gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Card-Present Transactions on the Internet Using the Smart Card Web Server (2013)

Purchasing over the Internet is not limited to traditional computers, and nowadays a person is able to shop from her mobile equipment. However, identity theft and credit/debit card fraud deter some potential customers, or limit their activity. Customers' privacy is threatened in several ways, including malware that directly targets their computers/mobile equipment and from attacks that target merchant infrastructure and databases. In this paper we propose a new way for a user to pay for goods ordered online, which is based on the use of a Smart Card Web Server (SCWS), hosted either on a phone Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) or in a traditional credit/debit card. It would mean that a customer never submits card details via the Internet and is only required to remember a PIN, and for merchants the responsibility to store/protect customer card details is avoided. Overall the privacy for customer data is enhanced by this proposal.
Sensitized photoisomerization of cis-stilbazoliumions intercalated in saponite clay layers (1998)

Sensitized photoisomerization of the cis-stilbazolium ion 1 by ruthenium tris-2,2′-bipyridine [Ru(bpy)32+] was studied in saponite clay layers. The reaction yield was 100 times higher than the reaction yield in a homogeneous solution. The Stern–Volmer constant of the luminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ by 1 was 3.4×105 d mol-1, which made the quenching rate constant faster than the diffusion limiting rate. The fast quenching rate implies a static quenching by 1 in the vicinity of Ru(bpy)32+. The reaction efficiency showed a maximum when 70 mol% of 1 was intercalated on the basis of the cation exchange capacity (CEC), where the ruthenium complex and 1 are suitably arranged in the saponite layer for effective photoelectron transfer and subsequent electron relay.
Enzymes with lid-gated active sites must operate by an induced fit mechanism instead of conformational selection (2008)

The induced fit and conformational selection/population shift models are two extreme cases of a continuum aimed at understanding the mechanism by which the final key-lock or active enzyme conformation is achieved upon formation of the correctly ligated enzyme. Structures of complexes representing the Michaelis and enolate intermediate complexes of the reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase provide direct structural evidence for the encounter complex that is intrinsic to the induced fit model and not required by the conformational selection model. In addition, the structural data demonstrate that the conformational selection model is not sufficient to explain the correlation between dynamics and catalysis in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and other enzymes in which the transition between the uninduced and the induced conformations occludes the active site from the solvent. The structural data are consistent with a model in that the energy input from substrate association results in changes in the free energy landscape for the protein, allowing for structural transitions along an induced fit pathway.
Noncritically phase-matched second-harmonic generation in cesium lithium borate (2003)

Efficient generation of 236-nm light was demonstrated by use of noncritically phase-matched second-harmonic generation in cesium lithium borate. Noncritical phase matching provided approximately 20x the nonlinear drive for second-harmonic generation than beta-barium borate for 236-nm generation. The 236-nm wavelength is the fourth harmonic of a 946-nm Nd:YAG laser. Phase matching was accomplished at a crystal temperature of -15 degrees C.
Support for Community Knowledge Sharing with Associative Representation and Talking-Virtualized-Egos Metaphor (2001)

We developed a system called CoMeMo-Community that supports community knowledge sharing, which uses a Talking-Virtualized-Egos (TVE) metaphor. The virtualized ego is a software agent that functions as an alter-ego. It works as a medium for conveying one’s knowledge to others by interacting with other visualized egos or community members over a network. This interaction among virtualized egos visualizes knowledge interaction in a community. We performed an experiment to examine the following three features: (a)how people generate associative representation from ideas, (b)how community knowledge evolves by people expressing their own and others’ ideas clearly, and (d)how people act in such a knowledgecreating process.The subjects were 45 students who took a lecture on artificial intelligence at our institute. In this four-week experiment, we observed the following: (a)Community knowledge building: Some subjects created new information based on the information published using other subjects. (b)Change of topic: Althogh most of the published information was about “Nara” at first, as time passed, the topic changed to “agent” and “computer”. (c)Creation of new human relationships: One subject was able to make friends using the system.
Status and Development Trende of Ethylene Industry at Home and Abroad (2008)

The production status of ethylene industry at home and abroad are introduced. The development prospect of ethylene industry are forecasted.
Research on the Legal Aid Model of China (2008)

By comparing and analyzing some kinds of legal aid model at home and abroad,the author thinks over the mixed legal aid mode in our country and tries to find a new way which professional lawyer and social lawyer are integrated together to provide legal aid service.
Interference-Aware Location Estimation in Cellular OFDM Communications Systems (2009)

In this paper, we consider location estimation algorithms using cellular orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communications systems. In the classical approach the mobile station (MS) determines time difference of arrival (TDOA) information from the received signals of at least three base stations (BSs). With these TDOAs the location of the MS is estimated. However, only at the cell edge a good reception of several BSs is ensured. Especially for future systems targeting a frequency re-use of one, interference is a limiting factor. Hence, in the inner cell it is difficult to detect out-of-cell BSs with sufficient quality. Therefore, we propose an interference cancellation scheme to improve the performance in these critical situations for TDOA positioning. Simulation results for a 3GPP- LTE system show the ability of this approach to increase the accuracy and to extend the coverage of the overall location estimation.
MesP1 is expressed in the heart precursor cells and required for the formation of a single heart tube (1999)

The Mesp1 gene encodes the basic HLH protein MesP1 which is expressed in the mesodermal cell lineage during early gastrulation. Disruption of the Mesp1 gene leads to aberrant heart morphogenesis, resulting in cardia bifida. In order to study the defects in Mesp1-expressing cells during gastrulation and in the specification of mesodermal cell lineages, we introduced a (beta)-galactosidase gene (lacZ) under the control of the Mesp1 promoter by homologous recombination. The early expression pattern revealed by (beta)-gal staining in heterozygous embryos was almost identical to that observed by whole mount in situ hybridization. However, the (beta)-gal activity was retained longer than the mRNA signal, which enabled us to follow cell migration during gastrulation. In heterozygous embryos, the Mesp1-expressing cells migrated out from the primitive streak and were incorporated into the head mesenchyme and heart field. In contrast, Mesp1-expressing cells in the homozygous deficient embryos stayed in the primitive streak for a longer period of time before departure. The expression of FLK-1, an early marker of endothelial cell precursors including heart precursors, also accumulated abnormally in the posterior region in Mesp1-deficient embryos. In addition, using the Cre-loxP site-specific recombination system, we could determine the lineage of the Mesp1-expressing cells. The first mesodermal cells that ingressed through the primitive streak were incorporated as the mesodermal component of the amnion, and the next mesodermal population mainly contributed to the myocardium of the heart tube but not to the endocardium. These results strongly suggest that MesP1 is expressed in the heart tube precursor cells and is required for mesodermal cells to depart from the primitive streak and to generate a single heart tube.
Simultaneous suppression of third-order dispersion and sideband instability in single-channel optical fiber transmission by midway optical phase conjugation employing higher order dispersion management (2003)

In optical phase conjugation (OPC) systems, the third-order dispersion (TOD) of optical fibers and the nonlinear resonance at well-defined signal sideband frequencies called sideband instability (SI) mainly limit the transmission performance. We propose, for the first time, a scheme for simultaneous suppression of both TOD and SI in OPC systems using a periodic higher order dispersion-managed link consisting of standard single-mode fibers (SMFs) and reverse dispersion fibers (RDFs). Computer simulation results demonstrate the possibility of 200-Gb/s data transmission over 10 000 km in the higher order dispersion-managed OPC system, where the dispersion map is optimized by our system design strategies.
Application of Metal Free Click Chemistry in Biological Studies (2013)

The first reported click reaction, copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition had limited biocompatibility due to the high toxicity of copper. Since alternative bioorthogonal click reactions have been developed, they have strongly influenced the field of chemical biology. Here are summarized three main metal-free click methodologies based on cycloaddition, Staudinger and thioene reactions. This review contains the basic principles, some mechanistic considerations and a collection of reagents that can be used in each method. Firstly, Diels-Alder and strain promoted inverse electron demand Diels-Alder cycloadditions are outlined together with triazole and isoxazole formation by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. Secondly, Staudinger-Bertozzi ligation, a chemoselective reaction of azides and engineered triarylphosphines, is discussed. Finally, thio-click chemistries including thiol-ene, thiol-yne, thio-Michael and fluoro-thioclick reactions are reviewed. Among the most important bioapplications of these click methodologies is the labeling of glycans, proteins, lipids and DNA. Additionally, synthetic methods and surface immobilization of biomolecules and biologically useful polymeric materials are also reviewed. Keywords: Biological applications, Bioorthogonal chemistry, Click chemistry, Cycloadditions, Staudinger-Bertozzi ligation, Thio-click chemistry
Retrotransposition and Human Disorders (2006)

Abstract Retrotransposition is a ‘copy‐and‐paste’ mechanism whereby a retrotransposable element is copied from one genomic location and inserted into another genomic location, using a ribonucleic acid intermediate.
Signature-Based Protection from Code Reuse Attacks (2014)

Code Reuse Attacks (CRAs) recently emerged as a new class of security exploits. CRAs construct malicious programs out of small fragments (gadgets) of existing code, thus eliminating the need for code injection. Existing defenses against CRAs often incur large performance overheads or require extensive binary rewriting and other changes to the system software. In this paper, we examine a signature-based detection of CRAs, where the attack is detected by observing the behavior of programs and detecting the gadget execution patterns. We first demonstrate that naive signature-based defenses can be defeated by introducing special “delay gadgets” as part of the attack. We then show how a software-configurable signature-based approach can be designed to defend against such stealth CRAs, including the attacks that manage to use longer-length gadgets. The proposed defense (called SCRAP) can be implemented entirely in hardware using simple logic at the commit stage of the pipeline. SCRAP is realized with minimal performance cost, no changes to the software layers, and no implications on binary compatibility. Finally, we show that SCRAP generates no false alarms on a wide range of applications.
What Makes a Patch Distinct? (2013)

What makes an object salient? Most previous work assert that distinctness is the dominating factor. The difference between the various algorithms is in the way they compute distinctness. Some focus on the patterns, others on the colors, and several add high-level cues and priors. We propose a simple, yet powerful, algorithm that integrates these three factors. Our key contribution is a novel and fast approach to compute pattern distinctness. We rely on the inner statistics of the patches in the image for identifying unique patterns. We provide an extensive evaluation and show that our approach outperforms all state-of-the-art methods on the five most commonly-used datasets.
The Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome: Genetics and Mechanism of Carcinogenesis (1997)

The nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes to basal cell carcinomas of the skin, ovarian fibroma, and medulloblastoma. Unlike many other hereditary disorders associated with cancer, if features widespread birth defects. Laboratory studies of radiation sensitivity and chromosome instability over the past 20 years have generally yielded negative or inconclusive results. Screening for allelic loss in sporadic and hereditary basal cell carcinomas, hereditary ovarian fibromas, and sporadic medulloblastomas provided evidence for a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9q important in all three tumor types. Demonstration of a constitutional chromosome 9q deletion in an unusual patient with this syndrome and genetic linkage studies in large kindreds indicated that the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome gene maps to the same location lost in tumors. These data indicate that tumors arise with homozygous inactivation of the gene and imply that it normally functions as a tumor suppressor. In contrast, hemizygous germline mutations lead to multiple congenital anomalies.
Fault-tolerant scaleable solar power bus architectures with maximum power tracking (2002)

An improved maximum power tracking (MPT) approach with dither signal injection is presented. It incorporates a "shared-bus" current-sharing method that can regulate many paralleled current-mode DC-DC converters. Through simulation, the approach yields nearly uniform current-sharing as well as reliable MPT performance. Utilizing the combined current-sharing and MPT approaches, three proposed architectures provide several advantages: (1) ease of system power expansion, (2) stable current-sharing, and (3) autonomous MPT during loss of output voltage regulation. Both stable amplitude and frequency of array voltage ripple are maintained by the robust MPT control.
ChemInform Abstract: An Iodide‐Based Li<sub>7</sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>8</sub>I Superionic Conductor. (2015)

Abstract The title compound is synthesized from a dispersion of Li 3 PS 4 (obtained from a stoichiometric mixture of Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 in MeCN for 24 h) and LiI in MeCN at ambient conditions for 12 h, followed by heat treatment at 200 °C in vacuum.
The second region of stability against ballooning modes (1981)

A new type of axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium is presented. It is characterized by a region of pressure and safety factor variation with a short scale length imposed as a perturbation. The equilibrium consistent with these profile variations can be calculated by means of an asymptotic expansion. The flexibility obtained by generating such equilibria allows for a close examination of the mechanisms that are relevant to ballooning instabilities – ideal-MHD modes with large toroidal mode number. The so-called first and second regions of stability against these modes are seen well within the limits of validity of the asymptotic expansion. It appears that the modes must be localized in regions with small values of the local shear of the magnetic field. The second region of stability occurs where the local shear is large throughout the range where the magnetic-field-line curvature is destabilizing.
Scientists Seek to Sniff Out Diseases (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Isolation of Rat Liver Hepatocytes (2003)

The liver is composed of hepatocytes, endothelial, Kupffer, fat-storing, and pit cells. This chapter describes a technique for isolating hepatocytes, which represent 60–65% of the cells of the liver and about 80% of the volume of the organ (since they are larger than the other cells) (, , ). Two years after Howard et. al. () discovered that collagenase was a very important tool in the separation of liver cells, Berry and Friend () introduced the technique of collagenase perfusion of the liver.
Vibrating Rotation Sensors (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">British Aerospace Systems and Equipment (BASE) Limited has developed new solid state rotation sensors called the Vibrating Structure Gyroscope (VSG) and the VSG 2010. The VSG has been extensively tested in automotive trials in Europe and the Far East, the results of which have been published. The VSG has proved to be reliable and robust.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The VSG senses rate using a piezo-electric ceramic shell which is excited into a cos (2θ) vibration pattern. The direction of vibration pattern lags behind the shell when the shell is rotated. This enables rotation to be sensed. The electronics excites the shell into resonance, stabilise the vibration pattern direction with respect to the shell, and provides a DC signal proportional to rotation rate.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">VSG 2010 was developed as a continuation of the Vibrating Structure Gyroscope family of products. The aim was to design a product that would improve the performance over temperature whilst retaining the inherent high levels of reliability and robustness. VSG 2010 extends the range of solid state sensors which BASE produces.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Both the VSG 2010 gyroscope and the VSG sense rotation through the use of resonating circular structures. The improvement in performance of the VSG 2010 arise through the replacement of the ceramic cup with a metalic structure. The VSG 2010 has been designed from the outset to be suitable for high volume production.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper will outline the basic principles of rotation sensing using resonating structures and their design. It will also consider the applications for which this new product is intended, and will also present data which illustrates the potential of the instrument.</div>
Engineering of Optically Encoded Microbeads with FRET‐Free Spatially Separated Quantum‐Dot Layers for Multiplexed Assays (2017)

Quantum dot (QD) encoded microbeads are emerging for multiplexed analysis of biological markers. The quantitative encoding of microbeads prepared with different concentrations of QDs of different colors suffers from resonance energy transfer from the QDs fluorescing at shorter wavelengths to the QDs fluorescing at longer wavelengths. Here, we used the layer-by-layer deposition technique to spatially separate QDs of different colors with several polymer layers so that the distance between them would be larger than the Förster energy transfer radius. We performed fluorescence lifetime measurements to investigate and determine the conditions excluding significant resonance energy transfer between QDs within QD-encoded microbeads. Additionally, the number of QDs adsorbed onto microbeads was systematically established and multilayer structures of the QD-encoded microbead shells were characterized by scanning probe nanotomography. Finally, we prepared eight populations of FRET-free microbeads encoded with QDs of three colors at two intensity levels and demonstrated that all the optical codes are excitable at a single wavelength and may be clearly identified in three channels of a flow cytometer. The developed approach for engineering QD-encoded microbeads that are free from optical artefacts related to inter-QD resonance energy transfer paves the way to quantitative QD-based multiplexed assays.
Mean and covariance properties of dynamic PET reconstructions from list-mode data (2005)

We derive computationally efficient methods for the estimation of the mean and variance properties of penalized likelihood dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) images. This allows us to predict the accuracy of reconstructed activity estimates and to compare reconstruction algorithms theoretically. We combine a bin-mode approach in which data is modeled as a collection of independent Poisson random variables at each spatiotemporal bin with the space-time separabilities in the imaging equation and penalties to derive rapidly computable analytic mean and variance approximations. We use these approximations to compare bias/variance properties of our dynamic PET image reconstruction algorithm with those of multiframe static PET reconstructions.
FEASIBILITY OF COMPUTER-AIDED DIAGNOSIS IN DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY (1989)

We are developing computerized schemes for automated detection of lesions and or for characterization ( or quantitation ) of potential lesions by physical measures in order to assist radiologists ' diagnosis We shall call it computer -aided diagnosis ( CAD ) Our motivation for development of CAD is to reduce miss rates and to avoid subiective judgements Our general approach is to alert the radiologist to potential lesion sites and or to provide objective measures on potential lesions In digital chest radiography CADs on lung texture analysis and lung nodule detection are being developed Physica measures of lung texture are quantified by the rms variation and the rst moment of the power spectrum of lurlg texture Automated scheme for detection of lung nodules is developed by employing the difference image technique and feature extraction on the threshDlded difference image In digital subtraction angiography CAD for assessment of stenotic esions is being developed by using an iterative deconvolution technique for accurate measurements of opaci ed vessels Our initial results with computerized schemes are yery encouraging However it will be necessary to fuUy understand fundamental lmage features of lesions and normal patterns to establish their databases and to devise specific approaches to speci c tasks In the future it seems feasible to develop expert systenls for computer aided diagnosis in digital radiography