gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled Electrodeposition of Nanoparticulate Tungsten Oxide (2002)

Nanoparticulate tungsten oxide films were synthesized by pulsed electrodeposition. Particle sizes between 45 and ∼330 nm were achieved by varying pulse duration from 5 to 500 ms. Shorter pulses increased the rate of new particle nucleation above the rate of existing particle growth, allowing for the observed variations in size. Cathodic deposition voltage (−1 ∼ −3 V) had little effect on particle size. Compared to films prepared by continuous electrodeposition, nanoparticulate tungsten oxide films showed a higher photoactivity and greater current density for the hydrogen intercalation reaction. Functional improvements are explained by the smaller particle size and larger surface area of nanocrystalline tungsten oxide.
Steroid and peptide regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins secreted by human endometrial stromal cells is dependent on stromal differentiation. (1992)

Endometrial stromal cells undergo decidual transformation, in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and progesterone. Since insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are believed to be involved in endometrial differentiation, and insulin regulates IGFBP production in a variety of cells, we have investigated the modulatory roles of EGF, progesterone, and insulin on IGFBP secretion by long term cultures of human endometrial stromal cells. Without insulin, the principal IGFBP secreted into conditioned medium, detected by Western ligand blotting, was a 28-kilodalton (kDa) IGFBP, identified by immunoprecipitation as IGFBP-1. This was observed only when the stromal cells were decidualized. With increasing insulin, IGFBP-1 decreased to undetectable levels. Concomitantly, IGFBP-2 increased, as did a 24-kDa IGFBP (believed to be IGFBP-4) and a 28-kDa IGFBP, shown to be a glycoprotein by endoglycosidase sensitivity (and believed to be glycosylated IGFBP-4). In the nondecidualized state, insulin increased the secretion of IGFBP-3, IGFBP-2, and the 24-kDa IGFBP, which were slightly inhibited by EGF and relatively unaffected by progesterone alone. In the absence of insulin, progesterone weakly stimulated IGFBP-1 secretion, which increased markedly when the cells were decidualized by combined treatment with EGF and progesterone. These data show that IGFBP-3, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-1, and presumably IGFBP-4 and its glycosylated form are differentially regulated by peptide and steroid hormones in endometrial stromal cells and that their regulation is a function of stromal differentiation.
Abrikosov vortex memory (1985)

A nondestructive readout random access memory (RAM) cell based on the use of Abrikosov vortices in thin-film type-II superconductors is newly designed and experimentally tested. The cell occupies an area of 30×60 μm2 with a 5-μm design rule. Proper memory cell operation is achieved in the so-called 1, −1 mode using the shift saturation effect, which occurs on the shift value characteristics of the sense gate threshold curves as a function of the write currents. This is the first Abrikosov vortex RAM cell to operate properly. The write current level has been reduced one order of magnitude using a Pb/In/Au film co-evaporated at 90 K for the vortex storage region.
Solid-phase polymerase chain reaction: applications for direct detection of enteric pathogens in waters (1992)

The techniques in current use for detection of pathogens in environmental samples are restricted to those organisms whose replication in either culture media or cell culture is feasible. These methods lack the selectivity and sensitivity necessary for their unequivocal detection and identification. We have developed an assay for the detection of bacterial cells in large volumes of water. Low concentrations of cells containing target sequences were concentrated on membrane filters and were subjected to amplification directly using a stepwise polymerase chain reaction. This procedure, together with nucleic acid probes, has enhanced the limit of detection to the level of a single bacterial cell. This technique could be used for the detection of any bacteria or virus in water or air.
Visualization of the Calcitonin Receptor-like Receptor and Its Receptor Activity-modifying Proteins during Internalization and Recycling (2000)

Expression of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and its receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) can produce calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors (CRLR/RAMP1) and adrenomedullin (AM) receptors (CRLR/RAMP2 or -3). A chimera of the CRLR and green fluorescent protein (CRLR-GFP) was used to study receptor localization and trafficking in stably transduced HEK 293 cells, with or without co-transfection of RAMPs. CRLR-GFP failed to generate responses to CGRP or AM without RAMPs. Furthermore, CRLR-GFP was not found in the plasma membrane and its localization was unchanged after agonist exposure. When stably coexpressed with RAMPs, CRLR-GFP appeared on the cell surface and was fully active in intracellular cAMP production and calcium mobilization. Agonist-mediated internalization of CRLR-GFP was observed in RAMP1/CGRP or AM, RAMP2/AM, and RAMP3/AM, which occurred with similar kinetics, indicating the existence of ligand-specific regulation of CRLR internalization by RAMPs. This internalization was strongly inhibited by hypertonic medium (0.45 m sucrose) and paralleled localization of rhodamine-labeled transferrin, suggesting that CRLR endocytosis occurred predominantly through a clathrin-dependent pathway. A significant proportion of CRLR was targeted to lysosomes upon binding of the ligands, and recycling of the internalized CRLR was not efficient. In HEK 293 cells stably expressing CRLR-GFP and Myc-RAMPs, these rhodamine-labeled RAMPs were co-localized with CRLR-GFP in the presence and absence of the ligands. Thus, the CRLR is endocytosed together with RAMPs via clathrin-coated vesicles, and both the internalized molecules are targeted to the degradative pathway.
A role for oligodendrocyte‐derived IGF‐1 in trophic support of cortical neurons (2001)

Neurons and glia interact in the development of mammalian central nervous systems and in the maintenance of stable myelinated axons. Recent evidence suggests a role for oligodendrocytes in providing trophic support for neurons during development and in the mature nervous system. This work prompted us to study oligodendrocyte influences on neuronal survival and death in vitro. Rat embryonic cortical neurons were co-cultured with purified oligodendrocytes at different developmental stages and separately with oligodendrocyte-conditioned medium. Neuronal survival was measured by immunocytochemistry and 3H-GABA uptake. Neurons show a marked increase in survival when co-cultured directly with oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs) and differentiated oligodendrocytes. Neurons cultured in the presence of OPCs separated by a permeable membrane and those cultured in medium conditioned by oligodendrocytes also show a significant increase in survival. Medium conditioned by differentiated oligodendrocytes provides a greater survival effect than medium conditioned by OPCs. Neutralising antibodies to IGF-1, but not to other candidate trophic factors, block the soluble survival effect of oligodendrocytes. Cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage produce IGF-1 and recombinant IGF-1 promotes neuronal survival under identical conditions. This study provides evidence that OPCs and differentiated oligodendrocytes support neuronal survival by both contact-mediated and soluble mechanisms and that IGF-1 significantly contributes to this effect.
Thyroid microsomal/thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies show discrete patterns of cross-reactivity to myeloperoxidase, lactoperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase. (1989)

The recent cloning of the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) has shown that it is identical to the thyroid microsomal antigen (TMA), a potent antigen involved in autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), which shares significant sequence homology with myeloperoxidase. The present study shows that autoantibodies (aAb) to the TMA/TPO antigen cross-react with human leucocyte myeloperoxidase, bovine lactoperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase. Cross-reactivity to myeloperoxidase was only apparent by ELISA using reduced and alkylated antigen preparations or by immunoblotting following denaturation with SDS. Sequential absorption of sera on SDS-denatured thyroid microsomes immobilized on Sepharose-4B followed by absorption on native microsomes removed all aAb specificities to TMA/TPO and the three peroxidase preparations, giving compelling evidence on the genuine cross-reactive nature of these aAbs. Sera from different patients contain different qualitative and quantitative specificities of aAb to the TMA/TPO antigen, confirming the polyclonal nature of this autoimmune response.
2-Thio-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-9,10-dimethoxy-2H-benzo[<i>a</i>]quinolizines (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Thio-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-9,10-dimethoxy-2H-benzo[a]quinolizinesM. R. Harnden and J H. ShortCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 6, 1183–1184Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00318a051https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00318a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relating structure to function: the role of the C2 domain in Factor VIII. (2000)

Factor VIII is a plasma glycoprotein that becomes activated during blood coagulation. Through its association with other procoagulant components at the wound site, it leads to a tremendous acceleration in the production of thrombin, and thus to the rate at which bleeding is staunched. Deficiencies in Factor VIII can result in hemophilia A, the most common hereditary bleeding disorder. Advances in molecular biology and protein chemistry led to characterization of Factor VIII and its gene in the early 1980s. Over the past 15 years, PCR methods combined with careful clinical studies have identified many of the molecular defects associated with hemophilia A. Concurrently, basic research utilizing both plasma-derived Factor VIII and recombinant constructs has led to a greatly improved understanding of the functions of specific regions within this large glycoprotein. This review focuses on recent advances in elucidating the roles of the Factor VIII carboxy terminal C2 domain. Particular emphasis is placed upon interpreting biophysical measurements and clinical data in light of the recently obtained high-resolution crystal structure of the recombinant C2 domain. Some interesting directions for future experiments are also suggested.
84. The preparation of 9 : 10-di-(4-carboxybutyl)anthracene and related reactions (1957)

K. J. Clark, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 463 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570000463
Child positioning system using RFID for shopping complexes (2010)

Amphiphilic peptides that induce catalysis are interesting alternatives to natural enzymes thanks to robustness of their synthesis and the ability to induce certain types of conformations by specific motifs of amino acid sequences. Various studies aimed at mimicking the activity of serine proteases by designed peptides. Here we demonstrate that the order by which the catalytic triad residues are positioned along amphiphilic β-strands influences both assembly structures and catalytic activity. A set of three β-sheet amphiphilic peptides, decorated with different orders of the catalytic triad amino acids, Glu, His and Ser along the strands were evaluated for their catalytic hydrolysis efficiency of p-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) substrate. Among the three peptides, Ac-Cys-Phe-Glu-Phe-Ser-Phe-His-Phe-Pro-NH<sub>2</sub> (ESH) achieved the greatest catalytic efficiency with a value of 0.19 M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, at peptide concentration of 250 μM. This study sheds light on an overlooked factor in designing catalytic amphiphilic assemblies whereby charged residues that make up the active sites, are in fact engaged in intermolecular stabilizing interactions that in turn may hamper their catalytic action.
Assertive comments in APL programming (1986)

Current practice in APL programming (and in most other languages) is to use comments to describe what is intended by subsequent lines within a function. An alternative approach to commenting is described, wherein assertions (a concept borrowed from program proof techniques) are inserted into APL code, specifying the present state of relevant variables, etc. It is shown that this approach is especially appropriate for APL, as most APL design is accomplished by working from a desired end result, backwards.
Correspondence Map-Aided Neighbor Embedding for Image Intra Prediction (2012)

This paper describes new image prediction methods based on neighbor embedding (NE) techniques. Neighbor embedding methods are used here to approximate an input block (the block to be predicted) in the image as a linear combination of K nearest neighbors. However, in order for the decoder to proceed similarly, the K nearest neighbors are found by computing distances between the known pixels in a causal neighborhood (called template) of the input block and the co-located pixels in candidate patches taken from a causal window. Similarly, the weights used for the linear approximation are computed in order to best approximate the template pixels. Although efficient, these methods suffer from limitations when the template and the block to be predicted are not correlated, e.g., in non homogenous texture areas. To cope with these limitations, this paper introduces new image prediction methods based on NE techniques in which the K-NN search is done in two steps and aided, at the decoder, by a block correspondence map, hence the name map-aided neighbor embedding (MANE) method. Another optimized variant of this approach, called oMANE method, is also studied. In these methods, several alternatives have also been proposed for the K-NN search. The resulting prediction methods are shown to bring significant rate-distortion performance improvements when compared to H.264 Intra prediction modes (up to 44.75% rate saving at low bit rates).
Serum Levels of TNF‐<i>α</i>, IFN‐<i>γ</i>, IL‐6, IL‐8,IL‐12, IL‐17, and IL‐18 in Patients With Active Psoriasis andCorrelation With Disease Severity (2005)

Recent progress in the understanding of psoriasis has shown that the regulation of local and systemic cytokines plays an important role in its pathogenesis. The most often used psoriasis score is the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). A simple laboratory test from a blood sample would be an attractive, patient-independent, and observer-independent marker of disease severity. To this end, we evaluated the association of serum levels of some proinflammatory cytokines in vivo and their correlation with severity of psoriasis. The serum levels of cytokines levels were determined with the use of the ELISA method. All mean values except IL-17 levels of patients were significantly higher than those of controls. There was a significant correlation between serum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-17, and IL-18, and severity of the disease. Psoriasis can be described as a T-cell-mediated disease, with a complex role for a variety of cytokines, which has led to the development of new immunomodulatory therapies. In this study, serum TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in active psoriatic patients than in controls. Furthermore, high levels of IFN-gamma, IL-12, and IL-18 correlated with the clinical severity and activity of psoriasis, and those measurements of serum levels of these cytokines may be objective parameters for the disease severity.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDE β‐LACTAMS AS POTENTIAL PROTEASE INHIBITORS (1984)

Abstract Die Lactame (IIIc)‐(IIIf), (IVc)‐(IVe), (VIIc), (VIId) und (XII) werden synthetisiert; sie sind als β‐Lactamanaloge eines Peptids, das ein Substrat (lnhibitor) von ACE ("Angiotensin Converting Enzyme") ist, potentielle lnhibitoren dieses Enzyms.
Polymerization of Lipid and Lysolipid Like Diacetylenes in Monolayers and Liposomes (1981)

Abstract Since conventional model membranes (Black Lipid Membranes (BLM), liposomes) lack in long time stability, a number of polymerizable lysophospholipid and phospholipid like monomers were synthesized, where the diacetylene moiety was the polymerizable unit. The hydrophilic head groups were simple ammonium, ether, or amine structures as well as phosphorus containing groups also occurring in nature. A first characterization of the monomers was achieved by surface pressure-area diagrams at the gas-water interface. Additionally, these monolayers could be polymerized via UV irradiation yielding stable, totally rigid polymer films. The mechanism of the polyreaction was followed with a new device permitting the recording of mono-layer UV spectra. Electron microscopy showed that sonication of aqueous suspensions of phospholipid and lysophospholipid analogs yielded spherical vesicles, which could be polymerized by UV light under complete retention of their structure.
Electrical properties of Ga-implanted Si p/sup +/-n shallow junctions fabricated by low-temperature rapid thermal annealing (1988)

p/sup +/-n shallow-junction diodes were fabricated using on-axis Ga/sup 69/ implantation into crystalline and preamorphized Si, at energies of 25-75 keV for a dose of 1*10/sup 15//cm/sup 2/, which is in excess of the dosage (2*10/sup 14//cm/sup 2/) required to render the implanted layer amorphous. Rapid thermal annealing at 550-600 degrees C for 30 s resulted in the solid-phase epitaxial (SPE) regrowth of the implanted region accompanied by high Ga activation and shallow junction (60-130 nm) formation. Good diode electrical characteristics for the Ga implantation into crystalline Si were obtained; leakage current density of 1-1.5 nA/cm/sup 2/ and ideality factor of 1.01-1.03. Ga implantation into preamorphized Si resulted in a two to three times decrease in sheet resistance, but a leakage current density orders of magnitude higher.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
EFFECT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SQUID PROTAMINE (1999)

Based on abundant resources of squid as crude material, spermatozoa of adult squid were used selectively. After a serial processes of extraction, hydrolyzation and precipitation, crude product of protamine was yielded. The crude protamine was then puri fied by column chromatograph packed with Sephadex G-25. In this paper such physical and chemical factors as temperature, pH, salt concentration, organic substances, etc that affect antimicrobial activity of protamine were studied. Also, the minimum inhibition concentration of protamine was measured under various conditions.
Performance Analysis of Sleep Mode Operation in IEEE 802.16e Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems (2006)

In this paper, we analytically evaluate the sleep mode operation of the IEEE 802.16e, defined for the power saving. In the sleep mode, an Mobile Subscribe Station (MSS) sleeps for a sleep window and wakes up at the end of the sleep window in order to check pending download packet(s) destined to itself. If there is no such a packet, the MSS doubles the sleep window up to the maximum value and sleeps again. For a quantitative analysis, we model the sleep mode operation as a semi-Markov chain. Then, the average packet delay and average power consumption are analytically derived. Based on the performance analysis, we discuss selecting the proper set of operational parameter values for a given traffic arrival pattern.
Recent advances in understanding ichthyosis pathogenesis (2016)

The ichthyoses, also known as disorders of keratinization (DOK), encompass a heterogeneous group of skin diseases linked by the common finding of abnormal barrier function, which initiates a default compensatory pathway of hyperproliferation, resulting in the characteristic clinical manifestation of localized and/or generalized scaling. Additional cutaneous findings frequently seen in ichthyoses include generalized xerosis, erythroderma, palmoplantar keratoderma, hypohydrosis, and recurrent infections. In 2009, the Ichthyosis Consensus Conference established a classification consensus for DOK based on pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and mode of inheritance. This nomenclature system divides DOK into two main groups: nonsyndromic forms, with clinical findings limited to the skin, and syndromic forms, with involvement of additional organ systems. Advances in next-generation sequencing technology have allowed for more rapid and cost-effective genetic analysis, leading to the identification of novel, rare mutations that cause DOK, many of which represent phenotypic expansion. This review focuses on new findings in syndromic and nonsyndromic ichthyoses, with emphasis on novel genetic discoveries that provide insight into disease pathogenesis.
Optimized Steerable Motor Design Overcomes Drilling Challenges in the Fayetteville Shale Unconventional Play (2012)

Abstract The US-land unconventional shale plays have initiated an exponential increase in the number of horizontal wells drilled and completed in the last decade. Maximizing well productivity and improving drilling efficiency has always been a major challenge. Well placement in the sweet spot and extended laterals help maximize productivity. Curve intervals drilled with higher dogleg severity (DLS) have a reduced vertical-section which maximizes the length of subsequent lateral section in the productive zone. Wells in US shale plays are usually drilled with a DLS of 10 to 14 °/100 ft, but achievinghigh DLS presents numerous drilling challenges: rotating a steerable motor with a high adjustable kick-off sub (AKO) angle could result in bottomhole assembly (BHA) fatigue failure and premature damage to bit; drilling in oriented (slide) mode limits weight transfer to the bit which may reduce the rate-of-penetration (ROP). These challenges led to the development and successful testing of a new steerable optimized designmotor (ODM) with a short bit-to-bend (BTB) distance. In some cases, the ODM motor drilled all sections, including high-DLS curves, tangents and laterals with precise directional control and well placement with one BHA. The ODM has helped the operator to achieve higher DLS at lower AKO angle settings, enabled rotating the BHA in well profiles where previously used motors could be operated only in slidemode and maximized the length of curve interval drilled in rotary mode at higher RPMs. Drilling high- DLS curves increased the length of laterals, enabling additional recovery of gas. The new system significantly improved drilling performance with excellent directional control. This paper will discuss the design, modeling and results of horizontal type wells drilled using the steerable ODM in the Fayetteville Shale unconventional play.