gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Studies of Dialkynoyl Analogues of DOTAP Demonstrate Improved Gene Transfer Efficiency of Cationic Liposomes in Mouse Lung (2005)

A novel set of dialkynoyl analogues of the cationic, gene delivery lipid DOTAP (1) was synthesized. Structure-activity studies demonstrate that replacement of the cis-double bonds of DOTAP with triple bonds in varying positions alters both the physical properties of the resultant cationic liposome-DNA complexes and their biological functionalities, both in vitro and in vivo. Particularly, in vivo studies demonstrate that pDNA transfection of mouse lung endothelial cells with lead analogue DS(14-yne)TAP (4):cholesterol lipoplexes exhibits double the transfection level with less associated toxicity relative to the well-established DOTAP:cholesterol system. In fact, 4:cholesterol delivers up to 3 times the dose of pDNA in mice than can be tolerated by DOTAP, leading to nearly 3 times greater marker-gene expression. X-ray diffraction studies suggest that lipoplexes containing analogue 4 display increased stability at physiological temperatures. Our results thus suggest that analogue 4 is a potentially strong candidate for the gene therapy of lung tumors.
Faster document navigation with space-filling thumbnails (2006)

Scrolling is the standard way to navigate through many types of digital documents. However, moving more than a few pages can be slow because all scrolling techniques constrain visual search to only a small document region. To improve document navigation, we developed Space-Filling Thumbnails (SFT), an overview display that eliminates most scrolling. SFT provides two views: a standard page view for reading, and a thumbnail view that shows all pages. We tested SFT in three experiments that involved finding pages in documents. The first study (n=13) compared seven current scrolling techniques, and showed that SFT is significantly faster than the other methods. The second and third studies (n=32 and n=14) were detailed comparisons of SFT with thumbnail-enhanced scrollbars (TES), which performed well in the first experiment. SFT was faster than TES across all document types and lengths, particularly when tasks involved revisitation. In addition, SFT was strongly preferred by participants.
Effect of vitamin <scp>C</scp> on the growth of experimentally induced endometriotic cysts (2013)

The dose-dependent vitamin C supplementation significantly reduced the volumes and weights of the endometriotic cysts.
Evidence for Transcriptional Regulation of the Glucose-6-Phosphate Transporter by HIF-1<i>α</i>: Targeting G6PT with Mumbaistatin Analogs in Hypoxic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2008)

Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) markers are expressed on brain tumor-initiating cells involved in the development of hypoxic glioblastoma. Given that MSCs can survive hypoxia and that the glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT) provides metabolic control that contributes to MSC mobilization and survival, we investigated the effects of low oxygen (1.2% O(2)) exposure on G6PT gene expression. We found that MSCs significantly expressed G6PT and the glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit beta, whereas expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit alpha and the islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein was low to undetectable. Analysis of the G6PT promoter sequence revealed potential binding sites for hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its dimerization partner, the AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT), AhR:ARNT. In agreement with this, hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride induced the expression of G6PT, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and HIF-1alpha. Gene silencing of HIF-1alpha prevented G6PT and VEGF induction in hypoxic MSCs whereas generation of cells stably expressing HIF-1alpha resulted in increased endogenous G6PT gene expression. A semisynthetic analog of the polyketide mumbaistatin, a potent G6PT inhibitor, specifically reduced MSC-HIF-1alpha cell survival. Collectively, our data suggest that G6PT may account for the metabolic flexibility that enables MSCs to survive under conditions characterized by hypoxia and could be specifically targeted within developing tumors.
Quantitative phase imaging unit (2014)

A simple and cost-effective method is presented for quantitative phase imaging. A common-path lateral phase shifting interferometer is realized through attaching a compact filter set to the output port of an existing microscope. The working principles, design criteria, and limitations are also derived and explained. In order to demonstrate the capability and applicability of the method, the optical phase images of a microsphere and individual human red blood cells are measured with high stability.
Simulcast packet transmission in ad hoc networks (2005)

In previous work, unequal error-protection techniques have been applied to improve the throughput of a wireless communication system in which a transmission is received by several radios with different capabilities. For instance, these capabilities may correspond to differences in path loss, fading, or interference. By taking advantage of the broadcast nature of the channel, additional messages for the more-capable receivers can be included on transmissions to the less-capable receivers at very little cost (in terms of required energy at the transmitter or error probabilities at the receivers). This technique has been termed simulcasting or multicast signaling. In this paper, we consider the use of these techniques in an ad hoc network. These techniques impact the link throughput, end-to-end throughput, and network connectivity. We investigate how the choice of parameters for the simulcasting technique affects these network performance metrics. The results indicate that a properly chosen simulcasting technique can improve the link and end-to-end throughput in wireless ad hoc networks with only a slight degradation in other metrics, such as network connectivity.
Starvation Improves Survival of Bacteria Introduced into Activated Sludge (2000)

A phenol-degrading bacterium, Ralstonia eutropha E2, was grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium or in an inorganic medium (called MP) supplemented with phenol and harvested at the late-exponential-growth phase. Phenol-acclimated activated sludge was inoculated with the E2 cells immediately after harvest or after starvation in MP for 2 or 7 days. The densities of the E2 populations in the activated sludge were then monitored by quantitative PCR. The E2 cells grown on phenol and starved for 2 days (P-2 cells) survived in the activated sludge better than those treated differently: the population density of the P-2 cells 7 days after their inoculation was 50 to 100 times higher than the population density of E2 cells without starvation or that with 7-day starvation. LB medium-grown cells either starved or nonstarved were rapidly eliminated from the sludge. The P-2 cells showed a high cell surface hydrophobicity and retained metabolic activities. Cells otherwise prepared did not have one of these two features. From these observations, it is assumed that hydrophobic cell surface and metabolic activities higher than certain levels were required for the inoculated bacteria to survive in the activated sludge. Reverse transcriptase PCR analyses showed that the P-2 cells initiated the expression of phenol hydroxylase within 1 day of their inoculation into the sludge. These results suggest the utility of a short starvation treatment for improving the efficacy of bioaugumentation.
A Review of Recent Advances and Security Challenges in Emerging E-Enabled Aircraft Systems (2019)

The continuing increase in air traffic, along with airline operators gradually adopting IP-based network technologies, has led to the transformational concept of e-Enabled or “connected” aircraft. This new framework envisions a single aeronautical communications architecture connecting across the entire spectrum of the aviation sector. However, due to the complex and multidimensional nature of aviation operations, no single technology can achieve the above goal. Instead, building an integrated system which uses multiple communication protocols and architectures, as well as cloud computing and big data analytics, is the most promising way forward. Hence this paper surveys the latest trends in emerging network communication systems for commercial aviation. A range of cyber-threats is then identified for the e-Enabled aircraft paradigm, followed by discussions on related solution methodologies. Note that the topics related to military aviation security are not considered here.
RETRACTED: Food image segmentation using edge adaptive based deep-CNNs (2020)

Purpose Indian food recognition can be considered as a case of fine-grained type visual recognition, where the several photos of same category generally have significant variability. Therefore, effective segmentation and classification technique is required to identify the particular cuisines and fine-grained analysis. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors provided an effective segmentation approach through the proposed edge adaptive (EA)-deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) model, where each input images are divided into patches in order to provide much efficient and accurate structural description of data. Findings EA-DCNNs starts with developing a coarse map of feature that obtained through DCNN, afterwards EA model is applied to construct the final segmented image. Originality/value The training model of EA-DCNN consists of pooling, rectified linear unit and convolution, which help convolutional network to optimize the performance of segmentation in a significant extent, which is much practical and relevant in the context of food image segmentation.
High-speed three-wave polarimeter-interferometer diagnostic for Madison symmetric torus (2006)

A high-speed three-wave polarimeter-interferometer diagnostic has been developed on the Madison symmetric torus reversed field pinch to provide simultaneous measurement of electron density and poloidal magnetic field profile evolution. With increased digitizer bandwidth, polarimetry noise due to aliasing and cross-talk is minimized, and time response improved. System performance is demonstrated by measurements of equilibrium profile evolution during fast events such as the sawtooth crash and pellet injection.
Enhanced degradation of collagen within apical vs. basal wall of ovulatory ovine follicle (1992)

Electron microscopic examination of ovulatory ovine follicles indicated that dissolution of thecal collagen was enhanced along the follicular circumference adjacent to the ovarian serosa. Concentrations of hydroxyproline were correspondingly lower within apical than basal tissues. Collagenolytic activity of tissue homogenates and extracts was assessed by monitoring radioactive peptide release from cocultured collagen fibrils. Collagenase inhibitors were separated from enzyme by sequential extraction of follicular homogenates with detergent and heating. Enzymatic activities of homogenates and heat extracts of apical and basal tissues increased toward ovulation. A distinction between apex and base was not attributed to significant differences in homogenates; however, collagenolytic activity of heat extracts of apical tissue was selectively elevated (i.e., extraction was evidently required to effectively dissociate collagenase from thecal fibrils, making more enzyme available for substrate digestion). Activity of detergent extracts was restored by dithiothreitol and iodoacetamide (which inactivate tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases), and collagenolysis induced by heat extracts was augmented by aminophenylmercuric acetate (a stimulator of latent collagenases). Nonetheless, variations between apex and base invoked by these compounds were relative. It therefore appears that active collagenase is more tightly bound within the extracellular matrix of the follicular apex than enzyme associated with basal tissue. This phenomenon might serve to preferentially favor enzymatic catabolism of collagen in that region, thereby dictating the ovarian site of follicular rupture.
Predictors of Loss of Lung Function in the Elderly (2001)

Pulmonary function, as measured by spirometry (FEV1 or FVC), is an important independent predictor of morbidity and mortality in elderly persons. In this study we examined the predictors of longitudinal decline in lung function for participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). The CHS was started in 1990 as a population-based observational study of cardiovascular disease in elderly persons. Spirometry testing was conducted at baseline, 4 and 7 yr later. The data were analyzed using a random effects model (REM) including an AR(1) error structure. There were 5,242 subjects (57.6% female, mean age 73 yr, 87.5% white and 12.5% African-American) with eligible FEV1 measures representing 89% of the baseline cohort. The REM results showed that African-Americans had significantly lower spirometry levels than whites but that their rate of decline with age was significantly less. Subjects reporting congestive heart failure (CHF), high systolic blood pressure (> 160 mm Hg), or taking beta-blockers had significantly lower spirometry levels; however, the effects of high blood pressure and taking beta-blockers diminished with increasing age. Chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, and asthma were associated with reduced spirometry levels. The most notable finding of these analyses was that current smoking (especially for men) was associated with more rapid rates of decline in FVC and FEV1. African-Americans (especially women) had slower rates of decline in FEV1 than did whites. Although participants with current asthma had a mean 0.5 L lower FEV1 at their baseline examination, they did not subsequently experience more rapid declines in FEV1.
Amyloid beta-protein and lipid rafts focused on biogenesis and catabolism (2015)

Cerebral accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is thought to play a key role in the molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Three secretases (β-, γ-, and α-secretase) are proteases that control the production of Aβ from amyloid precursor protein. Increasing evidence suggests that cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains termed 'lipid rafts' are involved in the biogenesis and accumulation of Aβ as well as Aβ-mediated neurotoxicity. γ-Secretase is enriched in lipid rafts, which are considered an important site for Aβ generation. Additionally, Aβ-degrading peptidases located in lipid rafts, such as neprilysin, appear to play a role in Aβ catabolism. This mini-review focuses on the roles of lipid rafts in the biogenesis and catabolism of Aβ, covering recent research on the relationship between lipid rafts and the three secretases or Aβ-degrading peptidases. Furthermore, the significance of lipid rafts in Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity is briefly summarized.
An integrated voice/data system for mobile indoor radio networks using multiple transmission rate (2003)

A centralized, integrated voice/data radio network for indoor fading multipath radio channels is proposed and analyzed. It can operate as a stand-alone system or as a cell in a cellular network. The packets of voice and data in the uplink are integrated through a movable-boundary framed-polling protocol to optimize the throughput of the data traffic for a given number of voice terminals. The down link is a simple TDM (time division multiplexing) system. The system dynamically switches between two transmission rates and uses multiple antennas to maximize the throughput in the fading multipath indoor channel. Using three different techniques, the throughput and delay characteristic of the system are analyzed. A simple equation is given to provide an approximate relation between the number of voice users, the data traffic with less than 10-ms delay, and the average transmission rate of the system. The results are compared with those of Monte Carlo computer simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Opposed-Phase MRI for Fat Quantification in Fat-Water Phantoms with <sup>1</sup>H MR Spectroscopy to Resolve Ambiguity of Fat or Water Dominance (2006)

The fat fraction calculated with opposed-phase imaging (FF(OPI)) and that calculated with 1H MRS (FF(MRS)) correlated well with the known fat fractions of the phantoms (FF(P)): r = 0.99 for FF(OPI); p < 0.0001 and r = 0.96-0.98 for FF(MRS); p < 0.001, for observers 2 and 3, respectively. Opposed-phase imaging should be combined with 1H MRS to ensure accurate quantification of the fat fraction.
Bias-controlled chemical vapor deposition of diamond thin films (1990)

The growth of diamond films on (001) Si substrates by bias-controlled chemical vapor deposition is described. The film quality as judged by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy depends strongly on the biasing conditions. Under low current reverse bias conditions, highly facetted cubo-octahedral diamond growth exhibiting a single sharp Raman line at 1332 cm−1 was obtained, while biasing in high current conditions which created a plasma resulted in multiply twinned, microcrystalline growth incorporating sp2-bonded carbon into the diamond film.
6LoWPAN fragmentation attacks and mitigation mechanisms (2013)

6LoWPAN is an IPv6 adaptation layer that defines mechanisms to make IP connectivity viable for tightly resource-constrained devices that communicate over low power, lossy links such as IEEE 802.15.4. It is expected to be used in a variety of scenarios ranging from home automation to industrial control systems. To support the transmission of IPv6 packets exceeding the maximum frame size of the link layer, 6LoWPAN defines a packet fragmentation mechanism. However, the best effort semantics for fragment transmissions, the lack of authentication at the 6LoWPAN layer, and the scarce memory resources of the networked devices render the design of the fragmentation mechanism vulnerable.
Protein Protected Fat for Ruminants. IV. Plasma Lipid, Insulin and Depot Fat Composition of Lambs (1978)

Fourteen crossbred lambs with an average weight of 29.4 kg were utilized to determine the influence of the nature and amount of dietary lipid intake on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the plasma lipid, carcass depot fats and plasma insulin levels. Formaldehyde treated casein-cottonseed oil (PCO) was supplemented at the rate of 8% (three lambs) and 12% (three lambs). Two groups of four lamb each were assigned to diets containing no added fat (control) and 8% unprotected cottonseed oil (8% CO). Dietary lipid supplementation was effective in elevating (P<.05) the lipid levels of the blood. No difference (P>.05) in plasma insulin levels were detected between the four diets. Oil supplementation increased (P<.05) the concentration of linoleic acid in the four plasma lipid fractions: cholesterol esters, phospho-lipids, free fatty acids and triglycerides. Although not always statistically significant, the content of total unsaturates tended to increase (P<.05) in all plasma fractions. Subcutaneous fat biopsies obtained from the tailhead region at 0, 14, 42 and 84 days on feed revealed that the type of dietary fat fed was effective in altering the type of fatty acids deposited subcutaneously. Feeding cottonseed oil protected from rumen fermentation elevated the linoleic acid levels of subcutaneous fat, but the total unsaturated fatty acid levels were not different between diets.
Hot carrier solar cells operating under practical conditions (2009)

We theoretically investigated the features of hot carrier solar cells, from which photogenerated carriers are extracted before they are completely thermalized. There are three channels of energy dissipation from photogenerated carriers that lowers the conversion efficiency: thermalization in the absorber, emission from the absorber, and thermodynamically unavoidable heat flux to the ambient. The emission increases with increasing carrier density in the absorber, whereas the heat flux decreases. Previous calculations of the conversion efficiency have been carried out under the supposition of no thermalization of carriers. In this case, the dominant process of energy dissipation is the emission, like conventional solar cells represented by the Shockley and Queisser formula. In practice, the carriers should be extracted to external circuits immediately after photogeneration because they are partially thermalized. This restriction leads to a much smaller carrier density and consequently more significant energy dissipation by heat flux, whereas the influence of the emission is negligible. As a result, the conversion efficiency is considerably lower than the values under the supposition of no thermalization. To suppress the heat flux to improve conversion efficiency, a smaller effective electron mass and a higher carrier temperature are required, as well as more intense irradiation. When the effective electron mass is much smaller than that of holes, the thermalization of holes has little influence on lowering the conversion efficiency.
Multicenter study of whole-blood creatinine, total carbon dioxide content, and chemistry profiling for laboratory and point-of-care testing in critical care in the United States (2000)

Objectives To introduce a creatinine biosensor and a total carbon dioxide content (TCO2) method for whole-blood measurements, to evaluate the clinical performance of a new transportable analyzer that simultaneously performs these two and six other tests (Na+, K+, Cl−, glucose, urea nitrogen, and hematocrit), and to assess the potential of the new analyzer for point-of-care testing in critical care by comparing results obtained by nonlaboratory personnel and by medical technologists. Design Multicenter sites compared whole-blood measurements with the transportable analyzer to plasma measurements from the same specimens with local reference instruments. One site compared whole-blood results produced by nonlaboratory personnel vs. medical technologists and evaluated day-to-day and within-day precision at the point of care. Settings and Patients Four medical centers in the United States. Venous and arterial specimens from 710 critically ill patients with a variety of diagnoses. Point-of-care testing in the emergency room and operating room. Results The linear regression analyses at the four medical centers showed the following: creatinine (a) slope, 0.91 to 1.22, (b) y intercept, −0.07 to 0.15 mg/dL, and (c) r2, 0.77 to 1.00; and TCO2: (a) slope, 0.64 to 1.00, (b) y intercept, 1.36 to 9.6 mmol/L, and (c) r2, 0.52 to 0.72 (yi, whole-blood analyses; xi, plasma reference measurements). Bland-Altman plots also were used to assess multicenter creatinine and TCO2 results. Of the other analytes, K+, glucose, and urea nitrogen had the highest r2-values. For the eight chemistry profile tests performed at the point of care (yi, nonlaboratory personnel results; xi, medical technologist results), the average value of r2 was 0.96 (sd 0.08) in the operating room and 0.96 (sd 0.06) in the emergency room, and mean paired differences (yi − xi) were not statistically or clinically significant. Precision was acceptable. Conclusions The performance of the creatinine biosensor and the TCO2 method was acceptable for whole-blood samples. Comparisons of whole-blood results from the transportable analyzer and plasma results from the local reference instruments revealed analyte biases that may be attributed to differences between direct whole-blood analyses and indirect-diluted plasma measurements and other factors. Performance of nonlaboratory personnel and medical technologists was equivalent for point-of-care testing in critical care settings. The whole-blood analyzer should be useful when patient care demands immediate results.