gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin and baroreflex control of the circulation (2002)

There is a close association between the location of angiotensin (Ang) receptors and many important brain nuclei involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. The present review encompasses the physiological role of Ang II in the brainstem, particularly in relation to its influence on baroreflex control of the heart and kidney. Activation of AT1 receptors in the brainstem by fourth ventricle (4V) administration to conscious rabbits or local administration of Ang II into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of anesthetized rabbits acutely increases renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and RSNA baroreflex responses. Administration of the Ang antagonist Sarile into the RVLM of anesthetized rabbits blocked the effects of Ang II on the RSNA baroreflex, indicating that the RVLM is the major site of sympathoexcitatory action of Ang II given into the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brainstem. However, in conscious animals, blockade of endogenous Ang receptors in the brainstem by the 4V AT1 receptor antagonist losartan resulted in sympathoexcitation, suggesting an overall greater activity of endogenous Ang II within the sympathoinhibitory pathways. However, the RSNA response to airjet stress in conscious rabbits was markedly attenuated. While we found no effect of acute central Ang on heart rate baroreflexes, chronic 4V infusion inhibited the baroreflex and chronic losartan increased baroreflex gain. Thus, brainstem Ang II acutely alters sympathetic responses to specific afferent inputs thus forming part of a potentially important mechanism for the integration of autonomic response patterns. The sympathoexcitatory AT1 receptors appear to be activated during stress, surgery and anesthesia.
Substrate aware OPC rules for edge effect in block levels (2010)

Implant level photolithography processes are becoming more challenging each node due to everdecreasing CD and resist edge placement requirements, and the technical challenge is exacerbated by the business need to develop and maintain low-cost processes. Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) using models created based on data from plain silicon substrate is not able to accommodate the various real device/design scenarios due to substrate pattern effects. In this paper, we show our systematic study on substrate effect (RX/STI) on implant level lithography CD printing. We also explain the CD variation mechanism and validate by simulation using well calibrated physical resist model. Based on the results, we propose an approach to generate substrate-aware OPC rules to correct for such substrate effects.
A convenient method for obtaining trans-2-aminocyclohexanol and trans-2-aminocyclopentanol in enantiomerically pure form (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA convenient method for obtaining trans-2-aminocyclohexanol and trans-2-aminocyclopentanol in enantiomerically pure formL. E. Overman and S. SugaiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 21, 4154–4155Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00221a036RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1024Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (294 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Teratological and Other Effects of Malachite Green on Development of Rainbow Trout and Rabbits (1983)

Malachite green oxalate caused significant developmental abnormalities when administered to eggs of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri and to pregnant New Zealand white rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus. Treatment of rainbow trout eggs with malachite green caused deformities of larvae at rates three to five times that observed in untreated lots. All dose levels affected fetal development of rabbits. At the dosages given, the incidence of anomalies caused by malachite green was about half that observed in thalidomide-treated positive controls and two to three times that in untreated controls. Abnormalities noted in fish were primarily of the spine and skull. In rabbits, anomalies most frequently involved the skeleton, liver, heart, and kidneys. Some fetal toxicity was observed. Received March 28, 1983 Accepted August 8, 1983
BI-DIRECTIONAL SCALABLE SOLID-STATE CIRCUIT BREAKERS FOR HYBRID-ELECTRIC VEHICLES (2009)

Power electronics in hybrid-electric military ground vehicles require fast fault isolation, and benefit additionally from bi-directional fault isolation. To prevent system damage or failure, maximum fault current interrupt speeds in tens to hundreds of microseconds are necessary. While inherently providing bi-directional fault isolation, mechanical contactors and circuit breakers do not provide adequate actuation speeds, and suffer severe degradation during repeated fault isolation. Instead, it is desired to use a scalable array of solid-state devices as a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) having a collectively low conduction loss to provide large current handling capability and fast transition speed for current interruption. Although, both silicon-carbide (SiC) JFET and SiC MOSFET devices having high breakdown voltages and low drain-to-source resistances have been developed, neither device structure alone is capable of reverse blocking at full voltage. Limitations exist for using a dual common-source structure for either device type. Small-scale SSCB experiments were conducted using 0.03 cm 2 normally-on SiC VJFETs. Based on results of these tests, a normally-on VJFET device modification is made, and a proposed symmetric SiC JFET is considered for this application.
Effective improvement of high-k Hf-silicate/silicon interface with thermal nitridation (2003)

The electrical properties of polysilicon gate MOS capacitors with hafnium silicate (HfSiO) dielectric, with and without NH3 nitridation, were investigated. The results show that with NH3 nitridation prior to deposition of HfSiO can effectively tune the flatband voltage close to that of conventional oxide and significantly improve the leakage properties over SiO2 (three orders reduction). Furthermore, the excellent interface quality has been evidenced by the result of immunity against soft breakdown with NH3 nitridation.
Use of the Centritech Lab Centrifuge for Perfusion Culture of Hybridoma Cells in Protein‐Free Medium (1996)

As part of an effort to develop a suspension-culture perfusion-based process with high flow rate without the fouling and antibody retention inherent to filter-based cell-separation devices, we have evaluated and contributed to the development of the Centritech Lab centrifuge for the perfusion culture of hybridoma cells in protein-free medium. Culture start-ups showed that cell growth and monoclonal-antibody (MAb) production rates were similar in both a spinner flask and continuous centrifugation coupled to a bioreactor. The centrifuge efficiently separated viable cells from dead ones. Viable-cell recoveries were never below 98%, whereas dead-cell recoveries were usually around 80%. The cell content of the centrifuge supernatant and concentrate was strongly determined by the total amount of cells, viable and dead, in the culture broth, but an influence of the centrifugation parameters (feed rate, times of separation and discharge, and rotor speed) was observed. This understanding of the separation process inside the centrifuge is important and may apply to other similar devices. Monoclonal antibodies were not retained in the bioreactor during centrifugation perfusion. However, whereas similar growth rates were obtained in perfusion cultures using either continuous centrifugation or filtration, MAb concentrations were 35% lower in the former case. Utilization of the centrifuge in an intermittent fashion decreased the daily cell residence time outside the bioreactor, the daily pelleted-cell residence time in the centrifuge, and the frequency of cell passage to the centrifuge. This led to higher viable-cell numbers in the bioreactor and an accompanying increase in MAb concentrations, 225-250 mg of IgM L-1, equal to the performance of filter-based perfusion systems with the same cell line. It was hypothesized that having cells periodically packed at the bottom of the centrifuge insert (up to 800 x 10(6) cells mL-1) is deleterious to the culture by exposing the pelleted cells to prolonged nutrient limitations.
Chloro Complexes of Nitrosylruthenium (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChloro Complexes of NitrosylrutheniumE. E. Mercer, W. M. Campbell Jr., and R. M. WallaceCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1964, 3, 7, 1018–1024Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50017a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (877 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comparison of shot encoding schemes applied to the Full Waveform Inversion problem (2013)

This paper compares different shot encoding strategies applied to the FWI (Full Waveform Inversion) problem. The results indicate that these encoding strategies can lead to a decrease of computational cost and or an overall better quality of the final inversion result when compared against FWI without source encoding.
Isosteric triphosphonate analogues of dNTP: Synthesis and substrate properties toward various DNA polymerases (2007)

Isosteric triphosphonate derivatives of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydroadenosine and 3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine and their beta,gamma-substituted analogues were synthesized. Their substrate properties toward a number of reverse transcriptases of the human immunodeficiency and bird myeloblastosis viruses, human DNA polymerases alpha and beta, and the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I were studied.
Real-time implementation of a variable rate CELP speech codec (1995)

In a typical voice codec application, we wish to maximize system capacity while at the same time maintain an acceptable level of speech quality. Conventional speech coding algorithms operate at fixed rates regardless of the input speech. In applications where the system capacity is determined by the average rate, better performance can be achieved by using a variable-rate codec. Examples of such applications are CDMA based digital cellular and digital voice storage. . In order to achieve a high quality, low average bit-rate Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) system, it is necessary to adjust the output bit-rate according to an analysis of the immediate input speech statistics. This thesis describes a lowcomplexity variable-rate CELP speech coder for implementation on the TMS320C51 Digital Signal Processor. The system implementation is user-switchable between a fixed-rate 8 kbit/s configuration and a variable-rate configuration with a peak rate of 8 kbit/s and an average rate of 4-5 kbit/s based on a one-way conversation with 30% silence. In variable-rate mode, each speech frame is analyzed by a frame classifier in order to determine the desired coding rate. A number of techniques are considered for reducing the complexity of the CELP algorithm for implementation while minimizing speech quality degradation. In a fixed-point implementation, the limited dynamic range of the processor leads to a loss in precision and hence a loss in performance compared with a floating-point system. As a result, scaling is necessary to maintain signal precision and minimize speech quality degradation. A scaling strategy is described which offers no degradation in speech quality between the fixed-point and floating-point systems. We present results which show that the variable-rate system obtains near equivalent quality compared with an 8 kbit/s fixed-rate system and significantly better quality than a fixedrate system with the same average rate. To my parents and my fiance, with love.
Radioassay of serum folate. (1973)

We describe a radioassay procedure for serum folate, in which commercially available crystalline β-lactoglobulin is used as the folate-binding agent. The folate binders present in serum are eliminated by heating serum in a boiling water bath for 15 min to denature the proteins. Radioassayable serum folate is shown to be stable under these conditions, and the results for folate compare well with those obtained by a microbiological assay.
A radix-eight fast Fourier transform subroutine for real-valued series (1969)

Fast Fourier analysis (FFA) and fast Fourier synthesis (FFS) algorithms are developed for computing the discrete Fourier transform of a real series, and for synthesizing a real series from its complex Fourier coefficients. A FORTRAN program implementing both algorithms is given in the Appendix.
Hydrogenation of citral: a wide-spread model reaction for selective reduction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (2012)

Citral (1) is an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde classified as a monoterpenoid compound from the 3,6-dimethyloctane series, characterized by a head-to-tail linkage of two isoprenoid subunits. The “citrus effect” in many consumer goods can be traced back to the odor of 1, which is also an important building block in the fine chemical industry for production of carotenoids, vitamins, and other flavors and fragrances. The presence of three unsaturated sites in the molecule, i.e. a carbonyl group, a conjugated and an isolated CC bond, makes 1 an interesting model compound for catalytic tests in the field of selective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Several types of catalysts have been described so far for this reaction. The choice of active metal as well as the manipulation of the electronic and steric conditions of the active metal sites in heterogeneous but also homogeneous catalysts allowed the discrimination of distinct reaction pathways affording partially hydrogenated products. Thus, industrially important products like citronellal (2), geraniol (E-3), nerol (Z-3), or citronellol (5) are available from 1 by addition of hydrogen to one of the unsaturated sites. The present review discusses the various possibilities of catalyst design leading to selective but also active catalyst systems for hydrogenation of 1 covering the literature from 1990–2012. Beside supported catalysts with one or two transition metals containing active sites for surface hydrogen splitting, the fields of enzymatic and catalytic transfer hydrogenation are highlighted. In addition scope and limitation of advanced reaction technologies with respect to hydrogenation of 1 are presented, i.e. continuous processing, reduction in supercritical CO2, or the effect of ionic liquids as solvents or reaction modifiers.
Simple Shadow Remova (2006)

Given the location of shadows, how can we obtain high-quality shadow-free images? Several methods have been proposed so far, but they either introduce artifacts or can be difficult to implement. We propose here a simple method that results in virtually error and shadow-free images in a very short time. Our approach is based on the insight that shadow regions differ from their shadow-free counterparts by a single scaling factor. We derive a robust method to obtain that factor. We show that for complex scenes - containing many disjointed shadow regions - our new method is faster and more robust than others previously published. The method delivers good performance on a variety of outdoor images
Effects of Anatomy and Particle Size on Nasal Sprays (2011)

Objective Compare spray penetration past the nasal valve (NV) predicted for particle sizes at varying spray speeds using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the human nasal cavity with septal deviation on the left side and inferior turbinate hypertrophy on the right. Method Simulations using Fluent (ANSYS, Inc, Lebanon, New Hampshire) were carried out for 10 µm, 20 µm, 50 µm, or particle sizes following a Rosin Rammler Particle Size Distribution (RRPSD) ranging from 10‐110µm. Spray speed was 1 m/s, 3 m/s, or 10 m/s; steady state inspiratory airflow rate was 15.7 L/min. Results Simulations predicted at least 2 times higher NV penetration on the right side (hypertrophic turbinate) than the left (septal deviation) for most particle sizes and spray speeds. Simulated penetration of 10 µm particles at 1 m/s was 100% with none escaping via the nasopharynx. At 3 and 10 m/s, more simulated 10µm particles escaped the nose than other sizes. Maximum penetration of RRPSD, 20µm, and 50µm particles was predicted to be 15%, 35%, and 12% on the left side, and 52%, 58%, and 56% on the right, respectively, occurring at 1m/s for RRPSD and 50 µm, and 3 m/s for 20 µm. Conclusion In the presence of a septal deviation, sprays containing 10 µm particles may have better penetration past the NV. Additionally, increasing spray speed (above 3m/s) appears to limit spray penetration, suggesting that patients should be discouraged from spraying medications forcefully, as this could limit penetration of the drug.
Relationships between dental appearance, self-esteem, socio-economic status, and oral health-related quality of life in UK schoolchildren: A 3-year cohort study (2014)

OHQoL improved in young people over time, whether they gave a history of orthodontic treatment or not. Individual and environmental characteristics influence OHQoL and should be taken into account in future studies.
Queuing-Based Dynamic Channel Selection for Heterogeneous Multimedia Applications Over Cognitive Radio Networks (2008)

In this paper, we propose a dynamic channel-selection solution for autonomous wireless users transmitting delay-sensitive multimedia applications over cognitive radio networks. Unlike prior works that seldom consider the requirement of the application layer, our solution explicitly considers various rate requirements and delay deadlines of heterogeneous multimedia users. Note that the users usually possess private utility functions, application requirements, and distinct channel conditions in different frequency channels. To efficiently manage available spectrum resources in a decentralized manner, information exchange among users is necessary. Hence, we propose a novel priority virtual queue interface that determines the required information exchanges and evaluates the expected delays experienced by various priority traffics. Such expected delays are important for multimedia users due to their delay-sensitivity nature. Based on the exchanged information, the interface evaluates the expected delays using priority queuing analysis that considers the wireless environment, traffic characteristics, and the competing users' behaviors in the same frequency channel. We propose a dynamic strategy learning (DSL) algorithm deployed at each user that exploits the expected delay and dynamically adapts the channel selection strategies to maximize the user's utility function. We simulate multiple video users sharing the cognitive radio network and show that our proposed solution significantly reduces the packet loss rate and outperforms the conventional single-channel dynamic resource allocation by almost 2 dB in terms of video quality.
Highly Anisotropic Cellulose Mixed-Ester Membranes for Microfiltration (1981)

The present study should be seen as a step in the evolution of the colloidal morphology of phase inversion membranes, which conceptually began with dense polymer films and diverged into the two principal branches of skinned and skinless membranes (Figure 1). Skinned membranes consist of two layers: a thin dense skin which determines both permeability and permselectivity and a porous substructure which provides physical support for the skin. Such membranes are utilized for the separation of dissolved ions and macromolecules in the processes of reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, respectively. Inasmuch as the various classes of skinned membrane which include the integrally skinned ultragel of Loeb and Sourirajan (1), the nonintegrally skinned microgel of Cadotte and Francis (2), and the integrally skinned microgel Kesting (3) have been reviewed recently (4, 5, 6), it need only be noted that the latter two, when deprived of their skins, structurally approximate the second main
Dual effects of the ricin A chain on protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (1990)

Ricin A chain caused inhibition of protein synthesis by reticulocyte lysate with concomitant depurination of 28S rRNA. The partial reaction(s) of protein synthesis inhibited was investigated by following the appearance of [35S]methionine from initiator [35S]Met-tRNA into 40S ribosomal subunits, 80S monosomes and polysomes. Ricin A chain caused an accumulation of [35S]Met in monosomes which did not enter polysomes. In these respects the effects of the ricin A chain resembled those of diphtheria toxin, an inhibitor of elongation-factor-2-catalyzed translocation. This is consistent with the previously proposed site of action of ricin as an inhibitor of elongation. However, the inhibitory effects of the ricin A chain and diphtheria toxin are not equivalent because we observed that the rate of formation of the 80S initiation complex was reduced approximately sixfold with the ricin A chain relative to diphtheria toxin. Analysis of methionine-containing peptides bound to 80S monosomes in ricin-A-chain-inhibited and diphtheria-toxin-inhibited lysates, programmed with globin mRNA, revealed a predominance of Met-Val, suggesting that the elongation cycle is inhibited at the translocation step. Translocation was also implicated as the step blocked in both the ricin-A-chain-inhibited and diphtheria-toxin-inhibited lysates, by the finding that nascent peptide chains were unreactive towards puromycin. It is concluded that ricin-A-chain-modified ribosomes are deficient in two protein synthesis partial reactions: the formation of the 80S initiation complex during initiation and the translocation step of the elongation cycle.