gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid hormone--possible future drug for orthopedic surgery. (2004)

Parathyroid hormone naturally secreted by the parathyroid glands is a potent anabolic agent for bone. Parathyroid hormone is primarily thought of as a catabolic protein involved in the physiologic release of calcium from bone. Whereas during recent years, a number of animal studies and clinical trials have demonstrated that intermittent parathyroid hormone administration induces anabolic effects on both cancellous and cortical bone, enhances bone mass and increases mechanical strength of the bones. Most of the studies, both animal and human, have addressed the treatment of osteoporosis and parathyroid hormone represents an important new advance in the therapy of osteoporosis. Few studies have investigated the effect of intermittent parathyroid hormone treatment in the field of orthopedics on fracture healing and fixation of orthopedic implants. The results of those studies indicated an enhancement of fracture healing, faster bone repair and better fixation of the implant. Recently there were few animal studies started to investigate the effects of parathyroid hormone treatment on bone formation in regenerated and surrounding bone of distracted callus during limb lengthening. Distraction osteogenesis is a technique for bone lengthening that is widely used clinically and experimentally. Newly forming bone during distraction osteogenesis is expected to be an appropriate pattern for parathyroid hormone anabolic effect. Preclinical studies as well as clinical trials suggest that parathyroid hormone might be useful as a stimulator of bone formation whereas a lot of questions regarding parathyroid hormone therapy remain unanswered and require further experimental studies and investigations.
분산 및 병렬처리 : 로버스트 추정을 이용한 다중 프로세서에서의 데이터 통신 예측 모델 (2005)

본 논문에서는 최소제곱 추정기법과 로버스트 추정기법을 사용하여 다중 프로세서 시스템에서의 데이터 통신의 빈도를 모델링하는 방법을 제안한다. 몇 가지의 서로 다른 크기의 작은 입력 데이터들을 작업부하 프로그램에 부과하여 그때마다의 통신 빈도를 측정하고, 이 측정된 값 들에 두 가지 통계적 추정기법을 순차적으로 적용함으로써 통신 빈도를 정확히 예측할 수 있는 모델을 구축하는 방법이다. 이 모델링 기법은 작업부하나 목표시스템의 구조적인 사양에 무관하게 입력 데이터의 크기에만 의존하므로 다양한 작업부하와 목표시스템에 대하여 그대로 적용 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 또한 목표시스템에서 작업부하의 알고리즘적 동적특성이 수학적인 공식으로 반영되므로 데이터 통신이외의 성능 데이터를 모델링하는 데에도 적용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 다중 프로세서인 공유메모리 시스템에서 데이터 통신을 유발하는 핵심 요소인 캐시접근실패의 빈도에 대한 모델을 구하였으며, 12번의 실험 중 5번의 경우에는 1% 미만, 나머지 경우에는 3% 내외의 대단히 정확한 예측 오차율을 보였다.
Signature Evaluation for Thermal Infrared Countermine and IED Detection Systems (2007)

A high-resolution, computational suite has been constructed to produce synthetic thermal imagery of vegetated soil surfaces with landmines or other targets. The imagery is created by coupling models for the ground, vegetation, ray casting, and sensor characteristics to produce realistic thermal infrared simulated imagery. These simulations provide information ranging from simple temperature contrasts to high-resolution images comparable to actual sensor images that can be used to evaluate or train automatic target recognition (ATR) systems. Analyses of the ATR results allow development of recommendations for optimal sensing strategies and additional training to improve ATR performance. The modeling and characterization occurs at the centimeter scale, which requires massively parallel computational resources to meet the demands of the simulation. The models run simultaneously on a single, parallel, or serial computer and communicate using sockets or files. The soil model is a three-dimensional, spatially adaptive, continuous Galerkin, finite element model that simulates partially-saturated flow and heat transport, coupled to two-dimensional surface water flow. The vegetation model simulates infrared absorption, reflection, and transmission by discretized plant leaves and stems. Ray casting provides boundary conditions for the soil and vegetation thermal models, and produces multi-spectral images of energy reflected and emitted from the synthetic scene. Subsurface phase change, distributed root zone moisture uptake and transpiration, and flow through macro pores and cracks are processes under construction. The parallelization of the individual testbed components is relatively straight-forward. The central difficulty in achieving acceptable performance for the computational testbed in a parallel computing environment is the sequencing of data transfers between components. Example calculations to be presented include a multi-million element simulation for an arid test site that is only a few meters in its longest dimension. The models are driven with meteorological data and are built using material property data collected at the field site. Synthetic images produced are compared against those from thermal cameras. A long-term goal of this work is to help build parameter estimation software to infer ground state information (soil moisture and physical property distributions) from airborne imagery.
Selective-Area Atomic Layer Deposition Using Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) as a Passivation Layer (2009)

Selective-area atomic layer deposition (ALD) was studied using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) films as growth-preventing mask layers. The PVP films were prepared by spin coating and patterned by UV lithography. The PVP films were tested in several ALD processes: iridium, platinum, ruthenium, , and . The deposition temperatures were . In general, the PVP film passivated the surface against the noble metal processes, but the oxide films grew on PVP. However, the oxide films did not grow through the PVP film on the substrate surface and, therefore, the films could still be patterned, though with more of a lift-off method rather than with pure selective-area ALD.
Low drive voltage Fabry-Pérot étalon device tunable filters using poled hybrid sol-gel materials (2006)

Nonlinear optical chromophore coupled hybrid sol-gel materials have been synthesized and incorporated in Fabry-Pérot étalon devices (ED’s) using highly reflective distributed Bragg reflector mirrors. Étalon structures with indium tin oxide electrodes outside the ED cavity have been applied to reduce absorptive loss. Large tunability (∼0.75nm∕V), high finesse (∼235), and wide tunable range (&gt;50nm) have been obtained. A transmitted light intensity isolation ratio of ∼35dB at ∼1550nm has been achieved at a low drive voltage of 10V. The electro-optic effect and inverse piezoelectric effect are discussed. The results indicate that such hybrid sol-gel ED’s are promising candidates for tunable filters in wavelength division multiplexing communication systems.
863. Expression and Secretion of Human Glucocerebrosidase Mediated by Recombinant Lentivirus Vectors In Vitro and In Vivo (2004)

Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase (GC). Most research on gene therapy for Gaucher disease has centered on ex vivo transduction of hematopoietic stem cells by retroviral vectors. In this study, we showed that vascular and hepatic delivery of a HIV-1 based recombinant lentivirus vector encoding human GC cDNA produced therapeutic levels of GC protein.Human cell lines and Gaucher fibroblasts were transduced at 10-50 multiplicity of infection (MOI) of lenti-EF-GC or lenti-CMV-GC. In vivo experiments were carried out in C57BL/6J mice by intravenous and intraportal injection with 1-5 107 transducing unit (TU) of lenti-EF-GC. Cells and tissues were assayed for GC activity. A high level of expression of GC was produced in cultured fibroblasts derived from patients with Gaucher disease by transducing the cells with lentivirus vectors. GC secreted by transduced fibroblasts was taken up by adjacent GC-deficient cells by endocytosis. Intraportal administration of recombinant lenti-EF-GC vector was resulted in efficient transduction of hepatic cells and expression of the GC. Vascular delivery of vector resulted in high levels of GC expression in liver, spleen, heart, lung, and bone marrow cells in mice that persisted in most organs over the four months. No significant abnormalities were found attributable to recombinant lentivirus vectors in any of the tissues examined. Recombinant lentivirus vector-mediated gene transfer appears to be effective and safe. This study represents an initial step toward gene transfer using recombinant lentivirus vectors for treatment of Gaucher disease.
2.2 A fully integrated reconfigurable wideband envelope-tracking SoC for high-bandwidth WLAN applications in a 28nm CMOS technology (2017)

Envelope tracking (ET) has become popular for enhancing battery life in mobile communication devices that employ high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) signals. Most of the published ET systems have focused either on narrow-bandwidth standards, 20MHz WLAN, or LTE [1-3]. However, as the demand for higher bandwidths and data-rates increases, so does the need for wideband ET solutions. Furthermore, to support modulations with different PAPR and transmit powers, the PA will likely require seamless switching between a continuous ET mode and a fixed-supply mode (as with a low drop-out regulator, i.e. a LDO). Hence, fast reconfigurability is needed, which most published ET systems lack. This paper describes a fully integrated, reconfigurable WLAN ET system with digital baseband in a 28nm CMOS technology for bandwidths up to 40MHz. The ET modulator directly interfaces with a battery (Vbat) and is fully integrated within a complete WLAN transceiver with RF, digital, and frequency synthesizer circuitry.
PT-spike: a precise-time-dependent single spike neuromorphic architecture with efficient supervised learning (2018)

One of the most exciting advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) over the last decade is the wide adoption of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), such as Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), in real world applications. However, the underlying massive amounts of computation and storage requirement greatly challenge their applicability in resource-limited platforms like drone, mobile phone and IoT devices etc. The third generation of neural network model-Spiking Neural Network (SNN), inspired by the working mechanism and efficiency of human brain, has emerged as a promising solution for achieving more impressive computing and power efficiency within light-weighted devices (e.g. single chip). However, the relevant research activities have been narrowly carried out on conventional rate-based spiking system designs for fulfilling the practical cognitive tasks, underestimating SNN's energy efficiency, throughput and system flexibility. Although the time-based SNN can be more attractive conceptually, its potentials are not unleashed in realistic applications due to lack of efficient coding and practical learning schemes. In this work, a Precise-Time-Dependent Single Spike Neuromorphic Architecture, namely PT-Spike, is developed to bridge this gap. Three constituent hardware-favorable techniques: precise single-spike temporal encoding, efficient supervised temporal learning and fast asymmetric decoding are proposed accordingly to boost the energy efficiency and data processing capability of the time-based SNN at a more compact neural network model size when executing real cognitive tasks. Simulation results show that PT-Spike demonstrates significant improvements in network size, processing efficiency and power consumption with marginal classification accuracy degradation, when compared with the rate-based SNN and ANN under the similar network configuration.
Engineering of variable length optical needle based on uniform line source antenna (2016)

A flexible method is presented to generate an arbitrary length optical needle with high purely longitudinal polarization and consistent beam size (~0.36λ) over flattop range. By reversing the field radiated from a uniform line source, for which the electric current is constant along its extent, situated at the focus of the 4Pi focusing system formed by two confocal high-NA objective lenses, the required illumination distribution at the pupil plane for creating optical needle field can be obtained. Numerical results show that the length of light needle field is determined by the length of uniform line source. The optical needle created by this method might found potential applications in particle acceleration, microscopy, and optical trapping.
Word Emdeddings through Hellinger PCA (2013)

Word embeddings resulting from neural language models have been shown to be successful for a large variety of NLP tasks. However, such architecture might be difficult to train and time-consuming. Instead, we propose to drastically simplify the word embeddings computation through a Hellinger PCA of the word co-occurence matrix. We compare those new word embeddings with some well-known embeddings on NER and movie review tasks and show that we can reach similar or even better performance. Although deep learning is not really necessary for generating good word embeddings, we show that it can provide an easy way to adapt embeddings to specific tasks.
Performance Prediction of Graphene-Channel Field-Effect Transistors (2009)

We compare the threshold voltage and subthreshold-slope characteristics as measures of short-channel effects (SCEs) for graphene-channel field-effect transistors (GFETs) with wide bilayer armchair-graphene film with those for ultrathin-body silicon-on-insulator (UTB-SOI) MOSFETs using a drift-diffusion-based device simulator. The intrinsic delay times for GFETs are also compared with those for UTB-SOI MOSFETs.
An integrated source/mask/DSA optimization approach (2016)

The introduction of DSA for lithography is still obstructed by a number of technical issues including the lack of a comprehensive computational platform. This work presents a direct source/mask/DSA optimization (SMDSAO) method, which incorporates standard lithographic metrics and figures of merit such as the maximization of process windows. The procedure is demonstrated for a contact doubling example, assuming grapho-epitaxy-DSA. To retain a feasible runtime, a geometry-based Interface Hamiltonian DSA model is employed. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated through several results and their comparison with more rigorous DSA models.
Viewpoints on the History of Digital Synthesis (1991)

Algorithm --------------------- VCO,VCA,VCF Some Music V Original FM Feedback FM Waveshaping Phase Distortion Karplus-Strong Figure 2: A taxonomy of digital synthesis techniques. Derivative techniques such as granular synthesis are yielding significant new colors for the sonic palette. It can be argued also that spectral-modeling and wavelet-based synthesis are sampling methods with powerful transformation capabilities in the frequency domain. &quot;Wavetable T&quot; denotes time-domain wavetable synthesis; this is the classic technique in which an arbitrary waveshape stored in memory is repeatedly read to create a periodic sound. The original Music V oscillator supported this synthesis type, and to approximate a real (periodic) instrument tone, one could snip out a period of a recorded sound and load the table with it. The oscillator output is invariably multiplied by an amplitude envelope. Of course, we quickly discovered that we also needed vibrato, and it often helped to add sever...
The automated generation of test cases for compilers (1994)

Abstract The testing of a compiler is a difficult process, since often a very high quality product is expected by the user, particularly with respect to the compiler's correctness. This paper seeks to review the main methods that have been proposed for the automation of part of this process, using the automatic generation of test cases and the automatic checking of the results. It then summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the general approach and highlights several areas for further research.
Remote techniques for counting and estimating the number of bird–wind turbine collisions at sea: a review (2006)

Since the early 1990s, marine wind farms have become a reality, with at least 13 000 offshore wind turbines currently proposed in European waters. There are public concerns that these man‐made structures will have a significant negative impact on the many bird populations migrating and wintering at sea. We assess the degree of usefulness and the limitations of different remote technologies for studying bird behaviour in relation to bird–turbine collisions at offshore wind farms. Radar is one of the more powerful tools available to describe the movement of birds in three‐dimensional space. Although radar cannot measure bird–turbine collisions directly, it offers the opportunity to quantify input data for collision models. Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS) is an infra red‐based technology developed as a means of gathering highly specific information about actual collision rates, and also for parameterizing predictive collision models. TADS can provide information on avoidance behaviour of birds in close proximity to turbine rotor‐blades, flock size and flight altitude. This review also assesses the potential of other (some as yet undeveloped) techniques for collecting information on bird flight and behaviour, both pre‐ and post‐construction of the offshore wind farms. These include the use of ordinary video surveillance equipment, microphone systems, laser range finder, ceilometers and pressure sensors.
Robotic techniques for upper limb evaluation and rehabilitation of stroke patients (2005)

This paper presents two robot devices for use in the rehabilitation of upper limb movements and reports the quantitative parameters obtained to characterize the rate of improvement, thus allowing a precise monitoring of patient's recovery. A one degree of freedom (DoF) wrist manipulator and a two-DoF elbow-shoulder manipulator were designed using an admittance control strategy; if the patient could not move the handle, the devices completed the motor task. Two groups of chronic post-stroke patients (G1 n = 7, and G2 n = 9) were enrolled in a three week rehabilitation program including standard physical therapy (45 min daily) plus treatment by means of robot devices, respectively, for wrist and elbow-shoulder movements (40 min, twice daily). Both groups were evaluated by means of standard clinical assessment scales and a new robot measured evaluation metrics that included an active movement index quantifying the patient's ability to execute the assigned motor task without robot assistance, the mean velocity, and a movement accuracy index measuring the distance of the executed path from the theoretic one. After treatment, both groups improved their motor deficit and disability. In G1, there was a significant change in the clinical scale values (p < 0.05) and range of motion wrist extension (p < 0.02). G2 showed a significant change in clinical scales (p < 0.01), in strength (p < 0.05) and in the robot measured parameters (p < 0.01). The relationship between robot measured parameters and the clinical assessment scales showed a moderate and significant correlation (r > 0.53 p < 0.03). Our findings suggest that robot-aided neurorehabilitation may improve the motor outcome and disability of chronic post-stroke patients. The new robot measured parameters may provide useful information about the course of treatment and its effectiveness at discharge.
Optimum quantization of laplace density signal and its characteristics (1984)

Abstract The distribution of prediction error at DPCM coding of audio or video signals can be approximated closely by Laplace distribution which, therefore, has been used widely for the determination of the quantization characteristics. The procedure for the practical determination of the quantizing characteristics for a given number of quantization levels, however, relies basically on the approximation methods chosen. Thus, considerable inconvenience is experienced during the theoretical analysis of the various characteristics corresponding to the different coding systems. In this paper, the optimum (Lloyd‐Max) quantization of Laplace density signals is considered and a recursive formula for the determination of the optimum quantization interval has been derived to show that the optimum quantization noise power is given as s min 2/4 (s min is the minimum quantization interval length) when the number of the quantization levels is sufficiently large. Furthermore, the optimum quantization intervals (steps) have been determined by a digital computer with an accuracy of 8 digits and compared with the results of known approximations.
Silaindacenodithiophene‐Based Low Band Gap Polymers – The Effect of Fluorine Substitution on Device Performances and Film Morphologies (2012)

Abstract Silaindacenodithiophene is copolymerized with benzo[ c ][1,2,5]thiadiazole ( BT ) and 4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[ c ][1,2,5]thiadiazole ( DTBT ), respectively their fluorinated counter parts 5,6‐difluorobenzo[ c ][1,2,5]thiadiazole ( 2FBT ) and 5,6‐difluoro‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl) benzo[ c ][1,2,5]thiadiazole ( 2FDTBT ). The influence of the thienyl spacers and fluorine atoms on molecular packing and active layer morphology is investigated with regard to device performances. bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on silaindacenodithiophene donor‐acceptor polymers achieved PCE's of 4.5% and hole mobilities of as high as 0.28 cm 2 /(V s) are achieved in an organic field‐effect transistor (OFET).
Miss rate prediction across all program inputs (2004)

Improving cache performance requires understanding cache behavior. However, measuring cache performance for one or two data input sets provides little insight into how cache behavior varies across all data input sets. We use our recently published locality analysis to generate a parameterized model of program cache behavior. Given a cache size and associativity, this model predicts the miss rate for arbitrary data input set sizes. This model also identifies critical data input sizes where cache behavior exhibits marked changes. Experiments show this technique is within 2% of the hit rate for set associative caches on a set of integer and floating-point programs.
Cartilage Healing After Microfracture in Osteoarthritic Knees (2006)

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Mechanism of the Acid-catalyzed Hydrolysis of Reissert Compounds (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the Acid-catalyzed Hydrolysis of Reissert CompoundsR. Lynn Cobb and William E. McEwenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 19, 5042–5048Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01624a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01624a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views307Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts