gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable poly(ester‐urethanes) based on bacterial poly(R‐3‐hydroxybutyrate) (2001)

Abstract A series of poly(R‐3‐hydroxybutyrate)/poly(ε‐caprolactone)/1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate‐segmented poly(ester‐urethanes), having different compositions and different block lengths, were synthesized by one‐step solution polymerization. The molecular weight of poly(R‐3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐diol, PHB‐diol, hard segments was in the range of 2100–4400 and poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐diol, PCL‐diol, soft segments in the range of 1080–5800. The materials obtained were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle X‐ray diffraction and mechanical measurements. All poly(ester‐urethanes) investigated were semicrystalline with T m varying within 126–148°C. DSC results showed that T g are shifted to higher temperature with increasing content of PHB hard segments and decreasing molecular weight of PCL soft segments. This indicates partial compatibility of the two phases. In poly(ester‐urethanes) made from PCL soft segments of molecular weight (M n ≥ 2200), a PCL crystalline phase, in addition to the PHB crystalline phase, was observed. As for the mechanical tensile properties of poly(ester‐urethane) cast films, it was found that the ultimate strength and the elongation at the breakpoint decrease with increasing PHB hard segment content. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 703–718, 2002
Adaptive figure-ground classification (2012)

We propose an adaptive figure-ground classification algorithm to automatically extract a foreground region using a user-provided bounding-box. The image is first over-segmented with an adaptive mean-shift algorithm, from which background and foreground priors are estimated. The remaining patches are iteratively assigned based on their distances to the priors, with the foreground prior being updated online. A large set of candidate segmentations are obtained by changing the initial foreground prior. The best candidate is determined by a score function that evaluates the segmentation quality. Rather than using a single distance function or score function, we generate multiple hypothesis segmentations from different combinations of distance measures and score functions. The final segmentation is then automatically obtained with a voting or weighted combination scheme from the multiple hypotheses. Experiments indicate that our method performs at or above the current state-of-the-art on several datasets, with particular success on challenging scenes that contain irregular or multiple-connected foregrounds. In addition, this improvement in accuracy is achieved with low computational cost.
Power electronics on InAlN/(In)GaN: Prospect for a record performance (2001)

We compare basic physical parameters of Al/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/N-GaN quantum well with In/sub 0.17/Al/sub 0.83/N/GaN and In/sub 0.17/Al/sub 0.83/N/In/sub 0.10/Ga/sub 0.90/N quantum well parameters, respectively. It is shown that in comparison to conventional AlGaN/GaN approach, structures based on InAlN/(In)GaN should exhibit two to three times higher quantum well polarization-induced charge. We use high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) analytical model to calculate InAlN(In)GaN HEMTs drain currents and transconductances. A 3.3 A/mm and 2.2 A/mm drain current was calculated for In/sub 0.17/Al/sub 0.83/N/In/sub 0.10/Ga/sub 0.90/N and In/sub 0.17/Al/sub 0.83/N/GaN HEMTs, respectively. This represents up to 205% current increase if compared with AlGaN/GaN HEMT and a record power performance can be expected for new structures.
Specificity of the DPD and Amperometric Titration Methods for Free Available Chlorine: A Review (1989)

Both the DPD and amperometric titration methods for measuring free available chlorine (FAC) are subject to interference from monochloramine and organic chloramines. The measured FAC concentration in the presence of chloramines is often significantly larger than the true FAC residual. Interference in the DPD method can be reduced by rapid titrations. Interference in the amperometric titration method can be minimized by maintaining a 200‐mV positive potential on the platinum electrode.
Aminomethaneboronic acids. Synthesis and inhibition of a boron analog of esterase substrates (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminomethaneboronic acids. Synthesis and inhibition of a boron analog of esterase substratesRobert N. Lindquist and Ann Cac NguyenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 19, 6435–6437Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00461a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00461a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peg Bull (1858)

Journal Article Peg Bull Get access A. A. A. A. 1Poets' Corner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s2-V, Issue 115, 13 March 1858, Page 214, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s2-V.115.214j Published: 13 March 1858
Synthesis and conformational assignment of <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-2-amino-1-arylcyclohexanols (1985)

The synthesis of cis- and trans-2-amino-1-arylcyclohexanols 1–8, conformationally restricted analogues of the α-adrenergic drugs norephedrine 9, methoxamine 10, and isopropylmethoxamine 11, is described. trans-Aminoalcohols were obtained through reaction of epoxides 12 or 13 with isopropylamine (to afford 4 and 8) or with sodium azide followed by lithium aluminum hydride reduction (to afford 2 and 6), whereas cis-aminoalcohols 1 and 5 were obtained by condensation of 2-aminocyclohexanone hydrobromide 26 with the appropriate organometallic reagent. Treatment of 1 and 5 with acetone followed by sodium borohydride reduction gave isopropylaminoalcohols 3 and 7. Configurational and conformational assignments of aminoalcohols 1–8 have been carried out on the basis of their 1 H nmr and 13 C nmr data and by comparison with reference diols 18 and 30. The major or exclusive chair conformation observed for all the compounds has an equatorial aryl group.
Enhancement of antigen-induced T-cell proliferation by soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV. (1994)

The addition of a soluble recombinant CD26 (sCD26) enhanced proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by the recall antigen tetanus toxoid. sCD26 itself did not provide a mitogenic signal and did not augment the proliferative response of T cells to other mitogenic stimuli such as phytohemagglutinin and anti-CD3. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV-negative sCD26 did not have this enhancement effect, implying a requirement for enzyme activity. It was found that there exists a large variation in the levels of human plasma sCD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV in vivo which may regulate T-cell activity. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from individuals whose plasma sCD26 was high and responded strongly to tetanus toxoid stimulation were insensitive to the enhancing effects of exogenously added sCD26. This suggests that plasma sCD26 had modulated the responsiveness of T cells of these individuals in vivo and that the endogenous plasma sCD26 regulates immune responses by allowing antigen-specific T cells to exert a maximal response to their specific antigen.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Enolization and Alkylation of 4‐Oxo‐N‐(9‐phenylfluoren‐ 9‐yl)proline: Synthesis of Enantiopure Proline‐Valine and Hydroxyproline‐Valine Chimeras. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Active Learning from Multiple Noisy Labelers with Varied Costs (2010)

In active learning, where a learning algorithm has to purchase the labels of its training examples, it is often assumed that there is only one labeler available to label examples, and that this labeler is noise-free. In reality, it is possible that there are multiple labelers available (such as human labelers in the online annotation tool Amazon Mechanical Turk) and that each such labeler has a different cost and accuracy. We address the active learning problem with multiple labelers where each labeler has a different (known) cost and a different (unknown) accuracy. Our approach uses the idea of adjusted cost, which allows labelers with different costs and accuracies to be directly compared. This allows our algorithm to find low-cost combinations of labelers that result in high-accuracy labelings of instances. Our algorithm further reduces costs by pruning under-performing labelers from the set under consideration, and by halting the process of estimating the accuracy of the labelers as early as it can. We found that our algorithm often outperforms, and is always competitive with, other algorithms in the literature.
Market neutral : state-of-the-art strategies for every market environment (1996)

This text explains both the underlying philosophy and the actual techniques for market neutral investing. It covers all aspects of this method of investing, including strategies, implementing a market neutral approach in an institutional portfolio, and regulatory and taxation issues. The authors seek to correct misconceptions about the market neutral approach, and the text gives specific equity and fixed-income strategies, shows quantitative investment techniques, and illustrates the importance of trading costs.
A Broadband Optical Diode for Linearly Polarized Light Using Symmetry‐Breaking Metamaterials (2017)

As an analog of electrical diodes, optical diodes enable asymmetric transmission or one‐way transmission of light. Here, a thin bilayer metamaterial supporting asymmetric transmission is experimentally demonstrated for linearly polarized light but not for circularly polarized light over a broad bandwidth up to 50 terahertz in the near‐infrared region. A simple and intuitive working principle based on the symmetry inherent in the metamaterial design is provided, along with full‐wave simulations that agree well with the experimental results. It is also proved that the design is extremely insensitive to spatial misalignment, which may occur during the nanofabrication process. These prominent features promise a wide range of applications, such as ultrafast optical computing, information processing, and suppressing undesired interactions of light in integrated micro‐ and nanodevices.
High-quality oxide/nitride/oxide gate insulator for GaN MIS structures (2001)

We report on a SiO/sub 2//Si/sub 3/N/sub 4//SiO/sub 2/ (ONO) gate insulator stack deposited on GaN by jet vapor deposition (JVD) technique. Capacitors fabricated using the JVD-ONO on GaN are characterized from room temperature to 450/spl deg/C using capacitance-voltage (C-V), current-voltage (I-V), AC conductance, and constant-current stress measurements. We find excellent operating characteristics over the measured range, most notably: (1) very low leakage current, (2) extremely high hard-breakdown strength, (3) low interface-trap density, and (4) low net dielectric-charge density. Moreover these performance figures remain well within acceptable limits even for operating temperatures as high as 150/spl deg/C. In addition, we measure both the capture cross-section of the interface traps and the surface-potential fluctuation at the GaN/ONO interface. All results suggest that JVD-ONO is an excellent choice for a gate dielectric in GaN-based MISFETs.
RF Photonics (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In parallel with the development of fiber optics for transmission of digital information, the 1970s and 1980s saw the development of techniques for the transmission of wide-bandwidth analog radio-frequency (RF) signals over optical fibers. The simultaneous need for high linearity and high signal-to-noise in RF photonic links spurred the development of lasers, modulators and detectors matched to the special needs of such links. RF photonics was also explored for the processing of RF signals by means of optically implemented filters and variable-delay lines. Commercial applications of RF photonics included cable television signal distribution and subcarrier-multiplexed digital signals. </para>
Influence of Soil Structure on Water Relations in Low Humic Latosols: I. Water Retention (1968)

Abstract Experiments were carried out to study the effect of two aspects of soil structure, macrofabric and microfabric, on the water retention characteristics of two latosolic soils. The soils were selected because of similarity in composition but differences in structure. Moisture retention curves of the soils and also of their water stable aggregates were obtained. On the basis of results it was concluded that for strongly structured soils, water retention was greatly influenced by macrofabric in the tension range between 0 to 0.3 bar, while the effect of microfabric was more prominent beyond this range. The influence of microfabric was also demonstrated by applying the surface tension, radius of curvature, pressure relationship on selected aggregate fractions.
Multiport converters for hybrid power sources (2008)

Multiport converters, a promising concept for hybrid power sources, have attracted increasing research interest recently. The use of a single power processing stage to interface multiple power inputs integrates power conversion for a hybrid power source. This structure removes redundant power stages that would exist in the conventional approach that uses multiple converters. The multiport structure is promising from the viewpoints of centralized control and compact packaging. The proposed basic bidirectional switching cells show several possibilities to construct a multiport converter. Several three-port topologies are discussed. Furthermore, based on the interleaving technology, topologies for higher power applications are also provided.
New compounds active against resistant cattle ticks (<i>Boophilus</i> spp.): Relationship between structure and activity within the group of cyclic amidines (1973)

Abstract A series of cyclic amidines is described, many of which are highly active against resistant cattle ticks, Boophilus spp. The preferred compound is clenpyrin, 1‐butyl‐2‐(3,4‐dichlorphenylimino)pyrrolidine which paralyses the cattle ticks and inhibits their egg‐production.
Genome Size Variation in the Aloaceae, an Angiosperm Family Displaying Karyotypic Orthoselection (1998)

Chromosomal variation is widespread in angiosperms, with numbers ranging from 2n = 4 in some species to over 600 in others, and with genome sizes from the minute in Arabidopsis thaliana to the very large in Fritillaria spp. Many families show extensive karyotype variation, sometimes within a species, often with a genus. Others display karyotypic orthoselection, with identical karyotypes throughout a genus, or in groups of genera, e.g. Agave and its relatives. The highest orthoselection level occurs in the Aloaceae, which has the same bimodal karyotype in all species (x = 7; four long and three short acrocentrics). Major structural changes to Aloaceae chromosomes are common in the wild, but are not known as homozygotes and take no part in speciation. The ratio of combined volumes of the long and short chromosomes is constant in Aloe species. Despite the karyotypic uniformity, 4C nuclear DNA amounts vary two-fold in diploid species, with lowest values in primitive species. This range is demonstrable in the extreme heteromorphy of homeologues that is visible in hybrids. Supported by the observation that chiasma position in an intergeneric hybrid is random, even where homeologue length differs greatly, these findings suggest that evolutionary increase in DNA amount involves the amplification of many small DNA segments at sites distributed evenly throughout the chromosome complement in numbers proportional to chromosome length, thus maintaining karyotypic uniformity in the genus.
Physiology, Phylogeny, and Functions of the TRP Superfamily of Cation Channels (2001)

The transient receptor potential (TRP) protein superfamily consists of a diverse group of Ca(2+) permeable nonselective cation channels that bear structural similarities to Drosophila TRP. TRP-related proteins play important roles in nonexcitable cells, as demonstrated by the recent finding that a mammalian TRPC protein is expressed in endothelial cells and functions in vasorelaxation. However, an emerging theme is that many TRP-related proteins are expressed predominantly in the nervous system and function in sensory physiology. The TRP superfamily can be divided into six subfamilies, the first of which is composed of the "classical TRPs" (TRPC subfamily). These proteins all share the common features of three to four ankryin repeats, >/=30% amino acid homology over >/=750 amino acids, and a gating mechanism that operates through phospholipase C. Some classical TRPs may be store-operated channels (SOCs), which are activated by release of Ca(2+) from internal stores. The mammalian TRPC proteins are also expressed in the central nervous system, and several are highly enriched in the brain. One TRPC protein has been implicated in the pheromone response. The archetypal TRP, Drosophila TRP, is predominantly expressed in the visual system and is required for phototransduction. Many members of a second subfamily (TRPV) function in sensory physiology. These include VR1 and OSM-9, which respond to heat, osmolarity, odorants, and mechanical stimuli. A third subfamily, TRPN, includes proteins with many ankyrin repeats, one of which, NOMPC, participates in mechanotransduction. Among the members of a fourth subfamily, TRPM, is a putative tumor suppressor termed melastatin, and a bifunctional protein, TRP-PLIK, consisting of a TRPM channel fused to a protein kinase. PKD2 and mucolipidin are the founding members of the TRPP and TRPML subfamilies, respectively. Mutations in PKD2 are responsible for polycystic kidney disease, and mutations in mucolipidin result in a severe neurodegenerative disorder. Recent studies suggest that alterations in the activities of SOC and TRP channels may be at the heart of several additional neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, TRP channels may prove to be important new targets for drug discovery.
60% high-efficiency 3G LTE power amplifier with three-level delta sigma modulation assisted by dual supply injection (2011)

This paper presents a new power amplifier architecture incorporating a multi-level envelope delta sigma modulation (EDSM) encoder together with a dynamic bias control method to improve the overall efficiency. The proposed transmitter was developed based on a 3-level encoding process for quantizing the non-constant envelope signal. Therefore, the power amplifier is always operated under only a two-state output power level (maximum and 6dB back-off levels), achieving high efficiency. To maintain this high efficiency at a 6dB back-off output level, a lower DC supply voltage is supplied from a dual supply network (DSN) assisted on a digital process block. Using the proposed efficiency enhancement method, we have designed and implemented a 2.6GHz high-efficiency Class-J power amplifier (PA) using a commercial 10W PEP GaN device and a simple dual supply network. The experimental results show that, if the 0.51dB power loss of the band pass filter is de-embedded, the proposed power amplifier delivers a drain efficiency (DE) of 59.8% and power added efficiency (PAE) of 55.6%, with a gain of 11.1dB at an average output power of 34.5 dBm, for a 10 MHz 3G LTE signal with a 8.5 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).
Enzymes Adsorbed onto Model Surfaces (1990)

Adsorption of the enzymes subtilisin BPN′ and lysozyme onto model hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces was examined using adsorption isotherm experiments, infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopy. For both lysozyme and BPN′, most of the enzyme adsorbed onto the model surface within ten seconds. Nearly an order-of-magnitude more BPN′ adsorbed on the hydrophobic Ge surface than the hydrophilic one, while lysozyme adsorbed somewhat more strongly to the hydrophilic Ge surface. No changes in secondary structure were noted for either enzyme. The appearance of carboxylate bands in some of the adsorbed BPN′ spectra suggests hydrolysis of amide bonds has occurred.
Parallel and distributed graph cuts by dual decomposition (2010)

Graph cuts methods are at the core of many state-of-the-art algorithms in computer vision due to their efficiency in computing globally optimal solutions. In this paper, we solve the maximum flow/minimum cut problem in parallel by splitting the graph into multiple parts and hence, further increase the computational efficacy of graph cuts. Optimality of the solution is guaranteed by dual decomposition, or more specifically, the solutions to the subproblems are constrained to be equal on the overlap with dual variables. We demonstrate that our approach both allows (i) faster processing on multi-core computers and (ii) the capability to handle larger problems by splitting the graph across multiple computers on a distributed network. Even though our approach does not give a theoretical guarantee of speedup, an extensive empirical evaluation on several applications with many different data sets consistently shows good performance. An open source implementation of the dual decomposition method is also made publicly available.
Strain aging embrittlement of the ordered intermetallic compound NiAl (1993)

The deformation behavior and fracture toughness of single crystals of the ordered intermetallic compound NiAl were investigated as functions of relatively low temperature thermal treatments. A strain aging embrittlement phenonenon, similar to that observed in mild steels, was identified. In the non-embrittled condition, tensile ductilities on the order of 7%–8% and fracture toughness values of 15–17 MPa m12 were obtained for crystals with a 〈110〉 axis tested at room temperature. Additional observations of serrated yielding during compression testing at temperatures between 100 and 200 °C are consistent with strain aging induced by the low temperature diffusion of interstitial impurities or constitutional vacancies to dislocations, thus rendering them immobile at room temperature.