gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of electromigration ground rules utilizing Monte Carlo simulation methods (1991)

A novel method is presented for determining ground rule limits for the maximum current allowed in a metal line based on the electromigration and process parameters. A Monte Carlo technique is utilized to simulate the distribution of metal width, metal thickness, and electromigration properties to determine the maximum current allowed for a given failure criterion. In linewidths of less than 6 mu m, the Monte Carlo method doubles the allowed current compared to the worst-case linewidth approach. Thus, increased currents are allowed in metal lines without sacrificing predetermined reliability goals. It is also demonstrated that the accuracy of the Monte Carlo simulation is based on the number of iterations executed. Specifically, it is shown that the accuracy of the simulation is dependent on the number of outer loop iterations performed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation of p73 by Hck through kinase-dependent and independent mechanisms (2007)

We have identified p73 as a novel substrate and interacting partner of Hck and show that it regulates p73 through mechanisms that are dependent on either catalytic activity or protein interaction domains. Hck-SH3 domain-mediated interactions play an important role in the inhibition of p73-dependent transcriptional activation of a target gene, Ipaf, as well as apoptosis.
Human-like walking with knee stretched, heel-contact and toe-off motion by a humanoid robot (2006)

A humanoid robot, WABIAN-2R, capable of human-like walk with stretched knees and heel-contact and toe-off motions is proposed in this paper. WABIAN-2R has two 1-DOF passive joints in its feet to enable it to bend its toes in steady walking. Further, it has two 6-DOF legs, a 2-DOF pelvis, a 2-DOF trunk, two 7-DOF arms with 3-DOF hands, and a 3-DOF neck. In addition, a new algorithm for generating walking patterns with stretched knees and heel-contact and toe-off motions based on the ZMP criterion is described. In this pattern generation, some parameters of the foot trajectories of a biped robot are optimized by using a genetic algorithm in order to generate a continuous and smooth leg motion. Software simulations and walking experiments are conducted, and the effectiveness of the pattern generation and mechanism of WABIAN-2R, which have the ability to realize more human-like walking styles in a humanoid robot, are confirmed
Hydrogen-induced piezoelectric effects in InP HEMT's (1999)

In this letter, we have investigated hydrogen degradation of InP HEMT's with Ti/Pt/Au gates. We have found that V/sub T/ shifts negative after exposure to hydrogen, and exhibits an L/sub G/ and orientation dependence. We postulate that /spl Delta/V/sub T/ is at least in part due to the piezoelectric effect. Hydrogen exposure leads to the formation of TiH/sub x/, producing compressive stress in the gate. This stress induces a piezoelectric charge distribution in the semiconductor that shifts the threshold voltage. We have independently confirmed TiH/sub x/ formation under our experimental conditions through Auger measurements. Separate radius-of-curvature measurements have also independently confirmed that Ti/Pt films become compressively stressed relative to their initial state after H/sub 2/ exposure.
Bacterial microflora participating in the removal of nitrogen from industrial wastewaters by nitrification and denitrifaction. (1984)

Nitrification and denitrification were used to purify industrial nitrogenous-organic wastewaters containing 1,130 mg N/l (mainly in the form of ammonium and urea) and with mean COD 1,050 mg O2/l. The use of a five-step system consisting of two denitrifying beds and three nitrifying activated sludge reactors gave 99% removal of nitrogen and 54% reduction in COD during total retention time of the wastes of 81 hours. The participation of stage I nitrifying bacteria in the activated sludge was 4.4 to 5.8% and of stage II nitrifying bacteria 21.9 to 53.8%. Denitrifying bacteria in the denitrifying beds accounted for 90% of the isolated population, which was dominated by Alcaligenes faecalis and Paracoccus denitrificans.
The Transiently Generated Nonphotochemical Quenching of Excitation Energy in Arabidopsis Leaves Is Modulated by Zeaxanthin (2007)

Upon the transition of dark-adapted plants to low light, the energy-dependent quenching (qE) of excitation energy is only transiently induced due to the only transient generation of the transthylakoid pH gradient. We investigated the transient qE (qETR) in different Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants. In dark-adapted plants, qETR was absent in the npq4 mutant (deficient in the PsbS protein) and the pgr1 mutant (restricted in lumen acidification). In comparison with wild-type plants, qETR was reduced in the zeaxanthin (Zx)-deficient npq1 mutant and increased in the Zx-accumulating npq2 mutant. After preillumination of plants (to allow the synthesis of large amounts of Zx), the formation and relaxation of qETR was accelerated in all plants (except for npq4) in comparison with the respective dark-adapted plants. The extent of qETR, however, was unchanged in npq1 and npq4, decreased in npq2, but increased in wild-type and pgr1 plants. Even in presence of high levels of Zx, qETR in pgr1 mutants was still lower than that in wild-type plants. In the presence of the uncoupler nigericin, qETR was completely abolished in all genotypes. Thus, the transient qETR shows essentially the same characteristics as the steady-state qE; it is strictly dependent on the PsbS protein and a low lumen pH, but the extent of qETR is largely modulated by Zx. These results indicate that qETR does not represent a different quenching mechanism in comparison with the steady-state qE, but simply reflects the response of qE to the dynamics of the lumen pH during light activation of photosynthesis.
Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies on β-lactamases and penicillin binding proteins (2014)

Bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics poses a serious threat to human health. Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) and β-lactamases are involved in both antibacterial activity and mediation of β-lactam antibiotic resistance. The two major reasons for resistance to β-lactams include: (i) pathogenic bacteria expressing drug insensitive PBPs rendering β-lactam antibiotics ineffective and (ii) production of β-lactamases along with alteration of their specificities. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop newer β-lactams to overcome the challenge of bacterial resistance. Therefore the present study aims to identify the binding affinity of β-lactam antibiotics with different types of PBPs and β-lactamases. In this study, cephalosporins and carbapenems are docked into PBP2a of Staphylococcus aureus, PBP2b and PBP2x of Streptococcus pneumoniae and SHV-1 β-lactamase of Escherichia coli. The results reveal that Ceftobiprole can efficiently bind to PBP2a, PBP2b and PBP2x and not strongly to SHV-1 β-lactamase. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to refine the binding mode of the docked complex structure and to observe the differences in the stability of free PBP2x and Ceftobiprole bound PBP2x. MD simulation supports the greater stability of the Ceftobiprole-PBP2x complex compared to free PBP2x. This work demonstrates that potential β-lactam antibiotics can efficiently bind to different types of PBPs for circumventing β-lactam resistance and opens avenues for the development of newer antibiotics that can target bacterial pathogens.
Preparation of slides for spores and other micro-fossils (1959)

The preparation of plant and other acid-insoluble microfossils for microscope study commonly involves the mounting of chemically processed residues on glass slides. Mounting media more commonly comprise a single layer of Canada balsam, diaphane, glycerin jelly, or other material mixed with the residue between the slide and the cover slip. These may discolor, may be too fragile, or may result in the occurrence of specimens at many different level Cellosize, a powdered hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), used in two-layered mounting, acts both as a dispersing agent and as a thin film-former which adheres firmly to both glass and plastic. HEC is water soluble so that aqueous residues do not need to be dehydrated. Several varieties are available for obtaining a range from low to high viscosity. HEC is reported to be clear, colorless, and insensitive to light. Basic phases in the maceration process of sample to obtain microfloras and associated acid-insoluble microfossils are described.
An examination of zinc uptake patterns by cultivars of sorghum and maize : Differences amongst hybrids and their parents (1985)

Abstract Zinc absorption and transport patterns were examined in sorghum and maize hybrids and their parent cultivars with a view to observe, if any, and relate the differences amongst them meaningfully to traits like hybrid vigor. Short term uptake by excised roots or intact seedlings, from different concentrations of ZnCl2 or ZnEDDHA and also, time course from 50 μM ZnCl2, were measured. The results showed significant differences in the Zn absorption patterns by excised roots of sorghum cultivars. The rate of Zn transport to shoot in CSH‐8 was found to be higher than in others. The amount of Zn transported from ZnEDDHA was also more than that from ZnCl2 in all sorghum cultivars. Furthermore, significant hybrid vigor was observed in Zn transport from ZnEDDHA for the two hybrids CSH‐7 and CSH‐8. The resemblance of absorption and transport patterns of Zn in CSH‐8 to those of 36‐A strongly suggests that the trait is inherited from the female parent. No heterosis was observed in the absorption and transport of Zn in maize hybrids. However, a linear and an exponential isotherms for Zn transport in Ganga‐5 and Ganga‐2 hybrids indicates some hybrid vigor.
Novel Series of ALK2 Inhibitors That Alter Hepcidin Expression As Potential Therapeutics for Anemia of Chronic Disease (2014)

Abstract Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is an inflammatory cytokine driven disease characterized by hypoferremia despite adequate iron stores. This is largely due to hepcidin, a master regulator of iron homeostasis, which blocks enterocytes from absorbing iron and preventing iron release from macrophages by binding to ferroportin. It is known that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) up-regulate hepcidin by activating the SMAD signaling pathway through the activin-like kinase receptor 2 (ALK2). Therefore, ALK2 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target to modulate hepcidin levels and treat ACD. We have developed a novel series of small molecule ALK2 inhibitors with promising activity in preclinical models of ACD. Using well-established cell-based and animal models of hepcidin signaling and anemia, we optimized and validated the activity of the most promising preclinical lead candidates. These compounds demonstrate significant activity in downregulating hepcidin expression in BMP-induced cell culture studies at concentrations of 100 nM or lower. Importantly, this hepcidin lowering activity was observed at concentrations that exhibited no cytotoxicity suggesting the compounds have a clean selectivity profile. The compounds also demonstrated remarkable activity in animal models of anemia, including an acute model induced by the administration of turpentine oil and a more chronic model induced by tumor formation and growth. Treatment with the lead candidates completely reversed the induction of hepcidin expression in these models and also decreased the symptoms of anemia as measured by serum iron and red blood cell levels. From these data, we have nominated a candidate to advance into IND-enabling studies that has favorable drug-like properties. We anticipate a clinical development strategy that focuses on anemia of cancer with subsequent expansion into anemia associated more broadly with other inflammatory and chronic diseases Disclosures Kim: Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Maughan:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Soh:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Bearss:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Bahr:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Bearss:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Warner:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties.
MASS: An efficient and secure broadcast authentication scheme for resource constrained devices (2013)

Message authentication for resource constrained devices is a challenging topic. Indeed, given the scarceness of on-board resources, solutions that do not rely on asymmetric key cryptography are in demand. A few solutions to address this issue have been proposed, and some have gained the status of state of the art thanks to their effectiveness and efficiency. However, even if state of the art solutions do provide sender-receiver on-the-fly message authentication, they are not able to tackle a few relevant attacks on received messages when the time dimension is taken into account. In particular, we first introduce two types of attacks: the switch command attack (where an adversary pretends to “switch” two messages over time-that is, altering the relative time ordering), and the drop command attack (where an adversary could pretend not having received a message previously sent from the legitimate sender). We then propose a new solution for broadcast authentication that copes with the above introduced attacks: MASS. Our analysis shows that MASS is effective in detecting both switch command and drop command attacks.
Linear predictive coding and the Burg algorithm for speech analysis and synthesis (1978)

The Burg algorithm for computing reflection coefficients of speech (sometimes called the covariance lattice) is compared with the autocorrelation method of linear prediction. Certain problems for small window sizes for both methods are discussed. Three dimensional displays of spectral representations and audio tapes of synthesis are used to illustrate the practical result that there appears to be no advantage to either approach for speech processing, other than the computational efficiency of the autocorrelation method. [Work supported by the Department of Defense.]
A high-performance very low-voltage current sense amplifier for nonvolatile memories (2005)

A high-performance sense amplifier for nonvolatile memories capable of working under a very low-voltage power supply is presented. The topology of the sense amplifier uses a pure current-mode comparison allowing power supplies lower than 1 V to be used and includes two subcircuits which improve slew rate performance. The sense amplifier was implemented in an EEPROM realized with a 0.18-/spl mu/m EEPROM technology. Experimental results showed a read access time of about 30 ns with a power supply of 1.65 V.
The 5' end of poliovirus mRNA is not capped with m7G(5')ppp(5')Np. (1976)

Poliovirus was grown in HeLa cells in the presence of phosphorus-32 and actinomycin D. Three to four hours after infection, viral mRNA was recovered from polyribosomes and its identity verified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of RNase T1 digests. Digestion of the viral [32P]mRNA with RNase T2 and separation of the products by ion exchange chromatography at pH 5 yielded pUp as possible 5' terminus but no "capping group" of the structure m7G(5')ppp(5')Np. Total cytoplasmic [32P]RNA of HeLa cells, on the other hand, was found to contain capping groups. Neither the capping group nor ppNp or pppNp was found in an RNase T2 digest of poliovirion [32P]RNA, in agreement with previous results [Wimmer, E. (1972) J. Mol. Biol. 68, 537-540]. The data indicate that 5'-terminal m7G(5')ppp(5')Np is absent from poliovirus RNAs and, therefore, is not involved in poliovirus protein synthesis.
A NOVEL RHODIUM-TRI-<i>N</i>-ALKYLPHOSPHINE CATALYST SYSTEM FOR THE HYDROGENATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE, FORMALDEHYDE, AND GLYCOLALDEHYDE (1986)

Abstract Syngas treatment of a mixture from rhodium compound, a large equimolar tri-n-alkylphosphine, or tri(α-nonsubstituted alkyl)phosphine, and a solvent gives rise to an orange yellow solution, which is a highly active catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to ethylene glycol and methanol. Similarly, under syngas condition, formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde are effectively hydrogenated to methanol and ethylene glycol, respectively, by the same orange yellow catalyst solution.
Synthesis of Biheteroaromatic Compounds via the Isoxazoline Route. (1987)

Hydrogenation d'heteryl-3 acetamidomethyl- et -acetoxymethyl-5 isoxazolines-2 en heteryl-1 hydroxy-3 acetamido- et acetoxy-4 butanones-1; ces composes se cyclisent thermiquement en heteryl-2 acetyl-1 pyrroles et heteryl-2 furannes
THE EFFECTS OF HYPEROXIA EXPOSURE ON LUNG FUNCTION AND PULMONARY SURFACTANT IN A RAT MODEL OF ACUTE LUNG INJURY (2009)

The objective of this study was to determine if prolonged hyperoxia exposure would deplete antioxidants, resulting in excessive oxidative stress that would lead to oxidation of pulmonary surfactant and contribute to lung dysfunction. Rats were exposed to either hyperoxic (> 95% O(2)) or normoxic (21% O(2)) oxygen concentrations for 48 or 60 hours. Pulmonary compliance, inflammatory cells, and total protein levels were measured as indicators of lung injury. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were analyzed for surfactant composition, antioxidant content, and markers of oxidative stress. Antioxidants were also measured in lung tissue and plasma samples. Hyperoxia exposure for 60 hours resulted in increased protein and inflammatory cells in BAL, and lower pulmonary compliance, compared to all other groups. Total surfactant and surfactant large aggregates were increased following 48 hours of hyperoxia exposure, with a further increase following 60 hours. Animals exposed to 60 hours of hyperoxia also demonstrated lower ascorbate levels in lung tissue, increased lipid peroxides in BAL, and increased oxidation of phosphatidylglycerol species in surfactant. This study demonstrates that the balance of oxidant/antioxidant components is disrupted within the lung during periods of hyperoxia, and that although surfactant lipids may be susceptible to oxidative damage, they do not likely represent a major mechanism for the lung dysfunction observed.
Efficient magneto-optical trapping of a metastable helium gas (2001)

This article presents a new experiment aiming at BEC of metastable helium atoms. It describes the design of a high flux discharge source of atoms and a robust laser system using a DBR diode coupled with a high power Yb doped fiber amplifier for manipulating the beam of metastable atoms. The atoms are trapped in a small quartz cell in an extreme high vacuum. The trapping design uses an additional laser (repumper) and allows the capture of a large number of metastable helium atoms (approximately 109) in a geometry favorable for loading a tight magnetostatic trap.
Polypeptide Composition of Chlamydia trachomatis (1981)

Strains of Chlamydia trachomatis representative of 14 serotypes were grown in HeLa 229 cells. HeLa cell susceptibility to chlamydial infection was increased by treating the host cells with DEAE-dextran. Optimal conditions of DEAE-dextran treatment were determined for each serotype of C. trachomatis to maximize chlamydial yields. Chlamydial polypeptides were selectively radiolabelled with 3H-labelled amino acids in the presence of emetine, an inhibitor of HeLa cell protein synthesis. The radiolabelled chlamydiae were purified from host cell components by density gradient centrifugation and their polypeptide composition was determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The distribution of the major chlamydial polypeptide of 38 000 to 42 000 daltons amongst the different serotypes correlated closely with the predominant human infections caused by each serotype. Lymphogranuloma venereum agents possessed a unique polypeptide of 118 000 daltons not found amongst trachoma inclusion conjunctivitis strains of chlamydiae. Chlamydial surface polypeptides were selectively radiolabelled with 125I by lactoperoxidase-catalysed oxidation. The major chlamydial polypeptide and polypeptides of 155 000 and 29 000 daltons were thus identified as surface polypeptides of the chlamydial elementary body. It is suggested that the 155 000 dalton polypeptide is a species-specific antigen, the major polypeptide is the principal outer membrane protein, and the 29 000 dalton polypeptide is the type-specific antigen.
Bone-defects healing by high-molecular hyaluronic acid: preliminary results. (2010)

The preliminary results show an acceleration of the bone deposit process and of its remodelling due to the presence of Hyaloss™ matrix, which, from a clinical point of view, improves the handling and application of the bone matrix inside the defects and, from a hystologic point of view makes it possible to obtain bone regeneration in less time when it is used with autologous bone.
P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer thin-film for high performance nonvolatile memory (2013)

Vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene terpolymer, P(VDF-TrFE-CFE), with small amount of CFE is utilized for thin-film nonvolatile memory. Polarization switching voltage for a 50 nm-thick film can be as low as 1 V, and is well suited for integrated driving electronics. The writing-erasing procedure is completely reversible. High signal-to-noise and high capability for data storage are observed in this memory system. Polarization state of the terpolymer is rather stable, making it applicable for memory devices. Polarization switching behavior in the terpolymer can be ascribed to reduced polar domain size with respect to the P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer, and energy cost of domain wall motion during electrically polarization switching decreases.
Preparation, Characterization, and Application of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-graft-Poly(ethylene glycol) Resins:  Novel Polymer Matrices for Solid-Phase Synthesis (2007)

Spherical crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) beads with good mechanical stability were prepared by reverse-suspension polymerization, using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cosolvent in an aqueous phase. Poly(ethylene glycol)s with varying chain lengths were grafted onto the PVA beads by anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide. The thermal behavior, morphology, and swelling were evaluated for each of the new polymer matrices. High loading and good swelling in water and organic solvents were characteristic of the PEG-grafted PVA beads. The polymer beads also exhibited good mechanical and chemical stability and were unaffected by treatment with 6 N HCl and with 6 N NaOH. The hydroxyl groups of the PVA-PEG beads were converted into aldehyde, carboxylic acid, and isocyanate functions to provide scavenger resins and were extended by way of a benzyl alcohol in a Wang linker. The transglutaminase substrates dipeptides (Z-Gln-Gly) and heptapeptides (Pro-Asn-Pro-Gln-Leu-Pro-Phe) were synthesized on PVA-PEG_5, PVA-PEG_20, and the Wang linker-derivatized PVA-PEG resins. The cleavage of the peptides from the resins using MeOH/NH3 mixture at different temperatures (0 degrees C and room temp) and 50% TFA/DCM provided, respectively, peptide methyl esters, amides, and acids in good yields and purity as assessed by LC-MS analysis.