gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enterprise Assets Security Requirements Construction from ESRMG Grammar based on Security Patterns (2007)

One of the highest priorities of system requirements needed in software development industry is security requirements. However, to identify the complete and correct software security requirements are a challenging task especially creating enterprise assets security requirements. Enterprise assets security requirements are to identify security basic needs, to assess risks, to establish security approach and service, and to specify external enterprise consideration including confidentiality, integrity, availability, and accountability concerns. Moreover, these may be applied to other security requirements such as identification and authentication, access control, firewall architecture, etc. Security patterns may be used to create this security requirements but understanding, analyzing and transforming from security patterns to security requirements are difficult to accomplish. We proposed a grammar, called ESRMG (enterprise security and risk management grammar), and a prototyping tool based on security patterns in a scope of enterprise asset identification and risk managements which are the fundamental of enterprise security requirements. The proposed grammar and tool are beneficial for any organization to construct enterprise security requirements and may help reduce cost and time in overall of system development.
AN IMPEDANCE RESPIROMETER (1963)

Abstract : When a low-intensity, HF (20-60 kc) carrier signal is applied to a human subject between biaxillary electrodes, a change in impedance can be measured between the electrodes. This change in impedance closely parallels the simultaneous changes in the volume of respired air. The design and circuitry of an impedance respirometer are presented. Simultaneous tracings from this respirometer and a wedge spirometer were recorded from ten subjects during quiet sitting, standing, walking, and running in place through the physiological range of respiratory rate (8-40 breaths/min) and volume (1/2-4 liters). The output of the impedance respirometer correlated well with the output of the wedge spirometer in the quiet, seated subject. The problems of electrode configuration, body type, and electrode artifact are discussed. This system is a reliable and unencumbering method of monitor-respiratory rate and, potentially, respiratory volume. However, its use is severely limited by base line shifts and motion artifact due to changes in electrode impedance.
Robotic milking in dairy farming (1997)

The role of engineering research in the development of robotic milking systems and the integration of robotic milking in dairy farms are reviewed. The milking stall, robot arm, teat sensing system, milking equipment and udder cleaning devices of commercial automatic milking systems (AMS) available in the Netherlands at the end of 1996 are described. The importance of the attractiveness of the milking stall, lay-out of the barn and the introduction of a cow routing with special gates in the barn is highlighted. Increasing the milking frequency from 2 to 3 times/day results in a higher yield of approximately 1000 kg milk/lactation. It is concluded that automatic milking will decrease the physical and mental load on the farmer, but it should be considered that the farmer is working with complicated equipment.
Maximized On-Demand Hydrogen Generator Design (2013)

In this paper, magnesium hydride was used to react with water using a new design of control strategy to produce maximized on-demand hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis reaction. Magnesium hydride is the chemical compound MgH2, which contains 7.66% by weight of hydrogen and as a potential hydrogen source. Although the concept of reacting chemical hydride with water to produce hydrogen is not new, there have been a number of recent published papers which might be employed as on site generation of hydrogen for fuel cell applications. Under room temperature, the hydrolytic reaction between magnesium hydride and water to form a thin-layer of magnesium hydroxide on the outer surface impedes water from coming into direct contact with the magnesium hydride. The key to continual removal of this coherent magnesium hydroxide layer can induce the reaction of magnesium hydride with water near room temperature by the addition of citric acids. These additions act to disrupt the magnesium hydroxide layer on the magnesium hydride. This concept of using the magnesium hydride reaction with water to produce hydrogen has the following conclusions. This study presents a maximized on-demand hydrogen gas generator capable of producing hydrogen at an almost-constant H2 rate, which using this approach can reach the 6.4% by weight of hydrogen. In addition, based on the kinetics of magnesium hydride-water reaction, it does not need any noble-metals catalysts to meet the minimum hydrogen flow rate for fuel cell power systems. Finally, the cost of producing hydrogen from magnesium hydride-water approach would cost approximately $15 per kg hydrogen.
Development of the corticosteroid stress axis and receptor expression in zebrafish (2007)

Using zebrafish embryos and larvae, we examined the temporal patterns of cortisol and expression of genes involved in corticosteroid synthesis and signaling. Embryonic cortisol levels decreased approximately 70% from 1.5 h postfertilization (hpf) to hatch (approximately 42 hpf) and then increased 27-fold by 146 hpf. The mRNA abundances of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, 11beta-hydroxylase and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, increased severalfold after hatch and preceded the rise of cortisol levels. In contrast to other teleosts that possess two glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and one mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), only one GR and MR were identified in zebrafish, which were cloned and sequenced. GR mRNA abundance decreased from 1.5 to 25 hpf, rebounded, and then was stable from 49 to 146 hpf. MR transcripts increased continuously from 1.5 hpf and were 52-fold higher by 97 hpf. An acute cortisol response to a stressor was not detected until 97 hpf, whereas melanocortin type 2 receptor mRNA increased between 25 and 49 hpf. Collectively, the patterns of cortisol and the expression of cortisol biosynthetic genes and melanocortin type 2 receptor suggest that the corticoid stress axis in zebrafish is fully developed only after hatch. The temporal differences in GR, MR, and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene expression lead us to propose a key role for MR signaling by maternal cortisol during embryogenesis, whereas cortisol secretion after hatch may be regulating GR expression and signaling in zebrafish.
Optical super-resolution through super-oscillations (2007)

We demonstrate that a quasi-periodic array of nanoholes in a metal screen can focus light into subwavelength spots in the far-field without contributions from evanescent fields. The subwavelength spots were observed with a conventional optical microscope and mapped to the far-field. We relate the formation of subwavelength light localizations in the far-field to the phenomenon of super-oscillations. This effect offers a new way to achieve subwavelength imaging, which differs from approaches based on the recovery of evanescent fields.
Replication of bacteriophage phi 29 DNA in vitro: the roles of terminal protein and DNA polymerase. (1984)

phi 29 DNA replication is initiated by the formation of a covalent complex between the viral-coded terminal protein and dAMP (TP-dAMP). This initiation reaction system has been reconstituted from two phage-encoded proteins, the terminal protein and DNA polymerase. The phi 29 DNA polymerase was purified from phage-infected cells by using poly(dA) X p(dT)12-18 as an assay template. The purified polymerase has an apparent molecular mass of 68 kDa in its native form and it appears to function as a monomer. The terminal protein was purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli cells harboring a cloned plasmid that contained a phi 29 gene 3 segment. The molecular mass of the purified terminal protein was about 30 kDa in both the denatured and the native form. The protein apparently functions as a monomer. When the terminal protein and DNA polymerase were incubated in the presence of dATP, Mg2+, and phi 29 DNA-protein as template, the terminal protein bound covalently to dAMP. This reaction did not require ATP. In addition, these two purified fractions catalyzed DNA chain elongation from both ends of phi 29 DNA, yielding the expected 9- to 12-base fragment when assayed in the presence of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine triphosphate. These results indicate that phi 29 DNA polymerase catalyzes formation of the terminal protein-dAMP complex and can also catalyze chain elongation at least 9-12 bases from both ends of phi 29 DNA.
Intranasal Interferon  2 for Prevention of Rhinovirus Infection and Illness (1983)

In two placebo-controlled, double-blind studies, the prophylactic efficacy of recombinant DNA-produced interferon alpha 2 (IFN-alpha 2) against induced rhinovirus (RV) type 39 infection in susceptible volunteers was assessed. IFN-alpha 2 was given by intranasal drops in either multiple treatments (11.4 X 10(6) IU four times per day for four days) or one treatment daily (42.8 X 10(6) IU once per day for five days) starting before RV type 39 challenge. The efficacy rates of multiple-dose IFN-alpha 2 for preventing infection, virus shedding, and RV type 39-specific colds were 78%, 78%, and 100%, respectively. The corresponding rates for one daily treatment were 45%, 64%, and 75%, respectively. Both dosage regimens were associated with significant reductions in days of virus shedding and nasal mucus production. In the second study, three IFN-alpha 2 recipients developed transient leukopenia (less than 4,000 leukocytes/mm3). The results suggest that intranasal IFN-alpha 2 may prove to be a safe and effective method of preventing rhinovirus infection and illness.
Development and characterization of an SV40 immortalized porcine ameloblast‐like cell line (1999)

Enamel is secreted as a protein matrix by the ameloblasts. These same cells then control the maturation of the enamel matrix, secreting proteinases that hydrolyze proteins as mineralization progresses, until mature enamel containing less than 1% protein by weight remains. Further understanding of the factors that control ameloblast function and differentiation requires an in vitro cell culture system. In this study, we report immortalization of enamel organ epithelial cells and the selection of a cell line with characteristics of ameloblasts. Porcine enamel organ cells were dissected from unerupted porcine molars, cultured in serum-free medium, and passaged twice. These cells were transfected with an origin-of-replication defective SV40 plasmid by calcium phosphate precipitation, and a cell line with mRNA expression characteristic of ameloblasts was cloned. This cell line (PABSo-E) expressed mRNA for amelogenin, matrix metalloproteinase-20 (enamelysin), and enamel matrix serine proteinase 1 (EMSP1), but not ameloblastin. PABSo-E cells have been passaged more than 55 times, while continuing to maintain characteristics of ameloblasts. These cells will be useful for future studies of ameloblast function.
Synthetic Routes to TEG‐Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Low Band‐Gap Polymers (2016)

We report herein general synthetic routes to novel TEG‐functionalized DPP‐based co‐polymers (TEG = triethylene glycol; DPP = diketopyrrolopyrrole) that display alternating TEG‐substituted DPP moieties with various functionalized donor units; donor units contain moieties such as polythiophene segments decorated with thermocleavable tertiary esters or additional TEG chains and alkoxy‐substituted benzodithiophenes. The synthetic approaches are based on Stille coupling chemistry or, for the first time for TEG‐substituted DPP‐based polymers, on direct heteroarylation polymerizations. Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization as well as preliminary tests in photovoltaic cells are also reported.
Variations in Stress Sensitivity and Genomic Expression in Diverse S. cerevisiae Isolates (2008)

Interactions between an organism and its environment can significantly influence phenotypic evolution. A first step toward understanding this process is to characterize phenotypic diversity within and between populations. We explored the phenotypic variation in stress sensitivity and genomic expression in a large panel of Saccharomyces strains collected from diverse environments. We measured the sensitivity of 52 strains to 14 environmental conditions, compared genomic expression in 18 strains, and identified gene copy-number variations in six of these isolates. Our results demonstrate a large degree of phenotypic variation in stress sensitivity and gene expression. Analysis of these datasets reveals relationships between strains from similar niches, suggests common and unique features of yeast habitats, and implicates genes whose variable expression is linked to stress resistance. Using a simple metric to suggest cases of selection, we found that strains collected from oak exudates are phenotypically more similar than expected based on their genetic diversity, while sake and vineyard isolates display more diverse phenotypes than expected under a neutral model. We also show that the laboratory strain S288c is phenotypically distinct from all of the other strains studied here, in terms of stress sensitivity, gene expression, Ty copy number, mitochondrial content, and gene-dosage control. These results highlight the value of understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic variation and raise caution about using laboratory strains for comparative genomics.
Effects of Sulfur on Performance of Catalytic Aftertreatment Devices (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In the effort to design reliable diesel engines which meet the strict US Federal Regulations for emissions, considerable progress has been made by engine manufacturers. Particulate emissions are now below 0.25 g/BHPh and after 1994 will be below 0.1 g/BHPh. Diesel fuel has a revised specification limit of 0.05% sulfur as a means to assist diesel engine manufacturers in complying with the 1994 standard. Diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) have been chosen as another means. A DOC can efficiently oxidize soluble organic particulate matter (SOF) and gaseous hydrocarbons while easily oxidizing SO<sub>2</sub> to SO<sub>3</sub>-the latter being a particulate and undesirable. Selective DOCs have been developed which maintain the activity for SOF and minimize the undesirable SO<sub>2</sub> oxidation step. However, performance for gaseous hydrocarbons may be negatively affected. The potential effectiveness of DOCs and other catalytic aftertreatment devices such as catalytic soot filters and lean NOX catalysts are greatly improved with cleaner diesel fuels-the cleaner the better.</div>
Fortune Teller (1986)

A FORTUNE-TELLER who had set up a tent near her painted-cart between the canal and the river, near Willow Eddy.Three of them went together.They didn't tell anyone about it.Mama went with cousin Edd and one of his sisters.There was a trail of delicate lavender; little flowers grew like moss in the spring-deposit of sand on the river side.There was a shelf or island of sand beyond the bank, and Mama stood watching the river swirl round the sand-shelf or sand-island.The bank across the river with its low bushes and shelf of pebbles and sand, was exactly like the shore of the real island further down the river where they had their summer picnics.There was the round summer-house on the island, with the lattice work like the one in the Seminary grounds, but the one in the Seminary grounds was covered with jasmine and honeysuckle and small yellow roses; they were a sort of tea-rose; the girls from Charleston called them cherokee-roses.At one time, there had been many girls from the South;
A Persistent Carbenium Ion on the Methanol-to-Olefin Catalyst HSAPO-34:  Acetone Shows the Way (2001)

In situ 13C NMR with both CAVERN and pulse−quench methods was used to understand the chemistry of acetone on the silico-aluminophosphate catalyst HSAPO-34. The isotropic shift of [2-13C]acetone shows that most of the acid sites on this catalyst are weaker than those on aluminosilicate zeolites, but a minority site was resolved with a shift higher than that on zeolite HZSM-5. At elevated temperatures, acetone dimerized to diacetone alcohol and dehydrated to mesityl oxide. Mesityl oxide cracked in the presence of water to acetic acid and isobutylene. Trimerization of butenes formed a significant amount of a persistent carbenium ion with unusual spectroscopic properties, and this is proposed to be the heptamethylcyclopentenyl cation, the first observation of a persistent carbenium ion on a SAPO catalyst. Chemical shift calculations at the GIAO-MP2 level revealed a discrepancy for one signal of the proposed cation but ruled out an alternative assignment. Methylaromatic formation coincided with cyclopentenyl cation synthesis, supporting a mechanistic proposal for aromatic synthesis on zeolites. Conventional flow reactor studies revealed a high selectivity for C4 olefins and rapid deactivation with acetone as feed. The results of this investigation are interpreted in the context of methanol-to-olefin (MTO) chemistry on HSAPO-34.
Customer MAC Address Flushing Mechanisms for Provider Backbone Bridging over VPLS (2008)

The scalability of H-VPLS (either with MPLS or Ethernet access
network) can be improved by incorporating Provider Backbone Bridge
(PBB) functionality in VPLS access. PBB introduces the notion of
Backbone MAC (B-MAC) addresses vs. Customer MAC (C-MAC) addresses,
thereby leading to the requirement for having MAC address flushing
mechanisms for each. This document discusses a C-MAC address
flushing notification mechanism to be used in VPLS networks that
employ PBB technology.
Spectrally Efficient UWB Pulse Shaping With Application in Orthogonal PSM (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, we present a method to obtain a set of orthogonal pulses to be used in pulse-shape modulation (PSM) for ultra-wideband communications. The pulses are built as linear combinations of Hermite functions, which are shown to have unique advantageous features. Mathematical restrictions of orthogonality and spectral eficiency are introduced as guidelines to a fully explained search procedure to find the best set of pulses. Additionally, this procedure is adapted and used to find a single FCC-compliant pulse shape. A quaternary PSM scheme is implemented with orthogonal pulses obtained by the proposed method, and the results of a simulation are shown. </para>
An event recognition method for fiber distributed acoustic sensing systems based on the combination of MFCC and CNN (2018)

Fiber distributed acoustic sensing (FDAS) systems have been widely used in many fields such as oil and gas pipeline monitoring, urban safety monitoring, and perimeter security. An event recognition method for fiber distributed acoustic sensing (FDAS) systems is proposed in this paper. The Mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) of the acoustic signals collected by the FDAS system are computed as the features of the events, which are inputted into a convolutional neural network (CNN) to determine the type of the events. Experimental results based on 2300 training samples and 946 test samples show that the precision, recall, and f1-score of the classification model reach as high as 98.02%, 97.99%, and 97.98% respectively, which means that the combination of MFCC and CNN may be a promising event recognition method for FDAS systems.
The pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of enoxacin and norfloxacin (1984)

Two new quinoline compounds, enoxacin (600 mg) and norfloxacin (400 mg) were administered consecutively to six healthy male volunteers. The levels of the two agents were measured in serum, urine and blister fluid. The mean peak serum level of enoxacin was 3.7 mg/l and attained at a mean time of 1.9 h after administration; the mean peak serum level of norfloxacin was 1.45 mg/l at a mean time of 1.5 h. The mean serum half-lives were 6.2 h for enoxacin and 3.25 h for norfloxacin. Both agents penetrated blister fluid well and reached maximum levels of 2.9 mg/l (for enoxacin) and 1.0 mg/l (for norfloxacin). The 24 h urinary recovery of enoxacin of 61% was about twice that of norfloxacin. No adverse effects of either agent were observed. The data suggest that enoxacin might be used as a once daily dose for the treatment of urinary tract infections, but twice daily for the treatment of susceptible pathogens causing systemic (as against urinary) infections.
Studies of Anti‐lymphocyte Antibody of Patients with Active SLE (1979)

Effect of anti-lymphocyte antibody of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on lymphocyte function was examined. Lymphocytes from normal individuals treated with anti-lymphocyte antibody and complement exhibited marked inhibition of response to concanavalin A (Con A), while the response of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin M (PHA-M) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was slightly affected. In mixed lymphocyte culture response, both stimulator and responder cells were insensitive to anti-lymphocyte antibody. Treatment of sensitized lymphocytes with anti-lymphocyte antibody and complement caused a dose-dependent suppression of blastogenic response to purified protein derivatives (PPD). No effect, however, was noted on migration-inhibitory factor (MIF)-producing cells. In PWM-driven Ig synthesis, T lymphocytes lacking the anti-lymphocyte antibody-reactive T-cell subset enhanced PWM-driven Ig synthesis of autologous B lymphocytes. Con-A-induced suppressor function of lymphocytes was abolished by the treatment with anti-lymphocyte antibody and complement. The present study demonstrated that lymphocytes from normal individuals after treatment with anti-lymphocyte antibody and complement showed similar immunological reactivities with lymphocytes from active SLE, indicating that those anti-lymphocyte antibodies could play an important role in defective suppressor cell function.
A New Multi-Sensor Registration (2006)

A new multi-sensor registration is discussed in this paper. Registration is the process whereby various bias errors are removed from multi-sensor position reports so that they can be accurately combined and utilized for multi-sensor tracking and display. Current ATC systems use a NAS (National Airspace System) registration algorithm to calculate the bias errors. To overcome the shortcomings of the NAS registration, a multi-sensor registration algorithm based on a least squares minimization is proposed. This algorithm can be used to efficiently calculate the bias errors for all the radars simultaneously in the system. The implementation of this algorithm needs a certain number of target report pairs for registration calculation, but there is no requirement for large number of samples; as such there is no need to wait for a long time before the biases are obtained. Unfortunately, this direct least-square method is not feasible for large scale registration problems.