gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple and precise assay of the enzymic conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple and precise assay of the enzymic conversion of cholesterol into pregnenoloneR. B. Hochberg, T. A. Vander Hoeven, M. Welch, and S. LiebermanCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 3, 603–609Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00700a031https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00700a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new design for submicron double-barrier resonant tunnelling transistors (1996)

A new fabrication technique is described for a submicron vertical AlGaAs/GaAs double-barrier resonant tunnelling transistor which is ideal for investigating single electron charging of, and single electron tunnelling through, a quantum dot containing just a `few' electrons. The electrical characteristics and figures of merit are presented to demonstrate the improved `squeezing' capability of the Schottky gate which is located around, and partially on, the etched side wall of the device mesa after a combined dry and wet etch to a point below the two barriers, and contrasted with those of an earlier design where etching is stopped above the two barriers.
Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100. Comparison with familial hypercholesterolemia in 18 cases detected in Munich. (1990)

It has recently been suggested that a substitution of glutamine for arginine at residue 3500 of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 causes familial defective apo B-100 (FDB), an autosomal, dominantly inherited disorder, which leads to increased serum cholesterol levels. From a sample of 243 patients from Munich with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia (HL), we have identified eight individuals with the apo B-100 arginine(3500)----glutamine mutation. In a group of 57 subjects with defective low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), no mutant apo B alleles were detected. The frequency of FDB in patients with type IIa HL was estimated to be 3%. In the kindreds of three of the probands, 10 additional carriers of the apo B mutation were identified. Clinical and biochemical data reveal a striking similarity between patients with FDB and those with a defect in the LDLR gene. Our data support previous findings that FDB is a serious disorder causing premature atherosclerosis.
Leap-based Content Defined Chunking &#x2014; Theory and Implementation (2015)

Content Defined Chunking (CDC) is an important component in data deduplication, which affects both the deduplication ratio as well as deduplication performance. The sliding-window-based CDC algorithm and its variants have been the most popular CDC algorithms for the last 15 years. However, their performance is limited in certain application scenarios since they have to slide byte by byte. The authors present a leap-based CDC algorithm which provides significant improvement in deduplication performance without compromising the deduplication ratio. Compared to the sliding-window-based CDC algorithm, the new algorithm enables up to two-fold improvement in performance.
Composition of the essential oils from leaves of various <i>Humulus lupulus</i> L. cultivars (1990)

Abstract Cultivars of hop, Humulus lupulus L., are of economic importance for breweries, since hop cones contain a resinous fraction, responsible for the bitter taste of beer, and a volatile fraction, which contributes to its flavour. Till now research on the presence of volatile compounds in the leaves of hop plants has not been reported. Dried leaves of ten cultivars were submitted to hydrodistillation, using the apparatus described in the European Pharmacopoeia . A trap of pentane was necessary to detect and to take up the oils, because hop leaves contain volatile compounds to a much lesser extent than hop cones (<0.05%). The oils were analysed by GC and GC–MS. Of the many components detected 36 were identified, among which were eleven alkanes. In all oil samples sesquiterpene hydrocarbons clearly predominated; α‐humulene (3‐23%) and β‐caryophyllene (5‐29%) were the main components. β‐Myrcene, one of the main components of the essential oils from the cones of the same cultivars, was found in the leaf oils in a concentration of 1% or less.
AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3-dependent cell survival is cell line-specific and knockdown of all three isoforms selectively induces apoptosis in 20 human tumor cell lines (2007)

AKT is a key serine/threonine kinase in the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway(1) and activationof AKT is often observed in human cancers. To explore the role of AKT in cell survival in different tumor cells, we tested 20 human tumor cell lines for response to knockdown of AKT by small interference RNA (siRNA) and/or a kinase-dead mutant AKT. siRNA-mediated knockdown of all three AKT isoforms in tumor cell lines led to a reduction of phosphorylation of AKT substrates. Knockdown of AKT resulted in apoptosis in six out of 11 tumor cells with activated AKT. In contrast, knockdown of AKT induced apoptosis in three out of nine cell lines with a low level of active AKT. The responsiveness of the cells to knockdown of AKT was not affected by mutational status of p53 but appeared correlated with overexpression of HER2. To assess the role of individual AKT isoforms, five of the cell lines responsive to knockdown of AKT were further characterized. In ZR-75 cells, AKT1 is the predominant isoform responsible for cell proliferation and survival. Conversely, in IGROV1 cells, AKT2 plays a major role in cell proliferation, but no single isoform is essential for cell survival. Thus, the relative importance of the AKT isoforms is cell line-specific. Our data suggest that inhibiting all three AKT isoforms is necessary to elicit maximal apoptotic response in tumor cells, and the level of activated AKT is a favorable but not always reliable biomarker for preselection of responsive tumor cell lines to AKT inhibitors.
TSAO analogs. 3. Synthesis and anti-HIV-1 activity of 2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl 3'-spiro-5"-(4"-amino-1",2"-oxathiole 2",2"-dioxide) purine and purine-modified nucleosides (1993)

Several purine and purine-modified analogues of the new lead anti-HIV-1 agent [[2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl] thymine]-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''-oxathiole 2'',2''-dioxide) (TSAO-T) have been prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of HIV-1-induced cytopathicity. Reaction of O-mesylcyanohydrins of furanos-3'-ulosyladenine with Cs2CO3 afforded beta-D-xylo- and ribofuranosyladenine 3'-spiro nucleosides. Reaction of 1,2-di-O-acetyl-5-O-benzoyl-3-C-cyano-3-O-mesyl-D-ribofuranose with purine bases, followed by treatment with Cs2CO3, stereoselectively afforded beta-D-ribofuranosyl 3'-spiro nucleosides. 2',5'-O-Deacylation and subsequent treatment with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride gave the required TSAO derivatives. The 3'-spiro nucleosides with a xylo configuration did not show any anti-HIV activity. However, the purine ribo 3'-spiro nucleosides were potent and selective inhibitors of HIV-1 with a 50% effective concentration in the range of 0.1-1 microM and a selectivity index ranging from 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. Introduction of an alkyl function at N-1 of the purine moiety markedly decreased cytotoxicity without affecting antiviral activity.
Satellite, Air and Ground Observations of Volcanic Clouds over Islands of the South Pacific (2003)

4) Abstract Abstract must begin with the heading 'Abstract' (Times New Roman, 10.5 pt, Bold, Centered). The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references and must not exceed 250 words (Times New Roman, 10.5 pt, double spaced). Abstract Volcanic ash is dangerous to aircraft. In response to this, a warning system has been created: the International Airways Volcano Watch. Many of the ---.
A mutation in the puff region of VP2 attenuates the myocarditic phenotype of an infectious cDNA of the Woodruff variant of coxsackievirus B3 (1996)

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infections induce myocarditis in humans and mice. Little is known about the molecular characteristics of CVB3 that activate the cellular immunity responsible for cardiac inflammation. Previous experiments have identified an antibody escape mutant (H310A1) of a myocarditic variant of CVB3 (H3) that attenuates the myocarditic potential of the virus in mice in spite of ongoing viral replication in the heart. We have cloned full-length infectious cDNA copies of the viral genome of both the wild-type myocarditic H3 variant of CVB3 and the antibody escape mutant H310A1. Progeny viruses maintained the myocarditic and attenuated myocarditic potential of the parent viruses, H3 and H310A1. The full sequence of the H3 viral cDNA is reported and compared with those of previously published CVB3 variants. Comparison of the full sequences of H3 and H310A1 viruses identified a single nonconserved mutation (A to G) in the P1 polyprotein region at nucleotide 1442 resulting in an asparagine-to-aspartate mutation in amino acid 165 of VP2. This mutation is in a region that corresponds to the puff region of VP2. Nucleotide 1442 of the H3 and H310A1 cDNA copies of the viral genome was mutated to change amino acid 165 of VP2 to aspartate and asparagine, respectively. The presence of asparagine at amino acid 165 of VP2 is associated with the myocarditic phenotype, while an aspartate at the same site reduces the myocarditic potential of the virus. In addition, high-level production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by infected BALB/c monocytes is associated with asparagine at amino acid 165 of VP2 as has been previously demonstrated for the H3 virus. These findings identify potentially important differences between the H3 variant of CVB3 and other previously published CVB3 variants. In addition, the data demonstrate that a point mutation in the puff region of VP2 can markedly alter the ability of CVB3 to induce myocarditis in mice and tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion from infected BALB/c monocytes.
Numerical analysis of thin film BAW resonators (2004)

Thin film bulk acoustic wave (TBAW) resonators are of increasing interest for a wide variety of system applications. These resonators are used as stand alone frequency control devices in oscillators or are incorporated into electrically or acoustically coupled filters. The purity of the resonance has a strong effect on the performance of filters or other applications using TBAW resonator. This paper will present results from an analysis of resonators having a range of width to thickness ratios and explore the issues associated with plate waves and their management in resonator design. The analysis technique will be reviewed but the major goal is to facilitate a physical insight into resonator design for TBAW applications.
Notes on Nursing (1859)

It is hard to believe that it is almost 150 years since Florence Nightingale penned her seminal work on nursing. She was the first modern nurse, the first to recognise the connection between the dirt of the hospital and the number of deaths therein. It is a sad fact that more soldiers died in the Crimea in British hospitals than died on the battlefields of Sevastopol, Balaklava and the rest of the Black Sea peninsula. Florence Nightingale's practical and eminently sensible advice still rings true today and her Notes on Nursing should be recommended reading for any modern day nurse.
An improved GAMBIT device structure (1978)

An improved device structure is presented for the gate modulated bipolar transistor (GAMBIT). By forming vertical walled collector regions, the GAMBIT voltage-controlled negative-resistance characteristic has been made to occur at low collector voltages without the presence of the threshold voltage observed for the planar diffused devices. The negative resistance of these devices varies exponentially with the reciprocal of the gate bias and increases with collector depth as expected from analysis.
Parallel Algorithms for the Execution of Relational Database Operations (2012)

This paper presents and analyzes algorithms for parallel processing of relational database operations in a general multiprocessor framework. To analyze alternative algorithms, we introduce an analysis methodology which incorporates I/O, CPU, and message costs and which can be adjusted to fit different multiprocessor architectures. Algorithms are presented and analyzed for sorting, projection, and join operations. While some of these algorithms have been presented and analyzed previously, we have generalized each in order to handle the case where the number of pages is significantly larger than the number of processors. In addition, we present and analyze algorithms for the parallel execution of update and aggregate operations.
Autophagy regulates inflammatory programmed cell death via turnover of RHIM-domain proteins (2019)

RIPK1, RIPK3, ZBP1 and TRIF, the four mammalian proteins harboring RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) domains, are key components of inflammatory signaling and programmed cell death. RHIM-domain protein activation is mediated by their oligomerization; however, mechanisms that promote a return to homeostasis remain unknown. Here we show that autophagy is critical for the turnover of all RHIM-domain proteins. Macrophages lacking the autophagy gene <i>Atg16l1</i>accumulated highly insoluble forms of RIPK1, RIPK3, TRIF and ZBP1. Defective autophagy enhanced necroptosis by Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. TNF-mediated necroptosis was mediated by RIPK1 kinase activity, whereas TLR3- or TLR4-mediated death was dependent on TRIF and RIPK3. Unexpectedly, combined deletion of <i>Atg16l1</i> and <i>Zbp1</i> accelerated LPS-mediated necroptosis and sepsis in mice. Thus, ZBP1 drives necroptosis in the absence of the RIPK1-RHIM, but suppresses this process when multiple RHIM-domain containing proteins accumulate. These findings identify autophagy as a central regulator of innate inflammation governed by RHIM-domain proteins.
Glucose Effects on Beta-Cell Growth and Survival Require Activation of Insulin Receptors and Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 (2009)

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are ubiquitous hormones that regulate growth and metabolism of most mammalian cells, including pancreatic beta-cells. In addition to being an insulin secretagogue, glucose regulates proliferation and survival of beta-cells. However, it is unclear whether the latter effects of glucose occur secondary to autocrine activation of insulin signaling proteins by secreted insulin. To examine this possibility we studied the effects of exogenous glucose or insulin in beta-cell lines completely lacking either insulin receptors (betaIRKO) or insulin receptor substrate 2 (betaIRS2KO). Exogenous addition of either insulin or glucose activated proteins in the insulin signaling pathway in control beta-cell lines with the effects of insulin peaking earlier than glucose. Insulin stimulation of betaIRKO and betaIRS2KO cells led to blunted activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt kinase, while surprisingly, glucose failed to activate either kinase but phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Control beta-cells exhibited low expression of IGF-1 receptors compared to compensatory upregulation in betaIRKO cells. The signaling data support the slow growth and reduced DNA and protein synthesis in betaIRKO and betaIRS2KO cells in response to glucose stimulation. Together, these studies provide compelling evidence that the growth and survival effects of glucose on beta-cells require activation of proteins in the insulin signaling pathway.
Determination of the overall dissociation constants of the Group 1A acetates and perchlorates in glacial acetic acid (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of the overall dissociation constants of the Group 1A acetates and perchlorates in glacial acetic acidChi M. Tang and John A. McLean Jr.Cite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 8, 2652–2655Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50222a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50222a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Air Trapping and Airflow Obstruction in Newborn Cystic Fibrosis Piglets (2013)

The presence of air trapping, airflow obstruction, and airway size reduction in newborn piglets with cystic fibrosis before the onset of airway infection, inflammation, and mucus accumulation indicates that cystic fibrosis impacts airway development. Our findings suggest that early airflow obstruction and air trapping in infants with cystic fibrosis might, in part, be caused by congenital airway abnormalities.
Pigment-Epithelium–Derived Factor — A Key Coordinator of Retinal Neuronal and Vascular Functions (2000)

Precise regulation of vascular development is critical in the eye, where a few microns' deviation can cause blood vessels to move into normally avascular areas such as the cornea, vitreous, and fovea, thereby diminishing vision. Ample vascular supply is essential in the retina, which is one of the most metabolically active tissues in the body. The retina, which consists of cell layers that are less than 1 mm thick, is nourished by two vascular beds: the choriocapillaris in the posterior region and the retinal vasculature in the region beneath the vitreous. Separating these two vascular beds are Bruch's membrane and . . .
Best-bases feature extraction algorithms for classification of hyperspectral data (2001)

Due to advances in sensor technology, it is now possible to acquire hyperspectral data simultaneously in hundreds of bands. Algorithms that both reduce the dimensionality of the data sets and handle highly correlated bands are required to exploit the information in these data sets effectively. the authors propose a set of best-bases feature extraction algorithms that are simple, fast, and highly effective for classification of hyperspectral data. These techniques intelligently combine subsets of adjacent bands into a smaller number of features. Both top-down and bottom-up algorithms are proposed. The top-down algorithm recursively partitions the bands into two (not necessarily equal) sets of bands and then replaces each final set of bands by its mean value. The bottom-up algorithm builds an agglomerative tree by merging highly correlated adjacent bands and projecting them onto their Fisher direction, yielding high discrimination among classes. Both these algorithms are used in a pairwise classifier framework where the original C-class problem is divided into a set of (/sub 2//sup C/) two-class problems. The new algorithms (1) find variable length bases localized in wavelength, (2) favor grouping highly correlated adjacent bands that, when merged either by taking their mean or Fisher linear projection, yield maximum discrimination, and (3) seek orthogonal bases for each of the (/sub 2//sup C/) two-class problems into which a C-class problem can be decomposed. Experiments on an AVIRIS data set for a 12-class problem show significant improvements in classification accuracies while using a much smaller number of features.
Using Social Contextual Information to Match Criminal Identities (2006)

Criminal identity matching is crucial to crime investigation in law enforcement agencies. Existing techniques match identities that refer to the same individuals based on simple identity features. These techniques are subject to several problems. First, there is an effectiveness trade-off between the false negative and false positive rates. The improvement of one rate usually lowers the other. Second, in some situations such as identity theft, simple-feature-based techniques are unable to match identities that have completely different identity feature values. We argue that the information about the social context of an individual may provide additional information for revealing the individual’s identity, helping improve the effectiveness of identity matching techniques. We define two types of social contextual features: role-based personal features and social group features. Experiments showed that social contextual features, especially the structural similarity and the relational similarity, significantly improved the precision without lowering the recall of criminal identity matching tasks.
Lysine mannitol glycerol agar (LMG) and LMG with sulphamandelate for isolation of Salmonella spp. from clinical specimens (1994)

Lysine mannitol glycerol agar (LMG) was compared to xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (XLD), bismuth sulphite agar (BS), and Salmonella‐Shigella agar (SS) for the ability to detect Salmonella spp. in clinical specimens, primarily faeces samples. During an 8‐month period, 15 salmonellae were isolated from 940 faeces on LMG, while 14 strains were obtained on XLD, 11 on SS and only 3 strains on BS. Salmonella typhi was recovered from two blood cultures in 24 h on LMG, compared to 48 h on BS. LMG was augmented by addition of a sulphacetamide/mandelic acid (sulphamandelate) selective supplement (LMGS). During a 20‐month period, 43 salmonellae were isolated from 2622 faeces on LMG and LMGS. The selectivity of LMGS was superior to that of LMG with no decrease in sensitivity of detection; all salmonellae isolated on LMG were isolated on LMGS. Both LMG and LMGS were suitable for routine use in the isolation of Salmonella spp. from clinical specimens.