gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters Complicated by Vascular Erosion in Neonates (2015)

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are widely used in the pediatric population, and their use continues to grow in popularity. These catheters provide a reliable source of venous access to neonatal patients but can also be the cause of life-threatening complications. There are several well-documented complications such as infections, catheter thrombosis, vascular extravasations, and fractured catheters. However, the complication of vascular erosion into the pleural space using both small and silicone-based catheters is rarely described. After obtaining institutional review board approval, we identified 4 cases to review of PICCs complicated by vascular erosions in the past 2 years. Herein, we also review the current literature of PICC complications. Getting the catheter tip as close to the atrial-caval junction as possible and confirmation of this placement are of the utmost importance. The thick wall of the vena cava near the atrium seems to be less likely to perforate; in addition, this position provides increased volume and turbulence to help dilute the hyperosmolar fluid, which seems to also be a factor in this complication. A daily screening chest x-ray in patients with upper extremity PICCs and ongoing parenteral nutrition (PN) are not necessary at this time given the overall low rate of vascular erosion and concerns regarding excessive radiation exposure in pediatric populations. However, a low threshold for chest x-ray imaging in patients with even mild respiratory symptoms in the setting of upper extremity PN is recommended.
Oxidation of allyl and benzyl ethers by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) (1989)

Benzylic and allylic ethers are oxidized by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) to give the corresponding carbonyl containing compounds (aldehydes and ketones) and alcohols. The reaction proceeds readily with ethers bearing activating groups. Primary ethers are further oxidized with excess DDQ giving the corresponding esters. Mechanisms for these processes are proposed, based on nuclear magnetic resonance and stoichiometric analyses. Keywords: dehydrogenation, allylic and benzylic ethers.
Investigation of failure causes in workload-driven reliability testing (2007)

Virtual execution environments and middleware are required to be extremely reliable because applications running on top of them are developed assuming their correctness, and platform-level failures can result in serious and unexpected application-level problems. Since software platforms and middleware are often executed for long time without any interruption, large part of the testing process is devoted to investigate their behavior when long and stressful executions occur (these test cases are called workloads). When a problem is identified, software engineers examine log files to find its root cause. Unfortunately, since of the workloads length, log files can contain a huge amount of information and manual analysis is often prohibitive. Thus, de-facto, the identification of the root cause is mostly left to the intuition of the software engineer.
Cross-Resistance Testing of Next-Generation Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogues against Lamivudine-Resistant HBV (2005)

Several next-generation nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are currently in clinical development for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. However, the efficacy of newer agents against lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) has not been fully explored. To investigate this in vitro, we generated novel stable cell lines expressing HBV encoding the four major patterns of lamivudine resistance mutations (rtL180M+rtM204V, rtV173L+rtL180M+rtM204V, rtM204I and rtL180M+ rtM204I). Using these cell lines, we assessed the susceptibility of all four strains of lamivudine-resistant HBV to eleven nucleoside analogues in various stages of clinical development. Our studies indicate that lamivudine-resistant HBV remain sensitive to acyclic phosphonate nucleotides (adefovir, tenofovir, and alamifovir), have reduced susceptibility to entecavir, and have high-level cross-resistance to all L-nucleosides tested including emtricitabine, telbivudine, clevudine, and torcitabine.
A highly conserved sequence in yeast heat shock gene promoters (1988)

Journal Article A highly conserved sequence in yeast heat shock gene promoters Get access M.F. Tuite, M.F. Tuite Biological Laboratory, The UniversityCanterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Bossier, P. Bossier Biological Laboratory, The UniversityCanterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar I.T. Fitch I.T. Fitch Biological Laboratory, The UniversityCanterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 24, 23 December 1988, Page 11845, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.24.11845 Published: 23 December 1988 Article history Accepted: 07 October 1988 Published: 23 December 1988
Large-Scale Idea Management and Deliberation Systems Workshop (2013)

A growing challenge in social and collaborative computing is to develop tools for large-scale ideation and deliberation (LSID). Business and civic organizations are seeking new technologies and services to let their communities participate in discussions, while communities increasingly expect such opportunities. Some cases require tools for democratic deliberations; others need tools for defining goals and influencing the community toward sustainability. To satisfy these new needs, the workshop brings together leading researchers, designers, and engineers who are working on this new class of systems. The workshop is aligned with C&T’s focus on community as basic social unit, target and source for which to design new technologies and by which these can be adopted. Following up from a series of four workshops and a special issue, the goal is to continue establishing a research community and the agenda on LSID tools for business and civic application domains.
Phosphorylation of Sites 3a and 3b (Ser640 and Ser644) in the Control of Rabbit Muscle Glycogen Synthase (1995)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inactivates rabbit muscle glycogen synthase by sequential phosphorylation of four COOH-terminal residues Ser652 (site 4), Ser648 (site 3c), Ser644 (site 3b), and Ser640 (site 3a). Effective recognition of glycogen synthase by glycogen synthase kinase-3 occurs only after the phosphorylation of Ser656 (site 5) catalyzed by casein kinase II. The present study addresses specifically the role of sites 3a and 3b in the regulation of glycogen synthase expressed in COS cells. Simultaneous Ser-->Ala substitutions at sites 3 a, b and c, 4, and 5 in the same protein molecule eliminated 32P labeling in the proteolytic fragment Arg634-Lys682, which contains these sites. This mutant enzyme (which also had a Ser-->Ala substitution at site 2 in the NH2 terminus) had a -/+ glucose-6-P activity ratio of approximately 0.8, similar to that of totally dephosphorylated enzyme. Reinstating serine residues at either site 3a or site 3b restored labeling in the Arg634-Lys682 peptide and caused a decrease in the activity ratio to 0.4-0.6. When both sites 3a and 3b were reintroduced, there was complete inactivation of the enzyme. Thus, sites 3a and 3b are sufficient for the inactivation of glycogen synthase and act synergistically to control activity. This investigation demonstrates the existence of an alternate mechanism for the phosphorylation of sites 3a and 3b that does not depend on prior phosphorylation of site 5.
Understanding quencher mechanisms by considering photoacid-dissociation equilibrium in chemically amplified resists (2005)

The quencher mechanisms in Chemically-Amplified (CA) resists have been investigated. To explain the acid distribution with a variety of acid strengths in the presence of quencher, a new full Acid-Equilibrium-Quencher model (AEQ model) is proposed and examined in solid-model-CA-resist systems. To observe the reactions in the CA resists, real-time Fourier-Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is employed during post-exposure bake (PEB). The FTIR peaks of the protection groups are detected to measure the reaction kinetics during PEB. The solid-model-CA resists used in this work consist of both a KrF-acetal-type resist with a diazomethane Photo-Acid Generator (PAG) (weaker-photoacid system) and an ArF-ester-type resist with a sulfonium-salt PAG (stronger-photoacid system). The obtained FTIR results are analyzed using conventional Full-Dissociation-Quencher model (FDQ model) and the new AEQ model. The kinetic analysis of the model resists was performed for different quencher loadings. For the weaker-photoacid system, the AEQ model much more accurately predicts the deprotection-reaction kinetics than the FDQ model with the change of quencher content. This suggests the necessity of introduction of the acid-dissociation concept in the case of the weaker photoacid. For the stronger-photoacid system, both the AEQ and conventional FDQ models adequately predict the kinetic results. This shows that the conventional FDQ model is accurate enough to simulate the super-strong photoacid system. Finally, the new AEQ model is introduced in the UC Berkeley STORM resist simulator. Some simulation examples are shown in the paper.
Efficacy and tolerability of a standardized willow bark extract in patients with osteoarthritis: randomized placebo‐controlled, double blind clinical trial (2001)

This study assessed the clinical efficacy of a chemically standardized willow bark extract in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Willow bark extract, in a dose corresponding to 240 mg salicin/day, was compared with placebo in a 2-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. The primary outcome measure was the pain dimension of the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index. Secondary outcome measures included the stiffness and physical function dimensions of the WOMAC, daily visual analogue scales (VAS) on pain and physical function, and final overall assessments by both patients and investigators. A total of 78 patients (39 willow bark extract, 39 placebo) participated in the trial. A statistically significant difference between the active treatment and the placebo group was observed in the WOMAC pain dimension (d = 6.5 mm, 95% C.I. = 0.2-12.7 mm, p = 0.047); the WOMAC pain score was reduced by 14% from the baseline level after 2 weeks of active treatment, compared with an increase of 2% in the placebo group. The patient diary VAS confirmed this result, and likewise the final overall assessments showed superiority of the willow bark extract over the placebo (patients' assessment, p = 0.0002; investigators' assessment, p = 0.0073). It is concluded that the willow bark extract showed a moderate analgesic effect in osteoarthritis and appeared to be well tolerated.
Factors responsible for differences between asymptomatic subjects and patients presenting an IgE sensitization to allergens. A GA<sup>2</sup>LEN project (2006)

The synthesis of allergen-specific IgE is required for the development of allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma (patients), but many individuals with allergen-specific IgE do not develop symptoms (asymptomatic subjects). Differences may exist between asymptomatic subjects and patients. Whether the presence of allergen-specific IgE translates into clinical allergy most likely depends on a complex interplay of multiple factors. These include a family history of atopy, the levels of total serum IgE and, allergen-specific IgE or IgG, epitope-specificity of IgE and their degree of polyclonality (mono- vs polysensitized), as yet unidentified serum factors, the balance of T regulatory cells (Treg) and Th1/Th2 cells, the polymorphisms of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI) and other factors regulating the activation of FcepsilonRI-bearing cells. Asymptomatic subjects may be more often monosensitized than patients who may be more often polysensitized. There are many unanswered important questions that need to be addressed in order to better understand how IgE sensitization translates into clinical allergy. The assessment of differences between the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups of subjects represent one of the scientific programs of Global Allergy and Asthma European Network funded by the European Union and the hypotheses underlying these differences are presented in this paper.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE TREATMENT OF SENILE CONSTIPATION WITH SHENSHEN WAN (1996)

From August 1988 through February 1991, we have successfully treated 400 cases of senile constipation with self-made Shenshen Wan with a total effective rate of 98%. A group of patients taking Maren Wan served as controls. Clinical practice has proved that Shenshen Wan can not only relax the bowels, but also improve renal functioa Furthermore, no side effects whatever were observed after a prolonged administration of the pills.
Structured Nanoaperture Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (2013)

We report nanoscale patterning of concentric ring-shaped metal corrugations around a subwavelength aperture in Ag deposited on the top facet of a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser. The presence of the patterned rings results in more than doubling the collected far-field power and a significant reduction in far-field angular width. These plasmonic aperture lasers thus have the unique property of both a small near-field spot and a relatively low beam divergence. Finite-difference time-domain simulations are consistent with the experimental results and show that the far-field pattern is highly sensitive to misalignment of the aperture and to the presence of multiple transverse laser modes.
Magnetism of α ″-Fe16N2 (invited) (1994)

The metastable α″-Fe16N2 phase may have a magnetic moment up to 50% higher than that of pure bulk α-Fe. This article addresses the following issues. (i) Can epitaxial films of α″-Fe16N2 be prepared phase pure? Yes, but there are some doubts. (ii) Can powders of α″-Fe16N2 be prepared phase pure? Not yet. (iii) Is the Mössbauer spectrum due to α″-Fe16N2, to martensite, or to something else? Most assign it to α″-Fe16N2. (iv) What is the specific saturation magnetic moment of α″-Fe16N2? Some claim it is close to that of α-Fe, most claim that it is much larger. (v) Is the high moment due to α″-Fe16N2, or to some other phase?
Ultrasound Assessment of Detrusor Thickness in Men—Can it Predict Bladder Outlet Obstruction and Replace Pressure Flow Study? (2006)

In men with LUTS without prior treatment and/or neurological disorders, ultrasonographically assessed detrusor thickness 2.9 mm or greater has a high predictive value for BOO and can replace PFS for the diagnosis of BOO. However, this cutoff value needs to be validated in a larger study population.
Experimental demonstration of enhanced hydrogen permeation in palladium via a composite catalytic‐permselective membrane (2012)

A composite catalytic‐permselective (CCP) membrane comprised of a 500‐μm Cu(II)O/Al 2 O 3 catalyst film washcoated overtop a 27‐μm electroless‐plated dense palladium thin film was constructed on a porous less‐steel substrate. Hydrogen purification experiments performed under ideal (H 2 –Ar) nonreactive mixtures and simulated reformate (5% CO, 7.5% H 2 O, 15% H 2 , 1.5% CO 2 , and balance Ar) over a range of residence times at 623–773 K confirm up to 30% enhancement in observed hydrogen permeance of the palladium film, achieved using the CCP membrane design in which the catalyst layer modifies the gas‐phase composition in direct contact with the permselective Pd film. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the palladium film after ∼10‐h exposure to reaction conditions and Cu(II)O catalyst confirm no corrosion of the film, while observed hydrogen permselectivities remained in excess of 10,000:1. These experimental results confirm that the CCP membrane design is capable of significantly improving palladium membrane performance. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1627–1634, 2013
Rapid language model development for new task domains. (1998)

Data sparseness has been regularly indicted as the primary problem in statistical language modelling. We go one step further to consider the situation when no text data is available for the target domain. We present two techniques for building efficient language models quickly for new domains. The first technique is based on using a context-free grammar to generate a corpus of word collocations. The second is an adaptation technique based on using out-of-domain corpora to estimate target domain language models. We report results of successfully using these two techniques individually and in combination to build efficient models for a spontaneous speech recognition task in a medium-sized vocabulary domain. 1.
Synthesis of Vinca Alkaloids and Related Compounds. PART LVIII. A Novel Formal Synthesis of (−)-Criocerine from (+)-Vincamine (1991)

Abstract 18-lodo criocerine (3), a synthetic precursor to (−)-criocerine (1), was prepared from (+)-vincamine (4) via a new one-step procedure. Full 1H and 13C NMR assignments for 3 are also given.
Prediction of protein surface accessibility with information theory (2001)

A new, simple method based on information theory is introduced to predict the solvent accessibility of amino acid residues in various states defined by their different thresholds. Prediction is achieved by the application of information obtained from a single amino acid position or pair-information for a window of seventeen amino acids around the desired residue. Results obtained by pairwise information values are better than results from single amino acids. This reinforces the effect of the local environment on the accessibility of amino acid residues. The prediction accuracy of this method in a jackknife test system for two and three states is better than 70 and 60 %, respectively. A comparison of the results with those reported by others involving the same data set also testifies to a better prediction accuracy in our case.
Human Health Concerns from Pet Ownership After a Tornado (1996)

In urban disasters, the behaviors of families with a human-animal bond are likely to pose a significant risk to their own and others' health and safety in urban disasters. In this small study of families affected by a tornado, the most prominent public-health concerns were failure to evacuate because of a pet and attempts of re-entry to save a pet; the most common mental-health concerns resulted from separation anxiety from a pet and refusal to accept medical treatment until a pet's well-being can be assured. These are thought to be typical issues that will arise out of the human-animal bond in urban disaster situations and differ considerably from traditional public-health concerns over dog bites, spread of zoonotic diseases, and human food contamination. Medical disaster preparedness planning should consider the substantial effects that the human-animal bond is likely to have on human recovery from large-scale urban disasters.
A Semantic Metadata Enrichment Software Ecosystem based on Metadata and Affinity Models (2017)

Information systems need to be more flexible and to allow users to find content related to their context and interests. Metadata harvesting and metadata enrichments could represent a way to help users to find content and events according to their interests. However, metadata are underused and represents an interoperability challenge. This paper presents a new framework, called SMESE, and the implementation of its prototypes that consists of its semantic metadata model, a mapping ontology model and a user interest affinity model. This proposed framework makes these models interoperable with existing metadata models.
Thermocapillary migration of long bubbles in polygonal tubes. I. Theory (2001)

Thermocapillary migration of long gas bubbles in cylinders of regular-polygonal or rectangular cross sections is studied. An imposed axial temperature gradient produces a gradient of surface tension leading to a steady migration of the bubble towards the hotter region. A leading order approximation for the bubble migration speed is found by computing the volume flux of liquid through the corner regions of the cylinder, which provide a parallel channel for the flow of fluid driven by the Marangoni stress. A global mass balance is used to relate the dimensionless bubble speed to the modified capillary number Δσ*=γTβa/σ, where β is the temperature gradient, a the tube length scale, σ the mean surface tension, and γT the temperature coefficient of surface tension. The dimensionless bubble speed is found to be linear in this parameter at leading order. The approximation is improved by accounting for the deposition of a thin film on the cylinder walls at small capillary number. A modified Landau–Levich equation governs the thin film profile, the solution of which allows the calculation of the additional flux so produced. It is found that corrections in the bubble velocity are nonlinear in Δσ*. For regular-polygonal tubes with small numbers of sides or low aspect ratio rectangular cross sections, most of the flux passes through the corner regions, while for larger numbers of sides or large aspect ratios, flow in the thin film regions dominates and the results tend toward those for cylindrical tubes.
Analysis of Retinotopic Maps in Extrastriate Cortex (1994)

Two new techniques for analyzing retinotopic maps--arrow diagrams and visual field sign maps--are demonstrated with a large electrophysiological mapping data set from owl monkey extrastriate visual cortex. An arrow diagram (vectors indicating receptive field centers placed at cortical coordinates) provides a more compact and understandable representation of retinotopy than does a standard receptive field chart (accompanied by a penetration map) or a double contour map (e.g., isoeccentricity and isopolar angle as a function of cortical x, y-coordinates). None of these three representational techniques, however, make separate areas easily visible, especially in data sets containing numerous areas with partial, distorted representations of the visual hemifield. Therefore, we computed visual field sign maps (non-mirror-image vs mirror-image visual field representation) from the angle between the direction of the cortical gradient in receptive field eccentricity and the cortical gradient in receptive field angle for each small region of the cortex. Visual field sign is a local measure invariant to cortical map orientation and distortion but also to choice of receptive field coordinate system. To estimate the gradients, we first interpolated the eccentricity and polar angle data onto regular grids using a distance-weighted smoothing algorithm. The visual field sign technique provides a more objective method for using retinotopy to outline multiple visual areas. In order to relate these arrow and visual field sign maps accurately to architectonic features visualized in the stained, flattened cortex, we also developed a deformable template algorithm for warping the photograph-derived penetration map using the final observed location of a set of marking lesions.
A Cooperative Approach to Traffic Congestion Detection With Complex Event Processing and VANET (2012)

Currently, distributed traffic information systems have come up as one of the most important approaches for detecting traffic flow problems on a road. For that purpose, they usually make use of the location information that vehicles share among them through periodical messages that are transmitted across a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). This paper puts forward an event-driven architecture (EDA) as a novel mechanism to get insight into VANET messages to detect different levels of traffic jams; furthermore, it also takes into account environmental data that come from external data sources, such as weather conditions. The proposed EDA has been developed through the complex-event-processing technology. Simulation tests show that the proposed mechanism can detect traffic congestions, which involve different numbers of lanes and lengths with short delay.