gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimetastatic activity of ganetespib: Preclinical studies and assessment of progressions due to new lesions in the GALAXY-1 NSCLC trial. (2013)

e19097 Background: Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) maintains the stability and activity of numerous signaling proteins involved in metastasis including FAK (tumor cell adhesion), MET and MMP9 (cell motility), VEGFR and PDGFR (angiogenesis), and HIF-1α (metabolism, proliferation, motility, angiogenesis). In the GALAXY–1 trial in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, docetaxel (D) plus ganetespib (G), an Hsp90 inhibitor, showed encouraging improvement in overall survival compared to D alone. We evaluated the antimetastatic activity of ganetespib in preclinical models, and compared radiological disease progression due to new lesion formation in the two arms of the GALAXY–1 trial. Methods: Effects of ganetespib were investigated on the: (1) migration of cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions via scratch assay, (2) expression of metastatic signaling factors using immunoblotting and reverse phase array, (3) architecture of NSCLC tumor xenografts including micro-vasculature, hypoxia, and apoptosis by immunostaining, and (4) metastasis to the lung in both tail vein and orthotopic breast cancer in vivo mouse models. In the GALAXY–1 trial, development of new metastatic lesions was evaluated using serial computed tomography scans. Results: In vitro, ganetespib blocked the migration of cancer cells and reduced the expression of key drivers of metastasis including P-AKT, FAK, HER2, IGF-1R, MET, HIF-1α, and VEGF. In vivo, ganetespib significantly reduced tumor angiogenesis and proliferation. In patients, in the population in the GALAXY–1 trial that exhibited the strongest survival improvement (diagnosis of advanced disease >6 months, N=175), radiologic progressions due to new lesion formation were 19 (50%) vs. 5 (17%), for D vs. D+G, respectively, at time of abstract submission. Updated results will be presented. Conclusions: Ganetespib inhibits multiple processes involved in tumor metastasis. Preliminary data from the GALAXY–1 study support reduced frequency of progression due to new metastatic lesion formation in advanced NSCLC patients treated with ganetespib.
Identifying Close Friends on the Internet. (2009)

Online Social Networks (OSNs) encourage users to create an online presence that reflects their offline identity. OSNs create the illusion that these online accounts correspond to the correct offline person, but in reality the OSN lacks the resources to detect impersonation. We propose that OSN users identify each other based on interaction and experience. We believe that impersonation can be thwarted by users who possess exclusive shared knowledge, secret information shared only between a pair of OSN friends. We describe existing protocols that use shared secrets to exchange public keys without revealing those secrets to attackers. We present results from a user study on Facebook to show that users do share exclusive knowledge with their Facebook friends and attackers are rarely able to guess that knowledge. Finally, we show that friend identification can be extended using a web of trust built on the OSN friend graph. 1.
CHINESE RAILWAYS: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE LAST 50 YEARS (2000)

This article reviews the history of the Chinese railways since 1949, which gave a solid basis for development, but included many unrealistic decisions. As a result, there was an adverse effect on the progress of constructing new lines and renewing facilities on existing lines, so that bottlenecks appeared, the whole rail network became a weak link in the economy, and the railways made a financial loss. This abnormal situation is now being corrected by applying Western experience. The article presents some of the author's own views. From 1949-58, far-sighted decisions were made and there was a realistic approach to work. The railways were united into a single system during 1949-52, the backbone rail network was expanded, and there was extensive engineering work in mountain regions. In the 1960s, wrong technical decisions were often made, for example on the huge Chengdu-Kunming railway with its excessive alignment standards. This led to a vicious circle leading to unnecessary construction, lack of funds, slow improvement of equipment, and so on. There were many reasons for both negative and positive developments. A scientific decision-making system is now being set up, with a better approach and legal regulations. Mathematical methods are being applied to optimise rational decisions and eliminate waste.
Investigating copper wire bonding technology in Chip-on-Board applications (2013)

In our experiment, the possibility of forming copper wire bonds in Chip-on-Board (COB) applications was investigated. In the experiment, such surface finishes were studied and compared which are common in printed circuit board based COB applications and can be bonded with wire bonding technologies. These finishes were immersion silver (ImAg), electroless nickel / immersion gold (ENIG) and electroless nickel / electroless palladium / immersion gold (ENEPIG). On each type of surface finish, copper wires with two diameters (33 and 300 μm) were bonded with a TPT Ultrasonic bonder. The wire bonds then characterized by optical inspections and mechanical measurements which are detailed in the paper.
Thin Composite Palladium and Palladium/Alloy Membranes for Hydrogen Separation (2003)

Dense composite Pd and Pd/alloy membranes are currently being extensively investigated. The synthesis and characterization of these membranes, with a special emphasis on Pd/alloy membranes, are reviewed in this paper. Experimental results on Pd/Cu membranes supported on porous stainless steel exhibited good thermal stability and reasonable hydrogen flux. Furthermore, optical micrographs showed the formation of the dense palladium layer was unaffected by the topological features of the porous stainless steel, although the surface of the support directs the topology of the final Pd layer.
The interconversion of the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-, 6,7,8-dihydro-, and radical forms of 6,6,7,7-tetramethyldihydropterin. A model for the biopterin center of aromatic amino acid mixed function oxidases (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe interconversion of the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-, 6,7,8-dihydro-, and radical forms of 6,6,7,7-tetramethyldihydropterin. A model for the biopterin center of aromatic amino acid mixed function oxidasesGert Eberlein, Thomas C. Bruice, R. A. Lazarus, Robert Henrie, and Stephen J. BenkovicCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 25, 7916–7924Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00337a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00337a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scene segmentation with Conditional Random Fields learned from partially labeled images (2007)

Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) are an effective tool for a variety of different data segmentation and labeling tasks including visual scene interpretation, which seeks to partition images into their constituent semantic-level regions and assign appropriate class labels to each region. For accurate labeling it is important to capture the global context of the image as well as local information. We introduce a CRF based scene labeling model that incorporates both local features and features aggregated over the whole image or large sections of it. Secondly, traditional CRF learning requires fully labeled datasets which can be costly and troublesome to produce. We introduce a method for learning CRFs from datasets with many unlabeled nodes by marginalizing out the unknown labels so that the log-likelihood of the known ones can be maximized by gradient ascent. Loopy Belief Propagation is used to approximate the marginals needed for the gradient and log-likelihood calculations and the Bethe free-energy approximation to the log-likelihood is monitored to control the step size. Our experimental results show that effective models can be learned from fragmentary labelings and that incorporating top-down aggregate features significantly improves the segmentations. The resulting segmentations are compared to the state-of-the-art on three different image datasets. 1
Multispectral and Photoplethysmography Optical Imaging Techniques Identify Important Tissue Characteristics in an Animal Model of Tangential Burn Excision (2015)

Burn excision, a difficult technique owing to the training required to identify the extent and depth of injury, will benefit from a tool that can cue the surgeon as to where and how much to resect. We explored two rapid and noninvasive optical imaging techniques in their ability to identify burn tissue from the viable wound bed using an animal model of tangential burn excision. Photoplethysmography (PPG) imaging and multispectral imaging (MSI) were used to image the initial, intermediate, and final stages of burn excision of a deep partial-thickness burn. PPG imaging maps blood flow in the skin's microcirculation, and MSI collects the tissue reflectance spectrum in visible and infrared wavelengths of light to classify tissue based on a reference library. A porcine deep partial-thickness burn model was generated and serial tangential excision accomplished with an electric dermatome set to 1.0 mm depth. Excised eschar was stained with hematoxylin and eosin to determine the extent of burn remaining at each excision depth. We confirmed that the PPG imaging device showed significantly less blood flow where burn tissue was present, and the MSI method could delineate burn tissue in the wound bed from the viable wound bed. These results were confirmed independently by a histological analysis. We found these devices can identify the proper depth of excision, and their images could cue a surgeon as to the preparedness of the wound bed for grafting. These image outputs are expected to facilitate clinical judgment in the operating room.
Natural doubling of the apparent switching frequency using three-level ANPC converter (2008)

The 3L-NPC (three-level neutral-point-clamped) is the most popular multilevel converter used in high-power medium-voltage applications. An important disadvantage of this structure is the unequal distribution of losses among the switches. The performances of 3L-NPC structure were improved by developing the 3L-ANPC (Active-NPC) converter which has more degrees of freedom. In this paper the switching states and the loss distribution problem are studied for different PWM strategies. A new PWM strategy is also proposed in the paper. It has numerous advantages: (a) natural doubling of the apparent switching frequency without using the flying-capacitor concept, (b) dead times do not influence the operating mode at 50% of the duty cycle, (c) operating at both high and small switching frequencies without structural modifications and (d) better balancing of loss distribution in switches. The PSIM simulation results are shown in order to validate the proposed PWM strategy and the analysis of the switching states.
Mechanism and modeling of ring pattern formation for electron beam exposure on zwitterresist (2003)

The first application of simultaneous patterning technology on positive and negative tones in lithography has been reported previously. In a further study, we find that the relationship between the applied doses and the obtained ring width does not exhibit linearity, irrespective of the design radius in the center dot. The observation suggests that the assumption of only using the scattering effect in explaining the ring width needs to be improved. At higher electron doses, the heating effect from center area also plays important role.
Enhanced performance of long range Brillouin intensity based temperature sensors using remote Raman amplification (2004)

We report on the use of remote Raman amplification to improve the accuracy of spontaneous Brillouin measurements for long range distributed sensor applications. The enhancement of the signal to noise was demonstrated in a long range distributed temperature sensor exploiting the temperature dependence of the spontaneous Brillouin backscattered signal. A temperature resolution of 8 °C and a spatial resolution of 20 m were obtained at a sensing range of 100 km. The Brillouin signal was averaged 2<sup>20</sup> times.
Nanoparticle Aggregation Controlled by Desalting Kinetics (2009)

We report the formation of stable nanoparticle−polymer clusters obtained by electrostatic complexation. The nanoparticles placed under scrutiny were nanoceria (CeO2) coated with short poly(acrylic acid) moieties, whereas the polymers were cationic-neutral block copolymers. The cluster formation was monitored using different formulation pathways, including direct mixing, dialysis, dilution and quenching. In the first process, the hybrids were obtained by mixing stock solutions of polymers and nanoparticles. Dialysis and dilution were based on controlled desalting kinetics according to methods developed in molecular biology. The fourth process consisted of a rapid dilution of the salted dispersions and as such it was regarded as a quench of the cluster kinetics. We have found that one key parameter that controlled the kinetics of formation of electrostatic clusters was the rate dIS/dt at which the salt was removed from the solution, where IS denotes the ionic strength. With decreasing IS, the electrostatically screened polymers and nanoparticles system underwent an abrupt transition between an unassociated and a clustered state. By tuning the desalting kinetics, the size of the clusters was varied from 100 nm to over 1 μm. At low ionic strength, the clusters were found to be kinetically frozen. It is proposed that the onset of aggregation was driven by the desorption-adsorption transition of the polymers onto the surfaces of the particles.
Postoperative fluid overload (1990)

The incidence and consequences of fluid overload in the surgical ICU (SICU) have not been well defined, but may influence length of stay, days requiring mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Forty-eight consecutive patients admitted to our SICU were prospectively monitored for acute changes in weight and its impact on clinical management and outcome. When defined as a gain greater than 10% from their preoperative or premorbid weight (or an approximately 20% increase in total body water), 40% of patients had fluid overload. Patients were divided into three groups: those who had gained less than or equal to 10%, those with a weight gain between 11% and 20%, and those with greater than 20% increase in weight. Significant differences were found with respect to vasopressor dependence, colloid administration, and mortality. When indexed by initial Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) mortality prediction scores, all groups had similar degrees of illness. On average, presumably due to volume limitations, patients were inadequately nourished during 85% of their SICU stay. Our results suggest that the morbidity of fluid overload can be significant, and warrants a fresh look at the methods of intraoperative fluid resuscitation.
Purification and characterization of human skin mast cells. Evidence for human mast cell heterogeneity. (1987)

Abstract Our previous studies of human lung and intestinal mast cells failed to show the heterogeneity found among mast cells in murine species. Recently, we and others have developed techniques for the enzymatic dispersion of human neonatal skin mast cells. In addition, we are now able to make single cell suspensions of mast cells from adult skin and to purify these cells to near homogeneity. Comparative studies of mast cells from these several sources have uncovered several major differences among them. Adult and neonatal skin mast cells themselves differ in that the former are 10-fold less sensitive to goat anti-human IgE, with maximal release occurring at 3.0 and 0.3 microgram/ml, respectively. Skin mast cells also differ in optimal temperature for release: adult mast cells respond maximally at 23 to 30 degrees C and neonatal cells at 37 degrees C. Skin mast cells from both sources are dramatically different from lung and intestinal mast cells in two aspects. First, skin mast cells are quite responsive to several stimuli--morphine sulfate (10(-4) to 10(-6) M), substance P (10(-5) to 10(-7) M), compound 48/80 (10 to 0.1 microgram/ml), f-Met peptide (10(-6) M), and C5a (10(-8) M)--to which the other mast cells fail to respond. Second, although stimulated skin mast cells produce prostaglandin D2, little leikotriene C4, if any, is generated, unlike lung or intestinal mast cells. These differences in inflammatory potential among human mast cells from various sites have important implications for the management of allergic and inflammatory responses.
Cesium telluride photocathodes (1995)

Cesium telluride (Cs2Te) photocathodes, with quantum efficiencies (QEs) of 15%–18% at 251 nm, were fabricated by vapor deposition of Te and Cs onto a Mo substrate and used as an electron source for the Los Alamos Advanced Free-Electron Laser. In the fabrication chamber, the spectral response from 251 to 578 nm was measured before and after a controlled exposure of several photocathodes to air. The 251-nm QE dropped by about a factor of 20 when exposed to 2×10−4 Torr of air for 1 h. Heating degraded photocathodes to 150–200 °C partially rejuvenated their QEs to about 60% of the value before air exposure. The performance of Cs2Te as a source of electrons for accelerators was evaluated in the photoinjector stage of the Advanced Free-Electron Laser. The response time, saturation level, and dark current of cesium telluride photocathodes and the emittance and energy spread of the resulting electron beam were determined to be sufficient for free electron laser applications.
Vitamin C in dermatology (2013)

Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant drug that can be used topically in dermatology to treat and prevent changes associated with photoageing. It can also be used for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Because it is unstable and difficult to deliver into the dermis in the optimum dosage, research is being directed to find stable compounds of Vitamin C and newer methods of delivery of Vitamin C into the dermis.
PREPARATION, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CONTINUOUS SILICON CARBIDE FILAMENTS (1966)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation F. Galasso, M. Basche, D. Kuehl; PREPARATION, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CONTINUOUS SILICON CARBIDE FILAMENTS. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1 July 1966; 9 (1): 37–39. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1754590 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Observing lateral temperature and refractive index profiles in an optically pumped midinfrared laser through temporally and spatially resolved spectra (1997)

We show how temporally and spatially resolved lasing spectra may be interpreted to obtain quantitative information on the lattice temperature and refractive index distribution in an optically pumped GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb quantum well 1.8 μm midwave-infrared laser. We present this technique as a method for evaluating and comparing high power laser structures in terms of optical and thermal efficiency. We also suggest how this method might provide insight into the particulars of filamentation and heat transport in both electrically and optically pumped structures.
Subsynchronous resonance mitigation using variable‐speed wind energy conversion systems (2013)

This work proposes a strategy to mitigate subsynchronous resonance (SSR) in synchronous generators using variable‐speed wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) based on full converter wind turbines. A supplementary active and reactive power to be delivered by WECSs located near synchronous generators is designed to reduce the SSR phenomenon. These supplementary signals are calculated using an observer‐based controller tuned through an optimal quadratic technique which allows to minimise the WECS control effort, whereas a good torsional oscillation damping is accomplished. The power ratio between the WECS and the synchronous generator, impact on the power quality and communication time‐delay requirements are also discussed. The authors compare two control approaches: the first one uses mechanical measurements of the synchronous generator (measures which have high observability of torsional modes), whereas the second one uses voltage measurements at the wind farm connection point. In this way, two control schemes using remote and local measurements are proposed, and advantages and disadvantages of both schemes are presented. The proposed scheme can provide satisfactory torsional damping under a wide range of operating points, avoiding to include dedicated SSR damping equipment, and using the new wind farms installed in the network. Eigenvalue analysis and non‐linear time‐domain simulations confirm the good performance of the WECS‐based SSR damping controller.
The open-loop control of MEMS: modeling and experimental results (2007)

As adaptive optics (AO) technology progresses, both wide-field and high-order wavefront correction systems become reachable. Deformable mirrors (DMs) in these advanced architectures must exhibit exemplary performance to give low wavefront error. Such DMs must be economically attainable, meet stroke as well as flatness requirements, and show stable and repeatable actuation. Micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) deformable mirrors, undergoing testing and characterization in the Laboratory for Adaptive Optics (LAO) at the University of California at Santa Cruz, show promise on these fronts. In addition to requiring advanced deformable mirror technology, these progressive AO architectures require advanced DM control algorithms. We therefore present a formulation for accurate open-loop control of MEMS deformable mirrors. The electrostatic actuators in a discrete-actuator MEMS device are attached via posts to a thin reflective top plate. The plate itself can be well-modeled by the thin plate equation. The actuators, although nonlinear in their response to applied voltage and deformation, are independent of each other except through forces transmitted by the top plate and can be empirically modeled via a calibration procedure we will describe. In this paper we present the modeling and laboratory results. So far in the lab we have achieved open loop control to approximately 15 nm accuracy in response to arbitrary commands of approximately 500 nm amplitude. Open-loop control enables a wealth of new applications for astronomical adaptive optics instruments, particularly in multi-object integral field spectroscopy, which we will describe.