gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Antithrombotic Activity of Lumbrokinase‐Immobilized Polyurethane Valves in the Total Artificial Heart (1999)

Thirty ng/mm2 lumbrokinase, a potent fibrinolytic enzyme, was immobilized in a Korean type total artificial heart (KORTAH) valve by photoreaction; polyallylamine was used as a photoreactive linker. Lumbrokinase-immobilized polyurethane valves were then fitted to the total artificial hearts of 3 healthy 50 kg lambs. In the control lamb, the valves were untreated; in one other, only valves on the right were treated; and in the remaining animal, only those on the left. Implants were in place for up to 3 days, and cardiac output was 5 L/min. To facilitate thrombus formation, low doses of heparin were administered. In the control lamb, thrombi was observed only in the inlet parts of the valves. In the other 2 experiments, thrombi formed in untreated control valves but not in lumbrokinase treated valves. The grade of thrombus formation in untreated valves was 1.06+/-1.37 versus 0+/-0 in the treated part by one-sided Student's t-test (p < 0.1). After implantation, fibrinolytic activity was only observed in treated valves by fibrin plate methods. The proteolytic activity of the treated valves was 3 times higher than that of untreated valves using the azocasein method. These data show that lumbrokinase treated polyurethane valves lead to decreased thrombus formation in vivo and that their biocompatibility is therefore greater than that of untreated valves.
The Deformation and Adhesion of Randomly Rough and Patterned Surfaces (2006)

Using a surface forces apparatus (SFA) and an atomic force microscope (AFM) we have studied the effects of surface roughness (root-mean-square (RMS) roughness between 0.3 and 220 nm) on the "contact mechanics", which describes the deformations and loading and unloading adhesion forces, of various polymeric surfaces. For randomly rough, moderately stiff, elastomeric surfaces, the force-distance curves on approach and separation are nearly reversible and almost perfectly exponentially repulsive, with an adhesion on separation that decreases only slightly with increasing RMS. Additionally, the magnitude of the preload force is seen to play a large role in determining the measured adhesion. The exponential repulsion likely arises from the local compressions (fine-grained nano- or submicron-scale deformations) of the surface asperities. The resulting characteristic decay lengths of the repulsion scale with the RMS roughness and correlate very well with a simple finite element method (FEM) analysis based on actual AFM topographical images of the surfaces. For "patterned" surfaces, with a nonrandom terraced structure, no similar exponential repulsion is observed, suggesting that asperity height variability or random roughness is required for the exponential behavior. However, the adhesion force or energy between two "patterned" surfaces fell off dramatically and roughly exponentially as the RMS increased, likely owing to a significant decrease in the contact area which in turn determines their adhesion. For both types of rough surfaces, random and patterned, the coarse-grained (global, meso- or macroscopic) deformations of the initially curved surfaces appear to be Hertzian.
People Counting in Dense Crowd Images Using Sparse Head Detections (2018)

People counting in extremely dense crowds is a challenging problem due to severe occlusions, few pixels per head, cluttered environments, and skewed camera perspectives. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for people counting in highly dense crowd images. Our approach relies on the fact that the head is the most visible part of an individual in a dense crowd. As such, a head detector can be used to estimate the spatially varying head size, which is the key feature used in our head counting procedure. We leverage the state-of-the art convolutional neural network for the sparse head detection in a dense crowd. After sub-dividing the image into rectangular patches, we first use an speeded-up robust features-based support vector machine binary classifier to label each patch as crowd/not-crowd and eliminate all not-crowd patches. Regression is then performed on each crowd patch to estimate average head size. The number of individuals in each patch is estimated by dividing the patch area with the estimated head size. For the crowd patches where no heads are detected, the counts are estimated based on distance-based weighted averaging over the counts from neighboring patches. Finally, the individual patch counts are summed up to obtain the total count. We evaluate our approach on three publicly available datasets for extremely dense crowds: UCF_CC_50, ShanghaiTech, and AHU-Crowd. Our approach gives comparable results on these challenging datasets to other state of the art algorithms but, unlike other algorithms, our proposed method does not require the laborious task of obtaining labeled training data of dense crowd images.
Effect of additives on the regeneration of a dilute absorbent (1995)

Combined heat and mass transfer processes that occur when a liquid desiccant is regenerated in an opencycle system have been investigated. The experimental setup consists of a channel where an absorbent solution flows over a heated plate and a stream of air flows over the liquid film in a counterflow arrangement. Additives were introduced to a liquid desiccant, a lithium chloride solution, and their effects on the transfer rates were studied using a two-wavelength fiber-optic holographic interferometer to determine the local heat and mass transfer coefficients from the air-liquid interface. The additives selected in this study were a surfactant, anionic sodium lauryl sulfate, and a polymer, anionic poly aery lamide. Nomenclature at = mass fraction of the /th component b = fringe thickness CA — concentration of water vapor C*A — dimensionless concentration of water vapor DAR — binary mass diffusion coefficient, m2/s D,, = hydraulic diameter, m hmx = local convection mass transfer coefficient, m/s /zv = local convection heat transfer coefficient, W/m2-K
High-affinity folate binding in human mammary gland (1993)

High-affinity 3H-folate binding in Triton X-100 solubilized human mammary gland tissue displayed characteristics, e.g. apparent positive cooperativity and increasing affinity with decreasing concentration of folate binding protein, shown to be typical of specific folate binding. Radioligand dissociation was slow at pH 7.4. A major fraction of the bound radioligand dissociated rapidly at pH 3.5, while a residual binding of 20% persisted even after prolonged dialysis at pH 3.5. Gel chromatography revealed two major folate binding proteins (M(r) approximately 100 kDa and 25 kDa). However, only one single band was detectable on SDS-PAGE immunoblotting. The highest folate binding activity per g protein was associated with the upper triglyceride-containing layer of the 1000 g supernatant of the homogenate. The folate binding protein extracted from this layer had a low cross-reactivity (< 5%) with rabbit antibodies against 25 kDa human milk folate binding protein. The folate binding protein in the 1000 g pellet and the aqueous phase of the 1000 g supernatant was present at a low concentration and had a cross-reactivity of 100%.
Bioinformatics Resources and Tools for Conformational B-Cell Epitope Prediction (2013)

Identification of epitopes which invoke strong humoral responses is an essential issue in the field of immunology. Localizing epitopes by experimental methods is expensive in terms of time, cost, and effort; therefore, computational methods feature for its low cost and high speed was employed to predict B-cell epitopes. In this paper, we review the recent advance of bioinformatics resources and tools in conformational B-cell epitope prediction, including databases, algorithms, web servers, and their applications in solving problems in related areas. To stimulate the development of better tools, some promising directions are also extensively discussed.
REVIEWS (1977)

REVIEWS Get access Horace Bushnell's Theory of Language. By DONALD A. CROSBY. Pp. 300. The Hague: Mouton, 1975. Gld. 70. ROBERT MORGAN ROBERT MORGAN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume XXVIII, Issue 1, April 1977, Pages 254-b–255, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/XXVIII.1.254-b Published: 01 April 1977
Review of 3D Food Printing (2015)

The article will discuss how the sci-fi vision of the Star Treck series, in which a food replicatior aboard a Federation spaceship materialises elements such as tomato soup, tea or coffee (as well as alien foods) out of thin air, as by magic, may become a real machine in the not too distant future. On the one hand, the 3D printing industrial revolution, which is currently changing how new products are designed, developed, produced, marketed and consumed, has also reached the world of cooking.
Information sensing for radar target classification using compressive sensing (2012)

Target detection and classification are two major uses of a Radar system. The usual way a Radar (or any sensor-system) operates is by sensing data from the environment and then processing the data to extract useful information from it. The current work investigates the use of compressive sensing (CS) to directly sense application-specific information from the scene. This is achieved by a modified version of CS which we term as transform domain CS (TD-CS). We show the use of TD-CS in extracting classification specific information from a single dispersive scatterer based scene. It was shown that TD-CS preserves classifiability of the scenes as measured by simple Euclidean distance as well as by the Bhattachharya distance. Hence, the proposed scheme not only reduces the sampling rate required, it also directly gives the features important to classify a target.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Substitutional Solutions ZnxMg1‐xB4O7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of electron property measurements in an inductively coupled plasma made by Langmuir probe and laser Thomson scattering techniques (1999)

Langmuir probes and Thomson scattering are two independent methods of measuring electron properties in glow discharges. In this article, measurements of electron properties of an inductively coupled plasma were made using both methods, and the results obtained with the probe were compared with those obtained using the more reliable laser method. The values of electron temperature and density obtained by both methods were similar over a range of plasma conditions but significant differences in the electron energy distribution function were observed. In addition, clear evidence was obtained that the presence of the probe perturbed the discharge. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed with respect to the suitability of each technique for measuring electron properties in inductively coupled glow discharges.
A personal computer graphical environment for industrial distribution system education, design, and analysis (2000)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the computer applications and analyses in industrial distribution design. First of all, we have to inquire into the design of graphic symbols and the drawing of a single-line diagram by taking advantage of AutoCAD software. Next, by employing DBASE III, the database for distribution apparatus is accomplished to integrate with the graphic information so that the distribution graphic information database is obtained. Then, we focus our attention on the applications of practical operation for a factory. Written in C language, the application programs include load flow calculation, voltage drop equation, grounding resistor selection, power factor improvement, wire selection, protective coordination display, and fault current computation. Finally, the linking of man-machine-interface and application programs can be accomplished through the modification of ACAD.MNU and ACAD.PGP of AutoCAD. Accordingly, an educational teaching software is developed to carry out a key-controlled industrial distribution system analysis.
Rapamycin reduces CCR5 mRNA levels in macaques: potential applications in HIV-1 prevention and treatment (2007)

G1 cytostatic drugs reduce CCR5 co-receptor expression and enhance the antiviral activity of a CCR5 antagonist in vitro. The administration of rapamycin, a G1 cytostatic agent, to three cynomolgous macaques led to decreased CCR5 messenger RNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cervicovaginal tissue. These results support further clinical evaluation of G1 cytostatic agents such as rapamycin targeting the downregulation of CCR5 expression as a strategy for both the prevention and treatment of HIV infection.
High Performance Sub-40 nm Bulk CMOS with Dopant Confinement Layer (DCL) technique as a Strain Booster (2007)

A new powerful strain booster named as dopant confinement layer (DCL) technique is proposed for the first time. DCL technique is a novel stress memorization technique (SMT). Our proposed method doesn't require any additional capping layers used in SMT. DCL fabricated directly on the gate dielectric film effectively improved drive currents without degrading short channel immunity because DCL technique dose not affect halo, extension and source/drain (S/D) profiles. The higher dopant concentration in DCL resulted in both the better electron mobility and the thinner equivalent oxide thickness of inversion layer capacitance (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> ). Consequently, the higher drive currents of 1204 muA/mum and 786 muA/mum were obtained at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> =1.0 V for nMOSFET and pMOSFET, respectively.
Advanced fibre Bragg grating devices for WDM applications (2000)

Fibre Bragg grating design and writing technologies offer unique flexibility and can provide a wide range of high performance all-fibre passive and active devices that can dramatically increase the performance of current and future telecommunication systems.
The — 16 region, a vital sequence for the utilization of a promoter in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1995)

The promoter (amyP) of the Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase gene, which is recognized by E sigma A, has a three out of six match to the consensus promoter in both the -35 and -10 hexamers. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to identify important bases for promoter utilization in the spacer sequence between the hexamers. Mutations in the sequence TGTG extending from positions -18 to -15 (the -16 region) caused a 5-94-fold decrease in alpha-amylase production. A G-C transversion at position -15 was the most detrimental mutation: it essentially eliminated amyP utilization in B. subtilis and in Escherichia coli. Mutating the -35 and -10 hexamers to the E sigma A consensus promoter increased alpha-amylase production 56-fold in B. subtilis and fivefold in E. coli. Introducing the -15 G to C transversion into the consensus promoter reduced alpha-amylase production threefold, in contrast to the 94-fold reduction for the wild-type promoter in B. subtilis. The -15 G to C transversion did not reduce alpha-amylase synthesis directed by the consensus promoter in E. coli. The alpha-amylase gene is subject to two forms of transcriptional regulation: catabolite repression and temporal regulation. None of the mutants constructed in this study had any effect on either type of regulation. The -16 region, especially the G at position -15, appears to be moderately conserved in B. subtilis and in other Gram-positive organisms and weakly conserved in E. coli. The evidence suggests that the -16 region is an additional region of E sigma A promoters in B. subtilis and E sigma 70 promoters in E. coli, essential in some weak promoters such as the alpha-amylase promoter but, of little benefit to very strong promoters.
Compact Modeling and Comparative Analysis of Silicon-Chip Slow-Wave Transmission Lines With Slotted Bottom Metal Ground Planes (2009)

A compact modeling approach for silicon-chip slow-wave transmission lines with slotted bottom metal ground planes is studied and its limitations are presented. The modeling approach facilitates the calculation of the slow-wave transmission line parameters based upon the corresponding coplanar and grounded coplanar transmission-line parameters. The described analysis method is used for a comparative study of the slow-wave structures versus their coplanar and grounded coplanar reference structures. Floating bottom shield slow-wave transmission lines are then compared with their grounded bottom shield counterparts. The theoretical results are supported by electromagnetic simulations and by measurements up to 30 and 50 GHz.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(aryl ether)s containing the pyrimidine moiety (1998)

A series of new poly(aryl ether)s containing the pyrimidine moiety were prepared by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution polymerization reaction in an aprotic solvent (DMAc) in the presence of excess potassium carbonate. These polymers are high molecular weight, amorphous, and soluble in common solvents at room temperature. The polymers are easily cast from solution into flexible, colorless, and transparent films. They showed high glass transition temperatures ranging from 198 to 304°C by DSC analysis. The 5% weight losses by thermogravimetric analysis ranged from 478 to 580°C, indicating that these polymers are very thermostable in nitrogen and air. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1107–1110, 1998
On a Class of Transformations which have Unique Absolutely Continuous Invariant Measures (1979)

A class of piecewise C2 transformations from an interval into itself with slopes greater than 1 in absolute value, and having the property that it takes partition points into partition points is shown to have unique absolutely continuous invariant measures.For this class of functions, a centra] limit theorem holds for all real measurable functions.For the subclass of piecewise linear transformations having a fixed point, it is shown that the unique absolutely continuous invariant measures are piecewise constant.1. Introduction.In [1], Lasota and Yorke established the existence of absolutely continuous invariant measures for the class of piecewise C2 point transformations (see Definition 1 below) t from an interval into itself and satisfying inix\dT/dx\ > 1, wherever the slope exists.In [2], it was shown that if a function in this class has n discontinuities, then there are at most n independent, absolutely continuous invariant measures under t.The purpose of this paper is to show that a certain subclass C of the aforementioned class of functions possesses unique absolutely continuous invariant measures.Functions in (2 are characterized by a cornmunication property on the intervals that form the partition of the function.Using the method of symbolic dynamics [3], this property establishes the existence of a dense orbit, from which uniqueness follows.In [9], it is shown that a central theorem holds for the C2 transformations of [1] for a class of real Holder functions.In 5, we obtain a central limit theorem for transformations in 6 in a simpler way, and the theorem holds for all real measurable functions.In 6, it is shown that if t G 6 is piecewise linear and has a fixed point, then the unique absolutely continuous measure invariant under r is piecewise constant.2. Uniqueness theorem.Denote by (,, || ||) the space of all integrable functions on the interval J = [a, b].Let m denote the Lebesgue measure on /.Let t: J -* J be a measurable nonsingular transformation.By "nonsingular"
High-precision direct measurements of ^13CH_4/^12CH_4 and ^12CH_3D/^12CH_4 ratios in atmospheric methane sources by means of a long-path tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (1994)

Measurements of (13)CH(4)/(12)CH(4) and (12)CH(3)D/(12)CH(4) ratios in atmospheric methane (CH(4)) sources provide important information about the global CH(4) budget as well as about CH(4) production and consumption processes occurring within the various sources. As an alternative to the conventional mass spectrometer (MS) technique, which requires conversion of CH(4) to CO(2) and H(2), we have developed a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS), which permits rapid direct measurements of the (13)CH(4)/(12)CH(4) and (12)CH(3)D/(12)CH(4) ratios. An intercomparison between TDLAS and MS techniques for samples from natural wetlands, landfills, and natural gas sources resulted in a mean deviation of Δδ(13)C = 0.44‰ and ΔδD = 5.1‰. In the present system the minimum mixing ratios required are 50 parts in 10(6) by volume (ppmv) CH(4) (sample size 2 µmol CH(4)) for direct δ(13)C measurements and 2000 ppmv (sample size 80 µmol CH(4)) for direct δD measurements. These mixing-ratio limits are adequate for most CH(4) source characterization studies without requiring sample preconcentration.
Impact of Milk Preacidification with CO2 on Cheddar Cheese Composition and Yield (2004)

Preacidification of milk for cheese making may have a beneficial impact on increasing proteolysis during cheese aging. Unlike other acids, CO(2) can easily be removed from whey. The objectives of this work were to determine the effect of milk preacidification on Cheddar cheese composition, the recovery of individual milk components, and yield. Carbon dioxide was injected inline after the cooling section of the pasteurizer. Cheeses with and without added CO(2) were made simultaneously from the same batch of milk. This procedure was replicated 3 times. Carbon dioxide in the cheese milk was about 1600 ppm, which resulted in a milk pH of about 5.9 at 31 degrees C. The starter culture and coagulant addition rates were the same for both the CO(2) treatment and the control. The whey pH at draining of the CO(2) treatment was lower than the control. Total make time was shorter for the CO(2) treatment compared with the control. Cheese manufactured from milk acidified with CO(2) retained less of the total calcium and fat than the control cheese. The higher fat loss was primarily in the whey at draining. Preacidification with CO(2) did not alter the crude protein recovery in the cheese. The CO(2) treatment resulted in a higher added salt recovery in the cheese and produced a cheese that contained too much salt. Considering the higher added salt retention, the salt application rate could be lowered to achieve a typical cheese salt content. Cheese yield efficiency of the CO(2) treated milk was 4.4% lower than the control due to fat loss. Future work will focus on modifying the make procedure to achieve a normal fat loss into the whey when CO(2) is added to milk.