gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Freely decaying, homogeneous turbulence generated by multi-scale grids (2011)

We investigate wind-tunnel turbulence generated by both conventional and multi-scale grids. Measurements were made in a tunnel which has a large test section, so that possible side wall effects are very small and the length ensures that the turbulence has time to settle down to a homogeneous shear-free state. The conventional and multi-scale grids were all designed to produce turbulence with the same integral scale, so that a direct comparison could be made between the different flows. Our primary finding is that the behaviour of the turbulence behind our multi-scale grids is virtually identical to that behind the equivalent conventional grid. In particular, all flows exhibit a power-law decay of energy, u 2 ~ t − n , where n is very close to the classical Saffman exponent of n = 6/5. Moreover, all spectra exhibit classical Kolmogorov scaling, with the spectra collapsing on the integral scales at small k , and on the Kolmogorov microscales at large k . Our results are at odds with some other experiments performed on similar multi-scale grids, where significantly higher energy decay exponents and turbulence levels have been reported.
Validation of a wave based technique for the analysis of a multi-domain 3D acoustic cavity with interior damping and loudspeaker excitation (2004)

status: Published
Presbyopia Treatment by Monocular Peripheral PresbyLASIK (2009)

Monocular peripheral presbyLASIK is a valuable option for presbyopic patients considering refractive surgery.
Circular bist testing the digital logic within a high speed serdes (2004)

High Speed Serializer Deserializers (serdes) are traditionally tested using functional BIST. This paper presents an improved BlST for testing the digital part of a serdes using circular BET.
Reaction of Gaseous Nitric Oxide with Nitric Acid on Silica Surfaces in the Presence of Water at Room Temperature (2001)

The reaction of gaseous NO with HNO3 on borosilicate glass in the presence of water was studied as a function of surface water coverage at 298 K and a total pressure of one atm in N2. The loss of gaseous NO and the formation of NO2 were measured in a long path cell using FTIR. The glass walls of the cell provided the surface upon which the chemistry occurred. Water coverages on thin glass cover disks were determined in a separate apparatus by measuring the intensity of the infrared band of liquid water at 3400 cm-1. Approximately one monolayer was present on the surface at 20% RH and 12 monolayers at 100% RH. The rate of the reaction of NO with HNO3 on the surface was the largest under conditions where approximately three surface monolayers of water were present on the surface. We propose a model for this reaction in which HNO3, added first to the dry cell, hydrogen-bonds to the silanol groups on the surface. The first step in the reaction is believed to be HNO3(surface) + NO(g) → HONO(surface) + NO2(g). Subsequently, HONO on the surface reacts with HNO3 to generate solvated N2O4 as a product. Dissociation of N2O4 generates NO2 as the final gas phase product. This chemistry is potentially important in "renoxification" of the boundary layer of polluted urban atmospheres where silica surfaces are plentiful in particles, soils and building materials, as well as globally in the free troposphere where dust particles are present.
16-QAM and trellis-coded 16-QAM on nonlinear channels (1985)

The use of 16-QAM on bandlimited nonlinear satellite channels, in uncoded and trellis-coded form, for bandwidth efficient modulation (ideally 4 bps/Hz) is discussed. To avoid severe degradation due to AM/AM and AM/PM distortion, or to avoid the need for large back-off, predistorting the 16-QAM constellation at the modulator is considered. Performance for varying back-off settings for uncoded and coded 16-QAM is simulated, and it is found that the four-state trellis code has a coding gain of about 8 dB, larger than expected based on linear channel analysis, while the 16-state code gains only marginally beyond this.
Semiconductor-bonded III&#x2013;V multijunction space solar cells (2009)

Boeing-Spectrolab recently demonstrated monolithic 5-junction space solar cells using direct semiconductor-bonding technique. The direct-bonded 5-junction cells consist of (Al)GaInP, AlGa(In)As, Ga(In)As, GaInPAs, and GaIn(P)As subcells deposited on GaAs or Ge and InP substrates. Large-area, high-mechanical strength, and low-electrical resistance direct-bonded interface was achieved to support the high-efficiency solar cell structure. Preliminary 1-sun AM0 testing of the 5-junction cells showed encouraging results. One of the direct-bonded solar cell achieved an open-circuit-voltage of 4.7 V, a short-circuit current-density of 11.7 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , a fill factor of 0.79, and an efficiency of 31.7%. Spectral response measurement of the five-junction cell revealed excellent external quantum efficiency performance for each subcell and across the direct-bonded interface. Improvements in crystal growth and current density allocation among subcells can further raise the 1-sun, AM0 conversion efficiency of the direct-bonded 5-junction cell to 35 - 40%.
Specific imaging of VEGF‐A expression with radiolabeled anti‐VEGF monoclonal antibody (2008)

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is one of the most important angiogenic factors. Here, we studied in a nude mouse model whether the expression of VEGF-A in a tumor could be imaged with a radiolabeled anti-VEGF antibody. The humanized anti-VEGF-A antibody A.4.6.1. (bevacizumab), which is reactive with all VEGF-A isoforms, was radiolabeled with In-111 or with I-125. The accumulation of the radiolabeled antibodies in VEGF-A expressing tumors (LS174T) in nude mice was examined in biodistribution studies and by gamma camera imaging. The uptake of the In-111-bevacizumab in the tumor at 3 days p.i. was significantly higher than that of I-125-bevacizumab (19.4 +/- 7.0 %ID/g vs. 9.6 +/- 3.3 %ID/g, p = 0.04). Coinjection of an excess unlabeled antibody resulted in a significant decrease in radioactivity concentration in the tumor (<2.9 +/- 1.9 %ID/g, p < 0.005), indicating VEGF-mediated antibody uptake. Highest uptake in the tumor was observed at relatively low antibody protein doses (<3 microg) (20-25 %ID/g). VEGF-A-expressing tumors could be clearly visualized on planar scintigraphic images from 24-hr post injection onwards. In conclusion, VEGF-A expression in tumors can be visualized specifically with radiolabeled anti-VEGF-A-mAb.
Potential for use of creatine supplementation following mild traumatic brain injury (2017)

There is significant overlap between the neuropathology of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and the cellular role of creatine, as well as evidence of neural creatine alterations after mTBI. Creatine supplementation has not been researched in mTBI, but shows some potential as a neuroprotective when administered prior to or after TBI. Consistent with creatine's cellular role, supplementation reduced neuronal damage, protected against the effects of cellular energy crisis and improved cognitive and somatic symptoms. A variety of factors influencing the efficacy of creatine supplementation are highlighted, as well as avenues for future research into the potential of supplementation as an intervention for mTBI. In particular, the slow neural uptake of creatine may mean that greater effects are achieved by pre-emptive supplementation in at-risk groups.
Handover Parameter Optimization in LTE Self-Organizing Networks (2010)

This paper presents a self-optimizing algorithm that tunes the handover (HO) parameters of a LTE (Long-Term Evolution) base station in order to improve the overall network performance and diminish negative effects (call dropping , HO failures). The proposed algorithm picks the best hysteresis and time-to-trigger combination for the current network status. We examined the effects of this self-optimizing algorithm in a realistic scenario setting and the results show an improvement from the static value settings.
Application of Satellite-Derived Atmospheric Motion Vectors for Estimating Mesoscale Flows (2005)

Abstract This study demonstrates methods to obtain high-density, satellite-derived atmospheric motion vectors (AMV) that contain both synoptic-scale and mesoscale flow components associated with and induced by cumuliform clouds through adjustments made to the University of Wisconsin—Madison Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (UW-CIMSS) AMV processing algorithm. Operational AMV processing is geared toward the identification of synoptic-scale motions in geostrophic balance, which are useful in data assimilation applications. AMVs identified in the vicinity of deep convection are often rejected by quality-control checks used in the production of operational AMV datasets. Few users of these data have considered the use of AMVs with ageostrophic flow components, which often fail checks that assure both spatial coherence between neighboring AMVs and a strong correlation to an NWP-model first-guess wind field. The UW-CIMSS algorithm identifies coherent cloud and water vapor features (i.e., targets) that can be tracked within a sequence of geostationary visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) imagery. AMVs are derived through the combined use of satellite feature tracking and an NWP-model first guess. Reducing the impact of the NWP-model first guess on the final AMV field, in addition to adjusting the target selection and vector-editing schemes, is found to result in greater than a 20-fold increase in the number of AMVs obtained from the UW-CIMSS algorithm for one convective storm case examined here. Over a three-image sequence of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-12 VIS and IR data, 3516 AMVs are obtained, most of which contain flow components that deviate considerably from geostrophy. In comparison, 152 AMVs are derived when a tighter NWP-model constraint and no targeting adjustments were imposed, similar to settings used with operational AMV production algorithms. A detailed analysis reveals that many of these 3516 vectors contain low-level (100–70 kPa) convergent and midlevel (70–40 kPa) to upper-level (40–10 kPa) divergent motion components consistent with localized mesoscale flow patterns. The applicability of AMVs for estimating cloud-top cooling rates at the 1-km pixel scale is demonstrated with excellent correspondence to rates identified by a human expert.
Age-dependent changes in myocardial matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase profiles and fibroblast function (2004)

This study, for the first time, identified specific differences in cellular and extracellular processes that likely contribute to age-dependent ECM remodeling.
Pothole detection and tracking in car video sequence (2016)

In this paper, we propose a low complexity method for detection and tracking of potholes in video sequences taken by a camera placed inside a moving car. The region of interest for the detection of the potholes is selected as the image area where the road is observed with the highest resolution. A threshold-based algorithm generates a set of candidate regions. For each region the following features are extracted: its size, the regularity of the intensity surface, contrast with respect to background model, and the region's contour length and shape. The candidate regions are labeled as putative potholes by a decision tree according to these features, eliminating the false positives due to shadows of wayside objects. The putative potholes that are successfully tracked in consecutive frames are finally declared potholes. Experimental results with real video sequences show a good detection precision.
Binge eating disorder: A multisite field trial of the diagnostic criteria (1992)

Diagnostic criteria have been developed for a new eating disorder, binge eating disorder (BED), to describe the many individuals who have problems with recurrent binge eating but do not engage in the characteristic compensatory behaviors of bulimia nervosa, vomiting, or use of laxatives. The results of a multisite field trial involving 1,984 subjects indicate that the disorder is common (30.1%) among subjects attending hospital-affiliated weight control programs, but is relatively rare in the community (2.0%). The disorder is more common in females than in males and is associated with severity of obesity and a history of marked weight fluctuations. Based on these results, the DSM-IV Work Group on Eating Disorders has recommended that the disorder be considered for inclusion in DSM-IV, either as an official category or in an appendix of categories requiring further study.
SegNet: A Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Robust Semantic Pixel-Wise Labelling (2015)

We propose a novel deep architecture, SegNet, for semantic pixel wise image labelling. SegNet has several attractive properties; (i) it only requires forward evaluation of a fully learnt function to obtain smooth label predictions, (ii) with increasing depth, a larger context is considered for pixel labelling which improves accuracy, and (iii) it is easy to visualise the effect of feature activation(s) in the pixel label space at any depth. SegNet is composed of a stack of encoders followed by a corresponding decoder stack which feeds into a soft-max classification layer. The decoders help map low resolution feature maps at the output of the encoder stack to full input image size feature maps. This addresses an important drawback of recent deep learning approaches which have adopted networks designed for object categorization for pixel wise labelling. These methods lack a mechanism to map deep layer feature maps to input dimensions. They resort to ad hoc methods to upsample features, e.g. by replication. This results in noisy predictions and also restricts the number of pooling layers in order to avoid too much upsampling and thus reduces spatial context. SegNet overcomes these problems by learning to map encoder outputs to image pixel labels. We test the performance of SegNet on outdoor RGB scenes from CamVid, KITTI and indoor scenes from the NYU dataset. Our results show that SegNet achieves state-of-the-art performance even without use of additional cues such as depth, video frames or post-processing with CRF models.
β-Diketiminato Rare-Earth Metal Complexes. Structures, Catalysis, and Active Species for Highly <i>cis</i>-1,4-Selective Polymerization of Isoprene (2010)

Lithiation of the β-diketimines (2,6-C6H3R2)NH═C(Me)CH═C(Me)N(2,6-C6H3R2) (R = Me (HL1), Et (HL2)) by nBuLi was followed by metathesis reaction with LnCl3(THF)x and Y(BH4)3(THF)2 to afford the corresponding complexes L1LnCl2(THF)2 (Ln = Gd (1), Nd (3), Dy (4), Er (5), Y (6)), L2GdCl2(THF)2 (2), and L1Y(BH4)2(THF) (8), respectively. Treatment of neutral HL1 with Y(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2 generated the bis(alkyl) complex 7, L1Y(CH2SiMe3)2(THF). Upon activation with [PhNHMe2][B(C6F5)4] and AliBu3, complex 6 showed the highest cis-1,4 selectivity (99.3%, Tp = 0 °C) toward the polymerization of isoprene, while complex 7 had a comparatively low cis-1,4 selectivity, and in contrast, complex 8 was completely inert. The influences of the ortho substituents of the N-aryl rings of the ligands, the types of central metals and cocatalysts, and addition sequence of the catalyst components had been thoroughly investigated. By means of X-ray diffraction and 1H NMR spectroscopy analyses, the intermediates arising from the stoichiometric reactions among the catalyst components and the probable active species were elucidated, which facilitates further investigation of the mechanism for diene polymerization.
High harmonic generation in relativistic laser–plasma interaction (2002)

High harmonics generated due to the scattering of relativistic electrons from high intensity laser light is studied. The experiments are carried out with an Nd:Glass laser system with a peak intensity of 2×1018 W cm−2 in underdense plasma. It is shown that, at high intensities, when the normalized electric field approaches unity, in addition to the conventional atomic harmonics from bound electrons there is significant contribution to the harmonic spectrum from free electrons. The characteristic signatures of this are found to be the emission of even order harmonics, linear dependence on the electron density, significant amount of harmonics even with circular polarization and a much smaller spatial region over which these harmonics are produced as compared to the atomic case. Imaging of the harmonic beam shows that it is emitted in a narrow cone with a divergence of 2 to 3 degrees.
Design of antireflection composite coating based on metal nanoparticles (2011)

A design of ultrathin composite layer with metal nanoparticles on a dielectric surface is proposed for interference reduction of Fresnel reflection. The structural and material parameters of the antireflection composite are calculated within the Maxwell-Garnett effective-medium approximation. The results of the approximate analytical calculation are in good agreement with the exact numerical solution to the Maxwell equations.
Controlling percolation in field-structured particle composites:  Observations of giant thermoresistance, piezoresistance, and chemiresistance (2003)

Composites of conductive particles in an insulating phase are conductive if the particle volume fraction exceeds the percolation threshold. Composites prepared slightly above the percolation threshold have a conductivity that is sensitive to small volume changes, and thus have potential as temperature, pressure, or chemical sensors. In practice it is difficult to prepare composites close to the percolation threshold, and the critical current-carrying path gives a rather low sample conductivity. We find that magnetic-field-structured composites, consisting of gold-coated magnetic particle chains in a polymeric resin, can be reproducibly brought to the percolation threshold, regardless of particle concentration. The low-dimensionality conducting chains form a dense population of critical current paths with extreme sensitivity to composite volume changes. These field-structured composites thus exhibit giant thermoresistance, piezoresistance, and chemiresistance, and should be useful as sensor materials.
New Allele at the <i>Fan</i> Locus in the Soybean Line A5 (1991)

The soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] line A5 has a low content of linolenic acid in the seed oil. Our objective was to determine if alleles at the Fan locus were influencing this trait in A5. To reduce environmental influences, the study was conducted indoors. Crosses were made between A5 and the low linolenic acid lines C1640 ( fan/fan ) and N78‐2245 ( Fan/Fan ). The F 2 progeny of A5 ✕ N78‐2245, N78‐2245 ✕ A5, and N78‐2245 ✕ C1640 segregated in bimodal patterns for linolenic acid content, each consistent with a 3:1 ratio. The F 2 patterns were confirmed by assays of F 3 progeny. There was no segregation for linolenic acid content in the F 2 progeny of A5 ✕ C1640. These observations indicated that A5 ✕ N78‐2245, and N78‐2245 ✕ A5 segregated for alleles at the Fan locus. The pattern of low linolenic acid content showed that the Fan and Idh2 loci were linked at distances of 25.2 ± 3.5 units for A5 ✕ N78‐2245, 24.3 ± 3.4 for N78‐2245 ✕ AS, and 24.7 ± 3.5 for N78‐2245 ✕ C1640. These results were all consistent with an allele at the Fan locus being the primary factor responsible for the low linolenic acid content in A5. The allele in A5 has been designated fan (AS). The fan (AS) allele appeared to be in two F 4 lines from A5 ✕ N78‐2245 that were characterized by a mean linolenic acid content <25 g kg −1 when grown under 16 h daylength at 28/22°C day/night. The complete genetic basis of this phenotype is receiving further study.
Theiler's Virus-specified Polypeptides Made in BHK-21 Cells (1984)

This study was initiated to determine whether the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEV) use the same strategy of gene expression as other picornaviruses. The precursor-product relationships apparent from pulse-chase experiments indicated that the virus-specified polypeptides of the GDVII strain are generated by post-translational cleavages. Pactamycin mapping experiments also showed a gene order for GDVII virus similar to that derived for other picornaviruses by this technique. Finally, six other TMEV induced species of polypeptides similar to those of GDVII virus, but there were minor differences in some of their electrophoretic mobilities.
Some Pungent Principles of Spices Cause the Adrenal Medulla to Secrete Catecholamine in Anesthetized Rats (1988)

We recently reported that capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, evokes catecholamine secretion from the rat adrenal medulla. In this study, the effects of some pungent principles of spices on adrenal catecholamine secretion were investigated as compared with that of capsaicin. An increase in catecholamine, especially epinephrine, secretion was observed not only on capsaicin infusion but also on piperine (a pungent principle of pepper) and zingerone (ginger) infusion. Even on infusion of the same amount (650 nmol/kg, i.v.), the order of potency as to catecholamine secretion was capsaicin much greater than piperine greater than or equal to zingerone. While, sulfur-containing and volatile pungent principles, allylisothiocyanate (mustard, etc.) and diallyldisulfide (garlic, etc.), did not even cause slight catecholamine secretion. Furthermore, these adrenergic secretagogues were readily transported via the gut into the body. These results indicate that some pungent principles of dietary spices can induce a warming action via adrenal catecholamine secretion.
Robust pitch detection in a noisy telephone environment (2005)

While many readily available pitch tracking algorithms are capable of accurately tracking pitch on studio quality speech data, robust performance in real operational environments is still an elusive goal. In this paper, three pitch detection algorithms are evaluated over a database consisting of speech data collected over a wide range of telephone lines including long distance exchanges. The speech material contained in the database consists of excerpts from typical telephone conversations, collected at the receiving end of a two party exchange. Subjective and objective evaluations were conducted on three pitch tracking algorithms: an improved version of the Integrated Correlation[1,2] pitch tracker, the Gold-Rabiner [3,4] parallel processing algorithm, and the NSA LPC-10 DYPTRACK Version 43 [5-8] algorithm. A comparative analysis of these algorithms indicates that the integrated correlation pitch tracker provides significantly better performance, mainly due to its ability to make accurate voicing decisions in noisy environments. In addition, intelligibility tests demonstrate that synthetic speech intelligibility is correlated with the degree of accuracy of pitch estimation. This result reinforces our belief that accurate pitch tracking is crucial to the operational acceptance of the speech quality produced by the LPC pitch-excited vocoder.
Valacyclovir and topical clobetasol gel for the episodic treatment of herpes labialis: a patient‐initiated, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot trial (2009)

This pilot study supports the addition of topical corticosteroids to an oral antiviral agent for the treatment of HSL. Larger studies need to confirm the safety and efficacy of this approach.