gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic Preconditioning with Monophosphoryl Lipid A is Abolished by 5-Hydroxydecanoate, a Specific Inhibitor of the KATP Channel (1998)

We sought to determine the role of opening of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channel (K(ATP) channel) in monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA)-induced myocardial protection after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rabbit. We used 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), an ischemia-selective inhibitor of K(ATP) channel, to block MLA-stimulated cardiac protection. Four groups of rabbits were studied: group I, MLA-vehicle; group II, MLA; group III, MLA + 5-HD; and group IV, 5-HD only. MLA (35 microg/kg, i.v.) or vehicle were given 24 h before I/R. 5-HD (5 mg/kg) was given 15 min before ischemia. All rabbits underwent 30-min coronary occlusion, followed by 3-h reperfusion. Area at risk was delineated by injection of Evan's blue, and infarct size was determined by tetrazolium staining. Pretreatment with MLA reduced infarct size (percentage of area at risk) from 40+/-8.6% to 15.1+/-1.5%. The infarct size increased to 51.9+/-5.8% with 5-HD in MLA-treated rabbits. 5-HD did not alter infarct size significantly when given in vehicle-treated control rabbits. These data suggest that MLA exerts its protective effect through activation of K(ATP) channel.
Note. Periodic Review (<i>s</i>, <i>S</i>) Policies for Joint Replenishment Inventory Systems (1997)

This note deals with the joint replenishment problem with stochastic demands. A new class of policies called P(s, S) policy is proposed for this problem. The proposed policy uses independent, periodic review (s, S) policies for each item. Results on test problems show that the proposed policy is superior to other classes of policies for the problem.
Stopping the traffic: A route to arthritis therapy (2008)

The trafficking of immune cells to inflamed joints is the hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis. It has been known for years that neutrophils are abundant in the rheumatoid joints and have the potential to inflict tissue damage by the secretion of oxidants and proteases; however, the crucial role of neutrophil trafficking to the joints has only been demonstrated in recent years using transgenic mice and animal models of the disease. This finding opens the door to potential therapies based on inhibition of neutrophil trafficking. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a study reports the use of antisense RNA to knock down the expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha in mice. This has a major effect on neutrophil trafficking into inflamed joints and reverses the inflammatory swelling and tissue damage in the animal model used. This puts cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha, alongside its product leukotriene B4, on the list of potential targets for reducing cell trafficking to the joint in chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
Measurements and Prediction of the Effects of Surface Roughness on Profile Losses and Deviation in a Turbine Cascade (1998)

Measurements of pressure distributions, profile losses, and flow deviation were carried out on a planar turbine cascade in incompressible flow to assess the effects of partial roughness coverage of the blade surfaces. Spanwise-oriented bands of roughness were placed at various locations on the suction and pressure surfaces of the blades. Roughness height, spacing between roughness elements, and band width were varied. A computational method based on the inviscid/viscous interaction approach was also developed; its predictions were in good agreement with the experimental results. This indicates that good predictions can be expected for a variety of cascade and roughness configurations from any two-dimensional analysis that couples an inviscid method with a suitable rough surface boundary-layer analysis. The work also suggests that incorporation of the rough wall skin-friction law into a three-dimensional Navier–Stokes code would enable good predictions of roughness effects in three-dimensional situations. Roughness was found to have little effect on static pressure distribution around the blades and on deviation angle, provided that it does not precipitate substantial flow separation. Roughness on the suction surface can cause large increases in profile losses; roughness height and location of the leading edge of the roughness band are particularly important. Loss increments due to pressure-surface roughness are much smaller than those due to similar roughness on the suction surface.
GNSS Measurement Exclusion and Weighting with a Dual Polarized Antenna: The FANTASTIC project (2018)

The widespread use of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) in professional applications has posed very stringent requirements in terms of adoption and absolute performance. Unfortunately, current GNSS performance is not enough to fulfill the requirements of professional applications like farming, critical timing infrastructures or autonomous driving. In order to boost the adoption of these applications, the European GNSS agency (GSA) launched the FANTASTIC project aimed at enhance robustness and accuracy of GNSS in harsh environments. We will focus in this paper on the part related with the development of a weighting and exclusion function with a dual circularly polarized antenna. The idea is to reduce the effects of multipath by weighting and/or excluding those measurements affected by multipath. The capabilities of a dual polarized antenna to sense multipath will be exploited to define an exclusion threshold and to provide the weights. Real-world experiments will be shown assessing the improvements of applying the developed technique in the positioning solution.
Absence of a radiation-induced first-cycle G1-S arrest in p53+ human tumor cells synchronized by mitotic selection. (1998)

It is well known that normal human diploid fibroblasts undergo a significant, p53-dependent arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle after exposure to ionizing radiation. The presence and magnitude of a G1 arrest in human tumor cell lines, however, has been controversial, particularly in cells derived from solid tumors and irradiated during exponential growth. To examine this question more precisely, we synchronized cells by mitotic selection and irradiated them in very early G1 prior to any of the described G1 checkpoints. Progression of cells from G1 into the S phase was monitored by autoradiographic measurement of cumulative labeling indices and by flow cytometric analysis. Three different human tumor cell lines confirmed as expressing normal p53 function were examined, i.e., lines derived from an adenocarcinoma of the colon (RKO), a breast cancer (MCF-7), and a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC61). Following irradiation with 4-8 Gy, there was a transient delay in progression from G1 into S phase, lasting approximately 2 h, and in two of the three cell lines (RKO and MCF-7), a small fraction of cells (5-8%) never entered the first S phase. Although there was no evidence for a prolonged G1 arrest, the expected G2 delay was observed in all three cell lines. When irradiated RKO cells were resynchronized at the next mitosis, approximately 30% of the cells did not enter the second S phase. This latter finding is consistent with earlier reports on the kinetics of radiation-induced reproductive failure in mammalian cells. These results indicate that cells derived from human solid tumors that express normal p53 may respond to irradiation quite differently than do normal cells in terms of G1 checkpoint control.
The role of ADAM protease in the tyrosine kinase-mediated trigger mechanism of ischemic preconditioning (2004)

The results support the hypothesis that an ADAM contributes to the triggering of a tyrosine kinase-mediated and PKC-independent pathway of PC. The ADAM responsible for this tyrosine kinase-mediated pathway is likely to be ADAM17, which sheds TNF-alpha.
Cytosolic and Membrane-associated Proteins Involved in the Recruitment of AP-1 Adaptors onto the Trans-Golgi Network (1996)

The AP-1 adaptor complex is recruited from the cytosol onto the trans-Golgi network membrane, where it co-assembles with clathrin into a coat that drives vesicle budding. The GTPase ARF1 has been shown to be required for AP-1 recruitment, and here we demonstrate that we can reconstitute full GTPgammaS-dependent recruitment of adaptors onto an enriched trans-Golgi network membrane fraction by adding purified AP-1 and recombinant myristylated ARF1, indicating that these are the only soluble proteins required for binding. To identify some of the membrane proteins involved in recruitment, we have incubated permeabilized metabolically labeled cells with cytosol under conditions that promote adaptor binding, then cross-linked the samples with 3,3'dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidylproprionate), denatured by boiling in SDS, and immunoprecipitated with antibodies against the various subunits. Under these conditions, the adaptor subunits co-precipitate not only with each other and with clathrin, but also with three novel proteins: p75, which is specifically cross-linked to gamma-adaptin; p80, which is specifically cross-linked to beta'-adaptin; and p60, which is specifically cross-linked to AP47. These proteins are all candidates for components of the adaptor docking site on the trans-Golgi network membrane.
Development of ventricular assist devices in China: present status, opportunities and challenges (2014)

The growing number of heart failure patients and the scarcity of organ donors account for the huge need for the development of mechanical circulatory systems, including ventricular assist devices (VADs) and artificial hearts, in China. Several research programmes on blood pumps have been under way for the last three decades. However, unlike in other countries, the development of VADs has been extremely slow, and no system is currently approved and available for clinical application. There are many reasons for this situation. This article provides an overview of the present development of experimental and clinical research on VADs in China. In addition, the challenges for the clinical development of mechanical circulatory support in China are discussed.
A New Approach to Persian/Arabic Text Steganography (2006)

Conveying information secretly and establishing hidden relationship has been of interest since long past. Text documents have been widely used since very long time ago. Therefore, we have witnessed different method of hiding information in texts (text steganography) since past to the present. In this paper we introduce a new approach for steganography in Persian and Arabic texts. Considering the existence of too many points in Persian and Arabic phrases, in this approach, by vertical displacement of the points, we hide information in the texts. This approach can be categorized under feature coding methods. This method can be used for Persian/Arabic watermarking. Our method has been implemented by Java programming language
Crystallographic studies of perovskite-like compounds. IV. Rare earth scandates, vanadites, galliates, orthochromites (1957)

Several seandates, vanadites, galliates and orthoehromites of several of the rare earth elements and yttrium are isostructural with Gd_FeO 3. The paper includes a summary discussion of the compounds so far studied in this series of papers. Particular emphasis is given the transitions which have b~en observed and the relations existing among the various compounds and among the three structural types to which they belong.
Dynamic gating of infrared radiation in a textile (2019)

The human body absorbs and loses heat largely through infrared radiation centering around a wavelength of 10 micrometers. However, neither our skin nor the textiles that make up clothing are capable of dynamically controlling this optical channel for thermal management. By coating triacetate-cellulose bimorph fibers with a thin layer of carbon nanotubes, we effectively modulated the infrared radiation by more than 35% as the relative humidity of the underlying skin changed. Both experiments and modeling suggest that this dynamic infrared gating effect mainly arises from distance-dependent electromagnetic coupling between neighboring coated fibers in the textile yarns. This effect opens a pathway for developing wearable localized thermal management systems that are autonomous and self-powered, as well as expanding our ability to adapt to demanding environments.
Software defined infrastructures (2014)

A fundamental component of any large-scale computer system is infrastructure. Cloud computing has completely changed the way infrastructure is viewed, offering more simplicity, flexibility, and monetary benefits compared to a traditional view of infrastructure. At the core of this transformation is the notion of virtualization of infrastructure as a whole, with providers offering infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) to consumers. However, just offering IaaS alone is insufficient for software defined environments (SDEs). This paper examines infrastructure in the context of SDE and discusses what we believe are some of the fundamental characteristics required of such infrastructure—called <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">software defined infrastructure</i> (SDI)—and how it fits into the larger landscape of cloud computing environments and SDEs. Various components of SDI are discussed, including core intelligence, monitoring pieces, and management, in addition to a brief discussion on silos such as compute, network and storage. Consumer and provider points of view are also presented along with infrastructure-level service-level agreements (SLAs). Also presented are the design principles and high-level architectural design of the infrastructure intelligence controller, which constantly transforms infrastructure to honor consumer requirements (SLAs) amidst provider constraints (costs). We believe that the insights presented in this paper can be used for better design of SDE architectures and of data-center systems software in general.
Reactive Uptake of Ozone by Oleic Acid Aerosol Particles:  Application of Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry to Heterogeneous Reaction Kinetics (2002)

The technique of single-particle mass spectrometry has been coupled to a reaction flow tube to measure the uptake coefficient, γ, of ozone (O3) by oleic acid (9-octadecenoic acid) aerosol particles. The reaction was followed by monitoring the decrease of oleic acid in the size-selected particles as a function of O3 exposure. The reactive uptake coefficient is found to depend on the size of the particle, with γmeas ranging from (7.3 ± 1.5) × 10-3 to (0.99 ± 0.09) × 10-3 for particles ranging in radius from 680 nm to 2.45 μm. It is suggested that the decrease in γmeas with increasing particle size results from the reaction being limited by the diffusion of oleic acid within the particle, and based on our measurements we estimate the value of γ to be (5.8−9.8) × 10-3 for particles that are not limited by oleic acid diffusion. A reaction model that includes simultaneous diffusion and reaction of both O3 and oleic acid is developed and used to fit the observed rates of reaction. Solutions obtained from this model indicate that oleic acid must diffuse within the particle more slowly than is predicted by the measured oleic acid self-diffusion constant.1 It is proposed that this oleic acid-diffusion-limited uptake is attributable to the ozonolysis reaction products. Furthermore, these experiments demonstrate that it is not always possible to describe heterogeneous uptake by a model that decouples all relevant processes, including reaction and diffusion. Finally, the possible implications that these findings have for the role of particle morphology in the reaction of gas-phase species with atmospheric aerosols are discussed.
Alternative splicing generates a family of putative secreted and membrane‐associated MUC4 mucins (2000)

The MUC4 mucin gene encodes a putative membrane-anchored mucin with predicted size of 930 kDa, for its 26.5-kb allele. It is composed of two regions, the 850-kDa mucin-type subunit MUC4alpha and the 80-kDa membrane-associated subunit MUC4beta. In this study, we cloned and characterized unique MUC4 cDNA sequences that differ from the originally published sequence. Eight alternative splice events located downstream of the central large tandem repeat array generated eight new, distinct cDNAs. The deduced sequences of these MUC4 cDNAs (sv1-MUC4 to sv8-MUC4, the full length cDNA being called sv0-MUC4) provided seven distinct variants, five secreted forms and two membrane-associated forms. Furthermore, two other alternative splicing events located on both sides of the tandem repeat array created two variants, MUC4/Y and MUC4/X, both lacking the central tandem repeat. Therefore, MUC4 can be expressed in three distinct forms, one membrane-bound, one secreted, and one lacking the hallmark feature of mucin, the tandem repeat array. Although no specific function has yet been discovered for the family of proteins putatively produced from the unique MUC4 gene, we suspect that the MUC4 proteins may be implicated in the integrity and renewal of the epithelium.
Catabolic regulation analysis of Escherichia coli and its crp, mlc, mgsA, pgi and ptsG mutants (2011)

The transcriptional catabolite regulation mechanism was made clear for the wild type E. coli, and its crp, mlc, ptsG, pgi, and mgsA gene knockout mutants. The results indicate that catabolite repression can be relaxed and crp as well as cyaA can be increased by crp⁺, mgsA, pgi, and ptsG mutants, and thus simultaneous consumption of multiple carbon sources including glucose can be made, whereas the glucose uptake rate became lower as compared to wild type due to inactivation of ptsG in all the mutants considered.
Enhancing TCP splitting in satellite-terrestrial networks via ACK reservation (2004)

In this paper, we focus on the performance of TCP splitting in satellite-terrestrial hybrid networks. By simulation we show that long-time link outage has great negative impact on TCP throughput. To solve the problem, an ACK reservation scheme is proposed to speed up TCP recovery from link outage and analytical estimate of a key parameter of the scheme is provided for achieving high end-to-end TCP throughput. Simulation results validate our analysis, and show that after the end of link failure, the TCP source can be re-started using ACK reservation with virtually no additional lag leading to great improvement on bandwidth utilization and end-to-end throughput.
What Should the Long-Term Care Director of Nursing Really Do? (1975)

Ruth Stryker, R.N., M.A., is assistant coordinator, Long-Term Care Administration Education. Program in Hospital and Health Care Administration at the University of Minnesota, and assistant professor at the university's School of Public Health.
Explosive Vaporization of a Liquid Water Beam by Irradiation with a 10.6 μm Infrared Laser (1997)

A study was made of the explosive evaporation of a liquid beam using a 10.6 μm infrared laser. When a liquid water beam with a diameter larger than 50 μm was irradiated by a 50 W infrared laser in a direction at right angles to the liquid beam, plumes (i.e. jetlike streams), due to the explosive vaporization of the liquid, were observed from both the illuminated and the shadow faces of the liquid beam. When the diameter of the liquid beam was decreased (≦ 20μm), the generated plume became non-directional and the droplets formed became much finer. A minimum time required for the explosive vaporization of the liquid water beam was found to be ∼0.7 μs for a 50 W infrared laser with a laser spot of 0.1 mm diameter. Ions formed from a laser-irradiated aqueous solution were found to increase with increase of voltage applied to the liquid. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐selective membranes for separations (2003)

Abstract Membranes which give high fluxes without selectivities provide a large interfacial area between fluid phases which is independent of the normal constraints of loading and flooding. These membranes offer a largely unexplored route to separation process intensification. Three examples are given in the paper. First, studies of hollow fiber blood oxygenators show that flows which are only a few percent from uniform can reduce overall mass transfer by an order of magnitude. Second, flat sheet membrane evaporators promise the performance of a centrifugal evaporator at a fraction of that unit's cost. Third, distillation in hollow fibers means that the height of the transfer units can be smaller than 0.1 cm, indeed as small as desired. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Design and Synthesis of Parathyroid Hormone Analogues of Enhanced Biological Activity (1977)

Three analogues of bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH), [Tyr-34]bPTH-(1--34) amide, [Nle-8,Nle-18,Tyr-34]bPTH-(1--34)amide, and [Nle-8,Nle-18, o-NPS-Trp-23,Tyr-34]bPTH-(1--34)amide were synthesized by the solid-phase method. The synthetic peptides were found to be homogeneous in multiple analytical systems. These analogues represent the NH2-terminal one-third of the hormone, previously shown to contain all the structural requirements necessary for biological activity, but containing several structural modifications associated with enhancement and stabilization of biological activity. When tested in the in vitro renal adenylylcyclase assay, in which unsubstituted bPTH-(1--34) has a potency of 5400 MRC Units/mg, [Tyr-34]bPTH-(1--34)amide had a potency of 16,1000 MRC Units/mg, [Nle-8,Nle-18,Tyr-34]bPTH-(1--34)amide was 10,100 MRC Units/mg, and [Nle-8,Nle-18,o-NPS-Trp-23,Tyr-34]bPTH-(1--34)amide was 10,600 MRC Units/mg. The diverse structural features incorporated in these hormone analogues, resulting in a several-fold increase in biological activity in vitro, demonstrate additive effects on biological activity and should prove valuable in certain biological applications, as well as in the design of other parathyroid hormone analogues of enhanced potency.
Biospheric Primary Production During an ENSO Transition (2001)

The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) provides global monthly measurements of both oceanic phytoplankton chlorophyll biomass and light harvesting by land plants. These measurements allowed the comparison of simultaneous ocean and land net primary production (NPP) responses to a major El Niño to La Niña transition. Between September 1997 and August 2000, biospheric NPP varied by 6 petagrams of carbon per year (from 111 to 117 petagrams of carbon per year). Increases in ocean NPP were pronounced in tropical regions where El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts on upwelling and nutrient availability were greatest. Globally, land NPP did not exhibit a clear ENSO response, although regional changes were substantial.
Two-dimensional birefringence measurement using the phase shifting technique (1994)

The phase shifting technique for the measurement of a twodimensional birefringence distribution is described and discussed. The birefringent phase difference and azimuthal angle of a transparent material can be determined in the dependence of both measurements on the amplitude and phase of the polarization interferometry. A half-wave plate and a Babinet-Soleil compensator are used as phase shifters for the phase shifting technique. It can measure 256 x 256 values of the birefringent phase difference and azimuthal angle in a short time with sufficient accuracy. This method does not require moving the sample mechanically. The results and procedures for measuring such a birefringence distribution of optical components such as a calibrated Babinet-Soleil compensator, a lens, and a roof prism are discussed.