gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and Enzymatic Properties of a Gastric NADP(H)- dependent and Retinal-active Alcohol Dehydrogenase (1999)

A class IV-type, gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been purified from frog (Rana perezi) tissues, meaning detection of this enzyme type also in nonmammalian vertebrates. However, the protein is unique among vertebrate ADHs thus far characterized in having preference for NADP(+) rather than NAD(+). Similarly, it deviates structurally from other class IV ADHs and has a phylogenetic tree position outside that of the conventional class IV cluster. The NADP(+) preference is structurally correlated with a replacement of Asp-223 of all other vertebrate ADHs with Gly-223, largely directing the coenzyme specificity. This residue replacement is expected metabolically to correlate with a change of the reaction direction catalyzed, from preferential alcohol oxidation to preferential aldehyde reduction. This is of importance in cellular growth regulation through retinoic acid formed from retinol/retinal precursors because the enzyme is highly efficient in retinal reduction (k(cat)/K(m) = 3.4.10(4) mM(-1) min(-1)). Remaining enzymatic details are also particular but resemble those of the human class I/class IV enzymes. However, overall structural relationships are distant (58-60% residue identity), and residues at substrate binding and coenzyme binding positions are fairly deviant, reflecting the formation of the new activity. The results are concluded to represent early events in the duplicatory origin of the class IV line or of a separate, class IV-type line. In both cases, the novel enzyme illustrates enzymogenesis of classes in the ADH system. The early origin (with tetrapods), the activity (with retinoids), and the specific location of this enzyme (gastric, like the gastric and epithelial location of the human class IV enzyme) suggest important functions of the class IV ADH type in vertebrates.
Fitting guide for hard and soft contact lenses: A practical approach (1977)

Updated and revised, the 4th Edition of this reader-friendly reference presents straightforward guidelines for proper contact lens fitting. Covering today's full range of contact lens types, it also explores how to manage some of the major complications of contact lens wear. Devoid of extraneous optical theory, it focuses on the hands-on information that readers need to know in order to provide complete well-eye care.
Superior ion release properties and antibacterial efficacy of nanostructured zeolites ion-exchanged with zinc, copper, and iron (2018)

Antimicrobial zeolites ion-exchanged with inexpensive transition metal ions (such as zinc, copper, and iron) are critically important for a broader adoption of the materials for public health applications. Due to the high surface area and small particle sizes, nanozeolites are particularly promising in enhancing the efficacy of the zeolite-based antimicrobial materials. By using highly-crystalline nanostructured zeolites (FAU) with textural mesoporosity, we report a comprehensive study on the materials characteristics of zinc-, copper-, and iron-ion exchanged nanozeolites, the ion release properties, and antibacterial efficacy against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), as well as a comparison of the properties to those obtained for the corresponding microsized zeolites. Superior ion release properties were observed for both zinc and copper ion-exchanged nanostructured zeolite X, with ion release up to 73% for zinc and 36% for copper of their initial loadings, as compared to 50% and 12%, respectively, for the corresponding microsized zeolites, validating the importance of nanostructuring for enhanced ion diffusion through zeolite pore channels. The 2 hours minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) in saline for the copper ion-exchanged nanostructured zeolite X was 32 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>, half the corresponding microsized zeolite X MBC of 64 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>. Our results established nanostructured zeolite X as a superior host material for metal ion-based antimicrobials, with the aforementioned improvements for copper-exchanged nanozeolites compared to previous studies.
A Modified Intraoral Electrolarynx (1979)

• Most electrolarynx devices currently available are designed to be hand-held. The postlaryngectomy patient who cannot develop esophageal speech and requires the use of both hands is clearly handicapped by this design. We report a modification of the intraoral (Cooper-Rand) electrolarynx that is not hand-held. (<i>Arch Otolaryngol</i>105:360-361, 1979)
Deep Plug-and-Play Super-Resolution for Arbitrary Blur Kernels (2019)

While deep neural networks (DNN) based single image super-resolution (SISR) methods are rapidly gaining popularity, they are mainly designed for the widely-used bicubic degradation, and there still remains the fundamental challenge for them to super-resolve low-resolution (LR) image with arbitrary blur kernels. In the meanwhile, plug-and-play image restoration has been recognized with high flexibility due to its modular structure for easy plug-in of denoiser priors. In this paper, we propose a principled formulation and framework by extending bicubic degradation based deep SISR with the help of plug-and-play framework to handle LR images with arbitrary blur kernels. Specifically, we design a new SISR degradation model so as to take advantage of existing blind deblurring methods for blur kernel estimation. To optimize the new degradation induced energy function, we then derive a plug-and-play algorithm via variable splitting technique, which allows us to plug any super-resolver prior rather than the denoiser prior as a modular part. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations on synthetic and real LR images demonstrate that the proposed deep plug-and-play super-resolution framework is flexible and effective to deal with blurry LR images.
When the Patient Refuses to Learn Self-Care Skills (2005)

Fran London, MS, RN, is a Health Education Specialist, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona (e-mail: [email protected]).
Guantanamo. Breaking the Silence, Rejecting Impunity (2004)

William Bourdon is the lawyer of the two French men detained at Guantanamo who, since their transfer to France in July 2004, have been detained for “terrorist activities.” In this interview Bourdon refers to the outstanding events and the judicial decisions that have had an impact on the Guantanamo file, in France and internationally. He details the judicial and political stakes on arbitrary detention in the American camp by showing how it was fed by the suspension of some fundamental provisions of international law as well as a certain number of constitutive principles of the right to a fair trial. He then shows the erosion of the principle of judicial independence engendered by the anti-terrorism argument following September 11. Yet judges still have ways to resist exceptional practices.
A General Approach for the Synthesis of Phenolic Natural Products. Facile Syntheses of Grifolin and Colletochlorins B and D (1994)

Abstract A general approach is established for the synthesis of phenolic compounds having terpenoid side chains: (1) protection of the phenolic hydroxyls in the aromatic precursor by ether formation, (2) coupling the aromatic part with a terpenoid bromide, and (3) deprotection to regenerate the hydroxyl groups. This strategy was successfully applied to the synthesis of colletochlorins B and D and grifolin. Some of the colletochlorin derivatives were found to inhibit the cell growth of P388.
Characterization of Heme-Regulated eIF2α Kinase:  Roles of the N-Terminal Domain in the Oligomeric State, Heme Binding, Catalysis, and Inhibition (2006)

Heme-regulated eIF2alpha kinase [heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI)] plays a critical role in the regulation of protein synthesis by heme iron. The kinase active site is located in the C-terminal domain, whereas the N-terminal domain is suggested to regulate catalysis in response to heme binding. Here, we found that the rate of dissociation for Fe(III)-protoporphyrin IX was much higher for full-length HRI (1.5 x 10(-)(3) s(-)(1)) than for myoglobin (8.4 x 10(-)(7) s(-)(1)) or the alpha-subunit of hemoglobin (7.1 x 10(-)(6) s(-)(1)), demonstrating the heme-sensing character of HRI. Because the role of the N-terminal domain in the structure and catalysis of HRI has not been clear, we generated N-terminal truncated mutants of HRI and examined their oligomeric state, heme binding, axial ligands, substrate interactions, and inhibition by heme derivatives. Multiangle light scattering indicated that the full-length enzyme is a hexamer, whereas truncated mutants (truncations of residues 1-127 and 1-145) are mainly trimers. In addition, we found that one molecule of heme is bound to the full-length and truncated mutant proteins. Optical absorption and electron spin resonance spectra suggested that Cys and water/OH(-) are the heme axial ligands in the N-terminal domain-truncated mutant complex. We also found that HRI has a moderate affinity for heme, allowing it to sense the heme concentration in the cell. Study of the kinetics showed that the HRI kinase reaction follows classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to ATP but sigmoidal kinetics and positive cooperativity between subunits with respect to the protein substrate (eIF2alpha). Removal of the N-terminal domain decreased this cooperativity between subunits and affected the other kinetic parameters including inhibition by Fe(III)-protoporphyrin IX, Fe(II)-protoporphyrin IX, and protoporphyrin IX. Finally, we found that HRI is inhibited by bilirubin at physiological/pathological levels (IC(50) = 20 microM). The roles of the N-terminal domain and the binding of heme in the structural and functional properties of HRI are discussed.
Activation of a pollenin promoter upon nematode infection. (2002)

Three glycine-rich protein genes of Arabidopsis thaliana (Atgrp-6, Atgrp-7, and Atgrp-8) that correspond to putative genes coding for pollenins (AtolnB;2, AtolnB;3, and AtolnB;4, respectively) are expressed predominantly in the anthers and, more specifically, in the tapetum layer. Tapetal cells are responsible for nutrition of developing pollen grains and show some functional similarities to nematode feeding sites (NFS) induced in plant roots by sedentary parasitic nematodes. The aim of this study was to analyze promoter activity of the Atgrp genes in NFS. Transformed Arabidopsis plants containing a promoter-ss-glucuronidase (gus) fusion of the Atgrp-7 gene were inoculated with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. GUS assays were performed at different time points after infection. Histochemical analysis revealed an up-regulation of Atgrp-7-gus expression 3 days after inoculation in the feeding sites of both nematodes. Maximal Atgrp-7-gus staining levels in NFS were observed 1 week after nematode infection.
The von Hippel–Lindau Chuvash mutation promotes pulmonary hypertension and fibrosis in mice (2010)

Mutation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein at codon 200 (R200W) is associated with a disease known as Chuvash polycythemia. In addition to polycythemia, Chuvash patients have pulmonary hypertension and increased respiratory rates, although the pathophysiological basis of these symptoms is unclear. Here we sought to address this issue by studying mice homozygous for the R200W Vhl mutation (VhlR/R mice) as a model for Chuvash disease. These mice developed pulmonary hypertension independently of polycythemia and enhanced normoxic respiration similar to Chuvash patients, further validating VhlR/R mice as a model for Chuvash disease. Lungs from VhlR/R mice exhibited pulmonary vascular remodeling, hemorrhage, edema, and macrophage infiltration, and lungs from older mice also exhibited fibrosis. HIF-2alpha activity was increased in lungs from VhlR/R mice, and heterozygosity for Hif2a, but not Hif1a, genetically suppressed both the polycythemia and pulmonary hypertension in the VhlR/R mice. Furthermore, Hif2a heterozygosity resulted in partial protection against vascular remodeling, hemorrhage, and edema, but not inflammation, in VhlR/R lungs, suggesting a selective role for HIF-2alpha in the pulmonary pathology and thereby providing insight into the mechanisms underlying pulmonary hypertension. These findings strongly support a dependency of the Chuvash phenotype on HIF-2alpha and suggest potential treatments for Chuvash patients.
An improved simple colorimetric method for quantitation of non-transferrin-bound iron in serum. (1995)

A simple method for direct quantitation of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) in serum is introduced. NTBI was separated from serum by adding excess nitrilotriacetic acid disodium salt (NTA) to serum to form an Fe-NTA complex and then ultrafiltrated using a micro-filter. The NTBI in the ultrafiltrate was quantitated using a bathophenanthroline-based method. The optimal detection condition and several potential confounding factors were investigated. The actual measurements to samples in vivo and in vitro showed that this method is very practical.
Color Measurement and Analysis of Fruit with a Battery-Less NFC Sensor (2019)

This paper presents a color-based classification system for grading the ripeness of fruit using a battery-less Near Field Communication (NFC) tag. The tag consists of a color sensor connected to a low-power microcontroller that is connected to an NFC chip. The tag is powered by the energy harvested from the magnetic field generated by a commercial smartphone used as a reader. The raw RGB color data measured by the colorimeter is converted to HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space. The hue angle and saturation are used as features for classification. Different classification algorithms are compared for classifying the ripeness of different fruits in order to show the robustness of the system. The low cost of NFC chips means that tags with sensing capability can be manufactured economically. In addition, nowadays, most commercial smartphones have NFC capability and thus a specific reader is not necessary. The measurement of different samples obtained on different days is used to train the classification algorithms. The results of training the classifiers have been saved to the cloud. A mobile application has been developed for the prediction based on a table-based method, where the boundary decision is downloaded from a cloud service for each product. High accuracy, between 80 and 93%, is obtained depending on the kind of fruit and the algorithm used.
Aggregation-Induced Emission: A Simple Strategy to Improve Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (2014)

The emergence of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has opened up a new avenue for scientists. There is a great demand for the development of a new generation chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) acceptors with AIE characteristics due to the aggregation-caused chemiluminescence (CL) quenching effect commonly observed in the conventional fluorophore CL acceptors at high concentrations. However, the systematical studies involving in AIE-amplified CL are still scarce. Herein, it is the first report that the gold nanocluster aggregates (a type of well-defined AIE molecules) are used to study their influence on the bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO)-H2O2 CL reaction. Interestingly, the AIE molecules in the diluted solution are unable to boost the CL signal of the TCPO-H2O2 system, but their aggregates display a strongly enhanced CL emission compared to their counterparts of fluorophore molecules, thanks to the unique AIE effect of gold nanoclusters. In comparison to rhodamine B with the aid of an imidazole catalyst, the detection limit of the gold nanocluster aggregate-amplified CL probe for H2O2 (S/N = 3) is low in the absence of any catalyst. Finally, the other two typical AIE molecules, Au(I)-thiolate complexes and 9,10-bis[4-(3-sulfonatopropoxyl)-styryl]anthracene (BSPSA), are investigated to verify the generality of the AIE molecule-amplified CL emissions. These results demonstrate effective access to highly fluorescent AIE molecules with practical applications in avoiding the aggregation-induced CL quenching at high concentrations, which can be expected to provide a novel and sensitive platform for the CL amplified detection.
A low power data-adaptive motion estimation algorithm (1999)

A new data adaptive fast search motion estimation algorithm is proposed. Motion estimation is one of the major blocks in video coding applications and is highly computationally intensive. Although a number of fast and efficient algorithms have been developed, most of these do not take into account the varying nature of the input data. We present a novel technique in which we dynamically alter the motion estimation algorithm thereby impacting the execution rate and hence the power consumed. An average reduction of 30% in memory accesses and 60% in arithmetic operations, as compared to the full search block matching algorithm, was observed for the test cases. The loss in peak signal-to-error ratio (PSER) was less than 0.3 dB on average.
Overexpression of synoviolin in peripheral blood and synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients and continued elevation in nonresponders to infliximab treatment (2006)

Elevated PB levels of synoviolin were identified in circulating PB mononuclear cells and were associated with nonresponse to infliximab treatment. Sustained up-regulation of synoviolin by IL-lbeta and TNFalpha may contribute to prolonged survival of immune cells and dysregulated FLS proliferation, leading to RA chronicity.
mu-Opioid receptor activation reduces multiple components of high- threshold calcium current in rat sensory neurons (1995)

Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were used to characterize calcium channel types that are modulated by mu-opioid receptor activation in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Five distinct components of high-threshold calcium current were isolated on the basis of their sensitivity to the selective channel blockers omega-conotoxin GVIA, nifedipine, omega-conotoxin MVIIC, or omega-agatoxin IVA. The mu-opioid selective agonist Tyr-Pro-NMePhe-D-Pro-NH2 (PLO17) routinely suppressed high-threshold currents and this effect was always reduced by omega-conotoxin GVIA. A fraction of PLO17-sensitive current remained after omega-conotoxin GVIA that was eliminated by application of omega-agatoxin IVA alone or in combination with omega-conotoxin MVIIC. Nifedipine had no effect on mu-opioid responses nor did PLO17 affect the slow component of tail current induced by Bay K 8644. These data suggest that mu-opioid receptors are negatively coupled to three types of calcium channels in rat DRG neurons, including an omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive (N-type) channel, an omega-agatoxin IVA-sensitive (P-type) channel and an omega-conotoxin MVIIC-sensitive, nifedipine/GVIA/omega-Aga IVA-resistant (presumptive Q-type) channel.
Advanced Sand Control Completion With Permanent Monitoring (2000)

Abstract Permanent downhole monitoring can provide valuable information for production decisions without the need to perform an intervention to gather data. This type of technology has been excluded from sand control completions because of the complexity of placing measuring devices in the production interval. This paper describes the completion design of an openhole, horizontal, gravel-packed completion with permanent monitoring equipment in the production interval. As is typical for gravel-packed wells, the completion is run in two trips: the sandface completion is run in the first trip, and the upper completion is run in the second trip. The sandface completion includes two hydraulic lines in a U-tube configuration with a hydraulic wet connector at the top of the completion string. The completion is gravel packed using an alternate path technology that decreases the risk of a failed gravel pack placement due to hole collapse or losses. It also allows placement at lower flow rates, thus reducing the risk of damaging the hydraulic control lines. The upper completion is run and stabbed into the hydraulic wet connect. The hydraulic lines provide a continuous, environmentally protected conduit for the fiber-optic line. Once the upper completion is run and the wet connect is tested, the hydraulic lines are flushed and the fiber-optic (distributed temperature sensor) is installed.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces sequential activation and deactivation of binding via a low-affinity IgG Fc receptor, hFc gamma RII, on human eosinophils (1993)

Eosinophils are important in antibody-mediated immune defense against parasites based on interaction with Ig receptors (FcR). Of the three classes of IgG FcR in humans, hFc gamma RI, II, and III, solely hFc gamma RII (CD32) is expressed on freshly isolated eosinophils. Despite an expression level similar to that found on monocytes and polymorphonuclear granulocytes, binding activity of hFc gamma RII on eosinophils is constitutively low. Freshly isolated eosinophils had a negligible ability to form rosettes with IgG-sensitized erythrocytes (EA-IgG). Addition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) caused an approximately threefold increase in EA-IgG rosettes. This increase was maximal after 35 minutes, and declined upon further incubation at 37 degrees C. Analysis of hFc gamma RII expression levels showed no significant changes and neither was the expression of other hFc gamma R classes induced. Blocking studies with anti-Fc gamma receptor monoclonal antibody (MoAb) proved hFc gamma RII specificity of enhanced IgG complex binding. These phenomena were not restricted to GM-CSF action, because the addition of interleukin-3 or interleukin-5 similarly enhanced EA-IgG binding. The kinetics of activation of hFc gamma RII binding activity were paralleled by the binding of EA-C3bi to CR3 on eosinophils. In contrast to the stable expression of hFc gamma RII during activation with GM-CSF, CR3 expression increased slowly. Ligand binding via both types of opsonin receptors proved receptor specific. However, the kinetics of enhanced binding via hFc gamma RII and CR3 suggested the possibility of a common mechanism underlying the enhancement of ligand binding via hFc gamma RII and CR3. This hypothesis was supported by the fact that binding via hFc gamma RII proved sensitive to both high concentrations of F(ab')2 fragments of anti-CD11b MoAb MO1 and chelation of bivalent cations with EDTA. In conclusion, our studies indicate that cytokines can induce a transient enhancement of hFc gamma RII binding activity. Qualitative, and not quantitative, changes in this receptor appear to underly the modulation of binding activity, which may be linked to changes in CR3 activity.
Novel inhibitors of lanosterol 14α-methyl demethylase, a critical enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis (1988)

A series of novel 32-functionalised lanost-7-en-3-ols (1)–(7) has been synthesised; these compounds are all powerful inhibitors of lanosterol 14α-methyl demethylase, an important enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.