gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production and Localization of Recombinant Pharmaceuticals in Transgenic Seeds (2009)

Among the many plant-based production systems that have been developed for pharmaceutical proteins, seeds have the useful advantage of accumulating proteins in a relatively small volume, and recombinant proteins are very stable in dry seeds allowing long-term storage and facilitating distribution before processing.To take full advantage of the natural ability of endosperm cells to store large amounts of protein in a protected subcellular environment, it is useful to target recombinant proteins to appropriate storage organelles. In this chapter, we describe the distinct types of protein storage organelles in the cereal endosperm and a protocol for the detection of recombinant proteins in these organelles by immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling.The use of food and feed crops for the production of pharmaceutical proteins such as edible vaccines implies the need for strict separation of the transgenic seeds from the food and feed chain. For improved traceability visual markers may be co-expressed with the gene of interest in engineered seeds. DsRed is one example for a fluorescent protein that can be detected with high sensitivity using low tech equipment. We therefore describe the generation of transgenic maize plants expressing DsRed in a constitutive manner, and we point out the advantages of using this marker during the process of transformation and selection of plant tissue and later during breeding of transgenic lines into elite germplasm.
<title>X-ray monochromator for divergent beam radiography using conventional and laser-produced x-ray sources</title> (2001)

We discuss technology that will produce a wide angle monochromatic beam of X-rays that appears to diverge from a virtual point source. Although our ideas are discussed in the context of dual energy subtraction angiography (DESA) that we are developing to operate in a clinical setting, they are widely adaptable to all applications of x-ray radiography. The best DESA analysis is obtained from X-ray images made in narrow energy bands just below and just above the I K-absorption edge. Our monochromator will be used to isolate these narrow bands to produce high contrast, high spatial resolution, ECG gated angiographic images. Emission lines, that have X-ray energies below (E-) and above (E+) the I K-absorption edge at 33.2 keV, are readily available. We have deposited variable d-spacing artificial crystals, called multilayers, on optically flat, very smooth substrates, to create narrow pass band X-ray monochromators centered on La and Ba K-emission lines. We will record (E-) and (E+) exposures on either photographic plates or, in the future, with energy sensitive pixelated arrays of solid state detectors. After a suitable normalization, the exposures will be subtracted to yield a high resolution, high contrast image of the I filled arteries. Although initial results will be obtained with conventional X-ray tubes, our goal is to couple the monochromators to a high intensity, laser produced, X-ray plasma. We will present early test data that shows the multilayer performance.
Missense misreading of asparagine codons as a function of codon identity and context. (1987)

During asparagine starvation the frequency of lysine for asparagine substitutions increases to levels that enable one to isolate and sequence mistranslated protein. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to construct a series of derivatives of the gene encoding the coat protein of the bacteriophage MS2. The mutant set constructed has either AAU or AAC as codon three in the gene with each possible adjoining 3' base. Lysine incorporation in coat protein encoded by these genes shows that AAU is misread from 4- to 9-fold more frequently than AAC with any 3' context. Although in some cases context effects of approximately 2-fold were noted, there seems to be no simple hypothesis to explain them.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Range Imagery (2008)

The present thesis handles the topic of how to determine the three dimensional motion field from a corresponding sequence of range images. We investigate signals given by range cameras that are based on the time-of-flight principle for which they employ the novel optoelectronic photonic-mixer-device (PMD). Its signal comprises information about the range, the mean radiant flux and its modulation amplitude. We discuss how to take advantage of this wealth of information. The estimation of a motion field from image sequences is an ill-posed inverse problem which can not be solved in general. Moreover, the spatiotemporal signal of a PMD-camera is corrupted by several kind of, partially rather specific, errors of systematic and statistical nature depending explicitly on time and space (motion-artifacts). We analyze those errors and develop a method to correct for systematic errors in the range signal. By means of a novel two-state-channel-smoothing we improve range images corrupted by noise and outliers. We use and extend the structure tensor approach to come for the first time to an improved motion estimate that exploits the PMD-signal and provides an inherent measure for its confidence. The presented algorithms were developed under the premise to be of a computational complexity that not forbids their application within an embedded system. They are tested on synthetic and real images and image sequences.
Shear-Enhanced Oral Microbial Adhesion (2009)

Shear-enhanced adhesion, although not observed for fimbria-mediated adhesion of oral Actinomyces spp., was noted for Hsa-mediated adhesion of Streptococcus gordonii to sialic acid-containing receptors, an interaction implicated in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis.
Multiplex Brain Proteomic Analysis Revealed the Molecular Therapeutic Effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Mice (2015)

Stroke is the second-leading cause of death worldwide, and tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is the only drug used for a limited group of stroke patients in the acute phase. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has long been used for improving neurological functional recovery in stroke. In this study, we characterized the therapeutic effect of TPA and BHD in a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) injury mouse model using multiplex proteomics approach. After the iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis, 1310 proteins were identified from the mouse brain with <1% false discovery rate. Among them, 877 quantitative proteins, 10.26% (90/877), 1.71% (15/877), and 2.62% (23/877) of the proteins was significantly changed in the CIR, BHD treatment, and TPA treatment, respectively. Functional categorization analysis showed that BHD treatment preserved the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) (Alb, Fga, and Trf), suppressed excitotoxicity (Grm5, Gnai, and Gdi), and enhanced energy metabolism (Bdh), thereby revealing its multiple effects on ischemic stroke mice. Moreover, the neurogenesis marker doublecortin was upregulated, and the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and Tau was inhibited, which represented the neuroprotective effects. However, TPA treatment deteriorated BBB breakdown. This study highlights the potential of BHD in clinical applications for ischemic stroke.
Tough Germanium Nanoparticles under Electrochemical Cycling (2013)

Mechanical degradation of the electrode materials during electrochemical cycling remains a serious issue that critically limits the capacity retention and cyclability of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Here we report the highly reversible expansion and contraction of germanium nanoparticles under lithiation-delithiation cycling with in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). During multiple cycles to the full capacity, the germanium nanoparticles remained robust without any visible cracking despite ∼260% volume changes, in contrast to the size-dependent fracture of silicon nanoparticles upon the first lithiation. The comparative in situ TEM study of fragile silicon nanoparticles suggests that the tough behavior of germanium nanoparticles can be attributed to the weak anisotropy of the lithiation strain at the reaction front. The tough germanium nanoparticles offer substantial potential for the development of durable, high-capacity, and high-rate anodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries.
Singlet-singlet and singlet-heat annihilations in fluorescence-based organic light-emitting diodes under steady-state high current density (2005)

We observed a significant decrease in electroluminescence (EL) in the high-current-density region (J&gt;1A∕cm2) in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The decreased external quantum efficiency (ηext) in an OLED with a cathode diameter of d=50μm was in excellent agreement with the singlet–singlet annihilation (SSA) model. In contrast, the decreased ηext in an OLED with a cathode diameter of d=1000μm coincided well with the singlet-heat annihilation (SHA) model. These results suggest that large OLEDs generate significant Joule heat, which causes additional exciton dissociation in addition to SSA. We also used a very thermally conductive sapphire substrate (46k∕Wm−1K−1) combined with a small cathode diameter of 50μm in an OLED to alleviate the ηext roll off characteristics and achieved injection at a much higher current density. With this device configuration, a maximum current density of Jmax=447A∕cm2 was achieved. However, decreased ηext based on SHA was observed in the high current region, indicating that significant Joule heat was generated under a few hundred A∕cm2 that induced additional exciton dissociation even when the sapphire substrate was used.
The Usefulness of Exit Interviews and Employment Surveys in Understanding Employee Turnover (2005)

For decades, employee turnover has been a concern for human resource practitioners and researchers alike. This concern, which is evident from the large number of studies that exist in the literature, is not surprising given the negative consequences that may stem from employee turnover. While employee turnover can have positive consequences (e.g. infusion of new ideas and increased opportunities within the company), it is the negative consequences such as the costs associated with employee turnover that have often attracted much of the attention. This paper examines case study data generated by the exit interviews of terminating staff and an employee survey of existing staff in a large publishing organisation to determine their usefulness in understanding voluntary employee turnover. The aim of the paper is to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the organisation's exit interview approach vis-a-vis the employee survey. The paper also puts forward recommendations for improving the design and implementation of both exit interviews and employee surveys.
A Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Pathway Accounts for the Majority of Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate Formation in Chemoattractant-stimulated Human Neutrophils (1996)

The signaling pathway leading from G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors to the generation of oxidants by NADPH oxidase in human neutrophils requires the formation of the lipid mediator phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). Two mechanisms through which PIP3 can be generated have been described in human leukocytes. One pathway involves the coupling of the src-related tyrosine kinase Lyn to the "classical" p85/p110 form of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The second paradigm utilizes a novel form of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase whose activity is directly regulated by G protein betagamma subunits. In this paper, we show that formation of PIP3 in chemoattractant-stimulated neutrophils is substantially attenuated by inhibitors that specifically block tyrosine kinase activity. These data suggest that the Lyn activation pathway plays a major role in the formation of this important lipid messenger during chemoattractant stimulation of human neutrophils.
Time-Resolved Photoluminescence and Photovoltaics (2005)

The time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) technique and its ability to characterize recombination in bulk photovoltaic semiconductor materials are reviewed. Results from a variety of materials and a few recent studies are summarized and compared.
Query Decomposition, Optimization and Processing in Multidatabase Systems. (1995)

1. Introduction One way of achieving interoperability among heterogeneous, federated DBMSs is through a multidatabase system that supports a single common data model and a single global query language on top of different types of existing systems. The global schema of a multidatabase system is the result of a schema integration of the schemas exported from the underlying databases, i.e., local databases. A global query language is used by users of the multidatabase system to specify queries against the global schema. Three steps are necessary to process the global queries [MY 95]: First a global query is decomposed into subqueries such that the data needed by each subquery are available from one local database. Next each subquery is translated to a query or queries of the corresponding local database system and sent to a local database system for execution. Third the results returned by the subqueries are combined into the answer. Multidatabase query optimization has been addressed in...
Fashion-focused creative commons social dataset (2013)

In this work, we present a fashion-focused Creative Commons dataset, which is designed to contain a mix of general images as well as a large component of images that are focused on fashion (i.e., relevant to particular clothing items or fashion accessories). The dataset contains 4810 images and related metadata. Furthermore, a ground truth on image's tags is presented. Ground truth generation for large-scale datasets is a necessary but expensive task. Traditional expert based approaches have become an expensive and non-scalable solution. For this reason, we turn to crowdsourcing techniques in order to collect ground truth labels; in particular we make use of the commercial crowdsourcing platform, Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT). Two different groups of annotators (i.e., trusted annotators known to the authors and crowdsourcing workers on AMT) participated in the ground truth creation. Annotation agreement between the two groups is analyzed. Applications of the dataset in different contexts are discussed. This dataset contributes to research areas such as crowdsourcing for multimedia, multimedia content analysis, and design of systems that can elicit fashion preferences from users.
Altered feeding responses in mice with targeted disruption of the dopamine-3 receptor gene. (2003)

Dopamine signaling has been implicated in the control of food intake and body weight. In particular, dopamine is important in the control of meal size and number and is thought to mediate the response to metabolic deprivation states. In the present experiments, the authors assessed the role of the dopamine-3 receptor (D3R) in the feeding responses to 2-deoxy-D-glucose, mercaptoacetate, and peripheral insulin. All 3 compounds increased food intake in wild-type mice, but the hyperphagic responses were blunted in D3R-/- mice. In other experiments, D3R-/- mice were hyperresponsive to the administration of amylin and leptin relative to wild-type mice. These results support the hypothesis that D3Rs chronically inhibit the effects of adiposity hormones, thereby contributing to a net anabolic state.
Wavelength selective optical logic and interconnects (1993)

A wavelength selective optical logic (WSOL) element that uses monolithically integrated wavelength selective optical input and output elements is described. Input optical signals are detected by photothyristors situated in an optical cavity which provides a highly selective response of a wavelength determined by the fabrication process. Output signals are generated by vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, whose lasing wavelengths can also be specified during the fabrication process. A vertical integration of these input and output elements that is suitable for wavelength selective optical logic and wavelength selective optical interconnect applications is proposed. The proposed circuitry is easily cascadable so that arbitrarily complex optical logic functions can be performed by WSOL devices in series. Several of the possible logic functions are described, including OR and AND gates, an adder, and a flip-flop.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigation of Anti-Stiction Coating for MEMS Switch using Atomic Force Microscope (2007)

This article discusses anti-stiction coating for Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) switch using atomic force microscope (AFM). In the air, stiction occurs by the attractive force that arises from the capillary force generated from forming a liquid meniscus by water vapor across MEMS switch gap, and the switch does not function normally. We have measured adhesion force for Au and Pt surfaces between 10% and 85% relative humidity (RH), and compared it with that of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , Si, and self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces. Our measurements indicate that approximately 20 nm thick sputtered Au and Pt coatings are useful to prevent stiction of MEMS switch.
On the auxetic properties of generic rotating rigid triangles (2011)

Materials having a negative Poisson's ratio (auxetic) get fatter rather than thinner when uniaxially stretched. This phenomenon has been often explained through models that describe how particular geometric features in the micro or nanostructure of the material deform when subjected to uniaxial loads. Here, a new model based on scalene rigid triangles rotate relative to each other will be presented and analysed. It is shown that this model can afford a very wide range of Poisson's ratio values, the sign and magnitude of which depends on the shape of the triangles and the angles between them. This new model has the advantage that it is very generic and may be potentially used to describe the properties in various types of materials, including auxetic foams and their relative surface density. Specific applications of this model, such as a blueprint for a system that can exhibit temperature-dependent Poisson's ratios, are also discussed.
Increasing incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Ontario, Canada: evidence from health administrative data (2009)

Ontario has one of the highest rates of childhood-onset IBD in the world, and there is an accelerated increase in incidence in younger children.
1-Indanone Derivatives from Bracken, <I>Pteridium aquilinum</I> var. <I>latiusculum</I> (1971)

1-Indanone Derivatives from Bracken, Pteridium aquilinum var.latiusculum Bracken is now attracting the attention because of its radiomimetic and carcinogenic properties. 1) From hexane and benzene fractions of methanol extract of air-dried young leaves of bracken, Pteridium aquilinum KUHN var.latiusculum UNDERWOOD (Pteridaceae) (Japanese name, warabi), collected at Hokkaido in June, we have so far isolated six 1-indanone derivatives by chromatographic separation.This communication concerns with the structure elucidation of these compounds.
Comparison of Nondestructive Testing Methods on Detection of Delaminations in Composites (2012)

Delamination is one of the most common defects in carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) components, such as those used in aircraft and wind turbine blades. To detect delaminations, different NDT methods such as ultrasonic (UT), eddy current (EC) scanning, flash thermography, and recent developed pulsed-eddy-current-(PEC-) simulated thermography are conducted for comparison and evaluation of the new developed PEC thermography system at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), China through UK-China collaboration. A PEC-stimulated thermography system is built at NUAA, extended from previous joint work between Newcastle and Bath Universities. Using these NDT systems, man-made, dedicated delaminations with varied diameters and depths are investigated and studied. Through this comparison, PEC-stumilated and flash thermography show relatively good indications of the shape of delaminations. The joint studies also show that PEC-stimulated thermography has unique advantage for fibre orientation evaluation.
The “Donut” Mastopexy (1980)

A previously described technique of mastopexy is employed whereby a donut-shaped portion of periareolar skin is deepithelized. The radius of the skin to be removed is usually 2 to 3 cm and includes a portion of the areola. The resulting wound is closed, leaving only a periareolar scar. The primary motivation for such a mastopexy was (1) minimizing scar to the periareolar area, (2) complete preservation of nipple sensation, and (3) ease and short duration of surgery. It is often used to correct a protuberant nipple-areolar complex ("Snoopy" deformity). Follow-up on 13 patients who underwent the procedure for ptosis indicated that surgery is brief and easy to perform, and nipple sensation is preserved. However, ptosis may recur even in small breasts; the periareolar scar often becomes hypertrophic; the breasts assume a more globular shape; and areolar spreading occurs to some extent in most cases. In view of the potential problems with the donut mastopexy it is suggested that (1) the procedure be reserved for very small breasts or those with only a protuberant nipple-areolar complex, where there is little weight to hasten areolar stretching and recurrent ptosis, and (2) the new areolar should be made smaller than desired in anticipation of post-operative stretching.
Electrochemical Study of the Electroless Deposition of Co(W, B) Alloys (2005)

This paper presents the results of a study of the electroless deposition process and the film properties of cobalt-tungsten-boron [Co(W, B)] thin layers on thin copper films. Two solutions based on cobalt citric complexes and dimethylaminoborane reducing agent were developed. Tungsten was introduced into the solutions by using either sodium tungstate or tungsten acid. The deposited thin-film composition was characterized as a function of the bath formulation by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Electroless deposition was studied through electrochemical approach via linear sweep voltammetry analysis of the following two partial reactions: a. metal reduction and b. the oxidation of the reducing agent at the Co(W, B) plated electrodes. In situ mixed potentials of the process for different electrolytes were measured. The deposition rate of cobalt alloys was gravimetrically measured as well. Comparison between direct experimental values of the mixed potential and deposition rate with those derived theoretically from the current-potential curves for partial reactions shows the electrochemical nature of the deposition reaction with current yield value of about 0.7-0.8 and 0.98 for solution with sodium tungstate and alkali metals free bath, respectively. The optimal conditions (i.e., temperature, pH) and composition of aqueous solution for the deposition of Co(W, B) films were defined. Those films can be applied as both barrier and capping layers for ultra-large-scale-integration metallization for integrated circuits and microsystem-technology applications.