gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized Weber Problem with Rectangular Regions (1982)

The problem of locating one or more new facilities relative to a number of existing rectangular regions is treated for the case where the rectilinear norm is used. The new facilities are to be located such that the total weighted distance is minimized. If there is interfacility interaction among the new facilities, a gradient-free nonlinear search algorithm is utilized. Computational experience suggests that this algorithm is expedient even in the solution of large problems.
Precancerous lesions of oral mucosa (2014)

Precancerous lesions of oral mucosa, known as potentially malignant disorders in recent years, are consists of a group of diseases, which should be diagnosed in the early stage. Oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral erythroplakia are the most common oral mucosal diseases that have a very high malignant transformation rate. Oral lichen planus is one of the potentially malignant disorders that may be seen in six different subtypes including papular, reticular, plaque-like, atrophic, erosive, and bullous type, clinically. Atrophic and erosive subtypes have the greater increased malignant transformation risk compared to another subtypes. Although there are various etiological studies, the etiology of almost all these diseases is not fully understood. Geographically, etiologic factors may vary. The most frequently reported possible factors are tobacco use, alcohol drinking, chewing of betel quid containing areca nut, and solar rays. Early diagnosis is very important and can be lifesaving, because in late stages, they may be progressed to severe dysplasia and even carcinoma in situ and/or squamous cell carcinoma. For most diseases, treatment results are not satisfactory in spite of miscellaneous therapies. While at the forefront of surgical intervention, topical and systemic treatment alternatives such as corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and retinoids are widely used.
GRAS: An Adaptive Personalization Scheme for Hypermedia Databases. (1997)

In this paper we present a new personalisation algorithm for hypermedia databases, called GRAS (Gaussian Rating Adaptation Scheme), which combines content-based and social filtering. The goal is to filter documents retrieved by a query according to the personal interest of the user and to sort them according to their relevance. GRAS is based on ideas about human taste originating in cognitive science and techniques used in marketing. The algorithm makes the benefits of social filtering available to situations where social filtering could not be applied due to lack of a critical mass of users or improper content structure. The algorithm collects background information about the user and the content by implicit and explicit feedback techniques. This information is then used to consecutively adapt user- and object profiles using a user model based on cognitive psychology. The algorithm is applicable for the personalisation of any kind of multimedia data and any application domain. GRAS is...
A deformable mirror-based optical beamforming system for phased array antennas (1990)

Microwave carrier generation along with the signal processing required for dynamic beamsteering of a high-resolution phased array antenna with an arbitrary radiation pattern is accomplished using optical components. It is shown that a deformable mirror type spatial light modulator can establish a truly arbitrary continuous optical phasefront which is directly converted to spatial RF phase information by an optical heterodyne system. Experimental results simulating the performance of the actual system are presented. A spatially integrated optical implementation providing mechanical stability and essentially eliminating the drift problems usually encountered in free space systems is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Leveraging a low pressure thermal module to meet the challenges of advanced device manufacturing (2005)

Fulfilling the needs of advanced semiconductor device manufacturing presents continued challenges to the developers and manufacturers of capital equipment. More than twenty years of RTP equipment evolution and development has resulted in the availability of a select few technologies that are capable of delivering the demanding performance required to manufacturer today's advanced semiconductor devices. This paper describes the development and characterization of a new low pressure RTP process module that was developed to fulfil some specific needs. With the use of proven existing thermal processing technology, the design, development, characterization and qualification of this module for device manufacturing was done in a very short period of time.
MULTI-MODAL FACE AND SPEAKER IDENTIFICATION ON A HANDHELD DEVICE (2003)

In general, most systems for face and speaker identification are tested on high quality data collected in well-lit and quiet environments. In this study, we investigate the application of existing face and speaker identification techniques to the task of user authentication on a handheld device. In this context, the audio/visual capture hardware is of lower quality than equipment typically used in laboratory experiments. Additionally, variable background conditions which can degrade the audio/visual signal may be present. These factors can be expected to harm the performance of the system. Under these circumstances, using a combination of biometric modalities can improve the robustness and accuracy of the person identification task. In this paper, we present our approach for combining both face and speaker identification technologies on a handheld device, and experimentally demonstrate a fused multi-modal system which achieves a 90% reduction in equal error rate over the better of the two independent systems.
An Adaptive Sampling Algorithm for Solving Markov Decision Processes (2005)

Based on recent results for multiarmed bandit problems, we propose an adaptive sampling algorithm that approximates the optimal value of a finite-horizon Markov decision process (MDP) with finite state and action spaces. The algorithm adaptively chooses which action to sample as the sampling process proceeds and generates an asymptotically unbiased estimator, whose bias is bounded by a quantity that converges to zero at rate (ln N)/N, where N is the total number of samples that are used per state sampled in each stage. The worst-case running-time complexity of the algorithm is O((|A|N) H ), independent of the size of the state space, where |A| is the size of the action space and H is the horizon length. The algorithm can be used to create an approximate receding horizon control to solve infinite-horizon MDPs. To illustrate the algorithm, computational results are reported on simple examples from inventory control.
Development of a Micro-Retarding Potential Analyzer for High-Density Flowing Plasmas (2005)

"The development of Retarding Potential Analyzers (RPAs) capable of measuring high-density stationary and flowing plasmas is presented. These new plasma diagnostics address the limitations of existing RPAs and can operate in plasmas with electron densities in excess of 1x1018 m-3. Such plasmas can be produced by high-powered Hall Thrusters, Pulsed Plasma Thrusters (PPTs), and other plasma sources. The Single-Channel micro-Retarding Potential Analyzer (SC-microRPA) developed has a minimum channel diameter of 200 microns, electrode spacing on the sub-millimeter scale and can operate in plasmas with densities of up to 1x1017 m-3. The electrode series consists of 100 micron thick molybdenum electrodes and Teflon insulating spacers. The alignment process of the channel, as well as the design and fabrication of the stainless steel outer housing, the Delrin insulating tube, and all other microRPA components are detailed. To expand the applicability of the SC-microRPA to densities above 1x1018 m-3 a low transparency Microchannel Plate (MCP) has been incorporated in the design of a Multi-Channel micro-Retarding Potential Analyzer (MC-microRPA). The current collection theory for the SC-microRPA and the MC-microRPA is also derived. The theory is applicable to microRPAs with arbitrary channel length to diameter ratios and accounts for the reduction of ion flux due to the microchannel plate in the case of the MC-microRPA, due to absorption of ions by channel walls, and due to the applied potential. Current-voltage curves are obtained for incoming plasma flows that range from near-stationary to hypersonic, with temperatures in the range of 0.1 to 10 eV, and densities in the range of 1x1015 m-3 to 1x1021 m-3. The SC-microRPA current collection theory is validated by comparisons with the classical RPA theory and particle-in-cell simulations. Determination of unknown plasma properties is based on a fuzzy-logic approach that uses the generated current-voltage curves as lookup tables."
L'impossible réforme du système monétaire international (1986)

The Impossible Reform of the International Monetary System, by Pierre Jacquet Long a mysterious domain reserved for experts, nowadays the workings of the International Monetary System frequently make headline news. Due to the unsteadiness which has characterised the System since the early 1980s, debate on the need for its reform has corne to the forefront, and a fairly general consensus has been reached on the desirability of returning to more stable exchange rates. However, the problem remains unresolved. Aside from the longstanding debate between those favouring fixed as against fluctuating rates, there is a new and urgent dimension, which should be taken into account, in international finance and money markets. This is the increased mobility of private capital resulting from the growing integration of financial markets, which is a source of greater interdependence between nations.
Estrogen Therapy and Cognition: A Review of the Cholinergic Hypothesis (2010)

The pros and cons of estrogen therapy for use in postmenopausal women continue to be a major topic of debate in women's health. Much of this debate focuses on the potential benefits vs. harm of estrogen therapy on the brain and the risks for cognitive impairment associated with aging and Alzheimer's disease. Many animal and human studies suggest that estrogens can have significant beneficial effects on brain aging and cognition and reduce the risk of Alzheimer's-related dementia; however, others disagree. Important discoveries have been made, and hypotheses have emerged that may explain some of the inconsistencies. This review focuses on the cholinergic hypothesis, specifically on evidence that beneficial effects of estrogens on brain aging and cognition are related to interactions with cholinergic projections emanating from the basal forebrain. These cholinergic projections play an important role in learning and attentional processes, and their function is known to decline with advanced age and in association with Alzheimer's disease. Evidence suggests that many of the effects of estrogens on neuronal plasticity and function and cognitive performance are related to or rely upon interactions with these cholinergic projections; however, studies also suggest that the effectiveness of estrogen therapy decreases with age and time after loss of ovarian function. We propose a model in which deficits in basal forebrain cholinergic function contribute to age-related changes in the response to estrogen therapy. Based on this model, we propose that cholinergic-enhancing drugs, used in combination with an appropriate estrogen-containing drug regimen, may be a viable therapeutic strategy for use in older postmenopausal women with early evidence of mild cognitive decline.
Low molecular weight carbohydrates from leguminous seeds; a new disaccharide: Galactopinitol (1978)

Abstract Twelve mature leguminous seed crops were extracted with 70% ethanol, and their low molecular weight carbohydrates estimated by gas chromatography. Pinitol (3‐ O ‐methyl‐D‐chiro‐inositol) and three isomers of a new disaccharide, α‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐pinitol, for which the name galactopinitol is proposed, were isolated from soya beans ( Glycine max ). Pinitol and galactopinitol were also identified in chick peas ( Cicer arietinum L.), lentils ( Lens esculenta ) and beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Their amounts ranged from 0.2 to 0.9% and 0.03 to 0.8% of dry weight respectively. The possible role of galactopinitol in biosynthesis of the sugars of the raffinose family and in flatulence is discussed.
Three-Dimensional Face Reconstruction From a Single Image by a Coupled RBF Network (2012)

Reconstruction of a 3-D face model from a single 2-D face image is fundamentally important for face recognition and animation because the 3-D face model is invariant to changes of viewpoint, illumination, background clutter, and occlusions. Given a coupled training set that contains pairs of 2-D faces and the corresponding 3-D faces, we train a novel coupled radial basis function network (C-RBF) to recover the 3-D face model from a single 2-D face image. The C-RBF network explores: 1) the intrinsic representations of 3-D face models and those of 2-D face images; 2) mappings between a 3-D face model and its intrinsic representation; and 3) mappings between a 2-D face image and its intrinsic representation. Since a particular face can be reconstructed by its nearest neighbors, we can assume that the linear combination coefficients for a particular 2-D face image reconstruction are identical to those for the corresponding 3-D face model reconstruction. Therefore, we can reconstruct a 3-D face model by using a single 2-D face image based on the C-RBF network. Extensive experimental results on the BU3D database indicate the effectiveness of the proposed C-RBF network for recovering the 3-D face model from a single 2-D face image.
High dose gammaglobulin treatment for atopic dermatitis. (1994)

Patients with both severe atopic dermatitis and Kawasaki disease or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were treated with high dose intravenous gammaglobulin. There was a marked improvement in the dermatitis.
A 16mm Color Internegative Film for Use in Color Motion-Picture Photography (1956)

A color film for making 16mm motion-picture internegatives from Kodachrome and other reversal originals is described. From these internegatives, release prints on color positive film, such as Eastman Color Print Film, Type 7382, can be produced. The internegative film contains colored couplers to provide masking for improvement in color reproduction. The structure of the film and its processing, sensitometric and printing characteristics are described.
Electron transfer spectra of lanthanide complexes (1962)

Abstract Moderately strong, very broad absorption bands observed in dilute lanthanide bromide solutions in nearly anhydrous ethanol are interpreted as electron transfer from the highest filled M.O. to the partly filled 4f shell in the case of Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III), Tm(III) and Yb(III). Good agreement is obtained with a theory taking its parameters from the internal 4f transitions. Electron transfer bands are also observed for Eu(III) and Yb(III) dialkyldithiocarbamates, and the narrow bands of similar Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III) and Eu(III) complexes are briefly discussed. Relatively narrow 4f→5d transitions are observed in the Ce(III), Pr(III) and Tb(III) bromide solutions and related to the same theory. As expected, no bands are observed for Gd(III), Dy(III), Ho(III), Er(III) and Lu(III).
Eigenvalue calibration method for 3 × 3 Mueller polarimeters (2019)

3×3 Mueller polarimetry has shown potential for tissue characterization applications, however, calibration has not been fully addressed. We demonstrate a 3×3 Mueller polarimeter eigenvalue calibration method, inspired by those for full Mueller polarimeters. We also investigate the optimal combination of calibration measurements. Our method does not rely on modeling the polarization state generator, polarization state analyzer, or precise knowledge of calibration sample properties or orientations. It is therefore easy to implement, and the experimental results of a linear polarizer test sample, as well as a biological specimen, are presented.
[The problems of surgical tactics in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts and related complications]. (1978)

Using an ultra sensitive torque magnetometer we performed magnetic moment measurements on a sample contg. 29 layers of self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum rings. These strongly non-ideal rings, in fact they more resembling nanovolcanoes, show a surprisingly high magnetic moment signal corresponding to a single electron persistent current of about 0.2µA. The predictions of our theor. model, based solely on X-STM measurements, is in good agreement with our expts. [on SciFinder (R)]
Hybrid Density Functional Calculations and Molecular Dynamics Study of Lithium Fluorosulphate, A Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2011)

In this paper, we use hybrid density functional theory to calculate the electronic structure of lithium fluorosulphate (LiFeSO4F), which has been found recently to be an excellent cathode material for lithium-ion batteries by Recham et al. (Nat. Mater.2010, 9, 68). We calculate the average intercalation voltage of the corresponding battery, and we also analyze the electron charge distribution through Bader's analysis. Our results are in good agreement with the available experimental values. Then we studied the Li-diffusion in lithium fluorosulphate with ab initio molecular dynamics and found it to be three-dimensional.
4‐Aminopyridine improves clinical signs in multiple sclerosis (1987)

Twelve temperature-sensitive male patients with multiple sclerosis and 5 normal men were monitored before, during, and after the intravenous injection of 7 to 35 mg of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in 1- to 5-mg doses, every 10 to 60 minutes. Static quantitative perimetry, flicker-fusion frequency, visual acuity, and videotaped neurological examinations were performed. Ten of the 12 patients showed mild to marked improvement. Vision improved in 7 patients, oculomotor function in 5, and motor function (power, coordination, gait) in 5. Improvements developed gradually within minutes of drug injection at doses as low as 2 mg, and gradually reversed around 2 to 4 hours after the peak drug effect. No effects were observed in 5 patients given saline injections. No serious side effects occurred in either the normal subjects or the patients receiving 4-AP. It is concluded that 4-AP lessens multiple neurological deficits in multiple sclerosis and, furthermore, that the K+ channel is functional in demyelinated central nervous system axons in humans. The improvements with 4-AP are substantial enough to be of transient therapeutic benefit in selected patients.
Efficient Recognition of Authentic Dynamic Facial Expressions on the Feedtum Database (2006)

In order to allow for fast recognition of a user's affective state we discuss innovative holistic and self organizing approaches for efficient facial expression analysis. The feature set is thereby formed by global descriptors and MPEG based DCT coefficients. In view of subsequent classification we compare modeling by pseudo multidimensional hidden Markov models and support vector machines. Within the latter case super-vectors are constructed based on sequential floating search methods. Extensive test-runs as a proof of concept are carried out on our publicly available FEEDTUM database consisting of elicited spontaneous emotions of 18 subjects within the MPEG-4 emotion-set plus added neutrality. Maximum recognition performance reaches the benchmark-rate gained by a human perception test with 20 test-persons and manifest the effectiveness of the introduced novel concepts
Phytochromes and Cryptochromes in the Entrainment of the <i>Arabidopsis</i> Circadian Clock (1998)

Circadian clocks are synchronized by environmental cues such as light. Photoreceptor-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants were used to measure the effect of light fluence rate on circadian period in plants. Phytochrome B is the primary high-intensity red light photoreceptor for circadian control, and phytochrome A acts under low-intensity red light. Cryptochrome 1 and phytochrome A both act to transmit low-fluence blue light to the clock. Cryptochrome 1 mediates high-intensity blue light signals for period length control. The presence of cryptochromes in both plants and animals suggests that circadian input pathways have been conserved throughout evolution.
Peptide Nucleic Acid Conjugates: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (2005)

Artificial control of gene expression has great potential in the treatment of many human diseases, and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) offer several potential advantages for silencing gene expression in mammalian cells. The pseudopeptide backbone of the PNA makes it resistant to enzymatic degradation, and PNAs bind complementary DNA and RNA with high affinity and specificity. PNAs are potentially leading agents for antigene and antisense therapeutics, but the application of PNAs in the in vivo setting is hampered by their poor intracellular delivery. This problem has been addressed by PNA conjugation to lipophilic moieties, peptides, and cell-specific receptor ligands. The biological activity of PNAs can also benefit from conjugation to DNA interactive compounds like intercalators and alkylators. Here we review the most interesting literature concerning PNA conjugation with small molecules, emphasizing synthetic approaches, properties and applications of the PNA conjugates.
Educational technology for collaborative virtual environments (2008)

3D information systems for education must be investigated and adopted for a more involving form of learning. It is in this context that we propose the use of Second Life as an environment for collaborative learning and generation of new educational content. Second Life is a simulator of real life and relationships, an entirely three-dimensional virtual world. There, besides interacting with users from the whole world in real time, it is also possible to create one's own objects and businesses, and generate new alternatives of content, exchange of information, and learning.
Nanosphere-mediated delivery of vitamin E increases its efficacy against oxidative stress resulting from exposure to amyloid beta (2005)

Oxidative stress is an early hallmark of affected neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The antioxidant vitamin E provided limited neuroprotection in AD, which may have derived from its lipophilic nature and resultant inability to quench cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS), including those generated from antecedent membrane oxidative damage. We examined herein whether or not encapsulation into polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based nanospheres, which can enter the cytosol, improved the efficacy of vitamin E against amyloid-beta(Abeta)-induced ROS. Unexcapsulated vitamin E prevented Abeta-induced ROS in cultured SH-SY-5Y human neuroblastoma cells only if present prior to, or applied simultaneously with, Abeta treatment. By contrast, encapsulated vitamin E was equally effective if administered 1 hr after Abeta exposure. These findings suggest suggests that nanosphere-mediated delivery methods may be a useful adjunct for antioxidant therapy in AD.