gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum circuits for isometries (2016)

We consider the decomposition of arbitrary isometries into a sequence of single-qubit and controlled-not (cnot) gates. In many experimental architectures, the cnot gate is relatively costly and hence we aim to keep the number of these as low as possible. We derive a theoretical lower bound on the number of cnot gates required to decompose an arbitrary isometry from $m$ to $n$ qubits and give three explicit gate decompositions that achieve this bound up to a factor of about 2 in the leading order. We also perform some further optimizations for certain cases where $m$ and $n$ are small. In addition, we show how to apply our result for isometries to give a decomposition scheme for an arbitrary quantum operation via Stinespring's theorem and derive a lower bound on the number of cnot gates in this case too. These results will have an impact on experimental efforts to build a quantum computer, enabling them to go further with the same resources.
Airport troughput capacity limits for demand management planning (2009)

The success of demand management approaches to curbing flight delays is predicated on an accurate and reliable a-priori determination of airport arrival and departure capacity. The assignment of declared capacity, completed more than one year in advance, must consider the inherent variability in the actual throughput capacity for each 15 minute period during the day. For airports with large variations in airport capacity, the capacity limit must be set high enough to avoid long periods of under utilization of the airport resources and low enough to avoid extended periods of excessive delays. This paper examines: (i) the variability of throughput capacity at the OEP-35 airports during the convective weather season in 2008, (ii) established the average costs of delays due to reduced capacity and the average profits per flight at each airport, (iii) given the cost of delays and lost profits, an optimum capacity is determined at each airport to minimize both the under-utilization of airport capacity and flight delays due to variability in the available throughput capacity.
Scalable test pattern generation (STPG) (2010)

Traditional test pattern generation (TPG) is a well known technique that has been used by many to generate test sequence. With increasing number of chip inputs, larger the test vector is required to ensure high fault coverage is achieved. This adds additional cost in traditional TPG generation and becomes a concern. In this paper, we introduce a new test generation method that is scalable while manages to produce high fault coverage. An attractive feature of the proposed method is it is able to sample the test signature early.
Enpp1: A Potential Facilitator of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis (2013)

Bone is the most common site of breast cancer metastasis and once established, it is frequently incurable. Critical to our ability to prevent and treat bone metastasis is the identification of the key factors mediating its establishment and understanding their biological function. To address this issue we previously carried out an in vivo selection process to isolate murine mammary tumor sublines possessing an enhanced ability to colonize the bone. A comparison of gene expression between parental cells and sublines by genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis revealed several potential mediators of bone metastasis, including the pyrophosphate-generating ectoenzyme Enpp1. By qRT-PCR and Western analysis we found that expression of Enpp1 was elevated in human breast cancer cell lines known to produce bone metastasis in animal models compared to non-metastatic and normal mammary epithelial cell lines. Further, in clinical specimens, levels of Enpp1 were significantly elevated in human primary breast tumors relative to normal mammary epithelium, with highest levels observed in breast-bone metastasis as determined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. To examine the potential role of Enpp1 in the development of bone metastasis, Enpp1 expression was stably increased in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and the ability to colonize the bone following intracardiac and direct intratibial injection of athymic nude mice was determined. By both routes of administration, increased expression of Enpp1 enhanced the ability of MDA-MB-231 cells to form tumors in the bone relative to cells expressing vector alone, as determined by digital radiography and histological analysis. Taken together, these data suggest a potential role for Enpp1 in the development of breast cancer bone metastasis.
A PFC based EV battery charger using a bridgeless SEPIC converter (2016)

Conventional PFC circuits in EV (Electric Vehicle) battery chargers have the efficiency limitation due to high conduction loss associated with a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) at the input. To mitigate this issue, a bridgeless single ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) with improved power quality is presented in this paper. The input current drawn by the charger shows a unity power factor operation in a complete switching cycle. Due to elimination of DBR, conduction losses are significantly reduced. The proposed converter works well for making the input current perfectly sinusoidal along with an improved power quality parameters which conforms to the limits prescribed by international IEC-61000–3–2 PQ standard. The overall performance of the proposed 1kW, 65Vconverter is described with the help of various operating modes, design equations and MATLAB based analysis in steady state as well as dynamic conditions for charging a 48V 100Ah battery for EV. The battery is charged at constant current/ constant voltage control mode and it provides satisfactory results for inherent power factor correction, thus, improving overall performance of the charger.
Walnuts (Juglans regia L): proximate composition, protein solubility, protein amino acid composition and proteinin vitro digestibility (2000)

Walnuts contained 16.66% protein and 66.90% lipids on a dry weight basis. Non-protein nitrogen values ranged from 6.24 to 8.45% of the total nitrogen when the trichloroacetic acid concentration was varied within the range 0.25–1.0 M. Albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin respectively accounted for 6.81, 17.57, 5.33 and 70.11% of the total walnut proteins. Walnut proteins were minimally soluble at pH 4.0. The majority of total walnut protein polypeptides had estimated molecular weights in the range 12 000–67 000. The Stokes radius of the major protein in walnuts (glutelin fraction) was 66.44 ± 1.39 Å. Lysine was the first limiting essential amino acid in total walnut proteins as well as in the globulin and glutelin fractions. Leucine and methionine plus cysteine were the second limiting essential amino acids respectively for the prolamin and albumin fractions. Hydrophobic and acidic amino acids dominated the amino acid composition in all protein fractions. Native and heat-denatured walnut glutelins were easily hydrolysed by trypsin, chymotrypsin and pepsin in vitro. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of a trap for Dermanyssus gallinaes (2014)

ワクモの習性を利用したトラップを試作し，海外で既に報告されているトラップとワクモの定着数を比較した．まず，2枚の板を重ねて，2枚の板の1辺が接合するトラップ（非平行板トラップ）と2枚の板が平行となるトラップ（平行板トラップ）を作製し，ワクモの定着率を比較した．その結果，平行板トラップと比較して非平行板トラップの定着率が高くなる傾向を示した．次に杉，桧，竹およびポリ塩化ビニールのうち非平行板トラップに最も適した材質が何かを検討した．その結果，杉や桧は他の材質よりも有意にワクモが定着した．また，既報の段ボールや厚紙を用いたトラップよりも著者らが作製した杉材の非平行板トラップに有意にワクモが定着した．以上の結果から，今回開発したトラップはワクモを効率よく捕獲でき，農場におけるモニタリングや駆除あるいはワクモの生態解明の有効な道具となりうることが示唆された．
Efficient video search using image queries (2014)

We study the challenges of image-based retrieval when the database consists of videos. This variation of visual search is important for a broad range of applications that require indexing video databases based on their visual contents. We present new solutions to reduce storage requirements, while at the same time improving video search quality. The video database is preprocessed to find different appearances of the same visual elements, and build robust descriptors. Compression algorithms are developed to reduce system's storage requirements. We introduce a dataset of CNN broadcasts and queries that include photos taken with mobile phones and images of objects. Our experiments include pairwise matching and retrieval scenarios. We demonstrate one order of magnitude storage reduction and search quality improvements of up to 12% in mean average precision, compared to a baseline system that does not make use of our techniques.
Silicon nanophotonic devices for integrated sensing (2009)

The potentials of a nanophotonic platform, including compactness, low power consumption, integrability with other functionalities, and high sensitivity make them a suitable candidate for sensing applications. Strong light-matter interaction in such a platform enables a variety of sensing mechanisms, including refractive index change, fluorescence emission, and Raman scattering. Recent advances in nanophotonic devices include the demonstration of silicon and silicon-nitride microdisk resonators with high intrinsic Q values (0.5-2×106) for strong field enhancement and the realization of compact photonic crystal spectrometers (high spectral resolution at 100-µm length scales) for on-chip spectral analysis. These two basic building blocks, when combined with integrated fluidic channels for sample delivery, provide an efficient platform to implement different sensing mechanisms and architectures.
Tiltable Ultrasonic Transducers: Concept, Beamforming Methods and Simulation (2011)

This paper investigates the concept of tiltable ultrasonic transducers, and their application in focusing and steering in a transducer array. Results of simulated imaging processes suggest that physical focusing and steering with tiltable transducers is promising in reducing grating lobe and side lobe artifacts, and preserving the beam power, especially when steering to large angles. We propose that one embodiment of the tiltable transducers can be adaptive capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) modeled as clamped plate radiators. By applying different levels of electrical field on their split electrodes, one can adjust the shape and orientation of the adaptive CMUTs adaptively and dynamically, creating a tilted effect in the beam direction. The feasibility of using adaptive CMUTs to implement tiltable transducers is studied using finite element modeling (FEM) and analytical modeling. Experimental measurements of the tilted behavior of fabricated adaptive CMUTs are also provided. Possible applications of the tiltable transducers, including spatial compounding, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), adaptive imaging, and harmonic imaging, are discussed.
Cell Response to Magnetic Glyconanoparticles: Does the Carbohydrate Matter? (2007)

Magnetic nanoparticles have been used in therapeutic and diagnostic approaches in biomedicine for many years. For these applications, it is very important to investigate the nanoparticle-cell interactions. In this study we report a simple method for the preparation of gold-iron nanoparticles protected and functionalized with biologically relevant saccharides (maltose, lactose, and glucose). The nanoparticles were subsequently tested in vitro with a human fibroblast cell line to determine biocompatibility, and the cell-particle interactions, using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopies. Different cellular responses were obtained for each type of glyconanoparticle, demonstrating that the cells can recognize the saccharides on the nanoparticles.
A New Gene Interaction in the Endosperm of Maize<sup>1</sup> (1956)

Synopsis A gene with slight morphological effects in normal dent endosperm, which increases amylose content to about 60% without increasing water‐soluble polysaccharides, is described. It is inherited as a simple recessive. The symbol ha (high amylose) is proposed, and it is shown that chromosome 5 carries the ha locus.
The architecture of the Java extension of 32-bit RISC for smart cards and other embedded systems (2003)

Embedded systems need a low-cost and high-performance microprocessor. And Java has been used widely in embedded systems like smart card. But most general processors execute Java bytecode instructions inefficiently and difficulty in software based on soft Java Virtual Machines. Our 32-bit RISC with Java extension overcomes the conflict. The Java extension of RISC, based on a 32-bit RISC and easy to switch to a java processor, can spend less cost to obtain the capability of efficient executing of native RISC instruction and Java CVM bytecode instructions, which is convenient for consumers on many occasions and has better cost performance.
Packet delay variation management for a better IEEE1588V2 performance (2009)

Designed for the distribution of time, IEEE 1588V2 also called as precision time protocol V2 (PTPV2) is often referred to as a key candidate for synchronization over packet switched networks (PSNs). Unfortunately, as the IETF's network time protocol and unlike the ITU-T's synchronous Ethernet, the performance of this protocol strongly depends on packet delay variations (PDVs) produced by the telecom network environment. Such behavior represents a strong issue, particularly considering the severe synchronization requirements of the mobile backhaul segment. This article focuses on different manners to control and to fight out PDVs. After discussing PDV-management principles, via the illustration of some existing mechanisms, we propose a new distributed ranging scheme which allows for optimizing the overall PTPV2 synchronization performance. Finally, considered as a critical mobile backhaul use case, IEEE 1588V2 over digital subscriber line (DSL) is investigated regarding PDV concerns.
Complications associated with the halo-vest (1986)

The cases of all patients treated with halo-vests for cervical trauma at the University of Virginia since 1977 were analyzed retrospectively. A standardized chart and radiographic review protocol were used to identify complications associated with the use of the orthosis. Two hundred and forty-five patients satisfied the criteria for inclusion in the study. No patient developed or suffered progression of a neurological deficit while immobilized. Complications included: pneumonia causing death (one patient); loss of reduction or progression of the spinal deformity (23 patients); spinal instability following orthotic immobilization for 3 months (24 patients); pin-track infection (13 patients); migration of anteriorly placed iliac-strut grafts (two patients); cerebrospinal fluid leakage from a halo pinhole (one patient); and miscellaneous (seven patients). The findings indicate several conclusions. The halo-vest protects patients with cervical instability from neurological injury. It does not absolutely immobilize the cervical spine nor does it prevent progressive deformity of malpositioned strut grafts. Even after a 3-month orthotic treatment period, surgery may be required on ligamentous and osseous injuries to provide spinal stability. Elderly kyphotic patients may require custom-made vests. A small subset of patients exists for whom the confining nature of the halo-vest is intolerable for 3 months.
Short cable 4D investigation — case history from the Amberjack field in the Gulf of Mexico (2006)

This study was performed to determine if a 4D monitor survey could be acquired using shorter cables than were used for the baseline survey without significantly degrading the seismic response to reservoir changes. If so, this could reduce acquisition and processing costs, improve acquisition repeatability and reduce cycle time. We chose an existing monitor survey possessing high signal to noise ratio and clear 4D response to test this idea. Study results indicate that a 4D response can clearly be seen on the short cable data; however it is more difficult to interpret because events are less continuous, and the long offset amplitude contributions have been removed. Another consideration is that intercept and gradient volumes will be of poor quality and will not be of use in examining the seismic response.
FUF: the Universal Unifier User Manual Version 2.0 (1989)

This report is the user manual for FUF version 5.0, a natural language generator program that uses the technique of unification grammars. The program is composed of two main modules: a unifier and a linearizer. The unifier takes as input a semantic description of the text to be generated and a unification grammar, and produces as output a rich syntactic description of the text. The linearizer interprets this syntactic description and produces an English sentence. This manual includes a detailed presentation of the technique of unification grammars and a reference manual for the current implementation (FUF 5.0). Version 5.0 now includes novel techniques in the unification allowing the specification of types and the expression of complete information. It also allows for procedural unification and supports sophisticated forms of control.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Asymmetric [2,3] Wittig Rearrangement of Stereocontrol over Three Contiguous Chiral Centers. (1986)

Abstract Der aus dem Octinol (I) synthetisierte Silylpropargylether (III) wird mit Butyllithium in das Si‐ ‐ lylcarbinol (IV) umgelagert.
The bacterial species dilemma and the genomic–phylogenetic species concept (2006)

The number of species of Bacteria and Archaea (ca 5000) is surprisingly small considering their early evolution, genetic diversity and residence in all ecosystems. The bacterial species definition accounts in part for the small number of named species. The primary procedures required to identify new species of Bacteria and Archaea are DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic characterization. Recently, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis have been applied to bacterial taxonomy. Although 16S phylogeny is arguably excellent for classification of Bacteria and Archaea from the Domain level down to the family or genus, it lacks resolution below that level. Newer approaches, including multilocus sequence analysis, and genome sequence and microarray analyses, promise to provide necessary information to better understand bacterial speciation. Indeed, recent data using these approaches, while meagre, support the view that speciation processes may occur at the subspecies level within ecological niches (ecovars) and owing to biogeography (geovars). A major dilemma for bacterial taxonomists is how to incorporate this new information into the present hierarchical system for classification of Bacteria and Archaea without causing undesirable confusion and contention. This author proposes the genomic-phylogenetic species concept (GPSC) for the taxonomy of prokaryotes. The aim is twofold. First, the GPSC would provide a conceptual and testable framework for bacterial taxonomy. Second, the GPSC would replace the burdensome requirement for DNA hybridization presently needed to describe new species. Furthermore, the GPSC is consistent with the present treatment at higher taxonomic levels.
Composites from renewable and sustainable resources: Challenges and innovations (2018)

Interest in constructing composite materials from biosourced, recycled materials; waste resources; and their combinations is growing. Biocomposites have attracted the attention of automakers for the design of lightweight parts. Hybrid biocomposites made of petrochemical-based and bioresourced materials have led to technological advances in manufacturing. Greener biocomposites from plant-derived fiber and crop-derived plastics with higher biobased content are continuously being developed. Biodegradable composites have shown potential for major uses in sustainable packaging. Recycled plastic materials originally destined for landfills can be redirected and repurposed for blending in composite applications, thus leading to reduced dependence on virgin petro-based materials. Studies on compatibility of recycled and waste materials with other components in composite structure for improved interface and better mechanical performance pose major scientific challenges. This research holds the promise of advancing a key global sustainability goal.
Base-Catalyzed Reaction of Nitriles with Alcohols. A Convenient Route to Imidates and Amidine Salts (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBase-Catalyzed Reaction of Nitriles with Alcohols. A Convenient Route to Imidates and Amidine SaltsFRED C. SCHAEFER and GRACE A. PETERSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 2, 412–418Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01061a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01061a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4467Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemical and biological reactivity of sulfamidopenicillins (1994)

A number of semisynthetic penicillins bearing a sulfamido side chain at the 6-position have been prepared and their chemical and biological reactivity examined. The compounds do not show antibiotic activity against Escherichia coli but do show activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The rates of hydroxide-ion catalysed hydrolysis correlate well with the inductive effect of the sulfamido group indicating no pronounced steric effect on the chemical reactivity of the β-lactam ring. Molecular modelling studies show that the sulfamido group does not have an effect on the ‘open’versus‘closed’ conformations of the thiazolidine ring different from that of the benzylamido group. Comparisons with some sulfonamidopenicillins are made.