gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clonal Analysis of Cell Fate During Gastrulation and Early Neurulation in the Mouse (2007)

The foundation of the germ layers and the extraembryonic mesoderm from the epiblast between 6.5 and 7.5 days post coitum (p.c.) is accompanied by substantial cell proliferation. It is followed during the next 24 hours by the organization of major systems of the embryo such as the central nervous system, somites, heart and vascular system. Injection in situ of a short-term lineage label (horse radish peroxidase) into single epiblast cells at 6.7 days p.c. and analysis of the descendant clones in cultured embryos have been used to trace these processes and led to the following conclusions: (1) There is extensive but not indiscriminate cell mixing at the onset of gastrulation; epiblast cells spread towards the primitive streak and descendants are there progressively incorporated into mesoderm. (2) The fate map of the mouse epiblast at the early primitive streak stage is topologically similar to those of other vertebrates. (3) Germ layers and the extraembryonic mesoderm are not clonally distinct before gastrulation, the region of overlapping boundaries in the fate map being occupied by cells that will have descendants in more than one layer. (4) Cranial neurectoderm is mainly derived from axial epiblast immediately anterior to the primitive streak of the early streak stage embryo, clonal descendants being spread rostrocaudally in the developing neural tube. Contribution to the putative floor plate is made by progenitors some of which also contribute to notochord and mesoderm.
Hydrophilic Affinity Isolation and MALDI Multiple-Stage Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Glycopeptides for Glycoproteomics (2004)

In glycoproteomics, key structural issues, protein identification, locations of glycosylation sites, and evaluation of the glycosylation site microheterogeneity should be easily evaluated in a large number of glycoproteins, while mass spectrometry (MS) provides substantial information about individual purified glycoproteins. Considering that structural issues are elucidated by studying glycopeptides and that the tandem MS of a tryptic peptide composed of several amino acid residues is enough for protein identification, construction of an MS-based method handling tryptic glycopeptides would be of considerable benefit in research. To this end, a simple and efficient method, utilizing hydrophilic binding of carbohydrate matrixes such as cellulose and Sepharose to oligosaccharides, was successfully applied to the isolation of tryptic glycopeptides. Both peptide and oligosaccharide structures were elucidated by multiple-stage tandem MS (MS(n)) of the ions generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), as follows. The MALDI ion trap mass spectrum of a tryptic glycopeptide mixture from N-linked glycoproteins was composed of the [M + H]+ ions of component glycopeptides. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the glycopeptide [M + H]+ ion generated saccharide-spaced peaks, with an interval of, for example, 146, 162, and 203 Da, and their fragment ions corresponding to the peptide and peptide + N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) species in the MS2 spectrum. The saccharide-spaced ladder served to outline oligosaccharide structures, which were then selected as precursors for subsequent MS(n) analyses. The peptide or peptide + GlcNAc ions in the MS2 spectrum or the corresponding ions abundant in the MS1 spectrum were subjected to CID for determination of peptide sequences, to identify proteins and their glycosylation sites. The strategy, isolation of glycopeptides followed by MS(n) analysis, efficiently characterized the structures of beta2-glycoprotein I with four N-glycosylation sites and was applied to an analysis of total serum glycoproteins.
Csnk1a1 inhibition has p53-dependent therapeutic efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia (2014)

Despite extensive insights into the underlying genetics and biology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), overall survival remains poor and new therapies are needed. We found that casein kinase 1 α (Csnk1a1), a serine-threonine kinase, is essential for AML cell survival in vivo. Normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were relatively less affected by shRNA-mediated knockdown of Csnk1a1. To identify downstream mediators of Csnk1a1 critical for leukemia cells, we performed an in vivo pooled shRNA screen and gene expression profiling. We found that Csnk1a1 knockdown results in decreased Rps6 phosphorylation, increased p53 activity, and myeloid differentiation. Consistent with these observations, p53-null leukemias were insensitive to Csnk1a1 knockdown. We further evaluated whether D4476, a casein kinase 1 inhibitor, would exhibit selective antileukemic effects. Treatment of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) with D4476 showed highly selective killing of LSCs over normal HSPCs. In summary, these findings demonstrate that Csnk1a1 inhibition causes reduced Rps6 phosphorylation and activation of p53, resulting in selective elimination of leukemia cells, revealing Csnk1a1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AML.
Interim FDG-PET Scan in Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Hopes and Caveats (2010)

FDG-PET has recently emerged as an important tool for the management of Hodgkins lymphoma. Although its use for initial staging and response evaluation at the end of treatment is well established, the place of interim PET for response assessment and subsequent treatment tailoring is still quite controversial. The use of interim PET after a few cycles of chemotherapy may allow treatment reduction for good responders, leading to lesser treatment toxicities as well as early treatment adaptation for bad responders with a potential higher chance for cure. Interpretation of interim PET is a rapidly moving field. Actually, visual interpretation is preferred over quantitative interpretation in this situation. The notion of minimal residual uptake emerged for faint persisting FDG uptake, but has evolved during the recent years. Guidelines using mediastinum and liver as references have been proposed at the expert meeting in Deauville 2009. Actually, several trials are ongoing both for localised and advanced disease to evaluate the FDG-PET potential for early treatment monitoring and tailoring. Until the results of these prospective randomized trials become available, treatment changes according to the interim PET results should remain inappropriate and limited to well-conducted clinical trials.
Multicentre Evaluation of an Enzyme-Immunoassay for Cortisol Determination (1990)

The present paper describes a multicentre evaluation of a one step enzyme-immunoassay for the determination of cortisol in serum or plasma. Data from the investigation were analysed in terms of imprecision, detection limit, and correlation with other test methods. Within-run and between-run imprecisions (coefficient of variation) of Enzymun-Test Cortisol were less than 8% and 12%, respectively. The detection limit was 30 nmol/l (11 micrograms/l). With the exception of prednisolone, only low interference was found with other endogenous steroids. A good correlation between Enzymun-Test Cortisol and HPLC, LIA, FPIA and RIA was registered, although the latter two methods showed a scattering of regression lines from the different evaluators. The results show that Enzymun-Test Cortisol can be recommended as an alternative for the measurement of cortisol. As the method is calibrated against isotope dilution-mass spectrometry, results obtained with Enzymun-Test Cortisol are in agreement with the reference method.
Timing vulnerability factors of sequential elements in modern microprocessors (2013)

An efficient and novel technique for computing timing vulnerability factors (TVF) in modern complex synchronous designs is introduced, where all key inputs are based on static timing data readily available in most design databases. The benefits of TVF for modern microprocessors and strategies to reduce TVF, and hence the overall soft error rate (SER), are presented.
Dynamic NMR spectroscopy of hyperpolarized <sup>129</sup>Xe in human brain analyzed by an uptake model (2004)

Hyperpolarized (129)Xe (HpXe) NMR not only holds promise for functional lung imaging, but for measurements of tissue perfusion as well. To investigate human brain perfusion, several time-series of (129)Xe MR spectra were recorded from one healthy volunteer after HpXe inhalation. The time-dependent amplitudes of the MR spectra were analyzed by using a compartment model for xenon uptake modified to account for the loss of (129)Xe polarization due to RF-excitation and for the breathhold technique used in the experiments. This analysis suggests that the resonances detected at 196.5 +/- 1 ppm and 193 +/- 1 ppm originate from HpXe dissolved in gray and white matter, respectively, and that T(1) relaxation times of HpXe are different in gray and white matter (T(1g) > T(1w)).
Natural Products: Potential Source of DPP-IV Inhibitors (2019)

Out of multiple therapeutic targets, DPP-IV is the lead target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Natural products have always been available for the possible lead generation against various diseases and disorders. In the present review, we have covered various natural sources which have experimentally validated anti-diabetic activity for type 2 diabetic patients with specific focus on the DPP-IV inhibition. Out of all, the most potent DPP-IV inhibitors were found to be resveratrol, luteolin, apigenin and flavone having activity in nanomolar range. Standard drugs like sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and diprotin A have complex structures as compared to these phenolic compounds. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds have their added advantages in being present in a number of functional foods and carry antioxidant properties as well. So, the scientists working on the new chemical entity hunting for the type 2 diabetes treatment can also explore these natural sources for lead generation.
Sometimes-Recurse Shuffle - Almost-Random Permutations in Logarithmic Expected Time. (2013)

Abstract. We describe a security-preserving construction of a random permutation of domain size N from a random function, the construction tolerating adversaries asking all N plaintexts, yet employing just Θ(lgN) calls, on average, to the one-bit-output random function. The approach is based on card shuffling. The basic idea is to use the sometimes-recurse transformation: lightly shuffle the deck (with some other shuffle), cut the deck, and then recursively shuffle one of the two halves. Our work builds on a recent paper of Ristenpart and Yilek.
Automated game design learning (2017)

While general game playing is an active field of research, the learning of game design has tended to be either a secondary goal of such research or it has been solely the domain of humans. We propose a field of research. Automated Game Design Learning (AGDL), with the direct purpose of learning game designs directly through interaction with games in the mode that most people experience games: via play. We detail existing work that touches the edges of this field, describe current successful projects in AGDL and the theoretical foundations that enable them, point to promising applications enabled by AGDL, and discuss next steps for this exciting area of study. The key moves of AGDL are to use game programs as the ultimate source of truth about their own design, and to make these design properties available to other systems and avenues of inquiry.
Static scheduling of pipelined periodic tasks in distributed real-time systems (2002)

Many distributed real time applications involve periodic activities with end to end timing constraints that are larger than the periods. That is, a new instance of a periodic activity will come into existence before the previous instance has been completed. Also, such activities typically involve communicating modules in a distributed system where some modules may be replicated for resilience. For such activities, pipelined execution allows us to meet the various resource and timing constraints imposed on them. We discuss an approach to dealing with the pipelined execution of a set of periodic activities that have the above characteristics. It can be called a meta algorithm since it works in conjunction with another scheduling algorithm-one that creases the actual schedules. The idea is to exploit the existence of many such scheduling algorithms, which, however typically work with activities whose deadlines are equal to or less than their periods. Our meta algorithm invokes such a scheduling algorithm, perhaps multiple times, to generate a pipelined execution for the tasks. The effectiveness of the approach is shown via simulation studies.
Bone mineral (1975)

Estimating bone mineral by the photon absorption (125I) method applied to the distal part of the radius, it was found that young women using oral contraceptives containing a daily dose of 100 micrograms of mestranol had higher concentrations of bone mineral than non-users. Women twenty to fifty-nine years old who had lactated were among the poorly mineralized, while those who had lactated but were now using oral contraceptives in various combinations were among the highly mineralized.
Analysis of Alumina Red Mud Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Technology (2013)

Alumina red mud from aluminum industry has not been utilized effectively due to its strong alkaline, and SO 2 is an industrial pollutant which mainly produced by thermal power plants. For the comprehensive utilization of waste, the mineral component, chemical composition, grain size and microstructure of alumina red mud from Henan Branch of China Aluminum Co. were determined in this research. Thermodynamics analysis of FGD related desulfurization mechanism was studied as well. The self-designed glass absorption device 1700×60mm with its accessories was installed on-the-spot of Zhengzhou Xinli Electric Power Company Limited. The cyclic absorption experiments were conducted and the influential factors such as liquid-solid ratio (R L/S ), empty tower gas velocity (V(SO 2 )), SO 2 concentration (c(SO 2 )), and liquid-gas ratio (R L/G ) were examined through the orthogonal tests. The maximum efficiency of FGD is 97.5% under the optimal conditions: R L/S is 7:1 (g/g), V(SO 2 )is 0.35m/s, c(SO 2 ) is 1700mg/m 3 and R L/G is 12:1 (L/m 3 ).
New techniques for high-frequency RMS-to-DC conversion based on a multifunctional V-to-I convertor (1988)

Two bipolar RMS-DC convertor circuits of the computing type which require no rectifier function are discussed. Improved frequency response is thus obtained. RMS-to-DC computation is carried out in the current domain. To make the circuit suitable for voltage driving, a dedicated V-to-I convertor is developed. Measured 1% bandwidths of the RMS-to-DC convertors are 35 and 22 MHz, respectively. Conversion error is less than 1% for the crest factors up to five.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
VXT: Visual XML Transformer (2002)

The ever-growing amount of heterogeneous data exchanged via the Internet, combined with the popularity of XML, makes structured document transformations an increasingly important application domain. Most of the existing solutions for expressing XML transformations are textual languages, such as XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) or DOM (Document Object Model), combined with a general-purpose programming language. Several tools build on top of these languages, providing a graphical environment and debugging facilities. Transformations are, however, still specified in a textual way using the underlying language (often XSLT), thus requiring users to learn it. We believe that visual programming techniques are well-suited to representing XML structures and make the specification of transformations simpler. We propose a visual language, called VXT (Visual XML Transformer), for the specification of XML transformations in an interactive environment based on a zoomable user interface toolkit and on two target languages specialised in structure transformations: Circus and XSLT.
Power Saving Mechanisms for LTE Base Stations Using Traffic Characteristic (2010)

3GPP(Third Generation Partnership Project) LTE system that is the next step forward in cellular 3G services address the issues related to power saving at LTE base station. This is because that most of the energy in a typical telecommunication network is consumed by the wireless network's base station site. Power saving at LTE base station fall in with low-carbon green technology. This thesis proposes a power saving MAC protocol for LTE base station which utilizes different graded DRX/DTX(Discontinuous. Reception/Transmission). Considering traffic type in UE, proposed MAC protocol controls adaptive DRX/DTX cycle. The proposed method is more improve power saving performance than another method which is unchanged DRX/DTX by conditions. In this thesis, I propose an power saving MAC protocol in an environment where LTE base station are communicated with UE and prove improvement in performance through simulations.
Whole-Genome Analysis of <i>Oryza sativa</i> Reveals Similar Architecture of Two-Component Signaling Machinery with Arabidopsis (2006)

The two-component system (TCS), which works on the principle of histidine-aspartate phosphorelay signaling, is known to play an important role in diverse physiological processes in lower organisms and has recently emerged as an important signaling system in plants. Employing the tools of bioinformatics, we have characterized TCS signaling candidate genes in the genome of Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica. We present a complete overview of TCS gene families in O. sativa, including gene structures, conserved motifs, chromosome locations, and phylogeny. Our analysis indicates a total of 51 genes encoding 73 putative TCS proteins. Fourteen genes encode 22 putative histidine kinases with a conserved histidine and other typical histidine kinase signature sequences, five phosphotransfer genes encoding seven phosphotransfer proteins, and 32 response regulator genes encoding 44 proteins. The variations seen between gene and protein numbers are assumed to result from alternative splicing. These putative proteins have high homology with TCS members that have been shown experimentally to participate in several important physiological phenomena in plants, such as ethylene and cytokinin signaling and phytochrome-mediated responses to light. We conclude that the overall architecture of the TCS machinery in O. sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana is similar, and our analysis provides insights into the conservation and divergence of this important signaling machinery in higher plants.
A Ten Channel Infrared Spectrograph (1951)

Instrumentation is described with which it is possible to determine the spectral distribution of rapidly varying infrared sources as a function of time.A ten channel infrared spectrometer utilizing a multiple arrangement of Golay pneumatic detectors provides information for a ten channel electronic switch which presents this information on a single oscilloscope screen. Silver tube “wave guides” are used to conduct radiation passing through ten separate exit slits to the corresponding detectors. This equipment was developed in connection with a project sponsored by Evans Signal Laboratory, Signal Corps, Department of the Army, Belmar, N. J.
Studies in Non-Linear Circuits (1931)

The series circuit consisting of an inductance L, capacitance C, resistance R, and a source of alternating electromotive force, where the circuit elements are all linear, is regarded as a special case of a more general type of circuit in which L, C, and R may be functions of the current or other variables. The practical importance of these non-linear circuits is noted and some of their properties are reported. In the series circuit with a linear resistance, capacitance, and an iron core inductance it is shown that the abrupt rise in current at a certain critical voltage is characterized by resonance in the sense that L di/dt = - 1/c ∫ i d t. In this non-linear resonance however the above condition is satisfied in but a limited portion of the cycle. During this portion of the cycle the peak current may be calculated from Ohm's law. The series circuit with linear resistance, capacitance, and an iron core reactor with superimposed steady magnetizing force, is shown to exhibit a pulsation oscillation which is explained on the basis of the positive impedance-current characteristic of such reactors. Parallel resonance for the non-linear case of an iron core reactor is reported, and it is shown that in conjunction with series resonance the unique characteristic is obtained wherein the r. m. s. current decreases with increasing applied voltage.
Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with NASH (2016)

European and American guidelines recommend surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by performing ultrasonography on a six-month basis on an at risk population, defined by presence of cirrhosis. HCC, due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is rising. Patients with NASH have a high risk of developing HCC and, therefore, have to be enrolled in a screening program. One of the challenges with NASH-induced HCC is that half of the cases arise in non-cirrhotic patients. There is a need to identify those patients in order to screen them for HCC. The obesity of these patients is another challenge, it makes ultrasound screening more difficult. Other radiological methods, such as computer tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are available, but the surveillance program would no longer be cost-effective. There is a need to prospectively acquire information on cohorts of patients with NASH in order to improve the tools we have to diagnose early tumors in these patients.
卡尔·波普尔(1902-1994) (1996)

卡尔·雷蒙德·波普尔于1902年7月28日生于维也纳。他于1994年9月17日在伦敦的克罗伊登逝世。他的父亲西蒙·西格蒙德·卡尔·波普尔博士是位有成就的律师,他还积极从事社会工作,对哲学和艺术有着浓厚兴趣,并有一个与之相关的藏书室,他的儿子很早就得益于这些藏书。他的母亲珍妮是一位有才华的钢琴家。波普尔对音乐的喜爱首先应归功于他母亲的影响,他一生都在从实践和理论上研究着音乐问题。父母双亲都放弃了犹太人的信仰。 他的生命的头33年主要是在维也纳度过的。他16岁多时就决定离开他一直就读的中学而去上大学。在大学他学习了数学、物理学、哲学、心理学和音乐理论等课程,他是以后才补上中学毕业考试的。
Noniterative compensation for the distance-dependent detector response and photon attenuation in SPECT imaging (1994)

A filtering approach is described, which accurately compensates for the 2D distance-dependent detector response, as well as for photon attenuation in a uniform attenuating medium. The filtering method is based on the frequency distance principle (FDP) which states that points in the object at a specific source-to-detector distance provide the most significant contribution to specified frequency regions in the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the sinogram. By modeling the detector point spread function as a 2D Gaussian function whose width is dependent on the source-to-detector distance, a spatially variant inverse filter can be computed and applied to the 3D DFT of the set of all sinogram slices. To minimize noise amplification the inverse filter is rolled off at high frequencies by using a previously published Wiener filter strategy. Attenuation compensation is performed with Bellini's method. It was observed that the tomographic point response, after distance-dependent filtering with the FDP, was approximately isotropic and varied substantially less with position than that obtained with other correction methods. Furthermore, it was shown that processing with this filtering technique provides reconstructions with minimal degradation in image fidelity.