gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organoclays in Water Cause Expansion That Facilitates Caffeine Adsorption (2014)

This study investigates the adsorption of caffeine in water on organically modified clays (a natural montmorillonite and synthetic saponite, which are smectite group of layered clay minerals). The organoclays were prepared by cation-exchange reactions of benzylammonium and neostigmine with interlayer exchangeable cations in the clay minerals. Although less caffeine was uptaken on neostigmine-modified clays than on raw clay minerals, uptake was increased by adding benzylammonium to the clays. The adsorption equilibrium constant was considerably higher on benzylammonium-modified saponite (containing small quantities of intercalated benzylammonium) than on its montmorillonite counterpart. These observations suggest that decreasing the size and number of intercalated cations enlarges the siloxane surface area available for caffeine adsorption. When the benzylammonium-smectite powders were immersed in water, the intercalated water molecules expanded the interlayer space. Addition of caffeine to the aqueous dispersion further expanded the benzylammonium-montmorillonite system but showed no effect on benzylammonium-saponite. We assume that intercalated water molecules were exchanged with caffeine molecules. By intercalating benzylammonium into smectites, we have potentially created an adaptable two-dimensional nanospace that sequesters caffeine from aqueous media.
Inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte and natural killer cell-mediated lysis by O,S,S,-trimethyl phosphorodithioate is at an early postrecognition step. (1988)

Abstract O,S,S,-Trimethyl phosphorodithioate (OSS-TMP), an organophosphate esterase inhibitor, has been shown to block the effector phase of the cytolytic reaction mediated by murine and human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and human natural killer cells. The murine interleukin 2-dependent CTLL-1 (anti-Iad) clone was used to determine the phase of the cytolytic pathway inhibited by OSS-TMP. Pretreatment of the CTL or target cell with OSS-TMP was not effective at blocking lysis; however, inhibition of lysis was achieved if the reaction was carried out in the continuous presence of OSS-TMP (IC50 = 55 microM) or when CTL-target conjugates were performed and incubated with OSS-TMP (IC50 = 640 microM). Two structural analogues of OSS-TMP were unable to inhibit CTL-mediated lysis. In contrast to OSS-TMP, N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone required only a 5-min preincubation with the CTL to inhibit lysis. OSS-TMP did not block recognition-adhesion step(s) of the reaction since the ability to form conjugates was not impaired; however, the lytic efficiency of individual CTL-target pairs were blocked. OSS-TMP did not appear to be an inhibitor of the major granule-associated protease that cleaves the substrate, N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine thiobenzylester. Ca2+ pulse and kinetic experiments indicated that the OSS-TMP-sensitive site was at a pre-Ca2+-dependent phase but after recognition-adhesion. Human CTL and natural killer cell activity was also inhibited by OSS-TMP, suggesting the presence of a common site of action among these cytolytic systems. The results indicate that OSS-TMP may be a useful reagent in characterizing the early post-recognition events in the cytolytic pathway of CTL and natural killer effector cells.
Multi-modal and multi-vendor retina image registration (2018)

Multi-modal retinal image registration is often required to utilize the complementary information from different retinal imaging modalities. However, a robust and accurate registration is still a challenge due to the modality-varied resolution, contrast, and luminosity. In this paper, a two step registration method is proposed to address this problem. <i>Descriptor matching</i> on mean phase images is used to <i>globally</i> register images in the first step. <i>Deformable registration</i> based on modality independent neighbourhood descriptor (MIND) method is followed to <i>locally</i> refine the registration result in the second step. The proposed method is extensively evaluated on color fundus images and scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) images. Both qualitative and quantitative tests demonstrate improved registration using the proposed method compared to the state-of-the-art. The proposed method produces significantly and substantially larger mean Dice coefficients compared to other methods (p<0.001). It may facilitate the measurement of corresponding features from different retinal images, which can aid in assessing certain retinal diseases.
LiveCloud: A lucid orchestrator for cloud datacenters (2012)

Cloud datacenters, providing Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), need to lively orchestrate numerous resource elements with diverse requirements of service provision, which most existing approaches are difficult to meet elastically. This paper presents LiveCloud, a management framework for resources in cloud datacenters. It addresses multiple management issues by employing different views of datacenter resources to satisfy various requirements for both tenants and operators. Leveraging software defined networking (SDN) techniques, LiveCloud further integrates network resources into datacenter orchestration and service provision with improved service-level agreements and faster service delivery. LiveCloud is architected as a data-centric and event-driven system with open management interfaces and service-oriented APIs to simplify system integration and service provision. The LiveCloud system has been deployed in both private and public datacenters to provide elastic cloud infrastructure for production applications.
New Process of Self-Organized Interconnection in Packaging Using Conductive Adhesive with Low Melting Point Filler (2004)

A model experiment of the novel self-organized joining process using conductive adhesive with low melting point alloy was demonstrated to break through the limitation of conventional solders and adhesives used in electronics packaging. Basic properties of the adhesive paste, joint morphology, the formation of the conduction path, and the self-organization characteristics were examined. Melting fillers were preserved in their initial spherical form in resin without oxygen-reduction capability, although enlargement of the alloy domain occurred in the case of oxygen-reduction polymer. The formation of the conduction path could be controlled accurately by varying the resin performance and the process parameters such as the gap distance of the joint and the volume fraction of filler. Self-organization due to capillary wetting of melting alloy was observed on the copper-line-patterned glass-epoxy substrate. The pair of lines on the faced substrates was selectively interconnected with an alloy joint.
Efficient datalink security in a bandwidth-limited mobile environment - an overview of the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN) security concept (2002)

When fully implemented, the global ATN will span organizational and international boundaries and facilitate implementation of air traffic management applications that improve communication reliability and maximize airspace utilization. To counter potential threats to these critical communications, the ATN specifies requirements for an integrated security solution. As described in this paper, the ATN security solution is based on an underlying open-system framework that supports cryptographic optimization techniques targeted to meet the specific challenges of the aeronautical communications environment. Application of this security solution provides the security services necessary to protect ATN communications while minimizing security overhead exchanged via the bandwidth-limited air-ground data link.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Towards the Preparation of Sparteine‐Like Diamines for Asymmetric Synthesis. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antibody responses of monkeys to oral and local immunization with Streptococcus mutans (1981)

Monkeys were immunized with Streptococcus mutans by a number of routes in an attempt to elicit exclusively a secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) response. Antibody responses were detected by a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Monkeys primed subcutaneously and boosted submucosally with formolized cells of S. mutans had high serum IgG, IgA, and IgM radioimmunoassay titers and only slight salivary IgG titers. Instillation of killed cells of S. mutans into the right parotid salivary duct elicited good IgG, IgA, and IgM responses in both the right parotid saliva and serum, but only a weak IgM response was detected in the left parotid saliva. Administration of killed cells of S. mutans in enterically coated capsules did not elicit a detectable antibody response or have a discernible effect on the antibody response to subsequent immunization by instillation. No increase in antibody titer was detected in the serum or whole saliva from monkeys orally immunized with enterically coated capsules containing viable S. mutans or in the serum, whole saliva, or intestinal contents from monkeys immunized with uncoated capsules containing killed cells of the same organism. These results do not support the concept that oral immunization with S. mutans is effective in stimulating a generalized secretory IgA response in primates.
DoppelDriver: Counterfactual actual travel times for alternative routes (2015)

“What would have happened, had I taken the alternative route?” This is a question that many drivers often ponder, hoping that their chosen route is the best. This paper proposes DoppelDriver, a system that attempts to answer such questions on non-chosen alternative routes to a given destination by determining actual times of arrival (ATAs) from participatory users on the non-chosen routes. DoppelDriver offers a direct, actual travel time comparison among route choices. With DoppelDriver's collection of actual travel time comparisons, users will be able to make strategic decisions on, and self-assessments of, their route choices. Also, we describe the potential usage and benefits of ex-post feedback (i.e. travel time on non-chosen routes) and how snapshots of travel time comparisons can be used to support strategic decision making on the choice of a route. Using real taxi GPS data, we investigate whether aggregating ATAs for road segments from other users mimics the ATA for the intended origin-to-destination route. Finally, we present our system design for a prototype implemented on the Android platform.
An Analysis of Transformations Revisited (1981)

Abstract Following Box and Cox (1964), we assume that a transform Z i = h(Yi , λ) of our original data {Yi } satisfies a linear model. Consistency properties of the Box-Cox estimates (MLE's) of λ and the parameters in the linear model, as well as the asymptotic variances of these estimates, are considered. We find that in some structured models such as transformed linear regression with small to moderate error variances, the asymptotic variances of the estimates of the parameters in the linear model are much larger when the transformation parameter λ is unknown than when it is known. In some unstructured models such as transformed one-way analysis of variance with moderate to large error variances, the cost of not knowing λ is moderate to small. The case where the error distribution in the linear model is not normal but actually unknown is considered, and robust methods in the presence of transformations are introduced for this case. Asymptotics and simulation results for the transformed additive two-way layout show that much is gained by this robustification of the Box-Cox methods when the ratios of the means to the error standard deviation are moderate to large. However, the performance of all Box-Cox type procedures is unstable and highly dependent on the parameters of the model in structured models with small to moderate error variances.
Detection of aerobic bacterial endospores: From air sampling, sterilization validation to astrobiology (2008)

Bacterial endospores are formed in genera such as Bacillus and Clostridium in times of incipient stresses. Derivative of their remarkable resistance and ubiquity, endospores are delivery vehicles for anthrax attack, biological indicators for checking sterilization efficacy, and candidates for Panspermia and potential extraterrestrial life, thereby underscoring the significance of their rapid detection. In this thesis project, spectroscopy and microscopy methods are studied to measure the release of a unique constituent, dipicolinic acid (DPA), via germination as a proxy for endospore viability. In particular, a luminescence time-gated microscopy technique (called microscopy endospore viability assay, acronym: μEVA) has been developed to enumerate germination-capable aerobic endospores rapidly based on energy transfer from DPA to terbium ions doped on a solid matrix upon UV excitation. The distinctive emission and millisecond lifetime enable 
time-resolved imaging to achieve a sensitivity of one endospore. Effective air sampling of endospores is crucial in view of the potential catastrophe caused by the dissemination of airborne anthrax endospores. Based on time-gated spectroscopy of terbium-DPA luminescence, the Anthrax Smoke Detector has been built to provide real-time surveillance of air quality for timely mitigation and decontamination. This technology also finds application in the monitoring of airborne endospore bioburden as an indicator of total biomass in a closed spacecraft system in order to safeguard the health of astronauts. Sterilization validation is of prime concern in the medical field and planetary protection to prevent cross-contaminations among patients and planets. μEVA has yielded faster and comparable results compared with the culture-based NASA standard assay in assessing surface endospore bioburden on spacecraft materials and clean rooms surfaces. The current analysis time has been expedited from 3 days to within an hour in compliance with planetary protection requirements imposed on landers and probes designed for life detection missions. From the perspective of astrobiology, endospores are time capsules preserving geological history and may exist as dormant lives in analogous extraterrestrial environments. μEVA has successfully recovered ancient endospores in cold biospheres (Greenland ice core, Antarctic Lake Vida, polar permafrost) and hyper-arid biospheres (Atacama Desert) on Earth as templates for determining life longevity and the search of extinct or extant life on Mars and other icy celestial bodies. Result authenticity has been validated by a comprehensive suite of experiments encompassing culture-based and culture-independent techniques such as epifluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorometry, bioluminescence and 16s rRNA analysis. In conclusion, μEVA is a sensitive analytical tool that opens a new realm in microbiology to provide insights into air sampling, sterility assessment and exobiology.
Roles of Copper Ligands in the Activation and Secretion ofStreptomyces Tyrosinase (1998)

The expression of the melanin operon (melC) of Streptomyces antibioticus requires the chaperone-like protein MelC1 for the incorporation of two copper ions (designated as CuA and CuB) and the secretion of the apotyrosinase (MelC2) via a transient binary complex formation between these two proteins. To investigate whether the copper ligand of tyrosinase is involved in this MelC1.MelC2 binary complex function, six single substitution mutations were introduced into the CuA and CuB sites. These mutations led to differential effects on the stability, copper content, and export function of binary complexes but a complete abolishment of tyrosinase activity. The defects in the tyrosinase activity in mutants were not because of the impairment of the formation of MelC1. MelC2 complex but rather the failure of MelC2 to be discharged from the copper-activated binary complex. Moreover, the impairments on the discharge of the mutant MelC2 from all the mutant binary complexes appeared to result from the structural changes in their apoforms or copper-activated forms of the complexes, as evidenced by the fluorescence emission and circular dichroism spectral analysis. Therefore, each of six copper ligands in Streptomyces tyrosinase binuclear copper sites plays a pivotal role in the final maturation and the discharge of tyrosinase from the binary complex but has a less significant role in its secretion.
Serum interleukin‐6 has no discriminatory role in paraproteinaemia nor a prognostic role in multiple myeloma (1999)

We determined interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the serum of 212 well-defined patients with newly diagnosed paraproteinaemia and evaluated its discriminatory value and prognostic role in multiple myeloma (MM). Results were compared with serum neural cell adhesion molecule and beta-2-microglobulin, both established prognostic MM markers. Paraproteinaemia-related diagnoses were: MM (60), other haematological diseases (46), solid tumours (35), autoimmune diseases (17) and monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) (54). The range of IL-6 levels in all diagnostic groups overlapped widely and did not serve as a discriminatory marker in newly diagnosed paraproteinaemia even when patients with infection or fever (42) were excluded. In MM high IL-6 levels (>/= 50 pg/ml) were not associated with a shorter survival (P = 0.24). We compared our results with 20 published studies on serum IL-6 in paraproteinaemia and/or MM. IL-6 data have to be related to the assay used (bio- or immunoassay) and to the status of MM (newly diagnosed, during therapy, progressive disease). We conclude that serum IL-6 is not specific for paraproteinaemia-related diseases and will not serve as a reliable discriminatory or prognostic marker in paraproteinaemia and MM.
App-Based, On-Demand Ride Services: Comparing Taxi and Ridesourcing Trips and User Characteristics in San Francisco (2014)

The rapid growth of on-demand ride services such as uberX and Lyft, or “ridesourcing,” has prompted debate among policy makers and stakeholders. At present, ridesourcing’s usage and impacts are not well understood. Key questions include: how ridesourcing and traditional taxis compare with respect to trip types, customers, and locations served; whether ridesourcing complements or competes with public transit; and potential impacts on vehicle kilometers traveled. The authors address these questions using an intercept survey. In spring 2014, 380 complete surveys were collected from three ridesourcing “hot spots” in San Francisco. Survey results are compared with matched-pair taxi trip data and results of a previous taxi user survey. The authors also compared travel times for ridesourcing and taxis with those for public transit. The findings indicate ridesourcing serves a previously unmet demand for convenient, point-to-point urban travel. Although taxis and ridesourcing share similarities, the findings show differences in users and the user experience. Ridesourcing wait times are markedly shorter and more consistent than those of taxis, while ridesourcing users tend to be younger, own fewer vehicles and more frequently travel with companions. Ridesourcing, like taxis, appears to both substitute for and complement public transit; the majority of ridesourcing trips would have taken substantially longer if made by public transit. Impacts on overall vehicle travel are unclear. Future research should build on this exploratory study to further understand impacts of ridesourcing on labor, social equity, the environment, and public policy.
UKCC reveals draft criteria for higher level practice (1999)

Opinions sought from senior nurses and professionals on the UKCC proposed criteria
Topics in Optimal Transportation (2003)

Introduction The Kantorovich duality Geometry of optimal transportation Brenier's polar factorization theorem The Monge-Ampere equation Displacement interpolation and displacement convexity Geometric and Gaussian inequalities The metric side of optimal transportation A differential point of view on optimal transportation Entropy production and transportation inequalities Problems Bibliography Table of short statements Index.
Hydrogen Zeolite Y, Ultrastable Zeolite Y, and Aluminum-Deficient Zeolites (1973)

During the past decade, the literature has become fraught with confusion regarding hydrogen, "decationized," and "decationated" zeolites and their various physical, chemical, and catalytic properties. A chronological review is presented of the development of understanding of the natures of true, normal hydrogen zeolites and the so-called ultrastable varieties, with particular emphasis on zeolite Y. A survey of the chemical, physical, and catalytic properties of these materials is presented together with a resumé of the state of knowledge of aluminum-deficient zeolites.
The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

A new type of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks recently in China and spreads into many other countries. This disease, named as COVID-19, is similar to patients infected by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and nearly 20% of patients developed severe condition. Cardiac injury is a prevalent complication of severe patients, exacerbating the disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the key host cellular receptor of SARS-CoV-2, has been identified in multiple organs, but its cellular distribution in human heart is not illuminated clearly. This study performed the first state-of-art single cell atlas of adult human heart, and revealed that pericytes with high expression of ACE2 might act as the target cardiac cell of SARS-CoV-2. The pericytes injury due to virus infection may result in capillary endothelial cells dysfunction, inducing microvascular dysfunction. And patients with basic heart failure disease showed increased ACE2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, meaning that if infected by the virus these patients may have higher risk of heart attack and critically ill condition. The finding of this study explains the high rate of severe cases among COVID-19 patients with basic cardiovascular disease; and these results also perhaps provide important reference to clinical treatment of cardiac injury among severe patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.
A New Watermarking Scheme For Colour Images Captured By Mobile Phone Cameras (2009)

Summary A new frequency domain based watermarking scheme for colour images captured by mobile phone cameras is proposed. The proposed technique embeds personal mobile phone numbers inside the image. The aim of the scheme is to protect the copy right ownership of the image. Each bit of the decimal digits is inserted onto one low frequency coefficient of one of the DCT blocks of the host image. A DCT coefficient selection (DCS) process has been applied to increase the invisibility qualities, this process managed to find the coefficient with the maximum magnitude. Different embedding location depending on the spatial frequencies of the host image will be selected. The proposed algorithm achieves a high PSNR values and is found to be robust against JPEG compression and different image manipulation algorithms.
Fehlergrößenermittlung mit Ultraschall (1959)

Vorschläge zur Vereinheitlichung von Ultraschall‐Prüfbefunden für die Aufstellung von Richtreihen und Vorschriften durch Zuordnung von Ersatzfehlergrößen zu kleinen Fehlstellen auf Grund ihrer Echohöhe. Durchführbarkeit des Verfahrens mit beliebigen Geräten, Prüfköpfen, Frequenzen und einer Platte aus dem Werkstoff des Prüflings als Bezugskörper. Ermittlung von Fehlergrößen im Fernfeld und im Nahfeld. Anwendung von Prüfköpfen besonderer Bauart bei der Durchführung des Verfahrens im Nahfeld. Berücksichtigung, des Einflusses gekrümmter Oberflächen.