gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thyratron operated wave generator (1936)

A simple and new type of radio wave generator using the thyratron relaxation oscillator exciting a high frequency oscillatory circuit is described. The generator can produce damped wave trains of any radio frequency at a rate corresponding to any audio frequency and it can be operated on battery or mains supply.
A real-time implementation of the MPEG-2 audio encoder (1997)

A real-time implementation of the MPEG-2 audio encoding system is presented. The system is made up of eleven highly-parallel DSP processors, which are distributed in five slave engines and one master unit. Each slave engine consists of two processors which perform the subband analysis and psychoacoustic modeling, respectively. The master board comprising a single processor performs the bit allocation, quantization and bit-stream formatting for up to five channels. To utilize the full capacity of the system, the job scheduling is optimized and distributed to each slave board after analyzing the flow of the MPEG-2 algorithm and the amount of computation at each stage.
Rapid single-cell detection and identification of pathogens by using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2017)

For the successful treatment of infections, real-time analysis and enhanced multiplex capacity, sensitivity and cost-effectiveness of the developed detection method are critical. In this work, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was employed with the final aim of identification and discrimination of pathogenic bacteria, based on their detected SERS fingerprint at the single-cell level. Several genera of bacteria that are found in most of the isolated infections in bacteraemia were successfully identified in less than 5 minutes without the use of antibodies or other specific receptors. The key element of the SERS direct detection platform is the SERS substrate, which combines easy production at low costs with a high enhancement enabling single-cell detection. The innovative approach of detection required the in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (NPs), ensuring an intimate contact with the bacterial membrane. This protocol provided a good reproducibility of the single-cell SERS spectra and was successfully applied both on Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms (E. coli, M. morganii, E. lactis, L. casei). Thus, a label-free SERS-based biosensor for pathogen detection was developed with low costs, minimal sample preparation, high-accuracy and a very short analysis time of less than 5 min, which is crucial for infection diagnosis.
Effect of different arbitration priority strategies on throughput of a memory-coupled multiprocessor with HBO (2002)

The effect of various arbitration priority strategies on the overall throughput of a multiprocessor with hierarchical bus organization (HBO) is considered. Each bus in the hierarchy is memory coupled so that the lower level buses or processors connected to it can access the shared memory according to some priority scheme. The performance of the multiprocessor system is investigated for four priority allocation schemes, namely, round-robin, FIFO (first in, first out), rotating, and fixed priority. Fixed priority shows the best performance as revealed by simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selective-area epitaxy of GaAs through silicon dioxide windows by molecular beam epitaxy (1986)

Optical-quality GaAs films were successfully grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) through SiO2 insulator windows on GaAs (100) substrates, thus making this selective-area epitaxy applicable to the fabrication of GaAs optoelectronic integrated circuits. The photoluminescence spectra at 2.2 K consist of several exciton peaks near 820 nm and broader acceptor-related peaks centered at approximately 830 nm. The spectra are comparable to those observed in high quality planar MBE GaAs grown in other laboratories. The luminescence intensity from the epitaxial layer above the windows is shown by cathodoluminescence to be much higher than that from the polycrystalline GaAs deposited on top of SiO2. From transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffractometry it is found that the GaAs grains on the SiO2 grow with their (111) planes preferentially parallel to the SiO2 surface.
Effect of storage temperature on the ageing of concentrated wheat starch gels (1969)

Abstract Flour Milling and Baking Research Association, Chorleywood, Rickmansworth, Herts. Using differential thermal analysis (d.t.a.) the progress of ageing of concentrated wheat starch gels stored at temperatures from−1° to 43° has been investigated. A very close relationship has been found between the ageing of starch gels as measured by d.t.a. and the staling of bread as measured by crumb firmness at storage temperatures of−1°, 10° and 21° but some differences have been found at 32° and 43°. The results at −1°, 10° and 21 ° provide very strong confirmatory evidence that starch crystallisation is the chief factor in the firming of bread. At elevated storage temperatures (32° and 43°) the róle of starch crystallisation in the firming of bread apparently gradually diminishes. Analysis of the results indicates that the mechanism of crystallisation of the starch, instantaneous nucleation followed by rod‐like growth of crystals, is the same over the whole range of storage temperatures −1° to 43°. Evidence is also presented to show that there is a possibility that at higher storage temperatures a more symmetrically perfect crystal structure is being formed.
3D surface-related multiple prediction: A sparse inversion approach (2005)

Abstract The theory of iterative surface-related multiple elimination holds for 2D as well as 3D wavefields. The 3D prediction of surface multiples, however, requires a dense and extended distribution of sources and receivers at the surface. Since current 3D marine acquisition geometries are very sparsely sampled in the crossline direction, the direct Fresnel summation of the multiple contributions, calculated for those surface positions at which a source and a receiver are present, cannot be applied without introducing severe aliasing effects. In this newly proposed method, the regular Fresnel summation is applied to the contributions in the densely sampled inline direction, but the crossline Fresnel summation is replaced with a sparse parametric inversion. With this procedure, 3D multiples can be predicted using the available input data. The proposed method is demonstrated on a 3D synthetic data set as well as on a 3D marine data set from offshore Norway.
Benefits of considering inventory in service parts logistics network design problems with time-based service constraints (2006)

We study the integrated logistics network design and inventory stocking problem as characterized by the interdependency of the design and stocking decisions in service parts logistics. These two sets of decisions are usually considered sequentially in practice, and the associated problems are tackled separately in the research literature. The overall problem is typically further complicated due to time-based service constraints that provide lower limits on the percentage of demand satisfied within specified time windows. We introduce an optimization model that explicitly captures the interdependency between network design (location of facilities, and allocation of demands to facilities) and inventory stocking decisions (stock levels and their corresponding stochastic fill rates), and present computational results from our extensive experiments that investigate the effects of several factors including demand levels, time-based service levels and costs. We show that the integrated approach can provide significant cost savings over the decoupled approach (solving the network design first and inventory stocking next), shifting the whole efficient frontier curve between cost and service level to superior regions. We also show that the decoupled and integrated approaches may generate totally different solutions, even in the number of located facilities and in their locations, magnifying the importance of considering inventory as part of the network design models.
MEARA Sequence Repeat of Human CstF-64 Polyadenylation Factor Is Helical in Solution. A Spectroscopic and Calorimetric Study (1999)

The primary structure of the human CstF-64 polyadenylation factor contains 12 nearly identical repeats of a consensus motif of five amino acid residues with the sequence MEAR(A/G). No known function has yet been ascribed to this motif; however, according to secondary structure prediction algorithms, it should form a helical structure in solution. To validate this theoretical prediction, we synthesized a 31 amino acid residue peptide (MEARA(6)) containing six repeats of the MEARA sequence and characterized its structure and stability by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). No effects of concentration on the CD or DSC properties of MEARA(6) were observed, indicating that the peptide is monomeric in solution at concentrations up to 2 mM. The far UV-CD spectra of MEARA(6) indicates that at a low temperature (1 degrees C) the MEARA(6) peptide has a relatively high helical content (76% at pH 2.0 and 65% at pH 7.0). The effects of pH and ionic strength on the CD spectrum of MEARA(6) suggest that a number of electrostatic interactions (e.g., i, i + 3 Arg/Glu ion pair, charge-dipole interactions) contribute to the stability of the helical structure in this peptide. DSC profiles show that the melting of MEARA(6) helix is accompanied by positive change in the enthalpy. To determine thermodynamic parameters of helix-coil transition from DSC profiles for this peptide, we developed a new, semiempirical procedure based on the calculated function for the heat capacity of the coiled state for a broad temperature range. The application of this approach to the partial molar heat capacity function for MEARA(6) provides the enthalpy change for helix formation calculated per amino acid residue as 3.5 kJ/mol.
Investigation of PoP package structure with copper pillar replace the solder ball (2015)

Package on Package (PoP) is a widely used high density package solution for package stacking technology in various device applications. Normally, the top package will connect to the bottom package by solder ball with several hundred micrometer diameter. The I/O number will be limited due to the solder ball will collapse during the reflow. In this study, a copper pillar with diameter of 200μm and height of 150-180μm will be used to replace the solder ball. With the structure of copper pillar, only a very small volume of solder will be used for the joint to connect the top and bottom package. In this paper, the finite element Modeling (FEM) simulation will be used to calculate the temperature distribution in the new PoP package with copper pillar. Also, the Cu pillar/solder joint microstructure evolution will be studied in several reliability tests, including 500 cycles temperature cycling test (TCT) and high temperature storage test (HTST) at 150°C with 500h.
A novel closed loop interleaving strategy of multiphase critical mode boost PFC converters (2008)

In high power application, power factor correction (PFC) pre-regulators are generally required. PFC pre-regulators could achieve unity power factor, reduce line input current harmonics and utilize full line power. Interleaving PFC converters could reduce input ripple current, output capacitor ripple current and inductor size. This paper presents a new closed loop interleaving strategy of multiphase critical mode boost PFC converters. Hardware of a two phase interleaved critical mode PFC regulator is developed. With this new closed loop interleaving method, both two phase converters are working at the boundary between continuous and discontinuous mode and accurate 180 degree phase shift is achieved. Implementation of this strategy could be easily integrated to the control chip.
Generation of Simian-Tropic HIV-1 by Restriction Factor Evasion (2006)

Because HIV-1 does not infect most nonhuman primates, animal modeling of human HIV infection and AIDS has primarily consisted of experimentally infecting macaques with related simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVMAC). However, the usefulness of such models is limited by the substantial divergence between SIVMAC and HIV-1. We derived an HIV-1-based virus that includes only small portions of SIVMAC yet replicates robustly in both transformed and primary rhesus macaque T cells. Derivation of simian-tropic HIV-1 (stHIV-1) has important implications for understanding primate lentivirus zoonosis and should allow the development of improved animal models for studies of AIDS and the evaluation of vaccines and treatments.
A tool for automated system analysis based on modular specifications (2002)

An effective means for analyzing and reasoning on software systems is to use formal specifications to simulate their execution. The simulation traces can be used for specification testing and reused, later in the development process, for functional testing of the system. It is widely acknowledged that, to deal with the complexity of industrial-size systems, specifications must be structured into modules providing abstraction mechanisms and clear interfaces. In past work (D. Mandrioloi et al., 1995), we defined and implemented a method for simulating specifications written in the TRIO temporal logic language, and applied it to functional testing of time-critical industrial systems. In this paper, we report on a tool for analyzing TRIO specifications taking advantage of their modular structure, overcoming the well-known state-explosion problem and making the proposed method really scalable. We discuss the fundamental operations and the algorithms on which the tool is based. Then we illustrate its use in a realistic case study inspired by an industrial application. Finally, we comment on the overall results in terms of the usability of the tool and the effectiveness of the approach, and we suggest some future improvements.
Synthesis of (<i>S</i>,<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-α,α′-Iminobis(methylene)bis(6-fluoro-3<i>H</i>,4<i>H</i>-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-1-benzopyran-2-methanol) (2007)

The β1-adrenergic antagonist (S,R,R,R)-α,α′-iminobis(methylene)bis(6-fluoro-3H,4H-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-methanol) was synthesized from natural chiral pool starting materials through an efficient, convergent synthetic strategy. The cyclization mechanism of the key step was investigated using computer modeling and is discussed.
Selection of a Logistics Service Provider Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Approach : A case study of Swedish Coffee Manufacturer—Gevalia (2014)

Logistics outsourcing has been applied in practices by enterprises for decades, but its efficiency is always restricted because logistics service providers (LSPs) often only have a single function such as delivery or warehousing. In the last few years, LSPs have upgraded their capabilities to support some other logistics services including value-added services, materials management, information-related services etc. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the differences between self-built logistics system and outsourcing logistics system by using the Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats (SWOT) strategic analysis; and figure out how to apply the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to make an appropriate selection among LSPs that based on the single-case study of Gevalia. Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used in this study, authors expect to describe and explore the application of AHP approach regarding to the case company which implements outsourcing logistics system. Accordingly, it could be a good idea for case company to implement the mixed mode of self-built and outsourcing logistics system after using the SWOT strategic analysis. In addition, the production and logistics manager of case company emphasized that the five selection criteria including “compatibility”, “delivery performance”, “location”, “management” and “cost” should be considered as a priority among other different criterion when he selected a LSP. As a result, it will be efficient and effective for us to simulate a best decision for those industrial manufacturing enterprises to achieve a path regarding to the selection of the best logistics partner that based on the significant AHP approach.
A novel time-frequency approach for acceleration estimation from a single PRI (2003)

Tracking of highly maneuverable targets is an area of considerable interest to the radar and sonar community. Conventionally, tracking is performed using Kalman filtering based approach (with some modifications), using the position and velocity estimate of the target. Availability of the acceleration estimate of the target enhances tracking of highly maneuverable targets. Existing techniques estimate acceleration as an average over several PRIs. In this paper, we propose a novel time-frequency approach for estimating instantaneous acceleration of a target from a single PRI. This enhances the performance of the tracker and also facilitates the classification of the target on the basis of its "jerk". The Wigner distribution (WD) based approach has been used in the simulations presented.
Automated spectro-goniometer: A spherical robot for the field measurement of the directional reflectance of snow (2003)

We describe an automated spectro-goniometer (ASG) that rapidly measures the spectral hemispherical-directional reflectance factor (HDRF) of snow in the field across the wavelength range 0.4⩽λ⩽2.5 μm. Few measurements of snow’s HDRF exist in the literature, in part caused by a lack of a portable instrument capable of rapid, repeatable sampling. The ASG is a two-link spherical robot coupled to a field spectroradiometer. The ASG is the first revolute joint and first automated field goniometer for use over snow and other smooth surfaces. It is light enough (∼50 kg) to be portable in a sled by an individual. The ASG samples the HDRF at arbitrary angular resolution and 0.5 Hz sampling rate. The arm attaches to the fixed-point frame 0.65 m above the surface. With vertical and oblique axes, the ASG places the sensor of the field spectroradiometer at any point on the hemisphere above a snow target. In standard usage, the ASG has the sun as the illumination source to facilitate in situ measurements over fragile surfaces not easily transported to the laboratory and to facilitate simultaneous illumination conditions for validation and calibration of satellite retrievals. The kinematics of the ASG is derived using Rodrigues’ formula applied to the 2 degree-of-freedom arm. We describe the inverse kinematics for the ASG and solve the inverse problem from a given view angle to the necessary rotation about each axis. Its two-dimensional hemispheric sampling space facilitates the measurement of spectral reflectance from snow and other relatively smooth surfaces into any direction. The measurements will be used to validate radiative transfer model results of directional reflectance and to validate/calibrate directional satellite measurements of reflectance from these smooth surfaces.
Content Based Video Retrieval Using SURF Descriptor (2013)

This paper presents a Robust Content Based Video Retrieval (CBVR) system. This system retrieves similar videos based on a local feature descriptor called SURF (Speeded Up Robust Feature). The higher dimensionality of SURF like feature descriptors causes huge storage consumption during indexing of video information. To achieve a dimensionality reduction on the SURF feature descriptor, this system employs a stochastic dimensionality reduction method and thus provides a model data for the videos. On retrieval, the model data of the test clip is classified to its similar videos using a minimum distance classifier. The performance of this system is evaluated using two different minimum distance classifiers during the retrieval stage. The experimental analyses performed on the system shows that the system has a retrieval performance of 78%. This system also analyses the performance efficiency of the low dimensional SURF descriptor.
Si tunnel transistors with a novel silicided source and 46mV/dec swing (2010)

We report a novel tunneling field effect transistor (TFET) fabricated with a high-k/metal gate stack and using nickel silicide to create a special field-enhancing geometry and a high dopant density by dopant segregation. It produces steep subthreshold swing (SS) of 46mV/dec and high I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</inf> /I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</inf> ratio (∼10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> ) and the experiment was successfully repeated after two months. Its superior operation is explained through simulation. For the first time convincing statistical evidence of sub-60mV/dec SS is presented. More than 30% of the devices show sub-60mV/dec SS after systemic data quality checks that screen out unreliable data.
Charles Augustus Tulk -Swedenborgian Extraordinary (1997)

In order to test our hypothesis that Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin Cry1Ca domain III functions as a determinant of specificity for Spodoptera exigua, regardless of the origins of domains I and II, we have constructed by cloning and in vivo recombination a collection of hybrid proteins containing domains I and II of various Cry1 toxins combined with domain III of Cry1Ca. Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba, Cry1Ea, and Cry1Fa all become more active against S. exigua when their domain III is replaced by (part of) that of Cry1Ca. This result shows that domain III of Cry1Ca is an important and versatile determinant of S. exigua specificity. The toxicity of the hybrids varied by a factor of 40, indicating that domain I and/or II modulate the activity as well. Cry1Da-Cry1Ca hybrids were an exception in that they were not significantly active against S. exigua or Manduca sexta, whereas both parental proteins were highly toxic. Incidentally, in a Cry1Ba-Cry1Ca hybrid, Cry1Ca domain III can also strongly increase toxicity for M. sexta.
Sequence analysis of highly sulfated, heparin-derived oligosaccharides using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1989)

Heparin, a polydisperse, sulfated copolymer of 1----4 linked glucosamine and uronic acid residues, has been used clinically as an anticoagulant for half a century. Despite a yearly use of over 50 million doses in the U.S. alone, heparin's exact chemical structure remains unclear. The negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) analysis is presented for a series of enzymatically prepared, homogeneous, structurally characterized, highly sulfated, heparin-derived oligosaccharides using triethanolamine as the FAB matrix. In addition to the clear presence of monoanionic sodiated molecular ions, structurally significant (sequence) fragment ions are observed and characterized with respect to the known structure for five of the heparin-derived oligosaccharides. The structure of a sixth oligosaccharide is predicted by using negative ion FAB-MS and subsequently confirmed by chemical, enzymatic, and NMR spectroscopic methods.