gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Intramuscular Artesunate and Artemether in Patients with Severe Falciparum Malaria (2004)

The first-dose pharmacokinetic properties of intramuscular (i.m.) artesunate (ARTS; 2.4 mg/kg immediately [stat], followed by 1.2 mg/kg i.m. daily) and artemether (ARM; 3.2 mg/kg i.m. stat, followed by 1.6 mg/kg i.m. daily) were compared in Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum malaria. A total of 19 patients were studied; 9 received ARTS, and 10 received ARM. ARTS was absorbed very rapidly; concentrations in plasma peaked between 1,362 and 8,388 nmol/liter (median, 5,710 nmol/liter) within 20 min of injection and then declined with a median (range) half-life (t(1/2)) of 30 (3 to 67) min. ARTS was hydrolyzed rapidly and completely to the biologically active metabolite dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Peak DHA concentrations in plasma ranged between 1,718 and 7,080 nmol/liter (median, 3,060 nmol/liter) and declined with a t(1/2) of 52 (26 to 69) min. In contrast, ARM was slowly and erratically absorbed. The absorption profile appeared biphasic. Maximum ARM concentrations in plasma ranged between 67 nmol/liter (a value close to the 50% inhibitory concentration for some Plasmodium falciparum isolates) and 1,631 nmol/liter (median, 574 nmol/liter) and occurred at a median (range) of 10 (1.5 to 24) h. There was relatively little conversion to DHA. After i.m. injection in cases of severe malaria, absorption of the water-soluble ARTS is rapid and extensive, whereas the oil-based ARM is slowly and erratically absorbed, with relatively little conversion to the more active DHA. On the basis of this pharmacological study, parenteral ARTS is preferable to ARM as an initial antimalarial therapy, particularly in the most seriously ill patients. These findings should be formally assessed by a randomized clinical trial.
Automated Audit of Compliance and Security Controls (2011)

This paper gives an overview of the existing standards to describe security content. We discuss the challenges security organizations are facing and present approaches for automation of security checks. The OVAL and XCCDF languages are examined in greater detail and an example for their use is given. We describe use cases for these languages and explain the benefits of their deployment.
Zinc finger-like motifs in rat ribosomal proteins S27 and S29 (1993)

The primary structures of the rat 40S ribosomal subunit proteins S27 and S29 were deduced from the sequences of nucleotides in recombinant cDNAs and confirmed by determination of amino acid sequences in the proteins. Ribosomal protein S27 has 83 amino acids and the molecular weight is 9,339. Hybridization of cDNA to digests of nuclear DNA suggests that there are 4-6 copies of the S27 gene; the mRNA for the protein is about 620 nucleotides in length. Ribosomal protein S29 has 55 amino acids and the molecular weight is 6,541. There are 14-17 copies of the S29 gene and its mRNA is about 500 nucleotides in length. Rat ribosomal protein S29 is related to several members of the archaebacterial and eubacterial S14 family of ribosomal proteins. S27 and S29 have zinc finger-like motifs as do other proteins from eukaryotic, archaebacterial, eubacterial, and mitochondrial ribosomes. Moreover, ribosomes and ribosomal subunits appear to contain zinc and iron as well.
Postnatal evolution of slow variability in cerebral blood flow velocity. (1992)

The evolution of low frequency variability in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) was examined in 30 consecutive admissions of very low birthweight babies. Measurement of CBFV was made on the first day of life and at weekly intervals until discharge. Altogether 133 recordings were subjected to visual classification and described as showing presence or absence of variability at a frequency between 1 and 5/minute. Amplitude of variability was expressed as the largest variation in peak systolic velocity as a percentage of the maximum systolic change. Slow variability was usually obvious and was sometimes present for only part of the minute recorded. There was a significant trend for decreased incidence of slow variability in relation to both postconceptional and postnatal ages. Amplitude of slow variability was also damped with increasing age. Slow variability appeared to be unrelated to the type of sedation, severity of illness, or intracranial pathology; it may be a normal phenomenon in which damping occurs as the autonomic nervous system matures.
Animal models of sepsis: Why does preclinical efficacy fail to translate to the clinical setting? (2008)

Animal models of sepsis are still too heterogeneous with regard to type of insult, duration, and supportive therapy to be regarded as representative of the human condition. Using standardized animal models may eliminate some of the differences between animal and human studies, allowing a greater degree of translation.
Structure of Pit-1 POU domain bound to DNA as a dimer: unexpected arrangement and flexibility. (1997)

Pit-1, a member of the POU domain family of transcription factors, characterized by a bipartite DNA-binding domain, serves critical developmental functions based on binding to diverse DNA elements in its target genes. Here we report a high resolution X-ray analysis of the Pit-1 POU domain bound to a DNA element as a homodimer. This analysis reveals that Pit-1 subdomains bind to perpendicular faces of the DNA, rather than opposite faces of the DNA as in Oct-1. This is accomplished by different spacing and orientation of the POU-specific domain. Contrary to previous predictions, the dimerization interface involves the carboxyl terminus of the DNA recognition helix of the homeodomain, which in an extended conformation interacts with specific residues at the amino terminus of helix alpha1 and in the loop between helices alpha3 and alpha4 of the POU-specific domain of the symmetry related monomer. These features suggest the molecular basis of disease-causing mutations in Pit-1 and provide potential basis for the flexible allostery between protein domains and DNA sites in the activation of target genes.
HEMOSTASIS WITH ABSORBABLE GAUZE (1944)

Frantz, Virginia Kneeland M.D.; Clarke, Hans T. D.Sc; Lattes, Raffaele M.D. Author Information
A new algorithm and its implementation for frame recompression (2001)

An algorithm and its implementation to recompress video frame data, which is to be stored into external memory, are proposed, thereby enabling reduction of memory requirements and bandwidth. To support random access capability, frames are organized as 1/spl times/8-pixel arrays, which are then compressed into 32-bit segments. The compression ratio is fixed at 50%. For both compression efficiency and low complexity, the modified Hadamard transform (MHT) and Golomb-Rice (GR) coding are utilized. Objective and subjective video quality assessments are performed. Efficient hardware designs including Golomb-Rice encoding/decoding and packing/unpacking are also proposed to reduce the total compression/decompression latency cycles. The proposed hardware designs are suitable for the integration with MPEG-2 decoders thanks to fast operation and simple interface logic.
Daclatasvir with sofosbuvir and ribavirin for hepatitis C virus infection with advanced cirrhosis or post‐liver transplantation recurrence (2016)

The pan-genotypic combination of daclatasvir, sofosbuvir, and ribavirin was safe and well tolerated. High SVR rates across multiple HCV genotypes were achieved by patients with post-liver transplantation recurrence or advanced cirrhosis.
Contaminated groundwater remediation design using simulation, optimization, and sensitivity theory: 1. Model development (1988)

The problem of designing contaminated groundwater remediation systems using hydraulic control is addressed. Two nonlinear optimization formulations are proposed which model the design process for the location and pump rates of injection and extraction wells in an aquifer cleanup system. The formulations are designed to find a pumping system which (1) removes the most contaminant over a fixed time period and (2) reduces contaminant concentration to specified levels by the end of a fixed time period at least cost. The formulations employ a two‐dimensional Galerkin finite element simulation model of steady state groundwater flow and transient convective‐dispersive transport. To make the optimization problems computationally tractable sensitivity theory is used to derive a general relationship for computing the derivatives of an arbitrary function of the simulation outputs with respect to model inputs. This relationship is then applied to the convective‐dispersive transport equation.
Design Strategies for Enhanced Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Catalysts (2014)

Abstract Dual hydrogen‐bond donor (HBD) scaffolds can be strategically designed to enable their optimal performance as catalysts. The deliberate installation of activating groups on HBDs containing conventional functionalities, such as ureas and thioureas, has emerged as one fruitful direction in the identification of catalysts with enhanced activity and improved stereocontrol. Alternatively, new families of HBDs based on structurally unique, inherently more acidic functional groups, such as squaramide and aminopyridinium systems, have proven advantageous over conventional HBD catalysts in select processes. The appropriate incorporation of activating design elements into HBD catalyst frameworks is currently determined empirically and dictated by the specific process under development; each individual reaction benefits from tuning of the HBD catalyst acidity, steric environment, and/or electronic environment. This review presents recent design elements integrated into dual HBD catalyst scaffolds and their influence on HBD catalyst performance.
Luminescent, Redox-Active Diphenothiazine Dumbbells Expanded by Conjugated Arenes and Heteroarenes (2010)

Dumbbell-shaped diphenothiazines bridged by conjugatively linked (hetero)aromatic moieties were synthesized in a modular fashion by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling in good yields. The electronic structure was studied by DFT computations, determining the geometry optimized lowest energy conformers and scrutinizing the Kohn-Sham FMOs. The torsional deviation from coplanarity is predominantly influencing the electronic structure, i.e., by deviation from ideal overlap and maximal electron transmission. The reversible oxidation potentials assigned to the phenothiazinyl electrophores in most cases can thereby be qualitatively rationalized. All dumbbell-shaped diphenothiazines are strongly luminescent, which can be attributed to extended π-electron conjugation with considerable excited state electronic coupling as a consequence of large structural and electronic distributional changes upon photoexcitation.
An overview of the IGC Internal Tin Nb&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;Sn conductor (1985)

We discuss the current state of the art in the IGC Internal Tin Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn process which routinely is delivering current densities greater than 1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> A/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 10 Tesla. We focus especially on the conductors suitability for high current density applications such as High Energy Physics and small magnets. Projections are also made as to its suitability for high field applications such as in Fusion. A discussion of the manufacturing process is given with comparisons made to other accepted Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn processes and NbTi. Superconductor characteristics such as filament quality and Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn phase uniformity are compared to those obtained in conventional bronze process.
Novel CO<sub>2</sub> Electrochemical Reduction to Methanol for H<sub>2</sub> Storage (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNovel CO2 Electrochemical Reduction to Methanol for H2 StorageTakeshi Kobayashi and Hiroshi TakahashiView Author Information Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan Cite this: Energy Fuels 2004, 18, 1, 285–286Publication Date (Web):November 20, 2003Publication History Received29 May 2003Revised30 September 2003Published online20 November 2003Published inissue 1 January 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef030121vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ef030121vrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1929Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Catalysts,Electrochemical cells,Electrodes,Electrolysis Get e-Alerts
Divergent Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Pathways in <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species Constitute a Drug Target for Treating Infections in Companion Animals (2016)

<i>Staphylococcus</i> species are a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections in humans and animals, and the antibiotics used to treat these infections are often the same. Methicillin- and multidrug-resistant staphylococcal infections are becoming more common in human and veterinary medicine. From a "One Health" perspective, this overlap in antibiotic use and resistance raises concerns over the potential spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis revealed that <i>Staphylococcus</i> species use divergent pathways to synthesize isoprenoids. Species frequently associated with skin and soft tissue infections in companion animals, including <i>S. schleiferi</i> and <i>S. pseudintermedius</i>, use the nonmevalonate pathway. In contrast, <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i>, and <i>S. lugdunensis</i> use the mevalonate pathway. The antibiotic fosmidomycin, an inhibitor of the nonmevalonate pathway, was effective in killing canine clinical staphylococcal isolates but had no effect on the growth or survival of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i>. These data identify an essential metabolic pathway in <i>Staphylococcus</i> that differs among members of this genus and suggest that drugs such as fosmidomycin, which targets enzymes in the nonmevalonate pathway, may be an effective treatment for certain staphylococcal infections. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Drug-resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> species are a major concern in human and veterinary medicine. There is a need for new antibiotics that exhibit a selective effect in treating infections in companion and livestock animals and that would not be used to treat human bacterial infections. We have identified fosmidomycin as an antibiotic that selectively targets certain <i>Staphylococcus</i> species that are often encountered in skin infections in cats and dogs. These findings expand our understanding of <i>Staphylococcus</i> evolution and may have direct implications for treating staphylococcal infections in veterinary medicine.
Protruding Vulva Mutants Identify Novel Loci and Wnt Signaling Factors That Function During <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Vulva Development (2000)

The Caenorhabditis elegans vulva develops from the progeny of three vulval precursor cells (VPCs) induced to divide and differentiate by a signal from the somatic gonad. Evolutionarily conserved Ras and Notch extracellular signaling pathways are known to function during this process. To identify novel loci acting in vulval development, we carried out a genetic screen for mutants having a protruding-vulva (Pvl) mutant phenotype. Here we report the initial genetic characterization of several novel loci: bar-1, pvl-4, pvl-5, and pvl-6. In addition, on the basis of their Pvl phenotypes, we show that the previously identified genes lin-26, mom-3/mig-14, egl-18, and sem-4 also function during vulval development. Our characterization indicates that (1) pvl-4 and pvl-5 are required for generation/survival of the VPCs; (2) bar-1, mom-3/mig-14, egl-18, and sem-4 play a role in VPC fate specification; (3) lin-26 is required for proper VPC fate execution; and (4) pvl-6 acts during vulval morphogenesis. In addition, two of these genes, bar-1 and mom-3/mig-14, are known to function in processes regulated by Wnt signaling, suggesting that a Wnt signaling pathway is acting during vulval development.
Elephant tracks (2013)

We present Elephant Tracks (ET), a dynamic program analysis tool for Java that produces detailed traces of garbage collection-related events, including object allocations, object deaths, and pointer updates. Like prior work, our tracing tool is based on the Merlin algorithm [6,7], but offers several substantial new capabilities. First, it is much more precise than previous tools: it traces method entries and exits and measures time in terms of them, allowing it to place events precisely in the context of the program structure. Second, it is implemented using a combination of JVM Tool Interface (JVMTI)[13] callbacks and bytecode rewriting, and works with any standard JVM. Finally, it produces complete traces, including weak references, events from the Java Native Interface and sun.misc.Unsafe, and VM start up objects. In this paper we also explore the general design space of tracing tools, and carefully define the execution model that the traces represent.
Increased expression of laminin-5 and its prognostic significance in lung adenocarcinomas of small size (2001)

The authors' results showed that laminin-5 is frequently expressed by cancer cells at the invasive front of lung adenocarcinoma. The study concluded that overexpression of laminin-5 may be a useful prognostic factor in patients with small-sized lung adenocarcinoma, especially in Stage I cases.
Ischemia/Reperfusion Accelerates the Outgrowth of Hepatic Micrometastases in a Highly Standardized Murine Model * (2005)

Mortality in colorectal cancer is associated with the development of liver metastases. Surgical removal of these tumors is the only hope for cure, but recurrence is common. During liver surgery, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) often occurs as a result of hemorrhage or vascular clamping. Although the adverse effects of I/R on postoperative liver function are well documented, the influence of I/R on the outgrowth of residual micrometastases is unknown. We used a highly standardized mouse model of partial hepatic I/R to study the effects of I/R on the outgrowth of preestablished colorectal micrometastases. Five days following intrasplenic injection of C26 colon carcinoma cells, the vascular structures of the left lobe were clamped for 45 minutes under hemodynamically stable conditions. Tissue glutathione, plasma liver enzymes, hepatocellular necrosis, and tumor growth were assessed over time. I/R caused oxidative stress and early liver tissue damage. The outgrowth of micrometastases in occluded liver lobes was accelerated five- to sixfold compared with nonoccluded lobes and was associated with areas of necrotic liver tissue surrounded by inflammatory cells and apoptotic hepatocytes. Accelerated tumor growth and tissue necrosis were completely prevented by occluding blood flow intermittently. In contrast, ischemic preconditioning or treatment with the antioxidants alpha-tocopherol or ascorbic acid failed to protect against late tissue necrosis and tumor growth, although early hepatocellular damage was largely prevented by these methods. In conclusion, I/R is a strong stimulus of recurrent intrahepatic tumor growth. Measures to prevent I/R-induced late tissue necrosis cross-protect against this phenomenon.
Mechanism leading to the development of pressure ulcers based on shear force and pressures during a bed operation: Influence of body types, body positions, and knee positions (2009)

Surface pressures and shear forces were measured in order to clarify the mechanism leading to the development of a pressure ulcer at five sites on the body during the operation of a bed (bed) using a device for simultaneously measuring pressure and shear force. Changes of shear force and pressure when three body types adopted different supine positions, with or without raising/bending the knees (raising the knees), were investigated and analyzed. The results are as follows: a slender body type tends to have the highest shear force at the coccygeal bone site and also has a higher surface pressure at the coccygeal and at the lateral sacral bone sites than an obese body type. On the other hand, an obese body type has a higher surface pressure at the other sites than the slender type. Shear forces at the sacrum and coccygeal bone sites can be reduced during a bed operation by raising the knees. Furthermore, shear forces can be reduced during a bed operation in a supine position by matching the body's bending points with those of the bed or by shifting the subjects 10 cm toward the head of the bed. These new findings are clinically useful in the treatment and the prevention of the onset of pressure ulcers.
Endogenous and Exogenous Nitric Oxide Protect Against Intracoronary Thrombosis and Reocclusion After Thrombolysis (1995)

Increasing NO production or giving an NO donor may inhibit platelet aggregation and delay intracoronary thrombus formation and reocclusion after thrombolysis.
JNK and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Mediate Free Fatty Acid-induced Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (2005)

Lipid infusion and high fat feeding are established causes of systemic and adipose tissue insulin resistance. In this study, we treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with a mixture of free fatty acids (FFAs) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying fat-induced insulin resistance. FFA treatment impaired insulin receptor-mediated signal transduction and decreased insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport. FFAs activated the stress/inflammatory kinases c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and IKKbeta, and the suppressor of cytokine signaling protein 3, increased secretion of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and decreased secretion of adiponectin into the medium. RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of JNK blocked JNK activation and prevented most of the FFA-induced defects in insulin action. Blockade of TNF-alpha signaling with neutralizing antibodies to TNF-alpha or its receptors or with a dominant negative TNF-alpha peptide had a partial effect to inhibit FFA-induced cellular insulin resistance. We found that JNK activation by FFAs was not inhibited by blocking TNF-alpha signaling, whereas the FFA-induced increase in TNF-alpha secretion was inhibited by RNA interference-mediated JNK knockdown. Together, these results indicate that 1) JNK can be activated by FFAs through TNF-alpha-independent mechanisms, 2) activated JNK is a major contributor to FFA-induced cellular insulin resistance, and 3) TNF-alpha is an autocrine/paracrine downstream effector of activated JNK that can also mediate insulin resistance.