gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Doping studies and thermoelectric properties of TiS/sub 2/ (2005)

Titanium disulfide is a single-crystal semiconductor, which has been investigated for possible application in thermoelectric devices. Previous research has shown that TiS2 possesses thermopower values that are comparable to that of bismuth telluride, the standard thermoelectric material. Unfortunately, large thermal conductivity impedes the thermoelectric efficiency, leading to a ZT several times smaller than that of Bi2Te3. This research is concerned with synthesis of doped TiS2 systems to see if the thermal conductivity can be reduced while maintaining a relatively high thermopower. This paper is part of ongoing research into this system and presents the first phase of the experiment. Isovalent and n-type dopants from the transition metals, semimetals, and rare earth elements were used in syntheses to find doped systems that maintained high thermopower values. Thermal conductivity measurements of the systems which maintain the high initial thermopower values of TiS2 will be the next phase of the research.
Color image segmentation using modified HSI system for road following (2002)

A novel method for outdoor natural color image segmentation for road following is presented. From the results of experiments it can be seen that the hue, saturation, and intensity (HSI) system should be used rather than the red, green, blue (RGB) system, and segmentation can be done in S-I space with good performance. An automatic adaptive threshold selection method is developed. The preliminary results indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of this method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influences of Maternal Nutritional Status on Vascular Function in the Offspring (2007)

Fetal growth restriction leading to low birthweight is associated with increased risk of ischaemic heart disease and hypertension in later life. Increasingly, it is recognised that cardiovascular risk may also be initiated in early life when the fetus and neonate are exposed to maternal nutritional excess. This review summarises the studies in man and animals that have investigated the potential role of vascular disorders in the aetiology of atherosclerosis and hypertension arising from early life nutritional deprivation or excess. Malfunction of the arterial endothelial cell layer in the offspring has been frequently described in association with both maternal under and overnutritional states and may play a permissive role in the origin of these disorders. Also prevalent is evidence for increased stiffness of the large arteries which may contribute to systolic hypertension. Further investigation is required into the intriguing suggestion that early life nutritional imbalance may adversely influence vascular angiogenesis leading to rarefaction and increased peripheral vascular resistance.
Low Latency V2X Applications and Network Requirements: Performance Evaluation (2018)

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication promises improvements in road safety and efficiency by enabling low-latency and reliable communication services for vehicles. Besides using Mobile Broadband (MBB), there is a need to develop Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) applications with cellular networks especially when safety-related driving applications are concerned. Future cellular networks are expected to support novel latencysensitive use cases. Many applications of V2X communication, like collaborative autonomous driving requires very low latency and high reliability in order to support real-time communication between vehicles and other network elements. In this paper, we classify V2X use-cases and their requirements in order to identify cellular network technologies able to support them. The bottleneck problem of the medium access in 4G Long Term Evolution(LTE) networks is random access procedure. It is evaluated through simulations to further detail the future limitations and requirements. Limitations and improvement possibilities for next generation of cellular networks are finally detailed. Moreover, the results presented in this paper provide the limits of different parameter sets with regard to the requirements of V2X-based applications. In doing this, a starting point to migrate to Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) or 5G - solutions is given.
A graph analytic metric for mitigating advanced persistent threat (2013)

This paper introduces a novel graph analytic metric that can be used to measure the potential vulnerability of a cyber network to specific types of attacks that use lateral movement and privilege escalation such as the well-known Pass The Hash, (PTH). The metric is computed from an oriented subgraph of the underlying cyber network induced by selecting only those edges for which a given property holds between the two vertices of the edge. The metric with respect to a select node on the subgraph is defined as the likelihood that the select node is reachable from another arbitrary node in the graph. This metric can be calculated dynamically from the authorization and auditing layers during the network security authorization phase and will potentially enable predictive deterrence against attacks such as PTH.
Variants of the human prostate LNCaP cell line as tools to study discrete components of the androgen-mediated proliferative response. (1995)

Androgens regulate the proliferation of their target cells through a sequential two-step mechanism. In the first step, androgens increase proliferation rates; following this proliferative response, a second step of proliferative shutoff ensues. Human prostate LNCaP cell variants were used to assess whether the proliferative and shutoff effects of androgens could be segregated selectively by manipulating the hormonal milieu. The LNCaP-FGC and LNCaP-LNO cell lines were derived from the same biopsy specimen but exhibited different proliferative responses. Cell proliferation was inhibited by treatment with 10% charcoal-dextran stripped human serum in the LNCaP-FGC variant but not in LNCaP-LNO cells. Physiological androgen concentrations induced a proliferative shutoff in LNCaP-LNO cells (G1 arrest), an effect also expressed by LNCaP-FGC cells. This G1 arrest was irreversible in the LNCaP-FGC variant but was reversed upon androgen withdrawal in LNCaP-LNO cells. A new variant (LNCaP-TJA) was selected from LNCaP-LNO cells treated with 30 nM methyltrienolone for 4 months; these cells proliferated maximally regardless of the presence of androgens. All three cell variants had functional androgen receptors, and androgens induced prostate-specific antigen secretion. The androgen-induced proliferative shutoff in LNCaP-FGC and LNO cells was partially antagonized by antiandrogens and was not mediated by autocrine factors. Finally, the variant LNCaP cell lines described herein are probably representative of phenotypes present in prostate cancer patients during the course of this disease and may arise from selective pressure imposed by therapeutic protocols aimed at modifying the hormonal milieu of the host.
Phase-coherent lightwave communications with frequency combs (2020)

Fiber-optical networks are a crucial telecommunication infrastructure in society. Wavelength division multiplexing allows for transmitting parallel data streams over the fiber bandwidth, and coherent detection enables the use of sophisticated modulation formats and electronic compensation of signal impairments. Optical frequency combs can replace the multiple lasers used for the different wavelength channels. Beyond multiplexing, it has been suggested that the broadband phase coherence of frequency combs could simplify the receiver scheme by performing joint reception and processing of several wavelength channels, but an experimental validation in a fiber transmission experiment remains elusive. Here we demonstrate and quantify joint reception and processing of several wavelength channels in a full transmission system. We demonstrate two joint processing schemes; one that reduces the phase-tracking complexity and one that increases the transmission performance.
The Selection, Installation, and Operation of a Modern Chemical Based Technology for the DISSUB CO<sub>2</sub> Removal System in Royal Navy Submarines (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Having identified a deficiency in the Royal Navy's present DIStressed SUBmarine (DISSUB) Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) removal system the Marine Environment Sustainability and Habitability (MESH) IPT has run a project to assess a number of candidate technologies for use as a replacement system. Three technologies were examined initially, and a competitive procurement activity has been completed. From this a CO<sub>2</sub> removal system was selected for installation and operation in current and future classes of RN Submarines. This paper reports the results of this procurement activity.</div>
Photoneutron cross section measurements on [sup 9]Be using laser-induced compton-backscattered photons (2000)

Photoneutron cross sections were measured for 9Be in the energy range from 1.77 to 3.75 MeV using quasi-monochromatic γ-rays produced in laser-induced Compton-backscattering. These cross sections are relevant to the reaction rate of the first step of the α–process of Type II & Type Ib supernovae, i.e., α(α,n,γ)9Be. Results are compared to the data taken with other photon sources like radioactive isotopes and Bremsstrahlung.
Application Research of a New Symbolic Approximation Method-SAX in Time Series Mining (2006)

Clustering is one of the most common data mining methods,being a hot topic in its own right as an exploratory tool,and also a subroutine in more complex algorithms such as rule discovery and abnormal discovery.As a typical time series data,stock data has been widely used in data mining research.In this paper,a new symbolic method-SAX[1] is used in stock data clustering analysis.We apply the new method on stock data which is obtained from the Standard Poor 500 index.Moreover,we use two similarity measure method including Euclidean and Dynamic Time Warping in our experiments.The experiments result shows that clustering can better focus on the whole trend and the efficiency can be improved with the help of SAX.
Over 1.7 kV normally-off GaN hybrid MOS-HFETs with a lower on-resistance on a Si substrate (2011)

In this study, normally-off GaN hybrid MOS-HFET devices on 4-inch Si substrates were fabricated, and the device characteristics were examined. As a result, the breakdown voltage (Vb) was improved using a combination of a high-resistive carbon-doped back barrier layer and a thin channel layer of 50 nm. The specific on-resistance (RonA) was estimated to be less than 7.1 mΩcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for Lgd = 12 μm, and Vb was estimated to be over 1.71 kV for Lgd = 18 μm. To our knowledge, these values are the best results ever reported for normally-off GaN-based MOSFETs.
HALO TRACTION (1970)

1. The usefulness of the halo method of traction in orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery and plastic surgery is not widely appreciated. 2. Modifications of the apparatus are described and the technique of application is detailed. 3. Some advantages of the method are discussed.
Työpaikalla tapahtuvaa oppimista ja ohjausta edistävät ja estävät tekijät (2015)

Refereed article
The reform of vocational upper secondary education aims at increasing learning in the workplace. Learning in the workplace occurs through participation, but workplace as a learning environment requires guided learning as well. This descriptive literature review discusses guidance in the context of vocational education and training and as a part of learning in the workplace. The literature review aims to identify factors that support or hinder guidance and learning in the workplace. The data for the literature review consists of 17 peer-reviewed journal articles. In the content analysis, the factors were grouped together through inductive approach and then further into wider categories, in which abductive reasoning was used. Based on the literature review the factors supporting or hindering guidance and workplace learning relate to three main categories: community of practice and the learner, guidance relationship and training programme. The literature review aims at identifying good practices in workplace guidance, which can further support development of the learning in the workplace in the context of vocational education and training.
Influence of nitrogen and temperature on the plasma deposition of fluorinated amorphous carbon films (2002)

In this work, the effects of nitrogen addition on the properties of a-C:H:F films produced by rf plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at different temperatures are reported. The structural and optical properties were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible transmittance and ellipsometry measurements. The dependence of both fluorine and nitrogen incorporation in the carbon matrix on the deposition temperature was analyzed. The main effect of progressive nitrogen incorporation is a decrease of transmittance and optical band gap of the samples grown at room temperature and at 400 °C. Raman spectra evidence that for films deposited at 400 °C a sudden loss of sp3 carbon bonding occurs. In particular, at fixed plasma composition, the decrease of the optical band gap is interpreted as a clustering of the existing sp2 carbon sites. Ellipsometry characterization indicates that nitrogen incorporation for the samples deposited at room temperature induces an increase of the refractive index while films deposited at 400 °C are characterized by a reduction of the refractive index; this has been correlated to changes in the graphitic cluster size of the network. In particular, the increase in the deposition temperature produces an increase in the size of the graphitic clusters.
Simultaneous capture and shift power reduction test pattern generator for scan testing (2008)

An automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) technique, which simultaneously reduces capture and shift power during scan testing, is presented. This ATPG performs power reduction during dynamic test compaction so the test length overhead is very small. This low-power test generator implements several novel techniques, such as parity backtrace, confined propagation, dynamic controllability and post-fill test regeneration. The experimental data on ISCAS benchmark circuits show that the peak capture power and the peak shift power are reduced by 31% and 26%, respectively.
Gate-Extension Overlap Control by Sb Tilt Implantation (2007)

Antimony tilt implantation has been utilized for source and drain extension formation of n-MOSFETs. The tilt implantation is a very convenient method to provide adequate overlap between the extensions and a gate electrode. MOSFET drive current was effectively improved by the tilt implantation without degrading short channel effects.
EFFECT OF TUNGSTATE ON THE UPTAKE AND FUNCTION OF MOLYBDATE IN <i>AZOTOBACTER AGILIS</i> (1961)

Bulen, William A. (Charles F. Kettering Foundation, Yellow Springs, Ohio). Effect of tungstate on the uptake and function of molybdate in Azotobacter agilis. J. Bacteriol. 82:130-134. 1961.-The reported competitive inhibition of molybdate by tungstate was investigated in an effort to elucidate molybdenum functions associated with nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter agilis (A. vinelandii). Growth, respiration, and N(2) (15)-incorporation experiments with normal and molybdenum-deficient cells indicated that tungstate inhibits the uptake of molybdate but does not compete with the metabolically functional molybdenum of cells metabolizing N(2). Neither a molybdenum requirement nor a tungstate inhibition was observed with cells metabolizing urea.
Recognition of tertiary structure in tRNAs by Rh(phen)2phi3+, a new reagent for RNA structure-function mapping (1992)

With photoactivation Rh(phen)2phi3+ promotes strand cleavage at sites of tertiary interaction in tRNA. The rhodium complex, which binds double-helical DNA by intercalation in the major groove, yields no cleavage in double-helical regions of the RNA or in unstructured single-stranded regions. Instead, Rh(phen)2phi3+ appears to target regions which are structured so that the major groove is open and accessible for stacking with the complex, as occurs where bases are triply bonded. So as to examine the specificity of this novel reagent and to evaluate its use in probing structural changes in RNAs, cleavage studies have been conducted on two structurally characterized tRNAs, tRNA(Phe) and tRNA(Asp) from yeast, the unmodified yeast tRNA(Phe) transcript, and a chemically modified tRNA(Phe), as well as on a series of tRNA(Phe) mutants. On tRNA(Phe) strong cleavage is observed at residues G22, G45, U47, psi 55, and U59; weaker cleavage is observed at A44, m7G46, and C48. On tRNA(Asp) cleavage is found at residues A21 through G26, psi 32, and U48, with minor cleavage apparent at A44, G45, A46, psi 55, U59, and U60. There is a striking similarity in cleavage observed on these tRNAs, and the sites of cleavage mark regions of tertiary folding. Cleavage on the unmodified tRNA(Phe) transcript resembles closely that found on native yeast tRNA(Phe), but additional sites, primarily in the anticodon loop and stem, are evident. The results indicate that globally the structures containing or lacking the modified bases appear to be the same; the differences in cleavage observed may reflect a loosening or alteration in the structure due to the absence of the modified bases. Cleavage results on mutants of tRNA(Phe) illustrate Rh(phen)2phi3+ as a sensitive probe in characterizing tRNA tertiary structure. Results are consistent with other assays for structural or functional changes. Uniquely, Rh(phen)2phi3+ appears to target directly sites of tertiary interaction. Cleavage results on mutants which involve base changes within the triply bounded region of the molecule indicate that it is the structure of the triply bonded array rather than the individual nucleotides which are being targeted. Chemical modification to promote selective depurination of the third base (m7G46) involved in the triple in the folded, native tRNA leads to the reduction of cleavage by the metal complex; this result shows directly the importance of the stacked triple base structure for recognition by the metal complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Predicting direction detection thresholds for arbitrary translational acceleration profiles in the horizontal plane (2011)

In previous research, direction detection thresholds have been measured and successfully modeled by exposing participants to sinusoidal acceleration profiles of different durations. In this paper, we present measurements that reveal differences in thresholds depending not only on the duration of the profile, but also on the actual time course of the acceleration. The measurements are further explained by a model based on a transfer function, which is able to predict direction detection thresholds for all types of acceleration profiles. In order to quantify a participant's ability to detect the direction of motion in the horizontal plane, a four-alternative forced-choice task was implemented. Three types of acceleration profiles (sinusoidal, trapezoidal and triangular) were tested for three different durations (1.5, 2.36 and 5.86 s). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which varies both quantities (profile and duration) in a systematic way within a single experiment. The lowest thresholds were found for trapezoidal profiles and the highest for triangular profiles. Simulations for frequencies lower than the ones actually measured predict a change from this behavior: Sinusoidal profiles are predicted to yield the highest thresholds at low frequencies. This qualitative prediction is only possible with a model that is able to predict thresholds for different types of acceleration profiles. Our modeling approach represents an important advancement, because it allows for a more general and accurate description of perceptual thresholds for simple and complex translational motions.
Recombinant Coccidioides immitis complement-fixing antigen: detection of an epitope shared by C. immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Blastomyces dermatitidis (1997)

We undertook an investigation to assess the utility of a recombinant Coccidioides immitis complement-fixing (CF) antigen for detecting CF antibody in sera from patients with coccidioidomycosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays established that recombinant CF antigen and, for comparison, a commercially available coccidioidin were reactive with 19 of 19 sera from patients with active coccidioidomycosis. The recombinant antigen was significantly more sensitive than coccidioidin. The median titer obtained when patients' sera were assayed against recombinant CF antigen was 1:51,200 compared to 1:25,600 with coccidioidin (P < 0.027). The recombinant antigen was also more effective in distinguishing the antibody levels in sera from patients with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis than in sera from those with disseminated disease. Whereas patients with pulmonary disease showed a median antibody titer of 1:25,600, those with multifocal disease showed a median titer of 1:102,400 (P < 0.028). The recombinant CF antigen was found, however, to express an epitope(s) that reacted with sera from 6 of 12 patients with histoplasmosis and 2 of 12 patients with blastomycosis.
Low Voltage Positive Ion Source (1937)

A positive ion source of the low voltage constricted arc type, which yields intense positive ion beams with small gas pumping, is described. Ion currents up to 4.3 milliamperes have been obtained using a probe canal 6 mm long and 1 mm in diameter. Magnetic analysis, when the arc was operated in hydrogen, showed a maximum of 15 to 20 percent protons.
Instructional Course 102 Complex Knee Reconstruction: Articular Cartilage Treatment Options (2003)

Physicians have known for over 250 years that articular cartilage damage is a “troublesome thing and once destroyed, it is not repaired.” 1 Although chondral lesions that penetrate to or through the subchondral bone may fill with fibrocartilage, the biomechanical and biochemical features remain inferior to hyaline cartilage. 2-4 Unlike the recognized poor prognosis of the meniscectomized knee, the natural history of chondral lesions remains far more speculative. At this juncture, treatment recommendations are for those lesions believed to be contributing to a patient’s symptoms and are not generally directed toward asymptomatic lesions. Clinical experience has taught us that after these lesions become symptomatic (a cause of pain, swelling, mechanical symptoms), they tend to persist or inexorably progress over an indeterminate time course. On one end of the spectrum, small full-thickness cartilage lesions in low-demand patients can fill in with fibrocartilage and may render a patient asymptomatic. On the other end, large osteochondral lesions in higher-demand patients are less likely to develop a clinically significant fibrocartilagenous healing response and more frequently result in pain and disability.3,5 The treatment algorithm is evolving and may be construed as a spectrum of options ranging from those that are considered palliative (arthroscopic debridement and lavage), reparative (marrow stimulation techniques), and restorative (osteochondral grafting and autologous chondrocyte implantation) (Fig 1). Whichever treatment is chosen, it is critical that the surgeon at least consider what subsequent treatment option might be required should the index cartilage treatment fail to relieve the patient’s symptoms. Therefore, we often choose to implement the least destructive and invasive treatment options first so as to avoid “burning a bridge” for future options.