gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Energy-Saving Steer-by-Wire System for Articulated Steering Vehicles: A Compact Wheel Loader Case Study (2013)

Improving energy efficiency remains a priority in the industrial and academic communities given the ever increasing demand on fossil fuels and their skyrocketing prices. Pump displacement controlled (DC) actuation is an energy efficient alternative to traditional valve controlled actuation. The technology has shown significant fuel savings on mobile machinery when applied to the working hydraulics (implement) functions of such machines. However, DC actuation has never been investigated for use on mobile machinery chassis systems, namely power steering. In this paper and for the first time, a novel closed-circuit pump DC system architecture is devised to perform the power steering system function of a compact wheel loader. A dynamic model of the new system was generated to corroborate concept feasibility, perform system sizing and analysis, and predict performance during standard steering maneuvers. Simulation results showed that a DC power steering system is a feasible, promising, and challenging alternative, which upon further research and development will be brought to life and tested on a prototype machine.
Automated co-culture system for spatiotemporal analysis of cell-to-cell communication (2015)

We present a microfluidic co-culture system that generates localized and precisely formulated immune signals among a population of cells, enabling spatiotemporal analysis of paracrine signal transmission between different cell types. The automated system allows us to create temporally modulated chemical inputs that can be delivered to single signal-transmitting and receiving cells in a highly controlled way. Using this system we stimulated a single macrophage with brief pulses of bacterial LPS and observed the macrophage transmitted TNF signal propagating in a population of fibroblasts via NF-κB activation. The signal receiving fibroblasts transformed the TNF signal into a spatiotemporally distributed NF-κB output, recapitulating the initiation of immune response to bacterial infection.
Structural Characteristics of (NiMgAl)O<sub><i>x</i></sub> Prepared from a Layered Double Hydroxide Precursor and its Application in Direct Internal Reforming Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (2007)

Abstract (NiMgAl)O x materials prepared from layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursors show a typical mesoporous structure with an average pore size of about 6 nm, excellent activity for the methane steam reforming (MSR) reaction at 650 °C, and a strong resistance against Li poisoning, suggesting the possibility for future application in direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cells (DIR‐MCFC). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) experiments indicate that the molar ratio of Al/Mg exerts a strong effect on the properties of both the LDH precursors and final catalysts. Temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR) analysis reveals that the Al/Mg molar ratio influences the properties of Ni in the final catalyst. The catalytic performance of the catalysts prepared is greatly influenced by the molar ratio of Al/Mg for MSR. The activity gradually increases with an increase in the Al/Mg ratio (0.14–1.5). However, with further increases in the amount of Al added (Al/Mg = 2), the activity decreases. The activity is strongly related to the BET surface area and Ni dispersion. The Li‐poisoning test proves that Mg‐rich catalysts lose their activity quickly upon exposure to Li, while Al‐rich catalysts maintain virtually all of their original activity. NiMgAl (Al/Mg = 1.5) is found to be an excellent catalyst for the DIR‐MCFC, having both the highest activity and strongest resistance against Li poisoning.
A Generalized Algorithm for Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning and Policy Adaptation (2019)

We introduce a new algorithm for multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) with linear preferences, with the goal of enabling few-shot adaptation to new tasks. In MORL, the aim is to learn policies over multiple competing objectives whose relative importance (preferences) is unknown to the agent. While this alleviates dependence on scalar reward design, the expected return of a policy can change significantly with varying preferences, making it challenging to learn a single model to produce optimal policies under different preference conditions. We propose a generalized version of the Bellman equation to learn a single parametric representation for optimal policies over the space of all possible preferences. After an initial learning phase, our agent can execute the optimal policy under any given preference, or automatically infer an underlying preference with very few samples. Experiments across four different domains demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Relative Potencies of Human, Rat, Bovine/Caprine, Porcine and Ovine Hypothalamic Growth Hormone-Releasing Factors to Release Growth Hormone by the Rat Anterior Pituitary in vitro (1986)

Synthetic rat, human, bovine/caprine, porcine and ovine growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) were tested for their capacity to release growth hormone (GH) by the rat anterior pituitary in vitro. All peptides elicited parallel and dose-dependent increases in GH release and produced similar maximal GH secretion. Rat GRF was 3-6 times more potent in stimulating the release of GH than all other GRFs, while human, bovine/caprine, porcine and ovine GRF had potencies that were not statistically different. The increased potency of both rat GRF(1-27)NH2 and rat GRF(1-23)NH2 when compared to human GRF(1-27)NH2 and human GRF(1-23)NH2, respectively, suggests that the increased potency of this molecule resides in structural differences in the amino terminal of native GRF. The results demonstrate increased sensitivity of rat pituitary cells for their homologous releasing factor.
cAMP regulates DEP domain-mediated binding of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Epac1 to phosphatidic acid at the plasma membrane (2012)

Epac1 is a cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small G protein Rap. Upon cAMP binding, Epac1 undergoes a conformational change that results in its release from autoinhibition. In addition, cAMP induces the translocation of Epac1 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. This relocalization of Epac1 is required for efficient activation of plasma membrane-located Rap and for cAMP-induced cell adhesion. This translocation requires the Dishevelled, Egl-10, Pleckstrin (DEP) domain, but the molecular entity that serves as the plasma membrane anchor and the possible mechanism of regulated binding remains elusive. Here we show that Epac1 binds directly to phosphatidic acid. Similar to the cAMP-induced Epac1 translocation, this binding is regulated by cAMP and requires the DEP domain. Furthermore, depletion of phosphatidic acid by inhibition of phospholipase D1 prevents cAMP-induced translocation of Epac1 as well as the subsequent activation of Rap at the plasma membrane. Finally, mutation of a single basic residue within a polybasic stretch of the DEP domain, which abolishes translocation, also prevents binding to phosphatidic acid. From these results we conclude that cAMP induces a conformational change in Epac1 that enables DEP domain-mediated binding to phosphatidic acid, resulting in the tethering of Epac1 at the plasma membrane and subsequent activation of Rap.
Entropy-Aware I/O Pipelining for Large-Scale Deep Learning on HPC Systems (2018)

Deep neural networks have recently gained tremendous interest due to their capabilities in a wide variety of application areas such as computer vision and speech recognition. Thus it is important to exploit the unprecedented power of leadership High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems for greater potential of deep learning. While much attention has been paid to leverage the latest processors and accelerators, I/O support also needs to keep up with the growth of computing power for deep neural networks. In this research, we introduce an entropy-aware I/O framework called DeepIO for large-scale deep learning on HPC systems. Its overarching goal is to coordinate the use of memory, communication, and I/O resources for efficient training of datasets. DeepIO features an I/O pipeline that utilizes several novel optimizations: RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access)-assisted in-situ shuffling, input pipelining, and entropy-aware opportunistic ordering. In addition, we design a portable storage interface to support efficient I/O on any underlying storage system. We have implemented DeepIO as a prototype for the popular TensorFlow framework and evaluated it on a variety of different storage systems. Our evaluation shows that DeepIO delivers significantly better performance than existing memory-based storage systems.
Variability in Brightness Matching of Colored Lights (1988)

Fifty-four subjects matched the brightness of CRT images using a luminance adjustment method. The log-luminance ratio (LLR) of brightness-matched images was the response index. Standard deviations of LLR depended on the color relationship of the compared sources, the background luminance, the target type, and the subject's age. Heterochromatic (i.e., different color) comparisons were more variable than either homochromatic (i.e., same color) or color-white comparisons. Standard deviations were greater for text than for circle comparisons and greater for high-luminance backgrounds than for low-luminance backgrounds. LLR was somewhat more variable for the older subjects in this study. By treating LLR as an index of brightness disparity, a one-dimensional scale of brightness was obtained for each subject. The degree of transitivity exhibited by these scales was relatively high and was not related to age or gender.
Structural and functional analyses of a yeast mitochondrial ribosomal protein homologous to ribosomal protein S15 of<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1990)

We have purified a small subunit mitochondrial ribosomal protein, MRPS28p, from the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sequence from the amino terminus of MRPS28p was used to design a degenerate oligonucleotide that was complementary to the MRPS28 gene. The MRPS28 gene was isolated and its sequence determined. The MRPS28 sequence encodes a 28 kDa protein that has a region of homology with ribosomal protein S15 of E. coli. This region spans the entire length of the E. coli protein, but as MRPS28p is larger, includes only the portion of the MRPS28p sequence from amino acids 150 to 238. Based on this homology, we predict that MRPS28p, like E. coli S15, interacts directly with small subunit rRNA and functions as an early protein in ribosome assembly. Cells carrying a disrupted chromosomal copy of MRPS28 are unable to respire and spontaneously lose portions of their mitochondrial genomes at a high frequency. These phenotypes are consistent with an essential role for MRPS28p in the assembly and/or function of the mitochondrial ribosome.
<title>Real-time multicast with scalable reliability</title> (1998)

This paper proposes and investigates a protocol or real-time multicast applications called MSR. Two essential features in MSR are its traffic shaping and scalable retransmission schemes. To minimize packet loss and delay in the network, MSR spaces out the transmission of bursty data at the source. Reliability is further enhanced with a scheme in which the receivers make use of NAC messages to request for retransmission of packets from the sender. To avoid the well-known NACK is issued among a group of receivers. Unlike previous multicast protocols which attempt to achieve 100 percent reliability by requiring a correct copy of a packet to reach all receivers before the retransmission process stops, a key feature in our scheme is that the level of reliability can be scaled in accordance with the maximum tolerable end-to-end delay, defined as the difference between the instant at which the real-time data must be presented to the user and the instant at which it is created at the sender. MSR attempts to make optimal use of measured parameters such as delay, round-trip delay, loss rate, etc. to scale the retransmission process and provide single NACK mechanism. We adopt the framework of the standard RTP and RTCP for the implementation of MSR. This paper present a proof to show that the time-out mechanism in MSR, which is required to effect retransmission request, would work even if the clocks of the sender and receivers are not synchronized, a situation not uncommon in the Internet. Many multimedia streaming protocols currently used on the Web either uses a 100 percent reliable protocol like TCP or unreliable protocol like UDP. The former sacrifices the 'real-timeness' and the latter sacrifices the quality of the presentation. Our rough performance analysis indicates that there is perhaps a better intermediate solution using a scalable protocol like MSR.
A large pedigree with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (1995)

We present clinical, neuropsychological, and neuropathologic data on a large pedigree including 34 subjects with early-onset progressive dementia. The mean (+/- SD) age at onset was 46 +/- 3.5 years and the mean age at death 52.6 +/- 5.7 years. Twelve patients were clinically diagnosed as having probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Neuropsychological evaluation, performed at a moderate stage of the disease, was available in six subjects and showed a classic pattern of cognitive deficit. Myoclonus and extrapyramidal signs were common, and seizures were present in all affected subjects. There were neuropathologic changes typical of AD in two brains. A significant lod score of 5.48 was observed at a recombination fraction of theta = 0.0 with the genetic marker D14S43, thereby establishing that the responsible gene was located on chromosome 14q24.3. These results suggest that epilepsy could represent a particular feature in AD families linked to chromosome 14q.
Enhancing random-pattern coverage of programmable logic arrays via masking technique (2003)

A testable design is presented of programmable logic arrays (PLAs) with high fault coverage for random test patterns. The proposed design is realized with low area overhead by adding two mask arrays to the AND and OR arrays of the PLA. To clarify the effect of the masking technique, an experiment was performed in which eight large PLAs were modified by adding various sizes of mask arrays, and then performing fault simulation with random patterns for those random-pattern test coverage curves. It was found that fault coverage could be significantly enhanced by the proposed masking technique with very low area overhead.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of two forms of strain decomposition in an elastic-plastic damaging model for concrete (2007)

In the paper a new modified form of the constitutive equations for concrete in the general framework for elastic-plastic damaging models proposed by the authors in (Contrafatto and Cuomo 2006 J. Plast. 22 2273–300) is presented. The modification concerns the definition of the internal energy potential. In the original paper the expression of the elastic energy potential depends on the sign of the trace of the elastic strain tensor. In the new formulation a decomposition of the strain tensor in its positive and negative component by means of a basis-free representation in terms of eigenprojections is used. As a consequence a different evolution of damage, affecting in a different way the tensile and compressive component of the strain tensor, is obtained. The two models belong to the class of continuum scalar damage models and are developed within the context of simple materials. The new model, first formulated in an arbitrary cartesian coordinate system, is presented in a principal axes representation, in order to reduce the algebraic complexity of the expressions and to make easier the analysis of simple load processes, while the treatment of the constitutive equations for the general case will be an object of future developments. A comparison between the predictions of the two models is performed by means of the analysis of some loading processes. The new formulation is able to overcome some drawbacks of the original model, especially in the tensile regime. In contrast, in the compressive regime, for which already the original formulation yielded satisfactory results, no change was detected.
A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE ON THE WOUND HEALING PROCESS IN RAT (2007)

Wound healing is the restoration of physical integrity to internal and external structures and involves intricate interactions between the cells and numerous other factors. Appropriate treatment and care are essential for acceleration of the healing process, prevention of infection and chronicity of the wound and different means and approaches have thus far been used to this end. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of magnesium hydroxide that was used for prevention of bed sores erstwhile on the wound healing process. The effect of magnesium hydroxide on the healing process in two models of skin wound; length wounds of 15 mm full-thickness and round wounds of 5 mm in diameter full thickness incision were created in the paravertebral area, 1.5 mm from midline on the back of rats was evaluated through measuring the length and area of the healed region and process pathological on different days, and conducting tensiometry experiments after complete wound healing. The percentage of wound healing on days 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 in control group of length wounds changed in the group treated with magnesium hydroxide from 10.13%, 31.88%, 52.46%, 78.75% and 100% to 11.63%, 49.75% (p<0.05), 94% (p<0.01), 100% and 100% respectively; also the percentage of wound healing on days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 in control group of round wounds changed in the group treated with magnesium hydroxide from 9.88%, 21.25%, 52.13%, 69.63%, 88.21% and 100% to 12.25%, 37.25% (p<0.05), 60.5%, 76%, 93.4% and 100% respectively. Stress (maximum tensile force causing skin rupture) changed from 13.19 Newton (N) in the control group of length wound to 20.87 N, also from 11.78 N (p<0.05) in the control group of round wound to 16.9 N (p<0.05) in group treated with magnesium hydroxide. Strain (tissue length under maximum strain) changed from 9.98 mm in the control group of length wound to 15.43 mm (p<0.05), also from 10.53 mm in the control group of round wound to 17 mm (p<0.05) in group treated with magnesium hydroxide. The result of pathological samples of view histological (wound healing and cell aggregative) accelerated in magnesium groups on length and round wounds partition to control groups. Our findings suggest that magnesium hydroxide may have accelerated the skin wound healing process in rat and increased tissue strength through stimulating collagen formation.
Linked-list visualization for debugging (1991)

Recent extensions to the VIPS debugger are described. In the original version of VIPS, visualization of linked structures was limited to very small lists or to selected portions of larger structures. The newer version of VIPS extends the original work by adding multiple levels of browsers, letting users interactively identify sublists of interest. Animation facilities support the visualization of dynamic list operations simultaneously among the various views. A preliminary evaluation shows that VIPS helps users find bugs about 30% faster using about 25% fewer debugging commands than Dbxtool, and it can display even a large linked list within about one second.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gender differences in long-term survival of patients with colorectal cancer (2001)

Significant gender differences following curative rectal cancer resection were observed. In women disease-free and overall survival were significantly longer. Whether or not these gender differences are related to gender-specific immune functions or to other gender-related local or systemic factors remains to be determined.
The gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease: Possibilities for food-based therapies (2017)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually characterized by cardinal motor impairments. However, a range of non-motor symptoms precede the motor-phase and are major determinants for the quality of life. To date, no disease modifying treatment is available for PD patients. The gold standard therapy of levodopa is based on restoring dopaminergic neurotransmission, thereby alleviating motor symptoms, whereas non-motor symptoms remain undertreated. One of the most common non-motor symptoms is gastrointestinal dysfunction usually associated with alpha-synuclein accumulations and low-grade mucosal inflammation in the enteric nervous system. Accumulating evidence suggest that the enteric nervous system is involved in PD pathological progression towards the central nervous system. Moreover, different components of the gut could provide a central role in the gut-brain axis, which is as a bidirectional communicational system between the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. Dietary components might influence the gut-brain axis by altering microbiota composition or by affecting neuronal functioning in both the ENS and the CNS. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the evidences supporting the hypothesis that PD could initiate in the gut. We also consider how food-based therapies might then have an impact on PD pathology and/or improve non-motor as well as motor symptoms in PD.
Optical Dilution and Feedback Cooling of a Gram-Scale Oscillator to 6.9 mK (2007)

We report on the use of a radiation pressure induced restoring force, the optical spring effect, to optically dilute the mechanical damping of a 1 g suspended mirror, which is then cooled by active feedback (cold damping). Optical dilution relaxes the limit on cooling imposed by mechanical losses, allowing the oscillator mode to reach a minimum temperature of 6.9 mK, a factor of approximately 40 000 below the environmental temperature. A further advantage of the optical spring effect is that it can increase the number of oscillations before decoherence by several orders of magnitude. In the present experiment we infer an increase in the dynamical lifetime of the state by a factor of approximately 200.
Ultrathin Cross-Linked Perfluoropolyether Film Coatings from Liquid CO<sub>2</sub> and Subsequent UV Curing (2010)

Ultrathin fluorinated films with highly solvent-resistant and optically clear characteristics were produced using liquid carbon dioxide free-meniscus coating followed by UV curing. Unique film morphologies including mesh and droplets structures resulted due to autophobic dewetting behavior of hydrophilic terminated perfluoropolyether.
Shaped dual reflector synthesis (1980)

The author provides a brief nonmathematical description of what dual shaped reflectors are, what they can do, and how they are synthesized. They have been used for many years. A most notable recent example is the high gain antennas on Voyagers 1 and 2, which are pictured on the cover of this publication.