gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificially integrated synthetic rectangular waveguide (2005)

A synthetic rectangular waveguide (SRW), which consists of two electrical sidewalls and two parallel periodical structures placed at the top and bottom surfaces of the waveguide, is presented. The SRW is made by multilayered integrated circuit processes, which typically have large ratios of SRW lateral dimensions to substrate thickness. Two theoretical methods, finite-element method and deembedding of composite structure consisting of SRW and mode converters, are applied to investigate the propagation characteristics of the SRW. Application of the dispersion characteristics of the two-dimensional periodical structures coupled with appropriate mode converter designs leads to results in SRW designs supporting TE/sub 10/, TM/sub 00/, and TM/sub 10/ modes. Measurements and the two theoretical approaches indicate that the slow-wave factor is 4.9 and Q-factor is 260 at 6.85 GHz for the TE/sub 10/ mode propagation with a cutoff frequency of 4.10 GHz (0.348 factor of cutoff frequency of conventional rectangular waveguide using the same material and dimensions). The theoretical data show the TM/sub 00/ mode to have a slow-wave factor of 1.8, Q-factor of 187.6 at 11.4 GHz, and cutoff frequency of 10.2 GHz. The TM/sub 10/ mode has a slow-wave factor of 1.98, Q-factor of 187.6 at 12.5 GHz, and cutoff frequency of 10.4 GHz.
Direct Evidence of GeO Volatilization from GeO<sub>2</sub>/Ge and Impact of Its Suppression on GeO<sub>2</sub>/Ge Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Characteristics (2008)

From the studies on the thermal desorption behaviors of GeO2 film and its impact on the electrical properties of GeO2/Ge metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) capacitors, it was clarified that the GeO volatilization is driven by the interface reaction at GeO2/Ge, and that volatilization is the origin of the interface deterioration of the MIS capacitors. We found that a Si cap layer formed on top of the GeO2 film suppresses the GeO desorption very efficiently. Then, a marked improvement of the capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics was successfully demonstrated with the GeO2/Ge MIS capacitors fabricated by capped annealing process, where a Ni silicide electrode was used as the cap layer. These results provided us quite an important guide for realizing high-quality Ge/dielectric interfaces.
A Backward-Compatible Solution for Next Generation DVB-C System (2008)

In this paper, we propose hierarchical modulation as a backward compatible solution for next generation digital video broadcasting over cables (DVB-C2). Without modifying the architecture of legacy receivers, supplementary data can be transmitted via an added layer superimposed onto the legacy layer, and the resultant increase of transmission power is only a small fraction of that used by the legacy system. To obtain the upper bounds for the achievable throughputs, the modulation constrained capacities are derived for this layered transmission scheme. We formulate the hierarchical constellation design as a nonlinear optimization problem and then solve it through a simplified numerical method, which searches for the appropriate power allocation ratio in one-dimension space. Finally, to examine the inter-operability of channel encoder/decoder between DVB-S2 and DVB-C2, we investigate the error performance of the proposed scheme employing the LDPC codes given by DVB-S2 standard.
Software tools dedicated for an automatic analysis of the CT scanner quality control images (2007)

This paper deals with the CT scanner images quality control, which is an important part of the quality control process of the CT scanner, which consists of making measurement in images of dedicated phantoms. Standard methods consist of scan explorations of phantoms that contain different specific patterns<sup>1, 2</sup>. These methods rely on manual measurements with graphics tools in corresponding images (density, position, length...) or automatic measurements developed in softwares<sup>3, 4</sup> that use some masks to determine the region of interest (ROI). The problem of these masks is that they may produce wrong results in case of misalignment of the phantom. We propose a new method that consists, firstly of developing software tools that are capable of performing an automated analysis of CT images of three standard phantoms, LAP<sup>5</sup> , GEMS<sup>6</sup> and CATPHAN600<sup>7</sup>, in terms of slice thickness, spatial resolution, low and high level contrast, noise and uniformity. The method we have developed is completely automatic because it uses some protocols and special treatments in the images to automatically detect the position and the size of the ROI. Secondly, to test the performances of our software tools, we develop two digital phantoms which reproduce the exact geometry and composition of the physical phantoms, i.e. some perfect CT images of the real phantoms, and a complete set of distorted digital phantoms which represent the "perfect" phantom distorted by noise and blur calibrated functions to test the performances of our automated analysis software.
Investigation into the involvement of phospholipases A<sub>2</sub> and MAP kinases in modulation of AA release and cell growth in A549 cells (2000)

1. We have investigated the contribution of specific PLA(2)s to eicosanoid release from A549 cells by using specific inhibitors of secretory PLA(2) (ONO-RS-82 and oleyloxyethylphosphocholine), cytosolic PLA(2) (AACOCF(3) and MAFP) and calcium-independent PLA(2) (HELSS, MAFP and PACOCF(3)). Similarly, by using specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK (SB 203580), ERK1/2 MAPK (Apigenin) and MEK1/2 (PD 98059) we have further evaluated potential pathways of AA release in this cell line. 2. ONO-RS-82 and oleyloxyethylphosphocholine had no significant effect on EGF or IL-1beta stimulated (3)H-AA or PGE(2) release or cell proliferation. AACOCF(3), HELSS, MAFP and PACOCF(3) significantly inhibited both EGF and IL-1beta stimulated (3)H-AA and PGE(2) release as well as cell proliferation. Apigenin and PD 98509 significantly inhibited both EGF and IL-1beta stimulated (3)H-AA and PGE(2) release and cell proliferation whereas, SB 203580 had no significant effect on EGF or IL-1beta stimulated (3)H-AA release, or cell proliferation but significantly suppressed EGF or IL-1beta stimulated PGE(2) release. 3. These results confirm that the liberation of AA release, generation of PGE(2) and cell proliferation is mediated largely through the actions of cPLA(2) whereas, sPLA(2) plays no significant role. We now also report a hitherto unsuspected contribution of iPLA(2) to this process and demonstrate that the stimulating action of EGF and IL-1beta in AA release and cell proliferation is mediated in part via a MEK and ERK-dependent pathway (but not through p38MAPK). We therefore propose that selective inhibitors of MEK and MAPK pathways may be useful in controlling AA release, eicosanoid production and cell proliferation.
Steering a Virtual Crowd Based on a Semantically Augmented Navigation Graph (2005)

In this paper, we show our improvements in crowd behavior, rendering, and animation: based on our navigation graph [1], we are able to add, in real time, semantic information to the different zones of the virtual world. With an intuitive GUI, the user can steer the virtual humans through the environment with high-level instructions. The rendering of virtual humans is improved in 2 ways: firstly, the number of possible joints for the virtual humans is increased by compressing their matrices before sending them to the graphics card, and secondly, static meshes are used instead of billboards for distant people. We also present the way we generate and use many different walk and run animations in order to vary the crowd’s movements, based on the work of Glardon et. al. [2, 3]. Our results are illustrated with an application where a crowd of more than 5000 virtual humans are steered in an urban environment.
Ovalbumin and conalbumin in the tanned red cell agglutination test. (1967)

The studies reported here indicate that tanned red cells coated with a mixture of chromatographically purified ovalbumin and conalbumin give agglutination titres which are directly related to the amount of antibody (as measured by quantitative precipitation) present against either of these antigens in mixed sera. With whole (unabsorbed) mixed sera, these coated cells record the titre of the major antibody present, whether this is anti-ovalbumin or anti-conalbumin. There was no evidence of greater sensitivity to anti-conalbumin. A trace of ovalbumin in a preparation of conalbumin used to coat cells is fully sufficient to enable them to react with any anti-ovalbumin in a serum. Twice recrystallized ovalbumin still contains some conalbumin. Sera raised against it may contain unexpectedly high levels of anti-conalbumin and this could cause confusion in tanned red cell tests.
The stratigraphy of the Neogene-Quaternary succession in the southwest Netherlands from the Schelphoek borehole (42G4-11/42G0022) – a sequence-stratigraphic approach (2007)

Abstract We investigate the stratigraphy of Neogene and Quaternary intervals of the Schelphoek borehole (Schouwen, Zeeland, the Netherlands). The Breda Formation (Miocene-Zanclean) contains three sequences separated by hiatuses. The Oosterhout Formation (Zanclean-Piacenzian) contains at least two sequences. This formation is overlain by seven sequences of the Gelasian Maassluis Formation that almost certainly represent glacial cycles. The three lowermost sequences are provisionally assigned to the Praetiglian (MIS 96, MIS 98 and MIS 100). A large hiatus exists between the top of the Maassluis Formation and the base of the late Middle to Late Quaternary succession. Due to extensive in situ reworking of older strata (including fossils) at the base of several of the formations, their exact boundaries are difficult to establish. The Neogene succession in the Schelphoek borehole is compared to the stratigraphic successions in the Antwerp area to the south and the Dutch coastal area and continental platform to the north. Finally, the stratigraphic context of the Gelasian (‘Tiglian’) mammal fauna dredged from the bottom of a major tidal channel in the adjacent Oosterschelde is assessed by comparison with the Schelphoek borehole.
Detecting celiac disease in adult patients (2005)

Your differential diagnosis should include celiac disease if the patient has symptoms as diverse as diarrhea, constipation, malabsorption, indigestion, pain, fatigue, and anemia.
Makromolekulare metallorganische Verbindungen (1961)

Abstract Zur Herstellung makromolekularer metallorganischer Verbindungen kann man von metallhaltigen Monomeren ausgehen oder aber in bereits vorliegende Polymere Metalle einführen. Während es eine Fülle ungesättigter, metallhaltiger Monomerer gibt, ist die Zahl der daraus hergestellten Polymeren noch relativ gering. Einige metallorganische Monomere lassen sich bisher zwar nicht homo‐, wohl aber copolymerisieren. Die auf den verschiedenen Wegen gewonnenen Polymeren können teilweise in weiteren Reaktionen, z. B. auch durch Abbau, zu neuen, oft bislang unbekannten Verbindungen führen. Hier wird eine systematische Übersicht gegeben, die auch die zahlreichen sowjetischen Publikationen des Gebietes erschließt.
Sweet and Bitter Compounds: Structure and Taste Relationship (1979)

Flavour impressions are conveyed by the senses of smell and taste. MOSKOWITZ (1) makes the following statement regarding the role played by these two senses: "Smell is the most predominant in allowing us to form an overall impression, but the sense of taste plays an important part as well". For various reasons sweet and bitter taste are important for many foodstuffs. Great interest is taken, for instance, in new sweetening agents, firstly because of the trend towards a diet containing fewer calories in many industrialized countries with their overweight populations, and secondly, because in various countries there have recently been renewed experiments and discussions, aimed at ascertaining how safe the sweetening agents saccharine and cyclamate really are. The search for new sweeteners is rendered more difficult by the fact that suitable compounds must not only be "safe", i.e. not harmful to the health, but must also satisfy various other criteria,
Human cytomegalovirus-induced immunosuppression. Relationship to tumor necrosis factor-dependent release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 in human monocytes. (1996)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been associated with immunosuppression. Previously CMV was reported to interfere with signal transduction pathways in T cells. In this report the mechanisms underlying CMV-mediated immunosuppression were examined. Supernatants of CMV (Strains C-87, AD-169)-infected primary human monocyte (MO) cultures inhibited mitogenic T cell proliferative responses by > 95%. The inhibitory activity was observed 24 h through day 7 postinfection. The infection of MO was associated with a sustained elevation of intracellular levels of cAMP and the release of arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolite PGE2 (activator of adenylate cyclase) in culture supernatants. The AA release was incidentally associated with TNF-alpha production. Monoclonal antibodies to TNF-alpha and pentoxyphylline (inhibitor of TNF synthesis) inhibited both AA and PGE2 release. The release of AA required protein synthesis and occurred under conditions consistent with the expression of CMV immediate early genes. Treatment of MO cultures at time of infection with 100 microM indomethacin or 1 microg of TNF-alpha mAb abolished the CMV-induced T cell inhibitory activity of the supernatants by 100%. These data suggest that TNF dependent release of AA and PGE2 contributes to CMV-induced immunosuppression.
Quantitative structure-activity relationships by distance geometry: systematic analysis of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (1980)

Extensions are presented for the distance geometry approach to rationalizing ligand binding data. These are algorithms to (i) detect when homologues are not binding with the same orientation in the binding site although they are chemically similar; (ii) deduce what the binding site's size and shape must be; and (iii) calculate the optimal set of interaction energies between parts of the site and parts of the ligand molecules. This improved methodology is tested on a set of 68 quinazoline inhibitors of S. faecium dihydrofolate reductase. Results are discussed and compared with the Hansch method of QSAR, and an improved inhibitor is predicted.
The Elimination of the Bursa of Fabricius and Reduction of Antibody Production in Birds from Eggs Dipped in Hormone Solutions (1961)

IT HAS recently been reported by Meyer (1959) that .63 mg. of 19-nor-testosterone in .1 ml. of corn oil, when injected on the fifth day of incubation into the eggs of chickens will inhibit the development of the bursa of Fabricius. Since the importance of the bursa in antibody production has been revealed in the data of Glick et al. (1956), Glick (1958), and Chang et al. (1957, 1958), we decided to investigate further the effects on the bursa of exposing embryos to sex hormones. Seltzer's (1956) method of introducing these hormones into the egg by dipping the fertile egg into hormonal solution was employed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred and thirty-two and three hundred and sixty New Hampshire eggs were set in trials 1 and 2, respectively. In each trial the eggs were divided into 5 lots of 72 eggs each. The eggs were dipped on the third day …
Antigenic determinants of the Ku (p70/p80) autoantigen are poorly conserved between species. (1990)

The Ku (p70/p80) autoantigen is a DNA-protein complex recognized by sera from certain patients with SLE and related diseases. Although human autoantibodies react with at least eight different epitopes of the human Ku complex, they had little reactivity with rodent Ku Ag on immunoblots. Small amounts of 70- and 80-kDa proteins were immunoprecipitated from murine cell extracts, however, suggesting that the Ku particle is not unique to human cells. This was confirmed by isolating cDNA clones encoding murine Ku Ag by plaque hybridization with a human p70 cDNA probe. The murine p70 cDNA clones had a deduced amino acid sequence 82.9% identical to that of human p70, and comparable amounts of murine and human p70 mRNA were detected in 3T3 and K562 cells, respectively. The poor reactivity of human autoantibodies with murine p70 was attributable to specific amino acid substitutions in an immunodominant conformational epitope located on amino acids 560-609 of human p70. Several amino acids critical for antigenicity of this region were defined by mutagenesis studies. Other conformational epitopes of Ku were also antigenically poorly conserved among species. Species-specific epitopes recognized by lupus autoantibodies are unusual but not unique to Ku. In general, poorly conserved autoepitopes have been conformational, rather than sequential, suggesting that the antigenicity of conformational epitopes may be particularly sensitive to evolutionary change.
Monitoring daily activities and behaviors at home by using brief sensors (2002)

In maintaining the health of not only elderly people but also younger, it can be useful to monitor their health status through their daily routines. This paper reports on monitoring daily routine behavior in ordinary houses. The authors attempted to monitor daily behavior of subjects mainly in the kitchen and dining room. Many brief sensors were installed such as infrared sensors to detect human movement, magnetic switches to detect opening and closing doors, a carbon dioxide sensor to detect presence of the subject, temperature sensors at the kitchen sink to detect cooking. Three subjects (22 years female, 30 years male, and 76 years female) who live alone were selected and monitored for a month each. Output of sensors were recorded in a personal computer. Monitoring was performed fully automatically. As a result, habits of daily activities could be dearly identified. It was demonstrated that daily behaviors could be monitored with sensor outputs. Such monitoring can contribute to the maintenance of health.
Peroxidase‐Catalyzed Oxidative Polymerization of Phenol with a Nonionic Polymer Surfactant Template in Water (2004)

Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidative polymerization of phenol has been examined using the template, poly(ethylene glycol) monododecyl ether (PEGMDE), in water. The role of this template, which forms a complex with phenol in the polymerization, was verified by UV measurements. During the reaction, a complex of the resulting polymer and PEGMDE was precipitated in high yields. The amount and the PEG chain length of PEGMDE strongly affected the polyphenol yield. The unit molar ratio of polyphenol and PEG of the template was about 1:0.9. The presence of the PEGMDE template in the aqueous medium greatly improved the regioselectivity of the polymerization, yielding polyphenol with a phenylene unit content close to 90%. FT-IR, DSC, and XRD analyses confirmed the formation of the miscible complex of polyphenol and PEGMDE by hydrogen-bonding interactions.
Development and Validation of a New Method to Measure Walking Speed in Free-Living Environments Using the Actibelt® Platform (2011)

Walking speed is a fundamental indicator for human well-being. In a clinical setting, walking speed is typically measured by means of walking tests using different protocols. However, walking speed obtained in this way is unlikely to be representative of the conditions in a free-living environment. Recently, mobile accelerometry has opened up the possibility to extract walking speed from long-time observations in free-living individuals, but the validity of these measurements needs to be determined. In this investigation, we have developed algorithms for walking speed prediction based on 3D accelerometry data (actibeltH) and created a framework using a standardized data set with gold standard annotations to facilitate the validation and comparison of these algorithms. For this purpose 17 healthy subjects operated a newly developed mobile gold standard while walking/running on an indoor track. Subsequently, the validity of 12 candidate algorithms for walking speed prediction ranging from well-known simple approaches like combining step length with frequency to more sophisticated algorithms such as linear and non-linear models was assessed using statistical measures. As a result, a novel algorithm employing support vector regression was found to perform best with a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.93 (95%CI 0.92-0.94) and a coverage probability CP1 of 0.46 (95%CI 0.12-0.70) for a deviation of 0.1 m/s (CP2 0.78, CP3 0.94) when compared to the mobile gold standard while walking indoors. A smaller outdoor experiment confirmed those results with even better coverage probability. We conclude that walking speed thus obtained has the potential to help establish walking speed in free-living environments as a patient-oriented outcome measure.
Forward Error Correction Coding for Fading Compensation in Mobile Satellite Channels (1987)

Fading in mobile satellite communications severely degrades the performance of data transmission. The channel is modeled with nonfrequency selective Rice and Rayleigh fading. Also, stored channel simulation is used for hardware data transmission. FEC coding with Viterbi decoding of convolutional codes, and Berlekamp-Massey decoding of Reed-Solomon codes, are used to compensate for the fading. In addition to interleaving, channel state and erasure information improve the performance of the decoder. The BER after decoding is calculated for specific codes on several channels and for different transmission schemes. Using very simple channel state and erasure information gives 2-7 dB additional coding gain. These gains have been verified by hardware data transmission on synthetic fading channels and stored mobile satellite channels.
Site-directed mutagenesis of coumarin-type anticoagulant-sensitive VKORC1 (2005)

Coumarin and homologous compounds are the most widely used anticoagulant drugs worldwide. They function as antagonists of vitamin K, an essential cofactor for the posttranslational gamma-glutamyl carboxylation of the so-called vitamin K-dependent proteins. As vitamin K hydroquinone is converted to vitamin K epoxide (VKO) in every carboxylation step, the epoxide has to be recycled to the reduced form by the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex (VKOR). Recently, a single coumarin-sensitive protein of the putative VKOR enzyme complex was identified in humans (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1, VKORC1). Mutations in VKORC1 result in two different phenotypes: warfarin resistance (WR) and multiple coagulation factor deficiency type 2 (VKCFD2). Here,we report on the expression of site-directed VKORC1 mutants, addressing possible structural and functional roles of all seven cysteine residues (Cys16, Cys43, Cys51, Cys85, Cys96, Cys132, Cys135), the highly conserved residue Ser/Thr57, and Arg98, known to cause VKCFD2 in humans. Our results support the hypothesis that the C132-X-X-C135 motif in VKORC1 comprises part of the redox active site that catalyzes VKO reduction and also suggest a crucial role for the hydrophobic Thr-Tyr-Ala motif in coumarin binding. Furthermore, our results support the concept that different structural components of VKORC1 define the binding sites for vitamin K epoxide and coumarin.