gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review: A Role for the FGF Receptor in the Axonal Growth Response Stimulated by Cell Adhesion Molecules? (1996)

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) have been shown to stimulate axonal growth. The molecular basis of this response has been extensively studied and a range of agents that promote or inhibit CAM stimulated axonal growth have now been identified. These studies have led to the suggestion that following homophilic and/or heterophilic interactions CAM specific signal transduction pathways are activated which are directly responsible for promotion of axonal growth. In this review we will suggest that the axonal growth response stimulated by three CAMs (NCAM, N-cadherin and L1) can be operationally divided into a number of phases. During the first phase homophilic and/or heterophilic binding between the CAMs expressed on the axonal growth cone and cellular substrate take place. This is followed by an interaction of the neuronal CAMs with the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), leading to receptor activation by autophosphorylation. This results in the recruitment and activation of additional effector molecules via interactions of their SH2 domains with the activated receptor. In this context the key event in terms of neurite outgrowth appears to be the activation of phospholipase C gamma (PLC gamma) which sets into motion a second messenger cascade that ultimately leads to a modification, most likely by phosphorylation, of cytoskeletal elements that are involved in growth cone motility.
Translocation of Rac correlates with NADPH oxidase activation. Evidence for equimolar translocation of oxidase components. (1993)

Activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system of human neutrophils involves the assembly of several neutrophil components, some located on the plasma membrane and others in the cytosol. It has recently been established that one of the required components for NADPH oxidase activity is the GTP-binding protein Rac. To further investigate the role of Rac in the NADPH oxidase system, studies were carried out to determine its subcellular distribution in resting and activated human neutrophils. In resting cells, Rac and an associated guanine nucleotide regulatory factor, GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI), were located only in the cytosol, along with other known oxidase factors, p47-phox and p67-phox. After activation of neutrophils with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, Rac was translocated from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, and this translocation corresponded temporally with the translocation of p47-phox and p67-phox and with the generation of superoxide. GDI remained localized to the cytosol, suggesting activation of the oxidase involved dissociation of the Rac-GDI complex prior to Rac translocation. Determination of the quantities of cytosolic factors associated with the plasma membrane indicated that Rac, p47-phox, and p67-phox are translocated to the plasma membrane simultaneously in equimolar amounts, but that the membrane-associated cytochrome b was present at 3-4-fold molar excess. These findings suggest that Rac may play a role in assembly of the active NADPH oxidase complex.
Immunoglobulin G Fc-receptor (FcγR) IIA and IIIB polymorphisms related to disability in MS (1999)

The results implicate FcgammaRIIIB and to a lesser extent FcgammaRIIA as disease-modifying genes in MS. FcgammaRIIIB NA1/NA1 and FcgammaRIIA H/H bind more efficient IgG1/IgG3 and IgG2 subclasses, respectively, than FcgammaRIIIB NA2/NA2 and FcgammaRIIA R/R. A more effective processing of circulating immune complexes may be one mechanism for better clinical outcome in MS.
Quantification of UV‐Induced Erythema and Pigmentation Using Computer‐Assisted Digital Image Evaluation (2006)

Photography has been used in human skin research for some time. With the advent of digital photography in recent years, its use has increased. However, the focus has now turned from documentation to actual analysis and quantification of skin color changes. The advantages of digital photography outweigh any shortcomings as long as consistent, standardized procedures are followed and quality control is implemented. We present a simple procedure to standardize images and discuss a computer-assisted digital image evaluation (CADIE) technique to quantify skin color changes following UV exposure. The CADIE approach is illustrated with examples from two different studies on UV responses in human skin. Using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*a*b* color coordinate system in combination with a personal computer and image-editing software, we analyzed digital images obtained in these two studies. We demonstrate the feasibility of using digital photography for objective evaluation of UV erythema in different racial/ethnic groups and for measuring pigmentation changes caused by repeated exposures over a period of several weeks. Our results indicate how objective assessment using CADIE can be an adjunct to visual and optical observation in clinical and scientific evaluations.
[The role of neoadjuvant treatment prior to radical prostatectomy]. (1992)

Preoperative hormonal therapy has been recently advocated, but remain controversial. The aim purpose is to achieve downstaging, downgrading and improvement of the surgical results. In the last 80 patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy, 28 had preoperative androgen deprivation, for a period ranging from 2 to 12 months with a mean treatment time of 3 months. Medical castration was obtained with total androgen deprivation. Return to normal value of PSA level in 90% cases and to undetectable level (< 0.25) in 39% of cases, expressing probably reduction of the tumor activity. Total prostatic volume is reduced by 30-50% after three months of treatment. The operative procedure was facilitated by an easier dissection, reducing operative time and blood loss. Recovery of postoperative continence was achieved in a significantly shorter period of time (3 months) as compared with the untreated patients (9 months). Immediate continence was obtained in 70% of patients treated preoperatively. No tumor was found in one specimen but no change was observed in the histological grading of the tumor in all the patients. This present study indicates the interest of a large scale randomized study, in order to show the real benefits of neoadjuvant hormonal treatment in prostate cancer patients.
Three-Dimensional Invisibility Cloak at Optical Wavelengths (2010)

We have designed and realized a three-dimensional invisibility-cloaking structure operating at optical wavelengths based on transformation optics. Our blueprint uses a woodpile photonic crystal with a tailored polymer filling fraction to hide a bump in a gold reflector. We fabricated structures and controls by direct laser writing and characterized them by simultaneous high-numerical-aperture, far-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy. A cloaking operation with a large bandwidth of unpolarized light from 1.4 to 2.7 micrometers in wavelength is demonstrated for viewing angles up to 60 degrees.
Novel Intermode Prediction Algorithm for High Efficiency Video Coding Encoder (2014)

The joint collaborative team on video coding (JCT-VC) is developing the next-generation video coding standard which is called high efficiency video coding (HEVC). In the HEVC, there are three units in block structure: coding unit (CU), prediction unit (PU), and transform unit (TU). The CU is the basic unit of region splitting like macroblock (MB). Each CU performs recursive splitting into four blocks with equal size, starting from the tree block. In this paper, we propose a fast CU depth decision algorithm for HEVC technology to reduce its computational complexity. In<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">2</mml:mn><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">2</mml:mn><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:math> PU, the proposed method compares the rate-distortion (RD) cost and determines the depth using the compared information. Moreover, in order to speed up the encoding time, the efficient merge SKIP detection method is developed additionally based on the contextual mode information of neighboring CUs. Experimental result shows that the proposed algorithm achieves the average time-saving factor of 44.84% in the random access (RA) at Main profile configuration with the HEVC test model (HM) 10.0 reference software. Compared to HM 10.0 encoder, a small BD-bitrate loss of 0.17% is also observed without significant loss of image quality.
Hybrid Lanthanide Nanoparticles with Paramagnetic Shell Coated on Upconversion Fluorescent Nanocrystals (2009)

Nanoparticles comprising of fluorescent probes and MRI contrast agents are highly desirable for biomedical applications due to their ability to be detected at different modes, optically and magnetically. However, most fluorescent probes in such nanoparticles synthesized so far are down-conversion phosphors such as organic dyes and quantum dots, which are known to display many intrinsic limitations. Here, we report a core-shell hybrid lanthanide nanoparticle consisting of an upconverting lanthanide nanocrystal core and a paramagnetic lanthanide complex shell. These nanoparticles are uniform in size, stable in water, and show both high MR relaxivities and upconversion fluorescence, which may have the potential to serve as a versatile imaging tool for smart detection or diagnosis in future biomedical engineering.
Single-step direct PCR amplification from solid tissues (1995)

Journal Article Single-step direct PCR amplification from solid tissues Get access Yong Shu Liu, Yong Shu Liu * University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Western Hospital, FootscrayVictoria 3011, Australia * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert J. S. Thomasand, Robert J. S. Thomasand University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Western Hospital, FootscrayVictoria 3011, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wayne A. Phillips Wayne A. Phillips University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Western Hospital, FootscrayVictoria 3011, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 23, Issue 9, 11 May 1995, Page 1640, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.9.1640 Published: 11 May 1995 Article history Received: 22 February 1995 Accepted: 21 March 1995 Published: 11 May 1995
Optimal stimulus duration for the H reflex (1989)

Authorities advocate different stimulus durations to produce an H reflex. In order to find the optimal stimulus duration for recording H reflexes, the recruitment curves for H reflexes and M responses were studied in 10 healthy subjects. The H reflex was recorded in the upper and lower extremities, and the durations of the electrical stimulus used ranged from 0.1 to 3 msec. The amplitude of the H reflex and the relation between the H reflex and M response changed with stimulus duration. H reflexes are brought out to advantage using a stimulus duration between 0.5 and 1 msec.
The Reduction of Cyanides (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reduction of CyanidesL. A. Walter and S. M. McElvainCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1934, 56, 7, 1614–1616Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01322a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01322a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views603Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
For Vision-Based Human Computer Interaction (2001)

In the evolution of user interfaces, keyboards were the primary devices in text-based user interfaces, and then the invention of the mouse brought us the graphical user interface. What is the counterpart of the mouse when we are trying to explore three-dimensional (3-D) virtual environments (VEs)? In many current VE applications, keyboards, mice, wands, and joysticks are the common controlling and navigating devices. However, to some extent, such mechanical devices are inconvenient and unsuitable for natural and direct interaction, because it is difficult for these devices to supply 3-D and high degree of freedom inputs. Although magnetic trackers are being used as sensors for 3-D inputs in some of these devices, they are prone to magnetic interference, and they only supply global motion information. A more convenient and natural device is desirable to achieve more immersive interaction. The use of hand gestures has become an important part of human computer interaction (HCI) in recent years [1], [24]. To use human hands as a natural interface device, some glove-based devices have been employed to capture human hand motion
Fast and cautious: leveraging multi-path diversity for transport loss recovery in data centers (2016)

To achieve low TCP flow completion time (FCT) in data center networks (DCNs), it is critical and challenging to rapidly recover loss without adding extra congestion. Therefore, in this paper we propose a novel loss recovery approach FUSO that exploits multi-path diversity in DCN for transport loss recovery. In FUSO, when a multi-path transport sender suspects loss on one sub-flow, recovery packets are immediately sent over another sub-flow that is not or less lossy and has spare congestion window slots. FUSO is fast in that it does not need to wait for timeout on the lossy sub-flow, and it is cautious in that it does not violate congestion control algorithm. Testbed experiments and simulations show that FUSO decreases the latency-sensitive flows' 99th percentile FCT by up to ∼82.3% in a 1Gbps testbed, and up to ∼87.9% in a 10Gpbs large-scale simulated network.
Factors contributing to large analgesic effects in placebo mechanism studies conducted between 2002 and 2007 (2009)

Recent meta-analyses find various magnitudes of placebo analgesia effects in placebo mechanism trials versus placebo control trials, which have led to debate. To further investigate the magnitude of placebo analgesia in placebo mechanism trials the databases "PubMed", "PsycINFO" and "Web of Science" (2002-2007) were searched with the term "placebo analgesia". Twenty-one articles including 24 studies fulfilled the selection criteria (concerning: mechanisms, control, placebo treatment, randomization and pain measures). The validity of studies was assessed by the authors and effect sizes were calculated via difference scores. The magnitude of placebo analgesia in placebo mechanism studies was large (d=1.00) and about five times larger than placebo analgesia effects in placebo control studies (d=0.15-0.27). Differences in magnitude between the two types of studies appear to result from different types of suggestions given for pain relief. The magnitude of placebo effects was larger in studies that used long-term pain stimuli >20s (d=0.96) as opposed to short-term stimuli (d=0.81) and the largest placebo effects were found in studies wherein hyperalgesia was present (d=1.88). These results replicate our previous finding that placebo analgesic effects are higher in mechanism studies than in placebo control studies. However, since magnitudes of placebo analgesic effects are highly variable it may be valuable to investigate the factors and mechanisms that contribute to this variability as well as differences in magnitudes across types of studies.
Effect of alosetron on responses to colonic distension in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (1998)

Alosetron increases the compliance of the colon to distension, and could thereby contribute to changes in perception of colonic distension and improvement in the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.
Tri- and tetradentate copper complexes: a comparative study on homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis over oxidation reactions (2014)

A comparative catalytic study between heterogeneous (zeolite-encapsulated Cu complexes) and homogeneous analogues over oxidation reactions was undertaken in detail.
Optimization-Based Design of Metal–Organic Framework Materials (2013)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials constructed from metal or metal oxide building blocks connected by organic linkers. MOFs are highly tunable structures that can in theory be custom designed to meet the specific pore geometry and chemistry required for a given application such as methane storage or carbon capture. However, due to the sheer number of potential materials, identification of optimal MOF structures is a significant challenge. In this contribution we describe an automated technique for MOF design based on mathematical optimization. Optimization is performed on linkers represented by abstract space-filling shapes, in order to generalize the desirable geometric parameters describing linkers, and optimal shapes are projected to real molecules to illustrate realistic MOFs exhibiting the calculated properties. Six examined topologies of MOF and two distinct geometrical pore properties relevant to guest adsorption phenomena are explored. We demonstrate that the optimal shapes of linkers depend on both the topology and the property of interest and moreover that synthetically challenging linkers are not necessary to achieve the most promising candidate materials.
Increased local dopamine secretion has growth‐promoting effects in cholangiocarcinoma (2009)

Cholangiocarcinoma is a devastating cancer of biliary origin with limited treatment options. Symptoms are usually evident after blockage of the bile duct by the tumor, and at this late stage, they are relatively resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Therefore, it is imperative that alternative treatment options are explored. We have previously shown that serotonin metabolism is dysregulated in cholangiocarcinoma leading to an increased secretion of serotonin, which has growth-promoting effects. Because serotonin and dopamine share the degradation machinery, we evaluated the secretion of dopamine from cholangiocarcinoma and its effects on cell proliferation. Using 4 cholangiocarcinoma cell lines and human biopsy samples, we demonstrated that there was an increase in mRNA and protein expression of the dopamine synthesis enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase in cholangiocarcinoma. There was increased dopamine secretion from cholangiocarcinoma cell lines compared to H69 and HIBEC cholangiocytes and increased dopamine immunoreactivity in human biopsy samples. Furthermore, administration of dopamine to all cholangiocarcinoma cell lines studied increased proliferation by up to 30%, which could be blocked by the pretreatment of the D2 and D4 dopamine receptor antagonists, whereas blocking dopamine production by alpha-methyldopa administration suppressed growth by up to 25%. Administration of alpha-methyldopa to nude mice also suppressed cholangiocarcinoma tumor growth. The data presented here represent the first evidence that dopamine metabolism is dysregulated in cholangiocarcinoma and that modulation of dopamine synthesis may represent an alternative target for the development of therapeutic strategies.
Highly Shape‐Selective Synthesis of Monodispersed Fivefold Twinned Platinum Nanodecahedrons and Nanoicosahedrons (2012)

Shaping planner: Monodispersed Pt nanodecahedrons and nanoicosahedrons in high shape selectivities (>70 %) were synthesized by a general and facile solid–liquid interface mediated reduction method. The unique structure of the linear precursors with PtII chains possessing strong metal–metal interactions and their week-long slow reduction are identified as the prerequisites to the formation of Pt multiply twinned particles of fivefold symmetry (see figure). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
NICAD: Accurate Detection of Near-Miss Intentional Clones Using Flexible Pretty-Printing and Code Normalization (2008)

This paper examines the effectiveness of a new language- specific parser-based but lightweight clone detection approach. Exploiting a novel application of a source transformation system, the method accurately finds near-miss clones using an efficient text line comparison technique. The transformation system assists the method in three ways. First, using agile parsing it provides user-specified flexible pretty- printing to remove noise, standardize formatting and break program statements into parts such that potential changes can be detected as simple linewise text differences. Second, it provides efficient flexible extraction of potential clones to be compared using island grammars and agile parsing to select granularities and enumerate potential clones. Third, using transformation rules it provides flexible code normalization to allow for local editing differences between similar code segments and filtering out of uninteresting parts of potential clones. In this paper we introduce the theory and practice of the framework and demonstrate its use in finding function clones in C code. Early experiments indicate that the method is capable of finding near-miss clones with high precision and recall, and with reasonable performance.
Factors Influencing the Production of Recombinant SV40 Vectors (2004)

Most gene therapy approaches employ viral vectors for gene delivery. Ideally, these vectors should be produced at high titer and purity with well-established protocols. Standardized methods to measure the quality of the vectors produced are imperative, as are techniques that allow reproducible quantitation of viral titer. We devised a series of protocols that achieve high-titer production and reproducible purification and provide for quality control and titering of recombinant simian virus 40 vectors (rSV40s). rSV40s are good candidate vehicles for gene transfer: they are easily modified to be nonreplicative and they are nonimmunogenic. Further, they infect a wide variety of cells and allow long-term transgene expression. We report here these protocols to produce rSV40 vectors in high yields, describe their purification, and characterize viral stocks using quality control techniques that monitor the presence of wild-type SV40 revertants and defective interfering particles. Several methods for reproducible titration of rSV40 viruses have been compared. We believe that these techniques can be widely applied to obtain high concentrations of high-quality rSV40 viruses reproducibly.