gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b>A New, Stereospecific Olefin Synthesis from 1,2-Diols</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New, Stereospecific Olefin Synthesis from 1,2-DiolsE. J. Corey and Roland A. E. WinterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 17, 2677–2678Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00900a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00900a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3465Altmetric-Citations335LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conserved catalytic machinery and the prediction of a common fold for several families of glycosyl hydrolases. (1996)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Few-shot Video-to-Video Synthesis (2019)

Video-to-video synthesis (vid2vid) aims at converting an input semantic video, such as videos of human poses or segmentation masks, to an output photorealistic video. While the state-of-the-art of vid2vid has advanced significantly, existing approaches share two major limitations. First, they are data-hungry. Numerous images of a target human subject or a scene are required for training. Second, a learned model has limited generalization capability. A pose-to-human vid2vid model can only synthesize poses of the single person in the training set. It does not generalize to other humans that are not in the training set. To address the limitations, we propose a few-shot vid2vid framework, which learns to synthesize videos of previously unseen subjects or scenes by leveraging few example images of the target at test time. Our model achieves this few-shot generalization capability via a novel network weight generation module utilizing an attention mechanism. We conduct extensive experimental validations with comparisons to strong baselines using several large-scale video datasets including human-dancing videos, talking-head videos, and street-scene videos. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework in addressing the two limitations of existing vid2vid approaches.
Stabilization of ion concentration polarization layer using micro fin structure for high-throughput applications (2017)

Ion concentration polarization (ICP) has been extensively researched concerning new fundamentals in nanoscale electrokinetics and novel engineering applications. While biomedical and environmental ICP applications have a number of advantages compared to conventional methods, the technique has suffered from the critical limitation of low processing capacity because it has been usually presented in a micro/nanofluidic platform. In this paper, we devised micro fin structures inside a macroscale high-throughput ICP device and successfully demonstrated a stable formation of ICP layer and its performance. Since the fin structures created surface conductive fluidic circumstances and assisted in physically suppressing undesirable electrokinetic vortices generated in this fluidic regime, ICP was stably generated even in this macroscale system. Finally, batch-type droplet ICP preconcentrator and continuous-type ICP separator were introduced as examples for high-throughput millimeter-scale ICP devices using the implanted fin structures.
Studies on Calcium Metabolism (1927)

THE numerous references to the low calcium content of the serum in tetania parathyreopriva, and more particularly the recent work of Collip [1925] on the extraction and action of the parathyroid hormone, make it clear that one action, at any rate, of the parathyroid glands is to control the concentration of calcium in the blood.So much may be taken as definitely established, but of the mode in which this control is exercised little is known.Clearly the parathyroids may affect the absorption or excretion of calcium, or may exert some controlling action on the equilibria between the different forms of combination in which calcium exists in the blood and between the concentra- tions in the blood and in the tissues.In view of the ease with which the low serum calcium of tetania parathyreopriva can be raised by administration of calcium salts, it appears unlikely that the parathyroids act by controlling calcium absorption.Some doubt exists, too, as to whether they have any effect on the excretion of calcium.Thus Kishi [1924] found that after parathyroidectomy there was increased urinary, but unchanged faecal, excretion of calcium; MacCallum and Voegtlin [1909] found an increased faecal excretion, and Greenwald and Gross [1925, 1] found the total excretion to be decreased.These last auithors, too [1926], state that long-continued administration of parathyroid to normal dogs brings about an increased calcium excretion.The third possibility is one accepted by Greenwald and Gross [1925, 2], who have suggested that the parathyroid hormone is, or is necessary for the preparation of, the substance which keeps in solution the large excess of Ca3(PO4)2 which Holt, La Mer and Chown [1925] have shown to be present in the blood.The excess of calcium excreted during long-continued administra-
Mechanism and energetics of O and O2 adsorption on polar and non-polar ZnO surfaces (2016)

Polar surfaces of semiconducting metal oxides can exhibit structures and chemical reactivities that are distinct from their non-polar surfaces. Using first-principles calculations, we examine O adatom and O2 molecule adsorption on 8 different known ZnO reconstructions including Zn-terminated (Zn-ZnO) and O-terminated (O-ZnO) polar surfaces, and non-polar surfaces. We find that adsorption tendencies are largely governed by the thermodynamic environment, but exhibit variations due to the different surface chemistries of various reconstructions. The Zn-ZnO surface reconstructions which appear under O-rich and H-poor environments are found to be most amenable to O and O2 adsorption. We attribute this to the fact that on Zn-ZnO, the O-rich environments that promote O adsorption also simultaneously favor reconstructions that involve adsorbed O species. On these Zn-ZnO surfaces, O2 dissociatively adsorbs to form O adatoms. By contrast, on O-ZnO surfaces, the O-rich conditions required for O or O2 adsorption tend to promote reconstructions involving adsorbed H species, making further O species adsorption more difficult. These insights about O2 adsorption on ZnO surfaces suggest possible design rules to understand the adsorption properties of semiconductor polar surfaces.
A Versatile Method for the Conversion of Oximes to Nitroalkanes (1998)

Abstract A convenient oxidation of oximes to nitroalkanes has been developed using oxone® in acetonitrile.
Enzyme activity in human gingival crevicular fluid: considerations in data reporting based on analysis of individual crevicular sites (1986)

Using a reproducible approach to collection, processing and analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), this study examined 284 fluid samples from individual crevicular sites for the presence of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), B-glucuronidase (BG) and arylsulfatase (AS). 88 of the sites were from periodontally healthy individuals (probing depth 1-3 mm), while 98 sites from patients with periodontitis were examined before and 2 weeks after scaling and root planing (probing depths 1-3 mm, 4-6 mm and 7-10 mm). This study demonstrated the sensitivity of the enzyme assays. When GCF was collected with a 30-s insertion of the filter strip, 90% of the sites from the control subjects demonstrated LDH activity, 85% demonstrated BG activity and 73% demonstrated AS activity. For the 1-3 mm sites from the patients with periodontitis, 100% of sites from which fluid was collected demonstrated LDH and BG activity, and 90% of sites had AS activity before therapy. After therapy, 100% of sites demonstrated LDH activity, 90% had BG activity and 83% had AS activity. All sites in the 4-6 mm and 7-10 mm categories demonstrated activity of all 3 enzymes. The data were analyzed in terms of enzyme activity/30-s sample and as concentration of enzyme in a standard volume of GCF. Enzyme activity/30-s sample was a different and possibly more sensitive indicator of periodontal pathology than standard clinical parameters. There was a disassociation between clinical parameters and the data for enzyme analysis when it was reported as concentration.
Decreased Binding of Annexin V to Endothelial Cells (2005)

Objective— The cause of the exceedingly high risk of atherothrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not clear but antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and potentially antithrombotic annexin V have been implicated. Methods and Results— Twenty-six women (52±8.2 years) with SLE and a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (SLE cases) were compared with 26 women with SLE but no CVD (SLE controls) and 26 healthy women (population controls). Common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was determined by B-mode ultrasound as a surrogate measure of atherosclerosis. Annexin V binding to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as determined by flow cytometry after 24-hour culture with plasma was decreased when plasma from SLE cases was used (SLE cases versus population controls: P=0.002; SLE cases versus SLE controls P=0.02). Antibodies against cardiolipin were among IgG antibodies causing decreased binding. There was a positive association between annexin V binding and IMT (R=0.73; P<0.001) among S...
An innovative annealing-twinned Ag-Au-Pd bonding wire for IC and LED packaging (2012)

An innovative annealing twinned Ag-(8-30%)Au-(0.01-6%) Pd wire for IC and LED packaging has been developed. It exhibits high thermal stability during aging at 600°C and a small heat affected zone after wire bonding. The mean failure time of this annealing twinned Ag-Au-Pd wire when stressed with a current density of 1.23 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is about double that of the conventional grained Ag-alloy wire. For packaging on Si chips with Al pads, it possesses sufficient intermetallic compounds at the initial as-bonded stage but a slow growth rate during further reliability tests. The excellent reliability of this new bonding wire has been verified in a DDRII BGA IC package and a 0605 LED package. In the LED package, this Ag-alloy wire provides the extra benefit of increasing the light output power (LOP) by about 3.2%.
Molecular Characterization of the Hyperpolarization-activated Cation Channel in Rabbit Heart Sinoatrial Node (1999)

We cloned a cDNA (HAC4) that encodes the hyperpolarization-activated cation channel (If or Ih) by screening a rabbit sinoatrial (SA) node cDNA library using a fragment of rat brain If cDNA. HAC4 is composed of 1150 amino acid residues, and its cytoplasmic N- and C-terminal regions are longer than those of HAC1-3. The transmembrane region of HAC4 was most homologous to partially cloned mouse If BCNG-3 (96%), whereas the C-terminal region of HAC4 showed low homology to all HAC family members so far cloned. Northern blotting revealed that HAC4 mRNA was the most highly expressed in the SA node among the rabbit cardiac tissues examined. The electrophysiological properties of HAC4 were examined using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. In COS-7 cells transfected with HAC4 cDNA, hyperpolarizing voltage steps activated slowly developing inward currents. The half-maximal activation was obtained at -87.2 +/- 2.8 mV under control conditions and at -64.4 +/- 2.6 mV in the presence of intracellular 0.3 mM cAMP. The reversal potential was -34.2 +/- 0.9 mV in 140 mM Na+o and 5 mM K+o versus 10 mM Na+i and 145 mM K+i. These results indicate that HAC4 forms If in rabbit heart SA node.
ABCG1 and HDL protect against endothelial dysfunction in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet (2008)

Plasma HDL levels are inversely related to the incidence of atherosclerotic disease. Some of the atheroprotective effects of HDL are likely mediated via preservation of EC function. Whether the beneficial effects of HDL on ECs depend on its involvement in cholesterol efflux via the ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, which promote efflux of cholesterol and oxysterols from macrophages, has not been investigated. To address this, we assessed endothelial function in Abca1(-/-), Abcg1(-/-), and Abca1(-/-)Abcg1(-/-) mice fed either a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) or a Western diet (WTD). Non-atherosclerotic arteries from WTD-fed Abcg1(-/-) and Abca1(-/-)Abcg1(-/-) mice exhibited a marked decrease in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, while Abca1(-/-) mice had a milder defect. In addition, eNOS activity was reduced in aortic homogenates generated from Abcg1(-/-) mice fed either a HCD or a WTD, and this correlated with decreased levels of the active dimeric form of eNOS. More detailed analysis indicated that ABCG1 was expressed primarily in ECs, and that these cells accumulated the oxysterol 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) when Abcg1(-/-) mice were fed a WTD. Consistent with these data, ABCG1 had a major role in promoting efflux of cholesterol and 7-KC in cultured human aortic ECs (HAECs). Furthermore, HDL treatment of HAECs prevented 7-KC-induced ROS production and active eNOS dimer disruption in an ABCG1-dependent manner. Our data suggest that ABCG1 and HDL maintain EC function in HCD-fed mice by promoting efflux of cholesterol and 7-oxysterols and preserving active eNOS dimer levels.
Stripe electrodes for an electrically controlled gray scale in ferroelectric liquid-crystal devices (1992)

A stripe-electrode structure is proposed for making the electro-optic turn-on curves of ferroelectric liquid-crystal devices gradual and thus giving gray-scale capability. The feature of this structure is that the area that responds insensitively to an applied voltage is introduced into the pixel area. The applied voltage–transmission characteristics measured for a ferroelectric liquid-crystal cell with this stripe-electrode structure were directly related to the spacing and width of the stripe. With the stripe electrodes a cell’s voltage range between the transmission of the off-state level and the on-state saturation level was 3.6 times greater than with the conventional electrodes.
Measuring and Modifying the Spontaneous Emission Rate of Erbium near an Interface (1995)

Erbium implanted sodalime silicate glass was covered with a range of transparent liquids. The spontaneous emission rate of ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ around 1.54 $\ensuremath{\mu}$m shows clear changes depending on the liquid refractive index and Er depth. A rigorous quantum mechanical calculation shows that the effect of the interface on the spontaneous emission rate is fully described by the classical density of optical modes as a function of distance from the interface. The data provide the first direct determination of the radiative transition rate $(45{s}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ at 1.54 $\ensuremath{\mu}$m of ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ which is widely used in optical amplifiers.
Enhancement of Insecticides Against Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) With l-Aspartate in Laboratory and Field Experiments (2014)

The idea of enhancing insecticide efficacy against phytophagous insects with feeding stimulators was proposed as early as the 1960s, and a number of insect feeding stimulators based on sugars, molasses, and cottonseed extracts, biologically active at relatively high (5% and higher) concentrations, have been advocated. Here, we show that an acidic amino acid, L-aspartate, stimulates feeding in codling moth neonates at much lower concentrations and acts as an effective tank-mixed additive for increasing efficacy of insecticides, reducing fruit damage, and increasing yield of the fruit. In laboratory experiments, 1 mg/ml L-aspartate increased foliage consumption by 40-60% and, when added to Assail 30 SG, Baythroid XL, Delegate WG, or Carbaryl 80S, maintained its feeding stimulatory properties and reduced LD50(s) by approximately 10 times. In a 3-yr field trial, addition of L-aspartate to the aforementioned insecticides at 395 g/ha reduced fruit damage from approximately 6%, on average to < 1% for first-generation codling moth, and from approximately 20 to approximately 5% for the second generation. Interestingly, addition of L-aspartate also increased the average weight of apples by 11-27%, as measured at the time of harvest.
Different functional sites on rIFN-<i>alpha</i> 2 and their relation to the cellular receptor binding site. (1987)

Functional domains on the recombinant interferon-alpha 2 (rIFN-alpha 2) molecule, which are involved in antiviral and NK enhancing activities, have been defined by immunochemical mapping with MAb, and their relationship with the IFN cellular receptor binding site has been studied. With 20 different anti-IFN-alpha 2 MAb selected by their binding to 125I-labeled IFN and by immunoprecipitation of the 20 Kd IFN molecule, we have defined three spatially separated epitopes (designated as sites A, B, and C) and two partially overlapping antigenic determinants on the IFN-alpha 2 molecule. Functional relation of IFN-alpha 2 A, B, and C epitopes have been determined by assaying the effect of various anti-IFN MAb on IFN-mediated biologic activities. MAb directed to sites A and B neutralized the antiviral activity of IFN. Furthermore, the MAb specific for site B displayed a neutralizing potency threefold higher than MAb directed to site A. Site B was also involved in the enhancing activity of IFN on NK-mediated cell cytotoxicity, whereas site A was not. MAb directed to site C partially affected the IFN-boosted NK activity but did not neutralize the IFN antiviral activity. Inhibition studies of 125I-IFN binding to human U-937 myelomonocytic cells by anti-IFN MAb demonstrated that MAb directed to site B blocked different IFN biologic functions by preventing its binding to the cellular receptor, whereas MAb directed to sites A and C caused no inhibition and partial inhibition of this binding, respectively.
Murine Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Pyramidal Neurons Integrate into the Cerebral Cortex and Appropriately Project Axons to Subcortical Targets (2010)

Although embryonic stem (ES) cells have been induced to differentiate into diverse neuronal cell types, the production of cortical projection neurons with the correct morphology and axonal connectivity has not been demonstrated. Here, we show that in vitro patterning is critical for generating neural precursor cells (ES-NPCs) competent to form cortical pyramidal neurons. During the first week of neural induction, these ES-NPCs begin to express genes that are specific for forebrain progenitors; an additional week of differentiation produces mature neurons with many features of cortical pyramidal neurons. After transplantation into the murine cerebral cortex, these specified ES-NPCs manifest the correct dendritic and axonal connectivity for their areal location. ES-NPCs transplanted into the deep layers of the motor cortex differentiate into layer 5 pyramidal neurons and extend axons to distant subcortical targets such as the pons and as far caudal as the pyramidal decussation and descending spinal tract and, importantly, do not extend axons to inappropriate targets such as the superior colliculus (SC). ES-NPCs transplanted into the visual cortex extend axons to the dorsal aspect of the SC and pons but avoid ventral SC and the pyramidal tract, whereas cells transplanted deep into the somatosensory cortex project axons to the ventral SC, avoiding the dorsal SC. Thus, these data establish that ES-derived cortical projection neurons can integrate into anatomically relevant circuits.
Morning sickness control in early pregnancy by Neiguan point acupressure. (1992)

Acupressure on the Neiguan point relieves morning sickness.
Fabrication of Nanoporous Block Copolymer Thin Films through Mediation of Interfacial Interactions with UV Cross-Linked Polystyrene (2009)

The fabrication of nanoporous thin films of brominated polystyrene-block- poly(methyl methacrylate) (PBrS-b-PMMA) copolymers by using UV cross-linked PS matte for mediating preferential interfacial interactions to achieve the perpendicular orientation of the microdomains has been reported. Molecular weights and PDI were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the compositions of copolymers were determined by H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with mass densities of two components. Combining mediation of interfacial interactions and solvent annealing produced the nanoporous PBrS-b-PMMA thin film with perpendicular orientation and a high degree of lateral ordering. A particularly attractive feature of PBrS-b-PMMA copolymers is that active Br atoms provide an easy way to functionalize PBrS-b-PMMA copolymer thin films through palladium- catalyzed coupling reactions.
Heterosexual Transmission of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: International Perspectives and National Projections (1987)

The heterosexual transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been documented in the United States by national surveillance data and heterosexual partner studies since the beginning of the epidemic. However, the efficiency of heterosexual transmission and related risk factors remain unclear. Viral transmission from males to their female sexual partners is well documented, although in the United States instances of female-to-male transmission have been observed less frequently. On the other hand, in parts of Africa and Haiti, AIDS appears to be a bidirectional, heterosexually transmitted disease that often occurs concurrently with other sexually transmitted diseases. Although a widespread heterosexual epidemic of AIDS could evolve in the United States, it seems more plausible that, like other sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS will settle in limited segments of the community characterized by certain high-risk behaviors.