gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds by Weight-Detectable Sensors coated with Metal-Organic Frameworks (2014)

Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using weight-detectable quartz microbalance and silicon-based microcantilever sensors coated with crystalline metal-organic framework (MOF) thin films is described in this paper. The thin films of two MOFs were grown from COOH-terminated self-assembled monolayers onto the gold electrodes of sensor platforms. The MOF layers worked as the effective concentrators of VOC gases, and the adsorption/desorption processes of the VOCs could be monitored by the frequency changes of weight-detectable sensors. Moreover, the MOF layers provided VOC sensing selectivity to the weight-detectable sensors through the size-selective adsorption of the VOCs within the regulated nanospace of the MOFs.
Synchronization of MEMS resonators and mechanical neurocomputing (2001)

We combine here two well-known and established concepts: microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and neurocomputing. First, we consider MEMS oscillators having low amplitude activity and we derive a simple mathematical model that describes nonlinear phase-locking dynamics in them. Then, we investigate a theoretical possibility of using MEMS oscillators to build an oscillatory neurocomputer having autocorrelative associative memory. The neurocomputer stores and retrieves complex oscillatory patterns in the form of synchronized states with appropriate phase relations between the oscillators. Thus, we show that MEMS alone can be used to build a sophisticated information processing system (U.S. provisional patent 60/178,654).
Anti-Stokes delayed fluorescence from metal–organic bichromophores (2004)

Long wavelength excitation of [Ru(dmb)(2)(bpy-An)](2+) (dmb is 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine and bpy-An is 4-methyl-4'-(9-anthrylethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine) in CH(3)CN solution produces upconverted delayed singlet anthracene fluorescence via bimolecular triplet-triplet annihilation.
The gas electron multiplier (GEM) (1997)

We describe operating principles and results obtained with a new detector element: the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM). Consisting of a thin composite sheet with two metal layers separated by a thin insulator, and pierced by a regular matrix of open channels, the GEM electrode, inserted on the path of electrons in a gas detector, allows the transfer of charge with an amplification factor approaching ten. Uniform response and high rate capability are demonstrated. Coupled to another device, multiwire or micro-strip chamber, the GEM electrode permits higher gains or less critical operation; separation of the sensitive (conversion) volume and the detection volume have other advantages: a built-in delay (useful for triggering purposes), and the possibility of applying high fields on the photo-cathode of ring imaging detectors to improve efficiency. Multiple GEM grids in the same gas volume allow large amplification factors to be achieved in a succession of steps, leading to the realization of an effective gas-filled photomultiplier.
Data Streams: Algorithms and Applications (2005)

In the data stream scenario, input arrives very rapidly and there is limited memory to store the input. Algorithms have to work with one or few passes over the data, space less than linear in the input size or time significantly less than the input size. In the past few years, a new theory has emerged for reasoning about algorithms that work within these constraints on space, time, and number of passes. Some of the methods rely on metric embeddings, pseudo-random computations, sparse approximation theory and communication complexity. The applications for this scenario include IP network traffic analysis, mining text message streams and processing massive data sets in general. Researchers in Theoretical Computer Science, Databases, IP Networking and Computer Systems are working on the data stream challenges. This article is an overview and survey of data stream algorithmics and is an updated version of [1].
Characterization and Partial Purification of Bovine α-Lactalbumin and β-Casein Produced in Milk of Transgenic Mice (1997)

Bovine alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) and bovine beta-casein (beta-CN), from milk from transgenic mice were characterized and partially purified using electrophoretic, immunoblotting, and chromatographic methods. The transgenically expressed bovine milk proteins were identified using PAGE or by a combination of preparative isoelectrofocusing followed by Western immunoblotting. The heterologous bovine alpha-IA and bovine beta-CN had molecular masses that were identical to those of those of the native proteins. The estimated expression of the proteins was 1.0 mg/ml of milk for alpha-LA and 3.0 mg/ml for beta-CN. The calcium binding of bovine alpha-LA suggested that the protein produced in murine milk has the same electrophoretic shift as native bovine alpha-LA after the removal of calcium. Nitrogen-linked glycosylation of native and murine synthesized bovine alpha-LA was identified by peptide-N-glycosidase F treatment, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of HPLC-purified bovine alpha-LA from mouse milk was confirmed to be identical to native bovine alpha-LA. In addition, the phosphorylation of the bovine beta-CN expressed in the milk of transgenic mice was the same as that of native bovine beta-CN, as determined by phosphatase digestion.
Partitioning bin-packing algorithms for distributed real-time systems (2006)

In this paper, we study extensions to bin packing algorithms to pack software modules into processors in real-time systems. We refer to this approach as Partitioning Bin-Packing. In this study, we analytically show that with partitioning bin-packing techniques the number of bins required by traditional bin packing can be reduced. We also evaluate heuristics to minimise both the number of processors (bins) needed and the network bandwidth required by communicating software modules that are partitioned across different processors. We find that a significant reduction in the number of bins is possible. Finally, different heuristics lead to different tradeoffs in processing vs. network needs.
Maturation of Human Neutrophil Phagosomes Includes Incorporation of Molecular Chaperones and Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control Machinery (2006)

A Human neutrophils are an essential component of the innate immune response. Although significant progress has been made toward understanding mechanisms of phagocytosis and microbicidal activity, a comprehensive analysis of proteins comprising neutrophil phagosomes has not been conducted. To that end, we used subcellular proteomics to identify proteins associated with human neutrophil phagosomes following receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Proteins (n = 411 spots) resolved from neutrophil phagosome fractions were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and/or LC-MS/MS analysis. Those associated with phagocytic vacuoles originated from multiple subcellular compartments, including the cytosol, plasma membrane, specific and azurophilic granules, and cytoskeleton. Unexpectedly several enzymes typically associated with mitochondria were identified in phagosome fractions. Furthermore proteins characteristic of the endoplasmic reticulum, including 11 molecular chaperones, were resolved from phagosome preparations. Confocal microscopy confirmed that proteins representing these major subcellular compartments were enriched on phagosomes of intact neutrophils. Notably calnexin and glucose-regulated protein 78 co-localized with gp91(phox) in human neutrophils and were thus likely delivered to phagosomes by fusion of specific granules. We conclude that neutrophil phagosomes have heretofore unrecognized complexity and function, which includes potential for antigen processing events.
Ascorbate biosynthesis and function in photoprotection (2000)

Ascorbate (vitamin C) can reach very high concentrations in chloroplasts (20-300 mM). The pool size in leaves and chloroplasts increases during acclimation to high light intensity and the highest concentrations recorded are in high alpine plants. Multiple functions for ascorbate in photosynthesis have been proposed, including scavenging of active oxygen species generated by oxygen photoreduction and photorespiration, regeneration of alpha-tocopherol from alpha-tocopheryl radicals, cofactor for violaxanthin de-epoxidase and donation of electrons to photosystem II. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging is catalysed by ascorbate peroxidase (Mehler peroxidase reaction) and the subsequent regeneration of ascorbate by reductant derived from photosystem I allows electron flow in addition to that used for CO2 assimilation. Ascorbate is synthesized from guanosine diphosphate-mannose via L-galactose and L-galactono-1,4-lactone. The last step, catalysed by L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane and uses cytochrome c as electron acceptor. L-galactono-1,4-lactone oxidation to ascorbate by intact leaves is faster in high-light acclimated leaves and is also enhanced by high light, suggesting that this step contributes to the control of pool size by light. Ascorbate-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana vtc mutants are hypersensitive to a number of oxidative stresses including ozone and ultraviolet B radiation. Further investigation of these mutants shows that they have reduced zeaxanthin-dependent non-photochemical quenching, confirming that ascorbate is the cofactor for violaxanthin de-epoxidase and that availability of thylakoid lumen ascorbate could limit this reaction. The vtc mutants are also more sensitive to photo-oxidation imposed by combined high light and salt treatments.
A unified framework for computer-aided noise analysis of linear and nonlinear microwave circuits (1991)

A unified theoretical concept for noise analysis in analog and microwave circuits is introduced. Based on the adjoint system approach, an analysis technique for general-purpose CAD applications is presented. The algorithm is shown to be easy to implement in existing CAD tools and exploits the advantages of sparse matrix techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fuel Cells Vehicle Systems Analysis (Fuel Cell Freeze Investigation) (2005)

Presentation on Fuel Cells Vehicle Systems Analysis (Fuel Cell Freeze Investigation) for the 2005 Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Program Annual Review held in Arlington, Virginia on May 23-26, 2005.
A unified framework for grasping and shape acquisition via pretouch sensing (2013)

This paper presents a unified framework to enable automatic exploration with a pretouch sensor to reduce object shape uncertainty before grasping. The robot starts with only the incomplete object shape data it acquires from a Kinect depth sensor-it has no model of the object. Combining the Kinect pointcloud with prior probability distributions for occlusion and transparency, it makes inferences about portions of the object that the Kinect was not able to observe. Operating on the inferred shape of the object, an iterative grasp replanning and exploration algorithm decides when further exploration is required, and where to explore in the scene using the pretouch sensor. The information gathered by the exploration action is added directly to the robot's environment representation and is considered automatically in the next grasp planning iteration.
Analyzing passenger density for public bus: Inference of crowdedness and evaluation of scheduling choices (2014)

Bus service is an important public transportation. Besides the major goal of carrying passengers around, providing a comfortable travel experience for passengers is also an important business consideration. The crowdedness inside a bus can directly affect the number of people choosing the bus. Traditional approaches to obtain passenger density rely on field investigations, which are both non-scalable and incomplete. The wide adoptions of smart card fare collection systems and GPS tracing systems in public transportation provide new opportunities. In this paper, we associate these two independent datasets to derive the passenger density, and evaluate the effectiveness of scheduling choices. To our best knowledge, this is the first paper which utilizes smart card data and GPS data to calculate the passenger density of bus service.
Ultrasonic Treatment for Removal of Asphaltene Deposits During Petroleum Production (1994)

ABSTRACT Crude oils produced in many parts of the world contain asphaltenes. Asphaltenes are known to deposit in the vicinity of production wells during miscible floods or during thermodynamic changes. Asphaltene deposition leads to production loss and involves expensive corrective measures. This study proposes a new technique for cleaning asphaltenes with an ultrasonic device. A laboratory ultrasonic disruption device was used in this study to carry out experiments. A thin layer of asphaltene was applied to small glass beakers and the beakers were ultrasonically treated for different time periods at different amplitudes in aqueous and kerosene media, separately. Subsequent to ultrasonic treatment, the weight loss fractions were calculated. In a second series of experiments, a two inch long column of asphaltene/sand mixture was placed on top of a sand column in a flow cell, and the flow rates were measured before and after the ultrasonic treatment. The flow rates were correlated with those of sand packed columns in absence of asphaltenes. Experimental results indicated that the asphaltenes get disrupted effectively after a minimum exposure of one and a half minutes to ultrasonic radiation. However, the maximum amount of cleaning was noticed after an exposure of two minutes and at higher cycles that affect amplitude of the ultrasonic radiation. The increased flow rates measured after the treatment indicated that the technique can be used in an oil-field to disrupt, or desegregate asphaltenes from the vicinity of producing oil-wells. However, simultaneous pumping is recommended during the ultrasonic irradiation, to avoid the reprecipitation of the disrupted asphaltenes. The ultrasonic cleaning appears to be disrupting the maltenes that form a continuous phase to provide adhesive and ductile properties to the dispersed asphaltenes. If this technique is used, following scaled studies, in a field with a modified device, it can reduce the expenditure of taking corrective measures, and can provide technological breakthrough to petroleum industry.
On the diameter and size distributions of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)-based microspheres (2004)

A fluid mechanics-based correlation for the average size of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) microspheres, prepared using a water-in-oil emulsion technique, is presented. The correlation is formulated based on the theory of turbulent dispersion and a non-dimensional Weber number. Measured average diameters of the BSA microspheres prepared in olive oil at different stirring speeds are used to construct the correlation formula. The correlation gives good agreement with experimentally measured average diameters for a wide range of Weber numbers. This correlation is particularly useful to the pharmaceutical industry for predicting the size of encapsulated microspheres used in drug delivery prior to microsphere preparation. The effect of additives on microsphere size was also explored. The average diameter of the BSA microspheres was doubled by the addition of a bioadherent vitelline protein B solution. In addition, a Rosin-Rammler statistical distribution function is shown to accurately represent the microsphere size distribution obtained at different stirring speeds.
Incremental Single Point Forming (2000)

Abstract The process of single point incremental micro-plastic forming is presented. This process is used to form sheet metal into complicated shapes without the use of either a male or female die. The process uses a single point tool which plastically deforms sheet metal to give a local micro-deformation. By doing this incrementally, and controlling the tool path with a CNC mill, the plastically deformed points are, in effect, added as the tool moves to give a final shape. The sheet metal is held in place by a blank-holder which moves in a vertical plane on four posts. Deformation of the strip can be achieved in one of two ways: either with a supporting, fixed tool about which the single point forming tool moves or by inversion of the process in which the supporting, fixed tool is not used. The paper describes experiments with both techniques.
Comparative Study of the Sugar Chains of Alkaline Phosphatases Purified from Rat Liver and Rat AH–130 Hepatoma Cells (1996)

The N-linked sugar chains of alkaline phosphatases, purified from rat AH-130 hepatoma and from normal rat liver, were released quantitatively as oligosaccharides by hydrazinolysis and were labeled by reduction with NaB3H4. A comparative study of their structures revealed that following structural differences are induced by hepatocyte carcinogenesis: complex-type tetraantennary sugar chains and hybrid-type sugar chains appear; outer-chain moieties of the sugar chains of the hepatoma enzyme contain exclusively the Gal(Beta 1-4)GlcNAc groups (type 2 chains) but those of the normal enzyme contain other Gal(Beta 1-)GlcNAc groups and type 2 chains; and novel fucosylated high-mannose-type sugar chains are found in the oligosaccharides of the hepatoma enzyme.
MAC throughput limit analysis of slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN (2006)

IEEE 802.15.4 low-rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) are expected to provide ubiquitous networking between small personal/home devices and sensors with low power consumption and low cost features. The technology employs special CSMA/CA to save power consumption for battery-powered small or portable WPAN devices. In this letter, we present a new model for the slotted CSMA/CA of IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Control (MAC) and evaluate its throughput limit in order to grasp the characteristics of IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN.
New Radical-Control Method for SiO<sub>2</sub> Etching with Non-Perfluorocompound Gas Chemistries (1998)

To control radical generation in the etching of silicon dioxide, we propose a new radical control method using the iodofluorocarbon chemistries in ultra-high-frequency (UHF) plasma we developed. In the UHF plasma, the mean electron energy is about 2 eV and there are a small number of high-energy electrons. The plasma can only dissociate C-I bonds (2.0 eV) in the iodofluorocarbon plasma (CF 3 I, C 2 F 5 I) and it mainly generates CF 3 and CF 2 radicals. The ratio of each radical density can then be precisely controlled by changing the ratio of the mixture of CF 3 I and C 2 F 5 I. As a result, etching selectivity and microloading effects are drastically improved. The iodofluorocarbon species are also alternatives to perfluorocarbon chemistries (PFCs) from an environmental standpoint.
Multi‐Resolution Cloth Simulation (2010)

Abstract We propose a novel, multi‐resolution method to efficiently perform large‐scale cloth simulation. Our cloth simulation method is based on a triangle‐based energy model constructed from a cloth mesh. We identify that solutions of the linear system of cloth simulation are smooth in certain regions of the cloth mesh and solve the linear system on those regions in a reduced solution space. Then we reconstruct the original solutions by performing a simple interpolation from solutions computed in the reduced space. In order to identify regions where solutions are smooth, we propose simplification metrics that consider stretching, shear, and bending forces, as well as geometric collisions. Our multi‐resolution method can be applied to many existing cloth simulation methods, since our method works on a general linear system. In order to demonstrate benefits of our method, we apply our method into four large‐scale cloth benchmarks that consist of tens or hundreds of thousands of triangles. Because of the reduced computations, we achieve a performance improvement by a factor of up to one order of magnitude, with a little loss of simulation quality.
Erbium-doped glasses for fiber amplifiers at 1500 nm (1991)

Material-dependent properties influencing the performance of fiber amplifiers are reviewed together with the available data for Er/sup 3+/. The major glass types potentially useful in this application are considered and compared to silica. The topics addressed include quenching processes and the solubility of rare-earth ions, transition strengths and bandwidths at the 1500-nm gain transition, and the characteristics at the 800-, 980-, and 1480-nm pump bands. Aluminum is shown to be an extremely useful codopant for silica, improving its ability to dissolve rare-earth ions and providing desirable spectroscopic properties for Er/sup 3+/. For some of the attributes considered, other glasses have advantages over Al silica, but only with respect to gain bandwidth and pumping performance at 800 nm is significantly better than expected from other glass compositions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pathogenesis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Evidence of oxidant activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. (1983)

Evidence is presented indicating that oxidants are generated in lungs of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The evidence was derived from observations that alpha-1-PI, recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, had been inactivated by oxidation, presumably oxidation of the methionyl residue in the reaction site of the molecule. This was indicated by findings that activity of the alpha-1-PI could be restored by exposure to the reducing agent, dithiothreitol in the presence of methionyl sulfoxide peptide reductase. The amount of activity restored was proportional to the amount of inactive alpha-1-PI present at 52,000 D. Oxidation of the 52,000-D alpha-1-PI was also revealed by the finding that the inactive molecule was subject to proteolytic cleavage to 47,000 D when exposed to porcine pancreatic elastase, a characteristic of alpha-1-PI with oxidized methionyl residues in the reactive site. Inactivation of the alpha-1-PI in vivo also resulted from complexing to an active enzyme, shown previously to be neutrophil elastase, and from proteolytic cleavage in vivo, that produced a fragment of 47,000 mol wt. In contrast to that in BAL fluids, the alpha-1-PI in plasma of patients with respiratory distress syndrome was found to be greater than 90% active in 14 of 22 cases and 50-90% active in 8 cases. This suggested that for the most part, alpha-1-PI was inactivated after leaving the vessels and entering the lung. The circulating alpha-1-PI in patients with the respiratory distress syndrome was found to be equally susceptible to oxidative inactivation as alpha-1-PI from normal individuals. It seems improbable therefore that patients develop ARDS because of labile alpha-1-PI inhibitor.
Borehole deployment of fiber optic distributed temperature sensors (2003)

Two fiber optic DTS systems were deployed and evaluated in oil and gas wells. Extended testing at 5,000 and 3,000 foot depths was performed to characterize the stability of the sensors. Long-term stability of less than 0.4°C rms and short-term stability of 0.05°C rms were observed. Ease of fiber optic sensor array deployment was proven, as well as the feasibility of remote real time monitoring of downhole temperature distributions.