gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Replacement of the Carbonyl Group of Adamantanone by an Oxygen or Sulfur Atom and the One-step Transformation of 2-Methyladamantan-2-ol into 2-Oxa-adamantane; An Efficient New Synthesis of 2-Oxa- and 2-Thiaadamantane (1986)

2-Oxaadamantane is prepared by two methods: From adamantanone by a four-step sequence consisting of Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, reduction or reductive methylation, iodination with ring cleavage, and recyclization, or from 2-methyl-2-adamantanol by a two-step reaction without isolation of intermediates. In a related manner, 2-thiaadamantane is prepared from adamantanone by a five-step sequence consisting of Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, reductive methylation, iodination with ring cleavage, further iodination, and cyclocondensation of 3,7-diiodobicyclo[3.3.1]nonane with sodium sulfide.
Controlled synthesis of porous spinel cobalt manganese oxides as efficient oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts (2016)

In this article, we report a facile precursor pyrolysis method to prepare porous spinel-type cobalt manganese oxides (Co x Mn3-x O4) with controllable morphologies and crystalline structures. The capping agent in the reaction was found to be crucial on the formation of the porous spinel cobalt manganese oxides from cubic Co2MnO4 nanorods to tetragonal Co2Mn4 microspheres and tetragonal Co2Mn4 cubes, respectively. All of the prepared spinel materials exhibit brilliant oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis along with high stability. In particular, the cubic Co2MnO4 nanorods show the best performance with an onset potential of 0.9 V and a half-wave potential of 0.72 V which are very close to the commercial Pt/C. Meanwhile, the cubic Co2MnO4 nanorods present superior stability with negligible degradation of their electrocatalytic activity after a continuous operation time of 10,000 seconds, which is much better than the commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst.
Synthesis and Characterization of New γ-Substituted Pentamethine Cyanine Dyes (2010)

Three novel pentamethine cyanine dyes with 3,5-dimethylpyridinium-1-yl and 4-benzylpyridinium-1-yl substituents in γ position of the methine chain were synthesized via a three-step procedure. The visible spectral behavior of these pentamethine cyanine dyes was examined in DMSO. Elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and Mass spectral data confirmed the molecular structure of the newly synthesized compounds.
Functional Properties of Chitin and Chitosan (1982)

ABSTRACT Chitin (poly‐β (1⇒4)‐N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine), chitosan (deacetylated chitin) and microcrystalline chitin (redispersible chitin powder) were compared with microcrystalline cellulose to examine the use of those cellulose‐like biopolymers as functional additives for potential application in food formulations. Water binding, fat binding and emulsifying properties were studied. Baking tests were performed with 0.5–2.0% (flour basis) of microcrystalline chitin added to wheat flour bread or to potato protein fortified (8% potato protein concentrate) white bread. Water‐binding capacity and fat binding capacity of chitin, chitosan and microcrystalline chitin ranged from 230–440s (w/w) and from 170–315% (w/w). Chitosan and chitin did not produce emulsions but microcrystalline chitin showed good emulsifying properties and was superior to microcrystalline cellulose. Increasing concentration of microcrystalline chitin (0.12–0.8 g/100 ml water) had a positive effect on emulsion stability. Addition of microcrystalline chitin increased specific loaf volume of white bread and protein fortified breads. Water addition of 65% (flour basis) was found to be optimum for “chitin breads.”
The break-time barometer (2013)

The Break-Time Barometer is a social awareness system, which was developed as part of an exploratory study of the use of situated sensing and displays to promote cohesion in a newly-dispersed workplace. The Break-Time Barometer specifically aims to use an ambient persuasion approach in order to encourage people to join existing breaks, which take place within this community. Drawing upon a privacy-sensitive ubiquitous sensing infrastructure, the system of-fers information about potentially break-related activity in social spaces within this workplace, including alerts when specific events are detected. The system was developed using a user-centered iterative design approach. A qualitative mixed methods evaluation of a full deployment identified a diverse set of reactions to both the system and the design goal, and further elaborated the challenges of designing for social connectedness in this complex workplace context.
OCP MEASUREMENT: A METHOD TO DETERMINE CPVC (2007)

Open Circuit Potential (OCP) is one of the electrochemical methods to evaluate the corrosion performance of organic coatings. Some authors have used OCP measurement data to confirm their results obtained with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). In this investigation, there is an attempt to utilize OCP measurements to estimate the CPVC (Critical Pigment Volume Concentration) of two anti-corrosive pigments, i.e., zinc phosphate and zinc chromate. OCP measurements showed two distinct behaviors in the PVCs lower than CPVC and one typical behavior at the PVCs higher than CPVC. The results showed that OCP measurement could be a highly reliable method for the evaluation of CPVC.
Effects of dose and duration of treatment with the tumor-promoting agent, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on mouse skin carcinogenesis (1980)

The effects of dose and duration of treatment with the potent tumor-promoting agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the formation of skin tumors in Charles River CD-1 mice was studied. Mice were initiated with a single application of 0.2 micromol of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in 0.2 ml acetone. Beginning two weeks after initiation, mice were treated twice weekly with various doses (0.01 - 20 nmol) of TPA in 0.2 ml acetone. Application of either 0.01 or 0.1 nmol of TPA did not elicit tumors during the 50 weeks duration of treatment. A dose-dependent increase in the number of papillomas was observed through the range of 1 to 10 nmol of TPA. Twice weekly applications of 20 nmol of TPA did not further enhance the papilloma incidence. A good correlation was observed between the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and the formation of skin tumors by various doses of TPA. To determine the effect of promotion duration on the incidence of papillomas and carcinomas, mice were treated with 10 nmol of TPA for various durations (6, 12, 18, 24, 30, or 36 weeks) beginning 2 weeks after initiation with 0.2 micromol of DMBA. Mice promoted for only 6 weeks developed papillomas and carcinomas after promotion had been discontinued. There was an intermediate incidence of tumors in the group treated for 12 weeks. Promotion for 18, 24, 30, or 36 weeks elicited virtually identical yields of papillomas. The incidence of carcinomas was proportional to promotion duration times of 6, 12, and 18 weeks, but carcinoma incidence was less than maximal in mice promoted for 24 weeks or longer. The results indicate that a) the incidence of papillomas serves as a rapid (18 weeks) index for subsequent appearance of carcinomas, b) twice weekly applications of 10 nmol of TPA for 18 weeks following initiation of female CD-1 mice with 0.2 micromol of DMBA is an appropriate protocol for maximum tumor yield in initiation-promotion experiments, and c) ODC induction may be an important component of the mechanism of skin tumor promotion by TPA.
Purification and properties of a β-1,6-glucanase from <i>Penicillium brefeldianum</i> (1984)

An inducible endo-beta-1,6-glucanase was purified from Penicillium brefeldianum by DEAE-cellulose, Bio-Gel P-150 and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The final preparation was essentially free from beta-1,3-glucanase and beta-glucosidase activities. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed one protein band with an Mr of 44000. The Vmax. and Km values were calculated to be 624 units (mumol/min)/mg and 2.78 mg/ml respectively. The glucanase had lytic activity against mycelial cells of the yeast Candida albicans. The yield of purified beta-1,6-glucanase from 100 mg dry weight of freeze-dried culture filtrate varied from 60 to 180 units.
An effective simple method to reduce bandwidth usage over an access link in IPTV multicast delivery services (2010)

In this paper, an effective simple method for reducing bandwidth usage over an access link in the IPTV multicast delivery services is proposed. The IPTV services are required to meet rapid channel switching as well as conventional analog TV services, but these services encounter issues to achieve rapid channel switching. One of significant problems is overloaded bandwidth consumption due to repeated channel switching behavior by users' channel request. This problem is caused by multicast leave processing, i.e., edge routers (ER) cannot stop transmission immediately due to the leave processing, so that ERs are required to stop unnecessary distributions. The feature of our proposed method is a reduction of bandwidth usage for transmitting IP multicast packets on the access link between ER and home access gateways (HG). We show effectiveness of the proposed method and efficiency of simple algorithm from the perspective of practical level through simulation evaluations.
High-pressure phase equilibria of polyethylene glycol-carbon dioxide systems (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-pressure phase equilibria of polyethylene glycol-carbon dioxide systemsManouchehr. Daneshvar, Seecheol. Kim, and Esin. GulariCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 5, 2124–2128Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100368a071https://doi.org/10.1021/j100368a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views455Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
BRAF inhibitor–associated ERK activation drives development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2014)

Patients with BRAFV600E/K-driven melanoma respond to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib due to subsequent deactivation of the proliferative RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. In BRAF WT cells and those with mutations that activate or result in high levels of the BRAF activator RAS, BRAF inhibition can lead to ERK activation, resulting in tumorigenic transformation. We describe a patient with malignant melanoma who developed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in the absence of RAS mutations during vemurafenib treatment. BRAF inhibition promoted patient CLL proliferation in culture and in murine xenografts and activated MEK/ERK in primary CLL cells from additional patients. BRAF inhibitor-driven ERK activity and CLL proliferation required B cell antigen receptor (BCR) activation, as inhibition of the BCR-proximal spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) reversed ERK hyperactivation and proliferation of CLL cells from multiple patients, while inhibition of the BCR-distal Bruton tyrosine kinase had no effect. Additionally, the RAS-GTP/RAS ratio in primary CLL cells exposed to vemurafenib was reduced upon SYK inhibition. BRAF inhibition increased mortality and CLL expansion in mice harboring CLL xenografts; however, SYK or MEK inhibition prevented CLL proliferation and increased animal survival. Together, these results suggest that BRAF inhibitors promote B cell malignancies in the absence of obvious mutations in RAS or other receptor tyrosine kinases and provide a rationale for combined BRAF/MEK or BRAF/SYK inhibition.
Minimizing conducted RF-emissions in switch mode power supplies using spread-spectrum techniques (2004)

Switching power supplies are usually implemented with a control circuitry that uses constant clock frequency turning the power semiconductor switches on and off. A drawback of this customary operating principle is that the switching frequency and harmonic frequencies are present in both the conducted and radiated EMI spectrum of the power converter. Various variable-frequency techniques have been introduced during the last decade to overcome the EMC problem. \nThe main objective of this study was to compare the EMI and steady-state performance of a switch mode power supply with different spread-spectrum/variable-frequency methods. Another goal was to find out suitable tools for the variable-frequency EMI analysis. This thesis can be divided into three main parts: Firstly, some aspects of spectral estimation and measurement are presented. Secondly, selected spread spectrum generation techniques are presented with simulations and background information. Finally, simulations and prototype measurements from the EMC and the steady-state performance are carried out in the last part of this work. \nCombination of the autocorrelation function, the Welch spectrum estimate and the spectrogram were used as a substitute for ordinary Fourier methods in the EMC analysis. It was also shown that the switching function can be used in preliminary EMC analysis of a SMPS and the spectrum and autocorrelation sequence of a switching function correlates with the final EMI spectrum. \nThis work is based on numerous simulations and measurements made with the prototype. All these simulations and measurements are made with the boost DC/DC converter. Four different variable-frequency modulation techniques in six different configurations were analyzed and the EMI performance was compared to the constant frequency operation. Output voltage and input current waveforms were also analyzed in time domain to see the effect of the spread spectrum operation on these quantities. \nAccording to the results presented in this work, spread spectrum modulation can be utilized in power converter for EMI mitigation. The results from steady-state voltage measurements show, that the variable-frequency operation of the SMPS has effect on the voltage ripple, but the ripple measured from the prototype is still acceptable in some applications. Both current and voltage ripple can be controlled with proper main circuit and controller design.
Some New α-Monosulfenylated Benzyl Phenyl Sulfones; Versatile Intermediates for the Synthesis of<i>p</i>-Substituted Benzaldehydes (1985)

L'hydrolyse acide, ou l'oxydation electrochimique des thioacetals oxydes du titre conduit aux derives du benzaldehyde
Molecular Aspects of<i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i>Pathogenesis (2009)

In recent years, Moraxella catarrhalis has established its position as an important human mucosal pathogen, no longer being regarded as just a commensal bacterium. Further, current research in the field has led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in M. catarrhalis pathogenesis, including mechanisms associated with cellular adherence, target cell invasion, modulation of the host's immune response, and metabolism. Additionally, in order to be successful in the host, M. catarrhalis has to be able to interact and compete with the commensal flora and overcome stressful environmental conditions, such as nutrient limitation. In this review, we provide a timely overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with M. catarrhalis virulence and pathogenesis.
Synthesis and Surface Characterization of Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Block Copolymers Containing Poly(2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Surface Characterization of Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Block Copolymers Containing Poly(2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate)Hideharu Mori, Akira Hirao, Seiichi Nakahama, and Kazuhisa SenshuCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 15, 4093–4100Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00093a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00093a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views900Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
VHDL: Hardware Description and Design (1989)

VHDL is a comprehensive language that allows a user to deal with design complexity. Design, and the data representing a design, are complex by the very nature of a modern digital system constructed fr
Prospective randomized controlled trial comparing percutaneous acetic acid injection and percutaneous ethanol injection for small hepatocellular carcinoma (1998)

To assess whether ultrasound-guided percutaneous acetic acid injection is superior to percutaneous ethanol injection in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 60 patients with one to four HCCs smaller than 3 cm were entered onto a randomized controlled trial. Thirty-one and 29 patients, respectively, were treated by percutaneous acetic acid injection using 50% acetic acid or by percutaneous ethanol injection using absolute ethanol. There were no significant differences in age, sex ratio, Child-Pugh class, size of tumors, or number of tumors between the two groups. When there was no evidence of viable HCC from biopsy, plain and helical dynamic computed tomography, or angiography, the treatment was considered successful and was discontinued. All original tumors were treated successfully by either therapy. However, 8% of 38 tumors treated with percutaneous acetic acid injection and 37% of 35 tumors treated with percutaneous ethanol injection developed a local recurrence (P < .001) during the follow-up periods of 29 +/- 8 months and 23 +/- 10 months, respectively. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 100% and 92% in percutaneous acetic acid injection and 83% and 63% in percutaneous ethanol injection (P = .0017). A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors revealed that treatment was an independent predictor of survival. The risk ratio of percutaneous acetic acid injection versus percutaneous ethanol injection was 0.120 (range, 0.027-0.528; P = .0050). In conclusion, percutaneous acetic acid injection is superior to percutaneous ethanol injection in the treatment of small HCC.
A Dual-Capture Wide Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor Using Floating-Diffusion Capacitor (2008)

A dual-capture wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor using an in-pixel floating-diffusion (FD) storage capacitor is proposed. The proposed structure uses the FD as a storage capacitor. The potential of the FD node is read out using a floating-gate capacitor without a contact metallization of the FD node to reduce the leakage. The proposed sensor was fabricated using a 0.35-mum CMOS process. The chip includes 320 times 240 pixels whose pitch is 5.6 mum and whose fill factor is 36%. The measurement results show 100-dB dynamic range, and the leakage at the non-metalized FD is reduced to about one-third of that of the conventional FD with the contact metallization.
Single Photo Estimation of Hair Appearance (2009)

Abstract Significant progress has been made in high‐quality hair rendering, but it remains difficult to choose parameter values that reproduce a given real hair appearance. In particular, for applications such as games where naive users want to create their own avatars, tuning complex parameters is not practical. Our approach analyses a single flash photograph and estimates model parameters that reproduce the visual likeness of the observed hair. The estimated parameters include color absorptions, three reflectance lobe parameters of a multiple‐scattering rendering model, and a geometric noise parameter. We use a novel melanin‐based model to capture the natural subspace of hair absorption parameters. At its core, the method assumes that images of hair with similar color distributions are also similar in appearance. This allows us to recast the issue as an image retrieval problem where the photo is matched with a dataset of rendered images; we thus also match the model parameters used to generate these images. An earth‐mover's distance is used between luminance‐weighted color distributions to gauge similarity. We conduct a perceptual experiment to evaluate this metric in the context of hair appearance and demonstrate the method on 64 photographs, showing that it can achieve a visual likeness for a large variety of input photos.
Parkinson's Disease (Advances in Neurology, vol. 45) (1987)

<b>Objective: </b> To estimate changes in rates of cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage, comorbidity profile, and case fatality rates in Quebec over 15 years. <b>Methods: </b> A population-based admission-to-discharge cohort study was conducted, selecting first stroke events from hospital discharge data (MedEcho) from 1988 to 2002. <b>Results: </b> In this study (involving 101,831 persons with cerebral infarctions and 11,215 persons with intracerebral hemorrhages), there was a downturn in the rates of cerebral infarction over 15 years, especially during the last 5 years (32.5% decline for men and 25.5% for women). A concomitant increase in rates of intracerebral hemorrhage, 28% increase for men (2%/year) and 22% for women (1.6%/year), was also noted. Although age and comorbidity of the population increased, case fatality decreased over time. Age and type of stroke were strong predictors for early (≤7 days) and later (8 to 30 days) case fatality, whereas comorbidity was important only for later death. In-hospital bed stay declined dramatically over time for all discharge destinations. <b>Conclusions: </b> A significant decrease in rates of cerebral infarction and a rise in rates of intracerebral hemorrhage were noted in Quebec over 15 years. Age and comorbidity of the population increased. Although stroke is increasingly a condition of the elderly, ill population, case fatality and in-hospital bed stay declined over time.
The Cambridge University March 2005 speaker diarisation system (2005)

This paper describes the speaker diarisation system developed at Cambridge University in March 2005. This system combines techniques used successfully in our previous speaker diarisation systems with an additional second clustering stage based on state-of-the-art speaker identification methods. Several strategies for using the new system are investigated and the final system gives a diarisation error rate of 6.9% on the RT-04 Fall diarisation evaluation data when processing all the test data together or 8.6% when processing the test data shows independently.