gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave-Promoted Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTMicrowave-Promoted Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling ReactionsMats Larhed and Anders HallbergView Author Information Department of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 574, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 26, 9582–9584Publication Date (Web):December 27, 1996Publication History Received9 July 1996Published online27 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9612990https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9612990brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2822Altmetric-Citations267LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Arylation,Chemical reactions,Electromagnetic radiation,Irradiation,Substitution reactions Get e-Alerts
PROBES IN TRANSONIC FLOW (2008)

A constraint exists for intrusive probes in transonic flow which leads to a complete insensitivity to static pressure at Mach number Ma=1. Nearby Mach number unity different types of probes are affected more or less by the reduced sensitivity to static pressure or Mach number. In this paper three types of probes are compared and it is shown that the reduced sensitivity near Ma=1 causes large errors when the flow Mach number is determined by a conventional probe. A closer look onto the pressure distribution of a blunt body reveals that only the front part of a probe is subject to the constraint while base pressure is not affected. Therefore a base pressure tapping was added to a conventional Cobra type probe. The new probe was calibrated in the Probe Calibration Facility of DLR Göttingen at a wide range of Mach numbers and at two Reynolds numbers.
Nondestructive evaluation of materials using pulsed microwave interrogating signals and acoustic wave induced reflections (2002)

A class of inverse problems is formulated for the estimation of material dielectric parameters using reflections of pulsed microwave interrogating signals from moving acoustic interfaces in the dielectric. A model for acoustic pressure dependence of material constitutive parameters in Maxwell's equations is presented and analysed. Theoretical and computational findings for approximation and estimation are given.
Measurements of Frost Growth on Louvered Folded Fins of Microchannel Heat Exchangers (2011)

Microhannel heat exchangers with louvered folded fins are subjected to frequent frost and defrost cycles when used in outdoor evaporator coils of air-source heat pump systems. Despite their potential for heat transfer enhancements, understanding the root causes that penalize microchannel heat exchangers during frosting operating conditions is still an open question. This thesis presents a new experimental methodology to study frost growth on louvered folded fins of microchannel heat exchangers. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of the frost mass and frost thickness measurements and, through a series of controlled laboratory experiments, provides new data of frost growth on louvered fins. Fin surface temperature was directly measured during actual frosting operating conditions and relations with heat transfer rates, air-side pressure drops, and frosting cycle times are discussed. The experimental results suggested that the frost mass increased linearly with time and water vapor did not experience any measurable time delay before it began to frost and to accumulate on the fins. The air-side flow blockage due to frost accumulation on the front leading edge of the fins was strongly dependent on the fin surface temperature and the data confirmed that the flow blockage was the key factor for the heat transfer capacity degradation during frosting operation.
High Resolution GSO Block Detectors Using PMT-Quadrant- Sharing Design for Small Animal PET (2005)

GSO position-sensitive block detectors have been developed using the PMT-Quadrant Sharing (PQS) design for an animal PET system. Two prototype block detectors with dimensions of 1.51 mm/spl times/1.51 mm/spl times/10 mm (12/spl times/12 array) and 1.66 mm/spl times/1.66 mm/spl times/10 mm (11/spl times/11 array) were built using 19 mm round PMT and ESR mirror-film (98 % reflectance, 0.065 mm thickness, 3M Corporation) windows to control the distribution of scintillation light for the PQS design. The detector pitches are 1.59 and 1.74 mm and the crystal-packing fractions 90, 91 % (area), respectively. List-mode measurements were carried out to test the crystal decoding with Cs-137 sources and analyzed to extract the individual crystal spectra. All the crystals in both crystal-position decoding maps were clearly identified and well isolated. The light collection efficiency is lowest in the central crystals and highest in the crystals of the four corners, with a ratio of 0.76 for the 11/spl times/11 array. The overall energy resolution of the 11/spl times/11 array is 13.5 % (15.4 % at 511 keV) with a standard deviation of 1.2 %, which indicates that the energy resolution of the detector is very high and uniformly distributed. From this study, we achieved a high crystal/PMT ratio of 144:1. It is believed that these detectors would be useful for a high-resolution animal PET camera.
Investigating the Impact of Polymer Functional Groups on the Stability and Activity of Lysozyme–Polymer Conjugates (2016)

Polymers are often conjugated to proteins to improve stability; however, the impact of polymer chain length and functional groups on protein structure and function is not well understood. Here we use RAFT polymerization to grow polymers of different lengths and functionality from a short acrylamide oligomer with a RAFT end group conjugated to lysozyme. We show by X-ray crystallography that enzyme structure is minimally impacted by modification with the RAFT end group. Significant activity toward the negatively charged Micrococcus lysodeicticus cell wall was maintained when lysozyme was modified with cationic polymers. Thermal and chemical stability of the conjugates was characterized using differential scanning fluorimetry and tryptophan fluorescence. All conjugates had a lower melting temperature; however, conjugates containing ionic or substrate mimicking polymers were more resistant to denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride. Our results demonstrate that tailoring polymer functionality can improve conjugate activity and minimize enzymatic inactivation by denaturants.
Differentiation and enrichment of expandable chondrogenic cells from human embryonic stem cells <i>in vitro</i> (2009)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are considered as useful tools for pre-clinical studies in regenerative medicine. Although previous reports have shown direct chondrogenic differentiation of mouse and hESCs, low yield and cellular heterogenicity of the resulting cell population impairs the generation of sufficient numbers of differentiated cells for further testing and applications. Based on our previously established high-density micromass model system to study hESC chondrogenesis, we evaluated the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on early stages of chondrogenic differentiation and commitment by hESCs. Significant chondrogenic induction of hESCs, as determined by quantitative measurements of cartilage-related gene expression and matrix protein synthesis, was achieved in the presence of TGF-beta(1). By means of selective growth factor combination (TGF-beta(1), FGF-2 and platelet-derived growth factor-bb) and plating on extracellular matrix substratum, we report here the reproducible isolation of a highly expandable, homogenous and unipotent chondrogenic cell population, TC1, from chondrogenically committed hESCs. Like primary chondrocytes, TC1 rapidly dedifferentiates upon isolation and monolayer expansion but retains the chondrogenic differentiation potential and responds to TGF-beta(1) for cartilaginous tissue formation both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, TC1 displays a somatic cell cycle kinetics, a normal karyotype and does not produce teratoma in vivo. Thus, TC1 may provide a potential source of chondrogenic cells for drug testing, gene therapy and cell-based therapy.
Prognostic Factors and Scoring Systems for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Harboring Brain Metastases Treated with Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (2012)

Background: The survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases is reported to be 36 months even with aggressive treatment. Some patients have very short survival after aggressive treatment and reliable prognostic scoring systems for patients with cancer have a strong correlation with outcome, often supporting decision making and treatment recommendations. Methods: A total of one hundred twenty two NSCLC patients with brain metastases who received gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) were analyzed. Survival analysis was calculated in all patients for thirteen available prognostic factors and four prognostic scoring systems: score index for radiosurgery (SIR), recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), graded prognostic assessment (GPA), and basic score for brain metastases (BSBM). Results: Age, Karnofsky performance status, largest brain lesion volume, systemic chemotherapy, primary tumor control, and medication of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor were statistically independent prognostic factors for survival. A multivariate model of SIR and RPA identified significant differences between each group of scores. We found that three-tiered indices such as SIR and RPA are more useful than four-tiered scoring systems (GPA and BSBM). Conclusion: There is little value of RPA class III (most unfavorable group) for the same results of 6-month and 1-year survival rate. Thus, SIR is the most useful index to sort out patients with poorer prognosis. Further prospective trials should be performed to develop a new molecular-and gene-based prognostic index model.
Low-Power Signal Component Separator for a 64-QAM 802.11 LINC Transmitter (2008)

A LINC transmitter provides linear amplification while employing two nonlinear high-efficiency power amplifiers. This work proposes a LINC architecture where the two constant-envelope components of the signal are separated in the baseband analog domain. The signal component separator can achieve a power consumption which is significantly lower than conventional digital implementations. A signal component separator for 64-QAM 802.11a/g Wireless LANs is implemented in a 0.25- mum CMOS process, the circuit occupies less than 0.1 and consumes 45 mW from the 2.5-V supply. The measured EVM, ACPR, and alternate-ACPR of the recombined signal components are , and , respectively.
An Image Tube Design for Spectroscopy (1966)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. C. Livingston, "An Image Tube Design for Spectroscopy," Appl. Opt. 5, 1336-1336 (1966) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Machine learning paradigm for structural health monitoring (2020)

Structural health diagnosis and prognosis is the goal of structural health monitoring. Vibration-based structural health monitoring methodology has been extensively investigated. However, the conventional vibration–based methods find it difficult to detect damages of actual structures because of a high incompleteness in the monitoring information (the number of sensors is much fewer with respect to the number of degrees of freedom of a structure), intense uncertainties in the structural conditions and monitoring systems, and coupled effects of damage and environmental actions on modal parameters. It is a truth that the performance and conditions of a structure must be embedded in the monitoring data (vehicles, wind, etc.; acceleration, displacement, cable force, strain, images, videos, etc.). Therefore, there is a need to develop completely novel structural health diagnosis and prognosis methodology based on the various monitoring data. Machine learning provides the advanced mathematical frameworks and algorithms that can help discover and model the performance and conditions of a structure through deep mining of monitoring data. Thus, machine learning takes an opportunity to establish novel machine learning paradigm for structural health diagnosis and prognosis theory termed the machine learning paradigm for structural health monitoring. This article sheds light on principles for machine learning paradigm for structural health monitoring with some examples and reviews the existing challenges and open questions in this field.
NEW ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES ASSOCIATED WITH INTENTIONAL HEART FOCUS (1993)

This work utilizes the measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) as a vehicle to show that continued practice of certain specific techniques involving an intentional shift of focus to the area of the heart, and invoking specific feeling states such as love and appreciation, automatically manifests in increased autonomic nervous system balance. In particular, (1) enhanced balance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system, (2) a shift of the high frequency and low frequency portions of the HRV power spectra to around 0.1 Hz range, (3) entrainment and frequency locking of multiple body oscillators (HRV, pulse transit time and respiration), (4) a shift in frequency of all the body's entrained systems, around O.IHz frequency, associated with a change in focus of the subject to a different heart feeling state, and (5) the intentional generation of a newly defined internal coherence state (near zero HRV), have all been achieved. These are electrophysiological correlates of certain mental and emotional states occupied by the individual. Three individual subjects plus a group study of twenty subjects are reported on and discussed. From these results, one sees that individuals can intentionally affect their autonomic nervous system balance, and thus, their HRV.
The ALEX Object Manager (2002)

Object-oriented database systems aim at meeting the data modelling, performance, cooperative design and version management requirements of current advanced applications, such as CAD (computer-aided design), CAM (computer-aided manufacturing), CASE (computer-aided software engineering), CIM (computer integrated manufacturing), hypermedia and expert systems. This paper presents the ALEX Object Manager, which is a part of the ALEX object-oriented database management system that is being developed based on the ODMG-93 standard. The system decomposition and process layout are presented, some implementation problems are discussed and the current status of the system is reported.
Decoupling catalytic activity from biological function of the ATPase that powers lipopolysaccharide transport (2014)

The cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria contains lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which provide a barrier against the entry of many antibiotics. LPS assembly involves a multiprotein LPS transport (Lpt) complex that spans from the cytoplasm to the outer membrane. In this complex, an unusual ATP-binding cassette transporter is thought to power the extraction of LPS from the outer leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane and its transport across the cell envelope. We introduce changes into the nucleotide-binding domain, LptB, that inactivate transporter function in vivo. We characterize these residues using biochemical experiments combined with high-resolution crystal structures of LptB pre- and post-ATP hydrolysis and suggest a role for an active site residue in phosphate exit. We also identify a conserved residue that is not required for ATPase activity but is essential for interaction with the transmembrane components. Our studies establish the essentiality of ATP hydrolysis by LptB to power LPS transport in cells and suggest strategies to inhibit transporter function away from the LptB active site.
Effects of an acute alpha-lactalbumin manipulation on mood and food hedonics in high- and low-trait anxiety individuals. (2010)

Serotonergic hypofunction is associated with a depressive mood state, an increased drive to eat and preference for sweet (SW) foods. High-trait anxiety individuals are characterised by a functional shortage of serotonin during stress, which in turn increases their susceptibility to experience a negative mood and an increased drive for SW foods. The present study examined whether an acute dietary manipulation, intended to increase circulating serotonin levels, alleviated the detrimental effects of a stress-inducing task on subjective appetite and mood sensations, and preference for SW foods in high-trait anxiety individuals. Thirteen high- (eleven females and two males; anxiety scores 45.5 (sd 5.9); BMI 22.9 (sd 3.0)kg/m(2)) and twelve low- (ten females and two males; anxiety scores 30.4 (sd 4.8); BMI 23.4 (sd 2.5) kg/m(2)) trait anxiety individuals participated in a placebo-controlled, two-way crossover design. Participants were provided with 40 g alpha-lactalbumin (LAC; l-tryptophan (Trp):large neutral amino acids (LNAA) ratio of 7.6) and 40 g casein (placebo) (Trp:LNAA ratio of 4.0) in the form of a snack and lunch on two test days. On both the test days, participants completed a stress-inducing task 2 h after the lunch. Mood and appetite were assessed using visual analogue scales. Changes in food hedonics for different taste and nutrient combinations were assessed using a computer task. The results demonstrated that the LAC manipulation did not exert any immediate effects on mood or appetite. However, LAC did have an effect on food hedonics in individuals with high-trait anxiety after acute stress. These individuals expressed a lower liking (P = 0.012) and SW food preference (P = 0.014) after the stressful task when supplemented with LAC.
Accurate platoon control of urban vehicles, based solely on monocular vision (2010)

Automated electric vehicles for public use constitute a promising very efficient and environment-friendly “urban transportation system”. An additional functionality that could enhance this transportation service is vehicle platooning. In order to avoid inter-distance oscillations within the platoon, a global control strategy, supported by inter-vehicle communications, is investigated. Vehicle localization in an absolute frame is needed and is derived here from monocular vision. The vision data is however expressed in a virtual world, slightly distorted with respect to the actual metric one. It is shown that such a distortion can accurately be corrected by designing a nonlinear observer that relies on odometric data. A global decentralized control strategy, relying on nonlinear control techniques, can then be designed to achieve accurate vehicle platooning. Simulations and full-scale experiments demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Simultaneous Colorimetric Determination of Copper, Cobalt, and Nickel as Diethyldithiocarbamates (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous Colorimetric Determination of Copper, Cobalt, and Nickel as DiethyldithiocarbamatesJ. M. ChiltonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1953, 25, 8, 1274–1275Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60080a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60080a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Qualitative Verification of CE-2's Microwave Measurement: Relative Calibration Based on Brightness Temperature Model and Data Fusion (2015)

The calibration quality of the Chang'E-2 (CE-2) microwave radiometer (MRM) and the accuracy of brightness temperature (TB) data should be adequately addressed. The quality of CE-2 MRM data can be demonstrated by the analysis and simulation of TB data with the microwave transfer model and by the relative comparison between the TB and other data sets. To calibrate the TB data in a relative way, we calculated the variation of TB with respect to the latitude over certain typical regions theoretically. Three types of areas in the Moon, including the old crater, the fresh crater, and the Apollo region, are chosen as examples. A detailed method incorporating the topographic effect is employed to compute the TB. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's Diviner infrared measurement is used to ensure the accuracy of the simulated physical temperature. The consistency of the TB undulation between simulations and observations along the profile of these regions verifies the reasonability of CE-2's TB data partly. Our simulation also confirms the topographic effect of sloping walls at the crater rims on the solar heat flux received per unit surface area and reproduces the TB undulation observed by CE-2. Rock abundance and topography data are used for qualitative comparison with the CE-2 TB data. General similarity between the diurnal TB difference and the altitude profile over most craters and the similarity between the diurnal TB difference and the rock abundance profile over fresh craters can prove the relative qualification of CE-2 MRM data to a certain degree.