gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creating Positive Facts on the Ground: A Viable Palestinian State Overview (2006)

This paper makes a series of inter-related points.(1) The main features of a Palestinian-Israeli agreement for a "two-state" solution-if such an agreement is to be achieved-have become very clear.(2) The long-term success of such an agreement in meeting the needs of the two state will depend on the viability of the Palestinian state that is created, which in turn will depend on three features-contiguity of Palestinian territories, permeability of the border with Israel, and normal human security for its citizens.(3) The current political climate does not allow the creation of such a state through standard bilateral negotiations.Indeed, the prospect facing both sides is a second disengagement-this time from the occupied West Bank regions with only small minorities of Israeli settlers-and the ending of negotiations with no immediate prospect for any of the three features stipulated above.(4) The necessary requirements for viability can only be achieved if mutual trust between the sides can be created, trust that provisions will be faithfully enacted and adhered to, and trust that the agreement will truly mark the end of the conflict.( 5) To build that trust, we propose a strategy involving unilateral, reciprocal steps in which each side, recognizing the interdependence of the interests of the two sides, acts in a manner that both serves its own interests and signals a willingness to consider the other side's interests as well.(6) Critical to the success of this strategy is the need for both sides to communicate a view of the future that includes the other side in a way that affords its citizens a status and everyday life that they will find tolerable even if it does not satisfy their notions of justice.Indeed, people on both sides (but especially the Palestinians for whom the absence of an agreement or the failure of their state would be especially disastrous) will be called upon to sacrifice some measure of what they deem fair or appropriate to achieve peace.
Analysis of multilayered periodic structures using generalized scattering matrix theory (1988)

The use of generalized scattering matrix theory is proposed as a fast, efficient approach for analyzing multilayer structures where in each layer is either a diffraction grating or a uniform dielectric slab, and all grating layers have the same periodicity. The overall scattering from the structure is determined by first evaluating a matrix of scattering parameters for each individual layer and then forming a scattering matrix for the entire structure by a procedure analogous to the cascading of networks in circuit theory. Higher-order spatial (Floquet) harmonics, including nonpropagating modes and cross-polarized fields, are taken into account as necessary. The approach is illustrated by computing the reflection coefficient of a multilayered resistive strip grating as a function of frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<b>Induction of antibody‐secreting cells and T‐helper and memory cells in murine nasal lymphoid tissue</b> (1996)

Intranasal (i.n.) immunization is an effective route for inducing mucosal immune responses especially in the upper respiratory tract and mouth. To characterize the cells involved in these responses, nasal lymphoid tissue (NALT; considered to be the equivalent of Waldeyer's ring in humans) of normal mice, and of mice immunized intranasally with a bacterial protein antigen conjugated to cholera toxin B subunit, was isolated and the lymphoid cells analysed according to surface phenotype, immunoglobulin and antibody secretion, and cytokine profile. Compared with cells obtained from Peyer's patches (PP), NALT cells contained a higher proportion of T cells, especially naive (CD45RB+hi) T-helper cells, and fewer surface (s)IgA+ cells. Both tissues contained high proportions of sIgM+ IgD+ unswitched B cells. After i.n. immunization, IgA antibody-secreting cells were increased, indicating that isotype switching and differentiation of B cells to IgA-secreting cells occurred in NALT, whereas smaller numbers of antibody-secreting cells were found in PP after intragastric (i.g.) immunization. Antigen-specific memory cells persisted in NALT for at least 8 months after initial immunization. The cytokine expression profiles of antigen-stimulated NALT and PP cells of immunized mice, revealed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of mRNA, were similar. Both NALT and PP cells tended to express type 2 earlier or for longer than type 1 cytokine mRNA, but NALT cells tended to express interleukin-4 (IL-4) earlier, and IL-5 for a longer period, than PP cells. Thus NALT shares with PP cell populations typical of a mucosal inductive site, including unswitched B cells and naive T-helper (Th) cells. After i.n. immunization, NALT has the capacity to provide help for B-cell maturation and differentiation, as well as to maintain immune memory.
Fission yeast genes that confer resistance to staurosporine encode an AP-1-like transcription factor and a protein kinase related to the mammalian ERK1/MAP2 and budding yeast FUS3 and KSS1 kinases. (1991)

Staurosporine, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C, arrests fission yeast cell elongation specifically at a stage immediately after cell division. We isolated two genes, which, when carried on multicopy plasmids, confer drug resistance in fission yeast. One, spk1+, encodes a protein kinase highly similar (54% identity) to those encoded by the mammalian ERK1/MAP2 kinase and the budding yeast KSS1 and FUS3 genes. It is not essential for vegetative growth of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells but is required for conjugation. The spk1+ gene product is a 45-kD protein enriched in the nucleus, and its level increases 10-fold after addition of staurosporine. The other gene pap1+ encodes an AP-1-like transcription factor that contains a region rich in basic amino acids followed by a "leucine zipper" motif. The pap1+ gene is required for spk1(+)-conferred staurosporine resistance. These two genes appear to function as a part of the fission yeast growth control pathway.
Photoelectron emission from diamond (2006)

Abstract From total photoyield spectroscopy (TPYS) experiments we derive information about electron generation and emission properties in diamond. From the spectra, dynamic change between negative and positive electron affinities are detected. Temperature dependent TPYS experiments reveal a decrease of the optical band gap of diamond at high temperature. In addition, we show that a low density of boron can be detected, combining TPYS and cathodoluminescence experiments. We discuss properties of partially hydrogen terminated diamond surfaces, which are realized by in‐situ thermal evaporation of hydrogen with TPYS experiments, with respect to a variation of electron affinity affecting sub‐band and band gap excited electron emission properties. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Use of Cold Atmospheric Plasma to Detoxify Hazelnuts from Aflatoxins (2016)

Aflatoxins, produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, can contaminate different foodstuffs, such as nuts. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma has the potential to be used for mycotoxin detoxification. In this study, the operating parameters of cold atmospheric pressure plasma were optimized to reduce the presence of aflatoxins on dehulled hazelnuts. First, the effect of different gases was tested (N₂, 0.1% O₂ and 1% O₂, 21% O₂), then power (400, 700, 1000, 1150 W) and exposure time (1, 2, 4, and 12 min) were optimized. In preliminary tests on aflatoxin standard solutions, this method allowed to obtain a complete detoxification using a high power for a few minutes. On hazelnuts, in similar conditions (1000 W, 12 min), a reduction in the concentration of total aflatoxins and AFB₁ of over 70% was obtained. Aflatoxins B₁ and G₁ were more sensitive to plasma treatments compared to aflatoxins B₂ and G₂, respectively. Under plasma treatment, aflatoxin B₁ was more sensitive compared to aflatoxin G₁. At the highest power, and for the longest time, the maximum temperature increment was 28.9 °C. Cold atmospheric plasma has the potential to be a promising method for aflatoxin detoxification on food, because it is effective and it could help to maintain the organoleptic characteristics.
4over6 Transit Solution Using IP Encapsulation and MP-BGP Extensions (2010)

The emerging and growing deployment of IPv6 networks will introduce cases where connectivity with IPv4 networks crossing IPv6 transit backbones is desired. This document describes a mechanism for automatic discovery and creation of IPv4-over-IPv6 tunnels via extensions to multiprotocol BGP. It is targeted at connecting islands of IPv4 networks across an IPv6-only backbone without the need for a manually configured overlay of tunnels. The mechanisms described in this document have been implemented, tested, and deployed on the large research IPv6 network in China.
Energy transfer in monochromatically excited 13C16O and 12C18O (<i>A</i>1Π <i>v</i>′=13) molecules (1978)

The 123.58 nm resonance radiation of Kr excited 13C16O and 12C18O to resonant rotational energy levels of the A1Π v′=13 state. The steady state fluorescence of the 13C16O (A1Π–X1Σ+) (13,v″) resonance progression was quenched by 13C16O, 12C18O, 12C16O, CO2, O2, N2, H2, D2, He, Ar, and Xe. The respective electronic quenching cross sections of these molecules, in Å2, in the order given above, were: 198, 38.0, 57.1, 119, 43, 78.5, 19.0, 29.3,&lt;0.4, 3.23, and 114. The rotational relaxation cross sections of the 13C16O A1Π v′=13 Q (13) state by He, 13C16O, and 12C18O were 13, 16 and ∼16 Å2, respectively. The 12C18O (A1Π) v′=13 state was quenched by 12C18O and 12C16O with cross sections of 257 and 28.0 Å2, respectively.
Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of tungsten carbide (WC) thin films (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-pressure chemical vapor deposition of tungsten carbide (WC) thin filmsZiling Xue, Kenneth G. Caulton, and Malcolm H. ChisholmCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 3, 384–386Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00015a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00015a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views468Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A general method for evaluation of functions and computations in a digital computing (1975)

This paper presents a recently discovered general computational method, amenable for efficient implementation in digital computing systems. The method provides a unique, simple and fast algorithm for solving many computational problems, such as the evaluation of polynomials, rational functions and arithmetic expressions, or solving a class of systems of linear equations, or performing the basic arithmetics. In particular, the method, is well suited for fast evaluation of commonly used, mathematical functions.
Intoxications au dextropropoxyphène et au tramadol : bilan d'un an de recueil (2006)

La prescription de plus en plus fréquente du dextropropoxyphène (DP) et du tramadol, deux antalgiques opioïdes, a conduit les membres du groupe de travail "Toxicologie hospitalière" de la Société Française de Toxicologie Analytique (SFTA) à étudier leur toxicité clinique observée. L'étude a consisté en l'analyse des cas où l'une ou l'autre de ces molécules a été identifiée au décours d'un screening toxicologique réalisé durant l'année 2004 dans les laboratoires hospitaliers des membres de ce groupe. Pour chaque patient ont été recueillis les données démographiques, les concentrations plasmatiques en dextropropoxyphène, norpropoxyphène (NP) ou tramadol, la concentration plasmatique en paracétamol, les médicaments associés et les signes cliniques (digestifs, respiratoires, cardiaques et neurologiques). Aucune relation entre les concentrations plasmatiques de dextropropoxyphène et de paracétamol, ni entre celles de dextropropoxyphène ou de tramadol et la gravité clinique n'a été observée. Les concentrations plasmatiques observées en dextropropoxyphène sont faibles mais doivent attirer l'attention sur une éventuelle intoxication au paracétamol. Les concentrations plasmatiques en tramadol peuvent être élevées mais les intoxications sont dans l'ensemble peu sévères et les concentrations toxiques semblent très supérieures à la concentration de 1 mg/L.
Patenting Activity in Synthesis of Lipid Nanotubes and Peptide Nanotubes (2007)

Lipid nanotubes (LNTs) and peptide nanotubes (PNTs) are especially intriguing and noncovalent self-assemblies of amphiphiles. They have hydrophilically internal and external membrane surfaces, and can provide the wide scope for chemical modifications, in sharp contrast to carbon nanotubes. These unique properties make themselves as ideal candidates for a variety of applications in chemistry, biochemistry, materials science and medicine. Patenting the LNTs and PNTs is quite active recently. This mini-review provides a brief outline of patenting activity in synthesis of the LNTs and PNTs since 1980s. The key point of the present review aims to create an optimistic circulation between the basic research achievement and potential application of this sub-field of nanotechnology, promoting each other in their future development.
A novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain LLB6, isolated from bryophytes, and its new cry2Ac-type gene (2006)

This is the first report of B. thuringiensis strains isolated from bryophytes. It represents a specific source of new B. thuringiensis strains and is of great importance for the knowledge of the ecology of B. thuringiensis. Novel LLB6 harboring the new gene cry2Ac5 and its expressed Cry2Ac5 protein revealed activity against A. albopictus and became a new member of B. thuringiensis toxins.
Cell-Cell and Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interactions Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation (2007)

Cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a critical role in their physiology. Here, we sought to determine the role of exogenous and endogenous ECM in the differentiation of nonhuman primate ESCs. We evaluated cell differentiation from expression of lineage gene mRNA and proteins using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. We found that ESCs that attached to and spread upon highly adhesive collagen do not differentiate efficiently, whereas on the less adhesive Matrigel, ESCs form aggregates and differentiate along mesoderm and especially endoderm lineages. To further decrease ESC attachment to the substrate, we cultured them either on nonadhesive agarose or in suspension. In both cases, ESCs formed aggregates and efficiently differentiated along endoderm and mesoderm lineages, most strikingly into cardiomyocytes. Aggregates formed by thus-differentiated ESCs started to beat with a frequency of 50-100 beats per minute and continued to beat for approximately a month. In spite of the presence of exogenous ECM, ESCs were dependent on endogenous ECM for their survival and differentiation, as the inhibition of endogenous collagen induced a gradual loss of ESCs and neither a simple matrix, such as type I collagen, nor the complex matrix Matrigel was able to rescue these cells. In conclusion, adhesiveness to various ECM and nonbiological substrates determines the differentiation of ESCs in such a way that efficient cell-cell aggregation, together with less efficient cell attachment and spreading, results in more efficient cell differentiation.
The Recorder - Instrument of Torture or Instrument of Music? (1980)

The different viewpoints by which the recorder is interpreted, as an instrument of torture or as an instrument of music, are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of the recorder, the most popular and most used music instrument in music education are highlighted.
Synergistic effect of ethanol and cycloheximide on activation of freshly matured bovine oocytes (1994)

Bovine follicular oocytes were collected from ovarian antral follicles (2 to 7 mm in diameter) from slaughtered cattle. They were matured in vitro (IVM) for 23 to 24 h and then activated. In Experiment 1, 4 concentrations of ethanol were compared. The activation rates of oocytes were 4, 12, 36 and 27%, respectively, following exposure for 7 min to 0, 5, 7 and 10% ethanol. In Experiment 2, 7% ethanol was tested with exposure times of 0, 5, 7.5 and 10 min, and 6, 32, 27 and 33% of the oocytes were activated, respectively. In Experiment 3 the synergistic effect of ethanol and electric pulse was compared within 4 treatments: A) 7% ethanol alone, B) electric pulse alone, C) ethanol first and then electric pulse treatment, and D) electric pulse first followed by ethanol exposure. Of the oocytes activated, 37, 31, 28 and 51%, respectively, were from Treatments A through D. In Experiments 4 and 5 the possible synergistic effect of ethanol and a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, was studied within 4 treatments: A) parthenogenetic control with no activation treatment, B) ethanol alone, C) cycloheximide alone, and D) ethanol treatment followed by cycloheximide. The oocyte activation rates in Experiment 4 in Treatments A through D, respectively, were 9, 44, 43 and 84%. Corresponding values for development of oocytes to the 2 to 8-cell stage after culture for 3 d (Experiment 5) were 9, 20, 14 and 45%, respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, exposure to 7% ethanol for 5 min followed by incubation with cycloheximide was the best activation treatment for bovine IVM oocytes.
A fast rebinning algorithm for 3D positron emission tomography using John's equation (1999)

Volume imaging in positron emission tomography (PET) requires the inversion of the three-dimensional (3D) x-ray transform. The usual solution to this problem is based on 3D filtered-backprojection (FBP), but is slow. Alternative methods have been proposed which factor the 3D data into independent 2D data sets corresponding to the 2D Radon transforms of a stack of parallel slices. Each slice is then reconstructed using 2D FBP. These so-called rebinning methods are numerically efficient but are approximate. In this paper a new exact rebinning method is derived by exploiting the fact that the 3D x-ray transform of a function is the solution to the second-order partial differential equation first studied by John. The method is proposed for two sampling schemes, one corresponding to a pair of infinite plane detectors and another one corresponding to a cylindrical multi-ring PET scanner. The new FORE-J algorithm has been implemented for this latter geometry and was compared with the approximate Fourier rebinning algorithm FORE and with another exact rebinning algorithm, FOREX. Results with simulated data demonstrate a significant improvement in accuracy compared to FORE, while the reconstruction time is doubled. Compared to FOREX, the FORE-J algorithm is slightly less accurate but more than three times faster.
A SEQUENTIAL-DOSAGE FLUOROCARBON-ACTUATED MICROPUMP (2011)

This paper reports on a novel design for a skin-contact-activated micropump with a sequential dosage delivery profile. The device consists of five bonded layers of PDMS, a biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) transparency-film flap valve, and a silicon substrate, bonded together through plasma-induced surface activation. The pump actuation is based on the vapor pressure of a low-boiling-point fluorocarbon liquid (3M™ FC-3284); hence, heat application by skin contact triggers drug release. The incorporation of a stopping valve allows the micropump to maintain its pressure within the drug chamber when the heat source is removed, thus enabling sequential drug administration.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody panel shows that the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase, DMPK, is expressed almost exclusively in muscle and heart (2000)

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a multisystemic disorder caused by an inherited CTG repeat expansion which affects three genes encoding the DM protein kinase (DMPK), a homeobox protein Six5 and a protein containing WD repeats. Using a panel of 16 monoclonal antibodies against several different DMPK epitopes we detected DMPK, as a single protein of approximately 80 kDa, only in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and, to a lesser extent, smooth muscle. Many earlier reports of DMPK with different sizes and tissue distributions appear to be due to antibody cross-reactions with more abundant proteins. One such antibody, MANDM1, was used to isolate two related protein kinases, MRCK alpha and beta, from a human brain cDNA library and the shared epitope was located at the catalytic site of DMPK using a phage-displayed random peptide library. The peptide library also identified an epitope shared between DMPK and a 55 kDa muscle-specific protein. The results suggest that effects of the repeat expansion on the DMPK gene may be responsible for muscle and heart features of DM, whereas clinical changes in other tissues may be due to effects on the other two genes.
Handbook of advanced wastewater treatment. (1978)

Handbook of advanced wastewater treatment , Handbook of advanced wastewater treatment , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Denoising of range images using a trilateral filter and belief propagation (2011)

Two denoising techniques using reflectivity for noisy range images are proposed: range image smoothing by trilateral filter and range image inpainting by belief propagation. The trilateral filter makes use of reflectivity as well as spatial and intensity information so that geometric features, such as jump and roof edges, are preserved while smoothing. The range image inpainting technique based on belief propagation recovers a deteriorated range image using not only the adjacent range values but also the continuity of the reflectance image. We conduct simulations and experiments using synthesized images and actual range images taken by a laser scanner and verify that the proposed techniques suppress noise while preserving jump and roof edges and repair deteriorated range images.