gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of Axin1 conditional mutant mice (2010)

Axin1 is a critical negative regulator of the canonical Wnt-signaling pathway. It is a concentration-limiting factor in the β-catenin degradation complex. Axin1 null mutant mouse embryos died at embryonic day 9.5, precluding direct genetic analysis of the roles of Axin1 in many developmental and physiological processes using these mutant mice. In this study, we have generated mice carrying two directly repeated loxP sites flanking the exon 2 region of the Axin1 gene. We show that floxed-allele-carrying mice (Axin1( fx/fx) ) mice appear normal and fertile. Upon crossing the Axin1( fx/fx) mice to the CMV-Cre transgenic mice, the loxP-flanked exon 2 region that encodes the N-terminus and the conserved regulation of G-protein signaling domain was efficiently deleted by Cre-mediated excision in vivo. Moreover, we show that mouse embryos homozygous for the Cre/loxP-mediated deletion of exon 2 of the Axin1 gene display embryonic lethality and developmental defects similar to those reported for Axin1(-/-) mice. Thus, this Axin1(fx/fx) mouse model will be valuable for systematic tissue-specific dissection of the roles of Axin1 in embryonic and postnatal development and diseases.
Bioanalytical applications of fluorescence spectroscopy (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBioanalytical applications of fluorescence spectroscopyFrank V. BrightCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 18, 1031A–1039APublication Date (Print):September 15, 1988Publication History Published online22 September 2008Published inissue 15 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00169a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00169a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views754Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Substrate-effected release of surface-located protein kinase from intact cells. (1983)

Protein kinase activity that is independent of cAMP has been reported to exist on the surface of intact HeLa cells. Here we report that the protein kinase activity can be released by the use of casein or phosvitin within a short period of time. The discharge of the enzyme occurs from intact cells since (i) the cells do not release intracellular material and (ii) the cultures continue to grow within any morphological alteration. As shown with phosvitin, the release of protein kinase depends on substrate concentration, incubation time, and temperature. The degree of inducible release or surface protein kinase is inversely related to cell density. Four incubations with phosvitin (1 mg/ml) are sufficient to liberate most of the enzyme, thus greatly reducing the capacity of the cells to phosphorylate cellular substrates at the surface. Within approximately 24 hr after protein kinase removal, cultures have restored their surface protein kinase. Cultured cells of different origin (rat liver, mouse cerebellum, and human lung) exhibited phosvitin-induced protein kinase release from intact cells. The possible significance of these observations with respect to extracellular protein phosphorylation is discussed.
Cochlear Implant – State of the Art (2017)

Cochlear implants are the treatment of choice for auditory rehabilitation of patients with sensory deafness. They restore the missing function of inner hair cells by transforming the acoustic signal into electrical stimuli for activation of auditory nerve fibers. Due to the very fast technology development, cochlear implants provide open-set speech understanding in the majority of patients including the use of the telephone. Children can achieve a near to normal speech and language development provided their deafness is detected early after onset and implantation is performed quickly thereafter. The diagnostic procedure as well as the surgical technique have been standardized and can be adapted to the individual anatomical and physiological needs both in children and adults. Special cases such as cochlear obliteration might require special measures and re-implantation, which can be done in most cases in a straight forward way. Technology upgrades count for better performance. Future developments will focus on better electrode-nerve interfaces by improving electrode technology. An increased number of electrical contacts as well as the biological treatment with regeneration of the dendrites growing onto the electrode will increase the number of electrical channels. This will give room for improved speech coding strategies in order to create the bionic ear, i.e. to restore the process of natural hearing by means of technology. The robot-assisted surgery will allow for high precision surgery and reliable hearing preservation. Biological therapies will support the bionic ear. Methods are bio-hybrid electrodes, which are coded by stem cells transplanted into the inner ear to enhance auto-production of neurotrophins. Local drug delivery will focus on suppression of trauma reaction and local regeneration. Gene therapy by nanoparticles will hopefully lead to the preservation of residual hearing in patients being affected by genetic hearing loss. Overall the cochlear implant is a very powerful tool to rehabilitate patients with sensory deafness. More than 1 million of candidates in Germany today could benefit from this high technology auditory implant. Only 50,000 are implanted so far. In the future, the procedure can be done under local anesthesia, will be minimally invasive and straight forward. Hearing preservation will be routine.
Multiple agent autonomous hybrid control systems (2005)

Current research efforts in the development of a formal model for the control of dynamic, real-time autonomous systems in which multiple decision makers, control the plant are surveyed. The model provides a formal framework for expressing the interaction between evolution (continuous) and knowledge (discrete) components. This is the central characteristic of hybrid systems. The essence of the interaction between the evolution and discrete components is the continuity of the behavior of the system, as viewed by each of its agents, with respect to the topology defined by the knowledge. The model is being developed via a computational architecture whose central functionality is online, distributed theorem proving and reactivity. The central elements of this architecture are the controlling agents and the interagent communication network. Each agent is provided with an inferencer, a theorem planner, and a communication protocol device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Meme Ranking Problem: Maximizing Microblogging Virality (2010)

Microblogging is a communication paradigm in which users post bits of information (brief text updates or micro media such as photos, video or audio clips) that are visible by their communities. When a user finds a “meme” of another user interesting, she can eventually repost it, thus allowing memes to propagate virally trough a social network. In this paper we introduce the meme ranking problem, as the problem of selecting which k memes (among the ones posted their contacts) to show to users when they log into the system. The objective is to maximize the overall activity of the network, that is, the total number of reposts that occur. We deeply characterize the problem showing that not only exact solutions are unfeasible, but also approximated solutions are prohibitive to be adopted in an on-line setting. Therefore we devise a set of heuristics and we compare them trough an extensive simulation based on the real-world Yahoo! Meme social graph, and with parameters learnt from real logs of meme propagations. Our experimentation demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of these methods.
A new therapeutic approach to treat psoriasis by inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by Etomoxir (2005)

We conclude that fatty acid metabolism and in particular CPT-1 may be an excellent target for treatment of psoriasis.
Phages: their role in bacterial pathogenesis and biotechnology. (2005)

Table of Contents Part I. Setting the Stage: General Information 1. History of Phage Research and Phage Therapy, William C. Summers 2. Phage Biology, Richard Calendar and Ross Inman 3. Lysogeny, Prophage Induction, and Lysogenic Conversion, John W. Little 4. Bacteriophage Evolution and the Role of Phages in Host Evolution, Roger W. Hendrix 5. Phage Ecology and Bacterial Pathogenesis, Mya Breitbart, Forest Rohwer and Stephan T. Abedon 6. Phage Lysis, Ry Young Part II. The Core of the Issue: Phage Contribution to Virulence 7. Lambdoid Phages and Shiga Toxin, Jessica S. Tyler, Jonathan Livny, and David I. Friedman 8. The Prophage Arsenal of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium, Lionello Bossi and Nara Figueroa-Bossi 9. Virulence-Linked Bacteriophages of Pathogenic Vibrios, Brigid M. Davis and Matthew K. Waldor 10. Bordetella Phages, A. Hodes, S. Doulatov, and J. F. Miller 11. Mycoplasma Phages, Kevin Dybvig, Anh-Hue Tu, and Brenda Clapper 12. Mycobacteriophages: Pathogenesis and Applications, Graham F. Hatfull 13. Phages and Bacterial Vaginosis, Lin Tao, Sylvia I. Pavlova, and Ali O. Kilic 14. Bacteriophages Encoding Botulinum and Diphtheria Toxins, Eric A. Johnson 15. Staphylococcal Phages, Avery M. Matthews and Richard P. Novick 16. The Contribution of Phages to Group A Streptococcus Genetic Diversity and Pathogenesis, David J. Banks, Stephen B. Beres, and James M. Musser 17. Pneumococcal Phages, Pedro Garcia, Jose L. Garcia, Rubens Lopez, and Ernesto Garcia 18. Listeria Phages: Basics and Applications, Martin J. Loessner and Catherine E. D. Rees Part III. Utility of Phage: Direct Application to Technology 19. Recombineering in Prokaryotes, Lynn C. Thomason, Richard S. Myers, Amos Oppenheim, Nina Costantino, James A. Sawitzke, Simanti Datta, Mikhail Bubunenko, and Donald L. Court 20. Polysaccharide-Degrading Phages, Dean Scholl and Carl Merril 21. Phage Display: a Molecular Fashion Show, Amita Gupta, Amos B. Oppenheim, and Vijay K. Chaudhary 22. The Use of Phages in Therapy and Bacterial Detection, Michael McKinstry and Rotem Edgar
Response to valganciclovir in chronic fatigue syndrome patients with human herpesvirus 6 and Epstein–Barr virus IgG antibody titers (2012)

Valganciclovir has been reported to improve physical and cognitive symptoms in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) with elevated human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgG antibody titers. This study investigated whether antibody titers against HHV-6 and EBV were associated with clinical response to valganciclovir in a subset of CFS patients. An uncontrolled, unblinded retrospective chart review was performed on 61 CFS patients treated with 900 mg valganciclovir daily (55 of whom took an induction dose of 1,800 mg daily for the first 3 weeks). Antibody titers were considered high if HHV-6 IgG ≥ 1:320, EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG ≥ 1:640, and EBV early antigen (EA) IgG ≥ 1:160. Patients self-rated physical and cognitive functioning as a percentage of their functioning prior to illness. Patients were categorized as responders if they experienced at least 30% improvement in physical and/or cognitive functioning. Thirty-two patients (52%) were categorized as responders. Among these, 19 patients (59%) responded physically and 26 patients (81%) responded cognitively. Baseline antibody titers showed no significant association with response. After treatment, the average change in physical and cognitive functioning levels for all patients was +19% and +23%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Longer treatment was associated with improved response (P = 0.0002). No significant difference was found between responders and non-responders among other variables analyzed. Valganciclovir treatment, independent of the baseline antibody titers, was associated with self-rated improvement in physical and cognitive functioning for CFS patients who had positive HHV-6 and/or EBV serologies. Longer valganciclovir treatment correlated with an improved response.
A high-frequency temperature-stable monolithic VCO (1981)

A new high-frequency monolithic voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is described that achieves /spl plusmn/60 ppm//spl deg/C temperature coefficient of frequency over 0-75/spl deg/C at center frequencies from DC to 20 MHz. The circuit also exhibits good linearity of voltage to frequency, and excellent triangle output waveform over the whole frequency range from low frequencies to 20 MHz. The circuit is fabricated using an eight mask IC process and has a die size of 65/spl times/50 mils/SUP 2/.
Atherosclerosis and Atheroma Plaque Rupture: Normal Anatomy of Vasa Vasorum and Their Role Associated with Atherosclerosis (2014)

Atherosclerosis is primarily a degenerative disorder related to aging with a chronic inflammatory component. There are differences in expression among different vascular beds, inflicting a range of vascular diseases. The majority of studies focus on the inner and medial vascular layers, which are affected at the development of atherosclerosis. Recent evidence shows that the outer layer of blood vessels, composed of the adventitial layer and the vasa vasorum, not only plays a significant role in maintaining vessel integrity, but also reacts to atheroma. What is not clear is the extent of contribution of the outer layer to the process of atherosclerosis. Is it involved in the initiation, progression, and clinical expression of atheroma? Is the inflammation associated with atheroma limited to being merely reactive or is there a proactive element? This paper provides an overview of the normal anatomy of vasa vasorum and potential mechanism of plaque formation due to vascular injury (vasa vasorum) and microhemorrhage.
Atonal homolog 1 Is a Tumor Suppressor Gene (2009)

Colon cancer accounts for more than 10% of all cancer deaths annually. Our genetic evidence from Drosophila and previous in vitro studies of mammalian Atonal homolog 1 (Atoh1, also called Math1 or Hath1) suggest an anti-oncogenic function for the Atonal group of proneural basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. We asked whether mouse Atoh1 and human ATOH1 act as tumor suppressor genes in vivo. Genetic knockouts in mouse and molecular analyses in the mouse and in human cancer cell lines support a tumor suppressor function for ATOH1. ATOH1 antagonizes tumor formation and growth by regulating proliferation and apoptosis, likely via activation of the Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway. Furthermore, colorectal cancer and Merkel cell carcinoma patients show genetic and epigenetic ATOH1 loss-of-function mutations. Our data indicate that ATOH1 may be an early target for oncogenic mutations in tissues where it instructs cellular differentiation.
Augmented Reality Visualization Using Image-Overlay for MR-Guided Interventions: System Description, Feasibility, and Initial Evaluation in a Spine Phantom (2011)

Image-Overlay can be used to successfully target lumbar facet joints with high accuracy and minimal insertions. This is potentially useful for other interventional MRI applications. Additional clinical assessment is needed.
Strategic management and the internal organization of food marketing firms (1988)

Neoclassical and industrial organization economics have traditionally treated firm internal operations as a black box linking market structure to market performance. This approach is inadequate in our modern food distribution system where large firms shape markets as they are shaped by them. Given the importance of firm behavior to firm and market performance, major research is needed to develop a micro-microeconomic theory of the firm. Research on strategic choice by firms and their use of internal organization to implement those choices is a promising approach to developing this new theory.
Design of Reconfigurable Multiweight Wavelength-Time Optical Codes for Secure Multimedia Optical CDMA Networks (2008)

Multiweight optical codes are one of the alternative designs for differentiated quality-of-service (QoS) in multimedia optical CDMA (OCDMA) networks. In this paper, we address the design of reconfigurable multiweight wavelength-time optical codes that lead to secure multimedia transmission in OCDMA networks. The proposed multiweight wavelength-time optical codes are constructed based on quasigroups (QGs) for wavelength hopping and one-dimensional multiweight optical orthogonal codes (MWOOCs) for time spreading, then called QG/MWOOCs. Both QGs and MWOOCs are randomly generated by computer search. As a result, the proposed QG/MWOOCs have many different code set groups which differ in both time and wavelengths positions. Furthermore, a secure network is suggested by employing reconfigurable encoders/decoders array waveguide gratings (AWGs)-based, which allow the users to change their codewords patterns to protect against eavesdropping. Finally, the degree of security which may provide by the proposed scheme is analyzed. The results show that the proposed scheme offers both differentiated QoS and differentiated quality-of-security (QoSec) in multimedia OCDMA networks.
Induction of High Mobility Group-I(Y) Protein by Endotoxin and Interleukin-1β in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1999)

Nonhistone chromosomal proteins of the high mobility group (HMG) affect the transcriptional regulation of certain mammalian genes. For example, HMG-I(Y) controls cytokine-mediated promoters that require transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-kappaB, for maximal expression. Even though a great deal is known about how HMG-I(Y) facilitates expression of other genes, less is known about the regulation of HMG-I(Y) itself, especially in cells in primary culture. Therefore we investigated the effect of endotoxin and the cytokine interleukin-1beta on HMG-I(Y) expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Induction of HMG-I(Y) peaked after 48 h of interleukin-1beta stimulation (6.2-fold) in cells in primary culture, and this increase in mRNA corresponded to an increase in HMG-I(Y) protein. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining revealed a dramatic increase in HMG-I(Y) protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells after endotoxin stimulation in vivo. This increase in HMG-I(Y) expression (both in vitro and in vivo) mirrored an up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, a cytokine-responsive gene. The functional significance of this coinduction is underscored by our finding that HMG-I(Y) potentiated the response of inducible nitric oxide synthase to nuclear factor-kappaB transactivation. Taken together, these studies suggest that induction of HMG-I(Y), and subsequent transactivation of iNOS, may contribute to a reduction in vascular tone during endotoxemia and other systemic inflammatory processes.
Studies of wax deposition in the Trans Alaska pipeline (1980)

The crude oil being pumped into the Trans Alaska pipeline experiences considerable cooling during its 800-mile (1,287 km) journey from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez. The conditions during the initial flow period were favorable especially for the deposition of the waxy constituents of the crude on the pipeline wall. As time passed and the crude oil flow rate increased, segments of the pipeline warmed up to temperatures greater than that at which wax deposition occurs. This study investigated mechanisms of wax deposition and determined the expected nature and thickness of deposits in the pipeline as a function of time and distance. Results indicate that deposition during start-up is a consequence of 3 separate mechanisms which transport both dissolved and precipitated waxy residue laterally. 31 references.
Relaxor-PT single crystals: Observations and developments (2009)

Relaxor-PT single crystals are at the forefront of advanced transducer applications, including medical ultrasound and high power sonar. In this work, we report on recent developments in Relaxor-PT crystals, specifically increased temperature usage and crystallographic and domain engineering relationships. Furthermore, we contrast developments in crystals with respect to both ldquosoftrdquo and ldquohardrdquo piezoelectric ceramics, namely Pb(Zr,Ti)O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (PZT).
Free cooling considerations (1996)

This is a discussion of the application of water-side free cooling utilizing plate-and-frame heat exchangers (HX). Free cooling is the production of chilled water without the use of chillers. The heat removed from the building`s cooling coils is transferred, through the HX to the cooling towers for rejection to the atmosphere. Free cooling is not really free; even though the chiller is off, chilled and tower water pumps and cooling tower fan(s) are required to operate. This article is broken into three sections that present considerations on how to design the building`s cooling system(s) to get the most out of free cooling, considerations for the chilled water side of the free cooling system, and considerations for the cooling tower water side of the system.
Printing of sub-20 nm wide graphene ribbon arrays using nanoimprinted graphite stamps and electrostatic force assisted bonding (2011)

Nano-graphene ribbons are promising in many electronic applications, as their bandgaps can be opened by reducing the widths, e.g. below 20 nm. However, a high-throughput method to pattern large-area nano-graphene features is still not available. Here we report a fabrication method of sub-20 nm ribbons on graphite stamps by nanoimprint lithography and a transfer-printing of the graphene ribbons to a Si wafer using electrostatic force assisted bonding. These methods provide a path for fast and high-throughput nano-graphene device production.
Imaging of VSP Data (1986)

Migration of VSP data can be effectively accomplished using a focused-lag sum imaging technique, similar to the Kirchoff ‘diffraction stack’ method. The imaging procedure is sufficiently flexible to handle the irregular source-receiver geometry associated with walkaway-source and deviated hole VSP. Signal dispersion is readily accommodated by admitting both group and phase velocity parameters. The migration can be performed on transmission data (downgoing wave) to yield a velocity map or on reflection data (upgoing wave) to produce a reflector map. The accuracy of both reflector mapping and velocity mapping depends on the nature and form of the signal. Pulse compression and multiple suppression are desirable pre-processing operations. The technique has been tested on synthetic VSP data and successfully applied to shallow VSP data collected in the Sydney Basin coalfields. For the real data, average velocities of the coal measure sequence and blurred images of the main seams were obtained. An equivalent section migration technique, based on least-squares theory, is formulated in the Appendix.