gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PWM converter control for grid integration of wind turbines with enhanced power quality (2008)

Variable-speed wind turbines are attractive to the high performance and are widely used by the wind turbine industry today. A variable-speed wind turbine has a back-to-back PWM converter consisting of a machine-side converter for generator control and a grid-side converter for grid interface. Traditionally, the grid-side converter is controlled through decoupled d-q vector control mechanisms through a voltage regulated PWM converter. This paper develops a steady-state model of the grid-side converter system in a d-q reference frame, based on which general power control characteristics of the grid-side converter are studied both analytically and through computer simulation. Drawbacks of the conventional control strategies are analyzed. A novel control technique is developed for the consideration of both effective real and reactive power control and improved power quality. The controller performance is evaluated through a transient simulation approach using MatLab SimPowerSystems, which demonstrates that the newly developed control mechanism is effective for grid interface of the converter in terms of superior power control and enhanced power quality.
Early-Life Patterns of Plasma Gut Regulatory Peptide Levels in Calves: Effects of the First Meals (1992)

The effects of the first meals on the release of seven gut regulatory peptides were studied in newborn calves fed colostrum either at serial intervals during the first day of life or at 28 h only. Fasted animals showed no significant variation of plasma peptides until the first feed, except for somatostatin, which peaked at 4-5 h and declined thereafter. As assessed before and 1 h after feeding, the first meal tended to induce rises in plasma gastrin, cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide, while the other peptides were unaffected. Repeated colostrum feeds induced marked increases in plasma gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide from 10 h on. Pancreatic polypeptide was transiently increased from 4 to 16 h. Feeding was followed by a transitory reduction of plasma somatostatin and by a prolonged decrease of plasma motilin. We conclude that colostrum feeding potently modulates the release of several regulatory peptides shortly after birth in calves. These responses may be important for the adaptation of gut growth, secretions and motility to food ingestion in the neonatal period.
父母分居、離婚後未成年子女會面交往之研究－以共同照顧模式為中心 (2017)

Nowadays, the models of meeting and communication with minor child after parental separation or divorce besides custody have a wide variation and remain controversial. Sole physical custody, the most common visitation rule in Taiwanese and international family court after couple’s separation, regulates that children shall reside with and be under the supervision of a single parent while visit the another one only on weekends or holidays. However, since 1980s, the increased female employment rates and changes in society structure had raised more and more conversations about sole physical custody. One of the reasons is that mothers always undertake the responsibility of raising child, including financial support. Moreover, because women often win the custody war in the court, father’s groups started to fight for their rights in custody procedure, to discuss joint legal custody and joint physical custody. Therefore, lots of arguments are questioned about whether joint physical custody is in accordance with the best interest of child. The opponents of joint physical custody doubt that children might have to travel back and forth between their parents, which would probably affect the stability of children’s life, especially when parents are still in high conflict. But those who support joint physical custody emphasize on the relationship between parents and children. They believe that adopting joint physical custody is the best way to keep the children from the feeling of loss after parents’ separation. When children can get the stable relationships with both of their parents, they will get used to the new life much faster. In addition, parents won't need to fight for sole physical custody, which is always where the conflict comes from, if they both agree joint physical custody. As a result, there won’t be so much struggles between parents, and children won’t be suffered about. This study holds the opinion that, if both parents did pay their effort on raising children in the past and they both want to take care of their children in the future, joint physical custody should be considered as a good choice for children’s best interest. Unfortunately, Taiwanese courts seldom use the concept of joint physical custody, without any specific reason. There’s a very high chance that, the concept of joint physical custody is ignored in Taiwan's judicial practices. Considering about the system of the Family Proceedings Act in Taiwan, introducing the concept of joint physical custody through mediations, preliminary injunctions or parent education courses might help more parents who are in the custody wars to know a new choice other than sole physical custody, so that they might end the conflict and give their child a stable life as before. The most important is that the children won’t loss any of their parents after parental separation or divorce.
SARAH: A Novel Method for Machine Learning Problems Using Stochastic Recursive Gradient (2017)

In this paper, we propose a StochAstic Recursive grAdient algoritHm (SARAH), as well as its practical variant SARAH+, as a novel approach to the finite-sum minimization problems. Different from the vanilla SGD and other modern stochastic methods such as SVRG, S2GD, SAG and SAGA, SARAH admits a simple recursive framework for updating stochastic gradient estimates; when comparing to SAG/SAGA, SARAH does not require a storage of past gradients. The linear convergence rate of SARAH is proven under strong convexity assumption. We also prove a linear convergence rate (in the strongly convex case) for an inner loop of SARAH, the property that SVRG does not possess. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm.
Effects of turmeric and garlic on blood cholesterol level (2008)

This study has been attempted to investigate the effects of garlic and turmeric on blood cholesterol level. A total of 20 male guinea pigs of unknown breed weighing 400–600 g were randomly divided into four equal groups (A, B, C, D) with free access to food and water for 30 days. Three groups of animals (B, C and D) were fed either with turmeric or garlic supplemented basal diet and were defined as treated groups while remaining one group (A) was fed only with basal diet and considered control group. The body weight increased significantly (p<0.01) in all the animals with the advancement of age. The administration of turmeric or garlic or both reduced the blood cholesterol level of the animals significantly (p<0.01). At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed and liver was examined for gross and histological changes. Some gross lesions were identified in liver of treated animals but there were no histological changes.
Spirapril Prevents Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Decreases Myocardial Damage and Promotes Angiogenesis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1993)

To test whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition may prevent myocardial damage and may affect coronary microvasculature in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), young 5-week-old SHR were treated for 3 months with spirapril and changes in blood pressure (BP) were monitored. Untreated SHR were used as controls. The rats were killed; left ventricular (LV) shape, weight, and wall thickness were examined and the ventricular myocardium was analyzed morphometrically to determine the effect of the drug on the relative amount, number per unit area of myocardium, and average dimension of foci of myocardial scarring. Moreover, volume fraction, surface, numerical density, and diffusion distance for oxygen of the coronary capillaries were analyzed. BP remained 20-30% lower in treated SHR with respect to controls, and LV weight and thickness decreased 20 and 21%, respectively. The number and dimension of the foci of fibrosis were reduced, resulting in an overall 68% decrement in the amount of myocardial damage. Finally, a 28% increment in numerical density of capillary profiles associated with a 13% reduction in their cross-sectional area decreased the diffusion distance for oxygen from the capillary wall to the myocytes by 14% in treated SHR. Spirapril decreases BP and LV weight and thickness in the SHR model of hypertension and substantially improves coronary capillary microvasculature, decreasing hypertensive myocardial damage. These results may be attributed to inhibition of the systemic effects of angiotensin II (AII) as well as to a local protective action of the drug against possible intramyocardial AII production.
A Review of Technologies for Open Innovation: Characteristics and Future Trends (2010)

Fuelled by increased interest among organizations to team up with their customers, technologies for supporting open innovation are emerging. In this paper, we explore how current technologies are designed to support open innovation, in order to envision future developments and research challenges. A sample of 51 systems has been classified. Surprisingly, we found that most technologies for open innovation are not very innovative because they provide similar features. Typically, users are asked to suggest ideas or solve predefined problems in collaboration with others. By drawing on our review, we identified four types of open innovation systems: idea management system, problem solving system, marketplace system and innovation analysis system. In conclusion, we noted that a key challenge for research and practice is to gain a deeper understanding of how collaboration technologies can be connected with more sophisticated opportunities for reflection and analysis.
Intracellular hemolysin-producing Listeria monocytogenes strains inhibit macrophage-mediated antigen processing (1990)

We found that virulent hemolysin-producing (Hly+) Listeria monocytogenes strains inhibit antigen processing and presentation when added to macrophages in vitro. A virulent Hly- bacteria caused little or no inhibition. Live Hly+ bacteria inhibited presentation of both heat-killed L. monocytogenes and ovalbumin. Several observations indicate that hemolysin produced by intracellular bacteria was responsible for the inhibition. First, inhibition was observed even when extracellular bacteria were removed after a brief 10-min bacterial uptake period. Second, inhibition was not prevented by the addition of cholesterol, a substance which inactivates soluble hemolysin. Third, only very high concentrations of soluble hemolysin were inhibitory. Under conditions which inhibit antigen presentation (10(5) per well), macrophages retained normal levels of Ia, maintained normal morphology, and were not permeable when assayed by chromium release. The uptake and catabolism of 35S-labeled live bacteria by macrophages were similar for both Hyl+ and Hly- bacteria. Only a small decrease in uptake and catabolism of surface-iodinated heat-killed L. monocytogenes by macrophages pretreated with inhibitory numbers of live Hly+ bacteria was observed. Additionally, macrophages pretreated with live Hly+ bacteria and fixed 1.5 h later were able to effectively present an ovalbumin peptide (amino acids 323 to 339) to the T-cell hybridoma DO11.10. Hemolysin-producing bacteria inhibited the presentation of antigens that need processing better than they did of antigens that do not require a processing event. Thus, we have demonstrated inhibition of an intracellular antigen processing pathway by hemolysin-producing L. monocytogenes, which may contribute to the virulence of this pathogen.
Effects of Pt and Ta addition on compositional microstructure of CoCr-alloy thin film media (2000)

Compositional segregation structures of Co–Cr–Ta, Co–Cr–Pt, and Co–Cr–Pt–Ta thin film media with Cr concentrations of about 15 at. % were studied using an analytical transmission electron microscope. Cr atoms in the CoCrTa specimen are extremely localized around the grain boundaries with a maximum concentration of about 23 at. % with a width of 1 nm, while that inside the grain is about a half of the average composition. The Co–Cr–Pt specimen shows Cr segregation at grain boundaries with a maximum concentration by 4 at. % greater than the average composition. The Cr concentration inside the grain is kept nearly same with the average concentration. The Co–Cr–Pt–Ta specimen shows a degree of Cr segregation between the Co–Cr–Ta and the Co–Cr–Pt systems. The Cr enrichment at bicrystal grain boundaries is broader and weaker than those at the normal grain boundaries.
Augmenting Fiat Currency with an Integrated Managed Cryptocurrency (2019)

In this work, we investigate how the governance features of a managed currency (e.g., a fiat currency) can be built into a cryptocurrency in order to leverage potential benefits found in the use of blockchain technology and smart contracts. The resulting managed cryptocurrency can increase transparency and integrity, while potentially enabling the emergence of novel monetary instruments. It has similarities to cash in that it enables the general public to immediately transfer funds to a recipient without intermediary systems being involved. However, our system is account-based, unlike circulating bank notes that are self-contained. Our design would allow one to satisfy know your customer laws and be subject to law enforcement actions following legal due process (e.g., account freezing and fund seizure), while mitigating counterparty risk with checks and balances. Funds can thus be transferred only between approved and authenticated users. Our system has on-chain governance capabilities using smart contracts deployed on a dedicated, permissioned blockchain that has different sets of control mechanisms for who can read data, write data, and publish blocks. To enable the governance features, only authorized identity proofed entities can submit transactions. To enable privacy, only the block publishers can read the blockchain; the publishers maintain dedicated nodes that provide access controlled partial visibility of the blockchain data. Being permissioned, we can use a simple consensus protocol with no transaction fees. A separate security layer prevents denial of service and a balance of power mechanism prevents any small group of entities from having undue control. While permissioned, we ensure that no one entity controls the blockchain data or block publishing capability through a voting system with publicly visible election outcomes.
Thermochromism in Yttrium Iron Garnet Compounds (2014)

Polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, hereafter labeled YIG) has been synthesized by solid-state reaction, characterized by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and UV-vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and its optical properties from room temperature (RT) to 300 °C are discussed. Namely, its greenish color at RT is assigned to an O(2-) → Fe(3+) ligand-to-metal charge transfer at 2.57 eV coupled with d-d transitions peaking at 1.35 and 2.04 eV. When the temperature is raised, YIG displays a marked thermochromic effect; i.e., the color changes continuously from greenish to brownish, which offers opportunities for potential application as a temperature indicator for everyday uses. The origin of the observed thermochromism is assigned to a gradual red shift of the ligand-to-metal charge transfer with temperature while the positioning in energy of the d-d transitions is almost unaltered. Attempts to achieve more saturated colors via doping (e.g., Al(3+), Ga(3+), Mn(3+), ...) remained unsuccessful except for chromium. Indeed, Y3Fe5O12:Cr samples exhibit at RT the same color than the undoped garnet at 200 °C. The introduction of Cr(3+) ions strongly impacts the color of the Y3Fe5O12 parent either by an inductive effect or, more probably, by a direct effect on the electronic structure of the undoped material with formation of a midgap state.
A Molecular Basis for Synexin-Driven, Calcium-Dependent Membrane Fusion (1988)

Membranes of secretory vesicles fuse with each other and with plasma membranes during exocytosis in many different cell types. The probable role of calcium in the process is now widely accepted, and it is possible that at least one cytosolic mediator of calcium action is synexin. Synexin is a 47,000 Mr calcium-binding protein, initially discovered in the bovine adrenal medulla, which binds to granule membranes and to inner aspects of chromaffin cell plasma membranes. Synexin causes chromaffin granules to aggregate, and such aggregates can be caused to fuse in the additional presence of arachidonic acid. Synexin also mediates the direct fusion of liposomes and chromaffin granule ghosts. To understand better the mechanisms of membrane fusion promoted by synexin we have attempted to define the primary sequence of the protein. Our initial efforts were directed towards purification of bovine synexin in sufficient amounts to allow us to sequence tryptic peptides. However, as the project progressed we also directed our attention to human synexin, preparing peptides from this protein as well. From analysis of bovine peptides we learned that the synexin molecule might be closely related to a class of proteins including lipocortin I, calpactin (p36), endonexin II, protein II and calelectrin 67K. Complete analysis of a human synexin cDNA clone revealed strong homology with bovine synexin. The analysis also showed that synexin contained a unique, long, highly hydrophobic N-terminal leader sequence followed by a characteristic four-fold repeat homologous with those found in other members of the synexin gene family. The highly hydrophobic character of synexin seems consistent with information previously obtained that synexin is able to insert directly into the interior of bilayers prepared not only from purified phosphatidylserine but also from biological membranes. The evidence for such insertions is a dramatic increase in the capacitance of the membrane, formed at the tip of a patch pipette, when calcium-activated synexin is applied to the bilayer. Additional evidence is the fact that synexin also forms calcium-selective channels when the protein is applied to the cytosolic aspect of the plasmalemma when that side is also exposed to calcium at sub-millimolar concentrations. Thus, the synexin molecule not only enters the membrane, but also spans it. From these and other data we have developed the concept that the fusion process may involve synexin forming a 'hydrophobic bridge' between two fusing membranes. Lipid movement across this bridge may then be the material basis for final fusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Descriptor Type and Operations (2011)

packetC provides data types that do not appear in standard C but do provide significant support for packet-processing applications. These data types are often extensions of familiar C types. The extended data type described in this chapter is descriptors. This chapter is divided into two different approaches. The first part of this chapter is focused on simply covering examples of descriptors and the packetC standard include file protocols.ph. The second part of this chapter covers an in-depth view into the background of the descriptors and how they operate under the hood as these are new to packetC.
Comparative Analysis of Sparse Matrix Algorithms For Information Retrieval (2003)

We evaluate and compare the storage efficiency of different sparse matrix storage formats as index structure for text collection and their corresponding sparse matrixvector multiplication algorithm to perform query processing in information retrieval (IR) application. We show the results of our implementations for several sparse matrix algorithms such as Coordinate Storage (COO), Compressed Sparse Column (CSC), Compressed Sparse Row (CSR), and Block Sparse Row (BSR) sparse matrix algorithms, using a standard text collection. Evaluation is based on the storage space requirement for each indexing structure and the efficiency of the query-processing algorithm. Our results demonstrate that CSR is more efficient in terms of storage space requirement and query processing timing over the other sparse matrix algorithms for Information Retrieval application. Furthermore, we experimentally evaluate the mapping of various existing index compression techniques used to compress index in information retrieval systems (IR) on Compressed Sparse Row Information Retrieval (CSR IR).
Regiospecific and Stereoselective Syntheses of (±)-Reserpine and (−)-Reserpine (2005)

Full details of three approaches to an entirely regio- and stereoselective synthesis of the well-known target reserpine are described, culminating in a total synthesis which efficiently meets these requirements.
A Mouse Macrophage Lipidome (2010)

We report the lipidomic response of the murine macrophage RAW cell line to Kdo(2)-lipid A, the active component of an inflammatory lipopolysaccharide functioning as a selective TLR4 agonist and compactin, a statin inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis. Analyses of lipid molecular species by dynamic quantitative mass spectrometry and concomitant transcriptomic measurements define the lipidome and demonstrate immediate responses in fatty acid metabolism represented by increases in eicosanoid synthesis and delayed responses characterized by sphingolipid and sterol biosynthesis. Lipid remodeling of glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and prenols also take place, indicating that activation of the innate immune system by inflammatory mediators leads to alterations in a majority of mammalian lipid categories, including unanticipated effects of a statin drug. Our studies provide a systems-level view of lipid metabolism and reveal significant connections between lipid and cell signaling and biochemical pathways that contribute to innate immune responses and to pharmacological perturbations.
Modification of epoxidized soybean oil for lubricant formulations with improved oxidative stability and low pour point (2001)

Abstract To produce soybean oil‐based lubricants with good oxidative stability and low pour point, epoxidized soybean oil (SBO) was chemically modified. Epoxidized SBO was reacted with various alcohols in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst to give a ring‐opened intermediate product. In this step, the epoxy group was transformed to the functional group of‐CH(OR 1 )CH(OH)‐(where the R 1 =methyl, 1‐butyl, 2‐butyl, 1‐hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2,2‐dimethyl‐1‐propyl, or 1‐decyl). The 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the products indicated that transesterification was accompanied by the ringopening reaction except when the bulky 2,2‐dimethyl‐1‐propanol was used. Acid anhydride was used to esterify the hydroxy groups in the ring‐opened product. This resulted in a fluid that is a lubricant candidate with the functional group of −CH(OR 1 )CH(OCOR 2 )−. Pour point studies of the resulting products showed that the pour points varied with the substituents, R 1 and R 2 . Products with R 1 =CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5− and R 2 =CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2− , (CH 3 ) 2 CH−, or CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 ‐showed the lowest pour points (−39, −39, and −45°C, respectively) when 1% of pour point depressant was added. For the oxidative stability test, two products, in which R 1 , R 2 =CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5− , (CH 3 ) 2 CH− and R 1 , R 2 =CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5− , CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4− , were chosen for a modified Penn State micro‐oxidation test. In the oxidative stability test, the products gave 69–71% of oxidative evaporation and 10–17% of tetrahydrofuran‐insoluble deposits in 3 h at 175°C. The amounts of deposits were much lower than those of soybean oil (96%) and epoxidized SBO (83%) and even less than those of most petroleum‐based lubricant basestocks (3–93%).