gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD30 induction and cytokine profiles in hepatitis C virus core-specific peripheral blood T lymphocytes (1997)

Since an efficient control of virus infections may depend on the appropriate lymphokine profile, we studied cytokine responses and CD30 induction, a recently proposed surrogate marker of type 2 cells, in 10 healthy anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-seropositive blood donors without viremia (group A) and in 15 patients with hepatitis C (group B). Intracytoplasmic IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 were determined by triple-color flow cytometry in the CD3+ and CD3+/CD30+ lymphocyte subsets after stimulation of PBMC with rHCV core protein and five core-derived peptides corresponding to the four immunodominant Th epitopes C.T1 to C.T4. In group A, more type 1 cytokines were induced by the rHCV core protein and all immunodominant core peptides (p < 0.05), whereas IL-10-producing T cells were found more frequently in group B. Induction of CD30+ T cells was found almost exclusively in group B (p < 0.01). The difference in cytokine responses was due to the CD3+/CD30- T cell subset and not the CD3+/CD30+ subset, which predominantly produced both IL-10 and IFN-gamma, but only small amounts of IL-2 and IL-4. We conclude that immunodominant HCV core peptides induce preferentially type 1 cytokines in healthy anti-HCV-positive blood donors and CD30 expression in patients with chronic hepatitis C. However, in both groups, CD30+ T lymphocytes produce an intermediate Th0-like cytokine profile. Thus, chronicity in HCV infection may reflect a lack of type 1 cytokine production.
Targeting an antimicrobial effector function in insect immunity as a pest control strategy (2009)

Insect pests such as termites cause damages to crops and man-made structures estimated at over $30 billion per year, imposing a global challenge for the human economy. Here, we report a strategy for compromising insect immunity that might lead to the development of nontoxic, sustainable pest control methods. Gram-negative bacteria binding proteins (GNBPs) are critical for sensing pathogenic infection and triggering effector responses. We report that termite GNBP-2 (tGNBP-2) shows beta(1,3)-glucanase effector activity previously unknown in animal immunity and is a pleiotropic pattern recognition receptor and an antimicrobial effector protein. Termites incorporate this protein into the nest building material, where it functions as a nest-embedded sensor that cleaves and releases pathogenic components, priming termites for improved antimicrobial defense. By means of rational design, we present an inexpensive, nontoxic small molecule glycomimetic that blocks tGNBP-2, thus exposing termites in vivo to accelerated infection and death from specific and opportunistic pathogens. Such a molecule, introduced into building materials and agricultural methods, could protect valuable assets from insect pests.
Nanoimprint lithography: full wafer replication of nanometer features (2005)

Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL) is a fast, high resolution replication technology for micromechanics, microbiology and even for microelectronic applications in the sub-100nm range. The technique has been demonstrated to be a very promising next generation technique for large-area structure replication up to wafer-level in the micrometer and nanometer scale. For producing nanometer structures the capital investments required are much lower compared to other next generation methods (e-beam writing, x-ray lithography, EUV lithography, ...). Nanoimprint Lithography is based on two different techniques: Hot Embossing (HE) and UV-Nanoimprint Lithography (UV-NIL). Both methods can be used for replicating dense and isolated features in the range of 70nm to 100μm simultaneously on up to 200mm wafers.
Network address hopping a mechanism to enhance data protection for packet communications (2005)

This paper proposes a novel mechanism to enhance data protection in communications across untrusted networks. The approach is based on the principle of network address hopping, whereby a data stream is spread across multiple end-to-end connections. The aim is to obscure the data exchange between two peers by shuffling the communication pattern. The hopping pattern - a shared secret between the communication participants - defines the sequence for the address hopping and determines the data spreading. Besides a description of the basic operation of the network address hopping mechanism, the paper evaluates the level of protection it can offer for end-to-end communications. This theoretical analysis is accompanied by a quantitative evaluation of the processing overhead of our prototype implementation on commodity end hosts.
Frog Oocytes: A Living Test Tube for Studies on Metabolic Regulation (2001)

This review is intended to illustrate how live frog oocytes may be advantageously used to address the study of some problems of in vivo glucose metabolism. Glucose microinjected into the cells is preferentially committed to glycogen synthesis. We present evidence showing that both the direct and indirect pathways for polysaccharide deposition are operative in oocytes. A small amount of the injected glucose (&lt;5%) is released as labeled CO2 mainly through the pentose-P pathway. Coinjection of NADP+ and glucose significantly stimulates 14CO2 production, half-maximal stimulation being obtained at 0.13 mM. Finally, we show the use of frog oocytes to measure in vivo the control coefficient of hexokinase on glycogen synthesis and the pentose-P pathway. A value of 0.7 was found for the control coefficient of hexokinase on glycogen synthesis, while the enzyme has no control at all over the pentose-P pathway. Therefore, the frog oocyte may be used as a living test tube for the study of almost an
Thermally activated domain wall depinning in thin strips with high perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy (2009)

A theoretical analysis on domain wall dynamics along thin ferromagnetic strips with high perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy driven by both magnetic fields and spin-polarized currents is reported. The domain wall depinning from a constriction is characterized both at zero and at room temperature for different values of the nonadiabatic parameter. The results indicate that engineering of pinning sites in thin strips of high perpendicular anisotropy provides an efficient pathway to achieve both high stability against thermal fluctuations and low current-induced domain wall depinning and, therefore, it can find application on designing memory devices driven by static currents.
Disordered Optics: Exploiting Multiple Light Scattering and Wavefront Shaping for Nonconventional Optical Elements (2019)

Advances in diverse areas such as inspection, imaging, manufacturing, telecommunications, and information processing have been stimulated by novel optical devices. Conventional material ingredients for these devices are typically made of homogeneous refractive or diffractive materials and require sophisticated design and fabrication, which results in practical limitations related to their form and functional figures of merit. To overcome such limitations, recent developments in the application of disordered materials as novel optical elements have indicated great potential in enabling functionalities that go beyond their conventional counterparts, while the materials exhibit potential advantages with respect to reduced form factors. Combined with wavefront shaping, disordered materials enable dynamic transitions between multiple functionalities in a single active optical device. Recent progress in this field is summarized to gain insight into the physical principles behind disordered optics with regard to their advantages in various applications as well as their limitations compared to conventional optics.
Supercritical Fluid in Polymer Science and Technology. I. Decomposition of Fiber Reinforced Plastics Using Fluid at High Temperature and Pressure. (2001)

もっとも処理困難なプラスチック廃棄物の1つである繊維強化プラスチック (FRP) の, 超臨界水あるいは高温高圧のアルコール+アルカリ水溶液による分解を検討した. その結果, 繊維強化プラスチックを高速で分解し, 有機物質および強化繊維材料を回収できることが確認された. 不飽和ポリエステル系繊維強化プラスチックは, 380℃の超臨界水により5分の反応時間でほぼ分解された. 主な分解生成物としては, 気相中に二酸化炭素と微量の低沸点炭化水素類, 液相中にはマトリクスの構成成分であるポリスチレンおよび不飽和ポリエステルに由来するスチレンオリゴマー, 芳香族炭化水素類とフタル酸誘導体が含まれているのが確認された. 5分間の反応で回収されたガラス繊維の外観は, 元の繊維とほぼ同様であった. 加水分解を受ける結合をもたないフェノール樹脂系FRPは超臨界水ではほとんど分解されず, 超臨界水に酸化剤を併用した部分酸化によっても分解困難であった. しかし, 超臨界水にアルカリを添加することにより, 分解率を向上することができ, さらに, アルコールを加えることによりほぼ分解することができた.
Contentsintroductioncurrent Concepts in the Etiology and Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea (1986)

Primary dysmenorrhea may affect as many as 40 percent of all adult women, temporarily disabling one‐tenth of them. The etiology of this condition may be related to excess production of prostaglandins by the endometrium following decline in progesterone levels consequent to corpus luteum regression. It is proposed that increased prostaglandin levels produce increased myometrial contractility and uterine ischemia and sensitization of pain fibers, resulting in pelvic pain. Administration of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents which block the cyclooxygenase enzyme of the arachidonic acid cascade is an effective treatment for primary dysmenorrhea, as is oral contraceptive therapy. Criteria for an ideal prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor are described.
Hydrogen Sulphide (1996)

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is the primary chemical hazard in natural gas production in 'sour' gas fields. It is also a hazard in sewage treatment and manure-containment operations, construction in wetlands, pelt processing, certain types of pulp and paper production, and any situation in which organic material decays or inorganic sulphides exist under reducing conditions. H2S dissociates into free sulphide in the circulation. Sulphide binds to many macromolecules, among them cytochrome oxidase. Although this is undoubtedly an important mechanism of toxicity due to H2S, there may be others H2S provides little opportunity for escape at high concentrations because of the olfactory paralysis it causes, the steep exposure-response relationships, and the characteristically sudden loss of consciousness it can cause which is colloquially termed 'knockdown.' Other effects may include mucosal irritation, which is associated at lower concentrations with a keratoconjunctivitis called 'gas eye' and at higher concentrations with risk of pulmonary oedema. Chronic central nervous system sequelae may possibly follow repeated knockdowns: this is controversial and the primary effects of H2S may be confounded by anoxia or head trauma. Treatment is currently empirical, with a combination of nitrite and hyperbaric oxygen preferred. The treatment regimen is not ideal and carries some risk.
Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex potentiates venous thrombosis in response to hypoxia (2017)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), caused by altered hemostasis, remains the third most common cause of mortality among all cardiovascular conditions. In addition to established genetic and acquired risk factors, low-oxygen environments also predispose otherwise healthy individuals to VTE. Although disease etiology appears to entail perturbation of hemostasis pathways, the key molecular determinants during immediate early response remain elusive. Using an established model of venous thrombosis, we here show that systemic hypoxia accelerates thromboembolic events, functionally stimulated by the activation of nucleotide binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex and increased IL-1β secretion. Interestingly, we also show that the expression of NLRP3 is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) during these conditions. The pharmacological inhibition of caspase-1, in vivo knockdown of NLRP3, or HIF-1α other than IL-1β-neutralizing antibodies attenuated inflammasome activation and curtailed thrombosis under hypoxic conditions. We extend the significance of these preclinical findings by studying modulation of this pathway in patients with altitude-induced venous thrombosis. Our results demonstrate distinctive, increased expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β in individuals with clinically established venous thrombosis. We therefore propose that an early proinflammatory state in the venous milieu, orchestrated by the HIF-induced NLRP3 inflammasome complex, is a key determinant of acute thrombotic events during hypoxic conditions.
FACILITY MANAGEMENT В СИНЕРГИИ С PPP (2008)

This prospective study provides an extensive report on clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of AP in real-world practice. Mortality remains high in severe cases and physicians' adherence to guidelines during management of the disease needs improvement in some aspects.
Theory of Deformation of a Porous Viscoelastic Anisotropic Solid (1956)

Equations are established for the deformation of a viscoelastic porous solid containing a viscous fluid under the most general assumptions of anisotropy. The particular cases of transverse and complete isotropy are discussed. General solutions are also developed for the equations in the isotropic case. As an example the problem of the settlement of a loaded column is treated. The second–order effect of the change of permeability with deformation is also discussed.
Confidence intervals of the Mann‐Whitney parameter that are compatible with the Wilcoxon‐Mann‐Whitney test (2018)

For the two-sample problem, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) test is used frequently: it is simple to explain (a permutation test on the difference in mean ranks), it handles continuous or ordinal responses, it can be implemented for large or small samples, it is robust to outliers, it requires few assumptions, and it is efficient in many cases. Unfortunately, the WMW test is rarely presented with an effect estimate and confidence interval. A natural effect parameter associated with this test is the Mann-Whitney parameter, φ = Pr[ X<Y ] + 0.5 Pr[X = Y ]. Ideally, we desire confidence intervals on φ that are compatible with the WMW test, meaning the test rejects at level α if and only if the 100(1 - α)% confidence interval on the Mann-Whitney parameter excludes 1/2. Existing confidence interval procedures on φ are not compatible with the usual asymptotic implementation of the WMW test that uses a continuity correction nor are they compatible with exact WMW tests. We develop compatible confidence interval procedures for the asymptotic WMW tests and confidence interval procedures for some exact WMW tests that appear to be compatible. We discuss assumptions and interpretation of the resulting tests and confidence intervals. We provide the wmwTest function of the asht R package to calculate all of the developed confidence intervals.
Dissolution behavior of fluoroalcohol-substituted polystyrenes (2001)

(alpha) -Fluoroalcohols have been proposed as transparent, base-soluble functional groups for use in the design of new 157 nm photoresist polymers. The two most common and easily prepared fluoroisopropanol groups are bis-trifluoromethyl carbinols (hexafluoroalcohol) and methyl-trifluoromethyl carbinols (trifluoroalcohol). This paper describes studies designed to assess the suitability of both of these functionalities as acidic groups. Dissolution rate studies were carried out on polystyrene films that incorporate these groups. The dissolution rates of the sample polymers were compared to that of poly(hydroxystyrene) (PHOST) to provide a reference for the measurements. It was found that the trifluoroalcohol polymers do not exhibit any solubility in basic media, while the hexafluoroalcohol polymers dissolve rapidly relative to PHOST in 0.13N TMAH. Further, it was found that the two fluoroalcohol polymers can be blended to adjust the inherent dissolution rate of the resin and that the hexafluoroalcohol polymer is sensitive to incorporation of classical dissolution inhibitors. The study concludes that hexafluoroalcohol is a promising candidate for incorporation into the design of 157 nm photoresists.
Chemical Looping Combustion in a Rotating Bed Reactor – Finding Optimal Process Conditions for Prototype Reactor (2011)

A lab-scale rotating bed reactor for chemical looping combustion has been designed, constructed, and tested using a CuO/Al(2)O(3) oxygen carrier and methane as fuel. Process parameters such as bed rotating frequency, gas flows, and reactor temperature have been varied to find optimal performance of the prototype reactor. Around 90% CH(4) conversion and >90% CO(2) capture efficiency based on converted methane have been obtained. Stable operation has been accomplished over several hours, and also--stable operation can be regained after intentionally running into unstable conditions. Relatively high gas velocities are used to avoid fully reduced oxygen carrier in part of the bed. Potential CO(2) purity obtained is in the range 30 to 65%--mostly due to air slippage from the air sector--which seems to be the major drawback of the prototype reactor design. Considering the prototype nature of the first version of the rotating reactor setup, it is believed that significant improvements can be made to further avoid gas mixing in future modified and up-scaled reactor versions.
Detecting Factual and Non-Factual Content in News Articles (2017)

News articles are a major source of facts about the current state and events of our surrounding world. However, not all news articles are equally rich in presenting the facts. In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting factual and non-factual parts in news articles. We present a comprehensive survey on the existing literature on fact classification on news articles as well as a related and more widely studied problem of subjectivity vs objectivity classification of statements. Combining these techniques and some new features we design a framework for classifying facts and non-facts in news articles. We present extensive experiments on this task using several features and combinations of those on two datasets, one of which was used for subjectivity classification in previous works. We show that standard textual dataset dependent features such as n-grams produce good results on both datasets, but more general features such as part of speech tags and entity types produce inconsistent results. We analyze the results based on the nature of the datasets to present insights on the usefulness of the features and their applicability in the classification task we are considering.
A second-generation virtual reality simulator for colonoscopy: validation and initial experience (2008)

The novel Olympus simulator discriminates excellently between the measured levels of expertise. The prototype offers a good realistic representation of colonoscopy according to experts. Although the software development is continuing, the device can already be implemented in the training program of novice endoscopists.
Carbon molecular sieves as catalysts and catalyst supports (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon molecular sieves as catalysts and catalyst supportsGerald C. Grunewald and Russell S. DragoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5, 1636–1639Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00005a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00005a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views786Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PacketTwins: A Novel Method for Capacity Estimation of a Heavy‐Loaded Path (2009)

We propose a method called PacketTwins for estimating the capacity of heavy‐loaded paths. Unlike popular packet pair methods, which probe a path with a series of two equal‐sized packets, PacketTwins uses a series of twin probe packets that are slightly different in size. By sending twin probe packets alternately, we can obtain new information about selecting valid samples for capacity estimation when a network path is heavy loaded.
Distribution of xylosylation and fucosylation in the plant Golgi apparatus (1994)

Summary Antibodies have been immunopurified which are specific for carbohydrate epitopes containing the β1→2 xylose or α1→3 fucose residues found on complex N‐linked glycans in plants. The antibody specificity was determined by taking advantage of an Arabidopsis thaliana N‐glycosylation mutant which lacks N‐acetyl‐glucosaminyltransferase I and is unable to synthesize complex glycans. These antibodies were used to immunolocalize xylose‐ and fucose‐containing glycoproteins in suspension‐cultured sycamore cells ( Acer pseudoplatanus ). By mapping the enzymatic reaction products within the Golgi apparatus, the fucosyl‐ and xylosyltransferase subcellular localization was made possible using immunocytochemistry on thin sections of high‐pressure frozen and freeze‐substituted sycamore cells. This procedure allows a much better preservation of organelles, and particularly of the Golgi stack morphology, than that obtained with conventionally fixed samples. Glycoproteins containing β→2 xylose and α1→3 fucose residues were immunodetected in the cell wall, the vacuole, and the Golgi cisternae. The extent of immunolabeling over the different cisternae of 50 Golgi stacks was quantified after treatment with anti‐xylose or anti‐fucose antibodies. Labeling for xylose‐containing glycoproteins was predominent in the medial cisternae, while fucose‐containing glycoproteins were mainly detected in the trans compartment. Therefore, in plants, complex N‐linked glycan xylosylation probably occurs mostly at the medial Golgi level and α1→3 fucose is mainly incorporated in the trans cisternae. Finally, fucose‐ and xylose‐containing glycoproteins were also immunolocalized, albeit to a lesser extent, in earlier Golgi compartments. This indicates that the glycosylation events are a continuous process with some maxima in given compartments, rather than a succession of discrete and compartment‐dependent steps.
Design and Implementation of Productivity Monitoring System in Rubber Injection Molding Machine in Real Time Based on Visual Studio and Android Application (2018)

The molding machine is used to rubber material cooking process. The one type of molding machine is an injection molding machine. The productivity monitoring process of injection molding machines can be said to still use conventional methods. This is caused by data collection using paper and takes 2 days to be displayed to the computer database. In order to solve this problem, we conduct research by designing real time productivity monitoring system applications on injection molding machines. The monitoring system designed in the form of desktop and mobile applications. Desktop application is used to manage production plans, monitor production and know the results of production data. This test has two stages, the first is to ensure that the counter point in Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) has the same value as desktop and mobile applications and other stages ensure the application can display productivity confarmance indicators. Test conducted show that monitoring systems with dekstop and mobile applications can provide productivity information on injection molding machines in real time, provide indicators of productivity conformance with predefined standards and reduce paper usage.