gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secondary Digital Nerve Repair in the Foot with Resorbable p(DLLA-ε-CL) Nerve Conduits (2006)

Nerve guides are increasingly being used in peripheral nerve repair. In the last decade, much preclinical research has been undertaken into a resorbable nerve guide composed of p(DLLA-epsilon-CL). This report describes the results of secondary digital nerve reconstruction in the foot in a patient with post-traumatic neuromas of the common plantar digital nerves II-III and III-IV. The neuromas were resected and reconstruction of the nerves was carried out with resorbable Neurolac nerve guides. The Pressure Specified Sensory Device was used to measure the static (s) and moving (m) 1- and 2-point discrimination (PD). Fourteen months after nerve repair, the m1-PD returned in all digital nerves. The s1-PD returned only on the lateral side of the second toe. The m2-PD and s2-PD did not return in any of the toes originally innervated by the reconstructed nerves. According to the British Classification System, the sensory nerve recovery was poor. However, there were no complaints of painful neuromas after this procedure. In conclusion, this report shows no beneficial effects of Neurolac nerve guides in terms of return of sensibility after repair of common plantar digital nerves. Painful neuromas, however, could be well-treated.
Gain characteristics of Pr/sup 3+/-Yb/sup 3+/ codoped fluoride fiber for 1.3 mu m amplification (1991)

The authors report on the ability of the Pr/sup 3+/-Yb/sup 3+/ codoped system to move the pumping wavelength to wavelengths shorter than 1.017 mu m. It was demonstrated that, by codoping of Yb/sup 3+/ with Pr/sup 3+/-doped fluoride fiber, amplifiers can be moved to the spectral range where effective pumping can be done with InGaAs laser diodes that have strained-layer quantum-well structures that were developed as a pumping source for Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifiers. The pumping wavelength range was extended down to 0.93 mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ghosts in the Bureaucratic Machine (2004)

An Oklahoma health department scandal erupted when the acting director was arrested for taking a bribe. More revelations quickly followed, including the existence of multiple “ghost employees” on payroll but having no identifiable job functions. More than 30 employees were terminated. Many faced criminal prosecution. TheTulsa World reported that malfeasance at the agency might have contributed to as many as 1,000 deaths in state nursing homes. The state’s governor assigned a cabinet secretary to rectify the situation. In telling the story of an agency’s denigration and eventual rebirth, the authors argue that no substitute exists for institutional regard for basic administrative principles. They revisit the work of Fayol and Gulick, two pioneers within the principles of administration school. Despite long-standing criticisms, their approach seems strongly validated in light of an agency that lost its way by ignoring fundamentals and was set back on course by an administrator who valued them.
Oscillating field stimulation for complete spinal cord injury in humans: a Phase 1 trial (2005)

The use of OFS treatment in patients with SCI is safe, reliable, and easy. Compared with the outcomes obtained in compliant NASCIS III plegic patients, the results of the present study indicate efficacy, and the FDA has given permission for enrollment of 10 additional patients.
Physiological Levels of Ammonia Regulate Glutamine Synthesis from Extracellular Glutamate in Astrocyte Cultures (1992)

The effect of ammonia on glutamate accumulation and metabolism was examined in astrocyte cultures prepared from neonatal rat cortices. Intact astrocytes were incubated with 70 microM L-[14C(U)]glutamate and varying amounts of ammonium chloride. The media and cells were analyzed separately by HPLC for amino acids and labelled metabolites. Extracellular glutamate was reduced to 8 microM by 60 min. Removal of glutamate from the extracellular space was not altered by addition of ammonia. The rate of glutamine synthesis was increased from 3.6 to 9.3 nmol/mg of protein/min by addition of 100 microM ammonia, and intracellular glutamate was reduced from 262 to 86 nmol/mg of protein after 30 min. The metabolism of accumulated glutamate was matched nearly perfectly by the synthesis of glutamine, and both processes were proportional to the amount of added ammonia. The transamination and deamination products of glutamate were minor metabolites that either decreased or remained unchanged with increasing ammonia. Thus, ammonia addition stimulates the conversion of glutamate to glutamine in intact astrocyte cultures. At physiological concentrations of ammonia, glutamine synthesis appears to be limited by the rate of glutamate accumulation and the activity of competing reactions and not by the activity of glutamine synthetase.
A Dual-Band 2.45/6 GHz CMOS LNA Utilizing a Dual-Resonant Transformer-Based Matching Network (2012)

This paper analyzes and presents design equations for a new transformer-based matching network capable of simultaneously matching two different frequencies. This network is then used to realize a dual-band low-noise amplifier that is fabricated in a 0.13 μm CMOS process and is capable of operating at 2.45 GHz and 6 GHz. The measured S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> and noise figure for 2.45 GHz (6 GHz) is 9.4 dB (18.9 dB) and 2.8 dB (3.8 dB), respectively. The IIP3 is measured to be -4.3 dBm and -5.6 dBm at 2.45 GHz and 6 GHz, respectively. The power consumption of the system (excluding the buffer) is 2.79 mW from a 1.2 V supply and the total area is 900 μm × 680 μm.
Biodegradable “Core–Shell” Rubber Nanoparticles and Their Toughening of Poly(lactides) (2013)

Poly(lactide) (PLA) nanocomposites were fabricated by solution blending of commercial poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and biodegradable core–shell particles, in which the core–shell particles were synthesized via octa polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (octaPOSS)-initiated ring-opening copolymerization of a mixture of ε-caprolactone and l-lactide to form poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide) (PCLLA) as rubbery core, followed by polymerization of d-lactide to form poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) as outer shell. The outer PDLA layer could facilitate strong interactions between core–shell rubber particles and PLLA matrix via formation of stereocomplex. The randomness of PCLLA and the subsequent grafting of PDLA were monitored using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The rubbery characteristic of PCLLA was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) which showed a Tg of ∼−7 °C. Stereocomplexation between PLLA and POSS-rubber-D was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), DSC, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The resulting biodegradable nanocomposites exhibit a 10-fold increase in elongation at break while maintaining other mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus and tensile strength. XRD, light scattering, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies suggested that strong stereocomplex matrix/rubber interactions, good particle dispersion, rubber-initiated crazing, and low rubber content are the possible mechanisms behind such significant enhancements.
π‐Solvatation von aromatischen Ringen im Übergangszustand — ein elektronischer Beitrag zur Diastereoselektivität von Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen (1987)

Ohne Annahmen über die Grundzustandskonformation gelang es durch den Vergleich von Alkylierungs‐ und Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen mit 1 bzw. 2 den elektronischen Beitrag des Substituenten R zur Diels‐Alder‐Diastereoselektivität zu identifizieren. Wichtig ist eine π‐Stapelung, wobei jedoch kein signifikanter Charge‐Transfer auftritt. Dies folgt unter anderem daraus, daß für alle Substituenten, die aus sterischen oder elektronischen Gründen nicht zur π‐Stapelung befähigt sind, ein linearer Zusammenhang zwischen den Alkylierungs‐ und den Diels‐Alder‐Selektivitäten resultiert. magnified image
Homozygous single nucleotide polymorphism of the complement C1QA gene is associated with decreased levels of C1q in patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (2003)

We report an association between a non-familial form of photosensitive Lupus-specific skin disease, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), and a new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the C1QA gene. We also describe an association between this SNP and lower levels of serum C1q. This SNP consists of adenine replacing the third guanine in the codon for aminoacid residue Gly70 (position excludes the 22 amino acid leading peptide) that is located in the second exon of the C1QA gene. We have designated this SNP C1qA-Gly70GGA (the GenBank sequence at this location is C1qA-Gly70GGG). A survey of 19 SCLE patients showed that 11 (58%) were homozygous for C1qA-Gly70GGA SNP, seven (37%) were heterozygous, and only one patient (5%) was homozygous for the GenBank sequence. In contrast, only 13 of 62 (21%) normal controls were homozygous for the C1qA-Gly70GGA SNP, 41 (66%) controls were heterozygous and eight (13%) controls were homozygous for the GenBank sequence. Thus, the C1qA-Gly70GGA SNP is strongly associated with SCLE (P-value = 0.005 by chi-square analysis with Yates correction). This SNP would traditionally be classified as clinically silent as it does not encode a different amino acid. However, our studies have suggested that this SNP appears to be associated with a functional abnormality of C1q expression since its presence correlates inversely with serum levels of C1q antigenic protein in both SCLE patients and normal controls. The mechanism by which this phenotypic change is associated with the translationally silent (synonymous) ClqA-Gly70GGA genetic variation is currently unknown.
Sports anemia, iron supplements, and blood doping (1992)

EICHNER, E. R. Sports anemia, iron supplementation, and blood doping. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 24, No. 9 Supplement, pp. S315-S318, 1992. Key Points: 1) Athletes tend to have lower hemoglobin concentrations than sedentary counterparts. This has been called sports anemia, a misnomer. 2) Sports anemia is a false anemia and a beneficial adaptation to aerobic exercise, caused by an expanded plasma volume that dilutes red blood cells. 3) Athletes, however, can also develop true anemia, most commonly caused by iron deficiency. True anemia curbs athletic performance, but nonanemic iron deficiency does not. 4) Iron supplements are useful for women endurance athletes who repeatedly develop iron deficiency anemia despite dietary advice. 5) Some endurance athletes today are blood doing by abusing recombinant human erythropoietin (rEPO). They risk dying to win.
GNU radio based BIST for SDR performance measurement (2014)

This thesis is an attempt to investigate on methods to develop built in self test method for performance measurement of a wideband (20MHz) software defined radio with frequency coverage from 50MHz to 2.4GHz. The overall quality of transmission and reception is dictated by various RF system and baseband specifications in wireless systems. Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) is a measure of the digital modulation quality of the wireless system under test which is very sensitive to much impairment in the transceiver.
Baicalin Attenuates Hypoxia‐Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension to Improve Hypoxic Cor Pulmonale by Reducing the Activity of the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway and MMP‐9 (2016)

Baicalin has a protective effect on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats, but the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. Thus, investigating the potential mechanism of this effect was the aim of the present study. Model rats that display hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale under control conditions were successfully generated. We measured a series of indicators to observe the levels of pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary arteriole remodeling, and right ventricular remodeling. We assessed the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the pulmonary arteriole walls and pulmonary tissue homogenates using immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses, respectively. The matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 9 protein and mRNA levels in the pulmonary arteriole walls were measured using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Our results demonstrated that baicalin not only reduced p38 MAPK activation in both the pulmonary arteriole walls and tissue homogenates but also downregulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of MMP-9 in the pulmonary arteriole walls. This downregulation was accompanied by the attenuation of pulmonary hypertension, arteriole remodeling, and right ventricular remodeling. These results suggest that baicalin may attenuate pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale, which are induced by chronic hypoxia, by downregulating the p38 MAPK/MMP-9 pathway.
Sybil attacks as a mitigation strategy against the Storm botnet (2008)

The Storm botnet is one of the most sophisticated botnet active today, used for a variety of illicit activities. A key requirement for these activities is the ability by the botnet operators to transmit commands to the bots, or at least to the various segmented portions of the botnet. Disrupting these command and control (C&C) channels therefore becomes an attractive avenue to reducing botnets effectiveness and efficiency. Since the command and control infrastructure of Storm is based on peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, previous work has explored the use of index poisoning, a disruption method developed for file-sharing P2P networks, where the network is inundated with false information about the location of files. In contrast, in this paper we explore the feasibility of Sybil attacks as a mitigation strategy against Storm. The aim here is to infiltrate the botnet with large number of fake nodes (sybils), that seek to disrupt the communication between the bots by inserting themselves in the peer lists of ldquoregularrdquo bots, and eventually re-reroute or disrupt ldquorealrdquo C&C traffic. An important difference with index poisoning attacks is that sybil nodes must remain active and participate in the underlying P2P protocols, in order to remain in the peer list of regular bot nodes. However, they do not have to respond to the botmasterpsilas commands and participate into illicit activities. First, we outline a methodology for mounting practical Sybil attacks on the Storm botnet. Then, we describe our simulation studies, which provide some insights regarding the number of sybils necessary to achieve the desired level of disruption, with respect to the net growth rate of the botnet. We also explore how certain parameters such as the duration of the Sybil attack, and botnet design choices such as the size of a botpsilas peer list, affect the effectiveness of the attack.
Mesoscale Modeling of Hydrated Morphologies of 3M Perfluorosulfonic Acid-Based Fuel Cell Electrolytes (2010)

Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations have been carried out to study the hydrated morphology of 3M perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) fuel cell membranes as a function of the equivalent weight (EW), molecular weight (MW), and hydration level. The 3M PFSA ionomers were modeled using typical EWs of 578, 640, and 790 g/mol, and molecular weights were varied from about 45,000 to 90,000 g/mol in order to be close to the experimental range. The morphology changes corresponding to the EW, MW, and hydration level were comparatively investigated by inspecting the water distributions, followed by quantitative analysis by radial distribution functions and Bragg spacing according to the periodicity of water domains. Compared to the morphologies of short-side-chain PFSA membrane (Wu, D.; Paddison, S. J.; Elliott, J. A. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 3358-3367), the longer side chain in 3M PFSA membrane provides more flexibility for the sulfonate-terminated side chains and generally results in the stronger aggregation of water clusters. This results in lower water uptake for higher EW, corresponding to a lower ion-exchange capacity (IEC), which is attributed experimentally to a higher crystallinity of the fluorocarbon phase, although our simulations were not able to observe the crystallites directly.
A Zika virus vaccine expressing premembrane-envelope-NS1 polyprotein (2018)

Current efforts to develop Zika virus (ZIKV) subunit vaccines have been focused on pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins, but the role of NS1 in ZIKV-specific immune response and protection is poorly understood. Here, we develop an attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based vaccine expressing ZIKV prM-E-NS1 as a polyprotein. This vectored vaccine candidate is attenuated in mice, where a single immunization induces ZIKV-specific antibody and T cell immune responses that provide protection against ZIKV challenge. Co-expression of prM, E, and NS1 induces significantly higher levels of Th2 and Th17 cytokine responses than prM-E. In addition, NS1 alone is capable of conferring partial protection against ZIKV infection in mice even though it does not induce neutralizing antibodies. These results demonstrate that attenuated rVSV co-expressing prM, E, and NS1 is a promising vaccine candidate for protection against ZIKV infection and highlights an important role for NS1 in ZIKV-specific cellular immune responses.
Management platform of threats information in IoT environment (2017)

Recently, the use of IoT devices in living environments has increased due to the development of various wireless communication technologies. As the number of types of IoT devices has grown exponentially, many kinds of insecure operating systems and open source software programs are being used. As they run with security vulnerabilities, IoT devices using such OS and software can be targeted by malicious attackers. In addition, due to the operating characteristics of IoT devices, it is difficult to apply security patches immediately when vulnerabilities are found. Accordingly, there is an increasing need for managing and sharing cyber security threat information in order to prevent security threats and accidents. This paper suggests a platform structure and application method for collecting, analyzing and sharing vulnerability information about IoT devices.
CE at the omics level: Towards systems biology – An update (2007)

This review provides an updated overview of recent developments and applications of CE based on previously published reports in the field of omic research. The increased number of published articles on omics shows that the field is growing and attracting the attention of many life science researchers. Due to developments in the omics sciences, many researchers have been studying systems biology, in which biological events in organisms are systematically interpreted through the combination of complex measurements from various methods resulting in high-throughput data. Given the challenges of such complex forms of analysis, CE is a strong candidate for generating omics data useful for acquiring the qualitative and quantitative knowledge necessary for systems-level investigation. By emphasizing CE for systems biology, this review will discuss and focus on the applicability of CE to systems-based analytical data at the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels from 2005 to the present.
Kerr Cell for the High-Speed Modulation of a Laser Emission, (1971)

A method of obtaining ultrashort light pulses is described. A description of the Kerr cell used is described. A ruby laser emission of 4 x 10 to the -10th sec was used in a multiframe circuit in shadow photography to analyze the shock wave appearing during the expansion of the laser flame. (Author)
MR imaging in the presurgical workup of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. (2004)

MR imaging detection of lesions influences further presurgical workup, though lesion characterization does not allow us to predict seizure outcome. If MR imaging fails to depict a lesion and patients undergo surgery because of electrophysiologic findings, histopathologic findings are often unrevealing.
Decrease of rotenone inhibition is a sensitive parameter of complex I damage in brain non‐synaptic mitochondria of aged rats (1997)

We investigated NADH oxidation in non-synaptic and synaptic mitochondria from brain cortex of 4- and 24-month-old rats. The NADH oxidase activity was significantly lower in non-synaptic mitochondria from aged rats; we also found a significant decrease of sensitivity of NADH oxidation to the specific Complex I inhibitor, rotenone. Since the rotenone-binding site encompasses Complex I subunits encoded by mtDNA, these results are in accordance with the mitochondrial theory of aging, whereby somatic mtDNA mutations are at the basis of cellular senescence. Accordingly, a 5 kb deletion was detected only in the cortex of the aged animals.
Automation of alternate billed calls using speech recognition (1991)

Alternate billed calls (collect, calling-card, bill-to-third-party), which represent close to 50% of the toll and assist traffic in North America, requiring substantial operator workforce expenditures for telephone companies, are addressed. The automated alternate billing service (AABS), which automates a large component of this traffic, is described. Emphasis is on the use of advances in voice recognition technology and an innovative call script tool designed to simplify realization of the AABS application. Network interfaces, voice-processing hardware, speech recognition, call processing, fraud, bilingual support, and future enhancements are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adrenocortical Toxicity of 3-Methylsulfonyl-DDE in Mice (1991)

Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize early ultrastructural lesions in the adrenal zona fasciculata of female C57BL mice given a single ip injection of the adrenocorticolytic DDT-metabolite 3- methylsulfonyl-DDE (MCSO<inf>2</inf>-DDE Following 3 mg/kg, mitochondrial changes were observed 6 hr after dosing. At 12 and 24 hr the mitochondrial changes were conspicuous, with disorganization and disappearance of central cristae. At doses of 6, 12, and 25 mg/kg body wt initial (6 hr) mitochondrial vacuolization was observed, followed by disappearance of mitochondria (6–12 mg/kg) or cellular necrosis (25 mg/kg). The metabolic activation and binding of MeSO<inf>2</inf>-[14C]DDE in adrenal homogenates were determined <it>in vitro</it>. The irreversible binding of MeSO<inf>2</inf>-[14C] to the mitochondria-containing adrenal S-9 pellet fraction was 50 times higher than that to the postmitochondrial S-12 supernatant fraction. The apparent K<inf><it>m</it></inf> was 2.1 μM and the apparent V<inf>max</inf> was 104 pmol/mg protein/30 mm for the binding of MeSO<inf>2</inf>-[14C] to S-0.3 supernatants. The irreversible protein binding was inhibited by metyrapone (K<inf>1</inf>=1 μM) and 11-deoxycorticosterone (K<inf>1</inf>=3 μM). In conclusion, the adrenal metabolic activation of MeSO<inf>2</inf>-[14C]DDE is suggested to be mediated by a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 form, presumably P450 (11β). A primary mitochondrial lesion develops and subsequently leads to degeneration and necrosis of the zona fasciculata.