gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Guanidino Compounds Endowed with Subnanomolar Affinity as Competitive Inhibitors of Maize Polyamine Oxidase (2009)

Previous studies on agmatine and its derivatives suggested that the presence of hydrophobic groups on the guanidine moiety was a crucial key for inhibitory activity of maize polyamine oxidase. Accordingly, new lipophilic agmatine and iminoctadine derivatives were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit this enzyme. Several compounds showed an affinity in the nanomolar range, while a cyclopropylmethyl derivative of iminoctadine was found to be the most potent inhibitor of maize polyamine oxidase reported so far (Ki = 0.08 nM).
Multi-dip Estimation in n Dimensions (2009)

Local dip information picked from seismic data has numerous applications such as: attenuation of coherent and random noise, structurally consistent filtering of seismically derived attributes, RMO flattening and velocity model update. We propose an extens
A review of the mechanisms of oral tolerance and immunotherapy. (1995)

The induction of oral tolerance by oral immunization has been well recognized. Accumulated evidence shows that oral tolerance can be mediated by orally activated humoral and cellular factors. In animal models, the development of several T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, uveitis and diabetes type 1 can be inhibited by oral immunization of the respective antigens. In allergy, oral administration of certain allergens can prevent and reduce both contact and atopic dermatitis. Oral tolerance to alloantigen also reduces graft rejection. In spite of these encouraging results, the usefulness of this approach for an alternative immunotherapy in humans needs to be investigated further.
Advanced Server Virtualization: VMware and Microsoft Platforms in the Virtual Data Center (2006)

Executives of IT organizations are compelled to quickly implement server virtualization solutions because of significant cost savings. However, most IT professionals tasked with deploying virtualization solutions have little or no experience with the technology. This creates a high demand for information on virtualization and how to properly implement it in a datacenter. Advanced Server Virtualization: VMware® and Microsoft® Platforms in the Virtual Data Center focuses on the core knowledge needed to evaluate, implement, and maintain an environment that is using server virtualization. This boo
Preparation and Characterization of Rare Earth Activators Doped Nanocrystal Phosphors (2000)

The photoluminescent intensities of nanocrystal ZnS:Tb and ZnS:Eu synthesized using a new technique were 2.5 and 2.8 times higher than those of bulk phosphors. Taking charge compensation into account, the luminescent efficiency of the nanocrystals can be improved. The cathodoluminescence of the nanocrystals was observed for the first time. These nanocrystal phosphors are promising for field emission display, electroluminescence, plasma‐display panels, and cathode ray tubes. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Topographic and energy analysis of resting MEG and photic stimulation responses in control subjects and patients with schizophrenia (2005)

To investigate sequential changes in magnetoencephalograms (MEGs) during photic stimulation (PS), we performed a quantitative MEG analysis of the alpha band (related to stimulus frequency) in 19 schizophrenic patients and 18 gender- and age-matched control subjects. Photic stimulation was at an interval of 0.5 Hz, and the frequency band was from 8 to 10.5 Hz. In each session, the interval lasted ten seconds and was repeated ten times for each frequency. In the topographic study, we assessed the differences between the two groups under two conditions (i.e., during PS and inter-PS). During the stimulus, the absolute 8-10.5 Hz band energy of the patient group was higher at the posterior sites throughout the ten-second periods. We compared the energy intensity of each site based on international 10/20 derivation. The energy intensity in the schizophrenic patients was smaller than in the control subjects at each site. We observed a gender difference in the control subjects, but not in the schizophrenic ones. These results suggest that schizophrenic patients show fewer changes in alpha activity during the stimulus, and this continuity of posterior dominance may reflect hyperarousal, which counteracts any decrease in vigilance throughout the PS
Miniaturised eight‐channel impedance spectroscopy unit as sensor platform for biosensor applications (2011)

Abstract A miniaturised, low cost impedance analyser is developed to ease the use of impedance spectroscopy in biological setups. This could form the first step towards fully standalone, hand‐held biosensor applications. The system is capable of performing quasi‐simultaneous time resolved impedance measurements on eight different channels in a frequency range of 10 Hz–100 kHz. The unit is accurate in a broad impedance range and is able to perform stable measurements over intervals of several days. The system is characterised by passive components, a temperature controlled wet cell based impedance setup and a biomimetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based histamine sensor. The test results all indicate accurate and stable functioning of the unit, making it suitable for bioanalytical applications.
Integrated and autonomic cloud resource scaling (2012)

A Cloud is a very dynamic environment where resources offered by a Cloud Service Provider (CSP), out of one or more Cloud Data Centers (DCs) are acquired or released (by an enterprise (tenant) on-demand and at any scale. Typically a tenant will use Cloud service interfaces to acquire or release resources directly. This process can be automated by a CSP by providing auto-scaling capability where a tenant sets policies indicating under what condition resources should be auto-scaled. This is specially needed in a Cloud environment because of the huge scale at which a Cloud operates. Typical solutions are naïve causing spurious auto-scaling decisions. For example, they are based on only thresholding triggers and the thresholding mechanisms themselves are not Cloud-ready. In a Cloud, resources from three separate domains, compute, storage and network, are acquired or released on-demand. But in typical solutions resources from these three domains are not auto-scaled in an integrated fashion. Integrated auto-scaling prevents further spurious scaling and reduces the number of auto-scaling systems to be supported in a Cloud management system. In addition, network resources typically are not auto-scaled. In this paper we describe a Cloud resource auto-scaling system that addresses and overcomes above limitations.
Dioxygen Activation by a Low-Valent Cobalt Complex Employing a Flexible Tripodal N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand (2004)

The novel versatile cobalt(I) tris-carbene complex [(TIMEN(xyl))Co]Cl (1) (where TIMEN = (tris[2-(3-arylimidazol-2-ylidene)ethyl]amine) reacts with CO, one-electron oxidizers such as CH(2)Cl(2), and O(2) to yield the cobalt complexes [(TIMEN(xyl))Co(CO)]Cl (2), [(TIMEN(xyl))Co(Cl)]Cl (3), and peroxo species [(TIMEN(xyl))Co(O(2))](BPh(4)) (5). All new complexes were fully characterized by (1)H NMR, UV/vis, and IR spectroscopy as well as superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetization measurements and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The nucleophilic character of the eta(2)-bound dioxygen ligand in 5 was confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) studies and allows for oxygen-transfer reactions with electron-deficient organic substrates, such as benzoyl chloride.
Intrinsic Constraints of Neural Origin: Assessment and Application to Rehabilitation Robotics (2009)

Ideally, robots used for motor rehabilitation, in particular, during assessment, should minimally perturb the voluntary movements of a subject. In this paper, we show how a state-of-the-art back-drivable robot, i.e., a robot that can be moved by the user with a low perceived mechanical impedance, when used for assessment can still perturb the voluntary movements of a subject. In particular, we show that, despite its low mechanical impedance, a robot may still not comply with the intrinsic kinematic constraints, which are of neural origin and are adopted by the human brain to solve redundancy in motor tasks. Specifically, the redundant task under consideration is the 2-D pointing task, which is performed by a subject with the sole use of the wrist [3 degree of freedom (DOF) kinematics]. Wrist orientations during pointing tasks are assessed in two different scenarios. In the first experiment, a lightweight handheld device is used, which introduces no loading effect. In the second experiment, similar pointing tasks are performed with the subject interacting with a state-of-the-art robot for wrist rehabilitation. In the first case, intrinsic kinematic constraints arise as 2-D surfaces embedded in the 3-D space of wrist configuration. Such surfaces are typically subject-dependent and reveal personal motor strategies. In the second case, a strong influence of the robot is remarked. In particular, 2-D surfaces still arise but are similar for all subjects and are referable to a mechanical origin (excessive loading by the robot). The assessment approach described in this paper, including both the experimental apparatus and data-analysis method, can be used as a test for the degree of back-drivability of mechanisms and robots in relation to constraints of neural origin, thus allowing the design of robots that can actually cope with such constraints. The clinical potential impact is also discussed.
Local Proliferation of Fibroblast‐Like Synoviocytes Contributes to Synovial Hyperplasia (1994)

In situ proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in the synovium lining contributes considerably to the increase in cell numbers in rheumatoid synovium.
Induction of a VLA-2 (CD49b)-Expressing Effector T Cell Population by a Cell-Based Neuroblastoma Vaccine Expressing CD137L (2008)

In malignancies where no universally expressed dominant Ag exists, the use of tumor cell-based vaccines has been proposed. We have modified a mouse neuroblastoma cell line to express either CD80 (B7.1), CD137L (4-1BBL), or both receptors on the tumor cell surface. Vaccines expressing both induce a strong T cell response that is unique in that among responding CD8 T cells, a T effector memory cell (T(EM)) response arises in which a large number of the T(EM) express the alpha-chain of VLA-2, CD49b. We demonstrate using both in vitro and in vivo assays that the CD49b(+) CD8 T cell population is a far more potent antitumor effector cell population than nonfractionated CD8 or CD49b(-) CD8 T cells and that CD49b on vaccine-induced CD8 T cells mediates invasion of a collagen matrix. In in vivo rechallenge studies, CD49b(+) T cells no longer expanded, indicating that CD49b T(EM) expansion is restricted to the initial response to vaccine. To demonstrate a mechanistic link between the expression of costimulatory molecules on the vaccine and CD49b on responding T cells, we stimulated naive T cells in vitro with artificial APC expressing different combinations of anti-CD3, anti-CD28, and CD137L. Although some mRNA encoding CD49b was induced by combining anti-CD3 with anti-CD28 or CD137L, the highest level was induced when all three signals were present. This indicates that CD49b expression results from additive costimulation and that the level of CD49b message serves as an indicator of the effectiveness of T cell activation by a cell-based vaccine.
Substitution of divalent cobalt into aluminophosphate molecular sieves (1985)

N. J. Tapp, N. B. Milestone and L. J. Wright, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 1801 DOI: 10.1039/C39850001801
A Preferred Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hormone therapy: an overview. (1995)

Hormonal treatment of prostate cancer has advanced little in the past 20 years. Total androgen ablation may offer a 20% survival advantage when compared with monotherapy, as might the use of stilboestrol if its cardiovascular side-effects could be abolished with aspirin or some other agent. Neither approach, however, is likely to lead to a cure. Currently available cytotoxic chemotherapy appears to offer little survival advantage. There is an urgent need for the development of other treatments.
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of osteopontin gene expression in preosteoblasts by retinoic acid (1998)

This study examines the relative importance of transcriptional and posttranscriptional actions of retinoic acid (RA) in the regulation of osteopontin gene expression in a rat clonal preosteoblastic cell line, UMR 201. Nuclear run-on analysis demonstrated constitutive expression of the osteopontin gene which was increased by threefold after 4 hr treatment with 1 microM RA, returning to a basal level by 24 hr. However, Northern blot analysis, performed concurrently, showed that RA progressively increased the steady-state osteopontin mRNA level beginning 2 hr before any increase in gene transcription and peaking at 24 hr. There was no difference in osteopontin mRNA stability between control and RA-treated cells after gene transcription was inhibited with 5,6-dichloro-1-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB). Total RNA was obtained from cellular subfractions (nuclear matrix, nonmatrix chromatin, nuclear membrane, and cytoplasm) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed with primers complementary to exons 3 and 4 of the mouse osteopontin gene. Unspliced PCR product, comprising the two exons and the intervening intron, was present in the nuclear matrix fractions of control and RA-treated cells. However, RA resulted in a time-dependent accumulation of mature osteopontin mRNA in all cellular subfractions, suggesting that the proficiency of nuclear processing of primary mRNA transcripts was greatly enhanced by RA. This action depended on de novo protein synthesis. These results demonstrate that the posttranscriptional action of RA is not unique to the regulation of alkaline phosphatase gene expression.
Interface formation and thermal stability of Sn overlayers grown on cubic SiC(100) (1989)

We present an angle resolved synchrotron radiation photoemission study in the photon energy range hν=40–140 eV of the Sn/SiC(100) interface formation. Valence-band and core level photoemission spectra suggest that the first monolayer of Sn grows as a two-dimensional layer in the tetrahedrally bonded α phase. Subsequent layers grow as metallic β-Sn in a three-dimensional cluster mode. Heating a 60 Å Sn/SiC(100) interface grown at room temperature to 400 °C leads to a Sn-Si reaction with a breakdown of the α phase and qualitative changes in the sizes and/or shapes of the Sn overlayer clusters. Heating to 1000 °C accelerates the Sn-Si reaction but does not seem to completely remove the β-Sn clusters.
Ultrafast Time-Division Demultiplexing of Polarization-Entangled Photons (2014)

Maximizing the information transmission rate through quantum channels is essential for practical implementation of quantum communication. Time-division multiplexing is an approach for which the ultimate rate requires the ability to manipulate and detect single photons on ultrafast time scales while preserving their quantum correlations. Here we demonstrate the demultiplexing of a train of pulsed single photons using time-to-frequency conversion while preserving their polarization entanglement with a partner photon. Our technique converts a pulse train with 2.69 ps spacing to a frequency comb with 307 GHz spacing which may be resolved using diffraction techniques. Our work enables ultrafast multiplexing of quantum information with commercially available single-photon detectors.
Electrical properties and devices of large-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes (2002)

Individual large-diameter (∼3 to 5 nm) semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are found to exhibit ambipolar field-effect transistor (FET) behavior, with easily accessible n- and p-conduction channels by simple electrostatic gates. The effects of temperature and ultraviolet radiation on their electrical properties are elucidated, shedding light into the intrinsic behavior of SWNTs in this relatively large-diameter regime. The ambipolar SWNT-FETs can be readily used as building blocks for functional nanoelectronic devices such as voltage inverters that operate under ambient conditions.
A class of M-ary asymmetric symbol error correcting codes for data entry devices (2004)

Nonbinary M-ary symbols such as alphanumeric characters are commonly used in data entry devices, e.g., keyboards and character recognition devices. The M-ary symbols processed by these devices are sometimes mistaken for other symbols due to errors such as mistyping in keyboards or misreading in character recognition systems. These errors are generally asymmetric, not symmetric. For example, the symbols corresponding to adjacent keys in a keyboard have a high error probability due to mistapping. Similarly, in character recognition systems, two symbols having similar shape have high error probability to be misrecognized. These asymmetric errors can be corrected or detected by using M-ary asymmetric symbol error control codes. We propose a new class of M-ary single asymmetric symbol error correcting codes by using a new class of rings obtained from a direct product of Galois fields. Asymmetric symbol errors are expressed by an error directionality graph, based on which the error correction capability of the codes is determined. The code is defined by a parity check matrix over the ring and functions which map a set of M-ary symbols into the ring. One of the functions is derived from the graph coloring problem of the error directionality graph. The proposed codes have greater information symbol length than the existing M-ary single symmetric symbol error correcting codes.
A temperature insensitive InGaAsP-InP optical filter (1996)

A temperature insensitive optical filter (TIOF) with InGaAsP-InP material system is proposed. Less than 0.1 /spl Aring///spl deg/C temperature dependence is achieved for the first time even though we used the InGaAsP-InP material system. By changing the optimum structure of the TIOF, blue-shift temperature characteristics are also obtained. These two novel phenomena are in good agreement with the TIOF design principle.
Intracoding and Refresh With Compression-Oriented Video Epitomic Priors (2011)

In video compression, intracoding plays an important role in terms of coding efficiency and error resilience and has been an attractive research topic since the standardization of H.264/AVC. In this paper, we propose a high-performance intracoding scheme with the help of epitomic priors. Different from intracoding in H.264/AVC and other video standards, we construct image epitomes as coding priors and use them to generate predictions of intrablocks at the encoder. In addition, we losslessly code and transmit the image epitomes to the decoder. We perform compression-oriented video epitomic analysis and search for the best epitomic priors by using the expectation maximization algorithm. The resulting image epitomes for a video sequence can be viewed as the base layer in spatially scalable video coding. Experiments show that our proposed intracoding scheme improves the state of the art by an average of 0.53 dB in PSNR. Simulations under a packet loss environment also demonstrate that intrarefresh with epitomic priors outperforms random intrarefresh by up to 2 dB, leading to better subjective quality.
Tumor necrosis factor : structure-function relationship and clinical application (1992)

Biochemical and molecular characterization of TNF receptors/TNF-like receptors TNF-mediated cytotoxicity - mechanism and regulation role of TNF in maturation and differentiation role of TNF-alpha in tumour cell destruction role of TNF in the pathogenesis of diseases clinical applications.
Visualizing information to improve building performance: a study of expert users (2010)

The overarching goal of this research is to identify the optimal methods for visualizing building performance information in commercial buildings. In the most recent phase of this work, we conducted surveys and “contextual inquiries” of industry professionals who are experts in energy monitoring and analysis, in order to understand their information practices, needs and preferences.We learned that the access to reliable energy and performance data varies considerably between firms and individuals, and that current tools have numerous shortcomings. For many building managers and design professionals, the serious analysis of visualizing building information for analysis, benchmarking and diagnostics, remains a time intensive, do-it-yourself undertaking. Many people we interviewed, including those with access to state-of-the-art building information systems, still rely on data exported from building management systems, and manipulated in spreadsheet programs. We also observed a preference for more end-use and historical energy data, and a nearly unanimous desire for better methods of communicating with building occupants.Finally, we offer a few suggestions for methods to display building information which we will develop and test with human subjects in a future phase of this research. From our observations, industry professionals would be well served by software tools that conform to a convention described in human-computer interaction literature as “overview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand.”
Fabrication of precision 3D microstructures by use of a combination of ultraprecision diamond turning and reactive ion etching process (2007)

A novel 3D microstructure fabrication process using a combination of an ultraprecision machining process and reactive ion etching technique is described. Compared to the lithographic process, the conventional microstructuring technique, this new process can produce continuous 3D features on wafer substrates instead of the multi-level profiles created using the lithography-based method. Using ultraprecision single point diamond turning and slow tool servo control, true 3D microstructures were fabricated first on a thin SU-8 photoresist layer, and then the patterned 3D structures on the photoresist layer were transferred to the silicon substrate by precisely controlling the etch depth using the timed reactive ion etching technique. Specifically, a diffractive optical element and a sine wave grating were fabricated using this method on silicon and fused silica wafer substrates. The machined wafers were measured by using an optical profilometer, a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. All measured profiles showed good agreement with the original design. Finally, a diffractive optical pattern that was fabricated using this technique was successfully transferred to a glass optical surface by use of the compression molding process as a demonstration of possible industrial applications.
A 2D smart pixel detector for time resolved protein crystallography (1996)

A smart pixel detector is being developed for Time Resolved Crystallography for biological and material science applications. Using the Pixel Detector presented here, the Laue method will enable the study of the evolution of structural changes that occur within the protein as a function of time. The X-ray pixellated detector is assembled to the integrated circuit through a bump bonding process. Within a pixel size of 150/spl times/150 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, a low noise preamplifier-shaper, a discriminator, a 3 bit counter and the readout logic are integrated. The read out, based on the Column Architecture principle, will accept hit rates above 5/spl times/10/sup 8//cm/sup 2//s with a maximum hit rate per pixel of 1 MHz. This detector will allow time resolved Laue crystallography to be performed in a frameless operation mode, without dead time. Target specifications, architecture and preliminary results on the 8/spl times/8 front-end prototype and the column readout are presented.