gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fragmentation of the β-Subunit of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Produced by Choriocarcinoma* (1988)

When human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions with dithiothreitol (DTT), a smaller weight material (CTP'), in addition to the beta-subunit, could be detected by Western blot analysis using antiserum for hCG beta-carboxy-terminal peptide (CTP). The CTP' band was much more apparent with urinary hCG from a patient with choriocarcinoma than with that from normal pregnant women. Second-dimensional electrophoresis of the choriocarcinoma hCG (c-hCG) after reduction with DTT indicated that the CTP', Mr 25,000, was released from the beta-subunit. The carbohydrate structure of the CTP' was analyzed by affinity with lectin-peroxidase on a nitrocellulose membrane. The CTP' did not interact with Concanavalin A, but exhibited strong interaction with both RCA120 and Arachis hypogaea after removal of sialic acid, indicating that it was released as a fragment containing an O-linked sugar chain as was found in the hCG beta carboxy-terminal portion. Western blot analysis using the antisera for hCG alpha, hCG beta, and hCG beta-CTP showed that the CTP' contains not only the carboxy-terminal portion but also a part of the internal (core) portion of the beta-subunit molecule. This dissociation of the c-hCG beta was further supported by the presence of a faster moving component (FMC) which may correspond to the NH2-terminal side counterpart. The desialylated FMC could be detected by Concanavalin A and RCA120 but not by Arachis hypogaea, indicating that it contains N-linked rather than O-linked sugar chains. The FMC does not contain any of the epitopes for the antisera examined in Western blot. These results indicate that the beta-subunit of the choriocarcinoma urine hCG has an unusual site which is dissociated into two components of Mr 25,000 (CTP') and Mr 18,000 (FMC) by DTT reduction.
A quantitative interpretation of IVIM measurements of vascular perfusion in the rat brain (1994)

Pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) sequences have been used to measure the signal loss of 19F in perfluorinated hydrocarbon blood substitutes moving within the vasculature of the rat brain in the experimental conditions of the study. The signal loss is not characterized by a single apparent pseudodiffusion coefficient. A simple vascular network model based on self-similarity has been used to calculate the shape of the signal loss. Excellent agreement with the experiment has been obtained showing that the IVIM measurements are sensitive to flow over a wide range of vessel diameters and flow rates. This model of vascular structure may serve well for other MR measurements that are sensitive to perfusion.
The phylogenetic distribution and morphological variation of the ‘pouch’ in female snakes (2011)

Abstract Siegel D.S., Miralles A, Trauth S.E. and Aldridge R.D. 2011. The phylogenetic distribution and morphological variation of the ‘pouch’ in female snakes. — Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 93 : 400–408. The urodaeum of female snakes is a chamber that receives the oviducts, urinary ducts, and intestine. Previous studies have indicated that a derived region of unknown function persists between the urodaeum and oviducts in some snakes of the Colubroides. This structure was recently termed the ‘pouch’; however, it is also commonly referred to as the vaginal pouch. A broad sampling of female snakes revealed that the pouch evolved once on the branch leading to Colubroides. The presence of the pouch in Colubroides is not unambiguous, as this feature was lost in some members of the Atractaspididae and Lamprophiidae. Variation was also observed in pouch morphology between taxa of the Colubroides. Variation included the following: (1) whether the pouch was bifurcated and if so, were the arms of the pouch separated caudally, (2) whether separated pouch arms were split by a caudal bifurcation of the urodaeum or through medial septa of the pouch arms, and (3) the absence or presence of oviducal papillae invading the cranial/lateral extremity of the pouch. The variation in pouch morphology observed does not appear to be correlated with the evolutionary history of Colubroides and polymorphism within families is common.
Artificial mineralization in vitro--a model of tissue mineralization. (1993)

Calcium chloride and sodium hydrogen phosphate form precipitation zones in gelatin gel, gel supplemented with cartilaginous extract, articular cartilage slices, and in demineralized bone. The cartilaginous extract exerts a marked inhibitory effect on the crystal quantity and clustering. The pretreatment of cartilage slices with hyaluronidase increases the crystal frequency. The morphology of crystals formed in gelatin and in cartilage was similar but quite different from the precipitation pattern found in demineralized bone.
An Inter-Technology Communication Scheme for WiFi/ZigBee Coexisting Networks (2017)

In this paper we show how inter-technology interference can be exploited to set-up a low-rate bi-directional communication channel between heterogeneous technologies, which coexist in ISM bands. In particular, we focus on WiFi and ZigBee networks, whose high density deployments make coexistence a critical issue. We monitor the transmission duration of the interference and, after recognizing ZigBee interference from WiFi off-the-shelf receivers, we precisely measure the channel busy intervals to map time duration to communication symbols. A similar approach is used on the ZigBee receivers for making the communication channel bidirectional. Extensive experimental results show the feasibility of the inter-technology communication channel. As a possible application, we designed and implemented a cross-technology TDMA scheme, alternating channel intervals to WiFi and ZigBee nodes. This unconventional communication channel can be very useful not only for coordinating channel access between WiFi and ZigBee networks, but also for other direct link applications, such as reading measurements from ZigBee sensors, or configuring ZigBee actuators (e.g. an on/off power switch) by just using common smartphones or laptops which are only equipped with WiFi interfaces.
MEXIQUE: Traditions verrières (2010)

SJL/J mice were immunized with human PLP as well as encephalitogenic PLP peptides 139-151 and 178-191 and the resulting antibody responses examined for immunochemical specificity employing a panel of 17 synthetic PLP peptide ligands. All animals had demonstrable circulating titers of antibodies early in the humoral immune response to their respective encephalitogens, however, there was no clear qualitative correlation between antibody responses and the induction of EAE. In the majority of PLP immunized animals, determinant-specific antibody populations, including those against encephalitogenic centers, were not detectable in the presence of an anti-PLP antibody response. Antiencephalitogenic peptide antibodies were present in both 139-151 and 178-191 immunized animals regardless of clinical/histologic status. Neither group produced cross-reactive anti-PLP antibodies as detected by ELISA. In animals immunized with peptide 139-151, only anti-139-151 antibody specificities were noted. In contrast, all animals immunized with peptide 178-191 had an antibody population cross-reactive with three other PLP peptides: 97-110, 209-217, and 215-228. As humoral immune responses can be demonstrated against PLP-specific encephalitogenic epitopes, the significance of these B cell responses should be considered in the context of their potential role in the development, modulation, and/or potentiation of EAE.
Analysis of droop control method in an autonomous microgrid (2017)

In this paper an analytical approach is conducted to evaluate the droop control method in an islanding microgrid. Droop control is the key solution for sharing the demand power between generators in autonomous microgrids where there is no support from the electricity distributiongrid. In the paper, three important load types are investigated to verify the droop control performance. First, coupling of active power and reactive power is considered in the microgrid and a new method is proposed to facilitate separate control of powers. In the proposed method the effects of droop gains on decoupling of active power and reactive power control, voltage regulation, power oscillation and system stability are studied. In the second load type study, by applying the different types of faults, induction motor characteristics are observed. By simulation results it is shown that the fault intensity and duration will determine how the microgrid attains to fast frequency convergence and how fast protection system operationcan improve system stability. In the third case, imbalanced nonlinear load is studied in the microgrid and the influences of embedded controllers on harmonic distortion, system balance and voltage regulation are observed.
Determination of the dihedral angle errors of a corner cube from its Twyman-Green interferogram (1977)

A technique is devised for calculating the magnitudes of the dihedral angle errors of a corner cube from a single Twyman-Green interferogram. Experimental examples are given in which the dihedral angles of two corner cubes are determined to within 2 arc sec by this procedure. These values are also shown to be in good agreement with independent goniometer measurements.
The crystal structure of waxes (1995)

Quantitative electron crystallographic studies have been carried out on epitaxially oriented multi-component waxes. Intensities from two paraffin-based samples, an artificial six-component medium wax (equimolar distribution of chain lengths) and a petroleum-based wax (Gaussian distribution of chain lengths) have been used to determine their crystal structures. As found earlier for binary paraffin solid solutions, differences in molecular volume are compensated by longitudinal molecular shifts within individual lamellae. Nevertheless, each lamellar surface must remain flat enough, and with enough crystallographic order intact, to nucleate the next lamella, thus accounting for the observed long-range correlation in these crystals. Recrystallized beeswax also has a layer packing somewhat similar to the paraffin waxes. However, in this case, the lamellar order is 'frustrated' so that a certain amount of 'nematically' ordered material must be present, spanning the nascent lamellar interfaces.
Monosaccharides and Their Derivatives in Carbonaceous Meteorites: A Scenario for Their Synthesis and Onset of Enantiomeric Excesses (2018)

Carbonaceous meteorites provide the best glimpse into the solar system's earliest physical and chemical processes. These ancient objects, ~4.56 billion years old, contain evidence of phenomena ranging from solar system formation to the synthesis of organic compounds by aqueous and (likely) low-temperature photolytic reactions. Collectively, chemical reactions resulted in an insoluble kerogen-like carbon phase and a complex mixture of discrete soluble compounds including amino acids, nucleobases, and monosaccharide (or "sugar") derivatives. This review presents the documented search for sugars and their derivatives in carbonaceous meteorites. We examine early papers, published in the early 1960s, and note the analytical methods used for meteorite analysis as well as conclusions on the results. We then present the recent finding of sugar derivatives including sugar alcohols and several sugar acids: The latter compounds were found to possess unusual "d" enantiomeric (mirror-image) excesses. After discussions on the possible roles of interstellar grain chemistry and meteorite parent body aqueous activity in the synthesis of sugar derivatives, we present a scenario that suggests that most of Earth's extraterrestrial sugar alcohols (e.g., glycerol) were synthesized by interstellar irradiation and/or cold grain chemistry and that the early solar disk was the location of the initial enantiomeric excesses in meteoritic sugar derivatives.
Suitability of Date Palm Leaflets for Sulphated Cellulose Nanocrystals Synthesis (2017)

Cellulose nanocrystals (SCNCs) were synthesized from macerated fibers isolated from leaflets of date palm (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L.). The resultant SCNCs were characterized by optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>-hydrolysis helped isolation of SCNCs with high crystallinity by removing the amorphous regions of the cellulosic microfibril. The SCNCs in an acidic solution were aggregated to form bigger architectures. The SCNCs exhibited a principle sharp peak around 2Î¸ = 21.25Â° related to the cellulose-I structure. The crystallinity index of the SCNCs was found to be high (85.5%). The average crystallite size of the SCNCs was 2.7 nm. The FTIR results confirmed high purity of the SCNCs conforming to cellulose I. The TGA showed that about 59.13% of the SCNCs mass was lost up to 500Â°C. Based on the results, the leaflets are suitable precursor for SCNCs synthesis.
The coupled modes of acoustic waves and drifting carriers in piezoelectric crystals (1964)

The amplification of acoustic waves in piezoelectric semiconductors is analyzed in terms of the normal modes of the uncoupled system. The characteristics of the growing wave are presented for a range of the crystal parameters in terms of the conduction frequency (σ/ε) and the diffusion frequency (v <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /D). Boundary conditions are worked out to show that an acoustic wave at the input to the amplifying section will couple into the growing wave without appreciable initial loss. The experimental results with CdS at 500 Mc confirm the general features of the theory and serve to point out two problems which must be overcome. The first is one of eoupling into the acoustic waves from an external source. Present methods are quite inefficient. The second is one of internal oscillations within the crystal which occur when the drift velocity exceeds the velocity of sound. If these problems can be solved, it should be possible to use this gain mechanism well into the microwave region.
CATALYTIC COMBUSTION OF NATURAL GAS IN A FIXED BED REACTOR WITH FLOW REVERSAL (1993)

A new application of the fixed bed catalytic reactor with flow reversal for combustion of natural gas is investigated by mathematical modeling and computer simulation. Comparison between the results obtained for this new reactor and those for a classic catalytic fixed bed is made. Inexpensive perovskite type catalysts containing no noble metals were used. It is shown that an appropriate choice of operating parameters (concentration and temperature of input gas mixture, superficial gas velocity, size and shape of catalyst and inert material, volumetric ratio between catalyst and inert material in the bed) allows for a methane combustion at must lower temperatures in the reactor with flow reversal than in a classic catalytic reactor. Under such a low temperature combustion, no nitrogen oxides are produced.
IL-10 Is Critical for Host Resistance and Survival During Gastrointestinal Helminth Infection (2002)

Resistance to many intestinal nematodes is dependent on the induction of polarized type 2 cytokine responses, whereas type 1 responses can exacerbate these infections. The contributions of IL-4 and IL-13 to the development of resistance have been well described for a variety of intestinal parasites; however, the role of IL-10 has not been previously investigated. In this study we infected IL-10-, IL-10/IL-4-, IL-10/IL-12-, IL-4-, and IL-12-deficient mice with Trichuris muris to determine whether IL-10 contributes to the development of immunity. Interestingly, T. muris-infected IL-10-, IL-4-, and IL-10/IL-4-deficient mice failed to expel the parasite, and animals deficient in IL-10 displayed marked morbidity and mortality. In contrast, double IL-10/IL-12-deficient mice were completely resistant and mounted a highly polarized type 2 cytokine response, demonstrating that the increased susceptibility of IL-10-deficient mice was dependent on IL-12. Further study suggested that the susceptibility of IL-10- and IL-10/IL-4-deficient mice was probably attributable to a marked increase in type 1 cytokine production in those animals. The mortality observed in T. muris-infected IL-10- and IL-10/IL-4-deficient mice correlated with increased inflammation, loss of Paneth cells, and absence of mucus in the cecum. Interestingly, survival was enhanced in T. muris-infected IL-10/IL-4-deficient mice if a broad spectrum antibiotic was administered, suggesting that an outgrowth of opportunistic bacteria was contributing to the high degree of morbidity and mortality. Overall, these studies reveal a critical role for IL-10 in the polarization of Th2 responses, development of resistance during T. muris infection, and maintenance of barrier function in the colon.
The Smart Crowd - Learning from the Ones Who Know (Invited Talk) (2017)

One of the foremost challenges for information technology over the last few years has been to explore, understand, and extract useful information from large amounts of data. Some particular tasks such as annotating data or matching entities have been outsourced to human workers for many years. But the last few years have seen the rise of a new research field called crowdsourcing that aims at delegating a wide range of tasks to human workers, building formal frameworks, and improving the efficiency of these processes. In order to provide sound scientific foundations for crowdsourcing and support the development of efficient crowd sourcing processes, adequate formal models and algorithms must be defined. In particular, the models must formalize unique characteristics of crowd-based settings, such as the knowledge of the crowd and crowd-provided data; the interaction with crowd members; the inherent inaccuracies and disagreements in crowd answers; and evaluation metrics that capture the cost and effort of the crowd. Clearly, what may be achieved with the help of the crowd depends heavily on the properties and knowledge of the given crowd. In this talk we will focus on knowledgeable crowds. We will examine the use of such crowds, and in particular domain experts, for assisting solving data management problems. Specifically we will consider three dimensions of the problem: (1) How domain experts can help in improving the data itself, e.g. by gathering missing data and improving the quality of existing data, (2) How they can assist in gathering meta-data that facilitate improved data processing, and (3) How can we find and identify the most relevant crowd for a given data management task.
Deformable 3D Fusion: From Partial Dynamic 3D Observations to Complete 4D Models (2015)

Capturing the 3D motion of dynamic, non-rigid objects has attracted significant attention in computer vision. Existing methods typically require either complete 3D volumetric observations, or a shape template. In this paper, we introduce a template-less 4D reconstruction method that incrementally fuses highly-incomplete 3D observations of a deforming object, and generates a complete, temporally-coherent shape representation of the object. To this end, we design an online algorithm that alternatively registers new observations to the current model estimate and updates the model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach at reconstructing non-rigidly moving objects from highly-incomplete measurements on both sequences of partial 3D point clouds and Kinect videos.
Water Relations of Glucose‐catabolizing Enzymes in <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> (1980)

Examination of the catabolism of glucose via the Entner‐Doudoroff pathway by standard enzyme assays showed that the activity of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, glucokinase and 2‐ketoglu‐conokinase plus phosphoketogluconate reductase was completely inhibited at a w values less than 0.965, 0.98 and 0.96 respectively when NaCl was used to adjust the a w . The other glucose‐catabolizing enzymes were inhibited to a lesser degree. When sucrose was used to control a w , glucokinase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase were inhibited at 0.92 a w but the other enzymes remained active below 0.86 a w . Enzymes were relatively active at reduced a w when adjusted with glycerol and most remained active even at 0.80 a w . When a w was controlled by potassium glutamate, the activity of glucokinase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase was markedly less inhibited than by NaCl at similar a w . Possible reasons for the variation in activity by glucose‐catabolizing enzymes in response to a w controlled by various solutes could be location of the enzyme in the cell, ability of the solute to penetrate the cell and ability to withstand high salt and sucrose concentrations. When the a w of the growth medium was reduced to 0.98 by glycerol, NaCl and polyethylene glycol 400, levels of glucokinase were significantly reduced while higher levels of glucose dehydrogenase and gluconate dehydrogenase were induced. This suggests that reduction in a w could regulate the routes of catabolism in the Entner‐Doudoroff pathway. When sucrose was used to control a w of the growth medium high levels of most enzymes were induced, suggesting catabolism of the sucrose by the organism.
Synthesis, characterization, and intracellular uptake of carboxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (2007)

We report the synthesis and characterization of a group of carboxyl-functionalized poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 3 (G3) that were used for the stabilization of superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs). Folic acid (FA) molecules were conjugated onto the dendrimer surfaces in an attempt to achieve specific targeted imaging of tumor cells that overexpress FA receptors using dendrimer-stabilized Fe3O4 NPs. Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized using controlled co-precipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions and the formed dendrimer-stabilized Fe3O4 NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The intracellular uptake of dendrimer-stabilized Fe3O4 NPs was tested in vitro using KB cells (a human epithelial carcinoma cell line) that overexpress FA receptors. It appears that carboxyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimer-stabilized Fe3O4 NPs can be uptaken by KB cells regardless of the repelling force between the negatively charged cells and the negatively charged particles. In the presence of a large amount of carboxyl terminal groups on the dendrimer surface, the receptor-mediated endocytosis of Fe3O4 NPs stabilized by FA-modified dendrimers was not facilitated. It implies that the surface charge of dendrimer-stabilized magnetic iron oxide NPs in biological medium is an important factor influencing their biological performance.
Blockchain-Based Security Architecture for Distributed Cloud Storage (2017)

With the development of ICT industry, the volume of produced data is experiencing tremendous growth, which motivates more demands of storage capacity. Because of the limited storage capacity of users' terminals, more and more applications prefer to upload data to cloud platforms. However, it is well known that security should not be neglected in existing cloud storage architectures. Motivated by the increasing popularity of emerging blockchain technology, we propose a blockchain-based security architecture for distributed cloud storage. Moreover, we customize a genetic algorithm to solve the file block replica placement problem between multiple users and multiple data centers in the distributed cloud storage environment. Numerical experimental results show that the proposed architecture outperforms the traditional cloud storage architectures in terms of security, with acceptable network transmission delay.