gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mediates Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-induced Activation of the ERK/GEF-H1/RhoA Pathway in Tubular Epithelium (2011)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induces cytoskeleton and intercellular junction remodeling in tubular epithelial cells; the underlying mechanisms, however, are incompletely explored. We have previously shown that ERK-mediated stimulation of the RhoA GDP/GTP exchange factor GEF-H1/Lfc is critical for TNF-α-induced RhoA stimulation. Here we investigated the upstream mechanisms of ERK/GEF-H1 activation. Surprisingly, TNF-α-induced ERK and RhoA stimulation in tubular cells were prevented by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition or silencing. TNF-α also enhanced phosphorylation of the EGFR. EGF treatment mimicked the effects of TNF-α, as it elicited potent, ERK-dependent GEF-H1 and RhoA activation. Moreover, EGF-induced RhoA activation was prevented by GEF-H1 silencing, indicating that GEF-H1 is a key downstream effector of the EGFR. The TNF-α-elicited EGFR, ERK, and RhoA stimulation were mediated by the TNF-α convertase enzyme (TACE) that can release EGFR ligands. Further, EGFR transactivation also required the tyrosine kinase Src, as Src inhibition prevented TNF-α-induced activation of the EGFR/ERK/GEF-H1/RhoA pathway. Importantly, a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay and electric cell substrate impedance-sensing (ECIS) measurements revealed that TNF-α stimulated cell growth in an EGFR-dependent manner. In contrast, TNF-α-induced NFκB activation was not prevented by EGFR or Src inhibition, suggesting that TNF-α exerts both EGFR-dependent and -independent effects. In summary, in the present study we show that the TNF-α-induced activation of the ERK/GEF-H1/RhoA pathway in tubular cells is mediated through Src- and TACE-dependent EGFR activation. Such a mechanism could couple inflammatory and proliferative stimuli and, thus, may play a key role in the regulation of wound healing and fibrogenesis.
Distributed & Prioritised Scheduling to Implement Carrier Aggregation in LTE Advanced Systems (2014)

LTE-Advanced systems support multi-carrier with non-contiguous, asymmetric and cross band-class operations to ensure full flexibility of the spectral deployment. The component carriers employed in Spectrum Aggregation need not to be adjacent and symmetric. However they could be in different frequency bands. The eNodeB or UE in the LTEAdvanced systems that adopts Spectrum Aggregation simultaneously transmit and receive data using non-adjacent carriers. The component carriers in different frequency bands are aggregated into a wider bandwidth, LTE-Advanced UE can share the overall wider bandwidth. Each user can use RBs of all the component carriers simultaneously. There are two possible scheduler structures for Spectrum Aggregation. Priority based decision require proposed modification in joint queue scheduler. This research paper aimed to focus on thorough investigation of carrier aggregation, scheduler structures and finally ends at a conclusion by proposing a new idea of an improved scheduler structure for 
carrier aggregation.
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Hippocampus and Occipital White Matter in PTSD: Preliminary Results (2002)

The preliminary results of our study in civilians with PTSD replicate previous MRS studies and are consistent with decreased hippocampal neuronal integrity without effects in the OWM. Replication of our findings is needed.
Automatic Classification and Characterization of Power Quality Events (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <?Pub Dtl=""?>This paper presents a new technique for automatic monitoring of power quality events, which is based on the multiresolution S-transform and Parseval's theorem. In the proposed technique, the S-transform is used to produce instantaneous frequency vectors of the signals, and then the energies of these vectors, based on the Parseval's theorem, are utilized for automatically monitoring and classification of power quality events. The advantage of the proposed algorithm is its ability to distinguish different power quality classes easily. In addition, the magnitude, duration, and frequency content of the disturbances can be accurately identified in order to characterize the disturbances. The paper provides the theoretical background of the technique and presents a wide range of analyses to demonstrate its effectiveness. </para>
Recombinant Fusion Proteins Assembling Der p 1 and Der p 2 Allergens from <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> (2010)

Production of multiple Der p 1-Der p 2 fusion proteins exhibiting partial folding and proper antigenic properties has been achieved. Nonetheless, significant solubility and stability issues currently limit the application of such chimeras for immunotherapy or diagnostic.
Forecasting Using Bayesian and Information-Theoretic Model Averaging (2007)

Model averaging often improves forecast accuracy over individual forecasts. It may also be seen as a means of forecasting in data-rich environments. Bayesian model averaging methods have been widely advocated, but a neglected frequentist approach is to use information-theoretic-based weights. We consider the use of information-theoretic model averaging in forecasting U.K. inflation, with a large dataset, and find that it can be a powerful alternative to Bayesian averaging schemes.
Electrophysiological recordings from the rat prostate gland <i>in vitro</i> : identified single‐cell and transepithelial (lumen) potentials (2000)

Rat prostate tissue can be successfully maintained in vitro and electrophysiological recordings made from identified cellular compartments.
Life history traits of entomopathogenic nematodes of Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (2016)

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are lethal pathogens of insect pests. Steinernema feltiae and H. bacteriophora are the most widely spread EPN species in the world. On the other hand S. riobrave and S. yirgalemense are limited to tropical climates. Investigations of the life history traits (LHT) of S. feltiae, S. riobrave, S. yirgalemense and H. bacteriophora in hanging drops using semi-solid nematode growth gelrite with their respective symbionts were conducted. The hanging drop method allowed investigating the LHTs of the four EPN species based on individual females/hermaphrodites at different bacterial densities. Offspring production has increased with increased bacterial density. The increase in offspring production was found significantly associated with the body volume of females recorded at the beginning of endotokia matricida. Endotokia matricida is internal hatching of juveniles inside the uterus followed by complete consumption of the maternal nematode body content, which occurs in all fertile females/hermaphrodites of EPNs assessed. The presence of significant correlation between body size of female nematodes and offspring production in hanging drops indicated the possibility to estimate DJ yield in liquid culture. In liquid culture, food is the limiting factor since the culture method does not allow providing fresh food every day like in hanging drops. As a consequence of competition, the number of maternal nematodes has a significant negative correlation with offspring production per female. However, it was demonstrated that the total female body volume is a good parameter for DJ yield estimation in liquid culture with acceptable degree of error. This model could be improved further by including bacterial cell numbers at the beginning of endotokia matricdia, which is linked with second generation development of adults.
Using area-based presentations and metrics for localization systems in wireless LANs (2005)

We show the utility of WLAN localization using areas and volumes as the fundamental localization unit. We demonstrate that area-based algorithms have a critical advantage over point-based approaches because they are better able to describe localization uncertainty, which is a common theme across WLAN based localization systems. Next, we present two novel area-based algorithms. To evaluate area-based approaches, we introduce several new localization performance metrics. We then evaluate the two algorithms using our metrics with data collected from our local WLAN. Finally, we compare our area-based algorithms against traditional point-based approaches. We find that using areas improves the ability of the localization system to give users meaningful alternatives in the face of position uncertainty.
On Piano Playing: Motion, Sound and Expression (1981)

Preface. PART ONE: THE DETERMINING FACTORS IN PIANO TECHNIQUE. 1. Music, Motions and Emotions. 2. The Piano. 3. The Human Performing Mechanism. PART TWO: BASIC TECHNICAL PATTERNS. 4. Free Fall. 5. Five-Fingers, Scales, and Arpegglos. 6. Rotation. 7. Staccato. 8. Thrust. 9. Summary of the Basic Technical Patterns. PART THREE: TECHNIQUE BECOMES MUSIC. 10. Identification and Application of the Basic Technical Patterns. 11. Independence and Interdependence. 12. The Pedals. 13. Singing Tone. 14. Practicing. 15. Memorization. 16. Musical Diction. 17. Public Performance. 18. Mannerisms and Excess Energy. Index.
Leaf extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from widely available Indian plants: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial property and toxicity analysis (2014)

Abstract Background In recent years, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained much interest from chemists and researchers. In this concern, Indian flora has yet to divulge innumerable sources of cost-effective non-hazardous reducing and stabilizing compounds utilized in preparing AgNPs. This study investigates an efficient and sustainable route of AgNP preparation from 1 mM aqueous AgNO 3 using leaf extracts of three plants, Musa balbisiana (banana), Azadirachta indica (neem) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (black tulsi), well adorned for their wide availability and medicinal property. Methods AgNPs were prepared by the reaction of 1 mM silver nitrate and 5% leaf extract of each type of plant separately. the AgNPs were duely characterized and tested for their antibacterial activity and toxicity. Results The AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible (vis) spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis was carried out to determine the nature of the capping agents in each of these leaf extracts. AgNPs obtained showed significantly higher antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Bacillus sp. in comparison to both AgNO 3 and raw plant extracts. Additionally, a toxicity evaluation of these AgNP containing solutions was carried out on seeds of Moong Bean ( Vigna radiata ) and Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ). Results showed that seeds treated with AgNP solutions exhibited better rates of germination and oxidative stress enzyme activity nearing control levels, though detailed mechanism of uptake and translocation are yet to be analyzed. Conclusion In totality, the AgNPs prepared are safe to be discharged in the environment and possibly utilized in processes of pollution remediation. AgNPs may also be efficiently utilized in agricultural research to obtain better health of crop plants as shown by our study.
Role of bacterial Mn-cofactored superoxide dismutase in oxidative stress responses, nasopharyngeal colonization, and sustained bacteremia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (1997)

Haemophilus influenzae type b, a causative agent of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in young children, contains a single superoxide dismutase (SOD), a cytoplasmic MnSOD. To study the role of this enzyme, a chromosomal sodA::lacZ mutant (M-2) was constructed. M-2 had an increased sensitivity towards oxygen and the redox-active agent paraquat. A 3.4-fold increase in sodA-lacZ expression was found in M-2 grown with oxygen supply rates between 3 and 36 mmol of O2/liter/h. In similar experiments with the wild type, assaying SodA activity, a 3.1-fold increase was found. Both the wild type and M-2 grew best at the lowest oxygen supply rate tested, consistent with the notion that H. influenzae prefers a more anaerobic environment. In the infant rat model of infection, the ability of M-2 to colonize the nasopharynx was found to be impaired, but its ability to cause invasive disease was unaffected. This suggests that after invasion, the growth disadvantage imposed by a SodA- phenotype is not limiting.
Online Analysis of Atmospheric Particles with a Transportable Laser Mass Spectrometer (2000)

A new mobile mass spectrometrical acquisition and evaluation system for on-line analysis of single airborne particles and for characterization of particle populations (aerosols), ''LAMPAS 2,'' is described. The modular aerosol inlet system of the instrument can be quickly exchanged with an alternate unit, providing for quasi-continuous long-term operation. The technical design allows for field operation with only a 9 A single phase power supply. Statistical evaluation of large numbers of single particle spectra is performed immediately after acquisition, resulting in a time course resolution for aerosol characterization of about 1 hr. The instrument was first employed in a joint field experiment ''LACE 98'' in July and August 1998, providing for chemical and physical characterization within the framework of other state-of-the-art technologies of characterizing the atmospheric aerosol.
Regularizing deep networks with prior knowledge: A constraint-based approach (2021)

Deep Learning architectures can develop feature representations and classification models in an integrated way during training. This joint learning process requires large networks with many parameters, and it is successful when a large amount of training data is available. Instead of making the learner develop its entire understanding of the world from scratch from the input examples, the injection of prior knowledge into the learner seems to be a principled way to reduce the amount of require training data, as the learner does not need to induce the rules from the data. This paper presents a general framework to integrate arbitrary prior knowledge into learning. The domain knowledge is provided as a collection of first-order logic (FOL) clauses, where each task to be learned corresponds to a predicate in the knowledge base. The logic statements are translated into a set of differentiable constraints, which can be integrated into the learning process to distill the knowledge into the network, or used during inference to enforce the consistency of the predictions with the prior knowledge. The experimental results have been carried out on multiple image datasets and show that the integration of the prior knowledge boosts the accuracy of several state-of-the-art deep architectures on image classification tasks.
Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle using solvent-dried and gamma-irradiated allogeneic fascia lata (2000)

We have described a method of anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankles with instability using allogeneic fascia lata dried with solvents and sterilised with gamma irradiation. Twenty ankles of 20 patients were assessed objectively and subjectively after a mean follow-up of 4.2 years (3.1 to 10). The result was excellent in 12 (60%), good in seven (35%) and fair in one (5%); none had a poor result. Stress radiography showed that the angle of talar tilt improved from 12.3+/-4.2 degrees (mean +/- SD) to 5.9+/-3.0 degrees and that the anterior drawer distance decreased from 9.2+/-3.9 mm to 4.4+/-2.5 mm. Neither infection nor limitation of movement occurred after operation. Fascia lata allografts provide a good alternative to autogenous grafts such as the peroneus brevis tendon.
Role of extracellular adenosine triphosphate in the cytotoxic T- lymphocyte-mediated lysis of antigen presenting cells (1995)

The lysis of antigen presenting cells (APCs) by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) may be one mechanism whereby an immune response is downregulated by Staphylococcus superantigens. Disappearance of monocytes/macrophages from staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, but not from control PBMC cultures was seen by flow cytometry. Recently, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been described as an effector molecule in CTL-mediated lysis of some murine tumor target cells. We have also shown that ATP caused the lysis of human macrophages, and that treatment of cells with interferon gamma (IFN gamma) rendered macrophages significantly more sensitive to ATP than untreated cells. To show that this purine nucleotide may play a role in modulating the immune system, we generated human CTLs that were stimulated with SEA, and used them as effector cells against SEA-pulsed autologous macrophages. CTLs were found to specifically lyse SEA-pulsed macrophages, while control, unpulsed, macrophages were unaffected. The addition of hexokinase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP, significantly abrogated the killing of SEA-pulsed cells during the assay. In examining the mechanism of cytotoxicity, electron microscopy showed that macrophages incubated with both ATP and CTLs underwent necrosis, rather than apoptosis. From these results, it is suggested that ATP is released from CTLs during antigen presentation, and that IFN gamma-activated macrophages, which are inherently more sensitive to this mediator, are readily lysed and therefore removed from circulation, thus downregulating an immune response.
STATISTICAL EQUILIBRIUM IN A SIMPLE LABOR MARKET (1996)

ABSTRACT A simple model of the labor market is analyzed using the concept of statistical equilibrium. Involuntary unemployment is revealed to be an equilibrium phenomenon in this approach. The consequences of wage subsidies depend critically on whether they are paid to workers or to employers.
Layered dynamic control for interactive character swimming (2004)

This paper proposes a layered strategy for controlling character motion in a dynamically varying environment. We illustrate this approach in the context of a physically simulated human swimmer. The swimmer attempts to follow a dynamic target by augmenting cyclic stroke control with a set of pre-specified variations, based on the current state of the character and its environment. Control of a given swim stroke is decomposed into three layers: a basic stroke sequence, a set of per-stroke control variations, and a set of continuously applied control variations. Interactive control of the swimmer is possible as a result of an efficient physical simulation using a simplified fluid model. Our results show layered dynamic control to be an effective adaptive control technique in well conditioned physical simulations such as swimming, where simulation states resulting from control errors are recoverable.
Heterogeneous photocatalytic removal and reaction kinetics of Rhodamine-B dye with Au loaded TiO <sub>2</sub> nanohybrid catalysts (2012)

Heterogeneous photocatalytic removal and reaction kinetics of Rhodamine-B dye with Au loaded TiO 2 nanohybrid catalysts Heterogeneous photocatalytic removal of Rhodamine-B (RhB) dye by metallic Au nanopatrticles deposited TiO 2 photocatalyst was studied. For this study, a chemical reduction method by hydrazine hydrate for gold deposition was employed in order to synthesize Au/TiO 2 nanocomposite system. For the characterization of the synthesized nanomaterials, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), the Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PLS) techniques were performed. The obtained results show that the deposition of gold onto TiO 2 surface could effectively inhibit the recombination of the photoinduced electron and holes, improving the absorption capability for the visible light source and leading to the increased surface OH group density. The degradation experiment reveals that the efficiency of color removal from RhB aqueous solution containing Au/TiO 2 powders for the photocatalytic bleaching of RhB dye is more efficient than that of bare TiO 2 sample upon UV-vis light activation. In addition, degradation kinetics of RhB dye in aqueous suspensions can be well simulated by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and obeys the pseudo-first order law, with a decolorization rate of 0.0252 min -1 to the photocatalytic removal of RhB dye.
An adaptive channel estimation scheme for DS-CDMA systems (2002)

We propose using decimation to estimate vehicle speed for adaptive channel estimation in pilot-aided transmission systems like DS-CDMA ones. It is shown that by passing the received pilot signal through a bandpass filter after decimation and computing its output energy, the current velocity of a mobile station can be accurately estimated. In addition, the proposed speed estimation unit is simple to implement. This allows us to use it accompanying a computationally efficient pilot filter for a forward link receiver. A structure for adaptive channel estimation based on the proposed velocity estimation unit is addressed. The optimal coefficients of the pilot filter are selected from a precalculated bank of coefficients based on the estimated mobile speed zone. Procedures for deriving the optimal coefficients and thresholds for the speed estimation unit are developed. The proposed method provides up to 0.75 dB improvement compared to conventional nonadaptive ones.
Influence of stimuli on the comportment of an artificial neural population (1992)

The dynamic behavior (comportment) of an artificial neural network depends not only on the synaptic weights, but also on the stimuli input. Without stimuli, the network stable state is permanent or oscillatory. The external stimuli input modifies the neural state, changing it from one stable permanent state to another or from an oscillatory to a permanent state, or changing the frequency of oscillation. The different responsive evolutions of the network were analyzed using a dynamic representation described by nonlinear differential equations. Computer simulation results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Slipstream processors (2000)

Processors execute the full dynamic instruction stream to arrive at the final output of a program, yet there exist shorter instruction streams that produce the same overall effect. We propose creating a shorter but otherwise equivalent version of the original program by removing ineffectual computation and computation related to highly-predictable control flow. The shortened program is run concurrently with the full program on a chip multiprocessor or simultaneous multithreaded processor, with two key advantages:1) Improved single-program performance . The shorter program speculatively runs ahead of the full program and supplies the full program with control and data flow outcomes. The full program executes efficiently due to the communicated outcomes, at the same time validating the speculative, shorter program. The two programs combined run faster than the original program alone. Detailed simulations of an example implementation show an average improvement of 7% for the SPEC95 integer benchmarks.2) Fault tolerance . The shorter program is a subset of the full program and this partial-redundancy is transparently leveraged for detecting and recovering from transient hardware faults.