gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Liquid crystal Fabry-Perot etalons</title> (1998)

Birefringent, nematic liquid crystals (LC) have been laminated between the substrates of several Fabry-Perot etalons. The application of an electric field allows the effective index of refraction of the LC to be varied. A polymer alignment layer is used to align the crystals perpendicular to the optical axis of the Fabry-Perot etalon. An oscillating electric field is used to rotate the crystal around the optical axis of the etalon, effectively changing the index of refraction. This change in index is used to tune the Fabry-Perot etalon in a manner similar to traditional pressure and mechanical tuning systems. However, the approach described here has the advantage of producing a solid-state etalon that is tunable without use of a bulky pressure system or environmentally sensitive piezo-electric stacks. Several etalons have been constructed to further develop this technology. Clear apertures greater than 2' have been achieved, and a hybrid spacer technique has been developed to allow for etalons with spacings of up to 1 cm. Fabry-Perot partial reflective coatings capable of operation from the visible (400 nm) to the near infrared NIR (2.2 micrometer) are also in use.
Controlled deposition and alignment of electrospun PMMA-g-PDMS nanofibers by novel electrospinning setups (2011)

Electrospinning is a useful technique that can generate micro- and nano-meter sized fibers from polymer materials. Modification of the electrospinning parameters and apparatus can generate nanofibers for use in diverse applications ranging from tissue engineering to nanocomposite fabrication; however, electrospun fibers are typically collected in a random orientation and over large areas limiting their applications. Here we present several methods to control the deposition of electrospun nanofibers, such as the use of a single auxiliary electrode ring and a negatively charged collector substrate to control the deposition area and the construction of a parallel electrode collector known as the triple electrode setup to control the uniaxial alignment of nanofibers. The numerous constructed setups were advanced by the use of electric field computations to assess the distribution of the electric field and its effect on the deposition behavior and morphology of the electrospun nanofibers. The electrostatic force imposed by the auxiliary electrodes provides converged electric fields that direct the nanofibers to their desired deposition targets. Here it is shown that the use of the auxiliary electrode ring dramatically decreased the deposition area of nanofibers, the negatively charged substrate yielded more uniform nanofibers and the triple electrode setup is a viable method to achieve uniaxially aligned nanofiber mats. The electrospinning of copolymers appears as an attractive option for enhancing the overall properties of nanofibers as it offers possibility of an intrinsic control of the polymeric material itself. The poly(methyl methacrylate)-graft-poly(dimethylsiloxane) graft copolymer (PMMA-g-PDMS) is considered to be an organic-inorganic hybrid material with much potential in its use in nanocomposites, and in this work has been successfully synthesized and electrospun via the various constructed electrospinning setups. In the final elements of this work, the triple electrode setup is used in combination with a dynamic rotating collector to yield a novel collector and has been successfully used to produce PMMA-g-PDMS nanofiber sheets that were further incorporated in a PDMS matrix to yield nanocomposite sheets. A variant of the triple electrode setup with partially insulated electrodes is devised in combination with a methodology to remove the nanofibers from the collector. The nanofibers once removed and dried were incorporated in a PDMS matrix to yield nanocomposites. The preferential dissolution of the fibers from the matrix rendered the fibers to templates and a final porous material with uniaxial nanochannels could be obtained. This work is believed to be able to lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of nanofiber deposition and alignment, and should be of help to the design of more practical collecting structures, hence promoting the applications of the electrospinning technique.
Design and development of a long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) (1977)

1. The paper describes the development and construction of an apparatus for maintaining a normal microbial population of the rumen under strictly controlled conditions over long periods of time. 2. The apparatus is simple to construct and operate. It is possible to do four replicate experiments at the same time. 3. The results of three experiments are given. The experiments showed that when the steady-state was reached it could be maintained indefinitely, with the type and quantities of products of fermentation very similar to those in the rumen of donor animals, including the maintenance of normal protozoal populations for up to 49 d. 4. It was found that within wide ranges, the digestibility of rations and the output of products were independent of dilution rate. 5. Except for the lowest ‘level of feeding’, the digestibility was independent of the level of feeding. The output of products was proportional to the amount of food digested and was the same as would be expected in sheep on similar rations. 6. An experiment in which a ration of hay was changed to a mainly concentrate ration showed that the fermentation characteristics were determined mainly by the food given.
Percutaneous drainage of renal abscesses (1984)

Percutaneous drainage combined with cross-sectional imaging is reported in five patients with intrarenal abscesses. No recurrences and no complications occurred. This nonsurgical approach avoids the risks inherent in surgical therapy. Combined with appropriate antibiotic coverage, percutaneous drainage is an effective nonsurgical therapy for unilocular intrarenal abscesses.
The Curse of the Excluded Middle (2014)

There is a trend in the software industry to sell "mostly functional" programming as the silver bullet for solving problems developers face with concurrency, parallelism (manycore), and, of course, Big Data. Contemporary imperative languages could continue the ongoing trend, embrace closures, and try to limit mutation and other side effects. Unfortunately, just as "mostly secure" does not work, "mostly functional" does not work either. Instead, developers should seriously consider a completely fundamentalist option as well: embrace pure lazy functional programming with all effects explicitly surfaced in the type system using monads.
Line printer daemon protocol (1990)

This RFC describes an existing print server protocol widely used on
the Internet for communicating between line printer daemons (both
clients and servers). This memo is for informational purposes only,
and does not specify an Internet standard. Please refer to the current
edition of the IAB Official Protocol Standards for the
standardization state and status of this protocol.
3D Integration: Technology and Applications (2008)

The first encompassing treatise of this new, but very important field puts the known physical limitations for classic 2D electronics into perspective with the requirements for further electronics developments and market necessities. This two-volume handbook presents 3D solutions to the feature density problem, addressing all important issues, such as wafer processing, die bonding, packaging technology, and thermal aspects.It begins with an introductory part, which defines necessary goals, existing issues and relates 3D integration to the semiconductor roadmap of the industry, before going on to cover processing technology and 3D structure fabrication strategies in detail. This is followed by fields of application and a look at the future of 3D integration.The contributions come from key players in the field, from both academia and industry, including such companies as Lincoln Labs, Fraunhofer, RPI, ASET, IMEC, CEA-LETI, IBM, and Renesas.
Body Water, Plasma Volume, and Erythrocyte Volume in Sheep (1970)

SUMMARY Total body water, plasma volume, total circulating erythrocyte volume, venous packed cell volume ( pcv ), and total body pcv were measured in 40 sheep (mean body weight, 32.6 kg.). The mean fluid volumes were 647.0 ml. of water, 53.2 ml. of plasma, and 21.1 ml. of erythrocytes per kilogram of body weight. There were significant correlations between erythrocyte volume and body weight and between body water and body weight, but not between plasma volume and body weight. The mean venous pcv was 34.3%, and the mean total body pcv was 28.8%.
Role of Microtubules in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on 3D Nanofibrous Scaffolds (2017)

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous scaffolds are known to undergo osteogenic differentiation even in the absence of soluble osteoinductive factors. Although this process of differentiation has been attributed to the shape that cells assume on the fibrous scaffolds, it is unclear how constriction of cell shape would contribute to the differentiation phenotype. Here, we quantitatively compared cell and nuclear morphologies of cells cultured on 3D poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (NF) and two-dimensional (2D) flat films using confocal fluorescence microscopy. We discovered that while cells on the 2D films exhibited cellular and nuclear morphologies similar to those cultured on tissue culture polystyrene, cells cultured on the 3D NF showed distinct cell and nuclear morphologies, with lower areas and perimeters, but higher aspect ratios. We next tested the effect of treatment of cells with actin-depolymerizing cytochalasin D and microtubule-depolymerizing nocodazole on these morphologies. In both 2D and 3D scaffolds, actin depolymerization brought about gross changes in cell and nuclear morphologies. Remarkably, microtubule depolymerization resulted in a phenotype similar to actin depolymerization in cells cultured on 3D NF alone, indicating a significant role for the microtubule cytoskeleton in the maintenance of cell shape and structure in 3D. The morphological changes of the nucleus that were apparent upon cytoskeletal perturbation were reflected in the organization of heterochromatin in the nucleus, with MSCs on 3D alone exhibiting a differentiation phenotype. Finally, we tested the effect of cytoskeletal depolymerization on mineralization of cells. Again, we observed higher mineralization in cells cultured on 3D NF, which was lost in cells treated with either cytochalasin D or nocodazole. Taken together, our results suggest that both the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons contribute significantly toward maintenance of cell and nuclear shape in cells cultured on 3D scaffolds, and consequently to their osteogenic differentiation.
A Survey on Access Control in Fog Computing (2018)

Fog computing has emerged as an attractive solution to the distributed application of the Internet of Things, and could provide low-latency, highly mobile, and geo-distributed services distinguished from the cloud. While fog computing offers numerous benefits, it also faces various security challenges, of which access control is one of the fundamental requirements since it is concerned with authorizing users to access resources in the open fog environment. This article provides a comprehensive survey of access control of users' data in the environment of fog computing with the aim of highlighting security problems and challenges. It discusses the definition, architecture, and characteristics of fog computing, based on which typical requirements and essential models of access control are addressed. Finally, it highlights known access control schemes in the environment of fog computing, and identifies existing unresolved problems as future directions.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Bovine Follicular Cystic Ovaries (2010)

Follicular cystic ovary (FCO) is one of the most frequently diagnosed ovarian diseases and is a major cause of reproductive failure in mammalian species. However, the mechanism by which FCO is induced remains unclear. Genetic alterations which affect the functioning of many kinds of cells and/or tissues could be present in cystic ovaries. In this study, we performed a comparison analysis of gene expression in order to identify new molecules useful in discrimination of bovine FCO with follicular cystic follicles (FCFs). Normal follicles and FCFs were classified based on their sizes (5 to 10 mm and ≥25 mm). These follicles had granulosa cell layer and theca interna and the hormone 17β-estradiol (E(2))/ progesterone (P(4)) ratio in follicles was greater than one. Perifollicular regions including follicles were used for the preparation of RNA or protein. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) that showed greater than a 2-fold change in expression were screened by the annealing control primer (ACP)-based PCR method using GeneFishing™ DEG kits in bovine normal follicles and FCFs. We identified two DEGs in the FCFs: ribosomal protein L15 (RPL15) and microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) based on BLAST searches of the NCBI GenBank. Consistent with the ACP analysis, semi-quantitative PCR data and Western blot analyses revealed an up-regulation of RPL15 and a down-regulation of MAP1B in FCFs. These results suggest that RPL15 and MAP1B may be involved in the regulation of pathological processes in bovine FCOs and may help to establish a bovine gene data-base for the discrimination of FCOs from normal ovaries.
Smart Reset Control for Wide-Dynamic-Range LWIR FPAs (2010)

A new readout circuit involving a pixel-level reset control was studied for 2-D long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) focal plane arrays. The integration time of each pixel can be optimized individually and automatically. Hence, the readout circuit has a wide dynamic range and good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) characteristics. The readout circuit was fabricated with a 0.35-μm 2-poly 4-metal CMOS process for a 128 × 128 LWIR HgCdTe array with a pixel size of 50 μm × 50 μm. The smart reset control with two-step background suppression improves the SNR to 87 dB and the dynamic range to 95.8 dB.
New High Resolution Optical Incremental Rotary Encoder (2008)

At HSG-IMAT a new concept for an incremental encoded optical encoder has been developed. Key element of the sensor concept is a disc with a high precision solid measure, which is fabricated using the manufacturing process for compact discs. Using this process, it is possible to fabricate a high precision solid measure in high quantities and at low manufacturing costs. For detection of the solid measure, a laser beam is focused onto it and the beam is deflected by the diffractive gratings of the solid measure, whereupon two different first orders fall onto separated photodiode elements. Intensive calculations were done to design the solid measure and estimate the signal modulation. To verify the principle of operation, a small size demonstrator device was designed and assembled. The experimental results with this demonstrator device show the large potential of this new sensor concept for different applications.
Human serum amyloid A. Three hepatic mRNAs and the corresponding proteins in one person. (1988)

Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) is a major acute-phase protein in humans and most other mammals. In addition, it is the serum precursor of the major protein constituent of reactive amyloid fibrils. Sequence analyses have identified a number of polymorphic forms of human SAA and amyloid A protein (AA), but the question of the number of genes encoding SAA in the human has not been addressed. In addition, there are insufficient data to predict whether one form of SAA predisposes to amyloid fibril formation. In the present study three separate SAA proteins have been isolated from the plasma of one individual and completely sequenced. While two of the SAA forms (SAA2 alpha and SAA2 beta) differ from each other only at position 71, they differ from the most abundant form (SAA1) at seven and eight other positions, respectively. Nucleotide sequencing of cDNAs from a liver library of this individual identified all three mRNs coding for these proteins and proved that: (a) the often-reported absence of arginine at the amino terminus of SAA proteins must result from proteolytic processing of the protein; (b) the polymorphism involving histidine and arginine at position 71 is present at the DNA level and therefore is not due to an event at the translational level; (c) there are at least two genes coding for human SAA. Comparison of these data to published sequences of SAA and AA proteins may help in identifying genetically determined forms of SAA which predispose to reactive amyloid fibril formation.
Preparation of Partially Purified Porcine Intrinsic Factor (1957)

A simple method is described for preparation of highly purified intrinsic factor PI from porcine stomach pyloric mucosa. In pernicious anemia patients in relapse, 35 mg of intrinsic factor PI when given with 15 μg vit. B12 is defined as one U.S.P. oral unit. Dialysis of intrinsic factor PI gives a material with a potency of about 15 mg/U.S.P. unit. In the urinary excretion test, one-half U.S.P. unit of intrinsic factor PI gives significant and measurable urinary excretion of vit. B12 Co60 when given orally with 1 μg vit. B12 Co60. Approximately 1.5 U.S.P. units of intrinsic factor PI will give maximum urinary excretion of vit. B12 Co60. Intrinsic factor PI can be further purified on a DEAE-cellulose ion exchanger to give a material with an estimated potency of 9 mg/U.S.P. unit.
Book Notices (1947)

Journal Article Book Notices Get access Finding God through Christ. By CHARLES EDWARD FORLINES. New York & Nashville: Abingdon-Cokesbury Press. 207 pages. $2.00. JOHN GARDNER JOHN GARDNER New York City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XV, Issue 3, July 1947, Pages 192-b–192, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XV.3.192-b Published: 01 July 1947
An investigation of the vacuum UV spectra of inductivity coupled RF plasmas excited in inert gases as a function of some of the operating parameters (1980)

Abstract The vacuum ultraviolet (UV) emission from inductively coupled radio‐frequency (RF) plasmas excited in a series of inert gases has been studied as a function of the pressure and applied power of the system. The effects of discharge tube size and pulsing of the applied RF power are also considered and a comparison is made between RF and microwave excitation.
Fathering Our Sons; Refathering Ourselves (1995)

Traditional narratives concerning the ''masculization'' of boys promote a variety of relational woundings, some active some passive, in the name of fathering. Some current myths about the ''development of masculine identity'' are deconstructed, the consequences for adult males of the emotional trauma which is an integral part of most boy's development is outlined, and a vision of relational fathering is offered as an alternative.
Transient reponse of plasma arc and weld pool geometry for GTAW process (1986)

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1986.
EEMEFN: Low-Light Image Enhancement via Edge-Enhanced Multi-Exposure Fusion Network (2020)

This work focuses on the extremely low-light image enhancement, which aims to improve image brightness and reveal hidden information in darken areas. Recently, image enhancement approaches have yielded impressive progress. However, existing methods still suffer from three main problems: (1) low-light images usually are high-contrast. Existing methods may fail to recover images details in extremely dark or bright areas; (2) current methods cannot precisely correct the color of low-light images; (3) when the object edges are unclear, the pixel-wise loss may treat pixels of different objects equally and produce blurry images. In this paper, we propose a two-stage method called Edge-Enhanced Multi-Exposure Fusion Network (EEMEFN) to enhance extremely low-light images. In the first stage, we employ a multi-exposure fusion module to address the high contrast and color bias issues. We synthesize a set of images with different exposure time from a single image and construct an accurate normal-light image by combining well-exposed areas under different illumination conditions. Thus, it can produce realistic initial images with correct color from extremely noisy and low-light images. Secondly, we introduce an edge enhancement module to refine the initial images with the help of the edge information. Therefore, our method can reconstruct high-quality images with sharp edges when minimizing the pixel-wise loss. Experiments on the See-in-the-Dark dataset indicate that our EEMEFN approach achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Substrate-induced Regulation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter Trafficking Requires Tyrosine Phosphorylation (2001)

Neurotransmitter transporters regulate synaptic transmitter levels and are themselves functionally regulated by a number of different signal transduction cascades. A common theme in transporter regulation is redistribution of transporter protein between intracellular stores and the plasma membrane. The triggers and mechanisms underlying this regulation are important in the control of extracellular transmitter concentrations and hence synaptic signaling. Previously, we demonstrated that the gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter GAT1 is regulated by direct tyrosine phosphorylation, resulting in an up-regulation of transporter expression on the plasma membrane. In the present report, we show that two tyrosine residues on GAT1 contribute to the phosphorylation and transporter redistribution. Tyrosine phosphorylation is concomitant with a decrease in the rate of transporter internalization from the plasma membrane. A decrease in GAT internalization rates also occurs in the presence of GAT1 substrates, suggesting the hypothesis that tyrosine phosphorylation is required for the substrate-induced up-regulation of GAT1 surface expression. In support of this hypothesis, incubation of GAT1-expressing cells with transporter ligands alters the amount of GAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, and substrate-induced surface expression is unchanged in a GAT1 mutant lacking tyrosine phosphorylation sites. These data suggest a model in which substrates permit the phosphorylation of GAT1 on tyrosine residues and that the phosphorylated state of the transporter is refractory for internalization.
Subsea ultraviolet solar-blind broadband free-space optics communication (2009)

We examine the potential of subsea free-space optics (FSO) for sensor network applications leveraging the emerging technologies of highly sensitive photon-counting detectors and semi-conductor LED and laser light sources in the UV solar blind. Monitoring oil and gas production installations is the niche application discussed. The merits of FSO include the capacity for broadband communication that would enable the transmission of video data in real time, which is not possible with other technologies at present. However, subsea FSO is challenged by high extinction and the immense variability of background illumination in shallow waters. This has stimulated us to investigate the potential of underwater FSO in the UV solar-blind spectral range, where background illumination is nearly nonexistent and considerable scattering occurs. The achievable performance is compared to transmission at 520 nm, where, in Clear Ocean, data rates of 100 Mbps can be transmitted over distances of ~170 m, falling to under 15 m in harbor waters. It is anticipated that ranges of 12 m can also be obtained with UV solar-blind wavelengths, although experimental corroboration is not yet available.