gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Requirement for genes with homology to ABC transport systems for attachment and virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1996)

Transposon mutants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens which were avirulent and unable to attach to plant cells were isolated and described previously. A clone from a library of Agrobacterium tumefaciens DNA which was able to complement these chromosomal att mutants was identified. Tn3HoHo1 insertions in this clone were made and used to replace the wild-type genes in the bacterial chromosome by marker exchange. The resulting mutants were avirulent and showed either no or very much reduced attachment to carrot suspension culture cells. We sequenced a 10-kb region of this clone and found a putative operon containing nine open reading frames (ORFs) (attA1A2BCDEFGH). The second and third ORFs (attA2 and attB) showed homology to genes encoding the membrane-spanning proteins (potB and potH; potC and potI) of periplasmic binding protein-dependent (ABC) transport systems from gram-negative bacteria. The homology was strongest to proteins involved in the transport of spermidine and putrescine. The first and fifth ORFs (attA1 and attE) showed homology to the genes encoding ATP-binding proteins of these systems including potA, potG, and cysT from Escherichia coli; occP from A. tumefaciens; cysA from Synechococcus spp.; and ORF-C from an operon involved in the attachment of Campylobacte jejuni. The ability of mutants in these att genes to bind to host cells was restored by addition of conditioned medium during incubation of the bacteria with host cells.
Floating Gate Planar Devices (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Cell Structres and Operation Memory Array Circuitry Process Technology Degradation Mechanisms Typical Current-Voltage (I-V) Characteristics This chapter contains sections titled: References
Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 6. Biologically active marine and terrestrial alkaloid glycosides (2005)

This review article presents 209 alkaloid glycosides isolated and identified from plants, microorganisms, and marine invertebrates that demonstrate different biological activities. They are of great interest, especially for the medicinal and/or pharmaceutical industries. These biologically active glycosides have good potential for future chemical preparation of compounds useful as antioxidants, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antibacterial agents. These glycosidic compounds have been subdivided into several groups, including: acridone; aporphine; benzoxazinoid; ergot; indole; enediyne alkaloidal antibiotics; glycosidic lupine alkaloids; piperidine, pyridine, pyrrolidine, and pyrrolizidine alkaloid glycosides; glycosidic quinoline and isoquinoline alkaloids; steroidal glycoalkaloids; and miscellaneous alkaloid glycosides.
Using graphs to explore databases and create reports (1990)

In most information systems that use them, graphs "illustrate" the numbers in a crosstab- or list-style report. However, they can also be employed both to explore a database to locate wanted data, and to retrieve data from the database to create a report.
Localization and map-building of mobile robot based on RFID sensor fusion system (2008)

In this paper, we propose an improved localization system for an indoor mobile robot using RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) system and wheel encoders. Nowadays, RFID technology is widely used in the robot field. We investigate recent RFID localization system based on (passive) tag-floor for mobile robot, and analyze the problems and limitation of previous researches. First, RFID and wheel encoder localization system’s uncertainty, which may result in inaccurate location data, is modeled. And then, the algorithm for estimating each uncertainty is proposed for localization. Finally, a proposed algorithm successfully demonstrated through simulation experiments conducted under certain assumption.
Analysis of expiratory tidal flow patterns as a diagnostic tool in airflow obstruction (1998)

An index obtained from tidal expiration, the ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow (tPTEF) to expiratory time (tE), discriminates between groups with and without airflow obstruction in infants and children and correlates with other measurements of airflow obstruction in adults. The aim of this study was to determine whether the diagnosis of airflow obstruction could be made from an analysis of the later part of the expiratory tidal flow time curve, i.e beyond the maximum flow. One hundred and eighteen patients attending the lung function laboratory with a putative diagnosis of airflow obstruction were studied. From uncoached tidal breathing, measurements were made of the average time constant of the respiratory system (Trs) and extrapolated volume (EV). Forced expiratory spirometry and whole-body plethysmography were performed. In this cross-sectional study, Trs correlated with inspiratory airways resistance and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), according to the linear regression equations, airway resistance (Raw)=3.03 Trs+1.2, r=0.65, p<0.001, and FEV1% predicted = 87.8-23.7 Trs, r=058, p<0.001. EV correlated positively with overinflation, functional residual capacity (FRC) % pred = 152 EV+103, r=0.68, p<0.001. This study shows that there is a relationship between these measurements made from analysis of tidal breathing and recognized measurements of airflow obstruction and overinflation.
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the human growth hormone structural gene (1979)

An almost complete cDNA copy of human growth hormone has been cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence confirms the known protein sequence and predicts the sequence of a precursor region of 26 amino acids. We have compared the nucleotide sequence to that for the homolgous proteins, rat growth hormone and human chorionic somatomammotropin (Seeburg et al. and Shine et al., Nature 270, 486 (1977)). There appears to be evolutionary conservation of mRNA sequence features not related to protein structure.
Mechanism of Laminin Chain Assembly into a Triple-Stranded Coiled-Coil Structure (1996)

Laminin, a basement membrane glycoprotein, is a heterotrimer with alpha, beta, and gamma chains held together by a triple-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coil structure. Recently, a short peptide sequence at the C-terminus of the alpha-helical domain of each chain was identified as a critical site for the initiation of laminin chain assembly. Synthetic peptides, B1 and B2 (51-mers from the mouse laminin beta 1 and gamma 1 chains respectively) and M (55-mer from the laminin alpha 2 chain), containing these sites were able to assemble into a triple-stranded coiled-coil structure with chain-specific interactions [Nomizu, M., Otaka, A., Utani, A., Roller, P. P., & Yamada, Y. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 30386-30392]. Here we focus on the mechanism of laminin assembly and examine the conformation and stability of the peptides under various conditions using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Dependence on chain length for the conformation and stability of trimers suggests that 51-mers for laminin beta 1 and gamma 1 chains and a 55-mer for the laminin alpha 2 chain are critical to attain high thermal stability (T m = 62 degrees C), similar to the larger fragments (approximately 200-mers) and to intact laminins. Since the conformation and stability are dependent on pH and the B1 and B2 monomers and the B1-B2 dimer conformations are partially destroyed at neutral pH, it is likely that they contain intra- and/or interchain repulsions by acidic residues. Moreover, the B1-B2 dimer was significantly more stable under acidic conditions, while the B1-B2/M trimer appears to dissociate into separate B1-B2 and M peptides at pH 2. Urea-induced denaturation showed that the B1-B2/M was more stable than the B1-B2, while both complexes showed virtually identical guanidine hydrochloride denaturation curves. Our data indicate that ionic interactions between B1-B2 and M are critical for the specific trimer formation. We propose a mechanism for laminin assembly: (1) A heterodimer B1-B2 is preferentially formed and creates an acidic pocket which provides a less stable structure due to intra- and intermolecular repulsions between acidic amino acids. (2) A basic site in the M peptide interacts specifically with the acidic pocket of the B1-B2 dimer and results in assembly into a more stable triple-stranded coiled-coil structure.
Investigations into the efficacy of methyhlphosphonic acid functionalised 1,4,7-triazacyclononane ligands in bleaching catalysis (2007)

In an attempt to reduce the dye and fabric damage caused by manganese complexes of 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane previously employed as low temperature bleaching catalysts in domestic laundry formulations, a novel series of analogues with chelating phosphonic acid pendant arms has been prepared. In order to identify possible bleaching catalysts more rapidly, and with reduced environmental impact, a bleaching screening test has been developed that seeks to identify metal–ligand combinations that may represent active low temperature bleaching catalysts. Of the four methylphosphonic acid containing ligands tested in combination with a range of transition metal salts, only two metal–ligand combinations with manganese salts displayed sufficient activity to take forward for further testing, with the efficacy of the ligands in the oxidative removal of stains decreasing as the number of pendant arms increased. Both of the active ligand systems produced greater dye damage than existing bleach activators, with the ligand with a single methylphosphonic acid pendant arm being particularly aggressive towards stained fabrics sensitive to oxidative damage. This indicates that the systematic addition of chelating pendant arms, whilst tempering the activity of the complexes as bleaching catalysts, unfortunately does not provide a solution to the problem of dye and fabric damage. In contrast to the activity observed in the bleaching screen, the activity of the manganese–ligand combinations in the epoxidation of some alkene substrates was found to bear no relation to the number of methylphosphonic acid pendant arms.
Genome Scan for Linkage to Asthma Using a Linkage Disequilibrium‐lod Score Test (2001)

We report a genome-wide linkage study of asthma on the German and Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Asthma (CSGA) data. Using a combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium test and the nonparametric linkage score, we identified 13 markers from the German data, 1 marker from the African American (CSGA) data, and 7 markers from the Caucasian (CSGA) data in which the p-values ranged between 0.0001 and 0.0100. From our analysis and taking into account previous published linkage studies of asthma, we suggest that three regions in chromosome 5 (around D5S418, D5S644, and D5S422), one region in chromosome 6 (around three neighboring markers D6S1281, D6S291, and D6S1019), one region in chromosome 11 (around D11S2362), and two regions in chromosome 12 (around D12S351 and D12S324) especially merit further investigation.
Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis for the Multiparameter Characterization and Counting of Nanoparticle Suspensions (2012)

Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) provides direct and real time visualization, sizing, and counting of particulate materials between 10 nm and 1 μm in liquid suspension. The technique works on a particle-by-particle basis, relating the degree of movement under Brownian motion to the sphere equivalent hydrodynamic diameter particle size, allowing high resolution particle size distributions to be obtained within minutes. Here we describe application of NTA to the analysis of 100 nm polystyrene nanospheres in liquid suspension. The technique can be adapted for use with nearly all particulate materials with sizes between 10 nm and 1 μm.
The key role of zwitterionic species in the conversion of ureas into isocyanates in aqueous solution. Hydrolysis of 1-phenylcarbamoylimidazole (1974)

N-Phenylcarbamoylimidazole (2) is converted into aniline and imidazole near neutral pH but is relatively unreactive in acidic and basic solution. The rate of hydrolysis of (2) varies in a complex way as the pH of the medium [H2O; 30°; µ= 1·0 (KCl)] is changed, reaching two maxima at pH ca. 4·5 and 10·0. It is proposed that the zwitterionic tautomer (4) of (2) is the reactive species over the entire pH range [except in highly basic solution where the conjugate base of (2) reacts]. The rate of decomposition of the zwitterion (to imidazole and phenyl isocyanate initially) is so rapid (t½ca. 10–4 s) that the diffusion-controlled proton transfers involved in the formation of the zwitterion become rate limiting in the pH region 4–10. Addition of sufficient concentration of general acids or bases (except imidazole) can cause a change in the rate-limiting step to zwitterion decomposition in this pH region. Data are also presented for 1-phenylcarbamoylbenzimidazole (14), 1-(p-bromophenylcarbamoyl)imidazole (11), and 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenylcarbamoylpyrazole (12) and are interpreted similarly. The catalysis of the diffusion-controlled proton transfer steps by primary, secondary, and tertiary amine catalysts is investigated in detail for the hydrolysis of (14). Addition of low concentrations (< 5 × 10–5M) of imidazole in neutral solution initially increases the rate of hydrolysis of (2)(imidazole acting as a general acid–base) but high concentrations of imidazole actually retard the overall rate of hydrolysis of (2). This is interpreted in terms of imidazole acting as an efficient trap for the phenyl isocyanate intermediate, thus regenerating the substrate.
Aboriginal music: Education for living. Cross-cultural experiences from South Australia (1986)

Abstract In the last two years (1984-85) two major books in Australian musicology have focussed on ethnomusicology, even more precisely, on Australian Aboriginal music. The first, reviewed in Musicology Australia VIII, was a series of essays (the majority on Aboriginal music) in honour of Alice M. Moyle.1 Catherine J. Ellis and Alice M. Moyle have both been involved continuously in research and publication in Aboriginal music for the last quarter-century and have done much to determine the direction of this area of Australian musicological research. With one or two others, 2 Trevor A. Jones is the most prominent of the others. they were pioneers at a time (c. 1960) when Aboriginal music was considered scarcely worthy of serious study by most music scholars, and even the discipline of musicology itself was only just emerging as a systematic subject in Australia.
An Automatic Non-Linear Distortion Analyzer (1951)

This paper describes a system for automatically recording the non-linear distortion frequency characteristic of a loudspeaker. The system consists of the standard automatic recorder for obtaining the response frequency characteristic, coupled with a system of electronically switched high pass filters which suppress the fundamental, and pass the harmonics for obtaining the distortion frequency characteristic. Two characteristics are obtained on the same graph sheet, namely, the response frequency characteristic and the distortion frequency characteristic. The vertical displacement between the two characteristics thus obtained gives the amount of distortion at any frequency.
Architecture and circuit design of a 6-GOPS signal processor for QAM demodulator applications (1995)

―A QAM processor for applications in QAM demodulators with baud rates of up to 60 Mbaud and modulation schemes of up to 1024 QAM has been implemented on a single chip. The chip performs 11-tap complex-valued adaptive time-domain equalization and the complete digital base-band signal processing of high-capacity QAM demodulators. This includes frequency-domain slope equalization and the digital parts of the timing and carrier recovery as well as the gain and offset control for the A-to-D converters. The equalizer can be operated in baud spaced and half-baud spaced mode and can also be applied for cross-polarization interference cancellation. The computational power of the QAM processor exceeds 6 giga-multiply-accumulate operations per second. Fabricated in an 1.0-μm CMOS technology on a silicon area of 185 mm 2 this 800 K-transistor chip demonstrates the potential of such low-cost technologies. The maximum clock frequency under worst-case conditions is 60 MHz. The corresponding power dissipation is 4.2 W.
Topotecan and methotrexate alter expression of the apoptosis-related genes BCL2, FAS and BCL2L12 in leukemic HL-60 cells (2006)

The BCL2 family of genes (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2; Bcl-2) plays a pivotal role in the highly regulated process of apoptosis. We have recently cloned a newly identified member of this family, BCL2L12, which was found to be differentially expressed in many tumors. It is known that topotecan and methotrexate act through induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. In the present study we investigated the expression profile of the novel apoptotic gene BCL2L12 in relation to other apoptotic genes in the human leukemic cell line HL-60, after treatment with topotecan or methotrexate. The kinetics of apoptosis induction and cell toxicity were investigated by DNA laddering and the MTT method, respectively. Gene expression levels were analyzed by RT-PCR using gene-specific primers. Downregulation of BCL2L12, BCL2 and FAS was observed after treatment of HL-60 cells with topotecan, while treatment with methotrexate led to downregulation of BCL2 and FAS, with no change in BCL2L12 expression. Our results support the significance of mRNA modulations in the expression of apoptosis-related genes during treatment of human leukemic cells with anticancer drugs.
A time-frequency respiration tracking system using non-contact bed sensors with harmonic artifact rejection (2015)

Sleep apnea is a breathing disorder that affects many individuals and has been associated with serious health conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Clinical diagnosis of sleep apnea requires that a patient spend the night in a sleep clinic while being wired up to numerous obtrusive sensors. We are developing a system that utilizes respiration rate and breathing amplitude inferred from non-contact bed sensors (i.e. load cells placed under bed supports) to detect sleep apnea. Multi-harmonic artifacts generated either biologically or as a result of the impulse response of the bed have made it challenging to track respiration rate and amplitude with high resolution in time. In this paper, we present an algorithm that can accurately track respiration on a second-by-second basis while removing noise harmonics. The algorithm is tested using data collected from 5 patients during overnight sleep studies. Respiration rate is compared with polysomnography estimations of respiration rate estimated by a technician following clinical standards. Results indicate that certain subjects exhibit a large harmonic component of their breathing signal that can be removed by our algorithm. When compared with technician transcribed respiration rates using polysomnography signals, we demonstrate improved accuracy of respiration rate tracking using harmonic artifact rejection (mean error: 0.18 breaths/minute) over tracking not using harmonic artifact rejection (mean error: -2.74 breaths/minute).
Maternal administration of valaciclovir in symptomatic intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection (2007)

Maternal oral administration of VACV leads to therapeutic concentrations in the maternal and fetal compartments, with a decrease in VLFB. Our results suggest that in cases where TOP is declined, a randomised controlled trial to study this treatment option further is indicated.
SEAMS: A Signaling Layer for End-Host-Assisted Middlebox Services (2012)

On-path network elements, such as NATs and firewalls, are an accepted commonality in today's networks. They are essential when extending network functionality and providing additional security. However, these so called middleboxes are not explicitly considered in the original TCP/IP-based network architecture. As a result, the protocols of the TCP/IP suite provide middleboxes with the same information about data flows as packet-forwarding routers. Yet, middleboxes typically perform complex functions within the network that require additional knowledge. Inferring this knowledge from observing the sparse information available in network packets requires these devices to base their decisions on ambiguous or forgeable data. In this paper, we first discuss problems arising from insufficient information and identify the resulting informational requirements of middleboxes. We then propose SEAMS, a signaling layer that provides middleboxes with descriptive and verifiable data flow contexts in addition to the IP address and port information that many middleboxes use today. Specifically, SEAMS enables middleboxes to request and use detailed information about the host, application, and user that is accessible at the communicating end hosts. This information can then be used to provide more secure and richer middlebox functions in home and enterprise network scenarios. Our evaluation shows that SEAMS is a feasible addition to TCP/IP-based networks and that it scales well in the presence of multiple on-path middleboxes.
Defect crystal structure of new TiO(OH)2 hydroxide and related lithium salt Li2TiO3 (2010)

Crystal structures of TiO(OH)(2) and Li(2)TiO(3) have been studied in detail and refined using X-ray powder diffraction data. Both compounds possess a high concentration of defects in the structure. The crystal structure of the Li(2)TiO(3) salt obtained at 700 degrees C reveals stacking faults of LiTi(2) metal layers, which leads to the appearance of short-range order in three possible space groups: C2/c, C2/m, P3(1)12. The possibility to stabilise this imperfect state increases the mobility of the Li(+) ions in the structure and allows the complete exchange of lithium by hydrogen in acid water solutions with formation of TiO(OH)(2). The crystal structure of TiO(OH)(2) belongs to the layered double hydroxide structure type with the 3R(1) sequence of oxygen layers and can be described as a stacking of charge-neutral metal oxyhydroxide slabs [(OH)(2)OTi(2)O(OH)(2)]. TiO(OH)(2) is the first layered double hydroxide structure formed by a cation with oxidation state +4 only.
Addition of bevacizumab enhances antitumor activity of erlotinib against non-small cell lung cancer xenografts depending on VEGF expression (2014)

These results support that combined with anti-VEGF therapy could enhance antitumor activity of anti-EGFR therapy and/or partially reverse resistance to EGFR TKI, by increasing EGFR TKI concentration in specific tumors that express high levels of VEGF protein.
PATRIOT-a boundary-scan test and diagnosis system (2003)

A boundary-scan test and diagnosis system (PATRIOT) for detecting and locating defective chips and interconnects on printed-circuit boards is presented. These printed-circuit boards must be designed with boundary-scan chips conforming to the IEEE 1149.1 Standard. The PATRIOT system consists of interconnect test generation software, protocol interface firmware, X-window user interface, and a hardware test controller. It can be linked to any workstation or PC computer which has a SCSI-bus interface. PATRIOT uses the hardware test controller to coordinate data transfer between the computer and the printed-circuit boards. Up to four boards can be tested and diagnosed simultaneously.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>