gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tat-Neutralizing Antibodies in Vaccinated Macaques (2003)

The human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein is essential for virus replication and is a candidate vaccine antigen. Macaques immunized with Tat or chemically modified Tat toxoid having the same clade B sequence developed strong antibody responses. We compared these antisera for their abilities to recognize diverse Tat sequences. An overlapping peptide array covering three clade B and two clade C Tat sequences was constructed to help identify reactive linear epitopes. Sera from Tat-immunized macaques were broadly cross-reactive with clade B and clade C sequences but recognized a clade B-specific epitope in the basic domain. Sera from Tat toxoid-immunized macaques had a more restricted pattern of recognition, reacting mainly with clade B and with only one clade B basic domain sequence, which included the rare amino acids RPPQ at positions 57 to 60. Monoclonal antibodies against the amino terminus or the domain RPPQ sequence blocked Tat uptake into T cells and neutralized Tat in a cell-based transactivation assay. Macaques immunized with Tat or Tat toxoid proteins varied in their responses to minor epitopes, but all developed a strong response to the amino terminus, and antisera were capable of neutralizing Tat in a transactivation assay.
Central diabetes insipidus associated with impaired renal aquaporin-1 expression in mice lacking liver X receptor β (2012)

The present study demonstrates a key role for the oxysterol receptor liver X receptor β (LXRβ) in the etiology of diabetes insipidus (DI). Given free access to water, LXRβ(-/-) but not LXRα(-/-) mice exhibited polyuria (abnormal daily excretion of highly diluted urine) and polydipsia (increased water intake), both features of diabetes insipidus. LXRβ(-/-) mice responded to 24-h dehydration with a decreased urine volume and increased urine osmolality. To determine whether the DI was of central or nephrogenic origin, we examined the responsiveness of the kidney to arginine vasopressin (AVP). An i.p. injection of AVP to LXRβ(-/-) mice revealed a partial kidney response: There was no effect on urine volume, but there was a significant increase of urine osmolality, suggesting that DI may be caused by a defect in central production of AVP. In the brain of WT mice LXRβ was expressed in the nuclei of magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. In LXRβ(-/-) mice the expression of AVP was markedly decreased in the magnocellular neurons as well as in urine collected over a 24-h period. The persistent high urine volume after AVP administration was traced to a reduction in aquaporin-1 expression in the kidney of LXRβ(-/-) mice. The LXR agonist (GW3965) in WT mice elicited an increase in urine osmolality, suggesting that LXRβ is a key receptor in controlling water balance with targets in both the brain and kidney, and it could be a therapeutic target in disorders of water balance.
Improving Cleaning of the Environment Surrounding Patients in 36 Acute Care Hospitals (2008)

Significant improvements in disinfection cleaning can be achieved in most hospitals, without a substantial added fiscal commitment, by the use of a structured approach that incorporates a simple, highly objective surface targeting method, repeated performance feedback to environmental services personnel, and administrative interventions. However, administrative leadership and institutional flexibility are necessary to achieve success, and sustainability requires an ongoing programmatic commitment from each institution.
Field Applications of a New Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Fluid Characterization Method (2002)

Summary This paper discusses the application of a new magnetic resonance fluid (MRF) characterization method to field data acquired by a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) well-logging tool. The theoretical and experimental foundation underlying the method was discussed in a previous publication.1 The MRF method provides a detailed formation evaluation of the near-wellbore region investigated by modern NMR logging tools. This information includes total and bound-fluid porosities, hydrocarbon saturations, oil viscosities, and hydrocarbon-corrected permeabilities. This paper presents MRF oil saturation and viscosity estimates in oil-bearing wells. In this paper, we first provide a short review of the main ideas and key equations that make up the MRF method. We discuss the generalization of the MRF method to logging data acquired by the Combinable Magnetic Resonance (CMR)** tool and apply the method to mixture data acquired by a CMR tool on crude-oil and water samples. We also discuss the existing database of MRF results on partially saturated rocks and present new laboratory results that include blind tests on Yates field dolomite rocks measured at initial and residual oil saturation. The sources of uncertainty inherent in NMR diffusion-based viscosity estimation in reservoir rocks are discussed, and we propose a strategy that accounts for the uncertainties and provides reasonable estimates of oil saturations and viscosities. The strategy is applied to the MRF analysis of the field data in this paper. The MRF method is applied to CMR station log data acquired in three wells. Analysis of the MRF data and the results from each of these wells is discussed.
Edge concentration: a method for clustering directed graphs (1989)

The display of a directed graph is a commonly used visual aid for representing relationships. However, some graphs contain so many edges that their display by traditional graph layout algorithms is virtually impossible because of the overwhelming number of crossings. Graphs representing large software systems and their configurations are particularly prone to this problem. Examples of such graphs include: graphs depicting a system's configuration, call graphs, graphs depicting import and export relationships between modules, and graphs depicting the “includes” relation among a system's source files. This paper proposes the elimination of some edges by replacing sets of edges that have the same set of source and target nodes by a special node called an edge concentration node . Reducing the number of edges often has the desirable side effect of reducing the number of crossings. An algorithm that determines a reasonable set of edge concentrations of a graph in Ο( n 4 ) operations for each level in the graph is presented where n is the number of nodes in that level. Several examples from the area of software configuration management are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of using edge concentrations.
A checkpoint compression study for high-performance computing systems (2015)

As high-performance computing systems continue to increase in size and complexity, higher failure rates and increased overheads for checkpoint/restart (CR) protocols have raised concerns about the practical viability of CR protocols for future systems. Previously, compression has proven to be a viable approach for reducing checkpoint data volumes and, thereby, reducing CR protocol overhead leading to improved application performance. In this article, we further explore compression-based CR optimization by exploring its baseline performance and scaling properties, evaluating whether improved compression algorithms might lead to even better application performance and comparing checkpoint compression against and alongside other software- and hardware-based optimizations. Our results highlights are that: (1) compression is a very viable CR optimization; (2) generic, text-based compression algorithms appear to perform near optimally for checkpoint data compression and faster compression algorithms will not lead to better application performance; (3) compression-based optimizations fare well against and alongside other software-based optimizations; and (4) while hardware-based optimizations outperform software-based ones, they are not as cost effective.
Inactivation of human angiotensin converting enzyme by copper peptide complexes containing ATCUN motifs (2005)

The copper complex [KGHK-Cu]+ demonstrates catalytic inactivation of human angiotensin converting enzyme at sub-saturating concentrations, under oxidative conditions, with an observed rate constant k approximately 2.9 +/- 0.5 x 10(-2) min(-1).
A Novel, Highly Selective Inhibitor of Pestivirus Replication That Targets the Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (2005)

We report on the highly potent and selective antipestivirus activity of 5-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (BPIP). The 50% effective concentration (EC50) for inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-induced cytopathic effect formation was 0.04 +/- 0.01 microM. Comparable reduction of viral RNA synthesis (EC50 = 0.12 +/- 0.02 microM) and production of infectious virus (EC50= 0.074 +/- 0.003 microM) were observed. The selectivity index (ratio of 50% cytostatic concentration/EC50) of BPIP was approximately 2,000. BPIP was inactive against the hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicon and yellow fever virus but demonstrated weak activity against GB virus. Drug-resistant mutants were at least 300-fold less susceptible to BPIP than wild-type virus; showed cross-resistance to N-propyl-N-[2-(2H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylthio)ethyl]-1-propanamine (VP32947), and carried the F224S mutation in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). When the F224S mutation was introduced into an infectious clone, the drug-resistant phenotype was obtained. BPIP did not inhibit the in vitro activity of recombinant BVDV RdRp, but did inhibit the activity of replication complexes (RCs). Computational docking revealed that F224 is located at the top of the finger domain of the polymerase. Docking of BPIP in the crystal structure of the BVDV RdRp revealed aromatic ring stacking, some hydrophobic contacts, and a hydrogen bond. Since two structurally unrelated compounds, i.e., BPIP and VP32947, target the same region of the BVDV RdRp, this position may be expected to be critical in the functioning of the polymerase or assembly of the RC. The potential of BPIP for the treatment of pestivirus and hepacivirus infections is discussed.
Cardiac Findings in 73 Patients With Muscular Dystrophy (1963)

The frequency of cardiac and electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with the various forms of muscular dystrophy is difficult to determine from reviewing the literature. Many reports have consisted of single case studies1,2or have dealt with relatively small numbers of patients.3,4Comparisons between different studies have been hampered by a lack of uniformity in classifying the various forms of muscular dystrophy and because the diagnostic criteria used in interpreting the electrocardiograms are not stated. The purpose of this report is to present the cardiac findings, including electrocardiographic data, in 73 patients with muscular dystrophy. Material and Methods A total of 118 patients with definite evidence of muscular dystrophy were seen on one or more occasions at the University of Oklahoma Medical Center from 1955 through 1960. The majority of these patients were examined by more than one of us. The patients were divided into four groups according to
Micro semiautomated analysis of surface and waste waters for chemical oxygen demand (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicro semiautomated analysis of surface and waste waters for chemical oxygen demandAndrea M. Jirka and Mark J. CarterCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 8, 1397–1402Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60358a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60358a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1536Altmetric-Citations250LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A FRAMEWORK TO RELIEVE WIRELESS HOT-SPOT CONGESTION BY MEANS OF AD HOC CONNECTIONS (2003)

Abstract — In recent years, wireless public networks have been widely deployed to provide high-speed Internet access to mobile users. Due to the dynamic and uneven distribution of user requests, some access points (the so-called “hot-spots”) may be congested by many users. In order to alleviate such congestion, we introduce an ad hoc relaying wireless LAN framework in this paper. A user can be served by a neighboring access point through an ad hoc connection in such a network. We propose a framework to establish such ad hoc connections. Using simulations, we show that the framework is efficient to reduce the service failure rate as well as to improve channel utilization in hot-spot networks. I.
Predicting Soil Organic Carbon Content Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing in a Degraded Mountain Landscape in Lesotho (2020)

Soil organic carbon constitutes an important indicator of soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to predict soil organic carbon content in the mountainous terrain of eastern Lesotho, southern Africa, which is an area of high endemic biodiversity as well as an area extensively used for small-scale agriculture. An integrated field and laboratory approach was undertaken, through measurements of reflectance spectra of soil using an Analytical Spectral Device (ASD) FieldSpec® 4 optical sensor. Soil spectra were collected on the land surface under field conditions and then on soil in the laboratory, in order to assess the accuracy of field spectroscopy-based models. The predictive performance of two different statistical models (random forest and partial least square regression) was compared. Results show that random forest regression can most accurately predict the soil organic carbon contents on an independent dataset using the field spectroscopy data. In contrast, the partial least square regression model overfits the calibration dataset. Important wavelengths to predict soil organic contents were localised around the visible range (400–700 nm). This study shows that soil organic carbon can be most accurately estimated using derivative field spectroscopy measurements and random forest regression.
An exploration hydrogeochemical study at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA, using high resolution ICP-MS (2012)

A hydrogeochemical study using high resolution ICP-MS was undertaken at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit and surrounding mineral occurrences. Surface water and groundwater samples from regional background and the deposit area were collected at 168 sites. Rigorous quality control reveals impressive results at low nanogram per litre (ng/l) levels. Sites with pH values below 5.1 are from ponds in the Pebble West area, where sulphide-bearing rubble crop is thinly covered. Relative to other study area waters, anomalous concentrations of Cu, Cd, K, Ni, Re, the REE, Tl, SO 4 2− and F − are present in water samples from Pebble West. Samples from circum-neutral waters at Pebble East and parts of Pebble West, where cover is much thicker, have anomalous concentrations of Ag, As, In, Mn, Mo, Sb, Th, U, V, and W. Low-level anomalous concentrations for most of these elements were also found in waters surrounding nearby porphyry and skarn mineral occurrences. Many of these elements are present in low ng/l concentration ranges and would not have been detected using traditional quadrupole ICP-MS. Hydrogeochemical exploration paired with high resolution ICP-MS is a powerful new tool in the search for concealed deposits.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Studies on mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte interferon as a new technique for assessing T lymphocyte effector function. (1974)

The present study employs a new technique for the study of human T-cell effector function in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: mitogen-stimulated interferon. Cultures of macrophages, T cell-enriched lymphocytes, or macrophages and lymphocytes combined were prepared from the blood of fourteen normal donors and five patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The effects of the mitogens, phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed, on interferon production and lymphocyte transformation were studied and the following observations made: (a) T-cell effector and proliferative functions were depressed as evidenced by the absence of interferon and proliferative response to PHA and PWM at 3 days in vitro; (b) Three out of five patients showed no interferon or proliferative response at 6 days, thus indicating a B lymphocyte abnormality as well; (c) macrophages from both normal and leukaemic subjects augmented mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte interferon production and lymphocyte transformation. However, the addition of normal allogeneic macrophages to cultures of lymphocytes prepared from the patients did not restore the proliferative and interferon responses to normal levels.
Simvastatin attenuated rat thoracic aorta remodeling by decreasing ROCK2-mediated CyPA secretion and CD147-ERK1/2-cyclin pathway (2017)

Reactive oxygen species‑induced cyclophilin A (CyPA) release from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may be inhibited by simvastatin in vitro. The present study aimed to further examine the effect of simvastatin on serum CyPA levels and the basigin (CD147)‑extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2‑cyclin pathway during thoracic aorta remodeling. The mechanisms through which simvastatin may inhibit CyPA secretion from VSMCs were further investigated. Serum CyPA levels and the expression kinetics of CyPA‑associated signaling pathways were examined following simvastatin treatment in rat thoracic aortas during hypertension. Cell lysates were prepared from middle layer of thoracic aortas at 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks subsequent to surgery. ELISA analysis revealed that serum CyPA levels were gradually increased with the progression of thoracic aorta remodeling. Western blotting demonstrated that the expression of CD147, phosphorylated‑ERK1/2, cyclin D1, cyclin A, and cyclin E were increased with the progression of thoracic aorta remodeling. Simvastatin administration for 4, 8 and 12 weeks diminished all these changes, as observed in the hypertensive group. VSMCs from simvastatin‑treated rats secreted a decreased amount of CyPA compared with VSMCs from hypertensive rats. In addition, pretreatment with geranylgeraniol partly reversed the inhibitory effect of simvastatin on LY83583‑induced CyPA secretion in cultured VSMCs, whereas GGTI‑298 and KD025 [a selective Rho‑associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) inhibitor] mimicked the inhibitory effect of simvastatin. The present study demonstrated that simvastatin alleviated thoracic aorta remodeling by reducing CyPA secretion and expression of the CD147‑ERK1/2‑cyclin signaling pathway. In addition, the results of the present study demonstrated that the Rho‑ROCK2 pathway mediated CyPA secretion from VSMCs.
Phytotron Experiments to Evaluate the Effect of Growing Plants on Denitrification (1985)

Abstract The amount and availability of plant rhizosphere carbon deposits and their influence on microbial denitrification in soil are not clearly defined. To evaluate this possibly important facet of fertilizer N loss from agricultural soils a study was conducted to simultaneously quantify the carbon fixed by plants and the fate of fertilizer nitrogen applied to the soil during a plant growing season. Corn ( Zea mays ) or wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) was grown in a phytotron under a continuous supply of 14 CO 2 in 15 N fertilized soil. The results of the studies show that denitrification was not stimulated in soils planted with corn or wheat compared to unplanted soil. About 60% of the root biomass carbon could be found in the soil as rhizodeposited carbon at the termination of the experiments. Only 5 to 7% of this carbon was, however, extractable with water or 2 M Na 2 SO 4 . This suggests that even though a sufficient quantity of carbon was deposited in the soil by the plants that the carbon was not available for denitrification.
A biomarker concept for assessment of insulin resistance, beta-cell function and chronic systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2008)

The classification of patients with type 2 diabetes by means of the classical clinical and laboratory markers (HbA1c, glucose, lipids, BMI and blood pressure) is a classification by symptoms and does not provide an insight into the underlying pathophysiological disorders, insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction and adipogenesis. However, a better understanding of these disorders may be helpful for the selection of appropriate and successful therapeutic interventions. The assessment of beta-cell dysfunction has become of special interest as more drugs have been developed that are supposed to protect these cells or preserve their functional capacity, such as GLP-1 analogs or DPPIV-inhibitors. Next to conventional means of beta-cell function assessment, HOMA-score and meal related functional parameters, the determination of fasting intact proinsulin or the proinsulin/insulin ratio have become popular methods to describe the impact of new drugs on the insulin secreting cells. They have been investigated and validated in multiple cross-sectional and interventional controlled clinical studies. Routine assessment of these markers in addition to adiponectin and hsCRP may allow for a better understanding of the underlying disease conditions and optimization of the anti-diabetic and anti-atherosclerotic therapy targeting beyond simple glucose control.
40-Gb/s optical 3R regenerator using electroabsorption modulators for optical networks (2002)

A 40-Gb/s optical retiming, reshaping, and retransmitting (3R) regenerator was proposed and demonstrated using wavelength converters based on electroabsorption (EA) modulators for effectively implementing 40-Gb/s-based or higher bit rate wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. The proposed optical 3R regenerator is configured in a very simple architecture, consisting of two wavelength converters, a clock recovery section, and an optical clock generator section. Furthermore, the stable and polarization-insensitive operation, as well as simple adjustment of an optimal operation condition of our proposed optical 3R regenerator, were confirmed by conducting transmission experiments. To investigate the applicability of optical 3R regenerators to optical networks, it was evaluated by insertion between two 500-km-long segments of transmission line. A Q-factor improvement of about 1.5 dB was obtained after transmission over 1000 km, compared to evaluation without the regenerator. This type of optical 3R regenerator proves extremely useful in future high-speed and scaleable all-optical networks.