gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Polymorphism and Toxicology—With Emphasis on Cytochrome P450 (2010)

Individual susceptibility to environmental, chemical, and drug toxicity is to some extent determined by polymorphism in drug-metabolizing enzymes, in particular the cytochromes P450 (CYPs). This polymorphism is in particular translated into risk differences concerning drugs metabolized by the highly polymorphic enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6, whereas CYP enzymes active in procarcinogen activation are relatively well conserved without important functional polymorphisms. Examples of drug toxicities that can be predicted by P450 polymorphism include those exerted by codeine, tramadol, warfarin, acenocoumarol, and clopidogrel. The polymorphic CYP2A6 has a role in nicotine metabolism and smoking behavior. Besides this genetic variation, genome-wide association studies now allow for the identification of an increasing number of predictive genetic biomarkers among, e.g., human leukocyte antigens and to some extent drug transporters that provide useful information regarding the choice of the drug and drug dosage in order to avoid toxicity. The translation of this information into the clinical practice has been slow; however, an increasing number of pharmacogenomic drug labels are assigned, where the predictive genotyping before drug treatment can be mandatory, recommended, or only for informational purposes. In this review, we provide an update of the field with emphasis on CYP polymorphism.
The bionator/OCI as a retainer. (1998)

For over a century the complete and long term retention of orthodontic treatment results has been the "Achilles heel" of the orthodontic discipline, regardless of which particular technique was used to treat a given case nor which treatment philosophy spawned its methods. Yes, there are some cases that appear on the surface to remain orthodontically stable, preserving the beautiful results effected by the treating clinician's efforts without exhibiting even the most minuscule post-treatment changes in tooth position.
Direction finding with an array of antennas having diverse polarizations (1983)

The advantages of using diversely polarized antennas to determine bearings of multiple cochannel narrow-band signals are shown. Three bearing estimation algorithms-maximum likelihood (ML), adapted angular response (AAR), and Music (multiple signal classification)-are extended to handle antenna arrays with diverse polarizations; the maximum entropy method does not readily extend. The proposed algorithms are applicable to arbitrary antenna locations and directional characteristics and arbitrary noise correlations between the antenna outputs. The algorithms are compared on the basis of multiple signal resolution and bearing accuracy in the presence of noise. The Music algorithm exhibits superior performance at moderate to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
High TCL1 levels are a marker of B-cell receptor pathway responsiveness and adverse outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2009)

Although activation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), its clinical impact and the molecular correlates of such response are not clearly defined. T-cell leukemia 1 (TCL1), the AKT modulator and proto-oncogene, is differentially expressed in CLL and linked to its pathogenesis based on CD5(+) B-cell expansions arising in TCL1-transgenic mice. We studied here the association of TCL1 levels and its intracellular dynamics with the in vitro responses to BCR stimulation in 70 CLL cases. The growth kinetics after BCR engagement correlated strongly with the degree and timing of induced AKT phospho-activation. This signaling intensity was best predicted by TCL1 levels and the kinetics of TCL1-AKT corecruitment to BCR membrane activation complexes, which further included the kinases LYN, SYK, ZAP70, and PKC. High TCL1 levels were also strongly associated with aggressive disease features, such as advanced clinical stage, higher white blood cell counts, and shorter lymphocyte doubling time. Higher TCL1 levels independently predicted an inferior clinical outcome (ie, shorter progression-free survival, P < .001), regardless of therapy regimen, especially for ZAP70(+) tumors. We propose TCL1 as a marker of the BCR-responsive CLL subset identifying poor prognostic cases where targeting BCR-associated kinases may be therapeutically useful.
Accurate Procedure for Determining the Calibration Curve of High-Temperature Molten Salt Systems via Raman Spectroscopy (1993)

The measurement of the intensity of a Raman spectral peak presents one particular difficulty which does not appear in the measurement of absorption spectra of any kind. It is possible in absorption measurements to establish the absorption of the investigated substance by a direct comparison with the unimpaired beam which emerges from the same light source at any wavelength, continuously in two-beam instruments. A direct comparison is not possible for various reasons in case of the usually very weak intensity of the Raman emission, so the determination of a calibration curve in Raman scattering spectroscopy is difficult. The conventional method for obtaining a calibration curve of a Raman-active species is by the addition of an internal standard or by the use of solvent Raman signals as an internal standard. The former method is not suitable for molten salt systems at high temperature. For a molten salt system having no Raman signals other than Rayleigh scattering, the latter method is not applicable either. Here, we want to give a simple yet accurate method of determining calibration curves in such systems. The essence of the method is the use of the shoulder of the Rayleigh line as the normalization point, i.e., the internal standard. We illustrate here the basic principle of the method via the determination of a calibration curve for MgCl2 in a four-component composite melt at 720°C. However, the general method can be extended to determine calibration curves for other molten salt systems.
Case-Based Troubleshooting Knowledge Management (1999)

Lack of troubleshooting knowledge support combined with the time pressure to perform can adversely affect the performance on unplanned maintenance tasks. We propose that a knowledge management (KM) perspective should used to support unplanned maintenance tasks. The KM approach explicitly supports the continuous processes of creation, collection, organization, storage, and delivery of troubleshooting knowledge. We describe a set of methodologies based on the paradigm of case-based reasoning (CBR) for managing the troubleshooting knowledge. These methodologies have been implemented in a suite of software tools called SpotLight*. We demonstrate our approach with three applications in the aerospace industry. Exploratory analysis from a field trial at a regional airline shows that the tools can potentially generate cost savings of 8 % on departure delays and cancellations. Issues for further research are presented.
Casein Kinase 1δ/ε Inhibitor PF-5006739 Attenuates Opioid Drug-Seeking Behavior (2014)

Casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) and casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) inhibitors are potential therapeutic agents for a range of psychiatric disorders. The feasibility of developing a CNS kinase inhibitor has been limited by an inability to identify safe brain-penetrant compounds with high kinome selectivity. Guided by structure-based drug design, potent and selective CK1δ/ε inhibitors have now been identified that address this gap, through the design and synthesis of novel 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives. PF-5006739 (6) possesses a desirable profile, with low nanomolar in vitro potency for CK1δ/ε (IC50 = 3.9 and 17.0 nM, respectively) and high kinome selectivity. In vivo, 6 demonstrated robust centrally mediated circadian rhythm phase-delaying effects in both nocturnal and diurnal animal models. Further, 6 dose-dependently attenuated opioid drug-seeking behavior in a rodent operant reinstatement model in animals trained to self-administer fentanyl. Collectively, our data supports further development of 6 as a promising candidate to test the hypothesis of CK1δ/ε inhibition in treating multiple indications in the clinic.
Computer control using human intracortical local field potentials (2004)

We describe the use of human cortical control signals to operate two assistive technology tools--a virtual keyboard speller and a computer-simulated digit. The cortical signals used for control are local field potentials recorded through an implanted neurotrophic electrode. In this system, the patients' cortical signals are transmitted wirelessly to a receiver and translated by computer software into either a computer cursor movement (for the virtual keyboard) or flexion of a cyber digit on a virtual hand. This report focuses on the progress of two subjects toward effective use of their "virtual" neuro-prosthetic devices to meet their assistive technology needs.
Fast individual ancestry inference from DNA sequence data leveraging allele frequencies for multiple populations (2015)

Our method is an efficient and versatile tool for estimating ancestry from DNA sequence data and is available from https://sites.google.com/site/vibansal/software/iAdmix .
Chloroplast transit peptide prediction: a peek inside the black box (2001)

Previous work in predicting protein localization to the chloroplast organelle in plants led to the development of an artificial neural network-based approach capable of remarkable accuracy in its prediction (ChloroP). A common criticism against such neural network models is that it is difficult to interpret the criteria that are used in making predictions. We address this concern with several new prediction methods that base predictions explicitly on the abundance of different amino acid types in the N-terminal region of the protein. Our successful prediction accuracy suggests that ChloroP uses little positional information in its decision-making; an unexpected result given the elaborate ChloroP input scheme. By removing positional information, our simpler methods allow us to identify those amino acids that are useful for successful prediction. The identification of important sequence features, such as amino acid content, is advantageous if one of the goals of localization predictors is to gain an understanding of the biological process of chloroplast localization. Our most accurate predictor combines principal component analysis and logistic regression. Web-based prediction using this method is available online at http://apicoplast.cis.upenn.edu/pclr/.
The Flesh‐Eating Bacterium: What's Next? (1999)

Since the 1980s, there has been a marked increase in the recognition and reporting of highly invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections associated with shock and organ failure, with or without necrotizing fasciitis. Such dramatic cases have been defined as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (StrepTSS). Strains of GAS isolated from patients with invasive disease have been predominantly M types 1 and 3, which produce either pyrogenic exotoxin A or B or both. The clinical and demographic features of streptococcal bacteremia, myositis, and necrotizing fasciitis are presented and compared with those of StrepTSS. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of invasive streptococcal infection will be presented, with emphasis on the interaction between GAS virulence factors and host defense mechanisms. Finally, new concepts in the treatment of StrepTSS will be discussed.
Kinetic analysis of electroless deposition of copper (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic analysis of electroless deposition of copperR. Schumacher, J. J. Pesek, and O. R. MelroyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 20, 4338–4342Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100266a037https://doi.org/10.1021/j100266a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views656Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Novel Method for Additive/Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing of Metallic Parts (2016)

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been developed for industrial applications due to its superior capabilities, such as building complicated parts that are otherwise difficult to manufacture by the conventional methods. However, the dimensional and geometric accuracies as well as surface quality of an AM produced part are inferior to the conventionally machined part, which hinders the AM applications. A novel additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing (A/SM) method is developed to take advantage of both simplex AM and precision milling. The method combines the selective laser melting with precision milling for improved surface finish as well as geometric and dimensional accuracies of a part. This study presents the research outcomes of A/SM of an 18Ni maraging steel part, analyzes its microstructure and hardness variations, and compares it with those made by the simplex AM and other methods. The study also deals with material characterization with X Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and hardness measurement. The study provides a valuable guide for determining the A/SM process parameters.
Novel Isoforms of Periostin Expressed in the Human Thyroid (2010)

Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein. Five isoforms of human periostin cDNA have been reported, but the expression of periostin isoforms in the human thyroid tissue is by far unknown. A group of primer sets were designed to amplify the full length of cDNA sequence of periostin. Using human thyroid carcinoma and their paired non-neoplastic tissues together with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines, we examined the presence of periostin cDNA isoforms by RT-PCR and direct DNA sequence analysis. We identified eight coexisting cDNA isoforms in all the tissue samples and cell lines. Three of them were unique to this study. Especially two of them haven't been previously reported in any species. The eight periostin isoforms differ in the C-terminus from exon XII to exon XXI where alternative splicing usually happens. This is the first report that demonstrates all the eight isoforms of periostin cDNA expressed in the human thyroid gland and identifies three novel isoforms.
Hydrophobically modified poly(vinyl alcohol) and bentonite nanocomposites thereof: Barrier, mechanical, and aesthetic properties (2014)

ABSTRACT Composite films were formed by incorporating three different bentonites into an ethylene modified, water‐soluble poly(vinyl alcohol), EPVOH. The interaction of EPVOH with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bentonites was investigated. EPVOH provided lower water vapor and oxygen transmission rates compared to a conventional PVOH grade when exposed at high relative humidities (70–90% RH). EPVOH films which exhibited oxygen barrier properties comparable to that of a biaxially oriented PET packaging film at 80% RH were produced. High compatibility between EPVOH and hydrophilic bentonites provided an even distribution of clay platelets in the composites. A strong increase in Young's modulus with increased addition of any of the three bentonites was found. At low addition levels the hydrophobic bentonite proved to be effective in terms of maintaining high elongation at break, high transparency and high gloss. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41737.
High Levels of Urinary Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Women with Severe Preeclampsia (2004)

Elevated plasma VEGF concentrations in preeclampsia are associated with local placental ischemia and endothelial dysfunction. We investigated the urinary VEGF excretion in women with severe preeclampsia (n=37) and its relation with proteinuria compared to that in healthy pregnant (n=32) and non-pregnant women (n=30). In women with severe preeclampsia VEGF levels were 54.0 (19.9–192.4) ng/mmol creatinine, significantly (p<0.0001) higher than levels in pregnant controls (28.2 (6.7–63.0) ng/mmol creatinine) and non-pregnant controls (29.5 (10.1–59.1) ng/mmol creatinine). Proteinuria was not significantly correlated with urinary VEGF levels. In conclusion, high urinary VEGF concentrations in severe preeclampsia might reflect increased renal production of VEGF rather than elevated VEGF levels in the systemic circulation.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE NON‐STEROIDAL ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY DRUGS, NAPROXEN, BENOXAPROFEN AND INDOMETHACIN (1988)

Abstract— The photochemical reactivity of the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, naproxen and indomethacin, has been studied and compared with benoxaprofen, a similar compound of known cutaneous phototoxicity. Although indomethacin shows some phosphorescence at 77 K, flash photolysis at room temperature revealed only a weak photoionization process, and no photochemical reactivity was detected in steady state photolysis. Naproxen has strong fluorescence and phosphorescence, and in laser flash photolysis showed photoionization and a triplet state species in approximately equal yield. Naproxen and benoxaprofen produced singlet oxygen with similar quantum yield, as deduced from the sensitized rates of photooxidation of 2,5‐dimethylfuran. Naproxen underwent photodecarboxylation as detected by ESR‐spin trap experiments with 2‐methyl‐2‐nitrosopropane. The decarboxy‐naproxen radical combined readily with oxygen in aerated solution, and l‐(6‐methoxy‐2‐napthyl)ethanol and 2‐acetyl‐6‐methoxynaphthalene were formed as the oxidation products. In deaer‐ated solution, the major product was 2‐ethyI‐6‐methoxynaphthalene, with the alcohol also formed. In comparison, benoxaprofen also underwent decarboxylation, with much higher quantum yield, but the decarboxy‐benoxaprofen radical did not add oxygen. This difference in photoreactivity between naproxen and benoxaprofen, together with the much lower molar absorptivity of naproxen are the significant factors in relating to the differences in reported levels of clinical photosensitivity responses.
U.S. Department of Energy Office of Occupational Medicine and Medical Surveillance 1995--1997 triannual report (1998)

From 1995 through 1997 the Office of Occupational Medicine and Medical Surveillance (EH-61) has made numerous achievements that have enhanced the performance of the office and more importantly, the Department of Energy (DOE). This report provides specific information about program activities and accomplishments, as well as individual contacts for each program. The mission of EH-61 is the prevention of worker illness by fostering outstanding occupational medicine and medical surveillance programs within the DOE complex. This mission is being realized as a result of efforts in four main business lines: (1) Surveillance; (2) Research, (3) Policy/Technical Support; and (4) Information/Communication.
High Performance MEA Development and Application for High Power Output DMFC (2016)

By optimizing the MEA design and utilizing novel thin electrolyte membrane, we have developed high performance MEA for DMFC capable of providing more than 300mW/cm 2 when supplying with ambient pressure air and liquid methanol. The MEA with ultra-thin membrane has achieved high power density without compromising fuel efficiency and energy density. The single cell durability has been performed under accelerating ageing protocol, which is expected to have lifetime of around 40,000 hours under normal working conditions. The big size MEA fabricated in-house has been applied to the development of high power output DMFC stack and system. With the new MEA, more than 1KW of stable power output has been obtained during uninterrupted operation of 100 hours each time. The long working time and high reliability are well suited for back-up power application. The stack with over 1KW output has demonstrated less than 10% degradation after operating more than 2000 hours.
The Finite Element Method: A Practical Course (2013)

Written for practicing engineers and students alike, this book emphasizes the role of finite element modeling and simulation in the engineering design process. It provides the necessary theories and techniques of the FEM in a concise and easy-to-understand format and applies the techniques to civil, mechanical, and aerospace problems. Updated throughout for current developments in FEM and FEM software, the book also includes case studies, diagrams, illustrations, and tables to help demonstrate the material.
Ion chemistry of chloroethanes in air at atmospheric pressure (2001)

Abstract Ion chemistry at atmospheric pressure is of major relevance to novel methods for the abatement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that employ non‐thermal plasmas. For this reason, positive and negative APCI (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization) mass spectra of all six di‐, tri‐ and tetrachloroethanes diluted in air (500–1500 ppm) at atmospheric pressure were investigated at 30 °C and at 300 °C. Spectral changes due to collisional activation of the ions achieved by increasing ΔV, the potential difference between sampling and skimmer cones, are informative of structures and ion‐molecule reactions. Positive ion chemistry of the chloroethanes (M) can, in general, be ascribed to C‐C and C‐Cl cleavages of the molecular ion, M +· , never detected but likely formed via exothermic charge exchange from primary ions of the APCI plasma. Exceptions to this characteristic pattern were observed for 1,1‐dichloroethane and 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane, which give [M − H] + and [M − HCl] +· species, respectively. It is suggested that both such species are due to ionization via hydride transfer. Upon increasing ΔV, the [M − HCl] +· ion formed from 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane undergoes the same fragmentation and ion‐molecule reactions previously reported for trichloroethene. A nucleophilic reaction of water within the [C 2 H 4 Cl + ](H 2 O) n ionic complexes to displace HCl is postulated to account for the [C 2 H 5 O + ](H 2 O) m species observed in the positive APCI spectra of the dichloroethanes. Negative ion spectra are, for all investigated chloroethanes, dominated by Cl − and its ion‐neutral complexes with one, two and, in some cases, three molecules of the neutral precursor and/or water. Another common feature is the formation of species (X − )(M) n where X − is a background ion of the APCI plasma, namely O 2 − ,O 3 − and, in some cases, (NO) 2 − . Peculiar to 1,1,1‐trichloroethane are species attributed to Cl − complexes with phosgene, (Cl − )(Cl 2 C=O) n (n = 1,2). Such complexes, which were not observed for either the isomeric 1,1,2‐trichloroethane or for the tetrachloroethanes, are of interest as oxidation intermediates in the corona‐induced decomposition process. No conclusions can be drawn in the case of the dichloroethanes, since, for these compounds, the ions (Cl − )(Cl 2 C=O) n and (Cl − )(M) n happen to be isobaric. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.