gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming Growth Factor-βs and Vascular Disorders (2006)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily members, TGF-beta and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are potent regulatory cytokines with diverse functions on vascular cells. They signal through heteromeric type I and II receptor complexes activating Smad-dependent and Smad-independent signals, which regulate proliferation, differentiation, and survival. They are potent regulators of vascular development and vessel remodeling and play key roles in atherosclerosis and restenosis, regulating endothelial, smooth muscle cell, macrophage, T cell, and probably vascular calcifying cell responses. In atherosclerosis, TGF-beta regulates lesion phenotype by controlling T-cell responses and stimulating smooth muscle cells to produce collagen. It contributes to restenosis by augmenting neointimal cell proliferation and collagen accumulation. Defective TGF-beta signaling in endothelial cells attributable to mutations in endoglin or the type I receptor ALK-1 leads to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, whereas defective BMP signaling attributable to mutations in the BMP receptor II has been associated with development of primary pulmonary hypertension. The development of mouse models with either cell type-specific or general inactivation of TGF-beta/BMP signaling has started to reveal the importance of the regulatory network of TGF-beta/BMP pathways in vivo and their significance for atherosclerosis, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and primary pulmonary hypertension. This review highlights recent findings that have advanced our understanding of the roles of TGF-beta superfamily members in regulating vascular cell responses and provides likely avenues for future research that may lead to novel pharmacological therapies for the treatment or prevention of vascular disorders.
Members of the Gq alpha subunit gene family activate phospholipase C beta isozymes. (1992)

The relative specificities of members of the G alpha q family of GTP-binding proteins were tested for their ability to activate different phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) beta isozymes. Cos-7 cells were transfected with cDNA corresponding to G alpha q, G alpha 11, G alpha 14, and G alpha 16. Most of the recombinant protein was bound to the cell membrane and these membranes were washed to elute endogenous PI-PLC activity. The membrane preparation was reconstituted with purified preparations of the PI-PLC beta isozymes and guanosine 5'-O-thiotriphosphate (GTP gamma S)-stimulated enzyme activity was measured. All four proteins of the G alpha q family were found to stimulate PI-PLC beta 1, with G alpha q and G alpha 11 being most efficient. On the other hand, G alpha 16 was found to most effectively activate PI-PLC beta 2, while G alpha q, G alpha 11, and G alpha 14 showed less stimulation. Specific anti- G alpha 16 antibody blocked the stimulation of both PI-PLC beta 1 and PI-PLC beta 2 in the enriched membrane fraction. We conclude that there is specificity in the interaction of different members of the Gq family with different PI-PLC beta effectors. This specificity may be important in generating tissue- or receptor-specific responses in vivo.
A Reference Model of Information Assurance &amp;amp; Security (2013)

Information Assurance & Security (IAS) is a dynamic domain which changes continuously in response to the evolution of society, business needs and technology. This paper proposes a Reference Model of Information Assurance & Security (RMIAS), which endeavours to address the recent trends in the IAS evolution, namely diversification and deperimetrisation. The model incorporates four dimensions: Information System Security Life Cycle, Information Taxonomy, Security Goals and Security Countermeasures. In addition to the descriptive knowledge, the RMIAS embeds the methodological knowledge. A case study demonstrate show the RMIAS assists with the development and revision of an Information Security Policy Document.
Multichannel Audio Modeling and Coding Using a Multiband Source/Filter Model (2006)

In this paper we propose a source/filter model for achieving low bitrate transmission of multichannel audio signals, in which the filter part corresponds to the specifics of each microphone information while the source part contains mostly the interchannel similarities. Using the appropriate filter for each channel and the source part of only one of the microphone signals, we can resynthesize a high quality approximation of each channel; thus, the filter part of each channel need only be encoded. Low datarates can be achieved in the order of few KBits/sec/channel focusing on applications such as remote mixing or distributed musicians collaboration.
Space tube with high efficiency cooling design approach (1980)

Heat pipes, utilized in a high power space type traveling-wave tube, provide an efficient means of dispersing heat from areas of high concentration. Heat, generated in the region of the collector and output Circuit, is dispersed throughout the entire tube baseplate area by both longitudinal and transverse heat pipes contained in the baseplate. The results are lowered individual component temperatures and reduced thermal densities throughout the baseplate. The objective of this effort was to extend the power level of helix space tubes by combining a high efficiency cooling design approach with high efficiency electrical design techniques previously demonstrated on lower power space devices. These techniques include velocity tapering of the helix circuit, multi-stage depressed electron collection, low dielectric and conductive shield loading, and integral barrel focusing. A novel technique for transferring barrel heat to the baseplate is introduced. The tube delivers 300 watts of continuous wave RF output power at lower E-band frequencies. Saturated gain levels of 40 dB are obtained at an overall efficiency of 52%. The tube has been designed for conservative cathode loading and exhibits low operating temperature.
Monte Carlo modeling of neutron and gamma-ray imaging systems (1997)

Detailed numerical prototypes are essential to the design of efficient and cost-effective neutron and gamma-ray imaging systems. We have exploited the unique capabilities of an LLNL-developed radiation transport code (COG) to develop code modules capable of simulating the performance of neutron and gamma-ray imaging systems over a wide range of source energies. COG allows us to simulate complex, energy-, angle-, and time-dependent radiation sources, model 3D system geometries with 'real world' complexity, specify detailed elemental and isotopic distributions and predict the responses of various types of imaging detectors with full Monte Carlo accuracy. COG references detailed, evaluated nuclear interaction databases allowing users to account for multiple scattering, energy straggling, and secondary particle production phenomena which may significantly effect the performance of an imaging system but may be difficult or even impossible to estimate using simple analytical models. In this work we will present examples illustrating the use of these routines in the analysis of industrial radiographic systems for thick target inspection, non-intrusive luggage and cargo scanning systems, and international treaty verification.
Severe Cutaneous and Neurologic Toxicity in Melanoma Patients during Vemurafenib Administration Following Anti-PD-1 Therapy (2013)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as ipilimumab and targeted BRAF inhibitors have dramatically altered the landscape of melanoma therapeutics over the past few years. Agents targeting the programmed cell death-1/ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) axis are now being developed and appear to be highly active clinically with favorable toxicity profiles. We report two patients with BRAF V600E mutant melanoma who were treated with anti-PD-1 agents as first-line therapy without significant toxicity, followed by vemurafenib at disease progression. Both patients developed severe hypersensitivity drug eruptions with multi-organ injury early in their BRAF inhibitor treatment course. One patient subsequently developed acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and the other developed anaphylaxis upon low-dose vemurafenib rechallenge. Further investigation of the immune response during combination or sequences of melanoma therapeutics is warranted. Furthermore, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for these toxicities when vemurafenib is administered following an anti-PD-1 agent.
Ribosomal peptide natural products: bridging the ribosomal and nonribosomal worlds (2009)

Ribosomally synthesized bacterial natural products rival the nonribosomal peptides in their structural and functional diversity. The last decade has seen substantial progress in the identification and characterization of biosynthetic pathways leading to ribosomal peptide natural products with new and unusual structural motifs. In some of these cases, the motifs are similar to those found in nonribosomal peptides, and many are constructed by convergent or even paralogous enzymes. Here, we summarize the major structural and biosynthetic categories of ribosomally synthesized bacterial natural products and, where applicable, compare them to their homologs from nonribosomal biosynthesis.
Allelic association with SNPs: Metrics, populations, and the linkage disequilibrium map (2001)

Comparison of different metrics, using three large samples of haplotypes from different populations, demonstrates that rho is the most efficient measure of association between pairs of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Pairwise data can be modeled, using composite likelihood, to describe the decline in linkage disequilibrium with distance (the Malecot model). The evidence from more isolated populations (Finland, Sardinia) suggests that linkage disequilibrium extends to 427-893 kb but, even in samples representative of large heterogeneous populations, such as CEPH, the extent is 385 kb or greater. This suggests that isolated populations are not essential for linkage disequilibrium mapping of common diseases with SNPs. The in parameter of the Malecot model (recombination and time), evaluated at each SNP, indicates regions of the genome with extensive and less extensive disequilibrium (low and high values of in respectively). When plotted against the physical map, the regions with extensive and less extensive linkage disequilibrium may correspond to recombination cold and hot spots. This is discussed in relation to the Xq25 cytogenetic band and the HFE gene region.
PCR-Free Quantification of Multiple Splice Variants in a Cancer Gene by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2009)

We demonstrate a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based array platform to monitor gene expression in cancer cells in a multiplex and quantitative format without amplification steps. A strategy comprising DNA/RNA hybridization, S1 nuclease digestion, and alkaline hydrolysis was adopted to obtain DNA targets specific to two splice junction variants, Delta(9,10) and Delta(5), of the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 from MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. These two targets were identified simultaneously, and their absolute quantities were estimated by a SERS strategy utilizing the inherent plasmon-phonon Raman mode of gold nanoparticle probes as a self-referencing standard to correct for the variability in surface enhancement. The results were then validated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Our proposed methodology could be expanded to a higher level of multiplexing for quantitative gene expression analysis of any gene without any amplification steps.
Cholylamine Esters (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCholylamine EstersLouis F. Fieser and Wei-Yuan HuangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 24, 6306–6307Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01120a508https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01120a508research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Predictive job scheduling in a connection limited system using parallel genetic algorithm (2007)

Job scheduling is the key feature of any computing environment and the efficiency of computing depends largely on the scheduling technique used. Intelligence is the key factor which is lacking in the job scheduling techniques of today. Genetic algorithms are powerful search techniques based on the mechanisms of natural selection and natural genetics. Multiple jobs are handled by the scheduler and the resource the job needs are in remote locations. Here we assume that the resource a job needs are in a location and not split over nodes and each node that has a resource runs a fixed number of jobs. The existing algorithms used are non predictive and employs greedy based algorithms or a variant of it. The efficiency of the job scheduling process would increase if previous experience and the genetic algorithms are used. In this paper, A new technique is proposed as a model of the scheduling algorithm where the scheduler can learn from previous experiences and an effective job scheduling is achieved as time progresses.
1‐Hydrosilatrane: A Locomotive for Efficient Ketone Reductions (2016)

An efficient method for the reduction of ketones with 1‐hydrosilatrane is described. In the presence of a Lewis base activator, the resulting secondary alcohols are rapidly formed in good to excellent yields (20 examples, 71–99 % yields). The relative bulkiness of 1‐hydrosilatrane also enables the diastereoselective reduction of (–)‐menthone to (+)‐neomenthol, and the use of a chiral alkoxide activator can lead to the enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketones.
APPLIED PHOTOPROPERTIES OF PHENYLENE ETHYNYLENES (2016)

Light-absorbing molecules can be used as powerful tools to perturb and understand biological systems by fluorescence, sensitization, or photochemical reactions. A thorough understanding of the delivery of dyes to specific biochemical targets and the processes that control the fate of excited-state energy is needed to engineer useful technology out of organic photochemistry. This thesis presents four projects investigating different aspects of pathogen destruction and biochemical sensing in a variety of systems, using the properties of p-phenylene ethynylenes (PEs), an especially flexible and well-studied class of conjugated molecules. Of particular relevance, some PEs are found to be effective dyes for amyloid protein aggregates both in solution and in mouse and human brain tissue. As well, control of the solvent microenvironment can be used to tune accessibility of the triplet state, which has implications for targeted photodynamic inactivation of both pathogens and cancer cells.
Fourteen-Member Macrolides Inhibit Interleukin-8 Release by Human Eosinophils from Atopic Donors (1999)

Macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin have been reported to be effective for asthma. However, the precise mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. We studied the effect of erythromycin, clarithromycin, josamycin, and other antibiotics on the release by eosinophils of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a potent chemokine for inflammatory cells, including eosinophils themselves. Human eosinophils were isolated from atopic patients, and the effects of the drugs on IL-8 release were evaluated. Only 14-member macrolides (erythromycin and clarithromycin) showed a concentration-dependent suppressive effect on IL-8 release (control, 100%; erythromycin at 1 microgram/ml, 67.82% +/- 3.45% [P < 0.01]; clarithromycin at 5 micrograms/ml, 56.81% +/- 9.61% [P < 0.01]). The effect was found at therapeutic concentrations and appeared to occur at the posttranscriprtional level. In contrast, a 16-member macrolide (josamycin) had no significant effect. We suggest that 14-member macrolides inhibit IL-8 release by eosinophils and may thereby prevent the autocrine cycle necessary for the recruitment of these cells into the airways.
The Sensitivity and Precision of the Electrostatic Transmitter for Measuring Sound Intensities (1922)

Electrostatic Transmitter of Constant Sensitivity.---(1) Characteristics. This instrument is the same in principle as that described in 1917, but certain changes have been made which, as proved by actual tests, render the sensitivity independent of changes of temperature, pressure and humidity. The sensitivity is also found to be constant over a long period of time. By means of a piston-phone and a thermophone, for which corrected formul\ae{} are available, both the absolute sensitivity and phase lag were determined for frequencies of from 10 to 12,000 cycles. Eight transmitters similarly constructed give the same curves within 20 per cent. With a steel diaphragm 0.0051 cm. thick having a natural frequency of 7.000 cycles, and with an air gap of 0.0025 cm., the mean sensitivity is about 0.35 millivolt/dyne. (2) Use with an amplifier for measurement of sound intensity. Combined with an amplifier of ordinary design the instrument has an over-all sensitivity which is practically uniform from 25 to 8,000 cycles. It is therefore remarkably well adapted for the measurement of the intensities of complex tones and tones of changing pitch and for use with an oscillograph for recording sound waves. On the other hand, if sounds of a definite pitch are to be measured, the apparatus can be made highly selective and almost any desired sensitivity can be obtained by using a tuned amplifier in connection with a vibration galvanometer.
Static Electrification of Filaments Theoretical Aspects1 (1956)

A theoretical model based on the band structure of the solid state is proposed in order to describe the transfer of charge when two solids are rubbed together. Only the struc ture in the interior is considered, the interpenetration of the bodies being supposed deep enough that the effects of foreign surface layers and of surface states are slight. The theory is applied to data on static electrification of filaments rubbed together under con trolled ambient and mechanical conditions. The theory provides a semiquantitative de scription of most of the observed phenomena.
Cross-reacting Material-positive Hemophilia A Diagnosed in a Patient with a Spontaneous Thigh Hemorrhage (2017)

A 53-year-old man, who had been diagnosed with mild hemophilia A (HA) at 35 years of age, was hospitalized with a thigh hematoma. His bleeding continued despite the administration of recombinant factor VIII (FVIII). The results of an FVIII/von Willebrand factor binding assay were normal. The patient's FVIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C) was low, but his FVIII antigen levels were within the normal limits, suggesting FVIII protein dysfunction. The FVIII:C measurements obtained by one-stage clotting and chromogenic assays were different. An FVIII gene analysis revealed a missense mutation p.Ser308Leu, which is rare in Japan. This case highlights that gene analyses and chromogenic assays are necessary to interpret the discrepancies between FVIII:C and the bleeding phenotype of patients with mild HA.
Combined Participation of Hydroxylase Active Site Residues and Effector Protein Binding in a<i>Para</i>to<i>Ortho</i>Modulation of Toluene 4-Monooxygenase Regiospecificity (2002)

Toluene 4-monooxygenase (T4MO) is a diiron hydroxylase that exhibits high regiospecificity for para hydroxylation. This fidelity provides the basis for an assessment of the interplay between active site residues and protein complex formation in producing an essential biological outcome. The function of the T4MO catalytic complex (hydroxylase, T4moH, and effector protein T4moD) is evaluated with respect to effector protein concentration, the presence of T4MO electron-transfer components (Rieske ferredoxin, T4moC, and NADH oxidoreductase), and use of mutated T4moH isoforms with different hydroxylation regiospecificities. Steady-state kinetic analyses indicate that T4moC and T4moD form complexes of similar affinity with T4moH. At low T4moD concentrations, the steady-state hydroxylation rate is linearly dependent on T4moD-T4moH complex formation, whereas regiospecificity and the coupling efficiency between NADH consumption and hydroxylation are associated with intrinsic properties of the T4moD-T4moH complex. The optimized complex gives both efficient coupling and high regiospecificity with p-cresol representing >96% of total products from toluene. Similar coupling and regiospecificity for para hydroxylation are obtained with T3buV (an effector protein from a toluene 3-monooxygenase), demonstrating that effector protein binding does not uniquely determine or alter the regiospecificity of toluene hydroxylation. The omission of T4moD causes an approximately 20-fold decrease in hydroxylation rate, nearly complete uncoupling, and a decrease in regiospecificity so that p-cresol represents approximately 60% of total products. Similar shifts in regiospecificity are observed in oxidations of alternative substrates in the absence or upon the partial removal of either T4moD or T3buV from toluene oxidations. The mutated T4moH isoforms studied have apparent V(max)/K(M) specificities differing by approximately 2-4-fold and coupling efficiencies ranging from 88% to 95%, indicating comparable catalytic function, but also exhibit unique regiospecificity patterns for all substrates tested, suggesting unique substrate binding preferences within the active site. The G103L isoform has enhanced selectivity for ortho hydroxylation with all substrates tested except nitrobenzene, which gives only m-nitrophenol. The regiospecificity of the G103L isoform is comparable to that observed from naturally occurring variants of the toluene/benzene/o-xylene monooxygenase subfamily. Evolutionary and mechanistic implications of these findings are considered.