gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Gasoline Composition on Exhaust Emissions of Regulated and Speciated Pollutants (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The evolution of European requirements for the reduction of spark ignited engine emissions makes necessary a better understanding of the impact of gasoline formulation on regulated, photochemical and toxic pollutants.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To this end, the effects of gasoline have been studied on a European four-cylinder engine, fitted with a three-way catalyst and operated at steady state conditions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A design for experiments with mixtures made it possible to study the effects of different classes of gasoline compounds, using n-pentane, isopentane, 1-pentene, cyclohexane, n-octane, isooctane, toluene, ethylbenzene, m- and p-xylenes and o-xylene introduced in an alkylate base stock.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Aromatics, especially the more substituted ones, produce the greatest engine-out hydrocarbon emissions. They also increase the nitrogen oxide emissions. However, both unburned hydrocarbon and tailpipe nitrogen oxide emissions are decreased with aromatics. Aromatics are also the main precursors of exhaust benzene, due to the dealkylation of substituted aromatics. Aromatics lower the exhaust formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions, but aromatic aldehyde levels are increased.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Increasing the olefin concentration of fuel increase engine-out nitrogen oxide and 1,3-butadiene emissions. For this last component, cyclohexane and 1-pentene are found to be the main source. Engine-out hydrocarbon emissions are reduced with C5 hydrocarbons. Exhaust olefins are decreased with aromatic fuels.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Isooctane is found to be the most important precursor of isobutene, acetone and methacrolein.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This work carried out in I.F.P., is included in the French Programme “VEHICULE PROPRE ET ECONOME” with ADEME, ELF, ESSO SAF, P.S.A., RENAULT S.A., Société des Pétroles SHELL and TOTAL as partners.</div>
Molecular Cloning of the Acid Sphingomyelinase of the Mouse and the Organization and Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Gene (1992)

The cDNA and complete gene encoding mouse acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) has been isolated using a homology screening approach. Comparison with the human sequence shows 81% sequence identity at cDNA level and 82% at the protein level. Homology is markedly reduced in the N-terminal region, especially in the presumed signal peptide. The six-exon gene structure is similar to the human one, except for the position of Alu1 elements. The alternatively used splice site 40 bp downstream of the human exon 2 is not conserved in the mouse gene and accordingly no such alternative splicing was found in mouse.
Duke of Kent — Father of Queen Victoria (1956)

Journal Article Duke of Kent — Father of Queen Victoria Get access Harry Holland Green Harry Holland Green Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 3, Issue 10, 1 October 1956, Page 455, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/3.10.455a Published: 01 October 1956
Pharmaceutical development of an amorphous solid dispersion formulation of elacridar hydrochloride for proof-of-concept clinical studies (2016)

The ASD tablet was considered feasible for proof-of-concept clinical studies and is now used as such.
Synthesis of Soluble Poly(arylenevinylene)s Carrying Various Heterocycles as Arylene Units (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Soluble Poly(arylenevinylene)s Carrying Various Heterocycles as Arylene UnitsHiroki Saito, Shigeyuki Ukai, Shouji Iwatsuki, Takahito Itoh, and Masataka KuboCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 24, 8363–8367Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00128a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00128a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views364Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antagonistic Effect of Fatty Acids Against <i>Salmonella</i> in Meat and Bone Meal (1969)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether fatty acids have an antagonistic effect on the growth and viability of Salmonella organisms. Thirty-two different lipid materials were used, utilizing a wide range of short and long free fatty acid chains expressed as per cent oleic acid.
Features and Studies (2016)

A MERiCAN society is becoming have, whether or not he will work, and more complex as it becomes more how he will spend his leisure hours, highly technological and, as a result, One round of the game represents one formal education is becoming more year of the hypothetical person's life, important to the economic survival of and each team receives a score after individuals. Schools today are facing every round to help players evaluate the challenge of retaining students the decisions they have made. Scores who do not understand the material are based on the probabilities of cer being taught or do not see its rele- tain things happening in a person's life vanee. To help meet this challenge, given his personal characteristics, past simulation games are being used in experiences, and present efforts. The the classroom to motivate students and probabilities are derived from U.S. to relate more effectively the learning Census and other survey data. The environment to the world (Abt, 1970). game appears to be a promising tech One simulation game, the Life nique for training students in decision Career Game, has interested coun- making, since it can be played with a selors because of its focus on the role group as large as 30 and can be of decision-making in the lives of in- worked into the content of courses dividuals. The game is constructed to taught at the secondary level, give students practice in decision making. Students are divided into teams of three or four and plan several ^7T „ , , . . ., , _
A fast scoring algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation in unbalanced mixed models with nested random effects (1987)

A fast Fisher scoring algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation in unbalanced mixed models with nested random effects is described. The algorithm uses explicit formulae for the inverse and the determinant of the covariance matrix, given by LaMotte (1972), and avoids inversion of large matrices. Description of the algorithm concentrates on computational aspects for large sets of data.
An experimental approach to specific adoptive immunotherapy for malignant brain tumors. (1989)

With the aid of interleukin 2 (IL-2), two phenotypically different cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones were established with target specificity against syngeneic murine malignant brain tumor (a methylcholanthrene-induce ependymoblastoma of C57BL/6 mouse origin, 203-glioma). Furthermore, the cloned CTL lines were characterized in vitro, and their in vivo effectiveness was investigated by intracerebral (i.c.) tumor neutralization assay and adoptive immunotherapy with the clones for i.c. tumor-bearing mice. Each CTL clone retained an IL-2 dependency with a defined functional activity. G-CTLL 1 with a phenotype of Lyt-1-.2.3+ exhibited a target cytotoxicity against 2 kinds of murine glioma cells, syngeneic 203-glioma and allogeneic RSV-M glioma (Schmitt-Ruppin rous sarcoma virus-induced malignant astrocytoma). It is noted that G-CTLL 1 cells produced gamma interferon (IFN) by stimulation with glioma antigens. The spontaneous release of gamma IFN paralleled the amounts of exogenous IL-2 added into the cultures, but IL-2 had no synergistic effects on IFN release in the presence of tumor antigens. Furthermore, by adding anti-mouse gamma IFN antibody, the IFN production of G-CTLL 1 cells was inhibited but their lytic potential was hardly reduced in vitro. In contrast, G-CTLL 2 cells expressed a cell surface phenotype of Lyt-1+.2.3+ with more restricted target specificity against only syngeneic 203-glioma cells, although they showed a weaker cytotoxicity than G-CTLL 1 cells and no release of gamma IFN. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy using G-CTLL 1 cells was confirmed in both adoptive immunotherapy and tumor neutralization assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kinetics of silicon epitaxy using SiH4 in a rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition reactor (1990)

The equilibrium hydrogen surface coverage on Si(100) during silicon epitaxy using SiH4 has been measured in a rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition reactor. The hydrogen coverage could be ‘‘frozen out’’ completely on the surface by a rapid cool-down and pump-down of the reactor up to temperatures of ≂575 °C; at temperatures above 575 °C only partial ‘‘freeze-out’’ is achieved. Surface hydrogen was titrated in situ using the reactor as a thermal desorption spectrometer. Epitaxial silicon films were grown in the temperature range 450–700 °C and the film growth kinetics was correlated with the equilibrium hydrogen coverage. The growth mechanism changes from the low-temperature regime, where the surface is hydrogen covered, to the high-temperature regime, where the surface is essentially clean.
Differintegral interpolation from a bandlimited signal's samples (1981)

The Whittaker-Shannon cardinal series dictates that any L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> bandlimited signal is defined everywhere by its (sufficiently closely spaced) sample values. This paper derives those interpolation functions necessary for direct evaluation of such a signal's derivatives, integrals, and fractional derivatives directly from the sample values. Generation and recursion formulas for these interpolation functions are presented.
Reviews of Books (1994)

Journal Article Reviews of Books Get access Creating the Nation in Provincial France: Religion and Political Identity in Brittany. By Caroline Ford. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 1993. £30. ISBN 0 691 05667 6. JAMES F. MCMILLAN JAMES F. MCMILLAN University of Strathclyde Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French History, Volume 8, Issue 3, September 1994, Pages 375–377, https://doi.org/10.1093/fh/8.3.375 Published: 01 September 1994
Structure of the Capsular Polysaccharide of <i>Klebsiella</i> K-type 56 (1973)

Methylation, periodate oxidation, and partial hydrolysis studies on the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella K-type 56 show the structure to be a repeating unit consisting of[Formula: see text]The nature of the anomeric linkages was determined by p.m.r. spectroscopy of isolated oligosaccharides. The position of the L-rhamnose side chain was defined by characterization of the di- and tetrasaccharides obtained by partial hydrolysis of the fully methylated polysaccharide.This structure represents the first capsular polysaccharide lacking uronic acid to be studied in the genus Klebsiella.
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Menopausal Hot Flashes (2005)

Hot flashes are the most common symptom of menopause. Although the appearance of hot flashes coincides with estrogen withdrawal, this does not entirely explain the phenomenon because estrogen levels do not differ between symptomatic and asymptomatic women. Luteinizing throughout? hormone pulses do not produce hot flashes nor do changes in endogenous opiates. Recent studies suggest that hot flashes are triggered by small elevations in core body temperature (T(c)) acting within a reduced thermoneutral zone in symptomatic postmenopausal women. This narrowing may be due to elevated central noradrenergic activation, a contention supported by observations that clonidine and some relaxation procedures ameliorate hot flashes. Because hot flashes are triggered by T(c) elevations, procedures to reduce T(c), such as lowering ambient temperature, are beneficial. Estrogen ameliorates hot flashes by increasing the T(c) sweating threshold, although the underlying mechanism is not known. Recent studies of hot flashes during sleep call into question their role in producing sleep disturbance.
Teleworking and the virtual organisation (1996)

The advent of the powerful, affordable personal computer has coincided with the development of a world-encompassing digital telephone infrastructure. The bringing together of organisations' computing and telecommunications, now referred to as computer telephony integration (CTI), is about to make all the difference. What remains to be seen is how quickly businesses and the public sector understand the implications of the new technologies and adopt them. The author discusses issues of teleworking and the virtual organisation, including management, economics, business and staff advantages.
Compressive Sensing by Random Convolution (2009)

This paper demonstrates that convolution with random waveform followed by random time-domain subsampling is a universally efficient compressive sensing strategy. We show that an n-dimensional signal which is S-sparse in any fixed orthonormal representation can be recovered from $m\gtrsim S\log n$ samples from its convolution with a pulse whose Fourier transform has unit magnitude and random phase at all frequencies. The time-domain subsampling can be done in one of two ways: in the first, we simply observe m samples of the random convolution; in the second, we break the random convolution into m blocks and summarize each with a single randomized sum. We also discuss several imaging applications where convolution with a random pulse allows us to superresolve fine-scale features, allowing us to recover high-resolution signals from low-resolution measurements.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of KRN5500, a Spicamycin Derivative, for Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2003)

KRN5500, a structurally novel protein synthesis inhibitor, warrants further investigation to overcome these toxicity profiles and improve its efficacy.
Laboratory Evaluation of a TSI Condensation Particle Counter (Model 3771) Under Airborne Measurement Conditions (2010)

The performance of a condensation particle counter (CPC, Model 3771, TSI Inc.), which has a nominal minimum detectable particle size (d 50) of 10 nm, has been tested in the laboratory for the purpose of airborne measurements. First, the effects of particle coincidence at concentrations above the upper limit specified by the manufacturer (>104 cm-3 were evaluated. By applying a correction factor derived from experimental results, the CPC can quantify particle concentrations of as high as 5 × 104 cm– 3. Second, the effects of inlet pressure (p) on the size dependence of the detection efficiency were investigated (particle diameter (d)= 8–100 nm, p= 1010–300 hPa). The asymptotic detection efficiency and d 50 showed decreasing and increasing trends with decreasing pressure, respectively, especially at p < 600 hPa. It is likely reduction of the 1-butanol saturation ratio in the condenser at decreased pressures can explain the observed pressure dependence. Finally, the temporal variation of the detection efficiency during continuous operation of the CPC without the supply of 1-butanol was investigated (d= 10 and 100 nm, p = 1010, and 600 hPa). The detection efficiencies did not show significant change, at least over 6 h, without the supply of 1-butanol, which ensures stable performance of the CPC for flight durations of 4–5 h. Based on our laboratory evaluations, possible errors in airborne measurements were estimated assuming typical particle number size distributions of ambient aerosols.
Robust and Controllable Quadrangulation of Triangular and Rectangular Regions (2013)

Figure 1: Basic topological patterns used for quadrangulating rectangular and triangular regions. Vertices with a red circle represent corners. Vertices with orange and blue fill represent irregular vertices with valence three and five, respectively. pX and pY represent a regular grid of quadrilaterals padded to the corresponding side of the rectangle (only shown with pattern 1 for brevity). pB , pR, and pL are similarly defined for the triangle. α and β represent the number of times an edge flow is inserted at these locations. Compared to the patterns proposed by Nasri et al. [2009], all of our patterns have at least one side that has only one edge, which is important for guaranteeing valid quadrangulation of the region even when the specified number of edge subdivisions is very small and extreme.
Method for measuring dissolved hydrogen in anaerobic ecosystems: application to the rumen (1981)

A method of transferring dissolved H2 to a CO2 headspace and then absorbing out the CO2 to concentrate the H2 before gas chromatographic analysis was developed to measure low concentrations of dissolved H2. A detection limit of 10 pmol of H2 ml-1 of water was achieved. When used ot monitor H2 changes in a bovine rumen, a 10-fold increase in H2 was noted 1 h after feeding and then declined rapidly to the normal steady-state concentration of 1 microM.
Otolithic Evoked Potentials: A New Technique for Vestibular Studies (1986)

Evoked potentials, EP, are time-locked electroencephalographic voltages bearing temporal relation to an excitatory stimulus, recorded by scalp electrodes and an averaging computer. This paper reports the first apparent recording of otolithic EP. Thirty-nine students on a tilt table underwent head drop conditions stimulatory to the otolithic maculas. The wave-form obtained resembles neither auditory, visual, somatosensory or semicircular EP. Otolithic EP provide heretofore unavailable insights into the electrophysiology of the macular generators, VIII nerve, and related central processing.
Alterable visual languages (2002)

The large number of programming languages in the world is, in part, a consequence of the broad spectrum of human preferences for different notational styles and semantic models, which seems to depend on personal background as well as the application area involved. A move from text to visual languages seems to increase variety, because of the greater syntactic flexibility allowed; a single person might choose a variety of syntax conventions for different application areas. This has led to an increasing focus on language frameworks, structures within which families of languages can be embedded, such that components written in different languages can still be linked together for use. An operational approach to designing a framework is to examine what languages have in common, and what can be allowed to vary: that is, defining operations that allow for the direct manipulation of languages as first class objects.
Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 Mediate Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation by Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (2003)

Rapid engagement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade via the Gq/11-coupled GnRH receptor (GnRHR) is mediated by transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Here we show that the cross-talk between GnRHR and EGFR in gonadotropic cells is accomplished via gelatinases A and B (matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9), identifying gelatinases as the first distinct members of the MMP family mediating EGFR transactivation by G protein-coupled receptors. Using a specific MMP2 and MMP9 inhibitor, Ro28-2653, GnRH-dependent EGFR transactivation was abrogated. Proving the specificity of the effect, transient transfection of alphaT3-1 cells with ribozymes directed against MMP2 or MMP9 specifically blocked EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation in response to GnRH stimulation. GnRH challenge of alphaT3-1 cells furthered the release of active MMP2 and MMP9 and increased their gelatinolytic activities within 5 min. Rapid release of activated MMP2 or MMP9 was inhibited by ribozyme-targeted down-regulation of MT1-MMP or MMP2, respectively. We found that GnRH-induced Src, Ras, and ERK activation were also gelatinase-dependent. Thus, gelatinase-induced EGFR transactivation was required to engage the extracellular-signal regulated kinase cascade. Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK by GnRH was unaffected by EGFR or gelatinase inhibition that, however, suppressed GnRH induction of c-Jun and c-Fos. Our findings suggest a novel role for gelatinases in the endocrine regulation of pituitary gonadotropes.
Formation of a spherical multicellular aggregate (spheroid) of animal cells in the pores of polyurethane foam as a cell culture substratum and its application to a hybrid artificial liver (1998)

Monkey kidney cells (Vero), human embryonic kidney cells (293), human liver cells (PLC/PRF/5), and primary rat, dog, and porcine hepatocytes formed spherical multicellular aggregates (spheroids) in the pores of polyurethane foam which was used as a cell culture substratum. These spheroids of various cell types express high cell activity for a long period. A practical hybrid artificial live support system composed of a multi-capillary polyurethane foam packed-bed type cell culture module including primary hepatocyte spheroids was developed. The success of the system is indicated by an 80% recovery rate in hepatic failure rats which died in control experiments.
Optical Diffusion in Blood (1970)

Light is absorbed and scattered by whole blood. At very low hematocrit values scattering is small, but for hematocrit ≧0.05 light patterns in blood indicate that scattered photons obey the diffusion equations. Diffusion theory predicts the circular light patterns observed in normal whole blood. Transmittance measurements by small fiberoptic probes in a blood medium give data which are in good agreement with diffusion theory. Values of the diffusion penetration depth δ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sup> are obtained from the data, which give a quantitative measure of light penetration into blood.