gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress in research of viral codon usage (2003)

Most of researches on the codon usage focused on th e autotrophic organisms ,not paratrophic ones,like virus-es.Recent data sho wed that the codon usage of viral genes does not completely match with their hos ts.It indicated that codon usage plays an important role in the interaction be tween viruses and their hosts.Here we focused on the characters of viral codon usage,factors which influencing the viral codon usage,codon usage characters of some typical virus and research methods on codon usage.
Optimum conditions for selective isolation of genes from complex genomes by transformation-associated recombination cloning (2003)

Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning in yeast is used to isolate a desired chromosomal region or gene from a complex genome without construction of a genomic library. The technique involves homologous recombination during yeast spheroplast transformation between genomic DNA and a TAR vector containing short 5' and 3' gene-specific targeting hooks. Efficient gene capture requires a high yield of transformants, and we demonstrate here that the transformant yield increases approximately 10-fold when the genomic DNA is sheared to 100-200 kb before being presented to the spheroplasts. Here we determine the most effective concentration of genomic DNA, and also show that the targeted sequences recombine much more efficiently with the vector's targeting hooks when they are located at the ends of the genomic DNA fragment. We demonstrate that the yield of gene-positive clones increases approximately 20-fold after endonuclease digestion of genomic DNA, which caused double strand breaks near the targeted sequences. These findings have led to a greatly improved protocol.
Joint disease caused by defective gp130-mediated STAT signaling (2002)

IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine produced by lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells; it regulates immune responses, acute-phase reactions, and inflammation. IL-6 signaling is mediated exclusively by the common signal-transducing component gp130, which is also essential for signal transduction of other cytokines of the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)/IL-6 family. M Ernst and colleagues generated and studied knock-in mice (gp130DeltaSTAT/DeltaSTAT), in which all STAT-binding sites (sites binding signal transducers and activators of transcription) were deleted from their gene encoding gp130 but binding sites for both Janus kinases (JAKs) and for the protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) were preserved. They found that this mutant mouse displayed a blastocyst implantation defect, gastrointestinal ulceration, and, interestingly, severe joint disease with representative features of rheumatoid arthritis. Synovial cells from this mouse exhibited mitogenic hyper-responsiveness to cytokines of the LIF/IL-6 family, a phenomenon that was caused by sustained gp130-mediated SHP-2/Ras/Erk activation due to a defect in the induction of SOCS-1 (suppressor of cytokine signaling-1; also known as SSI or JAB). This suppressor, induced by STAT signaling, regulates cytokine signaling. It is, therefore, conceivable that the disturbance of the balanced activation between the STAT and SHP-2/Ras/Erk signal pathways causes the joint disease in the gp130DeltaSTAT/DeltaSTAT mouse. These findings may be beneficial in the elucidation of the cause and the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in humans.
Hybrid additive manufacturing of 3D electronic systems (2016)

A novel hybrid additive manufacturing (AM) technology combining digital light projection (DLP) stereolithography (SL) with 3D micro-dispensing alongside conventional surface mount packaging is presented in this work. This technology overcomes the inherent limitations of individual AM processes and integrates seamlessly with conventional packaging processes to enable the deposition of multiple materials. This facilitates the creation of bespoke enduse products with complex 3D geometry and multi-layer embedded electronic systems. Through a combination of four-point probe measurement and non-contact focus variation microscopy, it was identified that there was no obvious adverse effect of DLP SL embedding process on the electrical conductivity of printed conductors. The resistivity maintained to be less than 4 10 -4 cm before and after DLP SL embedding when cured at 100 C for 1 h. The mechanical strength of SL specimens with thick polymerized layers was also identified through tensile testing. It was found that the polymerization thickness should be minimised (less than 2 mm) to maximise the bonding strength. As a demonstrator a polymer pyramid with embedded triple-layer 555 LED blinking circuitry was successfully fabricated to prove the technical viability.
The effect of aggregated search coherence on search behavior (2012)

Aggregated search is the task of blending results from different specialized search services, or verticals, into the web search results. Aggregated search coherence refers to the degree to which results from different systems focus on similar senses of the query. While cross-component coherence has been cited as an important criterion for whole-page evaluation, its effect on search behavior has not been deeply investigated in prior research. In this work, we focus on the coherence between two aggregated search components: images and web results. In particular, we investigate whether the query-senses associated with the blended image results can influence user interaction with the web results. For example, if a user wants web results about "jaguar" the animal, are they more likely to examine the web results if the image results contain pictures of the animal instead of pictures of the car? Based on two large user studies, our results show that the image results can systematically affect user interaction with the web results. If the web results are largely consistent with the search task, then the effect of the image results is small. However, if the web results are only marginally consistent with the search task, such as when they are highly diversified across query-senses, the image results have a significant effect on user interaction with the web results. Our findings have implications on current research in whole-page evaluation, aggregated search, and diversity ranking.
Covariance analysis of strapdown INS considering gyrocompass characteristics (1995)

Presented in this paper is a complete error covariance analysis for strapdown inertial navigation system (SDINS). We have found that in SDINS the cross-coupling terms in gyrocompass alignment errors can significantly influence the SDINS error propagation. Initial heading error has a close correlation with the east component of gyro bias error, while initial level tilt errors are closely related to accelerometer bias errors. In addition, pseudostate variables are introduced in covariance analysis for SDINS utilizing the characteristics of gyrocompass alignment errors. This approach simplifies the covariance analysis because it makes the initial error covariance matrix to a diagonal form. Thus a real implementation becomes easier. The approach is conformed by comparing the results for a simplified case with the covariance analysis obtained from the conventional SDINS error model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reaction path synthesis strategies (1973)

Abstract A system is offered for the mathematical representation of the functional and structural features of organic molecules and their reactions. Two basic synthesis strategies, an antithetic method anda synthetic method, are defined and compared. The use of heuristic information in guiding synthesis is evaluated. A synthetic method which uses dynamic programming is presented and applied to the synthesis of bihelical DNA. Possible extensions to other classes of compounds are presented.
The Preparation of Some 4-Aminoquinolines<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Some 4-Aminoquinolines1Byron Riegel, Gerald R. Lappin, Charles J. Albisetti Jr., Bernard H. Adelson, R. M. Dodson, Leonard G. Ginger, and Robert H. BakerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 7, 1229–1232Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01211a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01211a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advanced hodgkin disease with large mediastinal involvement can be treated with eight cycles of chemotherapy alone after a major response to six cycles of chemotherapy (2001)

For patients with large mediastinal mass and advanced HD who achieved a major response of at least 75% after 6 cycles of chemotherapy, a consolidation radiation therapy can be replaced by 2 additional cycles of chemotherapy.
Analysis, stability, and optimization of slotted ALOHA with a finite number of buffered users (1981)

This paper analyzes the slotted ALOHA multiple access scheme for satellite channels with a finite number of users, each having a buffer of infinite capacity. The basic contribution of the paper is the introduction of an improved 2-Markov chain model that permits analysis of this heretofore unsolved problem. Finding an optimal value for the retransmission probability, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> that minimizes the total average packet delay and at the same time ensures stability is also discussed.
Metabolic heterogeneity of eosinophils from normal and hypereosinophilic patients (1981)

Eosinophils, which may be associated with allergic, parasitic, or neoplastic disease, have a potent oxidative burst that may be activated by particulate or soluble stimuli. Eosinophils from normal persons and patients with hypereosinophilia were compared with respect to their ability to produce the active oxygen product, superoxide anion. Normal eosinophils produced large amounts of superoxide anion under resting conditions (0.53 +/- 0.15 nmoles cyto-c/10(5) eos/hr) and when stimulated by preopsonized zymosan (0.85 +/0 1.10 nmoles cyto-c/10(5) eos/hr) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (2.38 +/- 0.46 nmoles cyto- c/10(5) eos/hr). Considerable variation was observed in superoxide production by eosinophils from patients with hypereosinophilia. Eosinophils from a group of four patients with hypereosinophilia associated with neoplastic disease produced less superoxide anion than normal eosinophils when stimulated by preopsonized zymosan or PMA (p less than or equal to 0.05). Eosinophils from a group of 5 patients with other causes of hypereosinophilia produced more superoxide anion than normal eosinophils when stimulated by PMA (p less than or equal to 0.01). These studies demonstrate metabolic heterogeneity of eosinophils from patients with hypereosinophilia, and further emphasize that normal eosinophils and eosinophils from hypereosinophilic patients are not functionally equivalent.
Identification and analysis of three myristylated vaccinia virus late proteins (1997)

Previous studies have shown that at least three vaccinia virus (VV) late proteins (with apparent molecular asses of 37, 35, and 25 kDa) label with myristic acid. Time course labeling of VV-infected cells with [3H]myristic acid reveals at least three additional putative myristylproteins, with apparent molecular masses of 92, 17, and 14 kDa. The 25-kDa protein has previously been identified as that encoded by the L1R open reading frame, leaving the identities of the remaining proteins to be determined. Sequence analysis led to the preliminary identification of the 37-, 35-, and 17-kDa proteins as G9R, A16L, and E7R, respectively. Using synthetic oligonucleotides and PCR techniques, each of these open reading frames was amplified by using VV DNA as a template and then cloned individually into expression vectors behind T7 promoters. These plasmid constructs were then transcribed in vitro, and the resulting mRNAs were translated in wheat germ extracts and radiolabeled with either [35S]methionine or [3H]myristic acid. Each wild-type polypeptide was labeled with [35S]methionine or [3H]myristic acid in the translation reactions, while mutants containing an alanine in place of glycine at the N terminus were labeled only with [35S]methionine, not with myristic acid. This result provided strong evidence that the open reading frames had been correctly identified and that each protein is myristylated on a glycine residue adjacent to the initiating methionine. Subcellular fractionations of VV-infected cells suggested that A16L and E7R are soluble, in contrast to L1R, which is a membrane-associated protein.
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds (Revised 1985) (1985)

Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, Technical Release 55, was first issued by the Soil Conservation Service in January 1975. It is a guide for SCS field personnel for estimating hydraulic and hydrologic parameters used in computing runoff volumes and peak rates of discharge in urban and urbanizing areas. SCS has revised TR-55 to incorporate results of recent research and other changes based on experience in using and helping others use the original edition. Changes and additions have been made throughout the document; only the major ones are covered in this paper.
The role of context in question answering systems (2003)

Despite recent advances in natural language question an-swering technology, the problem of designing effective user interfaces has been largely unexplored. We conducted a user study to investigate the problem and discovered that overall, users prefer a paragraph-sized chunk of text over just an exact phrase as the answer to their questions. Fur-thermore, users generally prefer answers embedded in con-text, regardless of the perceived reliability of the source documents. When users research a topic, increasing the amount of text returned to users significantly decreases the number of queries that they pose to the system, suggesting that users utilize supporting text to answer related ques-tions. We believe that these results can serve to guide future developments in question answering user interfaces.
Some effects of Ledermix® paste and Pulpdent® paste on mouse fibroblasts and on bacteria <i>in vitro</i> (1989)

Dilutions of Ledermix paste, Pulpdent paste and a mixture of equal parts by weight of Ledermix paste and Pulpdent paste were added to in vitro cultures of mouse fibroblasts or bacteria for 24 h, and various cell functions were then examined: mitosis in and survival of fibroblasts, and survival of Lactobacillus casei or Streptococcus mutans. Ledermix was found to reversibly inhibit mitosis while present in the concentrations range 10(-3) to 10(-6) mg/ml. Mixing with Pulpdent did not modify this antimitotic effect. Ledermix killed mouse fibroblasts at 10(-3) mg/ml and above, while Pulpdent killed at 1 mg/ml and above. The toxic effect of Ledermix was slightly inhibited by mixing it with Pulpdent. Ledermix killed S. mutans at about the same concentration at which it killed the mammalian cells, but required a one thousand-fold greater concentration to kill L. casei. Pulpdent killed both L. casei and S. mutans at approximately one-fifth of the concentration at which it killed the mammalian cells. Pulpdent slightly potentiated the antibacterial effect of Ledermix. The pH of Pulpdent was reduced by approximately 0.3 units by mixing with Ledermix. The present data showed that the 50:50 mix of Ledermix and Pulpdent retained the properties examined that are thought to be of therapeutic benefit, while not increasing the toxicity of the component parts to mammalian cells.
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6 caused by mutations in <i>RARS2</i>: definition of the clinical spectrum and molecular findings in five patients (2012)

Recessive mutations in the mitochondrial arginyl-transfer RNA synthetase (RARS2) gene have been associated with early onset encephalopathy with signs of oxidative phosphorylation defects classified as pontocerebellar hypoplasia 6. We describe clinical, neuroimaging and molecular features on five patients from three unrelated families who displayed mutations in RARS2. All patients rapidly developed a neonatal or early-infantile epileptic encephalopathy with intractable seizures. The long-term follow-up revealed a virtual absence of psychomotor development, progressive microcephaly, and feeding difficulties. Mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes in muscle and fibroblasts were normal in two. Blood and CSF lactate was abnormally elevated in all five patients at early stages while appearing only occasionally abnormal with the progression of the disease. Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia with normal aspect of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres appeared within the first months of life at brain MRI. In three patients follow-up neuroimaging revealed a progressive pontocerebellar and cerebral cortical atrophy. Molecular investigations of RARS2 disclosed the c.25A>G/p.I9V and the c.1586+3A>T in family A, the c.734G>A/p.R245Q and the c.1406G>A/p.R469H in family B, and the c.721T>A/p.W241R and c.35A>G/p.Q12R in family C. Functional complementation studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that mutation MSR1-R531H (equivalent to human p.R469H) abolished respiration whereas the MSR1-R306Q strain (corresponding to p.R245Q) displayed a reduced growth on non-fermentable YPG medium. Although mutations functionally disrupted yeast we found a relatively well preserved arginine aminoacylation of mitochondrial tRNA. Clinical and neuroimaging findings are important clues to raise suspicion and to reach diagnostic accuracy for RARS2 mutations considering that biochemical abnormalities may be absent in muscle biopsy.
Inhibition of erythroid differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells by a macrophage product(s). (1987)

Conditioned media from established murine macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7, P388D1, and WEHI-3) incubated with endotoxin in a serum-free medium contain an erythroid inhibitory activity (EIA) that inhibited dimethylsulfoxide-induced erythroid differentiation of mouse Friend virus-transformed erythroleukemia cells. Endotoxin itself has no EIA activity. Partial purification of EIA demonstrated that it is distinct from other macrophage products such as IL-1, TGF beta, ECGF, FGF, G-CSF, hepatocyte stimulating factor, interferon, PDGF, and cachectin/TNF. These findings indicate that EIA is a macrophage product distinct from other monokines.
Artificial intelligence and mathematical models for intelligent management of aircraft data (2012)

Increasingly, large volumes of aircraft data are being recorded in an effort to adapt aircraft maintenance procedures from being time-based towards condition-based techniques. This study uses techniques of artificial intelligence and develops mathematical models to analyse this data to enable improvements to be made in aircraft management, affordability, availability, airworthiness and performance. In addition, it highlights the need to assess the integrity of data before further analysis and presents the benefits of fusing all relevant data sources together. The research effort consists of three separate investigations that were undertaken and brought together in order to provide a unified set of methods aimed at providing a safe, reliable, effective and efficient overall procedure. The three investigations are: 1. The management of helicopter Health Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) Condition Indicators (CIs) and their analysis, using a number of techniques, including adaptive thresholds and clustering. These techniques were applied to millions of CI values from Chinook HUMS data. 2. The identification of fixed-wing turbojet engine performance degradation, using anomaly detection techniques, applied to thousands of in-service engine runs from Tornado aircraft. 3. The creation of models to identify unusual aircraft behaviour, such as uncommanded flight control movements. Two Chinook helicopter systems were modelled and the models were applied to over seven hundred in-service flights. In each case, the existing techniques were directed toward a condition-based maintenance approach, giving improved detection and earlier warning of faults.
Dispersion of Aggregated Airborne Dust by Orifice (1983)

数種類の粉体の凝集粉塵をオリフィスで分散させ, 得られた分散粉塵の粒度分布をスリット型カスケード・インパクターで測定した. 使用した粉体はタルクの微粉体, 関東ローム粉 (試験用粉体11種, JIS Z8901), ホワイト アランダム#8000, 炭酸カルシウムである.凝集粉塵はオリフィスの気流によって大変よく分散される. どの種類の粉体の場合も, 分散の程度と気流の強さの間に, 次の定量関係がある.Dp50a/Dp50s=31.3∈-0.2 (1)ここで, Dp50aはカスケード インパクターで測定した粉塵の50%粒子径, Dp50sは沈降天秤法で測定した試料粉体の50%粒子径である. また, ∈はオリフィスを通過する気流の強さを表示するパラメータであり, 次の式で定義される.∈=0.4ΔPou/do [J/m3・s] (2)ここで, ΔPoとuはオリフィスを通過する気流の圧力損失 [Pa] と平均流速 [m/s], doはオリフィス径 [m] である.次に, ∈を計算するための簡略式を得た.∈=2.7×106Qo3/do7 [J/m3・s] (3)(Qo: [l/min], do: [mm])ここで, Qoはオリフィスを通過する空気流量である. Eqs. (1), (3) は実用面で大変有効である. たとえば, 7.0mmφのオリフィスでよく分散した浮遊粉塵を得ようとする場合, 必要な空気流量は次のように計算できる. まず, Eq. (1) で, Dp50a/Dp50s=1とおくと凝集粉塵を完全に1次粒子にまで分散するために必要な気流の強さが求まる. その値は3.0×107J/m3・sである. 次にEq. (3) から, その気流の流量がQo=210l/minと求まる.
On product-form stationary distributions for reflected diffusions with jumps in the positive orthant (2005)

In this paper, we study the stationary distributions for reflected diffusions with jumps in the positive orthant. Under the assumption that the stationary distribution possesses a density in R + n that satisfies certain finiteness conditions, we characterize the Fokker-Planck equation. We then provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a product-form distribution for diffusions with oblique boundary reflections and jumps. To do so, we exploit a recent characterization of the boundary properties of such reflected processes. In particular, we show that the conditions generalize those for semimartingale reflecting Brownian motions and reflected Lévy processes. We provide explicit results for some models of interest.
Atomic layer deposition of hafnium silicate gate dielectric layers (2007)

Downscaling equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) by decreasing the physical thickness or increasing the permittivity of the gate dielectric is required to reach the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) (sub) 45 nm node performance specifications. In this work, we study the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of hafnium silicate gate dielectrics from Hf Cl4, Si Cl4, and H2 O both experimentally and theoretically. Hafnium silicate is characterized by Rutherford backscattering, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The interaction of the precursors with the surface sites is investigated by first-principles calculations. The electrical properties are evaluated on TaN gated capacitors. The Hf Cl4 H2 O reactions create surface sites that enable the chemisorption of Si Cl4 in doses much smaller than the doses required for Si O2 ALD from Si Cl4 H2 O. The hydrolysis of Si-Cl is slower than the hydrolysis of Hf-Cl. Optimization of the hafnium silicate deposition results in a leakage current reduction of one order of magnitude for ultrascaled hafnium silicate gate stacks. At 0.9 nm EOT, a leakage current of <0.1 A cm2 is obtained for hafnium silicates with Hf content higher than 90%. © 2007 American Vacuum Society.