gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vision-Based Measurement of Heart Rate from Ballistocardiographic Head Movements Using Unsupervised Clustering (2019)

Heart rate has been measured comfortably using a camera without the skin-contact by the development of vision-based measurement. Despite the potential of the vision-based measurement, it has still presented limited ability due to the noise of illumination variance and motion artifacts. Remote ballistocardiography (BCG) was used to estimate heart rate from the ballistocardiographic head movements generated by the flow of blood through the carotid arteries. It was robust to illumination variance but still limited in the motion artifacts such as facial expressions and voluntary head motions. Recent studies on remote BCG focus on the improvement of signal extraction by minimizing the motion artifacts. They simply estimated the heart rate from the cardiac signal using peak detection and fast fourier transform (FFT). However, the heart rate estimation based on peak detection and FFT depend on the robust signal estimation. Thus, if the cardiac signal is contaminated with some noise, the heart rate cannot be estimated accurately. This study aimed to develop a novel method to improve heart rate estimation from ballistocardiographic head movements using the unsupervised clustering. First, the ballistocardiographic head movements were measured from facial video by detecting facial points using the good-feature-to-track (GFTT) algorithm and by tracking using the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) tracker. Second, the cardiac signal was extracted from the ballistocardiographic head movements by bandpass filter and principal component analysis (PCA). The relative power density (RPD) was extracted from its power spectrum between 0.75 Hz and 2.5 Hz. Third, the unsupervised clustering was performed to construct a model to estimate the heart rate from the RPD using the dataset consisting of the RPD and the heart rate measured from electrocardiogram (ECG). Finally, the heart rate was estimated from the RPD using the model. The proposed method was verified by comparing it with previous methods using the peak detection and the FFT. As a result, the proposed method estimated a more accurate heart rate than previous methods in three experiments by levels of the motion artifacts consisting of facial expressions and voluntary head motions. The four main contributions are as follows: (1) the unsupervised clustering improved the heart rate estimation by overcoming the motion artifacts (i.e., facial expressions and voluntary head motions); (2) the proposed method was verified by comparing with the previous methods using the peak detection and the FFT; (3) the proposed method can be combined with existing vision-based measurement and can improve their performance; (4) the proposed method was tested by three experiments considering the realistic environment including the motion artifacts, thus, it increases the possibility of the non-contact measurement in daily life.
Area Light Sources for Real-Time Graphics (1996)

In an effort to extend the sorts of lighting models used in real-time computer graphics, this paper presents several area light source models, including Lambertian and Phong illumination from constant and cosine-falloff hemispherical light sources, constant subhemispherical light sources, and constant polygonal light sources. The subhemispherical lighting model can also be used to represent illumination from finite-distance spherical light sources. The models are not unduly more expensive than the simple point light source models, and are capable of real-time evaluation. 1
Neural Correlates for Angular Head Velocity in the Rat Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus (2001)

Many neurons in the rat lateral mammillary nuclei (LMN) fire selectively in relation to the animal's head direction (HD) in the horizontal plane independent of the rat's location or behavior. One hypothesis of how this representation is generated and updated is via subcortical projections from the dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTN). Here we report the type of activity in DTN neurons. The majority of cells (75%) fired as a function of the rat's angular head velocity (AHV). Cells exhibited one of two types of firing patterns: (1) symmetric, in which the firing rate was positively correlated with AHV during head turns in both directions, and (2) asymmetric, in which the firing rate was positively correlated with head turns in one direction and correlated either negatively or not at all in the opposite direction. In addition to modulation by AHV, some of the AHV cells (40.1%) were weakly modulated by the rat's linear velocity, and a smaller number were modulated by HD (11%) or head pitch (15.9%). Autocorrelation analyses indicated that with the head stationary, AHV cells displayed irregular discharge patterns. Because afferents from the DTN are the major source of information projecting to the LMN, these results suggest that AHV information from the DTN plays a significant role in generating the HD signal in LMN. A model is proposed showing how DTN AHV cells can generate and update the LMN HD cell signal.
Preparation and properties of (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1992)

Lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) thin films have been grown on Pt/MgO(100) and Pt/SiO2/Si substrates at 650 °C by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using Pb(C2H5)4, La(DPM)3, Zr(DPM)4 and Ti(i − OC3H7)4 as the source materials. The properties of PLZT films were investigated as a function of the La content in a range of 0–15 at.% with a composition ratio of Zr/(Zr+Ti)&lt;0.5. The films were of a single perovskite structure, and highly oriented to the c axis of the tetragonal phase on a Pt/MgO(100) substrate. The films were transformed from tetragonal to nearly cubic as the La content was increased. The films were colorless and transparent, and the surface morphology became smoother through an La addition. The relative dielectric constants increased as the La content was increased up to about 5 at.%. The remanent polarizations were 25–30 μC/cm2, and the coercive field decreased from 53 to 30 kV/cm as the La content was increased in the films having Zr/Ti=40/60.
Estimation of Critical Pigment Volume Concentration in Latex Paint Systems Using Gas Permeation (2005)

Critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC) is a fundamental transition characteristics at which properties of a coating changes significantly. At this point voids begin to introduce through the film. Many methods have been proposed to determine the CPVC of indoor latex paints based on the change of a film property. These methods are mostly time consuming. In this research, a new method has been proposed based on permeability of coating and it is compared with wet scrub resistance method which is a mechanical one. Wet scrub test is based on the void contents and the strength of the interfaces of latex particles existing in the film. In contrast, permeation test is only based on the void contents through the film and therefore it is more consistent with the definition of CPVC. It was observed that this new method is several times faster and less sensitive to aging or annealing.
Chronicles from the Diaspora: A Memoir (2002)

Chronicles from the Diaspora: A Memoir is a personal reflection on the author's seven years of college education; a journey from a "low-achieving" high school student to a promising college graduate. It highlights the continual struggle to transcend socioeconomic, political, and cultural borders, while at the same time, longing for a return to his past. This narrative captures a glimpse into the life of a Mexicano student striving to find a place in communities seemingly oblivious to his Mexicano experience. His thoughts are the product of the Diaspora, written in isolation and despair.
A 6-GHz Low-Power BiCMOS SiGe:C 0.25 $\mu$m Direct Digital Synthesizer (2008)

A 6-GHz low power SiGe direct digital synthesizer (DDS) is reported. This letter discusses the BiCMOS design improvements used for the phase accumulator and the phase-to-amplitude conversion in order to achieve higher speed operation and lower power consumption compared to existing DDS. The phase accumulator is based on a three-level BiCMOS logic, and the phase-to-amplitude conversion is completed through a bipolar differential pair. The circuit has been processed in a BiCMOS SiGe:C 0.25 mum technology. The power consumption is 308 mW and it operates from a 2.8 V supply. The chip core area is 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Sirtuins: The ‘ <i>magnificent seven</i> ’, function, metabolism and longevity (2007)

The sirtuin family of histone deacetylases (HDACs) was named after their homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene silent information regulator 2 (Sir2). In the yeast, Sir2 has been shown to mediate the effects of calorie restriction on the extension of life span and high levels of Sir2 activity promote longevity. Like their yeast homologs, the mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are class III HDACs and require NAD(+) as a cofactor to deacetylate substrates ranging from histones to transcriptional regulators. Through this activity, sirtuins are shown to regulate important biological processes ranging from apoptosis, adipocyte and muscle differentiation, and energy expenditure to gluconeogenesis. We review here the current knowledge regarding the role of sirtuins in metabolism, longevity, and discuss the possible therapeutic applications that could result from the understanding of their function in different organs and pathologies.
Molecular evidence of fetal‐derived chromosome 21 markers (STRs) in transcervical samples (1995)

Transcervical cells (TCCs), collected by flushing or aspiration at 8-13 weeks of gestation, were analysed for the presence of fetal-derived DNA sequences. DNA extracted from maternal peripheral blood, TCC samples, and placental tissue was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect small tandem repeat (STR) markers specific to chromosome 21. STR products of fetal origin could be clearly observed in four TCC samples. TCC samples collected by flushing or aspiration were also analysed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using X and Y probes simultaneously: 46,XY cells could be detected in all TCC samples obtained from mothers with male fetuses.
The Prognostic and Pathophysiologic Role of Pro‐ and Antiinflammatory Cytokines in Severe Malaria (1999)

Pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines were measured on admission in 287 consecutive Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum malaria. Plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentrations and the IL-6: IL-10 ratio were significantly higher in patients who died than in survivors (P<.001). On multivariate analysis, hyperparasitemia, jaundice, and shock were all associated independently with raised IL-6, IL-10, and interferon-gamma, and acute renal failure specifically with raised TNF-alpha levels. Cerebral malaria patients, particularly those without other vital organ dysfunction, had significantly lower levels of these cytokines (P=.006), reflecting a more localized pathology. Serial IL-6 and IL-10 measurements made on 43 patients who died and matched survivors indicated a relative deficiency in IL-10 production as death approached. Elevated plasma cytokines in severe malaria are associated with systemic pathologic abnormalities, not cerebral involvement. Both the overall magnitude of the cytokine responses and the eventual imbalance between the pro- and antiinflammatory responses are important determinants of mortality.
Odeur et constitution X. Sur la constitution des hydrocarbures C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>28</sub> obtenus par traitement de l'«oxyde de sclaréol» à l'acide sulfurique (1954)

Abstract The infrared spectrum of the mixture of hydrocarbons C 18 H 28 formed by the action of sulfuric acid on «sclareoloxide» has been determined and discussed.
The Effect of Head Position on the Analysis of Cervical Motion (1994)

The motion of the head and neck until injury, or the threshold of injury is normally limited by the tension of soft tissues along the cervical spine and by any obstruction. The relative range of motion (ROM) available during loading until injury is dependent partially upon the initial starting position and the combinations of motions. In this study, an electromagnetic six degree of freedom digitizer was used to quantitatively assess the effect of head position on cervical spine ROM measurements for a group of 25 subjects with no known cervical symptoms. Forward sagittal translation of the head with respect to the thorax (protrusion) diminished the amount of extension motion available by 4.6°/cm. Backward sagittal translation of the head (retraction) diminished the amount of flexion motion available by 6.1°/cm. In addition, when the head was axially rotated losses of approximately 50% were displayed for measurements of flexion, extension, and lateral bending. This paper illustrates the importance of a defined starting head position when measuring cervical motion and the effects of combined motions. Accurate cervical ROM measurements will be influential in the design of sports equipment and in determining mechanisms of injury.
Visual cues for imminent object contact in realistic virtual environments (2000)

Distance judgments are difficult in current virtual environments, limiting their effectiveness in conveying spatial information. This problem is apparent when contact occurs while a user is manipulating objects. In particular, the computer graphics used to support current-generation immersive interfaces does a poor job of providing the visual cues necessary to perceive when contact between objects is about to occur. This perception of imminent contact is important in human motor control. Its absence prevents a sense of naturalness in interactive displays which allow for object manipulation. This paper reports results from an experiment evaluating the effectiveness of binocular disparity, cast shadows and diffuse inter-reflections in signaling imminent contact in a manipulation task.
Influencing Factors for Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Support of Aviation Accident and Emergency Response (2015)

"The purpose of this research paper was to examine the influencing factors associated with the use of unmanned aerial system (UAS) technology to support aviation accident and emergency response. The ability of first responders to react to an emergency is dependent on the quality, accuracy, timeliness, and usability of information. With aviation accidents such as the Asiana Airlines Flight 214 crash at San Francisco International Airport, the ability to sense and communicate the location of victims may reduce the potential for accidental passenger death. Furthermore, the ability to obtain information en-route to an accident may also to assist to reduce overall response and coordination time of first responders (e.g., Aviation Rescue and Firefighting [ARFF]). By identifying and examining current and potential practices, capabilities, and technology (e.g., human-machine-interface [HMI], human factors, tools, and capability modifiers) a more comprehensive model of the influencing factors is established to further support the growing body of knowledge (i.e., safety, human computer interaction, human-robot systems, socio-economical systems, service and public sector systems, and technological forecasting). A series of recommendations regarding the technology and application are provided to support future development or adaptation of regulations, policies, or future research."--from the article.
Papillomavirus E6 and E7 proteins and their cellular targets (2007)

The mucosal human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect human genital and oral epithelial cells and cause lesions ranging in severity from benign to malignant. HPV associated malignancies include cervical and other anogenital cancers as well as a subpopulation of head and neck cancers. Viral infection of epidermal stem or transit amplifying cells can result in long term viral persistence, and the development of carcinogenesis over a significant amount of time then requires additional cooperating genetic hits. Only the so-called high risk HPV types mediate human carcinogenesis, whereas the low risk HPVs have been linked to benign epithelial lesions that are not generally life threatening, but nonetheless are a major health burden. Expression of the high risk HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes is sufficient for primary human keratinocyte immortalization and is required for initiation and all subsequent stages of carcinogenic progression. Together with the finding that high levels of E6/E7 are a unifying hallmark of HPV positive cancers, these two genes are presumed to be the relevant virus-derived transformation stimuli in humans. E6 and E7 proteins do not possess intrinsic enzymatic activities, but instead function though a number of direct and indirect interactions with cellular proteins, a number of which are well known cellular tumor suppressors. We will summarize here current insights into E6 and E7 interactions with specific cellular targets that stimulate aspects of the viral life cycle, interfere with cell cycle controls and promote carcinogenic processes.
Effect of a novel 5‐HT<sub>3</sub> receptor agonist MKC‐733 on upper gastrointestinal motility in humans (2003)

MKC-733 delays liquid gastric emptying in association with relaxation of the proximal stomach, stimulates fasting antroduodenal migrating motor complex activity and accelerates small intestinal transit.
Cultural Estimation of Yeasts on Seaweeds (1971)

Five per cent suspensions of freshly harvested seaweeds were used as an inoculum to develop a selective medium for epiphytic yeasts. Conditions for satisfactory yeast growth and visualization as red colonies on membrane filters were obtained by supplementing a basal glucose-Trypticase-yeast extract-agar at pH 7.0 with 100 mg each of chloramphenicol and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride per liter. Maximal counts were obtained by triturating the algae in prechilled (4 C) seawater with a blender for 2 to 5 min. Inhibitory phenolic materials released from phaeophytes during this process were removed with a modified Cholodny filtration. A preliminary survey indicated that yeasts were epiphytic on all nine species of seaweeds and that maximal populations occurred on the chlorophytes and rhodophytes especially during the periods of warmer water.
Rapid Differentiation Between <i>Nocardia</i> and <i>Streptomyces</i> by Paper Chromatography of Whole-Cell Hydrolysates (1964)

Whole-cell hydrolysates were prepared from 58 strains of nocardiae and streptomycetes. Strains morphologically intermediate between the two genera and morphological variants of the same strains were included. Paper chromatograms made from the whole-cell hydrolysates clearly demonstrated meso-diaminopimelic acid as a major constituent of cultures of Nocardia spp., and LL-diaminopimelic acid as a major constituent of cultures of Streptomyces spp. In cultures of ten strains of N. madurae and of three of N. pelletieri, meso-diaminopimelic acid predominated, thereby supporting the assignment of these species to the genus Nocardia.
Interleukin 4 counteracts the interleukin 2-induced proliferation of monoclonal B cells. (1988)

B cells from patients suffering from B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) are susceptible to the effects of several interleukins. Using the cells from 12 different patients we show that IL-4 does not synergize with anti-mu antibody for the enhancement of DNA synthesis. Moreover IL-4 profoundly (90%) suppresses the response to IL-2 in the 10 patient responders to this interleukin. This suppression occurs whether IL-2 is used alone, in costimulation with anti-mu antibody, or in synergy with IFN-gamma. In no instance did IL-4 induce terminal differentiation. This negative effect of IL-4 can take place in monoclonal B-CLL cells where IL-4 enhances the expression of CD23. IL-4 does not interfere with the upregulation of CD25 by IL-2. Thus, IL-4 may display inhibitory effects on the proliferative response of selected B cell populations. The antagonism between IL-4 and IL-2 has important implications for the potential use of cytokines in the management of B-CLL patients.
Polysilicon Super-Thin-Film Transistor (SFT) (1984)

N-channel MOS FET's have been fabricated in super-thin polysilicon film on quartz substrate. The thickness of the film had an important role in improving the electrical properties. Moreover, grain boundary passivation by the hydrogen from a plasma-SiN film has been developed to increase the field effect mobility. The field effect mobility is more than 20 cm 2 /V·s at the polysilicon thickness of 150–200 Å; and threshold voltage and leakage current are reduced to 6 V and 10 -13 A/µm, respectively. The device obtained in this work can be used not only for flat panel matrix displays but also for other applications.
Development and Application of a Quantitative Fluorescence-Based Immunochromatographic Assay for Fumonisin B<sub>1</sub> in Maize (2014)

A fluorescence-based immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for fumonisin B1 (FB1) that employs conjugates of fluorescent microspheres and monoclonal antibodies (FM-mAbs) as detection reporters is described. The ICA is based on the competitive reaction between FB1-bovine serum albumin (BSA; test line) and the target FB1 for binding to the FM-mAb conjugates. A limit of detection (LOD) for FB1 of 0.12 ng/mL was obtained, with an analytical working range of 0.25-2.0 ng/mL (corresponding to 250-2000 μg/kg in maize flour samples, according to the extraction procedure). The recoveries of the ICA to detect FB1 in maize samples ranged from 91.4 to 118.2%. A quantitative comparison of the fluorescence-based ICA and HPLC-MS/MS analysis of naturally contaminated maize samples indicated good agreement between the two methods (r(2) = 0.93). By replacing the target of interest, the FM-based ICA can easily be extended to other chemical contaminants and thus represents a versatile strategy for food safety analysis.
Greenhouse Environment Monitoring and Automatic Control System Based on Dew Condensation Prevention (2010)

Dew condensation on the leaf surface of greenhouse crops causes diseases by fungus, and thus badly affecting the growth of the crops. In this paper, we present a WSN based automatic control system to prevent dew condensation in the greenhouse environments. The system is composed of sensor nodes for collecting data, base nodes for processing collected data, relay nodes for adjusting the environment inside a greenhouse and an environment server for storage and processing of collected data. Using the Barenbrug formula for calculating the dew point on the leaves, this system is realized to prevent a dew condensation phenomenon on the crop's surface acting as an important element in diseases generation. We also constructed a test bed the usual greenhouse in order to verify the performance of our system with regard to dew condensation control.
Dispersion electron spin resonance with the loop-gap resonator (1982)

The loop-gap resonator, a novel microwave lumped-circuit structure, when used as a sample resonator in electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy, permits the direct detection of dispersion signals with greatly decreased demodulation of the FM noise that originates in the microwave oscillator. The improvement arises from two factors: 65 times higher energy density for a given input power and 12 times lower resonator Q compared with a typical cavity resonator. The signal-to-noise ratio for the dispersion signal of DPPH is predicted to be improved by a factor of 12×65=780; experimentally a factor of 700 was realized.