gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directionally-conductive, optically-transparent composites by magnetic alignment (1992)

Ferromagnetic metal spheres (silver-coated Ni, 0.5-2% in volume) dispersed in a thin layer of transparent polymer medium were subjected to a vertical magnetic field for alignment into the chain-of-spheres (or column) configuration. When the polymer was solidified, the resultant composite contained vertically aligned, but laterally isolated, columns of conductive particles in a sheet of transparent matrix. The sheet material transmitted in excess of 90% of incident light in the visible range, and was highly conductive only in the thickness direction. While optically and electrically anisotropic, the magnetic columns in the composite exhibited an essentially isotropic magnetic behavior for the given height and spacing of the columns. The material, if suitably modified, may be useful as a transparent position sensor for visual communication devices such as touch-sensitive screens or write pads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of ghrelin on food intake and energy homeostasis (2007)

Ghrelin is an endogenous orexigenic peptide recently discovered in the stomach. Ghrelin is involved in short-term regulation of food intake since its plasma levels increase before meals and decrease strongly postprandially. Ghrelin is also involved in long-term body-weight regulation by inducing adiposity. Ghrelin might be useful for cachexia and obesity treatment.
Embodiment of Sadness and Depression—Gait Patterns Associated With Dysphoric Mood (2009)

The results of the present study indicate that a specific gait pattern characterizes individuals in dysphoric mood.
Experiences in integrity testing ultrafiltration membranes at a large potable water treatment works (2003)

The Clay Lane Water treatment works of Three Valleys Water, in the south east of England, is currently the world’s largest ultrafiltration works with a capacity of 160 Ml/d. It utilises ultrafiltration membranes constructed as hollow fibres with a number of membrane elements in a pressure housing. The plant has been operating since spring 2001. The decision to install the system was made in anticipation of the introduction of tighter regulations on Cryptosporidium in water supplies in the UK. Once a decision was made to proceed with a membrane system the ability to monitor the integrity of the system and to repair problems became a crucial design parameter that was a critical part of membrane selection. The need to include a system affected the design of the filtration units offered by manufacturers. The available systems for integrity testing are reviewed and the reasons for selecting the system adopted are discussed. These include particle counting and the dosing of test particulate loads. The different forms of air passage integrity tests are discussed and the displaced air flow system used is described. Once a failure has been detected it must be traced so that the fault can be repaired. This procedure is described together with the techniques of pin repair of damaged fibres. At Clay Lane and other membrane filtration sites the backwash water from membrane cleaning is recovered using a secondary membrane system. Currently the secondary system operates in the same integrity testing regime as the primary system and the secondary filtrate is returned ahead of the primary membrane system. The relative merits of this system, or the alternative of adding the recovered water to the filtrate are discussed.
Cell motility is inhibited by the antiepileptic compound, valproic acid and its teratogenic analogues (1998)

Valproic acid (VPA) is an established human teratogen that causes neural tube defects in 1-2% of human foetuses exposed to the drug during early pregnancy. In this study, individual cell motility was evaluated using short- and long-term time-lapse video-recording and computer assisted image analysis, and it was found that VPA and selected VPA-analogues inhibited individual cell motility of L-cells in a dose-dependent manner. The compounds caused a decrease in the root-mean-square speed, S, and in the rate of diffusion, R, but an increase in the time of persistence in direction, P. Using short-term recordings and measurements of mean-cell speed, the reduction in the motile behaviour was shown to correlate with the teratogenic potency of the tested compounds. The observed effects of VPA on cell motility was independent of the employed L-cell clone, and could be reproduced in cells containing the neuronal marker NCAM and in the neuronal cell line N2a. Furthermore, the observed effect was independent of culture substratum, being observed for L-cells grown on fibronectin as well as on plastic. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that VPA-treatment of mouse L-cells caused a redistribution of F-actin and of a series of focal adhesion proteins, indicating that the effect of VPA on cell motility may be causally related to increased cell-substratum interactions or to alterations in the organisation or dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton.
The headful packaging nuclease of bacteriophage T4 (2008)

Most tailed bacteriophages and herpes viruses replicate genome as a concatemer which is cut by a 'headful' nuclease upon completion of genome packaging. Here, the catalytic centre of phage T4 headful nuclease, present in the C-terminal domain of 'large terminase' gp17, has been defined by mutational, biochemical and structural analyses. The crystal structure shows that this nuclease has an RNase-H fold, suggesting that it cuts DNA by a two-metal ion mechanism. The active centre has a Mg ion co-ordinated by three acidic residues, D401, E458 and D542. Mutations at any of these residues resulted in loss of nuclease activity, but the mutants can package linear DNA. The gp17's nuclease activity is modulated by the 'small terminase', gp16, by the N-terminal ATPase domain of gp17, and by the assembled packaging motor. These results lead to hypotheses concerning how phage headful nucleases cut the viral genomes before and after, but not during, DNA packaging.
Physiological or Functional Fluid Spaces (2002)

Physiological or Functional Fluid Spaces To the Editor: Tollofsrud et al. recently studied the distribution and elimination of two infusion fluids in sheep (1). I would like to question his claim of studying “true physiological spaces” because hemoglobin (Hb) changes probably cannot be used to indicate the distribution of crystalloid fluid between the plasma and extravascular space during intravascular fluid administration. Distribution can only be governed by permeability or perfusion. The Hb changes indicate a distribution process that requires approximately 30 min to be completed (2,3) although the permeability for water is so high that equilibrium across the capillary membrane must be reached much faster (4). Crystalloid fluid has probably equilibrated between the plasma and interstitial fluid spaces in the lung (blood flow 14 L/min per liter tissue water) long before the fluid has even reached the muscles in the legs (0.04 L/min per liter tissue water at rest). My belief is that well-perfused and poorly perfused regions of the body correspond to the reported plasma and extravascular spaces in the Tollofsrud et al. study (1), at least during and for 30 min after infusion. Multiplying the Hb changes with the measured plasma volume at baseline then makes little sense. As this issue remains unresolved, however, our different interpretations actually prompt an investigation of how crystalloid fluid distributes with respect to physiological spaces. Robert G. Hahn, MD, PhD
The ternary system tantalum-hafnium-carbon at 2050 deg c (1965)

Isothermal cross section of tantalum-hafnium- carbon at high temperatures constructed from X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, and metallographic and microhardness data
Human recognizer (2016)

As wearable devices gain widespread acceptance among the general population, there is a crying need to ensure that relevant privacy and security vulnerabilities are to minimize the hazards. Biometrics become very important in our daily lives due to its relative security and convenience compared with traditional personal identification data. In this paper, We propose a live biometric recognition method of ECG for wearable devices. Specifically, we locate the feature points and recognize Q-R-S wave, P wave, R wave respectively. Then we analyze and extract 16 individualized features for each complete ECG segment of all subjects. At last, we use BP neural network to get the classifier for randomly selected subjects and identify their identity. The experiment result shows that the proposed method achieves promising accuracy, FRR is only 0.015%, FAR is 0.01%. The classifiers' average recognition rate is more than 97.9% and robust enough in a considerable amount of identities.
Contextual Personal Intelligence: A New Paradigm for AI That Evolves With You (2025)

Contextual Personal Intelligence (CPI) is a new paradigm for artificial intelligence — one that evolves with the individual over time, shaped by memory, meaning, rhythm, and developmental phase. CPI integrates four co-evolved systems (Polymeta, ARC, ATLAS, AURORA) to create adaptive, relational, and life-aware AI. This white paper outlines the architectural foundation, philosophical implications, and roadmap for this new intelligence.
从苏联共产党第二十次代表大会决议看苏联科学院的任务 (1956)

苏联共产党第二十次代表大会将成为苏联人民争取建成共产主义、保卫世界和平的斗争中的著名阶段而加载史册. 代表大会在阐述了我国社会主义发展方面的决定性胜利后,指出了我们继续向共产主义迈进的道路. 代表大会是党和人民的伟大一致、党团结在自己的列宁式的中央委员会周围、苏联人民对自己的集体领导者——共产党的无限信任的见证. 党的全部活动都是依靠人民的智能和活力,依靠常胜的马克思列宁主义学说. 在党中央委员会的总结报告中,深刻地分析了目前的国际形势,并在此基础上做出了对发展马克思列宁主义理论和对国际生活、政治乃至科学都有头等重要意义的新的结论. 那就是关于两个制度和平共处、关于目前防止战争的可能性和关于各国向社会主义过渡的不同形式等诺问题的分析. 代表大会号召对列宁思想遗产进行全面研究,并坚决批判了侵入马克思列宁主义的一股歪风——个人崇拜.
Use of the Plasma Spectrum RMS Signal for Arc-Welding Diagnostics (2009)

A new spectroscopic parameter is used in this paper for on-line arc-welding quality monitoring. Plasma spectroscopy applied to welding diagnostics has typically relied on the estimation of the plasma electronic temperature, as there is a known correlation between this parameter and the quality of the seams. However, the practical use of this parameter gives rise to some uncertainties that could provoke ambiguous results. For an efficient on-line welding monitoring system, it is essential to prevent the appearance of false alarms, as well as to detect all the possible defects. In this regard, we propose the use of the root mean square signal of the welding plasma spectra, as this parameter will be proven to exhibit a good correlation with the quality of the resulting seams. Results corresponding to several arc-welding field tests performed on Inconel and titanium specimens will be discussed and compared to non-destructive evaluation techniques.
Thermal analysis of evacuated solar tube collectors (2011)

A detailed design of the evacuated tube collectors is enumerated followed by the thermal network analysis of this collector. The temperature of each component is determined empirically. Numerical analysis is applied to find the coefficient of heat transfer across the air gap from absorber plate to the copper tubes. The performance characteristics of these collectors are analyzed and compared with commercially available brands to test their capability to power the generator of an absorption chiller. The generator of a typical 1 KW capacity refrigeration system is designed based on the hot water made available from outlet of evacuated tube collectors.

	 

	Key words: Evacuated tubes, heat transfer applications and absorption chiller.
Development and Application of a Direct Vinyl Lithiation of <i>cis</i>-Stilbene and a Directed Vinyl Lithiation of an Unsymmetrical <i>cis</i>-Stilbene (2007)

[reaction: see text] The vinyl deprotonation of cis-stilbene can be readily achieved using s-BuLi in THF at -25 degrees C. The generated 1-lithio-1,2-diphenylethene undergoes an in situ Z-to-E isomerization, and subsequent reaction with electrophiles results in an efficient stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes. A directed vinyl lithiation of the unsymmetrical cis-stilbene 2-styryl-phenyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester can be achieved regioselectively, thereby expanding this methodology for further synthetic applications in indole chemistry.
Sequence elements in the Escherichia coli araFGH promoter (1992)

The Escherichia coli araFGH operon codes for proteins involved in the L-arabinose high-affinity transport system. Transcriptional regulation of the operon was studied by creating point mutations and deletions in the control region cloned into a GalK expression vector. The transcription start site was confirmed by RNA sequencing of transcripts. The sequences essential for polymerase function were localized by deletions and point mutations. Surprisingly, only a weak -10 consensus sequence, and no -35 sequence is required. Mutation of a guanosine at position -12 greatly reduced promoter activity, which suggests important polymerase interactions with DNA between the usual -10 and -35 positions. A double mutation toward the consensus in the -10 region was required to create a promoter capable of significant AraC-independent transcription. These results show that the araFGH promoter structure is similar to that of the galP1 promoter and is substantially different from that of the araBAD promoter. The effects of 11 mutations within the DNA region thought to bind the cyclic AMP receptor protein correlate well with the CRP consensus binding sequence and confirm that this region is responsible for cyclic AMP regulation. Deletion of the AraC binding site nearest the promoter, araFG1, eliminates arabinose regulation, whereas deletion of the upstream AraC binding site, araFG2, has only a slight effect on promoter activity.
A 3.4/7 kHz Audio Bandwidth Selectable Digital Phone Interface (DPI) Chip with on chip analog functions and modem (1993)

The Digital Phone Interface (DPI) is designed for a new generation of digital telephone terminals for private exchanges. This circuit gives a total solution for all telephone function thereby including DSP functions, voice coding/decoding and analog front end, signal generators for DTMF and ringing, modem for data transfer between terminal and exchange and a multitude of interfaces to communicate to the external world. Besides the normal earpiece micro and speaker, handsfree operation is available by using a selectable input low noise microphone amplifier and an additional 50 ? 100mW LS driver. For the handsfree operation an AGC and anti-oscillation (anti-larsen) function is implemented. The line modem generates a modified RTZ (WAL2) code and is able to cover distances to 1.5 km. In addition the component is extensible with external signal processing modules (echo cancelling ..) and is also able to transfer a 7 kHz speech bandwidth. The device is a mixed analog/digital design produced in a 1.2?m CMOS technology on 46 mm2 die area and consumes 200 mW.
Flow-mediated dilation and biological variability (2005)

This letter is in response to the Point:Counterpoint series “Flow-mediated dilation does/does not reflect nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function” that appeared in the September issue (vol. 99: 1233–1238, 2005; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00601.2005; http://jap.physiology.org/content/vol99/issue3/2005 ).
Comparison of the Efficacy of Cultures of Cecal Anaerobes as Inocula to Reduce Salmonella typhimurium Colonization in Chicks with or Without Dietary Lactose (1991)

The ability of anaerobic cultures from mature chicken cecal material stored at -70 C for 1 or 10 mo to reduce Salmonella typhimurium colonization of the ceca of young chicks was evaluated. Chick treatments consisted of per os inoculation with anaerobic cultures from the cecal materials and providing or not providing the chicks dietary lactose. Chicks were challenged per os at 3 days of age with 10(6) S. typhimurium. Chicks were killed on Day 10, and their cecal contents were analyzed for pH, oxidation-reduction potential, total short-chained volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactic acid, and the number of S. typhimurium per gram of cecal content. Cecal concentration of undissociated VFA was calculated. Dietary lactose produced a .66- to .87-unit decrease in cecal pH, and significant increases in cecal lactic acid concentrations, undissociated cecal acetic and propionic acid concentrations, and cecal oxidation-reduction potentials. The treatment of the combination of cecal anaerobes from the 1 mo-old cecal material and dietary lactose caused a greater reduction in S. typhimurium cecal colonization than any other treatment.
Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives: new promising materials for nonlinear all-optical waveguide switching (2002)

Several new derivatives of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) are investigated regarding their linear and nonlinear optical material and waveguide properties, including their nonlinear photonic bandgap properties that are induced by photoablated periodic Bragg gratings. The new materials were prepared by means of the polycondensation route, which yields polymers with excellent solubilities and film-forming properties. Comparative data suggest that the new polycondensation-type MEH-PPV (completely soluble, strictly linear and fully conjugated), in particular, is the most promising polymer under investigation to fulfill the requirements for all-optical switching in planar waveguide photonic bandgap structures. UV-photobleaching techniques and photoablation in the UV, VIS, and near-infrared ranges at different pulse durations are investigated. Homogeneous submicrometer gratings that serve as Bragg reflectors have been fabricated in MEH-PPV thin films by application of these methods. The great potential of this type of materials for nonlinear all-optical switching applications that arises from their unique optical properties and their patterning behavior is discussed in detail. Numerical simulations of a switching device based on gap-soliton formation in a nonlinear periodic waveguide structure with the newly obtained material data have been carried out. We show that one can expect photonic bandgap all-optical switching in MEH-PPV planar waveguides. Device performance considering different grating parameters is discussed.
Lubricating and Waxy Esters. 4. Synthesis, Crystallization Behavior, Melt Behavior, and Flow Behavior of Linear Monoesters Incorporating 9-Decenol and 9-Decenoic Acid (2013)

Three pure jojoba wax-like esters (JLEs), i.e., octadec-9-enyl dec-9-enoate (JLE 281), dec-9-enyl oleate (JLE 282), and dec-9-enyl dec-9-enoate (JLE-20), were synthesized from fatty acids and fatty alcohols. Calorimetric, solid fat content evolution, and flow data were used to elucidate the phase behavior of the JLEs. It was clearly established that the length of the terminal alkyl chain and orientation of the linking group in the side chains of the bent-core molecules play an important role in the phase development of the JLEs and ultimately their physical properties. Measurable differences in all physical properties investigated were detected between the isomers based on the position of the ester group in the molecule, leading to informed choices on what isomer should be synthesized for similar monoesters for specific applications.
Alkyne Insertion Induced Regiospecific C−H Activation with [Cp*MCl<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>(M = Ir, Rh) (2011)

Regiospecific ortho-C2pyrene−H bond activation of a pyrene-based imine ligand was first promoted by sodium acetate with [Cp*IrCl2]2 to form a half-sandwich cycloiridation complex. Internal and terminal alkynes were then found to insert into the Ir−C2pyrene bond of a cycloiridation complex, which induced another regiospecific peri-C8′naphthyl−H bond activation: different coordination modes of the alkynes group were captured. Unlike the iridium-based insertion complex, which is very stable, the rhodium-catalyzed oxidative coupling of an aromatic imine with an internal alkyne effectively proceeds via regioselective C−H bond activation to produce an indenone imine product. All the intermediate compounds following C−H activation, alkyne insertion and reduction, as well as indenone imine product were fully characterized, including the determination of X-ray structures.
Hybrid CWDM Amplifier Shared by Multiple TDM PONs (2007)

We demonstrate four conventional TDM PONs with symmetric 2.5-Gb/s line rate and extended reach, sharing a common infrastructure. A hybrid SOA-Raman amplifier provides 150-nm bi-directional gain over the PONs’ downstream and upstream CWDM wavelength plan.
High-throughput protein analysis integrating bioinformatics and experimental assays (2004)

The wealth of transcript information that has been made publicly available in recent years requires the development of high-throughput functional genomics and proteomics approaches for its analysis. Such approaches need suitable data integration procedures and a high level of automation in order to gain maximum benefit from the results generated. We have designed an automatic pipeline to analyse annotated open reading frames (ORFs) stemming from full-length cDNAs produced mainly by the German cDNA Consortium. The ORFs are cloned into expression vectors for use in large-scale assays such as the determination of subcellular protein localization or kinase reaction specificity. Additionally, all identified ORFs undergo exhaustive bioinformatic analysis such as similarity searches, protein domain architecture determination and prediction of physicochemical characteristics and secondary structure, using a wide variety of bioinformatic methods in combination with the most up-to-date public databases (e.g. PRINTS, BLOCKS, INTERPRO, PROSITE SWISSPROT). Data from experimental results and from the bioinformatic analysis are integrated and stored in a relational database (MS SQL-Server), which makes it possible for researchers to find answers to biological questions easily, thereby speeding up the selection of targets for further analysis. The designed pipeline constitutes a new automatic approach to obtaining and administrating relevant biological data from high-throughput investigations of cDNAs in order to systematically identify and characterize novel genes, as well as to comprehensively describe the function of the encoded proteins.
Strömung an einer Luftblase im senkrechten Rohr (1943)

Abstract Die Aufgabe: Form und Geschwindigkeit einer in einem vertikalen Rohr aufsteigenden, unendlich langen Luftblase zu finden, führt unter Vernachlässigung der Kapillar‐ und Zähigkeitskräfte auf ein Eigenwertproblem der Differentialgleichung Δφ=0, das in erster Annäherung unter der der Wirklichkeit gut entsprechenden Annahme gelöst wird, daß der Meridianschnitt der Blase in der Umgebung der Kuppe durch den Krümmungskreis ersetzt werden kann. Der Eigenwert, der sich als Funktion dieses Krümmungsradius angeben läßt, wird dadurch bestimmt, daß die asymptotische Lösung mit stetiger Tangente in den Krümmungskreis übergehen soll. Berechneter und experimentell gefundener Wert stimmen gut überein.