gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Retrieval of Top-K Most Similar Users from Travel Smart Card Data (2014)

Understanding the dynamics of human daily mobility patterns is essential for the management and planning of urban facilities and services. Travel smart cards, which record users' public transporting histories, capture rich information of users' mobility pattern. This provides the opportunity to discover valuable knowledge from these transaction records. In recent years, research on measuring user similarity for behavior analysis has attracted a lot of attention in applications such as recommendation systems, crowd behavior analysis applications, and numerous data mining tasks. In this paper, our goal is to estimate the similarity between users' travel patterns according to their travel smart card data. The core of our proposal is a novel user similarity measurement, namely, Travel Spatial-Temporal Similarity (TST), which measures the spatial range and temporal similarity between users. Moreover, we also propose a hybrid index structure, which integrates inverted files and cluster-based partitioning, to allow for efficient retrieval of the top-K most similar users. Through experimental evaluation, our proposed approach is shown to deliver scalable performance.
Hydrogen sulfide-mediated cardioprotection: mechanisms and therapeutic potential (2010)

H2S (hydrogen sulfide), viewed with dread for more than 300 years, is rapidly becoming a ubiquitously present and physiologically relevant signalling molecule. Knowledge of the production and metabolism of H2S has spurred interest in delineating its functions both in physiology and pathophysiology of disease. Although its role in blood pressure regulation and interaction with NO is controversial, H2S, through its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, has demonstrated significant cardioprotection. As a result, a number of sulfide-donor drugs, including garlic-derived polysulfides, are currently being designed and investigated for the treatment of cardiovascular conditions, specifically myocardial ischaemic disease. However, huge gaps remain in our knowledge about this gasotransmitter. Only by additional studies will we understand more about the role of this intriguing molecule in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Immunological Relationships Between Hexons of Certain Human Adenoviruses (1969)

Antisera against hexons of serotypes 2, 4, 5, and 6 (subgroup III), and 15 (subgroup II) were absorbed with purified hexons of various serotypes representing the different subgroups of human adenoviruses. Group, subgroup, and type specificities of hexons could be distinguished. The subgroup specificity of type 4 hexons resembled that of hexons of subgroup I members (types 3, 11, and 16). Antihexon sera gave a type-specific inhibition of virion-associated hemagglutinin. The inhibiting activity of different sera was found to be inversely related to the length of fibers of the serotype concerned. Virions of serotypes carrying fibers shorter than about 20 nm (types 3, 4, 9, 11, and 15) were readily inhibited, whereas those of serotypes with longer fibers (types 2 and 6) were inhibited only by relatively large amounts of antibody measured in terms of homotypic complement fixation activity. The reciprocal cross-neutralization between serotypes 4 and 16 was studied separately. Hexons of both serotypes each carried a type-specific component and, in addition, a unique antigen specificity common to the two types. This common antigen specificity was interpreted to be available to a larger extent at the surface of virions (and probably also isolated hexons) of type 4 than of type 16. These results suggest an explanation for the predominantly one-sided character of the cross-neutralization between types 4 and 16.
A baseband processor for software defined radio terminals (2007)

Software defined radio (SDR) is a technical effort to use programmable hardware in wireless communication systems so that various protocols can be easily supported by software. However, using programmable hardware for SDR terminals has been unachievable because of their tight power budget and high demand on computation capability. The main theme of this thesis is to design a power efficient programmable baseband processor for the SDR. This thesis analyzed most contemporary wireless communication protocols both in system and algorithm levels. System level analysis is to see the interactions be-tween algorithms and the algorithm level analysis is to investigate the computation patterns of the algorithms comprising baseband operations. Based on the characterization results, this thesis proposes chip multiprocessor architecture, whose PEs have both parallel and scalar datapaths. Multiprocessor architecture is proposed to exploit the algorithm level parallelism. Both the par-allel and scalar datapaths are used because baseband processing is a combination of parallelizable and scalar computations. For additional enhancements, three novel
Malignant Eccrine Tumor (1990)

A case of malignant eccrine tumor and its histological findings were reported. In this case, we considered basal cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma clinically; however, the histological features matched those of malignant eccrine tumor. It has been said that it is very difficult to determine the origin of tumors of sweat apparatus; to contribute to this ongoing dialogue, the classification of tumors of eccrine sweat apparatus was also discussed.
Molecular Epidemiology of Drug-Resistant Pneumococci: Toward an International Approach (1997)

An international multicenter study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiological dynamics of penicillin-resistant pneumococci. We compared the molecular epidemiological characteristics of 205 penicillin-resistant isolates originating from The Netherlands, Thailand, United States, Spain, Greece, Poland, Cuba, Germany, Finland, United Kingdom, South Africa, Hungary, Portugal, Croatia, and the Czech Republic. Eighty-four distinct restriction fragment end labeling (RFEL) types were observed. Twenty-eight genetic types were shared by two or more strains. Five genetic clusters consisted of strains originating from different countries, illustrating dissemination of penicillin-resistant pneumococci among countries. The strains displaying the two predominant RFEL types corresponding with the pandemic clones 23F and 9V were found in 10 and 6 different countries, respectively. This clearly demonstrates the pandemic behavior of these two clones. Twelve out of the 28 genetic clusters contained two or more serotypes. This finding indicates frequent horizontal transfer of capsular genes. Within distinct RFEL types, identical penicillin binding protein (PBP) genotypes were often observed, suggesting a high frequency of horizontal transfer of penicillin resistance genes. The most predominant PBP type was found in 15 distinct RFEL types, comprised 44% of the entire collection, and was observed in 11 countries. The vast majority of the strains belonging to the pandemic clones 23F and 9V shared this predominant PBP type. We hypothesize that the clones 23F and 9V are responsible for the worldwide increase of penicillin-resistance, because they serve as a genetic reservoir for susceptible pneumococci to acquire penicillin resistance.
Strategic Trading Behavior, Price Distortion and Market Depth in a Manipulated Market: Anatomy of a Squeeze (2002)

This paper investigates the trading behavior of major market participants during an attempted delivery squeeze in a bond futures contract traded in London. Using the cash and futures trades of dealers and customers, it provides empirical evidence on the strategic trading behavior of market participants in a market manipulation setting. It shows how learning takes place in the marketplace and how squeezes are accompanied by severe price distortions and market depth erosion. It also shows how the marked differences in the penalties for settlement failures in the cash and futures markets create conditions that favor squeezes. To minimize such incidents, it recommends that exchanges mark-to-market the specifications of their contracts more frequently, and that regulatory reporting requires flagging of possession oriented trades like forward term repos that straddle the futures contract delivery period. Strategic Trading Behavior, Price Distortion and Market Depth in a Manipulated Market: Anatomy of a Squeeze
Design of voltage-mode hysteretic controllers for synchronous buck converters supplying microprocessor loads (2005)

The use of voltage-mode hysteretic control is a popular way to power modern microprocessor loads having high slew-rate current transients. A simple methodology is presented for the control design of synchronous buck hysteretic regulators based on sliding-mode control theory. The major advantage of this design approach is that the large-signal dynamic model of the hysteretic regulator can be expressed in close-loop operation as a linear system, thanks to which regular linear control techniques can be easily employed to check stability and to impose a satisfactory transient as well as steady-state performance. A detailed design example and experimental results are reported, confirming the validity of the proposed control design methodology.
An empirical comparison of the WHOQOL-BREF and the SGRQ among patients with COPD (2008)

Both the WHOQOL-BREF and the SGRQ showed comparable reliability and validity. Items related to mobility/walking and ADL may be useful in clinical screening for lung function impairment.
Dielectric and conductor-loss characterization and measurements on electronic packaging materials (2001)

This is an overview of dielectric measurement methods and metrology on substrate materials used in electronic packaging. These substrates include low and high temperature co-fired ceramic substrates, printed wiring boards, and other packaging materials. The most cormnonly used methods are presented.
An industrial case of exploiting product line architectures in agile software development (2009)

There has been an increased interest in exploring the ways of integrating agile software development and software product line approaches. Both approaches share several common goals, which provide the motivation for integrating them. However, there has been little empirical research for understanding how these approaches can be integrated in industrial settings. This paper presents the findings from a case study of a software development company that has successfully integrated software product line architecture and agile software development practices. The company's processes are described based on product line and agile practices. The results are expected to provide useful insights into the mechanics of exploiting product line practices in agile software development despite apparent philosophical clashes between the two approaches.
Western array analysis of human atherosclerotic plaques: downregulation of apoptosis-linked gene 2 (2003)

Western array screening of carotid endarterectomy specimens revealed a strong downregulation of ALG-2 protein. Because ALG-2 has pro-apoptotic potential, our results point to a novel survival mechanism against cell death in human atherosclerotic plaques.
Cover Image, Volume 8, Issue 3 (2018)

The cover image, by Zhen Li et al., is based on the Original Research Article The correlation between crushed coal porosity and permeability under various methane pressure gradients: a case study using Jincheng anthracite, DOI: 10.1002/ghg.1757.
Mild Cognitive Impairment and Aging (2012)

Because normal aging includes changes in thinking and memory, it is challenging to differentiate between normal age-related changes and mild cognitive impairment, a pathological condition with risk for developing dementia. Cognitive changes associated with mild cognitive impairment may lead to physical impairments and dysfunction. Rehabilitation professionals who are equipped in differentiating mild cognitive impairment from normal aging will assist in early diagnosis and treatment and approach their patients in a more compassionate manner. Recommendations for physical exercise and cognitively engaging activities across the lifespan may attenuate cognitive decline with advancing years.
Wideband Sub-6 GHz Self-Grounded Bow-Tie Antenna with New Feeding Mechanism for 5G Communication Systems (2019)

This paper presents a self-grounded directional Bow-Tie antenna with a novel feed structure for sub-6 GHz applications in 5G communication systems covering 3.35-4.4 GHz. The antenna consists of two petal shaped metal structures that are fed by a bend microstrip line with an out-of-phase excitation. The petals are anchored on a common ground-plane. The feed mechanism used to excite the petals is by EM coupling from a single open-circuited microstrip line implemented behind the ground-plane. The coupling of EM energy from the input microstrip line to the feed microstrip line is controlled via an I-shaped slot printed on the ground-plane. The proposed antenna offers good impedance matching across its operating frequency range with VSWR&lt;2 and exhibits an average gain of 20 dBi for an 8×8 element antenna array.
Tracking of facial features to support human-robot interaction (2009)

In this paper we present a novel methodology for detection and tracking of facial features like eyes, nose and mouth in image sequences. The proposed methodology is intended to support natural interaction with autonomously navigating robots that guide visitors in museums and exhibition centers and, more specifically, to provide input for the analysis of facial expressions that humans utilize while engaged in various conversational states. For face and facial feature region detection and tracking, we propose a methodology that combines appearance-based and feature-based methods for recognition and tracking, respectively. For the stage of face tracking the introduced method is based on least squares matching (LSM), a matching technique able to model effectively radiometric and geometric differences between image patches in different images. Thus, compared with previous research, the LSM approach can overcome the problems of variable scene illumination and head in-plane rotation. Another significant characteristic of the proposed approach is that tracking is performed on the image plane only wherever laser range information suggests so. The increased computational efficiency meets the real time demands of human-robot interaction applications and hence facilitates the development of relevant systems.
Homeopathic trial design in influenza treatment (2010)

This review presents a critical evaluation of methodological quality in controlled trials on homeopathic treatment of influenza. First, a short summary on the prevalence, quality, and most commonly cited shortcomings of homeopathic controlled trials in general is presented to support the more specific points within influenza trials alone. To this end, three areas of the homeopathic literature are examined; large meta-analyses looking at study quality and results across research areas, reviews on research within specific diagnostic categories, and the available reviews and primary studies on influenza treatment trials. The specific methodological designs of homeopathic influenza treatment trials are then compared, on a point by point basis, to pharmaceutical trials on influenza antiviral drugs. The goal of the evaluation is to highlight frequently cited problems in homeopathic trial design, suggest possible improvement for future studies, and make specific recommendations for homeopathic influenza trials based on a comparison to standard antiviral trials.
Understanding the impact of ionic liquid pretreatment on eucalyptus (2010)

Background: The development of cost-competitive biofuels necessitates the realization of advanced biomass pretreatment technologies. Ionic liquids provide a basis for one of the most promising pretreatment technologies and are known to allow effective processing of cellulose and some biomass species. Results & discussion: Here, we demonstrate that the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate, [C2mim][OAc], induces structural changes at the molecular level in the cell wall of Eucalyptus globulus. Deacetylation of xylan, acetylation of the lignin units, selective removal of guaiacyl units (increasing the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio) and decreased β-ether content were the most prominent changes observed. Scanning electron microscopy images of the plant cell wall sections reveal extensive swelling during [C2mim][OAc] pretreatment. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate a change in cellulose crystal structure from cellulose I to cellulose II after [C2mim][OAc] pretreatment. Enzymatic saccharification of the pretreated material produced increased sugar yields and improved hydrolysis kinetics after [C2mim][OAc] pretreatment. Conclusion: These results provide new insight into the mechanism of ionic liquid pretreatment and reaffirm that this approach may be promising for the production of cellulosic biofuels from woody biomass.
Pedestrian detection via multi-scale feature fusion convolutional neural network (2017)

As a special task beyond general object detection, pedestrian detection has attracted much attention in recent years. Despite the significant improvements, detecting pedestrians is still a challenging task, especially for small-size pedestrians. In this paper, we present a multi-scale feature fusion convolutional neural network (MFF-CNN) for pedestrian detection. The MFF-CNN is benchmarked on three challenging pedestrian datasets: Caltech, INRIA and ETH datasets. The experimental results show that our proposed approach achieves highly competitive results and has a great advantage in small-size pedestrian detection.
Prospects and limitations of microbial pesticides for control of bacterial and fungal pomefruit tree diseases (2011)

The tree constitutes an ecosystem in which microorganisms play an essential role in its functionality. Interactions that microorganisms establish with plants may be beneficial or detrimental and are of extreme importance in the exploitation of trees in agriculture as crop production systems. Fruit trees, especially pomefruit trees including apple, pear and several ornamentals are of great economic importance but its production is affected by several diseases. Fungal and bacterial fruit tree diseases are mainly controlled with chemical fungicides and bactericides, but health and environmental concerns about the use of chemical pesticides have result in strong regulatory actions and have stimulated the development of beneficial microorganisms as microbial pesticides. Up to now, several microorganisms have been registered in different countries and in the EU as biocontrol agents (BCA) covering mainly fire blight, soil-borne fungal diseases and postharvest fruit fungal rot. The key aspects in the success of this technology for disease control are related to biosafety and environmental impact of biocontrol agents, the traceability and fate in the environment and food chain, the improvement by physiological, genetic engineering or the use of mixtures or formulations as well as the industrial production and development of delivery systems for treatment application to trees.
Serum Thyrotropin (TSH) Levels after Thyroid Ablation Compared with TSH Levels after Exogenous Bovine TSH: Implications for<sup>131</sup>I Treatment of Thyroid Carcinoma (1972)

In a group of ten patients who had undergone thyroid ablation for thyroid carcinoma, serum endogenous TSH was measured after withdrawal of triiodothyronine treatment. Serum TSH levels rose progressively during the 10–20 days of observation. Only two patients reached a plateau in their TSH level 10 and 15 days after withdrawal. Another group of ten subjects (5 euthyroid, 5 hypothyroid) were given 10 U bovine thyrotropin im on 3 successive days. Bovine TSH levels in their serum measured in a specific radioimmunoassay reached a peak of approximately 100–120 μU/ml in 2–4 hr and declined about 50% at 8–10 hr. Successive injections did not have an additive effect on the level achieved. Assuming the units of human and bovine TSH have an equivalent effect in man, the sustained elevated levels reached 2–3 weeks after withdrawal of triiodothyronine probably cause as much stimulation of residual functional thyroid tissue as does administration of bovine thyrotropin.
Manipulating acoustic wave reflection by a nonlinear elastic metasurface (2018)

The acoustic wave reflection properties of a nonlinear elastic metasurface, derived from resonant nonlinear elastic elements, are theoretically and numerically studied. The metasurface is composed of a two degree-of-freedom mass-spring system with quadratic elastic nonlinearity. The possibility of converting, during the reflection process, most of the fundamental incoming wave energy into the second harmonic wave is shown, both theoretically and numerically, by means of a proper design of the nonlinear metasurface. The theoretical results from the harmonic balance method for a monochromatic source are compared with time domain simulations for a wave packet source. This protocol allows analyzing the dynamics of the nonlinear reflection process in the metasurface as well as exploring the limits of the operating frequency bandwidth. The reported methodology can be applied to a wide variety of nonlinear metasurfaces, thus possibly extending the family of exotic nonlinear reflection processes.
Cryostat Design (2014)

This paper aims to give non-expert engineers and scientists working in the domain of accelerators a general introduction to the main disciplines and technologies involved in the design and construction of accelerator cryostats. Far from being an exhaustive coverage of these topics, an attempt is made to provide simple design and calculation rules for a preliminary design of cryostats. Recurrent reference is made to the Large Hadron Collider magnet cryostats, as most of the material presented is taken from their design and construction at CERN.
TB Meningitis and TB Peritonitis: Abdominal Pseudocyst and VP-Shunt Link (2019)

TB meningitis (TBM) carries high morbidity and mortality and is a relatively common extrapulmonary TB in the third world countries. TBM as thick exudative disease manifests on MRI and CT as nodular basal leptomeningitis, hydrocephalus, basal infarcts, and tuberculomas. Hydrocephalus is treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS). Shunt malfunction and revision are common. We report a case of multidrug-resistant TBM with spinal involvement and dissemination of the disease via VPS causing TB peritonitis (TBP). TBP presented as a large abdominal pseudocyst around the catheter tip with shunt malfunction. There was no evidence for any other site of extra-CNS disease. TBP per se is relatively less common. This is the first case reporting VPS as a means of TB spread.