gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Step-by-step of ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy of the breast: review and technique (2013)

Ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy has high sensitivity in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The present study is aimed at detailing the main steps of such procedure, including indications, advantages, limitations, follow-up and description of the technique, besides presenting a checklist including the critical steps required for an appropriate practice of the technique. In the recent years, an increasing number of patients have required breast biopsy, indicating the necessity of a proportional increase in the number of skilled professionals to carry out the procedures and histological diagnoses. A multidisciplinary approach involving the tripod clinical practice-radiology-pathology is responsible for the highest rate of accuracy of the technique and must always be adopted.
Pulsed Laser Deposition and Characterization of Crystalline Lithium Cobalt Dioxide (LiCoO[sub 2]) Thin Films (2001)

The pulsed laser deposition of and thin films was investigated as a function of deposition conditions. The initial growth process optimization focused on films grown on (200)-textured -coated glass substrates. Film growth was also investigated on ZnO and indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated substrates. For both and dense uniaxially textured (003)-oriented films of the layered phase were grown on the coated substrates. The grain size increased substantially with increased substrate temperature in the range from 400 to 700°C. For constant current cycling between 3.5 and 4.4 V vs. Li, the best crystalline films, grown at had an initial discharge capacity of ∼118 mAh/g (0.43 Li/Co) which decreased ∼0.5% per cycle. For although, as predicted, the films did have a higher cathode potential, the charge capacity was significantly lower than that for films. Finally, functional thin film cathodes were grown on flexible ITO-coated Upilex polymer substrates at © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Effects of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>Content and Mn Doping on Ferroelectric Properties of NaNbO<sub>3</sub>–BaTiO<sub>3</sub>Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Solution Deposition (2009)

Lead-free ferroelectric NaNbO3–BaTiO3 thin films were prepared by chemical solution deposition. Perovskite single-phase NaNbO3–BaTiO3 thin films were successfully fabricated at 550 °C on Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrates. The ferroelectric properties of the NaNbO3–BaTiO3 thin films depended on the BaTiO3 content of NaNbO3–BaTiO3. Among NaNbO3–BaTiO3 films with various BaTiO3 concentrations, the 0.95NaNbO3–0.05BaTiO3 thin films showed relatively large polarization at -190 °C, although the insulating resistance of the films was not sufficiently high at room temperature. To improve the electrical resistivity at ambient temperatures, Mn doping of 0.95NaNbO3–0.05BaTiO3 was examined. The leakage current density of the films was found to be greatly reduced by a small amount of Mn doping. 1.0 mol % Mn-doped 0.95NaNbO3–0.05BaTiO3 thin films showed well-shaped slim ferroelectric polarization–electric field (P–E) hysteresis loops at room temperature. The remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) values of the 1.0 mol % Mn-doped 0.95NaNbO3–0.05BaTiO3 thin films at 1 kHz were approximately 5 µC/cm2 and 50 kV/cm, respectively. Furthermore, the ferroelectric P–E loops of the 1.0 mol % Mn-doped 0.95NaNbO3–0.05BaTiO3 thin films showed good frequency dependence and could be characterized at a frequency as low as 1 Hz.
The first experimental evidence for the cis–trans isomerism of metal chelates with oxyazo ligands (1999)

The cis- and trans-isomers of the metal chelate bis(2-hydroxy-4’-methylazobenzenato)platinum(II) were preparatively isolated and identified for the first time, and the cis-isomer was characterised by X-ray diffraction.
The Taste Tests of Organic Acids (1969)

Sour taste is mainly associated with the hydrogen ion concentration, and to a lesser extent, with the degree of dissociation. From the results of P.S.E. determined by taste tests on nine organic acids, the sourness was more intensive in fumaric>tartaric>malic>acetic>succinic>citric>lactic>ascorbic and>gluconic acids.
Knowledge-based recommender systems (2000)

this paper draws from research in case-based reasoning or CBR (Hammond, 1989; Kolodner, 1993; Riesbeck &amp; Schank, 1989). The restaurant recommender Entree (Burke, Hammond &amp; Cooper, 1996; Burke, Hammond &amp; Young, 1997) makes its recommendations by finding restaurants in a new city similar to restaurants the user knows and likes.
The modal-decomposition method in active-mirror control theory (2018)

This paper analyzes the efficiency of the mode shapes used to describe the displacements of the reflective surface of controllable mirrors in active optical systems. A new method is proposed for determining the orthogonal eigenshapes of the quasi-steady-state deformation of an active mirror with local-force control. This method is used to carry out modal analysis of a mirror simulator that has the same geometrical shape and the same elastic properties as the controllable mirror but possesses zero density, except for concentrated unit masses attached at the sites where the actuators act and taken into account only in the direction of application of the forces or displacements that deform the mirror. It is shown that the use of the eigenshapes obtained by means of a mirror simulator requires less energy and consequently smaller forces by the actuators than when the shapes obtained by singular decomposition are used.
Sanglifehrin A Acts as a Potent Inhibitor of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition and Reperfusion Injury of the Heart by Binding to Cyclophilin-D at a Different Site from Cyclosporin A (2002)

Cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibits opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), a critical event in some forms of necrotic and apoptotic cell death, by binding to cyclophilin D (CyP-D) and inhibiting its peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity. Sanglifehrin A (SfA), like CsA, exerts its immunosuppressive action by binding to cyclophilin A but at a different site from CsA, and unlike the latter, SfA does not inhibit calcineurin activity. Here we demonstrate that SfA inhibits the PPIase activity of CyP-D (K(0.5) 2 nm) and acts as a potent inhibitor of MPTP opening under both energized and de-energized conditions. However, unlike CsA, the dose-response curve for inhibition by SfA is sigmoidal rather than hyperbolic, suggesting a multimeric structure for the MPTP with cooperativity between subunits. Furthermore, SfA does not prevent CyP-D binding to submitochondrial particles or detergent-solubilized adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), implying that CyP-D binding to the ANT does not require PPIase activity but pore opening does. Once bound to the MPTP, SfA is not readily dissociated, and inhibition of pore opening is maintained following extensive washing. To investigate the potential of SfA as an inhibitor of cell death in vivo, we used the Langendorff perfused rat heart. SfA caused a time-dependent inhibition of the MPTP that was maintained on mitochondrial isolation to a greater extent than was CsA inhibition. We demonstrate that SfA, like CsA, improves the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure during reperfusion after 30 min of global ischemia and greatly reduces lactate dehydrogenase release, implying inhibition of necrotic damage. Because SfA does not inhibit calcineurin activity, our data suggest that it may be more desirable than CsA for protecting tissues recovering from ischemic episodes and for studying the role of the MPTP in cell death.
The Fundamental Basis for Cyclopolymerization. IX. A Cyclopolymerization Study of Certain Unsymmetrical 1,6-Heptadienes (1974)

Abstract In an effort to study unsymmetrical 1,6-heptadienes which may form intramolecular charge-transfer complexes and thus enhance their cyclopolymerization characteristics, 2-phenylallyl methacrylate, 2-phenylallyl-2′ -carboethoxyallyl ether, methallyl methacrylate, 2-phenylallyl ether, and 2-phenylallyl methallyl ether were cyclopolymerized by free radical initiation. 2-Phenylallyl-2′ -carboethoxyallyl ether polymerized by both free-radical and thermal initiation to yield cyclopolymers having little residual unsaturation and [η] = 0.185 and 0.390 dl/g, respectively. 2-Phenylallyl methacrylate led to polymer via free-radical initiation having [η] = 0.264 dl/g and containing a large amount of residual 2-phenylallyl unsaturation. 2-Phenylallyl ether led to cyclopolymers having [η] = 0.125 and 0.070 dl/g, respectively, via both free-radical and cationic initiation. Both cyclopolymers contained very little residual unsaturation. 2-Phenylallyl methallyl ether did not polymerize via free-radical initiation.
Purification and characterization of a cAMP- and Ca2+-calmodulin-independent glycogen synthase kinase from porcine renal cortex. (1984)

We recently reported the partial purification of a cAMP-independent and Ca2+-calmodulin-independent glycogen synthase kinase from porcine renal cortex (Schlender, K. K., Beebe, S. J., and Reimann, E. M. (1981) Cold Spring Harbor Conf. Cell Proliferation, 389-400). Subsequent purification indicated that the enzyme preparation consisted of at least three forms of glycogen synthase kinase which could be resolved by ATP gradient elution from aminoethylphosphate-agarose (AEP-agarose). The predominant form of glycogen synthase kinase, which eluted from AEP-agarose between 2 and 6 mM ATP, was purified approximately 800-fold and is designated GSK-A1. It had a molecular weight of 45,000-50,000 as determined by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. It catalyzed the transfer of 1 mol of 32P/mol of synthase subunit into a low molecular weight (10,000) CNBr peptide which was tentatively identified as Ser-7 (site 2) by high performance liquid chromatography. This phosphorylation decreased the activity ratio (activity in the absence of glucose-6-P divided by activity in the presence of 7.2 mM glucose-6-P) from 0.95 to about 0.55. GSK-A1 appeared to be specific for and had low s0.5 values for both substrates, ATP (13 microM) and glycogen synthase (0.3-0.4 microM). The enzyme could not use GTP as the phosphate donor. GSK-A1 was not affected by the protein kinase inhibitor, cAMP, cGMP, Ca2+-calmodulin, EGTA, or trifluoperazine and had a broad pH optimum (pH 7.0-8.5). A second form, GSK-A2, was eluted from AEP-agarose between 7 and 9 mM ATP. GSK-A2 could transfer a 2nd mol of 32P/mol of synthase subunit and decreased the activity ratio to 0.30. The interrelation among these multiple forms is not clear, but the data suggest that multiple kinases are required to form the highly inactivated glycogen synthase in renal tissues.
Inhibition of Viral Gene Expression and Replication in Mosquito Cells by dsRNA-Triggered RNA Interference (2002)

Mosquitoes transmit numerous viral pathogens to humans including dengue virus which affects approximately 50 million individuals per year. Inhibition of viral gene expression within an insect host could be used to block virus replication and subsequent transmission of the pathogen to humans. A naturally occurring gene silencing mechanism triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), RNA interference (RNAi), has recently been described in a number of species including Drosophila. To ascertain if dsRNA-triggered RNAi is present in mosquito cells, we used Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells, and to investigate the feasibility of blocking viral gene expression and replication, we used two mosquito-borne viruses, Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and the serotype 1 dengue virus (DEN1). We demonstrate that dsRNA can specifically inhibit transgene expression in C6/36 cells from both plasmid and SFV replicons and can significantly modify the kinetics of DEN1 RNA and virus replication. The inhibition mediated by dsRNA was sequence-specific and either equal or superior to that induced by antisense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). This study demonstrates dsRNA-triggered inhibition of gene expression and virus replication in mosquito cells and suggests that this mechanism could be used to block pathogen replication within an insect host and, thus, block disease transmission.
The Blue Laser Diode. The Complete Story (2001)

The story of Shuji Nakamura and the blue laser diode is remarkable. It is clear from this book that he enjoys this fact and wishes his readers to become familiar with his success. Nakamura was a little known researcher at a small but successful Japanese company, Nichia Chemical, on Shikoku, one of Japan's four main islands. One of their successful lines was phosphors for fluorescent lights. In 1989, Nakamura was given a few million dollars by the company's Chairman Nobuo Ogawa. Nakamura chose to research into blue light emitters using gallium nitride, a material that had been studied by Pankove at RCA some 20 years earlier and largely written off by the conventional semiconductor industry. In spite of many factors against progress, this second edition ofThe Blue Laser Diode testifies to the success of this gamble.
Functional Interaction between Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-1c, Nuclear Factor Y, and 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Nuclear Receptors (2001)

Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is a key hepatic transcription factor involved in lipogenic gene expression. In an effort to understand the role SREBP-1c plays in lipogenic gene transcription, we have examined the functional interaction between SREBP-1c, nuclear factor Y, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) receptors, and co-activators using the S14 gene promoter as a model. T(3), glucose, and insulin rapidly induce S14 gene transcription in rat liver and in primary hepatocytes. Linker scanning analyses of the S14 promoter showed that an SRE at -139/-131 base pairs (bp) binding SREBP-1c and a Y-box at -104/-99 bp binding NF-Y are indispensable for both T(3)- and SREBP-1c-mediated induction of S14 promoter activity in rat primary hepatocytes. T(3) and glucose/insulin induce S14 gene transcription through separate enhancers. Enhancer substitution studies reveal a preferential interaction between SREBP-1c.NF-Y and the T(3) regulatory region (-2.8/-2.5 kb) binding thyroid hormone receptor/RXR heterodimers. Elevating hepatocellular levels of specific co-activators (CBP, p/CAF, or GCN5) induced S14 promoter activity 2-3-fold, while SREBP-1c induced promoter activity 10-fold. The combination of these treatments induced S14 promoter activity (20-35-fold). However, this additive effect was lost when the T(3) regulatory region was deleted. Based on these results, we suggest that the SREBP-1c.NF-Y complex facilitates the interaction between co-activators that are recruited to distal hormone-regulated enhancers and the general transcription machinery that binds the S14 proximal promoter.
ChemInform Abstract: HALOGEN‐FREE SOLUBLE ZIEGLER CATALYSTS FOR ETHYLENE POLYMERIZATION. CONTROL OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT BY THE CHOICE OF THE REACTION TEMPERATURE (1977)

Abstract Äthylenpolymerisationsversuche wurden mit Bis‐[cyclopentadienyl]‐dimethyltitan durchgeführt.
Serum Selenium Levels and All-Cause, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Mortality Among US Adults (2008)

In a representative sample of the US population, we found a nonlinear association between serum selenium levels and all-cause and cancer mortality. Increasing serum selenium levels were associated with decreased mortality up to 130 ng/mL. Our study, however, raises the concern that higher serum selenium levels may be associated with increased mortality.
연구논문 : 노년기 삶의 만족도의 성별 차이 (2004)

본 연구는 노인인구의 증가, 특히 여성노인의 비율 증가에 주목하여 노년기 삶의 조건이 성별로 어떻게 다르며, 남녀 노인의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인들은 어떻게 다른지를 분석하고 있다. 조사대상은 서울과 춘천지역의 65세 이상 노인 1818명이다. 조사대상 노인 전체의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인들은 성, 건강상태, 의료시설 접근도, 주관적 계층귀속감과 용돈수준, 그리고 동거하지 않는 자녀와의 전화연락빈도로 나타났다. 흥미로운 사실은 기존의 연구들에서는 대부분 성 변수가 노인의 삶의 만족도에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않거나 여성보다 남성의 삶의 만족도가 더 높게 나타난 것과 달리, 본 연구에서는 여성노인의 삶의 만족도가 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 남녀가 생애주기별로 삶의 조건이 다르고 그러한 조건의 차이가 노후 생활의 만족에 대한 기대치에 영향을 미치기 때문에, 여성노인의 객관적 삶의 조건이 남성노인에 비해 취약함에도 불구하고 다른 변수들을 통제할 경우에 여성노인의 삶의 만족도가 높게 나타난 것이라고 판단된다. 노년기 만족도의 성별 차이에서 주목할만한 점은 교육년수와 거주지역, 그리고 용돈수준 등이 여성노인의 만족도와 긴밀한 관련을 보여서, 여성노인의 경우 생애를 통해 성차별이 누적되어 더 취약한 조건에 놓여 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 앞으로 노인의 삶의 만족도를 높이기 위해서는 노인 내부의 다양한 차이, 그 중에서도 생애주기에 따라 서로 다른 조건에 놓여있는 여성노인과 남성노인의 삶의 특성을 반영한 성인지적인(gender sensitive) 연구와 이에 기반한 노인복지정책이 필요함을 시사한다.
In-memory databases: an industry perspective (2003)

Main memory databases store all or part of the data in memory and subsequently reduce or eliminate disk access. This paper presents an architectural study of memory databases with respect to cost/performance trade-offs and applicability issues. Potential performance advantages depend primarily on whether the system is used as an online transaction processing or a decision support system. A major constraint to the storing of data in main memory is the vulnerability of its content to software errors. This fact may force a two level architecture even if main memories cost is considerably reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dendrite cell size and ductility of Al—Si—Mg casting alloys: Spear and Gardner revisited (1996)

Spear and Gardner's classical results† indicate that the tensile ductility of Al–7% Si–0.4% Mg casting alloy increases with decreasing dendrite cell size. However, new experiments show that this relationship is not always followed. Spear and Gardner's results are re-examined in the light of recent observations regarding the fracture mode and the effects of Si particle size and shape on the ductility of this alloy. It is shown that Spear and Gardner's measurements of tensile ductility follow a stepwise dependence on the scale of the dendritic structure, in agreement with more recent results. This behaviour can be related to the Si particle size and morphology which determine the rate of particle cracking with the applied strain for any given dendrite cell size and to changes in the particle distribution brought about by the heat treatment. The latter causes a transition in the fracture mode, from intergranular for the finest cells, when the ductility is highest, to transgranular along the dendrite cell boundaries at intermediate and large cell sizes, when the ductility is moderate or low.
Report on High Analysis Fertilizers (1932)

Journal Article Report on High Analysis Fertilizers Get access John B Smith John B Smith Associate Referee Agricultural Experiment Station, Kingston, R.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 15, Issue 2, 15 May 1932, Pages 272–277, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/15.2.272 Published: 24 February 2020
An object oriented framework for task scheduling (2002)

This paper presents an object oriented framework for task scheduling. This framework can be used in domains such as process-centred software engineering environments, workflow management systems or project management systems. The framework was conceived based on both current methods for the development of frameworks and an existing architectural pattern for process managers. A prototype of the framework was developed using the Java language. The lessons learnt show the experience of extracting a framework from well-known applications that can be reused in practical domains. Thus, this work contributes not only in the production of a framework but also giving insights in the application of novel techniques to the development of frameworks.
Magnetic Sound for 8-mm Projection<!--<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1-10.5594_J11799">*</xref>--> (1947)

A magnetic track deposited between the sprocket holes and the edge of 8-mm film gives good-quality sound which can be added to any ordinary 8-mm film. Modifications of standard projectors for using this system are described. Performances for speeds of 16, 18, and 24 frames per second are given.
Lipid organization in pig stratum corneum. (1995)

The lipid and keratin structure of pig stratum corneum has been elucidated by small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The measurements were carried out as a function of hydration and temperature. In addition, the stratum corneum was measured after recrystallization of the lipids at various temperatures. The results led us to conclude that the intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum are organized in at least two different lamellar structures with repeat distances of 6 and 13.2 nm. There is an indication for the presence of a third phase with a periodicity of 9 nm. The wide-angle pattern revealed a hexagonal (0.414 nm spacing) and liquid lateral packing (approximately 0.46 nm spacing). The 0.414 nm reflection started to decrease in intensity between 60 and 66 degrees C and disappeared between 72 and 95 degrees C. Furthermore, crystalline cholesterol has been indicated by both, wide- and small-angle X-ray diffraction, while the reflections of alpha-keratin were observed in the wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern.
Blue Gene/L compute chip: Control, test, and bring-up infrastructure (2005)

The Blue Gene®/L compute (BLC) and Blue Gene/L link (BLL) chips have extensive facilities for control, bring-up, self-test, debug, and nonintrusive performance monitoring built on a serial interface compliant with IEEE Standard 1149.1. Both the BLL and the BLC chips contain a standard eServer™ chip JTAG controller called the access macro. For BLC, the capabilities of the access macro were extended 1) to accommodate the secondary JTAG controllers built into embedded PowerPC® cores; 2) to provide direct access to memory for initial boot code load and for messaging between the service node and the BLC chip; 3) to provide nonintrusive access to device control registers; and 4) to provide a suite of chip configuration and control registers. The BLC clock tree structure is described. It accommodates both functional requirements and requirements for enabling multiple built-in self-test domains, differentiated both by frequency and functionality. The chip features a debug port that allows observation of critical chip signals at full speed.
A Arquitetura do Escritório Forte Gandolfi 1962-1973. (2012)

A circulação de jovens arquitetos constituiu um vetor de expansão de novas idéias no Brasil em meados do século XX, o que impulsionou o aparecimento de importantes obras modernas. A partir da década de 1960 a capital do estado do Paraná, Curitiba, foi também permeada por arquitetos originários de várias regiões; com destaque para um grupo de egressos da Universidade Mackenzie, em São Paulo, que percebeu uma oportunidade única e buscou ali o reconhecimento do meio intelectual e arquitetônico,\nprincipalmente através da participação em concursos de\narquitetura. Luiz Forte Netto, José Maria Gandolfi e Roberto Luis Gandolfi tiveram um importante papel no cenário arquitetônico paranaense, em especial durante sua sociedade no escritório Forte Gandolfi, que se consolida em Curitiba a partir de 1962. Esta pesquisa busca analisar sua produção arquitetônica e pretende mostrar a contribuição dos arquitetos e de suas obras na ampliação do panorama da arquitetura moderna brasileira desse período.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Photoresponsive Crown Ethers via Olefin Metathesis. (1989)

Abstract The crown ether‐fused cage compound (IVa), prepared from the benzoquinone (I) and the methoxymethylcyclopentadiene (II) via the cycloadduct (III), and its demethoxymethylated analogue (IVb) undergo cycloreversion upon heating, producing the dienediones (V).