gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Global Approach to Identify Novel Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Targets among Proteins of Unknown Function (2003)

Attempted allelic replacement of 144 Streptococcus pneumoniae open reading frames of previously uncharacterized function led to the identification of 36 genes essential for growth under laboratory conditions. Of these, 14 genes (obg, spoIIIJ2, trmU, yacA, yacM, ydiC, ydiE, yjbN, yneS, yphC, ysxC, ytaG, yloI and yxeH4) were also essential in Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae or Escherichia coli, 2 genes (yrrK and ydiB) were only essential in H. influenzae as well as S. pneumoniae and 8 genes were necessary for growth of S.pneumoniae and S. aureus and did not have a homolog in H. influenzae(murD2, ykqC, ylqF, yqeH, ytgP, yybQ) or were not essential in that organism (yqeL, yhcT). The proteins encoded by these genes could represent good targets for novel antibiotics covering different therapeutic profiles. The putative functions of some of these essential proteins, inferred by bioinformatic analysis, are presented. Four mutants, with deletions of loci not essential for in vitro growth, were found to be severely attenuated in a murine respiratory tract infection model, suggesting that not all targets for antibacterial therapeutics are revealed by simple in vitro essentiality testing. The results of our experiments together with those collated from previously reported studies including Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Mycoplasma sp. demonstrate that gene conservation amongst bacteria does not necessarily indicate that essentiality in one organism can be extrapolated to others. Moreover, this study demonstrates that different experimental procedures can produce apparently contradictory results.
306. Corroles. Part I. Synthesis (1965)

A. W. Johnson and I. T. Kay, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 1620 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650001620
Models for predicting temperature dependence of material properties of aluminum (2014)

A number of processes such as laser ablation, laser welding, electric discharge machining, etc involve high temperatures. Most of the processes involve temperatures much higher than the target melting and normal boiling point. Such large variation in target temperature causes a significant variation in its material properties. Due to the unavailability of experimental data on material properties at elevated temperatures, usually the data at lower temperatures is often erroneously extrapolated during modelling of these processes. Therefore, this paper attempts to evaluate the variation in material properties with temperature using some general and empirical theories, along with the available experimental data for aluminum. The evaluated properties of Al using the proposed models show a significant variation with temperature. Between room temperature and near-critical temperature (0.9T(c)), surface reflectivity of Al varies from more than 90% to less than 50%, absorption coefficient decreases by a factor of 7, thermal conductivity decreases by a factor of 5, density decreases by a factor of 4, specific heat and latent heat of vapourization vary by a factor between 1.5 and 2. Applying these temperature-dependent material properties for modelling laser ablation suggest that optical properties have a greater influence on the process than thermophysical properties. The numerical predictions of the phase explosion threshold in laser ablation are within 5% of the experimental values.
Hyperosmolarity stimulates prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in activated rat liver macrophages (1995)

The effect of aniso-osmotic exposure on the level of inducible cyclooxygenase (Cox-2) and on prostanoid synthesis was studied in cultured rat liver macrophages (Kupffer cells). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated Kupffer cells, hyperosmotic (355 mosmol/l) exposure, due to addition of NaCl or impermeant sugars, markedly increased prostaglandin (PG) E2, D2 and thromboxane B2 synthesis in a time- and osmolarity-dependent manner. Increased prostanoid production was observed about 8 h after exposure to LPS in hyperosmotic medium compared to Kupffer cells treated with LPS under normotonic (305 mosmol/l) conditions. A similar stimulatory effect of hyperosmolarity on PGE2 production was also seen when arachidonate was added exogenously. Hyperosmotic stimulation of PGE2 production was accompanied by a strong induction of Cox-2 mRNA levels and an increase in immunoreactive Cox-2, whereas the levels of immunoreactive phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase-1 did not change significantly. Dexamethasone, indomethacin and the selective Cox-2 inhibitor, NS-398, abolished the hypertonicity-induced stimulation of PGE2 formation; dexamethasone also prevented the increase in Cox-2 mRNA and protein. The increase of immunoreactive Cox-2 lasted for about 24 h and was also blocked by actinomycin D or cycloheximide, but not by brefeldin A. Tunicamycin or treatment with endoglucosidase H reduced the molecular mass of hypertonicity-induced Cox-2 by 5 kDa. Tunicamycin treatment also suppressed the hypertonicity-induced stimulation of PGE2 production. The hyperosmolarity/LPS-induced stimulation of prostaglandin formation was partly sensitive to protein kinase C inhibition but was not accompanied by an increase in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration. The data suggest that osmolarity may be a critical factor in the regulation of Cox-2 expression and prostanoid production in activated rat liver macrophages.
A Comparative Study of Learning Motivation among Engineering Students in South East Asia and Beyond (2009)

This investigation covers learning motivation among engineering students and the relationships between learning approaches and those motivating factors. A questionnaire-based research framework that addresses these motivating factors and their linkages with team learning and action-learning approaches was employed. The findings from the study provide insights into the development of teaching inventories for engineering students. To enable students to learn effectively, a supportive setting with pulling forces should be provided (i.e. rewards, achievement, clear goals) and a cooperative group-based learning environment should exist (i.e. group pressure). Based on this study, suggestions are offered regarding what can be developed to promote students' motivation.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF NONMOTORIZED TRANSPORTATION (1995)

For the past decade, cellular oncogenes have attracted the attention of biologists intent on understanding the molecular origins of cancer. As the present decade unfolds, oncogenes are yielding their place at center stage to a second group of actors, the tumor suppressor genes, which promise to teach us equally important lessons about the molecular mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis.
Condensation des Dichloracetals mit Phenol und Toluol (1894)

Condensation des Dichloracetals init Phenoluiid Toluol; yo11
Hierarchical Assembly of Plasmonic Nanoparticles (2015)

In this Minireview, we summarize recent advances in the ordering of plasmonic nanoparticles over extended areas on solid substrates. The spotlight is thus focused on examples showing one-, two-, and three-dimensional assemblies, with a particular attention on assemblies displaying hierarchical order. Throughout the manuscript we identify the main parameters and methods that can be tuned to achieve long range organization.
Ordering Selection Operators Using the Minmax Regret Rule (2015)

Optimising queries in real-world situations under imperfect conditions is still a problem that has not been fully solved. We consider finding the optimal order in which to execute a given set of selection operators under partial ignorance of their selectivities. The selectivities are modelled as intervals rather than exact values and we apply a concept from decision theory, the minimisation of the maximum regret, as a measure of optimality. We show that the associated decision problem is NP-hard, which renders a brute-force approach to solving it impractical. Nevertheless, by investigating properties of the problem and identifying special cases which can be solved in polynomial time, we gain insight that we use to develop a novel heuristic for solving the general problem. We also evaluate minmax regret query optimisation experimentally, showing that it outperforms a currently employed strategy of optimisers that uses mean values for uncertain parameters.
A design of high-speed image acquisition card based on PCI EXPRESS (2010)

This paper presents a design of a kind of high speed image acquisition card based on PCI Express bus. The program uses FPGA to decode Cameralink image data, using on-chip resources to achieve the FIFO and off-chip SDRAM control logic, making a high-speed connection with the host pc through the PEX8311 based on PCI EXPRESS bus. After testing, the speed is satisfying the needs of high- speed raw image acquisition.
Exploitation of pigment biosynthesis pathway as a selective chemotherapeutic approach for malignant melanoma. (1993)

Human malignant melanoma represents a difficult therapeutic challenge to both medical scientists and practicing physicians. However, the biologic uniqueness of the tumor may provide opportunities for exploitation in therapeutics. This study proposed to undertake a systemic approach to the chemotherapy of malignant melanoma based upon the uniqueness of pigment-cell metabolic pathway pertaining to conversion of tyrosine and dopa with subsequent formation of melanin by tyrosinase and its related enzymes. The sulphur homologue of tyrosine, cysteinylphenol (CP), its amine derivative, cysteaminylphenol (CAP), and their N-acetyl and alpha-methyl derivatives have been synthesized and tested in in vivo and in vitro melanocytotoxicity and antimelanoma effects. These phenolic thioethers (PTEs) and phenolic thioether amine (amides) (PTEAs), which are substrates of tyrosinase, showed significant cytotoxicity that is selective to melanocytes and melanoma cells. Most previous attempts to impair the melanin pathway as a therapeutic strategy have been of limited success because they have been directed to catecholic compounds that are unstable and insufficient in lethality at physiologically tolerable doses. By contrast, our approach relies on phenolic compounds, PTEs and PTEAs, which are more stable than catechols and become toxic only after oxidation by tyrosinase. We found PTEA as the most promising agent for the future development of chemotherapeutic agents. The possible biologic, chemical, and pharmacologic reactions of these synthetic compounds within the melanoma cells are studied and discussed.
SIMET, a solution for optimal trajectory management under weather and environmental constraints (2014)

SIMET is an original weather environment simulator, developed to support demonstrations and engineering studies of future flight management functions. Backed by a large database of actual weather observations and forecasts, it has the capability to simulate very realistic weather conditions, covers most of the extreme weather situations that can be encountered in real operations and validates the robustness of the studied solutions. SIMET can be interfaced with existing flight simulators using a dedicated message-oriented protocol. It can also be used to select and extract weather datasets for ingestion by engineering model simulations offline.
Developmental Changes in the Free Amino Acid Pool and Total Protein Amino Acids of Pea Cotyledons (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) (1983)

Changes in the levels of twenty-two free amino acids and in the amino acid composition of the total protein were measured throughout the development of cotyledons of a dwarf garden pea, Pisum sativum cv Greenfeast, grown in a constant environment. A sensitive double-isotope dansylation technique was used. Fresh weight, dry weight, and protein content were also followed. Twenty of the amino acids showed synchronous changes in levels, giving a developmental pattern containing four peaks; major peaks occurred very early and very late in development. The amino acid composition of the total protein, which was always very different from that of the free amino acid pool, showed early changes to one consistent with the final storage protein composition of the seed. These changes included a 50% drop in methionine content and a 70% rise in cysteine. While the maximum free methionine level occurred early in development, that of cysteine was late.
[Antibiotics of an aromatic nature from Pseudomonas cepacia]. (1992)

A raw antibiotic has been isolated from culture fluid of strain Pseudomonas cepacia 5798. It was methylated and separated into individual components using the column and thin-layer chromatography. The isolated substances possessed antimicrobial activity; two of them were studied more in detail by the UV-, IR- and PMR-spectroscopy methods. Results of the study of physicochemical properties of methyl derivatives of antibiotics from P. cepacia permit supposing that the latter are aromatic substances with nitrogen atoms in the side chain.
Biological control of foot and root rot in pea caused by Fusarium solani with nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates (1994)

Two nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were examined for their ability to counteract F. solani f.sp. pisi, which causes foot and dry root rot in pea. Antagonism was studied in vitro, in a sterilized field soil, and in six natural field soils. Besides native F. solani, other typical pea root rot pathogens occurred in the natural field soils. Both nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates reduced disease severity and prevented the plant weight losses that occurred owing to F. solani f.sp. pisi in sterilized soil. Precolonization of sterilized soil with nonpathogenic isolates increased the antagonistic effect. Also, in highly infested field soils the addition of nonpathogenic isolates resulted in lower disease severities and higher yields. Colonization of the soil organic matter by F. oxysporum reached 100% in sterilized soil, independent of the presence of F. solani, and 40 – 90% in naturally infested soils containing native F. solani. The performance of benomyl-resistant mutants of F. oxysporum did not differ from their wild types. Key words: antagonism, soil organic matter, colonization, Pisum sativum.
Transfer Techniques in Protein Blotting (2003)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is an extremely powerful tool for the analysis of complex protein mixtures. Although the value of this method cannot be questioned, it is restricted in that the separated proteins remain buried within the dense gel matrix and are not readily available for further investigation. A number of methods have been developed in order to try and overcome this problem, for example the elution of proteins from excised gel slices (see Chapter 19 ). Alternatively, proteins have been studied while they are still buried within the gel using a variety of in situ peptide mapping (see Chapter 22 ) and gel overlay techniques (for example, see ref. 1). Unfortunately all of these methods have serious drawbacks: in the case of protein elution and in situ peptide mapping techniques, the resolution and number of bands that can be processed is restricted, whereas the gel overlay techniques are generally time-consuming and insensitive.
Osmotic Pumps in Drug Delivery (2004)

In recent years, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been recognized as an attractive niche for the pharmaceutical and health industry. Among various NDDS, osmotic pumps have matured from their use with laboratory animals to the most reliable controlled release systems for humans. Osmotically controlled drug delivery systems use osmotic pressure for controlled delivery of active agent(s). Drug delivery from these systems, to a large extent, is independent of the physiological factors of the gastrointestinal tract. Because of their unique advantages over other types of dosage forms, osmotic pumps form a class of their own among the various drug delivery technologies, and a variety of products based on this technology are available on the market. This article is a review of different types of osmotic pumps and their role in drug delivery.
Conserved MicroRNA Characteristics in Mammals (2006)

Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) probably enter different stages of the microRNA (miRNA) pathway for depletion of mRNA and suppression of protein translation. Primary and secondary structural characteristics that are shared between endogenous primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) may contribute toward efficient biogenesis and potent silencing. This study investigates known miRNA transcripts for characteristics that are conserved between miRNAs and that distinguish them from random hairpins with similar lengths. The primary structure is conserved, as demonstrated by a significant presence or absence of certain bases at specific positions in the miRNA precursors and their flanking regions. The secondary structure is also conserved between miRNAs, as internal loops and bulges commonly appear in specific positions in the miRNA stem. The conservation of base-pairing continues past the mature duplex and 13 bases into the primary stem, with no detectable conservation of secondary structure beyond this region. Based on these observations, we have designed a hairpin construct that incorporates the most important characteristics present in endogenous miRNAs. Preliminary experiments suggest that this construct may rescue the efficacy of shRNA triggers that cannot be used with a miR-30-based hairpin, and vice versa.
Air Oxidation of Resin Acids. III. The Photosensitized Oxidation of Neoabietic Acid and the Configurations of the Pine Gum Resin Acids (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAir Oxidation of Resin Acids. III. The Photosensitized Oxidation of Neoabietic Acid and the Configurations of the Pine Gum Resin AcidsWalter H. Schuller and Ray V. LawrenceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 11, 2563–2570Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01472a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01472a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Single layer fluropolymer resists for 157-nm lithography (2003)

We have developed a family of 157 nm resists that utilize fluorinated terpolymer resins composed of 1) tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), 2) a norbornene fluoroalcohol (NBFOH), and 3) <i>t</i>-butyl acrylate (<i>t</i>-BA). TFE incorporation reduces optical absorbance at 157 nm, while the presence of a norbornene functionalized with hexafluoroisopropanol groups contributes to aqueous base (developer) solubility and etch resistance. The <i>t</i>-butyl acrylate is the acid-catalyzed deprotection switch that provides the necessary contrast for high resolution 157 nm imaging. 157 nm optical absorbances of these resists depend strongly upon the amount of <i>t</i>-BA in the polymers, with the TFE/NBFOH dipolymers (which do not contain <i>t</i>-BA) exhibiting an absorbance lower than 0.6 μm<sup>-1</sup>. The presence of greater amounts of <i>t</i>-BA increases the absorbance, but also enhances the dissolution rate of the polymer after deprotection, yielding higher resist contrast. Formulated resists based upon these fluorinated terpolymer resins have been imaged at International Sematech, using the 157 nm Exitech microstepper with either 0.6 NA or 0.85 NA optics. We have carefully explored the relationship between imaging performance, resist contrast, optical absorbance, and <i>t</i>-BA content of these terpolymer resist resins, and describe those results in this contribution.
General Petit's Account of the Waterloo Campaign (1903)

General Petit's Account of the Waterloo Campaign Get access G. C. MOORE SMITH G. C. MOORE SMITH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XVIII, Issue LXX, April 1903, Pages 321–326, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XVIII.LXX.321 Published: 01 April 1903
Circuit as a sensor, a practical approach toward embedded electronic prognostics (2007)

The maintainability and reliability of critical electronic systems such as radars and global positioning system (GPS) on military and commercial aircrafts is a significant concern. Practical condition assessment and prediction of remaining useful life for such systems offer significant potential for improved readiness and field reliability. This paper introduces the 'circuit as a sensor' concept as an innovative and practical PHM solution for electronic systems through proof of concept using radio frequency digital (RF/D) systems. To demonstrate the feasibility of this concept, an economical test platform operating in the frequency range representative of modern avionic systems, with available system and component features was selected. An experiment to study the effects of degradation from the highly accelerated tests on diagnostic features as well as derive failure progression trends was conducted. Results from this research are presented. The embedded diagnostic and prognostic capability developed is scalable and can be applied to broad class of electronic systems.
Breast cancer survivability prediction using labeled, unlabeled, and pseudo-labeled patient data (2013)

Our proposed algorithm, 'SSL Co-training', implements this concept based on SSL. SSL Co-training was tested using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database for breast cancer and it delivered a mean accuracy of 76% and a mean area under the curve of 0.81.
3D hand gesture analysis based on multi-criterion in multi-camera system (2008)

This article discusses about the detection of hand gesture based on computer stereovision theory. The sheltering problem of key point in the fingers is solved effectively by using the multi-camera system method. Some constraints and several reasonable and effective algorithms of matching are used to distinguish the key points on different fingers. Because of using these methods, the matching problem of the key points is solved. Several experimental results show these algorithms are effective.