gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surfactant Nanotechnology Offers New Method for Removing Oil-Based Mud Residue to Achieve Fast, Effective Wellbore Cleaning and Remediation (2010)

Abstract Removal of oil-based drilling fluid (OBM) residue from the wellbore is critical to help prevent costly contamination of clear completion brines. Completion brine contaminated with OBM can adversely affect reservoir producibility. OBM residue may be present as a thin film that coats the casing or as part of the filter cake deposited on the formation. If left in place the oil can contaminate completion brines, cause excessive skin or even create emulsion blockages and formation damage. The best practice is to remove all OBM residue and water wet the casing and reservoir rock. Then clean brines can be maintained, proper zonal isolation through more effective cement bonds can be achieved and skin damage or emulsion blockage can be minimized. Currently, OBM residue is removed from the wellbore by a series of solvent and surfactant treatments. These treatments result in large disposal volumes of solvents and generally incomplete water wetting of the casing or formation by the surfactant. Eliminating the use of solvents and using only surfactants to effectively remove OBM residue provides a more environmentally-friendly outcome. A new method for removing OBM residue and water wetting surfaces relies on surfactant nanotechnology in high-density brine to form a micro-emulsion upon contact with oil. OBM filter cake with an acid-degradable weighting agent can also be removed and the reservoir becomes water wet if the surfactant is used in conjunction with an acid precursor. Micro-emulsion technology is also ideal for remediating formation damage by removing emulsion blockages and re-water wetting the reservoir. This paper presents laboratory data generated during simulated casing cleaning and filter cake degradation experiments. Cleaning efficiency, permeability and wettability studies were performed showing the versatility of micro-emulsion technologies. The paper also presents and discusses field data from completion fluid displacements, cement pre-flushes and filter cake removal operations.
Acute pancreatitis in chronic renal failure. (1996)

AP in CRF is frequently of unknown cause, suggesting the role of either CRF or other factors. Irrespective of cause, AP in CRF is a serious disease, associated with a high morbidity and mortality.
[A baby who is too pink]. (1987)

A 5 week old preterm boy born by caesarean section on maternal indication at a gestational age of 33 weeks is described, who developed a symptomatic zinc deficiency. He developed diarrhea, dermatological problems and convulsions. IV-zinc supplements and subsequent oral zinc medication induced a complete remission of symptoms. Pathofysiologic sequences as well as disease states (sub-normal intake before and after birth, decreased absorption and increased loss) that can lead to zinc deficiency are discussed. To prevent a deficiency, an intake of 300-450 mcg/kg/day i.v. of elementary zinc in case of total parenteral nutrition and 700 mcg/kg/day p.o. in case of oral feeding is recommended.
A common epithelial cell surface antigen (EPM-1) on gastrointestinal tumors and in human sera. (1987)

A common epithelial cell surface marker (EPM-1) was defined by two monoclonal antibodies (Pa-25 and Pa-42), raised against a pancreatic tumor cell line (Capan-1). Both monoclonal antibodies were tested on 49 cultured human cell lines and 244 tissue samples and reacted with all 76 tissue samples of 20 different normal epithelial cell types and with 57 of 63 epithelial tumor tissue samples of nonendocrine origin. Included were eight exocrine pancreatic carcinomas. There the percentage of EPM-1 positive tumor cells correlated with tumor grading. EPM-1 was detectable on the cell surface of cultured human cell lines of the pancreas, liver, colon, and mamma. Some epithelial tumor cell lines did not express EPM-1 on the cell surface, but in the cytoplasm. 100 nonepithelial and epithelial endocrine tissue samples as well as 25 nonepithelial cultured tumor and normal cells were unreactive with monoclonal antibodies Pa-25 and Pa-42. These included cells of neuronal, endocrine, and mesenchymal origin. EPM-1 activity was purified from pancreas tumor cells Capan-1 and from human sera by high-performance liquid chromatography and its molecular weight amounts to about Mr 400,000. EPM-1 was detectable in bronchial, intestinal, and pancreatic secretions and saliva and serum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. EPM-1 values were high in the sera of normal individuals, but low or not detectable in most sera (21 of 31) of patients with gastrointestinal tumors. EPM-1 represents a novel differentiation marker for epithelial cell types, which should have a central role in the biology of normal and tumorous epithelial cells.
Age and body surface area dependency of mitral valve and papillary apparatus parameters: assessment by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (2008)

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography-derived MV annular, tenting, and papillary muscle parameters vary widely in normal subjects. When used clinically, normal values of parameters that are age- and/or BSA-dependent need to be adjusted accordingly.
Vibration Analysis for Circular Arches with Variable Cross-section by using Differential Transformation and Generalized Differential Quadrature (2004)

The vibration analysis of the circular arch as a member of a structure has been an important subject of mechanics due to its various applications to many industrial fields. In particular, circular arches with variable cross section are widely used to optimize the distribution of weight and strength and to satisfy special architectural and functional requirements. The Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM) and Differential Transformation Method (DTM) were recently proposed by Shu and Zou, respectively. In this study, GDQM and DTM were applied to the vibration analysis of circular arches with variable cross section. The governing equations of motion for circular arches with variable cross section were derived. The concepts of Differential Transformation and Generalized Differential Quadrature were briefly introduced. The non-dimensionless natural frequencies of circular arches with variable cross section were obtained for various boundary conditions. The results obtained using these methods were compared with those of previous works. GDQM and DTM showed fast convergence, accuracy, efficiency, and validity in solving the vibration problem of circular arches with variable cross section.
Exploiting Synergistic Effects of Intermolecular Interactions To Synthesize Hybrid Rejuvenators To Revitalize Aged Asphalt (2019)

This paper examines the merits of using a hybrid bio-oil derived from algae and swine manure to rejuvenate aged bitumen by restoring the bitumen properties which are degraded during oxidative aging. Nitrogen-containing compounds have been found to be effective for decreasing the size of molecular agglomerates which are intensified during aging provided they adequately penetrate into the oxidized asphaltene agglomerations. The enhancement effect is mainly attributed to their electronic structures, including the polar head and hydrocarbon tail which can interact with asphaltene with CH−π interactions. In this study, we hypothesize that combining bio-oils extracted from high-protein algae and swine manure can help balance the heteromolecule content, which in turn leads to synthesizing an effective hybrid biorejuvenator to revitalize aged bitumen. Computational analysis was used to determine the specific rejuvenation mechanisms between the hybrid biorejuvenator and an oxidized asphaltene dimer found in the aged bitumen. Our analysis via density functional theory showed that the biorejuvenation process involves a two-step mechanism: First, the biorejuvenators interact with polar sites of the asphaltene nanoaggregates in aged bitumen to increase intersheet spacing referred to as the lock-and-key mechanism. Second, the biorejuvenators intercalate into the intersheet spacing within the stacks of asphaltene to induce deagglomeration. Accordingly, the hybrid biorejuvenator was designed to have molecules targeting either of the two mechanisms. Therefore, blending molecules of the algae-based bio-oil, which are mainly effective in the first step with those of swine-manure-based bio-oil, which are effective in the second step led to a biorejuvenator with significantly higher efficiency than either of them individually. This was attributed to heteroaromatic motifs and nitrogen-carrying compounds with a hydrocarbon tail, which contribute to opening (lock-and-key) and intercalation mechanisms, respectively. The enhanced efficiency of the hybrid biorejuvenator was further verified via a series of laboratory experiments as well as molecular dynamics simulations; it was found that the hybrid biorejuvenator is more effective to increase crossover modulus and decrease size of asphaltene nanoaggregates of aged bitumen than the swine-manure-based bio-oil and the algae-based bio-oil alone. Regardless of the bitumen origin, the hybrid biorejuvenator was able to promote deagglomeration of oxidized asphaltene and revitalize aged bitumen.
Process uniformity for plasma etchback and desmear in printed wiring board manufacturing (1996)

In the manufacture of printed wiring boards (PWB), plasma etchback and desmear processes facilitate the making of good mechanical and electrical bonds of copper inner layers to copper plating. Without sufficient plasma treatment, internal layer copper features receive inadequate polymer removal which results in circuit discontinuity during the plating process. Additionally, the plasma serves to roughen the polymer wall of drilled holes which improves copper adhesion. To ensure proper plasma treatment, careful adherence to strict production guidelines is essential. These guidelines include attention to several critical criteria in placement, pretreatment and treatment of the PWBs during the plasma process; process verification via post plasma testing; and careful process monitoring throughout. In this brief, some guidelines for process monitoring and control will be discussed. A description of a new plasma monitor utilizing optical emission spectroscopy (OES), developed cooperatively between Sandia National Laboratories, National Consortium for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS) and Texas Instruments Inc., will be discussed along with possible benefits derived from in situ monitoring of plasma systems.
Reviews of Books (1947)

Reviews of Books Robespierre. By GÉRARD WALTER (Paris: Gallimard, 1946). J. M. THOMPSON J. M. THOMPSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXII, Issue CCXLIII, July 1947, Pages 258–260, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXII.CCXLIII.258 Published: 01 July 1947
Regulation of IgE Synthesis (1984)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Determining Image Base of Firmware Files for ARM Devices (2016)

Disassembly, as a principal reverse-engineering tool, is the process of recovering the equivalent assembly instructions of a program's machine code from its binary representation. However, when disassembling a firmware file, the disassembly process cannot be performed well if the image base is unknown. In this paper, we propose an innovative method to determine the image base of a firmware file with ARM/Thumb instruction set. First, based on the characteristics of the function entry table (FET) for an ARM processor, an algorithm called FIND-FET is proposed to identify the function entry tables. Second, by using the most common instructions of function prologue and FETs, the FIND-BASE algorithm is proposed to determine the candidate image base by counting the matched functions and then choose the one with maximal matched FETs as the final result. The algorithms are applied on some firmwares collected from the Internet, and results indicate that they can effectively find out the image base for the majority of example firmware files.
The Depression—Happiness Scale: Test-Retest Data over Two Weeks (1999)

The present aim was to examine further the psychometric properties of the Depression-Happiness Scale. Test-retest data over 2 wk. are reported for this scale for a sample of 54 female Northern Irish university students. Stability was fairly high as r = .70, and there was no significant change between Time 1 and Time 2 (M = 49.7 and 50.8, respectively). The data suggest that the Depression-Happiness Scale might be considered a trait measure of happiness rather than a state measure.
Transplantation of fetal spinal cord tissue into the chronically injured adult rat spinal cord (1988)

Transplants of fetal central nervous system (CNS) tissue into the acutely injured rat spinal cord have been demonstrated to differentiate and partially integrate with the adjacent host neuropil. In the present study, we examined the potential for applying a transplantation approach to chronic spinal cord lesions. In particular, we were interested in learning whether host-graft fusion would be adversely affected by an advanced histopathology characterized in part by glial scar formation. Hemisection cavities were prepared at lumbar levels of the adult rat spinal cord 2-7 weeks prior to the transplantation of spinal cord tissue obtained from 14-day rat fetuses. Graft survival, differentiation, and integration with the host spinal cord were subsequently evaluated by light microscopic techniques at post-transplantation intervals of 1-6 months. Immunocytochemistry was also employed to examine the extent of astrocytic scar formation at the host-graft interface and serotoninergic innervation of the grafts. In some other cases, anterograde and retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase was used to determine whether axonal projections were formed between the host spinal cords and grafts. By 2 weeks after injury the initial lesion cavities were surrounded by a continuous astrocytic scar which remained intact for at least 7 weeks after injury in nongrafted control animals. In other animals, transplantation into these advanced lesions resulted in well-differentiated grafts with a 90% long-term survival rate. Although dense gliosis was still present along the lesion surfaces of the recipient spinal cord, foci of confluent host-graft neuropil were observed where interruptions in the scar had occurred. Donor tissue integrated most often with the host spinal cord at interfaces with host gray matter; however, some implants also exhibited sites of fusion with damaged host white matter. Thus, some regions of confluent graft and host neuropil could be routinely identified, despite the presence of a dense glial scar along the walls of the chronic lesion site at the time of transplantation. Anterograde and retrograde tract-tracing results suggested that some axonal projections into these grafts had originated from host neurons located immediately adjacent to the donor-recipient interface. In addition, immunocytochemistry revealed some host serotoninergic axons (presumably of supraspinal origin) traversing nongliotic interfaces. The results of this study raise the possibility that grafted fetal CNS tissue has a capacity for stimulating partial regression of an established glial scar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Left Academy (1986)

Review of The Left Academy: Marxist Scholarship on American Campuses edited by Bertel Ollman and Edward Vernoff.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Progressive rise in gut hormone levels after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass suggests gut adaptation and explains altered satiety (2006)

RYGB resulted in substantial weight loss with enhanced postprandial satiety, a sustained weight plateau, and proportionate reduction in fasting insulin and leptin levels. Lack of the expected increase in appetite and food intake as components of a counter-regulatory response may be explained by gut adaptation and the consequent graded rise in the levels of gut hormones that promote satiety.
Selective adenosine A3 receptor stimulation reduces ischemic myocardial injury in the rabbit heart (1997)

These data clearly demonstrate that selective A3 receptor activation provides cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rabbit heart. Furthermore, the degree of A3-dependent cardioprotection is similar to that provided by A1 receptor stimulation or ischemic preconditioning.
Multi-media information services: a laboratory study (1988)

An overview is given of the work of a research group studying advanced information services. The general form of today's information services is discussed as a baseline for considering the future, and some key technological advances (including a broadband public-switched network) that are expected to greatly influence the continuing evolution of such services are listed. A description is given of a multimedia information services laboratory, consisting of a services testbed and application prototypes, which was constructed to illustrate and study important aspects of future services. The end-to-end performance requirements for these services are examined. Two examples are given to illustrate universal communications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Poly(2,6-diaryl-1,4-phenylene oxides) (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(2,6-diaryl-1,4-phenylene oxides)A. S. Hay and R. F. ClarkCite this: Macromolecules 1970, 3, 5, 533–535Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60017a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60017a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solution Structure of LXXLL-related Cofactor Peptide of Orphan Nuclear Receptor FTZ-F1 (2012)

Functional interaction between Drosophila orphan receptor FTZ-F1 (NR5A3) and a segmentation gene product fushi tarazu (FTZ) is crucial for regulating genes related to define the identities of alternate segmental regions in the Drosophila embryo. FTZ binding to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of FTZ-F1 is of essence in activating its transcription process. We determined solution structures of the cofactor peptide (<TEX>$FTZ^{PEP}$</TEX>) derived from FTZ by NMR spectroscopy. The cofactor peptide showed a nascent helical conformation in aqueous solution, however, the helicity was increased in the presence of TFE. Furthermore, <TEX>$FTZ^{PEP}$</TEX> formed <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-helical conformation upon FTZ-F1 binding, which provides a receptor bound structure of <TEX>$FTZ^{PEP}$</TEX>. The solution structure of <TEX>$FTZ^{PEP}$</TEX> in the presence of FTZ-F1 displays a long stretch of the <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-helix with a bend in the middle of helix.
Discordant Cellular Response to Presurgical Letrozole in Bilateral Synchronous ER+ Breast Cancers with a<i>KRAS</i>Mutation or<i>FGFR1</i>Gene Amplification (2012)

We describe herein a patient presenting with bilateral estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast tumors who was enrolled in a clinical trial exploring molecular aberrations associated with hormone-refractory tumor cell proliferation. Short-term (two week) hormonal therapy with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole substantially reduced proliferation as measured by Ki67 immunohistochemistry in one tumor, whereas the second was essentially unchanged. Extensive molecular and genetic work-up of the two tumors yielded divergent lesions in the two tumors: an activating KRAS mutation in the responsive tumor and an amplification of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) locus in the treatment-refractory tumor. These findings provide an insight to possible mechanisms of resistance to antiestrogen therapy in ER+ breast cancers. First, they illustrate the necessity of clinically approved assays to identify FGFR1 gene amplification, which occur in approximately 5% of breast tumors and have been linked to antiestrogen resistance. It is quite possible that the addition of FGFR inhibitors to ER-targeted therapy will yield a superior antitumor effect and improved patient outcome. Second, they suggest that the role of activating mutations in RAS, although rare in breast cancer, may need to be explored in the context of ER+ breast tumors.
`Senile' Osteoporosis Reconsidered (1989)

Osteoporosis is a devastating, morbid, and costly condition whose ravages are felt most profoundly by women over age 70 years. Yet most research on its prevention and treatment has focused on perimenopausal women, although there are significant differences between perimenopausal and older women in factors related to bone mineral metabolism, rates of bone loss, the structural integrity of remaining bone, risk factors for fractures, and the types of fractures sustained. Currently recommended therapies, which slow bone loss in perimenopausal women, may be of less benefit for older women whose loss of bone has already slowed or ceased and whose remaining bone may be of inadequate quantity and quality to prevent fracture. Thus, the application of currently available modalities is unlikely to mitigate significantly the consequences of osteoporosis in this population. Further research is urgently needed, and some directions for future investigation are suggested. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:1025-1029)
Standard procedures for rating and testing centrifugal compressors (1945)

Report on the NACA test-rig installation, measurements, instrumentation, test procedure, methods of calculation, and presentation of data for rating and testing centrifugal superchargers. Special precautions for certain portions of testing are also provided.
Iron clusters occluded in zeolite ZSM5 micropores (2003)

The effect of high temerature calcination and steaming on iron-contg. zeolite was studied. Iron was introduced by sublimation of FeCl3. FTIR measurements clearly show the disappearance of Broensted acid sites upon such treatments. This is attributed to a reaction between small occluded Fe oxide clusters obtained after initial low temp. calcination and the zeolite protons to give cationic Fe species compensating the neg. zeolite charge. High temp. calcination and esp. steaming considerably increase the catalyst activity in nitrous oxide decompn. The two treated catalysts exhibit a higher apparent activation energy than the original sample. This high apparent activation energy is compensated by a high pre-exponential factor. In Fe/ZSM5 the activity mainly derives from small Fe oxide clusters, while upon treatment more active cationic species are generated. The kinetic parameters point to a stronger Fe-O bond for the latter case.