gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutralization of Shiga Toxins Stx1, Stx2c, and Stx2e by Recombinant Bacteria Expressing Mimics of Globotriose and Globotetraose (2001)

Strains of Escherichia coli producing Shiga toxins Stx1, Stx2, Stx2c, and Stx2d cause gastrointestinal disease and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans. We have recently constructed a recombinant bacterium which displays globotriose (the receptor for these toxins) on its surface and adsorbs and neutralizes these Shiga toxins with very high efficiency. This agent has great potential for the treatment of humans with such infections. E. coli strains which cause edema disease in pigs produce a variant toxin, Stx2e, which has a different receptor specificity from that for the other members of the Stx family. We have now modified the globotriose-expressing bacterium such that it expresses globotetraose (the preferred receptor for Stx2e) by introducing additional genes encoding a N-acetylgalactosamine transferase and a UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-4-epimerase. This bacterium had a reduced capacity to neutralize Stx1 and Stx2c in vitro, but remarkably, its capacity to bind Stx2e was similar to that of the globotriose-expressing construct; both constructs neutralized 98.4% of the cytotoxicity in lysates of E. coli JM109 expressing cloned stx2e. These data suggest that either globotriose- or globotetraose-expressing constructs may be suitable for treatment and/or prevention of edema disease in pigs.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells Are Resistant to the Apoptotic Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-β (1997)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia of the western world and is characterized by a slowly progressing accumulation of clonal CD5+ B cells. Our laboratory has investigated the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the pathogenesis of B-cell expansion in CLL. In vitro addition of TGF-beta did not increase spontaneous apoptosis of B cells from most CLL patients, as determined using the TUNEL method, compared with a twofold increase observed in cultures of normal B cells. There was similar expression of TGF-beta type II receptors on both CLL B cells and normal B cells. In contrast to apoptosis, CLL B-cell proliferation was variably inhibited with addition of TGF-beta. In vitro addition of IL-4, previously reported to promote CLL B-cell survival, dramatically reduced spontaneous apoptosis of CLL B cells compared with normal B cells. CLL B-cell expression of IL-4 receptors was increased compared to normal B cells. Thus, our results show aberrant apoptotic responses of CLL B cells to TGF-beta and IL-4, perhaps contributing to the relative expansion of the neoplastic clone.
Gate Bias and Length Dependences of Total Ionizing Dose Effects in InGaAs FinFETs on Bulk Si (2019)

We evaluate the total ionizing dose (TID) responses of InGaAs nMOS FinFETs with different gate lengths irradiated with 10-keV X-rays under different gate biases. The largest degradation after irradiation occurs at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> = -1 V. Radiation-induced trapped positive charge dominates the TID response of InGaAs FinFET transistors, consistent with previous results for InGaAs multifin capacitors. Shorter gate-length devices show larger radiation-induced charge trapping than longer gate-length devices, most likely due to the electrostatic effects of trapped charge in the surrounding SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> isolation and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> spacer oxides. The 1/f noise measurements indicate a high trap density and a nonuniform defect-energy distribution, consistent with a strong variation of effective border-trap density with surface potential.
Integrin subunit expression by human osteoblasts and osteoclasts <i>in situ</i> and in culture (1992)

The extracellular matrix may be considered as an insoluble local mediator which plays an important role in regulating cell function. Communication between the cell and its matrix occurs via the integrins, a family of transmembrane proteins composed of non-covalently linked alpha and beta subunits. The aim of this study was to establish which integrins are present on human bone cells in situ and in culture, using cryostat sections of undecalcified human bone, osteoclastoma tissue and cultured human osteoblasts. Integrin subunit expression was identified indirectly using alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase conjugates and FITC-labelled secondary antibodies. Subunits expressed by cultured human osteoblast-like cells were then quantified by FACS analysis. Staining patterns observed in situ show that osteoblasts and osteoclasts possess different integrin subunits. Osteoblasts primarily express alpha 1, alpha 3 and beta 1 and weakly express alpha 2. Osteoclasts express alpha 2, alpha V, beta 1 and beta 3. Subunits alpha 4, alpha 5, alpha 6, alpha L, alpha M and beta 2 were not expressed by either of these cell types. Expression of beta 1 by all cells of the osteoblastic lineage was constitutive, but alpha 1 and alpha 3 subunits were expressed by osteoblasts actively synthesizing bone and some of the osteoblast lining cells. All integrin subunits identified on osteoblasts in situ were maintained on culture but there was an increased expression of alpha 2 and alpha V subunits were weakly positive. Expression of alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha V and beta 1 subunits was independent of cell density but expression of alpha 1 was much greater in confluent cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Machining and Related Properties of Aspen (1947)

Aspen occupies 20 million acres of Lake States timber land, or 39 percent of the total forest area. In 1945 there were 6 1/3 billion feet of aspen saw timber 9 inches d.b.h. and larger, and a larger cubic volume of smaller material. The cut of aspen lumber was 152 million board feet in 1946, and the forest could sustain a much larger annual cut.
Team-level programming of drone sensor networks (2014)

Autonomous drones are a powerful new breed of mobile sensing platform that can greatly extend the capabilities of traditional sensing systems. Unfortunately, it is still non-trivial to coordinate multiple drones to perform a task collaboratively. We present a novel programming model called team-level programming that can express collaborative sensing tasks without exposing the complexity of managing multiple drones, such as concurrent programming, parallel execution, scaling, and failure recovering. We create the Voltron programming system to explore the concept of team-level programming in active sensing applications. Voltron offers programming constructs to create the illusion of a simple sequential execution model while still maximizing opportunities to dynamically re-task the drones as needed. We implement Voltron by targeting a popular aerial drone platform, and evaluate the resulting system using a combination of real deployments, user studies, and emulation. Our results indicate that Voltron enables simpler code and produces marginal overhead in terms of CPU, memory, and network utilization. In addition, it greatly facilitates implementing correct and complete collaborative drone applications, compared to existing drone programming systems.
Quantitation of 6-, 8- and 10-Gingerols and 6-Shogaol in Human Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection. (2010)

Zingiber officinale is one of the most commonly used spices. We developed a method to determine the main pungent ginger constituents, 6-, 8- and 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol in human plasma. Quantitation was achieved using a reversed-phase C(18) column using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The assay was linear from 0.1 to 5.0 μg/mL. The within-day coefficients of variation for the assay at 5.0 μg/mL were ≤ 5% for all analytes. The recovery of all four analytes was ≥99% for at 5.0 μg/mL. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.1 μg/mL except for 10-gingerol which was 0.25 μg/mL. Currently, there is no analytical method for detecting pungent ginger constituents in human plasma. This HPLC method allows for the detection of all four of ginger's pungent constituents simultaneously in a relatively short run time of 25 minutes. This method should be useful for determining plasma levels of 6-, 8-, 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol in phase I clinical trials.
Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of a novel polyurethane containing cyanovinylthiophene with enhanced thermal stability of dipole alignment for electro‐optic applications (2009)

Abstract Stabilization of electrically induced dipole alignment is one of the important criteria in the development of nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers for electro‐optic device applications. Polyurethanes for NLO applications have attracted attention because of their high thermal stability due to hydrogen bonding. In the work reported here, we designed and synthesized a new type of NLO polyurethane, in which the pendant NLO chromophores are part of the polymer backbone. This mid‐type NLO polymer is expected to have the merits of both main‐chain and side‐chain NLO polymers, namely stable dipole alignment and good solubility. 1‐[3,4‐Di‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]‐2‐(2‐thienyl)ethene was prepared and condensed with 3,3′‐dimethoxy‐4,4′‐biphenylenediisocyanate to yield a polyurethane. This polyurethane was reacted with tetracyanoethylene to give a novel Y‐type polyurethane (7) containing 1‐(3,4‐dioxyphenyl)‐2‐[5‐(1,2,2‐tricyanovinyl)‐2‐thienyl]ethenes as NLO chromophores, which constitute part of the polymer backbone. Polyurethane 7 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N , N ‐dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. It shows a thermal stability up to 280 °C from thermogravimetric analysis with a glass transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of ca 162 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient ( d 33 ) of a poled polymer film of he polyurethane at 1560 nm fundamental wavelength is ca 1.11 × 10 −18 C. Polymer 7 exhibits an enhanced thermal stability and no significant SHG decay is observed below 150 °C, which is acceptable for NLO device applications. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermosensitive Liposomes Modified with Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide-<i>co</i>-propylacrylic acid) Copolymers for Triggered Release of Doxorubicin (2010)

A novel polymer-modified thermosensitive liposome (pTSL) was developed for the delivery of Doxorubicin (DOX) for cancer therapy. Copolymers containing temperature-responsive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and pH-responsive propylacrylic acid (PAA) were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, yielding copolymers with dual pH/temperature-dependent phase transition properties. When attached to liposomes, these copolymers were membrane-disruptive in a pH/temperature-dependent manner. pTSL demonstrated enhanced release profile and significantly lower thermal dose threshold when compared to traditional thermosensitive formulations and were stable in serum with minimal drug leakage over time. These liposomes thus have the potential to dramatically reduce the risk of damage to healthy tissues that is normally associated with liposomal cancer therapy.
Interaction of HIV-1 Tat with Pur? in nuclei of human glial cells: Characterization of RNA-mediated protein-protein binding (2000)

A complex between the Tat protein, encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and the cellular protein, Puralpha, has been implicated in activation of the late promoter of JC virus (JCV) and in enhancement of JCV DNA replication. JCV is the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) opportunistic infection of the brain. Puralpha also binds the HIV-1 TAR RNA element and activates HIV-1 transcription, suggesting a role for RNA binding in the action of this protein. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we find that in human glial cells expressing both proteins, Tat and Puralpha are colocalized in extranucleolar chromatin structural elements. The colocalized Puralpha and Tat are nearly exclusively nuclear, although individual proteins can be seen in both nucleus and cytoplasm, suggesting a preferential tropism of the complex for the nucleus. Analysis of the interaction between purified proteins indicates that the Tat-Puralpha interaction is strongly enhanced by the presence of RNA. Tat amino acids from 37-48 are essential for Tat binding. Residues 49-72, including the TAR RNA-binding domain, are critical for binding to Puralpha, while Cys(22), in the Tat transactivation domain, is responsible for an important global effect. Puralpha repeat II domains are involved in the interaction, and a polypeptide based on one such sequence inhibits binding. After RNase treatment of Puralpha enhancement of Tat binding can be partially restored by addition of a single-stranded JCV DNA PUR element, to which Tat does not bind. The results indicate that the Tat-Puralpha interaction is direct, rather than through an RNA link, and that RNA binding configures Puralpha for optimal interaction with Tat.
CRISPR/Cas9-Derived Mutations Both Inhibit HIV-1 Replication and Accelerate Viral Escape (2016)

Cas9 cleaves specific DNA sequences with the assistance of a programmable single guide RNA (sgRNA). Repairing this broken DNA by the cell's error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) machinery leads to insertions and deletions (indels) that often impair DNA function. Using HIV-1, we have now demonstrated that many of these indels are indeed lethal for the virus, but that others lead to the emergence of replication competent viruses that are resistant to Cas9/sgRNA. This unexpected contribution of Cas9 to the development of viral resistance is facilitated by some indels that are not deleterious for viral replication, but that are refractory to recognition by the same sgRNA as a result of changing the target DNA sequences. This observation illustrates two opposite outcomes of Cas9/sgRNA action, i.e., inactivation of HIV-1 and acceleration of viral escape, thereby potentially limiting the use of Cas9/sgRNA in HIV-1 therapy.
Interferon production by leukocytes infiltrating the lungs of mice during primary influenza virus infection (1982)

Lung fluids and leukocytes were obtained from unprimed C3H mice by transpleural lavage at intervals after infection with influenza A/Hong Kong/68 virus and were tested for interferon activity. Lavage fluid interferon titers correlated directly with lung virus titers and with initial increases in leukocyte yields from infected lungs. In contrast to cultured lymph node cells from infected animals or leukocytes from lungs of uninfected mice, washed leukocytes obtained from the lungs of mice infected 2 to 6 days earlier produced interferon spontaneously in culture. The physiochemical, biological, and antigenic properties of both the interferon in lavage fluids and that produced by lung lavage leukocytes were similar and characteristics of alpha interferon. Fractionation studies indicated that macrophages and T lymphocytes were primarily responsible for the interferon produced in culture. The early presence and significant numbers of interferon-producing leukocytes in infected lungs suggests that these cells have an early role in defense against influenza virus infection.
A robust environment for simulation and testing of adaptive control for mini-UAVs (2009)

A simulation environment is developed to assist in the design, development, and validation of complex controllers with applications to mini-UAVs, such as the four-rotor DraganFly RC helicopter (quadrotor). The simulation system is modular and includes interfaces which allow for substitution of software subsystems with hardware components. This approach enables a smooth transition from the design and simulation phases to the implementation phase. The benefits of the proposed simulation environment are examined through the application of model reference adaptive control to a quadrotor UAV in the presence of actuator uncertainties and nonlinearities.
Performance Variability of La(Sr)FeO[sub 3] SOFC Cathode with Pt, Ag, and Au Current Collectors (2005)

This investigation details relatively short-term performance characteristics (in particular cathode conditioning and degradation) of anode-supported SOFCs utilizing cathodes with platinum, silver, or gold current collectors. Conditioning or degradation characteristics were found to be highly dependant on the current collector used. An additional area of study considered transient cell behavior following rest periods at open-circuit voltage (OCV, zero current). Three types of behavior were observed; (i) decreased performance after OCV hold, (ii) increased performance after OCV hold, and (iii) no discernible change. The type of transient behavior was found to be dependent on the noble metal current collector utilized and the time at which the transient behavior was assessed. Longer testing times indicated more pronounced transient characteristics.
Gas chromatographic determination of water after reaction with triethyl orthoformate (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas chromatographic determination of water after reaction with triethyl orthoformateJian. Chen and James S. FritzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 18, 2016–2020Publication Date (Print):September 15, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00018a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00018a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views363Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Safeguards Envelope Progress FY09 (2009)

The Safeguards Envelope is a strategy to determine a set of specific operating parameters which nuclear facilities may operate within to maximize safeguards effectiveness without sacrificing safety or plant efficiency. This paper details advanced statistical techniques will be applied to real plant process monitoring (PM) data from the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP). As a result of the U.S. having no operating nuclear chemical reprocessing plants, there has been a strong interest in obtaining process monitoring data from the ICPP. The ICPP was shut down in 1996 and a recent effort has been made to retrieve the PM data from storage in a data mining effort. In a simulation based on this data, multi-tank and multi-attribute correlations were tested against synthetic diversion scenarios. Kernel regression smoothing was used to fit a curve to the historical data, and multivariable, residual analysis and cumulative sum techniques set parameters for operating conditions. Diversion scenarios were created and tested, showing improved results when compared with a previous study utilizing only one-variable Z- testing7.
Superselective retrograde lymphatic duct embolization for management of postoperative lymphatic leak (2017)

Lymphatic leak is a well-documented complication following neck dissection surgeries. When conservative methods fail to control the leak, thoracic duct embolization becomes an option. Transabdominal access is the standard for this procedure; however, it is not always feasible. We discuss a technique of selective lymphatic vessel embolization utilizing retrograde transvenous access.
Reliable Localization Systems Including GNSS Bias Correction (2010)

In this chapter, we have presented a method to improve localization systems based to data association with GNSS receiver. This method increases the precision and the reliability of localization based on an Kalman filter. It consists to take care the characteristics of GNSS error. This error is an unpredictive stochastic process and it drifts the estimated position which is calculated by a Kalman Filter. The developed idea is to establish a prediction model of GNSS bias and to insert it in the localization system so as to modify the observation error from low-cost GNSS receiver to zero-mean, white, Gaussian noise. We have seen a possible model of GNSS error is Autoregressive process. We have determined its parameters and its order. Then, we have shown how this model is inserted in the Kalman Filter. However, the bias estimation needs to have sometimes absolute data (position of landmark of the environment) coming from exteroceptive sensors. To do that we propose to use a multi-sensor system (Tessier, Debain, Chapuis & Chausse, 2007) in which landmarks detection is given by autonomous entities called "perceptive agents". The main weakness of this multi-agent fusion system is about the focusing process and the measure of the accuracy of the estimated vehicle's pose. Thanks to numerous experiments we noticed a strong robustness and a good accuracy of the guidance process allowing using it at high speed even in an environment with lots of elements like trees or buildings.
Evidence for Central Regulation of Glucose Metabolism (2013)

Evidence for central regulation of glucose homeostasis is accumulating from both animal and human studies. Central nutrient and hormone sensing in the hypothalamus appears to coordinate regulation of whole body metabolism. Central signals activate ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, thereby down-regulating glucose production, likely through vagal efferent signals. Recent human studies are consistent with this hypothesis. The contributions of direct and central inputs to metabolic regulation are likely of comparable magnitude, with somewhat delayed central effects and more rapid peripheral effects. Understanding central regulation of glucose metabolism could promote the development of novel therapeutic approaches for such metabolic conditions as diabetes mellitus.
Sucrose phosphorylase as cross‐linked enzyme aggregate: Improved thermal stability for industrial applications (2010)

Sucrose phosphorylase is an interesting biocatalyst that can glycosylate a variety of small molecules using sucrose as a cheap but efficient donor substrate. The low thermostability of the enzyme, however, limits its industrial applications, as these are preferably performed at 60°C to avoid microbial contamination. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of the sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis were found to have a temperature optimum that is 17°C higher than that of the soluble enzyme. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme displays an exceptional thermostability, retaining all of its activity after 1 week incubation at 60°C. Recycling of the biocatalyst allows its use in at least ten consecutive reactions, which should dramatically increase the commercial potential of its glycosylating activity.