gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, <i>MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA</i> (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE). ARTIFICIAL DIET AND REARING TECHNIQUE (1976)

Abstract A technique is described for rearing successive generations of the insect in numbers from 200 to 40,000 continuously without diapause. All components of the diet are commercially available and the principal ingredients are of plant origin. Survival at four stages of development is given and the causes of mortality are discussed. The per cent survival of insects from instar III to pupation times the percentage of perfect female pupae obtained at harvest gives a factor considered to be the best measure of the worth of an artificial diet. The variability of these statistics is shown by frequency distributions obtained in 50 independent tests of the diet. Overall survival of 84% times 73% perfect females gave a diet worth factor of 61. An analysis of rearing costs is presented. Although 15 continuous generations have been reared, egg production of the highly selected strain has not deteriorated.
Arylamine <i>N</i>-acetyltransferase 2 Expression in the Developing Heart (2005)

Murine arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is expressed in the developing heart and in the neural tube at the time of closure. Classically described as a xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme, there is increasing evidence for a distinct biological role for murine NAT2. We have characterized the expression of arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 during cardiogenesis, mapping its expression in vivo, using a lacZ insertion deletion, and also in vitro, by measuring NAT2 enzyme activity. These findings show that cardiac Nat2 expression is both temporally and spatially regulated during development. In neonatal mice, cardiac Nat2 expression is most extensive in the central fibrous body and is evident in the atrioventricular valves and the valves of the great vessels. Whereas Nat2 expression is not detected in ventricular myocardial cells, Nat2 is strongly expressed in scattered cells in the region of the sinus node, the epicardium of the right atrial appendage, and in the pulmonary artery. Expression of active NAT2 protein is maximal when the developing heart attains the adult circulation pattern and moves from metabolizing glucose to fatty acids. NAT2 acetylating activity in cardiac tissue from Nat2(-/-) and Nat2(+/-) mice indicates a lack of compensating acetylating activity either from other acetylating enzymes or by NAT2 encoded by the wild-type Nat2 allele in Nat2(+/-) heterozygotes. The temporal and spatial control of murine Nat2 expression points to an endogenous role distinct from xenobiotic metabolism and indicates that Nat2 expression may be useful as a marker in cardiac development.
Continuous-wave, intracavity doubled, self-Raman laser operation in Nd:GdVO_4 at 586.5 nm (2007)

We report a continuous-wave self-Raman laser based on diode-pumped Nd:GdVO(4) giving first-Stokes output at 1173 nm and intracavity frequency-doubled output at 586.5 nm. A maximum cw output power at 1173 nm of 2 W was obtained for diode pump powers of 22 W and a maximum cw power at 586 nm of 678 mW with 16.3 W pump power. Infrared and yellow powers were limited by thermal lensing in the gain medium and parasitic oscillations of weak Nd(3+) transitions. Quasi-cw operation at 50% duty-cycle reduced the thermal load in the laser/Raman crystal, allowing cavity stability to be obtained near maximum available pump power (25.7 W) for which the maximum quasi-cw yellow output power was 1.88 W.
A responsive particulate MRI contrast agent for copper(i): a cautionary tale (2012)

A responsive MION-based MRI contrast agent for the detection of copper(I) is presented. Induced agglomeration of azide and acetylene-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles via Cu(I)-catalysed Huisgen cycloaddition leads to significant decrease in longitudinal relaxivity due to the slow exchange of water molecules trapped within the cluster with bulk solvent. Agglomeration leads to an initial two-fold increase followed by a sharp and almost complete loss in transverse relaxivity for clusters larger than 200 nm in size. The decrease in r(2) for clusters reaching the static dephasing regime has two significant implications for particulate responsive MRI contrast agents. First, the maximum increase in r(2) is barely two-fold, second, since r(2) does not increase continuously with increasing cluster size, the r(1)/r(2) ratio cannot be used to determine the concentration of an analyte ratiometrically.
A circuit for high-speed carry propagation in l.s.i.-f.e.t. technology (1976)

A circuit configuration for high-speed carry propagation employing serial floating field effect transistors in parallel digital adders is presented. Circuit parameters affecting the performance of the suggested configuration are evaluated. Results of comparisons with alternative m.s.i. and l.s.i. adder circuits are given and show that the present suggestion is superior to the alternatives.
A Large-Scale Study About Quality and Reproducibility of Jupyter Notebooks (2019)

Jupyter Notebooks have been widely adopted by many different communities, both in science and industry. They support the creation of literate programming documents that combine code, text, and execution results with visualizations and all sorts of rich media. The self-documenting aspects and the ability to reproduce results have been touted as significant benefits of notebooks. At the same time, there has been growing criticism that the way notebooks are being used leads to unexpected behavior, encourage poor coding practices, and that their results can be hard to reproduce. To understand good and bad practices used in the development of real notebooks, we studied 1.4 million notebooks from GitHub. We present a detailed analysis of their characteristics that impact reproducibility. We also propose a set of best practices that can improve the rate of reproducibility and discuss open challenges that require further research and development.
Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay on Polystyrene Beads and Its Application to Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase (1975)

Abstract Antibody-coated polystyrene beads have been used to develop a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for bovine dopamine-β-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.17.1). The technique is simple and offers many advantages over other radioimmunoassay techniques, including solid-phase procedures, a major one being its adaptability to a wide range of antigen concentrations. Precision, sensitivity, and reproducibility compare favorably with those of existing methods. The ease and speed with which this test is performed have made it especially useful for clinical evaluations of serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase. Antibody-coated beads should be applicable for the assay of other antigens.
Direct Analysis and Identification of <i>Helicobacter</i> and <i>Campylobacter</i> Species by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (1999)

Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter fetus, and Campylobacter coli were compared with Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter mustelae by direct analysis of individual cultured colonies in 50% methanol-water with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS). H. pylori and Campylobacter species from blood agar culture produced unique, complex spectra with over 25 different ions in mass/charge (m/z) range from 2,000 to 62,000. A biomarker for H. pylori was centered around m/z 58,268, and H. mustelae was distinguished from H. pylori by its ions at m/z 49,608 and 57,231. Campylobacters could be distinguished from Helicobacters by their lack of ions around m/z 58,000 and 61,000 as well as distinguishing biomarkers of lower m/z: 10,074 and 25,478 for C. coli; m/z 10,285 and 12,901 for C. jejuni; m/z 10,726 and 11,289 for C. fetus. MALDI-TOF MS is a rapid and direct method for detection of these potentially pathogenic bacteria from culture.
Personal handwriting identification based on PCA (2002)

In this paper, a novel algorithm is presented for writer identification from handwritings. Principal Component Analysis is applied to the gray-scale handwriting images to find a set of individual words which best characterize a person's handwriting style and have maximal difference from other people style. During identification, we only need to utilize a set of individual characteristic words for comparison, instead of comparing the whole handwriting text to identify the writers. So not only is a very high average identification performance of 97.5% obtained, but also a very fast identification speed is achieved in our method. In the experiment, 400 pages ofhandwriting texts, containing almost 16000 Chinese words written by 40 different writers are used to validate the performance ofthe method.
Cellulose/poly(4-vinylpyridine) blends (1991)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Comparison of 10 Different Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging Processing Methods in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2007)

Perfusion lesion size differs markedly depending on the parameter calculated. Relative perfusion parameters performed as well as quantitative ones. Some parameters (mainly representing MTT measures) were correlated with clinical scores; others were correlated with final infarct size; and arrival time fitted was correlated with both. These findings should be validated in other datasets. A consensus is required on which perfusion measurement and processing methods should be used.
Image Denoising by Sparse 3-D Transform-Domain Collaborative Filtering (2007)

We propose a novel image denoising strategy based on an enhanced sparse representation in transform domain. The enhancement of the sparsity is achieved by grouping similar 2D image fragments (e.g.,...
A Method for Fetal Heart Rate Extraction Based on Time-Frequency Analysis (2006)

A three-stage method for fetal heart rate extraction, from abdominal ECG recordings, is proposed. In the first stage the maternal R-peaks and fiducial points (QRS onset and offset) are detected, using time-frequency analysis, and the maternal QRS complexes are eliminated. The second stage locates the positions of the candidate fetal R-peaks, using complex wavelets and pattern matching theory techniques. In the third stage, the fetal R-peaks that overlap with the maternal QRS complexes are found. The method is validated using a dataset of 4 long duration recordings and the obtained results indicate high detection ability of the method (96% accuracy)
Immunologic Response to the Dual Murine Anti-Id Vaccine Melimmune-1 and Melimmune-2 in Patients with High-Risk Melanoma Without Evidence of Systemic Disease (1998)

Melimmune is a dual preparation of two murine anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Ids), Melimmune-1 and Melimmune-2, which mimic separate epitopes of the melanoma-associated high molecular weight proteoglycan antigen. In an animal model, vaccination with either anti-Id leads to tumor rejection, and Phase I clinical trials have demonstrated the tolerance of each reagent in humans. We conducted a Phase IB trial of different doses of a one-to-one composition to Melimmune-1 and Melimmune-2 administered with SAF-m adjuvant in patients with resected melanoma without evidence of metastatic disease. A total of 21 patients were enrolled in this multicenter trial. Detailed immune response analysis was conducted on 13 patients enrolled at a single institution. Following vaccination, 12 of the 13 patients demonstrated antibodies to both Melimmune-1 and Melimmune-2, including significant anti-V-region reactivity. Maximum anti-V-region reactivity was generally detected following the last vaccination. Anti-V-region reactivity directed at Melimmune-1 and Melimmune-2 in excess of 1 microgram/ml was detected in 4 and 10 of 12 patients, respectively. Sera from patients obtained at time of peak anti-V-region reactivity did not demonstrate the ability to inhibit Ab1 binding to tumor cells or direct anti-tumor cell reactivity. However, in vitro cellular proliferation was observed in response to Melimmune-1 and/or Melimmune-2 F(Ab')2 in all patients with a mean stimulation index of 12.0 and 27.8, respectively. Overall, the antibody and cellular immune response to Melimmune-2 was more potent than to Melimmune-1, and all antibody doses elicited an immune response. The optimal biologic dose of Melimmune could not be determined in this small patient population.
The Evolution of User-Selected Passwords: A Quantitative Analysis of Publicly Available Datasets (2018)

The aim of this work is to study the evolution of password selection among users. We investigate whether users follow best practices when selecting passwords and identify areas in need of improvement. Four distinct publicly-available password datasets (obtained from security breaches, compiled by security experts, and designated as containing bad passwords) are employed. As these datasets were released at different times, the distributions characterizing these datasets suggest a chronological evolution of password selection. A similarity metric, Levenshtein distance, is used to compare passwords in each dataset against the designated benchmark of bad passwords. The resulting distributions of normalized similarity scores are then compared to each other. The comparison reveals an overall increase in the mean of the similarity distributions corresponding to more recent datasets, implying a shift away from the use of bad passwords. This conclusion is corroborated by the passwords' clustering behavior. An encoding capturing best practices maps passwords to a high dimensional space over which a $k$-means clustering (with silhouette coefficient) analysis is performed. Cluster comparison and character frequency analysis indicates an improvement in password selection over time with respect to certain features (length, mixing character types), yet certain discouraged practices (name inclusion, selection bias) still persist.
Beta protein immunoreactivity is found in the majority of neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease. (1992)

The presence of dystrophic neurites in most extracellular neurofibrillary tangles (E-NFT) suggests a factor promoting neurite growth in E-NFT. Although the beta-protein detected in E-NFT may fill that role, reports that only 2-10% of E-NFT contain beta-protein whereas 80-100% contain dystrophic neurites suggested that beta-protein does not play an important role. In this study, the authors used two antisera and one monoclonal antibody to beta-protein to establish the effects of tissue preparation and formic acid enhancement on the detection of beta-protein in E-NFT. We found that beta-protein epitopes in E-NFT are sensitive to formaldehyde fixation and are best enhanced by 50% formic acid, whereas beta-protein in senile plaques is best enhanced at higher formic acid concentrations. After treatment with 50% formic acid, beta-protein was found in all E-NFT. Interestingly, after treatment with 10% formic acid, half of intraneuronal-NFT (I-NFT) also contained beta-protein immunoreactivity. The finding that beta-protein immunoreactivity in senile plaques, E-NFT and I-NFT is increased at different formic acid concentrations suggests that beta-protein in each location is in a different conformation. In contrast, no beta-protein immunoreactivity could be found in E-NFT of the brain stem, an area in which dystrophic neurites do not infiltrate E-NFT. These findings indicate a correlation between neuritic infiltration and presence of beta-protein in E-NFT and suggests the two are linked in Alzheimer's disease for E-NFT as well as senile plaques.
Regulation of induction of nitric oxide synthase and the inhibitory actions of dexamethasone in the human intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco‐2: influence of cell differentiation (1999)

1. The inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Using the human intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco-2, iNOS expression, regulation and sensitivity to the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone after cytokine exposure and its relationship to the degree of differentiation has been studied. 2. NOS activity, assessed by NO2- and NO3- release, was time-dependently increased after exposure to interferon gamma alone or in combination with interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha. 3. Cytokine-induced iNOS activity was increased with days in culture over 20 days and number of passages, suggesting iNOS up-regulation during enterocyte-like differentiation. This activity was inhibited by the selective iNOS inhibitor 1400 W (0.1 - 100 microM). In addition, iNOS protein induction was confirmed by Western blot. 4. Actinomycin D (5 microg ml(-1) inhibited cytokine-induced iNOS activity, protein expression and mRNA level. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC: 10 - 200 microM) and 3,4 dichloroisocoumarin (0.1 - 100 microM) reduced cytokine-induced iNOS activity and protein expression at both day 10 and 15 after confluence. PDTC also decreased iNOS mRNA levels, suggesting NF-kappaB involvement in its transcription at these times. 5. The tyrphostins A25 and B42 reduced cytokine-induced iNOS activity at both day 10 and 15 after confluence, indicating the JAK-2 kinase is also involved at these times. The tyrphostins also reduced the iNOS protein expression. 6. Dexamethasone (0.1 - 10 microM, for 24 h) reduced cytokine-induced iNOS activity at day 15 and 20 after cell confluence, but not at day 5 or 10. 7. Dexamethasone (5 microM) decreased cytokine-induced iNOS protein expression at day 10 as well as at day 15 after confluence. 8. These findings indicate that iNOS induction and its inhibition by dexamethasone in this human intestinal epithelial cell line is dependent on the degree of differentiation.
Granularity of locks and degrees of consistency in a shared data base (1998)

The problem of choosing the appropriate Hranularit ~ (size) of lockable objects is introduced and the tradeoff between concurrency and overhead is discusseS. A locking protocol which allows simultaneous locking at various granularities by different transactions is presented. It is based on the introduction of additional lock modes besides the conventional share mode an5 exclusive mode. A proof is given of the equivalence of this protocol to a conventional one. Next the issue of consistency in a shared environment is analyze~. This discussion is motivated by the realization that some existing data base systems use automatic lock protocols which insure protection only from certain types of inconsistencies (for instance those arising from transaction backup), thereby automatically providing a
Nanoscale FETs and STM lithography (2002)

This paper outlines a new proposal for silicon nanoelectronics based on STM/AFM lithography, selective deposition of epitaxial silicides, and heterolayer overgrowth. The all-UHV process we envision is completely planarized, and could eventually permit fabrication of 3-dimensional devices and circuit architectures with an unlimited range of possibilities.
Changing Trends in Smoking and Alcohol Consumption in Patients With Oral Cancer Treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center From 1985 to 2009 (2012)

Over the past 25 years there has been a progressive decrease in the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol users in patients with oral cancer.
[Which studies are needed for the prediction of postoperative serum creatinine in unilateral nephrectomy? A retrospective analysis of 136 nephrectomies]. (1990)

Among 136 patients with unilateral nephrectomy between 1985 and 1988 at the Marienhospital Gelsenkirchen the renal function was evaluated in the postoperative course. The serum creatinine value did increase from 88.4 +/- 5.3 mumol/l preoperatively to 168.8 +/- 13.3 mumol/l on the 10th postoperative day. The elevation was significantly higher in patients with more than one associated disease (e.g. diabetes, hypertension). The extent of creatinine elevation could predicated safe by both preoperative creatinine value and isotope renal split function analysis. Therefore, functional isotope examination may not be indicated in patients without impairment of renal function.
Association of the <i>FAM167A–BLK</i> region with systemic sclerosis (2010)

Our findings indicate that the rs13277113A allele is associated not only with SLE but also with SSc and that the FAM167A-BLK region is a common genetic risk factor for both SLE and SSc.
Synthesis and evaluation of M. tuberculosis salicylate synthase (MbtI) inhibitors designed to probe plasticity in the active site (2012)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis salicylate synthase (MbtI) catalyses the first committed step in the biosynthesis of mycobactin T, an iron-chelating siderophore essential for the virulence and survival of M. tuberculosis. Co-crystal structures of MbtI with members of a first generation inhibitor library revealed large inhibitor-induced rearrangements within the active site of the enzyme. This plasticity of the MbtI active site was probed via the preparation of a library of inhibitors based on a 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate scaffold with a range of substituted phenylacrylate side chains appended to the C3 position. Most compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against the enzyme, with inhibition constants in the micromolar range, while several dimethyl ester variants possessed promising anti-tubercular activity in vitro.
I/O Virtualization Design of FCoE Adapter (2015)

Converged Enhanced Ethernet (CEE) presents challenges to PCIe devices. The single-root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) standard allows a PCIe device to be efficiently shared among Virtual Machines (VMs), without performance loss. We propose a design method for FCoE adapter. Based on the designed allocation scheme for Receive and Transmit queues, we put forward an allocation model from Virtual Functions (VFs) to VMs. This model can not only solve the problem of the limited number of VFs, but also distribute network bandwidth according to the VM's needs. In addition, we implement a communication mechanism between Physical Function (PF) Driver and VF Driver based on the inter-domain communication mechanism in Xen. This design scheme we proposed will not only make full use of hardware resources to meet the requirement of I/O performance in CEE, but also provide a method for PF Driver-VF Driver communication to reduce the complexity of hardware design.
Traffic models impact on OFDMA scheduling design (2012)

Abstract This article studies the impact on the design of scheduling algorithms for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems of two traffic models described in the evaluation methodology proposals from standardization bodies: the full buffer and the finite buffer traffic models. The analysis concentrates on utility-based scheduling with an α-fair utility function for Non-Real Time (NRT) services. The results show that a gradient scheduling algorithm is able to maximize the aggregate utility over all the users when the less realistic full buffer model is adopted; but not when the finite buffer model is applied. The results also show that with the full buffer model a gradient scheduler exhibits a trade-off between average user throughput and the user throughput at 5% outage, but it does not when the more realistic finite buffer is used. Therefore, it is concluded that designs of scheduling algorithms for NRT services for OFDMA systems carried out under the full buffer model assumption may fail to provide the desired performance benefits in realistic scenarios. Based on the results presented, a recommendation on scheduling design is provided.
Effects of Gender and Age on Plasma Levels of Clozapine and Its Metabolites (1999)

The present results suggest that women possess higher plasma levels (about one third higher) of clozapine and norclozapine, but not the N-oxide metabolite. Each addition of 1 year in age elevated clozapine and either metabolite's levels by about 1%. Furthermore, every 1-mg increase in the daily dose raised clozapine and norclozapine concentrations by approximately 0.3%. These findings could assist clinicians in optimizing clozapine dosing strategies.