gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alkylation of isobutane with light olefins. Yields of alkylates for different olefins (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation of isobutane with light olefins. Yields of alkylates for different olefinsLyle F. Albright, Ken E. Kranz, and Kenneth R. MastersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 12, 2991–2996Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00024a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00024a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views475Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The infrared absorption spectrum of carbon dioxide ice from 1.8 to 333 μm (1997)

The optical constants of solid carbon dioxide are needed, for example, to accurately calculate the energy balance of the seasonal polar caps of Mars, which are composed primarily of CO 2 ice. Only a few measurements of uncertain accuracy have been made in the broad wavelength regions of weak absorption between the isolated narrow infrared absorption bands of solid CO 2 , which determine the reflectance and emissivity of these polar caps. A laboratory experiment was therefore undertaken to improve on and extend the wavelength range of the previous data by measuring transmission through thick samples of high quality to determine the spectral absorption coefficient α in infrared wavelength regions of low absorption between 1.8 and 333 μm (30–5555 cm −1 in wavenumber). A technique was developed to grow clear, thick CO 2 ice samples from the gas at a temperature of 150 K, with optical path lengths between 1.6 and 107.5 mm. The extremely fine spectral structure of this material was measured using resolutions finer than 0.5 cm −1 . The transmission data for all thicknesses are combined in a minimizing routine that estimates both the scattering losses for each sample (typically <20% extinction) and α (between ∼0.1 to 4000 m −1 ) at each wavelength, on the assumption that the scattering varies slowly with wavelength. The accuracy of the derived absorption coefficients was also estimated and is best in regions where α is not near the limits of measurement. Absorption coefficients obtained from the new measurements are an order of magnitude or more lower than earlier estimates in the transparent wavelength regions between the strong infrared bands. Also, many weak bands between 1.8 and 5.2 μm, which were only poorly defined previously, have been more accurately measured.
In vitro bioassay for human serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) based on L cells transfected with recombinant rat FSH receptor: validation of a model system. (1994)

FSH plays a central role in normal reproductive function, i.e. control of follicular maturation in the female and initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis in the male. The effects of FSH are mediated by its interaction with a specific receptor that belongs to the superfamily of guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptors. Due to the microheterogeneity of gonadotropins, measurement of immunoreactivity does not necessarily reflect their bioactivity. Mutations in gonadotropin beta-subunits, which affect bioreactivity and/or immunoreactivity of gonadotropins, have been described as causes of infertility, thus highlighting the need for rapid and convenient methods to measure bioactivity. To establish a model system for recombinant in vitro bioassays for FSH that would obviate the use of live animals, we developed a strategy for efficient expression of the rat FSH receptor (FSHR) in L cells. A cell line, FSHR 7/12, was developed that bound [125I]FSH with high affinity (Kd 1.42 nM) and responded to human FSH with an increase in cAMP accumulation. Untreated human serum was found to have an unspecific inhibitory effect on cAMP formation. This effect could be thoroughly avoided by mild heating (10 min at 56 C) of serum samples before addition to cells without detectable loss of FSH immunoactivity or bioactivity. Studies on the hormone-sensitive adenylyl cyclase system of transformed FSHR 7/12 cells and of the parental Ltk- cells showed that the cellular response to FSH was highly specific. Using a parallel line assay design, FSHR 7/12 cells were used to validate a novel recombinant in vitro bioassay relying on intracellular cAMP accumulation as a readout system. Up to 10% of serum could be added to the incubation buffer without leading to nonparallelism to the standard curve. When 70 serum samples of male patients attending an infertility clinic were analyzed, the novel assay system displayed high sensitivity and a close correlation (r > 0.8; P < 0.01) to the established rat Sertoli cell aromatase bioassay and to a highly specific fluoroimmunoassay. When sera of 25 normal menstruating women were analyzed for FSH bioactivity at different stages of the menstrual cycle, a midcycle FSH peak followed by a decline in the late luteal phase could be discerned. The analysis of 26 serum samples of postmenopausal women revealed a close correlation between FSH values obtained by the novel in vitro bioassay and by a fluoroimmunoassay (r = 0.90; P < 0.01). Thus, the present in vitro bioassay represents a sensitive, rapid, and convenient model system to measure bioactive FSH in human serum.
FIB/TEM Sample Preparation using a Wafer Dicing Saw (2000)

Abstract As device features shrink below sub-0.2 micron and the time from development to market reduces, the demand for using focused ion beam (FIB) to prepare TEM samples has increased tremendously over the last two years in semiconductor industry. There are many ways to prepare a TEM sample prior to the FIB one of them involves with a use of dicing saw. In our lab, about 80% of the samples were prepared using the dicing saw technique. Average time to cut out one sample is less than 20 minutes. The dicing saw we used is a Disco model DAD321 equipped with a 250X optical and ccd camera viewing monitor system. To minimize chipping, a 200 um-thick diamond resin composite blade is used. A spindle rotation speed at 30,000 rpm and a stage moving speed at 100 mm/s is set for minimizing blade ware and sample chipping. The parameters for each cut are pre-programmed, so there is no setup required.
Minimization and Optimization of Designed β-Hairpin Folds (2006)

Minimized beta hairpins have provided additional data on the geometric preferences of Trp interactions in TW-loop-WT motifs. This motif imparts significant fold stability to peptides as short as 8 residues. High-resolution NMR structures of a 16- (KKWTWNPATGKWTWQE, DeltaG(U)(298) >or= +7 kJ/mol) and 12-residue (KTWNPATGKWTE, DeltaG(U)(298) = +5.05 kJ/mol) hairpin reveal a common turn geometry and edge-to-face (EtF) packing motif and a cation-pi interaction between Lys(1) and the Trp residue nearest the C-terminus. The magnitude of a CD exciton couplet (due to the two Trp residues) and the chemical shifts of a Trp Hepsilon3 site (shifted upfield by 2.4 ppm due to the EtF stacking geometry) provided near-identical measures of folding. CD melts of representative peptides with the -TW-loop-WT- motif provided the thermodynamic parameters for folding, which reflect enthalpically driven folding at laboratory temperatures with a small DeltaC(p) for unfolding (+420 J K(-)(1)/mol). In the case of Asx-Pro-Xaa-Thr-Gly-Xaa loops, mutations established that the two most important residues in this class of direction-reversing loops are Asx and Gly: mutation to alanine is destabilizing by about 6 and 2 kJ/mol, respectively. All indicators of structuring are retained in a minimized 8-residue construct (Ac-WNPATGKW-NH(2)) with the fold stability reduced to DeltaG(U)(278) = -0.7 kJ/mol. NMR and CD comparisons indicate that -TWXNGKWT- (X = S, I) sequences also form the same hairpin-stabilizing W/W interaction.
Computer-Aided Verification of Coordinating Processes (1995)

Formal verification increasingly has become recognized as an answer to the problem of how to create ever more complex control systems, which nonetheless are required to behave reliably. To be acceptable in an industrial setting, formal verification must be highly algorithmic; to cope with design complexity, it must support a top-down design methodology that leads from an abstract design to its detailed implementation. That combination of requirements points directly to the widely recognized solution of automata-theoretic verification, on account of its expressiveness, computational complexity, and perhaps general utility as well. This book develops the theory of automata-theoretic verification from its foundations, with a focus on algorithms and heuristics to reduce the computational complexity of analysis. It is suitable as a text for a one-or two-semester graduate course, and is recommended reading for anyone planning to use a verification tool, such as COSPAN or SMV. An extensive bibliography that points to the most recent sources, and extensive discussions of methodology and comparisons with other techniques, make this a useful resource for research or verification tool development, as well. Originally published in 1995. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Intraventricular early diastolic filling during acute myocardial ischemia, assessment by multigated color m-mode Doppler echocardiography. (1993)

Color M-mode Doppler echocardiography showed a marked delay of apical peak filling velocity during PTCA. The experimental data suggest that this reflects retarded filling of the ischemic ventricle. Thus, color M-mode Doppler may provide a useful method for assessing diastolic dysfunction.
A Diathermy Applicator for the Irradiation of Rat Brain (1980)

A direct contact microwave applicator, constructed of dielectric-loaded J-band waveguide, was designed for local irradiation of the rat head with 2450 MHz CW microwaves. A stereotaxic method was used to achieve precise and reproducible orientation of the Applicator with the animal's head. Calorimetric measurements of specific bsorption rate, watts/kg, for the whole head indicated that approximately 62 percent of the net power applied to the applicator is absorbed in the head, and that a reproducible exposure condition could be achieved from one animal to the next. Thermographic pictures were taken of the bisected rat head immediately after exposure, and showed that the maximum rate of energy absorption took place within the brain, in the thalamus and mesencephalon.
Dynamic fractional frequency reuse (D‐FFR) for multicell OFDMA networks using a graph framework (2011)

ABSTRACT A graph‐based framework is proposed in this paper to implement dynamic fractional frequency reuse (D‐FFR) in a multicell Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) network. FFR is a promising resource‐allocation technique that can effectively mitigate intercell interference (ICI) in OFDMA networks. The proposed D‐FFR scheme enhances the conventional FFR by enabling adaptive spectral sharing as per cell‐load conditions. Such adaptation has significant benefits in practical systems where traffic loads in different cells are usually unequal and time‐varying. The dynamic adaptation is accomplished via a graph framework in which the resource‐allocation problem is solved in two phases: (1) constructing an interference graph that matches the specific realization of FFR and the network topology and (2) coloring the graph by use of a heuristic algorithm. Various realizations of FFR can easily be incorporated in the framework by manipulating the first phase. The performance improvement enabled by the proposed D‐FFR scheme is demonstrated by computer simulation for a 19‐cell network with equal and unequal cell loads. In the unequal‐load scenario, the proposed D‐FFR scheme offers significant performance improvement in terms of cell throughput and service rate as compared to conventional FFR and previous interference management schemes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint torque optimization of redundant manipulators via the null space damping method (2003)

A null space damping method is proposed which solves the stability problem commonly encountered in existing local joint torque optimization techniques applied to redundant manipulators. The damped joint motion is quite stable and globally outperforms undamped techniques in the sense of torque minimization capability. In addition, simulation results show that the resulting damped joint motion becomes conservative after an initial transient stage for cyclic end-effector trajectories, while undamped pseudo-inverse solutions are reported to never lead to conservative motion. Three undamped and damped joint torque optimization algorithms are considered and discussed with comparison to the previous literature. The effectiveness of the proposed null space damping method is demonstrated by computer simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A common mutation (G-455--> A) in the beta-fibrinogen promoter is an independent predictor of plasma fibrinogen, but not of ischemic heart disease. A study of 9,127 individuals based on the Copenhagen City Heart Study. (1997)

A common mutation (G-455--> A) in the promoter region of the beta-fibrinogen gene has been associated with elevated plasma fibrinogen levels. Whether fibrinogen genotype affects plasma fibrinogen levels and risk of ischemic heart disease in the general population has not been studied. We investigated the association between fibrinogen genotype, plasma fibrinogen levels, and ischemic heart disease in a general population sample (n = 9,127). The A-allele (relative frequency, 0.20) was associated with elevated plasma fibrinogen levels in both genders (P < 0.001). While the effect of the A-allele on fibrinogen level was additive in men, the effect was dominant in postmenopausal women. The A-allele raising effect appeared to be two- to threefold greater in individuals with ischemic heart disease than in those without. An increase of 1 SD in plasma fibrinogen increased the odds ratio for ischemic heart disease by approximately 20% (P < 0.01 for women and < 0.005 for men). However, the frequency of the A-allele was similar in those with and without ischemic heart disease, and genotype was not a predictor of disease. These results demonstrate that the (G-455--> A) mutation in the promoter region of the beta-fibrinogen gene is associated with an increase in plasma fibrinogen in both genders in the general population. This increase does not appear to cause ischemic heart disease.
Energy efficient video QoE optimization for dynamic adaptive HTTP streaming over wireless networks (2016)

Energy-efficient video transmission is of vital importance in achieving green communications. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient video streaming algorithm for Dynamic Adaptive HTTP Streaming (DASH) which has been a popular video content delivery mechanism. Specifically, we consider the problem of jointly optimizing network resource allocation and video quality adaptation by exploiting knowledge of a look-ahead window to the future wireless capacity variation. The proposed algorithm incorporates: 1) an iterative backward-to-forward network resource allocation method is adopted, maximizing average video quality and minimizing playback interruption given certain channel utilization cost; 2) with the increase of predicted window length and prediction accuracy, our algorithm approaches near optimal quality of experience (QoE) and energy efficiency; 3) in presence of wireless capacity prediction errors, our algorithm maintains high performance in terms of average video quality and energy efficiency. Simulation studies and analytical results show that our algorithm has better performance over traditional methods in terms of video QoE and energy efficiency.
Context-based security (2011)

We discuss the use of context for cryptographic applications and present a case study in which we exemplary utilise ambient audio to establish a common cryptographic key among devices in proximity. We show that we can tweak the security level of the application by adapting the parameters of the Reed-Solomon error correcting code utilised.
Multimodal integration (1996)

Advances in multimedia, virtual reality, and immersive environments have expanded human computer interaction beyond text and vision to include touch, gestures, voice, and 3D sound. Although well developed single modalities for communication already exist, we do not really understand the general problem of designing integrated multimodal systems. We explore this issue and the diverse approaches to it, with emphasis on a generic platform to support multimodal interaction.
Bench to Bedside Targeting of FLT3 in Acute Leukemia (2010)

FMS-Like-Tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) mutations are found in about 30% of cases of acute myeloid leukemia and confer an increased relapse rate and reduced overall survival. Targeting this tyrosine kinase by direction inhibition is the focus of both preclinical and clinical research in AML. Several molecules are in clinical development inhibit FLT3, but thus far clinical responses have been limited. Correlative studies from monotherapy trials have established that responses require sustained, effective FLT3 inhibition in vivo. Studies combining FLT3 inhibitors with chemotherapy have demonstrated increased remission rates to date but have yet to produce a survival advantage. Currently the only approved FLT3 inhibitor available for off-label use is sorafenib, which clearly has clinical activity but does not commonly lead to a complete response. Several FLT3 inhibitors are currently being tested as single agents and in combination with chemotherapy, and it seems likely that a clinically useful drug will eventually emerge.
Classification-based approach for cell outage detection in self-healing heterogeneous networks (2014)

Future mobile wireless communication networks will be featured as heterogeneity in order to enhance network performance and improve user experience. For better adaption to network challenges over its complexity and vulnerability, cell outage detection technique, a promising intelligent part of self-organizing networks (SON), has drawn considerable attention to deal with unexpected network faults. Our work is devoted to cell outage detection in a two-tier macro-pico network. Based on observation of performance metrics in time domain, we employ a classification algorithm called K-nearest neighbor (KNN) to achieve automatic anomaly detection. With some reasonable assumptions and a LTE-A system simulator, numerical experiments are implemented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Finally, localization for anomaly data and performance evaluation are further carried out to validate the classification accuracy.
Triacetic acid lactone as a potential biorenewable platform chemical (2012)

Triacetic acid lactone is demonstrated to be a versatile biorenewable molecule with potential as a platform chemical for the production of commercially valuable bifunctional chemical intermediates and end products, such as sorbic acid.
Towards software communities and software clearing houses (1992)

It is often said that software reuse requires changes in traditional software development processes. This article looks at the changes that might be required in the software industry itself if it is to be based on software reuse. We begin by introducing software communities and software clearing houses as the context for large-scale reuse of software components. We next look at issues associated with the packaging, distribution and validation of components. Because software for reuse and proprietary software are somewhat contradictory, we discuss marketing and pricing approaches that attempt to reconcile their opposing requirements. We discuss various forms that software companies may take in an environment of large-scale reuse and look at programmes, such as the European Software and Systems Initiative,1 that may have an impact on the formation of such environments.
Energy Steering of Biphasic Waveforms Using a Transvenous Three Electrode System (1999)

The optimal electrode configuration for endocardial defibrillation is still a matter of debate. Current data suggests that a two pathway configuration using the right ventricle (RV) as cathode and a common anode constituted by a superior vena cava (SVC) and a pectoral can (C) is the most effective combination. This may be related to the more uniform voltage gradient created by shocks delivered using this configuration. We hypothesized that more effective waveforms could be obtained by varying the distribution of the shock current between the two pathways of a three electrode endocardial defibrillation system. In 12 pigs, we compared the characteristics and the defibrillation efficacy of six biphasic waveforms discharged using either a two (RV-->C) or a three (RV-->SVC + C) electrode combination with the following configurations: Configuration 1 (W1): the RV apical coil was used as a cathode and the subcutaneous C as anode (RV-->C). Configuration 2 (W2): The RV was used as cathode and the combination of the atriocaval coil (SVC) and the subcutaneous C as anode (RV-->SVC + C). Configuration 3 (W3): The RV-->C was used for the first 25% of f+ and RV-->SVC + C for the remainder of the discharge including f 2 Configuration 4 (W4): The RV-->C was used for the first 50% of f+ and RV-->SVC + C for the remainder of the discharge including f 2 Configuration 5 (W5): The RV-->C was used for the first 75% of f+ and RV-->SVC + C for the remainder of the discharge including f 2. Configuration 6 (W6): The RV-->C was used for f+ and RV-->SVC + C for f 2. As an increasing fraction of the waveform was discharged using the RV-->SVC + C pathways, the impedance and the pulse width decreased while the tilt, the peak, and the average current significantly increased. The waveforms delivered using the RV-->SVC + C configuration for 100% or 75% of their duration had significantly lower stored energy DFT than the other waveform. Current distribution between three endocardial electrodes can be altered during the shock and generates waveforms with different characteristics. Shocks with 75% or more of the current flowing to the RV-->SVC + C required the lowest stored energy to defibrillate. This method of energy steering could be used to optimize current delivery in a three electrodes system.