gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable Step Climbing and Descending for Tandem Wheelchairs Connected by a Passive Link (2007)

This paper describes a new cooperative strategy for two wheelchairs system to climb up or descend down a step which is a typical obstacle in the daily active of wheelchair users. These two wheelchair robots are connected with a simple linkage mechanism between the rear of one wheelchair and the front of another. Even without using a method by which a robot lifts up and supports its weight using any special actuator, each wheelchair can overcome the step stably and relatively easily because wheelchair's moment of rotation during climbing the step is controlled by the force passed through by the link from its partner wheel chair. In the design, the assistant effect is especially influenced by the height of the two robot's link positions. So in the paper, we provide detailed discussion on changing the two-link positions during the different stages of the step climbing and descending. Numerical calculation and experiment results are shown for illustrating the validity of the proposed strategy.
Platelet and Fibrin Deposition at the Damaged Vessel Wall: Cooperative Substrates for Neutrophil Adhesion Under Flow Conditions (1997)

At sites of vessel wall damage, the primary hemostatic reaction involves platelet and fibrin deposition. At these sites, circulating leukocytes marginate and become activated. Adhered platelets can support leukocyte localization; however, the role of fibrin in this respect is not known. We studied the adhesion of human neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) to endothelial extracellular matrix (ECM)-bound fibrin and platelets under flow conditions. ECM alone did not show PMN adhesion. ECM-coated cover slips were perfused with plasma to form a surface-bound fibrin network, and/or with whole blood to allow platelet adhesion. Unstimulated PMNs adhered to fibrin at moderate shear stress (20 to 200 mPa). ECM-bound platelets induced rolling adhesion and allowed more PMNs to adhere at higher shear (320 mPa). ECM coated with both platelets and fibrin induced more static and shear-resistant PMN adhesion. PMN adhesion to fibrin alone but not to platelet/fibrin surfaces was inhibited by soluble fibrinogen. Adhesion to fibrin alone was inhibited by CD11b and CD18 blocking antibodies. Furthermore, fibrin formed under flow conditions showed up to threefold higher PMN adhesion compared with fibrin formed under static conditions, due to structural differences. These results indicate that circulating PMNs adhere to fibrin in an integrin-dependent manner at moderate shear stresses. However, at higher shear rates (> 200 mPa), additional mechanisms (ie, activated platelets) are necessary for an interaction of PMNs with a fibrin network.
Electronic design of a cochlear implant for multichannel high-rate pulsatile stimulation strategies (1995)

A new electronic design for an eight-channel cochlear implant for high-rate pulsatile stimulation strategies is presented. Symmetric biphasic current pulses can be generated up to a maximum pulse repetition rate of about 12 kpulses/s. The stimulation pulse amplitude can be selected within the range of 1.5 /spl mu/A-1.5 mA. The implant contains a single mixed analog/digital CMOS-ASIC for data synchronization and stimulus generation. Stimulation signals are applied via a monopolar intracochlear multielectrode array. Output capacitors are employed for safety reasons. A back-telemetry system for measuring electrode voltages and the implant supply voltage is incorporated. Data and power are transcutaneously transferred to the implant, using a single rf-channel. The overall data rate is 400 kb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characteristics of MOS capacitors of BF/sub 2/ or B implanted polysilicon gate with and without POCl/sub 3/ co-doped (1993)

The characteristics of BF/sub 2/- or B-implanted polysilicon gate MOS capacitors with and without POCl/sub 3/ codoped were studied. It was found that the gate oxide thickness was increased very significantly with the number of high-temperature thermal cycles for BF/sub 2/-implanted polysilicon MOS capacitors, but this was not true for POCl/sub 3/-codoped polysilicon MOS capacitors. A model that interprets this phenomenon well was developed using the results of SIMS (secondary ion ion mass spectrometry) measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of rectangular and dual-planar positron emission mammography scanners (2002)

Breast imaging using dedicated positron emission tomography (PEM) has gained much interest in the medical imaging field. In this paper, we compare the performance between a rectangular geometry and a parallel dual-planar geometry. Both geometries are studied with depth of interaction (DOI) detectors and non-DOI detectors. We compare the Fisher-information matrix, lesion detection, and quantitation of the four systems. The lesion detectability is measured by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a prewhitening numerical observer for detecting a known hot spot on a uniform background. Results show that the rectangular system with DOI has the highest SNR for the detection task and the lowest bias at any given noise level for the quantitation task. They also show that for small simulated lesions the parallel dual-planar system with DOI detectors outperforms the rectangular system with non-DOI detectors, while the rectangular system with non-DOI detectors can outperform the parallel dual-planar system with DOI detectors for large simulated lesions.
A Review of the Updated Pharmacophore for the Alpha 5 GABA(A) Benzodiazepine Receptor Model (2015)

An updated model of the GABA(A) benzodiazepine receptor pharmacophore of the α5-BzR/GABA(A) subtype has been constructed prompted by the synthesis of subtype selective ligands in light of the recent developments in both ligand synthesis, behavioral studies, and molecular modeling studies of the binding site itself. A number of BzR/GABA(A) α5 subtype selective compounds were synthesized, notably α5-subtype selective inverse agonist PWZ-029 (1) which is active in enhancing cognition in both rodents and primates. In addition, a chiral positive allosteric modulator (PAM), SH-053-2'F-R-CH3 (2), has been shown to reverse the deleterious effects in the MAM-model of schizophrenia as well as alleviate constriction in airway smooth muscle. Presented here is an updated model of the pharmacophore for α5β2γ2 Bz/GABA(A) receptors, including a rendering of PWZ-029 docked within the α5-binding pocket showing specific interactions of the molecule with the receptor. Differences in the included volume as compared to α1β2γ2, α2β2γ2, and α3β2γ2 will be illustrated for clarity. These new models enhance the ability to understand structural characteristics of ligands which act as agonists, antagonists, or inverse agonists at the Bz BS of GABA(A) receptors.
Effect of Surface Roughness and Electroless Ni–P Plating on the Bonding Strength of Bi–Te-based Thermoelectric Modules (2019)

In this study, electroless-plating of a nickel-phosphor (Ni–P) thin film on surface-controlled thermoelectric elements was developed to significantly increase the bonding strength between Bi–Te materials and copper (Cu) electrodes in thermoelectric modules. Without electroless Ni–P plating, the effect of surface roughness on the bonding strength was negligible. Brittle SnTe intermetallic compounds were formed at the bonding interface of the thermoelectric elements and defects such as pores were generated at the bonding interface owing to poor wettability with the solder. However, defects were not present at the bonding interface of the specimen subjected to electroless Ni–P plating, and the electroless Ni–P plating layer acted as a diffusion barrier toward Sn and Te. The bonding strength was higher when the specimen was subjected to Ni–P plating compared with that without Ni–P plating, and it improved with increasing surface roughness. As electroless Ni–P plating improved the wettability with molten solder, the increase in bonding strength was attributed to the formation of a thicker solder reaction layer below the bonding interface owing to an increase in the bonding interface with the solder at higher surface roughness.
An integrated battery charger/discharger with power-factor correction (1997)

Distributed power supply systems are an attractive solution to meeting the requirements (redundancy, modularity, battery backup, etc.) for the next generation of power supply systems. In addition, the normalization regarding power factor and total harmonic distortion (THD) makes it necessary to include power factor correction in the input stage in such architectures. This paper presents a novel approach of an integrated battery charger/discharger which offers power factor correction and battery galvanic isolation in a simple structure. Placing the battery in the primary side overcomes the need of galvanic isolation integration in each of the DC/DC on-board power converters when this topology is used as part of a distributed power supply system.
Place Recognition with Event-based Cameras and a Neural Implementation of SeqSLAM (2015)

Event-based cameras offer much potential to the fields of robotics and computer vision, in part due to their large dynamic range and extremely high "frame rates". These attributes make them, at least in theory, particularly suitable for enabling tasks like navigation and mapping on high speed robotic platforms under challenging lighting conditions, a task which has been particularly challenging for traditional algorithms and camera sensors. Before these tasks become feasible however, progress must be made towards adapting and innovating current RGB-camera-based algorithms to work with event-based cameras. In this paper we present ongoing research investigating two distinct approaches to incorporating event-based cameras for robotic navigation: the investigation of suitable place recognition / loop closure techniques, and the development of efficient neural implementations of place recognition techniques that enable the possibility of place recognition using event-based cameras at very high frame rates using neuromorphic computing hardware.
Advance in improvement of cycle life of lithium-sulfur batteries (2011)

The factors limiting the cycle life of lithium-sulfur batteries and effect of cathode,anode and electrolyte on the cycle life are reviewed.The factors limiting the cycle life are introduced as follows: formation of irreversible Li2S,failure of porous structure of the cathode and parasitic reaction between species of electrolyte and lithium anode.The approaches to improving cycle life of lithium sulfur batteries are introduced as follows:appropriate binder,carbon materials and preparation method of cathode,protective technology of lithium anode,appropriate species of electrolyte,structure and design of battery.Future development of the research is also prospected.
1 cm SiC SUPER GTO TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR PULSE POWER (2009)

Power devices made on Silicon Carbide (SiC) are expected to offer significant advantages over silicon due to the unique material properties. With the continuing improvement in both material quality (defect density and carrier lifetime) and SiC device fabrication process, SiC power devices are increasingly fabricated with higher blocking rating and larger die size. This paper describes the benefits of using SiC Gate Turn-Off thyristors (GTO) in power electronics, especially for pulse power applications, reviews the development history and the current state of the art, and outlines the future perspective for developing large area GTOs with high blocking voltage of > 10 kV. Experimental results for the state-of-the-art 9 kV, 1
Properties of Therapeutic Aptamers (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Aptamer Targets Cell Surface Targets Intracellular Targets Extracellular Targets Aptamer Binding Characteristics Aptamer Affinity Aptamer Specificity Aptamer Binding Kinetics Binding versus Function Chemical Modification of Aptamers 2′-Modifications Capping the 3′ End Capping the 5′ End Phosphate Substitutions Base Modifications Polyethylene Glycol Lipid Tags Peptide Tags Routes of Administration of Aptamers Parenteral Administration Comparison to Biologics Opportunities for Alternative Aptamer Formulations Depot Topical Oral Pulmonary Ocular Aptamer Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution Key Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Parameters Factors Governing Pharmacokinetics and Metabolic Stability of Aptamers Biodistribution of Aptamers Bioanalytical Methods for Aptamer Quantification Summary of Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Properties ofAptamers Toxicity Profile of Aptamers Immunogenicity of Aptamers Aptamer Manufacture Contributions to the Costs of Aptamer Synthesis Manufacturing Infrastructure Advantages of Chemical versus Biological Synthesis Examples of Therapeutic Aptamers in Development Antithrombin Aptamer ARC183 Anticomplement C5 Aptamer ARC187 Anti-L-Selectin Aptamer Anti-PDGF-BB Aptamer ARC127 Future Prospects for Aptamer Therapeutics References
Isolation and Characterization of β-Ketoacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase ( <i>fabG</i> ) Mutants of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium (2004)

FabG, beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase, performs the NADPH-dependent reduction of beta-ketoacyl-ACP substrates to beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP products, the first reductive step in the elongation cycle of fatty acid biosynthesis. We report the first documented fabG mutants and their characterization. By chemical mutagenesis followed by a tritium suicide procedure, we obtained three conditionally lethal temperature-sensitive fabG mutants. The Escherichia coli [fabG (Ts)] mutant contains two point mutations: A154T and E233K. The beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase activity of this mutant was extremely thermolabile, and the rate of fatty acid synthesis measured in vivo was inhibited upon shift to the nonpermissive temperature. Moreover, synthesis of the acyl-ACP intermediates of the pathway was inhibited upon shift of mutant cultures to the nonpermissive temperature, indicating blockage of the synthetic cycle. Similar results were observed for in vitro fatty acid synthesis. Complementation analysis revealed that only the E233K mutation was required to give the temperature-sensitive growth phenotype. In the two Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium fabG(Ts) mutants one strain had a single point mutation, S224F, whereas the second strain contained two mutations (M125I and A223T). All of the altered residues of the FabG mutant proteins are located on or near the twofold axes of symmetry at the dimer interfaces in this homotetrameric protein, suggesting that the quaternary structures of the mutant FabG proteins may be disrupted at the nonpermissive temperature.
Novel methods for real-time 3D facial recognition (2010)

This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the publisher&apos;s version if you wish to cite from it.
Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diodes-FOLED (2015)

Flexible Organic light emitting diodes are the electronic devices. These devices are made by placing a thin film of two different types of an electroluminescent organic material between two conductors of different work functions using flexible substrates. When an electrical voltage is applied, electrons and holes are injected into the electroluminescent material. When these electrons and holes recombine, energy is emitted in the form of light. One or more additional thin layers are generally added for different purposes such as electron and hole transport in device. OLEDs can be used for different purposes like large and small area flat panel flexible self-luminous displays in many consumer products. The performance achieved was 10,000 hours of lifetime at initial luminance of 1000cd/m2. Some of the advantages of OLED technology work and focus on the easiness of chemically modifying the materials, either to tune the colors or to make them processable, through the control of solubility. This seminar paper presents a new application for large-area, high-resolution, flexible organic light-emitting diode (FOLED) display technology currently used to manufacture low-cost color flexible displays on thin metal foil or on plastic substrates.
Efeito da adição de BHC no solo, sôbre o desenvolvimento do milho (1960)

Como o milho é freqüentemente cultivado em solo anteriormente ocupado pela cultura algodoeira, achou-se conveniente verificar se o BHC empregado nesta última cultura poderia permanecer no solo e prejudicar aquela planta. Com êste objetivo fêz-se um ensaio em vasos de Mitscherlich, no qual diferentes doses de BHC foram incorporadas à terra. As doses de BHC empregadas foram correspondentes àquelas recebidas pelo solo no fim de 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 anos de cultura algodoeira, tratada com a quantidade oficialmente recomendada daquele inseticida (108,5 kg/ha/ano, de BHC contendo 2% de isômero-gama). Nos vasos, onde as condições eram as mais favoráveis para o manifestação dos efeitos tóxicas do BHC, a decomposição dêste inseticida na terra foi suficientemente rápida para que os efeitos tóxicos de uma dose três vezes mais forte do que a oficialmente recomendada desaparecessem completamente no fim de dois anos. Nas condições de cultura os efeitos tóxicos do inseticida devem ser ainda bem menos intensos. Não são de se esperar, pois, prejuízos à cultura do milho, causados pelo acúmulo de BHC no solo, quando aquela fôr feita em terreno anteriormente ocupado pela cultura algodoeira, desde que nesta a quantidade empregada do inseticida, não tenho sido muito diferente daquela oficialmente recomendada.
Flow of electrons (2011)

Physical computing empowers people to design and customize electronic hardware tailored to their individual needs. This often involves "tinkering" with components connections, but due to the intangible nature of electricity, this can be difficult, especially for novices. We use a multistage design process to design, build and evaluate a physical prototyping workspace for novices to learn about real physical computing hardware. The workspace consists of a horizontal surface that tracks physical components like sensors, actuators, and microcontroller boards and augments them with additional digital information in situ. By digitally exploring various means of connecting components, users can experientially learn how to build a functioning circuit and then transition directly to building it physically. In a user study, we found that this system motivates learners by encouraging them and building a sense of competence, while also providing a stimulating experience.
Paneth cell defensins and the regulation of the microbiome (2010)

Recently, our laboratory demonstrated that Paneth cell defensins, innate antimicrobial peptides that contribute to mucosal host defense, are able to regulate the composition of the intestinal bacterial microbiome. Using complementary mouse models of defensin deficiency (MMP7(-/-)) and surplus (HD5(+/+)), we noted defensin-dependent reciprocal shifts in the dominant bacterial species of the small intestine, without changes in total bacterial numbers. In addition, mice that expressed HD5 showed a significant loss of segemented filamentous bacteria (SFB), resulting in reduced numbers of Th17 cells in the lamina propria. This data showed a novel role for PC defensins in intestinal homeostasis, by regulation of the small intestinal microbiome. The microbiome plays an essential role in mediating host physiology, metabolism and immune response. The ability of PC defensins to regulate the composition of the biome suggests a much broader importance of these innate immune effectors than previously considered. In this addendum, the role of PC defensins in the regulation of the intestinal microbiome is reviewed, and discussed in the context of recent evidence that highlights the important role of PCs and defensins in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease.
Anti‐<scp>G</scp>al: an abundant human natural antibody of multiple pathogeneses and clinical benefits (2013)

Anti-Gal is the most abundant natural antibody in humans, constituting ~ 1% of immunoglobulins. Anti-Gal is naturally produced also in apes and Old World monkeys. The ligand of anti-Gal is a carbohydrate antigen called the 'α-gal epitope' with the structure Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R. The α-gal epitope is present as a major carbohydrate antigen in non-primate mammals, prosimians and New World monkeys. Anti-Gal can contributes to several immunological pathogeneses. Anti-Gal IgE produced in some individuals causes allergies to meat and to the therapeutic monoclonal antibody cetuximab, all presenting α-gal epitopes. Aberrant expression of the α-gal epitope or of antigens mimicking it in humans may result in autoimmune processes, as in Graves' disease. α-Gal epitopes produced by Trypanosoma cruzi interact with anti-Gal and induce 'autoimmune like' inflammatory reactions in Chagas' disease. Anti-Gal IgM and IgG further mediate rejection of xenografts expressing α-gal epitopes. Because of its abundance, anti-Gal may be exploited for various clinical uses. It increases immunogenicity of microbial vaccines (e.g. influenza vaccine) presenting α-gal epitopes by targeting them for effective uptake by antigen-presenting cells. Tumour lesions are converted into vaccines against autologous tumour-associated antigens by intra-tumoral injection of α-gal glycolipids, which insert into tumour cell membranes. Anti-Gal binding to α-gal epitopes on tumour cells targets them for uptake by antigen-presenting cells. Accelerated wound healing is achieved by application of α-gal nanoparticles, which bind anti-Gal, activate complement, and recruit and activate macrophages that induce tissue regeneration. This therapy may be of further significance in regeneration of internally injured tissues such as ischaemic myocardium and injured nerves.
Mechanical Packing of Spherical Particles (1961)

An idealized experimental study of particle packing was made. Spherical metal shot of several discrete, narrow size ranges was efficiently packed in glass containers by mechanical vibration. Packing arrangements and the dynamic process of packing were studied visually. One‐size spheres packed in an orthorhombic arrangement with a density 62.5% of theoretical density. Forming of high‐density multicomponent packings was shown to require at least a sevenfold difference between sphere sizes of the individual components. A quaternary packing with a density 95.1% of theoretical density was formed from spheres with diameter ratios 1:7:38:316 and volume compositions 6.1:10.2:23.0:60.7%, respectively. Such packings could be poured from their glass containers, thus proving that effective mechanical packing is simply an efficient arrangement of spheres of prescribed sizes and proportions. The significance and utility of this work to the ceramic and other industries is discussed.
Photo-Consistent Motion Blur Modeling for Realistic Image Synthesis (2008)

Abstract. Motion blur is an important visual cue for the illusion of object motion. It has many applications in computer animation, virtual reality and augmented reality. In this work, we present a nonlinear imaging model for synthetic motion blur generation. It is shown that the intensity response of the image sensor is determined by the optical parameters of the camera and can be derived by a simple photometric calibration process. Based on the nonlinear behavior of the image intensity response, photo-realistic motion blur can be obtained and combined with real scenes with least visual inconsistency. Experiments have shown that the proposed method generates more photo-consistent results than the conventional motion blur model. 1