gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postacute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (2021)

The vast majority of patients (>99%) with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 survive immediate infection but remain at risk for persistent and/or delayed multisystem. This review of published reports through May 31, 2021, found that manifestations of postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (PASC) affect between 33% and 98% of coronavirus disease 2019 survivors and comprise a wide range of symptoms and complications in the pulmonary, cardiovascular, neurologic, psychiatric, gastrointestinal, renal, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems in both adult and pediatric populations. Additional complications are likely to emerge and be identified over time. Although data on PASC risk factors and vulnerable populations are scarce, evidence points to a disproportionate impact on racial/ethnic minorities, older patients, patients with preexisting conditions, and rural residents. Concerted efforts by researchers, health systems, public health agencies, payers, and governments are urgently needed to better understand and mitigate the long-term effects of PASC on individual and population health.
The effects of epithelium removal on the actions of cholinomimetic drugs in opened segments and perfused tubular preparations of guinea‐pig trachea (1990)

1. Isolated segments of guinea-pig trachea or perfused tracheal tubes were arranged for the recording of trachealis tension changes in Krebs solution containing indomethacin (2.8 microM). 2. In opened tracheal segments, epithelium removal caused modest (2-3 fold) potentiation of the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) and methacholine (MeCh) but failed to potentiate carbachol (CCh), bethanechol (BeCh), oxotremorine or KCl. 3. Pretreatment with ecothiopate potentiated effects of ACh and MeCh but not of CCh or BeCh. Removal of epithelium in ecothiopate-treated tissue potentiated effects of ACh and MeCh but not of CCh or BeCh. 4. Guinea-pig ileum challenged with ACh was used as a bioassay system for cholinesterase activity. Scrapings of tracheal epithelium did not hydrolyse ACh. 5. Histochemical staining revealed no fibres positive for acetylcholinesterase or pseudocholinesterase in the tracheal epithelium. However, the underlying tissues contained acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibres and the trachealis muscle itself stained positively for pseudocholinesterase activity. 6. Neither tetrodotoxin (3 microM) nor hexamethonium (500 microM) modified the ability of epithelium removal to potentiate ACh. 7. In perfused tracheal tubes where spasmogens were added to the luminal perfusate, epithelium removal potentiated effects of ACh (31 fold), CCh (10 fold), oxotremorine (2 fold) and KCl. 8. In perfused tracheal tubes where spasmogens were added to the Krebs solution superfusing the adventitial surface of the tissue, epithelium removal significantly reduced the potency of CCh, oxotremorine and KCl. 9. It is concluded that the selectivity and magnitude of the potentiation of cholinomimetics caused by epithelium removal depends on the route by which the cholinomimetic agent gains access to the trachealis muscle. The potentiation of acetic acid esters of choline seen in opened tracheal segments does not reflect the loss of epithelial cholinesterase activity and does not depend on the activity of nervous reflex arcs in the tracheal wall. The reduced potency of adventitially-applied cholinomimetics and KCl seen in epithelium-denuded tissue strongly suggests that the epithelium can moderate trachealis sensitivity to cholinomimetic agents not only by releasing epithelium-derived relaxing factor but also by acting as a barrier to drug diffusion.
From gesture to action : natural user interfaces (1999)

It is time to go beyond the established approaches in user-system interaction (USI). After a serious critic of well established interaction styles we discuss the two known approaches to overcome the obstacles and limitations: (1) [immersive] Virtual Reality (VR), and (2) Augmented Reality (AR). Both design strategies are diametrically opposed: VR enriches the virtual world with real humans, while AR augments the real world with intelligent features. Only with the AR design strategy humans are able to behave as much as possible in a natural way: behavior of humans in the real world with other humans and/or real world objects. Our interest in user centred design let us follow this idea. Based on the fundamental constraints of natural way of interacting we derive a set of recommendations for the next generation of user interfaces: the Natural User Interface (NUI). The concept of NUI is discussed in form of a general framework and in form of several NUI-like applications. Finally we describe the interdisciplinary research topics that must be taken into consideration to come up one day--in the near future--with a welldesigned NUI. 1. Why do we need a new interaction technique?
MEMS and Microstructures in Aerospace Applications (2010)

The promise of MEMS for aerospace applications has been germinating for years, and current advances bring the field to the very cusp of fruition. Reliability is chief among the challenges limiting the deployment of MEMS technologies in space, as the requirement of zero failure during the mission is quite stringent for this burgeoning field. MEMS and Microstructures in Aerospace Applications provides all the necessary tools to overcome these obstacles and take MEMS from the lab bench to beyond the exosphere.The book begins with an overview of MEMS development and provides several demonstrations of past and current examples of MEMS in space. From this platform, the discussion builds to fabrication technologies; the effect of space environmental factors on MEMS devices; and micro technologies for space systems, instrumentation, communications, thermal control, guidance navigation and control, and propulsion. Subsequent chapters explore factors common to all of the described systems, such as MEMS packaging, handling and contamination control, material selection for specific applications, reliability practices for design and application, and assurance practices.Edited and contributed by an outstanding team of leading experts from industry, academia, and national laboratories, MEMS and Microstructures in Aerospace Applications illuminates the path toward qualifying and integrating MEMS devices and instruments into future space missions and developing innovative satellite systems.
Stingray: high-speed control of small UGVs in urban terrain (2009)

For the TARDEC-funded Stingray Project, iRobot Corporation and Chatten Associates are developing technologies that will allow small UGVs to operate at tactically useful speeds. In previous work, we integrated a Chatten Head-Aimed Remote Viewer (HARV) with an iRobot Warrior UGV, and used the HARV to drive the Warrior, as well as a small, high-speed, gas-powered UGV surrogate. In this paper, we describe our continuing work implementing semiautonomous driver-assist behaviors to help an operator control a small UGV at high speeds. We have implemented an IMU-based heading control behavior that enables tracked vehicles to maintain accurate heading control even over rough terrain. We are also developing a low-latency, low-bandwidth, high-quality digital video protocol to support immersive visual telepresence. Our experiments show that a video compression codec using the H.264 algorithm can produce several times better resolution than a Motion JPEG video stream, while utilizing the same limited bandwidth, and the same low latency. With further enhancements, our H.264 codec will provide an order of magnitude greater quality, while retaining a low latency comparable to Motion JPEG, and operating within the same bandwidth.
Fabrication and characterization of natural origin chitosan‐ gelatin‐alginate composite scaffold by foaming method without using surfactant (2012)

Abstract A natural origin tripolymer scaffold from chitosan, gelatin, and alginate was fabricated by applying foaming method without adding any foam stabilizing surfactant. Previously, in foaming method of scaffold fabrication, toxic surfactants were used to stabilize the foam, but in this work, the use of surfactant has been avoided strictly, which can provide better environment for cellular response and viability. In foaming method, stable foam is produced simply by agitating the polymer (alginate‐gelatin) solution, and the foam is crosslinked with CaCl 2 , glutaraldehyde, and chitosan to produce tripolymer alginate‐gelatin‐chitosan composite scaffold. Microscopic images of the composite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the entire surface of the scaffold. The scaffold has a porosity of 90% with a mean pore size of 57 μm. Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold showed that the scaffold possesses excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability. In vitro cell culture studies by seeding L929 mouse fibroblast cells on scaffold revealed excellent cell viability, proliferation rate and adhesion as indicated by MTT assay, DNA quantification, and phase contrast microscopy of cell‐scaffold construct. The natural origin composite scaffold fabricated by the simplest method i.e., foaming method, but without adding any surfactant, is cheap, biocompatible, and it might find potential applications in the field of tissue engineering. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
RAD7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: transcripts, nucleotide sequence analysis, and functional relationship between the RAD7 and RAD23 gene products. (1986)

The RAD7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned on a 4.0-kilobase (kb) DNA fragment and shown to provide full complementation of a rad7-delta mutant strain. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.2-kb DNA fragment which contains the complete RAD7 gene was determined. Transcription of the RAD7 gene initiates at multiple sites in a region spanning positions -61 to -8 of the DNA sequence. The 1.8-kb RAD7 mRNA encodes a protein of 565 amino acids with a predicted size of 63.7 kilodaltons. The hydropathy profile of the RAD7 protein indicates a highly hydrophilic amino terminus and a very hydrophobic region toward the carboxyl terminus. A RAD7 subclone deleted for the first 99 codons complements the rad7-delta mutation, but not the rad7-delta rad23-delta double mutation, indicating that the RAD23 protein can compensate for the function that is missing in the amino-terminally deleted RAD7 protein. The RAD7 and RAD23 genes in multicopy plasmids do not complement the rad23-delta and rad7-delta mutations, respectively. These observations could mean that although the two proteins might share a common functional domain, they must also perform distinct functions. Alternatively, an interaction between the RAD7 and RAD23 proteins could also account for these observations.
Sunscreens (2005)

The increasing number of individuals affected by sun damage has inspired cosmetic chemists to research new vehicles for improved protection against UVA and UVB rays. This volume collects the latest research and perspectives on sunscreen development, assessment, formulation, and quality control from leading authorities in academia, industry, and the
Optimizing Fused Filament Fabrication 3D printing for durability : Tensile properties and layer bonding (2016)

With the rapid increase in utilization of the cheap and user friendly Fused Filament Fabrication, FFF 3D printer, a deeper knowledge about the technique is needful. The frame restricting the 3D printers for prototyping purposes is fading and a new phase of endless application possibilities is emerging. To bridge the gap in possible applications from prototypes to real products it is key to know and improve the factors affecting durability. With over a hundred settings and parameters to tweak the FFF 3D printing process there are a lot of opportunities, opportunities to optimize for durability.The tensile properties of some of the most used FFF 3D printing materials together with a few nylon based materials are examined, which are popular in engineering applications. The materials tested are ranging from rigid to flexible, rubber like materials. The most common failure scenario of a FFF 3D printed product is layer bonding failure. The factors affecting layer bonding performance are studied.The measurements are carried out using tensile testing equipment at Blekinge Institute of Technology. All tested specimens are manufactured at Creative Tools AB Halmstad with the FFF 3D printers Flashforge Dreamer and Makerbot Replicator 2X.The tensile strength of 3D printed PLA is found to be 51 MPa. PET has a tensile strength of 40 MPa and ABS 34 MPa. Stress-strain behavior of the materials shows that ABS is slightly softer than PLA and PET are slightly softer than ABS. PLA being the hardest material in the test. ISO 527-2 tensile testing standard is used but the tests diverge from the standard in several ways. The measurement data presented in this study can be very useful to guide the design engineer to choose the most durable plastic for the unique application.Five basic 3D printing settings are evaluated for layer bonding performance, by measuring the load capacity of a PLA specimen loaded transversally relative to the layers. Four of the settings show to possibly affect the layer bond’s load capacity by 50 % or more individually.The results of this study are presented in graphs, diagrams and pictures. These may help the 3D printer user to tweak basic settings to increase layer bonding performance and ultimately the durability of the product significantly.
Interventions Implemented to Reduce the Risk of Transmission of Bacteria by Transfusion in the English National Blood Service (2011)

SUMMARY: BACKGROUND: Bacterial contamination remains a significant problem in transfusion medicine. A National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) study and surveillance data indicated skin commensals derived from the skin of the donor are the major contaminants of blood components. NHSBT therefore explored two interventions: improved donor arm disinfection and diversion. METHODS: IMPROVED DONOR ARM DISINFECTION: Commercial and in-house methods of disinfection were evaluated. Swabs at the venepuncture site were taken before and after disinfection and the reduction in bioburden determined. Diversion: Special collection bags were manufactured to allow the initial volume of blood to flow into a pouch, representing the diversion pouch and then the next flow of blood into another pouch representing the collection bag. Pouches were screened for the presence of bacteria. The reduction in bacterial contamination was then determined. RESULTS: A two-step commercial procedure (Donor Prep Kit; DPK) consisting of 70% isopropyl alcohol followed by tincture of iodine was shown to be a best practice procedure (2-min procedure). A 99.79% reduction was obtained, and this method was 10 times more effective than current practice at that time. The DPK was shown in a field trial to increase donor waiting time. A second study was initiated to find a more rapid procedure. ChloraPrep®, consisting of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 70% isopropyl alcohol, was shown to have equivalent disinfection efficiency as the DPK, but only took 1 min to perform. In 2006, ChloraPrep was introduced as the national method of donor arm disinfection. Diversion was shown to give a 47% reduction in contamination and was introduced nationally in 2002. CONCLUSION: Improved donor arm disinfection and diversion are effective, low-cost interventions, but do not eliminate all bacterial transmissions. In 2011, bacterial screening of platelet components was introduced by NHSBT to further increase the safety of the blood supply.
Braiding hair by braid theory (2014)

In this paper, we propose a system based on braid theory that help users to generate customized hair braiding, which is a function that is lacking in most existing hair design software. Our user interface for braid design is built upon braid theory, which is a subarea of knot theory in mathematics. The user designs braid patterns using braid index, and specifies the amount of hair for each braid as well as the area over the head where the braid is to be made. Then, the system automatically braids the hair of the character and generates a realistic image of the designed hair style. Theoretically, our system can produce arbitrary kinds of braids. Our system can also judge if two braids are equivalent or not by making use of the transition rules of braid index, which helps to register designed braids to the database. The system is implemented as a Maya plugin, and can be combinedly used with various functions including physical simulation, hair rendering and hair texturing. Our user study shows that our toolkit is easy-to-use for novice users as well as experienced users.
A Comparison of Three Methods for Selecting Values of Input Variables in the Analysis of Output from a Computer Code (1979)

M. D. McKay, R. J. Beckman, W. J. Conover, A Comparison of Three Methods for Selecting Values of Input Variables in the Analysis of Output from a Computer Code, Technometrics, Vol. 21, No. 2 (May, 1979), pp. 239-245
Mycophenolate Mofetil-related Gastrointestinal Mucosal Injury: Variable Injury Patterns, Including Graft-versus-Host Disease-like Changes (2008)

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a commonly used immunosuppressive drug used in the management of transplant recipients. Although gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity is a known complication of MMF, the literature characterizing the pathologic features of MMF in the GI tract is sparse. This study characterizes the pathologic features of MMF toxicity in both the upper and lower GI tract, correlating it with clinical and endoscopic findings. Seventy-five GI biopsies (9 esophageal, 15 gastric, 16 duodenal, 5 ileal, 30 colonic) from 46 transplant recipients from 2002 to 2006 were obtained and assessed for multiple histologic features. Clinical features were recorded for all cases and endoscopic findings. Only MMF patients showed ulcerative esophagitis (5/7 cases) and reactive gastropathy (4/10 cases). Only MMF patients showed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-like features in duodenal (4/12 cases) and ileal (1/5 cases) biopsies. GVHD-like changes were seen more frequently among patients on MMF compared with those not on MMF [9 (56%) vs. 2 (14%); P=0.017]. Crypt architectural disarray [12 (75%) vs. 2 (14%); P=0.001], lamina propria edema [9 (56%) vs. 2 (14%); P=0.017], increased lamina propria inflammation [13 (81%) vs. 3 (21%); P=0.001], dilated damaged crypts [7 (44%) vs. 1 (7%); P=0.024], and increased crypt epithelial apoptosis [9 (56%) vs. 2 (14%); P=0.017] were more common with MMF patients compared with non-MMF patients. In conclusion, pathologists should be aware of the potential manifestations of MMF toxicity throughout the GI tract, including ulcerative esophagitis, reactive gastropathy, and GVHD-like features in intestinal biopsies.
Heuristic optimization of OLAP queries in multidimensionally hierarchically clustered databases (2001)

On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) is a technology that encompasses applications requiring a multidimensional and hierarchical view of data. OLAP applications often require fast response time to complex grouping/aggregation queries on enormous quantities of data. Commercial relational database management systems use mainly multiple one-dimensional indexes to process OLAP queries that restrict multiple dimensions. However, in many cases, multidimensional access methods outperform one-dimensional indexing methods. We present an architecture for multidimensional databases that are clustered with respect to multiple hierarchical dimensions. It is based on the star schema and is called CSB star. Then, we focus on heuristically optimizing OLAP queries over this schema using multidimensional access methods. Users can still formulate their queries over a traditional star schema, which are then rewritten by the query processor over the CSB star. We exploit the different clustering features of the CSB star to efficiently process a class of typical OLAP queries. We detect special cases where the construction of an evaluation plan can be simplified and we discuss improvements of our technique.
[Immediate and remote results of treatment of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda]. (1977)

An important task in trajectory analysis is defining a meaningful representative for a cluster of similar trajectories. Formally defining and computing such a representative r is a challenging problem. We propose and discuss two new definitions, both of which use only the geometry of the input trajectories. The definitions are based on the homotopy area as a measure of similarity between two curves, which is a minimum area swept by all possible deformations of one curve into the other. In the first definition we wish to minimize the maximum homotopy area between r and any input trajectory, whereas in the second definition we wish to minimize the sum of the homotopy areas between r and the input trajectories. For both definitions computing an optimal representative is NP-hard. However, for the case of minimizing the sum of the homotopy areas, an optimal representative can be found efficiently in a natural class of restricted inputs, namely, when the arrangement of trajectories forms a directed acyclic graph.
Laser beam steering and tracking using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (2003)

A linear one-dimensional, 1x4096 pixel, zero-twist nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) was evaluated for laser beam steering and tracking applications. The commercially obtained SLM is designed to operate at, λ = 850 nm, allowing more than 2 π phase modulation. Due to voltage leakage the phase modulation experienced by the wave front differed from the ideal calculated phase patterns. This cross talk between pixels reduces the diffraction efficiency. Different methods developed to compensate for this effect are presented. The usable steering range of the SLM was extended to ± 2 degrees using improved phase patterns. A simple model was developed to simulate the optical effects of the voltage leakage. Preliminary tracking experiments were carried out in a laboratory set-up using a moving corner cube retro reflector. The beam steering SLM was implemented in a transceiver for free-space optical communication. Initial results using the transceiver up to 180 m range are presented.
Emerging roles of deubiquitinases in cancer‐associated pathways (2010)

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are emerging as important regulators of many pathways germane to cancer. They may regulate the stability of key oncogenes, exemplified by USP28 stabilisation of c-Myc. Alternatively they can negatively regulate ubiquitin-dependent signalling cascades such as the NF-kappaB activation pathway. We review the current literature that associates DUBs with cancer and discuss their suitability as drug targets of the future.
<title>Advances in fiber optic-based UV resonance Raman spectroscopy techniques for anatomical and physiological investigations</title> (1999)

UV resonance Raman spectroscopy (UVRRS) is becoming a very popular spectroscopic method for bioanalytical investigations due to its high sensitivity, lack of fluorescence, and suitability for use in aqueous solutions. We have made a number of technological advances, especially the development of fiber-optic-based technologies, which permit the performance of remote/in-situ UVRRS measurements. We will be reporting on improved optical fiber probes and demonstrate their benefits in performing UVRRS on neurotransmitters, saliva, and urine.