gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase Synchronization and Doppler Centroid Estimation in Fixed Receiver Bistatic SAR Systems (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper discusses temporal and phase synchronization in bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems that use orbital sensors as coherent sources of opportunity and receivers at a fixed location. The discussion is particularized to SAR Bistatic Receiver for INterferometric Applications (SABRINA), a ground-based bistatic receiver that uses ENVISAT and ERS-2 as transmitters. Transmitter–receiver synchronization is hindered by the presence of independent reference oscillators at the transmit and receive end and by the lack of a common time frame. Phase synchronization and pulse alignment are achieved using a dedicated channel that receives a clean signal directly from the satellite. How to align the acquired data with the satellite orbit and how to estimate the Doppler centroid (DC) are studied. It is shown that in the bistatic configuration considered, the receiver provides an implicit control point which limits the negative impact of a DC misestimation on the resulting images. An algorithm to achieve this temporal alignment using the apparent phase history of the received pulses is proposed. Finally, this algorithm is validated through Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data acquired by SABRINA. </para>
About the Contextualization of Learning Objects in Mobile Learning Settings (2013)

Abstract In recent years, many efforts have been undertaken in order to design and deploy learning activities that make use of modern mobile devices, like smartphones and tablet PC's. Hence, new possibilities for supporting these so-called mobile learning scenarios have risen. One of the major benefits of these kinds of learning scenarios is the possibility of a learner to have access to learning content independent of time and place and therefore, enabling learners to learn in very different situations. In order to support learning across different settings, this paper discusses an approach that allows identifying a best fitting format of a Learning Object (LO) with respect to the current situation of the learner. This approach allows to delivering learning content in a format that may suit the current context of the learner and therefore, it enables seamless learning.
Thrombolysis for Cerebral Ischemia (2010)

The care for patients with acute ischemic stroke has been revolutionized by the clinical application of fibrinolysis. Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) has been proven to improve functional outcomes following acute ischemic stroke and can be administered to a select group of patients up to 4.5 h after symptom onset. Time from symptom onset to thrombolysis is the most important determinant of the success of treatment, with greatest efficacy if given within 90 min. Hospitals should implement standardized processes and protocols for acute stroke to guide immediate patient assessment, brain imaging, drug administration, and post-thrombolysis care. In this article we review the clinical application of thrombolysis, care of acute stroke patients, current evidence regarding fibrinolysis, and future direction of penumbral imaging to select candidates for reperfusion therapies.
Polymerization in the solid and near‐solid states (1960)

Abstract Some recent observations on the behavior of radicals in solid and near‐solid media are reviewed. Polymerization in a matrix of swollen polymer molecules is first discussed, and this is followed by a consideration of the photochemical polymerization of crystalline methacrylic acid as studied by electron spin resonance, optical microscopy, and kinetics methods. The behavior of radicals produced on crystal faces was also investigated, and it is suggested that their behavior may be explained by assuming that their energies of interaction with the surface cover a wide range and that, on raising the temperature, propagation and termination reactions occur. Two types of polymer were produced by bulk polymerization of the crystals, one clear and glassy, the other fibrous or granular; both were amorphous and not oriented, and it was concluded that the crystal lattice exerted no influence on the configuration of the polymer produced from it. The reaction seems to proceed by a phase boundary process rather than by propagation through the lattice.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Land-cover Classification Using Multispectral Airborne Laser Scanning Data (2018)

With the spread of urban culture, urbanisation is progressing rapidly and globally. Accurate and update land cover (LC) information becomes increasingly critical for protecting ecosystems, climate change studies and sustainable human-environment development. It has been verified that combining spectral information from remotely sensed imagery and 3D spatial information from airborne laser scanning (ALS) point clouds has achieved better LC classification accuracy than that obtained by using either of them solely. However, data fusions can introduce multiple errors. To solve this problem, multispectral ALS developed recently is able to acquire point cloud data with multiple spectral channels simultaneously. Moreover, deep neural networks have been proved to be a better option for LC classification than those statistical classification approaches.\nThis study aims to develop a workflow for automated pixel-wise LC classification from multispectral ALS data using deep-learning methods. A total of six input datasets with a multi-tiered architecture and three deep-learning classification networks (i.e. 1D CNN, 2D CNN, and 3D CNN) have been established to seek the optimal scheme that lead to highest classification accuracy. The highest overall classification accuracy of 97.2% has been achieved using the proposed 3D CNN and the designed input dataset. In regard to the proposed CNNs, the overall accuracy (OA) of the 2D and 3D CNNs was, on average, 8.4% higher than that of the 1D CNN. Although the OA of the 2D CNN was at most 0.3% lower than that of the 3D CNN, the run time of the 3D CNN was five times longer than the 2D CNN. Thus, the 2D CNN was the best choice for the multispectral ALS LC classification when considering efficiency. For different input datasets, the OA of the designed input datasets was, on average, 3.8% higher than that of the classic input datasets. Results also showed that the multispectral ALS data is superior to both multispectral optical imagery and single-wavelength ALS data for LC classification. In conclusion, this thesis suggests that LC classification can be improved with the use of multispectral ALS data and deep-learning methods.
Seeding Growth of Pd/Au Bimetallic Nanoparticles on Highly Cross-Linked Polymer Microspheres with Ionic Liquid and Solvent-Free Hydrogenation (2010)

We developed a method to immobilize Pd/Au bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) on highly cross-linked polymer microspheres. In this route, the cross-linker divinylbenzene and ionic liquid (IL) 1-vinyl-3-butyl imidazolium chloride ([VBIM]Cl) were first copolymerized in ethanol to prepare the cross-linked polymer microspheres with the IL. The PdCl42− ions were immobilized on the polymer support, and the Pd NPs immobilized on the support were formed after the PdCl42− ions were reduced. The supported bimetallic Pd/Au NPs were obtained after seeding growth process. The polymer support and metallic NPs/support composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, inductively coupled plasma analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. It was demonstrated that the immobilized metallic NPs were nearly monodispersed and the Pd and Au in the composites showed excellent synergy to catalyze the hydrogenation of cyclohexene.
On a Method to Measure Supervised Multiclass Model’s Interpretability: Application to Degradation Diagnosis (Short Paper) (2024)

In an industrial maintenance context, degradation diagnosis is the problem of determining the current level of degradation of operating machines based on measurements. With the emergence of Machine Learning techniques, such a problem can now be solved by training a degradation model offline and by using it online. While such models are more and more accurate and performant, they are often black-box and their decisions are therefore not interpretable for human maintenance operators. On the contrary, interpretable ML models are able to provide explanations for the model’s decisions and consequently improves the confidence of the human operator about the maintenance decision based on these models. This paper proposes a new method to quantitatively measure the interpretability of such models that is agnostic (no assumption about the class of models) and that is applied on degradation models. The proposed method requires that the decision maker sets up some high level parameters in order to measure the interpretability of the models and then can decide whether the obtained models are satisfactory or not. The method is formally defined and is fully illustrated on a decision tree degradation model and a model trained with a recent neural network architecture called Multiclass Neural Additive Model.
Application of next-generation sequencing technology in plant genetic research (2015)

The second generation sequencing technology is also named next-generation sequencing technology.It has higher throughput,lower cost and shorter time-consuming than Sanger sequencing.The features of 454,Illumina/Solexa and SOLi D sequencing technologies,and their applications in plant genome,transcriptome and microRNA researches were introduced and summarized in this paper.The future development of high throughput sequencing technology was also prospected.
Answering distance queries in directed graphs using fast matrix multiplication (2005)

Let G = (V, E, w) be a weighted directed graph, where w : E /spl rarr/ {-M, ..., 0, ..., M}. We show that G can be preprocessed in O/spl tilde/(Mn/sup /spl omega//) time, where /spl omega/ < 2.376 is the exponent of fast matrix multiplication, such that subsequently, each distance /spl delta/(u, v) in the graph, where u, v /spl epsi/ V, can be computed exactly in O(n) time. We also present a tradeoff between the processing time and the query answering time. As a very special case, we obtain an O/spl tilde/(Mn/sup /spl omega//) time algorithm for the single source shortest paths (SSSP) problem for directed graphs with integer weights of absolute value at most M. For sufficiently dense graphs, with small enough edge weights, this improves upon the O(m/spl radic/n log M) time algorithm of Goldberg. We note that even the case M = 1, in which all the edge weights are in {-1, 0, +1}, is an interesting case for which no improvement over Goldberg's O(m/spl radic/n) algorithm was known. Our new O/spl tilde/(Mn/sup /spl omega//) algorithm is faster whenever m > n/sup /spl omega/- 1/2 / /spl sime/ n/sup 1.876/.
A natural human hand model (2007)

We present a skeletal linked model of the human hand that has natural motion. We show how this can be achieved by introducing a new biology-based joint axis that simulates natural joint motion and a set of constraints that reduce an estimated 150 possible motions to twelve. The model is based on observation and literature. To facilitate testing and evaluation, we present a simple low polygon count skin that can stretch and bulge. To evaluate we first introduce a hand-motion taxonomy in a two-dimensional parameter space based on tasks that are evolutionary linked to the environment. Second, we discuss and test the model. The appendix shows motion sequences of the model and the real hand. Animations can be fetched from our website.
Safe handling of organic peroxides (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSafe handling of organic peroxidesJ. Varjavandi and O. L. Mageli Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 7, A451Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1971Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1971Published inissue 1 July 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/ed048pA451RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (6 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of New Dynamic Accumulation Method for Measuring Oxygen Transmission Rate of Packaging against the Steady‐State Method Described by ASTM D3985 (2012)

A new dynamic accumulation method for measuring the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of packages and packaging films using robust and inexpensive fluorescence oxygen sensing technology has been developed. The method allows for oxygen to transfer through a given area of packaging or sample film and accumulate over time. The test volume incorporates a fluorescence‐based oxygen sensor that does not consume oxygen and therefore does not interfere with the real‐time measurement of oxygen concentration. The new method was tested against a widely used, commercially available instrument (Mocon Oxtran 2/20; Mocon, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) designed around the steady‐state gas permeation measurement approach described by ASTM D3985. Sample films were chosen to provide comparison over several orders of magnitude of OTR. Specifically, sample films with OTR values in the range of 10 1 , 10 3 and 10 4 ml O 2 /m 2 /day were measured, and results using the two methods were compared. Results showed that the new dynamic accumulation method provides comparable results with the steady‐state method (ASTM D3985). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iddq test pattern generation for scan chain latches and flip-flops (2002)

A new approach, using Iddq, for testing the bistable elements (latches ad flip-flops) in scan chain circuits is presented. In this approach, we generate test patterns that apply a checking experiment to each bistable element in the circuit while checking their response. Such tests guarantee the detection of all detectable combinational defects inside the bistable elements. We show that this approach is more effective than test generation using the popular pseudo stuck-at-fault model. Our algorithm was implemented by modifying an existing stuck-at combinational test pattern generator. The number of test patterns generated by the new program is comparable to the number of traditional stuck-at-patterns. This shows that our approach is practical for large circuits.
2014 Global geographic analysis of mortality from ischaemic heart disease by country, age and income: Statistics from World Health Organisation and United Nations (2014)

In the countries for which there are good longitudinal data, predominantly European countries, recent years have shown a continuing decline in age-standardised IHD mortality. However, the progressive aging of populations has kept crude IHD mortality high. It is not known whether the pattern is consistent globally because many countries have not provided regular annual data including wealthy countries such as the United Arab Emirates and large countries such as India and China.
Dynamic response of NASA Rotor Test Apparatus and Sikorsky S-76 hub mounted in the 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel (1994)

A shake test was conducted in the 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center, using the NASA Ames Rotor Test Apparatus (RTA) and the Sikorsky S-76 rotor hub. The primary objective of this shake test was to determine the modal properties of the RTA, the S-76 rotor hub, and the model support system installed in the wind tunnel. Random excitation was applied at the rotor hub, and vibration responses were measured using accelerometers mounted at various critical locations on the model and the model support system. Transfer functions were computed using the load cell data and the accelerometer responses. The transfer function data were used to compute the system modal parameters with the aid of modal analysis software.
p53 and hTERT Determine Sensitivity to Viral Apoptosis (2007)

Apoptosis is a potent host defense against microbes. Most viruses have adapted strategies to counteract this response. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) produces a balance between pro- and antiapoptotic processes during infection. When antiapoptotic signals become limiting, infected cells die through HSV-dependent apoptosis (HDAP). Oncogenic pathways were previously implicated in HDAP susceptibility. Here, we exploited our ability to selectively express all, one, or no oncogenes in the well-defined HeLa cell system to dissect the requirements for HDAP. Human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncogene expression was inhibited by the E2 viral repressor. Sole expression of E6 mediated HDAP sensitization. Next, two known cellular targets of E6 were independently modulated. This demonstrated that E6 sensitizes HeLa cells to HDAP through hTERT and p53. Given the universality of the apoptotic antiviral response, p53 and telomerase regulation will likely be important for counteracting host defenses in many other viral infections.
Cluster-specific named entity transliteration (2005)

Existing named entity (NE) transliteration approaches often exploit a general model to transliterate NEs, regardless of their origins. As a result, both a Chinese name and a French name (assuming it is already translated into Chinese) will be translated into English using the same model, which often leads to unsatisfactory performance. In this paper we propose a cluster-specific NE transliteration framework. We group name origins into a smaller number of clusters, then train transliteration and language models for each cluster under a statistical machine translation framework. Given a source NE, we first select appropriate models by classifying it into the most likely cluster, then we transliterate this NE with the corresponding models. We also propose a phrase-based name transliteration model, which effectively combines context information for transliteration. Our experiments showed substantial improvement on the transliteration accuracy over a state-of-the-art baseline system, significantly reducing the transliteration character error rate from 50.29% to 12.84%.
The Effect of Mitomycin C on Molteno Implant Surgery (1998)

Purpose: The authors assess whether adjunctive mitomycin C improves Molteno tube shunt surgery in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, and complication rates. Patients and Methods: Twenty-five eyes of twenty-five consecutive patients undergoing double-plate Molteno implant surgery were randomized to receive either mitomycin C (MMC) 0.4 mg/mL for 2 minutes or a control balanced salt solution in a masked, prospective study. Intraocular pressure, visual acuity, and complications were recorded 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used to test the overall effect of the drug on IOP and percent change from preoperative IOP. Results: Thirteen eyes received balanced salt solution and 12 eyes received MMC. There was no difference between the groups with respect to age, preoperative IOP, log mean angle of resolution (LogMar) visual acuity, or number of preoperative medications. Except for week 1, there were no differences between the groups at any of the clinic visits with respect to IOP and percent change from baseline IOP. Analysis of the visual acuity (LogMar) showed reduction in vision for both groups. Complications were similar in each group, as were number of postoperative bypotensive agents required. Conclusions: Adjunct MMC does not demonstrate a significant difference in outcomes compared with placebo in pressure-ridged Molteno implant surgery. Results of this study are limited by a small number of patients in each group and a fixed dose of MMC.
CTBV Integrated Impulse Radio Design for Biomedical Applications (2009)

Improving quality of service in wireless communication links is of vital importance in biomedical applications. Limitations of current technology are evident with a limited number of channels and prone to fading. In this paper, we are exploring impulse radio as a feasible technology for health monitoring and even as novel detached sensors. By exploring advanced deep submicron technology and novel architectures, improved quality of service may be granted. Additional interesting biomedical functionality of the impulse radio is detached body sensors (short-range medical radar).
Structural Roles for Human Translation Factor eIF3 in Initiation of Protein Synthesis (2005)

Protein synthesis in mammalian cells requires initiation factor eIF3, a approximately 750-kilodalton complex that controls assembly of 40S ribosomal subunits on messenger RNAs (mRNAs) bearing either a 5'-cap or an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions show that eIF3, a five-lobed particle, interacts with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES RNA and the 5'-cap binding complex eIF4F via the same domain. Detailed modeling of eIF3 and eIF4F onto the 40S ribosomal subunit reveals that eIF3 uses eIF4F or the HCV IRES in structurally similar ways to position the mRNA strand near the exit site of 40S, promoting initiation complex assembly.
Finding large average submatrices in high dimensional data (2009)

The search for sample-variable associations is an important problem in the exploratory analysis of high dimensional data. Biclustering methods search for sample-variable associations in the form of distinguished submatrices of the data matrix. (The rows and columns of a submatrix need not be contiguous.) In this paper we propose and evaluate a statistically motivated biclustering procedure (LAS) that finds large average submatrices within a given real-valued data matrix. The procedure operates in an iterative-residual fashion, and is driven by a Bonferroni-based significance score that effectively trades off between submatrix size and average value. We examine the performance and potential utility of LAS, and compare it with a number of existing methods, through an extensive three-part validation study using two gene expression datasets. The validation study examines quantitative properties of biclusters, biological and clinical assessments using auxiliary information, and classification of disease subtypes using bicluster membership. In addition, we carry out a simulation study to assess the effectiveness and noise sensitivity of the LAS search procedure. These results suggest that LAS is an effective exploratory tool for the discovery of biologically relevant structures in high dimensional data. Software is available at https://genome.unc.edu/las/.