gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis Data of Sheets Made from Wood-Based Cellulose Fibers Partially Converted to Dialcohol Cellulose (2017)

This data article contains the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) results for sheets made from cellulose fibers partially converted to dialcohol cellulose as presented in "Advanced Three-Dimensional Paper Structures: Mechanical Characterization and Forming of Sheets Made from Modified Cellulose Fibers" by Linvill et al. [1]. See Larsson and Wågberg [2] for a description and characterization of the material as well as how the material is produced. The DMTA tests were conducted at four different relative humidity levels: 0, 50, 60, and 70% RH, and the temperature was swept between 10 and 113 °C. The DMTA results enable the understanding of the elastic, viscoelastic, and viscoplastic mechanical properties of this material at a wide range of temperature and relative humidity combinations.
Powder metal technologies and applications (1998)

This volume is: (1) a completely updated and expanded edition in all areas of powder production, sampling, characterization, shaping, consolidation, sintering, quality control, machining, heat treating, and P/M applications; (2) single source for practical engineering information on sintering practices, tool design, P/M metallography, dimensional control, part design, powders, binders, lubricants, and the processing, properties, and performance of P/M materials in different production technologies and applications; (3) comprehensive coverage of P/M technologies and applications including warm compaction, injection molding, rapid prototyping, thermal spray forming, reactive sintering, and P/M gears, bearings, high-performance parts, composites, machine parts, electric contacts, magnetic materials, metallic foams, hardfacing powders, automotive parts, and more.
Comparative oxidation of loxapine and clozapine by human neutrophils (1999)

The clozapine-induced agranulocytosis could be due to the formation of a reactive intermediate formed in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and granulocyte precursors with the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide system. On the contrary, no case of agranulocytosis has been described for loxapine, an other neuroleptic drug with a very close structural analogy. We have compared the clozapine and loxapine interaction with the oxidative burst and particularly with this enzymatic complex. On the one hand, the assay of the oxidative species demonstrated a different impact for the two neuroleptics. The 50% inhibitory concentration was 92 microM for hydrogen peroxide and 40 microM for hypochlorous acid for loxapine. The loxapine target is located before the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide system in the oxidative stream, whereas clozapine diverts the chlorination pathway of the enzyme. On the other hand, the in vitro metabolism of drugs by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide system has been investigated by mass spectrometry. Loxapine remains inert but clozapine undergoes the oxidation. The glutathione or ascorbate addition in the medium leads to a removal of the oxidation. Glutathione is able to trap the toxic intermediate and could avoid its formation.
Cost-effectiveness of Total Knee Arthroplasty in the United States (2009)

Total knee arthroplasty appears to be cost-effective in the US Medicare-aged population, as currently practiced across all risk groups. Policy decisions should be made on the basis of available local options for TKA. However, when a high-volume hospital is available, TKAs performed in a high-volume hospital confer even greater value per dollar spent than TKAs performed in low-volume centers.
A paradigm shift in diabetes therapy--dapagliflozin and other SGLT2 inhibitors. (2011)

Blocking sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) to decrease the reabsorption of glucose--and thus increase renal glucose excretion--represents a novel therapeutic approach to diabetes that is independent of insulin secretion or action. Preclinical and clinical studies of SGLT2 inhibitors in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), as well as genetic mutations in kidney-specific SGLT2 that result in no adverse sequelae, appear to support this strategy. These investigations reveal that increasing renal glucose excretion by inhibiting SGLT2 can lower plasma glucose levels, as well as reduce body weight. Further data from larger trials are forthcoming regarding efficacy and safety, but the results reported thus far suggest that the positive impact of SGLT2 inhibitors may be attained without producing significant adverse effects. This class of agents, including dapagliflozin, may thus hold an advantage over many currently used medications for diabetes. This review outlines the role of SGLT2 in glucose homeostasis and the evidence currently available on the potential for clinical application of these agents in diabetes.
Evaluation of the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of novel CRAMP–vancomycin conjugates with diverse linkers (2015)

We report the design, synthesis and antibacterial activity analysis of conjugates of vancomycin and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptides (CRAMP). Vancomycin inhibits the nascent peptidoglycan synthesis and is highly active against Gram-positive bacteria, whereas Gram-negative bacteria are generally insensitive due to a protective outer membrane. CRAMP is known to translocate across the Gram-negative outer membrane by a self-promoted uptake mechanism. Vancomycin-CRAMP conjugates were synthesized using click chemistry with diverse hydrophilic and hydrophobic linkers, with CRAMP functioning as a carrier peptide for the transfer of vancomycin through the outer membrane. Small hydrophobic linkers with an aromatic group result in the most active conjugates against planktonic Gram-negative bacteria, while maintaining the high activity of vancomycin against Gram-positive bacteria. These conjugates thus show a broad-spectrum activity, which is absent in CRAMP or vancomycin alone, and which is strongly improved compared to an equimolar mixture of CRAMP and vancomycin. In addition, these conjugates also show a strong inhibitory activity against S. Typhimurium biofilm formation.
Survey on Dim Small Target Detection in Clutter Background: Wavelet, Inter-Frame and Filter Based Algorithms (2011)

Dim small target is an active and important research area in image processing and pattern recognition. Various algorithms have been proposed to detect and track dim small target. This paper reviews some algorithms for dim small target detection, including the wavelet based algorithms, inter-frame difference based algorithms and filter based algorithms. Also, the further development of the technologies has been briefly analyzed.
A lower bound for distributed averaging algorithms (2010)

We derive lower bounds on the convergence speed of a widely used class of distributed averaging algorithms. In particular, we prove that any distributed averaging algorithm whose state consists of a single real number and whose (possibly nonlinear) update function satisfies a natural smoothness condition has a worst case running time of at least on the order of $n^2$ on a network of $n$ nodes. Our results suggest that increased memory or expansion of the state space is crucial for improving the running times of distributed averaging algorithms.
High-sensitivity charge-transfer sense amplifier (1975)

THE ONE-DEVICE dynamic memory cell, consisting of a single gating transistor and a storage capacitor, is attractive because of its low power consumption, its simple cell structure and its potential for high density. Density, however, is tied directly to the sensitivity of the detection circuit. It is the object of this paper to present a sense amplifier circuit with much better sensitivity than the standard latch circuit1, while maintaining the feature of conveniently restoring the information in the cell.
The spatial practice of public engagement: ‘doing’ geography in the South Wales valleys (2012)

This paper explores the spatial practices of public engagement through the consideration of an audio walk project that took place in Ebbw Vale in the summer of 2010. In the current political climate public engagement is often seen as a universal good, a way of demonstrating the productive dialogues that exist between ‘experts’ and their manifold publics. As studies in science communication have shown, however, this is a little misleading, for the term ‘public engagement’ masks a great diversity of projects and initiatives, which vary in the degree, methods and effectiveness of their engagement. In this paper, we argue that what is missing from many of these critiques is an attentiveness to the ‘placing’ and ‘spacing’ of our public engagement practices: where we work, who we work with and how we work all affect the nature, meaning and effectiveness of public engagement. Drawing on the idea of spatial practices, this paper explores the situated doing of the Ebbw Vale audio walk project.
Mutation of <b> <i>hCDC4</i> </b> Leads to Cell Cycle Deregulation of Cyclin E in Cancer (2004)

hCDC4, the gene that encodes the F-box protein responsible for targeting cyclin E for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, has been found to be mutated in a number of primary cancers and cancer-derived cell lines. We have observed that functional inactivation of hCDC4 does not necessarily correlate with elevated levels of cyclin E in tumors. Here we show, however, that hCDC4 mutation in primary tumors correlates strongly with loss of cell cycle regulation of cyclin E. Similarly, a breast carcinoma-derived cell line mutated for hCDC4 exhibits cell cycle deregulation of cyclin E, but periodic expression is restored by reintroducing hCDC4 via retroviral transduction. Conversely, small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of hCdc4 deregulates cyclin E with respect to the cell cycle. These results indicate that hCdc4 function is an absolute prerequisite for cell cycle regulation of cyclin E levels, and loss of hCdc4 function is sufficient to deregulate cyclin E.
Evaluation of Single Surface Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) among 8-12 Year Old Rural School Children of India -A One Year Follow Up Study (2013)

Aim: To evaluate survival rate of single surface ART restorations over a period of one year among 8-12 year oldrural school children in India. Materials & Method: A community based interventional study was designed. A total of 147 subjects were included in the study. Baseline data was collected on a specially designed proforma. Treatment was performed following standard procedures for ART using specially designed hand instruments. Evaluations were done at three, six, nine and twelve months intervals. Chi-square was used to test the significance. Results: The mean age of study subjects (147) was 9.69 ΁ 1.3 years. About 84.4% of subjects expressed that they did not had pain I discomfort during treatment; 86.4% of the subjects were willing to undergo theART procedure if required again.Overall survival rate was 91.6% at the end of one year. When the survival rate was compared between permanent and deciduous dentition at the end of 12th month survival rate was high for permanent dentition (95.8%) compared to the deciduousdentition (89.5%). Conclusions: ART was accepted by majority of subjects. Survival rate of single surface ART restorations was extremely good and ART approach can be implemented in schools particularly in the rural areas where there is no adequate access to dental care. ART can be a very strong tool for preventive treatment in the control of dental caries in developing countries.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene-co-norbornadiene) (1999)

The norbornadiene/ethylene copolymerization was studied using [Ph2C(Ind)(Cp)ZrCl2] and [Cp2ZrCl2] catalysts in the presence of methylaluminoxane as a cocatalyst. The polymerizations were carried out using a semiflow method, and the comonomer was charged batchwise into the reactor. Polymerizations were run at 60°C at an ethylene pressure of 2.5 bar. The activities of both catalysts decreased when the norbornadiene/ethylene ratio in the reaction increased. The structural characterization of the copolymer was performed by DEPT and 1H-13C 2D NMR experiments. The copolymerization of norbornadiene was shown to occur via both double bonds of norbornadiene. The polymers with high norbornadiene content were amorphous and transparent.
Long Term Lithium Treatment Suppresses p53 and Bax Expression but Increases Bcl-2 Expression (1999)

This study was undertaken to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of lithium against glutamate excitotoxicity with a focus on the role of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes. Long term, but not acute, treatment of cultured cerebellar granule cells with LiCl induces a concentration-dependent decrease in mRNA and protein levels of proapoptotic p53 and Bax; conversely, mRNA and protein levels of cytoprotective Bcl-2 are remarkably increased. The ratios of Bcl-2/Bax protein levels increase by approximately 5-fold after lithium treatment for 5-7 days. Exposure of cerebellar granule cells to glutamate induces a rapid increase in p53 and Bax mRNA and protein levels with no apparent effect on Bcl-2 expression. Pretreatment with LiCl for 7 days prevents glutamate-induced increase in p53 and Bax expression and maintains Bcl-2 in an elevated state. Glutamate exposure also triggers the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Lithium pretreatment blocks glutamate-induced cytochrome c release and cleavage of lamin B1, a nuclear substrate for caspase-3. These results strongly suggest that lithium-induced Bcl-2 up-regulation and p53 and Bax down-regulation play a prominent role in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity. Our results further suggest that lithium, in addition to its use in the treatment of bipolar depressive illness, may have an expanded use in the intervention of neurodegeneration.
Spinal cord compression due to metastatic disease: diagnosis with MR imaging versus myelography. (1989)

To determine the efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and myelography for the diagnosis of spinal cord compression due to metastatic disease, the authors prospectively examined 70 patients who had known or suspected spinal involvement by malignancy. Most MR examinations consisted of T1-weighted sagittal imaging of the entire spine, with additional sequences as needed for clarification. Extradural masses were found in 46 patients, 25 of whom had cord compression. For extradural masses causing cord compression, the sensitivity and specificity of MR imaging was .92 and .90, respectively, compared with .95 and .88 for myelography. For extradural masses without cord compression the sensitivity and specificity of MR imaging was .73 and .90, versus .49 and .88 for myelography. MR imaging was much more sensitive for metastases to bone (.90 vs .49), as expected. MR imaging is an acceptable alternative to myelography for diagnosing spinal cord compression and is preferable as a first study because it is noninvasive and better tolerated.
Reactions of trimethylsilyl azide with heterocumulenes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of trimethylsilyl azide with heterocumulenesOtohiko Tsuge, Satoshi Urano, and Koji OeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 25, 5130–5136Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01313a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01313a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1155Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Design of a motionless head for parallel readout optical disk</title> (1991)

A motionless head 2-D parallel readout system for optical disks is presented. The system is designed to read data blocks encoded as 1-D Fourier holograms distributed radially on the disk active surface. Such systems offer several advantages: high data rates, low retrieval times, and simple implementation. It is used as the secondary storage of a high performance optoelectronic associative memory system.
Common Cancer Biomarkers (2006)

There is an increasing interest in complementing conventional histopathologic evaluation with molecular tools that could increase the sensitivity and specificity of cancer staging for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. This study strove to identify cancer-specific markers for the molecular detection of a broad range of cancer types. We used 373 archival samples inclusive of normal tissues of various lineages and benign or malignant tumors (predominantly colon, melanoma, ovarian, and esophageal cancers). All samples were processed identically and cohybridized with an identical reference RNA source to a custom-made cDNA array platform. The database was split into training (n = 201) and comparable prediction (n = 172) sets. Leave-one-out cross-validation and gene pairing analysis identified putative cancer biomarkers overexpressed by malignant lesions independent of tissue of derivation. In particular, seven gene pairs were identified with high predictive power (87%) in segregating malignant from benign lesions. Receiver operator characteristic curves based on the same genes could segregate malignant from benign tissues with 94% accuracy. The relevance of this study rests on the identification of a restricted number of biomarkers ubiquitously expressed by cancers of distinct histology. This has not been done before. These biomarkers could be used broadly to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of cancer staging and early detection of locoregional or systemic recurrence. Their selective expression by cancerous compared with paired normal tissues suggests an association with the oncogenic process resulting in stable expression during disease progression when the presently used differentiation markers are unreliable.
Formulation of Transparent Colors with a Digital Computer (1960)

A digital computer was programed to calculate the concentrations required to produce a given transparent color by mixing soluble dyes. The computation is based on Beer’s law calculations at 65 wavelengths across the visible spectrum. The color to be formulated is specified in terms of CIE tristimulus values derived from instrumental measurement. The computer formulation technique was tested by making up to computed formulas a series of mixtures of dyes in a solvent and in an acrylic resin. The correspondence was good between the measured colors of the mixtures and those for which the formulations were calculated, as indicated by color differences averaging about 1 NBS unit (Adams chromatic value formula, normalized as in ASTM Method D 1482-57T).
Development of antibody-secreting cells and antigen-specific T cells in cervical lymph nodes after intranasal immunization (1997)

Intranasal (i.n.) immunization with bacterial protein antigens coupled to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) effectively induces mucosal, especially salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA), and nonmucosal antibody responses in mice. To examine the regional distribution of antigen-specific B and T cells after i.n. immunization, antibody-secreting cells and antigen-responsive T cells in cervical lymph nodes (CLN) were compared with those found after intraoral or subcutaneous (in the neck) administration of the same antigen and with T cells found in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen after intragastric immunization. The i.n. immunization induced predominantly IgA antibody-secreting cells in salivary glands and IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells in the superficial and central CLN; these responses were quantitatively enhanced if the antigen was coupled to CTB. Intraoral immunization also induced IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells in the superficial and central CLN, but only if intact cholera toxin was included as an adjuvant. In contrast, subcutaneous (neck) immunization induced IgG antibody-secreting cells mainly in the draining facial lymph nodes. CLN cell populations resembled those of MLN, except that CLN lymphocytes had higher proportions of T cells and lower proportions of B cells and a slightly higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio among T cells than the MLN lymphocytes did. T cells that proliferated in response to antigen in vitro were found especially in central CLN 2 days after i.n. immunization and persisted for up to 6 months, whereas after intragastric immunization, responsive T cells were not found in the MLN for up to 14 days. After culture with antigen in vitro, T cells from the superficial CLN of i.n. immunized mice secreted both gamma interferon and interleukin-4. Therefore, after i.n. immunization, superficial and central CLN represent sites of regional lymphocyte development, and the central CLN in particular appear to be sites where memory T cells persist.
DNA Relatedness of Thermus Strains, Description of Thermus brockianus sp. nov., and Proposal To Reestablish Thermus thermophilus (Oshima and Imahori) (1995)

Aerobic, thermophilic, gram-negative bacteria obtained from Yellowstone National Park that were placed in the genus Thermus on the basis of phenotypic data were examined by chemotaxonomic techniques to determine their peptidoglycan compositions, their respiratory quinones, their mean DNA base compositions, and their levels of DNA-DNA homology as determined by both the filter hybridization and reassociation rate methods. These isolates from hot springs included Thermus aquaticus strains and strains of a new genospecies. We propose the name Thermus brockianus for this new genospecies; strain YS38 is the type strain of this taxon. A collection of 10 strains, including the type strain of "Thermus thermophilus", which were isolated from widely separated geothermal sites, exhibited high levels of DNA-DNA homology with each other and had similar physiological properties. Therefore, we propose that the species Thermus thermophilus (Oshima and Imahori) should be reestablished, with strain HB8 as the type strain.
An Empirical Study of Example Forgetting during Deep Neural Network Learning (2018)

Inspired by the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting, we investigate the learning dynamics of neural networks as they train on single classification tasks. Our goal is to understand whether a related phenomenon occurs when data does not undergo a clear distributional shift. We define a `forgetting event' to have occurred when an individual training example transitions from being classified correctly to incorrectly over the course of learning. Across several benchmark data sets, we find that: (i) certain examples are forgotten with high frequency, and some not at all; (ii) a data set's (un)forgettable examples generalize across neural architectures; and (iii) based on forgetting dynamics, a significant fraction of examples can be omitted from the training data set while still maintaining state-of-the-art generalization performance.