gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvent-filled dialysis membranes simulate uptake of pollutants by aquatic organisms (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent-filled dialysis membranes simulate uptake of pollutants by aquatic organismsAnders. SoedergrenCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 9, 855–859Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00163a001https://doi.org/10.1021/es00163a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
One-Pot Shotgun Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Characterization of Histones (2009)

Despite increasing applications of mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize post-translational modifications (PTMs) on histone proteins, most existing protocols are not properly suited to robustly measure them in a high-throughput quantitative manner. In this work, we expand on current protocols and describe improved methods for quantitative Bottom Up characterization of histones and their PTMs with comparable sensitivity but much higher throughput than standard MS approaches. This is accomplished by first bypassing off-line fractionation of histone proteins and working directly with total histones from a typical nuclei acid extraction. Next, using a chemical derivatization procedure that is combined with stable-isotope labeling in a two-step process, we can quantitatively compare samples using nanoLC-MS/MS. We show that our method can successfully detect 17 combined H2A/H2B variants and over 25 combined histone H3 and H4 PTMs in a single MS experiment. We test our method by quantifying differentially expressed histone PTMs from wild-type yeast and a methyltransferase knockout strain. This improved methodology establishes that time and sample consuming off-line HPLC or SDS-PAGE purification of individual histone variants prior to MS interrogation as commonly performed is not strictly required. Our protocol significantly streamlines the analysis of histone PTMs and will allow for studies of differentially expressed PTMs between multiple samples during biologically relevant processes in a rapid and quantitative fashion.
Enzymatic Modification of Proteins (1971)

Abstract Twenty-five highly purified protein preparations were tested for their ability to accept leucine or phenylalanine in the reaction catalyzed by leucyl, phenylalanyl-tRNA-protein transferase. Three were identified as true acceptors on the basis of their capacity to accept nearly molar equivalents of amino acid. These three were modified bovine serum albumin to which arginine had been enzymatically added at the NH2-terminal position, αs1-casein, and β-casein. The latter are also known to possess arginine as their NH2-terminal residue. Acceptor specificity was similar for the transfer of leucine and phenylalanine. Although phenylalanine could be almost quantitatively transferred from phenylalanyl-tRNA to protein, no transfer was observed from the 3'-pentanucleotide fragment of E. coli tRNAphe, suggesting that an internal portion of the tRNA molecule functions in the reaction. Phenylalanine but not valine was transferred from E. coli tRNAval, and no transfer occurred from N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA, indicating a specificity for the aminoacyl residue of aminoacyl-tRNA. However, p-fluorophenylalanyl-tRNA was found to replace phenylalanyl-tRNA as substrate. The results suggest that an NH2-terminal arginine residue of the protein acceptor as well as both the aminoacyl and tRNA moieties of aminoacyl-tRNA participate in the reaction catalyzed by leucyl,phenylalanyl-tRNA-protein transferase.
Design of a Free-Piston Engine-Pump (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Off-highway mining and construction equipment typically converts all the power output of the engine to hydraulic power, with this power then used to perform the earth-moving operations, and also to propel the vehicle. This equipment presents significant opportunities for a new type of powerplant designed to deliver hydraulic power directly. An alternative to the conventional engine driven pump is a free-piston engine-pump (FPEP). The FPEP incorporates the functions of both an internal combustion engine and a hydraulic pump into a single, less-complex unit. The design presented in this paper utilizes two double-ended, reciprocating, opposed pistons, with combustion at one end of each piston and pumping at the opposite end. The opposed piston layout provides balance and also facilitates uniflow scavenging through intake and exhaust ports in the combustion section of the engine. An important feature of this FPEP design is the rebound accumulator circuit. The purpose of this circuit is to provide for control of the piston return to Top Dead Center. This permits the effective engine speed to be varied and also provides for synchronization of the opposed pistons. The energy stored in the rebound accumulator is also to be used for starting. The design of the FPEP should provide efficient delivery of hydraulic fluid over a wide range of pressure by controlling the amount of fuel injected, by varying the supercharge pressure, and by providing for variable delivery.</div>
Novel <i>ansa</i>-Metallocenes with a Single Boron Atom in the Bridge:  Syntheses, Reactivities, and X-ray Structures of {Ph(L)B(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}ZrCl<sub>2</sub> (L = SMe<sub>2</sub>, PMe<sub>3</sub>) (1997)

The syntheses and X-ray crystal structures of the boron-bridged ansa-metallocene complexes [{Ph(Me2S)B(η5-C5H4)2}ZrCl2]·C6D6 (2) and [{Ph(Me3P)B(η5-C5H4)2}ZrCl2] (3) are reported. Complex 2 is obtained as the product of a double dehalodesilylation reaction between PhB(C5H4SiMe3)2 and ZrCl4(SMe2)2. The dimethyl sulfide adduct of 2 is readily replaced with trimethylphosphine to afford 3. Efforts to alkylate 2 were unsuccessful, presumably due to the lability of the dimethyl sulfide and, hence, its inability to protect the boron bridge from nucleophilic attack by alkyl anions. In contrast, the trimethylphosphine adduct in 3 binds tightly enough to the boron bridge to protect it from nucleophilic attack. Also, unlike 2, complex 3 is activated by methylalumoxane toward the polymerization of ethylene.
The function of FOXO1 in the late phases of the cell cycle is suppressed by PLK1-mediated phosphorylation (2014)

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays crucial roles in multiple stages of cell division. Our previous studies suggest that global transcriptional regulation by PLK1 may contribute to its multiple functions. PLK1 depletion is associated with a decrease in cell viability and the induction of apoptosis; however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we report that forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a novel physiological substrate of PLK1. FOXO1 is at the interface of crucial cellular processes, orchestrating programs of gene expression that regulate apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and oxidative-stress resistance. PLK1 interacts with and phosphorylates FOXO1, mainly at the G 2/M phase of the cell cycle. PLK1-mediated phosphorylation leads to the impairment of FOXO1's transcriptional activity in an Akt-independent manner. By immunofluorescence staining and subcellular fractionation, we demonstrate that PLK1-induced FOXO1 phosphorylation causes its nuclear exclusion. Furthermore, PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of FOXO1 negatively regulates its pro-apoptotic function and abrogates its ability to delay entry into and progression through G 2/M transition. Therefore, our results suggest that PLK1 abrogates the inhibitory effects of FOXO1 on cell growth and survival to ensure timely cell cycle progression. This study not only reveals a novel and major regulatory mechanism of FOXO1 at the late phases of the cell cycle, but also provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which PLK1 inhibition leads to growth arrest and cell death.
Disrupted neuronal maturation in Angelman syndrome-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (2017)

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by deletion of the maternally inherited UBE3A allele and is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, ataxia, seizures and a happy affect. Here, we explored the underlying pathophysiology using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from AS patients and unaffected controls. AS-derived neurons showed impaired maturation of resting membrane potential and action potential firing, decreased synaptic activity and reduced synaptic plasticity. These patient-specific differences were mimicked by knocking out UBE3A using CRISPR/Cas9 or by knocking down UBE3A using antisense oligonucleotides. Importantly, these phenotypes could be rescued by pharmacologically unsilencing paternal UBE3A expression. Moreover, selective effects of UBE3A disruption at late stages of in vitro development suggest that changes in action potential firing and synaptic activity may be secondary to altered resting membrane potential. Our findings provide a cellular phenotype for investigating pathogenic mechanisms underlying AS and identifying novel therapeutic strategies.
Distributed Reactivity in the Sorption of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Natural Aquatic Systems (1995)

Particle-scale soil and sediment heterogeneities are addressed in the context of their effects on the sorption of nonpolar organic contaminants. Sorption by heterogeneous solids results from a variety of local processes involving different reaction mechanisms. Processes examined here to illustrate such effects include sorption by evolutionally immature soft-carbon organic matter, resulting in quasilinear sorption isotherms; sorption by common mineral phases in concentration regions where linear behavior is apparent; and sorption by evolutionally mature diagenetically altered hard-carbon organic matter, for which clearly nonlinear behavior is exhibited. The results demonstrate that the importance of different contributions to overall sorption reactivity can vary as the mass fractions of differently sorbing components change. A model predicated on discretely different interaction energies for different components of heterogeneous sorbents is used to characterize contributions to the sorption of nonpolar contaminants by several different types of soils and sediments.
A model to predict work-related fatigue based on hours of work. (2004)

Several research groups have developed models for estimating the work-related fatigue associated with shiftworkers' duty schedules. In June 2002, invited members of seven of these groups attended the Fatigue and Performance Modeling Workshop in Seattle, WA. At the workshop, each group described the background and conceptual basis of their model, and an independent party compared the models' predictions with performance and sleepiness data from five laboratory- and workplace-based scenarios. One of these models, the Fatigue Audit InterDyne (FAID), can be used to quantify the work-related fatigue associated with any duty schedule using hours of work (i.e., start/end times of work periods) as the sole input. The objectives of the current paper were to: 1) describe the background and conceptual basis of FAID; 2) present FAID-based predictions for four of the scenarios; and 3) discuss the advantages of, and possible improvements to, FAID. The analyses conducted to compare the predictive power of each model are described in detail by Van Dongen elsewhere in this issue.
Preparation of Shortened Norbelladine Analogs (2002)

The preparation of N-[(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]formamide (5) and 2-bromo-5-hydroxy-α-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)-methyl]-4-methoxypropaneamide (10) is reported.
A Markov Chain Model for the Analysis of Round-Robin Scheduling Scheme (2010)

In the literature of Round-Robin scheduling scheme, each job is processed, one after the another after giving a fix quantum. In case of First-come first-served, each process is executed, if the previously arrived processed is completed. Both these scheduling schemes are used in this paper as its special cases. A Markov chain model is used to compare several scheduling schemes of the class. An index measure is defined to compare the model based efficiency of different scheduling schemes. One scheduling scheme which is the mixture of FIFO and round robin is found efficient in terms of model based study. The system simulation procedure is used to derive the conclusion of the content
Simulation of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs. State of the Art (2010)

Naturally fractured reservoirs contain a significant amount of the world oil reserves. The production of this type of reservoirs constitutes a challenge for reservoir engineers. Use of reservoir simulators can help reservoir engineers in the understanding of the main physical mechanisms and in the choice of the best recovery process and its optimization. Significant progress has been made since the first publications on the dual-porosity concept in the sixties. This paper and the preceding one (Part 1) present the current techniques of modeling used in industrial simulators. The optimal way to predict matrix-fracture transfers at the simulator cell scale has no definite answer and various methods are implemented in industrial simulators. This paper focuses on the modeling of physical mechanisms driving flows and interactions/ exchanges within and between fracture and matrix media for a better understanding of proposed flow formula and simulation methods. Typical features of fractured reservoir numerical simulations are also described with an overview of the implementation of geomechanics effects, an application of uncertainty assessment methodology to a fractured gas reservoir and finally a presentation of a history matching methodology for fractured reservoirs.
Effect of pH on Fouling Characteristics and Deposit Compositions in Dry‐Grind Thin Stillage (2006)

ABSTRACT Dry‐grind corn processing facilities produce ethanol, carbon dioxide, and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). To produce DDGS, dry‐grind corn processors concentrate thin stillage in multieffect evaporators. Concentration of thin stillage uses large amounts of energy, and efficient operation is important for long‐term economic stability of the industry. Little data are available on fouling of evaporators during thin stillage concentration. We evaluated how thin stillage pH and acid type used during pH adjustment affected fouling as measured by induction period, fouling rate, and deposit composition. Using an annular fouling apparatus, fouling tests were conducted at pH 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5. In a second experiment, we used two types of acid, HCl or H 2 SO 4 , to adjust thin stillage to pH 3.5. Induction periods were shorter at pH 3.5 than at pH 4.0 or 4.5. As pH increased, fouling deposit protein decreased and ash increased. Concentrations of most elements, including P, Ca, Mg, Mn, and K, increased with an increase in pH. Phosphorus was the most abundant mineral element in fouling deposits. Induction periods were similar for the two acids. Thin stillage pH has an influence on deposit concentration, fouling rate, and induction period.
Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Inhibitors of DNA (Cytosine-C5) Methyltransferase Containing 5-Azacytosine Residues at Specific Sites (2001)

The incorporation of 5-azacytosine residues into DNA causes potent inhibition of DNA (Cytosine-C5) methyltransferases. The synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides incorporating single or multiple 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine residues at precise sites was undertaken to generate an array of sequences containing the reactive 5-azacytosine base as specific target sites for enzymatic methylation. Preparation of these modified oligonucleotides requires the use of 2-(p-nitrophenyl)ethyloxycarbonyl (NPEOC) groups for the protection of exocyclic amino functions. These groups are removed under mild conditions, thus avoiding conventional protocols that are detrimental to the integrity of the 5-azacytosine ring.
ENUMERATING ALL CYCLES OF A PLANAR GRAPH (1996)

We present a new and elegant cycle vector space algorithm that runs in O(n2.α) steps and needs O:lpar;nn) space for enumerating all simple cycles of a planar graph with n vertices, where α is the total number of simple cycles in the graph Unlike backtrack algorithms, cycle vector space algorithms for this problem are suitable for parallelization. A parallel version of this algorithm alone with a parallel version of Syslo's O(n.α) step algorithm for the same problem are on an exclusive-read, exclusive-write parallel RAM model with p processors. The results of an implementation of our parallel algorithm on a meshconnected SIMD computer are also presented.
Modeling microwave and hybrid heating processes including heat radiation effects (2002)

This paper presents an efficient simulation tool for conventional, microwave, and combined heating. Two heat-transfer mechanisms are included: conductive and radiant heat transfer. The conductive heat transfer is modeled by a finite-difference algorithm. A modeling technique for radiant heat transfer in nonuniform grids has been developed and is here presented for the first time. For the radiant heat transfer a finite-difference scheme is not applicable, as radiation from a material surface; is not bounded to the immediate vicinity, as is conductive heat transfer. Therefore, ray optical methods are used. Rays connecting mutually visible surfaces are obtained by a new fast method. Necessary, but acceptable simplifications allow fast computations. The algorithms are integrated conveniently together with an electromagnetic finite-difference time-domain program to one simulation tool. Representative simulations are presented for an oven heated conventionally, by microwaves, and by a combination of both.
Tool Failure Monitoring in Turning by Pattern Recognition Analysis of AE Signals (1988)

Sensing of both gradual and catastrophic tool failure is a key aspect in producing high quality parts on fully automated machine tool systems. Acoustic emission provides a means of sensing tool failure, since it is generated from the processes that cause tool failure (e.g., tool wear, tool fracture). A linear discriminant function-based technique for detection of tool wear, tool fracture, or chip disturbance events is developed using the spectra of signals generated by these sources. In addition, a methodology for determining the feature dimensionality, the selection of best features, and the minimum training sample size is presented. The concepts of classification error minimization and manufacturing cost minimization have been applied to design classifiers using a hierarchical decision strategy to improve the performance of tool failure sensing. Results of an application indicate an 84 to 94 percent reliability for detecting tool failure of any type.
Improving Spectral Resolution of Multispectral Data Using Convolutional Neural Network (2019)

Hyperspectral data, despite of possessing high spectral resolution, suffers from narrow swath, which hinders its wider applications. Till now, there are many fusion methods to improve the resolution of data. However, most of the fusion methods are focused on enhancement of the overlapping area and cannot extend the swath of the hyperspectral data. Thus, in this paper, a multispectral image spectral resolution improving method using convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed, which is based on the hypothesis that there exists learnable nonlinear mapping between hyperspectral data and multispectral data, and when the land cover is the same, the mapping between data from the overlapped area is the same as that from the non-overlapped area. By training the network using the data of the overlapped area, the method can predict the hyperspectral data of nonoverlapping area, or in other words, extend the swath of hyperspectral data. The architecture used in this method is a relatively simple three-layered structure yet powerful to extend the swath of hyperspectral data as the experimental results shows.
Syntheses and properties of aromatic polyamides and polyimides derived from 9,9‐bis[4‐(<i>p</i>‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]fluorene (1993)

Abstract 9,9‐Bis[4‐( p ‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]fluorene ( II ) was used as a monomer with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids and tetracarboxylic dianhydrides to synthesize polyamides and polyimides, respectively. The diamine II was derived by a nucleophilic substitution of 9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)fluorene with p ‐chloronitrobenzene in the presence of K 2 CO 3 and then hydro‐reduced. Polyamides IV a‐g having inherent viscosities of 0.73–1.39 dL/g were prepared by the direct polycondensation of the diamine II with various aromatic diacids using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. All the aromatic polyamides were amorphous and readily soluble in various polar solvents such as N,N ‐dimethylacetamide, N,N ‐dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone. Transparent and flexible films of these polymers could be cast from the DMAc solutions. These aromatic polyamides had glass transition temperatures in the range of 283–309°C and 10% weight loss occurred up to 460°C. The polyimides were synthesized from diamine II and various aromatic dianhydrides via the two‐stage procedure that included ring‐opening poly‐addition in DMAc to give poly(amic acid)s, followed by thermal or chemical conversion to polyimides. The poly(amic acid)s had inherent viscosities of 0.62–1.78 dL/g, depending on the dianhydrides. Most of the aromatic polyimides obtained by chemical cyclization were found to be soluble in NMP. These polyimides showed almost no weight loss up to 500°C in air or nitrogen atmosphere. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.