gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All-optical broadband ultrasonography of single cells (2015)

Cell mechanics play a key role in several fundamental biological processes, such as migration, proliferation, differentiation and tissue morphogenesis. In addition, many diseased conditions of the cell are correlated with altered cell mechanics, as in the case of cancer progression. For this there is much interest in methods that can map mechanical properties with a sub-cell resolution. Here, we demonstrate an inverted pulsed opto-acoustic microscope (iPOM) that operates in the 10 to 100 GHz range. These frequencies allow mapping quantitatively cell structures as thin as 10 nm and resolving the fibrillar details of cells. Using this non-invasive all-optical system, we produce high-resolution images based on mechanical properties as the contrast mechanisms, and we can observe the stiffness and adhesion of single migrating stem cells. The technique should allow transferring the diagnostic and imaging abilities of ultrasonic imaging to the single-cell scale, thus opening new avenues for cell biology and biomaterial sciences.
A Semi-Analytic Model of Fog Effects on Vision, In : Atmospheric Turbulence, Meteorological Modeling and Aerodynamics (2010)

Fog is often considered as a mere nuisance rather than a hazard. However, reduced meteorological visibility conditions cause accidents and transportation delays, with substantial ﬁnancial consequences. The visibility loss results from minute airborne droplets which scatter light, causing drastic alterations in the image of the environment perceived by vision systems, both human and artiﬁcial. Modeling the visual effects of dense fog makes it possible to simulate foggy conditions, in order to design and test countermeasures for improved safety and mobility. First, we introduce basic notions about the nature of fog and we brieﬂy review the microphysical models which usually serve to describe its droplet size distribution. Second, we explain how light interacts with fog droplets, and we present the optical descriptors which describe scattering and extinction phenomena. Third, we analyze how contrast is impaired by these phenomena in the image of the environment perceived by a vision system, and we propose and discuss a semi-analytic model of the visual effects of fog. Finally, we show applications of this model to the monitoring of the meteorological visibility through use of charge-coupled device cameras operating in the visible light range.
Vědecká studie nebo obyčejný marketing (2006)

Přispěvek vysvětluje praktický význam noveho pokynu Statniho ustavu pro kontrolu leciv „PHV 3“, který výslovně upravuje neintervencni poregistracni studie bezpecnosti (NPSB) leků vydavaných na lekařský předpis. Pokyn plati od 1. března 2005 a jeho uživani v praxi se stale vice rozsiřuje. Smyslem uvedeneho pokynu je – zjednoduseně řeceno – umožnit těm, kteři chtěji provest NPSB, jeji dobrovolnou registraci u SUKLu, přicemž tato registrace ma být neformalni zarukou, že parametry studie odpovidaji skutecne vědecke cinnosti a nejsou nějakým obchazenim zakonů s marketingovými cili.
Trinary-Projection Trees for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (2013)

We address the problem of approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search for visual descriptor indexing. Most spatial partition trees, such as KD trees, VP trees, and so on, follow the hierarchical binary space partitioning framework. The key effort is to design different partition functions (hyperplane or hypersphere) to divide the points so that 1) the data points can be well grouped to support effective NN candidate location and 2) the partition functions can be quickly evaluated to support efficient NN candidate location. We design a trinary-projection direction-based partition function. The trinary-projection direction is defined as a combination of a few coordinate axes with the weights being 1 or -1. We pursue the projection direction using the widely adopted maximum variance criterion to guarantee good space partitioning and find fewer coordinate axes to guarantee efficient partition function evaluation. We present a coordinate-wise enumeration algorithm to find the principal trinary-projection direction. In addition, we provide an extension using multiple randomized trees for improved performance. We justify our approach on large-scale local patch indexing and similar image search.
RECOMBINATION ENHANCED MOBILITY OF DISLOCATIONS IN III-V COMPOUNDS (1983)

Quantitative features of the enhancement effect by electron beam irradiation on the dislocation glide in III-V compounds (n-GaAs, n-InP) are surveyed. The effect is explained in terms of the enhanced kink migration in the Peierls mechanism with an assist of the energy released by the non-radiative recombination of the injected carriers at the localized level associated with the dislocation.
Cyclic Heptapeptides from the Jamaican Sponge <i>Stylissa caribica</i> (2006)

Two new cyclic heptapeptides, stylisin 1(1) and stylisin 2 (2), were isolated and characterized from the Jamaican sponge Stylissa caribica, in addition to the cyclic heptapeptide phakellistatin 13 (3) and the known bromopyrrole alkaloids sceptrin (4), stevensine (5), and oroidin (6). The new structures were assigned on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, as well as chemical methods for the elucidation of the absolute configuration of amino acids. The peptides and alkaloids have been evaluated for their antimicrobial, antimalarial, anticancer, anti-HIV-1, anti-Mtb, and antiinflammatory activities.
Validation of different methods to compare isovolumic cardiac function in isolated hearts of varying sizes (1997)

Functional comparison of isolated hearts with different sizes has been difficult because function varies at different ventricular volumes. To date, no standard volume has been established. To determine the most accurate experimental approach, we tested five different methods to standardize volume in control hearts with different sizes but similar papillary muscle function and in hearts with concentric hypertrophy: intracardiac balloon volume (VB) = 120 microliters (M1). VB at diastolic pressure = 10 mmHg (M2) or diastolic wall stress = 4 kdyn/cm2 (M3), V1 = 25 microliters/100 g body weight (M4) and VB = 50% of volume at peak developed pressure (Vmax; M5). Systolic and diastolic functions of control groups were different using M1 and comparable using M2 or M5. M3 and M4 showed borderline significant differences. We concluded that M5 and M2 were suitable to compare function among hearts of different sizes. If diastolic compliance is of interest, as in concentric hypertrophy, parameter-volume curves should be normalized by Vmax to compare function at corresponding points of the Frank-Starling curve (e.g., at 50% of Vmax, M5).
The Dissolution Effects of CO2-Brine Systems on the Permeability of U.K. and North Sea Calcareous Sandstones (1982)

ABSTRACT Dissolution could be a serious problem in the operation of a carbon dioxide flood on a carbonate cemented sandstone. Laboratory core flooding experiments under reservoir conditions demonstrate the effect of the dissolution and the significance of textural properties of the rock. Core flood tests carried out on North Sea core material show similar permeability alteration and effluent concentrations both as a result of channelling and of total dissolution. The presence of residual oil delays the dissolution process. The textural heterogeneity in real rocks make it difficult for existing acidization models to be applied to the interpretation of the laboratory results.
Thermal Transport Properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>-Type Ge at Low Temperatures (1965)

The thermal resistivity $w$ contributed to Ge at low temperatures by electrically active impurities has been investigated by measurements on a series of single crystals ($n$-type) between 1.3 and 150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. By comparing compensated [(Sb+Ga)-doped] with noncompensated (Sb- or As-doped) samples, it is found that at temperatures below its minimum, $w$ may be correlated with the concentration of neutral donors ${n}_{\mathrm{ex}}$ (excess of donor over acceptor concentration). The form of the relation indicates that there must be at least two types of electron-phonon interaction: one for electrons in semi-isolated impurity states (${n}_{\mathrm{ex}}<6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) and another for electrons in the well-defined band formed at higher concentrations. In the low concentration range there is an impurity-species effect; the thermal conductivity $k$ in As-doped material is proportional to ${T}^{3}$ and is larger than in Sb-doped material with the same concentration, where it is proportional to ${T}^{4}$. These results seem qualitatively compatible with the models proposed by Keyes and by Griffin and Carruthers and confirm their main point: This phonon-electron interaction involves occupied semi-isolated states rather than transitions. An attempt to analyze the high concentration range by including in the Callaway model the phonon-electron relaxation time introduced by Ziman suggests that the theory is incomplete. The conservation of crystal momentum in these interactions may require correction terms that have not been considered. The thermoelectric power $Q$, the electrical resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}$, and the Hall constant (the last for the compensated samples, from 77 to 400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) were also measured. These data indicate that in $n$-type Ge with total impurity concentration greater than about ${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, the effect of 80% or more compensation is to reinstate the impurity levels in the energy gap. In addition it is found that $Q$ shows an impurity-species effect at temperatures at which the donor states are neutral, but not at higher temperatures. In the high-concentration material both $Q$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}$ can be analyzed by semimetal theory.
Reputation Inflation in an Online Marketplace (2015)

Average public feedback scores given to sellers have increased strongly over time in an online marketplace. Changes in marketplace composition or improved seller performance cannot fully explain this trend. We propose that two factors inflated reputations: (1) it costs more to give bad feedback than good feedback when feedback is public because buyers fear retaliation and (2) this cost is increasing in the market’s average feedback score. Together, (1) & (2) push the market towards an equilibrium where feedback is always positive, regardless of performance. To address this problem, the marketplace allowed and encouraged buyers to additionally give private feedback. This private feedback was more candid and more predictive of future worker performance. The marketplace experimentally revealed aggregate private feedback scores which influenced employers’ hiring decisions.
Is developmental dyslexia a disconnection syndrome? (1996)

A rhyming and short-term memory task with visually presented letters were used to study brain activity in five compensated adult developmental dyslexics. Their only cognitive difficulty was in phonological processing, manifest in a wide range of tasks including spoonerisms, phonemic fluency and digit naming speed. PET scans showed that for the dyslexics, a subset only of the brain regions normally involved in phonological processing was activated: Broca's area during the rhyming task, temporo-parietal cortex during the short- term memory task. In contrast to normal controls these areas were not activated in concert. Furthermore the left insula was never activated. We propose that the defective phonological system of these dyslexics is due to weak connectivity between anterior and posterior language areas. This could be due to a dysfunctional left insula which may normally act as an anatomical bridge between Broca's area, superior temporal and inferior parietal cortex. The independent activation of the posterior and anterior speech areas in dyslexics supports the notion that representations of unsegmented and segmented phonology are functionally and anatomically separate.
Maraviroc as Intensification Strategy in HIV-1 Positive Patients with Deficient Immunological Response: an Italian Randomized Clinical Trial (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00884858 http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00884858.
Effect of keyholes on the symbol error rate of space-time block codes (2003)

In multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading environments, degenerate channel phenomena, so-called keyholes or pinholes, may exist under realistic assumptions where a MIMO channel has uncorrelated spatial fading between antenna arrays but a rank-deficient transfer matrix. In this letter, we analyze the average symbol error rate (SER) of orthogonal space-time block codes (STBCs) with M-PSK and M-QAM constellations over keyhole channels.
Fabrication of Composite Films by Controlling Molecular Doping Processes between Polyaniline and Soluble Multiwalled Nanotubes and Their Optical Characteristics (2003)

An efficient approach to composite film fabrication that involves the control of doping processes between soluble multiwalled nanotubes (s-MWNTs) and polyaniline (PAN) molecules has been developed in this work. The s-MWNTs were prepared by introducing carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid groups to the surfaces of nanotubes. The s-MWNT was used as a dopant to react with the imine nitrogens of emeraldine PAN via the protonation doping process in a layer-by-layer manner. The resultant composite films on the quartz substrates were characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron micrograph and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that s-MWNTs were doped into polyaniline layers, which caused changes in the composite film characteristics such as electrical properties, spectroscopic features and morphology. Unlike the already-used layer-by-layer process based on electrostatic attraction, our process is based on the acid-base reaction between emeraldine and s-MWNT. Owing to the protonation doping, the bond between the carboxyl group and the imine nitrogen group becomes covalent, which enhances the stability of the film.
Sodium Caprate Transiently Opens Claudin-5-Containing Barriers at Tight Junctions of Epithelial and Endothelial Cells (2012)

Claudin-5 is a tight junction (TJ) protein which limits the diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules. Thus, it represents a potential pharmacological target to improve drug delivery to the tissues protected by claudin-5-dependent barriers. Sodium caprate is known as an absorption enhancer which opens the paracellular space acting on TJ proteins and actin cytoskeleton. Its action on claudin-5 is not understood so far. Epithelial and endothelial systems were used to evaluate the effect of caprate on claudin-5 in TJ-free cells and on claudin-5 fully integrated in TJ. To this aim, confocal microscopy on live and fixed cells and isolated mouse brain capillaries, Western blotting and permeability assays were employed. Caprate reversibly reduced claudin-5 trans-interactions in TJ-free human embryonic kidney-293 cells expressing claudin-5-YFP. It decreased the membranous claudin-5 and the F-actin content in Madin-Darby canine kidney-II cells expressing Flag-claudin-5, thereby increasing the permeability to the small molecule lucifer yellow. Interestingly, zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), which links transmembranous TJ proteins to the actin cytoskeleton, was not affected by caprate treatment. Similarly, endogenous claudin-5 in the membrane of brain endothelia was displaced together with F-actin, whereas ZO-1 remained unaffected. Caprate transiently opens the paracellular space, reducing the intercellular claudin-5/claudin-5 interactions and the polymerized actin at the perijunctional region of endothelial and epithelial cells. In conclusion, the study further elucidates the cellular effects of caprate at the tight junctions.
Modem Gain-Cell Memories in Advanced Technologies (2018)

With the advent of the slowdown in DRAM capacitor scaling [1] and the increased reliability problems of traditional 6T SRAM memories [2], industry and academia have looked for alternative memory cells. Among those, gain-cells have attracted significant attention due to their smaller size (compared to SRAM) and non-destructive read operation (compared to DRAM) as well as considerable low power and reasonable robustness. This paper first summarizes the available evidences of SRAM and eDRAM in commercial and test chips. Then, it analyzes the performance, reliability and scaling of eDRAM gain-cells in 10 and 7 nm FinFET technology; as well as above and below V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> (i.e. sub-threshold).
The <i>F</i> <i>rancisella</i> O-antigen mediates survival in the macrophage cytosol via autophagy avoidance (2013)

Autophagy is a key innate immune response to intracellular parasites that promotes their delivery to degradative lysosomes following detection in the cytosol or within damaged vacuoles. Like Listeria and Shigella, which use specific mechanisms to avoid autophagic detection and capture, the bacterial pathogen Francisella tularensis proliferates within the cytosol of macrophages without demonstrable control by autophagy. To examine how Francisella evades autophagy, we screened a library of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis Schu S4 HimarFT transposon mutants in GFP-LC3-expressing murine macrophages by microscopy for clones localized within autophagic vacuoles after phagosomal escape. Eleven clones showed autophagic capture at 6 h post-infection, whose HimarFT insertions clustered to fourgenetic loci involved in lipopolysaccharidic and capsular O-antigen biosynthesis. Consistent with the HimarFT mutants, in-frame deletion mutants of two representative loci, FTT1236 and FTT1448c (manC), lacking both LPS and capsular O-antigen, underwent phagosomal escape but were cleared from the host cytosol. Unlike wild-type Francisella, the O-antigen deletion mutants were ubiquitinated, and recruited the autophagy adaptor p62/SQSTM1 and LC3 prior to cytosolic clearance. Autophagy-deficient macrophages partially supported replication of both mutants, indicating that O-antigen-lacking Francisella are controlled by autophagy. These data demonstrate the intracellular protective role of this bacterial surface polysaccharide against autophagy.
Triazines. XXII. Fluoro-s-triazines (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriazines. XXII. Fluoro-s-triazinesEhrenfried Kober and Christoph GrundmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 14, 3769–3770Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01523a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01523a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The interleukin 2 CD28-responsive complex contains at least three members of the NF kappa B family: c-Rel, p50, and p65. (1993)

Optimal activation of T cells requires at least two signals. One signal can be delivered by the antigen-specific T-cell receptor, and the second signal is provided by the costimulatory molecule(s) delivered by the antigen-presenting cell. CD28 is a T-cell surface molecule and stimulation through this protein plays an important role in delivering the second activation signal. In this report, we show that in human peripheral blood T cells, CD28-mediated signal transduction involves the rel family proteins--c-Rel, p50, and p65. Treatment of peripheral blood T cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody (mAb) results in augmentation of nuclear c-Rel, p50, and p65, and this augmentation can occur in the presence of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A. It is also shown in this report that, in response to PMA/anti-CD28 mAb or anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAb, c-Rel, p50, and p65 are associated with CD28-responsive element present in the promoter of the human interleukin 2 gene. The functional significance of c-Rel involvement in the CD28-responsive complex is demonstrated by transient transfection analysis, where cotransfection of c-Rel augments the level of expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene linked to the CD28-responsive element.
Structure-activity correlations for a series of antiallergy agents. 3. Development of quantitative model (1983)

A nonlinear regression model has been employed to investigate the activity of a series of 51 drugs in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assay. Although several classes of molecules are represented in the sample, there are certain common structural features that enable detailed geometric and electronic comparisons to be made. Ab initio Hartree-Fock SCF calculations were performed by using the molecular fragment approach to characterize the electronic structure and preferred conformations of the molecules. The statistical results establish the importance of nine structural factors in determining the potency as inhibitors of histamine release. Both the conformation of a drug and its capacity to act effectively as an electron acceptor in charge-transfer interactions are shown to be critical for high activity.
Viscosity of β-D-Glucan as a Factor in the Enzymatic Improvement of Barley for Chicks (1983)

Cotton cellulose (0 to 6%) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (0 to 3%) were added to corn and barley basal diets for chicks. Growth to 3 weeks of age was not significantly depressed by cotton cellulose in the corn basal diet, but growth was reduced by cotton cellulose in the barley diet. Hydroxyethyl cellulose reduced growth in both corn and barley diets. Trichoderma reesei cellulase alleviated growth depression by hydroxyethyl cellulose. Granite grit was included in barley feed at up to 4% of the diet without altering growth. Granite grit apparently promoted the release of β-D-glucan from barley endosperm. β-D-Glucan was isolated from intestinal contents of chicks fed a barley diet. The preparation was assayed for glucose content by high-performance chromatography and the polymer structure was confirmed by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. Reducing sugar analysis of β-D-glucan indicated a molecular weight of about 47,000. The polymer was also assayed by gel filtration to confirm the polymer size. Cellulase activity of a T. reesei preparation was assayed on the β-D-glucan isolate. Based on this assay the growth improvement of chicks fed enzyme-supplemented barley diets could not be due to improved glucose availability from β-D-glucan.