gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional MRI of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (1998)

The cortical processing of vestibular information is not hierarchically organized as the processing of signals in the visual and auditory modalities. Anatomic and electrophysiological studies in the monkey revealed the existence of multiple interconnected areas in which vestibular signals converge with visual and/or somatosensory inputs. Although recent functional imaging studies using caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) suggest that vestibular signals in the human cerebral cortex may be similarly distributed, some areas that apparently form essential constituents of the monkey cortical vestibular system have not yet been identified in humans. Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) has been used for almost 200 years for the exploration of the vestibular system. By contrast with CVS, which mediates its effects mainly via the semicircular canals (SCC), GVS has been shown to act equally on SCC and otolith afferents. Because galvanic stimuli can be controlled precisely, GVS is suited ideally for the investigation of the vestibular cortex by means of functional imaging techniques. We studied the brain areas activated by sinusoidal GVS using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). An adapted set-up including LC filters tuned for resonance at the Larmor frequency protected the volunteers against burns through radio-frequency pickup by the stimulation electrodes. Control experiments ensured that potentially harmful effects or degradation of the functional images did not occur. Six male, right-handed volunteers participated in the study. In all of them, GVS induced clear perceptions of body movement and moderate cutaneous sensations at the electrode sites. Comparison with anatomic data on the primate cortical vestibular system and with imaging studies using somatosensory stimulation indicated that most activation foci could be related to the vestibular component of the stimulus. Activation appeared in the region of the temporo-parietal junction, the central sulcus, and the intraparietal sulcus. These areas may be analogous to areas PIVC, 3aV, and 2v, respectively, which form in the monkey brain, the "inner vestibular circle". Activation also occurred in premotor regions of the frontal lobe. Although undetected in previous imaging-studies using CVS, involvement of these areas could be predicted from anatomic data showing projections from the anterior ventral part of area 6 to the inner vestibular circle and the vestibular nuclei. Using a simple paradigm, we showed that GVS can be implemented safely in the fMRI environment. Manipulating stimulus waveforms and thus the GVS-induced subjective vestibular sensations in future imaging studies may yield further insights into the cortical processing of vestibular signals.
Using hypertext in selecting reusable software components (1991)

Article Using hypertext in selecting reusable software components Share on Authors: Michael L. Creech Software and Systems Laboratory, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Bldg 1U, Palo Alto, California Software and Systems Laboratory, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Bldg 1U, Palo Alto, CaliforniaView Profile , Dennis F. Freeze Software and Systems Laboratory, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Bldg 1U, Palo Alto, California Software and Systems Laboratory, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Bldg 1U, Palo Alto, CaliforniaView Profile , Martin L. Griss Software and Systems Laboratory, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Bldg 1U, Palo Alto, California Software and Systems Laboratory, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Bldg 1U, Palo Alto, CaliforniaView Profile Authors Info & Claims HYPERTEXT '91: Proceedings of the third annual ACM conference on HypertextSeptember 1991 Pages 25–38https://doi.org/10.1145/122974.122978Online:01 September 1991Publication History 24citation386DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations24Total Downloads386Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Structure, expression, and chromosomal location of the human c-fgr gene. (1986)

The nucleotide sequence of seven exons of the human c-fgr gene, a cellular homolog of the oncogene of Gardner-Rasheed feline sarcoma virus, was determined. Twenty-six independent genomic clones were obtained from a human gene library with a DNA clone of Y73 avian sarcoma virus oncogene, v-yes, as a probe under relaxed hybridization conditions. Restriction mapping and partial sequence analyses revealed that two of these clones were derived from the c-fgr gene, distinct from the c-yes gene. Interestingly, the splicing points of the c-fgr gene were identical with those of the c-src gene throughout the seven exons, suggesting that the two proto-oncogenes were generated by gene duplication of an ancestral gene containing intervening sequences. On RNA blot hybridization the major transcript was found to be 2.6 kilobase long. Two additional transcripts of 3.5 and 4.7 kilobases were also detected. Furthermore, karyotype analysis of several human-mouse hybrid cells and Southern blot analyses of DNAs of the hybrids with a human c-fgr locus-specific probe showed that this gene is located on chromosome 1.
HIV-1 protease inhibitor ritonavir modulates susceptibility to apoptosis of uninfected T cells. (1999)

Based on our data, we conclude that the HIV-1 PI ritonavir is an immune modulator that may affect leukocyte activation and apoptosis as an important part of its therapeutic benefit.
Site‐Specific Polymer Conjugation Stabilizes Therapeutic Enzymes in the Gastrointestinal Tract (2015)

The site-specific conjugation of polymers to multiple engineered cysteine residues of a prolyl endopeptidase leads to its stabilization in the gastrointestinal tract of rats, without compromising the activity relative to the native enzyme. The importance of polymer attachment sites is investigated, as well as the significance of polymer structure.
Geolocation-Based Architecture for Heterogeneous Spectrum Usage in 5G (2015)

It is becoming clear that one key characteristic of 5G communication systems will be heterogeneity. Heterogeneity is important to be able to reuse equipment that is available, extract maximum capacity from what is allowed to be used in given spectrum bands and locations due to regulatory limitations, and to match capabilities to the extremely wide range of use cases of 5G. Importantly, this heterogeneity will extend to the use of a range of different spectrum bands and spectrum types. Moreover, 5G must be supported extensively by lower-frequency options; millimeter-wave will be groundbreaking, but for propagation reasons can't be the only solution to serve 5G, e.g., in achieving five-nines reliability. A key to realising lower-frequency spectrum for broadband (including mobile) communications systems is spectrum sharing. This has been emphasised by various reports by bodies such as the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology in the US, and the European Commission in the EU. It is also noted that high-profile efforts such as TV White Space (TVWS) and the 3.5 GHz "Innovation Band" in the US imply geolocation database-assisted spectrum sharing as the solution to realising this extra capacity. This paper proposes the broad introduction of a geolocation database-based system to assist heterogeneous spectrum usage and spectrum sharing in 5G - both to enable 5G systems to use spectrum assigned to other services (e.g., TV spectrum, as in the TVWS example), and to enable 5G systems operating under different operators/owners to share spectrum with each other. This paper also argues for the geolocation databases to act as a management capability among secondary/opportunistic networks and devices, to better allocate resources, or combinations (aggregations) thereof, in the light of traffic requirements. The benefits of the approach are shown through reference to performances achieved by the authors within a major regulator-driven trial of TVWS in the UK. Further architectural observations are derived based on those performances. It is important to note that this paper only proposes the high-level nature of such an architecture. Extensive detail is currently impossible to provide given that the basic architectural assumptions for 5G systems are not yet known.
Poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) films formed from extrusion and coagulation of liquid crystalline sulphuric acid solutions: Characterization of orientation and void structure, annealing, and upgrading of film mechanical properties (1984)

Abstract Poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD‐T) films have been prepared by continuous extrusion of liquid crystalline 17 percent PPD‐T/sulphuric acid solutions through an annular die followed by coagulation, Films extruded without drawdown exhibit some polymer chain orientation in the machine direction. This is increased by uniaxially drawing down films. Films produced with a lubricated conical mandrel sitting between the die and the coagulation bath exhibit an equal biaxial orientation. The uniaxially oriented films exhibit highly anisotropic mechanical properties, while the mandrel‐produced film exhibits balanced properties. Heat treatment at 350°C results in significant enhancement of the tensile strength of the mandrel film. Void structures in the films have been investigated by mass density, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Density measurement indicate a void content decreasing with decreasing film thickness and heat treatment. SEM locates micron‐size voids in the thickest films, apparently caused by rapid coagulation. SAXS indicates much smaller void sixes which are roughly prolate ellipsoids (long axis in machine direction) for uniaxial films and oblate ellipsoids (short axis in thickness direction) for the mandrel produced films. Various techniques are used to estimate mean void size.
Progression of Early Carotid Atherosclerosis Is Only Temporarily Reduced After Antibiotic Treatment of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> Seropositivity (2004)

The only limited positive impact of antibiotic therapy on early atherosclerosis progression in Cp-positive patients observed in our study may explain the negative results of most antibiotic trials on clinical end points.
RE-BUNCHING RF CAVITIES AND HYBRID QUADRUPOLES FOR THE RAL FRONT-END TEST STAND (FETS)* (2006)

The proposed FETS project at RAL will test a fast beam chopper in a 3.0 MeV H - Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line. Space restrictions in the MEBT line place constraints on component length and drive the requirement to identify compact component configurations. A description is given of candidate rebunching RF cavities and hybrid quadrupole designs. The cavity options considered are the space efficient Drift Tube Linac type cavity (DTL) with integrated quadrupoles, and the high shunt impedance Coupled Cavity Linac type cavity (CCL) with external quadrupoles. The advantages and disadvantages of both structures are discussed and a comprehensive comparison between the two is made enabling the best cavity geometry choice. The compact hybrid quadrupole configurations considered are the 'tandem' combination of permanent magnet (PMQ) and electro-magnetic (EMQ) types, and the concentric combination of PMQ and laminar conductor (Lambertson) EMQ types.
Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline Composite Nanofibers: Facile Synthesis and Chemosensors (2011)

An initiator is applied to synthesize single-walled carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite nanofibers for use as high-performance chemosensors. The composite nanofibers possess widely tunable conductivities (10(-4) to 10(2) S/cm) with up to 5.0 wt % single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) loadings. Chemosensors fabricated from the composite nanofibers synthesized with a 1.0 wt % SWCNT loading respond much more rapidly to low concentrations (100 ppb) of HCl and NH(3) vapors compared to polyaniline nanofibers alone (120 s vs 1000 s). These nanofibrillar SWCNT/polyaniline composite nanostructures are promising materials for use as low-cost disposable sensors and as electrodes due to their widely tunable conductivities.
[Effect of E-selectin A561C (S128R) polymorphism on blood pressure]. (2005)

The E-selectin A561C (S128R) polymorphism might affect blood pressure in Chinese.
Electrical Properties of Al/(Ba<sub>X</sub>Ca<sub>1-X</sub>)F<sub>2</sub>/i-Diamond Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Structures (1999)

Various Al/(Ba X Ca 1- X )F 2 / i -diamond metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures were prepared, and their electrical properties were closely investigated for the first time. The C - V characteristics and surface state density distributions revealed that the surface state density of the MIS interface decreases as the ratio of the Ba constituent in an insulator increases, which reconfirms our previous view about the role of Ba atoms in an insulator: adsorbed oxygen on the diamond surface was eliminated via strong chemical reaction of constituent Ba atoms with oxygen during film deposition, and electrical stabilization of the diamond surface was obtained by reduction of the adsorbed oxygen. In the case of Al/(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )F 2 / i -diamond MIS structure, a low surface state density (from ∼10 10 to ∼10 11 /(cm 2 ·eV)) was observed in the vicinity of the valence band edge, and an efficient electrical modulation of the surface band was obtained. This result indicates that (Ba X Ca 1- X )F 2 / i -diamond structure is a promising candidate for application to diamond MIS devices.
Studies on the Synthesis of 3-Alkyl-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydro-s-triazolo [4, 3-b] [1, 2, 4] triazine-6, 7-diones. (1960)

The chemical structure of the compounds found by the reaction of cyanogen bromide and acylhydrazines was determined as 2-alkyl-5-amino-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles (I). 3-Alkyl-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydro-s-triazolo [4, 3-b] [1, 2, 4] triazine-6, 7-diones (III), which are listed in Table III, were prepared from 4, 5-diamino-1, 2, 4-triazoles (II) and diethyl oxalate. Several unreported intermediates of these compounds - 2-alkyl-5-amino-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles (I) and 4, 5-diamino-1, 2, 4-triazoles (II)-were also prepared and are listed in Tables I and II.
Penicillin-binding proteins from Erwinia amylovora: mutants lacking PBP2 are avirulent (1993)

Radiolabelled penicillin G was used to examine penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) from Erwinia amylovora (OT1). This procedure identified seven PBPs with molecular masses ranging from 22 to 83 kDa. E. amylovora PBPs were compared with those from Escherichia coli (JM101) and from two spherical, avirulent TnphoA mutants derived from OT1. Radiolabelled penicillin G bound to only six proteins from the spherical mutants which lacked a 69-kDa PBP. The spherical mutants could be complemented by the cloned E. coli pbpA-rodA operon, which restored both cell shape and virulence to apple seedlings. This suggested that the E. amylovora 69-kDa PBP is probably the functional equivalent of the E. coli PBP2 protein. Southern blot analysis using the E. coli rodA and pbpA genes as radiolabelled probes showed that TnphoA had inserted into the E. amylovora equivalent of the E. coli rodA-pbpA operon. Southern blots to chromosomal DNAs of the two spherical mutants, using the cloned hrp and dsp genes from E. amylovora as radiolabelled probes, confirmed that the TnphoA insertions were not located in the region of the E. amylovora chromosome postulated to encode known virulence factors. Both of the spherical TnphoA mutants synthesized amounts of extracellular polysaccharide equivalent to those synthesized by the wild-type strain (OT1), were resistant to lysis in distilled water and to lysozyme, and elicited the hypersensitive response on nonhost plants. These results indicate a possible role for cell shape in the virulence of this plant pathogen.
Cardiac-restricted angiotensin-converting enzyme overexpression causes conduction defects and connexin dysregulation (2007)

Renin-angiotensin (RAS) system activation is associated with an increased risk of sudden death. Previously, we used cardiac-restricted angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) overexpression to construct a mouse model of RAS activation. These ACE 8/8 mice die prematurely and abruptly. Here, we have investigated cardiac electrophysiological abnormalities that may contribute to early mortality in this model. In ACE 8/8 mice, surface ECG voltages are reduced. Intracardiac electrograms showed atrial and ventricular potential amplitudes of 11% and 24% compared with matched wild-type (WT) controls. The atrioventricular (AV), atrio-Hisian (AH), and Hisian-ventricular (HV) intervals were prolonged 2.8-, 2.6-, and 3.9-fold, respectively, in ACE 8/8 vs. WT mice. Various degrees of AV nodal block were present only in ACE 8/8 mice. Intracardiac electrophysiology studies demonstrated that WT and heterozygote (HZ) mice were noninducible, whereas 83% of ACE 8/8 mice demonstrated ventricular tachycardia with burst pacing. Atrial connexin 40 (Cx40) and connexin 43 (Cx43) protein levels, ventricular Cx43 protein level, atrial and ventricular Cx40 mRNA abundances, ventricular Cx43 mRNA abundance, and atrial and ventricular cardiac Na(+) channel (Scn5a) mRNA abundances were reduced in ACE 8/8 compared with WT mice. ACE 8/8 mice demonstrated ventricular Cx43 dephosphorylation. Atrial and ventricular L-type Ca(2+) channel, Kv4.2 K(+) channel alpha-subunit, and Cx45 mRNA abundances and the peak ventricular Na(+) current did not differ between the groups. In isolated heart preparations, a connexin blocker, 1-heptanol (0.5 mM), produced an electrophysiological phenotype similar to that seen in ACE 8/8 mice. Therefore, cardiac-specific ACE overexpression resulted in changes in connexins consistent with the phenotype of low-voltage electrical activity, conduction defects, and induced ventricular arrhythmia. These results may help explain the increased risk of arrhythmia in states of RAS activation such as heart failure.
Bacterial vaccines for fish--an update of the current situation worldwide. (2005)

During the last few years, the use of vaccines for disease prevention in aquaculture has expanded both with regard to the number of fish species and number of microbial diseases. According to the responses to a questionnaire received from 41 countries, vaccination is used in the commercial aquaculture of species like Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (Sparus aurata), barramundi (Lates calcarifer), tilapia (Tilapia spp), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.), yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata), purplish and gold-striped amberjack (Seriola dumereli), striped jack (Pseudocaranx dentex) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The range of bacterial infections for which vaccines are commercially available now comprises classical vibriosis (Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio ordalii), furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida), cold-water vibriosis (Vibrio salmonicida), yersiniosis (Yersinia ruckeri), pasteurellosis (Photobacterium damselae supsp. piscicida), edwardsiellosis (Edwardsiella ictaluri), winter ulcer (Moritella viscosa), and streptococcosis/lactococcosis (Streptococcus iniae, Lactococcus garviae). Furthermore, experimental vaccines are used against diseases such as infection with Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damsela subsp. damsela in barramundi, piscirickettsiosis and bacterial kidney disease in salmonids, as well as infection with Flexibacter maritimus (now: Tenacibaculum maritimum) in turbot. There was good agreement between the information received from different sources in the same country. Most vaccines are licensed products, but some non-licensed vaccines are also used in commercial fish farms. Most bacterial vaccines are inactivated products and recombinant vaccine technology has so far been used to a very limited extent. Salmonid fish are usually immunised with multivalent vaccines by intraperitoneal injection. In marine fish species vaccination is generally performed by immersion, but use of injection vaccination is increasing, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Only limited use of orally administered fish vaccines is reported. In general, the effect of vaccination against bacterial infections is good. The best protection is obtained with injectable, adjuvanted vaccines. However, injection-site adverse reactions often occur when such products are used.
UV laser photo-induced refractive index changes in poly-methyl-meth-acrylate and plastic optical fibres for application as sensors and devices (2000)

Initial attempts to photo-induce refractive mdcx changes in bulk poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and in PMMA based plastic optical fibres (POF) using UV light are described. Optimum changes have been achieved at 216 nm, causing path length changes of 10π, corresponding to possible refractive index modulation of between 5 and 14 % over thicknesses up to 100 μm. The effects of refractive index changes on the far field modal distribution of tapered PMMA plastic optical fibres are described.
A location system using asynchronous distributed sensors (2004)

This paper describes a location system using an asynchronous distributed sensor network. The sensors' clocks operate independently and are not explicitly synchronized. The motion of the source, or the object, between two emitted pulses will cause the inter-arrival time of these two pulses at each sensor to vary. This inter-arrival time is a function of the source location and motion and is independent of the clock offsets among sensors. Thus, the independently calculated time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) of successive pulses at each sensor provides a reliable source of information to estimate the source position as well as its motion. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived to assess the performance of the proposed method and to show that its performance can approach that of a synchronous network given a sufficient number of sensors and moderate source movement. Some sub-optimal but effective source trajectory tracking methods are proposed which further relax the assumption of source motion between consecutive pulses. The simulation results show that the proposed estimation and tracking methods are quite good.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF EREYNETES (ACARI: PROSTIGMATA: EREYNETIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH BARK BEETLES (1989)

Ereynetes propescutulis n. sp. and E. sinescutulis n. sp. are described and illustrated. Both species are phoretic on bark beetles. Trapping data indicates that E. propescutulis is phoretic on the female bark beetle.
Cultivation of the Bacillus of Whipple's Disease (2000)

We cultivated the bacterium of Whipple's disease, detected specific antibodies in tissue from the source patient, and generated specific antibodies in mice to be used in the immunodetection of the microorganism in tissues. The development of a serologic test for Whipple's disease may now be possible.
Evidence of Zika Virus Infection in Brain and Placental Tissues from Two Congenitally Infected Newborns and Two Fetal Losses — Brazil, 2015 (2016)

Evidence of Zika Virus Infection in Brain and Placental Tissues from Two Congenitally Infected Newborns and Two Fetal Losses — Brazil, 2015 Roosecelis Brasil Martines, MD, PhD1; Julu Bhatnagar, PhD1; M. Kelly Keating, DVM1; Luciana Silva-Flannery, PhD1; Atis Muehlenbachs, MD, PhD1; Joy Gary, DVM, PhD1; Cynthia Goldsmith, MS1; Gillian Hale, MD1; Jana Ritter, DVM1; Dominique Rollin, MD1; Wun-Ju Shieh, MD, PhD1; Kleber G. Luz, MD, PhD2; Ana Maria de Oliveira Ramos, MD, PhD3; Helaine Pompeia Freire Davi, MD, PhD4; Wanderson Kleber de Oliveria, MD5; Robert Lanciotti, PhD6; Amy Lambert, PhD6; Sherif Zaki, MD, PhD1