gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alterations in Cerebral Metabolic Rate and Blood Supply across the Adult Lifespan (2010)

With age, the brain undergoes comprehensive changes in its function and physiology. Cerebral metabolism and blood supply are among the key physiologic processes supporting the daily function of the brain and may play an important role in age-related cognitive decline. Using MRI, it is now possible to make quantitative assessment of these parameters in a noninvasive manner. In the present study, we concurrently measured cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and venous blood oxygenation in a well-characterized healthy adult cohort from 20 to 89 years old (N = 232). Our data showed that CMRO(2) increased significantly with age, while CBF decreased with age. This combination of higher demand and diminished supply resulted in a reduction of venous blood oxygenation with age. Regional CBF was also determined, and it was found that the spatial pattern of CBF decline was heterogeneous across the brain with prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, and caudate being the most affected regions. Aside from the resting state parameters, the blood vessels' ability to dilate, measured by cerebrovascular reactivity to 5% CO(2) inhalation, was assessed and was reduced with age, the extent of which was more prominent than that of the resting state CBF.
Fuzzy rule extraction for shooting action controller of soccer robot (1999)

A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for shooting action is proposed which is one of the fundamental actions for soccer robots. Shooting action is viewed as a posture control problem with such a constraint that the robot should not approach the ball so that the ball moves to the home team area. The FLC consists of two levels: one is the planner level that generates a path to the ball with obstacle avoidance. The other is the motion control level that outputs robot wheel velocities to follow the desired path given the robot's current posture. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by the real experiments.
Introduction (2003)

This introductory chapter begins with a brief description of the purpose of the book, which is to explore some of the complexities and contradictions in relations between men and women, and among women themselves, over the century and a half from the accession of Elizabeth in 1558 to the end of the Stuart line in 1714. It then discusses the intellectual and structural foundations of male domination, and women's response to patriarchy.
"I Prefer Contact This Close": Perceptions of AAC by People with Motor Neurone Disease and their Communication Partners (2004)

In this paper are the findings of a 3-year research project into communication between 15 people with Motor Neurone Disease (MND) and their closest communication partners, as the disease progressed. Data were collected through video recordings, narratives, and field notes. The purpose of the communication and the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) according to the perceptions of people with MND and their partners were examined. For the people in this study, it appeared that AAC was less successful than anticipated. The participants gave a number of reasons, which were interpreted by the researcher to include (a) the need for social closeness, which may not be possible when using a device; and (b) the complexity of learning how to use a high technology device combined with inadequate training. Both theoretical and practical issues are raised for professionals who work with and provide services to families with MND.
Chemokine-mediated recruitment of NK cells is a critical host defense mechanism in invasive aspergillosis (2003)

Invasive aspergillosis is a severe pneumonia that is usually fatal despite currently available therapy. The disease disproportionately afflicts immunocompromised patients, indicating the critical importance of the immune status of the host in this infection, but the defense mechanisms against this pathogen remain incompletely understood. In the current study, we hypothesized that the chemokine ligand monocyte chemotactic protein-1, also designated CC chemokine ligand-2 (MCP-1/CCL2) is necessary for effective host defense against invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts. We found a rapid and marked induction of MCP-1/CCL2 in the lungs of neutropenic mice with invasive aspergillosis. Neutralizing MCP-1/CCL2 resulted in twofold greater mortality and greater than threefold increase in pathogen burden in the lungs. Neutralization of MCP-1/CCL2 also resulted in reduced recruitment of NK cells to the lungs at early time points, but did not affect the number of other leukocyte effector cells in the lungs. Ab-mediated depletion of NK cells similarly resulted in impaired defenses against the infection, resulting in a greater than twofold increase in mortality and impaired clearance of the pathogen from the lungs. These data establish MCP-1/CCL2-mediated recruitment of NK cells to the lungs as a critical early host defense mechanism in invasive aspergillosis and demonstrate NK cells to be an important and previously unrecognized effector cell in this infection.
Textual Analysis for Online Reviews: A Polymerization Topic Sentiment Model (2019)

More and more e-commerce companies realize the importance of analyzing the online reviews of their products. It is believed that online review has a significant impact on the shaping product brand and sales promotion. In this paper, we proposed a polymerization topic sentiment model (PTSM) to conduct textual analysis for online reviews. We applied this model to extract and filter the sentiment information from online reviews. Through integrating this model with machine learning methods, the results showed that the prediction accuracy had improved. Also, the experimental results showed that filtering sentiment topics hidden in the reviews are more important in influencing sales prediction, and the PTSM is more precise than other methods. The findings of this paper contribute to the knowledge that filtering the sentiment topics of online reviews could improve the prediction accuracy. Also, it could be applied by e-commerce practitioners as a new technique to conduct analyses of online reviews.
3-dimensional simulations of temperature and current density distribution in a via structure (1992)

The influence of geometry (overlap, step coverage, filling ratio), and filling material on temperature and current density distributions in via structures of different forms and technologies simulated with the finite element method program ANSYS was studied. Vias of square, circular, and oval forms were investigated. The influence of via filling was observed. Reduction of current crowding and self-heating effects were found for the tungsten-filled via. Critical parameters for the filling materials were determined. Local temperature and current density distributions are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polynitrocubanes: Advanced High-Density, High-Energy Materials (2000)

More powerful and less shock-sensitive explosives are continually being sought for both military and commercial use. Here the qualities a potential candidate must possess to make a good explosive are detailed, and the synthesis of octanitrocubane—a very promising candidate—is described. The physical properties of the nitrocubanes synthesized are also summarized and a proposal for the future is made.
Immune reactivity of cow‐asthmatic dairy farmers to the major allergen of cow (BDA20) and to other cow‐derived proteins. The use of purified BDA20 increases the performance of diagnostic tests in respiratory cow allergy (1996)

These findings suggest that purified BDA20 is better than BEA for diagnosing cow asthma and that proteins associated with milk allergy are of only marginal significance in this disease.
Deterministic Crash Recovery for NAND Flash Based Storage Systems (2014)

NAND flash memory has long been the dominant storage medium in mobile devices. However, power failure may occur at any time and result in loss of important data. Crash recovery therefore becomes vitally important in NAND flash memory storage systems. As flash translation layer (FTL) directly manages flash memory using various metadata, the problem of FTL crash recovery in NAND flash is how to efficiently and effectively maintain and recover the consistency of FTL metadata after system crash.
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Laser-Assisted Lipoplasty with Suction-Assisted Lipoplasty (2006)

No major clinical differences for suction-assisted lipoplasty versus laser-assisted lipoplasty were found. Higher concentrations of free-fatty acids after laser-assisted lipoplasty must alert us to possible hepatic and renal toxicity.
Regenerative braking device (2023)

Disclosed are several embodiments of a regenerative braking device for an automotive vehicle. The device includes a plurality of rubber rollers (24, 26) mounted for rotation between an input shaft (14) connectable to the vehicle drivetrain and an output shaft (16) which is drivingly connected to the input shaft by a variable ratio transmission (20). When the transmission ratio is such that the input shaft rotates faster than the output shaft, the rubber rollers are torsionally stressed to accumulate energy, thereby slowing the vehicle. When the transmission ratio is such that the output shaft rotates faster than the input shaft, the rubber rollers are torsionally relaxed to deliver accumulated energy, thereby accelerating or driving the vehicle.
Anti-inflammatory activity of gossypin of bioflavonoid isolated from Hibiscus vitifolius Linn (1978)

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The anti-inflammatory activity of gossypin has been studied in comparison with the standard nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent phenylbutazone against various experimental models of inflammation and increased vascular permeability. It was found to significantly reduce the rat paw , oedema and the increased vascular permeability induced by various phlogistic agents. It produced significant inhibition of the accumulation of pouch fluid and granulation tissue formation in the carrageenin induced granuloma pouch in rats which could be attributed to the decreased formation of collagen tissue. The migration of leucocytes and the formation of pleural exudates were also significantly reduced after pretreatment with gossypin in carrageenin and turpentine induced pleurisy in rats. It was also found effective against the adjuvant and formalin induced chronic arthritis in rats. Though it was less potent as compared to pheoylbutazone, it possessed a greater margin of safety as evident from the acute toxicity studies
Preparation of vinylpyridine irradiation‐grafted poly(4‐methyl‐pentene‐1) membrane for oxygen enrichment (1986)

Abstract By adjusting the casting conditions, the oxygen permeabilities of poly(4‐methyl‐pentene‐1) (TPX) membranes prepared in this study are in the range of 2.91–7.14 × 10 −9 cm 3 (STP) cm/cm 2 s cm Hg and permeability ratio of O 2 /N 2 between 2.7 and 4.4. To increase O 2 N 2 selectivity, the vinylpyridine is γ‐ray irradiation‐grafted onto the substrate–TPX membrane. The factors that affect the structure and performance of the grafted membrane considered are: tightness of substrate, kind of solvent for grafting monomers, irradiation conditions, total irradiation dose, and operating temperature and pressure. The O 2 /N 2 selectivities of grafted TPX membranes are significantly improved comparing to that of nongrafted TPX membranes. For example, an O 2 permeability of 35.6 × 10 −10 cm 3 (STP) cm/cm 2 s cm Hg and an O 2 /N 2 permeability ratio of 7.5 for the grafted membrane can be obtained.
Is the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy Greater in Non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican Americans Than in Non-Hispanic Whites With Type 2 Diabetes?: A U.S. population study (1998)

The prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy is greater in non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes in the U.S. population than in non-Hispanic whites. For blacks, this can be attributed to their higher levels of risk factors for retinopathy, but the excess risk in Mexican Americans is unexplained.
Properties of Mn-Al-C magnets prepared by spark erosion and other rapid solidification techniques (1984)

Mn–Al–C was prepared as fine powder by reactive spark erosion and by gas-water atomization, and in ribbon form by melt spinning. After optimum annealing, coercivities of spark-eroded particles were higher than those of commercial extruded magnets, but moments were lower. High-field moments of the atomized particles and melt-spun ribbons were comparable to those of the extruded magnets, but coercivities and remanences were lower. Differences in the microstructure and phase kinetics among the various Mn–Al–C materials were also substantial.
Semantic analytics on social networks (2006)

In this paper, we describe a Semantic Web application that detects Conflict of Interest (COI) relationships among potential reviewers and authors of scientific papers. This application discovers various 'semantic associations' between the reviewers and authors in a populated ontology to determine a degree of Conflict of Interest. This ontology was created by integrating entities and relationships from two social networks, namely "knows," from a FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend) social network and "co-author," from the underlying co-authorship network of the DBLP bibliography. We describe our experiences developing this application in the context of a class of Semantic Web applications, which have important research and engineering challenges in common. In addition, we present an evaluation of our approach for real-life COI detection.
A fault tolerant tightly coupled multiprocessor architecture based on stable transactional memory (1990)

Traditionally, tightly coupled multiprocessors allow data sharing between multiple caches by keeping cached copies of memory blocks coherent with respect to shared memory. This is difficult to achieve in a fault tolerant environment due to the need to save global checkpoints in shared memory from where consistent cache states can be recovered after a failure. The architecture presented in this report solves this problem by encapsulating the memory modifications done by a process into an atomic transaction. Caches record dependencies between the transactions associated with processes modifying the same memory blocks. Dependent transactions may then be atomically committed. Such an operation requires a cache coherence protocol responsible for recording process dependencies as well as keeping coherent cached copies of blocks and a shared stable transactional memory owing to which all memory updates are atomic to allow recovery after a processor failure. This report also presents potential performance for this architecture the data for which was obtained through simulation.
Studies on Fungicides. V (1963)

Thiocyanatopyrimidines were prepared by the application of thiocyanate to halopyrimidines (method A) or by the application of cyanogen bromide to mercaptopyrimidines (method B). 3-Thiocyanato-2, 5-dimethylpyrazine and 3-ethoxycarbonylthio-2, 5-dimethyl-pyrazine were synthesized. Antifungal activity of these novel compounds was examined and relationship between their structure and antifungal activity was discussed.
Carrageenan-induced intestinal injury: possible role of oxygen free radicals. (1991)

There is a growing body of evidence that implicates oxygen free radicals in a wide variety of inflammatory conditions in various body systems including the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether or not oxy-radicals play a role in carrageenan-mediated intestinal injury. Allopurinol, superoxide dismutase-polyethylene glycol, and dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively, were administered to the carrageenan rat model for 30 to 32 days. Collectively, all three drugs attenuated the carrageenan-mediated injury as shown by four indices of intestinal damage: ulceration (p = 0.0007); abnormal villous pattern (p = 0.0002); degree of inflammation (p = 0.0001); and extent of inflammation (p = 0.0025). Dimethyl sulfoxide appeared to be the least efficacious of the three drugs. The results suggest that oxygen free radicals play a role in carrageenan-mediated intestinal injury, and that one of the sources of these oxy-radicals may be the intestinal macrophage.
Genetic evidence for a common pathway mediating oxidative stress, inflammatory gene induction, and aortic fatty streak formation in mice. (1994)

In a previous survey of inbred mouse strains on an atherogenic diet, we observed that the susceptibility to aortic atherosclerotic lesion formation was associated with the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products, induction of inflammatory genes, and the activation of NF-kB-like transcription factors (Liao, F., A. Andalibi, F. C. deBeer, A. M. Fogelman, and A.J. Lusis. 1993. J. Clin. Invest. 91:2572-2579). We hypothesized that the inflammation-related processes were stimulated by oxidized lipids, since injection of minimally oxidized LDL (MM-LDL) activated the same set of genes. We now report that the induction of inflammatory genes and activation of NF-kB-like transcription factors cosegregate with aortic atherosclerotic lesion formation in BXH recombinant inbred strains derived from parental C57BL/6J (susceptible) and C3H/HeJ (resistant) mice. In addition, the accumulation of hepatic conjugated dienes exhibited a significant correlation with inflammatory gene activation. These results provide strong evidence for the role of inflammatory mediators inducible by oxidative stress in atherogenesis. They also suggest that a major gene contributing to aortic lesion development in this mouse model, designated Ath-1, may control either the accumulation of lipid peroxides in tissues or the cellular responses to such lipid peroxides.
Electrically Evoked Auditory Brain Stem Responses (EABR) and Middle Latency Responses (EMLR) Obtained from Patients with the Nucleus Multichannel Cochlear Implant (1990)

Electrical auditory brain stem responses (EABR) and electrical middle latency responses (EMLR) were recorded from patients who had received the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant system. Twenty-five sequential patients had either intraoperative or outpatient EABR testing. We also recorded EMLRs from several outpatients. EABR results were consistent among all patients tested. Wave V mean latencies were the shortest (3.82 msec) for the most apical electrode (E20) and increased slightly for the medial (E12) and basal (E5) electrodes (3.94 and 4.20 msec, respectively). Absolute latencies for all EABR component waves were observed to be 1 to 1.5 msec shorter than typical acoustic auditory brain stem response (ABR) mean latencies. We have examined the relationships between patients' EABR/EMLR and their behavioral responses to electrical stimulation. Generally, the behavioral threshold and comfort current levels were lower than the predicted values based on EABR/EMLR findings. This observation may be due in part to psychophysical loudness differences noted for pulse rates of 10 to 500 pulses per second in some of the patients that we have studied in greater detail.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Linked Carbon Monolayers with Acetylenic Scaffoldings on Silver Foil (2017)

Graphdiyne analogs, linked carbon monolayers with acetylenic scaffoldings, are fabricated by adopting low-temperature chemical vapor deposition which provides a route for the synthesis of two-dimensional carbon materials via molecular building blocks. The electrical conductivity of the as-grown films can reach up to 6.72 S cm<sup>-1</sup> . Moreover, the films show potential as promising substrates for fluorescence suppressing and Raman advancement.
HARDENING WINDOWS SYSTEMS (2005)

Part I: Do This Now! Chapter 1. An Immediate Call to Action Chapter 2. Harden Authentication Chapter 3. Harden Physical Network Infrastructure Chapter 4. Harden Logical Network Infrastructure Chapter 5. Harden Network Infrastructure Computer Roles Chapter 6. Harden Active Directory Chapter 7. Harden Administrative Authority and Practice Chapter 8. Harden Servers and Client Computers by Role Chapter 9. Hardening Applications Access and Use Chapter 10. Hardening Data Access Chapter 11. Hardening Communications Chapter 12. Hardening Windows using PKI and Hardening PKI Part II: Once is Never Enough Chapter 13. Security Lifecycle Part III: How to Succeed at Hardening Windows Networks Chapter 14. Hardening Wetware Appendix 1. Glossary Appendix 2. Resources: Names and Locations of Top 20 Windows Security Documents/Downloads.
A LINC transmitter (2002)

The LINC (linear amplification using nonlinear components) transmitter shows considerable potential for use in future mobile radio systems employing spectrally efficient linear modulation formats. An experimental LINC transmitter that utilizes modern digital signal processing techniques to perform accurately the necessary signal component separation within the transmitter is described. A technique for significantly reducing the bandwidth required for this digital signal processing is outlined, and practical results which demonstrate that the linearity of the transmitter compares favorably with established linearizing techniques such as Cartesian feedback are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of combination antiretroviral therapy upon rectal mucosal HIV RNA burden and mononuclear cell apoptosis (1998)

Peripheral blood and mucosal compartments are equally responsive to effective antiretroviral therapies. The detection of significant changes within 7 days of starting antiviral therapy implies that intestinal dysfunction may be a direct result of local HIV infection.
Emergence of Regulatory CD4+ T Cell Response to Repetitive Stimulation with Antigen-Presenting Cells In Vitro: Implications in Designing Antigen-Presenting Cell-Based Tumor Vaccines (1999)

Because APCs play a crucial role in the generation of T cell-mediated immune responses, numerous clinical trials with APC-based vaccines have been initiated in different types of human cancers. Encouraging results have emerged from some of these initial studies. Thus far, APC-based vaccinations usually include multiple rounds of immunization. With this approach, although we and others have detected induction of Ag-specific CTL responses in vaccinated patients after stimulation with the same APC-based immunogen, in vitro we also find that repetitive in vitro stimulation with Ag-loaded APC can, at times, lead to the emergence of noncytolytic CD4+ T cells exhibiting the characteristic phenotype of Th2 cells. These noncytolytic CD4+ T cells synthesize large quantities of type 2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 on stimulation with the autologous APC or tumor cells in an MHC class II-restricted manner. Further, these CD4+ T cells and a cell-free supernatant factor block the activation of fresh T lymphocytes. The supernatant factor also exhibits a marked inhibitory effect on the expression of the costimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86, by APC. The inhibitory effect of the supernatant factor can be abrogated by neutralizing IL-10 in the supernatant. These observations therefore have implications in the APC-based tumor vaccine protocol design.