gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Effects of Edaravone: a Novel Free Radical Scavenger in Cerebrovascular Injury (2006)

Recanalization and neuroprotection have been mainly targeted for the specific treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Free radicals play a crucial role in brain ischemic injury by exacerbating membrane damage through peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids of cell membrane, leading to neuronal death and brain edema. Free radicals have been implicated in stroke pathophysiology as pivotal contributors to cell injury. Edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) is a novel potent free radical scavenger that has been clinically used to reduce the neuronal damage following ischemic stroke. Edaravone exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting endothelial injury and by ameliorating neuronal damage in brain ischemia. Edaravone provides the desirable features of NOS: it increases eNOS (beneficial NOS for rescuing ischemic stroke) and decreases nNOS and iNOS (detrimental NOS). Post- reperfusion brain edema and hemorrhagic events induced by thrombolytic therapy may be reduced by edaravone pretreatment. Increased productions of superoxide and NO in the brain after reperfusion and a concomitant surge in oxygen free radicals with increased NO during recirculation lead to formation of peroxynitrite, a superpotent radical. Edaravone, which inhibits oxidation and enhances NO production derived from increased eNOS expression, may improve and conserve cerebral blood flow without peroxynitrite generation during reperfusion. Clinical experience with edaravone suggests that this drug has a wide therapeutic time window. The combination therapy (a thrombolytic plus edaravone) is likely to target brain edema, reduce stroke death and improve the recovery from neurological deficits in stoke patients.
Advanced Engine Control and Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment of a Leanburn SI Engine (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The development of a leanburn engine is described, in which optimized engine design, innovative engine management and exhaust gas aftertreatment using a special NOx-storage catalyst were combined to yield a significant improvement in fuel economy with reduced NOx emissions. To achieve stable combustion near the lean limit a swirl system was used and the appropriate parameters of the 2.2 I 4-cyIinder 4-valve SI engine were optimized. As a result, the mixture formation was improved and the lean limit was extended to higher air-fuel ratios. An adaptive lambda controller which was based on the evaluation of engine-smoothness calculated from the RPM-sensor was implemented to control each cylinder individually close to the lean limit. A model-based control system was developed to achieve extremely accurate air-fuel ratio control during transients. This system also enabled optimal regeneration of the NOx-storage catalyst, by optimizing the lean to rich air-fuel ratio transitions and by holding the engine torque constant so that the regeneration phase was imperceptible to the driver.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Experimental results from the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) show a significant improvement in fuel economy with exhaust emissions which are comparable to those of a stoichiometric concept. The whole system: optimized leanburn engine, advanced engine control system and exhaust gas aftertreatment which is introduced here is a promising way to improve fuel economy and to fulfill future emissions legislations.</div>
Significance of Urinary Full-Length and Ectodomain Forms of Megalin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2012)

Urinary full-length megalin excretion as measured by the C-megalin assay is well associated with reduced eGFR and linked to the severity of DN, phosphate dysregulation, and anemia, whereas urinary excretion of megalin ectodomain as measured by the A-megalin assay may be associated with distinctive mechanisms of earlier DN in type 2 diabetes.
T3-F: Educational Experiences and Lessons Learned in the Multidisciplinary Design, Fabrication, Integration and Flight Testing of Embry-Riddle High Altitude Science Engineering Rig (ERHASER) Payload aboard NASA’s WB-57 Aircraft (2018)

This paper describes the unique educational experiences and highlights the lessons learned during the multidisciplinary design, fabrication, integration and flight testing preparation of our prospective payload as part of the NASA’s Student Opportunities in Airborne Research (SOAR) pilot program aboard the WB57 aircraft. Our payload was comprised of several modular experiments referred as the Embry-Riddle High Altitude Science Engineering Rig (ERHASER), which was tested at about 60,000 feet during an analog suborbital trajectory over the Gulf of Mexico. One of the ERHASER’s experiments was dedicated to fly an ADS-B technology kit that can enhance students’ knowledge in Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) with emphasis in aviation, and understand some of the challenges the Federal Administration Aviation (FAA) is facing with integrating new emerging era of suborbital space vehicles into the National Air Space. Understanding suborbital requirements, procedures and ADS-B performance are critical to better assess prospective point-to-point suborbital flights. This is a great opportunity for Embry-Riddle students to use the WB-57 research platform as a high-altitude performance aircraft in testing the functionality of ADS-B technologies during these analog suborbital trajectories. ERHASER’s second experiment consisted of radiation environmental measurements to test its effects on in-vitro biological alterations. Our biological system was composed of murine T-cells primed with different cytokines and cells treated with medicinal plant supercritical extracts. The goal of this study is to investigate the radiation induced cellular damage on these murine immune cells during the WB-57 flight, and to determine the role of supercritical extracts in reversing the epigenetic changes potentially induced by exposure to radiation. These unique experiences provide guidelines that helped faculty to work with students from different disciplines to design, fabricate, integrate and conduct flight tests successfully.
Preliminary investigation of the vacuum pyrolysis of bituminous roofing waste materials (2003)

The treatment of bituminous roofing waste materials by vacuum pyrolysis was tested in a pilot plant. The pyrolysis experiment was carried out batchwise at a temperature of 500°C and a total maximum pressure of 16 kPa. The amount of feedstock tested was 37 kg. Pyrolysis product yields were 52.3 wt.% oils, 31.2 wt.% solids, 14.4 wt.% pyrolysis gas, and 0.4 wt.% water. Losses were 1.7 wt.%. The pyrolysis oils have a gross calorific value of 42.7 MJ/kg and can be used as a heating fuel. The oil as a whole also represents a valuable material for petrochemical applications. The gas is rich in hydrocarbons and can be used as a make-up heat source (45.2 MJ/kg) for the thermal decomposition process. The solid residues exhibit a moderate calorific value of 17.5 MJ/kg and might find their way as a solid fuel in cement kilns. The nature of the minerals present in the solid residues, which amount to 49.7 wt.%, seems to be compatible with the cement composition. The vacuum pyrolysis technology is viewed as a potential solution to landfill and incineration of this waste construction material. Key words: construction, waste, shingles, bituminous, roofing, pyrolysis, fuels, environment, petrochemicals.
PRODUCTION OF DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA) FROM Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 USING DIFFERENTS NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS (2014)

In this work it was studied the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) production, especially DHA, from Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185, under different total nitrogen (TN) availability. Three different TN conditions were evaluated: two with initial concentrations of 2.4 g/L and 0.8 g/L, and the third in a fed-batch process with a rate of 0.009 g/L.h. For each experiment the biomass, glucose, TN and PUFAs were determined. The major composition of the PUFAs in Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 cell biomass were DPA ω6 (21-25 %) and DHA (69-73 %), regardless of the type and time of culture. The maximum cell concentration (30.2 g/L) was obtained using 2.4 g/L TN in 168 h of culture. With this same concentration of TN it was possible to produce the highest concentration of DHA (1.16 g/L) in 120 h of culture, demonstrating that the growth of Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 and yield of PUFAs are dependent on the source concentration of TN available for consumption of this oleaginous microorganism, as well as culture time.
On the Static Characteristic of Circular Disc Valve (1960)

The relation of the lifting force and lift of a circular disc valve which over the seat, is hereby analytically related. Making use of the momentum theory of fluid, the general formula of lifting force of any axially symmetrical valve which has a spontaneous profile is obtained. Then, taking viscosity into consideration, the relation of the lifting force and lift of a circular disc valve is developed. The value calculated from this formula is approximately in accordance with an experimental data obtained by Prof. Oki which has the following static characteristics : At first, in case of very small lift the lifting force of this valve is greater on account of viscosity. Next, when the lift is continually increased, it decreases suddenly to a minimum value and then turns to increase, but gradually reachs to a nearly constant valve.
Synthesis from Caffeine of a Mixed <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene−Silver Acetate Complex Active against Resistant Respiratory Pathogens (2006)

The bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) (NHC) silver complex, 3, with a methyl carbonate anion was formed from the reaction of the iodide salt of methylated caffeine, 1, with silver (I) oxide in methanol. Attempts to crystallize this complex from a mixture of common alcohols and ethyl acetate led to the formation of an NHC-silver acetate complex, 4. The more direct synthesis of 4 was accomplished by the in-situ deprotonation of 1 by silver acetate in methanol. Complex 4 demonstrated antimicrobial activity against numerous resistant respiratory pathogens from the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients including members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex that cause a high rate of mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Application of this NHC silver complex to primary cultures of murine respiratory epithelial cells followed by microarray analysis showed minimal gene expression changes at the concentrations effective against respiratory pathogens. Furthermore, methylated caffeine without silver showed some antibacterial and antifungal activity.
A Cuffless Blood Pressure Measurement Based on the Impedance Plethysmography Technique (2017)

In the last decade, cuffless blood pressure measurement technology has been widely studied because it could be applied to a wearable apparatus. Electrocardiography (ECG), photo-plethysmography (PPG), and phonocardiography are always used to detect the pulse transit time (PTT) because the changed tendencies of the PTT and blood pressure have a negative relationship. In this study, the PPG signal was replaced by the impedance plethysmography (IPG) signal and was used to detect the PTT. The placement and direction of the electrode array for the IPG measurement were discussed. Then, we designed an IPG ring that could measure an accurate IPG signal. Twenty healthy subjects participated in this study. The changes in blood pressure after exercise were evaluated through the changes of the PTT. The results showed that the change of the systolic pressure had a better relationship with the change of the PTT<sub>IPG</sub> than that of the PTT<sub>PPG</sub> (<i>r</i> = 0.700 vs. <i>r</i> = 0.450). Moreover, the IPG ring with spot electrodes would be more suitable to develop with the wearable cuffless blood pressure monitor than the PPG sensor.
Tissue Engineering In Endodontics (2005)

The key elements of the regeneration of dentine-pulp complex are stem cells, morphogens and a scaffold of extracellular matrix. The pulp stem cells have the potential to differentiate into odontoblasts in response to bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). However, the use of BMPs in vivo has been restrained by lack of a suitable scaffold. Therefore, two alternative approaches, in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy were performed. Bmp I I/Gdf I I gene was directly transferred into amputated pulp by sonoporation and the reparative dentine formation was stimulated in vivo. However, there should be enough responsive stem cells in the pulp. Therefore, the isolated progenitor stem cells from pulp were transfected with Bmp I I/Gdf I I by electroporation and implanted onto the amputated pulp. This ex vivo gene therapy stimulated reparative dentine formation more optimally and rapidly compared with the in vivo gene therapy. These results suggest the possible clinical use of gene therapy of BMPs for endodontics.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids up-regulate hepatic scavenger receptor B1 (SR-BI) expression and HDL cholesteryl ester uptake in the hamster (1999)

Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids lower plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations when compared to diets rich in saturated fatty acids. We investigated the mechanistic basis for this effect in the hamster and sought to determine whether reduced plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations resulting from a high polyunsaturated fat diet are associated with a decrease in reverse cholesterol transport. Animals were fed semisynthetic diets enriched with polyunsaturated or saturated fatty acids for 6 weeks. We then determined the effect of these diets on the following parameters: 1) hepatic scavenger receptor B1 (SR-BI) mRNA and protein levels, 2) the rate of hepatic HDL cholesteryl ester uptake, and 3) the rate of cholesterol acquisition by the extrahepatic tissues (from de novo synthesis, LDL and HDL) as a measure of the rate of reverse cholesterol transport. Compared to saturated fatty acids, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids up-regulated hepatic SR-BI expression by approximately 50% and increased HDL cholesteryl ester transport to the liver; as a consequence, plasma HDL cholesteryl ester concentrations were reduced. Although dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids increased hepatic HDL cholesteryl ester uptake and lowered plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations, there was no change in the cholesterol content or in the rate of cholesterol acquisition (via de novo synthesis and lipoprotein uptake) by the extrahepatic tissues.These studies indicate that substitution of polyunsaturated for saturated fatty acids in the diet increases SR-BI expression and lowers plasma HDL cholesteryl ester concentrations but does not affect reverse cholesterol transport.
Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of Phenols with Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid-Catalyzed Reactions of Phenols with Dimethyl Sulfoxide and DicyclohexylcarbodiimideM. G. Burdon and J. G. MoffattCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 20, 4656–4658Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00948a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00948a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views375Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Local Anesthetics Induce Chondrocyte Death in Bovine Articular Cartilage Disks in a Dose‐ and Duration‐Dependent Manner (2009)

After arthroscopic surgery, it has been common practice to inject various local anesthetics into the joint for pain relief. Because adult chondrocytes have little or no capacity to regenerate, these results suggest that high-dose, long-term intra-articular administration of local anesthetics should be performed with caution.
Biodebridement (2000)

The wound healing and antimicrobial properties of maggots are well known. Maggot debridement therapy has been used for the treatment of various conditions. For maggot debridement therapy, the larvae of the blowfly are applied over necrotic or nonhealing wounds. We used maggot debridement therapy with the larvae of Phaenicia sericata for limb salvage after bilateral lower extremity fourth-degree burns.
α-Helical Peptide Nucleic Acids (αPNAs):  A New Paradigm for DNA-Binding Molecules (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTα-Helical Peptide Nucleic Acids (αPNAs): A New Paradigm for DNA-Binding MoleculesPhilip Garner, Subhakar Dey, and Yumei HuangView Author Information Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7078 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10, 2405–2406Publication Date (Web):February 24, 2000Publication History Received7 September 1999Published online24 February 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja993216dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja993216drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views329Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Genetics,Melting,Nucleic acids,Nucleobases,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Magnetic properties and domain structures in narrow NiFe stripes (1980)

The coercivity of narrow stripes of 81 percent Ni-19 percent Fe films has been found to increase rapidly, by up to an order of magnitude, as the stripe width decreases and approaches 1 μm. Furthermore, the coercivity increases with decreasing film thickness as it does in sheet films, but in the stripes the changes in coercivity with film thickness are much larger than in sheet films. For example, in stripes of 2 μm × 100 μm, H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> increases from 10 Oe to 35 Oe as the thickness decreases from 1800 Å to 300 Å. The increase in coercivity with decreasing stripe width may be explained by a buckling of the magnetization perpendicular to the length of the stripe. This buckling process was made visible by decoration of domain walls with Ferrofluid, and is shown to lead to the formation of walls perpendicular to the stripe. These walls do not move, but block reverse domains from propagating down the stripe. In the narrowest stripes (2 μm) fields larger than 100 Oe are required to collapse the 360° wall segments which eventually form. A theoretical model for this buckling process is given which shows that a minimum in energy occurs when the stripe buckles with a buckling wavelength approximately equal to the width of the stripe. These findings suggest that, as structures of NiFe like those in magnetic bubble devices and in magnetic recording heads are made smaller, coercivity and dispersion will rise significantly, leading in many cases to undesirable magnetic behavior.
Toward smaller, faster, and better hierarchical phrase-based SMT (2009)

We investigate the use of Fisher's exact significance test for pruning the translation table of a hierarchical phrase-based statistical machine translation system. In addition to the significance values computed by Fisher's exact test, we introduce compositional properties to classify phrase pairs of same significance values. We also examine the impact of using significance values as a feature in translation models. Experimental results show that 1% to 2% BLEU improvements can be achieved along with substantial model size reduction in an Iraqi/English two-way translation task.
Multimodal Video Characterization and Summarization (2005)

Multimodal Video Characterization and Summarization is a valuable research tool for both professionals and academicians working in the video field. This book describes the methodology for using multim
Protective Mucosal Immunity to Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection in Mice by Using<i>Escherichia coli</i>Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit as an Adjuvant (2001)

The potential of nontoxic recombinant B subunits of cholera toxin (rCtxB) and its close relative Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (rEtxB) to act as mucosal adjuvants for intranasal immunization with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins was assessed. Doses of 10 microg of rEtxB or above with 10 microg of HSV-1 glycoproteins elicited high serum and mucosal anti-HSV-1 titers comparable with that obtained using CtxB (10 microg) with a trace (0.5 microg) of whole toxin (Ctx-CtxB). By contrast, doses of rCtxB up to 100 microg elicited only meager anti-HSV-1 responses. As for Ctx-CtxB, rEtxB resulted in a Th2-biased immune response with high immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)/IgG2a antibody ratios and production of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-10 as well as gamma interferon by proliferating T cells. The protective efficacy of the immune response induced using rEtxB as an adjuvant was assessed following ocular challenge of immunized and mock-immunized mice. Epithelial disease was observed in both groups, but the immunized mice recovered by day 6 whereas mock-immunized mice developed more severe corneal disease leading to stromal keratitis. In addition, a significant reduction in the incidence of lid disease and zosteriform spread was observed in immunized animals and there was no encephalitis compared with 95% encephalitis in mock-immunized mice. The potential of such mucosal adjuvants for use in human vaccines against pathogens such as HSV-1 is discussed.
LP‐5: <i>Late‐News Poster:</i> Plasma‐CVD SiNx / Plasma‐Polymerized CNx:H Multi‐layer Passivation Films for Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2003)

Abstract We have developed plasma‐CVD SiNx / plasma‐polymerized CNx:H multi‐layer films to improve the longevity of passivated OLEDs for automobile applications. The films had high barrier against moisture even at high temperatures, because the thermal stress of the films was released by the soft CNx:H layers and no crack was produced.