gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein disulphide-isomerase of chick-embryo tendon (1984)

Protein disulphide-isomerase can be partially purified from the high-speed-supernatant fraction of extensively disrupted chick-embryo tendon tissue. The catalytic properties of the preparation resemble those of the enzyme from mammalian liver. Gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing show the enzyme to be very acidic, with pI 4.4 +/- 0.3. Gel filtration indicates an Mr for the active enzyme of 140 000. The enzyme can be partially purified by preparative gel filtration or isoelectric focusing, but its limited stability has prevented purification to homogeneity; active fractions from both gel filtration and isoelectric focusing show two major polypeptide components by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The major polypeptides present in partially purified preparations have Mr 45 000 and 55 000; the latter band co-distributes with the enzyme activity in fractionations by both gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. The subcellular location of the enzyme cannot be established from work on homogenates of whole tissue, which are extensively disrupted. In homogenates from isolated tendon cells, the enzyme is located in a vesicle fraction that is excluded from Sepharose 2B but is of low density and can only be sedimented at very high speeds. This fraction is identified as deriving from the endoplasmic reticulum on the grounds of marker-enzyme studies and electron microscopy.
An Exploration of the Nanoworld with LEGO Bricks (2011)

LEGO bricks can be used for a number of demonstrations of chemical structures and properties, especially at the nanoscale level. These bricks can also be used to model instrumentation that probes these structures and properties. Detailed resources about many of these demonstrations are located on the extensive Web site “Exploring the Nanoworld with LEGO Bricks” at http://mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/LEGO. This article describes the major features of the Web site, some of the site history and recent additions, and some related efforts that have had origins in this site.
Isomer-Specific Degradation and Endocrine Disrupting Activity of Nonylphenols (2008)

Degradation of technical nonylphenol by Sphingobium xenophagum Bayram led to a significant shift in the isomers composition of the mixture. By means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we could observe a strong correlation between transformation of individual isomers and their alpha-substitution pattern, as expressed by their assignment to one of six mass spectrometric groups. As a rule, isomers with less bulkiness at the alpha-carbon and those with an optimally sized main alkyl chain (4-6 carbon atoms) were degraded more efficiently. By mass spectrometric analysis, we identified the two most recalcitrant main isomers of the technical mixture (Group 4) as 4-(1,2-dimethyl-1-propylbutyl)phenols (NP193a and NP193b), which are diastereomers with a bulky alpha-CH3, alpha-CH(CH3)C2H5 substitution. Our experiments with strain Bayram show that the selective enrichment of isomers with bulky alpha-substitutions observed in nonylphenol fingerprints of natural systems can be caused by microbial ipso-hydroxylation. Based on the yeast estrogen assay (YES), we established an estrogenicity ranking with a variety of single isomers and compared it to rankings obtained with different reporter cell systems. Structure-activity relationships derived from these data suggest that Group 4 isomers have a high estrogenic potency. This indicates a substantial risk that enrichment of highly estrogenic isomers during microbial degradation by ipso-substitution will increase the specific estrogenicity of aging material.
Trapped-Ion Spin-Motion Coupling with Microwaves and a Near-Motional Oscillating Magnetic Field Gradient (2019)

We present a new method of spin-motion coupling for trapped ions using microwaves and a magnetic field gradient oscillating close to the ions' motional frequency. We demonstrate and characterize this coupling experimentally using a single ion in a surface-electrode trap that incorporates current-carrying electrodes to generate the microwave field and the oscillating magnetic field gradient. Using this method, we perform resolved-sideband cooling of a single motional mode to its ground state.
Effect of Brightener Systems on the Cathode and Anode Efficiencies of Nickel Plating Solutions (1983)

SummaryClaims have been made by commercial platers of increasing nickel solution enrichment on changing from one form of nickel anode material to another. To test these claims cathode and anode efficiency measurements were made on eleven proprietary bright nickel solutions, using both freshly prepared solutions and used solutions from commercial plating installations, at three current densities and with three forms of nickel anode material. These measurements showed that while the cathode efficiencies of freshly prepared solutions ranged between 70 and 99%, those of the commercially worked solutions were in a narrower range, between 85 and 99%. In both cases the efficiencies fell as the current density was reduced from 4 to 1A/dm2. The anode efficiency in all solutions was between 99 and 102%, independent of the anode material and solution.The results show that any changes in solution enrichment are caused by a change in the cathode efficiencies, due either to changes in operating conditions or more probably changes in the brightener systems. A change of anode material is without influence.
Guidance on spatial wildland fire analysis: models, tools, and techniques (2006)

There is an increasing need for spatial wildland fire analysis in support of incident management, fuel treatment planning, wildland-urban assessment, and land management plan development.However, little guidance has been provided to the field in the form of training, support, or research examples.This paper provides guidance to fire managers, planners, specialists, and analysts in the use of "models" (FARSITE, FlamMap, RERAP-Term), tools/programs (KCFAST, RAWS, FireFamily Plus, WindWizard), and procedures for spatial fire analysis.The approach includes a brief discussion about models and their assumptions and limitations, historical fire and weather analysis, landscape file data acquisition and development, landscape file and model output critique, and model calibration.
Deconvolution of Vibrational Data to Reduce the Ambiguity in Downhole Tool Failure (2016)

Abstract As the drilling industry enters the era of big data, it has become necessary to find ways to organize and understand the vast amounts of real-time high frequency data recorded. Shor et al. (2014) show that real-time accelerations recorded down hole actually differ from those predicted by various models, either in the high frequency range or at peak values. These differences in vibration levels can be attributed to noise from various sources, such as the motor or surface equipment, design of measurement devices, uneven shape of the borehole, and/or dynamic effects, such as dampening/cushioning of fluids, bit rock interactions, drillstring-borehole wall interactions, etc. These differences can cause real-time drill log analysts to miss instances of actual failure or predict false failures. The industry currently focuses on the peak and average values of the accelerations recorded down hole, and there is no established method to examine the trend of these accelerations. The methodology proposed in this paper first focuses on obtaining the actual unmodulated acceleration values from the recorded downhole gauge data and then processes these values to understand the trend of acceleration as the drilling proceeds. This demodulation (or deconvolution) of the recorded data can reduce the likliehood of false predictions and, at the same time, increase the credibility of the mode of acceleration predicted (and hence more accurately predict failure), which currently relies only on the experience of the engineer. Thus, this technique can make real-time data monitoring more reliable and simple. Further, if combined with a gamma ray log to know the lithology of the formation being drilled, this data monitoring technique can reveal a significant amount of information. In addition, this paper suggests calculating instantaneous jerk intensity and decomposing it to its monotonic intrinsic mode function. This reveals that these monotonic functions follow a certain trend, which might be useful in future endeavors to understand the underlying physics of drillstring failure.
Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC Recommendations 2012) (2012)

Like most of the materials used by humans, polymeric materials are proposed in the literature and occasionally exploited clinically, as such, as devices or as part of devices, by surgeons, dentists, and pharmacists to treat traumata and diseases. Applications have in common the fact that polymers function in contact with animal and human cells, tissues, and/or organs. More recently, people have realized that polymers that are used as plastics in packaging, as colloidal suspension in paints, and under many other forms in the environment, are also in contact with living systems and raise problems related to sustainability, delivery of chemicals or pollutants, and elimination of wastes. These problems are basically comparable to those found in therapy. Last but not least, biotechnology and renewable resources are regarded as attractive sources of polymers. In all cases, water, ions, biopolymers, cells, and tissues are involved. Polymer scientists, therapists, biologists, and ecologists should thus use the same terminology to reflect similar properties, phenomena, and mechanisms. Of particular interest is the domain of the so-called “degradable or biodegradable polymers” that are aimed at providing materials with specific time-limited applications in medicine and in the environment where the respect of living systems, the elimination, and/or the bio-recycling are mandatory, at least ideally.
Response of pigs to dietary inclusion of formic acid and ammonium formate1,2 (2007)

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal inclusion rate of dietary formic acid-ammonium formate (composition by weight was 62% formic acid and 37% ammonium formate) in nursery and grower-finisher diets or grower-finisher diets only. At weaning (d 21 +/- 2), 224 pigs (equal numbers of gilts and barrows) were blocked by BW within sex (28 pigs per BW block, 4 pigs per pen) and assigned randomly to 1 of 7 dietary treatments within each block. Dietary treatments (TRT), listed as percentage of dietary formic acid-ammonium formate in the nursery (NR) and the grower-finisher (GRF) diets, were as follows (NR and GRF): TRT 1: 0.0 and 0.0; TRT 2: 1.2 and 1.0; TRT 3: 0.0 and 1.0; TRT 4: 1.0 and 0.8; TRT 5: 0.0 and 0.8; TRT 6: 0.8 and 0.6; and TRT 7: 0.0 and 0.6. During the grower 2 (GR2) period, pigs fed treatments containing formic acid-ammonium formate in the nursery diets (TRT 2, TRT 4, and TRT 6) had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F than pigs fed diets containing formic acid-ammonium formate in the grower period only (TRT 3, TRT 5, and TRT 7). Average daily feed intake tended to decrease (NR1, P = 0.07) or decreased (NR2, P < 0.05) for pigs fed formic acid-ammonium formate in the nursery (TRT 2, TRT 4, and TRT 6) compared with pigs fed control diets (TRT 1, TRT 3, TRT 5, and TRT 7). The ADFI also decreased (P < 0.05) during the GR1 and GR2 periods for pigs fed diets containing formic acid-ammonium formate compared with pigs fed control (TRT 1). In the combined nursery data, there was no effect (P > 0.10) of treatment on ADG. Pigs on diets containing formic acid-ammonium formate ate less feed (P < 0.05) and had improved G:F (P < 0.05) compared with pigs on the control treatments (TRT 1, TRT 3, TRT 5, and TRT 7). Combining the grower-finisher phases, G:F was greater (P = 0.05) for pigs fed diets containing formic acid-ammonium formate than for pigs fed the control feed. The efficiency of gain (i.e., G:F) was improved by 3.5% for pigs fed all formic acid-ammonium formate treatments and ranged from 2.3 (TRT 7) to 5.9% (TRT 4) compared with pigs fed control (TRT 1). Combining all phases from nursery to finisher, the G:F ratio tended (P = 0.08) to be greater for pigs fed formic acid-ammonium formate compared with pigs fed control. The efficiency of gain was improved by 3.0% for pigs fed all formic acid-ammonium formate treatments, ranging from 1.8 (TRT 7) to 5.2% (TRT 4), compared with pigs fed the control diet (TRT 1).
Additive interaction of oxaliplatin and 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin in colon cancer cell lines results from inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB signaling. (2003)

Elucidation of the mechanism by which oxaliplatin induces cell death is essential to enhancing its action. We investigated the effects of oxaliplatin and 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) in a panel of four colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated at least additivity in three of the cell lines. Activation of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase pathway by oxaliplatin does not determine cytotoxicity. Activation of p38 was shown to be a key proapoptotic mediator of oxaliplatin-induced cell death. Modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AKT signaling had no impact on oxaliplatin toxicity in these cells. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB was constitutively active in all of the cell lines and was inhibited by 17-AAG. Down-regulation of NF-kappaB transactivation by pharmacological inhibitors enhanced oxaliplatin cytotoxicity. These data support an interaction between 17-AAG and components of the NF-kappaB pathway in the modulation of oxaliplatin sensitivity in colon cancer cells.
POSSIBLE ANTITUBERCULOUS COMPOUNDS. PART IX. PREPARATION OF BENZYLIDENE AND BENZYL DERIVATIVES OF 4-AMINODIPHENYLAMINE (1960)

Twelve new substituted <em>N</em>-benrylidene and the carresponding <em>N</em>-benzyl derivatives of 4-aminodiphenylamine have been synthesised with a view to ascertaining the effect of basic strength on antituberculous activity.
Fully pipelined DCT/IDCT/Hadamard unified transform architecture for HEVC Codec (2013)

Great amount of two-dimensional (2D) discrete cosine transforms and Hadamard transforms are executed in HEVC. Upon the end of real-time UHDTV Codec, the full pipeline variable block size 2D transform engine with the efficient hardware utilization is proposed to handle the DCT/IDCT and Hadamard transforms. The efficiency comes from two aspects. First, the hardware for small-size transforms is fully reused by other larger-size transform processing. Second, we devise the unified architecture for IDCT and DCT through the algorithm optimization. The maximum clock speed of our design is 311MHz under 90nm technology. Experiments demonstrate that, at 47MHz clock frequency, one proposed engine provides the throughput for 8K-UHDTV real-time decoding, and it also fully supports the real-time encoding of HDTV1080p@20fps with 311MHz clock speed <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
The effect of bifacial Sliver® Module orientation on energy production (2004)

ABSTRACT: The Sliver ® solar cell technology has the principal features of reduced silicon consumption (down by a factor ~12), a reduced number of wafers that need to be processed per kW (down by a factor of ~30), high efficiency (~19%) and perfect bifacial response. The bifacial response of cells allows a wide range of innovative Sliver ® module designs that cannot be achieved using conventional technology (monofacial modules). This work examines the relative performance of monofacial and bifacial modules in a variety of mounting configurations.
Query Processing Using Negative and Temporal Tuples in Stream Query Engines (2012)

In this paper, we analyze how stream monotonicity classification can be adopted for the introduced developed model, which processes both temporal and negative events. As we show, information about stream monotonicity can be easily used to optimize individual stream operators as well as a full query plan. Comparing our stream engine with such engines as CEDR, STREAM and PIPES we demonstrate how a primary key constraint can be used in different types of the developed stream schemes. We implemented all of the above techniques in StreamAPAS.
An Extensive Interaction Interface between Thrombin and Factor V Is Required for Factor V Activation (2001)

The interaction interface between human thrombin and human factor V (FV), necessary for complex formation and cleavage to generate factor Va, was investigated using a site-directed mutagenesis strategy. Fifty-three recombinant thrombins, with a total of 78 solvent-exposed basic and polar residues substituted with alanine, were used in a two-stage clotting assay with human FV. Seventeen mutants with less than 50% of wild-type (WT) thrombin FV activation were identified and mapped to anion-binding exosite I (ABE-I), anion-binding exosite II (ABE-II), the Leu(45)-Asn(57) insertion loop, and the Na(+) binding loop of thrombin. Three ABE-I mutants (R68A, R70A, and Y71A) and the ABE-II mutant R98A had less than 30% of WT activity. The thrombin Na(+) binding loop mutants, E229A and R233A, and the Leu(45)-Asn(57) insertion loop mutant, W50A, had a major effect on FV activation with 5, 15, and 29% of WT activity, respectively. The K52A mutant, which maps to the S' specificity pocket, had 29% of WT activity. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of cleavage reactions using the thrombin ABE mutants R68A, Y71A, and R98A, the Na(+) binding loop mutant E229A, and the Leu(45)-Asn(57) insertion loop mutant W50A showed a requirement for both ABEs and the Na(+)-bound form of thrombin for efficient cleavage at the FV residue Arg(709). Several basic residues in both ABEs have moderate decreases in FV activation (40-60% of WT activity), indicating a role for the positive electrostatic fields generated by both ABEs in enhancing complex formation with complementary negative electrostatic fields generated by FV. The data show that thrombin activation of FV requires an extensive interaction interface with thrombin. Both ABE-I and ABE-II and the S' subsite are required for optimal cleavage, and the Na(+)-bound form of thrombin is important for its procoagulant activity.
Pulmonary epithelial stem cells (2004)

Classically, the stem/progenitor cells of the pulmonary epithelium are considered to be the basal and mucous cells of the proximal airways, Clara cells in the bronchioles and type II pneumocytes in the alveoli. Recent data suggest that there is a variant of Clara cells, lying in pulmonary neuroendocrine bodies, that meets several stem cell criteria and that type II pneumocytes exist in at least two populations, one of which is more resistant to injury. However, a complete revision of our understanding of pulmonary stem cell biology is underway as a result of the discovery of pulmonary epithelium derived from blood-borne cells. In addition, the existence in the lung of a 'universal' pluripotent cell has long been speculated upon and now some initial evidence has emerged with the identification of a spore-like cell that can differentiate in vitro to bronchiolar tissue.
Analysis of an advanced satellite digital audio broadcasting system and complementary terrestrial gap-filler single frequency network (1994)

Digital audio broadcasting (DAB) to mobile and fixed users exploiting the latest advances in compression coding, and transmission techniques represents an appealing application for future satellite systems. This paper introduces coded quasi-orthogonal code division multiplexing (CQO-CDM) as a transmission technique for digital audio broadcasting. The proposed technique performs well over both the L-band satellite fading channel and the terrestrial gap-filler type of transmission. Preliminary link budgets based on extensive computer simulation results are provided. Numerical results show that remarkable overall capacity can be achieved by using a constellation of satellites in highly elliptical orbit (HEO) complemented by a terrestrial gap-filler network. A variety of transmission rates and hence broadcasting services can be realized with the proposed transmission technique. It is shown that a geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite can provide limited service availability to the mobile user, but can also be used for experimental purposes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Factors regulating template switch <i>in vitro</i> by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases: Implications for RNA–RNA recombination (2001)

Copy-choice RNA recombination occurs during viral RNA synthesis when the viral transcription complex switches templates. We demonstrate that RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from bovine viral diarrhea virus and the replicases from three plant-infecting RNA viruses can produce easily detectable recombination products in vitro by switching templates during elongative RNA synthesis. Template sequence and/or structure, and NTP availability affected the frequency of template switch by the transcription complex. Our results provide biochemical support for copy-choice recombination and establish assays for mechanistic analyses of intermolecular RNA recombination in vitro.
Electrostatic self-assembly of virus–polymer complexes (2010)

Amine functionalised and consequently cationic linear polymers, Newkome-type dendrons and PAMAM dendrimers can efficiently form electrostatic complexes with negatively charged cowpea chlorotic mottle viruses (CCMVs). The complexes have been characterised by dynamic light scattering (DLS), gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), which describe in detail how the size and structure topology of the polyamine controls the complex formation with the virus. DLS results show that the complexes are approximately 1–2 µm in diameter, and their size can be tuned with the charge valency of the polymer and the ionic concentration of the media. TEM images and SAXS measurements demonstrate that individual virus particles can adopt hexagonal close packing within the complex and the observed distance between lattice points (27.9 nm) corresponds to the diameter of the native virus, which is 28 nm. Also the empty viral capsids and capsids loaded with Prussian blue nanoparticles can be assembled, which suggests that by controlling the assembly of the virus, it is possible to control the assembly of any material that is held inside the virus.
On the Boundary Conditions for the Glansdorff-Prigogine Evolution Criterion in Discontinuous Systems (1977)

Article On the Boundary Conditions for the Glansdorff-Prigogine Evolution Criterion in Discontinuous Systems was published on February 1, 1977 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 107, issue 2).