gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scrapie prion proteins accumulate in the cytoplasm of persistently infected cultured cells. (1990)

The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a sialoglycoprotein anchored to the external surface of cells by a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol moiety. During scrapie, an abnormal PrP isoform designated PrPSc accumulates, and much evidence argues that it is a major and necessary component of the infectious prion. Based on the resistance of native PrPSc to proteolysis and to digestion with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C as well as the enhancement of PrPSc immunoreactivity after denaturation, we devised in situ immunoassays for the detection of PrPSc in cultured cells. Using these immunoassays, we identified the sites of PrPSc accumulation in scrapie-infected cultured cells. We also used these immunoassays to isolate PrPSc-producing clones from a new hamster brain cell line (HaB) and found an excellent correlation between their PrPSc content and prion infectivity titers. In scrapie-infected HaB cells as well as in scrapie-infected mouse neuroblastoma cells, most PrPSc was found to be intracellular and most localized with ligands of the Golgi marker wheat germ agglutinin. In one scrapie-infected HaB clone, PrPSc also localized extensively with MG-160, a protein resident of the medial-Golgi stack whereas this colocalization was not observed in another subclone of these cells. Whether the sites of intracellular accumulation of PrPSc are limited to a few subcellular organelles or they are highly variable remains to be determined. If the intracellular accumulation of PrPSc is found in the cells of the central nervous system, then it might be responsible for the neuronal dysfunction and degeneration which are cardinal features of prion diseases.
Transferrin in normal and neoplastic endocervical tissues: distribution and receptor expression. (1998)

We have demonstrated the expression of Tf and its receptor by both normal and malignant endocervical glands. The increased number of malignant endocervical glands expressing TfR may indicate a special requirement for Tf and the iron that it carries. Our data provide evidence for the existence of a Tf, TfR autocrine or paracrine circuit involved in the regulation of normal and abnormal endocervical physiology.
Multifold and sequential cross-coupling reactions with indium organometallics (2002)

Multifold and sequential palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions can be performed between triorganoindium compounds and oligohaloarenes using only a small excess of the organometallic reagent, low catalyst charge loading and short reaction times.
Hydrocortisone plus Fludrocortisone for Adults with Septic Shock (2018)

In this trial involving patients with septic shock, 90-day all-cause mortality was lower among those who received hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone than among those who received placebo. (Funded by Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique 2007 of the French Ministry of Social Affairs and Health; APROCCHSS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00625209 .).
Europeana RDF Store Report (2011)

Expressing data in RDF is one of the principles to be considered when making data available as Linked Data on the Web. This can be achieved using RDF-wrappers for existing (relational) data stores or by using RDF stores as data repositories. The latter requires special RDF storage solutions, many of which are available today. Organizations often have difficulties to decide which solution they should adopt because comprehensive comparisons of existing RDF stores are hardly available and experiences w.r.t performance and scalability are still missing. In this report, we summarize the results of qualitative and quantitative study we carried out on existing RDF stores in the context of the European Digital Library project. We give a detailed overview on existing RDF store solutions, analyze their functional and non-functional features, summarize the outcomes of other, previously carried out studies, and conduct a Linked-Data oriented performance evaluation on a subset of existing triple stores w.r.t to load and query time. The results of this study show that certain RDF stores, such as OpenLink Virtuoso or 4Store, can deal with the Europeana data volume and answer those SPARQL queries that are relevant for exposing Europeana metadata as Linked Data in an acceptable time-range.
Decision support methodologies on the energy efficiency and energy management in buildings (2009)

Abstract The aim of the present chapter is to analyse the decision support processes towards energy efficiency and improvement of the environmental quality in buildings. The main criteria in the decision analysis of buildings are categorized. The decision alternatives which may formulate specific actions, or group of actions (strategies) for buildings’ sustainability are analysed. The decision methodologies presented are separated to online (based on real-time operation of buildings) and offline decision approaches. Both approaches are supported by simulation, multi-objective programming optimization techniques, multi-criteria decision analysis techniques and their combinations in order to reach optimum solution, rank alternatives or provide trade-offs between the criteria. The advantages and drawbacks of the various methods are discussed and analysed.
The Preparation of N-Alkyl Derivatives of p-Aminobenzoic Acid<sup>1</sup> (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of N-Alkyl Derivatives of p-Aminobenzoic Acid1A. R. Surrey and H. F. HammerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 12, 2127–2129Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01240a508https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01240a508research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metall‐katalysierte Carbonylierungen von Benzyl‐ und Arylbromiden in Gegenwart von Aluminiumalkoxiden, eine einfache Estersynthese (1984)

Ethyl‐, Isopropyl‐ und sec ‐Butylester aus Benzyl‐ oder Arylbromiden, Aluminiumalkoxiden und CO sind in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren erhältlich. Metall‐katalysierte Reaktionen der leicht handhabbaren und preiswerten Aluminiumalkoxide waren bisher nicht bekannt. (Kat. bei Benzylbromiden: [(1,5‐Hexadien)RhCl] 2 ; Kat. bei Arylbromiden: Rh‐Katalysator + [Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 ]). magnified image
Radiological landmarks for placement of the tunnels in single-bundle reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (2008)

There is little evidence examining the relationship between anatomical landmarks, radiological placement of the tunnels and long-term clinical outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the reproducibility of intra-operative landmarks for placement of the tunnels in single-bundle reconstruction of the ACL using four-strand hamstring tendon autografts. Isolated reconstruction of the ACL was performed in 200 patients, who were followed prospectively for seven years with use of the International Knee Documentation Committee forms and radiographs. Taking 0% as the anterior and 100% as the posterior extent, the femoral tunnel was a mean of 86% (sd 5) along Blumensaat's line and the tibial tunnel was 48% (sd 5) along the tibial plateau. Taking 0% as the medial and 100% as the lateral extent, the tibial tunnel was 46% (sd 3) across the tibial plateau and the mean inclination of the graft in the coronal plane was 19 degrees (sd 5.5). The use of intra-operative landmarks resulted in reproducible placement of the tunnels and an excellent clinical outcome seven years after operation. Vertical inclination was associated with increased rotational instability and degenerative radiological changes, while rupture of the graft was associated with posterior placement of the tibial tunnel. If the osseous tunnels are correctly placed, single-bundle reconstruction of the ACL adequately controls both anteroposterior and rotational instability.
A prosody-based approach to end-of-utterance detection that does not require speech recognition (2003)

In previous work we showed that state-of-the-art end-of-utterance detection (as used, for example, in dialog systems) can be improved significantly by making use of prosodic and/or language models that predict utterance endpoints, based on word and alignment output from a speech recognizer. However, using a recognizer in endpointing might not be practical in certain applications. We demonstrate that the improvements due to the prosodic knowledge can be realized largely without alignment information, i.e., without requiring a speech recognizer. A prosodic end-of-utterance detector using only speech/nonspeech detection output is still considerably more accurate and has lower latency than a baseline system based on pause-length thresholding.
Effects of Orally Administered Tetracycline on the Intestinal Community Structure of Chickens and on <i>tet</i> Determinant Carriage by Commensal Bacteria and <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (2005)

There is a growing concern that antibiotic usage in animal production has selected for resistant food-borne bacteria. Since tetracyclines are common therapeutic antibiotics used in poultry production, we sought to evaluate the effects of oral administration on the resistance of poultry commensal bacteria and the intestinal bacterial community structure. The diversity indices calculated from terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA amplicons did not indicate significant changes in the cecal bacterial community in response to oxytetracycline. To evaluate its effects on cultivable commensals, Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter spp. were isolated from the cecal droppings of broiler chickens. Enterococcus spp. and E. coli expressed tetracycline MICs of >8 microg/ml and harbored a variety of tet resistance determinants regardless of the tetracycline exposure history of the birds. The enterococcal isolates possessed tetM (61%), tetL (25.4%), and tetK (1.3%), as well as tetO (52.5%), the determinant known to confer a tetracycline resistance phenotype in Campylobacter jejuni. E. coli isolates harbored tetA (32.2%) or tetB (30.5%). Tetracycline MICs remained at <2 microg/ml for Campylobacter isolates before and after tetracycline treatment of the chickens, even though isolates expressing MICs of >16 mug/ml were commonly cultured from flocks that did not receive oxytetracycline. The results imply that complex ecological and genetic factors contribute to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance arising from resistance gene transfer in the production environment.
Development of New Carbon Nanotube Production Technique "Carbon Transmission Method" (2008)

Various types of wires and cables have been used for electric power transmission and telecommunication applications. Figure 1 shows the history of the development of conductive materials for power transmission lines and telecommunication lines. In the beginning, copper (Cu) electric wires were used for supplying electricity to electric lights and industrial machineries and for telecommunication purposes, because Cu has excellent properties such as low resistivity, ease of forming into wire and relative cheapness due to its abundance. With the increase of electric power consumption and telecommunication traffic, other conductive materials have been developed. In the information and communication area, the amount of information being transmitted exploded after optical glass fiber has been developed. As the result of the expansion of world-wide information communication networks, wide-scale social change has occurred. In contrast to optical glass fiber, Cu has been used mainly for electric power transmission to this day. In recent years, however, the copper price is going up drastically along with the development of the global economy and the increase in worldwide energy consumption. Moreover, growing awareness of global warming has impelled the society to place more importance on sustainability and eco-friendliness than on convenience and comfort. As an answer to the world-wide demand for innovative energy-saving and eco-friendly technologies, carbon nanotube (CNT) is being proposed.
Down‐regulation of c‐fos by shRNA sensitizes adriamycin‐resistant MCF‐7/ADR cells to chemotherapeutic agents via P‐glycoprotein inhibition and apoptosis augmentation (2013)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hurdle in the treatment of cancer. Research indicated that the main mechanisms of most cancers included so-called "pump" (P-glycoprotein, P-gp) and "non-pump" (apoptosis) resistance. Identification of novel signaling molecules associated with both P-gp and apoptosis will facilitate the development of more effective strategies to overcome MDR in tumor cells. Since the proto-oncogene c-fos has been implicated in cell adaptation to environmental changes, we analyzed its role in mediating "pump" and "non-pump" resistance in MCF-7/ADR, an adriamycin (ADR)-selected human breast cancer cell line with the MDR phenotype. Elevated expression of c-fos in MCF-7/ADR cells and induction of c-fos by ADR in the parental drug-sensitive MCF-7 cells suggested a link between c-fos and MDR phenotype. Down-regulation of c-fos expression via shRNA resulted in sensitization of MCF-7/ADR cells to chemotherapeutic agents, including both P-gp and non-P-gp substrates. Further results proved that c-fos down-regulation in MCF-7/ADR cells resulted in decreased P-gp expression and activity, enhanced apoptosis, and altered expression of apoptosis-associated proteins (i.e., Bax, Bcl-2, p53, and PUMA). All above facts indicate that c-fos is involved in both P-gp- and anti-apoptosis-mediated MDR of MCF-7/ADR cells. Based on these results, we propose that c-fos may represent a potential molecular target for resistant cancer therapy, and suppressing c-fos gene expression may therefore be an effective means to temper breast cancer cell's MDR to cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Modulation of Anticancer Drug-Induced P-Glycoprotein Expression by Naringin (2009)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a phenomenon that is often associated with decreased intracellular drug accumulation in the tumour cells of a patient, resulting from enhanced drug efflux. It is often related to the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the surface of tumour cells, thereby reducing drug cytotoxicity. In the present study, naringin (the predominant flavonone found in grapefruit and other related citrus species) was tested for its potential ability to modulate the expression of P-gp in a short-term animal bioassay, in comparison with verapamil (a calcium channel blocker and positive MDR reversal agent). Western blot analysis showed that pre-treatment by i.p. administration of 5 mg naringin/kg body weight for 3 consecutive days prior to doxorubicin (the most common used anticancer drug which induces MDR) administration was able to significantly lower the P-gp expression reaching nearly the level of animals treated with verapamil. Moreover, pre-treatment with naringin prior to doxorubicin increased the sensitivity to the drug. Naringin inhibited the doxorubicin-stimulated ATPase activity demonstrating that naringin may interact directly with the transporter. In addition, the results demonstrated that induction of both glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) by doxorubicin is consistent with an increased ATP-dependent doxorubicin transport. Thus, naringin seems to modulate the in vivo expression of P-gp. In summary, the present study describes the dual modulation of P-gp expression and function by the flavonoid naringin, which may be an attractive new agent for the chemosensitization of cancer cells.
Piezocomposite of fine PZT rods realized with synchrotron radiation lithography (2002)

A ceramics micro fabrication technique has been developed for the 1-3 piezocomposite which is suitable for high frequency, wideband ultrasound transducers. This process employs synchrotron radiation (SR) lithography and a micro molding process, generally called the "LIGA process". This process realized an array of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) rods whose cross section is 25 micron. The composite made up of circular sectional PZT rods was clarified not to have an internal lateral frequency mode and it is available over a wide frequency range. The piezocomposite was clarified as having predicted merits, and was thought to contribute to the improvement of the resolution.
A Compact, High Power Capable, and Tunable High Directivity Microstrip Coupler (2016)

A coupler is an indispensable component to sample the forward and reflected power for the real-time radio frequency (RF) power monitoring system. The directivity of a coupler is a critical factor to achieve accurate RF power measurements. This paper proposes a microstrip coupler with a tunable high directivity circuit to accurately measure the reflected RF power. The directivity tuner composed of passive components adjusts phase and amplitude of the coupled RF signal, and cancel out the leakage signal from the RF input port at the coupled reflection port. The experimental results, which agree with simulation results, show that the microstrip coupler with the directivity tuner circuit has a compact size (~ 0.07 λ<sub>g</sub> x 0.05 λ<sub>g</sub>), high power capability (up to 1 kW), and high directivities (more than 40 dB) at operating frequency bands (<i>f</i> = 297.3 MHz, 400 MHz, and 447 MHz, respectively) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications.
A Nodule-Specific Dicarboxylate Transporter from Alder Is a Member of the Peptide Transporter Family (2004)

Alder (Alnus glutinosa) and more than 200 angiosperms that encompass 24 genera are collectively called actinorhizal plants. These plants form a symbiotic relationship with the nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia strain HFPArI3. The plants provide the bacteria with carbon sources in exchange for fixed nitrogen, but this metabolite exchange in actinorhizal nodules has not been well defined. We isolated an alder cDNA from a nodule cDNA library by differential screening with nodule versus root cDNA and found that it encoded a transporter of the PTR (peptide transporter) family, AgDCAT1. AgDCAT1 mRNA was detected only in the nodules and not in other plant organs. Immunolocalization analysis showed that AgDCAT1 protein is localized at the symbiotic interface. The AgDCAT1 substrate was determined by its heterologous expression in two systems. Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with AgDCAT1 cRNA showed an outward current when perfused with malate or succinate, and AgDCAT1 was able to complement a dicarboxylate uptake-deficient Escherichia coli mutant. Using the E. coli system, AgDCAT1 was shown to be a dicarboxylate transporter with a K(m) of 70 microm for malate. It also transported succinate, fumarate, and oxaloacetate. To our knowledge, AgDCAT1 is the first dicarboxylate transporter to be isolated from the nodules of symbiotic plants, and we suggest that it may supply the intracellular bacteria with dicarboxylates as carbon sources.
Block-based mask optimization for optical lithography (2013)

Pixel-based optical proximity correction (PBOPC) methods have been developed as a leading-edge resolution enhancement technique (RET) for integrated circuit fabrication. PBOPC independently modulates each pixel on the reticle, which tremendously increases the mask's complexity and, at the same time, deteriorates its manufacturability. Most current PBOPC algorithms recur to regularization methods or a mask manufacturing rule check (MRC) to improve the mask manufacturability. Typically, these approaches either fail to satisfy manufacturing constraints on the practical product line, or lead to suboptimal mask patterns that may degrade the lithographic performance. This paper develops a block-based optical proximity correction (BBOPC) algorithm to pursue the optimal masks with manufacturability compliance, where the mask is shaped by a set of overlapped basis blocks rather than pixels. BBOPC optimization is formulated based on a vector imaging model, which is adequate for both dry lithography with lower numerical aperture (NA), and immersion lithography with hyper-NA. The BBOPC algorithm successively optimizes the main features (MF) and subresolution assist features (SRAF) based on a modified conjugate gradient method. It is effective at smoothing any unmanufacturable jogs along edges. A weight matrix is introduced in the cost function to preserve the edge fidelity of the printed images. Simulations show that the BBOPC algorithm can improve lithographic imaging performance while maintaining mask manufacturing constraints.
L'économie des passerelles technologiques et l'évolution des réseaux (1991)

Paul A. DAVID & Julie A. BUNN , ~L'Économie des technologies-passerelles et l'évolution des réseaux.~ Cet article est consacré au rôle des passerelles technologiques dans les processus de développement des réseaux techniques. Les auteurs appuient leur thèse sur une étude de cas: l'influence du convertisseur rotatif dans le développement du courant alternatif (et sa victoire sur le courant continu) aux Etats-Unis à la charnière du siècle (1890-1910). La première partie de cet article est publiée ici. D'abord, en partant d'exemples dans des domaines techniques divers, les auteurs reviennent sur la définition de concepts largement employés dans la littérature (innovation, norme, compatibilité) et introduisent la notion de passerelle technologique ("gateway technology") entre sous-systèmes incompatibles. Puis ils retracent l'histoire de la 'Bataille des Courants' qui a défrayé la chronique aux Etats-Unis à la fin des années 1880, en discutant les analyses qu'elle a déjà suscitées dans la littérature. Dans la seconde partie de l'article, qui sera publiée dans FLUX n? 6, les auteurs proposent leur interprétation de ces événements, en mettant l'accent sur le convertisseur rotatif, considéré comme passerelle technologique.
<title>Subpixel measurement of image features based on paraboloid surface fit</title> (1991)

A digital image processing inspection system is under development at Oak Ridge National Laboratory that will locate image features on printed material and measure distances between them to accuracies of 0.001 in. An algorithm has been developed for this system that can locate unique image features to subpixel accuracies. It is based on a least-squares fit of a paraboloid function to the surface generated by correlating a reference image feature against a test image search area. normalizing the correlation surface makes the algorithm robust in the presence of illumination variations and local flaws. Subpixel accuracies better than 1/16 of a pixel have been achieved using a variety of different reference image features. 5 refs., 6 figs.