gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulatory action of prolactin on the in vitro growth of CD34+ve human hemopoietic progenitor cells (1995)

The pituitary hormone prolactin (Prl) is known to act as a local regulator of immune cell function, and Prl-binding receptors (Prl-R) have been described to share distinctive features with the members of the newly described cytokine/hemopoietin receptor superfamily. Here we show that the hormone can functionally interact with lineage-specific hemopoietic factors. When highly purified progenitor cells (CD34+ve) were seeded in semisolid methylcellulose cultures in the presence of interleukin (IL)-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and erythropoietin (Epo), a selective enhancing effect of Prl on the formation of colony forming unit-granulocyte (CFU-G) and burst forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) colonies was observed. The effect of the hormone was plotted as a bell shaped curve, with the optimal response at the supraphysiological concentration of 50 ng/ml. Limiting dilution analysis showed that Prl acted directly on hemopoietic progenitors. This was confirmed by the observation on the CD34+ve cells of Prl-binding sites reacting with the specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), U5 and PrR-7A. Immunoprecipitation of the metabolically labeled CD34+ve cells with the PrR-7A mAb revealed a structure of 43 kD under reducing conditions. Analysis of the early events associated with the Prl/Prl-R interaction showed an increased number of cells engaged in DNA and hemoglobin synthesis. Enhanced erythroid differentiation of CD34+ve cells in the presence of Prl was secondary to upmodulation of receptors for the lineage-specific factor Epo. Together these data demonstrate the existence of a functional interplay between Prl and hemopoietic factors.
Behavior-aware Trustworthiness Study of Networked Software (2010)

The essence characteristics of software trustworthiness are software execution effect and behavior can be anticipated, which is an important index of software quality. Under the open and dynamic environments, some uncertainty factors cause the behavior of software to be uncontrolled, uncertainty and unpredictable. Behavioraware networked software trustworthiness research methods are proposed in the paper. Firstly, we propose the analysis methods of the consistency between the inferred specification models with component specification model. Then, for analyzing the component interaction behavior, the behavior relativity analyzing method is presented based on Petri net. Finally, aimed to the outer factors, we analyze the behavioral congruence between theoretical composite models with dynamic behavior model based on running logs. Theoretical analysis and the example analysis indicated that this method is benefit to analyze the trustworthiness of networked software.
Adsorption of proteins onto poly(ether urethane) with a phosphorylcholine moiety and influence of preadsorbed phospholipid (1998)

In a previous report we demonstrated that the blood compatibility of poly(ether urethane) (PEU) was improved by grafting phosphorylcholine (PC) groups on the surface. The improved blood compatibility was indicated by decreased platelet adsorption/activation and reduced thrombin formation at the polymer surface in experiments in which the surfaces were contacted with platelet-rich plasma in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the effect of grafted PC groups at a PEU surface on protein and phospholipid adsorption. Adsorption of human fibrinogen (Fg), human serum albumin (Alb), human high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK), and dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) vesicles was measured by ellipsometry. For this purpose, thin PEU films were cast on silicon wafers. The polymer film was photochemically modified with a PC-containing aryl azide. The presence of PC groups on the polymer surface was demonstrated by ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis). The hydrophilicity of the polymer surface increased by the surface modification, as indicated by a decrease of the contact angle from 59 degrees before to 43 degrees after modification. Our data show that the presence of PC groups has little effect on the adsorption of proteins to a PEU surface. The highest adsorption was observed for Fg (0.49 microgram/cm2 on PC-modified PEU and 0.50 microgram/cm2 on PEU), followed by HMWK (0.28 microgram/cm2 on both PC-modified PEU and PEU), and Alb (0.16 microgram/cm2 on PC-modified PEU and 0.18 microgram/cm2 on PEU). Protein adsorption was further studied on a "biomembrane-like" DOPC bilayer formed on hydrophilic silicon. We found no protein adsorption on this DOPC bilayer. The adsorption of small unilamellar DOPC vesicles on the polymer surfaces amounted to about 0.06 microgram/cm2 (corresponding to circa 30% of monolayer coverage) and was similar for PC-modified PEU and PEU. Despite this partial surface coverage, preadsorbed DOPC on the polymer surface diminished the subsequent adsorption of proteins considerably. These results show that the mere presence of phosphorylcholine groups on a PEU surface is insufficient to suppress protein adsorption. The highly ordered structure of natural phospholipid bilayers seems to be required to suppress protein adsorption effectively.
Probabilistic Inversion of Multiple 4D Seismic as Applied on Schiehallion Field (2012)

Many fields in the North Sea have several 4D monitor seismic surveys, creating the opportunity to understand production effects over time more completely. This paper presents a case study from the Schiehallion Field where a baseline and seven monitors have been put through a simultaneous AVO inversion (24 seismic volumes in total). We describe a technique that derives quantitative estimates of reservoir pressure and fluid saturations at the time of each monitor survey, allowing optimization of the dynamic simulation model. The availability of multiple seismic vintages can give a more complete and consistent representation of production and injection. This aids the integration of geoscience and reservoir engineering disciplines to produce better field management decisions.
Structure—reactivity studies of a new polyfunctional disulphide bis(ES‐MCT/SES) reactive dye applied to silk (2002)

A new polyfunctional reactive dye containing disulphidebis(ethylsulphone‐monochlorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone) reactive system has been synthesised and applied to silk. High exhaustion/fixation results have been achieved at 90 °C and pH 9. The vinylsulphone precursor of the disulphidebis(ethylsulphone) group combined with a sulphatoethylsulphone/monochlorotriazine reactive system confers a relatively high fixation efficiency for this type of polyfunctional reactive dye when compared with that of a conventional bifunctional reactive dye containing the sulphatoethylsulphone/monochlorotriazine reactive system. The results also indicate that high fastness properties were obtained for the reactive dyes under investigation.
Objective assessment of image quality: effects of quantum noise and object variability (1990)

A number of task-specific approaches to the assessment of image quality are treated. Both estimation and classification tasks are considered, but only linear estimators or classifiers are permitted. Performance on these tasks is limited by both quantum noise and object variability, and the effects of postprocessing or image-reconstruction algorithms are explicitly included. The results are expressed as signal-to-noise ratios (SNR's). The interrelationships among these SNR's are considered, and an SNR for a classification task is expressed as the SNR for a related estimation task times four factors. These factors show the effects of signal size and contrast, conspicuity of the signal, bias in the estimation task, and noise correlation. Ways of choosing and calculating appropriate SNR's for system evaluation and optimization are also discussed.
Collision Avoidance by Speed Change (2013)

Farrell JL. (2013). Collision avoidance by speed change. International Journal of Unmanned Systems Engineering. 1(1): 1-8. With UAV usage increasing at rapid rates, a corresponding increase in attention to collision avoidance is clearly warranted. A strategy introduced more than ten years ago, being pursued in an investigation by Ohio University with NASA sponsorship, is supported by programming efforts that address dangerous scenarios. For aircraft that would collide if allowed to remain in their existing flight paths, conflict resolution can be provided by changing speed. Results are provided herein for a variety of conditions. The method requires no large budgets, nor new inventions; existing equipment (GPS/GNSS, ModeS) is sufficient with extension of known techniques (double differencing) to tracking. The approach offers enormous advantages in safety, versatility, autonomy, and all aspects of aircraft navigation performance. The theory has already been described in references cited; presentation of computational results here is followed by operational considerations. Preliminary flight testing recently reported elsewhere (Duan, Uijt de Haag, and Farrell; DASC 12, October 2012, Williamsburg, VA) raised prospects for reducing uncertainty volume (predicted position at time of closest approach) from hundreds of meters (due to m/s velocity uncertainty) to a few meters (from cm/s velocity accuracy). © Marques Aviation Ltd – Press.
2-substituted tetralin derivatives as conformationally restricted butyrophenone analogs. (1987)

Five related derivatives of 2-(2-piperidinoethyl)tetralin have been synthesized as partially rigid analogs of the neuroleptic butyrophenones. Their in vitro dopamine receptor binding properties and in vivo inhibition of dexamphetamine-induced locomotor activity are described. 1-Phenyl-2-(2-piperidinoethyl)-3,4-dihydronaphthalene hydrochloride (8) is about 1% as potent as haloperidol.
IFN/ENIT: database of handwritten arabic words (2002)

ABSTRACT. In this paper we are presenting a new database with handwritten Arabic town/village names. For each name the ground truth information, e.g. the sequence of character shapes, some style information, and the baseline are coded. 411 writers filled forms with about 26400 names containing more than 210000 characters. The database is described in detail. It is designed for training and testing recognition systems for handwritten Arabic words. The IFN/ENIT-database is available for the purpose of research. RÉSUMÉ: Dans cet article on présente une novelle base de données, qui contient des noms manuscrits de villes/villages arabes. Pour chaque nom les informations de base, par exemple l&apos;ordre des formes de caractère, les informations sur le style de l&apos;écriture, et la ligne de base sont codées. 411 auteurs ont rempli des formulaires avec plus de 26400 noms contenant plus de 210 000 caractères. La base de données est décrite en détail, et elle est conçue pour la formation et l&apos;essai des systèmes d&apos;identification pour les mots arabes manuscrits. La base de données-IFN/ENIT est disponible pour la recherche.
The Structural Transformation of Nucleolar DNA and Its Arrangement in Nucleolus of Allium cepa Cells (2001)

By using the DNA specific cytochemical staining method (NAMA_Ur) and conventional electron microscopic technique, the authors examined the configuration of intranucleolar DNA in Allium cepa L. cells and found that nucleolar DNA within the fibrillar center (FC) underwent a structural transformation process from condensed to extended state. The authors' observations also displayed a continuous arrangement process of nucleolar DNA, i.e., the extranucleolar DNA entered FC through the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) channel, then extended to the periphery of FC or to the border between FC and dense fibrillar component (DFC), and distributed along the periphery of FC. Thence, by passing through the NOR channel between FCs, the nucleolar DNA continued to transfer to other FCs and arranged in the same above_mentioned forms.
Process-based and Context-sensitive Information Supply in Medical Care. (2007)

The needs-based information supply for medical workplaces is a necessary condition in order to ensure a maximum quality of medical care. A survey conducted by the Fraunhofer ISST showed that physicians complain about information overload with simultaneous qualitative information poverty in medical practice. The consideration of the respective process and work context can make an important contribution to an improvement of the physicians´ information supply. Within this paper first approaches of a differentiated context model and challenges for the future research work are described.
Analysis on thermal properties of tin doped indium oxide films by picosecond thermoreflectance measurement (2005)

An attempt of observation of thermal diffusion across tin doped indium oxide (ITO) thin films perpendicular to the film surface has been carried out using a picosecond thermoreflectance measurement. ITO films sandwiched by molybdenum (Mo) films were prepared on fused silica substrate by rf magnetron sputtering using ITO and Mo multitargets. Such Mo/ITO/Mo layered structure was fabricated without exposure to the atmosphere between each deposition. The Mo films with a thickness of 70 nm are necessary because the wavelength of pulse laser used in this study is 780 nm at which wavelength ITO is transparent. The ITO films with a different thickness of 27, 46, and 62 nm were prepared as the intermediate layer in order to estimate thermal resistance at the interface between Mo/ITO. The resistivity, carrier density and Hall mobility of the ITO films ranged from 5.2 to 7.6×10−4Ωcm, 3.5 to 3.9×1020cm−3, and 23 to 35cm2∕Vs, respectively. The interface between the Mo films and the fused silica substrate was irradiated by picosecond laser pulse (2 ps). Heat generated by the pump laser pulse diffuses toward the top Mo surface across the three-layered films. Then the temperature changes at the Mo film surface, which was probed by reflectivity of another picosecond laser pulse. The heat diffusion time increased with the increase in the thickness of the ITO layers. The thermal diffusivity of the ITO films and thermal resistance at ITO/Mo interface were found to be 1.2×10−6m2∕s and 5.1×10−9m2K∕W, respectively.
Implementing self-aligned double patterning on non-gridded design layouts (2009)

The Sidewall Spacer Double Patterning (SSDP) technique, also referred to as Self-Aligned Double Patterning (SADP), has been adopted as the primary double patterning solution for 32nm technology nodes and below for flash memory manufacturing. Many are now looking to migrate the technique to DRAM and random Logic layers. However, DRAM and especially Logic have far more complex layout requirements than NAND-FLASH, requiring a more sophisticated use of the SSDP technique. To handle the additional complexities an automated electronic design tool was used to calculate optimal layout splits of a design target into 2 or 3 masks. The model was programmed with immersion lithography and dry-193nm lithography MRC input rules and on wafer performance was tested. We discuss the patterning needs from the trim-mask and the pad-mask and associated lithography process window requirements and alignment accuracies necessary to pursue 32nm and 22nm half-pitch designs.
Natural cytotoxic reactivity of mouse lymphoid cells against syngeneic and allogeneic tumors. I. Distribution of reactivity and specificity (1975)

Abstract Lymphoid cells from many normal mice of a variety of inbred strains were found to have reactivity, in a 51 Cr release cytotoxicity assay, against several syngeneic and allogeneic tumors. Very high reactivity was seen with effector cells from athymic nude mice, which was consistent with other evidence that the reactivity was not T‐cell dependent. Target cells susceptible to lysis included tumors induced by oncogenic type‐C viruses but also tumors induced by other means and expressing endogenous type‐C viruses. The levels of natural reactivity were influenced by age, with highest cytotoxicity produced by cells from 5‐ to 8‐week‐old mice. Lymph‐node cells, spleen cells, peritoneal exudate cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes all had cytotoxic reactivity. The specificity of the reactions was analyzed in detail by an inhibition assay. Evidence was obtained for natural reactivity against several different antigens, each apparently associated with expression of murine endogenous type‐C viruses.
A wide-viewing-angle liquid-crystal display using front-scattering film and directional backlight (2011)

A combination of front-scattering film and directional backlight has been proposed as a system for wide-viewing-angle transmissive liquid-crystal display (LCD). This system does not require precisely controlled phase difference film presently used in commercial LCDs, which is expected to make LCDs simpler and less expensive. However, this system has not, as far as we know, been put into practical use due to the blurring of images and the whitening of the scattering film that causes the degradation of contrast. In this article, we designed a scattering film that causes little blurring of images and whitening by optimizing conditions of light-scattering particles added to a polymer film and addition of the dye. The blurring of images was inhibited by doping polymer film with particles of high relative refractive index. The whitening of the scattering film was inhibited by the addition of the dye. The film in which particles were dispersed and accumulated showed different luminance properties and blurring of images at the same particle concentration. Finally, a directional backlight covered with the optimized scattering film showed equivalent luminance properties to those of a commercial backlight and demonstrated the feasibility of this system.
Fine-Tuning Multiprotein Complexes Using Small Molecules (2012)

Multiprotein complexes such as the transcriptional machinery, signaling hubs, and protein folding machines are typically composed of at least one enzyme combined with multiple non-enzymes. Often the components of these complexes are incorporated in a combinatorial manner, in which the ultimate composition of the system helps dictate the type, location, or duration of cellular activities. Although drugs and chemical probes have traditionally targeted the enzyme components, emerging strategies call for controlling the function of protein complexes by modulation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). However, the challenges of targeting PPIs have been well documented, and the diversity of PPIs makes a "one-size-fits-all" solution highly unlikely. These hurdles are particularly daunting for PPIs that encompass large buried surface areas and those with weak affinities. In this Review, we discuss lessons from natural systems, in which allostery and other mechanisms are used to overcome the challenge of regulating the most difficult PPIs. These systems may provide a blueprint for identifying small molecules that target challenging PPIs and affecting molecular decision-making within multiprotein systems.
Testing of differential cascode voltage switch one-count generators (1990)

Clocked differential cascode voltage switch (DCVS) circuits are dynamic CMOS circuits which can implement both inverting and noninverting functions. They have protection against test-set invalidation due to timing skews at the inputs and circuit delays as well as due to charge distribution. The problem of detecting stuck-at, stuck-open, and stuck-on faults in DCVS implementations of one-count generators is considered. A one-count generator counts the number of ones in its inputs. It is made up of full adders and half-adders. If the number of inputs to the one-count generator is n, then the number of outputs k is given by (log/sub 2/(n+1)). For a maximal DCVS one-count generator, for which n=2/sup k/-1, it is shown that the size of the test set is only four. For a nonmaximal DCVS one-count generator, for which n not=2/sup k/-1, the upper bound on the size of the test set is 5(K-1), in other words, the size is O(log/sub 2/n). For a DCVS ripple-carry adder, which forms a part of the DCVS one-count generator, the test-set size is four.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A High-Speed and High-Responsivity Photodiode in Standard CMOS Technology (2007)

This work investigates a new silicon (Si) photodiode (PD) by standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The basic structure of the proposed Si PD is formed by multiple p-n diodes with shallow trench isolation oxide in between p- and n-region from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 0.18-mum CMOS technology. The proposed PD demonstrates a responsivity of 0.37 A/W at zero bias (lambda=823nm). At reverse bias (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</sub> ) of 14.3 V, the fabricated PD exhibits a high responsivity of 0.74 A/W, a -3-dB electrical bandwidth of 1.6 GHz, and an eye diagram at 3.5 Gb/s
Thermally activated pressure-sensitive adhesives (2007)

Abstract We describe an approach to form stimuli-responsive pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) films that are activated by thermal energy. This approach is used to form films that do not adhere on contact to any non-adhesive substrates. However, upon activation using heat as a stimulus, the films change irreversibly into PSA coatings. In order to develop this system, a PSA polymer emulsion stabilized by a novel low-molecular-weight polymeric stabilizer was synthesized. This emulsion was dried at ambient conditions to form films with a well-defined morphology with the PSA encapsulated by a protective matrix of polymeric stabilizer. This morphology is not thermodynamically stable and is disrupted when the temperature is elevated above the glass transition temperature of the protective polymeric stabilizer. Thermodynamically-driven rearrangement of the phases leads to the PSA migrating to and occupying the air–film interface. The impact of the amount and composition of the stabilizer in the PSA emulsion on emulsion stability, latency and stimulus response was explored. Supporting data for the proposed mechanism include TEM micrographs of the film morphology. Keywords: PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVEEMULSIONCO-POLYMERPOLYMERIC STABILIZERCORE-SHELL MORPHOLOGYSTIMULI-RESPONSIVETHERMALLY ACTIVATEDHEAT TRIGGEREDTACK
Laplace transforms, Mellin transforms and mixed poisson processes (1984)

1. Introduction While trying to generalize results of McNolty (1964), the present author discovered the usefulness of Laplace and Mellin transforms for the computation of the counting distribution Pn (t)=P(N(t)=n) of a mixed Poisson process {N(t); t⩾0}. For various mixing distributions U we present the corresponding expressions for Pn (t), expressions which have not been contained in literature so far, but also neater forms or easier derivations of existing results. Mixing distributions which are considered are: χ 2, χ, Maxwell, Rayleigh, Weibull, generalized gamma, Pearson Type I, III, V, VI, F, Pareto, Bessel and truncated normal.