gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability and hop-count based approach for route computation in MANET (2006)

In this paper, we present an approach for MANET routing based on stability and hop-count, where the stability metric considered is the residual lifetime of a link. We view stability based routing not as a separate routing protocol but as an enhancement to a hop-count based routing protocol (e.g. DSR or AODV), so that the expected residual lifetime as well as hop count of a route are taken into account. First, we investigate how residual link lifetime is affected by parameters such as speed and mobility pattern using simulation. The result shows that residual link lifetime is a function of current link age, mobility speed and mobility pattern and does not vary monotonically with age. Therefore, intuitive idea such as older links are more stable, which is used in existing stability-based routing algorithms like associativity based routing (ABR), does not hold across a large spectrum of mobility speeds and models. Instead, the reverse can be true. We propose stability and hop-count based routing algorithm (SHARC) using DSR as the basic routing protocol. The stability of a path is calculated using a simple histogram based estimator. Simulation results show that SHARC performs better than a hop-count only algorithm (DSR) and a stability only algorithm for both throughout of long-lived TCP and response time of short data transfer. SHARC also performs close to an algorithm with perfect knowledge of link residual lifetime in many cases.
LONG-TERM BENEFIT OF 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID FLUORESCENCE ASSISTED TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF SUPERFICIAL BLADDER CANCER: 5-YEAR RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY (2005)

The initial advantage of improved tumor detection and decreased recurrence rates by ALA fluorescence assisted TUR is maintained for years, and effectively reduces morbidity and costs in patients with superficial bladder tumors.
Improved detection of infection in hip replacements (1998)

Our aim was to determine if the detection rate of infection of total hip replacements could be improved by examining the removed prostheses. Immediate transfer of prostheses to an anaerobic atmosphere, followed by mild ultrasonication to dislodge adherent bacteria, resulted in the culture of quantifiable numbers of bacteria, from 26 of the 120 implants examined. The same bacterial species were cultured by routine microbiological techniques from only five corresponding tissue samples. Tissue removed from 18 of the culture-positive implants was suitable for quantitative tissue pathology and inflammatory cells were present in all samples. Furthermore, inflammatory cells were present in 87% of tissue samples taken from patients whose implants were culture-negative. This suggests that these implants may have been infected by bacteria which were not isolated by the techniques of culture used. The increased detection of bacteria from prostheses by culture has improved postoperative antibiotic therapy and should reduce the need for further revision.
MiniBox: A Two-Way Sandbox for x86 Native Code (CMU-CyLab-14-001) (2018)

This paper presents MiniBox, the first two-way sandbox for x86 native code. MiniBox not only isolates the memory space between OS protection modules and an application, but also provides a minimized and secure communication interface between OS protection modules and the application. MiniBox is cross-platform and can be applied in Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) cloud computing to provide two-way protection between a customer’s application and the cloud platform OS. We implement a prototype of MiniBox on both Intel and AMD multi-core systems and port several applications toMiniBox. Evaluation results show thatMiniBox is efficient and practical.
Isolation and Enrichment of Pathogens with a Surface‐Modified Aluminium Chip for Raman Spectroscopic Applications (2013)

We developed a Raman-compatible chip for isolating microorganisms from complex media. The isolation of bacteria is achieved by using antibodies as capture molecules. Due to the very specific interaction with the targets, this approach is promising for isolation of bacteria even from complex matrices such as body fluids. Our choice of capture molecules also enabled the investigation of samples containing yet unidentified bacteria, as the antibodies can capture a large variety of bacteria based on their analogue cell wall surface structures. The capability of our system is demonstrated for a broad range of different Gram-positive and Gram-negative germs. Subsequent identification is done by recording Raman spectra of the bacteria. Further, it is shown that classification with chemometric methods is possible.
The RWTH aachen university open source speech recognition system (2009)

We announce the public availability of the RWTH Aachen University speech recognition toolkit. The toolkit includes state of the art speech recognition technology for acoustic model training and decoding. Speaker adaptation, speaker adaptive training, unsupervised training, a finite state automata library, and an efficient tree search decoder are notable components. Comprehensive documentation, example setups for training and recognition, and a tutorial are provided to support newcomers.
A molecular marker-based linkage map of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1992)

A seed and flower color marker (P), nine seed protein, nine isozyme and 224 restriction fragment length polymorphism marker loci were used to construct a linkage map of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (n = 11). The mapping population consisted of a backcross progeny between the Mesoamerican breeding line 'XR-235-1-1' and the Andean cultivar 'Calima'; the former was used as the recurrent parent. A bean PstI genomic library enriched for single copy sequences (95%) was the source of DNA probes. Sixty percent of the probes tested detected polymorphisms between the parental genotypes with at least one of the four restriction enzymes used here (DraI, EcoRI, EcoRV and HindIII). The computer software Mapmaker was used to determine the linkage relationships and linear order of segregating markers. These markers assorted into 11 linkage groups covering 960 cM of the bean genome. Partial linkage data were used to estimate the total length of the genome at 1200 cM. This estimate and that for the physical size of the genome yield an average ratio of 530 kb/cM. The relatively small size of the genome makes this crop species a good candidate for the isolation of genes via chromosome walking techniques.
A novel DP4T antenna switch for dual-band WLAN applications (2004)

In this paper, we present a novel DP4T antenna switch with very simple control logic and high power handling capabilities for dual-band WLAN applications. The suggested DP4T switch architecture requires only two control lines. The developed DP4T switch exhibits 1.2 to 1.7 dB of insertion loss, and 27/53 dB to 23/37 dB of isolation at 2.4 GHz and 5.25 GHz, respectively. It also demonstrates 31 dBm of input P0.1dB, 35 dBm of input P1dB in 3/0 V operation, as well as better than -62 dBc of 2nd harmonics and -73 dBc of 3rd harmonics response, respectively. The MMICs are developed in a commercial 0.25-/spl mu/m GaAs pHEMT process. This switch architecture is preferable for Si-based processes because substrate vias are not required due to its generic topology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a DP4T RF switch architecture with very simple control logic for dual-band WLAN applications.
Demand-based block-level address mapping in large-scale NAND flash storage systems (2010)

The increasing capacity of NAND flash memory leads to large RAM footprint on address mapping in the Flash Translation Layer (FTL) design. This paper proposes a novel Demand-based block-level Address mapping scheme with two-level Caching mechanism (DAC) for large-scale NAND flash storage systems. The objective is to reduce RAM footprint without sacrificing too much system response time. In our technique, the block-level address mapping table is stored in fixed pages (called translation pages) in the flash memory. Considering temporal locality that workloads exhibit, we maintain one cache in RAM to store the on-demand block-level address mapping information. Meanwhile, by exploring both spatial locality and access frequency of workloads with another two caches, the second-level cache is designed to cache selected translation pages into RAM. In such a way, address mapping information for both sequential accesses and most-frequently-accessed translation pages can be found in the cache, and therefore, the system response time can be improved. We conduct experiments on a mixture of real-world and synthetic traces. The experimental results show that our technique can significantly reduce the RAM footprint while the average response time is kept well under control. Moreover, our technique shows big improvement on wear-leveling compared with the previous work.
Hydrolysis of 11-cis- and all-trans-retinyl palmitate by homogenates of human retinal epithelial cells. (1987)

The retinal epithelium plays an important role in the storage and metabolism of retinoids in the eye. Studies were conducted to examine the enzymatic hydrolysis of retinyl esters by human retinal epithelial cells. Homogenates prepared from these cells were found to hydrolyze both the 11-cis- and all-trans-isomers of retinyl palmitate. Retinyl ester hydrolysis was time-, protein-, and pH-dependent. The 11-cis isomer was hydrolyzed at a rate which was approximately 20 times greater than that of the all-trans isomer. The 11-cis-retinyl palmitate hydrolase activity did not require detergents, unlike the all-trans-retinyl palmitate hydrolase activity, which required detergents for activity. The 11-cis-retinyl palmitate hydrolase activity was maximally active with the addition of 1.0% sodium taurocholate at about pH 8.5, was abolished by incubation at 50 degrees C for 10 min, and was quantitatively recovered in the pellet after centrifugation at 100,000 X g for 1 h. The rate of hydrolysis of 11-cis-retinyl palmitate became saturated with increasing concentrations of 11-cis-retinyl palmitate; under the assay conditions employed, the hydrolase activity had an apparent Km of 19 microM toward 11-cis-retinyl palmitate. All-trans-retinol and 11-cis-retinyl did not affect the rate of hydrolysis of 11-cis-retinyl palmitate, and addition of all-trans-retinyl palmitate only weakly inhibited the 11-cis-retinyl palmitate hydrolytic activities. These data indicate that the human retinal epithelium possesses distinct activities for the hydrolysis of 11-cis- and all-trans-retinyl esters and raise the possibility that these activities may provide a means of distinguishing the stereoisomers of retinol in this tissue.
Palladium Catalysts Containing Pyridinium-Substituted Pyridine Ligands for the C–H Oxygenation of Benzene with K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> (2013)

This manuscript describes the development of Pd catalysts with pyridinium-substituted pyridine ligands for the C–H oxygenation of benzene with potassium persulfate. These new catalysts provide dramatically improved activity compared to simple Pd(OAc)2 in this transformation. Furthermore, the reaction proceeds with high selectivity for phenyl acetate over biphenyl. Preliminary investigations suggest that a key role for the cationic pyridinium ligand is to serve as a phase transfer catalyst for the K2S2O8 oxidant.
Why optimality is not worth arguing about (1991)

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Dynamic route guidance and interactive transport management with ALI-SCOUT (1991)

The operation of the ALI-SCOUT dynamic route guidance system for automotive traffic is explained. Onboard equipment receives routing information from a centrally located traffic guidance computer when passing infrared communications beacons installed at selected traffic signal lights and other strategic locations. The received information consists of a route tree giving the best routes based on current traffic conditions for traveling from the beacon location toward various destination zones. The onboard equipment selects from the route tree according to the destination input by the driver and issues route-guidance instructions along the way by means of a simplified graphic display and synthesized voice. Navigation between beacon locations is accomplished by dead reckoning with map-matching, and travel times for road links along the route are communicated to the beacons to augment the traffic information database of the central traffic guidance computer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Serious infection following anti–tumor necrosis factor α therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Lessons from interpreting data from observational studies (2007)

These findings show that overall, the way in which UK rheumatologists select patients for starting and discontinuing anti-TNFalpha therapy explains our previous finding of no increase in risk. However, there may be important increases in true risk, notably early in the course of treatment, that would become more evident depending on the definition of at-risk period.
Histiocytic Sarcoma of the Spleen Associated with Hypoalbuminemia, Hypo γ-globulinemia and Thrombocytopenia as a Possibly Unique Clinical Entity-Report of Three Cases (1998)

We report three patients with histiocytic sarcoma of the spleen associated with severe hypoalbuminemia, hypo gamma-globulinemia and thrombocytopenia. After the clinical diagnosis of splenic tumor of unknown origin was made, all three patients underwent splenectomy. The histiocytic origin of the tumor was confirmed histopathologically and immunohistochemically using a panel of antibodies. In contrast to malignant histiocytosis (MH), which typically reveals severe generalized clinical manifestations and a rapidly fatal course caused by the disseminated proliferation of neoplastic histiocytes, these patients were asymptomatic or showed only mild clinical symptoms for a long period of time until the recurrence was detected by which time the tumor cells had already spread to other organs. All three cases were characteristically associated with hypoalbuminemia, hypo gamma-globulinemia and thrombocytopenia, which returned to normal after splenectomy. Splenic histiocytic sarcoma with the features described here may represent a unique clinical entity, distinct from MH.
Compaction of basin sediments: Modeling based on time‐temperature history (1989)

Porosity decrease of sandstones, carbonates, and shales during burial is modeled here in terms of time‐temperature exposure rather than in terms of depth. Loss of porosity (ϕ) in the subsurface is represented by a power function, ϕ = A ( M ) B , where A and B are constants and M is a measure of integrated time‐temperature history. Regression lines of carbonate and sandstone porosity upon Lopatin's time‐temperature index of thermal maturity (TTI) generally fall within a rather narrow envelope whose axis is approximated by ϕ = 30(TTI) −0.33 . This equation is useful for regional modeling of carbonate and sandstone compaction. Dependence of porosity upon integrated time‐temperature history implies that basin sediments are not in equilibrium but compact through geologic time. Calculations show that subsidence resulting from the loss of porosity with increasing time‐temperature exposure (as opposed to deeper burial) can produce a second‐stage, passively formed basin containing many hundreds of meters of sediments.
Instantaneous Actual Motion Estimation with a Single High-Resolution Radar Sensor (2018)

Future high-resolution radars enable new functionalities in advanced driver assistance systems, relying on fast and reliable extraction of properties of vehicles on the road. A critical property for the prediction of trajectories and the assessment of potentially dangerous situations is that of the actual motion - the velocity vector and yaw rate - of observed objects. In this paper, an approach to distinguish linear from non-linear motions as well as estimating the yaw rate using only a single radar sensor is presented and evaluated via measurements.
Video Stream Analysis in Clouds: An Object Detection and Classification Framework for High Performance Video Analytics (2016)

Object detection and classification are the basic tasks in video analytics and become the starting point for other complex applications. Traditional video analytics approaches are manual and time consuming. These are subjective due to the very involvement of human factor. We present a cloud based video analytics framework for scalable and robust analysis of video streams. The framework empowers an operator by automating the object detection and classification process from recorded video streams. An operator only specifies an analysis criteria and duration of video streams to analyse. The streams are then fetched from a cloud storage, decoded and analysed on the cloud. The framework executes compute intensive parts of the analysis to GPU powered servers in the cloud. Vehicle and face detection are presented as two case studies for evaluating the framework, with one month of data and a 15 node cloud. The framework reliably performed object detection and classification on the data, comprising of 21,600 video streams and 175 GB in size, in 6.52 hours. The GPU enabled deployment of the framework took 3 hours to perform analysis on the same number of video streams, thus making it at least twice as fast than the cloud deployment without GPUs.
Biodistribution and dosimetry of TC-99m P280: A phase I study (1995)

Tc-99m P280 (a symmetrical synthetic dimer of 2 identical peptide monomers containing an RGD mimetic sequence) is a radiolabeled peptide undergoing clinical trials for use in imaging activated platelets. We investigated the biodistribution and dosimetry of intravenous Tc-99m P280 by serial determination of blood, urine and scintigraphic regional activity. Ten normal volunteers (6 male, 4 female, age 44 {plus_minus} 7) received 370 MBq (250 ug of peptide) Tc-99m P280 by intravenous injection. Twelve venous blood samples were collected over 24 hours (hrs) for calculation of blood clearance. Urine clearance was calculated by measuring the activity in the total void at 5 contiguous intervals over 24 hrs, 4 hrs and 24 hrs. The percent of the administered dose in each source organ vs. time was calculated using regions of interest created on the whole body images. Time activity curves were fit to a multi-compartmental model using the Simulation Analysis And Modeling (SAAM) software. Residence times were calculated by integration of the model predicted time activity curves and the dose estimates were performed using standard MIRD techniques. Effective dose equivalent = .010 mSv/MBq. We conclude that clearance of intravenous Tc-99m P280 is principally via the kidneys, with 89% of administered activity clearedmore » from the blood pool within one hr, 33% excreted in the urine within one hr, and 80% excreted in the urine with 24 hrs.« less
Deep Temporal Sigmoid Belief Networks for Sequence Modeling (2015)

Deep dynamic generative models are developed to learn sequential dependencies in time-series data. The multi-layered model is designed by constructing a hierarchy of temporal sigmoid belief networks (TSBNs), defined as a sequential stack of sigmoid belief networks (SBNs). Each SBN has a contextual hidden state, inherited from the previous SBNs in the sequence, and is used to regulate its hidden bias. Scalable learning and inference algorithms are derived by introducing a recognition model that yields fast sampling from the variational posterior. This recognition model is trained jointly with the generative model, by maximizing its variational lower bound on the log-likelihood. Experimental results on bouncing balls, polyphonic music, motion capture, and text streams show that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art predictive performance, and has the capacity to synthesize various sequences.
A new class of RC-active filters using FDNR-elements and generalized terminations (1980)

The synthesis of a new class of RC-active filters that uses FDNR-elements and generalized terminations is described. The various possibilities are exhibited in general and for an example the method is carried through.
Synthesis and characterisation of branched and partially crosslinked poly(ethylene terephthalate) (2003)

Abstract In the present study, a series of branched and partially crosslinked poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) samples were prepared by the two‐stage melt polycondensation method, using different amounts of trimethyl trimellitate (TMT) as polyfunctional monomer. The samples were characterised with respect to intrinsic viscosity, density and gel content as well as thermal and mechanical properties. The intrinsic viscosity of the polymers ranged between 0.7 and 1.6 dl g −1 depending on the concentration of the TMT comonomer. When TMT was used at a concentration 0.625 wt% or higher, gel formation was observed. For the sample containing 1.25 wt% TMT, almost half of the polymer was insoluble in phenol–tetrachloroethane mixture, due to extensive crosslinking. The increase of TMT content resulted in a small decrease of crystallinity attributed to branching and crosslinking, both of which restrict the organisation of the polymer chains in the crystal structure. This was reflected directly in the thermal properties of the polymers prepared. Increasing the TMT content decreased the melting point and the heat of fusion. In contrast, cold crystallization and glass transition temperatures were shifted to higher temperatures. Mechanical properties like tensile strength and elongation at break increased with increasing the content in branching agent. However, crosslinking had a negative effect on elongation at break. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of knowledge-based network management techniques for packet radio networks (2002)

The authors developed a preliminary version of a knowledge-based model for network management and reconfiguration using blackboard techniques and have applied to it packet radio networks. The analysis is concerned with developing procedures for evaluation of candidate recovery/reconfiguration methodologies and techniques for fault isolation and related monitoring functions. As an initial step, the generic blackboard was chosen as the artificial intelligence environment to develop the management tools and interlink it to a packet radio network simulator that was used as a testbed network to be controlled and monitored. The details of the interaction of the management environment and the packet radio simulator as implemented in the model so far, and present numerical results obtained through the execution of some preliminary rules are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ring contraction of a 5‐acetylpyrimidine into pyrazoles by the action of substituted hydrazines in acidic medium (1986)

Abstract We have found previously that two 5‐acetyl‐4‐methylpyrimidines could be transformed by aminoguanidine hydrochloride into 4‐acetyl‐1‐amidino‐3‐methylpyrazolyl amidinohydrazone dihydrochloride. This reaction beside the fact that it led to a molecule closely related to the antitumor drug M.G.B.G. pointed out to a new possibility of ring contraction of pyrimidines into pyrazoles. We attempted therefore to study the possibility of extending this transformation to other substituted hydrazines and to define more accurately the conditions of this reaction as well as to prepare new potential anticancer drugs.