gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Azapeptides and Their Therapeutic Potential (2011)

Azapeptides are peptide analogs in which one or more of the amino residues is replaced by a semicarbazide. This substitution of a nitrogen for the α-carbon center results in conformational restrictions, which bend the peptide about the aza-amino acid residue away from a linear geometry. The resulting azapeptide turn conformations have been observed by x-ray crystallography and spectroscopy, as well as predicted based on computational models. In biologically active peptide analogs, the aza-substitution has led to enhanced activity and selectivity as well as improved properties, such as prolonged duration of action and metabolic stability. In light of these characteristics, azapeptides have found important uses as receptor ligands, enzyme inhibitors, drugs, pro-drugs, probes and imaging agents. Recent improvements in synthetic methods for their procurement have ushered in a new era of azapeptide chemistry. This review aims to provide a historical look at the development of azapeptide science along with a focus on recent developments and perspectives on the future of this useful tool for medicinal chemistry.
Hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting and synapse formation after status epilepticus in rats: Visualization after retrograde transport of biocytin (1995)

In complex partial epilepsy and in animal models of epilepsy, hippocampal mossy fibers appear to develop recurrent collaterals that invade the dentate molecular layer. Mossy fiber collaterals have been proposed to subserve recurrent excitation by forming granule cell-granule cell synapses. This hypothesis was tested by visualizing dentate granule cells and their mossy fibers after terminal uptake and retrograde transport of biocytin. Labeling studies were performed with transverse slices of the caudal rat hippocampal formation prepared 2.6-70.0 weeks after pilocarpine-induced or kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. Light microscopy demonstrated the progressive growth of recurrent mossy fibers into the molecular layer; the densest innervation was observed in slices from pilocarpine-treated rats that had survived 10 weeks or longer after status epilepticus. Thin mossy fiber collaterals originated predominantly from deep within the hilar region, crossed the granule cell body layer, and formed an axonal plexus oriented parallel to the cell body layer within the inner one-third of the molecular layer. When sprouting was most robust, some recurrent mossy fibers at the apex of the dentate gyrus reached the outer two-thirds of the molecular layer. The distribution and density of mossy fiber-like Timm staining correlated with the biocytin labeling. When viewed with the electron microscope, the inner one-third of the dentate molecular layer contained numerous mossy fiber boutons. In some instances, biocytin-labeled mossy fiber boutons were engaged in synaptic contact with biocytin-labeled granule cell dendrites. Granule cell dendrites did not develop large complex spines ("thorny excrescences") at the site of synapse formation, and they did not appear to have been permanently damaged by seizure activity. These results establish the validity of Timm staining as a marker for mossy fiber sprouting and support the view that status epilepticus provokes the formation of a novel recurrent excitatory circuit in the dentate gyrus. Retrograde labeling with biocytin showed that the recurrent mossy fiber projection often occupies a considerably greater fraction of the dendritic region than previous studies had suggested.
Semantic query caching in a mobile environment (1999)

Caching of remote data in a mobile client's local storage can improve data access performance and data availability. Traditional approaches are page-based, without taking advantage of the semantics of cached data. It is difficult for a client to determine if a query could be answered entirely based on locally cached data, forcing it to contact the database server for additional data. We propose a semantic caching mechanism which allows data to be cached as a collection of possibly related blocks, each of which is the result of a previously evaluated query. We investigate mechanisms for transforming projection-selection queries to reuse cached data blocks. This avoids transmitting unwanted data items over low bandwidth wireless channels. Cache replacement techniques based on the semantics of cached data are also proposed. We describe the design of our prototype and study its performance.
Long‐term outcome of implants placed with guided bone regeneration (<scp>GBR</scp>) using resorbable and non‐resorbable membranes after 12–14 years (2012)

It is concluded that implants placed simultaneously with GBR procedures using resorbable or non-resorbable membranes reveal a high survival rate ranging from 91.9% to 92.6%, therefore it is considered to be a safe and predictable therapy. [Correction added after online publication 30 November 2012: the marginal bone level of CM, e-PTFE, and control was corrected to 'control 2.36 mm (SD), CM 2.4 mm (SD), e-PTFE 2.53 mm (SD)' in the Results section].
An optical tap based on the twin waveguide laser-amplifier with asymmetric flared output waveguides (1992)

An optical tap based on the twin waveguide laser-amplifier with asymmetric flared output waveguides is presented. The new optical tap exhibits gain, allows the tap channel gain to be electrically controlled over a dynamic range of 30 dB, without greatly affecting the through channel gain and is optically broadband. The general features of the optical tap can be understood from coupled mode theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New synthesis of a highly active δ‐MgCl<sub>2</sub> for MgCl<sub>2</sub>/TiCl<sub>4</sub>/AlEt<sub>3</sub> catalytic systems (1996)

Abstract A good supporting material for Ziegler‐Natta type catalysts was obtained by reaction between powdered metallic magnesium and 1‐chloro‐ n ‐C m H 2 m +1 ( m = 3–9). This reaction affords a highly disordered form of MgCl 2 which was characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. This MgCl 2 form shows a crystallographic disorder much higher than that exhibited by the products obtained following the commercial activation procedures of α‐MgCl 2 , either mechanical or chemical. As shown by the XRD spectra, the synthetized MgCl 2 is characterized by the typical structure of the δ‐form. Therefore, this MgCl 2 form, in view of its highly disordered structure, appears as a promising material for the preparation of active supported Ziegler‐Natta type catalysts. Thus, by titanation of the obtained δ‐MgCl 2 we have prepared some supported catalysts which have been tested in the slurry propene polymerizations, showing high activity (136000–138000 gPP/gTi) and good stereoselectivity (82–88% I.I.).
Operating Theatre Optimization : A Resource-Constrained Based Solving Approach (2006)

The operating theatre is considered as the bottleneck of the hospital and as one of the most resources consuming unit. Therefore its management is of primary interest: an efficient planning allows to use as better as possible the availability of the operating theatre and reduce human and financial working costs. This paper deals with operating theatre planning optimization. We present a mathematical model combining surgeries planning and scheduling over short time horizon, and by taking into account renewable and nonrenewable resources availabilities. This model gets its inspiration from project management and especially resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP). We also introduce a genetic algorithm approach to heuristically solve the problem. We base our approach on the multi-mode variation of the RCPSP to define the related crossover, mutation and selection operators allowing the global search to work effectively
Inhibition of mammary tumor cell adhesion, migration, and invasion by the selective synthetic urokinase inhibitor B428. (1999)

We have analyzed the anti-invasive properties of the selective synthetic urokinase inhibitor 4-iodo benzo[b]thiopene-2-carboxamidine (B428) in the mouse mammary carcinoma model F3II. At non-cytotoxic concentrations (10-20 microM), B428 blocked secreted and cell-associated tumor-derived urokinase activity as well as whole cell plasminogen-dependent casein degradation. Pretreatment of F3II monolayers with B428 enhanced membrane bound uPA, suggesting that the compound may modify urokinase receptor mobilization and urokinase-dependent cell signaling. B428 exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of Matrigel invasion by F3II cells and also reduced tumor cell adhesion and migration using the same doses. Our data indicate that uPA and its cell surface receptor are involved in attachment, migration, and invasion of mammary tumor cells, and that the three processes can be blocked by a synthetic urokinase inhibitor.
House Finches "Drinking" Peaches (1948)

Three birds arrived from a near-by field and began hopping in the branches, climbed to the treetop and, in the sun, started preening their plumage.This continued for a time; then suddenly one of the birds dashed against one of the bunches of dried capsules, bit and pulled until it broke off a stick, then flew with this in its bill to a branch with heavy foliage.So I confirmed my suspicion that they were building a nest.Soon there were two birds working hard while the third remained preening in a branch in the vicinity of the nest.At about 9:00 A.M. the three birds flew out to the near-by field.They returned one hour later and perched in a tree some ten meters distant from the nest.Up to this time I had thought they were two adults and perhaps a young of a previous nest, but now, watching them carefully, I saw that the three had very worn plumage.Then, dispelling my last doubt, one of the birds approached one of the others and, afte/-some mutual preening, copulated; then to my astonishment, he flew toward the third bird and again copulated.It was evident that there were two females and a male.After some minutes the three flew to the nest.One female sat in the nest and arranged the material the other brought, sometimes receiving it in her bill and now and then going out of the nest and bringing dried sticks from the near-by bunches of capsules.Meanwhile the other female made one trip after another, bringing from a near-by tree fresh green leaves which she cut in bunches.
Desarrollo local y plan estratégico territorial “1816-2016” Argentina del Bicentenario (2010)

El presente trabajo tiene como propsito revisar dos de los desafos que plantea el desarrollo local: la necesaria articulacin con el proyecto nacional y el anlisis de la consistencia terica de la poltica econmica. A partir del relevamiento de algunas experiencias recientes y
ADOPTION OF VETERINARY SURGEON SERVICES BY SHEEP AND GOAT FARMERS IN QWAQWA (1998)

A number of technology transfer (diffusion) programmes involving amongst others veterinary surgeon services subsidised by the government, were launched in the former homelands of South Africa between 1980 and 1993. Many of these programmes were discontinued after the general election of 1994. In order to evaluate the adoption of technology in Qwaqwa, a former Sotho speaking homeland, two Logit models were fit using the conventional definition of an adopter and an adapted definition, which included potential adopters with the adopters. Where the conventional definition of adoption was estimated, livestock income per LSU, ram technology, roads and suppliers of livestock inputs are significant variables contributing to adoption. The results of the adapted model reveal that farming efficiency (weaning percentage), type of farmer (sheep as percentage of the total small ruminant herd) and ram technology, prove to be significant variables predicting adoption. It was also found that the characteristics of potential adopters gravitate more to adopters than to non-adopters. These results indicated that the adapted definition presented a more accurate prediction than the conventional definition. The results of this study indicate the policy necessary to further accelerate the diffusion of veterinary surgeon services by means of the development of a better infrastructure, the reintroduction of subsidised veterinary surgeon services at the sheering sheds as well as a better flow of information to farmers in Qwaqwa.
Synergistic Action of fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand and CD40 Ligand in the Induction of Dendritic Cells and Generation of Antitumor Immunity In Vivo (1999)

Daily treatment of mice with fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) leads to a significant increase in the number of dendritic cells and induces antitumor immunity. Here, we show that Flt3L and CD40 ligand (CD40L) synergize in the generation of immune responses against two poorly immunogenic tumors, leading to complete tumor rejection in a high proportion of mice. Rechallenge of the Flt3L + CD40L-treated mice with the immunizing tumor resulted in complete inhibition of tumor growth, indicating that these animals had developed long-lasting antitumor immunity. In addition, we demonstrate that endogenous CD40L plays a critical role in antitumor immunity, since blockade of CD40-CD40L interactions in vivo prevents the generation of antitumor immunity in therapeutic and vaccination protocols. Dendritic cells generated in mice treated with Flt3L alone or in combination with CD40L were equally potent in stimulating allogeneic T cells and expressed similar levels of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86. However, mice treated with Flt3L + CD40L had significantly more dendritic cells than mice treated with either of the cytokines alone, suggesting that CD40L promotes the proliferation and/or survival of dendritic cells generated by Flt3L treatment. Dendritic cells generated in this manner are likely to be involved in the priming of antitumor immune responses.
Self-assembled monolayer of designed and synthesized triazinedithiolsilane molecule as interfacial adhesion enhancer for integrated circuit (2011)

Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with tunable surface chemistry and smooth surface provides an approach to adhesion improvement and suppressing deleterious chemical interactions. Here, we demonstrate the SAM comprising of designed and synthesized 6-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol molecule, which can enhance interfacial adhesion to inhibit copper diffusion used in device metallization. The formation of the triazinedithiolsilane SAM is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adhesion strength between SAM-coated substrate and electroless deposition copper film was up to 13.8 MPa. The design strategy of triazinedithiolsilane molecule is expected to open up the possibilities for replacing traditional organosilane to be applied in microelectronic industry.
Colloidal Photonic Crystals toward Structural Color Palettes for Security Materials (2013)

Self-assembly of monodisperse colloidal particles into regular lattices has provided relatively simple and economical methods to prepare photonic crystals. The photonic stop band of colloidal crystals appears as opalescent structural colors, which are potentially useful for display devices, colorimetric sensors, and optical filters. However, colloidal crystals have low durability, and an undesired scattering of light makes the structures white and translucent. Moreover, micropatterning of colloidal crystals usually requires complex molding procedures, thereby limiting their practical applications. To overcome such shortcomings, we develop a pragmatic and amenable method to prepare colloidal photonic crystals with high optical transparency and physical rigidity using photocurable colloidal suspensions. The colloidal particles dispersed in a photocurable medium crystallized during capillary force-induced infiltration into a slab, and subsequent photopolymerization of the medium permanently solidifies the structures. Furthermore, conventional photolithography enables micropatterning of the crystal structures. The low index contrast between particles and matrix results in high transparency of the resultant composite structures and narrow reflection peaks, thereby enabling structural color mixing through the overlapping of distinct layers of the colloidal crystals. Multiple narrow peaks in the spectrum provide high selectivity in optical identification, thereby being potentially useful for security materials.
Iron Chelation Suppresses Ferritin Upregulation and Attenuates Vascular Dysfunction in the Aorta of Angiotensin II–Infused Rats (2005)

Ang II infusion caused ferritin induction and iron deposition in the aortas. These phenomena might have a role in the regulation of gene expression, impairment of vascular function, and arterial remodeling induced by Ang II, which are presumably mediated in part by enhancement of oxidative stress.
Investigation of outliers of evaluation scores among school of health instructors using outlier - determination indices. (2016)

The results showed that each of the studied methods could help us, in some way, determine outliers. Researchers and analysts who intend to select and use the methods must first review the observations with the help of descriptive information and overview of the distribution. Determination of outliers is important in evaluation of instructors, because by determining the outliers and removing the data that might have been recorded incorrectly, more accurate and reliable results can be obtained.
PST 2238: A New Antihypertensive Compound that Modulates the Na-K Pump ‘in Vivo’ and ‘in Vitro’ (2000)

A primary renal alteration due to a genetic polymorphism of the cytoskeletal protein adducin associated with an up-regulation of the renal Na-K pump and increased levels of ouabainlike factor (OLF) has been identified as a possible causes of hypertension in Milan rats (MHS). This adducin polymorphism has also been found to be associated with hypertension and the blood pressure changes related to renal Na handling in humans and increased OLF levels have been found in a relevant portion of hypertensive patients. Increased activity and expression of the Na-K pump has also been observed under the following 'in vitro' and 'in vivo' conditions: rat renal cells transfected with the 'hypertensive' variant of adducin, as compared with normal cells; normal rat renal cells incubated for 5 days with 10(-9) M ouabain and normal rats made hypertensive by a chronic infusion of low doses of ouabain (OS rats). An up-regulation of the Na-K pump seems therefore to be a common biochemical alteration induced both by an adducin polymorphism and/or chronic exposure to low concentrations of ouabain (or OLF). A new antihypertensive compound, PST 2238, that selectively antagonizes the pressor effect and the alteration of the renal Na-K pump induced both by an adducin polymorphism and OLF, is described. The ability of PST 2238 to lower blood pressure and normalize the Na-K pump both in MHS and OS rats suggests that this compound could be useful in the treatment of those forms of essential hypertension in which renal Na-handling alterations are associated with either adducin polymorphisms and/or increased OLF levels.
Combination of a new TLR9 agonist immunomodulator (CpG 7909) and paclitaxel for treatment of metastatic Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) (2004)

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Hormonal regulation of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity in human hepatoma Hep G2 cells (1988)

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors of approximate Mr 130,000 on non-reduced gels have been identified in Hep G2 cells by immuno- and ligand-blotting of cell extracts. Measurement of LDL receptor protein by scanning ligand blots was correlated with the specific binding, uptake and degradation of 125I-labelled LDL by intact cells, confirming that this is mediated by the LDL receptor. Cells incubated in medium with serum expressed significant LDL receptor activity. This increased when cells were transferred to medium containing lipoprotein-deficient serum (LPDS) but was not maximal because a further increase occurred when compactin was included in the medium. Inclusion of 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol or 17 beta-estradiol in the medium at concentrations up to 500 ng/ml had no effect on LDL receptor activity in the cells as assayed by ligand blotting. Inclusion of insulin (100 mU/ml) in the preincubation medium containing LPDS resulted in a twofold increase in LDL-receptor protein and of LDL binding and degradation by intact cells. Insulin also diminished the suppressive effect of LDL on LDL receptor activity. If insulin exerts this effect in vivo it may partly explain why the liver expresses LDL receptors despite high levels of LDL in plasma and interstitial fluid.
The First Dirhodium Tetracarboxylate Molecule without Axial Ligation:  New Insight into the Electronic Structures of Molecules with Importance in Catalysis and Other Reactions (2002)

The first crystalline tetracarboxylato dirhodium paddlewheel complex with no axial ligation has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The compound, tetrakis(2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoato)dirhodium(II,II), Rh(2)(TiPB)(4), exhibits a Rh-Rh bond length of 2.3498(4) A. Interestingly, this is only ca. 0.02 A shorter than that in the corresponding bis-acetone adduct, 2.3700(4) A. The electronic spectrum exhibits two bands in the visible region; the low-energy band A has been previously attributed to a pi(Rh(2))-->sigma(Rh(2)) transition in various bis-adducts. The spectrum of Rh(2)(TiPB)(4)(acetone)(2) shows this band at 610 nm, while that of Rh(2)(TiPB)(4) is greatly displaced to 760 nm. This is very persuasive evidence that the assignment for this transition is correct.
Introduction (1999)

In the mid-1970s the welfare state in Britain was, or at least was widely considered to be, in crisis. With unemployment standing at just under one million, the Labour government in its budget of April 1975 chose not to reflate the economy. It thus became the first postwar government, other than during a temporary balance of payments or sterling crisis, to abandon the goal of ‘full’ employment. The reasons for this decision were made explicit in the following year, after a serious sterling crisis had obliged the government to seek a loan from the International Monetary Fund. As Prime Minister James Callaghan told his party conference in September 1976: We used to think that you could just spend your way out of a recession and increase employment by cutting taxes and boosting government spending. I tell you in all candour, that option no longer exists, and that in so far as it ever did exist, it worked by injecting inflation into the economy. And each time that happened the average level of unemployment has risen. Higher inflation was followed by higher unemployment. That is the history of the last twenty years.1
A New Methodology to Determine the Mechanical Properties of Ligaments at High Strain Rates (1986)

Research Papers A New Methodology to Determine the Mechanical Properties of Ligaments at High Strain Rates R. H. Peterson, R. H. Peterson Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, University of California, San Diego; and San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, Calif. 92093 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. L.-Y. Woo S. L.-Y. Woo Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, University of California, San Diego; and San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, Calif. 92093 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information R. H. Peterson Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, University of California, San Diego; and San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, Calif. 92093 S. L.-Y. Woo Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, University of California, San Diego; and San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, Calif. 92093 J Biomech Eng. Nov 1986, 108(4): 365-367 (3 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3138631 Published Online: November 1, 1986 Article history Received: August 13, 1986 Online: June 12, 2009