gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint time delay and DOA estimation using 2-D matrix pencil algorithms and IEEE 802.11ac (2013)

The IEEE 802.11ac is an emerging WLAN standard for the 5 GHz band in which multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and wider channel bandwidths are enhanced compared to 802.11n. In this paper, we present the problem of estimating the propagation time delay, and the relative direction of arrival (DOA) associated with signals in a multipath communication channel for wireless indoor positioning. The recent subspace based algorithms, represented by two-dimensional matrix pencil (2-D MP) algorithms, are applied in a new way to estimate these parameters simultaneously from an estimated space channel frequency response (S-CFR). The performance of using multiple antennas and wideband orthogonal multicarrier signals are presented. Non line of sight (NLOS) experimental results show that accuracy in the range of a few hundreds of picoseconds, and a fraction of one degree could be achieved.
Understanding the influence of all nodes in a network (2015)

Centrality measures such as the degree, k-shell, or eigenvalue centrality can identify a network's most influential nodes, but are rarely usefully accurate in quantifying the spreading power of the vast majority of nodes which are not highly influential. The spreading power of all network nodes is better explained by considering, from a continuous-time epidemiological perspective, the distribution of the force of infection each node generates. The resulting metric, the expected force, accurately quantifies node spreading power under all primary epidemiological models across a wide range of archetypical human contact networks. When node power is low, influence is a function of neighbor degree. As power increases, a node's own degree becomes more important. The strength of this relationship is modulated by network structure, being more pronounced in narrow, dense networks typical of social networking and weakening in broader, looser association networks such as the Internet. The expected force can be computed independently for individual nodes, making it applicable for networks whose adjacency matrix is dynamic, not well specified, or overwhelmingly large.
Integrating AJAX and Web Services for Cooperative Image Editing (2007)

AJAX (asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a powerful Web development model for browser-based Web applications. While Web services essentially are universally accessible software components deployed on the Web and designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. Because technologies that support both AJAX and Web services are XML-based, the two can leverage each others' strengths. More and more companies and organizations are taking advantage of this relationship, working to improve their Web applications through AJAX and Web services. Our system integrates the two for Web-based cooperative image editing. For message exchange delays and browser security limitations have hampered Web-based cooperative image editing. This integration resolves these issues and offers a framework for generic cooperative business processes
Three-Electrode Electrochemical Detector and Platinum Film Decoupler Integrated with a Capillary Electrophoresis Microchip for Amperometric Detection (2003)

This article demonstrates that a three-electrode electrochemical (EC) detector and an electric decoupler could be fabricated in the same glass chip and integrated with an O2-plasma-treated PDMS layer using microfabrication techniques to form the capillary electrophoresis (CE) microchip. The platinized decoupler could mostly decouple the electrochemical detection circuit from the interference of an separation electric field in 10 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES, pH 6.5) solution. The baseline offset of background current recorded from the working electrode with and without application of a separation electric field was maintained at less than 0.05 pA in 10 mM MES. In addition, the platinized pseudoreference electrode was demonstrated to offer a stable potential in electrochemical detection. As a consequence, the limit of detection of dopamine was 0.125 microM at a S/N = 4. The responses for dopamine to different concentrations were found to be linear between 0.25 and 50 microM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9974 and a sensitivity of 11.76 pA/microM. The totally integrated CE-EC microchip should be able to fulfill the ideal of miniaturization and commercialization.
Microencapsulation of peppermint oil in an alginate–pectin matrix using a coaxial electrospray system (2013)

Summary This study investigated the microencapsulation of peppermint oil in alginate ( A )–pectin ( P ) matrix using an electrospray system where the microcapsules were characterised by determining their compositions and properties. The minimum size (1.58 μm) was obtained with A 80 P 20, while the maximum (3.24 μm) was obtained with A0P100. The zeta potential ranged from −53.1 to −21.7 mV with all combinations. The polydispersity index ( PDI ) tended to increase with the pectin content. There was a gradual increase in microparticles in terms of the loss modulus ( G ′ ) and the storage modulus ( G ″ ) with increasing frequency. The δ value (loss tangent) increased with the pectin content, indicating more unstable. The encapsulation efficiency increased relative to the alginate content. The maximum encapsulation efficiency (85.15%) was obtained with A 80 P 20. This study showed that an electrospray system can be used to make an alginate–pectin microcapsule containing peppermint oil, which has an adequate composition in terms of rheological properties and encapsulation efficiency.
One-Megapixel Monocrystalline-Silicon Micromirror Array on CMOS Driving Electronics Manufactured With Very Large-Scale Heterogeneous Integration (2011)

In this paper, we demonstrate the first high-resolution spatial-light-modulator chip with 1 million tilting micromirrors made of monocrystalline silicon on analog high-voltage complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor driving electronics. This device, as result of a feasibility study, shows good optical and excellent mechanical properties. The micromirrors exhibit excellent surface properties, with a surface roughness below 1-nm root mean square. Actuated micromirrors show no imprinting behavior and operate drift free. Very large-scale heterogeneous integration was used to fabricate the micromirror arrays. The detailed fabrication process is presented in this paper, together with a characterization of the SLM devices. Large arrays of individually controllable micromirrors are the enabling component in high-perfomance mask-writing systems and promising for high throughput deep-ultraviolet maskless lithography systems. The adoption of new materials with enhanced characteristics is critical in meeting the challenging demands with regard to surface quality and operation stability in the future. Very large-scale heterogeneous integration may enable virtually any solid-state material to be integrated together with CMOS electronics.
Air filter effects on data center supply fan power (2012)

Driven by need to reduce energy use, many new data centers are built with air-side economizers. This method of bringing in outside air as the primary cooling resource greatly reduces overall facility power by eliminating need for the compressors and pumps required by chilled water and refrigerant based cooling systems. However, system fans are still necessary to supply and move large amounts of air through the facility. The operating power of fans is dependent on the static pressure which must be overcome to move air. The static pressure of a data center is generally fixed for a given configuration, with the exception of air filters which become clogged over time. In this work, airflow versus pressure drop curves of filters removed after eight and a half months of service in a large data center operating an air-side economizer are experimentally characterized. Comparisons of this data against clean filters provides insight into the change in pressure drop of both low-efficiency pleated pre-filters and high-efficiency cartridge final filters as they become dirty. Incorporating these system resistance curves into the power curve of the data center supply fans indicates only minimal increase in energy use resulting from dust and particle collection of the filters.
Nuclear localization of HBD-1 in human keratinocytes. (2007)

To our knowledge, this is the first report to localize HBD-1 in the nuclear region, suggesting a role for this peptide in gene expression and providing new data that may help determine mechanisms of defensin functions.
The Reaction of Oxiranes with Carbon Disulfide under High Pressure (1988)

Abstract The reaction of 2,2-dimetyloxirane with carbon disulfide in the presence of triethylamine was accelerated under high pressure to give 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-thione in a high yield, while 2-hexyloxirane under the same reaction condition formeds 4-hexyl-1,3-dithiolane-2-thione (2b) as the main product and 5-hexyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-thione (1b) as a minor product. A feasible mechanism for this formation is that 1b and 2-hexylthiirane (4b) are produced in the first stage of reaction, and that 2b is then formed by the reaction of 1b or 4b with carbon disulfide. In reactions of a variety of oxiranes with carbon disulfide, 1,3-dithiolane-2-thiones were obtained in high yields under 800 MPa at 100 °C within 20 h. Concerning the effect of substituents in oxiranes, the selectivity for product 2b is in the decreasing order; 2-phenyl-&gt;2-methyl-&gt;2-ethyl-&gt;2-hexyl-&gt;2,3-tetramethylene-&gt;2,2-dimethyl-&gt;2-(chloromethyl)-. Tertiary amines, such as N,N-dimethylethylamine, pyridine, and N-methylmorpholine, serve as good catalysts for the reaction.
Complete suppression of boron transient-enhanced diffusion and oxidation-enhanced diffusion in silicon using localized substitutional carbon incorporation (1998)

In this letter, we show the ability, through introduction of a thin Si1−x−yGexCy layer, to eliminate the enhancement of enhanced boron diffusion in silicon due to an oxidizing surface or ion implant damage. This reduction of diffusion is accomplished through a low-temperature-grown thin epitaxial Si1−x−yGexCy layer which completely filters out excess interstitials introduced by oxidation or ion implant damage. We also quantify the oxidation-enhanced diffusion (OED) and transient-enhanced diffusion (TED) dependence on substitutional carbon level, and further report both the observation of carbon TED and OED, and its dependence on carbon levels.
Prolylpeptide Binding by the Prokaryotic SH3-like Domain of the Diphtheria Toxin Repressor:  A Regulatory Switch<sup>,</sup> (2004)

Diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) regulates the expression of iron-sensitive genes in Corynebacterium diphtheriae, including the diphtheria toxin gene. DtxR contains an N-terminal metal- and DNA-binding domain that is connected by a proline-rich flexible peptide segment (Pr) to a C-terminal src homology 3 (SH3)-like domain. We determined the solution structure of the intramolecular complex formed between the proline-rich segment and the SH3-like domain by use of NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the intramolecularly bound Pr segment differs from that seen in eukaryotic prolylpeptide-SH3 domain complexes. The prolylpeptide ligand is bound by the SH3-like domain in a deep crevice lined by aliphatic amino acid residues and passes through the binding site twice but does not adopt a polyprolyl type-II helix. NMR studies indicate that this intramolecular complex is present in the apo-state of the repressor. Isothermal equilibrium denaturation studies show that intramolecular complex formation contributes to the stability of the apo-repressor. The binding affinity of synthetic peptides to the SH3-like domain was determined using isothermal titration calorimetry. From the structure and the binding energies, we calculated the enhancement in binding energy for the intramolecular reaction and compared it to the energetics of dimerization. Together, the structural and biophysical studies suggest that the proline-rich peptide segment of DtxR functions as a switch that modulates the activation of repressor activity.
Optical Transforms and the "Pincushion Grid" Illusion? (1977)

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Magnetic-field-sensitive multicollector n-p-n transistors (1982)

A recently introduced type of magnetic-field-sensitive silicon microtransducer is described. These devices consist of a multicollector n-p-n transistor fabricated with standard integration techniques. The dependence of output signals on bias conditions, which influence the emitter and collector-current distribution, is analyzed theoretically for both two- and four-collector structures. These one- and two-dimensional vector sensors have been fabricated and tested. The experimental results are compared qualitatively with the theory. Theory and measurements indicate that the two-collector structure gives a differential collector-output current, which is linearly proportional to a magnetic induction, applied along one axis only. Theory and measurements also indicate that the vector sensor gives output signals, which are a linear function of the two components of an in-plane magnetic-induction vector. Consequently, this device is capable of measuring the magnitude and direction of such a vector.
Retinoic acid enhances the generation of hematopoietic progenitors from human embryonic stem cell–derived hemato-vascular precursors (2010)

Current induction schemes directing hematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are not well defined to mimic the sequential stages of hematopoietic development in vivo. Here, we report a 3-stage method to direct differentiation of hESCs toward hematopoietic progenitors in chemically defined mediums. In the first 2 stages, we efficiently generated T-positive primitive streak/mesendoderm cells and kinase domain receptor-positive (KDR(+)) platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-negative (PDGFRα(-)) hemato-vascular precursors sequentially. In the third stage, we found that cells in a spontaneous differentiation condition mainly formed erythroid colonies. Addition of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) greatly enhanced generation of hematopoietic progenitors in this stage while suppressing erythroid development. The RA-treated cells highly expressed definitive hematopoietic genes, formed large numbers of multilineage and myeloid colonies, and gave rise to greater than 45% CD45(+) hematopoietic cells. When hematopoietic progenitors were selected with CD34 and C-Kit, greater than 95% CD45(+) hematopoietic cells could be generated. In addition, we found that endogenous RA signaling at the second stage was required for vascular endothelial growth factor/basic fibroblast growth factor-induced hemato-vascular specification, whereas exogenously applied RA efficiently induced KDR(-)PDGFRα(+) paraxial mesoderm cells. Our study suggests that RA signaling plays diverse roles in human mesoderm and hematopoietic development.
Purine and pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate patterns of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells in human acute leukemias. (1982)

Purine and pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate (NMP) levels were measured in blood and/or bone marrow cells of groups of patients with acute leukemia including: ( a ) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); and ( b ) acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) (acute myeloblastic, promyelocytic, myelomonocytic, and monoblastic leukemia). Patients were either untreated or in remission (17 with ANLL and six with ALL); three relapsed patients with ALL were also studied. Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated tonsil lymphocytes and bone marrow cells both from normal subjects were used as controls. Moreover, observations in acute leukemias were compared with those in chronic leukemias.

The cytidine, adenosine, guanosine, and uridine 2′-, 3′-, and 5′-monophosphate contents were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Using this technique, relatively difficult separations ( e.g. , adenosine of 2′-, 3′- and 5′-monophosphates) were achieved fairly rapidly by isocratic elution. 2′- and 3′-NMP concentrations were 2.5 times higher (0.69 to 1.38 × 10-9 mol/106 cells in the peripheral blood and 2.42 to 5.87 × 10-9 mol/106 cells in the bone marrow) in ALL and were 5.5 times higher (1.66 to 3.82 × 10-9 cells in the peripheral blood and 4.30 to 9.27 × 10-9 mol/106 cells in the bone marrow) in ANLL leukemic cells than in chronic leukemic blood cells or control bone marrow cells (0.34 to 0.75 and 0.93 to 1.63 × 10-9 mol/106 cells, respectively). 2′- NMPs were found only in leukemic blast cells and accounted for about 30% of 2′- and 3′-NMP mixtures. Levels of 2′- and 3′-NMP were around 2- and 4-fold higher in bone marrow than in peripheral blood cells of patients. The high level of 2′- and 3′-NMP found in bone marrow and blood cells of untreated ALL patients decreased during remission without reverting to normal; however, in relapse, it was 5 to 10 times higher than in the case of untreated patients.

The 5′-NMP concentrations were always lower than those of 2′- and 3′-NMP ( e.g. , cytidine 5′-monophosphate = 0.29 × 10-9 mol/106 cells and cytidine 2′- and 3′-monophosphates = 6.40 × 10-9 mol/106 cells in bone marrow of untreated patients with ANLL) and were the same in acute leukemias and control (including chronic leukemias). Furthermore, 5′-NMP levels remained constant during the course of the disease. 2′- and 3′-NMP levels appear therefore to be useful markers of leukemic blasts and may facilitate both the diagnostic of acute leukemia and the monitoring of chemotherapy.
Review: Innovative monoclonal antibody therapies in multiple sclerosis (2008)

The recent years have witnessed great efforts in establishing new therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis (MS), especially for relapsing-remitting disease courses. In particular, the application of monoclonal antibodies provide innovative approaches allowing for blocking or depleting specific molecular targets, which are of interest in the pathogenesis of MS. While natalizumab received approval by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency in 2006 as the first monoclonal antibody in MS therapy, rituximab, alemtuzumab, and daclizumab were successfully tested for relapsing-remitting MS in small cohorts in the meantime. Here, we review the data available from these recent phase II trials and at the same time critically discuss possible pitfalls which may be relevant for clinical practice. The results of these studies may not only broaden our therapeutic options in the near future, but also provide new insights into disease pathogenesis.
Improving distributed workload performance by sharing both CPU and memory resources (2002)

We develop and examine job migration policies by considering effective usage of global memory in addition to CPU load sharing in distributed systems. When a node is identified for lacking sufficient memory space to serve jobs, one or more jobs of the node will be migrated to remote nodes with low memory allocations. If the memory space is sufficiently large the jobs will be scheduled by a CPU-based load sharing policy. Following the principle of sharing both CPU and memory resources, we present several load sharing alternatives. Out objective is to reduce the number of page faults caused by unbalanced memory allocations for jobs among distributed nodes, so that overall performance of a distributed system can be significantly improved. We have conducted trace-driven simulations to compare CPU-based load sharing policies with our policies. We show that our load sharing policies not only improve performance of memory bound jobs, but also maintain the same load sharing quality as the CPU-based policies for CPU-bound jobs. Regarding remote execution and preemptive migration strategies, our experiments indicate that a strategy selection in load sharing is dependent on the amount of memory demand of jobs-remote execution is more effective for memory-bound jobs, and preemptive migration is more effective for CPU-bound jobs. Our CPU memory-based policy using either high performance or high throughput approach and using the remote execution strategy performs the best for both CPU-bound and memory-bound jobs.
Signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio and their trade-offs with resolution in axial-shear strain elastography (2006)

In axial-shear strain elastography, the local axial-shear strain resulting from the application of quasi-static axial compression to an inhomogeneous material is imaged. In this paper, we investigated the image quality of the axial-shear strain estimates in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR(asse)) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR(asse)) using simulations and experiments. Specifically, we investigated the influence of the system parameters (beamwidth, transducer element pitch and bandwidth), signal processing parameters (correlation window length and axial window shift) and mechanical parameters (Young's modulus contrast, applied axial strain) on the SNR(asse) and CNR(asse). The results of the study show that the CNR(asse) (SNR(asse)) is maximum for axial-shear strain values in the range of 0.005-0.03. For the inclusion/background modulus contrast range considered in this study (<10), the CNR(asse) (SNR(asse)) is maximum for applied axial compressive strain values in the range of 0.005%-0.03%. This suggests that the RF data acquired during axial elastography can be used to obtain axial-shear strain elastograms, since this range is typically used in axial elastography as well. The CNR(asse) (SNR(asse)) remains almost constant with an increase in the beamwidth while it increases as the pitch increases. As expected, the axial shift had only a weak influence on the CNR(asse) (SNR(asse)) of the axial-shear strain estimates. We observed that the differential estimates of the axial-shear strain involve a trade-off between the CNR(asse) (SNR(asse)) and the spatial resolution only with respect to pitch and not with respect to signal processing parameters. Simulation studies were performed to confirm such an observation. The results demonstrate a trade-off between CNR(asse) and the resolution with respect to pitch.
Performance Analysis and Range Improvement in Multiband-OFDM UWB Communications (2006)

The performance of multiband-OFDM UWB systems is analyzed using the S-V indoor channel model. Based on the analysis, two methods are proposed to improve the reliable transmission range of UWB devices by exploiting the rich spectral and spatial diversity available in the system. It is shown both by theory and computer simulations that the proposed methods can effectively enlarge the transmission range of UWB devices.
Electrostatically figured membrane reflectors: An overview (1983)

Electrostatically figured membrane reflectors (EFMR) are described. Static and dynamic models were developed and verified. The models were used to develop control systems capable of stabilizing EFMR instabilities and providing EFMR disturbance rejection. Expected reflector figure diameter to surface tolerance ratios are given.