gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Significant retrieval of lost evanescent power by tuning modes close-to-cutoff with a gel-coated taper (2011)

We report a fiber-optic evanescent-wave (EW) sensor capable of dramatically increasing the power collection level by capturing the EW power that is normally lost. The key element is a taper with a thin overlay that is completely separated from the sample by an arbitrary distance and thus operates remotely within the instrumentation system. A two-stage tuning of the close-to-cutoff modes occurring within this element is proposed to interpret the observed phenomenon.
Fabrication of lateral resonant tunneling devices (1992)

Lateral resonant tunneling transistors have been fabricated in the InAlAs/InGaAs material system lattice matched to InP. Lateral tunnel barriers are formed in the plane of a two-dimensional electron gas confined at a modulation-doped heterointerface by depletion regions induced by top-contact metal gates. The device is structurally similar to a dual-gate modulation-doped field effect transistor with nanoscale gates. The metal gates are written by e-beam lithography. Device results include multiple negative differential resistance peaks for temperatures as high as 20 K. Using the substrate as a backgate, multiple regions of negative transconductance are also observed.
Susceptibility of Lipopolysaccharide Mutants to the Bactericidal Action of Human Neutrophil Lysosomal Fractions (1977)

Acetate extracts of purified human neutrophil granules (a mixed population containing specific and azurophil granules) were dialyzed against phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.0) and tested for bactericidal activity against smooth parent and rough mutant, gram-negative bacteria. Rough (Re) mutants of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Salmonella minnesota were exquisitely more sensitive to extracts of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules than were their smooth (S) parents. The mean lethal dose (LD(50)) for the parent strains was 25 to 50 mug of granule protein per ml. As much as 500 mug of extract per ml failed to kill 100% of the S parents. The LD(50) for the rough mutants was 1.5 to 2.0 mug of the same granule extract per ml; 100% killing occurred with 5 to 10 mug of lysosomal protein per ml. Conditions affecting the growth of the bacteria greatly affected their sensitivity to the granule extracts. Granule extract killed bacteria grown with aeration to log phase 10 to 15 times more efficiently than the same bacteria grown to stationary phase under static conditions. The bactericidal incubation mixture also influenced results, in that greater killing occurred with tryptone than with phosphate or N-2-hydroxyethyl piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid-buffered saline. Bactericidal activity depended on lysosomal protein concentration, time, and temperature. Boiled lysosomal fractions failed to kill the S parents but retained 20 to 50% of their ability to kill the Re mutants. Parents (smooth) were killed more efficiently at pH 5 to 6, whereas their Re mutants were killed more efficiently at pH 7 to 8.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Growth of the Infinite Layer Phase of SrCuO2 by Pulsed Laser Deposition. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mixture Of Designer Experts For Multi-Regime Detection In Streaming Data (2012)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012
Blood pool agent contrast-enhanced MRA: level-set-based artery-vein separation (2002)

Blood pool agents (BPAs) for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) allow prolonged imaging times for higher contrast and resolution by imaging during the steady-state when the contrast agent is distributed through the complete vascular system. However, simultaneous venous and arterial enhancement hampers interpretation. It is shown that arterial and venous segmentation in this equilibrium phase can be achieved if the central arterial axis (CAA) and central venous axis (CVA) are known. Since the CAA can not straightforwardly be obtained from the steady-state data, images acquired during the first-pass of the contrast agent can be utilized to determine the CAA with minimal user initialization. Utilizing the CAA to provide a rough arterial segmentation, the CVA can subsequently be determined from the steady-state dataset. The final segmentations of the arteries and veins are achieved by simultaneously evolving two level-sets in the steady-state dataset starting from the CAA and CVA.
A 1-GOPS CMOS programmable video signal processor (2003)

The specifications for a 1-GOPS CMOS programmable video signal processor are presented. To perform the specified functions using a single chip, four macro blocks, each including a fourth-order inner-product circuit, a shift register with switches, a barrel shifter, and a nonlinear mapper (limiter) are used. The adders are provided at the multiplier input for a symmetric FIR (finite impulse response) filter. The macro blocks have the same configuration, and their function can be programmed externally. The blocks are connected to form a systolic array. A carry-ripple adder, which is usually the critical path of both a multiplier and an adder, is not used in this circuit. The layout of the LSI was generated by an automatic layout program. The sixteen multiplier-adders integrated in the chip are sufficient for most standard applications. It is expected that the LSI will be used for digital video equipment for conventional TV, high-definition television systems, and computer vision equipment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in renal medulla by tonicity in vivo and in vitro (1999)

Renal medullary prostaglandins are believed to exert an important functional role in antagonizing vasopressin effects in dehydration. Studies were undertaken to determine the effect of hyperosmolality on cyclooxygenase (COX) isoform expression in the renal medulla. COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA and protein levels were determined by RT-PCR or Western blotting in Sprague-Dawley rats on varying water intakes, in Brattleboro rats and in Long-Evans controls. Over a wide range of urinary tonicity, COX-2 expression correlated closely with urine osmolality levels (R = 0.872). COX-1 levels did not vary. Immunolocalization showed that the stimulation of COX-2 expression by dehydration occurred predominantly in the collecting duct. Hypertonicity caused by addition of NaCl produced a dose- and time-dependent stimulation of COX-2 expression in mIMCD-K2 cells as well as in MDCK cells. COX-1 was unaffected. In the same cell lines, mannitol, sucrose, and raffinose also had a stimulatory effect. The tonicity-stimulated COX-2 expression in mIMCD-K2 cells was almost completely blocked by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein at 100 microM. In MDCK cells transfected with a 2.7-kb COX-2 promoter and lacZ reporter construct, NaCl induced a twofold increase in beta-galactosidase activity. Using mIMCD-K2 cells, hypertonic NaCl (600 mosmol/kgH(2)O for 24 h) induced a 33-fold increase in PGE(2) release determined by enzyme immunoassay, an effect completely blocked by 3 microM indomethacin or the COX-2-specific blocker N-(2-cyclohexy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide (NS-398). We conclude that in inner medulla, COX-2 but not COX-1 is upregulated by hyperosmolality.
Interrelations among Effects of Temperature, Photoperiod, and Dark Period on Floral Initiation of Biloxi Soybean (1957)

1. Experiments with Biloxi soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) showed that length of photoperiod as well as length of dark period influenced the degree of flower initiation. With effective dark periods there were lower-critical, optimum, and- upper-critical lengths of photoperiods. With effective photoperiods there were lower-critical, optimum, and upper-critical lengths of dark periods when cycles were shorter than 36 hours long. 2. These critical and optimum lengths of photoperiod became shorter when accompanied by longer dark periods; the converse was also true for critical and optimum lengths of dark period in relation to the length of the accompanying photoperiod. 3. Cycles with photoperiods 8 hours long and cycle lengths ranging from 18 to 56 hours showed two distinct optimum lengths of dark periods. These optima differed in duration by about 24 hours. With relatively short dark periods there was a lower-critical duration below which, and with very long dark periods there was an upper-critical duration beyond which, flowering did not occur. In addition, flowering did not occur at dark periods of intermediate lengths. 4. When these results were plotted on the basis of length of cycle, maximum flowering occurred on cycles either 24 hours long or 48-52 hours long. Therefore, the flowering response in Biloxi soybean is apparently influenced to a marked degree by some endogenous rhythm of 24 hours' duration. 5. Cool temperature during part of the cycle markedly influenced the response of plants to variations in photoperiod, dark period, or length of cycle. When exposed to cool temperature during a portion of cycles of 32-36 hours, the plants flowered. If not exposed to cool temperature in similar cycles, they failed to flower. Cool temperature during a portion of a cycle seemed to have some influence on the endogenous rhythm, so that the length of the rhythmic cycle was other than 24 hours. 6. A discussion is given of the possible nature of this endogenous rhythm and its relationship to the photoperiodic results. Two tentative hypotheses are presented which might explain the results obtained with cycles of different durations at both normal and low temperatures.
Effects of Exogenous Corticosterone on Circulating Leukocytes of a Salamander (<i>Ambystoma talpoideum</i>) with Unusually Abundant Eosinophils (2010)

When animals become stressed, their levels of glucocorticoid hormones increase, causing white blood cells to move from tissues to circulation or vice versa. The primary alteration is an increase in the abundance of circulating neutrophils and a decrease in lymphocytes in circulation. A lesser-known effect is a decrease in the number of circulating eosinophils. Salamanders in the genus Ambystoma have unusually high numbers of circulating eosinophils, and as such, any effect of stress hormones on circulating leukocytes (especially eosinophils) of these species should be especially pronounced. We conducted an experiment to determine the effect of corticosterone administration on leukocyte counts (from blood smears) of A. talpoideum salamanders. Salamanders were captured and sampled as reference animals<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>11</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>, given a sham injection<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>8</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>, or injected with 0.1cc of a 100 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:math>g/mL corticosterone solution<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>28</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>. After 24 hours, relative neutrophil counts were higher and relative lymphocyte counts lower, in the corticosterone group than the sham and control groups. Absolute counts showed that this effect was driven by a reduction in lymphocytes, since neutrophil counts were statistically similar across treatments. Importantly, relative and absolute numbers of eosinophils decreased in the sham and corticosterone groups, confirming the sensitivity of this cell to stress in amphibians.
Alpha-Ketoglutarate Stimulates Procollagen Production in Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts, and Decreases UVB-Induced Wrinkle Formation Following Topical Application on the Dorsal Skin of Hairless Mice (2007)

Alpha-ketoglutarate is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, and a rate-limiting cofactor of prolyl-4-hydroxylase. It also has a potent effect on increasing the proline pool during collagen production, but the details underlying the boosting effect on collagen production by alpha-ketoglutarate remain as yet unreported. To investigate the effects of alpha-ketoglutarate on procollagen production and wrinkle formation, we conducted experiments in cultured human dermal fibroblasts and UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Based on ELISA measurements, alpha-ketoglutarate (10 microM) stimulated procollagen production in fibroblasts by 25.6+/-4.6% compared to vehicle (dH(2)O)-treated control cells. Also, we demonstrated that alpha-ketoglutarate increased activities of prolidase, which is known to play an important role in collagen metabolism, in fibroblasts and N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-proline (Cbz-Pro), prolidase inhibitor, inhibited procollagen synthesis by alpha-ketoglutarate in fibroblasts. To determine the effect of topically applied alpha-ketoglutarate on wrinkle formation, alpha-ketoglutarate (1%) and vehicle (70% propylene glycol, 30% ethanol) were applied on the dorsal skin of UVB-induced hairless mice for twelve weeks. We found that alpha-ketoglutarate decreased wrinkle formation upon long-term topical application. These results suggest that alpha-ketoglutarate diminishes UVB-induced wrinkle formation by increasing collagen production, through a pathway that involves prolidase activation. Therefore, application of alpha-ketoglutarate may represent an effective anti-wrinkle agent for the cosmetic field.
Hand Shape Recognition Using Fingertips (2008)

Recently the importance of studies to recognize the shape of human hands in realtime is being more stressed to implement the user-friendly user interface. However, human hands have a large degree of freedom and thus it is very difficult to accurately recognize the hand shape, especially in a complicated background of the color same as the skin color. In this study, we detect the fingertip, without any special sensors, by using the hand shape based on the skin color information detected by a camera. This paper describes an algorithm to show directions using the detected fingertip. This algorithm is used to detect the fingertip through template matching and then detect forward, backward, left and right directions based on the detected fingertip and wrist center information. We applied the algorithm to navigation in 3D virtual-reality space, and achieved a very good result in an experiment on the change of directions to forward, backward, left and right. It is expected that this algorithm can provide more natural interaction between man and computer by allowing the user to instruct change of directions intuitively without the aid of a mouse, a keyboard or a joystick.
Gaussian Process Belief Propagation (2007)

The framework of graphical models is a cornerstone of applied Statistics, allowing for an intuitive graphical specification of the main features of a model, and providing a basis for general Bayesian inference computations though belief propagation (BP).In the latter, messages are passed between marginal beliefs of groups of variables.In parametric models, where all variables are of fixed finite dimension, these beliefs and messages can be represented easily in tables or parameters of exponential families, and BP techniques are widely used in this case.In this paper, we are interested in nonparametric models, where belief representations do not have a finite dimension, but grow with the dataset size.In the presence of several dependent domain variables, each of which is represented as a nonparametric random field, we aim for a synthesis of BP and nonparametric approximate inference techniques.We highlight the difficulties in exercising this venture and suggest possible techniques for remedies.We demonstrate our program using the example of semiparametric latent factor models [15], which can be used to model conditional dependencies between multiple responses.
ULTRALOW‐EXPANSION CERAMICS IN THE SYSTEM NA <sub>2</sub> O‐ZRO <sub>2</sub> P <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> ‐SIO <sub>2</sub> (1984)

Compositions in the series Na 1+x Zr 2 P3‐ x Si x O 12 and Na 1+4z Zr 2 ‐ z P 3 O 12 , where x = 0≤x≤1 and z=0≤z≤1/2, have thermal expansions that can be controlled (by selecting the composition) to values in the range <10×10 ‐7 in a temperature regime of a few hundred degrees. The lowest a values were obtained for x ∼0.33 and z∼0.125.
Digital Image Compression Based on Visual Perception and Scene Properties (1993)

Digital compression techniques have made impressive progress in recent years. Frequently, a reader of a paper on compression is left with the impression that one is getting something for nothing; however, compression can only be achieved by leaving out unnecessary information about the image. A compression ratio of 20:1 simply means that 95% of the information in the original image has been eliminated. There are only two types of information that can be removed without seeing degradation in image quality: information that can be accurately predicted or information that the human visual system cannot see. This article will discuss present compression techniques in terms of these two factors and show how even further compression can be obtained by developing a complete understanding of scene properties and those of visual perception. From an analysis based on present knowledge of visual perception and scene statistics, compression ratios in excess of 50:1 should be achievable without perceptible degradation.
The Dynamics of Calcium Phosphate Precipitation Studied with a New Polyacrylamide Steady State Matrix-Model: Influence of Pyrophosphate, Collagen and Chondroitin Sulfate (1980)

A novel steady-state gel-matrix model system is described which facilitates the quantitative kinetic study of the influence of media and matrix composition on a precipitation process. The potentialities of the system are illustrated in experiments in which the precipitation of calcium phosphate in a polyacrylamide film is studied as a function of the calcium and phosphate concentration in the solutions flowing along opposite sides of the film. Addition of pyrophosphate to the reactant solutions was found to diminish the (calcium) x (phosphate) millimolar product at which precipitation starts, indicating a positive effect on nucleation. The slope of the curve was found to decrease, which points to a negative influence of pyrophosphate on the crystal growth process. Incorporation of collagen in the matrix did not change the curve, but incorporation of chondroitin sulfate decreased the formation product since the intercept of the curve was reduced. The usefulness of the system compared with test-tube and non-steady state gel experiments for calcium phosphate precipitation studies and its significance for the study of in vitro and in vivo precipitation processes in general, are discussed.
RECQL5 cooperates with Topoisomerase II alpha in DNA decatenation and cell cycle progression (2011)

DNA decatenation mediated by Topoisomerase II is required to separate the interlinked sister chromatids post-replication. SGS1, a yeast homolog of the human RecQ family of helicases interacts with Topoisomerase II and plays a role in chromosome segregation, but this functional interaction has yet to be identified in higher organisms. Here, we report a physical and functional interaction of Topoisomerase IIα with RECQL5, one of five mammalian RecQ helicases, during DNA replication. Direct interaction of RECQL5 with Topoisomerase IIα stimulates the decatenation activity of Topoisomerase IIα. Consistent with these observations, RECQL5 co-localizes with Topoisomerase IIα during S-phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, cells with stable depletions of RECQL5 display a slow proliferation rate, a G2/M cell cycle arrest and late S-phase cycling defects. Metaphase spreads generated from RECQL5-depleted cells exhibit undercondensed and entangled chromosomes. Further, RECQL5-depleted cells activate a G2/M checkpoint and undergo apoptosis. These phenotypes are similar to those observed when Topoisomerase II catalytic activity is inhibited. These results reveal an important role for RECQL5 in the maintenance of genomic stability and a new insight into the decatenation process.
Susceptibility of Elite <i>Acacia mearnsii</i> Families to Ceratocystis Wilt in South Africa (1999)

Ceratocystis albofundus is a recently described pathogen infectingAcacia mearnsii in South Africa, and it causes a disease known as Ceratocystis wilt. Symptoms of the disease include die-back, gummosis and wilting of infected trees. In order to select trees tolerant to this fungus, susceptibility tests were conducted on trees representing fourteen families ofA. mearnsii. A virulent isolate ofC. albofundus was selected and inoculated into the stems of twelve-month-old plants in a plantation. Lesion lengths, in the bark, and disease development were assessed after 6 weeks. All fourteen families ofA. mearnsii were susceptible to infection byC. albofundus. Considerable variation was, however, noticed between individual trees within the same family and the incorporation of disease tolerant trees into breeding programmes is proposed.
Effects of Particle Size on the Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass (2010)

Beech wood particles (cylinders) with varying particle sizes (1.5 ­15 mm) were pyrolyzed in a fed­batch­wise operated fluidized bed reactor. The effects of the particle size on the pyrolysis (conversion) time, char yield and oil (total liquid) yield and composition was studied at pyrolysis reactor temperatures of 400, 500 and 600 oC. It has been observed that with increasing particle size the amount of produced char increases and the oil yield decreases slightly. The oil composition, however, changes significantly while varying the particle size. More “lights” in the oil and a significant increase in the amount of produced water and water content of the oil have been observed with increasing particle size. The amount of water insoluble (high molecular mass) compounds decreases slightly as the particle size is increased. It has been proposed that the increasing char yield and varying oil composition as a result of increasing the particle size can be (partly) ascribed to the relative decrease of the evaporation rate over the reaction rates (polymerization and cracking) of the organic liquid present in the particle’s pores during pryolysis.