gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation in C20orf54, PLCE1 and MUC1 and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in Caucasian populations (2012)

Recently, two large genome-wide association studies, conducted in Chinese populations, have reported associations between upper gastrointestinal cancer and the rs2274223, rs13042395 and rs4072037 polymorphisms in PLCE1, C20orf54 and MUC1, respectively. We aimed to determine whether similar associations existed for Caucasian populations. We genotyped two population-based, case-control studies of upper gastrointestinal cancer; the first study included 290 gastric cancer (GC) cases and 376 controls and the second study included 306 GC cases, 107 oesophageal adenocarcinoma cancer cases, 52 oesphageal squamous cell cancer cases and 211 controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed from logistic models and adjusted for confounding variables. The rs4072037 polymorphism in MUC1 was associated with a reduced risk of GC of intestinal histological type (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.9) and a reduced risk of oesophageal squamous cell cancer (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.2-1.0), but not oesphageal adenocarcinoma. Similarly, rs2274223 in PLCE1 was associated with a reduced risk of oesophageal squamous cell cancer (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3-1.0), but not oesphageal adenocarcinoma. We observed no association between rs13042395 in Corf54 and the risk of gastric or oesphageal cancer in either of the two studies. Our findings for rs4072037 and the risk of GC are in agreement with one previous report for a Caucasian population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association between rs2274223 and rs4072037 and the risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Caucasian population.
Cytokines in Human Breast Milk: Immunological Significance for Newborns (2012)

Mother's milk represents a fundamental step in the proper development of newborn immunity. Development in research on human lactation has contributed to knowledge about the significance of breast milk for the infant and the effects of different immunological components. Breast milk contains immune modulating agents, especially cytokines and growth factors, which can act at the level of gastrointestinal mucosa. In this review, we present the involvement of cytokines as mediators of newborn immunity in human breast milk. We searched the electronic literature PubMed and Embase for all relevant articles, using “human breast milk”, “immunity” and “cytokines” words. The search was limited to English- language papers. Of the studies with the same or overlapping data published by the same investigators, we selected the most recent with the largest number of subjects. Several growth factors and cytokines are present in breast milk with capacity to persist in the infant gut and exert their activities. The mechanism by which the ingestion of human milk modifies immunologic defense against such pathogens remains elusive. There are many additional factors present in breast milk which have as yet unexplained functions and benefits to the infant. It is known that cytokines and their receptors are critical in the mucosal immunity in newborns. Hence, the promotion of breastfeeding is very important for at least the first six months of life of the neonate, during which the child does not have a developed immune system. Keywords: cytokines, human breast milk, mucosal immunity, newborn, breastfeeding, humoral immunity, colostrum, cellular immunity, inflammatory response, immunoglobulin
Increased oxidative stress in rats with chronic nitric oxide depletion:measurement of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine excretion (2000)

Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) has been reported to serve as a sensitive biomarker of oxidative stress. We examined the effect of chronic blockade of nitric oxide (NO) on urinary excretion of 8-OHdG in rats. Two types of NO synthase inhibitor were used: N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) as a non-selective inhibitor and aminoguanidine (AG) as a selective inhibitor of the inducible isoform. Oral administration of L-NAME (20, 50 and 80 mg/dl of drinking water), but not AG (400 mg/dl), for 4 weeks induced systemic hypertension and a significant reduction in urinary excretion of NO2-/NO3-. Rats treated with L-NAME also showed a significant increase in urinary 8-OHdG excretion compared with the control animals. The effects of L-NAME (50 mg/dl) on blood pressure and urinary excretion of NO2/NO3- and 8-OHdG were restored by a large dose of L-arginine (2.0 g/dl). Chronic AG administration did not significantly alter urinary 8-OHdG excretion. On combining all the data, there was a significant negative correlation between urinary NO2-/NO,- and 8-OHdG. These observations suggest the importance of constitutive NO synthase activity in the maintenance of oxidant buffering capacity in rats. Oral administration of L-NAME may serve as a model of hypertension due to chronic NO deficiency with increased oxidative stress.
Cryogenic Delay Line for Long-Baseline Interferometry in the Far-Infrared (2004)

We discuss the design, current status, and ongoing development of a cryogenic delay line for long-baseline direct-detection interferometry in the far-infrared.
Hybridized Electromagnetic–Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Scavenging Air-Flow Energy to Sustainably Power Temperature Sensors (2015)

We report a hybridized nanogenerator with dimensions of 6.7 cm × 4.5 cm × 2 cm and a weight of 42.3 g that consists of two triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and two electromagnetic generators (EMGs) for scavenging air-flow energy. Under an air-flow speed of about 18 m/s, the hybridized nanogenerator can deliver largest output powers of 3.5 mW for one TENG (in correspondence of power per unit mass/volume: 8.8 mW/g and 14.6 kW/m(3)) at a loading resistance of 3 MΩ and 1.8 mW for one EMG (in correspondence of power per unit mass/volume: 0.3 mW/g and 0.4 kW/m(3)) at a loading resistance of 2 kΩ, respectively. The hybridized nanogenerator can be utilized to charge a capacitor of 3300 μF to sustainably power four temperature sensors for realizing self-powered temperature sensor networks. Moreover, a wireless temperature sensor driven by a hybridized nanogenerator charged Li-ion battery can work well to send the temperature data to a receiver/computer at a distance of 1.5 m. This work takes a significant step toward air-flow energy harvesting and its potential applications in self-powered wireless sensor networks.
Data communications for microcomputers : with practical applications and experiments (1982)

Owners of microcomputers must often bear most of the responsibility for 
maintaining and enhancing their own systems. This easy-to-understand, 
easy-to-follow guide provides the basic principles and practical guidance needed to implement the hardware and software necessary to handle some common data communications problems that arise in a microcomputer-based environment. 
Particular emphasis is given to troubleshooting and solving problems in 
communications between CPUs, terminals, and printers in a typical microcomputer system, as well as to remote communications between those components via the public-switched telephone network. A series of 
experiments provides you with guidance in fabricating and testing interface circuits, cables, and diagnostic tools for use with any computer system, as well as in developing real-time software for use with Z80-based microcomputers.
3D-2D Registration of Cerebral Angiograms: A Method and Evaluation on Clinical Images (2013)

Endovascular image-guided interventions (EIGI) involve navigation of a catheter through the vasculature followed by application of treatment at the site of anomaly using live 2D projection images for guidance. 3D images acquired prior to EIGI are used to quantify the vascular anomaly and plan the intervention. If fused with the information of live 2D images they can also facilitate navigation and treatment. For this purpose 3D-2D image registration is required. Although several 3D-2D registration methods for EIGI achieve registration accuracy below 1 mm, their clinical application is still limited by insufficient robustness or reliability. In this paper, we propose a 3D-2D registration method based on matching a 3D vasculature model to intensity gradients of live 2D images. To objectively validate 3D-2D registration methods, we acquired a clinical image database of 10 patients undergoing cerebral EIGI and established "gold standard" registrations by aligning fiducial markers in 3D and 2D images. The proposed method had mean registration accuracy below 0.65 mm, which was comparable to tested state-of-the-art methods, and execution time below 1 s. With the highest rate of successful registrations and the highest capture range the proposed method was the most robust and thus a good candidate for application in EIGI.
Light emission in silicon nanostructures (1998)

The many and diverse approaches to materials science problems have greatly enhanced our ability in recent times to engineer the physical properties of semiconductors. Silicon, of all semiconductors, underpins nearly all microelectronics today and will continue to do so for some time to come. However, in optoelectronics, the severe disadvantage of an indirect band gap has limited the application of elemental silicon. Here we review a number of diverse approaches to engineering efficient light emission in silicon nanostructures. These different approaches are placed in context and their prospects for application in silicon-based optoelectronics are assessed.
Nitric Oxide Inhibits Apoptosis by Preventing Increases in Caspase-3-like Activity via Two Distinct Mechanisms (1997)

Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis, and here we report that NO prevents hepatocyte apoptosis initiated by the removal of growth factors or exposure to TNFalpha or anti-Fas antibody. We postulated that the mechanism of the inhibition of apoptosis by NO would include an effect on caspase-3-like protease activity. Caspase-3-like activity increased coincident with apoptosis due to all three stimuli, and treatment with the caspase-3-like protease inhibitor N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde inhibited both proteolytic activity and apoptosis. Endogenous or exogenous sources of NO prevented the increase in caspase-3-like activity in hepatocytes. Exposure of purified recombinant caspase-3 to an NO or NO+ donor inhibited proteolytic activity. Dithiothreitol (DTT), but not glutathione, reversed the inhibition of recombinant caspase-3 by NO. When lysates from cells stimulated to express inducible NO synthase or cells exposed to NO donors were incubated in DTT, caspase-3-like activity increased to about 55% of cells not exposed to a source of NO. Similarly, administration of an NO donor to rats treated with TNFalpha and D-galactosamine also prevented the increase in caspase-3-like activity as measured in liver homogenates. The effect of the NO donor was reversed by about 50% if the homogenate was incubated with DTT. TNFalpha-induced apoptosis and caspase-3-like activity were also reduced in cultured hepatocytes exposed to 8-bromo-cGMP, and both effects were inhibited by the cGMP-dependent kinase inhibitor KT5823. The suppression in caspase-3-like activity in hepatocytes exposed to an NO donor was partially blocked by an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3, -a]quinoxalin-1-one, (ODQ), while the incubation of these lysates in DTT almost completely restored caspase-3-like activity to the level of TNFalpha-treated controls. These data indicate that NO prevents apoptosis in hepatocytes by either directly or indirectly inhibiting caspase-3-like activation via a cGMP-dependent mechanism and by direct inhibition of caspase-3-like activity through protein S-nitrosylation.
Computer patent disclosures (1964)

Suppose a potentially very valuable experimental multi-computer system is being designed by you and your group. You feel you have made at least a system invention. In your Company scientists and engineers are responsible for initiating invention disclosures.
A 1.7nW PLL-assisted current injected 32KHz crystal oscillator for IoT (2017)

This paper presents a PLL-assisted crystal oscillator using a current switching phase detector (PD) with intrinsic 90° phase offset for IoT applications. The PLL provides accurate pulse injection timing into the XO, sustaining its oscillation at only 100mV amplitude and ensuring robustness operation across PVT. This technique achieves high energy injection efficiency and avoids the use of power hungry amplifiers. Measured power is 1.7nW at room temperature and operation is demonstrated from -20-80°C and across 3 corner wafers.
Expression of the surface glycoprotein E2 of Bovine viral diarrhea virus by recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (2006)

This study analysed the transport behaviour of the glycoprotein E2 of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) expressed from recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV). E2 protein was found to be retained at an intracellular compartment. A chimeric protein containing the membrane anchor and cytoplasmic tail of the VSV G protein, E2-G(MT), was transported to the cell surface. Only the latter protein was incorporated into rVSV particles in significant amounts. A soluble form of E2 lacking the membrane anchor, E2(MTdel), appeared to be affected in conformational stability. In contrast to both membrane-anchored forms of E2, expression of the soluble form was detectable only by immunofluorescence microscopy but not by Western blotting. These results are in agreement with reports of intracellular retention of the E2 protein due to a retention signal in the membrane anchor. However, in another analysis of E2 expressed from rVSV, E2 protein was reported to be transported to the cell surface and incorporated into VSV particles [Grigera, P. R., Marzocca, M. P., Capozzo, A. V. E., Buonocore, L., Donis, R. O. & Rose, J. K. (2000). Virus Res 69, 3-15]. Reasons for these contradictory results are discussed.
Dissection of Patricia Cornwell's feminist woman detective Kay Scarpetta (2012)

This analysis of Kay Scarpetta acknowledges the importance of feminism in the identity of this woman detective. Kay Scarpetta contests patriarchy from the root: she is a forensic anthropologist with the necessary intellectual abilities and expertise for the pursuit of criminals. She has the power to solve the murder, the patriarchal privilege enjoyed by the traditional male detective, but her characterisation retains feminine characteristics, too: she can admit to be afraid in the face of danger and she cares for victims, those lying on her autopsy table – many of whom are women – but also the ones left behind. Kay Scarpetta’s identity leads her to expose the forms that women’s victimisation can take in a society based on prioritising men’s privileges. The obstacles that Kay Scarpetta has to overcome in order to expose patriarchy will not discourage her, though, since her ultimate goal is to help dignity and equality prevail.
Selective Knockdown of the Long Variant of Cellular FLICE Inhibitory Protein Augments Death Receptor-mediated Caspase-8 Activation and Apoptosis (2005)

Death receptors trigger apoptosis by activating the apical cysteine proteases caspase-8 and -10 within a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). c-FLIP (cellular FLICE inhibitory protein) is an enzymatically inactive relative of caspase-8 and -10 that binds to the DISC. Two major c-FLIP variants result from alternative mRNA splicing: a short, 26-kDa protein (c-FLIP(S)) and a long, 55-kDa form (c-FLIP(L)). The role of c-FLIP(S) as an inhibitor of death receptor-mediated apoptosis is well established; however, the function of c-FLIP(L) remains controversial. Although overexpression of transfected c-FLIP(L) inhibits apoptosis, ectopic expression at lower levels supports caspase-8 activation and cell death. Simultaneous ablation of both c-FLIP variants augments death receptor-mediated apoptosis, but the impact of selective depletion of c-FLIP(L) on caspase-8 activation and subsequent apoptosis is not well defined. To investigate this, we developed small interfering RNAs that specifically knock down expression of c-FLIP(L) in several cancer cell lines and studied their effect on apoptosis initiation by Apo2L/TRAIL (Apo2 ligand/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand). Knockdown of c-FLIP(L) augmented DISC recruitment, activation, processing, and release of caspase-8, thereby enhancing effector-caspase stimulation and apoptosis. Thus, endogenous c-FLIP(L) functions primarily as an inhibitor of death receptor-mediated apoptosis.
A Novel Thiol-Modified Hyaluronan and Elastin-Like Polypetide Composite Material for Tissue Engineering of the Nucleus Pulposus of the Intervertebral Disc (2010)

TM-HA-based hydrogels provide a hospitable environment for human IVD cells and have material characteristics, particularly when supplemented with ELPs that are attractive for potential application as an injectable NP supplement.
Repetitive Closed-Skull Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice Causes Persistent Multifocal Axonal Injury and Microglial Reactivity (2011)

Repetitive mild or "concussive" traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause substantial neurologic impairment, but the pathological features of this type of injury are not fully understood. We report an experimental model of TBI in which the closed skulls of anesthetized male C57BL/6J mice are struck with an electromagnetically controlled rubber impactor twice with an interval of 24 hours between impacts. The mice had deficits in Morris water maze performance in the first week after injury that only partially resolved 7 weeks later. By routine histology, there was no apparent bleeding, neuronal cell loss, or tissue disruption, and amyloid precursor protein immunohistochemistry demonstrated very few immunoreactive axonal varicosities. In contrast, silver staining revealed extensive abnormalities in the corpus callosum and bilateral external capsule, the ipsilateral cortex and thalamus, and the contralateral hippocampal CA1 stratum radiatum and stratum oriens. Electron microscopy of white matter regions demonstrated axonal cytoskeletal disruption, intra-axonal organelle compaction, and irregularities in axon caliber. Reactive microglia were observed in the same areas as the injured axons by both electron microscopy and Iba1 immunohistochemistry. Quantitative analyses of silver staining and Iba1 immunohistochemistry at multiple time points demonstrated transient cortical and thalamic abnormalities but persistent white matter pathology as late as 7 weeks after injury.Thus, prominent and long-lasting abnormalities in this TBI model were underestimated using conventional approaches. The model may be useful for mechanistic investigations and preclinical assessment of candidate therapeutics.
Measures of endothelial function as an endpoint in hypertension? (1997)

The vascular endothelial cell is a multipotent cell which has several functions: transport barrier, phagocytosis, coagulation/anticoagulation, fibrinolysis, autocrine/paracrine and metabolic functions. The release of vasoactive agents, such as the vasodilators EDRF (NO) and EDHF, and vasoconstrictors, such as endothelin (ET), represents an important local mechanism altering the balance of vasodilation/ vasoconstriction of the vascular smooth muscle cell. Inhibition of the synthesis of NO by exogenous (e.g. L-NAME) or endogenous (e.g. ADMA) L-arginine analogues may cause transient or sustained hypertension. A similar effect may be achieved by continuous administration of the potent vasoconstrictor ET. Endothelial dysfunction, associated with a deficient NO production and release as well an enhanced ET generation, may be present in some forms of vascular disease, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus or sleep apnea. Whether such alterations may be a cause of hypertension and involved in the maintenance of high blood pressure or whether they represent a consequence of the hypertensive disease remains to be concluded. Furthermore, while there is emerging evidence that endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease may be reversed by therapy, it remains to be determined whether measures of endothelial function in man may serve as predictors for morbidity or mortality.
SYRMEP Tomo Project: a graphical user interface for customizing CT reconstruction workflows (2017)

When considering the acquisition of experimental synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray CT data, the reconstruction workflow cannot be limited to the essential computational steps of flat fielding and filtered back projection (FBP). More refined image processing is often required, usually to compensate artifacts and enhance the quality of the reconstructed images. In principle, it would be desirable to optimize the reconstruction workflow at the facility during the experiment (beamtime). However, several practical factors affect the image reconstruction part of the experiment and users are likely to conclude the beamtime with sub-optimal reconstructed images. Through an example of application, this article presents <i>SYRMEP Tomo Project</i> (STP), an open-source software tool conceived to let users design custom CT reconstruction workflows. STP has been designed for post-beamtime (off-line use) and for a new reconstruction of past archived data at user's home institution where simple computing resources are available. Releases of the software can be downloaded at the Elettra Scientific Computing group GitHub repository https://github.com/ElettraSciComp/STP-Gui.
Don't just listen, use your imagination: Leveraging visual common sense for non-visual tasks (2015)

Artificial agents today can answer factual questions. But they fall short on questions that require common sense reasoning. Perhaps this is because most existing common sense databases rely on text to learn and represent knowledge. But much of common sense knowledge is unwritten - partly because it tends not to be interesting enough to talk about, and partly because some common sense is unnatural to articulate in text. While unwritten, it is not unseen. In this paper we leverage semantic common sense knowledge learned from images - i.e. visual common sense - in two textual tasks: fill-in-the-blank and visual paraphrasing. We propose to “imagine” the scene behind the text, and leverage visual cues from the “imagined” scenes in addition to textual cues while answering these questions. We imagine the scenes as a visual abstraction. Our approach outperforms a strong text-only baseline on these tasks. Our proposed tasks can serve as benchmarks to quantitatively evaluate progress in solving tasks that go “beyond recognition”. Our code and datasets are publicly available.
ChemInform Abstract: BEHAVIOR OF BENZYL SULFOXIDES TOWARD ACID CHLORIDES. USEFUL DEPARTURES FROM THE PUMMERER REACTION (1985)

Abstract Aus den Anilinen (I) erhält man mit NCS und Dimethylsulfid die 2‐Methylthiomethylverbindungen (II), die nach Oxidation zu den Sulfoxiden (III) mit HCl behandelt werden.
Comparing multimedia storage architectures (2002)

Multimedia interfaces increase the need for large image databases, capable of storing and reading streams of data with strict synchronicity and isochronicity requirements. In order to fulfil these requirements, we use a parallel image server architecture which relies on arrays of intelligent disk nodes, each disk node being composed of one processor and one or more disks. This contribution analyzes through simulation the real-time behavior of two multiprocessor multi-disk architectures: GigaView and the Unix workstation cluster. GigaView incorporates point-to-point communication between processing units and the workstation cluster supports communication through a shared bus-and-memory architecture. For a standard multimedia server architecture consisting of 8 disks and 4 disk-node processors, we evaluate stream frame access times under various parameters such as load factors, frame size, stream throughput and synchronicity requirements. We compare the behavior of GigaView and the workstation cluster in terms of delay and delay jitter.