gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lateral Resistance of Piles in Cohesionless Soils (1964)

Methods are presented for the calculation of deflections, ultimate resistance, and moment distribution for laterally loaded single piles and pile groups driven into cohesionless soils. The lateral deflections have been calculated assuming that the coefficient of subgrade reaction increases linearly with depth and that the value of this coefficient depends primarily on the relative density of the supporting soil. The ultimate lateral resistance has been assumed to be governed by the yield or ultimate moment resistance of the pile section or by the ultimate lateral resistance of the supporting soil. The ultimate lateral resistance is assumed to be equal to three times the passive Rankine earth pressure. The deflections and lateral resistance, as calculated by the proposed methods, have been compared with available test data. Satisfactory agreement was found.
Bile Acid Inhibition of P–Glycoprotein-Mediated Transport in Multidrug–Resistant Cells and Rat Liver Canalicular Membrane Vesicles (1994)

To study the effect of bile acids on P-glycoprotein-mediated drug transport, we performed experiments using multidrug resistant cells and rat canalicular membrane vesicles. Cellular accumulation and efflux of rhodamine 123 were measured in drug-resistant cells by means of computerized quantitative image analysis and fluorescence microscopy. ATP-dependent [3H]daunomycin transport was studied by means of rapid filtration in canalicular membrane vesicles prepared from normal rats. Doxorubicin-sensitive (PSI-2) and -resistant (PN1A) 3T3 cells and human-derived hepatocellular carcinoma doxorubicin-sensitive and -resistant cells were used. Taurochenodeoxycholate and glycochenodeoxycholate, taurolithocholate and ursodeoxycholate (50 to 200 mumol/L) inhibited rhodamine 123 and [3H]daunomycin transport in multidrug-resistant cells and canalicular membrane vesicles, respectively, whereas taurocholate, taurodeoxycholate and tauroursodeoxycholate did not. Primary and secondary unconjugated bile acids had no effect. These results reveal that taurolithocholate, taurochenodeoxycholate and glycochenodeoxycholate and ursodeoxycholate inhibit P-glycoprotein-mediated drug transport function in multidrug resistant cell lines and in canalicular membrane vesicles. These results suggest possible interaction between P-glycoprotein function and bile acids in cholestasis and after treatment of patients with ursodeoxycholic or chenodeoxycholic acid.
Impact of thymoglobulin prior to pediatric unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation on immune reconstitution and clinical outcome (2013)

In vivo T-cell depletion might contribute to the delayed immune reconstitution observed after unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT). We studied the impact of early, late, and no antithymocyte globulin (ATG) on immune reconstitution and outcome. One hundred twenty seven children receiving UCBT in London or Utrecht were divided into 3 groups: early ATG (days -9 to -5; n = 33), late ATG (days -5 to 0; n = 48), and no ATG (n = 46). The no-ATG group received mycophenolate mofetile + cyclosporin A as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, while the ATG groups received cyclosporin A + prednisone. End points studied were survival, immune recovery, infections, and GVHD. The probability of survival was similar in all groups: no ATG, 71% ± 8%; early ATG, 68% ± 9%; and late ATG, 61% ± 7%. CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD4(+)-naive T-cell counts were significantly higher (P < .001) in the no-ATG group at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months post-UCBT. In the no-ATG group, significantly fewer viral reactivations (P = .021) were noted. A higher probability of severe acute GVHD (aGVHD; 31%) was found in the no-ATG group compared with 18% (P = .018) for early-ATG and 5% (P < .001) for late-ATG groups. This was not associated with more chronic GVHD (cGVHD).
Dual toroidal photoelectron spectrometer for investigating photodouble ionization in atoms and molecules (1997)

A photoelectron-photoelectron coincidence spectrometer, incorporating two independent toroidal analyzers, has been developed to study photodouble ionization of gas targets using synchrotron radiation. The energy-resolved and angle-dispersed electron images are recorded using two-dimensional position-sensitive detectors. The design and performance of the spectrometer is described, with particular emphasis on the electron optical properties of toroidal deflectors and their associated electrostatic lenses. The operation and calibration of the spectrometer are discussed and sample (γ,2e) results of helium are presented.
Quantitative Texture Analysis with the HIPPO TOF Diffractometer (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Two new human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines and their cytogenetics and responses to growth factors, hormones, cytokines or immunologic effector cells (1992)

Two new human cholangiocarcinoma (CC) cell lines (CC-SW-I and CC-LP-I) were established and maintained in culture for 2 years. Histologically, both original liver tumors were adenocarcinomas, and the cell lines exhibited morphologic features of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed that both cell lines were strongly positive for cytokeratin AEI but negative for carbohydrate tumor-associated antigen, CA19-9. Ultrastructural analysis of both cell lines showed the presence of tight junctional complexes and focally formed microvilli. Both CC cell lines were tumorigenic in nude mice. Cytogenetic analysis showed that both cell lines expressed highly aneuploid karyotypes with numerous structural and numerical deviations. CC-SW-I was hypodiploid with numerous chromosome losses and structural rearrangements, while CC-LP-I was hyperdiploid and displayed multiple additional chromosomes. Doubling times for the CC-SW-I and CC-LP-I cell lines in the presence of 15% fetal bovine serum were 72 hr and 180 hr, respectively. Growth of the CC-SW-I cell line was significantly stimulated in the presence of insulin, while that of the CC-LP-I cell line was significantly augmented by epidermal growth factor (EGF). In contrast, dexamethasone strongly inhibited proliferation of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Among various recombinant cytokines examined for effects on growth or surface antigen expression on CC cell lines, only interleukin I-beta (ILI-beta) strongly inhibited growth of the CC-LP-I cell line, while interferons (IFNs) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were mildly inhibitory. Both tumor cell lines were resistant to natural killer (NK) cells but sensitive to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Preincubation of tumor cells with IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha or TNF-alpha significantly decreased the susceptibility of each tumor cell line to lysis by LAK cells, and the change in sensitivity did not correlate with the expression of HLA antigens or intercellular adhesion molecule-I (ICAM-I) on the surface of tumor cells. These 2 CC cell lines are expected to provide valuable information about cell biology of human CC.
Stimulus Discrimination Among Autonomic Measures: Individual and Group Characteristics (1965)

On three occasions, 5 physiological measures were recorded from 16 male subjects during repeated presentations of two tones, one followed and one not followed by electric shock. For the group, it was found that the measures differed significantly in the degree of discrimination between the tones. For the individuals, there were found to exist both consistent hierarchies of degree of stimulus discrimination among the measures, and consistent hierarchies of response magnitude, the latter most markedly present after elimination of prestimulus differences among subjects utilizing the individuals' regressions. The two hierarchies were observed not to be significantly related, and it is suggested that they furnish useful independent characterization of the autonomic function of the individual.
Wafer-scale aluminum nano-plasmonics (2014)

The design, characterization, and optical modeling of aluminum nano-hole arrays are discussed for potential applications in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and surface-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SEFS). In addition, recently-commercialized work on narrow-band, cloaked wire grid polarizers composed of nano-stacked metal and dielectric layers patterned over 200 mm diameter wafers for projection display applications is reviewed. The stacked sub-wavelength nanowire grid results in a narrow-band reduction in reflectance by 1-2 orders of magnitude, which can be tuned throughout the visible spectrum for stray light control.
Mechanisms of the resistance to the mitochondrial permeability transition in tumour cells (1999)

Tumour cell mitochondria often have a high Ca2+ threshold for induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). The mechanisms of inhibited MPT are briefly reviewed. MPT stimulates the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria. This is central in the signal pathways leading to apoptosis. Inhibited apoptosis may lead to excessive cell proliferation while induced apoptosis is the aim of cancer therapies. Also cell death by necrosis may result from impaired mitochondrial function due to MPT and the resulting decrease in cellular ATP levels. Many prooxidants trigger cell death by inducing MPT. Tumour cells may have greater resistance to prooxidants and free radicals formed also in radiation therapy. One mechanism for the inhibition of MPT could be increased expression of the Bcl-2 protein in tumour cells. We found this to be the case in Zajdela hepatoma mitochondria. Another mechanism could be the increased contents of Mg2+ in tumour mitochondria, since Mg2+ is an inhibitor of MPT. This was found to be the case in Ehrlich ascites tumour cell mitochondria. Other contributing factors could be inhibition of phospholipase A2 by the Mg2+, changes in the amounts and properties of the adenine nucleotide translocator and/or mitochondrial ATP synthase.
Sympathovagal Balance, Nighttime Blood Pressure, and QT Intervals in Normotensive Obese Women (2003)

Sustained weight loss is a safe method to ameliorate diastolic nighttime BP drop and sympathetic overactivity, which may reduce the cardiovascular risk in obese women.
Choice of line spread function sampling distance for computing the MTF of radiographic screen-film systems (1972)

When the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a radiographic screen- film system is computed digitally from experimental line spread function (LSF) data, the LSF must be sampled at a discrete set of positions and the continuous Fourier integral approximated by a sum. The resulting computed MTF will, in general, be an imperfect representation of the true system MTF because of the necessarily finite distances between LSF samples. The fundamental nature of errors in the computed MTFs has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Using the trapezoidal rule to approximate the required integrals, errors in MTFs, computed both from simple mathematical functions representing the screen-film LSF and from experimental screen-film LSF data, were less than 0.005 at all spatial frequencies below 1/(2*sampling distance), if the sampling distance was less than about 25% of the LSF half-width at half-maximum.
Evidence from Liposome Encapsulation for Transport-Limited Microbial Metabolism of Solid Alkanes (1989)

The recalcitrance of xenobiotics may be caused by an absence of transforming enzymes or by their inability to enter microbial cells. A nondestructive method for differentiating between these two possibilities is described. The solid n-alkanes octadecane (C(18)) and hexatriacontane (C(36)) were encapsulated into phosphatidylcholine bilayers (liposomes). The uptake and metabolism rates of encapsulated and unencapsulated substrates were then compared. During 1 h at 25 degrees C, a Pseudomonas isolate took up 1.3% of radiolabeled and unencapsulated C(18) (solid state) versus 23.5% of labeled and encapsulated C(18). Growth at 25 degrees C occurred with an apparent k(s) of 2453 +/- 148 mg/liter. Liposome encapsulation decreased this K(s) to 60 +/- 12 mg/liter. At 34 degrees C, growth on C(18) (liquid state) occurred with an apparent K(s) of 819 +/- 83 mg/liter and on the readily available carbon source succinate, K(s) values were 80 +/- 10 and 13 +/- 7 mg/liter at 25 and 34 degrees C, respectively. At 25 degrees C, the isolate grew on C(36) with an apparent K(s) of 2,698 +/- 831 mg/liter. Liposome encapsulation decreased the K(s) more than 60-fold to 41 +/- 7 mg/liter, resulting in the complete utilization of 400 mg of C(36) per liter in 16 h. Since controls excluded the metabolic utilization of phosphatidylcholine, the results clearly identify transport limitation as the cause for C(36) recalcitrance.
Process development of methane–hydrogen–argon-based deep dry etching of InP for high aspect-ratio structures with vertical facet-quality sidewalls (2001)

We examine methane–hydrogen–argon-based deep dry etching of InP for facet-quality sidewalls by reactive ion etching. A process is developed for etch depths as high as 5.8 μm. Masks studied include Ni, NiCr, Ti, SiO2, and Ti–SiO2. Sidewall roughness was estimated to be a few nm (based on high resolution scanning electron micrographs). This may be useful for fabrication of optical microelectromechanical systems, photonic wires, and photonic crystals in the InP material system.
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Differentiation of Stem Cells: Current Status and Challenges (2009)

Degeneration and loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the cause of a number of degenerative retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetic retinopathy, leading to blindness that affects three million Americans as of now. Transplantation of RPE aims to restore retinal structure and the interaction between the RPE and photoreceptors, which is fundamental to sight. Although a significant amount of progress has been made in the past 20 years in autologous RPE transplantation, sources for RPE cells are limited. Recent advances in stem cell culture and differentiation techniques have allowed the generation of RPE cells from pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we discuss strategies for generating functional RPE cells from human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, and summarize transplantation studies of these derived RPEs. We conclude with challenges in cell-replacement therapies using human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPEs.
Normalization and microbial differential abundance strategies depend upon data characteristics (2017)

These findings guide which normalization and differential abundance techniques to use based on the data characteristics of a given study.
Predicting the Build/Drop Tendency of Rotary Drilling Assemblies (1988)

Summary Today, the majority of rotary bottomhole assemblies (BHA's) for directional control are designed through practical experience and trial and error. This approach can produce satisfactory results when a great deal of local experience can be drawn on. It can prove costly, however, during drilling in a new area because of the increased number of trips and correction runs. This paper demonstrates how a BHA model can be used to predict the directional inclination tendencies of rotary assemblies, thus limiting the uncertainty associated with the traditional BHA design techniques. The technique is demonstrated on data from 17 bit runs from three wells on the same platform in the Gulf of Mexico. Predicted tendencies from BHA descriptions alone proved to be accurate (to an error of ±0.1°/100 ft [±0.03°/10 m]) in more than half the cases. The uncertainty of other predictions appeared to depend on the hole gauge. The distance taken for a BHA to reach a stable build/drop rate after the start of a bit run depends on the length of the BHA. This factor must be taken into account in the prediction of BHA performance.
Top-emitting white organic light-emitting devices with down-conversion phosphors: Theory and experiment (2008)

White top-emitting organic light-emitting devices (TEOLEDs) with down-conversion phosphors are investigated from theory and experiment. The theoretical simulation was described by combining the microcavity model with the down-conversion model. A White TEOLED by the combination of a blue TEOLED with organic down-conversion phosphor 3-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-1-pheny1prop-2-en-1-one was fabricated to validate the simulated results. It is shown that this approach permits the generation of white light in TEOLEDs. The efficiency of the white TEOLED is twice over the corresponding blue TEOLED. The feasible methods to improve the performance of such white TEOLEDs are discussed.
Enhancement of Modulus, Strength, and Toughness in Poly(methyl methacrylate)‐Based Composites by the Incorporation of Poly(methyl methacrylate)‐Functionalized Nanotubes (2006)

Abstract Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes are prepared by in situ polymerization. Infrared absorbance studies reveal covalent bonding between polymer strands and the nanotubes. These treated nanotubes are blended with pure PMMA in solution before drop‐casting to form composite films. Increases in Young's modulus, breaking strength, ultimate tensile strength, and toughness of ×1.9, ×4.7, ×4.6, and ×13.7, respectively, are observed on the addition of less than 0.5 wt % of nanotubes. Effective reinforcement is only observed up to a nanotube content of approximately 0.1 vol %. Above this volume fraction, all mechanical parameters tend to fall off, probably due to nanotube aggregation. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of composite fracture surfaces show a polymer layer coating the nanotubes after film breakage. The fact that the polymer and not the interface fails suggests that functionalization results in an extremely high polymer/nanotube interfacial shear strength.
User Name Alias Extraction in Emails (2011)

Finding out user identity information from emails is one of the important research topics in email mining. Most approaches extract an email user's name only from the header of an email, but there are often many name information appearing in the body of emails, and those names are usually more suitable for representing the sender's or recipient's identity. This paper focuses on the problem of extracting email users' name aliases in the body of plain-text emails. After locating and extracting salutation and signature blocks from email bodies, we can identify the potential aliases in the salutation and signature lines, which can be directly associated with the corresponding email address in email headers, by using named entity recognition(NER) tools. However the identified aliases may be half-baked or there are still some potential aliases that can't be correctly identified. So we propose a novel approach to efficiently and accurately extract aliases in the salutation and signature lines based on name boundary word template built on the characteristics of alias neighboring words. Results on the public subset of the Enron corpus indicate that the approaches presented in this paper can efficiently extract user's aliases from email bodies.
Investigation of molecular interaction within biological macromolecular complexes by mass spectrometry (2006)

The advent of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) has accelerated structural studies of biological macromolecular complexes. At present, mass spectrometry can provide accurate mass values not only of individual biological macromolecules but also of their assemblies. Furthermore, it can also give information on the interface sites of the biological macromolecular complexes. The present article focuses on the role of mass spectrometry in the investigation of biological molecular interactions, such as protein-protein, protein-DNA, and protein-ligand interactions, which play essential roles in various biological events.
Biostatistics in Clinical Trials (2002)

Adaptive and Dynamic Methods of Treatment Assignment. Antibacterial Agent Trials. Audit and Quality Control. Bayesian Methods. Benefit/Risk Assessment. Binding or Masking. Clinical Significance Versus Statistical Significance. Clinical Trials, Overview. Cluster Randomization. Cochrane Collaboration. Community Intervention Trials. Compliance Assessment. CONSORT. Controlled Clinical Trials. Cooperative Cancer Trials. Cooperative Heart Disease Trials. Cooperative Studies Program, US Department of Veterans Affairs. Cost-effectiveness. Covariate Imbalance, Adjustment for. Crossover Designs. Data and Safety Monitoring. Data and Safety Monitoring Boards. Data Management and Coordination. Drug Approval and Regulation. Drug Interactions. Eligibility and Exclusion Criteria. Equivalence Trials. Ethics. European Federation of Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry (EFPSI). European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Factorial Designs. Fraud. Group-randomization Designs. Guidelines. Historical Controls, Bias From. History, Early Cancer and Heart Disease Trials. History, Overview. Intention-to-Treat Analysis. International Studies of Infarct Survival (ISIS). Medical Ethics and Statistics. Medical Research Council (MRC) Streptomycin Trial. Meta-analysis. Missing Data. Multicenter Trials. Multiple Endpoints. Multiplicity. Noncompliance, Adjustment for. Nonrandomized Trials. NSABP and Advances in the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Number Needed to Treat (NNT). Outcome Measures. Pharmaceutical Industry, Statistics in. Phase I Trials. Phase II Trials. Physicians' Health Study. Postmarketing Surveillance of New Drugs and Assessment of Risk. Preclinical Treatment Evaluation. Prevention Trials. Protocols. QUOROM. Randomization. Randomized Treatment Assignment. Salk Vaccine. Sample Size Determination. Screening Trials. Sequential Methods. Society for Clinical Trials. Software. Statistical Review for Medical Journals. Statistical Review for Medical Journals, Guidelines for Authors. Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry (PSI). Surrogate Endpoints. Textbooks. Time-varying Treatment Effect. Treatment--Covariate Interaction. University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP). Vaccine Studies.
A genomic scanning method for higher organisms using restriction sites as landmarks. (1991)

We have developed a powerful genomic scanning method, termed "restriction landmark genomic scanning," that is useful for analysis of the genomic DNA of higher organisms using restriction sites as landmarks. Genomic DNA is radioactively labeled at cleavage sites specific for a rare cleaving restriction enzyme and then size-fractionated in one dimension. The fractionated DNA is further digested with another more frequently occurring enzyme and separated in the second dimension. This procedure gives a two-dimensional pattern with thousands of scattered spots corresponding to sites for the first enzyme, indicating that the genome of mammals can be scanned at approximately 1-megabase intervals. The position and intensity of a spot reflect its locus and the copy number of the corresponding restriction site, respectively, based on the nature of the end-labeling system. Therefore, this method is widely applicable to genome mapping or detection of alterations in a genome.