gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generative Models and Bayesian Model Comparison for Shape Recognition (2004)

Recognition of hand-drawn shapes is an important and widely studied problem. By adopting a generative probabilistic framework we are able to formulate a robust and flexible approach to shape recognition which allows for a wide range of shapes and which can recognize new shapes from a single exemplar. It also provides meaningful probabilistic measures of model score, which can be used as part of a larger probabilistic framework for interpreting a page of ink. We also show how Bayesian model comparison allows the trade-off between data fit and model complexity to be optimized automatically.
Endothelial cell damage and thrombus formation after partial arterial constriction: relevance to the role of coronary artery spasm in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. (1981)

The left anterior descending coronary artery of four dogs and the right common carotid artery of 15 rabbits were subjected to 40-60% reduction in transluminal diameter for 1 hour by partial ligation with suture thread. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the luminal surface of these vessels revealed endothelial craters and balloons, fragmentation and desquamation on the proximal slope of the constriction. Platelet attachment to exposed subendothelial tissues was clearly evident, and microthrombi were seen at the point of maximum constriction. Blood flow, as measured by electromagnetic flow probe, was virtually unchanged upon partial ligation. In control studies, where a second ligature was placed proximal to and before the first to reduce blood to the distal constriction site substantially or totally, endothelial desquamation was found in only one of 14 animals, and the number of craters and balloons was significantly reduced. We suggest that endothelial damage and thrombus formation may occur at the site of focal arterial constriction even when the reduction in transluminal diameter is insufficient to alter substantially the rate of flow.
An Experimental Study of 30CMM Solar Transpired Collector and Cyclone(STCC) System on Indoor Air Dust Removal Performance (2005)

Higher requirement of advanced building design code and the development of construction technique have resulted in more thermal and air tight buildings. This has caused the sick building syndrome in a indoor air quality has been relatively getting worse. A new concept with a solar fresh air heating and electrostatic precipitator or called as STCC(Solar Transpired Collector and Cyclone) has been proposed to solve this IAQ issue. This paper describes the assessment study of STCC system under different outdoor airflow rates. The experiment was carried out under real condition with 30CMM STCC system test facility. Incense smoke was used to study the particle concentration decay trends under outdoor airflow rates 0CMM, 10CMM, 20CMM, 30CMM, with applied voltages of 5kV and 15kV for collecting and discharging electrodes of an Electrostatic Precipitator. Result shows that the particle decay increases by increasing the outdoor airflow rates. The collection efficiency, dust cleaning effectiveness(P) and application area calculation result comparisons have also been studied. This factors could be used to estimate how a dust of indoor air quality(IAQ) and removed for a building space with a STCC system.
Immunization of Broiler Chicks by in Ovo Injection of Infective Stages of Eimeria (2004)

Immunization of chickens by in ovo injection of infective stages of 5 species of Eimeria was investigated. Fertile Hubbard x Petersen broiler chicken eggs were injected through the air cell on d 18 of incubation with oocysts of E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. mitis, E. praecox, or E. brunetti. Injected doses of all species ranged from 1 x 10(2) to 1 x 10(6) sporulated oocysts per egg. Chicks receiving oocysts in ovo shed oocysts posthatch. After 2 wk in wire-floored cages, birds were given a challenge infection with the homologous Eimeria species. Chicks immunized by in ovo injection of oocysts had significantly reduced lesion scores, improved weight gain, or reduced oocyst output compared with their nonimmunized counterparts. In additional studies, eggs were injected with 1 x 10(5) sporozoites of E. tenella, E. maxima, or E. acervulina per egg. Sporozoites of E. acervulina were not infective for chick embryos when administered in phosphate-buffered saline, but if sporozoites were suspended in tissue culture medium when injected in ovo, hatched chicks shed oocysts with peak output occurring 3 to 4 d posthatch. Sporozoites of E. maxima and E. tenella were infective for 18-d-old embryos regardless of the vehicle. The results demonstrate that immunization of broiler chickens against several species of coccidia by in ovo injection of oocysts is feasible. The infectivity of sporozoites for 18-d-old chick embryos varied depending on the species of Eimeria and the vehicle in which the sporozoites were suspended prior to injection.
Sub-structure of synthetic casein micelles (1979)

Casein micelles of different composition were synthesized in various ways and their sub-structure was investigated with the electron microscope by means of thin sections. Earlier studies of Schmidt et al. (1974) using the freeze-fracturing technique had shown no differences in the sub-structure of natural micelles and artificial micelles containing Ca and casein only. Contrary to these results our present studies showed that for the production of synthetic casein micelles with the same sub-structure as the natural ones it is necessary to add at least 2 other ions to the casein solution besides Ca2+: these are phosphate and citrate. The citrate ions play an important role in forming the material of the dark framework of the micelles visible in electron micrographs of unstained thin sections. This supports the hypothesis of Pyne & McGann (1960) that casein micelles contain a citrate apatite.
Remediation technologies screening matrix and reference guide. Second edition. Final report (1994)

This guide is intended to be used to screen and evaluate candidate cleanup technologies for contaminated installations and waste sites in order to assist remedial project managers (RPMs) in selecting a remedial alternative. The guide allows the reader to gather essential descriptive information on the respective treatment technologies. It incorporates cost and performance data to the maximum extent available and focuses primarily on demonstrated technologies; however, emerging technologies may be more appropriate in some cases, based upon site conditions and requirement. These technologies are applicable at all types of site cleanups: Superfund, DOD, DOE, RCRA, state, private, etc.
Novel AGLP-1 albumin fusion protein as a long-lasting agent for type 2 diabetes (2013)

Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates glucose mediated-insulin secretion, nutrient accumulation, and β-cell growth. Despite the potential therapeutic usage for type 2 diabetes (T2D), GLP-1 has a short half-life in vivo (t(1/2) <2 min). In an attempt to prolong half-life, GLP-1 fusion proteins were genetically engineered: GLP-1 human serum albumin fusion (GLP-1/HSA), AGLP-1/HSA which has an additional alanine at the N-terminus of GLP-1, and AGLP-1-L/HSA, in which a peptide linker is inserted between AGLP-1 and HSA. Recombinant fusion proteins secreted from the Chinese Hamster Ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) cell line were purified with high purity (>96%). AGLP-1 fusion protein was resistant against the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). The fusion proteins activated cAMP-mediated signaling in rat insulinoma INS-1 cells. Furthermore, a C57BL/6N mice pharmacodynamics study exhibited that AGLP-1-L/HSA effectively reduced blood glucose level compared to AGLP-1/HSA.
[Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases. 32. Inhibition of trypsin, plasmin and thrombin by amides of N-alpha-substituted 4-amidinophenylalanine. Effect of various amino acids and blocking groups of the n-alpha residue on inhibitory activity]. (1987)

Cyclic amides of N alpha-arylsulfonylated 4-amidinophenylalanine are specific, highly potent inhibitors of thrombin. Introduction of amino acids between the arylsulfonyl blocking group and amino nitrogen influence particularly the antithrombin activity. By the use of glycine as spacer the compounds become tight binding thrombin inhibitors, while introduction of other omega-amino acids, Gly-Gly, L-Pro, Gly-L-Pro or L-Pro-Gly, reduces the specificity and potency of thrombin inhibition. Substitution of the arylsulfonyl blocking group for a heteroarylsulfonyl residue or an aryl residue causes a decrease in antithrombin activity, while substitution for a benzoyloxycarbonyl blocking group has only slight influence. It is concluded that the N alpha-moiety is of decisive importance for the antithrombin activity of derivatives of 4-amidinophenylalanine.
Multiple Coordination Geometries Supported by Methylene-Linked Guanidines (2004)

The methylene-linked bicyclic guanidine based on the 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine (hppH) framework provides a versatile platform able to support trigonal-planar, tetrahedral, and square-planar metal centers.
Friction and Wear Behavior of Metal Matrix-Graphite Fiber Composites (1975)

The wear and friction properties of metal matrix-graphite fiber composites produced through the process of liquid-metal infiltration were determined in the unlubricated condition at room temperature. Stationary slider specimens were pressed against rotating steel rings at loads between 3 and 30 N and at a sliding speed of 0.684 m/sec. The materials examined include a variety of matrix materials (several aluminum alloys, copper, and tin) infiltrated into a variety of continuous graphite fibers (rayon and polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers). The results indicate that the type of fiber significantly influences the tribological behavior of the aluminum alloy matrix composites. No significant effect of fiber orientation with respect to the wear and friction properties was observed. Except for the aluminum alloy-rayon precursor fiber composite, the wear rates and friction of the metal matrix-graphite fiber composites are superior to those of the unreinforced matrix material.
The effect of blockade of kappa-opioid receptors in the medial basal hypothalamus and medial preoptic area on luteinizing hormone release during midpregnancy in the rat (1992)

The objective of this study was to determine if kappa-opioid receptors present in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) are involved in opioid peptide suppression of LH secretion during midpregnancy (day 13-16) in the rat. Nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), a selective antagonist of brain kappa-opioid receptors, was applied directly to the MPOA or MBH for 3.5 h by means of push-pull perfusion. Nor-BNI perfusion in the MBH produced a dose-dependent increase in LH pulse frequency as well as increases in blood LH level. The effect on amplitude could not be determined, since too few pulses occurred in cerebrospinal fluid-treated control rats. Nor-BNI perfusion in the MPOA also increased LH pulse frequency. Moreover, in the majority (62%) of rats perfused with nor-BNI in the MPOA, the final 1.5 h of perfusion were unexpectedly characterized by an increase in LH that was of greater magnitude and more prolonged than an LH pulse and produced an elevation in blood LH levels. This delayed LH response did not occur in any rat perfused in the MBH. Perfusion with nor-BNI in the diagonal band of Broca had no significant effect on LH secretion. The LH responses observed during nor-BNI perfusion in the MPOA or MBH were not due to spread to the third ventricle and subsequent diffusion via the cerebrospinal fluid to another brain site, since perfusion with nor-BNI in an area of the ventral thalamus close to the third ventricle had no effect on LH release. These results provide support for the involvement of kappa-opioid receptor-mediated mechanisms in both the MPOA and MBH in the suppression of LH secretion during midgestation in the rat.
Energy Expenditure and Intake in Infants Born to Lean and Overweight Mothers (1988)

We investigated the contributions of low energy expenditure and high energy intake to excessive weight gain in infants born to overweight mothers. The subjects were infants of 6 lean and 12 overweight mothers, recruited soon after birth. Total energy expenditure and metabolizable energy intake were measured with a new doubly labeled water method over a period of seven days when the infants were 3 months of age, and the postprandial metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry when the infants were 0.1 and 3 months of age. The results were related to weight gain in the first year of life. No significant difference was observed between infants who became overweight by the age of one year (50 percent of infants born to overweight mothers) and those who did not, with respect to weight, length, skinfold thicknesses, metabolic rate at 0.1 and 3 months of age, and metabolizable energy intake at 3 months. However, total energy expenditure at three months of age was 20.7 percent lower in the infants who became overweight than in the other infants (means +/- SE, 256 +/- 27 and 323 +/- 12 kJ per kilogram of body weight per day; P less than 0.05). This difference could account for the mean difference in weight gain. These data suggest that reduced energy expenditure, particularly on physical activity, was an important factor in the rapid weight gain during the first year of life in infants born to overweight mothers.
원보 ; 두릅나무 근피의 혈당강하 성분에 관한 연구 (2) - 유효성분의 분리 및 작용 - (1993)

An antihyperglycemic compound in a model of alloxan induced diabetic rats was isolated from the root bark of Aralia elata. The compound identified to be oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside was active at a dose of 100 ㎎/㎏ p.o. in the rats. It also has increased the contents of liver glycogen which were lowered by injection of alloxan in the rats.
A soft-imprint technique for submicron structure fabrication via<i>in situ</i>polymerization (2003)

We have investigated a novel soft-imprint technique for the fabrication of submicron scale polymer structures that can be simply performed at room temperature by polymerization with an elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mould. The proposed technique is a simple, cheap and reproducible method for the patterning of large areas, and that allows the transfer of polymer patterns at the submicron scale without high pressures. The PDMS mould is placed on a fluid mixture of prepolymer and monomer after a brief UV exposure, full polymerization follows, and then the mould is removed. SEM and AFM observations confirm that the submicron scale polymer structures are produced without any defect or distortion and with good pattern fidelity over a large area.
Large format high operability low cost infrared focal plane array performance and capabilities (2011)

Large format detector arrays are responsive uniformly over spectral 1-5μm wavelength range and are available with RVS' high quality HgCdTe detector epitaxial layers on large area 15 cm diameter wafers. Large wafers enable both low cost High Definition (HD) staring FPAs, as well as the ability to approach giga-pixel format detector arrays with a seamless 10cm ×10cm continuous image plane size possible. With a 15 cm diameter detector substrate it is a straightforward growth path to a 5k×5k μm pitch 25 Mega-pixel infrared focal plane array (FPA) with smaller pitches allowing even greater format along the 10cm die length. This paper describes arrays 1.5 to 4 Mega-pixel infrared HgCdTe developed by RVS for demanding higher performance applications. Performance data for both the detector and ROIC for typical SWIR and MWIR FPAs operating at 85K will be presented. This paper will provide FPA performance capability for small pitch large format HgCdTe/Si detector arrays fabricated at RVS and manufacturing readiness low cost Mega-pixel infrared FPAs for current and future wide FOV high-resolution systems.
Import and fate of fluorescent analogs of oxidized phospholipids in vascular smooth muscle cells (2006)

Lipid oxidation is now thought to be an initiating and sustaining event in atherogenesis. Oxidatively fragmented phospholipids, namely 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PGPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC), present in minimally modified LDL and atherosclerotic lesions, have been reported to elicit a wide range of pathophysiological responses in the cells of the vascular wall. Nevertheless, the question of their potential sites of action and their primary molecular targets remains open. To address this issue, a series of fluorescently labeled analogs, which differ with regard to structure and binding site of the fluorophore, were synthesized and used as tools for studying the uptake, intracellular stability, and distribution of PGPC and POVPC in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We demonstrate that in accordance with their lysophospholipid-like structure, these highly similar molecules transferred rapidly either from aqueous phospholipid dispersions or preloaded native LDL into VSMCs, producing disparate fluorescence patterns irrespective of the attached fluorophore. PGPC derivatives were translocated to the lysosomes. In sharp contrast, POVPC analogs were initially captured in the plasma membrane, most likely in consequence of the formation of covalent adducts with free amino and sulfhydryl groups of proteins and phospholipids. LDL internalization is not required for cellular lipid uptake. Collectively, our data provide evidence that oxidized phospholipids, owing to their high exchangeability between lipoproteins and cell membranes, may act within a short time on different cellular sites in VSMCs and affect various lipid and protein components through physical or chemical interactions, which might then serve as starting points for intracellular signaling.
High-speed Complex Admittance/permittivity Needle Probe for Investigation of Multiphase Flows (2006)

For the investigation of three- or multiphase flows, which are of interest for instance in the chemical engineering or in oil extraction and processing, there are only few suitable measuring techniques. For this reason we have developed a high-speed complex admittance/permittivity needle probe. Such probes are able to distinguish the different phases or components of a flow by measuring the complex value of the electrical admittance/permittivity at a high data rate (up to 10,000 samples/s). The performance of the system as well as its ability to differentiate some organic substances has been analyzed. A preliminary time resolved experiment in a gasoline-air-water flow is also presented.
Comparison of Several Detector Technologies for Measurement of Special Nuclear Materials (2003)

Gamma spectral analysis of measurements made on Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) provides identification and sometimes quantification of the SNM present. Different radiation detection technologies have been used for measurement of SNM. Selection of one of these for a particular application depends on the information that can be obtained using that detector and on the support needed to use the detection technology, especially if it is to be applied at sites where limited support is available. In some cases, detector selection may be determined by a need to limit the information available from measurements due to international treaty requirements. There are many studies of system capabilities in SNM measurement. Most of these used either scintillator or high-resolution (HPGe) detectors embedded in a unique electronics and software combination. Their respective developers claimed good results for their instrument. Unfortunately, the packaging often obscured the question of what can be obtained from various detector technologies. While instrumentation and analysis is important, a study comparing only detector characteristics would serve as a starting point for development of systems for SMN measurement. Our detector study consisted of measurements on shielded and unshielded high-enriched uranium and Plutonium sources using detectors: NaI(Tl), Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT), Mercuric Iodide (HgI2), and two HPGe detectors, one with liquid nitrogen cooling and one with electromechanical cooling. Measurements were made simultaneously using all detectors. As expected, all detectors are suitable for SNM measurements in cases where one radionuclide, such as 235U, is the dominant constituent, but only the high-resolution detectors are suitable for isotopic composition determinations using standard spectroscopic analysis. Room temperature semiconductor detectors (CZT, HgI2) can provide limited isotopic information. Development of improved analysis algorithms for room-temperature se
Gene expression analysis in pregnant women and their infants identifies unique fetal biomarkers that circulate in maternal blood (2007)

The discovery of fetal mRNA transcripts in the maternal circulation holds great promise for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. To identify potential fetal biomarkers, we studied whole blood and plasma gene transcripts that were common to 9 term pregnant women and their newborns but absent or reduced in the mothers postpartum. RNA was isolated from peripheral or umbilical blood and hybridized to gene expression arrays. Gene expression, paired Student's t test, and pathway analyses were performed. In whole blood, 157 gene transcripts met statistical significance. These fetal biomarkers included 27 developmental genes, 5 sensory perception genes, and 22 genes involved in neonatal physiology. Transcripts were predominantly expressed or restricted to the fetus, the embryo, or the neonate. Real-time RT-PCR amplification confirmed the presence of specific gene transcripts; SNP analysis demonstrated the presence of 3 fetal transcripts in maternal antepartum blood. Comparison of whole blood and plasma samples from the same pregnant woman suggested that placental genes are more easily detected in plasma. We conclude that fetal and placental mRNA circulates in the blood of pregnant women. Transcriptional analysis of maternal whole blood identifies a unique set of biologically diverse fetal genes and has a multitude of clinical applications.
A Remarkable Increase in Total Homocysteine Concentrations in the CSF of Migraine Patients With Aura (2010)

These findings suggest that an increase of total HC concentration in the brain is commonly seen in migraine patient and is particularly pronounced in MWA sufferers. We speculate that total HC not only contribute to the development of atherosclerotic conditions, including cardiocerebrovascular diseases, but also reflects an epiphenomenon.