gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nano-Texturing of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs with Omniphobic Nanoparticles to Mitigate Liquid Phase Trapping (2021)

Abstract Gas reservoirs contain substantial amounts of natural gas and, in some cases, associated high API liquid hydrocarbons. Condensation of heavy hydrocarbons, especially in the area closer to the wellbore, occurs as a direct result of the decline in reservoir pressure. This hydrocarbon condensate, and in some cases water, tends to accumulate in the pore space and form a liquid bank. This liquid bank will result in a reduction in gas relative permeability and overall reduction in the well's productivity. This paper illustrates the synthesis and utilization of surface modified silica nanoparticles to mitigate the liquid banking phenomenon in gas reservoirs. Silica nanoparticles (S-NPs), of different sizes, were synthesized using the Stöber process. The impact of the nanoparticle size and degree of functionalization with different hydrophobic and omniphobic groups on altering the rock wettability properties to mitigate liquid banking in gas reservoirs were studied. The S-NPs (of sizes between 50-400 nm) were functionalized with various linear and branched fluoroalkyl groups, terminal amine, and epoxy groups. The particle size of surface modified silica nanoparticles was determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The performance of the surface modified silica nanoparticles was evaluated through measuring surface charge, change in contact angle, and by performing core flow experiments at reservoir conditions. A glass slide dip coated with 135 nm surface modified silica nanoparticles solution derivatized with terminal amine and perfluoroalkyl group provided a contact angle of 120° and 83° with water and decane, respectively. The contact angle can be tailored by changing the amount of amine and perfluoroalkyl concentrations on the particle surfaces. A contact angle of around 90° indicates a nonwetting neutral surface that results in minimizing capillary pressure and enhancing mobility of both hydrocarbon and water liquid phases. Using core flow studies and by estimating the improvement in gas and liquid relative permeabilities, surface modified silica nanoparticles treatment demonstrated a comparable performance to commercially available solutions at 1/5 the treatment volume. The surface modified silica nanoparticles sustained its performance indicating a stable and permanent coating on the rock surface. The silica nanoparticles functionalized with fluoroalkyl group, terminal amine and epoxy can be directly pumped without the need for a pretreatment of the rock surface. This results in less complexity when it comes to the field operation. The dual- functionalized silica nanoparticles were found to be effective in changing the rock surface wettability to neutral or nonwetting, thereby providing a potential solution to liquid banking problem in gas reservoirs.
Brain site‐specific gene expression analysis in Alzheimer's disease patients (2006)

Altered expression of MAP1B, HSP90, TRIM32/37 and Reticulon-3 provides new clues by which the ubiquitin-proteasome-, the protein-chaperon- and the APP-processing systems are disturbed in AD, thus, leading to neuritic amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
LiZnSO<sub>4</sub>F Made in an Ionic Liquid: A Ceramic Electrolyte Composite for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries (2011)

Wrapped in IL: Solid electrolytes are key for safer lithium batteries. The novel LiZnSO4F fluorosulfate prepared by an ionic-liquid-assisted synthesis delivers high ionic conductivity at room temperature (see picture). The lithium-containing ionic-liquid layer tailors the ionic conductivity of inorganic composites by a surface effect. This finding can be useful in designing solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Inhibition of BACE, a Promising Approach to Alzheimers Disease Therapy (2002)

The first proteolytic step in the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to amyloid-beta (Abeta) in the brain is performed by beta-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1). This enzyme is a membrane bound aspartic protease with high homology of the catalytic domain to renin and pepsin and of yet unknown physiologic function. It is a primary drug discovery target for Alzheimer s disease therapy. The first potent inhibitors are based on the sequence of APP around the beta-secretase cleavage site EVNL/DAEF, with the scissile Leu-Asp amide bond being replaced by a hydroxyethylene transition state analogue isostere. In addition, lipophilic sidechains have been incorporated and a crystal structure of such an octapeptidic inhibitor bound in the active site is already available. Recent progress in the field of BACE inhibition is reviewed.
Detection and prevention of crypto-ransomware (2017)

Crypto-ransomware is a challenging threat that ciphers a user's files while hiding the decryption key until a ransom is paid by the victim. This type of malware is a lucrative business for cybercriminals, generating millions of dollars annually. The spread of ransomware is increasing as traditional detection-based protection, such as antivirus and anti-malware, has proven ineffective at preventing attacks. Additionally, this form of malware is incorporating advanced encryption algorithms and expanding the number of file types it targets. Cybercriminals have found a lucrative market and no one is safe from being the next victim. Encrypting ransomware targets business small and large as well as the regular home user. This paper discusses ransomware methods of infection, technology behind it and what can be done to help prevent becoming the next victim. The paper investigates the most common types of crypto-ransomware, various payload methods of infection, typical behavior of crypto ransomware, its tactics, how an attack is ordinarily carried out, what files are most commonly targeted on a victim's computer, and recommendations for prevention and safeguards are listed as well.
Correlated gene expression supports synchronous activity in brain networks (2015)

During rest, brain activity is synchronized between different regions widely distributed throughout the brain, forming functional networks. However, the molecular mechanisms supporting functional connectivity remain undefined. We show that functional brain networks defined with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging can be recapitulated by using measures of correlated gene expression in a post mortem brain tissue data set. The set of 136 genes we identify is significantly enriched for ion channels. Polymorphisms in this set of genes significantly affect resting-state functional connectivity in a large sample of healthy adolescents. Expression levels of these genes are also significantly associated with axonal connectivity in the mouse. The results provide convergent, multimodal evidence that resting-state functional networks correlate with the orchestrated activity of dozens of genes linked to ion channel activity and synaptic function.
Optimization by Simulated Annealing: An Experimental Evaluation; Part II, Graph Coloring and Number Partitioning (1991)

This is the second in a series of three papers that empirically examine the competitiveness of simulated annealing in certain well-studied domains of combinatorial optimization. Simulated annealing is a randomized technique proposed by S. Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt and M. P. Vecchi for improving local optimization algorithms. Here we report on experiments at adapting simulated annealing to graph coloring and number partitioning, two problems for which local optimization had not previously been thought suitable. For graph coloring, we report on three simulated annealing schemes, all of which can dominate traditional techniques for certain types of graphs, at least when large amounts of computing time are available. For number partitioning, simulated annealing is not competitive with the differencing algorithm of N. Karmarkar and R. M. Karp, except on relatively small instances. Moreover, if running time is taken into account, natural annealing schemes cannot even outperform multiple random runs of the local optimization algorithms on which they are based, in sharp contrast to the observed performance of annealing on other problems.
B-complex vitamins in the prophylaxis and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. (1997)

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality, is a more common neuropsychiatric sequela of alcohol misuse than is widely realized. It is easily prevented and treated with parenteral B-complex vitamins, although this treatment is widely under-utilized.
Evolución del secreto profesional de los abogados (2014)

Los abogados, asi como todos los operadores juridicos y quienes se dedican a una actividad laboral en cumplimiento de una funcion social �profesion� tienen el deber (juridico y deontologico) de no revelar ningun hecho ni dar a conocer ningun documento de los que conociere por razon de ejercicio de su profesion. A esta realidad se le conoce con el nombre de «secreto profesional». Conocida y antigua en ciertas profesiones como la Medicina o el Derecho (juramento hipocratico, derecho romano, derecho medieval espanol) se ha extendido a otras profesiones mas modernas (Psicologia, Periodismo, etc.). Sin embargo, en este momento, ante determinados delitos (blanqueo de capitales) parecen tambalearse sus cimientos a la vista de la normativa europea, conduciendo por unos senderos que desconocemos hasta donde nos llevaran.
Imaging of the optic disc in glaucoma: which way to go? (1998)

Less than 10 years ago, fundus photography was believed to be the only method to document optic disc changes in glaucoma. Since then, many sophisticated electronic devices have been developed to supersede conventional photography. At the moment, confocal laser scanning tomography, nerve fiber layer polarimetry, and optical coherence tomography are the most popular techniques. The current status of optic disc imaging in glaucoma can (in our very subjective opinion) be summarized as follows. Confocal laser scanning tomography is the most comprehensively tested electronic modality. It is perhaps the method of choice in major glaucoma centers. Nerve fiber layer polarimetry has forged ahead during the past 2 years and may become an alternative to confocal laser scanning tomography in the future. Optical coherence tomography is a fascinating technique, which may also become important in the future. Right now, however, it is still in the experimental stage. Conventional disc photography--despite all those new techniques--still has its place. Perhaps it is the method of choice in routine glaucoma practice, except those clinics that can afford one of the "high tech" machines.
Systematic review: evidence‐based management of hepatocellular carcinoma – an updated analysis of randomized controlled trials (2006)

The treatment strategy of hepatocellular carcinoma applied following scientific guidelines is only supported by 77 randomized controlled trials published so far, a figure that clearly pinpoints hepatocellular carcinoma as an 'orphan' cancer in terms of clinical research when compared with other high-prevalent cancers worldwide. A systematic review analysing 61 randomized controlled trials (1978-2002) showed a modest survival benefit from chemoembolization in patients with intermediate tumours, and the lack of an effective first-line treatment option for patients with advanced disease. These conclusions have been endorsed by the European Association for the Study of the Liver and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. The present updated evidence-based approach includes 16 randomized controlled trials published from 2002 to 2005 assessing percutaneous ablation (seven), other loco-regional therapies (three) and systemic therapies (six). Eight showed high-quality methodological profiles. Four randomized controlled trials demonstrated a better local hepatocellular carcinoma control in tumours larger than 2 cm treated by radiofrequency ablation compared with ethanol injection. No survival advantages were obtained from systemic treatments in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, an area that is an unmet need. Therefore, there is an urgent request to conduct well-designed phase III investigations in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Single Photon Emission Tomography Findings in Lacunar Lesions (1989)

99-Tc hexamethyl propylene amine oxime single photon emission tomography was performed in 18 patients showing typical lacunar hypodensities on CT scan (3 with Binswanger's disease and 3 with acute-stage lacunar syndrome). Reduced radiouptake in the site of the lacunar lesions was observed in 7 out of the 18 patients, while all of the patients with Binswanger's disease showed a bilateral reduced whithe matter uptake. Two of the three acute-stage lacunar syndrome patients showed a reduced radio uptake in the cortical areas of the hemisphere, in which the lacunar lesion was detected (diaschisis), followed by subsequent normalization and clinical improvement.
Transport of molecules across renal glomerular capillaries (1976)

Direct measurements of the pressures and flows governing the formation of glomerular ultrafiltrate have been made possible in recent years by virtue of 1) the discovery of rats and monkeys possessing glomerular capillaries on the renal cortical surface, accessible to micropuncture, and 2) technological advances that permit measurement of intracapillary hydraulic pressure and assessment of the change in colloid osmotic pressure along the glomerular capillary network. Based on these direct measurements, evidence has been obtained to indicate that glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure and hence the net driving force for ultrafiltration are lower than previously believed. By the efferent end of the glomerular capillary network, net filtration of fluid ceases, owing to a reduction in the net driving force to zero. Evidence in the rat indicates that the process of ultrafiltration is highly dependent on glomerular plasma flow rate. Studies in rats with surface glomeruli have also made possible an assessment of the factors that govern the transport of macromolecules across the highly specialized capillary network. In addition to molecular size, transcapillary movement of macromolecules is influenced by the glomerular filtration rate, since total transport reflects the combined contributions of convection as well as diffusion. Molecular charge has also been found to be an important determinant of the transport of macromolecules, very likely contributing to the marked restriction to the transcapillary movement of albumin. This electrostatic restriction to the transport of polyanions such as albumin, by some fixed, negatively charged component(s) of the glomerular capillary wall, is markedly reduced in primary glomerular injury. Evidence indicates that glomerular injury results in loss of these fixed negative charges from the capillary walls, providing an attractive explanation for the enhanced filtration of albumin, and hence the proteinuria, observed in a variety of glomerulopathic states.
Halloween horrors! (2007)

Whether going to an organised party or having some family fun, children love celebrating Halloween. What other time of the year can they dress up in the scariest of outfits and eat gruesome sounding foods? So, if you are looking for some fun ideas and activities to do this Halloween read on...
Synthesis, X-ray structure and electrochemical characterisation of a binuclear thiolate bridged Ni–Fe–nitrosyl complex, related to the active site of NiFe hydrogenase (1997)

[NiL] 1 (L = N,N′-diethyl-3,7-diazanonane-1,9-dithiolate) reacts with [Fe(CO) 2 (NO) 2 ] 2 to afford [Ni(L)Fe(NO) 2 ] 3, in which a Ni II ion and a nitrosylated Fe - II centre are bridged via two µ-S atoms from the chelating ligand.
Poroelastic Model for Production- and Injection-Induced Stresses in Reservoirs with Elastic Properties Different from the Surrounding Rock (2007)

Closed-form and semianalytical solutions for induced poroelastic stresses and strains are extremely useful for the design of subsurface fluid storage in caverns because of their relative ease of implementation and their suitability for parameter sensitivity analyses. This paper describes the use of Eshelby’s inhomogeneity theory to derive equations that can be used to predict the induced stresses and strains for reservoirs that are elliptical in cross section, under plane strain conditions. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that the induced stresses are relatively insensitive to the Poisson’s ratio of the surrounding rock, but they are strongly affected by the Poisson’s ratio of the reservoir, and the ratio of shear modulus of the reservoir to that of the surrounding rock. Results are presented in terms of dimensionless parameters, which facilitate their application to a broad range of reservoir dimensions and pressure-change magnitudes. These equations can also be used to predict the induced stresses around a cavity, which represents the special case of an inhomogeneity with a shear modulus of zero.
Impact of mask line roughness in EUV lithography (2011)

Resist line edge/width roughness is one of the most critical aspects in EUV lithography for the 32 nm technological node and below. It is originated by the uncertainties which characterize the lithographic process: source speckle effect, mask line and surface roughness, mirror roughness, flare effect and resist pattern formation all contribute to the final roughness. In this paper mask and resist line edge roughness were compared by means of frequency analysis on top-down SEM images: it was found that low frequencies mask roughness are well correlated with the Power Spectral Density of the resist roughness. Mask high frequencies components resulted less critical due to the natural cut-off of the optical system. Experimental data for both mask and resist were implemented in the PROLITH Stochastic Resist Model simulator to quantify the mask line edge roughness contribution to the final resist roughness: the results showed that 16% of the low frequency resist roughness component is originated at the mask level. For that reason, mask impact was set as 0.6 nm of the overall line edge roughness resist budget.
Another secret mission to the expatriarch of C.P. Dionysius (2010)

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Discrimination between singing and speaking voices (2005)

Discriminating between singing and speaking voices by using the local and global characteristics of voice signals is discussed.From the results of subjective experiments, we show that human beings can discriminate singing and speaking voices with more than 70% and 95% accuracy from 300 ms and one second long signals, respectively.From the subjective experiment results, assuming that different features are effective for shortterm and long-term signals, we designed two measures using a spectral envelope (MFCC) and the fundamental frequency (F0, perceived as pitch) contour.Experimental results show that the F0 measure performs better than the spectral envelope measure when the input voice signals are longer than one second.Particularly, it can discriminate singing and speaking voices with more than 80% accuracy with two-second signals.On the other hand, when the input signals are shorter than one second, the spectral envelope measure performs better than the F0 measure.Finally, by simply combining the two measures, more than 90% accuracy is obtained for two-second signals.
Silicon Photonic Dual-Polarization Nanotaper for Chip-to-Fiber Coupling (2015)

We present a dual polarization nanotaper that operates as an integrated silicon photonic beam cube, having low PDL and superior polarization extinction over 130 nm of bandwidth, and tightly controlled NA for coupling to fiber.
Mass spectrometry in sports drug testing: Structure characterization and analytical assays (2006)

Owing to the sensitive, selective, and unambiguous nature of mass spectrometric analyses, chromatographic techniques interfaced to various kinds of mass spectrometers have become the most frequently employed strategy in the fight against doping. To obtain utmost confidence in analytical assays, mass spectrometric characterization of target analytes and typical dissociation pathways have been utilized as basis for the development of reliable and robust screening as well as confirmation procedures. Methods for qualitative and/or quantitative determinations of prohibited low and high molecular weight drugs have been established in doping control laboratories preferably employing gas or liquid chromatography combined with electron, chemical, or atmospheric pressure ionization followed by analyses using quadrupole, ion trap, linear ion trap, or hyphenated techniques. The versatility of modern mass spectrometers enable specific as well as comprehensive measurements allowing sports drug testing laboratories to determine the misuse of therapeutics such as anabolic-androgenic steroids, stimulants, masking agents or so-called designer drugs in athletes' blood or urine specimens, and a selection of recent developments is summarized in this review.
Acupuncture Points of the Lumbar Plexus (1985)

This communication is the fifth in a series of six publications describing acupuncture points by anatomic nomenclature. This article describes acupuncture points in the lumbar region of the posterior body wall, the inguinal and pelvic regions of the lower abdomen, and the medial surface of the thigh and leg. Acupuncture points in these regions are generally established by anatomic features of the lumbar spinal nerves. Nerve branches of the posterior primary rami of the lumbar spinal nerves and the lumbar plexus provide the anatomic basis for acupuncture points in these regions and are used to name the points accordingly.