gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attenuation correction using count-limited transmission data in positron emission tomography. (1993)

Poisson noise in transmission data can have a significant influence on the statistical uncertainty of PET measurements, particularly at low transmission count rates. In this paper, we investigate the effect of transmission data processing on noise and quantitative accuracy of reconstructed PET images. Differences in spatial resolution between emission and transmission measurements due to transmission data smoothing are shown to have a significant influence on quantitative accuracy and can lead to artifacts in the reconstructed image. In addition, the noise suppression of this technique is insufficient to greatly reduce transmission scan times. Based on these findings, improved strategies for processing count-limited transmission data have been developed, including a method using segmentation of attenuation images. Using this method, accurate attenuation correction can be performed using transmission scan times as low as 2 min without increasing noise in reconstructed PET images.
AN INFECTIOUS OPHTHALMIA OF CATTLE (1923)

Twenty-four cases of an acute ophthalmia of cattle have been observed. The infection is characterized by photophobia, severe congestion of the vessels of the eyeball, conjunctivitis, congestion and edema of the membrana nictitans, edema of the eyelids, accompanied by a thick, yellowish white mucus or mucopurulent exudate. In certain cases corneal ulcers and extensive corneal opacities developed. From all cases a characteristic diplobacillus was obtained. The organism was usually observed in the exudate in large numbers. The morphology, the hemolytic properties, and the proteolytic activities readily assist in its identification. Instillation of a few drops of bouillon suspensions of pure cultures beneath the eyelids of normal cattle gave rise to characteristic inflammations. The organism is not pathogenic for laboratory animals.
Code-Division Multiple Transmission for High-Speed UWB Radar Imaging With an Antenna Array (2009)

The ultrawideband (UWB) radar is a promising high-resolution 3-D imaging technique for near targets. We have developed a high-speed imaging algorithm, SEABED, for a UWB pulse radar, a key real-time imaging technology. When the algorithm is applied to UWB, antenna scanning for data acquisition takes significantly longer than calculating the SEABED algorithm itself. This presents a serious problem for the real-time application of UWB radar. In this paper, we use pseudonoise (PN) sequences as the transmitting waveforms, while the original work on the SEABED algorithm assumed impulsive short-wave pulses. Using PN sequences enables us to simultaneously transmit signals with multiple antennas, eliminating the need to scan antennas. We demonstrate that the proposed radar system works well using random sequences to suppress direct waves, which is critical in achieving high speeds for imaging.
Theoretical and Experimental Approaches to the Carbonization of Coal and Coal Blends (1982)

Mechanisms of carbonization of fluid systems from pitches and coals of different origin and rank to form anisotropic cokes are discussed. The concept of nematic liquid crystals and mesophase is introduced. The origins of optical texture in cokes and the chemical and physical factors which control the size and shape of optical texture are explained. The significance of optical texture in metallurgical cokes is analysed in terms of coke strength and chemical reactivity. Laboratory experimental approaches include control over carbonization procedures, the examination of polished surfaces of resultant cokes by optical microscopy, the use of scanning electron microscopy to monitor changes induced by thermal treatment and gasification of cokes, as well as point-counting of optical texture and the use of microstrength testing procedures. Modern technological approaches to the successful use of coals of several ranks to make metallurgical coke include blending of coals sometimes with pitch additions. The resultant enhancement
MMP‐13 and TIMP‐1 determinations in progressive chronic periodontitis (2007)

Chronic periodontitis is characterized by increased MMP-13 expression. During disease progression, active sites tended to decrease TIMP-1 levels in association with MMP-13 elevation.
Atomic-Scale Origins of Friction (1996)

The fundamental origins of friction, an important physical phenomenon in light of both its everyday familiarity and its enormous economic impact, have been discussed and debated for at least 300 years, with very little resolved. Recent experimental investigations at atomic length and/or time scales are shedding new light on the manner in which mechanical energy is converted to thermal energy, i.e., heat.
Integrated-optic sensors using grating components (1986)

Grating components have great potentiality in constructing integrated-optic sensors, since a grating can convert an input wavefront to the required one. It is possible to let a grating component have many functions simultaneously, so that the sensing operation can be achieved by integrating a few kinds of grating components. The grating optics can be fabricated by the planar process and be integrated with photodiodes on a Si substrate. This paper describes the design and fabrication of the gratings for the construction of integrated-optic sensors in the thin-film waveguide on a Si substrate.
An extremely polymorphic locus on the short arm of the human X chromosome with homology to the long arm of the Y chromosome (1989)

A genomic DNA clone named CRI-S232 reveals an array of highly polymorphic restriction fragments on the X chromosome as well as a set of non-polymorphic fragments on the Y chromosome. Every individual has multiple bands, highly variable in length, in every restriction enzyme digest tested. One set of bands is found in all males, and co-segregates with the Y chromosome in families. These sequences have been regionally localized by deletion mapping to the long arm of the Y chromosome. Segregation analysis in families shows that all of the remaining fragments co-segregate as a single locus on the X chromosome, each haplotype consisting of three or more polymorphic fragments. This locus (designated DXS278) is linked to several markers on Xp, the closest being dic56 (DXS143) at a distance of 2 cM. Although it is outside the pseudoautosomal region, the S232 X chromosome locus shows linkage to pseudoautosomal markers in female meiosis. In determining the X chromosome S232 haplotypes of 138 offspring among 19 families, we observed three non-parental haplotypes. Two were recombinant haplotypes, consistent with a cross-over among the S232-hybridizing fragments in maternal meiosis. The third was a mutant haplotype arising on a paternal X chromosome. The locus identified by CRI-S232 may therefore be a recombination and mutation hotspot.
A multi-disciplinary perspective on emergent and future innovations in peer review [version 1; referees: 2 approved with reservations] (2017)

Peer review of research articles is a core part of our scholarly communication system. In spite of its importance, the status and purpose of peer review is often contested. What is its role in our modern digital research and communications infrastructure? Does it perform to the high standards with which it is generally regarded? Studies of peer review have shown that it is prone to bias and abuse in numerous dimensions, frequently unreliable, and can fail to detect even fraudulent research. With the advent of Web technologies, we are now witnessing a phase of innovation and experimentation in our approaches to peer review. These developments prompted us to examine emerging models of peer review from a range of disciplines and venues, and to ask how they might address some of the issues with our current systems of peer review. We examine the functionality of a range of social Web platforms, and compare these with the traits underlying a viable peer review system: quality control, quantified performance metrics as engagement incentives, and certification and reputation. Ideally, any new systems will demonstrate that they out-perform current models while avoiding as many of the biases of existing systems as possible. We conclude that there is considerable scope for new peer review initiatives to be developed, each with their own potential issues and advantages. We also propose a novel hybrid platform model that, at least partially, resolves many of the technical and social issues associated with peer review, and can potentially disrupt the entire scholarly communication system. Success for any such development relies on reaching a critical threshold of research community engagement with both the process and the platform, and therefore cannot be achieved without a significant change of incentives in research environments.
McCarthyism - The Impact on Europe (1953)

McCarthyism, or the policy of American Senator McCarthy to carry out a witch-hunt of alleged Communists in America, and its impact on European countries is discussed. It is believed that the American attitude is leading to contempt and a situation of isolation for the nation among the Western European countries.
Port Optimization of a Voorhees Modified CO2 Compressor Using Indicator Diagram Analysis (2006)

The economizer principle is a well -known method to reduce the expansion losses of a refrigeration system. The alternative refrigerant CO 2 has a relatively large isentropic exponent. There fore it has a high potential for ra ising efficiency by application of this principle. Reciprocating piston compressors are favored for CO 2 refrigeration applications due to their small sealing length and therefore low internal leakage rate. The economizer principle can be applied to reciprocating compressors by use of the “multiple effect” principle patented by Voorhees in 1905. This paper investigates the influence of the admission port design on the admission process. The admission port is one of the mai n compressor modifications to realize the “multiple effect” principle. Its design has a large impact on the system efficiency and therefore needs to be optimized. For this purpose, an optimization process has been established. It is based on indicator diag ram analysis. To exemplify, the measurements of three admission ports were compared at constant suction pressure (1.2 MPa) and varying admission pressure (1,4 MPa – 2,6 MPa).
Measurement of optic disc parameters on digital fundus photographs: algorithm development and evaluation (2008)

The algorithm described in the current study provided clinically relevant measurements of optic disc parameters. The final program can be used directly on the acquired images, with the examined subject still available for re-examination.
[Radiodiagnosis of pathologic processes of the stomach using EDP as a diagnostic aid]. (1983)

The use of EDP makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the radiodiagnostics of the stomach. The retrospective study is based on 540 X-ray examinations of benign and malignant processes of the stomach which had been diagnosed histologically. It can be proved by means of examination findings that the use of the multivariate discriminatory analysis allows a reliable analysis of the manifold interrelations between the various classes of diagnosis on the one hand and diagnostically usable sign patterns on the other hand so that, in the majority of the classes of diagnosis, the degree to which the diagnostic information issued will increase in comparison to the empirically established radiodiagnoses. The reclassification resulted in the following correct assignments to the various classes: ulcus ventriculi, benign 87 per cent; ulcus ventriculi, malignant - 78 per cent; exulcerated carcinoma - 82 per cent; polyp, benign - 85 per cent; polyp, malignant - 75 per cent; polypoid carcinoma - 91 per cent; stenosis, benign - 85 per cent; stenosis, malignant - 79 per cent; infiltrating carcinoma - 63 per cent. Preconditions for the practical application of EDP in the radiodiagnostics of the stomach are an examination technique and method which exhaust all the available technical possibilities, and an exact interpretation of the radiographic signs.
A Live Imaging Cell Motility Screen Identifies Prostaglandin E2 as a T Cell Stop Signal Antagonist (2011)

The T cell migration stop signal is a central step in T cell activation and inflammation; however, its regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using a live-cell, imaging-based, high-throughput screen, we identified the PG, PGE(2), as a T cell stop signal antagonist. Src kinase inhibitors, microtubule inhibitors, and PGE(2) prevented the T cell stop signal, and impaired T cell-APC conjugation and T cell proliferation induced by primary human allogeneic dendritic cells. However, Src inhibition, but not PGE(2) or microtubule inhibition, impaired TCR-induced ZAP-70 signaling, demonstrating that T cell stop signal antagonists can function either upstream or downstream of proximal TCR signaling. Moreover, we found that PGE(2) abrogated TCR-induced activation of the small GTPase Rap1, suggesting that PGE(2) may modulate T cell adhesion and stopping through Rap1. These results identify a novel role for PGs in preventing T cell stop signals and limiting T cell activation induced by dendritic cells.
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete as an Intrinsically Smart Concrete for Damage Assessment during Static and Dynamic Loading (1996)

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Geometric Properties of the Icosahedral-Hexagonal Grid on the Two-Sphere (2011)

An icosahedral-hexagonal grid on the two-sphere is created by dividing the faces of an icosahedron and projecting the vertices onto the sphere. This grid and its Voronoi tessellation have several desirable features for numerical simulations of physical processes on the sphere. While several methods to construct the icosahedral grid mesh have been proposed over the past decades, and empirical data have been collected to understand and help improve the grid, rarely have analytical analyses been done to investigate the basic geometric properties of the grid. In this paper, we present an analytical analysis of several geometric properties of the icosahedral grids based on two basic constructions: recursive and nonrecursive construction. We point out that these geometric properties can be improved with modified construction procedures. We demonstrate how these improvements impact the numerical integration of PDEs over the sphere.
An order‐based algorithm for implementing multiparty synchronization (2004)

Abstract Multiparty interactions are a powerful mechanism for coordinating several entities that need to cooperate in order to achieve a common goal. In this paper, we present an algorithm for implementing them that improves on previous results in that it does not require the whole set of entities or interactions to be known at compile‐ or run‐time, and it can deal with both terminating and non‐terminating systems. We also present a comprehensive simulation analysis that shows how sensitive to changes our algorithm is, and compare the results with well‐known proposals by other authors. This study proves that our algorithm still performs comparably to other proposals in which the set of entities and interactions is known beforehand, but outperforms them in some situations that are clearly identified. In addition, these results prove that our algorithm can be combined with a technique called synchrony loosening without having an effect on efficiency. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
T CELL DEPLETION WITH ANTI-CD5 IMMUNOTOXIN IN HISTOCOMPATIBLE BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (1990)

Twenty-nine patients with advanced leukemias (median age 34 years) received histocompatible sibling marrow that had been depleted of T cells by ex vivo incubation with anti-CD5 monoclonal antibody-ricin immunotoxin (T101-R) for the purpose of graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Donor cell engraftment was documented in 28/29 patients by DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms. In this pilot study the dose of T101-R incubated with donor marrow was increased in a stepwise manner from 300 ng (10 patients) to 600 ng (5 patients) to 1000 ng immunotoxin (IT)/10(7) bone marrow mononuclear cells (14 patients) in an attempt to achieve more effective GvHD prophylaxis. A statistically significant reduction in acute GvHD was achieved for patients receiving marrow pretreated with 1000 ng of immunotoxin (34%) compared to recipients of BM treated with 300 ng immunotoxin (100%, P = 0.0004). T-depleted marrow samples were evaluated for residual T cell activity using several in vitro assays including proliferation to the purified mitogen PHA (HA-17) and in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), T cell cytotoxicity, a limiting dilution assay for detecting precursors of proliferating T cells (LDApPTL), and phenotypic analysis of viable T cells expanded in 16-day culture with interleukin 2. The extent of T cell depletion determined by LDA assay varied widely at each immunotoxin concentration used. Thus, there was no correlation between the dose of T cells infused and subsequent GvHD. Phenotyping of lymphocytes recovered from immunotoxin-treated marrow demonstrated that residual T cells were CD5 negative in all cases tested. The only in vitro parameter that predicted subsequent acute or chronic GvHD was the demonstration of viable CD5 negative lymphocytes with T cell phenotype (CD2, CD3, and/or CD7 positive) after 16-day culture with IL-2 of the T-depleted bone marrow. We observed that such CD5 negative cells expressing other T cell markers have cytotoxic function and speculate that these cells may be capable of mediating GvHD in allogeneic transplantation.
Once for All: A Two-Flow Convolutional Neural Network for Visual Tracking (2017)

The main challenges of visual object tracking arise from the arbitrary appearance of the objects that need to be tracked. Most existing algorithms try to solve this problem by training a new model to regenerate or classify each tracked object. As a result, the model needs to be initialized and retrained for each new object. In this paper, we propose to track different objects in an object-independent approach with a novel two-flow convolutional neural network (YCNN). The YCNN takes two inputs (one is an object image patch, the other is a larger searching image patch), then outputs a response map which predicts how likely and where the object would appear in the search patch. Unlike the object-specific approaches, the YCNN is actually trained to measure the similarity between the two image patches. Thus, this model will not be limited to any specific object. Furthermore, the network is end-to-end trained to extract both shallow and deep dedicated convolutional features for visual tracking. And once properly trained, the YCNN can be used to track all kinds of objects without further training and updating. As a result, our algorithm is able to run at a very high speed of 45 frames-per-second. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm can also be proved by the experiments on two popular data sets: OTB-100 and VOT-2014.
Protein Kinase C (PKC) Phosphorylation of the Ca2+-sensing Receptor (CaR) Modulates Functional Interaction of G Proteins with the CaR Cytoplasmic Tail (2002)

The extracellular calcium (Ca(2+)(o))-sensing receptor (CaR) activates Ca(2+) influx independent of the release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. The latter can be negatively regulated by protein kinase C (PKC) through phosphorylation of Thr-888 of the CaR. In this study, we substituted Thr-888 with various amino acid residues or a stop codon to understand how PKC phosphorylation of the CaR inhibits receptor-mediated release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Substitutions of Thr-888 with hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acid residues had various effects on CaR-mediated release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores as well as activation of Ca(2+) influx. Several point mutations, such as T888D, had marked negative effects on CaR-mediated release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores but not on phorbol myristate acetate-insensitive activation of Ca(2+) influx. Presumably, the negatively charged aspartate mimics phospho-threonine. Interestingly, truncating the receptor at 888 had an even more pronounced negative effect on CaR-elicited release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores without significantly affecting CaR-mediated activation of Ca(2+) influx. Therefore, truncation at position 888 of the CaR affects the activity of the receptor in a manner that resembles PKC phosphorylation of the CaR. This in turn suggests that PKC phosphorylation of the CaR prevents G protein subtypes from interacting with the region of the receptor critical for releasing Ca(2+) stores, which is missing in the truncated receptor.
Metabolites of the prototype insecticide (2E,4E)-N-isobutyl-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienamide. 1. Synthesis, chromatography, spectroscopy, and biological activity (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetabolites of the prototype insecticide (2E,4E)-N-isobutyl-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienamide. 1. Synthesis, chromatography, spectroscopy, and biological activityMark A. Horsham, Thomas J. Class, John J. Johnston, and John E. CasidaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 3, 777–781Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00087a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Translation as negotiation : a musical perspective (2010)

Discource on translation studies is situated in this article outside studies. Contextualising and problematising issues when music from African choir culture is translated for non-Africans (Westerners) to perform, the main problem - translation as negotiation - is explored together with notions of hybridity, the 'third space' boundaries, identity, authencity and cultural compatibility within performance contexts.\n\nCultural studies bring to linguistics a wider perspective of translation; how translation studies relate to other disciplines and expressive forms, like music. The researchers argue that translation of African choir music for perfomance by non-Africans can only be achieved in cultural dialogue.