gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanocrystalline Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Eu Phosphors Prepared by Alkalide Reduction (2003)

(Y0.95Eu0.05)2O3 nanoparticles have been synthesized by subambient homogeneous reduction using alkalide solutions and subsequent oxidation. As synthesized, the material consists of free-flowing agglomerates of ill-defined, amorphous, or subnanocrystalline nanoparticles. Samples annealed at 500 °C or greater are crystalline, consisting of agglomerated nanocrystals. As the annealing temperature is raised from 500 to 900 °C, the nanocrystals grow from an average of 10.9 to 14.2 nm, the agglomerates decrease in size, and the surface area increases from 49 to 59 m2/g. The crystallite size determined by X-ray diffraction line-broadening correlates well with TEM observations, indicating that the particles are individual nanocrystals. The increase in the surface area is consistent with the uncovering of the surfaces of the nanocrystals as a result of the reduction of the size of the agglomerates, counteracting the loss of surface area due to crystallite growth. Annealing at 1000 °C results in growth of the nanocrystals to an average size of 25.1 nm and a decrease in the surface area to 35 m2/g. Photoluminescence spectra do not show any fluorescence from samples until they have been annealed at 500 °C or higher. Visual inspection found fluorescence from a small fraction of samples annealed at temperatures as low as 200 °C. The photoluminescence intensity of the 5D0 → 7F2 transition increases with annealing temperature from 500 to 700 °C, levels-off between 700 and 900 °C, then dramatically increases after annealing at 1000 °C. This trend mirrors that seen for the cell parameter for this cubic system, which decreases from 10.639 to 10.615 Å, larger than the 10.604 Å expected for bulk material. The expanded cell volume may play an important role in the low quantum yields found for these nanocrystalline samples (<8%).
Dupilumab in atopic dermatitis: rationale, latest evidence and place in therapy (2018)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. The prevalence of AD is increasing and is currently estimated at 10-20% in adults worldwide. In the majority of patients, AD can be adequately controlled with topical treatment or ultraviolet light therapy, but there is a high unmet need for effective and safe therapeutics in patients with more severe or difficult to treat AD. During the past decade, new advances in the understanding of the underlying immune pathogenesis of AD have led to the development of new, more targeted therapies. Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin (IL)-4 receptor α, thereby blocking the IL-4 and IL-13 pathway, is one of the first biologics that has been developed for AD. Dupilumab has shown promising results in phase III trials and has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Commission for the treatment of moderate to severe AD. With the approval of dupilumab, we are entering a new era of biological therapeutics in AD management. The place of dupilumab should be established in the current treatment standards. Based on current treatment guidelines and experts' opinions in the management of AD, we have built a proposal for a treatment algorithm for systemic treatment of AD in European countries.
Pulmonary vasoconstriction in steers at high altitude (1963)

Each of ten steers taken for 9 weeks to 12,700 ft. (Mt. Evans, Colorado) showed a marked increase in pulmonary artery (PA) pressure. Three animals had PA pressures above 90 mm Hg and one developed right heart failure. The bovine species is remarkable for the severe pulmonary hypertension which develops during chronic hypoxia rather than for an excessive PA pressure response to acute hypoxia. The rate at which the pulmonary hypertension developed at 12,700 ft. was extremely rapid compared to that at 10,000 ft. Therefore, not only the duration of the hypoxic stimulus but also its severity determine the response. The severity of the stimulus was augmented by the absence of a sustained increase in ventilation at high altitude. The pressure rise with acute hypoxia during the control period at low altitude and the dramatic fall in PA pressure when oxygen was administered at high altitude provided evidence for hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction as an important mechanism in bovine pulmonary hypertension.
Dynamic range expansion of receiver by using optimized gain adjustment for high‐field MRI (2010)

Abstract In high‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, the signal‐to‐noise ratio of MR signal is so high that the receiver frequently cannot cover the full dynamic range of the MR signal. Although this problem can be overcome by using a compander (compressor and expander) composed of logarithmic amplifiers and a ROM table to retrieve the nonlinearity of the logarithmic amplifiers or by simply increasing the number of bits of analog‐to‐digital converter, the methods can be costly and complex or even impossible for most commercial systems. In addition, the spectrometer has to be specifically designed to operate in those modes. In this article, we developed a simple dynamic range improvement method using a receiver with optimized variable gain control in which function can be implemented without any hardware modification to the spectrometer, if the spectrometer can do gain control during a scan. Simulations as well as experiments for the brain and resolution phantom have been performed, and the results demonstrate the utility of the proposed method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 36A: 243–254, 2010.
The Electric Tunnel Effect across Thin Insulator Films in Contacts (1951)

Existing calculations on the tunnel effect through thin films in contacts apply to very weak and very strong electric fields. It is the main purpose of the present paper to complete the picture by the treatment of intermediate cases, which are important for many contact applications.
Pyrethrum flowers: production, chemistry, toxicology, and uses (1995)

Pyrethrum is the most important natural botanical pesticide. Pyrethrins are effective against virtually all insect pests, yet are of very low toxicity to mammals, and break down quickly on exposure to light and air. This study of the place of pyrethrum in ecology and pest management includes discussion of the new synthetic pyrethroids that have been developed, in addition to continuing work on natural product pyrethrins.
An Improved Synthesis of 7-Methoxyisochroman-3-one: A Synthon for Generation of<i>o</i>-Quinodimethanes (1984)

Abstract 7-Methoxyisochroman-3-one (8) has been synthesized from 2-bromo-5-methoxybenzyl methyl ether (3) in over all high yield.
A wavelet codec with overlapped motion compensation for very low bit-rate environment (1994)

The paper describes theories on overlapped motion compensation and their applications to a wavelet codec aimed for the very low bit-rate environment below 64 kb/s. The theories are concerned with the evaluation of prediction efficiency improved by overlapped motion compensation and also its smoothing effect on the discontinuities at block boundaries encountered when motion vectors do not coincide among neighboring blocks. They contribute to determine the optimum window shape for overlapped motion compensation in a developed wavelet codec, which suffers from reduction of coding efficiency when there are such discontinuities in a signal to be transformed. Regarding the wavelet codec, a new scanning method of transform coefficients and alternate use of normal and spatially-reversed basis functions for the cascaded wavelet transform are introduced. Finally, the implementation of the codec on a video image signal processor (VISP) is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Reaction of Thioglycolamide with Halomethyl Ketones (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Thioglycolamide with Halomethyl KetonesH. Sokol and John J. RitterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 10, 3517–3518Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01190a512https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01190a512research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sorption of Phenols by Anion Exchange Resins (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSorption of Phenols by Anion Exchange ResinsM. G. Chasanov, R. Kunin, and F. McGarveyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1956, 48, 2, 305–309Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50554a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50554a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views349Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Solid‐Phase synthesis and stability of triple‐helical peptides incorporating native collagen sequences (1993)

A generally applicable solid-phase methodology has been developed for the synthesis of triple-helical polypeptides incorporating native collagen sequences. Three nascent peptide chains are C-terminal linked through one N alpha-amino and two N epsilon-amino groups of Lys, while repeating Gly-Pro-Hyp triplets induce triple helicity. Different protecting group strategies, including several three-dimensionally orthogonal schemes, have been utilized for the synthesis of four homotrimeric triple-helical polypeptides (THPs) of 79-124 residues, three of which incorporate native type IV collagen sequences. Highly efficient assemblies were achieved by 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) N alpha-amino group protection, in situ 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate mediated couplings, and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene mediated Fmoc group removal. THPs were characterized by Edman degradation sequencing, size-exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and CD spectroscopy. THP thermal stabilities ranged from 35 to 59 degrees C, with chain length and Hyp content being the influential factors. Melting temperatures and van't Hoff enthalpies for peptide triple-helical denaturation could be correlated well to Hyp content. The THP synthetic protocol developed here will allow for the study of both structure and biological activity of specific collagen sequences in homotrimeric and heterotrimeric forms.
Novel biodegradable stents in the treatment of bronchial stenosis after lung transplantation☆☆☆ (2011)

This small pilot study shows that BD stents are a safe, effective and reliable alternative to classical metallic stents in patients with anastomotic stenosis after lung transplantation, and may avoid the need for permanent stenting.
Language and Music: A Comparative View (1998)

Research Article| October 01 1998 Language and Music: A Comparative View Mireille Besson, Mireille Besson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Angela D. Friederici Angela D. Friederici Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Music Perception (1998) 16 (1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2307/40285773 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Mireille Besson, Angela D. Friederici; Language and Music: A Comparative View. Music Perception 1 October 1998; 16 (1): 1–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/40285773 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentMusic Perception Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
<i>S</i>-Nitrosoglutathione cytotoxicity to<i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i>and its use to isolate stationary phase survival mutants (2004)

We report that stationary phase Mycobacterium smegmatis is more sensitive than exponential phase cells to the nitric oxide donor S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). This finding was used to select for both spontaneous and transposon mutants of M. smegmatis with increased resistance to GSNO in stationary phase. Some of these mutants were also defective in stationary phase survival, demonstrating a link between sensitivity to GSNO and stationary phase survival. Transduction of the disrupted region from seven selected mutants indicated that the transposon insertion was linked to the GSNO-resistance and stationary phase survival phenotypes. For five mutants, the disrupted genes were identified. Three were homologous to genes with possible roles in nutrient scavenging, including: (i) a putative amino acid efflux pump, (ii) a putative thioesterase and (iii) an enoyl-CoA-hydratase. One mutant was disrupted in the atpD gene, encoding the beta chain of F1 F0 ATP synthase. We independently isolated a stationary phase survival mutant disrupted in the atpA gene (encoding the alpha chain) of the F1 F0 ATP synthase of the same operon, suggesting an important role for efficient ATP synthesis in stationary phase survival.
Comprehensive phenotypic analysis for identification of genes affecting growth under ethanol stress in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2008)

We quantified the growth behavior of all available single gene deletion strains of budding yeast under ethanol stress. Genome-wide analyses enabled the extraction of the genes and determination of the functional categories required for growth under this condition. Statistical analyses revealed that the growth of 446 deletion strains under stress induced by 8% ethanol was defective. We classified these deleted genes into known functional categories, and found that many were important for growth under ethanol stress including several categories that have not been characterized, such as peroxisome. We also performed genome-wide screening under osmotic stress and identified 329 osmotic-sensitive strains. We excluded these strains from the 446 ethanol-sensitive strains to extract the genes whose deletion caused sensitivity to ethanol-specific (359 genes), osmotic-specific (242 genes), and both stresses (87 genes). We also extracted the functional categories that are specifically important for growth under ethanol stress. The genes and functional categories identified in the analysis might provide clues to improving ethanol stress tolerance among yeast cells.
Oxidation of Alkenes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl (1998)

In supercritical CO2, olefin oxidation to epoxides or diols using a Mo(CO)6 catalyst precursor and using t-BuOOH as oxidant proceeds in nearly quantitative yields. The highest yields and fastest rates of diol and epoxide formation were observed with cis-alkenes, while trans-alkenes were considerably less reactive. Phenyl-substituted olefins show a tendency to cleave to their corresponding aldehyde. The use of 70 wt % aqueous solutions of tert-butyl hydroperoxide yield the trans-diol, while anhydrous decane solutions of t-BuOOH give the epoxide. Clearly Mo(CO)6 proved to be the most effective oxygen transfer catalyst for these reactions. Several other oxygen transfer catalysts were tested but proved to be less effective under these conditions. An autoclave equipped with quartz windows allowed for the qualitative determination of a homogeneous reaction environment in the supercritical fluid.
[Synthesis and pharmacologic action of arylmethylethylguanidines]. (1987)

Impromidine analogous guanidines have been prepared characterized by H2-unspecific arylmethyl groups instead of the 5-methylimidazole residue. The most potent substances proved to be about 20 times more active than histamine at the isolated spontaneously beating guinea-pig right atrium (H2-agonism), simultaneously showing moderate H1-antagonistic activity at the guinea-pig ileum. In isolated perfused guinea-pig hearts the thenylthioethylguanidine 9e was very potent in increasing LVdp/dtmax, achieving about 90% of impromidine's maximal response. In comparison with impromidine the increase in heart rate was lower and rhythm disturbances were substantially reduced.
Enhancing TCP energy efficiency for mobile hosts (2003)

We present the finding of an investigation into an energy and performance enhancing technique for TCP operating in wireless networking environments. This technique, in contrast to other schemes that have been studied to date, is based on the concept of minimizing the probability of packet loss in wireless links rather than on error recovery. The scheme we propose intelligently suspends transmissions when the wireless link displays poor error characteristics and resumes when the error condition abates, to minimize packet loss without TCP modification. Through simulation, in a LAN environment it is shown that intelligently suspension and resumption is possible to get better TCP performance and energy efficiency when the error is persistent, with long duration of a bad period and a high error rate. On the other hand, in a WAN environment it is worth doing in all situations as it can improve the energy efficiency up to 40% and and the TCP performance up to 35%. This study leads to improve TCP performance and energy efficiency by deploying lower layer information efficiently.
Notes on the Emerging Accreditation Regimes in Australia and New Zealand (2012)

<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">In recent years, new higher education regulatory regimes have emerged in both New Zealand and Australia. In Australia, the new Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) employs a risk management approach while New Zealand Quality Agency (NZQA) has adopted an evaluative approach. In practice, these varying approaches create real differences in the ways in which the regulatory regimes are applied. This paper considers one discreet but critical element of these new regulatory regimes, academic staff qualifications, as an example of the difference between the risk management and evaluative regulatory approaches. Unsurprisingly, the application of academic staff qualifications requirements is particularly an issue whenever a higher education provider seeks to deliver a new course of study. In order to do so, a higher education provider must seek regulatory approval, in both countries this is known as accreditation.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></div>
Investigation of ballistic current in scaled Floating-gate NAND FLASH and a solution (2009)

Cell-to-cell interference constraints dictate that the Floating-gate (FG) of NAND FLASH cells be scaled down to very small thicknesses of a few nm. For the first time, we investigate and quantify the ballistic transport that occurs across ultra-thin poly-Si FGs during programming and experimentally determine its mean free path. This ballistic current has an adverse impact on the reliability of the Inter-poly dielectric (IPD) and potentially limits scaling. We have also demonstrated a solution to this problem in the form of an ultra-thin metal FG and have shown three orders of magnitude lesser ballistic current than poly-Si of same thickness. Further, we have demonstrated functional metal FG down to 3 nm.
Conduction mechanisms through SIMOX buried oxide (2002)

In this study, the electric-field, time, and temperature dependence of intrinsic SIMOX buried-oxide conduction has been characterized. Asymmetry was observed between positive and negative applied gate voltage. Two primary conduction regimes have been identified for both polarities: a high-field regime that appears to be due to Fowler-Nordheim tunneling with substantial apparent barrier-height lowering at both injecting interfaces, and a low-field regime likely due to time-dependent trapping current.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MEMS design : the geometry of silicon micromachining (1994)

The design of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) on the millimeter to micron length scales will be examined in this thesis.

A very broad base of knowledge has been developed concerning the etching processes commonly used in MEMS fabrication. The fundamental problem we have sent out to study is how to model the shape transformations that occur in MEMS fabrication. The ultimate goal is to determine the required input mask geometry for a desired output etched shape.

The body of work begins with the crystal structure of silicon and ends with etched shapes. The underlying crystal structure causes different rates for different directions; this behavior has been modeled to obtain rate models. The information in these rate models has then been used in a number of shape modelers. High level models like the Eshape model provide not only simulation but a framework for true design. Other models such as the Cellular Automata model take a different approach and provide flexible and robust simulators. The tools were used to develop real world MEMS applications such as compensation structures.

As important as the individual models, is the ability to integrate them together to a coherent design tool and allow information to flow between different parts. This synthesis allows a fuller understanding of the etching process from start to finish.

It is important to note that while this thesis deals with etching, the methods developed are very general and are applicable to many shape transformation processes.