gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Thermotolerance in Hot Spring Cyanobacteria of the Genus<i>Synechococcus</i> (2000)

The extension of ecological tolerance limits may be an important mechanism by which microorganisms adapt to novel environments, but it may come at the evolutionary cost of reduced performance under ancestral conditions. We combined a comparative physiological approach with phylogenetic analyses to study the evolution of thermotolerance in hot spring cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus. Among the 20 laboratory clones of Synechococcus isolated from collections made along an Oregon hot spring thermal gradient, four different 16S rRNA gene sequences were identified. Phylogenies constructed by using the sequence data indicated that the clones were polyphyletic but that three of the four sequence groups formed a clade. Differences in thermotolerance were observed for clones with different 16S rRNA gene sequences, and comparison of these physiological differences within a phylogenetic framework provided evidence that more thermotolerant lineages of Synechococcus evolved from less thermotolerant ancestors. The extension of the thermal limit in these bacteria was correlated with a reduction in the breadth of the temperature range for growth, which provides evidence that enhanced thermotolerance has come at the evolutionary cost of increased thermal specialization. This study illustrates the utility of using phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate how evolutionary processes have shaped historical patterns of ecological diversification in microorganisms.
Immobilization of Metal–Organic Framework Nanocrystals for Advanced Design of Supported Nanocatalysts (2016)

In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been employed as heterogeneous catalysts or precursors for synthesis of catalytic materials. However, conventional MOFs and their derivatives usually exhibit limited mass transfer and modest catalytic activities owing to a lengthy diffusion path and less exposed active sites. In contrast, it has been generally conceived that nanoscale MOFs are beneficial to materials utilization and mass transport, but their instability poses a serious issue to practical application. To tackle above challenges, herein we develop a novel and facile approach to the design and synthesis of nanocomposites through in situ growth and directed immobilization of nanoscale MOFs onto layered double hydroxides (LDH). The resulting supported nano-MOFs inherit advantages of pristine MOF nanocrystals and meanwhile gain enhanced stability and workability under reactive environments. A series of uniform nanometer-sized MOFs, including monometallic (ZIF-8, ZIF-67, and Cu-BTC) and bimetallic (CoZn-ZIF), can be readily synthesized onto hierarchically structured flowerlike MgAl-LDH supports with high dispersion and precision. Additionally, the resultant MgAl-LDH/MOFs can serve as a generic platform to prepare integrated nanocatalysts via controlled thermolysis. Knoevenagel condensation and reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) are used as model reactions for demonstrating the technological merits of these nanocatalysts. Therefore, this work elucidates that the synthetic immobilization of nanoscale MOFs onto conventional catalyst supports is a viable route to develop integrated nanocatalysts with high controllability over structural architecture and chemical composition.
Distributed dialogue management for smart terminal devices (2005)

Mobile devices, such as smartphones and personal digital assistants, can be used to implement efficient speech-based and multimodal interfaces. Most of the systems are serverbased, and there is a need to distribute the dialogue management tasks between the terminal devices and the server. Since the technologies are not mature and the platforms are constantly changing, approaches that support generic and reusable components are needed. We describe a model where the tasks of the dialogue management are divided into two parts. The server handles the overall coordination of the dialogue by generating dialogue task descriptions. Smart terminal devices realize the low-level decisions by executing individual dialogue tasks. A prototype of multimodal dialogue application using the model is presented. It has two different user interface realizations using standard telephony equipment and smartphones.
Evidence for an imino intermediate in the T4 endonuclease V reaction (1993)

Reductive methylation and site-directed mutagenesis experiments have implicated the N-terminal alpha-amino group of T4 endonuclease V in the glycosylase and abasic lyase activities of the enzyme. NMR studies have confirmed the involvement of the N-terminal alpha-amino group in the inhibition of enzyme activity by reductive methylation. A mechanism accounting for these results predicts that a (imino) covalent enzyme-substrate intermediate is formed between the protein N-terminal alpha-amino group and C1' of the 5'-deoxyribose of the pyrimidine dimer substrate subsequent to (or concomitantly with) the glycosylase step. Experiments to verify the existence of this intermediate indicated that enzyme inhibition by cyanide was substrate-dependent, a result classically interpreted to imply an imino reaction intermediate. In addition, sodium borohydride reduction of the intermediate formed a stable dead-end enzyme-substrate product. This product was formed whether ultraviolet light-irradiated high molecular weight DNA or duplex oligonucleotides containing a defined thymine-thymine cyclobutane dimer were used as substrate. The duplex oligonucleotide substrates demonstrated a well-defined gel shift. This will facilitate high-resolution footprinting of the enzyme on the DNA substrate.
Intracavity beam shaping for high power thin-disk lasers (2006)

The thin-disk laser (TDL) is a promising solid state laser concept since it combines good power scalability with high efficiency and small thermal lensing effects. Therefore this concept is a good candidate for near diffraction limited multi-kilowatt operation. In addition, due to its low depolarization losses, the TDL can be operated polarized without sacrificing its efficiency. To exploit the full potential of the TDL concept, the small thermally induced wave front distortions of the disk have to be compensated. At the same time, the intensity distribution of the output beam can be formed according to the requirements of the application. The wave front can be either corrected by a static graded-phase mirror or by an adaptive mirror. For the TDL, a thermally driven adaptive mirror was developed. The polarization state of the radiation field is another important aspect which can be optimized for specific processes. For example, a radially polarized beam promises significantly increased process efficiency for cutting sheet metal. The polarization state oscillating inside the resonator can be controlled by means of a polarization selective resonant grating-waveguide mirror. We describe the successive steps of development towards optical elements optimized for the intra-cavity beam shaping of the TDL.
Software tools and emerging technologies for vehicle routing and intermodal transportation (2013)

Vehicle routing is a central task in a large number of private and public corporations (see, e.g., Golden, Raghavan, and Wasil [30]). Tours have to be planned in very diverse sectors of the economy, not only in the logistics and transport business but in virtually all industrial sectors producing physical goods. Variants of the vehicle routing problem manifest in a remarkably wide range of commercial and non-commercial enterprises: from waste/refuse collection to retail distribution; from construction material delivery planning to postal and express delivery routing; from inbound manufacturing component transportation to finished car distribution; from in-home primary health care service to hospital operations; from transportation network optimization to third Party Logistics (3PL) operation scheduling; and from bulk collection and delivery planning to passenger transportation routing. Hence, vehicle routing is key to logistics efficiency in industry, the public sector, and society in general. The high complexity of the vehicle routing problem renders purely human planning inadequate for most applications. Typically, humanmade plans have a large potential for improvement. Also, non-assisted planning occupies valuable human resources. Therefore, high-quality software tools for decision support in vehicle routing are crucial to effective and efficient planning in many sectors of society. Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) in their many guises have been the subject of intensive study for more than half a century now (see Laporte [41]). These research efforts have led to the development of a variety of models and solution algorithms and the publication of thousands of scientific papers. Our ability to solve VRPs has increased tremendously over the past half century due to a combination of better VRP methods and the general performance improvement of computers. These results have, together with the progress of key enabling technologies, led to the emergence of numerous software companies worldwide, selling commercial vehicle routing software tools and accompanying services (see Hallamaki et al. [32], Drexl [13], and Partyka and Hall [50]). Among the
A Sequence and Structure Based Method to Predict Putative Substrates, Functions and Regulatory Networks of Endo Proteases (2009)

We believe that our physiologically relevant computational approach would be a very useful complementary method in the current day attempts to profile proteases (endo proteases in particular) and their substrates. In addition, by using functional annotations, we have demonstrated how normal and unknown functions of a protease can be envisaged. We have developed a network which can be integrated to create a proteolytic world. This network can in turn be extended to integrate other regulatory networks to build a system wide knowledge of the proteome.
Cloud computing architectures based multi-tenant IDS (2013)

Cloud computing is less expensive than traditional on-premise computing for users, as it provides accessibility and reliability options for users and scalable sales for provider. But, like most things in life, the benefits come with risks. It's just a matter of knowing if the benefits outweigh the risks and vice versa. Unfortunately, the cloud computing does not escape to this universal rule. Then, it is important to consider the security of the cloud. As a solution to protect the cloud from security issues [1, 2, 3, 4], we think that IDSs integrated in the cloud remains among the best solution. We will also present an architecture based IDS that respects multi-tenancy architecture. The objective behind integrating multi-tenancy aspect in our solution is to give tenants the ability to configure some parts of the application, such as the color of the user interface or business rules, but they can't customize the application's code. This means that although tenants an using the same building blocks in their configuration, the appearance or workflow of the application may be different for two tenants. Also, the Service Level Agreement (SLA) of each tenant can differ. In fact, we contend that multi-tenancy is a requirement for any cloud architecture because of four key benefits. First, High security: there are 3 key components that define the degree of isolation between multiple tenants in a data center: access policies, application deployment and data access and protection. Second, Economy: software development and maintenance costs are shared between the tenants. Third, Service assurance and faster updates: with multi-tenancy, the provider has to make updates once. In contrast with single-tenancy, an architecture in which each customer has their own software instance and may be given access to application code. Fourth, Efficiency and flexibility: A SaaS provider can run one instance of its application on one instance of a database and provide web access to multiple customers. Each tenant's data is Isolated and remains invisible to other tenants [11].
The Camberwell beauty: Nymphalis antiopa L. in 1981 (1981)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
An automatic test case generator for testing safety-critical software systems (2010)

This paper presents the development of an automatic test case generator (ATCG) for testing safety-critical software systems based on the concepts of specification-based testing. The ATCG receives the specification of system under test in normal specification language form and the causes and effects are automatically extracted and it also will visualize the cause-effect graph specification model. Finally test cases are generated by using cause-effect graph software testing methods in detail combined with Boolean operator techniques. Often in ATCGs too many test cases are created but the results are not always perfect. In testing our ATCG, experimental results showed that quality test cases are produced and that redundant test cases are ignored.
LiNbO <sub>3</sub> resonant-type optical modulatorwith double-stub structure (2001)

A resonant-type LiNbO3 optical modulator with symmetric stubs and modulating electrodes was investigated. Modulation efficiency was enhanced by the resonance of the modulating electrode. The enhancement factor of the fabricated modulator was 3.41 at 10 GHz.
Electrical characteristics of a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (1994)

The dielectric barrier is becoming popular as a source of atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasmas. For atmospheric pressure plasma processing, either coaxial or parallel plate geometry can be used. In this paper, experimental investigation of the electrical characteristics of a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge is reported. The ratio of the inner to outer electrode radius has large influence on the corona onset voltage and the generation of radicals. It was also found that low levels of ultraviolet irradiation increase the number of microdischarges considerably resulting in a more uniform discharge. Also the energy coupled to the discharge from the power source increases with ultraviolet irradiation.
Crizotinib — Latest Champion in the Cancer Wars? (2010)

Three articles in this issue of the Journal report on the therapeutic potential of a new kid on the kinase inhibitor block: crizotinib, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase.Kwak et al.1 summarize a study involving patients with non–small-cell lung cancer who were enrolled in a phase 1 trial, starting in 2008, hot on the heels of a study in which cell lines derived from non–small-cell lung tumors were shown to be sensitive to NVP-TAE6842 and crizotinib (PF-02341066).3,4 From a cohort of 1500 patients with non–small-cell lung cancer, 82 (5.5%) were found to . . .
Titanium Diboride–Tungsten Diboride Solid Solutions Formed by Induction‐Field‐Activated Combustion Synthesis (2003)

Solid solutions of titanium diboride–tungsten diboride (TiB 2 –WB 2 ) were synthesized by induction‐field‐activated combustion synthesis (IFACS) using elemental reactants. In sharp contrast to conventional methods, solid solutions could be formed by the IFACS method within a very short time, ∼2 min. Solutions with compositions ranging from 40–60 mol% WB 2 were synthesized with a stoichiometric ratio (Ti + W)/B =½; however, samples with excess boron were also made to counter the loss of boron by evaporation. The dependence of the lattice constants of the resulting solid solutions on composition was determined. The “a” parameter decreased only slightly with an increase in the WB 2 content, whereas the “c” parameter exhibited a significant decrease over the range 40–60 mol% WB 2 . Solid‐solution powders formed by the IFACS method were subsequently sintered in a spark plasma sintering (SPS) apparatus. After 10 min at 1800°C, the samples densified to relative density 86%. XRD analysis showed the presence of only the solid‐solution phase.
Flat-field spectrograph in SiO/sub 2//Si (1992)

The operation of a flat-field spectrograph in silica glass on silicon (SiO/sub 2//Si) as a demultiplexer with 4-nm channel spacing in the 1.5- mu m waveguide length region is demonstrated. The concept allows fabrication tolerances to be compensated simultaneously with the adjustment of fan-out. Fiber-to-fiber insertion loss of 10.1 dB and crosstalk attenuation >15 dB have been achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression by the Attaching and Effacing Bacterial Pathogen <i>Citrobacter rodentium</i> in Infected Mice (2002)

Citrobacter rodentium belongs to the attaching and effacing family of enteric bacterial pathogens that includes both enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. These bacteria infect their hosts by colonizing the intestinal mucosal surface and intimately attaching to underlying epithelial cells. The abilities of these pathogens to exploit the cytoskeleton and signaling pathways of host cells are well documented, but their interactions with the host's antimicrobial defenses, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), are poorly understood. To address this issue, we infected mice with C. rodentium and found that iNOS mRNA expression in the colon significantly increased during infection. Immunostaining identified epithelial cells as the major source for immunoreactive iNOS. Finding that nitric oxide (NO) donors were bacteriostatic for C. rodentium in vitro, we examined whether iNOS expression contributed to host defense by infecting iNOS-deficient mice. Loss of iNOS expression caused a small but significant delay in bacterial clearance without affecting tissue pathology. Finally, immunofluorescence staining was used to determine if iNOS expression was localized to infected cells by staining for the C. rodentium virulence factor, translocated intimin receptor (Tir), as well as iNOS. Interestingly, while more than 85% of uninfected epithelial cells expressed iNOS, fewer than 15% of infected (Tir-positive) cells expressed detectable iNOS. These results demonstrate that both iNOS and intestinal epithelial cells play an active role in host defense during C. rodentium infection. However, the selective expression of iNOS by uninfected but not infected cells suggests that this pathogen has developed mechanisms to locally limit its exposure to host-derived NO.
Thermophysical Properties of Matter - The TPRC Data Series. Volume 9. Thermal Radiative Properties - Coatings (1972)

Abstract : The TPRC Data Series published in 13 volumes plus a Master Index volume constitutes a permanent and valuable contribution to science and technology. This 17,000 page Data Series should form a necessary acquisition to all scientific and technological libraries and laboratories. These volumes contain an enormous amount of data and information for thermophysical properties on more than 5,000 different materials of interest to researchers in government laboratories and the defense industrial establishment. Volume 9 in this 14 volume TPRC Data Series covers 116 material groups of contact coatings, and 29 materials groups of conversion coatings, including data on the change of property due to environmental effects and data on the ratio of normal solar absorptance to hemispherical total emittance. Data for a few of the coatings have been critically evaluated and analyzed and analyzed data graphs are presented in addition to the original experimental data.
The Microstructure and Character of the PVDF-g-PSSA Membrane Prepared by Solution Grafting (2003)

A new method based on a solution-grafting technique was used to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride) grafted polystyrene sulfonated acid (PVDF-g-PSSA) proton exchange membrane. Polystyrene is easily grafted into PVDF, which has been treated in KOH solution. There is a linear relationship between the degree of grafting and the treatment time in KOH solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the changes of the membrane's microstructure after grafting and sulfonation. The conductivity of the solution-grafted PVDF-g-PSSA membranes was investigated by the four-probe dc technique and reached S cm−1 at 25°C. Gas chromatographic studies show that the methanol permeability of the PVDF-g-PSSA membrane is almost one order of magnitude lower than that of a Nafion-112 membrane. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Richard Hooker “The Pelagian”. Is There A Case? Notes On The Christian Letter (2013)

ABSTRACT Richard Hooker explicitly rejected the charge of Pelagianism. In late 16th century Reformation England, this was no small charge. The extreme sensitivity of the question together with Puritan suspicions of actual or latent Catholic sympathies left Hooker on the defensive. This situation came together in the Christian Letter. Although Hooker’s marginalia is fragmentary, they reveal his considerable frustration at the question of his theological integrity. The anonymous author(s) of the Christian Letter attributed their suspicions to the density and ambiguity, as they saw the matter, of Hooker’s writing. For Hooker, this way of writing and thinking was simply what was needed in order to handle the subtleties of Christian theology, especially in times of religious disruption. Theology was not for him, a blunt instrument, but a reasoned and precise scalpel the wielding of which required a commensurate measure of skill to use properly. However, there were important points of departure between Hooker’s protagonist and his own outlook. The author of the Christian Letter had clearly set out to depict Hooker’s writing style as so excessively subtle and dependent on the Schoolmen that contrary motives might well lie behind it. If not Catholic, then Pelagian.
Detecting Malicious Websites by Learning IP Address Features (2012)

Web-based malware attacks have become one of the most serious threats that need to be addressed urgently. Several approaches that have attracted attention as promising ways of detecting such malware include employing various blacklists. However, these conventional approaches often fail to detect new attacks owing to the versatility of malicious websites. Thus, it is difficult to maintain up-to-date blacklists with information regarding new malicious websites. To tackle this problem, we propose a new method for detecting malicious websites using the characteristics of IP addresses. Our approach leverages the empirical observation that IP addresses are more stable than other metrics such as URL and DNS. While the strings that form URLs or domain names are highly variable, IP addresses are less variable, i.e., IPv4 address space is mapped onto 4-bytes strings. We develop a lightweight and scalable detection scheme based on the machine learning technique. The aim of this study is not to provide a single solution that effectively detects web-based malware but to develop a technique that compensates the drawbacks of existing approaches. We validate the effectiveness of our approach by using real IP address data from existing blacklists and real traffic data on a campus network. The results demonstrate that our method can expand the coverage/accuracy of existing blacklists and also detect unknown malicious websites that are not covered by conventional approaches.
Detailed Chemical Analysis of Fuel Methanol for Trace Impurities. (1986)

Two samples of methanol, one a coal-derived product and the other a natural gas-derived product, were obtained for analysis. The coal-derived methanol was received in a 5-gallon steel can and the natural gas-derived methanol was received in 1-gallon glass bottles. The detailed analysis reported in this interim report provides an initial assessment of the compositional differences between the two methanols produced from different raw materials.