gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of alternate exposure to altitude and sea level on world-class middle-distance runners (1970)

Oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation and performance of 6 champion runners were observed over a 10-week period during which they trained alternately at sea level and 2300-meters altitude. Acute exposure to altitude resulted in a 14% drop in max VO2, 8% slower 1-mile and 10% slower 3-mile running times, and a 7% increase in max VE BTPS. By the 5th week at altitude max Vo2 had risen to within 10% of sea-level control values (within 8% for subjects who had a 6th week at altitude), running times to within 3% and 8% of control, and max VE BTPS to 14% above control. Max VE STPD remained closely related to max Vo2 and max VE BTPS to MVV during all altitude tests. In postaltitude tests max Vo2 was 5% and max VE 9% above prealtitude values. The subjects also ran 14 personal best times in post-altitude races. Vo2 during sub-maximal running was higher following altitude training than before or during altitude tests; the subjects worked at 92–98% of max Vo2 during their 3-mile race pace. It was concluded that intermittent sea-level stays of as long as 11 days did not interfere with altitude acclimatization and that both altitude and post-altitude performances benefited from the program.
Copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and octadecyl acrylate: synthesis, characterization, swelling properties, and reactivity ratios (2012)

The free radical copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and octadecyl acrylate (ODA) was carried out at 70 °C in solution using toluene as solvent and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The copolymer compositions were determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The monomer reactivity ratios were computed using five linear methods at low conversions, i.e. Mayo–Lewis (ML), Fineman–Ross (FR), inverted Fineman-Ross (IFR), Ezrielev–Brokhina– Roskin (EBR) and Kelen–Tudos (KT). The reactivity ratios resulted from different methods are in agreement with each other and showed higher reactivity for GMA monomer in comparison with ODA monomer (FR: r G = 1.29 and r O = 0.68). Crosslinked GMA–ODA copolymers were also prepared using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinker. Thermal properties and swelling behaviors of crosslinked copolymers in different polar and nonpolar solvents were evaluated. GMA incorporation in the crosslinked copolymers improved T g values, while decreased T m quantities and swelling in nonpolar solvents. The swelling values are in the acceptable range and the prepared functional crosslinked copolymers can be used for nonpolar solvents absorbency applications.
Cetrorelix in the treatment of female infertility and endometriosis (2006)

The use of cetrorelix within ovarian-stimulation protocols demonstrates several advantages compared with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist-containing protocols, which include, for example, significantly less time for analogue treatment and a reduction in the amount of gonadotropins needed. Furthermore, fewer side effects can be expected. There is no difference regarding endometrium quality and hormone profiles, and the results of assisted reproduction cycles are comparable. Cetrorelix also seems to be useful in the treatment of endometriosis which, in most cases, is an estrogen-dependent disease. Furthermore, fewer side effects occur with this agent (e.g., postmenopausal symptoms) and no estradiol add-back is needed. In the future, new nonpeptic GnRH antagonists are expected to be available for oral administration. Although they are still under investigation, these agents have the potential to improve patients' comfort and compliance.
Corrosion Protection by electro‐deposited aluminium (1981)

Abstract Aluminium can be deposited on various substrates by using a nonaqueous organic electrolytic system. The metallic deposit has a very high purity and good corrosionprotection properties. It can be used as a substitute for the highly toxic cadium, which is dangerous to the environment. Possible fields of application are protection against corrosion of highstrength steels without any danger of hydrogen embrittlement, the coating of lightweight materials like aluminium, magnesium and titanium alloys and the fabrication of fibre‐reinforced metal matrix composites. MBB have installed a facility for the electro‐deposition of aluminium and have worked in this field for more than three years. This paper discusses the experience and experimental results of the new technology and the possible advantages compared with other techniques.
The Modelling and Exploitation of Spatial Correlation in Spiky Sea Clutter (2006)

A physically based sea clutter model is used to calculate the statistics of sea clutter. The mean radar cross section (RCS) is found to match experimental results and the second moment is found to be consistent with the resolution dependence of the clutter shape parameter. The correlation structure predicted by the model is found, on average, to be consistent with real data, but the latter also shows significant transient coherence. This property may be exploited for sea spike suppression and target detection improvement
Transfer of Landing Skills in Beginning Flight Training (1990)

Beginning flight students from the University of Illinois flight training program were given two sessions of landing practice in a simulator with a computer-animated contact landing display before they commenced intensive landing practice in the aircraft. For each experimental student there was a control student, paired with the same instructor, who received no landing practice in the simulator. Experimental students required significantly fewer presolo landings in the airplane than did the paired controls, representing a potential saving of about 1.5 presolo flight hours per student. These data show that pretraining with a moderately detailed, yet relatively inexpensive, computer-animated landing display can offer worthwhile savings in flight time. Some students were provided adaptive visual augmentation during their simulator training, and there was evidence of incremental transfer attributable to this instructional feature.
DNA decay rate in papyri and human remains from Egyptian archaeological sites (2002)

The writing sheets made with strips from the stem (caulis) of papyri (Cyperus papyrus) are one of the most ingenious products of ancient technology. We extracted DNA from samples of modern papyri varying in age from 0-100 years BP and from ancient specimens from Egypt, with an age-span from 1,300-3,200 years BP. The copy number of the plant chloroplast DNA in the sheets was determined using a competitive PCR system designed on the basis of a short (90 bp) tract of the chloroplast's ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL) gene sequence. The results allowed us to establish that the DNA half-life in papyri is about 19-24 years. This means that the last DNA fragments will vanish within no more than 532-672 years from the sheets being manufactured. In a parallel investigation, we checked the archaeological specimens for the presence of residual DNA and determined the extent of racemization of aspartic (Asp) acid in both modern and ancient specimens, as a previous report (Poinar et al. [1996], Science 272:864-866) showed that racemization of aspartic acid and DNA decay are linked. The results confirmed the complete loss of authentic DNA, even in the less ancient (8th century AD) papyri. On the other hand, when the regression for Asp racemization rates in papyri was compared with that for human and animal remains from Egyptian archaeological sites, it proved, quite surprisingly, that the regressions are virtually identical. Our study provides an indirect argument against the reliability of claims about the recovery of authentic DNA from Egyptian mummies and bone remains.
Lateral Fluid Percussion Brain Injury: A 15-Year Review and Evaluation (2005)

This article comprehensively reviews the lateral fluid percussion (LFP) model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in small animal species with particular emphasis on its validity, clinical relevance and reliability. The LFP model, initially described in 1989, has become the most extensively utilized animal model of TBI (to date, 232 PubMed citations), producing both focal and diffuse (mixed) brain injury. Despite subtle variations in injury parameters between laboratories, universal findings are evident across studies, including histological, physiological, metabolic, and behavioral changes that serve to increase the reliability of the model. Moreover, demonstrable histological damage and severity-dependent behavioral deficits, which partially recover over time, validate LFP as a clinically-relevant model of human TBI. The LFP model, also has been used extensively to evaluate potential therapeutic interventions, including resuscitation, pharmacologic therapies, transplantation, and other neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies. Although a number of positive studies have identified promising therapies for moderate TBI, the predictive validity of the model may be compromised when findings are translated to severely injured patients. Recently, the clinical relevance of LFP has been enhanced by combining the injury with secondary insults, as well as broadening studies to incorporate issues of gender and age to better approximate the range of human TBI within study design. We conclude that the LFP brain injury model is an appropriate tool to study the cellular and mechanistic aspects of human TBI that cannot be addressed in the clinical setting, as well as for the development and characterization of novel therapeutic interventions. Continued translation of pre-clinical findings to human TBI will enhance the predictive validity of the LFP model, and allow novel neuroprotective and neuroregenerative treatment strategies developed in the laboratory to reach the appropriate TBI patients.
Oxidation-Specific Epitopes in Human Coronary Atherosclerosis Are Not Limited to Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (1996)

These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that atherosclerosis is associated with oxidative modification of proteins in addition to LDL, particularly cell-associated proteins, and that the antiatherosclerotic effects of antioxidants seen in some studies may not be solely due to prevention of LDL oxidation.
Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis (1971)

Abstract As a result of advances in protein chemistry it is now widely accepted that blood coagulation proceeds via a series of reaction steps of the nature of enzyme‐substrate reactions catalyzed by phospholipids. This also applies to the compensatory process of fibrinolysis. The factors taking part in both mechanisms as well as the inhibitors regulating the equilibrium have been shown to be proteins, some of them with a high carbohydrate content. Modern diagnostic methods and therapy are based on this knowledge.
The polymerase chain reaction: an epidemiological tool to differentiate between two clusters of pathogenic<i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>strains (1992)

A primer set designed to amplify the enterotoxin (yst) gene of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains generated two different electrophoretic profiles of the target sequence when a collection of strains of worldwide origin was screened.Serovars O : 1,3; O : 2a,3; O: 3; O : 5,27 and O : 9, known as European strains, produced a 200-bp fragment that matched the size of the target sequence.However, serovars O 4,32; O : 8; O: 13a,13b; 0:20 and O:21, known as American strains, generated two fragments of 1.4 and 1.6 kb.The amplified products of one American strain were sequenced and the presence of the yst gene was confirmed in both fragments.Thus,
Isolation of Immunoglobulins by Competitive Displacement of Cheese Whey Proteins During Metal Chelate Interaction Chromatography (1990)

Oral administration of cow's milk Ig has been reported to be effective in tIeatment or prevention of outbreak of diaJl!1ea res~g from rotavirus or enteropathogemc E. cob mfection In these studies, colostrum from immunized cows served as the source of Ig. However, limited availab~ty .of col?s nd the requirement for specific munumzation of herds have been major deterrents to largescale production of Ig concentrate by this route for use as therapeutic or prophylactic ingredients. Recently, Yolken et al. (32) reported the
Atmospheric Pressure Atomic Layer Deposition of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Using Trimethyl Aluminum and Ozone (2014)

High throughput spatial atomic layer deposition (ALD) often uses higher reactor pressure than typical batch processes, but the specific effects of pressure on species transport and reaction rates are not fully understood. For aluminum oxide (Al2O3) ALD, water or ozone can be used as oxygen sources, but how reaction pressure influences deposition using ozone has not previously been reported. This work describes the effect of deposition pressure, between ∼2 and 760 Torr, on ALD Al2O3 using TMA and ozone. Similar to reports for pressure dependence during TMA/water ALD, surface reaction saturation studies show self-limiting growth at low and high pressure across a reasonable temperature range. Higher pressure tends to increase the growth per cycle, especially at lower gas velocities and temperatures. However, growth saturation at high pressure requires longer O3 dose times per cycle. Results are consistent with a model of ozone decomposition kinetics versus pressure and temperature. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) results confirm the trends in growth rate and indicate that the surface reaction mechanisms for Al2O3 growth using ozone are similar under low and high total pressure, including expected trends in the reaction mechanism at different temperatures.
Molecular analysis of successful cell line selection in transfected GS‐NS0 myeloma cells (2006)

The production of recombinant proteins from mammalian cells is now an essential part of biotechnology. However, despite this importance, the detailed characteristics of good producing cell lines remain largely unknown. The industrially important GS-NS0 mammalian expression system is able to produce large amounts of protein from relatively few copies of recombinant genes. This makes GS-NS0 cell lines ideal candidates to study the consequence of recombinant plasmid transfection in mammalian cells. This study investigated the molecular features of a panel of 17 randomly chosen GS-NS0 cell lines engineered to produce a recombinant antibody. The research analysed antibody production via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and investigated the molecular features of the transfectants by Northern, Southern and copy number analysis. The cell lines generated produced a range of antibody concentrations. In addition, for transfectants defined as producers of recombinant antibody there was a positive correlation between specific productivity and heavy chain mRNA expression. The use of Northern and Southern analysis allowed determination of the functional integrity of the transfected plasmid. Over 50% of the transfectants studied had molecular defects at the level of mRNA and/or cDNA. Cell lines were identified with suspected defects in the regulatory regions of transfected genes in addition to cell lines which lacked recombinant genes. Also, "false-positive" cell lines were generated which were able to overcome the GS selection pressure without producing any recombinant antibody. This article discusses these findings in relation to vector design.
Analysis of wideband noise measurements and implications for signal processing in ADSL systems (2002)

Wideband impulse noise and background noise measurements have been taken on copper telephone loops terminating at three New Jersey residences. An analysis of these measurements is presented. This analysis constitutes a preliminary characterization of wideband noise at residential locations and is an important factor in determining some of the signal processing needs of asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) systems. The impulse noise data collected so far indicates that signal processing techniques like forward error correction block coding will be needed in ADSL electronics to mitigate this noise impairment. The analysis of the measurements is presented in three ways: as power or energy spectral densities, as probability density functions of the time waveform voltage amplitudes, and as impulse arrival and interarrival time statistics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
El sistema de castas (2011)

La autora hace un análisis sociológico del sistema de castas en la India, partiendo de la categoría social de los dyatis como la base estructural de dicho sistema. Los dyatis conforman a los siguientes grupos sociales: basureros, mercaderes, joyeros, extractores de aceite, tejedores y barberos. Los dyatis se agrupan en tres jerarquías: Dyatis superiores, dyatis inferiores y los intocables, cada uno caracterizado por cierto tipo de actividades económicas. La autora concluye que el mismo sistema de castas es la causa del actual sistyema de clases sociales en la India.
Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Horizontal Circular Double Tube Heat Exchanger Using Snail (2012)

In present study, in order to increase of heat transfer in a horizontal circular tube heat exchanger by means of Snail Entrance with air as the working fluid. In the experimental set up, cold air in ambient condition was passed through the inner pipe while hot water was flowing through outer tube. The Reynolds no of air varies from 10000 to 60000. The results are compared with the plain tube where no Snail Entrance was used. The work includes the determination of friction factor and heat transfer coefficient for snail entrance in both counter and parallel flow. Snail entrance was observed that the heat transfer coefficient could vary from 90 to 110% the smooth tube value but the corresponding friction factor increases by 1 to 1.3 times the smooth tube values. It was also observed that with an increase in Reynolds number (Re), the heat transfer coefficient increases where as the friction factor decreases. ABSTRACT
Effect of dose, molecular size, affinity, and protein binding on tumor uptake of antibody or ligand: a biomathematical model. (1989)

A mathematical model has been developed to determine the best approach to improving tumor targeting with antibody. The amount of antibody in the tumor (tumor content) and the tumor:normal tissue antibody concentration ratio (uptake ratio) were calculated over 12 days from injection, using the computer program FACSIMILE to solve the stiff nonlinear differential equations describing the system. Results indicate that success requires an optimal combination of dose, size, and binding affinity of antibody. Increasing the dose to 100 times that presently used for scanning increased both the percentage of injected antibody in the tumor and the uptake ratio by up to 2 orders of magnitude to maximal values determined by affinity. This result could be achieved by coinjecting unlabeled antibody. Increasing affinity from Keq = 10(9) to 10(13)M-1 increased the uptake ratio from 5 to 100 for whole antibody and to 550 for a small ligand, at the calculated optimal dose, but had no effect at the current scanning dose. With decreasing molecular size at average affinity, the same maximum tumor content and uptake ratio were achieved but progressively earlier. At high affinity there was a substantial advantage for a small ligand compared with whole antibody in terms of uptake ratio (550 versus 100) and tumor:normal tissue integral dose ratio (330 versus 60). The uptake of a small ligand was not increased by binding to plasma protein but with increasing time the tumor content was higher than without protein binding.
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF SiO_2 THIN FILMS (2003)

SiO_2 thin films have the many excellent properties such as hardness, optical,dielectric properties, wear-resistance and corrosion-resistance. It has been widely used in optical and microelectronic applications. The preparation methods, properties and applications of SiO_2 thin films are discussed.
SUPPRESSION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO ALLOGENEIC HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS BY A SINGLE EXPOSURE TO ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION (1986)

Sensitization of C3H mice with allogeneic BALB/c spleen cells after a single exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation renders the mice incapable of generating an effective delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response against BALB/c cells. In addition to the depressed DTH response, spleen cells from the UV-irradiated mice are unable to proliferate to alloantigen in a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). This inability to respond to alloantigen appears to be mediated by suppressor T cells, in that nylon-wool-nonadherent cells from the spleens of the UV-irradiated mice could suppress the MLR response of normal spleen cells to allogeneic spleen cells. In addition, the amount of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the supernatants of the suppressed MLR cultures was also decreased. In all cases, the observed suppression was specific for the antigen used to sensitize the UV-irradiated animals. These data suggest that UV radiation can be used as an agent to induce a selective suppression of immune reactivity against allogeneic cells.
Probabilistic Graphical Models and Machine Learning. (2011)

Much of future computer science applications will involve machines that learn from sample data. Rather than be fully-encoded by people using experience and heuristics they will be statistically based machine learning algorithms. Classical methods of machine learning solve simple classification and regression problems using tools such as logistic regression, neural networks, support vector machines, etc. However the presence of a large number of variables makes such classical methods computationally infeasible. Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) allow a principled approach to deal with this complexity. They also allow a natural explanation of how the methods arrive at their conclusions. This talk will explain the role of PGMs in several applications such as computer vision and computational linguistics and indicate some results of work in computational forensics. 5th Indian International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IICAI-11)
Chronic constipation: overview and challenges (2009)

Despite its high prevalence and cost implications, our understanding of the pathophysiology of constipation remains primitive, and available therapies have limited efficacy. The purpose of this supplement is to address critically the reasons for the current lack of understanding and to propose avenues of future research to address these deficiencies.