gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D microtomographic characterization of precision extruded poly‐ϵ‐caprolactone scaffolds (2004)

Abstract One of the dominant approaches to tissue engineering is the seeding of biodegradable, biocompatible polymer scaffolds with progenitor cells prior to 3D culture or implantation. The microarchitecture of these scaffolds has direct effects upon the ability of cells to attach, migrate, and differentiate. Microtomographic (micro‐CT) scanners enable high‐speed 3D characterization of the salient features of these polymer scaffolds. A micro‐CT scan followed by 3D reconstruction of serial image sections can determine porosity, pore size, pore interconnectivity, strut size, and overall 3D microarchitecture. In this study, four polymer samples with different microarchitectures were manufactured through precision extrusion deposition free‐form fabrication and subsequently characterized through micro‐CT analysis. A desktop micro‐CT scanner was used to examine each sample at approximately 19.1‐micron resolution. 2D analyses and 3D reconstructions of core regions of each sample were performed. These results illustrate that qualitative and quantitative analysis of polymer scaffolds is possible using micro‐CT and 3D reconstruction techniques. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 70B: 311–317, 2004
Reusable and Extensible High Level Data Distributions (2005)

This paper presents a reusable design of a data distribution framework for data parallel high performance applications. Distributions are a means to express locality in systems composed of large numbers of processor and memory components connected by a network. Since distributions have a great effect on the performance of applications, it is important that the distribution strategy is flexible, so its behavior can change depending on the needs of the application. At the same time, high productivity concerns require that the user is shielded from error-prone, tedious details such as communication and synchronization.\n\nWe propose an approach to distributions that enables a user to refine a distribution type and adjust it to optimize the performance of thee application. Additionally, the low-level communication and synchronization details are concealed from a programmer, resulting in increased productivity. To emphasize the generality of our distribution machinery, we present its abstract design in the form of a design pattern, which is independent of a concrete implementation. To illustrate the applicability of our distribution framework design, we outline the implementation of data distributions in terms of the Chapel high productivity programming language.
Experimental Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Online Water-Washing in Gas Turbine Compressors (2014)

An investigation of the effectiveness of online combustion turbine axial compressor washing using various purity grade waters and commercial washing detergents was performed. For this project, blade surface fouling dirt was obtained from gas turbine axial compressor blades installed at various field sites. The dirt was analyzed to determine consistency of typical blade surface fouling materials. A representative dirt formula and blade coating procedure was developed so that comparative tests could be performed using various cleaning fluids. Dirt coated blades were installed in a wind tunnel capable of simulating compressor operating conditions. A spray nozzle upstream of the blade test section was used for washing blades with five different test liquids to determine the effectiveness or advantages of any liquid. Once this testing was completed, a similar test setup was then utilized to inject a mixture of formulated fouling dirt and the various online cleaning liquids upstream of the blade into the wind tunnel to assess redeposit characteristics. The effect of high-purity water versus regular water on fouling dirt was also studied in separate residue experiments. Results indicate that spraying cleaning fluid into a flowing air stream is a viable means of cleaning a compressor blade. Each of the fluids was able to clean the test blade at both low and high air velocities and at different blade incident angles. Within the parameters/fluids tested, the results indicate that: (1) The blade cleaning is primarily a mechanical function and does not depend on the type of fluid used for cleaning. The results showed that most of the cleaning occurs shortly after the cleaning fluid is introduced into the flow stream. (2) Dirt removed from the blades may redeposit in other areas as the cleaning fluid is evaporated. Redeposit occurred in flow recirculation zones during the cleaning tests, and heated flow tests demonstrated dirt deposit in the presence of a cleaning fluid. In addition, the type of fluid used for cleaning has no effect on the redeposit characteristics of the dirt. (3) Blade erosion was not found to be a significant issue for the short durations that online water-washing was performed. However, uncontrolled water-washing (or overspray) for extended periods of time did result in measureable leading and trailing edge blade erosions.
Using structure patterns of temporal and spectral feature in audio similarity measure (2003)

Although statistical characteristics of audio features are widely used for similarity measure in most of current audio analysis systems and have been proved to be effective, they only utilized the averaged feature variations over time, and thus lead to inaccuracy in some cases. In this paper, structure pattern, which describes the representative structure characteristics of both temporal and spectral features, is proposed to improve the similarity measure for audio effects. Three kind structure patterns are proposed and utilized in current work, including energy contour pattern, harmonicity pattern and pitch contour pattern. Evaluations on a content-based audio retrieval system indicate that structure patterns can improve the performance pretty much.
<title>Photonic crystal microcavities for cavity quantum electrodynamics</title> (2002)

We have measured quality factors as high as 4000 for cavity resonances at 1.3 eV in photonic crystal microcavities formed by removing seven holes. In this paper, we discuss the prospect of coupling a single optical mode of a photonic crystal microcavity to the single-exciton (1X) level of a semiconductor quantum dot.
Low-frequency stimulation of the perforant path produces long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of unanesthetized rats (1983)

Brief periods of high-frequency stimulation of hippocampal afferents produce long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission, but the minimum frequency capable of inducing this alteration in synaptic efficacy has not been specified. The present study used the repeated measurement of input-output curves in the perforant path - dentate gyrus system of freely moving rats to monitor synaptic efficacy and found that stimulation at 0.2 Hz, but not 0.04 Hz produced LTP. These results suggest that the minimum stimulation frequency capable of producing LTP is lower than previously described. Possible reasons for the discrepancy between the present and previous findings are discussed, along with the implications of low-frequency potentiation.
Regulation of Expression of Galanin and Galanin Receptors in Dorsal Root Ganglia and Spinal Cord after Axotomy and Inflammation <sup>a</sup> (1998)

Galanin can normally be detected only in a few dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, but it is dramatically upregulated after peripheral nerve injury in both rat and monkey. Galanin is stored in large dense core vesicles, which after axotomy are often found close to the membrane of afferent nerve endings in the dorsal horn. In the monkey there is an increase in galanin in many nerve terminals in the superficial dorsal horn after axotomy, but such an increase is more difficult to detect in the rat. Galanin is also present in local dorsal horn neurons, where it is upregulated by peripheral inflammation. Both galanin-R1 and galanin-R2 receptor mRNAs are expressed in rat DRGs, mainly in, respectively, large and small DRG neurons. Galanin-R1 receptor mRNA is downregulated in DRG neurons after axotomy, and a small decrease in galanin-R2 receptor mRNA levels can also be seen. After peripheral tissue inflammation galanin-R1 receptor mRNA levels decrease and galanin-R2 receptor mRNA levels increase. The present results show that galanin and galanin receptors are present in sensory and local dorsal horn neurons and are regulated by nerve injury and inflammation. Galanin may therefore be involved in processing of pain information, primarily exerting analgesic effects. Whereas local dorsal horn neurons represent a defense system against inflammatory pain, we have proposed that a second defense system, against neuropathic pain, is intrinsic to DRG neurons.
A block segmentation method for document images with complicated column structures (2002)

Presents a novel block segmentation method for document images which can be applied to various document formats. Some documents have complicated column structures, in which some figure areas have no surrounding rectangles and others cut across text areas. In the approach presented, in order to segment documents into text and figure areas, the text areas are analyzed first, and the figure areas are then detected by analyzing information on the text areas. The overall process is as follows. First, character strings are merged into text groups by analyzing regularity in the text areas. Next, border lines of columns are detected by linking the edges of the text groups. After that, the whole page is segmented into small blocks according to the border lines. The blocks are then unified by using the column information, and some unified blocks are detected. Finally, a projection profile method is applied to the unified blocks in order to detect text areas and figure areas. This method was applied to 61 pages of Japanese technical papers and magazines, and 93.3% of the text areas and 93.2% of the figure areas were detected correctly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Micro-arousals during nocturnal sleep. (1979)

In 8 young adult human subjects EEG- and polygraphic characteristics of transient shifts towards arousal (micro-arousal, MA) have been studied during sleep under five different experimental conditions in 40 night sessions. Out of the five applied experimental situations, two (psychostimulant application and sensory stimulation) resulted in a shift of the balance between the systems of sleep and arousal towards an increased activity of the arousal system, while an other condition (rebound following partial sleep deprivation) led to an opposite change to a rise in "sleep pressure". An inverse correlation has been found between the frequency of MA and the depth of sleep, a finding consistently observed in every subject and in every experimental situation. During the process of sleep periodic changes in the dispersity of MA could be seen; the number of MA-s decreased and increased according to the descending and ascending slope of the sleep cycles. During the ascending slope of cycles there was a coupling between the occurence of MA-s and the changes of phases. Increases in the level of activation and in sleep pressure did not influence the occurrence of MA-s. Increasing the tone of the arousal system in chemical way, or by means of enhancing the phasic sensory input resulted in a reduction of the difference between the number of MA on the descending and ascending slopes of cycles. During the phases of sleep, the spontaneous occurrence of MA-s went parallel with the possibility to evoke MA-s by sensory stimuli. These data show that MA is a regular phenomenon of nocturnal sleep; MA manifests itself as a result of phasic functioning of the reticular arousal system and plays a role in the organization of those periods of the sleep cycle, which tend toward arousal. It is suggested that MA-phenomenon is considered a standard measure of sleep and that it could represent an indicator of the function of the arousal system controlled by external or internal mechanisms during sleep.
Implementing wireless communication links in 3-D ICs utilizing wide-band on-chip meandering microbump antenna (2013)

Three-dimensional integrated circuit (3-D IC) technology for improving integration density has made great progress, and its wide deployment in high performance computing systems has been envisaged during the recent years. We present a promising perspective of wireless communication links between 3-D ICs for reducing latency and overall pin count. We propose a wireless link utilizing a fully Si-compatible micro-bump antenna, and demonstrate the feasibility of using micro-bumps placed between the layers of 3-D IC as a high-efficiency, compact, and wide-bandwidth antenna. The wide-bandwidth antenna allows a highly flexible wireless link with a data capacity comparable to that of wireline link and shows high invariability over process variation.
Copper-Catalyzed C−P Bond Construction via Direct Coupling of Phenylboronic Acids with H-Phosphonate Diesters (2011)

A mild and efficient method was developed for the copper-catalyzed additions of H-phosphonate diesters to boronic acids under the copper catalyst system Cu(2)O/1,10-phenanthroline. To the best of our knowledge this finding is the first example of a copper-catalyzed synthesis of aryl phosphonates from arylboronic acids and H-phosphonate dialkyl esters.
Combinatorial Optimization (2012)

The symposium ISCO 2018 aims to bring together researchers from all the communities related to combinatorial optimization, including algorithms and complexity, mathematical programming and operations research. It is intended for presenting original research in these areas and in their intersections.
Voltage clamping current mirrors with 13-decades gain adjustment range suitable for low power MOS/bipolar current mode signal processing circuits (2002)

Low power current mode signal processing circuits require the two following conditions: (a) use of current mirrors to replicate and amplify/attenuate current signals, and (b) voltage clamping of those nodes with high parasitic capacitances so that the smallest current levels do not introduce unacceptable delays. In this paper we introduce two new active-input current mirrors that clamp their input node to a given voltage and which do not require compensation circuitry for stability. In conventional active-input current mirrors, input current cannot be made arbitrarily small, because this would produce oscillations. In the structures proposed in this paper current may spawn beyond six decades without requiring any compensation. Furthermore, the two new proposed current mirrors, if operated in weak inversion, can be made to have a continuously voltage controlled gain with a tuning range of up to 13 decades. The proposed active-input current mirrors can be operated either with MOS or bipolar transistors. Experimental results that attest these facts are provided.
Advanced Mission Management System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2014)

The paper presents advanced mission management system (MMS) for unmanned aerial vehicles, based on integrated modular avionics (IMA) architecture. IMA architecture enables the MMS to host high end functions for autonomous navigation and attack. MMS is a collection of systems to execute the mission objectives. The system constitutes mission computer (MC), sensors and other sub-systems. The MMS-MC needs to execute advanced algorithms like terrain referenced navigation, vision-aided navigation, automatic target recognition, sensor fusion, online path planning, and tactical planning for autonomy and safety. This demands high-end architecture in terms of hardware, software, and communication. The MMS-MC is designed to exploit the benefits of IMA concepts such as open system architecture, hardware and software architecture catering for portability, technology transparency, scalability, system reconfigurability and fault tolerance. This paper investigates on advanced navigation methods for augmenting INS with terrain-referenced navigation and vision-aided navigation during GPS non-availability. This paper also includes approach to implement these methods and simulation results are provided accordingly, and also discusses in a limited way, the approach for implementing online path planning. Defence Science Journal, Vol. 64, No. 5, September 2014, pp.438-444, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.64.5992
Gene-for-gene disease resistance without the hypersensitive response in <i>Arabidopsis dnd1</i> mutant (1998)

The cell death response known as the hypersensitive response (HR) is a central feature of gene-for-gene plant disease resistance. A mutant line of Arabidopsis thaliana was identified in which effective gene-for-gene resistance occurs despite the virtual absence of HR cell death. Plants mutated at the DND1 locus are defective in HR cell death but retain characteristic responses to avirulent Pseudomonas syringae such as induction of pathogenesis-related gene expression and strong restriction of pathogen growth. Mutant dnd1 plants also exhibit enhanced resistance against a broad spectrum of virulent fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. The resistance against virulent pathogens in dnd1 plants is quantitatively less strong and is differentiable from the gene-for-gene resistance mediated by resistance genes RPS2 and RPM1. Levels of salicylic acid compounds and mRNAs for pathogenesis-related genes are elevated constitutively in dnd1 plants. This constitutive induction of systemic acquired resistance may substitute for HR cell death in potentiating the stronger gene-for-gene defense response. Although cell death may contribute to defense signal transduction in wild-type plants, the dnd1 mutant demonstrates that strong restriction of pathogen growth can occur in the absence of extensive HR cell death in the gene-for-gene resistance response of Arabidopsis against P. syringae.
Thermal Stability of Furfural (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal Stability of FurfuralA. P. Dunlop and Fredus N. Peters Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1940, 32, 12, 1639–1641Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50372a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50372a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views487Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Quantifying Self-Organization with Optimal Predictors (2004)

Despite broad interest in self-organizing systems, there are few quantitative, experimentally applicable criteria for self-organization. The existing criteria all give counter-intuitive results for important cases. In this Letter, we propose a new criterion, namely, an internally generated increase in the statistical complexity, the amount of information required for optimal prediction of the system's dynamics. We precisely define this complexity for spatially extended dynamical systems, using the probabilistic ideas of mutual information and minimal sufficient statistics. This leads to a general method for predicting such systems and a simple algorithm for estimating statistical complexity. The results of applying this algorithm to a class of models of excitable media (cyclic cellular automata) strongly support our proposal.
Fractionally Charged Color Singlets (1982)

Larue, Phillips, and Fairbank have reported the observation of excess charges ±1/3 e on cold Nb spheres1,2. Since every schoolboy now knows that color is permanently confined (except perhaps at the very high temperatures of the early universe), this observation implies the existence of a new kind of particle, a fractionally charged color singlet which we shall generically call a “fracton”.
Remote-controlled catheter ablation of accessory pathways: results from the magnetic laboratory (2006)

Remote AP ablation is safe and feasible using the novel MNS. Introduction of the 3-magnet quadripolar ablation catheter significantly improved the efficacy of the procedure.
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Characteristics of Tumor Microenvironment and Barriers to Treatment (2020)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains a highly aggressive disease, with a 5-year relative survival rate of 10%. Numerous barriers to treatment exist, such as dense desmoplasia, infiltration of immune suppressor cells, inhibitory cytokines, low effector T-cell infiltration, and low tumor mutational burden. These factors help form a highly suppressive tumor microenvironment unique to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This review outlines barriers to treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by discussing the unique characteristics of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment and the factors that contribute to making pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma such a challenging disease to treat.
Development of cost-effective high-density through-wafer interconnects for 3D microsystems (2006)

High-density through-wafer interconnects are of great interest for fabricating real 3D microsystems. A complete solution for realizing through-wafer interconnects is presented. The proposed solution is believed to be cost effective and easy to integrate in a device process flow. A deep reactive ion etch process was developed to etch 20 × 20 µm2 via holes through 300 µm thick silicon wafers. Thermal oxide is used to insulate the vias from the bulk silicon and heavily doped polysilicon is used as the conductor. Aluminum metallization is provided on both sides of the wafer. The electrical resistance of a single through-wafer via is close to 30 Ω.
Strategies for augmenting the pentachlorophenol degradation potential of UASB anaerobic granules (2002)

Anaerobic degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an example of a process that may benefit from enrichment or bioaugmentation. In one approach, enrichment acceleration was attempted by applying an on-line control-based selective stress strategy to a native anaerobic upflow sludge bed (UASB) system; this strategy linked PCP loading rate to methane production. As a result, the reactor biomass potential for PCP complete dechlorination reached a rate of 4 mg g(-1) volatile suspended solid (VSS) day(-1) within a period of 120 days. In another approach, a pure culture, Desulfitobacterium frappieri PCP-1, a strictly anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium, was used to augment the granular biomass of the UASB reactor. This also resulted in a specific degradation rate of 4 mg PCPg(-1) VSS day(-1); however, this potential was attained within 56 days. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that the PCP-1 strain was able to rapidly attach to the granule and densely colonize the outer biofilm layer.