gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Niobe (2008)

The task of consistently and reliably replicating data is fundamental in distributed systems, and numerous existing protocols are able to achieve such replication efficiently. When called on to build a large-scale enterprise storage system with built-in replication, we were therefore surprised to discover that no existing protocols met our requirements. As a result, we designed and deployed a new replication protocol called Niobe . Niobe is in the primary-backup family of protocols, and shares many similarities with other protocols in this family. But we believe Niobe is significantly more practical for large-scale enterprise storage than previously published protocols. In particular, Niobe is simple, flexible, has rigorously proven yet simply stated consistency guarantees, and exhibits excellent performance. Niobe has been deployed as the backend for a commercial Internet service; its consistency properties have been proved formally from first principles, and further verified using the TLA + specification language. We describe the protocol itself, the system built to deploy it, and some of our experiences in doing so.
Attend, Infer, Repeat: Fast Scene Understanding with Generative Models (2016)

We present a framework for efficient inference in structured image models that explicitly reason about objects. We achieve this by performing probabilistic inference using a recurrent neural network that attends to scene elements and processes them one at a time. Crucially, the model itself learns to choose the appropriate number of inference steps. We use this scheme to learn to perform inference in partially specified 2D models (variable-sized variational auto-encoders) and fully specified 3D models (probabilistic renderers). We show that such models learn to identify multiple objects - counting, locating and classifying the elements of a scene - without any supervision, e.g., decomposing 3D images with various numbers of objects in a single forward pass of a neural network. We further show that the networks produce accurate inferences when compared to supervised counterparts, and that their structure leads to improved generalization.
VCAT-LCAS in a clamshell (2006)

Virtual concatenation (VCAT) is a standardized layer 1 inverse multiplexing technique that can be applied to the optical transport network (OTN), synchronous optical network (SONET), synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), and plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) component signals. By inverse multiplexing, it combines multiple links at a particular layer into aggregate links to achieve a commensurate increase in available bandwidth on the aggregate link. While any inverse multiplexing scheme is about "more bandwidth", the VCAT/LCAS is a general technique that can enable a fairly broad range of network features such as (1) right sizing bandwidth for data applications, (2) bandwidth extraction from a mesh network, (3), bandwidth on demand and IP traffic engineering, and (4) provides new forms of protection-restoration and graceful degradation. In this paper, the authors have given a quick overview of VCAT/LCAS technology and just a few examples of its applications
Energy and Emission Reduction Opportunities for the Cement Industry (2003)

This report describes the cement industry and its technology. It provides background information necessary to develop realistic work plans to reduce energy usage and to lower CO2 emissions.
The Great Energy Predictor Shootout II : Measuring Retriofit Savings-Overview and Discussion of Results (1996)

A second predictor shootout contest has been developed and conducted to evaluate the most effective empirical or inverse models for modeling hourly whole-building energy baselines for purposes of measuring savings from energy conservation retrofits. This second contest utilized two sets of measured hourly pre-retrofit and post-retrofit data from buildings participating in a revolving loan program in Texas. The accuracy of the contestants` models was evaluated by determining their ability to predict data that were carefully removed from the training (or pre-retrofit) period. A comparison of the savings predicted by the models is also presented. The results from the contest show that neural networks again provide the most accurate model of a building`s energy use. However, in contrast to the first contest, the second contest`s results show that cleverly assembled statistical models also appear to be as accurate or, in some cases, more accurate than some of the neural network entries. When these models were used to forecast the baseline use into the post-retrofit periods, large variations in the predicted savings occurred among the models, particularly for the cooling energy savings in one of the case study buildings. These variations appear to be due to the ability of the models (ormore » inability) to capture certain energy performance characteristics and the modeler`s assumptions about the post-retrofit energy use.« less
Atrial peptide inactivation by rabbit‐kidney brush‐border membranes (1987)

Atriopeptin (AP) 24, containing amino acids Ser103-Tyr126 of the carboxy-terminal portion of the atrial natriuretic peptide prohormone, was degraded rapidly by rabbit kidney brush border membranes. The rate of degradation of AP24 measured by the loss of vasorelaxant activity followed a similar time course to the decrease in peptide peak area measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Inactivation of AP24 produced peptide fragments which were separated by HPLC. The major products were purified individually and their peptide sequences determined. Results indicate that AP24 was proteolytically cleaved at three peptide bonds: Ser103-Ser104, Cys105-Phe106 and Ser123-Phe124. des-Ser103-AP24 had similar vasorelaxant activity to AP24, while AP24 cleaved at Cys105-Phe106 was inactive. Regarding the proteolytic cleavage at Ser123-Phe124, there was an accumulation of the C-terminal tripeptide, Phe-Arg-Tyr, only at the later time points of the incubation. Degradation experiments were repeated with an amino- and carboxy-terminal protected peptide, acetyl-AP24-amide. Peptide sequence analysis of the major degradation products of this peptide revealed that the critical peptide bond cleaved was Cys105-Phe106. We conclude that the Cys-Phe peptide bond renders atrial peptides highly susceptible to proteolysis by renal brush border membranes, resulting in inactivation.
Distribution of Airborne Radon-222 Concentrations in U.S. Homes (1986)

Apparently large exposures of the general public to the radioactive decay products of radon-222 present in indoor air have led to systematical appraisal of monitoring data from U.S. single-family homes; several ways of aggregating data were used that take into account differences in sample selection and season of measurements. The resulting distribution of annual-average radon-222 concentrations can be characterized by an arithmetic mean of 1.5 picocurie per liter (55 becquerels per cubic meter) and a long tail with 1 to 3% of homes exceeding 8 picocuries per liter, or by a geometric mean of 0.9 picocurie per liter and a geometric standard deviation of about 2.8. The standard deviation in the means is 15%, estimated from the number and variability of the available data sets, but the total uncertainty is larger because these data may not be representative. Available dose-response data suggest that an average of 1.5 picocuries per liter contributes about 0.3% lifetime risk of lung cancer and that, in the million homes with the highest concentrations, where annual exposures approximate or exceed those received by underground uranium miners, long-term occupants suffer an added lifetime risk of at least 2%, reaching extraordinary values at the highest concentrations observed.
Palm oil methyl esters as lubricant additive in a small diesel engine (1995)

Malaysian crude palm oil has been successfully converted to methyl esters, also known as palm oil diesel (POD), which is readily combustible in diesel engines. This paper presents and discusses the results of current studies on the performance and the effects of POD on the wear characteristics of tribological components of a small, four‐stroke diesel engine. Adding POD to commercial lubricating oil has enhanced the performance of such oils. Results obtained from this study show that the power output and brake specific fuel consumption of the engine, lubricated with commercial SAE 40 oil blended with POD, are comparable to those of 100% SAE 40 oil. Wear debris analysis shows that blends of POD and SAE 40 commercial lubricating oil increase the anti‐wear characteristics of the engine when compared to 100% SAE 40 lubricating oil.
Dendritic spine dysgenesis in Rett syndrome (2014)

Spines are small cytoplasmic extensions of dendrites that form the postsynaptic compartment of the majority of excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain. Alterations in the numerical density, size, and shape of dendritic spines have been correlated with neuronal dysfunction in several neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders associated with intellectual disability, including Rett syndrome (RTT). RTT is a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder associated with intellectual disability that is caused by loss of function mutations in the transcriptional regulator methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2). Here, we review the evidence demonstrating that principal neurons in RTT individuals and Mecp2-based experimental models exhibit alterations in the number and morphology of dendritic spines. We also discuss the exciting possibility that signaling pathways downstream of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is transcriptionally regulated by MeCP2, offer promising therapeutic options for modulating dendritic spine development and plasticity in RTT and other MECP2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders.
Potential role of TBC1D4 in enhanced post-exercise insulin action in human skeletal muscle (2009)

We provide evidence for site-specific phosphorylation of TBC1D4 in human skeletal muscle in response to physiological hyperinsulinaemia. The data support the idea that TBC1D4 is a nexus for insulin- and exercise-responsive signals that may mediate increased insulin action after exercise.
<title>Vacuum packaging of microresonators by rapid thermal processing</title> (2002)

Vacuum packaging of micro resonators using TRP aluminum-to- nitride bonding has been demonstrated. Polysilicon micro resonators are fabricated with integrated sealing rings using surface micromachining technology. The top most layer on the sealing ring is silicon nitride. Aluminum sealing rings are patterned on the Pyrex glass cap wafers. The bonding and sealing of device wafer to cap wafer is done by heating the wafers in the RTP chamber at 750 degrees C for 10 seconds in vacuum. The quality factor of a vacuum- packaged micro resonator is measured as 400 +/- 50.
Differential tumor infiltration by T-cells characterizes intrinsic molecular subtypes in breast cancer (2016)

Thus, immunological patterns with functional implications within each subtype are associated with prognostic factors. These findings should be further validated in studies using larger patient populations and longer follow-up.
Ultrasonic detection of resonant bubbles by their second-harmonic emissions (1981)

During bioeffects experimentation, determining whether cavitation will occur in a biological medium, or has occurred during an ultrasonic exposure is often difficult. This problem is particularly acute for low-intensity exposures when indicators, such as subharmonic emissions, are absent, or in situations in which ultrasonic scattering at the fundamental frequency is dominated by large bubbles, or other spurious sources, rather than by biologically effective resonant bubbles. A resonant-bubble detector has been developed which is based on selectively monitoring the second-harmonic emissions, in response to a low-intensity beam of ultrasound, from a liquid flowing in a tube or blood vessel which passes through the detector. Such emissions are expected only from resonant bubbles which scatter ultrasound nonlinearly. In tests, a detector using a 1.64-MHz beam and receiving at 3.28 MHz easily detected resonant bubbles which were about 4.5 p.m in diameter, but not 450-μm-diam bubbles. For in vivo use, this detector can be used as a perivascular cuff to detect either (i) pre-existing bubbles which may be present naturally and lead to cavitation during exposure, or (ii) resonant cavitation bubbles which have been generated upstream of the detector by ultrasonic exposure. [Work supported by USFDA Contract No. 223-79-6015.]
Molecular determinants of the aggregation behavior of α‐ and β‐synuclein (2008)

Alpha- and beta-synuclein are closely related proteins, the first of which is associated with deposits formed in neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease while the second appears to have no relationship to any such disorders. The aggregation behavior of alpha- and beta-synuclein as well as a series of chimeric variants were compared by exploring the structural transitions that occur in the presence of a widely used lipid mimetic, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). We found that the aggregation rates of all these protein variants are significantly enhanced by low concentrations of SDS. In particular, we inserted the 11-residue sequence of mainly hydrophobic residues from the non-amyloid-beta-component (NAC) region of alpha-synuclein into beta-synuclein and show that the fibril formation rate of this chimeric protein is only weakly altered from that of beta-synuclein. These intrinsic propensities to aggregate are rationalized to a very high degree of accuracy by analysis of the sequences in terms of their associated physicochemical properties. The results begin to reveal that the differences in behavior are primarily associated with a delicate balance between the positions of a range of charged and hydrophobic residues rather than the commonly assumed presence or absence of the highly aggregation-prone region of the NAC region of alpha-synuclein. This conclusion provides new insights into the role of alpha-synuclein in disease and into the factors that regulate the balance between solubility and aggregation of a natively unfolded protein.
Effect of Improved Glycemic Control on Health Care Costs and Utilization (2001)

Our data suggest that a sustained reduction in HbA(1c) level among adult diabetic patients is associated with significant cost savings within 1 to 2 years of improvement.
Apoptosis-associated derangement of mitochondrial function in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA. (1996)

U937 cells lacking mitochondrial DNA (rho [symbol: see text] cells) are auxotrophic for uridine and pyruvate, hypersensitive to hypoglycemic conditions, and resistant to antimycin A-induced apoptosis. In spite of their obvious metabolic defects, rho [symbol: see text] cells possess a normal mitochondrial transmembrane potential, as well as near-normal capacity to generate superoxide anion after menadione treatment. Similarly to rho + controls, rho [symbol: see text] cells undergo apoptosis in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha plus cycloheximide. Detailed comparison of the apoptotic process in rho + and rho [symbol: see text] cells reveals essentially the same sequence of events. In response to tumor necrosis factor/cycloheximide, cells first lose their mitochondrial transmembrane potential (delta psi m) and then manifest late apoptotic alterations, such as generation of reactive oxygen species and DNA fragmentation. Experiments involving isolated mitochondria from rho + and rho [symbol: see text] cells confirm that rho [symbol: see text] mitochondria can be induced to undergo permeability transition, a process thought to account for the pre-apoptotic delta psi m disruption in cells. Like rho + mitochondria, rho [symbol: see text] mitochondria contain a pre-formed soluble factor that is capable of inducing chromatin condensation in isolated nuclei in vitro. This factor is released from mitochondria upon induction of permeability transition by calcium or the specific ligand of the adenine nucleotide translocator atractyloside. In conclusion, it appears that all structures involved in the maintenance and pre-apoptotic disruption of the delta psi m, as well as a mitochondrial apoptotic factor(s), are present in rho [symbol: see text] cells and thus are controlled by the nuclear rather than by the mitochondrial genome. These findings underline the contribution of mitochondria to the apoptotic process.
Au@Ag Core−Shell Nanocubes with Finely Tuned and Well-Controlled Sizes, Shell Thicknesses, and Optical Properties (2010)

This paper describes a facile method for generating Au@Ag core-shell nanocubes with edge lengths controllable in the range of 13.4-50 nm. The synthesis involved the use of single-crystal, spherical Au nanocrystals of 11 nm in size as the seeds in an aqueous system, with ascorbic acid serving as the reductant and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) as the capping agent. The thickness of the Ag shells could be finely tuned from 1.2 to 20 nm by varying the ratio of AgNO(3) precursor to Au seeds. We also investigated the growth mechanism by examining the effects of seeds (capped by CTAC or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)) and capping agent (CTAC vs CTAB) on both size and shape of the resultant core-shell nanocrystals. Our results clearly indicate that CTAC worked much better than CTAB as a capping agent in both the syntheses of Au seeds and Au@Ag core-shell nanocubes. We further studied the localized surface plasmon resonance properties of the Au@Ag nanocubes as a function of the Ag shell thickness. By comparing with the extinction spectra obtained from theoretical calculations, we derived a critical value of ca. 3 nm for the shell thickness at which the plasmon excitation of the Au cores would be completely screened by the Ag shells. Moreover, these Au@Ag core-shell nanocubes could be converted into Au-based hollow nanostructures containing the original Au seeds in the interiors through a galvanic replacement reaction.
A 40nm CMOS highly linear 0.4-to-6GHz receiver resilient to 0dBm out-of-band blockers (2011)

This paper presents a full software defined receiver with 3 dB noise figure that tolerates 0 dBm blockers with acceptable blocker noise figure at maximum gain. It achieves +10 dBm out-of-band (OB) IIP3 and >;+70dBm IIP2. Such a receiver is to operate using no other than harmonic-rejection filtering.
Attrition of the Charge on a Carrier Moving Through a Gas (2007)

Metallic, free-flying probes were used for sensing areas filled with weak concentration of free, unbalanced ambipolar charge or plasma, or for determining the charge on aerosols. Depending on the conditions, problems can be encountered in the behavior of the probe. This paper focuses on the charge exchange processes occurring between a small metal charge carrier and the gaseous medium through which the carrier travels; these processes may lead to a charge imbalance. In the experiments described, a small lead pellet was propelled with a small volume of pressurized carbon dioxide on a horizontal ballistic trajectory in air. At the launch site, the probe was charged by triboelectrification in a polytetrafluoroethylene tube, and its pre-and post flight charge measured with dynamic Faraday cups. The charge loss, incurred by the pellet crossing a 96 cm path (40 ms flight time), was 11%. Analysis of the results suggests that the onset of discharge from the carrier's body to the gas medium is a likely cause for the observed results.
Novel Surveillance Network for Norovirus Gastroenteritis Outbreaks, United States (2011)

CaliciNet, the outbreak surveillance network for noroviruses in the United States, was launched in March 2009. As of January 2011, twenty state and local health laboratories had been certified to submit norovirus sequences and epidemiologic outbreak data to CaliciNet. During the network's first year, 552 outbreaks were submitted to CaliciNet, of which 78 (14%) were associated with foodborne transmission. A total of 395 (72%) outbreaks were typed as GII.4, of which 298 (75%) belonged to a new variant, GII.4 New Orleans, which first emerged in October 2009. Analysis of the complete capsid and P2 region sequences confirmed that GII.4 New Orleans is distinct from previous GII.4 variants, including GII.4 Minerva (2006b).
Aspirin and ibuprofen enhance pyrazinamide treatment of murine tuberculosis (2006)

Aspirin and ibuprofen enhance the effect of pyrazinamide during the initial phase of tuberculosis treatment in the mouse model. Further investigation is necessary to determine the impact of NSAIDs on long-term treatment with pyrazinamide and other antituberculosis drugs in the mouse model of tuberculosis infection and the clinical implications of these findings on tuberculosis treatment in humans.
Characterization of heteroepitaxial CuIn3Se5 and CuInSe2 layers on Si substrates (1994)

Epitaxial CuIn3Se5 layers were grown on CuInSe2/Si(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Photoemission spectra of (112)-oriented CuIn3Se5 and CuInSe2 epitaxial layers were studied and the structures in the upper valence band are correlated with the Cu 3d and Se 4p density of states. The main valence band of CuInSe2 exhibits the three peak structure (consistent with theory) while a broadband with a shoulder is observed for the CuIn3Se5 phase. Electron channeling and x-ray diffraction confirmed the epitaxial growth of (112)-oriented layer. Surface and bulk composition analyses, position of valence band maxima, and a Se related vibrational mode at 153 cm−1 in Raman scattering measurements established the growth of the CuIn3Se5 phase.
Hydrogenolysis of Sorbitol (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenolysis of SorbitolIra T. ClarkCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1958, 50, 8, 1125–1126Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50584a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50584a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views737Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts