gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating Models and Data to Estimate the Structural Reliability of Utility Poles During Hurricanes (2013)

Utility systems such as power and communication systems regularly experience significant damage and loss of service during hurricanes. A primary damage mode for these systems is failure of wooden utility poles that support conductors and communication lines. In this article, we present an approach for combining structural reliability models for utility poles with observed data on pole performance during past hurricanes. This approach, based on Bayesian updating, starts from an imperfect but informative prior and updates this prior with observed performance data. We consider flexural and foundation failure mechanisms in the prior, acknowledging that these are an incomplete, but still informative, subset of the possible failure mechanisms for utility poles during hurricanes. We show how a model-based prior can be updated with observed failure data, using pole failure data from Hurricane Katrina as a case study. The results of this integration of model-based estimates and observed performance data then offer a more informative starting point for power system performance estimation for hurricane conditions.
Bacterial leaching of a sulfide ore by <i>Thiobacillus ferrooxidans</i> and <i>Thiobacillus thiooxidans</i>: I. Shake flask studies (1988)

Bacterial leaching of a sulfide ore containing pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite was studied in shake flask experiments using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans strains isolated from mine sites. The Fe(2+)grown T. ferrooxidans isolates solubilized sphalerite preferentially over chalcopyrite leaching 7-10% Cu, 68-76% Zn, and 10-22% Fe from the ore in 18 days. The sulfur grown T. thiooxidans isolates leached Zn much more slowly and very little Fe, with a Cu-Zn extraction ratio twice the value obtained with T. ferrooxidans. The ore adapted T. ferrooxidans started solubilizing Cu and Zn without a lag period. The ore-adapted T. thiooxidans extracted Cu as well as T. ferrooxidans, but the extraction of Zn or Fe was still much slower in the low-phosphate medium, while in the high-phosphate medium it approached the value obtained with T. ferrooxidans. A high Cu-Zn extraction ratio of 0.34 was obtained with T. thiooxidans in the low phosphate medium. In the mixed-culture experiments with T. ferrooxidans and T. thiooxidans, the culture behaved as T. thiooxidans in the low-phosphate medium with a higher Cu-Zn extraction ratio and as T. ferrooxidans in the high-phosphate medium with a lower Cu-Zn extraction ratio. It is concluded that T. ferrooxidans and T. thiooxidans solubilize sulfide minerals by different mechanisms.
Variation in Vertebral Averages for Year-Classes of Atlantic Cod,<i>Gadus morhua</i>, on Flemish Cap (1981)

Analysis of the average numbers of vertebrae in 21 year-classes of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., produced on Flemish Cap during 1940-66, indicated min imal variation in vertebral averages among year-classes. Although variances of the vertebral frequencies for these year-classes were found to be heterogeneous and their means significantly different, the variances of 17 vertebral frequencies were homogeneous and their means, ranging from 54.37 to 54.78, did not differ significantly. It was concluded that the factors responsible for determining the vertebral numbers in cod on Flemish Cap are not subject to great variation.
International Co-operation between Art Libraries II: Charity Begins at Home – a National Dimension of the Universal Availability of Art Publications (1986)

Universal Availability of Publications - and of art publications - can only be achieved by efficient national exercise of certain functions: publishing, distribution - and, by libraries, acquisition, retention, and interlibrary supply. Improved availability is needed in most countries if availability in general is not to decline, and, especially when resources are in short supply, this is most likely to be achieved by combining the best or most appropriate elements of different systems but also through either centralization and/or strong coordination.
Research Progress in Structural Modification of Antimycin A (2017)

Antimycin A is a class of natural products bearing a dilactone-ring moiety as the core skeleton. These compounds have been identified as specific inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and bind to the Q i site of the cytochrome bc 1 complex. Due to its unique structure and extremly high activity, it has aroused great interest of researchers. The development and biological activities of antimycin A are mainly described, and the recent results of its structural modifications are summarized.
N,N‐Dimethyl Glycine‐Promoted Ullmann Coupling Reaction of Phenols and Aryl Halides. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of smooth nonlinear distortion on OFDM symbol error rate (2001)

Nonlinear distortion of OFDM signals can significantly increase the receiver symbol error rate (SER). Currently, distortion analyses rely on simulation, not yielding insight into the problem, or apply to specific nonlinearities only. In this letter, general analytic results are presented on the errors resulting from distortion. The results are applicable to smooth nonlinear distortion of an OFDM signal, which is the most common distortion. Simple analytical expressions are derived which allows a designer to determine the SER before performing simulations. Further, it is shown that the error on each OFDM subcarrier is approximately equally large.
Finite element modeling of CSP package subjected to board level drop test (2005)

In the present study, finite element simulations are carried out to investigate the ball grid array (BGA) chip-scale package (CSP) subjected to board level drop impact loading. Firstly, a detail 3D model is built which includes the detailed pad geometry, exact shape of solder balls and local structures around the solder balls. The detail 3D model is used to investigate the critical failure location and components. Secondly, a corresponding simplified model is developed for the CSP package to simulate the global response and local effects of the system. Good agreements for the two models are demonstrated. Furthermore, a simulation methodology and strategy for CSP package is suggested by comparing and analyzing the simulation results for the two different models. The simplified model and simulation methodology are used for further investigations to reveal the critical chip location on a given PCB undergoing drop impact test.
Homogeneous non-selective and slice-selective parallel-transmit excitations at 7 Tesla with universal pulses: A validation study on two commercial RF coils (2017)

Parallel transmission (pTx) technology, despite its great potential to mitigate the transmit field inhomogeneity problem in magnetic resonance imaging at ultra-high field (UHF), suffers from a cumbersome calibration procedure, thereby making the approach problematic for routine use. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate on two different 7T systems respectively equipped with 8-transmit-channel RF coils from two different suppliers (Rapid-Biomed and Nova Medical), the benefit of so-called universal pulses (UP), optimized to produce uniform excitations in the brain in a population of adults and making unnecessary the calibration procedures mentioned above. Non-selective and slice-selective UPs were designed to return homogeneous excitation profiles throughout the brain simultaneously on a group of ten subjects, which then were subsequently tested on ten additional volunteers in magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) and multi-slice gradient echo (2D GRE) protocols. The results were additionally compared experimentally with the standard non-pTx circularly-polarized (CP) mode, and in simulation with subject-specific tailored excitations. For both pulse types and both coils, the UP mode returned a better signal and contrast homogeneity than the CP mode. Retrospective analysis of the flip angle (FA) suggests that the FA deviation from the nominal FA on average over a healthy adult population does not exceed 11% with the calibration-free parallel-transmit pulses whereas it goes beyond 25% with the CP mode. As a result the universal pulses designed in this work confirm their relevance in 3D and 2D protocols with commercially available equipment. Plug-and-play pTx implementations henceforth become accessible to exploit with more flexibility the potential of UHF for brain imaging.
Behavioral Conditioning of Immune Responses with Cyclosporine A in a Murine Model of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (2017)

We conclude that CsA conditioning in the EAU model mitigates Th1 but enhances Th17 immune responses, and does not ameliorate disease. The results imply that in EAU the mechanism of immune conditioning interacts with CFA components during active immunization, most likely via the TLR2/NOD2 pathway, and induces differentiation of Th17 cells that drive autoimmune diseases.
Atypical antipsychotics in bipolar disorder: the treatment of mania (2008)

The development of atypical antipsychotics has stimulated research on the treatment of mania. Several well-established options now exist for monotherapy of mania. None of the atypicals has shown greater efficacy than haloperidol in improving manic symptoms, but they all produce fewer extrapyramidal side-effects and they may differ in their effects on depressive symptoms. Combinations of an antipsychotic with lithium or valproate offer further options, with somewhat greater efficacy in treating mania but also with more side-effects.
Intein-mediated assembly of a functional β-glucuronidase in transgenic plants (2003)

The DnaE intein in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 is the first and only naturally split intein that has been identified so far. It is capable of catalyzing a protein trans-splicing mechanism to assemble a mature protein from two separate precursors. Therefore, it is a powerful tool for protein modification and engineering. Inteins have not been identified, nor have intein-mediated protein splicing reactions been demonstrated, in plant cells. In this paper, we describe the use of the Ssp DnaE split intein in transgenic plants for reconstitution of a protein trans-splicing reaction. We have synthesized artificial genes that encode for N-terminal half (Int-n) and C-terminal half (Int-c) fragments of Ssp DnaE split intein and divided beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene to encode GUS-n and GUS-c parts of the enzyme as reporter. The in-frame fusions of GUSn/Intn and Intc/GUSc were constructed and transfected into Arabidopsis. We have observed in vivo reassembly of functional beta-glucuronidase when both GUSn/Intn and Intc/GUSc constructs were introduced into the same Arabidopsis genome either by cotransformation or through genetic crossing, hereby signifying an intein-mediated protein trans-splicing mechanism reconstituted in plant cells.
A SiGe Terahertz Heterodyne Imaging Transmitter With 3.3 mW Radiated Power and Fully-Integrated Phase-Locked Loop (2015)

A high-power 320 GHz transmitter using 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> = 220/280 GHz) is reported. This transmitter consists of a 4 × 4 array of radiators based on coupled harmonic oscillators. By incorporating a signal filter structure called return-path gap coupler into a differential self-feeding oscillator, the proposed 320 GHz radiator simultaneously maximizes the fundamental oscillation power, harmonic generation, as well as on-chip radiation. To facilitate the TX-RX synchronization of a future terahertz (THz) heterodyne imaging chipset, a fully-integrated phase-locked loop (PLL) is also implemented in the transmitter. Such on-chip phase-locking capability is the first demonstration for all THz radiators in silicon. In the far-field measurement, the total radiated power and EIRP of the chip is 3.3 mW and 22.5 dBm, respectively. The transmitter consumes 610 mW DC power, which leads to a DC-to-THz radiation efficiency of 0.54%. To the authors' best knowledge, this work presents the highest radiated power and DC-to-THz radiation efficiency in silicon-based THz radiating sources.
Carbon and nitrogen budgets of two Ascidians and their symbiont, <i>Prochloron</i> , in a tropical seagrass meadow (1993)

Two species of ascidian, Didemnum molle Herdman and Lissoclinum voeltzkowi Michaelsen, were collected from a Fijian seagrass meadow. The primary production of their symbiont (Prochloron), the inorganic nitrogen metabolism and the filtration rate were measured to assess the nutritional coupling between the symbiont and the host animal. The loss of organic carbon due to the respiration of D. molle (1.1 µg at. C (mg dry wt)-1 day-1) was greater than that supplied through photosynthesis of the Prochloron (0.69 µg at. C (mg dry wt)-1 day,-1). The carbon supplied through filter-feeding appeared to supplement the ascidian's carbon budget. In contrast, organic carbon from the Prochloron of L. voeltzkowi appeared to meet the colony's respiration needs. The nitrogen budgets of both ascidian colonies were estimated from their respiration rates, the nitrogen requirement of the Prochloron, and the uptake of inorganic nitrogen and particulate organic nitrogen uptake from the water column. The nitrogen incorporated from the surrounding environment could contribute to the net nitrogen gain of the colony. However, our estimate of the nitrogen needed by the Prochloron was much greater than that which could be supplied externally. The amount of nitrogen released by the ascidians was also greater than that which could be supplied externally. This suggests that nitrogen is efficiently recycled within the symbiotic Prochloron-ascidian relationship.
Drug-dependent clearance of human platelets in the NOD/scid mouse by antibodies from patients with drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (2010)

Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (DITP) is a relatively common and sometimes life-threatening condition caused by antibodies that bind avidly to platelets only when drug is present. How drug-dependent antibodies (DDAbs) are induced and how drugs promote their interaction with platelets are poorly understood, and methods for detecting DDAbs are suboptimal. A small animal model of DITP could provide a new tool for addressing these and other questions concerning pathogenesis and diagnosis. We examined whether the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/scid) mouse, which lacks xenoantibodies and therefore allows infused human platelets to circulate, can be used to study drug-dependent clearance of platelets by DDAbs in vivo. In this report, we show that the NOD/scid model is suitable for this purpose and describe studies to optimize its sensitivity for drug-dependent human antibody detection. We further show that the mouse can produce metabolites of acetaminophen and naproxen for which certain drug-dependent antibodies are specific in quantities sufficient to enable these antibodies to cause platelet destruction. The findings indicate that the NOD/scid mouse can provide a unique tool for studying DITP pathogenesis and may be particularly valuable for identifying metabolite-specific antibodies capable of causing immune thrombocytopenia or hemolytic anemia.
Purification and functional characterization of the Glu-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (1990)

The formation of glutaminyl-tRNA (Gln-tRNA) in Bacilli, chloroplasts, and mitochondria occurs in a two-step reaction. This involves misacylation of tRNA(Gln) with glutamate by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase and subsequent amidation of Glu-tRNA(Gln) to the correctly acylated Gln-tRNA(Gln) by a specific amidotransferase (Schön, A., Kannangara, C. G., Gough, S., and Söll, D. (1988) Nature 331, 187-190). Here we demonstrate the existence of this pathway in green algae and describe the purification of the Glu-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The purified enzyme showed an Mr of approximately 120,000 when analyzed by glycerol gradient sedimentation and gel filtration. An apparent Mr of 63,000 of the denatured protein was demonstrated by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. This indicates that the enzyme possesses an alpha 2 structure. The substrate for the purified enzyme is Glu-tRNA(Gln) but not Glu-tRNA(Glu). The enzyme requires ATP, Mg2+, and an amide donor for the conversion. Acceptable amide donors are glutamine, asparagine, and ammonia. Blocking of the glutamine-dependent reaction by alkylation of the protein with 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine did not inhibit the ammonia-dependent reaction, suggesting that the enzyme has separate glutamine and ammonia binding sites. As suggested by Wilcox (Wilcox, M. (1969) Eur. J. Biochem. 11, 405-412) the amidation reaction may involve glutamyl-phosphate formation, since ATP is cleaved to ADP when the enzyme is incubated with Glu-tRNA(Gln) and ATP. In common with other glutamine amidotransferases, the enzyme also possesses low glutaminase activity. The purified Glu-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase forms a stable complex with Glu-tRNA(Gln) in the presence of ATP and Mg2+ but in the absence of the amide donor as determined by gradient centrifugation.
Comparative effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis of local application of vancomycin powder in posterior spinal fusion for spine trauma (2013)

The use of adjuvant vancomycin powder was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative infection as well as infection-related medical cost. These findings suggest that use of adjuvant vancomycin powder in high-risk patients undergoing spinal fusion is a cost-saving option for preventing postoperative infections, as it can lead to cost-savings of $438,165 per 100 spinal fusions performed.
Pharmacokinetics Study and Clinical Evaluation on Boanmycin (2005)

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of boanmycin and to make a clinical evaluation on which.METHODS:36patients with malignant tumor were subjected to the first stage of clinical study after injected intramuscular injection.with0.5～7.5mg/m 2 boanmycin.Of which,8patients were chosen as the subjects for the pharmacokinetic study by microbioassay.RESULTS:Boanmycin had little influence on the functions of heart,liver,kidney and lungs and which had no inhibitory action on bone marrow.After intramuscular injection with5.29～7.65mg/m 2 boanmycin,parameters of pharmaˉcokinetics in the patients were determined as the following:t 1/2α was(14.036±4.409)min,t 1/2β was(39.160±5.599)min,AUC was(14.697±1.826)(μg·min)/ml and CLs was(0.781±0.102)L/min.CONCLUSION:Serum clearance of boanmycin shows two-compartment model.
Grupo Bodegas: de la bodega a su casa (2002)

The use of non-lethal expression-inhibitory doses of antimicrobial agents prior to bactericidal ones in treating E. coli O157:H7 infection is effective and may be potentially useful in human infections with this agent in addition to other Shiga toxin producing E. coli strains.
Role of calcium influx and buffering in the kinetics of Ca(2+)-activated K+ current in rat vagal motoneurons (1992)

1. Intracellular recordings were obtained from neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) in transverse slices of the rat medulla maintained in vitro. These neurons had a resting potential of -59.8 +/- 8.7 (SD) mV. Single action potentials elicited by brief depolarizing current pulses were followed by a prolonged afterhyperpolarization (AHP). Under voltage clamp, the current underlying the AHP was found to be a calcium-activated potassium current. 2. The outward current (GkCa,1) was voltage insensitive and was not blocked by tetraethylammonium (TEA) (10 mM). Unlike the slower time course calcium-activated potassium current recorded in some other neurons, GkCa,1 was blocked by apamin (25-100 nM), indicating that SK type calcium-activated potassium channels underlie this current. 3. GkCa,1 was maximal within 10 ms of the action potential and its decay was well described by a single exponential. After a single action potential the time constant of decay of GkCa,1 was 155 +/- 66 (+/- SD) ms. 4. Calcium influx was increased by adding TEA to the extracellular solution or by firing more than one action potential. As the calcium load was increased, both the peak amplitude and the time constant of decay of GkCa,1 increased. In cells impaled with ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)-filled electrodes, the time constant of decay of GkCa,1 after a single action current was 71 +/- 19 ms. 5. A simple diffusion-based model that incorporates two intrinsic calcium buffers is developed that accounts for many of the properties of GkCa,1. It is concluded that the decay of GkCa,1 reflects the time course of removal of calcium that has entered the cell during the action potential.
Hybrid agent based control architecture supported by T-temporal Petri nets (2002)

Presents a hybrid agent based architecture for the control of flexible manufacturing systems The main goal of the architecture is to solve a class of problems raised by agent based control systems: the non-optimality of the control policy, especially from the time point of view. A supervisory level is designed for this purpose, having as its main task to evaluate different possible control policies and to advise agents in choosing the optimal one. The modeling support used for this purpose is T-temporal Petri nets.
A multi-modes charge-pump based high efficiency wide input range DC-DC converter (2010)

A high efficiency charge-pump based wide input range DC-DC converter is proposed. The first stage is a multi-modes charge-pump and the second stage is a synchronous buck converter. The charge-pump is unregulated and adaptively switches between 1x, 0.5x, and 0.33x modes according to input voltage. It does the rough voltage conversion while buck converter does the fine voltage regulation. As they exhibit different efficiency tendency within the same input range, the total efficiency can get improved by combining them, especially at high input voltage. Detailed theoretical efficiency analysis and comparison between multi-modes charge-pump and synchronous Buck are given in this paper. The control benefits brought by the two-stage solution of wide input range DC-DC converter are also analyzed. A 10 W prototype is built to verify the benefits of proposed solution. Experiment results show that the highest efficiency improvement is 7% at heavy load and 16% at light load.
Predictors of response to systemic therapy in breast cancer. (2002)

The most appropriate systemic therapy for a population of patients with breast cancer is determined from clinical trial data. However, the heterogeneity of breast cancer is such that within a population individual patients derive variable benefit. There is therefore a need for predictive molecular factors in order that treatment can be individualised. This review describes the roles of HER-2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), oestrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PgR), Ki67, Bcl-2, p53 and gene expression profiling in predicting responses to endocrine, cytotoxic and biological therapies. ER and PgR remain the only well-established predictive markers of responses to endocrine therapy, although HER-2/neu has an emerging role in this area and in choice of adjuvant chemotherapy. There are considerable methodological difficulties in identifying useful predictive factors but on the basis of current evidence other biomarkers add little additional information. The development of targeted therapies means that the molecular targets themselves may become useful predictive factors for directing use of these therapies. HER-2 already has an established role in this area, but the role of EGFR requires further elaboration. The use of DNA microarrays to assess gene expression profiles may revolutionise our ability to predict responses to therapy.