gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracochlear Bleeding Enhances Cochlear Fibrosis and Ossification: An Animal Study (2015)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intracochlear bleeding during cochleostomy on cochlear inflammatory response and residual hearing in a guinea pig animal model. Auditory brainstem response threshold shifts were greater in blood injected ears (p<0.05). Interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide synthase 2, cytokines that are related to early stage inflammation, were significantly increased in blood injected ears compared to normal and cochleostomy only ears at 1 day after surgery; with the increased IL-1β being sustained until 3 days after the surgery (p<0.05). Hair cells were more severely damaged in blood injected ears than in cochleostomy only ears. Histopathologic examination revealed more extensive fibrosis and ossification in blood injected ears than cochleostomy only ears. These results show that intracochlear bleeding enhanced cochlear inflammation resulting in increased fibrosis and ossification in an experimental animal model.
Gesture Recognition in a Spatial Context for Commanding a Domestic Service Robot (2002)

The use of human gestures for interacting with robot systems in domestic environments is investigated. Special attention is payed to the recognition of the user&apos;s intent behind a gestural action. The main advantage of our approach is that the human&apos;s movement together with valuable information extracted form a spatial scene representation is directly considered while trying to uncover the intention behind a human&apos;s gesture. To uncover the intention of dynamic human gestures we are using 0 density hidden Markov models. As application example, instructing a domestic service robot is considered. An event driven control architecture permits easy context switching and meets the demands of an interactive robot assistant.
An evaluation of an intelligent home monitoring system (2000)

A trial was performed of an intelligent monitoring system which used sensors in the home to identify emergencies by detecting deviations from normal activity patterns. The field trial lasted three months. Twenty-two elderly people agreed to participate. Their ages ranged from early 60s to over 85, with two-thirds in the age range 75-84 years. They lived in four different localities within the UK--Ipswich, Northumberland, Merseyside and Nottingham. A total of 61 alerts was recorded, at a mean frequency about one alert per month per client. Of the 61 alerts generated, 46 were classified as false alerts and the other 15 as genuine, although no real emergencies occurred during the study. Many people in the field trial reported enhanced feelings of safety and security, which could help to stimulate independence and help them to remain living in their own homes. The monitoring system increased the care choices available to elderly people and supported and enhanced the carer's role.
Using Google AdWords in the MBA MIS Course (2009)

From February to June 2008, Google ran its first ever student competition in sponsored Web search, the 2008 Google Online Marketing Challenge (GOMC). The 2008 GOMC was based on registrations from 61 countries: 629 course sections from 468 universities participated, fielding over 4000 student teams of approximately 21,000 students. Working with a real-life client, student teams planned, executed, and assessed a three-week online marketing campaign using Google AdWords, all funded by Google. In this article, we share how the GOMC augmented a Master of Business Administration, Management Information System (MIS) course, providing each class team with a unique, experiential, electronic-commerce project. Student feedback shows that the projects stimulated student interest in technology and marketing as well as provided experience with creating effective ad campaigns and direct marketing via the Web, specifically with the Google AdWords platform. In this article, we provide a brief explanation of sponsored search, an overview of literature on pedagogical use of experiential team projects, a discussion of how the project provided tangible illustration of traditional MIS topics, and address why this type of exercise is well-suited for a class project format. Based on our experience, we will offer advice on what worked, what did not, and recommendations for the future. The article should be of interest to educators who might consider participating in future GOMCs, as well as others who might consider the inclusion of Google AdWords (or similar program) as a pedagogical tool in their curricula.
Differential antibody binding to the surface   TCR{middle dot}CD3 complex of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes is conserved in mammals and associated with differential glycosylation (2008)

We have previously shown that the surface alphabeta T cell antigen receptor (TCR).CD3 complex borne by human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes can be distinguished using mAbs. Using two unrelated sets of antibodies, we have now extended this finding to the surface alphabetaTCR.CD3 of seven additional mammalian species (six non-human primates and the mouse). We have also produced data supporting that differential glycosylation of the two main T cell subsets is involved in the observed TCR.CD3 antibody-binding differences in humans. First, we show differential lectin binding to human CD4(+) versus CD8(+) T lymphocytes, particularly with galectin 7. Second, we show that certain lectins can compete differentially with CD3 mAb binding to human primary CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Third, N-glycan disruption using swainsonine was shown to increase mAb binding to the alphabetaTCR.CD3. We conclude that the differential antibody binding to the surface alphabetaTCR.CD3 complex of primary CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes is phylogenetically conserved and associated with differential glycosylation. The differences may be exploited for therapeutic purposes, such as T cell lineage-specific immunosuppression of graft rejection. Also, the impact of glycosylation on CD3 antibody binding requires a cautious interpretation of CD3 expression levels and T cell numbers in clinical diagnosis.
Alignment of Liquid Crystals by Amphiphilic Monolayers (1978)

Abstract The action of solid surfaces coated with monomolecular films of amphiphilic compounds (especially lecithins) on adjacent liquid crystal phases resulting in an uniform homeotropic orientation has been investigated. The quality of orientation was found to be effected by molecular structure of the amphiphilics as well as the liquid crystals, the packing density of the film, and the temperature. The experimental results can be understood in terms of the following model: Lecithins form brush‐like films with the hydrophobic alkyl chains pointing off the glass surface. Under suitable conditions holes of molecular dimensions exist in the films into which nematogenic molecules can penetrate. By means of elastic interaction forces between these anchored molecules and the adjacent nematic bulk the homeotropization is induced.
Influence of Ni/Mn distributions on the structure and electrochemical properties of Ni-rich cathode materials (2018)

To reveal the influence of element distribution on the structure and electrochemical performances of Ni-rich layered cathode materials, LiNi0.68Co0.13Mn0.19O2 (NCM) with four types of Ni/Mn distributions (homogeneous, core-shell, multi-shell and concentration-gradient structures) is designed and synthesized with a combination of co-precipitation and high-temperature solid-state method. Ni/Mn distributions of the as-prepared NCM cathode materials are investigated with focused ion beam (FIB) and energy disperse X-ray spectrum (EDS) line scanning on the cross-section of single particles, which illustrate that NCM materials with the desired Ni/Mn distributions are successfully prepared. For the three spherical heterogeneous NCM materials, the center is the Ni-rich component while the surface is the Mn-rich component. Ni/Mn distributions between the center and surface components are in different forms. Studies imply that the heterogeneous samples exhibit smaller cation disordering, lower charge transfer resistance, higher Li+ diffusion coefficient and higher structural stability than the homogeneous one. Therefore, the heterogeneous samples, especially the multi-shell and concentration-gradient ones, display improved cycling and thermal stability compared to the homogeneous one. These results manifest that multi-shell and concentration-gradient structures are effective strategies to modify the layered NCM cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Limitation of the electromagnetic cloak with dispersive material (2008)

Based on causality, the limitation of the electromagnetic cloak with dispersive material is investigated in this letter. The results show that perfect invisibility cannot be achieved because of the dilemma that either the group velocity Vg diverges or a strong absorption is imposed on the cloaking material. It is an intrinsic conflict which originates from the demand of causality. However, the total cross section can really be reduced through the approach of coordinate transformation. A simulation of finite-difference time-domain method is performed to validate our analysis.
Immunomodulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by cinnamon metabolite sodium benzoate (2011)

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common human demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Sodium benzoate (NaB), a metabolite of cinnamon and a FDA-approved drug against urea cycle disorders in children, is a widely used food additive, which is long known for its microbicidal effect. However, recent studies reveal that apart from its microbicidal effects, NaB can also regulate many immune signaling pathways responsible for inflammation, glial cell activation, switching of T-helper cells, modulation of regulatory T cells, cell-to-cell contact, and migration. As a result, NaB alters the neuroimmunology of EAE and ameliorates the disease process of EAE. In this review, we have made an honest attempt to analyze these newly-discovered immunomodulatory activities of NaB and associated mechanisms that may help in considering this drug for various inflammatory human disorders including MS as primary or adjunct therapy.
The chemistry and development of branched PRF wood adhesives of low resorcinol content (1993)

Abstract Phenol–Resorcinol–Formaldehyde (PRF) resins of good adhesive performance, and of resorcinol content much lower than in traditional PRF cold‐setting adhesives, were prepared by introducing small amounts of urea as a branching unit during preparation of the resin. Resorcinol contents as low as 10.6% were obtained by this method while still maintaining an acceptable pot‐life of the resin. Resorcinol contents as low as 8%, still with a good adhesive performance, were obtained, although the pot‐life obtained was too short. GPC, FT–IR and C 13 NMR indicated that the small amount of urea branching unit used leads to the reduction of resorcinol content mostly by rapid doubling of the average linear length of the PF intermediates and of the final PF oligomers. Tridimensional branching in the liquid resin, contrary to what was previously thought, does not appear to be an important contributory factor and better adhesives are often prepared when branching is totally, or almost totally, absent. Reduction of resorcinol content is achieved simultaneously by two mechanisms: (i) the decrease of resorcinol percentage on resin solids due to the rapid lengthening (doubling) of average oligomers length and (ii) the need for these resins to operate at lower solids content, due to the increased viscosity obtained during their preparation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An Alternate Complement Pathway: C-3 Cleaving Activity, Not Due to [unk], on Endotoxic Lipopolysaccharide after Treatment with Guinea Pig Serum; Relation to Properdin (1971)

The reaction between endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the guinea pig complement system was shown to proceed by way of an intermediate complex, LPS-X, which contains at least six guinea pig serum proteins. LPS-X, like [unk] (sheep erythrocytes carrying antibody molecules and [unk] complexes), destroys the C3 molecule by cleavage. On incubation at 37 degrees C, LPS-X loses its capacity to destroy C3 at about the same rate as the decay of [unk], so that it has been assumed that LPS-X carries [unk] sites that are responsible for the destruction of C3. We have now shown that monospecific rabbit antiguinea pig C2, which effectively inhibits C3 cleavage by [unk], does not interfere with the destruction of C3 by LPS-X. Furthermore, not more than a trace of C2a(d) is released from LPS-X on incubation at 37 degrees C. These results indicate that LPS-X does not carry a significant quantity of [unk] and, hence, that its capacity to destroy C3 is due to another factor which is presumably a component of the properdin system.
Photodiode Array Measurement System for Implementing Abel Inversions on Emission from an Inductively Coupled Plasma (1980)

The acquisition of detailed spatial emission data from a spectrochemical source such as an inductively coupled plasma requires a very large number of measurements if complete information is to be obtained. A photodiode array-based measurement system has been developed for the measurement of complete spatial emission profiles of analyte lines in an inductively coupled plasma. A complete map of analyte emission throughout the plasma is acquired via the measurement of a series of horizontal emission profiles. Such horizontal emission profiles provide only lateral intensity information. These lateral intensities are converted to radial intensities by Abel inversion. The photodiode array provides an almost ideal sensor for acquisition of lateral intensity data exactly in a format for input to an Abel inversion program. The complete hardward-software system is described, and results are presented for the inductively coupled plasma.
Sulfur passivation for ohmic contact formation to InAs nanowires (2007)

We have studied the formation of ohmic contacts to InAs nanowires by chemical etching and passivation of the contact areas in an ammonium polysulfide, (NH4)(2)S-x, water solution. The nanowires were exposed to different dilution levels of the (NH4)(2)Sx solution before contact metal evaporation. A process based on a highly diluted ( NH4)S-2(x) solution was found to be self-terminating, with minimal etching of the InAs. The stability of the contacts was investigated with electrical measurements as a function of storage time in vacuum and air.
Influence of PWM switching frequency and modulation index on the iron losses and performance of slot-less permanent magnet motors (2013)

This paper investigates the influence of switching frequency and modulation index on the iron losses in thin silicon-iron (SiFe) lamination sheets of a small slot-less permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). First, measurements are conducted on one welded and one non-welded stator core for switching frequencies between 1 kHz and 20 kHz and modulation indices of 0.4, 0.7, and 0.9, keeping constant fundamental flux density peak values. The obtained measurement data is afterwards used in finite element method (FEM) simulations to investigate the switching frequency influence on the performance of the PMSM.
Epitopes on sialoglycoprotein alpha: evidence for heterogeneity in the molecule. (1989)

The binding of 15 125I-labelled mouse monoclonal antibodies to cell-surface sialoglycoprotein alpha (SGP alpha: synonym Glycophorin A) was studied using intact IgG and Fab fragments. It was estimated that the number of sialoglycoprotein alpha (SGP alpha) molecules per red cell is of the order of 1 x 10(6) and the number of sialoglycoprotein delta (SGP delta; synonym Glycophorin B) molecules per red cell is of the order of 1.7-2.5 x 10(5). Competitive binding assays showed that antibodies of the same blood group specificity (four anti-Ns reacting with SGP alpha and SGP delta (BRIC 33, BRIC 115, BRIC 120, BRIC 123) and four anti-Wrbs reacting with SGP alpha (R7, BRIC 14, BRIC 89, BRIC 93) inhibited binding of each other to red cells. Two antibodies (R1.3 reacting with SGP alpha and SGP delta and R18 reacting with SGP alpha) recognized distinct epitopes, and the remaining five antibodies (BRIC 116, BRIC 117, BRIC 119, BRIC 127, R10 reacting with SGP alpha) partially inhibited binding of each other to red cells. This latter observation and the finding that four of these antibodies (BRIC 116, BRIC 117, BRIC 119, BRIC 127) bind to a considerably smaller number of antigen sites (1.69-2.71 x 10(5) for intact IgG) than the maximum value obtained, suggests heterogeneity of glycosylation within SGP alpha molecules. The functional affinities of the IgG antibodies ranged from 1 x 10(5) to 4 x 10(7)M-1.
Flexible and efficient measurement of dynamic bytecode metrics (2006)

Code instrumentation is finding more and more practical applications, but the required program transformations are often difficult to implement, due to the lack of dedicated, high-level tools. In this paper we present a novel instrumentation framework that supports the partial evaluation of compiled Java code transformation templates, with the goal of efficiently measuring chosen dynamic bytecode and control flow metrics. This framework, as well as the instrumentation code it generates, is implemented in pure Java and hence completely platform-independent. We show the benefits of our approach in several application areas, such as platform-independent resource management and profiling of software components.
Linear-Eddy Modeling of Turbulent Transport. Part 4. Structure of Diffusion Flames (1992)

Abstract A simulation model of the axial structure of turbulent jet diffusion flames is formulated for the purpose of interpreting flame-structure measurements. The model, based on the linear-eddy approach, incorporates spatial and temporal variation of the air entrainment rate, reflecting buoyancy effects, and an implementation of turbulent mixing using a novel stochastic representation of convective stirring in conjunction with Fick's law governing molecular diffusion. Simulation results are compared to axial profiles of mixing-cup density measured in propane flames. The comparisons suggest that the measured Froude-number dependences reflect the combined effect of finite-rate mixing and the transition from forced to natural convection. Predictions for hydrogen flames are presented in order to assess the generality of inferences based on the propane results.
Application of the Dissipated Energy Concept in Fatigue Endurance Limit Testing (2005)

A fatigue endurance limit has been postulated to exist in hot-mix asphalt pavement performance. It cannot be observed and studied with the use of traditional phenomenological approaches as seen by the totally different fatigue behavior at low strain–damage levels close to the fatigue endurance limit. The ratio of dissipated energy change succeeds in defining and investigating the existence of a fatigue endurance limit with a unique relationship between plateau value (PV) and fatigue life (Nf), regardless of strain–damage levels, mixture types, loading modes, and other testing conditions. To determine a fatigue endurance limit requires an extraordinarily long time to conduct testing. This paper applied the PV to the study of a fatigue endurance limit to validate a shortened laboratory testing procedure. Statistical analysis shows that the shortened test can predict the PV with sufficient accuracy. By applying the validated relationship between PV and Nf, the extremely long fatigue life under low strain–damage condition can be predicted without performing millions of loading cycles.
Maintenance of human amnion epithelial cell phenotype in pulmonary surfactant (2014)

Surfactant exposure does not alter viability or function of hAECs. Thus a combination therapy of hAECs and surfactant may be an efficacious therapy to ameliorate or prevent preterm lung disease.
A chamfered-edge-pumped planar waveguide solid-state laser (2008)

A novel pump scheme-chamfered-edge-pumping was employed for pumping a planar waveguide laser: A 12 mm-long edge was chamfered as a 0.2 mm wide bevel, pump light from the fast-axis-collimated LD was focused and coupled into the crystal through the chamfered-edge with a pump efficiency of 82%. The single-clad YAG/Nd:YAG/YAG planar waveguide was fabricated by thermal bonding technology with the geometry of 12 mm×5 mm×1 mm, which Nd:YAG core was 0.2 mm thick and symmetry claddings were 0.4 mm thick. A maximum output power of 15.5 W at 1064 nm with a slop efficiency of 37%, an optical-optical conversion efficiency of 31% and a M 2 value of 1.6 in the guided direction was achieved for a pump power of 50 W. The laser system realized a relatively high optical-optical conversion efficiency and excellent beam quality in guided direction.
The design and implementation of the Ariel active database rule system (1996)

Describes the design and implementation of the Ariel DBMS and its tightly-coupled forward-chaining rule system. The query language of Ariel is a subset of POSTQUEL (the POSTGRES QUEry Language), extended with a new production-rule sublanguage. Ariel supports traditional relational database query and update operations efficiently, using a System R-like query processing strategy. In addition, the Ariel rule system is tightly coupled with query and update processing. Ariel rules can have conditions based on a mix of selections, joins, events and transitions. For testing rule conditions, Ariel makes use of a discrimination network composed of a special data structure for testing single-relation selection conditions efficiently, and a modified version of the TREAT algorithm, called A-TREAT, for testing join conditions. The key modification to TREAT (which could also be used in the Rete algorithm) is the use of virtual /spl alpha/-memory nodes which save storage since they contain only the predicate associated with the memory node instead of copies of data matching the predicate. In addition, the notions of tokens and /spl alpha/-memory nodes are generalized to support event and transition conditions. The rule-action executor in Ariel binds the data matching a rule's condition to the action of the rule at rule fire time, and executes the rule action using the query processor.
HIV-1 Protease with 20 Mutations Exhibits Extreme Resistance to Clinical Inhibitors through Coordinated Structural Rearrangements (2012)

The escape mutant of HIV-1 protease (PR) containing 20 mutations (PR20) undergoes efficient polyprotein processing even in the presence of clinical protease inhibitors (PIs). PR20 shows >3 orders of magnitude decreased affinity for PIs darunavir (DRV) and saquinavir (SQV) relative to PR. Crystal structures of PR20 crystallized with yttrium, substrate analogue p2-NC, DRV, and SQV reveal three distinct conformations of the flexible flaps and diminished interactions with inhibitors through the combination of multiple mutations. PR20 with yttrium at the active site exhibits widely separated flaps lacking the usual intersubunit contacts seen in other inhibitor-free dimers. Mutations of residues 35-37 in the hinge loop eliminate interactions and perturb the flap conformation. Crystals of PR20/p2-NC contain one uninhibited dimer with one very open flap and one closed flap and a second inhibitor-bound dimer in the closed form showing six fewer hydrogen bonds with the substrate analogue relative to wild-type PR. PR20 complexes with PIs exhibit expanded S2/S2' pockets and fewer PI interactions arising from coordinated effects of mutations throughout the structure, in agreement with the strikingly reduced affinity. In particular, insertion of the large aromatic side chains of L10F and L33F alters intersubunit interactions and widens the PI binding site through a network of hydrophobic contacts. The two very open conformations of PR20 as well as the expanded binding site of the inhibitor-bound closed form suggest possible approaches for modifying inhibitors to target extreme drug-resistant HIV.