gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some Recent Developments in Labor Law in Missouri (1958)

This discussion of a very limited number of recent MVissouri cases is presented with no particular purpose either to criticize adversely or to commend the decisions, but rather to call attention to developments that appear to have significance for the future of labor-management relations in Missouri.It appears that the most effective means of pointing up the probable significance of the decisions is to quote generously from the opinions with somewhat limited comments.The first case selected for consideration is the 1956 case of Adams Dairy v. Burke.'In this case Local 603 of the Teamsters Union had represented the milk wagon drivers of Adams Dairy from the time it entered business in St. Louis until July of 1954 when an independent union formed by the drivers was certified by the National Labor Relations Board as the bargaining representative following a Board conducted election.Charges of unfair labor practices filed against Adams Dairy by Local 603 were dismissed, and the local then started a campaign to urge the public, as well as its members, "to refrain from purchasing the products of Adams Dairy Company" 2 when doing business with any store selling Adams Dairy products.Pamphlets so urging were distributed at various retail grocery stores handling dairy products.The alleged purpose was "'to get the public not to buy Adams Dairy products,' "3 and "'to get the public to buy milk from people under con-*The original of these materials was presented as part of a program at a Labor-Management Conference on March 28, 1958, at Drury College in Springfield, Missouri.It is currently being published as a part of the proceedings of that conference, largely for local distribution.Besides the addition of footnotes, certain minor elaborations by way of comments are included in the published version.
A laboratory study of the toxicity of the butanol extract of endod (Phytolacca dodecandra) on two species of freshwater fish and two species of aquatic snails. (1990)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the butanol extract of Endod (Phytolacca dodecandra) on 4 species of aquatic animals. Groups of 10 mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) and 8 bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) were exposed to the butanol extract of Endod in 300 ml of water at concentrations of 0.0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2 or 2.0 ppm. Groups of 10 tropical snails (Biomphalaria glabrata) and 10 pond snails (Physa spp) were also exposed to the crude extract in 50 ml of water at concentrations of 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.2, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0 or 5.0 ppm. Following a 24-h exposure period, the test subjects were transferred to extract-free water and observed for an additional 24 h. The number of dead animals was determined after the total 48-h concentration was plotted on logarithmic (probit) graph paper and the concentration of Endod which killed 50% of the test subjects (LC50) was determined. The butanol extract of Endod was lethal to 50% of the fish and snails at relatively low concentrations (less than 3.0 ppm). The results also indicated that fish were approximately 2 to 4 times more sensitive to Endod than snails.
A New Synthesis of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid. (1991)

5-Aminolevulinic acid (1) is the first commonprecursor in the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway, leading to hemes, corrins, bilins and chlorophylls.
A Method to Determine Spray Drift Potential from Nozzles and its Link to Buffer Zone Restrictions (2001)

German Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and ForestryBraunschweig (BBA) established a system to adjust buffer zone restrictions according toapplication conditions. Part of this system is the official list of loss reducing equipment, wherespraying systems are categorized in classes of at least 50%, 75% and 90% spray driftreduction. This is normally proved by field tests. A method is presented that enables anevaluation of agricultural atomizers concerning spray drift potential. Single nozzles are tested ina wind tunnel. A Drift Potential Index (DIX) is calculated from parameters of vertical driftconcentration in a section 2 m downwind from the nozzle. The DIX value is used to classifysprayers equipped with that nozzle regarding spray drift potential in relation to a conventionalflat fan reference nozzle 03 at 3 bar spray pressure. This reference corresponds to the basicdrift values from field drift measurements.<br><br>Buffer zone restrictions for a pesticide can be defined by BBA according to applicationconditions as drift reduction, kind of surface water and vegetation next to the field. The user hasto follow these restrictions corresponding with actual conditions during application.
The Inhibition of Sodium Currents in Myelinated Nerve by Quaternary Derivatives of Lidocaine (1973)

The inhibition of sodium currents by quaternary derivatives of lidocaine was studied in single myelinated nerve fibers. Membrane currents were diminished little by external quaternary lidocaine (QX). QX present in the axoplasm (<0.5 mM) inhibited sodium currents by more than 90%. Inhibition occurred as the sum of a constant, tonic phase and a variable, voltage-sensitive phase. The voltage-sensitive inhibition was favored by the application of membrane potential patterns which produce large depolarizations when sodium channels are open. Voltage-sensitive inhibition could be reversed by small depolarizations which opened sodium channels. One explanation of this observation is that QX molecules enter open sodium channels from the axoplasmic side and bind within the channels. The voltage dependence of the inhibition by QX suggests that the drug binds at a site which is about halfway down the electrical gradient from inside to outside of the sodium channel.
Identification of species by multiplex analysis of variable-length sequences (2010)

The quest for a universal and efficient method of identifying species has been a longstanding challenge in biology. Here, we show that accurate identification of species in all domains of life can be accomplished by multiplex analysis of variable-length sequences containing multiple insertion/deletion variants. The new method, called SPInDel, is able to discriminate 93.3% of eukaryotic species from 18 taxonomic groups. We also demonstrate that the identification of prokaryotic and viral species with numeric profiles of fragment lengths is generally straightforward. A computational platform is presented to facilitate the planning of projects and includes a large data set with nearly 1800 numeric profiles for species in all domains of life (1556 for eukaryotes, 105 for prokaryotes and 130 for viruses). Finally, a SPInDel profiling kit for discrimination of 10 mammalian species was successfully validated on highly processed food products with species mixtures and proved to be easily adaptable to multiple screening procedures routinely used in molecular biology laboratories. These results suggest that SPInDel is a reliable and cost-effective method for broad-spectrum species identification that is appropriate for use in suboptimal samples and is amenable to different high-throughput genotyping platforms without the need for DNA sequencing.
A MODIFICATION OF HAFFNER’S METHOD FOR TESTING ANALGESICS (1966)

Haffner's tail-pinch method (1) for testing analgesic drugs has been adopted in many laboratories either in the original method (2-4, 17) or in the varieties of modifications (5-7). Certain objections can, however, be raised against the use of the Haffner's method; the intensity of the painful stimulus produced by this method is not shown in figures, neither is it varied quantitatively. The improvement of these disadvantages has been carried out by Eddy (8), Friend and Harris (9), Fleish and Dolivo (10), Brodie et al. (11), Green and Young (12), Yanai (13), Takagi and Kameyama (14), and so on, but there seems still no ideal method exists. The Authors discribe here a simple tail-pinch method, which the intensity of pressure stimulus is varied quantitatively and which satisfies the sensitivity and reproducibility for testing non-narcotic analgesics as well as narcotics.
Separation of Individuals of Any Blood Group into Secretors and Non-Secretors by Use of a Plant Agglutinin (Lectin) (1954)

Abstract It has been found that an anti-H agglutinin, prepared by simple saline extraction of seeds of Ulex europeus, is suitable for the routine separation of individuals into secretors and non-secretors, merely by testing the ability of the undiluted saliva of the subjects to inhibit the agglutination of group O erythrocytes by the undiluted Ulex extract.
A context-based vehicular communication protocol (2005)

Research in traffic safety has indicated that active safety systems provide a better service to drivers when they use data about nearby vehicles. For supplying such information inter-vehicle communication is employed. In this paper we propose a distributed communication protocol that allows the vehicles to organize the communication network in a decentralized manner. For information dissemination we use an anonymous context-based broadcast protocol. The receivers determine whether they are the intended destination of sent messages based on knowledge about their local environment. Simulation results indicate that the proposed protocol performs well in terms of communication performance and filtering of the received information.
GluN2A Subunit-Containing NMDA Receptors Are the Preferential Neuronal Targets of Homocysteine (2016)

Homocysteine (HCY) is an endogenous redox active amino acid, best known as contributor to various neurodegenerative disorders. Although it is known that HCY can activate NMDA receptors (NMDARs), the mechanisms of its action on receptors composed of different NMDA receptor subunits remains almost unknown. In this study, using imaging and patch clamp technique in cultured cortical neurons and heterologous expression in HEK293T cells we tested the agonist activity of HCY on NMDARs composed of GluN1 and GluN2A subunits (GluN1/2A receptors) and GluN1 and GluN2B subunits (GluN1/2B receptors). We demonstrate that the time courses of Ca<sup>2+</sup> transients and membrane currents activated by HCY and NMDA in cortical neurons are drastically different. Application of HCY to cortical neurons induced responses, which in contrast to currents induced by NMDA (both in the presence of glycine) considerably decreased to steady state of small amplitude. In contrast to NMDA, HCY-activated currents at steady state were resistant to the selective GluN2B subunit inhibitor ifenprodil. In calcium-free external solution the decrease of NMDA evoked currents was abolished, suggesting the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent NMDAR desensitization. Under these conditions HCY evoked currents still declined almost to the baseline suggesting Ca<sup>2+</sup>-independent desensitization. In HEK293T cells HCY activated NMDARs of GluN1/2A and GluN1/2B subunit compositions with EC<sub>50</sub>s of 9.7 ± 1.8 and 61.8 ± 8.9 μM, respectively. Recombinant GluN1/2A receptors, however, did not desensitize by HCY, whereas GluN1/2B receptors were almost fully desensitized by HCY. Thus, HCY is a high affinity agonist of NMDARs preferring the GluN1/2A subunit composition. Our data suggest that HCY induced native NMDAR currents in neurons are mainly mediated by the "synaptic type" GluN1/2A NMDARs. This implies that in hyperhomocysteinemia, a disorder with enlarged level of HCY in plasma, HCY may persistently contribute to post-synaptic responses mediated by GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors. On the other hand, HCY toxicity may be limited by desensitization typical for HCY-induced activation of GluN2B-containing extrasynaptic receptors. Our findings, therefore, provide an evidence for the physiological relevance of endogenous HCY, which may represent an effective endogenous modulator of the central excitatory neurotransmission.
Exfoliated YBCO filaments for second-generation superconducting cable (2016)

The second-generation high temperature superconductor (2G HTS) wire is the most enticing conductor for high-field magnets such as accelerator dipoles and compact fusion devices. The key element of the wire is a thin Y<SUB>1</SUB>Ba<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> (YBCO) layer deposited on a flexible metal substrate. The substrate, which becomes incorporated in the 2G conductor, reduces the electrical and mechanical performance of the wire. This is a process that exfoliates the YBCO layer from the substrate while retaining the critical current density of the superconductor. Ten-centimeter long coupons of exfoliated YBCO layers were manufactured, and detailed structural, electrical, and mechanical characterization were reported here. After exfoliation, the YBCO layer was supported by a 75<I> μ</I>m thick stainless steel foil, which makes for a compact, mechanically stronger, and inexpensive conductor. The critical current density of the filaments was measured at both 77 K and 4.2 K. The exfoliated YBCO retained 90% of the original critical current. Similarly, tests in an external magnetic field at 4.2 K confirmed that the pinning strength of the YBCO layer was also retained following exfoliation.
A MODIFIED METHOD FOR THE COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF HEPARIN (1967)

A sensitive accurate quantitative colorimetric assay for heparin with Azure A using the Beckman DK-2 spectrophotometer is described. Limits for the presence of impurities and precautions are given.
UVB Induced Photooxidation of Vitamin E (1997)

The photochemistry of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TH, vitamin E) may contribute to its inhibition of UVB (290-320 nm) photocarcinogenesis. Photochemical reactions of alpha-TH were studied by monitoring the fate of alpha-TH in UVB irradiated liposomes and solution. Soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) liposomes were supplemented with alpha-TH (1.0 mol % alpha-TH/phospholipid) and irradiated with UVB at a dose rate of 6.0 J m-2s-1 for up to 90 min. alpha-TH was rapidly depleted in UVB irradiated liposomes. Oxidative damage, assessed by monitoring lipid peroxidation, was suppressed in SPC liposomes until alpha-TH was depleted to 20% of initial levels. alpha-TH also was rapidly depleted by UVB irradiation in acetonitrile/H2O (4:1 v/v) solution. In SPC liposomes, products previously identified as marker products for peroxyl radical scavenging by alpha-TH were observed, including alpha-tocopherol quinone, 5,6-epoxy-alpha-tocopherol quinone, and 2,3-epoxy-alpha-tocopherol quinone. These products also were formed in DOPC liposomes, which are resistant to lipid peroxyl radical formation. In addition, an alpha-tocopherol dihydroxy dimer and several 8a-(hydroperoxy)epoxytocopherones were identified by HPLC and HPLC-MS. The dimer appears to result from recombination of photoinduced tocopheroxyl radicals. Products associated with peroxyl radical scavenging (quinones, epoxyquinones, 8a-(hydroperoxy)epoxytocopherones) and with UVB dependent production of tocopheroxyl radicals (dihydroxy dimer) also were found when alpha-TH was oxidized by UVB in acetonitrile. Because the acetonitrile contained no autoxidizable substrate, formation of peroxyl radical derived products may occur via intermediate tocopherone peroxyl radicals. These results indicate that alpha-TH photooxidation proceeds via competing reactions of UVB induced tocopheroxyl radicals.
Microwave Blade Tip Clearance Measurement System (1996)

This paper describes the development of a Microwave Tip Clearance Measurement System for use in the gas turbine environment Applications for this sensor include basic tip clearance measurements, seal wear measurement and active blade tip clearance control in gas turbine engines. The system being developed was designed for useful operation to temperatures exceeding 1093°F, since only ceramic materials are directly exposed in the gas path. Other advantages of this microwave approach to blade tip clearance sensing include the existence of an inherent self-calibration in the sensor that permits accurate operation despite temperature variations and possible abrasion by the rotating blades. Earlier experiments designed to simulate this abrasion of the sensor head indicated that rubs as deep as 1 mm (40 mils) were easily tolerated. In addition, unlike methods based upon phase measurements, this method is very insensitive to cable vibration and length variations. Finally, this microwave technique is expected to be insensitive to fuel and other engine contamination, since it is based on the measurement of resonant frequencies, which are only slightly affected by moderate values of loss due to contamination.
Mouse Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Theiler's Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease (2004)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Theiler's murine encephalitis virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) are two clinically relevant murine models of multiple sclerosis (MS). Like MS, both are characterized by mononuclear cell infiltrate into the central nervous system and demyelination. EAE is induced by either the administration of protein or peptide in adjuvant or by the adoptive transfer of encephalitogenic T-cell blasts into naïve recipients. The relative merits of each of these protocols are compared. Depending on the type of question asked, different mouse strains and peptides are used. Different disease courses are observed with different strains and different peptides in active EAE. These variations are addressed, and grading of mice in EAE is discussed. In addition to EAE induction, useful references for other disease indicators, such as delayed-type hypersensitivity, in vitro proliferation, and immunohistochemistry, are provided. TMEV-IDD is a useful model for understanding the potential viral etiology of MS. This chapter provides detailed information on the preparation of viral stocks and subsequent intracerebral infection of mice. In addition, virus plaque assay and disease assessment are discussed. Recombinant TMEV strains have been created for the study of molecular mimicry; these strains incorporate 30 various amino acid myelin epitopes within the leader region of TMEV.
Cobalt–carbon/silica nanocomposites prepared by pyrolysis of a cobalt 2,2′-bipyridine terephthalate complex for remediation of cationic dyes (2020)

Recently, carbon nanostructures have attracted interest because of their unique properties and interesting applications. Here, CoC@SiO<sub>2</sub>-850 (3) and CoC@SiO<sub>2</sub>-600 (4) cobalt-carbon/silica nanocomposites were prepared by solid-state pyrolysis of anthracene with Co(tph)(2,2'-bipy)·4H<sub>2</sub>O (1) complex in the presence of silica at 850 and 600 °C, respectively, where 2,2'-bipy is 2,2'-bipyridine and tph is the terephthalate dianion. Moreover, Co(μ-tph)(2,2'-bipy) (2) was isolated and its X-ray structure indicated that cobalt(ii) has a distorted trigonal prismatic coordination geometry. 2 is a metal-organic framework consisting of one-dimensional zigzag chains within a porous grid network. 3 and 4 consist of cobalt(0)/cobalt oxide nanoparticles with a graphitic shell and carbon nanotubes embedded in the silica matrix. They were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS revealed that the nanocomposites are functionalized with oxygen-containing groups, such as carboxylic acid groups. In addition, the presence of metallic cobalt nanoparticles embedded in graphitized carbon was verified by XRD and TEM. The efficiency of 3 for adsorption of crystal violet (CV) dye was investigated by batch and column experiments. At 25 °C, the Langmuir adsorption capacity of 3 for CV was 214.2 mg g<sup>-1</sup> and the fixed-bed column capacity was 36.3 mg g<sup>-1</sup>. The adsorption data were well fitted by the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.
Flowing Bottomhole Pressure Calculation for a Pumped Well under Multiphase Flow (2005)

The ability to monitore bottomhole flowing pressure in pumping oil wells provides important information regarding both reservoir and artificial lift performance. Converting surface pressure measurements to bottomhole is currently accomplished by locating the fluid level in the annulus using a sonic device and then applying a correlation to estimate the density of the gas-cut liquid column above the perforations. This work proposes a flowing bottomhole pressure calculation procedure from fluid level measurements. The model is developed from experimental work and from theoretical arguments. The calculation procedure developed allows to calculate BHP without shutting the well, which is common for fluid level casinghead pressure measurements. Also this method allows to take into account real geometry of the The comparison of the calculated and measured pump intake pressure shows good accuracy of a technique. It allows to draw a conclusion for an opportunity to use this method in practice.
Estimation of Aircraft Target Motion Using Orientation Measurements (1981)

A new approach to estimating motion of a highly maneuverable aircraft target in an air-to-air tracking scenario is presented. An interactive filter system is developed that provides an improved estimate of target motion states by conditioning kinematic filter estimates on target aspect angle data. Pattern recognition techniques used with an electrooptical tracker are presumed to provide this target aspect information. A target orientation filter processes the aspect angle measurements by statistically weighting measured aspect angles with the current best estimate of target kinematics. The aerodynamic lift equation is used to relate approximate angle of attack to target velocity and acceleration. A novel statistical model for aircraft target normal acceleration is also developed to represent better the unknown target accelerations. Simulation results of realistic three-dimensional scenarios are presented to evaluate the performance of the interactive filter system.
[Lethal activity of benzamido-2 nitro-5 thiazole and its derivatives against Lymnaea peregra ovata Müller (Mollusca: Pulmonata) and Gammarus pulex pulex L. (Crustacea: Amphipoda)]. (1991)

The toxicity of benzamido-2-nitro-5-thiazole (BNT) and 3 derivatives was studied on Lymnaea peregra ovata and Gammarus pulex pulex. These results were compared with the toxicity obtained by application of a basic product, niclosamide. The evaluation of LC50 (50% lethality concentration) was studied to evaluate the toxicity of each product after 4 different assay periods: 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The compounds had a high toxicity against snails. Molluscicidal effect was higher than the lethal activity against Crustacea. The ortho substitution decreased the toxicity of products compared with BNT.
The theoretical analysis of stoneley waves propagating along an interface between Zno and glass (1982)

Abstract Conventional surface acoustic wave devices mainly use a Rayleigh wave, propagating along the surface of the substrate. Therefore, they require packaging. How—ever, the cost of packaging is high. Also, if the packaging quality is poor, water drops accumulate on the substrate surface at low temperature and the device may malfunction. This paper describes devices that do not require packaging and examine Stoneley waves, propagating along the interface between a piezoelectric ZnO layer, which can excite a surface wave, and a glass layer, in which material constants can be changed relatively easily. We find the range of the material constants of the glass which, in combination with ZnO, can generate Stoneley waves. We obtain the velocity, electromechanical coupling coefficient and energy concentration at the interface within this range. The effect of the material constants on these parameters is also considered. It is found that there are glasses that support Stoneley waves and others that do not.