gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An adaptive 'broom balancer' with visual inputs (1988)

An adaptive network with visual inputs has been trained to balance an inverted pendulum. Simulation results show that the network is capable of extracting the necessary state information from time sequences of crude visual images. A single linear adaptive threshold element (ADALINE) was adequate for this task. When tested by simulation, the performance achieved was sufficient to keep the pendulum from falling. The adaptive network's ability to generalize made this possible since the training set encompassed only a fraction of all possible states.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on the Chemotherapy of Viral Infections: III. Anti-Influenza Activities of Glyoxal Analogs in Vitro and in Chick Embryo Systems (1962)

Summary Three compounds containing the ketoaldehyde moiety were studied for activity against the PR8 strain of influenza A virus in vitro and in various embryonated egg systems. These compounds were p - ( p - phenylphenacylideneamino)benzoic acid (8949); 4,4′-biphenyldiglyoxylaldehyde, dihydrate (8234); and p -(α-ethoxy- p -phenylphenacylamino)benzoic acid (8318). All were found to be virucidal against the virus in vitro . When these compounds were suspended in 25% heat-inactivated calf serum, the virucidal effect was diminished by approximately 30- to 100-fold. Also, the virucidal effect was reduced by mixing compound with allantoic fluids in vitro or directly in ovo . All compounds were shown to be effective against the PR8 virus in ovo when the compounds and the challenge virus were given by the allantoic route. However, suspending 8234 in 25% calf serum did not impair its activity in intact eggs. Both 8234 and 8318 were studied in de-embryonated eggs using the one-step growth curve technique. A suppression of the hemagglutinins present in the fluids as well as that contained in the allantoic membrane was observed in the treated as compared with the untreated controls when initial treatment with these compounds was begun as early as 0 to 6 hr or as late as 11 to 12 hr postinfection. Thus, these compounds were shown to have both a virucidal and virustatic effect.
Design of patch antenna with omni directional radiation pattern for wireless LAN applications (2017)

Antennas with circularly polarization are largely used in present wireless communication systems because of their opposition to multipath distortion and polarization losses. On the other side, omnidirectional radiation patterns are mainly used since they can provide wide signal coverage and stabilize the signal transmission. As a result number of omnidirectional circularly polarized antennas have been designed and investigated over the past few years. The antenna design consist of modified ground plane connects to circular patch having two monopole modes by a set of conductive pins, to produce high impedance matching. The curved branches are designed at circumference of circular ground plane for producing a degenerate mode and producing circular polarization. The antenna prototype should be fabricated which is operating at 2.4GHz-WLAN band and measured radiation pattern, reflection coefficient, VSWR and antenna gain should well match with simulation results. In this paper simulation is done by using arlonAD320A in place of RogersRT/duroid 5880 because the cost of Rogers material is compare to arlon. But losses in arlon material are more, and these losses are reducing by decreasing number of shorting (or) conductive pins and increase the shorting pins radius. The prototype as a low profile 0.024 A a return loss value −30dB and gain of antenna is 4.68dB. To further characterize the design concept, and the antenna simulation is carried out using high frequency simulation software.
Teratogenicity of <i>N</i>‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) ‐all‐<i>trans</i>‐retinamide in rats and rabbits (1988)

N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-all-trans-retinamide (HPR) has potential efficacy in the treatment of dermatologic, arthritic, and neoplastic disorders. The teratogenicity of such a compound is of special concern in light of the known adverse effects of retinoids, in general, on the developing conceptus. In these studies, Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits were treated orally from gestation days 6 to 15 and 6 to 18, respectively, with 0, 20, 125, or 800 mg/kg/day of HPR. In rat fetuses, low incidences of hydrocephaly (mid- and high-dosage groups) were observed. Fetal tissue (ng/g) and maternal plasma (ng/ml) concentrations of HPR, its major metabolite (N-[4-methoxyphenyl] retinamide [MPR]) and retinol were determined in separate groups of similarly-treated rats 3 h following the last dose on gestation day 15. Fetal tissue concentrations of HPR and MPR were approximately one-half maternal plasma concentrations. A dose related reduction in maternal plasma and fetal tissue concentrations of retinol were also observed. In mid- and high-dosage rabbit fetuses, a dose-related increase in the incidence of dome-shaped head was observed. Subsequent skeletal evaluation revealed delays in skull bone ossification and a widening of the frontal and frontoparietal sutures. Microphthalmia was also observed in two high-dosage fetuses. A dose-dependent and statistically significant reduction in maternal plasma retinol levels was observed across all dosage groups.
The cysteine synthase complex from plants (2001)

Serine acetyltransferase (SAT) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of cysteine biosynthesis in bacteria and plants and functions in association with O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OAS-TL) in the cysteine synthase complex. Very little is known about the structure and catalysis of SATs except that they share a characteristic C-terminal hexapeptide-repeat domain with a number of enzymatically unrelated acyltransferases. Computational modeling of this domain was performed for the mitochondrial SAT isoform from Arabidopsis thaliana, based on crystal structures of bacterial acyltransferases. The results indicate a left-handed parallel beta-helix consisting of beta-sheets alternating with turns, resulting in a prism-like structure. This model was challenged by site-directed mutagenesis and tested for a suspected dual function of this domain in catalysis and hetero-oligomerization. The bifunctionality of the SAT C-terminus in transferase activity and interaction with OAS-TL is demonstrated and discussed with respect to the putative role of the cysteine synthase complex in regulation of cysteine biosynthesis.
GaAs–Ga1−<i>x</i>Al<i>x</i>As buried-heterostructure injection lasers (1974)

Buried-heterostructure injection lasers which have the filamentary GaAs active regions completely surrounded by Ga1−xAlxAs are proposed and have been successfully fabricated by using two-step liquid-phase-epitaxial techniques. The active regions of these lasers can be made extremely small and do not have dimensional unbalances encountered in conventional injection lasers. The threshold current has been reduced to a value as low as 15 mA by applying current-confining geometry to this laser. A study of optical characteristics has revealed such improvements over ordinary lasers as Gaussian beam profile, fundamental mode (TE00) operation, mode reproducibility, and mode stability. Due to the superior thermal properties of these lasers cw operation was easily obtained.
Molecular characterization of retinal stem cells and their niches in adult zebrafish (2006)

The stem cell niches that support multi-lineage retinal progenitors in the intact, growing and regenerating teleost retina have properties characteristic of neuroepithelia and neurogenic radial glia. The regenerative capacity of the adult zebrafish retina with its ability to replace lost retinal neurons provides an opportunity to discover the molecular regulators that lead to functional repair of damaged neural tissue.
An Algorithm for Classification and Outlier Detection of Time-Series Data (2009)

Abstract An algorithm to perform outlier detection on time-series data is developed, the intelligent outlier detection algorithm (IODA). This algorithm treats a time series as an image and segments the image into clusters of interest, such as “nominal data” and “failure mode” clusters. The algorithm uses density clustering techniques to identify sequences of coincident clusters in both the time domain and delay space, where the delay-space representation of the time series consists of ordered pairs of consecutive data points taken from the time series. “Optimal” clusters that contain either mostly nominal or mostly failure-mode data are identified in both the time domain and delay space. A best cluster is selected in delay space and used to construct a “feature” in the time domain from a subset of the optimal time-domain clusters. Segments of the time series and each datum in the time series are classified using decision trees. Depending on the classification of the time series, a final quality score (or quality index) for each data point is calculated by combining a number of individual indicators. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated via analyses of real and simulated time-series data.
Distribution of cryV-type insecticidal protein genes in Bacillus thuringiensis and cloning of cryV-type genes from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus (1995)

DNA dot blot hybridizations with a cryV-specific probe and a cryI-specific probe were performed to screen 24 Bacillus thuringiensis strains for their cryV-type (lepidopteran- and coleopteran-specific) and cryI-type (lepidopteran-specific) insecticidal crystal protein gene contents, respectively. The cryV-specific probe hybridized to 12 of the B. thuringiensis strains examined. Most of the cryV-positive strains also hybridized to the cryI-specific probe, indicating that the cryV genes are closely related to cryI genes. Two cryV-type genes, cryV1 and cryV465, were cloned from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 and B. thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus BP465, respectively, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The CryV1 protein was toxic to Plutella xylostella and Bombyx mori, whereas the CryV465 protein was toxic only to Plutella xylostella.
Theory of group delay ripple generated by chirped fiber gratings (2002)

The theory of the group delay ripple generated by apodized chirped fiber gratings is developed using the analogy between noisy gratings and superstructure Bragg gratings. It predicts the fundamental cutoff of the high frequency spatial noise of grating parameters in excellent agreement with the experimental data. We find simple general relationship between the high-frequency ripple in the grating period and the group delay ripple. In particular, we show that the amplitude of a single-frequency group delay ripple component changes with grating period chirp, C, as 3/ 2 C and is proportional to the grating index modulation, while its phase shift and period changes as 1 C .
Enhancing a glossectomy patient's speech via GMM-based voice conversion (2016)

In this paper, we describe the use of a voice conversion algorithm for improving the intelligibility of speech by patients with articulation disorders caused by a wide glossectomy and/or segmental mandibulectomy. As a first trial, to demonstrate the difficulty of the task at hand, we implemented a conventional Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based algorithm using a frame-by-frame approach. We compared voice conversion performance among normal speakers and one with an articulation disorder by measuring the number of training sentences, the number of GMM mixtures, and the variety of speaking styles of training speech. According to our experiment results, the mel-cepstrum (MC) distance was decreased by 40% in all pairs of speakers as compared with that of pre-conversion measures; however, at post-conversion, the MC distance between a pair of a glossectomy speaker and a normal speaker was 28% larger than that between pairs of normal speakers. The analysis of resulting spectrograms showed that the voice conversion algorithm successfully reconstructed high-frequency spectra in phonemes /h/, /t/, /k/, /ts/, and /ch/; we also confirmed improvements of speech intelligibility via informal listening tests.
Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: Effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance Molecular and cell biology of lipids (2015)

Inflammation is a condition which contributes to a range of human diseases. It involves a multitude of cell types, chemical mediators, and interactions. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-3 (n−3) fatty acids found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. These fatty acids are able to partly inhibit a number of aspects of inflammation including leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte–endothelial adhesive interactions, production of eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the n−6 fatty acid arachidonic acid, production of inflammatory cytokines, and T-helper 1 lymphocyte reactivity. In addition, EPA gives rise to eicosanoids that often have lower biological potency than those produced from arachidonic acid and EPA and DHA give rise to anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving mediators called resolvins, protectins and maresins. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of marine n−3 fatty acids include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, disruption of lipid rafts, inhibition of activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B so reducing expression of inflammatory genes, activation of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ and binding to the G protein coupled receptor GPR120. These mechanisms are interlinked, although the full extent of this is not yet elucidated. Animal experiments demonstrate benefit from marine n−3 fatty acids in models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Clinical trials of fish oil in RA demonstrate benefit, but clinical trials of fish oil in IBD and asthma are inconsistent with no overall clear evidence of efficacy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance”.
Dynamic monitoring of blood oxygen saturation <i>in vivo</i> using double-ring photoacoustic sensor (2009)

Photoacoustic (PA) can distinguish oxygenated main chromophores which are hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) in blood by the optical absorption at multiple optical wavelengths. In this study, a noninvasive PA system with a double-ring sensor was used for fixed-point measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) continually. The double-ring sensor is an ultrasonic Fresnel zone plate ultrasonic transducer. It has two-zone negative zone plate piezoelectric material pattern with good focusing effect for fixed-point detection of SO2. Three specific optical absorbed wavelengths (760, 805, and 850 nm) of HbO2 and Hb were employed sequentially to obtain PA signals and calculate the SO2 at each blood oxygen level. The capability and accuracy of the system were tested by phantom samples and in vitro blood samples, and the results of the PA detection were in excellent agreement with the data of the control group by the blood-gas analyzer. In in vivo studies, the SO2 of the artery and the vein in a rabbit ear were noninvasively detected. Furthermore, changes in the SO2 from normal to hypoxia and to hyperoxia due to the changed inhale gas were dynamically recorded by the PA system. The experimental results demonstrate that this PA SO2 measurement system has the potential for fixed-point detection and dynamic monitoring of blood oxygen saturation.
The SBASE protein domain library, release 2.0: a collection of annotated protein sequence segments (1993)

SBASE 2.0 is the second release of SBASE, a collection of annotated protein domain sequences. SBASE entries represent various structural, functional, ligand-binding and topogenic segments of proteins [Pongor, S. et al. (1993) Prot. Eng., in press]. This release contains 34,518 entries provided with standardized names and it is cross-referenced to the major protein and nucleic acid databanks as well as to the PROSITE catalog of protein sequence patterns [Bairoch, A. (1992) Nucl. Acids Res., 20 suppl, 2013-2018]. SBASE can be used for establishing domain homologies using different database-search tools such as FASTA [Lipman and Pearson (1985) Science, 227, 1436-1441], FASTDB [Brutlag et al. (1990) Comp. Appl. Biosci., 6, 237-245] or BLAST3 [Altschul and Lipman (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 5509-5513] which is especially useful in the case of loosely defined domain types for which efficient consensus patterns can not be established. SBASE 2.0 and a set of search and retrieval tools are freely available on request to the authors or by anonymous 'ftp' file transfer from mean value of ftp.icgeb.trieste.it.
Ponerse las pilas: [Iron Man 3] (2012)

Environmental changes and ground subsidence along railway lines are serious concerns during high-speed railway operations. It is worth noting that AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARMA), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and other prediction methods may present limitations when applied to predict InSAR time series results. To address this issue, this study proposes a prediction method that decomposes the nonlinear settlement time series of feature points obtained through InSAR technology using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD). Subsequently, multiple Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) are generated, and each IMF is individually predicted using the Prophet forecasting model. Finally, we employ an equal-weight superimposition method to combine the results, resulting in the prediction of the InSAR settlement time series. The predicted values of each component are subsequently weighted equally and combined to derive the final prediction outcome. This paper selects InSAR monitoring data along a high-speed railway in inland China and uses the proposed method and ARMA and Prophet models to carry out comparative experiments. The experimental results show that compared with the ARMA and Prophet models, the method in this paper improves the root mean square error by 58.01% and 32.3%, and increases the mean absolute error by 62.69% and 33.78%, respectively. The predicted settlement values generated by our method exhibit better agreement with the actual InSAR monitoring values.
A block matching approach for movement estimation in a CMOS retina: principle and results (2004)

We present in this paper a silicon retina- a specific CMOS image sensor dedicated to movement estimation. This circuit has been fabricated in a standard 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS process. The pixel is composed with both sensitive elements- a photodiode is used to convert photons to electrons- and electronic components for computations. Its goal is to extract the optical flow from two acquired images. Movement estimation is a very often used task after image acquisition, which usually needs a sensor, a processing unit (DSP, FPGA) and external memories (M. Arias-Estrada and E. Rodriguez-Palacios, 2002). Here, the functionality is achieved in a single chip, by an electrical way, giving compactness and low power to this costing task. The movement estimation algorithm we use comes from (R. Zabih and J. Woodfill, 1994), its advantages are: robustness with real sequence, its real use in robotics, and its good electrical mapping. The circuit's architecture is divided in to two parts, corresponding to the two steps of the original algorithm.
Identification and Evolution of Drug Efflux Pump in Clinical Enterobacter aerogenes Strains Isolated in 1995 and 2003 (2008)

For the first time a noticeable increase in clinical isolates containing an efflux mechanism susceptible to pump inhibitor is report within an 8 year period. After the emergence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in E. aerogenes and the recent characterisation of porin mutations in clinical isolates, this study describing an increase in inhibitor-susceptible efflux throws light on a new step in the evolution of mechanism in E. aerogenes.
Identification of proteins in a human pleural exudate using two-dimensional preparative liquid-phase electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (1999)

Pleural effusion may occur in patients suffering from physical trauma or systemic disorders such as infection, inflammation, or cancer. In order to investigate proteins in a pleural exudate from a patient with severe pneumonia, we used a strategy that combined preparative two-dimensional liquid-phase electrophoresis (2-D LPE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and Western blotting. Preparative 2-D LPE is based on the same principles as analytical 2-D gel electrophoresis, except that the proteins remain in liquid phase during the entire procedure. In the first dimension, liquid-phase isoelectric focusing allows for the enrichment of proteins in liquid fractions. In the Rotofor cell, large volumes (up to 55 mL) and protein amounts (up to 1-2 g) can be loaded. Several low abundance proteins, cystatin C, haptoglobin, transthyretin, beta2-microglobulin, and transferrin, were detected after liquid-phase isoelectric focusing, through Western blotting analysis, in a pleural exudate (by definition, >25 g/L total protein). Direct MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of proteins in a Rotofor fraction is demonstrated as well. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of a tryptic digest of a continuous elution sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) fraction confirmed the presence of cystatin C. By applying 2-D LPE, MALDI-TOF-MS, and Western blotting to the analysis of this pleural exudate, we were able to confirm the identity of proteins of potential diagnostic value. Our findings serve to illustrate the usefulness of this combination of methods in the analysis of pathological fluids.
Kinetic quantification of protein polymer nanoparticles using non-invasive imaging (2012)

Protein polymers are repetitive amino acid sequences that can assemble monodisperse nanoparticles with potential applications as cancer nanomedicines. Of the currently available molecular imaging methods, positron emission tomography (PET) is the most sensitive and quantitative; therefore, this work explores microPET imaging to track protein polymer nanoparticles over several days. To achieve reliable imaging, the polypeptides were modified by site-specific conjugation using a heterobifunctional sarcophagine chelator, AmBaSar, which was subsequently complexed with (64)Cu. AmBaSar/(64)Cu was selected because it can label particles in vivo over periods of days, which is consistent with the timescales required to follow long-circulating nanotherapeutics. Using an orthotopic model of breast cancer, we observed four elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs)-based protein polymers of varying molecular weight, amino acid sequence, and nanostructure. To analyze this data, we developed a six-compartment image-driven pharmacokinetic model capable of describing their distribution within individual subjects. Surprisingly, the assembly of an ELP block copolymer (78 kD) into nanoparticles (R(h) = 37.5 nm) minimally influences pharmacokinetics or tumor accumulation compared to a free ELP of similar length (74 kD). Instead, ELP molecular weight is the most important factor controlling the fate of these polymers, whereby long ELPs (74 kD) have a heart activity half-life of 8.7 hours and short ELPs (37 kD) have a half-life of 2.1 hours. These results suggest that ELP-based protein polymers may be a viable platform for the development of multifunctional therapeutic nanoparticles that can be imaged using clinical PET scanners.