gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microsharding (2012)

The paper proposes microsharding, a relational alternative for the recent procedural approaches with large-scale data stores to support OLTP workloads elastically. It employs a declarative specification, called transaction classes, of constraints applied on the transactions in a workload. The declarative specification enables a principled approach to design and analyze OLTP workloads. We discuss the current framework as well as identify research directions.
Construction of a Gene Screening System Using Giant Unilamellar Liposomes and a Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter (2012)

We have constructed a gene screening system composed of an in vitro transcription-translation system encapsulated within giant unilamellar liposomes and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), which allows high-throughput screening of genes encoding proteins of interest. A mock gene library of β-glucuronidase (GUS) was compartmentalized into liposomes at the single-molecule level, and liposomes exhibiting green fluorescence derived from hydrolysis of the fluorogenic substrate by the synthesized enzyme were sorted using FACS. More than 10-fold enrichment of GUS gene with higher catalytic activity was obtained when a single copy of the GUS gene was encapsulated in each liposome. Quantitative analysis of the enrichment factors and their liposome size dependencies showed that experimentally obtained and theoretical values were in agreement. Using this method, genes encoding active GUS were then enriched from a gene library of randomly mutated GUS genes. Only three rounds of screening were required, which was also consistent with our theoretical estimation.
Benzodiazepine-induced inhibition of human malignant melanoma (M-6) cell growth. (1996)

Since benzodiazepines (BZs) have been shown to inhibit the growth of some cell lines, the effects of these drugs on human melanoma (M-6) cell growth were examined. Cell growth was measured by the tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay or the Hoechst 33258 DNA assay. Diazepam, a non-selective BZ agonist, and Ro5-4864, a peripheral-type agonist, inhibited M-6 cell proliferation by 36% and 55% with EC50s of 139 microM and 107 microM respectively, after four days of treatment in culture. The central-type agonists, clonazepam and flunitrazepam, were ineffective. The antiproliferative effect of diazepam was partially reversed by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Neither PK 11195, a peripheral-type BZ receptor antagonist, nor flumazenil a central-type antagonist, blocked the effect of diazepam, indicating that these BZ receptors are not involved. The effect of PMA suggests that the antiproliferative effect of the BZs may involve inhibition of a calcium/protein kinase C-related pathway in M-6 cells.
An improved synthesis of 10,11‐didehydro <i>Cinchona</i> alkaloids (2007)

A revised procedure for the conversion of the four major Cinchona alkaloids (quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, and cinchonine) into their respective 10,11-didehydro derivatives is described. The reported protocol offers several advantages over a recently published synthetic route. These include (i) enhanced robustness (ii) ready scalability (iii) reduced operational complexity and number of steps (iv) chromatography-free work-up. In addition, toxic solvents were replaced by environmentally less problematic alternatives.
Inhibition of IκB phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (2004)

Inhibition of nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB by IkappaBalpha phosphorylation blockade could provide an effective approach to attenuation of ischemia/reperfusion injury. The cardioprotective effects of IMD-0354 include not only reduction of harmful neutrophil accumulation in myocardium but also inhibition of harmful cytokine and chemokine production by cardiomyocytes.
Rapid Response Thermopiles* (1946)

A technique has been developed for the evaporation of bismuth and of antimony upon thin cellulose nitrate so that the metals have comparatively low electrical resistivities and comparatively high thermal e.m.f.’s. A procedure has been developed for making bismuth-antimony radiation thermopiles in which units of 50 thermal junctions have a receiving area of ~0.11 cm2 and a resistance of ~70 ohms. These units are called “folded thermopiles.” The response of several folded thermopiles of different design operated at atmospheric pressure has been studied over a range of frequencies. The “folded” thermopiles are faster than any thermopiles reported heretofore, yet the response is greater for all frequencies above 5 cycles per second than for evaporated thermocouples operated in a vacuum. The thermopiles are rugged, relatively free of microphonics, and show very little noise in addition to “Johnson noise.”
Conversion of α-Haloaldehydes into Acylating Agents by an Internal Redox Reaction Catalyzed by Nucleophilic Carbenes (2004)

Reactivity umpolung allows us to consider nontraditional bond disconnections. We report herein that treatment of an alpha-haloaldehyde with a nucleophile in the presence of catalytic amounts of nucleophilic carbenes results in an internal redox reaction giving rise to a dehalogenated acylating agent as an intermediate by a new reaction manifold. A brief illustration of the scope of this reaction is presented along with evidence supporting the direct intervention of the carbene in the acylation step.
Stabilization control of biped locomotion robot based learning with GAs having self-adaptive mutation and recurrent neural networks (2002)

The purpose of this research is to generate natural motion of the biped locomotion robot such as the walking of a human in various environments. In this paper, we propose a method of stable motion generation of a biped locomotion robot. We apply the control of this proposed method with eight force sensors at the soles of the biped locomotion robot. The zero moment point (ZMP) is a well known index of stability in walking robots. ZMP is determined by the configuration of the robots. However, there are many configurations against the ZMP. Because of that, when we use ZMP as the stabilization index, we must select the best configuration in many stability configurations. Then it is a problem of which configurations are selected. In this paper, we solve the problem with recurrent neural networks. In both the single support and double support periods, we calculate the position of ZMP by using values from four force sensors at each sole, and actuation joints and the angles can be determined by recurrent neural networks without ZMP moving out from the supporting area of sole. We employ the recurrent neural networks with genetic algorithms for learning capability and self-adaptive mutation operator. Further, we build a biped locomotion robot in trial, which has 13 joints and verified that the calculated stable motion trajectory can be successfully applied to the practical biped locomotion.
Floorplan design using distributed genetic algorithms (2003)

A distributed algorithm for solving the floorplan design problem, called a genetic algorithm with punctuated equilibria (GAPE), is presented. Implementation details and the results of empirical studies are presented. The experiments have demonstrated that GAPE performs consistently better than a recently published simulated annealing approach, with respect to both the average cost of the solutions found and the best solution found.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cisplatin hydration with and without mannitol diuresis in refractory disseminated malignant melanoma: a southwest oncology group study. (1982)

In a prospective phase II randomized trial, a dose of 100 mg/m2 iv cisplatin every 3 weeks plus forced hydration with or without mannitol diuresis was tested in patients with previously treated advanced malignant melanoma. A total of 67 patients were evaluated: 33 not given mannitol and 34 in the mannitol arm. Two partial remissions (of 2+ and 6.5 months) were achieved in the no-mannitol arm and one complete response and four partial responses (of 1, 2, 2.5, 5.5, and 8 months) were seen in the mannitol arm. Moderate, severe, and life-threatening renal toxicity was less in the mannitol arm, and patients tolerated more doses of cisplatin. The renal toxicity occurred mostly after the first dose of chemotherapy and did not seem to be cumulative. Other side effects were comparable in both arms. We concluded that renal toxicity is less severe in patients treated with cisplatin, hydration, and mannitol and that the use of cisplatin alone or in combination with other active agent(s) should be considered for further evaluation in previously untreated patients with malignant melanoma.
Possible New Anti-Inflammatory Agent (1999)

Mammalian cells generate superoxide radicals when they convert food into energy or when they fight microbes, but excessive amounts of these highly reactive molecules are cellular killers. They contribute to the tissue damage in many inflammatory conditions, including arthritis, and to the “reperfusion” injury that occurs when blood flow is reestablished to tissues that have had their supply cut off—when clot-busting drugs are used to treat a heart attack or stroke, for example. Now, clinicians may have a new weapon to counter superoxide's damaging effects.
A Multi-Mode ΣΔ Analog-to-Digital Converter for GSM, UMTS and WLAN (2005)

The paper presents a multi-mode analog-to-digital converter suited for wireless receivers that can handle GSM, UMTS and WLAN standards. The converter is based on a cascaded /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ architecture, whose wide range of programmability of input frequency and dynamic range descends from modulator order programmability. The converter is fully integrated in a low-cost technology, i.e. a 0.35 /spl mu/m standard CMOS. Extensive system and transistor level simulations prove a dynamic range of 94 dB, 79 dB and 68 dB in GSM, UMTS and WLAN modes respectively, while the worst case power consumption is 128 mW.
Quaternary Ammonium Salts of Heterocyclic Bases (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuaternary Ammonium Salts of Heterocyclic BasesD. R. Smith, M. Maienthal, and R. L. EifertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 6, 2964–2965Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01150a537https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01150a537research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LT codes-based secure and reliable cloud storage service (2012)

With the increasing adoption of cloud computing for data storage, assuring data service reliability, in terms of data correctness and availability, has been outstanding. While redundancy can be added into the data for reliability, the problem becomes challenging in the “pay-as-you-use” cloud paradigm where we always want to efficiently resolve it for both corruption detection and data repair. Prior distributed storage systems based on erasure codes or network coding techniques have either high decoding computational cost for data users, or too much burden of data repair and being online for data owners. In this paper, we design a secure cloud storage service which addresses the reliability issue with near-optimal overall performance. By allowing a third party to perform the public integrity verification, data owners are significantly released from the onerous work of periodically checking data integrity. To completely free the data owner from the burden of being online after data outsourcing, this paper proposes an exact repair solution so that no metadata needs to be generated on the fly for repaired data. The performance analysis and experimental results show that our designed service has comparable storage and communication cost, but much less computational cost during data retrieval than erasure codes-based storage solutions. It introduces less storage cost, much faster data retrieval, and comparable communication cost comparing to network coding-based distributed storage systems.
Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the sfs1 gene: sfs1 is involved in CRP*-dependent mal gene expression in Escherichia coli (1991)

We have cloned at least 12 different Escherichia coli genes which enable strain MK2001 to use maltose. The genes were designated sfs1 through sfs12 (sugar fermentation stimulation). Previously, one (sfs7) of them was mapped at 65 min on the E. coli chromosome and identified as nlp, which has high homology to repressor protein (Ner) of Mu phage, which contains a putative DNA binding region (Y.-L. Choi, T. Nishida, M. Kawamukai, R. Utsumi, H. Sakai, and T. Komano, J. Bacteriol. 171:5222-5225, 1989). In this study, another gene (sfs1) located at 3.5 min was newly found and analyzed. The nucleotide sequence of sfs1 encoded a protein of 234 amino acids (molecular mass, 26,227 Da) which also has a putative DNA binding domain. Overexpression of the sfs1 gene in MK2001 resulted in a 10-fold increase of amylomaltase, which was still dependent on MalT. These results suggest that Sfs1 could be a new regulatory factor involved in maltose metabolism.
The Olympus synthesis system (1990)

A description is given of the Olympus synthesis system for digital design, a vertically integrated set of tools for multilevel synthesis, technology mapping, and simulation. The system includes behavioral, structural, and logic synthesis tools, and provides technology mapping and simulation. Since it is targeted for semicustom implementations, its output is in terms of gate netlists. Instead of supporting placement and routing tools, Olympus provides an interface to standard physical design tools. The system supports the synthesis of ASICs (application specific integrated circuits) from behavioral descriptions written in a hardware description language called HardwareC. Two internal models represent the hardware at different levels of abstraction and provide a way to pass design information among different tools. Olympus has been used to design three ASIC chips, and has been tested against benchmark circuits for high-level and logic synthesis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Efficient Video Enhancement Method Using LA*B* Analysis (2006)

In this paper, an efficient technique is proposed for real-time enhancement of video containing inconsistent and complex conditions like nonuniform and insufficient lighting. Beyond providing digital tools for video enhancement, this method provides a better approach to enhance a video in low lighting conditions without any loss of color information. This approach is based on histogram manipulations on La*b* color model of the video frame. This algorithm provides an effective way for video enhancement with simple computational procedures, which makes real-time enhancement for homeland security application successfully realized. Simulation is done on videos taken under bad lighting conditions and results are presented.
Parallel PSO using MapReduce (2007)

In optimization problems involving large amounts of data, such as web content, commercial transaction information, or bioinformatics data, individual function evaluations may take minutes or even hours. particle swarm optimization (PSO) must be parallelized for such functions. However, large-scale parallel programs must communicate efficiently, balance work across all processors, and address problems such as failed nodes. We present mapreduce particle swarm optimization (MRPSO), a PSO implementation based on the mapreduce parallel programming model. We describe MapReduce and show how PSO can be naturally expressed in this model, without explicitly addressing any of the details of parallelization. We present a benchmark function for evaluating MRPSO and note that MRPSO is not appropriate for optimizing easily evaluated functions. We demonstrate that MRPSO scales to 256 processors on moderately difficult problems and tolerates node failures.
The MUC gene family: their role in diagnosis and early detection of pancreatic cancer. (2003)

The early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, as well as distinguishing between chronic pancreatitis and malignant pancreatic disease, remains still a clinical problem. Presently, there is no specific tumor marker for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. Mucin-associated marker like CA 19-9 are the most widely available pancreatic cancer tumor marker, but its value as a screening marker is limited by its reduced specificity. Mucins (MUCs) are heavily glycosylated, high molecular weight glycoproteins with an aberrant expression profile in various malignancies. This review considers briefly the potential use of the mucin expression pattern in diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasm. The overview will point out the present knowledge about changes in the mucin gene expression in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs) as precursor lesions and in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, compared to normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis and the potential role for differentiating chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer.Furthermore, the potential use of MUCs in the diagnosis and differentiation of intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm's (IPMNs) will be discussed.
Integrating support vector machines in a hierarchical output space decomposition framework (2004)

This paper presents a new approach called Hierarchical Support Vector Machines (HSVM), to address multiclass problems. The method solves a series of maxcut problems to hierarchically and recursively partition the set of classes into two-subsets, till pure leaf nodes that have only one class label, are obtained. The SVM is applied at each internal node to construct the discriminant function for a binary metaclass classifier. Because maxcut unsupervised decomposition uses distance measures to investigate the natural class groupings. HSVM has a fast and intuitive SVM training process that requires little tuning and yields both high accuracy levels and good generalization. The HSVM method was applied to Hyperion hyperspectral data collected over the Okavango Delta of Botswana. Classification accuracies and generalization capability are compared to those achieved by the Best Basis Binary Hierarchical Classifier, a Random Forest CART binary decision tree classifier and Binary Hierarchical Support Vector Machines.
Growth factors in the treatment of early osteoarthritis (2013)

Regenerative medicine is the science that studies the regeneration of biological tissues obtained through use of cells, with the aid of support structures and with biomolecules such as growth factors. As regards the growth factors the PRP, or the platelet-rich plasma, obtained from a withdrawal of autologous blood, concentrating the platelets, represents a safe, economical, easy to prepare and easy to apply source of growth factors. Numerous growth factors are in fact within the platelets and in particular a large number of them have a specific activity on neo-proliferation, on cartilage regeneration and in particular also an antiapoptotic effect on chondroblasts: - The PDGF which regulates the secretion and synthesis of collagen;- The EGF that causes cellular proliferation, endothelial chemotaxis and angiogenesis;- The VEGF that increases angiogenesis and vascular permeability;- The TGF-beta that stimulates the proliferation of undifferentiated MSC, stimulates chemotaxis of endothelial cells and angiogenesis;- The bFGF that promotes the growth and differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts stimulates mitogenesis of mesenchymal cells, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. These properties have led to the development of studies that evaluated the efficacy of treatment of infiltrations in the knee and hip with platelet-derived growth factors. Regarding the knee it was demonstrated that in patients with moderate degree of gonarthrosis, the PRP is able to significantly reduce the pain and improve joint function, both on placebo and towards infiltrations with hyaluronic acid. The success of the treatment was proportional to the age of and inversely proportional to the severity of osteoarthritis according to Kellgren and Lawrence classification. The possibility of infiltrations guided with ultrasound into the hip led us to extend the indications also to hip arthrosis, as already showed by Sanchez. Even in coxarthrosis preliminary results at 6 and 12 months show that a cycle of 3 infiltrations of PRP has significantly decreased the pain and increased range of motion and joint function.
Supercomputer applications in computational fluid dynamics (2003)

The field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using large-scale supercomputer applications is discussed. Formulational and computational requirements for the various governing equations, including the Euler and Navier-Stokes approaches, are examined for typical problems including the viscous flow field solution about a complete aerospace vehicle. Recent computed results and experimental comparisons are given to highlight the presentation. The future of CFD associated with three-dimensional applications is found to be rapidly expanding across a broad front, including internal and external flows and flows across the entire speed regime.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Host-Parasite Relationships in Experimental Airborne Tuberculosis. VI. Influence of Vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guerin on the Onset andIor Extent of Hematogenous Dissemination of Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the Lungs (1977)

Guinea pigs vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and unvaccinated guinea pigs were challenged by the respiratory route six weeks or six months after vaccination and sacrificed at various intervals after challenge. The six lobes of the lung were cultured separately, and the percentage of culture-positive lobes was calculated, as well as the log10 number of virulent bacilli recovered. The latter was subjected to an analysis of variance, which compared the fate of bacilli in the four largest lobes with the fate of those in the two smallest lobes. The results indicated no difference between the six-week and six-month intervals between vaccination and challenge. In the longer intervals between challenge and sacrifice, small numbers of secondary lesions could be seen on the lobes of the BCG-vaccinated animals. It was concluded that vaccination with BCG retarded the onset and/or reduced the extent of hematogenous dissemination of virulent mycobacteria to the lungs.