gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developments in radiation sterilisation. (2008)

This article outlines significant recent developments in radiation sterilisation and some of the initiatives currently underway. These include work on a method for sterilising combination products and revisions to several sterilisation guidelines, including those for selecting appropriate sterility assurance levels.
What is a clinical pathway? Refinement of an operational definition to identify clinical pathway studies for a Cochrane systematic review (2016)

Clinical pathways (CPWs) are a common component in the quest to improve the quality of health. CPWs are used to reduce variation, improve quality of care, and maximize the outcomes for specific groups of patients. An ongoing challenge is the operationalization of a definition of CPW in healthcare. This may be attributable to both the differences in definition and a lack of conceptualization in the field of clinical pathways. This correspondence article describes a process of refinement of an operational definition for CPW research and proposes an operational definition for the future syntheses of CPWs literature. Following the approach proposed by Kinsman et al. (BMC Medicine 8(1):31, 2010) and Wieland et al. (Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 17(2):50, 2011), we used a four-stage process to generate a five criteria checklist for the definition of CPWs. We refined the operational definition, through consensus, merging two of the checklist's criteria, leading to a more inclusive criterion for accommodating CPW studies conducted in various healthcare settings. The following four criteria for CPW operational definition, derived from the refinement process described above, are (1) the intervention was a structured multidisciplinary plan of care; (2) the intervention was used to translate guidelines or evidence into local structures; (3) the intervention detailed the steps in a course of treatment or care in a plan, pathway, algorithm, guideline, protocol or other 'inventory of actions' (i.e. the intervention had time-frames or criteria-based progression); and (4) the intervention aimed to standardize care for a specific population. An intervention meeting all four criteria was considered to be a CPW. The development of operational definitions for complex interventions is a useful approach to appraise and synthesize evidence for policy development and quality improvement.
Insights into the absorption of carbon dioxide by zinc substrates: isolation and reactivity of di- and tetranuclear zinc complexes (2004)

The heptadentate Schiff base H(3)L can react with zinc acetate to form the discrete dinuclear complex Zn(2)L(OAc)(H(2)O), 1.H(2)O. The reaction of 1.H(2)O with NMe(4)OH.5H(2)O both in air and under an argon stream has been investigated. On one hand, this reaction in air yields the tetranuclear complex (Zn(2)L)(2)(CO(3))(H(2)O)(6), 2.5H(2)O, by spontaneous absorption of adventitious carbon dioxide. This process can be reverted in an acetic acid medium, whereas the treatment of 2.5H(2)O with methanoic acid yields crystals of [Zn(2)L(HCOO)].0.5MeCN.1.25MeOH.2H(2)O, 3.0.5MeCN.1.25MeOH.2H(2)O. On the other hand, the interaction under an argon atmosphere of 1.H(2)O with NMe(4)OH.5H(2)O in methanol allows the isolation of the dinuclear complex Zn(2)L(OMe)(H(2)O)(4), 4.4H(2)O. Recrystallisations of 1.H(2)O, 2.5H(2)O and 4.4H(2)O, in different solvents, yielded single crystals of 1.MeCN.2.5H(2)O, 2.4MeOH and 4.3MeOH.H(2)O, respectively. The crystal structure of 2.4MeOH can be understood as resulting from an unusual asymmetric tetranuclear self-assembly from two dinuclear units, and shows three different geometries around the four zinc atoms.
Alpha 1-receptor-independent activation of protein kinase C in acute myocardial ischemia. Mechanisms for sensitization of the adenylyl cyclase system. (1992)

The activity of the adrenergic system plays an important role in the genesis of malignant arrhythmias and the spreading of the infarcted zone in acute myocardial ischemia. Acute myocardial ischemia induces an increased activity of adenylyl cyclase. This sensitization at the enzyme level as shown in the isolated perfused rat heart occurs rapidly after the onset of ischemia (5-15 minutes) and is rapidly reversible on reperfusion. With prolonged ischemia, it is only transient and is followed by a gradual loss of the adenylyl cyclase activity. The increased activity of adenylyl cyclase is even retained after partial purification, suggesting a covalent modification of the enzyme. Blockade of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors does not prevent this sensitization, demonstrating that it occurs independently of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor activation. Only blockade of protein kinase C by various inhibitors, such as polymyxin B or staurosporine, is able to completely prevent this sensitization process. Moreover, in acute myocardial ischemia an activation of protein kinase C could be identified using its translocation from the cytosol to the particulate fraction as an indicator. Blockade of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors using prazosin fails to prevent the activation of protein kinase C and consequently the sensitization of the adenylyl cyclase system, indicating that the ischemia-induced translocation of protein kinase C occurs independently of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. These data characterize for the first time an important interaction of two effector enzymes of two distinct signal transduction pathways, i.e., the adenylyl cyclase system and the protein kinase C system in acute myocardial ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Highly sensitive trace moisture ball surface acoustic wave sensor using SiO<i><sub>x</sub></i>film (2014)

Regarding the gases for the manufacturing process of semiconductor devices, fast and sensitive sensors are needed to control trace moisture to less than 1 µmol/mol. A ball surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor is promising technology for this purpose. In this study, we verify the response of a sol–gel SiOx film-coated ball SAW sensor to extremely low-concentration moisture using a cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS), the most sensitive commercially available moisture sensor, as a reference sensor. We clearly measured 17 nmol/mol moisture by developing a sensor cell using metal O-rings reducing the leakage of moisture. The response time from 390 to 790 nmol/mol was one tenth of that for the CRDS, and the detection limit was estimated to be as low as 0.2 nmol/mol.
Studies on the constituents of umbelliferae plants. XV Constituents of Cnidium officinale : Occurrence of pregnenolone, coniferylferulate and hydroxyphthalides. (1987)

Pregnenolone (1), coniferylferulate (2) and nine mono-and dihydroxyphthalide derivatives (5-13) were isolated from the commercial C. officinale rhizome. Their structures were determined from the spectroscopic data and the dihydroxyphthalides senkyunolide-H (11) and-I (12) and senkyunolide-J (13) were synthesized from the major components ligustilide (14) and senkyunolide-A (16), respectively. These oxygenated phthalides were absent in the fresh C. officinale rhizome and they were shown to be derived from the major volatile phthalides during storage of the crude drug. Coniferylferulate (2) also decomposes partly during storage, giving ferulic acid.
A-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase (AMACR) and Prostate-Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of 4,385 Participants (2013)

Our findings provide further evidences that the expression of AMACR contribute to PCa risk. AMACR protein overexpression was found in prostate cancers, low expression in any of the normal tissues or in benign prostatic tissue. AMACR is potentially an important prostate tumor marker.
PLL/DLL system noise analysis for low jitter clock synthesizer design (2002)

This paper presents an analytical model for timing jitter accumulation in ring-oscillator based phase-locked-loops (PLL). The timing jitter of the system is shown to depend on the jitter in the ring-oscillator and an accumulation factor which is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of the phase-locked-loop. Further analysis shows that for delay-locked-loops (DLL), which use an inverter delay chain that is not configured as a ring-oscillator, there is no noise enhancement since noise jitter events do not contribute to the starting point of the next clock cycle. Finally, theoretical predictions for overall jitter are compared to behavioral simulations with good agreement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Instance Embedding Transfer to Unsupervised Video Object Segmentation (2018)

We propose a method for unsupervised video object segmentation by transferring the knowledge encapsulated in image-based instance embedding networks. The instance embedding network produces an embedding vector for each pixel that enables identifying all pixels belonging to the same object. Though trained on static images, the instance embeddings are stable over consecutive video frames, which allows us to link objects together over time. Thus, we adapt the instance networks trained on static images to video object segmentation and incorporate the embeddings with objectness and optical flow features, without model retraining or online fine-tuning. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art unsupervised segmentation methods in the DAVIS dataset and the FBMS dataset.
Early Conventional MRI for Prediction of Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Infants (2016)

In our cohort, conventional MRI at term-equivalent age exhibited high specificity in predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, sensitivity was suboptimal, suggesting additional clinical factors and biomarkers are needed to enable accurate prognostication.
Leaky Integrate and Fire Neuron by Charge-Discharge Dynamics in Floating-Body MOSFET (2017)

Neuro-biology inspired Spiking Neural Network (SNN) enables efficient learning and recognition tasks. To achieve a large scale network akin to biology, a power and area efficient electronic neuron is essential. Earlier, we had demonstrated an LIF neuron by a novel 4-terminal impact ionization based n+/p/n+ with an extended gate (gated-INPN) device by physics simulation. Excellent improvement in area and power compared to conventional analog circuit implementations was observed. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a compact conventional 3-terminal partially depleted (PD) SOI- MOSFET (100 nm gate length) to replace the 4-terminal gated-INPN device. Impact ionization (II) induced floating body effect in SOI-MOSFET is used to capture LIF neuron behavior to demonstrate spiking frequency dependence on input. MHz operation enables attractive hardware acceleration compared to biology. Overall, conventional PD-SOI-CMOS technology enables very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) which is essential for biology scale (~10<sup>11</sup> neuron based) large neural networks.
Supra-Ductile and High-Strength Manganese-TRIP/TWIP Steels for High Energy Absorption Purposes. (2003)

The microstructural properties of advanced high strength and supra-ductile TRIP and TWIP steels with high-manganese concentrations (15 to 25 mass%) and additions of aluminum and silicon (2 to 4mass%) were investigated as a function of temperature (−196 to 400°C) and strain rate (10−4≤ε≤103 s−1). Multiple martensitic γfcc (austenie)→εhcpMs (hcp-martensite)→αbccMs (bcc-martensite)-transformations occurred in the TRIP steel when deformed at higher strain rates and ambient temperatures. This mechanism leads to a pronounced strain hardening and high tensile strength (>1 000 MPa) with improved elongations to failure of >50%. The austenitic TWIP steel reveals extensive twin formation when deformed below 150°C at low and high strain rates. Under these conditions extremely high tensile ductility (>80%) and energy absorption is achieved and no brittle fracture transition temperature occurs. The governing microstructural parameter is the stacking fault energy Γfcc of the fcc austenite and the phase stability determined by the Gibbs free energy ΔGγ→ε. These factors are strongly influenced by the manganese content and additions of aluminum and silicon.The stacking fault energy Γfcc and the Gibbs free energy G were calculated using the regular solution model. The results show that aluminum increases Γfcc and suppresses the γfcc→εhcpMs transformation, whereas silicon sustains the γfcc→εhcpMs transformation and decreases the stacking fault energy. At the critical value of Γfcc≈25 mJ/mol and for ΔGγ→ε>0, the twinning mechanism is favored. At lower stacking fault energy of (Γfcc<16 mJ/mol and for ΔGγ→ε>0, martensitic phase transformation will be the governing deformation mechanism.The excellent ductility and the enhanced impact properties enable complex deep drawing or stretch forming operations of sheets and the fabrication of crash absorbing frame structures.
A Monographic Study of Rhus and Its Immediate Allies in North and Central America, Including the West Indies (1937)

Fred Alexander Barkley, A Monographic Study of Rhus and Its Immediate Allies in North and Central America, Including the West Indies, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Sep., 1937), pp. 265-468+470+472+474+476+478+480+482+484+486+488+490+492+494+496
Topical Keyphrase Extraction from Twitter (2011)

Summarizing and analyzing Twitter content is an important and challenging task. In this pa-per, we propose to extract topical keyphrases as one way to summarize Twitter. We propose a context-sensitive topical PageRank method for keyword ranking and a probabilistic scor-ing function that considers both relevance and interestingness of keyphrases for keyphrase ranking. We evaluate our proposed methods on a large Twitter data set. Experiments show that these methods are very effective for topi-cal keyphrase extraction. 1
Fixture Optimization for Robotic Belt Grinding System (2011)

A PPPRRR grinding robot type is proposed for the belt grinding process with complex surfaces.The D-H kinematic model is used to obtain the solutions of the kinematics and inverse kinematics.The mathematical model for the robotic grinding paths is set up to finish a golf clue.The factors including the pose of the work piece respect to the end and the position of contact wheel respect to the robot is analyzed to influence the grinding ability.By the Monte Carlo method to optimize the pose and position factors above,the grinding ability is increased.
H60/TNT-3 Fusion Protein Activates NK Cells In Vitro and Improves Immunotherapeutic Outcome in Murine Syngeneic Tumor Models (2006)

H60 is a murine minor histocompatibility antigen that binds to NKG2D and activates an effector phenotype in NK and T cells. In the present study, H60 was genetically fused to the tumor-targeting murine MAb TNT-3. The resultant fusion protein, named H60/TNT-3, was produced in NS0 cells and determined by ELISA to possess an H60 epitope. The Ka of H60/TNT-3 (2.43 x 10(9) M(-1)) was nearly identical to that of the parental Ab (2.22 x 10(9) M(-1)), demonstrating that addition of the H60 moiety to the N-terminus of TNT-3 heavy chain did not affect antigen affinity. In vitro, H60/TNT-3 bound and activated murine NK cells, eliciting IFN-gamma production in a higher percentage of cells than the activating NKG2D Ab A10. In vivo, H60/TNT-3 possessed a half-life of approximately 12 hours and effectively targeted tumor tissue versus control organs, with nearly 2% injected dose per gram of tumor retained after 48 hours. Finally, H60/TNT-3 was tested for antitumor efficacy in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice bearing subcutaneous syngeneic carcinomas. Tumor volume reduction was observed in both CT26 and Lewis Lung models (53% and 52%, respectively) relative to untreated control mice. Further, Lewis Lung carcinoma-bearing mice treated with H60/TNT-3 experienced a statistically significant survival advantage. Taken together, these data characterize a new immunotherapeutic MAb with antitumor efficacy that prolonged overall survival in a resistant solid tumor model.
A heart sound feature extraction algorithm based on wavelet decomposition and reconstruction (2002)

An algorithm based on the wavelet decomposition and reconstruction method was developed to extract features from the heart sound recordings. An artificial neural networks classification method based on these features was used to classify the heart sound signals into physiological and pathological murmurs. The classification result indicated 74.4% accuracy.
Type I interferons produced by hematopoietic cells protect mice against lethal infection by mammalian reovirus (2007)

We defined the function of type I interferons (IFNs) in defense against reovirus strain type 1 Lang (T1L), which is a double-stranded RNA virus that infects Peyer's patches (PPs) after peroral inoculation of mice. T1L induced expression of mRNA for IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and Mx-1 in PPs and caused localized intestinal infection that was cleared in 10 d. In contrast, T1L produced fatal systemic infection in IFNalphaR1 knockout (KO) mice with extensive cell loss in lymphoid tissues and necrosis of the intestinal mucosa. Studies of bone-marrow chimeric mice indicated an essential role for hematopoietic cells in IFN-dependent viral clearance. Dendritic cells (DCs), including conventional DCs (cDCs), were the major source of type I IFNs in PPs of reovirus-infected mice, whereas all cell types expressed the antiviral protein Mx-1. Neither NK cells nor signaling via Toll-like receptor 3 or MyD88 were essential for viral clearance. These data demonstrate a requirement for type I IFNs in the control of an intestinal viral infection and indicate that cDCs are a significant source of type I IFN production in vivo. Therefore, innate immunity in PPs is an essential component of host defense that limits systemic spread of pathogens that infect the intestinal mucosa.
A theoretical approach to nonfoaming adsorptive bubble fractionation (1966)

Abstract A theoretical discussion is presented for the separation attainable via adsorption at the surfaces of bubbles rising up through a liquid solution. This heretofore neglected operation, which is called bubble fractionation , differs from both foam fractionation and gas desorption.
Salivary Detection of H1N1 Virus: A Clinical Feasibility Investigation (2011)

The fast and efficient transportation among continents will continue to play a role in the spread of airborne pandemics. The objective of this study was to detect H1N1 virus in the saliva of individuals who visited the emergency department and were diagnosed as having H1N1 influenza. Nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva samples from those who presented to the emergency department with flu-like symptoms were sent to the laboratory. RNA was extracted from both samples. Real-time RT-PCR tests were performed, and the saliva and nasopharyngeal swab tests were compared. Samples were drawn from 26 individuals. A positive nasopharyngeal swab test and salivary test was found in 14 persons, and negative tests were found in 12 persons. Saliva sampling for H1N1 has excellent predictive value, is highly accurate and reliable, and is more convenient than the nasopharyngeal swab. Clinical trial with the Helsinki Committee at Rambam Health Care Campus, registration number 036309-RMB.
Microheterogeneity in crosslinked polysiloxanes (1978)

Abstract Previously reported studies on crosslinked castable poly(dimethylsiloxanes) have been extended. A series of dimethylsiloxane difumarates were copolymerized with styrene, and some of their rheological properties were determined. Investigation of these and previously prepared polymers has shown that segregation on a microscale can take place in two‐component crosslinked systems with relatively short network chains. This may occur even if one of the components is a nonpolymeric species involved in crosslinking. Microheterogeneity was observed in systems made up of prepolymer chains of a single type, when these were short enough to expose a specific structure of the crosslinking site. It seems that microheterogeneity can be expected in crosslinked polymers when the size of the crosslinking site is significant in comparison with the network chain length and when its cohesive energy density differs considerably from that of the main network chains. Additional factors affecting microphase separation include the existence of physical interactions between chemical groups, steric positioning of interacting groups during the process of crosslinking, and physical effects of the degree of crosslinking leading to local differences in the density of the system.
An enhanced steering algorithm for redirected walking in virtual environments (2014)

Redirected walking techniques enable natural locomotion through immersive virtual environments that are considerably larger than the available real world walking space. However, the most effective strategy for steering the user remains an open question, as most previously presented algorithms simply redirect toward the center of the physical space. In this work, we present a theoretical framework that plans a walking path through a virtual environment and calculates the parameters for combining translation, rotation, and curvature gains such that the user can traverse a series of defined waypoints efficiently based on a utility function. This function minimizes the number of overt reorientations to avoid introducing potential breaks in presence. A notable advantage of this approach is that it leverages knowledge of the layout of both the physical and virtual environments to enhance the steering strategy.
Use of CLS to Understand PLS IR Calibration for Trace Detection of Organic Molecules in Water (1999)

Partial least-squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) methods applied to spectral data can generally provide excellent quantitative analysis precision, but extraction of qualitative spectral interpretation from the models can be more difficult. For example, we have achieved sensitivity in the parts-per-million range for polar organic compounds in aqueous solutions using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and modified sol-gel-coated ATR sensors. The interpretation of PLS or PCR loading vectors obtained from calibrations involving orthogonally designed solutions of acetone and isopropanol in water yields a misleading understanding of the mechanism for the IR detection of isopropanol on these sensors. Examination of the loading vectors from PLS or PCR or the first weight-loading vector from the PLS model would suggest that the spectral calibration is based largely on the interaction of the isopropanol with the surface modifier of the sol-gel coating. However, a classical least-squares (CLS) analysis of the data shows clearly that this interaction is not a significant source of the spectral calibration, but rather the calibration is primarily due to the spectroscopic signal of the isopropanol analyte. In this case, the misleading qualitative interpretation of the PLS and PCR models is the result of the spectral variation being dominated by the effects of spectrometer drift. CLS can overcome this problem if a parameter is included in the CLS calibration that adequately represents the drift. In the example presented here, time of spectral data collection is an appropriate drift-related parameter that can be added to the CLS calibration concentration model in order to provide the qualitative information needed to correctly interpret the spectral data. Other methods to include the effects of spectrometer drift in the CLS model are also presented.