gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signaling Activity of Homologous and Heterologous Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Kinase Complexes (1995)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in Mv1Lu lung epithelial cells requires coexpression of TGF-beta receptors I (T beta R-I) and II (T beta R-II), two distantly related transmembrane serine/threonine kinases that form a heteromeric complex upon ligand binding. Here, we examine the formation of TGF-beta receptor homo-oligomers and their possible contribution to signaling. T beta R-I can contact ligand bound to T beta R-II, but not ligand free in the medium, and thus cannot form ligand-induced homo-oligomers. T beta R-II, which binds ligand on its own, formed oligomeric complexes when overexpressed in transfected COS cells. However, these complexes were largely ligand-independent and involved immature receptor protein. Since ligand-induced homo-oligomers could not be obtained with the wild-type TGF-beta receptors, we studied receptor cytoplasmic domain homo-oligomerization by using receptor chimeras. The extracellular domain of T beta R-II was fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of T beta R-I, yielding T beta R-II/I, and the extracellular domain of T beta R-I was fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of T beta R-II, yielding T beta R-I/II. When contransfected with wild-type receptors and exposed to ligand, T beta R-II/I formed a complex with T beta R-I, and T beta R-I/II formed a complex with T beta R-II, thus yielding complexes with homologous cytoplasmic domains. T beta R-II/I transfected alone or with T beta R-I did not restore TGF-beta responsiveness in T beta R-II-defective cell mutants. Furthermore, T beta R-II/I acted in a dominant negative fashion, inhibiting restoration of TGF-beta responsiveness by a cotransfected T beta R-II in T beta R-II-defective cells and by a cotransfected T beta R-I in T beta R-I-defective cells. Similarly, T beta R-I/II transfected alone or with T beta R-II did not restore TGF-beta responsiveness and acted in a dominant negative fashion against T beta R-I. Together with previous genetic and biochemical evidence, these results suggest that TGF-beta mediates transcriptional and antiproliferative responses through the heteromeric T beta R-I.T beta R-II complex and not through homo-oligomeric T beta R-I or T beta R-II complexes.
An Examination of the Validity of the IHS Classification System for Migraine and Tension‐Type Headache in the College Student Population (1999)

The validity of the International Headache Society (IHS) classification system for college-aged students with headache was examined using cluster analysis. Undergraduate college student volunteers (N = 369) underwent a structured diagnostic interview for headaches, and the sample was divided into two subsamples for purposes of replication. A hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward's method) of the headache characteristics reported by the first subsample suggested a statistically distinct three-cluster solution, and the solution was replicated using the second subsample. It appeared that one cluster was tensionlike, while the other two were migrainelike. Nonhierarchical cluster analyses (K-means) of the cases from each subsample revealed a similar pattern of a tensionlike and two migrainelike clusters. Identical three-cluster solutions were found for the second subsample both by using cluster centers from the first subsample and by clustering the cases independently, suggesting that the cluster solution was not a random finding. The IHS classification system appears to lack adequate specificity and sensitivity for college-aged students with headache who report migrainelike symptoms. Thus, the generalizability of research results using college-aged students with headache to the adult population may be questionable.
Ultrafast magnetization switching by spin-orbit torques (2014)

Spin-orbit torques induced by spin Hall and interfacial effects in heavy metal/ferromagnetic bilayers allow for a switching geometry based on in-plane current injection. Using this geometry, we demonstrate deterministic magnetization reversal by current pulses ranging from 180 ps to ms in Pt/Co/AlOx dots with lateral dimensions of 90 nm. We characterize the switching probability and critical current Ic as a function of pulse length, amplitude, and external field. Our data evidence two distinct regimes: a short-time intrinsic regime, where Ic scales linearly with the inverse of the pulse length, and a long-time thermally assisted regime, where Ic varies weakly. Both regimes are consistent with magnetization reversal proceeding by nucleation and fast propagation of domains. We find that Ic is a factor 3–4 smaller compared to a single domain model and that the incubation time is negligibly small, which is a hallmark feature of spin-orbit torques.
Decline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Subsequent Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease and Mortality (2014)

Declines in estimated GFR smaller than a doubling of serum creatinine concentration occurred more commonly and were strongly and consistently associated with the risk of ESRD and mortality, supporting consideration of lesser declines in estimated GFR (such as a 30% reduction over 2 years) as an alternative end point for CKD progression.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cell Adhesion Inhibitors Peribysin A and B: Structural Revision of Peribysin B (2018)

Total synthesis of potent cell-adhesion inhibitors peribysins A and B has been accomplished for the first time in racemic form. A Diels-Alder/aldol sequence to build the skeleton and decoration of the desired functionalities of the targeted natural products using highly stereoselective operations are the highlights. The structures of synthesized peribysins were fully characterized using spectral data and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Through this total synthesis, the initially proposed structure of peribysin B has been revised. Furthermore, the cell-adhesion inhibition potential of the scaffold (two peribysins + three analogues) was confirmed using anti-adhesion assay.
Prehospital-Initiated vs Hospital-Initiated Thrombolytic Therapy (1993)

There was no improvement in outcome associated with initiating treatment before hospital arrival; however, treatment within 70 minutes of symptom onset--whether in the hospital or in the field--minimized the infarct process and its complications.
CpG Methylation Profiles of Endothelial Cell-Specific Gene Promoter Regions in Adipose Tissue Stem Cells Suggest Limited Differentiation Potential Toward the Endothelial Cell Lineage (2006)

In vivo endothelial commitment of adipose stem cells (ASCs) has scarcely been reported, and controversy remains on the contribution of ASCs to vascularization. We address the epigenetic commitment of ASCs to the endothelial lineage. We report a bisulfite sequencing analysis of CpG methylation in the promoters of two endothelial-cell-specific genes, CD31 and CD144, in freshly isolated and in cultures of ASCs before and after induction of endothelial differentiation. In contrast to adipose tissue-derived endothelial (CD31(+)) cells, freshly isolated ASCs display a heavily methylated CD31 promoter and a mosaically methylated CD144 promoter despite basal transcription of both genes. Methylation state of both promoters remains globally stable upon culture. Endothelial stimulation of ASCs in methylcellulose elicits phenotypic changes, marginal upregulation of CD31, and CD144 expression and restrictive induction of a CD31(+)CD144(+) immunophenotype. These events are accompanied by discrete changes in CpG methylation in CD31 and CD144 promoters; however, no global demethylation that marks CD31(+) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells occurs. Immunoselection of CD31(+) cells after endothelial stimulation reveals consistent demethylation of one CpG immediately 3' of the transcription start site of the CD31 promoter. Adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation maintains CD31 and CD144 methylation patterns of undifferentiated cells. Methylation profiles of CD31 and CD144 promoters suggest a limited commitment of ASCs to the endothelial lineage. This contrasts with the reported hypomethylation of adipogenic promoters, which reflects a propensity of ASCs toward adipogenic differentiation. Analysis of CpG methylation at lineage-specific promoters provides a robust assessment of epigenetic commitment of stem cells to a specific lineage.
Acids and bases. Their relationship to oxidizing and reducing agents (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcids and bases. Their relationship to oxidizing and reducing agentsW. F. Luder Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1942, 19, 1, 24Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1942Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1942Published inissue 1 January 1942https://doi.org/10.1021/ed019p24RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2640Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Exploring bidding strategies for market-based scheduling (2003)

A market-based scheduling mechanism allocates resources indexed by time to alternative uses based on the bids of participating agents. Agents are typically interested in multiple time slots of the schedulable resource, with value determined by the earliest deadline by which they can complete their corresponding tasks. Despite the strong complementarities among slots induced by such preferences, it is often infeasible to deploy a mechanism that coordinates allocation across all time slots. We explore the case of separate, simultaneous markets for individual time slots, and the strategic problem it poses for bidding agents. Investigation of the straightforward bidding policy and its variants indicates that the efficacy of particular strategies depends critically on preferences and strategies of other agents, and that the strategy space is far too complex to yield to general game-theoretic analysis. For particular environments, however, it is often possible to derive constrained equilibria through evolutionary search methods.
Nanosecond Laser-Induced Photochemical Oxidation Method for Protein Surface Mapping with Mass Spectrometry (2005)

We have developed an ultrafast pulse method for protein surface footprinting by laser-induced protein surface oxidations. This method makes use of a pulse UV laser that produces, in nanoseconds, a high concentration of hydroxyl (OH) free radicals by photodissociation of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution. The OH radicals oxidize amino acid residues located on the protein surface to produce stable covalent modifications. The oxidized protein is then analyzed by mass spectrometry to map the oxidized amino acid residues. Ubiquitin and apomyoglobin were used as model proteins in this study. Our results show that a single laser pulse can produce extensive protein surface oxidations. We found that monooxidized ubiquitins were more susceptible to further oxidations by subsequent laser irradiation, as compared to nonoxidized ones. This is due to the conformational changes of proteins by oxidation that increases the solvent-accessible surface area. Therefore, it is crucial to perform this experiment with a single pulse of laser so as to avoid oxidation of proteins after conformation of the protein changes. Subsequently, to obtain a high frequency and coverage of the oxidation sites while keeping the number of laser shots to one, we further optimized the laser power and concentration of hydrogen peroxide as well as the concentration of protein. This ultrafast OH radical generation method allows for rapid and accurate detection of surface residues, enabling mapping of the solvent-accessible regions of a protein in its native state.
<i>De Novo</i> Designed Protein-Interaction Modules for In-Cell Applications (2020)

Protein-protein interactions control a wide variety of natural biological processes. α-Helical coiled coils frequently mediate such protein-protein interactions. Due to the relative simplicity of their sequences and structures and the ease with which properties such as strength and specificity of interaction can be controlled, coiled coils can be designed <i>de novo</i> to deliver a variety of non-natural protein-protein interaction domains. Herein, several <i>de novo</i> designed coiled coils are tested for their ability to mediate protein-protein interactions in <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells. The set includes a parallel homodimer, a parallel homotetramer, an antiparallel homotetramer, and a newly designed heterotetramer, all of which have been characterized <i>in vitro</i> by biophysical and structural methods. Using a transcription repression assay based on reconstituting the Lac repressor, we find that the modules behave as designed in the cellular environment. Each design imparts a different property to the resulting Lac repressor-coiled coil complexes, resulting in the benefit of being able to reconfigure the system in multiple ways. Modification of the system also allows the interactions to be controlled: assembly can be tuned by controlling the expression of the constituent components, and complexes can be disrupted through helix sequestration. The small and straightforward <i>de novo</i> designed components that we deliver are highly versatile and have considerable potential as protein-protein interaction domains in synthetic biology where proteins must be assembled in highly specific ways. The relative simplicity of the designs makes them amenable to future modifications to introduce finer control over their assembly and to adapt them for different contexts.
Microstructure and Mechanical Strength of Aluminum Titanate Ceramic Prepared from Mixture of Alumina and Titania (1983)

チタン酸アルミニウムセラミックの機械的強度を改善するための基礎的研究として, 種々のアルミナとチタニアの等モル混合物からチタン酸アルミニウムセラミックを作製し, 微構造と曲げ強さの関係を調べた. 曲げ強さはいずれの原料を用いた場合も140kgf/cm2以下であった. 微構造は3-4μmの1次粒子が100-200μmの領域で結晶の軸方向をそろえて配向しているドメイン組織をしており, 個々のドメインの境界に大きいき裂が存在して, そのために曲げ強さが弱くなった.ドメインの大きさは急熱や合成チタン酸アルミニウム粉末を微量に添加することで小さくなり, これとともにき裂も小さくなり, 曲げ強さが大きくなった. チタン酸アルミニウムの生成反応は結晶核生成が律速であり, 最初に生成した結晶核を中心に結晶軸をそろえて合成反応が進行する. この反応速度が個々の粒子成長速度よりも著しく速いために, ドメイン組織を形成するようになるものと思われた.
Ethylene and Fruit Loosening from Combinations of Citrus Abscission Chemicals1 (1977)

Abstract Two and 3-way combinations of 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (Release), cycloheximide (Acti-Aid), and chlorothalonil (Sweep) were extensively evaluated for fruit abscission and ethylene production responses on ‘Hamlin’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). The combinations interact synergistically resulting in far greater fruit loosening than would be expected from additive effects of the individual chemicals. The 3-way combinations of Release plus Acti-Aid plus Sweep consistently gave better fruit abscission than the 2-way combinations of Release plus Acti-Aid and required 25% to 50% less abscission chemical compared to individual abscission chemical usage. Increased fruit abscission activity of the chemical combinations resulted from greater peak fruit ethylene production and higher sustained ethylene levels during the treatment period. Distinct fruit loosening and retightening phases were characterized and shown to be correlated with internal fruit ethylene levels.
2,6-Diiminopyridine Iron(II) Dialkyl Complexes. Interaction with Aluminum Alkyls and Ethylene Polymerization Catalysis (2005)

Bis(pyridine)iron dialkyl complexes FeR2Py2 (R = CH2Ph, CH2CMe2Ph, and CH2SiMe3) react with 2,6-diiminopyridine ligands, affording the corresponding organoiron complexes. The complex Fe(CH2SiMe3)2(C5H3N-2,6-(C(N-mesityl)Me)2, 4a, becomes an active ethylene polymerization catalyst upon treatment with Al or Zn alkyls. A catalytically active 1:1 Fe/Al adduct has been detected in solution by 1H and UV−vis spectroscopies.
The Marine Viromes of Four Oceanic Regions (2006)

Viruses are the most common biological entities in the marine environment. There has not been a global survey of these viruses, and consequently, it is not known what types of viruses are in Earth's oceans or how they are distributed. Metagenomic analyses of 184 viral assemblages collected over a decade and representing 68 sites in four major oceanic regions showed that most of the viral sequences were not similar to those in the current databases. There was a distinct "marine-ness" quality to the viral assemblages. Global diversity was very high, presumably several hundred thousand of species, and regional richness varied on a North-South latitudinal gradient. The marine regions had different assemblages of viruses. Cyanophages and a newly discovered clade of single-stranded DNA phages dominated the Sargasso Sea sample, whereas prophage-like sequences were most common in the Arctic. However most viral species were found to be widespread. With a majority of shared species between oceanic regions, most of the differences between viral assemblages seemed to be explained by variation in the occurrence of the most common viral species and not by exclusion of different viral genomes. These results support the idea that viruses are widely dispersed and that local environmental conditions enrich for certain viral types through selective pressure.
Conjugated polyene fatty acids as fluorescent probes: spectroscopic characterization (1977)

This paper is the first in a series which extends introductory studies of parinaric acid and its phospholipid derivatives as membrane probes (Sklar, L.A., Hudson, B., and Simoni, R.D. (1975), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. after U.S.A. 72, 1649; (1976), J. Supramol. Struct. 4, 449). Parinaric acid has a conjugated tetraene chromophore and exhibits many spectroscopic properties common to linear polyenes. Its absorption spectrum is characterized by a strong near-ultraviolet transition with vibronic structure, which is strongly affected by solvent polarizability. The fluorescence emission occurs at considerably lower energy than the absorption and the wavelength of the emission is nearly independent of the solvent. The fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime are strongly affected by temperature and solvent. These spectral features are interpreted in terms of an excited electronic-state order such that a weak transition occurs at longer wavelengths than the strongly allowed transition which dominates the absorption. The sensitivity of the fluorescence quantum yield an lifetime to environment is shown to be due primarily to variations in the nonradiative rate, although changes in the radiative rate constant are also observed and interpreted. The absorption spectrum (epsilon max greater than 65 000) is in the 300-320-nm range, a region relatively free of absorption due to intrinsic biological chromophores. Shifts of several nanometers are characteristic of different environments. These shifts are compared to similar effects observed for a series of diphenylpolyenes for which new data are given and are correlated using a simple but adequate theory of solvent shifts. The intrinsic (or radiative) fluorescence lifetime is near 100 ns in a wide variety of environments. This is much longer than the intrinsic lifetime calculated from the absorption spectrum and strongly supports the proposed excited-state order.
Role of Nuclear Receptors in the Adaptive Response to Bile Acids and Cholestasis:  Pathogenetic and Therapeutic Considerations (2006)

Cholestasis results in intrahepatic accumulation of cytotoxic bile acids which cause liver injury ultimately leading to biliary fibrosis and cirrhosis. Cholestatic liver damage is counteracted by a variety of intrinsic hepatoprotective mechanisms. Such defense mechanisms include repression of hepatic bile acid uptake and de novo bile acid synthesis. Furthermore, phase I and II bile acid detoxification is induced rendering bile acids more hydrophilic. In addition to "orthograde" export via canalicular export systems, these compounds are also excreted via basolateral "alternative" export systems into the systemic circulation followed by renal elimination. Passive glomerular filtration of hydrophilic bile acids, active renal tubular secretion, and repression of tubular bile acid reabsorption facilitate renal bile acid elimination during cholestasis. The underlying molecular mechanisms are mediated mainly at a transcriptional level via a complex network involving nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. So far, the farnesoid X receptor FXR, pregnane X receptor PXR, and vitamin D receptor VDR have been identified as nuclear receptors for bile acids. However, the intrinsic adaptive response to bile acids cannot fully prevent liver injury in cholestasis. Therefore, additional therapeutic strategies such as targeted activation of nuclear receptors are needed to enhance the hepatic defense against toxic bile acids.
ARMS: Automated rules management system for fraud detection (2020)

Fraud detection is essential in financial services, with the potential of greatly reducing criminal activities and saving considerable resources for businesses and customers. We address online fraud detection, which consists of classifying incoming transactions as either legitimate or fraudulent in real-time. Modern fraud detection systems consist of a machine learning model and rules defined by human experts. Often, the rules performance degrades over time due to concept drift, especially of adversarial nature. Furthermore, they can be costly to maintain, either because they are computationally expensive or because they send transactions for manual review. We propose ARMS, an automated rules management system that evaluates the contribution of individual rules and optimizes the set of active rules using heuristic search and a user-defined loss-function. It complies with critical domain-specific requirements, such as handling different actions (e.g., accept, alert, and decline), priorities, blacklists, and large datasets (i.e., hundreds of rules and millions of transactions). We use ARMS to optimize the rule-based systems of two real-world clients. Results show that it can maintain the original systems' performance (e.g., recall, or false-positive rate) using only a fraction of the original rules (~ 50% in one case, and ~ 20% in the other).
Progression of Vascular Calcification Is Increased With Statin Use in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) (2012)

More frequent statin use is associated with accelerated CAC in T2DM patients with advanced atherosclerosis.