gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Subscale Scores and Pistol Shooting Performance (1987)

This study examined whether linear or curvilinear (inverted-U) relationships exist between Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 subscale scores and pistol shooting performance in a paradigm that addressed previous design, methodological, and data analysis problems. Officers (N = 39) from the University of Illinois Police Training Institute served as subjects and participated in a pistol shooting competition. Each subject shot on five separate occasions, immediately after completing the CSAI-2 (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1983), a multidimensional measure of state anxiety. It was predicted that cognitive state anxiety would be more related to performance than would somatic state anxiety. However, relationships between both types of anxiety and performance were predicted to support inverted-U as opposed to linear relationships. Self-confidence was predicted to be positively related to performance. Results were analyzed using the intraindividual analysis procedures recommended by Sonstroem and Bernardo (1982) and showed that cognitive anxiety was not related to performance, somatic anxiety was related to performance in a curvilinear (inverted-U) fashion, and confidence was negatively related to performance.
Algal chloroplast produced camelid <scp>V<sub>H</sub>H</scp> antitoxins are capable of neutralizing botulinum neurotoxin (2014)

We have produced three antitoxins consisting of the variable domains of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies (VH H) by expressing the genes in the chloroplast of green algae. These antitoxins accumulate as soluble proteins capable of binding and neutralizing botulinum neurotoxin. Furthermore, they accumulate at up to 5% total soluble protein, sufficient expression to easily produce these antitoxins at scale from algae. The genes for the three different antitoxins were transformed into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplasts and their products purified from algae lysates and assayed for in vitro biological activity using toxin protection assays. The produced antibody domains bind to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) with similar affinities as camelid antibodies produced in Escherichia coli, and they are similarly able to protect primary rat neurons from intoxication by BoNT/A. Furthermore, the camelid antibodies were produced in algae without the use of solubilization tags commonly employed in E. coli. These camelid antibody domains are potent antigen-binding proteins and the heterodimer fusion protein containing two VH H domains was capable of neutralizing BoNT/A at near equimolar concentrations with the toxin. Intact antibody domains were detected in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of mice treated orally with antitoxin-producing microalgae. These findings support the use of orally delivered antitoxins produced in green algae as a novel treatment for botulism.
Studies on the responses of the female<i>Aedes</i>mosquito. IX.—The mode of attractiveness of lysine and other amino-acids (1964)

Of 26 amino-acids tested against a solvent control for their attractiveness to females of Aedes aegypti (L.), lysine was the most attractive and six others (threonine, 1-methylhistidine, arginine, tyrosine, glutamine and alanine) were significantly attractive; nine amino-acids were significantly repellent. Lysine converted to the monopicrate, then to the dihydrochloride and then back to the free base was attractive. The degree of attractiveness of lysine was in direct proportion to the amount of uncombined CO 2 it inevitably adsorbs. It is also proportional to the amount of carbamino CO 2 combined in the molecule. Some commercial samples of lysine contain repellent principles removable by distillation. It is concluded that the attractiveness of lysine to A. aegypti is due to its ability to act as a vehicle for CO 2 , both adsorbed and in carbamino combination.
Human Resource Management Practices in a Transitional Economy: A Comparative Study of Enterprise Ownership Forms in Vietnam (2004)

This exploratory study compared human resource management (HRM) practices in four types of companies in Vietnam. It found, from a sample of 169 companies, that the adoption of HRM practices reflects the company's ownership traits. Overall, foreign-invested companies (FICs) are somewhat more developed in HRM practices than state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Conversely, local private companies, albeit more entrepreneurial, are often less receptive to adopting HRM practices than SOEs. It also revealed that transforming SOEs into equitized companies has brought about no significant changes in this regard. Together with an examination of the impact of management's perceived value of human resources (HR), union status, and company size, the study provides more insight into the variations in HRM practices and suggests some implications for initiating change in this area.
Identification and Differentiation of <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> Subspecies by Polymerase Chain Reaction‐based Techniques (1999)

For the identification and differentiation of the five subspecies of Clavibacter michiganensis , two different polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based techniques were employed: amplification with subspecies‐specific primers and amplification with random primers (RAPD). Based on the sequence data of the intergenic spacer region between 16S and 23S rRNA genes, primers were designed for the identification of each subspecies. Using the designed primer pairs it was possible to identify each subspecies of C. michiganensis according to the amplification of a specific DNA fragment. No amplification products were obtained, when bacteria belonging to other genera were submitted to PCR under the same conditions. RAPD‐PCR conditions suitable for the differentiation of C. michiganensis subspecies were developed. RAPD typing was capable of distinguishing subspecies of C. michiganensis as well as strains within subspecies. Both genomic variation between subspecies and genetic polymorphisms between bacterial strains were identified as differences in the size and numbers of DNA fragments obtained.
Ward Halstead's contributions to neuropsychology and the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery (1994)

This paper reviews the roots from which Halstead began his investigations, the significance of his original collaboration with neurological surgeons, and the long-term implications of his practical approach of observing brain-damaged patients in their everyday living situations in order to identify the problems and limitations they experienced. This work led to development of the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB), which has proved to be sensitive to a broad range of neurological variables including location, type, and status of brain lesion. The HRB, in turn, has laid the groundwork for a rehabilitation program (REHABIT) that integrates neuropsychological evaluation with cognitive retraining, using an approach that can be designed to restore the individual's functional ability structure (as contrasted with approaches oriented toward highly specific deficits or toward a general, nonspecific notion of "brain damage."
A 1.4-mW 10-Bit 150-MS/s SAR ADC With Nonbinary Split Capacitive DAC in 65-nm CMOS (2017)

This brief presents a high-speed successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with nonbinary searching technique. By inserting redundancy in the first five decision steps, the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) settling errors can be tolerated and settling time can thus be reduced. In addition, split capacitor technology has also been adopted to further boost the conversion speed. With split switching method, no common mode voltage is needed in DAC reset phase and dynamic offset can be removed as well. Full adder-based encoder is employed to convert the raw 11-bit to 10-bit binary codes, showing less power penalty. The prototype ADC fabricated in 65-nm CMOS achieves 51.1 dB SNDR and 62.3 dB SFDR at 150-MS/s sampling rate. It consumes 1.4 mW, resulting in a Walden figure of merit of 31.8 fJ/conversion step.
Document Expansion Using External Collections (2017)

Document expansion has been shown to improve the effectiveness of information retrieval systems by augmenting documents' term probability estimates with those of similar documents, producing higher quality document representations. We propose a method to further improve document models by utilizing external collections as part of the document expansion process. Our approach is based on relevance modeling, a popular form of pseudo-relevance feedback; however, where relevance modeling is concerned with query expansion, we are concerned with document expansion. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed model improves ad-hoc document retrieval effectiveness on a variety of corpus types, with a particular benefit on more heterogeneous collections of documents.
Using Virtualization to Improve Software Rejuvenation (2009)

In this paper, we present an approach for software rejuvenation based on automated self-healing techniques that can be easily applied to off-the-shelf application servers. Software aging and transient failures are detected through continuous monitoring of system data and performability metrics of the application server. If some anomalous behavior is identified, the system triggers an automatic rejuvenation action. This self-healing scheme is meant to disrupt the running service for a minimal amount of time, achieving zero downtime in most cases. In our scheme, we exploit the usage of virtualization to optimize the self-recovery actions. The techniques described in this paper have been tested with a set of open-source Linux tools and the XEN virtualization middleware. We conducted an experimental study with two application benchmarks (Tomcat/Axis and TPC-W). Our results demonstrate that virtualization can be extremely helpful for failover and software rejuvenation in the occurrence of transient failures and software aging.
Systematic distortions in magnetic position digitizers (1998)

Medical devices equipped with position sensors enable applications like image guided surgical interventions, reconstruction of three-dimensional 3D ultrasound (US) images, and virtual or augmented reality systems. The acquisition of three-dimensional position data in real time is one of the key technologies in this field. The systematic distortions induced by various metals, surgical tools, and US scan probes in different commercial electromagnetic tracking systems were assessed in the presented work. A precise nonmetallic six degree-of-freedom measurement rack was built that allowed a quantitative comparison of different electromagnetic trackers. Also, their performance in the presence of large metallic structures was quantified in a phantom study on an acrylic skull model in an operating room (OR). The trackers used were alternating current (ac) and direct current (dc) based systems. The ac trackers were, on average, distorted by 0.7 mm and 0.5 degree by metallic objects positioned at a distance greater than 120 mm between the geometrical center of the sample and the sensor. In the OR environment, the ac system exhibits mean errors of 3.2 +/- 2.4 mm and 2.9 degrees +/- 1.9 degrees. The dc trackers are more sensitive to distortions caused by ferromagnetic materials (averaged value: 1.6 mm and 0.5 degree beyond a distance of 120 mm). The dc tracker shows no distortions from other conductive materials but was less accurate in the OR environment (typical error: 6.4 +/- 2.5 mm and 4.9 degrees +/- 2.0 degrees). At distances smaller than approximately 100 mm between sample and sensor error increases quickly. It is also apparent from our measurements that the influence of US scan probes is governed by their shielding material. The results show that surgical instruments not containing conductive material are to be preferred when using an ac tracker. Nonferromagnetic instruments should be used with dc trackers. Static distortions caused by the OR environment have to be compensated by precise calibration methods.
Concurrent blockade of free radical and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1‐mediated PGE<sub>2</sub> production improves safety and efficacy in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2012)

While free radicals and inflammation constitute major routes of neuronal injury occurring in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), neither antioxidants nor non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have shown significant efficacy in human clinical trials. We examined the possibility that concurrent blockade of free radicals and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-mediated inflammation might constitute a safe and effective therapeutic approach to ALS. We have developed 2-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ethylaminobenzoic acid] (AAD-2004) as a derivative of aspirin. AAD-2004 completely removed free radicals at 50 nM as a potent spin-trapping molecule and inhibited microsomal PGE(2) synthase-1 (mPGES-1) activity in response to both lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cell with IC(50) of 230 nM and recombinant human mPGES-1 protein with IC(50) of 249 nM in vitro. In superoxide dismutase 1(G93A) transgenic mouse model of ALS, AAD-2004 blocked free radical production, PGE(2) formation, and microglial activation in the spinal cords. As a consequence, AAD-2004 reduced autophagosome formation, axonopathy, and motor neuron degeneration, improving motor function and increasing life span. In these assays, AAD-2004 was superior to riluzole or ibuprofen. Gastric bleeding was not induced by AAD-2004 even at a dose 400-fold higher than that required to obtain maximal therapeutic efficacy in superoxide dismutase 1(G93A). Targeting both mPGES-1-mediated PGE(2) and free radicals may be a promising approach to reduce neurodegeneration in ALS and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases.
Reduction and uptake of methylene blue by human erythrocytes (2004)

A thiazine dye reductase has been described in endothelial cells that reduces methylene blue (MB), allowing its uptake into cells. Because a different mechanism of MB uptake in human erythrocytes has been proposed, we measured MB uptake and reduction in this cell type. Oxidized MB (MB(+)) stimulated reduction of extracellular ferricyanide in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, reflecting extracellular reduction of the dye. Reduced MB was then taken up by the cells and partially oxidized to MB(+). Both forms were retained against a concentration gradient, and their redox cycling induced an oxidant stress in the cells. Whereas concentrations of MB(+) <5 microM selectively oxidized NAD(P)H, higher concentrations also oxidized both glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate, especially in the absence of d-glucose. MB(+)-stimulated ferricyanide reduction was inhibited by thiol reagents with different mechanisms of action. Phenylarsine oxide, which is selective for vicinal dithiols in proteins, inhibited MB(+)-dependent ferricyanide reduction more strongly than it decreased cell GSH and pentose phosphate cycle activity, and it did not affect cellular NADPH. Open erythrocyte ghost membranes facilitated saturable NAD(P)H oxidation by MB(+), which was abolished by pretreating ghosts with low concentrations of trypsin and phenylarsine oxide. These results show that erythrocytes sequentially reduce and take up MB(+), that both reduced and oxidized forms of the dye are concentrated in cells, and that the thiazine dye reductase activity initially responsible for MB(+) reduction may correspond to MB(+)-dependent NAD(P)H reductase activity in erythrocyte ghosts.
Determining an optimal time interval for testing and debugging software (1991)

A decision-theoretic procedure for determining an optimal time interval for testing software prior to its release is proposed. The approach is based on the principles of decision-making under uncertainty and involves a maximization of expected utility. Two plausible forms for the utility function, one based on costs and the other involving the realized reliability of the software, are described. Using previous results on probabilistic models for software failure, the ensuing optimization problem (which can be addressed using numerical techniques) is outlined for the case of single-state testing. The sensitivity of the results to the various input parameters is discussed, and some directions for future research are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent advances in primary Sjogren's syndrome (2016)

Primary Sjögren's syndrome, a chronic inflammatory process, is among the most commonly occurring rheumatologic diseases. The clinical hallmark of this disease is exocrine gland dysfunction, resulting predominately in dry eyes and dry mouth. However, the disease often extends beyond the exocrine glands to seriously affect other organs systems, such as the lungs, kidneys, and nervous system. Moreover, patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome develop non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma at a substantially higher rate than the general population. New research has improved our understanding of disease mechanisms, with notable advances in our knowledge about the genetic susceptibility of disease, the molecular details of the chronic inflammatory response in the salivary glands, and the complex role of the type 1 interferon pathway. The pipeline of drugs under development for the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome is enriched with novel biologics and small molecular entities targeting the pathogenic process. Herein, we summarize the latest advances in elucidating the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome and highlight new drugs in clinical development aiming to reverse the glandular dysfunction and favorably impact the systemic features of this disease.
Information architectures for personalized multimedia (1995)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Media Arts & Sciences, 1995.
Evaluation of antithymocyte globulin in acute relapses of multiple sclerosis (1974)

The findings in this study indicate that therapy with a combination of ACTH and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) should be strongly considered for patients with multiple sclerosis who are in acute relapse, who have an elevation in the ratio of gamma globulin to total protein in cerebrospinal fluid, and who are not responsive to ACTH or corticosteroid alone. Twenty-one patients with acute bouts of multiple sclerosis were randomly allocated and treated under controlled conditions with ACTH alone or ACTH and ATG. While patients in both groups improved significantly for four months after treatment, the patients remaining in the ACTH/ATG group are significantly better than the ACTH group for seven of the first eight posttreatment months.
Electrospun Nanostructured Fibers of Collagen-Biomimetic Apatite on Titanium Alloy (2012)

Titanium and its alloys are currently the mainly used materials to manufacture orthopaedic implants due to their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Although these materials are bioinert, the improvement of biological properties (e.g., bone implant contact) can be obtained by the application of a material that mimics the bone extracellular matrix. To this aim, this work describes a new method to produce nanostructured collagen-apatite composites on titanium alloy substrate, by combining electrospinning and biomimetic mineralization. The characterization results showed that the obtained mineralized scaffolds have morphological, structural, and chemical compositional features similar to natural bone extracellular matrix. Finally, the topographic distribution of the chemical composition in the mineralized matrix evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy demonstrated that the apatite nanocrystals cover the collagen fibers assembled by the electrospinning.
Characterization of antigenic variation among mink enteritis virus isolates (1984)

Three antigenic forms of natural field isolates of mink enteritis virus were revealed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies generated against the closely studied feline panleukopenia virus and canine parvovirus-2 virus. Two types (types 2 and 3) were shown to be closely related by agar-gel precipitin tests and by restriction enzyme mapping. However, types 2 and 3 differed from the type 1 isolates in the same tests. In cross-protection studies, inactivated viral vaccines made from any one of the 3 variant types of mink enteritis virus protected mink against challenge exposure by the homologous, as well as the heterologous, antigenic types.
High power, continuous-wave ytterbium-doped fiber laser tunable from 976 to 1120 nm (2013)

We report on a linearly-polarized, continuous-wave Ytterbium-doped fiber laser continuously tunable on the fly over an unprecedented emission bandwidth ranging from 976 nm to 1120 nm and delivering a minimum of 10 W and a maximum of 41 W. Additionally, the bandwidth of the system can be tuned from 100 pm to more than 1 nm at all wavelengths.
Temperature sensitivity of 1.54-μm vertical-cavity lasers with an InP-based Bragg reflector (1997)

We fabricated 1.54-/spl mu/m laser diodes that employ one integrated GaInAsP-InP and one Si-SiO/sub 2/ mirror in combination with a strain-compensated GaInAsP multiquantum-well active layer. Considerable care has to be taken of the temperature performance of the devices. Here, an important parameter is the gain offset between the gain peak wavelength and the cavity resonance. This offset is related to the experimentally accessible photoluminescence (PL) offset between the PL-peak wavelength and the emission wavelength. Vertical-cavity laser (VCL) characteristics such as threshold current and quantum efficiency show an extremely sensitive dependence on this parameter. In this paper, we focus on the temperature performance of our VCL's as a function of the cavity tuning. VCL's designed for PL-offset values between +17 and -16 mm are fabricated and characterized, As expected, the threshold current of all lasers shows a pronounced minimum at low temperatures. The position of this minimum depends on the offset at room temperature (RT) as a parameter. However, it turns out that the minimum threshold current is not obtained by matching gain peak and cavity wavelength for that temperature. The observed behavior is described well by calculations, taking into account the temperature dependence of the optical gain, of the cavity resonance, and of the cavity losses. The model is a valuable tool to tune the lasers for example low threshold current or reduced temperature sensitivity.
Modified 256-QAM for logarithmic PCM (2003)

Transmission of 8-bit mu -law PCM (pulse-code-modulated) signals using M-level weighted quadrature amplitude modulation (WQAM), M=16, 64 and 256, over Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channels is examined. The weighting process modifies the positions of the QAM constellation points so that the overall average distortion in the recovered information-bearing source signal is reduced. The PCM bits are mapped onto the WQAM points so that the most significant bits have a lower probability of being in error than the least significant bits. The WQAM systems have been optimized both for the same average and peak signal energy per transmitted symbol as for unweighted QAM. Theoretical and simulation results using speech indicate that 16-level and 256-level WQAM have gains of up to 3 and 5 dB, respectively, over unweighted QAM for the Gaussian channel. The gains due to weighting for 16-level QAM operating over an ideal slow Rayleigh fading channel are up to 5 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>