gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (1998)

1. Fish oils are rich in the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids. Linseed oil and green plant tissues are rich in the precursor fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3). Most vegetable oils are rich in the n-6 PUFA linoleic acid (18:2n-6), the precursor of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). 2. Arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E2 are pro-inflammatory and regulate the functions of cells of the immune system. Consumption of fish oils leads to replacement of arachidonic acid in cell membranes by eicosapentaenoic acid. This changes the amount and alters the balance of eicosanoids produced. 3. Consumption of fish oils diminishes lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, natural killer cell activity, macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity, monocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis, major histocompatibility class II expression and antigen presentation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins 1 and 6, tumour necrosis factor) and adhesion molecule expression. 4. Feeding laboratory animals fish oil reduces acute and chronic inflammatory responses, improves survival to endotoxin and in models of autoimmunity and prolongs the survival of grafted organs. 5. Feeding fish oil reduces cell-mediated immune responses. 6. Fish oil supplementation may be clinically useful in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions and following transplantation. 7. n-3 PUFAs may exert their effects by modulating signal transduction and/or gene expression within inflammatory and immune cells.
Elevation of Serum Galectin-3 and Liver Stiffness Measured by Transient Elastography in Biliary Atresia (2011)

Increased serum galectin-3 is associated with a poor outcome in postoperative BA patients. Serum galectin-3 could be used as a biochemical parameter reflecting the deterioration of liver function and the severity of liver fibrosis in postoperative BA.
Source and Processing Affects Chemical and Physical Properties of Coir Dust (1996)

Chemical properties of unprocessed coconut husks varied significantly between 11 sources tested. The pH was significantly different between sources and ranged from 5.9 to 6.9. The electrical conductivities were significantly different between sources and ranged from 1.2 to 2.8 mS·cm –1 . The levels of Na, K, P, and Cl were significantly different between sources and ranged from 23 to 88, 126 to 236, 8 to 33, and 304 to 704 ppm, respectively. The B, Cu, Fe, Ni, S, Zn, Mn, and Mo levels were all significantly different between sources and ranged from nondetectable levels to 12.7 ppm. The NH 4 -N, NO 3 -N, Ca, and Mg levels were not significantly different between sources and ranged from 0.2 to 1.8, 0.2 to 0.9, 2.9 to 7.3, and nondetectable to 4.6 ppm, respectively. Coir dust produced by screening of waste grade coir through 13-, 6-, or 3-mm screens had significantly different bulk densities, air-filled pore space, water filled pore space and water-holding capacities compared to nonscreened waste grade coir. However, total pore space and total solids were not significantly affected by screening. Screen size did not significantly affect physical properties. Compression pressures used for formation of coir dust blocks significantly affected physical properties. Additionally, coir dust age significantly affected chemical properties.
Research on control characteristics of PWM rectifier with RC-IGBT (2017)

PWM rectifiers used in the vehicle power and the distributed power generation have higher requirements on the power density and the reliability. Compared with the traditional IGBT module, the reverse-conducting insulated-gate bipolar transistor (RC-IGBT) of the same package has lower thermal resistance and higher current tolerance. By using the gate of RC-IGBT to control the desaturation characteristic of the diode, the reverse recovery loss can be reduced. In the paper, an improved predictive current control method is studied to improve the output characteristics of the single-phase PWM rectifier with low switching frequency. Then through studying the desaturation control characteristics of the RC-IGBT's diode gate, we have achieved the control strategy of the gate pulse of the four switching devices of the single-phase full bridge circuit. At last, the improved predictive current control algorithm applied to the PWM rectifier of RC-IGBT based on the desaturation characteristic of the diode has been simulated, and tested on a small power platform. The results prove that the desaturation control of the improved predictive current control algorithm can effectively control RC-IGBT and realize the stable output of the PWM rectifier.
Application of microservice architecture in cloud environment project development (2018)

With the development of the information age, business systems are becoming more and more complex. System development and maintenance are facing huge challenges. In response to this problem, aunified application development platform based on the microservice architecture is proposed.Compared with the traditional single-architecture architecture, the microservices architecture can split a large and complex application system into a series of service modules that can be independently developed, tested, deployed, operated, and upgraded. This enables the application expansion and application reduction for a large number of Internet companies. Developing complexity and implementing agile development provide more effective methods. This article through a detailed case analysis - the development of the cloud platform system, describes the specific application of the microservice architecture in the actual project development, and discusses the advantages of the traditional single architecture model for the service architecture to build the system. Through research and analysis, it is concluded that the microservice architecture has certain guiding significance for solving problems that may be encountered in enterprise-level applications.
Generation of oscillations by the p53-Mdm2 feedback loop: A theoretical and experimental study (2000)

The intracellular activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein is regulated through a feedback loop involving its transcriptional target, mdm2. We present a simple mathematical model suggesting that, under certain circumstances, oscillations in p53 and Mdm2 protein levels can emerge in response to a stress signal. A delay in p53-dependent induction of Mdm2 is predicted to be required, albeit not sufficient, for this oscillatory behavior. In line with the predictions of the model, oscillations of both p53 and Mdm2 indeed occur on exposure of various cell types to ionizing radiation. Such oscillations may allow cells to repair their DNA without risking the irreversible consequences of continuous excessive p53 activation.
Incidence and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion in a cohort of Sydney homosexual men (1989)

By means of prospective cohort data from the Sydney AIDS Project, we report on 55 homosexual or bisexual men who have become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as measured by the development of serum HIV antibodies (seroconversion). We have compared the sexual practices, recreational drug abuse, history of sexually-transmissible diseases, and antecedent immunological findings of the men who seroconverted with those of 588 subjects who persistently remained seronegative in the same time-period. The cumulative incidence rate of HIV infection over the three years of observation was 8.5%. The cumulative incidence rate ranged from less than 1% for the six months before August 1, 1984, to a peak of 5% in the six months before August 1, 1985. Of those subjects for whom we had data for the period of seroconversion, all but two of the subjects who seroconverted admitted to a recognized high-risk sexual practice in the six months before the first visit at which they were found to be seropositive. Univariate analysis found that men who seroconverted were significantly more likely to have had a greater number of recent sexual partners (relative risk per partner, 1.02; P less than 0.001), to have engaged in receptive anal intercourse (incidence rate ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-7.6; P = 0.01) and to have used nitrite inhalant (incidence rate ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.9; P = 0.02) and amphetamine (incidence rate ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 2.2-10.5; P less than 0.001) drugs. The men who seroconverted were significantly (incidence rate ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2-6.1; P = 0.014) more likely to have antecedent T-suppressor-cell counts of greater than 800 cells/microL. Factors that retained significance in multivariate analysis were the number of recent sexual partners, recent amphetamine abuse and a T-suppressor-cell count of greater than 800 cells/microL.
Theoretical study of nonlinear elastic wave propagation (1994)

A theoretical study of the propagation of a plane wave in a material with nonlinear response is presented. We start with the wave equation for an isotropic, homogeneous, elastic solid with cubic anharmonicity in the moduli, accounting for attenuation by introducing complex linear and nonlinear moduli. A hierarchy of equations, ordered in powers of the displacement field, is developed. Using a Green function technique, we solve this set of equations systematically for the displacement field at distance x from the source. We examine the influence of propagation distance, source frequency spectrum, source displacement amplitude, attenuation, and nonlinear coefficient on the spectrum of a propagating wave. The displacement field for various source functions is calculated using parameters typical of rocks.
The Influence of the Hedonic and Utilitarian Value of Digital Games on Product Recommendation (2011)

Transgenic mice overexpressing the interleukin 9 gene were generated to study the biological activity of this cytokine in vivo. Although no major histological or morphological modifications of the lymphoid system were observed in most animals, approximately 7% of transgenic mice developed thymic lymphomas at the age of 3-9 months. The tumor cells, which were clonal, with unique T cell rearrangements, were double positive for the expression of CD4 and CD8. The need for additional transforming events, suggested by the low incidence of spontaneous tumors, was further indicated by the high susceptibility of the transgenic animals to injections of low doses of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, a chemical carcinogen with a thymic tropism. Expression of interleukin 9 was required for optimal tumor growth in vivo, as one of the tumors studied, which had lost the transgene, was much more efficiently transplanted into transgenic than in normal mice. Moreover, the in vitro proliferative activity of interleukin 9 on cell lines derived from such transgene-negative tumors suggests that an autocrine loop mediates the proliferation of these cells in vivo. Taken together, these results indicate that dysregulated IL-9 expression could be involved in the development of some T cell malignancies.
Emission from small dust particles in diffuse and molecular cloud medium (1990)

Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) observations of the whole galaxy has shown that long wavelength emission (100 and 60 micron bands) can be explained by thermal emission from big grains (approx 0.1 micron) radiating at their equilibrium temperature when heated by the InterStellar Radiation Field (ISRF). This conclusion has been confirmed by continuum sub-millimeter observations of the galactic plane made by the EMILIE experiment at 870 microns (Pajot et al. 1986). Nevertheless, shorter wavelength observations like 12 and 25 micron IRAS bands, show an emission from the galactic plane in excess with the long wavelength measurements which can only be explained by a much hotter particles population. Because dust at equilibrium cannot easily reach high temperatures required to explain this excess, this component is thought to be composed of very small dust grains or big molecules encompassing thermal fluctuations. Researchers present here a numerical model that computes emission, from Near Infrared Radiation (NIR) to Sub-mm wavelengths, from a non-homogeneous spherical cloud heated by the ISRF. This model fully takes into account the heating of dust by multi-photon processes and back-heating of dust in the Visual/Infrared Radiation (VIS-IR) so that it is likely to describe correctly emission from molecular clouds up to large A sub v and emission from dust experiencing temperature fluctuations. The dust is a three component mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, very small grains, and classical big grains with independent size distributions (cut-off and power law index) and abundances.
Addition of a Dopamine Agonist, Cabergoline, to a Serotonin-Noradrenalin Reuptake Inhibitor, Milnacipran as a Therapeutic Option in the Treatment of Refractory Depression: Two Case Reports (2003)

We illustrate 2 patients with depression who attained dramatic improvement of energy loss and fatigue when treated with cabergoline, a dopamine agonist, and milnacipran, a serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor. Although the biologic basis of energy, motivation, and fatigue in association with depression remains unknown, some reports suggest that the decrease of noradrenalin and dopamine in the brain are particularly related to these symptoms. Therefore, treatment strategy that enhances these two monoamine neurotransmissions may be appropriate for getting a boost in energy and eliminating fatigue in patients with depression. These cases suggest that further studies are warranted to confirm the potential benefit of this strategy in the treatment of patients with depression who failed to attain complete remission due to residual symptoms including energy loss and fatigue refractory to previous treatments.
Role of Thymus Oil in Burn Wound Healing (2003)

Thymus oil and its components are becoming increasingly popular as naturally occurring antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. The real importance of thymus on nitric oxide (NO) is unknown. NO is an important mediator in numerous physiologic and pathophysiologic events. Stasis and thrombosis in burn wound can progress as a result of the release of local mediators. The implication of NO in burn injury is not well studied. In this study, we tried to determine the role of burn-induced NO and whether thymus oil plays a protective role after a thermal injury. Rats were divided into five groups. We topically applied thymus oil, olive oil, and silverdin and sulfadiazine on the rats, respectively, during a period of 21 days after they were burned while under anesthesia. The burned control group and nonburned control group did not receive any treatment. The results of this study show that NO was overproduced by thermal injury and decreased during the days after burn injury. The decrease in rats treated with thymus and sulfadiazine was higher than the others. These data indicate that thymus oil may serve as a protective agent to the damaged tissues by decreasing the NO level. Histologic examination results show that the formation of new tissue in rats receiving thymus oil was more than other burned groups, and this finding supports our hypothesis.
Soft-decision decoding of Reed-Muller codes as generalized multiple concatenated codes (1995)

Constructs Reed-Muller codes by generalized multiple concatenation of binary block codes of length 2. As a consequence of this construction, a new decoding procedure is derived that uses soft-decision information. The algorithm is designed for low decoding complexity and is applicable to all Reed-Muller codes. It gives better decoding performance than soft-decision bounded-distance decoding. Its decoding complexity is much lower than that of maximum-likelihood trellis decoding of Reed-Muller codes, especially for long codes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Endogenous Serine Protease Inhibitor Modulates Epileptic Activity and Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation (1997)

Protease nexin-1 (PN-1), a member of the serpin superfamily, controls the activity of extracellular serine proteases and is expressed in the brain. Mutant mice overexpressing PN-1 in brain under the control of the Thy-1 promoter (Thy 1/PN-1) or lacking PN-1 (PN-1-/-) were found to develop epileptic activity in vivo and in vitro. Theta burst-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) and NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the CA1 field of hippocampal slices were augmented in Thy 1/PN-1 mice and reduced in PN-1-/- mice. Compensatory changes in GABA-mediated inhibition in Thy 1/PN-1 mice suggest that altered brain PN-1 levels lead to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission.
An immune paradox: How can the same chemokine axis regulate both immune tolerance and activation? (2010)

Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) drive and direct leukocyte traffic. New evidence suggests that the unusual CCR6/CCL20 chemokine receptor/ligand axis provides key homing signals for recently identified cells of the adaptive immune system, recruiting both pro-inflammatory and suppressive T cell subsets. Thus CCR6 and CCL20 have been recently implicated in various human pathologies, particularly in autoimmune disease. These studies have revealed that targeting CCR6/CCL20 can enhance or inhibit autoimmune disease depending on the cellular basis of pathogenesis and the cell subtype most affected through different CCR6/CCL20 manipulations. Here, we discuss the significance of this chemokine receptor/ligand axis in immune and inflammatory functions, consider the potential for targeting CCR6/CCL20 in human autoimmunity and propose that the shared evolutionary origins of pro-inflammatory and regulatory T cells may contribute to the reason why both immune activation and regulation might be controlled through the same chemokine pathway.
Flexible Normal‐Tangential Force Sensor with Opposite Resistance Responding for Highly Sensitive Artificial Skin (2018)

Abstract An electronic skin (e‐skin) that can detect both normal and tangential forces with a differentiable signals output is essential for wearable electronics. A flexible, stretchable, and highly sensitive tactile sensor is presented that enables the detection of both normal and tangential forces, with specific opposite and thus easily being differentiated resistance changing outputs. The e‐skin, which is based on two‐sublayered carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/graphene oxide (GO) hybrid 3D conductive networks, that are anchored on a thin porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer, is synthesized via a porogen (GO wrapped NaCl) assisted self‐assembling process. The fabricated CNTs/GO@PDMS‐based e‐skin shows superior sensitivity (gauge factor of 2.26 under a pressure loading of 1 kPa) to tangential force, moderate sensitivity (−0.31 kPa −1 at 0.05–3.8 kPa, and −0.03 kPa −1 at 3.8–6.3 kPa, respectively) to normal force, and a high‐reproducible response over 5000 loading cycles including stretching, bending, and shearing. For applications, the e‐skin can not only detect wrist pulsing, discriminating different roughness of surfaces, but also produce an obvious responding to an extremely slight ticking (<20 mg) from a feather, and even can real‐timely monitor human's breath and music in rhythm.
From Manpower Supply to Economic Revival: Governance and Financing of Chinese Higher Education (2000)

With an introduction to the overall underdevelopment of higher education in China compared with the American counterpart, this article briefly examines the main trends of over two decades of development of the governance and financing systems of China's higher education sector. This article analyzes the resource allocation from governments and revenue generation in institutions under the reform policies of administrative decentralization and financing diversification. The new "Great Leap Forward" in higher education in 1999 and beyond, i.e., the radical and, to a certain extent, desperate mass higher education policy and practice of expanding enrollments in order to spur domestic consumption, is critically analyzed. By examining the ongoing institutional merging and "co-building" and the most recent enrollment expansion, the writer points out the economic significance for higher education of overcoming diseconomies of scale and inefficiencies. However, the long-range outcomes of the seemingly exciting investment in and consumption of mass higher education are difficult to predict.
Buck and Boost Start-up Operation of a Three-Port Power Supply for Hybrid Vehicle Applications (2006)

In future hybrid automotive applications there will be multiple voltage systems in a single vehicle. It is desirable to have bi-directional, isolated power flow between these different voltage levels. The three-port power converter is able to achieve full bi-directional power flow by using a high-frequency transformer, with three windings, connected to a full-bridge converter on each winding or port. The normal control of the power flow between the ports is via phase-shift control of the individual full-bridge converters. However in the automotive application, there may be only a single power source for the initial powering up of the system and in this case, phase-shift control can not be used to start-up the converter system. This paper presents a start-up method for the three-port converter in which the converter is first operated in a buck-mode, followed by an output voltage boosting mode, and is able to finally operate with normal phase-shift control. Detailed analysis of the buck and boost mode during start-up is presented and verified by simulation
Optical parallel-access shared memory system: analysis and experimental demonstration (1995)

An optical implementation of a parallel-access shared memory uses a single photorefractive crystal and can realize the set of memory modules in a digital shared memory computer. This implementation uses two arrays of sources that are individually coherent but mutually incoherent from region to region across each array, and it permits incoherent/coherent double angular multiplexing of data in the crystal. A complete instruction set for its memory access consists of four operations, READ, WRITE, SELECTIVE ERASE, and REFRESH, which can be applied to any memory module independent of (and parallel with) instructions to the other memory modules. In addition, a memory module can execute a sequence of READ operations simultaneously with the execution of a WRITE operation to accommodate differences efficiently in optical recording and readout times common to optical volume storage media. An experimental shared memory system demonstrates two memory modules, each consisting of up to two 5-bit data blocks, implemented in a single Fe:LiNbO(3) crystal. The projected performance of the optical parallel-access shared memory system is analyzed and compared with conventional page-addressed volume holographic memories.