gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Varying the Chain Length in <i>N</i><sup>4</sup>,<i>N</i><sup>9</sup>-Diacyl Spermines: Non-Viral Lipopolyamine Vectors for Efficient Plasmid DNA Formulation (2008)

The aims of this work are to study the effect of varying the chain length in synthesized N4,N9-diacyl spermines on DNA condensation and then to compare their transfection efficiencies in cell lines. The five novel N4,N9-diacyl lipopolyamines: N4,N9-[didecanoyl, dilauroyl, dimyristoyl, dimyristoleoyl, and dipalmitoyl]-1,12-diamino-4,9-diazadodecane were synthesized from the naturally occurring polyamine spermine. The abilities of these novel compounds to condense DNA and to form nanoparticles were studied using ethidium bromide fluorescence quenching and nanoparticle characterization techniques. Transfection efficiency was studied in FEK4 primary skin cells and in an immortalized cancer cell line (HtTA), and compared with a saturated (distearoyl) analogue and also with the non-liposomal transfection formulation Lipogen, N4,N9-dioleoyl-1,12-diamino-4,9-diazadodecane. By incorporating two aliphatic chains and changing their length in a stepwise manner, we show efficient circular plasmid DNA (pEGFP) formulation and transfection of primary skin and cancer cell lines. Two C14 chains (both saturated or both cis-monounsaturated) were efficient transfecting agents, even in the presence of serum, but they were too toxic. N4,N9-Dioleoyl spermine efficiently condenses pDNA and achieves the highest transfection levels with the highest cell viability among the studied lipopolyamines in cultured cells even in the presence of serum.
Direct virtual viewpoint synthesis from multiple viewpoints (2005)

This paper presents a novel approach for synthesizing intermediate or virtual viewpoints (VVs) of a 3D scene based on information from a number of known reference viewpoints (RVs). The proposed approach directly estimates the pixel value (and corresponding depth) for each pixel in the VV. This is contrast to the more traditional 2 stage approach of firstly building a full 3D or 2.5D model for the scene and then synthesising the desired VV. The potential advantage of this approach is that it works directly with the target virtual view and is hopefully less susceptible to the propagation of errors from the depth estimation stage to the interpolation stage.
Feasibility Study of Abrasive-Waterjet Milling of Fiber-Reinforced Plastics (1997)

Composite materials are ideal for structural applications where high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios are required. Currently, linear cutting of composite materials has been increasingly practiced in industry and milling will be an important technology for wider applications of the materials and the benefit of onestation operation integrating linear and surface machining. Abrasive waterjet is adequate for machining of composite materials thanks to minimum thermal or mechanical stresses induced. The present paper discusses the feasibility of milling of composite materials by abrasive waterjet; it studies the basic mechanism of chip formation, single-pass milling, double-pass milling followed by the repeatable surface generation by multiple-pass milling. The mechanisms of material removal-deformation wear and cutting wear are studied first. High volume removal rate as well as a neat surface are desired. The major parameters affecting material removal rate are hydraulic pressure, standoff distance, traverse rate and abrasive flow rate. Dimensional analysis shows these significant parameters in machining and the results are compared with the theory of material erosion. The single-pass milling tests of carbon/epoxy are then conducted. The milling characteristics determining the generation of an extended surface are depth, width and width-to-depth ratio. The following dimensional analysis constructs the correlation between parameters and the surface characteristics. Based on the results of single-pass milling tests, the paper discusses the double-pass milling specifically considering the effect of lateral feed increments. The study then extends to six-pass milling. The obtained surface roughness from the sixpass milling is expressed as a function of the width-to-depth ratio and the lateral increment. With the knowledge of the volume removal rate and the surface roughness as well as the effects of the major process parameters, one can proceed to design a milling operation by abrasive waterjet.
Dispersion and Electrophoretic Deposition of Titania Particles (2007)

The dispersion of titania particles in different solvents and doping of dispersants at different levels were studied. Results showed butanol is a good solvent and triethanolamine(TEA) is a good dispersant at 3wt% level for TiO2. Based on the dispersion results, titania coatings were prepared by electrophoretic deposition in organic solvents with addition of PEG and without. The deposition amount and the photocatalytic activity of titania coatings were investigated.
Variational Bayes for generalized autoregressive models (2002)

We describe a variational Bayes (VB) learning algorithm for generalized autoregressive (GAR) models. The noise is modeled as a mixture of Gaussians rather than the usual single Gaussian. This allows different data points to be associated with different noise levels and effectively provides robust estimation of AR coefficients. The VB framework is used to prevent overfitting and provides model-order selection criteria both for AR order and noise model order. We show that for the special case of Gaussian noise and uninformative priors on the noise and weight precisions, the VB framework reduces to the Bayesian evidence framework. The algorithm is applied to synthetic and real data with encouraging results.
Race detection for two-phase systems (1990)

The authors present RACE2, a tool to find latch race-through in two-phase, non-underlapped-clock systems. Though these systems can run at very high clock speeds, susceptibility to race-through has made them difficult to design. RACE2, by detecting all race-through violations, greatly reduces the design risk on these very fast systems. It combines the exhaustive search of a pattern-independent tool with a knowledge base of fundamental principles about when races are-and are not-important. Planned enhancements include detection of saved-state races, detection of charge-share races, improved robustness, and better pruning methods for faster worst-case runtimes. For pieces of a large two-phase full-custom chip, CPU execution times are in minutes, seconds on a VAX-8800. To date, RACE2 has found five races in the chip, all of which were undetected by design reviews and logic simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HIV-1 DNA based vaccine induces a CD8 mediated cross-clade CTL response. (1998)

Novel approaches for the generation of more effective vaccines for HIV-1 are of significant importance. In this report we analyse the immunogenicity and efficacy of a DNA vaccination approach in a chimpanzee model system. Three chimpanzees were vaccinated with DNA constructs which express the env, rev, gag and pol proteins. These animals developed specific cellular responses to these proteins, although the nature of the responses varied among the animals. We demonstrated that DNA vaccination led to a CD8 mediated killing of targets expressing the homologous clade B envelope as well as targets expressing heterologous clade E envelope. In addition seronegative individuals have been inoculated with a DNA construct which expresses the env, rev proteins. These studies serve as an important benchmark for the use of DNA vaccine technology for the production of protective immune responses.
Photoelectric response from a stilbazolium dye in a Langmuir–Blodgett film-modified SnO<sub>2</sub>electrode (1996)

Cathodic photocurrent generation from a stilbazolium dye [(CH3)2NC6H4—CHCH—C5H4NC18H37I (SI)] in a Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film-modified SnO2 electrode has been investigated. The action spectrum coincides very well with the absorption spectrum of the SI–SnO2 electrode, indicating that the SI aggregates in the LB film are responsible for the photocurrent. Factors such as the intensity of the irradiation, concentration of donor or acceptor in the electrolyte solution, bias voltage, pH and degree of saturation with O2 or N2, have been studied. The results indicate that the electrons flow from the electrode through the LB film to the electrolyte solution (1 mol dm–3 KCl). It is found that tautomerization of SI takes place in ethanol solvent under irradiation. The quantum yield is very small, but can be improved by adding acid to the solution. A possible mechanism of the tautomerization of SI and of the photocurrent generation has been proposed.
Network visualization : a review (2007)

As communication networks increase in performance and complexity, and more de-\npendence is placed upon them, it becomes ever more important that their behaviour\nis understood in an efficient and timely manner. Visualisation is an established tech-\nnique for the presentation of the vast volume of data yielded in monitoring such\nnetworks. It is apparent, however, that much of the work in this area has been per-\nformed in isolation, and it is timely that a review of this research is conducted. This\npaper surveys the techniques for the visualisation of communication networks and re-\nlated measurements. The research is classified by the type of visualisation used, and\nis separated into three classes: geographic visualisations, where the data is presented\nwith respect to the physical location of nodes in the network; abstract topological\nvisualisations, where the relationships between nodes are presented independently of physical location; and plot-based visualisation, where the focus is a single point in the\nnetwork, often presented with respect to time. The research in this area is reviewed\nand the techniques proposed are discussed in terms of the three classes.
[Effects of T4 monomer of Tripterygium wilfordii and artificial musk on experimental allergic neuritis]. (1994)

T4 monomer could reduce the clinical score of model rabbits of EAN and significantly ameliorated inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination. It was similar to dexamethasone. Although artificial musk had mild preventing and treating effects on the clinical and pathological changes of EAN, but was not statistically significant in comparing with control group. Our clinical or pathological data suggested that T4 monomer and dexamethasone were effective in the treatment of EAN, and that of artificial musk in preventing and treating EAN as indefinite.
Amplification of a Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Locus (pMCT118) by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Its Application to Forensic Science (1990)

A genetic locus (D1S58, defined by DNA probe pMCT118) that contains a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) has been successfully amplified from a very small amount of genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA sequence of the locus was determined and was found to consist of a 16-base consensus sequence and flanking sequences. Oligonucleotide primers complementary to the flanking sequences were synthesized to serve as primers for amplification of MCT118 by the PCR method. Human genomic DNA isolated from blood (2 ng from each sample) was successfully amplified at the MCT118 locus, and polymorphic bands were detectable by ethidium bromide staining after electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Determination of genotypes at this VNTR locus can now be routinely achieved within 24 h, without the need for Southern blots or radioactive materials. Furthermore, the small size (387 to 723 base pairs) of the DNA fragments produced in the PCR amplification permits good resolution of individual alleles that differ by only one repeat unit. The precise specification of the number of tandem repeats present in each allelic fragment is reproducible from one analysis to another.
Tracking of internal organ motion with a six degree-of-freedom MEMS sensor: concept and simulation study (2008)

This paper presents a wireless tracking system capable of measuring position and orientation about three orthogonal axes with a frequency bandwidth of 320 Hz. A real-time algorithm determines the six degree-of-freedom (6DOF) sensor posture, comprising the three components of dimensional position (heave, sway and surge) and the three components of rotational orientation (pitch, yaw and roll). An inertial algorithm has been simulated in software and tested in hardware. Techniques for sensor functionality and 3D manipulation are described within this paper. A miniaturized version of this sensor is thought to be ideal in applications requiring detection or tracking of tumour motion in radiation oncology.
<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and other related spirochetes bind to galactocerebroside (1992)

Spirochetes are agents of neurologic disease that may utilize specific neural cell surface molecules for adhesion. Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, bound to galactocerebroside (GalCer) in numbers that were two- to threefold greater than to ceramide and glucocerebroside, and four- to fivefold greater than to sphingosine, psychosine, sulfatide, cholesterol, and three membrane phospholipids. The adherence was greater to GalCer and ceramide with a higher content of alpha-hydroxyl fatty acids. Treponema phagedenis Reiter and Borrelia hermsii also bound to GalCer. The binding of B burgdorferi to GalCer was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by rabbit polyclonal and murine monoclonal antibodies to this glycosphingolipid component of myelin. The monoclonal antibody to GalCer also inhibited adhesion of the organisms to Schwann cells. Neither free D or L monosaccharides nor the lectin peanut agglutinin inhibited binding. Since B burgdorferi and other spirochetes cause neurologic disease, these results suggest a role for GalCer as a binding site in both the central and peripheral nervous systems.
SNARE complex‐mediated degranulation in mast cells (2011)

Mast cell function and dysregulation is important in the development and progression of allergic and autoimmune disease. Identifying novel proteins involved in mast cell function and disease progression is the first step in the design of new therapeutic strategies. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are a family of proteins demonstrated to mediate the transport and fusion of secretory vesicles to the membrane in mast cells, leading to the subsequent release of the vesicle cargo through an exocytotic mechanism. The functional role[s] of specific SNARE family member complexes in mast cell degranulation has not been fully elucidated. Here, we review recent and historical data on the expression, formation and localization of various SNARE proteins and their complexes in murine and human mast cells. We summarize the functional data identifying the key SNARE family members that appear to participate in mast cell degranulation. Furthermore, we discuss the utilization of RNA interference (RNAi) methods to validate SNARE function and the use of siRNA as a therapeutic approach to the treatment of inflammatory disease. These studies provide an overview of the specific SNARE proteins and complexes that serve as novel targets for the development of new therapies to treat allergic and autoimmune disease.
Finding objects in image databases by grouping (2002)

Retrieving images from very large collections, using image content as a key, is becoming an important problem. Finding objects in image databases is a big challenge in the field. The paper describes our approach to object recognition, which is distinguished by: a rich involvement of early visual primitives, including color and texture; hierarchical grouping and learning strategies in the classification process; the ability to deal with rather general objects in uncontrolled configurations and contexts. We illustrate these properties with three case studies: one demonstrating the use of color and texture descriptors; one learning scenery concepts using grouped features; and one demonstrating a possible application domain in detecting naked people in a scene.
Custom Nasal Septum Prosthesis Fabricated from a 3D‐Printed Working Model: A Clinical Report (2019)

This clinical report describes the treatment of a 47-year-old female patient with a nasal septum perforation. The treatment used a 2-piece magnetic custom prosthesis fabricated from a 3D-printed model. By using an existing medical CT scan to generate the printed working model, the number of clinical appointments was reduced. The workflow expanded the purpose of the radiologic images from simply diagnostic to include the prosthetic aspect of treatment.
Security system using biometric technology: Design and implementation of Voice Recognition System (VRS) (2008)

Biometric technology is fast gaining popularity as means of security measures to reduce cases of fraud and theft due to its use of physical characteristics and traits for the identification of individuals. The earliest methods of biometric identification included fingerprint and handwriting while more recent ones include iris/eye scan, face scan, voice print, and hand print. Biometric voice recognition and identification technology focuses on training the system to recognize an individual’s unique voice characteristics (i.e., their voice print). The technology lends itself well to a variety of uses and applications, including security access control for cell phones (to eliminate cell phone fraud), ATM manufacturers (to eliminate pin # fraud) and automobile manufacturers (to dramatically reduce theft and carjacking). In this paper, we present an implementation of a security system based on voice identification as the access control key. Verification algorithm is developed using MATLAB (SIMULINK) function blocks which is capable of authenticating a person’s identity by his or her voice pattern. A voice match will produce logic ‘1’ while a mismatch, logic ‘0’. A microcontroller circuit controlling access to a door is built to test the reliability of this voice controlled security system. It is found out that the developed voice recognition software has successfully activated the door opening mechanism using a voice command that ONLY works for the authenticated individual. The system is proven to be able to provide medium-security access control and also has an adjustable security level setting to account for the variations in one’s voice each time a voice identification occurs.
The Large Groove Found in the gH/gL Structure Is an Important Functional Domain for Epstein-Barr Virus Fusion (2013)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mediates viral entry into cells using four glycoproteins-gB, the gH/gL complex, and gp42-and fusion is cell type specific. gB and gH/gL are required for epithelial cell fusion; B cell fusion also requires gp42. To investigate functional domains within the gH/gL structure, we constructed site-directed EBV gH/gL mutants with alterations of residues located in a large groove that separates domain I (D-I) from domain II (D-II) within the gH/gL structure. We found that substitution of alanine for leucine 207 reduces both epithelial and B cell fusion and is accompanied by reduced gp42 binding. We also observed that substitution of alanine for arginine 152, histidine 154, or threonine 174 reduces fusion with epithelial cells but not with B cells. To test whether flexibility of the region between D-I and D-II of gH/gL could be important for membrane fusion activity and to allow potential interactions across the D-I/D-II groove, we mutated D-I amino acids V47, P48, and G49 to cysteine, allowing novel intersubunit disulfide bonds to form with the free C153 located in D-II. We found that the G49C mutant, predicted to bridge D-I and D-II with C153 of gH/gL, had normal B cell fusion activity but reduced epithelial cell fusion activity, which was partially restored by treatment with dithiothreitol. We conclude that structural rearrangements and/or interactions across the D-I/D-II groove of gH/gL are required for fusion with epithelial cells but not for fusion with B cells.
The development of iHARP: a multiple instruction issue processor chip (1991)

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Erythropoietic Stimulating Agents and Quality of a Patient’s Life (2012)

Erythropoietic stimulating agents (ESAs) such as erythropoietin have been used for decades to treat the anemia of CKD. Clinical practice guidelines suggest target hemoglobin levels >10 g/dl, and average Hb levels have risen from 9.6 to 12.0 g/dl. Several studies have shown trends for higher mortality and myocardial infarction, higher BP, increased vascular access thrombosis, and strokes in patients treated to target Hb ≥13 g/dl. Patients with profound anemia suffer from symptoms of fatigue, poor energy, weakness, and shortness of breath. Such symptoms reported directly by patients, or patient-reported outcomes (PROs), may be a valuable tool to target ESA treatment in anemic CKD patients. Studies show that improvements in anemia correlate with improvements in these PRO domains in some individuals. We propose that instead of Hb targets for all patients, treatment of anemia should be directed toward improving the areas of patient-perceived quality of life most affected by anemia. PROs can be used by individual patients to prioritize the risks and benefits of ESA treatment. Patients, along with their physicians, can examine Hb level in the context of patients' perception of their quality of life and use ESAs judiciously to improve these perceptions.
A sketch-based interface for remote robot control on an online video screen (2013)

This research proposes an interface method to make a connection between a mobile device, such as a smart phone or a smart pad, and the real world we live in. The robot is only used as a medium between the mobile device and the real world. To make for intuitive and easy interaction, we designed a sketch-based interface, using a touch-panel mobile device.