gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The S-layer of Caulobacter crescentus: three-dimensional image reconstruction and structure analysis by electron microscopy (1992)

The regular surface protein structure (S-layer) of Caulobacter crescentus was analyzed by electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction to a resolution of 2 nm. Projections showed that the S-layer is an array of ring structures, each composed of six subunits that are arranged on a lattice with p6 symmetry. Three-dimensional reconstructions showed that the ring subunits were approximately rod-shaped structures and were perpendicular to the plane of the array, with a linker arm emanating from approximately the middle of the rod, accounting for the connections between the rings. The calculated subunit mass was ca. 100 kDa, very close to the size of RsaA (the protein known to be at least the predominant species in the S-layer) predicted from the DNA sequence of the rsaA gene. The core region of the rings creates an open pore 2.5 to 3.5 nm in diameter. The size of the gaps between the neighboring unit cells is in the same range, suggesting a uniform porosity predicted to exclude molecules larger than ca. 17 kDa. Attempts to remove membrane material from S-layer preparations with detergents revealed that the structure spontaneously rearranged into a mirror-image double layer. Negative-stain and thin-section electron microscopy examination of colonies of C. crescentus strains with a mutation in a surface molecule involved in the attachment of the S-layer showed that shed RsaA protein organized into large sheets. The sheets in turn organized into stacks that tended to accumulate near the upper surface of the colony. Image reconstruction indicated that these sheets were also precise mirror-image double layers, and thickness measurements obtained from thin sections were consistent with this finding. The sheets were absent when these mutant strains were grown without calcium, supporting other data that calcium is involved in attachment of the S-layer to a surface molecule and perhaps in subunit-subunit interactions. We propose that when the membrane is removed from S-layer fragments by detergents or the attachment-related surface molecule is absent, the attachment sites of the S-layer align precisely to form a double layer via a calcium interaction.
A computational framework for learning production planning policies (2009)

In a variety of production settings in industries such as consumer packaged goods (CPG), pharma and other consumer goods, a number of related items are produced together in the same production mode. The production of these families require setup of capacities, which can incur significant costs in terms of labor, material, etc. Hence production planners are faced with the challenge of determining production quantities and the sequence of changeovers so as to achieve an optimal long-term cost-containment strategy. In this paper, we detail the problem formulation and a simulation based policy learning framework. We also discuss the results of our computations performed using this framework.
Johnson noise thermometry measurements using a quantized voltage noise source for calibration (2003)

We describe a new approach to Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) that exploits recent advances in Josephson voltage standards and digital signal processing techniques. Currently, high-precision thermometry using Johnson noise is limited by the nonideal performance of electronic measurement systems. By using the perfectly quantized voltage pulses from a series array of Josephson junctions, any arbitrary broadband waveform can be synthesized and used as a calculable noise source for calibrating the cross-correlation electronics used in JNT systems. With our prototype JNT system, we have found agreement to two parts in 10/sup 3/ with a 1/spl sigma/ uncertainty of 1/spl times/10/sup -3/ between the voltage noise of a 100-/spl Omega/ resistor in a triple-point Ga cell (T/sub 90/= 302.916 K) and a pseudo-noise waveform with the same average power that is synthesized by a quantized voltage noise source. We estimate the temperature of the resistor to be 302.5 K/spl plusmn/0.3 K (1/spl sigma/ uncertainty based on the uncertainty from the cross-correlation). With better characterization of our JNT system, we expect to achieve relative accuracies of parts in 10/sup 5/ for arbitrary temperatures in the range between 270 and 1000 K.
Effect of Gasoline Quality on Throttle Response of Engines During Warm-Up (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An investigation of throttle response of engines during warm-up was conducted using various gasolines. Test data were obtained from an engine on a test bench at intermediate temperature around 20∼ 30 °C. By using the engine test bench data, correlation coefficients between engine response time and gasoline characteristics were calculated.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The result shows that the middle range of distillation temperature is an important factor in gasoline characteristics for warm-up driveability of fuel injected engines. It also shows that 50% distillation temperature can be used as one indication of warm-up driveability. This indication is effective only for hydrocarbon type gasolines. In the case of MTBE blended gasoline, the distillation temperature becomes low when MTBE is blended to gasoline, but throttle response was not improved.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It is also found that the effect of gasoline distillation on throttle response is enhanced by intake valve deposits. Hence effect of gasoline detergent additive in Japanese market was investigated. Some of the detergents produced more intake valve deposits than no detergent.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It is concluded that distillation characteristics and detergent additive are important factors of gasoline quality for engine response, in other words, vehicle driveability.</div>
New metabolically stabilized analogues of lysophosphatidic acid: agonists, antagonists and enzyme inhibitors (2005)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a metabolically labile natural phospholipid with a bewildering array of physiological effects. We describe herein a variety of long-lived receptor-specific agonists and antagonists for LPA receptors. Several LPA and PA (phosphatidic acid) analogues also inhibit LPP (lipid phosphate phosphatase). The sn-1 or sn-2 hydroxy groups have been replaced by fluorine, difluoromethyl, difluoroethyl, O-methyl or O-hydroxyethoxy groups to give non-migrating LPA analogues that resist acyltransferases. Alkyl ether replacement of acyl esters produced lipase and acyltransferase-resistant analogues. Replacement of the bridging oxygen in the monophosphate by an α-monofluoromethylene-, α-bromomethylene- or α,α-difluoromethylenephosphonate gave phosphatase-resistant analogues. Phosphorothioate analogues with O-acyl and O-alkyl chains are potent, long-lived agonists for LPA1 and LPA3 receptors. Most recently, we have (i) prepared stabilized O-alkyl analogues of lysobisphosphatidic acid, (ii) explored the structure–activity relationship of stabilized cyclic LPA analogues and (iii) synthesized neutral head group trifluoromethylsulphonamide analogues of LPA. Through collaborative studies, we have collected data for these stabilized analogues as selective LPA receptor (ant)agonists, LPP inhibitors, TREK (transmembrane calcium channel) K+ channel agonists, activators of the nuclear transcription factor PPAR-γ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ), promoters of cell motility and survival, and radioprotectants for human B-cells.
Development of a standardized peripheral nerve block procedure note form (2005)

A form was developed to help meet the medical, legal, and billing requirements of documentation consistent with the performance of peripheral nerve block.
ChemInform Abstract: [<sup>3</sup>H]‐M‐MPEP, a Potent, Subtype‐Selective Radioligand for the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mobile multimedia considerations (1999)

The author considers how two approaches appear to meet the communication requirements of mobile multimedia applications. One is to add packet switching capabilities (and higher bandwidths) to cellular systems, as the third-generation International Mobile Telecommunications systems do. The other approach is to build a wireless equivalent of the successful local area networks that carry the bulk of today's multimedia traffic. We need new approaches that can create the technological breakthrough required for the next generation of mobile multimedia systems. The author discusses user interfaces, data compression and protocols.
Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomics for Understanding Neurological Disorders: Current Status and Statistical Considerations (2012)

Investigation of the metabolic status of the brain is problematic due to its inaccessibility. NMR-based metabolomics offers potential diagnostic capabilities via measurement of brain or related biofluid metabolic profiles. In this review we examine the extent to which NMR and MRS have been employed in studies of neurological disorders, the information obtainable, the strengths and limitations of each technology. The potential for wider application of these complementary technologies in metabolomics research is discussed, both in isolation and in combination. The current status of the statistical framework for dealing with these data sets is also examined and suggestions offered for future directions. Keywords: Blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
A low power quadrature direct digital frequency synthesizer using non–linear resistor string DACs (1998)

A quadrature direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) was designed and implemented in a 1.2 µm CMOS process using two non-linear resistor string DACs. These DACs are used in place of the phase-to-amplitude ROM look-up tables and the linear DACs in a conventional quadrature DDFS to give a low power design. At 25 MHz clock frequency, the DDFS dissipates less than 4 mW at 3.3 V and has SFDR better than 55 dBc at low synthesized frequencies.
Reconstruction of 3D scenes from sequences of images (2013)

Reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) scenes is an active research topic in the field of computer vision and 3D display. It’s a challenge to model 3D objects rapidly and effectively. A 3D model can be extracted from multiple images. The system only requires a sequence of images taken with cameras without knowing the parameters of camera, which provide flexibility to a high degree. We focus on quickly merging point cloud of the object from depth map sequences. The whole system combines algorithms of different areas in computer vision, such as camera calibration, stereo correspondence, point cloud splicing and surface reconstruction. The procedure of 3D reconstruction is decomposed into a number of successive steps. Firstly, image sequences are received by the camera freely moving around the object. Secondly, the scene depth is obtained by a non-local stereo matching algorithm. The pairwise is realized with the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm. An initial matching is then made for the first two images of the sequence. For the subsequent image that is processed with previous image, the point of interest corresponding to ones in previous images are refined or corrected. The vertical parallax between the images is eliminated. The next step is to calibrate camera, and intrinsic parameters and external parameters of the camera are calculated. Therefore, The relative position and orientation of camera are gotten. A sequence of depth maps are acquired by using a non-local cost aggregation method for stereo matching. Then point cloud sequence is achieved by the scene depths, which consists of point cloud model using the external parameters of camera and the point cloud sequence. The point cloud model is then approximated by a triangular wire-frame mesh to reduce geometric complexity and to tailor the model to the requirements of computer graphics visualization systems. Finally, the texture is mapped onto the wire-frame model, which can also be used for 3D display. According to the experimental results, we can reconstruct a 3D point cloud model more quickly and efficiently than other methods.
Aberrant Scinderin Expression Correlates With Liver Metastasis and Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer (2019)

Many genes and mutations have been reported for colorectal cancer (CRC); however, very few have been associated with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM). We performed gene expression profiling experiments to identify genetic markers for CRLM and elucidate the molecular mechanisms. Microarray experiments were performed on CRC primary tumor samples with or without liver metastasis (LM) using the Affymetrix U133 plus 2.0 GeneChip Array. A new identified gene-scinderin (<i>SCIN</i>) was overexpressed with synchronous LM at both the RNA level evaluated with quantitative real-time PCR and protein level evaluated with immunohistochemistry and also with short overall survival analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method. With multivariate analysis indicated that <i>SCIN</i> served as an independent poor prognostic predictor for CRC patients. Disease-free survival was also significantly lower in <i>SCIN</i> overexpressing CRC patients with metachronous LM. In addition, <i>SCIN</i> knockdown significantly reduced cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and promoted the expression of some cell cycle apoptosis-related protein. Moreover, the <i>DIAPH1</i>, <i>STAT3</i>, <i>CDK2</i>, <i>CDK4</i>, and <i>EGFR</i> levels were downregulated, whereas <i>CDKN2B</i> and <i>COL4A1</i> were upregulated in DLD-1-shSCIN cells by microarray analysis compared with DLD-1 shCon cells. These findings revealed that <i>SCIN</i> may serve as an important predictor of CRLM and poor outcome for CRC patients. <i>SCIN</i> may be a potential therapeutic target in human CRC. However, translation of its roles into clinical practice will require further investigation and additional experimental validation.
Proliferation is a prerequisite for bacterial superantigen-induced T cell apoptosis in vivo. (1995)

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a bacterial superantigen that binds to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and selectively interacts with T cells that bear certain T cell receptor (TCR) V beta domains. Administration of SEB in adult mice results in initial proliferation of V beta 8+ T cells followed by a state of unresponsiveness resulting from a combination of clonal deletion and clonal anergy in the SEB-reactive population. At this time, it is unclear what relationship exists between the T cells that have proliferated and those that have been deleted or have become anergic. Here we show that only a fraction of the potentially reactive V beta 8+ T cells proliferate in response to SEB in vivo, and that all the cells that have proliferated eventually undergo apoptosis. Virtually no apoptosis can be detected in the nonproliferating V beta 8+ T cells. These data demonstrate a causal relationship between proliferation and apoptosis in response to SEB in vivo, and they further indicate that T cells bearing the same TCR V beta segment can respond differently to the same superantigen. The implications of this differential responsiveness in terms of activation and tolerance are discussed.
Online Handwritten Japanese Character String Recognition Incorporating Geometric Context (2007)

This paper describes an online handwritten Japanese character string recognition system integrating scores of geometric context, character recognition, and linguistic context. We give a string evaluation criterion for better integrating the multiple scores while overcoming the effect of string length variability. For measuring geometric context, we propose a statistical method for modeling both single- character and between-character plausibility. Our experimental results on TUAT HANDS databases show that the geometric context improves the character segmentation accuracy remarkably.
Considerations on the Reactive Power in Nonsinusoidal Situations (1985)

This paper discusses the strong and weak points of the time-domain and frequency-domain approaches to the energy transmission investigations in nonsinusoidal systems. The comprehension of possibilities relevant to these approaches is fundamental for the metrological tasks in nonsinusoidal systems formulation. It was shown, that despite a more complex instrumentation, the frequency-domain approach provides a theoretical basis not only for a conspicuous physical elucidation of the energy transmission decreased efficiency, but also for power-factor improvement in situations where the time-domain approach proves ineffective.
Fuzzy logic controller with dynamic rule set (2003)

The authors present a control methodology that enables a fuzzy controller to watch its output and if necessary change the inference rules by iterative steps. They present the simulation results obtained with a classic fuzzy logic controller model that uses the max-min composition for the inference rule system and calculates a singleton from the fuzzy set of the output by means of the center of gravity method of H.-J. Zimmerman (1990). Then they present a fuzzy logic controller model with a dynamic rule set (FCD). The results of the simulation carried out with the new FCD are discussed and compared with those for the classic controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Storage System Design (2006)

Provides an overview on the design of energy storage systems for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
Arrhythmia detection from heartbeat using k-nearest neighbor classifier (2013)

Automatic interpretation of electrocardiography provides a non-invasive and inexpensive technique to analyze the heart activity for different cardiac conditions. The emergence of smartphones and wireless networks has made it possible to perform continuous Holter monitoring on patients or potential patients. Recently, much attention has been paid to the development of the monitoring methodologies of heart activity, which include both the detection of heartbeats in electrocardiography and the classification of types of heartbeats. However, many studies have focused on classifying limited types of heartbeats. We propose a system for classification into 17 types of heartbeats. This system consists of two parts, the detection and classification of heartbeats. The system detects heartbeats through repetitive features and classifies them using a A-nearest neighbor algorithm. Features such as the QRS complex and P wave were accurately extracted using the Pan-Tompkins algorithm. For the classifier, the distance metric is an adaptation of locally weighted regression. The system was validated with the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The system achieved a sensitivity of 97.22 % and a specificity of 97.4 % for heartbeat detection. The system also achieved a sensitivity of 97.1 % and a specificity of 96.9 % for classification.
Self-assembly hexanuclear metallacontainer hosting halogenated guest species and sustaining structure of 3D coordination framework (2010)

Chloride-centered hexanuclear hydroxopyrazolate reveals potential as a receptor of halomethane and halometallate species and as a molecular building block for coordination polymers.
Energy Efficient Mobility Adaptive Distributed Clustering Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Network (2008)

In this paper, we propose energy efficient mobility adaptive distributed clustering algorithm for mobile ad hoc network. Node mobility in the dynamic network has a remarkable affect on cluster stability. In order to reduce the initial cluster setup time of the dynamic network with frequently changing topology, we consider a single node parameter as the cluster head selection criteria. That is the average displacement of individual nodes in the network is computed by keeping track of its total displacement in last n time units. As the selected cluster heads form the routing backbone of the dynamic network, better stability is ensured by preferring low mobile nodes to act as cluster heads. A new energy consumption model has been proposed for the cluster heads that takes into account the network traffic, density of cluster members and the transmission power utilized to communicate the member nodes. A better cluster stability and a low maintenance overhead is aimed to achieve by electing volunteer and non-volunteer cluster heads.
Degradation of Raw Starch by a Wild Amylolytic Strain of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (1994)

Lactobacillus plantarum A6, isolated from fermented cassava, can break down cassava raw starch that has not been subjected to preliminary physicochemical treatment. When the pH was kept at 6, the microorganism cultured in a bioreactor excreted a high alpha-amylase activity (60 U/ml). Synthesis of the enzyme occurred during the stationary phase and resulted in full hydrolysis of the cassava starch granules. This gave 41 g of lactic acid from 45 g of raw starch after 3 days of fermentation. Enzymatic attack was evident under scanning electron microscopy in the rougher appearance of the surface of starch granules and in the presence of large cavities in some of them. In contrast, when the pH was not regulated, only a small amount of alpha-amylase activity was produced (2 U/ml) and no decrease in the starch content of the medium was observed. However, under scanning electron microscopy, some granules displayed a rougher surface, which might have been the result of weak enzymatic attack.
Estimating the Spinning Reserve Requirements in Systems With Significant Wind Power Generation Penetration (2008)

Spinning reserve (SR) allows system operators to compensate for unpredictable imbalances between load and generation caused by sudden outages of generating units, errors in load forecasting or unexpected deviations by generating units from their production schedules. As the proportion of power produced by wind farms increases, it becomes more difficult to predict accurately the total amount of power injected by all generators into the power system. This added uncertainty must be taken into account when setting the requirement for SR. This paper proposes a technique to calculate the optimal amount of SR that the system operator should provide to be able to respond not only to generation outages but also to errors in the forecasts for load and wind power production. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, the proposed technique for setting the SR requirements is then compared with the traditional deterministic criterion (i.e., the capacity of the largest online infeed), an approach to cope with wind imbalances and an approach that combines the traditional criterion with the approach to cope with wind imbalances. The results show that, contrary to what is commonly believed, an increased wind power penetration does not necessarily require larger amounts of SR.
Omitting Refresh (2015)

Dynamic Random Access Memories (DRAM) have a big impact on performance and contribute significantly to the total power consumption in systems ranging from mobile devices to servers. Up to half of the power consumption of future high density DRAM devices will be caused by refresh commands. Moreover, not only the refresh rate does depend on the device capacity, but it strongly depends on the temperature as well. In case of 3D integration of MPSoCs with Wide I/O DRAMs the power density and thermal dissipation are increased dramatically. Hence, in 3D-DRAM even more DRAM refresh operations are required. To master these challenges, clever DRAM refresh strategies are mandatory either on hardware or on software level using new or already available infrastructures and implementations, such as Partial Array Self Refresh (PASR) or Temperature Compensated Self Refresh (TCSR).