gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new linear ion trap mass spectrometer (2002)

Characteristics of mass selective axial ion ejection from a linear quadrupole ion trap in the presence of an auxiliary quadrupole field are described. Ion ejection is shown to occur through coupling of radial and axial motion in the exit fringing fields of the linear ion trap. The coupling is efficient and can result in extraction of as much as 20% of the trapped ions. This, together with the very high trapping efficiencies, can yield high sensitivity mass spectral responses. The experimental apparatus is based on the ion path of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer allowing either the q2 collision cell or the final mass analysis quadrupole to be used as the linear trap. Space charge induced distortions of the mass resolved features while using the pressurized q2 linear ion trap occur at approximately the same ion density as reported for conventional three-dimensional ion traps. These distortions are, however, much reduced for the lower pressure linear trap possibly owing to the proposed axial ejection mechanism that leads to ion ejection only for ions of considerable radial amplitude. RF heating due to the high ejection q-value and the low collision frequency may also contribute. Two hybrid RF/DC quadrupole-linear ion trap instruments are described that provide high sensitivity product ion scanning while operated in the linear ion trap mode while also retaining all conventional triple quadrupole scan modes such as precursor ion and neutral loss scan modes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myb protein binds to human immunodeficiency virus 1 long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences and transactivates LTR-mediated transcription. (1990)

The protooncogene c-myb encodes a nuclear transcription factor that binds to DNA in a sequence-specific manner and transactivates transcription of several viral and cellular genes. The expression of c-myb is induced in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes and is constitutively expressed in several CD4+ T-cell and myeloid cell lines, all of which constitute excellent targets for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and replication. We looked for the presence of Myb-binding motifs in human retroviral long terminal repeats (LTRs) and tested for Myb binding to HIV-1 LTR sequences by using a highly purified recombinant Myb protein. Our results show that HIV-1 LTR contains one high-affinity Myb-binding site along with two or more low-affinity binding sites. DNase I protection analysis as well as oligonucleotide competition experiments indicate that this binding is sequence specific. Introduction of purified Myb protein directly into HeLa cells harboring HIV-1 LTR chloramphenicol acetyltransferase vectors indicates that Myb protein transactivates HIV-1 LTR-mediated transcription. Thus, Myb protein binding to HIV LTR sequences may constitute one of the signals that regulates HIV-1 transcription.
Object-based transcoding for scalable quality of service (2002)

In this paper, we focus on the methods for delivering object-based video data. More specifically, me exploit the fact that a finer level of scalability can be achieved when the video frame has been decomposed into objects and coded using MPEG-4. A new framework is proposed.
Temporal emission characteristics of white light-emitting diodes for high-speed pulsed current (2003)

Temporal emission characteristics of two kinds of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), NSPW300BS (Nichia Co.) and E1S09-OW1AP-02 (Toyoda Gousei Co.), for high-speed repetitive pulsed current have been studied. The structure of the two LEDs are slightly different: The former utilizes fluorescence from YAG materials excited by a blue LED together with the blue LED light itself, white the latter utilizes that from some kinds of composite materials excited by an ultraviolet LED. Each LED was driven by a laboratory-made, nanosecond, high-current, pulse generator using an avalanche transistor. As was expected, the fluorescence decay times for the two LEDs were fairly different. The fluorescence decay time of the Nichia's LED was about 75.0 ns, while that of the Toyoda's LED was ranging from a several hundred nanoseconds to a few milliseconds depending on the emission wavelength. Introducing a time-resolved light-detection technique, the pulse-driven white LED appears useful for some kinds of sensor applications as a wavelength-variable light source.
<i>Bordatella pertussis</i>Respiratory Infection in Children Is Associated with Preferential Activation of Type 1 T Helper Cells (1997)

The mechanism of protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis generated following recovery from whooping cough in childhood has not yet been elucidated. Studies with a murine respiratory infection model have indicated that cellular immunity, mediated by Th1 cells, plays a role in the clearance of a primary infection with B. pertussis and in protection against subsequent challenge. In the present study, the induction of B. pertussis-specific Th cell subsets in children was examined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from B. pertussis-infected or convalescent children proliferated and secreted cytokines following antigen stimulation in vitro. In contrast, responses were weak or undetectable in the majority of children who had not been infected or vaccinated. In all cases, responding T cells produced interferon-gamma but low or undetectable interleukin-5. The findings suggest that Th1 cells may play a role in protective immunity generated following infection with B. pertussis in children.
Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Postnatal Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Hindlimb Ischemia (2006)

This study showed that hADSC can be an ideal source for therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic disease.
Pivotality of Nodes in Reachability Problems Using Avoidance and Transit Hitting Time Metrics (2015)

Reachability is crucial to many network operations in various complex networks. More often than not, however, it is not sufficient simply to know whether a source node s can reach a target node t in the network. Additional information associated with reachability such as how long or how many possible ways node s may take to reach node t. In this paper we analyze another piece of important information associated with reachability -- which we call pivotality. Pivotality captures how pivotal a role that a node k or a subset of nodes S may play in the reachability from node s to node t in a given network. We propose two important metrics, the avoidance and transit hitting times, which extend and generalize the classical notion of hitting times. We show these metrics can be computed from the fundamental matrices associated with the appropriately defined random walk transition probability matrices and prove that the classical hitting time from a source to a target can be decomposed into the avoidance and transit hitting times with respect to any third node. Through simulated and real-world network examples, we demonstrate that these metrics provide a powerful ranking tool for the nodes based on their pivotality in the reachability.
Phase Distribution and Residual Stresses in Melt‐Grown Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ‐ZrO <sub>2</sub> (Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ) Eutectics (2002)

Al 2 O 3 ‐ZrO 2 eutectics containing 0 to 12.2 mol% Y 2 O 3 (with respect to zirconia) were produced by directional solidification using the laser floating zone (LFZ) method. Processing variables were chosen to obtain homogeneous, colony‐free, interpenetrating microstructure for all of the compositional range, optimum from the viewpoint of mechanical properties. The amount of cubic, tetragonal, or monoclinic zirconia phases was determined using a combination of Raman and X‐ray diffraction techniques. Monoclinic zirconia was present up to concentrations of 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 , while the amount of tetragonal zirconia gradually increased with yttria content up to 3 mol%. Cubic zirconia was the only phase detected when the yttria content reached 12 mol%. The residual stresses in alumina were measured using the shift of the ruby R lines. Compressive stresses were isotropic when measured in the samples containing tetragonal and cubic zirconia, while higher tensile, anisotropic stresses were found when monoclinic zirconia was present. They were partially relieved in the eutectic sample without yttria. These results were compared with a thermoelastic analysis based on the self‐consistent model.
Analysis of the Essential Oil of<i>Helichrysum italicum</i>G.Don ssp.<i>microphyllum</i>(Willd) Nym. (1999)

Abstract The chemical composition of Sardinian dwarf curry plant (Helichrysum italicum G.Don ssp. microphyllum (Willd.) Nym.) essential oils was studied. Oil samples were isolated by water and steam distillation of flowering tops collected at different locations. The constituents of the oils were analyzed by GC/MS. Since both the chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of the oils obtained during these trials were significantly different, they were divided into two groups. One oil was rich in nerol (10.7%), neryl acetate (28.9%), neryl propionate (11.4%) and γ-curcumene (11.4%), while the other was rich in linalool (14.9%) and γ-curcumene (18.2%). Key Words Index: Helichrysum italicum ssp microphyllum Asteraceaeessential oil compositionγ-curcumenenerolneryl acetateneryl propionate
Protecting Data against Consecutive Disk Failures in RAID-5 (2009)

In this letter we present a reorganization method to protect against data loss when one or two disks fail in a RAID level 5. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it is robust against a second failure if a first failed disk has not been replaced yet. Our proposal is motivated by the fact that new disks have a high possibility to fail during their first year of operation and during this period there is enough free space to rebuild the lost data in the failed disk and store it by a reorganization in the remaining disks.
A New Method for Evaluating the Structural Similarity of Proteins Using Geometric Morphometrics (2000)

where dij is the distance between amino acid residues, and dij is the mean distance for those residues (a standardized Z-score of S is typically used [2, 3]). A matrix of Z-scores is then built up in pairwise fashion and used to generate a protein structure space. While this protocol is useful, we feel it can be improved upon. Three aspects of their protocol are particularly problematic: 1) different pairwise contrasts use different sets of amino acids, so the resulting Z-scores are not comparable; 2) a structural similarity threshold of 20% is arbitrarily imposed and unfortunately results in mathematical inconsistencies of their space; 3) a weight function in their equation, the exponential term, confounds shape similarity with size similarity. Tools currently used for the analysis of anatomical shape do not have these difficulties. These geometric morphometric methods [1, 4], utilize the three-dimensional coordinates of homologous landmarks (residues) as the starting point of shape comparisons. Nonshape variation is removed through a least-squares superimposition, and a mathematically consistent multi-dimensional space results in which proteins with similar shape cluster together. Here we explore these methods for protein structure comparisons using globins as an example data set.
Domain inversion in LiNbO3 using direct electron-beam writing (1992)

A 3-μm periodic domain-inverted pattern on the C− face of LiNbO3 has been written using direct electron-beam writing for first-order gratings used in second harmonic generation. The domain formation mechanism has been investigated, especially the shape of the domain and need for a conductor on the C+ face during the electron-beam writing process.
Pharmacological insights into the role of P2X4 receptors in behavioural regulation: lessons from ivermectin (2012)

Purinergic ionotropic P2X receptors are a family of cation-permeable channels that bind extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate. In particular, convergent lines of evidence have recently highlighted P2X(4) receptors as a potentially critical target in the regulation of multiple nervous and behavioural functions, including pain, neuroendocrine regulation and hippocampal plasticity. Nevertheless, the role of the P2X(4) receptor in behavioural organization remains poorly investigated. To study the effects of P2X(4) activation, we tested the acute effects of its potent positive allosteric modulator ivermectin (IVM, 2.5-10 mg/kg i.p.) on a broad set of paradigms capturing complementary aspects of perceptual, emotional and cognitive regulation in mice. In a novel open field, IVM did not induce significant changes in locomotor activity, but increased the time spent in the peripheral zone. In contrast, IVM produced anxiolytic-like effects in the elevated plus maze and marble burying tasks, as well as depression-like behaviours in the tail-suspension and forced swim tests. The agent induced no significant behavioural changes in the conditioned place preference test and in the novel object recognition task. Finally, the drug induced a dose-dependent decrease in sensorimotor gating, as assessed by pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex. In P2X(4) knockout mice, the effects of IVM in the open field and elevated plus maze were similar to those observed in wild type mice; conversely, the drug significantly increased startle amplitude and failed to reduce PPI. Taken together, these results suggest that P2X(4) receptors may play a role in the regulation of sensorimotor gating.
Equipping smart devices with public key signatures (2007)

One of the major recent trends in computing has been towards so-called smart devices, such as PDAs, cell phones and sensors. Such devices tend to have a feature in common: limited computational capabilities and equally limited power, as most operate on batteries. This makes them ill-suited for public key signatures. This article explores practical and conceptual implications of using Server-Aided Signatures (SAS) for these devices. SAS is a signature method that relies on partially-trusted servers for generating (normally expensive) public key signatures for regular users. Although the primary goal is to aid small, resource-limited devices in signature generation, SAS also offers fast certificate revocation, signature causality and reliable timestamping. It also has some interesting features such as built-in attack detection for users and DoS resistance for servers. Our experimental results also validate the feasibility of deploying SAS on smart devices.
Evaluation of a Rapid Immunochromatographic Test for Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection (1998)

A rapid (<7-min) immunochromatographic test for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to dengue viruses was evaluated by using hospital admission and discharge sera from 124 patients. The reference laboratory diagnosis was based on the results of virus isolation, hemagglutination-inhibition assay (HAI), and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). By the standard assays, patients experienced primary dengue virus infection (n = 30), secondary dengue virus infection (n = 48), Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus infection (n = 20), or no flavivirus infection (n = 26). The rapid test demonstrated 100% sensitivity in the diagnosis of dengue virus infection and was able to distinguish between primary and secondary dengue virus infections through the separate determinations of IgM and IgG. For all patients with primary dengue virus infection a positive test for IgM to dengue virus and a negative test for IgG to dengue virus were obtained, whereas for 46 of 48 patients (96%) with secondary dengue virus infection, a positive test for IgG to dengue virus with or without a positive test for IgM to dengue virus was obtained. The remaining two patients with secondary dengue virus infection had positive IgM test results and negative IgG test results. Furthermore, the rapid test was positive for patients confirmed to be infected with different dengue virus serotypes (12 infected with dengue virus serotype 1, 4 infected with dengue virus serotype 2, 3 infected with dengue virus serotype 3, and 2 infected with dengue virus serotype 4). The specificity of the test for nonflavivirus infections was 88% (3 of 26 positive), while for JE virus infections the specificity of the test was only 50% (10 of 20). However, most patients with secondary dengue virus infection were positive for both IgM and IgG antibodies to dengue virus, while no patients with JE virus infection had this profile, so cross-reactivity was only a concern for a small proportion of patients with secondary dengue infections. The rapid test demonstrated a good correlation with the reference EIA and HAI and should be useful for the rapid diagnosis of dengue virus infections.
Operation and characterization of N-channel EPROM cells (1976)

This paper describes the operation and characterization of an N-channel, double-polysilicon gate MOS structure used in an electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM). The tradeoffs for various structures with regard to writing ability, reading ability, fabrication complexity and ease of erasure are discussed. Measurements of the device are compared to the associated theory, and the sensitivity of the structure to various device parameters is described.
Structural Health Monitoring (2011)

The monitoring and subsequent management of structural health plays an essential role in system health management applications for space transportation vehicles. Due to the characteristics of space structures, the requirements for structural health monitoring can be quite different from those of aircraft structures. This chapter examines the potential impact of structural health monitoring on the space structures and their requirements for such applications. The focus is on diagnosing damage autonomously in a space environment and the technology needs for developing such a system at the vehicle design stage.
Korean Percussion Ensemble (<i>Samulnori</i>) in the General Music Classroom (2016)

This article introduces samulnori (Korean percussion ensemble), its cultural background, and instructional methods as parts of a classroom approach to teaching upper-level general music. We introduce five of eight sections from youngnam nong-ak (a style of samulnori) as a repertoire for teaching Korean percussion music to beginners in general music classrooms. When playing samulnori, students will learn the origin of this music, the symbolism of each instrumental timbre, yin yang philosophy, and oral and aural music practices. In addition, students will have opportunities to participate in a type of song writing that originates from Korean farmers’ chanting. To help music teachers learn to use samulnori in the classroom, video clips are provided. Music teachers can encourage students to engage in Korean percussion ensemble using classroom or handmade instruments if traditional Korean ones are unavailable.
Transcription factors RUNX1/AML1 and RUNX2/Cbfa1 dynamically associate with stationary subnuclear domains (2002)

The runt-related transcription factors (RUNX/Cbfa/AML) are essential for cellular differentiation and fetal development. C-terminal truncations of RUNX factors that eliminate the targeting of these factors to subnuclear foci result in lethal hematopoietic and skeletal phenotypes. Here we demonstrate that in living cells the RUNX C-terminus is necessary for the dynamic association of RUNX into stable subnuclear domains. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy shows that RUNX1 and RUNX2 localize to punctate foci that remain stationary in the nuclear space. By fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assays, both proteins are shown to dynamically associate at these subnuclear foci, with a 10 second half-time of recovery. A truncation of RUNX2, removing its intranuclear targeting signal (NMTS), increases its mobility by an order of magnitude, resulting in a half-time of recovery equivalent to that of EGFP alone. We propose that the dynamic shuttling of RUNX factors in living cells to positionally stabilized foci, which is dependent on the C-terminus, is a component of the mechanism for gene regulation in vivo.
Development of alginate-based aggregate inoculants of<i>Methylobacterium</i>sp. and<i>Azospirillum brasilense</i>tested under<i>in vitro</i>conditions to promote plant growth (2013)

These findings could be extended to other PGP bacterial species to develop multigeneric bioinoculants with multiple benefits for various crops.
Disciplines, interdisciplinarity and migration in family research (1992)

Researchers in family studies are shown to engage in a range of cross-disciplinary work behaviours. Among these are use of disciplines new to them for their current research work, and journal reading patterns which indicate interdisciplinary exploration and interest. A third of respondents in this study have transferred to disciplines in which they have no prior training, a behaviour which amounts to disciplinary migration. Through such migratory behaviour, it is speculated that family researchers are seeking to ‘make sense’ of the complex social problems encountered in their field by expanding their knowledge and their repertoire of research techniques: this can be interpreted as a paradigm shift in the way science is being done. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Influences of porous reservoir Laplace pressure on emissions from passively fed ionic liquid electrospray sources (2015)

Passively fed ionic liquid electrospray sources are capable of efficiently emitting a variety of ion beams with promising applications to spacecraft propulsion and as focused ion beams. Practical devices will require integrated or coupled ionic liquid reservoirs; the effects of which have not been explored in detail. Porous reservoirs are a simple, scalable solution. However, we have shown that their pore size can dramatically alter the beam composition. Emitting the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(triflouromethylsulfonyl)amide, the same device was shown to yield either an ion or droplet dominated beam when using reservoirs of small or large pore size, respectively; with the latter having a mass flow in excess of 15 times larger than the former at negative polarity. Another source, emitting nearly purely ionic beams of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, was similarly shown to emit a significant droplet population when coupled to reservoirs of large (&gt;100 μm) pores; constituting a reduction in propulsive efficiency from greater than 70% to less than 30%. Furthermore, we show that reservoir selection can alter the voltage required to obtain and sustain emission, increasing with smaller pore size.
Analysis of the code relating sequence to conformation in globular proteins. Theory and application of expected information (1974)

1. An information theory analysis of the folding of a globular protein is proposed. 2. The folding is seen as a transfer of information between two messages, the primary sequence and the biologically active conformation. 3. It is shown how the information transferred was estimated by inspection of proteins of known primary sequence and conformation. 4. In this estimation, concerted use of subjective (Bayesian) probabilities leads to a more robust approach which can be employed whether the number of proteins of known sequence and conformation is large or small. 5. Further, it is demonstrated that the problem then becomes a very simple algebraic formulation for information estimates. 6. Finally, it is shown how this process of information theory analysis can be reversed to predict the conformation of a protein by using its primary sequence and the above information estimates obtained from other proteins. 7. The present paper provides the theoretical basis for the derivation and application of a stereochemical alphabet (Robson & Pain, 1974a,c), and for an investigation of the effects of residues on the conformations of their neighbours (Robson & Pain, 1974b).