gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MLSP 2007 Data Analysis Competition: Frequency-Domain Blind Source Separation for Convolutive Mixtures of Speech/Audio Signals (2007)

This paper describes the frequency-domain approach to the blind source separation of speech/audio signals that are convolutively mixed in a real room environment. With the application of short- time Fourier transforms, convolutive mixtures in the time domain can be approximated as multiple instantaneous mixtures in the frequency domain. We employ complex-valued independent component analysis (ICA) to separate the mixtures in each frequency bin. Then, the permutation ambiguity of the ICA solutions should be aligned so that the separated signals are constructed properly in the time domain. We propose a permutation alignment method based on clustering the activity sequences of the frequency bin-wise separated signals. We achieved the overall winner status of MLSP 2007 Data Analysis Competition based on the presented method.
The role of the breast ductal system in the diagnosis of cancer (review). (2001)

It has been shown that early detection of breast cancer saves lives. This review summarizes the findings of the diagnostic methods involving the breast ductal system to date, including nipple fluid cytology, nipple fluid tumor markers, ductogram, and ductoscopy.
Theoretical study on reaction mechanism of isocyanate radical NCO with ethene (2008)

Abstract The NCO + C 2 H 4 reaction is simple and prototype for reaction of the NCO radical with unsaturated hydrocarbons, and it is considered to be important in fuel‐rich combustion. In this article, we for the first time perform detailed theoretical investigations for its reaction mechanism based on Gaussian‐3//B3LYP scheme covering various entrance and decomposition channels. The most favorable channel is firstly the NCO and C 2 H 4 approach each other, forming a weakly‐bound complex L1 OCN···C 2 H 4 , followed by the formation of isomer L2 OCNCH 2 CH 2 via a small barrier of 1.3 kcal/mol. Transition states of any decomposable or isomeric channels for L2 in energy are much higher than reactants, which indicate that adduct L2 has stabilization effect in this NCO + C 2 H 4 reaction. The direct H‐abstraction channel leading to P1 HNCO + C 2 H 3 , might have an important contribution to the eventual products in high temperature. These results can well explain available kinetic experiment. Moreover, reaction mechanism for the title reaction is significantly different from the NCO + C 2 H 2 reaction which proceeds on most favorably to generate the products HCN + HCCO and OCCHCN + H via a four‐membered ring intermediate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Possible mechanism of nuclear translocation of proteasomes (1990)

Proteasomes (multicatalytic proteinase complexes), which are identical to the ubiquitous eukaryotic 20S particles, are localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, but the mechanism of their co-localization in the two compartments is unknown. On examination of the primary structures of subunits of proteasomes, a consensus sequence for nuclear translocation of proteins, X-X-K-K(R)-X-K(R) (where X is any residue), was found to be present in some subunits and to be highly conserved in the subunits of a wide range of eukaryotes. In addition, proteasomal subunits were found to bear a cluster of acidic amino acid residues and also a potential tyrosine phosphorylation site that was located in the same polypeptide chain as the nuclear location signal. These structural properties suggest that two sets of clusters with positive and negative charges serve to regulate the translocation of proteasomes from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and that phosphorylation of tyrosine in certain subunits may play an additional role in transfer of proteasomes into the nucleus.
Malignant Glioma Sensitivity to Radiotherapy, High-dose Tamoxifen, and Hypericin: Corroborating Clinical Response in Vitro: Case Report (1996)

PREVIOUS WORK HAS demonstrated the importance of protein kinase C in regulating glioma cell proliferation in vitro. Tamoxifen, a protein kinase C inhibitor when administered in high dosages, is currently being used as an adjuvant in the treatment of patients with malignant gliomas. The patient in the present study harbored a left frontal anaplastic astrocytoma adjacent to Broca's area and the paracentral region, which limited gross resection. After a subtotal resection of the tumor and after radiation, the patient was administered high-dose tamoxifen therapy for gross residual gadolinium-enhancing regions that were revealed by magnetic resonance imaging and by high glucose uptake as demonstrated by positron emission tomography. After treatment, a decrease in gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance images and a decrease in glucose uptake revealed by positron emission tomography were noted. A laboratory examination of the tissue obtained from the original surgical resection revealed resistance to radiation therapy but sensitivity to tamoxifen as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The subsequent in vitro testing of the tumor that was removed after the recurrence of tumor (22 months after the initiation of tamoxifen) revealed loss of sensitivity to tamoxifen. However, the recurrent tumor remained sensitive to growth inhibition by the potent protein kinase C inhibitor, hypericin, despite loss of sensitivity to tamoxifen in vitro, suggesting the potential clinical application of this agent. This close in vitro correlation with the clinical course of the patient in the present study suggests a potential role for such in vitro radiation and chemosensitivity testing in designing a rational individualized clinical course of treatment.
A 3.3 V single-poly CMOS audio ADC delta-sigma modulator with 98 dB peak SINAD (2003)

This paper presents a second-order /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator for audio-band A/D conversion implemented in a 3.3 V, 0.5 /spl mu/m, single-poly CMOS process that achieves 98 dB peak SINAD and over 100 dB SFDR. The design uses a reduced-complexity, mismatch-shaping 33-level DAC and a 33-level flash ADC with digital common-mode rejection and dynamic element matching of comparator offsets. These signal processing innovations, combined with established circuit techniques, enable state of the art performance in CMOS optimized for digital circuits. To the knowledge of the authors, this level of performance has not been achieved previously under these process constraints.
Luminescence and fluorescence of essential oils. Fluorescence imaging in vivo of wild chamomile oil (2011)

Essential oils are currently of great importance to pharmaceutical companies, cosmetics producers and manufacturers of veterinary products. They are found in perfumes, creams, bath products, and household cleaning substances, and are used for flavouring food and drinks. It is well known that some of them act on the respiratory apparatus. The increasing interest in optical imaging techniques and the development of related technologies have made possible the investigation of the optical properties of several compounds. Luminescent properties of essential oils have not been extensively investigated. We evaluated the luminescent and fluorescent emissions of several essential oils, in order to detect them in living organisms by exploiting their optical properties. Some fluorescent emission data were high enough to be detected in dermal treatments. Consequently, we demonstrated how the fluorescent signal can be monitored for at least three hours on the skin of living mice treated with wild chamomile oil. The results encourage development of this technique to investigate the properties of drugs and cosmetics containing essential oils.
Optical beam-shifter module with high extinction ratio for 1024-input-port optical-switching network (1993)

An optical beam shifter module consisting of liquid-crystal cells and a birefringent plate is investigated for a 1024-input-port switching network. High extinction ratio (> 20 dB) and low insertion loss (0.5 dB) are achieved by optimal device design. Precise optical alignment is obtained without any adjustment mechanism by using assembly baseplate and an optical assembly bench.
A Scanner-based Root Image Acquisition Technique for Measuring Roots on a Rhizotron Window (2003)

A simple flatbed-scanner-based image acquisition system was developed for the measurement of `Gala'/M9 ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) apple tree root growth in rhizoboxes with a transparent acrylic sheet on one side. A tree was planted in the center of each rhizobox, and a modified flatbed scanner was periodically used to directly capture high-resolution digital images of roots growing against the transparent wall. Total root length in the images was either measured manually, or by computer mouse tracing, or automatically with a computer image analysis system. Correlations were made among the different measurements. High quality root images were obtained with the adapted scanner system. Significant linear relationships were found between manual and computer traced root length measurements (r = 0.99), traced and automatic measurements (r = 0.76) and manual and automatic measurements (r = 0.75). Apple roots appeared on the transparent wall 34 days after transplanting, and grew rapidly thereafter, reaching a maximum on the transparent wall 59 days after transplanting. Our results showed that the use of a flatbed scanner for the acquisition of root images combined with computer analysis is a promising technique to speed data acquisition in root growth investigations.
An efficiently computable metric for comparing polygonal shapes (1990)

Abstract : Model-based recognition is concerned with comparing a shape A, which is stored as a model for some particular object, with a shape B, which is found to exist in an image. If A and B are close to being the same shape, then a vision system should report a match and return a measure of how good that match is. To be useful this measure should satisfy a number of properties, including: (1) it should be a metric, (2) it should be invariant under translation, rotation, and change-of-scale, (3) it should be reasonably easy to compute, and (4) it should match our intuition (i.e., answers should be similar to those that a person might give). We develop a method for comparing polygons that has these properties. The method works for both convex and nonconvex polygons and runs in time O(mn log mn) where m is the number of vertices in one polygon and n is the number of vertices in the other. Some examples are presented that show the method produces answers that are intuitively reasonable.
RDF on the go: an RDF storage and query processor for mobile devices (2010)

Abstract. We present RDF On the Go, a full-fledged RDF storage and SPARQL query processor for mobile devices. Implemented by adapting the widely used Jena and ARQ Semantic Web Toolkit and query engine, it uses Berkeley DB for storing the RDF data, R-Trees for indexing spatial data indexing and a query processor that supports both standard and spatial queries. By storing and querying RDF data locally at the user’s mobile device, RDF On the Go contributes to improving scalability, decreasing transmission costs, and controlling access to user’s personal information. It also enables the development of a next generation of mobile applications. RDF On the Go is available for the Android platform and can be downloaded
Objective antitumor activity of acivicin in patients with recurrent CNS malignancies: a Southwest Oncology Group trial. (1991)

Acivicin (AT-125) is a glutamine antagonist with dose-limiting, schedule-dependent CNS toxicity and predictable CSF penetration after intravenous administration. Because of these properties, a trial in CNS malignancies was initiated. Thirty-two patients with recurrent or residual malignant astrocytomas were treated with AT-125. The majority of patients had glioblastoma multiforme (24) and had received prior nitrosoureas (21). The median age was 50 years, and Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) performance status was 2. The major determinant of response was based upon radiologic criteria using computed tomographic (CT) scanning and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The tumor mass was measured in two perpendicular planes, which yielded the largest cross-sectional area. Standard solid tumor criteria for response were used. All responding patients also had a stable or tapered dose of corticosteroids with stable or improved performance status and neurologic examination. There were four objective responses (12%): one complete remission (3 1/2+ years) and three partial remissions (57, 86, and 322 days). Two patients had improvement in disease that did not meet requirements for a partial remission. Toxicity was mild and primarily consisted of nausea, vomiting, and lethargy. Two patients were removed from study due to neurotoxicity (depression and hallucinations). The strict response criteria used in this trial were not those that have been used in testing other active agents such as carmustine (BCNU). We conclude that AT-125 has objective antitumor activity in malignant astrocytomas and warrants further study.
Hierarchical MK Splines: Algorithm and Applications to Data Fitting (2016)

In the era of Big Data, it is very important to study large-scale data fitting methods. In order to ensure the calculation speed and accuracy, we propose a new kind of hierarchical many-knot splines (hereinafter called “hierarchical MK splines,” generally abbreviated as HMK splines) in this paper. The HMK splines method produces a sequence of MK spline functions. These MK spline functions are constructed into one ideal interpolation function by the MK spline refinement. In the case of regular sampling data, HMK splines can achieve the purpose of accurate approximation for the given data points without solving systems of equations. Further, in order to deal with the issues of scattered data fitting, the use of least-squares method will lead to the necessary of solving a linear system of equations. Since the ill-conditioned systems of equations often lead to unacceptable deviation of calculation results, one tries to avoid it as much as possible. The HMK splines algorithm can meet this requirement; it can avoid the intolerable deviation caused by solving systems of equations. Experimental results show that large-scale scattered data fitting can be easily achieved by the HMK splines algorithm and the reconstruction of nonuniform samples has a high accuracy.
A Blind Baud-Rate ADC-Based CDR (2013)

This paper proposes a 10-Gb/s blind baud-rate ADC-based CDR. The blind baud-rate operation is made possible by using a 2UI integrate-and-dump filter, which creates intentional ISI in adjacent bit periods. The blind samples are interpolated to recover center-of-the-eye samples for a speculative Mueller–Muller PD and a 2-tap DFE operation. A test chip, fabricated in 65-nm CMOS, implements a 10-Gb/s CDR with a measured high-frequency jitter tolerance of 0.19 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{UI}_{\rm PP}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\pm \hbox{300 ppm}$</tex></formula> of frequency offset.
Gene Dosage-Dependent Effects of Cardiac-Specific Overexpression of the A <sub>3</sub> Adenosine Receptor (2002)

We used a genetic approach to determine whether increasing the level of A3 adenosine receptors (A3ARs) expressed in the heart confers protection against ischemia without causing cardiac pathology. We generated mice carrying one (A3tg.1) or six (A3tg.6) copies of a transgene consisting of the cardiomyocyte-specific alpha-myosin heavy chain gene promoter and the A3AR cDNA. A3tg.1 and A3tg.6 mice expressed 12.7+/-3.15 and 66.3+/-9.4 fmol/mg of the high-affinity G protein-coupled form of the A3AR in the myocardium, respectively. Extensive morphological, histological, and functional analyses demonstrated that there were no apparent abnormalities in A3tg.1 transgenic mice compared with nontransgenic mice. In contrast, A3tg.6 mice exhibited dilated hearts, expression of markers of hypertrophy, bradycardia, hypotension, and systolic dysfunction. When A3tg mice were subjected to 30 minutes of coronary occlusion and 24 hours of reperfusion, infarct size was reduced approximately 30% in A3tg.1 mice and approximately 40% in A3tg.6 mice compared with nontransgenic littermates. The reduction in infarct size in the transgenic mice was not related to differences in risk region size, systemic hemodynamics, or body temperature, indicating that the cardioprotection was a result of increased A3AR signaling in the ischemic myocardium. The results demonstrate that low-level expression of A3ARs in the heart provides effective protection against ischemic injury without detectable adverse effects, whereas higher levels of A3AR expression lead to the development of a dilated cardiomyopathy.
Theory: Foundations of Artificial Neural Networks (1998)

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are often presented as powerful tools for data processing. Nevertheless, ANNs need a theory and consequently an epistemological foundation. Usually scholars in this field seem to believe that the brain theory is an implicit theory for ANNs. But, we still do not have a complete brain theory, and the brain model for ANNs has been only an “inspiration” model. Further, a theory has to explain a set of models or a set of phenomena internally. So, ANN lacks a theory. In this part of the book the author creates and presents a theory of ANNs. Three levels of different complexity are created, in order to simulate a generative path starting from the elementary units up to the more complex ones. The basic concepts of the first level are the node and the connections. At the second level the main concept is the network. At the last level the concept of an artificial organism is the key concept. Explicit rules govern the conversion from one level to another. Further, at each level, semantic and syntactic components are considered. A theory of ANNs is needed not only for didactic reasons but also for basic research: scholars need to see and consider the similarities and differences among different ANNs from a mathematical, biological and philosophical point of view. A good theory should increase the possibilities for planning, implementing and assessing necessary fundamental research.
Heuristic networks for concurrent pursuit-evasion systems (2002)

We consider briefly the linguistic geometry tools and their application to solving 2D optimization problem for autonomous robotic vehicles participating in the aerospace pursuit-evasion game. In this problem we allow the agents to move simultaneously if necessary. A comparison of the searches for aerial and concurrent cases shows that search reduction achieved in the concurrent case is even more dramatic than it was in the serial one.
Expanded Porous MOF-505 Analogue Exhibiting Large Hydrogen Storage Capacity and Selective Carbon Dioxide Adsorption (2013)

An expanded 4,4-paddlewheel-connected porous MOF-505-type metal-organic framework (MOF), [Cu2(PDEB)(H2O)2]·xS (NJU-Bai12; NJU-Bai represents the Nanjing University Bai group and S represents noncoordinated solvent molecules) has been designed from a nanosized rectangular diisophthalate linker containing alkyne groups 5,5'-(1,4-phenylenedi-2,1-ethynediyl)bis(1,3-benzenecarboxylic acid). This MOF material possesses permanent microporosity with the highest Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 3038 m(2)·g(-1) and the largest unsaturated total hydrogen storage capacity of 62.7 mg·g(-1) at 77 K and 20 bar among reported MOF-505 analogues. Additionally, NJU-Bai12 also exhibits excellent carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake capacity (23.83 and 19.85 mmol·g(-1) at 20 bar for 273 and 298 K, respectively) and selective gas adsorption properties with CO2/CH4 selectivity of 5.0 and CO2/N2 selectivity of 24.6 at room temperature.
The effect of maternal fasting on the fetal biophysical profile (2003)

Fetal breathing movements are reduced during maternal fasting.
Practical Techniques for Eliminating Storage of Deleted Data (2007)

The layered design of modern file systems hides the liveness of data from the underlying storage systems. In this paper, we define a generic "purge" operation that can be used by a file system to pass liveness information to the storage system with minimal changes in the layer interfaces. We present three approaches for implementing such a purge operation: direct call, zero pages, and flagged writes. We demonstrate the feasibility of these techniques through a reference implementation in User-mode Linux to dynamically manage a copy-on-write (COW) data store. Performance results obtained from this reference implementation show that these techniques can achieve significant storage savings with a reasonable execution time overhead. Our results demonstrate that passing liveness information across the file system-block layer interface with minimal changes is not only feasible but practical.
A computer simulation study on electron multiplication of parallel-plate electron multipliers (1993)

Electron multiplication of parallel-plate electron multipliers with a parallel electric field (PPEM-parallel) and with a tilted electric field (PPEM-tilt) have been studied by a Monte Carlo simulation method. The optimum geometrical condition is represented with a ratio of the dynode length Ld to the dynode spacing Ds, Ld/Ds=0.040Vd, for the PPEM-parallel, and with a ratio of the dynode displacement Xd to the dynode spacing Ds, Xd/Ds=0.40, for the PPEM-tilt, where Vd is an applied voltage. For optimum geometrical conditions, the PPEM-parallel and the PPEM-tilt have almost equal characteristic properties of operation such as mean gain, pulse height distribution, and transit time distribution of secondary electrons. These are inherent results of the almost equivalent electron multiplication processes such as collision energy of secondaries and number of electron multiplication steps. A simplified analytical method is used to explain the computer simulation results.