gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myxoma Virus Optimizes Cisplatin for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer In Vitro and in a Syngeneic Murine Dissemination Model (2017)

A therapeutic approach to improve treatment outcome of ovarian cancer (OC) in patients is urgently needed. Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a candidate oncolytic virus that infects to eliminate OC cells. We found that in vitro MYXV treatment enhances cisplatin or gemcitabine treatment by allowing lower doses than the corresponding IC<sub>50</sub> calculated for primary OC cells. MYXV also affected OC patient ascites-associated CD14<sup>+</sup> myeloid cells, one of the most abundant immunological components of the OC tumor environment; without causing cell death, MYXV infection reduces the ability of these cells to secrete cytokines such as IL-10 that are signatures of the immunosuppressive tumor environment. We found that pretreatment with replication-competent but not replication-defective MYXV-sensitized tumor cells to later cisplatin treatments to drastically improve survival in a murine syngeneic OC dissemination model. We thus conclude that infection with replication-competent MYXV before cisplatin treatment markedly enhances the therapeutic benefit of chemotherapy. Treatment with replication-competent MYXV followed by cisplatin potentiated splenocyte activation and IFNγ expression, possibly by T cells, when splenocytes from treated mice were stimulated with tumor cell antigen ex vivo. The impact on immune responses in the tumor environment may thus contribute to the enhanced antitumor activity of combinatorial MYXV-cisplatin treatment.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 2-Donor-7-acceptor-9-silafluorenes: Remarkable Fluorescence Solvatochromism and Highly Efficient Fluorescence in Doped Polymer Films (2010)

Recently, π-conjugated molecules containing a 9-silafluorene moiety have attracted considerable attention owing to their potential applications in organic electronics. While most studies focus on the oligomers and (co)polymers of 9-silafluorenes, functionalized 9-silafluorenes themselves remain unexplored. In this paper, we describe the preparation, photophysical properties, and theoretical calculations of 2-amino-7-acceptor-9-silafluorenes and we show that these silafluorenes can potentially be used as novel chromophores for functional organic materials. The D-π-A type silafluorenes were prepared by Pd-catalyzed intramolecular coupling of 2-(3-aminophenyldiisopropylsilyl)aryl triflates and the subsequent functional group conversion through reduction of the cyano group to a formyl and Knoevenagel condensation of the formyl group with malonitrile. The UV−visible absorption and fluorescence spectra of the D-π-A type silafluorenes exhibited a red-shift when the electron-withdrawing nature of the acceptor increased. The emission maxima of the fluorescence were highly dependent on the solvent. In the cases of formyl- and dicyanoethenyl-substituted silafluorenes, the emission colors ranged from blue to yellow for the formyl derivatives and from green to red for the dicyanoethenyl derivatives. The noticeable fluorescence solvatochromism suggests the intramolecular charge-transfer character of the excited states. The silafluorenes also exhibited fluorescence in the solid state (e.g., a neat thin film and a doped polymer film), and the emission color was dependent on the polarity of the polymer. In the solid state, the quantum yields of diphenylamino derivatives were generally higher than those of dimethylamino derivatives, presumably because the bulky diphenylamino group prevented chromophores from assembling close to each other. A comparison of the photophysical properties and theoretical calculations of D-π-A type silafluorenes with those of the corresponding fluorenes revealed that the silicon bridge contributed to the extension of the effective conjugation length of the biphenyl moiety when the acceptor was either hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, or a cyano group, whereas there was no contribution of the silicon bridge to the π-extension in silafluorenes substituted by strong electron acceptors such as formyl and dicyanoethenyl groups. White photoluminescence was demonstrated with an excellent quantum yield of 0.81 in the solid state from the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film doped with Ph2N/CHO- and Ph2N/CH═(CN)2-substituted silafluorenes. This work reveals the potential of D-π-A type silafluorenes as versatile organic emitting materials.
Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women (2008)

Pelvic floor disorders affect a substantial proportion of women and increase with age.
Role of Eosinophils in Inflammatory Bowel and Gastrointestinal Diseases (2011)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by the invasion of leukocytes into the intestinal mucosa. However, a mixed inflammatory picture is observed that includes neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. To this day, the role of eosinophils in health and in disease remains unclear. Investigations into their function stem primarily from allergic diseases, asthma, and parasitic infections. This makes it even more difficult to discern a role for the fascinating eosinophil in IBDs because, unlike the lung or the skin, eosinophils reside in normal intestinal mucosa and increase in disease states; consequently, an intricate system must regulate their migration and numbers. These granulocytes are equipped with the machinery to participate in gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation and in the susceptible microenvironment, they may initiate or perpetuate an inflammatory response. A significant body of literature characterizes eosinophils present in the GI microenvironment where they have the potential to interact with other resident cells, thus promoting intestinal remodeling, mucus production, epithelial barrier, cytokine production, angiogenesis, and neuropeptide release. A number of lines of evidence support both potential beneficial and deleterious roles of eosinophils in the gut. Although studies from the gut and other mucosal organs suggest eosinophils affect mucosal GI inflammation, definitive roles for eosinophils in IBDs await discovery.
Nonlinear behaviors of the compositionally graded (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films derived by a sol-gel process (2004)

The compositionally graded Ba1−xSrxTiO3 films with a fine compositional gradient from BaTiO3 to Ba0.70Sr0.30TiO3 were fabricated on LaNiO3-buffered Pt–Ti–SiO2–Si substrates by a sol-gel deposition method. After post-deposition annealing the graded films crystallized into a pure perovskite structure with their crystalline orientation and surface morphology closely related to the deposition sequence of the film layers. Dielectric constant peaks, common to a ferroelectric transition, were not observed in the temperature range from −35 °C to 190 °C. Instead both the dielectric constant and dielectric loss showed negligible temperature dependence. The tunability of up-graded and down-graded films was about 35% and 37%, respectively, at an applied field of 300 kV/cm and measurement frequency of 1 MHz. The improved temperature stability from this type of compositionally graded material is beneficial to applications requiring a wide range of operating temperatures, thereby eliminating the need for environmental controls.
A Vacuum-Based Bonding Mechanism for Modular Robotics (2011)

We explore vacuum as bonding force for modular robotics. Vacuubes are a set of modules that propagate vacuum across their interfaces in order to generate adhesive forces to form and hold structures. We use analog circuits to simulate vacuum transients and understand critical design parameters and then validate these insights in experiments. A 49-module structure that employs vacuum bonding is demonstrated. We conclude that vacuum offers a relatively strong, simple, reliable, and power-efficient connection principle.
The Sensitivity and Accuracy of Dual-Wavelength Spectrophotometers (1964)

The ultimate noise limit of a double-beam spectrophotometer is determined by the shot-noise in the photocurrent of the detector. The magnitude of the photocurrents to be expected is discussed for instruments using grating and prism monochromators. It is shown that a shot-noise level <10−4 can be obtained with both grating and prism monochromators at a bandpass of 1 mμ. The nonlinear relation between a concentration change of the substance under study and the detected signal is examined.
Regulation of Interleukin-8 Expression by Tumor-Associated Stress Factors (2001)

Tumor and host cells frequently express interleukin-8 (IL-8). IL-8 has been shown to be motogenic, mitogenic, and angiogenic and to play important roles in human tumor progression. IL-8 expression can be induced by numerous stress factors present in the tumor environment, such as hypoxia, acidosis, hyperglycemia, hyperosmotic pressure, high cell density, hyperthermia, radiation, and chemotherapeutic agents. Understanding the mechanisms of IL-8 expression and regulation will be helpful in designing potential therapeutic modalities targeting IL-8 to control tumor growth and metastasis.
PLGA microparticle-embedded thermosensitive hydrogels for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs (2007)

The release profile of a hydrophobic drug, indomethacin (IMC), from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles embedded in a chitosan-Pluronic (CP) hydrogel matrix was investigated. The PLGA particles were prepared by an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion method, and were mixed with IMC. The average diameter of the prepared PLGA particles was determined as 41.6 +/- 35.8 microm by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The loading amount and loading efficiency were 0.023 +/- 0.01 mg/mg and 14.8 +/- 0.67%, respectively. The CP solution (16 wt%) was transformed into a thermosensitive hydrogel under increasing temperature above a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In this process, the IMC-loaded PLGA particles were mixed and uniformly dispersed in the solution phase, following thermosensitive gelation. SEM observation revealed that the added IMC-loaded PLGA particles were uniformly dispersed in a three-dimensional matrix of the CP hydrogel, observed by SEM. The PLGA particles embedded in the CP hydrogel released about 30% of loaded IMC for 25 days, showing a significantly sustained release as compared with the PLGA particles only (approximately 50% for the same period). Therefore, it is assumed that this sustained release of IMC results from the retardation effect of the CP hydrogel matrix on the degradation and release of the PLGA particles.
A broadband 480-GHz passive frequency doubler in 65-nm bulk CMOS with 0.23mW output power (2012)

A passive 480-GHz frequency doubler based on accumulation-mode MOS varactor in CMOS process is reported. Using a compact partially-coupled ring structure, the doubler achieves a simultaneous broadband matching for fundamental and 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> -harmonic signals. With optimized gate length and oxide thickness, the MOS varactor achieves a dynamic cutoff frequency of 870GHz while sustaining large voltage swing for high power generation. At 480-GHz output frequency, the doubler has a measured minimum conversion loss of 14.3dB and an unsaturated output power of 0.23mW. The simulated 3-dB output bandwidth is 70GHz (14.6%). The doubler is fabricated using 65-nm low power bulk CMOS technology and consumes zero DC power.
Inhibition of day-12 spleen colony-forming units by a monoclonal antibody to the murine macrophage/monocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (1995)

Primitive hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into committed progenitors that are thought to selectively express hematopoietic growth factor receptor(s), thereby acquiring hematopoietic growth factor responsiveness. To assess whether hematopoietic stem cells express hematopoietic growth factor receptors, the progenitor activity of bone marrow (BM) fractions, isolated by expression of receptors for macrophage/monocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), were examined. Recovery of day-12 spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) is diminished in both M-CSF receptor-positive (M-CSFR+) and M-CSFR- fractions, indicating antibody inhibition of day-12 CFU-S. Incubation of BM cells with antibody without fractionation inhibits 50% to 60% of day-12 CFU-S. This inhibition is specific (control antibodies have no effect) and reversible by removal of bound antibody at low pH. Incubating BM cells with control or antireceptor antibody does not affect day-8 CFU-S, which are predominantly erythroid. Treating sublethally irradiated mice with antibody inhibits endogenous day-12 CFU-S. These results indicate that some early progenitors express M-CSFRs, and blocking M-CSFRs inhibits the ability of these progenitors to form colonies, possibly because of inactivation caused by prolonged receptor blockade.
The Varimax Criterion for Analytic Rotation in Factor Analysis (1958)

An analytic criterion for rotation is defined. The scientific advantage of analytic criteria over subjective (graphical) rotational procedures is discussed. Carroll's criterion and the quartimax criterion are briefly reviewed; the varimax criterion is outlined in detail and contrasted both logically and numerically with the quartimax criterion. It is shown that the normal varimax solution probably coincides closely to the application of the principle of simple structure. However, it is proposed that the ultimate criterion of a rotational procedure is factorial invariance, not simple structure –although the two notions appear to be highly related. The normal varimax criterion is shown to be a two-dimensional generalization of the classic Spearman case, i.e., it shows perfect factorial invariance for two pure clusters. An example is given of the invariance of a normal varimax solution for more than two factors. The oblique normal varimax criterion is stated. A computational outline for the orthogonal normal varimax is appended.
C-doped semi-insulating GaN HFETs on sapphire substrates with a high breakdown voltage and low specific on-resistance (2007)

High breakdown voltage (BV) AlGaN∕GaN heterojunction field effect transistors (HFETs) with a low specific on-resistance (ARDS(on)) were successfully fabricated using intentionally C-doped semi-insulating GaN buffers with a high resistivity on sapphire substrates. With the improvement of not only the resistivity of a C-doped GaN buffer but also the layout design near the gate feeding region, the fabricated devices exhibited a high BV of ∼1600V and low ARDS(on) of 3.9mΩcm2. This result even reaches the 4H-SiC theoretical limit and the best ever reported for the high-power GaN-based HFETs realized on sapphire substrates to the best of our knowledge.
Analysis on the influence of original position for a fully-actuated ship dynamic tracking (2015)

In the broad sense,dynamic tracking is a kind of dynamic positioning dealing with horizontal motions in surge,sway and yaw. Additionally,dynamic tracking is used to let the ships reach the required position within the limited time. With a certain DP-2dynamic positioning fully-actuated vessel as its subject,this paper is dedicated to exploring the consequences of dynamic tracking for the reference trajectories,a straight and a circle respectively,under the environmental forces due to wind,waves and ocean currents using time domain simulation method. Then the simulated track and the horizontal offset as well as the yaw of the ship are analyzed. And the effect of different original positions on dynamic tracking is discussed. It is shown that dynamic tracking with an initial horizontal offset can be achieved. However,it may go down because of overlarge heading deviation.
Finding Approximate Local Minima for Nonconvex Optimization in Linear Time. (2016)

We design a non-convex second-order optimization algorithm that is guaranteed
to return an approximate local minimum in time which is linear in the input
representation. The time complexity of our algorithm to find an approximate
local minimum is even faster than that of gradient descent to find a critical
point. Our algorithm applies to a general class of optimization problems
including training a neural network and other non-convex objectives arising in
machine learning.
TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 are potential growth regulators for medulloblastomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and ependymomas: Evidence in support of an autocrine hypothesis (1994)

Our previous investigations of transforming growth factor types beta 1 and beta 2 (TGF beta s) showed negative or positive autocrine growth regulation of gliomas in vitro. Near-diploid gliomas were inhibited by the TGF beta s, whereas a stimulatory response correlated with progressive anaplasia and karyotypic divergence. We have tested the hypothesis that cytogenetic aberrations may be associated with conversion of TGF beta autoregulation from inhibitory to stimulatory among other cultured neuroectodermal tumors. Anchorage-independent growth and karyotypic aberrations supported the malignant nature in vitro of two medulloblastoma (MBL), two primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), and two ependymoma (EPD) cultures. Transforming growth factor type beta 1 and/or TGF beta 2 RNA was evident by Northern blot analysis among these cell cultures. By radioreceptor assay active TGF beta was present in conditioned medium in concentrations of 0 to 14 ng/mL, whereas the total amount of active and latent TGF beta secreted was in the range of 3 to 118 ng/mL. Expression of the TGF beta radioreceptor (TGF beta-R) types I and II was shown by cross-linking assay. Responses to exogenous TGF beta were determined by [3H]-thymidine incorporation, cell counts, and anchorage-independent clonogenicity. Exogenous TGF beta was growth inhibitory for the near-diploid MBL, PNET, and EPD in vitro, as well as antagonistic to the mitogenic effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin. In contrast, MBL, PNET, and EPD with a hyperdiploid subpopulation were stimulated to proliferate in monolayer culture or soft agar by TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2. The growth response did not correlate with TGF beta-R type. Autocrine regulation was supported by antibody neutralization experiments performed with quiescent cells in the absence of exogenous TGF beta. Anti-TGF beta antisera enhanced the growth of TGF beta-inhibited cultures, whereas the TGF beta-stimulated cultures were inhibited by the antisera. Karyotypic divergence seemed to predict response as MBL, PNET, and EPD with hyperdiploid elements exhibited autocrine TGF beta-stimulation. In contrast, the near-diploid cultures were inhibited by the TGF beta s. By analogy with the gliomas, conversion of TGF beta autocrine regulation from inhibition to stimulation may be a late progression marker of anaplasia among MBL, PNET, and EPD. Secretion of this TGF, which serves both as a mitogen and immunosuppressive agent may contribute to the adverse prognosis of hyperdiploid neuroectodermal neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS).
An Accurate Image Processing Algorithm for Detecting FISH Probe Locations Relative to Chromosome Landmarks on DAPI Stained Metaphase Chromosome Images (2010)

With the increasing use of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) probes as markers for certain genetic sequences, the requirement of a proper image processing framework is becoming a necessity to accurately detect these probe signal locations in relation to the centerline of the chromosome. Although many image processing techniques have been developed for chromosomal analysis, they fail to provide reliable results in segmenting and extracting the centerline of chromosomes due to the high variability in shape of chromosomes on microscope slides. In this paper we propose a hybrid algorithm that utilizes Gradient Vector Flow active contours, Discrete Curve Evolution based skeleton pruning and morphological thinning to provide a robust and accurate centerline of the chromosome, which is then used for the measurement of the FISH probe signals. The ability to accurately detect FISH probe locations with respective to the centerline and other landmarks can provide the cytogeneticists with detailed information that could lead to a faster diagnosis.
Control over magnetic spectrum of multilayer magnetic film metamaterial (2015)

A RLC electric circuit with magnetic core is studied experimentally and theoretically as a promising design of a metamaterial cell. Laminates made of multilayered ferromagnetic films are used as the magnetic core. The wire coiled around the core allows the frequency dependence of permeability to be adjusted according to needs of a particular task by creating a region of intensive magnetic loss below the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the bare core. The theoretic analysis is based on the quasi-statics of magnetic fields and electric currents. The intensity of the loss peak is proportional to the value of μ′2/μ″, where μ′ and μ″ are the frequency-dependent components of permeability of the core material. The magnetic spectra of cells with cores made of laminates of NiFe films and FeCo films have been measured. It is shown that the application of the winding allows the magnetic loss peak to be shifted from 1 GHz to 0.3 GHz for NiFe and from 5 GHz to 0.7 GHz for FeCo. The effective imaginary permeability at the resonant frequency increases by the factors of 5 and 6, correspondingly. The theory agrees well with the measured data.
Free-Electron Lasers (1988)

Free-electron lasers are tunable, potentially powerful sources of coherent radiation over a broad range of wavelengths from the far-infrared to the far-ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. These unique capabilities make them suitable for a broad variety of applications from medicine to strategic defense.
<title>Characterization of an optically controlled phased array antenna</title> (1997)

An optically controlled phase array antenna was characterized at Rome Laboratories Newport Test Site. The wideband antenna has a 500 MHz bandwidth and a scan angle of minus 60 to plus 60 degrees. Five bit photonic time delay modules are the main reason for the large bandwidth capability. A conventional phased array antenna using electronic phase shifters would have on the order of a 50 MHz bandwidth. A wide bandwidth antenna such as this could be used to combine radar, communications and electronic warfare antennas into a single phased array antenna.
Novel model based path planning for multi-axle steered heavy load vehicles (2013)

Maneuvering heavy load transports on narrow roads is a challenging task that requires a precise and reliable planning in advance. This paper introduces a novel procedure that improves planning and execution of heavy load transports by using path planning algorithms. The proposed algorithm augments existing approaches significantly to enable path planning for multi-body vehicles with multi-axle steering.