gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High operating temperature midwave infrared photodiodes and focal plane arrays based on type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices (2011)

The dominant dark current mechanisms are identified and suppressed to improve the performance of midwave infrared InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice photodiodes at high temperatures. The optimized heterojunction photodiode exhibits a quantum efficiency of 50% for 2 μm thick active region without any bias dependence. At 150 K, R0A of 5100 Ω cm2 and specific detectivity of 1.05×1012 cm Hz0.5/W are demonstrated for a 50% cutoff wavelength of 4.2μm. Assuming 300 K background temperature and 2π field of view, the performance of the detector is background limited up to 180 K, which is improved by 25 °C compared to the homojunction photodiode. Infrared imaging using f/2.3 optics and an integration time of 10.02 ms demonstrates a noise equivalent temperature difference of 11 mK at operating temperatures below 120 K.
Construction of a Biotin-Overproducing Strain of <i>Serratia marcescens</i> (1993)

We have isolated mutants resistant to acidomycin, a biotin analog, from Serratia marcescens Sr41. Strain SB304, resistant to 0.5 mg of acidomycin (frequently called actithiazic acid) per ml, produced 5 mg of d-biotin per liter of a medium containing sucrose and urea. Strain SB412, which was isolated from SB304 on a minimal agar plate containing 2 mg of acidomycin per ml and 0.1 mg of 5-(2-thienyl)-valeric acid per ml, produced 20 mg of d-biotin per ml. The two enzymes related to biotin synthesis were found to be released from biotin-mediated feedback repression in these mutants. Transductional analysis revealed that SB412 had acquired at least two mutations, one in the biotin operon locus and the other in an unknown locus distant from the biotin operon locus.
Body fluid identification in forensics. (2012)

Determination of the type and origin of the body fluids found at a crime scene can give important insights into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link between sample donors and actual criminal acts. For more than a century, numerous types of body fluid identification methods have been developed, such as chemical tests, immunological tests, protein catalytic activity tests, spectroscopic methods and microscopy. However, these conventional body fluid identification methods are mostly presumptive, and are carried out for only one body fluid at a time. Therefore, the use of a molecular genetics-based approach using RNA profiling or DNA methylation detection has been recently proposed to supplant conventional body fluid identification methods. Several RNA markers and tDMRs (tissue-specific differentially methylated regions) which are specific to forensically relevant body fluids have been identified, and their specificities and sensitivities have been tested using various samples. In this review, we provide an overview of the present knowledge and the most recent developments in forensic body fluid identification and discuss its possible practical application to forensic casework.
Tuberculin Antigens Active in Human Lymphocyte Blastogenesis (1972)

Discrete pools of tuberculopoly-saccharide and tuberculoprotein antigens, prepared by continuous-flow electrophoretic separation of an unheated culture filtrate of M. tuberculosis (H37Rv strain), were tested for induction of lymphocyte blastogenesis in cultures of blood leukocytes from healthy individuals who reacted to an intermediate skin test dose of tuberculin PPD. Approximately 80% of the blastogenic activity of the unseparated culture filtrate was found in the pool of protein antigens while only 7% was detected in the polysaccharide pool. As indicated by immunoelectrophoretic and chemical analyses, the minimal activity of the pooled polysaccharides was attributed to their trace contamination by the protein antigens. It was concluded that tuberculin-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis reflects cellular reactivity to tuberculoprotein antigens.
Material characterization and microstructural simulation of hollow spheres and PCM steel foams (2012)

The objective of this research is to characterize the mechanical properties of hollow spheres and PCM steel foams under compressive and tensile loading, and to develop and validate microstructural computational models for such foams that account for micro-scale buckling of the cell walls and localized material yielding. Such models allow the virtual investigation of the relationship between microstructural design parameters and macroscopic material properties. Steel foams are a new class of structural materials that have the potential to provide enhanced energy dissipation, stiffness, and buckling mitigation by virtue of their unusual mechanical properties. Through physical experiments we characterize some previously unreported properties of the material such as the compressive unloading modulus and its evolution with increasing plastic deformation, the Poisson's ratio of the material in the plastic range, and the tensile yield and fracture strengths. Our three dimensional finite element models are among the first to treat the material microstructure as random while incorporating both material and geometric nonlinearity at the micro-scale. The experimental characterization of the material properties feeds directly into work being performed to develop candidate applications of steel foam in civil structures, and the computational work is being used to suggest novel microstructural designs that lead to improved macroscopic material properties.
An approach to optimum slant stack; its application as a seismic noise attenuator (1993)

The concept of stacking, data together to form a trace with a signal to noise ratio (S/N) which is better than that of the individual contributors to the stack is not new, and now forms a key step in most seismic processing sequences, namely CDP stack. While not specifically for geophysical applications, Brennan (1955) showed that there is a universal method for computation of stack S/N and indicated how the S/N of the stacked trace could be maximized (the optimum stack). Brennan's method involved sealing of the input data, by application of weights, and he showed how the contributing traces should be weighted in order to achieve optimum stack.
Audio mixer for multi-party conferencing in VoIP (2009)

Now-a-days, multi-party conferencing is an essential feature in the VoIP calls among desktop PCs, laptops. The additional voice processing module required for a conferencing when compared to a normal 2-way call is Mixer. Even though some algorithms are available in the literature, they lack in evaluating their performance. In this paper, different types of mixing algorithms are investigated and objective methods for evaluating their performance are proposed. Also, enhanced mixer algorithm based on an audio stream which has greatest amplitude among all the audio streams to be mixed is proposed. Comparison of all the algorithms is done in terms of quality and complexity. The proposed mixer algorithm out-performs all the mixer algorithms and the complexity of the proposed method is marginal. Also, different types of connection configuration of other voice processing modules with the Mixer are proposed for further quality improvement.
Ion concentrations in subcutaneous interstitial fluid: measured versus expected values (1988)

Electrolyte concentration values in interstitial fluid samples that have been reported by a number of authors were markedly different from those of a hypothetical ultrafiltrate of plasma. Because no adequate explanation has been provided for the discrepancy, we attempted to study the question 1) by measuring ion and protein concentration in the plasma and in the interstitial fluid samples, and 2) by constructing a theoretical model for ion distribution. Subcutaneous interstitial fluid samples were collected in rats by the implanted capsule and by the liquid paraffin cavity techniques. The samples were analyzed for sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, total protein, and protein fractions. The ion distribution between vascular and interstitial compartments was found to correspond to the Donnan equilibrium. On theoretical ground it was concluded: the Donnan distribution is valid, if the size of "free-fluid spaces" is relatively large (r greater than 0.03 micron) compared with the rather short range of electrostatic interactions (approximately 0.8 nm). Due to the relatively small difference in protein concentrations between blood plasma and interstitial fluid and to the short range of electrostatic interactions, the influence of proteins on the distribution of small ions is negligible.
Highly Sensitive Detection of Protein with Aptamer-Based Target-Triggering Two-Stage Amplification (2012)

Highly sensitive detection of proteins is essential to biomedical research as well as clinical diagnosis. However, so far most detection methods rely on antibody-based assays and are usually laborious and time-consuming with poor sensitivity. Here, we develop a simple and sensitive method for the detection of a biomarker protein, platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), based on aptamer-based target-triggering two-stage amplification. With the involvement of an aptamer-based probe and an exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) template, our method combines strand displacement amplification (SDA) and EXPAR, transforming the probe conformational change induced by target binding into two-stage amplification and distinct fluorescence signal. This detection method exhibits excellent specificity and high sensitivity with a detection limit of 9.04 × 10(-13) M and a detection range of more than 5 orders of magnitude, which is comparable with or even superior to most currently used approaches for PDGF-BB detection. Moreover, this detection method has significant advantages of isothermal conditions required, simple and rapid without multiple separation and washing steps, low-cost without the need of any labeled DNA probes. Furthermore, this method might be extended to sensitive detection of a variety of biomolecules whose aptamers undergo similar conformational changes.
Motion of myosin fragments during actin‐activated ATPase: fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study (1979)

Abstract The rates of the translational motion of myosin fragments, heavy meromyosin (HMM), and heavy meromyosin subfragment‐1 (HMM S‐1) were measured during actin‐activated ATPase reaction by the method of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. This technique monitors the random fluctuations in the concentration of fluorescent molecules in an open volume which result from the translational diffusion of the molecular species under observation. The statistical behavior of the fluctuations is represented in the form of the autocorrelation function, which is related to the translational diffusion coefficient of the fluorescent molecules. The translational motion of fluorescently labeled myosin fragments was progressively slowed down after additions of increasing amounts of actin in the presence of excess MgATP. When these results are interpreted according to a simple binding scheme, the extent of the retardation can be used to obtain the apparent association constant for binding of S‐1 and HMM to actin in the presence of MgATP. In 0.1 M KCl and at 23°C, the apparent association constants were determined as K app HMM = 2.2 × 10 4 M −1 and K app S‐1 = 8.8 × 10 3 for HMM and S‐1, respectively.
Use of a new methylene blue derivative for determination of lipid peroxides in foods. (1986)

To determine lipid peroxides in chloroform-methanol extracts of foods, a simple and sensitive colorimetric method using a new leucomethylene blue derivative was adopted. The amounts obtained by this method coincided well with those by the iodometric method and paralleled those by the thiobarbituric acid method.
Synthesis and structures of dilithium (1,2-diphosphido)-benzenes (1995)

Treatment of the appropriate (1,2-diphosphino)benzenes C6H3(PHR)2-1,2-R′-4 (R′= Me or H; R = H, Ph or SiMe3) with LiBun and tmen [tmen = Me2N(CH2)2NMe2] in hexane afforded the dilithium diphosphides [Li(tmen)]2[C6H3(PR)2-1′,2-R′-4](R′= H, R = Ph 1; R′= H, R = SiMe32; R′= Me, R = Ph 3; R′= H = R 4). Crystal structures of 1 and 2 show that each phosphorus atom is bonded equivalently to the two lithium atoms (and conversely each Li to the two P atoms), the two lithium atoms being on opposite sides of the C6H4P2 plane. Solution multinuclear NMR spectral studies of the parent diphosphines, their dilithio-derivatives 1–3 and the phosphole 10[of which C6H4(PHSiMe3)2-1,2 6 and C6H3(PHPh)2-1,2-Me-4 7, and the phosphole C6H3[{([graphic omitted]Ph]Me-4 10 and 1–3 are new compounds] have been carried out. The diphosphine C6H4(PHPh)25, like 6 and 7, was a ca. 1 : 1 mixture of diastereoisomers, 6 having a much larger (9.2 ppm) chemical shift difference between P and P′ than 5(0.66 ppm). Virtual coupling from both phosphorus atoms was observed for the SiMe31H, 13C and 29Si NMR signals of 6. Variable-temperature 31P-{1H} and 7Li-{1H} NMR spectra for 1 and 2 revealed dynamic behaviour; the low-temperature limiting spectra for each of 1 and 2 showed septets [31P-{1H}] and triplets [7Li-{1H}], consistent with the structures of the crystalline molecules.
Mechanics of neutrophil phagocytosis: experiments and quantitative models (2006)

To quantitatively characterize the mechanical processes that drive phagocytosis, we observed the FcgammaR-driven engulfment of antibody-coated beads of diameters 3 mum to 11 mum by initially spherical neutrophils. In particular, the time course of cell morphology, of bead motion and of cortical tension were determined. Here, we introduce a number of mechanistic models for phagocytosis and test their validity by comparing the experimental data with finite element computations for multiple bead sizes. We find that the optimal models involve two key mechanical interactions: a repulsion or pressure between cytoskeleton and free membrane that drives protrusion, and an attraction between cytoskeleton and membrane newly adherent to the bead that flattens the cell into a thin lamella. Other models such as cytoskeletal expansion or swelling appear to be ruled out as main drivers of phagocytosis because of the characteristics of bead motion during engulfment. We finally show that the protrusive force necessary for the engulfment of large beads points towards storage of strain energy in the cytoskeleton over a large distance from the leading edge ( approximately 0.5 microm), and that the flattening force can plausibly be generated by the known concentrations of unconventional myosins at the leading edge.
Neurofibromatosis 2 tumor suppressor protein colocalizes with ezrin and CD44 and associates with actin-containing cytoskeleton (1997)

Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) protein (merlin; schwannomin) is a tumor suppressor involved in tumorigenesis of NF2-associated and sporadic schwannomas and meningiomas. The protein shares the domain structure of three homologous proteins: ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM). ERM proteins function as membrane organizers and may act as linkers between plasma membrane molecules, such as CD44 and ICAM-2, and the cytoskeleton. We analyzed the distribution and effects of transfected NF2 protein in COS-1, CHO and 293 cells, and endogenous NF2 protein in U251 glioma cells. The distribution was compared to ezrin, CD44 and F-actin. Both transfected and endogenous NF2 protein localized underneath the plasma membrane in a pattern typical of an ERM protein. In COS-1 transfectants, NF2 protein typically codistributed with ezrin but, in cells with poorly developed actin cytoskeleton, it replaced ezrin in filopodia and ruffling edges. NF2 protein colocalized with CD44, which in transfected cells accumulated into restructured cell membrane protrusions. The association of CD44 and NF2 protein was further suggested by binding of CD44 from cellular lysates to recombinant NF2 protein. Interaction between NF2 protein and the actin-containing cytoskeleton was indicated by partial colocalization, by cytochalasin B-induced coclustering, and by retention of NF2 protein in the detergent-insoluble fraction. Transfected NF2 protein induced morphogenic changes. The cells contained restructured membrane extensions and blebs, and CHO cells expressing NF2 protein were more elongated than control transfectants. In conclusion, NF2 protein possesses functional properties of an ERM family member.
Using web security scanners to detect vulnerabilities in web services (2009)

Although Web services are becoming business-critical components, they are often deployed with critical software bugs that can be maliciously explored. Web vulnerability scanners allow detecting security vulnerabilities in Web services by stressing the service from the point of view of an attacker. However, research and practice show that different scanners have different performance on vulnerabilities detection. In this paper we present an experimental evaluation of security vulnerabilities in 300 publicly available Web services. Four well known vulnerability scanners have been used to identify security flaws in Web services implementations. A large number of vulnerabilities has been observed, which confirms that many services are deployed without proper security testing. Additionally, the differences in the vulnerabilities detected and the high number of false-positives (35% and 40% in two cases) and low coverage (less than 20% for two of the scanners) observed highlight the limitations of Web vulnerability scanners on detecting security vulnerabilities in Web services.
COMPUTER SYSTEMS FOR REAL-TIME MARINE EXPLORATION (1973)

Abstract The goals of the Gulfrex are to perform marine exploration and to conduct research and development in the various facets of marine exploration. The Gulfrex is equipped with various geologic and geophysical data-gathering instruments along with a highly sophisticated navigational package. Computerized control systems were designed to output data in real time so that preliminary interpretations could be made concurrently with data collection. One system, based on an EMR-6130 computer, handles multichannel seismic data. This system includes routines for real-time demultiplexing, normal moveout, stacking, and deconvolution. Output of demultiplexed data is to magnetic tape and optionally to paper records. Output of moveout-corrected, stacked data is to a visual monitor and to magnetic tape via a PDP-8 computer. Deconvolution may be applied to either the single-channel traces or the stacked traces. A moveout-corrected, CDP group is output to a paper record every 24 shots so that estimates of average velocities can be made for a normal-moveout correction. Another system, designed for a PDP-8 computer, is used to collect data from devices interfaced to it. These include single-channel seismic data, gravity and magnetic measurements, and navigational measurements such as course, speed, ship position, and direction. Deconvolved single-channel seismic data are plotted in real time on a visual monitor along with a corrected gravity profile, magnetic profile, speed, course, and time of day. A map of the ship's course is plotted in real time on a drum plotter Inquiries may be made of the system for current position in latitude and longitude.
Color pattern recognition for yarn‐dyed fabrics (2018)

Abstract In the process of designing and analyzing the yarn‐dyed fabric, the yarn color pattern has an important effect on the appearance of the fabric. An automatic color pattern recognition method for yarn‐dyed fabric is proposed in this study. The proposed method uses the fabric images obtained from a high‐resolution digital camera image acquisition system. The local statistical texture features are used for yarn texture segmentation. The yarn color classification problem is then formulated in a research framework of multiregion fuzzy segmentation, which can be added auxiliary variables and solved efficiently by the fast dual projection algorithm. The color values of the yarn crossing points are calculated by the yarn color classification results. The locations of the yarn crossing points are detected by a lightness gradient projection method. Different kinds of fabrics are tested in the experiments. Experiments on 14 actual fabrics show that the approach proposed in this study is effective for classifying yarn color and extracting the yarn color pattern in yarn‐dyed fabric.
1120. Elimination–addition. Part VI. Elimination of sulphonamido-groups (1964)

D. S. Campbell and C. J. M. Stirling, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 5869 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640005869
Les groupes d'entreprises et la décision politique.: Éléments du colloque du 50e anniversaire (2009)

Le 29 janvier 2009, a l’occasion de son 50e anniversaire, le CRISP organisait un colloque a la Bibliotheque Solvay sur le theme « Les groupes d’entreprises et la decision politique ». Ce sujet, choisi par le CRISP avant qu’eclate la crise financiere de l’automne 2008, s’inscrivait dans le cadre de ses travaux sur les groupes d’entreprises, etudies depuis l’origine en tant que structures les plus importantes du pouvoir economique, mais aussi en tant qu’acteurs de la decision politique. Plutot que de proposer des actes complets du colloque, qui auraient ete disparates et, pour une part, trop redevables a la situation du moment, le CRISP a choisi de publier dans le present Courrier hebdomadaire quatre exposes presentes lors de cette journee : l’analyse des origines de la crise financiere mondiale proposee par le professeur Francois Morin, ainsi que trois eclairages sur les relations complexes entre pouvoir economique et pouvoir politique dans la Belgique d’avant et d’apres la reforme de l’Etat, dus respectivement a Ginette Kurgan, Dirk Luyten et Vincent de Coorebyter. Leurs textes, edites dans une forme aussi proche que possible de leur version initiale, conservent ici la vivacite et l’acuite propres aux communications orales.
Strong dependence of the tetragonal Mn2.1Ga thin film crystallization temperature window on seed layer (2013)

For spintronic applications, such as magnetic memory and logic, magnetic thin films with high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and spin polarization are needed. An attractive candidate material is the Heusler compound Mn3-xGa (x varying from 0 to 2). We show that there is a correlation between the degree of crystallization of thin films of Mn3-xGa (x ∼ 0.9) and the magnitude of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Moreover, we find that the crystallization temperature window varies with the seed layer on which the Mn3-xGa films are deposited. Seed layers of Pt, Cr, Ru, Mo and SrTiO3 were considered and the largest crystallization window was found for Pt(100) layers.