gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minireview: Translocator Protein (TSPO) and Steroidogenesis: A Reappraisal (2015)

The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), also known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, is a transmembrane protein in the outer mitochondrial membrane. TSPO has long been described as being indispensable for mitochondrial cholesterol import that is essential for steroid hormone production. In contrast to this initial proposition, recent experiments reexamining TSPO function have demonstrated that it is not involved in steroidogenesis. This fundamental change has forced a reexamination of the functional interpretations made for TSPO that broadly impacts both basic and clinical research across multiple fields. In this minireview, we recapitulate the key studies from 25 years of TSPO research and concurrently examine their limitations that perhaps led towards the incorrect association of TSPO and steroid hormone production. Although this shift in understanding raises new questions regarding the molecular function of TSPO, these recent developments are poised to have a significant positive impact for research progress in steroid endocrinology.
Structural and conformational analogues of L-methionine as inhibitors of the enzymatic synthesis of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. II. Aromatic amino acids. (1974)

A series of aromatic amino acids structurally related to L-methionine were synthesized as potential inhibitors of the enzymatic formation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine by partially purified preparations of ATP:L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.6) of bakers’ yeast, Escherichia coli, and rat liver. 2-Amino-5-phenylpentanoic acid was a considerably better inhibitor of the liver enzyme than 2-aminopentanoic acid (norvaline) but produced no inhibition of the yeast and E. coli enzymes. (E)-2-Amino-5-phenyl-4-pentenoic and 2-amino-5-phenyl-4-pentynoic acids were superior in their inhibitory activity to the corresponding chain-saturated analogues. The phenyl group thus imparts a favorable influence on the inhibitory power. S-Phenyl-DL-homocysteine is an even more potent inhibitor of the liver enzyme, but is also devoid of activity in the microbial enzyme systenms. O-Phenyl-DL-homoserine displays similar properties, but was not quite as effective as the sulfur analogue. In order to evaluate the effect of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents on the phenyl ring, the following compounds were synthesized: O-(p-fluorophenyl)-DL-homoserine, O-(p-chlorophenyl)-DL-homoserine, O-(p-bromophenyl)-DL-homoserine, O-(p-nitrophenyl)-DL-homosenine, O-(p-methoxyphenyl)-DL-homoserine, O-(p-methylphenyl)-DL-homoserine, O-(m-chorophenyl)-DL-homoserine, O-(m-bromophenyl)-DL-homoserine, O-(m-nitrophenyl)-DL-homoserine, and O-(m-methoxyphenyl)-DL-homoserine. When the inhibitory potencies of these compounds (expressed as pI50 values) were analyzed in terms of the Hammett σ values of the substituents, the inhibitory potency was correlated with the positive magnitudes of the σ values. If the anomalous nitro compounds are excluded, the Hammett sigma-rho equation PI50 = 1.45σ + 1.82 is obtained by least-squares linear regression analysis. This finding suggests that the electron-withdrawing substituents are most favorable for inhibition, and that the creation in the analogue of a partial positive charge at the heteroatom bearing the phenyl group may resemble most closely the transition state of the enzymatic reaction, in which the thioether group of L-methionine is converted to the positively charged sulfonium group of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. O-Methyl-DL-homoserine is a strong inhibitor of the adenosyltransferases of yeast, E. coli, and rat liver, and especially powerful for the E. coli enzyme. Since it has been shown that this compound inhibits the growth of certain microorganisms and viruses, as well as displaying certain specific toxicities in rodents the possibility should be considered that these effects are due to inhibition of the adenosyltransferase reaction.
Internalization <i>via</i> Antennapedia protein transduction domain of an scFv antibody toward c‐Myc protein (2007)

We constructed a single-chain variable fragment miniantibody (G11-scFv) directed toward the transactivation domain of c-Myc, which is fused with the internalization domain Int of Antennapedia at its carboxyl terminus (a cargo-carrier construct). In ELISA experiments, an EC(50) for binding saturation was achieved at concentrations of G11-scFv-Int(-) of approximately 10(-8) M. Internalization of a fluoresceinated Fl-G11-scFv-Int(+) construct was observed in intact human cultured cells with confocal microscopy. After 5 h of incubation in medium containing 1 microM Fl-G11-scFv-Int(+) or Fl-G11-scFv-Int(-), fluorescence intensity was determined in individual cells, both for cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments: concentration levels of Fl-G11-scFv-Int(+), relative to the extracellular culture medium concentration, were 4-5 times higher in the cytoplasm, 7-8 times higher in the nucleus, and 10 times higher in the nucleoli. In the same experimental conditions, the Fl-G11-scFv-Int(-) construct was 3-4 times more concentrated outside of the cells than inside. Cell membranes kept their integrity after 5 h of incubation. The antiproliferative activity of our miniantibody was studied on HCT116 cells. Incubation with 4 microM G11-scFv-Int(+) for 4 days induced very significant statistical and biological growth inhibition, whereas Int alone was completely inactive. Miniantibodies capable of penetrating cell membranes dramatically broaden the potential for innovative therapeutic agents and attack of new targets.
Electron accelerators for industrial processing—a review (1999)

The applications of over 1000 electron beam (EB) accelerator processors used recently worldwide span technological fields from material modification to medical sterilization and food processing. The performance level achieved by the main manufacturers is demonstrated by some selected parameters of processors in the energy range from 0.1 MeV to 10 MeV. The design of the new generation of low cost compact in-line and stand-alone accelerators is discussed.
Simulating Correlated Lumber Properties Using a Modified Multivariate Normal Approach (1988)

ABSTRACT Amethod is presented for simulating correlated, non-normal lumber properties using a transformation of the multivariate normal distribution. The approach presented here preserves the exact marginal distributions of multiple random variables and appears to accurately model their correlation. This method can be applied to many engineering areas that use Monte Carlo simulation.
Preventing stroke in atrial fibrillation. (1997)

Atrial fibrillation, a common cardiac arrhythmia, is now recognized as a powerful risk factor for stroke. Previously, atrial fibrillation was thought to predispose persons to stroke only in the presence of rheumatic heart disease with mitral stenosis. The significant impact of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation on stroke incidence, recurrence and mortality was not fully appreciated. A series of clinical trials have confirmed that a five-fold increase in stroke incidence occurs in patients with atrial fibrillation, and that warfarin anticoagulation is efficacious in stroke prevention. This anticoagulation benefit was achieved with an acceptably low risk of serious hemorrhage.
How to reduce costs in amine-sweetening units (1983)

To truly minimize capital and operating costs in amine-sweetening units, the designer must examine alternative flow schemes. For example, for streams with high acid gas content, absorbers with multiple feeds are desirable to greatly reduce the amine flow rate to the top of the absorber. Absorbers in series are very useful for sweetening low-pressure gas streams that must be compressed to higher pressures; this scheme calls for lower circulation and steam rates than do other alternatives. A split flow plant is preferable for sweetening gas streams with a high H/sub 2/S/CO/sub 2/ ratio, a low H/sub 2/s specification in the sweet gas, and a low stripper pressure. Significant reductions in equipment sizes and steam requirements can also be realized for this configuration.
Mining heterogeneous information networks (2013)

Most objects and data in the real world are of multiple types, interconnected, forming complex, heterogeneous but often semi-structured information networks. However, most network science researchers are focused on homogeneous networks, without distinguishing different types of objects and links in the networks. We view interconnected, multityped data, including the typical relational database data, as heterogeneous information networks, study how to leverage the rich semantic meaning of structural types of objects and links in the networks, and develop a structural analysis approach on mining semi-structured, multi-typed heterogeneous information networks. In this article, we summarize a set of methodologies that can effectively and efficiently mine useful knowledge from such information networks, and point out some promising research directions.
Kiwi: Synthesis of FPGA Circuits from Parallel Programs (2008)

We describe the Kiwi parallel programming library and its associated synthesis system which is used to transform C# parallel programs into circuits for realization on FPGAs. The Kiwi system is targeted at making reconfigurable computing technology accessible to software engineers that are willing to express their computations as parallel programs. Although there has been much work on compiling sequential C-like programs to hardware by automatically `discovering¿ parallelism, we work by exploiting the parallel architecture communicated by the designer through the choice of parallel and concurrent programming language constructs. Specifically, we describe a system that takes .NET assembly language with suitable custom attributes as input and produces Verilog output which is mapped to FPGAs. We can then choose to apply analysis and verification techniques to either the highlevel representation in C# or other .NET languages or to the generated RTL netlists. A distinctive aspect of our approach is the exploitation of existing language constructs for concurrent programming and synchronization which contrasts with other schemes which introduce specialized concurrency control constructs to extend a sequential language.
Polarity-reversal catalysis of hydrogen-atom abstraction reactions: concepts and applications in organic chemistry (1999)

The rates and selectivities of the hydrogen-atom abstraction reactions of electrically-neutral free radicals are known to depend on polar effects which operate in the transition state. Thus, an electrophilic species such as an alkoxyl radical abstracts hydrogen much more readily from an electron-rich C–H bond than from an electron-deficient one of similar strength. The basis of polarity-reversal catalysis (PRC) is to replace a single-step abstraction, that is slow because of unfavourable polar effects, with a two-step process in which the radicals and substrates are polarity-matched. This review explores the concept of PRC and describes its application in a variety of situations relevant to mechanistic and synthetic organic chemistry.
Transition and Modernization of the Internet Registration Service (1993)

As a result of the NREN NIS award by National Science Foundation, non-
DDN registration services will soon be transferred from the DDN NIC to
the new Internet Registration Service, which is a part of an entity
referred to as the InterNIC. This memo provides information for the
Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard.
Phenylalanine-stimulated secretion of cholecystokinin is calcium dependent (1995)

The secretion of cholecystokinin was examined in STC-1 cells, an intestinal cholecystokinin (CCK)-secreting cell line. Exposure to the amino acid L-phenylalanine increased release of CCK by 135%, 180%, and 251% of control levels after 15-min treatments with 5, 20, and 50 mM phenylalanine, respectively. L-Phenylalanine-induced secretion of CCK was inhibited by the calcium channel blocker diltiazem (10 microM). L-Phenylalanine (20 mM) also significantly increased cytosolic calcium levels in fura 2-acetoxymethyl ester (fura 2-AM)-loaded cells, and this increase was diltiazem sensitive. D-Phenylalanine, over the dose range of 5-50 mM, produced nonsignificant increases in CCK release. Treatment of STC-1 cells with 300 ng/ml of pertussis toxin for either 4 or 24 h did not significantly affect either basal release of CCK or L-phenylalanine-stimulated secretion. Patch-clamp recordings from cell-attached membrane patches showed a stimulation in calcium channel activity after L-phenylalanine. These results indicate that, in STC-1 cells, L-phenylalanine stimulates release of cholecystokinin via a calcium-dependent process.
Die Multiphotonen‐Ionisations(MUPI)‐Massenspektrometrie (1988)

Abstract Die Massenspektrometrie ist eines der wichtigsten analytischen Hilfsmittel in Chemie, Biologie, Medizin und verwandten Bereichen. In den letzten 30 Jahren wurden Methoden sowohl zur quantitativen als auch zur qualitativen Analyse unterschiedlichster Substanzen entwickelt. Von der Einführung des Lasers in die Chemie hat auch die Massenspektrometrie profitiert, da seine nicht‐linearen Eigenschaften und seine Abstimmbarkeit für sie grundsätzlich neue Möglichkeiten eröffnen. Die Multiphotonen‐Ionisations‐Massenspektrometrie verknüpft UV‐Spektroskopie und Massenspektrometrie, wodurch eine zweidimensionale Meßmethode entsteht, die substanzspezifische und sogar zustandsspezifische Analytik in bisher unbekanntem Maße ermöglicht. In diesem Fortschrittsbericht sollen Grundlagen und Möglichkeiten der MUPI‐Massenspektrometrie vorgestellt und an Untersuchungen von Aminosäuren, Peptiden, Chlorophyllen und Zuckern erläutert werden. Die Multiphotonen‐Ionisation läßt sich für jede Verbindung so steuern, daß ausschließlich das Molekülion gebildet wird. Durch Erhöhung der Laserlichtintensität lassen sich aber auch substanzspezifische Fragmentierungen des Moleküls einleiten, was zu einer einfachen und schnellen Identifizierung der Substanz beiträgt.
Gait Parameter Estimation From a Miniaturized Ear-Worn Sensor Using Singular Spectrum Analysis and Longest Common Subsequence (2014)

This paper presents a new approach to gait analysis and parameter estimation from a single miniaturized ear-worn sensor embedded with a triaxial accelerometer. Singular spectrum analysis combined with the longest common subsequence algorithm has been used as a basis for gait parameter estimation. It incorporates information from all axes of the accelerometer to estimate parameters including swing, stance, and stride times. Rather than only using local features of the raw signals, the periodicity of the signals is also taken into account. The hypotheses tested by this study include: 1) how accurate is the ear-worn sensor in terms of gait parameter extraction compared to the use of an instrumented treadmill; 2) does the ear-worn sensor provide a feasible option for assessment and quantification of gait pattern changes. Key gait events for normal subjects such as heel contact and toe off are validated with a high-speed camera, as well as a force-plate instrumented treadmill. Ten healthy adults walked for 20 min on a treadmill with an increasing incline of 2% every 2 min. The upper and lower limits of the absolute errors using 95% confidence intervals for swing, stance, and stride times were obtained as 35.5 ±3.99 ms, 36.9 ±3.84 ms, and 17.9 ±2.29 ms, respectively.
Documenting software systems with views (1992)

Software professionals rely on internal documentation as an aid in understanding programs. Unfortunately, the documentation for most programs is usually out-of-date and cannot be trusted. Without it, the only reliable and objective information is the source code itself. Personnel must spend an inordinate amount of time exploring the system by looking at low-level source code to gain an understanding of its functionality. One way of producing accurate documentation for an existing software system is through reverse engineering. This paper outlines a reverse engineering methodology for building subsystem structures out of software building blocks, and describes how documenting a software system with views created by this process can produce numerous benefits. It addresses primarily the needs of the software engineer and technical manager as document users.
Silicon ring isolators with bonded nonreciprocal magneto-optic garnets (2011)

A ring isolator is demonstrated for the first time by directly bonding a cerium-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Ce:YIG) onto a silicon ring resonator using oxygen plasma enhanced bonding. The silicon waveguide is 600 nm wide and 295 nm thick with 500-nm-thick Ce:YIG on the top to have reasonable nonreciprocal effect and low optical loss. With a radial magnetic field applied to the ring isolator, it exhibits 9-dB isolation at resonance in the 1550 nm wavelength regime.
Introduction (2014)

This book is born out of the near-silence surrounding the lives of queer Caribbean citizens. In most Caribbean countries, homosexuality is still illegal, and gay men and lesbians from the region live within cultures and countries that sometimes do not consider them fully human, much less full citizens. Organizations such as J-FLAG (the Jamaica Forum for Lesbians, All-Sexuals and Gays), CAISO (Coalition Advocating for the Inclu- sion of Sexual Orientation) in Trinidad, and SASOD (the Society Against Sexual-Orientation Discrimination) in Guyana have worked tirelessly to fight homophobia and to promote queer-positive environments, but their efforts are deployed against homophobic discourses that are deeply systemic and that impose harsh discipline (physical, mental, discursive) on those who attempt to insert queerness into national, regional, and human-rights discussions.
Pivotal roles of the parasite PGD<sub>2</sub> synthase and of the host D prostanoid receptor 1 in schistosome immune evasion (2003)

Prostaglandins (PG) are important modulators of immune and inflammatory responses. We recently demonstrated that the production of PGD(2) by the helminthic parasite Schistosoma mansoni inhibits the migration of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) to the draining lymph nodes (DLN). Here, we identify the responsible parasite enzyme as being a 28-kDa glutathione-S-transferase (termed Sm28GST). Intradermal injection of Sm28GST in wild-type (WT), but not in D prostanoid receptor (DP) 1-deficient mice abrogates the departure of LC from the epidermis after TNF-alpha or FITC treatment. During infection, DP1 deficiency restores LC migration, but does not enhance the rate of T cell proliferation in the skin DLN. However, relative to WT mice, DLN cells from DP1-deficient infected mice produce dramatically less IFN-gamma and IL-10, but equal amount of IL-4. Interestingly, infected DP1-deficient mice develop a more Th2-biased humoral immune response, a significantly reduced parasitemia and a decreased egg-induced inflammatory response in the liver and intestines. Taken together, we propose that DP1 activation by the Sm28GST-derived PGD(2) could represent a strategy for the schistosome to evade host immune defenses. We also suggest that DP1 is important in the Th1/Th2 balance of the immune response and in inflammatory reactions during infection.
The Usage of Microsoft Push Notification Service on Mobile Devices (2011)

Along with the increasing in demand of mobile computing, Push Notification (PN) is widely used in mobile phones and other devices. PN allows the developer to send messages to the end users even when the client application is not running at the moment. This solves the problem produced by non-supported multi-tasking feature as well as saving battery life. Microsoft Push Notification Service (MPNS) is one solution to use PNs in Windows Phones. The thesis gives the developers an idea of how to use PNs by introducing MPNS, comparing MPNS with other Push Notification Services, usage of different PN types analysis, and PN simulation system implementation.
Comparison of Outcomes of Hematopoietic Cell Transplants from T-Replete Haploidentical Donors Using Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide with 10 of 10 HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 Allele-Matched Unrelated Donors and HLA-Identical Sibling Donors: A Multivariable Analysis Including Disease Risk Index (2015)

Outcomes of 475 consecutive patients undergoing first allogeneic transplantation for hematologic malignancy performed using T-replete HLA-haploidentical donors and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (HIDT; n = 116) were compared with contemporaneous patients transplanted from 10 of 10 HLA allele-matched unrelated donors (MUDT; n = 178) or HLA-identical sibling donors (MRDT; n = 181). Uniform supportive care measures and assessments were used. Median follow-up was 45 months. HIDT patients were more likely than MUDT patients to be black (44% versus 2%; P < .001). At 2 years after transplantation, estimates of overall survival were 57% for HIDT, 59% for MUDT, and 72% for MRDT (P not significant [NS] for HIDT versus MUDT; P = .02 for HIDT versus MRDT); corresponding disease-free survival rates were 54%, 50%, and 56% (P NS for both comparisons). The respective cumulative incidences (CIs) of nonrelapse mortality were 17%, 16%, 14%, and those of relapse were 29%, 34%, and 30% (P NS for all). The respective CIs of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grade II-IV were 41%, 48%, and 28% (P = NS for HIDT versus MUDT; P = .005 for HIDT versus MRDT). At 2 years, the respective CIs of moderate/severe chronic GVHD were 31%, 47%, and 44% (P = .004 for HIDT versus MUDT; P = .032 for HIDT versus MRDT) and 19% of HIDT recipients, 42% of MUDT recipients, and 35% of MRDT recipients were on systemic immunosuppressive treatment (P = .007 for HIDT versus MUDT). In recipients of peripheral blood stem cell grafts, the incidence of moderate-severe chronic GVHD was significantly lower in HIDT recipients compared with MUDT recipients (2-year CI, 25% versus 48%; P = .002). In a multivariate analysis incorporating Disease Risk Index and other significant covariates, survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; P = .15) and disease-free survival (HR, 0.96; P = .79) were not significantly different between HIDT and MUDT recipients, but the incidence of chronic GVHD was lower in HIDT recipients (moderate-severe, HR, 0.59; P = .007). HIDT produced similar long-term survival with lower rates of chronic GVHD than optimally matched MUDT. HIDT should be considered a standard of care option for patients lacking a matched sibling donor.
Little, J.I. <i>Crofters and Habitants: Settler Society, Economy, and Culture in a Quebec Township, 1848-1881</i> (1993)

Little, J.I. Crofters and Habitants: Settler Society, Economy, and Culture in a Quebec Township, 1848-1881. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1991. (Studies on the History of Québec/Études d'histoire du Québec, 2.) Pp. xxii, 368. Illustrations, maps, bibliography and index. $44.95 cloth. An article from journal Urban History Review / Revue d'histoire urbaine (Volume 21, Number 2, March 1993, pp. 75-142), on Érudit.
Introduction (2011)

This introductory chapter explains the theoretical analysis of settler colonialism conditioning the formation of Native and non-Native queer modernities in conversation. It draws from and advances Native, feminist, critical race, and queer studies by emphasizing Indigenous feminist and queer thought and Native queer and Two-Spirit activism. It examines how settler colonial power relations among Native and non-Native people define the status “queer.” It explains that modern queer subjects, politics, and culture have developed among Natives and non-Natives in interrelated, yet distinct, ways. Native queer cultures and politics critique colonial heteropatriarchy by asserting Indigenous methods of national survival, decolonization, and traditional renewal, including within Two-Spirit identity. Additionally, the chapter explains the narrative relationships among queer subjects by situating them within ethnographic and historical accounts of U.S. queer politics.