gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adsorption in Simulated Moving Beds (2009)

Abstract Chromatographic separation is based on the differential affinity of the components to a surface of solid adsorbent. While the batch or elution chromatography has found the largest number of applications up to now, Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) chromatography as a continuous process is gaining more attention due to its advantages in terms of productivity and eluent consumption. SMB is a multicolumn, continuous adsorption separation process that increases throughput, purity and yield relative to batch chromatography. Designing SMB processes involves, among other tasks, the selection of the number of columns per zone and the proper selection of the flowrates (feed, desorbent, raffinate, extract and recycle) and of the switching times in each cycle of operation. Nowadays, SMB technology has been applied to separation and purification of proteins, enantiomers and sugars. Several advances to improve SMB technology efficiency includes new configurations of equipment designs to provide more degrees of freedom than the classical process and also the implementation of the use of solvent gradient, temperature gradient and of supercritical fluids as eluents. The rise of biotechnological products within the marketplace for pharmaceuticals is but one example of how recent developments in this area are making a major impact.
Enzyme-catalyzed organic synthesis: practical routes to aza sugars and their analogs for use as glycoprocessing inhibitors (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzyme-catalyzed organic synthesis: practical routes to aza sugars and their analogs for use as glycoprocessing inhibitorsGary C. Look, Christopher H. Fotsch, and Chi Huey WongCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1993, 26, 4, 182–190Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00028a008Request reuse permissionsArticle Views647Altmetric-Citations262LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (964 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal by Saffron Stigma-like Structures Proliferated<i>in Vitro</i> (1987)

Crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal as the major secondary metabolites are important for the high quality of spice saffron. Crocin and picrocrocin were detected in stigma-like structures proliferated in vitro. Safranal appeared after heat treatment. The contents and relative ratio of these substances in the stigma-like structures were similar to those in intact young stigmas, indicating that these stigma-like structures showed not only morphological but also biochemical similarity to the intact stigmas.
The sorption of ammonium chloride vapour in zeolites. Part I. Hydrogen chloride and ammonia (1970)

The sorption of anhydrous hydrogen chloride and of ammonia was studied at temperatures in the range 190–320° in molecular sieve zeolites, as part of an investigation of the uptake of ammonium chloride vapour in a similar temperature range.When hydrogen chloride was sorbed in porous crystals it reacted in part with them. In decationated zeolites a small amount of aluminium was released from the aluminosilicate framework. In cation-bearing zeolites there was also considerable exchange of cations by hydrogen. In addition in porous aluminosilicates in which the silica : alumina ratio was less than ca. 5 some lattice breakdown occurred, which was ascribed to attack on Si–O–Al bonds. Because of these reactions isotherms of hydrogen chloride were irreversible.Isotherms of ammonia were reversible except those in H–Y. Chemisorption occurred in H–Y and H–Zeolon, forming the ammonium zeolites. Isosteric heats of sorption and differential entropies of sorbed ammonia showed that Na–Y, H–Zeolon, and K–L were energetically heterogeneous to ammonia. Isotherms in Na–Y and K–L were very well described by the isotherm equation based on a virial equation for sorbed ammonia. The activity coefficient of zeolitic ammonia was examined as a test for isotherm models.
Cognitive Profiling Useful for Unraveling Cross-Disorder Mechanisms (2016)

Cognitive subtyping may be essential for understanding shared mechanisms underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants from a population-based sample ( n = 360) and an ASD/ADHD clinic-based sample ( n = 254), ages 5 to 17 years, were administered a broad cognitive battery. Latent class analyses revealed a similar four-cognitive-class solution in both samples mainly characterized by speed–accuracy tradeoff differences instead of specific strengths and weaknesses. The classes were strongly predictive of both ASD and ADHD (and comorbid) symptoms in the clinical, but not the population, sample. Results support the hypothesis that both disorders are manifestations of the same overarching disorder and illustrate the effectiveness of subtyping based on cognitive profiles. Results also support a step-function endophenotype model, in which cognitive problems mediate the gene–psychopathology associations but only in a clinically relevant way in the subgroup of children with high genetic susceptibility. Pre-onset longitudinal research is needed to corroborate this.
Ultraschall-Mikrowellen-Sensorsystem mit diversitär-redundanter Auswertung der Phasensignale (Ultrasonic-Microwave-Multisensor based on the Principle of Phase Coincidence) (2004)

Abstract Im Beitrag wird ein bisher weitgehend unbeachtet gebliebener Multisensor-Ansatz untersucht, mit dem die Vorteile der Fusion diversitärer und redundanter Sensorausgangssignale genutzt werden. Zur Messung von Geschwindigkeit und Absolutentfernung von Objekten zum Sensor wird die Phasenkoinzidenz zwischen Ultraschall- und Mikrowellen-Echosignalen ausgewertet: Die von Objekten reflektierten Ultraschall- und Mikrowellen-Signale werden mit kohärenten Echofrequenzen empfangen, während Störsignale unterschiedlich auf beide Wellen einwirken. Simulationen und Messergebnisse mit einem Ultraschall-Mikrowellen-Dualsensor mit Trägerfrequenzen von 40 kHz (Ultraschall) und 24 GHz (Mikrowellen) zeigen die erwarteten guten Systemeigenschaften. Wichtige Sensorfunktionen wie Selbstüberwachung und Plausibilitätstests werden ebenfalls durch das Koinzidenzprinzip unterstützt.
Clinical applications of a direct assay of free protein S antigen using monoclonal antibodies. A study of 59 cases (1994)

A new one-step ELISA using two monoclonal antibodies specific for distinct epitopes of the free form of protein S (ELISA-m) has been developed for the direct measurement of free protein S in untreated plasma. This assay has been compared with the classic method using polyclonal antibodies to protein S (ELISA-p). The latter method has the drawback of requiring PEG precipitation of plasma which is time-consuming, difficult to perform with accuracy and therefore poorly reproducible in most laboratories. Results of both ELISAs were compared with those of a functional assay. In 30 normal subjects, there was an excellent correlation between ELISA-m and ELISA-p (r = 0.95) as well as between ELISA-m and the functional assay (r = 0.96). In twelve patients with a congenital deficiency, the levels of free protein S antigen were similarly decreased with ELISA-m and ELISA-p and in good agreement with those of protein S activity. In 20 patients with miscellaneous inflammatory diseases, the levels of free proteins S were normal with good correlation between both ELISAs and PS activity, despite high levels of C4bBP-protein S complexes. As expected, in 15 dicoumarol-treated patients, there was a significant and parallel decrease of free protein S antigen with both ELISAs, with even lower levels of protein S activity. In 14 patients with liver cirrhosis, the mean values for free protein S antigen were normal using both assays, but with wide extreme values, whereas protein S activity was significantly lower.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Flavor network and the principles of food pairing (2011)

The cultural diversity of culinary practice, as illustrated by the variety of regional cuisines, raises the question of whether there are any general patterns that determine the ingredient combinations used in food today or principles that transcend individual tastes and recipes. We introduce a flavor network that captures the flavor compounds shared by culinary ingredients. Western cuisines show a tendency to use ingredient pairs that share many flavor compounds, supporting the so-called food pairing hypothesis. By contrast, East Asian cuisines tend to avoid compound sharing ingredients. Given the increasing availability of information on food preparation, our data-driven investigation opens new avenues towards a systematic understanding of culinary practice.
High Linearity InGaP/GaAs Power HBTs by Collector Design (2004)

Improved power linearity of InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with collector design is reported. The collector design is based on nonuniform collector doping profile which is to employ a thin high-doping layer (5/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3//200 /spl Aring/) inside the collector (1/spl times/10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3//7000 /spl Aring/). The additional thin high-doping layer within the collector shows no obvious effects and impacts in dc characteristics and device fabrication if the layer was inserted close to the subcollector. For an HBT with a thin high-doping layer being inserted 4000 /spl Aring/ from the base-collector junction, the experimental result on third-order intermodulation demonstrates the significant reduction by as large as 9 dBc and improved IIP3 by 5 dB under input power of -10 dBm at frequency of 1.8 GHz.
Submersible digital in-line holographic microscope (2006)

Few instruments exist that can image microscopic marine organisms in their natural environment so that their locomotion mechanisms, feeding habits, and interactions with surfaces, such as biofouling, can be investigated in situ. We describe here the design and performance of a simple submersible digital in-line holographic microscope that can image organisms and their motion with micron resolution and that can be deployed from small vessels. Holograms and reconstructed images of several microscopic aquatic organisms were successfully obtained down to a depth of 20m. Important microscope characteristics such as the effect of camera pixel size on lateral and depth resolutions as well as the maximum sample volume that can be imaged with a given resolution are discussed in detail.
Index-Based OLAP Aggregation for In-Memory Cluster Computing (2014)

In this paper, we present an OLAP aggregation approach based on key-value index to build the OLAP engine on the in-memory cluster computing environment. First, we generate binary code for each dimension attribute value and mask code for each dimension attribute. Then key-value indexes are constructed where the binary surrogate key is encoded by compounding the binary code of attribute values and the value is the list of matched fact table row ids. In our implementation, we choose Spark, which provides resilient distributed dataset(RDD) that enables users persist intermediate results in memory locally. We execute query filtering on key-value indexes by RDDs transformation and get satisfied fact row ids by intersect results of different RDDs. Through this way, we avoid complex join operations and multiple fact table scan, and further improve respond time by transforming RDDs in local machine memory. Different aggregations can be calculated on fact table only one pass. Finally, we experiment proposed OLAP prototype and two other open source ROLAP engines with TPC-DS benchmark data set. Experimental results demonstrate our OLAP prototype outperforms Shark and Hive.
Development of a Hypersensitive Periodate‐Cleavable Amino Acid that is Methionine‐ and Disulfide‐Compatible and its Application in MHC Exchange Reagents for T Cell Characterisation (2012)

Incorporation of cleavable linkers into peptides and proteins is of particular value in the study of biological processes. Here we describe the synthesis of a cleavable linker that is hypersensitive to oxidative cleavage as the result of the periodate reactivity of a vicinal amino alcohol moiety. Two strategies directed towards the synthesis of a building block suitable for solid-phase peptide synthesis were developed: a chemoenzymatic route, involving L-threonine aldolase, and an enantioselective chemical route; these led to α,γ-diamino-β-hydroxybutanoic acids in diastereoisomerically mixed and enantiopure forms, respectively. Incorporation of the 1,2-amino alcohol linker into the backbone of a peptide generated a conditional peptide that was rapidly cleaved at very low concentrations of sodium periodate. This cleavable peptide ligand was applied in the generation of MHC exchange reagents for the detection of antigen-specific T cells in peripheral blood cells. The extremely low concentration of periodate required to trigger MHC peptide exchange allowed the co-oxidation of methionine and disulfide residues to be avoided. Conditional MHC reagents hypersensitive to periodate can now be applied without limitations when UV irradiation is undesired or less practical.
Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with a high inflammatory burden that can induce vascular inflammation, myocarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias. Extensive efforts are underway to find specific vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Meanwhile, cardiovascular risk factors and conditions should be judiciously controlled per evidence-based guidelines.
Neurogenic hyperalgesia: the search for the primary cutaneous afferent fibers that contribute to capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia (1991)

1. A local cutaneous injury can produce primary hyperalgesia within the injured area and secondary hyperalgesia in the normal surrounding skin. An intradermal injection of capsaicin in humans causes intense pain and hyperalgesia to heat and to mechanical stimuli in the surrounding skin. Psychophysical studies in humans supported the conclusions that the hyperalgesia was predominantly the secondary type and depended on one set of neurons sensitizing another ("neurogenic hyperalgesia") and that the latter set of neurons is located in the central and not the peripheral nervous system. To further test this hypothesis and to search for peripheral neural mechanisms contributing to the pain and neurogenic hyperalgesia from a local injury, we performed neurophysiological experiments in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis) and recorded the responses of cutaneous primary afferent fibers to an intradermal injection of capsaicin and to mechanical and heat stimuli delivered before and after the injection. 2. Most C- and A-fiber mechanoheat-sensitive nociceptive afferent fibers (CMHs and AMHs, respectively) responded too weakly or transiently to capsaicin to account quantitatively for the magnitude of capsaicin pain. Of the known primary afferents tested with capsaicin injections, only the responses of heat-selective nociceptors could potentially account for the pain measured psychophysically in the human. In addition, a novel type of primary afferent--tentatively termed "chemonociceptive"--may have contributed as well. 3. Nociceptive fibers did not become sensitized to either mechanical or heat stimulation after an injection of capsaicin either outside, adjacent to, or inside the receptive field (RF); any changes that occurred could not explain the hyperalgesia to mechanical or heat stimuli observed in humans. 4. The depressed responsiveness ("desensitization") of both myelinated and unmyelinated nociceptive fibers in the monkey to heat and/or mechanical stimulation of the injection site after capsaicin was injected inside their RFs correlated with the analgesia observed at the capsaicin injection site in the human. 5. Capsaicin, topically applied to the RF in a vehicle of dimethyl sulfoxide or alcohol, excited CMHs and AMHs and enhanced the responses of some of these fibers to heat and/or to stroking the skin. In some cases, similar results were produced by the vehicle alone. However, capsaicin and not the vehicle lowered the thresholds of some CMHs to heat. Thus the sensitization of CMHs contributes to the primary hyperalgesia known to occur within the area of skin directly exposed to topically applied capsaicin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
TOWARDS A PREHISTORY OF OCCIDENTAL MUSIC<sup>1</sup> (1938)

TOWARDS A PREHISTORY OF OCCIDENTAL MUSIC1 Get access CURT SACHS CURT SACHS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Musical Quarterly, Volume XXIV, Issue 2, April 1938, Pages 147–152, https://doi.org/10.1093/mq/XXIV.2.147 Published: 01 April 1938
Small Molecules Revealed in a Screen Targeting Epithelial Scattering Are Inhibitors of Microtubule Polymerization (2016)

Stimulation of cultured epithelial cells with scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) results in the detachment of cell-cell junctions and initiation of cell migration. Instead of coordinating collective cell behavior within a tissue, cells become solitary and have few cell-cell interactions. Since epithelial scattering is recapitulated in cancer progression and since HGF signaling drives cancer metastasis in many cases, inhibitors of HGF signaling have been proposed to act as anticancer agents. We previously sought to better understand critical components required for HGF-induced epithelial scattering by performing a forward chemical genetics screen, which resulted in the identification of compounds with no previously reported biological activity that we report here. In efforts to determine the mechanism of these compounds, we find that many compounds have broad antiproliferative effects on cancer cell lines by arrest of cell division in G2/M with minimal induction of apoptosis. This effect is reminiscent of microtubule-targeting agents, and we find that several of these scaffolds directly inhibit microtubule polymerization. Compounds are assessed for their toxicity and pharmacokinetics in vivo. The identification of novel small-molecule inhibitors of microtubule polymerization highlights the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton in HGF-induced epithelial scattering.
Characterization of constraints in flexible unknown environments (2013)

Robot manipulation in unstructured environments depends on understanding the geometric and physical constraints that the environment imposes on the robot. While approaches like simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) allow robots to understand geometric constraints, the understanding of environmental physical manipulation constraints is largely unaddressed when exploring unstructured flexible environments. The aim of this paper is to investigate algorithms that enable robots to autonomously perform exploratory manipulation tasks to comprehend physical constraints that guide safe manipulation. To achieve this goal we break new ground in the area of constraint exploration in unknown flexible environments. We propose using spatial stiffness, represented using screw theory, as a measure of mechanical constraints in the context of flexible environments. This paper focuses on developing a compact representation of global workspace constraints using locally measured stiffness properties. Additionally, we propose methods for identifying and classifying the various types of mechanical constraints that may exist in an elastic workspace, using only local stiffness properties. Used in tandem, these methods form a real-time compatible approach for exploring and mapping constraints of a flexible unknown environment.
A review of ocular genetics and inherited eye diseases (2012)

During the past twenty years, there has been an exponential increase in the knowledge and under-standing of ocular genetic diseases and syndromes. The number of human eye diseases that have a known genetic or hereditary component continues to increase. In addition, genetic diseases are the most common cause of blindness in infants and children in developed countries. Optometrists are likely to encounter patients with inherited eye disorders. They may be the first clinician the patient consults. Inherited eye diseases may be isolated (only affecting the eye) or part of a complicated syndrome. Both isolated eye diseases and genetic syndromes can have identifiable gene mutation known to cause the disease.Knowledge of the clinical and molecular features of ocular genetics and inherited eye diseases is important for appropriate diagnosis and patient management. This article reviews the current information on ocular genetics and inherited eye diseases.The ocular conditions described in the review have significant visual impairment and blindness consequences. Therefore, optometrists (as the mostly likely first line of consultation) should be able todiagnose the condition appropriately first before they could make any management, care or referralplan. Visual aids are, of course, one of the management options for such patients with visual impairment. (S Afr Optom 2012 71(4) 178-189)
ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) (2008)

Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Oct