gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation of conditions for the maximal efficiency of decimeter-wave klystrons (2014)

Using the mathematical model of electron beam transformation in a narrow tube developed by the authors and the KlypWin program suite, conditions for the maximal efficiency of decimeter-wave klystrons having from three to six amplification stages are simulated. Simulation is based on a real electron-optical system and real parameters of the cavities. It is shown that the maximal efficiency (across the load) is 83% for a four-cavity klystron, 86% for a five-cavity klystron, 88% for a six-cavity klystron, and 90% for a seven-cavity one. The electronic efficiency of the simulated seven-cavity klystron equals 94%, which implies the achievement of a global extremum.
28.2: A Plastic 3.8‐in. Low‐Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon TFT Color LCD Panel (2003)

Abstract An all‐plastic, reflective color LTPS TFT LCD has been developed with a typical PDA‐size of 3.8‐inch in diagonal. This panel has 0.4mm in thickness and weighs only three grams. The TFT layer on a plastic substrate was prepared in our original transfer process, which does not leave any significant damage to the device layer. Owing to the flexibility of the substrates, the panel can be bent with an image displayed in operation. The changes in LTPS TFT characteristics with a substrate bending are also investigated for the first time, which reveals a mobility change of 16% under 0.75% compression. This technology will allow us to make a lightweight, shock‐resistant LCD panel practically, which is well suited to mobile applications.
Computational Methods for Hidden Markov Tree Models—An Application to Wavelet Trees (2004)

The hidden Markov tree models were introduced by Crouse et al. in 1998 for modeling nonindependent, non-Gaussian wavelet transform coefficients. In their paper, they developed the equivalent of the forward-backward algorithm for hidden Markov tree models and called it the "upward-downward algorithm". This algorithm is subject to the same numerical limitations as the forward-backward algorithm for hidden Markov chains (HMCs). In this paper, adapting the ideas of Devijver from 1985, we propose a new "upward-downward" algorithm, which is a true smoothing algorithm and is immune to numerical underflow. Furthermore, we propose a Viterbi-like algorithm for global restoration of the hidden state tree. The contribution of those algorithms as diagnosis tools is illustrated through the modeling of statistical dependencies between wavelet coefficients with a special emphasis on local regularity changes.
Time-Series Anomaly Detection Service at Microsoft (2019)

Large companies need to monitor various metrics (for example, Page Views and Revenue) of their applications and services in real time. At Microsoft, we develop a time-series anomaly detection service which helps customers to monitor the time-series continuously and alert for potential incidents on time. In this paper, we introduce the pipeline and algorithm of our anomaly detection service, which is designed to be accurate, efficient and general. The pipeline consists of three major modules, including data ingestion, experimentation platform and online compute. To tackle the problem of time-series anomaly detection, we propose a novel algorithm based on Spectral Residual (SR) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our work is the first attempt to borrow the SR model from visual saliency detection domain to time-series anomaly detection. Moreover, we innovatively combine SR and CNN together to improve the performance of SR model. Our approach achieves superior experimental results compared with state-of-the-art baselines on both public datasets and Microsoft production data.
Physiological health parameters among college students to promote chronic disease prevention and health promotion (2017)

This study aimed to provide physiologic health risk parameters by gender and age among college students enrolled in a U.S. Midwestern University to promote chronic disease prevention and ameliorate health. A total of 2615 college students between 18 and 25 years old were recruited annually using a series of cross-sectional designs during the spring semester over an 8-year period. Physiologic parameters measured included body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (%BF), blood serum cholesterol (BSC), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. These measures were compared to data from NHANES to identify differences in physiologic parameters among 18-25 year olds in the general versus college-enrolled population. A quantitative instrument assessed health behaviors related to physical activity, diet, and licit drug use. Results suggest that average physiologic parameters from 18 to 25 year olds enrolled in college were significantly different from parameters of 18-25 year olds in the general population. Generally, men reported higher percentiles for BMI, SBP, and DBP than women, but lower %BF and BSC percentiles than women at each age. SBP and DBP significantly increased with age and alcohol use. Students in the lowest (5th) and highest percentiles (95th and 75th), for most age groups, demonstrated DBP, BMI, and %BF levels potentially problematic for health and future development of chronic disease based on percentiles generated for their peer group. Newly identified physiologic parameters may be useful to practitioners serving college students 18-25 years old from similar institutions in determining whether behavior change or treatment interventions are appropriate.
Model-Based Design of Volatile Functionality in Web Applications (2006)

In this paper we present a model-based approach to integrate dynamic and volatile functionality in Web applications. Our approach comprises an extension to the OOHDM design method and a software framework which supports the injection of volatile functionality into the design model. We first motivate our work by discussing the problems which arise when dealing with volatile functionality; some meaningful examples are presented. We briefly describe our design approach, showing how to decouple volatile functionality from the core design model. We finally describe an implementation framework which supports the presented ideas extending Apache Struts with the notion of services and service affinities. Finally, we compare our approach with others' and present some further research we are pursuing
Biotechnology for the production of essential oils, flavours and volatile isolates. A review. (2010)

Abstract Various applications of biotechnological methods for the production of volatile compounds useful to the food and pharmaceutical industries are discussed. The yields obtained from intact or genetically modified plants are compared to those achieved by microbial methods. Plant yields are too low for the products to compete commercially to those synthesized chemically. Still lower yields are obtained with in vitro ‐cultured plant tissues. Trangenic plants with altered methylerythritol path gave 50% more essential oil in the best case. The 100‐fold increases in shikimate‐derived volatiles, obtained with overexpressed alcohol dehydrogenase and five‐fold more C6 volatle aldehydes and 2‐phenylethanol, were produced with overexpressed lipoxygenase and 2‐phenylethanol dehydrogenase, respectively. However, the most spectacular yields were observed with biotransformations catalysed by microorganisms. Kluyveromyces marxianus , produces over 26 g/l 2‐phenylethanol from phenyalanine, whereas Candida sorbophila, Mucor circillenoides or Yarrowia lipolytica can produce 5–40 g/l γ ‐decalactone from ricinoleic acid. Vanillin production from ferulic acid is in the range 12–60 g/l with Amycolatopsis and Streptomyces species. Vanillin can be produced at 5 g/l by Escherichia coli and amorphadiene yields of 37 g/l have been observed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae , both with the genetically overexpressed methyl–erythritol path. Genetically engineered β ‐oxidation genes result in yields of 10 g/l γ ‐decalactone by Yarrowia lipolytica and up to 80 g/l dicaboxylic acids by various yeasts. These results far exceed the theoretical limit of about 1 g/l required for consideration of a procedure as a commercially interesting process, alternative to chemical sythesis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of soft condensed materials with living cells: Phenotype/transcriptome correlations for the hydrophobic effect (2003)

The assessment of biomaterial compatibility relies heavily on the analysis of macroscopic cellular responses to material interaction. However, new technologies have become available that permit a more profound understanding of the molecular basis of cell-biomaterial interaction. Here, both conventional phenotypic and contemporary transcriptomic (DNA microarray-based) analysis techniques were combined to examine the interaction of cells with a homologous series of copolymer films that subtly vary in terms of surface hydrophobicity. More specifically, we used differing combinations of N-isopropylacrylamide, which is presently used as an adaptive cell culture substrate, and the more hydrophobic, yet structurally similar, monomer N-tert-butylacrylamide. We show here that even discrete modifications with respect to the physiochemistry of soft amorphous materials can lead to significant impacts on the phenotype of interacting cells. Furthermore, we have elucidated putative links between phenotypic responses to cell-biomaterial interaction and global gene expression profile alterations. This case study indicates that high-throughput analysis of gene expression not only can greatly refine our knowledge of cell-biomaterial interaction, but also can yield novel biomarkers for potential use in biocompatibility assessment.
Development of 2D Band-Target Entropy Minimization and Application to the Deconvolution of Multicomponent 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra (2005)

Spectral reconstruction from multicomponent spectroscopic data is the frequent primary goal in chemical system identification and exploratory chemometric studies. Various methods and techniques have been reported in the literature. However, few algorithms/methods have been devised for spectral recovery without the use of any a priori information. In the present studies, a higher dimensional entropy minimization method based on the BTEM algorithm (Widjaja, E.; Li, C.; Garland, M. Organometallics 2002, 21, 1991-1997.) and related techniques were extended to large-scale arrays, namely, 2D NMR spectroscopy. The performance of this novel method had been successfully verified on various real experimental mixture spectra from a series of randomized 2D NMR mixtures (COSY NMR and HSQC NMR). With the new algorithm and raw multicomponent NMR alone, it was possible to reconstruct the pure spectroscopic patterns and calculate the relative concentration of each species without recourse to any libraries or any other a priori information. The potential advantages of this novel algorithm and its implications for general chemical system identification of unknown mixtures are discussed.
Identification of DNA Sequences that Flank a Known Region by Inverse PCR (2011)

The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with its multiple applications in molecular genetic analysis is the cornerstone of modern basic and applied biomedical research. This chapter focuses on the inverse PCR technique that has been used widely over the last two decades in genotyping and chromosome walking applications for the isolation of unknown DNA sequences upstream and downstream of a known DNA region. The method is based on the use of circularized templates and primers facing outward from the known sequence, rather than primers facing each other used in conventional PCR. As a result, the original genome sequence is rearranged, and stretches of known sequence end up flanking the unknown DNA sequence in the inverse PCR product. I also discuss the special case of using outward facing primers to isolate the intergenic region between genes clustered in tandem or inverted arrangement, since it can hugely simplify the cloning of cis-regulatory sequences in new species of interest.
Meta-analysis of Broiler Chicken Pen Trials Evaluating Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharide, 1993-2003 (2004)

Global broiler chicken pen trial reports (1993-2003) were analyzed statistically to determine effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii yeast outer cell wall mannan oligosaccharide (MOS; Bio-Mos , ® Alltech, Nicholasville, Kentucky USA) supplemented diets versus negative control (nCON) or antibiotic - supplemented positive control (pCON) diets. Criteria for selecting studies were: 1) pen trial, 2) written report, 3) MOS fed for entire study period, 4) negative and/or positive control, 5) antibiotic stated (for positive control), 6) replication and 7) age, body weight (BWT) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) given. Mortality (MORT) was used when reported. Results were averaged treatments (all comparisons) and trials (comparisons averaged by trial before analysis) using Paired T-test to compare nCON and pCON means with corresponding MOS means. Slightly different answers but similar patterns emerged by these methods. Considering results averaged by trials, MOS diets gave the following relative improvements compared to nCON diets: BWT, +1.61%; FCR, -1.99% and MORT, -21.4 (all significant at P = 0.020). Relative improvements using MOS feeds compared to the pCON diets were: BWT, -0.36% and FCR, -0.11% (P = 0.473; nonsignificant differences). The MOS diets significantly (P = 0.008) lowered mortality (-18.10%) relative to pCON diets, indicating a strong beneficial effect. The MOS diets produced BWT and FCR comparable to those of pCON diets but significantly lowered MORT compared to antibiotic diets. Currently recommended optimal MOS levels of addition for broiler chicken feeds are: 0.2%, 0 to 7 days; 0.1%, 7 to 21 days and 0.05%, 21 to 42 days (or market).
The cardioplegic solution HTK: effects on membrane potential, intracellular K + in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres* and Na + activities (1989)

The effects of the cardioplegic solution HTK on membrane potential (EM) and intracellular K and Na activi- ties (a~, a~a) were studied in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres by means of conventional and ion-selective microelectrodes. HTK contains (raM): Na 15, K 10, Ca 0, Mg 4, histidine 180. (1) In control conditions EM was --74.3_+3.3 mV (n=25), ak was 116.4_+4.1 mM (n=7) and a~a was 8.2_+ 1.4mM (n= 15). (2) Exposure to HTK led to a depolarization to - 59.7 _+ 3.6 mV (n --= 25) which exceeded by about 5-7 mV that induced in a Tyrode solution of 10 mM K and in a modified HTK solulion supplemented by 2 mM Ca (n = 6). (3) Addition of 0.5 mM barium eliminated the difference in the steady-state depolarization. (4) HTK superfusion increased ak to 120.1 _+ 4.4. mM (n = 7) and de- creased a~a to 3.9 _+ 0.9 mM (n = 15). (5) The decrease in aha was insensitive to amiloride (1 raM) and to external alkalization but was slightly increased by addition of 2 mM calcium�9 (6) When the calcium in Tyrode solution was lowered from 2.0 mM to 0.05 mM, a~a hardly decreased during subsequent exposure to unmodified HTK and it in- creased in the presence of 0.1 mM dihydroouabain. We pro- pose the hypothesis (1) that the difference in membrane depolarization between HTK and a 10 mM K-Tyrode is caused by a decrease in K conductance by the HTK solution and (2) that the a~a decline mainly results from a coupled Ca influx via Na-Ca exchange due to a delayed washout of external calcium.
Identification and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Metabolites in Plasma and Urine of Eriocitrin-Treated Rats (2000)

Eriocitrin, a flavonoid glycoside present in lemon fruit, is metabolized in vivo to a series of eriodictyol, methylated eriodictyol, 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, and their conjugates. Plasma antioxidant activity increased following oral administration of aqueous eriocitrin solutions to rats. Eriocitrin metabolites were found in plasma and renal excreted urine through HPLC and LC-MS analyses. Eriocitrin was not detected in plasma and urine, but eriodictyol, homoeriodictyol, and hesperetin in their conjugated forms were detected in plasma of 4.0 h following administration of eriocitrin. In urine for 24 h, both nonconjugates and conjugates of these metabolites were detected. 3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, which is metabolized from eriodictyol by intestinal bacteria, was detected in slight amounts with each form in 4.0-h plasma and 24-h urine. Eriocitrin was suggested to be metabolized by intestinal bacteria, and then eriodictyol and 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic of its metabolite were absorbed. Following administration of eriocitrin, plasma exhibited an elevated resistance effect to lipid peroxidation. Eriocitrin metabolites functioning as antioxidant agents are discussed.
Analyzing Sensor-Based Time Series Data to Track Changes in Physical Activity during Inpatient Rehabilitation (2017)

Time series data collected from sensors can be analyzed to monitor changes in physical activity as an individual makes a substantial lifestyle change, such as recovering from an injury or illness. In an inpatient rehabilitation setting, approaches to detect and explain changes in longitudinal physical activity data collected from wearable sensors can provide value as a monitoring, research, and motivating tool. We adapt and expand our Physical Activity Change Detection (PACD) approach to analyze changes in patient activity in such a setting. We use Fitbit Charge Heart Rate devices with two separate populations to continuously record data to evaluate PACD, nine participants in a hospitalized inpatient rehabilitation group and eight in a healthy control group. We apply PACD to minute-by-minute Fitbit data to quantify changes within and between the groups. The inpatient rehabilitation group exhibited greater variability in change throughout inpatient rehabilitation for both step count and heart rate, with the greatest change occurring at the end of the inpatient hospital stay, which exceeded day-to-day changes of the control group. Our additions to PACD support effective change analysis of wearable sensor data collected in an inpatient rehabilitation setting and provide insight to patients, clinicians, and researchers.
Pore Size Distribution of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

The pore size distributions of bundled single-walled carbon nanotubes were investigated by N2 adsorption and desorption. It was found that the pore sizes are in two main ranges: <5 nm and 10−100 nm. Furthermore, their heating in an inert gas, CO2, or H2 at 800 °C did not change the pore size distribution, even though significant amounts of nanotubes were consumed during the latter two treatments. In contrast, the nitric acid treatment at 70 °C completely changed the pore size distribution, generating an active-carbon-like pore size distribution and a large increase of the total surface area.
On optimization techniques for solving nonlinear inverse problems (2000)

This paper considers optimization techniques for the solution of nonlinear inverse problems where the forward problems, like those encountered in electromagnetics, are modelled by differential equations. Such problems are often solved by utilizing a Gauss-Newton method in which the forward model constraints are implicitly incorporated. Variants of Newton's method which use second-derivative information are rarely employed because their perceived disadvantage in computational cost per step offsets their potential benefits of faster convergence. In this paper we show that, by formulating the inversion as a constrained or unconstrained optimization problem, and by employing sparse matrix techniques, we can carry out variants of sequential quadratic programming and the full Newton iteration with only a modest additional cost. By working with the differential equation explicitly we are able to relate the constrained and the unconstrained formulations and discuss the advantages of each. To make the comparisons meaningful we adopt the same global optimization strategy for all inversions. As an illustration, we focus upon a 1D electromagnetic (EM) example simulating a magnetotelluric survey. This problem is sufficiently rich that it illuminates most of the computational complexities that are prevalent in multi-source inverse problems and we therefore describe its solution process in detail. The numerical results illustrate that variants of Newton's method which utilize second-derivative information can produce a solution in fewer iterations and, in some cases where the data contain significant noise, requiring fewer floating point operations than Gauss-Newton techniques. Although further research is required, we believe that the variants proposed here will have a significant impact on developing practical solutions to large-scale 3D EM inverse problems.
A model system involving anti-concanavalin A for antibody targeting of diphtheria toxin fragment A1. (1980)

Results obtained in a model system strongly suggest that antibodies to cell surface determinants may be used to direct the toxic potential of the A chain of diphtheria toxin (DTA). The A chain (M.W. 21,000) was covalently attached to antibody against concanavalin A (anti-Con A) by means of a disulfide-containing cross-bridge. This DTA-SS-(anti-Con A) conjugate was toxic for 3T3 cells containing Con A on their surface but was not toxic in the same concentration range for: (a) cells lacking Con A; (b) Con A-treated cells washed with buffer containing alpha-methyl-D-mannoside; (c) cells containing wheat germ agglutinin on their surface; or (d) Con A-treated mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells containing altered, toxin-insensitive elongation factor 2. Conjugates containing DTA disulfide linked to anti-wheat germ agglutinin antibody or to nonspecific rabbit immunoglobulin G were not toxic for cells coated with Con A. The results suggest a new approach to the construction of antibody-directed, tumor-specific chemotherapeutic agents. Conjugates containing DTA disulfide linked to antibody against specific cell surface antigens may also be generally useful as specific selective agents for the isolation of mutant cell lines.
Deriving User Profiles for Augmentative Communication (2004)

User profiling provides personalized and relevant content for users of information technology.Describing and representing an individual's capabilities and interests can enhance assistive technology for users with severe disabilities, such as paralysis and the inability to speak.These users are particularly challenged when attempting to interface with technology because of their limited means for providing input.This paper describes the extent to which user profiling can be helpful for encapsulating the preferences of such disabled users.It also presents a methodology for capturing and representing user profile information in augmentative and assistive communication devices.User profiles are developed for both disabled users and their conversational partners.These profiles will ultimately be used to help improve the richness of conversation for severely disabled users by enhancing conversational prediction.