gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Differential Voltage-Controlled Integrated Antenna Oscillator Based on Double-Sided Parallel-Strip Line (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A voltage-controlled integrated antenna oscillator (VCIAO) integrating a differential voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a double-sided parallel-strip line (DSPSL)-fed quasi-Yagi antenna based on the DSPSL is presented in this paper. The quasi-Yagi antenna is used not only as the radiating element, but also as the output power combiner and the resonating load of the differential VCO without any matching circuits or transition between them. The two sub-oscillators of the VCO on the opposite sides of the substrate share a common quarter-wavelength DSPSL resonator and a common inserted ground plane, which also works as the reflecting element for the quasi-Yagi antenna. The common DSPSL resonator terminated by a series varactor can not only help to synchronize the two sub-oscillators, but also realize tunable oscillating frequency. Due to the differential output of the proposed VCO, the cross polarization of the proposed VCIAO is suppressed to a great extent in the entire tunable frequency range. </para>
Microfluidic generation of encapsulated droplet interface bilayer networks (multisomes) and their use as cell-like reactors (2016)

Compartmentalised structures based on droplet interface bilayers (DIBs), including multisomes and compartmentalised vesicles, are seen by many as the next generation of biomimetic soft matter devices. Herein, we outline a microfluidic approach for the construction of miniaturised multisomes of pL volumes in high-throughput and demonstrate their potential as vehicles for in situ chemical synthesis.
Nucleation and bulk film growth kinetics of nanocrystalline diamond prepared by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates (1996)

Real time spectroscopic ellipsometry has been applied to characterize the substrate temperature (T) dependence of the deposition rates for nanocrystalline diamond thin films prepared by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on seeded Si substrates. With the real time capability, it is possible to determine the rates at which the diamond mass thickness (i.e., volume per area) increases during the early nucleation and bulk film growth regimes. The increases in the nucleating and bulk diamond growth rates with T for 400&lt;T&lt;800 °C are consistent with activation energies of ∼17 and 8 kcal/mol, respectively. The results reported here provide insights into the nature of the low-T growth rate limitations for diamond films on nondiamond substrates.
MPI programming environment for IBM SP1/SP2 (2002)

In this paper we discuss an implementation of the message passing interface standard (MPI) for the IBM Scalable Power PARALLEL 1 and 2 (SP1, SP2). Key to a reliable and efficient implementation of a message passing library on these machines is the careful design of a UNIX-Socket like layer in the user space with controlled access to the communication adapters and with adequate recovery and flow control. The performance of this implementation is at the same level as the IBM-proprietary message passing library (MPL). We also show that in the IBM SP1 and SP2 we achieve integrated tracing ability, where both system events, such as context switches and page fault etc., and MPI related activities are traced, with minimal overhead to the application program, thus presenting application programmers the trace of all the events that ultimately affect efficiency of a parallel program.
Phosphorylation of Cell Surface Receptors: A Mechanism for Regulating Signal Transduction Pathways (1988)

SPECIFIC receptors, located in the plasma membranes of cells, are crucially involved in mediating the acute and chronic effects of a wide variety of hormones, drugs, growth factors, antigens, and other ligands. Some membrane receptors are involved in transporting various important molecules into the cell by a process known as receptor-mediated endocytosis. An important insight which has emerged from recent research is that both the function and subcellular distribution of many such receptors are dynamically regulated. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation represents perhaps the most intensively studied reversible covalent modification of enzymes which is known to have regulatory significance (1, 2). Considerably more is known about the kinases than the phosphatases. Only recently has it begun to be appreciated that the function of noncatalytic proteins, such as receptors, may also be regulated in this way. We review here the important plasma membrane receptor systems thus far studied whose function and/or cellular trafficking has been demonstrated to be regulated by phosphorylation. Available information suggests a number of principles which may be generally applicable as well as several testable hypotheses.
ARFMS: An AR-based WYSIWYG Filmmaking System (2014)

This paper proposes a novel “What You See Is What You Get” filmmaking system, called as ARFMS. It provides users with a low cost and easy to use system to make movies. Users cannot only real-time visualize the performance with computer-generated objects, but also visual effects films will be finished without post-production. After finished the screenplay, the performance will be shot on-site using an ordinary camera. CG objects will be simply and effectively controlled by natural interaction. Then users can apply the DR-marker just like an actual scene element, because it takes the advantages of marker-based and markerless-based registration approaches. This paper implements ARFMS to achieve pre-visualization and real-time finish the film using augmented reality technology. The user can perform with the CG character and stage property just like real ones. DOI :  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i6.4582 Full Text: PDF
SEED DISPERSAL BY BIRDS AND DENSITIES OF SHRUBS UNDER TREES IN ARID SOUTH AUSTRALIA (1987)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Carnosine on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Amyloid Pathology, and Cognitive Deficits in 3xTg-AD Mice (2011)

Our data indicate that carnosine can be part of a combined therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD.
Weighted mode filtering and its applications to depth video enhancement and coding (2012)

This paper presents a novel approach for improving the quality of depth video. Given a high-quality color image and its corresponding low-quality depth image, we handle various artifacts which may exist on the depth video by applying a weighted mode filtering method based on a joint histogram. When the histogram is generated, the weight based on color similarity between reference and neighboring pixels on the color image is computed and then used for counting each bin on the joint histogram of the depth map. A final solution is determined by seeking a global mode on the histogram. Experimental results show that the proposed method has outstanding performance and is very efficient in various applications such as depth video enhancement and compression.
The Adenylation Domain of Tyrocidine Synthetase 1 (1997)

Sequence analysis of peptide synthetases revealed extensive structure similarity with firefly luciferase, whose crystal structure has recently become available, providing evidence for the localization of the active site at the interface between two subdomains separated by a distorted linker region [Conti, E., Franks, N. P. & Brick, P. (1996) Structure 4, 287-298]. The functional importance of two flexible loops, corresponding to the linker region of firefly luciferase and the highly conserved (S/T)GT(T/S)GXPKG core sequence, has been studied in view of the proposed conformational changes by the use of mutant analysis, limited proteolysis and chemical modification of tyrocidine synthetase 1. Substitution of the highly conserved Arg416, residing in the loop separating the subdomains of the adenylation domain, resulted in profound loss of activity. Limited proteolysis of the mutant suggested significant structural changes as manifested by lack of protection to degradation in the presence of substrates, revealing a probable disturbance of the induced-fit mechanism regulating the transformation from an open to a closed conformation. Mutants, obtained by replacement of the conserved Lys186 from the (S/T)GT(T/S)GXPKG core sequence, displayed only minor differences in substrate-binding affinity despite significant reduction of catalytic efficiency. Residue Lys186 appears to play an important role in either stabilization of the bound substrate through charge-charge-interactions, and/or fixing of the loop for maintainance of the active-site conformation.
Improving Geothermal Project Economics with Multi-zone Stimulation: Results from the Newberry Volcano EGS Demonstration (2013)

In both conventional geothermal projects and in EGS, the flow rate from each production well is the critical component of project economics and has a direct effect on the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). In conventional geothermal fields, the cost of the wellfield system makes up 25% - 50% of the total cost of the project. In EGS the wellfield makes up 60%-80% of the cost of the project. While intersecting adequate temperatures during drilling is a significant risk, low temperatures can be compensated by high flow rates. In EGS projects, the temperature is primarily a function of the drilling depth, so the ability to stimulate and achieve a high production rate without risking rapid temperature drop is critical not only to project economics, but also to expansion of the development of geothermal energy into areas where hydrothermal resources are not found. The oil and gas industry has developed stimulation techniques over the years that have allowed the enhancement of very low permeability rock for oil and gas production. Multi-stage stimulation and horizontal well completions can access larger volumes of tight rock to recover poorly connected pore volume. These technology changes in oil and gas stimulation have allowed the development of a resource that was previously thought to be uneconomic. In unconventional oil and gas resources, the permeability of shale is very low, just as heat transfer in rock is very small. The larger the surface area of the contact with the formation, the more production is possible. By focusing our efforts in geothermal energy technology on improving production and injection rates through stimulation, improving power plant efficiency to get more power output from the same flow and temperature and by managing the reservoir to reduce pressure and temperature decline, we can mitigate exploration risk and expand the base of geothermal power production.
A mutation of F47 to A in staphylococcus enterotoxin A activates the T-cell receptor Vbeta repertoire in vivo (1997)

The bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) binds with high affinity to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and subsequently activates T cells bearing particular T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta chains. Structural and mutational studies have defined two distinct MHC class II binding sites located in the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of SEA. The N-terminal F47 amino acid is critically involved in a low-affinity interaction to the MHC class II alpha-chain, while the C-terminal residues H187, H225, and D227 coordinate a Zn2+ ion and bind with moderate affinity to the beta-chain. In order to analyze whether the SEA-MHC class II alpha-chain interaction plays a role in dictating the in vivo repertoire of T-cell subsets, we studied distinct Vbeta populations after stimulation with wild-type SEA [SEA(wt)] and SEA with an F47A mutation [SEA(F47A)]. Injections of SEA(wt) in C57BL/6 mice induced cytokine release in serum, strong cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity, expansion of T-cell subsets, and modulated expression of the T-cell activation antigens CD25, CD11a, CD44, CD62L, and CD69. SEA-reactive TCR Vbeta3+ and Vbeta11+ T cells were activated, while TCR Vbeta8+ T cells remained unaffected. The SEA(F47A) mutant protein induced a weaker T-cell response and failed to induce substantial interleukin-6 production compared to SEA(wt). Notably, SEA(F47A) failed to activate TCR Vbeta11+ T cells, whereas in vivo expansion and modulation of T-cell activation markers on TCR Vbeta3+ T cells were similar to those for SEA(wt). A similar response to SEA(F47A) was seen among CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Activation of TCR Vbeta3+ and TCR Vbeta11+ T-cell hybridomas confirmed that SEA(F47A) activates TCR Vbeta3+ but not TCR Vbeta11+ T cells. The data support the view that the SEA-N-terminal MHC class II alpha-chain interaction defines a topology that is required for engagement of certain TCR Vbeta chains in vivo.
A kernel logit approach for face and non-face classification (2003)

This paper introduces a kernel logit approach for face and non-face classification. The approach is based on the combined use of the multinomial logit model (MLM) and "kernel feature compound vectors." The MLM is one of the neural network models for multiclass pattern classification, and is supposed to be equal or better in classification performance than linear classification methods. The "kernel feature compound vectors" are compound feature vectors of geometric image features and Kernel features. Evaluation and comparison experiments were conducted by using face and non,face images (Face: training 100, cross-validation 300, test 325, Non-face : training 200, cross-validation 1000, test 1000) gathered from the available face databases and others. The experimental result obtained by the proposed method was better than the results obtained by the Support Vector Machines (SVM) and the Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis (KFDA).
Complete Structure of the Chloroplast Genome of Arabidopsis thaliana (1999)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast genome of Arabidopsis thaliana has been determined. The genome as a circular DNA composed of 154,478 bp containing a pair of inverted repeats of 26,264 bp, which are separated by small and large single copy regions of 17,780 bp and 84,170 bp, respectively. A total of 87 potential protein-coding genes including 8 genes duplicated in the inverted repeat regions, 4 ribosomal RNA genes and 37 tRNA genes (30 gene species) representing 20 amino acid species were assigned to the genome on the basis of similarity to the chloroplast genes previously reported for other species. The translated amino acid sequences from respective potential protein-coding genes showed 63.9% to 100% sequence similarity to those of the corresponding genes in the chloroplast genome of Nicotiana tabacum, indicating the occurrence of significant diversity in the chloroplast genes between two dicot plants. The sequence data and gene information are available on the World Wide Web database KAOS (Kazusa Arabidopsis data Opening Site) at http://www.kazusa.or.jp/arabi/.
Evolutionary Origin and Emergence of a Highly Successful Clone of Serotype M1 Group A<i>Streptococcus</i>Involved Multiple Horizontal Gene Transfer Events (2005)

To better understand the molecular events involved in the origin of new pathogenic bacteria, we studied the evolution of a highly virulent clone of serotype M1 group A Streptococcus (GAS). Genomic, DNA-DNA microarray, and single-nucleotide polymorphism analyses indicated that this clone evolved through a series of horizontal gene transfer events that involved (1) the acquisition of prophages encoding streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A and extracellular DNases and (2) the reciprocal recombination of a 36-kb chromosomal region encoding the extracellular toxins NAD + -glycohydrolase (NADase) and streptolysin O (SLO). These gene transfer events were associated with significantly increased production of SLO and NADase. Virtual identity in the 36kb region present in contemporary serotype M1 and M12 isolates suggests that a serotype M12 strain served as the donor of this region. Multiple horizontal gene transfer events were a crucial factor in the evolutionary origin and emergence of a very abundant contemporary clone of serotype M1 GAS.
Azoreductase activity of anaerobic bacteria isolated from human intestinal microflora (1990)

A plate assay was developed for the detection of anaerobic bacteria that produce azoreductases. With this plate assay, 10 strains of anaerobic bacteria capable of reducing azo dyes were isolated from human feces and identified as Eubacterium hadrum (2 strains), Eubacterium spp. (2 species), Clostridium clostridiiforme, a Butyrivibrio sp., a Bacteroides sp., Clostridium paraputrificum, Clostridium nexile, and a Clostridium sp. The average rate of reduction of Direct Blue 15 dye (a dimethoxybenzidine-based dye) in these strains ranged from 16 to 135 nmol of dye per min per mg of protein. The enzymes were inactivated by oxygen. In seven isolates, a flavin compound (riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, or flavin mononucleotide) was required for azoreductase activity. In the other three isolates and in Clostridium perfringens, no added flavin was required for activity. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that each bacterium expressed only one azoreductase isozyme. At least three types of azoreductase enzyme were produced by the different isolates. All of the azoreductases were produced constitutively and released extracellularly.
Annual Research Review: Impact of advances in genetics in understanding developmental psychopathology (2011)

It was hoped that diagnostic guidelines for, and treatment of, child psychiatric disorders in DSM-5 would be informed by the wealth of clinical genetic research related to neurodevelopmental disorders. In spite of remarkable advances in genetic technology, this has not been the case. Candidate gene, genome-wide association, and rare copy number variant (CNV) studies have been carried out for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Autism, Tourette's Syndrome, and schizophrenia, with intriguing results, but environmental factors, incomplete penetrance, pleiotropy, and genetic heterogeneity, underlying any given phenotype have limited clinical translation. One promising approach may be the use of developmental brain imaging measures as more relevant phenotypes. This is particularly important, as subtle abnormalities in timing and expression of gene pathways underlying brain development may well link these disorders and be the ultimate target of treatments.
Organic Reactions Catalyzed by Methylrhenium Trioxide:  Reactions of Ethyl Diazoacetate and Organic Azides (1996)

Methylrhenium trioxide (CH3ReO3 or MTO) catalyzes several classes of reactions of ethyl diazoacetate, EDA. It is the first high valent oxo complex for carbene transfer. Under mild conditions and in the absence of other substrates, EDA was converted to a 9:1 mixture of diethyl maleate and diethyl fumarate. In the presence of alcohols, α-alkoxy ethyl acetates were obtained in good yield. The yields dropped for the larger and more branched alcohols, the balance of material being diethyl maleate and fumarate. An electron-donating group in the para position of phenols favors the formation of α-phenoxy ethyl acetates. The use of EDA to form α-thio ethyl acetates and N-substituted glycine ethyl esters, on the other hand, is hardly affected by the size or structure of the parent thiol or amine, with all of these reactions proceeding in high yield. MTO-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions occur between EDA and aromatic imines, olefins, and carbonyl compounds. Three-membered ring products are formed: aziridines, cyclopropanes, and epoxides, respectively. The reactions favor the formation of trans products, and provide a convenient route for the preparation of aziridines. Intermediate carbenoid and nitrenoid species have been proposed. In the presence of an oxygen source such as an epoxide, ethyl diazoacetate and azibenzil are converted to an oxalic acid monoethyl ester and to benzil; at the same time the epoxide was converted to an olefin. These results provide further support for the proposed intermediate, a cyclic species containing Re, O, and CHCO2Et (or, occasionally, CPhC(O)Ph) in a three-membered ring.
Interleukin-6 trans-signalling differentially regulates proliferation, migration, adhesion and maspin expression in human prostate cancer cells (2009)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is suggested to have a pathogenic role in the progression of prostate cancer (PC), therefore representing an attractive target for new therapies. However, due to the pleiotropy of this cytokine, targeting IL-6 results in different and unpredictable responses. In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying the different responses to the cytokine, we focused our attention on IL-6 receptors (IL-6Rs) that represent the first element in the cascade of cytokine-activated signalling pathways. IL-6 signal transduction may indeed occur through the membrane IL-6R (classical signalling) and/or through the less studied soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R; IL-6 trans-signalling (IL-6TS)). We provide the first evidence how responses to IL-6 may depend on the different content of IL-6Rs in PC. In particular, the studies of (3)H-thymidine incorporation and exploitation of different approaches (i.e. activation or inhibition of IL-6TS in sIL-6R-negative and -positive cell lines and transfection of IL-6R siRNA) allowed us to demonstrate that IL-6TS specifically accounts for an anti-proliferative effect of the cytokine in three PC cell lines that are known to respond differently to IL-6. Additionally, by applying migration-, scratch- and adhesion assays, we show that IL-6TS increases motility and migration and decreases adhesion of prostate cells facilitating thereby processes that determine metastasis initiation and spread. Finally, by western analyses, we uncovered an IL-6- and sIL-6R-dependent downregulation of the tumour suppressor maspin. Collectively, these data suggest that selective targeting of IL-6TS might allow to refine the currently available experimental anti-IL-6 therapies against PC.
Development and testing of a short physical activity recall questionnaire. (2005)

The evaluated instruments had reasonable reliability and demonstrated an ability to capture important differences in overall physical activity patterns in this population, although individual classification errors were substantial.
Motivating Factors Associated With Receipt of Asymptomatic Colonoscopy Screening (2015)

A primary care physician's recommendation may be the most prevalent motivating factor in patients' decisions to receive a colonoscopy, but a subgroup seeks CRC screening on their own. Analysis of the motivations of individuals who have sought colonoscopy screening may offer useful insights into motivating those who have not.
T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation (2009)

When B cells respond to an infection, they often require help from CD4+ T cells to mount a proper response. It is thought that a subset of CD4+ effector T cells, called T follicular helper cells (TFH), performs this function. Several subsets of effector CD4+ T cells arise, depending on the type of infection, which have distinct transcriptional programs driving their differentiation. Whether this is also the case for TFH cells has not been clear (see the Perspective by [Awasthi and Kuchroo][1] ). Nurieva et al. (p. [1001][2], published online 23 July) and Johnston et al. (p. [1006][3]; published online 16 July) now demonstrate that the transcription factor Bcl6 is both necessary and sufficient for TFH differentiation and subsequent B cell–mediated immunity, suggesting that it is a master regulator of this lineage. Johnston et al. also show that expression of Bcl6 and the transcription factor, Blimp-1, are reciprocally regulated in TFH cells and that, when ectopically expressed, Blimp-1 inhibits TFH development.

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1178752
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1176676
 [3]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1175870