gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amyloid-like interactions within nucleoporin FG hydrogels (2010)

The 62 kDa FG repeat domain of the nucleoporin Nsp1p forms a hydrogel-based, sieve-like permeability barrier that excludes inert macromolecules but allows rapid entry of nuclear transport receptors (NTRs). We found that the N-terminal part of this domain, which is characterized by Asn-rich inter-FG spacers, forms a tough hydrogel. The C-terminal part comprises charged inter-FG spacers, shows low gelation propensity on its own, but binds the N-terminal part and passivates the FG hydrogel against nonselective interactions. It was previously shown that a hydrophobic collapse involving Phe residues is required for FG hydrogel formation. Using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we now identified two additional types of intragel interactions, namely, transient hydrophobic interactions between Phe and methyl side chains as well as intermolecular beta-sheets between the Asn-rich spacer regions. The latter appear to be the kinetically most stable structures within the FG hydrogel. They are also a central feature of neuronal inclusions formed by Asn/Gln-rich amyloid and prion proteins. The cohesive properties of FG repeats and the Asn/Gln-rich domain from the yeast prion Sup35p appear indeed so similar to each other that these two modules interact in trans. Our data, therefore, suggest a fully unexpected cellular function of such interchain beta-structures in maintaining the permeability barrier of nuclear pores. They provide an explanation for how contacts between FG repeats might gain the kinetic stability to suppress passive fluxes through nuclear pores and yet allow rapid NTR passage.
Mechanisms of optical losses in fibres with a high concentration of germanium dioxide (2003)

The mechanisms of optical losses determining the scattering of light in single-mode fibres with a high germanium-dioxide content in a core are investigated. The coefficients of the Rayleigh scattering in fibres with a high level of doping (a molar concentration of GeO2 of up to 30 %) are measured for the first time. The investigations of the angular distribution of the intensity of light scattered from the fibre have revealed the presence of an additional, anomalous scattering of light besides the Rayleigh scattering. The nature of this phenomenon is discussed.
The Early Clinical Manifestations of Lyme Disease (1983)

Lyme disease, caused by a tick-transmitted spirochete, typically begins with a unique skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans. Of 314 patients with this skin lesion, almost half developed multiple annular secondary lesions; some patients had evanescent red blotches or circles, malar or urticarial rash, conjunctivitis, periorbital edema, or diffuse erythema. Skin manifestations were often accompanied by malaise and fatigue, headache, fever and chills, generalized achiness, and regional lymphadenopathy. In addition, patients sometimes had evidence of meningeal irritation, mild encephalopathy, migratory musculoskeletal pain, hepatitis, generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, sore throat, nonproductive cough, or testicular swelling. These signs and symptoms were typically intermittent and changing during a period of several weeks. The commonest nonspecific laboratory abnormalities were a high sedimentation rate, an elevated serum IgM level, or an increased aspartate transaminase level. Early Lyme disease can be diagnosed by its dermatologic manifestations, rapidly changing system involvement, and if necessary, by serologic testing.
A Hybrid Learning Algorithm Fusing STDP with GA based Explicit Delay Learning for Spiking Neurons (2006)

This paper presents a hybrid learning algorithm for spiking neural networks (SNNs), referred to as an evolvable spiking neural network (ESNN) paradigm. The algorithm integrates a supervised and unsupervised learning approach. The unsupervised approach exploits a spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) mechanism with explicit delay learning for multiple connections between neurons. Supervision of the synaptic delays and the excitatory/inhibitory connections is governed by a genetic algorithm (GA), while the STDP rule is free to operate in its normal unsupervised manner. A spike train encoding/decoding scheme is developed for the algorithm. The approach is validated by application to the Iris classification problem
Mehrfach ungesättigte Radikalkationen: Regio‐ und Stereochemie der oxidativen Dimerisierung von Heptafulvenen (1984)

Abstract Die oxidative Dimerisierung der Heptafulvene 3 führt zu Bicycloheptatrienyl‐Verbindungen 4, 5, 7 und 8 über radikalische Zwischenstufen. Die C – C‐Verknüpfung erfolgt an den sterisch weniger gehinderten Kohlenstoffen. Die Substituenten beeinflussen die Regio‐ und Stereoselektivität. Die thermische Labilität der Bicycloheptatrienyl‐Verbindungen wird am Beispiel des Diesters meso (u) ‐ 4a gezeigt. Die Umlagerungsreaktion führt zu einer Vielzahl von Isomeren. Chemisch werden die Bicycloheptatrienyl‐Verbindungen durch Addition von 4‐Methyl‐4 H ‐1,2,4‐triazol‐2,5‐dion ( 12a ) charakterisiert, die zu Homobarrelenen führt. – Die Kristallstruktur von meso(u) ‐ 4a wird durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt.
State Government. By Walter F. Dodd. (New York: The Century Company. 1922. Pp. xiii, 578.) (1923)

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Successful treatment of refractory Hodgkin's disease by high-dose combination chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (1989)

Forty-four patients with refractory Hodgkin's disease were treated with high-dose combination chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow rescue. Twenty-two patients (50%) entered complete remission within 6 months of the procedure and four other patients are free of disease progression. Only two patients have subsequently relapsed from complete remission (CR). Bone marrow suppression was the predictable major toxicity of this procedure, and two patients (4.5%) died of sepsis during the aplastic phase. High-dose therapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) appears to be an effective salvage regimen for patients with refractory Hodgkin's disease.
El Estado en América Latina (2009)

£En que medida es competente el Estado en America Latina? Este articulo analiza el sistema fiscal, Ia Administracion publica y datos electorales, asi como los indicadores de cambio en âmbitos como Ia seguridad publica, el derecho, Ias regulaciones economicas y los servidos sociales, a fin de poder comparar la region con otras partes del mundo y definir Ias disparidades intrarregionales. El Estado latinoamericano, en general, no es muy fuerte ni efectivo, pero los estados chileno y brasileno pueden ser el mejor ejemplo para la region.
Crystallization of non-Brownian Spheres under Horizontal Shaking (1997)

Until now, it has been observed that a collective handling of uniform spheres could only lead to a random close packing of 0.64 maximum volume fraction. In this Letter, we show that denser crystalline arrangements can be obtained when beads are poured at low flow rates into a horizontally shaken container. A parallel is suggested between this process and that of colloidal sedimentation which also yields crystalline structure.
Differential effects of P2-purinoceptor antagonists on phospholipase C- and adenylyl cyclase-coupled P2Y-purinoceptors (2020)

1 Stimulation of P2Y‐purinoceptors on turkey erythrocytes and many other cell types results in activation of phospholipase C. In contrast, we have observed recently that P2Y‐purinoceptors on C6 rat glioma cells are not coupled to phospholipase C., but rather, inhibit adenylyl cyclase. 2 In this study we investigated the pharmacological selectivity of the P2‐purinoceptor antagonists, suramin, reactive blue 2, and pyridoxal phosphate 6‐azophenyl 2′,4′‐disulphonic acid (PPADS) for phospholipase C‐ and adenylyl cyclase‐coupled P2Y‐purinoceptors. 3 In C6 glioma cells, suramin and reactive blue 2 competitively antagonized the inhibitory effect of 2MeSATP on adenylyl cyclase (pK B = 5.4 ± 0.2 and 7.6 ± 0.1, respectively), whereas PPADS at concentrations up to 100 μm had no effect. 4 In contrast, in the turkey erythrocyte preparation, PPADS at concentrations up to 30 μm was a competitive antagonist of P2Y‐purinoceptor‐stimulated phospholipase C activity (pK B = 5.9 ± 0.1). Suramin and reactive blue 2 produced both a shift to the right of the concentration‐effect of 2MeSATP for the activation of phospholipase C and a significant decrease in the maximal inositol phosphate response. 5 Turkey erythrocytes also express a phospholipase C‐coupled β‐adrenoceptor. Concentrations of PPADS that competitively inhibited the P2Y‐purinoceptor‐mediated response had only minimal effects on the activation of phospholipase C by β‐adrenoceptors. In contrast, suramin and reactive blue 2 produced a non‐competitive inhibition, characterized by decreases in the maximal response to isoprenaline with no change in the potency of this β‐adrenoceptor agonist. 6 The differential effect of PPADS on P2Y‐purinoceptors of C6 glioma cells and turkey erythrocytes adds further support to the idea that different P2Y‐purinoceptor subtypes mediate coupling to adenylyl cyclic and phospholipase C.
Shape‐memory polymer networks from oligo(ϵ‐caprolactone)dimethacrylates (2005)

Abstract Polymer networks showing a thermally induced shape‐memory effect were prepared through the crosslinking of oligo(ϵ‐caprolactone)dimethacrylates under photocuring with or without an initiator. The influence of the molecular weight of the oligo(ϵ‐caprolactone)dimethacrylates and the initiator concentration on the macroscopic properties of the polymer networks was investigated. The isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of the polymer networks was evaluated as a basic principle of the functionalization process. Shape‐memory properties such as the strain fixity and strain recovery rate were quantified with cyclic thermomechanical tensile experiments for different maximum elongations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1369–1381, 2005
Logarithmic path-length in space-filling curves. (2002)

Data structures based on space- lling curves have shown to be a good approach in several applications. For the monitoring of moving objects, e. g. necessary for the contact detection in nite-element simulations, we need a special metrics to compare the quality of dierent curves.
Practical approaches for overcoming challenges in heightened characterization of antibody-drug conjugates with new methodologies and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (2018)

Antibody-drug conjugation strategies are continuously evolving as researchers work to improve the safety and efficacy of the molecules. However, as a part of process and product development, confirmation of the resulting innovative structures requires new, specialized mass spectrometry (MS) approaches and methods, as compared to those already established for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and the heightened characterization practices used for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), in order to accurately elucidate the resulting conjugate forms, which can sometimes have labile chemical bonds and more extreme chemical properties like hydrophobic patches. Here, we discuss practical approaches for characterization of ADCs using new methodologies and ultrahigh-resolution MS, and provide specific examples of these approaches. Denaturing conditions of typical liquid chromatography (LC)/MS analyses impede the successful detection of intact, 4-chain ADCs generated via cysteine site-directed chemistry approaches where hinge region disulfide bonds are partially reduced. However, this class of ADCs is detected intact reliably under non-denaturing size-exclusion chromatography/MS conditions, also referred to as native MS. For ADCs with acid labile linkers such as one used for conjugation of calicheamicin, careful selection of mobile phase composition is critical to the retention of intact linker-payload during LC/MS analysis. Increasing the pH of the mobile phase prevented cleavage of a labile bond in the linker moiety, and resulted in retention of the intact linker-payload. In-source fragmentation also was observed with typical electrospray ionization (ESI) source parameters during intact ADC mass analysis for a particular surface-accessible linker-payload moiety conjugated to the heavy chain C-terminal tag, LLQGA (via transglutaminase chemistry). Optimization of additional ESI source parameters such as cone voltages, gas pressures and ion transfer parameters led to minimal fragmentation and optimal sensitivity. Ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) MS, combined with reversed phase-ultrahigh performance (RP-UHP)LC and use of the FabRICATOR® enzyme, provides a highly resolving, antibody subunit-domain mapping method that allows rapid confirmation of integrity and the extent of conjugation. For some ADCs, the hydrophobic nature of the linker-payload hinders chromatographic separation of the modified subunit/domains or causes very late elution/poor recovery. As an alternative to the traditionally used C<sub>4</sub> UHPLC column chemistry, a diphenyl column resulted in the complete recovery of modified subunit/domains. For ADCs based on maleimide chemistry, control of pH during proteolytic digestion is critical to minimize ring-opening. The optimum pH to balance digestion efficiency and one that does not cause ring opening needed to be established for successful peptide mapping.
Main results of the Ouabain and Adducin for Specific Intervention on Sodium in Hypertension Trial (OASIS-HT): a randomized placebo-controlled phase-2 dose-finding study of rostafuroxin (2011)

ClinicalTrials (NCT): NCT00415038.
An adaptive correlator receiver for direct-sequence spread-spectrum communication (1996)

This paper presents a novel receiver for direct sequence spread-spectrum signals over channels containing interference and multipath. The receiver employs an adaptive correlator that jointly detects the transmitted data, removes interference, and compensates for multipath. The optimum correlation vector is derived by determining the Wiener vector that minimizes the mean squared error (MSE) between the transmitted data bit and the correlator output. For an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, the optimal correlation vector is the spreading sequence used by the transmitter. For interference and multipath channels, the optimal correlation vector will suppress the interference and combine the multipath while optimizing the detection of the transmitted data bit. The paper presents analytical and simulation results which illustrate the bit-error rate (BER) performance of the receiver in multipath and narrowband interference. Additionally, simulation results are presented illustrating the convergence performance of the receiver when the tap weights are adjusted using either the least mean square (LMS) or recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive algorithms.
A Stable Neutral Diborene Containing a BB Double Bond (2007)

The syntheses and molecular structures of four compounds are reported: 1 (RBBr3), 2 (R(H)2B−B(H)2R), 3 (R(H)BB(H)R), and 4 (RBH3) (R = :C{N(2,6-Pri2C6H3)CH}2). These compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H and 11B NMR, and elemental analyses. Compounds 2 and 3 were prepared by the KC8 reduction of 1 in Et2O. Compound 3 is the first structurally characterized neutral diborene (mean BB: 1.560(18) Å). The nature of the BB double bond in 3 was delineated by DFT computations.
Prediction of Formation of Cubic Boron Nitride Nanowires inside Silicon Nanotubes (2010)

A model that predicts the formation of cBN nanowires inside Si nanotubes was developed by taking the effect of surface tension induced by the nanosize curvature of critical nuclei and the Si nanotubes into account. The radius and formation energy of the critical nuclei of cBN, the phase transition probability, and the growth velocity of the cBN nuclei were calculated with the proposed model, and the effect of the radii of Si nanotubes on the nuclei was also investigated. The results show that the temperature and supersaturation limited to a range of 1300−1500 K and 2−5, respectively, and radii of Si nanotubes of less than 5 nm are favorable for the formation of cBN nanowires inside Si nanotubes.
Benzoanellated Centropolyquinanes, 14. Synthesis of Tribenzotriquinacene by Stereocontrolled Cyclization of Phenyl‐Substituted <i>C<sub>s</sub></i>‐Diindans (4bα,9,9aα,10‐Tetrahydroindeno[1,2‐α]indenes) (1994)

Abstract The synthesis of tribenzotriquinacene 4 by a stepwise cyclization strategy involving phenyl‐substituted diindan intermediates is discussed in detail. Based on the determination of the anti (α) stereochemistry of the previously known phenyldiindanone 8 by standard electron impact mass spectrometry as well as on synthetical evidence ( 8 → 12 → 14 ), the conversion of 8 to the syn (β) phenyl‐substituted isomer 20 by means of dehydrogenation‐rehydrogenation sequences has been achieved. In particular, the preparation of the isomeric diindenones 15 and 16 as key synthetic intermediates by thermal syn elimination of the corresponding phenylsulfinyl and phenylseleninyl ketones 22 and 25 is described and contrasted to a bromination/dehydrobromination approach adopted from a previous report. The synthesis is completed by reduction of 20 to diindanol 27 followed by cyclodehydration, giving 4 in 14–19% overall yield from 8 . Non‐cyclizing dehydration of 27 and the isomeric diindanol 9 gives the Δ 4b,9 ‐diindene 30 as the most stable non‐cyclized isomer of 4. The steric effect of the syn ‐ or anti ‐oriented phenyl substituents on the preferred conformation of the diindan skeleton is deduced from the contrasting vicinal 1 H‐ 1 H spin coupling observed for the stereoisomers, e.g. the 9‐phenyldiindans 28 and 29 .
Macrocyclic polycther sulfide syntheses. The preparation of thia‐crown‐5, 6 and 7 compounds (1974)

Abstract Macroeyclic polyether sulfides have been prepared by reacting an oligoethylene glycol dichloride with a dimercaptan or sodium sulfide as reported in a previous paper (6). The following new compounds were prepared: 1,4,7‐trithia(15‐crown‐5) (1); 1,4,10‐trithia(15‐crown‐5) (II): 1,4,7,10‐tetrathia(15‐crown‐5) (III); I‐thia(18‐crown‐6) (IV); 1,4‐dithia(18‐crown‐6) (V); 1,7‐dithia(18‐crown‐6) (VI); 1,4,7‐trithia(18‐crown‐6) (VII); 1,7‐dithia(21‐crown‐7) (VIII); and 1,4,7‐trithia(21‐crown‐7) (IX). The melting points of these and previously reported thia‐crown compounds correlate with their structures. X‐ray analyses of two thia‐crown compounds indicate that the large sulfur atoms are directed away from the center of the ring.
Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Assessed From Spontaneous Blood Pressure Fluctuations (2005)

Dynamic cerebral autoregulation assessed from spontaneous blood pressure fluctuations does not seem to be relevantly disturbed in early minor MCA stroke. At the subacute stage, slight autoregulatory disturbance may be present.
Expression of β<sub>3</sub>‐adrenoceptor mRNA in rat brain (1995)

The reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction was used to demonstrate beta 3-adrenoceptor mRNA in rat brain regions. Levels were highest in hippocampus, cerebral cortex and striatum and lower in hypothalamus, brainstem and cerebellum.
Clinical Studies Implementing Glutamate Neurotransmission in Mood Disorders (2003)

Emerging evidence suggests that the amino acid neurotransmitter systems are associated with the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Recent advances in the areas of molecular neurobiology, pharmacology, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) now provide better tools to probe the function of the amino acid neurotransmitter systems and are affording us the opportunity to better investigate the relationship of these systems to mood disorders. Here we review the available literature in the field and suggest a possible pathophysiological model that may account for the many of the findings.
Analyzing user's behavior on a video database (2005)

The analysis of user behaviors in large video databases is an emergent problem. The growing importance of video in every day life (ex. Movie production) is bound to the importance of video usage. In order to cope with the abundance of available videos, users of these videos need intelligent software systems that fully utilize the rich source information hidden in user behaviors on large video data bases to retrieve and navigate through videos. In this paper, we present a framework for video usage mining to generate user profiles on a video search engine in the context of movie production. We suggest a two levels model based approach for modeling user behaviors on a video search engine. The first level aims at modeling and clustering user behavior on a single video sequence (intra video behavior), the second one aims at modeling and clustering user behavior on a set of video sequences (inter video behavior). Based on this representation we have developed a two phase clustering algorithm that fits these data.
A 'breadboard' biomass production chamber for CELSS (1987)

The Breadboard Project of the Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Program is the first attempt by NASA to integrate the primary components of a bioregenerative life support system into a functioning system. The central component of this project is a Biomass Production Chamber (BPC). The BPC is under construction, and when finished will be sealed for the study of the flux of gases, liquids, and solids through the production module of a CELSS. Features of the CELSS breadboard facility will be covered as will design requirements for the BPC. Cultural practices developed for wheat for the BPC wil be discussed.
Analogs of intermediates in the action of pig kidney prolidase (1991)

Dicarboxylic acids, resembling the collected substrates for the reverse peptide bond forming reaction, were bound several orders of magnitude more tightly than substrates, products, or previously known competitive inhibitors of reactions catalyzed by pig kidney prolidase (EC 3.4.13.9), a dipeptidase that cleaves peptide bonds to the nitrogen atom of proline. Other inhibitors containing a phosphoryl or phosphonyl group in addition to a carboxyl substituent were bound even more tightly, in a manner consistent with their possible resemblance to tetrahedral intermediates in substrate hydrolysis. These included several analogues of phosphoenol pyruvate, of which the most potent was (Z)-3-bromophosphoenolpyruvate (Ki = 4.6 x 10(-9) M). Ki values were found to vary with changing pH in a manner consistent with displacement of a hydroxide ion from the active site.