gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning price-elasticity of smart consumers in power distribution systems (2012)

Demand Response is an emerging technology which will transform the power grid of tomorrow. It is revolutionary, not only because it will enable peak load shaving and will add resources to manage large distribution systems, but mainly because it will tap into an almost unexplored and extremely powerful pool of resources comprised of many small individual consumers on distribution grids. However, to utilize these resources effectively, the methods used to engage these resources must yield accurate and reliable control. A diversity of methods have been proposed to engage these new resources. As opposed to direct load control, many methods rely on consumers and/or loads responding to exogenous signals, typically in the form of energy pricing, originating from the utility or system operator. Here, we propose an open loop communication-lite method for estimating the price elasticity of many customers comprising a distribution system. We utilize a sparse linear regression method that relies on operator-controlled, inhomogeneous minor price variations, which will be fair to all the consumers. Our numerical experiments show that reliable estimation of individual and thus aggregated instantaneous elasticities is possible. We describe the limits of the reliable reconstruction as functions of the three key parameters of the system: (i) ratio of the number of communication slots (time units) per number of engaged consumers; (ii) level of sparsity (in consumer response); and (iii) signal-to-noise ratio.
Fluorescence Quenching Mechanism of a Polyphenylene Polyelectrolyte with Other Macromolecules:  Cytochrome <i>c</i> and Dendrimers (2005)

This study investigates the fluorescence quenching of a polyphenyl based polyelectrolyte by positively charged macromolecules (proteins and dendrimers). This work shows that the fluorescence quenching of the dendrimer materials does not involve energy transfer or electron transfer but is correlated to the overall charge on the dendrimer and its size. The quenching is hypothesized to result from conformational changes that occur upon binding the polyelectrolyte to the protein or dendrimer. This mechanism is qualitatively different from that invoked for small-molecule analytes.
Global expression analysis of ECL cells in <i>Mastomys natalensis</i> gastric mucosa identifies alterations in the AP-1 pathway induced by gastrin-mediated transformation (2004)

Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia and then irreversible neoplasia can be generated in the African rodent Mastomys natalensis using the H2 receptor blocker, loxtidine, for 8-16 wk. We used a GeneChip approach complemented by standard technologies to identify gene expression alterations in the gastric mucosa during gastrin-mediated ECL cell transformation. Gastric mucosa (mucosal scrapping) and ECL cell-enriched fractions were obtained from untreated Mastomys (controls) and from animals treated with loxtidine for 8 wk (hyperplasia). Tumor ECL cells were obtained by hand-dissection of gastric ECL cell nodules from animals treated with loxtidine for >16 wk and from a spontaneously developed ECL cell tumor. RNA was isolated, examined on rat U34A GeneChips, and comparison analysis was performed to identify altered gene expression. Alterations in gene expressions were examined further by immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR (Q-RT-PCR), sequencing and Western blot. GeneSpring analysis demonstrated alterations in few genes (<20) in hyperplastic and tumor mucosa. The histamine H1 receptor was consistently increased in proliferating mucosa. This gene change was confirmed by Q-RT-PCR. Other genes showing alterations included neural-(chromogranin A and somatostatin), cell-cycle-, and AP-1-associated genes. Immunostaining confirmed alterations in neural markers. Cluster analysis of ECL cell-enriched samples demonstrated that c-fos and junD were differently regulated. Q-RT-PCR and Western blot in prospectively collected gastric mucosal samples confirmed the differential expression of Fos and Jun. The negative regulators of AP-1, JunD, and Menin were decreased in tumor mucosa. A missense of unknown function was noted in the menin gene. Hypergastrinemia in an animal model of gastric carcinoids differentially altered the histamine type 1 receptor and gene expression and protein composition of AP-1. These results suggest that expression of this receptor and an altered composition of AP-1 with a loss of inhibition play a role in ECL cell transformation.
Silicon-on-insulator integrated source of polarization-entangled photons (2013)

We report the experimental generation of polarization-entangled photons at telecommunication wavelengths using spontaneous four-wave mixing in silicon-on-insulator wire waveguides. The key component is a 2D coupler that transforms path entanglement into polarization entanglement at the output of the device. Using quantum state tomography we find that the produced state has fidelity 88% with a pure nonmaximally entangled state. The produced state violates the CHSH Bell inequality by S=2.37 ± 0.19.
[Estimation of medroxyprogesterone acetate against a human endometrial tumor constituted from the established Ishikawa cancer cells by a subrenal capsule assay]. (1992)

In order to establish a sensitivity test system for the evaluation of anti-cancer hormonal agents, we tried a long-term subrenal capsule (SRC) assay, using nude mice with a transplanted solid tumor of endometrial cancer cells (Ishikawa's line). Unlike DNA-affecting agents, anti-cancer hormonal agents exert cytostatic effects rather than cytocidal effects, and their evaluation in a short period is considered to be inaccurate. Our test system is somewhat difficult in terms of technique, but it is useful since it can (1) evaluate the agents in the relatively short period of 28 days and (2) compare the cytostatic anti-tumor efficacy of two or more agents under the same conditions. The rate of successful tumor transplantation in nude mice in our system is very high, i.e., more than 90%. Although there are some points which need improvement, our system is considered to be useful as an assay system for the development of anti-cancer hormonal agents and other similar chemotherapeutic agents for cancers. When medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was evaluated by means of this system, the administration period, as well as the dosage, was found to be important.
Low-loss optical waveguides in lithium tantalate by vapor diffusion (1987)

Planar and channel optical waveguides have been produced in Y-cut LiTaO3 substrates by zinc diffusion from the gaseous phase at 800 °C. Prism coupler measurements on planar waveguides diffused for 6 h indicate effective index changes of 0.0063 and 0.0033 for TE and TM polarizations, respectively, with effective diffusion depths of 3.5 and 3.9 μm for the two polarizations. Losses in channel waveguides at 0.633 μm wavelength were 1.0±0.2 dB/cm for TE polarized fields, as compared with 4.7±1.0 dB/cm measured on companion samples produced by the conventional Ti indiffusion process at 1150 °C. Electro-optic modulation has been demonstrated in channel waveguide interferometers produced by this technique. Based on electron microprobe analysis, a surface Zn concentration of ∼1.3×1021 cm−3 has been determined.
Fabrication of Responsive, Softening Neural Interfaces (2012)

Abstract A novel processing method is described using photolithography to pattern thin‐film flexible electronics on shape memory polymer substrates with mechanical properties tailored to improve biocompatability and enhance adhesion between the polymer substrate and metal layers. Standard semiconductor wafer processing techniques are adapted to enable robust device design onto a variety of softening substrates with tunable moduli. The resulting devices are stiff enough (shear modulus of ≈700 MPa) to assist with device implantation and then soften in vivo (≈300 kPa) approaching the modulus of brain tissue (≈10 kPa) within 24 h. Acute in vivo studies demonstrate that these materials are capable of recording neural activity. Softening multi‐electrode arrays offer a highly customizable interface, which can be optimized to improve biocompatibility, enabling the development of robust, reliable neural electrodes for neural engineering and neuroscience.
Multilayer thin-film substrate for multichip packaging (2003)

Multilayer thin-film module technologies for high-performance multiple-chip module (MCM) packaging were developed and integrated. The technologies, which feature four copper layers, polyimide dielectric, controlled impedance-transmission lines, and solder-bump assembly, were demonstrated on a variety of vehicles including a 4K RAM module operating above 10-MHz clock frequency. The generic MCM substrate technology is described. The process can be designed to be compatible with a number of substrate materials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adelanto de la pubertad en Chile y el mundo (2006)

The menarche age has fallen since last century to 1960s or 1970s, related to the improvement in children health. This phenomenon has been known as the secular trend of menarche. However, during the last 30 years, menarche age has remain stable in Chile and European countries. In contrast, thelarche age has fallen during the last 3 decades, becoming frequent that girls younger than 8 years-old have isolate breast development in Chile and worldwide. In boys, there is no convincing evidence of an earlier sexual development. We discuss the etiology of early pubertal development and factors that should be considered to decide an eventual treatment.
Leveraging the Ubiquitous Web as a Secure Context-aware Platform for Adaptive Applications (2012)

Abstract—The availability as well as diversity of connected devices has turned the Internet into a ubiquitous concept. In addition to desktop and laptop PCs, the Internet also connects numerous mobile devices, home entertainment systems, and even in-car units. Various new types software applications arise, trying to make optimal use of this trend. However, as the fragmentation of devices and platforms grows, application developers are increasingly facing the need to cover a wider variety of target devices. Maintaining a viable balance between development costs and market coverage has turned out to be a challenging issue when developing applications for such a ubiquitous ecosystem. In this paper, we present the Webinos approach, a distributed web runtime that adaptively leverages the device-independent characteristics of the Web. By introduc-ing the concept of context-aware Personal Zones, the Webinos platform aims to facilitate the development of self-adaptive and immersive applications, optimized for ubiquitous computing environments. Keywords-ubiquitous web; context-aware platform; dis-tributed runtime; adaptive applications; webinos I.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Virtual Reality-Graded Exposure Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Active Duty Service Members with Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (2011)

Abstract Virtual reality (VR)-based therapy has emerged as a potentially useful means to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but randomized studies have been lacking for Service Members from Iraq or Afghanistan. This study documents a small, randomized, controlled trial of VR-graded exposure therapy (VR-GET) versus treatment as usual (TAU) for PTSD in Active Duty military personnel with combat-related PTSD. Success was gauged according to whether treatment resulted in a 30 percent or greater improvement in the PTSD symptom severity as assessed by the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) after 10 weeks of treatment. Seven of 10 participants improved by 30 percent or greater while in VR-GET, whereas only 1 of the 9 returning participants in TAU showed similar improvement. This is a clinically and statistically significant result (χ(2) = 6.74, p < 0.01, relative risk 3.2). Participants in VR-GET improved an average of 35 points on the CAPS, whereas those in TAU averaged a 9-point improvement (p < 0.05). The results are limited by small size, lack of blinding, a single therapist, and comparison to a relatively uncontrolled usual care condition, but did show VR-GET to be a safe and effective treatment for combat-related PTSD.
Engine Bearing Oil Film Thickness Measurement and Oil Rheologh - an ASTM Task Force Report (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Task Force was formed in 1984 to: 1) establish a series of reference oils, 2) measure the minimum bearing oil film thicknesses provided by the oils in fired engines, and 3) interpret the results in terms of oil rheological properties. Minimum oil film thickness (MOFT) measurement and analysis techniques using a capacitance method were developed. At steady-state operating conditions, laboratories evaluated a matrix of eighteen monograde and multigrade oils, blended with four widely-used viscosity index improvers (VIIs). Analyses showed increasingly better correlations between MOFTs and viscosities of both single grade and multigrade oils as temperatures and shear rates used to calculate viscosities more-closely approximated in-bearing conditions.</div>
A high efficiency superconducting nanowire single electron detector (2010)

We report the detection of single electrons using a Nb0.7Ti0.3N superconducting wire deposited on an oxidized silicon substrate. While it is known that this device is sensitive to single photons, we show that it also detects single electrons with kilo-electron-volt energy emitted from the cathode of a scanning electron microscope with an efficiency approaching unity. The electron and photon detection efficiency map of the same device are in good agreement. We also observe detection events outside the active area of the device, which we attribute to sensitivity to backscattered electrons.
Isolation of 10-hydroxypheophorbide a as a photosensitizing pigment from alcohol-treated Chlorella cells. (1982)

A new pigment causing intense photosensitivity in rats was isolated from alcohol-treated Chlorella cells and identified as 10-hydroxypheophorbide a by chemical analysis, chromatography, and visible, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy methods. When rats administered orally with this pigment were exposed immediately to the visible light, signs of the intense photosensitivity including death occurred after a few hours of photoirradiation. The photosensitizing activity of this pigment in rats was markedly higher than those of pheophorbide a from Chlorella cells and pyropheophorbide a from pickled greens. Chlorophylls a and b, pheophytin a, and methyl and ethyl pheophorbides a were inactive under the same experimental conditions
Removal of Alpha-Gal Epitopes from Porcine Aortic Valve and Pericardium using Recombinant Human Alpha Galactosidase A (2009)

It has been reported that the immune response due to alpha-Gal epitopes is an important factor in tissue valve failure. The elimination of the interaction between the natural anti-Gal antibodies and alpha-gal epitopes on the xenografts is a prerequisite to the success of xenografts in humans. Previously, we reported that the green coffee bean alpha-galactosidase could remove all alpha-Gal epitopes from cell surface of porcine aortic valve and pericardial tissue, but it has limitations on cost effectiveness. In this study we wanted to know whether the recently produced recombinant human alpha-galactosidase A has the same effective enzymatic activity as green coffee bean alpha-galactosidase in removing alpha-Gal epitopes from the same tissues. After treating fresh porcine aortic valve and pericardial tissue with recombinant alpha-galactosidase A, each sample was stained with Griffonia simplicifolia type I isolectin B4 indirect immunoperoxidase avidin-biotin technique. We then examined whether the alpha-Gal epitopes were reduced or abolished in each consecutive concentration of recombinant alpha-galactosidase A by comparing the degree of the Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 staining. As a result, the recombinant alpha-galactosidase A could remove cell surface alpha-Gals on porcine aortic valve and pericardial tissue as effectively as green coffee bean alpha-galactosidase.
Vulnerability scanning for buffer overflow (2004)

With new applications being launched each day, the number of vulnerabilities to attack increases. Attackers find new ways to attack any application they come across. Some attacks are successful because the application is vulnerable due to the vulnerabilities in files assisting in the proper functioning of the application. Although the area of attacks is vast, buffer overflow attacks form the basis for most attacks. Hence it would be a great boon to the software industry if their products were made secure from buffer overflow attacks. This paper introduces a tool, which is used to locate vulnerable files, which in turn have been the root cause for buffer overflow.
Report from the World Health Organization's Product Development for Vaccines Advisory Committee (PDVAC) meeting, Geneva, 7–9th Sep 2015 (2016)

There are more vaccines in development, against a greater number of pathogens, than ever before. A challenge with this exceptional level of activity and investment is how to select and resource the most promising approaches to have the most significant impact on public health. The WHO Product Development for Vaccines Advisory Committee (PDVAC) was established in 2014 to provide strategic advice and recommendations to WHO for vaccines in clinical development that could have a significant impact on public health in low and middle income countries. On 7-9th September 2015, PDVAC was convened for the second time, when the committee reviewed vaccine developments in 24 disease areas. This report summarises the key recommendations from that consultation.
Excellent reverse blocking characteristics of high-voltage 4H-SiC Schottky rectifiers with boron-implanted edge termination (1996)

Edge-terminated high-voltage Ti/4H-SiC Schottky rectifiers were successfully fabricated by using highly resistive layers at the periphery of Schottky contacts. The highly resistive layers were formed by B/sup +/ implantation followed by a heat treatment to improve the crystallinity of implanted layers. Utilizing these layers for the edge termination of 4H-SiC Schottky rectifiers, the reverse blocking characteristics were significantly improved in comparison with the rectifiers without edge termination, and a high-blocking voltage over 1100 V (the maximum: 1750 V) was achieved. The temperature dependence of the reverse-blocking characteristics was investigated, and high temperature operation even at 150/spl deg/C was demonstrated with a blocking voltage over 1100 V.
Increased rate of adenosine triphosphate-dependent etoposide (VP-16) efflux in a murine leukemia cell line overexpressing the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) gene. (1995)

WEHI-3B/NOVO is a cloned murine leukemia cell line selected for resistance to novobiocin that is cross-resistant to the cytotoxic action of etoposide (VP-16) and to a lesser extent to a variety of other topoisomerase II (topo II)-reactive drugs. We have reported previously (Cancer Res. 52: 2782-2790, 1992) that WEHI-3B/NOVO cells exhibit a pronounced decrease in VP-16 induced DNA-topo II cross-link formation compared to the parental WEHI-3B/S cell line in intact cells, in the absence of a significant difference in the P4 unknotting activity of topo II assayed in nuclear extracts. Because the pattern of cross-resistance was suggestive of a topo II-mediated mechanism, we have ascertained whether a change in topo II can account for the multidrug-resistant phenotype of WEHI-3B/NOVO cells. No differences existed between WEHI-3B/S and WEHI-3B/NOVO cells in topo II mRNA and protein levels, as well as in the amount of topo II associated with the nuclear matrix. Neither sensitive nor resistant cells expressed detectable levels of the MDR1 gene; however, VP-16 accumulation in WEHI-3B/NOVO cells was 3-4-fold less than that present in WEHI-3B/S cells, whereas doxorubicin accumulation was the same in both cell lines. Over the first 60 s, no difference existed in the rate of uptake of VP-16 between parental and resistant cells; however, beyond the first 60 s of incubation, [3H]VP-16 accumulated to a greater extent in parental sensitive cells. Thus, an increased rate of efflux of VP-16 was responsible for the lower steady-state concentration of the drug in resistant cells. The efflux Km for VP-16 in WEHI-3B/NOVO cells was 254.7 microM and the Vmax was 10.4 pmol/s/10(7) cells. In the presence of the inhibitors of energy metabolism, sodium azide and deoxyglucose, the efflux of VP-16 was markedly inhibited; readdition of glucose restored the original efflux rate. Northern blot analyses using the human 10.1 probe for the 3'-terminal region of the multidrug-resistance protein (MRP) cDNA revealed a mRNA species of approximately 6 kb in WEHI-3B/NOVO cells but not in WEHI-3B/S cells. Overexpression was associated with amplification of the cognate gene. To ascertain whether the overexpressed gene in WEHI-3B/NOVO cells was the murine MRP or a different member of the same superfamily of ATP-binding ABC cassette transporters, a 341-bp MRP cDNA probe was generated from a murine genomic library.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
New twists on H2A.Z: a histone variant with a controversial structural and functional past (2004)

Integration of histone variants into chromatin organization allows for functional specification of chromatin regions. Recent functional analyses of H2A.Z have ascribed to it a multiplicity of complex and often opposing roles in developmental and homeostatic regulation. However, although the manner in which this essential histone variant is able to mediate its effects is not entirely well understood, current work has sought to investigate its mode of action. It is becoming increasingly clear that H2A.Z does not necessarily act independently, but rather, in conjunction with trans-acting factors to elicit chromatin changes. The nature of these structural changes has remained somewhat controversial but nevertheless exemplifies the seemingly multifaceted nature of H2A.Z.
Isolation and characterization of TH2A, a germ cell-specific variant of histone 2A in rat testis. (1982)

The histones of mammalian testis nuclei are much more complex than those of somatic tissue nuclei, and their resolution into variants can be greatly improved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of Triton X-100.A previously unidentified germ cellspecific variant, THBA, has been isolated in pure form and characterized by analysis of its amino acids and tryptic peptides as a variant of H2A.The electrophoretic mobility of TH2A is similar to H2A.1 on Tritonacid-urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, but more like H2B on acid-urea gels.TH2A first appears in the testis of 16-day-old rats, a time that coincides with the appearance of primary spermatocytes in the maturing testis, and with further germ cell development the level of TH2A increases.Synthesis of testis histones, as measured by tritiated amino acid incorporation into histones in vivo, was studied using highly purified pachytene spermatocytes (98%) and early spermatids (97%) obtained by elutriation and Percoll density gradient centrifugation.Negligible synthesis of any histone was detectable in the early spermatids.In con- trast, high rates of synthesis of THSA, as well as the somatic forms, H2A.1 and H2A.2, were observed in pachytene spermatocytes.Thus, it is apparent that TH2A synthesis in pachytene spermatocytes is not solely for replacement of the somatic H2A forms by a germ cell-specific variant in chromatin.The testis-enriched histone, X2 (Branson, R. E.,