gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variability aware cell library optimization for reliable sub-threshold operation (2012)

Standard cell libraries are designed focusing on the best performance-area trade-off for a technology at nominal supply. Scaling supply voltages emphasizes the effects of systematic or random variation. We revisit existing approaches and present two new design points in standard CMOS that target variability hardened standard cells integrated into the digital design flow. They are optimized for dynamic and stand-by power, respectively. A speed-up from 1.4 to more than 3x is achieved on cell level. These gains are preserved in the example of an FIR filter while even improving in energy efficiency. The analysis and design has been performed in a low-power 40nm CMOS technology.
Formation of Cocrystal Nanorods by Solid-State Reaction of Tetracyanobenzene in 9-Methylanthracene Molecular Crystal Nanorods (2009)

The reaction of single-component molecular crystal nanorods with a second species to form cocrystal nanorods is described. Single-component crystalline nanorods, composed of 9-methylanthracene (9-MA), are grown in a porous anodic aluminum oxide template. These templated rods are then exposed to a suspension of 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) in water, which slowly diffuses into the 9-MA rods over the course of days. The two species form a 1:1 charge-transfer complex within the rods, which are transformed from crystalline 9-MA into cocrystalline 9-MA/TCNB. The cocrystal nanorods are characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and optical spectroscopy, confirming their highly crystalline structure and the formation of the charge-transfer complex. Attempts to grow cocrystal nanorods directly from a mixed solution were unsuccessful, as were attempts to recreate the single crystal-to-crystal reaction in macroscopic crystals. This work demonstrates how organic nanostructures can support structure-preserving chemical transformations that are impossible in larger crystals.
Clinically Significant Information Extraction from Radiology Reports (2017)

Radiology reports are one of the most important medical documents that a diagnostician looks into, especially in the emergency context. They provide the emergency physicians with critical information regarding the condition of the patient and help the physicians take immediate action on urgent conditions. However, the reports are in the form of unstructured text, which makes them time consuming for humans to interpret. We have developed a machine learning system to (a) efficiently extract the clinically significant parts and their level of importance in radiology reports, and (b) to classifies the overall report into critical or non-critical categories which help doctors to identify potential high priority reports. As a starting point, the system uses anonymized chest X-RAY reports of adults and provides three levels of importance for medical phrases. We used the Conditional Random Field (CRF) model to identify clinically significant phrases with an average f1-score of 0.75. The proposed system includes a web-based interface which highlights the medical phrases, and their level of importance to the emergency physician. The overall classification of the report is performed using the phrases extracted from the CRF model as features for the classifier. Average accuracy achieved is 85%.
On pipelining dynamic instruction scheduling logic (2000)

A machine's performance is the product of its IPC (Instructions Per Cycle) and clock frequency. Recently, S. Palacharla et al. (1997) warned that the dynamic instruction scheduling logic for current machines performs an atomic operation. Either you sacrifice IPC by pipelining this logic, thereby eliminating its ability to execute dependent instructions in consecutive cycles. Or you sacrifice clock frequency by not pipelining it, performing this atomic operation in a single long cycle. Both alternatives are unacceptable for high performance. The paper offers a third, acceptable, alternative: pipelined scheduling with speculative wakeup. This technique pipelines the scheduling logic without eliminating its ability to execute dependent instructions in consecutive cycles. With this technique, you sacrifice little IPC, and no clock frequency. Our results show that on the SPECint95 benchmarks, a machine using this technique has an average IPC that is 13% greater than the IPC of a baseline machine that pipelines the scheduling logic but sacrifices the ability to execute dependent instructions in consecutive cycles, and within 2% of the IPC of a conventional machine that uses single cycle scheduling logic.
Validation of the Structure-Function Properties Of α-Hordothionin and Derivatives Through Protein Modeling (1993)

Journal Article Validation of the Structure-Function Properties Of α-Hordothionin and Derivatives Through Protein Modeling Get access A.Gururaj Rao, A.Gururaj Rao *Dept. of Biotechnology Research,Pioneer Hi-Bred Intnl,7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston Iowa 50322 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Hassan, M. Hassan ¶BIOSYM Technologies, Inc.9685 Scranton Road, San Diego, California 92121 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Hempel J. Hempel ¶BIOSYM Technologies, Inc.9685 Scranton Road, San Diego, California 92121 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Protein Engineering, Design and Selection, Volume 6, Issue Supplement, 1993, Page 117, https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/6.Supplement.117--b Published: 01 January 1993
Reusable Non-Interactive Secure Computation. (2018)

We consider the problem of Non-Interactive Two-Party Secure Computation (NISC), where Rachel wishes to publish an encryption of her input x, in such a way that any other party, who holds an input y, can send her a single message which conveys to her the value f(x, y), and nothing more. We demand security against malicious parties. While such protocols are easy to construct using garbled circuits and general non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs, this approach inherently makes a non-black-box use of the underlying cryptographic primitives and is infeasible in practice.
Pain in venous leg ulcers (1997)

A prospective study was conducted to assess the prevalence, severity and diagnostic utility of pain in patients with venous leg ulcers. A semi-structured questionnaire was completed by 140 consecutive patients in two specialist centres caring for patients with leg ulcers. A high proportion (64%) of the 94 patients with ulcers of purely venous aetiology reported severe pain; 50% of these patients were taking either mild analgesia or none at all. In 10 of 72 cases, leg elevation made the pain worse. Venous ulcers are painful. Pain in three distinct locations was reported by patients-within ulcers, around ulcers and elsewhere in the leg. The presence of severe pain does not necessarily indicate arterial disease or infection. Pain is, in general, inadequately controlled in these patients.
Characteristics of Shape Control in an Asymmetric Cluster Mill (1984)

An asymmetric cluster mill has been developed modifying an existing four-high mill to attain higher reduction than four-high mill or six-high mill. The upper part of the mill is of six-cluster roll structure with a small work roll, two intermediate rolls and three backup rolls. The lower part is of two-roll structure with a large work roll and a backup roll. Furthermore, this mill has a crown-bender and an intermediate roll-bender to control strip shape over a wide range from edge waving to center buckling or from center-edge buckling to quarter buckling. It is considered that the asymmetric cluster mill will show excellent shape controllability to reduce shape faults, especially quarter buckling which occurs in the wide strip rolled by a four-high mill.
Fractionation and Molecular Weight of Rubber and Gutta-Percha (1942)

Abstract 1. Evaporated latex films and Bolivian fine para contain a chloroform-soluble fraction of about 62 per cent, whereas the soluble portion of crepe and smoked sheets is about 86 per cent. The average molecular weight of these sols, which contain the low polymers and “resin”, range from about 130,000 to 180,000, the more soluble type having the lower value. 2. Diffusion and precipitation methods were employed to fractionate R. C. M. A. crepe, and the following data indicate the approximate composition and molecular weight range of the soluble hydrocarbon fractions separated: 3. The chloroform-insoluble portion of crepe contains a nonlinear type of hydrocarbon, judged by x-ray and viscosity studies. These methods show that the chloroform-insoluble portion of ammonia-preserved latex films contain extremely high-molecular rubber hydrocarbon which is easily oriented to give the regular x-ray crystalline pattern for rubber. 4. Freshly tapped latex contains a large proportion of petroleum-ether-soluble fraction, which becomes insoluble in this solvent on standing in the presence of ammonia. Ammonia-preserved latex films are soluble in chloroform or in hexane containing alcohol-acetone or acetic acid; this insolubility is thus an association effect, which is overcome by the addition of a polar solvent. 5. Viscosity studies on fractions of balata and gutta-percha show that their hydrocarbons have an average molecular weight of about 42,000 and cover a narrow polymeric range.
Markov chain modelling of the solution surface in local search (2002)

AbstractWhen local search methods are applied to combinatorial optimisation problems it is the characteristics of the solution surface that determine the effectiveness of the method. This paper aims to advance our understanding of solution surface characteristics. The focus is on the basin of attraction associated with each local minimum; that is the set of solutions from which a particular local minimum is reached by following downhill local search. A Markov chain model is proposed for the behaviour of the function values occurring in a random walk on the solution surface. The probability transition matrix can be estimated and this is used to estimate both the shape and the size of the basins of attraction. In order to test this approach a study is made of the problem of minimising weighted flowtime on unrelated parallel machines.Keywords: local search heuristicslandscapesoptimisationscheduling
Resolving constraint conflicts (2004)

In this paper, we define constraint conflicts and examine properties that may aid in guiding their resolution. A constraint conflict is an inconsistency between the access control policy and the constraints specified to limit that policy. For example, a policy that permits a high integrity subject to access low integrity data is in conflict with a Biba integrity constraint. Constraint conflicts differ from typical policy conflicts in that constraints are never supposed to be violated. That is, a conflict with a constraint results in a policy compilation error, whereas policy conflicts are resolved at runtime. As we have found in the past, when constraint conflicts occur in a specification a variety of resolutions are both possible and practical. In this paper, we detail some key formal properties of constraint conflicts and show how these are useful in guiding conflict resolution. We use the SELinux example policy for Linux 2.4.19 as the source of our constraint conflicts and resolution examples. The formal properties are used to guide the selection of resolutions and provide a basis for a resolution language that we apply to resolve conflicts in the SELinux example policy.
Phase 2 Safety Trial Targeting Amyloid β Production With a γ-Secretase Inhibitor in Alzheimer Disease (2008)

LY450139 was generally well tolerated at doses of up to 140 mg/d for 14 weeks, with several findings indicating the need for close clinical monitoring in future studies. Decreases in plasma Abeta concentrations were consistent with inhibition of gamma-secretase. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00244322.
Characterization of the Porous CaO Particles Formed by Decomposition of CaCO <sup>3</sup> and Ca(OH) <sup>2</sup> in Vacuum (1980)

The solid products of decomposing CaCO 3 powder in vacuum at 510°C (sr‐CaO) and of decomposing Ca(OH) 2 powder at 320°C in vacuum (h‐CaO) are particles which have approximately the same exterior dimensions as the parent CaCO 3 or Ca(OH) 2 particles. N 2 adsorption and desorption isotherms show that sr‐and h‐CaO have high internal surface areas which for sr‐CaO have cylindrical symmetry, with the most common diameters being ∼ 10 nm, and for h‐CaO are slit‐shaped, with the most common slit width being ∼ 2.7 nm. The conclusions reached in earlier investigations, i.e that these decomposition reactions in vacuum initially yield a form of CaO which has the same unit cell dimensions as the parent solid, were in error, probably because water vapor converts much of the CaO to poorly crystalline Ca(OH) 2 before XRD measurements can be completed in air. From the volume of N 2 adsorbed by the porous powders, the porosity of h‐CaO is calculated to be 36±5% and of sr‐CaO 41.5±5%. These porosities imply that the linear dimensions of the 1 to 20 μm particles of h‐CaO and sr‐CaO are ∼5% smaller than those of the parent particles. XRD measurements made as a function of time show that particle shrinkage must occur by cooperative, diffusionless movement of crystallites of sr‐CaO or h‐CaO as they form.
Induction of Particle Polymorphism by <i>Cucumber Necrosis Virus</i> Coat Protein Mutants In Vivo (2007)

The Cucumber necrosis virus (CNV) particle is a T=3 icosahedron consisting of 180 identical coat protein (CP) subunits. Plants infected with wild-type CNV accumulate a high number of T=3 particles, but other particle forms have not been observed. Particle polymorphism in several T=3 icosahedral viruses has been observed in vitro following the removal of an extended N-terminal region of the CP subunit. In the case of CNV, we have recently described the structure of T=1 particles that accumulate in planta during infection by a CNV mutant (R1+2) in which a large portion of the N-terminal RNA binding domain (R-domain) has been deleted. In this report we further describe properties of this mutant and other CP mutants that produce polymorphic particles. The T=1 particles produced by R1+2 mutants were found to encapsidate a 1.9-kb RNA species as well as smaller RNA species that are similar to previously described CNV defective interfering RNAs. Other R-domain mutants were found to encapsidate a range of specifically sized less-than-full-length CNV RNAs. Mutation of a conserved proline residue in the arm domain near its junction with the shell domain also influenced T=1 particle formation. The proportion of polymorphic particles increased when the mutation was incorporated into R-domain deletion mutants. Our results suggest that both the R-domain and the arm play important roles in the formation of T=3 particles. In addition, the encapsidation of specific CNV RNA species by individual mutants indicates that the R-domain plays a role in the nature of CNV RNA encapsidated in particles.
Longitudinal study of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection using viral dynamic modelling (2007)

Rates of HSV-2 reactivation, shedding and recurrence generally decline over time but remain high in some individuals 4-5 years after primary infection. Viral dynamic modelling provides quantification of HSV infection that cannot be obtained by other methods.
Channel robust speaker verification via feature mapping (2003)

In speaker recognition applications, channel variability is a major cause of errors. Techniques in the feature, model and score domains have been applied to mitigate channel effects. In this paper we present a new feature mapping technique that maps feature vectors into a channel independent space. The feature mapping learns mapping parameters from a set of channel-dependent models derived from a channel-independent model via MAP adaptation. The technique is developed primarily for speaker verification, but can be applied for feature normalization in speech recognition applications. Results are presented on NIST landline and cellular telephone speech corpora where it is shown that feature mapping provides significant performance improvements over baseline systems and similar performance to Hnorm and speaker-model-synthesis (SMS).
D-band rectangular-waveguide-output uni-travelling-carrier photodiode module (2005)

A uni-travelling-carrier photodiode module with a WR-6 waveguide output port for operation in the D-band has been developed. The bandwidth with the output power above −10 dBm ranged from 104 to 185 GHz. The module stability was also confirmed under an optical input stress test, a temperature cycle test, and mechanical vibration and shock tests.
Dynamic line integral convolution for visualizing streamline evolution (2003)

The depiction of time-dependent vector fields is a central problem in scientific visualization. This article describes a technique for generating animations of such fields where the motion of the streamlines to be visualized is given by a second "motion" vector field. Each frame of our animation is a line integral convolution of the original vector field with a time-varying input texture. The texture is evolved according to the associated motion vector field via an automatically adjusted set of random particles. We demonstrate this technique with examples from electromagnetism.
A Situationally Aware Voice‐commandable Robotic Forklift Working Alongside People in Unstructured Outdoor Environments (2014)

One long‐standing challenge in robotics is the realization of mobile autonomous robots able to operate safely in human workplaces, and be accepted by the human occupants. We describe the development of a multiton robotic forklift intended to operate alongside people and vehicles, handling palletized materials within existing, active outdoor storage facilities. The system has four novel characteristics. The first is a multimodal interface that allows users to efficiently convey task‐level commands to the robot using a combination of pen‐based gestures and natural language speech. These tasks include the manipulation, transport, and placement of palletized cargo within dynamic, human‐occupied warehouses. The second is the robot's ability to learn the visual identity of an object from a single user‐provided example and use the learned model to reliably and persistently detect objects despite significant spatial and temporal excursions. The third is a reliance on local sensing that allows the robot to handle variable palletized cargo and navigate within dynamic, minimally prepared environments without a global positioning system. The fourth concerns the robot's operation in close proximity to people, including its human supervisor, pedestrians who may cross or block its path, moving vehicles, and forklift operators who may climb inside the robot and operate it manually. This is made possible by interaction mechanisms that facilitate safe, effective operation around people. This paper provides a comprehensive description of the system's architecture and implementation, indicating how real‐world operational requirements motivated key design choices. We offer qualitative and quantitative analyses of the robot operating in real settings and discuss the lessons learned from our effort.
Discovery and Preclinical Development of IIIM-290, an Orally Active Potent Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor (2018)

Rohitukine (1), a chromone alkaloid isolated from Indian medicinal plant Dysoxylum binectariferum, has inspired the discovery of flavopiridol and riviciclib, both of which are bioavailable only via intravenous route. With the objective to address the oral bioavailability issue of this scaffold, four series of rohitukine derivatives were prepared and screened for Cdk inhibition and cellular antiproliferative activity. The 2,6-dichloro-styryl derivative IIIM-290 (11d) showed strong inhibition of Cdk-9/T1 (IC<sub>50</sub> 1.9 nM) kinase and Molt-4/MIAPaCa-2 cell growth (GI<sub>50</sub> < 1.0 μM) and was found to be highly selective for cancer cells over normal fibroblast cells. It inhibited the cell growth of MIAPaCa-2 cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis. It achieved 71% oral bioavailability with in vivo efficacy in pancreatic, colon, and leukemia xenografts at 50 mg/kg, po. It did not have CYP/efflux-pump liability, was not mutagenic/genotoxic or cardiotoxic, and was metabolically stable. The preclinical data presented herein indicates the potential of 11d for advancement in clinical studies.
A Circuit for Generating Polynomials and Finding Their Zeros (1951)

This paper describes an instrument for generating any polynomial and for finding the roots of any polynomial equation to any desired degree of accuracy.
<i>In situ</i> real-time monitoring of profile evolution during plasma etching of mesoporous low-dielectric-constant SiO2 (2005)

We have employed attenuated total reflection Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIRS) to monitor the profile evolution of patterned mesoporous, low-dielectric-constant SiO2 films in situ and in real time during plasma etching. A stack of patterned photoresist, anti-reflective coating, and mesoporous SiO2 is etched in an inductively coupled plasma reactor, using CHF3 and Ar. During etching, the IR absorbance of Si–O–Si stretching modes near 1080cm−1 decreases, and the rate of decrease in Si–O–Si absorbance translates to the SiO2 removal rate. When corrected for the exponentially decaying evanescent electric field, the removal rate helps monitor the profile evolution and predict the final etch profile. The predicted profiles are in excellent agreement with the cross-sectional images taken by scanning electron microscopy. In a similar approach, we calculate the absolute total number of C–F bonds in the sidewall passivation and observe its formation rate as a function of time. Assuming that the thickness of the sidewall passivation tapers down towards the trench bottom, we deduce that C–F formation occurs mostly in the final stage of etching when the trench bottom meets the Ge ATR crystal and that a critical amount of C–F buildup is necessary to maintain the anisotropic etch profile.
Sec61p is adjacent to nascent type I and type II signal-anchor proteins during their membrane insertion. (1993)

We have identified membrane components which are adjacent to type I and type II signal-anchor proteins during their insertion into the membrane of the ER. Using two different cross-linking approaches a 37-38-kD nonglycosylated protein, previously identified as P37 (High, S., D. Görlich, M. Wiedmann, T. A. Rapoport, and B. Dobberstein. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 113:35-44), was found adjacent to all the membrane inserted nascent chains used in this study. On the basis of immunoprecipitation, this ER protein was shown to be identical to the recently identified mammalian Sec61 protein. Thus, Sec61p is the principal cross-linking partner of both type I and type II signal-anchor proteins during their membrane insertion (this work), and of secretory proteins during their translocation (Görlich, D., S. Prehn, E. Hartmann, K.-U. Kalies, and T. A. Rapoport. 1992. Cell. 71:489-503). We propose that membrane proteins of both orientations, and secretory proteins employ the same ER translocation sites, and that Sec61p is a core component of these sites.