gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective supervision: guiding supervised learning with decision-theoretic active learning (2007)

An inescapable bottleneck with learning from large data sets is the high cost of labeling training data. Unsupervised learning methods have promised to lower the cost of tagging by leveraging notions of similarity among data points to assign tags. However, unsupervised and semi-supervised learning techniques often provide poor results due to errors in estimation. We look at methods that guide the allocation of human effort for labeling data so as to get the greatest boosts in discriminatory power with increasing amounts of work. We focus on the application of value of information to Gaussian Process classifiers and explore the effectiveness of the method on the task of classifying voice messages.
A Practical Guide to Pseudospectral Methods (1996)

Partial differential equations arise in almost all areas of science, engineering, modeling, and forecasting. During the last two decades pseudospectral methods have emerged as successful alternatives to better known computational procedures, (e.g. finite difference and finite element methods of numerical solution), in several key application areas. These areas include computational fluid dynamics, wave motion, and weather forecasting. This book explains how, when and why this pseudospectral approach works. In order to make the subject accessible to students as well as researchers and engineers, the subject is presented using illustrations, examples, heuristic explanations, and algorithms rather than rigorous theoretical arguments. This book will be of interest to graduate students, scientists and engineers interested in applying pseudospectral methods to real problems.
Asymmetry analysis in breast cancer detection using thermal infrared images (2002)

Automated diagnostic tools always provide the doctors with the very valuable second opinion during disease diagnosis. This paper discusses an automated approach for breast cancer detection using thermal infrared (TIR) images. Breast cancer is a disease in which only early diagnosis increases the survival hope. The cancer cells with their higher metabolic rate are hotter than the normal cells and this property makes the cancerous tumors appear as hotspots in the TIR images. The existence of asymmetry in the temperature distribution indicates the existence of a tumor. In this paper, we initially segment the breast part of the TIR image using the Hough transform of a parabola. Upon segmentation, different features are extracted from the breast segments. Comparison of these features is done to detect any asymmetry and thus classify the image as cancerous or non-cancerous. The segmentation and feature extraction are performed on images obtained from Bioyear Inc.
Cloning, expression, and sequencing of a protease gene (tpr) from Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 in Escherichia coli (1992)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a highly proteolytic organism which metabolizes small peptides and amino acids. Indirect evidence suggests that the proteases produced by this microorganism constitute an important virulence factor. In this study, a gene bank of P. gingivalis W83 DNA was constructed by cloning 0.5- to 20-kb HindIII-cut DNA fragments into Escherichia coli DH5 alpha by using the plasmid vector pUC19. A clone expressing a protease from P. gingivalis was isolated on LB agar containing 1% skim milk. The clone contained a 3.0-kb insert that coded for a protease with an apparent molecular mass of 64 kDa. Sequencing part of the 3.0-kb DNA fragment revealed an open reading frame encoding a protein of 482 amino acids with a molecular mass of 62.5 kDa. Putative promoter and termination elements flanking the open reading frame were identified. The activity expressed in E. coli was extensively characterized by using various substrates and protease inhibitors, and the results suggest that it is possibly a thiol protease.
La écfrasis literaria en "Un día en la vida de Julia" de Juan García Ponce (2006)

Current-time recordings of emulsified toluene microdroplets containing 20 mM Ferrocene (Fc), show electrochemical oxidation peaks from individual adsorption events on disk microelectrodes (5 μm diameter). The average droplet diameter (∼0.7 μm) determined from peak area integration was close to Dynamic Light Scattering measurements (∼1 μm). Random walk simulations were performed deriving equations for droplet electrolysis using the diffusion and thermal velocity expressions from Einstein. The simulations show that multiple droplet-electrode collisions, lasting ∼0.11 μs each, occur before a droplet wanders away. Updating the Fc-concentration at every collision shows that a droplet only oxidizes ∼0.58% of its content in one collisional journey. In fact, it would take ∼5.45 × 10<sup>6</sup> collisions and ∼1.26 h to electrolyze the Fc in one droplet with the collision frequency derived from the thermal velocity (∼0.52 cm/s) of a 1 μm-droplet. To simulate adsorption, the droplet was immobilized at first contact with the electrode while the electrolysis current was computed. This approach along with modeling of instrumental filtering, produced the best match of experimental peaks, which were attributed to electrolysis from single adsorption events instead of multiple consecutive collisions. These results point to a heightened sensitivity and speed when relying on adsorption instead of collisions. The electrochemical current for the former is limited by the probability of adsorption per collision, whereas for the latter, the current depends on the collision frequency and the probability of electron transfer per collision (<i>J. Am. Chem. Soc.</i> <b>2017</b>, <i>139</i>, 16923-16931).
Lead strontium telluride and lead barium telluride grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (1987)

Long wavelength diode lasers operating in the 3–10-μm wavelength range are of interest as optical sources for future fiber optics communications and sensor systems. PbEuSeTe large optical cavity single quantum well diode lasers have so far attained the highest operating temperatures (174 K cw, 280 K pulsed) in this wavelength range. Two alternative materials systems PbSrTe and PbBaTe have now been grown for the first time by molecular-beam epitaxy. The choice of these ternaries was motivated by the fact that SrTe and BaTe have the same face-centered-cubic crystal structure as PbTe and roughly comparable lattice constants, but much larger energy band gaps. In the Pb1−xSrxTe system, x-ray diffraction studies show clear evidence of phase segregation for x&gt;0.15. The carrier mobilities decrease monotonically with strontium concentration in the single phase region, which suggests that disorder-related scattering is dominant. The energy band gap increases approximately as dEg/dx=3.2 eV for small x, and the index of refraction decreases monotonically with increasing x. In the Pb1−xSrxTe system, a combination of x-ray diffraction, energy band gap and other data clearly demonstrate that the solubility of BaTe in PbTe is limited to about 4%, possibly because of the relatively large difference in lattice constants between PbTe (6.460 Å) and BaTe (7.001 Å). These results imply that PbSrSeTe grown lattice matched to PbTe is a promising material system for long wavelength diode lasers and light emitting diodes.
Silencing MIG1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effects of antisense MIG1 expression and MIG1 gene disruption (1997)

Silencing of MIG1, a transcription factor imposing carbon catabolite repression on invertase, was attempted, either by disrupting the gene or by expressing antisense copies of the gene. The performance of the recombinant strains in bioreactor batch cultivations on sucrose, in the presence of glucose, was compared with that of the wild-type strain under the same conditions. In the delta migI strain, the rate of sucrose utilization was independent (10 mmol/g/h) of the glucose concentration. During the cultivations with the wild-type strain and the antisense strains, two distinct phases were observed. The rates of sucrose hydrolysis were < 1 mmol/g/h and 9 to 10 mmol/g/h in the first and second phases, respectively. Entry into the second cultivation phase was characterized by a decline in glucose concentration below 12 mmol/liter. As expected, disruption of MIG1 resulted in a relief of glucose repression. However, silencing of MIG1 expression was not achieved by expressing antisense MIG1, even though antisense MIG1 RNA was sufficiently stable to be detected. In the wild-type and delta migI strains, the specific growth rate was 0.32 to 0.33 h-1, whereas it was lower in the antisense strains, 0.25 to 0.30 h-1.
Silicon nanocrystal production through non-thermal plasma synthesis: a comparative study between silicon tetrachloride and silane precursors (2012)

Silicon nanocrystals with sizes between 5 and 10 nm have been produced in a non-thermal plasma reactor using silicon tetrachloride as precursor. We demonstrate that high-quality material can be produced with this method and that production rates as high as 140 mg h(-1) can be obtained, with a maximum precursor utilization rate of roughly 50%. Compared to the case in which particles are produced using silane as the main precursor, the gas composition needs to be modified and hydrogen needs to be added to the mixture to enable the nucleation and growth of the powder. The presence of chlorine in the system leads to the production of nanoparticles with a chlorine terminated surface which is significantly less robust against oxidation in air compared to the case of a hydrogen terminated surface. We also observe that significantly higher power input is needed to guarantee the formation of crystalline particles, which is a consequence not only of the different gas-phase composition, but also of the influence of chlorine on the stability of the crystalline structure.
Labeled Antibodies with an e-Lysyl-3- (Trimethylstannyl)Benzamide Immunoconjugate (2008)

211At-labeled tumor-specific antibodies have long been considered for the treatment of disseminated cancer. However, the limited availability of the nuclide and the poor efficacy of labeling procedures at clinical activity levels present major obstacles to their use. This study evaluated a procedure for the direct astatination of antibodies for the production of clinical activity levels. Methods: The monoclonal antibody trastuzumab was conjugated with the reagent N-succinimidyl-3-(trimethylstannyl)benzoate, and the immunoconjugate was labeled with astatine. Before astatination of the conjugated antibody, the nuclide was activated with N-iodosuccinimide. The labeling reaction was evaluated in terms of reaction time, volume of reaction solvent, immunoconjugate concentration, and applied activity. The quality of the astatinated antibodies was determined by in vitro analysis and biodistribution studies in nude mice. Results: The reaction proceeded almost instantaneously, and the results indicated a low dependence on immunoconjugate concentration and applied activity. Radiochemical labeling yields were in the range of 68%281%, and a specific radioactivity of up to 1 GBq/mg could be achieved. Stability and radiochemical purity were equal to or better than those attained with a conventional 2-step procedure. Dissociation constants for directly astatinated, conventionally astatinated, and radioiodinated trastuzumab were 1.0 6 0.06 (mean 6 SD), 0.44 6 0.06, and 0.29 6 0.02 nM, respectively. The tissue distribution in non‐tumor-bearing nude mice revealed only minor differences in organ uptake relative to that obtained with the conventional method. Conclusion: The direct astatination procedure enables the high-yield production of astatinated antibodies with radioactivity in the amounts re
Development of a PET/OMRI combined system for simultaneous imaging of positron and free radical probes for small animals (2016)

The authors developed a PET/OMRI combined system with the potential to provide interesting new results in molecular imaging research, such as in vivo molecular and free radical distributions.
NF-κB1 (p50) Is Upregulated in Lipopolysaccharide Tolerance and Can Block Tumor Necrosis Factor Gene Expression (1999)

Monocytes respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation with a rapid expression of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene. Upon repeated LPS stimulation there is, however, little production of TNF mRNA and protein; i.e., the cells are tolerant to LPS. Analysis of NF-kappaB proteins in gel shift assays demonstrated that the DNA binding activity that is induced by LPS stimulation in tolerant cells consists mainly of p50-p50 homodimers. Since p50 can bind to DNA but lacks a transactivation domain, this may explain the blockade of TNF gene expression. We now show that in the monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6, this inability to respond can be largely ascribed to NF-kappaB, since a reporter construct directed by a trimeric NF-kappaB motif is strongly transactivated by LPS stimulation of naive cells whereas LPS-tolerant cells exhibit only low activity. Also, Western blot analyses of proteins extracted from purified nuclei showed mobilization of threefold-higher levels of p50 protein in tolerant compared to naive cells, while mobilization of p65 was unaltered. Overexpression of p50 in HEK 293 cells resulted in a strong reduction of p65-driven TNF promoter activity at the levels of both luciferase mRNA and protein. These data support the concept that an upregulation of p50 is instrumental in LPS tolerance in human monocytes.
Phosphorus-31 NMR studies on molybdic and tungstic heteropolyanions. Correlation between structure and chemical shift (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus-31 NMR studies on molybdic and tungstic heteropolyanions. Correlation between structure and chemical shiftRene Massart, Roland Contant, Jean Marc Fruchart, Jean Pierre Ciabrini, and Michel FournierCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 11, 2916–2921Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50177a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50177a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3261Altmetric-Citations311LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A rule based system for the detection of metabolic diseases. (1995)

In this paper, we will present the first model which supports the automatic detection of metabolic defects. Our model is based on the theory of formal languages and on the knowledge of metabolic networks. The simulation program is the first interactive simulation shell which allows the analysis and synthesis of metabolic networks. Moreover, this formalization is a new concept in the research field of metabolic engineering [8] which allows us to produce a hypothesis for the metabolic therapy.
Lactoferrin: a general review. (1995)

Lactoferrin is a 703-amino acid glycoprotein originally isolated from milk. Plasma lactoferrin is predominantly neutrophil derived but indications are that it may also be produced by other cells. Lactoferrin in body fluids is found in the iron-free form, the monoferric form and in the diferric form. Three isoforms of lactoferrin have been isolated, ie two with RNase activity (lactoferrin-beta and lactoferrin-gamma) and one without RNase activity (lactoferrin-alpha). Receptors for lactoferrin can be found on intestinal tissue, monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, and on certain bacteria. A wide spectrum of functions are ascribed to lactoferrin. These range from a role in the control of iron availability to immune modulation. More research is necessary however to obtain clarity with regard to the exact mechanism of action of lactoferrin.
CO2-selective methanol steam reforming on In-doped Pd studied by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2012)

In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (in situ XPS) was used to study the structural and catalytic properties of Pd-In near-surface intermetallic phases in correlation with previously studied PdZn and PdGa.Room temperature deposition of ∼4 monolayer equivalents (MLEs) of In metal on Pd foil and subsequent annealing to 453 K in vacuum yields a ∼1:1 Pd/In near-surface multilayer intermetallic phase. This Pd(1)In(1) phase exhibits a similar "Cu-like" electronic structure and indium depth distribution as its methanol steam reforming (MSR)-selective multilayer Pd(1)Zn(1) counterpart.Catalytic characterization of the multilayer Pd(1)In(1) phase in MSR yielded a CO(2)-selectivity of almost 100% between 493 and 550 K. In contrast to previously studied In(2)O(3)-supported PdIn nanoparticles and pure In(2)O(3), intermediate formaldehyde is only partially converted to CO(2) using this Pd(1)In(1) phase. Strongly correlated with PdZn, on an In-diluted PdIn intermetallic phase with "Pd-like" electronic structure, prepared by thermal annealing at 623 K, methanol steam reforming is suppressed and enhanced CO formation via full methanol dehydrogenation is observed.To achieve CO(2)-TOF values on the isolated Pd(1)In(1) intermetallic phase as high as on supported PdIn/In(2)O(3), at least 593 K reaction temperature is required. A bimetal-oxide synergism, with both bimetallic and oxide synergistically contributing to the observed catalytic activity and selectivity, manifests itself by accelerated formaldehyde-to-CO(2) conversion at markedly lowered temperatures as compared to separate oxide and bimetal. Combination of suppression of full methanol dehydrogenation to CO on Pd(1)In(1) inhibited inverse water-gas-shift reaction on In(2)O(3) and fast water activation/conversion of formaldehyde is the key to the low-temperature activity and high CO(2)-selectivity of the supported catalyst.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY OF TIME COURSE OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN RESPONSE TO ANTI-ANGIOGENIC TREATMENT (2015)

Frequent OCT angiography reveals a previously unknown pattern of rapid shutdown and reappearance of CNV channels within treatment cycles. OCT angiographic changes precede fluid reaccumulation and could be useful as leading indicators of CNV activity that could guide treatment timing. Further studies using OCT angiography in short intervals between antiangiogenic treatments are needed.
Epidemiology of skin diseases in people of color. (2003)

The epidemiology of skin diseases in people of color has not been extensively studied. Many skin diseases (eg, acne vulgaris; eczematous dermatitis; infections caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses) are common to most people of color--blacks, Asians, Hispanics/Latinos, and Native Americans. Diseases of more cosmetic concern (eg, melasma, postinflammatory pigmentation, acne keloidalis nuchae, scalp and facial folliculitis, keloids, alopecias) occur more in skin of color than in white skin.
Review on production of mussel seed (1980)

﻿Production of mussel seed requires priority attention for the expansion of mussel culture as an industry in India. Procurement \t \nof adequate seed from the wild beds even for the current experimental programmes is faced with problems. Two lines of approach \t \nhave been suggested for enhancing seed production. \t \nThe first approach is to harness the production of seed in nature through three ways, namely exploitation of the mussel seed \t \nsettling on the stone embankments and groynes laid as an anti-sea erosion measure, enhancement of spat fall on artificially laid col\t \nlectors in the farms ; and selecting areas where the current system and other environmental factors are conducive for larval \t \ntransport and settlement of the pediveliger stage in the sites where breeding reserves of adult mussel are provided. \t \nThe second approach is through hatchery system. Although mussel hatcheries do not exist in Europe where world mussel \t \nproduction is concentrated in view of plentiful supply of natural seed, it is imperative for India to develop the hatchery technology \t \nas the natural seed availability is severely limited. \t \nWhile discussing the above aspects of seed production, the paper reviews the larval history of mussel and the technologies \t \navailable for induced spawning and larval rearing, with particular reference to larval food and diseases.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Analysis of Barium Titanyl Oxalate Tetrahydrate (1990)

Abstract Barium titanyl oxalate tetrahydrate, Ba(TiO)(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O, has been investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction. Precise powder diffraction data were obtained by a conventional diffractometer with strictly monochromatic radiation. Unit cell dimensions were determined by an indexing program based on the variation of parameters by successive dichotomies. A monoclinic cell was found, a=14.044(2)Å, b=13.812(2)Å, c=13.382(2)Å, β =91.48(1); V=2594.9Å 3 , which is characterized by the figures of merit M 20 =46.5 and F 30 =107(0.0056, 50). The complete powder pattern was reviewed by means of the program NBS*AIDS83 and the 81 first lines were indexed. Structural imperfections were not detected from the diffraction line widths, which are comparable to the instrumental resolution.
Preparation of thermoset composites from natural fibres and acrylate modified soybean oil resins (2009)

Abstract Structural composites with a high content of renewable material were produced from natural fibres and an acrylated epoxidized soybean oil resin. Composites were prepared by spray impregnation followed by compression moulding at elevated temperature. The resulting composites had good mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength and flexural strength. Tensile testing as well as dynamical mechanical thermal analysis showed that increasing the fibre content, increased the mechanical properties. The resin can be reinforced with up to 70 wt % fibre without sacrifice in processability. The tensile modulus ranged between 5.8 and 9.7 GPa depending on the type of fibre mat. The study of the adhesion by low vacuum scanning electron microscopy shows that the fibres are well impregnated in the matrix. The aging properties were finally evaluated. This study shows that composites with a very high content of renewable constituents can be produced from soy bean oil resins and natural fibres. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A Supra-Classifier Architecture for Scalable Knowledge Reuse (1998)

When faced with inadequate information, humans often use knowledge gained from previous experience to help them in making decisions. Even when this knowledge is spread thinly among many previous experiences, humans are able to effectively accumulate and apply it to a current classification task of interest. Inspired by human knowledge reuse, we have previously introduced a general framework for the use of knowledge embodied in existing classifiers to aid in a new classification task. In this framework, a supraclassifier is built to make decisions based on the outputs of large numbers of previously trained classifiers designed for different, but possibly relevant tasks. In this article, we discuss the Hamming Nearest Neighbor (HNN) supraclassifier architecture and mathematically show its usefulness. Experiments on public domain data sets demonstrate the practicality of the framework and HNN supraclassifier when faced with very few training examples. Keywor...