gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Furfural on Rapid Ethanol Production Using a Membrane Bioreactor (2013)

A membrane bioreactor was developed to counteract the inhibition effect of furfural in ethanol production. Furfural, a major inhibitor in lignocellulosic hydrolyzates, is a highly toxic substance which is formed from pentose sugars released during the acidic degradation of lignocellulosic materials. Continuous cultivations with complete cell retention were performed at a high dilution rate of 0.5 h−1. Furfural was added directly into the bioreactor by pulse injection or by addition into the feed medium to obtain furfural concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 21.8 g L−1. At all pulse injections of furfural, the yeast was able to convert the furfural very rapidly by in situ detoxification. When injecting 21.8 g L−1 furfural to the cultivation, the yeast converted it by a specific conversion rate of 0.35 g g−1 h−1. At high cell density, Saccharomyces cerevisiae could tolerate very high furfural levels without major changes in the ethanol production. During the continuous cultures when up to 17.0 g L−1 furfural was added to the inlet medium, the yeast successfully produced ethanol, whereas an increase of furfural to 18.6 and 20.6 g L−1 resulted in a rapidly decreasing ethanol production and accumulation of sugars in the permeate. This study show that continuous ethanol fermentations by total cell retention in a membrane bioreactor has a high furfural tolerance and can conduct rapid in situ detoxification of medium containing high furfural concentrations.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method of Photoactive Compounds Based on Diazonaphthoquinone for Positive Photoresists (2012)

An analytical method for the compositional and quantitative analysis of photoactive compounds (PACs) in positive photoresist (Posi PR) has been developed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Under optimum HPLC conditions, various types of PACs consisting of a mixture of isomers were satisfactorily separated with no interference. This method was applied to the quantitative analysis of PACs in Posi PR. All correlation coefficients were better than or equal to 0.998. The precision and accuracy showed no significant deviation and were measured with acceptable values. The intra-batch precision and accuracy (%) of quality control samples ranged from 0.80 to 1.46% and from 101.7 to 102.8%. Consequently, the method was demonstrated to be acceptable for the analysis of PACs in Posi PR. We believe that the HPLC method developed in this work can be used for the compositional and quantitative analysis of PACs in Posi PR.
Dynamic Ride Sharing Service: Are Users Ready to Adopt it? (2015)

Nowadays we are experiencing a shift of paradigm from ownership of goods to sharing goods and experiences. The “sharing economy” paradigm will change the way people experience everyday life in many sectors. In this paper we are focusing on the urban transportation experience presenting a user centric design of an experimental dynamic ridesharing service for Italian users, called VirtualBus [1]. The proposed service is based on a mobile application that allows people to get arrangement in real time for sharing car rides in an urban area, both as “driver” or “passenger”. A smart matching algorithm will provide, within a short time, the best matching between the driver and the passenger learning from users’ feedbacks and improving its suggestions overtime to better fulfill users’ expectations. The service was designed, prototyped and tested involving users in every step, starting from a vision board with the target Personas. Then, a first raw prototype of the mobile application was designed and tested during specific focus group sessions. During the focus groups users highlighted both the importance of defining rewarding and payment rules and some concerns about privacy and reliability of drivers and passengers. Moreover, a large scale questionnaire, with more than 500 respondents, was distributed with the focus on two big Italian cities, Turin and Rome. The questionnaire analysis gave many interesting insights about the city commuting habits and its results were used to enrich the previously designed Personas with the aim of enhancing real users’ scenarios. Next steps will involve real users on selected cities as a test-bed of both the technical solution and the users’ acceptability of a new way of experiencing the urban commuting.
HOMEOTIC GENES AND THE HOMEOBOX (1986)

INTRODUCTION ...... 147 PHENOTYPIC EFFECTS OF HOMEOTIC MUTATIONS . .. ....... 149 GENETIC AND MOLECULAR ORGANIZATION ..... 154 The Antennapedia Complex . . 154 The Bithorax Complex . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 THE HOMEOBOX . . .. ...... . .. . ...... . ......... .. ........ . . . . . . 158 EVOLUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS ... 160 EXPRESSION OF THE HOMEOTIC GENES 161 REGULATION OF HOMEOTIC GENES ..... ... .... 162 Transregulatory Genes . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 163 cis-Acting Control Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Interactions Among Homeotic Genes . . . . . . . ......... . .. . . 164 MECHANISM OF ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 165
Intermolecular interactions in water + acetonitrile mixtures : Evidence from the composition variation of solvent polarity parameters (1981)

The dependence on composition of the polarity of H2O+MeCN mixtures has been determined from measurements of the empirical solvent polarity parameter E T. E T has been found to vary with composition in a similar fashion to that which has been reported previously for most other H2O+non-electrolyte mixtures for which E T data are available. The variation of E T with composition is interpreted in terms of the Naberukhin-Rogov structural model for H2O+nonelectrolyte mixtures.
Modular synthesis of amphiphilic molecules correlation between structure and micellization of aromatic amine hydrochlorides (1986)

Synthese de chlorures de (aralkyl dimethyl) ammonium. Etude de la micellisation de ces composes. Influence des substituants, et de la longueur de la chaine
Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of Methanol Oxidation on TiO<sub>2</sub>-Decorated Nanoporous Gold (2009)

Au−TiO2 nanocomposites have been widely investigated for their potential applications in solar energy conversion, CO oxidation, and methanol reforming reactions. In this study, commercial TiO2 nanoparticles were assembled on the surface of nanoporous gold (NPG) to fabricate novel TiO2/NPG nanocomposite electrodes. Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical techniques were used to investigate the characteristics of the electrodes. Large photocurrent and nearly reversible voltammetric responses were observed for methanol photoelectrocatalysis under UV radiation, indicating an effective elimination of gold surface passivation due to a pronounced synergistic effect between TiO2 and NPG. A possible mechanism was proposed to elucidate such a synergistic effect, which is based on the reaction of the photogenerated reactive intermediates on the surface of NPG. Kinetic studies showed that the coupling of TiO2 with NPG in our system could lead to about a 30% decrease of apparent activation energy for methanol electrooxidation.
Mobile payment anomaly detection mechanism based on information entropy (2015)

With the rapid growth in the number of mobile phone users, mobile payments have become an important part of mobile e‐commerce applications. Secure payment systems directly affect the security of e‐commerce systems. This study proposes an anomaly detection mechanism supported by an information entropy method combined with neural network to improve mobile payments security. As the entropy value is sensitive and have much difference between normal and abnormal traffic flow in the mobile payment system, the abnormal traffic data will be detected. The simulation result shows that it can realise the effective monitoring of abnormal flow in the mobile payment system.
PF-Net: Point Fractal Network for 3D Point Cloud Completion (2020)

In this paper, we propose a Point Fractal Network (PF-Net), a novel learning-based approach for precise and high-fidelity point cloud completion. Unlike existing point cloud completion networks, which generate the overall shape of the point cloud from the incomplete point cloud and always change existing points and encounter noise and geometrical loss, PF-Net preserves the spatial arrangements of the incomplete point cloud and can figure out the detailed geometrical structure of the missing region(s) in the prediction. To succeed at this task, PF-Net estimates the missing point cloud hierarchically by utilizing a feature-points-based multi-scale generating network. Further, we add up multi-stage completion loss and adversarial loss to generate more realistic missing region(s). The adversarial loss can better tackle multiple modes in the prediction. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for several challenging point cloud completion tasks.
Chemically Addressable Perovskite Nanocrystals for Light‐Emitting Applications (2017)

Whereas organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have remarkable potential in the development of optoelectronic materials, their relatively poor chemical and colloidal stability undermines their performance in optoelectronic devices. Herein, this issue is addressed by passivating PNCs with a class of chemically addressable ligands. The robust ligands effectively protect the PNC surfaces, enhance PNC solution processability, and can be chemically addressed by thermally induced crosslinking or radical-induced polymerization. This thin polymer shield further enhances the photoluminescence quantum yields by removing surface trap states. Crosslinked methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> ) PNCs are applied as active materials to build light-emitting diodes that have low turn-on voltages and achieve a record luminance of over 7000 cd m<sup>-2</sup> , around threefold better than previous reported MA-based PNC devices. These results indicate the great potential of this ligand passivation approach for long lifespan, highly efficient PNC light emitters.
A 6.72-Gb/s 8pJ/bit/iteration IEEE 802.15.3c LDPC Decoder Chip (2011)

In this paper, we introduce an LDPC decoder design for decoding a length-672 multi-rate code adopted in IEEE 802.15.3c standard. The proposed decoder features high performances in both data rate and power efficiency. A macro-layer level fully parallel layered decoding architecture is proposed to support the throughput requirement in the standard. For the proposed decoder, it takes only 4 clock cycles to process one decoding iteration. While parallelism increases, the chip routing congestion problem becomes more severe because a more complicated interconnection network is needed for message passing during the decoding process. This problem is nicely solved by our proposed efficient message permutation scheme utilizing exploited parity check matrix features. The proposed message permutation network features high compatibility and zero-logic-gate VLSI implementation, which contribute to the remarkable improvements in both area utilization ratio and total gate count. Meanwhile, frame-level pipeline decoding is applied in the design to shorten the critical path. To verify the above techniques, the proposed decoder is implemented on a chip fabricated using Fujitsu 65nm 1P12L LVT CMOS process. The chip occupies a core area of 1.30mm2 with area utilization ratio 86.3%. According to the measurement results, working at 1.2V, 400MHz and 10 iterations the proposed decoder delivers a 6.72Gb/s data throughput and dissipates a power of 537.6mW, resulting in an energy efficiency 8.0pJ/bit/iteration. Moreover, a decoder of the same architecture but with no pipeline stage for low-profile application is also implemented and evaluated at post-layout level.
Purification of myeloperoxidase from equine polymorphonuclear leucocytes. (1998)

Increases of plasma concentrations of neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) can be used as markers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) activation in pathological situations (sepsis, acute lung injury, acute inflammation). To develop an assay for measurement of plasma MPO in horses during the above-mentioned infectious and inflammatory conditions, MPO was purified from equine PMN isolated from blood anticoagulated with citrate. PMN were extracted in a saline milieu (0.2 M Na acetate, 1 M NaCl, pH 4.7) to eliminate most of cellular proteins. Pellets were then extracted in the same buffer containing cationic detergent (1% cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide). The supernatant was further purified by ion exchange chromatography (Hiload S Sepharose HP column 0.5 x 26 cm, equilibrated with 25 mM Na acetate, 0.2 M NaCl, pH 4.7) with a NaCl gradient (until 1 M). Most of the peroxidase activity of MPO (spectrophotometrically measured by the oxidation of orthodianisidine by hydrogen peroxide) was eluted at 0.65 M NaCl. MPO was further purified by gel filtration chromatography (Sephacryl S 200 column 2.6 x 42 cm with 25 mM Na acetate, 0.2 M NaCl, pH 4.7). MPO (specific activity: 74.3 U/mg) was obtained with a yield of 30% from the detergent extraction supernatant. Electrophoresis (non-reducing conditions) showed 3 bands identified, by comparison with human MPO, (i) the mature tetrameric enzyme (150 kDa) with 2 light and 2 heavy subunits, (ii) the precursor form (88 kDa) and (iii) a form of the heavy subunit without the prosthetic heme group (40 kDa). The mature enzyme and its precursor were glycosylated and possessed peroxidase activity. Equine MPO showed strong similarities with human and bovine MPO, with an absorption peak at 430 nm (Soret peak) characteristic of ferrimyeloperoxidase. Enzymatic activity was pH dependent (optimal value at pH 5.5).
Interband tunnel junctions for wurtzite III-nitride semiconductors based on heterointerface polarization charges (2010)

The concept of interband tunnel junctions for wurtzite III-Nitride semiconductors based on polarization charges at heterointerfaces is introduced. Such polarization-charge tunnel junctions obviate the need for high $n$-type and $p$-type doping, which is a general requirement for conventional tunnel junctions and also is a significant challenge for large-band-gap III-nitride semiconductors. Transmission coefficients and current-voltage characteristics for GaN/AlN/GaN and AlN/GaN/AlN polarization-charge tunnel junctions are calculated using the $k\ensuremath{\cdot}p$ quantum-transmitting boundary method with an eight-band Hamiltonian with Burt-Foreman operator ordering. It is shown that polarization-charge tunnel junctions carry sufficient current to become viable components in future light-emitting devices.
Exploiting Spatial and Temporal for Point of Interest Recommendation (2018)

An increasing number of users have been attracted by location‐based social networks (LBSNs) in recent years. Meanwhile, user‐generated content in online LBSNs like spatial, temporal, and social information provides an ever‐increasing chance to study the human behavior movement from their spatiotemporal mobility patterns and spawns a large number of location‐based applications. For instance, one of such applications is to produce personalized point of interest (POI) recommendations that users are interested in. Different from traditional recommendation methods, the recommendations in LBSNs come with two vital dimensions, namely, geographical and temporal. However, previously proposed methods do not adequately explore geographical influence and temporal influence. Therefore, fusing geographical and temporal influences for better recommendation accuracy in LBSNs remains potential. In this work, our aim is to generate a top recommendation list of POIs for a target user. Specially, we explore how to produce the POI recommendation by leveraging spatiotemporal information. In order to exploit both geographical and temporal influences, we first design a probabilistic method to initially detect users’ spatial orientation by analyzing visibility weights of POIs which are visited by them. Second, we perform collaborative filtering by detecting users’ temporal preferences. At last, for making the POI recommendation, we combine the aforementioned two approaches, that is, integrating the spatial and temporal influences, to construct a unified framework. Our experimental results on two real‐world datasets indicate that our proposed method outperforms the current state‐of‐the‐art POI recommendation approaches.
Characterization of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in suspension (2012)

These data suggest that it is feasible to improve immunotherapy by identifying a new subset BMMSCs.
Clinical Outcome of Trans-Sacral Interbody Fusion After Partial Reduction for High-Grade L5–S1 Spondylolisthesis (2001)

Partial reduction followed by posterior interbody fusion is an effective technique for the management of high-grade spondylolisthesis in pediatric and adult patient populations, as assessed by radiographic and clinical criteria. Pedicle screw instrumentation with the sacral screws capturing L5 is recommended when this technique is used for the treatment of high-grade spondylolisthesis. According to the clinical and radiographic results from this study, partial reduction and posterior fibula interbody fusion supplemented with pedicle screw instrumentation is an effective technique for select patients with high-grade spondylolisthesis at L5-S1.
A Novel Distribution-Based Features for Face Detection (2010)

In this paper, we propose a novel feature named adaptive projection MBMCT (APMBMCT) for face detection. To promote discriminative power, the distribution information of training samples is embedded into the MBMCT feature. APMBMCT is generated by LDA which maximizes the margin between positive and negative samples adaptively, utilizing characteristics of similarity to Gaussian distribution of the training samples. Asymmetric Gentle Adaboost is utilized to train strong classifier and nested cascade is applied to construct the final detector. Experimental results based on MIT+CMU database demonstrate that APMBMCT feature outperforms several well-existing features due to its excellent discriminative power with less feature number.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Strikingly More Virulent for Mice When Given via the Respiratory than via the Intravenous Route (1995)

Fewer Mycobacterium tuberculosis colony-forming units given by aerosol were substantially more virulent for mice than much larger numbers inoculated intravenously (iv), as shown by a faster rate of bacillary growth in the lungs and much shorter survival of the host. Earlier death of mice infected by aerosol was associated with faster development of lung pathology, even though the number of M. tuberculosis given iv resulted in the same number of bacilli initially implanting in the lungs as the number given by aerosol. Mice depleted of CD4 T cells died of infection much sooner than immunocompetent mice but at about the same time after being infected via either route. The results indicate that a small number of M. tuberculosis colony-forming units given by aerosol is less immunogenic than a larger number given iv.
Security analysis and exploitation of arduino devices in the internet of things (2016)

The pervasive presence of interconnected objects enables new communication paradigms where devices can easily reach each other while interacting within their environment. The so-called Internet of Things (IoT) represents the integration of several computing and communications systems aiming at facilitating the interaction between these devices. Arduino is one of the most popular platforms used to prototype new IoT devices due to its open, flexible and easy-to-use architecture. Ardunio Yun is a dual board microcontroller that supports a Linux distribution and it is currently one of the most versatile and powerful Arduino systems. This feature positions Arduino Yun as a popular platform for developers, but it also introduces unique infection vectors from the security viewpoint. In this work, we present a security analysis of Arduino Yun. We show that Arduino Yun is vulnerable to a number of attacks and we implement a proof of concept capable of exploiting some of them.
Postgenomic Analyses Reveal Development of Infectious Anaplasma phagocytophilum during Transmission from Ticks to Mice (2012)

Obligate intracellular bacteria of the Rickettsiales order have evolved to colonize both arthropod and mammalian hosts, but few details are known about the bacterial adaptations that occur during transmission from blood-feeding arthropods to mammals. Here we apply proteomics and transcriptome sequencing to Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, in Ixodes scapularis tick salivary glands, to detect proteins or genes expressed by the pathogen during transmission feeding by the tick. We detected expression of 139 genes, representing 11% of the open reading frames (ORFs) in the A. phagocytophilum genome. The predominant categories of proteins were ribosomal proteins, cell surface proteins, chaperones, and uncharacterized proteins. There was no evidence of DNA replication enzymes, suggesting that most of the A. phagocytophilum cells were no longer dividing. Instead, protein expression reflected conversion to the extracellular, infectious "dense-core" (DC) form. High expression of a DC-specific marker, APH_1235, further suggested this developmental transition in ticks. We showed that blocking APH_1235 with antibodies reduced A. phagocytophilum infection levels in mammalian cell culture. This work represents a starting point for clarifying essential proteins expressed by A. phagocytophilum during transmission from ticks to mammals and demonstrates that the abundantly expressed, DC-associated APH_1235 protein is important during in vivo infection by A. phagocytophilum.
A Putative Lipophilic Stimulant Carrier Protein Commonly Found in the Taste and Olfactory Systems (1995)

In chemosensory systems, a variety of lipophilic ligand‐binding proteins have been found in saliva or nasal mucus. Lipophilic stimulants reach the receptor membrane, carried by these proteins. An acidic 14‐kDa protein purified in the blowfly, Phormia regina , belongs to the insect pheromone‐binding protein superfamily, but unlike other lipohilic ligand‐binding proteins in insect or vertebrate chemosensory systems, it was distributed in both taste and olfactory organs. A similar protein was also isolated in Drosophila melanogaster. Considering their distributions, cDNA sequences and structural features, we concluded that these proteins belong to a unique subfamily whose members have convergently evolved for a common function required for both senses of taste and olfaction. By an electrophysiological experiment using antiserum, we also suggested that these proteins carry fragrant components of natural foods in taste systems as well as in olfactory systems.
Application of the Hybridization Protection Assay (HPA) to PCR (1994)

The development of in vitro DNA amplification techniques has made detection of specific sequences more sensitive and rapid than ever before. The ability to amplify rare sequences has greatly improved our ability to detect chromosomal translocations, allelic variability, and infectious agents (Innis et al., 1990). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method of DNA amplification performed by repeatedly denaturing a DNA target, annealing specific oligonucleotide primers, and extending the primers with a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (Mullis et al., 1986; Mullis and Faloona, 1987; Saiki et al., 1988b). Each cycle theoretically results in a doubling of the number of target sequences. Other amplification systems, such as the transcription-based amplification system, or TAS (Kwok et al., 1987), also give significant amplification of target sequences.