gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing rotor speed variations of floating wind turbines by compensation of non‐minimum phase zeros (2013)

Applying a land‐based designed pitch controller on a floating wind turbine may cause severe instability. A common strategy to overcome this problem is to reduce the closed‐loop bandwidth of the pitch control system. In doing so, the generator speed variation increases possibly leading to shutdowns because of overspeed. This study uses a parallel path modification to avoid instability without increasing the generator speed variation. The results of comprehensive simulations and load calculations carried out on a benchmark wind turbine are presented. These demonstrate that by using the proposed method it is possible to apply the land‐based designed pitch controller on its floater‐based equivalent.
Rheologische Eigenschaften des Systems Calciumalginat‐Kartoffelstärke‐hydrolysat‐Wasser (1979)

The rheological properties of liquid solutions and gels of sodium alginate, calcium gluconate and gelling maltodextrin were investigated and compared with the behaviour of pastes and gels of non-degraded potato starch. The dependence of the rheological properties upon the calcium gluconate concentration is extreme. A marked increase in the viscosity of the liquid solutions and maximal values for the hardness and the breaking strength of the gels are obtained at a calcium gluconate/sodium alginate ratio of 0.3. As to breaking strength, elasticity and hardness, the maltodextrin-based gels are many times inferior to the potato starch-based gels. The breaking strength, hardness and elasticity of maltodextrin gels are increased by the addition of sodium alginate and calcium gluconate, which increases their effectiveness when used in foods.
Determination of Protein-Bound Carbohydrate in Serum by Modified Anthrone Method (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Protein-Bound Carbohydrate in Serum by Modified Anthrone MethodRobert. Shields and William. BurnettCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 7, 885–886Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60163a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60163a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations174LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection and correction of patient movement in prostate brachytherapy seed reconstruction (2005)

Intraoperative dosimetry of prostate brachytherapy can help optimize the dose distribution and potentially improve clinical outcome. Evaluation of dose distribution during the seed implant procedure requires the knowledge of 3D seed coordinates. Fluoroscopy-based seed localization is a viable option. From three x-ray projections obtained at different gantry angles, 3D seed positions can be determined. However, when local anaesthesia is used for prostate brachytherapy, the patient movement during fluoroscopy image capture becomes a practical problem. If uncorrected, the errors introduced by patient motion between image captures would cause seed mismatches. Subsequently, the seed reconstruction algorithm would either fail to reconstruct or yield erroneous results. We have developed an algorithm that permits detection and correction of patient movement that may occur between fluoroscopy image captures. The patient movement is decomposed into translational shifts along the tabletop and rotation about an axis perpendicular to the tabletop. The property of spatial invariance of the co-planar imaging geometry is used for lateral movement correction. Cranio-caudal movement is corrected by analysing the perspective invariance along the x-ray axis. Rotation is estimated by an iterative method. The method can detect and correct for the range of patient movement commonly seen in the clinical environment. The algorithm has been implemented for routine clinical use as the preprocessing step for seed reconstruction.
Circulating microparticles in children with sickle cell anemia: a heterogeneous procoagulant storm directed by hemolysis and fetal hemoglobin (2013)

hronic hemolytic anemias are made up of sickle cell anemia (SCA), beta (b)-thalassemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and unstable hemoglobinopathies. They are associated with a high thrombotic risk. In SCA patients, a high rate of both venous and arterial thrombosis (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism) has been reported. 1 Interestingly, these subjects commonly present with laboratory features of a subclinical hypercoagulable state, 2 charac-
Test of the High-Field $\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Dipole Magnet HD3b (2013)

We report test results for the one meter long dipole HD3b, a block-type accelerator quality Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn magnet built at LBNL with operational bore fields in the range of 13-15 T. The magnet is an upgrade of the previously reported HD2 and HD3a versions, with several modifications implemented to improve conductor positioning, reduce cable “hard-way” bending radius, and strengthen electrical insulation between cables and coil parts. The magnet exhibited long training behavior, but showed a good “memory” of the trained state upon thermal cycling. Ramp-rate dependence of the quench current, field quality performance characteristics, and protection heater studies were conducted. Quench propagation velocity and quench locations were determined based on the voltage signals; quench localization was further improved using inductive quench antenna and acoustic emission sensors. Short- and long-term acoustic precursors to quenching were observed.
Genetic and molecular analysis of recombination events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurring in the presence of the hyper-recombination mutation hpr1. (1989)

The hyper-recombination mutation hpr1 specifically increases mitotic intrachromatid crossovers, with no effect on other mitotic recombination events such as unequal sister chromatid exchange and plasmid-chromosome recombination, and no effect on meiotic recombination and a lesser effect on intrachromosomal gene conversion. The excision repair RAD1 gene is partially required for the expression on the hpr1 phenotype. The simplest hypothesis to account for some of the hpr1 stimulated recombination events is that a heteroduplex DNA intermediate and localized gene conversion are involved. hpr1 stimulated crossover events are independent of intrachromosomal gene conversion events stimulated by the hyper-gene conversion mutation hpr5. This result suggests that different intrachromosomal recombination processes are affected in each mutant strain. We propose that HPR1 may function to inhibit intrachromatid crossovers.
Structure and properties of high-speed melt-spun filaments of poly(butylene terephthalate) (1987)

Filaments of poly(butylene terephthalate) were prepared by melt spinning with take-up velocities in the range 1000–5600 m/min. Two polymers with different molecular weights were used (intrinsic viscosities of 0.75 and 1.0 dL/g). The filaments were characterized using measurements of density, birefringence, shrinkage, thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry), crystal size, crystalline orientation and phases present (wide angle X-ray diffraction), and tensile mechanical properties. Filaments spun from the 0.75 IV polymer with a mass throughput of 6 g/min at 1000 m/min have essentially amorphous structures, while higher take-up velocities result in α-form crystals or, at the highest take-up velocity, a mixture of α-form and β-form crystals. Only α-form crystals were detected in the higher IV polymer. Crystal size varied with crystallographic direction but generally increased as take-up velocity increased. At the lowest take-up velocities the filaments increased in length during thermal shrinkage measurements. With increasing take-up velocity the shrinkage became positive and continued to increase until reaching a maximum in the range of the highest sprinning speeds. This behavior correlates with the variation of the orientation factors of the amorphous phase. A plateau was observed in stress versus strain curves corresponding to strain-induced transformation from α-form to β-form crystals. The length of this plateau increased with increase of take-up velocity and the α-form crystal content in the sample. Both morphology and physical properties varied with polymer molecular weight and melt spinning conditions.
Evaluation of Characteristic Energy Scales of Pressure Stabilized Oxygen Chain States in YBa2Cu3Ox Films (2017)

Abstract : Over the past decade key experiments have been performed by a number of authors on the evolution of characteristic physical properties of the high-Tc compound YBa2Cu3Ox .By using the now available reported values of the critical temperature, Tc, the upper critical field, Hc2(0), the superconducting effective mass, m, and the superconducting penetration depth, , we examine the nature of characteristic energy scales of pressure stabilized quantum structural lattice states in YBa2Cu3Ox films. The report shows the importance of the configuration of heat flow in establishing a well-controlled, high-quality YBa2Cu3Ox film sample. Additionally discussed is the anisotropic thermal conductivity of YBa2Cu3Ox plays a critical role in the final compositional spread of oxygen content. A YBa2Cu3Ox film annealed with a device wherein the heat must flow through the substrate/film interface will result in a poorly controlled oxygen concentration gradient. In contrast, by employing a geometry such that the film and substrate are parallel thermal conduits. This report demonstrates YBa2Cu3Ox films having a well-controlled oxygen concentration gradient that fully spans the range expected from the known thermodynamic relationship between temperature, atmospheric pressure, and dopant (oxygen) concentration. Finally, by using values from the literature, this report examines the evolution of associated energy levels of the stabilized lattice states 10, 130110, 140, and 1, and find evidence for discrete energy levels of the pressure stabilized lattice superstructures.
Intergranular Corrosion (IGA) of Brass (2006)

Dezincification (DA) of brasses can be decreased by alloy additions of As, P or Sb. DA resistant forging and freecutting (DZR) brasses were developed 40 years ago as an alternative to the standard freecutting a/β-brasses which suffer from DA. Now and then intergranular attacks (IGA) were found in the DZR-brasses. It was found, during the development of rig testing and evaluation of DZR-brasses used in fittings and valves in connection with drinking water, that large release of lead could occur. Alloys that suffered from DA normally got much less lead release to the test water. IGA has been proposed as an explanation to the high lead. This paper will give a summary of the IGA process in DZR-brasses and its relation to high Pb content in test water. As and P can form intermetallics with impurity elements, Fe, Mn, Ni in the alloys. The DZR-brasses are normally heat treated in the temperature range 500–600°C in order to decrease or eliminate the β-content. The lead particles will grow preferentially in the grain boundaries during this heat treatment. Precipitates of (Fe, Mn, Ni)(As, P) can form during slow cooling from the β-annealing or a further low temperature annealing. The precipitates are nucleated first in grain boundaries. As or P-free zones are developed around the grain boundaries. Localized DA can thus take place and a whole grain can come loose. The test water will get a content of released alloy elements that theoretically has the same proportions as the DZR-alloy. This has been confirmed in some cases after long time rig testing in corrosive water.
Impact of technology scaling in SOI back-channel total dose tolerance. A 2-D numerical study using self-consistent oxide code (2000)

A new 2D-self-consistent code has been developed and is applied to the understanding of charge trapping in SOI buried oxides and its effect on back-channel MOS leakage in SOI transistors. 2D effects, field-collapse and field-enhancement are observed. Clear indications on scaling trends are obtained with respect to supply voltage and oxide thickness. In thinner oxides, 2D effects are observed for example, the onset of back-channel leakage current is found to be related to the ratio of the channel length on the oxide thickness.
A low power zero-overhead self-timed division and square root unit combining a single-rail static circuit with a dual-rail dynamic circuit (2002)

An asynchronous pipeline scheme that combines a low power static circuit with a high-speed dual-rail dynamic circuit is proposed. The scheme utilizes a dual-rail circuit only in the critical path of an SRT division and square root calculation unit. The proposed implementation of the calculation unit reduced power consumption by more than 1/2 of the full-dynamic implementation while maintaining the calculation speed. Because of the elimination of spurious transitions, the proposed implementation showed even less power consumption over synchronous static circuit implementations. By using 0.3 /spl mu/m triple metal CMOS technology, the calculation time of floating point 56-b full mantissa division and square root is expected to be 45 ns in the worst case.
Electromigration threshold in damascene versus plasma-etched interconnects (1998)

Electromigration threshold has been measured for unpassivated damascene Al(Cu) interconnects by drift experiments on Blech-type test structures, and results are compared to equivalent plasma-etched lines. When using a damascene implementation, the critical product of current density and stripe length increases significantly. As a result, the incubation period, needed for Cu depletion beyond a critical length, is increased over a wide temperature range (155–230 °C). This is shown to be an intrinsic effect, directly controlling the relative electromigration performance of both metallization schemes.
Dielectric Relaxation and Order Parameters in the Nematic and Smectic Phases of 4-n-octyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) (1985)

Abstract The dielectric properties of 8CB in the smectic and nematic phase over the frequency range up to 200 MHz are reported. Two relaxation processes are observed in samples where the director is aligned parallel to the measuring electric field and a broad relaxation process is observed in the perpendicular alignment. The relaxation times do not change significantly at the transition between the smectic and nematic phase, but the activation energy for dipole reorientation appears lower in the smectic phase than in the nematic phase. The results are interpreted to yield the dipole components responsible for the various relaxation processes and also the order parameters.
Human breast areolae as scent organs: Morphological data and possible involvement in maternal-neonatal coadaptation (2006)

In humans, areolar skin glands (AG) enlarge during pregnancy and lactation. Their role in mother-infant interactions may pertain to protective, mechanical, and communicative functions. It was questioned here whether more profuse AG could be related to more optimal adaptation to breastfeeding. A morphological study of the areolae was undertaken between birth and day 3 to assess the number, secretory status, and spatial distribution of AG. These data were related to infants' weight variation, mothers' perception of their infant's behavior at breast, and time between delivery and onset of lactation. AG were seen in virtually all women but with great interindividual variations; their areolar distribution was nonrandom, and about 1/5 of the women had AG giving off a secretion. The AG number was positively related with neonatal weight gain between birth and day 3, and with the mother's perception of infant's latching speed and sucking activity. AG numbers were also positively related with the onset of lactation in first-time mothers. In conclusion, the maternal endowment in AG may contribute to the infants' breastfeeding performance, early growth, and the mother's lactation onset.
Inward-rectifying K+ channels in guard cells provide a mechanism for low-affinity K+ uptake. (1991)

The molecular mechanisms by which higher plant cells take up K+ across the plasma membrane (plasmalemma) remain unknown. Physiological transport studies in a large number of higher plant cell types, including guard cells, have suggested that at least two distinct types of K(+)-uptake mechanisms exist, permitting low-affinity and high-affinity K+ accumulation, respectively. Recent patch clamp studies have revealed the presence of inward-conducting (inward-rectifying) K+ channels in the plasma membrane of higher plant cells. Research on guard cells has suggested that these K+ channels provide a major pathway for proton pump-driven K+ uptake during stomatal opening. In the present study the contribution of inward-rectifying K+ channels to higher plant cell K+ uptake was investigated by examining kinetic properties of guard cell K+ channels in Vicia faba in response to changes in the extracellular K+ concentration. Increasing the extracellular K+ concentration in the range from 0.3 mM to 11.25 mM led to enhancement of inward K+ currents and changes in current-voltage characteristics of K+ channels. The increase in K+ conductance as a function of the extracellular K+ concentration revealed a K(+)-equilibrium dissociation constant (Km) of approximately 3.5 mM, which suggests that inward-rectifying K+ channels can function as a molecular mechanism for low-affinity K+ uptake. Lowering the extracellular K+ concentration in the range from 11 mM to 1 mM induced negative shifts in the activation potential of K+ channels, such that these channels function as a K+ sensor, permitting only K+ uptake. At low extracellular K+ concentrations of 0.3 mM K+, inward-rectifying K+ channels induce hyperpolarization. Results from the present study suggest that inward-rectifying K+ channels constitute an essential molecular mechanism for plant nutrition and growth control by providing a K(+)-sensing and voltage-dependent pathway for low-affinity K+ uptake into higher plant cells and additionally by contributing to plasma membrane potential regulation.
Standardization of Bone Marker Nomenclature (2001)

A recent position paper (1) proposed standardization of the nomenclature of bone markers as outlined in …
VFDB 2019: a comparative pathogenomic platform with an interactive web interface (2018)

The virulence factor database (VFDB, http://www.mgc.ac.cn/VFs/) is devoted to providing the scientific community with a comprehensive warehouse and online platform for deciphering bacterial pathogenesis. The various combinations, organizations and expressions of virulence factors (VFs) are responsible for the diverse clinical symptoms of pathogen infections. Currently, whole-genome sequencing is widely used to decode potential novel or variant pathogens both in emergent outbreaks and in routine clinical practice. However, the efficient characterization of pathogenomic compositions remains a challenge for microbiologists or physicians with limited bioinformatics skills. Therefore, we introduced to VFDB an integrated and automatic pipeline, VFanalyzer, to systematically identify known/potential VFs in complete/draft bacterial genomes. VFanalyzer first constructs orthologous groups within the query genome and preanalyzed reference genomes from VFDB to avoid potential false positives due to paralogs. Then, it conducts iterative and exhaustive sequence similarity searches among the hierarchical prebuilt datasets of VFDB to accurately identify potential untypical/strain-specific VFs. Finally, via a context-based data refinement process for VFs encoded by gene clusters, VFanalyzer can achieve relatively high specificity and sensitivity without manual curation. In addition, a thoroughly optimized interactive web interface is introduced to present VFanalyzer reports in comparative pathogenomic style for easy online analysis.
Theoretical and experimental study of space charge in intense ion beams (1979)

The highly collimated beams of energetic neutral atoms used in controlled thermonuclear fusion research (CTR) require the virtual elimination of space-charge forces in the primary ion beam in order to minimize the angular divergence. A model is presented which describes the behavior of an intense ion beam passing through a gas cell. This theory is used to derive the space-charge field produced by such a beam and shows how its effect can be minimized. This model agrees well with experimental measurements and enables emittance-dominated beams of very high brightness to be obtained which could find applications in fields other than CTR.
The HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor CI1033 enhances cytotoxicity of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin and topotecan by inhibiting breast cancer resistance protein-mediated drug efflux. (2001)

Because the activities of HER family members are elevated and/or aberrant in a variety of human neoplasms, these cell surface receptors are receiving increasing attention as potential therapeutic targets. In the present study, we examined the effect of combining the HER family tyrosine kinase inhibitor CI1033 (PD 183805) with the topoisomerase (topo) I poison 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), the active metabolite of irinotecan, in a number of different cell lines. Colony-forming assays revealed that the antiproliferative effects of simultaneous treatment with CI1033 and SN-38 were synergistic in T98G glioblastoma cells and HCT8 colorectal carcinoma cells, whereas sequential treatments were additive at best. In additional studies examining the mechanistic basis for these findings in T98G cells, immunoblotting revealed that the inhibitory effects of CI1033 on epidermal growth factor receptor autophosphorylation were unaffected by SN-38. Likewise, CI1033 had no effect on topo I polypeptide levels, localization, or activity. Nonetheless, CI1033 markedly enhanced the number of covalent topo I-DNA complexes stabilized by SN-38 or the related agent topotecan (TPT). Analysis of intracellular SN-38 levels by high-performance liquid chromatography and intracellular TPT levels by flow microfluorometry revealed that CI1033 increased the steady-state accumulation of SN-38 and TPT by 9.4 +/- 1.9- and 1.8 +/- 0.2-fold, respectively. Further evaluation revealed that the initial rate of TPT uptake was unaffected by CI1033, whereas the rate of efflux was markedly diminished. Additional studies demonstrated that T98G and HCT8 cells express the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a recently cloned ATP binding cassette transporter. Moreover, CI1033 enhanced the uptake and cytotoxicity of SN-38 and TPT in cells transfected with BCRP but not empty vector. Conversely, CI1033 accumulation was diminished in cells expressing BCRP, suggesting that CI1033 is a substrate for this efflux pump. These results indicate that CI1033 can modulate the accumulation and subsequent cytotoxicity of two widely used topo I poisons in cells that have no history of previous exposure to these agents.