently. In comparison with the crude Trichoderma enzyme complex, almost identical adsorption properties and similar hydrolytic efficiency are found for the reconstituted mixture. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Knee Scooter–Related Injuries: A Survey of Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgeons (2020)

Level IV, retrospective case series.
A review: The active peptide of lactoferrin (1994)

A potent antimicrobial peptide, 'lactoferricin', was found to be generated upon gastric pepsin cleavage of lactoferrin. The active peptide consists mainly of a loop of 18 amino acid residues, derived from the N-terminal region of the lactoferrin molecule. Like various other antimicrobial peptides that display membrane-disruptive properties, it contains a high proportion of basic amino acid residues. A physiologically diverse range of micro-organisms was tested and found to be susceptible to inhibition by this natural peptide including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi. Its antimicrobial effect against sensitive micro-organisms was lethal. Electron microscopy studies revealed that it induces a profound change in cell ultrastructural features and causes substantial cell damage in bacteria and fungi. These findings suggest the possibility that active peptides of lactoferrin may have a role in the host defense against microbial disease. If produced in substantial quantities in vivo such peptides could have important physiological significance, especially in nursing infants.
A New Compact SRAM Cell by Vertical MOSFET for Low-Power and Stable Operation (2011)

In this paper, a compact SRAM cell with low-power and stable operation is proposed using vertical MOSFET technology, and its impact on the cell size and the performance is examined. Although the proposed SRAM cell is composed of 12 transistors, it has a small cell size, which is only 74% of the conventional 8T-SRAM cell, because of its stacked vertical MOSFET structure. The proposed SRAM cell with vertical MOSFET realizes a reduced power dissipation during the write operation which is 47% and 44% of the conventional 6T and 8T SRAM cell, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed SRAM cell with vertical MOSFET has achieved 3 times larger write and read Static Noise Margin (SNM) than that of the conventional planar 6T or 8T-SRAM cell, and its SNM is more tolerant against threshold voltage (Vth) fluctuation.
Isolation and Identification of 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid from Hot Water Extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb and Confirmation of Their Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Activity (2000)

The methanol soluble fraction of the hot water extracts from Hovenia dulcis Thunb showed antioxidative and antimicrobial activity. The methanol fraction was successively purified with solvent fractionation, silica gel adsorption column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and octadecylsilane column chromatography. The purified active substances were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography. The isolated substances were identified as 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (vanillic acid) and 3-methoxy- 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (ferulic acid) by LC-MS and GC-MS. Vanillic acid and ferulic acid showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and yeast. The DPPH-radical scavenging activity of ferulic acid appeared more active than that of vanillic acid. DPPH-radical scavenging concentration of ferulic acid and vanillic acid were , , respectively.
Dendritic cells get VIP treatment (2006)

of myeloproliferative disorders will be essential for designing new and effective treatments. Studies like the one summarized here that involve primary human cells of a single lineage more closely resemble the specific alterations carried by individual patients and are particularly informative in this context.
Background signals in wavelength-modulation spectrometry with frequency-doubled diode-laser light I Theory (2001)

Various types of background signals appear when wavelength-modulated (WM) diode-laser light is frequency doubled. We present a theoretical analysis of such background signals in terms of a previously derived formalism for WM spectrometry that is based on a Fourier series. Explicit expressions for various nf harmonics of the background signals are derived. The analysis shows that 2f detection will be plagued by significant background signals when frequency-doubled WM diode-laser light is used. It also demonstrates that 4f and 6f detection will experience background signals but not, however, to the same extent as 2f detection. The analysis illustrates clearly how the various nf harmonics of the background signals depend on entities such as modulation amplitude, associated intensity modulation, dispersion of the frequency-doubling material, laser power, and detuning. The background signals can take both positive and negative values, depending on the relation between these entities. Guidelines for how to minimize these background signals are given.
Kinematic Analysis of Lower-Limb Movement During Ergometer Pedaling in Hemiplegic and Nonhemiplegic Subjects (1991)

The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine bicycle pedaling as a model for studying motor control dysfunction in persons with hemiplegia. Results of a kinematic analysis of the involved lower extremity of 10 hemiplegic patients were compared with the lower-extremity kinematic data of 10 "normal" (nonhemiplegic) subjects. Subjects pedaled at a constant work load at two pedaling rates. Hip, knee, and ankle angular-displacement variables were studied. Statistical comparisons for variables at the hip and knee were not significantly different between groups or between pedaling speeds. Ankle dorsiflexion and total ankle excursion were significantly different across pedaling speeds, but not between groups. Phase-plane analyses of angular-displacement and angular-velocity variables revealed that the most striking difference between the hemiplegic and the normal subjects was the control of ankle displacement and velocity of the lower extremity during pedaling.
Examination Methods for Glaucoma Prevalence Surveys (1993)

This survey shows the practicality of instrument-based testing of visual function under field conditions.
Binding of opioids to human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and their effects on growth. (1990)

The well characterized human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, has been shown to possess membrane receptors for various opioid ligands, and these compounds have been shown to modulate the growth of the cells in culture. Using specific radioligands for the receptor types, we were able to demonstrate that the MCF-7 cells possess multiple opioid receptor types. Relatively high-affinity-binding sites are present for the mu- and kappa-specific ligands, while lower affinity sites are present for the delta-agonist. Opioid ligands specific for the different receptor types significantly inhibited the growth of the MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner when grown in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum. This inhibitory effect was reversed by the simultaneous administration of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone. However, the opioid effect appears to be restricted to the hormonally responsive fraction of the MCF-7 cell growth. Cells grown in the presence of charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum are refractory to the effects of the opioids unless the media is supplemented with estradiol. The data presented here suggest an important regulatory role for opioids in the growth and development of human breast cancers.
A Simple Method for Studying Run – Length Distributions of Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Charts (1987)

A numerical procedure using integral equations is presented for the tabulation of moments of run lengths of exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts. Both average run lengths (ARL's) and standard deviations of run lengths (SDRL's) are presented for the twosided EWMA chart assuming normal observations, along with an example illustrating how to design such a chart. The procedure given extends easily to many nonnormal cases and to one-sided versions of the EWMA chart.
Increase in suprabasilar integrin adhesion molecule expression in human epidermal neoplasms accompanies increased proliferation occurring with immortalization and tumor progression. (1995)

In a previous prospective study of 80 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract, a progressive increase in expression of the integrin cell adhesion molecule alpha 6 beta 4 in suprabasilar cell layers of the tumor parenchyma was associated with an increase in early recurrence after therapy. In this study, we determined the relationship of the altered expression pattern of the integrin to changes occurring during benign, invasive, or metastatic stages of tumor development. Suprabasilar expression of integrin alpha 6 beta 4 appeared with neoplastic transformation in benign squamous papillomas, but homogeneous expression occurred more frequently in the parenchyma of primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas. The variation in the extent of suprabasilar integrin expression among the tumors corresponded to the variation in the population undergoing proliferation as determined by two independent markers of proliferation. Integrin expression was quantified in primary, HPV 16 DNA-immortalized, and v-ki-ras oncogene-transformed keratinocytes, and the pattern of expression was compared with cell cycle progression. Primary keratinocyte lines showed a bimodal distribution of integrin expression, with one population showing decreased integrin expression, cell size, and a block of cell cycle progression consistent with differentiation, whereas another population exhibited high integrin expression and full progression through the cell cycle, consistent with proliferation. HPV-immortalized and v-ki-ras-transformed cell lines undergoing continuous proliferation exhibited uniformly strong integrin expression, which was similar in intensity to that observed in the proliferating population of normal keratinocytes. Similar increases in expression of two additional integrins, alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 3 beta 1, occurred along with integrin alpha 6 beta 4 in tissue specimens and cell lines derived from neoplasms. Thus, epidermal neoplasms display an increase in a population of cells exhibiting constitutive expression of a repertoire of integrins, which is similar to that found transiently in the acute phase of epidermal wound healing, a physiological response in which hyperproliferation, retention of multiple layers of proliferating cells, and migration occur. The association of a progressive increase in suprabasilar expression of these integrins with early tumor recurrence and advanced neoplasia suggests that constitutive expression and function of the same repertoire of integrins may be advantageous, rather than sufficient, for tumor progression.