gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The iodo-Tamoxifens: molecular structures and syntheses of estrogens for external imaging of carcinoma (1983)

The E- and Z-isomers of an iodo-Tamoxifen 1 (1-(p-(β-dimethylaminoethoxy)phenyl)-2-(p-iodophenyl)-1-phenyl-1-butenes) have been prepared from the corresponding E- and Z-amino-Tamoxifens 2 (2-(p-aminophenyl)-1-(p-(β-dimethylaminoethoxy)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1-butenes) and the molecular structures have been determined from three dimensional X-ray data. Crystals of E-1 are triclinic, space group [Formula: see text], with Z = 2 in a cell of dimensions a = 10.714(2), b = 14.125(3), c = 8.240(2) Å, α = 95.78(1), β = 92.91(1), and γ = 71.41(1)°; those of Z-1 are monoclinic, space group P2 1 /n, with Z = 4 and cell dimensions a = 12.675(2), b = 19.553(3), c = 9.483(1) Å, and β = 92.22(1)°. Intensity data collected on an automated four circle diffractometer were used for full-matrix least-squares refinement on F, which converged for E-1 at R = 0.054, 2736 observations, and for Z-1 at R = 0.042, 3644 observations. The solution of these structures determines the configuration of these isomers as well as the respective amino precursors and allows an unambiguous assignment of the proton nmr spectra of 1, 2 and the Tamoxifens.
Biosynthesis of mammalian glycoproteins. Glycosylation pathways in the synthesis of the nonreducing terminal sequences. (1979)

Six purified glycosyltransferase (a beta-galactoside alpha 2 leads to 6 sialyltransferase, a beta-galactoside alpha 2 leads to 3 sialyltransferase, an alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha 2 leads to 6 sialyltransferase, a beta-galactoside alpha 1 leads to 2 fucosyltransferase, a beta-N-acetylglucosaminide alpha 1 leads to 3 fucosyltransferase, and a (fucosyl alpha 1 leads to 2) galactoside alpha 1 leads to 3 N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase) have been used to study the biosynthetic pathways for formation of the nonreducing terminal oligosaccharide sequences in mammalian glycoproteins. The two glycoproteins used as model acceptor substrates in this study were human asialotransferrin, which contains the nonreducing terminal oligosaccharide sequence Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man, and antifreeze glycoprotein, which contains oligosaccarides with the structure, Gal beta 1 leads to 3GalNAc alph 1 leads O-Thr. Sequential action of the six glycosyltransferases on these model substrates led to the formation of previously described oligosaccharide structures. The studies reported here indicate that the substrate specificities of the individual enzymes dictate the structures that can be synthesized and the pathways by which they may be formed. The actions of a number of the transferasesare mutually exclusive, thereby prohibiting the formation of theoretically possible oligosaccharide structures. Oligosaccharides with the terminal sequence NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2)Gal beta 1 leads to 3GalNAc and NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6Gal beta 1 leads to 4(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 3)GlcNAc cannot be formed because the prior incorporation of sialic acid by the sialyltransferases yields products that are not acceptor substrates for the fucosyltransferases, and vice versa. Synthesis of other products requires that the enzymes act sequentially in a specific order. The structures NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2)Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc, Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2Gal beta 1 leads to 4(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 3)GlcNAc, GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2)Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc, and GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2)Gal beta 1 leads to 3GalNAc can only be synthesized if the fucosyl alpha 1 leads to 2 galactose linkage is formed first. Synthesis of the pentasaccharide sequences GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2)Gal beta 1 leads to 3(NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6)GalNAc and GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2)Gal beta 1 leads to 4(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 3)GlcNAc requires that the N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase act last on the former structure and that the alpha 1 leads to 3 fucosyltransferase act last on the latter. In those instances where a product can be formed by one of two possible pathways, the comparisons of reaction rates indicate that one pathway is usually preferred...
The peripheral messenger RNA expression of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β genes in Alzheimer's disease patients: a preliminary study (2012)

In AD patients, the mRNA expression level of the GSK-3β gene is increased and may be related to age and behavioural pathology in AD.
Maximally Selected Rank Statistics (1992)

A common statistical problem is the assessment of the predictive power of a quantitative variable for some dependent variable. A maximally selected rank statistic regarding the quantitative variable provides a test and implicitly an estimate of a cutpoint as a simple classification rule. Restricting the selection to an arbitrary given inner part of the support of the quantitative variable, we show that the asymptotic null distribution of the maximally selected rank statistic is the distribution of the supremum of the absolute value of a standardized Gaussian process on an interval. The asymptotic argument holds also in the case of tied or censored observations. We compare Monte Carlo results with an approximation of the asymptotic distribution under the null hypothesis. In addition, we investigate the behaviour of the test procedure and of the familiar Spearman rank test for independence, under some alternatives. Moreover, we discuss some aspects of the problem of estimating an underlying cutpoint.
An overlapped block motion compensation for high quality motion picture coding (2003)

An overlapped block motion compensation scheme, which is especially suitable for hybrid coding schemes combine with overlapped transforms, is described. Motion compensation is achieved using enlarged and overlapped blocks. When motion estimation is executed, a window function operates on the prediction error signals. The power of the resulting signal is calculated and used for motion vector evaluation. When motion-compensated prediction is executed, the same window function operates on the prediction signals. The total prediction signal is generated by summing up all the block signals obtained. With this scheme, prediction signals without blocking edges are obtained. The mean square error (MSE) of the prediction error signal is reduced about 19%, and FFT analysis results show that the coefficient power in the frequency domain is concentrated in the lower frequency part. This indicates higher coding efficiency for the overlapped transforms, and for conventional block based transforms as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
AutoSF: Searching Scoring Functions for Knowledge Graph Embedding (2020)

Scoring functions (SFs), which measure the plausibility of triplets in knowledge graph (KG), have become the crux of KG embedding. Lots of SFs, which target at capturing different kinds of relations in KGs, have been designed by humans in recent years. However, as relations can exhibit complex patterns that are hard to infer before training, none of them can consistently perform better than others on existing benchmark data sets. In this paper, inspired by the recent success of automated machine learning (AutoML), we propose to automatically design SFs (AutoSF) for distinct KGs by the AutoML techniques. However, it is non-trivial to explore domain-specific information here to make AutoSF efficient and effective. We firstly identify a unified representation over popularly used SFs, which helps to set up a search space for AutoSF. Then, we propose a greedy algorithm to search in such a space efficiently. The algorithm is further sped up by a filter and a predictor, which can avoid repeatedly training SFs with same expressive ability and help removing bad candidates during the search before model training. Finally, we perform extensive experiments on benchmark data sets. Results on link prediction and triplets classification show that the searched SFs by AutoSF, are KG dependent, new to the literature, and outperform the state-of- the-art SFs designed by humans.
Pestivirus glycoprotein which induces neutralizing antibodies forms part of a disulfide-linked heterodimer (1990)

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against hog cholera virus (HCV) precipitated two HCV-encoded glycoproteins, HCV gp55 and HCV gp33. Immunoassay with bacterial fusion proteins and Western immunoblotting with extracts from infected cells revealed that the antibodies recognized only HCV gp55. Coprecipitation of HCV gp33 was shown to be due to intermolecular disulfide bridges. One of the antibodies also reacted with the major glycoprotein of another pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The analogous BVDV glycoproteins exhibited a distribution of cysteine residues which was almost identical to that of HCV gp55 and gp33. The two BVDV glycoproteins were also linked by disulfide bridges.
A Superior, High-performance Enzyme for Breaking Borate Cross-linked Fracturing Fluids under Extreme Well Conditions (2012)

Abstract Enzyme breakers have been previously used for hydrolyzing guar gels at temperatures below 150°F. There is an industry-wide demand for enzyme breakers that can function under higher temperature (200-250°F) and extreme pH (≥10.5) conditions. To fill this gap, Verenium Corporation has developed an exceptionally thermo-stable cellulase enzyme, referred to hereafter as mannanase, that was discovered from a hydrothermal vent sample. This mannanase exhibits well differentiated performance under extreme downhole conditions encountered in gas shales and deeper oil/gas wells. This superior mannanase can effectively break linear and borate cross-linked guar under broad ranges of temperature (80°F up to at least 225°F as seen by rheology and up to 275°F using residual activity analysis ) and pH (3.0 up to 10.5). The results of rheological tests show that only a small dose is required (100 ppm or less) to achieve the complete break. The enzymatic reaction can be triggered by the changes of temperature and pH during fracturing operations. This mannanase also exhibits a dose response that allows the operator to generate a desirable viscosity/time profile by adjusting enzyme dosage. Even in the presence of fluid additives, such as buffers, salts, stabilizers and cross-linkers, this mannanase is active for effective viscosity reduction. This mannanase breaker belongs to the glucanase family. It reduces gel viscosity by specifically targeting β -1,4 glycosidic bonds between the mannose units in guar. The carbohydrate profiling tests demonstrate that this enzyme effectively and efficiently breaks the long-guar polymers into small, soluble fragments that will eliminate gel re-healing. The conductivity tests demonstrate extensive cleaving of guar and removal of polymer residues that cause formation damage and reduce fracture conductivity.
Random Signal Characteristics of Super Resolution Near Field Structure Read-Only Memory Disc (2006)

We report the random pattern signal characteristics of the super resolution near field structure (Super-RENS) disk in a red laser optical system.(Laser wavelength 659 nm, numerical aperture 0.6) We improved the carrier to noise ratio (CNR) characteristics and the low frequency noise by optimizing the layer design and the pit structure, which results in 53 dB CNR at 173 nm pit length.It is equivalent to 50 GB capacity if it is converted by Blu-ray Disc (BD) specification according to the ratio of beam size.We also improved the readout power margin and the stability greatly by introducing the thermal control layer.The eye pattern under phase locked loop (PLL) state could be obtained through equalization adjustment (EQ).Through above improvements, we obtain the bER of 4:6 10 4 at 50 GB level by using partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) method.
Reaction of <i>N</i>‐(4‐pyridylmethyl)benzamide <i>N</i>‐oxides with ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of acetic anhydride (1986)

Abstract Reaction of N ‐(4‐pyridylmethyl)benzamide N ‐oxides 2a‐f with ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of acetic anhydride yield dimerization compounds 3a‐f and ( E )‐ethyl 2‐cyano‐3‐(4‐pyridyl)‐3(benzoylamino)acrylates 4a‐f , which react with hydrazine to give 4‐cyano‐3‐(4‐pyridyl)‐3‐pyrazolin‐5‐one 9 and the corresponding benzamides 10a‐f .
Trends in electronics (2014)

This paper reviews briefly the trends in electronics from its inception and describes the ubiquitous applications of electronics in various fields of Defence Equipments and Systems.
The Prevalence of Hearing Impairment and Reported Hearing Disability among Adults in Great Britain (1989)

Estimates for the prevalence of self-reported hearing disability and measured hearing impairment as a function of age in the adult population of Great Britain (GB) are reported from two 2-stage surveys. The main study was conducted in Cardiff, Glasgow, Nottingham and Southampton, with rigorous audiological assessment at the second stage. A supplementary study used a sample representative of GB with simplified domiciliary audiological assessments. In the main study, neither stage showed any gross bias arising from the particular cities chosen; the estimates from the first stage are free of bias arising from non-response. The estimates from the second stage are relatively free of bias arising from non-attendance. For the present purposes, defining a 'significant' level of hearing impairment as at least 25 dBHL averaged over the frequencies 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz, 16% of the adult population (17-80 years) have a bilateral, and about one in four a unilateral or bilateral, hearing impairment. About 10% of the adult population (aged 17+) report bilateral hearing difficulty in a quiet environment.
Use of anticatabolic agents for burns (1996)

Severe burn injury leads to a catabolic state caused by inflammatory mediators and increased levels of catabolic hormones. The result is a marked loss of body protein stores leading to immune deficiency, impaired healing, muscle weakness, and loss of organ function. Optimum nutrition-especially a high protein intake (2 g/kg/d)–can attenuate but not prevent a significant loss of lean body mass. The addition of anabolic agents to optimum burn care and nutrition, can further decrease nitrogen losses and increase the rate of restoration of muscle mass and protein stores during the recovery period. These anabolic agents include glutamine, in doses of 0.5 g/kg/d, human growth hormone, or the oral testosterone analogue oxandrolone. Levels of all three compounds are decreased after severe injury. Oxandrolone appears to be of particular benefit because of its high anabolic potency and minimal side effects. Resistance exercises are also an important anabolic stimulus to initiate early in the post-burn period.
Different Hierarchies of Anti–Modified Protein Autoantibody Reactivities in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2020)

ACPAs and anti-modified protein autoantibodies represent overlapping facets of RA autoimmunity and bind to a wide variety of modified proteins, extending well beyond the historically recognized set of RA autoantigens. So far, KAc reactivity has been detected only in the context of anti-carbamylated and anti-citrullinated peptide autoantibody responses, postulating the existence of hierarchies of autoreactivity in RA. Future investigations of ACPA fine specificities and functionality should take into consideration the presence of consensus Cit/Carb/KAc motifs and the multireactivity of these autoantibodies in patients with RA.
The effect of microcapsule size on the oxidative decomposition of core material (1978)

Abstract The factors that affect the size of microcapsules and the oxidation of their benzaldehyde core have been examined. The pH of the preparation changed the overall size of the microcapsules which reached a maximum diameter at pH 4·1. The size of the core droplets also varied with the preparative pH and their oxidation rate depended on the bulk droplet size rather than their surface area. A rapid oxidation of benzaldehyde associated with the microcapsule wall resulted in a preliminary peak in the oxidation curve. Explanations for these phenomena are discussed.
Effects of hyperoncotic albumin on endothelial barrier properties of rat lung (1993)

We have determined the effect of concentrated albumin on lung endothelial hydraulic conductivity (Lp) by our split-drop technique. We anesthetized 39 rats (2% halothane and pentobarbital sodium, 30 mg/kg ip; Sprague-Dawley, 500 g), then isolated and blood perfused their lungs. At constant inflation pressure (5 cmH2O) and stopped blood flow, we viewed subpleural venules (diameter, 20 microns) by microscopy and video. By micropuncture, we first microinfused a venule for 6 min with albumin that was either isoncotic (4 g/dl) or hyperoncotic (6 g/dl) with respect to rat plasma. In the same venule we then injected and split an oil drop with 4 g/dl albumin. From the rates of movement of the split oil drop at different vascular pressures, we determined Lp for 4 g/dl albumin. In venules that were previously microinfused for 6 min with 4 g/dl albumin, Lp for 4 g/dl albumin did not differ from that of noninfused controls (5.4 +/- 0.8 x 10(-7) ml.cm-2.s-1.cmH2O-1). However, after a similar microinfusion of 6 g/dl albumin, the Lp immediately increased more than two times above baseline (P < 0.01) but returned to baseline after 15 min. Lp for 4 g/dl albumin was not affected by hyperoncotic preinfusions of either neutral dextran or immunoglobulin G. We conclude that concentrated albumin caused a reversible increase of the lung endothelial barrier conductivity.
Effect of Reducing Agent on the Chemical Reduction of Graphene Oxides (2013)

The effect of treatment on the de-oxygenation and restoration of pi-pi conjugation of graphene oxides (GO), through basic (sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), hydrazine hydrate, and NaBH4 and hydrazine hydrate) and neutral (superheated H2O) reducing agents has been studied. Reduced GO samples were extensively characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and electrical conductivity measurements. It was found that treatment with hydrazine hydrate was the most effective for the reduction of GO. NaBH4 and superheated H2O were the next best performing reducing agents, and NaOH was the least efficient. This study demonstrates that by varying the reducing agent, one can modify the physical and chemical properties of reduced GO, including electrical conductivity and thermal stability.
Activation of rat brain ornithine decarboxylase by GTP (1994)

The activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) measured in different regions of rat brain was highest in the hippocampus and lowest in the cerebellum. The ODC activity of a crude extract of the cerebellum was increased by the addition of GTP to the enzyme assay. Following dissociation of the ODC-antizyme complex by Sephadex G-75 chromatography in buffer containing 0.25 M NaCl, the GTP-activatable ODC was found in every brain region analysed. This GTP-activatable brain ODC has greater affinity for antizyme than the non-GTP-activatable brain ODC or the kidney ODC. The irreversible inhibitor of ODC, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), inhibited approx. 60% of the ODC activity of all brain regions, whereas kidney ODC was inhibited totally by DFMO. When extracts of brain and kidney were incubated at 55 degrees C, kidney ODC was rapidly inactivated, but brain ODC was more heat-stable. Brain ODC, but not kidney ODC, was activated by GTP and ATP, and also by their deoxy forms. The K1/2 for activation of the enzyme was 2 microM for GTP and 40 microM for ATP. Using partially purified brain ODC, the activation by GTP was irreversible. These results demonstrate for the first time that the GTP-activatable ODC exists in the brain and is associated with the antizyme. The possible mechanisms of activation by GTP, the significance of this finding for the regulation of brain ODC, and the similarities to and differences from the GTP-activatable ODC found in certain rodent and human tumours are all discussed.
Architectural framework for developing concurrent applications (2002)

The goal of the work reported is to construct a framework that supports the development of concurrent applications. The paper presents the operational structure of an object based architectural system, illustrates the different kinds of relationships that may exist between the objects in an operational structure and how communication between the objects in such relationships is solved by message passing. Examples of synchronous, asynchronous and remote invocation types of process interaction models are also shown.
A Review of Animal Model Studies of Tomato Carotenoids, Lycopene, and Cancer Chemoprevention (2002)

There are relatively few reports on the cancer chemopreventive effects of lycopene or tomato carotenoids in animal models. The majority, but not all, of these studies indicate a protective effect. Inhibitory effects were reported in two studies using aberrant crypt foci, an intermediate lesion leading to colon cancer, as an end point and in two mammary tumor studies, one using the dimethylbenz(a)anthracene model, and the other the spontaneous mouse model. Inhibitory effects were also reported in mouse lung and rat hepatocarcinoma and bladder cancer models. However, a report from the author's laboratory found no effect in the N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumor model when crystalline lycopene or a lycopene-rich tomato carotenoid oleoresin was administered in the diet. Unfortunately, because of differences in routes of administration (gavage, intraperitoneal injection, intra-rectal instillation, drinking water, and diet supplementation), species and strain differences, form of lycopene (pure crystalline, beadlet, mixed carotenoid suspension), varying diets (grain-based, casein based) and dose ranges (0.5-500 ppm), no two studies are comparable. It is clear that the majority of ingested lycopene is excreted in the feces and that 1000-fold more lycopene is absorbed and stored in the liver than accumulates in other target organs. Nonetheless, physiologically significant (nanogram) levels of lycopene are assimilated by key organs such as breast, prostate, lung, and colon, and there is a rough dose-response relationship between lycopene intake and blood levels. Pure lycopene was absorbed less efficiently than the lycopene-rich tomato carotenoid oleoresin and blood levels of lycopene in rats fed a grain-based diet were consistently lower than those in rats fed lycopene in a casein-based diet. The latter suggests that the matrix in which lycopene is incorporated is an important determinant of lycopene uptake. A number of issues remain to be resolved before any definitive conclusions can be drawn concerning the anticancer effects of lycopene. These include the following: the optimal dose and form of lycopene, interactions among lycopene and other carotenoids and fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin E and D, the role of dietary fat in regulating lycopene uptake and disposition, organ and tissue specificity, and the problem of extrapolation from rodent models to human populations.
Short Notices (1957)

Short Notices Get access KATHERINE M. E. MURRAY KATHERINE M. E. MURRAY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXII, Issue CLXXXII, January 1957, Pages 149-b–150, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXII.CLXXXII.149-b Published: 01 January 1957