gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser reconditioning of crankshafts: From lab to application (2010)

In marine diesel engines, damaged crankshafts are common and expensive defects. Worn surfaces of main bearings and crankpin journals often require a complete replacement of these components. This paper presents the development of a repair procedure on its way to application. As an alternative to the method of grinding the accordant surfaces and using matched bearing shells, a rebuild to the original diameter is the goal of this investigation. This paper describes the development of a controlled diode laser cladding process in the lab and the characterization of flat specimens particularly by metallographic analysis and hardness testing. In preparation of the industrial application, previously ground crankpin journals of crankshafts could successfully be cladded with identical parameters as found on flat specimens in the lab. The claddings show a high quality in terms of connection to the base material and dilution. In hardness tests steep gradients from heat affected zone to unaffected base material could be measured.
Efficacy of certolizumab pegol on signs and symptoms of axial spondyloarthritis including ankylosing spondylitis: 24-week results of a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled Phase 3 study (2013)

CZP rapidly reduced the signs and symptoms of axSpA, with no new safety signals observed compared to the safety profile of CZP in RA. Similar improvements were observed across CZP dosing regimens, and in AS and nr-axSpA patients.
A fast, parallel acquisition, electron energy analyzer: The hyperbolic field analyzer (1999)

This article describes a new kind of electrostatic charged particle analyzer capable of the parallel detection of a large kinetic energy range. The main purpose envisaged is for the simultaneous detection of electrons scattered from surfaces and having energies between a few tens of eV to greater than 2000 eV. A prototype has been constructed that approximates a hyperbolic deflection field for the electrons entering an entrance slit. It exhibits an energy resolution of a few eV and a collection efficiency of 0.05% of 2π sr. Useful Auger spectra can be acquired in a time of less than 2 s. The significant improvement in spectrum acquisition time that this represents offers many possibilities to further Auger and photoelectron spectroscopy.
LUMPED PARAMETER MODELS OF CARDIOVASCULAR CIRCULATION IN NORMAL AND ARRHYTHMIA CASES (2006)

A new mathematical model of pumping heart coupled to lumped compartments of blood circulation is presented. This lumped pulsatile cardiovascular model consists of eight compartments of the body that include pumping heart, the systemic circulation, and the pulmonary circulation. The governing equations for the pressure and volume in each vascular compartment are derived from the following equations: Ohm's law, conservation of volume, and the definition of compliances. The pumping heart is modeled by the time-dependent linear curves of compliances in the heart. We show that the numerical results in normal case are in agreement with corresponding data found in the literature. We extend the developed lumped model of circulation in normal case into a specific model for arrhythmia. These models provide valuable tools in examining and understanding cardiovascular diseases.
Answering General Time-Sensitive Queries (2010)

Time is an important dimension of relevance for a large number of searches, such as over blogs and news archives. So far, research on searching over such collections has largely focused on locating topically similar documents for a query. Unfortunately, topic similarity alone is not always sufficient for document ranking. In this paper, we observe that, for an important class of queries that we call time-sensitive queries, the publication time of the documents in a news archive is important and should be considered in conjunction with the topic similarity to derive the final document ranking. Earlier work has focused on improving retrieval for “recency” queries that target recent documents. We propose a more general framework for handling time-sensitive queries and we automatically identify the important time intervals that are likely to be of interest for a query. Then, we build scoring techniques that seamlessly integrate the temporal aspect into the overall ranking mechanism. We present an extensive experimental evaluation using a variety of news article data sets, including TREC data as well as real web data analyzed using the Amazon Mechanical Turk. We examine several techniques for detecting the important time intervals for a query over a news archive and for incorporating this information in the retrieval process. We show that our techniques are robust and significantly improve result quality for time-sensitive queries compared to state-of-the-art retrieval techniques.
Mitochondrial respiratory control. Evidence against the regulation of respiration by extramitochondrial phosphorylation potentials or by [ATP]/[ADP] ratios. (1982)

To explore how mitochondria can respire at high physiological, extramitochondrial phosphorylation potentials, two series of experiments were conducted. In the first, intact rat liver mitochondria were incubated in oxygraph medium containing 5 mM succinate (+rotenone), 1.0 mM ATP, 20 mM glucose, pH 7.2, at 37 degrees C. Yeast hexokinase (0.02 to 1.0 IU) was added to establish steady state rates of respiration. Samples were removed, assayed for ATP, ADP, and Pi content, and ratios were calculated. As previously reported, low rates of respiration were observed at high phosphorylation potential ([ATP]/[ADP] x [Pi]) or [ATP]/[ADP] ratio values, and the rates of respiration increased as these values declined. In a second series of experiments, only sufficient hexokinase was added to potentially stimulate respiration to 90% of the ADP State 3 rate. At constant hexokinase, 0.35 IU, ATP (5 microM to 10.0 mM) was titrated into the medium to establish steady state rates of oxygen consumption. Under these conditions, low rates of respiration correlated with low [ATP]/[ADP] ratios and extramitochondrial phosphorylation potentials, while maximum rates of respiration were observed at high values of these ratios, the opposite of the previous experimental case. Therefore, it may be concluded that these extramitochondrial parameters per se exert little or no regulatory influence on the rates of respiration, and thus matrix ATP synthesis. In both cases, the concentrations of ADP correlated with respiratory rates. Double reciprocal plots were used to estimate the apparent KmADP for respiratory stimulation. The values are 56 microM for constant [ATP] and 15 microM at constant hexokinase. The value calculated from direct ADP pulses was 25 microM. Together, these results suggest that the most plausible explanation of respiratory control is the availability of ADP and the kinetics of its transport by the adenine nucleotide translocase, a hypothesis first proposed by Chance and Williams more than 25 years ago (Chance, B., and Williams, G. R. (1955) J. Biol. Chem. 217, 385-393).
Co-loading of a Photostabilizer with the Sunscreen Agent, Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane in Solid Lipid Microparticles (2008)

The sunscreen agent, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM), one of the most widely used UV-A filter, undergoes decomposition under sunlight exposure, which is a limiting factor on its overall performance. To reduce the sunscreen photodegradation, this study investigates the incorporation into solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) of BMDBM together with the photostabilizer, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (MBC). The microparticles were produced by the melt dispersion technique using various lipid materials (tristearin, glyceryl behenate, and stearic acid) and hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine as the surfactant. The highest retention capacity for BMDBM and MBC was achieved with tristearin microparticles. These SLMs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction analyses. The BMDBM and MBC loading was 10.4 and 10.1%, respectively. The efficacy of the SLMs was evaluated after their introduction in a conventional cream (oil-in-water emulsion). The light-induced decomposition of BMDBM was decreased by encapsulation into the SLMs (the extent of degradation was 33.8 +/- 5.5% for unencapsulated BMDBM/MBC and 25.3 +/- 4.2% for BMDBM-loaded microparticles in conjunction with free MBC). Moreover, the co-loading of the MBC stabilizer in the SLMs produced a further reduction of the photodegradation of the UV-A filter (the BMDBM loss was 16.9 +/- 5.9%) compared with the microparticles containing BMDBM without MBC. Therefore, incorporation in lipid microparticles of BMDBM together with the MBC photostabilizer is more effective in enhancing the UV-A filter photostability than the SLMs loaded with BMDBM alone.
Stability of rocksalt polar surfaces:  An<i>ab initio</i>study of MgO(111) and NiO(111) (2003)

The structures of the (100) and the polar (111) surfaces of the rocksalt materials MgO and NiO have been studied using ab initio all electron total energy calculations, employing local basis sets, and a hybrid density functional (B3LYP). Various schemes for the stabilization of the polar surface have been examined, and we find that the hydroxylated (111) surfaces are more stable than the clean (100) surfaces. The computed energies suggest that the clean (111) surface of MgO is unstable with respect to faceting into (100) microfacets, while for the NiO(111) surface the octopolar reconstruction is favored. This distinction is due to the relatively high surface energy of the (100) surface of NiO.
Membrane mechanics govern spatiotemporal heterogeneity of endocytic clathrin coat dynamics (2017)

Dynamics of endocytic clathrin-coated structures can be remarkably divergent across different cell types, cells within the same culture, or even distinct surfaces of the same cell. The origin of this astounding heterogeneity remains to be elucidated. Here we show that cellular processes associated with changes in effective plasma membrane tension induce significant spatiotemporal alterations in endocytic clathrin coat dynamics. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of clathrin coat dynamics is also observed during morphological changes taking place within developing multicellular organisms. These findings suggest that tension gradients can lead to patterning and differentiation of tissues through mechanoregulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Platinum-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Olefins with Secondary Alkylamines (2005)

Reaction of benzyl-2,2-diphenyl-4-pentenylamine with a catalytic 1:2 mixture of [PtCl2(H2C=CH2)]2 (2.5 mol %) and PPh3 in dioxane at 120 degrees C for 16 h led to isolation of 1-benzyl-2-methyl-4,4-diphenylpyrrolidine in 75% yield. A number of gamma- and delta-amino olefins underwent intramolecular hydroamination to form the corresponding pyrrolidine derivatives in moderate to good yield. The reaction displayed excellent functional group compatibility and low moisture sensitivity.
In vivo synergism of roxithromycin (RU 965) and interferon against Toxoplasma gondii (1987)

We investigated the activity of roxithromycin (RU 965) and gamma interferon alone and in combination in a murine model of toxoplasmic encephalitis. Roxithromycin at a dosage of 35 or 50 mg per mouse per day decreased mortality. Gamma interferon alone significantly prolonged time to death. When combined, the two agents were remarkably synergistic.
Contribution of the Peroxisomal acox Gene to the Dynamic Balance of Daumone Production in Caenorhabditis elegans* (2010)

Dauer pheromones or daumones, which are signaling molecules that interrupt development and reproduction (dauer larvae) during unfavorable growth conditions, are essential for cellular homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans. According to earlier studies, dauer larva formation in strain N2 is enhanced by a temperature increase, suggesting the involvement of a temperature-dependent component in dauer pheromone biosynthesis or sensing. Several naturally occurring daumone analogs (e.g. daumones 1-3) have been identified, and these molecules are predicted to be synthesized in different physiological settings in this nematode. To elucidate the molecular regulatory system that may influence the dynamic balance of specific daumone production in response to sudden temperature changes, we characterized the peroxisomal acox gene encoding acyl-CoA oxidase, which is predicted to catalyze the first reaction during biosynthesis of the fatty acid component of daumones. Using acox-1(ok2257) mutants and a new, robust analytical method, we quantified the three most abundant daumones in worm bodies and showed that acox likely contributes to the dynamic production of various quantities of three different daumones in response to temperature increase, changes that are critical in C. elegans for coping with the natural environmental changes it faces.
Recent Patents on Aromatic Polyamides (2009)

Aromatic polyamides are high performance materials with superior thermal and mechanical properties which make them extremely useful for advanced technologies. These polymers can be transformed into high-tensile strength synthetic fibers and into flame and cut-resistant materials that have technological applications in the field of coatings and fillers in the aerospace and armaments industry, in asbestos substitutes, electrical insulation, bullet-proof body armor, industrial filters, and sports fabrics, among others. This article sets out to review the existing literature and recent patent claims that describe the design, the preparation and the applications of wholly aromatic polyamides, semiaromatic polyamides and poly(amide imide)s. Keywords: Aramids, aromatic polyamides, phthalamides, semiaromatic polyamides, poly(amide imide)s, high performance polymers, applications
Experimental strategies for microRNA target identification (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of eukaryotic gene expression in most biological processes. They act by guiding the RNAi-induced silencing complex (RISC) to partially complementary sequences in target mRNAs to suppress gene expression by a combination of translation inhibition and mRNA decay. The commonly accepted mechanism of miRNA targeting in animals involves an interaction between the 5'-end of the miRNA called the 'seed region' and the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the mRNA. Many target prediction algorithms are based around such a model, though increasing evidence demonstrates that targeting can also be mediated through sites other than the 3'-UTR and that seed region base pairing is not always required. The power and validity of such in silico data can be therefore hindered by the simplified rules used to represent targeting interactions. Experimentation is essential to identify genuine miRNA targets, however many experimental modalities exist and their limitations need to be understood. This review summarizes and critiques the existing experimental techniques for miRNA target identification.
Computational model of in vivo human energy metabolism during semistarvation and refeeding (2006)

Changes in body weight and composition are the result of complex interactions among metabolic fluxes contributing to macronutrient balances. To better understand these interactions, a mathematical model was constructed that used the measured dietary macronutrient intake during semistarvation and refeeding as model inputs and computed whole body energy expenditure, de novo lipogenesis, and gluconeogenesis as well as turnover and oxidation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Published in vivo human data provided the basis for the model components that were integrated by fitting a few unknown parameters to the classic Minnesota human starvation experiment. The model simulated the measured body weight and fat mass changes during semistarvation and refeeding and predicted the unmeasured metabolic fluxes underlying the body composition changes. The resting metabolic rate matched the experimental measurements and required a model of adaptive thermogenesis. Refeeding caused an elevation of de novo lipogenesis that, along with increased fat intake, resulted in a rapid repletion and overshoot of body fat. By continuing the computer simulation with the prestarvation diet and physical activity, the original body weight and composition were eventually restored, but body fat mass was predicted to take more than one additional year to return to within 5% of its original value. The model was validated by simulating a recently published short-term caloric restriction experiment without changing the model parameters. The predicted changes in body weight, fat mass, resting metabolic rate, and nitrogen balance matched the experimental measurements, thereby providing support for the validity of the model.
Studies on an electron-beam mask-defect inspection system (1981)

Present optical defect inspection systems cannot detect submicron defects in photomasks used for VLSI chip fabrication because of their poor resolution. The higher resolution and the fast accurate positioning abilities of an electron beam permit submicron defect inspection. This paper describes an experimental electron beam mask defect inspection system. A new blanking beam dc restoring method was developed to remove detected signal drift. Registration errors between measured pattern data and designed data are eliminated by a pseudo-defect removal algorithm newly introduced here. The signal-to-noise ratio must be larger than 10 to obtain practical reliability on inspection results. The system operates at a scanning speed of 1 μs/step and detects 0.5 μm defects using a 0.2 μm square picture element.
Rapid developments in rapid prototyping (1995)

Report from a recent conference held in Italy and organised by the Rapid Prototyping Research Group at the University of Nottingham. Papers were presented on a wide variety of subjects including stereolithography, selective laser sintering, laser forming, fused deposition modelling, three‐dimensional printing, CAD and data transfer and rapid tooling. Tooling was one of the key topics during the three‐day event.
Modeling of FPGA local/global interconnect resources and derivation of minimal test configurations (2003)

This paper addresses the issues of automating the derivation of test configurations (TCs) for both local and global interconnect of SRAM-based FPGAs. We model FPGA interconnect and their test requirements using adjacency graphs and obtain the minimal or near minimal TO by solving the graph coloring problem, using a modified greedy algorithm. We apply the proposed modeling and TC derivation method to the Xilinx XC4000 FPGA. A set of minimal TCs was derived automatically. The proposed method is applicable to FPGAs of various interconnect structures and sizes, and supports distinctive test logic.
Stability analysis of multi-parallel APF systems (2011)

In some practical situations multi APFs are located far from each other, paralleled through the long cables. In this system the stability of one APF is influenced by the other APF paralleled with it. In this paper stability of the multi-parallel APF system is analyzed. Moreover, the improvement methods for stability of the system are given.
Molecular Recognition in the Assembly of Collagens: Terminal Noncollagenous Domains Are Key Recognition Modules in the Formation of Triple Helical Protomers (2006)

The alpha-chains of the collagen superfamily are encoded with information that specifies self-assembly into fibrils, microfibrils, and networks that have diverse functions in the extracellular matrix. A key self-organizing step, common to all collagen types, is trimerization that selects, binds, and registers cognate alpha-chains for assembly of triple helical protomers that subsequently oligomerize into specific suprastructures. In this article, we review recent findings on the mechanism of chain selection and infer that terminal noncollagenous domains function as recognition modules in trimerization and are therefore key determinants of specificity in the assembly of suprastructures. This mechanism is also illustrated with computer-generated animations.
Using poly(vinyl alcohol) as a binder (1998)

PVA is a highly effective and versatile formulating tool because of its solution stability, its compatibility with many common formulation ingredients and its wide range of grades.
Semantically enriched web services for the travel industry (2004)

Today, the travel information services are dominantly provided by Global Distribution Systems (GDS). The Global Distribution Systems provide access to real time availability and price information for flights, hotels and car rental companies. However GDSs have legacy architectures with private networks, specialized hardware, limited speed and search capabilities. Furthermore, being legacy systems, it is very difficult to interoperate them with other systems and data sources. For these reasons, Web service technology is an ideal fit for travel information systems. However to be able to exploit Web services to their full potential, it is necessary to introduce semantics. Without describing the semantics of Web services we are looking for, it is difficult to find them in an automated way and if we cannot describe the service we have, the probability that people will find it in an automated way is low. Furthermore, to make the semantics machine processable and interoperable, we need to describe domain knowledge through standard ontology languages. In this paper, we describe how to deploy semantically enriched travel Web services and how to exploit semantics through Web service registries. We also address the need to use the semantics in discovering both Web services and Web service registries through peer-to-peer technology.
ChemInform Abstract: New Reduced Molybdenum Tellurides (Rb,Cs)<sub>n‐2</sub>Mo<sub>3n</sub>Te<sub>3n+2</sub> (n = 4, 5, 6, 8) Containing Condensed Mo<sub>3n</sub> Clusters. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Smart power-saving mode for IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs (2005)

Static PSM (power-saving mode) schemes employed in the current IEEE 802.11 implementations could not provide any delay-performance guarantee because of their fixed wakeup intervals. In this paper, we propose a smart PSM (SPSM) scheme, which directs a wireless station to sleep/wake up according to an "optimal" sequence, such that the desired delay performance is guaranteed with minimum energy consumption. Instead of constructing the sequence directly, SPSM takes a unique two-step approach. First, it translates an arbitrary user-desired delay performance into a generic penalty function. Second, it provides a generic algorithm that takes the penalty function as the input and produces the optimal station action sequence automatically. This way, the potentially-complicated energy-consumption-minimization problem subject to delay-performance constraints is simplified and solved systematically. Our simulation results show that, with a two-stair penalty function, SPSM achieves delay performance similar to the BSD (bounded slowdown) protocol under various scenarios, but always with less energy consumption, thanks to its capability to adapt to changes in the response-time distribution. Moreover, because of SPSM's two-step design feature, it is more flexible than BSD in the sense of being able to meet arbitrary user-desired delay requirement, e.g., providing soft delay-bound guarantees with power penalty functions.
β<sub>3</sub> Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphism and Obesity‐Related Phenotypes in Hypertensive Patients (2004)

The ADRB3 R64 allele was associated with increased body weight and BMI in men but not in women. The genetic association was not modified by triglyceride, cholesterol, blood glucose, or blood pressure levels of the subjects.