gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Counter-Hegemonic Politics of the CPI(M) (2008)

The 1990s saw the CPI(M) elaborate a new ideological vision that emphasizes democratic norms and practices and grassroots-oriented development. In this vision it placed tremendous value on educating and training subalterns in order to meaningfully extend and deepen democracy to all spheres of society. The CPI(M) rejected the idea that "nothing could be done" until a national revolution occurred, arguing instead that it was in and through the current conditions that a socialist democracy would be forged. In practice, this meant the party had to find concrete ways in which it attempted to contest the predominant capitalist logic and construct alternative socialist logics through participatory democratic norms and practices and democratic state institutions. In this chapter I look at the ways in which the CPI(M) in Kerala utilized the space afforded by the new ideological developments to initiate a new type of transformative politics.
α,ω-Bis(trichlorostannyl)alkanes:  Unravelling the Hydrolysis Pathway to Organotin-oxo Oligomers (2001)

New α,ω-bis(trichlorostannyl)alkanes, Cl3Sn(CH2)nSnCl3 [n = 3−5, 8], have been synthesized via tin−phenyl bond cleavage reactions on α,ω-bis(triphenylstannyl)alkanes, Ph3Sn(CH2)nSnPh3 [n = 3−5, 8], using either SnCl4 or concentrated hydrochloric acid. Some key missing links, (H2O)Cl3Sn(CH2)3SnCl3(H2O) (1a) and (H2O)2Cl3Sn(CH2)3SnCl3(H2O)2 (6), in the hydrolysis pathway of organotin trichlorides were identified. Crystal structures of the nonassociated di-tin compounds (H2O)Cl3Sn(CH2)3SnCl3(H2O) (1a) and (H2O)2Cl3Sn(CH2)3SnCl3(H2O)2 (6, isolated as the 18-crown-6 cocrystal acetonitrile solvate) as well as the polymeric hydrolysis product [H2O(OH)Cl2Sn(CH2)3SnCl2(OH)H2O·2H2O]n (7·2H2O) are reported.
Efficacy of subcutaneous sumatriptan in the acute treatment of early‐morning migraine: a placebo‐controlled trial (1993)

Subcutaneous sumatriptan auto-injection is an effective and well-tolerated acute treatment of early-morning migraine attacks allowing earlier return to normal activity.
Balloon‐Embedded Sensors Withstanding Extreme Multiaxial Stretching and Global Bending Mechanical Stress: Towards Environmental and Security Monitoring (2016)

Balloon‐embedded stretchable sensors, undergoing a simultaneous equal‐multiaxial stretching along global bending motion, have been characterized and tested towards environmental and security monitoring missions. Stress‐enduring inks are printed on the curvilinear surface of conventional rubber balloons and their resilience to extreme mechanical deformations, associated with repeated inflation and deflation cycles, is investigated. Unlike early studies of mechanical deformed electrochemical devices—performed with linear stretching or bending—the present balloon‐embedded sensors undergo simultaneous multidimensional strains without any alteration of its electrochemical properties. Careful attention is given to the elastomeric, electrical, and electrochemical properties of the new expandable composite inks for addressing the extreme demands of the inflated spherical dynamic balloon substrate. The influence of the balloon inflation and corresponding multiaxial mechanical stress upon the electrochemical behavior is modeled analytically. The electrochemical detection of relevant military and homemade explosives in liquid and vapor phases is used to demonstrate the functionality and potential of the new balloon sensor system to diverse environmental and defense missions. Negligible changes in the response to explosive compounds are observed following multiple repeated inflation and deflation cycles, involving over 400% increase of the balloon area.
Aerosol Therapy in Pulmonary Critical Care (2015)

Aerosolized medications are routinely used for the treatment of critically ill patients. This paper reviews aerosol delivery devices with a focus on issues related to their performance in pulmonary critical care. Factors affecting aerosol drug delivery to mechanically ventilated adults and spontaneously breathing patients with artificial airways are reviewed. Device selection, optimum device technique, and unmet medical needs of aerosol medicine in pulmonary critical care are also discussed.
Accelerated pentose utilization by <i> <scp>C</scp> orynebacterium glutamicum </i> for accelerated production of lysine, glutamate, ornithine and putrescine (2012)

Because of their abundance in hemicellulosic wastes arabinose and xylose are an interesting source of carbon for biotechnological production processes. Previous studies have engineered several Corynebacterium glutamicum strains for the utilization of arabinose and xylose, however, with inefficient xylose utilization capabilities. To improve xylose utilization, different xylose isomerase genes were tested in C. glutamicum. The gene originating from Xanthomonas campestris was shown to have the highest effect, resulting in growth rates of 0.14 h(-1), followed by genes from Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Escherichia coli. To further increase xylose utilization different xylulokinase genes were expressed combined with X. campestris xylose isomerase gene. All combinations further increased growth rates of the recombinant strains up to 0.20 h(-1) and moreover increased biomass yields. The gene combination of X. campestris xylose isomerase and C. glutamicum xylulokinase was the fastest growing on xylose and compared with the previously described strain solely expressing E. coli xylose isomerase gene delivered a doubled growth rate. Productivity of the amino acids glutamate, lysine and ornithine, as well as the diamine putrescine was increased as well as final titres except for lysine where titres remained unchanged. Also productivity in medium containing rice straw hydrolysate as carbon source was increased.
Low plasma iron status and akathisia. (1990)

Thirty patients were examined to test the hypothesis that a depletion of iron levels is associated with symptoms of akathisia. Fifteen akathisic patients were pair-matched with 15 non-akathisic patients. Plasma ferritin levels were significantly decreased in the akathisic patients, and there was a significant inverse correlation between plasma iron levels and akathisia rating. In addition, akathisia ratings were found to be correlated with a scale measuring symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.
A Viewpoint Switching Method for Multiview Videos Using the MPEG-4 System (2007)

The 3D video is the core technology of next generation multimedia service for providing the best quality service to the users. This paper propose the structure of the ObjectDescriptor(OD) steam which can provide the multiview video service using the current 3-Dimensional Audio/Video (3DAV) of MPEG-4. This paper defines and analyzes the structure of OD, which can provide the multiview video service by applying the expanded scope to the existing OD. In addition, it is found out that just the expansion of the existing system is not enough to supply the multiview videos which consider the interrelationship between sending part and receiving part. Accordingly, this paper suggests the structure in which the new OD is added at the sending side to enable the viewpoint switching depending on the relation between viewpoints when the multiview video is transmitted. Through the proposed method, the user interaction becomes possible according to the request of users in the multiview video service.
Contribution of dual-energy computed tomography in the differentiation of illicit drugs (2020)

Cocaine and heroin can be clearly differentiated using DEI.
Effect of crosslinking agents on acrylic bone cements based on poly(methylmethacrylate) (1997)

Three different crosslinking agents were added to the monomer content of the bone cement formulation based on poly(methylmethacrylate), PMMA, in various concentrations, and their effects on the curing parameters and mechanical properties were determined. The different crosslinking agents were dimethacrylates containing a range of chain lengths and degrees of flexibility. For the parent formulation of the bone cement, PMMA powder was used, and the properties and kinetics of curing were compared for the same system with and without crosslinking agents. It was found that at low concentrations of crosslinking agents, the mechanical properties were superior but steadily decreased with increasing concentrations. Poly(ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate), EGDMA(400), even when used at very low concentrations, produced a steady improvement in the mechanical properties and could be used in cement formulations with a view to reducing creep and improving mechanical properties.
Large-Scale Automated Identification and Quality Control of Exfoliated and CVD Graphene via Image Processing Technique (2010)

Graphene, a monolayer of carbon atoms, is a high-interest material in the research community and semiconductor industry due to its extraordinary electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. Graphene layer identification is very important since its intrinsic properties change drastically between each 0.34-nm thick layer. Current methods of identification rely on restrictive small-area microscopy techniques, the most robust being micro-Raman spectroscopy. Here we present a new method for a large-area graphene layer identification characterized by low cost, high accuracy, high throughput, complete automation, and scalability. Our metrology tool is based on a fast image processing algorithm, which analyzes optical contrasts between single-layer, bi-layer, and few-layer graphene used for exfoliated, transferred, or grown graphene flakes on large wafers verified by micro-Raman spectroscopy.
Protective Role for Protease-Activated Receptor-2 against Influenza Virus Pathogenesis via an IFN-γ-Dependent Pathway (2009)

Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)), a receptor highly expressed in the respiratory tract, can influence inflammation at mucosal surfaces. Although the effects of PAR(2) in the innate immune response to bacterial infection have been documented, knowledge of its role in the context of viral infection is lacking. We thus investigated the role of PAR(2) in influenza pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, stimulation of PAR(2) on epithelial cells inhibited influenza virus type A (IAV) replication through the production of IFN-gamma. In vivo, stimulation of PAR(2) using specific agonists protected mice from IAV-induced acute lung injury and death. This effect correlated with an increased clearance of IAV in the lungs associated with increased IFN- gamma production and a decreased presence of neutrophils and RANTES release in bronchoalveolar fluids. More importantly, the protective effect of the PAR(2) agonist was totally abrogated in IFN- gamma-deficient mice. Finally, compared with wild-type mice, PAR(2)-deficient mice were more susceptible to IAV infection and displayed more severe lung inflammation. In these mice higher neutrophil counts and increased RANTES concentration but decreased IFN- gamma levels were observed in the bronchoalveolar lavages. Collectively, these results showed that PAR(2) plays a protective role during IAV infection through IFN-gamma production and decreased excessive recruitment of inflammatory cells to lung alveoli.
Glioma Grading by Using Histogram Analysis of Blood Volume Heterogeneity from MR-derived Cerebral Blood Volume Maps (2008)

Glioma grading based on histogram analysis of normalized CBV heterogeneity is an alternative to the established hot-spot method, as it offers increased diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement.
Effects of Exercise on Metabolic Risk Variables in Overweight Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2005)

Regular moderate-intensity exercise can be used to improve metabolic risk variables such as insulin and leptin in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. These results are promising for health care providers providing advice to postmenopausal women for lifestyle changes to reduce risk of insulin resistance, coronary heart disease, and diabetes.
State Estimation in Two Time Scales for Smart Distribution Systems (2014)

The monitoring of distribution systems relies on a critical set of pseudomeasurements and a varying but low number of redundant measurements. In the light of the different refreshing rates of both types of information, this paper considers a state estimation model structured in two time scales. Possibilities and limitations of the proposed model are discussed, and illustrated on a real distribution system comprising a diversity of load patterns.
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Rapid Urine Lipoarabinomannan Test for Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Adults (2014)

In HIV-positive adults with CD4 ≤100, the TB LAM urine test detected over half of culture-positive tuberculosis patients, in <30 minutes and without the need for equipment or reagents.
Social Dilemmas: The Anatomy of Cooperation (1998)

The study of social dilemmas is the study of the tension between individual and collective rationality. In a social dilemma, individually reasonable behavior leads to a situation in which everyone is worse off. The first part of this review is a discussion of categories of social dilemmas and how they are modeled. The key two-person social dilemmas (Prisoner's Dilemma, Assurance, Chicken) and multiple-person social dilemmas (public goods dilemmas and commons dilemmas) are examined. The second part is an extended treatment of possible solutions for social dilemmas. These solutions are organized into three broad categories based on whether the solutions assume egoistic actors and whether the structure of the situation can be changed: Motivational solutions assume actors are not completely egoistic and so give some weight to the outcomes of their partners. Strategic solutions assume egoistic actors, and neither of these categories of solutions involve changing the fundamental structure of the situation. Solutions that do involve changing the rules of the game are considered in the section on structural solutions. I conclude the review with a discussion of current research and directions for future work.
Evaluation of a New Standardized Ramp Protocol: The BSU/Bruce Ramp Protocol (1998)

Peak oxygen uptake values can be predicted with reasonable accuracy from the BSU/Bruce Ramp protocol. The BSU/Bruce Ramp would be an excellent choice for laboratories desiring to use a ramp treadmill protocol because of the design of the protocol with identical workloads at equivalent time periods (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 minutes) as the commonly used Bruce protocol.
Structural and functional analysis of the YAP-binding domain of human TEAD2 (2010)

The Hippo pathway controls organ size and suppresses tumorigenesis in metazoans by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The TEAD1-4 proteins (which contain a DNA-binding domain but lack an activation domain) interact with YAP (which lacks a DNA-binding domain but contains an activation domain) to form functional heterodimeric transcription factors that activate proliferative and prosurvival gene expression programs. The Hippo pathway inhibits the YAP-TEAD hybrid transcription factors by phosphorylating and promoting cytoplasmic retention of YAP. Here we report the crystal structure of the YAP-binding domain (YBD) of human TEAD2. TEAD2 YBD adopts an immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich fold with two extra helix-turn-helix inserts. NMR studies reveal that the TEAD-binding domain of YAP is natively unfolded and that TEAD binding causes localized conformational changes in YAP. In vitro binding and in vivo functional assays define an extensive conserved surface of TEAD2 YBD as the YAP-binding site. Therefore, our studies suggest that a short segment of YAP adopts an extended conformation and forms extensive contacts with a rigid surface of TEAD. Targeting a surface-exposed pocket of TEAD might be an effective strategy to disrupt the YAP-TEAD interaction and to reduce the oncogenic potential of YAP.
Detection of the action of salicylic acid on the normal stratum corneum (1980)

The undoubted clinical usefulness of salicylic acid contrasts markedly with its barely detectable action on normal skin. In this study we have attempted to extend our understanding of the action of salicylic acid by monitoring its effect on the stratum corneum using newly developed techniques for assessing desquamation, as well as using conventional methods for measuring other aspects of epidermal activity. Our findings have succeeded in demonstrating that salicylic acid enhances the shedding of corneocytes and we suggest that this compound in some way decreases corneocyte to corneocyte cohesion. We have confirmed that salicylic acid has no effect on the mitotic activity of the normal epidermis.
Two novel ensemble approaches for improving classification of neural networks (2012)

The task of pattern recognition is one of the most recurrent tasks that we encounter in
our lives. Therefore, there has been a significant interest of automating this task for many
decades. Many techniques have been developed to this end, such as neural networks. Neural
networks are excellent pattern classifiers with very robust means of learning and a relatively
high classification power. Naturally, there has been an increasing interest in further
improving neural networks’ classification for complex problems. Many methods have been
proposed.
In this thesis, we propose two novel ensemble approaches to further improving neural
networks’ classification power, namely paralleling neural networks and chaining neural
networks. The first seeks to improve a neural network’s classification by combining the
outputs of a set of neural networks together via another neural network. The second improves
a neural network’s accuracy by feeding the outputs of a neural network into another
and continually doing so in a chaining fashion until the error is reduced sufficiently. The
effectiveness of both approaches has been demonstrated through a series of experiments.
iv
A model-learner pattern for bayesian reasoning (2013)

A Bayesian model is based on a pair of probability distributions, known as the prior and sampling distributions. A wide range of fundamental machine learning tasks, including regression, classification, clustering, and many others, can all be seen as Bayesian models. We propose a new probabilistic programming abstraction, a typed Bayesian model, which is based on a pair of probabilistic expressions for the prior and sampling distributions. A sampler for a model is an algorithm to compute synthetic data from its sampling distribution, while a learner for a model is an algorithm for probabilistic inference on the model. Models, samplers, and learners form a generic programming pattern for model-based inference. They support the uniform expression of common tasks including model testing, and generic compositions such as mixture models, evidence-based model averaging, and mixtures of experts. A formal semantics supports reasoning about model equivalence and implementation correctness. By developing a series of examples and three learner implementations based on exact inference, factor graphs, and Markov chain Monte Carlo, we demonstrate the broad applicability of this new programming pattern.
Systems Thinking as an Emergent Team Property: Ongoing research into the enablers and barriers to team-level systems thinking (2008)

This paper describes ongoing research exploring systems thinking at the team level. Termed collaborative systems thinking by the authors, the concept of higher level systems thinking is envisioned as a means both to build workforce competency and to explicitly deal with system complexity at a higher level within an organization. This paper introduces the key research questions, an initial definition of collaborative systems thinking, demographic and technical motivators, and summarizes the research progress to date and plan for completion. The results of this research will inform the design of technical processes and provide empirical knowledge to support workforce development interventions aimed at developing systems thinking within engineering teams. The role of organizational culture is also considered as a factor in enabling collaborative systems thinking.
Requirements and biometric technology matching: two approaches from European projects (2005)

At the moment, many multimodal biometric schemes and initiatives are carried out. Either still experimental or towards full implementation. On the other hand, relatively little attention is given to the operational environment analysis including user and system requirements, impact caused by specific choice of biometric technologies, related security and privacy aspects of the processes, divergence between biometrics suppliers, etc. In this paper, we focus on some of these issues, investigated in two different European projects: secure phone and secure justice.
Copper-Dependent Iron Assimilation Pathway in the Model Photosynthetic Eukaryote<i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2002)

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a valuable model for studying metal metabolism in a photosynthetic background. A search of the Chlamydomonas expressed sequence tag database led to the identification of several components that form a copper-dependent iron assimilation pathway related to the high-affinity iron uptake pathway defined originally for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They include a multicopper ferroxidase (encoded by Fox1), an iron permease (encoded by Ftr1), a copper chaperone (encoded byAtx1), and a copper-transporting ATPase. A cDNA, Fer1, encoding ferritin for iron storage also was identified. Expression analysis demonstrated that Fox1 and Ftrl were coordinately induced by iron deficiency, as were Atx1 and Fer1, although to lesser extents. In addition, Fox1 abundance was regulated at the posttranscriptional level by copper availability. Each component exhibited sequence relationship with its yeast, mammalian, or plant counterparts to various degrees; Atx1 of C. reinhardtii is also functionally related with respect to copper chaperone and antioxidant activities. Fox1 is most highly related to the mammalian homologues hephaestin and ceruloplasmin; its occurrence and pattern of expression in Chlamydomonas indicate, for the first time, a role for copper in iron assimilation in a photosynthetic species. Nevertheless, growth of C. reinhardtii under copper- and iron-limiting conditions showed that, unlike the situation in yeast and mammals, where copper deficiency results in a secondary iron deficiency, copper-deficient Chlamydomonas cells do not exhibit symptoms of iron deficiency. We propose the existence of a copper-independent iron assimilation pathway in this organism.