gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degradation of .BETA.-lactamase inhibitor, (2S,3R,5S)-3-methyl-7-oxo-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl-methyl)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid 4,4-dioxide(YTR-830H), in aqueous solutions and alkaline methanol solution. Pathway and structural elucidation of products. (1988)

(2S, 3R, 5S)-3-Methyl-7-oxo-3-(1H-1, 2, 3-triazol-1-yl-methyl)-4-thia-l-azabicyclo [3.2.0]-heptane-2-carboxylic acid 4, 4-dioxide (YTR-830H) is a new β-lactamase inhibitor. The degradation of this β-lactamase inhibitor in several buffer solutions, NaOH aqueous solution and NaOH-saturated methanol solution was investigated. In the initial step of degradation in aqueous solutions, YTR-830H was degraded to 2-amino-3-methyl-3-sulfino-4-(1H-1, 2, 3-triazol-1-yl)-butyric acid (YTR-830H-II) and formylacetic acid (YTR-830H-III) through (E)-5-methyl-5-sulfino-6-(1H-1, 2, 3-triazol-l-yl)-3-aza-l-heptene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid (YTR-830H-I) as an intermediate. The YTR-830H-II in all solutions then proceeded to an unidentified product, YTR-830HIIa. In acidic solution it was converted to 1, 2, 3-triazole and several unidentified products (YTR-830H-IIa, -IIb, -IIc and-IId). Degradation at various pHs showed different patterns and rates. Following degradation in NaOH-saturated methanol solution, 1-methyl hydrogen (E)- and (Z)-5-methyl-5-sulfino-6-(1H-1, 2, 3-triazol-1-yl)-3-aza-1 -heptene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid (YTR-830H-Ia and Ib) were detected.
고장력강 용접부에서의 국부취화영역 연구 (1) ( 미세조직과 파괴특성 ) (1991)

This paper presents a correlation study between microstructural parameters and fracture properties in heat affected zones of high-strength low alloy (HSLA) steels, i,e., a normalized steel and four TMCP steels. This allowed a comparison between microstructures such as grain size and the amount of martensite island. The influence of the local brittle zone (LBZ) on toughness was investigated by means of simulated HAZ tests as well as welded joint tests. The LBZ in the HAZ is the intercritically reheated coarse grained HAZ, whose impact energy values decrease monotonically with increasing the amount of martensite islands. Thus, the martensite island is the main metallurgical factor which contributes to local embrittlement in microstructures containing larger volume fractions of martensite island, thereby leading to the reduction of toughness.
Detection of receptor ligands by monitoring selective stabilization of a<i>Renilla</i>luciferase‐tagged, constitutively active mutant, G‐protein‐coupled receptor (2001)

The wild-type beta2-adrenoceptor and a constitutively active mutant of this receptor were C-terminally tagged with luciferase from the sea pansy Renilla reniformis. C-terminal addition of Renilla luciferase did not substantially alter the levels of expression of either form of the receptor, the elevated constitutive activity of the mutant beta2-adrenoceptor nor the capacity of isoprenaline to elevate cyclic AMP levels in intact cells expressing these constructs. Treatment of cells expressing constitutively active mutant beta2-adrenoceptor-Renilla luciferase with antagonist/inverse agonist ligands resulted in upregulation of levels of this polypeptide which could be monitored by the elevated luciferase activity. The pEC50 for ligand-induced luciferase upregulation and ligand affinity to bind the receptor were highly correlated. Similar upregulation could be observed following sustained treatment with agonist ligands. These effects were only observed at a constitutively active mutant of the beta2-adrenoceptor. Co-expression of the wild-type beta2-adrenoceptor C-terminally tagged with the luciferase from Photinus pyralis did not result in ligand-induced upregulation of the levels of activity of this luciferase. Co-expression of the constitutively active mutant beta2-adrenoceptor-Renilla luciferase and an equivalent mutant of the alpha1b-adrenoceptor C-terminally tagged with green fluorescent protein allowed pharmacological selectivity of adrenoceptor antagonists to be demonstrated. This approach offers a sensitive and convenient means, which is amenable to high throughput analysis, to monitor ligand binding to a constitutively active mutant receptor. As no prior knowledge of receptor ligands is required this approach may be suitable to identify ligands at orphan G protein-coupled receptors.
Fundamental and higher-order Bloch surface plasmons in planar bimetallic gratings on silicon and glass substrates (2008)

We study fundamental and higher-order (HO) localized Bloch surface plasmons (BSPs) in a 1D subwavelength-periodic thin metal film with silicon and glass claddings. The film is a lamellar bimetallic grating where the real part of permittivity of the slit is also negative. We show that transmission enhancement due to HO BSPs is much weaker compared with the case when the first-order or fundamental BSP (FBSP) mediates resonant transmission. We also identify parameters of the structure corresponding to the mixed-order double resonance, i.e., a resonance between the FBSP on one surface of the film and a HO BSP on the other surface. We show that, unlike the double resonance between two FBSPs, this condition does not affect the transmission enhancement. Finally, we observe strong suppression of transmittance for a structure with a silicon superstrate and glass substrate. This effect occurs only when all higher-order harmonics in the substrate are evanescent. In the regime of transmission suppression, the propagating zero-order diffracted wave and evanescent first-order diffracted harmonic at the metal-glass interface are phase shifted by π.
Chemocommunication among domestic cats, mediated by the olfactory and vomeronasal senses. I. Chemocommunication. (1976)

Chemocommunication functions are known in many social mammals, such as gerbils, hamsters, and deer. But also mammals known as at least partly solitary do communicate by chemical signals. The existence and use of pheromones in domestic cats was the subject of this study. It turned out that male and female cats spent much time in exploring their own and foreigners' urine and skin gland secretion rubbed off on several objects. Male receivers performed sniffing and flehmen more frequently than females on the same urine, whereas female cats paid more attention to skin gland secretion. Both urine and cheek gland secretion of the female donor appeared to contain pheromones which inform the tomcat about her hormonal phase.
Catalytic mechanisms of triphenyl bismuth, dibutyltin dilaurate, and their combination in polyurethane-forming reaction (1997)

The catalytic mechanisms of triphenyl bismuth (TPB), dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) and their combination have been studied in a model polyurethane reaction system consisting of copolyether (tetrahydrofuran–ethyleneoxide) and N-100; NMR spectroscopy was used to detect the associations between reactants and catalysts. A relatively stable complex was shown to be formed between hydroxyl and isocyanate; the catalysts showed different effects on the isocyanate–hydroxyl complex, therefore resulting in different curing characteristics. The formation of hydrogen bonding between the complexed hydroxyl and other hydroxyl or the resulting urethane provided an “auto-catalysis” to urethane formation. DBTDL destroyed the isocyanate–hydroxyl complex before catalyzing the reaction through the formation of a ternary complex, whereas TPB was able to activate the isocyanate–hydroxyl complex directly to form urethane. The reaction catalyzed by the combination of TPB and DBTDL gained advantages from the multiple catalytic entities, i.e., TPB, DBTDL, and a TPB–DBTDL complex. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:1217–1225, 1997
Immunization of Flavivirus West Nile Recombinant Envelope Domain III Protein Induced Specific Immune Response and Protection against West Nile Virus Infection (2007)

The domain III of the West Nile virus (WNV) envelope glycoprotein (E) was shown to serve as virus attachment domain to the cellular receptor, and neutralizing Abs have been mapped to this specific domain. In this study, domain III of the WNV E protein (WNV E DIII) was expressed as a recombinant protein and its potential as a subunit vaccine candidate was evaluated in BALB/C mice. Immunization of WNV E DIII protein with oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-DNA) adjuvant by i.p. injection was conducted over a period of 3 wk. The immunized mice generated high titer of WNV-neutralizing Abs. Murine Ab against WNV E DIII protein was also capable of neutralizing Japanese encephalitis virus. The IgG isotypes generated were predominantly IgG2a in the murine sera against the recombinant protein. Splenocyte cultures from the mice coadministrated with WNV E DIII protein and CpG secreted large amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and showed proliferation of T cells in the presence of WNV E DIII protein. Overall, this study highlighted that recombinant WNV E DIII protein delivered in combination with CpG adjuvant to mice generated a Th1 immune response type against WNV and can serve as a potential vaccine to prevent WNV infection.
The expression of Fas ligand on normal and stabbed-disc cells in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration: a possible pathogenesis (2007)

These observations indicate that the nucleus pulposus is an immunologically privileged site. This immunological privilege is maintained by FasL and the physiological barrier together. When the physiological barrier was damaged (by stabbing the disc), the role of FasL changed, and FasL was coexpressed with Fas to induce apoptosis of disc cells. These results indicate that an autoimmune reaction may be a possible pathogenesis of IDD.
Breathing is coupled with voluntary action and the cortical readiness potential (2020)

Voluntary action is a fundamental element of self-consciousness. The readiness potential (RP), a slow drift of neural activity preceding self-initiated movement, has been suggested to reflect neural processes underlying the preparation of voluntary action; yet more than fifty years after its introduction, interpretation of the RP remains controversial. Based on previous research showing that internal bodily signals affect sensory processing and ongoing neural activity, we here investigated the potential role of interoceptive signals in voluntary action and the RP. We report that (1) participants initiate voluntary actions more frequently during expiration, (2) this respiration-action coupling is absent during externally triggered actions, and (3) the RP amplitude is modulated depending on the respiratory phase. Our findings demonstrate that voluntary action is coupled with the respiratory system and further suggest that the RP is associated with fluctuations of ongoing neural activity that are driven by the involuntary and cyclic motor act of breathing.
Modular log-domain filters based upon linear Gm-C filter synthesis (1999)

A modular approach for realizing various kinds of linear filters based upon different types of nonlinear transconductors is proposed. By using this approach, traditional Gm-C filter structures can be readily transformed into log-domain and other related kinds of filters with linear transfer characteristics. The synthesis and realization of the proposed filters are demonstrated and the simulation results given.
A Two-Stage Power and Rate Allocation Strategy for Secondary Users in Cognitive Radio Networks (2009)

In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the optimal power and rate distribution choices for secondary users in order to maintain their quality of service (QoS) in a multichannel cognitive radio network (CRN). We assume that multiple secondary users share a single channel and multiple channels are simultaneously used by a single secondary user (SU) to satisfy their rate requirements. Our measures for QoS include signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR)/bit error rate (BER) and minimum rate requirement. We propose a two-stage optimization framework in order to solve for the optimal resource management strategy. In the first stage, we formulate a convex optimization problem to determine the minimum transmit power that SUs should employ in order to maintain a certain SINR. At first, the convex optimization problem is solved in a centralized manner and then we employ dual decomposition theory to derive three different distributed solutions. In the second stage, we formulate the rate distribution problem as a maximum flow problem in graph theory. We also develop a heuristic approach to determine the rate distribution. Simulation results demonstrate that optimal transmit power follows “reverse water filling” process and rate allocation follows SINR. We also observe that the distributed solution converges to the centralized solution and rate distribution based on our proposed heuristic is close to the graph theoretic optimal solution.
4‐Aminopyridine in multiple sclerosis (1991)

In an earlier study, we demonstrated efficacy of single oral doses of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in improving motor and visual signs in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients for a mean of 4.97 hours. We attempted to determine whether efficacy could safely be prolonged using multiple daily doses over several days by administering 7.5 to 52.5 mg 4-AP to 17 temperature-sensitive MS patients in one to three daily doses at 3- to 4-hour intervals over 1 to 5 days in a double-blind study. Nine of these patients were also tested with identically appearing placebo. Thirteen of the 17 patients (76%) given 4-AP showed clinically important motor and visual improvements compared with three of nine in the placebo group. Average peak improvement scores were 0.40 for 4-AP and 0.12 for placebo. Seventy percent of the daily 4-AP improvements lasted 7 to 10 hours. The improvements for two consecutive doses of 4-AP lasted a mean of 7.07 hours (83% of the average 8.53-hour treatment-observation period) compared with 2.36 hours for placebo (26% of the average 9.06-hour treatment-observation period). No serious side effects occurred. 4-AP is a promising drug for the symptomatic treatment of MS.
Response curve shaping of coupled dielectric resonators (1973)

Using parallel coupled strontium titanate resonators, we have produced a small 9-GHz bandpass filter, having a lower skirt steepness of 27 MHz per 30 dB of attenuation. Approximate simplified design equations for two relative dielectric constants are also presented.
Role of phosphodiesterase isoenzymes in the control of renin secretion: effects of selective enzyme inhibitors. (1999)

In most cells, the steady-state level of cAMP ultimately depends on the rate of cAMP synthesis by adenylyl cyclase and the rate of cAMP hydrolysis by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). PDEs exist in multiple forms that have been grouped into seven families based on their substrate specificity, mode of regulation and kinetic properties. Selective inhibitors of many PDE families are now available. Examples are milrinone and trequinsin (PDE3); rolipram and Ro 20-1724 (PDE4); and zaprinast, sildenafil and didyridamole (PDE5). These inhibitors have proven to be valuable tools to investigate the role of PDEs in cell function. Representatives of most PDE families are present in the kidneys, and recent studies in this and other laboratories have provided evidence that some of them participate in the regulation of renin secretion. In particular, administration of selective PDE inhibitors has marked effects on renin secretion. For example, the PDE3 inhibitors milrinone and trequinsin increase resting renin in conscious rabbits and enhance the renin secretory response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Milrinone also increases renin secretion in human subjects. The PDE4 inhibitors rolipram and Ro 20-1724 both increase renin secretion in rabbits and also enhance the renin response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Studies in other laboratories have implicated other PDE families in the control of renin secretion. The aim of this review is to present current concepts concerning the PDEs and to discuss their role in the control of renin secretion by the kidneys.
Push to Talk over Cellular Traffic Modeling (2006)

This paper proposes traffic modeling and group behavior modeling for push to talk over cellular (PoC) traffic. The behavior of users in group forming service, and PoC traffic are investigated by simulations. It is assumed that the arrival process of PoC calls is Poisson, while the offered PoC service time and floor holding time are exponentially distributed. The proposed group generation follows Binomial model. The floor traffic is modeled as a limited source ON-OFF traffic. Based on proposed traffic models, PoC environment and PoC calls are simulated. Two invitation methods in PoC service are considered: one by one invitation, and batch invitation. The influence of stop talking actions, floor request habits, and maximum group size in PoC traffic are studied
Usp5 links suppression of p53 and FAS levels in melanoma to the BRAF pathway (2014)

Usp5 is a deubiquitinase (DUB) previously shown to regulate unanchored poly-ubiquitin (Ub) chains, p53 transcriptional activity and double-strand DNA repair. In BRAF mutant melanoma cells, Usp5 activity was suppressed by BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib) in sensitive but not in acquired or intrinsically resistant cells. Usp5 knockdown overcame acquired vemurafenib resistance and sensitized BRAF and NRAS mutant melanoma cells to apoptosis initiated by MEK inhibitor, cytokines or DNA-damaging agents. Knockdown and overexpression studies demonstrated that Usp5 regulates p53 (and p73) levels and alters cell growth and cell cycle distribution associated with p21 induction. Usp5 also regulates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by modulating p53-dependent FAS expression. A small molecule DUB inhibitor (EOAI3402143) phenocopied the FAS induction and apoptotic sensitization of Usp5 knockdown and fully blocked melanoma tumor growth in mice. Overall, our results demonstrate that BRAF activates Usp5 to suppress cell cycle checkpoint control and apoptosis by blocking p53 and FAS induction; all of which can be restored by small molecule-mediated Usp5 inhibition. These results suggest that Usp5 inhibition can provide an alternate approach in recovery of diminished p53 (or p73) function in melanoma and can add to the targeted therapies already used in the treatment of melanoma.
Charles Lamb and M. E. W. (1947)

Charles Lamb and M. E. W. Get access H. G. Smith H. G. Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 192, Issue 20, 4 October 1947, Page 435, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/192.20.435j Published: 04 October 1947
Comparison of cardiac output during exercise by single-breath and CO2-rebreathing methods (1985)

Cardiac output (Q) was estimated in supine rest and in upright cycling at several work rates up to 200 W in five male and one female subjects. At least four repetitions of both the CO2-rebreathing plateau method (Collier, J. Appl. Physiol. 9:25-29, 1956) and the Kim et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 21: 1338-1344, 1966) single-breath method were performed at each work rate, in a steady state of O2 consumption and heart rate. At supine rest and low work rates, estimates of Q were similar by the two methods. However, at higher work rates, the single-breath method significantly (P less than 0.05) underestimated the value obtained by CO2 rebreathing. The reason for the difference in estimates of Q by the two methods was traced to the determination of arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) and mixed venous partial pressure of CO2 (PvCO2). The estimate of PaCO2 from the single-breath method was approximately 88.5% of the estimate from end-tidal PCO2 used with the rebreathing method (P less than 0.001). The oxygenated PvCO2 calculated from the single-breath Q averaged approximately 92.5% of the PvCO2 from CO2 rebreathing (P less than 0.0001). The difference in estimates of Q was not eliminated by using a logarithmic form of the CO2 dissociation curve with the single-breath method.
Average Case Complete Problems (1986)

Many interesting combinatorial problems were found to be NP-complete. Since there is little hope to solve them fast in the worst case, researchers look for algorithms which are fast just “on average”. This matter is sensitive to the choice of a particular NP-complete problem and a probability distribution of its instances. Some of these tasks were easy and some not. But one needs a way to distinguish the “difficult on average” problems. Such negative results could not only save “positive” efforts but may also be used in areas (like cryptography) where hardness of some problems is a frequent assumption. It is shown below that the Tiling problem with uniform distribution of instances has no polynomial “on average” algorithm, unless every NP-problem with every simple probability distribution has it. It is interesting to try to prove similar statements for other NP-problems which resisted so far “average case” attacks.
Time-Resolved Measurements of Photovoltage Generation by Bacteriorhodopsin and Halorhodopsin Adsorbed on a Thin Polymer Film (1999)

We constructed a time-resolved photovoltage measurement system and examined the photovoltage kinetics of wild-type bacteriorhodopsin, its D96N mutant, and halorhodopsins from Halobacterium salinarum and Natronobacterium pharaonis. Upon illumination with a laser flash, wild-type bacteriorhodopsin showed photovoltage generation with fast (10-100 micros range) and slow (ms range) components while D96N lacked the latter, as reported previously [Holz, M., Drachev, L.A., Mogi, T., Otto, H., Kaulen, A.D., Heyn, M.P., Skulachev, V.P., and Khorana, H.G. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 2167-2171]. In contrast, photovoltage generation in halorhodopsins from H. salinarum and N. pharaonis was significant only in the ms time range. On the basis of the photovoltage kinetics and photocycle, we conclude that major charge (chloride) movements within halorhodopsin occur during the formation and decay of the N intermediate in the ms range. These observations are discussed in terms of the "Energization-Relaxation Channel Model" [Muneyuki, E., Ikematsu, M., and Yoshida, M. (1996) J. Phys. Chem. 100, 19687-19691].
Intramyocardial lipid accumulation in the failing human heart resembles the lipotoxic rat heart (2004)

In animal models of lipotoxicity, accumulation of triglycerides within cardiomyocytes is associated with contractile dysfunction. However, whether intramyocardial lipid deposition is a feature of human heart failure remains to be established. We hypothesized that intramyocardial lipid accumulation is a common feature of non-ischemic heart failure and is associated with changes in gene expression similar to those found in an animal model of lipotoxicity. Intramyocardial lipid staining with oil red O and gene expression analysis was performed on heart tissue from 27 patients (9 female) with non-ischemic heart failure. We determined intramyocardial lipid, gene expression, and contractile function in hearts from 6 Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and 6 Zucker lean (ZL) rats. Intramyocardial lipid overload was present in 30% of non-ischemic failing hearts. The highest levels of lipid staining were observed in patients with diabetes and obesity (BMI>30). Intramyocardial lipid deposition was associated with an up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) -regulated genes, myosin heavy chain beta (MHC-beta), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Intramyocardial lipid overload in the hearts of ZDF rats was associated with contractile dysfunction and changes in gene expression similar to changes found in failing human hearts with lipid overload. Our findings identify a subgroup of patients with heart failure and severe metabolic dysregulation characterized by intramyocardial triglyceride overload and changes in gene expression that are associated with contractile dysfunction.