gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostate-specific Antigen: A Cancer Fighter and a Valuable Messenger? (2000)

The physiological function of PSA is still not well understood. Because PSA is just one member of the human kallikrein gene family, it is possible that its biological functions are related to the activity of other related kallikreins. Only when the physiological functions of PSA and other kallikreins are elucidated will we be able to explain the currently apparently conflicting experimental data.
DriftLess™, an innovative method to estimate and compensate for the biases of inertial sensors. (2014)

In this paper a method is presented that allows for bias compensation of low-cost MEMS inertial sensors. It is based on the use of two sets of inertial sensors and a rotation mechanism that physically rotates the sensors in an alternating fashion. After signal processing, the biases of both sets of sensors are estimated and compensated for, resulting in a virtually bias free inertial sensor. A demonstrator has been build. First results with a test of the demonstrator in an airborne application show that the bias of low-cost MEMS gyroscopes can be reduced to less than 20 deg/hr. Further improvements up to a 2 deg/hr level are demonstrated in the laboratory. Lab-tests have shown that the bias of low-cost accelerometers can be reduced to below 0.1 mg.
An Improved Adaptive Document Image Binarization Method (2009)

Document image binarization is the basis of Optical Character Recognition (OCR). For B. Gatos' adaptive binarization method exists the shortcomings, we propose an improved adaptive document image binarization method which consists of four steps. The first step is dedicated to a denoising procedure using a low-pass Wiener filter based on local statistics. In the second step, we use a first rough estimation of foreground regions using binarization method based on the Laplacian-Gauss algorithm. As a third step, we compute the background surface of the image by interpolating neighboring background intensities into the foreground areas that result from the previous step. In the fourth step, we proceed to the final binarization by combining information from the calculated background surface and the original image, and accomplish final binary. The method has good robustness for uneven illumination, using the algorithm extract foreground regions, it will get fewer lost strokes and can be effective to retain the edge information. The experimental results show that the improved method has better characteristics than other four kinds of typical document image binarization methods.
Equation of state of ductile granular materials (2009)

As part of an effort to improve the general understanding of ductile granular materials under shock wave loading we have performed a number of experiments to test their behaviour dur- ing an impact experiment. In particular, we have obtained wave profiles and determined the princi- ple Hugoniot for 14% porous Aluminum in the stress range of 0.6-4.6 GPa. The Hugoniot data compare reasonably well with a Mie-Gruneisen equation of state. However, the wave profiles ex- hibit structure that suggests a relatively high yield strength and large dispersive properties, structure that a purely thermodynamic EOS cannot explain. The wave profiles themselves have been com- pared with numerical simulations using GRIM, the two-dimensional Eulerian hydrocode, and show relatively good agreement.
Connective‐tissue responses to defined biomaterial surfaces. I. Growth of rat fibroblast and bone marrow cell colonies on microgrooved substrates (2007)

Surface microgeometry plays a role in tissue-implant surface interactions, but our understanding of its effects is incomplete. Substrate microgrooves strongly influence cells in vitro, as evidenced by contact guidance and cell alignment. We studied "dot" colonies of primary fibroblasts and bone marrow cells that were grown on titanium-coated, microgrooved polystyrene surfaces that we designed and produced. Rat tendon fibroblast and rat bone marrow colony growth and migration varied (p < 0.01) by microgroove dimension and slightly by cell type. We observed profoundly altered morphologies, reduced growth rates, and directional growth in colonies grown on microgrooved substrates, when compared with colonies grown on flat, control surfaces (p < 0.01). The cells in our colonies grown on microgrooved surfaces were well aligned and elongated in the direction parallel to the grooves and colonies. Our "dot" colony is an easily reproduced, easily measured and artificial explant model of tissue-implant interactions that better approximates in vivo implant responses than culturing isolated cells on biomaterials. Our results correlate well with in vivo studies of titanium dioxide-coated polystyrene, titanium, and titanium alloy implants with controlled microgeometries. Microgrooves and other surface features appear to directionally or spatially organize cells and matrix molecules in ways that contribute to improved stabilization and osseointegration of implants.
Suggests new theory of evolution of stars (1926)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSuggests new theory of evolution of starsScience Service Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1926, 3, 2, 244Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1926Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1926Published inissue 1 February 1926https://doi.org/10.1021/ed003p244.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (572 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Transforming Faith: Teaching as a Christian Vocation in a Secular, Worldview-Diverse Culture (2010)

THIS ARTICLE ADVOCATES the thesis that Christian teachers can and should draw on the resources of their faith in their work of leading teaching and learning. The secular approach where faith is treated as a private matter and the ‘market share’ approach where the dominance of Christian faith is sought, are both rejected. A third way which aspires to the Christian transformation of teaching and learning in the cause of both the common good and the building of God's kingdom is advanced. It is argued that this can underpin a fully professional understanding of the Christian vocation to teach.
New developments in bond‐forming initiation: Lewis acids accelerate spontaneous initiation of copolymerizations of olefins and dienes (1995)

Abstract Lewis acids have long been known to influence the free radical propagation of donor‐acceptor olefin monomer pairs, changing random copolymers into strictly alternating ones, by complexing to the lone pair electrons of the acceptor monomer, and enhancing its electron‐poor character. This work reports that this same interaction enhances the rates of the spontaneous initiation in these systems. In agreement with earlier literature, we found that styrene‐acrylonitrile copolymerizations proceed readily in the presence of ZnCl 2 at 40° where no copolymerization occurs in the absence of the Lewis acid. p‐Methoxystyrene and isobutyl vinyl ether with AN gave more complicated results, due to competitive complexation of oxygen lone pairs with ZnCl 2 . Reaction of more electrophilic olefins with these donor monomers gave steadily increasing rates and a shift in product from spontaneous copolymer to inverse Diels‐Alder adduct (in the case of ester substituents) to cyclobutane. As for substituted diene monomers as the donor component, reactions of isoprene and 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene with AN are accelerated in the presence of ZnCl 2 and the Lewis acid affects the competition between the [4+2] cycloaddition and the copolymerization. All of these results are interpreted in the context of formation of Lewis‐acid complexed initiating diradicals by bond‐formation.
Static rate-optimal scheduling of iterative data-flow programs via optimum unfolding (1991)

Rate-optimal compile-time multiprocessor scheduling of iterative dataflow programs suitable for real-time signal processing applications is discussed. It is shown that recursions or loops in the programs lead to an inherent lower bound on the achievable iteration period, referred to as the iteration bound. A multiprocessor schedule is rate-optimal if the iteration period equals the iteration bound. Systematic unfolding of iterative dataflow programs is proposed, and properties of unfolded dataflow programs are studied. Unfolding increases the number of tasks in a program, unravels the hidden concurrently in iterative dataflow programs, and can reduce the iteration period. A special class of iterative dataflow programs, referred to as perfect-rate programs, is introduced. Each loop in these programs has a single register. Perfect-rate programs can always be scheduled rate optimally (requiring no retiming or unfolding transformation). It is also shown that unfolding any program by an optimum unfolding factor transforms any arbitrary program to an equivalent perfect-rate program, which can then be scheduled rate optimally. This optimum unfolding factor for any arbitrary program is the least common multiple of the number of registers (or delays) in all loops and is independent of the node execution times. An upper bound on the number of processors for rate-optimal scheduling is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biomimetic Design of Reversibly Unfolding Cross-Linker to Enhance Mechanical Properties of 3D Network Polymers (2007)

We report here a biomimetic design of a reversibly unfolding modular cross-linker to enhance mechanical properties of 3D network polymers. The inspiration comes from the modular biopolymers observed in nature. A cyclic modular cross-linker based on the quadruple hydrogen bonding 4-ureido-2-pyrimidone (UPy) motif was synthesized via multistep organic synthesis. The modular cross-linker was incorporated into poly(n-butyl acrylate) by free radical polymerization. Stress−strain measurements show that the samples containing our modular cross-linker exhibit significantly enhanced mechanical properties over the control samples. Most strikingly, with increasing cross-linker density, both modulus and tensile strength are significantly improved without sacrificing extensibility. The enhanced tensile properties are attributed to the increased energy dissipating ability of the reversibly unfolding cross-linker. This introduces a novel biomimetic concept to enhance network mechanical properties through design of molecularly engineered cross-linkers.
Germline BRCA1/2 Mutations and p27<sup>Kip1</sup> Protein Levels Independently Predict Outcome After Breast Cancer (2000)

In this study, we showed that BRCA1/2 mutations were associated with low levels of p27(Kip1) in breast cancer. Both BRCA1/2 and p27(Kip1) status were identified as independent prognostic factors.
Meteorological Value of Ground Target Measurements by Radar (2004)

Many characteristics of radar echoes from ground targets vary with time as the properties of the atmosphere in which the radar waves propagate evolve. For example, if the phase of a target varies with time and the target is known to be stationary, that phase variation is related to changes in the refractive index of air between the radar and that target. These changes are themselves caused by variations in the pressure, temperature, and especially the humidity of air. The changing phase and intensity of ground targets are hence records of evolving atmospheric conditions and could therefore in theory be used to retrieve parameters of meteorological value. In this paper, the various ways meteorological conditions can affect radar returns from ground targets are explored and quantified. In particular, the extent with which the changes in the phase of ground targets can be used to extract weather-related information is investigated. While wind, precipitation, and the vertical structure of temperature and humidity all affect ground echo appearance, it is demonstrated that the most promising quantity to be obtained is the refractive index of air near the ground. The process and the uncertainty of refractive index measurements by radar are then described. Comparisons with surface stations indicate that near-surface refractive index can be obtained reasonably accurately by radar in very flat terrain. In more complex topography, sensitivity analyses show that radar-based refractive index measurements will be strongly affected by the vertical profile of refractive index.
Research in counselling and psychotherapy Post‐COVID‐19 (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic brings to light many areas the field of counselling and psychotherapy may need to address in future research. We outline several issues stemming from or exacerbated by the pandemic and offer suggestions for future research to address the mental health needs of those impacted. Our suggestions focus on five domains: (a) the health and well-being of helping professionals, (b) the infodemic, (c) discrimination and minority stress, (d) spiritual and existential dynamics in mental health and (e) couple and family stress and resilience. We aim to provide a multi-systemic perspective of mental health and well-being in the time of COVID-19, as well as encourage current and future studies to incorporate these suggestions to advance the health and well-being of our communities through evidence-based treatment approaches.
The effect of nonablative laser energy on the ultrastructure of joint capsular collagen (1996)

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of laser energy at nonablative levels on the ultrastructure of joint capsular collagen. The femoropatellar joint capsules of six mature New Zealand white rabbits were harvested immediately after death. Specimens were divided into three treatment groups (5, 10, and 15 watts) and one control group. Laser energy was applied using a holmium: YAG laser. Transmission electron microscopy showed significant ultrastructural alterations in collagenous architecture for all laser treatment groups, with increased fibril cross-sectional diameter for each of the treated groups. The fibrils began to lose their distinct edges and their periodical cross-striations at subsequently higher energy densities. A morphometric analysis showed that each subsequently higher laser energy caused a significant increase in collagen fibril diameter. Ultrastructural alteration of collagen fibril architecture caused by the thermal effect of laser energy is probably the dominant mechanism of laser-induced tissue shrinkage.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Ligand Chemistry of Tellurium (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular genetics of human prion diseases (1994)

Human prion diseases occur in inherited, sporadic and acquired forms. The inherited forms are associated with coding mutations in the prion protein gene and the identification of one of these pathogenic mutations allows definitive diagnosis and has resulted in a widening of the previously recognized phenotypic spectrum of these diseases. Study of acquired prion disease provides evidence for genetic susceptibility to development of disease following treatment with contaminated pituitary hormones. Sporadic prion disease occurs predominantly in individuals homozygous with respect to a common PrP polymorphism at residue 129. The identification of pathogenic PrP alleles and the role of the codon 129 PrP gene polymorphism in determining susceptibility to prion disease provides strong support for the idea that an abnormal isoform of PrP, PrPSc, is the principal constituent of the prion and that its propagation involves direct PrP-PrP interactions which occur most readily between identical PrP molecules.
Indications for Antibiotic Cement Nails (2009)

This article focuses on the surgical indications and techniques of antibiotic nailing of the femur. Spanning external fixation is an essential component of damage control orthopaedics. Fractures of the femur with significant soft tissue injury also often require prolonged external fixation, which increases the risk of infection. Antibiotic nails can sterilize the medullary canal contaminated by external fixator pins and prophylax against nosocomial infection, while the pin tracts heal to prepare the canal environment for a future staged metal nailing. Antibiotic nails may also be used as a bridge to definitive metallic intramedullary nailing after spanning external fixation in patients with multiple injuries or mangled limbs.
Planarization of GaN(0001) Surface by Photo-Electrochemical Method with Solid Acidic or Basic Catalyst (2009)

A novel planarization technique for the GaN(0001) surface has been developed. In this method, the surface is oxidized by a photo-electrochemical reaction and the resulting oxide is removed using a solid acidic/basic catalyst. Smooth surfaces that are free from scratches and etch pits are obtained. Photoluminescence analysis shows that the intensity of the band-edge luminescence markedly increases after the planarization.
Marked differences in fine specificity and isotype usage of the anti–citrullinated protein antibody in health and disease (2008)

The fine specificity and isotype usage of the ACPA response are qualitatively different in health and disease. Epitope spreading and expansion of the isotype repertoire might be necessary for development of RA, and this could be facilitated by the presence of RF antibodies.
Lobbying: Private Interests and Public Conduct (2011)

It is a basic tenet of democratic rights that those affected by policies have the chance to be heard.Participation also improves the decision-making process.Those affected are usually specialists closer to the issue than are generalist politicians.Well-informed decisions are not made in ivory towers, and the willingness of political actors to listen to the public is a necessary precondition of good-decision making.Otherwise there is a substantial risk that important information will not be included in the decisionmaking process.As a consequence unbalanced or at worst unrealistic policies emerge.
Prophylactic Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Decrease Febrile Neutropenia After Chemotherapy in Children With Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2004)

CSFs were associated with a 20% reduction in febrile neutropenia and shorter duration of hospitalization; however, CSFs did not reduce infection-related mortality.
Purification and characterization of Pacific whiting proteases (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurification and characterization of Pacific whiting proteasesThomas A. Seymour, Michael T. Morrissey, Margo Y. Peters, and Haejung AnCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 11, 2421–2427Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00047a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00047a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Brighter Future for Protein Design (2004)

A deeper understanding of the sequence–structure relationship in proteins has resulted from research in the field of protein design. Recent success in designing a protein with a topology not yet observed in nature (see picture) increases our confidence in computational biology and should open the road to the engineering of molecular machines with specified properties and functions.
A low pull-in SU-8 based Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer for medical imaging applications (2014)

In this paper we present a thorough analysis of a low pull-in voltage Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (CMUT) using SU-8 as the membrane material. It is designed to operate at 1 MHz frequency that has a wide range of applications including the imaging of deeper organs. We also propose a simple state-of-the-art fabrication methodology for the same. As compared to the standard Silicon Nitride CMUTs, the proposed structure gives the same electromechanical coupling coefficient with lower membrane dimensions and low pull-in voltage which in turn results in reduced area and power consumption. Moreover the proposed fabrication methodology is a low temperature process which makes it CMOS compatible.
Active clamping circuit with status feedback for HV-IGBT (2012)

Active clamping circuit can effectively suppress the overvoltage of series-connected insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). However, long duration operations and frequent actions of active clamping circuit would lead to high losses of the circuit and IGBT, which seriously imperils the efficiency and safety of the system, especially in the applications of high voltage IGBT (HV-IGBT). In this paper, a novel active clamping circuit with status feedback is proposed for series-connected HV-IGBTs. A high speed status feedback sub-circuit is designed for transforming the operation status of active clamping circuit into optical signal and transferring it to control system. According to the feedback signal, microcontroller is able to activate the protection procedure or regulate the drive signal timely in order to restrain the action of active clamping circuit. Experimental results verify the validity of the proposed circuit.