gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium and sodium transport and vitamin D metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. (1984)

Serum ionized calcium levels are lower and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels are higher in the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat than in the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKy) control. We postulated that there is either a defect in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism by parathyroid hormone or that the gut target organ for vitamin D in the SH rat is unresponsive. To test these hypotheses we measured serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and intestinal transport of calcium and sodium. Compared with that of WKy controls, in vitro calcium transport by duodenal sacs of the SH rat was decreased (P less than 0.001) at 5 wk, before the development of hypertension, and at 12 wk, after hypertension was well established. When measured in vivo in the most proximal 20 cm of small intestine, maximum velocity (Vmax) for calcium transport was decreased (P less than 0.05) and net absorption of sodium and water was increased (P less than 0.05) in SH rats as compared with WKy rats. Vmax for calcium transport was also decreased (P less than 0.05) in the most distal 20 cm of small intestine of SH rats, but net sodium and water transport were the same in SH and WKy rats. At 12 wk, serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] was the same in both SH and WKy groups, but its precursor, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, was increased (P less than 0.05) in the SH rat. We conclude that in the SH rat: (a) the concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 is inappropriately low in relation to the elevated immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and the depressed calcium absorption, suggesting a defect in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism; and (b) the depressed calcium absorption, in the setting of normal concentrations of [1,25-(OH)2D3], demonstrates unresponsiveness of the gut to vitamin D and may explain in part the low serum ionized calcium found in earlier studies. The presence of these abnormalities before we found a significant difference in blood pressure suggests that they may be causal, not secondary, to the hypertension.
Associating Avatars with Musical Genres (2010)

Accessing personal and online music libraries with thousands of songs has become an everyday activity. Instead of textual lists, the libraries can also be accessed using graphical visualizations such as adaptive avatars. To develop the idea further, we designed 17 stereotypical avatars representing different musical genres. To study how well the avatars were recognized, an online questionnaire with 71 participants was arranged. This paper discusses the design of the avatars in more detail, explains which musical genres were selected for the study and why, and presents the results of the questionnaire.
QR Factorization In The Partial-Realization Problem (1991)

Report discusses use of QR factorization in solving partial-realization problem. Subject matter relevant to characterization of system, details of which hidden (a blackbox), on basis of relationship between its inputs and outputs. When realization process successful, system shown linear with known number of degrees of freedom and representable by mathematical model providing basis for prediction of outputs and design of controllers.
Sampling the mesoscale ocean surface currents with various satellite altimeter configurations (2004)

Ten-day composites of maximum cross correlation (MCC) ocean surface current vectors from 1 km spatial resolution advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) thermal infrared images are used to simulate the ocean surface current retrieval capabilities of three satellite altimeter configurations over a large California coastal region. Ground track positions of the nadir sampling TOPEX/Poseidon (TP; now the Jason-1) satellite altimeters are used to compute the cross track components of the corresponding MCC vectors for a ten-day composite period. Next, the TP and Jason-1 "tandem mission" sampling is simulated for the same region and temporal sample. Finally, a similar approach is used to simulate the current retrievals from the proposed wide swath ocean altimeter (WSOA), which will have the capability to retrieve both along and cross track components of the surface velocity over a spatial swath rather than just nadir sampling. Visual comparisons of raw vector fields and through differences and wavenumber spectra from optimally interpolated (OI) currents from the "simulated altimetry" with the corresponding MCC fields demonstrates that the combined coverage from Jason and TOPEX results in a better representation of the currents than that of Jason alone and that the retrieved currents from the WSOA altimeter provide an even greater improvement over the tandem mapping of the TP and Jason-1 altimeters.
Compact broad-band annular ring antenna for global navigation satellite systems (2010)

A compact circularly polarized annular ring antenna is proposed for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). The antenna is excited by two L-probes connected to the 90± power divider printed on the back. The high impedance of the annular ring working at TM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> mode is transformed to low values by the L-probes. The antenna has a 44.2% 10-dB return loss bandwidth and a 37.8% 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth, respectively, due to the L-probes and the power divider. The gain bandwidth of the antenna is sufficiently enough to cover the bands of COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS systems around 1.575 GHz.
Molecular cloning and characterization of the vasopressin-regulated urea transporter of rat kidney collecting ducts. (1996)

Absorption of urea in the renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) contributes to hypertonicity in the medullary interstitium which, in turn, provides the osmotic driving force for water reabsorption. This mechanism is regulated by vasopressin via a cAMP-dependent pathway and activation of a specialized urea transporter located in the apical membrane. We report here the cloning of a novel urea transporter, designated UT1, from the rat inner medulla which is functionally and structurally distinct from the previously reported kidney urea transporter UT2. UT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes mediated passive transport of urea that was inhibited by phloretin and urea analogs but, in contrast to UT2, was strongly stimulated by cAMP agonists. Sequence comparison revealed that the coding region of UT1 cDNA contains the entire 397 amino acid residue coding region of UT2 and an additional 1,596 basepair-stretch at the 5' end. This stretch encodes a novel 532 amino acid residue NH2-terminal domain that has 67% sequence identity with UT2. Thus, UT1 consists of two internally homologous portions that have most likely arisen by gene duplication. Studies of the rat genomic DNA further indicated that UT1 and UT2 are derived from a single gene by alternative splicing. Based on Northern analysis and in situ hybridization, UT1 is expressed exclusively in the IMCD, particularly in its terminal portion. Taken together, our data show that UT1 corresponds to the previously characterized vasopressin-regulated urea transporter in the apical membrane of the terminal IMCD which plays a critical role in renal water conservation.
.beta.-Radiolysis of crystalline carbon-14-labeled amino acids (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.beta.-Radiolysis of crystalline carbon-14-labeled amino acidsWilliam A. Bonner, Richard M. Lemmon, and H. Pierre NoyesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 3, 522–524Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00397a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00397a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inducible polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias in a transgenic mouse model with a long Q-T phenotype (2000)

We created a mouse model with a prolonged Q-T interval and spontaneous arrhythmias by overexpressing the NH(2) terminus and first transmembrane segment (Kv1.1N206Tag) of a delayed rectifier potassium channel (LQT(+/-) mouse). Analyses were performed using whole cell recordings of cardiac myocytes, surface electrocardiography, and programmed electrical stimulation. Action potential duration (APD) was prolonged to the same extent and was more highly variable in myocytes derived from LQT(+/-) and LQT(+/+) mice than in myocytes derived from wild-type (WT) FVB mice. Under ketamine anesthesia, the Q-T interval of both LQT(+/+) and LQT(+/-) mice was comparably prolonged versus that of WT mice. Stimulation of the right ventricle using an intracardiac catheter induced polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 50% of the LQT(+/-) mice and 36% of the LQT(+/+) mice, whereas polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias were not inducible in WT mice. The analyses of LQT(+/-) and LQT(+/+) mice indicate that prolongation of the Q-T interval in LQT mice is associated with prolonged APD, increased dispersion of APD among cardiocytes, and inducibility of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, providing the substrate for spontaneous arrhythmias in these animals.
Cloning and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes that confer L-methionine sulfoximine and tabtoxin resistance (1987)

Pseudomonas tabaci produces a toxin, tabtoxin, that causes wildfire disease in tobacco. The primary target of tabtoxin is presumed to be glutamine synthetase. Some effects of tabtoxin in tobacco can be mimicked by methionine sulfoximine (MSO), a compound that is known to inactivate glutamine synthetase. To understand how organisms can be made resistant to tabtoxin and MSO, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We demonstrate that yeast strains carrying the glutamine synthetase gene, GLN1, on a multicopy plasmid overproduced glutamine synthetase and showed increased drug resistance. These and other data indicate that glutamine synthetase is the primary target of tabtoxin and MSO in S. cerevisiae. We also isolated three S. cerevisiae DNA inserts of 2.1, 2.3, and 2.8 kilobases that conferred tabtoxin and MSO resistance when the inserts were present on a multicopy plasmid. These plasmids conferred resistance to MSO by blocking intracellular transport of the drug. Transport appeared to occur by one or more methionine permeases. Resistance to tabtoxin could also occur by blockage of intracellular transport, but the drug was transported by some permease other than a methionine permease. These drug resistance plasmids did not block transport of citrulline, indicating that they did not affect the general amino acid permease.
Text Character Extraction and Text Mining Based on DCSSM (2005)

A knowledge expressed method is presented, which use the pattern of the complex type data. And a structure model-discovery character sub-space model DCSSM based on knowledge discovery of the complex type data is proposed. The methods of text character extraction and the text mining are then discussed.
Carbohydrates as Multifunctional Chiral Scaffolds in Combinatorial Synthesis (1998)

Four orthogonally stable protecting groups and a selectively cleavable anchor that are stable under basic conditions are required in order that carbohydrates can be employed as chiral polyfunctional scaffolds in combinatorial solid-phase syntheses of high diversity. The schematic representation shows the combinatorial synthesis with a carbohydrate scaffold (SG=protecting group, A=anchor, P=polymer carrier), which proceeds by sequential selective deprotection, functionalization, washing of the solid phase, and cleavage of the anchor.
Agent-based virtual humans in co-space: An evaluative study (2012)

Co-Space refers to interactive virtual environment modelled after the real world in terms of look-and-feel, functionalities and services. We have developed a 3D virtual world named Nan yang Technological University (NTU) Co-Space populated with virtual human characters. Three key requirements of realistic virtual humans in the virtual world have been identified, namely (1) autonomy: agents can function on their own, (2) interactivity: agents can interact naturally with players, and (3) personality: agents can exhibit human traits and characteristics. Working towards these challenges, we propose a brain-inspired agent architecture that integrates goal-directed autonomy, natural language interaction and human-like personality. We conducted an evaluative study involving human subjects to assess how virtual characters may enhance user experience in the virtual world. The results show that the fusion ART-based virtual humans receive significantly higher ratings in various performance measures related to user experience, especially Telepresence, Perceived Interactivity and Flow.
<i>The Seigneurial System in Early Canada</i>, by Richard Colebrook Harris (1968)

"The Seigneurial System in Early Canada, by Richard Colebrook Harris." Canadian Journal of History, 3(1), p. 105
Modulation of a Salt Link Does Not Affect Binding of Phosphate to Its Specific Active Transport Receptor<sup>,</sup> (1996)

Electrostatic interactions are among the key forces determining the structure and function of proteins. These are exemplified in the liganded form of the receptor, a phosphate binding protein from Escherichia coli. The phosphate, completely dehydrated and buried in the receptor, is bound by 12 hydrogen bonds as well as a salt link with Arg 135. We have modulated the ionic attraction while preserving the hydrogen bonds by mutating Asp 137, also salt linked to Arg 135, to Asn, Gly or Thr. High-resolution crystallographic analysis revealed that Gly and Thr (but not Asn) mutant proteins have incorporated a more electronegative Cl- in place of the Asp carboxylate. That no dramatic effect on phosphate affinity was produced by these ionic perturbations indicates a major role for hydrogen bonds and other local dipoles in the binding and charge stabilization of ionic ligands.
Growth hormone enhances thymic function in HIV-1–infected adults (2008)

Growth hormone (GH) is an underappreciated but important regulator of T cell development that can reverse age-related declines in thymopoiesis in rodents. Here, we report findings of a prospective randomized study examining the effects of GH on the immune system of HIV-1-infected adults. GH treatment was associated with increased thymic mass. In addition, GH treatment enhanced thymic output, as measured by both the frequency of T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles in circulating T cells and the numbers of circulating naive and total CD4(+) T cells. These findings provide compelling evidence that GH induces de novo T cell production and may, accordingly, facilitate CD4(+) T cell recovery in HIV-1-infected adults. Further, these randomized, prospective data have shown that thymic involution can be pharmacologically reversed in humans, suggesting that immune-based therapies could be used to enhance thymopoiesis in immunodeficient individuals.
Maximum likelihood decoding of Reed Solomon codes (2002)

We present a randomized algorithm which takes as input n distinct points {(x/sub i/,y/sub i/)}/sub i=1//sup n/ from F/spl times/F (where F is a field) and integer parameters t and d and returns a list of all univariate polynomials f over F in the variable a of degree at most d which agree with the given set of points in at least t places (i.e., y/sub i/=f(x/sub i/) for at least t values of i), provided t=/spl Omega/(/spl radic/(nd)). The running time is bounded by a polynomial in n. This immediately provides a maximum likelihood decoding algorithm for Reed Solomon Codes, which works in a setting with a larger number of errors than any previously known algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first efficient (i.e., polynomial time bounded) algorithm which provides some maximum likelihood decoding for any efficient (i.e., constant or even polynomial rate) code.
Monitoring Urinary Bladder Temperature in the Intensive Care Unit: State of the Science (2002)

Body temperature of patients in critical care units can be monitored with a variety of devices and at a variety of body sites. In recent years, monitoring of urinary bladder temperature has become more common. Temperature-sensing indwelling urinary catheters allow continuous drainage of urine and continuous measurement of body temperature. This article provides a comprehensive and critical review of research undertaken in intensive care units to compare body temperatures measured in the urinary bladder with temperatures measured at a core site, the pulmonary artery. The studies support the use of urinary bladder temperature as a reliable index of core temperature during times of thermal stability. For critically ill patients who are already under considerable stress and whose condition necessitates the use of an indwelling urinary catheter, bladder temperature monitoring is an easy and convenient method that eliminates the need to use alternative sites. Further studies on the effects of shivering and urinary flow rate on temperatures measured in the bladder in critical care patients are needed. The economics of monitoring urinary bladder temperature also should be studied.
The First Rhodium-Catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination: Studies on Hydroamination and Oxidative Amination of Aromatic Olefins (1999)

Cationic [Rh(cod)2]+BF4− and various phosphines were employed as in situ catalysts for the first regiospecific anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of aromatic olefins, particularly styrene and substituted styrenes (see diagram). Hydroamination with secondary aliphatic amines, especially morpholine and N-arylpiperazines, was also achieved in the presence of these catalysts. Kinetic studies and isotopic labeling experiments gave insight into the possible reaction pathways. The parameters which influence the amination yield and product ratios were investigated in detail.
Tissue heterogeneity in the mouse lung: effects of elastase treatment (2004)

We developed a network model in an attempt to characterize heterogeneity of tissue elasticity of the lung. The model includes a parallel set of pathways, each consisting of an airway resistance, an airway inertance, and a tissue element connected in series. The airway resistance, airway inertance, and the hysteresivity of the tissue elements were the same in each pathway, whereas the tissue elastance (H) followed a hyperbolic distribution between a minimum and maximum. To test the model, we measured the input impedance of the respiratory system of ventilated normal and emphysematous C57BL/6 mice in closed chest condition at four levels of positive end-expiratory pressures. Mild emphysema was developed by nebulized porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) (30 IU/day x 6 days). Respiratory mechanics were studied 3 wk following the initial treatment. The model significantly improved the fitting error compared with a single-compartment model. The PPE treatment was associated with an increase in mean alveolar diameter and a decrease in minimum, maximum, and mean H. The coefficient of variation of H was significantly larger in emphysema (40%) than that in control (32%). These results indicate that PPE treatment resulted in increased time-constant inequalities associated with a wider distribution of H. The heterogeneity of alveolar size (diameters and area) was also larger in emphysema, suggesting that the model-based tissue elastance heterogeneity may reflect the underlying heterogeneity of the alveolar structure.
The Role of pH in PEG-<i>b</i>-PAAc Modification of Gadolinium Oxide Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications (2012)

Upconversion and near-infrared emitting Gd 2 O 3 :Er 3+ ,Yb 3+ nanostructured phosphors (nanoparticles and nanorods) for applications in bioimaging have been synthesized by precipitation methods and hydrothermal treatment. Variation of the material synthesis conditions (additives and pH) allows controlling particle size (40 nm to μ m range) and rod aspect ratio (5 to 18). It was shown that PEG- b -PAAc (poly(ethylene glycol) poly(acrylic acid) block polymer) is suitable to provide the required chemical durability, dispersion stability, and noncytotoxic behaviour for biomedical applications, where the coating of Gd 2 O 3 with a protecting and biocompatible layer is essential in order to prevent the release of toxic Gd 3+ ions. Physicochemical properties of the Gd 2 O 3 :Er 3+ ,Yb 3+ nanostructures modified with PEG- b -PAAc have been investigated by TG-DTA, FT-IR, and DLS revealing a strong influence of modification conditions, namely, pH of the reaction media, on the nature of the PEG- b -PAAc layer.
Functional Group Analysis in Gas Chromatography. Treatment of Vapors with Selective Reagents. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFunctional Group Analysis in Gas Chromatography. Treatment of Vapors with Selective Reagents.J. E. Hoff and E. D. FeitCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 9, 1298–1299Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60202a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60202a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Volumetric scanning allows 3-d viewing of the bore hole (1982)

FluWatchers participants under-represent the tails of Canada's age distribution and over-represent those who engage in health promoting behaviours as indicated by high influenza vaccine coverage, consistent with typical volunteer-based survey response biases. Representativeness would likely improve with targeted recruitment of under-represented groups, such as males, older adults and Canadians living in rural areas.