gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Films of Bare Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Superacids with Tailored Electronic and Photoluminescence Properties (2012)

The use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in fabricating macroscopic devices requires addressing the challenges of nanotube individualization and organization in the desired functional architectures. Previous success in depositing bare SWCNTs from chlorosulfonic acid onto silicon oxide microporous and mesoporous nanoparticles has motivated this study of their deposition onto fused silica substrates. A facile dip-coating method is reported that produces thin homogeneous films in which the carbon nanotubes are not covered by surfactants or shortened by sonication. Photophysical, electrical, chemical, and morphological properties of these SWCNT films have been characterized. When prepared at low densities, the films exhibit near-IR photoluminescence from individualized SWCNTs, whereas when prepared at high densities the films behave as transparent conductors. Sheet resistance of 471 ohm/sq has been achieved with film transmittance of ∼ 86%.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type‐1 gene expression and induced migration in TGF‐β1‐stimulated smooth muscle cells is pp60<sup>c‐<i>src</i></sup>/MEK‐dependent (2004)

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) stimulates expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) important in the control of stromal barrier proteolysis and cell-to-matrix adhesion. Pharmacologic agents that target MEK (PD98059, U0126) or src family (PP1) kinases attenuated TGF-beta1-dependent PAI-1 transcription in R22 aortic smooth muscle cells. Pretreatment with PP1 at concentrations that inhibited TGF-beta1-dependent PAI-1 expression also blocked ERK1/2 activation/nuclear accumulation suggesting that the required src kinase activity is upstream of ERK1/2 in the TGF-beta1-initiated signaling cascade. The IC(50) of the PP1-sensitive kinase, furthermore, specifically implied involvement of pp60(c-src) in PAI-1 induction. Indeed, addition of TGF-beta1 to quiescent R22 cells resulted in a 3-fold increase in pp60(c-src) autophosphorylation and kinase activity. Transfection of a dominant-negative pp60(c-src) construct, moreover, reduced TGF-beta1-induced PAI-1 expression levels to that of unstimulated controls or PP1-pretreated cells. A >/=170 kDa protein that co-immunoprecipitated with TGF-beta1-activated pp60(c-src) was also phosphorylated transiently in response to TGF-beta1. TGF-beta1 is known to transactivate the 170 kDa EGF receptor (EGFR) by autocrine HB-EGF or TGF-alpha mechanisms suggesting involvement of EGFR activation in certain TGF-beta1-initiated responses. Incubation of quiescent R22 cells with the EGFR-specific inhibitor AG1478 prior to growth factor (EGF or TGF-beta1) addition effectively blocked EGFR activation as determined by direct visualization of receptor internalization. AG1478 suppressed (in a dose-dependent fashion) EGF-induced PAI-1 protein levels and, at a final concentration of 2.5 muM, virtually eliminated EGF-dependent PAI-1 synthesis. More importantly, AG1478 similarly repressed inducible PAI-1 levels in TGF-beta1-stimulated R22 cultures. PP1, PD98059, and U0126 also inhibited TGF-beta1-dependent cell motility at concentrations that significantly attenuated PAI-1 expression. Consistent with the AG1478-associated reductions in EGF- and TGF-beta1-stimulated PAI-1 expression, pretreatment of R22 cell cultures with AG1478 effectively suppressed growth factor-stimulated cell motility. These data indicate that two major phenotypic characteristics of TGF-beta1-exposure (i.e., transcription of specific target genes [e.g., PAI-1], increased cell motility) are linked in the R22 vascular smooth muscle cell system, require pp60(c-src) kinase activity and MEK signaling and involve activation of an AG1478-sensitive (likely EGFR-dependent) pathway.
Cross Reactivity of a Monoclonal Pan T-Cell Antibody (Anti-Leu 4) with Prostate Epithelium (1987)

Cross reactions between monoclonal T-cell antibodies and non-lymphoid tissues have rarely been reported. In this study 28 samples of prostatic tissue obtained at the time of autopsy or surgery, two samples of metastatic prostatic carcinoma and a series of other tumours were snap frozen and sections reacted with a series of monoclonal antibodies directed against the following antigens: Leu 1, Leu 4, T3, T8, T4, T11 and B4. Reactions were detected with an indirect immunofluorescent method. In 10 of 11 normal prostates, 15 of 15 with nodular hyperplasia and 3 of 4 prostatic adenocarcinomas a strong positive reaction occurred with anti-Leu 4. All other antibodies tested were negative. Other tumours tested, including primary carcinomas of lung (2), kidney (3), stomach (1), colon (1), pancreas (1), breast (2), urinary bladder (1), esophagus (1), larynx (1) and malignant melanoma (2), were negative with all antibodies. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of cross reactivity between a monoclonal pan T-cell antibody and epithelium. This cross reaction may be related to a shared antigen between T-cells and prostate epithelial cells or, more likely, it represents reactivity with a shared epitope. Knowledge of this reaction will prevent possible misinterpretations in the evaluation of undifferentiated neoplasms.
Nonthermal plasma synthesis of metal sulfide nanocrystals from metalorganic vapor and elemental sulfur (2015)

Nanocrystal synthesis in nonthermal plasmas has been focused on elemental group IV semiconductors such as Si and Ge. In contrast, very little is known about plasma synthesis of compound nanocrystals and the time is ripe to extend this synthesis approach to nanocrystals comprised of two or more elements such as metal sulfides, oxides and nitrides. Towards this end, we studied, in an argon–sulfur plasma, the synthesis of ZnS, Cu2S and SnS nanocrystals from metalorganic precursors diethyl Zn(II), hexafluoroacetylacetonate Cu(I) vinyltrimethylsilane, and tetrakis(dimethylamido) Sn(IV), respectively. In situ optical emission spectroscopy was used to observe changes in relative concentrations of various plasma species during synthesis, while ex situ material characterization was used to examine the crystal structure, elemental composition and optical absorption of these nanocrystals. For a constant metalorganic vapor feed rate, the elemental composition of the nanocrystals was found to be independent of the sulfur flow rate into the plasma, above a small threshold value. At constant sulfur flow rate, the nanocrystal composition depended on the metalorganic vapor feed rate. Specifically, the ensemble metal atomic fraction in the nanocrystals was found to increase with increasing metalorganic vapor flow rates, resulting in more metal-rich crystal phases. The metalorganic feed rate can be used to control the composition and crystal phase of the metal-sulfide nanocrystals synthesized using this plasma process.
A robust adaptive reconfigurable flight control scheme for accommodation of control effector failures (2001)

The authors present the proof of robustness of the newly developed Failure Detection and Identification (FDI) and Adaptive Reconfigurable Control (ARC) scheme for accommodation of control effector failures. The failures include lock-in-place and hard-over. The scheme is based on adaptive interacting multiple observers (AIMO) arising from the concept of multiple models, switching and tuning. The overall system consists of online FDI observers for all control effectors, plus one for the no-failure case, and corresponding adaptive reconfigurable controllers. It is shown that, in the case of control effector lock-in-place or hard-over and in the simultaneous presence of large sporadic disturbances, the scheme assures the boundedness of all signals in the system, guarantees asymptotic tracking, and ensures convergence of the failure-related parameter estimate to its true value. The scheme is tested on a linearized model of the Boeing's Tailless Advanced Fighter Aircraft (TAFA), augmented with position and rate limits on the control effectors, and resulted in an excellent overall response despite simultaneous presence of flight-critical failures and large external disturbances.
Electrogenic H+ translocation by the plasma membrane ATPase of Neurospora. Studies on plasma membrane vesicles and reconstituted enzyme. (1984)

Fluorescent probes have been used to measure electrogenic proton pumping by the plasma membrane ATPase of Neurospora. In isolated plasma membrane vesicles, greater than 85% of which are inverted, ATP hydrolysis is accompanied by the formation of an inside acid pH gradient (delta pH) which can be detected by acridine orange fluorescence quenching and an inside positive membrane potential (delta psi) which can be detected by oxonol V fluorescence quenching. Maximal values of delta pH were generated in the presence of a permeant anion (SCN-, NO-3, or Cl-) and maximal delta psi, in the absence of such anions. Cation effects were much less pronounced and can probably be accounted for by non-specific salt effects on the rate of ATP hydrolysis. In addition, a rapid method is described for the reconstitution of the [H+]-ATPase, starting from isolated plasma membranes. When the membranes are solubilized with deoxycholate in the presence of asolectin and detergent is removed by passage through a Bio-Gel P-10 column, vesicles are reformed in which the Mr = 104,000 polypeptide of the ATPase constitutes 35% of the protein. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of the vesicles has revealed intramembrane particles with a diameter of 116 A, equally distributed between the two fracture faces. Measurements with acridine orange and oxonol V indicate that the reconstituted ATPase retains its transport activity, generating both delta pH and delta psi during the hydrolysis of MgATP.
Determination of total and available fractions of PAHs by SPME in oily wastewaters: overcoming interference from NAPL and NOM (2009)

The presence of binding substances had a great influence on SPME kinetics. Therefore, it is of extreme importance to determine their degree of interference when analyzing oily wastewaters or results can otherwise be erroneous. Other factors influencing the total PAH determinations should be considered in further studies.
Mechanistic Analysis of a Multiple Product Sterol Methyltransferase Implicated in Ergosterol Biosynthesis in Trypanosoma brucei (2006)

Sterol methyltransferase (SMT) plays a key role in sterol biosynthesis in different pathogenic organisms by setting the pattern of the side chain structure of the final product. This catalyst, absent in humans, provides critical pathway-specific enzymatic steps in the production of ergosterol in fungi or phytosterols in plants. The new SMT gene was isolated from Trypanosoma brucei genomic DNA and cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system. The recombinant SMT was purified to homogeneity to give a band at 40.0 kDa upon SDS-PAGE and showed a tetrameric subunit organization by gel chromatography. It has a pH optimum of 7.5, an apparent kcat value of 0.01 s(-1), and a Km of 47 +/- 4 microm for zymosterol. The products of the reaction were a mixture of C24-monoalkylated sterols, ergosta-8,24 (25)-dienol, ergosta-8,25 (27)-dienol, and ergosta-8,24 (28)-dienol (fecosterol), and an unusual double C24-alkylated sterol, 24,24-dimethyl ergosta-8,25 (27)-dienol, typically found in plants. Inhibitory profile studies with 25-azalanosterol (Ki value of 39 nm) or 24(R,S), 25-epiminolanosterol (Ki value of 49 nm), ergosterol (Ki value of 27 microm) and 26,27-dehydrozymosterol (Ki and kinact values of 29 microm and 0.26 min(-1), respectively) and data showing zymosterol as the preferred acceptor strongly suggest that the protozoan SMT has an active site topography combining properties of the SMT1 from plants and yeast (37-47% identity). The enzymatic activation of this and other SMTs reveals that the catalytic requirements for the C-methyl reaction are remarkably versatile, whereas the inhibition studies provide a powerful approach to rational design of new anti-sleeping sickness chemotherapeutic drugs.
Centrosomes Enhance the Fidelity of Cytokinesis in Vertebrates and Are Required for Cell Cycle Progression (2001)

When centrosomes are destroyed during prophase by laser microsurgery, vertebrate somatic cells form bipolar acentrosomal mitotic spindles (Khodjakov, A., R.W. Cole, B.R. Oakley, and C.L. Rieder. 2000. Curr. Biol. 10:59-67), but the fate of these cells is unknown. Here, we show that, although these cells lack the radial arrays of astral microtubules normally associated with each spindle pole, they undergo a normal anaphase and usually produce two acentrosomal daughter cells. Relative to controls, however, these cells exhibit a significantly higher (30-50%) failure rate in cytokinesis. This failure correlates with the inability of the spindle to properly reposition itself as the cell changes shape. Also, we destroyed just one centrosome during metaphase and followed the fate of the resultant acentrosomal and centrosomal daughter cells. Within 72 h, 100% of the centrosome-containing cells had either entered DNA synthesis or divided. By contrast, during this period, none of the acentrosomal cells had entered S phase. These data reveal that the primary role of the centrosome in somatic cells is not to form the spindle but instead to ensure cytokinesis and subsequent cell cycle progression.
A robust adaptive filtering algorithm with variable step size (1990)

A varible-step adaptive normalized least mean square (VS-NLMS) filtering algorithm which is robust in the presence of interferences is presented. An estimated cross-correlation function between the input reference signal and the error signal is used as the variable step size. An exponential weighting recursive estimation algorithm is proposed to update the cross-correlation coefficients. Compared with the conventional fixed-step adaptive filtering algorithm (NLMS), the VS-NLMS algorithm can achieve much lower misadjustment noise in the steady state with the same convergence speed and tracking ability. The properties of the VS-NLMS algorithm are confirmed by theoretical analysis and computer simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study on Characterization of Hardened Concrete from Water Absorption-Time Curve (2006)

The characterization of hardened concrete was analyzed by testing the weight change of water absorption. A simple testing method is submitted and discussed in this paper. As one of the test results, it was reported that the relationship between weight change (at) and time (t) of water absorption test would be well fitted with at=(α×t)/(β+t). Based on the result, laboratory studies of a water absorption test were carried out. Test results were discussed for estimation of mix proportions, compressive strength, and carbonation of different kinds of concrete.
Earthworm Ecology and Biogeography in North America (1995)

Status of Exotic Earthworm Systematics and Biogeography in North America, J.W. Reynolds Systematics, Biogeography, and Ecology of Native Earthworms from Eastern, Central, Southern, and Southwestern United States, S.W. James Native Earthworms of the Pacific Northwest: An Ecological Overview, W.M. Fender Native Earthworms of the North Neotropical Region: Current Status and Controversies, C. Fragoso, S.W. James, and S. Borges Native and Exotic Earthworms in Wildland Ecosystems, P.J. Kalisz and H.B. Wood Influences of Earthworms on Biogeochemistry, J.M. Blair, R.W. Parmelee, and P. Lavelle Earthworms and Their Influence on Soil Structure and Infiltration, A.D. Tomlin, M.J. Shipitalo, W.M. Edwards, and R. Protz Earthworms in Agroecosystems, C.A. Edwards, P.J. Bohlen, D.R. Linden, and S. Subler Earthworms and Sustainable Land Use, K.E. Lee Index
Artifact detection in EEG using machine learning (2017)

The electroencephalography (EEG) data records vast amounts of human cerebral activity yet is still reviewed primarily by human readers. Most of the times, the data is contaminated with non-cerebral originated signals, called artifacts, which could be very difficult to visually detect and, undiscovered, could damage the neural information analysis. The purpose of our work is to detect the artifacts by identifying the most relevant features, both in the temporal and frequency domains, and train various supervised learning algorithms: Decision Trees, SVM and KNN, in order to distinguish between clean and contaminated signals. The performance of our method exceeds the ones achieved in literature with an accuracy of detection of 98.78%, 98.30% for precision and 98.40% for recall, for the best settings we found.
Syntheses, characterizations, and stereoelectronic stabilization of organometallic electron reservoirs: the 19-electron d7 redox catalysts .eta.5-C5R5Fe-.eta.6-C6R'6 (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses, characterizations, and stereoelectronic stabilization of organometallic electron reservoirs: the 19-electron d7 redox catalysts .eta.5-C5R5Fe-.eta.6-C6R'6Jean Rene Hamon, Didier Astruc, and Pascal MichaudCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4, 758–766Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00394a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00394a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1170Altmetric-Citations203LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Benzodiazepine-Induced Hyperphagia: Development and Assessment of a 3D Pharmacophore By Computational Methods (2000)

Benzodiazepine receptor (BDZR) ligands are structurally diverse compounds that bind to specific binding sites on GABA(A) receptors and allosterically modulate the effect of GABA on chloride ion flux. The binding of BDZR ligands to this receptor system results in activity at multiple behavioral endpoints, including anxiolytic, sedative, anticonvulsant, and hyperphagic effects. In the work presented here, a computational procedure developed in our laboratory has been used to obtain a 3D pharmacophore for ligand recognition of the GABA(A)/BDZRs initiating the hyperphagic response. To accomplish this goal, 17 structurally diverse compounds, previously assessed in our laboratory for activity at the hyperphagic endpoint, were used. The result is a four-component 3D pharmacophore. It consists of two proton acceptor atoms, the centroid of an aromatic ring and the centroid of a hydrophobic moiety in a common geometric arrangement in all compounds with activity at this endpoint. This 3D pharmacophore was then assessed and successfully validated using three different tests. First, two BDZR ligands, which were included as negative controls in the set of seventeen compounds used for the pharmacophore development, did not fit the pharmacophore. Second, some benzodiazepine ligands known to have activity at the hyperphagia endpoint, but not included in the pharmacophore development, were used as positive controls and were found to fit the pharmacophore. Finally, using the 3D pharmacophore developed in the present work to search 3D databases, over 50 classical benzodiazepines were found. Among them, were benzodiazepine ligands known to have an effect at the hyperphagic endpoint. In addition, the novel compounds also found in this search are promising therapeutic agents that could beneficially affect feeding behavior.
Transformational Leadership and the Corporate Entrepreneurial Spirit (2015)

Introduction: Transformational leadership is hailed by many academics as a\nway of improving human capital and increasing productivity. In the same\nway, corporate entrepreneurial spirit is seen as a road to innovation and\ntransformation. Productivity, innovation and transformation are often cited\nas drivers of development, which could be important in promoting such\nactivities in Africa. Objectives: To determine the extent to which an\nenvironment where transformational leadership is practised coincides with\nan environment that is conducive to the practice of corporate\nentrepreneurship. Method: Data was collected from 868 employees from 17\nSouthern African organisations. The respondents were asked to complete a\nseries of questionnaires, including one on transformational leadership and\none on corporate entrepreneurship. Informed consent was obtained before\nthe questionnaires were administered. As well as descriptive statistics,\ncorrelations were also calculated. Results: The reliability coefficients\nmeasured were acceptable (transformational leadership, alpha = .870;\ncorporate entrepreneurship, alpha = .810). The results indicate that\ntransformational leadership correlates significantly (p < .001) with the\nelements of entrepreneurship. The strongest correlations were with the\ndomains of Rewards/Reinforcement (r = .523) and Management Support (r =\n.405), while the weakest were with Time Availability (r = .107) and Work\nDiscretion (r = .233). Conclusions: Although an environment in which\ntransformational leadership is practised coincides with important elements\nconducive to the practice of entrepreneurship, transformational leadership\ndoes not facilitate all these processes. Transformational leadership may thus\nbe important, but it is not sufficient for the development of entrepreneurial\nspirit. Methods of boosting corporate entrepreneurial spirit are suggested for\ntransformational leaders.
Sketching with projective 2D strokes (1999)

Freehand sketching has long had appeal as an artistic medium for conceptual design because of its immediacy in capturing and communicating design intent and visual experience. We present a sketching paradigm that supports the early stages of design by preserving the fluidity of traditional freehand drawings. In addition, it attempts to fill the gap between 2D drawing programs, which have fixed views, and 3D modeling programs that allow arbitrary views. We implement our application as a two-dimensional drawing program that utilizes a projective representation of points — i.e. points that lie on the surface of a unit sphere centered at the viewpoint. This representation facilitates the production of novel re-projections generated from an initial perspective sketch and gives the user the impression of being immersed in the drawing or space. We describe a method for aligning a sketch drawn outside the system using its vanishing points, allowing the integration of computer sketching and freehand sketching on paper in an iterative manner. The user interface provides a virtual camera, projective grids to guide in the construction of proportionate scenes, and the ability to underlay sketches with other drawings or photographic panoramas.