gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Low‐Angle Dual Spin‐Echo (FLADE): A new robust pulse sequence for structural imaging of trabecular bone (2006)

Mechanical strength and fracture resistance of trabecular bone (TB) are largely determined by the structural arrangement of individual trabeculae. Fast 3D spin-echo approaches are preferable to gradient echoes in that they are less sensitive to local induced gradients at the bone/marrow interface caused by magnetic susceptibility difference between the two tissues. FLASE is a 3D pulse sequence that serves this purpose. Here, we present a new pulse sequence dubbed FLADE (fast low-angle dual spin-echo) that overcomes some of the limitations inherent to FLASE, such as sensitivity to artifactual stimulated echoes. The double-echo sequence features a flip angle <90 degrees allowing for TR << T(1). The second phase-reversal pulse has the dual function of creating a second echo and restoring inverted longitudinal magnetization. The prolonged TR, made possible by sampling only half of k(z)-space, is used to collect navigator echoes in adjacent slabs for sensing subpixel translational displacements. FLADE is shown to provide SNR comparable to FLASE while having narrower point-spread function and being more robust to imperfections in the nonselective 180 degree pulses. Structural parameters derived from the in vivo images with the two pulse sequences are highly correlated, therefore suggesting that clinical data obtained with either pulse sequence can be merged.
Email in personal information management (2006)

Email's conduit function means the inbox, folders, search, and sort are used to support core PIM functions of task management, personal archiving, and contact management.
Microfabricated Monolith Columns for Liquid Chromatography. Sculpting Supports for Liquid Chromatography (2000)

Monolith columns are generally fabricated by polymerization of monomers within a column. This paper reviews an alternative strategy in which the bed is microfabricated in an inorganic material by ablation. Channels of 1.5 μm width and 10 μm depth were sculpted in quartz by deep reaction ion etching. Using this approach chromatographic beds were constructed in which cubic support structures were created and arranged in rows to mimic particles in a conventional column. Beds ranging from hundreds of thousands to millions of “particles” with volumes of 15 nL to 15 μL were produced. Columns that had been derivatized with an octadecyl silane stationary phase were used to separate both low molecular weight analytes and peptides in the CEC mode. Plate height in the CEC mode was 1.2 μm at maximum efficiency.
Study of Shifting without Driving Force Interrupt for Double Electric Motor HEV (2009)

For traditional gearbox, the engine power is cut off while shifting, which will interrupt the power of power-train, make velocity down, affect the acceleration of up gear and lower the vehicle dynamic. A double electric motor hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) that designed in a particular integrated power-train structure provides the necessary condition to deal with power interrupting while shifting. In this paper, theory and control method of shifting without driving force interrupt (SWDFI) are studied. The evaluation indicators for SWDFI are advanced and the model of double electric motor HEV is used to analyze the performance of the vehicle. Results show that question of shifting with driving force interrupt is solved, which improves the dynamic of HEV.
RIPK1 and NF-κB signaling in dying cells determines cross-priming of CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells (2015)

Dying cells initiate adaptive immunity by providing both antigens and inflammatory stimuli for dendritic cells, which in turn activate CD8(+) T cells through a process called antigen cross-priming. To define how different forms of programmed cell death influence immunity, we established models of necroptosis and apoptosis, in which dying cells are generated by receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 and caspase-8 dimerization, respectively. We found that the release of inflammatory mediators, such as damage-associated molecular patterns, by dying cells was not sufficient for CD8(+) T cell cross-priming. Instead, robust cross-priming required receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) signaling and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-induced transcription within dying cells. Decoupling NF-κB signaling from necroptosis or inflammatory apoptosis reduced priming efficiency and tumor immunity. Our results reveal that coordinated inflammatory and cell death signaling pathways within dying cells orchestrate adaptive immunity.
MeDShare: Trust-Less Medical Data Sharing Among Cloud Service Providers via Blockchain (2017)

The dissemination of patients' medical records results in diverse risks to patients' privacy as malicious activities on these records cause severe damage to the reputation, finances, and so on of all parties related directly or indirectly to the data. Current methods to effectively manage and protect medical records have been proved to be insufficient. In this paper, we propose MeDShare, a system that addresses the issue of medical data sharing among medical big data custodians in a trust-less environment. The system is blockchain-based and provides data provenance, auditing, and control for shared medical data in cloud repositories among big data entities. MeDShare monitors entities that access data for malicious use from a data custodian system. In MeDShare, data transitions and sharing from one entity to the other, along with all actions performed on the MeDShare system, are recorded in a tamper-proof manner. The design employs smart contracts and an access control mechanism to effectively track the behavior of the data and revoke access to offending entities on detection of violation of permissions on data. The performance of MeDShare is comparable to current cutting edge solutions to data sharing among cloud service providers. By implementing MeDShare, cloud service providers and other data guardians will be able to achieve data provenance and auditing while sharing medical data with entities such as research and medical institutions with minimal risk to data privacy.
Submicron Feature Patterning Using Spin‐On‐Glass Image Reversal (SOGIR) (1988)

A spin‐on‐glass image reversal (SOGIR) process for fabricating patterns in the submicron‐nanometer region is described. It consists of successive spin coating of the bottom layer and image layer, pattern fabrication in the image layer, spin coating of SOG, etchback of SOG, and RIE of the bottom layer. The reversed images of the original patterns in the image layer are accurately replicated into the bottom layer. High resolution and good critical dimension (CD) control are obtained.
jCard: The JSON Format for vCard (2014)

This specification defines jCard, a JSON format for vCard data. The
vCard data format is a text format for representing and exchanging
information about individuals and other entities, for example,
telephone numbers, email addresses, structured names, and delivery
addresses. JSON is a lightweight, text-based, language- independent
data interchange format commonly used in Internet applications.
Active suppression of allogeneic proliferative responses by dendritic cells after induction of long-term allograft survival by CTLA4Ig (2003)

Costimulatory blockade using cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin (CTLA4Ig) efficiently down-regulates immune responses in animal models and is currently used in autoimmune and transplantation clinical trials, but the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Rats that received allogeneic heart transplants and were treated with adenoviruses coding for CTLA4Ig show long-term allograft survival. The immune mechanisms regulating induction of long-term allograft acceptance were analyzed in splenocytes using mixed leukocyte reactions (MLRs). MLRs of splenocytes but not purified T cells from CTLA4Ig-treated rats showed higher than 75% inhibition compared with controls. Splenocytes from CTLA4Ig-treated rats inhibited proliferation of naive and allogeneically primed splenocytes or T cells. MLR suppression was dependent on soluble secreted product(s). Production of soluble inhibitory product(s) was triggered by a donor antigen-specific stimulation and inhibited proliferation in an antigen-nonspecific manner. CTLA4Ig levels in the culture supernatant were undetectable and neither interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1), IL-4, nor IL-13 were responsible for suppression of MLRs. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production or addition of IL-2 could not restore proliferation independently, but the combined treatment synergistically induced proliferation comparable with controls. Stimulation of APCs using tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) or CD40L and addition of IL-2 normalized MLRs of CTLA4Ig-treated splenocytes. Finally, dendritic cells (DCs), but not T cells, from CTLA4Ig-treated rats inhibited naive MLRs. Altogether, these results provide evidence that after in vivo CTLA4Ig treatment, splenocytes, and in particular DCs, can inhibit alloantigen-induced proliferative responses through secretion of inhibitory products, thus promoting alloantigen-specific tolerance in vivo.
Facile Preparation of optically Pure (3S)- and (3R)- 1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid (1983)

Optically pure (3S)-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (1) was easily obtained by fractional crystallization of its benzyl ester (2b) p-toluenesulfonate, which was prepared from partially racemized 1 hydrochloride, followed by catalytic debenzylation. Similarly, (3R)-1 was prepared by the same procedure. The degree of racemization during the Pictet-Spengler reaction using optically active phenylalanine was determined by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy of the corresponding methyl ester (2a), derived from the reaction product (1), in the presence of a chiral shift reagent.
Use of algae or algal oil rich in n-3 fatty acids as a feed supplement for dairy cattle (2012)

Fish oil is used as a ration additive to provide n-3 fatty acids to dairy cows. Fish do not synthesize n-3 fatty acids; they must consume microscopic algae or other algae-consuming fish. New technology allows for the production of algal biomass for use as a ration supplement for dairy cattle. Lipid encapsulation of the algal biomass protects n-3 fatty acids from biohydrogenation in the rumen and allows them to be available for absorption and utilization in the small intestine. Our objective was to examine the use of algal products as a source for n-3 fatty acids in milk. Four mid-lactation Holsteins were assigned to a 4×4 Latin square design. Their rations were supplemented with 1× or 0.5× rumen-protected (RP) algal biomass supplement, 1× RP algal oil supplement, or no supplement for 7 d. Supplements were lipid encapsulated (Balchem Corp., New Hampton, NY). The 1× supplements provided 29 g/d of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and 0.5× provided half of this amount. Treatments were analyzed by orthogonal contrasts. Supplementing dairy rations with rumen-protected algal products did not affect feed intake, milk yield, or milk component yield. Short- and medium-chain fatty acid yields in milk were not influenced by supplements. Both 0.5× and 1× RP algae supplements increased daily milk fat yield of DHA (0.5 and 0.6±0.10 g/d, respectively) compared with 1× RP oil (0.3±0.10 g/d), but all supplements resulted in milk fat yields greater than that of the control (0.1±0.10g/d). Yield of trans-18:1 fatty acids in milk fat was also increased by supplementation. Trans-11 18:1 yield (13, 20, 27, and 15±3.0 g/d for control, 0.5× RP algae, 1× RP algae, and 1× RP oil, respectively) was greater for supplements than for control. Concentration of DHA in the plasma lipid fraction on d 7 showed that the DHA concentration was greatest in plasma phospholipid. Rumen-protected algal biomass provided better DHA yield than algal oil. Feeding lipid-encapsulated algae supplements may increase n-3 content in milk fat without adversely affecting milk fat yield; however, preferential esterification of DHA into plasma phospholipid may limit its incorporation into milk fat.
Memory-based object detection in surveillance scenes (2016)

Object detection is a significant step of intelligent video surveillance. The existing methods achieve the goals by technically designing or learning special features and detection models. Conversely, we propose a method to simulate the mechanism of memory and prediction in our brain. Firstly, a fix-sized window is slid on a static image to generate sequences. Then, a convolutional neural network extracts the sequence features. Finally, a long short-term memory receives these sequence features in proper order to memorize and recognize the sequential patterns. Our contributions are 1) a memory-based classification model in which both of feature learning and sequence learning are integrated subtly, and 2) a memory-based prediction model which is specially designed to predict the potential object locations in the surveillance scene. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our method obtains the best performance on three surveillance datasets. Our method may give some new insights on object detection researches.
Hepatitis B virus DNA in the serum of Sardinian blood donors negative for the hepatitis B surface antigen (1989)

The high endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and liver disease in Sardinia led us to assess the occurrence of HBV DNA in 1,411 sera of two selected groups of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)- negative blood donors: 793 with abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and 618 with normal serum ALT values (determined during routine testing of their blood donation). HBV DNA sequences were detected by dot-blot hybridization in 68 of 793 subjects (9%) with abnormal ALT but only in three of 618 subjects (0.5%) with normal ALT. HBV-core antibody (anti-HBc) was detected in 338 of 793 subjects (43%) with abnormal ALT as well as in 125 of 618 subjects (20.2%) with normal ALT. Among the 71 subjects positive for serum HBV DNA, 22 (31%) were positive for anti- HBc, while 49 (69%) were negative for all serologic markers of HBV infection. Thus, a high frequency of anti-HBc in apparently healthy HBsAg-negative individuals and a high prevalence of serum HBV DNA in the absence of immunologic markers of HBV infection suggest the existence of genetic variants of HBV that may be responsible for some of the presumed NANB hepatitis encountered in Sardinia and possibly other areas of high endemicity for HBV.
The histopathologic spectrum in Mycobacterium marinum infection. (1985)

Review of nine culture-positive cases of Mycobacterium marinum infection revealed a broad range in the histopathologic features of lesions produced by this organism. Four synovial lesions and five cutaneous infections were observed. A range of inflammatory changes were seen in both synovial and skin lesions, varying from mostly acute inflammation with suppuration to a more chronic process with numerous, well-formed granulomas. Organisms were observed in the biopsy sections of only one of the nine cases. Therefore, culture of the biopsy tissue at 30 degrees C is crucial in establishing the diagnosis. These cases emphasize the importance of considering mycobacterial infection and performing cultures even when granulomatous changes in the synovium or skin are subtle.
A novel poly-silicon-capped poly-silicon-germanium thin-film transistor (2002)

Poly-silicon-capped (poly-Si-capped) polysilicon-germanium (poly-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/) thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been designed and fabricated with the aim to improve performance of load devices in high-density mega-bit SRAM cells. Poly-Si-capped poly-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ TFTs utilize the excellent interface between oxide and poly-Si interface as well as the higher mobilities of poly-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/. P-channel poly-Si-capped poly-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ TFTs show superior device results compared to similarly-processed poly-Si TFTs.
Recent Trends and Developments in Infrared Heating in Food Processing (2012)

Fruit processing and preservation technologies must keep fresh-like characteristics while providing an acceptable and convenient shelf life as well as assuring safety and nutritional value. Processing technologies include a wide range of methodologies to inactivate microorganisms, improve quality and stability, and preserve and minimize changes of fruit fresh-like characteristics. Infrared (IR) heating offers many advantages over conventional heating under similar conditions, which include reduced heating time, uniform heating, reduced quality losses, versatile, simple and compact equipment, and significant energy saving. The integration of IR with other matured processing operations such as blanching, dehydration, freeze-dehydration, thawing, roasting, baking, cooking has been shown to open up new processing options. Combinations of IR heating with microwave heating and other common conductive and convective modes of heating have been gaining momentum because of increased energy throughput. A number of publications and patents have demonstrated novel and diverse uses of this technology. This review aims at identifying the opportunities and challenges associated with this technology. The effect of IR on food quality attributes is also discussed. The types of equipment commonly used for IR processing have also been summarized.
Amazingly precise optical atomic clocks are more than timekeepers (2018)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Light driven ultrafast electron transfer in oxidative redding of Green Fluorescent Proteins (2013)

Fluorescent proteins undergoing green to red (G/R) photoconversion have proved to be potential tools for investigating dynamic processes in living cells and for photo-localization nanoscopy. However, the photochemical reaction during light induced G/R photoconversion of fluorescent proteins remains unclear. Here we report the direct observation of ultrafast time-resolved electron transfer (ET) during the photoexcitation of the fluorescent proteins EGFP and mEos2 in presence of electron acceptor, p-benzoquinone (BQ). Our results show that in the excited state, the neutral EGFP chromophore accepts electrons from an anionic electron donor, Glu222, and G/R photoconversion is facilitated by ET to nearby electron acceptors. By contrast, mEos2 fails to produce the red emitting state in the presence of BQ; ET depletes the excited state configuration en route to the red-emitting fluorophore. These results show that ultrafast ET plays a pivotal role in multiple photoconversion mechanisms and provide a method to modulate the G/R photoconversion process.
Testing in the Cloud: Exploring the Practice (2011)

As applications and services migrate to the cloud, testing will follow the same trend. Therefore, organizations must understand the dynamics of cloud-based testing. This article presents interviews with eight organizations that use cloud computing. The results suggest that cloud computing can make testing faster and enhance the delivery of testing services. Cloud computing also highlights important aspects of testing that require attention, such as integration and interoperability. This article includes a Web extra that provides additional references for further study.
A novel polyethyleneimine-coated adeno-associated virus-like particle formulation for efficient siRNA delivery in breast cancer therapy: preparation and in vitro analysis (2012)

The present study explores the potential of virus-like particles as a new approach for gene delivery and confirms its potential for breast cancer therapy.
Left internal mammary—left ventricular fistula after vineberg operation (1977)

Abstract This communication presents an unusual complication in a patient who underwent the Vineberg procedure with the formation of an internal mammary to left‐ventricular fistula, which caused a new apical diastolic murmur. This represents a previously unreported etiology for the appearance of an apical blowing diastolic murmur.
Protease inhibitor controls prophenoloxidase activation in <i>Manduca sexta</i> (1986)

Prophenoloxidase from the hemolymph of tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta can be activated by a specific activating enzyme found in the cuticle. Inhibition studies with benzamidine, diisopropyl phosphofluoridate and p-nitrophenyl-p'-guanidinobenzoate indicate that the activating enzyme is a trypsin-like serine protease. An endogenous protease inhibitor, isolated from the hemolymph of Manduca larvae, inhibits the prophenoloxidase activation mediated by this enzyme. These results indicate that the probable physiological role of endogenous protease inhibitor is to control the undesired activation of prophenoloxidase in the hemolymph.
Biology of Laboratory-Reared Corn Aphids, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae)1 (1967)

The corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), was first described as Aphis maidis by Fitch (1856), who found it infesting corn. Since then, its life history has been studied and reported several times under uncontrolled conditions.
Structure and properties of talc‐filled polyethylene and nylon 6 films (1986)

Abstract Water vapor transmission rates can be reduced by as much as 50% in polyethylene by using talc as a filler. The oxygen permeability as well as water vapor transmission rates are similarly reduced by talc in nylon 6 films. The films show low elongation at break and reduced breaking strenth in the presence of talc. The yield strength and the modulus increase with the amount of talc, whereas the elongation at yield decreases. The mechanical and the barrier properties change with the size of the filler, the smaller size being more favorable. Talc probably acts as a nucleating agent and increases the crystallinity in polyethylene and nylon. Polyethylene unit cells in talc‐filled films are oriented with the (110) planes parallel to the (001) planes of talc. Nylon 6 crystals, which are in the α form in the presence of talc, are oriented with the hydrogen bonded sheets, the (002) planes, parallel to the (001) planes of talc. In both polyethylene and nylon 6, talc is oriented with the c‐axis normal to the plane of the film, i.e., with the broad faces of talc flakes in the plane of the film. Lattice matching between the polymer and talc suggests epitaxy to be a contributing factor for the observed orientation of polyethylene and nylon 6 crystals.
Stabilization of olive oil by microwave heating (1997)

Olive fruits of Picual and Shemlalli cultivars were exposed to microwaves generated from an oven at low and moderate power settings for 9 and 12 min. The gross chemical compositions of the non-microwaved and microwaved fruits of both cultivars were determined. In general, the data show that microwave treatment did not cause any change in the fruit components of Picual and Shemlalli cultivars. The stability of extracted olive oil samples from the fruits of both cultivars was followed up by determining the lipase and lipoxygenase activities during storage. The effect of microwave heating on the lipase and lipoxygenase activities of olive oil samples was dependent upon the oven power level, the moderate power setting of the microwave oven produced the least free fatty acid and hydroperoxide contents respectively. The results demonstrated that microwave treatment obviously decreased the enzyme activities during storage and consequently increased the stability of olive oil.