gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D automatic anatomy segmentation based on graph cut-oriented active appearance models (2010)

In this paper, we propose a novel 3D automatic anatomy segmentation method based on the synergistic combination of active appearance models (AAM), live wire (LW) and graph cut (GC). The proposed method consists of three main parts: model building, initialization and segmentation. For the model building part, an AAM model is constructed and the LW cost function is trained. For the initialization part, an improved iterative model refinement algorithm is proposed for the AAM optimization, which synergistically combines the AAM and LW method (OAAM). And a multi-object strategy is applied to help the object initialization. A pseudo 3D initialization strategy is employed to segment the organs slice by slice via multi-object OAAM method. The model constraints are applied to the initialization result. For the segmentation part, the object shape information generated from the initialization step is integrated into the GC cost computation. And an iterative GCOAAM method is proposed for object delineation. This method is a general method and can be applied to any organ segmentation. The proposed method was tested on the clinical liver and kidney CT data sets. The results showed the following: (a) an overall segmentation accuracy of true positive fraction>93.5%, and false positive fraction<0.2% can be achieved. (b) The initialization performance is improved by combining the AAM and LW. (c) The multi-object strategy greatly helps the initialization due to inter-object constraints.
Topological characterization of the essential Escherichia coli cell division protein FtsW (2002)

The membrane topology of Escherichia coli FtsW, a 46-kDa essential protein, was analyzed using a set of 28 ftsW–alkaline phosphatase (ftsW–phoA) and nine ftsW–β-lactamase (ftsW–bla) gene fusions obtained by in vivo and in vitro methods. The alkaline phosphatase activities or resistance pattern of cells expressing the FtsW–PhoA or FtsW–Bla fusions confirmed only eight out of 10 transmembrane segments predicted by computational methods. After comparison with the recent topology of Streptococcus pneumoniae FtsW, we could identify all the fusions in absolute agreement with the predicted model: N-terminal and C-terminal ends in the cytoplasm, 10 transmembrane segments and one large loop of 67 amino acids (E240–E306) located in the periplasm.
A High-Quality Waveguide Directional Filter (1967)

A high-quality, narrow-band, bandpass-bandstop directional filter for use in the microwave frequency range is described. This new design does not require any hybrid junctions or circulators; the directional filter merely consists of one waveguide T-junction and a pair of complementary waveguide filters. The configuration is structurally simple and quite compact. After presenting some of the considerations pertaining to the choice of the new structure, a complete synthesis procedure is developed. In the final section, experimental results obtained from a trial design at 4 GHz are reported. The agreement between theory and experiment is very good.
Potential of Immuno–Positron Emission Tomography for Tumor Imaging and Immunotherapy Planning (2006)

In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Borjesson et al. ([1][1]) report the results of the first clinical trial using the long-lived positron emitter 89Zr for immuno–positron emission tomography (PET). A series of 20 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were imaged up
The English Translation of Public Signs in Qingdao—From the Perspective of Eco-translatology (2014)

The success of 2014 Qingdao International Horticultural Exposition has drawn many visitors' attention of the world and has also greatly improved China's image in the global arena. Under this circumstance, the English public signs are increasingly important. However, there has been inadequate attention to the importance of C-E translation of public signs. The present situation of its usage is far from satisfaction. With regard to the above facts, the paper attempts to explore the translation of public signs in Qingdao from the perspective of Eco-translatology. After introducing the core concepts of Eco-translatology and translation principles of public signs, the author analyzes problems and causes of the translated public signs with different kinds of examples. In the end, the author puts forward several corresponding C-E translation strategies of public signs under the guidance of eco-translatology.
Serodiagnosis of histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and penicilliosis marneffei; current status and future trends (1998)

Effective serodiagnosis of systemic fungal infections is of increasing importance, particularly with regard to the identification of infection with Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Penicillium marneffei. Methodology has been based either around antibody or antigen detection, although there is clear overlap between the two. Antibody-based detection systems for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and penicilliosis marneffei have now begun to incorporate a range of highly purified and well-characterized antigens, in contrast to the situation of a few years ago when relatively crude preparations derived from either whole cells or culture filtrate were used. The application of such antigens offers improvements in reproducibility and specificity, although the detection of meaningful antibody responses in immunosuppressed individuals remains a problem. Partly as a consequence of this a great deal of attention has focused on the development of antigen detection assays, and such methods have proved particularly successful, as for instance in the serodiagnosis of histoplasmosis in AIDS patients. The recent utilization of monoclonal antibodies in the development of antigen detection methods for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis offers further scope for improvement in this area.
Preliminary study of real‐time fiber optic based protein C biosensor (1999)

Deficiency of protein C (PC), one of the human body's key anticoagulants, can lead to massive thrombotic complications. There is a diagnostic need to perform real-time assays, in order to quickly identify and treat this disease. An immuno-optical biosensor for the diagnosing of PC deficiencies and monitoring of PC concentrations is being developed for this purpose. Monoclonal antibody against PC (anti-PC) is immobilized on the surface of a tapered quartz fiber that is enclosed in a glass tube (capacity ∼200 μL). Following sample injection, PC within a sample binds to the anti-PC in a highly specific reaction. The system is then probed with a fluorophore-tagged secondary antibody against PC. Excitation light is applied through the fiber, and the fluorescence intensity is correlated with the PC concentration in the sample. This study presents (1) a feasibility, direct binding assay, (2) a comparison of methods to immobilize anti-PC upon the fiber (direct immobilization vs an avidin–biotin bridge), and (3) effectiveness of an elution step to regenerate the fiber. PC-deficient patients typically have a concentration range less than 2.5 μg/mL. It was found that the sensor could detect PC levels down to 0.1 μg/mL in pure buffer with minimal optimization. Avidin–biotin immobilization of the primary antibody produced enhanced signals, up to 470% of the original intensities. Preliminary fiber regeneration tests achieved nearly a 50% increase in fiber lifetime with the use of a CaCl2 elution step. Ultimately, further development may lead to automation and the use of the system as a multi-blood factor analyzer. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 66: 158–163, 1999.
Lightweight annotations for controlling sharing in concurrent data structures (2009)

SharC is a recently developed system for checking data-sharing in multithreaded programs. Programmers specify sharing rules (read-only, protected by a lock, etc.) for individual objects, and the SharC compiler enforces these rules using static and dynamic checks. Violations of these rules indicate unintended data sharing, which is the underlying cause of harmful data-races. Additionally, SharC allows programmers to change the sharing rules for a specific object using a sharing cast, to capture the fact that sharing rules for an object often change during the object's lifetime. SharC was successfully applied to a number of multi-threaded C programs.
Co-occurrence features characterizing gland distribution patterns as new prognostic markers in prostate cancer whole-slide images (2016)

Classifying whole-slide images of prostate cancer resections to derive an accurate prognosis for tumor progression is a highly challenging problem. We here introduce a novel type of high-level features which operate on the gland level for the application in computer-aided prognosis using a Tissue Phenomics approach. Since tissue architecture, and in particular, the gland distribution possibly provide information on the aggressiveness of the individual tumor, our features exploit the spatial relationship of different gland types. Glands are classified into cancerous and healthy glands, and also, into morphological classes based on size and shape. Co-occurrences of the classified glands are quantified and Haralick-like features are computed based on the derived gland co-occurrence matrices. The resulting gland co-occurrence features are mined to automatically determine the best parametrization. In experiments on whole-slide images it turned out that our novel features allow accurate stratification of patients into the prognostic groups tumor progression and nonprogression outperforming clinical features. Our results indicate a strong correlation of tumor progression with invasion phenotypes.
Identification of a Novel Integrin α6β1 Binding Site in the Angiogenic Inducer CCN1 (CYR61) (2003)

The angiogenic inducer CCN1 (cysteine-rich 61, CYR61), a secreted matricellular protein of the CCN family, is a ligand of multiple integrins, including alpha 6 beta 1. Previous studies have shown that CCN1 interaction with integrin alpha 6 beta 1 mediates adhesion of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, as well as migration of smooth muscle cells. Recently, we have reported that CCN1-induced tubule formation of unactivated endothelial cells is also mediated through integrin alpha 6 beta 1. In this study, we demonstrate that human skin fibroblasts adhere specifically to the T1 sequence (GQKCIVQTTSWSQCSKS) within domain III of CCN1, and this process is blocked by anti-alpha 6 and anti-beta 1 monoclonal antibodies. Alanine substitution mutagenesis of the T1 sequence further defines the sequence TTSWSQCSKS as the critical determinant for mediating alpha 6 beta 1-dependent adhesion. Soluble T1 peptide specifically inhibits fibroblast adhesion to CCN1 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, T1 also inhibits cell adhesion to other alpha 6 beta 1 ligands, including CCN2 (CTGF), CCN3 (NOV), and laminin, but not to ligands of other integrins. In addition, T1 specifically inhibits alpha 6 beta 1-dependent tubule formation of unactivated endothelial cells in a CCN1-containing collagen gel matrix. To confirm that T1 binds integrin alpha 6 beta 1 directly, we perform affinity chromatography and show that integrin alpha 6 beta 1 is isolated from an octylglucoside extract of fibroblasts on T1-coupled Affi-gel. Taken together, these findings define the T1 sequence in CCN1 as a novel binding motif for integrin alpha 6 beta 1, providing the basis for the development of peptide mimetics to examine the functional role of alpha 6 beta 1 in angiogenesis.
A study on microstructure of the head kidney in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (2001)

Microstructure and histochemistry of the head kidney of the carp were investigated by light microscopy. The results showed that the major immune organ in the carp was the head kidney. The surface of the head kidney was covered with a thin layer of fibroid connective tissue capsule. The parenchyma, in which obvious trabecula wasn't found, was chiefly composed of lymphoid tissue and blood sinuses. The lymphoid tissue itself was divided into the central zone and the peripheral zone. The lymphoid tissue of the central zone was arranged in cord radiating toward blood vessels. The peripheral zone was characterized by diffuse lymphoid tissue, which consisted of tightly packed lymphocytes. Melano macrophage centres, anterior interrenal tissues and thyroid fallicles were found in parenchyma of the head kidney.
Memory function in schizophrenia (1994)

Memory impairment in schizophrenia has been reported in several studies during the last decades. Issues related to the interpretation of such deficits are discussed. Research strongly suggests specific memory dysfunction in schizophrenia that may be neither drug induced nor secondary consequences of attentional disorders. Our own longitudinal data indicate that these deficits deviate from normal function in a relatively stable way. Although medial temporal lobe structures seems to be of special importance, memory function may be vulnerable to a variety of neurobiological abnormalities.
An evolving view of the eukaryotic oligosaccharyltransferase (2005)

Asparagine-linked glycosylation (ALG) is one of the most common protein modification reactions in eukaryotic cells, as many proteins that are translocated across or integrated into the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) carry N-linked oligosaccharides. Although the primary focus of this review will be the structure and function of the eukaryotic oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), key findings provided by the analysis of the archaebacterial and eubacterial OST homologues will be reviewed, particularly those that provide insight into the recognition of donor and acceptor substrates. Selection of the fully assembled donor substrate will be considered in the context of the family of human diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). The yeast and vertebrate OST are surprisingly complex hetero-oligomeric proteins consisting of seven or eight subunits (Ost1p, Ost2p, Ost3p/Ost6p, Ost4p, Ost5p, Stt3p, Wbp1p, and Swp1p in yeast; ribophorin I, DAD1, N33/IAP, OST4, STT3A/STT3B, Ost48, and ribophorin II in mammals). Recent findings from several laboratories have provided overwhelming evidence that the STT3 subunit is critical for catalytic activity. Here, we will consider the evolution and assembly of the eukaryotic OST in light of recent genomic evidence concerning the subunit composition of the enzyme in diverse eukaryotes.
Materials with on-demand refractive indices in the terahertz range (2008)

We demonstrate the possibility to create materials with chosen refractive indices and a strong birefringence in the terahertz range by etching of patterns with appropriate filling factors in a dielectric substrate. We show that by using deep inductive plasma etching of silicon wafers, it is possible to achieve a birefringence as high as 1.2 in an 80 microm thick layer. The resulting stacks were used as building blocks for a photonic crystal displaying sharp defect mode peaks in transmittance.
Design and development of a freeform active mirror for an astronomy application (2014)

The advent of extremely large telescopes will bring unprecedented light-collecting power and spatial resolution, but it will also lead to a significant increase in the size and complexity of focal-plane instruments. The use of freeform mirrors could drastically reduce the number of components in optical systems. Currently, manufacturing issues limit the common use of freeform mirrors at short wavelengths. This article outlines the use of freeform mirrors in astronomical instruments with a description of two efficient freeform optical systems. A new manufacturing method is presented which seeks to overcome the manufacturing issues through hydroforming of thin polished substrates. A specific design of an active array is detailed, which will compensate for residual manufacturing errors, thermoelastic deformation, and gravity-induced errors during observations. The combined hydroformed mirror and the active array comprise the Freeform Active Mirror Experiment, which will produce an accurate, compact, and stable freeform optics dedicated to visible and near-infrared observations.
Frame Semantic Tree Kernels for Social Network Extraction from Text (2014)

Apoorv Agarwal, Sriramkumar Balasubramanian, Anup Kotalwar, Jiehan Zheng, Owen Rambow. Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2014.
Improved method for production of antibodies against T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol in rabbits (1986)

A new, improved approach for the production of antibodies against T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) was developed. The method involves the use of immunogens which were prepared by conjugating O-carboxymethoxyl oxime (CMO) derivatives of both toxins to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Isomers a and b of CMO-T-2 toxin and isomer b of CMO-DAS were tested. Antibodies against both toxins were demonstrated as early as 4 weeks after immunization. a-CMO-T-2-BSA conjugate was a better immunogen than the b isomer, and the highest titers (6,000) were reached 14 weeks after immunization and one booster injection. Antibody titers for rabbits immunized with the b isomer of CMO-T-2 never reached more than 2,000. The specificity of antibodies obtained from rabbits after immunization with CMO-T-2-BSA was similar to that of hemisuccinate-T-2-BSA. Anti-b-T-2 antibodies had slightly higher cross-reactivity with H-T-2 toxin than did the antibody obtained from rabbits immunized with the conjugate of the a isomer. The relative cross-reactivities of anti-a-CMO-T-2 antibody with T-2, acetyl-T-2, H-T-2, T-2-triol, 3'-OH-T-2, and T-2 tetraol were 1, 4.5, 5.7, 250, 500, and 3,000, respectively. The relative cross-reactivities of anti-b-T-2 antibody with T-2, acetyl-T-2, H-T-2, and T-2 triol were 1, 2, 3, and 488, respectively. Antibodies against b-CMO-DAS showed a high degree of cross-reactivity with monoacetoxyscirpenols (MAS). The relative cross-reactivities of anti-B-DAS antibody with DAS, 4-MAS, 15-MAS, acetyl-deoxynivalenol, T-2-toxin, acetyl-T-2, and neosolaniol were 1, 4, 5, 76, 107, 147, and 266, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances the cytotoxic effects of cytosine arabinoside in acute myeloblastic leukemia and in the myeloid blast crisis phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. (1989)

A strategy designed to stimulate myeloid leukemic blasts into active cell cycle may increase the effectiveness of S phase-specific agents such as cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C). Since recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is known to stimulate the growth of myeloid leukemic cells in vitro, we have evaluated the ability of this growth factor to enhance leukemic clonogenic cell kill in the presence of ARA-C. In seven patients studied, GM-CSF increased the fraction of myeloid leukemic blasts in S phase as measured by propidium iodide DNA staining, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, or ARA-C suicide techniques. Six of these seven patients demonstrated clonogenic cell growth in agar in response to GM-CSF. In five of these six patients, the combination of GM-CSF and ARA-C treatment in vitro resulted in a significant increase in leukemic clonogenic cell kill when compared to treatment with ARA-C in the absence of GM-CSF. Similar results were observed with the combination of GM-CSF and hydroxyurea, another S phase specific agent, further suggesting that the observed enhancement of cytotoxicity was due to the ability of GM-CSF to increase the number of leukemic cells in S phase. These data provide a rationale for investigating the toxicity and efficacy of combined GM-CSF and ARA-C therapy in patients with high-risk myeloid leukemia.
Chlorinations with Sulfuryl Chloride. I. The Peroxide-Catalyzed Chlorination of Hydrocarbons (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChlorinations with Sulfuryl Chloride. I. The Peroxide-Catalyzed Chlorination of HydrocarbonsM. S. Kharasch and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 8, 2142–2150Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01877a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01877a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2769Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Form and function of the fibularis brevis muscle in some passerine birds (1990)

It was supported by a Fleming-MEC Gran!. British Council/Spanish Ministry of Education thank P. J. K. Burton for his help and supervision of my research. This study is included in the DGCYT project number PB 88-0041
Vitamin e status during dietary fish oil supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis (1990)

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether it is the fish oil itself or the alpha-tocopherol that is added to the fish oil preparations (to prevent peroxidation) that is responsible for the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One group of RA patients took fish oil supplements and another group took alpha-tocopherol-enriched coconut oil supplements (placebo controls), both for 3 months. Clinical and laboratory indices of RA activity in relation to cellular and plasma vitamin E levels were assessed at the beginning and the end of the trial. The results of the study provide evidence that the beneficial effects of fish oil supplementation cannot be ascribed to the antioxidizing properties of the alpha-tocopherol per se.
Rotating Bubble Membrane Radiator for space applications (1986)

An advanced radiator concept for heat rejection in space is described which uses a two-phase working fluid to radiate waste heat. The development of advanced materials and the large surface area per mass makes the Bubble Membrane Radiator an attractive alternative to both conventional heat pipes and liquid droplet radiators for mid to high temperature applications. A system description, a discussion of design requirements, and a mass comparison with heat pipes and liquid droplet radiators are provided.