gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Hydroxyl Groups Versus Physical Entanglements on the Electrospinning Behavior of Wheat Protein (2007)

The present work investigates the effects of hydroxyl end groups on the electrospinning behavior of wheat gluten protein. We focus upon the impact of both a low molecular weight additive (a star-branched polyol: ethoxylated trimethylolpropane) and a high molecular weight additive (a synthetic biodegradable polymer: poly(vinyl alcohol) on the ability to form electrospun fibers from wheat gluten. The presence of the star-branched polyol in the system appears to impede the formation of molecular entanglements and intermolecular disulfide bridges required for fiber formation, while the addition of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) to the system leads to a significant increase in the overall number of physical chain entanglements required for fiber formation. The mechanical testing data support the overriding importance of physical chain entanglements as larger amounts of PVOH are combined with wheat gluten. The tensile strength of the wheat gluten-based electrospun fibrous mats, which, increased by an order of magnitude upon adding 13% (w/w) PVOH to the electrospinning solution, resulted in a rapid increase in the measured toughness at 26% (w/w) PVOH. The corresponding scanning electron micrographs reveal that the addition of PVOH to the gluten system results in the formation of flat, ribbonlike fibers. Dough mixograms were also collected to further elucidate the effect of additional hydroxyl groups on the interactions between the gluten protein chains. Evidence reveals that in the high-concentration, doughy regime, a small fraction of the protein–water interactions are replaced by favorable polyol–protein interactions; however, in the dilute-concentration regime, these favorable polyol–protein interactions appear to develop at the expense of disulfide bond formation, a requirement for obtaining fibers via electrospinning.
Morning vaccination enhances antibody response over afternoon vaccination: A cluster-randomised trial (2016)

This trial is registered with the ISRCTN (ISRCTN70898162).
Estimating crosstalk in multiconductor transmission lines (1996)

Modern inter-chip interconnects frequently require that many signal lines be routed in parallel over electrically significant distances. In order to predict that electrical performance goals will be met, accurate and numerically efficient estimates of signal crosstalk voltages must be made. Conventional crosstalk coefficient formulas, that are based on two-line models, are not applicable to cases in which there are more than two lines, or in which the dielectric medium is not homogeneous. This paper describes an analytic means through which both near-end and far-end crosstalk voltages can be estimated for the general case of multiconductor coupled transmission lines. The effects of velocity dispersion on crosstalk voltages are included in the analysis, and are shown to be functions of signal risetimes.
Testability and yield of MMICs (1992)

Summary form only given. An approach to MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) yield measurement involving on-wafer functional testing was discussed. On-wafer RF testing, combined with minimum DC testing, provides the necessary testing of individual chips with minimum costs. The on-wafer tests used to screen MMICs for yield current include measurements of output power, complex gain, return loss, noise, and spurious output. To provide effective on-wafer screening of MMICs, testability must be included as part of the design. The design issues that influence on-wafer testability include pad placement, stability, number of connections, and thermal resistance. The testing required to identify good die may range from full functional testing of every specification to simple DC screening. The required level of testing is usually related to the performance requirements of the chip and the design margins.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Parallel routing of VLSI circuits based on net independency (2002)

During the layout synthesis of integrated circuits, a major part of the time is spent with routing the interconnections of the chip's cells. Even for the most simple optimization criteria, this problem is np-complete, making the use of heuristics necessary. But even when using heuristics, the time required by the routing phase is very high. In the past, several approaches have been proposed to speed up the routing phase by applying parallel processing. Most of these approaches distribute the routing area among processors and have to cope with a considerable communication overhead. In this paper, we present a novel approach where sets of nets are distributed. We show experimentally that this approach leads to significant speedups even in workstation networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of heat conduction on the spatial selectivity of infrared stimulation in the cochlea (2015)

The heat conduction affects the laser spatial selectivity however, by adjusting the stimulation schemes of the laser pulse-trains, such as laser repetition rate and laser power, the laser selectivity can be optimized.
Discrete simulation of colored noise and stochastic processes and 1/f/sup α/ power law noise generation (1995)

This paper discusses techniques for generating digital sequences of noise which simulate processes with certain known properties or describing equations. Part I of the paper presents a review of stochastic processes and spectral estimation (with some new results) and a tutorial on simulating continuous noise processes with a known autospectral density or autocorrelation function. In defining these techniques for computer generating sequences, it also defines the necessary accuracy criteria. These methods are compared to some of the common techniques for noise generation and the problems, or advantages, of each are discussed. Finally, Part I presents results on simulating stochastic differential equations. A Runge-Kutta (RK) method is presented for numerically solving these equations. Part II of the paper discusses power law, or 1/f/sup /spl alpha//, noises. Such noise processes occur frequently in nature and, in many cases, with nonintegral values for /spl alpha/. A review of 1/f noises in devices and systems is followed by a discussion of the most common continuous 1/f noise models. The paper then presents a new digital model for power law noises. This model allows for very accurate and efficient computer generation of 1/f/sup /spl alpha// noises for any /spl alpha/. Many of the statistical properties of this model are discussed and compared to the previous continuous models. Lastly, a number of approximate techniques for generating power law noises are presented for rapid or real time simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance of a simulated multiprogramming system (1968)

In a recent paper, A. Scherr discussed main storage fragmentation and other aspects of the behavior of the MVT option of OS/360 (Multiprogramming with a Variable Number of Tasks). The behavior of MVT running on a System/360, Model 65 CPU was deduced from observations and measurements on a model.
Optimal anisotropic meshes for minimizing interpolation errors in $L^p$-norm (2006)

In this paper, we present a new optimal interpolation error estimate in $L^p$ norm ($1\leq p\leq \infty$) for finite element simplicial meshes in any spatial dimension. A sufficient condition for a mesh to be nearly optimal is that it is quasi-uniform under a new metric defined by a modified Hessian matrix of the function to be interpolated. We also give new functionals for the global moving mesh method and obtain optimal monitor functions from the viewpoint of minimizing interpolation error in the $L^p$ norm. Some numerical examples are also given to support the theoretical estimates.
Nanoencapsulation of pomegranate bioactive compounds for breast cancer chemoprevention (2015)

Pomegranate polyphenols are potent antioxidants and chemopreventive agents but have low bioavailability and a short half-life. For example, punicalagin (PU), the major polyphenol in pomegranates, is not absorbed in its intact form but is hydrolyzed to ellagic acid (EA) moieties and rapidly metabolized into short-lived metabolites of EA. We hypothesized that encapsulation of pomegranate polyphenols into biodegradable sustained release nanoparticles (NPs) may circumvent these limitations. We describe here the development, characterization, and bioactivity assessment of novel formulations of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) NPs loaded with pomegranate extract (PE) or individual polyphenols such as PU or EA. Monodispersed, spherical 150-200 nm average diameter NPs were prepared by the double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Uptake of Alexa Fluor-488-labeled NPs was evaluated in MCF-7 breast cancer cells over a 24-hour time course. Confocal fluorescent microscopy revealed that PLGA-PEG NPs were efficiently taken up, and the uptake reached the maximum at 24 hours. In addition, we examined the antiproliferative effects of PE-, PU-, and/or EA-loaded NPs in MCF-7 and Hs578T breast cancer cells. We found that PE, PU, and EA nanoprototypes had a 2- to 12-fold enhanced effect on cell growth inhibition compared to their free counterparts, while void NPs did not affect cell growth. PU-NPs were the most potent nanoprototype of pomegranates. Thus, PU may be the polyphenol of choice for further chemoprevention studies with pomegranate nanoprototypes. These data demonstrate that nanotechnology-enabled delivery of pomegranate polyphenols enhances their anticancer effects in breast cancer cells. Thus, pomegranate polyphenols are promising agents for nanochemoprevention of breast cancer.
Nanocontact Electrification through Forced Delamination of Dielectric Interfaces (2010)

This article reports patterned transfer of charge between conformal material interfaces through a concept referred to as nanocontact electrification. Nanocontacts of different size and shape are formed between surface-functionalized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps and other dielectric materials (PMMA, SiO(2)). Forced delamination and cleavage of the interface yields a well-defined charge pattern with a minimal feature size of 100 nm. The process produces charged surfaces and associated fields that exceed the breakdown strength of air, leading to strong long-range adhesive forces and force-distance curves, which are recorded over macroscopic distances. The process is applied to fabricate charge-patterned surfaces for nanoxerography demonstrating 200 nm resolution nanoparticle prints and applied to thin film electronics where the patterned charges are used to shift the threshold voltages of underlying transistors.
Improving the efficiency of precise genome editing with site-specific Cas9-oligonucleotide conjugates (2020)

Site-specific chemical conjugation of proteins can enhance their therapeutic and diagnostic utility but has seldom been applied to CRISPR-Cas9, which is a rapidly growing field with great therapeutic potential. The low efficiency of homology-directed repair remains a major hurdle in CRISPR-Cas9-mediated precise genome editing, which is limited by low concentration of donor DNA template at the cleavage site. In this study, we have developed methodology to site-specifically conjugate oligonucleotides to recombinant Cas9 protein containing a genetically encoded noncanonical amino acid with orthogonal chemical reactivity. The Cas9-oligonucleotide conjugates recruited an unmodified donor DNA template to the target site through base pairing, markedly increasing homology-directed repair efficiency in both human cell culture and mouse zygotes. These chemically modified Cas9 mutants provide an additional tool, one that is complementary to chemically modified nucleic acids, for improving the utility of CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-editing systems.
The Effect of Binders on the Performance and Degradation of the Lithium/Sulfur Battery Assembled in the Discharged State (2016)

Capacity fading on cycling of lithium/sulfur batteries may result from at least four processes: increase of SEI thickness resistance, loss of cathode capacity (precipitation of sulfur species outside the cathode), agglomeration and thickening of sulfur species and increase in cell impedance as a result of reduction of the electrolyte. A very important issue that has not been properly addressed up to now is the influence of the type and content of the cathode binder on the cell parameters and on the electrochemical performance of lithium/sulfur batteries. We present here a detailed analysis and discussion of the electrochemical behavior, during prolonged cycling, of Li2S-based cathodes containing five different binders. The binders under investigation are: poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF-HFP), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), mix of PVP with polyethylene imine (PEI), polyaniline (PANI) and lithium polyacrylate (LiPAA). Sulfur utilization in the cathode follows the order of LiPAA > PVP:PEI > PVP > PVDF-HFP > PANI. Depending on the type of binder, cells provide 500 to 1400 mAh/g (S), 94.6–98.0% faradaic efficiency and enable more than 500 reversible cycles.
Computational modeling of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (2010)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010.
Quantum-Based Amplitude Modulation Radio Receiver Using Rydberg Atoms (2018)

The highly-excited Rydberg states are with a unique property of radio-frequency (RF) resonance, and Rydberg atoms at room temperature are promising for developing a broadband RF electric field sensor and relevant metrology standards. In this paper, the working mechanism of an atomic amplitude-modulation(AM) radio receiver is investigated in detail, and various factors affecting the communication quality are discussed. The modulation RF signal can be directly retrieved by measuring the transmission of a probe laser at resonance of rubidium D2 transition using a fast photo-diode detector, without any conventional demodulation process. Various communication experiments are tested at a 10.22 GHz carrier, and a modulation bandwidth of 1 MHz and an acceptable data transfer rate of about 1 Mbps have been achieved using current detection techniques. Owing to a potential high sensitivity and ultra-broadband capability of free-space RF field sensing, the quantum receiver has great significance compared with conventional electronics-based receivers, including but not limited to a weak signal, long-distance, and broadband communication in free space or via a fiber link.
A recurrent neural network for 1-D phase retrieval (2003)

In this paper we propose the use of recurrent neural networks for solving the problem of signal restoration from its Fourier spectrum magnitudes. The neural network incorporates the constants related to the real and imaginary parts of the spectrum. We analyze the stability and convergence of the proposed neural network. The solution is provided by the steady state of the neural network. The obtained simulation results demonstrate the high efficiency of our approach.
Heavy Metal with a Heavy Impact: Olefin Dimerization Reactions in Triphenylbismuth Buffered Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids (2011)

Abstract The addition of weak Lewis bases such as NPh 3 , PPh 3 , or BiPh 3 (Ph=phenyl) to Lewis acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquids yielded efficient cocatalysts for nickel catalyst precursors in highly selective biphasic dimerization reactions of α‐olefins. Triphenylbismuth buffered systems were found to produce up to 96 % dimers from propene. Selectivities and activities were influenced by varying the compositions of the ionic liquids. Furthermore, buffer addition reduced the melting points of the resulting liquids. This effect allowed a screening of many different organic halide salts, which were found to strongly influence the lifetimes and selectivities of the corresponding biphasic olefin dimerization systems. An optimized system dimerized ethene, propene, 1‐butene, and 1‐hexene with high selectivities. It is even possible to recycle amines and buffers used for these compositions by a simple acid base extraction of the spent ionic liquid catalyst systems. We also proposed a mechanism for these Ni II catalyzed selective olefin dimerization reactions in alkylaluminum free buffered chloroaluminate melts. The addition of small amounts of BiPh 3 to an ionic liquid composition used in the commercial DIFASOL process increased the selectivity to give dimers from a biphasic propene dimerization reaction by 15 %.
Potential Additional Effect of Omentectomy on Metabolic Syndrome, Acute-Phase Reactants, and Inflammatory Mediators in Grade III Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (2010)

Omentectomy does not have an ancillary short-term significant impact on the components of metabolic syndrome and does not induce important changes in the inflammatory mediators in patients undergoing LRYGB. Operative time is more prolonged when omentectomy is performed.
Evaluation of Antigen-Specific T-Cell Responses with a Miniaturized and Automated Method (2008)

The evaluation of antigen-specific T-cell responses is helpful for both research and clinical settings. Several techniques can enumerate antigen-responsive T cells or measure their products, but they require remarkable amounts of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Since screening numerous antigens or testing samples from pediatric or lymphopenic patients is hampered in clinical practice, we refined a miniaturized, high-throughput assay for T-cell immunity. Antigens and cells in 10-microl volumes were dispensed into 1,536-well culture plates precoated with anti-gamma interferon (anti-IFN-gamma) antibodies. After being cultured, the wells were developed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for bound cytokine. Miniaturization and automation allowed quantitation of antigen-specific responses on 10(4) PBMCs. This method was applied for epitope mapping of mycobacterial antigens and was used in the clinic to evaluate T-cell immunity to relevant opportunistic pathogens by using small blood samples. A comparison with conventional methods showed similar sensitivity. Therefore, current flow cytometric methods that provide information on frequency and phenotype of specific T cells can be complemented by this assay that provides extensive information on cytokine concentrations and profiles and requires 20- to 50-fold fewer PBMCs than other analytical methods.
The Zebrafish: A Powerful Platform for <i>In Vivo</i> , HTS Drug Discovery (2011)

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an emerging vertebrate model for drug discovery that permits whole animal drug screens with excellent throughput, combined with ease of use and low cost. This review will begin with a discussion on the background, suitability, and advantages of this vertebrate model system and then, citing specific examples, will describe the utility of zebrafish at specific stages in the drug development pipeline. We will end with a synopsis of recent drug screens based on morphological disruptions, genetic disease models, fluorescent markers, behavioral changes, and specific targets. The numerous advantages of this whole animal approach provide new promise for the discovery of safe, specific, and powerful new drugs.
In Vitro Effects of Melatonin and Serotonin on Adrenal Steroidogenesis (1978)

The effects of melatonin and serotonin on adrenal steroidogenesis were studied. Adrenals were obtained from 42-day-old intact female Long-Evans rats maintained under a photoperiod of 12-hr light: 12-hr dark. Tissue slices and homogenates were incubated in the presence of 45 nmole/ml of melatonin or serotonin. Melatonin stimulates reductase activity. As a consequence secretion rates of dihydrocor-ticosterone and tetrahydrocorticosterone increase with a concomitant decline in proportionate secretion of corticosterone. Serotonin does not alter any of these parameters of adrenal steroidogenesis. ACTH, prolactin, GH, testosterone, and estradiol have long been known to inhibit 5α-reductase activity. The stimulatory influence of melatonin stands in striking contrast to the effects of these hormones.
The Positive Effects of Mentoring Economically Disadvantaged Students. (1999)

We report a case of segmental infarction of a testicle seen in a 28-year-old man with right lower abdominal pain who visited our hospital. On physical examination, the right testicle was slightly elevated and Prehn's sign was positive. As torsion of the right spermatic cord was suspected, ultrasonography and color Doppler sonography were performed, revealing sufficient blood supply in the right spermatic cord and in the most part of the right testicle. However, a low echogenic area without blood flow was noted in the upper pole of testicle. Since CT and MRI findings couldn't rule out a testicular tumor, right high orchiectomy was performed. The specimen revealed a hemorrhagic area, histologically proved to be segmental hemorrhagic infarction of the testicle. Segmental infarction of a testicle is rare and our case is the 31st case in the world literature (the 7th case in Japan).
Oil-Extended Rubbers (1961)

Abstract One hesitates to close this review by adding a paragraph of conclusions. The term “oil-extension principle” introduced a new concept to the manufacturer of synthetic rubbers. The principle (if it may be identified by such a word) and the application of the products it generated do not involve any novel or unfamiliar approaches to the art of rubber compounding. Indeed, it would be rendering a disservice to the progress of their adoption by industry to suggest that it required a revision in the viewpoint of the rubber compounder. The use of softeners in compounding was almost coincidental with the discovery of rubberlike substances by the explorers of the 16th century. The development of carbon blacks having more useful characteristics in rubber came after the compounder had become familiar with the application of innumerable inorganic fillers in rubber and, indeed, soots and lampblacks. The tailor-made synthetic rubbers were developed by the chemical industry in the second-quarter of the 20th century and it is scarcely likely that higher molecular weight types would not be produced nor that any inherent processing problems would not be solved when there existed an economic and raw material incentive to do so. These are the contributions of the polymerization chemists and the synthetic rubber industry. Where it is more economically-attractive and technically-desirable to add softener and filler to the synthetic rubber in the manufacturing process, oil-extended rubbers and filler masterbatches will be provided as raw materials for the rubber industry. If on the other hand, these ingredients may be added quite readily during factory mixing operations, without any detrimental effects on the polymer quality, the synthetic rubber producer would be quite unwise to attempt to usurp the functions of the rubber manufacturer. The income of the rubber manufacturer, depends upon the skill and economy that he applies to the operation of mixing rubber with liquid and solid materials and this is the prime occupation of a rubber compounder. It would avail the synthetic rubber producer nothing to try and convince the compounder that he is doing something novel and unusual by preparing softener-filler masterbatches. However, the compounder will be receptive to a pre-blended product that enables him to produce rubber mixes of better or different quality at an equal, or lower, cost. This is the aim and accomplishment of oil-extended rubbers.