gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct endotypes of steroid-resistant asthma characterized by IL-17Ahigh and IFN-γhigh immunophenotypes: Potential benefits of calcitriol (2015)

IL-17A(high) and IFN-γ(high) immunophenotypes exist in patients with SR asthma. These data identify immunologic pathways that likely underpin the beneficial clinical effects of calcitriol in patients with SR asthma by directing the SR cytokine profile toward a more SS immune phenotype, suggesting strategies for identifying vitamin D responder immunophenotypes.
The selective non‐catalytic reduction of nitric oxide using ammonia at up to 15% oxygen (1995)

Abstract Selective non‐catalytic reduction of nitric oxide (NO) using ammonia was studied with up to 15% (by volume) oxygen at 102 kPa. The experiments were conducted in an electrically heated laminar‐flow, quartz reactor using mixtures of N 2 , O 2 , NO, and CO to simulate exhaust gas. The base case condition included 330 ppmv of NO, 495 ppmv of NH 3 , and 15% O 2 . At a reactor temperature of 1050 K, 77% of the NO was removed. For a lower oxygen concentration of 1%, the NO removal was as high as 98% at 1100 K. The degraded performance at high oxygen concentrations is attributed to increases in the oxidation reactions. A major result of this work was the quantification of the amount of N 2 O in the treated gases. For the base case conditions, 21 ppmv of N 2 O was measured for a reactor temperature of 1075 K. Increasing the ratio of NH 3 to NO (by increasing the NH 3 concentration) increased the maximum NO removal and decreased the temperature at which this level of NO removal was achieved. For the higher NH 3 concentrations, however, the N 2 O concentration increased to as high as 54 ppmv. The oxidation products of ammonia (in the absence of NO) for these conditions were found to include first N 2 O beginning at 900 K and then NO beginning at 1050 K. Comparisons between these experimental results and predictions from the Miller and Bowman (1989) model indicate that further enhancements of the model may be necessary to incorporate the features of high oxygen conditions.
Outstanding Research Problems in NoC Design: System, Microarchitecture, and Circuit Perspectives (2008)

To alleviate the complex communication problems that arise as the number of on-chip components increases, network-on-chip (NoC) architectures have been recently proposed to replace global interconnects. In this paper, we first provide a general description of NoC architectures and applications. Then, we enumerate several related research problems organized under five main categories: Application characterization, communication paradigm, communication infrastructure, analysis, and solution evaluation. Motivation, problem description, proposed approaches, and open issues are discussed for each problem from system, microarchitecture, and circuit perspectives. Finally, we address the interactions among these research problems and put the NoC design process into perspective.
Nanopost plasmonic crystals (2009)

We describe a class of plasmonic crystal that consists of square arrays of nanoposts formed by soft nanoimprint lithography. As sensors, these structure show somewhat higher bulk refractive index sensitivity for aqueous solutions in the visible wavelength range as compared to plasmonic crystals consisting of square arrays of nanowells with similar dimensions, with opposite trends for the case of surface bound layers in air. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations quantitatively capture the key features and assist in the interpretation of these and related results.
Time to Progression in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Epirubicin Is Not Improved by the Addition of Either Cisplatin or Lonidamine: Final Results of a Phase III Study With a Factorial Design (2002)

Neither CDDP nor LND was able to significantly improve the time to progression obtained by EPI. CDDP, however, significantly worsened the drug's tolerability.
Harmonic-less Annular Slot Antenna (ASA) using a novel PBG structure for slot-line printed devices (2004)

A novel PBG structure well-suited for slot-line printed devices and its application to control harmonic frequencies of an Annular Slot Antenna (ASA) are proposed. This novel PBG structure is the dual of the well-known Radisic PBG structure for microstrip printed devices. It consists of etching metallic discs on the opposite side of the slot-line.
Design and Synthesis of New Templates Derived from Pyrrolopyrimidine as Selective Multidrug-Resistance-Associated Protein Inhibitors in Multidrug Resistance (2004)

In our continued effort to identify selective MRP1 modulators, we have developed two novel templates, 3 and 4, through rational drug design by identifying the key pharmacophore interaction at the 7-position of the pyrrolopyrimidine template 1. Further synthesis and SAR work on these novel templates gave a number of potent MRP1 modulators with great selectivity against Pgp. Additional studies to reduce the CYP3A4 inhibition are also reported. Several compounds of these classes were subjected to in vivo xenograft studies and in vivo efficacies were demonstrated.
Identification and localization of enzymes of the fumarate reductase and nitrate respiration systems of escherichia coli by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (1983)

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to analyze the components of membrane vesicles of anaerobically grown Escherichia coli. The number of precipitation lines in the crossed immunoelectrophoresis patterns of membrane vesicles isolated from E. coli grown anaerobically on glucose plus nitrate and on glycerol plus fumarate were 83 and 70, respectively. Zymogram staining techniques were used to identify immunoprecipitates corresponding to nitrate reductase, formate dehydrogenase, fumarate reductase, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in crossed immunoelectrophoresis reference patterns. The identification of fumarate reductase by its succinate oxidizing activity was confirmed with purified enzyme and with mutants lacking or overproducing this enzyme. In addition, precipitation lines were found for hydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, the membrane-bound ATPase, and the dehydrogenases for succinate, malate, dihydroorotate, D-lactate, 6-phosphogluconate, and NADH. Adsorption experiments with intact and solubilized membrane vesicles showed that fumarate reductase, hydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, and ATPase are located at the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane; on the other hand, the results suggest that formate dehydrogenase is a transmembrane protein.
Determination of electric field profiles in amorphous silicon solar cells (1990)

Time-resolved photoconductivity measurements with subnanosecond time resolution are applied to study the electric field profile in amorphous silicon solar cells in the range from 0.3 V forward to 0.8 V reverse bias. The method is used for a comparison of state-of-the art devices with different junction design. Optical and electrical contributions to the device performance are discussed and the limitations in improving the performance by use of a-SiC:H window layers are pointed out.
Optimal spatial distribution of microstructure in porous electrodes for Li-ion batteries (2010)

This paper applies simultaneous optimization to the design of spatially-varying porosity profiles in next-generation electrodes to maximize the capacity of Li-ion batteries, based on porous electrode theory. This paper designs a porous positive electrode made of lithium cobalt oxide, which is commonly used in lithium-ion batteries for various applications. For a fixed amount of active material, optimal grading of the porosity across the electrode decreases the Ohmic resistance by 25%, which in turn increases the electrode capacity to hold and deliver energy. Over 40% enhancement was observed in the robustness of the optimal electrode designs to variations in model parameters due to manufacturing imprecision. The results are sufficiently promising to justify investment in the development of experimental procedures to fabricate batteries that have a graded porosity across the electrode.
Electron-Hole-Pair Creation Energies in Semiconductors (1975)

The rule that the electron-hole-pair creation energy is 3 times the semiconductor band gap is extended to include a large group of insulators. It is used, together with the free-particle approximation, to describe cathodoluminescent phosphor efficiencies and the escape probabilities of secondary electrons.
Characteristics of Sulfobacillus acidophilus sp. nov. and other moderately thermophilic mineral-sulphide-oxidizing bacteria (1996)

Several isolates of Gram-positive, acidophilic, moderately thermophilic, ferrous-iron- and mineral-sulphide-oxidizing bacteria were examined to establish unequivocally the characteristics of Sulfobacillus-like bacteria. Two species were evident: Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans with 48-50 mol% G+C and Sulfobacillus acidophilus sp. nov. with 55-57 mol% G+C. Both species grew autotrophically and mixotrophically on ferrous iron, on elemental sulphur in the presence of yeast extract, and heterotrophically on yeast extract. Autotrophic growth on sulphur was consistently obtained only with S. acidophilus.
Nanoenzyme-Augmented Cancer Sonodynamic Therapy by Catalytic Tumor Oxygenation (2018)

Ultrasound (US)-triggered sonodynamic therapy (SDT) can solve the critical issue of low tissue-penetrating depth of traditional phototriggered therapies, but the SDT efficacy is still not satisfactorily high in combating cancer at the current stage. Here we report on augmenting the SDT efficacy based on catalytic nanomedicine, which takes the efficient catalytic features of nanoenzymes to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). The multifunctional nanosonosensitizers have been successfully constructed by the integration of a MnO <sub>x</sub> component with biocompatible/biodegradable hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles, followed by conjugation with protoporphyrin (as the sonosensitizer) and cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic pentapeptide (as the targeting peptide). The MnO <sub>x</sub> component in the composite nanosonosensitizer acts as an inorganic nanoenzyme for converting the tumor-overexpressed hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) molecules into oxygen and enhancing the tumor oxygen level subsequently, which has been demonstrated to facilitate SDT-induced reactive oxygen species production and enhance SDT efficacy subsequently. The targeted accumulation of these composite nanosonosensitizers efficiently suppressed the growth of U87 tumor xenograft on nude mice after US-triggered SDT treatment. The high in vivo biocompatibility and easy excretion of these multifunctional nanosonosensitizers from the body have also been evaluated and demonstrated to guarantee their future clinical translation, and their TME-responsive T<sub>1</sub>-weighted magnetic resonance imaging capability provides the potential for therapeutic guidance and monitoring during SDT.
RGD Dendron Bodies; Synthetic Avidity Agents with Defined and Potentially Interchangeable Effector Sites That Can Substitute for Antibodies (2009)

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrons were synthesized with c(RGDyK) peptide on the surface to create a scaffold for cellular targeting and multivalent binding. Binary dendron-RGD conjugates were synthesized with a single Alexa Fluor 488, biotin, methotrexate drug molecule, or additional functionalized dendron at the focal point. The targeted dendron platform was shown to specifically target αvβ3 integrin expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human glioblastoma cells (U87MG) in Vitro via flow cytometry. Specific targeting of the dendron-RGD platform was further confirmed by confocal microscopy. Biological activity of the targeted drug conjugate was confirmed via XTT assay. The orthogonal reaction chemistry used at the dendron focal point gives a precise 1:1 ratio of the attachment of multiple functionalities to a small-molecular-weight, chemically stable, high avidity molecule. These studies serve as a framework to selectively combine biologically relevant functions with enhanced specific binding activity to substitute for antibodies in many diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Cyclodextrins (2003)

The article contains sections titled: 1. History 2. Structure 2.1. Molecular Structure 2.2. Secondary Structure 3. Properties 4. Production 4.1. Solvent Process 4.2. Nonsolvent Process 5. Inclusion Complexes 5.1. Preconditions 5.2. Preparation 6. Derivatives 6.1. Ethers 6.2. Esters 6.3. Other Derivatives 7. Uses 8. Economic Aspects 9. Toxicology
GERT - Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (1966)

Graphical evaluation and review technique to analyze networks with stochastic and logical properties
Toward practical and unconditional verification of remote computations (2011)

This paper revisits a classic question: how can a machine specify a computation to another one and then, without executing the computation, check that the other machine carried it out correctly? The applications of such a primitive
Comparação do perfil lipídico e protéico entre adultos sedentários e idosos ativos em uma população selecionada da cidade de Patos- PB (2015)

No Brasil as prevalencias de sedentarismo se elevaram de 41,6% para 94,4% nas cidades brasileiras, associado com obesidade, doencas cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus, osteoporose entre outras doencas nao-transmissiveis. Da mesma forma em que esses fatores se tornam ameacas para a saude, ha prevencoes que se tornam uma estrategia no combate desses fatores, como a pratica de exercicios fisicos, aliados a habitos saudaveis e uma alimentacao adequada. No entanto, nos ultimos dez anos, com o aparecimento de medidas de prevencao de saude, esse estilo de vida saudavel esta sendo mais praticado e adotado por idosos de que por adultos, tornando assim adultos mais sedentarios e idosos ativos. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar e comparar o perfil lipidico e o perfil proteico entre adultos sedentarios e idosos ativos. Os resultados obtidos a partir das dosagens do perfil lipidico e proteico observaram-se que as taxas de colesterol total e VLDL se apresentam mais alteradas em adultos, enquanto os niveis de triglicerideos prevalecem alterados em idosos, em relacao as taxas de proteinas totais e globulina que se apresentaram com maiores valores em adultos do que em idosos. Com base no que foi abordado do questionario, observou-se que os idosos alem de serem ativos a exercicios fisicos, apresentam qualidade de vida recursos nao-farmacologicos para prevenir e tratar doencas cronicas nao-transmissiveis do que os adultos.Diante dos resultados obtidos no estudo, chegaram-se as seguintes conclusoes em que os adultos sedentarios estao sim mais predispostos ao desenvolvimento de doencas cronicas nao-transmissiveis do que os idosos ativos.
Iron, Inflammation, and Early Death in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease (2014)

Gene expression markers of high intracellular iron in patients with SCD are associated with markers of inflammation and mortality. The results support a model in which intracellular iron promotes inflammatory pathways, such as the TLR system and the inflammasome, identifying important new pathways for additional investigation.
Occurrence and Distribution of 5‐Hydroxytryptophol in the Rat (1980)

Abstract: The distribution of the serotonin metabolites 5‐hydroxytryptophol (5‐HTOL) and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) was determined in the rat by a sensitive and specific gas chromatography‐mass spectrometric assay. 5‐HTOL occurred in all tissues assayed, with highest concentrations in small intestine (mean ± S.E.M. = 193 ± 13 mg/g), lung (78.8 ± 13.2 mg/g), and liver (64.1 ± 4.9 mg/g). Brain 5‐HTOL concentrations (9.80 ± 0.36 mg/g) were only 1% of brain 5‐HIAA levels. Conjugated 5‐HTOL accounted for a significant fraction of the total 5‐HTOL concentrations in all tissues and varied from 20% in heart to 70% in kidney. In plasma and urine, 5‐HTOL occurred almost completely in conjugated form. Except for liver, 5‐HIAA concentrations were substantially greater than 5‐HTOL in all tissues, plasma, and urine. Highest 5‐HIAA concentrations occurred in brain (787 ± 28 mg/g), lung (744 ± 52 mg/g), and small intestine (424 ± 35 mg/g). 5‐HTOL concentrations in plasma and urine were about 25% of the respective 5‐HIAA levels. It is concluded that significant biotransformation of serotonin to 5‐HTOL in the rat occurs in the intestine, liver, and lung while in brain formation of 5‐HTOL represents a minor pathway of serotonin metabolism.
Fast Gas Chromatography Combustion Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (2007)

We report here the first coupling of fast GC to IRMS, in a system capable of 250 ms peak widths (fwhm) at 1 mL/min flow rates, one-fifth as narrow as any previously reported GCC-IRMS system. We developed an optimized postcolumn interface that results in minimal peak broadening, using a programmable temperature vaporization injector in place of a rotary valve or backflush system to divert solvent, a narrow capillary combustion reactor followed by a cryogenic water trap with narrow-bore (<0.20 mm i.d.) transfer lines, and a narrow i.d. open split to the IRMS directly inserted into the column effluent. Quantitative combustion was demonstrated with CH4 injections. A comparison of CO2 injections with different fwhm peak widths (250, 2500, and 7500 ms) showed similar precisions, SD(delta13C)=0.2-0.3 per thousand, for injections of >600 pmol C on column; precision for the narrow peaks (250 ms) was considerably better for injections<150 pmol C on column. SD(delta13C)<1 per thousand was achievable for injections of 5-15 pmol on column for 250 ms wide peaks, 10-fold better precision than 2500 ms wide peaks, and within a factor of 3 of the counting statistics limit. For a mixture of 15 fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), 1.5 nmol C of each on column yielded typical SD(delta13Cpdb)=0.4 per thousand for fast GC and 0.5 per thousand for conventional GC. For 14 of the 15 FAME, delta13C values between the two systems were within+/-1.5 per thousand and not significantly different. Fast GCC-IRMS required one-third the run time (450 s vs 1400 s) to achieve comparable resolution. Mean peak widths for fast GCC-IRMS of the FAME were 720 ms, compared to 650 ms by fast GC with flame ionization detection. At a 15-fold dilution (100 pmol C on column for each FAME), fast GCC-IRMS achieved approximately 2-fold better precision and accuracy than similar injections on conventional GCC-IRMS. Finally, a mixture of 10 steroids (approximately 7 nmol C (100 ng) each on column) was analyzed with mean precision of SD(delta13C)=0.2 per thousand in 620 s by fast GCC-IRMS, while conventional GCC-IRMS required 1200 s and achieved poorer resolution. delta13C values for the two system were similar (Deltadelta13C<or=2 per thousand for all steroids), indicating that accuracy is not compromised. In summary, fast GCC-IRMS can achieve similar precision to conventional GC with considerable time savings for standard sample sizes (>1 nmol C) and achieves modest precision (approximately 1 per thousand) near the counting statistics limit on low level components.
PLANAR BUCKLING AND POST-BUCKLING BEHAVIORS OF RINGS AND ARCHES SUBJECT TO DISPLACEMENT DEPENDENT LOADS (1989)

The tangent stiffness equation for a planar straight beam to reflect the displacement dependency of loading is derived. The load stiffness matrices for water pressure and the center directed uniform distributive loading for circular members are obtained explicitly. Using the stiffness equation derived, planar buckling and post-buckling of elastic rings and arches subject to a variety of loading patterns have been examined. It is found from the computations that the displacement dependency of loadings significantly affects not only the buckling strength, but also, even more, the post buckling finite displacement behavior of the structures.
PI3Kβ inhibition: all that glitters is not gold (2015)

In this issue of Blood, Laurent et al demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase β (PI3Kβ) activity is essential for thrombus stability at a high shear rate, highlighting a potential risk of embolization upon PI3Kβ inhibition.
Modeling the Dornier HM3 lithotripter (1994)

The computational modeling of a Dornier HM3 electrohydraulic, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter is considered. In order to produce large amplitude shock waves for the purpose of pulverizing renal and ureteric calculi (stones), the HM3 uses a hemi-ellipsoidal bowl to focus the spherical field generated by a high-voltage spark gap. The initial propagation of the bowl-focused field is accomplished using a recently developed nonplanar source algorithm. An updated version of an existing nonlinear acoustic beam propagation model is then used to consider the subsequent propagation of the field. The resulting modeling sequence accounts for the effects of diffraction, attenuation, dispersion, nonlinearity, and (planar) reflection and refraction. The water path computed predictions agree well with existing measurements. The computed in vivo predictions suggest that the Dornier HM3's clinical performance is not significantly different than its water path performance.
The Impact of Electrolyte Oxidation Products in LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>Cells (2013)

It has long been suspected that parasitic reaction products created at one electrode of a Li-ion battery can migrate to the other electrode and influence its operation. In order to demonstrate that these "electrode-electrode interactions" do occur, four types of coin cells were investigated. Two of these were Li4Ti5O12-limited and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-limited LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li4Ti5O12 (LNMO/LTO) "full cells". In order to prevent electrode-electrode interactions, LTO/Li and Li/LNMO coin cells were connected by a wire joining the negative (Li) sides of the two coin cells making a simulated LNMO/LTO Li-ion cell with separate electrolyte compartments for the positive and negative electrodes. Virtually no parasitic reactions were observed at the LTO electrode in Li/LTO cells as evidenced by a coulombic efficiency near 1.0000. By contrast, severe electrolyte oxidation, leading to charge end point capacity slippage and poor coulombic efficiency was observed in Li/LNMO cells. The behavior of the simulated LNMO/LTO Li-ion cells could be well understood and predicted based on the behavior of the half cells. By contrast, true LNMO/LTO Li-ion cells showed severe parasitic reactions occurring at the LTO electrode due to electrolyte oxidation products from the LNMO electrode migrating to the LTO electrode. Understanding such electrode-electrode interactions is critical in making long-lived Li-ion batteries and also for understanding the mechanisms governing the function of electrolyte additives. Similar effects, albeit at much smaller effective currents, can be occurring in Li-ion cells with standard positive and negative electrodes.
Photon-counting energy-resolving CdTe detectors for high-flux x-ray imaging (2010)

Developments in room temperature cadmium telluride (CdTe) based solid state imaging arrays for energy-resolved single photon counting in x-ray imaging are discussed. We have designed and constructed a CdTe imaging array, 3 mm thick with a 16 × 16 grid of electrical contacts interconnected to a 256 channel ASIC, with a counting range up to 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> counts per second per mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Cycling between high and low flux generates measurements which are reproducible within the limits of counting statistics, with a response time less than 1 ms. Long-term stability is determined by measuring flood images repeatedly over time. Long exposure to uniform high or low flux does not affect the temporal response, indicating that no polarization is detected within the statistical error of the measurements.