gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
G-CSF and neuroprotection: a therapeutic perspective in cerebral ischaemia (2006)

In several experimental studies of cerebral ischaemia, G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) exerted neuroprotective effects through different mechanisms, including mobilization of haemopoietic stem cells, anti-apoptosis, neuronal differentiation, angiogenesis and anti-inflammation. Hence, G-CSF not only inhibits neuron death, but also generates 'new' neural tissue formation. A small pilot trial reports on the safety and feasibility of G-CSF therapy in stroke patients. According to this evidence, we can speculate that G-CSF, being used either alone or in combination with another agent, should have a dual activity beneficial both to acute neuronal protection and long-term plasticity after cerebral ischaemia, thus proposing that G-CSF is an ideal new drug for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
Aromatic substitution. 47. Acid-catalyzed transfer nitration of aromatics with N-nitropyrazole, a convenient new nitrating agent (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic substitution. 47. Acid-catalyzed transfer nitration of aromatics with N-nitropyrazole, a convenient new nitrating agentGeorge A. Olah, Subhash C. Narang, and Alexander P. FungCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 13, 2706–2709Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00326a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00326a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views769Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthetic heparin fragments: new and efficient tools for the study of heparin and its interactions. (1984)

In order to investigate the specificity of heparin-antithrombin binding and to precisely define the nature of the structural requirements in heparin, we have synthesized several oligosaccharides and have assessed their affinity for antithrombin. These compounds are also very useful for the investigation of heparin structure as they provide valuable standards to calibrate new techniques used in structural studies.
Graph-based comparison of Executable Objects (2005)

Résumé A method to construct an optimal isomorphism between the sets of instructions, sets of basic blocks and sets of functions in two differing but similar executables is presented. This isomorphism can be used for porting recovered information between different disassemblies, recover changes made by security updates and detect code theft. The most interesting applications in the realm of security are in malware analysis where the analysis of a family of trojans or viruses can be reduced to analyzing the differences between the variants, and in recovering the details of fixed vulnerabilities when the vendor of the security patch refuses to disclose details. A framework implementing the described methods is presented, along with empirical data about it’s performance when analyzing multiple variants of the same malware and recovering vulnerability details from security updates. 1
Acid-Suppressive Medication Use and the Risk for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (2009)

In this large, hospital-based pharmacoepidemiologic cohort, acid-suppressive medication use was associated with 30% increased odds of hospital-acquired pneumonia. In subset analyses, statistically significant risk was demonstrated only for proton-pump inhibitor use.
Anti-tumor activity of safranal against neuroblastoma cells (2014)

Our pre-clinical study demonstrated a neuroblastoma cell line to be highly sensitive to safranal-mediated growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death. Although the molecular mechanisms of safranal action are not yet clearly understood, it appears to have potential as a therapeutic agent.
Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide from Hydroxyhydroquinone and Its Inhibition by Superoxide Dismutase. (2001)

Hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ) (1,2,4-benzenetriol), one of the metabolites of benzene and a component in roasted coffee beans, generated a 0.5-0.6 equimolar amount of hydrogen peroxide in a neutral solution by consuming dissolved oxygen. The consumption of dissolved oxygen and production of hydrogen peroxide by HHQ were greater than those by pyrogallol (1,2,3-benzenetriol), and much greater than those by hydroquinone and chlorogenic acid. Consumption of dissolved oxygen and generation of hydrogen peroxide by HHQ, and decomposition of HHQ were completely inhibited by Cu, Zn-, Mn- and Fe-superoxide dismutase (SOD). HHQ generated the semiquinone radical(s) as assessed by electron spin resonance studies, and also the colored quinoid forms of HHQ as assessed by colorimetry. SOD also inhibited the formation of the semiquinone radical(s) and the quinoid forms of HHQ. The results indicate that superoxide plays an important role as a catalyst in the generation of hydrogen peroxide from HHQ in a neutral solution.
Extracting the temperature distribution on a phase-change memory cell during crystallization (2016)

Phase-change memory (PCM) devices are enabled by amorphization- and crystallization-induced changes in the devices' electrical resistances. Amorphization is achieved by melting and quenching the active volume using short duration electrical pulses (∼ns). The crystallization (set) pulse duration, however, is much longer and depends on the cell temperature reached during the pulse. Hence, the temperature-dependent crystallization process of the phase-change materials at the device level has to be well characterized to achieve fast PCM operations. A main challenge is determining the cell temperature during crystallization. Here, we report extraction of the temperature distribution on a lateral PCM cell during a set pulse using measured voltage-current characteristics and thermal modelling. The effect of the thermal properties of materials on the extracted cell temperature is also studied, and a better cell design is proposed for more accurate temperature extraction. The demonstrated study provides promising results for characterization of the temperature-dependent crystallization process within a cell.
A Simple Method for Amplifying RNA Targets (SMART) (2012)

We present a novel and simple method for amplifying RNA targets (named by its acronym, SMART), and for detection, using engineered amplification probes that overcome existing limitations of current RNA-based technologies. This system amplifies and detects optimal engineered ssDNA probes that hybridize to target RNA. The amplifiable probe-target RNA complex is captured on magnetic beads using a sequence-specific capture probe and is separated from unbound probe using a novel microfluidic technique. Hybridization sequences are not constrained as they are in conventional target-amplification reactions such as nucleic acid sequence amplification (NASBA). Our engineered ssDNA probe was amplified both off-chip and in a microchip reservoir at the end of the separation microchannel using isothermal NASBA. Optimal solution conditions for ssDNA amplification were investigated. Although KCl and MgCl(2) are typically found in NASBA reactions, replacing 70 mmol/L of the 82 mmol/L total chloride ions with acetate resulted in optimal reaction conditions, particularly for low but clinically relevant probe concentrations (≤100 fmol/L). With the optimal probe design and solution conditions, we also successfully removed the initial heating step of NASBA, thus achieving a true isothermal reaction. The SMART assay using a synthetic model influenza DNA target sequence served as a fundamental demonstration of the efficacy of the capture and microfluidic separation system, thus bridging our system to a clinically relevant detection problem.
SARS' power to gather information : tax (2013)

An important issue that arises when a taxpayer is approached by the South African Revenue Service (SARS) with a request to provide information is the extent of SARS' information gathering powers. This article considers the impact of the recently effective Tax Administration Act (28 of 2011 (TAA)) on the scope of SARS' information-gathering powers and what relief is available to taxpayers in this regard.
An area-efficient Euclidean algorithm block for Reed-Solomon decoder (2003)

This paper presents a new area-efficient architecture to implement the Euclidean algorithm, which is frequently used in Reed-Solomon decoders. The RS (255,239) decoder using the Euclidean algorithm has been implemented with 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with a supply voltage of 1.1 V. We investigate hardware complexity, clock frequency and data processing rate for this Euclidean algorithm block. The results show that the total number of gates is about 44,700 and it has a data processing rate of 2.4 Gbits/s at a clock frequency of 300 MHz. As compared to the other RS decoders, it gains significant improvements in hardware complexity and latency.
Relationship between testosterone and erectile dysfunction. (2000)

Although erectile function is clearly androgen dependent, is it just as clear at what level of testosterone erectile dysfunction (ED) begins? Does the decline in testosterone that occurs with aging always produce ED? Are exogenous androgens the answer to ED? The answers range from clear to complex.
A Ferrous Center as Reaction Site for Hydration of a Nitrile Group into a Carboxamide in Mild Conditions (2008)

Mild conversion of the nitrile substituent into an amide functional group is observed upon coordination of CNTPA [CNTPA = (6-cyano 2-pyridylmethyl)bis(2-pyridylmethyle)amine] to FeCl2 followed by reaction with water. The crystal structure of CNTPAFeCl2 is reported and reveals that the nitrile group does not coordinate but is activated in the vicinity of the ferrous center. Upon treatment with water under anaerobic conditions, CNTPAFeCl2 converts into H2NCOTPAFeCl2, [H2NCOTPA = (6-carboxamido 2-pyridylmethyl)bis(2-pyridylmethyle)amine], the X-ray crystal structure of which is reported. The new ligand H2NCOTPA can easily be obtained upon decomplexation.
A Comparative Analysis of Three Consumer Decision Strategies (1975)

Journal Article A Comparative Analysis of Three Consumer Decision Strategies Get access J. Paul Peter, J. Paul Peter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lawrence X. Tarpey, Sr. Lawrence X. Tarpey, Sr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 2, Issue 1, June 1975, Pages 29–37, https://doi.org/10.1086/208613 Published: 01 June 1975
High frequency buried heterostructure 1.5 μm GaInAsP/InP lasers, grown entirely by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy in two epitaxial growth steps (1988)

A new high frequency buried heterostructure laser is described and fabricated using two epitaxial growth steps, grown entirely by atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy. The lasers are made with non-re-entrant mesas with the active layer narrowed to 1–2 μm by a selective etch to ensure operation in the lowest order transverse mode. The regrowth with Fe doped semi-insulating InP fills in the etched slots adjacent to the active layer and planarises the structure. The non-re-entrant mesa eliminates the anomalous rapid growth in MOVPE at the edges of the re-entrant mesas. The lasers have thresholds of 20 mA and quantum efficiencies of 46% with good linearity up to 10 mW. The laser shows a small signal microwave bandwidth of 5.8 GHz at 5mW.
In the face of pain: The choice of visual cues in pain conditioning matters (2017)

We compared different types of neutral cues commonly used in conditioning paradigms and found that faces elicited a stronger, more robust nonconscious effect than abstract images or pseudo-words.
Characteristic Comparison Between the Spiral and the Lamination Stator in Axial Field Slotless Machines (2009)

In order to compare the characteristic according to the use of the spiral or the lamination stator in an axial field slotless machine, this paper experimentally introduces the comparison of the electromagnetic and mechanical characteristic, such as phase back-EMF, core loss, frequency response function (FRF) characteristic, resonant frequency, and sound pressure level (SPL). From the comparison, this research is usefully used to select of stator type on the initial design stage of axial flux type machines.
II.—The Cooling of the Soil at Night, with Special Reference to Late Spring Frosts (II) (1921)

In my previous paper to the Society on the same subject I came to the conclusion that the temperature of the surface of open cultivated soil fell rapidly at the beginning of a calm clear night until it was such a number of degrees below the temperature at the 4-in. depth as to make the upward conduction from that depth to the surface balance the radiation. After this stage was reached the surface and 4-in. temperatures fell at the same rate. If, therefore, the temperatures of the surface and 4-in. depth and the conductivity of the layer of soil between the 4-in. depth and the surface were known from readings of electrical resistance thermometers, and the rate of radiation was calculated from the value of the relative humidity, I suggested that it might be possible to forecast the minimum soil temperature for a calm clear night as early as the previous afternoon.
Study of P(AM-NVP-DMDA) hydrophobically associating water-soluble terpolymer (1999)

A new kind of hydrophobically associating water-soluble terpolymer P(AM-NVP-DMDA) was synthesized by free radical terpolymerization. Compared with micellar terpolymerization, this terpolymerization can be conducted in aqueous solution in absence of external surfactant, because the hydrophobic monomer is surface active. Synthesis, structure, and solution properties of P(AM-NVP-DMDA) terpolymer were studied, including its electrolyte effect, rheological behavior, temperature dependence of viscosity, dilute solution property, and the polymer–alkali, polymer–surfactant interaction. The terpolymer shows strong hydrophobic effect, and the terpolymer aqueous brine solution exhibits high viscosity at low polymer concentration. Incorporation of N-vinyl-pyrrolidone into the terpolymer causes an improvement in thermal stability of the terpolymer. The transmission electron photomicrograph analysis of the terpolymer indicates that the presence of the microphase separation of the terpolymer in aqueous solution plays an important role in the viscosification efficiency of the terpolymer. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 211–217, 1999
Photochemical upconversion in water (2017)

A major challenge remaining in photochemical upconversion lies in identifying appropriate chromophore combinations that function in pure water in the absence of hydrophobic hosts or surfactant additives. The current investigation achieves this goal using combinations of water soluble Ru(ii) metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) sensitizers in concert with 9-anthracenecarboxylate (AnCO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) and 1-pyrenecarboxylate (PyCO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) in neat H<sub>2</sub>O.
Billion-Gate Secure Computation with Malicious Adversaries (2012)

The goal of this paper is to assess the feasibility of two-party secure computation in the presence of a malicious adversary. Prior work has shown the feasibility of billion-gate circuits in the semi-honest model, but only the 35k-gate AES circuit in the malicious model, in part because security in the malicious model is much harder to achieve. We show that by incorporating the best known techniques and parallelizing almost all steps of the resulting protocol, evaluating billion-gate circuits is feasible in the malicious model. Our results are in the standard model (i.e., no common reference strings or PKIs) and, in contrast to prior work, we do not use the random oracle model which has well-established theoretical shortcomings. 1
Effects of Particle Size and Formaldehyde Treatment of Soybean Meal on Milk Production and Composition for Dairy Cows (1984)

Twenty-four lactating dairy cattle were used to study the effects of formaldehyde treatment and reduction of particle size of soybean meal on milk production and composition. Cows were fed diets containing one of the following soybean meals: 1) untreated, coarse; 2) untreated, fine; 3) formaldehyde-treated, fine. Formaldehyde reduced the solubility of soybean meal protein from 22.7 to 2.9%. Grinding soybean meal reduced particle size from 842 to 249 micron. Formaldehyde treatment did not affect intake or milk production but resulted in higher efficiency of milk production (1.43 versus 1.46 kg fat-corrected milk/kg dry matter intake). Milk protein (3.08 versus 2.85%) and solids-not-fat (8.51 versus 8.35%) contents were reduced by formaldehyde. Cows fed fine soybean meal had higher dry matter intakes (22.0 versus 20.8 kg dry matter/day) and gained more body weight; however, milk production was not affected by particle size. Grinding soybean meal reduced production efficiency (1.47 versus 1.42 kg milk/kg dry matter intake) and milk fat (3.70 versus 3.33%). Lack of production response and reduced milk protein from formaldehyde treatment suggests possible overprotection of protein. Fine grinding of soybean meal appeared to favor body weight gain rather than milk production.
Non-Analgesic Effects of Opioids: Peripheral Opioid Effects on Inflammation and Wound Healing (2012)

Opioids are the gold standard for pain treatment but systemic opioid use is accompanied by central and intestinal side effects. As opioid receptors are expressed on peripheral sensory nerve endings, cutaneous and immune cells, local opioid application is being used for pain reduction in patients with inflammatory lesions such as burns, skin grafts, arthritis, acute or chronic wounds. In addition, peripherally active opioids have anti-inflammatory effects and can modulate wound healing. This review will cover anatomical, physiological and pathophysiological characteristics of opioid receptors and their ligands in peripheral tissues. We will then focus on mechanisms and the functional role of peripheral opioids in inflammation and wounds in experimental and clinical studies. Controversial results, methodological issues, implications for pharmacology, and therapeutic prospects for inflammatory diseases and wound healing will be discussed.
Electronic and optical properties of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> thin films grown on Si substrate (2010)

The electronic and optical properties of Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 dielectric thin films grown on Si(1 0 0) by the atomic layer deposition method were studied by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS). The band gaps of the Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 thin films before annealing and after annealing were 6.5 eV and 7.5 eV, respectively, and those of the γ-Al 2 O 3 and α-Al 2 O 3 phases were 7.1 eV and 8.4 eV, respectively. All of these were estimated from the onset values of the REELS spectra. The dielectric functions were determined by comparing the effective cross-section determined from experimental REELS with a rigorous model calculation based on dielectric response theory, using available software packages. The determined energy loss function obtained from the Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 thin films before annealing showed a broad peak at 22.7 eV, which moved to the γ-Al 2 O 3 position at 24.3 eV after annealing. The optical properties were determined from the dielectric function. The optical properties of the Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 thin films after annealing were in good agreement with those of γ-Al 2 O 3 . The changes in band gap, electronic and optical properties of the Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 thin films after annealing indicated a phase transition from an amorphous phase to the γ-Al 2 O 3 phase after annealing.
A Transparent IPv6 Multi-protocol Gateway to Integrate Building Automation Systems in the Internet of Things (2012)

The future Internet of Things (IoT) should enable machine-to-machine interaction for devices out of numerous domains. Recent developments and standards focus on how to deploy IP directly on devices and investigate application protocols that fit the constrained environments, whereas research on the integration of widely deployed legacy devices of technologies like BACnet, Lon Works and KNX is still neglected. For a success of the ambitions towards an IoT we identify it of highest importance to research various integration styles for non-IP based devices already deployed in home and building automation. Therefore, this paper contributes an overview of various possible integration styles, provides a concrete multi-protocol integration architecture and presents evaluation results of a proof of concept implementation.
An ultra wide-band system for RF Energy harvesting (2011)

RF - Radio Frequency Energy harvesting technique is an emerging as environmental energy sources, which form a promising alternative to existing energy resources. In the wireless power transmission, one of the most important components is the rectifying antenna, called rectenna in the open literature. It is composed by a receiving antenna and a circuit to convert radio frequency to direct current (RF-DC) [1–3] For realizing an efficient wireless power transmission system, the rectenna must be designed with high RF-DC conversion efficiency. In order to increase the power density harvested from the environment, a broadband system will be implemented and considered in the paper. To the best of our knowledge, no similar contribution can be found on the literature [4–7].
An Application on Text Classification Based on Granular Computing (2014)

Machine learning is the key to text classification, a granular computing approach to machine learning is applied to learning classification rules by considering the two basic issues: concept formation and concept relationships identification. In this paper, we concentrate on the selection of a single granule in each step to construct a granule network. A classification rule induction method is proposed.
High-Speed Memory from Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors with High-κ Gate Dielectric (2009)

We demonstrate 100 ns write/erase speed of single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (SWCNT-FET) memory elements. With this high operation speed, SWCNT-FET memory elements can compete with state of the art commercial Flash memories in this figure of merit. The endurance of the memory elements is shown to exceed 104 cycles. The SWCNT-FETs have atomic layer deposited hafnium oxide as a gate dielectric, and the devices are passivated by another hafnium oxide layer in order to reduce surface chemistry effects. We discuss a model where the hafnium oxide has defect states situated above, but close in energy to, the band gap of the SWCNT. The fast and efficient charging and discharging of these defects is a likely explanation for the observed operation speed of 100 ns which greatly exceeds the SWCNT-FET memory speeds of 10 ms observed earlier for devices with conventional gate oxides.