gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erythrocyte-derived ectosomes have immunosuppressive properties (2008)

Several clinical studies have suggested that blood transfusions are immunosuppressive. Whereas there have been reports describing immunosuppression induced by leukocytes or fragments thereof, the possibility that microparticles, released by erythrocytes during storage, are also involved was not investigated. We present evidence here that such microparticles have all the properties of ectosomes including size, the presence of a lipid membrane, and the specific sorting of proteins. These erythrocyte-derived ectosomes (E-ecto) fixed C1q, which was followed by activation of the classical pathway of complement with binding of C3 fragments. Similarly to ectosomes released by PMN, they express phosphatidylserine on their surface membrane, suggesting that they may react with and down-regulate cells of the immune system. In vitro, they were taken up by macrophages, and they significantly inhibited the activation of these macrophages by zymosan A and LPS, as shown by a significant drop in TNF-alpha and IL-8 release (respectively, 80% and 76% inhibitions). In addition, the effect of E-ecto was not transient but lasted for at least 24 h. In sum, E-ecto may interfere with the innate immune system/inflammatory reaction. Therefore, E-ecto transfused with erythrocytes may account for some of the immunosuppressive properties attributed to blood transfusions.
Expression and significance of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in hippocampus of type 2 diabetic rats (2018)

Objective
To investigate the expression of hippocampus proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats and to explore its relationship with hippocampal injury in rats.


Methods
Nineteen healthy male Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were selected as model group [13 weeks old and (290±10)g] and seventeen healthy male wistar rats with the same age and genetic homology as model group were selected as control group [weight (290±10) g]. Weight, fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c) were measured after 2 and 10 weeks of feeding. Fasting C-Peptide (FCP), total cholesterol (TC) , triglycerides (TG), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured after 10 weeks of feeding. Using Morris water maze test to evaluate the learning and memory ability of rats after 10 weeks of feeding. Histopathological changes of hippocampus were observed by HE staining. Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect and analyze the expression levels of PCSK9 protein in hippocampus of each group, and Western blot method was used to detect and analyze the expression levels of PCSK9, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase caspase-3 (caspase-3) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein. Using t test to compare the two groups.


Results
FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and TC were all higher in the model group than those in the control group after 2 and 10 weeks of feeding (t=-29.305-7.813, P 0.05) . Morris water maze showed that compared with the control group, the escape latency of the model group rats was significantly prolonged in the navigation experiment after 10 weeks, and the quadrant residence time of the platform was significantly shortened in the space exploration experiment in the model group [ (24.2±3.7) vs (17.8±3.3) s, t=6.599, P<0.05]. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rates of PCSK9 immune-reactive neurons in model group increased than those in the control group significantly. Western blot results showed that the expression of PCSK9 and caspase-3 in hippocampus of model group increased significantly than that of control group (0.517±0.103 vs 0.806±0.114, 0.021±0.004 vs 0.136±0.019, t=-11.038, -19.598, both P<0.05) , the expression of Bcl-2 in hippocampus of model group was less than that of control group (t=8.099, P<0.05) .


Conclusion
The expression of PCSK9 increases in hippocampus of T2DM rats, which may be involved in the process of hippocampus injury in T2DM rats.


Key words: 
Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Hippocampus; Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
Three hardware architectures for the binary modular exponentiation: sequential, parallel, and systolic (2006)

Modular exponentiation is the cornerstone computation in public-key cryptography systems such as RSA cryptosystems. The operation is time consuming for large operands. This paper describes the characteristics of three architectures designed to implement modular exponentiation using the fast binary method: the first field-programmable gate array (FPGA) prototype has a sequential architecture, the second has a parallel architecture, and the third has a systolic array-based architecture. The paper compares the three prototypes as well as Blum and Paar's implementation using the time /spl times/ area classic factor. All three prototypes implement the modular multiplication using the popular Montgomery algorithm.
SCOPE: A Stochastic Computing Engine for DRAM-Based In-Situ Accelerator (2018)

Memory-centric architecture, which bridges the gap between compute and memory, is considered as a promising solution to tackle the memory wall and the power wall. Such architecture integrates the computing logic and the memory resources close to each other, in order to embrace large internal memory bandwidth and reduce the data movement overhead. The closer the compute and memory resources are located, the greater these benefits become. DRAM-based in-situ accelerators [1] tightly couple processing units to every memory bitline, achieving the maximum benefits among various memory-centric architectures. However, the processing units in such architectures are typically limited to simple functions like AND/OR due to strict area and power overhead constraints in DRAMs, making it difficult to accomplish complex tasks while providing high performance. In this paper, we address the challenge by applying stochastic computing arithmetic to the DRAM-based in-situ accelerator, targeting at the acceleration of error-tolerant applications such as deep learning. In stochastic computing, binary numbers are converted into stochastic bitstreams, which turns integer multiplications into simple bitwise AND operations, but at the expense of larger memory capacity/bandwidth demands. Stochastic computing is a perfect match for the DRAM-based in-situ accelerators because it addresses the in-situ accelerator's low performance problem by simplifying the operations, while leveraging the in-situ accelerator's advantage of large memory capacity/bandwidth. To further boost the performance and compensate for the numerical precision loss, we propose a novel Hierarchical and Hybrid Deterministic (H2D) stochastic computing arithmetic. Finally, we consider quantized deep neural network inference and training applications as a case study. The proposed architecture provides 2.3× improvement in performance per unit area compared with the binary arithmetic baseline, and 3.8× improvement over GPU. The proposed H2D arithmetic contributes 11× performance boost and 60% numerical precision improvement.
Joint throughput and energy optimization for pipelined execution of embedded streaming applications (2007)

We present a methodology for synthesizing streaming applications, modeled as task graphs, for pipelined execution on multi-core architectures. We develop a task graph extraction and characterization framework that accurately determines the structure, computation and communication characteristics of application task graph from its specification in C. Furthermore, we develop a provably optimal algorithm that jointly balances the workload assigned to each core, and minimizes inter-core communication traffic. Experiment results show that our versatile method improves the through-put of streaming applications significantly under a variety of hardware configurations.
Systemic delivery of proresolving lipid mediators resolvin D <sub>2</sub> and maresin 1 attenuates intimal hyperplasia in mice (2015)

Vascular injury induces a potent inflammatory response that influences vessel remodeling and patency, limiting long-term benefits of cardiovascular interventions such as angioplasty. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) derived from ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] orchestrate resolution in diverse settings of acute inflammation. We hypothesized that systemic administration of DHA-derived SPMs [resolvin D2 (RvD2) and maresin 1 (MaR1)] would influence vessel remodeling in a mouse model of arterial neointima formation (carotid ligation). In vitro, SPM treatment inhibited mouse aortic smooth muscle cell migration (IC₅₀ ≅ 1 nM) to a PDGF gradient and reduced TNF-α-stimulated p65 translocation, superoxide production, and proinflammatory gene expression (MCP-1). In vivo, adult FVB mice underwent unilateral carotid artery ligation with administration of RvD2, MaR1, or vehicle (100 ng by intraperitoneal injection at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d after ligation). In ligated carotid arteries at 4 d, SPM treatment was associated with reduced cell proliferation and neutrophil and macrophage recruitment and increased polarization of M2 macrophages in the arterial wall. Neointimal hyperplasia (at 14 d) was notably attenuated in RvD2 (62%)- and MaR1 (67%)-treated mice, respectively. Modulation of resolution pathways may offer new opportunities to regulate the vascular injury response and promote vascular homeostasis.
Model Equation for Nonhomogeneous Turbulence (1969)

The equation for the one-point turbulent distribution function is closed by assuming a relaxation model for the pressure fluctuation term and several other less critical approximations. The resulting equation is solved for a class of rectilinear flows and for decay of a periodic wake. Good agreement with available experiments is found. A theory of turbulent transport coefficients is derived in a certain approximation.
The industrial uses of special lecithins: A review (1981)

Abstract The surface activity and ultimately the performance of commercial lecithin can be improved by physical, chemical or enzymatic methods. These methods are reviewed along with a brief survey of the use of special lecithins in certain food and non‐food applications. Emphasis is placed on margarine, instant foods, leather fatting and mosquito control systems.
Novel Process for Preparation of Tetrabenazine and Deutetrabenazine (2018)

A novel process for the synthesis of tetrabenazine (1) and deutetrabenazine (2), two well-known drugs used for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington’s disease, has been developed. All of the reaction parameters were optimized through a series of reactions and by using Design of Experiment techniques. The newly developed methods are industrially scalable and employ cheap, commercially available raw materials and hence are highly efficient. The added advantage is that the developed processes evade the use of genotoxic alkylating agents and therefore could be considered as safe and viable alternatives to the existing methods.
Design and preparation of cyclopeptamine antifungal agents. (1999)

The lack of agents for infections caused by pathogenic fungi has demanded further investigation of a key lead structure which has shown promise, echinocandin B. In recent years, two analogs of this cyclic hexapeptide are proceeding through the clinic exhibiting proof of concept for the target of these drugs. This target, the ss-1,3-glucan synthesis complex, produces the majority of fungal cell wall glucan in many of the most pathogenic fungi such as Candida. A methodical structure-activity relationship review of several major fragments of these highly functionalized molecules is described. This information is useful for determination of the minimum functional/structural requirements for design of an optimal compound in this series. Analogs are presented with their accompanying whole cell antifungal activities.
Carbocyclic Adenosine Analogues as S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Inhibitors and Antiviral Agents: Recent Advances (1998)

Various carbocyclic analogues of adenosine, including aristeromycin (carbocyclic adenosine), carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine, neplanocin A, 3-deazaneplanocin A, the 5'-nor derivatives of aristeromycin, carbocylic 3-deazaadenosine, neplanocin A and 3-deazaneplanocin A, and the 2-halo (i.e., 2-fluoro) and 6'-R-alkyl (i.e., 6'-R-methyl) derivatives of neplanocin A have been recognized as potent inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase. This enzyme plays a key role in methylation reactions depending on S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) as methyl donor. AdoHcy hydrolase inhibitors have been shown to exert broad-spectrum antiviral activity against pox-, paramyxo-, rhabdo-, filo-, bunya-, arena-, and reoviruses. They also interfere with the replication of human immunodeficiency virus through inhibition of the Tat transactivation process.
Gradient-based fast source mask optimization (SMO) (2011)

As lithography still pushing toward to low-k1 region, resolution enhancement techniques (RETs) including source optimization (SO) and mask optimization (MO) are expected to overcome the fundamentally physics in optics. Recently inverse lithography (IL) is widely studied for source and mask optimization (SMO) to enhance the resolution for over diffraction limit integrate circuit (IC) patterns. In this paper, we propose a gradient based SMO algorithm where the SO and MO are two sequential steps due to their different image formation mechanism. Moreover, we employ three cost functions including aerial and resist image and the image contrast which is proposed in our previous work. We show that IL patterns produced by SMO have better pattern fidelity and image contrast than MO only patterns.
The Generic Names Mycteria and Tantalus of Linnæus, 1758 (1908)

were both monotypic, Mycteria having the single species M. americana, and Tantahis the single species T. loculator.Mycteria (No. 74) has precedence, standing above Tantalus (No. 75) on the same page.The names Mycteria americana and Tantalus loculator both unfortunately relate to the same species, as long since pointed out by Lichtenstein, and later by others.
Self-stopping selective-oxidation process of AlAs (1998)

Self-stopping, selective oxidation of AlAs was demonstrated. Lateral oxidation was stopped where the thickness of AlAs was decreased from 30 to 15 nm because of the large stress arising from the layer boundary of the oxidized AlAs and the surrounding GaAs. The thickness could be varied without degrading the wafer quality by in situ selective growth using the masked molecular beam epitaxy method, which will be available to make oxidized vertical cavity surface emitting lasers uniformly and repeatedly.
Endoscopic image enhancement with noise suppression (2018)

Stereoscopic endoscopes have been used increasingly in minimally invasive surgery to visualise the organ surface and manipulate various surgical tools. However, insufficient and irregular light sources become major challenges for endoscopic surgery. Not only do these conditions hinder image processing algorithms, sometimes surgical tools are barely visible when operating within low-light regions. In addition, low-light regions have low signal-to-noise ratio and metrication artefacts due to quantisation errors. As a result, present image enhancement methods usually suffer from heavy noise amplification in low-light regions. In this Letter, the authors propose an effective method for endoscopic image enhancement by identifying different illumination regions and designing the enhancement design criteria for desired image quality. Compared with existing image enhancement methods, the proposed method is able to enhance the low-light region while preventing noise amplification during image enhancement process. The proposed method is tested with 200 images acquired by endoscopic surgeries. Computed results show that the proposed algorithm can outperform state-of-the-art algorithms for image enhancement, in terms of naturalness image quality evaluator and illumination index.
Magnesium incorporated hydroxyapatite: Synthesis and structural properties characterization (2013)

Synthetic hydroxyapatites are widely used in bone tissue engineering because of their similar composition with the inorganic phase of hard tissues. Biological apatites, however, are calcium-deficient apatites with many di- and tri-valent ion substitutions. In this study, stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA) powders were prepared by wet-chemical precipitation method, and the effect of Mg incorporation on the resulting solid solution was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the substitution of Mg for Ca in apatite lattice resulted in a slight increase in a lattice and more emphasized decrease in c lattice parameters: 0.0966% and 0.2964%, respectively. The results indicated an increase in the d-spacing of Mg-doped HA (MHA). Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) analysis showed that the Mg, C, and O elements were evenly distributed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that incorporation of Mg did not significantly alter the size of the precipitated crystals. Although XRD patterns suggested smaller crystallite size, such a result was still consistent with TEM results, wherein change in size was not significant in Mg-doped HA (MHA) in comparison to HA. Moreover, the incorporation of impurity ions into the HA lattice did not alter the high-temperature phase stability often required for processing. The comparison of HA and MHA samples before and after heat treatment showed that the apatite structure did not decompose or undergo any phase transformation at high temperatures. A proportion of the Mg added did not substitute into the HA lattice. The Mg(OH)2 phase, as observed in the XRD pattern of the Mg-added sample, was a second phase that was easily washed by a citrate solution. In both HA and MHA samples, the calcium phosphate phase remained as a single-phase hexagonal calcium hydroxyapatite before and after heat treatment.
Chemical Characterization of Single Particles by Laser Ablation/Desorption in a Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Characterization of Single Particles by Laser Ablation/Desorption in a Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass SpectrometerJohn M. Dale, Mo. Yang, William B. Whitten, and J. Michael. RamseyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 20, 3431–3435Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00092a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00092a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Steam-leak cost estimation using thermographically acquired pipe temperature data</title> (1997)

Predictive maintenance practitioners readily diagnose steam leaks through drain using infrared thermography, often supplemented with ultrasonic probe verification. Typically, a pipe carries the leaking steam to a flash tank or directly to the condenser. Thus, the energy used to create the steam is what is lost, not the steam itself. However, the cost of steam production is not inexpensive. We have found steam leaks we estimate cost $30 K/year. As a part of the Electric Power Research Institute's (EPRI's) Boiler, Condenser and Steam Cycle Applications Project, the EPRI M&D (Monitoring & Diagnostic) Centers have begun acquiring steam leak data at several electric utilities. Estimates of steam leak costs are key to evaluating cost savings and recommendation of corrective action, but are hampered by lack of knowledge of the steam flow in the line. These lines are usually not instrumented because typically there is no flow. Consequently, we must derive an indirect method of estimating steam flow. This can be done for uninsulated pipes given knowledge of the pipe surface temperature gradient over a known distance. For single phase conditions, the mass flow of steam equals the heat lost from a length of pipe divided by the temperature drop along the length and the heat capacity of the steam. Pipe heat loss is calculated knowing the pipe diameter, pipe surface temperature, ambient air temperature and using American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) tabulated values. The temperatures are derived from thermographic data. Distances can also be derived from thermal imaging radiometer data, depending on the type of system employed. To facilitate calculation of steam leak cost estimates, we have developed a Microsoft Excel<SUP>TM</SUP> spreadsheet macro. The user can interface directly with the spreadsheet, entering appropriate temperatures, distances, pipe diameter, heat rate, cost of power, etc. Or, the analyst can use thermal imaging radiometer analysis software to semi-automatically input the temperatures and distances.
Natural End-User Development of Web Mashups (2013)

End-User Development (EUD) can be exploited on the Web, where users have the opportunity to create niche “Web Mashup” applications as a means to address their long tail of situational needs in different domains of application. In this paper, we describe the design and evaluation of NaturalMash, an innovative EUD system for mashups. NaturalMash provides a high level of expressive power while it is still usable by non-professional users. This clearly distinguishes NaturalMash from existing mashup EUD tools that are either too limited or highly specialized for inexperienced users. The NaturalMash user interface efficiently combines different techniques such as live programming, natural language programming, What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG), and Programming by Demonstration (PbD). The design of NaturalMash adopts a formative evaluation approach, and has completed two design and evaluation iterations. The paper reports the results of the last formative evaluation and discusses the implications of the findings. The results are promising and suggest that the proposed system has a short and gentle learning curve and enables even non-professional users to rapidly build useful mashups.
Optimizing cofactor availability for the production of recombinant heme peroxidase in Pichia pastoris (2015)

The yield of active recombinant heme peroxidase from P. pastoris can be easily enhanced by supplementation of the cultivation medium with hemin. Thereby, secreted apo-species of the target protein are effectively saturated with cofactor, maximizing the yield of target enzyme activity.
Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Sintering of Alumina (1988)

The effect of particle size distribution on the sintering of Al 2 O 3 was investigated. Samples could be sintered to high relative density (∼99%), small average grain size (1 μm), and no growth of exaggerated grains using powders with either broad or narrow particle size distribution. However, the broad particle size distribution provided the advantage that powder compacts could be prepared with higher green density and, therefore, samples could be densified with less total shrinkage.