gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of glycogen synthesis in human muscle cells (2001)

Glucose uptake into muscle and its subsequent storage as glycogen is a crucial factor in energy homeostasis in skeletal muscle. This process is stimulated acutely by insulin and is impaired in both insulin-resistant states and in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A signalling pathway involving protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase 3 seems certain to have a key role in stimulating glycogen synthesis but other signalling pathways also contribute, including a rapamycin-sensitive pathway stimulated by amino acids. Although glycogen synthesis is one of the classical insulin-regulated pathways, it is also regulated in an insulin-independent manner; for example glycogen synthesis in muscle is stimulated significantly after strenuous exercise, with much of this stimulation being independent of the involvement of insulin. Evidence suggests that glucose and the glycogen content of the muscle have a key role in this stimulation but the molecular mechanism has yet to be fully explained.
Photo carrier generation in bipolar transistors (2002)

Anomalous substrate currents have been observed in SiGe bipolar NPN-transistors, dependent on the collector bias, at high current levels. These currents appear to originate from light that is generated in the collector base junction when it is reverse biased. This light generates electron hole pairs in the n/sup +/ buried layer-substrate diode, yielding a considerable substrate current. This paper will show that these substrate currents can be used as a useful monitor for the occurrence of avalanche multiplication and high-level injection (Kirk effect) in heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs).
Born-like scaling of elastic electron scattering cross sections for elements near <i>Z</i> = 79 at 200–500 eV (1975)

The elastic, electron−Hg scattering measurements of Bromberg show a Born−like scaling in the 200−500 eV energy range. The calculations presented here show that this scaling is present in the static approximation and that the general feature is a shoulder in the energy dependence of the small−to−moderate−momentum−transfer differential cross section. This shoulder for Hg is predicted to be a part of a general structure in the elastic, electron−scattering cross sections for elements near Au in the periodic table.
Generation and cycloaddition reactions of phenylsulfonyl-substituted 1,3-butadienes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneration and cycloaddition reactions of phenylsulfonyl-substituted 1,3-butadienesAlbert Padwa, Brian Harrison, S. Shaun Murphree, and Philip E. YeskeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 17, 4232–4235Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00278a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00278a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust hypoxia-selective regulation of a retinal pigment epithelium-specific adeno-associated virus vector. (2008)

The hypoxia-regulated, aerobically-silenced RPE-targeting vector forms a platform for focal autoregulated delivery of antiangiogenic agents in hypoxic regions of the RPE. Such autoinitiated therapy provides a means for early intervention in choroidal neovascularization, when it is most sensitive to inhibition.
Insect Growth Regulators: Mode of Action on the Cat Flea, Ctenocephalides Felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)1 (1986)

Four insect growth regulators, Ro 16-1295, methoprene, fenoxycarb, and Ro 15-8630, caused 99% reduction in larval-to-adult (emerged) development of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis , when they were incorporated in the larval rearing medium at rates of 10.5, 13.3, 15.9, and 41.6 ppb, respectively. Significantly higher concentrations of hydroprene (355.6 ppb), Pro-Drone (648.5 ppb), and CGA-112913 (4.500 ppm) had to be applied to achieve the same result. Methoprene, Pro-Drone, Ro 15-8630, and CGA-112913 affected mainly the pupal stage (adult emergence), while fenoxycarb and Ro 16-1295 affected both larval (cocoon formation) and pupal stages. At lower concentrations hydroprene affected the pupal stage more than the larval stage, but at higher concentrations it affected both stages equally. When methoprene was applied to larvae from 1.5 to 5.5 days old, no significant differences were noticed for larval and pupal mortalities among the different ages. Adult emergence was reduced by 84% when cocoons less than 2 days old were exposed to 0.01 ppm of methoprene. Methoprene, fenoxycarb, Ro 15-8630, hydroprene, and Pro-Drone caused from 1 to 5% of larvae to pupate without spinning silk cocoons.
Localization of the Palmitoylation Site in the Transmembrane Protein p12E of Friend Murine Leukaemia Virus (1995)

Friend murine leukaemia virus complex was propagated on murine cells in the presence of [9,10‐ 3 H]palmitic acid. Virus particles were harvested from the culture supernatant and lysed with detergents. The viral transmembrane protein, p12E, was isolated from the lysates by size‐exclusion chromatography and purified by narrowbore reverse‐phase HPLC. Analysis of the purified product by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) revealed that the protein is palmitoylated carrying one fatty acid residue. The radiolabelled fatty acid was released by hydroxylamine treatment at pH 7, indicating that acylation occurred via a thioester linkage. For allocation of the acylation site, p12E was digested with trypsin. The resulting peptides were either directly subjected to MALDI‐TOF‐MS or fractionated by microbore reverse‐phase HPLC prior to mass spectrometry. The results revealed that p12E of Friend murine leukaemia virus is acylated at a cysteine residue situated at the C‐terminal side of the putative transmembrane anchor of the polypeptide. Fatty acid analysis of the purified acylpeptide demonstrated that p12E carries almost exclusively palmitic acid.
<title>Laser biomodulation on stem cells</title> (2001)

Stem cells are views from the perspectives of their function, evolution, development, and cause. Counterintuitively, most stem cells may arise late in development, to act principally in tissue renewal, thus ensuring an organisms long-term survival. Surprisingly, recent reports suggest that tissue-specific adult stem cells have the potential to contribute to replenishment of multiple adult tissues. Stem cells are currently in the news for two reasons: the successful cultivation of human embryonic stem cell lines and reports that adult stem cells can differentiate into developmentally unrelated cell types, such as nerve cells into blood cells. The spotlight on stem cells has revealed gaps in our knowledge that must be filled if we are to take advantage of their full potential for treating devastating degenerative diseases such as Parkinsons's disease and muscular dystrophy. We need to know more about the intrinsic controls that keep stem cells as stem cells or direct them along particular differentiation pathways. Such intrinsic regulators are, in turn, sensitive to the influences of the microenvironment, or niche, where stem cells normally reside. Both intrinsic and extrinsic signals regular stem cell fate and some of these signals have now been identified. Vacek et al and Wang et al have studied the effect of low intensity laser on the haemopoietic stem cells in vitro. There experiments show there is indeed the effect of low intensity laser on the haemopoietic stem cells in vitro, and the present effect is the promotion of haemopoietic stem cells proliferation. In other words, low intensity laser irradiation can act as an extrinsic signal regulating stem cell fate. In this paper, we study how low intensity laser can be used to regulate stem cell fate from the viewpoint of collective phototransduction.
Physical, Chemical, and Chemical−Physical Double Network of Zwitterionic Hydrogels (2008)

Zwitterionic hydrogels are very promising for biomedical applications. They are usually copolymerized with other polymers to improve their mechanical properties often at the expense of their biological properties. In this study, physically cross-linked poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (polySBMA) hydrogels were prepared, and their physical properties including phase behavior were investigated. Linear polySBMAs, with an average molecular weight ranging from 20.9 kDa to 316 kDa, were prepared via free radical polymerization at different KCl concentrations. The opaque-transparent phase transition of polySBMA-water mixtures were measured using a UV-vis spectrometer. Analysis from dynamic rheometry showed the formation of physically cross-linked hydrogels with mechanical ductility due to reversible charge interactions. Chemically cross-linked hydrogels were also prepared, and their swelling and mechanical properties were evaluated. It was found that the introduction of cross-linkers could lead to a decrease in the amount of physical cross-links in chemical hydrogels. In order to improve the mechanical properties of SBMA hydrogels, linear polySBMA was introduced to the network of chemically cross-linked polySBMA gels, creating a chemical-physical double network (DN) with both chemical and physical cross-links. The chemical-physical DN provides a desirable method to improve the mechanical properties of zwitterionic hydrogels without introducing other hydrophobic moieties.
Antibodies to maize in patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and coeliac disease. (1979)

The incidence of antibodies to maize using an immunofluorescent technique has been found to be 14% in controls, 33% in Crohn's disease, 50% in ulcerative colitis and 44% in coeliac disease. This result indicates that humoral immunity to maize is probably unimportant in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. The similar incidence of antibodies in the inflammatory bowel disease and coeliac groups suggests absorption of dietary antigen secondary to an increased mucosal permeability.
Transcriptional analysis of the Bacillus subtilis teichuronic acid operon (1999)

The cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria consist primarily of a macromolecular matrix comprising similar amounts of peptidoglycan and covalently attached anionic polymers. Under most growth conditions the anionic polymers of Bacillus subtilis are principally teichoic acids; in strain 168 these include a polyglycerol teichoic acid and a glucose/galactosamine-containing teichoic acid. However, when cultures are subjected to phosphate stress the bacterium induces a complex series of responses, one of which is the replacement of at least part of the wall teichoic acid with teichuronic acid, a non-phosphate-containing anionic polymer. In this paper the construction of a transcriptional reporter strain that facilitates the monitoring of the promoter region upstream of the tua operon involved in teichuronic acid synthesis and its controlled expression are reported. The expression of the tua operon was monitored in both phosphate-starved, non-growing batch cultures and phosphate-limited continuous cultures. We show that the transcription of the operon correlates well with the anionic polymer composition of the cell walls.
Lymphocyte subset reference ranges in healthy Saudi Arabian children (1998)

In an attempt to establish the reference ranges for lymphocyte subsets in children, the distribution of lymphocyte population-bearing surface markers such as CD3 (T cells), CD19 (B cells), CD4 (T helper/inducer cells), CD8 (T suppressor/cytotoxic cells), and CD16 and/or CD56 on CD3- cells (NK cells) has been studied among healthy Saudi Arabian infants and children. Normal adult blood donors were used for comparison. Anticoagulated peripheral blood was stained with monoclonal antibodies and the lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of the above markers. Absolute and percentage values for most lymphocyte populations differed substantially not only between children and adults but also among children from different age groups. Absolute numbers of all the lymphocyte subsets decreased with age from 1 month to 13 years; the median value declined from 4.1 to 1.9 (T cells), 1.6 to 0.6 (B cells), 0.5 to 0.3 (NK cells), 2.7 to 1.0 (CD4+ T cells) and 1.5 to 0.8 x 10(3) cells/mm3 (CD8+ T cells). HLA-DR+ T cell counts changed significantly from 0.3 to 0.2 x 10 (3) cells/mm3 during the same age period. In contrast, the lymphocyte percentage increased in all the subsets except B cells and CD4+ T cells with time. The percentage values increased from 66 to 74 (T cells), 8 to 11 (NK cells), 23 to 39 (CD8+ T cells) and 4 to 9 (HLA-DR+ T cells). The values changed from 24 to 12 and 46 to 39 for B cells and CD4+ T cells, respectively, with age from 1 month to 13 years. The variations in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells resulted in a decrease in CD4+/CD8+ ratio from 2.0 to 1.1 with age. These data should be useful as reference values for lymphocyte subsets in various diseases of infants and children.
Role of afferent activity from the bladder in regulating its activity (1959)

Sympathetic efferent activity to the bladder was recorded from the hypogastric nerves of cats. When the pelvic (afferent) nerves were sectioned or a local anesthetic applied, sympathetic activity decreased. It is concluded from these data and from previous work that sympathetic inhibitory tone necessary for normal function is maintained by afferent activity from the bladder. Nerve section experiments are reinterpreted in the light of these data.
Comparison of protein coding gene contents of the fungal phyla Pezizomycotina and Saccharomycotina (2007)

Our analysis predicts that all Pezizomycotina unlike Saccharomycotina can potentially produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites and secreted enzymes and that the responsible gene families are likely to evolve fast. Both types of fungal products can be of commercial value, or on the other hand cause harm to humans. In addition, a great number of novel predicted and known enzymes are found from all fungi except Saccharomycotina. Therefore further studies and exploitation of fungal metabolism appears very promising.
A fluctuational electrodynamic analysis of microscale radiative transfer and the design of microscale thermophotovoltaic devices (1997)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1997.
Chemie und Technologie der Silicone II. Herstellung und Verwendung von Siliconpolymeren (1989)

Abstract Siliconpolymere werden heute weit verbreitet dort eingesetzt, wo hohe Anforderungen an Werkstoffe gestellt werden. Ihr Eigenschaftsprofil – hohe Lebensdauer und große thermische Beständigkeit – hat eine Produktpalette entstehen lassen, die von Ölen über Elastomere bis zu Harzen reicht. Charakteristisches Merkmal der Silicone (chemische Bezeichnung: Polyorganosiloxane) ist ihr Aufbau aus alternierenden Silicium‐ und Sauerstoff‐Atomen. Die noch freien Valenzen des Siliciums sind durch organische Gruppen, überwiegend durch Methylgruppen, abgesättigt (Abbildung 1). Die große Beständigkeit der Silicone gegen hohe Temperaturen, UV‐Strahlung und Witterung beruht auf dem Zusammenwirken von anorganischem Grundgerüst und reaktionsträgen Methylgruppen. Die Abschirmung der polaren SiO‐Einheiten durch die frei drehbaren, unpolaren Methylgruppen und die schraubenförmige (helixartige) Konformation der Molekülketten haben zur Folge, daß zwischen benachbarten Ketten nur geringe intermolekulare Anziehungskräfte wirken. Das erklärt unter anderem die niedrige Glasübergangs temperatur (T g = −120 °C) Die Glasübergangstemperatur T g ist diejenige Temperatur, bei der die Segment‐ und Seitengruppen‐Bewegungen aller Polymer‐ketten vollständig einfrieren. der Poly(dimethylsiloxane) und die nur mäßige Festigkeit von vernetzten Siliconpolymeren.
Seroprevalence of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Infection in the United States (2002)

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 accounts for about half of cervical cancers worldwide. This study investigated the seroepidemiology of HPV-16 infection in the United States by using a population-based survey. Serum samples and questionnaire data were collected from 1991 to 1994 for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. HPV-16-specific IgG antibody was detected by use of an HPV-16 virus-like particle ELISA. HPV-16 seropositivity in the US population aged 12-59 years was 13.0% (95% confidence interval, 11.5%-14.7%). Seroprevalence was higher in women (17.9%) than in men (7.9%). Age, race/ethnicity, and number of lifetime sex partners were associated with HPV seropositivity in women. Race/ethnicity, age at first intercourse, urban/nonurban residence, years of sexual activity, and having had sex with a man were associated with HPV seropositivity in men. Information on HPV-16 seroepidemiology will be important for designing prevention efforts including vaccine programs.
The Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, PTP-RO, Is Upregulated During Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Is Associated With the c-Kit Receptor (1999)

We have recently isolated a cDNA encoding a novel human receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase, termed PTP-RO (for a protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor omicron), from 5-fluorouracil–treated murine bone marrow cells. PTP-RO is a human homologue of murine PTPλ and is related to the homotypically adhering κ and μ receptor-type tyrosine phosphatases. PTP-RO is expressed in human megakaryocytic cell lines, primary bone marrow megakaryocytes, and stem cells. PTP-RO mRNA and protein expression are upregulated upon phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment of the megakaryocytic cell lines CMS, CMK, and Dami. To elucidate the function of PTP-RO in megakaryocytic cells and its potential involvement in the stem cell factor (SCF)/c-Kit receptor pathway, COS-7 and 293 cells were cotransfected with the cDNAs of both the c-Kit tyrosine kinase receptor and PTP-RO. PTP-RO was found to be associated with the c-Kit receptor in these transfected cells and the SCF/Kit ligand induced a rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of PTP-RO. Interestingly, these transfected cells demonstrated a decrease in their proliferative response to the SCF/Kit ligand. In addition, we assessed the association of PTP-RO with c-Kit in vivo. The results demonstrated that PTP-RO associates with c-Kit but not with the tyrosine kinase receptor FGF-R and that PTP-RO is tyrosine-phosphorylated after SCF stimulation of Mo7e and CMK cells. Antisense oligonucleotides directed against PTP-RO mRNA sequences significantly inhibited megakaryocyte progenitor proliferation. Therefore, these data show that the novel tyrosine kinase phosphatase PTP-RO is involved in megakaryocytopoiesis and that its function is mediated by the SCF/c-Kit pathway.
Autoreactive T cells to platelet GPIIb-IIIa in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Role in production of anti-platelet autoantibody. (1998)

T cell proliferative responses to platelet membrane GPIIb-IIIa were examined in 14 patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), 7 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with or without thrombocytopenia, and 10 healthy donors. Although peripheral blood T cells from all subjects failed to respond to the protein complex in its native state, reduced GPIIb-IIIa stimulated T cells from three ITP patients and one SLE patient with thrombocytopenia, and tryptic peptides of GPIIb-IIIa stimulated T cells from nearly all subjects. The specificity of the responses for GPIIb-IIIa was confirmed by activation of GPIIb-IIIa-primed T cells by a recombinant GPIIbalpha fragment in secondary cultures. Characterization of T cell response induced by modified GPIIb-IIIa showed that the response was restricted by HLA-DR, the responding T cells had a CD4(+) phenotype, and the proliferation was accelerated only in ITP patients, suggesting in vivo activation of these T cells. In vitro IgG anti-GPIIb-IIIa synthesis in PBMC cultures was induced by modified GPIIb-IIIa specifically in ITP patients with platelet-associated anti-GPIIb-IIIa antibody. Anti-GPIIb-IIIa antibody produced in supernatants was absorbed by incubation with normal platelets. In summary, CD4(+) and HLA-DR-restricted T cells to GPIIb-IIIa are involved in production of anti-platelet autoantibody in ITP patients and are related to the pathogenic process in chronic ITP.
Immune Tolerance Induction with Multiepitope Peptide Derived from Citrullinated Autoantigens Attenuates Arthritis Manifestations in Adjuvant Arthritis Rats (2015)

Abstract Citrullinated peptides are major targets of disease-specific autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Currently, citrullinated peptides are used as biomarkers for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis by measuring anti-citrullinated protein Ab (ACPA) titers in patients’ sera. The accumulation of citrullinated proteins at synovial inflammation sites suggests that they are possible targets for tolerance induction. The objective of the present study was to determine whether citrullinated peptides could induce tolerance in an experimental arthritis model in rats. In view of the multiplicity of target citrullinated autoantigens described for ACPA, we generated a multiepitope citrullinated peptide (Cit-ME), derived from major prevalent citrullinated autoantigens (citrullinated filaggrin, fibrinogen, vimentin, and collagen type II), and studied its effects on arthritic rats. Adjuvant-induced arthritis was induced in Lewis rats. Beginning at day 7 after disease induction, the rats received eight s.c. injections of Cit-ME on alternate days. Differences in clinical status and modulation of T cell populations were analyzed. In adjuvant-induced arthritis rats treated with Cit-ME, disease severity was significantly reduced compared with that of untreated rats. Moreover, amelioration of disease manifestations was related to an increased regulatory T cell subset and an elevated apoptosis rate of T cells associated with reduced Th17 cells. Thus, the use of citrullinated peptides–based immunotherapy may be a promising approach for tolerance induction in experimental arthritis and perhaps even in susceptible individuals that are ACPA-seropositive in human arthritis.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN NUCLEAR SOCIETY 1962 ANNUAL MEETING BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS JUNE 18-21, 1962 (1962)

Summaries of 315 papers are included; the title of each is listed in NSA. For the users convenience all titles have been listed in this subject category. Where other subject categories would be more appropriate, cross references have been used. Complete author and subject indexes have been prepared. In the event the complete papers are published later, they will be announced in NSA. (D.E.B)