gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxydation isotopique du mercure par l'oxygène moléculaire sous l'influence de la radiation 2 357 Å (1968)

L'étude de l’oxydation du mercure dans les mélanges Hg + O2 et Hg + O2 + butadiène soumis aux photons de longueur 2 537 Å provenant d’une lampe à mercure monoisotopique (202Hg) nous a amené à considérer deux modes de désactivations possibles du mercure Hg 6(3P1) par l’oxygène. Le mode le plus important est le transfert direct de l’énergie à la molécule d’oxygène; le deuxième mode conduit à la formation d’un complexe excité.
Regeneration of Human Tooth Enamel (2004)

Something to get your teeth into: The continuous effect of acids in the mouth leads to dissolution of dental enamel. However, new technology could help to regenerate this unique biomineral. In vitro experiments show that the diffusion of suitable ions through a gelatin layer onto a tooth surface induces the mineralization of fluorapatite layers with a structure similar to tooth enamel (see picture).
XFM of “Trace Metals” in Cultured Cells: Framing the Picture (2011)

Encouraged by our recent x‐ray fluorescence microprobe analysis revealing subcellular metal relocation in two special cell types, we are working to identify the role of zinc and copper in these cells. In verifying that metal ion dynamics are not artifactual, particularly where some samples have been chemically fixed, a comparison of our past results with samples studied with cryofixation and immunofluorescence add validation to our previous findings. Our work demonstrating cryofixation in human microvascular endothelial cells and metallothionein immunofluorescence in stem cells is presented.
Optimal energy management of a battery-supercapacitor based light rail vehicle using genetic algorithms (2015)

In this paper an optimal energy management strategy (EMS) for a light rail vehicle with an onboard energy storage system combining battery (BT) and supercapacitor (SC) is presented. The optimal targets for the proposed EMS are obtained by an optimization process with multi-objective genetic algorithms (GA). The fitness functions are expressed in economic terms, and correspond to the costs related to the energy absorbed from the catenary as well as the BT and SC cycling cost. The case study selected is the tramway of Sevilla. The aim was to minimize the daily operating cost of the tramway taking into account the BT and SC degradation approach and fulfilling the performance of the tramway in the catenary-less zone. A sizing analysis is done taking as optimization variables the BT and SC sizing to evaluate the impact on the daily operating cost. A comparison between the optimal solutions and a base scenario is presented.
Enhanced Diffie-Hellman Key Distribution using Mobile-phone (2009)

Although a symmetric cryptographic system has many advantages in speed of encryption decryption, the security problems with the distribution method of secret keys have been still raised. Especially, the distribution method of secret keys for unspecified individuals who want secret communication is becoming a core issue. As a simple solution to this issue, Diffie-Hellman key exchange methods were proposed, but proved to be insufficient in depending MITM(Main In The Middle) attacks. To find effective solution to problems mentioned above, this paper proposes the strengthened Diffie-Hellman key exchange methods applied for the mobile-phone channel which are widely used. This paper emphasizes the way to distribute the synthesized session keys to the sender and the receiver, which are created with authentication numbers exchanged between the mobile-phones and Diffie-Hellman key. Using proposed ways, MITMattacks can be effectively defended.
Modeling Drug‐Melanin Interaction With Theoretical Linear Solvation Energy Relationships (1997)

The affinity of drugs and other xenobiotic agents for melanin is a well-known phenomenon, often occurring with serious physiological consequences. For example, the interaction of anti-psychotic drugs with neuromelanin may play a pivotal role in the induction of extrapyramidal movement disorders associated with the chronic administration of phenothiazine and other neuroleptic agents. Little, however, is known about the complete nature of melanin-drug binding and the impact of these interactions on the physico-chemical properties of melanin. Data, such as binding affinities, can be analyzed using recently developed computational methods that combine mathematical models of chemical structure with statistical analysis. In particular, theoretical linear solvation energy relationships provide a convenient model for understanding and predicting biological, chemical, and physical properties. By using this modeling technique, drug-melanin binding of a set of 16 compounds has been analyzed with correlation analysis and a set of theoretical molecular parameters in order to better understand and characterize drug-melanin interactions. The resulting correlation equation supports a charge transfer model for drug-melanin complex formation and can also be used to estimate binding constants for related compounds.
Automated software testing as a service (2010)

This paper makes the case for TaaS--automated software testing as a cloud-based service. We present three kinds of TaaS: a "programmer's sidekick" enabling developers to thoroughly and promptly test their code with minimal upfront resource investment; a "home edition" on-demand testing service for consumers to verify the software they are about to install on their PC or mobile device; and a public "certification service," akin to Underwriters Labs, that independently assesses the reliability, safety, and security of software.
Potassium Fluoride/Basic Alumina as Far Superior Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Chemoselective Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to Electron‐Poor Alkenes Having Two Electron‐Withdrawing Groups in α‐ and β‐Positions (2006)

Abstract The chemoselective, conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to electron‐poor alkenes, with two electron‐withdrawing groups in the α‐ and β‐positions, can be easily performed at room temperature under solventless conditions using potassium fluoride/basic alumina as heterogeneous catalyst.
Reduction of resonancelike peak in direct modulation due to carrier diffusion in injection laser (1978)

It is shown theoretically that the relaxation oscillation in the direct modulation of the injection laser is reduced by transverse carrier diffusion when the stripe width is comparable to the carrier diffusion length. Modified rate equations are derived by considering the distribution of the light intensity, the carrier density, and the diffusion of the carrier. By small-signal analysis of the rate equations it is found that the height of the resonancelike peak in the modulation characteristics is a minimum when the transverse width in which both the light and the carriers are confined is around the diffusion length.
Host plant secondary metabolite profiling shows a complex, strain‐dependent response of maize to plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria of the genus <i>Azospirillum</i> (2010)

Most Azospirillum plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) benefit plant growth through source effects related to free nitrogen fixation and/or phytohormone production, but little is known about their potential effects on plant physiology. These effects were assessed by comparing the early impacts of three Azospirillum inoculant strains on secondary metabolite profiles of two different maize (Zea mays) cultivars. After 10d of growth in nonsterile soil, maize methanolic extracts were analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and secondary metabolites identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Seed inoculation resulted in increased shoot biomass (and also root biomass with one strain) of hybrid PR37Y15 but had no stimulatory effect on hybrid DK315. In parallel, Azospirillum inoculation led to major qualitative and quantitative modifications of the contents of secondary metabolites, especially benzoxazinoids, in the maize plants. These modifications depended on the PGPR strain×plant cultivar combination. Thus, Azospirillum inoculation resulted in early, strain-dependent modifications in the biosynthetic pathways of benzoxazine derivatives in maize in compatible interactions. This is the first study documenting a PGPR effect on plant secondary metabolite profiles, and suggests the establishment of complex interactions between Azospirillum PGPR and maize.
Antidepressant Response and Dissociative Effects After Ketamine Treatment (2017)

Article AbstractBecause this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the full text.To the Editor: In recent years, there has been growing interest in research on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists as rapid-acting agents for treating depression and related suicidal ideation. Ketamine has shown preliminary efficacy for the rapid treatment of both unipolar and bipolar depression, although it has been also associated with high rates of dissociative and psychotomimetic symptoms, especially within 60 minutes after the infusion. For this reason, we read with great interest the update recently published in JCP4 that synthesized issues related to efficacy, adverse effects, and mechanism of action of ketamine for treating depression.
2-tert-Butyl and 2-phenylphenylimido complexes of titanium(IV) and their olefin polymerisation activity (2001)

Reaction of 7 equivalents of tert-butylamine with TiCl4 in hexane at 0 °C gave [TiCl2(NCMe3)(NH2CMe3)2]21 which on thermalisation with 2,6-diisopropylaniline in toluene gave [TiCl2(NC6H3Pri2-2,6)(NH2CMe3)2]x2. Imido exchange of [TiCl2(NCMe3)(NH2CMe3)]x with o-toluidine or 2-tert-butylaniline and addition of pyridine gave [TiCl2(NC6H4Me-2)(py)3] and [TiCl2(NC6H4CMe3-2)(py)3] which crystallised to give [TiCl2(NC6H4Me-2)(py)2]23 and [TiCl2(NC6H4CMe3-2)(py)2]24. 2-Phenylaniline and [TiCl2(NCMe3)(py)3] gave [TiCl2(NC6H4Ph-2)(py)2]25 on crystallisation and reaction of tert-butylaniline or 2-phenylaniline with [TiCl2(NCMe3)(tmeda)] gave [TiCl2(NC6H4CMe3-2)(tmeda)] 6 and [TiCl2(NC6H4Ph-2)(tmeda)]27. Complexes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were characterised by X-ray crystallography and the possibility of imdo ligand C–N bond rotation taking place analysed and compared with the NMR spectra. [TiCl2(NCMe3)(tmeda)] and MAO·(MeAlO)n, polymerises ethylene at low pressure with low activity (3.2 g mmol−1 h−1 bar−1), [TiCl2(NC6H4CMe3)(tmeda)] or [TiCl2(NC6H4Ph-2)(tmeda)] and MAO gives a 4-fold increase in activity whereas propene is not polymerised but 1-hexene is. Heterogenisation by addition of [TiCl2(NCMe3)(NH2CMe3)2]21 to tmeda-functionalised crosslinked polystyrene or imido exchange of [TiCl2(NCMe3)(tmeda)] with NH2-functionalised crosslinked polystyrene gives supported complexes which do not polymerise ethylene at low pressure in the presence of MAO.
Flexible Spacing Adaptive Cruise Control Using Stochastic Model Predictive Control (2017)

This paper proposes a stochastic model predictive control (MPC) approach to optimize the fuel consumption in a vehicle following context. The practical solution of that problem requires solving a constrained moving horizon optimal control problem using a short-term prediction of the preceding vehicle's velocity. In a deterministic framework, the prediction errors lead to constraint violations and to harsh control reactions. Instead, the suggested method considers errors, and limits the probability of a constraint violation. A conditional linear Gauss model is developed and trained with real measurements to estimate the probability distribution of the future velocity of the preceding vehicle. The prediction model is used to evaluate two different stochastic MPC approaches. On the one hand, an MPC with individual chance constraints is applied. On the other hand, samples are drawn from the conditional Gaussian model and used for a scenario-based optimization approach. Finally, both developed control strategies are evaluated and compared against a standard deterministic MPC. The evaluation of the controllers shows a significant reduction of the fuel consumption compared with standard adaptive cruise control algorithms.
SEROLOGICAL REACTIONS WITH A VIRUS CAUSING RABBIT PAPILLOMAS WHICH BECOME CANCEROUS (1936)

A method has been devised for serological tests with a virus producing rabbit papillomas that become carcinomatous. The discrete character of the growths caused by the virus when suitably diluted fits it notably for quantitative experimentation. It shows no tendency to lie latent in domestic rabbits though it does so on occasion in cottontails, the natural hosts. Sera which partially neutralize it do not alter its character, or attenuate it, but merely cut down the number of its effective entities. The serum of normal domestic rabbits is ordinarily devoid of neutralizing influence on the virus, but that of animals carrying the papillomas usually exhibits neutralizing power soon after these appear. The rate at which this power increases depends in general upon the amount of papillomatous tissue developing, but exceptions to the rule occur, the presence of fairly large growths being compatible with a lack of such powers in demonstrable amount. Even when the antiviral power is great it has no evident influence on the course of established papillomas, other factors determining whether these enlarge or retrogress. It acts to prevent successful reinoculation of the animal, however.
Germline mutations in<i>RAD51</i>,<i>RAD51AP1</i>,<i>RAD51B</i>,<i>RAD51C</i>,<i>RAD51D</i>,<i>RAD52</i>and<i>RAD54L</i>do not contribute to familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2008)

While familial predisposition to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is well recognized no gene which when mutated in the germline has been unambiguously shown to confer susceptibility to the disease. An approach based on mutation screening methods targeted to coding regions of candidate genes offers an attractive strategy for the identification of rare disease-causing alleles. The RAD genes participate in the cellular response to DNA double strand breaks, detecting DNA damage, activating cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis. Defects in members of these genes are linked to increased chromosomal instability and in lymphoma predisposition, thereby representing strong candidate susceptibility genes a priori. To examine this proposition we screened 75 familial CLL probands for germline mutations in this set of genes. No overt pathogenic mutations were identified. These findings indicate that germline mutations in RAD51, RAD51AP1, RAD51L1, RAD51L3, RAD52 and RAD54L are unlikely to be causal of an inherited predisposition to CLL.
La publicidad va de encuestas: Cuando la cámara interroga (1982)

En busca de una mayor credibilidad del mensaje publicitario, los anuncios tratan de acercarse a la realidad cotidiana y aprovechar la fiabilidad de determinadas informaciones que diariamente se intercambian entre los consumidores. La publicidad testimonial es un ejemplo de esto.
Effect of heat aging on the properties of a nylon 6,6/poly(phenylene oxide) blend (1988)

Abstract Accelerated aging of an Initial formulation of a nylon 6,6/poly(phenylene oxide) (PA/PPO) blend resulted in a significant loss in impact strength after a relatively short aging period. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed considerable surface oxidation in air‐aged samples. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of fracture surfaces showed evidence of embrittlement (glassy skin formation). This brittle skin apparently influenced crack propagation throughout the entire cross section of the test specimens. It was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis that the PPO phase of the blend contained a poly(styrene‐butadiene) copolymer, probably added as an impact modifier. The susceptibility of the polybutadiene to oxidation, especially at elevated temperature, is believed to have caused the oxidation and surface embrittlement. However, the surface oxidation also resulted in a large loss in molecular weight of the nylon phase (m‐cresol‐soluble portion) and considerable cross‐linking of the PPO phase (chloroform‐soluble portion). Samples aged in inert atmosphere showed no skin formation nor loss in impact properties, thus confirming that oxidative degradation caused the embrittlement.
Alterations in Cellular Membrane Function During Hemorrhagic Shock in Primates (1972)

SHIRES, G. TOM M.D.; CUNNINGHAM, J. N. M.D.; BAKER, C. R. F. M.D.; REEDER, S. F. M.D.; ILLNER, H. M.D.; WAGNER, I. Y. B.S.; MAHER, J. B.S. Author Information
Improved Response With Higher Corticosteroid Dose in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2001)

PURPOSE: We investigated whether there was a dose-response relationship for the use of corticosteroids in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred sixty-nine patients, ages 1 to 18 years with ALL, were randomly assigned to receive one of four different doses of corticosteroid (prednisolone 40 mg/m 2 /d or dexamethasone 6, 18, or 150 mg/m 2 /d) administered as a 3-day, single-drug window before initiation of standard, multidrug induction chemotherapy. Corticosteroid drug response was measured by reduction in bone marrow blast counts and absolute peripheral blast counts after 3 days. Glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) number and the effective concentration of dexamethasone resulting in a 50% reduction of leukemic cell viability in vitro (EC-50) were evaluated at days 0 and 3. RESULTS: Increasing dexamethasone doses resulted in greater marrow blast response (P = .007), with a similar trend in peripheral-blood blast response. High-dose corticosteroid regimens (dexamethasone 18 or 150 mg/m 2 /d) elicited better responses than standard doses of dexamethasone or prednisone (bone marrow, P = .002; peripheral blasts, P = .05). Among patients treated with standard-dose corticosteroids, 38% with resistant (EC-50 > 10 -7 ) peripheral blasts had a good response compared with 92% with sensitive (EC-50 < 10 -7 ) peripheral blasts (P = .01). In contrast, there was no differential response according to EC-50 group after high-dose corticosteroids. Similarly, an association between response and GCR on peripheral-blood blasts was noted after standard-dose corticosteroid regimens but not after high-dose corticosteroid regimens. CONCLUSION: Response of ALL to glucocorticoid therapy increased with dose. Higher-dose corticosteroid treatment abrogated the effect of relative drug insensitivity and of low GCR on peripheral blasts.
Absence of modulation of CD4+CD25<sup>high</sup> regulatory T cells in CTCL patients treated with bexarotene (2009)

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders, characterized by the infiltration of the epidermis by mature and activated malignant CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Retinoids such as retinoic acid and synthetic analogues have long been used alone or in combination with other therapies for CTCL. Bexarotene, the first synthetic highly selective RXR retinoid, was approved for the treatment of all stages of CTCL in patients refractory to at least one systemic therapy. Recently, six cases in which the initiation of bexarotene therapy for CTCL was associated with the progression of internal disease despite improvement of cutaneous signs and symptoms were reported. Moreover, it has been established that retinoids promote the generation of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, raising the question of an induction of regulatory T-cells by bexarotene. The aim of this work was to determine if bexarotene induces an increase of functional regulatory T cells which could play a role in the development of secondary extra-cutaneous lymphomas. Regulatory T cells were studied both in cutaneous biopsy specimens using an immunohistochemical analysis of CD4, CD25 and Foxp3 and in blood where proportion and functionality of circulating CD4+CD25(high) T-cells were determined. The study was performed in 10 patients [five patients with Sézary syndrome (SS) and five mycosis fungoïdes (MF)], treated for 6 months with bexarotene. Four healthy donors were used as controls for phenotypic and functional analysis on PBL. We found that the frequency of CD4+CD25(high) Treg cells was not significantly different before starting bexarotene and after 6 months of treatment in CTCL patients. However, we observed that the frequency of CD4+CD25(high) Treg cells before the beginning of the treatment was significantly increased compared to healthy donors. In addition, functional assays demonstrated that Foxp3 expressing CD4+CD25(high) T-cells were capable of suppressing autologous CD4 + CD25- T-cell proliferation. In the present work, we detected the presence of functional circulating CD4+CD25(high) Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells in CTCL patients, with an increased frequency compared to healthy donors. The treatment with bexarotene does not seem to affect the regulatory T-cell compartment.
A Benzene-Thermal Synthetic Route to Nanocrystalline GaN (1996)

A thermal reaction of Li3N and GaCl3 in which benzene was used as the solvent under pressure has been carried out for the preparation of 30-nanometer particles of gallium nitride (GaN) at 280°C. This temperature is much lower than that of traditional methods, and the yield of GaN reached 80%. The x-ray powder diffraction pattern indicated that sample was mainly hexagonal-phase GaN with a small fraction of rocksalt-phase GaN, which has a lattice constant a = 4.100 angstroms. This rocksalt structure, which had been observed previously only under high pressure (at least 37 gigapascals) was observed directly with high-resolution electron microscopy.
The Structure and Properties of Poly[Carbon Dichalcogenides] (1988)

Abstract The structure and properties of various reaction products resulting from the polymerization of carbon disulfide and carbon diselenide are reviewed. In many respect, CSe2 behaves like CS2. However, CS2 can be polymerized (without a catalyst and in the absence of irradiation) only under high pressure, and this reaction yields a semiconductor. On the other hand, CSe2 is easily polymerized under ambient conditions. Depending upon the polymerization conditions, products are obtained which range from insulators to metals and superconductors. Results indicate that (CSe2) reacts to form a head-to-head linear polymer, which thermally decomposes at relatively low temperatures to produce free selenium. This free selenium is the likely origin of the observed superconductivity.
<i>In Vitro</i>Large Scale Production of Human Mature Red Blood Cells from Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Coculturing with Human Fetal Liver Stromal Cells (2013)

In vitro models of human erythropoiesis are useful in studying the mechanisms of erythroid differentiation in normal and pathological conditions. Here we describe an erythroid liquid culture system starting from cord blood derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs were cultured for more than 50 days in erythroid differentiation conditions and resulted in a more than 10(9)-fold expansion within 50 days under optimal conditions. Homogeneous erythroid cells were characterized by cell morphology, flow cytometry, and hematopoietic colony assays. Furthermore, terminal erythroid maturation was improved by cosculturing with human fetal liver stromal cells. Cocultured erythroid cells underwent multiple maturation events, including decrease in size, increase in glycophorin A expression, and nuclear condensation. This process resulted in extrusion of the pycnotic nuclei in up to 80% of the cells. Importantly, they possessed the capacity to express the adult definitive β -globin chain upon further maturation. We also show that the oxygen equilibrium curves of the cord blood-differentiated red blood cells (RBCs) are comparable to normal RBCs. The large number and purity of erythroid cells and RBCs produced from cord blood make this method useful for fundamental research in erythroid development, and they also provide a basis for future production of available RBCs for transfusion.