gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constructing an Efficient Self-Tuning Aircraft Engine Model for Control and Health Management Applications (2012)

   Self-tuning aircraft engine models can be applied for control and health management applications. The self-tuning feature of these models minimizes the mismatch between any given engine and the underlying engineering model describing an engine family. This paper provides details of the construction of a self-tuning engine model centered on a piecewise linear Kalman filter design. Starting from a nonlinear transient aerothermal model, a piecewise linear representation is first extracted. The linearization procedure creates a database of trim vectors and state-space matrices that are subsequently scheduled for interpolation based on engine operating point. A series of steady-state Kalman gains can next be constructed from a reduced-order form of the piecewise linear model. Reduction of the piecewise linear model to an observable dimension with respect to available sensed engine measurements can be achieved using either a subset or an optimal linear combination of “health” parameters, which describe engine performance. The resulting piecewise linear Kalman filter is then implemented for faster-than-real-time processing of sensed engine measurements, generating outputs appropriate for trending engine performance, estimating both measured and unmeasured parameters for control purposes, and performing on-board gas-path fault diagnostics. Computational efficiency is achieved by designing multidimensional interpolation algorithms that exploit the shared scheduling of multiple trim vectors and system matrices. An example application illustrates the accuracy of a self-tuning piecewise linear Kalman filter model when applied to a nonlinear turbofan engine simulation. Additional discussions focus on the issue of transient response accuracy and the advantages of a piecewise linear Kalman filter in the context of validation and verification. The techniques described provide a framework for constructing efficient self-tuning aircraft engine models from complex nonlinear simulations.
The Phosphotyrosine Interactome of the Insulin Receptor Family and Its Substrates IRS-1 and IRS-2 (2008)

The insulin signaling pathway is critical in regulating glucose levels and is associated with diabetes, obesity, and longevity. A tyrosine phosphorylation cascade creates docking sites for protein interactions, initiating subsequent propagation of the signal throughout the cell. The phosphotyrosine interactome of this medically important pathway has not yet been studied comprehensively. We therefore applied quantitative interaction proteomics to exhaustively profile all potential phosphotyrosine-dependent interaction sites in its key players. We targeted and compared insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS-1 and IRS-2) as central distributors of the insulin signal, the insulin receptor, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, and the insulin receptor-related receptor. Using the stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) approach with phosphorylated versus non-phosphorylated bait peptides, we found phosphorylation-specific interaction partners for 52 out of 109 investigated sites. In addition, doubly and triply phosphorylated motifs provided insight into the combinatorial effects of phosphorylation events in close proximity to each other. Our results retrieve known interactions and substantially broaden the spectrum of potential interaction partners of IRS-1 and IRS-2. A large number of common interactors rationalize their extensive functional redundancy. However, several proteins involved in signaling and metabolism interact differentially with IRS-1 and IRS-2 and thus provide leads into their different physiological roles. Differences in interactions at the receptor level are reflected in multisite recruitment of SHP2 by the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and limited but exclusive interactions with the IRR. In common with other recent reports, our data furthermore hint at non-SH2 or phosphotyrosine-binding domain-mediated phosphotyrosine binding.
An efficient algorithm to search for minimal closed covers in sequential machines (1993)

The removal of redundant states in a finite state machine (FSM) is essential to reducing the complexity of a sequential circuit. An efficient algorithm for state minimization in incompletely specified state machines is presented. This algorithm employs a tight lower bound and a fail-first heuristic and generates a relatively small search space from the prime compatibles. It utilizes efficient pruning rules to further reduce the search space and finds a minimal closed cover. The technique guarantees the elimination of all the redundant states in a very short execution time. Experimental results with a large number of FSMs including the MCNC FSM benchmarks are presented. The results are compared with other work in this area.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low Resistance Ti/Pt/Au Ohmic Contacts to GaAs / Al x Ga1 − x As Heterostructures Using Open‐Tube Zn Diffusion (1989)

Ti/Pt/Au ohmic contacts to p‐type heterostructures have been studied as a function of surface dopant concentrations between and . The specific contact resistivities as determined from contact resistance measurements employing the transmission line method (TLM) on as‐grown molecular beam epitaxially grown structures were at or above . Three different conventional TLM metallization patterns were employed in the measurements as well as circular geometry TLM patterns. Open‐tube Zn diffusion was employed to increase the surface dopant concentration to and produced specific contact resistivities as low as . These values are found to be unchanged after 8000h and remain unaffected by 400°C 2 min duration anneals.
Antimicrobial Activity of Several Antibiotics and a Sulfonamide Against <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Organisms in Cell Culture (1977)

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of several antibiotics and a sulfonamide for growth of the 15 known immunotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis were determined in HeLa 229 cell cultures. The concentrations for complete inhibition of infectious-organism production were (per milliliter): tetracycline, 0.02 to 0.5 mug; rosamicin, 0.05 to 0.25 mug; erythromycin, 0.1 to 0.5 mug; chloramphenicol, 10 mug; penicillin, 0.02 to 50 U; ampicillin, 0.1 to 50 mug; and sulfisoxazole, 2 to 200 mug. The same concentrations of tetracycline, rosamicin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol were sufficient to inhibit C. trachomatis inclusion formation. An increased concentration of sulfisoxazole was often needed to inhibit inclusion formation. Penicillin at 100 U/ml and ampicillin at 100 mug/ml failed to completely inhibit inclusion formation.
A multi-signer convertible limited multi-verifier signature scheme in the standard model (2014)

In a multi-signer convertible limited multi-verifier signature (MSCLMVS) scheme, a set of multi signers (co-signers) cooperatively creates a signature that can only be verified by limited verifiers. In this scheme, the conflicts between the authenticity and the privacy of the co-signers can be solved by controlling the verifiability. Moreover, the limited verifiers can designate the signature to a trusted third party such as a judge to convince him about the validity of the signature. Furthermore, both the co-signers and the limited verifiers can convert the signature to a traditional publicly verifiable signature if necessary. In this paper we present a multi-signer convertible limited multi-verifier signature scheme based on Waters' signature which is constructed by bilinear pairings. The proposed scheme is proved to be secure in the standard model by the assumption of the hardness of the Weak Gap Bilinear Diffie-Hellman problem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-signer convertible limited multi-verifier signature scheme with provable security without random oracles.
A Tutorial on Formulating and Using QUBO Models (2018)

The Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) model has gained prominence in recent years with the discovery that it unifies a rich variety of combinatorial optimization problems. By its association with the Ising problem in physics, the QUBO model has emerged as an underpinning of the quantum computing area known as quantum annealing and has become a subject of study in neuromorphic computing. Through these connections, QUBO models lie at the heart of experimentation carried out with quantum computers developed by D-Wave Systems and neuromorphic computers developed by IBM. Computational experience is being amassed by both the classical and the quantum computing communities that highlights not only the potential of the QUBO model but also its effectiveness as an alternative to traditional modeling and solution methodologies. This tutorial discloses the basic features of the QUBO model that give it the power and flexibility to encompass the range of applications that have thrust it onto center stage of the optimization field. We show how many different types of constraining relationships arising in practice can be embodied within the "unconstrained" QUBO formulation in a very natural manner using penalty functions, yielding exact model representations in contrast to the approximate representations produced by customary uses of penalty functions. Each step of generating such models is illustrated in detail by simple numerical examples, to highlight the convenience of using QUBO models in numerous settings. We also describe recent innovations for solving QUBO models that offer a fertile avenue for integrating classical and quantum computing and for applying these models in machine learning.
[Quick determination of 39 hormones residues in infant formula by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. (2010)

A quick confirmative method was developed for determining the residues of 17 glucocorticoids, 11 progesterones, 3 androgens and 8 estrogens in infant formula by liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The sample was extracted with acetonitrile at first. Then the lipid substances were removed by centrifugation under freezing condition and liquid-liquid extraction with hexane of the extract. The purification was carried out on hydrophilic-lipophilic solid-phase extraction columns and methanol was used as the eluted solvent. The detection of 39 analytes was carried out in the positive or negative multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, separately. Acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid was used as the mobile phase and an ordinary silica gel C18 column was selected to separate the analytes in the positive mode. Acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous ammonia as mobile phase and the separation was carried out on an ultra-performance C18 column with a wide pH range in the negative mode. The limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N > or = 10) were 0.02-5 microg/kg. The overall recoveries varied from 59.5% to 117.9%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were between 6.4% and 16.3%. The real sample tests showed that the simple and accurate method can be used for determining the residues of multi-endogenous and chemically synthesized hormones in milk powders.
‘Liquid biopsy’ for cancer promises earlydetection (2018)

Combining DNA and protein markers brings researchers closer to a universal cancer screening test.
Addressing the metabolic activation potential of new leads in drug discovery: a case study using ion trap mass spectrometry and tritium labeling techniques (2003)

Metabolic activation of drug candidates to electrophilic reactive metabolites that can covalently modify cellular macromolecules may result in acute and/or idiosyncratic immune system-mediated toxicities in humans. This presents a significant potential liability for the future development of these compounds as safe therapeutic agents. We present here an example of an approach where sites of metabolic activation within a new drug candidate series were rapidly identified using online liquid chromatography/multi-stage mass spectrometry on an ion trap mass spectrometer. This was accomplished by trapping the reactive intermediates formed upon incubation of compounds with rat and human liver microsomes as their corresponding glutathione conjugates and mass spectral characterization of these thiol adducts. Based on the structures of the GSH adducts identified, potential sites and mechanisms of bioactivation within the chemical structure were proposed. These metabolism studies were interfaced with iterative structural modifications of the chemical series in order to block these bioactivation sites within the molecule. This strategy led to a significant reduction in the propensity of the compounds to undergo metabolic activation as evidenced by reductions in the irreversible binding of radioactivity to liver microsomal material upon incubation of tritium-labeled compounds with this in vitro system. With the efficiency and throughput achievable with such an approach, it appears feasible to identify and address the metabolic activation potential of new drug leads during routine metabolite identification studies in an early drug discovery setting.
Complications of teflon injection for stress urinary incontinence (1993)

Four significant complications of Teflon injections for stress urinary incontinence are reported in 22 women and eight men. Three of the complications included periurethral abscess, urethral diverticulum, and periurethral Teflon granuloma with urethral wall prolapse occurred in women. These complications needed surgical excision and further surgery for stress incontinence, in two patients the outcome was good. Among the female patients the cure rate for stress incontinence with Teflon injection was only 18% in the 5-year follow-up. One other complication, a Teflon cyst, occurred in a male who had previously undergone radical retropubic prostatectomy. Only two of the eight men (25%) who received Teflon injections had maintained improvement after 1 year.
Valence-band photoemission from a quantum-dot system (1991)

We report the first application of valence-band photoemission to a quantum-dot system. Photoemission spectra of cadmium sulfide quantum dots, ranging in size from 12 to 35 \AA{} radius, were obtained using photon energies of 20 to 70 eV. The spectra are qualitatively similar to those obtained for bulk cadmium sulfide, but show a shift in the valence-band maximum with size.
Engineering and analysis of fixed priority schedulers (1993)

Scheduling theory holds great promise as a means to a priori validate timing correctness of real-time applications. However, there currently exists a wide gap between scheduling theory and its implementation in operating system kernels running on specific hardware platforms. The implementation of any particular scheduling algorithm introduces overhead and blocking components which must be accounted for in the timing correctness validation process. This paper presents a methodology for incorporating the costs of scheduler implementation within the context of fixed priority scheduling algorithms. Both event-driven and timer-driven scheduling implementations are analyzed. We show that for the timer-driven scheduling implementations the selection of the timer interrupt rate can dramatically affect the schedulability of a task set, and we present a method for determining the optimal timer rate. We analyzed both randomly generated and two well-defined task sets and found that their schedulability can be significantly degraded by the implementation costs. Task sets that have ideal breakdown utilization over 90% may not even be schedulable when the implementation costs are considered. This work provides a first step toward bridging the gap between real-time scheduling theory and implementation realities. This gap must be bridged for any meaningful validation of timing correctness properties of real-time applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Current mode active pixel sensor architectures for large area digital imaging (2008)

The most widely used architecture in large area flat panel imagers is the amorphous silicon passive pixel sensor (PPS), which consists of a detector and a readout switch. While the PPS has the advantage of being compact, reading small PPS output signals requires external column charge amplifiers that produce additional noise and reduce the minimum readable sensor input signal. This work compares the SNR, metastability, area, and off-panel complexity of amorphous silicon active pixel sensor (APS) readout circuits based on three and two transistor current mode and current programmed designs that perform on-pixel amplification of noise-vulnerable sensor input signals to minimize the effect of external readout noise sources associated with ¿off-chip¿ charge amplifiers. The APS circuits presented are poised to replace PPS circuits for fast readout, noise-sensitive, large area, digital medical imaging applications such as dual mode radiography/fluoroscopy and mammography tomosynthesis.
Polyolefin elastomer grafted unsaturated hindered phenol esters: synthesis and antioxidant behavior (2016)

Monomeric antioxidants are synthesized from esterification of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with unsaturated fatty alcohols. The antioxidant activity is evaluated both in blending and radical grafting processes. The effect of chain length and phenolic group is investigated on efficiency of antioxidants. It is demonstrated that the esters of 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid exhibit significantly longer induction time. The results of radical grafting reaction shows synthesized antioxidants can be successfully grafted onto polymer chains and the phenolic moiety is functional after extraction process, while pure and commercially stabilized samples are degraded instantaneously. Also, different initiator systems are utilized to enhance the extent of grafting. Among MEK, DCP, and DHBP peroxides, DHBP can be more effective in increasing the antioxidant grafted onto polymer. In addition, possibility of rising in graft content is investigated in presence of redox initiator. Using this approach, polymer-bound antioxidant with prolonged thermal stability can be achieved.
Electrodeposited Aluminum-Doped α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Photoelectrodes: Experiment and Theory (2009)

Substitutional doping can improve the electronic properties of α-Fe2O3 for the solar photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications. Generally speaking, nonisovalent substitutional doping helps to enhance the electronic conductivity of α-Fe2O3. However, we found that the introduction of strain in the lattice, which is achieved by isovalent substitutional doping of an Al, can also improve the electronic properties. α-Fe2O3 films with the Al dopant atomic concentration varying from 0 to 10% were prepared by electrodeposition, and their performance for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production was characterized. Results indicate that the incident photon conversion efficiency (IPCE) for ∼0.45 at-% Al substitution increases by 2- to 3-fold over undoped samples. Density-functional theory (DFT) was utilized to interpret the experimental findings. It was shown that although no substantial change to the electronic structure, a contraction of the crystal lattice due to the isovalent replacement of Fe3+ by an Al3+ benefits the small polaron migration, resulting in an improvement in conductivity compared to the undoped samples.
DPPro: Differentially Private High-Dimensional Data Release via Random Projection (2017)

Releasing representative data sets without compromising the data privacy has attracted increasing attention from the database community in recent years. Differential privacy is an influential privacy framework for data mining and data release without revealing sensitive information. However, existing solutions using differential privacy cannot effectively handle the release of high-dimensional data due to the increasing perturbation errors and computation complexity. To address the deficiency of existing solutions, we propose DPPro, a differentially private algorithm for high-dimensional data release via random projection to maximize utility while guaranteeing privacy. We theoretically prove that DPPro can generate synthetic data set with the similar squared Euclidean distance between high-dimensional vectors while achieving (ϵ, δ)-differential privacy. Based on the theoretical analysis, we observed that the utility guarantees of released data depend on the projection dimension and the variance of the noise. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that DPPro substantially outperforms several state-of-the-art solutions in terms of perturbation error and privacy budget on high-dimensional data sets.
Nutraceuticals for geriatrics (2014)

Geriatrics is a medical practice that addresses the complex needs of older patients and emphasizes maintaining functional independence even in the presence of chronic disease. Treatment of geriatric patients requires a different strategy and is very complex. Geriatric medicines aim to promote health by preventing and treating diseases and disabilities in older adults. Development of effective dietary interventions for promoting healthy aging is an active but challenging area of research because aging is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease, disability, and death. Aging populations are a global phenomenon. The most widespread conditions affecting older people are hypertension, congestive heart failure, dementia, osteoporosis, breathing problems, cataract, and diabetes to name a few. Decreased immunity is also partially responsible for the increased morbidity and mortality resulting from infectious agents in the elderly. Nutritional status is one of the chief variables that explains differences in both the incidence and pathology of infection. Elderly people are at increased risk for micronutrient deficiencies due to a variety of factors including social, physical, economic, and emotional obstacles to eating. Thus there is an urgent need to shift priorities to increase our attention on ways to prevent chronic illnesses associated with aging. Individually, people must put increased efforts into establishing healthy lifestyle practices, including consuming a more healthful diet. The present review thus focuses on the phytochemicals of nutraceutical importance for the geriatric population.