gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple structure for statistical meta-data (2002)

The paper is a contribution to the debate about the nature of meta-data. The author argues that meta-data is not just data because its effective use requires functionality which is not usually present in an RDBMS. He presents a simple data structure for storing statistical meta-data and discusses the functionality needed for statistical uses. However, because meta-data is data one can use standard RDBMS facilities as well, to increase the usefulness of the meta-data beyond the basic requirements.
Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK1) in cerebral cortex of late-onset Alzheimer's disease patients and aged controls (2009)

We found that DAPK1 was expressed in neurones of aged human frontal cortex, both in AD and in control cases.
Functional folate receptor beta-expressing macrophages in osteoarthritis synovium and their M1/M2 expression profiles (2012)

The distribution and M1/M2 expression profiles of FR-β+ synovial macrophages were different between OA and RA synovial tissues. Thus, the findings underscore that the M1/M2 paradigm using surface markers FR-β and CD163 is an oversimplification of macrophage subsets. Functional FR-β present on OA synovial macrophages provides a potential tool for the diagnosis and treatment of OA.
A methodology for evaluating the performance of dynamic range control algorithms for speech enhancement (1987)

This paper describes a system that has been developed for automatically measuring the enhancement in the peak/rms ratio that a given audio processor provides, and gives some preliminary results on the performance of three commercial audio processors and two rather simple processors. An important outcome of the results is the establishment of an engineering goal for an improved digital signal processing (DSP) speech enhancement algorithm.
Monolithic CMOS detector module for photon counting and picosecond timing (2004)

A monolithic optoelectronic module for counting and timing single optical photons has been designed and fabricated in CMOS technology. It integrates a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) of 12 /spl mu/m-diameter with a complete active-quenching and active-reset circuit. The detector operates in Geiger-mode biased above breakdown level, with overvoltage adjustable up to 20 V. The on-chip electronics detects the rise of the current triggered by a photogenerated carrier, then swiftly quenches the avalanche by controlling the SPAD bias voltage, and finally resets the detector after a hold-off time (adjustable from 0 to 350 ns). In a chip of 700 /spl mu/m/spl times/1,000 /spl mu/m, the overall performance is comparable or better than that of macroscopic modules available from leading industries.
Micro-Composite Fabrication via Field-Aided Laminar Composite (FALCom) Processing (2012)

Abstract : A novel composite fabrication process is used to create multi-functional micro-composites, which can be tailored for specific end-use applications. The Field-Aided Laminar Composite (FALCom) process uses specifically focused electric fields to align nano- to micro-sized particles into chain-like structures, which are referred to as pseudo-fibers. These pseudo-fibers are then immediately frozen into place by the laser curing of the photopolymer matrix. The pseudo-fibers are arranged by design, and are used to create three-dimensional composite structures. In this research, multiple filler particles were selected for processing evaluation. Multi-walled carbon nano-tubes, aluminum micro-particles, and alumina micro-particles were aligned and oriented in an acrylic photopolymer matrix. Examples of processing and a review of experimental processing are shown, and conclusions and future work are discussed.
Hydrogen Adsorption of Alkali Metal Complexes of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Graphite, and Their Solid State Properties (1983)

Abstract The hydrogen adsorption in alkali metal complexes of graphite and triphenylene has been investigated by means of ESR and electrical resistivity under hydrogen atmosphere. In the first stage graphite compound C8Rb, hydrogen molecules are dissociated into atoms which are stabilized in graphite gaps. C8K has a two stage hydrogen adsorption process: dissociation and charge transfer. For C8Cs, the catalytic activity for hydrogen comes from the surface. The second stage compounds C24M (M=K, Rb, and Cs) show weaker activities for hydrogen than the first stage ones. Triphenylene-potassium complex has a two stage process for hydrogen adsorption.
A presenilin-1 Thr116Asn substitution in a family with early-onset Alzheimerʼs disease (1999)

Mutation in the presenilin-1 (PS-1) gene at chromosome 14q24.3 is the most common cause of autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Here, we report a novel missense mutation in the presenilin-1 gene found in a three-generation Danish family with autopsy-verified early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Two affected first-degree relatives in two generations were found to be heterozygous for a cytosine to adenine transversion at the second position of codon 116, which changes the amino acid at that position from threonine to asparagine. This conservative amino acid substitution occurs in an evolutionary highly conserved region of the PS-1 protein and is associated with onset of the disease between age 35 and 41 years and 4-8 years' duration of the disease. Analysis of amyloid beta-protein (A beta) deposition in brain specimens from one affected family member showed predominance of A beta 42(43). Onset and progression of the disease were very similar in two sibs homozygous for the epsilon 3 allele and the epsilon 4 allele, respectively, of the polymorphic apolipoprotein E locus. The lack of effect of the high risk epsilon 4/epsilon 4 genotype on the disease in this family corroborates and extends previous observations that the presence of one copy of the epsilon 4 allele does not modulate PS-1 associated Alzheimer's disease.
The language of chatgroups (2001)

The Internet allows people to engage in a multi-party conversation online, either synchronously, in real time, or asynchronously, in postponed time (chapter 1). The situations in which such interactions take place have been referred to in various ways, partly reflecting the period in Internet history when they were introduced, and partly reflecting the orientation and subject-matter of the group involved, such as chatgroups, newsgroups, usergroups, chatrooms, mailing lists, discussion lists, e-conferences, and bulletin boards. In this book, I have used chatgroups as a generic term for world-wide multi-participant electronic discourse, whether real-time or not. There is a technical overlap with e-mailing: a mailing list is essentially an e-mail address which redirects a message to a set of other addresses. It is also possible for pairs of chatgroup members to arrange to communicate privately by e-mail or using some other messaging facility. However, from a linguistic point of view it is important to distinguish the chatgroup from the e-mail situation (chapter 4), in that the latter is typically between a pair of named individuals (or institutions), with message-exchanges often limited to a single transaction, and relating to a specific, pre-planned question. Chatgroups, by contrast, typically involve several people, with message-exchanges often anonymous, continuing indefinitely, and dealing with a wide and unpredictable range of issues. Although there are several points of linguistic similarity between the two situations, the linguistic features and strategies taken up by chatgroup participants are very different from those typically employed by e-mail users.
A Practical Method for Determining Contact Stresses in Elastically Loaded Line Contacts (1970)

Forecasting life of a cylindrical rolling element under cyclic elastic loading and with misalignment requires determining the exact shape of the mutual contact as well as its area. The classical Hertzian equations for predicting half width of the contact area and resulting mean and maximum stresses are only sufficient to determine the stress levels for symmetrically loaded, uncrowned cylinders under static and dry surface conditions. However, the theory fails in predicting stress distributions for crowned cylinders, symmetrically or asymmetrically loaded and does not describe end of contact phenomena. Toward this end a method has been developed for recording the contact area or “footprint”, created by the symmetrical or asymmetrical static loading of a partially crowned, cylindrical steel roller on an unlubricated flat steel plate. Analysis of the “foot print” yields the load and stress distributions over the contact area and may be employed as a practical tool in experimental investigations and product design work.
The Effects of Pressure on Water Transport in Polymers (1993)

Effect of pressure on the water absorption of general purpose unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins was studied. The water absorption curves of polymers were determined at 25.5°C, 100% relative humidity, and 1 atm. Polymers were immersed into 28.5°C water at 1 atm and 1500 psi, respectively. The weight percent changes were observed after 144 hours. The data of 1 atm and 1500 psi matched with the weight changes of the sorption curves. The experiment indicated that no effect of pressure on water ab sorption of polyester and vinyl ester resins was found in this pressure range.
Liquid-core, liquid-cladding photonic crystal fibers (2007)

We experimentally demonstrate a simple and novel technique to simultaneously insert a liquid into the core of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and a different liquid into its cladding. The result is a liquid-core, liquid-cladding waveguide in which the two liquids can be selected to yield specific guidance characteristics. As an example, we tuned the core-cladding index difference by proper choice of the inserted liquids to obtain control over the number of guided modes. Single-mode guidance was achieved for a particular choice of liquids. We also experimentally and theoretically investigated the nature of light confinement and observed the transition from photonic bandgap to total internal reflection guidance both with the core-cladding index contrast and with the PCF length.
A Practical Method for Fully Automatic Intrinsic Camera Calibration Using Directionally Encoded Light (2017)

Calibrating the intrinsic properties of a camera is one of the fundamental tasks required for a variety of computer vision and image processing tasks. The precise measurement of focal length, location of the principal point as well as distortion parameters of the lens is crucial, for example, for 3D reconstruction [27]. Although a variety of methods exist to achieve this goal, they are often cumbersome to carry out, require substantial manual interaction, expert knowledge, and a significant operating volume. We propose a novel calibration method based on the usage of directionally encoded light rays for estimating the intrinsic parameters. It enables a fully automatic calibration with a small device mounted close to the front lens element and still enables an accuracy comparable to standard methods even when the lens is focused up to infinity. Our method overcomes the mentioned limitations since it guarantees an accurate calibration without any human intervention while requiring only a limited amount of space. Besides that, the approach also allows to estimate the distance of the focal plane as well as the size of the aperture. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method by evaluating several camera/lens configurations using prototypical devices.
Stroke, Statins, and Cholesterol (1997)

The combined data suggest that treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors prevents stroke in middle-aged persons. Because stroke is especially common in older age, these data reinforce the need for clinical trials to evaluate the effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in preventing stroke in the elderly.
Impurity Profiling to Match a Nerve Agent to Its Precursor Source for Chemical Forensics Applications (2011)

Chemical forensics is a developing field that aims to attribute a chemical (or mixture) of interest to its source by the analysis of the chemical itself or associated material constituents. Herein, for the first time, trace impurities detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and originating from a chemical precursor were used to match a synthesized nerve agent to its precursor source. Specifically, six batches of sarin (GB, isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) and its intermediate methylphosphonic difluoride (DF) were synthesized from two commercial stocks of 97% pure methylphosphonic dichloride (DC); the GB and DF were then matched by impurity profiling to their DC stocks from a collection of five possible stocks. Source matching was objectively demonstrated through the grouping by hierarchal cluster analysis of the GB and DF synthetic batches with their respective DC precursor stocks based solely upon the impurities previously detected in five DC stocks. This was possible because each tested DC stock had a unique impurity profile that had 57% to 88% of its impurities persisting through product synthesis, decontamination, and sample preparation. This work forms a basis for the use of impurity profiling to help find and prosecute perpetrators of chemical attacks.
1,25(OH) <sub>2</sub> ‐Vitamin D <sub>3</sub> receptors: gene regulation and genetic circuitry (1988)

Our understanding of how vitamin D mediates biological responses has entered a new era. It is now clear that the bulk of the biological responses supported by vitamin D occur as a consequence of its metabolism to its daughter metabolite 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (a steroid hormone). The fact that 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors are ubiquitous in tissue distribution opens the possibility for unforeseen biological functions of the vitamin D endocrine system. For example, 1,25(OH)2D3 serves as an immunoregulatory hormone and a differentiation hormone besides its classical role in mineral homeostasis. The avian 1,25)OH)2D3 receptor has recently been cloned and shown to be a member of the nuclear transacting receptor family that includes estrogen, progesterone, glucocorticoid, thyroxine (T3), aldosterone, and retinoic acid receptors. We have compiled an extensive number of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes that are regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3. Classification of these genes on functional grounds identifies and formulates the several genetic circuits or biochemical systems in which 1,25(OH)2D3 plays an essential regulatory role. These systems include genes that govern oncogene and lymphokine expression as well as those involved in mineral homeostasis, vitamin D metabolism, and regulation of a set of replication-linked genes (c-myc, c-myb, and histone H4), which are critical for rapid cellular proliferation. An integrated analysis of the combinations of genetic circuits regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 suggests that they may be collectively tied to a DNA replication-differentiation switch.
Flow cytometry of bacterial cells: Comparison between different flow cytometers and different DNA stains (1998)

The DNA content and light scatter from individual Escherichia coli cells were measured in two flow cytometers with different configurations. The DNA content could be measured with similar resolution either in an Argus flow cytometer equipped with a mercury lamp, or in a FACStar flow cytometer with two argon lasers as light sources. In contrast, light scatter measurements appeared to be a good measure of cell mass only in the Argus instrument. Three DNA stains were compared:, DAPI, Hoechst 33258, and mithramycin A together with ethidium bromide. All three stains yielded DNA histograms of similar quality in both flow cytometers. Optimal results required that the stain and cell concentrations were kept similar, that a fixed rate of sample introduction was used, and that a period of equilibration was allowed during running of each sample. The results demonstrate that conventional, laser-based flow cytometers may be used for high-resolution measurements of bacterial DNA content, thereby making flow cytometry available to an increased number of research groups working with prokaryotes.
Studies on Optically Active Amino Acids. XIX. Solvent Effects on Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism of N-Dithiocarbethoxy-L-a-amino Acids (1971)

Optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism curves of twenty N-dithiocarbethoxy-L-α-amino acids were measured in water, methanol, dioxane, chloroform, and benzene. Striking solvent effects on Cotton effect curves, due to n→π* transition of the >N-CSS chromophore, were found. The Cotton effect was inverted by changing solvents. These solvent effects were classified in five groups based on the chemical structure of their amino acids.Cyclohexylammonium salts of these dithiocarbamates produced different solvent effects on Cotton effect curves due to the same transition of the >N-CSS chromophore.The most reliable conditions for correlating the absolute configuration of a-amino acids to the sign of Cotton effect curves using dithiocarbamate derivatives were discussed.
Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Titanate Materials by the Hydrothermal Treatment Method (2008)

The synthesis and characterization of one-dimensional (1-D) tubular and fibrous nanostructured materials have recently received highly attention. Various morphologies of 1-D nanostructured titanate materials including nanosheets, nanotubes, nanowires, and nanoribbons have recently been successfully synthesized using the alkaline hydrothermal method. In spite of the controversy of the chemical structures and formation mechanisms, titanate nanostructures have attracted much attention on applications of dye-sensitized solar cell, hydrogen sensing, lithium storage and photocatalysis because of their unique features of high specific surface area, ion-exchange capacity and aspect ratio, and unique optical and electrochemical properties. The morphology and microstructure of titanate nanostructures are highly dependent on the preparation conditions. In this review, we highlight the synthesis of TiO(2)-derived nanomaterials under various hydrothermal conditions. The patents for fabrication of various morphologies of nanostructures are also introduced. Effects of preparation parameters including hydrothermal temperature, duration, alkaline concentration, starting materials, and post-treatment on the morphology and microstructure of titanate nanomaterials are reviewered. In addition, the microwave-assisted method for fabrication of 1-D titanate nanostructures is discussed and compared. The applications of titanate nanomaterials in photocatalysis, ion-exchange, and lithium storages are also introduced.
Crystal Structure and Substrate Specificity of PTPN12 (2016)

PTPN12 is an important tumor suppressor that plays critical roles in various physiological processes. However, the molecular basis underlying the substrate specificity of PTPN12 remains uncertain. Here, enzymological and crystallographic studies have enabled us to identify two distinct structural features that are crucial determinants of PTPN12 substrate specificity: the pY+1 site binding pocket and specific basic charged residues along its surface loops. Key structurally plastic regions and specific residues in PTPN12 enabled recognition of different HER2 phosphorylation sites and regulated specific PTPN12 functions. In addition, the structure of PTPN12 revealed a CDK2 phosphorylation site in a specific PTPN12 loop. Taken together, our results not only provide the working mechanisms of PTPN12 for desphosphorylation of its substrates but will also help in designing specific inhibitors of PTPN12.
Active EMI Filter with Switch-Mode Amplifier for High Efficiency (2022)

Power converters often require EMI filtering which usually involves bulky passive components. Active EMI filters (AEF) can reduce size but incur heavy losses in their linear amplifiers when designed to filter large ripple currents. Here we develop an active EMI filter with a switch-mode amplifier for reduced size and low loss penalty. The switching amplifier of the proposed AEF operates at 31 MHz to keep its own EMI out of the regulated EMI range. We further use fractional-order filtering in the compensation loop to achieve high loop gain and thus high current attenuation. We design the proposed AEF for a boundary conduction mode (BCM) boost converter operated at 150 kHz; we present simulation and experimental results which show 30 dB attenuation from the active circuit at the boost fundamental frequency while consuming only 1 W for 120 W output power. The proposed AEF is compared to a passive LC filter for the same application and is shown to have 8 times smaller volume than the size-optimized LC filter.
2D Convolutional Neural Networks for 3D Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Classification (2019)

Automated methods for breast cancer detection have focused on 2D mammography and have largely ignored 3D digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), which is frequently used in clinical practice. The two key challenges in developing automated methods for DBT classification are handling the variable number of slices and retaining slice-to-slice changes. We propose a novel deep 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for DBT classification that simultaneously overcomes both challenges. Our approach operates on the full volume, regardless of the number of slices, and allows the use of pre-trained 2D CNNs for feature extraction, which is important given the limited amount of annotated training data. In an extensive evaluation on a real-world clinical dataset, our approach achieves 0.854 auROC, which is 28.80% higher than approaches based on 3D CNNs. We also find that these improvements are stable across a range of model configurations.
Single-resonator fourth-ordfr micromechanical disk filters (2005)

A method for realizing a fourth-order micromechanical filter response using only a single, mass-loaded, flexural-mode disk resonator has been used to demonstrate a 20.26-MHz fourth-order Butterworth filter with a tiny 0.03% bandwidth and only 2.56 dB of insertion loss. The basic design technique uses orthogonal mode-splitting and recombining to achieve a parallel-class filter that dispenses with the need for multiple resonators and coupling links in previous filters. The single-resonator disk structure has a measured temperature coefficient of frequency TC/sub f/ of -14.2ppm//spl deg/C and a third order intercept point IIP/sub 3/ of +20.6dBm, which indicates very good device linearity.
Sharing classes between families (2009)

Class sharing is a new language mechanism for building extensible software systems. Recent work has separately explored two different kinds of extensibility: first, family inheritance, in which an entire family of related classes can be inherited, and second, adaptation, in which existing objects are extended in place with new behavior and state. Class sharing integrates these two kinds of extensibility mechanisms. With little programmer effort, objects of one family can be used as members of another, while preserving relationships among objects. Therefore, a family of classes can be adapted in place with new functionality spanning multiple classes. Object graphs can evolve from one family to another, adding or removing functionality even at run time. Several new mechanisms support this flexibility while ensuring type safety. Class sharing has been implemented as an extension to Java, and its utility for evolving and extending software is demonstrated with realistic systems.