gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paper Chromatography of Substituted Trinitrobenzenes. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPaper Chromatography of Substituted Trinitrobenzenes.D. M. ColmanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 6, 652–654Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60199a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60199a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The C2 Domain of the Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Nedd4 Mediates Ca2+-dependent Plasma Membrane Localization (1997)

Neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4 (Nedd4) is a ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) containing a hect domain, 3 or 4 WW domains, and a putative C2 domain. We have recently demonstrated an association between the WW domains of Nedd4 and the proline-rich PY motifs (XPPXY) of the epithelial Na+ channel, as well as with PY motifs of several other proteins. The role of the putative C2 domain of Nedd4 has not been elucidated. Here we show that Nedd4, endogenously expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, was redistributed from the cytosolic to the particulate fraction in response to ionomycin plus Ca2+ treatment. A similar treatment of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells led to an apical and lateral membrane localization of Nedd4, as determined by immunostaining and confocal microscopy. The C2 domain of Nedd4, expressed as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein, was sufficient to bind cellular membranes in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Moreover, this GST-Nedd4-C2 domain was able to mediate Ca2+-dependent interactions with phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylcholine liposomes in vitro. An epitope-tagged Nedd4 lacking its C2 domain and stably expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells failed to mediate the Ca2+-induced plasma membrane localization seen in wild-type (epitope-tagged) Nedd4. These results indicate that the putative C2 domain of Nedd4 acts as a bona fide C2 domain which binds phospholipids and membranes in a Ca2+-dependent fashion and is involved in localizing the protein primarily to the apical region of polarized epithelial cells in response to Ca2+.
DNA expansions generated by human Polµ on iterative sequences (2012)

Polµ is the only DNA polymerase equipped with template-directed and terminal transferase activities. Polµ is also able to accept distortions in both primer and template strands, resulting in misinsertions and extension of realigned mismatched primer terminus. In this study, we propose a model for human Polµ-mediated dinucleotide expansion as a function of the sequence context. In this model, Polµ requires an initial dislocation, that must be subsequently stabilized, to generate large sequence expansions at different 5'-P-containing DNA substrates, including those that mimic non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) intermediates. Our mechanistic studies point at human Polµ residues His(329) and Arg(387) as responsible for regulating nucleotide expansions occurring during DNA repair transactions, either promoting or blocking, respectively, iterative polymerization. This is reminiscent of the role of both residues in the mechanism of terminal transferase activity. The iterative synthesis performed by Polµ at various contexts may lead to frameshift mutations producing DNA damage and instability, which may end in different human disorders, including cancer or congenital abnormalities.
Dietary and Drug Treatment of Primary Hyperlipoproteinemia (1972)

The first step in the management of primary hyperlipidemia is its translation into hyperlipoproteinemia, which can be done by measuring the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and noting the appearance of the plasma left overnight at 4 °C. Diet is the keystone of effective therapy. In type I hyperlipoproteinemia diet (very low-fat) is the only therapy. Type lla is best treated by the combination of a low-cholesterol diet enriched with polyunsaturated fat and cholestyramine. In types III, IV, and V, calorie restriction with reduction to ideal body weight should be followed by a maintenance diet controlled in fat or carbohydrate, or both. Clofibrate is extremely effective in type III; it may sometimes be useful in types IV and V, but, when not contraindicated, nicotinic acid is usually more effective. Since all of the currrently available hypolipidemic drugs are associated with some side effects, and their use is often based on a still unproved presumption (that if lipids are lowered so is the risk of coronary artery disease), they should be used with circumspection.
Nuclear membrane receptors and channels: Potential therapeutical targets for drug action (1997)

The recent use of confocal microscopy showed for the first time that the nucleus plays an important role in excitation-contraction and secretion coupling of several excitable and nonexcitable cells. It was also suggested that, like the sarcolemma membrane, the nuclear membrane indeed possesses channels as well as receptors which could play a major role in modulating Ca2+ influx and cytosolic Ca2+ buffering capacity of the nucleus. In this study, the mechanism(s) of Ca2+ entry through the sarcolemma and the nuclear membrane during spontaneous contraction of heart cells and during sustained stimulation of ET-1 and Ang-II receptors were examined in cardiomyocytes as well as in human vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. During spontaneous contraction of heart cells, the cytosolic Ca2+ increase was immediately followed by a transient increase of nuclear Ca2+, both of which were blocked by the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker apamine at a concentration of 100 nM. Sustained stimulation of bradykinin, Ang-II, or ET-1 receptors induced a sustained increase of intracellular Ca2+ which was mainly nuclear. Using the cell attached patch clamp configuration, the potent voltage-dependent steady-state R-type Ca2+ channel blocker PN200-110 (in the presence of the specific L-type Ca2+-blocker nifedipine) decreased the PAF-induced increase of the probability of opening the sarcolemmal steady-state resting voltage-dependent R-type Ca2+ channel. The use of an Ang-II fluorescent probe and sarcolemmal perforated technique showed that Ang II receptors are also located at the nuclear membrane level. These results demonstrate that like the sarcolemmal membrane, the nuclear membrane possesses receptors as well as channels that could be a target for cytosolic free hormones, and thus also constituting a new target for drug action. Drug Dev. Res. 42:211–222, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Low-profile helical array antenna fed from a radial waveguide (1992)

A low-profile array antenna composed of two-turn 4 degrees pitch angle helices is designed for a frequency band of 11.7 GHz to 12.0 GHz. The feed wire of each helix is inserted into a radial waveguide through a small hole and excited by a traveling wave flowing in the transverse electromagnetic mode between the two parallel plates of the waveguide. The measured aperture efficiency shows a maximum value of 77% for a beam radiated in the normal direction and 69% for a 30 degrees beam tilt.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study of uniformity of high performance AlInN HEMT with ultra‐thin barrier (2011)

Abstract High performance AlInN/AlN HEMTs with Ga free barrier and sharp interface have been demonstrated with excellent control of sheet resistance and uniformity. As the total barrier thickness reduce to below 4 nm, the depletion of 2DEG channel start to accelerate, and consequently the sheet resistant uniformity degrades due to the difficulty in individual thickness uniformity control at this level. Significant better uniformity was achieved after improvement in AlN process. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
[Syphilis and AIDS: a historical comparison]. (1991)

The present work displays the analogies and differences among syphilis and AIDS concerning appearance, evolution, symptoms, treatment, prophylaxis, spreading, as well as their names' origin. A comparative analysis among both diseases in terms of causes, clinical evolution and therapeutic essays is established. Venezuelan health institutions' effectiveness in fighting these diseases is evaluated.
AttributeTrust A Framework for Evaluating Trust in Aggregated Attributes via a Reputation System (2008)

To enable a rich attribute-based authorization system, it is desirable that a large number of user attributes are available, possibly provided by multiple entities. The user may be required to aggregate his attributes and present them to a service provider to prove he has the right to access some service. In this paper, we present AttributeTrust - a policy-based privacy enhanced framework for aggregating user attributes and evaluating confidence in these attributes. We envision a future where attribute providers will be commonplace and service providers will face the problem of choosing one among multiple attribute providers that can provide the same user attribute. In AttributeTrust, we address this problem by means of a reputation system model based on transitive trust. Entities express confidence in other entities to supply trusted attributes, forming chains from a service provider to different attribute providers. A service provider uses this transitive reputation to decide whether to accept a particular attribute from a specific attribute provider.We discuss how the AttributeTrust model prevents common attacks on reputation systems. AttributeTrust differs from the current approaches by deriving its attack resistance from its specific context of attribute provisioning, its voting mechanism formulation, and unique properties of its confidence relationships.
Adaptive job and resource management for the growing quantum cloud (2021)

As the popularity of quantum computing continues to grow, efficient quantum machine access over the cloud is critical to both academic and industry researchers across the globe. And as cloud quantum computing demands increase exponentially, the analysis of resource consumption and execution characteristics are key to efficient management of jobs and resources at both the vendor-end as well as the client-end. While the analysis and optimization of job / resource consumption and management are popular in the classical HPC domain, it is severely lacking for more nascent technology like quantum computing.This paper proposes optimized adaptive job scheduling to the quantum cloud taking note of primary characteristics such as queuing times and fidelity trends across machines, as well as other characteristics such as quality of service guarantees and machine calibration constraints. Key components of the proposal include a) a prediction model which predicts fidelity trends across machine based on compiled circuit features such as circuit depth and different forms of errors, as well as b) queuing time prediction for each machine based on execution time estimations.Overall, this proposal is evaluated on simulated IBM machines across a diverse set of quantum applications and system loading scenarios, and is able to reduce wait times by over 3x and improve fidelity by over 40% on specific usecases, when compared to traditional job schedulers.
Towards Skeleton Based Reconstruction: From Projective Skeletonization to Canal Surface Estimation (2015)

We present a novel approach to reconstruct a 3D object from images corresponding to two different viewpoints: we estimate the skeleton of the object instead of its surface. The originality of the method is to be able to reconstruct a complete tubular 3D object from only two input images. Unlike classical reconstruction methods like multiview stereo, this approach does not rely on interest points but estimates the topology of the object and derives its surface. Our contributions are twofold. First, given two perspective images of the 3D shape, the projection of the skeleton is computed in 2D. Second the 3D skeleton is reconstructed from the two projections using triangulation and matching. A mesh is finally derived for each skeleton branch.
Limited Mitochondrial Permeabilization Causes DNA Damage and Genomic Instability in the Absence of Cell Death (2015)

During apoptosis, the mitochondrial outer membrane is permeabilized, leading to the release of cytochrome c that activates downstream caspases. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) has historically been thought to occur synchronously and completely throughout a cell, leading to rapid caspase activation and apoptosis. Using a new imaging approach, we demonstrate that MOMP is not an all-or-nothing event. Rather, we find that a minority of mitochondria can undergo MOMP in a stress-regulated manner, a phenomenon we term "minority MOMP." Crucially, minority MOMP leads to limited caspase activation, which is insufficient to trigger cell death. Instead, this caspase activity leads to DNA damage that, in turn, promotes genomic instability, cellular transformation, and tumorigenesis. Our data demonstrate that, in contrast to its well-established tumor suppressor function, apoptosis also has oncogenic potential that is regulated by the extent of MOMP. These findings have important implications for oncogenesis following either physiological or therapeutic engagement of apoptosis.
Sub-pixel Profiling (2006)

A procedure is described that enables a high resolution profile to be obtained across an edge or line. The method works by first performing a sub-pixel estimation of each point on the edge or line assuming a parabolic sub-pixel profile. A second stage fits a high order model along the length of the line, allowing any bias in the original sub-pixel fit to be estimated by applying a low order model to the residuals. Successive rows within the image are then fused to increase the sample rate and provide a sub-pixel profile of the line. The procedure is illustrated by obtaining the profile of a noisy edge
Avirulence proteins from haustoria-forming pathogens (2007)

A major insight that has emerged in the study of haustoria-forming plant pathogens over the last few years is that these eukaryotic biotrophs deliver suites of secreted proteins into host cells during infection. This insight has largely derived from successful efforts to identify avirulence (Avr) genes and their products from these pathogens. These Avr genes, identified from a rust and a powdery mildew fungus and three oomycete species, encode small proteins that are recognized by resistance proteins in the host plant cytoplasm, suggesting that they are transported inside plant cells during infection. These Avr proteins probably represent examples of fungal and oomycete effector proteins with important roles in subverting host cell biology during infection. In this respect, they represent a new opportunity to understand the basis of disease caused by these biotrophic pathogens. Elucidating how these pathogen proteins gain entry into plant cells and their biological function will be key questions for future research.
Chimney Effect on Natural Air Cooling of Electronic Equipment Under Inclination (2004)

With the rapid increase of the power dissipation density in modern electronic equipment, the cooling design of electronic equipment becomes increasingly important. For widely used forced-convection air-cooled systems, the reliability of and the acoustic noise of the fan present serious concerns as the air velocity is increased to enhance the cooling capacity. Thus, the interest in natural-convection air cooling is growing to take advantage of low noise and energy savings inherent in that cooling mode. One method of promoting the capacity of natural air cooling is to incline the electronics casing, thereby, induce draft air by what is called the chimney effect. However, the effect of inclination on thermal behavior and cooling capacity has not yet been fully understood due to the involvement of many parameters in driving the draft air. This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical studies on the effect of casing inclination on the temperature rise across the casing. The numerical simulation was implemented to find out the thermal behavior inside a thin electronic casing. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment data. A thermal design guide is obtained regarding how the cooling effect is improved by increasing the inclination angle.
Serum From Patients With Severe Heart Failure Downregulates eNOS and Is Proapoptotic (1999)

Serum from patients with severe CHF downregulates eNOS expression and increases apoptosis. High levels of TNF-alpha likely play a role, but they cannot be the only factor responsible.
A Rapid Life-Prediction Approach for PBGA Solder Joints Under Combined Thermal Cycling and Vibration Loading Conditions (2009)

While some electronic products are routinely subjected to concurrent vibration and temperature cycle loading, the ability to accurately model and estimate life expectancy of hardware under such conditions still presents a unique challenge. For combined vibration and temperature cycling, one of the most likely causes of failure is the fatigue of solder interconnects. This paper presents an approach to predict solder joint life under combined thermal cycling and vibration loading conditions, by taking into account temperature effects and loading interactions. Combined loading experiment on a test vehicle populated with PBGA packages was used to demonstrate this approach.
Risk Assessment Models for Wheat Fusarium Head Blight Epidemics Based on Within-Season Weather Data (2003)

ABSTRACT Logistic regression models for wheat Fusarium head blight were developed using information collected at 50 location-years, including four states, representing three different U.S. wheat-production regions. Non-parametric correlation analysis and stepwise logistic regression analysis identified combinations of temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall or durations of specified weather conditions, for 7 days prior to anthesis, and 10 days beginning at crop anthesis, as potential predictor variables. Prediction accuracy of developed logistic regression models ranged from 62 to 85%. Models suitable for application as a disease warning system were identified based on model prediction accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and availability of weather variables at crop anthesis. Four of the identified models correctly classified 84% of the 50 location-years. A fifth model that used only pre-anthesis weather conditions correctly classified 70% of the location-years. The most useful predictor variables were the duration (h) of precipitation 7 days prior to anthesis, duration (h) that temperature was between 15 and 30 degrees C 7 days prior to anthesis, and the duration (h) that temperature was between 15 and 30 degrees C and relative humidity was greater than or equal to 90%. When model performance was evaluated with an independent validation set (n = 9), prediction accuracy was only 6% lower than the accuracy for the original data sets. These results indicate that narrow time periods around crop anthesis can be used to predict Fusarium head blight epidemics.
Importance of alignment between local DC magnetic field and an oscillating magnetic field in responses of brain tissue in vitro and in vivo (1990)

The frequency dependence of the electric and magnetic (EM)-field-induced release of calcium ions from an in vitro brain tissue preparation has been shown to be a function of the density of the local DC magnetic field (Bdc). In this study, we demonstrate that the relative orientation of the Bdc and the magnetic component (Bac) of a 315-Hz EM signal (15 Vrms/m and 61 nTrms) are crucial for the induced release to be observed. The induced release occurs only when the Bdc and the Bac are perpendicular, and not when they are parallel. This finding is consistent with a magnetic resonance-like transduction mechanism for the conversion of EM energy into a physicochemical change, and contrasts with the requirement for parallel Bdc and Bac components in the diatom-mobility experiments of Smith et al. A review of the exposure conditions in the rat behavioral experiments conducted by Thomas et al. identifies unhydrated calcium and zinc ions as alternatives to lithium ions as candidates for interaction under parallel magnetic-field orientations but fails to reject perpendicular orientations as an alternative basis for the phenomenon. Investigators that attempt to confirm the rat behavioral experiments should be aware of the conflicting exposure conditions that can be assumed to be operative, and they should design their experiments to test all conditions accordingly.
Heterogeneous Raney Nickel and Cobalt Catalysts for Racemization and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Amines (2007)

Abstract Raney metals were studied as heterogeneous catalysts for racemization and dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of chiral amines, as an alternative to metals like palladium or ruthenium. Both Raney nickel and cobalt were able to selectively racemize various chiral amines with high selectivity. In the racemization of benzylic primary amines, the minor formation of side products, e.g., secondary amines, can be suppressed by varying the hydrogen pressure. In the racemization of aliphatic amines over Raney catalysts, the selectivity is very high, with the enantiomeric amine as the sole product. DKR of racemic aliphatic amines can be performed with immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B and Raney nickel in one pot; for 2‐hexylamine, a yield of 95 % of the acetylated amide was achieved, with 97 % ee . Attention is devoted to the compatibility of the enzyme and the metal catalyst during the DKR. For benzylic primary amines, a two‐pot process is proposed in which the liquid is alternatingly shuttled between two vessels containing the solid racemization catalyst and the biocatalyst. After 4 such cycles, the amide of ( R )‐1‐phenylethylamine was obtained with 94 % yield and more than 90 % ee .
Assessment of the State-of-the-Art in the Design and Manufacturing of Large Composite Structure (2001)

This viewgraph presentation gives an assessment of the state-of-the-art in the design and manufacturing of large component structures, including details on the use of continuous fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites (CFRP) in commercial and military aircraft and in space launch vehicles. Project risk mitigation plans must include a building-block test approach to structural design development, manufacturing process scale-up development tests, and pre-flight ground tests to verify structural integrity. The potential benefits of composite structures justifies NASA's investment in developing the technology. Advanced composite structures technology is enabling to virtually every Aero-Space Technology Enterprise Goal.