gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security, privacy and safety evaluation of dynamic and static fleets of drones (2017)

Interconnected everyday objects, either via public or private networks, are gradually becoming reality in modern life — often referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT) or Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). One stand-out example are those systems based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Fleets of such vehicles (drones) are prophesied to assume multiple roles from mundane to high-sensitive applications, such as prompt pizza or shopping deliveries to the home, or to deployment on battlefields for battlefield and combat missions. Drones, which we refer to as UAVs in this paper, can operate either individually (solo missions) or as part of a fleet (group missions), with and without constant connection with a base station. The base station acts as the command centre to manage the drones' activities; however, an independent, localised and effective fleet control is necessary, potentially based on swarm intelligence, for several reasons: 1) an increase in the number of drone fleets; 2) fleet size might reach tens of UAVs; 3) making time-critical decisions by such fleets in the wild; 4) potential communication congestion and latency; and 5) in some cases, working in challenging terrains that hinders or mandates limited communication with a control centre, e.g. operations spanning long period of times or military usage of fleets in enemy territory. This self-aware, mission-focused and independent fleet of drones may utilise swarm intelligence for a), air-traffic or flight control management, b) obstacle avoidance, c) self-preservation (while maintaining the mission criteria), d) autonomous collaboration with other fleets in the wild, and e) assuring the security, privacy and safety of physical (drones itself) and virtual (data, software) assets. In this paper, we investigate the challenges faced by fleet of drones and propose a potential course of action on how to overcome them.
Response of Some Seedlings Olive Cultivars to Foliar Spray of Yeast and Garlic Extracts With or Without Vascular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (2013)

st to the 1 December on olive seedlings i.e. Quartina, Coronaki and Chemlaly cvs. Uniform seedlings at three months old were selected and transplanted at late May in Pomology greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Egypt. Seedlings were treated with organic compost, bio-fertilizers such as Vascular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) and/or yeast as well as natural extract of garlic either alone or in combinations. Seedling growth, nutrition status and hormonal contents were assessed. Concerning the effect on cultivars, results showed that Chemlaly cv. was progressed in stem length, leaves number, roots dry weight, as well as, N, P and Mn leaf contents. Besides its superiority in growth promoter contents i.e. indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA 3), while abscisic acid (ABA) was decreased. However, Quartina cv. revealed pronounced values for stem diameter, number of branches and root length with superiority in leaf K content compared to the other two cultivars. Inoculation with VAM fungi recorded dominated values of stem length, number of branches and leaf N, K contents with lowest inhibitor values of ABA. While, the sole yeast or garlic extract treatments gave highest values for radical root length and diameter, consecutively than the other treatments. The highest values of stem diameter, leaves numbers, root system dry weight, leaf P, Fe, Zn contents, as well as, auxins and gibberellic acid were obtained as VAM combined with yeast extract. Also, high values of shoot
Detection of mitochondrial DNA mutations using temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (2004)

Mitochondrial disorders are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases. Common recurrent mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) point mutations account for the molecular defects of a small proportion of patients. In order to identify mtDNA mutations, comprehensive mutational analysis of the entire mitochondrial genome is necessary. We developed the temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) method to screen for mutations in mtDNA. The entire mitochondrial genome was amplified using 32 pairs of overlapping primers followed by TTGE analysis of the DNA fragments. TTGE method was first validated on 200 DNA fragments containing known mutations or polymorphisms. On TTGE, homoplasmic nucleotide substitutions show a single band shift and heteroplasmic mutations show multiple banding patterns. The known mutations or polymorphisms were correctly identified. TTGE was then used to screen for unknown mutations in the mitochondrial genome. DNA banding patterns, deviated from wild-type, suggestive of either homoplasmic or heteroplasmic mutations, were followed by direct DNA sequencing to identify the mutations. Numerous mutations and polymorphisms were detected. The results demonstrated that TTGE detects and distinguishes heteroplasmic mutations from homoplasmic polymorphisms. It also detects heteroplasmic changes in the background of a homoplasmic polymorphism. Overall, TTGE was proven to be a simple, rapid, sensitive, and effective mutation detection method.
Chemokines Determine Local Lymphoneogenesis and a Reduction of Circulating CXCR4+ T and CCR7 B and T Lymphocytes in Thyroid Autoimmune Diseases (2003)

Chemokines and their corresponding receptors are crucial for the recruitment of lymphocytes into the lymphoid organs and for its organization acting in a multistep process. Tissues affected by autoimmune disease often contain ectopic lymphoid follicles which, in the case of autoimmune thyroid disorders, are highly active and specific for thyroid Ags although its pathogenic role remains unclear. To understand the genesis of these lymphoid follicles, the expression of relevant cytokines and chemokines was assessed by real time PCR, immunohistochemistry and by in vitro assays in autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid glands. Lymphotoxin alpha, lymphotoxin beta, C-C chemokine ligand (CCL) 21, CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12, CXCL13, and CCL22 were increased in thyroids from autoimmune patients, whereas CXCL12, CXCL13, and CCL22 levels were significantly higher in autoimmune glands with ectopic secondary lymphoid follicles than in those without follicles. Interestingly, thyroid epithelium produced CXCL12 in response to proinflammatory cytokines providing a possible clue for the understanding of how tissue stress may lead to ectopic follicle formation. The finding of a correlation between chemokines and thyroid autoantibodies further suggests that intrathyroidal germinal centers play a significant role in the autoimmune response. Unexpectedly, the percentage of circulating CXCR4(+) T cells and CCR7(+) B and T cells (but not of CXCR5) was significantly reduced in PBMCs of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease when they were compared with their intrathyroidal lymphocytes. This systemic effect of active intrathyroidal lymphoid tissue emerges as a possible new marker of thyroid autoimmune disease activity.
Experimental test of the planar tunneling model for ballistic electron emission spectroscopy (2003)

Using planar theory of ballistic electron emission spectroscopy with the addition of scattering at the metal-semiconductor interface, we calculate an expected change in the ratio of the collector current ${(I}_{c})$ to the tunnel current ${(I}_{t})$ as ${I}_{t}$ is varied in the well-known system Au/GaAs(100). This alternative spectroscopy is performed experimentally and is shown to differ drastically from the theory, which nevertheless agrees well with standard voltage spectroscopy. From this discrepancy, we question the applicability of one-dimensional (1D) planar theory to an inherently 3D system.
The Influence of Ala243 (Gly247), Arg215 and Thr226 (Asn230) on the Bioluminescence Spectra and pH-Sensitivity of Railroad Worm, Click Beetle and Firefly Luciferases¶ (2002)

Among beetle luciferases, the pH-sensitive firefly luciferases have been studied extensively. Much less is known about pH-insensitive luciferases, which include click beetle and railroad worm luciferases. Previously, we found that the residues R215 and T226 (N230) are important for green light emission. Here we show that the conserved residue A243 in pH-insensitive luciferases and the corresponding G247 in pH-sensitive luciferases affect the emission spectrum and influence pH-sensitivity. In contrast to railroad worm green light-emitting (PxvGR) and firefly luciferases, the substitution of R215 in Pyrearinus termitilluminans click beetle luciferase (Pte) had no effect on the spectrum, showing that R215 is not essential for green light emission in all beetle luciferases. A homology-based model of Pte luciferase shows that R215 and T226 are close enough to interact. To investigate if there was an interaction between these conserved residues, double mutants were constructed. The double substitution R215S/T226N in Pte luciferase abolished the activity. In PxvGR luciferase the same double mutant resulted in a redshift (lambda(max) = 595 nm), whose magnitude was lower than the value expected for an additive effect. These results suggest that the effects of R215S and T226N are partially interdependent. The double substitution T226N/A243G had an additive redshift effect on the spectrum of PxvGR luciferase, whereas it had a smaller effect on the spectrum of Pte luciferase. Altogether, these results suggest that the above substitutions have different effects on the active site of click beetle and railroad worm luciferases.
Noise Reduction in CMOS Image Sensors for High Quality Imaging: The Autocorrelation Function Filter on Burst Image Sequences (2007)

We propose a new method for image noise detection and reduction in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors inspired from audio noise cancelling techniques. Our algorithm is based on computing efficiently the time-dependent pixel autocorrelation function (ACF) from constant time interval acquired sequences of images. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for successfully detecting and reducing white noise. Further, we consider an adaptive filter that exhibits significant computational improvements making it highly practical. Finally, we report on experiments displaying the highquality imaging systems obtained in practice.
Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-benzyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine. (2002)

2-Amino-3-benzyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine (2), a precursor of Watasenia preluciferin (coelenterazine) (1), is widely distributed in marine bioluminescent animals. It was prepared from p-hydroxyphenylglyoxal aldoxime (5) in two steps; by condensation with or-aminophenylpropiononitrile in the presence of TiCl4 in pyridine, followed by reduction of the resulting N-oxide (6) with Zn-AcOH in CH2Cl2 and produced 2, with an 89% overall yield. This procedure was linked with the facile one-step preluciferin synthesis reported in the previous paper. Thus, Watasenia preluciferin (1), frequently required for various chemiluminescent and bioluminescent studies, was coveniently synthesized in three steps from 5, with a 56% overall yield, overcoming the difficulty of obtaining it from natural sources.
Thermal Simulation With Multisegment Wells (2002)

Summary The extension of a previously reported well model to compositional and thermal applications is discussed. This multisegment, multibranching wellbore model has been fully coupled to a commercial reservoir simulator that can operate in black-oil, compositional, or thermal modes. In this paper, the discussion will focus on thermal, heavy-oil applications in which simulation requires a better representation of the wellbore geometry and the physics of fluid flow and heat transfer.
Management of Femoral Diaphyseal Infected Nonunion with Antibiotic Beads Local Therapy, External Skeletal Fixation, and Staged Bone Grafting (1999)

We have found that our two-stage treatment with antibiotic beads local therapy, definitive external skeletal fixation, and staged bone grafting is an acceptable treatment protocol for the management of femoral diaphyseal infected nonunion. It results in rapid recovery from osteomyelitis and a predictable recovery from nonunion.
The Life Cycle, Habitat and Variation in Selected Web Parameters in the Spider, Nephila clavipes Koch (Araneidae) (1977)

Clovis W. Moore, The Life Cycle, Habitat and Variation in Selected Web Parameters in the Spider, Nephila clavipes Koch (Araneidae), The American Midland Naturalist, Vol. 98, No. 1 (Jul., 1977), pp. 95-108
Effect of temperature on the potency & pharmacological action of insulin. (2009)

Improper storage of insulin decreases the potency and hence the pharmacological action of insulin. Patients should be educated on the proper methods of storage, and free supplies of insulin for more than two weeks use should not be dispensed.
Differences in Costs and Returns to Producing Milk Among the Northeastern States (1975)

The farm price of much of the milk produced in the Northeast has been under government regulation for a long time. Although they have not applied to all markets at all times; two principal economic criteria have generally been used as bases for setting minimum producer prices; (1) costs of production in the regulated area, and (2) the costs of obtaining milk from sources outside the area. Which of these criteria was paramount at any particular time and location was related to the effectiveness with which barriers to the inflow of milk could be maintained, and the political power of milk producer groups relative to other interests. Thus, as is well known, criteria other than the economic have also been important determinants of farm prices.
Correction for vol. 98, p. 6372 (2001)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
ReSim: A reusable library for RTL simulation of dynamic partial reconfiguration (2011)

Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) enables software-like flexibility in hardware designs by allowing some of the logic on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to be reconfigured while the rest continues to operate. However, such flexibility introduces challenges for verifying DPR design functionality because there is no straightforward way to simulate DPR at Register Transfer Level (RTL). This paper proposes the ReSim library to enable the RTL simulation of DPR. The library uses a simulation-only layer to hide the physically dependent details of DPR designs while providing sufficient accuracy for functional verification. The library is extensible and reusable. We assess the feasibility and demonstrate the value of our tool via two case studies of DPR designs.
Extraction of Uranium from Aqueous Solutions by Using Ionic Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Conjunction (2009)

Uranyl ions [UO(2)](2+) in aqueous nitric acid can be extracted into supercritical CO(2) (sc-CO(2)) by using an imidazolium-based ionic liquid with tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) as a complexing agent. The transfer of uranium from the ionic liquid to the supercritical fluid phase was monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy using a high-pressure fiber-optic cell. The form of the uranyl complex extracted into the sc-CO(2) phase was identified to be [UO(2)(NO(3))(2)(TBP)(2)]. The extraction results were confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy and by neutron activation analysis. This technique has potential applications in the field of nuclear waste management for extracting other actinides.
Reduction of positional errors in a four-point probe resistance measurement (2004)

A method for reducing resistance errors due to inaccuracy in the positions of the probes in a collinear four-point probe resistance measurement of a thin film is presented. By using a linear combination of two measurements which differ by interchange of the I− and V− leads, positional errors can be eliminated to first order. Experimental data measured using microprobes show a substantial reduction in absolute error from 3.4% down to 0.01%–0.1%, and an improvement in precision by a factor of 2–4. The application of this technique to the current-in-plane tunneling method to measure electrical properties of unpatterned magnetic tunnel junction wafers is discussed.
Ordered Mesoporous Carbide Derived Carbons: Novel Materials for Catalysis and Adsorption (2009)

New ordered mesoporous carbide derived carbon materials with extraordinary high specific surface areas up to ∼2800 m2 g−1 were synthesized by selective extraction of silicon from ordered mesoporous silicon carbide. Although the degree of mesostructure ordering is lower than that of the CMK-type materials they exhibit higher specific surface areas and high protein adsorption capacities. We show that they can be effectively functionalized with sulfonic groups and become excellent solid acid catalysts for processing large organic molecules.
Mining user behaviours (2013)

Understanding the patterns underlying human mobility is of an essential importance to applications like recommender systems. In this paper we investigate the behaviour of around 10,000 frequent users of Location Based Social Networks (LBSNs) making use of their full movement patterns. We analyse the metadata associated with the whereabouts of the users, with emphasis on the type of places and their evolution over time. We uncover patterns across different temporal scales for venue category usage. Then, focusing on individual users, we apply this knowledge in two tasks: 1) clustering users based on their behaviour and 2) predicting users' future movements. By this, we demonstrate both qualitatively and quantitatively that incorporating temporal regularities is beneficial for making better sense of user behaviour.
Tianjic: A Unified and Scalable Chip Bridging Spike-Based and Continuous Neural Computation (2020)

Toward the long-standing dream of artificial intelligence, two successful solution paths have been paved: 1) neuromorphic computing and 2) deep learning. Recently, they tend to interact for simultaneously achieving biological plausibility and powerful accuracy. However, models from these two domains have to run on distinct substrates, i.e., neuromorphic platforms and deep learning accelerators, respectively. This architectural incompatibility greatly compromises the modeling flexibility and hinders promising interdisciplinary research. To address this issue, we build a unified model description framework and a unified processing architecture (Tianjic), which covers the full stack from software to hardware. By implementing a set of integration and transformation operations, Tianjic is able to support spiking neural networks, biological dynamic neural networks, multilayered perceptron, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and so on. A compatible routing infrastructure enables homogeneous and heterogeneous scalability on a decentralized many-core network. Several optimization methods are incorporated, such as resource and data sharing, near-memory processing, compute/access skipping, and intra-/inter-core pipeline, to improve performance and efficiency. We further design streaming mapping schemes for efficient network deployment with a flexible tradeoff between execution throughput and resource overhead. A 28-nm prototype chip is fabricated with >610-GB/s internal memory bandwidth. A variety of benchmarks are evaluated and compared with GPUs and several existing specialized platforms. In summary, the fully unfolded mapping can achieve significantly higher throughput and power efficiency; the semi-folded mapping can save 30x resources while still presenting comparable performance on average. Finally, two hybrid-paradigm examples, a multimodal unmanned bicycle and a hybrid neural network, are demonstrated to show the potential of our unified architecture. This article paves a new way to explore neural computing.
Hot-electron transport in a needle-plate geometry (1988)

Hot-electron transport in SiO2 subject to a strongly inhomogeneous electric field produced by a hyperboloid needle and plate assembly is investigated by employing the Monte Carlo method. The dominant scattering mechanisms due to both the polar and nonpolar electron-phonon interactions including Umklapp processes are considered. The spatial evolution of the average electron energy is presented. A characteristic overshooting of electron energy in front of the needle tip due to the nonuniform high electric field is observed and its relevance to local degradation of organic dielectrics prior to the initial of electrical trees is pointed out.
Rotary shadowing of collagen monomers, oligomers, and fibrils during tendon fibrillogenesis. (1991)

Collagen monomers, oligomers, and fibrillar structures were isolated from chick tendons at various stages of development and studied by rotary shadowing. Monomers of Type I collagen, solubilized in 0.15 M NaCl solutions, were mostly present as collagen, pN-collagen, and pC-collagen with few procollagen molecules. They did not form polymers, nor were they associated with a carrier. Dimers of fibrillar collagen molecules were arranged in a 4-D stagger, suggesting that this was the preferred molecular interaction for the initiation of collagen fibrillogenesis. Type XII collagen molecules were mostly free, but some were attached by their central globular domain to one end of free fibrillar collagen molecules. Tenascin and Type VI collagen were also identified. The fibril populations consisted of collagen and beaded structures. These fibrils consisted of beads (globular domains) about 23 nm in diameter, separated by a period about 27 nm in length. Beads were linked by filamentous structures. These beaded fibrils probably represent the microfibrils of elastin.
A Novel Strategy for a Drug Delivery System Using a Claudin Modulator (2006)

With the continued progress in genomic drug discovery, the high-throughput production of drug candidates has become possible, and thus today there are a number of candidates that are extremely effective both in cell-free and in cell models. However, a drug delivery system suitable for the high-throughput production has yet to be fully developed. In tissues, the tight junction (TJ) plays a pivotal role as both a barrier to restrict various substances and in intra-tissue maintenance. Claudin, a ca. 23 kDa transmembrane protein with four transmembrane domains, is responsible for the TJ functions. Interestingly, for each of the 24 members of the claudin family, expression profiles and exact barrier functions differ. Therefore, claudin may be a potential target for use as a drug delivery system via a paracellular route. The C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) is known to modulate the barrier function of claudin. We found that C-CPE is a potent absorption-enhancer and that this enhancing activity is 400-fold greater than clinically used enhancers. The enhancing activity examined in this study involved an interaction between C-CPE and claudin-4. These findings indicate that claudin might be a novel target for a drug delivery system. In the current review, we describe about background and data on our research about claudin modulator, and we also discuss the possibility of the use of the claudin family in a new approach for developing a drug delivery system.
An experimental study of the acoustic impedance of Helmholtz resonator arrays under a turbulent boundary layer (1981)

An experimental study was conducted to determine the effect of flow on the acoustic impedance of locally reacting perforate plate liners. Different boundary layer velocity distributions were obtained by air injection upstream of the liner. The impedance was measured in-situ with the two-microphone technique in the NLR
flow duct facility. It was found that for conditions prevailing in aero-engine ducts the flow effect on impedance does not correlate with the duct main flow Mach number. However an empirical relation was found between the flow induced impedance change and the Stroiihal number based on the skin friction velocity of the turbulent boundary layer.