gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATION OF LONG-PERIOD GROUND MOTION OF THE 1923 GREAT KANTO EARTHQUAKE (1989)

The long-period (2 to 15 sec) ground motion caused by the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake was investigated to obtain more detailed information for the seismic design of long-period structures, especially those constructed in the Tokyo area. In order to investigate the main shock ground motion, the incomplete seismogram obtained by the Imamura type strong-motion seismograph at the University of Tokyo was used. To examine the behavior of the pendulum system and to find the cause of saturation, shaking table tests were carried out for the Imamura type seismograph, which has been exhibited at a museum. Applicablity of the method for mending the saturated waveforms was found and confirmed through numerical experiments. The following restoration and correction were performed: (1) mending of the saturated waveforms of the incomplete main shock seismogram and (2) correction of instrument response of the seismograph. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) The peak ground amplitude of the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake in central Tokyo was about 15cm in the E-W component. 2) The duration of significant portion of the main shock ground motion was as long as 10 minutes. 3) The peak amplitudes of the velocity response spectrum with a damping factor of 0.01 was 80 cm/s for the E-W component. 4) The ground motion in the N-S component is presumed to have been about 1.5 times larger than that in the E-W component.
Krankheit – Fehler in der Informationsübertragung (1991)

Abstract Antisense–Oligonucleotide sind ein vielversprechender chemischer Ansatz, urn in den Informationsfluß der Nucleinsäuren gezielt einzugreifen. Krankheiten, die auf Störungen der Informationsübertragung beruhen, lassen sich vielleicht durch “Watson–Crick–Hoogsteen Drugs” kausal behandeln.
Purification and characterization of rhodopsin kinase. (1988)

Rhodopsin kinase was purified to near homogeneity by affinity binding to light-exposed rod cell outer segment membranes, followed by DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite chromatography. This resulted in a 1055-fold purification of highly active rhodopsin kinase with an overall recovery of 19%. Rhodopsin kinase is a single polypeptide chain with Mr = 67,000-70,000 as determined by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. The kinetic parameters of the enzyme for freshly bleached rhodopsin are Km = 4 microM and Vmax = 700 nmol/min/mg whereas for ATP Km = 2 microM (which is a low value for kinases generally, and about 20 times lower than comparable measurements for a kinase of a similar type, the beta-adrenergic-receptor kinase (Benovic, J.L., Mayor, F. Jr., Staniszewski, C., Lefkowitz, R.J., and Caron, M.G. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 9026-9032). GTP, on the other hand, is a very poor substrate (Km = 1 mM, Vmax = 10 nmol/min/mg). Rhodopsin kinase is competitively inhibited by adenosine and its mono- and diphosphate derivatives, but not by most other adenosine derivatives. Based upon measurements with 28 nucleotide derivatives, the ATP-binding site of rhodopsin kinase appears to have more specific requirements than that for other kinases. Compounds such as cGMP, inositol trisphosphate, and others that change concentration during exposure of rod cells to light have only minor inhibitory effects on the kinase activity, with the exception of inositol monophosphate, which can activate the kinase about 20% at 50-100 microM. Rhodopsin kinase has been difficult to store with retention of activity, but can be successfully stored frozen at -20 degrees C in 20% adonitol.
A Soluble Photoreactive Polyimide Bearing the Coumarin Chromophore in the Side Group:  Photoreaction, Photoinduced Molecular Reorientation, and Liquid-Crystal Alignability in Thin Films (2003)

A soluble photoreactive polyimide (PSPI) bearing the coumarin (COU) chromophore in the side group, 6F-HAB-COU PSPI, was successfully synthesized with a high molecular weight. Good quality films of this PSPI were obtained using a conventional solution spin-casting and drying process. 6F-HAB-COU PSPI was determined to be positively birefringent and thermally stable up to 300 °C. The photochemical reactions and molecular reorientations of the PSPI in films were investigated in detail using ultraviolet−visible and infrared spectroscopy, dissolution testing, and optical retardation measurements. The COU chromophores of the PSPI were found to undergo only photodimerization. Irradiation of the PSPI films with linearly polarized ultraviolet light (LPUVL) induced anisotropic reorientations of the polymer main chains and anisotropic alignments of the unreacted COU chromophores. Moreover, the LPUVL-irradiated films homogeneously aligned nematic liquid crystal (LC) molecules at an angle of 100° with respect to the polarization of the LPUVL, which coincided with the reorientation direction of the PSPI polymer chains. This result indicates that the LC alignment process at the surface of irradiated PSPI films is principally governed by the reorientations of the polymer main chains and the unreacted COU side groups, whose directionally anisotropic interactions with the LC molecules contribute to the LC alignment. In particular, it was found that LPUVL exposure at ≥0.5 J/cm2 causes the preferential reorientation of the polymer chains at the film surface, which is enough to induce a stable alignment of LC molecules, and their interactions with the LC molecules override interactions with those created by a second LPUVL exposure with a different polarization direction. The LC pretilt angle was measured to be 0.05−0.10°. The 6F-HAB-COU PSPI films retained their LC alignment properties even after heating to 210 °C, which is 78 °C higher than the Tg of the PSPI. Overall, the LC alignment characteristics of the 6F-HAB-COU PSPI make it a promising candidate material for use as a LC alignment layer in advanced LC display devices, in particular those with an in-plane switching mode that require the lowest possible LC pretilt angle.
Methods for Estimating Remaining Life of Cement Concrete Pavement of Military Airport (2009)

On the basis of the China's designing method of cement concrete pavement of military airport (GJB 1278-91), the calculating model and steps of remaining life of cement concrete pavement of military airport with the reversed method brought up by ICAO are shown in this paper. Moreover, some programs were presented to determine the parameters in the model. The remaining life is calculated on the basis of measured data. Through comparing with the historical information on pavement maintaining, it is obtained that the estimation methods can anticipate the remaining life of cement concrete pavement of military airport accurately. The prediction model also could be treated as one part of pavement performance prediction of the military airports pavement management system.
Self-adaptivity for constraint satisfaction: learning penalty functions (2002)

Treating constrained problems with EAs is a very challenging problem. Whether one considers constrained optimization problems or constraint satisfaction problems, the presence of a fitness function (penalty function) reflecting constraint violation is essential. The definition of such a penalty function has a great impact on the GA performance, and it is therefore very important to choose it properly. We show that ad hoc setting of penalties for constraint violations can be circumvented by using self-adaptivity. We illustrate the matter on a discrete CSP, the Zebra problem, and show that the penalties learned by the GA are to a large extent independent of the applied genetic operators as well as the initial constraint weights.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Dechlorination in Aquatic Sediments (1987)

The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues in the aquatic sediments from six PCB spill sites showed changes in PCB isomer and homolog (congener) distribution that indicated the occurrence of reductive dechlorination. The PCB dechlorinations exhibited several distinct congener selection patterns that indicated mediation by several different localized populations of anaerobic microorganisms. The higher (more heavily chlorinated) PCB congeners that were preferentially attacked by the observed dechlorination processes included all those that are either pharmacologically active or persistent in higher animals. All the lower (less heavily chlorinated) PCB congeners formed by the dechlorinations were species that are known to be oxidatively biodegradable by the bacteria of aerobic environments.
Engineers and International Competitiveness - a NIES Perspective (1990)

Engineers can and must participate in creating a world class Australian manufacturing sector. They have an important and growing role as change managers, facilitated by new curriculum at the under graduate and graduate level and the work of institutions and Government agencies such as NIES.
Identification oftheFRAXE fragile site intwo families ascertained forX linked mental retardation (1993)

Chromosomefragility intwo families notexhibiting amplification oftheCGG trinucleotide associated withthefragile X sitehasbeenexamined. Fluorescence insituhybridisation withcosmidDNA fromlociimmediately flanking FRAXA andotherdistal locihaveconfirmed that cytogenetic fragility inthesesubjects is theresult ofexpression ofa new folate sensitive fragile X site, FRAXE. (_J MedGenet1993;30:97-100)
A chimeric antibody to L1 cell adhesion molecule shows therapeutic effect in an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma model (2012)

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), a malignant tumor derived from the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium, has a poor prognosis and is refractory to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new effective therapeutic strategies for this disease. We previously found that L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) plays an important role in tumor progression of ICC, and we generated a murine mAb, A10-A3 (IgG1), that binds to the Ig1 domain of L1CAM. In the present study, we further characterized A10-A3, constructed a chimeric A10-A3 antibody (cA10-A3) containing the constant regions of human IgG1, and evaluated the therapeutic potential in a human ICC xenograft nude mice model. The affinities (KD) of A10-A3 and cA10-A3 for soluble L1CAM were 1.8 nM and 1.9 nM, respectively, as determined by competition ELISA. A10-A3 inhibited L1CAM homophilic binding and was slowly internalized into the tumor cells, but it did not significantly inhibit proliferation of ICC cells in vitro. cA10-A3 mediated antibody- dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and displayed anti-tumor activity in the ICC animal model. These results suggest that the humanized A10-A3 antibody may have potential as an anticancer agent for the treatment of ICC.
How women deal with the results of serum screening for Down syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy (2000)

To gain insight into how pregnant women experience serum screening for Down syndrome, we sent questionnaires to two groups of relevant subjects in the north of the Netherlands. The questionnaires addressed the following issues: decision-making process, knowledge and opinions. Questionnaire A was sent to women of 36 years of age and older (n=99) (group A) who were all 20 to 36 weeks pregnant at that time. In the Netherlands prenatal diagnosis is routinely available to these women. Questionnaire B was sent to women of younger than 36 years (n=69) (group B) who had received a screen-positive result and had subsequently undergone amniocentesis. About half of these women were still pregnant at that time. For these women, serum screening is only available on the basis of opting-in. The two questionnaires were largely identical. The response rates to questionnaires A and B were 82% and 91%, respectively. Group A (women of 36 years and older) considered that second trimester serum screening made a welcome contribution to the decision-making process about whether to undergo amniocentesis. Moreover, it reduced the amniocentesis rate considerably. The vast majority said they would apply for serum screening in a following pregnancy, but favoured the idea of first trimester screening. In group B (women of younger than 36 years), reassurance was the most commonly mentioned reason for undergoing serum screening. Almost all the women experienced some degree of anxiety when they were informed about the screen-positive result and 13% continued to be anxious, even after the favourable result of the amniocentesis. The majority of the respondents would also apply for serum screening in a following pregnancy and were of the opinion that this screening should be offered to all pregnant women in the Netherlands.
Canine distemper viral inclusions in blood cells of four vaccinated dogs. (1985)

Four cases of canine distemper were detected by the presence of numerous cytoplasmic inclusions in various circulating blood cells. Fluorescent antibody techniques and electron microscopy confirmed the identity of the viral inclusions. The cases occurred in the same geographic area and within a short time span. All four dogs had been vaccinated against canine distemper, but stress or other factors may have compromised their immune status. The possibility of an unusually virulent virus strain was also considered.
Speech Recognition: Theory and C++ Implementation (1999)

Statistical Speech Recognition. Speech Database. Speech Signal Analysis. HMMs and Initialization. HMM Training. Language Models. Recognition. Evaluation and Parameter Setting. References. Index.
Hypoxia and etanidazole alter radiation-induced apoptosis in HL60 cells but not in MOLT-4 cells (2002)

These results suggested that X-ray-induced apoptosis in HL60 cells was initiated by DNA DSB and the treatment of hypoxic cells with etanidazole sensitized them through the enhancement of DSB induction, whereas X-ray-induced apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells occurred through damage other than to DNA.
A Protein Microarray ELISA for Screening Biological Fluids (2004)

Protein microarrays permit the simultaneous measurement of many proteins in a small sample volume and therefore provide an attractive approach for the quantitative measurement of proteins in biological fluids, including serum. This chapter describes a microarray enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Capture antibodies are immobilized onto a glass surface; the covalently attached antibodies bind a specific antigen from a sample overlaying the array. A second, biotinylated antibody that recognizes the same antigen as the first antibody, but at a different epitope, is then used for detection. Detection is based on an enzymatic signal-enhancement method known as tyramide signal amplification (TSA). By coupling a microarray-ELISA format with the signal amplification of tyramide deposition, the assay sensitivity is as low as sub-pg/mL.
Hatching of Cyst-Nematodes (1977)

This review primarily covers literature on the hatching of cyst-nematodes that has appeared since 1971. The section on physical factors which influence hatching includes the effects of temperature, moisture, aeration and seasonal effects especially in relation to diapause. Research dealing with chemical stimulation and inhibition of hatching is also reviewed and the mechanism of hatching is discussed with particular reference to Globodera rostochiensis.
Keep it simple (2013)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the benefits that can flow to an organization when its employees adopt a clear writing style and explain in particular the improvements that this will bring to human resource management. Design/methodology/approach Provides examples of organizations that have benefited from adopting clear written communications – and those that have suffered from not doing so. Findings Details how HR can use clear language to recruit the right people and shape their expectations of the organization. Moreover, HR writing is often the voice of an organization, because of its involvement in contracts and policies, performance and appraisal forms, automated e‐mails about mandatory training and so on. Practical implications The paper urges the need to find out if an organization has a tone of voice, and to get involved. Identify which are the most high‐profile HR documents and rewrite them. Explore the possibilities of using writing workshops to kick‐start some serious behavioral change. And all the time, measure the effects that better writing has. Social implications The paper maintains that good written communications are even more important in an age of e‐mail, instant messaging, PowerPoint and other channels. Originality/value The paper highlights how HR as a function is uniquely placed to make the most of all the advantages that an improvement in writing can bring.
Band Structures and Pseudopotential Form Factors for Fourteen Semiconductors of the Diamond and Zinc-blende Structures (1966)

Pseudopotential form factors and band structures are determined for 14 semiconductors of the diamond and zincblende structures: AlSb, CdTe, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, Ge, InAs, InP, InSb, Si, Sn, ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe. Experimental values of the splitting of energy levels in the crystal are used. The form factors appear to be accurate to 0.01 Ry and yield energy bands which agree with experiment to within \ensuremath{\sim}0.01 Ry near the band gap and \ensuremath{\sim}0.04 Ry over a range of 1 Ry. For some of these substances these are the first band structures to be calculated.
Microbubbles with a Self-Assembled Poloxamer Shell and a Fluorocarbon Inner Gas (2016)

The numerous applications of microbubbles in food science and medicine call for a better understanding and control of the effects of the properties of their shells on their stability and ability to resonate at chosen frequencies when submitted to an ultrasound field. We have investigated both millimetric and micrometric bubbles stabilized by an amphiphilic block copolymer, Poloxamer 188 (e.g., Pluronic F-68). Although Pluronic F-68 is routinely being used as a dispersing and foaming agent to facilitate phospholipid-based microbubble preparation, it has never been studied as a shell component per se. First, we investigated the adsorption kinetics of Pluronic F-68 at the interface between water and air, or air saturated with vapors of perfluorohexane (F-hexane), using bubble profile tensiometry analysis. F-Hexane was found to strongly accelerate the adsorption of Pluronic F-68 (at low concentrations) and decrease the interfacial tension values at equilibrium (at all concentrations). We also found that relatively stable microbubbles could unexpectedly be prepared from Pluronic F-68 in the absence of any other surfactant, but only when F-hexane was present. These bubbles showed an only limited volume increase over ∼3 h, while a 10-fold increase in size occurred within 200 s in the absence of a fluorocarbon. Remarkably, their deflation rate decreased when the Pluronic F-68 concentration decreased, suggesting that bubbles with semidilute copolymer coverage are more stable than those more densely covered by copolymer brushes. Single-bubble experiments using laser Doppler vibratometry showed that, by contrast with other surfactant-coated microbubbles, the resonance radius of the Pluronic F-68-coated microbubbles was lower than that of naked microbubbles, meaning that they are less elastic. It was also found that the bubble's vibrational displacement amplitude decreased substantially when the microbubbles were covered with Pluronic F-68, an effect that was further amplified by F-hexane.
Efficient C−H/C−D Exchange Reaction on the Alkyl Side Chain of Aromatic Compounds Using Heterogeneous Pd/C in D<sub>2</sub>O (2004)

[reaction: see text] An efficient and extensive deuterium incorporation using heterogeneous Pd/C-D(2)O-H(2) system into many different types of unactivated C-H bond positions was developed. The present method provides a deuterium gas-free, totally catalytic, and post-synthetic deuterium labeling method in D(2)O media.
Real-Time Simulation and Rendering of 3D Smoke on GPU Programme (2009)

Natural scene simulation is always a hot issue in computer graphic. This paper aims at the physically-based simulation of smoke on graphic processing unit (GPU). The subject is on the background of an actual project. The simulation is based on the Stam's semi-Lagrangian scheme; MacCormack scheme is used to solve the advection item of Navier-Stokes (NS) equations, and ray casting method is chosen to render the smoke. We solve the NS equations and render smoke through the GPU. This method can be taken for realistic animation and realtime simulation of smoke in three-dimensional space. Therefore the simulation of the smoke in nature turns up trumps. The task of this paper has a high reference value in flight simulation, games, virtual cities and military exercises.
1678 Treatment of Infantile Colic with Lactobacillus Reuteri and the Relationship with Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study (2012)

<h3>Background and Aim</h3> Infantile colic (IC) is a common behavioural syndrome within the first 3 months of life. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri (L.reuteri) and herbal drop combined with baby massage on IC and to evaluate the relationship with postpartum depression and anxiety. <h3>Methods</h3> Wessel Criteria were used for the diagnosis of IC in otherwise healty newborns. Patients were randomized into three groups: Group-1: L. Reuteri DSM17938 (BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden), Group-2: Herbal drop (Babs, BerkoAB, İstanbul, Turkey), Group-3: Sterile water. All groups had baby massage. Infants crying episodes, feeding and stooling characteristics, growth, weight gain were noted weekly. Emotional structures of mother’s behaviour were evaluated before and at 2nd month with Edinburgh postpartum depression scale (EPDS) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) tests. <h3>Results</h3> Seventy-four infants and their mothers completed the trial: 25 in the probiotic group, 24 in herbal drop, and 25 in placebo group. There was no difference between groups in demographic and clinical characteristics. The male rate was 62.2% (n=46). Crying times(minutes/day) at admission were similar (Group1: 348±37, Group2: 353±30, Group3: 346±28, p=0.67). A significant decrease in crying times were seen at 3.week in group1 (Group1: 35±9.8, Group2: 300±32.2, Group3: 188±40, p=0.001). The weight gain at this time was in group1 better, too (p =0.001). High EPDS and STAI scores decreased significantly after treatment in group1 at 2 month (p= 0.001). No adverse effects were reported in our groups. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The emotional structure and anxiety level of mothers affects the behaviour of infants. L. reuteri, reduced the crying episodes, mothers anxiety and postpartum depression and can be used in treatment of infantile colic.
α-Synuclein Reactive Antibodies as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Blood Sera of Parkinson's Disease Patients (2011)

Our findings may suggest the protective role of autoimmunity in PD and therefore immune reactions towards PD major amyloid protein--α-synuclein can be of value in the development of treatment and diagnostic strategies, especially during the early disease stages.