gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A goal-oriented self-tuning caching algorithm (2005)

The contribution of this paper is a novel approach to adaptivity that combines alternatives rather than selecting one among alternatives. Using only three, homogenous, cache replacement algorithms, GD-GhOST were able to provide a cache replacement policy that requires no tuning or user-intervention beyond the initial selection of the performance criteria to be optimized. Overall, at its worst observed performance GD-GhOST was within approximately 1% of the best policy's miss ratio, and at its best, GD-GhOST reduced byte miss rates by well over 50%.
A novel method for evaluating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by flowcytometry using cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (2016)

Analyzing the cytotoxic functions of effector cells, such as NK cells against target cancer cells, is thought to be necessary for predicting the clinical efficacy of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) -dependent antibody therapy. The (51)Cr release assay has long been the most widely used method for quantification of ADCC activity. However, the reproducibilities of these release assays are not adequate, and they do not allow evaluation of the lysis susceptibilities of distinct cell types within the target cell population. In this study, we established a novel method for evaluating cytotoxicity, which involves the detection and quantification of dead target cells using flowcytometry. CFSE (carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester) was used as a dye to specifically stain and thereby label the target cell population, allowing living and dead cells, as well as both target and effector cells, to be quantitatively distinguished. Furthermore, with our new approach, ADCC activity was more reproducibly, sensitively, and specifically detectable, not only in freshly isolated but also in frozen human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), than with the calcein-AM release assay. This assay, validated herein, is expected to become a standard assay for evaluating ADCC activity which will ultimately contribute the clinical development of ADCC dependent-antibody therapies.
The Hematopoietic Development of Dendritic Cells: A Distinct Pathway for Myeloid Differentiation (1996)

Dendritic cells (DC) are leukocytes that are specialized to capture antigens and initiate T cell-mediated immune responses. Because DC can prime animals in the absence of any other adjuvant, they have been termed 'nature's adjuvant'. DC express high levels of antigen presenting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products (HLA-DP, DQ, DR; HLA-A, B, C) as well as several accessory molecules (e.g., B7-1, B7-2, LFA-3, ICAM-1, ICAM-3, CD40) that mediate T cell binding and costimulation. This review outlines some of the ways in which DC are distinguished from two other myeloid lineages, macrophages and granulocytes. Recent data regarding DC development from class II MHC-negative precursors in the mouse, as well as unselected and selected CD34+ progenitors in human bone marrow and peripheral and cord blood, are reviewed. Additional pathways via post-colony-forming units, intermediate cell types have also become evident in suspension cultures where the cytokine milieu can alter terminal differentiation. The availability of larger numbers of DC is opening new avenues for immune therapy that use this physiologic adjuvant.
Teacher education in Turkey: issues and trends (2004)

Thi chapl<T dcsc-rill<'s c11rr<111 changes rcl.'c111ly insritulcd in teacher cd11ca-1io11 i 11 T11rkcy ,111cl a11.1ly1.<'s1lw lo11g-:;1a11di11g proble111s 1ha1 i11i1ia1cd the d1a11g<s.R.:,c111 i1 1p11ls from 1hc T11rkish I lighr-r falucati<m Council, .1id("dh)' a World B.111k loan, ,11 <' dnn111w11t<'<I, wi1h 1hdr dlcns 011 1he clrnnging :;it.-11a1iw1.Th<' chap1cr I lw11 1011sid<'r 1 lw rlevclop111e111s as 1 hey relate lo 01w 111:w pr,.,r,1111 i11 a 1111iv1'rsi1y in Ankara, and Ill<' cff<.'CI1his progra111 is having 011 s1'11nol and 1<,1dwr ccl11ca1in11 in '1'11rkcy.The qmtli1y of" mc111ori11g and ils dfi-c1 on 1lw 111<11tors.pin 1hc changed appr<>ach 10 grnd11atc s11ule111s in 1cachn 1rai11i11g a1c ron-;id<'rt'd./inr111d1 ()/1.l:rl11mlim1 i11 , \f1im, llu 1 C:m ihhmn, a11d lht> 1\,/iddlr F.(11/, pages 267-28 l ( :opyri g-hl@ 2001 hy l11forn,.11in11i\gt 1'11blishi11g ,\II righ1, of' r<'pn>d1w1in11 in"') ' lonn rrsnwd.267
Glucocorticoid exposure in late gestation permanently programs rat hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucocorticoid receptor expression and causes glucose intolerance in adult offspring. (1998)

Low birth weight in humans is predictive of insulin resistance and diabetes in adult life. The molecular mechanisms underlying this link are unknown but fetal exposure to excess glucocorticoids has been implicated. The fetus is normally protected from the higher maternal levels of glucocorticoids by feto-placental 11 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-2 (11 -HSD2) which inactivates glucocorticoids. We have shown previously that inhibiting 11 -HSD2 throughout pregnancy in rats reduces birth weight and causes hyperglycemia in the adult offspring. We now show that dexamethasone (a poor substrate for 11 -HSD2) administered to pregnant rats selectively in the last week of pregnancy reduces birth weight by 10% ( P 0.05), and produces adult fasting hyperglycemia (treated 5.3 0.3; control 4.3 0.2 mmol/ liter, P 0.04), reactive hyperglycemia (treated 8.7 0.4; control 7.5 0.2 mmol/liter, P 0.03), and hyperinsulinemia (treated 6.1 0.4; control 3.8 0.5 ng/ml, P 0.01) on oral glucose loading. In the adult offspring of rats exposed to dexamethasone in late pregnancy, hepatic expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA (and activity) are increased by 25% ( P 0.01) and 60% ( P 0.01), respectively, while other liver enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase, glucokinase, and 11 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1) are unaltered. In contrast dexamethasone, when given in the first or second week of gestation, has no effect on offspring insulin/glucose responses or hepatic PEPCK and GR expression. The increased hepatic GR expression may be crucial, since rats exposed to dexamethasone in utero showed potentiated glucose responses to exogenous corticosterone. These observations suggest that excessive glucocorticoid exposure late in pregnancy predisposes the offspring to glucose intolerance in adulthood. Programmed hepatic PEPCK overexpression, perhaps mediated by increased GR, may promote this process by increasing gluconeogenesis. ( J. Clin. Invest.
Two Alternative Hardware Implementations for the M-ary Modular Exponentiation Pre-Processing (2006)

In this paper, we propose two hardware implementations for computing modular exponentiations using the m-ary method. The main difference between these two implementations resides in the pre-processing step. During this step, the first implementation pre-computes all powers while the second computes only those that are necessary. However, the first implementation requires less hardware area than the second. We compare these two implementations using the performance factor, which takes into account both space and time requirements
Synthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]3‐[1‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐(<i>S</i>)‐pyrrolidin‐2‐ylmethoxy]pyridine ([<sup>18</sup>F]NicFP): a potential <i>α</i>4<i>β</i>2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor radioligand for PET (2003)

Abstract Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are widely distributed throughout the human brain and are believed to play a role in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. In order to identify an effective PET radioligand for in vivo assessment of the α 4 β 2 subtype of nicotinic receptor, we synthesized [ 18 F]3‐[1‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐( S )‐pyrrolidin‐2‐ylmethoxy]pyridine (NicFP). The in vitro K D of NicFP was determined to be 1.1 nM, and the log P value obtained by HPLC analysis of the unlabelled standard was found to be 2.2. The radiosynthesis of [ 18 F]NicFP was carried out by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of anhydrous [ 18 F]fluoride and the corresponding mesylate precursor. After purification by HPLC, the radiochemical yield was determined to be 11.3±2.1% and the specific activity was 0.47±0.18 Ci/μmol (EOS, n = 3). The time of synthesis and purification was 99±2 min. The final product was prepared as a sterile saline solution suitable for in vivo use. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Detection of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Carbapenemase Genes in Enterobacteriaceae Directly From Blood Culture Bottles by Real-Time PCR (2012)

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are endemic in New York City hospitals and have been associated with serious infections globally. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to detect carbapenem resistance attributable to KPC from blood culture bottles positive for gram-negative bacilli. Culture confirmation of carbapenemase production included automated imipenem and meropenem susceptibility testing and ertapenem susceptibility testing by disk-diffusion. A total of 323 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were tested, of which 8.7% (n = 28) demonstrated carbapenem-resistance by automated and manual susceptibility testing methods or by RT-PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the RT-PCR assay when compared with the automated method were 92.9%, 99.3%, 92.9%, and 99.3%, respectively, and 96.4%, 99.7%, 96.4%, and 99.7%, respectively, when compared with the ertapenem disk-diffusion method. RT-PCR is a rapid and reliable means of detecting carbapenem resistance due to KPC-plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae directly from blood culture bottles.
Enzyme immunoassay of cortisol by chemiluminescence reaction of luminol-peroxidase (1977)

ペルオキシダーゼ活性の測定に過酸化水素-ルミノールを基質とするペルオキシダーゼによる発光反応を用いる方法を検討した.極微弱な発光は光電子計数装置を用い測定した.ベルオキシダーゼ(0.625×10-4～125×10-4)U/mlで発光強度(CPS)の対数と活性値の対数の間に良好な直線関係が得られた.本法に基づくペルオキシダーゼを標識酵素とする高感度のコルチゾールの酵素イムノアッセイ法を確立した.BとFの分離について二重抗体法と不溶化抗体法を検討した。後者のほうが前者より優れていた.不溶化抗体法による定量では,コルチゾール量(0.02～1.0)ngの範囲で良好な検量線が得られた.本法の感度はラジオイムノアッセイ法と同程度であった.
Hypothesis for a serine proteinase-like domain at the COOH terminus of Slowpoke calcium-activated potassium channels. (1996)

Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) is a 58-residue protein with three disulfide bonds that belongs to the Kunitz family of serine proteinase inhibitors. BPTI is an extremely potent inhibitor of trypsin, but it also specifically binds to various active and inactive serine proteinase homologs with KD values that range over eight orders of magnitude. We previously described an interaction of BPTI at an intracellular site that results in the production of discrete subconductance events in large conductance Ca2+ activated K+ channels (Moss, G.W.J., and E. Moczydlowski. 1996, J. Gen. Physiol, 107:47-68). In this paper, we summarize a variety of accumulated evidence which suggests that BPTI binds to a site on the KCa channel protein that structurally resembles a serine proteinase. One line of evidence includes the finding that the complex of BPTI and trypsin, in which the inhibitory loop of BPTI is masked by interaction with trypsin, is completely ineffective in the production of substate events in the KCa channel. To further investigate this notion, we performed a sequence analysis of the alpha-subunit of cloned slowpoke KCa channels from Drosophila and mammals. This analysis suggests that a region of approximately 250 residues near the COOH terminus of the KCa channel is homologous to members of the serine proteinase family, but is catalytically inactive because of various substitutions of key catalytic residues. The sequence analysis also predicts the location of a Ca(2+)-binding loop that is found in many serine proteinase enzymes. We hypothesize that this COOH-terminal domain of the slowpoke KCa channel adopts the characteristic double-barrel fold of serine proteinases, is involved in Ca(2+)-activation of the channel, and may also bind other intracellular components that regulate KCa channel activity.
Near-field excitation of nanoantenna resonance (2007)

An array of paired elliptic nanoparticles designed to enhance local fields around the particle pair is fabricated with gold embedded in quartz. Light excites a coupled plasmon resonance in the particle pair and the system acts like a plasmonic nanoantenna providing an enhanced electromagnetic field. Near-field scanning optical microscopy and finite element modeling are used to study the local field effects of the nanoantenna system. Local illumination shows similar resonant properties as plane wave illumination: a strong, localized optical resonance for light polarized parallel to the main, center-to-center axis.
Accessibility Stable Analysis Pattern (Stable Pattern for Model Based Software Reuse) (2015)

The Accessibility Stable Analysis Pattern intends to describe the core knowledge behind the concept of Accessibility. Accessibility finds an extensive range of usages in various applications. The pattern also gives an excellent start to software developers, by defining the core knowledge of any accessibility problem. Any developer can build on, extend or reuse the pattern to model any specific application by involving the factor of Accessibility.
Lignans 7‐hydroxymatairesinol and 7‐hydroxymatairesinol 2 exhibit anti‐inflammatory activity in human aortic endothelial cells (2013)

Our results demonstrated that the lignans HMR and HMR2, dominant in cereals such as in wheat, triticale, oat, barley, millet, corn bran, and in amaranth whole grain, exhibit strong anti-inflammatory properties in endothelial cells, at least in part, through attenuation of nuclear factor-κB and extracellular signal regulated kinase phosphorylation.
Axial Oxygen-Centered Lattice Instabilities and High-Temperature Superconductivity (1990)

Copper K-edge x-ray absorption data indicate that an axial oxygen-centered lattice instability accompanying the 93 K superconducting transition in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) is of a pseudo-(anti)ferroelectric type, in that it appears to involve the softening of a double potential well into a structure in which the difference between the two copper-oxygen distances and the barrier height have both decreased. This softer structure is present only at temperatures within a fluctuation region around the transition. A similar process involving the analogous axial oxygen atom also accompanies the superconducting transition in T1Ba(2)Ca(3)Cu(4)O(11), where the superconducting transition temperature T(c) is ~120 K. The mean square relative displacement of this oxygen atom in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) is also specifically affected by a reduction in the oxygen content and by the substitution of cobalt for copper, providing further evidence for the sensitivity of the displacement to additional factors that also influence the superconductivity. On the basis of the implied coupling of this ionic motion to the superconductivity, a scenario for high-temperature superconductivity is presented in which both phonon and electronic (charge transfer) channels are synergistically involved.
Production of beta-lactam antibiotics and its regulation. (1991)

The discovery of penicillin was announced over 60 years ago. It was the first beta-lactam antibiotic and the importance of this group is greater today than it has ever been. It is clear that even at 60 years of age, beta-lactams are going strong and no one contemplates their early retirement. Currently, sales of beta-lactam compounds form the largest share by far of the world's antibiotic market. The beta-lactam antibiotics include penicillins such as penicillin G, penicillin V, ampicillin, cloxacillin, and piperacillin; cephalosporins such as cephalothin, cephaloridine, cephalexin, and cefaclor; and cephamycins such as cefoxitin. In addition, beta-lactam antibiotics include the more recently developed nonclassical structures such as monobactams, including aztreonam; clavulanic acid, which is a component of the combination drug augmentin; and thienamycin, which is chemically transformed into imipenem, a component of the combination drug known as primaxin (or tienam). The classical beta-lactam antibiotics can be divided into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fermentation products. The hydrophobic members, e.g. benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V), contain non-polar side chains, e.g. phenylacetate and phenoxyacetate, respectively, and are made only by filamentous fungi; the best known of these is Penicillium chrysogenum. The antibacterial spectrum of the hydrophobic penicillins is essentially Gram-positive. The hydrophilic types are penicillin N, cephalosporins and 7-alpha-methoxycephalosporins (cephamycins) which are made by fungi, actinomycetes and unicellular bacteria. They all contain the polar side chain, D-alpha-aminoadipate. We can draw a sequence of reactions which describes the biosynthesis of all penicillins and cephalosporins, however the total sequence exists in no one microorganism. All penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthetic pathways possess the first three steps in common and all cephalosporin pathways go through deacetylcephalosporin C. However, there are many subsequent biosynthetic reactions which vary in the different producing organisms. Production of beta-lactam antibiotics occurs best under conditions of nutrient imbalance and at low growth rates. Nutrient imbalance can be brought about by limitation of the carbon, nitrogen or phosphorus source. In addition to these factors, amino acids such as lysine and methionine exert marked effects on production of penicillins and/or cephalosporins by some microorganisms. Induction of some of the synthetases, especially the first enzyme, ACV synthetase, by methionine is the basis of the methionine stimulation of cephalosporin C synthesis in C. acremonium. Inhibition of homocitrate synthase is the mechanism involved in lysine inhibition of penicillin synthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Evidence for High Tc Superconducting Transitions in Isolated Al45- and Al47- Nanoclusters (2008)

Heat capacities measured for Al45- and Al47- nanoclusters have reproducible jumps at ~ 200 K. These jumps are consistent with theoretical predictions that some clusters with highly degenerate electronic states near the Fermi level will undergo a transition into a high Tc superconducting state. An analysis based on a theoretical treatment of pairing in Al45- and Al47- agrees well with the experimental data in both the value of the critical temperature and in the size and width of the jumps in the heat capacity.
Design study of an air pump and integral lift engine ALF-504 using the Lycoming 502 core (1972)

Design studies were conducted for an integral lift fan engine utilizing the Lycoming 502 fan core with the final MQT power turbine. The fan is designed for a 12.5 bypass ratio and 1.25:1 pressure ratio, and provides supercharging for the core. Maximum sea level static thrust is 8370 pounds with a specific fuel consumption of 0.302 lb/hr-lb. The dry engine weight without starter is 1419 pounds including full-length duct and sound-attenuating rings. The engine envelope including duct treatment but not localized accessory protrusion is 53.25 inches in diameter and 59.2 inches long from exhaust nozzle exit to fan inlet flange. Detailed analyses include fan aerodynamics, fan and reduction gear mechanical design, fan dynamic analysis, engine noise analysis, engine performance, and weight analysis.
The complexity of many faces in arrangements of lines of segments (1988)

We show that the total number of edges of m faces of an arrangement of n lines in the plane is Ο(m2/3-δ n2/3+2δ + n), for any δ > 0. The proof takes an algorithmic approach, that is, we describe an algorithm for the calculation of these m faces and derive the upper bound from the analysis of the algorithm. The algorithm uses randomization and, with high probability, its time complexity is within a log2n factor of the above bound. If instead of lines we have an arrangement of n line segments, then the maximum number of edges of m faces is Ogr;(m2/3-δn2/3+2δ + nα(n)logm), for any δ > 0, where α(n) is the functional inverse of Ackermann's function. We give a (randomized) algorithm that produces these faces and, with high probability, takes time that is within a log2n factor of the combinatorial bound.
Novel method for stride length estimation with body area network accelerometers (2011)

Gait analysis using wireless accelerometers deployed as body area networks can provide valuable information for multiple health-related applications. Within this field, stride length estimation represents a difficult task. In this paper we present a novel method to estimate stride length through the application of the wavelet transform to the signal obtained from a wireless accelerometer on the waist. We also introduce a novel metric to determine the level of the wavelet transform detail coefficients from which the step frequency can be directly extracted. Additionally, we show the correlation between the energy of the wavelet transform approximation coefficients and the speed of the gait.
Therapeutic effect of exosomes from indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase–positive dendritic cells in collagen‐induced arthritis and delayed‐type hypersensitivity disease models (2009)

These results demonstrate that both IDO-expressing DCs and DC-derived exosomes are immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory, and are able to reverse established arthritis. Therefore, exosomes from IDO-positive DCs may represent a novel therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION IN SLURRY TRENCHES (1975)

This article reviews briefly the use of slurries in foundation construction and civil engineering works. The following four types of walls or ground support systems are described: underground structural walls; prefab diaphragm walls; trench cutoff walls; and bored pile walls. These walls are used for underpinning, where retaining walls are needed in deep excavations, for seepage and groundwater control, as load bearing elements in deep foundations, and where it is desired to minimize ground movement.
Pattern of action of Bacillus stearothermophilus neopullulanase on pullulan (1989)

The action of neopullulanase from Bacillus stearothermophilus on many oligosaccharides was tested. The enzyme hydrolyzed not only alpha-(1----4)-glucosidic linkages but also specific alpha-(1----6)-glucosidic linkages of several branched oligosaccharides. When pullulan was used as a substrate, panose, maltose, and glucose, in that order, were produced as final products at a final molar ratio of 3:1:1. According to these results, we proposed a model for the pattern of action of neopullulanase on pullulan as follows. In the first step, the enzyme hydrolyzes only alpha-(1----4)-glucosidic linkages on the nonreducing side of alpha-(1----6) linkages of pullulan and produces panose and several intermediate products composed of some panose units. In the second step, taking 6(2)-O-alpha-(6(3)-O-alpha-glucosyl-maltotriosyl)-maltose as an example of one of the intermediate products, the enzyme hydrolyzes either alpha-(1----4) (the same position as that described above) or alpha-(1----6) linkages and produces panose or 6(3)-O-alpha-glucosyl-maltotriose plus maltose, respectively. In the third step, the alpha-(1----4) linkage of 6(3)-O-alpha-glucosyl-maltotriose is hydrolyzed by the enzyme, and glucose and another panose are produced. To confirm the model of the pattern of action, we extracted intermediate products produced from pullulan by neopullulanase and analyzed the structures by glucoamylase, pullulanase, and neopullulanase analyses. The experimental results supported the above-mentioned model of the pattern of action of neopullulanase on pullulan.