gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Biological psychiatry (neuropsychiatry)--status and perspectives for for the 1990s]. (1993)

In recent years, research into biological aspects of psychiatric disorders has had high priority. Biological psychiatry, or neuropsychiatry, is characterised by (a) empiricist epistemology, (b) a diathesis-stress disease model, (c) neurobiological pathogenetic theories, (d) chemical or physical treatment as an essential though not necessarily sufficient measure, and (e) a patient-oriented ethical approach. A short review of some major topics is given, including standardised assessment, clinical and molecular genetics, neurotransmitter theories, neuro-imaging techniques, panic disorder, classic and novel psychopharmacological compounds, and alcohol and drug dependence. Avenues of future research endeavours are delineated, and it is concluded that in the future neuropsychiatry should play a major part in psychiatry, though closely integrated with psychological and social theory.
Change Factors Influencing the Diffusion and Adoption of Green Building Practices (2014)

This study aims to improve how human performance improvement (HPI) practitioners manage attributes of change. While there have been numerous studies addressing various aspects of change management, few have examined how the characteristics of the change itself contribute to adoption. This study addresses a change scenario of current importance and interest. Researchers coded applicable survey responses from a previous study and performed factor analysis to identify barriers and incentives to green building, including Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification, for construction industry professionals in the Pacific Northwest, and how those professionals feel about adopting “green” building practices—among them, the LEED rating system. Findings suggest that (a) the qualities of some changes have far more influence on adoption than others, such as difficulty of transition, and (b) other characteristics combine to exert their influence in concert with one another. Finally, a user's perception of the value of the change was significant. The article's conclusion addresses how HPI practitioners can integrate the findings into green building adoption specifically, as well as within the greater context of change management and implementation practices in general.
Internet Worm Detection as part of a Distributed Network Inspection System (2004)

The most widely publicized, and arguably most damaging, types of malicious traffic on the\nInternet today include worms, spam, viruses and denial of service attacks. Internet worms\nself propagate across networks exploiting flaws in operating systems and services,\nspreading viruses and congesting network links. Worms constitute a significant security\nand performance threat and have recently been used to facilitate distributed denial of\nservice (dDoS) attacks. It is the aim of this dissertation to investigate approaches for\ndetecting a wide range of malicious activity such as worms and (d)DoS. This dissertation\ndescribes the design and implementation of an object orientated framework for distributed\nintrusion detection. The framework features heterogeneous sensors with a configurable\nevent source that can adapt by dynamically composing components at run-time. The\nsensors are controlled remotely by a management application that can configure, extend\nand control sensors individually. The framework is extensible and allows researchers to\nquickly implement and evaluated detection techniques in a live network environment. A\nnumber of components have been implemented for the framework including a component\ndesigned to detect internet worms. It was found that this component could successfully\ndetect a range of malicious activity including worms on both low utilisation dial-up links\nand gateway router links.
Flexible MXene/Graphene Films for Ultrafast Supercapacitors with Outstanding Volumetric Capacitance (2017)

A strategy to prepare flexible and conductive MXene/graphene (reduced graphene oxide, rGO) supercapacitor electrodes by using electrostatic self‐assembly between positively charged rGO modified with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and negatively charged titanium carbide MXene nanosheets is presented. After electrostatic assembly, rGO nanosheets are inserted in‐between MXene layers. As a result, the self‐restacking of MXene nanosheets is effectively prevented, leading to a considerably increased interlayer spacing. Accelerated diffusion of electrolyte ions enables more electroactive sites to become accessible. The freestanding MXene/rGO‐5 wt% electrode displays a volumetric capacitance of 1040 F cm −3 at a scan rate of 2 mV s −1 , an impressive rate capability with 61% capacitance retention at 1 V s −1 and long cycle life. Moreover, the fabricated binder‐free symmetric supercapacitor shows an ultrahigh volumetric energy density of 32.6 Wh L −1 , which is among the highest values reported for carbon and MXene based materials in aqueous electrolytes. This work provides fundamental insight into the effect of interlayer spacing on the electrochemical performance of 2D hybrid materials and sheds light on the design of next‐generation flexible, portable and highly integrated supercapacitors with high volumetric and rate performances.
Rotating cryogenic drum supplying solid Xe target to generate extreme ultraviolet radiation (2006)

In order to generate high-average-power extreme ultraviolet radiation around 13.5nm from laser-produced plasma, a fast rotating cryogenic drum system which can continuously supply a solid Xe target for high-repetition laser pulses has been developed. It was successfully operated at a rotating speed of 1000rpm and an up-down speed of 3mm∕s. The growth rate of the solid Xe layer is kept at a constant speed (for example, 18μm∕s) with a constant rate of Xe input flow, independent of the rotating speed. It has been demonstrated that wipers play an important role in recovering the laser craters with a recovery rate of 150μm∕s. These performances allow laser illuminations on the solid Xe target with a pulse repetition rate of 10kHz without overlapping laser craters.
Properties of partially cured networks. 2. The glass transition (1985)

The increase of the glass transition temperature during the isothermal cure of a model network formed by the reaction of a,w-dihydroxypoly(propylene oxide) with tris(4-isocyanatophenyl) thiophosphate has been investigated. It is shown that the reaction proceeds first under kinetic control and then under diffusion control upon which is superimposed an intramolecular reaction beyond the gel point. Loop formation occurring during the intramolecular reaction lea:ds to a decrease in the rate of the Tg increase due to plasticization. The dependence of the Tg change on the degree of cure is treated by ,a WLF approach. The diffusion-controlled part of the cure of the model network investigated and also that of two epoxy resins follow a master curve. Broadening of the glass transition in the model network is attributed t<) the influence of increasing hydrogen bonding between flrethane NH and ether oxygen groups.
Tailoring the work function of indium tin oxide electrodes in electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2009)

We investigate the use of organic surface modifiers based on phosphonic acid anchoring groups that react with the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) in order to modify its work function, surface energy, and the charge injection in organic multilayer electrophosphorescent devices. The phosphonic acid surface modifiers, possessing different substituting groups, are found to tune the work function of ITO in the range of 4.40–5.40 eV. These surface modifiers have been tested as an interfacial layer between the ITO anode and hole transport layers (HTL) that are either processed from the vapor phase or from solution. The use of this interfacial layer with a solution-processible HTL results in high quantum and luminous efficiencies of 20.6% and 68 cd/A at 100 cd/m2 (17.5% and 60 cd/A at 1000 cd/m2). The enhanced performance of the devices incorporating phosphonic acid modifiers could be associated with an improved charge injection and a better compatibility with the hydrophobic nature of the organic layer. The performance of these devices is also compared to that of devices in which ITO is modified with other well-known techniques such as air plasma treatment or the use of a layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate).
Nitrogen-Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanowhisker Ensembles on Carbon Nanofiber for High-Performance Supercapacitors (2014)

Controlled synthesis of carbon nanomaterials with particular shape, composition, architecture, and doping is very important, yet still a great challenge, for enhancing supercapacitor performance with high energy and power densities and long lifetime. Herein, we demonstrate an interesting process combining surfactantless and templateless wet chemical and post-high-temperature carbonization strategies for obtaining a new class of nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanowhisker ensembles supported on carbon nanofibers (NHCNs) with tunable micropores and a nitrogen-doping level for high-performance supercapacitors. Under the optimal pore size and nitrogen doping controlled by carbonization at different temperatures, the NHCNs (NHCNs-750) carbonized at 750 °C shows an optimal specific capacitance of 210.1 F g–1 at 5 mV s–1, which is much higher than other one-dimensional carbon nanostructures (e.g., pure carbon nanofibers (2.6 F g–1) and carbon nanotubes (10.6 F g–1) at 5 mVs–1). NHCNs-750 also showed good rate capability of 78.5% and 75.2% capacitance retention at 100 mV s–1 and 200 mV s–1, respectively, and excellent cycling stability of 96.2% capacitance retention after 3000 cycles. Furthermore, we found that the specific capacitance of NHCNs can be further increased to 254.3 F g–1 by a KOH-assisted high-temperature process. The present work opens a new route to design advanced 1D hierarchical carbon nanomaterials with tunable pores and nitrogen doping for enhancing energy storage and conversion applications.
Observations on catalysis by hammerhead ribozymes are consistent with a two-divalent-metal-ion mechanism (1997)

Significant cleavage by hammerhead ribozymes requires activation by divalent metal ions. Several models have been proposed to account for the influence of metal ions on hammerhead activity. A number of recent papers have presented data that have been interpreted as supporting a one-metal-hydroxide-ion mechanism. In addition, a solvent deuterium isotope effect has been taken as evidence against a proton transfer in the rate-limiting step of the cleavage reaction. We propose that these data are more easily explained by a two-metal-ion mechanism that does not involve a metal hydroxide, but does involve a proton transfer in the rate-limiting step.
Multimedia Interfaces: Don't Move My Cheese! (2006)

The author notes ways to be more consistent and practical when designing an interface.He also provides a concrete example of a less-than-perfect user interface on a phone/fax/answering machine.
Capacitance engineering for InP-based heterostructure barrier varactor (1998)

We investigate new schemes of InP-based heterostructure barrier varactors with the aim of enhancing the capacitance nonlinearity of the devices. Starting from a generic step-like InGaAs/InAlAs/AlAs single barrier heterostructure, planar-doped and buried InAs quantum-well barrier heterostructures were successfully fabricated. It is shown that both solutions lead to more efficient screening of electric field near equilibrium and hence to improvement in the capacitance-voltage ratios with values as high as /spl sim/7:1. Under bias, the capacitance modulation is governed by an escaping mechanism in contrast to the conventional depletion operation mode observed for conventional varactors.
Diversity of cell-mediated adhesions in breast cancer spheroids (2007)

Due to their three dimensional (3D) architecture, multicellular tumor spheroids mimic avascular tumor areas comprising the establishment of diffusion gradients, reduced proliferation rates and increased drug resistance. We have shown recently that the spontaneous formation of spheroids is restricted to a limited number of cell lines whereas the majority grow only as aggregates of cells with loose cell-cell contacts when cultured in 3D. However, by the addition of reconstituted basement membrane (rBM, Matrigel), aggregates can be transformed into spheroids with diffusion barriers and development of quiescent therapy-resistant cells. In this report, we investigated adhesion molecules responsible for rBM-driven versus spontaneous spheroid formation in a diverse population of eight breast tumor cell lines relevant for in vitro and in vivo antitumor drug testing. Inhibition of spheroid formation was monitored in the presence of adhesion molecule functional blocking antibodies and after siRNA-mediated down-regulation of E- and N-cadherin and integrin beta1 adhesion receptors. We identified that E-cadherin mediates the spontaneous formation of spheroids in MCF7, BT-474, T-47D and MDA-MB-361 cells, whereas N-cadherin is responsible for tight packing of MDA-MB-435S cells. In contrast, the matrix protein-induced transformation of 3D aggregates into spheroids in MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells is mediated primarily by the collagen I/integrin beta1 interaction with no cadherin involvement. A combination of both, homophilic E-cadherin and integrin beta1/collagen I interaction establishes spheroids in MDA-MB-468 cells. These findings indicate that an evolutionary diverse and complex pattern of interacting cell surface proteins exists in breast cancer cells that determines the 3D growth characteristic in vitro, thereby influencing small molecule or antibody permeation in preclinical in vitro and in vivo tumor models.
Aging of hearing ability (1996)

The average life span of the Japanese has been drastically extended in recent decades thanks to developments in medical science and treatments. Considerations for the aged are demanded in every aspect of social life including voice announcements by synthetic speech. The real situation of hearing synthetic speech by aged persons is clarified through dictation tests on synthetic speech generated by a commercial synthesizer system using texts from Murphy’s law for 58 subjects aged 10 to 80 years old. In order to investigate the effects of hearing loss and language ability, dictation results were compared with results of hearing tests for sinusoidal waves and language ability tests by various types of written and oral tests. Dictation scores of primary school children and aged persons show larger variances compared with those for subjects 20–59 years old. Rates of mishearing by aged persons having hearing difficulty sometimes exceed 50% in mora units, although those of primary school children remain within 18% at the most. The correlation coefficient between dictation score and comprehension score was 0.76. Occurrence rates of phonemic confusion on plosive sounds by subjects with hearing difficulty show clear differences between voiced plosives and unvoiced plosives. [Work supported by STA, Japan.]
Risk and resilience in preterm children at age 6 (2014)

Children born preterm are at risk for experiencing significant deleterious developmental outcomes throughout their childhood and adolescence. However, individual variation and resilience are hallmarks of the preterm population. The present study examined pathways to resilience across multiple domains (e.g., social activities, peer relations, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomology, externalizing and internalizing behavior, and sleep quality) as children born preterm reached school age. The study also examined early child and family predictors of resilience. Using a prospective longitudinal design, 173 infants born preterm and without significant neurological complications were assessed at five time points: neonatal intensive care unit discharge, 9 months, 16 months, 24 months, and 6 years. Three pathways of adaptation emerged at 6 years: children who were resilient, those who remained at-risk, and children who exhibited significant difficulties. Resilient children were less likely to have experienced negative parenting at 9 and 16 months, more likely to delay gratification at 24 months, and more likely to experience neonatal health complications than nonresilient children.
Stability of Graphene Edges under Electron Beam: Equilibrium Energetics <i>versus</i> Dynamic Effects (2011)

Electron beam of a transmission electron microscope can be used to alter the morphology of graphene nanoribbons and create atomically sharp edges required for applications of graphene in nanoelectronics. Using density-functional-theory-based simulations, we study the radiation hardness of graphene edges and show that the response of the ribbons to irradiation is not determined by the equilibrium energetics as assumed in previous experiments, but by kinetic effects associated with the dynamics of the edge atoms after impacts of energetic electrons. We report an unexpectedly high stability of armchair edges, comparable to that of pristine graphene, and demonstrate that the electron energy should be below ∼50 keV to minimize the knock-on damage.
Aryl-Containing Chelates and Amine Debenzylation to Afford 1,3-Di-2-pyridyl-2-azaallyl (smif): Structures of {κ-C,N,N<sup>py</sup><sub>2</sub>-(2-pyridylmethyl)<sub>2</sub>N(CH<sub>2</sub>(4-<sup>t</sup>Bu-phenyl-2-yl))}FeBr and (smif)CrN(TMS)<sub>2</sub> (2009)

Aryl-bromide ligand precursors have been prepared with the potential to afford tetradentate chelates (2-pyridylmethyl)(3-x)N(CH(2)-2-Aryl)(x) (x = 1, 2) containing metal-aryl linkages that promise to impart stronger fields about first row transition metals. Oxidative addition to Ni(COD)(2) afforded two diamagnetic Ni(II) complexes, {kappa-C,N,N(py)-(2-pyridylmethyl)N(CH(2)(4-(t)Bu-phenyl-2-yl))(CH(2)(4-(t)Bu-phenyl-2-Br))}NiBr (1-Ni) and {(kappa-C,N,N(py)(2)-(2-pyridylmethyl)(2)N(CH(2)(4-(t)Bu-phenyl-2-yl))}NiBr (2-Ni) in 96% and 67% yield, respectively. Extending these synthetic efforts to iron provided {kappa-C,N,N(py)(2)-(2-pyridylmethyl)(2)N(CH(2)(4-(t)Bu-phenyl-2-yl))}FeBr (2-Fe, X-ray) in 91% yield via reduction of an adduct, {kappa-N,N(py)(2)-(2-pyridylmethyl)(2)N(CH(2)(4-(t)Bu-phenyl-2-Br))}FeBr(2) (3-Fe). 5-Coordinate 2-Fe possessed a pseudo-tbp structure, and SQUID magnetometry showed it to be S = 2 with significant zero field splitting (ZFS). 2-Fe was initially prepared via oxidative addition to Fe{N(TMS)(2)}(2)(THF) upon disproportionation to "Fe(0)" and 2 Fe{N(TMS)(2)}(3), but when this approach was attempted with Cr{N(TMS)(2)}(2)(THF)(2), the azaallyl complex {kappa-N,N(py)(2)-1,3-dipyridyl-2-azaallyl}CrN(TMS)(2) ((smif)CrN(TMS)(2), 4-Cr, X-ray), formed instead (>50%) via amine debenzylation. An alternative route consisting of addition of 1,3-di-2-pyridyl-2-azapropene to Cr{N(TMS)(2)}(2)(THF)(2) afforded 4-Cr in 74% yield. Pseudo-square planar 4-Cr was also S = 2 (SQUID) with marked ZFS. The dipyridylazaallyl ligand "smif" imparts a remarkable optical density to 4-Cr via intraligand bands at 675 nm (epsilon approximately 15,000 M(-1)cm(-1)) and 396 nm (epsilon approximately 27,000 M(-1)cm(-1)). The effective fields of the chelate complexes are discussed, and a comparison of smif to isoelectronic NHC ligands is given.
Dynamics of the Eyeblink EMG at Global and Microscopic Scales (2013)

Eyeblink electromyogram (EMG) is a noninvasive and reliable tool for evaluating information processing at different levels of the central nervous system.The recently developed method of fragmentary decompositioncreates the model of a single trial eyeblink EMG as the series of consecutive, partly overlapping components, with the generic mass potential being the basis element. Here we express this model in terms of underlying cellular processes. To our knowledge, this is the first study where the dynamics of a mass potential at global scale is deduced from a stochastic particle model of the ion movements at microscopic scale. We consider generation of the eyeblink EMG as a stimulusinduced creation of an extracellular dipole by the movements of ions at the microscopic scale. These processes are described in terms of an equivalent circuit which is composed of novel circuit elements named sourceoid, sinkoid, and dipoloid. The corresponding equations are formulated in terms of nonhomogeneous birth-and-death processes. The theory brings together the deterministic and stochastic factors underlying the genesis of eyeblink EMG with the minimum number of free parameters. No matter how complex are the particle systems, just a few global scale parameters accumulate essential aspects of microscale activities which appear as significant variables at the global scale. Numerical experiments revealed that the mass effect of multiple elementary dipoles is expected to settle down into a behavior that qualitatively remains unchanged at different levels of a volume conductor. We summarize these findings as the principle of the conservation of the mass potential distributions.
PROTECTION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES IN TWO AND THREE WHEELERS WITH SAFETY CELL (2001)

Drivers of motorbikes or scooters have previously been unable to take advantage of new features in passive safety. However, new motorbike and scooter designs with safety cells and restraint systems keep the driver inside the vehicle during an accident and afford protection from serious injuries. While head and upper body are well protected in this kind of vehicle, there is still the risk of injuries to the extremities. Specially designed knee-cushions keep the lower legs inside the safety compartment in a side impact or if the vehicle overturns, which improves the protection of the lower extremities, but the upright seating position still leads to high loads on the pelvis and femurs during a frontal impact. Using numerical and experimental simulations, this study shows that a knee airbag in combination with a knee-cushion clearly reduces the loads on the pelvis and femurs during a frontal impact situation. For the covering abstract see ITRD E111577.
The polyuronide constituents of forage grasses (1934)

Research Article| January 01 1934 The polyuronide constituents of forage grasses Harold William Buston Harold William Buston 1The Biochemical Department, Imperial College of Science and Technology, South Kensington Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1934 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1934 Biochem J (1934) 28 (3): 1028–1037. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0281028 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Harold William Buston; The polyuronide constituents of forage grasses. Biochem J 1 January 1934; 28 (3): 1028–1037. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0281028 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1934 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1934 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.