gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regions of war and peace (2003)

In this contribution to the literature on the causes of war, Douglas Lemke asks whether the same factors affect minor powers as affect major ones. He investigates whether power parity and dissatisfaction with the status quo have an impact within Africa, the Far East, the Middle East and South America. Lemke argues that there are similarities across these regions and levels of power, and that parity and dissatisfaction are correlates of war around the world. The extent to which they increase the risk of war varies across regions, however, and the book looks at the possible sources of this cross-regional variation, concluding that differential progress toward development is the likely cause. This book will interest students and scholars of international relations and peace studies, as well as comparative politics and area studies.
Towards an Urban Renaissance (2000)

Abstract Shirley Ross’ Bradford Cityscape was commissioned to be hung in the entrance area of an old wool scouring mill in Bradford that was converted into office suites. It depicts the Town Hall clock tower and the domes of the Alhambra Theatre and the Odeon Cinema. The rectangular shapes represent buildings erected after World War II on bomb-damaged sites where, in the words of the artist, “some of the fine Victorian stone buildings were demolished, replacing stone with steel, concrete, and glass and completely changing the face and character of the city.” Urban revitaliza-tion-but at a price. This image thus represents the mixed assessments presented in this Longer View about Towards an Urban Renaissance, the recent U.K. urban revital-ization plan. The artist creates hand-woven textile hangings and wall-mounted panels using mainly natural fibers depicting scenes of both the natural and built environments. Her work can be seen in many public and private collections across the U.K. and abroad, and on her web site at <www.shirleyross.co.uk>. She works out of her studio in Dews-bury, West Yorkshire. In “Towards an Urban Renaissance: Planning Ideas for Britain's Next Century,” four specialists in urban development and planning from Britain and Canada evaluate Towards an Urban Renaissance, a report recommending ways to achieve urban revitalization in the U.K. The report was prepared by an official task force chaired by architect Richard Rogers and issued in 1999 by the British government. As the contributors note, the report includes parallels to evolving ideas about city planning in the United States, as well as some important differences.
Exhaustion-associated regulatory regions in CD8 <sup>+</sup> tumor-infiltrating T cells (2017)

T-cell exhaustion is a progressive loss of effector function and memory potential due to persistent antigen exposure, which occurs in chronic viral infections and cancer. Here we investigate the relation between gene expression and chromatin accessibility in CD8<sup>+</sup> tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) that recognize a model tumor antigen and have features of both activation and functional exhaustion. By filtering out accessible regions observed in bystander, nonexhausted TILs and in acutely restimulated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, we define a pattern of chromatin accessibility specific for T-cell exhaustion, characterized by enrichment for consensus binding motifs for Nr4a and NFAT transcription factors. Anti-PD-L1 treatment of tumor-bearing mice results in cessation of tumor growth and partial rescue of cytokine production by the dysfunctional TILs, with only limited changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Our studies provide a valuable resource for the molecular understanding of T-cell exhaustion in cancer and other inflammatory settings.
Full Uplink Performance Evaluation of FDD/TDD LTE-Advanced Networks with Type-1 Relays (2011)

Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) networks are termed as the 4G cellular systems. There are many novel techniques used in LTE-A systems to fulfill the target of 4G requirements such as Relay Node (RN), Carrier Aggregation (CA) and so on. Relay has been taken as a promising key technique in the LTE-A network to meet its demanding requirement which could enhance the coverage and increase the data rates in a cost efficient manner. In 3GPP Release 10, Type-1 relay was agreed as a work item (WI). According to 3GPP's definition, Type-1 relay works in half-duplex way and in in-band mode. So the backhaul link and access link work in the same band, but they are time multiplexed. If there are multiple relays in each cell, the backhaul sub-frames allocated for backhaul link can be the same or different in different relays. In this paper, the uplink performance evaluation of the relays with different backhaul sub-frames in FDD and TDD LTE-A networks is carried out by doing the system-level simulation according to the 3GPP Case 1 and Case 3. Some suggestions for the relay deployment are also recommended.
P (2013)

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What Does Diversity Mean in Seattle?: Parents Involved In Community Schools v. Seattle School District Number 1 Strikes Down the Use of a Racial Tiebreaker (2005)

This Note examines the Ninth Circuit decision in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District Number 1. The introduction provides an overview of the evolution of race-based jurisprudence. In addition, the introduction describes the "open choice" policy established by the School District. Part I explains the progression to strict scrutiny as the applicable standard of review for race-conscious admissions policies. Part II analyzes the procedural history of the Parents Involved cases. Part III compares the admissions policies between public high schools and universities. Part IV proposes a constitutionally permissible race-conscious placement policy for secondary education. Part V concludes that although the Ninth Circuit correctly held that the School District's "open choice" policy was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, future cases may require a more extensive examination of the differences between high school and university admissions, especially under the latest policies outlined in Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger.
Formation of a Flexible Graphite Film from Poly(acrylonitrile) Using a Layered Clay Film as Template (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of a Flexible Graphite Film from Poly(acrylonitrile) Using a Layered Clay Film as TemplateTakashi Kyotani, Toshiki Mori, and Akira TomitaCite this: Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 11, 2138–2142Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00047a039https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00047a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views410Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Characterization of Al–SiC Nanocomposites Produced by Mechanical Milling and Sintering (2010)

Aluminum powder and various volume fractions of SiC particles with an average diameter of 50 nm were milled by a high-energy planetary ball mill to produce nanocrystalline Al–SiC nanocomposite powders. Double pressing/sintering process was used to consolidate powders to cylindrical specimens. It was shown that a double cycle of cold pressing and sintering can be utilized to obtain high density Al–SiC nanocomposite parts without using a hot-working step. High resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser particle size analyzer (PSA) were used to study the morphological and microstructural evolution of nanocomposite powders and bulk samples. The role of volume fraction of SiC nanoparticles in grain size of both as-milled and as-consolidated aluminum matrix was investigated. It was found that the presence of the higher SiC particles eventuate to slowly decrease in grain size of aluminum matrix powders. However, this trend is strongly noticeable in grain size of consolidated samples. The pinning effects on grain stability by SiC nanoparticles were quantitatively analyzed. It was found that Gladman's model is in close agreement with the experimentally determined grain size of Al–SiC nanocomposites.
Cross-linking of Polymers by Radiation (1963)

Cross-linking is a process of considerabie commercial as well as biological importance. It gives useful properties to a wide variety of polymers; some, such as rubber would be almost useless if it did not occur. The facilitate of cross-linking for commercnai purposes, however, usually entails the use of heat or certain additives, or both. The agents sometimes alter certain of the properties of these polymer disadvantageously. Radiation can bring about cross- linking without the use of heat or additives. In addition, it can do this in polymers in which it is difficult to bring about cross-linking by other means. Unfortunately, the G value for crosslinking, which is a measure of the process efficiency, is usually so low that relatively large radiation doses are needed. This makes the technique still economically unattractive. The use of certain types of additives sharply increases the G values in some instances, but these additives are in themselves relatively expensive. In addition, some of the materials in which cross-linking is produced by radiation seem to have poorer mechanical properties than equivalent materials in which it is produced chemically. Despite the production of a certain amount of polyethylene in which cross-linking has been brought about by radiation,more » realization of the commercial promise of this process seems to be far in the future. The large amount of work in this field has resulted in a better understanding of both polymers and radiation chemistry. (auth)« less
Adaptive Regulation of CCD Camera in Eye Gaze Tracking System (2009)

To capture eye images with good quality in the eye gaze tracking system, a strategy to track and aim at the eye is proposed, and an automatic method, which combines the regulation of the aperture with the adjustment of the focus of the camera lens, is developed. Firstly, the geometrical positions of LEDs, camera, cornea and glints are analyzed. The image's average brightness value is utilized to control the aperture of the lens, and then the glints information can be obtained to control a pan-tilt unit for aiming at and tracking the eye, and to adjust the focus lens. If the pupil contour can be extracted from the image, the average gradient value of the pupil edge points can be used for real-time focusing. Experiments show that this system can adapt to external lighting changes and to the head movements, and it can track the eye and acquire clear eye images in real-time.
Magnetostriction and magnetic core loss at high frequency in amorphous Fe-Nb-Si-B alloys (1983)

Magnetostriction and magnetic core loss at high frequency up to 100 kHz were investigated together with crystallization temperature, saturation magnetization, and magnetic permeability for amorphous (Fe1−xNbx)zSi88−zB12 alloys. Crystallization temperature significantly rises with Nb addition, particularly in the high z region. Magnetostriction decreases with increasing Nb content and z value. Magnetic core loss decreases and magnetic permeability increases with decreasing magnetostriction. Magnetic core loss reduction due to Nb addition were analyzed to be mainly attributed to domain width reduction through the decrease of magnetostriction.
Cotreatment with Pegvisomant and a Somatostatin Analog (SA) in SA-Responsive Acromegalic Patients (2011)

Acromegalic patients well controlled on SA monotherapy can maintain safe IGF-I levels during 24 wk of cotreatment with low-dose pegvisomant and a 50% reduced SA dose. This treatment modality, however, does not seem to provide significant benefits for the patients.
Efficiency and Costing (1983)

The case for practical application of Second Law Analysis to Process and Energy Engineering is developed by (i) elucidating the 1st and 2nd Laws, and the concepts of energy and exergy, (ii) showing typical results of 2nd Law analysis, pinpointing the inefficiencies in various processes, devices, systems, industries, and sectors--including comparisons with 1st-Law analyses; (iii) presenting the conclusions of economic analyses-- of single projects; while (iv) showing that the Second Law cost accounting method is a valuable tool for optimizing the development, design and utilization of plants and facilities.
Formalizing GDOI group key management requirements in NPATRL (2001)

Although there is a substantial amount of work on formal requirements for two and three-party key distribution protocols, very little has been done on requirements for group protocols. However, since the latter have security requirements that can differ in important but subtle ways, we believe that a rigorous expression of these requirements can be useful in determining whether a given protocol can satisfy an application's needs. In this paper we make a first step in providing a formal understanding of security requirements for group key distribution by using the NPATRL language, a temporal requirement specification language for use with the NRL Protocol Analyzer. We specify the requirements for GDOI, a protocol being proposed as an IETF standard, which we are formally specifying and verifying in cooperation with the MSec working group.
Breaking New Ground: Assisting Farmers with Disabilities Through the Application of Assistive Technology (2002)

With regards to agriculture in much of eastern Europe and northern Africa, the significant problem that landmine detonations present to farmers often goes unnoticed. This problem causes careers in agriculture to be labeled as the most hazardous occupations around the world. However, little attention has been given to rehabilitation practices and assistive technology to help those who have been disabled in this line of work. The Breaking New Ground Resource Center at Purdue University is attempting to resolve the problem at hand by providing technical assistance to those who have been impacted by physical disabilities, in hopes that others may be encouraged to do the same.
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Is Essential for DNA-PKcs Phosphorylations at the Thr-2609 Cluster upon DNA Double Strand Break (2006)

The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is rapidly phosphorylated at the Thr-2609 cluster and Ser-2056 upon ionizing radiation (IR). Furthermore, DNA-PKcs phosphorylation at both regions is critical for its role in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair as well as cellular resistance to radiation. IR-induced DNA-PKcs phosphorylation at Thr-2609 and Ser-2056, however, exhibits distinct kinetics indicating that they are differentially regulated. Although DNA-PKcs autophosphorylates itself at Ser-2056 after IR, we have reported here that ATM mediates DNA-PKcs phosphorylation at Thr-2609 as well as at the adjacent (S/T)Q motifs within the Thr-2609 cluster. In addition, our data suggest that DNA-PKcs- and ATM-mediated DNA-PKcs phosphorylations are cooperative and required for the full activation of DNA-PKcs and the subsequent DSB repair. Elimination of DNA-PKcs phosphorylation at both regions severely compromises radioresistance and DSB repair. Finally, our result provides a possible mechanism for the direct involvement of ATM in non-homologous end joining-mediated DSB repair.
Biofiltration: An Innovative Air Pollution Control Technology For VOC Emissions (1991)

Biofiltration is a relatively recent air pollution control (APC) technology in which off-gases containing biodegradable volatile organic compounds (VOC) or inorganic air toxics are vented through a biologically active material. This technology has been successfully applied in Germany and The Netherlands in many full-scale applications to control odors, VOC and air toxic emissions from a wide range of industrial and public sector sources. Control efficiencies of more than 90 percent have been achieved for many common air pollutants. Due to lower operating costs, biofiltration can provide significant economic advantages over other APC technologies if applied to off-gases that contain readily biodegradable pollutants in low concentrations. Environmental benefits include low energy requirements and the avoidance of cross media transfer of pollutants. This paper reviews the history and current status of biofiltration, outlines its underlying scientific and engineering principles, and discusses the applicability of biofilters for a wide range of specific emission sources.
Neurogenesis may relate to some but not all types of hippocampal‐dependent learning (2002)

The hippocampal formation generates new neurons throughout adulthood. Recent studies indicate that these cells possess the morphology and physiological properties of more established neurons. However, the function of adult generated neurons is still a matter of debate. We previously demonstrated that certain forms of associative learning can enhance the survival of new neurons and a reduction in neurogenesis coincides with impaired learning of the hippocampal-dependent task of trace eyeblink conditioning. Using the toxin methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) for proliferating cells, we tested whether reduction of neurogenesis affected learning and performance associated with different hippocampal dependent tasks: spatial navigation learning in a Morris water maze, fear responses to context and an explicit cue after training with a trace fear paradigm. We also examined exploratory behavior in an elevated plus maze. Rats were injected with MAM (7 mg/kg) or saline for 14 days, concurrent with BrdU, to label new neurons on days 10, 12, and 14. After treatment, groups of rats were tested in the various tasks. A significant reduction in new neurons in the adult hippocampus was associated with impaired performance in some tasks, but not with others. Specifically, treatment with the antimitotic agent reduced the amount of fear acquired after exposure to a trace fear conditioning paradigm but did not affect contextual fear conditioning or spatial navigation learning in the Morris water maze. Nor did MAM treatment affect exploration in the elevated plus maze. These results combined with previous ones suggest that neurogenesis may be associated with the formation of some but not all types of hippocampal-dependent memories.
Physiological characterization of nutritionally variant streptococci (1979)

Twenty-five isolates of nutritionally variant streptococci submitted to the Streptococcus Laboratory of the Center for Disease Control over a 2-year period were tested for growth requirements and for biochemical reactions. After they were recovered from storage in blood at -170 degrees C, all isolates grew within 48 h in both thioglycollate broth and Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with 0.001% pyridoxal.HCl. They grew better in the latter, even though they all grew on unsupplemented infusion agar, anaerobe blood agar, and chopped meat-glucose medium. Biochemical patterns of the isolates resemble those of five viridans streptococcal species. Two isolates had patterns which did not resemble those of any viridans species. Biochemical reactions obtained with heart infusion broth base biochemicals and carbohydrate fermentation media compared favorably for an overall agreement rate of 86.5% for key tests. Lactic acid and acetic acid were the major fermentation products detected with gas-liquid chromatography.
Analysis of Window-Observation Recurrence Data (2008)

Abstract Many systems experience recurrent events. Recurrence data are collected to analyze quantities of interest, such as the mean cumulative number of events. Methods of analysis are available for recurrence data with left and/or right censoring. Due to practical constraints, however, recurrence data are sometimes recorded only in windows. Between the windows are gaps over which the process cannot be observed. This article extends existing statistical methods, both nonparametric and parametric, to window-observation recurrence data. The nonparametric estimator requires minimum assumptions but will be inconsistent if the size of the risk set is not positive over the entire period of interest. No such difficulty arises when using a parametric model for the recurrence data. For cases in which the size of the risk set is zero for some period of time, we propose and compare two alternative hybrid estimators. We illustrate the methods with two example applications. KEY WORDS: : ForecastMean cumulative functionNonhomogeneous Poisson processNonparametric estimationRepairable system data
Chemical synthesis of nanocrystalline titanium and nickel aluminides from the metal chlorides and lithium aluminum hydride (1996)

Aluminide intermetallics are potentially useful structural materials—provided their brittleness can be reduced. One possible method is the refinement of grain size to the nanometer level. Measurements of the mechanical properties are required in order to confirm this. The preparation described here is a general solution‐based strategy for the chemical synthesis of nanocrystalline aluminide intermetallics. The results of sample characterization are presented and a two‐step formation of the aluminide phase proposed.
Application of the communication enhancement model for long-term care residents with Alzheimerʼs disease (1995)

Pattens of caregiver/resident communications in long-term care facilities an identified, and potential barriers to communication are highlighted through application of the Communication Predicament Model. An alternate model—the Communication Enhancement Model—is presented. This model provides a theoretical foundation for developing opportunities and strategies to enhance communication between caregiver and resident with Alzheimer's disease. A case study illustrates the positive applications of this model in the long-term care facility. Implications for research, policy, and practice are identified.
CMOS offset-free circuit for resonator quality factor measurement (2010)

A CMOS offset-free circuit for on-chip resonator quality factor measurement is proposed. The originality of the proposed circuit lies in its reconfigurability: a single OTA is used to perform both peak detection and comparison. By adequately designing the two configurations, the influence of the OTA's offset on the accuracy of Q-factor measurement can be automatically cancelled. Experimental results with a discrete circuit implemented on a PCB show that the residual offset is smaller than the theoretical counting-related error and consequently does not degrade the Q measurement accuracy, which is 0.1% in this case.