gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of murine chronic colitis by CD4+CD25- programmed death-1+ T cells (2005)

Naturally arising CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (T(R)) cells are engaged in the maintenance of self tolerance and prevention of autoimmune diseases. However, accumulating evidence suggests that a fraction of peripheral CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells also possesses regulatory activity. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a new member of the CD28/CTLA-4 family, which has been implicated in the maintenance of peripheral self tolerance. Here, we identified a subpopulation of CD4(+)CD25(-)PD-1(+) T cells in the spleen of naive mice that constitutively expressed CTLA-4 and FoxP3 and was hypoproliferative in response to anti-CD3 antibody stimulation in vitro. However, the CD4(+)CD25(-)PD-1(+) T cells uniquely produced large amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 in response to anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAb stimulation, unlike the CD4(+)CD25(+) T(R) cells. The CD4(+)CD25(-)PD-1(+) T cells exhibited a suppressor activity against the proliferation of anti-CD3 antibody-stimulated CD4(+)CD25(-)PD-1(-) T cells in vitro, which was partially abrogated by anti-CTLA-4 mAb, but not by anti-IL-10 or anti-PD-1 mAb. Remarkably, the CD4(+)CD25(-)PD-1(+) T cells inhibited the development of colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells into C.B17-scid/scid mice, albeit to a lesser extent than CD4(+)CD25(+) T(R) cells, in a CTLA-4-dependent manner. These results indicate that the CD4(+)CD25(-)PD-1(+) T cells contain substantial amounts of T(R) cells that are involved in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance.
A Minimum Relative Entropy Principle for Learning and Acting (2010)

This paper proposes a method to construct an adaptive agent that is universal with respect to a given class of experts, where each expert is designed specifically for a particular environment. This adaptive control problem is formalized as the problem of minimizing the relative entropy of the adaptive agent from the expert that is most suitable for the unknown environment. If the agent is a passive observer, then the optimal solution is the well-known Bayesian predictor. However, if the agent is active, then its past actions need to be treated as causal interventions on the I/O stream rather than normal probability conditions. Here it is shown that the solution to this new variational problem is given by a stochastic controller called the Bayesian control rule, which implements adaptive behavior as a mixture of experts. Furthermore, it is shown that under mild assumptions, the Bayesian control rule converges to the control law of the most suitable expert.
Potency Trends of Δ<sup>9</sup>‐THC and Other Cannabinoids in Confiscated Cannabis Preparations from 1993 to 2008* (2010)

The University of Mississippi has a contract with the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) to carry out a variety of research activities dealing with cannabis, including the Potency Monitoring (PM) program, which provides analytical potency data on cannabis preparations confiscated in the United States. This report provides data on 46,211 samples seized and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) during 1993-2008. The data showed an upward trend in the mean Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC) content of all confiscated cannabis preparations, which increased from 3.4% in 1993 to 8.8% in 2008. Hashish potencies did not increase consistently during this period; however, the mean yearly potency varied from 2.5-9.2% (1993-2003) to 12.0-29.3% (2004-2008). Hash oil potencies also varied considerably during this period (16.8 ± 16.3%). The increase in cannabis preparation potency is mainly due to the increase in the potency of nondomestic versus domestic samples.
On robust dirty paper coding (2008)

A dirty paper channel is considered, where the transmitter knows the interference sequence up to a constant multiplicative factor, known only to the receiver. We derive lower bounds on the achievable rate of communication by proposing a coding scheme that partially compensates for the imprecise channel knowledge.We focus on a communication scenario where the Gaussian noise is small while the interference is strong. Our approach is based on analyzing the performance achievable using extended Tomlinson-Harashima like coding schemes. When the power of the interference is finite, we show that this may be achieved by a judicious choice of the scaling parameter at the receiver. We further show that the communication rate may be improved, for finite as well as infinite interference power, by allowing randomized scaling at the transmitter.
An Outbreak of Bacterial Speck Caused by <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> on Tomato Transplants Grown in Commercial Seedling Companies Located in the Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey (2004)

A serious outbreak of a leaf spot disease was observed on tomato transplants grown in commercial seedling companies in southwestern Turkey (Antalya) during the springs of 2002 and 2003. Disease incidence was more severe in the western Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Occurrence of the outbreak resulted in approximately 20 and 25% seedling losses in the springs of 2002 and 2003, respectively. The initial symptoms consisted of pronounced water-soaked, dark brown-to-black spots on young expanding leaves that were 1 to 2 mm in diameter. Later, a number of leaf spots on older leaves enlarged and coalesced, causing leaf desiccation and finally, seedling death. In addition, in 2003 the disease incidence was approximately 5% in 142 commercial greenhouses. Tomato production was unaffected since significant outbreaks did not occur on greenhouse plants. No fruit symptoms were observed. Twenty-six strains were isolated from diseased tomato seedlings and plants from different greenhouses located in different places and all were gram negative and fluorescent on King's B medium. All strains were levan and gelatin liquefaction positive and oxidase and arginine dihydrolase negative. None of the 26 strains utilized erythritol and l-lactate as the sole carbon source (1,2). Fatty acid analysis identified the strains as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato with similarity indices ranging from 0.876 to 0.932%. Pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed on 4-week-old tomato seedlings (cv. Biotek Selin) sprayed with the bacterial suspensions containing 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/ml of sterile water. Later, a number of leaf spots on the leaves enlarged and coalesced, causing leaf desiccation. Inoculated and control tomato seedlings were covered with polyethylene bags and placed in a growth chamber at 25°C for 48 h and then the bags were removed. Small (1 to 2 mm), water-soaked, dark brown-to-black spots similar to those observed in the greenhouses of commercial seedling companies and commercial greenhouses that produce tomato developed on the young expanding leaves of inoculated plants within 7 to 10 days. No symptoms developed on control plants. The bacterium was reisolated from inoculated plants and identified as a strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Koch's postulates were fulfilled. To our knowledge, this is the first report for the occurrence and outbreak of the bacterial speck disease on tomato transplants in greenhouses of commercial tomato seedling production companies in Turkey. References: (1) D. C. Hildebrand et al. Pages 60-80 in: Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. N. D. Schaad, ed. The American Phytopathological Society, 1988. (2) J. B. Jones et al. Plant Dis. 70:151, 1986.
Robustified Force and Collision Control for Robot Manipulator. (1993)

It is important that we control a robot manipulator considering contact with an object . In force control we have two difficulties caused by (1) environmental parameter change and (2) large contact force at collision. The collision always happens in a short transient period from trajectory control to force control.
Control of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Metabolism by Parathyroid Glands (1972)

Thyroparathyroidectomy of rats on a diet low in calcium reduces production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol from 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to negligible levels within 40 hr, and increases production of another metabolite, called Va. Parathyroid extract, at a dose of 20 units per day, prevents these changes. When 40 units per day of parathyroid extract is given 48 hr after thyroparathyroidectomy, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol production is restored almost to control levels within 36 hr. The change brought about by parathyroid extract cannot be attributed to resulting changes in serum calcium or phosphorus concentration. It appears that the parathyroid hormone serves as a tropin for production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, the hormonal form of vitamin D responsible for calcium mobilization from intestinal contents and bone.
Tracing multipath TCP connections (2014)

Multipath TCP is a new extension to TCP that enables a host to transmit the packets from a given connection by using several interfaces. We propose mptcptrace, a software that enables a detailed analysis of Multipath TCP packet traces.
Nuclear radiation analysis for TFTR (1980)

A multi-dimensional analysis of the radiation problems was performed for TFTR using the system established at PPPL. Simple, clean geometries were first used to establish the expected reference level. Different calculational models were compared. The characteristics of streaming and activation were then studied. It is shown that the objectives set forth for the TFTR shielding design are not entirely satisfied, based on our calculation. Using the results of this study as a baseline, a review of the shielding for TFTR and its upgrade, TFM, has been initiated with the objective of a shielding design modified to satisfy both modes of operation.
Simple, analytical criteria for the sequencing of distillation columns (1985)

Abstract A quantitative criterion for the selection of simple distillation sequences is derived for ideal mixtures. A simple cost model, along with a short‐cut solution of Underwood's equations, gives an analytical form for the total vapor rate, which is the key design variable. The results for column sequencing that are based on the analytical criterion agree well with more exact solutions, but they indicate that in numerous situations the commonly accepted heuristics are incorrect.
Effect of 5-lipoxygenase inhibition on events associated with inflammatory bowel disease in rats. (2004)

Leukotrienes play a part in inflammatory response. The unique role of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in the production of leukotrienes makes it a likely therapeutic target for inflammatory conditions like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of zileuton, an orally active selective 5-LOX inhibitor against the events associated with dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis in a rat model of IBD. The animals were administered simultaneously zileuton (100mg/kg) or sulphasalazine (100mg/kg) orally for 7 days. On day eight, rats were sacrificed, and distal colon isolated to determine myeloperoxidase activity, in vivo superoxide dismutase activity, prostaglandin E2 levels and histological examination. Both zileuton and sulphasalazine significantly prevented the development of inflammatory events associated with colitis. The effect of zileuton was more pronounced towards reducing myeloperoxidase activity and increasing PGE2 levels in distal colon. The results show that chemotactic leukotrienes are responsible for inflammatory surge in damaged colon and, zileuton, significantly improved healing by inhibition of neutrophil recruitment and indirectly through increase in prostaglandins at the site of inflammation. It is suggested that inhibitors of 5-LOX enzyme may have useful therapeutic role in the treatment of chronic intestinal inflammation.
Generation and administration of HA-1-specific T-cell lines for the treatment of patients with relapsed leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a pilot study (2012)

Since HA-1-specific T cells have been shown to make a significant contribution to the clinical responses in patients with relapsed leukemia, we investigated the feasibility of adoptive transfer of in vitro induced HA-1-specific CD8 positive T cells to patients with relapsed leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The in vitro generation of clinical grade HA-1-specific T-cell lines from HA-1 negative donors was seen to be feasible and 3 patients were treated with HA-1-specific T-cell lines. No toxicity after infusion was observed. Although in one patient, during a period of stable disease, HA-1-specific T cells could be detected in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, these patients had no clear clinical response.
Feline immunodeficiency virus predisposes cats to acute generalized toxoplasmosis. (1993)

This study was designed to examine the effects of a pre-existing, clinically asymptomatic feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection on a primary challenge with Toxoplasma gondii. Parenteral challenge of FIV-infected cats with tachyzoites of the ME49 strain of T. gondii caused a precipitous drop in all lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+, and B cells) and generalized severe toxoplasmosis. The predominant postmortem lesions included acute and often fatal interstitial pneumonia, dominated histologically by macrophages, and multifocal to coalescing hepatic necrosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed numerous T. gondii antigen and tachyzoites in macrophages and other cell types in the lung lesions. The proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to specific (T. gondii antigen) and nonspecific (Concanavalin A) mitogens was defective in the dually infected cats, suggesting marked immunosuppression. In contrast to the dually infected cats, cats infected only with T. gondii developed a transient, mild clinical disease characterized by anorexia, lethargy, and multifocal chorioretinitis. Lymphocyte changes in T. gondii-infected cats included an early pan-lymphopenia followed by reestablishment of all lymphocyte subset profiles. These cats also showed a reduced proliferative response to Concanavalin A at 1 week after challenge, but a measurable in vivo response to T. gondii antigens, as evidenced by in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in the absence of a mitogenic stimulus. These results show that infection of cats with FIV-NCSU, markedly enhances their susceptibility to a primary T. gondii infection and provides a model to study the mechanisms of the underlying immunological defect(s) occurring early after HIV infection that may predispose individuals to development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and associated diseases.
An evaluation of travel time on urban road network (2011)

There is an increasing demand for the accurate travel time, however the inadequacy of traditional travel time is highlighted on urban streets relative to freeways. In this paper, the travel time on urban road network, of which the traffic lights result in much random control delay times, is divided into two components: link valid travel time (LVTT) and intersection delay time (IDT). What is more, aimed to the existing problems of the traditional signal control delay model, an optimized signal control delay model was proposed to calculate the IDT accurately. Besides, a link merger algorithm is developed to increase the reliability of the travel time estimation. All the work in this paper is evaluated using real FCD of Beijing and Shanghai. The contrast experiments indicate that the expression of urban streets travel time proposed in this paper is very suitable. Besides the optimized model and link merger algorithm have achieved great effect. It is also shown the reliability of OD (Origin-Destination) travel time has been greatly improved, which can boost the application of the dynamic route guidance system as well as pretty much to reduce the congestion in the urban road network.
Effect of Electrochemical Factors on Formation and Reduction of Silver Oxides (2013)

Polarization of silver in NaOH solution with various electrochemical parameters was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscope. The resulting cyclic voltammograms reveal that the observed midpoint potential and current density of the peaks during the anodic scan and the reversed scan can be shifted significantly depending on scan rate and NaOH concentration. The shapes of the peaks in the first cycle were different from the other cycles of silver’ cyclic voltammetry. The peaks were barely dependent of scan rate since the second cycle. Two layers of Ag2O, which owed to the formation of dual anodic peaks of Ag2O, appeared during the anodic scan of silver’ cyclic voltammetry. Two secondary anodic peaks were formed if the scan rate was no less than 20 mV/s and NaOH concentration was no less than 0.5 mol·L-1 The trenched images by focus ion beam system explored that the depth of the polarized silver was approximately 810 nm after three cycles with a scan rate of 10 mV/s in 1 mol·L-1 NaOH solution. The images of the polarized silver clarified the formation and shifts of the peaks in silver’s cyclic voltammetry.
Sexual dysfunction resulting from drug side effects (1974)

Abstract Some sexual dysfunctioning may be due to a drug side effect. This paper cites 118 brand name drugs that have sexual side effects. These drugs (primarily psychotropic) are presented in chart form for easy reference. In Section I, drugs are listed alphabetically by brand name, along with the sexual side effect(s), and possible medical use. Section II, lists alphabetically, the generic and chemical names of the brand name drugs found in Section I. This provides a listing of all brand name drugs having the same basic chemical components.
Report on Chemical Methods for Reducing Sugars (1929)

Journal Article Report on Chemical Methods for Reducing Sugars Get access R F Jackson R F Jackson Associate Referee Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 12, Issue 2, 15 May 1929, Pages 166–169, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/12.2.166 Published: 24 February 2020
Biological Activity of Some 6 -Fluoro and 16 -Methyl C-21 Steroids. (1960)

The anti-inflammatory, liver glycogenic, and sodium retaining activities of a series of 6α-fluoro and 16α-methyl steroids and their parent compounds were determined. The 6α-fluoro substitution increased liver glycogenic activity in all compounds studied, and anti-inflammatory potency in all but one of compounds. This modification also produced variable effects on sodium retention. The 16α-methyl group did not consistently increase liver glycogenic or anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium retention effect of the corticoids was not increased by 16-methylation if parent compound did not possess mineralo-corticoid activity. In examples where parent steroid was a sodium retainer, addition of 16α-methyl group caused reduction of this activity.
Association of age and macular pigment optical density using dual-wavelength autofluorescence imaging (2013)

In healthy subjects, MPOD values were highest near the foveal center. These values appeared to increase during adulthood (peak at 45-50 years), followed by a gradual reduction after 60 years of age.
Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2002)

Learning Objectives: After reading this article, the participant should be able to: Describe various intraoperative MRI technologies.Recall the clinical applications of intraoperative MRI.Describe the impact of intraoperative MRI on operating room design and equipment.
WSQ/DSQ (2000)

We present WSQ/DSQ (pronounced “wisk-disk”), a new approach for combining the query facilities of traditional databases with existing search engines on the Web. WSQ, for Web-Supported (Database) Queries , leverages results from Web searches to enhance SQL queries over a relational database. DSQ, for Database-Supported (Web) Queries , uses information stored in the database to enhance and explain Web searches. This paper focuses primarily on WSQ, describing a simple, low-overhead way to support WSQ in a relational DBMS, and demonstrating the utility of WSQ with a number of interesting queries and results. The queries supported by WSQ are enabled by two virtual tables , whose tuples represent Web search results generated dynamically during query execution. WSQ query execution may involve many high-latency calls to one or more search engines, during which the query processor is idle. We present a lightweight technique called asynchronous iteration that can be integrated easily into a standard sequential query processor to enable concurrency between query processing and multiple Web search requests. Asynchronous iteration has broader applications than WSQ alone, and it opens up many interesting query optimization issues. We have developed a prototype implementation of WSQ by extending a DBMS with virtual tables and asynchronous iteration; performance results are reported.
Effects of IFN on human eosinophils in comparison with other cytokines. A novel class of eosinophil activators with delayed onset of action. (1990)

Extracellular killing is regarded as one of the main functions of eosinophils. Therefore, a cytotoxicity assay against antibody-coated Daudi-lymphoma cells was established to measure cytokine effects on peripheral blood eosinophils from healthy volunteers. Optimal time of exposure to cytokines and half optimal concentrations (EC50) were determined and the capability of various cytokines to enhance cytotoxicity of eosinophils was compared. Thus, after 24 h with cytokine, the highest activation of eosinophils was observed with recombinant human rhIFN-gamma (EC50 = 0.2 U/ml), followed by the known activators of eosinophils recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage CSF (rhGM-CSF), rhIL-3, and murine IL-5 (mIL-5). rhIFN-alpha and natural human IFN-beta (nhIFN-beta) enhanced cytotoxicity as well. On the other hand, in short term assays, eosinophils were not stimulated by IFN and the strongest stimulator was rhGM-CSF (EC50 = 0.2 U/ml), followed by rhIL-3, mIL-5, rhTNF, and rhIL-4. With rhTNF-alpha enhancement was more pronounced on freshly isolated eosinophils (EC50 = 0.6 U/ml) and declined with time. No significant stimulation was detected with rhG-CSF, rhIL-1 beta, rhIL-2, rhIL-6, and rhIL-8. On neutrophils, rhIL-8 enhanced cytotoxicity, but the stimulation was weak in relation to other neutrophil activators. Studies on the mechanism of cytotoxic activity revealed that cytotoxicity required opsonization of targets with specific antibody. FMF analysis was performed demonstrating that freshly isolated eosinophils express Fc-gamma RII (CD32), small amounts of Fc-gamma RIII (CD16), but not Fc-gamma RI (CD64). In experiments with blocking antibodies to Fc-gamma R cytotoxicity was restricted to Fc-gamma RII. Expression of Fc-gamma RII was not enhanced by rhGM-CSF, rhTNF-alpha, and mIL-5, but a significant increase in the number of positive cells was observed after incubation with rhIFN-gamma for 24 h (p less than 0.05). In addition, enhanced viability of eosinophils was observed when cultured in the presence of rhIFN-gamma, rhIFN-alpha, rhGM-CSF, and rhTNF-alpha, but not of rhG-CSF and rhIL-2. Thus, IFN appear to be another class of activators of eosinophils, characterized by their delayed type of action.