gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a melatonin radioimmunoassay using radioiodinated melatonin as tracer (1984)

A new radioimmunoassay (RIA) using [125I]-melatonin as tracer for determination of melatonin in biological fluids has been developed. Melatonin antisera were raised in rabbits by immunization with bovine thyroglobulin conjugate of N-acetyl-5- methoxytryptophan . Two high-affinity and specific antisera were obtained. Unlike in previous studies melatonin was radioiodinated directly. Iodo-Gen was used as the oxidant. Radioiodinated melatonin was purified by TLC for use in RIA. Melatonin was extracted from plasma, serum and urine samples (1 ml) with chloroform. Using the extraction the sensitivity of the RIA method was 18 fmol/ml of original sample. Plasma, serum and urine extracts diluted parallelly with synthetic melatonin in RIA. HPLC analysis of plasma and serum extracts showed only one immunoreactive peak co-eluting with synthetic melatonin. Majority of urine immunoreactivity co-eluted with synthetic melatonin, but 7-23% contaminating immunoreactivity was also observed. Daytime values for rat plasma, human serum and urine melatonin were 30-60, 20-40 and 50-130 fmol/ml and the respective night values were 160-300, 180-370 and 230-470 fmol/ml. Thus a characteristic diurnal rhythm of melatonin was observed in all cases. The urinary excretion of immunoreactive melatonin during the day was 3-9 and during the night 11-28 pmol/h. Thus we have developed a specific and valid RIA method for the determination of plasma and serum melatonin. Despite the incomplete specificity of the RIA for urine determinations, a clear diurnal rhythm for urine melatonin was observed. The distinct advantage of the utilization of [125I]melatonin as tracer is that the costly and cumbersome scintillation counting can be avoided.
Scans as primitive parallel operations (1989)

A study of the effects of adding two scan primitives as unit-time primitives to PRAM (parallel random access machine) models is presented. It is shown that the primitives improve the asymptotic running time of many algorithms by an O(log n) factor, greatly simplifying the description of many algorithms, and are significantly easier to implement than memory references. It is argued that the algorithm designer should feel free to use these operations as if they were as cheap as a memory reference. The author describes five algorithms that clearly illustrate how the scan primitives can be used in algorithm design: a radix-sort algorithm, a quicksort algorithm, a minimum-spanning-tree algorithm, a line-drawing algorithm, and a merging algorithm. These all run on an EREW (exclusive read, exclusive write) PRAM with the addition of two scan primitives and are either simpler or more efficient than their pure PRAM counterparts. The scan primitives have been implemented in microcode on the Connection Machine system, are available in PARIS (the parallel instruction set of the machine).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trends in Wireless Communications (2012)

This chapter includes a summary of the history and recent trends in wireless communications especially on mobile cellular systems. The basic transmission problems and solutions are summarized in the physical and network layers. The fundamental limits define the upper performance bounds for spectral and energy efficiency. Regulation and standardization is needed so that the finite frequency resource is used efficiently, and the systems work together even in different continents. We expect that in the future the radio systems will be more intelligent but the level of cognition will depend on the available energy resources.
Anti-angiogenic gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma mediated by microbubble-enhanced ultrasound exposure: An<i>in vivo</i>experimental study (2008)

Gene therapy mediated by ultrasound exposure enhanced by a microbubble contrast agent may become a new treatment option for persistent HCC.
Discrepancy between in vitro measurable and in vivo virus neutralizing cytotoxic T cell reactivities. Low T cell receptor specificity and avidity sufficient for in vitro proliferation or cytotoxicity to peptide-coated target cells but not for in vivo protection (1992)

The TCR-alpha beta of CTL recognize peptide Ag in association with MHC class I molecules. TCR binding should be highly specific to guarantee pathogen specificity and to avoid self-reactivity. Therefore, the in vivo relevance of T cells exhibiting cross-reactivities in vitro and the respective role of the TCR affinities involved are not clear. To analyze high and low avidity T cell activities both in vitro and in vivo, we investigated primary and clonal CTL responses specific for the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein 118-126 epitope in association with the two closely related H-2Ld or H-2Lq molecules. As expected, we found highly specific class I-allele-restricted CTL responses when antiviral protection or immunopathology in vivo and lysis of virus infected target cells in vitro were analyzed. In contrast, the CTL were MHC crossreactive and thus considerably less discriminatory against targets expressing high MHC-peptide densities and in proliferation assays. The data show that relatively high TCR avidities are required for virus neutralization in vivo, in contrast to in vitro analyses of peptide-coated target cells or proliferative T cell responses that may engage TCR of low avidity and broad specificity and therefore may not reflect biologically relevant TCR avidities.
A Simulation-Based Process Model for Managing Complex Design Projects (2005)

This paper presents a process modeling and analysis technique for managing complex design projects using advanced simulation. The model computes the probability distribution of lead time in a stochastic, resource-constrained project network where iterations take place among sequential, parallel, and overlapped tasks. The model uses the design structure matrix representation to capture the information flows between tasks. We use a simulation-based analysis to account for many realistic aspects of design process behavior which were not possible in previous analytical models. We propose a heuristic for the stochastic, resource-constrained project scheduling problem in an iterative project network. The model can be used for better project planning and control by identifying leverage points for process improvements, and for evaluating alternative planning and execution strategies. An industrial example is provided to illustrate the utility of the model.
Phenotypic characterization of <i>Leuconostoc</i> species (1989)

A numerical taxonomic analysis was performed on 81 strains belonging to the Gram‐positive, heterofermentative genus Leuconostoc . These came from different raw milk samples used for cheese manufacture, milk starters, wine and culture collections. Strains were examined for 197 phenotypic characters. On the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, citrate use and dextran production, all the strains were recovered in three clusters at a similarity level of 38% Sj. One cluster was composed entirely of the 11 L. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris strains, characterized by a poor carbohydrate fermentation capacity. The second cluster was very heterogeneous: it contained 60 strains that fermented many carbohydrates, but it was not possible to discriminate between the named species. The third cluster consisted of the 10 L. oenos strains. The addition of antibiotic resistance responses and enzymatic profiles (arylamidase, esterase and hydrolase activities) yielded no significant difference between the strains and did not allow a better discrimination. Only the attribution of a taxonomic weight to some carbohydrate fermentation tests and the use of genetic analyses can resolve the strain identification.
Efficacy of Curcumin in the Management of Chronic Anterior Uveitis (1999)

Curcumin, obtained from rhizomes of Curcuma longa, was administered orally to patients suffering from chronic anterior uveitis (CAU) at a dose of 375 mg three times a day for 12 weeks. Of 53 patients enrolled, 32 completed the 12-week study. They were divided into two groups: one group of 18 patients received curcumin alone, whereas the other group of 14 patients, who had a strong PPD reaction, in addition received antitubercular treatment. The patients in both the groups started improving after 2 weeks of treatment. All the patients who received curcumin alone improved, whereas the group receiving antitubercular therapy along with curcumin had a response rate of 86%. Follow up of all the patients for the next 3 years indicated a recurrence rate of 55% in the first group and of 36% in the second group. Four of 18 (22%) patients in the first group and 3 of 14 patients (21%) in the second group lost their vision in the follow up period due to various complications in the eyes, e.g. vitritis, macular oedema, central venous block, cataract formation, glaucomatous optic nerve damage etc. None of the patients reported any side effect of the drug. The efficacy of curcumin and recurrences following treatment are comparable to corticosteroid therapy which is presently the only available standard treatment for this disease. The lack of side effects with curcumin is its greatest advantage compared with corticosteroids. A double blind multi-centric clinical trial with this drug in CAU is highly desirable to further validate the results of the present study.
Structural Solutions to Dynamic Scheduling for Multimedia Transmission in Unknown Wireless Environments (2010)

In this paper, we propose a systematic solution to the problem of scheduling delay-sensitive media data for transmission over time-varying wireless channels. We first formulate the dynamic scheduling problem as a Markov decision process (MDP) that explicitly considers the users' heterogeneous multimedia data characteristics (e.g. delay deadlines, distortion impacts and dependencies etc.) and time-varying channel conditions, which are not simultaneously considered in state-of-the-art packet scheduling algorithms. This formulation allows us to perform foresighted decisions to schedule multiple data units for transmission at each time in order to optimize the long-term utilities of the multimedia applications. The heterogeneity of the media data enables us to express the transmission priorities between the different data units as a priority graph, which is a directed acyclic graph (DAG). This priority graph provides us with an elegant structure to decompose the multi-data unit foresighted decision at each time into multiple single-data unit foresighted decisions which can be performed sequentially, from the high priority data units to the low priority data units, thereby significantly reducing the computation complexity. When the statistical knowledge of the multimedia data characteristics and channel conditions is unknown a priori, we develop a low-complexity online learning algorithm to update the value functions which capture the impact of the current decision on the future utility. The simulation results show that the proposed solution significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art scheduling solutions.
Structure of the Marek's disease virus BamHI-H gene family: genes of putative importance for tumor induction (1989)

The BamHI H fragment of Marek's disease virus (MDV), which has been hypothesized to contain a tumor-inducing gene, was partially sequenced and analyzed for transcriptional activity. Transcription of several RNAs was found to initiate within BamHI-H, with the major transcripts initiating on either side of a putative MDV origin of lytic replication. A 1.8-kilobase gene family found to be produced only by pathogenic MDV was detected, and its transcription map was produced. It is hypothesized that the 1.8-kilobase gene family is directly associated with the tumorigenic potential of MDV.
Nematode effector proteins: an emerging paradigm of parasitism (2013)

Phytonematodes use a stylet and secreted effectors to modify host cells and ingest nutrients to support their growth and development. The molecular function of nematode effectors is currently the subject of intense investigation. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of nematode effectors, with a particular focus on proteinaceous stylet-secreted effectors of sedentary endoparasitic phytonematodes, for which a wealth of information has surfaced in the past 10 yr. We provide an update on the effector repertoires of several of the most economically important genera of phytonematodes and discuss current approaches to dissecting their function. Lastly, we highlight the latest breakthroughs in effector discovery that promise to shed new light on effector diversity and function across the phylum Nematoda.
Learning Hierarchical Image Representation with Sparsity, Saliency and Locality (2011)

This paper presents a deep learning model of building up hierarchical image representation. Each layer of hierarchy consists of three components: sparse coding, saliency pooling and local grouping. With sparse coding we identify distinctive coefficients for representing raw features of each lower layer; saliency pooling helps suppress noise and enhance translation invariance of sparse representation; we group locally pooled sparse codes to form more complex representations. Instead of using hand-crafted descriptors, our model learns an effective image representation directly from images in a unsupervised data-driven manner. We evaluate our algorithm with several benchmark databases of object recognition and analyze the contributions of different components. Experimental results show that our algorithm performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods.
Reduction of Homologous Blood Requirement in Cardiac Surgery by Intraoperative Aprotinin Application - Clinical Experience in 152 Cardiac Surgical Patients (1989)

The protease inhibitor aprotinin interacts with plasmin and kallikrein, which are generated in cardiac surgery during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The influence of high-dose aprotinin application (2 million kallikrein inactivator units given i.v. at the beginning of anaesthesia followed by a 500,000 KIU/h infusion throughout the operation and additional 2 millions KIU added to the priming of the oxygenator) on perioperative blood loss and donor blood requirement was studied in 152 adult cardiac surgical patients. This group was compared to 317 patients having cardiac surgery without the application of aprotinin. Aprotinin reduced the homologous blood requirement by 43% (1783 +/- 100 vs 1015 +/- 131 ml, p less than 0.05), while the reduction of postoperative blood loss was 29% (1070 +/- 43 vs 761 +/- 51 ml, p less than 0.05). Fortytwo percent of the aprotinin treated patients completed their hospital stay without having any donor blood transfusion compared to 18% in the group without aprotinin. The blood saving effect was even more pronounced in operations with prolonged perfusion times. Intra- and postoperative complications were equally distributed in both groups. The blood-saving effect of aprotinin may be due to a platelet-preserving effect and/or kallikrein inhibition during CPB. There were no clinically relevant side effects related to aprotinin observed. It is concluded that high dose aprotinin therapy reduces both postoperative blood loss and homologous blood requirement, and therefore the routine application of aprotinin during cardiac surgical procedures is to be recommended.
Clarifying the definition of neuropathic pain (2002)

The Pain and Neurosensory Mechanisms Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20892-1258, USA ∗Tel.: +1-301-496-5483, ext.405; fax: +1-301-402-4347 E-mail: [email protected]
Asociación de la lactancia materna y el estado nutricional en niños de 7-11 años con alto peso al nacer (2019)

Introducción: La obesidad, considerada como una de las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles, tiene como característica fundamental su presencia cada vez más frecuente a nivel global, afectar cada vez a más países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo, a ambos sexos, y a todas las edades y grupos sociales. Objetivo: Investigar los beneficios de la lactancia materna en la prevención de la malnutrición por exceso en niños de 7 a 11 años con alto peso al nacer. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con un diseño de tipo caso - control en niños nacidos entre enero de 1992 y diciembre de 1995, con el fin de identificar de forma temprana factores de riesgo (aceleradores ateroscleróticos) como el sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños de 7 a 11 años, que tienen antecedentes de macrosomia o alto peso al nacer. Resultados: Mediante el estudio se constató que, tanto en su distribución como en su promedio de edad y sexo, en ambos grupos no hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas. Mientras que en el promedio y la desviación standard del peso al nacer si existieron. También pudimos observar el efecto protector de la lactancia materna en los primeros 6 meses de vida sobre la malnutrición por exceso, además el porcentaje de normopeso fue mayor que el de los malnutridos por exceso. Conclusiones: La lactancia materna es un protector de la malnutrición por exceso (sobrepeso, obesidad), independiente del peso al nacer.
Electrochromic behavior in ITO and related oxides (1985)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Ronald B. Goldner, G. Foley, E. L. Goldner, P. Norton, K. Wong, T. Haas, G. Seward, and R. Chapman, "Electrochromic behavior in ITO and related oxides," Appl. Opt. 24, 2283-2284 (1985) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Spitz naevi and malignant melanomas of childhood and adolescence (1986)

We reviewed 33 cases of Spitz naevus and 19 of malignant melanoma in patients aged 20 years or less who were evaluated at our institution from 1950 to 1975 and followed-up for up to 32 years. The histological findings were studied prior to review of clinical data. There were no malignant melanomas in patients less than 9 years old; almost half (15/33) of the Spitz naevi were in this age group. Among the 25 histological criteria evaluated in the 52 lesions, the most striking differences between malignant melanomas and Spitz naevi were a higher degree of pagetoid spread, cellular pleomorphism, nuclear hyperchromasia and mitotic activity in the malignant melanomas, and a more prominent spindle cell component in Spitz naevi. We stress the importance of cytological as well as architectural criteria in distinguishing between Spitz naevi and malignant melanomas and emphasize the pitfalls that may be encountered because of overlap in histological features between the two groups.
Selective Induction of Heparin-binding Epidermal Growth Factor-like Growth Factor by Methylglyoxal and 3-Deoxyglucosone in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (1997)

Methylglyoxal (MG) and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), reactive dicarbonyl metabolites in the glyoxalase system and glycation reaction, respectively, selectively induced heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF)-like growth factor mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). A nuclear run-on assay revealed that the dicarbonyl may regulate expression of HB-EGF at the transcription level. The dicarbonyl also increased the secretion of HB-EGF from RASMC. However, platelet-derived growth factor, another known growth factor of smooth muscle cells (SMC), was not induced by both dicarbonyls. The dicarbonyl augmented intracellular peroxides prior to the induction of HB-EGF mRNA as judged by flow cytometric analysis using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine and aminoguanidine suppressed both dicarbonyl-increased HB-EGF mRNA and intracellular peroxide levels in RASMC. DL-Buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine increased the levels of 3-DG-induced HB-EGF mRNA. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide alone also induced HB-EGF mRNA in RASMC. These results indicate that MG and 3-DG induce HB-EGF by increasing the intracellular peroxide levels. In addition, the pretreatment with 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate failed to alter dicarbonyl-induced HB-EGF mRNA expression in RASMC, suggesting that the signal transducing mechanism is not mediated by protein kinase C. Since HB-EGF is known as a potent mitogen for smooth muscle cells and is abundant in atherosclerotic plaques, the induction of HB-EGF by MG and 3-DG, as well as the concomitant increment of intracellular peroxides, may trigger atherogenesis during diabetes.
Spin Polarization of Photoelectrons from Topological Insulators (2012)

We show that the degree of spin polarization of photoelectrons from the surface states of topological insulators is 100% if fully polarized light is used as in typical photoemission measurements, and, hence, can be significantly higher than that of the initial state. Further, the spin orientation of these photoelectrons in general can also be very different from that of the initial surface state and is controlled by the photon polarization. A rich set of predicted phenomena have recently been confirmed by spin- and angle-resolved photoemission experiments.
Synthetic RNA modules for fine-tuning gene expression levels in yeast by modulating RNase III activity (2011)

The design of synthetic gene networks requires an extensive genetic toolbox to control the activities and levels of protein components to achieve desired cellular functions. Recently, a novel class of RNA-based control modules, which act through post-transcriptional processing of transcripts by directed RNase III (Rnt1p) cleavage, were shown to provide predictable control over gene expression and unique properties for manipulating biological networks. Here, we increase the regulatory range of the Rnt1p control elements, by modifying a critical region for enzyme binding to its hairpin substrates, the binding stability box (BSB). We used a high throughput, cell-based selection strategy to screen a BSB library for sequences that exhibit low fluorescence and thus high Rnt1p processing efficiencies. Sixteen unique BSBs were identified that cover a range of protein expression levels, due to the ability of the sequences to affect the hairpin cleavage rate and to form active cleavable complexes with Rnt1p. We further demonstrated that the activity of synthetic Rnt1p hairpins can be rationally programmed by combining the synthetic BSBs with a set of sequences located within a different region of the hairpin that directly modulate cleavage rates, providing a modular assembly strategy for this class of RNA-based control elements.
A programmable positive and negative high-voltage DC-DC converter dedicated for ultrasonic applications (2005)

This paper concerns the design and implementation of a fully integrated programmable high voltage CMOS DC-DC up-converter (PHVUC), followed by a negative high voltage doubler (NHVD) stage, which is dedicated to ultrasonic transmitters. The proposed PHVUC topology is based on a 5-stage charge pump circuit, and a level up shifter is used in each stage as a clock generator in order to increase exponentially the DC voltage. A floating gate technique is used to protect the gate oxide of transistors and a low power, low area level up shifter is proposed. Positive and negative HV DC levels are needed to drive ultrasound cells and are generated by a new NHVD. Post layout simulation results of the proposed circuits, using 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS/DMOS high-voltage process technology, show an output voltage range from -100V up to 200V and a fine programmability achieved with 98% gain voltage factor and 45mV output ripples at 2 MHz clock frequency. By implementing the floating gate technique, the power consumption of the level up shifter can be reduced to 50% compared to conventional one.