gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Practical total synthesis of RS-15385 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPractical total synthesis of RS-15385John C. Rohloff, Norman H. Dyson, John O. Gardner, Thomas V. Alfredson, Mark L. Sparacino, and James Robinson IIICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7, 1935–1938Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00059a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00059a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1964Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The distribution of chymotrypsin within the feces and description of a new device for the preparation of stool samples. (1984)

We measured the distribution of chymotrypsin within feces by comparing duplicate 100-mg stool aliquots from 48 stool specimens. For practical purposes, the distribution of the enzyme in stool appears sufficiently homogeneous to assure representative results even from 100-mg stool aliquots. Given this likelihood, we have developed a new disposable device that measures 100-mg stool aliquots hygienically, prepares this material for shipping by mail, homogenizes and suspends the stool sample, and facilitates centrifugation of the fecal suspension, all within the same instrument. Performance studies with this new device revealed that stools of different consistency can be measured out precisely and conveniently by volume. The difference in the specific weight of different stools appears to be so low that for practical purposes a 100-mg mass of stool can be weighed out by volume.
Expression of PDCD5, a novel apoptosis related protein, in human osteoarthritic cartilage. (2004)

Since apoptotic chondrocyte death occurs more frequently in OA cartilage than in normal healthy cartilage and PDCD5 is an apoptosis-related protein, the different expression patterns of PDCD5 in OA cartilage from that in normal healthy cartilage indicate that PDCD5 is involved in the pathogenesis of OA.
Tetracene light-emitting transistors on flexible plastic substrates (2005)

We report on organic light-emitting (field-effect) transistors (LETs) fabricated on a flexible and transparent plastic foil (Mylar), acting both as substrate and gate dielectric. The foil is patterned on one side with bottom-contact gold source and drain electrodes, while a thin film of gold is evaporated on the opposite side of the foil to form the gate electrode. A vacuum sublimed tetracene film is employed as an active layer for charge transport and light emission. Atomic force microscopy shows that tetracene films have a good adhesion on Mylar and exhibit a granular structure. The transistor shows unipolar p-type behavior with mobilities typically of 5×10−4cm2∕Vs. Drain-source current and electroluminescence have been simultaneously measured. Provided a suitable gate bias is applied, light emission occurs at drain-source voltages (Vds) above saturation. LETs on plastic substrates could open the way to flexible devices combining the switching function of a transistor and the light emission.
How to Design Voice Based Navigation for How-To Videos (2019)

When watching how-to videos related to physical tasks, users' hands are often occupied by the task, making voice input a natural fit. To better understand the design space of voice interactions for how-to video navigation, we conducted three think-aloud studies using: 1) a traditional video interface, 2) a research probe providing a voice controlled video interface, and 3) a wizard-of-oz interface. From the studies, we distill seven navigation objectives and their underlying intents: pace control pause, content alignment pause, video control pause, reference jump, replay jump, skip jump, and peek jump. Our analysis found that users' navigation objectives and intents affect the choice of referent type and referencing approach in command utterances. Based on our findings, we recommend to 1) support conversational strategies like sequence expansions and command queues, 2) allow users to identify and refine their navigation objectives explicitly, and 3) support the seven interaction intents.
Optical scattering polarization measurements of fiber orientation of wood with rough surfaces (2001)

The difference of optical scattering intensity distributions in the directions along and across the fiber can be used to ascertain wood fiber orientation. However, it is difficult to measure the fiber orientation of wood with rough surfaces, due to the overwhelming of the difference by the scattering from the uneven surface. It has been experimentally found that under polarization detection the peak positions in optical scattering intensity distribution versus fiber orientation appear periodic, and with Fourier analysis this periodization could be used to precisely deduce fiber orientations of rough-sawn softwood and porous hardwood samples under investigation. A sensor consisting of one polarized laser and sixteen photodiode/polarization- analyzer assemblies has been proposed to measure fiber orientation.
Effect of Row Spacing and Herbicides on Burcucumber (<i>Sicyos angulatus</i>) Control in Herbicide-Resistant Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>)<sup>1</sup> (2001)

Experiments examining burcucumber management in glufosinate-resistant (GR) and imidazolinone-resistant (IMI) corn were conducted in 1997 and 1998 in southeastern Pennsylvania. GR corn was planted in 38- and 76-cm rows, and postemergence (POST) treatments of glufosinate and glufosinate plus atrazine were applied to corn at the V4 or V5 growth stage. In a second study, IMI corn was planted in 76-cm rows, and 15 preemergence (PRE) and POST herbicide programs were evaluated. Herbicide treatments included RPA-201772, CGA 152005, simazine, imazethapyr plus imazapyr, imazamox, chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron, nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron plus atrazine, CGA 152005 plus primisulfuron, and combinations with atrazine. Burcucumber germinated throughout the growing season, with greatest emergence occurring in early June, gradually decreasing to minimal emergence by mid-July. Glufosinate alone controlled burcucumber 79 to 90% 7 weeks after planting (WAP) regardless of application timing or row spacing. By 10 to 13 WAP, control was 82% or less due to lack of residual control and new burcucumber emergence. Row spacing had little effect on burcucumber emergence or control and appears to have little impact on burcucumber management in corn. In general, PRE herbicide programs were less effective than POST programs, although PRE treatments containing atrazine equaled some POST herbicides. POST-applied chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron, nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron plus atrazine, and CGA 152005 plus primisulfuron controlled burcucumber greater than 80 and 90% in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Imazethapyr plus imazapyr and imazamox applied POST controlled burcucumber 66% 10 WAP. Adding atrazine to POST herbicide programs did not increase control, with the exception of imazethapyr plus imazapyr.Nomenclature: Atrazine; chlorimuron; glufosinate; imazamox; imazapyr; imazethapyr; RPA-201772 (proposed name, isoxaflutole), [5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methyl-sulphonyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl)isoxozole]; nicosulfuron; primisulfuron; CGA 152005 (proposed name, prosulfuron), {1-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-triazin-2-yl)-3-[2-(3,3,3,-trifluoropropyl)-phenyl-sulfonyl]urea}, rimsulfuron; thifensulfuron; burcucumber, Sicyos angulatus L. #3 SIYAN; corn, Zea mays L.Additional index words: Cultural control, herbicide-resistant crops, weed emergence.Abbreviations: EPOST, early postemergence; GR, glufosinate resistant; HRC, herbicide-resistant crops; IMI, imidazolinone resistant; MPOST, midpostemergence; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; WAP, weeks after planting.
Amadori‐glycated phosphatidylethanolamine induces angiogenic differentiations in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (2003)

Glycation has been implicated in the endothelial dysfunction that contributes to both diabetes- and aging-associated vascular complications. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Amadori-glycated phosphatidylethanolamine (Amadori-PE), a lipid-linked glycation compound that is formed at an increased rate in hyperglycemic states, affected proliferation, migration and tube formation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Amadori-PE at a low concentration of less than 5 microM significantly enhanced these three factors involved in angiogenesis. Furthermore, stimulation of HUVEC with Amadori-PE resulted in secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), a pivotal enzyme in the initial step of angiogenesis. Our results demonstrated for the first time that Amadori-PE may be an important compound that promotes vascular disease as a result of its angiogenic activity on endothelial cells. We also demonstrated that MMP-2 is a primary mediator of Amadori-PE-driven angiogenesis.
A Novel Approach to Single Cell RNA-Sequence Analysis Facilitates In Silico Gene Reporting of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Cell Types (2017)

Cell type-specific investigations commonly use gene reporters or single-cell analytical techniques. However, reporter line development is arduous and generally limited to a single gene of interest, while single-cell RNA (scRNA)-sequencing (seq) frequently yields equivocal results that preclude definitive cell identification. To examine gene expression profiles of multiple retinal cell types derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we performed scRNA-seq on optic vesicle (OV)-like structures cultured under cGMP-compatible conditions. However, efforts to apply traditional scRNA-seq analytical methods based on unbiased algorithms were unrevealing. Therefore, we developed a simple, versatile, and universally applicable approach that generates gene expression data akin to those obtained from reporter lines. This method ranks single cells by expression level of a bait gene and searches the transcriptome for genes whose cell-to-cell rank order expression most closely matches that of the bait. Moreover, multiple bait genes can be combined to refine datasets. Using this approach, we provide further evidence for the authenticity of hPSC-derived retinal cell types. Stem Cells 2018;36:313-324.
Fryer marketing: Economies of continuous and batch systems compared in Hayward area (1952)

Producers of chicken fryers in the Hayward area of Alameda County have a wide range of outlets through which their fryers can reach consumers.
Identification of mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 inhibitors (2005)

A mosquito sterol carrier protein-2, AeSCP-2, has been shown to aid in the uptake of cholesterol in mosquito cells. The discovery of chemical inhibitors of AeSCP-2 is reported here. AeSCP-2 inhibitors (SCPIs) belong to several chemotypes of hydrophobic compounds. Those inhibitors competed with cholesterol for AeSCP-2, binding with relatively high binding affinities. In cultured insect cells, SCPIs reduced cholesterol uptake by as much as 30% at 1-5 microM concentrations. SCPIs were potent larvicides to the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, and to the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, with 50% lethal doses (LD50s) of 5-21 microM and 0.013-15 ng/mg diet, respectively. The results indicate that sterol carrier protein-2 has functional similarity in two different insect species.
Aerodynamic shape optimization of axial flow fan nose cones (2012)

The purpose of this work is to improve the efficiency of large scale axial flow fans through the introduction of a more uniform velocity distribution over the fan blades. This improved velocity distribution being realized through the use of an aerodynamically optimized inlet cone. The procedure for optimizing the inlet cone uses existing aerodynamic optimization methods programmed into a completely self contained FORTRAN program. The type of optimization algorithm used here is the use of design optimization to solve an inverse design problem. The different modules of the program include a surface vorticity panel method flow solver, a Bezier curve surface definition routine and a minimization method. Three different minimization methods were tested to determine the most appropriate one, this being the downhill simplex method in multidimensions. Many different sized fans and inlet cones were tested, with two different types of optimized inlet cones being discovered. Short inlet cones typically make use of a very blunt inlet cone with a slight hump or rise above the hub radius. Longer inlet cones make use of a more curved inlet cone with no hump. It was also found from this work that the relatively simple methods used can provide an adequate modeling of the problem and a reasonable solution.
Quantitative assessment of background parenchymal enhancement in breast MRI predicts response to risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy: preliminary evaluation in a cohort of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (2015)

Quantitative measures of BPE and FGT are different before and after RRSO, and their relative changes are associated with prediction of developing breast cancer, potentially indicative of women who are more susceptible to develop breast cancer after RRSO in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
Footing reduction of positive deep-UV photoresists on plasma-enhanced ARL (PE ARL) SiON substrates (1998)

Chemically-amplified positive DUV photoresists are well known to exhibit small profile deviation at the resist substrate interface, commonly called footing, when processed on substrates like silicon oxynitride (SiON), titanium nitride, and boron phosphorous silicate glass. Severe footing can cause etch problems resulting in critical dimension nonuniformity and degraded lithographic performance. The objective of this paper is to examine possible solutions to footing on SiON substrates by focusing on three main areas: photoresist formulation, photoresist processing and substrate manipulation.
Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes serious respiratory illness such as pneumonia and lung failure, was first reported in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, China. The etiological agent of COVID-19 has been confirmed as a novel coronavirus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is most likely originated from zoonotic coronaviruses, like SARS-CoV, which emerged in 2002. Within a few months of the first report, SARS-CoV-2 had spread across China and worldwide, reaching a pandemic level. As COVID-19 has triggered enormous human casualties and serious economic loss posing global threat, an understanding of the ongoing situation and the development of strategies to contain the virus's spread are urgently needed. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID-19 are available and several repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19 have shown to be clinically effective. In addition, global institutions and companies have begun to develop vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19. Here, we review the current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development for COVID-19.
Semiclassical Mechanics (1985)

Classical mechanics and the quantum conditions of Planck, Bohr, Sommerfeld, Wilson and Einstein are presented. The virtues and defects of this “old quantum theory” are pointed out. Its replacement by quantum mechanics is described, leading to the Schrödinger equation for the wave function and the corresponding energy eigenvalues. For separable systems, the reduction of this equation to ordinary differential equations and their asymptotic solution by the WKB method are described, as well as the resulting corrected quantum conditions with integer or half-integer quantum numbers. For nonseparable systems, the analogous asymptotic solution constructed by the author is described, together with the corrected quantum conditions to which it leads. Examples of the use of these conditions in the solution of eigenvalue problems are presented. It is explained that difficulties arise in using this method when the classical motion is stochastic or chaotic. Suggestions for overcoming these difficulties are mentioned.
Surface passivation of AlN/GaN MOS-HEMTs using ultra-thin Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> formed by thermal oxidation of evaporated aluminium (2010)

A simple method is reported for fabrication of AlN/GaN MOS-HEMTs. Ultra-thin Al2O3, which is formed using thermal oxidation of evaporated Al, was used for surface passivation and as a gate dielectric. Prior to formation of Al2O3, the Al protects the very sensitive AlN epilayer from exposure to processing liquid chemicals. Fabricated two-finger AlN/GaN MOS-HEMTs with 3 µm gate length and 200 µm gate width showed good gate control of drain currents up to a gate bias of 3 V and achieved a maximum drain current, IDSmax, of ∼900 mA/mm. The peak extrinsic transconductance, Gmax, of the device is ∼100 mS/mm at VDS = 8 V. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of Al2O3/AlN/GaN circular test MOS structures were observed and measured. They exhibited no hysteresis, indicating the good quality of the thermally grown Al2O3 for realising AlN/GaN MOS-HEMTs for high power and high frequency applications.
Quantenchemische Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge von PE‐, UV‐ und p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>‐Daten bei aromatischen Phosphinen und Aminen (1977)

Abstract Im Rahmen der PPP‐SCF‐CI‐Methode werden PE‐ und UV‐spektroskopische Daten von p ‐substituierten Phenylphosphinen 1 und Anilinen 2 mit Abweichungen von weniger als 2% berechnet. Mit den dabei gewonnenen Parametersätzen lassen sich für diese Verbindungen π‐Lokalisierungsenergien berechnen, die mit den Flüssigphasen‐p K a ‐Werten sehr gut korrelieren. Dagegen ist die Korrelation der aus den experimentellen PE‐Spektren ermittelten vertikalen Ionisationspotentiale der n‐Orbitale mit den p K a ‐Werten unbefriedigend.
A Localization and Tracking Approach in NLOS Environment Based on Distance and Angle Probability Model (2019)

In this paper, an optimization algorithm is presented based on a distance and angle probability model for indoor non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments. By utilizing the sampling information, a distance and angle probability model is proposed so as to identify the NLOS propagation. Based on the established model, the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method is employed to reduce the error of distance in the NLOS propagation. In order to reduce the computational complexity, a modified Monte Carlo method is applied to search the optimal position of the target. Moreover, the extended Kalman filtering (EKF) algorithm is introduced to achieve localization. The simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in the improvement of localization accuracy.
Differentiation of outer membrane proteins from Salmonellaenterica serotypes using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics (2006)

This is the first study to demonstrate that spectra of OMP extracts from Salmonella serotypes can be used for 100% correct classification of the serotypes studied.
A 580 kHz switching regulator using on-off control (1987)

The analysis and design of a 580 kHz switching regulator incorporating a series-resonant converter is described. On-off control is used in the feedback loop of the regulator to achieve regulation of the output voltage. An easy-to-use graphical method of analysis of transient currents is introduced as a tool for the analysis and design of the regulator. The 40W regulator circuit which has been built shows exceptionally good transient load regulation and high efficiency.
A Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm for proton therapy (2004)

A Monte Carlo (MC) code (VMCpro) for treatment planning in proton beam therapy of cancer is introduced. It is based on ideas of the Voxel Monte Carlo algorithm for photons and electrons and is applicable to human tissue for clinical proton energies. In the present paper the implementation of electromagnetic and nuclear interactions is described. They are modeled by a Class II condensed history algorithm with continuous energy loss, ionization, multiple scattering, range straggling, delta-electron transport, nuclear elastic proton nucleus scattering and inelastic proton nucleus reactions. VMCpro is faster than the general purpose MC codes FLUKA by a factor of 13 and GEANT4 by a factor of 35 for simulations in a phantom with inhomogeneities. For dose calculations in patients the speed improvement is larger, because VMCpro has only a weak dependency on the heterogeneity of the calculation grid. Dose distributions produced with VMCpro are in agreement with GEANT4 results. Integrated or broad beam depth dose curves show maximum deviations not larger than 1% or 0.5 mm in regions with large dose gradients for the examples presented here.
KondoCloud: Improving Information Management in Cloud Storage via Recommendations Based on File Similarity (2021)

Users face many challenges in keeping their personal file collections organized. While current file-management interfaces help users retrieve files in disorganized repositories, they do not aid in organization. Pertinent files can be difficult to find, and files that should have been deleted may remain. To help, we designed KondoCloud, a file-browser interface for personal cloud storage. KondoCloud makes machine learning-based recommendations of files users may want to retrieve, move, or delete. These recommendations leverage the intuition that similar files should be managed similarly.
Alkylation of benzohydroxamic acid (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation of benzohydroxamic acidJames Elver Johnson, John R. Springfield, Jui Shung Hwang, Larry J. Hayes, William C. Cunningham, and Donald L. McClaughertyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 2, 284–294Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00801a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00801a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views623Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts