gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Caspase activation cascades in apoptosis (2008)

Apoptosis, a highly controlled mode of cell death, is utilized to eliminate superfluous, aged, injured or infected cells from the body. Caspases, a family of aspartic acid-specific proteases, are the major effectors of apoptosis. To curtail their activity, caspases are normally synthesized as inactive precursors, but become activated at the onset of apoptosis by activation signals. Once active, caspases preside over the ordered dismantling of the cell through restricted proteolysis of hundreds of substrate proteins. Over the last 10 years, intense research has focused upon the pathways that control caspase activation. Although some, such as the apoptosome and death receptor-mediated pathways to caspase activation, are well established, others are less clearly defined. In this review, we discuss current perspectives concerning the diverse pathways to caspase activation.
Schiff bases containing quinoline rings (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSchiff bases containing quinoline ringsCarl Tabb Bahner, David Brotherton, and Mary Karasek BrothertonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 2, 405–406Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00308a068https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00308a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Amylose Content on Gelatinization, Retrogradation, and Pasting Properties of Starches from Waxy and Nonwaxy Wheat and Their F1 Seeds (2000)

ABSTRACT We studied the effect of amylose content on the gelatinization, retrogradation, and pasting properties of starch using wheat starches differing in amylose content. Starches were isolated from waxy and nonwaxy wheat and reciprocal F1 seeds by crossing waxy and nonwaxy wheat. Mixing waxy and nonwaxy wheat starch produced a mixed starch with the same amylose content as F1 seeds for comparison. The amylose content of F1 seeds ranged between waxy and nonwaxy wheat. Nonwaxy‐waxy wheat had a higher amylose content than waxy‐nonwaxy wheat. Endothermic enthalpy and final gelatinization temperature measured by differential scanning calorimetry correlated negatively with amylose content. Gelatinization onset and peak temperature clearly differed between F1 and mixed starches with the same amylose content as F1 starches. Enthalpy for melting recrystallized starches correlated negatively with amylose content. Rapid Visco Analyser measurement showed that F1 starches had a higher peak viscosity than waxy and nonwaxy wheat starches. Mixed starches showed characteristic profiles with two low peaks. Setback and final viscosity correlated highly with amylose content. Some of gelatinization and pasting properties differed between F1 starches and mixed starches.
Communication—Indentation of Li-Ion Pouch Cell: Effect of Material Homogenization on Prediction of Internal Short Circuit (2016)

We performed finite element simulations of spherical indentation of Li-ion pouch cells. Our model fully resolves different layers in the cell. The results of the layer resolved models were compared to the models available in the literature that treat the cell as an equivalent homogenized continuum material. Simulations were carried out for different sizes of the spherical indenter. Here, we show that calibration of a failure criterion for the cell in the homogenized model depends on the indenter size, whereas in the layer-resoled model, such dependency is greatly diminished.
Generation and distribution of reactive oxygen species in the skin of hairless mice under UVA: studies on in vivo chemiluminescent detection and tape stripping methods (2006)

Although the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skin induced by the ultraviolet (UV) light has been shown to lead to many cutaneous disorders, skin cancer and photoageing, the mechanism and distribution of ROS generation has not yet been definitively determined. In the present study, we examined the distribution of UVA-induced ROS in the skin of live hairless mice, using our proposed in vivo imaging chemiluminescent (CL) method to detect ROS combined with a CL probe (cypridina hilgendorfii luciferin analogue; CLA) and tape stripping (TS) technique. The CL intensities in the skin of live hairless mice were confirmed to significantly increase by UVA exposure. When TS was conducted five times in a maximum level after CL measurement following UVA exposure and subsequent CLA application, CL intensities due to UVA-induced ROS generation in the residual skin decreased to 10% of the original levels; and those in the stripped skin on each tape decreased in the stripped order such as 52%, 16%, 11%, 6% and 5%. Next, CLA was applied and then CL intensities were measured in the residual skin after advance 1, 3 and 5 tape strippings, and CL intensities due to ROS were detected primarily in the outer layer of the skin. On the basis of these results, we concluded that ROS induced by UVA exposure occurs and distributes in the outermost layer of the stratum corneum.
The nematode resistance gene<i>Mi</i>of tomato confers resistance against the potato aphid (1998)

Resistance against the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae previously was observed in tomato and attributed to a novel gene, designated Meu-1, tightly linked to the nematode resistance gene, Mi. Recent cloning of Mi allowed us to determine whether Meu-1 and Mi are the same gene. We show that Mi is expressed in leaves, that aphid resistance is isolate-specific, and that susceptible tomato transformed with Mi is resistant to the same aphid isolates as the original resistant lines. We conclude that Mi and Meu-1 are the same gene and that Mi mediates resistance against both aphids and nematodes, organisms belonging to different phyla. Mi is the first example of a plant resistance gene active against two such distantly related organisms. Furthermore, it is the first isolate-specific insect resistance gene to be cloned and belongs to the nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat family of resistance genes.
A Convenient Preparation of Farnesylamine (1993)

Abstract The efficient synthesis of farnesylamine (1) was accomplished by two separate routes. The first, by the alkylation of triflouroacetamide with farnesyl bromide followed by base hydrolysis. The second, by displacement of the halogen of farnesyl bromide with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl) amide followed by methanolysis.
Improving Patient Safety by Identifying Side Effects from Introducing Bar Coding in Medication Administration (2002)

These side effects might create new paths to ADEs. We recommend design revisions, modification of organizational policies, and "best practices" training that could potentially minimize or eliminate these side effects before they contribute to adverse outcomes.
Skill Rating for Generative Models (2018)

We explore a new way to evaluate generative models using insights from evaluation of competitive games between human players. We show experimentally that tournaments between generators and discriminators provide an effective way to evaluate generative models. We introduce two methods for summarizing tournament outcomes: tournament win rate and skill rating. Evaluations are useful in different contexts, including monitoring the progress of a single model as it learns during the training process, and comparing the capabilities of two different fully trained models. We show that a tournament consisting of a single model playing against past and future versions of itself produces a useful measure of training progress. A tournament containing multiple separate models (using different seeds, hyperparameters, and architectures) provides a useful relative comparison between different trained GANs. Tournament-based rating methods are conceptually distinct from numerous previous categories of approaches to evaluation of generative models, and have complementary advantages and disadvantages.
Response of human fibroblasts to hypertonic stress. Cell shrinkage is counteracted by an enhanced active transport of neutral amino acids. (1994)

Regulatory volume increase (RVI) has been studied in cultured human fibroblasts (CHF) incubated in a complete hypertonic growth medium (400 mosmol/kg). After the initial cell shrinkage induced by hypertonic treatment, cells recover their volume almost completely within 3 h. This RVI response is associated with a marked increase of the cell content of free amino acids. The cell content of potassium increases only slightly. Chromatographic analysis of the intracellular amino acid pool shows that the RVI-associated increase in cell amino acids is mainly a result of changes in the L-glutamine content. The intracellular accumulation of the analog 2-methylaminoisobutyric acid, a specific substrate of transport system A, is increased in CHF undergoing RVI. Hypertonic treatment causes an immediate and sustained cell hyperpolarization, as demonstrated by changes in the trans-membrane distribution ratio of L-arginine and in the fluorescence of the potential-sensitive dye bis-1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate-trimethineoxonol. Because of cell hyperpolarization, at the end of RVI the trans-membrane gradient of the sodium electrochemical potential is higher than that of the control. The increase in the extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]out = 40 mM) abolishes the hyperpolarization induced by hypertonic treatment and delays volume recovery. Cycloheximide suppresses RVI at a high but not at physiologic [K+]out. It is proposed that CHF counteract hypertonic shrinkage through an enhanced accumulation of substrates of transport system A sustained, initially, by an increase in the energy available for transport and, subsequently, also by the synthesis of new site A carriers.
A uniform resource identifier scheme for SNMP (2003)

One of the World Wide Web characteristics, besides its omnipresence in computer systems, is the adoption of a universal user interface that is used to access several different services that were previously accessed individually by independent applications. Internet resources started to be identified by URI (uniform resource identifier) schemes, a text string with specific syntax and grammar. Although existing for several services such as http, ftp, gopher and news, these identifiers are not used to identify SNMP resources. This paper proposes a URI scheme for identifying SNMP resources and presents some practical scenarios where the existence of such a compact and complete identifying mechanism increases flexibility and functionality of network management applications.
Application of quad-phase surface acoustic wave filters to power divider/combiner for RF power amplifiers (2006)

This paper discusses the possibility of applying quad-phase surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters to a power divider/combiner for RF power amplifiers (PAs). First, it was shown that the quad- phase SAW filter is equivalent to a quadrature hybrid with embedded balun and filter functions. Then, the device is applied for a PA configuration where four amplifiers are sandwiched in between two quad-phase SAW filters. It is shown that this configuration offers good performances comparable to those given by ideal balanced dual-fed push-pull PAs.
Monoclonal antibodies against the S<sub>2</sub>‐serotonin receptor from rat brain that cross‐react with dopamine and opiate receptors (1989)

Balb/c mice were immunized with rat striatal integral membrane proteins. After hybridization of splenocytes with myeloma cells, hybridoma lines secreting antibodies against serotonin, dopamine and opiate receptors were detected by inhibition of ligand binding to brain membrane preparations. Antibodies from two positive lines, Mab/a9 and Mab/a18, were able to inhibit ligand binding to the S2-serotonin (Kd range: 10-100 nM), the mu-opiate (Kd range: 0.4-3 microM) and the delta-opiate receptors (Kd range: 0.7-1.1 microM), while Mab/a9 was also found to inhibit ligand binding to the D2/D4-dopamine receptor (Kd approximately 50 nM). An apparent molecular mass of 60 kDa could be ascribed to the delta-opiate receptor and apparent molecular masses of 29 and 36 kDa to the mu-opiate receptor by ligand elution from immuno-precipitates.
Lelantos: A Blockchain-Based Anonymous Physical Delivery System (2017)

Real world physical shopping offers customers the privilege of maintaining their privacy by giving them the option of using cash, and thus providing no personal information such as their names and home addresses. On the contrary, electronic shopping mandates the use of all sorts of personally identifiable information for both billing and shipping purposes. Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin have created a stimulated growth in private billing by enabling pseudonymous payments. However, the anonymous delivery of the purchased physical goods is still an open research problem. In this work, we present a blockchain-based physical delivery system called Lelantos1 that within a realistic threat model, offers customer anonymity, fair exchange and merchant-customer unlinkability. Our system is inspired by the onion routing techniques which are used to achieve anonymous message delivery. Additionally, Lelantos relies on the decentralization and pseudonymity of the blockchain to enable pseudonymity that is hard to compromise, and the distributed consensus mechanisms provided by smart contracts to enforce fair irrefutable transactions between distrustful contractual parties.
Reflection, self-awareness and self-healing in OpenORB (2002)

There is a growing interest in the area of self-healing systems. Self-healing does however impose considerable demands on system infrastructures---especially in terms of openness and support for reconfigurability. This paper proposes that the self-awareness inherent in reflective technologies lends itself well to the construction of self-healing systems. In particular, the paper examines the support provided by the Open ORB reflective middleware technology for the construction of this increasingly important class of system.
Synthesis and consolidation of zirconium diboride: review (2011)

AbstractZirconium diboride is a strategic material, finding applications as thermal protection system in reentry vehicles, high temperature electrode, thermowell tubes, etc. Solid state reactions require high temperature and thus result in coarse powders which are difficult to sinter. Densification of ZrB2 is extremely difficult due to its refractory nature. Sinter additives help in densification but deteriorate the high temperature properties. In the recent past, various researchers have made attempts to improve the existing methods and also invented new processes for synthesis of pure and fine powders as well as for densification of ZrB2. All the techniques on synthesis and consolidation of ZrB2 are discussed in detail and critically reviewed in this article.
Evaluating and Selecting Simulation Software Using the AnalyticHierarchy Process (1994)

In order to be competitive and progress to a state of excellence in manufacture, companies are currently experiencing change. Decisions have to be made about the best way forward, and some insight into the possible outcomes is desirable. There is a small but growing awareness among British manufacturing companies that simulation could aid this insight, but potential users face the problem of evaluating and selecting from the many proprietary systems, the one which best matches their requirements at some preferred cost. Selection is made more difficult by continual updates and modifications to systems and by new software suppliers entering the market. Uses a research case study as the vehicle for proposing a framework for assessment and selection of simulation systems involving the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Illustrates how this technique was used to make a system selection which matched a company′s selection criteria.
Conformation Control of Peptides by Metal Ions. Coordination Conformation Correlation Observed in a Model for Cys-X-Y-Cys/M<sup>2+</sup>in Proteins (1997)

The structure of [(Boc-Cys(1)-Pro-Leu-Cys(4)-OMe)(S-tert-C(4)H(9))Hg](-) (Boc: butoxycarbonyl), 1, was studied in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and compared with that of [(Boc-Cys(1)-Pro-Leu-Cys(4)-OMe)Hg], 2, in order to discuss the intrinsic structural feature of the cysteine-containing metal-binding sites of proteins: Cys(i)-X-Y-Cys(i)(+3)/M(2+). 1 was generated by the reaction of 2 with NaS-tert-C(4)H(9). The geometry of the mercury ion (Hg(2+)) in 1 was proposed to be trigonal planar by UV-vis spectroscopy and Hg L(III) edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) calculations yielded r(Hg-S) = 2.42 Å. Analyses of the nuclear Overhauser and exchange spectroscopy (NOESY) and the rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY) spectra of 1 in DMF-d(7) gave approximate distances for the 21 (1)H-(1)H pairs of the main chain loop. These results on distance information were processed by distance geometry (DG) and restrained molecular dynamics (RMD) calculations in order to optimize the molecular structure of 1. Molecular dynamics (MD) calculations were also performed. We proposed that the trigonal planar Hg(2+) in 1 regulates the hydrogen-bonding schemes of the peptide in the same manner as the tetrahedral ions involved in the Cys(i)-X-Y-Cys(i)(+3)/M(2+) core sites in natural proteins, forming two hydrogen bonds, Cys(1) S-Leu H(N) and Cys(1) S-Cys(4) H(N). This is in contrast to 2, where the linear coordinate mercury causes another type of hydrogen-bonding scheme, Cys(1) S-Leu H(N) and Pro CO-Cys(4) H(N). Details of the effect of trigonal planar Hg(2+) on the peptide conformation were analyzed with respect to the phi, varphi, and chi torsion angles of the peptide chain. The effect of the change of the angleS-Hg-S bite angle on the conformation of Cys-Pro-Leu-Cys was also discussed on the basis of MD calculations. The distribution area of Leu (phi, varphi) in the Ramachandran plot moves from near the alpha helix region to the turn structure region as the bite angle increases from 90 to 180 degrees, accompanying the change in the hydrogen-bonding scheme. The critical bite angle is around 140 degrees. The analysis revealed that angleS-Hg-S congruent with 110 degrees, which corresponds to the tetrahedral coordination geometry of the central metal ion, allows a high flexibility of the Cys-Pro-Leu-Cys skeleton.
Session details: SIGGRAPH Core: High dynamic range imaging & image-based lighting (2008)

No abstract available.
Short-cavity picosecond dye laser design (1979)

The design of a short-cavity dye laser is described. The laser produces a 2-psec pulse which is tunable in the range between 400 nm and 470 nm when pumped with an 8-psec 355-nm third-harmonic pulse from a modelocked Nd(+3) :glass laser. The laser features a variable calibrated cavity length (10-500 microm), a dye cell through which dye can be continuously flowed, and a compact rugged design. The laser has been incorporated into several picosecond spectroscopy experiments and has proved to be a convenient and useful tunable blue source.
Porous Crystal Formation from Polyoxometalate Building Blocks:  Single-Crystal Structure of [AlO<sub>4</sub>Al<sub>12</sub>(OH)<sub>12</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>24</sub>][Al(OH)<sub>6</sub>Mo<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>]<sub>2</sub>((OH)·29.5H<sub>2</sub>O [<i>J. Am. Chem. Soc.</i> <b>2000</b>, <i>122</i>, 7432−7433]. (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionPorous Crystal Formation from Polyoxometalate Building Blocks: Single-Crystal Structure of [AlO4Al12(OH)12(H2O)24][Al(OH)6Mo6O18]2((OH)·29.5H2O [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2000, 122, 7432−7433].Jung-Ho Son, Hyuk Choi, and Young-Uk KwonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 42, 10492Publication Date (Web):October 10, 2000Publication History Published online10 October 2000Published inissue 1 October 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja004660fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja004660fcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views467Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (11 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sonic branding: A consumer-oriented literature review (2015)

Because music holds a strong power over people, and its impact on consumers is relatively direct, it is invariably an interesting medium for marketers. Although Sonic Branding – branding with music and sound – has been seen as ‘the next big thing’ in branding toward consumers for about a decade, it is a scattered field still waiting for its breakthrough. Addressing this problem, the present consumer-oriented review of literature offers new insights on the consumer perspective’s role in Sonic Branding today, and provides implications for future marketing research and practice. The present article also suggests that there is need for using a common set of Sonic Branding concepts in order to unify the field. Further, the majority of businesses do not yet understand Sonic Branding as the uniquely consumer-oriented practice it has the potential to be. Understanding the way that consumers themselves use music is crucial to successful brand management in this area. However, for theorists and practitioners alike, the immediate challenge lies in developing those concepts and labels for Sonic Branding that will unite the field, and thereby increase its future impact.