gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet‐reactive IgG antibodies cloned by phage display and panning with IVIG from three patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (1999)

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) is a severe disease in children with a still unknown aetiology. It is not known why AITP can either be transient and self limiting or become chronic. The beneficial use of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in certain groups of AITP patients has been proven. It is, however, not clear how IVIG functions. To analyse patient-derived monoclonal IgG platelet autoantibodies that interact with IVIG in an anti-idiotypic manner, the combinatorial antibody phage display system was applied. From three different patients a large number of clones specifically reacting with IVIG molecules were derived. Many of these IVIG binders also reacted strongly with platelets in ELISA and FACS, in contrast to IVIG binders derived from a healthy individual. The heavy and light chain variable regions were sequenced and compared with each other and with databases. In all three AITP patients clones with a striking complementarity-determining region (CDR) sequence homology to each other and to many of the known anti-platelet antibodies were observed. Selected Fab-phages representing the characteristic variable regions that occurred in the investigated patients with AITP may now be used to clone potentially regulatory anti-idiotypes from healthy donors by phage display.
Graph-based word clustering using a web search engine (2006)

Word clustering is important for automatic thesaurus construction, text classification, and word sense disambiguation. Recently, several studies have reported using the web as a corpus. This paper proposes an unsupervised algorithm for word clustering based on a word similarity measure by web counts. Each pair of words is queried to a search engine, which produces a co-occurrence matrix. By calculating the similarity of words, a word cooccurrence graph is obtained. A new kind of graph clustering algorithm called Newman clustering is applied for efficiently identifying word clusters. Evaluations are made on two sets of word groups derived from a web directory and WordNet.
SIP based IPTV architecture for heterogeneous networks (2009)

This paper presents an IPTV service architecture using Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for session and media control and based on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) concept.
Dislocations and Physical Properties of Polymer Crystals (1970)

どんな結晶の物性も,その中の欠陥,特に転位を除外して語ることはできない。結晶の緩和現象,塑性変形,熱処理効果,再結晶などにおいて転位が重要な役割を占める.高分子の転位論はまだ生れてから10年程度にすぎない.1960年代においては主としてその直接観察,およびその形態の定性的な推定において,大きな発展を見た.1970年代には,より定量的な研究が,転位のひずみエネルギー,その可逆的な運動と緩和現象,非可逆的な運動と塑性変形,熱処理,再結晶との関係などの面で大きく発展するであろう.われわれの研究室では昨年数人のグループで高分子の転位について集中的なコロキウムの機会をもった.そこでいろいろの論交などを勉強していくうちにいろいろの考えが浮んだ.ここに記するのはそのとき諸先輩達の論文から学んだことやわれわれの考えたことの一部分であり,著者らのみならず他のメンバーの考えも含まれている.この小文では高分子研究者の中に必ずしも格子欠陥になじみの強くない方も多いことを考えて,転位とは何かということから書き始めることにしよう.しかし高分子の転位論はきわめて未確定の分野で,われわれがこれを勉強し始めてからまだ短月日にすぎない。ここに記すことの中にも誤謬独断が多いと思う.読者諸氏のご批判をお願いする.
Preparation And Characterization Of Pmma Modified SIO2 Host Material For Organic Dye Molecules (1989)

This paper expands on the use of sol-gel derived materials as host for organic molecules which possess nonlinear optical properties. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) modified Si02 is a type of organically modified silicate (ORMOSIL) in which the PMMA is chemically bonded to the SiO, network. The preparation and characterization of bulk samples of PMMA modified Si01 host material and thin films of the host material doped with either 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA) or Rhodamine 6G are described.
A Three-Channel Microcomputer System for Segmentation and Characterization of the Phonocardiogram (1987)

We present here details of a microcomputer system developed to segment the phonocardiogram signal (PCG) and characterize murmurs. Using the ECG and carotid pulse as references, the PCG is segmented into systolic and diastolic parts. Four parameters representing the time and frequency domain characteristics of the signal segments are then computed. Results of application of the methods to 47 phonocardiogram signals are presented. The use of these parameters for the detection and classification of murmurs is discussed.
<title>Thermal imaging of railroad cars used for molten iron transport</title> (1999)

The primary production of steel in integrated mills commonly uses Pugh-type railroad cars to transport molten iron from the Blast Furnace process to the Basic Oxygen Furnace Process. Thermal imaging and analysis can be used to monitor the condition of the refractory within these railroad cars. This results in the avoidance of molten metal breakouts on the cars and the maximization of the refractory campaign life. An additional benefit is the significant savings on the maintenance costs of this equipment and greater production efficiencies through planned maintenance practices. These railroad cars are football shaped with an opening at the top and are commonly known as 'subs' or 'bottle cars' in the steel industry. The shell of the vessel serves as both the reservoir for the molten metal and as the structural frame of the car. The interior of the shell is typically lined with ceramic refractory. Periodic applications of gunnite material maintain the integrity of the refractory. Other combinations of materials are also used within the shells of these cars to provide an insulating barrier between the molten iron and the steel shell. In the past these cars were pulled from service for maintenance inspection and repair based on the tons of metal passed through the car during normal production. The refractory condition could not be assessed until the car had cooled down enough for an internal visual inspection. Thermal imaging equipment is now being used to monitor the radiated heat from the shells of these railroad cars to assess the need for maintenance. High and low temperatures are recorded in several different areas of the vessel and are compared with benchmarks developed through several years of measurements and experience. Not only is the hottest temperature of the shell important but also the difference between this and the coldest temperature on the shell. The hottest temperature gives an indication of the thickness of the refractory in a certain area. The difference between the hottest and coldest temperatures gives an indication as to the amount of thermal growth induced stress the shell is exposed to. When the shell temperatures breach the established limits, the car is pulled from service for inspection and refractory lining maintenance. The planning and efficiency of refractory lining maintenance is greatly improved through a well established thermographic monitoring program. Problems that arise earlier than anticipated are quickly noted and rectified, avoiding the cost of product loss and equipment repair or replacement. Refractories that last longer than expected may be left in service to maximize the campaign life of those linings.
Comparison of substrate utilization and growth kinetics between immobilized and suspended <i>Pseudomonas</i> cells (1993)

A methodology is described for measurement if immobilized and suspended cell growth and substrate utilization kinetics parameters. Substrate utilization and growth kinetics were compared between immobilized and suspended cells for toluene degrading Pseudomonas strains K3-2 and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) degrading strain DBO131(pR0101), respectively. Kinetic parameters were estimated using nonlinear parameter estimation methods and compared between the immobilized and suspended Pseudomonas cells to determine the effect of immobilization on cellular growth and substrate utilization. Factors influencing the experimental design included calculated oxygen flux rates, primary carbon substrate flux rates, and shear stresses on the immobilize cell. Statistical interpretation of the cellular reaction rate parameters indicates that only the growth kinetics of the toluene system were significantly altered upon immobilization. Substrate utilization kinetics remained unchanged upon immobilization. The substrate growth associated half-saturation constant (K(g)) for the toluene system increased by 30-fold and the maximum specific growth rate (micro(max)) decreased by 2-fold upon immobilization. Implication of these results for experimental determination of cellular kinetic parameters and for immobilization cell bioreactors design are discussed.
A Study of the Relationship of Structure and Activity of Antimycin A in the Induction of Carotenoid Synthesis in Mycobacterium marinum (1971)

Abstract Mycobacterium marinum produces carotenoids when exposed to light or when antimycin A is added. Structural characteristics of antimycin A in relationship to its induction of carotenoid synthesis were determined in order to make comparisons with the characteristics required for its inhibition of the electron transport system. All four components of the antimycin A complex (A1, A2, A3, and A4) were equally active. Studies with a number of derivatives and synthetic analogues showed that the substituted dilactone ring and the phenolic hydroxyl group, but not the N-formyl (or an N-carbonyl) group, are indispensable for the induction activity of antimycin A. Since the N-formyl group (together with the phenolic hydroxyl group and the dilactone ring) is required for the inhibitory activity of antimycin A in the electron transport system, the possibility that antimycin A induces carotenogenesis by interfering in the electron transport system was, therefore, discounted. Additional evidence for the lack of involvement of the electron transport system in the induction of carotenogenesis was provided when it was found that the replacement of the dilactone ring with a long alkyl chain resulted in the total loss of induction activity but not of inhibitory activity. A hypothesis that antimycin A and light induce carotenogenesis by inducing protein synthesis has been evaluated.
The effects of focusing on parametric oscillation (1982)

The threshold pump intensity for singly and doubly resonant parametric oscillators and the efficiency of doubly resonant parametric oscillators is calculated for the general case of unequal confocal beam parameters.
Representing documents with named entities for story link detection (SLD) (2006)

Several information organization, access, and filtering systems can benefit from different kind of document representations than those used in traditional Information Retrieval (IR). Topic Detection and Tracking (TDT) is an example of such an application. In this paper we demonstrate that named entities serve as better choices of units for document representation over all words. In order to test this hypothesis we study the effect of words-based and entity-based representations on Story Link Detection (SLD) - a core task in TDT research. The experiments on TDT corpora show that entity-based representations give significant improvements for SLD. We also propose a mechanism to expand the set of named entities used for document representation, which enhances the performance in some cases. We then take a step further and analyze the limitations of using only named entities for the document representation. Our studies and experiments indicate that adding additional topical terms can help in addressing such limitations.
Normalization Methods for Analysis of Microarray Gene-Expression Data (2003)

This paper investigates subset normalization to adjust for location biases (e.g., splotches) combined with global normalization for intensity biases (e.g., saturation). A data set from a toxicogenomic experiment using the same control and the same treated sample hybridized to six different microarrays is used to contrast the different normalization methods. Simple t-tests were used to compare two samples for dye effects and for treatment effects. The numbers of genes that reproducibly showed significant p-values for the unnormalized data and normalized data from different methods were evaluated for assessment of different normalization methods. The one-sample t-statistic of the ratio of red to green samples was used to test for dye effects using only control data. For treatment effects, in addition to the one-sample t-test of the ratio of the treated to control samples, the two-sample t-test for testing the difference between treated and control samples was also used to compare the two approaches. The method that combines a subset approach (median or lowess fit) for location adjustment with a global lowess fit for intensity adjustment appears to perform well.
Palladium‐Based Catalytic Systems for the Synthesis of Conjugated Enynes by Sonogashira Reactions and Related Alkynylations (2007)

Conjugated alkynes are recurring building blocks in natural products, a wide range of industrial intermediates, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, and molecular materials for optics and electronics. The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling between sp(2)-hybridized carbon atoms of aryl, heteroaryl, and vinyl halides with sp-hybridized carbon atoms of terminal acetylenes is one of the most important developments in the field of alkyne chemistry over the past 50 years. The seminal work of the 1970s has initiated an intense search for more general and reliable reaction conditions. The interest in the catalytic activation of demanding substrates, the need to minimize the consumption of depletive resources, and the search for easy access to an increased variety of functionalized enynes has led to the current generations of high-turnover catalysts. This Review gives an overview of the highly efficient palladium catalyst systems for the direct alkynylation of C(sp(2)) halides with terminal alkynes, both in homogeneous and heterogeneous phases.
Effect of flexible linker length in 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene derivatives for solid state polymerization (2015)

EDOT-linker-EDOT was chosen as a prototype model monomer for solid state polymerization. The linker length can be up to three atoms while the four-atom linker monomer failed under SSP.
997. Calciferol and its relatives. Part V. Epicalciferol (1960)

I. T. Harrison, R. A. A. Hurst, B. Lythgoe and D. H. Williams, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 5176 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600005176
Triply Supervised Decoder Networks for Joint Detection and Segmentation (2019)

Joint object detection and semantic segmentation is essential in many fields such as self-driving cars. An initial attempt towards this goal is to simply share a single network for multi-task learning. We argue that it does not make full use of the fact that detection and segmentation are mutually beneficial. In this paper, we propose a framework called TripleNet to deeply boost these two tasks. On the one hand, to deeply join the two tasks at different scales, triple supervisions including detection-oriented supervision and class-aware/agnostic segmentation supervisions are imposed on each layer of the decoder. Class-agnostic segmentation provides an objectness prior to detection and segmentation. On the other hand, to further intercross the two tasks and refine the features in each scale, two light-weight modules (i.e., the inner-connected module and the attention skip-layer fusion) are incorporated. Because segmentation supervision on each decoder layer are not performed at the test stage and two added modules are light-weight, the proposed TripleNet can run at a real-time speed (16 fps). Experiments on the VOC 2007/2012 and COCO datasets show that TripleNet outperforms all the other one-stage methods on both two tasks (e.g., 81.9% mAP and 83.3% mIoU on VOC 2012, and 37.1% mAP and 59.6% mIoU on COCO) by a single network.
The gSOAP Toolkit for Web Services and Peer-to-Peer Computing Networks (2003)

This paper presents the gSOAP stub and skeleton compiler. The compiler provides a unique SOAP-to-C/C++ language binding for deploying C/C++ applications in SOAP Web Services, clients, and peer-to-peer computing networks. gSOAP enables the integratation of (legacy) C/C++/Fortran codes, embedded systems, and real-time software in Web Services, clients, and peers that share computational resources and information with other SOAP-enabled applications, possibly across different platforms, language environments, and disparate organizations located behind firewalls. Results on interoperability, legacy code integration, scalability, and performance are given.
An additive manufacturing filter for topology optimization of print-ready designs (2016)

Additive manufacturing (AM) offers exciting opportunities to manufacture parts of unprecedented complexity. Topology optimization is essential to fully exploit this capability. However, AM processes have specific limitations as well. When these are not considered during design optimization, modifications are generally needed in post-processing, which add costs and reduce the optimized performance. This paper presents a filter that incorporates the main characteristics of a generic AM process, and that can easily be included in conventional density-based topology optimization procedures. Use of this filter ensures that optimized designs comply with typical geometrical AM restrictions. Its performance is illustrated on compliance minimization problems, and a 2D Matlab implementation is provided.
On formal methods of multidimensional databases (2006)

In order to extend the expressive power of the query language to relational completeness which is beyond that of the structured sets, we defined a typed functional query language. The OLAP data objects and query constructs are uniformly represented by functional symbols typed by a polymorphic record-based type system. In order to model the OLAP-specific query constructs, our type system differs in several ways from the existing type systems. We studied the type checking and type inference problem of our type system. The algebraic properties of the functions in the functional OLAP query language can be described as equations. We show that the OLAP related equations can be oriented into an infinite but finitely representable term rewrite system which is both terminating and confluent. The term rewrite system forms the basis of a complete algorithmic decision procedure for query equivalence with respect to the OLAP equational theory. We further show that this rewrite system can be used to solve an equational-theoretic version of the OLAP summarizability problem. Our solution to the OLAP summarizability problem covers cases which have not been dealt with by other work in summarizability. This thesis focuses on the formal aspects of Online Analytic Processing (OLAP) databases and the underlying data model, known as the multidimensional data model. We begin by studying the hierarchical and multidimensional structures of OLAP databases from a set-theoretic approach. We define structured sets to be sets equipped with alphabets which are interpreted to nested subsets. We demonstrate that structured sets can be used to model hierarchical dimensions and multidimensional data cubes. Moreover, OLAP selection queries of the data cubes can be seen as descriptions of subsets of structured sets. We define the minimal length description (MDL) problem of the structured sets, and study its computational complexity, tractability and the algorithmic solutions. The solution to the MDL problem is applied to OLAP selection query optimization and OLAP query results summarization.
Upregulated expression of angiogenesis genes and down regulation of cell cycle genes in human colorectal cancer tissue determined by cDNA macroarray. (2001)

The differential expression of hundreds of tightly, transcriptionally controlled genes in isolated human colorectal cancer and respective normal mucosa from two patients was analyzed by the cDNA macroarray technique. mRNA prepared from the colorectal cancer tumors was compared with 588 genes spotted onto the filter. Case A showed down-regulation of the expression of cell-cycle-related genes including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, and CDK-activating kinase, as compared with normal mucosa from the same patient. The tumors showed up-regulation of expression of angiogenesis-related genes such as type II cytoskeletal 8 keratin, metalloproteinase subtypes, VEGF, and bFGF, to over 5-fold the levels in normal mucosa. Thus, colorectal carcinoma tissues are characterized by the upregulation of molecules related with angiogenesis. These results suggest that angiogenesis-related molecules are suitable candidates for target-based therapies for colorectal cancer patients. In case B, the largest difference in expression between the tumor and mucosal tissues was observed in the MMP-1 gene. In contrast to the first case, there was no increase in expression of angiogenesis-related molecules or decrease in expression of cell-cycle-regulatory molecules. The expression profile was quite different between these two patients. This approach may eventually provide a mean of selecting target-based drugs in individual colon cancer patients.
Sustained Long-Term Outcomes With Closed-Loop Spinal Cord Stimulation: 12-Month Results of the Prospective, Multicenter, Open-Label Avalon Study (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) activates the dorsal column fibers using electrical stimuli. Current SCS systems function in fixed-output mode, delivering the same stimulus regardless of spinal cord (SC) activation. OBJECTIVE To present long-term outcomes of a novel closed-loop SCS system that aims to maintain the SC activation near a set target level and within a therapeutic window for each patient. SC activation is measured through the evoked compound action potential (ECAP) generated by each stimulus pulse. METHODS Fifty patients with lower back and/or leg pain who were successfully trialed received a permanent system (Evoke; Saluda Medical, Sydney, Australia). Ratings of pain (visual analog scale), quality of life, function, sleep, and medication use were collected at baseline and at each visit. SC activation levels were reported in summary statistics. The therapeutic window for each individual patient was defined as the range of ECAP amplitudes between sensation threshold and uncomfortably strong stimulation. RESULTS At 12 mo, the proportion of patients with ≥50% relief was 76.9% (back), 79.3% (leg), and 81.4% (overall), and the proportion with ≥80% pain relief was 56.4% (back), 58.6% (leg), and 53.5% (overall). Patients spent a median of 84.9% of their time with stimulation in their therapeutic window, and 68.8% (22/32) eliminated or reduced their opioid intake. Statistically significant improvements in secondary outcomes were observed. CONCLUSION The majority of patients experienced more than 80% pain relief with stable SC activation, as measured by ECAP amplitude at 12 mo, providing evidence for the long-term effectiveness of the Evoke closed-loop SCS system.
Biochemical assay designed to detect formation of recombination intermediates in vitro. (1979)

A biochemical assay that is designed to detect recombination intermediates formed in vitro is described. The assay measures the fusion of two essentially homologous plasmids, one of which is radioactively labeled and the other of which carries several copies of the lac operator. The fusion product is radioactive and can be bound to a nitrocellulose filter by lac repressor. This assay for genome fusion is rapid and readily applicable to the many fractions that result during enzyme purification. The fused product is not destroyed in the assay and may be recovered from the filter for further analysis by electron microscopy. The product is then seen to consist of figure 8 structures that can be cleaved by the restriction enzyme EcoRI to give chi forms, structures similar to those recovered from recombination-proficient cells. It is expected that this assay will be useful in the purification of the "recombinase-type" activity detected in crude cell lysates. To demonstrate this point, the assay was applied to the protein fractions recovered from a molecular sieve column. The results indicate that the fusion activity has an apparent molecular weight of 50,000--100,000.