gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double-stranded RNA viruses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

INFECTIOUS ELEMENTS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE 250 BIOLOGY OF THE YEAST dsRNA VIRUSES AND THE KILLER PHENOMENON 250 L-A VIRUS STRUCTURE: T 5 1 WITH 60 ASYMMETRIC Gag DIMERS 251 VIRAL REPLICATION CYCLES 251 L-A ENCODES Gag AND Gag-Pol 252 REPLICATION AND TRANSCRIPTION OF VIRAL RNA: IN VITRO SYSTEMS 254 TRANSLATION OF VIRAL mRNA 254 The SKI2,3,8 System Blocks the Translation of Non-Poly(A) mRNA 255 M1 Propagation Depends Critically on Free 60S Ribosomal Subunit Levels 256 Do SKI2, 3, and 8 Determine 60S Subunit Interaction with Poly(A)? 257 Gag Makes Decapitated Decoys To Distract the SKI1/XRN1 Exoribonuclease 257 Lethality of ski1 ski2 and ski1 ski3 double mutants 258 Gag-Pol Fusion Protein Formed by a 21 Ribosomal Frameshift: How and Why 258 Mechanism of 21 ribosomal frameshifting 258 How critical is the efficiency of frameshifting? 259 Chromosomal genes affecting the efficiency of frameshifting 259 Can 21 ribosomal frameshifting be used as a target of antiviral drugs? 259 POSTTRANSLATIONAL PROCESSING 259 MAK3 N-Acetyltransferase Modification of Gag Is Necessary for Assembly 259 Killer Preprotoxin Is Processed To Form Mature Toxin 260 KEX1 and KEX2 Processing Proteases and Mammalian Prohormone Processing 260 RNA PACKAGING: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO 260 Evidence for cis Packaging by L-A 260 Does Packaging Control Translation? 260 L-BC IS CLOSELY RELATED TO L-A 261 CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS 261 REFERENCES 262
Ion-dependent Viscosity of Holothurian Body Wall and its Implications for the Functional Morphology of Echinoderms (1982)

ABSTRACT Dermis from the holothurian Thyone inermis was subjected to constant load and its rate of plastic deformation (creep) was used to calculate tissue viscosity. During these tests the material was bathed in distilled water, sea water, or solutions of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts in various combinations. Distilled water caused a threefold increase in viscosity which was reversed by sea water. Sodium and potassium decreased viscosity, while calcium and magnesium in combination with sodium increased it. Ionic cross-links shielded by monovalent ions but facilitated by divalent cations are proposed to explain this behaviour, and the relationship between this and other anomalies of echinoderm connective tissue physiology is discussed.
Photoperiodic requirements for LH release in juvenile broiler and egg-laying strains of domestic chickens fed <i>ad libitum</i> or restricted diets (1990)

Photoperiodic response curves for LH release were obtained for juvenile female domestic chickens at 8 weeks of age by measuring changes in plasma LH concentrations after increasing the daily photoperiod from 8 to 10.5, 12.75, 15.25, 17.75 or 20 h. The birds were bred either for meat production (broiler) or commercial egg-laying and were fed ad libitum or a restricted diet, similar to that used under commercial conditions. Ovarian and oviduct growth was stimulated by 2 weeks after transfer to 20 h light/day in the dwarf broiler strain, irrespective of the dietary treatment, but not in birds of the egg-laying strain. Baseline concentrations of plasma LH were higher in the egg-laying than in the dwarf broiler strain birds. A significant effect of dietary treatment was observed on the changes in concentration of plasma LH in the nonphotostimulated dwarf broiler, but not in the egg-laying bird. There was no significant interaction between dietary treatment and photoinduced LH release in birds of either strain. The shortest photoperiod needed to stimulate LH release (critical daylength) was less than 10.5 h in the dwarf broilers and between 10.5 and 12.75 h in the egg-laying birds. The shortest photoperiod needed to stimulate the maximum release of LH (saturation daylength) was between 10.5 and 12.75 h in the dwarf broiler strain. The saturation daylength in birds of the egg-laying strain was longer, being between 12.75 and 15.25 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cloud Pricing Models: A Survey and Position Paper (2013)

In recent years, cloud computing has emerged as a successful mode of delivery for Software as a Service (SaaS) offerings and more generically anything as a service (XaaS) offerings. Cloud computing is, an evolutionary paradigm shift in the ways computing platforms and services are made available to the consumers, and this has been made possible due to numerous technology enablers, along with changing business strategies. These changes have contributed significantly in achieving the market shift from differentiated to undifferentiated price models, thereby helping the market movements from monopolistic to perfect competition, and resulting in converting traditional enterprise class software tools and hardware platforms into a commodity. This paper, is a survey on pricing strategies and schemes employed in cloud offerings wherein we study various mechanisms currently being used. The literature survey encompasses market trends on cloud pricing with specific focus on emerging market scenario of India. Based on the need of providing flexible pricing, we discuss our position on a revenue framework wherein cloud pricing strategy is a function of periodic resource utilization analysis, and provide details of our revenue generation model that depends on cross over of different pricing schemes.
Experiments on the Nitrogen Economy of Termites (1941)

Hardly less intriguing than the questions pertaining to the carbohydrate metabolism of termites are those concerned with the utilization of nitrogen. As Uvarov (1928) stated in reviewing the literature on the metabolism of wood-eating insects, “The most difficult problem is not the digestion of cellulose, but how to discover the means by which the deficient nitrogen is obtained.”
Dynamic buffer allocation in video-on-demand systems (2001)

In video-on-demand (VOD) systems, as the size of the buffer allocated to user requests increases, initial latency and memory requirements increase. Hence, the buffer size must be minimized. The existing static buffer allocation scheme, however, determines the buffer size based on the assumption that the system is in the fully loaded state. Thus, when the system is in a partially loaded state, the scheme allocates a buffer larger than necessary to a user request. This paper proposes a dynamic buffer allocation scheme that allocates to user requests buffers of the minimum size in a partially loaded state as well as in the fully loaded state. The inherent difficulty in determining the buffer size in the dynamic buffer allocation scheme is that the size of the buffer currently being allocated is dependent on the number of and the sizes of the buffers to be allocated in the next service period. We solve this problem by the predict-and-enforce strategy, where we predict the number and the sizes of future buffers based on inertia assumptions and enforce these assumptions at runtime. Any violation of these assumptions is resolved by deferring service to the violating new user request until the assumptions are satisfied. Since the size of the current buffer is dependent on the sizes of the future buffers, the size is represented by a recurrence equation. We provide a solution to this equation, which can be computed at the system initialization time for runtime efficiency. We have performed extensive analysis and simulation. The results show that the dynamic buffer allocation scheme reduces initial latency (averaged over the number of user requests in service from one to the maximum capacity) to 1 ÷ 29.4 ≁ 1 ÷ 11.0 of that for the static one and, by reducing the memory requirement, increases the number of concurrent user requests to 2.36 ∼ 3.25 times that of the static one when averaged over the amount of system memory available. These results demonstrate that the dynamic buffer allocation scheme significantly improves the performance and capacity of VOD systems.
Mindfulness-and body-psychotherapy-based group treatment of chronic tinnitus: a randomized controlled pilot study (2012)

Our results suggest that this mindfulness- and body-psychotherapy-based approach is feasible in the treatment of tinnitus and merits further evaluation in clinical studies with larger sample sizes.The study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01540357).
Reforming student financial aid: issues and alternatives (2002)

Colombian policymakers have decided that the expansion and reform of the existing student aid programs, particularly student credit, should represent a primary vehicle for addressing challenges to the Colombian higher education sector. Thus, a principal objective is to consider how reforms in the student aid programs - scholarships as well as student credit - can help to address pressing problems in the higher education sector. To this end, this paper poses a series of related questions that government policy makers, institutional officials, and other stakeholders ought to consider in dessigning student aid reforms.
Phenylene Ethynylene Diazonium Salts as Potential Self-Assembling Molecular Devices (2001)

[reaction: see text]. Functionalized diazonium salts for molecular electronic devices are prepared by the reaction of the corresponding anilines with NOBF4 in sulfolane-acetonitrile solvent.
Acyclovir treatment of experimental simian varicella infection of monkeys (1981)

Replication of simian varicella virus (SVV) in Vero cell cultures was inhibited by acyclovir, 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (ACV), at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml in culture medium. Intravenous administration of ACV at 10 mg/kg twice a day for 10 days or 15 mg/kg three times a day for 5 days to patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) beginning 48 h after SVV inoculation blocked the appearance of rash and other clinical symptoms but did not affect viremia. ACV treatment of African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) at 10 mg/kg twice a day by intravenous injection beginning 24 or 72 h after SVV inoculation and continuing for 10 days had no effect on clinical symptoms, including the development of rash, or on the appearance of viremia. The minimal therapeutic results could be due to the observation that doses of 10 or 15 mg/kg produced plasma levels of ACV which were lower than 5 micrograms/ml, the concentration that inhibited SVV multiplication in vitro, and decayed rapidly.
Development and Validation of an HPLC/UV/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of 18 Preservatives in Grapefruit Seed Extract (2006)

Grapefruit seed extracts are used in cosmetics, food supplements, and pesticides because of their antimicrobial properties, but suspicions about the true nature of the active compounds arose when synthetic disinfectants such as benzethonium or benzalkonium chloride were found in commercial products. The HPLC method presented herein allows the quality assessment (qualitative and quantitative) of these products for the first time. On the basis of a standard mixture of 18 preservatives most relevant for food and grapefruit products, a method was developed allowing the baseline separation of all compounds within 40 min. Optimum results were obtained with a C-8 stationary phase and a solvent system comprising aqueous trifluoroacetic acid, acetonitrile, and 2-propanol. The assay was fully validated and shown to be sensitive (LOD < or= 12.1 ng on-column), accurate (recovery rates > or = 96.1%), repeatable (sigma(rel) < or = 3.5%), precise (intra-day variation < or = 4.5%, interday variation < or = 4.1%), and rugged. Without any modifications the method could be adopted for LC-MS experiments, where the compounds of interest were directly assignable in positive ESI mode. The quantitative results of several products for ecofarming confirmed previous studies, as seven out of nine specimens were adulterated with preservatives in varying composition. The samples either contained benzethonium chloride (2.5-176.9 mg/mL) or benzalkonium chloride (138.2-236.3 mg/mL), together with smaller amounts of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid.
Secure program update using broadcast encryption for clustered wireless sensor networks (2010)

Securing Network Program update is essential for many crucial military applications. Present Network Programming protocols proposed by Hailun Tan et al. provides confidentiality and authentication with high computational effort and power consumption. We have developed a confidential network program update protocol for clustered wireless sensor networks. Our scheme has two phases, key computation phase and network program update phase. In key computation phase, we provide an efficient key computation scheme for securing the program image. The key is dynamically computed using broadcast encryption scheme when required without storing neither any keys before deployment, nor communicating directly. Network program update phase follows an approach based on Deluge, an open source code dissemination protocol, and provides confidentiality along with authentication. An immediate and independent authentication is achieved without time synchronization between the base station and the sensor nodes. The scheme is resilient to malicious program image injection by the compromised nodes. Mobile agents are used to know about the node compromise. We implement our scheme in TinyOS and evaluate the performance.
<i>In vivo</i>distribution and antitumour activity of liposomal 3′,5′-<i>O</i>-dipalmitoyl-5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (1992)

3',5'-O-dipalmitoyl-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR-dipalmitate), a lipophilic prodrug of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR), was incorporated in different types of liposomes. The in vivo distribution and intrahepatic deacylation of liposomal FUdR-dipalmitate was found to be strongly dependent on liposome composition and on drug to lipid ratio. The use of fluid-type liposomes (egg PC/PS/CHOL) rendered FUdR-dipalmitate more susceptible to enzymatic breakdown than solid-type liposomes (DSPC/DPPG/CHOL). A decrease of the retention of the drug in the body was also obtained when FUdR-dipalmitate was incorporated in solid-type liposomes with high drug to lipid ratio (1:10) than with low ratio (1:50). In spite of these substantial differences in the rates at which FUdR was liberated from liposomes with different fluidity, size, or drug to lipid ratio, only minor differences in therapeutic effect were observed in a number of murine tumour models (P388 leukaemia, Lewis Lung carcinoma, B16 melanoma and a C26 adenocarcinoma liver metastasis model). The lipophilic prodrug of FUdR exhibited antitumour activity at 100-600 times lower doses than the free drug. However, at these therapeutic doses FUdR-dipalmitate was also far more toxic. This prohibited the use of higher doses to increase antitumour activity.
Rethinking the Extraverted Sales Ideal (2013)

Despite the widespread assumption that extraverts are the most productive salespeople, research has shown weak and conflicting relationships between extraversion and sales performance. In light of these puzzling results, I propose that the relationship between extraversion and sales performance is not linear but curvilinear: Ambiverts achieve greater sales productivity than extraverts or introverts do. Because they naturally engage in a flexible pattern of talking and listening, ambiverts are likely to express sufficient assertiveness and enthusiasm to persuade and close a sale but are more inclined to listen to customers' interests and less vulnerable to appearing too excited or overconfident. A study of 340 outbound-call-center representatives supported the predicted inverted-U-shaped relationship between extraversion and sales revenue. This research presents a fresh perspective on the personality traits that facilitate successful influence and offers novel insights for people in choosing jobs and for organizations in hiring and training employees.
Method for Measurement of the Rate of Drying of Surface Coatings (1956)

By observation of rolling friction effects, the rate of drying of paints, varnishes, and other surface coatings can be evaluated more precisely than by previous methods. The time of descent of a ball rolling down a coated incline has been proposed as an index of surface condition. The basic physical phenomenon involved, however, is rolling friction, so the coefficient of rolling friction would be preferable for use as a standard. A metric analogous to Brinell hardness can be defined from the coefficient of rolling friction. The ratio between the coefficient of rolling friction and the radius of the test ball is proposed as an index of surface condition.
Generalizations on active-passive dynamic consensus filters (2016)

Active-passive dynamic consensus filters consist of agents subject to local observations of a process of interest (active agents) and agents without any observations (passive agents). In this paper, we introduce a new class of active-passive dynamic consensus filters using results from graph theory and systems science. Specifically, the proposed filters only require agents to exchange their current state information with neighbors in a simple and isotropic manner to reduce the overall information exchange cost of the network. In addition, we allow the roles of active and passive agents to be time-varying for making these filters suitable for a wide range of multiagent systems applications. We show that the proposed active-passive dynamic consensus filters enable the states of all agents to converge to an adjustable neighborhood of the average of the observations sensed by a time-varying set of active agents.
An Accurate Method to Distinguish Between Stationary Human and Dog Targets Under Through-Wall Condition Using UWB Radar (2019)

Research work on distinguishing humans from animals can help provide priority orders and optimize the distribution of resources in earthquake- or mining-related rescue missions. However, the existing solutions are few and their stability and accuracy of classification are less. This study proposes an accurate method for distinguishing stationary human targets from dog targets under through-wall condition based on ultra-wideband (UWB) radar. Eight humans and five beagles were used to collect 130 samples of through-wall signals using the UWB radar. Twelve corresponding features belonging to four categories were combined using the support vector machine (SVM) method. A recursive feature elimination (RFE) method determined an optimal feature subset from the twelve features to overcome overfitting and poor generalization. The results after ten-fold cross-validation showed that the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve can reach 0.9993, which indicates that the two subjects can be distinguished under through-wall condition. The study also compared the ability of the proposed features of four categories when used independently in a classifier. Comparison results indicated that wavelet entropy-corresponding features among them have the best performance. The method and results are envisioned to be applied in various practical situations, such as post-disaster searching, hostage rescues, and intelligent homecare.
A<i>PCSK9</i>Missense Variant Associated with a Reduced Risk of Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction (2008)

Patients Controls % Finland FINRISK 209 210 1.3 4.1 0.30 (0.11-0.84) 0.02 Sweden Malm Diet and Cancer Study -cardiovascular cohort 150 149 0.7 2.0 0.32 (0.07-1.61) 0.17 Spain Registre Gironi del Cor (REGICOR) 361 361 1.0 2.8 0.35 (0.15-0.82) 0.02 Seattle Heart Attack Risk in Puget Sound 542 631 0.9 1.9 0.45 (0.21-0.98) 0.
Marek's disease and new approaches to its control. (1995)

Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disorder induced by a herpesvirus. Several factors, including those virus-encoded and host-dependent, affect the course of the disease. Existing vaccination program is based on the use of attenuated strains of MD virus (MDV) serotype 1 and on strains of non-oncogenic serotype 2 (MDV2) and serotype 3 (herpesvirus of turkey-HVT) viruses. Failures resulting in disease progress have been reported and indicate need for production of new, more effective vaccines. It is likely that future development of MD vaccines will rely on recombinant molecules technology.
An optimal charge balancing model for fast distributed SystemC simulation in IP/SoC design (2004)

In this paper, we present a novel systematic approach to resolve the problem of charge balancing to reduce the simulation time for distributed simulation models. Our model is based on an exact method and permits obtaining an optimal repartition of the SystemC modules constituting a SoC on several simulators in geographically distributed hosts, connected through a network (Internet, Intranet). The model is an integer linear program with Boolean variables, where the objective is to minimize the simulation time, under some simple constraints. This keeps the program's complexity very acceptable. The effectiveness of this approach is shown on a packet routing switch example.
Clipping and Signal Determinism: Two Algorithms Requiring Validation (1973)

Two algorithms are proposed for recovering signals subjected to bandpass clipping and related types of nonlinear transformations. Both are based on contraction mapping principles and both seem to work experimentally, but neither has been validated formally. The conditions on signal determinism suggested by the algorithms have interesting practical implications.
Erratum: Time and spectral resolution in resonance scattering and resonance fluorescence (1978)

Elastic scattering of electrons
Effect of free cholesterol on incorporation of triolein in phospholipid bilayers (1987)

Triacylglycerols are the major substrates for lipolytic enzymes that act at the surface of emulsion-like particles such as triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, chylomicrons, and intracellular lipid droplets. This study examines the effect of cholesterol on the solubility of a triacylglycerol, triolein, in phospholipid surfaces. Solubilities of [carbonyl-13C]triolein in phospholipid bilayer vesicles containing between 0 and 50 mol % free cholesterol, prepared by cosonication, were measured by 13C NMR. The carbonyl resonances from bilayer-incorporated triglyceride were shifted downfield in the 13C NMR spectra from those corresponding to excess, nonincorporated material. This enabled solubilities to be determined directly from carbonyl peak intensities at most cholesterol concentrations. The bilayer solubility of triolein was inversely proportional to the cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratio. In pure phospholipid vesicles the triolein solubility was 2.2 mol %. The triglyceride incorporation decreased to 1.1 mol % at a cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratio of 0.5, and at a mole ratio of 1.0 for the bilayer lipids, the triolein solubility was reduced to just 0.15 mol %. The effects of free cholesterol were more pronounced and progressive than observed previously on the bilayer solubility of cholesteryl oleate (Spooner, P. J. R., Hamilton, J. A., Gantz, D. L., & Small, D. M. (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 860, 345-353]. As with cholesteryl oleate, we suggest that cholesterol also displaces solubilized triglyceride to deeper regions of the bilayer.
On the use of classical and conical diffraction mountings for xuv gratings (1978)

A description is given of the properties of plane diffraction gratings used in conical diffraction. Formulas are given for computing the direction of the diffracted orders. Experiments were performed to investigate the behavior of gratings used on conical diffraction mountings. Comparisons made with classical diffraction mountings show a significant increase in the efficiency of the −1 order. An empirical formula to predict the efficiencies of gratings used in conical diffraction mountings has been verified by the measurements.