gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Heart Rate and the Severity of Motion Sickness Caused by Optokinetic Stimulation (2001)

Heart rate has been reported to increase during nausea and has therefore been used as an indicator of motion sickness. However, the relationship between heart rate and subjective ratings of motion sickness has received little attention, and the autonomic origins of any increase in heart rate during motion sickness are unknown. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability can quantify the degree of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, as reflected by the low frequency (LF) power and high frequency (HF) power components, and the ratio of LF:HF power (“autonomic balance”). This experiment investigated changes in heart rate and heart rate variability prior to and during the development of nausea. Forty subjects (20 male, 20 female) sat within an optokinetic drum (a visual stimulus) rotating at 5 rpm for a maximum of 32 minutes. Heart rates, measures of heart rate variability, and ratings of sickness were recorded during a resting pre-exposure period and during optokinetic stimulation. Heart rates increased significantly with increasing subjective ratings of sickness (P < .001). This appeared to be attributable to a net increase in sympathetic stimulation of the heart, (P < .05). Sickness ratings were greater for females than males (P = .09), consistent with a significantly greater history of motion sickness reported by females than males over the previous 12 months (P < .02). The findings suggest that a simple measure of heart rate may be a useful indicator of small changes in the degree of sickness that can be of interest in motion sickness research.
A singular perturbation approach for choosing PageRank damping factor (2006)

The choice of the PageRank damping factor is not evident. The Google's choice for the value c=0.85 was a compromise between the true reflection of the Web structure and numerical efficiency. However, the Markov random walk on the original Web Graph does not reflect the importance of the pages because it absorbs in dead ends. Thus, the damping factor is needed not only for speeding up the computations but also for establishing a fair ranking of pages. In this paper, we propose new criteria for choosing the damping factor, based on the ergodic structure of the Web Graph and probability flows. Specifically, we require that the core component receives a fair share of the PageRank mass. Using singular perturbation approach we conclude that the value c=0.85 is too high and suggest that the damping factor should be chosen around 1/2. As a by-product, we describe the ergodic structure of the OUT component of the Web Graph in detail. Our analytical results are confirmed by experiments on two large samples of the Web Graph.
Deepwater pipeline recovery (1997)

The paper gives a presentation of the tooling concepts used for the recovery of steel and flexible flowlines in the Gulf of Mexico Shell Tahoe I area in the summer of 1996 in 1,370 ft. of sea water. This offshore operation required a Global Grabber to engage and retrieve 4 1/2-in. steel pipelines, an ROV Pipeline Spear to internally engage the end of the 4 1/2-in. steel pipelines, and a FlexGrip Assembly to wrap and grab 5.566-in. OD flexible pipe. The design of the tooling emphasized the use of API 17D ROV interfaces.
Stacking-Fault Energies of GaAs (1993)

Transmission electron microscopy is used to determine the dissociation width of extended dislocations in n-, si-, and p-GaAs. Results obtained by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and the weak-beam technique (WB) are compared. Reasons for the differences between the results obtained from WB and HRTEM and their influence on the determination of the stacking-fault energy are discussed. The results are compared with previous investigations, which show a wide scatter of results despite the fact, that the stacking-fault energy is an intrinsic material property. A number of parameters, such as the defect used for the determination, localization of the partial-dislocation cores and the electrical characteristics of the material are considered to explain the discrepancies. Die Aufspaltung von Versetzungen in n-, si- and p-GaAs wird mittels Elektronenmikroskopie (Hochauflösungs- und weak-beam-Abbildung) untersucht. Unterschiedliche Ergebnisse aus beiden Methoden und ihr Einfluß auf die Bestimmung der Stapelfehlerenergie werden erörtert. Der Vergleich mit früheren Arbeiten ergibt eine weite Streuung der Ergebnisse, obwohl die Stapelfehlerenergie eine Materialkonstante ist. Einflüsse unterschiedlicher Faktoren, z. B. der Typ des untersuchten Defektes, die Defekterzeugung, die Delokalisierung des Kerns der Partialversetzungen und elektrische Eigenschaften der Versetzungen werden betrachtet, um die Abweichungen zu erklären.
Practicing The Cutting-Edge In Classroom Innovation (2011)

Russ Mullen has seen 14,000 students move through his classrooms since he joined the agronomy faculty in 1978. Of those, 10,000 were in the introductory agronomy course, which he has been teaching for more than 30 years. "This is the course and students that continue to motivate me the most," says Mullen. "It has given me a creative opportunity to innovate in teaching methods and improve learning tools for students." "Emphasis is placed on individualized learning rather than large group instruction with one-on-one instruction in a learning center," he says. "Students have flexibility in structuring their learning and quizzing schedule, using a variety of tools such as computer-based video, practice learning and hands-on demonstrations." Students also apply their learning by discussing and troubleshooting agronomic problems in weekly small group sessions.
Practical and Efficient Lock-Free Garbage Collection Based on Reference Counting (2005)

We present an efficient and practical lock-free implementation of a garbage collection scheme based on reference counting aimed for the use with arbitrary lock-free dynamic data structures. The scheme guarantees the safety of local as well as global references, supports arbitrary memory reuse, uses atomic primitives which are available in modern computer systems and provides an upper bound on the memory prevented for reuse. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first lock-free algorithm that provides all of these properties. Experimental results indicate significant performance improvements for lock-free data structures that require strong garbage collection.
스포츠사회학 : 21C 직장인의 복지증진을 위한 사회체육 및 여가 Program Model 개발 연구 (1999)

본 연구는 21C 직장인의 복지증진을 위한 사회체육 및 여가 프로그램 모델 개발을 위해 직장인들의 사회체육과 여가에 대한 참여실태 및 선호유형의 조사를 통하여 직장인의 삶의 질 및 생산성이 향상 될 수 있는 프로그램 모델을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다.
연구의 대상은 전국을 모집단(서울, 부산, 대구, 대전, 광주, 인천, 제주, 전주, 김천, 강릉, 춘천, 수원, 성남, 마산, 울산, 진주, 포항 외 9개 소도시 지역)으로 설정, 체계적 유층 집락 무선표집(systematic stratified cluster random sampling)을 이용하여 총 5486명(남:2764, 여:2722)을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다.
그리고 이 결과를 직장인의 여가 대상, 여가 활동 종류, 여가 방해요인, 그리고 스포츠 선호 종목에 따라 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다.
첫째, 직장인의 여가시간에 함께 보내는 대상은 남성의 경우 연령이 증가할수록 가족을 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 반면에 여성의 경우 연령에 상관없이 여가시간의 대상이 가족이 가장 높게 나타났다. 그리고, 성별에 관계없이 연령이 증가함에 따라 친목단체가 여가시간의 대상이 되는 것으로 나타났다.
둘째, 직장인의 여가 활동 종류는 남성의 경우 직종에 관계없이 등산을 가장 많이 하고 있으며, 특히 판매·서비스업의 종사자들은 휴식이나 잠을 여가 활동으로 보내고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 경영 관리직의 종사자들은 다른 직종에 비해 여가 활동으로 골프를 많이 이용하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 여성의 경우 모든 직종에서 소풍·야유회와 가정·정원 가꾸기가 가장 많이 하는 여가 활동으로 나타났다.
셋째, 직장인의 여가활동 방해 요소에 대한 조사에서 성별과 직업에 관계없이 시간부족과 경비부족이 가장 큰 원인으로 나타났다.
넷째, 직장인의 스포츠 선호 종목에 대한 조사에 의하면 남성의 경우 모든 직종에서 골프를 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 전문직과 공무원의 경우는 승마의 선호도가, 영업직 및 생산직은 스킨스쿠버의 선호도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 여성의 경우에도 직업과 관계없이 모두 골프를 선호하지만, 공무원의 경우 수영을, 관리직은 스킨스쿠버를, 영업직 및 생산직은 태권도를 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.
다섯째, 직장인들의 직무만족, 복지증진, 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위한 스포츠 및 여가활동 프로그램 모델로 참가의 목적, 프로그램의 선택 과정, 프로그램 실행, 피드백을 통해 재실행하는 네 단계로 구성하였다.
Counting People With Low-Level Features and Bayesian Regression (2011)

An approach to the problem of estimating the size of inhomogeneous crowds, which are composed of pedestrians that travel in different directions, without using explicit object segmentation or tracking is proposed. Instead, the crowd is segmented into components of homogeneous motion, using the mixture of dynamic-texture motion model. A set of holistic low-level features is extracted from each segmented region, and a function that maps features into estimates of the number of people per segment is learned with Bayesian regression. Two Bayesian regression models are examined. The first is a combination of Gaussian process regression with a compound kernel, which accounts for both the global and local trends of the count mapping but is limited by the real-valued outputs that do not match the discrete counts. We address this limitation with a second model, which is based on a Bayesian treatment of Poisson regression that introduces a prior distribution on the linear weights of the model. Since exact inference is analytically intractable, a closed-form approximation is derived that is computationally efficient and kernelizable, enabling the representation of nonlinear functions. An approximate marginal likelihood is also derived for kernel hyperparameter learning. The two regression-based crowd counting methods are evaluated on a large pedestrian data set, containing very distinct camera views, pedestrian traffic, and outliers, such as bikes or skateboarders. Experimental results show that regression-based counts are accurate regardless of the crowd size, outperforming the count estimates produced by state-of-the-art pedestrian detectors. Results on 2 h of video demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the regression-based crowd size estimation over long periods of time.
Detection of Duck Enteritis Virus by Polymerase Chain Reaction (1998)

Duck enteritis virus (DEV), a herpesvirus, is the causative agent of duck viral enteritis in free-flying, feral, and domesticated members of the Anatidae family. HindIII-digested DEV DNA was cloned into the plasmid pBluescript, and a 1.95-kb fragment was sequenced. This fragment codes for the 3' region of the DEV homologues of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame (ORF) UL6 and the 5' region of VZV UL7. Alignment of the putative peptide fragments for DEV UL6 and UL7 showed a 64% and 37% identity with VZV UL6 and UL7, respectively. Primers located in the highly conserved domain of the UL6 gene were used for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, which was able to amplify DEV DNA. The PCR assay also amplified DEV DNA from the original outbreak samples and/or after passage in Muscovy duck embryos.
Surface morphologies and photoluminescence of diamond films deposited in a hot filament reactor (1991)

A diamond film made of (100)-oriented diamond crystallites has relatively flat surfaces in parallel with the silicon surface. This is desirable because it provides a smoother surface of the diamond film. The difficulty in retaining the (100)-oriented diamond crystallites is strongly influenced by the growth temperature. This paper reports the results from a study on the surface morphologies of diamond films deposited in a hot filament reactor at reduced substrate temperature compared to that deposited at higher temperature.
Diazepam inhibits retroactive interference of memory in humans: pretreatment with naltrexone does not alter this effect. (1990)

1. In a double-blind study of the effects of diazepam and naltrexone on retroactive memory interference, 88 healthy human volunteers were asked to study a text on the 1954 World Soccer Cup and were submitted to a written questionnaire on the material 48 h later. Three hours after reading the text, 58 of the subjects were exposed to a non-factual, derogatory comment on the World Cup. 2. All subjects were given either placebo or naltrexone (50 mg) before reading the text, and either placebo or diazepam (5 mg), per os, 2 h after reading the text (1 h prior to the comment). Subjects were assigned to the different treatment groups by a double-blind design. 3. Exposure to the derogatory comment caused retroactive memory interference with the retention of material from the text. Diazepam blocked the retroactive interference and had no effect of its own on retention of the text. Pretreatment with naltrexone did not influence retention, retrograde interference, or the effect of diazepam on these variables. 4. The results obtained here extend to healthy adult humans observations made on rats and mice in which diazepam blocked retroactive memory interference.
Contribution of Sinerem® used as blood‐pool contrast agent: Detection of cerebral blood volume changes during apnea in the rabbit (1996)

The authors suggest that ultra-small paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles used as blood pool contrast agents may increase the sensitivity of midfield MRI (i.e., less than 1.5 Tesla) to physiological variations in cerebral blood volume. This hypothesis was tested on a rabbit model of apnea which increases pCO2 and cerebral blood volume. Using Sinerern as the USPIO at a blood concentration of 60 mumol Iron/kg body weight, an 8% T2*-weighted signal decrease could be observed at 1.0 T with 25-33% increase in pCO2. Comparatively, in the absence of USPIO, T2*-weighted signal dropped only 4% during apnea and after mild hyperoxygenation beforehand, due to increased deoxyhemoglobin content. These preliminary data suggest that USPIOs could play an important role in functional MRI at midfield strength, by sensitizing the signal to cerebral blood volume changes.
Quantitative Determination of Ascorbate from the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by HPLC (2016)

Ascorbate (Asc, also called vitamin C) is of vital importance to the cellular functions of both animals and plants. During evolution, Asc has become one of the most abundant metabolites in seed plants; however, Asc contents in cyanobacteria, green algae and bryophytes are very low. Here we describe a sensitive and reliable HPLC method for the quantitative determination of cellular Asc content in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Creme tópico de capsaicina (8%) para o tratamento da síndrome da dor miofascial (2019)

Application of the formulations did not cause macroscopic acute or chronic skin lesions in patients, and the 8% capsaicin formulation was beneficial and well tolerated.
Type-III effectors: Sophisticated bacterial virulence factors (2005)

Bacterial pathogens cause a wide spectrum of diseases in human and other animals. Some virulence factors, which are referred to as effectors, are directly translocated into the host cell via an injection apparatus, i.e., the type-III secretion system. Most effectors mimic host molecules, and translocated effectors are thereby able to perturb or modulate host cell signaling, cytoskeletal rearrangement, vesicular traffic, and autophagy, thus eliciting disease. Effectors are roughly classified among exotoxins, but in most cases, their functions are exerted focally when they are translocated into the host cell.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Alters Cellular Signal Cascades in Human Nasopharyngeal Epithelial Cells (2006)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent infection is a critical event in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumorigenesis. EBV-encoded genes have been shown to be involved in immune evasion and in the regulation of various cellular signaling cascades. To elucidate the roles of EBV in NPC development, stable infection of EBV in nasopharyngeal epithelial cell lines was established. Similar to primary tumors of NPC, these infected cells exhibited a type II EBV latency expression pattern. In this study, multiple cellular signaling pathways in EBV-infected cells were investigated. We first demonstrated that in vitro EBV infection resulted in the activation of STAT3 and NFkappaB signal cascades in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Increased expression of their downstream targets (c-Myc, Bcl-xL, IL-6, LIF, SOCS-1, SOCS-3, VEGF, and COX-2) was also observed. Moreover, EBV latent infection induced the suppression of p38-MAPK activities, but did not activate PKR cascade. Our findings suggest that EBV latent infection is able to manipulate multiple cellular signal cascades to protect infected cells from immunologic attack and to facilitate cancer development.
Strategic Pricing of New Pharmaceuticals (1998)

This paper provides empirical evidence on the leading factors affecting the prices of new pharmaceuticals, both at introduction and after 4, 6, and 8 years. Most important is the extent of therapeutic advance embodied in a new product. For drugs which represent important therapeutic gains, launch prices can be two or three times those of existing drugs used for the same purposes, while drugs that largely duplicate the actions of currently available products are typically priced at comparable levels. In addition, the number of branded substitutes has a substantial negative effect on launch prices, which reflects the importance of competitive pressures. Duplicate products thereby play an important economic role in pharmaceutical markets.
Anti-Her-2/neu antibody induces apoptosis in Her-2/neu overexpressing breast cancer cells independently from p53 status (2001)

Anti-Her-2/neu antibody is known to induce apoptosis in HER-2/neu overexpressing breast cancer cells. However, exact regulatory mechanisms mediating and controlling this phenomenon are still unknown. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of anti-Her-2/neu antibody on apoptosis of HER-2/neu overexpressing human breast cancer cell lines SK-BR-3, HTB-24, HTB-25, HTB-27, HTB-128, HTB-130 and HTB-131 in relation to p53 genotype and bcl-2 status. SK-BR-3, HTB-24, HTB-128 and HTB-130 cells exhibited mutant p53, whereas wild type p53 was found in HTB-25, HTB-27 and HTB-131 cells. All seven cell lines weakly expressed bcl-2 protein (10-20%). Anti-Her-2/neu antibody, irrespective of p53 and bcl-2 status, induced apoptosis in all 7 cell lines dose- and time-dependently and correlated with Her-2/neu overexpression. In addition, incubation of cell lines with anti-Her-2/neu antibody did not alter p53 or bcl-2 expression. Anti-HER-2/neu antibody did not induce apoptosis in HER-2/neu negative HBL-100 and HTB-132 cell lines. Our results indicate that within the panel of tested breast cancer cell lines, anti-Her-2/neu antibody-induced apoptosis was independent from the presence of intact p53.
Traveling salesman heuristics and embedding dimension in the Hopfield model (1989)

The author discusses methods for improving performance of the Hopfield-Tank quadratic minimization approach to the traveling salesman problem (TSP). A wide range of geometric (e.g. convex-hull based) topological and cutting-plane heuristics are investigated. The author also investigated performance for non-Euclidean and nonmetrizable TSPs using a new concept of embedding dimension. Implications concerning the nature of the Hopfield energy surface are discussed. It is concluded that the Hopfield-Tank formulation is not so robust as might be hoped; however, it remains well suited to many important applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toxicity of alpha-ketoglutarate following 14-days repeated oral administration in Wistar rats. (2011)

Oral treatment of alpha-ketoglutarate (A-KG) is known to antagonise experimental cyanide poisoning in rodents. Maximum protective efficacy of A-KG has been observed at a dose of 2.0 g kg-1 body weight but no acute toxicity has been observed at this dose level. As a pre-clinical regulatory requirement, sub-acute toxicity of A-KG has to be determined in two different animal species, following repeated exposure by the intended route of use. The present study reports the toxicity and No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of A-KG following 14 days repeated oral administration at low (1.0 g kg-1), middle (2.0 g kg-1) and high (4.0 g kg-1) doses of A-KG in Wistar rats. After termination of the exposure, animals were further observed for 7 days to assess the recovery pattern and residual effects. Clinical signs included diarrhoea at 4.0 g kg-1 in both the sexes and decrease in mean body weight in males. This dose also caused anaemia in females which resolved after withdrawal of treatment. In males, significant increase in absolute and relative weights of organs (adrenal, liver and kidneys) and haematological changes were observed at the end of recovery period, suggesting delayed toxic manifestations at 2.0 and 4.0 g kg-1 dose. However, these observations were not accompanied by any histological changes to suggest any toxicity of A-KG of clinical significance. The NOAEL of A-KG was determined as 1.0 g kg-1 body weight. Although A-KG is intended to treat acute cyanide poisoning, caution on dosage should be observed during its repeated administration.
Fast analytical parameters fitting of planar spiral inductors (2008)

This paper presents simple closed-form expressions for fitting measured or simulated S-parameter data to a single-pi equivalent circuit in the least-square-error sense. The presented method could be useful for quick estimation of the main equivalent parameters of a spiral inductor in a certain required frequency range. This can facilitate inductor geometry design and optimization by providing an instant insight into nature of the given S-parameters. The proposed method has been confirmed on measured S-parameters of on-chip inductor in standard CMOS technology and planar spiral inductor in package technology. The results show good agreement between the original and the fitted data.
<i>In vivo</i> reflectance‐mode confocal microscopy in clinical dermatology and cosmetology (2008)

In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging tool that allows real-time visualization of cells and structures in living skin with near histological resolution. RCM has been used for the assessment of benign and malignant lesions, showing great potential for applications in basic skin research and clinical dermatology. RCM also reveals dynamic changes in the skin over time and in response to specific stimuli, like ultraviolet exposure, which makes it a promising tool in cosmetology, as it allows repetitive sampling without biopsy collection, causing no further damage to the areas under investigation. This review summarizes the latest advances in RCM, and its applications in the characterization of both normal and pathological skin.
Passive protection studies in mice with monoclonal antibodies directed against the non-structural protein NS3 of dengue 1 virus (1990)

Antibody-mediated enhancement of dengue virus replication is thought to be a mechanism contributing to the pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Enhancement is associated with antibodies to structural components of the virus. To circumvent the problem of immune enhancement, studies to identify protective antigens of dengue virus have involved non-structural proteins. Passive and active protection against lethal dengue virus infection in mice have been demonstrated with the non-structural protein NS1. In this study, the dengue virus non-structural protein NS3 was examined in passive protection studies with monoclonal antibodies prepared against NS3 of dengue 1 virus (Hawaiian). Five monoclonal antibodies that were authenticated to be reactive to NS3 were used to immunize 13- to 14-day old mice intraperitoneally. Thereafter, the mice were challenged intracerebrally with 100 LD50 of neurotropic dengue 1 virus and the survival indices of the mice were calculated. Significant decreases in survival indices (P less than 0.05), indicating increases in survival times were observed with four of five monoclonal antibodies tested. Monoclonal antibodies to NS3 of dengue 1 virus are able to increase the survival time of mice challenged with a lethal dose of dengue 1 virus, although the mechanism remains to be defined.