gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft-Landing of Peptides onto Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces (2005)

Mass-selected peptide ions produced by electrospray ionization were deposited as ions by soft-landing (SL) onto fluorinated and hydrogenated self-assembled monolayer (FSAM and HSAM) surfaces using a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) specially designed for studying collisions of large ions with surfaces. Analysis of modified surfaces was performed in situ by combining 2 keV Cs(+) secondary ion mass spectrometry with FT-ICR detection of the sputtered ions (FT-ICR-SIMS). Similar SIMS spectra obtained following SL at different collision energies indicate that peptide fragmentation occurred in the analysis step (SIMS) rather than during ion deposition. The effect of the surface on SL was studied by comparing the efficiencies of SL on gold, FSAM, HSAM, and COOH-terminated SAM surfaces. It was found that FSAM surfaces are more efficient in retaining ions than their HSAM analogues, consistent with their larger polarizability. The efficiency of soft-landing of different peptides on the FSAM surface increases with the charge state of the ion, also consistent with an ion-polarizable molecule model for the initial stage of soft-landing on SAM surfaces. The gradual decrease of peptide ion deposition efficiency with an increase in collision energy found experimentally was quantitatively rationalized using the hard-cube model.
Selective Imaging of Malignant Ascites in a Mouse Model of Peritoneal Metastasis Using <i>in Vivo</i> Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2016)

The presence of malignant ascites in advanced cancer patients is associated with both a poor prognosis and quality of life with a risk of abdominal infection and sepsis. Contemporary noninvasive visualization methods such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often struggle to differentiate malignant ascites from surrounding tissues. This study aimed to determine the utility of selective H2O imaging in the abdominal cavity with a free radical probe and deuterium oxide (D2O) contrast agent using in vivo dynamic nuclear polarization-MRI (DNP-MRI). Phantom imaging experiments established a linear relationship between H2O volume and image intensity using in vivo DNP-MRI. Similar results were obtained when the radical-D2O probe was used to determine selective and spatial information on H2O in vivo, modeled by the injection of saline into the abdominal cavity of mice. To demonstrate the utility of this method for disease, malignant ascites in peritoneal metastasis animal model was selected as one of the typical examples. In vivo DNP-MRI of peritoneal metastasis animal model was performed 7-21 days after intraperitoneal injection of luciferase, stably expressing the human pancreatic carcinoma (SUIT-2). The image intensity with increasing malignant ascites was significantly increased at days 7, 16, and 21. This increase corresponded to in vivo tumor progression, as measured by bioluminescent imaging. These results suggest that H2O signal enhancement in DNP-MRI using radical-D2O contrast is positively associated with the progression of dissemination and could be a useful biomarker for malignant ascites with cancer metastasis.
Multi-stream switching for interactive virtual reality video streaming (2017)

Virtual reality (VR) video provides an immersive 360 viewing experience to a user wearing a head-mounted display: as the user rotates his head, correspondingly different fields-of-view (FoV) of the 360 video are rendered for observation. Transmitting the entire 360 video in high quality over bandwidth-constrained networks from server to client for real-time playback is challenging. In this paper we propose a multi-stream switching framework for VR video streaming: the server preencodes a set of VR video streams covering different view ranges that account for server-client round trip time (RTT) delay, and during streaming the server transmits and switches streams according to a user's detected head rotation angle. For a given RTT, we formulate an optimization to seek multiple VR streams of different view ranges and the head-angle-to-stream mapping function simultaneously, in order to minimize the expected distortion subject to bandwidth and storage constraints. We propose an alternating algorithm that, at each iteration, computes the optimal streams while keeping the mapping function fixed and vice versa. Experiments show that for the same bandwidth, our multi-stream switching scheme outperforms a non-switching single-stream approach by up to 2.9dB in PSNR.
Neurogenin2 Directs Granule Neuroblast Production and Amplification while NeuroD1 Specifies Neuronal Fate during Hippocampal Neurogenesis (2009)

The specification and differentiation of dentate gyrus granule neurons in the hippocampus require temporally and spatially coordinated actions of both intrinsic and extrinsic molecules. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Neurogenin2 (Ngn2) and NeuroD1 are key regulators in these processes. Based on existing classification, we analyzed the molecular events occurring during hippocampal neurogenesis, primarily focusing on juvenile animals. We found that Ngn2 is transiently expressed by late type-2a amplifying progenitors. The Ngn2 progenies mature into hippocampal granule neurons. Interestingly, the loss of Ngn2 at early stages of development leads to a robust reduction in neurogenesis, but does not disturb granule neuron maturation per se. We found that the role of Ngn2 is to maintain progenitors in an undifferentiated state, allowing them to amplify prior to their maturation into granule neurons upon NeuroD1 induction. When we overexpressed Ngn2 and NeuroD1 in vivo, we found NeuroD1 to exhibit a more pronounced neuron-inductive effect, leading to granule neuron commitment, than that displayed by Ngn2. Finally, we observed that all markers expressed during the transcriptional control of hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents are also present in the human hippocampus. Taken together, we demonstrate a critical role of for Ngn2 and NeuroD1 in controlling neuronal commitment and hippocampal granule neuroblast formation, both during embryonic development and in post-natal hippocampal granule neurogenesis.
A Benefit Congruency Framework of Sales Promotion Effectiveness (2000)

Are monetary savings the only explanation for consumer response to a sales promotion? If not, how do the different consumer benefits of a sales promotion influence its effectiveness? To address the first question, this research builds a framework of the multiple consumer benefits of a sales promotion. Through a series of measurement studies, the authors find that monetary and nonmonetary promotions provide consumers with different levels of three hedonic benefits (opportunities for value expression, entertainment, and exploration) and three utilitarian benefits (savings, higher product quality, and improved shopping convenience). To address the second question, the authors develop a benefit congruency framework, which argues that a sales promotion's effectiveness is determined by the utilitarian or hedonic nature of the benefits it delivers and the congruence these benefits have with the promoted product. Among other results, two choice experiments show that, as predicted for high-equity brands, monetary promotions are more effective for utilitarian products than for hedonic products. The authors then discuss the implications of the multibenefit and the benefit congruency frameworks for understanding consumer responses to sales promotions, reexamining the value of everyday-low-price policies, and designing more effective sales promotions.
The molecular pharmacology of symplostatin 1: A new antimitotic dolastatin 10 analog (2003)

Symplostatin 1, an analog of dolastatin 10, was recently isolated from cyanobacteria of the genus Symploca. Symplostatin 1 is a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation with IC(50) values in the low nanomolar range and it exhibits efficacy against a variety of cancer cell types. Symplostatin 1 caused the formation of abnormal mitotic spindles and accumulation of cells in metaphase at concentrations that had only minor effects on interphase microtubules. At higher concentrations, symplostatin 1 caused the loss of interphase microtubules. Cell cycle analysis revealed that symplostatin 1 caused G(2)/M arrest, consistent with its effects on mitotic spindles. Symplostatin 1 initiated the phosphorylation of Bcl-2, formation of micronuclei and activation of caspase 3, indicating induction of apoptosis. The cellular effects of symplostatin 1 are consistent with other antimitotic tubulin-targeting drugs. Tubulin polymerization experiments indicated that symplostatin 1 potently inhibits the assembly of purified tubulin, suggesting that tubulin may be its intracellular target. Some microtubule-targeting agents are reported to have antiangiogenic activity and therefore the effects of symplostatin 1 on endothelial cell proliferation and invasion were evaluated. Symplostatin 1 was found to be a potent inhibitor of both endothelial cell proliferation and invasion. Because of its potent and broad activity in vitro, symplostatin 1 was evaluated in vivo. Symplostatin 1 was active against murine colon 38 and murine mammary 16/C; however, it was poorly tolerated and the mice were slow to recover from the toxicity. The data indicate that symplostatin 1 has a mechanism of action similar to dolastatin 10.
Novel Optical Trap of Atoms with a Doughnut Beam (1997)

We have constructed a novel optical trap for neutral atoms by using a Laguerre-Gaussian (doughnut) beam whose frequency is blue detuned to the atomic transition. Laser-cooled rubidium atoms are trapped in the dark core of the doughnut beam with the help of two additional laser beams which limit the atomic motion along the optical axis. About ${10}^{8}$ atoms are initially loaded into the trap, and the lifetime is 150 ms. Because the atoms are confined at a point in a weak radiation field in the absence of any external field, ideal circumstances are provided for precision measurements. The trap opens the way to a simple technique for atom manipulation, including Bose-Einstein condensation of gaseous atoms.
Imaging Cell Trafficking (2005)

I. Introduction 349II. Relationship Between Tumor Cell Trafficking andMetastatic Potential 351III. Involvement of Cell Adhesion Molecules inMetastatic Cell Trafficking 353IV. Determination of Intraorgan Trafficking of Metastatic Cells 357V. Topological Distribution of Metastatic Cells as Analyzed byWhole-Body Autoradiography 358VI. Influence of the Immune Surveillance System onMetastasis Cell Trafficking 360VII. Conclusions and Future Prospects 364References 364I. IntroductionCancer metastasis occurs through a complex cascade of events including the dis-sociation of malignant cells from the primary site, intravasation, adhesion andinvasion to target organs, and growth at the sites of cell disposition (1-3)(Fig. 14.1). A number of molecules are important to this sequential process.Cell adhesion molecules, such as selectins (4) and integrins (5), are involvedin the tumor cells’ adhesion and invasion to the target organ. Matrixmetalloproteinases (6) help to trigger degradation of the basement membraneand are involved in both intravasation and extravasation. Finally, chemokines(7,8) derived from target tissues are thought to be important for determiningtarget tissues.
Experimental study on human breathing cross section using UWB impulse radar (2008)

Human being detection in post-disaster scenarios using UWB radars relies on detection of slight variations in time-of-arrival of the backscattered response due to human breathing motion. In this study we investigate experimentally the human breathing cross-section (BCS) in the UWB frequency band as function of aspect angle for three positions of the body and three combinations of antenna-pair polarization. Due to low SNR conditions commonly experienced in such scenarios, main goal in acquisition and data processing stages is obtaining high quality data for further analysis. The results show that a human lying on the side produces strongest and most varying BCS, followed by back and stomach positions. HH co-polarized antenna pairs result in slightly larger BCS than VV, whereas HV cross-polarization produces very weak BCS values.
Phenotypic and functional analysis of CD4<sup>+</sup> NKRP1A<sup>+</sup> human T lymphocytes. Direct evidence that the NKRP1A molecule is involved in transendothelial migration (1997)

In this report, we show that among human CD4+ T lymphocytes 5-20% express the C-type lectin molecule NKRP1A. This lymphocyte subset displays a slightly more limited T cell receptor V beta repertoire than the CD4+ NKRP1A- counterpart. CD4+ NKRP1A+ T lymphocytes are characterized by a high expression of beta 1 and beta 2 integrins, thus representing a T lymphocyte subset that can possibly adhere and migrate through vascular endothelium. Indeed, resting CD4+ NKRP1A+ lymphocytes, differently from the CD4+ NKRP1A- subset, migrated across endothelial cell monolayers in a Transwell chamber system. Pretreatment of CD4+ NKRP1A+ T lymphocytes with an anti-NKRP1A monoclonal antibody (mAb) strongly reduced transendothelial migration, suggesting the involvement of the NKRP1A molecule in the transmigration process. Furthermore, cells of the NKRP1A- Jurkat CD4+ T cell line stably transfected with NKRP1A cDNA migrated more rapidly and efficiently than either untransfected or mock-transfected Jurkat cells. Finally, mAb-mediated cross-linking of NKRP1A molecules in CD4+ T lymphocytes induced the up-regulation of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 Mg(2+)-binding site as well as beta 1 and beta 2 integrin chains. Altogether, these findings suggest that the NKRP1A molecule is involved in transendothelial migration of resting CD4+ T lymphocytes.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation identifies photoreceptor transcription factor targets in mouse models of retinal degeneration: New findings and challenges (2005)

The transcription factors, Otx2, Crx, Nrl, and Nr2e3, expressed by retinal photoreceptor cells are essential for photoreceptor gene expression, development, and maintenance. Malfunction of any of these factors due to genetic mutations causes photoreceptor disease. Protein-protein interaction studies suggest that these factors may form a regulatory network centered on Crx. To understand how these factors regulate photoreceptor gene transcription in vivo, we have employed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays to assess the ability of these proteins to bind to regulatory sequences of photoreceptor genes in the retina of wild-type and mutant mice with photoreceptor degeneration. This paper summarizes the advantages and limitations of ChIP, using examples from our studies to demonstrate how this technique has contributed to our understanding of the regulation of photoreceptor gene expression. We report that Crx, Otx2, Nrl, and Nr2e3 co-occupy the promoter/enhancer, but not the region 3' of selected Crx target genes, in a retina-specific fashion. We identified Crx-dependent (Nr2e3) and Crx-independent (Otx2 and Nrl) target binding using Crx knockout mice (Crx-/-), suggesting that individual factors may use distinct mechanism(s) for binding and regulating target genes. Consistent with ChIP results, we also found that Otx2, a close family member of Crx, can activate the promoter of rod and cone genes in HEK293 cells, implicating Otx2 in regulating photoreceptor gene expression. These findings provide important information for understanding how photoreceptor transcription factors regulate photoreceptor gene expression and the mechanisms by which mutations in these factors cause transcriptional dysregulation and photoreceptor degeneration.
Inhibition of human natural killer cell activity by a synthetic peptide homologous to a conserved region in the retroviral protein, p15E. (1987)

It has been shown previously that the retroviral envelope protein p15E suppresses certain monocyte and lymphocyte functions. In this paper, we describe the effects on natural killer (NK) activity of a synthetic peptide (CKS-17) with homology to a region of p15E conserved among numerous retroviruses. Enriched human NK cells were assayed against K562 tumor target cells in a 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay. Pretreatment of NK cells with CKS-17 at concentrations as low as 1.5 microM, but not with equivalent concentrations of control materials, markedly and reproducibly suppressed NK lytic activity. Prior exposure of NK cells to interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) at 1000 U/ml did not alter their sensitivity to CKS-17-induced inhibition. Pretreating NK cells with CKS-17 almost entirely diminished their responsiveness to IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma, but not to interleukin 2 (IL 2). Kinetics experiments demonstrated that CKS-17-mediated suppression of both endogenous and activated NK cells was reversible after 18 hr at 37 degrees C. Experiments designed to examine the CKS-17 mechanism of action revealed that the peptide bound to all Leu-11+ lymphocytes, as shown by two-color flow cytometry. CKS-17 did not, however, inhibit effector cell/target cell conjugate formation. These data suggest a new mechanism for immune suppression mediated by retroviruses; inhibition of NK function. They moreover imply that the CKS-17 peptide interferes with the lytic phase of NK cytolysis.
Electrical triggering of metal-insulator transition in nanoscale vanadium oxide junctions (2009)

200 nm diameter Au contacts were fabricated by e-beam lithography on sputtered thin film vanadium oxide grown on conducting substrates and current perpendicular to plane electron transport measurements were performed with a conducting tip atomic force microscope. Sharp jumps in electric current were observed in the I-V characteristics of the nano-VO2 junctions and were attributed to the manifestation of the metal-insulator transition. The critical field and dielectric constant were estimated from quantitative analysis of the current-voltage relationship and compared with reported values on micrometer and larger size scale devices. These results are of potential relevance to novel oxide electronics utilizing metal-insulator transitions.
Synthesis of multilevel complementary sequences (1988)

Methods of synthesising multilevel complementary sequence sets of both odd and even lengths are described, thus extending previous work which was restricted to even-length binary sets. Also, techniques for the synthesis of uncorrelated sets of multilevel complementary sequences are given. Possible application areas are then discussed briefly.
Electric sympathetic block: methods of measurement and a study assessing its effectiveness. (1992)

Electric sympathetic block is the procedure whereby sympathetic nerve fibers are blocked by application of controlled electrical impulses via electrodes placed on the skin. Methods of measuring the extent of sympathetic blockade and a clinical study using bipolar middle frequency currents to achieve electric sympathetic block are presented. Fifteen of 20 (75%) patients who underwent a 1-week series of electric sympathetic blocks reported at least 75% subjective relief from sympathetically mediated pain after completion of the series.
Real-time color imaging with a CMOS sensor having stacked photodiodes (2004)

High-performance color image acquisition has heretofore relied on color video cameras using multiple image sensors mounted on spectral separation prisms to provide geometrically accurate color data free of reconstruction artifacts. Recently, a CMOS image sensor has been developed that incorporates three complete planes of photodiodes in a single device to provide color separation without the need for external optical elements. The first commercial device based on this technology has 1512 x 2268 three-color photosites on 9.12 micron centers and includes provisions for combining pixels in X and Y, region-of interest selection and sparse scanning. The camera described in this paper operates the sensor in a variety of scan modes offering tradeoffs between resolution, coverage and speed. In this camera, a 128x128 raster of either a matrix of this size or binned from a large area can be scanned at nearly 150 frames per second and a single 2048-element line can be scanned at 7 KHz. At full resolution, the image sensor will acquire four frames per second. The scan configuration can be reloaded in less than 50 microseconds permitting mod e changes on the fly.
Synthetic Mica Investigations: II, Role of Fluorides in Mica Batch Reactions (1953)

Various fluorides were studied to determine which might be suitable for the synthesis of fluor‐phlogopite mica (K 2 Mg 6 Al 2 Si 6 O 20 F 4 ). K 2 SiF 6 , MgF 2 , K 2 AlF 5 , and K 3 AlF 6 are preferred in that order. KF, KMgF 3 , AlF 3 , KAlF 4 , and MgSiF 6 · 6H 2 O are less suitable for the purpose. Solid‐state reaction studies were made on the following binary partial systems of the mica batch: MgF 2 + MgO, 3MgF 2 + Al 2 O 3 , 2MgF 2 + SiO 2 , 3MgF 2 + KAlSi 3 O 8 , K 2 SiF 6 + 3MgO, K 2 SiF 6 + Al 2 O 3 , K 3 AlF 6 + 3MgO, and K 3 AlF 6 + 3SiO 2 . Solid‐state reaction studies on various types of fluor‐phlogopite batches showed that this mica compound can be synthesized at temperatures as low as 750°C. For best results, however, it should be done at 1000° to 1300°C. in closed containers, using anhydrous batch materials to minimize hydrolysis of the fluorides and loss of HF. Many of the mica batches expand as they react in the solid state, and there is danger in large‐scale experiments that the container may break unless heating is rapid between 750° and 1200°C.
Protecting Cryptographic Keys on Client Platforms Using Virtualization and Raw Disk Image Access (2011)

Software cryptosystems face the challenge of secure key management. Recent trends in breaking cryptosystems suggest that it is easier to steal the cryptographic keys from unsecure systems than to break the algorithm itself, a prominent example of such an attack is the cracking of the HD-DVD encryption. This paper presents two methods to hide cryptographic keys in an unsecure machine. The first methoduses virtualization to isolate the sections of memory that contain cryptographic keys from an untrusted guest operating system (OS). Virtualization is an effective method to provide isolation between trusted and un-trusted components of a system. This work makes the Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)as a cryptographic service provider for guest OS. The second method provides techniques to securely retrieve and store keys in secondary storage. The information about key storage and retrieval is stored inside the application binary. On execution this section retrieves the key from secondary storage.
Microwave Realization of the Gaussian Symplectic Ensemble (2016)

Following an idea by Joyner et al. [Europhys. Lett. 107, 50004 (2014)], a microwave graph with an antiunitary symmetry T obeying T^{2}=-1 is realized. The Kramers doublets expected for such systems are clearly identified and can be lifted by a perturbation which breaks the antiunitary symmetry. The observed spectral level spacings distribution of the Kramers doublets is in agreement with the predictions from the Gaussian symplectic ensemble expected for chaotic systems with such a symmetry.
Low-Dose Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Patients With Acute Lung Injury<SUBTITLE>A Randomized Controlled Trial</SUBTITLE> (2004)

Inhaled nitric oxide at a dose of 5 ppm in patients with acute lung injury not due to sepsis and without evidence of nonpulmonary organ system dysfunction results in short-term oxygenation improvements but has no substantial impact on the duration of ventilatory support or mortality.