gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of a Cat <sup>2+</sup>‐Binding Polysaccharide Associated with Coccoliths of <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> (Lohmann) Kamptner (1976)

C-occolithophoridae, a group of mostly unicellular algae, possess a cell wall containing calcified plates, called coccoliths. The coccoliths from the species Emilania huxleyi (Lohmann) Kamptner contain a water-soluble acid polysaccharide. In this paper we describe the isolation and some characteristic properties of the polysaccharide, in particular its Ca2+ -binding capacity. A large-scale cultivation of the Coccolithophoridae was worked out and a new procedure for isolating coccoliths was developed. The polysaccharide obtained from the coccoliths contained two types of monobasic acid groups in a total amount of 1.8 mumol/mg polysaccharide. One type consisted of weakly acid groups which were identified as uronic acids. The nature of the stronger acid groups remains to be established. The ratio between the respective groups was 1:0.8. Studies with 45Ca2+ demonstrated that the isolated polysaccharide is capable of binding Ca2+. Equilibrium dialysis revealed that the maximum amount of Ca2+ which can be bound in 0.92 +/- 0.05 mumol/mg polysaccharide. Flow-rate dialysis experiments strongly suggested the presence of two classes of Ca2+ -binding sites differing in affinity for Ca2+. High-affinity sites (dissociation constant Kd for Ca2+ :2.2 +/- 1.0 X 10(-5) M) were found to be present in amounts (0.38 +/- 0.04 mumol/mg polysaccharide) approximately equivalent to the strongly acid monovalent groups mentioned above (0.8 mumol/mg polysaccharide). Low-affinity sites (Kd for Ca2+: -11 +/- 39 X 10(-5) M) were estimated at 0.74 +/- 0.11 mumol/mg polysaccharide. Although this figure could be determined less accurately, it is suggested that the uronic acids (1.0 mumol/mg polysaccharide) are identical to the low-affinity sites. Preferential binding of Ca2+ occurred in a 100-fold excess of Na+ and Mg2+ as was shown by gel filtration. A 100-fold excess of Sr2+ inhibited Ca2+ binding to a great extent while no Ca2+ was bound in the presence of an equimolar amount of La3+. The dissociation constants of the high-affinity sites for Na+, Mg2+, Sr2+ and La3+ (in the presence of Ca2+) were determined with the flow-rate dialysis technique. They confirm the order of binding preference found with gel filtration. A polysaccharide with similar properties could be isolated from subfossil coccoliths of E. hyxleyi (about 1000 years old). The possible role of the polysaccharide as a heterogeneous matrix in coccolith formation is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTIONS OF ALKOXIDES. XI. REACTIONS OF SUBSTITUTED N‐LITHIUM AMIDES WITH H HEAVIER ALKALI METAL ALKOXIDES. A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF N‐SODIUM AND N‐POTASSIUM DIALKYLAMIDES (1980)

Abstract Die N‐Lithiumamide (I) reagieren mit Alkoxiden (II) von Natrium und Kalium unter Bildung der schwerer löslichen N‐Natrium‐ und N‐Kalium‐dialkylamide (III).
Recognizing very distant sequence relationships among proteins by family profile analysis (1999)

Family profile analysis (FPA), described in this paper, compares all available homologous amino acid sequences of a target family with the profile of a probe family while conventional sequence profile analysis (Gribskov M, Lüthy R, Eisenberg D. Meth Enzymol 1990;183:146–159) considers only a single target sequence in comparison with the probe family. The increased input of sequence information in FPA expands the range for sequence-based recognition of structural relationships. In the FPA algorithm, Zscores of each of the target sequences, obtained from a probe profile search over all known amino acid sequences, are averaged and then compared with the scores for sequences of 100 reference families in the same probe family search. The resulting F-Zscore of the target family, expressed in “effective standard deviations” of the mean Zscores of the reference families, with value above a threshold of 3.5 indicates a statistically significant evolutionary relationship between the target and probe families. The sensitivity of FPA to sequence information was tested with several protein families where distant relationships have been verified from known tertiary protein architectures, which included vitamin B6-dependent enzymes, (β/α)8-barrel proteins, β-trefoil proteins, and globins. In comparison to other methods, FPA proved to be significantly more sensitive, finding numerous new homologies. The FPA technique is not only useful to test a suspected relationship between probe and target families but also identifies possible target families in profile searches over all known primary structures. Proteins 1999;35:387–400. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Local side‐effects during 4‐year treatment with inhaled corticosteroids – a com between pressurized metered‐dose in and Turbuhaler® (1994)

Local side-effects, such as hoarseness and oropharyngeal candidiasis, are often seen during treatment of patients with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). We investigated whether changing from pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDI) to Turbuhaler influenced the type and frequency of local side-effects. Local side-effects were recorded for a 2-year period in which 154 patients used ICS pMDI with a spacer device. They were followed for an equally long period of time (26.2 +/- 5.7 months) while using Turbuhaler, as were 90 patients who received Turbuhaler as their first ICS preparation. After inhalation, all patients rinsed out their mouths with water. In experienced pMDI-users, the frequency of local side-effects decreased from 21% to 6%. The reduction was due to a lower incidence of hoarseness. Candidiasis or hoarseness was not seen in patients given Turbuhaler as their first ICS device. Our fear of an increased incidence of local side-effects when giving ICS in Turbuhaler was unwarranted.
The complete Consensus V3 loop peptide of the envelope protein gp120 of HIV‐1 shows pronounced helical character in solution (1995)

The disulfide bridge closed cyclic peptide corresponding to the whole Consensus V3 loop of the envelope protein gp120 of HIV-1 was examined by proton 2D-NMR spectroscopy in water and in a 20% trifluoroethanol/water solution. In water, NOE data support a beta-turn conformation for the central conservative GPGR region and point towards partial formation of a helix in the C-terminal part. Upon addition of trifluoroethanol, a C-terminal helix is formed. This is evidenced by NOE data, alpha-proton chemical shift changes and changes in the JN alpha vicinal coupling constants. The C-terminal helix is amphipathic and also occurs in other examined strains. It could therefore be an important feature for the functioning of the V3 loop.
Novel approaches to ocular drug delivery. (2004)

Recent advances in surgical techniques, therapeutic approaches and materials sciences have produced revolutionary new therapies for ocular diseases. The development of prodrug formulations and permeability enhancers, sustained-release drug delivery devices, novel injectable medications and new and improved vectors, both viral and non-viral, for delivery of genes to all segments of the eye has greatly increased the chances of success in treating eye diseases. This review will discuss the most recent advances in drug delivery systems for the treatment of ocular diseases.
Infrared high spatial-resolution determination of doping levels in p-n junctions (1978)

A nondestructive infrared emission-measurement technique, which allows point-by-point determination of the effective doping level within the depletion layer of a reverse-biased p-n junction, is described. The method is an alternative to normal capacitance-voltage techniques which give a value averaged over the entire junction area. With this technique a spatial resolution of about 15 μm is obtainable and a further advantage is that it is unaffected by high reverse currents.
Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review (2003)

After evaluation of potential benefits and risks, the authors recommend considering several specific interventions to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia: semi-recumbent positioning in all eligible patients, sucralfate rather than H2-antagonists in patients at low to moderate risk for gastrointestinal tract bleeding, and aspiration of subglottic secretions and oscillating beds in select patient populations. Selective digestive tract decontamination is not recommended because routine use may increase antimicrobial resistance.
Aesthetic Applications of Brava-Assisted Megavolume Fat Grafting to the Breasts (2014)

Therapeutic, IV.
High Performance Optical Head using Optimized Holographic Optical Element (1987)

A high performance optical head, using a holographic optical element, which consists of only four optical elements, has been developed. The relief profile of the holographic optical element has been optimized to obtain high light power efficiency. As a result, the maximum light power efficiency has reached 14.8%. Holograms for detecting tracking error have been optimized to suppress tracking signal off-set. It has been experimentally shown that the tracking signal off-set does not appreciably arise.
Die biologische Leistung der Hydroxylapatitkeramik-Beschichtung auf dem Femurschaft einer Titanendoprothese — erste histologische Auswertung eines Humanexplantats - The Biological Behavior of the Hydroxyapatite Ceramic Coating on a Titanium Stern of a Hip Prosthesis - the First Histological Evaluating of Human Autopsy Material (1987)

Article Die biologische Leistung der Hydroxylapatitkeramik-Beschichtung auf dem Femurschaft einer Titanendoprothese — erste histologische Auswertung eines Humanexplantats - The Biological Behavior of the Hydroxyapatite Ceramic Coating on a Titanium Stern of a Hip Prosthesis - the First Histological Evaluating of Human Autopsy Material was published on January 1, 1987 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 32, issue 7-8).
Cancerostatics. III. Synthesis and some chemical transformations of 3-cyano-5(pyridyl-4.)pyrid-2-one. (1979)

In reaction of 3-dimethylamino-2-(pyridyl-4')acrolein with cyanoacetic acid and malononitrile new derivatives of 3,4'-dipyridyl were obtained. The synthesis of pyridyl-4-cyanoacetaldehyde 2 is also described. One of these compounds (8) showed significant cytostatic activity against transplanted Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and Nemeth-Kellner lymphoma.
Catalytic triad of microsomal epoxide hydrolase: replacement of Glu404 with Asp leads to a strongly increased turnover rate (1999)

Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) belongs to the superfamily of α/β-hydrolase fold enzymes. A catalytic triad in the active centre of the enzyme hydrolyses the substrate molecules in a two-step reaction via the intermediate formation of an enzyme-substrate ester. Here we show that the mEH catalytic triad is composed of Asp226, Glu404 and His431. Replacing either of these residues with non-functional amino acids results in a complete loss of activity of the enzyme recombinantly expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For Glu404 and His431 mutants, their structural integrity was demonstrated by their retained ability to form the substrate ester intermediate, indicating that the lack of enzymic activity is due to an indispensable function of either residue in the hydrolytic step of the enzymic reaction. The role of Asp226 as the catalytic nucleophile driving the formation of the ester intermediate was substantiated by the isolation of a peptide fraction carrying the 14C-labelled substrate after cleavage of the ester intermediate with cyanogen bromide. Sequence analysis revealed that one of the two peptides within this sample harboured Asp226. Surprisingly, the replacement of Glu404 with Asp greatly increased the Vmax of the enzyme with styrene 7,8-oxide (23-fold) and 9,10-epoxystearic acid (39-fold). The increase in Vmax was paralleled by an increase in Km with both substrates, in line with a selective enhancement of the second, rate-limiting step of the enzymic reaction. Owing to its enhanced catalytic properties, the Glu404 → Asp mutant might represent a versatile tool for the enantioselective bio-organic synthesis of chiral fine chemicals. The question of why all native mEHs analysed so far have a Glu in place of the acidic charge relay residue is discussed.
Regioselective Covalent Modification of Hemoglobin in Search of Antisickling Agents (2003)

Although the molecular defect in sickle hemoglobin that produces sickle cell disease has been known for decades, there is still no effective drug treatment that acts on hemoglobin itself. In this work, a series of diversely substituted isothiocyanates (R-NCS) were examined for their regioselective reaction with hemoglobin in an attempt to alter the solubility properties of sickle hemoglobin. Electrospray mass spectrometry, molecular modeling, X-ray crystallography, and conventional protein chemistry were used to study this regioselectivity and the resulting increase in solubility of the modified hemoglobin. Depending on the attached R-group, the isothiocyanates were found to react either with the Cysbeta93 or the N-terminal amine of the alpha-chain. One of the most effective compounds in the series, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl isothiocyanate, selectively reacts with the thiol of Cysbeta93 which, in conjunction with the cationic group, was seen to perturb the local hemoglobin structure. This modified HbS shows an approximately 30% increase in solubility for the fully deoxygenated state, along with a significant increase in oxygen affinity. This compound and a related analogue appear to readily traverse the erythrocyte membrane. A discussion of the relation of these structural changes to inhibition of gelation is presented. The dual activities of increasing HbS oxygen affinity and directly inhibiting deoxy HbS polymerization, in conjunction with facile membrane traversal, suggest that these cationic isothiocyanates show substantial promise as lead compounds for development of therapeutic agents for sickle cell disease.
Murray Llewellyn Barr, O. C. 20 June 1908—4 May 1995 (1997)

Murray Barr died six weeks before his eighty–seventh birthday and 15 miles from his birthplace on a farm in south-western Ontario. He had lived and died in London, Canada, which, during his lifetime, grew from a commercial and educational centre of 40 000 inhabitants to a prosperous city of over 300 000. Following in the tradition of his pioneering forebears, Murray Barr was firmly rooted in his place of origin; in fact, he never strayed for long from London after arriving there to attend high–school as a boy of 12.
Noninvasive ECG Imaging of Electrophysiologically Abnormal Substrates in Infarcted Hearts (2000)

ECG imaging can noninvasively detect and map abnormal EP substrates associated with infarction and structural heart disease.
The study of models of intelligent interfaces (1993)

Researchers in the field of intelligent interfaces have concentrated on building architectures, and have placed little emphasis on defining appropriate models. As a result, this research area is not well defined. L-CID is a model of au intelligent interface that establishes the knowledge requirements for, determines the functionalist y of, and creates a definition for au intelligent interface. In addition to modeling knowledge-based user interachon,
Recognition of an asymptomatic male carrier of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Singapore - a case report. (1979)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from centrifuged urine deposit of an asymptomatic male. The case history and significance of this asymptomatic infection are described.
Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in fibroblasts and endothelial cells of intestinal polyps. (2002)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the inducible COX isozyme, plays a key role in intestinal tumorigenesis. We have demonstrated recently that COX-2 protein is induced in the polyp stroma near the intestinal luminal surface in the Apc(Delta716) mouse, a model for human familial adenomatous polyposis, and stimulate tumor angiogenesis. However, the precise cell types that express COX-2 are still to be determined. By immunohistochemical analysis, here we show that the majority of COX-2-expressing cells in the intestinal polyps of Apc(Delta716) mice are fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Furthermore, the COX-2-expressing cells in human familial adenomatous polyposis polyps are also fibroblasts and endothelial cells. In contrast, bone marrow-derived cells such as macrophages and leukocytes express little COX-2 protein in the intestinal polyps. These results clearly indicate that fibroblasts and endothelial cells play important roles in polyp expansion by expressing COX-2, resulting in tumor angiogenesis.
Cyclohexane and Benzene Amination by Catalytic Nitrene Insertion into C−H Bonds with the Copper-Homoscorpionate Catalyst Tp<sup>Br3</sup>Cu(NCMe) (2003)

The complex TpBr3Cu(NCMe) catalyzes, at room temperature, the insertion of a nitrene group from PhINTs into the carbon-hydrogen bond of cyclohexane and benzene, as well as into the primary C-H bonds of the methyl groups of toluene and mesitylene, in moderate to high yield.
Apoptosis and Necrosis in the Ischemic Zone Adjacent to Third Degree Burns (2008)

Both early apoptosis and delayed necrosis are present in the zone of ischemia, contributing to injury progression. Necrosis appears to play a larger role than apoptosis in injury progression in the comb burn model.
A Unified Approach for the Optimal PMU Location for Power System State Estimation (2009)

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are considered as a promising tool for future monitoring, protection and control of power systems. In this paper, a unified approach is proposed in order to determine the optimal number and locations of PMUs to make the system measurement model observable and thereby can be used for power system state estimation. The PMU placement problem is formulated as a binary integer linear programming (BILP), in which the binary decision variables (0, 1) determine whether to install a PMU at each bus, while preserving the system observability and lowest system metering economy. The proposed approach integrates the impacts of both existing conventional power injection/flow measurements (if any) and the possibility of single or multiple PMU loss into the decision strategy of the optimal PMU allocation. Unlike other available techniques, the network topology remains unaltered for the inclusion of conventional measurements, and therefore the network connectivity matrix is built only once based on the original network topology. The mathematical formulation of the problem maintains the original bus ordering of the system under study, and therefore the solution directly points at the optimal PMU locations. Simulations using Matlab are conducted on a simple testing seven-bus system, as well as on different IEEE systems (14-bus, 30-bus, 57-bus, and 118-bus) to prove the validity of the proposed method. The results obtained in this paper are compared with those published before in literature.
Electrochemical power-producing cell. [Li/Se] (1972)

An electrochemical power-producing cell including a molten lithium metal anode, a molten selenium metal cathode, a paste electrolyte separating the anode from the cathode, an anode current collector, and a single layer of niobium expanded metal formed in corrugated shape as cathode current collector is described. In addition, means are provided for sealing the anode and the cathode from loss of lithium and selenium, respectively, and an insulator is provided between the anode housing and the paste electrolyte disk.
Identification of Potent Ebola Virus Entry Inhibitors with Suitable Properties for in Vivo Studies (2018)

Previous studies identified an adamantane dipeptide piperazine 3.47 that inhibits Ebola virus (EBOV) infection by targeting the essential receptor Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). The physicochemical properties of 3.47 limit its potential for testing in vivo. Optimization by improving potency, reducing hydrophobicity, and replacing labile moieties identified 3.47 derivatives with improved in vitro ADME properties that are also highly active against EBOV infection, including when tested in the presence of 50% normal human serum (NHS). In addition, 3A4 was identified as the major cytochrome P450 isoform that metabolizes these compounds, and accordingly, mouse microsome stability was significantly improved when tested in the presence of the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir that is approved for clinical use as a booster of anti-HIV drugs. Oral administration of the EBOV inhibitors with ritonavir resulted in a pharmacokinetic profile that supports a b.i.d. dosing regimen for efficacy studies in mice.
Ambient Influenza and Avian Influenza Virus during Dust Storm Days and Background Days (2010)

Our data imply the possibility of long-range transport of influenza virus.
The Head Dome: A Simplified Method for Human Exposures to Inhaled Air Pollutants (1990)

Acute controlled exposures of human subjects to air pollutants are customarily carried out with whole-body chambers, masks, or mouthpieces. The use of these methods may be limited by cost or technical considerations. To permit a study involving a highly unstable pollutant, artificial acid fog, administered to subjects during natural breathing, a head-only exposure chamber, called a head dome, was developed. It consists of a transparent cylinder with a neck seal which fits over the subject's head and rests lightly on his shoulders. The head dome does not constrain the upper airways or impede exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Ventilation can be monitored accurately and unobtrusively with a pneumotachograph at the exhaust port of the dome. A thermocouple may be used to monitor the onset and persistence of oronasal breathing. For short-term exposures to unstable or reactive pollutants lasting up to several hours, the head dome is an effective alternative to a whole-body chamber and probably superior to a face mask or mouthpiece.
Optimal transmitter beamforming with per-antenna power constraints (2012)

Optimal transmitter beamforming with per-antenna power constraints has been a long outstanding problem. In this paper, we derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for optimal single-stream and multi-stream transmitter beamforming with per-antenna power constraints. We also develop iterative algorithms for single-stream and multi-stream transmitter beamforming, and prove the algorithms converge to the optimal solutions.
Establishment of Wi-Fi Display session between source and sink device in wireless Android screencasting (2015)

Wireless technology has been rapidly developing. Wi-Fi Alliance several years ago presented Wi-Fi Direct, a new feature that makes it possible to connect devices using ad-hoc network. Since then this technology has been developed and now comes Wi-Fi Display (WFD). This technology is utilized to implement the system of wireless Android screencasting. This system will cast/mirror the Android screen to other screen using a wireless connection. To establish the WFD session, there are respectively two processes: The Wi-Fi Direct connection establishment and the negotiation process.
Chemical Mimicry in the Myrmecophilous Beetle<i>Myrmecaphodius excavaticollis</i> (1982)

The myrmecophilus beetle Myrmecaphodius excavaticollis (Blanchard) was found to have species-specific cuticular hydrocarbons acquired-from one of its hosts, the ant Solenopsis richteri Forel. Removal from its ant host resulted in loss of the host hydrocarbons, leaving a cuticular pattern innate to the beetle. When beetles were transferred to colonies of three other Solenopsis species, they acquired the specific hydrocarbons associated with each of the new hosts. This passive integration mechanism is coupled with the beetle's armored exterior to enable it to cope with multiple aggressive hosts.