gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical analysis of Ewing's sarcoma cell surface antigen p30/32MIC2. (1991)

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) HBA71, which was raised against Ewing's sarcoma cells, recognizes a cell-surface glycoprotein, p30/32MIC2, that is encoded by the MIC2 gene in the pseudoautosomal region of human chromosomes X and Y. This immunohistochemical study evaluates the specificity and sensitivity of MAb HBA71 for tumor diagnosis. Frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues of more than 300 tumors of diverse histologic type, including more than 100 small round cell tumors of childhood and adolescence, were tested with this MAb by the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase procedure. The authors found HBA71 immunoreactivity in 61 of 63 Ewing's sarcomas studied and 9 of 11 primitive neuroectodermal tumors and peripheral neuroepitheliomas. HBA71-negative tumors included neuroblastomas (0 of 24), melanomas (0 of 13), an esthesioneuroblastoma, small cell osteosarcomas (0 of 2), a malignant ectomesenchymoma, desmoplastic SRCT (0 of 5), and medulloblastomas (0 of 5). Heterogeneous expression of HBA71 immunostaining was found in some embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas (3 of 14) and astrocytomas (4 of 7), and in a few neuroendocrine tumors (4 of 26), carcinomas (3 of 94), and lymphomas (6 of 30). Because Ewing's sarcomas are consistently HBA71 positive, the authors searched for antigen-positive normal cells that may represent precursors for these tumors; however, no obvious candidate for the elusive cell of origin for Ewing's sarcoma was identified in the normal fetal tissues tested. Their findings indicate that HBA71 is a highly restricted cell-surface antigen of Ewing's sarcomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and immunohistochemistry employing this antibody may be of value in the differential diagnosis of selected small round cell tumors in childhood and adolescence.
Analysis of behavioral effects of drugs (1990)

Abstract Behavioral pharmacology has largely replaced explanations of the behavioral effects of drugs in terms of hypothetical constructs with descriptions of the environmental or behavioral factors that modify drug effects and by characterization of behavioral mechanisms of drug action. The qualitative and quantitative modulation of behavioral effects of drugs by current and past behavioral and environmental variables has been amply demonstrated. However, fewer studies have been directed toward elucidation of behavioral mechanisms of drug action. The concept of behavioral mechanism implies that drugs can alter behavior in a manner functionally equivalent to the manner in which other variables alter behavior. Owing to the complexity of the determinants of behavior, a host of tactics is required for a comprehensive analysis of the behavioral effects of drugs. Detailed understanding of the various interpretations associated with the results of descriptive and mechanistic studies is essential to the development of adequate accounts of the manner in which drugs affect behavior. Studies elucidating the behavioral or environmental factors that influence the behavioral effects of drugs as well as studies of behavioral mechanisms of drug action may aid other disciplines within pharmacology and the neurosciences by ultimately pinpointing specific behavioral substrates of drug action. This information should greatly facilitate further investigations of the link between behavior and physiological processes as well as provide rational bases for development.
A theoretical and experimental analysis of polymerization shrinkage of bone cement: A potential major source of porosity (2000)

A theoretical basis for understanding polymerization shrinkage of bone cement is presented based on density changes in converting monomer to polymer. Also, an experimental method, based on dilatometry and the Archimedes' principle is presented for highly precise and accurate measurement of unconstrained volumetric shrinkage of bone cement. Furthermore, a theoretical and experimental analysis of polymerization shrinkage in a constrained deformational state is presented to demonstrate that porosity can develop due to shrinkage. Six bone-cement conditions (Simplex-Ptrade mark vacuum and hand mixed, Endurancetrade mark vacuum mixed, and three two-solution experimental bone cements with higher initial monomer levels) were tested for volumetric shrinkage. It was found that shrinkage varied statistically (p< or = 0.05) from 5.1% (hand-mixed Simplex-Ptrade mark) to 6.7% (vacuum-mixed Simplex-Ptrade mark) to 10.5% for a 0.6:1 (polymer g/monomer mL) two-solution bone cement. Shrinkage was highly correlated with initial monomer content (R(2) = 0.912) but with a lower than theoretically expected rate. This discrepancy was due to the presence of residual monomer after polymerization. Using previously determined residual monomer levels, the theoretic shrinkage analysis was shown to be predictive of the shrinkage results with some residual monomer left after polymerization. Polymerization of a two-solution bone cement in a constrained state resulted in pores developing with volumes predicted by the theory that they are the result of shrinkage. The results of this study show that shrinkage of bone cement under certain constrained conditions may result in the development of porosity at the implant-bone cement interface and elsewhere in the polymerizing cement mantle.
Unusual Cell Adhesion and Antithrombogenic Behavior of Citric Acid-Cross-Linked Collagen Matrices (2007)

We have developed a novel biodegradable matrix that has unusual cell adhesion and antithrombogenic properties. The prepared biodegradable matrix was alkali-treated collagen (AlCol) cross-linked with citric acid derivative (CAD), named as AlCol-CAD. The swelling ratio of AlCol-CAD decreased with increasing CAD concentration, but with a further increase of the CAD concentration, the swelling ratio of AlCol-CAD also began to increase; this behavior showed a point where the swelling ratio reached a minimum value before increasing. The highest shrinkage states of 7.5%, 15%, and 30% (w/v) in AlCol-CAD were observed at CAD concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 mM, respectively, and moreover, the residual amino groups in AlCol-CAD were found to decrease with increasing CAD concentration. On the other hand, increases in carboxyl groups of 7.5% and 15% (w/v) in AlCol-CAD were found at CAD concentrations higher than 10 and 20 mM, respectively, whereas, at CAD concentrations from 10 to 40 mM, no significant change of the carboxyl groups was observed in 30% (w/v) AlCol-CAD. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) adhesion on 15% (w/v) AlCol-CAD increased with increasing CAD concentration up to 20 mM and then slightly decreased. In the case of 30% (w/v) AlCol-CAD, the number of adhered HUVECs on AlCol-CAD increased with increasing CAD concentration. Furthermore, it was observed that HUVECs had excellent cell proliferation on 15% (w/v) AlCol-CAD at CAD concentrations of 20 and 40 mM, after incubation for 7 days. No thrombus formation was observed on 15% (w/v) AlCol-CAD at CAD concentrations above 20 mM. These results suggested that the 15% (w/v) AlCol-CAD at CAD concentrations above 20 mM has both HUVEC adhesion and antithrombogenic properties.
Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of Illudins:  Analogues Possessing a Spiro-cyclobutane Ring (2003)

Bicyclic and tricyclic analogues of anticancer sesquiterpene illudin S have been synthesized. These contain a spiro-cyclobutane instead of spiro-cyclopropane structure. The cytotoxicity of the former is less than that of the corresponding cyclopropane-containing compounds.
Simulations for Validation of Vision Systems (2015)

As the computer vision matures into a systems science and engineering discipline, there is a trend in leveraging latest advances in computer graphics simulations for performance evaluation, learning, and inference. However, there is an open question on the utility of graphics simulations for vision with apparently contradicting views in the literature. In this paper, we place the results from the recent literature in the context of performance characterization methodology outlined in the 90's and note that insights derived from simulations can be qualitative or quantitative depending on the degree of fidelity of models used in simulation and the nature of the question posed by the experimenter. We describe a simulation platform that incorporates latest graphics advances and use it for systematic performance characterization and trade-off analysis for vision system design. We verify the utility of the platform in a case study of validating a generative model inspired vision hypothesis, Rank-Order consistency model, in the contexts of global and local illumination changes, and bad weather, and high-frequency noise. Our approach establishes the link between alternative viewpoints, involving models with physics based semantics and signal and perturbation semantics and confirms insights in literature on robust change detection.
An Ultra pH‐Sensitive and Aptamer‐Equipped Nanoscale Drug‐Delivery System for Selective Killing of Tumor Cells (2013)

Nanotechnology has often been applied in the development of targeted drug-delivery systems for the treatment of cancer. An ideal nanoscale system for drug delivery should be able to selectively deliver and rapidly release the carried therapeutic drug(s) in cancer cells and, more importantly, not react to off-target cells so as to eliminate unwanted toxicity on normal tissues. To reach this goal, a selective chemotherapeutic is formulated using a hollow gold nanosphere (HAuNS) equipped with a biomarker-specific aptamer (Apt), and loaded with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX). The formed Apt-HAuNS-Dox, approximately 42 nm in diameter, specifically binds to lymphoma tumor cells and does not react to control cells that do not express the biomarker. Through aptamer-mediated selective cell binding, the Apt-HAuNS-Dox is internalized exclusively into the targeted tumor cells, and then released the DOX intracellularly. Of note, although the formed Apt-HAuNS-Dox is stable under normal biological conditions (pH 7.4), it appears ultrasensitive to pH change and rapidly releases 80% of the loaded DOX within 2 h at pH 5.0, a condition seen in cell lysosomes. Functional assays using cell mixtures show that the Apt-HAuNS-Dox selectively kills lymphoma tumor cells, but has no effect on the growth of the off-target cells in the same cultures, indicating that this ultra pH-sensitive Apt-HAuNS-Dox can selectively treat cancer through specific aptamer guidance, and will have minimal side effects on normal tissue.
Anomalous Interface and Surface Strontium Segregation in (La<sub>1–<i>y</i></sub>Sr<sub><i>y</i></sub>)<sub>2</sub>CoO<sub>4±δ</sub>/La<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Sr<sub><i>x</i></sub>CoO<sub>3−δ</sub> Heterostructured Thin Films (2014)

Heterostructured oxides have shown unusual electrochemical properties including enhanced catalytic activity, ion transport, and stability. In particular, it has been shown recently that the activity of oxygen electrocatalysis on the Ruddlesden-Popper/perovskite (La1-ySry)2CoO4±δ/La1-xSrxCoO3-δ heterostructure is remarkably enhanced relative to the Ruddlesden-Popper and perovskite constituents. Here we report the first atomic-scale structure and composition of (La1-ySry)2CoO4±δ/La1-xSrxCoO3-δ grown on SrTiO3. We observe anomalous strontium segregation from the perovskite to the interface and the Ruddlesden-Popper phase using direct X-ray methods as well as with ab initio calculations. Such Sr segregation occurred during the film growth, and no significant changes were found upon subsequent annealing in O2. Our findings provide insights into the design of highly active catalysts for oxygen electrocatalysis.
Evaluation of the quality consistency of powdered poppy capsule extractive by an averagely linear‐quantified fingerprint method in combination with antioxidant activities and two compounds analyses (2017)

A novel averagely linear-quantified fingerprint method was proposed and successfully applied to monitor the quality consistency of alkaloids in powdered poppy capsule extractive. Averagely linear-quantified fingerprint method provided accurate qualitative and quantitative similarities for chromatographic fingerprints of Chinese herbal medicines. The stability and operability of the averagely linear-quantified fingerprint method were verified by the parameter r. The average linear qualitative similarity SL (improved based on conventional qualitative "Similarity") was used as a qualitative criterion in the averagely linear-quantified fingerprint method, and the average linear quantitative similarity PL was introduced as a quantitative one. PL was able to identify the difference in the content of all the chemical components. In addition, PL was found to be highly correlated to the contents of two alkaloid compounds (morphine and codeine). A simple flow injection analysis was developed for the determination of antioxidant capacity in Chinese Herbal Medicines, which was based on the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical by antioxidants. The fingerprint-efficacy relationship linking chromatographic fingerprints and antioxidant activities was investigated utilizing orthogonal projection to latent structures method, which provided important pharmacodynamic information for Chinese herbal medicines quality control. In summary, quantitative fingerprinting based on averagely linear-quantified fingerprint method can be applied for monitoring the quality consistency of Chinese herbal medicines, and the constructed orthogonal projection to latent structures model is particularly suitable for investigating the fingerprint-efficacy relationship.
Student skill and goal achievement in the mapping with google MOOC (2014)

Students who registered for the Mapping with Google massive open online course (MOOC) were asked several questions during the registration process to identify prior experience with eleven skills as well as their goals for registering for the course. Students selected goals from a list; they were periodically reminded of these goals during the MOOC. At the end of the course, we compared students' self reports of goal achievement on a post-course survey with behavioral click-stream analysis. In addition, we assessed how well prior skill in a subject predicts a student's course completion and found no correlation. Our research shows that students who completed course activities were more likely to earn certificates of completion than peers who did not.
Video see-through design for merging of real and virtual environments (2002)

A head mounted display (HMD) that is optically opaque with respect to the outer world can be provided with see-through capability by mounting video cameras to the outside of the helmet. Stereoscopic views of the physical space surrounding the wearer are captured by the video cameras, and are projected to the display screens inside the HMD. The conditions necessary for mounting the cameras to a pre-existing, non-see-through HMD are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of different mounting schemes are discussed, together with the design of the video cameras lenses to be used with this specific application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Amperometric determination of ammonia gas with immobilized nitrifying bacteria (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmperometric determination of ammonia gas with immobilized nitrifying bacteriaIsao. Karube, Tadashi. Okada, and Shuichi. SuzukiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 12, 1852–1854Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00235a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00235a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
TagProp: Discriminative metric learning in nearest neighbor models for image auto-annotation (2009)

Image auto-annotation is an important open problem in computer vision. For this task we propose TagProp, a discriminatively trained nearest neighbor model. Tags of test images are predicted using a weighted nearest-neighbor model to exploit labeled training images. Neighbor weights are based on neighbor rank or distance. TagProp allows the integration of metric learning by directly maximizing the log-likelihood of the tag predictions in the training set. In this manner, we can optimally combine a collection of image similarity metrics that cover different aspects of image content, such as local shape descriptors, or global color histograms. We also introduce a word specific sigmoidal modulation of the weighted neighbor tag predictions to boost the recall of rare words. We investigate the performance of different variants of our model and compare to existing work. We present experimental results for three challenging data sets. On all three, TagProp makes a marked improvement as compared to the current state-of-the-art.
Co-expression of CXCR4/fusin and galactosylceramide in the human intestinal epithelial cell line HT-29 (1997)

HIV-1 entry into human intestinal cells involves both GalCer and CXCR4/fusin. HIV-1 isolates such as 89.6 that are able to use CXCR4/fusin as coreceptor, but do not bind to GalCer, do not infect these cells. These data raise the possibility that CXCR4/fusin may function as a coreceptor for HIV-1 entry into CD4-/GalCer+ intestinal epithelial cells.
Skeletides: A Modular, Simplified Physical Model of Protein Secondary Structure (2020)

Three-dimensional (3D) models are essential for visualization and conceptual understanding of complex architectures such as protein structure. Although there is a plethora of software platforms that allow digital depictions of protein structure at an atomic level in silico , physical models are needed to convey an intuitive understanding of biomolecular architecture. However, it is a challenge to represent all the relevant features of proteins in a single physical model due to their sheer structural complexity. Here, we describe a modular protein model that focuses only on representation of the secondary structure—the underlying structural skeleton. The simplified model consists of amino acid units, which can be linked together to reproduce the two most fundamental structural features of protein secondary structure: the relative positions of the amino acid alpha carbon atoms, and the intra-main chain hydrogen bonding pattern. We use 3D printing and magnets to create a set of three modular amino acid building blocks, which when linked together into a chain, can faithfully represent alpha helices, beta sheets, and turns. These simple to make models can be used to quickly assemble the alpha carbon trace of an entire protein domain, which conveys a tactile experience of the complexity of protein skeletal architecture. These models highlight the modularity of protein structure: where a single structural unit, the amino acid, can be linked together to form a larger, regular secondary structure. These models also have a propensity to spontaneously organize into alpha helices and beta sheets, as demonstrated by their ability to autonomously assemble when placed in a circulating water tank. These models provide a missing educational tool to expand knowledge of protein structure, foster deeper insight into protein folding, and inspire greater interest in biomacromolecular architecture.
Reliability and validity of the PAS‐ADD Checklist for detecting psychiatric disorders in adults with intellectual disability (1998)

The PAS-ADD Checklist is a screening instrument specifically designed to help staff recognize mental health problems in the people with intellectual disability for whom they care, and to make informed referral decisions. The instrument consists of a life-events checklist and 29 symptom items scored on a four-point scale. Scores are combined to provide three threshold scores. The crossing of any of these thresholds indicates the need for a fuller assessment. The items are worded in everyday language, making the Checklist suitable for use by individuals who do not have a background in psychopathology. The present paper presents the results of a number of studies evaluating the reliability and validity of the Checklist. Factor analysis of Checklists completed on a community sample of 201 individuals yielded eight factors, of which seven were readily interpretable in diagnostic terms. Internal consistency of the scales was generally acceptable. Inter-rater reliability in respect to individual items gave a fairly low average Kappa of 0.42. However, agreement on case identification, the main purpose of the Checklist, was quite good, with 83% of the decision being in agreement. Validity in relation to clinical opinion was also satisfactory, case detection rising appropriately with the clinically judged severity of disorder. The PAS-ADD Checklist is published and distributed by the Hester Adrian Research Centre, Manchester, England, from where further information and order forms are available on request.
Passive synchronization between a self-similar pulse and a bound-soliton bunch in a two-color mode-locked fiber laser (2009)

We report the first (to our knowledge) experimental observation of passive synchronization between a 1.03 microm self-similar pulse and a 1.56 microm bound-soliton bunch in a two-color mode-locked fiber laser. The self-similar pulse can form an effective potential well of several picoseconds to trap the copropagating bound solitons in the shared-fiber section. Such synchronization mechanism is supported by the experimental evidence of smaller time separation between the bound solitons under synchronization. In addition, the self-similar pulse and bound solitons can still remain locked under the periodic collision of another 1.56 microm unlocked pulse train.