gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein stains for proteomic applications: <b><i>Which, when, why?</i></b> (2006)

This review recollects literature data on sensitivity and dynamic range for the most commonly used colorimetric and fluorescent dyes for general protein staining, and summarizes procedures for the most common PTM-specific detection methods. It also compiles some important points to be considered in imaging and evaluation. In addition to theoretical considerations, examples are provided to illustrate differential staining of specific proteins with different detection methods. This includes a large body of original data on the comparative evaluation of several pre- and post-electrophoresis stains used in parallel on a single specimen, horse serum run in 2-DE (IPG-DALT). A number of proteins/protein spots are found to be over- or under-revealed with some of the staining procedures.
Nanites (1997)

The focal point of many interactive systems is an information artifact being created and manipulated by one or more users through a user interface. The software components of such an interactive system perform their tasks relative to the data structures that represent the information artifact. System components interact with each other by changing these data and responding when relevant changes are made to them by other components. Perhaps the most difficult problem to be solved when building such data-centric systems is the monitoring problem. System components require the ability to watch for and respond to changes made to complex data structures. Previous monitoring approaches are geared toward monitoring single data items rather than entire data structures. This article describes an new monitoring approach called Nanites that is designed to simplify the task of monitoring complex data structures.
Hazard Detection in Combinational and Sequential Switching Circuits (1965)

This paper is concerned with a unified approach to the detection of hazards in both combinational and sequential circuits through the use of ternary algebra. First, hazards in a combinational network resulting from the simultaneous changing of two or more inputs are discussed. A technique is described that will detect hazards resulting from both single- and multiple-input changes. The various types of hazards connected with gate-type sequential circuits are also discussed, and a general technique is described that will detect any type of hazard or race condition that could result in an incorrect terminal state. This technique could be easily implemented in a computer program which would be capable of detecting hazards in circuits containing hundreds of logic blocks.
Transient colour centres caused by UV light irradiation in yttrium aluminium garnet crystals (1977)

The degrading laser oscillation behaviour in YAG crystals is attributed to the production of colour centres, induced by UV light irradiation. The optical absorption spectrum of UV induced colour centres is investigated using time resolved transient absorption spectroscopy technique. The UV generated spectrum is found to consist of the superposition of three broad absorption bands E1, E2 and E3 peaked near 1.2 × 104, 2.0 × 104, and 2.8 × 104 cm−1, respectively. Various experiments, such as additive coloration, ESR, thermoluminescence, and optical absorption measurement are made. On the basis of experimental results, a model is proposed for the E1, E2 and E3 bands, which are explained by colour centres trapping an electron at an anion vacancy site. Das sich verschlechternde Laserverhalten in YAG-Kristallen wird der Bildung von Farbzentren zugeschrieben, die sich durch UV-Einstrahlung bilden. Das optische Absorptionsspektrum von UV -induzierten Farbzentren wird mit der zeitaufgelösten Absorptionsspektroskopie untersucht. Es wird gefunden. daß das UV-erzeugte Spektrum aus der Überlagerung von drei breiten Absorptionsbanden E1, E2 und E3 bei etwa 1,2 × 104, 2,0 × 104 bzw. 2,8 × 104 cm−1 besteht. Verschiedene Experimente, wie zusätzliche Verfärbung, ESR, Thermolumineszenz und optische Absorptionsmessungen werden durchgeführt. Auf der Grundlage der experimentellen Ergebnisse wird ein Modell für die E1-, E2- und E3- Bande vorgeschlagen, das Farbzentren annimmt, die ein Elektron in einer Anionenleerstelle einfangen.
Testing and Evaluation of Aluminum Coated Bipolar Plates of PEM Fuel Cells Operating at 70° C (2005)

Corrosion resistant metal treated bipolar plates with higher rigidity and electrical conductivity than graphite were developed and tested for PEM fuel cell applications. Six replicas of single cells were fabricated; two of graphite composites bipolar plates and the other four plates were coated aluminum. Two different high corrosion resistant coatings were used in this study and were applied to each pair of the metallic plates. An E-TEK Series 14-W MEA with carbon cloth GDL, thickness of Nafion <50 microns, <1mg/cm^2 total platinum content (anode & cathode) and 6.45 cm2 active electrode areas, was fitted to each cell and operated under identical conditions. The obtained data from the two graphite cells were averaged and plotted and the other aluminum cells’ data were similarly treated and plotted on the same graph for comparison. Generally, the metallic treated bipolar plate provided at least a 22% savings in hydrogen consumption in comparison to graphite. This is attributed to the lower bulk and surface contact resistance of the coated aluminum plates used in this study in relation to graphite. The results of the lifetime testing conducted at temperature of 70° C under loading condition ranging from 0 to 0.6 W that showed no indication of power degradation due to metal corrosion for at least 60 hours.
Constituents of Hypericum laricifolium and Their Cyclooxygenase (COX) Enzyme Activities (2003)

Investigation of the aerial parts of the medicinal plant Hypericum laricifolium led to the isolation of two new natural products, hentriacontanyl caffeate (1a), nonacosanyl caffeate (1b). In addition, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, 3-epi-betulinic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), ferulic acid, docosanol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dimethoxy benzoic acid, quercetin (4), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (5), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (6), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (7), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (8) and shikimic acid were also isolated. The structures were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR, mass spectrometry, and chemical transformations. The anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds were discussed briefly.
Estimating ressure at eardrum with pressure-velocity measurement from ear canal entrance (2009)

It is important to know the sound pressure signal at the eardrum in headphone reproduction and in audiological applications. Unfortunately, it is difficult to conduct direct measurement safely. Estimating pressure signals at the eardrum based on measurements done elsewhere in the ear canal is sensitive to positioning errors. This is particularly the case at the canal entrance. In addition, not knowing the acoustic properties of the ear canal makes estimation difficult. This study shows that when both sound pressure and velocity are measured at the canal entrance using a pressure-velocity probe, the pressure signal at the eardrum can be estimated with much higher accuracy than from the pressure-only measurement. The method is demonstrated and validated by using physical simulators and computational modeling.
Toward Self-Manageable and Adaptive Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems With Knowledge-Driven Autonomic Service Management (2016)

An increasingly important goal of industrial automation systems is to continuously optimize physical resource utilization such as materials. Distributed automation is seen as one enabling technology for achieving this goal, in which networking controller nodes collaborate in a peer-to-peer way to form a new paradigm, namely industrial cyber-physical systems (iCPS). In order to achieve rapid response to changes from both high-level control systems and plant environment, the proposed self-manageable agent relies on the use of the service-oriented architecture (SOA) that improves flexibility and interoperability. It is enhanced by the autonomic service management (ASM) to implement software modifications in a fully automatic manner, thus achieving self-manageable and adaptive iCPS. The architecture design of the ASM is provided and integration with SOA-based execution environment is illustrated. Preliminary tests on self-management are completed using a case study of an airport baggage handling system.
Activity of Elvitegravir, a Once‐Daily Integrase Inhibitor, against Resistant HIV Type 1: Results of a Phase 2, Randomized, Controlled, Dose‐Ranging Clinical Trial (2010)

Elvitegravir was well-tolerated and produced rapid virologic suppression that was durable with active background therapy. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number: NCT00298350.
Selective modulation of non-protein sulfhydryl levels in Ehrlich ascites tumor bearing mice. (1996)

Thiazolidine derivatives (TD), prodrugs of L-cysteine (cys), synthesized by the condensation of cys with formaldehyde (thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid-CF), acetaldehyde (2-methyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid-CA) and pyruvate (2-methylthiazolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid-CP), as well as amino acids thiocystine (T-cys) and cys, but not methionine (met) and S2O3(-2), successfully elevated non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) levels in livers of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC) bearing mice. At the same time, CA, promote a significant drop of NPSH concentration in EATC, whereas the other sulfur compounds (S-comp) have no effects. Thus TD and T-cys through their selective influence upon the level of NPSH in the liver and in cancer cells, seem to be the most interesting compounds for further studies on anticancer therapy.
Computed Tomography--but Not Magnetic Resonance Imaging--Identified Periventricular White-Matter Lesions Predict Symptomatic Cerebrovascular Disease in Probable Alzheimer's Disease (1995)

Although MRI may be more sensitive in detecting periventricular white-matter lesions, CT is more specific in predicting subsequent symptomatic cerebrovascular disease.
A study on resolution and aliasing for multi-viewpoint image acquisition (2000)

We equate multi-viewpoint image acquisition with object sampling from different viewpoints, and calculate the resolution of multi-viewpoint camera systems. Aliasing, which occurs with the sampling, leads to depth shifting of objects. For instance, an image of a distant object may be taken as if it were near when aliasing occurs. A condition of the camera pitch free from aliasing is discussed. An appropriate prefilter for the sampling can eliminate alias-causing spatial-frequency components, even when the camera pitch is large. We analyze the characteristics of the prefilters from the aspects of depth shifting, ghosting, and waveform distortion. The experimental results show that a prefilter, which reduces ghosting, can be realized optically. For precise acquisition of multi-viewpoint images, however, a prefilter with electrical processing is needed.
Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide on Zn-loaded HZSM-5 Accompanying Aromatization of Propane (1992)

Abstract CO2 was successfully reduced on a Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst accompanying the conversion of C3H8 into more valuable products. Further, CO2 was found to suppress the formation of lower alkanes and the deposition of coke.
Wideband phase-locked loop circuit with real-time phase correction for frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (2011)

We have developed a wideband phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit with real-time phase correction for high-speed and accurate force measurements by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) in liquid. A high-speed operation of FM-AFM requires the use of a high frequency cantilever which, however, increases frequency-dependent phase delay caused by the signal delay within the cantilever excitation loop. Such phase delay leads to an error in the force measurements by FM-AFM especially with a low Q factor. Here, we present a method to compensate this phase delay in real time. Combined with a wideband PLL using a subtraction-based phase comparator, the method allows to perform an accurate and high-speed force measurement by FM-AFM. We demonstrate the improved performance by applying the developed PLL to three-dimensional force measurements at a mica/water interface.
If a Radical Screams in the Forest, Will She be Heard? (2004)

This article analyzes the San Francisco Chronicle’s coverage of the controversy over logging Headwaters, an ancient redwood forest in northern California. It contends that the Chronicle’s fundamental way of representing reality and judging the legitimacy of claims is through favoring an instrumental over ethical rationality. It concludes that this logic ends up limiting the ways that the main actors (Earth First! and Pacific Lumber) and the controversy itself are framed. This impacts the discursive landscape that the Chronicle creates because those in what Habermas (1984) calls the ‘systems world’ are favored over those in the ‘lifeworld’. The Chronicle’s coverage ends up setting up a set of unwritten criteria that embrace particular values and practices as necessary in order to be taken seriously as a political actor or speaker in relation to this environmental issue. This results from various journalistic routines and frameworks employed for constructing knowledge and legitimating actors and voices.
Detection of Incipient Faults in Distribution Underground Cables (2010)

The incipient faults in underground cables are largely caused by voids in cable insulations or defects in splices or other accessories. This type of fault would repeatedly occur and subsequently develop to a permanent fault sooner or later after its first occurrence. Two algorithms are presented to detect and classify the incipient faults in underground cables at the distribution voltage levels. Based on the methodology of wavelet analysis, one algorithm is to detect the fault-induced transients, and therefore identify the incipient faults. Based on the analysis of the superimposed fault current and negative sequence current in the time domain, the other algorithm is particularly suitable to detect the single-line-to-ground (SLG) incipient faults, which are mostly occurring in underground cables. Both methods are designed to be applied in real systems. Hence, to verify the effectiveness and functionalities of the proposed schemes, different fault conditions, various system configurations, and real field cases are examined and other transients caused by permanent fault, capacitor switching, load changing, etc., are studied as well.
The role of heat shock protein (hsp70) in dendritic cell maturation: Hsp70 induces the maturation of immature dendritic cells but reduces DC differentiation from monocyte precursors (2001)

Members of the heat shock protein (hsp70) family are either constitutively expressed (hsc70) or can be induced by hyperthermic stress (hsp70). Recombinant hsp70 (rhsp70) stimulates cytokine production from monocytes and enhances NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Here we demonstrate that rhsp70 binds to immature dendritic cells (DC) derived from monocyte precursors and induces their maturation as evidenced by an increase in CD40, CD86 and CD83 expression. Immature DC stimulated to mature with rhsp70 show an enhanced ability to present tyrosinase peptide to specific CTL. Mature DC did not bind rhsp70, suggesting a down-regulation in the expression of its receptor. When rhsp70 was added to monocyte precursors at the same time as GM-CSF and IL-4 it reduced the differentiation of monocytes into DC as shown by a decrease in the level of CD40, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR expression and an increase in CD14 expression. The constitutively expressed hsc70 had neither a stimulatory effect on the maturation of immature DC nor did it reduce the differentiation of monocytes into DC. These findings demonstrate the specific ability of rhsp70 to induce the maturation of immature DC. Therefore rhsp70 may be useful for its adjuvant like properties in DC based immunotherapy of certain tumors.
Inhibition of Oxygen Evolution by Cacalol and Its Derivatives (1991)

Abstract The inhibition of ATP synthesis, proton uptake and electron transport (basal, phosphory-lating and uncoupled) from water to methylviologen indicates that cacalol and its derivatives act as electron transport inhibitors. Since on one hand photosystem I is not affected and elec­tron transport from DPC to QA is midly affected and on the other hand the electron transport from water to DCIP, and water to silicomolibdate are inhibited, we conclude that the site of inhibition of cacalol is located at the oxygen evolution level. Cacalol derivatives inhibit elec­tron flow between P680 to QA and probably also the Q B site.
Features of KF and NaF Postdeposition Treatments of Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub>Absorbers for High Efficiency Thin Film Solar Cells (2015)

The introduction of a KF postdeposition treatment (KF PDT) of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films has led to the achievement of several consecutive new world record efficiencies up to 21.7% for the CIGS solar cell technology. The beneficial effect of the KF PDT on the photovoltaic parameters was observed by several groups in spite of differing growth methods of the CIGS layer. For CIGS evaporated at lower temperature on alkali-free, flexible plastic substrates, a postdeposition treatment to add Na was already successfully applied. However, with the introduction of additional KF under comparable conditions, distinctly different influences on the final absorber alkali content as well as surface properties are observed. In this work we discuss in more detail the intrinsically different role of both alkali-treatments by combining several microstructural and compositional analysis methods. The ion exchange of Na by K in the bulk of the absorber is carefully analyzed, and further evidence for the formation of a K-containing layer on the CIGS surface with increased surface reactivity is given. These results shall serve as a basis for the further understanding of the effects of alkali PDT on CIGS and help identify research needs to achieve even higher efficiencies.
On the effect of data set size on bias and variance in classification learning (1999)

With the advent of data mining, machine learning has come of age and is now a critical technology in many businesses. However, machine learning evolved in a different research context to that in which it now finds itself employed. A particularly important problem in the data mining world is working effectively with large data sets. However, most machine learning research has been conducted in the context of learning from very small data sets. To date most approaches to scaling up machine learning to large data sets have attempted to modify existing algorithms to deal with large data sets in a more computationally efficient and effective manner. But is this necessarily the best method? This paper explores the possibility of designing algorithms specifically for large data sets. Specifically, the paper looks at how increasing data set size affects bias and variance error decompositions for classification algorithms. Preliminary results of experiments to determine these effects are presen...
How Transferable Are Features in Convolutional Neural Network Acoustic Models across Languages? (2019)

Characterization of the representations learned in intermediate layers of deep networks can provide valuable insight into the nature of a task and can guide the development of well-tailored learning strategies. Here we study convolutional neural network (CNN)-based acoustic models in the context of automatic speech recognition. Adapting a method proposed by [1], we measure the transferability of each layer between English, Dutch and German to assess their language-specificity. We observed three distinct regions of transferability: (1) the first two layers were entirely transferable between languages, (2) layers 2-8 were also highly transferable but we found some evidence of language specificity, (3) the subsequent fully connected layers were more language specific but could be successfully finetuned to the target language. To further probe the effect of weight freezing, we performed follow-up experiments using freeze-training [2]. Our results are consistent with the observation that CNNs converge `bottom up' during training and demonstrate the benefit of freeze training, especially for transfer learning.
An endogenous circadian rhythm of respiratory control in humans (2000)

Many physiological and behavioural functions have circadian rhythms - endogenous oscillations with a period of approximately 24 h that can occur even in the absence of sleep. We determined whether there is an endogenous circadian rhythm in breathing, metabolism and ventilatory chemosensitivity in humans. Ten healthy, adult males were studied throughout 4 days in a stable laboratory environment. After two initial baseline days (16 h wakefulness plus 8 h sleep) that served to achieve a steady state, subjects were studied under constant behavioural and environmental conditions throughout 41 h of wakefulness. Ventilation, metabolism and the magnitude of the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) were measured every 2 h. Individuals' data were aligned according to circadian phase (core body temperature minimum; CBTmin) and averaged. In the group average data, there was a significant and large amplitude circadian variation in HCVR slope (average of +/-0.4 l min-1 mmHg-1; corresponding to +/-12.1 % of 24 h mean), and a smaller amplitude rhythm in the HCVR x-axis intercept (average of +/-1.1 mmHg; +/-2.1 % of 24 h mean). Despite a significant circadian variation in metabolism (+/-3.2 % of 24 h mean), there were no detectable rhythms in tidal volume, respiratory frequency or ventilation. This small discrepancy between metabolism and ventilation led to a small but significant circadian variation in end-tidal PCO2 (PET,CO2; +/-0.6 mmHg; +/-1.5 % of 24 h mean). The circadian minima of the group-averaged respiratory variables occurred 6-8 h earlier than CBTmin, suggesting that endogenous changes in CBT across the circadian cycle have less of an effect on respiration than equivalent experimentally induced changes in CBT. Throughout these circadian changes, there were no correlations between HCVR parameters (slope or x-axis intercept) and either resting ventilation or resting PET,CO2. This suggests that ventilation and PET,CO2 are little influenced by central chemosensory respiratory control in awake humans even when at rest under constant environmental and behavioural conditions. The characteristic change in PET,CO2 during non-rapid eye movement sleep was shown to be independent of circadian variations in PET,CO2, and probably reflects a change from predominantly behavioural to predominantly chemosensory respiratory control. This study has documented the existence and magnitude of circadian variations in respiration and respiratory control in awake humans for the first time under constant behavioural and environmental conditions. These results provide unique insights into respiratory control in awake humans, and highlight the importance of considering the phase of the circadian cycle in studies of respiratory control.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NEW HETEROCYCLES‐ PART XXI. SYNTHESIS OF SOME QUINAZOLONES (1977)

Abstract Aus dem Anthranilsäureester (I) werden die Chinazolone (II) dargestellt, von denen (IIa) in das N‐Allylderivat (III) übergeführt wird.