gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Container Molecules and Their Guests (1997)

Container Molecules and Their Guests deals with the fundamental principles and objectives that govern this rapidly developing subject and illustrates the emergence of a new field of biomimetic chemistry. The book demonstrates how a number of techniques, such as molecular modelling, synthesis, crystal structure, NMR solution structure and mass spectral structure determinations can be combined to develop a new branch of organic chemistry. It discusses the chemistry of completely new families of complexes - the carceplexes, hemicarceplexes and velcraplexes - and reviews for the first time the uses of the interiors of hemicarceplexes as a new phase for carrying out chemical reactions and for protecting unstable species. Furthermore, it illustrates how complexation and decomplexation rates are measured to provide free energies of binding, discusses new phenomena such as constrictive binding, and shows how solvophobic forces drive complexation in a variety of organic solvents. It also covers catalysis through complexation and chiral recognition in catalysis, both secondary themes of this volume. Container Molecules and Their Guests will provide stimulating reading for researchers, post-graduate students and teachers involved in bio-organic chemistry, organic chemistry, materials science, and medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry.
The past and present roles of computer-aided engineering in DASD design (1996)

At the heart of today's computer-aided engineering (CAE) revolution is finite element modeling (FEM). This paper presents a brief history of how FEM simulations interact with and have significant impact on the design process of storage devices. The discussion is limited to structural static and dynamic effects on head/disk assemblies (HDAs) and components. FEM is integral to the design process; it is primarily a predictive/diagnostic design tool that provides engineers with detailed information on the performance of a design. FEM is most effective during the concept phase, where it can sort out many performance issues before the design parameters are constrained. Also, FEM can help to optimize critical structures within the system. As a diagnostic tool, FEM supplements testing by predicting in advance the properties and behavior of the device. A three-piece suspension design is presented as an example of how FEM and design work in harmony. An FEM of the entire structure was built to verify design and to fine-tune dimensions. Areas that required reinforcement and frequencies that seemed too low were identified, and the structure was modified. This process was repeated several times until the design satisfied the requirements. In addition to the suspension design example, a thermal deformation problem with a 3.5-in. actuator comb assembly is discussed.
<title>Intelligent nesting system on 2-D highly irregular resources</title> (1990)

The objective of the automatic nesting problem is to find an arrangement for cutting irregularly shaped pieces that efficiently and quickly utilizes an available resource. The available resource, in this case, is highly irregular with not only irregular boundaries but also defective areas. In the solution of this problem, three subproblems must be considered: irregular resource/piece representation, search/match methods and localization of the search space. We propose an object-oriented representational scheme which describes pieces and resources in multiple ways. This object-oriented representational scheme can directly depict physical objects and mental concepts in a coherent manner, making it much easier to embed an expert’s knowledge into a system. We also present a novel hybrid search algorithm, an abstract heuristic search in combination with a best-first search using limited backtracking. A new way of localizing the search space called recursive look ahead is also introduced. This technique is a domain-dependent approach that sub-divides the world based on the locations of defects. This recursive look ahead procedure is a novel variant of the sub-goal technique. Several other inference procedures, such as intersection and overlap detection, try-to-fit procedures are also proposed. This system has been developed and the preliminary result is satisfactory. The testing has been performed by comparing the system against a human expert. The average yield difference has been within five percent.
Identification of a cis-acting element within the herpesvirus saimiri ORF 6 promoter that is responsive to the HVS.R transactivator. (1997)

We have previously demonstrated that two distinct transcripts are produced from ORF 50, the major transcriptional activating gene of herpesvirus saimiri. The products of these transcripts trans-activate the delayed-early ORF 6 promoter, though to different degrees. Deletion analysis demonstrated that the ORF 50 responsive elements are contained in a 132 bp fragment situated 127-259 bp from the transcription initiation site within the ORF 6 promoter. This fragment conferred ORF 50-responsiveness on an enhancerless simian virus 40. Gel retardation analysis further mapped the responsive elements to a 38 bp fragment.
Chat space models (1999)

Shared virtual environments, especially those supporting spatial sound, require generalized control of user-dependent media streams. Nonimmersive perspectives in virtual environments enable fluid paradigms of perception, especially in the context of frames-of-reference for conferencing and musical audition. Traditional mixing idioms for enabling and disabling various sources employ mute and solo functions, which, along with cue, selectively disable or focus on respective channels. Exocentric interfaces which explicitly model not only sources, but also location, orientation, directivity, and multiplicity of sinks, motivate the generalization of mute/solo & cue to exclude and include, manifested for sinks as deafen/confide & harken, a narrowing of stimuli by explicitly blocking out and/or concentrating on selected entities. Such functions can be applied not only to other users’ sinks for privacy, but also to one’s own sinks for selective presence. Figurative representations of these functions are introduced, virtual hands to be clapped over avatars’ ears and mouths. An audibility protocol is described, comprising revoke, renounce, grant, and claim methods, invocable by these narrowcasting commands to control superposition of soundscapes, and a taxonomy of modal narrowcasting functions is proposed. Applications include groupware for collaboration and teaching, teleconferencing and chat spaces, and authoring and manipulation of distributed virtual environments.
Philadelphia's Water Supply: How Human Capital and Collaboration Can Overcome Significant Man-Made Challenges (2012)

This paper focuses on the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania water supply – past, present, and future – and makes the case that stakeholder collaboration is essential to preserve and enhance this important resource. I argue that without proper planning and funding allocations, the water supply of Philadelphia could be compromised, and by 2050 Philadelphians could learn that an inexpensive, seemingly endless supply of water is substantially diminished. Public awareness is critical as Philadelphia and the United States are both likely to move into an era of water scarcity and onerous water pricing models. The more stakeholders work together to prepare for future strains on their key natural resource, the better the quality of life will be for people and for the other inhabitants of our natural world.
Triplet exciton state and related phenomena in the β-phase of poly(9,9-dioctyl)fluorene (2004)

Using both time-resolved emission and cw photoinduced absorption spectroscopy as a function of temperature, the aggregation phenomena ($\ensuremath{\beta}$-phase formation) observed in poly(9,9-dioctyl)fluorene is studied. All spectra of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ phase, including absorption, prompt and delayed fluorescence, phosphorescence, and photoinduced triplet absorption feature very narrow linewidths, which are unique within the class of conjugated polymers. From the comparison of the latter data with amorphous polyfluorene, poly(9,9-diethylhexyl)fluorene, as well as with the fully planar ladder-type poly(paraphenylene), we conclude that the origin of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ phase cannot simply be an extended intrachain conjugation, but interchain interactions are involved. Furthermore, the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ phase acts as an energetic trap for both singlet and triplet excitons initially created on amorphous chain segments. The delayed fluorescence kinetics of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ phase were measured at different temperatures. From the analysis of these decays within the framework of dispersive triplet migration in a Gaussian density of states distribution, further evidence is provided that the delayed fluorescence originates from triplet-triplet annihilation. At room temperature, it is clear that triplet excitons migrate over large distances, exceeding that of singlet excitons. Also, the segregation time between dispersive triplet migration and classical thermally activated hopping, is in the case of $\ensuremath{\beta}$-phase containing samples, dependent on the separation of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-phase domains.
Drying Oils and Resins (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDrying Oils and ResinsTheodore F. Bradley and David RichardsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1942, 34, 2, 237–242Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50386a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50386a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Correction: Social and Nonsocial Content Differentially Modulates Visual Attention and Autonomic Arousal in Rhesus Macaques (2013)

The sophisticated analysis of gestures and vocalizations, including assessment of their emotional valence, helps group-living primates efficiently navigate their social environment. Deficits in social information processing and emotion regulation are important components of many human psychiatric illnesses, such as autism, schizophrenia and social anxiety disorder.
Decomposition strategies and their performance in FPGA-based technology mapping (2002)

Existing FPGA-oriented algorithms can be divided into two categories: minimising the number of LUTs in the solution (MIS-pga, Trade, and ASYL); and minimising the delay in the solution (DAG-Map, SWEEP, and Flow-map). Several algorithms have been implemented with both area and delay minimisation versions, for example MIS-pga and ASYL. Two collaborating groups from Warsaw University of Technology, Poland and Monash University, Australia have developed decomposition theory and procedures for single and multiple-output Boolean functions. These include a balanced decomposition algorithm which applies either parallel or serial decomposition at each phase of the synthesis process. The algorithm has been implemented in an experimental logic synthesis tool DEMAIN. Recent tests on MCNC and industrial benchmarks show that DEMAIN produces much more economical designs than major FPGA vendors software.
The Syntheses of Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Supercritical Fluids (2000)

Reactions such as ammonolyses of esters to amides and of mesylates to amines, asymmetric hydrogenations, and the condensation of trimethylhydroquinone with isophytol to d,l-α-tocopherol in supercritical fluids are reported. Ammonolysis of a mesylate with anhydrous supercritical ammonia can lead to the corresponding amine in high yield (up to 96%), representing an interesting alternative to the normally practiced azide substitution/hydrogenation sequence to introduce an amino function. The synthesis of d,l-α-tocopherol in supercritical carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide by condensation of trimethylhydroquinone with isophytol in the presence of various Brönsted or Lewis acids, especially an imide or its metal salts, as catalysts is an interesting alternative to existing processes.
Comparative Approaches to Regulating Religion and Belief: State Authority and The Rule of Law (2005)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Electrical Resistivity of Aluminum and Manganese (1984)

This work compiles, reviews, and discusses the available data and information on the electrical resistivity of aluminum and manganese and presents the recommended values resulting from critical evaluation, correlation, analysis, and synthesis of the available data and information. The recommended values presented are uncorrected and also corrected for the thermal expansion of the material and cover the temperature range from 1 K to above the melting point into the molten state for aluminum and to 700 K for manganese. The estimated uncertainties in most of the recommended values are about ±2% to ±5%.
Allicin, the Antibacterial Principle of Allium sativum. II. Determination of the Chemical Structure (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAllicin, the Antibacterial Principle of Allium sativum. II. Determination of the Chemical StructureChester J. Cavallito, Johannes S. Buck, and C. M. SuterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 11, 1952–1954Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01239a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01239a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1167Altmetric-Citations225LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bacterial repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences are DNA targets for Insertion Sequence elements (2006)

Our findings characterize REP elements as hot spots for transposition and reinforce the relationship between REP sequences and genomic plasticity mediated by mobile elements. In addition, this study defines a subset of REP-recognizer transposases with high target selectivity that can be useful in the development of new tools for genome manipulation.
Rett syndrome from quintuple and triple deletions within the <i>MECP2</i> deletion hotspot region (2001)

Rett syndrome results from mutations in the X-linked methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene, which are nearly always lethal in males and lead to regression and reduced life expectancy in females. Herein we report one propositus with five tandem deletions and a second propositus with three tandem deletions within MECP2 exon 4 that encode truncated protein products resulting in classic Rett syndrome. These deletion breakpoints and single deletions in 3 other patients were all found within a 185-bp region along with 64 of 69 other reported deletion breakpoints in the MECP2 gene. Illegitimate recombination resulting in deletion at a substantial proportion of the shared MECP2 sites is enhanced by repeated guanosine (G) DNA sequences in the antisense direction, consistent with reports at other gene loci that polypurine (multiple guanosine or adenosine (A)) basepairs enhance sequence deletion. Multiple deletions at the same poly G recombination sites confirm the existence of deletion hotspots in this gene region with numerous repeated antisense sites that are enriched 26- to 161-fold. Deletion by illegitimate recombination within a single allele can occur during mitotic or meiotic cell cycles. Although prone to disease-causing deletion, this region is unique in humans and highly conserved among mammals for the last 75 000 000 years to maintain the MECP2 gene's critical function.
Mouse mammary tumors induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate: immunohistochemistry and hormonal receptors. (1987)

Mammary adenocarcinomas induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in female BALB/c mice were investigated as to their morphology and immunohistochemistry and their content of steroid, prolactin (PRL), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. Histologically, these tumors were mainly of ductal origin, since hyperplastic alveolar nodules were observed only in 3 cases. No viral particles were encountered in electron microscopic studies. Estrogen and/or progesterone, PRL, and EGF receptors were detected in MPA-induced tumors, as well as in the occasional spontaneous mammary tumors of multiparous females. EGF was detected, by a radioimmunoassay, in the cystic fluid of 12 mammary adenocarcinomas. MPA treatment was found to induce uterine secretory changes, glandular cystic hyperplasia, and eventually deciduomas that stained strongly for desmin and to a lesser degree for vimentin, suggesting a muscular differentiation. Consequently, MPA-induced adenocarcinomas can be considered as ductal tumors that possess estrogen and/or progesterone, PRL, and EGF receptors. Whether MPA induces tumor growth directly via progesterone receptors remains to be investigated.
SYSTEMS APPROACH TO BEACH PROTECTION FOR OIL SPILL INCIDENTS. PHASE I. FEASIBILITY STUDY (1975)

This report is a product of the above efforts. The beach protection system studied in this program is designed to limit the environmental damage caused by oil spills originating from oil exploration, production and transportation. A sorbent-based beach protection system has been investigated and tested for deployment on shorelines and within the intertidal zones of beaches.
Errata: Making Corrector Plates by Schmidt’s Vacuum Method (1966)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Edgar Everhart, "Errata: Making Corrector Plates by Schmidt's Vacuum Method," Appl. Opt. 5, 1360-1360 (1966) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Effect of exercise intensity on potassium balance in muscle and blood of man. (1994)

1. The rise of plasma [K+] during high intensity exercise is due to an initially rapid loss of K+ from the exercising muscle to the circulation. The K+ loss is primarily governed by the balance between K+ efflux rate from the muscle cells and the reuptake rate. It has been assumed that the reuptake rate is proportional to [K+] in the femoral vein ([K+]fv) during short-lasting uphill running, but this may not hold true for other types and durations of exercise. 2. In four subjects, initial rates of increase and decay of [K+]fv at start and end of bicycle exercise were quantified by means of K(+)-sensitive electrodes inserted into the femoral vein. Responses to exercise intensities between 90 and 440 W were examined. Both the initial rate of rise and the rate of decay of [K+]fv were linearly related to power. 3. In six subjects, exercising at 60, 85 and 110% of maximal oxygen uptake, blood was obtained from the femoral artery and vein. The veno-arterial concentration difference for K+ across the exercising leg decayed with half-times of about 3 min at all exercise levels and became not significantly different from zero at low powers. This fits with a good match between K+ efflux and reuptake rates at the cellular level. 4. Arterial plasma [K+] ([K+]a) rose faster with increasing exercise intensity, reaching peak values of 5.7 +/- 0.1, 6.0 +/- 0.2 and 8.0 +/- 0.2 mmol l-1. [K+]a fell again over the subsequent 5 min at the lowest intensity in spite of significant loss of muscle K+. Hence, released K+ was redistributed to other compartments outside the vascular bed. 5. While K+ loss increased linearly with increasing power, [K+]a showed a curvilinear relationship. Thus redistribution of K+ is less efficient at high intensities. [K+]a correlated better with relative work load than with absolute work load. 6. Reuptake of K+ after the end of the high intensity bout of exercise caused [K+]a to fall with a half-time of 31 s. The rate of K+ reuptake in the exercising muscle was not proportional to [K+]a or [K+]fv. However, at the level of the muscle cell, the rate of K+ reuptake was probably inversely related to intracellular [K+].
资本主义的“金融化”及其近年来对拉丁美洲新兴经济体的影响 (2010)

在过去的几十年里，国际资本主义体系发生了重要的、值得关注的变化，包括对生产和管理体系的再造以及劳资关系的重构。大多数发展中国家所采用和实施的新自由主义模式的经济政策和相应的政策工具，越来越不能适应国际生产和金融资本的要求，这一现象在过去的30年里尤为明显。大企业的投机性融资导致了金融优势积累体制的危机。这里隐含的一个基本的假设是，大企业不惜一切代价为股东提供最大的回报，以此来换取股票市场上经济实体的金融资源，即虚拟资本产生的回报。由于利息率极高，许多新兴经济体提供有吸引力的高回报，从而导致了公共债务的持续增长。
Influence of Fine Grinding on the Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Materials—Acid Vs. Enzymatic (1979)

The relative influence of ball milling for various time periods on the course of enzymatic and dilute acid hydrolysis was investigated. The response of enzymatic hydrolysis to the extent of milling was quite dramatic. Cotton linters pulp was totally hydrolyzed in 10 days with 60 min of milling. The carbohydrates of red oak were 93% converted to sugar in the same time after 240 min of milling. It appears that, with sufficient milling, the carbohydrates of the three lignocelluloses investigated can be made almost totally accessible to enzymatic hydrolysis. Vibratory milling also yields substantial increases in the rates of dilute acid hydrolysis of all four substrates, nearly nine-fold for the cotton linters pulp and about five-fold for the three lignocelluloses. Thus vibratory milling represents an experimentally effective pretreatment.