gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A single-chip 300 baud FSK modem (1984)

A 300-baud single-chip FSK modem implementing an RS-232 interface handshaking protocol is described. The device is a full duplex asynchronous modem that meets both Bell 103 and CCITT V.21 specifications. It incorporates the protocol required for automatic answer/originate, loss of carrier termination, and a 14-s abort timer. The device also implements analog and digital loopback capabilities for local and remote testing, respectively. The chip is implemented using a double-poly CMOS technology and uses a standard 3.58-MHz colorburst TV crystal. Inclusion of the handshaking protocol facilitates interfacing the modem to a standard RS-232 interface in stand-alone applications, or a UART in other applications, where the modem is integrated into the data terminal equipment.
Reducing the Risks of Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Antiplatelet Therapies (2005)

In the treatment of cardiovascular disease, clinicians commonly are caught between the competing considerations of cardiovascular benefit and gastrointestinal risks. Low-dose aspirin (325 mg or less daily) lowers the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular thrombotic events. Aspirin prevents thromboses and blocks platelet aggregation through inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme, thereby reducing thromboxane synthesis. Owing to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase in the gastrointestinal tract, aspirin also causes gastrointestinal ulceration and major bleeding, which limit its usefulness as an antithrombotic agent.The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding generally increases by a factor of two to three with the use of low-dose aspirin.1 Although . . .
Static Reversal Processes in Thin Ni-Fe Films (1962)

Magnetization reversal at an angle to the easy direction in Ni-Fe films was studied. The results, in contrast to the single-domain theory, show no coherent rotation, even for field directions in which the critical field for rotation is smaller than the critical field for wall motion. The actual reversal is initiated by rotation of the magnetization in bands formed in the film. New experimental studies show that the reversal is subsequently completed by wall motion. A qualitative discussion of the new observations and a review of previous work give a comprehensive picture of the static reversal processes in thin Ni-Fe films.
Thermal noise of whispering-gallery resonators (2012)

By direct application of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, we numerically calculate the fundamental thermal fluctuations of the dimensions of crystalline CaF${}_{2}$ whispering-gallery resonators in the case of structural damping, and the limit that this noise imposes on the frequency stability of such resonators at both room and cryogenic temperatures. We analyze elasto-optic noise---the effect of Brownian dimensional fluctuation on frequency via the strain-dependence of the refractive index---a noise term that has so far not been considered for whispering-gallery resonators. We find that dimensional fluctuation sets a lower limit of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ to the Allan deviation for a 10-mm-radius sphere at 5 K, predominantly via induced fluctuation of the refractive index.
<i>De novo</i> sequencing of tryptic peptides sulfonated by 4‐sulfophenyl isothiocyanate for unambiguous protein identification using post‐source decay matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (2003)

A simple method of solid-phase derivatization and sequencing of tryptic peptides has been developed for rapid and unambiguous identification of spots on two-dimensional gels using post-source decay (PSD) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. The proteolytic digests of proteins are chemically modified by 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate. The derivatization reaction introduces a negative sulfonic acid group at the N-terminus of a peptide, which can increase the efficiency of PSD fragmentation and enable the selective detection of only a single series of fragment ions (y-ions). This chemically assisted method avoids the limitation of high background normally observed in MALDI-PSD spectra, and makes the spectra easier to interpret and facilitates de novo sequencing of internal fragment. The modification reaction is conducted in C(18) microZipTips to decrease the background and to enhance the signal/noise. Derivatization procedures were optimized for MALDI-PSD to increase the structural information and to obtain a complete peptide sequence even in critical cases. The MALDI-PSD mass spectra of two model peptides and their sulfonated derivatives are compared. For some proteins unambiguous identification could be achieved by MALDI-PSD sequencing of derivatized peptides obtained from in-gel digests of phosphorylase B and proteins of hepatic satellite cells (HSC).
Functional Significance of Cytochrome<i>P</i>450 1B1 in Endometrial Carcinogenesis (2009)

Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) catalyzes estrogen hydroxylation and activation of potential carcinogens. Here we explored the role of CYP1B1 in endometrial carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining of endometrial carcinomas showed that CYP1B1 is up-regulated in endometrial cancers. To understand the functional significance of CYP1B1 up-regulation in endometrial cancers with regard to tumorigenesis, we used small interfering RNA-mediated approach to knockdown CYP1B1 in endometrial carcinoma cell line followed by functional assays. Further, to understand the molecular basis of the role of CYP1B1 in endometrial carcinomas, we profiled the expression of key pathway-specific genes and identified several components of cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell adhesion pathways that are potentially regulated by CYP1B1. CYP1B1 depletion in endometrial carcinoma cells leads to decreased cellular proliferation and induces G(0)-G(1) cell cycle arrest. Significantly, CYP1B1 knockdown leads to down-regulated expression of cyclin E1, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), minichromosome maintenance complex component 4 (MCM4), and RAD51 and up-regulation of p27(Kip1). Also, we identified cyclin E-binding protein (CEBP1) as a novel CYP1B1 target. Attenuation of CYP1B1 expression in endometrial carcinoma cells induces apoptosis and increases expression of IFN-beta (IFNbeta), granzyme A (GRZA), and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Importantly, CYP1B1 depletion decreased the invasive potential of the endometrial cancer cells and expression of melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM). In conclusion, our data suggest that CYP1B1 up-regulation plays a crucial role in endometrial carcinogenesis by targeting multiple pathways. We speculate that CYP1B1 inhibition in endometrial carcinomas could be a useful therapeutic approach as it regulates several potential anticancer targets like cyclin E1, Skp2, and TRAIL.
Minimally invasive pediatric surgery: Increasing implementation in daily practice and resident’s training (2007)

Laparoscopy is an established approach in abdominal procedures in children, and does not hamper surgical training.
<title>Piezoelectric PZT thin films derived by sol-gel techniques</title> (2004)

In this report, piezoelectric Pb(Zr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>1-x</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (PZT) thin films have been prepared onto platinized silicon and stainless steel substrates (SS) respectively, by using the sol-gel spin-on techniques and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process. (i) Near 4 μm (100) oriented PZT thin films were prepared onto (111)Pt/Ti/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si. The dielectric constant and remnant polarization achieved 1658 and 35 μC/cm<sup>2</sup> respectively. Zr-rich PZT thin films had higher dielectric constant. The as-prepared PZT thin films were observed to have spontaneous piezoelectric responses, which was prominent in the relatively thinner films. (ii) PZT thin films were successfully deposited onto SS substrates by using a thin template of PbTiO<sub>3</sub> layer. The annealing temperature of PZT was decreased to 550°C. No second phase was detected to the limit of X-ray diffractmeter. The remnant polarization and piezoelectric d<sub>31</sub> constant were determined to be 35 μC/cm<sup>2</sup> and -76 pC/N, respectively. (iii) The origin of the self-poling effect was conjectured to the formation of an internal bias field in PZT thin films. The shift of Curie temperature Tc of PZT thin films was discussed on the base of two-dimensional compressive and tensile stresses introduced by different substrates.
Learning scheme to predict atomic forces and accelerate materials simulations (2015)

The behavior of an atom in a molecule, liquid, or solid is governed by the force it experiences. If the dependence of this vectorial force on the atomic chemical environment can be learned efficiently with high fidelity from benchmark reference results---using ``big-data'' techniques, i.e., without resorting to actual functional forms---then this capability can be harnessed to enormously speed up in silico materials simulations. The present contribution provides several examples of how such a force field for Al can be used to go far beyond the length-scale and time-scale regimes presently accessible using quantum-mechanical methods. It is argued that pathways are available to systematically and continuously improve the predictive capability of such a learned force field in an adaptive manner, and that this concept can be generalized to include multiple elements.
[The effect of different concentrations of fluoride on the expression of Smad2/3 in ameloblast of rat incisor]. (2011)

By inhibiting the expression of Smad2/3 in ameloblasts, fluoride affects the differentiation and development of enamel,leading to the occurrence of dental fluorosis in rat.
Chemically amplified, thick film, i-line positive resist for electroplating and redistribution applications (2006)

Adapting chemically amplified (CA) resist technology to thick film applications is demonstrated in this paper over a wide range of thicknesses and types of substrates. Substantial performance differences were observed over copper (Cu) substrates compared to silicon (Si). These differences are attributed to different photo acid generator (PAG) distribution in the resist depth influenced by its structure and the nature of the substrate. Optimized resist formulations were developed to provide acceptable performance on Cu wafers. A family of new chemically amplified thick film resist products is being introduced to the market. This technology offers significant advantages in throughput and performance over conventional novolak / diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ) products at a competitive cost.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Paradigm for Performance Optimization of Channel Observation–Based MAC Protocols in Dense WLANs (2018)

The potential applications of deep learning to the media access control (MAC) layer of wireless local area networks (WLANs) have already been progressively acknowledged due to their novel features for future communications. Their new features challenge conventional communications theories with more sophisticated artificial intelligence-based theories. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is one DL technique that is motivated by the behaviorist sensibility and control philosophy, where a learner can achieve an objective by interacting with the environment. Next-generation dense WLANs like the IEEE 802.11ax high-efficiency WLAN are expected to confront ultra-dense diverse user environments and radically new applications. To satisfy the diverse requirements of such dense WLANs, it is anticipated that prospective WLANs will freely access the best channel resources with the assistance of self-scrutinized wireless channel condition inference. Channel collision handling is one of the major obstacles for future WLANs due to the increase in density of the users. Therefore, in this paper, we propose DRL as an intelligent paradigm for MAC layer resource allocation in dense WLANs. One of the DRL models, Q-learning (QL), is used to optimize the performance of channel observation-based MAC protocols in dense WLANs. An intelligent QL-based resource allocation ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${i}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> QRA) mechanism is proposed for MAC layer channel access in dense WLANs. The performance of the proposed mechanism is evaluated through extensive simulations. Simulation results indicate that the proposed intelligent paradigm learns diverse WLAN environments and optimizes performance, compared to conventional non-intelligent MAC protocols. The performance of the proposed <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${i}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> QRA mechanism is evaluated in diverse WLANs with throughput, channel access delay, and fairness as performance metrics.
Domain Specific Language Approach on Model-driven Development of Web Services (2014)

As modern distributed and cloud architecture keep gaining their popularity, web services have become the programmatic backbones of more and more systems.Developing web services requires gathering information from different aspects.Model-driven engineering promises to ease the burden of development and promote reuse of web services by focusing more on a higher level of abstraction.Current approach of modeling web services using UML is not well-suited since UML is created for multiple disciplines and is not specific for web service development.With current growing scale of distributed systems, the challenge is not only in development but also integration and maintenance of web services.Introducing a domain specific language (DSL) for modeling of web services promises to become a novel approach and could be the solution to the current problem with web service modeling and development.This article outlines the analysis as well as the current state of the problem domain and introduces an approach to model-driven development of web services by implementing a domain specific language called SWSM (Simple Web Service Modeling).This approach aims to solve problems that UML could not effectively resolve and promote efficiency with a non-complex language facility for modeling and code generation of web services.Our best practices and observation during the design of SWSM are also presented.
Solid-state and solution phase metathetical synthesis of copper indium chalcogenides (1998)

Copper indium chalcogenides, of the type CuInE2 (E=S, Se and Te), have been successfully prepared by solid-state and solution phase metathetical reactions of CuBr or CuCl2 , InCl3 and the appropriate sodium chalcogenide (Na2E). The copper indium chalcogenides were analysed by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and FTIR spectroscopy.
A multiresolution generalized maximum likelihood approach for the detection of unknown transient multichannel signals in colored noise with unknown covariance (2002)

The problem of detecting transient signals of unknown waveforms has been widely studied in recent years due to the numerous applications associated with it. In particular, the detection of neural spikes using a recording array of closely spaced sensors in the brain is one such application. In this paper, we propose a new approach for solving this problem when no apriori knowledge is given about the signal and/or the noise processes. By extending our previous multiresolution analysis framework for noise suppression and source identification [1,2], we show that it is feasible to achieve reasonable detection performance in low SNR scenarios. Comparison to traditional detection schemes is presented and the overall performance is evaluated.
Determination of the molecular weight of polymethyl methacrylate by end‐group analysis (1963)

Abstract The polymerization of methyl methacrylate, using γ,γ′‐azo‐(γ‐cyano‐ n ‐valeric acid) as initiator has been studied at 90 and 100°C. in dimethyl formamide solution. Several samples of polymethyl methacrylate of low molecular weight (below the osmotic pressure range) have been prepared under a variety of conditions in the presence of the above initiator. The molecular weights of the samples have been determined by viscosity and end‐group titrations, both for fractionated and unfractionated samples. The results are then compared with those obtained by other authors. It was found that for unfractionated polymer samples equation: M̄ n = 1.99·10 5 ·[η] 1.46 of E VANS et al. seems to hold good. For sharp fractions, the relationship: M̄ n = 2.81·10 5 [η] 1.32 of the same authors appears to give reasonably good correspondence.
An Evaluation of Trajectory Prediction Approaches and Notes on the TrajNet Benchmark (2018)

In recent years, there is a shift from modeling the tracking problem based on Bayesian formulation towards using deep neural networks. Towards this end, in this paper the effectiveness of various deep neural networks for predicting future pedestrian paths are evaluated. The analyzed deep networks solely rely, like in the traditional approaches, on observed tracklets without human-human interaction information. The evaluation is done on the publicly available TrajNet benchmark dataset, which builds up a repository of considerable and popular datasets for trajectory-based activity forecasting. We show that a Recurrent-Encoder with a Dense layer stacked on top, referred to as RED-predictor, is able to achieve sophisticated results compared to elaborated models in such scenarios. Further, we investigate failure cases and give explanations for observed phenomena and give some recommendations for overcoming demonstrated shortcomings.
5G Experimental Trials for Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications Using New Frame Structure (2018)

The fifth generation mobile communications (5G) systems will need to support the ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) to enable future mission-critical applications, e.g., self-driving cars and remote control. With the aim of verifying the feasibility of URLLC related 5G requirements in real environments, field trials of URLLC using a new frame structure are conducted in Yokohama, Japan. In this paper, we present the trial results and investigate the impact of the new frame structure and retransmission method on the URLLC performance. To reduce the user-plane latency and improve the packet success probability, a wider subcarrier spacing, self-contained frame structure, and acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement-less (ACK/NACK-less) retransmission are adopted. We verify the feasibility of URLLC in actual field tests using our prototype test-bed while implementing these techniques. The results show that for the packet size of 32 bytes the URLLC related requirements defined by the 3GPP are satisfied even at low signal-to-noise ratios or at non-line-of-sight transmission.
Webpage understanding (2007)

Recent work has shown the effectiveness of leveraging layout and tag-tree structure for segmenting webpages and labeling HTML elements. However, how to effectively segment and label the text contents inside HTML elements is still an open problem. Since many text contents on a webpage are often text fragments and not strictly grammatical, traditional natural language processing techniques, that typically expect grammatical sentences, are no longer directly applicable. In this paper, we examine how to use layout and tag-tree structure in a principled way to help understand text contents on webpages. We propose to segment and label the page structure and the text content of a webpage in a joint discriminative probabilistic model. In this model, semantic labels of page structure can be leveraged to help text content understanding, and semantic labels ofthe text phrases can be used in page structure understanding tasks such as data record detection. Thus, integration of both page structure and text content understanding leads to an integrated solution of webpage understanding. Experimental results on research homepage extraction show the feasibility and promise of our approach.
Investigation of a Two-Stage Injection Process to Reduce the Effects of In-Plane Resin Flow (2002)

This paper is a discussion of a manufacturing technique that reduces dependency on in-plane resin flow, allowing greatly reduced injection times, increased injected resin volume per port (reducing the number of ports required), and allows relatively higher fiber volume content. This method uses a two-stage injection process. The first stage injects resin into a vacuum evacuated “pool” outside of the plane of the fabric. Pressure is then applied outside of a flexible film, forcing resin into the fabric in the thickness direction. Since resin is not required to flow in the plane of the fabric, relatively high volumetric flow rates are possible during the injection stage. The hydrostatic pressure on the flexible film results in part-to-part and spatially consistent high volume content. This process has also shown to be less sensitive to fabric and manufacturing inconsistencies than traditional two-sided mold RTM, and has been used to successfully manufacture parts using difficult-to-RTM materials such as bonded fabrics. Drawbacks of this process include increased mold and process complexities, poor surface finish on one side of the part, and increased complexity of process tuning.
The CT20 peptide causes detachment and death of metastatic breast cancer cells by promoting mitochondrial aggregation and cytoskeletal disruption (2014)

Metastasis accounts for most deaths from breast cancer, driving the need for new therapeutics that can impede disease progression. Rationally designed peptides that take advantage of cancer-specific differences in cellular physiology are an emerging technology that offer promise as a treatment for metastatic breast cancer. We developed CT20p, a hydrophobic peptide based on the C terminus of Bax that exhibits similarities with antimicrobial peptides, and previously reported that CT20p has unique cytotoxic actions independent of full-length Bax. In this study, we identified the intracellular actions of CT20p which precede cancer cell-specific detachment and death. Previously, we found that CT20p migrated in the heavy membrane fractions of cancer cell lysates. Here, using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we demonstrated that CT20p localizes to the mitochondria, leading to fusion-like aggregation and mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization. As a result, the distribution and movement of mitochondria in CT20p-treated MDA-MB-231 cells was markedly impaired, particularly in cell protrusions. In contrast, CT20p did not associate with the mitochondria of normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells, causing little change in the mitochondrial membrane potential, morphology or localization. In MDA-MB-231 cells, CT20p triggered cell detachment that was preceded by decreased levels of α5β1 integrins and reduced F-actin polymerization. Using folate-targeted nanoparticles to encapsulate and deliver CT20p to murine tumors, we achieved significant tumor regression within days of peptide treatment. These results suggest that CT20p has application in the treatment of metastatic disease as a cancer-specific therapeutic peptide that perturbs mitochondrial morphology and movement ultimately culminating in disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, cell detachment, and loss of cell viability.