gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colonization of Mucin by Human Intestinal Bacteria and Establishment of Biofilm Communities in a Two-Stage Continuous Culture System (2005)

The human large intestine is covered with a protective mucus coating, which is heavily colonized by complex bacterial populations that are distinct from those in the gut lumen. Little is known of the composition and metabolic activities of these biofilms, although they are likely to play an important role in mucus breakdown. The aims of this study were to determine how intestinal bacteria colonize mucus and to study physiologic and enzymatic factors involved in the destruction of this glycoprotein. Colonization of mucin gels by fecal bacteria was studied in vitro, using a two-stage continuous culture system, simulating conditions of nutrient availability and limitation characteristic of the proximal (vessel 1) and distal (vessel 2) colon. The establishment of bacterial communities in mucin gels was investigated by selective culture methods, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, in association with fluorescently labeled 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes. Gel samples were also taken for analysis of mucin-degrading enzymes and measurements of residual mucin sugars. Mucin gels were rapidly colonized by heterogeneous bacterial populations, especially members of the Bacteroides fragilis group, enterobacteria, and clostridia. Intestinal bacterial populations growing on mucin surfaces were shown to be phylogenetically and metabolically distinct from their planktonic counterparts.
QSAR with Few Compounds and Many Features (2001)

Fitting quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) requires different statistical methodologies and, to some degree, philosophies depending on the "shape" of the data matrix. When few features are used and there are many compounds, it is a reasonable expectation that good feature subset selection may be made and that nonlinearities and nonadditivities can be detected and diagnosed. Where there are many features and few compounds, this is unrealistic. Methods such as ridge regression RR, PLS, and principal component regression PCR, which abjure feature selection and rely on linearity may provide good predictions and fair understanding. We report a development of ridge regression for the underdetermined case by using generalized cross-validation to choose the ridge constant and perform F-tests for additional information. Conventional regression diagnostics can be used in followup to identify nonlinearities and other departures from model. We illustrate the approach with QSAR models of four data sets using calculated molecular descriptors.
Analogs of metallic lattices in rhodium carbonyl cluster chemistry. Synthesis and x-ray structure of the [Rh15(.mu.-CO)14(CO)13]3- and [Rh14(.mu.-CO)16(CO)9]4- anions showing a stepwise hexagonal close-packed/body-centered cubic interconversion (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalogs of metallic lattices in rhodium carbonyl cluster chemistry. Synthesis and x-ray structure of the [Rh15(.mu.-CO)14(CO)13]3- and [Rh14(.mu.-CO)16(CO)9]4- anions showing a stepwise hexagonal close-packed/body-centered cubic interconversionSecondo Martinengo, Gianfranco Ciani, Angelo Sironi, and Paolo ChiniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 22, 7096–7098Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00490a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00490a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dielectric properties of breast carcinoma and the surrounding tissues (1988)

Relative permittivity of infiltrating breast carcinoma and the surrounding tissue was measured. The experiments were performed at frequencies from 20 kHz to 100 MHz at 37 degrees C using an automatic network analyzer and an end-of-the-line capacitive sensor. Cole-Cole dielectric parameters were calculated by curve fitting using a computer program. Three main categories of tissues were considered: the central part of the tumor, the tumor surrounding tissue, and the peripheral tissue. Within each category, the large spread of the dielectric data for different specimens suggests structural and cellular inhomogeneities of the tumor tissue. However, certain consistency has been found in the dielectric relaxation time and the coefficient of the distribution of the relaxation time within each category. The results seem to indicate that RF impedance imaging can potentially be used as a diagnostic modality for the detection of human breast carcinoma.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chain‐growth polycondensation of monomer consisting of two aromatic rings: Synthesis of well‐defined poly(ether sulfone) from 4‐fluoro‐4′‐hydroxydiphenyl sulfone (2002)

The polycondensation of 1a in the presence of 2 as an initiator and 18-crown-6 proceeded in a chain-polymerization manner in sulfolane at 120 °C to yield poly(ether sulfone) having defined molecular weights and low polydispersities.
Symmetry breaking and strong coupling in planar optical metamaterials (2010)

We demonstrate narrow transmission resonances at near-infrared wavelengths utilizing coupled asymmetric split-ring resonators (SRRs). By breaking the symmetry of the coupled SRR system, one can excite dark (subradiant) resonant modes that are not readily accessible to symmetric SRR structures. We also show that the quality factor of metamaterial resonant elements can be controlled by tailoring the degree of asymmetry. Changing the distance between asymmetric resonators changes the coupling strength and results in resonant frequency tuning due to resonance hybridization.
K. L. Janert and others: Schriften und Bilder: drei orientalistische Untersuchungen. Von K. L. Janert, R. Sellheim, H. Striedl. (Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschxiften in Deutschland, Supplementband 7.) viii, 87 pp., 32 plates, map. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag GmbH, 1967. DM 20. (1967)

K. L. Janert and others: Schriften und Bilder: drei orientalistische Untersuchungen. Von K. L. Janert, R. Sellheim, H. Striedl. (Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschxiften in Deutschland, Supplementband 7.) viii, 87 pp., 32 plates, map. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag GmbH, 1967. DM 20. - Volume 30 Issue 3
Current Resolution of a Single-Flux-Quantum Readout Circuit Based on Current-to-Time Conversion Toward a Flux Qubit System (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We study a single-shot single-flux-quantum (SFQ) readout circuit based on current-to-time conversion for superconducting flux qubits. Circulating currents representing states of a qubit were converted to propagation delay time of SFQ pulses, and then detected by a time discriminator. The key parameter which determines the availability of single-shot readout is current resolution. We evaluated the current resolution by measuring the gray zone which was defined as the transition width in the output probability of the current-to-time converter with 1000 trials for each value of an input current. For reducing unwanted effects on the qubit, shunt resistors are required to be removed for Josephson junctions in the readout circuit. We designed two readout circuits for comparison, the circuit composed of shunted junctions and that of unshunted junctions. Gray zones were measured to be 4.8 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm A}$</tex></formula> for unshunted junctions and 2.2 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm A}$</tex></formula> for the shunted ones at 4.2 K. These gray zones may originate from Johnson noise. Operation at a reduced temperature and employment of a likelihood decision circuit will lead to reduced gray zone, i.e., improved current resolution sufficient for single-shot readout. </para>
Study on subjective quality assessment of Screen Content Images (2015)

With the coming age of big data, the cloud technology, referred to as the computations or applications through the Internet, is dramatically developed. The screen content has become one of the most common data form due to the extraordinary advance of network communication technology, and the JCT-VC has started to develop new standard focusing on improving the efficiency of screen content based on High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Nevertheless, the research on the quality assessment of screen content is still quite limited at the current stage. In this paper, we present a study on subjective quality assessment of the Screen Content Images (SCIs) and investigate whether the existing objective Image Quality Assessment (IQA) methods can effectively evaluate the quality of distorted SCIs. We construct a new Screen Content Database (SCD) including 24 source SCIs and 492 compressed ones with two codecs including HEVC as well as the HEVC extension. The Single Comparison (SC) method is employed for the subjective viewing to guarantee the reliability of the results. In our experiment, the correlations of eight popular IQA methods with the obtained Mean Opinion Score (MOS) values are evaluated. The result indicates that visual information fidelity method can achieve highest consistency with human visual perception.
Automatic 3D reconstruction of structured indoor environments (2020)

Creating high-level structured 3D models of real-world indoor scenes from captured data is a fundamental task which has important applications in many fields. Given the complexity and variability of interior environments and the need to cope with noisy and partial captured data, many open research problems remain, despite the substantial progress made in the past decade. In this tutorial, we provide an up-to-date integrative view of the field, bridging complementary views coming from computer graphics and computer vision. After providing a characterization of input sources, we define the structure of output models and the priors exploited to bridge the gap between imperfect sources and desired output. We then identify and discuss the main components of a structured reconstruction pipeline, and review how they are combined in scalable solutions working at the building level. We finally point out relevant research issues and analyze research trends.
Performance of balanced detection in a coherent receiver (2009)

The quality of balanced detection in a coherent receiver is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The impact of the characteristics of the optics on the balanced detection is presented. A parameter that characterizes the performance of the balanced detection suitable for the whole optical front-end is propose.
Association of vascular endothelial growth factor expression with tumor cell proliferation in ovarian carcinoma. (1997)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor that may also function as an autocrine growth regulator. Thirty-one ovarian carcinomas were investigated for mRNA expression of VEGF and of a proliferation-dependent gene (histone H3) using slot-blot analysis. Tumor vascularity was assessed by immunohistochemistry and factor VIII. All tumors were demonstrated to express VEGF and histone H3, though to various degrees. There was a good correlation between VEGF mRNA values and histone H3 mRNA values (r = 0.71, p < 0.05). No correlation was found between tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularity. There was no significant difference in relapse-free interval or overall survival between tumors with low and high VEGF expression. The close correlation of VEGF expression with tumor cell proliferation in this study raises the possibility of autocrine stimulation of ovarian carcinoma.
Concentration and Fractionation of Skimmilk by Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration (1972)

The influence of process operating parameters on the performance of reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration modules during concentration and fractionation of skimmilk has been investigated. The effects of temperature, pressure, feed flow rate, and feed composition on the permeate flux are reported.
In vitro antiviral drug sensitivity of the Kaposiʼs sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (1997)

The antiviral drug assay developed shows that KSHV is very sensitive to cidofovir, moderately sensitive to ganciclovir and PFA, and weakly sensitive to aciclovir. Therefore, low doses of cidofovir, or high doses of PFA or ganciclovir could suppress clinical reactivation of KSHV. Antiviral drugs did not inhibit episomal virus DNA synthesis, suggesting that the latent form of viral DNA is replicated by host DNA polymerases. Consequently, no benefit can be expected from antiviral drugs in KSHV-positive B-cell lymphomas or during latency.
SPATIALLY UNIFORM AND ALTERABLE SHG PHASE-MATCHING TEMPERATURES IN LITHIUM NIOBATE (1970)

By the addition of MgO to a congruent melt, one can obtain x-axis crystals of lithium niobate several centimeters in length, whose phase-matching temperature for second harmonic generation (SHG) has been increased appreciably while the spatial uniformity of Tpm has been preserved. Thus it is possible to operate a 0.5145-μ pumped parametric oscillator in a convenient wavelength regime and at a temperature above that for damage annealing.
Androgen receptor gene (CAG)n repeat analysis in the differential diagnosis between Kennedy disease and other motoneuron disorders (1995)

An increase in the number of (CAG)n repeats in the first coding exon of the androgen receptor (AR) gene has been strongly associated with Kennedy disease (KD) (spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy). This is an X-linked hereditary disorder characterized by motoneuron degeneration occurring in adults together with gynecomastia and hyperestrogenemia. We have performed AR gene molecular analysis in several members of a large family with KD as well as in 25 sporadic patients suffering from heterogeneous motoneuron disease (MND). An increase in the length of the (CAG)n repeats was detected, as expected, in all the affected males and in obligatory carrier females, some of which had minor signs of lower motoneuron involvement. There was only one possible exception, one young male with initial signs of the disease, who had an apparent normal length allele. An increased pathological allele was also found in 3 patients with MND. This indicates that the analysis of (CAG)n repeats of the AR gene plays a role in the differential diagnosis of this heterogeneous group of neurological diseases.
Automated structure verification based on <sup>1</sup>H NMR prediction (2006)

A unique opportunity exists when an experimental NMR spectrum is obtained for which a specific chemical structure is anticipated. A process of Verification--the confirmation of a postulated structure--is now possible, as opposed to Elucidation-the de novo determination of a structure. A method for automated structure verification is suggested, which compares the chemical shifts, intensities and multiplicities of signals in an experimental 1H NMR spectrum with those from a predicted spectrum for the proposed structure. A match factor (MF) is produced and used to classify the spectrum-structure match into one of three categories, correct, ambiguous, or incorrect. The verification result is also augmented by the spectrum assignment obtained as part of the verification process. This method was tested on a set of synthetic spectra and several sets of experimental spectra, all of which were automatically prepared from raw data. Taking into account even the most problematic structures, with many labile protons present and poor prediction accuracy, 50% of all spectra can still be automatically verified without any false positives or negatives. In a blind test on a typical set of data, it is shown that fewer than 31% of the structures would need manual evaluation. This means that a system is possible whereby 69% of the spectra are prepared and evaluated automatically, and never need to be seen or evaluated by a human.
Molecular characterization of the gene for carrot cell wall β‐fructosidase (1993)

Carrot cell wall beta-fructosidase, previously purified and cloned, is encoded by a single, wound- and pathogen-inducible gene. The developmental regulation of the gene was studied by determining the steady-state mRNA levels in different organs during carrot development: cell wall beta-fructosidase mRNA was detected in roots and leaves of young plants but not during tap root development. A genomic clone was isolated and characterized. The transcription start site was determined by primer extension analysis. Inspection of the promoter sequence (1488 bp) revealed the presence of sequences with high homology to cis-acting elements for the regulation of plant genes by wounding and infection. The 5'-regulatory sequence was fused to the reporter gene beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and tested in a transient expression assay with carrot suspension cells and wounded carrot root tissue (aged disks of carrot roots). The expression of the GUS gene in the transfected cells proved that the isolated promoter was functional. In transgenic tobacco plants containing the cell wall beta-fructosidase promoter fused to GUS, the reporter gene was predominantly expressed in the shoot and root meristems of young seedlings. No GUS expression was detected in mature tobacco plants, showing that the development-specific regulation of the cell wall beta-fructosidase promoter seen in carrot was maintained in tobacco plants. In contrast, expression of the GUS reporter gene in transgenic tobacco was not wound inducible. To analyze the functional organization of the cell wall beta-fructosidase promoter, a 5'-deletion series was generated and tested in a transient expression assay in protoplasts of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Two regions containing putative silencer elements were identified. A comparison of these regions with known silencer elements identified in both regions one copy of the negative dominant cis-acting element found in a chalcone synthase promoter of petunia.
To Go or Not To Go? A Near Unsupervised Learning Approach For Robot Navigation (2017)

It is important for robots to be able to decide whether they can go through a space or not, as they navigate through a dynamic environment. This capability can help them avoid injury or serious damage, e.g., as a result of running into people and obstacles, getting stuck, or falling off an edge. To this end, we propose an unsupervised and a near-unsupervised method based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) to classify scenarios as traversable or not based on visual data. Our method is inspired by the recent success of data-driven approaches on computer vision problems and anomaly detection, and reduces the need for vast amounts of negative examples at training time. Collecting negative data indicating that a robot should not go through a space is typically hard and dangerous because of collisions, whereas collecting positive data can be automated and done safely based on the robot's own traveling experience. We verify the generality and effectiveness of the proposed approach on a test dataset collected in a previously unseen environment with a mobile robot. Furthermore, we show that our method can be used to build costmaps (we call as "GoNoGo" costmaps) for robot path planning using visual data only.
Periodically textured planar waveguides (2009)

A heuristic formalism is developed for efficiently determining the specular reflectivity spectrum of planar waveguides textured with an arbitrary number of two dimensionally (2D) periodic gratings. The formalism is based on a Green's function approach wherein the electric fields are assumed to vary little over the thickness of each textured region of the waveguide. Its accuracy, when the thickness of each textured region is much smaller than the wavelength of relevant radiation, is verified by comparison with a much less efficient, "exact" finite difference solution of Maxwell's equations. In addition to its numerical efficiency, the formalism provides an intuitive explanation of Fano-like features evident in the specular reflectivity spectrum when the incident radiation is phase matched to excite leaky electromagnetic modes "attached" to the waveguide. By associating various Fourier components of the scattered field with bare slab modes, the dispersion, polarization properties, and lifetimes of these Fano-like features are explained in terms of photonic eigenmodes that reveal the renormalization of the slab modes due to interaction with the 2D grating. The model has been used effectively to directly simulate experimental reflectivity data obtained by others.
Konstytucja apostolska o sakramencie bierzmowania (1975)

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Soluble PD-1 Facilitates 4-1BBL–Triggered Antitumor Immunity against Murine H22 Hepatocarcinoma <i>In vivo</i> (2007)

Our findings in this report imply a great potential of 4-1BBL in combination with sPD-1 in tumor therapeutics with the in vivo existent tumor cells as antigens.
Separating the Contributions of Olivocochlear and Middle Ear Muscle Reflexes in Modulation of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission Levels (2013)

Following middle ear muscle tendon division, DPOAE inhibition by contralateral stimuli approximating the primary tone f2 persists, whereas responses evoked by lower contralateral frequencies are abolished. This distinguishes the different roles of the MOCS (f2 frequency specific) and MEMR (low frequency only) in contralateral modulation of DPOAE. This analysis helps clarify the pathways involved in an objective test that might have clinical benefit in the testing of neonates.
Parallel molecular stacks of organic thin film with electrical bistability (2000)

A thin film of 1,1-dicyano-2,2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl) ethylene (DDME) has been grown by a modified vacuum deposition. The films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Highly ordered parallel molecular stacks were repeatedly observed with STM under ambient conditions. The dc current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of device Au/DDME/Au were measured, and the film was found to possess good electrical bistability and electrochromic properties. Nanometer-scale recording was realized on the film by applying pulse voltage between the STM tip and substrate. The possible switching mechanism is discussed.
A UPnP-based bandwidth reservation scheme for in-home digital networks (2003)

Bandwidth reservation is needed whenever applications compete for limited shared bandwidth and QoS must be provided. This paper presents our proposed bandwidth reservation scheme, which is designed on top of the universal plug and play (UPnP) protocol. It takes advantage of the main features of UPnP and relies on the expected central role of the residential gateway in the in-home digital network. Prototype implementation confirms the feasibility of the proposed solution and shows its applicability. In most cases, it is classified according to the kind of data link layer adopted in the home network and the type of traffic actually requesting bandwidth reservation.