gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Stimulates the Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 through Activation of NF-κB and pp38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (2004)

Expression of mutant proteins or viral infection may interfere with proper protein folding activity in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Several pathways that maintain cellular homeostasis were activated in response to these ER disturbances. Here we investigated which of these ER stress-activated pathways induce COX-2 and potentially oncogenesis. Tunicamycin and brefeldin A, two ER stress inducers, increased the expression of COX-2 in ML-1 or MCF-7 cells. Nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and activation of pp38 MAPK were observed during ER stress. IkappaBalpha kinase inhibitor Bay 11-7082 or IkappaBalpha kinase dominant negative mutant significantly inhibited the induction of COX-2. pp38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or eIF2alpha phosphorylation inhibitor 2-aminopurine attenuated the nuclear NF-kappaB DNA binding activity and COX-2 induction. Expression of mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) large surface proteins, inducers of ER stress, enhanced the expression of COX-2 in ML-1 and HuH-7 cells. Transgenic mice showed higher expression of COX-2 protein in liver and kidney tissue expressing mutant HBV large surface protein in vivo. Similarly, increased expression of COX-2 mRNA was observed in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue expressing mutant HBV large surface proteins. In ML-1 cells expressing mutant HBV large surface protein, anchorage-independent growth was enhanced, and the enhancement was abolished by the addition of specific COX-2 inhibitors. Thus, ER stress due either to expression of viral surface proteins or drugs can stimulate the expression of COX-2 through the NF-kappaB and pp38 kinase pathways. Our results provide important insights into cellular carcinogenesis associated with latent endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Pharmacological Activation of Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors for the Small GTPase Rap1 Recruits High-Affinity β <sub>1</sub> Integrins as Coreceptors for Parvovirus B19: Improved <i>Ex Vivo</i> Gene Transfer to Human Erythroid Progenitor Cells (2009)

Parvovirus B19 has potential as a gene therapy vector because of its restricted tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. B19 binds to the cell surface through P antigen and we identified activated beta(1) integrins as coreceptors for internalization. Because differentiation with phorbol ester induces beta(1) integrin coreceptor activity, but cell differentiation is not desirable in gene transfer to human progenitor cells and one of the downstream effectors of phorbol esters is the small GTPase Rap1, the role of Rap1 in the recruitment of beta(1) integrins on hematopoietic cells was examined. Expression of a constitutively active Rap1 (63E) was sufficient to recruit beta(1) integrin coreceptors in erythroleukemic K562 cells by inducing high-affinity integrin conformation. A crucial role of actin polymerization in Rap1-mediated beta(1) integrin recruitment was documented by complete inhibition of the 63E Rap1 effect with low-dose cytochalasin D and by the ability of a constitutively active mutant of the actin cytoskeleton regulator Rac1 to sensitize K562 cells to the pharmacological activation of endogenous Rap1, using the Rap1 exchange factor-specific 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP [8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2'-O-methyladenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate]. Interestingly, in primary human erythroid progenitor cells, 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP was sufficient to significantly increase B19-mediated gene transfer, suggesting that these cells possess the cytoskeleton organization capacity required for efficient recruitment of beta(1) integrins by brief pharmacological stimulation of Rap1 GTP loading. Because 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP has been implicated in enhanced homing of progenitor cells, these results identify a novel tool with which to optimize ex vivo B19-mediated gene transfer and potentially improve homing of transduced cells by Rap1-beta(1) integrin activation with 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP.
Fundamentals of microbiology (1974)

Fundamentals of microbiology , Fundamentals of microbiology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
CompTIA A+ Certification Study Guide (Exams 220-801 & 220-802) (2012)

Featuring hundreds of practice questions and hands-on exercises, this authoritative guide covers what you need to know - and shows you how to prepare - for the challenging CompTIA A+ exams.
Electrostatic batch assembly of surface MEMS using ultrasonic triboelectricity (2002)

In this paper we present a novel method for batch assembly of polysilicon hinged structures. The method uses ultrasonic vibrations generated with an attached piezoelectric actuator to vibrate polysilicon plates on silicon nitride or polysilicon surfaces. We believe that the rubbing between the substrate and the structures creates contact electrification charge that results in hinged flaps to be stabilized vertically on the substrate at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the ultrasonic triboelectricity is shown to be the most likely explanation due to the observed "memory effect" in which assembly occurs even without further ultrasonic actuation after the initial ultrasonic assembly. This method has been used to batch assemble an array of hinged flaps, retroreflectors, and plates with retaining springs.
Modulation of chemotherapy resistance in regional therapy: a novel therapeutic approach to advanced extremity melanoma using intra-arterial temozolomide in combination with systemic<i>O</i>6-benzylguanine (2006)

This study investigated whether the therapeutic index of regional melanoma therapy using parenteral temozolomide could be improved by chemomodulation with O6-benzylguanine (O6BG), an inhibitor of the DNA repair enzyme O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). Using a nude rat s.c. human melanoma xenograft model of the extremity, tumors were analyzed for AGT level 2 to 3 hours after the i.p. injection of 3.5 to 70.0 mg/kg O6BG to inhibit AGT activity. Survival studies were conducted using animals that were treated with a 15-minute isolated limb infusion with 10% DMSO in PBS (control), temozolomide alone, or temozolomide in conjunction with single or multiple doses of i.p. O6BG. Tumor volume and toxicity level were monitored every other day. Administration of 3.5 mg/kg O6BG depleted tumor AGT activity by 93.5% (P < 0.01). Groups treated with regional temozolomide alone (350 mg/kg), systemic temozolomide with O6BG, or vehicle combined with O6BG showed no significant tumor responses compared with controls. Whereas use of regional temozolomide alone at a higher dose (750 mg/kg) showed some degree of tumor response, regional temozolomide given in conjunction with multiple dosages of O6BG showed a marked (P < 0.01) reduction in tumor growth with minimal toxicity. Our findings suggest that AGT modulation by the administration of O6BG in combination with temozolomide regional chemotherapy leads to a significant improvement in melanoma antitumor responses. Clinical trials using chemotherapy modulation may improve response rates in future regional infusion and perfusion drug trials.
pH Regulates Genes for Flagellar Motility, Catabolism, and Oxidative Stress in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (2004)

Gene expression profiles of Escherichia coli K-12 W3110 were compared as a function of steady-state external pH. Cultures were grown to an optical density at 600 nm of 0.3 in potassium-modified Luria-Bertani medium buffered at pH 5.0, 7.0, and 8.7. For each of the three pH conditions, cDNA from RNA of five independent cultures was hybridized to Affymetrix E. coli arrays. Analysis of variance with an alpha level of 0.001 resulted in 98% power to detect genes showing a twofold difference in expression. Normalized expression indices were calculated for each gene and intergenic region (IG). Differential expression among the three pH classes was observed for 763 genes and 353 IGs. Hierarchical clustering yielded six well-defined clusters of pH profiles, designated Acid High (highest expression at pH 5.0), Acid Low (lowest expression at pH 5.0), Base High (highest at pH 8.7), Base Low (lowest at pH 8.7), Neutral High (highest at pH 7.0, lower in acid or base), and Neutral Low (lowest at pH 7.0, higher at both pH extremes). Flagellar and chemotaxis genes were repressed at pH 8.7 (Base Low cluster), where the cell's transmembrane proton potential is diminished by the maintenance of an inverted pH gradient. High pH also repressed the proton pumps cytochrome o (cyo) and NADH dehydrogenases I and II. By contrast, the proton-importing ATP synthase F1Fo and the microaerophilic cytochrome d (cyd), which minimizes proton export, were induced at pH 8.7. These observations are consistent with a model in which high pH represses synthesis of flagella, which expend proton motive force, while stepping up electron transport and ATPase components that keep protons inside the cell. Acid-induced genes, on the other hand, were coinduced by conditions associated with increased metabolic rate, such as oxidative stress. All six pH-dependent clusters included envelope and periplasmic proteins, which directly experience external pH. Overall, this study showed that (i) low pH accelerates acid consumption and proton export, while coinducing oxidative stress and heat shock regulons; (ii) high pH accelerates proton import, while repressing the energy-expensive flagellar and chemotaxis regulons; and (iii) pH differentially regulates a large number of periplasmic and envelope proteins.
Evaluation of signaling loads in 3GPP networks (2008)

3GPP Release 5 is the first step toward an all-IP cellular network. While Release 99 is still heavily based on a core network inherited from 2G networks, Release 5 introduces a new core network architecture based on IETF protocols. In particular, SIP is used for initiating, managing, and terminating media sessions. However, the use of SIP can result in a significant increase of the signaling and computational loads inside the core network, due to its larger message size and increased requirements on network nodes. This article compares the core network signaling loads of 3GPP Release 99 and Release 5, and elaborates on possible enhancements to improve the bandwidth efficiency of the signaling in Release 5.
Meeting Mania (1994)

With health care reform rising to the top of our nation's political agenda, the burgeoning costs of the nonclinical aspects of patient care are finally coming under scrutiny1. Most of the focus is properly being directed toward paperwork, malpractice, and unnecessary services. Less attention is being devoted to a more insidious and pervasive requirement for physicians: attendance at meetings, the frequency of which appears to be increasing at a logarithmic rate.Meeting mania, a rampant phenomenon of the 1990s, occurs in all fields of endeavor, wherever people in white collars or power suits congregate. “Sorry, he/she is in a . . .
Mechanisms of nanoparticle-mediated photomechanical cell damage (2012)

Laser-assisted killing of gold nanoparticle targeted macrophages was investigated. Using pressure transient detection, flash photography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, we studied the mechanism of single cell damage by vapor bubble formation around gold nanospheres induced by nanosecond laser pulses. The influence of the number of irradiating laser pulses and of particle size and concentration on the threshold for acute cell damage was determined. While the single pulse damage threshold is independent of the particle size, the threshold decreases with increasing particle size when using trains of pulses. The dependence of the cell damage threshold on the nanoparticle concentration during incubation reveals that particle accumulation and distribution inside the cell plays a key role in tissue imaging or cell damaging.
Orion 2.0 (2008)

Orion is a state-of-the-art uncertain database management system with built-in support for probabilistic data as first class data types. In contrast to other uncertain databases, Orion supports both attribute and tuple uncertainty with arbitrary correlations. This enables the database engine to handle both discrete and continuous pdfs in a natural and accurate manner. The underlying model is closed under the basic relational operators and is consistent with Possible Worlds Semantics. We demonstrate how Orion simplifies the design and enhances the capabilities of two example applications: managing sensor data (continuous uncertainty) and inferring missing values (discrete uncertainty).
Learning Boolean formulas (1994)

Efficient distribution-free learning of Boolean formulas from positive and negative examples is considered. It is shown that classes of formulas that are efficiently learnable from only positive examples or only negative examples have certain closure properties. A new substitution technique is used to show that in the distribution-free case learning DNF (disjunctive normal form formulas) is no harder than learning monotone DNF. We prove that monomials cannot be efficiently learned from negative examples alone, even if the negative examples are uniformly distributed. It is also shown that, if the examples are drawn from uniform distributions, then the class of DNF in which each variable occurs at most once is efficiently weakly learnable (i.e., individual examples are correctly classified with a probability larger than 1/2 + 1/ p , where p is a polynomial in the relevant parameters of the learning problem). We then show an equivalence between the notion of weak learning and the notion of group learning , where a group of examples of polynomial size, either all positive or all negative, must be correctly classified with high probability.
In situ PHIP-NMR studies during the stereoselective hydrogenation of sorbic acid with a [Cp*Ru]+ catalyst (2000)

We report mechanistic studies on the homogeneously catalyzed stereoselective hydrogenation of sorbic acid (trans,trans-2,4-hexadienoic acid) using the catalyst [Cp*Ru(η4-CH3CHCHCHCHCO2H)][CF3SO3]. The application of para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) NMR spectroscopy was found very useful for this investigation, since it allows us to investigate the hydrogenation mechanism of the reaction in situ, i.e. without disturbing the reaction for product analysis, e.g. via gas chromatography. Additionally, the reaction takes place under initial kinetic conditions without any product inhibition. These in situ PHIP-NMR investigations proved the exclusive formation of cis-3-hexenoic acid as the primary hydrogenation product via a 1,4-addition of the dihydrogen to the sorbic acid's diene system. Any other mechanism for the formation of cis-3-hexenoic acid can be excluded. trans-3-Hexenoic acid is formed by a subsequent rearrangement reaction of the cis product, and all other reduced products are only obtained if the reaction is continued until total conversion of the starting material sorbic acid is reached. The conclusions are supported by simulated PHIP-NMR spectra. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cytotoxic effect of two chemotypes of essential oils from the fruits of Angelica archangelica L. (2005)

The cytotoxic activity of the essential oils was independent of the quantity of their main components.
Structural complexity of Y chromosome heterochromatin. (1988)

Following a standard C-banding procedure early metaphase chromosomes demonstrate a discontinuous distribution of heterochromatin in the long arm of the human Y chromosome. The discrete blocks of heterochromatin can be shown to be separated into nonrepeating sequences by in situ hybridization using probe pHY 2.1. The number of heterochromatin blocks vary from person to person.
Effect of the Coupling of Different Ionospheric Regions on the Nighttime F Region Irregularities in Mid‐Latitude (2000)

Abstract The formation and evolution of ionospheric irregularities are closely connected with the instabilities of ionospheric plasma. However, no much consideration of the coupling between upper and lower parts of the ionosphere has ever been taken so far in the study of such instabilities in mid‐ and low‐latitudes. In this paper, a full discussion was presented on the roles played by the existence of both E region Pedersen and Hall conductivity and F region Pedersen conductivity. A complete, common expression of ionospheric plasma gradient‐drift instability under such a coupling was deduced for mid‐ and low‐latitudes based on a three‐layer model developed earlier only for high latitude area. With this model, the observed phenomenon that in some places, the instability occurrence rate is higher in top F region than in the bottom‐side can be explained well. Besides, the model also shows that the evolution of nighttime F region gradient‐drift instability will be slowed down due to the coupling between E and F regions and make the instability growth rate vary with directions in mid‐latitude. It is concluded that the development of gradient‐drift instability in nighttime F region not only depends on the local conditions, but also affected by state of E region that is connected to F region with the same geomagnetic field lines.
The DOL 401(k) Guidelines (1996)

Companies can meet the DOL standard for providing 401 (k) participants with "sufficient information" while avoiding becoming liable for any investment losses.
2-Octynoic Acid Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Infection through Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (2013)

Many chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with current therapy do not clear the virus. It is necessary to find novel treatments. The effect of 2-octynoic acid (2-OA) on HCV infection in human hepatocytes was examined. The mechanism of 2-OA antiviral activity was explored. Our data showed that 2-OA abrogated lipid accumulation in HCV replicon cells and virus-infected hepatocytes. It suppressed HCV RNA replication and infectious virus production with no cytotoxicity to the host cells. 2-OA did not affect hepatitis B virus replication in HepG2.2.15 cells derived from HepG2 cells transfected with full genome of HBV. Further study demonstrated that 2-OA activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited acetyl-CoA carboxylase in viral-infected cells. Compound C, a specific inhibitor of AMPK, inhibited AMPK activity and reversed the reduction of intracellular lipid accumulation and the antiviral effect of 2-OA. Knockdown of AMPK expression by RNA interference abolished the activation of AMPK by 2-OA and blocked 2-OA antiviral activity. Interestingly, 2-OA induced interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and inhibited microRNA-122 (miR-122) expression in virus-infected hepatocytes. MiR-122 overexpression reversed the antiviral effect of 2-OA. Furthermore, knockdown of AMPK expression reversed both the induction of ISGs and suppression of miR-122 by 2-OA, implying that activated AMPK induces the intracellular innate response through the induction of ISGs and inhibiting miR-122 expression. 2-OA inhibits HCV infection through regulation of innate immune response by activated AMPK. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which active AMPK inhibits HCV infection. 2-OA and its derivatives hold promise for novel drug development for chronic hepatitis C.
Field trial for autistic disorder in DSM-IV (1994)

The resulting convergence of the DSM-IV and ICD-10 systems should facilitate both research and clinical service.
A numerical study on the effect of a fire shutter and smoke curtain on smoke ventilation in a fire disaster at a subway station (2013)

Welcome to the WIT Press eLibrary - the home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute collection, providing on-line access to papers presented at the Institute's prestigious international conferences and from its State-of-the-Art in Science & Engineering publications.
Methodology for development and employment of ontology based knowledge management applications (2002)

In this article we illustrate a methodology for introducing and maintaining ontology based knowledge management applications into enterprises with a focus on Knowledge Processes and Knowledge Meta Processes. While the former process circles around the usage of ontologies, the latter process guides their initial set up. We illustrate our methodology by an example from a case study on skills management.
Fluorescent in situ Detection of Encephalitozoon hellem Spores with a 6‐Carboxyfluorescein‐Labeled Ribosomal RNA‐Targeted Oligonucleotide Probe (2000)

A fluorescent in situ hybridization assay has been developed for the detection of the human-pathogenic microsporidian, Encephalitozoon hellem in water samples using epifluorescence microscopy. The assay employs a 19-nucleotide species-specific 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled oligonucleotide probe, HEL878F, designed to be complementary to the nucleic acid sequence 878-896, a highly variable segment of the 16S ribosomal RNA of E. hellem spores. The specificity of this probe for its ribosomal RNA target site was confirmed using RNA degradation, ribosomal RNA target site competition, and nucleotide base mismatch control probe assays. Furthermore, the specificity of the HEL878F oligonucleotide probe for E. hellem spores was established when it was evaluated on spores from all three species of the genus Encephalitozoon that had been seeded in reagent water and environmental water concentrates. The specificity of the HEL878F oligonucleotide probe was further corroborated when tested on algae, bacteria, and protozoa commonly found in environmental water. The study demonstrates the applicability of a fluorescent in situ hybridization assay using a species-specific fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotide probe for the detection of E. hellem spores in water samples.
A Hierarchical Model of Dynamics for Tracking People witha Single Video Camera (2000)

We propose a novel hierarchical model of human dynamics for view independent tracking of the human body in monocular video sequences. The model is trained using real data from a collection of people. Kinematics are encoded using Hierarchical Principal Component Analysis, and dynamics are encoded using Hidden Markov Models. The top of the hierarchy contains information about the whole body. The lower levels of the hierarchy contain more detailed information about possible poses of some subpart of the body. When tracking, the lower levels of the hierarchy are shown to improve accuracy. In this article we describe our model and present experiments that show we can recover 3D skeletons from 2D images in a view independent manner, and also track people the system was not trained on.
Integration of a Time-of-Flight Camera into a Mixed Reality System for Handling Dynamic Scenes, Moving Viewpoints and Occlusions in Real-Time (2008)

We present a novel approach to mixed reality applications. The key characteristics of the presented system are the use of a automatically generated static environment model and a time-of-flight camera device. The combination of both allows the correct handling of mutual occlusion between real and virtual content on the fly, which is not possible with the currently applied approaches. Typically expensive studio setups with complex camera tracking installations and multi-camera approaches in combination with chroma-keying facilities are used. Our system is rather inexpensive, compact, mobile, flexible and provides convenient calibration procedures. The use of a background model not only eliminates the need for chroma-keying in mixed reality production, it moreover supports planing and alignment of virtual content. Based on depth information the system is generating appropriate depth maps in realtime, making the approach suitable for 3D-TV productions. The presented paper discusses all key elements of mixedreality applications based on our approach. This includes camera pose tracking, correct real-time handling between interacting virtual and real content and the fast environment model building. 1.