gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Activities Partially Account for Calvarial Bone Resorption Induced by Local Injection of Lipopolysaccharide (1999)

The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and/or interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity mediates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone resorption in vivo. To test this hypothesis, Escherichia coli LPS or Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS was injected into the subcutaneous tissues overlying mouse calvariae. Histological sections, prepared from the center of the lesion, were stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and histomorphometric analysis was performed to quantify the osteoclast number and the area of bone resorption. In time course experiments using normal mice, a peak of bone resorption occurred 5 days after endotoxin stimulation. In dose-response experiments, IL-1 receptor type 1 deletion (IL-1R(-/-)), TNF double-receptor p55/p75 deletion (TNF p55(-/-)/p75(-/-)), combined TNF p55 and IL-1 receptor type 1 deletion (TNF p55(-/-)/IL-1R(-/-)), and IL-1beta-converting enzyme-deficient (ICE(-/-)) mice and the respective wild-type mice were injected with 500, 100, or 20 micrograms of P. gingivalis LPS and sacrificed 5 days after LPS injection. At the highest dose (500 micrograms), significant decreases in osteoclast number occurred in mutant mice compared to wild-type mice: (i) a 64% reduction for the TNF p55(-/-)/IL-1R(-/-) mice, (ii) a 57% reduction for the IL-1R(-/-) mice, (iii) a 41% reduction for the TNF p55(-/-)/p75(-/-) mice, and (iv) a 38% reduction for the ICE(-/-) mice. At the two lower doses, bone resorption was apparent but no significant differences between mutant and wild-type animals were observed. The present data indicate that at higher doses, LPS-induced bone resorption is substantially mediated by IL-1 and TNF receptor signaling. Furthermore, IL-1 receptor signaling appears to be slightly more important than TNF receptor signaling. At lower LPS doses, other pathways leading to osteoclast activity that are independent of TNF and IL-1 are involved.
Facile Single‐Step Conversion of Macroalgal Polymeric Carbohydrates into Biofuels (2010)

Red macroalgae-derived agar is a renewable and sustainable resource. For the synthesis of HMF under solid Brønsted acid conditions, agar shows a unique reaction pattern and affords higher yields than land plant-based polymeric carbohydrates. Agar can be directly converted into next-generation biofuels by one-pot reactions and readily isolated by using a general workup procedure, which is crucial for a large-scale process.
Fully dense Sm2Fe17N<i>x</i> permanent magnets prepared by shock compression (1996)

Fully dense Sm2Fe17Nx bulk bodies with porosities less than 5% were prepared by shock compression in a certain low-pressure region, using the magnetically aligned powder pellets with an initial porosity of 46%–52% and without binder. Below a driving shock pressure (single shock wave using a copper standard capsule) of about 10 GPa, the recovered specimens did not consolidate well, and above about 20 GPa they began to decompose to α-Fe and Sm nitride. The consolidated state and porosity depended on the driving shock pressure, the thickness and porosity of the starting powder pellet, and the thickness of the impact plate. It was found that the shock consolidated bulk bodies had a Curie temperature of approximately 475 °C, and that the magnetic properties were sensitive to shock pressure, porosity, alignment, etc. The largest values of coercivity and maximum energy product of the recovered bulk specimens prepared in this study were 7.1 kOe and 16.8 MGOe, respectively.
Vapor-Phase Ozone Treatment of Wool Garments (1979)

Optimum treatment parameters for ozone-steam shrink-resisting of wool fabric and garments, hung in a chamber, were determined. Circulation of the vapor around the materials is necessary for rapid reaction. Fabric construction in; fluences the shrinkage control achieved; tight construction apparently limits the rate of diffusion of ozone into the fabric. Ozone consumption is low, (1.2% owf or less). Wool and lambs-wool sweaters were made shrink-resistant in a single-sweater batch treatment chamber. In batch treatments, since a large percentage (75 to 80%) of the injected ozone is exhausted unreacted from the chamber, excessively large and expensive ozone generators are required. Furthermore, these generators consume-excessive electricity (energy), and the excess ozone must be destroyed. Therefore a process was developed to utilize ozone efficiently. In this new process, garments are continuously moved through an open-ended tunnel; the ends are sloped downwards to confine the hot gasses. Ozone is injected at the center so that nearly all of it is consumed during its movement towards the ends. A pilot-scale continuous treater was constructed that utilizes 94% of the injected ozone; treated fabrics have excellent shrink resistance. The ozone-steam process has advantages over other shrink-proofing processes in that (1) no pre-wetting or post-drying stages are required (low energy requirement), (2) it is a continuous, single-stage process, (3) excellent, uniform shrinkage control is attained without significantly impairing fiber properties, and (4) treatment costs are low (efficient ozone utilization).
The structure and function of hairs of chaetophorales (1986)

A study was carried out on the relationship between hair formation and water chemistry in three genera of Chaetophorales (especially Stigeoclonium).The relationship between environmental chemistry, algal morphology and phosphatase activity for 32 samples of natural populations in N-E. England was investigated. Two indices of hair formation were significantly correlated with aqueous P (-ve).algal N: P ratio (+ve) and phosphatase activity (+ve). Other correlations included: algal P v. aqueous P {+ve); algal P V. phosphatase activity (-ve); algal N: P ratio v. aqueous P (-ve). All algal samples with a P content of 0.96% (by weight) and above lacked hairs: all with aP content of 0.53% and below had hairs. All algal samples with N: P ratios of 5.58 and below lacked hairs: all with ratios of 6.46 and above had hairs. The influence of pH on phosphatase activity of six natural populations showed three markedly different responses, but the pH optima of three laboratory strains of Stigeoclonium were similar; pH had little influence on the phosphatase activity of two laboratory strains of Draparnaldia. Phosphatase activity was localized on hairs of Chaetophora and Draparnaldia, but the results were not clear-cut for Stigeoclonium. Elemental deficiencies gave a similar pattern of the extent of hair formation in 13 strains: - P > - N >- Fe-S >-Ca > -Mg > control. Elemental additions to five strains resulted in zoospore release; the greatest amount was released when N or P was added to N- or P-limited cultures. Five strains were grown to P-limitation in batch culture: the maximum P composition ranged from 2.4 - 6.4 % dry weight; hair formation commenced when algal P had fallen to about 1 % dry weight, long before any culture had ceased to grow or started to appear unhealthy. The strains were shown to be capable of utilizing a number of organic P sources. The possible role of hairs and similarities between hair-forming blue-green algae and Chaetophorales are discussed.
THE CATALYTIC ACTION OF ALUMINIUM SILICATES: I. THE DEHYDRATION OF BUTANEDIOL-2,3 AND BUTANONE-2 OVER ACTIVATED MORDEN BENTONITE (1947)

The dehydration of butanediol-2,3 over activated Morden bentonite has been investigated. Below 350 °C., liquid products butanone-2, isobutyraldehyde, and the isobutyral of butanediol-2,3 were produced. Butanone-2 was obtained in 86% yield. At higher temperatures, 450° to 700 °C., gaseous decomposition occurred. Only small amounts of butadiene were formed from the dry glycol while a 25% diolefin yield resulted using water vapour as diluent. The decomposition of dry butanone-2 over bentonite gave only traces of butadiene. Yields of diolefin increased using water as diluent, 44.8% being obtained at 700 °C. with a ketone–water molar ratio of 1 to 40. Butanone-2 was considered intermediate in the formation of butadiene from butanediol-2,3.
Online Predicted Human Interaction Database (2005)

http://ophid.utoronto.ca/supplInfo.pdf.
Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Raman and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy of Horseradish Peroxidase (2002)

We report on the spectroscopy and enzymatic activity of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) coupled to Ag nanoparticles. We show that vibrational spectra of single HRP molecules can be detected by measuring surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from isolated and immobilized protein−nanoparticle aggregates. However, the nanoparticle−protein interaction results in decreased enzymatic activity, as shown by an ensemble-averaged HRP activity assay. We demonstrate that H2O2, one of the enzyme substrates in the assay, reacts with the Ag surface and that it is necessary to pretreat the Ag particles with H2O2 to retain full HRP activity in the Ag sol. However, the concomitant changes in the Ag surface adsorbate layer caused by this treatment prevent strong HRP adsorption and therefore also single-molecule SERS sensitivity. Layers of H2O2-treated Ag particles can instead be used to enhance the fluorescence signal from single functional HRP molecules.
Coordination across base stations for effective control of space division multiple access enhanced IEEE 802.16m systems (2009)

In recent years, smart antenna technologies are of ever-increasing interest to boost the capacity of existing and future wireless systems. Several standards support these techniques such as the wireless metropolitan area network IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) and IMT-Advanced candidates. In applying smart antenna beamforming and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) techniques, adaptive antennas are able to increase cell capacity by reducing inter-cell interference and by allowing concurrent transmissions. As a downside, an SDMA enabled cell generates less predictable interference than a conventional cell, because a changing number of mobile stations (MS) are sending uplink data in parallel and downlink streams with changing direction are transmitted by the base station (BS). Thereby the SINR estimation becomes less precise and the link adaptation sub optimal. This work investigates the potential of coordination across BSs on MAC layer for further mitigation of inter-cell interference and increasing precision of SINR estimations in an SDMA enhanced system. The developed concepts are evaluated in a cellular deployment by means of system-level simulations for up-and downlink. The performance of a coordinated system is compared with a non-coordinated reference case.
A Fast Clustering Algorithm to Cluster Very Large Categorical Data Sets in Data Mining. (1997)

Partitioning a large set of objects into homogeneous clusters is a fundamental operation in data mining. The k-means algorithm is best suited for implementing this operation because of its efficiency in clustering large data sets. However, working only on numeric values limits its use in data mining because data sets in data mining often contain categorical values. In this paper we present an algorithm, called k-modes, to extend the k-means paradigm to categorical domains. We introduce new dissimilarity measures to deal with categorical objects, replace means of clusters with modes, and use a frequency based method to update modes in the clustering process to minimise the clustering cost function. Tested with the well known soybean disease data set the algorithm has demonstrated a very good classification performance. Experiments on a very large health insurance data set consisting of half a million records and 34 categorical attributes show that the algorithm is scalable in terms of both the number of clusters and the number of records.
Composition of Salivary Gland Extracts from the Leech Haementeria ghilianii (1981)

The giant leech, Haementeria ghilianii, originating from French Guyana, has two pairs of salivary glands. From the anterior and posterior glands, approximately 1.5 and 0.3 mg of protein per leech, respectively, have been extracted. Electrophoretic analysis showed that the protein composition of the anterior and posterior gland extracts is completely different. However, both gland extracts contain fibrinolytic activity associated with only one electrophoretic band. The fractionation of salivary gland homogenates by differential ultracentrifugation showed that the fibrinolytic activity is found entirely in the cytosol fraction.
Somatostatin analogues for treatment of polycystic liver disease (2010)

Somatostatin analogues are promising new medical drug options in the treatment of PCLD. However, more needs to be elucidated with regard to molecular mechanisms in hepatic cystogenesis, the uncertainty who will respond to therapy and long-term outcomes.
A Laboratory Medicine Best Practices Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) and Algorithms Including NAATs for the Diagnosis of <i>Clostridioides</i> ( <i>Clostridium</i> ) <i>difficile</i> in Adults (2019)

The evidence base for the optimal laboratory diagnosis of <i>Clostridioides</i> (<i>Clostridium</i>) <i>difficile</i> in adults is currently unresolved due to the uncertain performance characteristics and various combinations of tests. This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of laboratory testing algorithms that include nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) to detect the presence of <i>C. difficile</i> The systematic review and meta-analysis included eligible studies (those that had PICO [population, intervention, comparison, outcome] elements) that assessed the diagnostic accuracy of NAAT alone or following glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) or GDH EIAs plus <i>C. difficile</i> toxin EIAs (toxin). The diagnostic yield of NAAT for repeat testing after an initial negative result was also assessed. Two hundred thirty-eight studies met inclusion criteria. Seventy-two of these studies had sufficient data for meta-analysis. The strength of evidence ranged from high to insufficient. The uses of NAAT only, GDH-positive EIA followed by NAAT, and GDH-positive/toxin-negative EIA followed by NAAT are all recommended as American Society for Microbiology (ASM) best practices for the detection of the <i>C. difficile</i> toxin gene or organism. Meta-analysis of published evidence supports the use of testing algorithms that use NAAT alone or in combination with GDH or GDH plus toxin EIA to detect the presence of <i>C. difficile</i> in adults. There is insufficient evidence to recommend against repeat testing of the sample using NAAT after an initial negative result due to a lack of evidence of harm (i.e., financial, length of stay, or delay of treatment) as specified by the Laboratory Medicine Best Practices (LMBP) systematic review method in making such an assessment. Findings from this systematic review provide clarity to diagnostic testing strategies and highlight gaps, such as low numbers of GDH/toxin/PCR studies, in existing evidence on diagnostic performance, which can be used to guide future clinical research studies.
Variable-speed wind power generation using doubly fed wound rotor induction machine-a comparison with alternative schemes (2002)

In this paper, a wind energy conversion system (WECS) using a grid-connected wound rotor induction machine controlled from the rotor side is compared with both fixed speed and variable speed systems using a cage rotor induction machine. The comparison is done on, the basis of: (1) major hardware components required; (2) operating region; and (3) energy output due to a defined wind function using the characteristics of a practical wind turbine. Although a fixed speed system is more simple and reliable, it severely limits the energy output of a wind turbine. In case of variable speed systems, comparison shows that using a wound rotor induction machine of similar rating can significantly enhance energy capture. This comes about due to the ability to operate with rated torque even at supersynchronous speeds; power is then generated out of the rotor as well as the stator. Moreover, with rotor side control, the voltage rating of the power devices and DC bus capacitor bank is reduced. The size of the line side inductor also decreased. Results are presented to show the substantial advantages of the doubly fed system.
Shear modification of low density polyethylene (1985)

Abstract A single screw extruder was used to impose different shear histories on a low density polyethylene with broad molecular weight distribution and high molecular weight tail that had very little long chain branching. This polymer exhibits relatively high melt elasticity and the viscoelastic properties of its melt are strongly affected by preshearing. Such changes are accomplished without significant changes in molecular weight distribution or chemical structure. Measured viscous and elastic properties of the melt are different from piston‐driven and screw extruder capillary rheometers. Shear modification effects in single screw extruders are enhanced by decreasing melt temperature, increased screw rotation speeds, and higher screw compression ratios. Melt elasticity can be cycled between high and relatively low values, for the particular polymer, by annealing or shearing the polymer melt.
Inhibitory Effect of Papaverine on HIV Replication In Vitro (1989)

The ability of papaverine to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in H9 cell line and in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture was examined. HIV-infected H9 cells were exposed to different concentrations of papaverine for 20 days. Reverse transcriptase (RT) activity and the presence of p24 in the supernatant were determined to assess the level of viral replication in treated and control cultures. The most effective concentration of papaverine in the culture medium was 10 micrograms/ml, a dose that did not significantly affect cell proliferation. At this drug concentration the treatment resulted in no RT activity or p24 expression in the supernatant and no virus antigen detection at the cellular level as demonstrated by Western blot (WB) analysis. The activity of the drug occurred in a short period of time (60 hours) as shown by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and affected the synthesis of the env precursor protein gp160. The drug was also effective in inhibiting HIV replication in PBMC cultures and influenced specific viral markers, namely, RT and p24. Evidence of the efficacy of papaverine treatment was enforced by the finding in the treated PBMC cultures, compared with the untreated ones, of a reduced percentage of cells forming syncitia and of the inhibition of the virus-induced decrease in the number of cells. When an equal number of virus-infected H9 cells exposed or unexposed to papaverine was analyzed for HIV-specific proteins, a marked decrease in the expression of the viral proteins was observed in the treated cultures. At the same time, one cellular protein of molecular weight 69,000 was not inhibited by papaverine. This may indicate that, at least for one protein, synthesis may not be affected by the drug. Our data suggest that papaverine merits attention as a possible nontoxic candidate for the treatment of HIV infection.
NXL104 combinations versus Enterobacteriaceae with CTX-M extended-spectrum  -lactamases and carbapenemases (2008)

Oxyimino-cephalosporin + NXL104 combinations have potential against strains with the prevalent ESBLs and non-metallo-carbapenemases.
Continuous 3D scan-matching with a spinning 2D laser (2009)

Scan-matching is a technique that can be used for building accurate maps and estimating vehicle motion by comparing a sequence of point cloud measurements of the environment taken from a moving sensor. One challenge that arises in mapping applications where the sensor motion is fast relative to the measurement time is that scans become locally distorted and difficult to align. This problem is common when using 3D laser range sensors, which typically require more scanning time than their 2D counterparts. Existing 3D mapping solutions either eliminate sensor motion by taking a “stop-and-scan” approach, or attempt to correct the motion in an open-loop fashion using odometric or inertial sensors. We propose a solution to 3D scan-matching in which a continuous 6DOF sensor trajectory is recovered to correct the point cloud alignments, producing locally accurate maps and allowing for a reliable estimate of the vehicle motion. Our method is applied to data collected from a 3D spinning lidar sensor mounted on a skid-steer loader vehicle to produce quality maps of outdoor scenes and estimates of the vehicle trajectory during the mapping sequences.
Über 1.4‐Amino‐thiophenol III (1911)

0 x y d a t i o n d e s 1.4-Ami n o p h e n y lm e t h y 1-9 u l fids.Das 1.4-Arninophenyl-methyl-sulfid liefert bei der Oxydrttioo rnit Fcrrichlorid in guter Ausbeute einen Farbstoff, der sich in achwarzvioletten, rnetallisch glanzenden BlHttchen abscheidet; in Alkohol ist er mit tief blauer Farbe liislicb.Seine Zusammensetzung entspricht der Pormel: C14HlsN,SsC1; er stellt das salzsaure Salz einer Base dar, welche durch Ammoniak in Preiheit gesetzt werden kann und sich in diclieo, braunroten Flocken ausscheidet.I n dieser Form ist die basische Verbindung ziemlich haltbar, beirn Trocknen oder in Lii-Bung tritt rasch Zersetzung ein.Das salzsaure
Molecular characterization of cytogenetic alterations associated with the Beckwith — Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) phenotype refines the localization and suggests the gene for BWS is imprinted (1993)

To define the region of 11p15 involved in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), we have carried out a molecular genetic analysis of six patients with features of BWS and constitutional cytogenetic abnormalities involving chromosome band 11p15. Molecular analysis confirmed the 11p origin of the duplicated material and defined the smallest region of overlap for such duplications, within which a gene involved in BWS must be located. This region encompasses the beta-globin gene complex (HBB) to 11pter. In both of our informative cases, the 11p duplication was found to be of paternal origin. Two BWS associated balanced translocations of 11p15 were studied to localize the breakpoints on 11p15. Somatic cell hybrids, Southern blotting and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that both breakpoints were between D11S12 and the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene. A non-BWS translocation breakpoint was more proximal, between HBB and calcitonin-A (CALCA). Pedigree analysis showed that both BWS associated 11p15 translocations were transmitted by phenotypically normal mothers. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that the BWS gene is imprinted and that the maternally inherited BWS gene is normally suppressed whereas the paternally inherited allele is active. Thus, duplications of paternal origin would lead to increased dosage of the BWS gene. Similarly increased dosage of the BWS gene could account for the findings in maternally inherited 11p15 translocations by altering normal imprinting, so that the translocated maternal allele remains active. This study defines one or more gene loci for BWS on 11p15.5 in the genomic region from D11S12 to IGF2.
A concept for MIMO antennas on small terminals based on characteristic modes (2011)

In this paper, we present a concept for a MIMO antenna system on a small terminal platform. The concept is based on the selective excitation of different orthogonal characteristic modes on the chassis of the small terminal. Thereby the chassis of the mobile terminal itself can be effectively used as the MIMO antenna similar to the concept commonly applied to single port (single mode) antennas on mobile terminals. The different modes generate orthogonal radiation patters and are therefore suited to radiate de-correlated signals fed to the different antenna ports. Such modes can be excited selectively by certain sets of couplers distributed around the outer edges of the chassis. First stage numerical investigations show that coupling between the modes is low.