gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-assembled monolayers in electroanalytical chemistry: Application of .omega.-mercaptocarboxylic acid monolayers for electrochemical determination of ultralow levels of cadmium(II) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-assembled monolayers in electroanalytical chemistry: Application of .omega.-mercaptocarboxylic acid monolayers for electrochemical determination of ultralow levels of cadmium(II)Iva. Turyan and Daniel. MandlerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 1, 58–63Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00073a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00073a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views498Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computers in Translation (2002)

Preface 1. Introduction and Overview John Newton 2. The Story So Far: An Evaluation of Machine Translation in the World Today Jeanette Pugh 3. Made to Measure Solutions Annette Grimaila and John Chandioux 4. The Perkins Experience John Newton 5. Machine Translation in a High-Volume Translation Environment Muriel Vasconcellos and Dale A. Bostad 6. Esperanto as an Intermediate Language Klaus Schubert 7. Limitations of Computers as Translation Tools Alex Gross 8. Computerised Term Banks and Translation Patricia Thomas 9. The Translator Workstation Alan Melby 10. Systran: It Obviously Works, But How Can it be Improved? Yorick Wilks 11. Current Research in Machine Translation Harold L. Somers Bibliography Glossary of Terms Index
Mini-stopbands of a one-dimensional system: The channel waveguide in a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2001)

We show that a channel waveguide in a two-dimensional photonic crystal channel can be considered as a periodic one-dimensional system. Waveguides were fabricated into a ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ waveguide heterostructure and the waveguide transmission was measured by detecting the guided photoluminescence of embedded InAs quantum dots excited near the guide entrance. Mini-stopbands related to anticrossings in the dispersion were observed and the spectral location and width of these transmission stopbands is found to agree well with calculated values.
Mechanistic Aspects of the Kharasch Addition Reaction Catalyzed by Organonickel(II) Complexes Containing the Monoanionic Terdentate Aryldiamine Ligand System [C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-2,6-R-4]<sup>-</sup> (1997)

The addition reaction of polyhalogenated alkanes to alkenes (Kharasch addition reaction) is homogeneously catalyzed in the absence of O2 under mild reaction conditions (25 °C) by the arylnickel complexes [NiII{C6H2(CH2NMe2)2-2,6-R-4}Br] (R = H, MeC(O), Cl, MeO, NH2) and shows a high selectivity for the 1:1 adduct. Kinetic data on the catalytic system with [Ni{C6H3(CH2NMe2)2-2,6}Br] (R = H; abbreviated as [Ni(NCN)Br]), methyl methacrylate, and CCl4 reveal a rate of reaction that is first order in nickel complex and in alkene. In our series of para-substituted arylnickel catalysts, the rate of catalysis increases with the electron donating character of the para substituents on the aryl ligand and this rate correlates directly with the NiII/NiIII redox potential. These data, together with separate spectroscopic studies and results from individual experiments employing other solvents, other polyhalogenated alkanes such as CBr4 and CF3CCl3 and other alkene substrates such as styrene, 1-octene, and cyclohexene, lead to the proposal of a catalytic cycle based on a nonchain mechanism with a mononuclear nickel species. Before or in the rate-determining step oxidation of the Ni(II) center to a d7 arylnickel(III) species occurs by a single electron transfer and halide transfer from the polyhalogenated alkane in an inner-sphere activated complex [Ni(NCN)(μ-Cl)CCl4]. This step generates an organic radical intermediate which is proposed to stay in the coordination sphere of the metal where it reacts with the alkene. The reaction rate decreases with an increase in the steric congestion at the N-donor centers in derivatives of the [Ni(NCN)Br] catalyst (i.e., NMe2 > NEt2 > NMe(i-Pr) > NMe(t-Bu)). This behavior is consistent with the characteristics for an inner-sphere electron-transfer process. Selective 1:1 Kharasch product formation then results from a chain transfer in the Ni(III) coordination sphere by the reverse process, i.e., single electron transfer with concomitant halide transfer. Important conclusions of this study are that the initially active site of the catalyst is the Ni−X unit (X = halide) and that activation of CCl4 occurs in the absence of a free coordination site.
Point of care testing for improving risk- benefit ratio of aspirin and warfarin (2014)

The increase in identification of putative biomarkers and opportunities to develop tailored treatments are due to emergence of omics technologies. Application of pharmacogenetic knowledge with the help of quick and cheap companion diagnostics in the primary care setting is expected to deliver improved treatment and reduced heathcare costs. Warfarin and aspirin are the two most widely prescribed drugs for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Long term aspirin use has also been shown to reduce risk, recurrence and mortality from colorectal cancer. However, they both have narrow therapeutic windows and several genetic polymorphisms have been noted to influence their dose and efficacy. We therefore have launched two collaborative projects: first, to study the genetics of warfarin safety in the Gujarati Indian population and second, to identify further polymorphisms that modulates aspirin’s colorectal cancer chemopreventive efficacy. Understanding the impact of polymorphisms on dose and efficacy for these drugs would lead to development of a combined panel of markers that would predict accurate therapeutic dose with minimal risk for adverse reactions. These markers will be deployed at the point of care settings using a novel handheld genotyping device which will use disposable microfluidic cassettes and silicon nanowires currently developed by QuantuMDx. Results, future work, opportunities and barriers will be examined.
Commissioning 8000 Km of Subsea Pipelines (2006)

Since 1985 Statoil has installed and commissioned approximately 8000 km of subsea pipelines in the North Sea. Among these are several of the world’s largest offshore gas trunklines as well as some of the most complex subsea developments. Commissioning and pigging these pipelines represented several challenges, and the accumulated experience gained through successfully commissioning these pipelines has brought Statoil to the forefront of the pipeline industry. This article discusses several topics within pipeline commissioning and presents relevant field experience.
A Flexible Noise Model For Designing Maps (2001)

In this paper, we propose a flexible noise model for multi-dimensional map synthesis. This model allows the generation of a very varied range of maps, that can be used as perturbation functions, for the generation of color textures, or as bump or displacement maps, for geometric deformation of surface or volume objects.
A family of continuous-conduction-mode power-factor-correction controllers based on the general pulse-width modulator (1998)

This paper presents a family of constant-switching-frequency pulse-width-modulated controllers for single-phase power-factor-correction (PFC) circuits that operate at continuous-conduction mode (CCM). Both trailing- and leading-edge pulse-width modulation (PWM) are used. These controllers do not require the multiplier and rectified-line-voltage sensor, which are needed by traditional control methods, and they can be implemented with a unified control circuit. Controller examples are analyzed and verified experimentally.
<title>Flitedeck 3D on the MX20</title> (2002)

Today's Jeppesen approach charts depict a plan view approach chart that includes approach procedure, terrain, obstacle, and airport information. The vertical profile of the procedure is replicated in a chart underneath. TO integrate plan view and vertical chart elements, a 3D display format was realized. It combines all geometric chart elements into a Synthetic Vision System. It depicts 3D tunnel in the sky, terrain, obstacles, and airport information. Color coding is identical to Jeppesen charts. Symbology is extruded from 2D chart symbology. This approach might be excellent for pilots acquainted to the conventional charts.
Thermal Analysis of Insulation Design for a Thermal Energy Storage Silo Containment for Long-Duration Electricity Storage (2020)

Greater renewable energy penetration requires increasing energy storage capacity. Long-duration energy storage (LDES) will be required to balance intermittent renewable energy supply with daily, weekly, and even seasonal supply changes. At these timescales, traditional electrochemical batteries become uneconomical. Solid-particle thermal energy storage (TES) is a viable solution to this issue. Solid particles can achieve higher temperatures (>1100°C) than the molten salt used in traditional concentrated solar power (CSP) TES systems. Higher temperatures yield higher power cycle thermal-electrical conversion efficiencies. However, at these higher temperatures, greater heat loss and insulation material cost could negate the efficiency benefits. In this work, the insulation design of a full-size 3D containment silo capable of storing 5.51 GWht for the purpose of LDES for grid electricity was thermally analyzed. Proposed operating conditions were simulated using transient FEA methods. After five days (120 hours) of storage, less than 3% thermal energy loss was achieved at a design storage temperature of 1200°C. Material thermal limits were considered and met. Sensitivity of the storage system’s performance to operational, climate, and temporal changes were also studied. These changes had minimal impacts on the thermal efficiency of the system but did have meaningful implications for other aspects of the insulation design.
Enhancing color representation for anomalous trichromats on CRT monitors (2000)

Cathode ray tube (CRT) displays are probably the most widely used color imaging devices, and include TV sets and computer monitors. Although the CRT color representations are adequate for people with normal color vision, color-deficient users would be expected to experience problems of color identification and discrimination with CRT images, just as they do with “real life” objects. A theoretical method is proposed for combining specially designed filters with the unique spectral emission characteristics of the CRT phosphors for enabling certain types of color anomalous trichromats to see the color of the displayed images as a person with normal color vision would see the CRT. Given the spectral emission curves of the CRT phosphors and the sensitivity curve of the color-deficient eye, the relative sensation levels of the L, M, and S cones can be calculated. Applying an optimized color filter and a neutral adaptation background illumination, the L, M, and S sensation ratios can be modified to achieve the normal values. A numerical method is presented to design the filter transmission curve and to verify the L, M, and S cone sensation ratios. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, S273–S276, 2001
Myocardial adrenergic denervation supersensitivity depends on a postreceptor mechanism not linked with increased cAMP production. (1992)

We have demonstrated that substantial, long-term myocardial adrenergic denervation is possible using 6-OHDA. Denervation supersensitivity in this model does not depend on enhanced cAMP stimulation but rather depends on postreceptor elements in the beta AR-responsive pathway that may be independent of Gs-activated adenylyl cyclase activity. In this model of adrenergic denervation supersensitivity, beta-receptors, through Gs, may be linked to an alternative effector that drives heart rate responsiveness.
Stochastic Neural Networks with Monotonic Activation Functions (2016)

We propose a Laplace approximation that creates a stochastic unit from any smooth monotonic activation function, using only Gaussian noise. This paper investigates the application of this stochastic approximation in training a family of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) that are closely linked to Bregman divergences. This family, that we call exponential family RBM (Exp-RBM), is a subset of the exponential family Harmoniums that expresses family members through a choice of smooth monotonic non-linearity for each neuron. Using contrastive divergence along with our Gaussian approximation, we show that Exp-RBM can learn useful representations using novel stochastic units.
Exposure to the Opioid Antagonist Naltrexone throughout Gestation Alters Postnatal Heart Development (2002)

The influence of endogenous opioid blockade by naltrexone during prenatal life on postnatal heart development was studied in rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received daily injections of 50 mg/kg naltrexone (NTX) or saline throughout gestation; offspring were cross-fostered at birth to mothers not receiving NTX. In general, NTX-treated offspring weighed more than controls throughout preweaning life, whereas heart weights were often increased from age-matched controls up to 35 days. Biochemical analyses of nucleic acids and protein demonstrated that DNA and protein content were increased throughout development in NTX-treated animals relative to controls. Morphometric analyses revealed increases in total area of the heart and myocardial area in NTX-exposed rats relative to control levels. These data suggest that endogenous opioids function to regulate cardiac growth during the prenatal period, and that disruption of this process has long-term implication for cardiac biology.
Efficient human hand kinematics for manipulation tasks (2008)

This work is focused on obtaining efficient human hand models that are suitable for manipulation tasks. A 24 DoF kinematic model of the human hand is defined to realistic movements. This model is based on the human skeleton. Dynamic and Static constraints have been included in order to improve the movement realism. Two simplified hand models with 9 and 6 DoF have been developed according to the constraints predefined. These simplified models involve some errors in reconstructing the hand posture. These errors are calculated with respect to the 24 DoF model and evaluated according to the hand gestures. Finally, some criteria are defined to select the hand description best suited to the features of the manipulation task.
The distribution of trypsin‐like enzyme activity in cultures of a virulent and an a virulent strain of <i>Bacteroides gingivalis</i> W50 (1989)

The distribution of trypsin‐like enzyme activity was studied in 48‐ and 72‐h batch cultures of Bacteroides gingivalis W50 and an avirulent variant (W50/BE1) of the parent strain. Activity was measured at pH 7.4 in cells, the extracellular vesicle (ECV) and soluble extracellular protein (EP) fractions recovered by ammonium sulphate precipitation from spent growth medium. Both organisms produced cell surface and extracellular vesicles, but whilst strain W50 produced more ECV, W50/ BE1 yielded more of the EP fraction by weight. Whole cultures of W50 displayed a three‐fold greater trypsin activity than those of W50/BE1. However, 90% of the total enzyme activity of W50 cultures was associated with the particulate fraction (cells and ECV totalled), whereas this fraction accounted for only 10‐30% of the total for W50/BE1. Unlike W50/BE1, the specific activities of W50 cells and ECV rose in 72‐h cultures. Conversely, cultures of W50/BE1 displayed an increase in the yield and specific activity of the EP fraction.
APPLICATION OF MINIMUM CURVATURE METHOD TO WELLPATH CALCULATIONS (2010)

A major drawback of directional and horizontal well drilling is the numerous complex computations required to be done while planning a well. These computations are very stressful and time consuming especially when done manually. The aim of this study was to assess the application of minimum curvature method to wellpath calculations. Therefore this study developed a user friendly Excel Spreadsheet program that would make the computations of the well trajectory parameters easier, faster and accurate. An Excel Spreadsheet program was developed employing the Minimum Curvature method (and for other five methods) for wellpath design and planning. This would help increase the usage of these trajectory methods especially the Minimum Curvature method. The program was able to provide pictorial views both in the vertical and horizontal plane of the trajectory of the drilling bit's position in the wellbore. This would therefore help to minimize risk and uncertainty surrounding hitting predetermined target. This is possible because deviations can easily be detected and the necessary directional corrections or adjustment be initiated to re-orient the drilling bit to the right course before (planning process) and during the drilling operations.
Allyl sulfides and α‐substituted acrylates as addition–fragmentation chain transfer agents for methacrylate polymer networks (2015)

ABSTRACT The rapid and uncontrolled nature of network formation from di(meth)acrylate monomers produces high shrinkage stress and results in polymers with oftentimes brittle mechanical properties. Methods for regulating polymerization and network formation are sought. One option is the use of addition–fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) agents, which are well known to control molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of monofunctional (meth)acrylates. A series of novel and previously described AFCT reagents were synthesized and screened with laser flash photolysis to determine reactivity. Well‐performing AFCT reagents were then tested in polymerizations with monofunctional and difunctional methacrylates. With monofunctional monomers, the molecular weight and polydispersity of the resultant linear polymers tend to decrease with the addition of AFCT agent. In copolymerization with dimethacrylate monomers, the AFCT agents were found to substantially lower and sharpen the glass transition. Sharpness of the glass transition is here indicative of a more regular and homogenous network. After coupling of the instruments, photorheology was performed simultaneously with real‐time IR to show an increase in monomer conversion at the time of gelation, which appears to have a positive effect on reducing shrinkage stress. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54 , 394–406
A Highly Porous Metal–Organic Framework: Structural Transformations of a Guest‐Free MOF Depending on Activation Method and Temperature (2011)

A doubly interpenetrating porous metal-organic framework (SNU-77) has been synthesized from the solvothermal reaction of the extended carboxylic acid tris(4'-carboxybiphenyl)amine (H(3)TCBPA) and Zn(NO(3))(2)⋅6H(2)O in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA). SNU-77 undergoes single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations during various activation processes, such as room-temperature evacuation, supercritical CO(2) drying, and high temperature evacuation, to afford SNU-77R, SNU-77S, and SNU-77H, respectively. These guest-free MOFs exhibited different fine structures with different window shapes and different effective window sizes at room temperature. Variable-temperature synchrotron single-crystal X-ray analyses reveal that the guest-free structure is also affected by changes in temperature. Despite the different fine structures, SNU-77R, SNU-77S, and SNU-77H show similar gas sorption properties due to the nonbreathing nature of the framework and an additional structural change upon cooling to cryogenic gas sorption temperature. SNU-77H exhibits a large surface area (BET, 3670 m(2) g(-1)), a large pore volume (1.52 cm(3) g(-1)), and exceptionally high uptake capacities for N(2), H(2), O(2), CO(2), and CH(4) gases.
Resonance Fluorescence of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Na</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>23</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>Above 3 MeV (1972)

Five levels in $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ were studied using nuclear resonance fluorescence. A previously reported level at 3.91 MeV was identified as a doublet with levels at 3914.0 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.8 and 3916.3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.8 keV. Levels of 5375.8 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.7, 5742.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.9, and 5768.3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.9 keV have widths ($g\ensuremath{\Gamma}$) of ${2.45}_{\ensuremath{-}0.41}^{+0.48}$, ${1.29}_{\ensuremath{-}0.09}^{+0.10}$, and ${0.62}_{\ensuremath{-}0.04}^{+0.05}$ eV, respectively, as measured by self-absorption experiments. The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray branching ratios for these levels were measured with a 40-${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ Ge(Li) spectrometer.
The QT‐Sensitive Cybernetic Pacemaker: A New Role for an Old Parameter? (1986)

A critical review of the available data on QT interval is presented to delineate techniques useful to the development of a QT-sensitive cybernetic pacemaker. The reason for the development of this unit stems from the ability of QT prolongation to predict the onset of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in some clinical situations; the QT interval is physiologically related to the cardiac cycle length, therefore providing adequate information to drive both ventricular and atrioventricular sequential rate-responsive pacemakers. This unit might also monitor cardiac rhythm and detect the pathophysiologic precursors of advanced grades of ventricular arrhythmias. A therapeutic role, both pharmacologic and electrical, may also be possible in the future. Integration of these concepts and cooperation between interested physicians, technicians and manufactors will be necessary to produce such a unit at a low cost-benefit ratio. The potential clinical application of this pacemaker deserves attention for the prophylaxis and treatment of sudden arrhythmic death.