gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase Form B from <i>Synechococcus leopoliensis</i> Hydrolyzes both Fructose and Sedoheptulose Bisphosphate (1986)

The substrate specificity of purified fructose bisphosphatase form B from Synechococcus leopoliensis (EC 3.1.3.11; cf. K-P Gerbling, M Steup, E Latzko 1985 Eur J Biochem 147: 207-215) has been investigated. Of the phosphate esters tested only fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate were hydrolyzed by the enzyme. Both sugar bisphosphates were cleaved at the carbon 1-ester. Fructose- and sedoheptulose bisphosphate stabilized the activated (i.e. tetrameric) state of the enzyme and prevented a slow inactivation that is observed in the absence of sugar bisphosphates. With the activated enzyme, kinetic constants (half-saturating substrate concentrations, maximal reaction velocity, and the catalytical constant) were similar for both fructose- and sedoheptulose bisphosphate. The data suggest that fructose bisphosphatase form B from Synechococcus leopoliensis can catalyze both bisphosphatase reactions within the reductive pentose phosphate cycle.
Design of an inexpensive high-sensitivity rodent-research PET camera (RRPET) (2003)

A small animal PET is being developed. The design goals are lower cost, higher sensitivity and same image resolution as commercial animal PET. It uses a new version of our PMT-quadrant-sharing (PQS) detector with a 98% crystal-packing fraction to maximize sensitivity and no light-guides to maximize light output (decoding resolution). It uses 168 low-cost 19-mm PMT and 9216 BGO for its high photoelectric fraction. Each block is 8/spl times/8 with an average pitch of 2/spl times/2 mm (10 mm deep) to provide image resolution similar to commercial systems using LSO, position-sensitive PMT and optical fibers. The number-of-crystals-per-PMT decoding ratio achieved was 55, similar to an animal PET using GSO that has 3 times more light output than BGO. To maximize image resolution, we "circularize" the PQS detector design, where each block is one side of a 24-sided polygon (the detector ring). Circularizing PQS detector requires the block to be ground slightly into a pentagon (166/spl deg/ apex). The edge rows of crystals in the block are also tapered, so that blocks can be glued together to form a solid BGO ring with nearly 100% packing. The ring diameter is 13 cm. 6 rings provide a 12-cm axial FOV. The large axial FOV increases coincidence sensitivity. An automatic PMT-equalization system can tune the PET in 1 minute without radiation, for PMT tuning before each study to minimize the effects of prior radiation loading and temperature drift. Detector-pileup-recovery electronics were used to prevent imaging artifacts and count-loss in BGO detectors. Experiments showed that 2/spl times/2/spl times/10 mm BGO can be decoded (energy resolution 23%). Monte Carlo simulation showed a detection efficiency of 5.9% (350-700 KeV) for a central point source. The 3.7/spl times/ increase in coincidence sensitivity comes from (a) larger axial-FOV (1.8/spl times/), (b) BGO higher photoelectric fraction (1.5/spl times/) and (c) high packing fraction (1.3/spl times/).
Structural and functional properties of region II-plus of the malaria circumsporozoite protein. (1994)

During feeding, infected mosquitos inject malaria sporozoites into the host circulation. Within minutes, the parasites are found in the liver where they initiate the first stage of malaria infection. All species of malaria sporozoites are uniformly covered by the circumsporozoite protein (CS), which contains a conserved COOH-terminal sequence called region II-plus. We have previously shown that region II-plus is the parasite's hepatocyte-binding ligand and that this ligand binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the hepatocyte membrane. Using a series of substituted region II-plus peptides, we show here that the downstream basic amino acids as well as the interdispersed hydrophobic residues are required for binding of CS to hepatocyte HSPGs. We also show that this positively charged stretch of amino acids must be aggregated in order to bind to the receptor. On the basis of this information, we have synthesized a multiple antigen peptide that mimics the hepatocyte-binding ligand. This construct inhibits both CS binding to HepG2 cells in vitro as well as CS clearance in mice.
Entrained-bed carbonization of highly fluid bituminous coals (1968)

Bituminous coals having maximum fluidity values in the 40- to 25,400-dial-divisions-per-minute (ddpm) range were carbonized in a continuous, entrained-bed reactor. Carbonization was conducted in an 8-inch-diameter vertical reactor at temperatures from 955/sup 0/ to 1,345/sup 0/F and at air-to-coal ratios ranging from 4.63 to 16.12 scf/lb of moisture- and ash-free coal charged. Carbonization rates from about 118 to 360 lb/hr, as-carbonized basis, were examined. It was demonstrated that carbonization temperature and air-to-coal ratio must exceed minimum values for continuous operation. Within the operating conditions discussed, highly fluid bituminous coal was carbonized to produce tar and nonagglomerated char. The yield of tar ranged from 21.3 to 38.9 gallons per ton and the char yield ranged from 1,109 to 1,563 pounds per ton, all units expressed on a moisture- and ash-free basis. It was demonstrated that the maximum fluidity and the average size of the coal along with the air-to-coal ratio and the carbonization temperature act together to influence the carbonization product yields and certain properties of the products. Prediction equations were developed from the data for product yields and selected properties of the char, tar, and gas.
Phase change memory faults (2006)

Chalcogenide based phase change memory (PCM) is a promising type of non-volatile memory that possibly replace the currently wide spread flash memory. Current research on PCMs targets the integration, feasibility, and reliability of such memory technology into the widely used CMOS process technology. Such studies identified special failure modes, known as disturbs, that could occur in PCMs. In this paper, we identify these failures and analyze their defective behaviors. Moreover, we develop fault models for such disturbs in addition to faults caused by opens and shorts in the core memory cell. Further, we propose an efficient test algorithm, called March-PC, to detect all faults discussed in this work.
Interlocutor personality perception based on BFI profiles and coupled HMMs in a dyadic conversation (2014)

Previous studies have found systematic associations between personality and individual differences in interpersonal communication. Recently, researchers used various features to analyze individual personality traits in speech, social media content and essays. While few studies focused on detecting the personality interaction between two interlocutors, this paper presents a new approach to automatically and simultaneously predict the personalities of two interlocutors in a dyadic conversation. First, the recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are adopted to project the linguistic features of the transcribed spoken text of the input speech to the Big Five Inventory (BFI) space. The Coupled hidden Markov models (coupled HMMs) are then used to predict the interlocutor personality from the transcribed text of the two speakers considering the conversational interaction in their dialogue turns. The Mandarin Conversational Dialogue Corpus (MCDC) was adopted to evaluate the performance on interlocutor personality perception. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieved satisfactory results in predicting personalities of two interlocutors at the same time.
Detection of Covert Cyber-Attacks in Interconnected Systems: A Distributed Model-Based Approach (2020)

Distributed detection of covert attacks for linear large-scale interconnected systems is addressed in this article. Existing results consider the problem in centralized settings. This article focuses on large-scale systems subject to bounded process and measurement disturbances, where a single subsystem is under a covert attack. A detection methodology is proposed, where each subsystem can detect the presence of covert attacks in neighboring subsystems in a distributed manner. The detection strategy is based on the design of two model-based observers for each subsystem using only local information. An extensive detectability analysis is provided and simulation results on a power network benchmark are given, showing the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for the detection of covert cyber-attacks.
총설 / 토양 및 수계환경에서 Transformation 에 의한 세균들간의 수평적 유전물질 전이 (2000)

실험실에서 형질전환될 수 있는 세균들은 자연환경 조건에서도 형질전환 능력이 발달하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서, 환경 내에서 형질전환 능력이 있는 세균의 존재는 확실한 것으로 여겨진다. DNA는 무기물에 부착된 상태에서는 핵산분해효소에 의한 분해로부터 보호되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 비록 DNA가 토양속에 분산되어져 일정 비율로 가수분해되더라도, 수 주일 후에도 낮은 비율로 감지될 수 있다. 따라서 free DNA는 자연적 형질전환을 할 수 있을 만큼 충분히 지속될 수 있다. 실험실 조건에서는 세균의 형질전환이 여러 경우 보고되었지만, 자연상태에서 형질전환과 관련된 자료는 매우 적다. 생태학적으로 GMMs로부터 재조합 DNA가 토착 미생물에 전이될 수 있는 잠재력에 대한 문제가 주요 현안이 되었는데, 이는 전이된 DNA가 방출된 세균의 생태학적인 적응력을 변화시켜 생물학적 안전성의 문제를 야기할 수 있기 때문이다. 물론, 방출된 GMMs로부터 재조합 DNA가 토착 미생물에 전이되는 율은 아주 낮은 빈도로 일어나지만, 빈도가 낮다는 것은 그리 중요하지 않다. 왜냐하면, 비록 낮은 빈도로 전이되더라도 유리한 조건을 만나게 되면 전이된 유전자는 선택될 수 있기 때문이다. 이제까지 GMMs는 실험실이나 제한된 환경에서 주로 사용되었지만 앞으로는 개방된 자연 생태계에서 이루어질 전망이다. 그러므로 GMMs가 토착세균에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 연구되어야 하고 동시에 GMMs가 생태계에 방출될 경우 그에 따른 영향평가를 반드시 수행해야 한다.
Financing of private small scale hydroelectric projects (1981)

This manual is a description of the financing process associated with the private development of SSH projects. It examines the institutional framework and the actors within that framework who will have vital impact upon the potential for success of a project. The manual describes the information a developer should obtain in order to make intelligent decisions concerning the multiple directions in which project development can proceed. This information should assist the developer in formulating a business plan. Factors to be considered in choosing a business organizational form are discussed. Included is an analysis of the federal income tax factors relevant to SSH in context of the treatment of specific items: business expenses, depreciation, the Investment Tax Credit, and the Energy Tax Credit as modified by COWPTA. In addition, the tax and organizational factors are applied to an analysis of two mechanisms which can lower development costs through maximum utilization of available tax benefits: limited partnerships and leveraged leases. The manual lists and analyzes the major sources of debt and equity financing that are potentially available to a developer. Finally, all the previously discussed pieces are put together and how the decisions relating to such factors as marketing, taxation and debt financing interrelate to determine the probable success and profitability of a project are investigated. Furthermore, this part of the manual will provide an illustrated guide to understanding the financing process, leading the reader through the decisionmaking and negotiation points, and highlighting what should be borne in mind, what a developer may be giving up and what the perspective of other key actors will be at those points.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Organic Photosensitizers Based on Phenothiazine Chromophore for Application of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

We developed organic dye containing the multi-chromophororic system in a molecule by connecting two individual chromophores with alkyl chain directly forusein DSSCs. Each of chromophore contains phenothiazine moiety as an electron donor and various electron acceptor/anchor to identify the effects of the number of electron acceptor and the kind of electron acceptor on the performance of DSSCs. The molecular structure having multi-chromophoric system containing cyanoacrylic acid moieties provided about 10% higher Jsc value than their counter parts of single-chromophore type.
Effects of Intracerebroventricular Administration of Thyrotrophic-Releasing Hormone on Cardiovascular Function in the Rat (1982)

The effects of administration of thyrotrophic-releasing hormone (TRH) into the lateral cerebral ventricle on cardiovascular functions were assessed in both urethane-anesthetized and unanesthetized rats. Intracerebroventricular administration of TRH (10-60 micrograms in 5.0 microliters volume) caused a dose-dependent increase in both the heart rate and the mean arterial pressure. For example, both the heart rate and the arterial pressure rose almost immediately and reached their maximal levels about 4 min after an injection of 40 micrograms TRH. The cardiovascular responses recovered about 10 min after the TRH injection. In addition, reflex bradycardia was produced by intravenous infusion of epinephrine (1.0-5.0 micrograms/kg) in rats. Over the dose range of epinephrine used, a dose-dependent bradycardia was obtained. It was found that intracerebroventricular pretreatment of animals with TRH, although causing no change in the epinephrine-induced pressor effect, did reduce the epinephrine-induced reflex bradycardia in rats. However, intravenous pretreatment of animals with the same dose of TRH had no effect on the epinephrine-induced bradycardia. Thus, the data indicate that TRH acts through a central mechanism to inhibit reflex bradycardia mediated through baroreceptor reflexes in response to acute increase in blood pressure.
Revisiting scalable modular multiplication over GF(2/sup m/) for elliptic curve cryptography (2006)

A new unbalanced exponent modular reduction over GF(2m) is proposed. The algorithm can achieve high efficiency when computing on a certain class of fields generated by f(x) = x <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> + T(x) where deg[T(x)] Lt C m. The algorithm is applied in modular multiplication on the basis of scalable polynomial basis(SPB) to form scalable modular multiplication. Most of irreducible polynomials used in elliptic curve cryptography(ECC) fulfil the characteristic mentioned above well. So the scalable algorithm is implemented in ECC computation with high flexibility and efficiency both in theoretic calculation and application
Tunable all-solid-state local oscillators to 1900 GHz (2004)

We present a status report of an ongoing effort to develop robust tunable all-solid-state sources up to 1900 GHz for the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI) on the Herschel Space Observatory. GaAs based multi-chip power amplifier modules at W-band are used to drive cascaded chains of multipliers. We have demonstrated performance from chains comprised of four doublers up to 1600 GHz as well as from a x2x3x3 chain to 1900 GHz. Measured peak output power of23 IlWat 1782 GHz and 2.61!W at 1900 GHz has been achieved when the multipliers are cooled to 120K. The 1900 GHz tripler was pumped with a four anode tripler that produces a peak of 4 mW at 630 GHz when cooled to 120 K. We believe that these sources can now be used to pump hot electron bolometer (HEB) heterodyne mixers. I.
Potentials for radio frequency identification in AEC/FM (2008)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has proved to be very effective in industries as diverse as aircraft manufacturing to health and care. The construction industry has been slow to take up on RFID and this paper will discuss the merits of the technology in its potential for application within the construction sector. The paper reports about the prototypical implementation of RFID-based information management in FM-scenarios. The prototypes were tested at University College Cork (UCC). The general applicability of RFID for decentralised information management could be demonstrated.
An In Situ Interferometric Analysis Of Resist Development On Photomask Substrates (1989)

An apparatus designed to monitor the development rate and thus control the feature size of electron beam exposed positive-acting resists on photomask substrates is presented. Development rate monitoring and development end-point identification is accomplished using real time optical interferometric techniques. This system is interfaced with an Applied Process Technology (APT)0 resist spray-spin development processor. The interferometric signal is collected and processed by an automated computer system, and is used to determine the required total development time necessary to obtain the correct critical dimensions on photomask substrates. Initial testing of the apparatus consisted of monitoring and controlling the development of electron beam exposed poly(butene-l-sulfone) (PBS) films on different reflectivity photomask substrates. For specific sets of processing conditions, calibration plots are generated by using the penultimate extrema of the interferometric development trace of an exposed center pad as a time reference point. Results have indicated that due to exposure proximity effects, it is necessary to generate separate calibration plots for a feature when it is isolated vs. when present in a periodic array. These calibration plots were tested for their validity using a series of developer concentrations (70/30 to 90/10 v/v % 5- methy1-2-hexanone/2-pentanone) and under varying relative humidity (12 to 40%) conditions. For previously defined geometry types, features in 1.25 to 4.0 μm range were within ± 0.05 μm of their coded sizes. These results represent a clear indication that stringent control PBS processing conditions and the need for iterative development can be eliminated, thereby providing a certain degree of automation in the photomask fabrication process.
RED algorithm in ATM networks (2002)

Supporting TCP data traffic over ATM-UBR service class requires special mechanisms to improve the throughput and fairness while minimizing the delay. Several ATM buffer management schemes, have been proposed to improve the throughput and fairness. Early packet discard (EPD) and fair buffer allocation (FBA) for a selective drop. The jointly RED (random early detection) algorithm proposed for packet networks (including IP) avoids, by the mean of packet marking, the global synchronization of TCP sources while maintaining a high throughput and a low delay. We study the adaptation of the RED algorithm to ATM (using EPD) and introduce an algorithm to improve its fairness. We propose and compare a cell based and a packet based RED algorithm. Finally we compare performance of RED with EPD and pure EPD, in terms of throughput, fairness and delay, in the presence of a background on/off source.
Tumor vascular-targeted therapy (2008)

According to differences of the treatment machanisms and stages, two distinct groups of vascular-targeted therapies have evolved: antiangiogenic agents and vascular-disrupting agents. Antiangiogenic agents interfere with new vessel formation, while vascular-disrupting agents damage or block the established tumor blood vessels quickly and selectively, resulting in tumor ischemia and necrosis. They differ in their tar-gets, the type or extent of disease that is likely to be susceptible, and the treatment scheduling.

Key words: 
Angiogenesis inhibitors;  Antineoplastic agents
Antibody against C-terminal Abeta selectively elevates plasma Abeta (2007)

Accumulation of amyloid beta in the brain is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and the reduction of amyloid beta has been proposed as a primary therapeutic target. Mice immunized against amyloid beta and mice infused with anti-amyloid beta antibody (active and passive immunization, respectively) have reduced brain amyloid beta levels, and two mechanisms have been proposed: microglial phagocytosis in the brain and enhancement of amyloid beta efflux by antibodies present in the periphery (sequestration). The optimal antibody for microglial phagocytosis has been shown to be N-terminal-specific antibody; however, the potency of C-terminal-specific antibody in sequestration remains unclear. In this study, we found that anti-amyloid beta 40-specific antibody induces amyloid beta sequestration. These results indicate that C-terminal antibodies may be useful in amyloid beta sequestration therapy.
Influence of Calcium and Environmental Temperature on Performance of First-Cycle (Phase 1) Commercial Leghorns (1996)

An experiment was conducted to determine whether optimizing profits, as well as eggshell and skeletal strength, by manipulation of dietary Ca level has any influence on either egg weight, egg production or feed consumption during the first 12 wk of production (Weeks 20 to 32, Phase 1). Hens were housed at two environmental temperatures (15.6 to 23.3 and 21.1 to 28.9 C) and fed six diets from 20 to 32 wk of age containing 2.5 to 5.0% Ca with increments of 0.5% and with ME levels ranging from 2,719 to 2,950 kcal/kg, respectively. Egg specific gravity, egg production, egg weight, and feed consumption were determined at weekly or biweekly intervals. At 32 wk of age, plasma Ca, bone density, and bone breaking strength were determined. Results indicated that environmental temperature had no influence on egg production but hens housed at the lower environmental temperature had an increase in egg weight, egg specific gravity, and feed consumption. Increasing dietary Ca level increased egg production, egg specific gravity, feed consumption, ionic plasma Ca, bone density, and bone breaking strength and had no adverse effect on egg weight. It was concluded that Hy-Line W-36 hens could be fed diets containing as much as 5% Ca with no adverse effect on egg production, egg weight, or feed consumption and that Hy-Line W-36 hens (Phase 1) under conditions described should be fed diets containing a minimum of 4.25% Ca (3.4 to 3.6 g per hen per d) to 4.5% Ca (3.6 to 3.8 g per hen per d). Calcium intake should range from 3.0 g per hen per d at 21 wk of age to 4.2 g per hen per d at 32 wk of age.
Evaluation of a mixed flowing gas test (1991)

The results of a process to better understand the IBM GIT gaseous corrosion test are presented. Previous work over the past two years has centered around the changing of a single gas of a mixture and analyzing the subsequent corrosion products. In the work reported in the paper, an effort to achieve a particular corrosion outcome by changing multiple gas concentrations is attempted by applying knowledge gained from these previous experiments. The possible synergistic effects between different gas species were considered in a qualitative manner to determine the gas concentrations to be used for generating the desired composition of corrosion products. Results from these exposures were analyzed using coulometric reduction, SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and X-ray diffraction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Querying event logs: Discovering non-events in event logs (2010)

Nowadays companies are more complex than before. Processes are linked together and a lot of data stream through organizations. Every second hundreds or even thousands of events occur. Accordingly it becomes a very challenging job to find meaningful events, patterns or non-events. Continuous query languages can support end users to manage this infinite stream of events and aid to discover significant events. Particularly the search for expected events that didn't take place is important to prevent them of going by unnoticed. Finding these so-called non-events is a tremendous challenge for organizations because these events aren't registered. This paper investigates available tools and compares how these tools can be used to find such non-events with two different continuous query languages. From now on, even things that didn't happen, won't escape being noticed.