gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-layer directional antenna MAC protocol for wireless ad hoc networks: Research Articles (2006)

In this paper, we propose a directional antenna medium access (DAMA) protocol and its enhanced version called enhanced DAMA (EDAMA), which takes advantage of the benefits offered by directional antennas. Both of these schemes have been inspired by the IEEE 802.11 MAC, with major enhancements including a new neighbor discovery scheme, an optimized circular directional transmission of RTS and CTS to prevent the hidden node problem, reduce collisions and decrease node deafness, and also a multi-buffer management scheme. A pair of communicating nodes using these schemes simultaneously transmits the circular directional RTS and CTS only to those sectors with neighbors, hence reducing overall communication delay and enhancing throughput. The main difference between DAMA and EDAMA lies in the way buffering is provided in the MAC layer. Unlike DAMA, which uses a single MAC buffer for all antenna beams as in IEEE 802.11, EDAMA employs separate buffers for each of the antenna sectors and introduces an integrated network and MAC cross-layer design. This helps in eliminating the ‘self-induced blocking’ problem prominent in existing directional MAC protocols. We have compared DAMA, EDAMA, IEEE 802.11, and two recently proposed directional MAC protocols, and results show that DAMA and EDAMA perform better than existing MAC protocols in the majority of the scenarios investigated, while EDAMA is observed to perform best. We also point out that the performance usually depends on the network topology and traffic pattern. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A structure for extending the linear input voltage range of a differential input stage (2002)

This paper presents a method for extending the linear input voltage range of a differential input stage in weak inversion. This is accomplished using multiple differential pairs in parallel. To verify the function, a test circuit containing a four-quadrant multiplier was fabricated in a 1.2-/spl mu/m n-well double-polysilicon, double metal CMOS process. This circuit operates with a /spl plusmn/1.5 V supply voltage, and I/sub dd/=120 nA. A linear input voltage range of /spl plusmn/0.5 V with good linearity and less than 5% total harmonic distortion (THD) is achieved using 8 parallel-connected differential pairs. The design methodology as well as test results from the fabricated chip are discussed.
DURABILITY OF STRUCTURAL LUMBER PRODUCTS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. PART I. 66°C AT 75% RH AND 82°C AT 30% RH (2003)

Background.The effect of temperature on properties can be separated into reversible and permanent effects.The National Design Specification (NDS) provides factors (C t ) for reducing properties for reversible effects but provides little guidance on permanent effects.Objectives.The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of prolonged heating (permanent effect) on the flexural properties of solid-sawn and composite lumber products exposed at 66C and 75% relative humidity (RH) and at 82C and 30% RH.A second objective is to determine how to estimate total effects.Procedures.Solid-sawn lumber, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and laminated strand lumber (LSL) were heated continuously for up to 6 years.After each exposure period, the lumber was conditioned to room temperature at the specified RH and then tested on edge in third-point bending.Some lumber was also tested hot at 66C after 48 h of exposure and after 3 years of exposure.Results.After 3 years of continuous exposure at 66C and 75% RH, solid-sawn Spruce-Pine-Fir (SPF) and Douglas-fir retained about 72% of their original modulus of rupture (MOR) and southern pine about 47%.For the first 2 to 3 years of exposure, changes in MOR of LVL were similar to that of solid-sawn SPF and Douglas-fir.After almost 6 years of exposure, SPF retained about 67% MOR and LVL 26% to 49%.The MOR of LSL was more sensitive to duration of exposure than was the MOR of either solid-sawn lumber or LVL, with a residual MOR of 47% after 28 months.After 21 months at 82C and 30% RH, solid-sawn lumber retained 50% to 55% MOR, LVL 41%, and LSL 45%.For all products, modulus of elasticity was less sensitive to thermal degradation than was MOR.Conclusions.The effect of temperature on MOR of solid-sawn lumber is independent of grade.Composite lumber is more sensitive than solid-sawn to change in strength due to thermal degradation.The difference in MOR between species and product types may be less at low humidity Member of SWST. 1 The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin.
Melt blending of linear low‐density polyethylene and polystyrene in a haake internal mixer. I. Compatibilization and morphology development (1995)

Abstract Morphology development was investigated during blending of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polystyrene (PS) (the minor phase) in a Haake internal mixer. In addition, the blending was studied using 5 wt % Kraton styrene–ethylene/propylene (SEP) diblock or styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS) triblock copolymers as compatibilizing agents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations of blends show a bimodal particle size distribution of the minor phase during the initial stage of morphological development. Morphology observations suggest that the main function of the compatibilizer during blending lies in reducing the interfacial tension between two immiscible polymer phases. The addition of the copolymer reduces the average domain size from a micron to a submicron range. Compatibilization mechanisms of the copolymers with the immiscible blends are proposed. The superiority of SEBS triblock over SEP diblock as a stabilizer of the morphology was shown. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generalized OFDM for bridging between OFDM and single-carrier transmission (2004)

One of the main problems of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper, a novel approach to alleviate the PAPR problem of OFDM is presented. A generalized OFDM (GOFDM) with frequency-domain equalization (FDE) is proposed. Various FDE techniques based on zero forcing (ZF), maximum ratio combining (MRC) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) are considered. The bit error rate (BER) performance of GOFDM in a frequency-selective fading channel is evaluated by computer simulation and compared with those of conventional OFDM and single-carrier (SC) transmission
The Human Gene Encoding GM-CSF Is at 5q21-q32, the Chromosome Region Deleted in the 5q <sup>-</sup> Anomaly (1985)

Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a 22,000-dalton glycoprotein that stimulates the growth of myeloid progenitor cells and acts directly on mature neutrophils. A full-length complementary DNA clone encoding human GM-CSF was used as a probe to screen a human genomic library and isolate the gene encoding human GM-CSF. The human GM-CSF gene is approximately 2.5 kilobase pairs in length with at least three intervening sequences. The GM-CSF gene was localized by somatic cell hybrid analysis and in situ hybridization to human chromosome region 5q21-5q32, which is involved in interstitial deletions in the 5q- syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. An established, human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL60, contains a rearranged, partially deleted GM-CSF allele and a candidate 5q- marker chromosome, indicating that the truncated GM-CSF allele may reside at the rejoining point for the interstitial deletion on the HL60 marker chromosome.
Combined Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy for Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Adults: Review and Analysis. (2005)

Studies suggest a complex relationship between cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy for the combined treatment of mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Combined treatment for depression may have beneficial effects when applied to patients with chronic depression and in cases to prevent relapse. In bipolar disorder there is evidence for a strong effect of psychosocial treatment on the course of the disorder. In the anxiety disorders, there are some benefits in the short term, but combined treatment may limit the maintenance of treatment gains offered by CBT alone. Combined treatment should not be considered the default treatment for mood and anxiety disorders, with the possible exception of bipolar disorder. Instead, decisions whether combined treatment is worth the added cost and effort should be made in relation to the disorder under treatment, the level of severity or chronicity, and the stage of treatment (e.g., acute vs. relapse prevention).
Aboriginal music on Cape York (1968)

Abstract In 1966, tape recordings of Aboriginal music were collected at the following five places on Cape York Peninsula in North Queensland (see map, Figure I):
A Series of α-Amino Acid Ester Prodrugs of Camptothecin: In Vitro Hydrolysis and A549 Human Lung Carcinoma Cell Cytotoxicity (2010)

The objective of the present study was to identify a camptothecin (CPT) prodrug with optimal release and cytotoxicity properties for immobilization on a passively targeted microparticle delivery system. A series of alpha-amino acid ester prodrugs of CPT were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated. Four CPT prodrugs were synthesized with increasing aliphatic chain length (glycine (Gly) (2a), alanine (Ala) (2b), aminobutyric acid (Abu) (2c), and norvaline (Nva) (2d)). Prodrug reconversion was studied at pH 6.6, 7.0, and 7.4 corresponding to tumor, lung, and extracellular/physiological pH, respectively. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in A549 human lung carcinoma cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The hydrolytic reconversion rate to parent CPT increased with decreasing side chain length as well as increasing pH. The Hill slope of 2d was significantly less than CPT and the other prodrugs tested, indicating a higher cell death rate at lower concentrations. These results suggest that 2d is the best candidate for a passively targeted sustained release lung delivery system.
Ensemble deep learning for regression and time series forecasting (2014)

In this paper, for the first time, an ensemble of deep learning belief networks (DBN) is proposed for regression and time series forecasting. Another novel contribution is to aggregate the outputs from various DBNs by a support vector regression (SVR) model. We show the advantage of the proposed method on three electricity load demand datasets, one artificial time series dataset and three regression datasets over other benchmark methods.
Beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria on human beings (2010)

Lactic acid bacteria are a diverse group of bacteria that produce lactic acid as their major fermented product. Most of them are normal flora of human being and animals and produce myriad beneficial effects for human beings include, alleviation of lactose intolerance, diarrhea, peptic ulcer, stimulation of immune system, antiallergic effects, antifungal actions, preservation of food, and prevention of colon cancer. This review highlights the potential species of Lactic acid bacteria responsible for producing these effects. It has been concluded that lactic acid bacteria are highly beneficial microorganisms for human beings and are present abundantly in dairy products so their use should be promoted for good human health.
Silence is golden?-the effects of silence deletion on the CPU load of an audio conference (1994)

This paper seeks to identify, improvements that reduce audioconference CPU load. A major contribution is the comparison of the performance benefits of five potential audioconference improvements: faster CPU, faster communication, better compression, digital signal processing (DSP) hardware, and silence deletion. To compare audioconference CPU load, we develop a model that identifies components of a typical audioconference. We hypothesize that silence deletion will improve the scalability of audio more than any of the above four improvements. We parameterize our model with measurements of the actual component performance. Overall, we find audioconference CPU loads with silence deletion scale better than audioconference CPU loads with any of the other four improvements. Techniques based on DSP hardware alone do not scale as well as silence deletion alone. However, DSP based silence deletion and compression together scale better than any other technique. These results hold even when using compression and even for ten times faster processors, networks and DSP hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
LiF-LiCl-LiI vs. LiF-LiBr-KBr as Molten Salt Electrolyte in Thermal Batteries (2005)

International audience
Bioinformatic identification of novel regulatory DNA sequence motifs in Streptomyces coelicolor (2004)

We successfully applied a recently published in silico method to identify conserved sequence motifs in S. coelicolor that may be biologically significant as regulatory elements. Our data are broadly consistent with and further extend data from previously published studies. We invite experimental testing of our hypotheses in vitro and in vivo.
Biologic Activity of Nerve Growth Factor Slowly Released from Microspheres (2003)

Efficient and sustained delivery of neurotrophic factors to the regenerating nerve in biologically active form presents a challenge. Protein delivery in biodegradable microsphere vehicles has been difficult, based on destabilization and breakdown during both the loading and release phases. This study examines the extravasation and stability of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres, via both ELISA and PC-12 bioassays. PLGA microspheres co-loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and NGF were prepared by a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) technique, using chloroform for the organic phase and 1 percent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for the emulsion step. Aliquots of lyophilized microspheres were incubated in double distilled water (dd H2O) at 37 degrees C, and the supernatants assayed over time for NGF activity. ELISA was utilized for quantitative determination of NGF concentration, and a PC-12 cell neurite outgrowth assay assessed biologic activity. Both ELISA and PC-12 assays demonstrated the extravasation of NGF from microspheres. Over time, the predicted concentration of NGF via the two assays differed, suggesting possible preservation of recognizable epitopes for ELISA, but loss of biologic activity. NGF can be stored and released from microspheres. Extravasation studies should include biologically relevant assays for activity.
Polarography of Halides in Dimethylformamide. I. Bromide Ion and Its Mercuric Compounds (1968)

Abstract The complex formation between tetraethylammonium bromide (TEB) and mercuric bromide in dimethylformamide was observed conductometrically, and a complex, tetraethylammonium tribromomercurate (TETM), was isolated. Voltammetric studies of TEB, TETM, and mercuric bromide were made, using the dropping mercury electrode in dimethylformamide containing 0.1 m tetraethylammonium perchlorate. It was found that TEB gives two reversible anodic waves, of which the more negative one is due to the oxidation of mercury to TETM, and the more positive, to the oxidation of mercury to mercuric bromide. The electrode reaction mechanism was also investigated by means of large-scale electrolysis with a controlled potential.
Differences in Bone Quality in Low- and High-Turnover Renal Osteodystrophy (2011)

Abnormal bone turnover is common in CKD, but its effects on bone quality remain unclear. We qualitatively screened iliac crest bone specimens from patients on dialysis to identify those patients with low (n=18) or high (n=17) bone turnover. In addition, we obtained control bone specimens from 12 healthy volunteers with normal kidney function. In the patient and control specimens, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nanoindentation quantified the material and mechanical properties of the specimens, and we used bone histomorphometry to assess parameters of bone microstructure and bone formation and resorption. Compared with high or normal turnover, bone with low turnover had microstructural abnormalities such as lower cancellous bone volume and reduced trabecular thickness. Compared with normal or low turnover, bone with high turnover had material and nanomechanical abnormalities such as reduced mineral to matrix ratio and lower stiffness. These data suggest that turnover-related alterations in bone quality may contribute to the diminished mechanical competence of bone in CKD, albeit through different mechanisms. Therapies tailored specifically to low- or high-turnover bone may treat renal osteodystrophy more effectively.
Oncolytic virotherapy as an immunotherapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma (2017)

Multiple Myeloma (MM), a clonal malignancy of antibody-producing plasma cells, is the second most common hematologic malignancy and results in significant patient morbidity and mortality. The high degree of immune dysregulation in MM, including T cell imbalances and up-regulation of immunosuppressive checkpoint proteins and myeloid derived suppressor cells, allows this malignancy to escape from host immune control. Despite advances in the therapeutic landscape of MM over the last decade, including the introduction of immunomodulatory drugs, the prognosis for this disease is poor, with less than 50% of patients surviving 5 years. Thus, novel treatment strategies are required. Oncolytic viruses (OV) are a promising new class of therapeutics that rely on tumour specific oncolysis and the generation of a potent adaptive anti-tumour immune response for efficacy. To date, a number of OV have shown efficacy in pre-clinical studies of MM with three reaching early phase clinical trials. OVs represent a rational therapeutic strategy for MM based on (1) their tumour tropism, (2) their ability to potentiate anti-tumour immunity and (3) their ability to be rationally combined with other immunotherapeutic agents to achieve a more robust clinical response.
Yaws infection in Tanna, Vanuatu 1989. (1991)

Yaws has been resurgent in the island of Tanna in southern Vanatu in the 1980's. Screening, conducted in 1988 and in 1989 during a mass treatment program identified a total of 464 clinical cases from the population of 20,200, a rate of 23 per thousand. Most of these (82%) were under 15 years of age. Serology was performed on 286 of which 23% were VDRL positive. Primary care services had been hampered in controlling yaws by difficulties with transport, isolation, community resistance and the lack of skilled personel to diagnose yaws and arrange prophylactic treatment. A mass screening and treatment program was implemented in 1989 with 91.8% coverage. This program was designed to work in the context of primary health care and thus has enhanced the relationship between the health services and local villagers. The program was successfully integrated with other health activities including health education, treatment of other diseases and vector control.
Multigroup Methods for Neutron Diffusion Problems (1953)

Abstract: "The age-diffusion is adequate to describe the neutron behavior of a very large class of nonthermal reactors (all except those whose dimensions are comparable to the neutron mean free path). Thus, a convenient means of obtaining an accurate solution to this equation is very useful for general reactor calculations. Methods for reducing the age-diffusion equation to a finite set of coupled ordinary differential equations, called multigroup equations, are described. The relative merits of several alternate schemes are discussed. The multigroup equations may be solved by iterative procedures based on an assumed spatial distribution of the fission source neutrons. In practice the initially assumed source shape is accurate enough so that additional iterations are unnecessary. Analytical and numerical methods for solving the multigroup equations with the assumed source are discussed. The adjoint equations are also reduced to multigroup form, and examples of the adjoint function in obtaining improved reactivity values are given."
Separation of Gases by Gas Adsorption Chromatography (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation of Gases by Gas Adsorption ChromatographyS. A. Greene, M. L. Moberg, and E. M. WilsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 9, 1369–1370Publication Date (Print):August 21, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 21 August 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60117a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60117a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential diagnosis in patients with suspected bile acid synthesis defects (2012)

Screening for urinary cholanoids should be done in every infant with cholestatic hepatopathy as well as in children with progressive neurological disease to provide specific therapy.
<i>In situ</i> Analysis of a High-Temperature Cure Reaction in Real Time Using Modulated Fiber-Optic FT-Raman Spectroscopy (1999)

The vibrational spectrum of a high-temperature (330 °C) polymerization reaction was successfully monitored in real time with the use of a modulated fiber-optic Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectrometer. A phenylethynyl-terminated monomer was cured, and spectral evidence for two different reaction products was acquired. The products are a conjugated polyene chain and a cyclized trimer. This is the first report describing the use of FT-Raman spectroscopy to monitor a high temperature (>250 °C) reaction in real time.
Multilevel optimization of profile of splitter blades in the impeller of a centrifugal compressor (2017)

In this research a multilevel optimization on the profile of splitter blades of a turbocharger compressor is performed using genetic algorithm in order to improve its performance. Successive corrections of profile at hub, midspan and shroud of splitter blades, with the objective of decreasing incidence losses at the leading edge and adjustment of blade loading at shroud, results in an impeller having improved splitter blades. The impeller flow filed analysis shows the optimization has been successful in reducing flow leakage at the shroud region and as well as losses in leading edge region. Although numerical simulations predict0.5% decrease in pressure ratio at design point, but 2.2 points improvement in isentropic efficiency is calculated. Based on the optimization results a new impeller is designed and manufactured and tested on a turbocharger test bed. Experimental results approve the simulation prediction results on the expected improvement in performance