gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Custom design of hip joint prostheses based on X-ray films]. (2004)

A novel method for the design of hip joint prostheses based on X-ray films is introduced. Only arcs and straight-lines form figures of hip joint prostheses. Because geometrical tolerances of manufacturing hip joint prostheses matching section are usually not strict, hip joint prostheses can be manufactured without CNC machine tool. Three hip joint prostheses for three different femurs were designed through a program which was developed by the present authors. Approximate marrow cavities of these femurs were simulated according to a standard database about femur. These models of femur marrow cavities were used to verify the hip joint prostheses designed. These hip joint prostheses designed were manufactured and implanted into femurs respectively. Experimental results indicate that the novel method for the design of hip joint prostheses is practicable.
Longitudinal observational study of hidradenitis suppurativa: impact of surgical intervention with adjunctive biologic therapy (2017)

In this diverse cohort of patients with severe HS, biologic therapy was associated with a more rapid decline in disease activity, with the greatest effect in patients who also underwent HS surgery.
Synthesis and properties of 2,6-diamino-8,2'-anhydro-8-mercapto-9-.BETA.-D-arabinofuranosylpurine. (1981)

2, 6-Diamino-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine (I) was brominated with saturated bromine-water to the 8-bromo compound (II), which was tosylated at the 2'-hydroxygroup via the 2', 3'-O-dibutylstannylene compound (III). The resulting 2, 6-diamino-8-bromo-9-(2'-O-tosyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-purine (IV) was cyclized with thiourea in n-propanol or 40% sodium hydrogen sulfide to give 2, 6-diamino-8, 2'-anhydro-8-mercapto-9-β-D-arabinofuranosylpurine (V) in yields of 40% and 80%, respectively. Alternatively, 8, 2'-anhydro-8-mercapto-9-β-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (VI) was acetylated and chlorinated with phosphoryl chloride to give the 2-amino-6-chloropurine-8, 2'-S-cyclonucleoside derivative (VIII), which was aminated with ammonia in methanol to afford the 2, 6-diaminopurine cyclonucleoside (V) in a yield of 45%. Catalytic desulfurization of the cyclonucleoside (V) gave 2, 6-diamino-9-(2'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-purine (IX). Some physical properties of these compounds were elucidated by ultraviolet (UV), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The CD spectra of these nucleosides and cyclonucleoside were similar to those of the corresponding adenine nucleosides and cyclonucleoside in general.
Methanol: Coenzyme M Methyltransferase from <i>Methanosarcina Barkeri</i> (1997)

In Methanosarcina barkeri, methanogenesis from methanol is initiated by the formation of methyl-coenzyme M from methanol and coenzyme M. This methyl transfer reaction is catalyzed by two enzymes, designated methyltransferases 1 (MT1) and 2 (MT2). Transferase MT1, which is composed of a 50-kDa subunit, MtaB, and a 27-kDa corrinoid-harbouring subunit, MtaC, has been shown recently to catalyze the methylation of free cob(I)alamin with methanol [Sauer, K., Harms, U. & Thauer, R. K. (1997) Eur. J. Biochem. 243, 670-677]. We report here that this reaction is catalyzed by subunit MtaB overproduced in Escherichia coli. MtaB also catalyzed the formation of methanol from methylcobalamin and H2O, the hydrolysis being associated with a free-energy change deltaG(o)' of approximately +7.0 kJ/mol. MtaB was found to contain 1 mol zinc, and its activity to be zinc dependent (pK(Zn2+) = 9.3). The zinc dependence of the MT2 (MtaA)-catalyzed reaction is also described (pK(Zn2+) = 9.6).
Bidimensional Regression: Assessing the Configural Similarity and Accuracy of Cognitive Maps and Other Two-Dimensional Data Sets. (2003)

Bidimensional regression is a method for comparing the degree of resemblance between 2 planar configurations of points and, more generally, for assessing the nature of the geometry (Euclidean and non-Euclidean) between 2-dimensional independent and dependent variables. For example, it can assess the similarity between location estimates from different tasks or participant groups, measure the fidelity between cognitive maps and actual locations, and provide parameters for psychological process models. The authors detail the formal similarity between uni- and bidimensional regression, provide computational methods and a new index of spatial distortion, outline the advantages of bidimensional regression over other techniques, and provide guidelines for its use. The authors conclude by describing substantive areas in psychology for which the method would be appropriate and uniquely illuminating.
Nanoheteroepitaxial growth of GaN on Si nanopillar arrays (2005)

Nanoheteroepitaxial growth of GaN by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition on dense arrays of (111) Si nanopillars has been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, and electron-diffraction analysis of 0.15-μm-thick GaN layers indicate single-crystal films. Most of the mismatch defects were in-plane stacking faults and the threading dislocation concentration was &lt;108cm−2 at the interface and decreased away from the interface. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicated that grain-boundary defects could heal and were followed by high quality, single-crystal GaN. Facetted voids were also present at the GaN∕Si interface and are believed to be an additional strain-energy reduction mechanism. The unusual defect behavior in these samples appears to be related to the high compliance of the nanopillar silicon substrate.
Synthesis of virtual motion in 3D auditory space (2002)

This paper introduces a novel approach to the synthesis of acoustic waveforms that mimic those present near the eardrums of a listener when a sound source is moving through three-dimensional (3D) space. The approach combines well-known physical and biophysical sound-location cues into a discrete synthesis system. Physical cues include both the dependence of intensity on distance from the sound source and the Doppler effect. Biophysical features include the direction-dependent transfer functions imposed by a listener's head and ears and interaural time differences. This technique requires very little computer-disk storage since it relies on low-dimensional functional models that relate cue values to arbitrary locations in a virtual acoustic space.
Clearance function of type C receptors of atrial natriuretic factor in rats (1989)

The overwhelming majority of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) receptors in kidney and vascular tissues do not mediate any of the known functional effects of the hormone. To test whether these receptors (C-ANF receptors) function as clearance receptors for circulating ANF-(1-28), we determined the effects of C-ANF-(4-23) [des[Gln18Ser19Gly20Leu21Gly22]rANF-(3-23)-NH2], a specific ligand of C-ANF receptors, on the pharmacokinetics and hydrolysis of 125I-labeled ANF-(1-28) in anesthetized rats. Radioactivity in plasma was characterized by trichloroacetic acid solubility and high-pressure liquid chromatography. C-ANF-(4-23) (1 and 10 micrograms.min-1.kg body wt-1) led to marked dose-dependent increases in initial plasma concentration of administered 125I-ANF-(1-28) and decreases in its volume of distribution at steady state (Vss), metabolic clearance rate (MCR), and appearance of hydrolytic products ([125I]monoiodotyrosine and free 125I) in plasma (Pm). At the highest dose, C-ANF-(4-23) decreased Vss from 97 +/- 12 to 36 +/- 2 ml/100 g body wt, MCR from 50 +/- 4 to 12 +/- 1 ml.min-1.100 g body wt-1, and Pm from 54 +/- 8 to 11 +/- 2% of initial plasma 125I-ANF-(1-28). The data demonstrate that C-ANF receptors are mainly responsible for the very large volume of distribution and fast MCR of ANF in the rat. In this manner, C-ANF receptors are likely to play an important role in the homeostasis of circulating ANF.
Molecular Simulation of Poly-α-olefin Synthetic Lubricants:  Impact of Molecular Architecture on Performance Properties (1999)

Equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are performed at constant pressure and temperature on three structurally distinct poly-α-olefin (PAO) isomers representative of a major component in synthetic motor oil basestock. In agreement with empirical observations, the temperature dependence of viscosity, as characterized by the viscosity number (VN), is reduced as the degree of branching is lowered. A molecular-level explanation for this behavior is given in terms of the energy barriers for intramolecular reorientation. Other dynamic properties, such as the diffusivity and rate of tumbling, were also computed and found to have similar dependencies on temperature as the viscosity. Based on these calculations, it appears that PAO molecules with long, widely spaced branches should yield a higher VN than those with short, closely spaced branches. The impact of shear rate on PAO properties is also investigated. High shear rates and shear-thinning increases the VN because the behavior of the fluid is largely dominated by the flow field rather than by the thermodynamic state point. Contrary to what has been observed with linear alkanes, it is observed that molecular alignment with the flow field does not always correlate with enhanced shear-thinning. These observations are explained in terms of a competition between the shear forces responsible for aligning the molecules and intermolecular forces that resist shear-thinning. The results of the present work provide molecular-level explanations for the favorable lubricant properties exhibited by “star-like” molecules and suggest an important strategy for assisting in a more rational approach toward the development of improved lubricants and additives.
ELABORAÇÃO, COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E AVALIAÇÃO SENSORIAL DE SOBREMESAS LÁCTEAS ACHOCOLATADAS COM ABACATE Preparation, chemical composition and sensory test of milky chocolate desserts with avocado. (2011)

O aproveitamento de frutas tropicais na elaboracao de produtos lacteos tem sido estudado no intuito da valorizacao destes e na tentativa de agregar maior valor nutricional a tais preparacoes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver sobremesas lacteas achocolatadas (SLA) com diferentes proporcoes de abacate e determinar a sua composicao centesimal e de compostos antioxidantes, alem de verifi car a aceitacao e atributos destas formulacoes. Elaboraramse tres formulacoes contendo 28,8% de abacate (FA), 36,3% (FB), e 41,7% (FC). Para o preparo das formulacoes utilizouse como ingredientes: abacate, acucar, achocolatado, creme de leite e leite. As analises quimicas realizadas foram: composicao centesimal, determinacao de fenolicos, fl avonoides e antocianinas totais. Os testes sensoriais compreenderam: teste de aceitacao com escala hedonica de 9 pontos; teste de preferencia por ordenacao, e analise de atributos sensoriais. Na composicao nutricional a FC apresentou os maiores teores de lipidios, fl avonoides e antocianinas em relacao as demais (p
Anti‐obesity and hypolipidaemic effects of <i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> seed ethanol extract in human pre‐adipocytes and rats fed a high‐fat diet (2013)

These results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of NSEE on adipogenesis. In addition, NSEE had a beneficial effect, reducing adipose tissue weights, ameliorating blood lipid profile, and modulating serum leptin level in rats fed a high-fat diet. Therefore, we suggest that lotus seed has a potential to be developed as an effective agent against obesity-related diseases.
Chemical Properties of Chromium/Polyacrylamide Gels (1994)

SUMMARY Experimental studies on aqueous Cr+3/polyacrylamide (HPAAm) gels have led to new insight into their structure and chemical properties. In particular, Cr+3 is shown to form molecular crosslinking complexes with HPAAm, and to display chemical reactivity typical of inorganic coordination complexes. On the basis of ligand-induced de-gelation reactions, a new hypothesis regarding the bonding between HPAAm and Cr+3 is formulated. Comparisons are made between the chemistry of HPAAm gels prepared with chromium acetate complexes and those with inorganic Cr+3.
Differential association of phosphatases with hematopoietic co‐receptors bearing immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibition motifs (1997)

A novel family of inhibitory co-receptors has been recently defined according to the presence in their intracytoplasmic domain of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIM). In particular, this family includes a low-affinity receptor for IgG, Fc gammaRIIB, which is widely expressed on hematopoietic cells, as well as killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIR) for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins, expressed on both T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes. Fc gammaRIIB and KIR inhibitory function depends upon the tyrosine phosphorylation of their respective ITIM. Phosphorylated Fc gammaRIIB and KIR ITIM bind the tandem SH2 tyrosine phosphatases, SHP-1 and SHP-2. Recently, Fc gammaRIIB has been shown to associate with a polyphosphate inositol 5-phosphatase, SHIP, which appears to be involved in its inhibitory function. Using cell lysate adsorption to phosphorylated ITIM peptides and surface plasmon resonance, we demonstrate here that, in contrast to Fc gammaRIIB, KIR (CD158b: p58.2) do not bind to SHIP, and only recruit SHP-1 and SHP-2. In addition, we show that point mutation of the amino acid residue in position tyrosine-2 of Fc gammaRIIB and KIR ITIM abolihes their binding to SHP-1 and SHP-2, but leaves intact the association of SHIP with Fc gammaRIIB ITIM. These data contribute to the structural definition of ITIM and document a differential recruitment of phosphatases by distinct ITIM. These findings also reveal that diverse strategies of inhibition are used by distinct members of the ITIM-bearing co-receptor family.
Cardiac growth and angiogenesis coordinated by intertissue interactions (2007)

Cardiac hypertrophy and angiogenesis are coordinately regulated during physiological or adaptive cardiac growth, and disruption of the balanced growth and angiogenesis leads to contractile dysfunction and heart failure. Coordination of growth and angiogenesis is in part mediated by the secretion of angiogenic growth factors from myocytes in response to hypertrophic stimuli, which enables the vasculature to "catch up" to the growth of the myocardium. In this issue of the JCI, two studies provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of cardiac growth and coronary angiogenesis. Heineke et al. demonstrate that GATA4 acts as a stress-responsive transcription factor in murine cardiac myocytes that induces the expression of angiogenic growth factors (see the related article beginning on page 3198). Tirziu et al. show that enhanced coronary angiogenesis per se leads to hypertrophic growth of myocytes through a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism (see the related article beginning on page 3188). These studies, together with previous reports, suggest the existence of reciprocal signals between the myocardium and the vasculature that promote the growth of each other in a paracrine fashion.
Effect of SOCl<sub>2</sub> Treatment on Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Networks (2005)

Chemical modification by SOCl2 of an entangled network of purified single-wall carbon nanotubes, also known as 'bucky paper', is reported to profoundly change the electrical and mechanical properties of this system. Four-probe measurements indicate a conductivity increase by up to a factor of 5 at room temperature and an even more pronounced increase at lower temperatures. This chemical modification also improves the mechanical properties of SWNT networks. Whereas the pristine sample shows an overall semiconducting character, the modified material behaves as a metal. The effect of SOCl2 is studied in terms of chemical doping of the nanotube network. We identified the microscopic origin of these changes using SEM, XPS, NEXAFS, EDX, and Raman spectroscopy measurements and ab initio calculations. We interpret the SOCl2-induced conductivity increase by p-type doping of the pristine material. This conclusion is reached by electronic structure calculations, which indicate a Fermi level shift into the valence band, and is consistent with the temperature dependence of the thermopower.
Multidimensional Vascularized Polymers using Degradable Sacrificial Templates (2014)

Complex multidimensional vascular polymers are created, enabled by sacrificial template materials of 0D to 3D. Sacrificial material consisting of the commodity biopolymer poly(lactic acid) is treated with a tin catalyst to accelerate thermal depolymerization, and formed into sacrificial templates across multiple dimensions and spanning several orders of magnitude in scale: spheres (0D), fibers (1D), sheets (2D), and 3D printed. Templates are embedded in a thermosetting polymer and removed using a thermal treatment process, vaporization of sacrificial components (VaSC), leaving behind an inverse replica. The effectiveness of VaSC is verified both ex situ and in situ, and the resulting structures are validated via flow rate testing. The VaSC platform is expanded to create vascular and porous architectures across a wide range of size and geometry, allowing engineering applications to take advantage of vascular designs optimized by biology.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Aqueous Phenol Wastes Using Active and Nonactive Electrodes (2002)

The electrochemical oxidation of acidic aqueous phenol wastes has been studied using boron-doped diamond thin-film (BDD) and AISI 304 stainless steel (SS) electrodes. A voltammetric study shows marked differences in the electrochemical behavior of these two electrodes. The surface of the SS electrodes undergoes significant changes when this material is used as the anode in the treatment of aqueous wastes, even in the potential region of electrolyte stability. These changes have important effects on the waste treatment process. Conversely, the BDD electrode does not undergo any appreciable change during the electrochemical oxidation of the wastes. An electrolysis study highlighted significant differences between the behavior of the two electrodes. First, the oxidation performed using a BDD electrode leads to the rapid sequential formation of aromatic compounds (hydroquinone, benzoquinone), carboxylic acids (maleic, fumaric, and oxalic), and carbon dioxide. The oxidation performed using SS electrodes, on the other hand, involves a slower sequential formation of the same compounds, indicating a lower energetic efficiency of these electrodes in the destruction of the organic matter, and to the formation of some insoluble compounds resulting from the electrocoagulation of organic matter with iron dissolved from the electrode. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Transforming growth factor-β inhibition attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. (2010)

The role of transforming growth factor-β in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension is unclear. We examined the effects of T9429, an antibody against transforming growth factor-β receptors, on hemodynamic, histological and functional parameters in the rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. One week after monocrotaline injection (60 mg/kg) in 28 Wistar rats, T9429 (0.1mg/kg daily) was administered intraperito-neally in 19 rats (268±10g) via an osmotic mini-pump for 7 days. One week thereafter, right ventricular systolic pressure, pulmonary vascular remodeling and exercise tolerance were evaluated. Compared to the monocrotaline group (25.5±1.9mmHg), right ventricular systolic pressure was lower (p=0.0014) in the monocrotaline+antibody group (18.4±0.8mmHg). This was translated into attenuated right ventricular hypertrophy (p=0.0063) and longer (p=0.0155) exercise duration (2.08±0.29min versus 6.19±1.02min). Pulmonary arterial wall thickness (in vessels 50 -200μm) was comparable between the two groups, but the monocrotaline+antibody group displayed lower number (p<0.0001) of pre-capillary arterioles (<50μm, in 20 randomly selected fields) with a muscularized media (23.33±3.15 versus 6.64±0.75). Our results suggest that transforming growth factor-β receptor blockade improves vascular remodeling and attenuates pulmonary hypertension, a finding with potential therapeutic implications.
Build a Bridge to the Internal Audit Department (2001)

While the audit committee must oversee dealings with the outside auditor, it should also have a strong sense of the challenges facing the internal auditors. Contact with the internal audit department is crucial, says Patricia Carbine, chairwoman of the audit committee of New York Life Insurance Co. Carbine believes that regular and open communication with the internal auditors is critical for audit committee to develop a meaningful understanding of a company's financial reporting systems and processes. Her own experience and initiatives at New York Life offer a road map other boards of directors can follow to foster stronger relationships between the audit committee and internal auditor. Maintain regularly scheduled contact. When the audit committee meets four times a year, we have at the table the general auditor, the deputy general auditor (members of internal audit), the head of compliance and other staff members as needed, Carbine says. One of the cofounders of Ms. magazine and the president of the Ms. Foundation for Education and Communication, Inc., as well as cofounder of the Ms. Foundation for Women, Inc., and a veteran of many not-for-profit boards, Carbine joined New York Life's audit committee in 1987 and became chairwoman in 1989. At that time the committee met briefly only during the morning of the board of directors' meeting, but today it convenes for three hours the afternoon before those board meetings. Each of these afternoons ends with executive sessions that include both internal and outside auditors but no other company management representatives. Carbine calls the company CEO after her committee's executive sessions to discuss salient points. time involved is an indication of how complex the audit universe has become for audit committees, she says. It's also indication of the care and attention we feel we must give to the Keep in touch between meetings. Carbine also has frequent, unscheduled contact with Thomas Warga, the company's general auditor and head of internal audit. We talk about the agendas of upcoming meetings and have informal discussions about issues such as regulatory and legal concerns. committee also holds annual reception for internal audit staff. We have actually visited the audit department as a committee, wearing nametags, to say hello and have a cup of coffee together, Carbine reports. The members of the audit department get to meet us and we get to move around and give the people who labor so intensely a sense of what we're like and how much we appreciate their work. Such informal follow-up to the usual committee business makes important difference in the working relationship between the internal audit staff and the committee, she believes. Otherwise, Carbine says, the head of internal audit might be less likely to speak his or her mind on challenging issues or may hesitate to bother a committee chairperson with information that could ultimately prove important. Ask questions. Carbine works actively to stay informed of audit issues. internal audit staff gives her annual presentation on the audit plan after it is finalized. …