gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vertical N-channel MOSFETs for extremely high density memories: the impact of interface orientation on device performance (2001)

We investigate vertical n-channel MOSFETs fabricated at the sidewalls of etched trenches. In general, these sidewalls can be nonplanar and incorporate different crystallographic orientations. Therefore, it is necessary to involve models for a variety of interface orientations in order to describe scaled-down vertical devices. However, the crystallographic orientation of the interface has a strong impact on crucial device parameters such as gate oxide thickness, carrier mobility, and interface trap density. For the first time, in this work a complete set of these parameters is investigated systematically for a wide range of different crystallographic orientations. Based on these parameters, the modeling of vertical MOSFETs featuring a cylindrical geometry is demonstrated and verified by measurements. Furthermore, differences observed between vertical and planar devices of equal parameters are deduced from interface properties related to the orientation of the sidewall.
Bacterial 2,4-Dioxygenases: New Members of the α/β Hydrolase-Fold Superfamily of Enzymes Functionally Related to Serine Hydrolases (1999)

1H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase (Qdo) from Pseudomonas putida 33/1 and 1H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase (Hod) from Arthrobacter ilicis Rü61a catalyze an N-heterocyclic-ring cleavage reaction, generating N-formylanthranilate and N-acetylanthranilate, respectively, and carbon monoxide. Amino acid sequence comparisons between Qdo, Hod, and a number of proteins belonging to the alpha/beta hydrolase-fold superfamily of enzymes and analysis of the similarity between the predicted secondary structures of the 2,4-dioxygenases and the known secondary structure of haloalkane dehalogenase from Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 strongly suggested that Qdo and Hod are structurally related to the alpha/beta hydrolase-fold enzymes. The residues S95 and H244 of Qdo were found to be arranged like the catalytic nucleophilic residue and the catalytic histidine, respectively, of the alpha/beta hydrolase-fold enzymes. Investigation of the potential functional significance of these and other residues of Qdo through site-directed mutagenesis supported the hypothesis that Qdo is structurally as well as functionally related to serine hydrolases, with S95 being a possible catalytic nucleophile and H244 being a possible catalytic base. A hypothetical reaction mechanism for Qdo-catalyzed 2,4-dioxygenolysis, involving formation of an ester bond between the catalytic serine residue and the carbonyl carbon of the substrate and subsequent dioxygenolysis of the covalently bound anionic intermediate, is discussed.
<i>Glioma Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1</i> Exerts Tumor Suppressor Activities through Proapoptotic Reactive Oxygen Species–c-Jun–NH2 Kinase Signaling (2008)

Glioma pathogenesis-related protein 1 (GLIPR1), a novel p53 target gene, is down-regulated by methylation in prostate cancer and has p53-dependent and -independent proapoptotic activities in tumor cells. These properties suggest an important tumor suppressor role for GLIPR1, yet direct genetic evidence of a tumor suppressor function for GLIPR1 is lacking and the molecular mechanism(s), through which GLIPR1 exerts its tumor suppressor functions, has not been shown. Here, we report that the expression of GLIPR1 is significantly reduced in human prostate tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal prostate tissues and in multiple human cancer cell lines. Overexpression of GLIPR1 in cancer cells leads to suppression of colony growth and induction of apoptosis. Mice with an inactivated Glipr1 gene had significantly shorter tumor-free survival times than either Glipr1(+/+) or Glipr1(+/-) mice in both p53(+/+) and p53(+/-) genetic backgrounds, owing to their development of a unique array of malignant tumors. Mechanistic analysis indicated that GLIPR1 up-regulation increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to apoptosis through activation of the c-Jun-NH(2) kinase (JNK) signaling cascade. Thus, our results identify GLIPR1 as a proapoptotic tumor suppressor acting through the ROS-JNK pathway and support the therapeutic potential for this protein.
Errata: Comparing Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations (1974)

Previous article Full AccessErrata: Comparing Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential EquationsT. E. Hull, W. H. Enright, B. M. Fellen, and A. E. SedgwickT. E. Hull, W. H. Enright, B. M. Fellen, and A. E. Sedgwickhttps://doi.org/10.1137/0711054PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAbout"Errata: Comparing Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations." SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, 11(3), p. 681 Previous article FiguresRelatedReferencesCited byDetails Numerical Analysis of Dynamical Systems* *This work was partially supported by grants from the Department of Energy, Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Science Foundation. Cross Ref Bibliography on the evaluation of numerical softwareJournal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 5, No. 2 Cross Ref Volume 11, Issue 3| 1974SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis History Submitted:27 April 1973Published online:14 July 2006 InformationCopyright © 1974 Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsPDF Download Article & Publication DataArticle DOI:10.1137/0711054Article page range:pp. 681-681ISSN (print):0036-1429ISSN (online):1095-7170Publisher:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
A pixelated BGO scintillator array for high energy 'flash' radiography (2005)

Transmission X-ray radiography of dense objects plays an important role in AWE hydrodynamics (hydro) experiments. The most challenging of these hydro experiments is a flash radiographic technique known as 'core-punching'. This technique utilises a 100 ns burst of MeV photons to image a dense, explosively driven object. MeV X-ray flash radiographic imaging is typically characterised by a low signal fluence of the most penetrating energies i.e. 2-5 MeV. X-ray converter (i.e. the scintillator) characteristics dominate the detector performance in terms of both quantum efficiency and resolution. Requirements are for a high (X-ray) quantum efficiency (>20%) together with /spl sim/1 mm spatial resolution. The design and construction of a large format pixelated BGO scintillator array, to meet this stringent requirement, is described.
Autonomous UAVs wildlife detection using thermal imaging, predictive navigation and computer vision (2016)

There is an increased interest on the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for wildlife and feral animal monitoring around the world. This paper describes a novel system which uses a predictive dynamic application that places the UAV ahead of a user, with a low cost thermal camera, a small onboard computer that identifies heat signatures of a target animal from a predetermined altitude and transmits that target's GPS coordinates. A map is generated and various data sets and graphs are displayed using a GUI designed for easy use. The paper describes the hardware and software architecture and the probabilistic model for downward facing camera for the detection of an animal. Behavioral dynamics of target movement for the design of a Kalman filter and Markov model based prediction algorithm are used to place the UAV ahead of the user. Geometrical concepts and Haversine formula are applied to the maximum likelihood case in order to make a prediction regarding a future state of the user, thus delivering a new waypoint for autonomous navigation. Results show that the system is capable of autonomously locating animals from a predetermined height and generate a map showing the location of the animals ahead of the user.
Towards a practical healthcare information security model for healthcare institutions (2003)

In recent years, a number of countries have introduced plans for national electronic patient record (EPR) systems. This paper argues that, in the near future, both patients and healthcare stakeholders will be able to access medical records from WWW-based EPR systems. We contend that the primary impediment to the successful implementation and widespread uptake of the EPR concept is the fact that current healthcare information security (HIS) applications are not sufficiently robust. This paper identifies two main Information Security technologies: 1) Public key infrastructure (PKI) and 2) Biometrics that hold a lot of promise in a healthcare context. The key contribution of this paper is to propose a novel multi-layered HIS framework based on a combination of PKI, Smartcard and Biometrics technologies. We argue that this new HIS framework could assist healthcare institutions to provide a truly secure infrastructure for the electronic transmission of clinical data in the future. This paper also makes a case for the creation of a new nodal HIS body because existing information security bodies like the Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams are for general-purpose organizations and not specifically suited for the healthcare sector.
Innovation Capability and Globalization Propensity in India's Information Technology and Software Industry (2010)

This article examines the impact of R&D spending on firms’ export earnings patterns, for a panel data set of several Indian information technology and software sector firms, over the period of fiscal years 2000–2001 to 2005–2006. The results of the analysis show that R&D spending has been associated with a significant rise in firms’ average export earnings levels. These results point to the need for a substantial increase over the current levels of R&D currently being undertaken by information technology and software firms in India.
Single-mode optical-waveguide fiber coupler (1978)

A single-mode fiber coupler to the Ti diffused LiNbO(3) strip waveguide has been devised. The influences of three axial displacements and two angular misalignments on the coupling efficiency have been investigated at 6328-A wavelength. The coupler has a special feature wherein coupling degradation caused by fiber displacement after connection can be recovered to the initial state. The total optical insertion loss is 3 dB after fixing the fiber to the LiNbO(3) strip waveguide, which is 4 microm wide and 8 mm long.
Cytochrome b5, Not Superoxide Anion Radical, Is a Major Reductant of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase in Human Cells (2008)

The heme protein indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) initiates oxidative metabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway, and this requires reductive activation of Fe(3+)-IDO. The current dogma is that superoxide anion radical (O(2)(*-)) is responsible for this activation, based largely on previous work employing purified rabbit IDO and rabbit enterocytes. We have re-investigated this role of O(2)(*-) using purified recombinant human IDO (rhIDO), rabbit enterocytes that constitutively express IDO, human endothelial cells, and monocyte-derived macrophages treated with interferon-gamma to induce IDO expression, and two cell lines transfected with the human IDO gene. Both potassium superoxide and O(2)(*-) generated by xanthine oxidase modestly activated rhIDO, in reactions that were prevented completely by superoxide dismutase (SOD). In contrast, SOD mimetics had no effect on IDO activity in enterocytes and interferon-gamma-treated human cells, despite significantly decreasing cellular O(2)(*-) Similarly, cellular IDO activity was unaffected by increasing SOD activity via co-expression of Cu,Zn-SOD or by increasing cellular O(2)(*-) via treatment of cells with menadione. Other reductants, such as tetrahydrobiopterin, ascorbate, and cytochrome P450 reductase, were ineffective in activating cellular IDO. However, recombinant human cytochrome b(5) plus cytochrome P450 reductase and NADPH reduced Fe(3+)-IDO to Fe(2+)-IDO and activated rhIDO in a reconstituted system, a reaction inhibited marginally by SOD. Additionally, short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of microsomal cytochrome b(5) significantly decreased IDO activity in IDO-transfected cells. Together, our data show that cytochrome b(5) rather than O(2)(*-) plays a major role in the activation of IDO in human cells.
Neronian Literature - J. P. Sullivan: Literature and Politics in the Age of Nero. Pp. 218. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press1985. $22.50. (1986)

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Web server software architectures (2003)

Web site scalability depends on several things - workload characteristics, security mechanisms, Web cluster architectures as we discussed previously. Another important item that can affect a site's performance and scalability is the Web server software architecture. We provide a classification of Web server architectures, offer a quantitative analysis of some possible software architectural options, and discuss the importance of software contention on overall response time.
blaI and blaR1 regulate beta-lactamase and PBP 2a production in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1993)

For Staphylococcus aureus, it is hypothesized that two genes located upstream of the beta-lactamase gene, blaZ, are required for the inducible expression of beta-lactamase. blaR1 is predicted to encode a signal-transducing membrane protein, and blaI is predicted to encode a repressor protein. These same two genes may also regulate the production of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP 2a), a protein essential for expression of methicillin resistance. To confirm that these two genes encode products that can control both beta-lactamase and PBP 2a production, blaI, blaR1, and blaZ with a 150-nucleotide deletion at the 3' end were subcloned from a 30-kb staphylococcal beta-lactamase plasmid and three beta-lactamase-negative strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus were transformed with the recombinant plasmid containing that insert. The production of PBP 2a and a nonfunctional beta-lactamase was detected by fluorography and by immunoblots with polyclonal antisera directed against each of the proteins. Whereas the parent strains did not produce beta-lactamase and constitutively produced PBP 2a, PBP 2a and a truncated beta-lactamase were now inducible in the transformants. Therefore, two plasmid-derived genes regulate the production of both PBP 2a and beta-lactamase.
Using cache mechanisms to exploit nonrefreshing DRAMs for on-chip memories (1991)

On-chip memories are becoming an established feature in single-chip microprocessor designs because they significantly improve performance. It is particularly important for single-chip reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessors to include large, high-speed memories, because RISC chips must reduce off-chip memory delays to achieve the shortest possible cycle time. The use of dynamic RAM for all on-chip cache results in all important increased density of local memory for a given scarce chip area, but complicates the processor control due to the inherent requirement for refreshing. By using simple circuit techniques and making a few modifications to cache organization, the refreshing requirement of dynamic RAM can be eliminated. This new cache design approach is described. It makes use of a selective invalidation technique that invalidates only those cache entries that are not fresh. This is accomplished without interrupting the processor execution stream and without degrading the cache performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A High Production Rate of Translatable IgG mRNA Accounts for the Amplified Synthesis of IgG in Myeloma Cells (1980)

The aim of the present work was to determine whether the accumulation of Ig mRNA in myeloma cells is due to a high rate of production or to a high stability of these molecules. Specific mRNAs for the light and heavy polypeptide chains of IgG were isolated from the murine MPC-11 myeloma tumor cells by immune precipitation of polysomes which synthesize these chains. It was found that the immune-precipitated polysomes were enriched 10--30-fold in the gamma and chi mRNA sequences respectively. In the wheat germ cell-free system the chi mRNA preparation was translated mainly into three polypeptides of Mr 25 000, 18 000, and 15 000. The method of immune precipitation of polysomes was also used to characterize three variant clones of MPC-11 myeloma. It was found that little if any gamma-chain polysomes are present in the L-chain producer and non-producer clones, while a substantial amount of chi-chain polysomes was present in the non-producer clone. This may be due to the presence in the non-producer cells of the constant region chi-chain fragment. In order to determine the relative synthesis rate of chi and gamma mRNAs, pulse-labelled polysomes were immune precipitated using antibodies to chi and gamma chains. It was found that chi and gamma mRNA molecules are produced at a very high relative rate each accounting for 10--15% of the total labeled mRNA after 1 h of labeling. These values are higher than the steady-state pool size of chi and gamma mRNA, which was 5--6%, and indicates that the half-life of these molecules is not unusually high. It is concluded that the amplified synthesis of immunoglobulin chains in myeloma cells is mainly due to a high rate of production of translatable chi and gamma mRNAs.
Novel Column Heater for Fast Capillary Gas Chromatography (1996)

In this paper, we present two designs for the implementation of extremely fast temperature programming of gas chromatographic columns. Both designs incorporate heating and temperaturesensing elements placed along the column. Resistive heating controls the column temperature via a feedback circuit and a software-selected temperature program. Linear temperature increases up to 10C/s are obtained. The performance of each design is evaluated for applications to volatile and semi-volatile hydrocarbons. Retention times deviate only slightly in comparison with a standard commercial instrument, and peak widths increase for compounds beyond C 13 . The proposed column heater designs have satisfactory retention time reproducibility. They are lightweight and consume little power, making them promising alternatives for fast portable gas chromatography.
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3): A Promising Target for Anticancer Therapy (2011)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogenic protein whose inhibition is sought for the prevention and treatment of cancer. In this review, the validated therapeutic strategy to block aberrant activity of STAT3 in many tumor cell lines is evaluated by presenting the most promising inhibitors to date. The compounds are discussed in classes based on their different mechanisms of action, which are critically explained. In addition, their future clinical development as anticancer agents is considered. Furthermore, the efforts devoted to the comprehension of the structure-activity relationships and to the identification of the biological effects are brought to attention. The synthetic and technological approaches recently developed to overcome the difficulties in the obtainment of clinically suitable drugs are also presented.
Dextran and Pentosan Sulfate — Clinical Applications (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Dextran Pentosan Polysulfate References
An extension of SQL to support ordered domains in relational databases (2002)

The ordered relational model is an extension of the relational model which incorporates partial orderings into data domains. We demonstrate that the ordered relational model is suitable for modelling advanced applications involving tree-structured information, incomplete information and temporal information. We describe OSQL, which is an extension of SQL for the ordered relational model, and show that OSQL combines the capabilities of standard SQL with the power of user-defined semantic orderings. The syntax of OSQL is a minimal extension of SQL and thus it should be easy for current SQL users to adapt to OSQL. Although it is a minimal extension, OSQL allows the users to formulate a wide range of queries, such as fuzzy or temporal, which are either very awkward or impossible to formulate in standard SQL. We also discuss the experimental implementation of OSQL and the further development of the capabilities of OSQL via the notion of an OSQL package in databases, which utilises semantic orderings to define the set of core operations associated with a specific application.
Nitrogen‐Doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Mesoporous Nanowire Arrays as an Additive‐Free Air‐Cathode for Flexible Solid‐State Zinc–Air Batteries (2017)

The kinetically sluggish rate of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode side is one of the main bottlenecks of zinc-air batteries (ZABs), and thus the search for an efficient and cost-effective catalyst for ORR is highly pursued. Co<sub>3</sub> O<sub>4</sub> has received ever-growing interest as a promising ORR catalyst due to the unique advantages of low-cost, earth abundance and decent catalytic activity. However, owing to the poor conductivity as a result of its semiconducting nature, the ORR activity of the Co<sub>3</sub> O<sub>4</sub> catalyst is still far below the expectation. Herein, we report a controllable N-doping strategy to significantly improve the catalytic activity of Co<sub>3</sub> O<sub>4</sub> for ORR and demonstrate these N doped Co<sub>3</sub> O<sub>4</sub> nanowires as an additive-free air-cathode for flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries. The results of experiments and DFT calculations reveal that the catalytic activity is promoted by the N dopant through a combined set of factors, including enhanced electronic conductivity, increased O<sub>2</sub> adsorption strength and improved reaction kinetics. Finally, the assembly of all-solid-state ZABs based on the optimized cathode exhibit a high volumetric capacity of 98.1 mAh cm<sup>-3</sup> and outstanding flexibility. The demonstration of such flexible ZABs provides valuable insights that point the way to the redesign of emerging portable electronics.
How can we improve antibody-based cancer therapy? (2009)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as a class of novel oncology therapeutics are demonstrating clinical efficacy as measured by tumor response (shrinkage in tumor size), and prolongations in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). However, clinical benefits are often limited to when antibodies are used in combination with chemotherapy or radiation modalities, with tumor responses only seen in a fraction of patients, and improvements in PFS and OS are incremental.1 The potential of mAbs and mAb constructs has yet to be fully exploited for maximal clinical benefit. New approaches to further improve the effectiveness of these mAb therapies include (1) selection of patients who may derive the most benefit based on the molecular characteristics of their tumors; (2) improvements in biodistribution to maximize delivery of mAbs to susceptible tumor cells; and (3) optimization of antibody immune effector mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).