gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trading and Manipulation Around Seasoned Equity Offerings (1993)

ABSTRACT We investigate the potential for manipulation due to the interaction between secondary market trading prior to a seasoned equity offering (SO) and the pricing of the offering. Informed traders acting strategically may attempt to manipulate offering prices by selling shares prior to the SO, and profit subsequently from lower prices in the offering. The model predicts increased selling prior to a SO, leading to increases in the market maker's inventory and temporary price decreases. Further, since manipulation conceals information, the ratio of temporary to permanent components of the price movements is predicted to increase.
The surface ectoderm is essential for nephric duct formation in intermediate mesoderm (1999)

The nephric duct is the first epithelial tubule to differentiate from intermediate mesoderm that is essential for all further urogenital development. In this study we identify the domain of intermediate mesoderm that gives rise to the nephric duct and demonstrate that the surface ectoderm is required for its differentiation. Removal of the surface ectoderm resulted in decreased levels of Sim-1 and Pax-2 mRNA expression in mesenchymal nephric duct progenitors, and caused inhibition of nephric duct formation and subsequent kidney development. The surface ectoderm expresses BMP-4 and we show that it is required for the maintenance of high-level BMP-4 expression in lateral plate mesoderm. Addition of a BMP-4-coated bead to embryos lacking the surface ectoderm restored normal levels of Sim-1 and Pax-2 mRNA expression in nephric duct progenitors, nephric duct formation and the initiation of nephrogenesis. Thus, BMP-4 signaling can substitute for the surface ectoderm in supporting nephric duct morphogenesis. Collectively, these data suggest that inductive interactions between the surface ectoderm, lateral mesoderm and intermediate mesoderm are essential for nephric duct formation and the initiation of urogenital development.
Transport and Charging in Single Semiconductor Nanocrystals Studied by Conductance Atomic Force Microscopy (2003)

Electrical transport measurements through single InAs and CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in a thin polymer film were performed using conductance atomic force microscopy. The current and topography images showed excellent correlation, where current was detected only over the nanocrystals. A rapid current decay in consecutive scans was observed for positive sample bias, while remaining intact at negative bias. This current decay was accompanied by bias-dependent changes in the height of the nanocrystals. These phenomena, which were not observed for gold nanocrystals, are attributed to long-sustained charging of the nanocrystals.
Browse and discover (2011)

There is a growth in the popularity of social file sharing systems. This paper describes the design of Cattail, a social file sharing system for the enterprise. Through a 'Recent Events' stream, Cattail supports social navigation and exploratory search by inferring relevant social connections rather than purely relying on user-specified contacts. Social navigation is further supported through pivot browsing from a consolidated history of user actions on an individual's files. Through usage log analysis over an 8-month period, we found that Cattail's novel network inference and social navigation features enabled a net gain of clickthroughs. Interviews with users revealed that this led to increased discovery of relevant people and content. We conclude with a discussion of several possible enhancements to the system. Findings from our research provide a strong foundation for the design of social file sharing systems for enterprise settings.
The penetration of reovirus RNA and initiation of its genetic function in L-strain fibroblasts (1968)

Reovirus type 3 is phagocytized by L cells and rapidly sequestered inside lysosomes. Hydrolases within these organelles are capable of stripping the viral coat proteins, but they fail to degrade the double-stranded RNA genome. These observations support the view that sojourn of reovirus in lysosomes, when the lytic enzymes uncoat its genome, is an obligatory step in the sequence of infection. Although the mechanism for transferring the uncoated RNA out of lysosomes remains to be elucidated, evidence is presented suggesting that progeny genomes are bound to site(s) possessing the fine structure of viral inclusions or factories. It appears that both the synthesis of single- and double-stranded viral RNA and the morphogenesis of progeny virus particles occur in such factories.
Automatic target recognition using a feature-decomposition and data-decomposition modular neural network (1998)

A modular neural network classifier has been applied to the problem of automatic target recognition using forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery. The classifier consists of several independently trained neural networks. Each neural network makes a decision based on local features extracted from a specific portion of a target image. The classification decisions of the individual networks are combined to determine the final classification. Experiments show that decomposition of the input features results in performance superior to a fully connected network in terms of both network complexity and probability of classification. Performance of the classifier is further improved by the use of multiresolution features and by the introduction of a higher level neural network on the top of the individual networks, a method known as stacked generalization. In addition to feature decomposition, we implemented a data-decomposition classifier network and demonstrated improved performance. Experimental results are reported on a large set of real FLIR images.
Indexed block coordinate descent for large-scale linear classification with limited memory (2013)

Linear Classification has achieved complexity linear to the data size. However, in many applications, data contain large amount of samples that does not help improve the quality of model, but still cost much I/O and memory to process. In this paper, we show how a Block Coordinate Descent method based on Nearest-Neighbor Index can significantly reduce such cost when learning a dual-sparse model. In particular, we employ truncated loss function to induce a series of convex programs with superior dual sparsity, and solve each dual using Indexed Block Coordinate Descent, which makes use of Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search to select active dual variables without I/O cost on irrelevant samples. We prove that, despite the bias and weak guarantee from ANN query, the proposed algorithm has global convergence to the solution defined on entire dataset, with sublinear complexity each iteration. Experiments in both sufficient and limited memory conditions show that the proposed approach learns many times faster than other state-of-the-art solvers without sacrificing accuracy.
Zur Systematik der Gattung Notostira Fieber (Hem. Het. Miridae) (1957)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
N-hydroxyphthalimide as an effective mediator for the oxidation of alcohols by electrolysis (1983)

M. Masui, T. Ueshima and S. Ozaki, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 479 DOI: 10.1039/C39830000479
Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Resistance in Lactococcus lactis (2010)

Lactococcus is an economically important starter culture bacterium extensively used in the manufacture of the both soft and hard cheeses. During its growth and storage, and throughout cheese processing, it encounters a variety of stresses including osmotic, oxidative, temperature, acid and cell envelope stress. These stressors can cause damage to DNA, proteins, lipid membranes and peptidoglycan and can lead to reduced growth and acidification rates and if severe enough, cell death. Despite its small genome (~2.5Mbp) Lactococcus is equipped to withstand stress through a number of specific and non-specific mechanisms. Genes involved in stress resistance and/or responding to stress have been identified using a variety of approaches including site-directed mutagenesis, random mutagenesis, microarrays, proteomics and bioinformatic methods. Further research utilising current and novel methods will yield a better understanding of how Lactococcus deals with stress and lead to innovations in industrial fermentation processes.
[Biosynthesis of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in normal and pathological human synovial fluid]. (1979)

The biosynthesis capacity of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in normal and pathological (rheumatoid arthritis and osteo-arthrosis) synovialis was studied using the radio-immunological method, simultaneously on homogenized tissues and the microsome fraction, with or without addition of exogenous arachidonic acid. Among the results obtained, the most significant concern rheumatoid polyarthritis: a net increase in PGF2 alpha and especially in PGE2, more pronounced in the homogenized emulsion than in the microsomial fraction. Exogenous arachidonic acid increases the biosynthesis capacity of the PG. The prospective interest of this model is underlined: the possible introduction in the incubation medium of various drugs, making it possible to study the various factors taking part in the biosynthesis of PG (phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin-synthetase).
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nickel Mono- and Diselenide: Characterization and Electrical and Optical Properties (2022)

Nickel mono- (NiSe) and diselenide (NiSe<sub>2</sub>) were produced from stoichiometric mixtures of powdered Ni and Se precursors by the one-step, undemanding mechanochemical reactions. The process was carried out by high-energy milling for 30 and 120 min in a planetary ball mill. The kinetics of the reactions were documented, and the products were studied in terms of their crystal structure, morphology, electrical, and optical properties. X-ray powder diffraction confirmed that NiSe has hexagonal and NiSe<sub>2</sub> cubic crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 10.5 nm for NiSe and 13.3 nm for NiSe<sub>2</sub>. Their physical properties were characterized by the specific surface area measurements and particle size distribution analysis. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the prepared materials contain nanoparticles of irregular shape, which are agglomerated into clusters of about 1-2 μm in diameter. The first original values of electrical conductivity, resistivity, and sheet resistance of nickel selenides synthesized by milling were measured. The obtained bandgap energy values determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed their potential use in photovoltaics. Photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed weak luminescence activity of the materials. Such synthesis of nickel selenides can easily be carried out on a large scale by milling in an industrial mill, as was verified earlier for copper selenide synthesis.
Anti-Aging Drugs – Prospect of Longer Life? (2018)

There is a call for more longitudinal clinical trials, which would prove the efficacy of the promising anti-aging drugs candidates in humans.
Suppression of long-branch attraction artefacts in the animal phylogeny using a site-heterogeneous model (2007)

The CAT model appears to be more robust than WAG against LBA artefacts, essentially because it correctly anticipates the high probability of convergences and reversions implied by the small effective size of the amino-acid alphabet at each site of the alignment. More generally, our results provide strong evidence that site-specificities in the substitution process need be accounted for in order to obtain more reliable phylogenetic trees.
Studies on the Mechanism of Myrosinase (1995)

Myrosinase (EC 3.2.3.1) is the beta-thioglucosidase enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of glucosinolates, a group of naturally occurring plant metabolites. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of these S-glucosides to give D-glucose and an aglycone fragment, which then rearranges to give sulfate and an isothiocyanate. As part of ongoing mechanistic studies on myrosinase, the ability of the enzyme to catalyze transglycosylation reactions has been examined. Enzyme activity and stability were both decreased in the presence of various organic solvents, including simple alcohols, but not sufficiently to prevent reaction taking place. However, in contrast to most other beta-glycosidases, myrosinase did not catalyze transglycosylation reactions either with the alcohols or other suitable glycosyl acceptors. Although a wide range of potential acceptors were investigated, none proved to be effective. Even when appropriately charged side chains were included in the acceptor molecule to mimic the sulfonic acid in the glucosinolate structure, transglycosylation did not take place. The putative enzyme-glycosyl intermediate therefore appears to be unavailable for reaction, possibly because D-glucose is the first product released from the enzyme. The transition state analogue, glucono-delta-lactone, a potent competitive inhibitor of beta-glucosidase, was found to be a poor noncompetitive inhibitor of myrosinase. Myrosinase is specifically activated by ascorbic acid, and it is proposed that the inhibitor is binding at this alternative site.
A high-speed low-power 4096 x 1 bit bipolar RAM (1978)

Describes a 4096-word by 1-bit TTL static bipolar RAM with a typical address access time of 25 ns and power dissipation of 350 mW. Emphasis is given to circuit techniques which made the high performance possible. These techniques are: variable impedance cell (VIC) with low standby current capable of fast switching of digit lines, cell margin increasing circuitry which increases the operating margin of the cell with low standby current, sharing of only one pair of read current sources by 64 pairs of digit lines, and Darlington word drivers causing fast switching of word lines. The process and device structure are mentioned briefly.
Kepler + Hadoop (2009)

MapReduce provides a parallel and scalable programming model for data-intensive business and scientific applications. MapReduce and its de facto open source project, called Hadoop, support parallel processing on large datasets with capabilities including automatic data partitioning and distribution, load balancing, and fault tolerance management. Meanwhile, scientific workflow management systems, e.g., Kepler, Taverna, Triana, and Pegasus, have demonstrated their ability to help domain scientists solve scientific problems by synthesizing different data and computing resources. By integrating Hadoop with Kepler, we provide an easy-to-use architecture that facilitates users to compose and execute MapReduce applications in Kepler scientific workflows. Our implementation demonstrates that many characteristics of scientific workflow management systems, e.g., graphical user interface and component reuse and sharing, are very complementary to those of MapReduce. Using the presented Hadoop components in Kepler, scientists can easily utilize MapReduce in their domain-specific problems and connect them with other tasks in a workflow through the Kepler graphical user interface. We validate the feasibility of our approach via a word count use case.
Modulation of the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 by fatty acids mediated through Toll‐like receptor 4‐derived signaling pathways <sup>1</sup> (2001)

Genetic evidence that Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) is the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor and biochemical evidence that Tlr4 confers LPS responsiveness as determined by activation of NF-kappaB and expression of inducible cyclooxygenase 2 have been demonstrated. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) acylated in lipid A moiety of LPS are essential for biological activities of LPS. It is now demonstrated that SFAs, but not unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), induce NF-kappaB activation and expression of COX-2 and other inflammatory markers in macrophages. UFAs inhibit COX-2 expression induced by SFAs and LPS. Additional evidence suggests that both SFA-induced COX-2 expression and its inhibition by UFAs are mediated through a common signaling pathway derived from Tlr4. These results represent a novel mechanism by which fatty acids modulate signaling pathways and target gene expression. Whether fatty acids also modulate signaling pathways and target gene expression derived from the activation of other Tlrs remains to be determined.-Hwang, D. Modulation of the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 by fatty acids mediated through Toll-like receptor 4-derived signaling pathways.
Calibration of network analyser measurements withleakage errors (1994)

Two simple calibration procedures for determining error-correction parameters for the full model are presented. Both 15 term procedures are based on closed solutions and only need three known calibration standards, so that the accuracies are excellent, as proved by measurements.
Microwave Imaging of Penetrable Scatterers Using Deformable Mirror (2007)

Active microwave imaging involves reconstruction of the spatial distribution of the electrical property inside the object of interest using multiview field measurements. In this paper, a microwave tomography technique employing a continuously deformable mirror and a single fixed transmitter is discussed as an alternative to the conventional technique that uses multiple transceiver antennas. The deformable mirror tomography is capable of generating a multitude of field measurements necessary to recover the spatial distribution of the unknown permittivity inside the penetrable dielectric object. Preliminary inversion results obtained using 2-D numerical model discussed in this paper demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed microwave imaging method
An Advancement-Record System Using Knowledge Adaptable to Children's Developmental Stages (2006)

Recently, advancement-record systems for early childhood education have been commercially marketed in Japan. The academic advancement of children is recorded by using knowledge constructed from many advancement-inspection items. Such a record is required by law, and it's effective for third-party appraisal by the Japanese government. The knowledge conventionally used in such a system, however, has two major limitations. One is the subjective score selection. The advancement score is recorded in ambiguous expressions, such as “possible,” “almost possible,” and “impossible.” The other limitation is that the items are fixed for each school year. If the highest score is selected at the starting point of one school year, the nursery teacher cannot read any developmental process from a constant item value for one year, even if the item is evaluated every month. To resolve these problems, this paper proposes an advancement-record system that uses a new type of knowledge. This knowledge has two key features: 1) Objective score selection based on Vygotsky's psychological theory of “The Zone of Proximal Development,” and 2) Re-designed knowledge using items that can be chosen freely, according to the advancement stage of each child. The proposed system thus provides more detailed daily observation of child development as well as statistical analysis of advancement scores.
Teleoperator control models: effects of time delay and imperfect system knowledge (1990)

The mathematical modeling of manually controlled teleoperator systems using the well-known optimal control model (OCM) is considered. An experienced human operator can be modeled as an optimal controller executing continuous control in an environment in which the system is subject to random external disturbances. The basic OCM theory is extended to allow the human operator to have an imperfect internal model of the system being controlled, and the effects of discrepancies between the system and human models are investigated. A mechanism for closed-form modeling of performance for systems equipped with predictor displays is also added to the original theory. To validate the model, model predictions are compared to the results of experiments with a simulated tetherless submersible. The experimental results show that the modified optimal control model (MOCM) holds promise as a tool for the design and analysis of teleoperated control systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optically-controlled grating switch (OG-SW) (1991)

A novel structure for an all-optical switch is proposed. A semiconductor multiple quantum well (MQW) waveguide with a deep grating is fabricated, and subnanosecond switching is observed in the structure using a YAG control light. Switching power is as low as 104 W/cm2.
Ridiculous Questions (1996)

"Ridiculous Questions." Math Horizons, 4(2), pp. 24–25 Additional informationNotes on contributorsMartin GardnerMARTIN GARDNER is best known for his long running “Mathematical Games” column in Scientific American. He has published five books with the Mathematical Association of America.
Contributors, Sep. 1979 (1979)

Presents a biographical entry for each author and co-author included in this issue of the publication.
Intrapelvic prosthesis to prevent injury of the small intestine with high dosage pelvic irradiation. (1983)

The major complication to delivering tumoricidal dosages of radiation to the pelvis is radiation damage to the loops of the small intestine located within the radiation field. To exclude the small intestine from the pelvis after extensive pelvic surgical treatment, prosthetic materials are used. A transabdominal baffle made of prosthetic mesh separates pelvic and abdominal cavities. A Silastic implant, usually used in the reconstruction of the breast, is used in the pelvis to occupy space. In so doing, all of the small intestine can be excluded from the pelvic cavity and dosages of radiation to 6,500 rads can be administered.
Human pancreatic cancer cells disable function of Fas receptors at several levels in Fas signal transduction pathway (2001)

The aims of this study were to evaluate the functional expression of Fas receptors (Fas) in human pancreatic cancer cell lines; Capan-1, AsPC-1, BxPC-3, PANC-1, and MIA PaCa-2 and to search for the mechanisms of receptor-mediated inhibition of Fas signaling in these cells. Despite the expression of Fas receptors at considerable levels, exposure of these cells to agonistic Fas antibodies (500 ng/ml) induced only minimal apoptosis in 4 cell lines. The mechanisms allowing resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis are complex. Using RT-PCR, we identified molecules which might counteract the apoptogenic signal at several levels of Fas signal transduction pathway. The most striking findings were the overexpression of Fas decoy receptors (DcR3), Fas associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1), and FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in the resistant cell lines as well as in pancreatic cancer surgical specimens. In conclusion, pancreatic cancer cells express three molecules that can abrogate Fas function at different levels of Fas signaling cascade, resulting in resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis, and this may promote the progression of this malignancy.