gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Coating Deterioration with EIS (1991)

Various parameters that can be obtained from impedance data such as the break-point frequency fb, the magnitude of the phase angle minimum Φmin at high frequencies, and the frequency fmin of Φmin are useful to estimate the degree of deterioration of organic coatings on metals. Data obtained earlier by Kendig and Mansfeld for polybutadiene on steel have been reinterpreted using this concept. The delamination function defined in this paper based on impedance data agrees very well with the degree of delamination determined visually according to ASTM D 610.
Influence of uterine bacterial contamination after parturition on ovarian dominant follicle selection and follicle growth and function in cattle (2002)

First postpartum dominant follicles are preferentially selected in the ovary contralateral to the previously gravid uterine horn. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that uterine bacterial contamination alters the location of ovarian follicle emergence and selection, and inhibits follicle growth and function. Swabs were collected from the uterine body lumen of cattle on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after parturition. Bacteria were identified by aerobic and anaerobic culture; bacterial growth was scored semiquantitatively and animals were categorized into standard or high bacterial contamination categories on the basis of the number of colonies detected. Follicular growth and function were monitored by daily transrectal ultrasonography, and estimation of plasma FSH, oestradiol and progesterone concentrations. There was no effect of bacterial contamination on plasma FSH concentration profiles or emergence of the ovarian follicle wave. When uterine bacterial growth scores were high on day 7 or day 21 after parturition, fewer first (1/20 versus 15/50; P < 0.05) or second (1/11 versus 13/32; P < 0.05) dominant follicles were selected in the ipsilateral compared with the contralateral ovary, respectively. The diameter of the first dominant follicle was smaller in animals with a high day 7 bacterial score (P < 0.001), dominant follicle growth was slower (P < 0.05) and oestradiol secretion was decreased (P < 0.05). The present study provides evidence for an effect of the uterus on the ovary after parturition, whereby uterine bacteria have a contemporaneous localized effect on ovarian follicle selection and subsequent growth and function, but not on initial emergence.
Rapid and large-scale method to detect K-ras gene mutations in tumor samples. (1997)

We have developed a rapid and large-scale method for the detection of K-ras gene mutations in tumors. First, DNA is amplified by an asymmetric PCR; second, the single-strand dinitrophenyl (DNP)-labeled amplified DNA is hybridized specifically to oligonucleotide probes affixed on a tube. Finally, perfectly matched duplexes are easily detected by a monoclonal anti-DNP antibody bearing 125I. The usefulness of this technique is illustrated by analyzing K-ras codon 12 mutations in human colorectal samples. This reliable assay procedure can be applied to the rapid screening of virtually any genetic disease caused by previously described point mutations.
Epoxy resins, curing agents, compounds and modifiers — an industrial guide (1987)

Epoxy resins (ERs) represent a special class of industrially and biologically active materials. They are extensively used as anticorrosive materials for different metals and alloys. Because of their polymeric nature, ERs possess a high surface area that offers them high anticorrosive activity. Several pure and cured ERs have been used as corrosion inhibitors in aqueous as well as in coating phase. Instead of their macromolecular and polymeric nature, pure and cured ERs possess high solubility in the polar electrolytes, which is attributed to their high surface functionalities. The presence of numerous peripheral functional groups, such as amino (-NH2), hydroxyl (-OH), amide (-CONH2), etc., enhances their solubility in such electrolytes. Experimentally they showed better anticorrosive effect than pure ER, which is attributed to filling out the surface micropores of the coating structures through which corrosive species can penetrate and accelerates corrosion. Literature studies showed that ERs are used as corrosion inhibitors, especially in NaCl and acidic media. Most ERs act as interface and mixed type corrosion inhibitors. This chapter describes the collection of some major advancements toward metallic corrosion inhibition using ERs as anticorrosive materials.
Performance of Graphite Foam Evaporator for Use in Thermal Management (2004)

This paper presents the results of an investigation of the thermal performance of a graphite foam thermosyphon evaporator and discusses the foam’s potential for use in the thermal management of electronics. The graphitized carbon foam used in this study is an open-cell porous material that consists of a network of interconnected graphite ligaments whose thermal conductivities are up to five times higher than copper. While the bulk graphite foam has a thermal conductivity similar to aluminum, it has one-fifth the density, making it an excellent thermal management material. Furthermore, using the graphite foam as the evaporator in a thermosyphon enables the transfer of large amounts of energy with relatively low temperature difference and without the need for external pumping. Performance of the system with FC-72 and FC-87 was examined, and the effects of liquid fill level, condenser temperature, and foam height, width, and density were studied. Performance with FC-72 and FC-87 was found to be similar, while the liquid fill level, condenser temperature, geometry, and density of the graphite foam were found to significantly affect the thermal performance. The boiling was found to be surface tension dominated, and a simple model based on heat transfer from the outer surface is proposed. As much as 149W were dissipated from a 1cm2 heated area.
Full-waveform inversion of cycle-skipped seismic data by frequency down-shifting (2013)

Full-waveform inversion can be severely compromised by problems of cycle skipping; this occurs when predicted and observed data differ by more than half a cycle, and it leads the inversion to recover a local rather than the global minimum model. Overcoming cycle skipping normally requires both a good starting model and low-frequency content in the field data. Here we present a scheme that uses a non-linear extrapolation to add missing low-frequencies into the field data. We demonstrate the scheme using a 3D OBC field dataset, and show that it can invert to recover the global minimum model even when the original un-extrapolated field dataset is significantly cycle skipped.
Mechanical Properties and Water Vapor Permeability of Edible Films from Whey Protein Isolate and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (1996)

The ability of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to plasticize edible films from whey protein isolate (WPI) was assessed. SDS was not able to plasticize WPI films on its own, but it was an effective coplasticizer in films containing either sorbitol or glycerol as the main plasticizer. In films that contained sorbitol, a mass ratio of SDS to WPI (RS:W) of 0.2 resulted in films that were more extensible and more soluble but with almost unchanged water vapor permeability (WVP). In films that contained glycerol, the same RS:W resulted in less extensible and soluble films with slightly higher WVP values. Values of RS:W > 0.3 resulted in antiplasticization, although there was a reduction in WVP. At RS:W > 1 films were so brittle that they could not be handled without breaking. The mechanical properties of WPI films that contained SDS were comparable to published values for other proteinaceous, edible films. Keywords: Plasticizer; Young's modulus; tensile strength; protein/surfactant interactions
Une méthode géométrique élémentaire pour l’étude de certaines questions de la théorie des courbes planes (1906)

Jusqu'~t l'@oque off WEIERSTRASS inventa une fonction continue ne possddant, pour aucune valeur de la variable, une ddriv6e d6termin6e, 2 c'6tait une opinion bien rdpandue dans le monde seientifique que route courbe continue poss~de une tangente d6terminge (du moins en exceptant certains points singuliers); et l'on salt que, de temps en temps, plusieurs g6om~tres 6minents ont essay6 de consolider cette opinion, fond6e sans doute sur la repr6sentation graphique des eourbes, par des raisonnements logiques. 3
Ketogluconic Acids from Glucose BACTERIAL PRODUCTION (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKetogluconic Acids from Glucose BACTERIAL PRODUCTIONJ. J. Stubbs, L. B. Lockwood, E. T. Roe, B. Tabenkin, and G. E. WardCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1940, 32, 12, 1626–1631Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50372a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50372a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Total Synthesis of Cystothiazoles A and B (2004)

[structure: see text] Convergent enantioselective syntheses of the antifungal agents cystothiazoles A and B are described. The routes feature an asymmetric crotylation using a propargylic dicobalt hexacarbonyl complex, which provided enhanced diastereoselectivity over the uncomplexed propargylic acetal. The bisthiazole fragment was united with the side chain through a Stille cross-coupling of a terminal (E)-vinylstannane with a 4-trifloyl-substituted thiazole.
Electron Injection into DNA: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Pyrenyl-Modified Oligonucleotides (2002)

The nucleoside 5-(1-pyrenyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (1) was prepared by a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and subsequently used as a DNA building block in order to prepare a range of modified oligonucleotides using phosphoramidite chemistry. The DNA duplexes contain a pyrenyl group covalently attached to the nucleobase uracil. Upon excitation at 340 nm an intramolecular electron transfer from the pyrenyl group to the uracil moiety takes place which represents an injection of an excess electron into the DNA base stack. Based on the results obtained by steady-state fluorescence and time-resolved pump-probe laser spectroscopy it was possible to show that base-to-base electron transfer can occur from the Py-dU group only to adjacent thymines.
Dementia with Lewy bodies: diagnosis and clinical approach. (2004)

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common form of dementia that is being increasingly recognized. This paper reviews this disorder, emphasizing how it is different from other causes of dementia.
Increases in mitochondrial biogenesis impair carcinogenesis at multiple levels (2011)

Although mitochondrial respiration is decreased in most cancer cells, the role of this decrease in carcinogenesis and cancer progression is still unclear. To better understand this phenomenon, instead of further inhibiting mitochondrial function, we induced mitochondrial biogenesis in transformed cells by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) pathways. This was achieved by treating the cells with bezafibrate, a PPARs panagonist that also enhances PGC-1α expression. We confirmed that bezafibrate treatment led to increased mitochondrial proteins and enzyme functions. We found that cells with increased mitochondrial biogenesis had decreased growth rates in glucose-containing medium. In addition, they became less invasive, which was directly linked to the reduced lactate levels. Surprisingly, even though bezafibrate-treated cells had higher levels of mitochondrial markers, total respiration was not significantly altered. However, respiratory coupling, and ATP levels were. Our data show that by increasing the efficiency of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system, cancer progression is hampered by decreases in cell proliferation and invasiveness.
A generic type system for the Pi-calculus (2001)

We propose a general, powerful framework of type systems for the π-calculus, and show that we can obtain as its instances a variety of type systems guaranteeing non-trivial properties like deadlock-freedom and race-freedom. A key idea is to express types and type environments as abstract processes: We can check various properties of a process by checking the corresponding properties of its type environment. The framework clarifies the essence of recent complex type systems, and it also enables sharing of a large amount of work such as a proof of type preservation, making it easy to develop new type systems.
Assessing atmospheric stability and its impacts on rotor‐disk wind characteristics at an onshore wind farm (2011)

ABSTRACT As the average hub height and blade diameter of new wind turbine installations continue to increase, turbines typically encounter higher wind speeds, which enable them to extract large amounts of energy, but they also face challenges due to the complex nature of wind flow and turbulence in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Wind speed and turbulence can vary greatly across a turbine's rotor disk; this variability is partially due to whether the PBL is stable, neutral or convective. To assess the influence of stability on these wind characteristics, we utilize a unique data set including observations from two meteorological towers, a surface flux tower and high‐resolution remote‐sensing sound detection and ranging (SODAR) instrument. We compare several approaches to defining atmospheric stability to the Obukhov length ( L ). Typical wind farm observations only allow for the calculation of a wind shear exponent ( α ) or horizontal turbulence intensity ( I U ) from cup anemometers, whereas SODAR gives measurements at multiple heights in the rotor disk of turbulence intensity ( I ) in the latitudinal ( I u ), longitudinal ( I v ) and vertical ( I w ) directions and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE). Two methods for calculating horizontal I from SODAR data are discussed. SODAR stability parameters are in high agreement with the more physically robust L ,with TKE exhibiting the best agreement, and show promise for accurate characterizations of stability. Vertical profiles of wind speed and turbulence, which likely affect turbine power performance, are highly correlated with stability regime. At this wind farm, disregarding stability leads to over‐assessments of the wind resource during convective conditions and under‐assessments during stable conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic data capture for health surveys in developing countries: use of a mobile phone based application in southern India (2013)

The combination of low-cost cellphones and open-source software enable the possibility of cellphone-based electronic data capture for health research in several settings. We used a web-based interface to design an electronic survey that was delivered as an electronic questionnaire to low-cost basic cellphones. Using this cellphone application, research staff could collect high-quality, real-time data that could be used for immediate analysis. In this paper, we discuss the architecture of such an electronic data capture system and provide a step-by-step primer for setting up a feasible system.
Spectral Hole Burning in EDFA under Various Channel Load Conditions (2009)

Spectral Hole Burning in EDFA depends on channel loading condition. The most problematic channel load cases are identified in simulations of gain controlled EDFA. Simple way to predict channel gain deviation is suggested.
The TELEC-A Plasma Type of Direct Energy Converter (1978)

The Thermo-Electronic Laser Energy Converter (TELEC) is a high-power density plasma device designed to convert a 10.6-micron CO2 laser beam into electric power. Electromagnetic radiation is absorbed in plasma electrons, creating a high-electron temperature. Energetic electrons diffuse from the plasma and strike two electrodes having different areas. The larger electrode collects more electrons and there is a net transport of current. An electromagnetic field is generated in the external circuit. A computer program has been designed to analyze TELEC performance allowing parametric variation for optimization. Values are presented for TELEC performance as a function of cesium pressure and for current density and efficiency as a function of output voltage. Efficiency is shown to increase with pressure, reaching a maximum over 45%.
Assignment of disulphide bonds in human platelet GPIIIa. A disulphide pattern for the <i>β</i>-subunits of the integrin family (1991)

Integrins are cell-surface heterodimers formed by the association of one alpha- and one beta-subunit. Glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa or beta 3 subunit) is the common beta-subunit of the beta 3 subfamily of integrins, which, when associated with glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb), constitutes the receptor for fibrinogen and other adhesive proteins at the platelet surface (the GPIIb-IIIa complex) and, when associated with the alpha v-subunit, constitutes the vitronectin receptor present in several cell types. Protein chemical analysis of GPIIIa allows us to define the following structural domains: the cysteine-rich and proteinase-resistant N-terminal domain (GPIIIa 1-62); the adhesive-protein-binding domain (GPIIIa 101-422); the cysteine-rich and proteinase-resistant core (GPIIIa 423-622); and the C-terminal domain comprising an extracellular subdomain (GPIIIa 623-692), a transmembrane subdomain (GPIIIa 693-721), and a cytoplasmic subdomain (GPIIIa 722-762). We also assign unambiguously the disulphide bonds within the N-terminal, the fibrinogen-binding and the C-terminal domains, and the two long-range disulphide bonds which join the N-terminus to the proteinase-resistant core (Cys5-Cys435) and the fibrinogen-binding domain to the extracellular side of the C-terminal domain (Cys406-Cys655). In addition, we propose three alternative models for the arrangement of the disulphide bonds within the core and of the disulphide bonds joining the core to the extracellular side of the C-terminal domain, consistent with our experimental findings, favouring temporarily that which imposes less steric hindrance for the formation of these disulphide bonds. On the basis of this information and on the highly conserved overall structure observed in the beta-subunits of the integrin family known so far, except in beta 4, we propose to extend the cysteine-pairing pattern and the structural domains outlined here for GPIIIa to all the beta-subunits of the integrin family.
News (2008)

Smart networks of cell-phone cameras will be able to essentially do the same things as regular camera networks- for example, object recognition and surveillance. However, they'll bring these functions to ubiquitous cell phones instead of specialized platforms. Researchers are already developing applications for these networks.
Beyond the hippocampus (2001)

These results verify that system-wide limbic degeneration occurs in patients with AD. In addition, atrophy in selected limbic structures was used to distinguish patients with AD from normal elderly individuals with over 90% accuracy in this select clinical sample. The measures require further exploration in samples more representative of those seen by primary care physicians before their utility can be accurately assessed.
Use of siblings as controls in case‐control association studies (1997)

The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) is a simple means to detect association which should only be positive if the marker allele is linked to the disease locus, but it cannot be used if parents of affected subjects are unavailable, as can occur when the disease has a late age of onset. Although one can sometimes deduce parental genotypes using the siblings of affected cases, reliance on this procedure can introduce bias and may also result in discarding many families which could provide useful information. Instead, it is shown that the use of unaffected siblings as controls is, like the TDT, robust against bias due to population stratification and other sources, and is expected only to produce positive results when a marker is both associated and linked with the disease locus. The method can have much less power than a case-control study using unrelated controls, but this can be guarded against by seeking unaffected siblings which are genotypically distinct from cases and by focusing only on alleles which are different within pairs of cases and controls. This yields a pair-wise test for association which can be used for multiallelic markers in a manner exactly analogous to the extended TDT (ETDT). The use of siblings as controls is simple, robust, practical and worthy of further consideration.
Phase transitions in random copolymers (1993)

Ideal random AB copolymers with degree of polymerization N are mixtures of N+1 types of chains with different compositions (fractions fi of A monomers). Conditions for single phase and multiphase equilibria are studied using Flory–Huggins free energy of mixing with χ representing the A–B interaction parameter. The spinodal for one phase instability is given by χs=[2f(1−f)]−1 for all N, where f is the average A fraction in the system. The transition from one to two phases is continuous at χ=χs when f=0.5 and discontinuous at χ≤χs when f≠0.5. Three, four, and more phases become stable at larger values of χ. Our numerical solution suggests that the stability range for multiple phases approaches Δχ≊0.15 at large (but finite) N. Macroscopically and microscopically phase separated states are investigated with the Landau approach of Fredrickson, Milner and Leibler. The Landau method gives reasonable but inexact results for two macroscopic phases when the random copolymer has compositional symmetry (f=0.5). A disordered mesophase is expected to be the most stable state at least over a range Δχ≊0.15 above the critical point when N≫1. The Landau approach with a single order parameter cannot be used for discontinuous transitions in random copolymers (f≠0.5).