gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin Relays Enable Efficient Long-Range Heteronuclear Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (2017)

A systematic experimental study is reported on the polarization transfer to distant spins, which do not directly bind to the polarization transfer complexes employed in Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) experiments. Both, long-range transfer to protons and long-range transfer to heteronuclei i.e. <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N are examined. Selective destruction of hyperpolarization on <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>15</sup>N sites is employed, followed by their re-hyperpolarization from neighboring spins within the molecules of interest (pyridine for <sup>1</sup>H studies and metronidazole-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub> for <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N studies). We conclude that long-range sites can be efficiently hyperpolarized when a network of spin-½ nuclei enables relayed polarization transfer (<i>i.e</i>. via short-range interactions between sites). In case of proton SABRE in the milli-Tesla regime, a relay network consisting of protons only is sufficient. However, in case <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N are targeted (i.e. via SABRE in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei or SABRE-SHEATH experiment), the presence of a heteronuclear network (<i>e.g</i>. consisting of <sup>15</sup>N) enables a relay mechanism that is significantly more efficient than the direct transfer of spin order from <i>para</i>-H<sub>2</sub>-derived hydrides.
A PCM/ADM and ADM/PCM code converter (1979)

In this paper a bidirectional code converter system that converts PCM to ADM and ADM to PCM directly in the digital domain is studied. The particular coding schemes chosen for study are the μ-255 PCM with the rate of 64 kbits/s and the continuously variable slope delta modulation (CVSD) with 32 kbits/s. Efficient realization of the converter hardware is also considered.
Complications of central venous catheters: Internal jugular versus subclavian access—A systematic review (2002)

There are more arterial punctures but less catheter malpositions with the internal jugular compared with the subclavian access. There is no evidence of any difference in the incidence of hemato- or pneumothorax and vessel occlusion. Data on bloodstream infection are scarce. These data are from nonrandomized studies; selection bias cannot be ruled out. In terms of risk, the data most likely represent a best case scenario. For rational decision-making, randomized trials are needed.
Adaptive Quantization for Interlaced Video Coding (2006)

This paper presents an adaptive quantization method by adjusting the rounding offset for scalar quantization adopted in AVS 1.0 part 2 zengqiang profile. The rounding offset is chosen adaptively based on minimum transform coefficients energy difference for quantization, and the transform coefficient energy difference is calculated by the sum of absolute distortion before quantization and after dequantization simply. The proposed adaptive quantization provides up to about 0.3 dB improvement for high bitrate application in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) based on public AVS reference software, with low computational complexity and memory consuming, especially for the interlaced video coding
A Simple and Inexpensive Method For Recycling Used Acetone In Plastination Laboratories (1992)

SUMMARY This paper describes a technique that is cheap, efficient and safe for recycling acetone. We have developed a method that includes three steps: Freeze-separation, vacuum distillation and physical water extraction. It permitted us to re-use acetone with minimal loss by using equipment that we already had in our plastination laboratory with very few additions or modifications. We were able to bring our used acetone up to 99% purity, so we never had to pay for discarding used acetone and we have purchased only a minimal volume of new acetone.
10 Gb/s silicon bipolar 8:1 multiplexer and 1:8 demultiplexer (1993)

High-speed multiplexer and demultiplexer circuits are key components in high-speed optical communication systems such as SONET. As optical communication link speeds increase, faster electronic interface circuitry is required. The use of multiplexer circuits allows most of the electronic circuitry to operate on parallel data at a lower speed, reducing the speed requirements of much of the system. A retimed 8:1 multiplexer and a 1:8 demultiplexer which operate at 10 Gb/s are described. These circuits were fabricated in high-speed silicon bipolar process. Design optimization techniques were used to achieve maximum performance. The retimed multiplexer and the demultiplexer dissipate 3.8 and 4.3 W, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lithium Sulfur Battery: Oxidation/Reduction Mechanisms of Polysulfides in THF Solutions (1988)

The redox processes of at a glassy carbon electrode in THF was studied by programmed cyclic voltammetry in the range of +1300 to −2000 mV (vs. polysulfide reference electrode) at sweep rates of 2–200 mV/s. One anodic and up to three cathodic peaks were detected. The anodic peak seems to result from the oxidation of all PS's through the same intermediate to elemental sulfur. The first cathodic peak is caused by the reduction of all PS to in a diffusion controlled reaction. The second reduction peak most likely arises from the reduction of to . This is apparently preceded by a chemical step. The third reduction peak is caused by the reduction of to or S2− or a mixture of both in a diffusion‐controlled reaction. The high Tafel slope of the third peak apparently results from passivation of the electrode by the precipitation of and .
Using picture books: Concepts (2008)

Hilary White shows you how to use picture books as a starting point for exploring the concepts of ‘shape’, ‘height’ and ‘pattern’.
<title>Test system for micromirror arrays</title> (2000)

Over the last few years, high resolution spatial light modulators (SLMs) have been developed at the IMS Dresden. These are fabricated using one of two different technological processes. In one version a flexible, highly reflecting aluminum coating of about 50nm is evaporated onto a elastic layer, while the other version has quite rigid aluminum mirrors that are suspended by flexible hinges above the substrate. Both versions are fabricated on top of a CMOS DRAM matrix, which allows the addressing of individual pixels. So far SLMs with over 2 million pixels have been produced. In order to ensure a high quality of these SLMs a map of the SLM under test is needed showing the exact position of defective pixels together with the type of defect e.g. not responding, always deflected, wrong spring constant, poorly reflecting surface. Additionally information on the local and global flatness is required. This task can only be handled by an automated test stitching together many single measurements. A test system has bene set up using a white light interferometer. This allows to measure the response of each and every SLM pixel to applied voltages.
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome demonstrates a role for epigenetic control of normal development (2003)

The Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is characterized by somatic overgrowth and a predisposition to pediatric embryonal tumors. It is associated with genetic or epigenetic abnormalities in a cluster of imprinted genes found within a genomic region of approximately one megabase on human chromosome 11p15. Imprinted genes are expressed preferentially or exclusively from either the paternal or maternal allele. The 11p15 region is organized into two imprinted domains in which genomic imprinting is controlled by separate 'imprinting control regions'. Twenty-five to 50% of BWS patients have biallelic rather than monoallelic expression of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene. Another 50% of patients have an epigenetic mutation resulting in loss of imprinting of a transcript called KCNQ1OT1. Each of these genes resides in one of the two imprinted domains that appear to be subject to developmental dysregulation in BWS. In this review, we discuss the insights that the study of BWS have contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms of growth control, oncogenesis and genomic imprinting. Specifically, methylation and chromatin modification may coordinate the expression of closely linked imprinted genes. Finally, we discuss how knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms associated with the early stages of embryogenesis suggest caution in the current debate surrounding assisted reproductive and cloning technologies.
Ontological video annotation and querying system for soccer games (2008)

This paper describes a video annotation and querying system which is capable of semi-automatic annotation of videos from text. The extracted metadata is aligned with the corresponding video segments. This allows users to query videos according to their semantic content. We have chosen soccer domain to demonstrate the use of the system. The soccer videos are very suitable for our framework, since it is easy to find web-cast match reports for soccer games. The annotated videos are stored in MPEG-7 format in an object-oriented database. The keyword-based indexing allows fast retrieval of video segments. The system accepts match reports in Turkish which makes querying in Turkish possible.
Fabrication of nano-structural arrays by channeling pulsed atomic beams through pulsed-laser standing-waves under off-resonant condition (1999)

We show that it is feasible to produce one- and two-dimensional nano-structure arrays by passing microsecond pulsed atomic beams through microsecond laser standing-wave patterns under completely off-resonant condition. This method enables fabrication of vertically heterogeneous nanostructures such as multilayers with one pulsed laser system.
Two Monomers of Yeast Transcription Factor ADRI Bind a Palindromic Sequence Symmetrically to Activate <i>ADH2</i> Expression (1991)

ADR1 is a transcription factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that regulates ADH2 expression through a 22-bp palindromic sequence (UAS1). Size fractionation studies revealed that full-length ADR1 and a truncated ADR1 protein containing the first 229 amino acids, which has the complete DNA-binding domain, ADR1:17-229, exist as monomers in solution. However, two complexes were formed with target DNA-binding sites. UV-cross-linking studies suggested that these two complexes represent one and two molecules of ADR1 bound to DNA. Studies of ADR1 complexes formed with wild-type UAS1, asymmetrically altered UAS1, and one half of UAS1 showed that ADR1 can bind to one half of UAS1 and gives rise to a complex containing one molecule of ADR1. Dimethyl sulfate interference studies were consistent with this interpretation and in addition indicated that purine contact sites in each half of UAS1 were identical. Increasing the distance between the two halves of UAS1 had at most a minor effect of the thermodynamics of formation of the two complexes. These data are more consistent with ADR1 binding as two independent monomers, one to each half of UAS1. However, binding of two ADR1 monomers at UAS1 is apparently essential for transactivation in vivo. Further, we have identified a stretch of 18 amino acid residues amino terminal to the zinc two-finger domains of ADR1 which is essential for DNA-binding activity. Single amino acid substitutions of residues in this region resulted in severely reduced DNA-binding activity.
Co-inheritance of the polymorphic metabolism of encainide and debrisoquin (1986)

O-demethylation of the investigational antiarrhythmic encainide was found to be correlated with the genetically determined hydroxylation of debrisoquin in 20 randomly selected and unrelated subjects and in five members of one family. Extensive metabolizers of debrisoquin had a mean (+/- SD) encainide elimination t1/2 of 1.19 +/- 0.98 hours (range 0.25 to 3.4 hours). Poor metabolizers of debrisoquin (two normal subjects and three family members) had a mean t1/2 of 13.2 +/- 0.73 hours (range 7.8 to 22.4 hours). The elimination rate constant of encainide and the fractional excretion of O-desmethyl encainide in urine were linearly related to the fractional urinary excretion of 4-hydroxy-debrisoquin. Poor metabolizers could be identified after a 50 mg dose of encainide by the fractional excretion of O-desmethyl encainide in urine or the absence of (1) measurable ECG changes or (2) O-desmethyl encainide in plasma. The correlation between excretion of O-desmethyl encainide and 4-hydroxy-debrisoquin suggests that significant numbers of the caucasian population (7% to 9%) are likely to be poor metabolizers of encainide and to have markedly different pharmacokinetics and plasma concentration-response relationships than extensive metabolizers.
Carl Menger and<i>Homo Oeconomicus</i>: Some Thoughts on Austrian Theory and Methodology (1982)

(1982). Carl Menger and Homo Oeconomicus: Some Thoughts on Austrian Theory and Methodology. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 149-160.
Collision Avoidance for Unmanned Aircraft using Markov Decision Processes* (2010)

we investigate the automatic generation of collision avoidance algorithms given models of aircraft dynamics, sensor performance, and intruder behavior. By formulating the problem of collision avoidance as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) for sensors that provide precise localization of the intruder aircraft, or a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) for sensors that have positional uncertainty or limited eld-of-view constraints, generic MDP/POMDP solvers can be used to generate avoidance strategies that optimize a cost function that balances ight-plan deviation with collision. Experimental results demonstrate the suitability of such an approach using four dierent sensor modalities and a parametric aircraft performance model.
Control System for Reactive Power of an Offshore Wind Farm (2010)

Until just a few years ago wind farms where excluded from many of the requirementsthat can be found in grid codes. But as the numbers of wind farms have grown as wellas the sizes of them, the requirements to connect them to the grid have becomemore stringent. In this thesis it has been investigated if it’s possible to design a controlsystem that controls the reactive power from an offshore wind farm, so that the gridcode requirements regarding reactive power are fulfilled. By controlling the reactivepower the dynamic variations in the voltage are decreased. The regulator should alsobe able to help the wind farm to handle the fault conditions that are described in thegrid code.An offshore wind farm outside the coast of Western Europe is now being planned.Data from this wind farm has been used in this thesis. The wind farm has a total of 54wind turbines with more than 300 MW all together. The reactive power is controlledvia the generators and also by disconnecting and connecting four shunt reactors.A model of the wind farm has been built in Simpow, as well as design of the regulator.Simpow is a simulation program developed by ABB that enables simulations of powersystems. Different scenarios have been simulated to see if it is possible to control thewind farm in the desired way. The results show that the wind farm manages to handlefault conditions as described in the grid, and it is also possible to control the reactivepower in a desirable way.
Complex Learning Theory—Its Epistemology and Its Assumptions about Learning: Implications for Physical Education (2008)

Davis and Sumara (2003) argue that differences between commonsense assumptions about learning and those upon which constructivism rests present a significant challenge for the fostering of constructivist approaches to teaching in schools. Indeed, as Rink (2001) suggests, initiating any change process for teaching method needs to involve some understanding of the theories supporting it. Although there has been considerable discussion about constructivism in the physical education literature over the past decade, there has been less attention paid to the assumptions about learning and knowledge that underpin it. This article makes a contribution toward redressing this oversight in the literature by examining the epistemology and assumptions about learning that constructivist theories of learning rest upon. Drawing on the work of Davis and Sumara (2003), I suggest that the term “complex” learning theories may offer a more useful description of the sometimes confusing range of constructivist approaches. I provide examples of, and suggestions for, the application of constructivism in practice and within which the body forms a prominent theme.
Filamentous Carbon Formation over Iron Surfaces (1983)

It is well known that the surface state of a metal can have a profound effect on its ability to catalyze the formation of carbon during a hydrocarbon conversion process. In this work we have examined the effect of oxygen and steam pretreatments of iron surfaces on their ability to catalyze carbon filament formation during reaction of such surfaces with hydrocarbons. Pretreatment of iron in steam at 700°C resulted in the conversion of the metal to FeO, and this oxide was found to be a tremendously active catalyst for carbon filament growth when reacted with acetylene or ethane at 700°C. On the other hand, the activity of Fe2O3, formed by reaction of iron with oxygen, was about the same as that of the metal when treated with these hydrocarbons. From this study it is concluded that the key to the high FeO activity is that it is a precursor for a high surface area Fe catalyst formed in situ. It was also found that Fe3C is not an active catalyst for carbon filament formation.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Mutilayer Films of Polyelectrolytes and Nanoparticles (2006)

We performed molecular dynamics simulations of multilayer assemblies of flexible polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles. The film was constructed by sequential adsorption of oppositely charged polymers and nanoparticles in layer-by-layer fashion from dilute solutions. We have studied multilayer films assembled from oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, oppositely charged nanoparticles, and mixed films containing both nanoparticles and polyelectrolytes. For all studied systems, the multilayer assembly proceeds through surface overcharging after completion of each deposition step. There is almost linear growth in the surface coverage and film thickness. The multilayer films assembled from nanoparticles show better layer stratification but at the same time have higher film roughness than those assembled from flexible polyelectrolytes.
Biosynthetic oxidation and rearrangement of vittatine and its derivatives (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthetic oxidation and rearrangement of vittatine and its derivativesA. I. Feinstein and W. C. WildmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 14, 2447–2450Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00876a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00876a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effects of Estradiol and Estriol on Plasma Levels of Cortisol and Thyroid Hormone-Binding Globulins and on Aldosterone and Cortisol Secretion Rates in Man* (1967)

The effects of estriol and estradiol on the plasma levels of cortisol- and thyroxine-binding globulin activity, and on the secretion rates of aldosterone and cortisol were studied in man. The metabolite estriol had no consistent or significant influence on plasma levels of the hormone-binding globulin activities; the hormone estradiol increased these binding capacities significantly, as expected. Cortisol secretion rate rose slightly after estriol but was unchanged after estradiol. Both compounds induced substantial increases in the aldosterone secretion rate of most treated subjects. The mechanism of this apparently paradoxical effect of estrogens is not clear; it is suggested that the "salt-retaining" action of estrogens is mediated in part by the rapid enhancement of aldosterone output which follows their administration in man. Balance experiments in four subjects suggest that both estradiol and estriol may induce a transient early natriuresis in man; but other mechanisms for estrogen stimulation of aldosterone secretion may be operative as well.
Inhibition of Bacterial Multidrug Resistance by Celecoxib, a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor (2010)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major problem in the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-specific inhibitor celecoxib would not only inhibit COX-2 but also help in the reversal of drug resistance in cancers by inhibiting the MDR1 efflux pump. Here, we demonstrate that celecoxib increases the sensitivity of bacteria to the antibiotics ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin by accumulating the drugs inside the cell, thus reversing MDR in bacteria.
Aneuploid progeny of the American oyster, <i>Crassostrea virginica</i>, produced by tetraploid × diploid crosses: another example of chromosome instability in polyploid oysters (2016)

The commercial production of triploids, and the creation of tetraploid broodstock to support it, has become an important technique in aquaculture of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Tetraploids are produced by cytogenetic manipulation of embryos and have been shown to undergo chromosome loss (to become a mosaic) with unknown consequences for breeding. Our objective was to determine the extent of aneuploidy in triploid progeny produced from both mosaic and non-mosaic tetraploids. Six families of triploids were produced using a single diploid female and crossed with three mosaic and non-mosaic tetraploid male oysters. A second set of crosses was performed with the reciprocals. Chromosome counts of the resultant embryos were tallied at 2-4 cell stage and as 6-hour(h)-old embryos. A significant level of aneuploidy was observed in 6-h-old embryos. For crosses using tetraploid males, aneuploidy ranged from 53% to 77% of observed metaphases, compared to 36% in the diploid control. For crosses using tetraploid females, 51%-71% of metaphases were aneuploidy versus 53% in the diploid control. We conclude that somatic chromosome loss may be a regular feature of early development in triploids, and perhaps polyploid oysters in general. Other aspects of chromosome loss in polyploid oysters are also discussed.