gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmids containing mouse rDNA do not recombine with cellular ribosomal genes when introduced into cultured mouse cells. (1984)

We have examined the fate of plasmids containing a segment of a mouse rDNA repeat after they were introduced by transfection into cultured mouse cells. In addition to the rDNA segment, the plasmids contained the thymidine kinase gene from herpes simplex virus 1 to allow for selection of the plasmid after transfection into thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells. Thus far, no cases of homologous recombination between transfected plasmid DNAs and host cell sequences have been documented. We reasoned that the high repetition frequency of the rRNA genes in the mouse genome (200 copies per diploid cell) might create a favorable situation for obtaining homologous recombination events between the plasmids containing rDNA and host cell rDNA sequences. The plasmids were introduced into cells in both the presence and the absence of carrier DNA and both as covalently closed circles and linear molecules. The sites of plasmid integration in the genomes of various cell lines were examined by DNA restriction digests and hybridization, molecular cloning, and nuclear fractionation. In the seven cell lines examined, there was no evidence that the plasmids had integrated into the rRNA gene clusters of the cell. Thus, the apparent absence of site-specific integration of cloned DNAs introduced into mammalian cells does not appear to be due simply to the small target presented by most host cell sequences.
Quantum yields of triplet and O2(1 delta g) formation of 4-thiouridine in water and acetonitrile. (1990)

The quantum yield of triplet formation, phi T, and that of the photosensitized formation of singlet molecular oxygen, phi delta, were determined for a rare nucleoside, 4-thiouridine (4t-Urd), in water and in acetonitrile, using singlet molecular oxygen phosphorescence, laser-induced optoacoustics and time-resolved thermal lensing. These yields, phi T and phi delta, the latter in aerated solutions, were found to be, respectively, in water: 0.67 +/- 0.17 and 0.18 +/- 0.04 and in acetonitrile: 0.61 +/- 0.15 and 0.50 +/- 0.20. The fraction of the 4t-Urd triplet molecules quenched by oxygen leading to singlet molecular oxygen, S delta, was calculated to be between 0.7 and unity in both solvents, this value being indicative of a pi pi*character for the lowest triplet state of 4t-Urd.
High efficiency input–output prism waveguide coupler: an analysis (1979)

The theory and experimental results of the performance of a practical prism waveguide input-output coupler are presented. The coupling scheme, which results in a 94% coupling efficiency, uses a single prism for both input and output coupling, with the light propagating 1 cm in the LiNbO(3) Ti in diffused waveguide.
A robust defense against Content-Sniffing XSS attacks (2010)

Many Web sites such as MySpace, Facebook and Twitter allow their users to upload files. However when a Web site's Content-Sniffing algorithm differs from a browser's Content-Sniffing algorithm, an attacker can often mount a Content-Sniffing XSS attack on the visitor. That is, by carefully embedding HTML code containing malicious script into a non-HTML file and uploading this file to the Web site, an attacker can deceive the visitor's browser into assuming the file as HTML file and run the script code. However Content-Sniffing XSS attack can be avoided if files uploaded on the server are checked for HTML codes. In this paper we propose a server-side ingress filter that aims to protect vulnerable browsers which may treat non-HTML files as HTML files. Our filter examines user-uploaded files against a set of potentially dangerous HTML elements (a set of regular expressions). The results of our experiment show that the proposed automata-based scheme is highly efficient and more accurate than existing signature-based approach.
Inhibitory activity in human marrow plasma directed against mouse marrow cell proliferation: reduced in subjects with decreased granulopoiesis. (1976)

Human venous plasma is known to contain a lipoprotein-inhibitor of mouse marrow cell growth which we have found does not have cell type-specificity, in that it inhibits mouse lymphoma cell as well as marrow cell colony formation in vitro. Following its removal by CHCl3, we have identified residual inhibitory activity which reduces the growth of mouse marrow cells but not lymphoma cells. This inhibitory activity was found to be present in marrow and to much lesser extent in peripheral venous plasma obtained from subjects without disturbances in granulopoiesis. It was markedly reduced in subjects with disorders in which normal granulopoiesis was reduced, such as acute leukemia. The deficiency of this inhibitory activity in the marrow plasma of subjects with leukemia and related disorders may be due to a reduction in the cells from which it is derived (e.g. normal neutrophils or stromal cells), although further studies will be required to verify its presence and to determine its source and physiological role in granulopoiesis in man.
Egg Albumen Proteins Interactions in an Angel Food Cake System (1981)

ABSTRACT The foaming properties of six albumen proteins were tested singly and in combinations in an angel food cake system. Physicochemical characteristics and foamability of the protein solutions and volume of cakes were determined. Solutions containing only globulins had good foaming properties and produced a large cake with excellent texture. Solutions of ovalbumin incorporated air after a long whip time and produced a large, coarse textured cake. Ovomucin, lysozyme, ovomucoid, and conalbumin had little or no foaming capacity. Association of ovomucin with globulins favored foam formation; however, cake volume was drastically reduced. Lysozyme, by complexing with ovomucin, depressed foaminess of the protein solutions but considerably larger cakes were produced. Lack of heat coagulative properties of the protein film was primarily responsible for low cake volumes.
Persistence of armor layers in gravel‐bed streams (2005)

Streambed surfaces are typically coarsened, or armored, at low flows, but there is little evidence of their condition during floods, when significant hydraulic and ecologic disturbance occurs. Some flume experiments have been used to conclude that armor layers wash out during floods, although other experiments have produced a persistent armor layer. In the absence of clear field or flume evidence, we use a surface‐based transport model in an inverse prediction of surface grain size as a function of transport rates observed in the field. The predicted surface grain size matches that observed at low flow and indicates that low‐flow armor layers persist at large flows. In the field, transport grain size increases with transport rate, reducing or eliminating adjustments in bed surface grain size as flow and transport increase. A persistent armor layer considerably simplifies the prediction of sediment transport, hydraulic roughness, and habitat disturbance during floods.
First-principles theory of atomic-scale friction (1990)

We determine the atomic-scale friction associated with a layer of Pd atoms moving across a graphite substrate from ab initio total-energy calculations. We evaluate the friction energy caused by variations of the chemical bond strength and work against an external force (load) due to variations of the bond length along the trajectory. We find only a very small dependence of the Pd-graphite interaction on the adsorption site which gives rise to a very small friction coefficient \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\approxeq}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ for loads near ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}$ N. We also find \ensuremath{\mu} to increase with load in agreement with recent experiments.
Factors influencing efficiencies of TiO<sub>2</sub>-sensitised photodegradation. Part 1.—Substituted benzoic acids: discrepancies with dark-adsorption parameters (1990)

Adsorption isotherm data have been determined at 295 K for salicylic (SA), 4-aminobenzoic (ABZA) and 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoic (CHBZA) acids onto TiO2 particles suspended in dilute aqueous solution. Good fit is achieved between these dark-adsorption data and linearised isotherm expressions based on competitive adsorption–desorption equilibria involving competition between solute and solvent. Such linear analyses yield values for K, the equilibrium constants, and also for (ns2)max, the limiting extents of solute adsorption, attainable in competition with the solvent. The latter values do not correspond to occupancy of each surface O—Ti—O site by a single adsorbed solute, but rather indicate that, on average, each adsorbed acid molecule coexists with ca. 40 adsorbed H2O molecules. Concentration dependences predicted for rates of photodegradation of SA, ABZA and CHBZA on the basis of the experimentally determined adsorption parameters, plus an assumption that a pseudo-first-order Langmuir–Hinshelwood-type rate expression applies to TiO2-sensitised photodegradations, differ markedly from initial rates observed for the latter at 297.5 ± 2.5 K. Consideration is given to various mechanistic sources of such discrepancy.
<i>Caulobacter</i> PopZ forms a polar subdomain dictating sequential changes in pole composition and function (2010)

The bacterium Caulobacter crescentus has morphologically and functionally distinct cell poles that undergo sequential changes during the cell cycle. We show that the PopZ oligomeric network forms polar ribosome exclusion zones that change function during cell cycle progression. The parS/ParB chromosomal centromere is tethered to PopZ at one pole prior to the initiation of DNA replication. During polar maturation, the PopZ-centromere tether is broken, and the PopZ zone at that pole then switches function to act as a recruitment factor for the ordered addition of multiple proteins that promote the transformation of the flagellated pole into a stalked pole. Stalked pole assembly, in turn, triggers the initiation of chromosome replication, which signals the formation of a new PopZ zone at the opposite cell pole, where it functions to anchor the newly duplicated centromere that has traversed the long axis of the cell. We propose that pole-specific control of PopZ function co-ordinates polar development and cell cycle progression by enabling independent assembly and tethering activities at the two cell poles.
RNA interference (RNAi) of Ufd1 protein can sensitize a hydroxycamptothecin‐resistant colon cancer cell line SW1116/HCPT to hydroxycamptothecin (2011)

Ufd1 plays a key role in HCPT resistance of SW1116/HCPT and RNAi of Ufd1 can sensitize SW1116/HCPT to the cytotoxic effect of HCPT via strengthening the activation of caspase-3 pathway and disturbing endoplasmic reticulum functions.
Interferometry of wave fronts reflected off conical surfaces (1983)

Interferometry of wave fronts reflected off conical surfaces requires new interferometric schemes. The pencil beam interferometer is proposed as a metrology tool for conical as well as for spherical optical surfaces. The instrument employs two narrow pencil beams which scan the optical surface to be measured. An electronic fringe position readout system, which measures the location of the fringes that develop through interference of the pencil beams, provides high accuracy surface information. Metrology on a waxicon indicates a measurement precision of ±6 nm. Due to the differential nature of the instrument, alignment requirements are relatively modest.
Recent progress on metallic Sn- and Sb-based anodes for sodium-ion batteries (2020)

Sodium-ion batteries with metallic Sn- and Sb-based anodes have great potential for application in large-scale green energy storage devices.
Synthesis of a Fluorinated Ether Lipid Analogous to a Platelet Activating Factor (2001)

The synthesis of racemic 2-fluoro-3-hexadecyloxy-2-methylprop-1-yl 2′-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate (10), a fluorinated analogue of the anticancer active and blood platelet activating ether lipids 8 and 9, has been achieved in a six-step sequence from methallyl alcohol (11). Etherification of 11 with hexadecyl bromide gave allylic ether 12, bromofluorination of which afforded the bromo-substituted fluoride 13, which was subsequently transformed into the acetate 14. Hydrolysis of 14 gave the key intermediate 2-fluoro-2-(hexadecyloxymethyl)propanol (15), which was attached to the phosphocholine residue in the final step. Enzyme-catalyzed deracemization of the fluorohydrin 15 by acetylation with several lipases gave optically active compounds 14 and 15, with a maximum ee of 61% for 15 with Candida antarctica lipase catalysis after 74% conversion. An enantioselective synthesis of 10, based on a planned eight-step synthesis starting from α-methylstyrene, failed. The anticancer activity of racemic 10 has been observed in an in vivo model of methylcholanthrene-induced mouse fibrosarcoma.
Anomalien der Temperaturabhängigkeit des Elastizitätsmoduls von Niob-Zirkonium-Legierungen und reinem Niob (1967)

Article Anomalien der Temperaturabhängigkeit des Elastizitätsmoduls von Niob-Zirkonium-Legierungen und reinem Niob was published on May 1, 1967 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 58, issue 5).
SupportingTrust in Autonomous Driving (2017)

Autonomous cars will likely hit the market soon, but trust into such a technology is one of the big discussion points in the public debate. Drivers who have always been in complete control of their car are expected to willingly hand over control and blindly trust a technology that could kill them. We argue that trust in autonomous driving can be increased by means of a driver interface that visualizes the car's interpretation of the current situation and its corresponding actions. To verify this, we compared different visualizations in a user study, overlaid to a driving scene: (1) a chauffeur avatar, (2) a world in miniature, and (3) a display of the car's indicators as the baseline. The world in miniature visualization increased trust the most. The human-like chauffeur avatar can also increase trust, however, we did not find a significant difference between the chauffeur and the baseline.
Mobility Aware Server Selection for Mobile Streaming Multimedia Content Distribution Networks (2006)

We propose a Content Delivery Network (CDN) with servers arranged hierarchically in multiple tiers. Lower-tier servers are topologically closer to the clients, and hence can deliver better QoS in terms of end-to-end delay and jitter. On the other hand, higher-tier servers have a larger coverage area and hence their clients incur fewer server handoffs. We present a server selection scheme that reduces the number of server handoffs while meeting differentiated QoS requirement for each client. The scheme dynamically estimates the client’s residence time and uses a simple algorithm to assign clients to the appropriate tier. The scheme also caters for traditional server selection criteria, such as the expected QoS from the servers, bandwidth consumption, and the server load. We show through simulations that the scheme can achieve up to 15% reduction in handoffs, at the cost of minimal increases in delay and jitter while ensuring that clients of different QoS classes experience different delays.
Deep Myocardial Ablation Lesions Can Be Created with a Retractable Needle‐Tipped Catheter (2004)

RF catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia is sometimes limited by inadequate lesion depth. This study investigated the use of a retractable needle-tipped catheter to create deep RF lesions in vivo in porcine myocardium. An 8 Fr electrode catheter with an extendable 27-gauge needle at the tip was modified for RF ablation by embedding a thermocouple and attaching a pin connector. In three swine (32-58 kg) the left ventricle was entered via the femoral artery and endocardial contact was made. The needle was advanced 10 mm and 13 RF applications were made under a controlled temperature (90 degrees C x 120 s). Nine control lesions were made using a standard 4-mm tip catheter (60 degrees C x 120 s). The lesions were fixed, serially sectioned from the endocardium, digitally imaged, and quantified. Needle ablation lesions were deeper (10.15 +/- 0.77 vs 5.67 +/- 0.37 mm, P < 0.001) and more likely to be transmural (77 vs 11%, P = 0.008) than control lesions. The volume of control lesions, however, was larger (358.4 +/- 56.2 vs 174.7 +/- 18.6 mm(3), P = 0.002) due to a significantly larger cross-sectional area at the endocardium (0.548 +/- 0.04 vs 0.151 +/- 0.01 cm(2), P < 0.001). At depths > 6 mm, the needle electrode lesions had a greater cross-sectional area (0.136 +/- 0.01 vs 0.005 +/- 0.004 cm(2), P < 0.001). Catheter-based needle ablation is feasible and allows creation of deeper lesions that can be transmural. Although deep, the lesions had a small cross-sectional area such that precise targeting would be required for success.
Examining Concussion Rates and Return to Play in High School Football Players Wearing Newer Helmet Technology: A Three-Year Prospective Cohort Study (2006)

Recent sophisticated laboratory research has better elucidated injury biomechanics associated with concussion in professional football players. This data has led to changes in helmet design and new helmet technology, which appears to have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of cerebral concussion in high school football players.
Apricot: A Weight-Adaptation Approach to Fixing Deep Learning Models (2019)

A deep learning (DL) model is inherently imprecise. To address this problem, existing techniques retrain a DL model over a larger training dataset or with the help of fault injected models or using the insight of failing test cases in a DL model. In this paper, we present Apricot, a novel weight-adaptation approach to fixing DL models iteratively. Our key observation is that if the deep learning architecture of a DL model is trained over many different subsets of the original training dataset, the weights in the resultant reduced DL model (rDLM) can provide insights on the adjustment direction and magnitude of the weights in the original DL model to handle the test cases that the original DL model misclassifies. Apricot generates a set of such reduced DL models from the original DL model. In each iteration, for each failing test case experienced by the input DL model (iDLM), Apricot adjusts each weight of this iDLM toward the average weight of these rDLMs correctly classifying the test case and/or away from that of these rDLMs misclassifying the same test case, followed by training the weight-adjusted iDLM over the original training dataset to generate a new iDLM for the next iteration. The experiment using five state-of-the-art DL models shows that Apricot can increase the test accuracy of these models by 0.87%-1.55% with an average of 1.08%. The experiment also reveals the complementary nature of these rDLMs in Apricot.
Novel Methods for Multilinear Data Completion and De-noising Based on Tensor-SVD (2014)

In this paper we propose novel methods for completion (from limited samples) and de-noising of multilinear (tensor) data and as an application consider 3-D and 4- D (color) video data completion and de-noising. We exploit the recently proposed tensor-Singular Value Decomposition (t-SVD)[11]. Based on t-SVD, the notion of multilinear rank and a related tensor nuclear norm was proposed in [11] to characterize informational and structural complexity of multilinear data. We first show that videos with linear camera motion can be represented more efficiently using t-SVD compared to the approaches based on vectorizing or flattening of the tensors. Since efficiency in representation implies efficiency in recovery, we outline a tensor nuclear norm penalized algorithm for video completion from missing entries. Application of the proposed algorithm for video recovery from missing entries is shown to yield a superior performance over existing methods. We also consider the problem of tensor robust Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for de-noising 3-D video data from sparse random corruptions. We show superior performance of our method compared to the matrix robust PCA adapted to this setting as proposed in [4].
An approach to the routine estimation of circulating carcinoembryonic antigen immune complexes in patients with carcinomata of the gastrointestinal tract. (1979)

The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) distribution obtained after fractionation of thirty sera of patients with gastrointestinal tumours by gel filtration in Sephadex G200 was compared with that resulting from extraction of the sera with perchloric acid. In all cases gel filtration yielded a fraction of free CEA and in twenty-three cases an additional fraction of CEA immune complexes. The amounts of free CEA corresponded fairly well to the fractions of CEA which could be extracted by perchloric acid. The CEA content of the fraction containing CEA immune complexes was comparable to the CEA content of the perchloric acid precipitates. The presence of CEA immune complexes in the perchloric acid precipitates could be demonstrated by gel filtration under dissociating andnon-dissociating conditions and after pre-incubation with 125I-CEA by radioimmuno-double-diffusion using monospecific rabbit antisera against human IgM and IgG.
Peptic hydrolysis of gluten, glutenin and gliadin from wheat grain: Kinetics and characterisation of peptides (1986)

Abstract The kinetics of the hydrolysis of gluten, glutenin and gliadin by pepsin was studied by following the reaction of the hydrolysate with ninhydrin and by SDS‐gel electro‐phoresis. Glutenin was more rapidly hydrolysed than native molecules of gliadin and produced components of different size. The first stage of hydrolysis of gliadin resulted in the formation of fragments mainly in the range 25 000 and 10 000 daltons whereas polypeptides generated from glutenin had subunits of molecular weight (MW) in the range 65 000, 30 000 and 10 000. Further hydrolysis resulted in the formation of subunits of MW around 24 000 and 14 000 for glutenin and gliadin respectively. The final stage of hydrolysis produced a quantity of peptides of MW under 10 000 and a small quantity of free amino acids. No obvious differences in the molecular weights of the polypeptides released were found when the enzyme to gliadin ratio was varied. Components obtained from glutenin and gliadin were further characterised after gel filtration on Sephadex G50. Large polypeptides derived from both gliadin and glutenin contained large amounts of proline and glutamate. Surface hydrophobicity of derived components were different, and inferior to, those of the reduced glutenin and native gliadin. Reduction of disulphide bonds of digested polypeptides of glutenin showed the existence of peptides branched by interchain disulphide bonds. Peptic cleavage sites were probably located differently in glutenin and gliadin molecules.