gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
영문 : 해외경제교란이 소국경제에 미치는 영향 (2010)

본 논문의 목적은 해외에서 발생하는 화폐교란과 실물교란이 중간째를 수입하는 소국경제에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고, 또한 소국에서의 물가상승에 대한 명목임금연동정도가 해외경제교란이 소국경제에 전파되는 과정에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 변동환율제 하에서 자본이동이 완전하며, 합리적 기대가정 하에서 2국 2재화 모형을 채택하였다. 본 논문의 분석결과에 의하면 해외에서 발생하는 화폐교란과 실물교란은 가격효과, 해외승수효과, 자본이동을 통한 이자효과, 물가와 환율변동에 의한 상대가격효과, 그리고 실질잔고효과를 통하여 소국경제에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문에서는 한국과 미국의 통계자료를 사용하여 실증분석을 하였다. 이를 통해 미국에서 발생하는 화폐교란과 실물교란이 한국경제에 어떤 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 한국에서의 임금연동지수가 미국에서 발생하는 경제교란이 한국경제에 전파되는 과정에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다.
A runtime environment for online processing of operating system kernel events (2009)

Different approaches were proposed for the logging of operating system kernel events. In general, the resulting logfiles are huge and have to be analyzed by administrators, who try to identify problems and derive adequate actions. The idea of autonomic computing is to automate such tasks.
Evidence that the H1‐H2 domain of α1 subunit of (Na <sup>+</sup> +K <sup>+</sup> )‐ATPase participates in the regulation of cardiac contraction (2005)

(Na++K+)-ATPase (NKA) plays an important role in ion homeostasis and regulates cardiac contraction. To understand the molecular basis of its cardiac regulatory functions, we investigated whether the primary structure of the H1-H2 domain in alpha-1 (alpha1) subunit of the enzyme plays a role in myocardial contractile regulation. Here we show that site-specific binding to this 1 H1-H2 domain with a targeted antibody (SSA78) markedly augments intracellular Ca2+ transients and contraction of rat ventricular cardiomyocytes without inactivating NKA. In vivo SSA78 infusion in mice results in a positive inotropic effect with enhanced contractile function yet no change in relaxation, indicating a direct cardiac effect linked to the H1-H2 domain. Competitive immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry reveal that SSA78 binding is antagonized by ouabain, supporting the interaction of SSA78 at one of the glycoside-effecter sites. These new findings suggest that the H1-H2 domain of 1 subunit of NKA is a critical determinant of enzyme biologic activity, which couples to enhanced myocyte calcium transient and inotropic action.
Automation of large scale transient protein expression in mammalian cells (2011)

Traditional mammalian expression systems rely on the time-consuming generation of stable cell lines; this is difficult to accommodate within a modern structural biology pipeline. Transient transfections are a fast, cost-effective solution, but require skilled cell culture scientists, making man-power a limiting factor in a setting where numerous samples are processed in parallel. Here we report a strategy employing a customised CompacT SelecT cell culture robot allowing the large-scale expression of multiple protein constructs in a transient format. Successful protocols have been designed for automated transient transfection of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T and 293S GnTI⁻ cells in various flask formats. Protein yields obtained by this method were similar to those produced manually, with the added benefit of reproducibility, regardless of user. Automation of cell maintenance and transient transfection allows the expression of high quality recombinant protein in a completely sterile environment with limited support from a cell culture scientist. The reduction in human input has the added benefit of enabling continuous cell maintenance and protein production, features of particular importance to structural biology laboratories, which typically use large quantities of pure recombinant proteins, and often require rapid characterisation of a series of modified constructs. This automated method for large scale transient transfection is now offered as a Europe-wide service via the P-cube initiative.
Electron-Phonon Interaction and Transport in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

We calculate the electron-phonon scattering and binding in semiconducting carbon nanotubes, within a tight-binding model. The mobility is derived using a multiband Boltzmann treatment. At high fields, the dominant scattering is interband scattering by $LO$ phonons corresponding to the corners $K$ of the graphene Brillouin zone. The drift velocity saturates at approximately half the graphene Fermi velocity. The calculated mobility as a function of temperature, electric field, and nanotube chirality are well reproduced by a simple interpolation formula. Polaronic binding give a band-gap renormalization of $\ensuremath{\sim}70\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$, an order of magnitude larger than expected. Coherence lengths can be quite long but are strongly energy dependent.
Nickel divided catalysts in the NiMo system : correlation between parent alloy-catalyst (1991)

The structure of Mo-doped Raney catalysts prepared from Mo- doped Ni2Al3 alloys was investigated essentially by transmission electron microscopy and fine-scale microanalysis. The structure of the catalyst is directly related to the microstructure of the precursor alloy and can be correlated with the physicochemical characteristics and the activity of the catalyst for hydrogenation of acetophenone in the liquid phase.
Clostridium difficile—Associated Diarrhea and Colitis in Adults (1986)

In a one-year period, 149 adult cases of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis were compared with 148 diarrhea-free controls. Eighty-seven percent were nosocomial and 75% were on surgical services. Endoscopy revealed pseudomembranes in 51% of the 109 cases in which stool cytotoxin was present, compared with 11% of the 40 cases that were culture-positive but cytotoxin-negative. Cases diagnosed only by stool culture showed essentially no differences from controls, 21% of whom had asymptomatic stool colonization. We estimate that only 20% of these cases had diarrhea due to C difficile. Compared with controls, cases diagnosed by the presence of cytotoxin or pseudomembranes were found to have been hospitalized longer at diarrhea onset, to have had more antecedent infections, and to have received clindamycin, multiple antimicrobials, and therapeutic antimicrobials more often than controls, but controls received prophylactic antimicrobials more frequently than cases. Cultures of the environment, patients, and personnel failed to detect a mechanism of acquisition.
Overexpression of protein kinase cα mRNA may be an independent prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma (2008)

Our results suggest that overexpression of PKCalpha mRNA has correlation with distant metastasis and may be an independent prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma.
Analysis of Hepatitis C Viral Kinetics during Administration of Two Nucleotide Analogues: Sofosbuvir (Gs-7977) and Gs-0938 (2014)

Both sofosbuvir and GS-0938 are highly effective at blocking viral production from HCV-infected cells. Both drugs led to a rapid and consistent second phase viral decline and exhibited no breakthroughs or other signs of resistance. From a kinetics perspective, because both drugs were of the same class there was little benefit in combining them, suggesting that future DAA combinations should consider utilizing drugs with different modes of action.
B‐1 cells: the lineage question revisited (2000)

The origins and functions of B-1 cells have sparked a good deal of controversy, largely centered on whether these B cells are developmentally distinct from the principal B cell populations (B-2) found in peripheral lymphoid organs. However, the prime criteria for assigning B-1 and B-2 cells to separate developmental lineages are satisfied by studies published some time ago that 1) identify distinct sources of progenitors for B-1 and B-2 cells; 2) show that these progenitors express their inherent commitment developing under the same conditions in co-transfer recipients; and, 3) have distinctive developmental patterns revealed by analysis of cells at various stages along the B-cell development pathway. I review these developmental studies here both to clarify the issue and to set the stage for presentation of evidence from more recent studies, which further define the functional differences between B-1 and B-2 cells and reveal intriguing complexities in the selective and other mechanisms that control the V(H) composition of the B-1 antibody repertoire.
Input and output in damped quantum systems: Quantum stochastic differential equations and the master equation (1985)

We develop a formulation of quantum damping theory in which the explicit nature of inputs from a heat bath, and of outputs into it, is taken into account. Quantum Langevin equations are developed, in which the Langevin forces are the field operators corresponding to the input modes. Time-reversed equations exist in which the Langevin forces are the output modes, and the sign of damping is reversed. Causality and boundary conditions relating inputs to system variables are developed. The concept of ``quantum white noise'' is formulated, and the formal relationship between quantum Langevin equations and quantum stochastic differential equations (SDE's) is established. In analogy to the classical formulation, there are two kinds of SDE's: the Ito and the Stratonovich forms. Rules are developed for converting from one to the other. These rules depend on the nature of the quantum white noise, which may be squeezed. The SDE's developed are shown to be exactly equivalent to quantum master equations, and rules are developed for computing multitime-ordered correlation functions with use of the appropriate master equation. With use of the causality and boundary conditions, the relationship between correlation functions of the output and those of the system and the input is developed. It is possible to calculate what kind of output statistics result, provided that one knows the input statistics and provided that one can compute the system correlation functions.
Point mutations in segment I-S6 render voltage-gated Na <sup>+</sup> channels resistant to batrachotoxin (1998)

Batrachotoxin (BTX) is a steroidal alkaloid that causes Na+ channels to open persistently. This toxin has been used widely as a tool for studying Na+ channel gating processes and for estimating Na+ channel density. In this report we used point mutations to identify critical residues involved in BTX binding and to examine if such mutations affect channel gating. We show that a single asparagine --> lysine substitution of the rat muscle Na+ channel alpha-subunit, mu1-N434K, renders the channel completely insensitive to 5 microM BTX when expressed in mammalian cells. This mutant channel nonetheless displays normal current kinetics with minimal changes in gating properties. Another substitution, mu1-N434A, yields a partial BTX-sensitive mutant. Unlike wild-type currents, the BTX-modified mu1-N434A currents continue to undergo fast and slow inactivation as if the inactivation processes remain functional. This finding implies that the mu1-N434 residue upon binding with BTX is critical for subsequent changes on gating; alanine at the mu1-434 position apparently diminishes the efficacy of BTX on eliminating Na+ channel inactivation. Mutants of two adjacent residues, mu1-I433K and mu1-L437K, also were found to exhibit the identical BTX-resistant phenotype. We propose that the mu1-I433, mu1-N434, and mu1-L437 residues in transmembrane segment I-S6 probably form a part of the BTX receptor.
Notes - Investigations in heterocycles. II. Unsymmetrical Ureas, Thioureas, and Related Thiazolines. (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Investigations in heterocycles. II. Unsymmetrical Ureas, Thioureas, and Related Thiazolines.George deStevens, Heino Luts, and Angelina HalamandarisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 1, 114–116Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1958Publication History Published online8 May 2003Published inissue 1 January 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01095a620https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01095a620research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Examples of power from waste heat for gas fields (2002)

This paper describes the design of three unique thermoelectric generators developed to supply electric power in natural gas fields. The unique feature of these generators is that they do not contain their own heat source but all convert the waste heat produced by equipment already used in the gas field as the thermal power source for the generators. The first generator described uses the difference in temperature between the hot and cold legs of the glycol natural gas dehydrator cycle to produce power for cathodic protection of the well. The second system uses waste heat from the pilot light of the gas dehydrator boiler to produce power for electronic instruments. The third system used waste heat from the gas dehydrator boiler stack to provide power for instruments, communications and other uses around the well site. The description of these generators includes both photographs of the prototype units and performance curves from each of the generators. Each generator has unique features and advantages which are discussed in the paper.
In situ imaging of layer-by-layer sublimation of suspended graphene (2010)

An individual suspended graphene sheet was connected to a scanning tunneling microscopy probe inside a transmission electron microscope, and Joule heated to high temperatures. At high temperatures and under electron beam irradiation, the few-layer graphene sheets were removed layer-by-layer in the viewing area until a monolayer graphene was formed. The layer-by-layer peeling was initiated at vacancies in individual graphene layers. The vacancies expanded to form nanometer-sized holes, which then grew along the perimeter and propagated to both the top and bottom layers of a bilayer graphene joined by a bilayer edge. The layer-by-layer peeling was induced by atom sublimation caused by Joule heating and facilitated by atom displacement caused by high-energy electron irradiation, and may be harnessed to control the layer thickness of graphene for device applications.
Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses to Chimeric Fimbriae Expressed by<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovar Typhimurium Vaccine Strains (2000)

Recombinant live oral vaccines expressing pathogen-derived antigens offer a unique set of attractive properties. Among these are the simplicity of administration, the capacity to induce mucosal and systemic immunity, and the advantage of permitting genetic manipulation for optimal antigen presentation. In this study, the benefit of having a heterologous antigen expressed on the surface of a live vector rather than intracellularly was evaluated. Accordingly, the immune response of mice immunized with a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine strain expressing the Escherichia coli 987P fimbrial antigen on its surface (Fas(+)) was compared with the expression in the periplasmic compartment (Fas(-)). Orally immunized BALB/c mice showed that 987P fimbriated Salmonella serovar Typhimurium CS3263 (aroA asd) with pCS151 (fas(+) asd(+)) elicited a significantly higher level of 987P-specific systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA than serovar Typhimurium CS3263 with pCS152 (fasD mutant, asd(+)) expressing 987P periplasmic antigen. Further studies were aimed at determining whether the 987P fimbriae expressed by serovar Typhimurium chi4550 (cya crp asd) could be used as carriers of foreign epitopes. For this, the vaccine strain was genetically engineered to express chimeric fimbriae carrying the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) C (379-388) and A (521-531) epitopes of the spike protein inserted into the 987P major fimbrial subunit FasA. BALB/c mice administered orally serovar Typhimurium chi4550 expressing the chimeric fimbriae from the tet promoter in pCS154 (fas(+) asd(+)) produced systemic antibodies against both fimbria and the TGEV C epitope but not against the TGEV A epitope. To improve the immunogenicity of the chimeric fimbriae, the in vivo inducible nirB promoter was inserted into pCS154, upstream of the fas genes, to create pCS155. In comparison with the previously used vaccine, BALB/c mice immunized orally with serovar Typhimurium chi4550/pCS155 demonstrated significantly higher levels of serum IgG and mucosal IgA against 987P fimbria. Moreover, mucosal IgA against the TGEV C epitope was only detected with serovar Typhimurium chi4550/pCS155. The induced antibodies also recognized the epitopes in the context of the full-length TGEV spike protein. Hence, immune responses to heterologous chimeric fimbriae on Salmonella vaccine vectors can be optimized by using promoters known to be activated in vivo.
Loss of heterozygosity for the short arm of chromosome 1 in human neuroblastomas: correlation with N-myc amplification. (1989)

Partial monosomy of the short arm of chromosome 1 is the most consistent cytogenetic abnormality found in human neuroblastomas, but its overall frequency and significance are unclear. Using a panel of chromosome-1-specific DNA probes that identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms, we demonstrate that 13 of 47 human neuroblastomas (28%) have somatic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at one or more loci on the distal short arm of chromosome 1. the chromosomal region that shows LOH most consistently is between 1p36.1 and 1p36.3; loss of a gene or genes in this region may be critical for the development or progression of neuroblastomas. The region of LOH in human neuroblastoma may resemble that described for pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and melanoma, which are also tumors of neural-crest origin. Although LOH for distal chromosome 1p can occur in early stages of neuroblastoma, the loss usually occurs in tumors of advanced clinical stages. LOH for the short arm of chromosome 1 correlates significantly with N-myc amplification, suggesting that these two genetic events are related. Indeed, these two lesions appear to characterize a genetically distinct subset of particularly aggressive neuroblastomas.
Continuous-wave wavelength conversion in a photonic crystal fiber with two zero-dispersion wavelengths: erratum (2005)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Detailed Comparative Analysis of the Catalytic Mechanisms of β-<i>N</i>-Acetylglucosaminidases from Families 3 and 20 of Glycoside Hydrolases (2005)

Beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases are commonly occurring enzymes involved in the degradation of polysaccharides and glycoconjugates containing N-acetylglucosamine residues. Such enzymes have been classified into glycoside hydrolase families 3 and 20 and are believed to follow distinct chemical mechanisms. Family 3 enzymes are thought to follow a standard retaining mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl enzyme intermediate while family 20 enzymes carry out a substrate-assisted mechanism involving the transient formation of an enzyme-sequestered oxazoline or oxazolinium ion intermediate. Detailed mechanistic analysis of representatives of these two families provides support for these mechanisms as well as detailed insights into transition state structure. Alpha-secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effects of kH/kD = 1.07 and 1.10 for Streptomyces plicatus beta-hexosaminidase (SpHex) and Vibrio furnisii beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ExoII) respectively indicate transition states with oxocarbenium ion character in each case. Brønsted plots for hydrolysis of a series of aryl hexosaminides are quite different in the two cases. For SpHex a large degree of proton donation is suggested by the relatively low value of beta(lg) (-0.29) on kcat/Km, compared with a beta(lg) of -0.79 for ExoII. Most significantly the Taft plots derived from kinetic parameters for a series of p-nitrophenyl N-acyl glucosaminides bearing differing levels of fluorine substitution in the N-acyl group are completely different. A very strong dependence (slope = -1.29) is seen for SpHex, indicating direct nucleophilic participation by the acetamide, while essentially no dependence (0.07) is seen for ExoII, suggesting that the acetamide plays purely a binding role. Taken together these data provide unprecedented insight into enzymatic glycosyl transfer mechanisms wherein the structures of both the nucleophile and the leaving group are systematically varied.
Effects of the Foliar Application of Magnesium and Zinc on the Yield and Quality of Three Grape Cultivars Grown in the Calcareous Soils of Iran (2010)

A completely randomized factorial block designed experiment was carried out at Maragheh region during 2007-2008 to evaluate the effects of the foliar applications of magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) on the yield and quality of three grape cultivars. Factor one included three levels of Mg (0, 0.40 and 0.80% MgSO4 x H2O); Factor two consisted of three levels of Zn (0, 0.20 and 0.40% ZnSO4.7H2O); and factor three involved three cultivars of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) namely Sahebi, Soltani and Ghezel. The foliar applications were carried out in two stages, namely, during the enlargement of flower buds and three weeks after the flower petals dropped (late spring). Yield and quality characteristics such as total soluble solids (TSS), juice, pH and acidity were determined. The statistical analyses were performed using MSTATC software and Duncan tests. The analysis of variance demonstrated that the main effects of Mg, Zn and cultivars on yield were statistically significant at 1% level; and the interactive effects of the foliar application of Mg and Zn on the yield were significant at 5% level. The highest yield was obtained with the combined foliar applications of Mg and Zn-fertilizers. Ghezel variety produced the highest yield of 47.11 tons ha-1 among the three cultivars. The main effects of Mg and Zn foliar application as well as of cultivars were significant. TSS contents were significant at 1% level. The highest pH values were obtained with the foliar application of Mg sulfate at 0.80% and Zn sulfate at 0.40%. Likewise, the main effects of foliar application of Mg and Zn were significant at 1% level in the lowering of juice acidity and K/Mg ratio. Foliar application did not decrease the K/Mg ratio to the desirable level, however in the deficient soils, foliar application was not enough. It means in additional of foliar application, soil application is also necessary for obtaining desirable grape yield and quality.
Amino acid functionalisation of water soluble carbon nanotubes (2002)

High solubility of SWNTs and MWNTs in water is obtained by organic functionalisation; derivatisation with N-protected glycine is also easily achieved.