gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bovine IgG Prevents Experimental Infection With RSV and Facilitates Human T Cell Responses to RSV (2020)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections represent a major burden of disease in infants and are the second most prevalent cause of death worldwide. Human milk immunoglobulins provide protection against RSV. However, many infants depend on processed bovine milk-based nutrition, which lacks intact immunoglobulins. We investigated the potential of bovine antibodies to neutralize human RSV and facilitate-cell immune activation. We show cow's milk IgG (bIgG) and Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) have a similar RSV neutralization capacity, even though bIgG has a lower pre-F to post-F binding ratio compared to human IVIG, with the majority of bIgG binding to pre-F. RSV is better neutralized with human IVIG. Consequently, we enriched RSV specific T cells by culturing human PBMC with a mixture of RSV peptides, and used these T cells to study the effect of bIgG and IVIG on the activation of pre-F-pecific T cells. bIgG facilitated <i>in vitro</i> T cell activation in a similar manner as IVIG. Moreover, bIgG was able to mediate T cell activation and internalization of pathogens, which are prerequisites for inducing an adaptive viral response. Using <i>in vivo</i> mouse experiments, we showed that bIgG is able to bind the murine activating IgG Fc Receptors (FcγR), but not the inhibiting FcγRII. Intranasal administration of the monoclonal antibody palivizumab, but also of bIgG and IVIG prevented RSV infection in mice. The concentration of bIgG needed to prevent infection was ~5-fold higher compared to IVIG. In conclusion, the data presented here indicate that functionally active bIgG facilitates adaptive antiviral T cell responses and prevents RSV infection <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
An Evaluation of Unattached Radon (and Thoron) Daughter Measurement Techniques (1982)

The collection efficiencies of parallel plate, inertial impactor and wire screen devices reported in the literature for measurement of the unattached fraction of radon (or thoron) daughters are calculated for collection of the attached fraction of the aerosol, using real uranium mine aerosol activity-size distributions. The attached activity collection efficiencies may be as much as 4.3%, which, given the typically low values of the unattached fraction (a few per cent), results in a very substantial error in the measurement of the latter. Published unattached fraction measurements in the environment may therefore be high and should be interpreted with care.
Cholinesterase Inhibiting Withanolides from Withania somnifera (2004)

A total of two new (1, 2) and four known (3-6) withanolides were isolated from the whole plant of Withania somnifera. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and were characterized as 6alpha,7alpha-epoxy-3beta,5alpha,20beta-trihydroxy-1-oxowitha-24-enolide (1), 5beta,6beta-epoxy-4beta,17alpha,27-trihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide (2), withaferin-A (3), 2,3-dihydrowithaferin-A (4), 6alpha,7alpha-epoxy-5alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide (5), and 5beta,6beta-epoxy-4beta-hydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,14,24-trienolide (6), respectively. Compounds 2, 3, 5, and 6 displayed inhibitory potential against butyrylcholinesterase, but only compounds 3, 4, and 6 were found to be active against acetylcholinesterase.
USING VOLUNTEERS IN AGED CARE (1988)

This article explores the use of volunteers in some aged services in Perth, drawing upon the experiences of workers in the field. ‘Volunteerism’ is set within its social policy context, and is considered in terms of the tasks, training, and protection of volunteers. Some problems with voluntarism are identified and projections are noted about the future for volunteers. Historically, volunteers have given much, the use of volunteers at present within certain areas of aged care seems justified, and volunteers are likely to contribute heavily within the aged care of the future.
An Antibody Against Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 (TREM-1) Dampens Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Lamina Propria Cells from Patients with IBD (2016)

An anti-TREM-1 antibody can dampen secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed patients with elevated PGLYRP-1. Moreover, PGLYRP-1 + myeloperoxidase is a potential biomarker for predicting the effect of anti-TREM-1 therapy.
Role of non-classical MHC class I molecules in cancer immunosuppression (2013)

Growing neoplasms employ various mechanisms to evade immunosurveillance. The expression of non-classical MHC class I molecules by both immune and malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment constitute of the strategies used by tumors to circumvent the cytotoxic activity of effector cells of the immune system. The overexpression of HLA-G, -E, and -F is a common finding across a variety of malignancies. However, while the presence of HLA-G and HLA-E has been recently correlated with poor clinical outcome, information on the clinicopathological significance of HLA-F is limited. In the present review, we summarize studies on non-classical MHC class I molecules with special emphasis on their role in the modulation of anticancer immune responses.
Shortened BCH codes (Corresp.) (1973)

By shortening certain binary primitive BCH codes, we derive a number of linear error-correcting codes with minimum distances superior to any known previously. We also give the weight spectra of three nonprimitive BCH codes whose minimum distances likewise constitute a significant improvement over those of the best codes previously known.
Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Internally Cooled Electrodes (2007)

The manual algorithm requires more overlapping ablations and treatment sessions in order to achieve similar primary technique effectiveness and local tumor progression rates compared with the modified automated algorithm.
Development of an LC/MS method for the trace analysis of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) (2002)

The detection and quantification of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) using LC/MS is investigated. GC/MS analysis of TATP is hindered by stationary phase activation in very short periods of time. Due to the lower temperatures used in LC. this problem is not encountered. This study presents a method that is suitable for the detection of TATP at levels as low as 100 pg microl(-1) (10 ng per 100 microl). Initial findings are also reported for the investigation of a secondary chromatographic peak, which is thought to be caused by separation of two conformers. This study concludes that LC/MS is a suitable technique for the analysis of trace levels of TATP.
<title>Multiparameter fluorescence spectroscopic imaging of cell function</title> (1994)

The ability to quantitate physiological parameters in single living cells using fluorescence spectroscopic imaging has expanded our understanding of many cell regulatory processes. Previous studies have focussed on the measurement of single parameters, such as the concentration of calcium, and more recently two parameters, such as calcium and pH using fluorescence ratio imaging. The complexity of the interrelationships among cell biochemical reactions suggests a need to extend the measurement scheme to several parameters. Expansion of the number of parameters involves several complexities associated with fluorescent probe selection and instrumentation design as well as the processing and management of the data. A system has been assembled which provides maximum flexibility in multiparameter fluorescence imaging measurements. The system provides multiple combinations of excitation, dichroic mirror, and emission wavelengths. It has automatic acquisition of any number of parameters. The number of parameters is primarily limited by the selection of fluorescent probes with nonoverlapping spectra. We demonstrate the utility of the system by the coordinated monitoring of stimulated changes in the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and pH using fluorescence ratio imaging coupled with a conventional transmitted light image of single smooth muscle cells. The results demonstrate coordinated changes in some instances but uncoordinated changes in others.
Wideband Dual-Frequency Antenna With Large Frequency Ratio (2019)

This communication investigates a new type of compact dual-frequency antenna, which is realized by using a single rectangular dielectric block with a groove along its center. It integrates a microwave dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with a millimeter-wave Fabry-Perot resonator antenna (FPRA). The DRA is fabricated out of a dielectric block, excited by a vertical conducting strip on its side wall. The FPRA is realized by sticking the adhesive copper tape on the surfaces of the groove, forming a pair of parallel plates and the ground plane. The FPRA is excited by a sleeve-integrated L-probe, which suppresses the cross-polar fields and widens the bandwidth of the FPRA. To validate the idea, a dual-frequency antenna, covering both the 2.4 and 24 GHz ISM bands, was designed and measured. The DRA operates in its TE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">111</sub> mode, whereas the FPRA operates in its fundamental mode. Next, a wideband dual-frequency antenna was designed to further cover the 4G and future 5G frequency bands. Both of the TE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">111</sub> and TE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">113</sub> modes of the DRA are excited, broadening the bandwidth in the microwave band. Also, the FPRA mode and two L-probe modes are simultaneously excited to increase the bandwidth in the millimeter-waveband. The S-parameters, radiation patterns, antenna gains, and antenna efficiencies of the dual-frequency antennas are studied in detail. Reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results is observed.
The potential of optical coherence tomography for intravascular imaging of chronic total occlusions. (2009)

This thesis presents the first work, to our knowledge, to evaluate the potential of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) as an intravascular imaging modality to characterize and guide interventions on chronic total occlusions (CTOs) in arteries. An ex vivo imaging study using OCT is presented that characterizes various pathologies associated with peripheral CTOs and illustrates the ability to differentiate between the vessel wall and the occluded lumen. We also found that, while OCT could image approximately 1mm through tissue, it was effective for imaging deeper through clarified microchannels seen within the occluded lumen. While others had reported observing such microchannels within the lumen before, little was known about the global architecture of these channels. This motivated a study of the global morphology of microchannels in occlusions using micro computed tomography (microCT). In this microCT study, we found that microchannels within the occluded lumen of the artery appeared to be continuous over several millimeters. However, these channels also exited the artery frequently, suggesting the need for some form of imaging guidance. As a potential intravascular imaging set-up, a forward-viewing OCT catheter was built. This catheter uses a novel scanning mechanism that combines high voltage and a dissipative polymer to achieve fast compact actuation. Doppler OCT results are presented using this catheter to image flow in the forward direction. Doppler OCT imaging of microchannels in vivo is also shown in a surgically exposed occluded artery in situ.
Relay-Assisted Proactive Eavesdropping With Cooperative Jamming and Spoofing (2018)

In this paper, we consider a legitimate proactive eavesdropping scenario where a distant central monitor covertly wiretaps the communication between a pair of suspicious users via several multi-antenna full-duplex spoofing relays and a multi-antenna cooperative jammer. Assuming an adaptive transmission policy at the suspicious users, the spoofing relays not only intercept but also forward the manipulated information to control the data rate of the suspicious users in collaboration with the jammer. We provide a technique which jointly optimizes the receive combining vector at the central monitor, the precoders at the relays, and the transmit covariance matrix at the jammer for maximizing the eavesdropping rate. To reveal some fundamental properties of the optimal operation, we first study a single-relay system. It is shown that when the central monitor experiences a poor eavesdropping channel link, the spoofing relay and the jammer should transmit destructive signals and jamming signals, respectively. In this case, the suspicious users are forced to decrease their data rate, while the intercepted information can be successfully decoded by the central monitor. On the other hand, when the eavesdropping channel condition is favorable, the spoofing relay forwards constructive signals to further increase the data rate at the suspicious users in a way that more information can be intercepted from the suspicious users. We then formulate a general eavesdropping rate maximization problem for multiple relays and present a semi-definite relaxation approach. A low-complexity design is also proposed based on our analysis for the single-relay system. Simulation results verify the efficiency of the proposed solutions compared to other baseline schemes in various practical setups.
Performance based approaches in standards and regulations for smart ventilation in residential buildings: a summary review (2018)

As ventilation systems become more sophisticated (or ‘smart’) standards and regulations are changing to accommodate their use. A key smart ventilation concept is to use controls to ventilate more at times it provides either an energy or IAQ advantage (or both) and less when it provides a disadvantage. This paper discusses the favorable contexts that exist in many countries, with regulations and standards proposing ‘performance-based approaches’ that both enable and reward smart ventilation. The paper gives an overview of such approaches from five countries. The common thread in all these methods is the use of metrics for the exposure to an indoor generated parameter (usually CO2), and condensation risk. As the result, demand-control ventilation strategies (DCV) are widely and easily available on the market, with more than 20–30 systems available in some countries.
Active Centers of α‐Chymotrypsin and of <i>Streptomyces griseus</i> Proteases 1 and 3 (1980)

A number of peptides of the general formula Ac-Pro-Ala-X-Phe-NH2, where X = Gly, Ala, Leu, Phe or Pro, have been synthesized for the study of S2-P2 enzyme-substrate interactions in three serine proteases: alpha-chymotrypsin and Streptomyces griseus proteases 1 and 3. All three enzymes interacted favorably with those peptides with hydrophobic, non-aromatic, P2 amino acid residues, leucine being optimal. The increase in kcat/Km on going from the P2 glycine to the P2 leucine peptide was 30-fold in alpha-chymotrypsin and greater than 150-fold and 350-fold in the Streptomyces enzymes, being due to both increased affinities and higher acylation rates. Hydrophobic S2-P2 interactions, particularly in S. griseus proteases 1 and 3, appear to be the most important enzyme-substrate interactions apart from S1-P1. The kinetic data is discussed in relation to the tertiary structures of the active centers of the enzymes.
Phosphorylation of different tau sites during progression of Alzheimer’s disease (2018)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau aggregates in several cortical brain regions. Tau phosphorylation causes formation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. Phosphorylation at tau Ser202/Thr205 is well characterized since labeling of this site is used to assign Braak stage based on occurrence of neurofibrillary tangles. Only little is known about the spatial and temporal phosphorylation profile of other phosphorylated tau (ptau) sites. Here, we investigate total tau and ptau at residues Tyr18, Ser199, Ser202/Thr205, Thr231, Ser262, Ser396, Ser422 as well as amyloid-β plaques in human brain tissue of AD patients and controls. Allo- and isocortical brain regions were evaluated applying rater-independent automated quantification based on digital image analysis. We found that the level of ptau at several residues, like Ser199, Ser202/Thr205, and Ser422 was similar in healthy controls and Braak stages I to IV but was increased in Braak stage V/VI throughout the entire isocortex and transentorhinal cortex. Quantification of ThioS-stained plaques showed a similar pattern. Only tau phosphorylation at Tyr18 and Thr231 was already significantly increased in the transentorhinal region at Braak stage III/IV and hence showed a progressive increase with increasing Braak stages. Additionally, the increase in phosphorylation relative to controls was highest at Tyr18, Thr231 and Ser199. By contrast, Ser396 tau and Ser262 tau showed only a weak phosphorylation in all analyzed brain regions and only minor progression. Our results suggest that the ptau burden in the isocortex is comparable between all analyzed ptau sites when using a quantitative approach while levels of ptau at Tyr18 or Thr231 in the transentorhinal region are different between all Braak stages. Hence these sites could be crucial in the pathogenesis of AD already at early stages and therefore represent putative novel therapeutic targets.
FER-1 regulates Ca2+-mediated membrane fusion during <i>C. elegans</i> spermatogenesis (2006)

FER-1 is required for fusion of specialized vesicles, called membranous organelles, with the sperm plasma membrane during Caenorhabditis elegans spermiogenesis. To investigate its role in membranous organelle fusion, we examined ten fer-1 mutations and found that they all cause the same defect in membrane fusion. FER-1 and the ferlin protein family are membrane proteins with four to seven C2 domains. These domains commonly mediate Ca2+ -dependent lipid-processing events. Most of the fer-1 mutations fall within these C2 domains, showing that they have distinct, non-redundant functions. We found that membranous organelle fusion requires intracellular Ca2+ and that C2 domain mutations alter Ca2+ sensitivity. This suggests that the C2 domains are involved in Ca2+ sensing and further supports their independent function. Using two immunological approaches we found three FER-1 isoforms, two of which might arise from FER-1 by proteolysis. By both light and electron microscopy, these FER-1 proteins were found to be localized to membranous organelle membranes. Dysferlin, a human homologue of FER-1 involved in muscular dystrophy, is required for vesicle fusion during Ca2+ -induced muscle membrane repair. Our results suggest that the ferlin family members share a conserved mechanism to regulate cell-type-specific membrane fusion.
Control of growth and normal differentiation in leukemic cells: Regulation of the developmental program and restoration of the normal phenotype in myeloid leukemia (1982)

The origin and evolution of malignancy involves a sequence of genetic changes. Evidence has, however, been obtained with various types of tumors that malignant cells have not lost the genes that control normal growth and differentiation. An in vitro cloning and cell culture system has been developed to determine and dissect the controls that regulate normal myeloid cell growth, differentiation, and malignancy and to suggest a new approach to the therapy of myeloid leukemia based on the induction of normal differentiation in malignant cells. Experiments on induction of normal cell differentiation and restoration of the normal phenotype in myeloid leukemia by the physiological inducer of differentiation, the appropriate molecular form of the macrophage and granulocyte-inducing protein MGI, have also been used to formulate a general model for regulation of developmental programs and the origin and evolution of the malignancy.
Molecular Design of Calix[4]arene-Based Sodium-Selective Electrodes Which Show Remarkably High 105.0–105.3 Sodium/Potassium Selectivity (1994)

Abstract Several ionophores for the Na+-selective electrode were developed from calix[4]arene crown ethers with a short –(CH2CH2O)2CH2CH2– crown loop on the lower rim. The ionophoric cavities generated in these ionophores are much smaller and more rigid than those derived from calix[4]arene crown ethers with a long –(CH2CH2O)3CH2CH2– crown loop. It was shown that two electrodes possess Na+ selectivity (with respect to K+) exceeding a factor of 105 which is higher by more than two orders of magnitude than that of the former calix[4]arene-based Na+-selective electrodes!
Preparation of y-doped zirconia by emulsion technique (1988)

Spherical Y-doped zirconia powders have been prepared from water in oil-emulsions of acid stabilized aqueous sols. The precipitation of hydroxides inside the droplets was achieved by an ion exchange process between the aqueous phase and an anion exchange resin, using a phase transfer catalyst as a carrier for the anions through the organic solvent. Azeotropic distillation of the water caused a densification to spherical amorphous particles. Filtration, drying and calcination led to the formation of a tetragonal zirconia powder. Isostatically pressed powder compacts sintered at 1650°C to theoretical density.
Studies on the Phenylphenol Derivatives with Biological Activity (1968)

A number of compounds structurally related to phenylphenols were systematically synthesized as herbicides. Some of nitro-substituted derivatives show strong activity in pre-emergence test. The herbicidal activity of this series appears to relate with the pK-value of the compound.
Compressed sensing undersampled MRI reconstruction using iterative shrinkage thresholding based on NSST (2014)

Compressed sensing (CS) has great potential for use in reducing data acquisition time in MRI. Generally sparsity is used as a prior knowledge to improve the quality of reconstructed image. In this paper, we propose an effective compressed sensing rapid MR imaging method incorporating Non-Subsampled Shearlet transform (NSST) sparsity prior information for MR image reconstruction from highly undersampled k-space data. In particular, we have implemented the more flexible decomposition with 2n directional subbands at each scale using NSST to obtain the prominent sparser representation for MR images. In addition, the mixed L1-L2 norm of the coefficients from the prior component and residual component is used to enforce joint sparsity. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly increase signal sparsity and improve the ill-conditioning of MR imaging system using NSST sparsity regularization. The evaluations on a T2-weighted brain image and a MR phantom experiment demonstrate superior performance of the proposed method in terms of reconstruction error reduction, detail preservation and aliasing, Gibbs ringing artifacts suppression compared to state-of-the-art technique. Its performance in objective evaluation indices outperforms conventional CS-MRI methods prominently.