gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AMG 701 induces cytotoxicity of multiple myeloma cells and depletes plasma cells in cynomolgus monkeys (2020)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy that is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow (BM). Patient outcome may be improved with BiTE (bispecific T-cell engager) molecules, which redirect T cells to lyse tumor cells. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) supports PC survival and is highly expressed on MM cells. A half-life extended anti-BCMA BiTE molecule (AMG 701) induced selective cytotoxicity against BCMA-expressing MM cells (average half-maximal effective concentration, 18.8 ± 14.8 pM), T-cell activation, and cytokine release in vitro. In a subcutaneous mouse xenograft model, at all doses tested, AMG 701 completely inhibited tumor formation (P < .001), as well as inhibited growth of established tumors (P ≤ .001) and extended survival in an orthotopic MM model (P ≤ .01). To evaluate AMG 701 bioactivity in cynomolgus monkeys, a PC surface phenotype and specific genes were defined to enable a quantitative digital droplet polymerase chain reaction assay (sensitivity, 0.1%). Dose-dependent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior was observed, with depletion of PC-specific genes reaching 93% in blood and 85% in BM. Combination with a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-blocking antibody significantly increased AMG 701 potency in vitro. A model of AMG 701 binding to BCMA and CD3 indicates that the distance between the T-cell and target cell membranes (ie, the immunological synapse) is similar to that of the major histocompatibility complex class I molecule binding to a T-cell receptor and suggests that the synapse would not be disrupted by the half-life extending Fc domain. These data support the clinical development of AMG 701.
In-Situ Chemical Oxidation of Trichloroethylene Using Hydrogen Peroxide (1995)

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of injecting and mixing hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) solutions into clay soils contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) to achieve in-situ chemical oxidation. Bench-scale slurry studies were conducted first using 0.3 L slurry reactors and TCE concentrations in the 1.9 to 34 mg/kg range. TCE reductions as high as 98% of the initial concentration were achieved with a H 2 O 2 dose of 28 g H 2 O 2 /kg soil. TCE degradation increased with increasing hydrogen peroxide strength and appeared independent of the initial TCE concentration. Column studies were conducted with an apparatus fabricated to simulate in-situ mixing and chemical oxidant injection. Stainless steel columns 20 cm in diameter and 23 cm long, which were packed with clay soil, were mixed with an auger blade while H 2 O 2 solutions were injected through orifices at the back of the mixing blade. The H 2 O 2 doses for the column studies were 1.2 and 2.5 g H 2 O 2 /kg soil, based on an injection concentration of 5% weight H 2 O 2 at volumetric additions of 5% and 10% of the soil volume treated. TCE reductions of 88% and 75% were achieved at the two dosing rates. Based on the results of these laboratory studies, in-situ chemical oxidation of contaminated soils appears to be a viable soil remediation technique that is dependent on the efficient delivery and distribution of H 2 O 2 throughout the region to be treated.
Carbon Sequestration and Contribution of CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes to Global Warming Potential from Paddy-Fallow Fields on Mineral Soil Beneath Peat in Central Hokkaido, Japan (2019)

Since each greenhouse gas (GHG) has its own radiative capacity, all three gasses (CO2, CH4 and N2O) must be accounted for by calculating the net global warming potential (GWP) in a crop production system. To compare the impact of GHG fluxes from the rice growing and the fallow season on the annual gas fluxes, and their contribution to the GWP and carbon sequestration (CS) were evaluated. From May to April in Bibai (43°18′ N, 141°44′ E), in central Hokkaido, Japan, three rice paddy fields under actual management conditions were investigated to determine CS and the contribution of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes to GWP. Methane and N2O fluxes were measured by placing the chamber over the rice plants covering four hills and CO2 fluxes from rice plants root free space in paddy fields were taken as an indicator of soil microbial respiration (Rm) using the closed chamber method. Soil CS was calculated as the difference between net primary production (NPP) and loss of carbon (C) through Rm, emission of CH4 and harvest of crop C. Annual cumulative Rm ranged from 422 to 519 g C m−2 yr−1; which accounted for 54.7 to 55.5% of the rice growing season in particular. Annual cumulative CH4 emissions ranged from 75.5 to 116 g C m−2 yr−1 and this contribution occurred entirely during the rice growing period. Total cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 0.091 to 0.154 g N m−2 yr−1 and from 73.5 to 81.3% of the total N2O emissions recorded during the winter-fallow season. The CS ranged from −305 to −365 g C m−2 yr−1, suggesting that C input by NPP may not be compensate for the loss of soil C. The loss of C in the winter-fallow season was much higher (62 to 66%) than in the growing season. The annual net GWP from the investigated paddy fields ranged from 3823 to 5016 g CO2 equivalent m−2 yr−1. Annual GWPCH4 accounted for 71.9 to 86.1% of the annual net GWP predominantly from the rice growing period. These results indicate that CH4 dominated the net GWP of the rice paddy.
1987 Changes to Lump Sum Payment Provisions in the Montana Workers' Compensation Act (1989)

1987 Changes to Lump Sum Payment Provisions in the Montana Workers' Compensation Act
LDPC decoding using multiple representations (2003)

For a particular block code, a multitude of different parity check matrices could be chosen to represent the code constraints. We demonstrate that belief propagation decoders based on different parity check matrices often respond in different ways, and that for a given complexity, it may be preferable to use several decoders for fewer iterations, than to run a single decoder for many iterations. We also propose some additional decoder architectures that use multiple representations of the parity constraints.
Decreased expression of STING predicts poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (2017)

STING (stimulator of interferon genes) has recently been found to play an important role in host defenses against virus and intracellular bacteria via the regulation of type-I IFN signaling and innate immunity. Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is identified as the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer. Thus, we aim to explore the function of STING signaling in the development of gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect STING expression in 217 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical resection. STING protein expression was remarkably decreased in tumor tissues compared to non-tumor tissues, and low STING staining intensity was positively correlated with tumor size, tumor invasion depth, lymph mode metastasis, TNM stage, and reduced patients' survival. Multivariate analysis identified STING as an independent prognostic factor, which could improve the predictive accuracy for overall survival when incorporated into TNM staging system. In vitro studies revealed that knock-down of STING promoted colony formation, viability, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and also led to a defect in cytosolic DNA sensing. Besides, chronic H. pylori infection up-regulated STING expression and activated STING signaling in mice. In conclusion, STING was proposed as a novel independent prognostic factor and potential immunotherapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Variable-radix integrated counter (1966)

The simplicity of a binary-counter circuit previously described has made possible the manufacture of a fully variable divide-by-8 counter as a monolithic silicon integrated circuit. The different count ratios of 2–8 are achieved by the selective interconnection of four leads of the 10-lead package in which the circuit is encapsulated. This letter describes the circuit and explains its operating principle, which is widely applicable in counter–divider systems.
Mouse Behavioral Assays Relevant to the Symptoms of Autism* (2007)

While the cause of autism remains unknown, the high concordance between monozygotic twins supports a strong genetic component. The importance of genetic factors in autism encourages the development of mutant mouse models, to advance our understanding of biological mechanisms underlying autistic behaviors. Mouse models of human neuropsychiatric diseases are designed to optimize (i) face validity (resemblance to the human symptoms) (ii) construct validity (similarity to the underlying causes of the disease) and (iii) predictive validity (expected responses to treatments that are effective in the human disease). There is a growing need for mouse behavioral tasks with all three types of validity, to define robust phenotypes in mouse models of autism. Ideal mouse models will incorporate analogies to the three diagnostic symptoms of autism: abnormal social interactions, deficits in communication and high levels of repetitive behaviors. Social approach is tested in an automated three chambered apparatus that offers the subject a choice between spending time with another mouse, with a novel object, or remaining in an empty familiar environment. Reciprocal social interaction is scored from videotapes of interactions between pairs of unfamiliar mice. Communication is evaluated by measuring emission and responses to vocalizations and olfactory cues. Repetitive behaviors are scored for measures of grooming, jumping, or stereotyped sniffing of one location or object. Insistence on sameness is modeled by scoring a change in habit, for example, reversal of the spatial location of a reinforcer in the Morris water maze or T-maze. Associated features of autism, for example, mouse phenotypes relevant to anxiety, seizures, sleep disturbances and sensory hypersensitivity, may be useful to include in a mouse model that meets some of the core diagnostic criteria. Applications of these assays include (i) behavioral phenotyping of transgenic and knockout mice with mutations in genes relevant to autism; (ii) characterization of inbred strains of mice; (iii) evaluation of environmental toxins; (iv) comparison of behavioral phenotypes with genetic factors, such as unusual expression patterns of genes or unusual single nucleotide polymorphisms; and (v) evaluation of proposed therapeutics for the treatment of autism.
Model-Based Matching by Linear Combinations of Prototypes (1996)

We describe a flexible model similar to (Vetter and Poggio, 1993, 1995 and Jones and Poggio, 1995) for representing images of objects of a certain class, known a priori, suchas faces, and introduce a new algorithm for matching it to a novel image and thereby perform image analysis. The flexible model is learned from example images (called prototypes) of objects of a class. In the learning phase, pixelwise correspondences between a reference prototype and each of the other prototypes are first computed and then used to obtain the shape and texture vectors corresponding to each prototype. The flexible model is then synthesized as a linear combination that spans the linear vector space determined by the prototypical shapes and textures. In this paper weintroduce an effectivestochastic gradient descent algorithm that automatically matches a model to a novel image by finding the parameters that minimize the error between the image generated by the model and the novel image. Several experiments demonstrate the robustness and the broad range of applicability of the matching algorithm and the underlying flexible model. Our approach can provide novel solutions to several vision tasks, including the computation of image correspondence, object verification, image synthesis and image compression.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosized ZnS Confined in Ordered Mesoporous Silica (2001)

Nanosized ZnS has been prepared inside MCM-41 hosts by two related schemes, both of which are derived from surface modification methods. The ZnS-containing MCM-41 samples with and without the functional groups (ethylenediamine groups in this case) were designated as ZnS−ED−MCM-41 and ZnS−MCM-41(cal), respectively. The ZnS−MCM-41 composites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopy, energy disperse spectra, N2 adsorption−desorption isotherms, UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectra, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The ZnS was mainly formed and retained in the channels of the MCM-41 host, and its growth was controlled by the channels. In contrast, the amount of ZnS on the external surface is much smaller. The existence of ZnS inside the MCM-41 hosts resulted in a considerable decrease in surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume, and a massive blue shift in the UV−vis spectra was observed. In comparison with the ZnS−MCM-41(cal) sample, a dramatic increase in PL emission for the ZnS−ED−MCM-41 sample was observed, which was suggested to arise from a strong interaction between the ZnS clusters and the organic component. The nature of the PL spectra has been tentatively attributed to the sulfur vacancies in the present experiment. Finally, the synthesis of other sulfides, such as CdS and CuS clusters, has also been explored inside the channels of the MCM-41 host.
Vortex dynamics in a type-II superconducting film and complex linear-response functions (1992)

The dynamics of interacting vortices in a type-II superconducting film responding to a distribution of currents parallel to the film is investigated. The nonlocality of vortex interactions is taken into account by use of an expansion in normal modes of the flux-line lattice and a wave-vector-dependent dynamical matrix. The theory is applied to obtain linear response functions including the complex mutual inductance and film impedance. For a particular geometry of driving current and pickup coil, the complex mutual inductance is calculated and it is shown that only longitudinal modes contribute to the measurable change in flux when pinning is absent or when it is represented as a linear restoring force acting the same way on each vortex. The configuration so described provides a sensitive means of studying vortex dynamics.
Stereoselective Polymerization of α-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides with Nickel dl-Methylbutyrate-Tri-n-butylphosphine Catalyst System (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective Polymerization of α-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides with Nickel dl-Methylbutyrate-Tri-n-butylphosphine Catalyst SystemShinsuke Yamashita, Keiichi Waki, Naokuni Yamawski, and Hisaya TaniCite this: Macromolecules 1974, 7, 4, 410–415Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60040a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60040a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stochastic Analysis of Electrostatic MEMS Subjected to Parameter Variations (2009)

This paper presents an efficient stochastic framework for quantifying the effect of stochastic variations in various design parameters such as material properties, geometrical features, and/or operating conditions on the performance of electrostatic microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. The stochastic framework treats uncertainty as a separate dimension, in addition to space and time, and seeks to approximate the stochastic dependent variables using sparse grid interpolation in the multidimensional random space. This approach can be effectively used to compute important information, such as moments (mean and variance), failure probabilities, and sensitivities with respect to design variables, regarding relevant quantities of interest. The approach is straightforward to implement and, depending on the accuracy required, can be orders of magnitude faster than the traditional Monte Carlo method. We consider two examples-MEMS switch and resonator-and employ the proposed approach to study the effect of uncertain Young's modulus and various geometrical parameters, such as dimensions of electrodes and gap between microstructures, on relevant quantities of interest such as actuation behavior, resonant frequency, and quality factor. It is demonstrated that, in addition to computing the required statistics and probability density function, the proposed approach effectively identifies critical design parameters, which can then be controlled during fabrication, in order to improve device performance and reliability.
Experimental hyperthermic isolation-perfusion using cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). (1983)

The intent of this study was to determine whether or not local control and/or cure of rabbits bearing the VX-2 carcinoma could be achieved with regional hyperthermia and chemotherapy. A model of isolation-perfusion used cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP). Five different experimental groups were studied, each group receiving progressively smaller tumor inocula and shorter treatment intervals. Although local control and cure improved as the tumor inocula became smaller and treatment interval became shorter, there was no benefit demonstrated when compared to sham-operated animals. DDP appeared to be well tolerated in animals perfused as normothermic temperatures. However, animals perfused at hyperthermic temperature with DDP experienced necrosis of normal as well as neoplastic tissue, resulting in early demise of the animal. This final observation suggests that the amount of DDP utilized in clinical isolation-perfusion should be approached with caution.
Formate as the Main Branch Point for Methylotrophic Metabolism in <i>Methylobacterium extorquens</i> AM1 (2008)

In serine cycle methylotrophs, methylene tetrahydrofolate (H4F) is the entry point of reduced one-carbon compounds into the serine cycle for carbon assimilation during methylotrophic metabolism. In these bacteria, two routes are possible for generating methylene H4F from formaldehyde during methylotrophic growth: one involving the reaction of formaldehyde with H4F to generate methylene H4F and the other involving conversion of formaldehyde to formate via methylene tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent enzymes and conversion of formate to methylene H4F via H4F-dependent enzymes. Evidence has suggested that the direct condensation reaction is the main source of methylene H4F during methylotrophic metabolism. However, mutants lacking enzymes that interconvert methylene H4F and formate are unable to grow on methanol, suggesting that this route for methylene H4F synthesis should have a significant role in biomass production during methylotrophic metabolism. This problem was investigated in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1. Evidence was obtained suggesting that the existing deuterium assay might overestimate the flux through the direct condensation reaction. To test this possibility, it was shown that only minor assimilation into biomass occurred in mutants lacking the methylene H4F synthesis pathway through formate. These results suggested that the methylene H4F synthesis pathway through formate dominates assimilatory flux. A revised kinetic model was used to validate this possibility, showing that physiologically plausible parameters in this model can account for the metabolic fluxes observed in vivo. These results all support the suggestion that formate, not formaldehyde, is the main branch point for methylotrophic metabolism in M. extorquens AM1.
Yohimbine: The Effects on Body Composition and Exercise Performance in Soccer Players (2006)

The main aim of this study was to determine the effects of yohimbine supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in professional soccer players. The athletes (20 top-level male soccer players) were allocated to two randomly assigned trials. Subjects in the yohimbine group orally ingested tablets that contains yohimbine at a dose of 20 milligrams per day in two equal doses for 21 days. Subjects in the placebo group ingested an equal number of identical-looking pills that contained cellulose. There were no statistically significant changes in body mass and muscle mass within or between trials (p > 0.05) after the supplementation protocol. Percentage of body fat significantly decreased in the yohimbine group after the supplementation protocol (9.3 +/- 1.1 vs. 7.1 +/- 2.2%; p < 0.05). Furthermore, fat mass was significantly lower in the yohimbine versus placebo trial at postsupplementation assessment (7.1 +/- 2.2 vs. 9.2 +/- 1.9%; p < 0.05). There were no changes in exercise performance indicators (bench and leg press, vertical jump, dribble and power test results, shuttle run) within or between. trials (p > 0.05). No subject reported any side effects from yohimbine. The results of the current study indicate that supplementation with yohimbine combined with resistance training does not significantly alter the body mass, muscle mass, or performance indicators in professional soccer players. Nonetheless, yohimbine supplementation appears to be suitable as a fat loss strategy in elite athletes.
Penetration Resistance of B4C-CaB6 Based Light-weight Armor Materials (2013)

This paper investigates resistance to hypervelocity penetration of one new ceramic composite of B4C-CaB6 system with significantly improved strength characteristics and its correlation to hardness measurements and structure state. Tendency to breakage and fragmentation of CaB6 in a contact loading zone under indenter facilitates formation of a core from fractured and powdered material, the densification of which during penetration leads to high penetration work and high resistance against penetration. Penetration resistance for each from 3 selected ceramic compositions and different B4C ceramic with porosity up to 30% were calculated and used for a direct analysis of influence of the basic properties of a composite on the penetration resistance. Different components of penetration resistance were estimated and compared for compositions with different mechanical properties and structure. The analysis of influence of free carbon in B4C-CaB6 system on formation of its properties was performed in relation to its hardness and penetration resistance. Sintered ceramic has extremely high macrohardness (HVP=200N, 300N ~ 25 GPa) and, correspondingly, resistance to hypervelocity penetration, and is promising for application as an armour material.