gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spinal NTS2 receptor activation reverses signs of neuropathic pain (2013)

Management of painful peripheral neuropathies remains challenging, since patients with chronic pain respond poorly to the available pharmacopeia. In recent years, the G-protein-coupled receptor neurotensin (NT) type 2 (NTS2) emerged as an attractive target for treating transitory pain states. To date, however, there is no evidence for its role in the regulation of chronic peripheral neuropathies. Here, we found that NTS2 receptors were largely localized to primary afferent fibers and superficial dorsal horns. Changes in the time course of the gene expression profile of NT, NTS1, and NTS2 were observed over a 28-d period following the sciatic nerve constriction [chronic constriction injury (CCI) model]. We next determined the effects of central delivery of selective-NTS2 agonists to CCI-treated rats on both mechanical allodynia (evoked withdrawal responses) and weight-bearing deficits (discomfort and quality-of-life proxies). The NTS2 analogs JMV431, levocabastine, and β-lactotensin were all effective in reducing ongoing tactile allodynia in CCI-treated rats. Likewise, amitriptyline, pregabalin, and morphine significantly attenuated CCI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. NTS2 agonists were also efficient in reversing weight-bearing and postural deficits caused by nerve damage, unlike reference analgesics currently used in the clinic. Thus, NTS2 agonists may offer new treatment avenues for limiting pain associated with peripheral neuropathies and improve functional rehabilitation and well-being.
Assessment of Serum Antibodies in Patients With Rapidly Progressive SensorineuralHearing Loss and Meniere's Disease (1995)

The immunoreactivity of sera from patients with rapidly progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) or Menière's disease with bovine inner ear material was determined using the Western blot technique. Patients with other otologic conditions, autoimmune disorders, or arthritic disorders and age-matched randomly chosen patients with no hearing complaints served as controls. Twenty-two percent of the patients with bilateral rapidly progressive SNHL and 30% of the patients with Menière's disease had antibodies that reacted with a 68 kd antigen in the inner ear material. In the control groups, the incidence of reactivity was 5.0% (P < .001). When the results of this study were compiled with data collected previously, it was found that of 279 patients with bilateral rapidly progressive SNHL, 90 (32%) were positive with the 68 kd protein. Thus, the anti-68 kd antibody may provide a good marker for an immune etiology of these patients' hearing loss.
ω‐Conotoxin binding and effects on calcium channel function in human neuroblastoma and rat pheochromocytoma cell lines (1988)

Binding of omega-conotoxin, a peptide toxin specific for some subtypes of voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs), was investigated in IMR32 neuroblastoma and PC12 pheochromocytoma cell lines. In both cell types, binding was specific, saturable and of high affinity. Association was rapid and dissociation almost non-existent. Dihydropyridines and verapamil failed to affect toxin binding, while high concentrations of CaCl2 completely antagonized it. Depolarization with high K+ induced a [Ca2+]i rise (revealed by the fura-2 fluorimetric technique) that consisted of an initial (0.5-1 min) peak followed by a prolonged (several minutes) plateau phase. omega-Conotoxin blocked mainly the first phase, while the dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blocker, nitrendipine, primarily affected the plateau. This result suggests that in the two cell lines investigated, omega-conotoxin acts mainly on a subgroup of VOCCs that is resistant to dihydropyridines.
From splines to fractals (1989)

Deterministic splines and stochastic fractals are complementary techniques for generating free-form shapes. Splines are easily constrained and well suited to modeling smooth, man-made objects. Fractals, while difficult to constrain, are suitable for generating various irregular shapes found in nature. This paper develops constrained fractals , a hybrid of splines and fractals which intimately combines their complementary features. This novel shape synthesis technique stems from a formal connection between fractals and generalized energy-minimizing splines which may be derived through Fourier analysis. A physical interpretation of constrained fractal generation is to drive a spline subject to constraints with modulated white noise, letting the spline diffuse the noise into the desired fractal spectrum as it settles into equilibrium. We use constrained fractals to synthesize realistic terrain models from sparse elevation data.
Diverse transcriptional functions of the multisubunit eukaryotic TFIID complex. (1992)

Each eukaryotic promoter contains a unique array of DNA elements which bind specific transcriptional regulators (1).These promoter-specific factors, which include Spl, CTF, Ga14, USF, AP1, ATF, Octl, and many more, must in some way communicate with the basal transcription machinery (TFIIA, -B, -D, -E, -F, -G, and RNA polymerase 11) which is thought to be common to most, if not all, promoters of mRNA coding genes (illustrated in Fig. 1) (2).The basal factor TFIID is thought to be the key link between promoter-specific activators and the RNA polymerase I1 basal initiation machine (3-8).However, despite an intense effort, the molecular composition of the naturally occurring TFIID from higher eukaryotes and its role in basal and regulated transcription initiation remain a mystery.In this minireview we discuss the possibilities that the endogenous TFIID is a heterogeneous multisubunit complex and that different TFIID complexes play distinct roles in coordinating gene expression in eukaryotic cells.
Guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2004)

NICE guidelines are evidence based but will need regular updating
Blood Pressure–Independent Attenuation of Cardiac Hypertrophy by AT <sub>1</sub> R-AS Gene Therapy (2002)

Our studies have established that a single intracardiac administration of the retroviral vector containing angiotensin II type I receptor antisense gene causes prolonged antihypertensive actions in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. These results suggest that antisense gene therapy is a conceptually valid strategy for the control of hypertension at the genetic level. To evaluate whether attenuation of the pathophysiological aspects of hypertension are dependent on the blood pressure lowering actions of antisense gene therapy, we chose the renin transgenic rat as a hypertensive animal model and cardiac hypertrophy as the hypertension-associated pathophysiology. A single intracardiac administration of the retroviral vector containing angiotensin II type I receptor antisense in the neonatal rat resulted in long-term expression of the antisense transgene in various cardiovascular-relevant tissues, including the heart. This expression was associated with a significant attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy despite its failure to normalize high blood pressure. Developmental studies indicated that cardiac hypertrophy was evident as early as 16 days of age in viral vector-treated control transgenic rats, despite these animals exhibiting normal blood pressure. These observations demonstrate that, in the renin-transgenic rat, the onset of cardiac hypertrophy occurs during development and is prevented without normalization of high blood pressure. Collectively, these results provide further proof of the concept and indicate that antisense gene therapy could successfully target the local tissues' renin-angiotensin system to produce beneficial cardiovascular outcomes.
Effect of electrode substrate on the morphology and selectivity of overoxidized polypyrrole films (1991)

Polypyrrole (PP) films were electropolymerized on glassy carbon (GC) and rough pyrolytic graphite (RPG) electrodes and treated by overoxidation in sodium hydroxide and phosphate buffer. The effects of treatment on film morphology were investigated, including permselective response of treated films. Films grown on GC and RPG were also compared, and it was found that the substrate plays a definite role in the properties of the polymer layer. Differences in response to ionic probes on treated PP electrodes are shown to arise from the porosity of the membranes, which affects the electron density within the film due to the spacing of carbonyl groups introduced during treatment.
A Matrix for DNA Separation:  Genotyping and Sequencing Using Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Solution in Uncoated Capillaries (1998)

We report a new sieving matrix for DNA separation based on commercially available poly(vinylpyrrolidone). The new sieving matrix has a very low viscosity at moderate concentrations, e.g., 27 cP at 4.5%. Its excellent self-coating property can reduce electroosmotic flow to a negligible level. Column regeneration between runs is very simple and effective. Successful separations were achieved in uncoated capillaries. For genotyping, we show that D1S80 and amelogenin sex determination system can be baseline separated as double-stranded DNA, and vWF, TH01, TPOX, and CSF1PO short tandem repeats can be separated with single-base resolution as single-stranded DNA in this new matrix. Sequencing of M13mp18 showed good resolution up to 500 bases in a solution of high-molecular-weight fraction extracted from commercially available PVP. The feasibility of adaptation to a multicapillary array system is discussed.
Propagation of light waves in Thue-Morse dielectric multilayers (1997)

We investigate the propagation of light waves in an aperiodic multilayer which is composed of dielectric slabs arranged following the Thue-Morse sequence. Both refractive index modulation and optical thickness modulation are considered. The recursion relations of the transfer matrix elements are derived to calculate the transmission. By introducing a localization index we explore the localization properties of light in the aperiodic system. Around a particular center frequency (the midgap frequency of a periodic quarter-wavelength multilayer), the transmission is more sensitive to the optical thickness modulation.
Preference and operational acceptability of Flightdeck Interval Management avionics (2013)

This study investigated the relative acceptance of different avionics implementations that present Flightdeck Interval Management (FIM) speeds and speed deviations to commercial pilots, and for indications of conditions that require action. Results indicate a clear preference for an Avionics condition where target speed information was provided in the primary flight display, relevant traffic information was provided in the navigational display, IM clearance information and conformance information was provided in the Multi-function Control Display Unit (MCDU), and the engine-indicating and crew-alerting system (EICAS) display showed conformance deviation alerts; and a condition in which all this information was presented only in an Electronic Flight Bag (EFB)-like display (with extended functionality) implemented under the side window for both pilots. Other Avionics conditions tested were less desirable. These were conditions in which the EFB was mounted aft of, and below the side window - with and without an auxiliary display that repeated speed target and conformance information in the primary field of view. Results also indicate a preference for aural indications to direct attention to new speed targets, as a reminder to enter these when not done in a timely manner, and to convey when the aircraft has deviated significantly from the calculated FIM speed profile. The aural indications, thresholds for reminders and conformance indications used in this study were found to be appropriate. In general FIM, as implemented in this study, was perceived as having no deleterious effect on workload or crew coordination; and, under some conditions, was reported to have improved situation awareness of arrival speeds and general conditions during approach and descent.
Examination of Key Concepts and Issues in the Development of Employee Services (1995)

It is important to examine concepts and issues of employee services to determine it's past, present and future position in society. Historical and evolutionary approaches will help understand the developmental cycles and isolate a framework for new philosophies in the 21st century. This will help ensure an identity for employee services and add credibility and accountability. An examination of the relationship between the organization and the individual was the framework used in the analysis.
Report on workshop on high performance computing and communications for grand challenge applications: computer vision, speech and natural language processing, and artificial intelligence (1993)

The findings of a workshop, the goals of which were to identify applications, research problems, and designs of high performance computing and communications (HPCC) systems for supporting applications are discussed. In computer vision, the main scientific issues are machine learning, surface reconstruction, inverse optics and integration, model acquisition, and perception and action. In speech and natural language processing (SNLP), issues were identified statistical analysis in corpus-based speech and language understanding, search strategies for language analysis, auditory and vocal-tract modeling, integration of multiple levels of speech and language analyses, and connectionist systems. In AI, important issues that need immediate attention include the development of efficient machine learning and heuristic search methods that can adapt to different architectural configurations, and the design and construction of scalable and verifiable knowledge bases, active memories, and artificial neural networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection with femoral venous catheters as compared to subclavian and internal jugular venous catheters (2012)

Although earlier studies showed a lower risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections when the internal jugular was compared to the femoral site, recent studies show no difference in the rate of catheter-related bloodstream infections between the three sites.
Decaphenylstannocene, [.eta.5-(C6H5)5C5]2SnII: the first synmetrical main-group sandwich compound (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDecaphenylstannocene, [.eta.5-(C6H5)5C5]2SnII: the first synmetrical main-group sandwich compoundMary Jane Heeg, C. Janiak, and J. J. ZuckermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 15, 4259–4261Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00327a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00327a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views461Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Initial Extraction and Product Capture (1998)

A fermentation broth is a complex mixture of components that often contains only trace amounts of a desired product. Microorganisms typically produce a desired product at low concentration (<3% w/v), and in the early stages of research and development, desired compounds may only be present at the few parts per million concentration in fermentation broth, making the initial capture task even more challenging. The primary goals of the initial capture stage are to concentrate the product, separate the product from the biomass, and purify the product from dissimilar impurities. Final purification that separates closely related impurities is typically achieved via preparative chromatography or crystallization. In most situations, initial capture requires a sequence of operations to achieve the goal of a concentrated, sufficiently purified extract suitable for the final purification step, and, as such, it can represent a significant investment of resources. This chapter has four sections that focus on laboratory-scale capture steps: solids removal, solvent extraction, solid phase adsorption, and expanded bed adsorption. Although these techniques are widely applicable, most of this chapter is aimed at extraction of microbial fermentation broth. Techniques specific to initial extraction of plants and marine organisms can be found in Chapters 12 and 13, respectively. The first section describes laboratory-scale procedures for batch filtration and centrifugation. The second section describes solvent-extraction procedures with either water-miscible or -immiscible solvents. The third section describes using adsorbents for solid-phase extraction. The fourth section describes a technique known as expanded bed adsorption, which is unique in that it enables resin-column recovery of product directly from unclarified fermentation broth.
Postnatal inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (2014)

Exposure to hyperoxia, invasive mechanical ventilation, and systemic/local sepsis are important antecedents of postnatal inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This review will summarize information obtained from animal (baboon, lamb/sheep, rat and mouse) models that pertain to the specific inflammatory agents and signaling molecules that predispose a premature infant to BPD.
Megakaryocyte colony culture using a liver cell conditioned medium. (1979)

Megakaryocyte colonies may now be grown in semi-solid agar, agarose, and plasma clot systems using a variety of conditioned media. These include mitogen activated mouse spleen cells, L-cells (fibroblasts), and a myelomonocytic cell line. To these is now added a conditioned medium from BRL-3A, a rat liver cell line. Megakaryocytes show full maturation to cytoplasmic fragmentation in this system. It is suggested that colony stimulating factor for megakaryocytes may come from a variety of sources; the relationship of any of these to the physiological regulator or regulators remains quite unknown.
Development and Verification of Web-based Bridge Monitoring Interface (2013)

With the advancement of many off-the-shelf data acquisition systems readily available today and the availability of 3G and 4G high-speed wireless cellular networks, the potential for remote monitoring of critical bridges has never been better. Needs exist regarding scour and general structural response for long-term monitoring. However, short-term monitoring using quickly deployable, rugged systems are also desirable in cases where impact, fire, environmental effects, or other damage may occur. These robust systems can be deployed rapidly, and endure harsh elements, enabling DOTs to constantly assess and monitor a structure, or a network of structures. Hence, the objective of this project is to explore the feasibility and proof of concept of using a web-based bridge monitoring interface for use on selected INDOT bridges for both short-term and long-term applications. This report will focus on a single case study, the Virginia Ave Bridge over I-65 SB, a steel plate girder bridge that frequently falls victim to truck impact as a result of low clearance. This case study is uniquely different and provides insight into how targeted instrumentation systems can be used to probe specific parameters desired by owners for bridge condition assessment and monitoring. It will be shown how commercially available instrumentation systems can be tailored to fit any unique application required. Additionally, it will be demonstrated that INDOT benefited from this specific case of field-deployed, short-term monitoring, which included automated notifications of critical onsite conditions.
Modeling of DNA microarray data by using physical properties of hybridization (2003)

A method of analyzing DNA microarray data based on the physical modeling of hybridization is presented. We demonstrate, in experimental data, a correlation between observed hybridization intensity and calculated free energy of hybridization. Then, combining hybridization rate equations, calculated free energies of hybridization, and microarray data for known target concentrations, we construct an algorithm to compute transcript concentration levels from microarray data. We also develop a method for eliminating outlying data points identified by our algorithm. We test the efficacy of these methods by comparing our results with an existing statistical algorithm, as well as by performing a cross-validation test on our model.
Assessment of Cell Viability in Three-Dimensional Scaffolds Using Cellular Auto-Fluorescence (2011)

After assessing cell viability (CV), tissue-engineered constructs are often discarded, as current CV assays commonly require specific (fluorescent) dyes to stain cells and may need scaffold/tissue digestion before quantifying the live and dead cells. Here, we demonstrate and evaluate how cellular auto-fluorescence can be exploited to facilitate a noninvasive CV estimation in three-dimensional scaffolds using two advanced microscopy methods. Mixtures of live and dead C2C12 myoblasts (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% live cells) were prepared, and CV was determined before seeding cells into collagen carriers using the trypan blue (TB) assay. Cell-seeded collagen gels ([CSCGs], n=5/cell mixture) were produced by mixing collagen solution with the live/dead cell mixtures (7×10(6) cells/mL). After polymerization, two-photon microscopy (TPM) and confocal microscopy images of the CSCG were acquired (n=30 images/CSCG). It was found that live and dead cells systematically emit auto-fluorescent light with different spectral characteristics. Viable cells showed predominantly blue fluorescence with a peak emission around 470 nm, whereas dead cells appeared to mainly emit green fluorescent light with a peak intensity around 560 nm. For TPM, live and dead cells were distinguished spectrally. For confocal images, the intensity ratio of images taken with band-pass filters was used to distinguish live from dead cells. CV values obtained with both TPM and confocal imaging did not significantly differ from those acquired with the established TB method. In comparison to TPM, confocal microscopy was found to be less accurate in assessing the exact CV in constructs containing mostly live or dead cells. In summary, monitoring cellular auto-fluorescence using advanced microscopy techniques allows CV assessment requiring no additional dyes and/or scaffold digestion and, thus, may be especially suitable for tissue-engineering studies where CV is measured at multiple time points.