gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of the 3'-Fluoro and 3',5'-Difluoro Derivatives of 4-Amino-4-deoxy-N<sup>10</sup>-methylpteroylglutamic Acid (Methotrexate)<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of the 3'-Fluoro and 3',5'-Difluoro Derivatives of 4-Amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroylglutamic Acid (Methotrexate)1ANDREW S. TOMCUFCIK and DORIS R. SEEGERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 9, 3351–3356Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01067a079https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01067a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views335Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel ultra high molecular weight polyethylene–hyaluronan microcomposite for use in total joint replacements. II. Mechanical and tribological property evaluation (2007)

The mechanical and tribological properties of a new biomaterial, an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene-hyaluronan (UHMWPE-HA) microcomposite, were investigated in this article, which is Part II of a two-part study. Part I presented the synthesis and physical/chemical characterization of the novel microcomposites. The microcomposite was developed for bearing surfaces of total joint replacements and was designed to enhance lubrication and improve wear resistance compared to noncrosslinked UHMWPE. Pin-on-flat wear tests with cross-path motion demonstrated significant decreases for both the wear and wear rate of UHMWPE with the presence of hyaluronan (HA) within and on the microcomposite. Compared to noncrosslinked UHMWPE, a maximum decrease of 56% in wear and a maximum decrease of 31% in wear rate were observed at 1.0 million cycles. Inferior tensile properties were observed for the microcomposites when compared to noncrosslinked UHMWPE, which resulted from poor intermolecular entanglement of the UHMWPE caused by low remolding temperature throughout microcomposite manufacturing. Similar results were observed for the sham control, which was processed in the same way as the microcomposite, except for the addition of HA.
MICROPROCESSOR: IN THE DRIVER'S SEAT? (1975)

The use of microprocessors, which will be technically feasible by 1980, will be at the heart of the total systems approach; to electronic subsystems for automobiles. The decision of whether or not to use them will be more economic than technical. As it becomes increasingly difficult and expensive to meet government mandates for pollution control by use of catalytic converters, for example, microprocessors open the doors to sophisticated engine controls that can prevent pollutants from being produced by the engine. The microporcessor's arrival in automobiles will probably occur when the crossover point is reached between prices of microprocessors coming down and the costs of alternate methods of implementing pollution control going up. With an automobile central processor, a car-wide self-analysis system would be conceivable if multiplexing capabilities were incorporated in the processor.
Neutrophils migrate across intestinal epithelium using<i>β</i>2 integrin (CD11b/CD18)-independent mechanisms (2004)

Recruitment of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) across the intestinal epithelium is dependent on specific adhesion molecules and chemoattractants diffusing from the intestinal lumen. The present understanding is that in response to fMLP, PMN migration across a T84 colon carcinoma monolayer is dependent on the beta(2) integrin, Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18). To further understand PMN transepithelial migration, we sought to determine whether migration to C5a, IL-8 and LTB(4) was similarly Mac-1-, or even CD18-dependent. T84 epithelial cell monolayers growing on Transwell filters were used in combination with radiolabelled peripheral blood PMN. The number of migrated PMN was established by the amount of radioactivity recovered from the well after the migration period. Monoclonal antibodies were used to block integrin function. Whereas essentially all migration to fMLP across T84 monolayers was prevented by anti-CD18 antibody, significant migration to C5a, IL-8 or LTB(4) persisted despite anti-CD18 antibody, indicating PMN are capable of beta(2) integrin-independent transepithelial migration. An antibody to CD11b but not CD11a blocked migration to an extent similar as with anti-CD18. CD18-independent PMN migration to C5a occurred only in the basolateral-to-apical direction across epithelial cells. Co-stimulation of PMN with C5a and fMLP or IL-8 plus LTB(4) and fMLP still resulted in CD18-independent migration. Thus CD18 use during PMN migration across this model epithelium is a function of the chemoattractant inducing migration. The finding of CD18-independent migration mechanisms needs to be considered when developing antiadhesion molecule strategies to reduce or reverse intestinal inflammation.
3-D live: real time interaction for mixed reality (2002)

We describe a real-time 3-D augmented reality videoconferencing system. With this technology, an observer sees the real world from his viewpoint, but modified so that the image of a remote collaborator is rendered into the scene. We register the image of the collaborator with the world by estimating the 3-D transformation between the camera and a fiducial marker. We describe a novel shape- from-silhouette algorithm, which generates the appropriate view of the collaborator and the associated depth map at 30 fps. When this view is superimposed upon the real world, it gives the strong impression that the collaborator is a real part of the scene. We also demonstrate interaction in virtual environments with a “live ” fully 3-D collaborator. Finally, we consider interaction between users in the real world and collaborators in a virtual space, using a “tangible ” AR interface.
Synthesis and properties of a second‐order nonlinear optical side‐chain polyimide (1999)

A thermal stable aromatic polyimide (PI) with side-chain second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores has been developed. The PI was prepared by the ring-opening polyaddition of 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride with a new diamine having two N-ethyl-N-[4-[(6-chlorobenzothiazol-2-yl)diazenyl]phenyl]-2-aminoethanol units as the NLO chromophore, followed by poling during or after the thermal imidization process. The resulting PI had number and weight-average molecular weights (Mn, Mw) of 25,000 and 80,000, respectively, and a relatively high glass transition temperature of 180°C. The second harmonic coefficient (d33) of PI at the wavelength of 1.064 μm was 138 pm/V (329.6 × 10−9 esu) and remained unchanged at elevated temperatures. The corona poling process of the NLO-substituted poly(amic acid) to the PI was also studied in detail by measuring the second harmonic generation (SHG) from the polymer films. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1321–1329, 1999
거주자 특성에 따른 아파트 리모델링 계획방안에 관한 연구 (2015)

1989년 공급이 시작된 1기 신도시 아파트는 20년이 경과한 단지가 전체 재고량의 50%이상이다. 공동주택의 지속성을 위해 공동으로 주거환경 개선을 위해 노력하는 것은 매우 중요한 활동이다. 그간 구조를 개조하지 않고 불편함이 있는 일부분을 개선해 왔으며 이때 교체 부분의 선정은 노후화 부분의 수리 또는 법적 기준이 변경되어 그에 맞추기 위해 진행된다. 즉 주민들의 요구나 필요를 반영하지 않고 각 시설의 유지관리 주기에 의해 개선해야 할 항목이 결정된다. 이러한 주거환경 개선 프로젝트는 주민의 의견에 따라 건축 디자인을 결정하고 예산을 소요해야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 주민의 의견을 중심으로 주택을 리모델링 하는 계획방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이러한 결과를 위해 먼저 거주자의 요구를 파악하고 현 거주환경에 대한 만족도를 조사하였다. 그리고 아파트 주동 리모델링을 위한 거주자의 요구도를 파악하였다. 이러한 조사는 노후화된 아파트의 거주자를 대상으로 시행하였으며 결과는 SPSS로 분석하였다. 그 다음으로 이러한 결과를 리모델링 요소의 선정 및 방법에 반영하여 계획안을 완성한다. 마지막으로 리모델링 계획안에 대한 공사원가를 추정할 수 있고 리모델링을 추진하는 방법을 모색할 수 있다. 이와같은 주민, 건축가, 건설사의 협업으로 의사결정을 하는 커뮤니티가 강화되고 거주자의 주거에 대한 만족도도 높아질 것이다.
Effect of Neuromuscular Warm-up on Injuries in Female Soccer and Basketball Athletes in Urban Public High Schools (2011)

Coach-led neuromuscular warm-up reduces noncontact LE injuries in female high school soccer and basketball athletes from a mixed-ethnicity, predominantly low-income, urban population. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS.ORG IDENTIFIER: NCT01092286.
On choices between the two-fluid and the mixture models for simulation of severe transients in nuclear power plants (1991)

Severe transients can lead to severe accidents if the prescribed remedies are not undertaken. Although rare, the severe transients do occur from time to time. Only one of them (the Three Mile Island incident) actually became a severe accident in the United States, partly because the operator training, prior to that incident, was based on simulators which were incapable of dealing with a notion of a water filled pressurizer in conjunction with vapor in the reactor core. A great deal of research and development has, since then, been undertaken by all simulator vendors in the attempt to base the simulation on the laws of nature. Our knowledge of these very complex laws is not complete and, therefore, that effort is still continuing and will continue into the foreseeable future. The purpose of this paper is to briefly comment on the modeling trends for thermohydraulics in existing or planned engineering (or advanced or high fidelity) simulators and on their solution techniques, to indicate the need for further basic research in order to improve reliability of the two-fluid model, and to make a case for application of simpler, mixture-based models in the meantime.
Integrated optic frequency shifter modulator (1981)

The letter describes a novel integrated optic configuration to impose a frequency shift on laser light. The new device is simple to fabricate and has a very broad bandwidth extending from kilohertz to hundreds of megahertz. It Converts over 40% of the input optical power to the required sideband.
Molecular Design Strategies for Near‐Infrared Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes Based on the Unique Spectral Properties of Aminocyanines (2009)

In spite of the wide availability of various near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores as labeling reagents, there are few functional NIR fluorescent probes for which change in the absorption and/or fluorescence spectra upon specific reaction with biomolecules is seen. The widely used photoinduced electron-transfer mechanism is unsuitable for NIR fluorophores, such as tricarbocyanines, because their long excitation wavelength results in a small singlet excitation energy. We have reported the unique spectral properties of amine-substituted tricarbocyanines, which were utilized to develop two design strategies. One approach was based on control of the absorption wavelength by using the difference in electron-donating ability before and after a specific reaction with a biomolecule, and the other approach was based on control of the fluorescence intensity by modulating the Förster resonance energy-transfer efficiency through a change in the overlap integral that arises from the change in absorption under acidic conditions. These strategies were validated by obtaining tricarbocyanine-based ratiometric NIR fluorescent probes for esterase and for pH level.
Contactless electrical characterization of MMICs by device internal electrical sampling scanning-force-microscopy (2002)

For the first time a scanning force microscope based test system is used for device internal electrical characterization of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) based on III-V-semiconductor material up to 40 GHz. Measurements on a coplanar waveguide and within a travelling wave amplifier (TWA) demonstrate the capability for a device internal function- and failure analysis of MMICs. The experimental results are completed by network analyzer measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adventitia contribution in vascular tone: insights from adventitia‐derived cells in a tissue‐engineered human blood vessel (2006)

Whether the adventitia component of blood vessels directly participates in the regulation of vascular tone remains to be demonstrated. We have recently developed a human tissue-engineered blood vessel comprising the three tunicae of a native blood vessel using the self-assembly approach. To investigate the role of the adventitia in the modulation of vascular tone, this tissue-engineering method was used to produce three vascular constructs from cells explanted and proliferated from donor vessel tunicae 1) an adventitia + a media, or only 2) an adventitia, or 3) a media. The vasoconstriction responses of these 3 constructs to endothelin, the most potent vasopressor known up-to-date, as well as to nonselective and selective agonists and antagonists, were compared. The adventitia contracted to endothelin-1, -2, whereas the media and the media+adventitia contracted to all three endothelins. Endothelin-induced contraction of the adventitia was dependent on ET(A) receptors, whereas that of the media and the adventitia+media was ET(A) and ET(B) receptor-dependent. RT-PCR studies corroborated these results. SNP induced a dose-dependent relaxation of the three tissue constructs. We also demonstrated that the endothelin-converting enzyme, responsible for the formation of the active endothelin peptides, was present and functional in the adventitia. In conclusion, this is the first direct demonstration that the adventitia has the capacity to contract and relax in response to vasoactive factors. The present study suggests that the adventitia of a blood vessel could play a greater role than expected in the modulation of blood vessel tone.
Morvan Syndrome and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the Central Nervous System (2020)

This is a first reported case of a patient who was concurrently diagnosed with Morvan syndrome and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the CNS. Additional studies are needed to determine whether aberrantly proliferating B lymphocytes are responsible for the production of Caspr2 antibodies.
A Time and Space Efficient Net Extractor (1986)

We develop an efficient algorithm for net extraction. This algorithm is able to efficiently handle very large layouts even when memory is limited. This is done by effectively using disk storage. The algorithm has been programmed in Fortran and is superior to other existing net extractors.
Effect of Single Oral Doses of Sitagliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, on Incretin and Plasma Glucose Levels after an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

In this study in patients with type 2 diabetes, near maximal glucose-lowering efficacy of sitagliptin after single oral doses was associated with inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity of 80% or greater, corresponding to a plasma sitagliptin concentration of 100 nm or greater, and an augmentation of active GLP-1 and GIP levels of 2-fold or higher after an OGTT.
Highly Magnetic Core–Shell Nanoparticles with a Unique Magnetization Mechanism (2011)

The potent core: A new approach to preparing highly magnetic nanoparticles consisting of a ferromagnetic core (Fe) and an artificial ferrite shell was developed. The monometallic core contributes to high overall magnetization. The superparamagnetic ferrite shell protects the core against oxidation and further increases magnetization while minimizing particle aggregation.
Multi-extract and multi-level dataset of mozilla issue tracking history (2016)

any studies analy e issue trac ing repositories to understand and support software development To facilitate the analyses we share a o illa issue trac ing dataset covering a -year history The dataset includes three e tracts and multiple levels for each e tract The three e tracts were retrieved through two channels a front-end we user interface I and a ac -end o cial data ase dump of o illa ug illa at three di erent times The variations dynamics among e tracts provide space for researchers to reproduce and validate their studies while revealing potential opportunities for studies that otherwise could not e conducted e provide di erent data levels for each e tract ranging from raw data to standardi ed data as well as to the calculated data level for targeting speci c research uestions Data retrieving and processing scripts related to each data level are o ered too y employing the multi-level structure analysts can more e ciently start an in uiry from the standardi ed level and easily trace the data chain when necessary e g to verify if a phenomenon re ected y the data is an actual event e applied this dataset to several pu lished studies and intend to e pand the multi-level and multi-e tract feature to other software engineering datasets.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope (gp120) Binding to DC-SIGN and Primary Dendritic Cells Is Carbohydrate Dependent but Does Not Involve 2G12 or Cyanovirin Binding Sites: Implications for Structural Analyses of gp120-DC-SIGN Binding (2002)

The calcium-dependent lectin, DC-SIGN, binds to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (and simian immunodeficiency virus) gp120 and mediates the binding and transfer of HIV from monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) to permissive T cells. However, it has been recently reported that DC-SIGN binding to HIV gp120 may be carbohydrate independent. Here, we formally demonstrate that gp120 binding to DC-SIGN and MDDCs is largely if not wholly carbohydrate dependent. Endo-beta-N-glucosaminidase H (EndoH) treatment of gp120-Fc under conditions that maintained wild-type CD4 binding-and the full complement of complex glycans-significantly decreased (>90%) binding to DC-SIGN expressing cell lines, as well as to MDDCs. Any residual binding of EndoH-treated gp120-Fc to DC-SIGN was completely competed off with mannan. Mutational analysis indicated that no single glycosylation site affected the ability of gp120-Fc to bind DC-SIGN. To further guide our efforts in mapping the DC-SIGN binding sites on gp120, we used two well-characterized HIV inhibitory agents (2G12 monoclonal antibody and cyanovirin) that bind to high-mannose sugars on gp120. We showed that 2G12 and DC-SIGN bound to nonoverlapping sites in gp120 because (i) 2G12 did not block soluble gp120 or virion binding to DC-SIGN, (ii) 2G12 bound to gp120-Fc that was prebound to cell surface DC-SIGN, and (iii) gp120-Fc mutants that lack glycosylation sites involved in 2G12's epitope were also fully capable of binding DC-SIGN. These data were substantiated by the inability of cyanovirin to block gp120-Fc binding to DC-SIGN. Cyanovirin has been shown to effectively compete for 2G12 binding to gp120. Indeed, high concentrations of cyanovirin dramatically enhanced gp120-Fc binding to cell surfaces in the presence or absence of DC-SIGN. We provide evidence that this enhancement may be due to cyanovirin's ability to bridge gp120 to mannosylated cell surface proteins. These results have implications for antiviral therapeutics and for ongoing efforts to finely map the glycan structures on gp120 responsible for DC-SIGN binding.
Influence of special finishes on denim properties (2015)

This study deals with imparting special effects on denim fabric using novel finishes. Special finishes are applied on desized indigo dyed cotton fabric. Their impacts are evaluated concerning breaking force, spectral characteristics and surface appearance. The results show significant differences among modern special treatments, thus providing important data on the processing of denim. All finishes show decrease in breaking force and cause changes in spectral characteristics of the treated samples. The results indicate that some of them are acceptable only as an effective segment on a garment.
A Reduced Common-Mode-Voltage Pulsewidth Modulation Method With Output Harmonic Distortion Minimization for Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverters (2019)

This article presents a carrier-based pulsewidth modulation (PWM) strategy to reduce the common-mode voltage (CMV) with output harmonic distortion minimization for three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters. The proposed method is first presented for three-level NPC inverters, and then, generalized for odd n-level inverters including NPC and cascaded inverters. With the help of base voltage vectors, the odd n-level space vector diagram can be transformed into a two-level one on which the modulation analysis is conducted This strategy utilizes two zero CMV vectors and one virtual vector, which is the combination of two other vectors with equal duty-split cycle, thereby, reducing the CMV magnitude and suppressing low-frequency components of the CMV. The construction of space vector diagrams with virtual vectors leads to three switching sequences in which one switching sequence gives the best harmonic performance under the harmonic distortion analysis, thereby significantly reducing the output harmonic distortion. Therefore, the proposed reduced CMV PWM strategy achieves zero average CMV in one switching period, and minimized output harmonic distortion in comparison to the existing methods. Simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Design of a memory-access controller with 3.71-times-enhanced energy efficiency for Internet-of-Things-oriented nonvolatile microcontroller unit (2018)

In realizing a nonvolatile microcontroller unit (MCU) for sensor nodes in Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications, it is important to solve the data-transfer bottleneck between the central processing unit (CPU) and the nonvolatile memory constituting the MCU. As one circuit-oriented approach to solving this problem, we propose a memory access minimization technique for magnetoresistive-random-access-memory (MRAM)-embedded nonvolatile MCUs. In addition to multiplexing and prefetching of memory access, the proposed technique realizes efficient instruction fetch by eliminating redundant memory access while considering the code length of the instruction to be fetched and the transition of the memory address to be accessed. As a result, the performance of the MCU can be improved while relaxing the performance requirement for the embedded MRAM, and compact and low-power implementation can be performed as compared with the conventional cache-based one. Through the evaluation using a system consisting of a general purpose 32-bit CPU and embedded MRAM, it is demonstrated that the proposed technique increases the peak efficiency of the system up to 3.71 times, while a 2.29-fold area reduction is achieved compared with the cache-based one.