gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Surface of Carbon Fibers Rod (2006)

The growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from surface of carbon fibers rods (CFRs) as used supports is under investigation using the Fe-catalytic chemical vapor deposition method. TEM studies indicate that under the experimental conditions Fe catalysts on CFRs produces mostly bundles of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). SEM results show the best presence of bundles of MWCNTs for Fe catalysts of 6.5 mol % at 800°C.
Optimized molecular contamination monitoring for lithography (2007)

A new approach to monitoring molecular contamination in lithography is presented. Recent technical advances have made it feasible to perform continuous real-time monitoring with significant advances in sensitivity and stability while minimizing sample tubing effects. These improvements are realized by using a small, low-cost monitor that is dedicated to monitoring a single location. A dedicated, point-of-use monitor offers the following advantages over a conventional multipoint sampling system: continuous monitoring, no missed contamination events, sample tubing lengths reduced from 20 - 30 meters to 2 - 3 meters, and 5 - 10x better sensitivity. Improvements in sensitivity and stability are realized through a dedicated monitor approach to molecular contamination monitoring. Because the monitor is continuously sampling the same environment, sample averaging can be used in a highly effective manner to reduce the detection limit. This is particularly useful in chemically filtered environments where the concentrations are usually low and stable. An automated monitoring software package can simultaneously plot individual one minute data points and a long-term running average. The one minute samples are used to immediately detect the onset of a contamination event while the long term running average is used to monitor background contamination at the lowest levels.
Body measurements, bone mass, and fractures. Does the East differ from the West? (1996)

There are population differences in hip fractures between the East and West. The hip fracture incidence in Asians is approximately 40% to 50% of that in whites in the United States. There also are differences in body measurements and bone mass between the population groups. This article discusses the role of body measurements in relation to bone mass and bone loss at different stages of life and interrelationship of these variables with fracture risks.
Incidence of inhibitor development in a group of young hemophilia A patients treated exclusively with lyophilized cryoprecipitate (1993)

The incidence of neutralizing isoantibody formation to infused factor VIII in a cohort of 67 hemophilia A patients, born between January 1, 1971 and April 30, 1990, who had been treated exclusively with lyophilized cryoprecipitate, was 6% (5.3 per 1,000 patient years of observation). The age-dependent cumulative risk was 4.6% at 4 years of age and 6.7% at 8 years of age. Recent reports in patients treated with a variety of more pure concentrates show a much higher incidence of inhibitor formation and tend to be used as a reference when new concentrates are introduced. We believe that a patient group, such as the one studied here, is a more suitable reference population because these patients have been exclusively treated with a single factor VIII preparation.
The Influence of Systemic Growth Hormone Administration on the Healing Time of Skin Graft Donor Sites in a Pig Model (1999)

A more rapid healing of skin graft donor sites has often been observed during ultimoratio therapies with growth hormone in adults who have suffered extremely severe burns. The purpose of this animal experimental study was to examine the influence of systemic growth hormone administration on the healing time of skin graft donor sites under standardized conditions in pigs. The animals were 14 (7 experimental and 7 control) male, sexually mature, German domestic pigs, in which 30 skin graft donor sites 8 cm x 4 cm and 0.6 mm deep were created. Fifteen each of the skin graft donor sites were bandaged with the same material [hydrocolloid bandage (Varihaesive E) and PVP-iodine gauze (Braunovidon Gaze)]. The test period was 15 days for each pig, whereby recombinant growth hormone (0.5 IU/kg body weight per day) was applied subcutaneously in the experimental group. The bandages were changed under brief narcosis every 2 days, during which one skin-punch biopsy was taken per skin graft donor site, and blood samples were drawn for determination of the serum IGF-1 values. Photographic documentation was also recorded. The biopsies were examined histologically (hematoxylin and eosin stain) and immunohistochemically (collagen IV and VII, and laminin), whereby histologically the start of keratinization was assessed as a healing criterion. The serum IGF-1 values in the growth hormone group were statistically significantly higher than in the control group. Immunohistochemically, a complete basal membrane was observed in both the experimental and the control group after the 7th or 8th day. A clearly elevated serum IGF-1 level correlated in the growth hormone group with the skin graft donor sites healing. It could thus be demonstrated both clinically and histologically that systemic application of growth hormone results in a statistically significantly more rapid healing of the skin graft donor sites by 2 days earlier than in the control group.
Targeting Diverse Signaling Interaction Sites Allows the Rapid Generation of Bivalent Kinase Inhibitors (2011)

The identification of potent and selective modulators of protein kinase function remains a challenge, and new strategies are needed for generating these useful ligands. Here, we describe the generation of bivalent inhibitors of three unrelated protein kinases: the CAMK family kinase Pim1, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38α, and the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These bivalent inhibitors consist of an ATP-competitive inhibitor that is covalently tethered to an engineered form of the self-labeling protein O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (SNAP-tag). In each example, SNAP-tag is fused to a peptide ligand that binds to a signaling interaction site of the kinase being targeted. These interactions increase the overall selectivity and potency of the bivalent inhibitors that were generated. The ability to exploit disparate binding sites in diverse kinases points to the generality of the method described. Finally, we demonstrate that ATP-competitive inhibitors that are conjugated to the bio-orthogonal tag O(4)-benzyl-2-chloro-6-aminopyrimidine (CLP) are cell-permeable. The selective labeling of SNAP-tag with CLP conjugates allows the rapid assembly of bivalent inhibitors in living cells.
Computer-Aided Design and Optimization of High-Efficiency LLC Series Resonant Converter (2011)

High conversion efficiency is desired in switch mode power supply converters. Computer-aided design optimization is emerging as a promising way to design power converters. In this work a systematic optimization procedure is proposed to optimize LLC series resonant converter full load efficiency. A mode solver technique is proposed to handle LLC converter steady-state solutions. The mode solver utilizes numerical nonlinear programming techniques to solve LLC-state equations and determine operation mode. Loss models are provided to calculate total component losses using the current and voltage information derived from the mode solver. The calculated efficiency serves as the objective function to optimize the converter efficiency. A prototype 300-W 400-V to 12-V LLC converter is built using the optimization results. Details of design variables, boundaries, equality/inequality constraints, and loss distributions are given. An experimental full-load efficiency of 97.07% is achieved compared to a calculated 97.4% efficiency. The proposed optimization procedure is an effective way to design high-efficiency LLC converters.
First In Vivo Use of a Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer Array–Based Imaging and Ablation Catheter (2012)

Multifunctional forward-looking ML-CMUT ICE catheters, with simultaneous intracardiac guidance, ultrasound imaging, and RFA, may offer a new means to improve interventional ablation procedures.
Development of a rechargeable optical hydrogen peroxide sensor – sensor design and biological application (2016)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important member of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) family. Among ROS, H2O2 is considered the most long-lived and can accumulate inside and outside of cells, where it is involved in both vital (signaling) and deadly (toxic) reactions depending on its concentration. Quantifying H2O2 within biological samples is challenging and often not possible. Here we present a quasi-reversible fiber-optic sensor capable of measuring H2O2 concentrations ranging from 1-100 μM within different biological samples. Based on a Prussian blue/white redox cycle and a simple sensor recharging and readout strategy, H2O2 can be measured with high spatial (∼500 μm) and temporal (∼30 s) resolution. The sensor has a broad applicability both in complex environmental and biomedical systems, as demonstrated by (i) H2O2 concentration profile measurements in natural photosynthetic biofilms under light stress reaching H2O2 concentrations as high as 15 μM, and (ii) the quantification of the transient increase of the extracellular concentration of H2O2 during stimulation of neutrophils.
Experience with viral contamination in cell culture. (1996)

Genentech has had direct experience with two contaminations of large-scale cell cultures by Minute Virus of Mice (MVM). No definitive source of either contamination has been identified, although the conclusions of the investigation were consistent with a raw material used in cell culture as the source. Effective analytical barriers were developed following the first contamination using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cell culture-based methodology for MVM, and these were employed on a routine basis. This approach was effectively used to detect and contain the second contamination, thus dramatically minimizing its impact. Close interactions with regulatory authorities were critical in the positive management of these situations.
Concepts in staging and clinical studies for treatment of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. (1991)

I N 1993, the centennial of the publication of the first case of the disorder we now call “Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis” will be celebrated. Dr Alfred Hand, Jr, then a 25year-old pediatric resident at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, thought he was describing a case of polyuria associated with tuberculosis (Fig 1) when he exhibited specimens to the Philadelphia Pathological Society.’ Twenty-eight years later, he revised his speculation when he noted the similarity of his case to patients reported by radiologist Schtiller,’ internist Christian3 and pediatrician Kay.4 Hand then wondered whether there was an infectious etiology because of the prominent gum involvement in two of the cases: “The thought occurs that the infective agent may gain entrance through these structures and may be animal (ameboid) rather than vegetable in nature.“’ With the description of these several cases evolved the notion that what came to be known as “HandSchiiller-Christian” syndrome was a distinct disease. The concept of separate diseases rather than different clinical manifestations (or “stages”) of the same disease was strengthened by the work over the next decade of pathologist Letterer6 and pediatrician Siwe.’ In his paper, Siwe referred to the emerging Hand-Schiiller-Christian syndrome only to give pathologic grounds as to why he considered them separate entities. The term “Letterer-Siwe disease” was coined by Abt in 1939 who again made a pathological distinction of this “disease” from Hand-SchtillerChristian syndrome.8 Ironically, the simplest came last. It was not until 1940 that cases of solitary bone lesions were reported.‘,” It took pediatrician and pathologist Sidney Farber to note the overlap of cases and challenge the
Desarrollo de Estrategias Competitivas para la Industria del Carbón en Norte de Santander (2015)

Este artículo propone estrategias para el mejoramiento de la competitividad del sector carbón en la región de Norte de Santander, Colombia. Para esto se revisa en la literatura conceptos de competitividad para el desarrollo empresarial y luego se aplica una encuesta y entrevista a empresarios del sector. Luego se genera un análisis de debilidades, oportunidades, fortalezas y amenazas (DOFA), que permite identificar las principales estrategias que requiere el sector carbón. Se concluye que las principales estrategias se refieren al mejoramiento de infraestructura y logística, actualización tecnológica de procesos productivos, y asociatividad entre el sector público y privado.
The mucosal immune system and HIV-1 infection. (2004)

Recent progress in HIV-1 and SIV pathogenesis has revealed that mucosal tissues, primarily the gastrointestinal tract, are major sites for early viral replication and CD4+ T-cell destruction, and may be the major viral reservoir, even in patients receiving HAART. This is likely attributable to the fact that the majority of mucosal CD4+ T-cells co-expressing chemokine receptors requited for HIV-1 entry, reside in mucosal tissues. Furthermore, the intestinal mucosal immune system is continuously bombarded by dietary antigens, resulting in continual lymphocyte activation, dissemination, and homing of these activated lymphocytes (including CCR5+CD4+ T-cells) throughout mucosal tissues. Thus, the intestinal immune system represents a very large target for HIV-infection, which is continually generating newly activated CD4+ T-cells that are the preferred target of infection. Thus, HIV-1 appears uniquely adapted to persist and thrive in the mucosal-tissue environment. The selective loss of intestinal CD4+ T-cells from immune-effector sites is also likely to explain, at least in part, the preponderance of opportunistic infections at mucosal sites. It is increasingly evident that effective therapies and vaccines must be directed towards eliminating HIV-1 in mucosal tissue reservoirs, protecting mucosal CD4+ T-cells and stimulating effective mucosal immune responses.
A new silicon-on-insulator structure using a silicon molecular beam epitaxial growth on porous silicon (1982)

A new silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure has been achieved by utilizing silicon molecular beam epitaxial (Si-MBE) growth on porous silicon, silicon island patterning, and the subsequent laterally enhanced oxidation of the porous silicon. The surface of Si-MBE film grown on porous silicon at 770 °C without high-temperature preheating has a 7×7 superlattice structure when observed by a reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Patterned Si-MBE film island, that is 7.0 μm wide and 0.35 μm thick, is successfully isolated by the laterally enhanced oxidation of porous silicon.
Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame): A Seaweed with Pharmacological Properties (2014)

The life-style-related diseases, like hypertension and obesity is a global tendency. To prevent these diseases, researchers' attention is increasingly focusing on pharmacological properties of some natural plants such as Undaria pinnatifida (wakame), the most widely eaten brown seaweed. Phytochemical studies of this seaweed exhibited the existence of many biologically active compounds, such as proteins, polysaccharide, fucoxanthin, macro and trace elements, as well as physiologically important fatty acids. Objective: This study reviews the main reports of the pharmacological properities of Undaria pinnatifida (wakame). Conclusion: The pharmacological active compounds of Undaria pinnatifida can be useful for the nutritional requirement of humans and may be beneficial in human health.
Measuring human ventilation for apnoea detection using an optical encoder (1998)

We have designed, built and tested a proof-of-concept system based on optical encoder technology for measuring adult or infant ventilation. It uses change in chest circumference to provide an indirect measure of ventilation. The Hewlett-Packard HEDS-9720 optical encoder senses displacement of its matching codestrip. It yields a resolution of 0.17 mm and is accurate to 0.008 mm over a 10 mm test distance. The encoder is mounted on a nylon web belt wrapped around the torso and responds to changes in circumference. Motion of the code strip during respiration is converted to direction of movement (inhalation or exhalation) as well as magnitude of circumference change. Use of two sensor bands, one on the chest and one on the abdomen, may allow detection of obstructive apnoea in which there is no air flow out of or into the subject despite respiratory movement. Applications of this technology include infant apnoea monitoring as well as long-term adult monitoring.
Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Hypoxia-Induced Cerebral Edema: A Molecular Approach (2010)

The present study reports the possible role of oxidative stress and inflammation (role of nuclear factor, NFkB) in hypoxia-induced transvascular leakage in brain of rats. The rats were exposed to a simulated altitude of 25,000 ft for different durations: 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48h. Brain water content, transvascular leakage, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory parameters were studied at different durations of hypoxic exposure. The results revealed that maximum increase in transvascular leakage in brain of rats was observed at 24h of hypoxic exposure (240.16 ± 1.95 relative fluorescence units (r.f.u)/g tissue) compared with control (100.58 ± 1.79 r.f.u/g tissue). There was a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (MDA), with concomitant reduction in antioxidants. Hypoxic exposure resulted in a significant increase in NFκB protein expression levels and in the DNA binding activity in the 24-h hypoxic exposure (p<0.001) compared with control. There was a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines, with concomitant upregulation of cell adhesion molecules. Simultaneously, to rule out the fact that inflammation causes cerebral edema, the rats were pretreated with curcumin (100 mg/kg body weight) 1h prior to 24-h hypoxia. Curcumin pretreatment significantly attenuated the hypoxia-induced cerebral transvascular leakage (p<0.05), with concomitant downregulation in the expression of brain NFκB levels (p<0.001). The present study therefore reveals that inflammation (NFκB) plays a significant role in hypoxia-induced cerebral edema.
Ultrasonic potential field sensor for obstacle avoidance (1999)

We introduce an ultrasonic sensor system that measures artificial potential fields (APFs) directly. The APF is derived from the traveling-times of the transmitted pulses. Advantages of the sensor are that it needs only three transducers, that its design is simple, and that it measures a quantity that can be used directly for simple navigation, such as collision avoidance.
Flotation (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlotationRobert B. BoothCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 1, 105–111Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50529a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50529a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Highly Robust, Transparent, and Breathable Epidermal Electrode (2018)

Recently emerged electronic skins with applications in on-body sensing and human-machine interfaces call for the development of high-performance skin-like electrodes. In this work, we report a highly robust, transparent, and breathable epidermal electrode composed of a scaffold-reinforced conductive nanonetwork (SRCN). Solution-dispersed Ag nanowires, through facile vacuum filtration, are embedded into a scaffold made of polyamide nanofibers. Optical transmittance of 84.9% at 550 nm wavelength is achieved at a significantly low sheet resistance of 8.2 Ω sq<sup>-1</sup>. The resistance of the SRCN only slightly increases by less than 0.1% after being bent for 3000 cycles at the maximum curvature of 300 m<sup>-1</sup> and by less than 1.5% after being dipped in saline solution for 2500 cycles. The excellent robustness is attributed to the reinforcement from the nanofiber-based scaffold as a backbone that maintains the connections among the Ag nanowires by undertaking most of the loaded stress. The SRCN not only forms tight and conformal bonding with the target surface but also allows the evaporation of perspiration, making it suitable as an epidermal electrode for long-time use. Furthermore, fine and clean-cut circuit patterns with a line width on the micrometer scale can be readily prepared, paving the way for fabricating sophisticated functional electronic skins.
Current techniques to accurately measure anti-retinal autoantibodies (2020)

Detection of serum AAbs have served as the standard diagnostic tool for autoimmune retinopathies and for management of retinal disorders. An identification of anti-retinal autoantibody or multiple autoantibodies can be useful for not only for diagnosis of autoimmune retinopathies but also for management of retinal disorders. We propose that the line-blotting technique used in conjunction with immunohistochemistry are the best and most reliable assays for detection of serum anti-retinal AAb in the context of clinical history and findings. Clinician should recognize that the majority of antigenic targets identified to date in retinal autoimmunity are ubiquitously expressed proteins (e.g. enolase), which may be difficult to reconcile with the specific patterns of retinal damage observed in CAR, MAR, or AR.
Specific binding of<i>o</i>-phenanthroline at a DNA structural lesion (1988)

DNA intercalators are found to recognize a DNA lesion as a high affinity receptor site. This lesion-specific binding is observed when one strand of a DNA double helix contains an extra, unpaired nucleotide. Our assay for binding controls for the effects of sequence with a series of oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes which are identical except for the location of the lesion, an extra cytidine. Scission of the series of oligodeoxynucleotides by the cuprous complex of ortho-phenanthroline (OP-Cu) indicates that OP-Cu binds at the lesion-specific stable intercalation site, suggesting that OP-Cu intercalates into DNA. The dispersion of OP-Cu scission sites over three residues is consistent with scission via a diffusible intermediate. The location of the scission sites, directly on the 3' side of the lesion, is consistent with minor groove binding in B DNA.
The Atomic Hydrogen Maser (1961)

Properties of the hydrogen maser and details of the apparatus will be discussed. 1beoretical expressions for noise and for the effects of various relaxation phenomena will be given, as well as expressions for effects, such as cavity pulling, which lead to frequency shifts in the maser. Experimental results on the comparison of two hydrogen masers will be presented and analyzed.