gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ligand Migration in the Truncated Hemoglobin-II from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2008)

Resonance Raman studies show that the heme-bound CO in trHbO, a truncated-II hemoglobin from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is exposed to an environment with a positive electrostatic potential. The mutation of Trp(G8), an absolutely conserved residue in group II and III truncated hemoglobins, to Phe introduces two new Fe-CO conformers, both of which exhibit reduced electrostatic potentials. Computer simulations reveal that the structural perturbation is a result of the increased flexibility of the Tyr(CD1) and Leu(E11) side chains due to the reduction of the size of the G8 residue. Laser flash photolysis studies show that the G8 mutation induces 1) the presence of two new geminate recombination phases, one with a rate faster than the time resolution of our instrument and the other with a rate 13-fold slower than that of the wild type protein, and 2) the reduction of the total geminate recombination yield from 86 to 62% and the increase in the bimolecular recombination rate by a factor of 530. Computer simulations uncover that the photodissociated ligand migrates between three distal temporary docking sites before it subsequently rebinds to the heme iron or ultimately escapes into the solvent via a hydrophobic tunnel. The calculated energy profiles associated with the ligand migration processes are in good agreement with the experimental observations. The results highlight the importance of the Trp(G8) in regulating ligand migration in trHbO, underscoring its pivotal role in the structural and functional properties of the group II and III truncated hemoglobins.
Percepción de los alumnos de 5º de psicopedagogía sobre las TIC en la orientación educativa (2007)

La sociedad actual, por muchos denominada Sociedad de la Informacion (Masuda, 1984), se
caracteriza, entre otros aspectos, por los frecuentes y rapidos cambios en todos los sectores sociales
(economia, ciencia, cultura, empleo, educacion,�). Uno de los elementos impulsores de este dinamismo ha
sido la gran difusion de las Tecnologias de la Informacion y de la Comunicacion (TIC), que, con Internet al
frente, han contribuido a desarrollar nuevos espacios y tiempos en los que se realizan las interacciones
sociales (Negroponte, 1995; Adell, 1997; Castells, 1997; Marques, 2000a; Echeverria, 2001; Cabero, 2002;
Coll, 2005; etc.).
Todas estas transformaciones exigen al sistema educativo la preparacion de personas que sean
capaces de manejarse dentro de este dinamismo, donde la informacion y el conocimiento se convierten en
valores prioritarios a gestionar, y donde el aprender a lo largo de toda la vida se convierte en tarea
indispensable (Delors, 1996). Asi mismo, el impacto de las TIC, no solo implica nuevas concepciones sobre
la educacion en las escuelas (alfabetizacion digital, aprender a aprender,�), sino que transforma el propio
espacio-tiempo, ampliando el radio de accion de estas mas alla de su estructura fisica, gracias a la educacion
a distancia, las comunidades de aprendizaje a traves de la red, las multiples vias y mecanismos para acceder
a la informacion y al conocimiento, etc. (Marques, 2000b-d). Todo ello implica, ademas, que el profesorado
y el alumnado asuman nuevos roles, que distan de los modelos tradicionales de transmision de
conocimientos, donde el profesor es el centro del proceso de ensenanza y aprendizaje, para ceder el
protagonismo al alumno (Cabero, 2000).
Fast cross-correlation method for real time detection of fetal heart rate (2002)

To detect fetal heart rate (FHR) with high accuracy and low computational complexity, we propose a method based on the cross-correlation technique. The method consists of two procedures. First, the cross-correlation between two adjacent segments of an input sample at various lengths is computed to obtain the pitch period. Second, the FHR is estimated by finding the location of the first maximum in the cross-correlation values. These procedures differ from the conventional methods in that the FHR is computed with an input sample shifted by a certain amount compared to the previous fetal heart period interval. In experiments, results from conventional methods, the autocorrelation function (ACF) method and the average magnitude difference function (AMDF) method are obtained and compared with the proposed method for the purpose of evaluating its performance, and we confirmed that the proposed method gives an improved FHR with high accuracy.
Transition from Crazing to Shear Deformation in Star Block Copolymers (2002)

Polystyrene-b-n-butyl methacrylate, PS-b-PBMA, star block copolymers having different strengths of segregation are investigated with respect to their deformation behavior. Disordered block copolymers are deformed by craze mechanism corresponding to the glassy homopolymer comprising the block copolymer. At the order−disorder transition (ODT), a transition from crazing to shear deformation is observed. Closer investigations reveal the shear yielding of lamellar grains with different orientations. This observation is clearly in contrast to deformation behavior of diblock copolymers that show a cavitation mechanism. Shear deformation in microphase-separated star block copolymers demonstrates the influence of molecular architecture on deformation behavior. Tensile properties of star block copolymers are compared with di- and triblock copolymers. It is found that star block architecture results in an increase of strain at break compared to di- and triblock copolymers. The yield stress is lower compared to triblock copolymers, indicating the influence of architecture and entanglements.
Inhibition of hormone secretion in GH-secreting pituitary adenomas by receptor-subtype specific somatostatin analogues in vitro. (2003)

The aim of the study was to determine the inhibitory effects of somatostatin analogues with relative specificity to somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) (BIM-23197), subtype 5 (SSTR5) (BIM-23268), and their combination on GH and PRL secretion in acromegalic adenomas in vitro. Three types of answer were observed: 1. In one resistant adenoma no inhibition was achieved. 2. The GH secretion in six adenomas was suppressed significantly more (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001 using Mann-Whitney U-test in concentration range of 10(-12) to 10(-8) mol/l) with SSTR2 specific analogue BIM-23197 with no additive effect of compounds combination. 3. In three adenomas the potency of BIM-23197 and BIM-23268 was almost equal and the combination of these SSTR2 and SSTR5 specific compounds had statistically significant additive effect (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01 in concentration range of 10(-12) to 10(-8) mol/l). PRL secretion of five adenomas was more suppressed with SSTR5 specific BIM-23268 (statistically significant in concentrations 10(-10) to 10(-8) mol/l). In conclusion the somatostatin analogue BIM-23268 had an additive effect on suppression of GH secretion in a subset of adenomas, where both SSTR2 and SSTR5 were involved. This effect was not observed in the majority of tumours, where the inhibitory effect seems to be mediated via SSTR2 only.
A functional program describing a simple reservoir model and its potential for parallel computation (2002)

Results of using a functional programming language, Miranda, to solve a simple reservoir modeling problem are presented. The algorithm uses Miranda's function form to determine a parallel decomposition of a reservoir modeling problem. There is discussion on both discerning the parallel decomposition and the ease of specifying the problem in functional form. Finite element discretization of a reservoir model yields linear equations of the form Ax=b, where A is a large, sparse, banded matrix, and x and b are dense vectors. Each step of the simulation uses the conjugate gradient method to solve the sparse linear system. Matrices are represented as quads in Miranda to take advantage of their sparsity. Vectors are represented as lists of numbers. Other data structures yielded worse performance. Results of simulations for reservoirs which yield sparse matrices up to size 4096*4096 and estimates for matrices up to size 262144*262144 are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Volatile components from tristearin heated in air (1975)

Abstract Tristearin was heated to 192 C in air, and its volatile oxidation products were collected directly on a cooled (−60 C) gas liquid chromatography column. Subsequently, the volatile products were separated by temperature programing up to 250 C and identified by mass spectrometry. Methyl ketones and aldehydes were the major degradation products along with minor amounts of monobasic acids, n‐hydrocarbons, primary alcohols, and γ‐lactones. Qualitative results indicated all the fatty acid methylene carbon atoms are susceptible to oxidation. Quantities of aldehydes and ketones were found to be in excess of their taste threshold concentrations, suggesting thermally oxidized saturated fatty acids may be precursors of some odors and flavors associated with heated lipids.
Antinuclear antibodies in infectious diseases (2019)

<b>Introduction:</b> Antinuclear antibody (ANA) tests are widely used for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, but ANAs are also commonly found in patients with various infections. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between infections and ANA status.<b>Methods:</b> Patients that visited the Department of Infectious Diseases at Inha University Hospital between January 2007 and July 2018 were investigated. We analysed their ANA test results and reviewed rheumatic and infectious diagnoses of patients with positive ANA findings.<b>Results:</b> Of the 9,320 patients during the study period, 1,111 underwent ANA testing and 110 tested positive. Seven of the 110 patients were previously diagnosed with ANA-positive disease, and 21 were diagnosed with autoimmune disease during the present study. Of the remaining 82 patients, 43 were confirmed with infectious disease. The most common pathogen was <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>n</i> = 10), followed by <i>Treponema pallidum</i> (<i>n</i> = 5), <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> (<i>n</i> = 5), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>n</i> = 5), <i>Bartonella henselae</i> (<i>n</i> = 3), and human immunodeficiency virus (<i>n</i> = 3). Of the 39 patients without a confirmed pathogen, 7 were seropositive for <i>O. tsutsugamushi</i>, <i>B. henselae</i>, or <i>Rickettsia spp.</i> Patients were observed at an average of 24 weeks in our hospital. One patient developed systemic lupus erythematosus after being diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis, and another patient developed adult-onset Still's disease after being diagnosed with scrub typhus.<b>Conclusion:</b> This study showed that various relationships exist between infections and rheumatic diseases. In particular, several patients with a positive ANA test result were found to have intracellular infections such as mycobacterial infections, syphilis, or scrub typhus.
Zero-voltage-switched push-pull DC-DC converter (2002)

A novel zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) push-pull DC-DC converter with two synchronous rectifiers in the secondary circuit is presented. ZVS is realized using the magnetizing current of the transformer as a current source during the commutation. The output circuit is isolated and the output voltage is controlled by pulsewidth modulation (PWM) with a constant frequency. The synchronous rectifier is employed to get a low forward voltage drop in the rectification. The abnormal increase of the output voltage in the low output current region which is caused by the interaction between the magnetizing current of the transformer and the output inductor current is eliminated. The circuit operation is analyzed in detail and confirmed experimentally.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fractionation of nucleosomes by salt elution from micrococcal nuclease-digested nuclei. (1978)

The solubilization of nucleosomes and histone H1 with increasing concentrations of NaCl has been investigated in rat liver nuclei that had been digested with micrococcal nuclease under conditions that did not substantially alter morphological properties with respect to differences in the extent of chromatin condensation. The pattern of nucleosome and H1 solubilization was gradual and noncoordinate and at least three different types of nucleosome packing interactions could be distinguished from the pattern. A class of nucleosomes containing 13--17% of the DNA and comprising the chromatin structures most available for micrococcal nuclease attack was eluted by 0.2 M NaCl. This fraction was solubilized with an acid-soluble protein of apparent molecular weight of 20,000 daltons and no histone H1. It differed from the nucleosomes released at higher NaCl concentrations in content of nonhistone chromosomal proteins. 40--60% of the nucleosomes were released by 0.3 M NaCl with 30% of the total nuclear histone H1 bound. The remaining nucleosomes and H1 were solublized by 0.4 M or 0.6 M NaCl. H1 was not nucleosome bound at these ionic strengths, and these fractions contained, respectively, 1.5 and 1.8 times more H1 per nucleosome than the population released by 0.3 M NaCl. These fractions contained the DNA least available for micrococcal nuclease attach. The strikingly different macromolecular composition, availability for nuclease digestion, and strength of the packing interactions of the nucleosomes released by 0.2 M NaCl suggest that this population is involved in a special function.
A novel approach to dual damascene patterning (2003)

In this paper, we present and discuss a novel approach to dual damascene patterning based on the invention of SLAM (Sacrificial Light Absorbing Material). We will focus on dual damascene patterning problems that led to the invention of SLAM, and present a side-by-side comparison of the patterning performance of SLAM-assisted dual damascene patterning and a Bottom Anti-Reflective Coating (BARC), the industry's primary approach. SLAM-assisted dual damascene patterning is an enabling technology for Intel's 130 nm technology and beyond.
Validation of High Throughput Screening Assays Against Three Subtypes of Ca <sub>v</sub> 3 T-Type Channels Using Molecular and Pharmacologic Approaches (2007)

T-type Ca(2+) channels encoded by voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel (Ca(v)) 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 genes play important physiological roles and serve as therapeutic targets for neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Currently there is no selective T-channel blocker. To screen for such a blocker, we developed three stable cell lines expressing human recombinant Ca(v)3.1, 3.2, or 3.3 channels and then examined their usefulness in high throughput screens. All three cell lines displayed an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) in response to changes in extracellular Ca(2+) as detected with Ca(2+)-sensitive dyes using a fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR [Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA] or FlexStation [Molecular Devices]). The signal-to-noise ratio was 2-4. Co-expression of Ca(v)3.2 with a mouse leak K(+) channel, which by virtue of being open at rest hyperpolarizes the cell membrane, blocked the fluorescent signal. Co-addition of KCl to these cells induced a Ca(2+) signal that was similar to that observed in the cell line expressing Ca(v)3.2 alone. These results confirm that the detection of intracellular Ca(2+) increase in cells expressing Ca(v)3.2 alone results from Ca(2+) entry through channels that are open at the resting membrane potential of each cell line (i.e., window currents). Testing known drugs on Ca(v)3 channels showed that block could be reliably detected using the FlexStation assay, FLIPR assay, or voltage clamp recordings using the IonWorks HT system (Molecular Devices). These results support the use of the FLIPR window current assay for primary drug screening and high throughput patch recordings for secondary screening of novel T-channel blockers.
Block Pruning For Faster Transformers (2021)

Pre-training has improved model accuracy for both classification and generation tasks at the cost of introducing much larger and slower models. Pruning methods have proven to be an effective way of reducing model size, whereas distillation methods are proven for speeding up inference. We introduce a block pruning approach targeting both small and fast models. Our approach extends structured methods by considering blocks of any size and integrates this structure into the movement pruning paradigm for fine-tuning. We find that this approach learns to prune out full components of the underlying model, such as attention heads. Experiments consider classification and generation tasks, yielding among other results a pruned model that is a 2.4x faster, 74% smaller BERT on SQuAD v1, with a 1% drop on F1, competitive both with distilled models in speed and pruned models in size.
Lactate and Pyruvate Catabolism in Acetic Acid Bacteria (1962)

SUMMARY: The enzymic mechanism of D-and L-lactate catabolism was the same in several strains of Acetobacter and Gluconobacter. This was taken to indicate a close relationship between these groups. Both isomers were broken down by way of pyruvate and acetaldehyde to acetate. Identical reactions were carried out by two sets of enzymes of a different nature and localization, one particulate, the other soluble. All strains contained a constitutive, soluble pyruvate decarboxylase which required thiamine pyrophosphate and Mg++. When grown on lactate, a pyruvate decarboxylase was also present in the particulate fraction. No evidence was found for a pyruvate oxidase system. Acetaldehyde was oxidized by a particulate oxidase system and by NADP-and NAD-linked dehydrogenases. This last enzyme was activated by coenzyme A and glutathione. The particulate pyruvate decarboxylase was not very tightly bound to the particles, as it could easily be detached by washing with buffer. The oxidase systems could not be removed under these conditions.
Molecular weight determination of pyrrole-based polymers (1984)

A. Nazzal and G. B. Street, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1984, 83 DOI: 10.1039/C39840000083
The beam line architecture of the VIISta 810 medium current ion implanter (2003)

The VIISta 810 medium current ion implanter beam line has been designed to produce beam currents from 2 /spl mu/A to 5 mA with energies from 2 keV to 810 keV. The beam is 200 mm or 300 mm wide on wafer, uniform to better than 0.5% (1/spl sigma/ RMS) and parallel to better than 0.7/spl deg/. The system uses a novel beam line architecture to address the stringent limitations on particle, metal, energy and cross contamination for sub 180 nm line width device requirements. The beam line architecture and optics are presented and performance data reviewed.
Lymphomagenesis in the SCID-hu mouse involves abundant production of human interleukin-10 (1995)

Both human (hu) and viral (v) interleukin-10 (IL-10) appear to be important cofactors in the survival and growth of lymphoblastoid cell lines infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). When mice with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) are injected with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from normal individuals who are seropositive for EBV, the majority of hu-PBL-SCID mice will develop an EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease (EBV-LPD) of human B-cell origin, not unlike some cases of EBV-LPD that are seen in immunocompromised individuals. The role of huIL-10 or vIL-10 in this chimeric mouse model of EBV-LPD is unknown. In the present study, we show that hu-PBL-SCID mice that develop EBV-LPD have significant elevation of serum huIL-10 levels compared with mice that do not develop EBV-LPD (P = .005). vIL-10 was undetectable in all animals. The EBV+ tumor samples express transcript for huIL-10 and huIL-10 receptor, express huIL-10 protein by immunohistochemical staining, and show specific binding of recombinant (r) huIL-10. In vitro analysis of the functional consequences of rhuIL-10 binding to IL-10 receptors on fresh EBV+ tumor cells shows that rhuIL-10 can prevent programmed cell death as well as promote proliferation and can do so at concentrations of huIL-10 found in vivo. Thus, huIL-10 production by EBV+ tumor cells may contribute directly to their malignant outgrowth in the hu-PBL-SCID mouse by two autocrine mechanisms: prevention of programmed cell death and proliferation. The implications of such findings with regard to EBV-LPD in humans is discussed.
Purification, Partial Characterization, and Cloning of Nitric Oxide-carrying Heme Proteins (Nitrophorins) from Salivary Glands of the Blood-sucking Insect Rhodnius prolixus (1995)

Four nitric oxide (NO)-carrying proteins have been isolated from salivary glands of the blood-sucking insect Rhodnius prolixus. These have been given the collective name "nitrophorins," and individual proteins are designated NP1-NP4 in order of their relative abundance in the glands. All four reversibly bind NO; spectral shifts associated with NO binding indicate the interaction of NO with an Fe(III) heme. Physical properties, amino acid composition, and amino-terminal sequences of the nitrophorins are reported. The most abundant nitrophorin was cloned, and its sequence was determined.
Effect of V-addition and Re-addition On the Creep-properties of Gamma/gamma'-alpha Eutectic Composites (1993)

Alloying a ternary monovariant Ni-Al-Mo eutectic alloy with vanadium and rhenium has been investigated as a means to increase the creep strength at elevated temperature. The creep properties of directionally solidified eutectic gamma/gamma'-alpha alloys with nominal composition Ni-31Mo-6A1, Ni-32Mo-6Al-1.4V and Ni-30Mo-6A1-1.6V-1.2Re (wt.%) have been determined using strain rate change test. The tests were conducted under vacuum at temperatures between 1223 and 1323 K. Comparison of the stress-strain rate behaviour to that for directionally solidified Ni-Al-Mo eutectic alloy has revealed that the additions of vanadium and rhenium increase the steady-state stress at given creep rate and temperature by 11 to 20%. This improvement is higher at higher temperatures and lower creep rates. The steady-state stress has been found to depend strongly on creep rate and temperature. The measured power law exponents varied between 6.7 and 7.9 over the studied temperature range. The activation energies for creep were calculated to range between 471 and 517 kJmol(-1). The ductility of these eutectic composites was high, typically ranging from 40 to 60% reduction of area and from 15 to 38% elongation..
Red cell volume and cardiac output in anaemic preterm infants. (1990)

To test the hypothesis that haemoglobin concentration is a poor predictor of benefit from transfusion in preterm infants, and that red cell volume is the most important indicator of anaemia, 24 preterm infants receiving red cell transfusions had red cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, and cardiac output measured before and after transfusion. Red cell volume was measured either using dilution of autologous fetal haemoglobin with donor adult haemoglobin, or with a new technique using biotin as a red cell label. The two techniques give similar results. Mean (SD) values before transfusion were 27.4 (13.3), and after transfusion 45.0 (13.7) ml/kg. Cardiac output was measured using imaging and Doppler ultrasonography, and fell with transfusion from mean 286 (121) to 251 (95.6) ml/kg/min. The red cell volume before transfusion correlated well with changes in cardiac output following transfusion, infants with a red cell volume before transfusion of less than 25 ml/kg showing a fall in cardiac output, and those with a red cell volume of greater than 25 ml/kg not showing a significant fall. There was no correlation between haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, or change in packed cell volume with changes in cardiac output after transfusion. A red cell volume of 25 ml/kg seems to be critical in preterm infants with anaemia, and infants with values below this are those most likely to benefit from transfusion.