gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Altered Na<sup>+</sup>Channels Promote Pause-Induced Spontaneous Diastolic Activity in Long QT Syndrome Type 3 Myocytes (2006)

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) type 3 (LQT3), typified by the DeltaKPQ mutation (LQT3 mutation in which amino acid residues 1505 to 1507 [KPQ] are deleted), is caused by increased sodium entry during the action potential plateau resulting from mutation-altered inactivation of the Na(v)1.5 channel. Although rare, LQT3 is the most lethal of common LQTS variants. Here we tested the hypothesis that cellular electrical dysfunction, caused not only by action potential prolongation but also by mutation-altered Na(+) entry, distinguishes LQT3 from other LQTS variants and may contribute to its distinct lethality. We compared cellular electrical activity in myocytes isolated from mice heterozygous for the DeltaKPQ mutation (DeltaKPQ) and myocytes from wild-type littermates. Current-clamp pause protocols induced rate-dependent spontaneous diastolic activity (delayed after depolarizations) in 6 of 7 DeltaKPQ, but no wild-type, myocytes (n=11) tested. Voltage-clamp pause protocols that independently control depolarization duration and interpulse interval identified a distinct contribution of both depolarization duration and mutant Na(+) channel activity to the generation of Ca(i)(2+)-dependent diastolic transient inward current. This was found at rates and depolarization durations relevant both to the mouse model and to LQT3 patients. Flecainide, which preferentially inhibits mutation-altered late Na(+) current and is used to treat LQT3 patients, suppresses transient inward current formation in voltage-clamped DeltaKPQ myocytes. Our results demonstrate a marked contribution of mutation-altered Na(+) entry to the incidence of pause-dependent spontaneous diastolic activity in DeltaKPQ myocytes and suggest that altered Na(+) entry may contribute to the elevated lethality of LQT3 versus other LQTS variants.
Advertising appeals used by services marketers: a comparison between Hong Kong and the United States (1998)

Both Hong Kong and the USA are capitalistic open markets with a highly developed service industry. This study examines the advertising appeals used by services marketers in these two markets and compares the advertising appeals used by experience services and credence services. In addition to a modified set of Resnik and Stern’s (1977) information cues, the association attributes and terminal values conveyed in services advertisements were examined. Although services advertising seems to show quite a number of market differences in the choice of information cues, association attributes, and terminal values, most of these differences diminish when the service type is controlled.
Poly(5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) (PDMICA): A Melanin-Like Polymer with Unique Electrochromic and Structural Properties (2010)

5,6-Dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid has been electrochemically polymerized to form a polymer that is chemically similar to melanin, a conjugated polymer found in nature. The poly(5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) (PDMICA) films are green and electrochromic, changing color from transparent to green and then to purple as the voltage applied increases continuously from −1 to +1 V. This result is distinct from other synthetic and natural melanins, which are dark brown and have broadband adsorption that is believed to be derived from their chemical disorder. In addition, electrochemically polymerized PDMICA has a degree of crystallinity that has not been seen in melanins, as shown by 1.39, 0.32, and 0.28 nm spacings in wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns and a nanofibrous structure, as seen in scanning electron micrographs.
Opening mitoK<sub>ATP</sub>increases superoxide generation from complex I of the electron transport chain (2006)

Opening the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (mitoK(ATP)) increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes. This increase in ROS is necessary for cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, the mechanism of mitoK(ATP)-dependent stimulation of ROS production is unknown. We examined ROS production in suspensions of isolated rat heart and liver mitochondria, using fluorescent probes that are sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. When mitochondria were treated with the K(ATP) channel openers diazoxide or cromakalim, their ROS production increased by 40-50%, and this effect was blocked by 5-hydroxydecanoate. ROS production exhibited a biphasic dependence on valinomycin concentration, with peak production occurring at valinomycin concentrations that catalyze about the same K(+) influx as K(ATP) channel openers. ROS production decreased with higher concentrations of valinomycin and with all concentrations of a classical protonophoretic uncoupler. Our studies show that the increase in ROS is due specifically to K(+) influx into the matrix and is mediated by the attendant matrix alkalinization. Myxothiazol stimulated mitoK(ATP)-dependent ROS production, whereas rotenone had no effect. This indicates that the superoxide originates in complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) of the electron transport chain.
Surgeon Perception of Cancellous Screw Fixation (2013)

Surgeon perception is not reliable at preventing and detecting screw stripping at clinical torque levels in synthetic cancellous bone. Less aggressive insertion or standardized methods of insertion may improve the stability of nonlocking screw and plate constructs.
Mechanism of surface charging during CO2 jet spray cleaning (1995)

The mechanism by which surfaces are electrostatically charged during CO2 gas/solid jet spray cleaning has been investigated. The dominant mechanism of surface charging is the transfer of electrons between solid CO2 particles and the surface being cleaned. This transfer is driven by the mismatch in the Fermi levels of the CO2 particles and the substrate; hence, the direction of transfer (sign of the charge on the substrate) is determined by the work function of the material being cleaned. Materials with high work functions charge negatively, with the exception of ferromagnetic materials such as nickel and cobalt. Materials with low work functions initially charge positively, but some of these were observed to then charge negatively after several seconds of exposure to the spray. The magnitude of the steady-state charge (typically 0.1 to several kV) depended upon parameters other than the Fermi level, including substrate thickness, conductivity, and dielectric constant, and jet spray design. When the jet spray is operated in air, the charge is strongly affected by the relative humidity. Under these conditions, transients in the charge may occur; the magnitude of these transients will depend on nozzle design as well as the environment. The ramifications of these observations are several. The extent of charging will depend upon the nozzle design, which controls the CO2 particle velocity among other parameters. The effect of contaminant films on the work function of materials effectively prohibits tuning the charge on the CO2 particles to match the CO2 Fermi level with that of a substrate to eliminate charging. When cleaning under conditions of moderate to high relative humidity, one should expect transients in the charge to occur. These results indicate that, for at least some high-velocity CO2 jet spray gun designs, it would be prudent to avoid cleaning charge-sensitive materials or systems with the jet spray.
Automated Testing of Electronic Control Units Compatibility in Vehicle CAN Networks (2005)

CAN communication is nowadays the basic way for information exchange among the Electronic Control Units (ECUs) that control particular vehicle functionality. Correct and in-time data delivery from other units is the underlying presumption of the proper ECU function. As the CAN is rather complex standard, the detailed testing of ECU behavior is necessary at all protocol layers of the communication stack. In order to simplify the testing and to reduce the human factor influence the automated test site has been designed and implemented, which realizes more than 50 physical, link and application protocol layer tests. For some of them specialized test instruments (like CAN generator or CAN trigger unit) were designed that allow influencing the communication events in real-time, as well as instruments allowing real-time simulation of complete bus traffic. The use of programmable logic for hardware implementation allows modifying instruments functionality without changes in a hardware structure. The time to run the complete test was reduced more than 10 times compared to previously used manual measurement and evaluation. The paper describes methods and their implementation used for the testing the ECUs behavior at the CAN interface.
Experimental Diagnostics for the Study of Combustion Instabilities in Lean Premixed Combustors (2003)

An improved understanding of the mechanisms of unstable combustion in lean premixed combustors is essential to the development of stable gas turbine combustion systems. To obtain such understanding, detailed experimental studies of the phenomenology of unstable combustion are required. A number of experimental diagnostic techniques for characterizing unstable combustion and the underlying instability mechanisms are discussed. This includes techniques based on pressure, chemiluminescence emission, infrared absorption, and laser-induced fluorescence measurements. The techniques themselves are discussed briefly; however, the primary objective is to present and discuss results illustrating how these techniques can be used to characterize the mechanisms of unstable combustion, to gain an improved understanding of unstable combustion, and to develop strategies for suppressing unstable combustion in lean premixed gas turbine combustors.
SPS silicon reference system (1980)

The design analysis of a silicon power conversion system for the solar power satellite (SPS) is summarized. The solar array, consisting of glass encapsulated 50 micrometer silicon solar cells, is described. The general scheme for power distribution to the array/antenna interface is described. Degradation by proton irradiation is considered. The interface between the solar array and the klystron equipped power transmitter is described.
Molecular cloning of the gene encoding Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Fe(II) oxidase. High homology of the gene product with HiPIP. (1992)

The amino-terminal sequence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Fe(II) oxidase (linked to cytochrome c552) was determined, and the iro gene that encodes this enzyme was cloned using degenerate oligonucleotides as a probe. The DNA sequence of a region (856 base pairs) which encompasses the iro gene revealed that the enzyme was encoded by a 273-base pair open reading frame and consists of 90 amino acids, including a possible 37-residue signal sequence. The iro gene seems to be transcribed independently of any other gene because the transcriptional products are 0.45 and 0.6 kilobases in size. Current protein databases revealed that the iro gene product is a new member of the high redox potential iron sulfur proteins, which generally function in electron transport but do not show enzymatic activity.
Adherence of organisms to silver-coated surfaces (1995)

Pure silver-, silver oxide- and silver chloride-treated surfaces in comparison to polypropylene inhibited both growth and adherence from saline of Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. These same organisms demonstrated enhanced adherence to an Ion-Beam-Assisted-Deposited silver surface followed by loss of viability. This type of surface in contrast to the other silver surfaces did not produce zones of inhibition in agar diffusion tests.
Diagnosis and management of leukaemia in dogs and cats (2006)

NEOPLASIA of the haematopoietic system is common in dogs and cats. In both species, lymphoma (eg, malignant lymphoma, lymphosarcoma) occurs far more frequently than leukaemia and multiple myeloma. Nevertheless, these conditions are important in the differential diagnosis of haematological and some metabolic problems. Animals with leukaemia do not present with an obvious tumour mass or lump, but rather with vague and non‐specific clinical signs. Diagnosis, therefore, relies on a series of laboratory‐based investigations ‐ some more specialist than others. The aim of this article is to update practitioners on current diagnostic and treatment approaches for dogs and cats with leukaemia, using case examples as illustrations.
Qualitative study exploring 'nutrition'-related calls to a cancer helpline from people affected by cancer: what are they really about? (2017)

Background: People affected by cancer often have concerns about the role nutrition plays in cancer prevention, treatment or recovery. Telephone support services can act as a support mechanism for people to access credible information on a range of topics. Aims: To explore the nature of nutrition-related enquiries to a telephone support service and the role of the oncology nurse in responding to these enquiries. Methods: Nutrition-related calls from September to November 2013 were audited, transcribed and analysed thematically. Results: From the 24 calls included, three key themes emerged: (i) Unmet needs revealed during contact; (ii) Nutrition as a conversation starter; and (iii) Nursing knowledge, intuition, assessment and scope of practice. Discussion: People used nutrition queries as a tangible reason to initiate contact with the telephone support service. In the absence of non-verbal cues, nurses must 'listen between the lines' to recognise when deeper issues may be hiding behind more overt reasons for information seeking.
Immunohistochemical distribution of the three predominant secretory proteins in the parenchyma of hyperplastic and neoplastic prostate glands (1988)

Prostatic acid phosphate (PAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and beta-microseminoprotein (beta-MSP) were regularly localized immunohistochemically to the epithelium of the acini and that of the ducts in the nodules of 24 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The immunohistochemical distribution of these three prostatic-secreted proteins was also examined, with monoclonal antisera against PAP and PSA and with polyclonal antisera against PAP, PSA, and beta-MSP, in a series of 40 cases of prostatic adenocarcinomas graded according to the WHO classification. Highly differentiated (grade I) carcinomas showed a high incidence of PAP-, PSA-, and beta-MSP-immunoreactive cells. As in the normal and hyperplastic prostate parenchyma, highly differentiated (grade I) carcinomas were found to contain an almost equal number of PAP-, PSA-, and beta-MSP-immunoreactive cells. When semiquantitatively assessed, the incidence of PAP-, PSA-, and beta-MSP-immunoreactive cells was found to be lower in the moderately and poorly differentiated (grades II and III) tumors than in the highly differentiated ones; they also showed greater staining variability. Tumor cells immunoreactive with a monoclonal antiserum raised against PAP in carcinomas of grades II and III were less frequent than tumor cells immunoreactive with antisera against PSA, beta-MSP, and a polyclonal antiserum against PAP. The almost identical distribution of PSA and beta-MSP in carcinomas of grades II and III suggests that PSA and beta-MSP are not less sensitive tumor markers than PAP for the monitoring of the course and the treatment of prostatic carcinomas.
Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: impact on the gut immune system and allergic reactions (2011)

Probiotics and prebiotics, alone or together (synbiotics), can influence the intestinal microbiota and modulate the immune response. They may therefore be tools that can prevent or alleviate certain pathologies involving the gut immune system, such as allergies for which no treatment is yet available. This review focuses first on the definitions of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics and key cells in the gut immune system. It then discusses their effects on mucosal immune stimulation. Experimental findings suggest that different probiotic species have similar effects on innate immunity by improving the mechanisms of pathogen destruction. On the contrary, their impacts seem to be variable on the adaptive immune system. Prebiotics can also exert an influence on the gut immune system via the stimulation of the autochthonous bacteria metabolism. Finally, this review focuses on the effects of food supplements on allergy. Different studies performed in humans or rodents have supported a potential role for selected probiotics and prebiotics in reducing some allergic parameters. Probiotic effects on allergy treatment are unclear, especially in human studies. However, they are potentially effective at short-term for prevention when they are administered in perinatal conditions. A clinical study performed with an infant cohort revealed a beneficial effect of prebiotics in preventing allergic manifestations at long-term. Further studies are nonetheless essential to confirm these findings. Food supplements offer potential tools for the prevention or treatment of allergy, but insufficient evidence is available at present to recommend their use in clinical practice.
Fault Detection by Mining Association Rules from House-keeping Data (2001)

We varied rates of glucose transport and glycogen synthase I (GS-I) activity (%GS-I) in isolated rat epitrochlearis muscle to examine the role of each process in determining the rate of glycogen accumulation. %GS-I was maintained at or above the fasting basal range during 3 h of incubation with 36 mM glucose and 60 microU/ml insulin. Lithium (2 mM LiCl) added to insulin increased glucose transport rate and muscle glycogen content compared with insulin alone. The glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibitor GF-109203 x (GF; 10 microM) maintained %GS-I about twofold higher than insulin with or without lithium but did not increase glycogen accumulation. When %GS-I was lowered below the fasting range by prolonged incubation with 36 mM glucose and 2 mU/ml insulin, raising rates of glucose transport with bpV(phen) or of %GS-I with GF produced additive increases in glycogen concentration. Phosphorylase activity was unaffected by GF or bpV(phen). In muscles of fed animals, %GS-I was approximately 30% lower than in those of fasted rats, and insulin-stimulated glycogen accumulation did not occur unless %GS-I was raised with GF. We conclude that the rate of glucose transport is rate limiting for glycogen accumulation unless %GS-I is below the fasting range, in which case both glucose transport rate and GS activity can limit glycogen accumulation.
Mapping of replication initiation site in<i>Mycoplasma capricolum</i>genome by two-dimensional gel-electrophoretic analysis (1993)

The homolog of the dnaA gene, which has been reported to be present in the vicinity of the initiation site of replication in the genome of Mycoplasma capricolum (M.Miyata, L.Wang, and T.Fukumura, J. Bacteriol. 175: 655-660, 1993) was mapped precisely. A 9540-bp region containing the dnaA gene was cloned and the entire region was sequenced with the exception of a previously reported region of 2517 bp (Fujita, M.Q., Yoshikawa, H. and Ogasawara, N. Gene 93: 73-78, 1992). The organization of the 9540-bp region was compared with that of corresponding regions in other bacteria. The arrangement and directions of rnpA, rpmH, dnaA, dnaN were conserved, but no other open reading frames were found that were homologous to those that are commonly found around dnaA genes in other bacteria. The directions of movement of the replication fork around the dnaA gene were analyzed by neutral/alkaline two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The forks developed in a 1569-bp region that consisted of the dnaA structural gene and its downstream non-coding region, and then they proceeded bidirectionally.
A Hierarchical Framework of Cloud Resource Allocation and Power Management Using Deep Reinforcement Learning (2017)

Automatic decision-making approaches, such as reinforcement learning (RL), have been applied to (partially) solve the resource allocation problem adaptively in the cloud computing system. However, a complete cloud resource allocation framework exhibits high dimensions in state and action spaces, which prohibit the usefulness of traditional RL techniques. In addition, high power consumption has become one of the critical concerns in design and control of cloud computing systems, which degrades system reliability and increases cooling cost. An effective dynamic power management (DPM) policy should minimize power consumption while maintaining performance degradation within an acceptable level. Thus, a joint virtual machine (VM) resource allocation and power management framework is critical to the overall cloud computing system. Moreover, novel solution framework is necessary to address the even higher dimensions in state and action spaces. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical framework for solving the overall resource allocation and power management problem in cloud computing systems. The proposed hierarchical framework comprises a global tier for VM resource allocation to the servers and a local tier for distributed power management of local servers. The emerging deep reinforcement learning (DRL) technique, which can deal with complicated control problems with large state space, is adopted to solve the global tier problem. Furthermore, an autoencoder and a novel weight sharing structure are adopted to handle the high-dimensional state space and accelerate the convergence speed. On the other hand, the local tier of distributed server power managements comprises an LSTM based workload predictor and a model-free RL based power manager, operating in a distributed manner. Experiment results using actual Google cluster traces show that our proposed hierarchical framework significantly saves the power consumption and energy usage than the baseline while achieving no severe latency degradation. Meanwhile, the proposed framework can achieve the best trade-off between latency and power/energy consumption in a server cluster.
Antisense rescue defines specialized and generalized functional domains for c-Fos protein. (1993)

Serum induces the expression of a number of proteins with similar transcriptional properties, including those encoded by the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun. This study employs a novel antisense rescue method to determine whether antisense-resistant genes (constructed by deletion of antisense RNA target sequences) can replace c-fos expression during serum-induced DNA synthesis. Immunoprecipitation studies and nuclease protection assays demonstrated that anti-fos RNA inhibited endogenous c-fos expression but did not inhibit expression of transfected antisense-resistant mutant c-fos genes. The results of nuclear-labelling and cellular-proliferation studies indicated that C terminally truncated Fos mutants, including FBR v-fos, could not rescue endogenous Fos, although full-length and minimally truncated c-fos expression vectors could restore serum-induced DNA synthesis in cells expressing anti-fos RNA. Overexpression of c-Jun protein (Jun) could not restore serum-induced DNA synthesis to cells expressing inducible anti-fos RNA despite equivalent transactivation of an AP-1 target gene. Thus, the antisense rescue method defines a specialized function for c-Fos protein which is distinct from the function(s) of Jun and/or transforming FBR v-Fos proteins.