gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The development of wearable-type artificial endocrine pancreas and its usefulness in glycaemic control of human diabetes mellitus. (1984)

We have succeeded in miniaturizing a glucose monitoring system into a needle-type which preserves the characteristics suitable for application in a wearable closed-loop control system. The wearable artificial endocrine pancreas (12 X 15 X 6 cm, 400 g) consists of the sensor, a microcomputer which calculates the insulin and glucagon infusion rates and of a 2-syringe driving system. The device succeeded in controlling glycaemia perfectly in depancreatized dogs for a period of 3 days, and with replacement of subcutaneously inserted sensor for up to 7 days. When glucose monitoring by a needle-type glucose sensor inserted into subcutaneous tissue of the forearm or abdomen of healthy and diabetic volunteers was attempted, the readings were about 10% lower than blood glucose concentrations, but good correlation between them was observed in the range of 60 to 400 mg/dl. Perfect glycaemic control was established by infusing insulin either intravenously or subcutaneously in response to measured glucose concentrations on a moment-to-moment basis in diabetics for a period of several days. These results might indicate the feasibility of long-term glycaemic control in ambulatory diabetic patients with a wearable closed-loop glycaemic control system.
Service oriented architecture in robotic as a platform for cloud robotic (Case study: Human gesture based teleoperation for upper part of humanoid robot) (2012)

A service oriented architecture with Robot Operating System is developed for upper part humanoid robot teleoperation with human gesture recognition. This architecture enables the system to distributed in nodes do physically do not change the humanoid weight.
The calcitonin-CGRP gene in the infantile hypercalcaemia/Williams-Beuren syndrome. (1989)

We have investigated 13 families, each of which have one member with infantile hypercalcaemia/Williams-Beuren syndrome (IHWBS), for either a germ cell mutation of, or an association with, the calcitonin-CGRP gene. Restriction fragment mapping studies of the calcitonin-CGRP gene using five restriction enzymes (TaqI, Bg/II, PvuII, PstI, and SacI) and region specific probes failed to show any abnormalities of this gene complex. NO association of IHWBS with polymorphism of the calcitonin-CGRP/parathormone locus was found. Therefore, although the aetiology of IHWBS may be caused by a new dominant mutation, there is no evidence to implicate major rearrangements of the calcitonin-CGRP and parathormone genes.
Depth intra skip prediction for 3D video coding (2012)

Depth image compression play a key role in the 3D video system. It can be used as supplementary data for rendering. In this paper, we present a depth intra skip prediction for 3D video coding. The depth intra skip prediction is designed based on the intra 16x16 mode. It exploits the estimated prediction direction which is derived from the adjacent neighboring pixels and does not encode any residual data. The proposed depth intra skip prediction is allowed for I slice as well as P and B slices. The usage of the depth intra skip prediction is signaled by a newly defined macroblock level flag. From the experiments, we confirm that the proposed depth intra skip prediction reduces the depth bit rate by up to 18.69% while preserving same synthesis quality for the virtual views.
Analysis of the curing behavior of unsaturated polyester resins using the approach of free radical polymerization (1987)

The approach of free radical polymerization is adapted to develop a kinetic model for predicting the curing behavior of unsaturated polyester resins. The approach taken here is essentially similar to that advanced by Stevenson with some modifications, namely (1) the efficiency of the initiator is assumed to decrease with conversion, (2) no assumption was made a priori on the magnitude of the rate constants for the termination and inhibition reactions, and (3) the propagation rate constant was assumed to be represented by kp = Aoexp(−Ep/RT) ˙[1 − (α/αf)]m, and the termination rate constant by kt = Boexp( − Et/RT)[1 - (α/αf)]n, in which Ao and Bo are preexponential constants, Ep and Et are the activation energies for the propagation and termination reactions, respectively, R is the universal gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, α is the degree of conversion, αf is the final degree of conversion, and m and n are constants to be determined by numerical simulation. A computer program was developed to search for the optimal values of all the parameters involved, to minimize the difference between the predicted and experimentally determined rate of conversion and the degree of conversion simultaneously. An experimental study was also conducted on the cure of unsaturated polyester resin, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under isothermal conditions and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The degree of cure was determined from the total heat generated during cure, with the aid of the IR spectra of the residual double bonds in the cured resin. The predictability of the mechanistic model developed is presented and the usefulness of the model for simulating various processing operations is discussed.
Structural Health Monitoring for Composite Materials (2012)

A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more distinct materials at a macroscopic level to attain new properties that can’t be achieved by those of individual components acting alone. Different from metallic alloys, each material keeps its own chemical, physical and mechanical properties [1]. Composite materials have reinforcing and matrix phases. The reinforcing phase with higher strength and stiffness is usually fibers, flakes or particles while the matrix phase can be polymers, ceramics or metals. Composite materials are commonly classified into four types, i.e., fibrous composite materials, laminated composite materials, particulate composite materials and the others [2].
ASYMMETRIC NOZZLE DESIGNS INCREASE PENETRATION RATE (1996)

Asymmetric nozzle designs can change drill bit hydraulics significantly, increasing penetration rates. The results for both polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits and rock bits verify a significant increase in the rate of penetration (ROP) by simply changing to a new family of nozzle designs while holding other parameters constant. The Vortexx Group Inc. used a unique geometric transition shape and basic fluid mechanics concepts to develop a negative impingement pressure nozzle that increases turbulence. These patented nozzle designs produce regions of both positive and negative pressure on a surface when the fluid flowing through the nozzle impinges on the surface. Some of the early Vortexx nozzle designs were used successfully in the field where good offset data were available. These successes led to the improved nozzle designs that were then tested in typical drilling research facilities to determine which bit design parameters could be changed to take better advantage of the new hydraulics at the well bore face. The paper discusses the PDC lab tests, rock bit lab test, field test offset data, fluid mechanics, nozzle pressure tests, CFD studies, and results.
Inhibitory effect of matrine on the in vitro invasiveness of human malignant melanoma cell line A375 (2006)

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of matrine on the invasiveness of human malignant melanoma cell line A375,and the mechanism of this effect.Methods MTT assay and Annex- in-V-FIFT/PI double staining were performed to examine the effects of matrine on the proliferation and apoptosis of A375 cells.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of hep- aranase in the treated cells.The adhesion and invasiveness of A375 cells were tested by cell-matrigel adhe- sion assay and matrigel invasion assay,respectively.Results Matrine (≥0.5 mg/mL) significantly inhibit- ed the proliferation of A375 cells,and induced apoptosis of these cells;both effects were in a dose-depen- dent manner.The heparanase-mRNA expression in A375 cells were significantly decreased by 0.125～0.5 mg/mL matrine,as were the adhesion and invasiveness of these cells (all P＜0.01);all the effects were in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0.01).Conclusions Matrine inhibited the adhesion and invasiveness of A375 cells in vitro.These effects could be due to the inhibition of cellular proliferation,induction of cellu- lar apoptosis and down-regulation of heparanase-mRNA expression.
Relationship between Peak Milk Yield and Udder Parameters of Dehong Crossbred Dairy Buffaloes (2018)

To determine the relationship between udder traits and peak milk yield, udder parameters of 203 Dehong crossbred dairy buffaloes were measured. The average peak milk yield (kg/day) of buffaloes was 9.60 ± 2.73, with average udder dimensions of 16.51 ± 10.05, 8.07 ± 3.26, 8.68 ± 3.92, 50.74 ± 8.82, 11.38 ± 3.08, 7.18 ± 2.18 and 7.73 ± 2.15 cm for udder depth, rear udder width, rear udder height, udder length, distance of fore teats, distance of rear teats, and distance of fore-rear teats, respectively. The peak milk yield was negatively correlated with udder depth (r=-0.28, P
High-speed line-field confocal holographic microscope for quantitative phase imaging (2016)

We present a high-speed and phase-sensitive reflectance line-scanning confocal holographic microscope (LCHM). We achieved rapid confocal imaging using a fast line-scan CCD camera and quantitative phase imaging using off-axis digital holography (DH) on a 1D, line-by-line basis in our prototype experiment. Using a 20 kHz line scan rate, we achieved a frame rate of 20 Hz for 512x512 pixels en-face confocal images. We realized coherent holographic detection two different ways. We first present a LCHM using off-axis configuration. By using a microscope objective of a NA 0.65, we achieved axial and lateral resolution of ~3.5 micrometers and ~0.8 micrometers, respectively. We demonstrated surface profile measurement of a phase target at nanometer precision and the digital refocusing of a defocused confocal en-face image. Ultrahigh temporal resolution M mode is demonstrated by measuring the vibration of a PZT-actuated mirror driven by a sine wave at 1 kHz. We then report our experimental work on a LCHM using an in-line configuration. In this in-line LCHM, the coherent detection is enabled by moving the reference arm at a constant speed, thereby introducing a Doppler frequency shift that leads to spatial interference fringes along the scanning direction. Lastly, we present a unified formulation that treats off-axis and in-line LCHM in a unified joint spatiotemporal modulation framework and provide a connection between LCHM and the traditional off-axis DH. The presented high-speed LCHM may find applications in optical metrology and biomedical imaging.
Adeno-Associated Virus Production of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Neutralizes Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Reduces Arthritis (2000)

The major limitation of adenovirus is its association with induction of an inflammatory response and relatively short-term production of the gene therapy transgene product. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a 4.68-kb single-strand DNA virus that contains ITRs for viral replication and a packaging signal, and also has been engineered to contain therapeutic genes up to 5 kb in length. Transduction of recombinant AAV (rAAV) results in low inflammatory response and long-term expression. We have cloned a low-immunogenic form of human sTNFRI (sTNFRI2.6D) into AAV (rAAVsTNFRI). This vector was analyzed for its ability to transfect and neutralize the effect of TNF-alpha on primary rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast (RASFs). The rAAVsTNFRI was transduced into the cells at 1.8 x 10(1), 1.8 x 10(2), and 1.8 x 10(3) viral particles per cell. There was greater than 90% neutralization of TNF-alpha at 1.8 x 10(3) viral particles/cell. There was a significant decrease in the synovial cell hyperplasia and cartilage and bone destruction in human TNF-alpha transgenic mice treated intraarticularly with rAAVsTNFRI. These results indicate that the low-immunogenic and long-term expressing vector, rAAVsTNFRI, can be used to deliver the soluble TNF-alpha in vitro and in vivo and effectively reduce the severity of arthritis.
Broadband Frequency Dividers Using Microwave Varactors (2005)

A novel configuration using GaAs varactors in a balanced circuit incorporating both coplanar waveguide and microstrip elements has permitted the construction of frequency dividers which have near-octave divide-by-two bandwidth and excellent response to pulsed r.f. inputs. The design and performance of such a frequency divider for inputs in the 4 to 8 GHz range is discussed.
Oxidative processes and antioxidative defense mechanisms in the aging brain <sup>1</sup> (1995)

The debilitating consequences of age-related brain deterioration are widespread and extremely costly in terms of quality of life and longevity. One of the potential major causes of age-related destruction of neuronal tissue is toxic free radicals that are a natural result of aerobic metabolism. The brain is particularly susceptible to free radical attack because it generates more of these toxicants per gram of tissue than does any other organ. The major defense mechanisms the brain uses to combat reducing equivalents is via their enzymatic metabolism. The vitamin antioxidants, vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol in particular) and vitamin C (ascorbate), also aid in protecting the brain from oxidative stress by directly scavenging toxic radicals. A newly discovered, potentially highly important antioxidant in the brain is the indole melatonin. The pineal hormone melatonin is rapidly taken up by the brain. In vitro melatonin is more effective than glutathione in scavenging the highly toxic hydroxyl radical and also more efficient than vitamin E in neutralizing the peroxyl radical. Furthermore, it stimulates the main antioxidant enzyme of the brain, glutathione peroxidase. In vivo melatonin is a potent antioxidant and it lacks prooxidant actions.
<i>In vivo</i> treatment with anti‐interleukin‐13 antibodies significantly reduces the humoral immune response against an oral immunogen in mice (1996)

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a cytokine which significantly enhances the proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes. We therefore evaluated its role in the formation of a humoral immune response in vivo. Upon oral immunization with the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT-B), rapid up-regulation of IL-13 mRNA expression in the mesenteric lymph nodes of LT-B intubated mice occurred. This result suggested that IL-13 might be involved in the formation of a mucosal antibody response against LT-B if this cytokine was in fact secreted. To test this possibility, the coding region for murine IL-13 was cloned into the pFLAG-1 expression vector. Recombinant murine IL-13 was purified from bacterial lysates and used as an immunogen to produce polyclonal anti-IL-13 antibodies. Groups of BALB/c mice treated in vivo with anti-IL-13 antibody 2 days before and on the day of oral immunization with LT-B had significantly reduced intestinal IgA and serum IgG and IgA anti-LT-B antibody responses when compared to mice treated with control antibody. Furthermore, groups of mice primed with LT-B and then treated with anti-IL-13 antibody prior to oral immunization with a second dose of LT-B also had significantly reduced intestinal IgA and serum IgG and IgA anti-LT-B antibody titres compared to controls. In vitro LT-B restimulation experiments using splenic mononuclear leucocytes isolated from LT-B primed mice treated with anti-IL-13 antibody demonstrated decreased expression of IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA and decreased IL-4 secretion when compared to controls. Together these results demonstrate an important role for IL-13 in the formation of a humoral immune response at mucosal surfaces.
The Chaotropic Effect as an Assembly Motif in Chemistry (2018)

Following up on scattered reports on interactions of conventional chaotropic ions (for example, I<sup>-</sup> , SCN<sup>-</sup> , ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> ) with macrocyclic host molecules, biomolecules, and hydrophobic neutral surfaces in aqueous solution, the chaotropic effect has recently emerged as a generic driving force for supramolecular assembly, orthogonal to the hydrophobic effect. The chaotropic effect becomes most effective for very large ions that extend beyond the classical Hofmeister scale and that can be referred to as superchaotropic ions (for example, borate clusters and polyoxometalates). In this Minireview, we present a continuous scale of water-solute interactions that includes the solvation of kosmotropic, chaotropic, and hydrophobic solutes, as well as the creation of void space (cavitation). Recent examples for the association of chaotropic anions to hydrophobic synthetic and biological binding sites, lipid bilayers, and surfaces are discussed.
Highly Stable ZnO Thin Films by Atomic Layer Deposition (1998)

B-doped ZnO films were prepared on Corning 7059 glass by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using diethylzinc (DEZn) and H 2 O as reactant gases, and diborane (B 2 H 6 ) as the dopant gas. The stability of the electrical properties of the obtained ZnO films was investigated. Variations in the electrical properties of the ZnO films with air exposure and heat treatment were observed. The stability of the electrical properties of the ZnO films grown by metalorganic vapor deposition (MOCVD) and photo-MOCVD was also investigated. It was found that the electrical properties of ZnO films grown by ALD were very stable, indicating that the ALD technique is attractive for the deposition of high-quality transparent conducting ZnO films.
Fill-factor improvement of Si CMOS single-photon avalanche diode detector arrays by integration of diffractive microlens arrays (2015)

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector arrays generally suffer from having a low fill-factor, in which the photo-sensitive area of each pixel is small compared to the overall area of the pixel. This paper describes the integration of different configurations of high efficiency diffractive optical microlens arrays onto a 32 × 32 SPAD array, fabricated using a 0.35 µm CMOS technology process. The characterization of SPAD arrays with integrated microlens arrays is reported over the spectral range of 500-900 nm, and a range of f-numbers from f/2 to f/22. We report an average concentration factor of 15 measured for the entire SPAD array with integrated microlens array. The integrated SPAD and microlens array demonstrated a very high uniformity in overall efficiency.
Case 48-1973 (1973)

Presentation of CaseA 50-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever.Twenty-two years previously bloody diarrhea occurred, and a barium-enema examination showed changes consistent with ulcerative colitis. His symptoms improved but recurred 15 years before entry, and his weight decreased to less than 46 kg. Fourteen years before admission evaluation at this hospital revealed the malabsorption syndrome, and a biopsy of the small intestine disclosed villous atrophy consistent with sprue. A gluten-free diet was prescribed, with control of the diarrhea and a gain in weight. Five years later gastrointestinal bleeding occurred; an exploratory laparotomy revealed no source . . .
Biological studies on 1,2-benzisothiazole derivatives. II. Evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and DNA-damaging activities of 3-amino, 3-acylamino, 3-alkylaminoacylamino derivatives. (1989)

The in vitro evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and DNA-damaging properties of some 3-amino, 3-acylamino and 3-alkylaminoacylamino derivatives of 1,2-benzisothiazole is described. Compounds 1-8, 38 and 48 exhibited a selective antifungal activity while the other compounds did not show any significative activity. None of the compounds tested turned out to have any genotoxic properties.
A 14nm FinFET transistor-level 3D partitioning design to enable high-performance and low-cost monolithic 3D IC (2016)

Monolithic 3D IC (M3D) shows degradation in performance compared to 2D IC due to the restricted thermal budget during fabrication of sequential device layers. A transistor-level (TR-L) partitioning design is used in M3D to mitigate this degradation. Silicon validated 14nm FinFET data and models are used in a device-to-system evaluation to compare the TR-L partitioned M3D's (TR-L M3D) performance against the conventional gate-level (G-L) partitioned M3D's performance as well as standard 2D IC. Extensive cell-level and system-level evaluation, including various device and interconnect process options, shows that the TR-L M3D provides up to 20% improved performance while still maintaining around 30% power saving compared to standard 2D IC. Additionally, the TR-L partitioning design enables M3D with a simplified process flow that leads to 23% lower cost compared to that of G-L partitioning scheme.
Bystander effect produced by radiolabeled tumor cells <i>in</i> <i>vivo</i> (2002)

The bystander effect, originating from cells irradiated in vitro, describes the biologic response(s) of surrounding cells not directly targeted by a radiation insult. To overcome the limitations of in vitro tissue culture models and determine whether a bystander effect that is initiated by the in vivo decay of a radionuclide can be demonstrated in an animal, the ability of 5-[(125)I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ((125)IUdR)-labeled tumor cells to exert a damaging effect on neighboring unlabeled tumor cells growing s.c. in nude mice has been investigated. When mice are injected with a mixture of human colon LS174T adenocarcinoma cells and LS174T cells prelabeled with lethal doses of DNA-incorporated (125)I, a distinct inhibitory effect on the growth of s.c. tumor (derived from unlabeled cells) is observed. Because (i) the (125)I present within the cells is DNA-bound, (ii) approximately 99% of the electrons emitted by the decaying (125)I atoms have a subcellular range (<0.5 microm), and (iii) the overall radiation dose deposited by radiolabeled cells in the unlabeled cells within the growing tumor is <10 cGy, we conclude that the results obtained are a consequence of a bystander effect that is generated in vivo by factor(s) present within and/or released from the (125)IUdR-labeled cells. These in vivo findings significantly impact the current dogma for assessing the therapeutic potential of internally administered radionuclides. They also call for reevaluation of the approaches currently used for estimating the risks to individuals and populations inadvertently exposed internally to radioactivity as well as to patients undergoing routine diagnostic nuclear medical procedures.
All-SIP Mobility: Session Continuity on Handover in Heterogeneous Access Environment (2007)

Given the high performance of recent access networks and mobile terminals, it has become feasible for mobile nodes to support multiple ongoing sessions while they are moving. However, in the heterogeneous access network environment, the IP addresses of mobile nodes are forced to change when they switch networks. In this paper, we introduce a simple network platform on which inter-network handover can be efficiently realized. We then propose the SIP-MIP controlled mobility architecture, which prevents QoS degradation of real-time sessions while keeping TCP connections alive. We also propose the all-SIP mobility architecture; it literally uses only SIP components to maintain both TCP and UDP sessions. The proposed architecture eliminates the cost issue and residual drawbacks of using MIP. In addition, both architectures require little or no modification on the server side, which makes them more cost effective and easier to deploy on existing infrastructure.