gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A controlled trial of buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence (1992)

To assess the efficacy of buprenorphine for short-term maintenance/detoxification.A randomized, double-blind, parallel group study comparing buprenorphine, 8 mg/d, methadone, 60 mg/d, and methadone, 20 mg/d, in a 17-week maintenance phase followed by an 8-week detoxification phase.Outpatient facilities at the Addiction Research Center, Baltimore, Md.One hundred sixty-two volunteers seeking treatment for opioid dependence.In addition to the medication, counseling using a relapse prevention model was offered but not required.Retention time in treatment, urine samples negative for opioids, and failure to maintain abstinence.Throughout the maintenance phase, retention rates were significantly greater for buprenorphine (42%) than for methadone, 20 mg/d (20%, P less than .04); the percentage of urine samples negative for opioids was significantly greater for buprenorphine (53%, P less than .001) and methadone, 60 mg/d (44%, P less than .04), than for methadone, 20 mg/d (29%). Failure to maintain abstinence during the maintenance phase was significantly greater for methadone, 20 mg/d, than for buprenorphine (P less than .03). During the detoxification phase, no differences were observed between groups with respect to urine samples negative for opioids. For the entire 25 weeks, retention rates for buprenorphine (30%, P less than .01) and methadone, 60 mg/d (20%, P less than .05), were significantly greater than for methadone, 20 mg/d (6%). All treatments were well tolerated, with similar profiles of self-reported adverse effects. The percentages of patients who received counseling did not differ between groups.Buprenorphine was as effective as methadone, 60 mg/d, and both were superior to methadone, 20 mg/d, in reducing illicit opioid use and maintaining patients in treatment for 25 weeks.
A Cable‐Shaped Lithium Sulfur Battery (2015)

A carbon nanostructured hybrid fiber is developed by integrating mesoporous carbon and graphene oxide into aligned carbon nanotubes. This hybrid fiber is used as a 1D cathode to fabricate a new cable-shaped lithium-sulfur battery. The fiber cathode exhibits a decent specific capacity and lifespan, which makes the cable-shaped lithium-sulfur battery rank far ahead of other fiber-shaped batteries.
Fast dynamic imaging using two reference images (1996)

This paper presents a fast dynamic imaging method which is characterized by the acquisition of two high-resolution reference images and a sequence of low-resolution dynamic data sets. Image reconstruction is accomplished using a generalized series based algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that dynamic images with high temporal resolution can be obtained while maintaining excellent spatial resolution. This method will be useful for a variety of dynamic imaging applications including contrast-enhanced dynamic imaging and functional brain studies.
Predicting a set of minimal free energy RNA secondary structures common to two sequences (2005)

Dynalign can be downloaded at http://rna.urmc.rochester.edu
Complexation of Neutral Molecules by Cyclophane Hosts (1988)

Abstract Since the discovery of the crown ethers by Pedersen twenty years ago, the chemistry of synthetic hosts for the selective complexation of organic and inorganic guests has seen an extraordinarily rapid development. This article discusses in particular the contributions provided by synthetic cyclophanes as hosts to the understanding of molecular complexation of neutral organic guest molecules in aqueous and organic solvents. In aqueous solution, cyclophanes form stoichiometric complexes with neutral aromatic guests which can approach enzyme‐substrate complexes in their stability. Efficient molecular complexation is also observed in organic environments. Here, as a result of large solvation effects, the strength of complexation is strongly dependent on the nature of the organic solvent. Electron donor‐acceptor interactions can contribute significantly to the stability of complexes formed between cyclophane hosts and aromatic guests. Force‐field calculations together with computer graphics are powerful tools in the design of water‐soluble, optically active hosts for chiral recognition of complexed racemic guests. Simple and selective functionalization of the cyclophane framework leads to stable, bioorganic catalysts. Like enzymes, these catalysts bind their substrates in a rapid equilibrium prior to the reaction steps. As a perspective, some fascinating research objectives in the field of molecular recognition and catalysis which can be targeted with designed cyclophane hosts are shown.
Photoelectric method for estimating hemodynamic changes in regional cerebral tissue (1978)

A new photoelectric method for measuring hemodynamic changes in a thin layer of cerebral tissue in situ is described. The apparatus consists of a miniature lamp of 0.7 mm OD and a photodiode with a color filter having maximum light transmission at 548 nm. The lamp was chronically or acutely implanted into the brain tissue of animals as a light source, and the intensity of the light transmitted through the cerebral tissue was monitored with the photodiode from the brain surface. The intensity of the transmitted light was quantified for cerebral blood volume (CBV). The mean transit time of blood (t) was obtained from tissue hemodilution curves produced by saline injection into the carotid artery. The regional blood flow was calculated from the values of CBV and t according to the Stewart-Hamilton equation. The apparatus was shown to be stable, rapid in response, easy to operate, and to give reproducible results. Possible sources of error are discussed.
Thermal and Catalytic Processes in Petroleum Refining (2003)

This text examines the thermal and catalytic processes involved in the refining of petroleum including visbreaking, coking, pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, oligomerization, alkylation, hydrofining, hydroisomerization, hydrocracking, and catalytic reforming. It analyzes the thermodynamics, reaction mechanisms, and kinetics of each process, as well as
Effect of Al2O3 Raw Materials on Fluidity of Al2O3-Coated Graphite Powder Slurry. (2001)

Al2O3-coated graphite powder was prepared using ethyl acetoacetate aluminium diisopropoxide, aluminium tri-sec-butoxide and aluminium hydroxide lactate according to the sol-gel method. The effect of Al2O3 raw materials on fluidity of the Al2O3-coated graphite powder slurry was studied. The apparent viscosity of the Al2O3-coated graphite powder slurry depended on the selected Al2O3 raw material. The apparent viscosity of the Al2O3-coated graphite powder slurry prepared using aluminium hydroxide lactate was lower than that of other Al2O3-coated graphite powder slurries.
Clear cell sarcoma (2014)

Malignant melanoma (MM) of soft tissue, also called clear cell sarcoma (CCS) of tendons and aponeuroses, derives from the neural crest. CCS is similar morphologically to MM but has no precursor skin lesion, and instead, has a characteristic chromosomal translocation. Prognosis is related to the tumor size. Early recognition and initial radical surgery is the key to a favorable outcome. The tumor has to be differentiated from other benign and malignant lesions of the soft tissues, such as fibrosarcoma. The demonstration of melanin and a positive immunohistochemical reaction for S-100 protein and HMB-45 can assist in the differential diagnosis. We report the case of a 58-year-old woman with CCS arising from the soft tissue of her little finger.
Performance and perspectives of a gamma camera based on CdZnTe for medical imaging (2005)

Techniques and systems for a CZT gamma camera head based on an array of CZT pixels and associated front-end electronics are being developed at CEA-LETI in an exclusive joint development with Saint-Gohain Crystals and Detectors (SCCD) who in turn are commercializing the technology. In a first section, we describe the performance of a small 256 pixel (16x16) CZT imager in terms of homogeneity, energy resolution and detection efficiency. The array is composed of groups of 16 single pixels (4/spl times/4/spl times/6 mm/sup 3/ each) each group served by a 16-channel multiplexed ASIC preamplifier. The present work compares the performance (sensitivity, spatial resolution, contrast) of this small prototype imager and an Anger NaI(Tl) scintillation gamma camera using phantom images with small cold zones in a high scatter environment. In a second section, we present an approach to the next generation of this technology, a gamma camera with a segmented monolithic CZT detector associated with depth of interaction correction: using the electron Bi-Parametric (BP) spectrum which in addition to depth of interaction information also allows correction for spectral tailing and dramatically improves both detection efficiency and energy resolution. Results with and without BP correction are given for a 10/spl times/10/spl times/5 mm/sup 3/ CZT monolithic detector (16 pixels, 2/spl times/2 mm pixel, 2.5 mm pitch) associated with 16 single ASIC preamplifier: an energy resolution lower than 2.5% FWHM at 122 keV has been obtained on 16 pixels after BP correction.
AND-34/BCAR3, a GDP exchange factor whose overexpression confers antiestrogen resistance, activates Rac, PAK1, and the cyclin D1 promoter. (2003)

AND-34 is a murine protein that binds by a cdc25-like GDP exchange factor domain to the focal adhesion docking protein p130Cas. Overexpression of either of the human homologues of AND-34 and p130Cas, BCAR3 and BCAR1, respectively, has been reported to induce resistance to antiestrogens in breast cancer cell lines. Here we show that overexpression of AND-34 leads to activation of the Rho family GTPases Cdc42 and Rac. Consistent with these findings, BCAR3 overexpression induced alterations in F-actin distribution and augmented both autophosphorylation and kinase activity of the Cdc42/Rac-responsive serine/threonine kinase PAK1. p130Cas-associated BCAR3 protein was detected in the estrogen-independent breast cancer cell line 578-T, but not in estrogen-dependent MCF7 or ZR-75-1 cells. Stable ZR-75-1 transfectants overexpressing BCAR3, but not vector-only transfectants, grew in the presence of the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780. Stable transfection with RacV12, a constitutively active form of Rac1, also induced antiestrogen resistance in ZR-75-1 cells. Transient transfection of BCAR3 in estrogen-dependent MCF7 cells induced activation of luciferase constructs containing the proximal 1745 or 163 bp but not 66 bp of the cyclin D1 promoter. Such cyclin D1 promoter activation was inhibited by dominant negative forms of Rac1 and PAK1. Overexpression of the PAK1 autoinhibitory domain (residues 83-149) but not an inactive PAK1 autoinhibitory domain point mutant (L107F) also blocked BCAR3-mediated cyclin D1 activation. These studies suggest that AND-34/BCAR3 induces antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer cell lines by a Rac1- and PAK1-dependent pathway.
BlogPulse: Automated trend discovery for weblogs (2004)

Over the past few years, weblogs have emerged as a new com-munication and publication medium on the Internet. In this pa-per, we describe the application of data mining, information ex-traction and NLP algorithms for discovering trends across our sub-set of approximately 100,000 weblogs. We publish daily lists of key persons, key phrases, and key paragraphs to a public web site, BlogPulse.com. In addition, we maintain a searchable index of we-blog entries. On top of the search index, we have implemented trend search, which graphs the normalized trend line over time for a search query and provides a way to estimate the relative buzz of word of mouth for given topics over time. 1.
Eculizumab in secondary atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (2016)

Short treatment with eculizumab can result in a rapid improvement of patients with secondary aHUS in whom TMA has persisted and renal function worsened despite treatment of the TMA-inducing condition.
The Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic-specific protein Met-III associates with the nucleolus and contains independent amino and carboxyl terminal targeting elements (2006)

Metacyclogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi involves the differentiation of replicating non-infective epimastigotes into non-replicating metacyclic trypomastigotes. This pre-adapts parasites for infection of the mammalian host and is characterised by several morphological changes and structural alterations to the nucleus, including nucleolar disaggregation. Experimental investigation of these developmental processes has been hampered by a lack of robust molecular markers. Here, we describe the precise temporal expression of the T. cruzi-specific protein Met-III, in the genome reference strain CL Brener. Expression is restricted to metacyclics in the insect stages of the life-cycle and is rapidly down-regulated following invasion of mammalian cells. Met-III localises to dispersed foci typical of the disassembled nucleolus in metacyclics and to the discrete single nucleolus of cells soon after macrophage invasion. To identify elements that target Met-III, we generated a series of tagged green fluorescent protein fusion proteins and examined their sub-nuclear location in transformed parasites. These experiments demonstrated that amino and carboxyl terminal fragments, characterised by clusters of basic residues, could independently mediate nucleolar sequestration. To investigate the function of Met-III, we used gene deletion. This showed that Met-III is not required for the development of metacyclic trypomastigotes and that null mutants can complete the life-cycle in vitro.
A4NT: Author Attribute Anonymity by Adversarial Training of Neural Machine Translation (2018)

Text-based analysis methods enable an adversary to reveal privacy relevant author attributes such as gender, age and can identify the text's author. Such methods can compromise the privacy of an anonymous author even when the author tries to remove privacy sensitive content. In this paper, we propose an automatic method, called the Adversarial Author Attribute Anonymity Neural Translation ($\text{A}^{4}\text{NT}$), to combat such text-based adversaries. Unlike prior works on obfuscation, we propose a system that is fully automatic and learns to perform obfuscation entirely from the data. This allows us to easily apply the $\text{A}^{4}\text{NT}$ system to obfuscate different author attributes. We propose a sequence-to-sequence language model, inspired by machine translation, and an adversarial training framework to design a system which learns to transform the input text to obfuscate the author attributes without paired data. We also propose and evaluate techniques to impose constraints on our $\text{A}^{4}\text{NT}$ model to preserve the semantics of the input text. $\text{A}^{4}\text{NT}$ learns to make minimal changes to the input to successfully fool author attribute classifiers, while preserving the meaning of the input text. Our experiments on two datasets and three settings show that the proposed method is effective in fooling the attribute classifiers and thus improves the anonymity of authors.
Hydroxyapatite-Bound Cationic Ruthenium Complexes as Novel Heterogeneous Lewis Acid Catalysts for Diels−Alder and Aldol Reactions (2003)

Creation of a stable and well-defined active center on a solid surface is a promising protocol for designing more efficient hybrid-catalysts that bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Treatment of a hydroxyapatite-bound Ru complex (RuHAP) with an aqueous solution of AgX (X = SbF6-, TfO-) afforded a new type of cationic Ru phosphate complex, having potentially vacant coordination sites. These cationic RuHAPs exhibited Lewis acidity toward carbonyl and cyano groups, promoting Diels-Alder and Aldol reactions with high efficiencies. Moreover, no Ru leaching was detected in the above organic reactions, and then the catalysts were recyclable.
Microcomputer system for multistep specimen processing and reporting in a microbiology laboratory. (1985)

A microcomputer system for use in the sequential processing of specimens has been developed in a hospital microbiology department which receives 90 000 specimens a year. Data handling is performed directly through the computers without the use of cards or worksheets. The system facilitates the multistep processing of specimens and the servicing of results inquiries and provides an alphabetical daysheet of completed and incomplete work, report form printout, and automatic transfer of reported data to an existing on line database. The system includes on line break point antibiotic sensitivity testing and multipoint agar organism identification. The hardware was purchased as required at small cost per unit, and the software was written by the authors. More than 80% of specimens received are processed using the computers, the remainder being under development. The system has been running for three years without major breakdown.
Pulmonary Stromal-Derived Factor-1 Expression and Effect on Neutrophil Recruitment during Acute Lung Injury (2007)

The severe and protracted inflammation that characterizes acute lung injury (ALI) is driven by the ongoing recruitment of neutrophils to the lung. Although much of the cytokine signaling responsible for the initial phase of ALI has been elaborated, relatively little is known about the mechanisms governing the recruitment of neutrophils from the bone marrow to the lung in the later period of this disease. Given its previously described chemoattractant effects on marrow neutrophils, we investigated whether stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) (CXCL12) might participate in this later phase of recruitment. Using immunohistochemistry to examine both banked human lung specimens from patients with ALI and lungs from mice with LPS-induced pneumonitis, we found that pulmonary SDF-1 expression increases during ALI. We further determined that both lung SDF-1 protein expression and mRNA expression rise in a delayed but sustained pattern in this mouse model and that the major source of the increase in expression appears to be the lung epithelium. Lastly, we found that expression of the SDF-1 receptor CXCR4 rises in a similar temporal pattern on neutrophils in both the blood and airspace of LPS-injured mice and that Ab-mediated SDF-1 blockade significantly attenuates late but not early pulmonary neutrophilia in this model. These results implicate SDF-1 in neutrophil recruitment to the lung in the later period of acute lung injury and suggest a novel role for this cytokine in coordinating the transition from the inflammatory response to the initiation of tissue repair.
Three-component image compression with frequency-weighted texture coding and edge modeling (1993)

Coding methods are presented for the three-component image analysis-synthesis system. The three components contain low-pass, edge, and texture information. The edge component is coded using a parametrized model, while the low-pass and texture components are jointly coded using subband coding with frequency-weighted bit allocation. Coding simulation results show how misleading objective measures can be, particularly regarding edge distortions such as blurriness and ringing. By maintaining edge fidelity, the thee-component coder outperforms the JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) and subband coders at very low bit rates.< <ETX>></ETX>
Low Bit Rate Television On ISDN (1989)

This paper discusses a hybrid coding method for low bit-rate video transmission over the 2B channels (128 kb/s) of ISDN networks. In this method the coding frame is divided into two dimensional m-by-m blocks where each block is further divided into smaller sub-blocks. Block classification and blockmatching motion estimation are based on the larger block size, while the transformation is performed on a sub-block basis. The transform coefficients are coded in such a way that the inter sub-block correlation can be efficiently exploited. As a result, for every block the sub-block coefficients are scanned by grouping all the first coefficients, followed by all the second coefficients and so on. The manner in which the sub-blocks are scanned is called inter sub-block scanning. Three types of sub-block scanning are considered: zig-zag, horizontal and vertical scanning. The inter sub-block scanning is made adaptive by deciding which of the above scanning types is the most efficient. Consequently, this requires additional overhead to be sent to the receiver at the beginning of each block. In our simulation the main block size of 16 x 16 and 32 x 32 is considered. In order to find the best sub-block size, four different sizes such as 2 x 2, 4 x 4, 8 x 8 and 16 x 16 are evaluated. The results using a few video sequences as the input show that a good quality video can be obtained at the transmission rates of 48 kb/s, 64 kb/s and 112 kb/s.
Evaluation of Methemoglobin Formation During the Storage of Various Hemoglobin Solutions (1992)

Many researchers are trying to develop a blood substitute based on chemically modified human hemoglobin. In the process of making such solutions, we were faced with the problem of determining the best storage conditions to minimize oxidation of the solutions between the time of manufacture and use. Samples of stroma-free hemoglobin, purified A0 hemoglobin, and various cross-linked hemoglobins were stored for 8-12 months at +4 degrees C -20 degrees C, and -80 degrees C and were analyzed periodically for formation of methemoglobin (MetHb). Various suspending solutions were evaluated for their effects on the rate of MetHb formation, and the approximate rates of MetHb production per month were calculated. Short-term storage of hemoglobin solutions (< 14 days) can be done at +4 degrees C, but extended storage should be done at -80 degrees C with quick thawing. Salts minimize the hemoglobin oxidation during the stress of freeze-thaw operations. Storage at -20 degrees C. presents further problems and should be avoided.
Niobium nanobridge dc SQUID (1980)

For the first time high-resolution electron beam contamination lithography has been used to produce active sensing devices. dc SQUID’s (Superconducting quantum interference devices) with linewidths as small as 30 nm have demonstrated a minimum intrinsic energy resolution of 3h. This is the best value for any SQUID to date and approaches the limit ≈ h set by the uncertainty principle. The dependence of voltage noise on SQUID parameters is in agreement with a new small-signal model of SQUID noise.