gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo characteristics of resistance and cross-resistance of an adriamycin-resistant subline of P388 leukemia. (1978)

A subline of P388 leukemia resistant to adriamycin (P388/ADR) was developed by exposure to the drug in vivo. Resistance to adriamycin proved to be a stable characteristic of P388/ADR. There was no significant inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis in P388/ADR cells in vivo following a dose of 10 mg/kg of adriamycin in contrast to a prolonged and complete inhibition, particularly of DNA synthesis, observed in parental sensitive P388 leukemia cells. P388/ADR proved to be completely cross-resistant to a spectrum of anthracycline derivatives. Cross-resistance was observed to nonanthracycline DNA intercalating agents (with the exception of anthramycin), to agents which interfere with mitotic spindle function, and to antineoplastic inhibitors of protein biosynthesis (with the exception of bruceantin). P388/ADR was sensitive to antimetabolites and alkylating agents. Cross-resistance was also observed to several agents (ICRF-159, a terephthalanilide, taxol, lymphosarcin, bouvardin, and a crude extract of Ervatamia hyneana) whose mechanisms of action have not yet been clearly defined. This observation has proved useful in providing a lead for determination of mechanism of action of some of these drugs. The pattern of cross-resistance of a subline of P388 leukemia resistant to daunorubicin, though not studied extensively, appears to be similar to that of P388/ADR.
Low-threshold and narrow-linewidth lasing from dye-doped holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal transmission gratings (2006)

Optically pumped lasing with low threshold and narrow linewidth was observed in a 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-p-dimethylaminostyryl-4H-pyran dye-doped holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal transmission grating structure. The results showed that the lasing peak centered at about 609 nm, with a full width at half maximum of about only 1.8 nm. The threshold pumping intensity was about 120μJ under the excitation of a frequency-doubled Nd:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser operating at a wavelength of 532 nm. Theoretical calculation showed that the lasing from this structure happened at the band edge of the photonic band gap. The lasing modes were also investigated. The transmission grating investigated enjoys a much larger gain length compared to the reflection one.
De-orphanization of Cytochrome P450 2R1 (2003)

The conversion of vitamin D into an active ligand for the vitamin D receptor requires 25-hydroxylation in the liver and 1alpha-hydroxylation in the kidney. Mitochondrial and microsomal vitamin D 25-hydroxylase enzymes catalyze the first reaction. The mitochondrial activity is associated with sterol 27-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P450 (CYP27A1); however, the identity of the microsomal enzyme has remained elusive. A cDNA library prepared from hepatic mRNA of sterol 27-hydroxylase-deficient mice was screened with a ligand activation assay to identify an evolutionarily conserved microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP2R1) with vitamin D 25-hydroxylase activity. Expression of CYP2R1 in cells led to the transcriptional activation of the vitamin D receptor when either vitamin D2 or D3 was added to the medium. Thin layer chromatography and radioimmunoassays indicated that the secosteroid product of CYP2R1 was 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Co-expression of CYP2R1 with vitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) elicited additive activation of vitamin D3, whereas co-expression with vitamin D 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) caused inactivation. CYP2R1 mRNA is abundant in the liver and testis, and present at lower levels in other tissues. The data suggest that CYP2R1 is a strong candidate for the microsomal vitamin D 25-hydroxylase.
Effect of Tomato Product Consumption on the Plasma Status of Antioxidant Microconstituents and on the Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity in Healthy Subjects (2004)

Tomato product consumption can affect not only the lycopene status, but also that of other antioxidant microconstituents (beta-carotene and lutein). Lycopene, but also beta-carotene, are apparently the main tomato microconstituents responsible for the effect of tomato products on antioxidant status.
Enantiomerically pure lactones. 3. Synthesis of and stereospecific conjugate additions to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated lactones (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantiomerically pure lactones. 3. Synthesis of and stereospecific conjugate additions to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated lactonesWilliam H. Pirkle and Paul E. AdamsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 21, 4117–4121Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01309a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01309a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views468Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reduced Contrast Sensitivity is Associated With Elevated Equivalent Intrinsic Noise in Type 2 Diabetics Who Have Mild or No Retinopathy (2018)

Elevated contrast threshold may be associated with increased intrinsic noise in early-stage diabetic subjects. Results suggest that noise-based CS measurements can provide important information about early neural dysfunction in these individuals.
Polyorthocarbonates (1972)

Abstract Hitherto unreported aromatic polyorthocarbonates have been synthesized by the reaction of dichlorodiphenoxymethane and various aromatic dihydroxy compounds. magnified image The polymers possess the structure of a methanetetra‐ol ether (carbonic acid orthoester) in the main chain. The direct structural evidence was obtained by 13 C NMR. High molecular weight, linear polyorthocarbonates were derived from sterically unhindered bisphenols. The polymers were noncrystalline, and clear, flexible films were obtained by casting from solution. Aromatic polyorthocarbonates decomposed above 360°C under nitrogen. The polymers were extremely stable under basic conditions but were unstable in strongly acidic media, particularly at elevated temperatures.
Stability of partial resistance in potato cultivars exposed to aggressive strains of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> (2003)

Potato cultivars were evaluated for their resistance responses to aggressive strains of Phytophthora infestans in field and laboratory experiments. Analysis of variance revealed differential cultivar‐by‐isolate interactions for both foliar and tuber blight resistance. Differential responses occur as revealed by specific susceptibilities of cultivars to certain pathogen genotypes and changing rank order. In general, severity of late blight epidemics as observed in the haulms did not correlate well with foliar blight resistance ratings as presented in the National List of Recommended Potato Varieties. No significant correlation was found between tuber blight incidence under field conditions and the tuber blight rating in the National List. Also, there was no relation between the field and laboratory tuber blight resistance assessments. A significant association was demonstrated between late blight infection in the foliage and tuber blight incidence under field conditions. The presence of differential interaction, independent of R‐gene‐based resistance, indicates some adaptation of P. infestans to partial resistance and consequently adverse effects on the stability and durability of partial resistance to potato late blight.
Accurate determination of spin‐density and <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> in the presence of RF‐field inhomogeneities and flip‐angle miscalibration (1998)

A method is presented for the accurate extraction of relative spin-density (rho0) and spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) in the presence of RF-field inhomogeneities and flip-angle miscalibration. The method requires collecting images at several flip-angles with a three-dimensional, spoiled steady-state, gradient-echo imaging sequence. Results show that the predominant effect of an overestimated flip-angle is to shift the T1 estimate to a higher value, whereas reductions in the normalized RF-field from unity cause rho0 and T1 distributions to be skewed toward lower values. Phantom and in vivo results demonstrate that the proposed method overcomes both of these systematic errors. The method was shown to be valid for up to a 50% reduction in RF sensitivity. A self-consistency argument was used to validate the absence of systematic errors in the extracted rho0 and T1 values over a large number of voxels. This made it possible to obtain a very precise estimate of muscle T1 at 1.5 T, yielding a 95% confidence interval of (1077.7 +/- 3.5) ms.
ChemInform Abstract: Si Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors with Single‐Crystalline β‐SiC Emitters. (1988)

Abstract The electrical characteristics of β‐SiC are investigated and discussed in terms of the applicability to heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT).
Endoscopy and Biopsy of the Orbit (1995)

Flexible endoscopes produce high-quality images, are small in size, and can deliver microsurgical instruments or laser probes. Early attempts at orbital endoscopy were limited by the relatively large size and poor visualization of rigid endoscopes. We performed endoscopic orbital exploration using the Olympus HYF flexible endoscope in four live dog orbits. We achieved excellent visualization of orbital structures including the globe, blood vessels, extraocular muscles, intermuscular septa, optic nerve, and fat. Visualization, hemostasis, and dissection were aided by the use of hyaluronic acid infused through the endoscope. We biopsied fat and extraocular muscle without complication using Olympus endoscopic cup biopsy forceps (confirmed by histopathologic examination). Our experience indicates that orbital endoscopy aided by viscoelastic hydrodissection may permit a less invasive approach to optic nerve sheath fenestration, tumor biopsy and treatment, and the removal of foreign bodies.
Cell Type-specific β2-Adrenergic Receptor Clusters Identified Using Photoactivated Localization Microscopy Are Not Lipid Raft Related, but Depend on Actin Cytoskeleton Integrity (2012)

Recent developments in the field of optical super-resolution techniques allow both a 10-fold increase in resolution as well as an increased ability to quantify the number of labeled molecules visualized in the fluorescence measurement. By using photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) and an experimental approach based on the systematic comparison with a nonclustering peptide as a negative control, we found that the prototypical G protein-coupled receptor β2-adrenergic receptor is partially preassociated in nanoscale-sized clusters only in the cardiomyocytes, such as H9C2 cells, but not in other cell lines, such as HeLa and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO). The addition of the agonist for very short times or the addition of the inverse agonist did not significantly affect the organization of receptor assembly. To investigate the mechanism governing cluster formation, we altered plasma membrane properties with cholesterol removal and actin microfilament disruption. Although cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes and it is supposed to be enriched in the lipid rafts, its sequestration and removal did not affect receptor clustering, whereas the inhibition of actin polymerization did decrease the number of clusters. Our findings are therefore consistent with a model in which β2 receptor clustering is influenced by the actin cytoskeleton, but it does not rely on lipid raft integrity, thus ruling out the possibility that cell type-specific β2 receptor clustering is associated with the raft.
An Anomaly Detection Algorithm of Cloud Platform Based on Self-Organizing Maps (2016)

Virtual machines (VM) on a Cloud platform can be influenced by a variety of factors which can lead to decreased performance and downtime, affecting the reliability of the Cloud platform. Traditional anomaly detection algorithms and strategies for Cloud platforms have some flaws in their accuracy of detection, detection speed, and adaptability. In this paper, a dynamic and adaptive anomaly detection algorithm based on Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) for virtual machines is proposed. A unified modeling method based on SOM to detect the machine performance within the detection region is presented, which avoids the cost of modeling a single virtual machine and enhances the detection speed and reliability of large-scale virtual machines in Cloud platform. The important parameters that affect the modeling speed are optimized in the SOM process to significantly improve the accuracy of the SOM modeling and therefore the anomaly detection accuracy of the virtual machine.
Pressure Sensor Implementation for Head Media Spacing Reduction (2010)

Altitude performance is one of the key considerations in the head media interface design for hard disk drives (HDD). With conventional head media interface without thermal fly-height control (TFC), it is necessary to budget in the air bearing fly-height loss due to altitude effect. In order to reduce the sensitivity to altitude, some other performance need to be sacrificed. With TFC technology, there is an alternative approach to achieve superior altitude performance without trading off other performance. A pressure sensor is installed to the HDD to monitor the ambient pressure. When the pressure changes, the pressure sensor reports the pressure to the channel, and the TFC heater power is adjusted accordingly to maintain a constant fly-height at all altitudes. The pressure sensor has been implemented in the HDD successfully. The objective of this paper is to characterize the pressure sensor performance in the HDD application. The head-media spacing (HMS) was monitored with pressure sensor compensation turned off and on when exposed to different pressure to simulate altitude effects. The HMS was measured with harmonic sensor based on Wallace's spacing equation. It was demonstrated that the pressure sensor is effective in maintaining constant spacing at wide range of altitudes.
Development of risk assessment decision support system for hazardous materials movement (1990)

The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation is conducting a study focusing on risk assessment associated with movement of hazardous materials, and determination of corresponding vulnerable areas in the state. A goal of this research is to make the hazardous material risk assessment an integral part of accident analysis find risk management functions in transportation agencies. To achieve these objectives, the authors developed an interactive, user friendly microcomputer package. The risk assessment model behind this package relies on the notion that data can be obtained easily and updated over time. This package, therefore, employs existing data on accident reports, traffic information, and geometric parameters that is transferred from a mainframe database to the microcomputer. The modelling framework consists of several modules: LEVEL, EDIT, INFO, ZOOM, ANALYZE, MITIGATE, PRINT, HELP, RESET, and QUIT Module. It employs a color coding of streets, municipalities, counties, and states for easy and clear interpretation. To enhance graphic display capabilities of the model, shape points are digitized for each network link. In the LEVEL module three different scales are defined ranging from a small scale county level to a large scale street level, namely, 1)County, 2)Municipality, and 3)Street Any scale may be selected for analysis at any time in the procedure. All other modules are, then, performed on the basis of chosen scale. The EDIT module can be used for data input or investigating hypothetical changes in order to determine the best strategies for problem alleviation. Creating or deleting techniques are included to avoid redigitizing the whole map provided link geometries will be changed over time. Edited data can either be saved on diskette files or be used temporarily in memory without altering original flies. The INFO module employs dialogue boxes with bar graphs or color shadow maps to facilitate depicting numeric values of input and output statistics. The ZOOM module allows user to see the area in question in more detail. The ANALYZE module comprises the main part of this package. Two primary features include : 1) vulnerability and risk assessment at the macro level which provides a ranking of the most affected counties, municipalities and streets (Macro analysis), and 2) risk analysis at the micro level (i.e. street level) which determines corridors of least risk between fixed origins and destinations (Micro analysis). The MITIGATION module is provided for evaluation of mitigating measures. The HELP module uses pop-window techniques to provide quick information with minimal program disruption. The RESET module exits ZOOM module and resets screen. Finally, QUIT module shells out to DOS or exits the package.
Stereoselective introduction of hydroxy groups into the cholesterol side chain. Preparation of (24R)- and (24S)-24,25-dihydroxy- and (25R)- and (25S)-25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by asymmetric synthesis (1983)

24,25-Epoxy-26-hydroxy-3β-tetrahydropyranyloxycholest-5-enes (7a) and (8a), prepared by asymmetric epoxidation of the allylic alcohol (4), and 24-hydroxy-3β-tetrahydropyranyloxycholesta-5,25-dienes (11) and (12), synthesized by asymmetric reduction of the enone (6), were stereoselectively converted into 25,26- and 24,25-dihydroxycholesterol derivatives, which could be transformed into 25,26- and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The highly stereoselective epoxide cleavage of 26-benzoyloxy-24,25-epoxides (7b), (8b), (25), and (26) was found to proceed with retention at C-24.
Nickel-containing hydrogenase isoenzymes from anaerobically grown Escherichia coli K-12 (1985)

Two membrane-bound hydrogenase isoenzymes present in Escherichia coli during anaerobic growth have been resolved. The isoenzymes are immunologically and electrophoretically distinct. The physically more abundant isoenzyme (hydrogenase 1) contains a subunit of Mr 64,000 and is not released from the membrane by exposure to either trypsin or pancreatin. The second isoenzyme (hydrogenase 2) apparently contributes the greater part of the membrane-bound hydrogen:benzyl viologen oxidoreductase activity and exists in two electrophoretic forms revealed by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel analysis. This isoenzyme is irreversibly inactivated at alkaline pH and gives rise to an active, soluble derivative when the membrane-bound enzyme is exposed to either trypsin or pancreatin. Both hydrogenase isoenzymes contain nickel.
Comparison of Absorption-Enhancing Effect between Sodium Caprate and Disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate in Caco-2 Cells. (1994)

The effects of sodium caprate (C10) and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on the epithelial permeability of polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000) were examined in Caco-2 cell monolayers on the polycarbonate membrane (filter) of a Transwell cluster dish. Under serosal Ca(2+)-free conditions irrespective of the presence or absence of mucosal Ca2+, the permeability of PEG4000 was remarkably enhanced, even in the absence of enhancer. For control experimental conditions with a permeation enhancer in Caco-2 cells, Ca2+ was added to both the mucosal and serosal sides. Under the control conditions, EDTA increased the permeability of PEG4000 to 14 times the control and C10 by 3.5 times. Mucosal Ca(2+)-free conditions further increased the EDTA-enhancing effect, to 29 times the control value. In contrast to the EDTA effect, however, the C10 effect was unchanged in the absence of mucosal Ca2+. These results suggest that the EDTA effect is induced by chelation with Ca2+ but that C10 has some other action in addition to chelation.
Testing the Teacher's Report Form Syndromes in 20 Societies (2007)

Standardized assessment instruments developed in one society are often used in other societies. However, it is important to determine empirically how assessment instruments developed in one society function in others. The present study tested the fit of the Teacher's Report Form syndrome structures in 20 diverse societies using data for 30,030 6- to 15-year-old students from Asia; Australia; the Caribbean; eastern, western, southern, and northern Europe; and the Middle East. A correlated seven-syndrome model and a hierarchical Attention Problems model were tested separately in each of the 20 societies via confirmatory factor analyses. The results supported the fit of the models in the tested societies.
A Weighted Approach To Unconstrained Iris Recognition (2014)

This paper presents a weighted approach to unconstrained iris recognition. Nowadays, commercial systems are usually characterized by strong acquisition constraints based on the subject's cooperation. However, it is not always achievable for real scenarios in our daily life. Researchers have been focused on reducing these constraints and maintaining the performance of the system by new techniques at the same time. With large variation in the environment, there are two main improvements to develop the proposed iris recognition system. For solving extremely uneven lighting condition, statistic based illumination normalization is first used on eye region to increase the accuracy of iris feature. The detection of the iris image is based on Adaboost algorithm. Secondly, the weighted approach is designed by Gaussian functions according to the distance to the center of the iris. Furthermore, local binary pattern (LBP) histogram is then applied to texture classification with the weight. Experiment showed that the proposed system provided users a more flexible and feasible way to interact with the verification system through iris recognition.
Mild Manganese(III) Acetate Catalyzed Allylic Oxidation:  Application to Simple and Complex Alkenes (2006)

Manganese(III) acetate catalyzed allylic oxidation of alkenes to the corresponding enones was investigated, showing excellent regioselectivity and chemoselectivity (functional group compatibility). Delta(5)-Steroids were transformed into bioactive Delta(5)-en-7-ones under a nitrogen atmosphere, whereas simple alkenes were converted into the corresponding enones under an oxygen atmosphere in good yields.
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease (2015)

Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder that results in cognitive and behavioral impairment. Conventional treatment strategies, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs, often fail due to their poor solubility, lower bioavailability, and ineffective ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Nanotechnological treatment methods, which involve the design, characterization, production, and application of nanoscale drug delivery systems, have been employed to optimize therapeutics. These nanotechnologies include polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, microemulsion, nanoemulsion, and liquid crystals. Each of these are promising tools for the delivery of therapeutic devices to the brain via various routes of administration, particularly the intranasal route. The objective of this study is to present a systematic review of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.