gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Versatile Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer (1958)

A Pound-Knight-Watkins marginal oscillator has been modified by the addition of a vibrating capacitor in parallel with the tuning capacitor to produce a simple circuit which may be used to observe paramagnetic resonance at low fields, nuclear magnetic resonance, and nuclear quadrupole resonance. Suggestions are made as to the type of information which may be obtained in an undergraduate laboratory experiment. Research that can be done in smaller colleges with the instrument is discussed.
Effective Stability of Quasi-Satellite Orbits in the Spatial Problem for Phobos Exploration (2020)

The generation of bounded trajectories complying with operational constraints in the complex dynamic environment surrounding Phobos is not an easy task. The vicinity of Phobos is dominated by the gravity field of Mars; consequently, orbiting on a Keplerian orbit about this moon is not feasible. The quasi-satellite orbit (QSO) is a means to orbit Phobos in the sense of relative motion. In particular, the three-dimensional QSO (3D QSO) has been recently suggested as an approach for better meeting mission objectives, such as global mapping. However, the linear stability of QSOs concluded in the simplified three-body model cannot sufficiently ensure a stability domain for operations. In this context, this paper investigates the strategy for designing bounded orbits with desired stability properties and characteristics for observation. Families of periodic 3D QSOs are first computed in the circular-restricted three-body problem. The sensitivity of the QSOs to the initial epoch and operational errors is analyzed, revealing effective stability levels and region that can guide trajectory and operation design. The stability levels are then validated by a dispersion analysis in the full dynamics. Furthermore, being guided by effective stability, a preliminary attempt to maintain low-altitude and high-inclination QSOs in the full dynamics has proven successful.
Asymmetric Epoxidation of <i>trans</i>‐Chalcones Organocatalyzed by β‐Amino Alcohols (2008)

Abstract Cyclic and acyclic β‐amino alcohols were examined as organocatalysts in the epoxidation of trans ‐chalcones with tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. Primary, secondary, and tertiary β‐amino alcohols are able to promote the reaction with variable activity and level of asymmetric induction. Subtle modifications to the structures of simple primary β‐amino alcohol strongly influenced their efficiency in the epoxidation. They are promising catalysts that afford trans ‐chalcone epoxides in up to 52 % ee at room temperature.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Achieving Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering in Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Constructs In vitro through a Materials-Directed Agrin Delivery Approach (2017)

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) can result from trauma, infection, congenital anomalies, or surgery, and produce permanent functional and cosmetic deficits. There are no effective treatment options for VML injuries, and recent advances toward development of muscle constructs lack the ability to achieve innervation necessary for long-term function. We sought to develop a proof-of-concept biomaterial construct that could achieve acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering on muscle-derived cells (MDCs) <i>in vitro</i>. The approach consisted of the presentation of neural (Z+) agrin from the surface of microspheres embedded with a fibrin hydrogel to muscle cells (C2C12 cell line or primary rat MDCs). AChR clustering was spatially restricted to areas of cell (C2C12)-microsphere contact when the microspheres were delivered in suspension or when they were incorporated into a thin (2D) fibrin hydrogel. AChR clusters were observed from 16 to 72 h after treatment when Z+ agrin was adsorbed to the microspheres, and for greater than 120 h when agrin was covalently coupled to the microspheres. Little to no AChR clustering was observed when agrin-coated microspheres were delivered from specially designed 3D fibrin constructs. However, cyclic stretch in combination with agrin-presenting microspheres led to dramatic enhancement of AChR clustering in cells cultured on these 3D fibrin constructs, suggesting a synergistic effect between mechanical strain and agrin stimulation of AChR clustering <i>in vitro</i>. These studies highlight a strategy for maintaining a physiological phenotype characterized by motor endplates of muscle cells used in tissue engineering strategies for muscle regeneration. As such, these observations may provide an important first step toward improving function of tissue-engineered constructs for treatment of VML injuries.
Soft-switching inverter for electrodynamicshaker (1999)

The paper presents the design and implementation of a soft-switching inverter with zero voltage transition (ZVT) for shaker armature excitation. First, the circuit configuration and the operation principle of the proposed inverter are introduced in detail. A quantitative design procedure is developed according to the governed equations derived in various operation modes for finding the values of soft-switching circuit components. Then the implementation of the switching control circuit for the successful operation of the proposed soft-switching scheme is described. Finally, the performance of the shaker table fed by the designed soft-switching high frequency inverter is demonstrated by some simulation and measured results. The results show that less switching loss and switching stress of the inverter switch are obtained by the proposed soft-switching scheme.
A Visualization Testbed for Analyzing the Performance of Computational Linguistics Algorithms (2007)

We have built an AJAX-enabled browser-based testbed for evaluating the performance of computational linguistics algorithms. Our testbed consists of a visualization system and analysis portal. Our focus is on algorithms that classify and cluster documents by assigning weights to words and scoring each document against high-dimensional reference concept vectors. The testbed visualization and algorithm analysis techniques include Confusion Matrices, ROC Curves, Document Visualizations showing word importance, and Interactive Reports. A unique aspect of our testbed is document visualizations built using Scalable Vector Graphics that show why documents are assigned to particular concepts and categories.
Study of prolactin and Th1/Th2 cytokines balance In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2009)

Objective To investigate the correlation of the serum prolactin level and the secret mode of Th1/Th2 eytokines with clinical activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods The serum level of The levels of PRL[ (21.58 ± 4.29 ) ng/ml vs ( 11.87 ± 2.57 ) ng/ml, P < 0.01 ), IL-4 [ ( 26.79 ± 5.08 ) ng/L vs (10.71 ± 1.35)ng/L,P <0.01 ] in SLE patients were significantly higher than the healthy controls,but IFN-γ [ (11.47±3.36)ng/L vs (18.36 ±2.61)ng/L,P <0.01 ], IFN-γ/IL-4(0.76γ±0.29 vs 2.30±0. 15,P <0.01) [ (38.52 ± 8.44) ng/L vs ( 14.15 ± 1.63 ) ng/L, P < 0.01 ] in the active SLE patients were significantly higher than that in the nonactive patients, whereas, the levels of IFN-γ [ (6.98 ± 2.72) ng/L vs ( 16.24 ± 2.57 ) ng/L, P < 0.01 ] and IFN-γ/IL-4 (0.35 ± 0.14 vs 1.24 ± 0.29, P < 0.01 ) were lower in the active group compared with the nonac-[ (45.12±10.44) ng/L vs ( 17.53 ± 5.42) ng/L, P < 0.01 ] declined while IFN-γ [ (6.31 ± 2.59) ng/L vs (16.89 ±4.43)ng/L,P<0.01 ] and IFN-γ/IL-4 (0.16 ±0. 11 vs 1.16 ±0. 27,P<0.01) increased when SLE patients in remission. Conclusions Hyperprolactinemia and imbalance of Th cytokines production which exhibited Th2 dominant are found in SLE patients. Prolactin and the degree of imbalance of Th cytokines production varies with the remission or exacerbation of the disease.

Key words: 
Prolactin;  Cytokine;  Th1/Th2 ;  Systemic erythematosus lupusDOI:10. 3760/cma. j. issn. 1008-6315. 2009.09. 005
Electromigration improvement with PDL TiN(Si) barrier in copper dual damascene structures (2003)

A significant improvement in electromigration performance for copper dual damascene structures was observed with the use of Pulsed Deposition Layer (PDL) TiN(Si) as a copper diffusion barrier layer instead of conventional sputtered (PVD) Ta/TaN. When an Ar sputter preclean was used, copper agglomeration occurred during the high temperature PDL process. An integration method was developed for the PDL film that avoids copper agglomeration on via sidewalls and has minimal barrier at the bottom of the via. The resulting process had lower via resistance, improved via stress migration and longer electromigration lifetime in multi-link testers than PVD Ta/TaN in both SiO/sub 2/ and PECVD SiOC low k dielectrics.
Functional Variants in the Glutathione Peroxidase-1 (<i>GPx-1</i>) Gene Are Associated With Increased Intima-Media Thickness of Carotid Arteries and Risk of Macrovascular Diseases in Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients (2004)

Atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients has been linked to increased oxidative stress. Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) plays an important role in the antioxidant defense of the vascular wall. To assess the association between variants in the GPx-1 gene and atherosclerosis, we screened the gene in 184 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients and identified four polymorphisms (-602A/G, +2C/T, Ala(5)/Ala(6), and Pro198Leu). Among these polymorphisms, -602G, +2T, Ala(6), and 198Leu were in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the codon 198 polymorphism, Pro/Pro (n = 151) and Pro/Leu (n = 33), to analyze clinical characteristics. The mean intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid arteries (P = 0.0028) and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (P = 0.035) and peripheral vascular disease (P = 0.027) were significantly higher in the Pro/Leu group than in the Pro/Pro group. In vitro functional analyses indicated that the combination of polymorphisms (Ala(6)/198Leu) of the GPx-1 gene had a 40% decrease in enzyme activity, and the combination of polymorphisms (-602G/+2T) had a 25% decrease in transcriptional activity. These results suggest that functional variants in the GPx-1 gene are associated with increased IMT of carotid arteries and risk of cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients.
AUTOMATIC RECONSTRUCTION OF 3D CAD MODELS FROM DIGITAL SCANS (1999)

We present an approach for the reconstruction and approximation of 3D CAD models from an unorganized collection of points. Applications include rapid reverse engineering of existing objects for use in a virtual prototyping environment, including computer aided design and manufacturing. Our reconstruction approach is flexible enough to permit interpolation of both smooth surfaces and sharp features, while placing few restrictions on the geometry or topology of the object. Our algorithm is based on alpha-shapes to compute an initial triangle mesh approximating the surface of the object. A mesh reduction technique is applied to the dense triangle mesh to build a simplified approximation, while retaining important topological and geometric characteristics of the model. The reduced mesh is interpolated with piecewise algebraic surface patches which approximate the original points. The process is fully automatic, and the reconstruction is guaranteed to be homeomorphic and error bounded with respect to the original model when certain sampling requirements are satisfied. The resulting model is suitable for typical CAD modeling and analysis applications.
Factors Affecting Income Improvement of Women Self Help Group Members: The Case of Damot Gale Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia (2017)

The study was conducted to assess the contribution of SHGs in income improvement of women members in Damot Gale district. Data for the study was collected from 97 rural SHG members from four kebeles. To attain the stated objectives of the study we have used different methods of data analysis i.e. descriptive analysis and econometric analysis used to identify the effect of independent variables on dependent variable. With descriptive analyses percentages, graphs, charts and tables were presented. The descriptive result shows that total annual income of respondents has grown almost by three folds after they have joined in SHGs. Net increase in income is 726,731.75 birr, it is two times fold increase comparing with the annual income of members they have got before they were organized in SHGs, per capita annual income before they were joining in SHG is 3,629.52 birr and has been increased to 11,121.60 birr, net per capita annual income increase is 9,715.92 birr. The SHG members with dependency ratio less than 1, have their per capita income increased 10,830.34 Birr after they have joined to SHG, but with highest dependency ratio (>2) their income increased less than their counter parts about 4,225.14 Birr, respondents education attainment at least primary and above helps SHGs members to manage savings and credit better than others, The SHG women those are in their house with Male headed family participate freely and more than that of female headed ones, the female headed SHG women’s are burdened with different problems at household and community level which hindered their participation in their SHG saving and credit related activities. The factors affecting household income improvement among SHG members in the study area computed by employing the econometric analysis i.e. multiple linear regression model and the regression result revealed that, household age, education level, dependency ratio, livestock ownership (tlu), access to loan, attitude towards SHG, training, investment and saving amount affected SHG income improvement of the study area significantly at 1percent, 5 percent and 10 percent. Keywords: Self Help Groups, Impact, Income Improvement, Poor Women
Solution structures of stromelysin complexed to thiadiazole inhibitors (1998)

Unregulated or overexpressed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including stromelysin, collagenase, and gelatinase. have been implicated in several pathological conditions including arthritis and cancer. Small-molecule MMP inhibitors may have therapeutic value in the treatment of these diseases. In this regard, the solution structures of two stromelysin/ inhibitor complexes have been investigated using 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectroscopy. Both-inhibitors are members of a novel class of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor that contain a thiadiazole group and that interact with stromelysin in a manner distinct from other classes of inhibitors. The inhibitors coordinate the catalytic zinc atom through their exocyclic sulfur atom, with the remainder of the ligand extending into the S1-S3 side of the active site. The binding of inhibitor containing a protonated or fluorinated aromatic ring was investigated using 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The fluorinated ring was found to have a reduced ring-flip rate compared to the protonated version. A strong, coplanar interaction between the fluorinated ring of the inhibitor and the aromatic ring of Tyr155 is proposed to account for the reduced ring-flip rate and for the increase in binding affinity observed for the fluorinated inhibitor compared to the protonated inhibitor. Binding interactions observed for the thiadiazole class of ligands have implications for the design of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors.
Stabilizing Wellbores in Unconsolidated, Clay-Laden Formations (2006)

Summary This article presents results of laboratory and field testing regarding the effectiveness of an improved, one-component, low-viscosity resin-consolidation system. The system is designed to stabilize or strengthen the unconsolidated formation sand surrounding a wellbore and to overcome the effects of cyclic loading, while minimizing reduction of original permeability. Treatment-fluid volumes, overflush fluid, and the chemical composition of the consolidation material were found to directly impact the consolidation performance and the retained permeability of the treated formation sand. The treatment renders formation fines immobile so that migration and plugging do not occur. This study determined that application of a consolidation material containing a specific solvent chemistry for clay-laden sands resulted in excellent strengths, even at high clay contents. This finding indicates that the consolidation material was drawn onto the mineral surfaces, resulting in minimal loss in effective porosity. Scanning electron micrographs of the consolidated-core material clearly revealed the entrapment of fines as the consolidation material formed a thin film on the mineral surfaces, causing little damage to the porosity and permeability of the formation. Results of field testing indicate that the consolidation treatment effectively stopped the production of formation sand and fines while maintaining the production of the wells at desirable flow rates. The technique provides a very attractive alternative to conventional sand-control completions in lower quality reservoirs, as well as an effective through-tubing completion alternative.
Global Epidemiology of Tuberculosis (1996)

Tuberculosis Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Preparation of Chloroplasts from <i>Euglena</i> Highly Active in Protein Synthesis (1980)

Chloroplasts can be obtained by gentle lysis or mild shear of spheroplasts of vitamin B(12)-deficient Euglena gracilis and then purified by isopycnic sedimentation on gradients of Ludox AM or Percoll. The chloroplasts appear compact and highly refractile by phase contrast or Hoffmann contrast microscopy. Upon incubation with [(3)H]leucine or [(35)S]methionine, the chloroplasts incorporate the amino acids into protein at rates that are 100-fold faster than we had previously observed with Euglena and up to 8-fold faster than with chloroplasts of spinach. Euglena chloroplasts prepared by the current procedure are thus qualitatively superior to those previously available from Euglena and at least as active in protein synthesis as chloroplasts from higher plants.
Predictive value of heart rate variability for the recurrence of chronic atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion (2003)

Suppressed HRV parameters and decreased vagal tone are probably a risk factor for AF recurrences after cardioversion to sinus rhythm in a specific subset of patients with chronic AF.
Highly efficient broadband terahertz generation from ultrashort laser filamentation in liquids (2017)

Generation and application of energetic, broadband terahertz pulses (bandwidth ~0.1-50 THz) is an active and contemporary area of research. The main thrust is toward the development of efficient sources with minimum complexities-a true table-top setup. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of terahertz radiation via ultrashort pulse induced filamentation in liquids-a counterintuitive observation due to their large absorption coefficient in the terahertz regime. The generated terahertz energy is more than an order of magnitude higher than that obtained from the two-color filamentation of air (the most standard table-top technique). Such high terahertz energies would generate electric fields of the order of MV cm<sup>-1</sup>, which opens the doors for various nonlinear terahertz spectroscopic applications. The counterintuitive phenomenon has been explained via the solution of nonlinear pulse propagation equation in the liquid medium.
An Automated System For Submicrometer Defect Detection On Patterned Wafers (1989)

Nowadays process control has become essential for yield management in VLSI manufacturing so there is a growing need for automated in-process wafer inspection systems. In this paper we describe a fast automated system for submicrometer defect detection on patterned wafers, based on an improved image comparison algorithm. After a brief discussion of the different inspection modes and their applications, we introduce our image processing algorithm, including : subpixel spatial alignment, interimage dynamic range adaptation, multi-threshold efficient binarization, defect identification based on a specific morphological method. This algorithm provide both a significant improvement of true defect detection and a reduction of the false defect rate. Then we describe the main components of the inspection machine : the optical parts, the mechanical parts and a Fast Image Processing Unit (FIPU) based on a pipeline architecture including special purpose hardware. The FIPU allows the inspection of a 125 µm x 125 μm field in 200 ms with a defect sensitivity of 0.3 μm. Finally we report a few experimental results obtained by applying our algorithm on some real inspection problems and we compare these results with those obtained by standard inspection algorithm.
Angular dependence of the tunnel magnetoresistance in transition-metal-based junctions (2001)

We have investigated the angular behavior of the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in transition-metal-based junctions using the low-field susceptibility of the crossed magnetic configuration. The noncollinear arrangement, stabilized by combining step anisotropy and interfacial exchange-bias coupling, is shown to be of a particular interest for an accurate analysis of the angular dependence of the TMR. We show that the intrinsic tunnel processes are reflected on a linear behavior of the conductivity giving a more complex form for the resistance, as expected by the model of Slonczewski. The more intuitive ``high-field'' saturating regime deviates the hard layer from its nominal pinning direction and consequently is shown to be less adapted for the experimental study of the intrinsic angular response of the TMR.
Endothelial PINK1 Mediates the Protective Effects of NLRP3 Deficiency during Lethal Oxidant Injury (2014)

High levels of inspired oxygen, hyperoxia, are frequently used in patients with acute respiratory failure. Hyperoxia can exacerbate acute respiratory failure, which has high mortality and no specific therapies. We identified novel roles for PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), a mitochondrial protein, and the cytosolic innate immune protein NLRP3 in the lung and endothelium. We generated double knockouts (PINK1(-/-)/NLRP3(-/-)), as well as cell-targeted PINK1 silencing and lung-targeted overexpression constructs, to specifically show that PINK1 mediates cytoprotection in wild-type and NLRP3(-/-) mice. The ability to resist hyperoxia is proportional to PINK1 expression. PINK1(-/-) mice were the most susceptible; wild-type mice, which induced PINK1 after hyperoxia, had intermediate susceptibility; and NLRP3(-/-) mice, which had high basal and hyperoxia-induced PINK1, were the least susceptible. Genetic deletion of PINK1 or PINK1 silencing in the lung endothelium increased susceptibility to hyperoxia via alterations in autophagy/mitophagy, proteasome activation, apoptosis, and oxidant generation.