gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Why so few regenerative scrubbers (1981)

Proven processes for converting flue gas desulfurization wastes into useful products can reconcile stringent emission standards and waste disposal requirements. Though high costs and questionable markets currently restrict their use, the possibility of more stringent disposal laws in the future makes regenerative scrubbers an alternative worth evaluating. Magnesium oxide, Wellman-Lord, and gypsum-producing scrubber systems are described.
Effect of oxygen abstraction on the peroxidase–luminol–perborate system: Relevance to the HRP enhanced chemiluminescence mechanism (1994)

Abstraction of oxygen from the HRP enhanced chemiluminescence system has no significant effect on the chemiluminescence generated. It is, therefore, proposed that in the peroxidase-luminol-perborate system at pH 7.3, chemiluminescence is generated by a direct reaction of diazaquinones with hydrogen peroxide and not, as generally assumed, from the reaction of luminol radicals with the molecular oxygen.
Oligosaccharide Signalling in Plants (1987)

INTRODUCTION 295 FUNGAL CELL WALL FRAGMENTS AS DEFENSIVE SiGNALS 296 fJ-Glucans .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 296 Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Soliton Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser With Carbon Nanotube Saturable Absorber (2008)

We report stabilization of a thulium-holmium codoped fiber soliton laser with a saturable absorber based on carbon nanotubes. The laser generates transform-limited 750-fs pulses with 0.5-nJ energy.
Fabrication of strained silicon on insulator by strain transfer process (2005)

The fabrication of ultrathin strained silicon layer directly on insulator is demonstrated. 50nm strained silicon on insulator layers were fabricated by a method which includes four steps: Epitaxial growth of strained SiGe on ultrathin silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates, ion implantation, postannealing process, and etch-back process. Strain of the layer was observed by Raman spectroscopy. 0.72% tensile strain was maintained in the strained silicon layer even after removing the SiGe film. The strained layer was the result of strain equalization and transfer process between the SiGe film and top silicon layer.
Heart rate variability and first cardiovascular event in populations without known cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis and dose–response meta-regression (2013)

In conclusion, low HRV is associated with a 32-45% increased risk of a first cardiovascular event in populations without known CVD. An increase in SDNN of 1% results in an ∼1% lower risk of fatal or non-fatal CVD.
Basic Theory of Electrical Engineering Teaching in the CCCP (2009)

This paper analyzes the methods of teaching the basic theory of electrical engineering at the Moscow Energy Institute of CCCP. Specifically,this article covers the following contents:standard course methods,experimental teaching,examination methods,and requirement for teachers and so on. In closing,this paper argues for the importance of relevant and efficient teaching texts and materials.
Gene Transfer <i>In Vivo</i> with DNA–Liposome Complexes: Lack of Autoimmunity and Gonadal Localization (1992)

Direct gene transfer into localized arterial segments can be performed in vivo by transfection with DNA-liposome complexes. This technique holds promise for the treatment of human diseases, including malignancy and cardiovascular disorders. We have previously characterized the potential toxicity of this form of treatment in mice in vivo (Stewart et al., 1992). In this report, we examined two issues relevant to long-term expression of foreign recombinant genes: (i) the potential for autoimmune damage to major organs and (ii) DNA localization in gonadal tissue. Autoimmunity and toxicity of allogeneic major histocompatibility (MHC) gene transfer was assessed in mice after induction of an immune response to a recombinant murine class I MHC gene by direct gene transfer in vivo. Histological examination of brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and skeletal muscle revealed no clinically significant immunopathology or organ damage. The toxicity of gene delivery by DNA liposomes was also analyzed in pigs and rabbits in vivo. No histopathology was observed following the introduction of plasmids encoding several different gene products, and analysis of serum following DNA liposome delivery revealed no abnormalities of serum biochemical parameters. The potential for transfer of recombinant DNA into testes and ovary in animals was evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction. Although evidence of recombinant plasmid was consistently observed in transfected, but not untransfected, arterial sites and occasionally in lung, kidney, spleen, and liver, no plasmid DNA was detected in testes or ovary. These studies suggest that uptake of recombinant DNA following direct gene transfer by liposomal transfection in major organs is not associated with autoimmunity, toxicity, or gonadal localization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Contact-free single-cell cultivation by negative dielectrophoresis (2008)

In parallel to recent progress of high-content analysis in cell biology, negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP) has continuously evolved as a potent tool for contact-free manipulation and investigation of single cells. As such, it can be especially beneficial for the handling of rare and valuable cells, e. g. in stem cell research, immunology and autologous therapy. Current nDEP applications are mainly based on flow-through systems where a small volume or single cells are pumped through microfluidic channels and analysed in seconds to minutes. Such short-term electric field exposures were repeatedly shown to be physiologically harmless. Conditions, however, might change in longer experiments when damages may accumulate. Therefore, we focus on potential limits to long-term nDEP application, with yeast serving as a model organism. Cells are reported to be successfully cultivated over several hours while suspended contact-freely in cell medium by nDEP. From comparisons of the cell division in nDEP structures under different electric conditions, conclusions are drawn with respect to which parameters govern the possible stress on the cells and how to avoid it. Firstly, the observed frequency dependence hints at an influence of the membrane polarization. Secondly, the inhibition of proliferation at high voltages is found to be overcome by external cooling of the microchips. This implies thermal effects on the cells. The warming is further examined by infrared (IR) thermometry. Despite its inherent drawbacks, IR provides a quick and easy method of determining the temperature of microfluidic systems without interfering local probes or reporter substances.
Thiol-redox antioxidants protect against lung vascular endothelial cytoskeletal alterations caused by pulmonary fibrosis inducer, bleomycin: comparison between classical thiol-protectant,<i>N</i>-acetyl-l-cysteine, and novel thiol antioxidant,<i>N,N′</i>-bis-2-mercaptoethyl isophthalamide (2012)

Lung vascular alterations and pulmonary hypertension associated with oxidative stress have been reported to be involved in idiopathic lung fibrosis (ILF). Therefore, here, we hypothesize that the widely used lung fibrosis inducer, bleomycin, would cause cytoskeletal rearrangement through thiol-redox alterations in the cultured lung vascular endothelial cell (EC) monolayers. We exposed the monolayers of primary bovine pulmonary artery ECs to bleomycin (10 µg) and studied the cytotoxicity, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and the macromolecule (fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, 70,000 mol. wt.) paracellular transport in the absence and presence of two thiol-redox protectants, the classic water-soluble N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and the novel hydrophobic N,N'-bis-2-mercaptoethyl isophthalamide (NBMI). Our results revealed that bleomycin induced cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase leak), morphological alterations (rounding of cells and filipodia formation), and cytoskeletal rearrangement (actin stress fiber formation and alterations of tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and occludin) in a dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, our study demonstrated the formation of reactive oxygen species, loss of thiols (glutathione, GSH), EC barrier dysfunction (decrease of transendothelial electrical resistance), and enhanced paracellular transport (leak) of macromolecules. The observed bleomycin-induced EC alterations were attenuated by both NAC and NBMI, revealing that the novel hydrophobic thiol-protectant, NBMI, was more effective at µM concentrations as compared to the water-soluble NAC that was effective at mM concentrations in offering protection against the bleomycin-induced EC alterations. Overall, the results of the current study suggested the central role of thiol-redox in vascular EC dysfunction associated with ILF.
Iconic recognition with affine-invariant spectral signatures (1996)

This paper presents a new approach for object recognition using affine-invariant recognition of image patches that correspond to object surfaces that are roughly planar. A novel set of affine-invariant spectral signatures (AISSs) are used to recognize each surface separately invariant to its 3D pose. These local spectral signatures are extracted by correlating the image with a novel configuration of Gaussian kernels. The spectral signature of each image patch is then matched against a set of iconic models using multidimensional indexing (MDI) in the frequency domain. Affine-invariance of the signatures is achieved by a new configuration of Gaussian kernels with modulation in two orthogonal axes. The proposed configuration of kernels is Cartesian with varying aspect ratios in two orthogonal directions. The kernels are organized in subsets where each subset has a distinct orientation. Each subset spans the entire frequency domain and provides invariance to slant, scale and limited translation. The complete set of orientations is utilized to achieve invariance to rotation and tilt. Hence, the proposed set of kernels achieve complete affine-invariance.
Enhancement of 5‐fluorouracil cytotoxicity by human thymidine‐phosphorylase expression in cancer cells: In vitro and In vivo study (1999)

Transferring a gene into cancer cells in order to sensitize them to drugs is an important approach in human cancer gene-therapy research. Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is the first enzyme in the metabolic activation pathway of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to fluorodeoxyribonucleotides, thus, it could be used to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to this anti-pyrimidine agent. In this study, an expression vector containing the human TP cDNA was transfected into C26 murine colon-carcinoma cells. Stable transfectants were selected; all showed increased TP activity, ranging from 2- to 10-fold when compared with wild-type cells. The in vitro sensitivity of transfectants to 5-FU and 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5′-DFUR) was enhanced, in agreement with the observed increase in TP activity. Then, tumors were generated by s.c. injection of TP-transfected or wild-type C26 cells in syngeneic BALB/c mice. 5-FU (25 mg/kg, i.p.) induced a growth delay of TP-transfected C26 tumors as compared with C26 wild-type tumors. These data suggest that TP could be transfected in tumor cells to increase the sensitivity to 5-FU for subsequent cancer gene therapy. Int. J. Cancer 80:465–470, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Physical properties of liquid crystals: nematics (2001)

This reference work extracts and reviews research data on the properties of nematics, including that which is essential to the development of displays and other types of electronic devices. Where appropriate, these properties are explained with illustrations and expert commentary.
Effect of abasic linker substitution on triplex formation, Sp1 binding, and specificity in an oligonucleotide targeted to the human Ha-<i>ras</i>promoter (1994)

A region of the human Ha-ras promoter (-8 to -28) which contains two of the three Sp1 binding sites essential for transcriptional activity forms a sequence specific oligonucleotide-directed pur*pur:pyr triple helix. The relative binding of oligonucleotides containing different substitutions, including an abasic propanediol linker, over three potentially destabilizing C:G interruptions in the otherwise poly G:poly C target was examined. DNase I footprint titrations reveal that substitution of the positively charged abasic propanediol linker results in approximately ten fold greater binding than cytosine substitution which in turn provides greater sequence specific binding than substitution of a guanine in the third strand oligonucleotide over the C:G interruptions. Protein binding assays demonstrate that triplex formation by the linker substituted oligomer (HR21Xap) is less effective in inhibiting Sp1 binding than the cytosine substituted oligomer (HR21ap) both to the target sequence as well as an upstream sequence. As an indication of the effect of linker substitution and targeting consensus Sp1 sites on triplex specificity, the relative ability of the Ha-ras promoter targeted oligonucleotides to interact with non-target Sp1 sequences within the Ha-ras promoter as well as in the DHFR promoter and HIV-1 LTR was also investigated. At concentrations which afford complete DNase I protection of the target sequence, HR21ap does not bind to the non-target sequences while HR21Xap interacts weakly only at a distal site in the DHFR promoter. Also, HR21ap as well as HR21Xap are specific in their inhibition of Sp1 binding. These results suggest that the propanediol linker is able to skip over interruptions in a target sequence thereby stabilizing triplex but, slightly compromises sequence specificity and the ability to inhibit Sp1 binding to the Ha-ras promoter.
NEW OMCVD PRECURSORS FOR SELECTIVE COPPER METALLIZATION (1991)

Due to its excellent electrical conductivity and high electromigration resistance, copper is widely predicted to be the interconnect metal of the future for electronic microdevices. This presentation focusses upon the synthesis of a new series of volatile liquid Cu+l complexes which are shown to be suitable for the deposition of pure, adherent and highly conducting copper films by CVD. Selective depositions onto metallic versus insulating dielectric substrates are achieved between 120 to 420°C with growth rates in excess of 100 nm/min and grain sizes as low as 0.1 microns. In addition, a novel complementary copper etching process is discussed that is chemically compatible with the copper CVD chemistry.
PREVALENCIA DE CARIES EN ESCOLARES DE CHIQUINTAD CUENCA 2016 (2018)

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de caries dental mediante el índice CPOD en niños de 12 años de edad de la parroquia Chiquintad del cantón Cuenca. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: la metodología aplicada fue de tipo cuantitativo, el diseño fue descriptivo y la técnica observacional, retrospectivo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 100 escolares de 12 años. Los datos se obtuvieron de la base de datos EPI INFO 7.1, el diagnóstico fue realizado por operadores que estuvieron calibrados bajocriteriosdeCPOD.RESULTADOS:eltotaldeenfermosconlesióncariosafuedel77%yel23%seencontraronsanos. La prevalencia de lesión cariosa de acuerdo al sexo fue mayor en el sexo masculino con un 81%, mientras tanto que en el sexo femenino fue del 74%. Las piezas dentales que presentaron caries dental fueron 160 en el sexo femenino que equivalen al 76% y en el sexo masculino fueron 147 piezas dentales que presentarón caries dental, lo que equivale a un 74%; dientes perdidos en el sexo femenino fueron 4 piezas dentales, lo que equivale al 2% y en el sexo masculino fue 1 pieza dental, lo que equivale al 1%, dientes obturados fueron 46 en el sexo femenino, lo que equivale al 22% y 51 piezas dentales obturadas que equivalen al 26% en el sexo masculino. CONCLUSIÓN: Los escolares de 12 años de edad del sexo masculino presentaron una mayor prevalencia de lesión cariosa en relación al sexo femenino.
Replacement of obstructed loop and pigtail nephrostomy and biliary drains (1982)

Replacement of obstructed loop and pigtail nephrostomy and biliary drainsC CopeAudio Available | Share
Evolving Epidemiology of <i>Pseudomonas Aeruginosa</i> and the <i>Burkholderia Cepacia</i> Complex in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infection (2007)

The morbidity and mortality of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is primarily determined by chronic and debilitating lung infections caused by a surprisingly narrow spectrum of bacterial pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is by far the most prevalent life-threatening CF pathogen. In the absence of aggressive early therapy, it infects the majority of adult patients and determines long-term survival. The epidemiology of CF pulmonary infections continues to evolve. Amongst the most recent CF pathogens to have emerged are a group of closely related bacteria, known as the Burkholderia cepacia complex. These organisms are a particular challenge due to inherent antibiotic resistance, the potential for patient-to-patient spread, and the risk of 'cepacia syndrome', a rapid fulminating pneumonia sometimes accompanied by bacteremia. Strict cross-infection control was prompted by early epidemiological experience of the B. cepacia complex and is essential in the management of all CF pathogens.
In Situ Spectroscopic and Microscopic Study on Dispersion of Ag Nanoparticles in Polymer Thin Films (2000)

The dispersion process of Ag nanoparticles into vapor-deposited nylon 11 thin films caused by heat treatment has been investigated. In situ optical transmission and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) reflection absorption spectroscopy were used independently for characterizing the changes in the surface plasmon resonance response of Ag nanoparticles and in the thermal behavior of the nylon 11 matrix during heat treatment, respectively. The peak wavelength of the plasmon band was observed to shift to shorter wavelength in the temperature range 40−80 °C. The infrared temperature study revealed that the as-deposited nylon 11 matrix is thermodynamically metastable and semicrystalline, including hydrogen-bonded small crystallites. These relaxed upon heat treatment above 40 °C, at which the Ag nanoparticles penetrated from the surface into the bulk phase of the matrix. These results demonstrate that there is a strong correlation between the optical spectral features, dispersion state of the particles, and structural change of the polymer matrix. Dispersion mechanism is discussed in terms of the surface free energy of Ag nanoparticles, which is reduced upon embedding in the polymer matrix.
Robust obstacle detection and tracking by motion analysis (1997)

Within a video-based driver assistance system, it is important to detect and track nearby objects. We describe an approach which evaluates motion information comprised in optical flow vectors. Optical flow contains information about the motion of a camera and about the scene's 3D structure. We use that information to detect obstacles in front of the vehicle. Since the detection is based on motion no a-priori knowledge about obstacle shape is required. Optical flow vectors are estimated from spatio-temporal derivatives of the gray value function which are computed at video frame rate by the hardware MiniVISTA. To eliminate outliers and to speed up obstacle detection the estimated vectors are clustered before they are passed to the obstacle test. The obstacle test separates moving objects from the stationary environment and separates elevated objects from the ground plane. This test is a state estimation problem and enables us to enlarge the motion stereo basis by applying a Kalman filter to track optical flow vectors over subsequent image frames. After 3D grouping of tracked flow vectors of the same obstacle class a state description of each moving object is automatically initialized and updated using a Kalman filter. This algorithm has been implemented on a hardware platform which consists of the system MiniVISTA and two Motorola PowerPCs. This system has been installed in an experimental road vehicle. Results obtained under very different weather conditions show the robustness of the approach.
The Role of the Anabolic Properties of Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Sources in Supporting Muscle Mass Maintenance: A Critical Review (2019)

Plant-sourced proteins offer environmental and health benefits, and research increasingly includes them in study formulas. However, plant-based proteins have less of an anabolic effect than animal proteins due to their lower digestibility, lower essential amino acid content (especially leucine), and deficiency in other essential amino acids, such as sulfur amino acids or lysine. Thus, plant amino acids are directed toward oxidation rather than used for muscle protein synthesis. In this review, we evaluate the ability of plant- versus animal-based proteins to help maintain skeletal muscle mass in healthy and especially older people and examine different nutritional strategies for improving the anabolic properties of plant-based proteins. Among these strategies, increasing protein intake has led to a positive acute postprandial muscle protein synthesis response and even positive long-term improvement in lean mass. Increasing the quality of protein intake by improving amino acid composition could also compensate for the lower anabolic potential of plant-based proteins. We evaluated and discussed four nutritional strategies for improving the amino acid composition of plant-based proteins: fortifying plant-based proteins with specific essential amino acids, selective breeding, blending several plant protein sources, and blending plant with animal-based protein sources. These nutritional approaches need to be profoundly examined in older individuals in order to optimize protein intake for this population who require a high-quality food protein intake to mitigate age-related muscle loss.
Improvement of Lactic Acid Production in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> by Cell Sorting for High Intracellular pH (2006)

Yeast strains expressing heterologous L-lactate dehydrogenases can produce lactic acid. Although these microorganisms are tolerant of acidic environments, it is known that at low pH, lactic acid exerts a high level of stress on the cells. In the present study we analyzed intracellular pH (pHi) and viability by staining with cSNARF-4F and ethidium bromide, respectively, of two lactic-acid-producing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CEN.PK m850 and CEN.PK RWB876. The results showed that the strain producing more lactic acid, CEN.PK m850, has a higher pHi. During batch culture, we observed in both strains a reduction of the mean pHi and the appearance of a subpopulation of cells with low pHi. Simultaneous analysis of pHi and viability proved that the cells with low pHi were dead. Based on the observation that the better lactic-acid-producing strain had a higher pHi and that the cells with low pHi were dead, we hypothesized that we might find better lactic acid producers by screening for cells within the highest pHi range. The screening was performed on UV-mutagenized populations through three consecutive rounds of cell sorting in which only the viable cells within the highest pHi range were selected. The results showed that lactic acid production was significantly improved in the majority of the mutants obtained compared to the parental strains. The best lactic-acid-producing strain was identified within the screening of CEN.PK m850 mutants.