gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Evaluation of the Photoinduced Hydrophilic Conversion Properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> Thin Film Surfaces by the Reciprocal of Contact Angle (2003)

Kinetics on the photoinduced hydrophilic conversion processes of the TiO2 surface was investigated. First, we show that there exist linear relationships between the reciprocal of the contact angle and the UV irradiation time and use the slope of this straight line as the hydrophilic conversion rate, which is independent of the initial value of the contact angle. Second, we examine the relationships between the reciprocal of the contact angle and the reconstruction of the surface hydroxyl groups and show that the reciprocal of the contact angle corresponds to the density of the surface hydroxyl groups reconstructed by UV irradiation. Finally, the dependence of the hydrophilic conversion on various parameters such as the incident UV intensity, the wavelength of irradiated light, and the concentration of the hole scavenger are quantitatively investigated with the proposed hydrophilic conversion rate. These results show that the photoinduced hydrophilic conversion proceeds competitively with the photocatalytic oxidation process on the TiO2 surface under UV irradiation. The comparison of the hydrophilic conversion rate with the rate for the reverse process clarifies that the critical contact angle is obtained when the reconstruction of the surface hydroxyl groups and their relaxation process are equilibrated under UV irradiation.
Preservation of Correctness During System Reconfiguration in Data Distribution Service for Real-Time Systems (DDS) (2006)

This paper addresses dynamic reconfiguration of distributed systems that use a publish/subscribe (pub/sub) middleware. The objective of dynamic reconfiguration is to evolve incrementally from one system configuration to another at run-time in order to e.g., ensure the reliability of the system. The correctness notion of a distributed system is introduced that assures that the system parts that interact with entities under reconfiguration do not fail because of reconfiguration. We analyse the OMG specification of pub/sub systems - DDS (Data Distribution Service for Real-Time Systems) with respect to its support for the correctness preservation during reconfiguration. We notice that the DDS specification defines such an architecture and behaviour of the pub/sub system that automatically preserves correctness. This differentiates the DDS from other middleware technologies that require that the correctness preservation is guaranteed on application level or by reconfiguration manager/controller. We give several examples of automatic correctness preservation supported by the DDS.
Role of neutral base recombination in high gain AlGaAs/GaAs HBT's (1999)

Neutral base recombination is a limiting factor controlling the maximum gain of AlGaAs/GaAs HBT's with base sheet resistances between 100 and 350 /spl Omega///spl square/. In this work, we investigate five series of AlGaAs/GaAs HBT growths in which the base thickness was varied between 500 and 1600 /spl Aring/ and the base doping level between 2.9/spl times/ and 4.7/spl times/10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/. The dc current gain of large area devices (L=75 /spl mu/m/spl times/75 /spl mu/m) varies by as much as a factor of two at high injection levels for a fixed base sheet resistance, depending on the growth optimization. One of these series (Series TA) has the highest current gains ever reported in this base sheet resistance range, with dc current gains over 225 (@ 200 A/cm/sup 2/) at a base sheet resistance of 330 /spl Omega///spl square/. A high dc current gain of 220 (@ 10 kA/cm/sup 2/) was also confirmed in small area devices (L=8 /spl mu/m/spl times/8 /spl mu/m). High-frequency tests on a separate set of wafers grown under the same conditions indicate these high current gains can be achieved without compromising the RF characteristics: Both high and normal gain devices exhibit an f/sub t//spl sim/68 GHz and f/sub max//spl sim/100 GHz. By fitting the base current as a sum of two components, one due to recombination in the neutral base and the other in the space charge region, we conclude that an improvement in the minority carrier lifetime is responsible for the observed increase in dc current gain. Moreover, we observe a thickness-dependent variation in the effective minority carrier lifetime as the gains increase, along with a nonlinear dependence of current gain on base doping. Both phenomena are discussed in terms of an increase in Auger and radiative recombination relative to Hall-Shockley-Read recombination in optimized samples.
Stabilised FET oscillator with input dielectric resonator: large signal design (1981)

A simple method for stabilising the FET oscillator with a dielectric resonator at the input circuit is discussed. Large signal conditions and output power analysis are presented. As a practical result, an X-band medium power oscillator is obtained.
B.R.G.M. Carte géologique de la France au 1/50 000eme : Feuilles de Reims, Meringues et Brignoles. (1983)

Lacotte R. B.R.G.M. Carte géologique de la France au 1/50 000eme : Feuilles de Reims, Meringues et Brignoles. . In: Norois, n°117, Janvier-Mars 1983. p. 166.
Networking of near Infrared Spectroscopy Instruments for Rapeseed Analysis: A Comparison of Different Procedures (2000)

A comparison of several procedures to establish a network of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy instruments for analytical applications with rapeseed [moisture, protein, oil, glucosinolates (GSL), oleic acid (C18:1)] is presented. The procedures are (a) calibration transfer with bias adjustment, (b) standardisation with different products and different number of samples, (c) calibration with spectra of different instruments and (d) the use of a repeatability file for minimising instrument differences. The most successful procedure proved to be the use of a repeatability file of spectra of the network instruments after standardisation using rapeseed samples. Following this procedure the standard deviation of analyses in a network could be reduced by 50–66% compared to a direct calibration transfer. Calibrations for constituents with high absorptivity (e.g. moisture) could be transferred directly without a bias correction, while those for constituents with a low absorptivity (e.g. GSL) had to be transferred using a repeatability file and standardised instruments.
Air Pollution Control Training in Colleges and Universities in the United States (1971)

A nationwide survey of air pollution control training efforts in the United States at colleges and universities was ccrried out for the S-l 1 Education and Training Committee, Air Pollution Control Association. Information from 91 schools having four year or graduate programs and five community colleges was received.Questions include type of course work, backgrounds of participating faculty and students, and eventual placement. At the present time about 70% of those in training are graduate students. It was found that most students taking initial employment in air pollution control activities had the M.S. degree. Recommendations for updating this information are made.
Unusually abrupt switching in submicrometer thin-film transistors using a polysilicon film with enhanced grain size (1990)

Unusually abrupt drain current change observed in polysilicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a channel length and width of 1 mu m or smaller is discussed. The polysilicon used to fabricate the devices was deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) and the grain size of the film was enhanced by silicon ion implantation followed by a low-temperature anneal. The TFTs exhibited an abrupt drain current change of more than five orders of magnitude for a corresponding gate voltage change of less than 40 mV. A self-limiting positive feedback loop due to impact ionization currents and/or a parasitic bipolar effect are suggested as possible explanations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DREADD Agonist 21 Is an Effective Agonist for Muscarinic-Based DREADDs<i>in Vitro</i>and<i>in Vivo</i> (2018)

Chemogenetic tools such as designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are routinely used to modulate neuronal and non-neuronal signaling and activity in a relatively noninvasive manner. The first generation of DREADDs were templated from the human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family and are relatively insensitive to the endogenous agonist acetylcholine but instead are activated by clozapine-<i>N</i>-oxide (CNO). Despite the undisputed success of CNO as an activator of muscarinic DREADDs, it has been known for some time that CNO is subject to a low rate of metabolic conversion to clozapine, raising the need for alternative chemical actuators of muscarinic-based DREADDs. Here we show that DREADD agonist 21 (C21) (11-(1-piperazinyl)-5<i>H</i>-dibenzo[<i>b</i>,<i>e</i>][1,4]diazepine) is a potent and selective agonist at both excitatory (hM3Dq) and inhibitory (hM4Di) DREADDs and has excellent bioavailability, pharmacokinetic properties, and brain penetrability. We also show that C21-induced activation of hM3Dq and hM4Di <i>in vivo</i> can modulate bidirectional feeding in defined circuits in mice. These results indicate that C21 represents an alternative to CNO for <i>in vivo</i> studies where metabolic conversion of CNO to clozapine is a concern.
Effects of Volute Design and Number of Impeller Blades on Lateral Impeller Forces and Hydraulic Performance (2003)

A comparison is made between the characteristics of the measured lateral impeller forces and the hydraulic performances of a four‐ and a five‐vane impeller, each operating in a spiral volute, a concentric volute, and a double volute. The pump′s rotor was supported in magnetic bearings. In addition to supporting and controlling the rotor motion, the magnetic bearings also served as active load cells and were used to measure the impeller forces acting on the pump′s rotor. The lateral impeller force characteristics, as a function of a normalized flow coefficient, were virtually identical in the four‐ and five‐vane impellers in each respective volute type. The measured impeller forces for each volute type were compared with correlations in the literature. The measured forces from the double volute configurations agreed with the forces from a correlation model over the full flow range. Single volute configurations compared well with the predictions of a published correlation at high flow rates, ϕ / ϕ n > 0.5. Concentric volute configurations compared well with a published correlation at low flow rates, ϕ / ϕ n < 0.4. The head‐versus‐flow characteristics of the four‐vane impeller in each volute type were stable over a greater flow range than the corresponding characteristics of the five‐vane impeller. At higher flow rates in the stable region of the head′s characteristic curves near the best efficiency point, the five‐vane impeller produced higher head than did the four‐vane impeller in each volute type.
Pressure Transient Behavior of a Finite-Conductivity Fractured Well with Spatially Varying Fracture Properties (1992)

Abstract The pressure transient behavior of a finite-conductivity vertically fractured weil is important in reservoir engineering because it provides valuable information concerning the well completion, and provides estimates of the in-situ reservoir properties and the propped fracture dimensions and conductivity. The pressure transient behavior of finite-conductivity fractured wells has typically been analyzed using mathematical models that assume relatively simple fracture properties. Most of these models assume uniform fracture height, width, and proppant permeability distributions with respect to space, and many of these models also assume that fracture storage effects are negligible. This paper presents the pressure transient solution of a well intersected by a finite-conductivity vertical fracture with a lengthwise variation in the fracture geometric and material properties. The general solution of the fracture fluid-flow problem, and an approximate solution of the problem in which the effect of fracture storage has been assumed to be negligible, are presented. Comparisons of the pressure transient behavior predicted with the two finite-conductivity fracture solutions are given. The effects of spatially varying fracture height, width, and material properties are investigated with these pressure transient solutions. The new solutions provide more realistic pressure transient analysis models which may be used to better design, implement, and evaluate hydraulic fracture treatments. They will also provide better agreement between the prediction of the fracture geometry and its post-treatment evaluation.
An new method used in HMM for modeling frame correlation (1999)

We present a novel method to incorporate temporal correlation into a speech recognition system based on conventional hidden Markov model (HMM). In this new model the probability of the current observation not only depends on the current state but also depends on the previous state and the previous observation. The joint conditional probability density (PD) is approximated by a non-linear estimation method. As a result, we can still use the mixture Gaussian density to represent the joint conditional PD for the principle of any PD can be approximated by the mixture Gaussian density. The HMM incorporated temporal correlation by the non-linear estimation method, which we called FC HMM does not need any additional parameters and it only brings a little additional computing quantity. The results of the experiment show that the top 1 recognition rate of FC HMM has been raised by 6 percent compared to the conventional HMM method.
Influence of metallurgy on the protective mechanism of chromium‐based conversion coatings on aluminum–copper alloys (1994)

Abstract Several important aspects relating to the mechanism of formation of protective Cr‐based oxide films on aluminum alloy 2024‐T3 generated from CrO 3 + NaF‐containing solutions were observed with electrochemical, AES and XPS measurements. Although the film deposition rate and surface composition were very much influenced by the presence of both Fe‐ and Cu‐containing intermetallic phases, a uniform composition and thickness was eventually reached with increased coating time. This behavior is believed to be responsible for obtaining corrosion‐resistant films on such heterogeneous surfaces. Surface Cr was consistently found to be in both the 3+ and 6+ oxidation states in an approximately 40:60 ration, respectively, if x‐ray beam reduction of Cr(VI) was accounted for. The enriched Cu layer found on the surface of polished 2024‐T3 was found to remain intact during CrO film formation. The presence of Cr(VI) provides a ‘self‐healing’ aspect to the film's protective mechanism by remaining available for reduction to Cr(III) during oxidative attack. Addition of potassium ferro‐ or ferricyanide to the bath resulted in a film which obtained Fe, C and N enriched at the surface on both the matrix and intermetallic regions. These constituents were found, however, to be enriched and distributed throughout the entire depth of the film on the high Cu‐bearing intermetallic regions, suggesting that the formation of a Cu–ferrocyanide complex is responsible for the benefit derived from these compounds.
On the amination of halonitropyridines (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the amination of halonitropyridinesDick A. De Bie, Bart Geurtsen, and Henk C. Van der PlasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 4, 484–487Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00204a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00204a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views648Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Verwaltung spatio-temporaler Audiodaten für die Wellenfeldsynthese. (2005)

S.444-453
Synthesis and Characterization of Luminescent Square-Planar Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Dithiolate or Dithiocarbamate Ligands (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of Luminescent Square-Planar Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Dithiolate or Dithiocarbamate LigandsJoanne M. Bevilacqua and Richard EisenbergCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 13, 2913–2923Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00091a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00091a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views697Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Experiments and observations regarding the mechanisms of glass removal in magnetorheological finishing (2001)

Recent advances in the study of the magnetorheological finishing (MRF) have allowed for the characterization of the dynamic yield stress of the magnetorheological (MR) fluid, as well as the nanohardness (H(nano)) of the carbonyl iron (CI) used in MRF. Knowledge of these properties has allowed for a more complete study of the mechanisms of material removal in MRF. Material removal experiments show that the nanohardness of CI is important in MRF with nonaqueous MR fluids with no nonmagnetic abrasives, but is relatively unimportant in aqueous MR fluids or when nonmagnetic abrasives are present. The hydrated layer created by the chemical effects of water is shown to change the way material is removed by hard CI as the MR fluid transitions from a nonaqueous MR fluid to an aqueous MR fluid. Drag force measurements and atomic force microscope scans demonstrate that, when added to a MR fluid, nonmagnetic abrasives (cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, and diamond) are driven toward the workpiece surface because of the gradient in the magnetic field and hence become responsible for material removal. Removal rates increase with the addition of these polishing abrasives. The relative increase depends on the amount and type of abrasive used.
A VCO-based analog-to-digital converter with second-order Sigma-Delta noise shaping (2009)

A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) utilizing Sigma-Delta (Σ-Δ) techniques for second order quantization noise shaping is presented. A custom IC prototype of this highly digital architecture achieves 60-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over a 1-MHz bandwidth with 800-MHz sampling rate. It was fabricated in a 0.18-µm 1-poly 5-metal CMOS technology.
Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping, and sequence analysis of copper resistance genes from Xanthomonas campestris pv. juglandis: homology with small blue copper proteins and multicopper oxidase (1994)

Copper-resistant strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. juglandis occur in walnut orchards throughout northern California. The copper resistance genes from a copper-resistant strain C5 of X. campestris pv. juglandis were cloned and located on a 4.9-kb ClaI fragment, which hybridized only to DNA of copper-resistant strains of X. campestris pv. juglandis, and was part of an approximately 20-kb region which was conserved among such strains of X. campestris pv. juglandis. Hybridization analysis indicated that the copper resistance genes were located on the chromosome. Plasmids conferring copper resistance were not detected in copper-resistant strains, nor did mating with copper-sensitive strains result in copper-resistant transconjugants. Copper resistance genes from X. campestris pv. juglandis shared nucleotide sequence similarity with copper resistance genes from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, P. syringae, and X. campestris pv. vesicatoria. DNA sequence analysis of the 4.9-kb fragment from strain C5 revealed that the sequence had an overall G+C content of 58.7%, and four open reading frames (ORF1 to ORF4), oriented in the same direction. All four ORFs were required for full expression of copper resistance, on the basis of Tn3-spice insertional inactivation and deletion analysis. The predicted amino acid sequences of ORF1 to ORF4 showed 65, 45, 47, and 40% identity with CopA, CopB, CopC, and CopD, respectively, from P. syringae pv. tomato. The most conserved regions are ORF1 and CopA and the C-terminal region (166 amino acids from the C terminus) of ORF2 and CopB. The hydrophobicity profiles of each pair of predicted polypeptides are similar except for the N terminus of ORF2 and CopB. Four histidine-rich polypeptide regions in ORF1 and CopA strongly resembled the copper-binding motifs of small blue copper proteins and multicopper oxidases, such as fungal laccases, plant ascorbate oxidase, and human ceruloplasmin. Putative copper ligands of the ORF1 polypeptide product are proposed, indicating that the polypeptide of ORF1 might bind four copper ions: one type 1, one type 2, and two type 3.