gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic functional and mechanical response of breast tissue to compression (2008)

Physiological tissue dynamics following breast compression offer new contrast mechanisms for evaluating breast health and disease with near infrared spectroscopy. We monitored the total hemoglobin concentration and hemoglobin oxygen saturation in 28 healthy female volunteers subject to repeated fractional mammographic compression. The compression induces a reduction in blood flow, in turn causing a reduction in hemoglobin oxygen saturation. At the same time, a two phase tissue viscoelastic relaxation results in a reduction and redistribution of pressure within the tissue and correspondingly modulates the tissue total hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation. We observed a strong correlation between the relaxing pressure and changes in the total hemoglobin concentration bearing evidence of the involvement of different vascular compartments. Consequently, we have developed a model that enables us to disentangle these effects and obtain robust estimates of the tissue oxygen consumption and blood flow. We obtain estimates of 1.9+/-1.3 micromol/100 mL/min for OC and 2.8+/-1.7 mL/100 mL/min for blood flow, consistent with other published values.
Isolation of an endogenous clonidine‐displacing substance from rat brain (1984)

An endogenous substance which specifically displaces clonidine, yohimbine and rauwolscine from rat brain alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, has been isolated. The new compound, designed clonidine-displacing-substance (CDS), has been partially purified by ion exchange chromatography, zone electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). CDS binds specifically to alpha 2-adrenergic receptors by competing with either alpha 2-adrenergic agonists or alpha 2-antagonists, but has no effect on the specific binding of [3H]prazosin to alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in rat brain membranes. In the course of isolation, CDS was shown to be neither the endogenous neurotransmitter (-)norepinephrine (NE) nor the guanyl nucleotide GTP which lowers the specific binding of alpha 2-agonists to the alpha 2-adrenergic receptors.
Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Hybrids Between PCR-Amplified HIV-1 DNA and a RNA Probe: PCR-EIA (1990)

An enzyme immunoassay was developed to detect human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR-EIA). A set of primers (outer set) was used in PCR to amplify a segment of the HIV-1 gag gene from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Hybrids between the amplified DNA and a RNA probe were measured in a microtiter plate immunoassay using a beta-D-galactosidase-conjugated monoclonal antibody to DNA-RNA hybrids and a fluorescent substrate. A second set of primers (nested set) located within the outer set was used in PCR with a known template to prepare the probe. One primer of the nested set included the T7 RNA polymerase promoter at its 5' end allowing transcription of a single-stranded RNA probe. Ten copies of HIV-1 DNA could be detected by PCR-EIA (42 fluorescent units with a background of 18 fluorescent units) compared with a detection limit of 1000 copies by ethidium bromide-stained agarose gel. HIV-1 DNA was detected by PCR-EIA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 32 of 33 seropositive patients (range 54-810 fluorescent units), and 0 of 25 seronegative patients (range 20-40 fluorescent units) (sensitivity 97%; specificity 100%). PCR-EIA offers a practical and nonisotopic method to objectively measure PCR-amplified HIV-1 DNA and has the potential for the measurement of other microbial pathogens in human body fluids.
Proinflammatory activity of anti-IL-8 autoantibody:IL-8 complexes in alveolar edema fluid from patients with acute lung injury (2004)

A significant fraction of IL-8 in lung fluids from patients with the acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with anti-IL-8 autoantibodies (anti-IL-8:IL-8 complexes), and lung fluid concentrations of these complexes correlate with development and outcome of ALI. In this study, we examined whether anti-IL-8:IL-8 complexes exhibit proinflammatory activity in vitro. These complexes were purified from pulmonary edema fluid samples obtained from patients with ALI. First, we found that IL-8 bound to the autoantibody retained its ability to trigger chemotaxis of neutrophils, whereas control antibody did not have significant chemotactic activity. Next, we examined the ability of anti-IL-8:IL-8 complexes to induce neutrophil activation, i.e., neutrophil respiratory burst and degranulation. Anti-IL-8:IL-8 complexes triggered superoxide and myeloperoxidase release from human neutrophils, and in contrast, the control antibody had no effect. We also demonstrated that IgG receptor, FcgammaRIIa, is the receptor involved in cellular activation mediated by these complexes. Blockade of FcgammaRIIa completely reverses activity of the complexes with the exception of chemotaxis. Both FcgammaRIIa and IL-8 receptors mediate chemotactic activity of anti-IL-8:IL-8 complexes, with FcgammaRIIa being, however, a predominant receptor. Furthermore, activity of the complexes is partially dependent on the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, i.e., ERK and p38, important components of the FcgammaRIIa signaling cascade. Anti-IL-8:IL-8 complexes may therefore be involved in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation in clinical acute lung injury.
Harbormaster: Policy Enforcement for Containers (2015)

Lightweight virtualization, as implemented by application container solutions such as Docker, have the potential to revolutionize the way multi-tier applications are developed and deployed, especially in the cloud. The success of application containers can be partly attributed to their ability to share resources with the underlying platform that hosts them. As such, the isolation provided by such containers is not as strict as with traditional VMs. These very characteristics that have contributed to the success of application containers can also be seen as factors that limit their widespread commercial adoption, since enterprise IT administrators cannot implement the various -- and often fine-grained -- security policies they are required to abide by. This problem is of limited consequence when a host is running a single user's application containers. But sharing compute resources among multiple users is an important benefit of containers and cloud-based deployment. In this paper we present a preliminary discussion of the challenges associated with enterprise security policy management for application containers deployed in multi-user environments. Furthermore, we present Harbormaster, a system that addresses some of these challenges by enforcing policy checks on Docker container management operations and allowing administrators to implement the principle of least privilege.
Synthesis of Denser Energetic Metal–Organic Frameworks via a Tandem Anion–Ligand Exchange Strategy (2017)

High-density materials have attracted extensive attention because of their broad applications. However, strategies for improving the densities of MOFs and preparing denser MOFs remain almost unexplored. Herein, we propose a tandem anion-ligand exchange strategy for synthesizing denser MOFs by using three-dimensional cationic MOFs (3D CMOFs) with pillared layered structures as precursors and high-density anions and small monotopic ligands as exogenous guests. By means of this strategy, we choose the high-density nitroformate ion [C(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>] as an exogenous anion and water as an exogenous ligand to successfully synthesize two layered CMOFs. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed that after this transformation, the extra-framework anions are replaced with the C(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> anions, and the distances between adjacent layers in the two-dimensional (2D) networks are more than 3.70 Å shorter than those of their 3D precursors. The resultant materials exhibit higher densities, higher heats of detonation, higher nitrogen and oxygen contents, and lower metal contents. In particular, the density of {Cu(atrz)<sub>2</sub>[C(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>·atrz·2H<sub>2</sub>O}<sub>n</sub> (2b, ρ = 1.76 g cm<sup>-3</sup>, atrz = 4,4'-azo-1,2,4-triazole) is increased by 0.12 g cm<sup>-3</sup> compared to its 3D precursor {2a, [Cu(atrz)<sub>3</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O]<sub>n</sub>, ρ = 1.64 g cm<sup>-3</sup>}, and its heat of detonation is also enhanced to more than 1900 kJ kg<sup>-1</sup>. The resultant 2D layered CMOFs are also new potential high-energy density materials. This work may provide new insights into the design and synthesis of high-density MOFs. Moreover, we anticipate that the approach reported here would be useful for the preparation of new MOFs, in particular, which are otherwise difficult or unfeasible through traditional synthetic routes.
Equilibrium Conditions for Amination of Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium Conditions for Amination of Alcohols and Carbonyl CompoundsJosef Pašek, Petr Kondelik, and Pavel RichterCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1972, 11, 3, 333–337Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360043a016https://doi.org/10.1021/i360043a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views413Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
How systemic inflammation modulates adenosine metabolism and adenosine receptor expression in humans in vivo (2012)

Adenosine metabolism and signaling undergo adaptive changes during human experimental endotoxemia promoting higher levels of adenosine thereby facilitating its inflammatory signaling.
The Reaction of Nitrous Acid with Nitroaminoguanidine (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Nitrous Acid with NitroaminoguanidineEugene Lieber, Edward Sherman, Ronald A. Henry, and Joseph CohenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 2327–2329Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01149a124https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01149a124research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pulmonary gas-exchange analysis by using simultaneous deposition of aerosolized and injected microspheres (1998)

Numerical methods for determining end-capillary gas contents for ventilation-to-perfusion ratios were first developed in the late 1960s. In the 1970s these methods were applied to validate distributions of ventilation-to-perfusion ratios measured by the multiple inert-gas-elimination technique. We combined numerical gas analysis and fluorescent-microsphere measurements of ventilation and perfusion to predict gas exchange at a resolution of ∼2.0-cm 3 lung volume in pigs. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and inert gas exchange were calculated in 551–845 compartments/animal before and after pulmonary embolization with 780-μm beads. Whole lung gas exchange was estimated from the perfusion- and ventilation-weighted end-capillary gas contents. Before lung injury, no significant difference existed between microsphere-estimated arterial [Formula: see text]and [Formula: see text] and measured values. After lung injury, the microsphere method predicted a decrease in arterial[Formula: see text] but consistently underestimated its magnitude. Correlation between predicted and measured inert gas retentions was 0.99. Overestimation of low-solubility inert gas retentions suggests underestimation of areas with low ventilation-to-perfusion ratios by microspheres after lung injury. Regional deposition of aerosolized and injected microspheres is a valid method for investigating regional gas exchange with high spatial resolution.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties of oral DEBIO1143 (AT-406) in patients with advanced cancer: results of a first-in-man study (2015)

DEBIO1143 was well tolerated at doses up to 900 mg and elicited PD effects at doses greater 80 mg. Limited antitumor activity may suggest development rather as adjunct treatment.
Analysis of Coumestrol Content in Soybean (2008)

Soybean coumestrol is naturally occurring plant chemical and believed to play a potential role in therapeutic or preventive effects on a range of hormone-dependent conditions in human.46 seed samples derived from China,America and Japan were conducted by HPLC to analyze the coumestrol contents in this paper,The results indicated that the coumestrol contents in soybean seeds were from 0.123 to 1.290 μg·g-1 and 0.587 μg·g-1 in average.It offered the information for selecting variety of the high coumestrol content and improving variety in soybean.
Blockade of TRPM7 Channel Activity and Cell Death by Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase (2010)

TRPM7 is a ubiquitous divalent-selective ion channel with its own kinase domain. Recent studies have shown that suppression of TRPM7 protein expression by RNA interference increases resistance to ischemia-induced neuronal cell death in vivo and in vitro, making the channel a potentially attractive pharmacological target for molecular intervention. Here, we report the identification of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, NDGA, AA861, and MK886, as potent blockers of the TRPM7 channel. Using a cell-based assay, application of these compounds prevented cell rounding caused by overexpression of TRPM7 in HEK-293 cells, whereas inhibitors of 12-lipoxygenase and 15-lipoxygenase did not prevent the change in cell morphology. Application of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors blocked heterologously expressed TRPM7 whole-cell currents without affecting the protein's expression level or its cell surface concentration. All three inhibitors were also effective in blocking the native TRPM7 current in HEK-293 cells. However, two other 5-lipoxygenase specific inhibitors, 5,6-dehydro-arachidonic acid and zileuton, were ineffective in suppressing TRPM7 channel activity. Targeted knockdown of 5-lipoxygenase did not reduce TRPM7 whole-cell currents. In addition, application of 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), the product of 5-lipoxygenase, or 5-HPETE's downstream metabolites, leukotriene B4 and leukotriene D4, did not stimulate TRPM7 channel activity. These data suggested that NDGA, AA861, and MK886 reduced the TRPM7 channel activity independent of their effect on 5-lipoxygenase activity. Application of AA861 and NDGA reduced cell death for cells overexpressing TRPM7 cultured in low extracellular divalent cations. Moreover, treatment of HEK-293 cells with AA861 increased cell resistance to apoptotic stimuli to a level similar to that obtained for cells in which TRPM7 was knocked down by RNA interference. In conclusion, NDGA, AA861, and MK886 are potent blockers of the TRPM7 channel capable of attenuating TRPM7's function during cell stress, making them effective tools for the biophysical characterization and suppression of TRPM7 channel conductance in vivo.
The Differences in Brain Activity between Narrow Band Noise and Pure Tone Tinnitus (2010)

Results demonstrated that narrow band noise tinnitus patients differ from pure tone tinnitus patients in the lateral frontopolar (BA 10), PCC and the parahippocampal area for delta, beta and gamma frequency bands, respectively. The parahippocampal-PCC current density differences might be load dependent, as noise-like tinnitus constitutes multiple frequencies in contrast to pure tone tinnitus. The lateral frontopolar differences might be related to pitch specific memory retrieval.
Electrically tunable organic–inorganic hybrid polaritons with monolayer WS2 (2017)

Exciton-polaritons are quasiparticles consisting of a linear superposition of photonic and excitonic states, offering potential for nonlinear optical devices. The excitonic component of the polariton provides a finite Coulomb scattering cross section, such that the different types of exciton found in organic materials (Frenkel) and inorganic materials (Wannier-Mott) produce polaritons with different interparticle interaction strength. A hybrid polariton state with distinct excitons provides a potential technological route towards in situ control of nonlinear behaviour. Here we demonstrate a device in which hybrid polaritons are displayed at ambient temperatures, the excitonic component of which is part Frenkel and part Wannier-Mott, and in which the dominant exciton type can be switched with an applied voltage. The device consists of an open microcavity containing both organic dye and a monolayer of the transition metal dichalcogenide WS<sub>2</sub>. Our findings offer a perspective for electrically controlled nonlinear polariton devices at room temperature.
Degradation of arylarsenic compounds by microorganisms (2007)

Microorganisms were not directly accumulated when soil contaminated to about 0.5 mM with diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA) was used as the sole source of carbon. However, using toluene as the carbon source yielded several isolates, which were then used in cultivation with DPAA as the sole source of carbon. By these methods, Kytococcus sedentarius strain NK0508, which can grow in up to 0.038 mM DPAA, was isolated. The toxicity of DPAA retarded the growth of K. sedentarius and the direct accumulation of DPAA-utilizing microorganisms from environmental samples. This strain can utilize about 80% of DPAA and phenylarsonic acid as the sole source of carbon for 3 days. Degradation products of DPAA were determined to be cis, cis, muconate and arsenic acid. When K. sedentarius was cultivated with methylphenylarsinic acid and diphenylmethylarsine, about 90% and 10% degradation of the two compounds, respectively, were observed. Diphenylmethylarsine oxide, possibly synthesized by methylation of DPAA, was detected as one of the transformation products. These results suggest that degradation is initiated by splitting of the phenyl groups from the arylarsenic compounds with subsequent hydroxylation of the phenyl groups and ring opening to yield cis, cis, muconate.
Matrix-driven cell size change modulates aortic endothelial cell proliferation and sheet migration. (1988)

Current hypotheses suggest that the extracellular matrix modulates cellular function in physiologic homeostasis and during injury and repair and that selected cellular functions are cell and nuclear size dependent. For elucidation of the role of extracellular matrix-driven cell size changes in the modulation of endothelial cell proliferation and sheet migration an in vitro model system was used that allows for the culture of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) on various purified extracellular matrix components. BAEC exhibited distinct patterns in rates of attachment, spreading, migration, and proliferation when cultured on the selected extracellular matrix components laminin, types I and III collagen, type IV collagen, and fibronectin. In addition, there was a correlation between cell and nuclear size (on the various matrices tested) and rates of cell attachment and spreading. In contrast, an inverse correlation was noted between cell and nuclear size (on the various matrices tested) and proliferation and sheet migration. These data demonstrate that endothelial cells respond to matrix components in specific but complex fashions, mediated, in part, by changes in cell and nuclear size.
Design patterns in garbage collection (2002)

We describe several design patterns found in garbage collectors. The patterns we present are divided into two groups. The first group are two new design patterns: Rootset and TriColour that have been used in the garbage collection domain for up to 20 years. The second group of patterns are reported in the GoF book, such as Adapter, Facade, Iterator and Proxy, but we examine their use in the garbage collection domain. These patterns can be used by language implementers to provide a less efficient, but simpler and more flexible way of implementing and reusing garbage collectors in programming languages than current low-level and nonportable methods.
Properties of a Human Alpha-Interferon Purified from <i>E. Coli</i> Extracts (1981)

A human alpha interferon, designated HuIFN-alpha A, produced in E. coli by direct expression of cloned cDNA [Goeddel et al., Nature 287, 411--416 (1980)] has been purified from bacterial extracts and characterized. The protein has a molecular weight (19,400 by SDS/PAGE) and amino acid composition consistent with the DNA sequence. The pI was determined to be 6.1. The molecule has a specific activity of 1.5 x 10(8) NIH reference units/mg of protein. The sequence of the first 35 amino acids is identical to that expected from the nucleotide sequence. About 50% of the molecules begin with the expected cysteine, and 50% begin with the initiator methionine which E. coli apparently did not remove efficiently. Analysis of a trypsin digest of the native molecule showed that all four of the molecule's cysteines are involved in disulfide bonds: Cys1 is bonded to Cys98, and Cys29 is bonded to Cys 138.