gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular Hg⋯π interactions of d-character with non-bridging atoms in mercury–aryl complexes (2016)

Mercury 5d-orbitals are involved in intramolecular π-interactions with carbon and sulfur nearest and next-nearest neighbors in mercury-aryl complexes. This unexpected character of the electron cloud of mercury was revealed by high energy-resolution XANES spectroscopy readily interpreted in terms of a final-state local (l,m)-projected density of states (DOS).
Objects and spaces (2006)

Law's article begins by restating the classical ANT position that objects do not exist `in themselves' but are the effect of a performative stabilization of relational networks. In addition, these material enactments inevitably have a spatial dimension; they simultaneously establish spatial conditions for objectual identity, continuity, and difference. Space must not be reified as a natural, pre-existing container of the social and the material, but is itself a performance. Moreover, there are multiple forms of spatiality beyond the Euclidean space of regions (e.g. networks and fluids), and objects may exist and achieve homeomorphism within several different spatial systems. Technologies such as the Zimbabwe Bush Pump present a fluid object which is able to exist and cohere without the presence of fixed boundaries or the permanence of a particular functional definition. The network logic, however, which gravitates towards stability and functionality, tends to exclude and silence this spatial Other. An alternative political ontology is needed which goes beyond the reification of network space in order to give voice to the fluid objects which escape its unidimensional functionality.
Front Matter (2013)

No AccessJun 2013Front MatterAuthors/Editors: Amer Hasan, Marilou Hyson, Mae Chu ChangAmer Hasan, Marilou Hyson, Mae Chu Changhttps://doi.org/10.1596/9780821398364_FMAboutView ChaptersPDF (1.4 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Next chapter FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetails View Published: June 2013ISBN: 978-0-8213-9836-4e-ISBN: 978-0-8213-9900-2 Copyright & Permissions PDF DownloadLoading ...
Development of Giant Magnetoresistive inspection system for detection of deep fatigue cracks under airframe fasteners (2002)

A redesign of the NASA Langley Research Center developed Giant Magnetoresistive-based Rotating Probe System has been performed based upon experimental and finite element analyses. The resulting probe footprint has been greatly reduced without significantly affecting the depth of detection of the device. Electronics for the probe drive and signal detection circuitry have also been updated. The new electronics deliver variable phase outputs for drive and feedback signals and produces high gain at flaw detection frequencies. The complete system configuration is presented, along with results for the detection of fatigue cracks in sub-layer airframe components.
Reversible photoinduced modifications of polymers doped with photochromes: Anisotropy, photo-assisted poling and surface gratings (1998)

Abstract In this paper, different optical methods which lead to orientation or translation of several photochromes in polymer matrices are discussed. These methods lead to dichroic or birefringent, or nonlinear optically active materials or to stable surface gratings. They have mainly been demonstrated for azobenzene-type photochromes, but some of these effects also occur for other kinds of photochromes like spiropyrans, fulgides or diarylethenes. Key Words: photochromesbirefringencephotoassisted polingphotoswitching of NLO propertiessurface gratingsazobenzenespiropyransfulgidesdiarylethenes.
Increasing the Energy Yield of CPV Modules through Optimized Solar Cell Interconnection (2011)

In this paper, solar cell interconnection schemes within FLATCON® CPV modules are investigated in the context of the deviations in current generation between the individual triple‐junction cells. For that reason a temperature dependent SPICE network model is developed. A broad parameter identification was carried out. The dark saturation currents of the three subcells are derived from dark IV measurements performed at various temperatures on top and middle component cells as well as lattice matched triple‐junction cells. The dependency of short circuit current on temperature was measured with a flash simulator. The ratio of current generation of middle to top cell is calculated with EQE measured at different temperature and the spectrum of the flash simulator as well as the spectrum AM1.5d ASTM. Furthermore, a validation of the developed network model is shown. A good agreement between measurement and simulation is presented for different interconnection schemes. As an application of the model, randomly normal distributed deviations in current generation between the cells within a module are used to determine the difference in mean power output of interconnection schemes. A standard deviation in current generation of 5% leads to a 5% lower mean power output if all cells are connected in series compared to the case that all cells are connected in parallel.
Measurement of permittivity by means of an open resonator. I. Theoretical (1982)

Abstract The objective of this paper is to provide a reliable theoretical foundation for the open-resonator method of measuring permittivity and loss-tangent of dielectric materials. From an exact solution of Maxwell’s equations obtained by means of the complex-source-point method, simplified formulae for the six Cartesian components of the electromagnetic field are obtained. These are then used in a variational formula to obtain an accurate formula for the resonant frequency of an open resonator with spherical mirrors (of equal radius of curvature) having a parallel-plane slab of dielectric material located centrally between the two mirrors. It is assumed that the mirrors are sufficiently large for diffraction effects to be negligible. In the following companion paper II, experimental results are presented which verify the accuracy, within the usual limits of practical measurement, of the simple correction formulae deduced here.
DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING IN STRUCTURAL (2013)

This paper deals with substantiation of dynamic programming method for a structural and parametric optimization problem with floating switching points.
The effects of remote work on collaboration among information workers (2022)

Brief summary: This study analysed a large database of emails, calendars, instant messages, video/audio calls and workweek hours routinely generated by 61 182 US Microsoft employees in the months before and after 4th March 2020, when the company mandated that all non-essential employees change to full-time working from home (WFH). Remote working led to more 'siloed' work groups, fewer phone calls but more e-mails.
Temporal Tessellation: A Unified Approach for Video Analysis (2017)

We present a general approach to video understanding, inspired by semantic transfer techniques that have been successfully used for 2D image analysis. Our method considers a video to be a 1D sequence of clips, each one associated with its own semantics. The nature of these semantics - natural language captions or other labels - depends on the task at hand. A test video is processed by forming correspondences between its clips and the clips of reference videos with known semantics, following which, reference semantics can be transferred to the test video. We describe two matching methods, both designed to ensure that (a) reference clips appear similar to test clips and (b), taken together, the semantics of the selected reference clips is consistent and maintains temporal coherence. We use our method for video captioning on the LSMDC'16 benchmark, video summarization on the SumMe and TV-Sum benchmarks, Temporal Action Detection on the Thumos2014 benchmark, and sound prediction on the Greatest Hits benchmark. Our method not only surpasses the state of the art, in four out of five benchmarks, but importantly, it is the only single method we know of that was successfully applied to such a diverse range of tasks.
An ASIC for multi-energy x-ray counting (2008)

We have developed a new application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for the readout of pixellated CdTe radiation sensors. The ASIC can be connected to 64 sensor pixels and can deliver up to 6-bin energy spectra. The ASIC is useful for new x-ray imaging applications with multi-bin energy resolved photon counting. The ASIC has 64 channels each containing a charge sensitive amplifier, up to 6 discriminators and 6 counters which increment when the amplitude exceeds a given threshold. The ASIC has been manufactured and tested with CdTe radiation sensors. The linear dynamic range is 4.3 fC corresponding to 122 keV in CdTe. At 50-ns shaping time the amplifier has an equivalent noise charge (ENC) of 105 e + 40 e/pF. The average ENC is 505 e rms when the ASIC is connected to CdTe pixels of 10-pF capacitance and 5-nA leakage current. This article describes the functionality of the ASIC and its performance with CdTe. We present x-ray shadow images from objects acquired with a CdTe linear array as well as energy spectra.
Sea Anemone Genome Reveals Ancestral Eumetazoan Gene Repertoire and Genomic Organization (2007)

Sea anemones are seemingly primitive animals that, along with corals, jellyfish, and hydras, constitute the oldest eumetazoan phylum, the Cnidaria. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the draft genome of an emerging cnidarian model, the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. The sea anemone genome is complex, with a gene repertoire, exon-intron structure, and large-scale gene linkage more similar to vertebrates than to flies or nematodes, implying that the genome of the eumetazoan ancestor was similarly complex. Nearly one-fifth of the inferred genes of the ancestor are eumetazoan novelties, which are enriched for animal functions like cell signaling, adhesion, and synaptic transmission. Analysis of diverse pathways suggests that these gene "inventions" along the lineage leading to animals were likely already well integrated with preexisting eukaryotic genes in the eumetazoan progenitor.
Agile and compact near-field analyses of onboard Bluetooth module by live electrooptic imaging (2016)

Potentially prompt and compact method for near-field analyses both in the real and wavenumber spaces have been applied successfully to RF emissions from a commercially available onboard Bluetooth module. The new method is based on real-time images of near electric field, acquired and displayed by the live electrooptic imaging technique in the asynchronous operation mode. Such near-field features of the module have been clarified as precise location of emission origin, geometries of wave fronts, distribution of wave-vectors, and angular dependence of emission power.
Basic Principles of MPC for Power Converters: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice (2015)

This article presents the basic principles of operation for model predictive control (MPC), a control methodology that opens a new world of opportunities. MPC is a powerful technique that can fulfill the increased performance and higher efficiency demands of power converters today. The main features of this technique are presented as well as the MPC strategy and basic elements. The two main MPC methods for power converters [continuous-control-set MPC (CCS-MPC) and finite-control-set MPC (FCS-MPC)] are described, and their application to a voltage-source inverter (VSI) is shown to illustrate their capabilities. This article tries to bridge the gap between the powerful but sometimes abstract techniques developed by researchers in the control community and the empirical approach of power electronics practitioners.
Effect of Sodium Valproate on Ouabain-Induced Arrhythmia in Isolated Guinea-Pig Atria (2007)

Sodium valproate (SV), an antiepileptic drug has several mechanism of action. It inhibits voltage-sensitive Na + channels and reduces intracellular Na + accumulation. These actions are similar to that of both phenytoin and carbamazepine. We have investigated the direct cardiac action of SV and its effects on ouabaininduced arrhythmia in isolated guinea-pig atria. The guinea-pig atrium was dissected out and suspended in modified Krebs solution under physiologic conditions. Drug was added into the solution. The changes in rate and contractions were measured using a physiograph. SV (100-300 µg/ml) caused a dosedependent decrease in contractile force of isolated guinea-pig atria (9-120%, p<0.001), but no change on the rate of contractions. Ouabain alone (1.2 µg/ml) produced arrhythmia at 10 min and asystole at 21 min. Pretreatment with SV (200 µg/ml) significantly increased time of onset of arrhythmia to 29 min and asystole to more than 38 min. SV may have a direct cardiac effect to reduce the membrane conductance through ion channels which may decrease ouabain toxicity in isolated guinea-pig atria.
On-Chip Measurement of Rise/Fall Gate Delay Using Reconfigurable Ring Oscillator (2014)

In this brief, a new technique to measure the on-chip rise/fall delay of an individual gate is presented. In the proposed technique, the rise/fall gate delay is measured using the duty cycle of a reconfigurable ring oscillator (RRO). A set of linear equations is formed with the different configuration settings of the RRO, relating the rise/fall delay of all the gates in the path of the RRO to the positive/negative duty cycle of the undivided RRO. The high-frequency undivided RRO signal is needed for this type of measurement as it preserves the rise/fall delay of an individual gate. However, it is difficult to bring the high-frequency undivided RRO signal outside the chip due to the frequency limitation of the output pad. The high-frequency RRO signal is subsampled by a clock that is generated from an on-chip phase-locked loop to make it low frequency. The rise and fall delays of an individual gate can be calculated from the difference of the duty cycle of the subsampled RRO signal at two different configurations of the RRO. The proposed concept is validated in a test chip that is fabricated in an industrial 65-nm technology node.
Time of day modulates low‐temperature Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals in Arabidopsis (2006)

We tested the hypothesis that the circadian clock modulates Ca(2+)-based signalling pathways, using low-temperature (LT)-induced Ca(2+) signals. We investigated the relationship between diurnal and circadian modulation of LT-induced increases in cytosolic-free calcium ([Ca(2+)](cyt)), and regulation of [Ca(2+)](cyt)-dependent outputs of the LT-signalling network (RD29A transcript abundance and stomatal closure). We measured [Ca(2+)](cyt) non-invasively using aequorin, and targeted aequorin to the guard cell using a guard cell-specific GAL4-green fluorescent protein enhancer trap line. LT caused transient increases in whole plant and guard cell [Ca(2+)](cyt). In guard cells, the LT-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation preceded stomatal closure. In whole plants, the magnitude of LT-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) transients, measured from the entire plant or specifically the guard cell, varied with the time of day: LT-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) transients were significantly higher during the mid-photoperiod than at the beginning or end. Diurnal variation in LT-induced guard cell [Ca(2+)](cyt) increases was not correlated to diurnal variation in LT-induced stomatal closure. There was circadian modulation of LT-induced whole plant [Ca(2+)](cyt) increases, which were correlated to the circadian pattern of RD29A induction. In order to understand the significance of LT-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) increases, we used a computer simulation to demonstrate that, in guard cells, LT-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) increases measured from a population of cells are likely to represent the summation of cold-induced single-cell [Ca(2+)](cyt) oscillations.
Dystrophin expression improves myofiber survival in <i>mdx</i> muscle following intramuscular plasmid DNA injection (1993)

Expression of Becker-like and full-length human dystrophins was stable for at least 6 months in mdx mouse muscle following intramuscular plasmid DNA injection. Intramuscular injection of a single plasmid DNA encoding both luciferase and dystrophin resulted in stable luciferase expression for at least 2 months in mdx muscle, whereas injection of plasmid DNA encoding only luciferase did not result in stable luciferase expression. These results suggest that expression of either full-length or Becker-like dystrophins protects mdx mouse myofibers from degeneration.
Protein quality in Mirasol pathogen reduction technology–treated, apheresis‐derived fresh‐frozen plasma (2009)

The results from this study demonstrate that coagulant and anticoagulant proteins in riboflavin and UV light-treated (PRT) apheresis plasma are well preserved.
New infrared detector on a silicon chip (1984)

We report a single-crystal Si-Ge structure which works as an efficient photodetector in the wavelength region of up to 1.5 µm. The multilevel structure is grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on an n-type 3-in silicon substrate and consists of the following layers: n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> silicon (1000 Å), n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1 - x</inf> alloy (1800 Å, graded in ten steps from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x = 0</tex> to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x = 1</tex> ), n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> germanium (1.25 µm), undoped germanium (2.0 µm), and p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> germanium (2500 Å). Top three layers form a germanium p-i-n diode, which is removed from the Ge-Si interface by a buffer layer of high conductivity. An advantage of this structure is that its performance is insensitive to material defects in the buffer layers. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy shows that the density of dislocations introduced by lattice mismatch at the Ge-Si interface falls off with the separation from the interface. Our first experimental structures do exhibit the characteristics of a germanium p-i-n diode. The spectral response curves agree with those given in the literature for germanium, both at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. For the incident light wavelength of 1.45 µm we have measured a quantum efficiency of 41 percent at T = 300 K. we believe that our approach opens an attractive possibility of fabricating complete infrared optoelectronic systems on a silicon chip.
An Advanced Technique for Detecting Inter-Laminar Stator Core Faults in Large Electric Machines (2005)

An advanced technique for detecting incipient inter-laminar insulation failure in stator cores of large electric machines is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme is an offline method based on low flux stator core excitation that employs a new probe. An iron-core probe is placed in the wedge depression area of the stator and scanned axially to detect the variation in the measured flux due to a fault. Two fault indicators that provide clear indication on fault severity and location are proposed in this paper. A 120-MW ac machine stator was tested under a number of intentionally inserted fault conditions using portable field equipment recently developed. The experimental results show that the fault existence, location, and severity can be determined reliably using the proposed scheme. It is also shown that the fault detection sensitivity and reliability, inspection speed, and user convenience are significantly enhanced.
Optimal multiuser spectrum management for digital subscriber lines (2004)

Crosstalk is a major issue in modern DSL systems such as ADSL and VDSL. Static spectrum management, the traditional way of ensuring spectral compatibility, employs spectral masks which can be overly conservative and lead to poor performance. In this paper we present a centralized algorithm for optimal spectrum management (OSM) in DSL. The algorithm uses a dual decomposition to solve the spectrum management problem in an efficient and computationally tractable way. The algorithm shows significant performance gains over existing DSM techniques, e.g. in a downstream ADSL scenario the centralized OSM algorithm can outperform a distributed DSM algorithm such as iterative waterfilling by up to 135%.
Operation conditions of a phase Doppler anemometer: droplet size measurements with laser beam power, photomultiplier voltage, signal gain and signal-to-noise ratio as parameters (2005)

The influence of operational parameters of a phase Doppler anemometer measuring droplet size has been determined using water droplets produced by a nebulizer. The following parameters have been varied: the beam power (4–30 mW), the photomultiplier amplification voltage (700–1200 V), the signal gain (4–24 dB) and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (−6 to 4 dB). It is found that the apparent count mean droplet diameter <em>D</em>(1, 0) decreases, then reaches a constant asymptotic value as the beam power, the photomultiplier amplification voltage and the signal gain are increased, respectively. For further measurements, the operational parameters have to be chosen in the asymptotic range where the measured quantities do not vary significantly. The SNR has only a small effect on the results.
Winter microseisms (1946)

Barometric lows over large bodies of water produce the maximum microseisms which decrease with increase in distance from the storm area. Tropical hurricanes, as well as winter storms, may be roughly traced by changes in amplitudes as the storms approach the stations in their paths. Geological units seem to have considerable influence on microseismic amplitudes. Local barometric pressure changes have no influence on the microseisms of nearby stations. Storms over land which seldom have deep lows do not produce appreciable microseisms on ordinary teleseismic records. Although such records yield valuable information on microseisms, they are not adequate for a complete study of these phenomena.
The role of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV in cancer (2007)

CD26/DPPIV is a multifunctional cell surface protein that is widely expressed in most cell types including T lymphocytes, on which it is a marker of activation. It is also present in serum and other body fluids in a truncated form (sCD26/DPPIV). It preferentially cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides with proline or alanine in the penultimate position, and in doing so, regulates the activities of a number of cytokines and chemokines. Due in part to this ability to regulate the activity of biopeptides, it can act as a tumor suppressor or activator. It can associate with several proteins, among them fibroblast activating protein-alpha (FAP-alpha), plasminogen, adenosine deaminase (ADA), the tyrosine phosphatase CD45, and the chemokine receptor CXCR4. It can also bind to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and depending on the presence of other ligands, this process can either lead to increased or decreased invasive activity of the cells on which it is expressed. As a result of these characteristics, CD26/DPPIV plays an important role in tumor biology, and is useful as a marker for various cancers, with its levels either on the cell surface or in the serum being increased in some neoplasms and decreased in others. Our group has shown that CD26/DPPIV can be manipulated by such agents as CD26 cDNA-carrying plasmids, siRNA and monoclonal antibodies, resulting in both in vitro and in vivo inhibition of cell growth, enhanced sensitivity to selected chemotherapeutic agents, and enhanced survival of mouse xenograft models. These studies have demonstrated the utility of these tools as potential targeted therapies for specific cancers expressing CD26/DPPIV.