gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast optical control of individual quantum dot spin qubits (2013)

Single spins in semiconductor quantum dots form a promising platform for solid-state quantum information processing. The spin-up and spin-down states of a single electron or hole, trapped inside a quantum dot, can represent a single qubit with a reasonably long decoherence time. The spin qubit can be optically coupled to excited (charged exciton) states that are also trapped in the quantum dot, which provides a mechanism to quickly initialize, manipulate and measure the spin state with optical pulses, and to interface between a stationary matter qubit and a 'flying' photonic qubit for quantum communication and distributed quantum information processing. The interaction of the spin qubit with light may be enhanced by placing the quantum dot inside a monolithic microcavity. An entire system, consisting of a two-dimensional array of quantum dots and a planar microcavity, may plausibly be constructed by modern semiconductor nano-fabrication technology and could offer a path toward chip-sized scalable quantum repeaters and quantum computers. This article reviews the recent experimental developments in optical control of single quantum dot spins for quantum information processing. We highlight demonstrations of a complete set of all-optical single-qubit operations on a single quantum dot spin: initialization, an arbitrary SU(2) gate, and measurement. We review the decoherence and dephasing mechanisms due to hyperfine interaction with the nuclear-spin bath, and show how the single-qubit operations can be combined to perform spin echo sequences that extend the qubit decoherence from a few nanoseconds to several microseconds, more than 5 orders of magnitude longer than the single-qubit gate time. Two-qubit coupling is discussed, both within a single chip by means of exchange coupling of nearby spins and optically induced geometric phases, as well as over longer-distances. Long-distance spin-spin entanglement can be generated if each spin can emit a photon that is entangled with the spin, and these photons are then interfered. We review recent work demonstrating entanglement between a stationary spin qubit and a flying photonic qubit. These experiments utilize the polarization- and frequency-dependent spontaneous emission from the lowest charged exciton state to single spin Zeeman sublevels.
Overcoming Immune Evasion in T Cell Therapy of Cancer: Lessons from Animal Models (2008)

Cancer antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are the major effectors against cancer cells. However, large established tumors are usually not fully controlled by CTL for at least two reasons. First, large established tumors have immune suppressive networks that not only suppress CTL effector function but also permit tumor progression. Second, the genetic instability of cancer cells often results in the selection of antigenic variants by CTL, which allow cancer cells to escape destruction. Simply enhancing T cell capacity may not fully control large established tumors. Other measures, such as enhancing local costimulation, inhibiting angiogenesis and down-regulating functions of tumor associated myeloid cells should also be considered. In this paper we will review some of the progress from animal studies.
Identification of plasma protein profiles associated with risk groups of prostate cancer patients (2014)

In this pilot study, we have shown that plasma protein biomarker signatures, associated with risk groups of PC, could be identified from crude plasma samples using affinity proteomics. This approach could in the longer perspective provide novel opportunities for improved risk classification of PC patients.
The Synthesis of Some 3-Substituted-4-methylcoumarins<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Some 3-Substituted-4-methylcoumarins1Collin H. Schroeder and Karl Paul LinkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 8, 1886–1888Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01104a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01104a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views516Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of Human Amnion for Microvascular Interpositional Grafts (1987)

A major problem associated with vascular grafting employing an artificial graft is the inflammatory response provoked by the graft and subsequent complications of classical acute rejection phenomena when the graft is implanted subcutaneously into human volunteers. The favorable results obtained by a preliminary study of subcutaneous implantation of amnion in our laboratory have led us to a prospective study to determine its value as a vascular graft. Tubed conduits of glutaraldehyde-treated amnion were hand constructed of varying diameters and lengths. They were employed as segmental interpositional grafts in experimentally created femoral and aortic arterial defects in Sprague-Dawley rats. Patency rates varied from 60 to 90 percent, with all grafts showing remarkable reendothelialization within 3 to 4 weeks postoperatively. Morphology, antigenic reaction, blood flow, and patency of the different experimental amnion grafts were evaluated and compared to appropriate controls.
Availability of hydrogen for lunar base activities (1990)

Hydrogen will be needed on a lunar base to make water for consumables, to provide fuel, and to serve as reducing agent in the extraction of oxygen from lunar minerals. The abundance and distribution of solar wind implanted hydrogen were studied. Hydrogen was found in all samples studied with concentrations varying widely depending on soil maturity, grain size, and mineral composition. Seven cores returned from the moon were studied. Although hydrogen was implanted in the upper surface layer of the regolith, it was found throughout the cores due to micrometeorite reworking of the soil.
A Versatile Machine Vision System for Complex Industrial Parts (1977)

As a step to automate assembly of various industrial parts, this paper describes a versatile machine vision system that can recognize a variety of complex industrial parts and measure the necessary parameters for assembly, such as the locations of screw holes. Emphasis is given to a method for extracting useful features from the scene data for complex industrial parts so that accurate recognition of them is possible. The proposed method has the following features: 1) simple features are detected first in the scene and more complex features are examined later, using the locations of the previously found features; 2) the system is provided with a high-level supervisor that analyzes the current information obtained from the scene and structural models of various objects, and proposes the feartures to be examined next for recognizing the objects in the scene; 3) the supervisor has problem-solving capabilities to select the most promising feature among many others; 4) the structural models are used to suggest the locations of the features to be examined; and 5) several sophisticated feature extractors are used to detect the complex features. An effort is also made to make the system versatile so that it can be readily applied to a variety of different industrial parts. The proposed system has been tested on several sets of parts for small industrial gasoline engines and the results were satisfactory.
Pasta-3's graphical query language: direct manipulation cooperative queries, full expressive power (1989)

Graphical Direct Manipulation (GrDM) query languages are characterized and positioned with respect to traditional textual query languages. After a brief survey of the current state of the art, the Pasta-3 GrDM query language is presented, with emphasis on three features that make significant new contributions to this field: (1) its GrDM basis (query editing through clicking and dragging of an iconic representation of the query expression), (2) its cooperative environment (handy values, automatic path completion, edit-and-reevaluate loop), and (3) its expressive power (arbitrarily complex conditions, recursive queries, logical variables and quantification, subqueries, mixing in Prolog code). Several examples taken directly from the nearly complete implementation are discussed in detail.
Simple and inexpensive single-oscillation quartz crystal thin-film thickness monitor and growth-rate meter (1987)

Commercially available quartz crystal thin-film thickness monitors have limitations due to: (i) their inability to indicate the absolute frequency of oscillation of the mass measuring crystal; and (ii) the instability of the variable frequency LC oscillator, if any, incorporated in the circuit. Recently it has been suggested that it is economical and simple to use a digital frequency meter for the direct measurement of the frequency shift due to film deposition of the measuring crystal. Such an arrangement gives better results than commercial film thickness monitors. A single oscillation quartz crystal monitor and growth rate meter has been designed using this idea and locally available electronic components. In this instrument a quartz crystal wafer having one pair of gold electrodes is used, while the shift in resonance frequency measured by a digital frequency meter is used for the estimation of thickness of thin films. To measure the rate of growth of the film the resonance frequency signal from the crystal is suitably processed to produce a DC signal, which may be recorded on an x-y/x-t recorder to obtain the rate of growth during the deposition of the film.
Covalent Organic Frameworks: Covalent Organic Frameworks: Structures, Synthesis, and Applications (Adv. Funct. Mater. 33/2018) (2018)

In article number 1705553, Thomas Bein and co-workers provide a comprehensive overview of the covalent organic framework structures realized to date. Advanced synthesis strategies are discussed, as well as applications, which include gas storage, sensing, electrochemical energy storage, and optoelectronics.
Wettability Characterization Using the Flotation Technique Coupled with Geochemical Simulation (2017)

Summary Wettability controls the distribution of fluid phases and flow properties in oil reservoirs. Wettability characterization can be accomplished using standard techniques such as Amott-Harvey and USBM. Nevertheless, these experiments are time consuming and limited numbers are carried out for each oil reservoir. The objective is to evaluate the possibility to use the flotation technique combined with geochemical simulations for fast wettability characterization. The flotation technique relies on the affinity of the minerals to either the brine or the oil, and was used to characterize the wettability of minerals. The amounts of oil-wet particles is determined for the mineral-brine-oil mixtures after aging the mineral in brine and oil respectively. Two formation water compositions and two stock tank oils were selected for the flotation experiments. As an introduction to this study, the wettability of six (6) minerals found in sandstone reservoir rocks were investigated by flotation test. The mineral-brine interactions such as solubility and surface complexation of minerals were modelled with the geochemical simulator PHREEQ-C, and the results were compared with their experimental counterpart. The flotation tests showed that the crude oils altered the wettability of some of the water-wet minerals to oil-wet. It was inferred that the clay minerals were less water-wet. Calcite with cationic surfaces, became more oil-wet by aging with crude oil, and this indicated direct adsorption of carboxylic acids. Surface Complexation Modelling (SCM) results reveal that the surface charges of both quartz-brines and STOs-brine are mostly negatively charged and hence electrostatic repulsion exist between the two interfaces leading to lack of oil adhesion. Unlike quartz, the calcite-brine and the STOs-brine interfaces were positively and negatively charged respectively. Hence, direct adhesion of the polar oil components onto the calcite surface is the reason for the high oil-wet nature of calcite. This was also consistent with the total bond product which expresses the tendency of oil adhesion onto minerals surfaces. The total bond product for calcite (0.95 – 1.06) was greater than quartz (0.01 – 0.07) and hence confirming that more oil was adsorbed on the calcite surface unlike quartz. Both the SCM and the flotation test results reaveal that the calcite is strongly oil-wet while quartz is strongly water-wet. The flotation technique combined with geochemical simulation is a promising and cheap approach of characterizing the wettability. In the flotation tests only small rock samples are required. This approach has the potential to provide fast estimation of the wettability of reservoir rocks.
Comparison of Whole Saliva Flow Rates and Mucin Concentrations in Healthy Caucasian Young and Aged Adults (1992)

Unstimulated and chewing-stimulated whole saliva samples were obtained from 42 healthy Caucasians; 21 were between 18 and 35 years of age, and 21 between 65 and 83 years of age. The unstimulated salivary flow rate was significantly lower in the aged group, but the stimulated flow rate was significantly higher in the aged than in the young group. Both groups showed significantly increased flow during salivary stimulation. MG1 and MG2 concentrations in unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples were significantly lower in the aged group. There were no significant correlations between salivary flow rates and MG1 and MG2 concentrations.
Expertise Analysis in a Question Answer Portal for Author Ranking (2008)

An online question answering (QA) portal provides users a way to socialize and help each other to solve problems. The majority of the online question answer systems use user-feedback to rank userspsila answers. This way of ranking is inefficient as it involves ongoing efforts by the users and is subjective. Currently researchers have utilized link analysis of user interactions for this task. However, this is not accurate in some circumstances. A detailed structural analysis of an online QA portal is conducted in this paper. A novel approach based on userspsila reputation reflecting the usage patterns is proposed to rank and recommend the user answers. The method is compared with a popular link topology analysis method, HITS. The result of the proposed method is promising.
Intracellular magnesium detection: imaging a brighter future (2010)

A wide variety of biochemical reactions and physiological functions are known to require magnesium; nonetheless, its regulatory mechanisms (both at the cellular and systemic level) are still poorly characterised. Derangement of magnesium homeostasis is associated with several relevant human pathologies, e.g. diabetes, neuromuscular disorders, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. The study of the regulation of magnesium has gained particular interest in the last decades thanks to the molecular characterisation of specific magnesium transporters and the exploitation of molecular biology techniques to clarify their cellular and physiological function(s). In contrast, experimental tools to trace cellular magnesium and to define its homeostasis in living cells have not witnessed a corresponding progress. It was not until recently that efforts were paid to design more appropriate fluorescent indicators that could translate the advances of live imaging techniques into the field of magnesium research. Herein we critically summarise the state of the art in intracellular magnesium detection by fluorescent probes and focus on the need for improving methods and techniques in this area. We highlight the advantages of last-generation fluorescent indicators and discuss a number of challenges and opportunities that the development of novel and better sensors for magnesium still faces.
A Simple, Novel Method for Assessing Medication Adherence (2010)

Capsule photographs are a useful measure of adherence, allowing more accurate time measures and more frequent adherence assessment than MEMS or capsule count. Given the ubiquity of cellular telephone use, and the relative ease of this adherence measurement method, we believe it is a useful and cost-effective approach.
Pre-clinical evaluation of anti-lacto-N-fucopentaose III (CD15) monoclonal antibodies for ex vivo bone marrow purging in acute myeloid leukemia. (1990)

In order to eliminate residual leukemic cells from the marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation, the optimal conditions of utilization of three CD15 murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) were investigated. The VIM-D5 MoAb was used with rabbit complement (C'), whereas the 8.27 and SMY15A MoAbs were used in the presence of human C'. These antibodies were also tested after fixation on magnetic beads. In a culture assay in semi-solid medium with a mixture of normal marrow and 1% HL60 cells, a lysis of clonogenic cells greater than 99% was achieved with the three antibodies and two rounds of complement, or with antibody-coated magnetic beads. Cultures of leukemic clonogenic cells (CFU-L) were performed in 47 cases. An inhibition equal to or greater than 90% was achieved in seven cases with VIM-D5, 16 cases with 8.27 and 11 cases with SMY15A and C'. The correlation with cytotoxicity of fresh cells was low. Twenty cases were purged with antibody-coated beads. An inhibition equal to or greater than 90% was observed in 10 cases with VIM-D5, 11 cases with 8.27 and 12 cases with SMY15A. The mean recovery of normal CFU-GM was higher than 70% and that of BFU-E higher than 95% with any method of treatment. It is concluded that efficient marrow purging of clonogenic AML cells can be achieved in some cases without toxicity for normal progenitors. The addition of other MoAbs seems necessary to obtain a significant purge in a majority of cases.
Exogenous pulses of luteinizing hormone cause persistence of the largest bovine ovarian follicle. (1996)

The objectives of this study were, 1) to determine whether increased frequency of LH pulses, independent of changes in progesterone, will cause persistence of the first largest ovarian follicle (LF1) during the bovine estrous cycle and 2) to determine whether a follicle produced in this manner will ovulate after luteal regression. In Exp. 1, 32 nonlactating beef cows were randomized into four groups. Bovine LH was given as 50 micrograms i.v. every 2 h from 0800 on d 7 through 0800 on d 13 postestrus to cows in two groups, which in addition either received PGF2 alpha on d 12 and were allowed to ovulate (LHOV; Group 1) or were ovariectomized (LHOVX; Group 2) on d 13. Cows in Group 3 received progesterone via a used controlled internal drug releasing device (CIDR) on d 4 to 13, PGF2 alpha on d 6, and ovariectomy on d 13. These cows received 1 mL of saline i.v. every 2 h on d 7 to 13, as did those in Group 4 (SAL), but cows in Group 4 did not receive any PGF2 alpha. Proportion (percentage) of LF1 maintained until d 13 was similar in cows with CIDR (100) and on LH (88) but less in cows on SAL (36; P < .01). The LF1 were largest in cows with CIDR, smallest in cows on SAL, and intermediate in cows on LH (P < .001). During d 7 to 13, progesterone was lesser and estradiol was greater in peripheral plasma in cows with CIDR than in cows on LH or SAL (P < .001). In Experiment 2, beef heifers received 50 micrograms of bLH (LH; n = 5) or saline (SAL; n = 4) i.v. every 2 h from 0800 on d 7 until 12 h after signs of estrus were observed following PGF2 alpha on d 12. The LF1 were maintained by LH and 60% ovulated; all LF1 were replaced during treatment in heifers on SAL. The LF1 were larger in heifers on LH, but estradiol and progesterone did not differ between groups. In conclusion, an increased frequency of LH pulses during a normal luteal phase allowed LF1 to persist but did not increase secretion of estradiol.
Planar capacitive imaging for composite delamination damage characterization (2020)

Abstract The objective of this study is to develop and validate a noncontact, nondestructive inspection and imaging method for rapidly assessing the subsurface condition of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite structures. The method works on the principle of planar electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). Unlike conventional ECT systems, electrodes are arranged on a rectangular planar surface in the form of a grid. The volume on one side of the electrode plane is interrogated with an electric field, and the mutual capacitances between the electrodes are measured. The volumetric electrical permittivity distribution of the interrogated region is then reconstructed from the measured capacitance responses. In this work, an ECT image reconstruction algorithm was implemented, and a customized planar capacitive imaging system was prototyped. First, different objects were placed near the electrode array, and the corresponding volumetric change in electrical permittivity was successfully captured. Second, the planar ECT system was employed for detecting artificially introduced subsurface defects in 3D-printed objects. Third, CFRP specimens with different sizes of single-layer delamination were fabricated and subjected to ECT interrogation. The results confirmed that the planar ECT system could detect the location and size of delamination in CFRP panels. The accuracy and resolution of the planar ECT prototype were also characterized.