gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model Checking and Code Generation for UML State Machines and Collaborations (2002)

The “Unified Modeling Language” (UML [1]) is generally accepted as the de facto standard notation for the analysis and design of object-oriented software systems. It provides diagrams for the description of static, dynamic, and architectural aspects of systems at different levels of detail. In particular, dynamic aspects of system behavior can be specified with the help of interaction (i.e., collaboration or sequence) diagrams that describe single system runs. A more operational view is provided by UML state machines, a variant of the Statechart notation introduced by Harel [2], that are associated with instances of classes. The UML deliberately encourages the use of redundant descriptions of the same aspects of a system, for example during different phases of software development. This redundancy generates an obvious opportunity for verification and validation techniques to ensure the consistency of these descriptions. Moreover, formal methods are generally most beneficial when applied to abstract descriptions. We describe an ongoing project to develop a set of tools, tentatively called HUGO, where model checking technology is applied to relate UML state machines and interaction diagrams. Considering the state machine view as the “model” and the interaction view as the “property”, model checking can be used to ensure that a system run as specified by the interaction diagram can indeed be realised by a set of interacting state machines. In some cases, the absence of errors can be expressed as the impossibility to realise certain “erroneous” interactions. As is typical for applications of model checking, we concentrate on the control part of UML models and largely abstract from the data manipulations. While verification technology such as model checking can reveal errors in system designs, coding errors during later implementation stages may still occur. Since state machines can specify an object’s behavior in full detail, we propose to generate code directly from the UML model. Ideally, formal analysis and code generation are applied to the same model, raising the confidence in the correctness of the resulting system.
Biosynthesis of beta-endorphin from beta-lipotropin and a larger molecular weight precursor in rat pars intermedia. (1978)

When isolated rat pars intermedia cells were incubated for 10 min with radioactive amino acids, one major labeled protein with a molecular weight of 30,000 +/- 1500 was extracted. This protein was shown to contain in its sequence the antigenic determinants for corticotropin and beta-melanotropin by immunoprecipitation. When the radioactivity incorporated into this large molecular weight protein during the first 10 min was chased by a further incubation in presence of an excess of unlabeled amino acid, the initial protein was degraded into several smaller peptides including beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin. Another 18,000-dalton peptide was also observed and was tentatively identified as a large molecular form of corticotropin. From the kinetics of the maturation of the initial precursor, it is concluded that the initial cleavage of the 30,000-dalton peptide gives rise to beta-lipotropin and the 18,000-dalton form of corticotropin. beta-Lipotropin is subsequently cleaved to form beta-endorphin.
How to Make Maps from Cosmic Microwave Background Data without Losing Information (1997)

The next generation of CMB experiments can measure cosmological parameters with unprecedented accuracy - in principle. To achieve this in practice when faced with such gigantic data sets, elaborate data analysis methods are needed to make it computationally feasible. An important step in the data pipeline is to make a map, which typically reduces the size of the data set my orders of magnitude. We compare ten map-making methods, and find that for the Gaussian case, both the method used by the COBE DMR team and various variants of Wiener filtering are optimal in the sense that the map retains all cosmological information that was present in the time-ordered data (TOD). Specifically, one obtains just as small error bars on cosmological parameters when estimating them from the map as one could have obtained by estimating them directly from the TOD. The method of simply averaging the observations of each pixel (for total-power detectors), on the contrary, is found to generally destroy information, as does the maximum entropy method and most other non-linear map-making techniques. Since it is also numerically feasible, the COBE method is the natural choice for large data sets. Other lossless (e.g. Wiener-filtered) maps can then be computed directly from the COBE method map.
Terahertz pulsed spectroscopy of freshly excised human breast cancer (2009)

The complex refractive indices of freshly excised healthy breast tissue and breast cancers collected from 20 patients were measured in the range of 0.15 - 2.0 THz using a portable terahertz pulsed transmission spectrometer. Histology was performed to classify the tissue samples as healthy adipose tissue, healthy fibrous breast tissue, or breast cancers. The average complex refractive index was determined for each group and it was found that samples containing cancer had a higher refractive index and absorption coefficient. The terahertz properties of the tissues were also used to simulate the impulse response functions expected when imaging breast tissue in a reflection geometry as in terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI). Our results indicate that both TPS and TPI can be used to distinguish between healthy adipose breast tissue, healthy fibrous breast tissue and breast cancer due to the differences in the fundamental optical properties.
Turbo-coded/multi-antenna diversity combining scheme for DS/CDMA systems (2002)

In this paper the performance of a combined turbo coded and antenna diversity scheme to synchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) communication over fading mobile radio channels is considered. Turbo codes have a built in structure that is suitable for diversity techniques to improve the quality of communications. The binary input data to a rate 1/(M+1) multiple turbo encoder produces M+1 coded bits, which, in turn, are assigned through suitable puncturing patterns to M different antennas and transmitted from each antenna simultaneously. The novelty of the transmission scheme, is that the original single-antenna rate-1/2 turbo coded system is transformed into a more powerful rate-1/(M+1) turbo code. The bit error rate performance of the proposed combined antenna and turbo coding diversity combining scheme is studied by means of simulation for a quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) DS/CDMA system on a non-frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel. Employing the turbo-coded/multi-antenna diversity combining scheme it is shown that lower bit error rate performance can be achieved, compared to a conventional single antenna scheme employing the same coding strategy.
Characterization of Bacillus stearothermophilus Plasmid pAB124 and Construction of Deletion Variants (1980)

A restriction endonuclease cleavage map of the tetracycline resistance plasmid pAB124, originally isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus, was constructed using ten enzymes. Tetracycline resistance was associated with a 1 x 95 megadalton (Md) region of pAB124 lying between two EcoRI sites, and this region was circularized to produce a viable tetracycline resistance plasmid (pAB224), with two EcoRI fragments of pAB124 deleted amounting to 0 x 95 Md. A second plasmid (pAB524) with one EcoRI fragment (0 x 6 Md) of pAB124 deleted was also constructed. Restriction endonuclease cleavage maps of pAB224 and pAB524 were constructed.
Narrow photoluminescence linewidths from ensembles of self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots (2000)

Self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots have been grown using alternating molecular beams of In, Ga, and As2. The size distribution changes from bimodal to monodisperse as the quantum dots grow larger. Room-temperature photoluminescence experiments on ensembles of these quantum dots show that the emitted intensity remains high as the center wavelength changes from about 1130 to 1345 nm. The linewidths are less than 30 meV for all samples studied, with the narrowest measured linewidth being 18 meV at a peak emission energy of 930.1 meV (1333 nm).
A proxy based indirect routing scheme for ad hoc wireless networks (2003)

The majority of the existing ad hoc wireless network routing protocols has a tendency to use the shortest single path from the source to the destination. However, in constantly changing topologies such as those in mobile ad hoc networks, the shortest single path is quite unstable for reachability and also for traffic load equilibrium. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme, called Applicative Indirect Routing (AIR), to control network traffic congestion and refine the route availability by coping with unreliable links quickly. The proposed scheme, acting as a proactive routing protocol, utilizes additional information about the neighbors shared (defined as proxies) by the sender and receiver to find ondemand an alternative for the original path with unreliable links. The additional bandwidth usage in AIR to obtain the information about shared neighbors is so minimal that the bandwidth availability for data packets is not significantly affected. In our scheme, it is possible for the nodes to dynamically reroute incoming packets into alternative paths so the packets will reach their destinations even when the ideal routing path fails. The conducted simulation experiments show that AIR leads to a much improved system performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end packet delay, and network reliability as compared with a conventional proactive protocol, namely Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV). AIR is also a competitive protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio as compared with two existing reactive protocols; namely Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR).
Botswana: Industrial Court tackles HIV testing in the workplace. (2004)

The Botswana Industrial Court recently decided two cases regarding mandatory HIV testing in the workplace. One case addressed constitutional rights of HIV-infected people, expanding the reach of the Bill of Rights to the private sphere and potentially offering wide protection to people living with HIV/AIDS. Both cases highlight the glaring need for HIV-related legislation in Botswana.
Structural Studies of the Putative O‐Specific Polysaccharide of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> O11 (1996)

A major polysaccharide containing D-galactose, D-glucose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose was obtained after mild acid hydrolysis of the water-soluble material released by treatment of cell walls from Acinetobacter baumannii strain O11 with hot, aqueous phenol. By means of NMR studies, Smith degradation and N-deacetylation/deamination, the repeating unit of the polymer was identified as a branched pentasaccharide of the structure shown. Also present was a minor polymer containing glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose-and 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactose, the structure of which was not elucidated. On serological testing, the polymeric material was shown to correspond to the O-antigenic moiety of the parent extract (assumed to be lipopolysaccharide) and circumstantial evidence indicated that O11 specificity was conferred by the major polymer. [formula: see text]
Protease-activated receptor 2: activation, signalling and function (2003)

PARs (protease-activated receptors) are a family of four G-protein-coupled receptors for proteases from the circulation, inflammatory cells and epithelial tissues. This report focuses on PAR(2), which plays an important role in inflammation and pain. Pancreatic (trypsin I and II) and extrapancreatic (trypsin IV) trypsins, mast cell tryptase and coagulation factors VIIa and Xa cleave and activate PAR(2). Proteases cleave PAR(2) to expose a tethered ligand that binds to the cleaved receptor. Despite this irreversible activation, PAR(2) signalling is attenuated by beta-arrestin-mediated desensitization and endocytosis, and by lysosomal targeting and degradation, which requires ubiquitination of PAR(2). beta-Arrestins also act as scaffolds for the assembly of multi-protein signalling complexes that determine the location and function of activated mitogen-activated protein kinases. Observations of PAR(2)-deficient mice support a role for PAR(2) in inflammation, and many of the effects of PAR(2) activators promote inflammation. Inflammation is mediated in part by activation of PAR(2) in the peripheral nervous system, which results in neurogenic inflammation and hyperalgesia.
Towards an Advanced Spatio-Temporal Visualization System for theMetropolitan Washington D.C. (2006)

This paper delves on a suite of visualization approaches for exploring real-time and historical loop-detector data in the Washington Metropolitan D.C. region. To that endeavor, the authors have developed an effective web-based visualization system, the Advanced Interactive Traffic Visualization System (AITVS). The AITVS provides capabilities to browse the spatiotemporal dimensions hierarchy via roll-up and drill-down operations. It supports data visualization in a standard web-based environment where users can conveniently access the system via the Internet, thus facilitating the utilization of transportation information.
Continuous laser amplification in a monomode fiber longitudinally pumped by evanescent field coupling (1983)

Amplification of continuous laser radiation propagating in a monomode optical fiber was obtained by evanescent field coupling within a pumped dye solution deposited in the neighborhood of the fiber core. A factor-of-25 signal gain was recorded for 632.8-nm He-Ne radiation and DCM dye solution.
Clinical trial of piracetam in patients with myoclonus: Nationwide multiinstitution study in Japan (1996)

Sixty patients with disabling myoclonus excluding mainly spinal myoclonus were treated by piracetam as an open-labeled study, and myoclonus score, neurological symptoms, functional disability, and intensity of myoclonus were scored before and after treatment, including a blinded video inspection. Electrophysiological correlation also was investigated before and after treatment. Piracetam was effective in myoclonus, especially that of cortical origin, in both monotherapy and polytherapy. Piracetam also had positive benefits on gait ataxia and convulsions but not on dysarthria, and feeding and hand writing improved much more significantly. Psychologically significant improvement was seen in decreased motivation, sleep disturbance, attention deficit, and depression, all of which might be possibly secondary benefits associated with improvement of myoclonus. There was no positive correlation between clinical and electrophysiological improvement. Tolerance was good, and side effects were transient. However, hematological abnormalities observed in at least two patients in the present study should be kept in mind when relatively large doses of piracetam are administered, especially in combination with other antimyoclonic drugs.
Synthesis and functionalizations of tetrapyrrole derivatives (2007)

Chapter 1 of this Dissertation presents a brief overview of the history of tetrapyrrole derivatives and of their fundamental properties. Overviews of porphyrins, benzoporphyrins, chlorins and porphycenes are presented. Work presented in Chapter 2 through Chapter 4 mainly focuses on the syntheses and functionalization of chromophore-extended porphyrin derivatives. Several new synthetic routes for the syntheses and functionalizations of extended porphyrins either at the β-position or at the meso-position of porphyrin are developed. From these improved synthetic routes, the regio-selective syntheses of porphyrin derivatives are described. Chapter 2 mainly focuses on the syntheses of β,β'-fused methylenepropanoporphyrins and related porphyrin dimers. Chapter 3 mainly describes a new synthetic route for selective synthesis of benzoporphyrin regioisomers and Chapter 4 mainly discusses new work on the efficient synthesis of the so-called "Hangman Porphyrin" analogs. Chapter 5 consists two parts. The first part is devoted results of work on the total synthesis of an important porphycene derivative, 9-capronyl-oxytetrakis(methyoxyethyl)-porphycene, which has already been shown to have attractive potential applications in photodynamic therapy of tumors. The second part of Chapter 5 concerns the improved syntheses of 2,2'-bipyrrole, which is an important part of our effort to improve the synthesis of porphycene and related tetrapyrrole derivatives. The potential utility of these 2,2'-bipyrroles as bio-probes and ion-binding reagents are also tested. Chapter 6 reports mechanistic studies on the unique regio-selective formation of mono-(L)-aspartylchlorin-e6. This important photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizer has recently undergone a structural revision, and the work reported in this Chapter provides a rationale for the formation of the unexpected regioisomeric structure now known to belong to mono-(L)-aspartylchlorin-e6.
Bacteriophage Bionanowire as a Carrier for Both Cancer‐Targeting Peptides and Photosensitizers and its use in Selective Cancer Cell Killing by Photodynamic Therapy (2012)

A photosensitizer, pyropheophorbid-a (PPa), is conjugated to SKBR-3 breast cancer cell-specific biological nanowire phage, to form a novel PPa-phage complex, which is further successfully used in selectively killing SKBR-3 breast cancer cells by the mechanism of photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Senescence of the retinal pigment epithelium. (1999)

Senescence of human cells has largely been studied as an in vitro phenomenon resulting from replicative exhaustion. The literature contains many studies of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells which document replicative senescence. Several studies by Burke and others illustrate the relationship between donor age and replicative lifespan, the relationship between geographical location of RPE in the posterior pole and replicative lifespan, and the phenomena of altered cellular morphology and decreased culture saturation density for senescent RPE cells. Other studies have focused on the alterations of the expression of specific genes or the alteration of enzymatic activities during the senescence of RPE cells in vitro. Recently, a technique utilizing a histochemical staining procedure for beta galactosidase has been developed which identifies senescent cells. Normal beta galactosidase histochemistry which identifies the lysosomal form of the enzyme is performed at pH 4.0, while senescence-associated beta galactosidase activity is observed at pH 6.0 and is observed in the cytoplasm. We have studied the replicative senescence of human RPE cells in vitro using this procedure and have also measured the length of chromosomal telomeres to identify the aging of cultures in vitro. Our results show that RPE cultures accumulate beta galactosidase positive cells as a function of the number of population doublings and that these data correlate with the shortening of chromosomal telomeres to a functional limit observed for many human cell types at senescence. We have also recently extended this work to the development of a senescence-associated beta galactosidase procedure for observing senescent RPE cells in vivo. Basically, the same histochemical procedure is used with a post-staining bleaching step to clearly visualize staining in the RPE. Our first studies were performed on globes from Rhesus monkeys at a variety of ages from 1 year to 29 years of age. The results show the accumulation of beta galactosidase positive cells in the older monkey eyes. We have also examined several human eyes in an attempt to observe whether any relationship exists between beta galactosidase staining and age, pathology (diabetes, basal laminar deposits), and geographical location (macula vrs. periphery). These studies represent a first effort to determine if senescent RPE are present in vivo. It will be important to extend these studies so that these data might be expressed on a quantitative bases.
Tissue Distribution of Factor VIII Gene Expression In Vivo – A Closer Look (2001)

Previous studies have shown that factor VIII (FVIII) is expressed by multiple tissues. However, little is known about its cellular origin or its level of expression in different organs. In the present study, we examined FVIII gene expression in different tissues on a quantitative basis. Most of the tissues, especially liver and kidney, expressed high levels of FVIII mRNA compared to their level of expression of other hemostatic proteins, including von Willebrand factor (VWF). This was unexpected since FVIII is a trace protein. In situ hybridization analysis confirmed that liver and kidney were rich in FVIII mRNA. In the liver, a clear hybridization signal was detected in cells lining the sinusoids. FVIII mRNA analysis of purified liver cells confirmed the expression of FVIII mRNA by sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells. Low but significant levels of FVIII mRNA were also detected in the hepatocytes. VWF mRNA was not detectable in these cells. Similarly, immunohistochemical staining of liver tissue revealed that FVIII protein is primarily associated with sinusoidal cells. VWF protein was predominantly located in the endothelium of larger vessels. In the kidney, FVIII synthesis was localized to the glomeruli and to tubular epithelial cells. Taken together, these results suggest that besides hepatocytes, non-parenchymal cells (e.g. sinusoidal endothelial cells) contribute to FVIII synthesis. VWF synthesis is primarily confined to extra-hepatic tissues.
Review of methods for improving the yield of charcoal from biomass (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReview of methods for improving the yield of charcoal from biomassMichael Jerry Antal, Jr., William S. L. Mok, Gabor Varhegyi, and Tamas SzekelyCite this: Energy Fuels 1990, 4, 3, 221–225Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00021a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00021a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1096Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts