gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Color normalization algorithm based on material categories (1986)

Let image intensity be measured through each of three spectral filters S , M , and L. Let each image region be mapped to a point in a color space R . If the illuminant is white, points in different quadrants of R will correspond to distinct materials. 1 Suppose that given a random collection of materials, half reflect more light in the S sample than in the M , and independently, half reflect more in the L than in the M. (Any fixed percentages will do.) Then an image under white light of a random set of materials will, when mapped into R , yield approximately the same number of points in each quadrant. If an image of random materials maps into R so that quadrants are unevenly populated, it can be inferred that the illuminant is not white. Normalization coefficients s and I can then be found so that the quadrants of the new space are equally populated. One crucial problem is that many natural images (e.g., forest scenes) do not contain a random collection of materials. The spectral crosspoint operator 2 can specify a subset of image regions more likely to represent a random set of materials than the set of all image regions (which might contain repeated materials). Normalization can then proceed with this subset.
Perceptive advertising using standardised facial features (2019)

Advertising has become the sole medium for businesses to propagate their products in the market, especially, using digital display hoardings and billboards. Today, the advertisement industry is more dynamic and widespread than ever before; thousands of products are launched every day, to cater to the changing needs and demands of its users the advertisement industry also needs to evolve. Heeding to the need for more effective advertising, this paper tries to establish the idea of perceptive advertising- a responsive advertising system based on facial recognition. This paper proposes a system that captures, identifies and analyses facial features of a person to estimate the gender (86% accuracy). The gender estimated will then be used to model another system which would display advertisements appropriate to that gender, as identified by the previous system strategy. The posited idea will make individuals the focal point of advertising, helping businesses reach the right audience with ease, eventually increasing their sales and profit. Consumers can avoid irrelevant ads and get quick access to the products and services they might need. In conclusion, the paper presents a new approach for advertising, focused on the market needs and on-the-rise smart cities with the use of Computer Vision.
Impact of BCRP/MXR, MRP1 and MDR1/P‐Glycoprotein on thermoresistant variants of atypical and classical multidrug resistant cancer cells (2001)

The impact of the ABC transporters breast cancer resistance protein/mitoxantrone resistance associated transporter (BCRP/MXR), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and multidrug resistance gene-1/P-glycoprotein (MDR1/PGP) on the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in chemoresistance and thermoresistance was investigated in the parental human gastric carcinoma cell line EPG85-257P, the atypical MDR subline EPG85-257RNOV, the classical MDR subline EPG85-257RDB and their thermoresistant counterparts EPG85-257P-TR, EPG85-257RNOV-TR and EPG85-257RDB-TR. Within the atypical MDR subline EPG85-257RNOV expression of BCRP/MXR and of MRP1 were clearly enhanced (vs. parental and classical MDR lines). MDR1/PGP expression was distinctly elevated in the classical MDR subline EPG85-257RDB (vs. parental and atypical MDR sublines). In all thermoresistant counterparts basal expression of BCRP/MXR, MRP1 and MDR1/PGP was increased relative to thermosensitive sublines. Although it could be shown that the overexpressed ABC transporters were functionally active, however, no decreased drug accumulations of doxorubicin, mitoxantrone and rhodamine 123 were observed. Thus, expression of BCRP/MXR, MRP1 and MDR1/PGP was found to be dependent on the appropriate type of chemoresistance; correlating with a classical or atypical MDR phenotype. Within the thermoresistant variants, however, the increase in ABC transporter expression did obviously not influence the MDR phenotype.
Huntington's disease: the case for genetic modifiers (2009)

For almost three decades, Huntington's disease has been a prototype for the application of genetic strategies to human disease. HD, the Huntington's disease gene, was the first autosomal defect mapped using only DNA markers, a finding in 1983 that helped to spur similar studies in many other disorders and contributed to the concept of the human genome project. The search for the genetic defect itself pioneered many mapping and gene-finding technologies, and culminated in the identification of the HD gene, its mutation and its novel protein product in 1993. Since that time, extensive investigations into the pathogenic mechanism have utilized the knowledge of the disease gene and its defect but, with notable exceptions, have rarely relied for guidance on the genetic findings in human patients to interpret the relevance of findings in non-human model systems. However, the human patient still has much to teach us through a detailed analysis of genotype and phenotype. Such studies have implicated the existence of genetic modifiers - genes whose natural polymorphic variation contributes to altering the development of Huntington's disease symptoms. The search for these modifiers, much as the search for the HD gene did in the past, offers to open new entrées into the process of Huntington's disease pathogenesis by unlocking the biochemical changes that occur many years before diagnosis, and thereby providing validated target proteins and pathways for development of rational therapeutic interventions.
Clinical and Correlative Results of SWOG S0354: A Phase II Trial of CNTO328 (Siltuximab), a Monoclonal Antibody against Interleukin-6, in Chemotherapy-Pretreated Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2010)

CNTO328 resulted in a PSA response rate of 3.8% and a RECIST stable disease rate of 23%. Declining C-reactive protein levels during treatment may reflect biological activity. Despite evidence of CNTO-mediated IL-6 inhibition, elevated baseline IL-6 levels portended a poor prognosis.
Fluoroscopic analysis of kinematics after posterior-cruciate-retaining knee arthroplasty (1995)

We used fluoroscopy to study the kinematics of the knee in 47 patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and four control subjects with normal knees while performing a single-leg deep-knee bend. The videos were analysed using still photographs taken at 5 degrees increments of flexion. Femorotibial contact points, patellar ligament rotation, and patellar rotation were calculated from each image. Maximum weight-bearing flexion was determined for each knee. Compared with the control group, posterior-cruciate-retaining TKA did not reproduce normal knee kinematics in any case, but showed a starting point posterior to the tibial midline which translated anteriorly with flexion. The curves from successive knee bends could not be consistently reproduced. Under weight-bearing conditions, the maximum flexion for any PCR TKA was 98 degrees and several patients could not flex beyond 70 degrees.
Multiple cytochrome<i>P</i>-450 genes are concomitantly regulated by vitamin A under steady-state conditions and by retinoic acid during hepatic first-pass metabolism (2010)

Vitamin A (retinol) is an essential precursor for the production of retinoic acid (RA), which in turn is a major regulator of gene expression, affecting cell differentiation throughout the body. Understanding how vitamin A nutritional status, as well as therapeutic retinoid treatment, regulates the expression of retinoid homeostatic genes is important for improvement of dietary recommendations and therapeutic strategies using retinoids. This study investigated genes central to processes of retinoid uptake and storage, release to plasma, and oxidation in the liver of rats under steady-state conditions after different exposures to dietary vitamin A (deficient, marginal, adequate, and supplemented) and acutely after administration of a therapeutic dose of all-trans-RA. Over a very wide range of dietary vitamin A, lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) as well as multiple cytochrome P-450s (CYP26A1, CYP26B1, and CYP2C22) differed by diet and were highly correlated with one another and with vitamin A status assessed by liver retinol concentration (all correlations, P < 0.05). After acute treatment with RA, the same genes were rapidly and concomitantly induced, preceding retinoic acid receptor (RAR)β, a classical direct target of RA. CYP26A1 mRNA exhibited the greatest dynamic range (change of log 2(6) in 3 h). Moreover, CYP26A1 increased more rapidly in the liver of RA-primed rats than naive rats, evidenced by increased CYP26A1 gene expression and increased conversion of [(3)H]RA to polar metabolites. By in situ hybridization, CYP26A1 mRNA was strongly regulated within hepatocytes, closely resembling retinol-binding protein (RBP)4 in location. Overall, whether RA is produced endogenously from retinol or administered exogenously, changes in retinoid homeostatic gene expression simultaneously favor both retinol esterification and RA oxidation, with CYP26A1 exhibiting the greatest dynamic change.
Synthesis and Properties of High Specific Activity DL-α-Lipoic Acid-S<sub>2</sub><sup>35</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Properties of High Specific Activity DL-α-Lipoic Acid-S235Richard C. Thomas and Lester J. ReedCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 20, 5446–5448Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01625a092https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01625a092research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Defects in Insulin Secretion and Action in Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes (1995)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with defects in insulin secretion and insulin action, and women with a history of GDM carry a high risk for the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Assessment of subjects with a history of GDM who are currently normoglycemic should help elucidate some of the underlying defects in insulin secretion or action in the evolution of NIDDM. We have studied 14 women with normal oral glucose tolerance who had a history of GDM. They were compared with a group of control subjects who were matched for both body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). All subjects underwent tests for the determination of oral glucose tolerance, ultradian oscillations in insulin secretion during a 28-h glucose infusion, insulin secretion in response to intravenous glucose, glucose disappearance after intravenous glucose (Kg), and insulin sensitivity (SI) as measured by the Bergman minimal model method. The BMI in the post-GDM women was similar to that in the control subjects (24.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 25.4 +/- 1.4 kg/m2, respectively), as was the WHR ratio (0.80 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.76 +/- 0.01, respectively). The post-GDM women were slightly older (35.2 +/- 0.9 vs. 32.1 +/- 1.4 years, P = 0.04). The fasting plasma glucose levels were significantly higher in the post-GDM group than in the control group (4.9 +/- 0.1 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, respectively, P < 0.001) and remained higher at each of the subsequent determinations during the oral glucose tolerance test, although none had a result indicative of either diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Central sensitization: a biopsychosocial explanation for chronic widespread pain in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (2006)

In addition to the debilitating fatigue, the majority of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) experience chronic widespread pain. These pain complaints show the greatest overlap between CFS and fibromyalgia (FM). Although the literature provides evidence for central sensitization as cause for the musculoskeletal pain in FM, in CFS this evidence is currently lacking, despite the observed similarities in both diseases. The knowledge concerning the physiological mechanism of central sensitization, the pathophysiology and the pain processing in FM, and the knowledge on the pathophysiology of CFS lead to the hypothesis that central sensitization is also responsible for the sustaining pain complaints in CFS. This hypothesis is based on the hyperalgesia and allodynia reported in CFS, on the elevated concentrations of nitric oxide presented in the blood of CFS patients, on the typical personality styles seen in CFS and on the brain abnormalities shown on brain images. To examine the present hypothesis more research is required. Further investigations could use similar protocols to those already used in studies on pain in FM like, for example, studies on temporal summation, spatial summation, the role of psychosocial aspects in chronic pain, etc.
Phase transformation, roughness, and microhardness of artificially aged yttria‐ and magnesia‐stabilized zirconia femoral heads (2007)

Yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic (Y-TZP) has been used in total hip arthroplasty for many years but is susceptible to low-temperature aging. Medical-grade magnesia-stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) is less commonly used; however, it has been shown to resist phase transformation. The purpose of this study was to directly compare the effects of artificial aging on phase transformation, surface roughness, and Vickers microhardness on Y-TZP and Mg-PSZ femoral heads. Y-TZP and Mg-PSZ heads were artificially aged in an autoclave in stages up to a total of 49 h. The surface roughness of Y-TZP significantly increased with each stage of artificial aging. Y-TZP heads aged for 49 h had a significantly higher monoclinic phase concentration and roughness, and a significantly lower microhardness, than nonaged Y-TZP heads. Artificial aging also caused the surface of Y-TZP to exhibit a lumpy "orange peel"-like appearance with a significantly higher mean peak height, suggesting that artificial aging causes individual grains to be pushed out of the surface. In contrast, artificial aging did not significantly affect the properties of Mg-PSZ heads. These findings suggest that Mg-PSZ is a satisfactory material for orthopaedic implant use, while Y-TZP, in the form tested, is not adequately stable for use as a bearing surface.
Synthesis and optical properties of novel compounds containing carbazole and 1, 8-naphthalimide groups (2008)

A series of novel carbazole-naphthalimide compounds with moieties capable of carrier-balance and electroluminescence were synthesised and characterised, and theirs luminescent properties had been studied.
Peptidyl Ammonium Methyl Ketones as Substrate Analog Inhibitors of Proline-Specific Peptidases (1993)

Prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) are serine enzymes cleaving highly specific prolyl peptide bonds. Both enzymes were found to be inhibited by newly designed peptidyl ammonium and pyridinium methyl ketones acting as slow binding inhibitors. The most potent inhibitor of PEP is Z-Pro-Pro-CH2N+C5H5 exhibiting a Ki* value of 1.8 nM with a first-order rate constant of Kon 0.0022 s-1 for the formation of the tight enzyme-inhibitor complex. DP IV and H-Pro-Pro-CH2N+ (CH3)3 form an enzyme-inhibitor-complex with an apparent second order rate constant of 2713 M-1 s-1. In contrast to the very stable N-terminal protected Z-Pro-Pro-CH2N+ (CH3)3, the deblocked derivative decomposes rapidly in aqueous solution.
Collagenase‐3 (matrix metalloprotease 13) is preferentially localized in the deep layer of human arthritic cartilage in situ. In vitro mimicking effect by transforming growth factor β (1997)

This study demonstrates that, in situ, the increase in the level of chondrocytes synthesizing collagenase-3 in arthritic cartilage is predominant in the deep layers. The results further indicate that TGFbeta can up-regulate the level of this enzyme and, in normal cartilage in vitro, can cause a mimicking of the in situ distribution observed in arthritic cartilage.
Texture image classification with discriminative neural networks (2016)

Texture provides an important cue for many computer vision applications, and texture image classification has been an active research area over the past years. Recently, deep learning techniques using convolutional neural networks (CNN) have emerged as the state-of-the-art: CNN-based features provide a significant performance improvement over previous handcrafted features. In this study, we demonstrate that we can further improve the discriminative power of CNN-based features and achieve more accurate classification of texture images. In particular, we have designed a discriminative neural network-based feature transformation (NFT) method, with which the CNN-based features are transformed to lower dimensionality descriptors based on an ensemble of neural networks optimized for the classification objective. For evaluation, we used three standard benchmark datasets (KTH-TIPS2, FMD, and DTD) for texture image classification. Our experimental results show enhanced classification performance over the state-of-the-art.
Detection of Treponema pallidum in lesion exudate with a pathogen-specific monoclonal antibody (1985)

The diagnosis of early syphilis currently requires dark-field microscopic or serologic demonstration of Treponema pallidum infection. Dark-field microscopy is not widely available and is complicated by the numerous saprophytic spirochetes which are present at oral and rectal mucosal surfaces. Serologic tests are positive in only 70 to 90% of patients with primary syphilis, and several days may be required for results to become available. We used a pathogen-specific, fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody to examine lesion exudates from 61 patients for the presence of T. pallidum and compared the data with results of dark-field microscopy and serologic testing. The direct fluorescent-antibody technique revealed the presence of T. pallidum in 30 of 30 patients with early syphilis, and dark-field microscopy was positive for 29. Serologic tests were reactive for 27 of 30 patients with syphilis; in the 3 patients with nonreactive serologic tests, chancres had been present for 4, 6, and 21 days. Although 7 of 31 patients without syphilis had spiral organisms seen on dark-field microscopy, the direct fluorescent-antibody test was negative for all 31. The presence of nonpathogenic spirochetes was subsequently verified in 5 of 7 patients by using a second monoclonal antibody which reacts with nonpathogenic, as well as pathogenic, treponemes and related spirochetes. The demonstration of T. pallidum by using fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies is intrinsically specific and is as sensitive as dark-field microscopy for the diagnosis of early syphilis. This method provides a convenient, accurate means for the diagnosis of syphilis by health care providers, many of whom lack access to dark-field microscopy.
Reactive Oxygen Species, DNA Damage, and Error-Prone Repair: A Model for Genomic Instability with Progression in Myeloid Leukemia? (2007)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, with an increased propensity to develop acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The molecular basis for MDS progression is unknown, but a key element in MDS disease progression is loss of chromosomal material (genomic instability). Using our two-step mouse model for myeloid leukemic disease progression involving overexpression of human mutant NRAS and BCL2 genes, we show that there is a stepwise increase in the frequency of DNA damage leading to an increased frequency of error-prone repair of double-strand breaks (DSB) by nonhomologous end-joining. There is a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these transgenic mice with disease progression. Importantly, RAC1, an essential component of the ROS-producing NADPH oxidase, is downstream of RAS, and we show that ROS production in NRAS/BCL2 mice is in part dependent on RAC1 activity. DNA damage and error-prone repair can be decreased or reversed in vivo by N-acetyl cysteine antioxidant treatment. Our data link gene abnormalities to constitutive DNA damage and increased DSB repair errors in vivo and provide a mechanism for an increase in the error rate of DNA repair with MDS disease progression. These data suggest treatment strategies that target RAS/RAC pathways and ROS production in human MDS/AML.
Inhibition of HCCR-2 gene expression by siRNA suppresses liver metastasis of ovarian cancer (2015)

Objective
To investigate the impact of human cervical cancer oncogene-2 (HCCR-2) inhibited by small interference RNA (siRNA) on the liver metastatic potential of ovarian cancer.


Methods
High metastatic ability human ovarian cancer cell line HO-8910PM was infected using HCCR-2-siRNA lentiviral expression vector and empty negative control vector to establish small interference (SI) group and negative control (NC) group. The expression of HCCR-2 protein in two groups was detected by Western blot assay. Transwell assay was used to define the cell invasion ability. Liver metastases model of ovarian cancer was established to detect the cell metastatic ability. The data between two groups were compared using t test, and the rates were compared using Chi-square test.


Results
The average relative expression of HCCR-2 protein in SI group (0.16±0.02) significantly decreased compared with that in NC group (0.86±0.05) (t=-8.06, P<0.05). The membrane permeating cell count in SI group (58±3) was significantly less than that in NC group (262±19) (t=-37.77, P<0.05). The incidence of liver metastases in SI group (2/6) was significantly lower than that in NC group (6/6) (P<0.05). The number of metastases in SI group (1.3 ± 0.2) was significantly less than that in NC group (9.4 ± 0.8) (t = -10.25, P<0.05).


Conclusion
Inhibition of HCCR-2 gene expression by siRNA can reduce the invasion and liver metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells.


Key words: 
Neoplasms, unknown primary; Liver neoplasms; Ovarian neoplasms; Human cervical cancer oncogene-2