gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information Security in Big Data: Privacy and Data Mining (2014)

The growing popularity and development of data mining technologies bring serious threat to the security of individual,'s sensitive information. An emerging research topic in data mining, known as privacy-preserving data mining (PPDM), has been extensively studied in recent years. The basic idea of PPDM is to modify the data in such a way so as to perform data mining algorithms effectively without compromising the security of sensitive information contained in the data. Current studies of PPDM mainly focus on how to reduce the privacy risk brought by data mining operations, while in fact, unwanted disclosure of sensitive information may also happen in the process of data collecting, data publishing, and information (i.e., the data mining results) delivering. In this paper, we view the privacy issues related to data mining from a wider perspective and investigate various approaches that can help to protect sensitive information. In particular, we identify four different types of users involved in data mining applications, namely, data provider, data collector, data miner, and decision maker. For each type of user, we discuss his privacy concerns and the methods that can be adopted to protect sensitive information. We briefly introduce the basics of related research topics, review state-of-the-art approaches, and present some preliminary thoughts on future research directions. Besides exploring the privacy-preserving approaches for each type of user, we also review the game theoretical approaches, which are proposed for analyzing the interactions among different users in a data mining scenario, each of whom has his own valuation on the sensitive information. By differentiating the responsibilities of different users with respect to security of sensitive information, we would like to provide some useful insights into the study of PPDM.
Mitrariosides, Five Bitter Labdane Glycosides from <i>Mitraria coccinea</i> (Gesneriaceae) (1992)

Abstract From Mitraria coccinea Cav. (Gesneriaceae), five strongly bitter labdane glycosides named mitrariosides A 1 , A 2 , B, C and D ( 1 — 5 ) were obtained. The structures were deduced by chemical and spectroscopic evidence (COSY, 13 C‐ 1 H CORR, NOESY and MS‐FAB) and found to be: mitrarioside A 1 ( 1 ): (6 S )‐19‐(β‐ D ‐galactopyranosyloxy)‐6‐hydroxy‐15‐(α‐ L rhamno‐pyranosyloxy)labda‐8(17),13‐diene, mitrarioside A 2 ( 2 ): (6 S )‐19‐(β‐ D ‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐6‐hydroxy‐15‐(α‐ L ‐rhamnopyranosyloxy)labda‐8(17),13‐diene, mitrarioside B ( 3 ):(6 S )‐19‐(β‐ D ‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐6‐hydroxy‐15‐(β‐ D ‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐labda‐8(17),13‐diene, mitrarioside C ( 4 ): (6 S )‐19‐(β‐ D ‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐6,15‐dihydroxylabda‐8(17), 13‐diene, and mitrarioside D ( 5 ): (6 S )‐19‐(α‐ L ‐rhamnopyranosyloxy)‐6,15‐dihydroxy‐labda‐8(17),13‐diene. The known compounds acteoside and calceolarioside C were also isolated.
Robust pitch determination using nonlinear state-space embedding (2002)

A robust method for detecting periodicity and measuring fundamental frequency in speech and other signals is proposed. The method is based on concepts originally developed for analyzing chaotic time-series. A signal segment is transformed into trajectory in m-dimensional state space by using embedding procedure. Close pairs of points on the trajectory with the distance between them less than prescribed neighborhood radius are found and their time separations are computed. A periodicity histogram for the distribution of computed time separations is characterized by distinct peaks corresponding to pitch period and its multiples for periodic regions, and by the absence of such peaks for aperiodic regions. The proposed method does not suffer from the limitations of other short-term pitch-estimation techniques. Updated information and demo software can be found at www.soundmathtech.com/pitch.
Imaging contrast improvement for 160-nm line features using subresolution assist features with binary, six percent ternary attenuated phase-shift mask with process-tuned resist (1999)

The process window for a particular feature type can be improved by improving the aerial image or tuning the resist process. The aerial image can be improved by means of illumination or by means of mask enhancements. The illumination can be on-axis or off-axis tuned to feature type and mask. Mask enhancements being OPC and phase shifting. We illustrate process window improving by imaging enhancement with binary and attenuated mask, with conventional and annular off-axis illumination, with and without OPC. The OPC is Sub resolution assist features (SRF). The SRF structure modifies the aerial image of the primary feature and allows for reducing dense-iso bias across pitch leading to a larger overlapping DOF across multiple pitches (ODOF). Across pitch studies with a binary mask were carried out for semi-dense and isolated lines. This study was conducted with two types of resists. A low contrast resist process tuned for isolated line as patterned on an ASML/300 stepper. And a high contrast resist tuned for dense lines patterned on a SVGL Micrascan 3. Reported results are process improvements across pitch, developing process with scattering bars and not printing of side lobes. Simulation result with low and high contrast resist, Binary vs. 6 percent transmission masks will also be reported. PROLITH/3 simulation study conducted with a low contrast resist suggested that the isolated line resist would print the 80nm sub resolution feature at sizing. Further, that a high contrast resist would not print them at sizing but would print them when the 160nm lines were sized roughly 10 percent larger region. Thus far, at sizing, the experimental results matched prediction; the low contrast resists process printed the sub resolution features. As for process window matching across the chosen pitches, this process showed an imperfect solution with over exposure to eliminate the sub resolution patterns. Simulations appear to make good predictions of the two cases examined and make it possible to explore better solutions. For instance, under a fixed set of develop and PEB conditions, analysis of infinite contrast resist did not move the danger of sub resolution feature printing much above the +10 percent CD sizing. However, using a 6 percent ternary attPSM moved the printing limit to +20 percent of target Cd size. The result of process window improvements with an attenuated PSM using a high contrast resist will be discussed. In all the cases, sub resolution feature OPC for isolated lines was compared with no OPC feature.
Maxadilan. Cloning and functional expression of the gene encoding this potent vasodilator peptide. (1992)

Maxadilan is a potent vasodilator peptide released into the skin when the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, an important vector of leishmania, probes for a blood meal. As several lines of evidence suggest that this peptide may play a critical role in the enhancement of leishmania infectivity attributed to sand fly saliva, the peptide has been proposed as a candidate antigen for a leishmanial vaccine. Although maxadilan is the most potent vasodilator peptide known and shares several properties with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), studies of its structure, physiological effects, and biological roles have been limited by the miniscule quantities available. Here we report the isolation of cDNA and genomic DNA clones that encode maxadilan. The predicted translation product shows no significant homology with any previously isolated proteins. The coding DNA has been expressed in Escherichia coli and the purified recombinant peptide is biologically active with a specific activity comparable to the natural peptide. Recombinant maxadilan will be useful in studies of vascular biology and could lead to novel therapeutic and prophylactic agents.
The Rhizopods and Heliozoa of Loch Ness (1906)

Dr Penard has examined and reported upon the Rhizopods and Heliozoa collected in Loch Ness at depths exceeding 250 feet. No littoral samples were sent to him, as his object was to investigate the sarcodine fauna peculiar to deep lakes. The majority of the species found in the deep collections were recognised as belonging to the fauna of the littoral region, or of the adjacent moors, only some half a dozen species or varieties being regarded as peculiar to the abyssal region. In order to complete the list of the Sarcodina of Loch Ness, in so far as this can be done from the observations made by the Lake Survey, I now add the names of several species which were not detected in any of the collections sent to Dr Penard. Nearly all are common bog species.
Continuous Fabrication of Biocatalyst Immobilized Microparticles Using Photopolymerization and Immiscible Liquids in Microfluidic Systems (2005)

We report a novel technique for manufacturing polymeric microparticles containing biocatalysts by the behavior of immiscible liquids in microfluidic systems and in situ photopolymerization. The approach utilizes a UV-polymerizable hydrogel/enzyme solution and an immiscible oil solution. The oil and hydrogel solutions form emulsions in pressure-driven flow in microchannels at high values of the dimensionless capillary number (Ca). The resultant hydrogel droplets are then polymerized in situ via exposure to 365 nm UV light. This technique allows for the generation of monodisperse particles whose size can be controlled by the regulation of flow rates. In addition, both manufacturing microparticles and immobilizing biocatalysts can be performed simultaneously and continuously.
Natural Product Glycine Betaine as an Efficient Catalyst for Transformation of CO<sub>2</sub> with Amines to Synthesize <i>N</i>-Substituted Compounds (2017)

Transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added chemicals is of great importance, and use of natural products as a catalyst is very interesting. Herein, we used the naturally occurring glycine betaine as an efficient and renewable catalyst for the formation of a C–N bond between CO2 and amines using PhSiH3 as the reductant. The effects of different factors on the reaction were studied. It was demonstrated that the catalyst was very active for the reactions, and a broad range of amine substrates could be converted with satisfactory yields. Moreover, the selectivity to different N-substituted compounds could be controlled by the molar ratio of reactants (i.e., CO2, amines, and PhSiH3) and the reaction temperature. In the catalytic cycle, the carbon oxidation state of CO2 could be reduced to +2, 0, and −2, respectively, and thus, the corresponding formamides, aminals, and methylamines were produced via successive two-electron reduction steps.
40 Gb/s analog IC chipset for optical receiver using SiGe HBTs (2002)

A preamplifier with 35 GHz bandwidth and 48.7 dB/spl Omega/ transimpedance gain, an automatic-gain-control (AGC) amplifier core with 31 GHz bandwidth, and a 40 Gb/s decision circuit are presented for future optical-transmission systems at a data rate of 40 Gb/s in global communication systems. A self-aligned selective-epitaxial SiGe-base heterojunction bipolar transistor is used to implement these circuits. This analog IC chipset meets the requirements for a 40 Gb/s optical receiver.
A 28 GHz 5G Phased Array Antenna with Air-Hole Slots for Beam Width Enhancement (2019)

In this paper, a 28 GHz fifth-generation (5G) phased array antenna with air-hole slots for beam width enhancement is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of eight dipole radiators on a mobile handset-sized ground with air-hole slots between the two adjacent elements for enhancing the half power beam width (HPBW) in the elevation plane. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are 130 mm × 42 mm × 0.127 mm. The proposed array antenna satisfies a −10 dB reflection coefficient in the frequency range from 27.2 to 29.2 GHz with a peak gain of 10.33 dBi and a side lobe level (SLL) of 13 dB. In addition to its good performance, the proposed antenna has a very wide HPBW (measured) in the elevation plane, up to 219 degree with a scan coverage of ±45 degree in the azimuth plane. The proposed antenna demonstrates excellent hemispheric beam coverage for 5G mobile handset devices and can enable cost-effective mass production.
CKAP4 is identified as a receptor for Dickkopf in cancer cells (2016)

The secretory protein Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is a known Wnt antagonist and has been shown to suppress tumorigenesis in some cancer cells; however, it is also upregulated in many types of cancer and associated with poor prognosis. Wnt-independent mechanisms by which DKK-1 promotes cancer cell proliferation are not well understood. In this issue of the JCI, Kimura and colleagues demonstrate that DKK-1 interacts with cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) to promote activation of AKT. They show that both DKK-1 and CKAP4 are frequently upregulated in pancreatic and lung cancers. Importantly, targeting this interaction with an anti-CKAP4 antibody prevented tumor formation in murine xenograft models. These results identify a previously unrecognized DKK-1-mediated pathway and suggest CKAP4 as a potential therapeutic target for certain cancers.
Voice conversion with parallel/non-parallel data and synthetic speech detection (2019)

The objective of voice conversion techniques is to convert a source speaker's voice so that it sounds like that of a target speaker. Voice conversion belongs to a popular area of personalized speech generation. On one hand, it can be applied to solve problems, e.g. emotion conversion, improving the intelligibility of speech, or change whisper/murmur into speech. On the other hand, voice conversion also presents a threat to Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) systems. Synthetic speech detection is a technique to discriminate between live and synthetic speech. In this sense, it provides a feasible way to improve robustness and protect ASV systems. This thesis focuses on the following two aspects: improving performance in voice conversion and studying countermeasures for synthetic speech detection.
On the partial and total progeny of a bisexual Galton–Watson branching process (1997)

A superadditive bisexual Galton–Watson branching process is considered and some results about the total number of mating units, females and males, until the nth generation, are studied. In particular, the probability generating functions and moments of these variables are studied. Finally, some non-parametric estimators for the main parameters of the bisexual model, based on progeny, are proposed and their moment properties are investigated. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>involving phosphoethanolamine methylation (2004)

Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of the most severe form of human malaria. The rapid multiplication of the parasite within human erythrocytes requires an active production of new membranes. Phosphatidylcholine is the most abundant phospholipid in Plasmodium membranes, and the pathways leading to its synthesis are attractive targets for chemotherapy. In addition to its synthesis from choline, phosphatidylcholine is synthesized from serine via an unknown pathway. Serine, which is actively transported by Plasmodium from human serum and readily available in the parasite, is subsequently converted into phosphoethanolamine. Here, we describe in P. falciparum a plant-like S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent three-step methylation reaction that converts phosphoethanolamine into phosphocholine, a precursor for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. We have identified the gene, PfPMT, encoding this activity and shown that its product is an unusual phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase with no human homologs. P. falciparum phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase (Pfpmt) is a monopartite enzyme with a single catalytic domain that is responsible for the three-step methylation reaction. Interestingly, Pfpmt activity is inhibited by its product phosphocholine and by the phosphocholine analog, miltefosine. We show that miltefosine can also inhibit parasite proliferation within human erythrocytes. The importance of this enzyme in P. falciparum membrane biogenesis makes it a potential target for malaria chemotherapy.
Specific oxytocin agonist stimulates prolactin release but has no effect on inositol phosphate accumulation in isolated rat anterior pituitary cells (1993)

We have previously characterized specific oxytocin receptors in the rat anterior pituitary gland, using a highly selective oxytocin receptor antagonist as radioligand. The aim of the present study was to examine whether occupation of these receptors by oxytocin produces a stimulation of prolactin release and a rise in the accumulation of total inositol phosphates in the rat adenohypophysis. Anterior pituitary cells harvested from randomly cycling and diethylstilboestrol (100 micrograms s.c.)-treated rats were perifused with Dulbecco's minimal essential medium at a rate of 0.3 ml/min. Oxytocin and the specific oxytocin agonist [Thr4-Gly7]-oxytocin (TG-OT) both stimulated a significant prolactin release at concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-7) M. Oestrogen treatment did not affect the response to oxytocin, indicating that there is no straightforward correlation between receptor number and prolactin secretory response in the rat pituitary gland. The involvement of phosphoinositide hydrolysis was investigated in dispersed anterior pituitary cells and uterine tissue from randomly cycling rats. Oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin stimulated a significant (P < 0.05) and dose-related increase in total inositol phosphates, vasopressin being more potent. The specific oxytocin agonist TG-OT had no effect on total inositol phosphate production in pituitary cells, but when tested in uterine tissue it significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated the accumulation of total inositol phosphate at all concentrations tested (10(-5) to 10(-9) M). In conclusion, the data show that oxytocin has prolactin-releasing activity, acting on specific receptors in the anterior pituitary gland.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Design equations for the reflectivity of deep-etch distributed Bragg reflector gratings (2000)

This paper reports a computationally efficient, grid-independent method for calculating the reflectivity of deep-etch distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) gratings. The method employs Gaussian beam propagation in conjunction with a Fabry-Perot model that includes the effects of multiple reflections in multiple cavities. We include both, grating pitch and number of Bragg pairs in our analysis. We obtain very good agreement with results generated by a Helmholtz equation solver.
Collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training improves body composition and increases muscle strength in elderly sarcopenic men: a randomised controlled trial (2015)

Protein supplementation in combination with resistance training may increase muscle mass and muscle strength in elderly subjects. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of post-exercise protein supplementation with collagen peptides v. placebo on muscle mass and muscle function following resistance training in elderly subjects with sarcopenia. A total of fifty-three male subjects (72·2 (sd 4·68) years) with sarcopenia (class I or II) completed this randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. All the participants underwent a 12-week guided resistance training programme (three sessions per week) and were supplemented with either collagen peptides (treatment group (TG)) (15 g/d) or silica as placebo (placebo group (PG)). Fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and bone mass (BM) were measured before and after the intervention using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Isokinetic quadriceps strength (IQS) of the right leg was determined and sensory motor control (SMC) was investigated by a standardised one-leg stabilisation test. Following the training programme, all the subjects showed significantly higher (P<0·01) levels for FFM, BM, IQS and SMC with significantly lower (P<0·01) levels for FM. The effect was significantly more pronounced in subjects receiving collagen peptides: FFM (TG +4·2 (sd 2·31) kg/PG +2·9 (sd 1·84) kg; P<0·05); IQS (TG +16·5 (sd 12·9) Nm/PG +7·3 (sd 13·2) Nm; P<0·05); and FM (TG -5·4 (sd 3·17) kg/PG -3·5 (sd 2·16) kg; P<0·05). Our data demonstrate that compared with placebo, collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training further improved body composition by increasing FFM, muscle strength and the loss in FM.
Angle domain common image gathers extracted from reverse time migrated images in isotropic acoustic and elastic media (2011)

We propose an alternative (new) method to produce common image gathers in the incident‐angle domain by calculating wavenumbers directly from the P‐wave polarization rather than using the dominant wavenumber, for obtaining the normal to the source wavefront. In isotropic acoustic media, the wave propagation direction can be directly calculated as the spatial gradient direction of the acoustic wavefield, which is parallel to the wavenumber direction (the normal to the wavefront). Instantaneous wavenumber, obtained via a novel Hilbert transform approach, is used to calculate the local normal to the reflectors in a stacked migrated image. The local incident angle is produced as the difference between the propagation direction and the normal to the reflector. By reordering the migrated images (over all common‐source gathers) by incident angle, common‐image gathers are produced in the incident‐angle domain. P‐ and S‐wave separations allow both PP and PS common‐image gathers to be calculated in the angle domain. Unlike the space‐shift image condition for calculating the common‐image gather in the angle domain, we use a cross‐correlation image condition, which is substantially more efficient. The proposed method is a direct method, and the resolution of the local incident angles is higher than those of Fourier transform‐based methods. In addition, this method is less dependent on the data quality than the space‐shift method. The concepts are successfully implemented and illustrated with 2D synthetic acoustic and elastic examples.
In vivo TNF-α inhibition ameliorates cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in experimental heart failure (2004)

Heart failure is associated with increased myocardial expression of TNF-alpha. However, the role of TNF-alpha in the development of heart failure is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of TNF-alpha to myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in a unique dog model of heart failure characterized by an activation of all of these pathological processes. Male mongrel dogs were randomly assigned (n = 10 each) to 1) normal controls; 2) chronic pacing (250 beats/min for 4 wk) with concomitant administration of etanercept, a soluble p75 TNF receptor fusion protein, 0.5 mg/kg subcutaneously twice weekly; 3) chronic pacing with administration of saline vehicle. Mitochondrial function was assessed by left ventricular (LV) tissue mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities. Oxidative stress was assessed with aldehyde levels, and apoptosis was quantified by photometric enzyme immunoassay for cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. LV activity levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complex III and V were reduced in the saline-treated dogs and restored either partially (complex III) or completely (complex V) in the etanercept-treated dogs. Aldehyde levels, DNA fragments, and TUNEL-positive cells were increased in the saline-treated dogs and normalized in etanercept-treated dogs. These changes were accompanied by an attenuation of LV dilatation and partial restoration of ejection fraction. Our data demonstrate that TNF-alpha contributes to progressive LV dysfunction in pacing-induced heart failure, mediated in part by a local impairment in mitochondrial function and increase in oxidative stress and myocyte apoptosis.