gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Oxidative Fermentation (1957)

1. Investigations were carried out on the formation of γ-pyrone derivatives, i.e. comenic acid, rubiginic acid and rubiginol from thirty kinds of carbohydrates, and fifteen kinds of organic acid. Gluconoacetobacter liq. was formed only from glucose, gluconate and 2-keto-gluconate. 2. Intact cells oxidized glucose, gluconate and 2-ketogluconate with carbon dioxide evolution, but in the presence of DNP (2×10-3M) evolution of carbon dioxide was not observed, and 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5 moles of oxygen were consumed per mole of glucose, gluconate and 2-ketogluconate, respectively. Dried cells and cell-free extracts also showed the same oxidative pattern as intact cells in the presence of DNP. 3. Oxidation of glucose, gluconate and 2-ketogluconate by dried cells proceeded in phthalate buffer and was not affected by phosphate. Sodium fluoride (5×10-2M) did not inhibit the oxidation of glucose. 4. Intact cells oxidized glucose, gluconate and 2-ketogluconate and formed the same oxidative products, i.e. the three γ-pyrone derivatives, and glycolic and tartronic acid. 5. As the oxidative product of Ca-2-keto-gluconate by dried cells, Ca-2, 5-diketo-gluconate was isolated and identified. Glu-conoacetobacter liq., formed the same oxidative products as described above from Ca-2, 5-diketogluconate. 6. The chemical pathway of glucose degradation by Gluconoacetobacter liq. was discussed and the most presumable pathway involving the formation of γ-pyrone deriva-tives was given.
New integrated-optics interferometer in planar technology (1994)

Glass ion exchange is an attractive method for fabricating integrated optical components. We investigate the feasibility of making a single-mode glass ion-exchanged interferometer designed especially to obtain an interference pattern. The design of the interferometer is based on the use of tapered waveguides to obtain a collimated beam. This interferometer could be used as a chemical or biological sensor.
A lazy evaluator (1976)

A different way to execute pure LISP programs is presented. It delays the evaluation of parameters and list structures without ever having to perform more evaluation steps than the usual method. Although the central idea can be found in earlier work this paper is of interest since it treats a rather well-known language and works out an algorithm which avoids full substitution. A partial correctness proof using Scott-Strachey semantics is sketched in a later section.
Particle settling in non-Newtonian drilling fluids (2009)

Particle settling is relevant for several aspects of drilling and completion operations,\nand is directly related to safety and operational efficiency. The primary\nfunction of particles added to drilling fluids is to provide density stabilizing the\nwellbore and hinder influx of fluids and gas, causing a kick situation. Keeping\nthe particles suspended in the fluids is also critical to avoid problems such\nas stuck down hole equipment, poor cementing of casings, lost circulation and\navoid formation damage.\nThe main objective of the present work is to improve the understanding of\nparticle settling in non-Newtonian drilling fluids. The work focuses on identifying\nparameters critical for particle settling which are directly relevant for\neveryday handling and use of drilling and completion fluids. To identify these\nparameters, laboratory techniques have been developed that allow continuous\nmonitoring of the particle settling process in a fluid. The majority of the parameters\nidentified have previously not been studied by the oil industry. This\nincludes parameters such as the composition of the internal brine phase of oil\nbased drilling fluids, added shear energy during preparation of these and the\neffect of particle morphology on settling. Operational parameters, such as vibrations\nduring drilling, and the efficiency of solids removal equipment have also\nbeen discovered to have significant impact on the particle settling rate.\nThroughout this work the complexity of particle settling in the fluids has\nclearly been demonstrated. Conventional settling models have shown not to\npredict the effect of this phenomena accurately. The complexity of the sag phenomena\nrequires the development of significantly improved practical equipment\nto optimize and monitor the sag stability of drilling fluids at the rig site.
Investigations on the radical HO2 in solution (1935)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Separation and Purification of Tomatine in Green Tomatoes with Macroporous Adsorption Resin (2010)

Objective To improve the content of tomatine in green tomatoes by separation and purification of tomatine with macroporous adsorption resin.Method HPLC-MS/MS methods were established to determine the tomatine in green tomatoes.With the concentration of tomatine as the main index,the technologies of separation and purification of tomatine with macroporous adsorption resin were studied.Result The optimal technologies of HPD-100A macroporous absorption resin were as follows:pillar volume was 510 mL,the volume of sample added was 6 BV.The column was washed by distilled water and then 95% ethanol,the elution volume was 6 BV.The content of tomatine was 26.48% in crude tomatine after purification with above technologies.Conclusion The adsorption and separation capability of HPD-100A macroporous absorption resin was good,and it was the optimal resin.
COVID-19에 따른 기업의 고용환경에서 대학생의취업불안에 대한 집단 간 차이 검증 (2021)

본 연구는 COVID-19로 인해 기업의 고용환경이 악화된 상황에서 우리나라의 대학생들이 어느 정도의 취업불안을 경험하고 있는지 파악했다. 구체적으로, 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 취업불안에 집단 간 차이가 있는지 검증했다. 연구결과 첫째, 성별에 따라 취업불안 유발원인, 유발상황에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 검증되었다. 둘째, 학교소재에 따라 취업불안 유발상황에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 검증되었다. 셋째, 학년에 따라 취업불안 상태에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 검증되었다. 이상의 연구결과는 COVID-19에 따른 청년층의 고용환경 개선을 위한 기초자료로 사용할 수 있음에 의의가 있다.
Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals: Preparation, operation and application (1996)

Abstract Liquid crystal-polymer composites have been widely studied in the last ten years, both because of potential applications and to improve our understanding of the behavioural mechanisms involved. Although it cannot be exhaustive, this review describes recent advances in the field of liquid crystal-polymer composites. The preparation techniques as well as the operating principle and various applications of these materials are covered.
Serotonin transporter deficiency in rats contributes to impaired object memory (2009)

Serotonin is well known for its role in affection, but less known for its role in cognition. The serotonin transporter (SERT) has an essential role in serotonergic neurotransmission as it determines the magnitude and duration of the serotonin signal in the synaptic cleft. There is evidence to suggest that homozygous SERT knockout rats (SERT(-/-)), as well as humans with the short SERT allele, show stronger cognitive effects than wild-type control rats (SERT(+/+)) and humans with the long SERT allele after acute tryptophan depletion. In rats, SERT genotype is known to affect brain serotonin levels, with SERT(-/-) rats having lower intracellular basal serotonin levels than wild-type rats in several brain areas. In the present study, it was investigated whether SERT genotype affects memory performance in an object recognition task with different inter-trial intervals. SERT(-/-), heterozygous SERT knockout (SERT(+/-)) and SERT(+/+) rats were tested in an object recognition test applying an inter-trial interval of 2, 4 and 8 h. SERT(-/-) and SERT(+/-) rats showed impaired object memory with an 8 h inter-trial interval, whereas SERT(+/+) rats showed intact object memory with this inter-trial interval. Although brain serotonin levels cannot fully explain the SERT genotype effect on object memory in rats, these results do indicate that serotonin is an important player in object memory in rats, and that lower intracellular serotonin levels lead to enhanced memory loss. Given its resemblance with the human SERT-linked polymorphic region and propensity to develop depression-like symptoms, our findings may contribute to further understanding of mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in depression.
Assessing laser-tissue damage with bioluminescent imaging (2006)

Effective medical laser procedures are achieved by selecting laser parameters that minimize undesirable tissue damage. Traditionally, human subjects, animal models, and monolayer cell cultures have been used to study wound healing, tissue damage, and cellular effects of laser radiation. Each of these models has significant limitations, and consequently, a novel skin model is needed. To this end, a highly reproducible human skin model that enables noninvasive and longitudinal studies of gene expression was sought. In this study, we present an organotypic raft model (engineered skin) used in combination with bioluminescent imaging (BLI) techniques. The efficacy of the raft model was validated and characterized by investigating the role of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) as a sensitive marker of thermal damage. The raft model consists of human cells incorporated into an extracellular matrix. The raft cultures were transfected with an adenovirus containing a murine hsp70 promoter driving transcription of luciferase. The model enables quantitative analysis of spatiotemporal expression of proteins using BLI. Thermal stress was induced on the raft cultures by means of a constant temperature water bath or with a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser (lambda=10.6 microm, 0.679 to 2.262 Wcm2, cw, unfocused Gaussian beam, omegaL=4.5 mm, 1 min exposure). The bioluminescence was monitored noninvasively with an IVIS 100 Bioluminescent Imaging System. BLI indicated that peak hsp70 expression occurs 4 to 12 h after exposure to thermal stress. A minimum irradiance of 0.679 Wcm2 activated the hsp70 response, and a higher irradiance of 2.262 Wcm2 was associated with a severe reduction in hsp70 response due to tissue ablation. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that hsp70 mRNA levels increased with prolonged heating exposures. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent protein assays confirmed that luciferase was an accurate surrogate for hsp70 intracellular protein levels. Hematoxylin and eosin stains verified the presence of the thermally denatured tissue regions. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that maximal hsp70 expression occurred at a depth of 150 microm. Bioluminescent microscopy was employed to corroborate these findings. These results indicate that quantitative BLI in engineered tissue equivalents provides a powerful model that enables sequential gene expression studies. Such a model can be used as a high throughput screening platform for laser-tissue interaction studies.
Perspectives on the Barrier to Resistance for Dolutegravir + Lamivudine, a Two-Drug Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1 Infection (2019)

In HIV-1-infected patients, virological failure can occur as a consequence of the mutations that accumulate in the viral genome that allow replication to continue in the presence of antiretrovirals (ARVs). The development of treatment-emergent resistance to an ARV can limit a patient's options for future therapy, prompting the need for ARV regimens that are resilient to the emergence of resistance. The genetic barrier to resistance refers to the number of mutations in an ARV's therapeutic target that are required to confer a clinically meaningful loss of susceptibility to the drug. The emergence of resistance can be affected by pharmacological aspects of the ARV, including its structure, inhibitory quotient, therapeutic index, and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Dolutegravir (DTG) has demonstrated a high barrier to resistance, including when used in a two-drug regimen (2DR) with lamivudine (3TC). In the GEMINI-1 and GEMINI-2 studies, DTG +3TC was noninferior to DTG + emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in treatment-naive participants, with similar proportions achieving HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL through 96 weeks. Furthermore, in the TANGO study, virological suppression was maintained at 48 weeks after switching to DTG +3TC from a tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-based regimen compared with continuing a TAF-based regimen. Most other 2DRs with successful outcomes compared with three-drug regimens have been based on protease inhibitors (PIs); however, this class is associated with adverse metabolic effects and drug-drug interactions. In this review, we discuss the barrier to resistance in the context of a 2DR in which a boosted PI is replaced with DTG +3TC.
The Preparation and Reactions of Some Triphenyllead Derivatives (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Reactions of Some Triphenyllead DerivativesLaurence S. Foster, William M. Dix, and Irving J. GruntfestCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 7, 1685–1687Publication Date (Print):July 6, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 6 July 1939https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01876a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (367 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Diagrammatic Assessment of Family Relationships (1978)

Two methods of diagramming family relationships offer insights into complex family and community interactions and facilitate the interviewing and intervention process
Altered composition and function of intestinal microbiota in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review (2019)

At present, the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unclear. Increasing evidence suggested that gut microbiota plays a critical role in gastrointestinal symptoms and behavioral impairment in ASD patients. The primary aim of this systematic review is to investigate potential evidence for the characteristic dysbiosis of gut microbiota in ASD patients compared with healthy controls (HCs). The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus were systematically searched before March 2018. Human studies that compared the composition of gut microbiota in ASD patients and HCs using culture-independent techniques were included. Independent data extraction and quality assessment of studies were conducted according to PRISMA statement and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) was used to infer biological functional changes of the shifted microbiota with the available data in four studies. Sixteen studies with a total sample size of 381 ASD patients and 283 HCs were included in this systematic review. The quality of the studies was evaluated as medium to high. The overall changing of gut bacterial community in terms of β-diversity was consistently observed in ASD patients compared with HCs. Furthermore, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Dialister, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Turicibacter were consistently decreased, while Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio, and Clostridium were increased in patients with ASD relative to HCs in certain studies. This systematic review demonstrated significant alterations of gut microbiota in ASD patients compared with HCs, strengthen the evidence that dysbiosis of gut microbiota may correlate with behavioral abnormality in ASD patients. However, results of inconsistent changing also existed and further big-sampled well-designed studies are needed. Generally, as a potential mediator of risk factors, the gut microbiota could be a novel target for ASD patients in the future.
A Tunable, Efficient, Specialized Multidimensional Range Query Algorithm (2006)

This paper presents algorithms for fast indexing and searching of a metadata database using a particular type of audio fingerprint as the key. Because of the variability of audio and hence its content-derived fingerprints, simple index-based database lookups have previously been proven to be insufficient. Prior approaches, on the other hand, are computationally complex and rely on large memory and processing resources for realistic applications, which makes them unsuitable for deployment in embedded environments. Thus, a multidimensional range query algorithm has been developed to efficiently cope with altered audio content. This search algorithm is tunable to adjust desired coverage, CPU load, and disk load. Special care has been taken to design the system to be suitably fast and lightweight to implement on extremely modest computing hardware, such as portable consumer electronic devices
Endogenous protease inhibitor uptake within the graft during reperfusion in human liver transplantation (2009)

The results suggest a relative shortage of protease inhibitors within the liver during reperfusion, which may contribute to the development of graft injury.
Overview of the preparation of pure polyaniline and conductive composites in dispersed media and by thermal processes: from laboratory to semi‐industrial scale (2006)

Abstract Intrinsically conductive polymers (ICPs) and conductive composites offer many potential industrial applications due to their conductive properties, processability and mechanical properties. Much work has been carried out to develop the synthesis and formulation of various conductive polymers. Nevertheless, polyaniline (PANI) seems to be one of the most interesting conductive polymer based on the low cost of its synthesis, its conductive properties and its thermal and environmental stability. In this paper, we describe the synthesis and formulation of conductive composites containing PANI by considering two synthetic approaches. The first one is based on the oxidative polymerization of aniline. This synthesis has been optimized from laboratory‐scale to a 50 L pilot‐plant reactor. After a post‐doping procedure, the composite is obtained using a twin‐screw extruder. The second approach concerns a core/shell synthesis (polymer matrix/PANI) procedure which allows synthesis and formulation at the same time. Conductive composites of various compositions (polymer matrix/PANI content and additives) were synthesized by both of these methods and the advantages and drawbacks of each of them are discussed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Production, chemistry, and commercial applications of various chemicals from castor oil (1974)

Abstract The presence of a hydroxyl group, in addition to an olefinic linkage, in the predominating fatty acid of castor oil gives this vegetable oil many unique and interesting properties. Castor oil consists largely of glycerides of ricinoleic acid or 12‐hydroxy octadecenoic acid. The chemical reactions of castor oil, undecylenic acid, 12‐hydroxylstearic acid, sebacic acid, and nylon 11, depict the uniqueness of this agricultural oil. By dehydration, castor oil is converted to a conjugated acid oil similar to tung or oiticica oil. The catalytic dehydration results in the formation of a new double bond in the fatty acid chain. The dehydrated castor oil imparts good flexibility, rapid dry, excellent color retention, and water resistance to protective coatings. The pyrolysis of castor oil cleaves the molecule to produce undecylenic acid and heptaldehyde. The pyrolysis of the methyl ester at 450–550 C results in the formation of methyl 10‐undecylenate. Hydrolysis of the methyl ester gives 10‐undecylenic acid. Hydrogen bromide is added to form 11‐bromo undecanoic, which is ammoniated and condensed to form a nylon polymer. When castor oil is added slowly to an 80% caustic solution, the sodium ricinoleate formed splits to form sodium sebacate and capryl alcohol. Sebacic acid is condensed with hexamethylene diamine to form nylon 6,10. The commercial application of castor oil derivatives in urethanes, starch gel modifiers, medium chain triglycerides, and thixotropic additives is reviewed briefly.
Assigning document identifiers to enhance compressibility of Web Search Engines indexes (2004)

Granting efficient accesses to the index is a key issue for the performances of Web Search Engines (WSE). In order to enhance memory utilization and favor fast query resolution, WSEs use Inverted File (IF) indexes where the posting lists are stored as sequences of d_gaps (i.e. differences among successive document identifiers) compressed using variable length encoding methods. This paper describes the use of a lightweight clustering algorithm aimed at assigning the identifiers to documents in a way that minimizes the average values of d_gaps. The simulations performed on a real dataset, i.e. the Google contest collection, show that our approach allows to obtain an IF index which is, depending on the d_gap encoding chosen, up to 23% smaller than the one built over randomly assigned document identifiers. Moreover, we will show, both analytically and empirically, that the complexity of our algorithm is linear in space and time.
CRISPR-Cas12a (Cpf1): A Versatile Tool in the Plant Genome Editing Tool Box for Agricultural Advancement (2020)

Global population is predicted to approach 10 billion by 2050, an increase of over 2 billion from today. To meet the demands of growing, geographically and socio-economically diversified nations, we need to diversity and expand agricultural production. This expansion of agricultural productivity will need to occur under increasing biotic, and environmental constraints driven by climate change. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-site directed nucleases (CRISPR-SDN) and similar genome editing technologies will likely be key enablers to meet future agricultural needs. While the application of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing has led the way, the use of CRISPR-Cas12a is also increasing significantly for genome engineering of plants. The popularity of the CRISPR-Cas12a, the type V (class-II) system, is gaining momentum because of its versatility and simplified features. These include the use of a small guide RNA devoid of trans-activating crispr RNA, targeting of T-rich regions of the genome where Cas9 is not suitable for use, RNA processing capability facilitating simpler multiplexing, and its ability to generate double strand breaks (DSB) with staggered ends. Many monocot and dicot species have been successfully edited using this Cas12a system and further research is ongoing to improve its efficiency in plants, including improving the temperature stability of the Cas12a enzyme, identifying new variants of Cas12a or synthetically producing Cas12a with flexible PAM sequences. In this review we provide a comparative survey of CRISPR-Cas12a and Cas9, and provide a perspective on applications of CRISPR-Cas12 in agriculture.