gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactions between glial progenitors and blood vessels during early postnatal corticogenesis: Blood vessel contact represents an early stage of astrocyte differentiation (1997)

The post-neurogenic period in the mammalian neocortex is characterized by the growth of astrocyte and oligodendrocyte populations and their incorporation into the network of the developing central nervous system (CNS). Many of these glial cells originate as progenitors in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and then migrate into white and gray matter before differentiating. What determines the specific cellular fate of progenitors in vivo is not known, however. In examining the early stages of gliogenesis from progenitors in the SVZ, we noted that interactions with cortical blood vessels took place at what appeared to be an early stage of glial differentiation. We have examined in more detail the interactions of progenitors with blood vessels in the early postnatal rat neocortex after labeling progenitors in vivo with a LacZ-encoding retrovirus. These early interactions are accompanied by an increase in intermediate filament expression, consistent with astrocytic differentiation. Because astrocytes interact with blood vessels and pia, we suggest that such contact represents an early stage in astrocytic differentiation. Furthermore, since angiogenesis and astrogenesis occur over a similar period, the growth of blood vessels may even play a role in the selection of astrocytic fate by a progenitor. As vessel growth slows, fewer progenitors may be directed toward an astrocyte fate, allowing more to differentiate into oligodendrocytes, perhaps explaining the shift from astrocyte genesis to oligodendrocyte genesis during early postnatal cortical development.
Reliability Analysis and Failure Prediction of Construction Equipment with Time Series Models (2015)

Reliability and availability of the equipment or plants used in construction and civil engineering field is significant issue for all stakeholders. Unexpected breakdown and repairs could cause serious consequences such as extra cost and project period extension. Therefore, it is necessary to study the reliability of the construction equipment and predict the failures in time with a reasonable degree of accuracy to prevent such losses. This paper adopts time series modelling methods to analyze and forecast the failures and other reliability characteristics such as the expected number of failures per interval and Mean time between failures (MTBF). It is found that time series models is a viable alternative that gives satisfactory results for both point and interval failure predictions in terms of its predictive performance for construction equipment reliability.
Does vibration benefit delayed-onset muscle soreness?: a meta-analysis and systematic review (2018)

Vibration is a beneficial and useful form of physiotherapy for alleviating DOMS. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role and mechanism of vibration in DOMS.
The hypoxia-inducible factors HIF1α and HIF2α are dispensable for embryonic muscle development but essential for postnatal muscle regeneration (2017)

Muscle satellite cells are myogenic stem cells whose quiescence, activation, self-renewal, and differentiation are influenced by oxygen supply, an environmental regulator of stem cell activity. Accordingly, stem cell-specific oxygen signaling pathways precisely control the balance between muscle growth and regeneration in response to oxygen fluctuations, and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are central mediators of these cellular responses. However, the <i>in vivo</i> roles of HIFs in quiescent satellite cells and activated satellite cells (myoblasts) are poorly understood. Using transgenic mouse models for cell-specific HIF expression, we show here that HIF1α and HIF2α are preferentially expressed in pre- and post-differentiation myoblasts, respectively. Interestingly, double knockouts of HIF1α and HIF2α (HIF1α/2α dKO) generated with the MyoD<sup>Cre</sup> system in embryonic myoblasts resulted in apparently normal muscle development and growth. However, HIF1α/2α dKO produced with the tamoxifen-inducible, satellite cell-specific Pax7<sup>CreER</sup> system in postnatal satellite cells delayed injury-induced muscle repair due to a reduced number of myoblasts during regeneration. Analysis of satellite cell dynamics on myofibers confirmed that HIF1α/2α dKO myoblasts exhibit reduced self-renewal but more pronounced differentiation under hypoxic conditions. Mechanistically, the HIF1α/2α dKO blunted hypoxia-induced activation of Notch signaling, a key determinant of satellite cell self-renewal. We conclude that HIF1α and HIF2α are dispensable for muscle stem cell function under normoxia but are required for maintaining satellite cell self-renewal in hypoxic environments. Our insights into a critical mechanism in satellite cell homeostasis during muscle regeneration could help inform research efforts to treat muscle diseases or improve muscle function.
SOME TRANSFORMATIONS AT THE 12a-POSITION OF THE TETRACYCLINES (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSOME TRANSFORMATIONS AT THE 12a-POSITION OF THE TETRACYCLINESRobert K. Blackwood, Hans H. Rennhard, and Charles R. StephensCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 3, 745–746Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01488a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01488a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Approximate convolution using partitioned truncated singular value decomposition filtering for binaural rendering (2013)

In conventional binaural rendering a pair of head-related impulse responses (HRIR), measured from source direction to left and right ears, is convolved with a source signal to create the impression of a virtual 3D sound source when played on headphones. It is well known that using HRIRs measured in a real room, which includes a natural reverberant decay, increases the externalization and realism of the simulation. However, the HRIR filter length in even a small room can be many thousands of taps leading to computational complexity issues in real world implementations. We propose a new method, partitioned truncated singular value decomposition (PTSVD) filtering, for approximating the convolution by partitioning the HRIR filters in time, performing a singular value decomposition on the matrix of filter partitions, and choosing the M singular-vectors corresponding to the M largest singular values to reconstruct the HRIR filters. We will show how this can be implemented in an efficient filter-bank type structure with M tapped delay lines for real-time application. We also show how improvements to the method, such as modeling the direct path HRIR separately can lead to improved rendering at minimal computational load.
A Modified Least-Laxity-First scheduling algorithm for real-time tasks (2002)

The Least-Laxity-First (LLF) scheduling algorithm assigns higher priority to a task with the least laxity, and has been proved to be optimal for uniprocessor systems. The algorithm, however is impractical to implement because laxity tie results in the frequent context switches among the tasks. The Modified Least-Laxity-First (MLLF) scheduling algorithm proposed in this paper solves the problem of the LLF scheduling algorithm by reducing the number of context switches significantly. By reducing the system overhead due to unnecessary context switches, the MLLF scheduling algorithm avoids the degradation of system performance and conserves more system resources for unanticipated aperiodic tasks. We propose the MLLF scheduling algorithm and prove its optimality. We show the performance enhancement of the proposed MLLF scheduling algorithm by using simulation results.
Temperature Dependence of Wavelength Selectable Zero-Phonon Emission from Single Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2016)

We investigate the distribution and temperature-dependent optical properties of sharp, zero-phonon emission from defect-based single photon sources in multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) flakes. We observe sharp emission lines from optically active defects distributed across an energy range that exceeds 500 meV. Spectrally resolved photon-correlation measurements verify single photon emission, even when multiple emission lines are simultaneously excited within the same h-BN flake. We also present a detailed study of the temperature-dependent line width, spectral energy shift, and intensity for two different zero-phonon lines centered at 575 and 682 nm, which reveals a nearly identical temperature dependence despite a large difference in transition energy. Our temperature-dependent results are well described by a lattice vibration model that considers piezoelectric coupling to in-plane phonons. Finally, polarization spectroscopy measurements suggest that whereas the 575 nm emission line is directly excited by 532 nm excitation, the 682 nm line is excited indirectly.
Autonomous Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Decision Making in Roundabout using Game Theory (2016)

Roundabout intersections promote a continuous flow of traffic. Roundabouts entry move traffic through an intersection more quickly, and with less congestion on approaching roads. With the introduction of smart vehicles and cooperative decision-making, roundabout management shortens the waiting time and leads to a more efficient traffic without breaking the traffic laws and earning penalties. This paper proposes a novel approach of cooperative behavior strategy in conflict situations between the autonomous vehicles in roundabout using game theory. The game theory presents a strategic decision-making technique between independent agents - players. Each individual player tends to achieve best payoff, by analyzing possible actions of other players and their influence on game outcome. The Prisoner's Dilemma game strategy is selected as approach to autonomous vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) decision making at roundabout test-bed, because the commonly known traffic laws dictate certain rules of vehicle's behavior at roundabout. It is shown that, by integrating non-zero-sum game theory in autonomous vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) decision making capabilities, the roundabout entry problem can be solved efficiently with shortened waiting times for individual autonomous vehicles.
Mechanism of Immunity to Influenza: Maternal and Passive Neonatal Protection Following Immunization of Adult Ferrets with a Live Vaccinia-Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin Recombinant but Not with Recombinants Containing Other Influenza Virus Proteins (1989)

Neonatal ferrets are protected against infection with influenza virus by milk-derived anti-influenza virus IgG after suckling on an immune mother. Live vaccines protect better than killed vaccines despite their stimulation of lower maternal haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody levels. This suggests that antibody to virus proteins other than the haemagglutinin may also be involved. To investigate this, adult ferrets were immunized intradermally with live vaccinia-influenza virus recombinants each expressing one of the 10 influenza virus polypeptides. Adult ferrets immunized with a recombinant expressing the H3 haemagglutinin were completely protected, and also passively protected their offspring, against a live challenge with clone 7a of the reassortant influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34-A/England/939/69 (H3N2), immunity being mediated by IgG antibody. However, ferrets immunized similarly with recombinants expressing the H1 haemagglutinin, neuraminidase (N1 or N2), polymerases (PB1, PB2 or PAC), matrix protein (M1 or M2), nucleoprotein (NP) or non-structural proteins (NS1 or NS2) were completely susceptible to the influenza virus.
A colorimetric method for the determination of <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine and <i>N</i>-acetylchrondrosamine (1934)

THE reaction of acetylated glucosamine with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde was first observed by Muller [1901] who showed that after warming a solution of penta-acetylglucosamine with dilute potassium hydroxide an intense reddish- purple colour was produced by the addition of a solution of p-dimethylamino- benzaldehyde acidified with hydrochloric acid [Ehrlich's reagent; 1901].
Universal solders for direct and powerful bonding on semiconductors, diamond, and optical materials (2001)

The surfaces of electronic and optical materials such as nitrides, carbides, oxides, sulfides, fluorides, selenides, diamond, silicon, and GaAs are known to be very difficult to bond with low melting point solders (&lt;300 °C). We have achieved a direct and powerful bonding on these surfaces by using low temperature solders doped with rare-earth elements. The rare earth is stored in micron-scale, finely-dispersed intermetallic islands (Sn3Lu or Au4Lu), and when released, causes chemical reactions at the interface producing strong bonds. These solders directly bond to semiconductor surfaces and provide ohmic contacts. They can be useful for providing direct electrical contacts and interconnects in a variety of electronic assemblies, dimensionally stable and reliable bonding in optical fiber, laser, or thermal management assemblies.
Experimental Validation of Low Virulence in Field Strains of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (2003)

Several reports have described Listeria monocytogenes strains which were nonpathogenic or weakly pathogenic, but little is known about these low-virulence strains. We found that 9 field L. monocytogenes strains were hypovirulent and 17 were avirulent, based on the number of mice contaminated and the colonization of their spleens after subcutaneous inoculation. All these strains possessed the known virulence genes. We have now assessed the low virulence of these strains in other assays before determining how they differ from virulent strains. We have shown that the low-virulence strains exhibited a phenotypic stability and were not a mixture of virulent and avirulent bacteria. They did not recover virulence after many passages in mice and colonized the spleens of mice more poorly than virulent strains after i.v. inoculation. Their lethal capacities, determined by 50% lethal dose (LD(50)), were lower than those of virulent strains. Like Listeria innocua, 14 of 17 avirulent strains had no LD(50) and were eliminated by the lymph nodes after subcutaneous inoculation. The virulent, hypovirulent, and avirulent strains were always significantly different, whatever the tests of virulence used, confirming the importance of these low-virulence field strains in identifying the proteins involved in virulence.
Tissue-Engineered Flexible Ear-Shaped Cartilage (2005)

This study demonstrates that it is possible to engineer a cartilage construct that resembles the human ear not only in shape but also in size and flexibility. This study also confirms that lamination is a reliable method to confer elastic-like flexibility to an engineered cartilage construct.
Oxidative stability of jojoba wax (1986)

Abstract The rates of autoxidation of crude, bleached and stripped jojoba wax were determined under conditions of accelerated oxidation (98 C). Oxidation of the raw yellow wax had a long induction period (50 hr) compared with the bleached wax (10–12 hr) or stripped wax (2 hr). These differences indicate the presence of a natural antioxidant in the crude wax. Addition of 0.02% butylated hydroxytoluene or butylated hydroxyanisole to the bleached wax restored and even improved its stability. Autoxidation of jojoba wax was also studied at room temperature. In the presence of light and air, the activity of the natural inhibitor was rapidly lost.
Photo-induced charge recombination kinetics in MAPbI<sub>3−x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub> perovskite-like solar cells using low band-gap polymers as hole conductors (2014)

We measured the charge recombination kinetics using transient photovoltage (TPV) and laser transient absorption spectroscopy (L-TAS) in MAPbI3-xClx perovskite solar cells using low band gap polymers as hole transport materials (HTMs). Unequivocally, we assigned both transient decays to the recombination process between photo-injected electrons at the TiO2 and the oxidised polymers.
Prop-Packed Fractures- A Reality On Which Productivity Increase Can Be Predicted (1970)

Abstract The placement of a propping agent in hydraulically created fractures is a more adequate basis for predicting the folds of increase after a job. This is based on the premise that all unpropped areas of the created fracture eventually heal. Thus, the penetration of the prop pack into the reservoir and the amount of fill-up in the fracture determine the stimulation results. INTRODUCTION PRESENT METHODS of predicting the results of stimulation treatments are based on the productivity index ratios developed by McGuire and Sikora(1) (Figure 1). The predicted folds of increase are in relation to the conductivity ratio before and after fracturing and the penetration of the producing formation. This assumes that the propping agent supports the entire area of the hydraulically created facture(2). Although the industry has recognized for some time that the propping agent neither penetrates the full length of the fracture nor gives complete fill-up, the complexities of describing the placement of the prop have prevented using this feature in the treatment design. Limited use has been made of the settling-rate method for describing the extent which the prop pack penetrates the vertical fracture. The quotient of the vertical extent of the fracture and the settling rate gives the maximum time the prop is suspended by the fluid. The product of this time and the velocity of the fluid in the fracture gives the maximum distance the prop penetrates the fracture. Stokes Law can be used to predict the settling rate in Newtonian fluids, but is not applicable for non-Newtonian or power-law fluids. Kerns(3) et al. and Babcock(4) et al. have made studies on the transport of prop in vertical fractures, introducing the term ?equilibrium velocity' to the industry. Equilibrium velocity is the minimum linear velocity required to keep the prop moving through the fracture. A comparison of the settling-rate method and the equilibrium-velocity method is illustrated in Figure Z. However, as is known, little has been done toward using these methods for predicting the placement of prop in the fracture. One reason for this is that most of the fluids employed in these studies have been Newtonian, and the majority of the fracturing fluids are non-Newtonian. For this reason, a study was undertaken to expand the available information on commonly used fracturing fluids, such as gelled water. Laboratory tests were run in a plexiglas model of fixed, but variable, fracture width. The simulated vertical linear fracture was 2 ft in height by 6 ft long. Fracture widths were variable from 0.1 to 0.5 inch. Prop-laden fluids passing through this fracture exhibited the same general phenomena. While pumping down the pipe, the prop is fairly evenly dispersed in the fracturing fluid. However, as the fluid 'turns the corner, going into the fracture, centrifugal force and gravity concentrate the prop in the fluid moving through the lower part of the fracture. The bulk of the prop moves along the bottom of the fracture, as a fluidized bed.
GluN2B subunit-containing NMDA receptor antagonists prevent Aβ-mediated synaptic plasticity disruption in vivo (2009)

Currently, treatment with the relatively low-affinity NMDA receptor antagonist memantine provides limited benefit in Alzheimer's disease (AD). One probable dose-limiting factor in the use of memantine is the inhibition of NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity mechanisms believed to underlie certain forms of memory. Moreover, amyloid-beta protein (Abeta) oligomers that are implicated in causing the cognitive deficits of AD potently inhibit this form of plasticity. Here we examined if subtype-preferring NMDA receptor antagonists could preferentially protect against the inhibition of NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity of excitatory synaptic transmission by Abeta in the hippocampus in vivo. Using doses that did not affect control plasticity, antagonists selective for NMDA receptors containing GluN2B but not other GluN2 subunits prevented Abeta(1-42) -mediated inhibition of plasticity. Evidence that the proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha mediates this deleterious action of Ass was provided by the ability of TNFalpha antagonists to prevent Abeta(1-42) inhibition of plasticity and the abrogation of a similar disruptive effect of TNFalpha using a GluN2B-selective antagonist. Moreover, at nearby synapses that were resistant to the inhibitory effect of TNFalpha, Abeta(1-42) did not significantly affect plasticity. These findings suggest that preferentially targeting GluN2B subunit-containing NMDARs may provide an effective means of preventing cognitive deficits in early Alzheimer's disease.
EFFECTS OF DIVERSIONS ON THE NORTH AMERICAN GREAT LAKES<sup>1</sup> (1988)

ABSTRACT: Water level fluctuations of the Great Lakes often have created regional controversies among the states and Canadian provinces that share this vast resource. Even though the 100‐year range of their water levels is only four to five feet, episodes of high and low Great Lakes water levels have been a recurring problem throughout the twentieth century. The possibility of increased diversion and consumptive use has exacerbated the existing conflicts over how to manage this water resource. A research project evaluated the effects of interbasin diversion on the Great Lakes system and on the industries that depend on the maintenance of historical water levels, namely hydropower and commercial navigation. The simulation approach employed in this research and some of the important findings are presented. The approach is similar to that used in recent government studies of Great Lakes water level regulation. Several significant modifications were made specifically addressing the diversion issue. Aggregate annual impacts to hydropower and shipping resulting from a diversion of 10,000 cubic feet per second were found to vary from 60 to 100 million dollars. Increases in impacts as a function of diversion rate are nonlinear for the navigation industry.
Imaging of Melting and Crystallization of Poly(ethylene oxide) in Real-Time by Hot-Stage Atomic Force Microscopy (1997)

Crystallization and melting in poly(ethylene oxide) are followed in real-time using hot-stage atomic force microscopy (AFM). Hedritic morphology is observed at various stages of development. Lamellar growth rates are estimated and found to agree with values obtained by conventional optical microscopy. The presence of a depletion zone is detected at the crystal/melt interface.