gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of new water‐soluble bis‐quaternary ammonium methacrylate polymers (2004)

Abstract New methacrylate monomers containing pendant quaternary ammonium moieties based on 1,4‐diazabicyclo‐[2.2.2]‐octane (DABCO) were synthesized. The DABCO group contains either a butyl or a hexyl pendant group comprising the hydrophobic segment of the monomers and one tether group to the methacrylate moiety. The monomers were homopolymerized in water by using 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionamide) dihydrochloride (V‐50) as an initiator. The monomers and polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FTIR, and 13 C‐NMR. The antimicrobial activities of the corresponding small molecules (bis‐quaternary ammonium monocarboxylates) and polymers were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . Although the small molecules did not show any antimicrobial activity, the polymers were moderately effective against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the polymers with butyl and hexyl hydrocarbon chains against S. aureus and E. coli were found to be 250 and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value for the polymer with the butyl group was higher than 1 mg/mL, whereas the MBC value for the polymer with hexyl group was found to be 62.5 μg/mL. Thus, an increase of the alkyl chain length from 4 to 6 significantly increased the antimicrobial activity of the polymer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 635–642, 2004
Pill Esophagitis (1999)

Nine hundred seventy-nine cases of pill esophagitis due to nearly 100 different medications are reviewed. Pill-induced injuries occur when caustic medicinal pills dissolve in the esophagus rather than passing rapidly into the stomach as intended. Most patients suffer only self-limited pain, but esophageal hemorrhage, stricture, and perforation may occur, and fatal injuries have been reported. The incidence of this iatrogenic injury can be reduced but not eliminated by emphasizing the importance of taking pills while upright and with plenty of fluids.
Functional Interrelationships between Cell Membrane and Cell Wall in Antimicrobial Peptide-Mediated Killing of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2005)

Perturbation of the Staphylococcus aureus cytoplasmic membrane (CM) is felt to play a key role in the microbicidal mechanism of many antimicrobial peptides (APs). However, it is not established whether membrane permeabilization (MP) alone is sufficient to kill susceptible staphylococci or if the cell wall (CW) and/or intracellular targets contribute to AP-induced lethality. We hypothesized that the relationships between MP and killing may differ for distinct APs. In this study, we investigated the association between AP-induced MP and lethality in S. aureus whole cells versus CW-free protoplasts, and in comparison to the MP of liposomes modeled after whole CMs in terms of phospholipid composition, fluidity and charge. Four APs with different structure-activity relationships were examined: thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein 1 (tPMP-1), human neutrophil protein 1 (hNP-1), gramicidin D, and polymyxin B. MP was quantified fluorometrically by calcein release. All APs tested, except polymyxin B, caused concentration-dependent MP and killing of whole cells, but not of protoplasts. The reduced AP susceptibility of protoplasts was associated with increased cardiolipin and lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol content and reduced fluidity of their CMs. However, liposomal MP induced by tPMP-1, hNP-1, and gramicidin D paralleled that of whole cells. Collectively, these results indicate that (i) structurally distinct APs likely exert their staphylocidal effects by differing mechanisms, (ii) MP is not the sole event leading to AP-induced staphylocidal activity, (iii) a complex interrelationship exists between the CM and CW in AP-induced killing, and (iv) liposomes modeled upon whole cell or protoplast CMs can recapitulate the respective susceptibilities to killing by distinct APs.
A neural mass model for simulating modulation of cortical activity with transcranial direct current stimulation (2013)

International audience
From Inverse Design to Implementation of Practical Photonics (2019)

A computational photonics design based on gradient-based optimization, known as inverse design, is presented. Practical applications range from wavelength demultiplexer, to spatial mode demultiplexer, grating coupler, laser-driven accelerators and nonreciprocal pulse router.
Relationship between Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Status, p16INK4A, and Outcome in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2011)

Knowledge of HPV and EGFR status can have implications for treatment options and prognosis in HNSCC.
Caesium-selective poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrodes based on calix[6]arene esters (1990)

Hexameric calix[6]arene ester compounds have shown an ability to extract large alkali metal ions such as caesium and rubidium in phase transfer studies. A potentiometric selectivity study has been made using two ester containing hexameric calix[6]arenes, p-tert-butyl hexaethyl ester (1a) and the unsubstituted hexaethyl ester (1b), as the ionophores for caesium ions. Six electrodes were prepared with 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as the solvent mediator and various amounts of potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate as the ion exchanger in a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. The ligands examined produced electrodes with near-Nernstian slopes; the selectivity coefficients for caesium with respect to rubidium, potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, hydrogen and ammonium were determined. Lifetimes of at least 1 month were estimated.
Coexpression of neuropilin-1, Flk1, and VEGF<sub>164</sub>in developing and mature mouse kidney glomeruli (2000)

Neuropilin-1, a neuronal cell surface semaphorin III receptor protein important for axonal guidance in developing peripheral nervous system efferents, has also been identified as a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor on endothelial cells. To evaluate its expression in kidney, we carried out RT-PCR on newborn and adult total renal RNAs. A 403-bp product, which was predicted to be that from neuropilin-1 mRNA, was found in both samples. Nucleotide sequencing confirmed that these products encoded neuropilin-1. Northern analysis of newborn and adult kidney RNA showed specific hybridization to appropriately sized bands of approximately 6 kb. In situ hybridization with a mouse-specific antisense neuropilin-1 (35)S-cRNA probe showed distinct glomerular localization on sections from both newborns and adults. Similar patterns of hybridization were seen in sections treated with antisense cRNA probes against another VEGF receptor, Flk1, and with VEGF probes. However, the VEGF hybridization signal was markedly less in adult glomeruli than those for neuropilin-1 and Flk1. Because neuropilin-1 specifically binds VEGF(165) in humans, we carried out RT-PCR on mouse kidney RNA with primers that amplified the three alternatively spliced isoforms of VEGF mRNA. Our analysis showed that for both newborn and adult kidneys, the relative abundance of VEGF mRNA was VEGF(164) >> VEGF(120) > VEGF(188). We conclude that the expression of neuropilin-1, in conjunction with Flk1 and VEGF(164), jointly contributes to the development and maintenance of glomerular capillaries.
Filter design and optimizing based on a neural network (2011)

Filters are fundamental components widely used in Electric Information and Control Engineering. Filters based on rectangular waveguide have good performance with low loss, high operation frequencies and high power. But the design and optimizing is a rather complex job. In this paper, a neural network is introduced to optimize two parameters in a waveguide band-pass filter. The result shows that after training, the neural network can predict the S parameter well and make the process of optimizing easier.
Acid/Base Properties of Fumed Silica Fillers Used in Silicone Elastomers (1994)

Abstract Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy (PAS) were used to investigate the effects of thermal history and silane treatment on the surface energetics of various fumed silica fillers. The specific interaction parameter, Isp, was a factor of 2.3 (THF probe) lower for a silane treated fumed silica (Degussa R972) relative to an untreated filler (Degussa A200), thus confirming the deactivating effects of silane treatment. Heat treatment of raw fumed silica (Cabot HS-5) at 150°C and 650°C decreased Isp (THF probe) from 15.3 kJ/mol to 10.5 kJ/mol. This decrease was attributed to the loss of bound water and surface silanols. The dispersive interactions increased with heat treatment as a result of the formation of higher electron density sites such as strained Si-O-Si bonds. Silazane-treated fillers were prepared using heat treated and hydrated feedstocks. Isp values were a factor of 2-30 lower, depending upon the probe, for silazane-treated fillers made from heat treated feedstock. The dispersive interactions increased from 27.2 mJ/m2 to 57.8 mJ/m2 as a result of using heat treated feedstock, thus suggesting some of the strained Si-O-Si bonds formed upon drying remained intact even after silazane treatment.
A comparison of channel indium content in low noise metamorphic HEMTs with In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (0.3<X⩽0.6) (2000)

GaAs metamorphic HEMTs promise to be the next generation of transistor technology to fill the emerging demand for high performance millimeter-wave low noise devices. This paper will present the first exploration of InGaAs HEMTs with various indium contents between 19% to 60%. F/sub min/ and associated gain data from pHEMTs with 19% indium and MHEMTs with 33%, 43%, 53% and 60% indium channels will be presented.
Personalization through mask marketing (2003)

Customized marketing, so called 1-to-1 marketing, is often viewed as the panacea of e-commerce. User profiles, such as click streams logging every site the user accesses, are exploited to generate a profile of interests of the users. Marketing measures like advertisements in form of banners or product presentation are tailored according to these profiles. This kind of customizing suffers from insufficient information about the current interests of the users: the profiles are only a collection of past actions of the users. Additionally, sometimes personalization is seen an invasion of privacy and often unsolicited advertisements unrelated to the users' real interests are cited as an example of the nuisances of 1-to-1 marketing. This shows the dilemma that 1-to-1 marketing faces: The users feel they already offer too much information about themselves. Currently, users solve this dilemma by disabling all technical means that enable user profiling, e.g. by disabling cookies in their Web browsers, using anonymity services, and providing fake identities to Web sites. We propose an approach based on peer-to-peer networks to allow marketing to a specific target group while preserving the privacy of users, we call it mask-marketing. In this concept a user assumes the identity of a mask representing his or her intentions. E.g., a user buying a Christmas present will use the "Christmas shopping" identity, afterwards the same user may use an "engineering" mask for an information search relating to his work. The users are able to present their preferences and intentions without these being attributable to their true identity. The masks, which are technically realized by sharing cookies, are distributed and updated using a peer-to-peer networking approach. This permits use of a mask by several different users. All actions performed by different users under the identity of one mask contribute to the profile of this mask. Creation and distribution don't require a central service. This is an advantage since the sensitive profile data is not concentrated in a central entity in the network, which could be viewed by privacy sensitive users with suspicion.
How Bankers and Small Households Adjust to Risk in Dryland Agriculture: A Case Study of Two Blocks in Karnataka, India (1997)

In India, the credit needs of dryland farmers, especially small and marginal farmers, are served largely by non-institutional sources. The formal bank ing system follows a risk-averse strategy towards lending to this segment, and does not appear to attach any significance to the generation of substantial intangible benefits to households through financial intermedia tion. After analysing the risk perceptions of households and banks in the Harihar and Mulkamuru blocks in Karnataka, the authors of this paper point to the need to develop an integrated approach to risk management while extending loans to dryland agriculture.
Exploring the back of the steering wheel (2012)

Safe interaction with interactive systems in the car requires both hands to be placed on the steering wheel and eyes to be kept on the road. To allow safe text input in the vehicle, we propose the back of the steering wheel as space for interactive text input elements. In the effort to explore this space, we present two design alternatives for text input elements; one has two sliding sensors and the other has three buttons on each side of the wheel. In combination with a head up display and an adapted keyboard layout, these elements allow text input while driving with the eyes on the road an the hands on the wheel. In a first study with end users, we show the potential of the proposed text input approach for future vehicles.
Design of an interactive lumbar puncture simulator with tactile feedback (2002)

Lumbar puncture for purposes of administering spinal or epidural anesthesia is a complex clinical skill which requires the clinician to precisely correlate a detailed mental map of hidden three-dimensional anatomy with tactile feedback from the spinal needle as it is inserted. To be successful the trainee must create a mental map of the anatomy by integrating atlas illustrations with bony and/or surface landmarks. The placement of the needle must then be guided by the continuous correlation of this mental map and the tactile feedback, or "feel," of the needle as it is being inserted. The simulator consists of a combination of specialized hardware and custom software running on a high-resolution graphics workstation. The major piece of specialized hardware is the force-feedback needle simulator. This is a specialized joystick which resembles a long, thin pen or wand swivel-mounted to a vertical face of a box roughly 12 inches on a side. Position sensors track the insertion angle or trajectory of the device while a programmable motor or actuator will provide variable resistance to insertion depending upon which simulated anatomic structures the virtual needle is penetrating. If an incorrect trajectory is used and bone is contacted the resulting sudden sharp increase in resistance would be conveyed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Augmenting deformable objects in real-time (2005)

We present a real-time system that can draw virtual patterns or images on deforming real objects by estimating both the deformations and the shading parameters. We show that this is what is required to render the virtual elements so that they blend convincingly with the surrounding real textures. The whole process of uncompressing the video stream, measuring the deformations, estimating the lighting parameters, and realistically augmenting the input image takes about 100 ms on a 2.8 GHz PC. It is fully automated and does not require any manual initialization or engineering of the scene. It is also robust to large deformations, lighting changes, motion blur, specularities, and occlusions. It can therefore be demonstrated live on a simple laptop.
Minireview: Steroidogenic Factor 1: Its Roles in Differentiation, Development, and Disease (2010)

The orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1, also called Ad4BP, encoded by the NR5A1 gene) is an essential regulator of endocrine development and function. Initially identified as a tissue-specific transcriptional regulator of cytochrome P450 steroid hydroxylases, studies of both global and tissue-specific knockout mice have demonstrated that SF-1 is required for the development of the adrenal glands, gonads, and ventromedial hypothalamus and for the proper functioning of pituitary gonadotropes. Many genes are transcriptionally regulated by SF-1, and many proteins, in turn, interact with SF-1 and modulate its activity. Whereas mice with heterozygous mutations that disrupt SF-1 function have only subtle abnormalities, humans with heterozygous SF-1 mutations can present with XY sex reversal (i.e. testicular failure), ovarian failure, and occasionally adrenal insufficiency; dysregulation of SF-1 has been linked to diseases such as endometriosis and adrenocortical carcinoma. The current state of knowledge of this important transcription factor will be reviewed with a particular emphasis on the pioneering work on SF-1 by the late Keith Parker.
A Test of the Spirensian Sources of Livy's Text in Books XXVI–XXX (1933)

It may be of interest to supplement the latter part of Professor Conway's article by a note applying the same standards to estimating the value of the other sources on which (together with Rhenanus' incomplete record) we have to rely for our knowledge of the Spirensian tradition. Apart from ‘ L ’ and Harl. 2684 (which is Spirensian only from xxix. 3. 15 to xxx. 21. 12) Luchs used for this purpose three partially Spirensian sources: ( a ) the one fourteenth-century and four fifteenth-century MSS whose archetype he called ‘ R ’ (to be called θ in the Oxford Text) ( b ) V , the fifteenth-century Vat. Pal. 876, and ( c ) the fifteenth-century Flor. Laur. lxxxix. inf. 1. The last mentioned may be dismissed as practically valueless and as supplying little more than new corruptions from an unusually contaminated intermediary. In addition to these deteriores Luchs used the Agennensis ( Harl. 2493), but only for the Spirensian supplement in Book xxvi' (where the omission in N is not supplied by any corrector) and for the last part of Book xxx (where A like N contains a supplement). He did not deal at all with the Spirensian textual correctors in A .
Applications of Copper-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Activity-Based Protein Profiling (2014)

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a chemical proteomic technique that enables the interrogation of protein activity directly within complex proteomes. Given the dominant role of posttranslational modifications in regulating protein function in vivo, ABPP provides a direct readout of activity that is not attained through traditional proteomic methods. ABPP relies on the design of covalent binding probes that either target a specific enzyme or a class of enzymes with related function. These covalent warheads are coupled to either fluorophores or biotin groups for visualization and enrichment of these active proteins. The advent of bioorthogonal chemistries, in particular, the copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), has benefitted the field of ABPP by achieving the following: (1) replacing bulky reporter groups with smaller alkyne or azide groups to promote cell permeability; (2) adding modularity to the system such that a single probe can be diversified with a variety of reporter groups without the need to develop new synthetic routes; and (3) enabling the conjugation of complex linkers to facilitate quantitative proteomic analyses. Here, we summarize recent examples of CuAAC in ABPP that serve to illustrate the contribution of bioorthogonal chemistry to advancing discoveries in this field.
Point mutation causing a single amino acid substitution in the hormone binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor in familial glucocorticoid resistance. (1991)

Familial glucocorticoid resistance is a hypertensive, hyperandrogenic disorder characterized by increased serum cortisol concentrations in the absence of stigmata of Cushing's syndrome. Our previous studies of the first reported kindred showed a two- to threefold reduction in glucocorticoid receptor-ligand binding affinity in the propositus, and a lesser reduction in affinity in his mildly affected son and nephew. Glucocorticoid receptor cDNA from these three patients was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The cDNA nucleotide sequence was normal, except for nucleotide 2054, which substituted valine for aspartic acid at amino acid residue 641. The propositus was homozygous while the other relatives were heterozygous for the mutation. COS-7 monkey kidney cells were cotransfected with expression vectors for either wild type or Val 641-mutant receptors, together with the reporter plasmid pMMTV-CAT. Dexamethasone increased chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in cells expressing wild type receptor, but had no effect in cells expressing Val 641-mutant receptors, despite similar receptor concentrations, as indicated by Western blotting. The binding affinity for dexamethasone of the Val 641-mutant receptor was threefold lower than that of the wild type receptor. These results suggest that glucocorticoid resistance in this family is due to a point mutation in the steroid-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor.
Fast and simple fabrication of organic Bragg mirrors—application to plastic microchip lasers (2013)

Organic Bragg mirrors with high reflectivity were fabricated on different substrates using a simple spin-coating procedure. Due to the simplicity of the procedure, the complete stack of layers could be fabricated within a very short time (approx. 30 min). Since one of the used polymers was based on azobenzene, it was possible to use photo-induced birefringence of the azobenzene material to tune the stop-band of the fabricated mirrors by means of illumination with polarized light. These Bragg mirrors were applied to fabricate microchip laser devices. Devices fabricated with different laser dyes exhibited conversion efficiencies of up to 4%.
Cosmetic Science and Polymer Chemistry: Perfect Together (2013)

Cosmetic science has evolved significantly during the past thirty years. One of the principal drivers of such advancement has been the development of new color cosmetic formulations that deliver a combination of drastically improved functional performance and outstanding aesthetic properties. The key element enabling the creation of such high performance products is the increasingly widespread use of a broad spectrum of polymers in a wide range of color cosmetic formulations. The primary reasons for this trend are rooted in intrinsic attributes of polymers. Polymers typically are more substantive to biological substrates than are many of the fatty-based raw ingredients historically used in cosmetic formulations. Polymers also can be customized readily to meet very specific performance requirements. In some formulations, polymers have supplemented fatty-based raw ingredients as a means of improving product performance. In other formulations, advanced technology polymers have completely replaced traditional cosmetic chemicals in order to create products having superior skin adhesion and wear attributes. Polymer scientists should be aware of the safety and regulatory requirements peculiar to the cosmetic industry so as to engage cosmetic chemists in a productive way.