gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical Properties of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals and AC Field-Stabilization Effect (1988)

The relation between physical properties of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) and the AC field stabilization effect is described. The AC field-stabilization effect depends on a dielectric anisotropy Δε and a tilt angle θ. We introduced the parameter α defined by α=-Δε·sin 2 θ and experimentally clarified that the FLCs with a large value of the parameter α showed a large AC field-stabilization effect. This is confirmed by using a FLC mixture with a large value of α so that the alignment state reset by a DC electric field is completely maintained for a certain time by superposing a high-frequency AC electric field to the DC electric field, even if the polarity of the DC electric field changes.
Domain-specific Web site identification: the CROSSMARC focused Web crawler (2003)

This paper presents techniques for identifying domain specific Web sites that have been implemented as part of the EC-funded R&amp;D project, CROSSMARC. The project aims to develop technology for extracting interesting information from domain-specific Web pages. It is therefore important for CROSSMARC to identify Web sites in which interesting domain specific pages reside (focused Web crawling). This is the role of the CROSSMARC Web crawler. 1.
Volume gratings for holographic storage applications written in high-quality germanosilicate glass (1995)

Volume holographic gratings are written with ultraviolet light in high-optical-quality, commercially available Ge-doped silica films and in Ge-doped optical-fiber preform sections loaded with molecular hydrogen. In the film samples, peak refractive-index changes exceeding 10(-2) and a sensitivity (index change/absorbed energy density) of 0.4 × 10(-7) cm(3)/J are measured. Angular multiplexing of up to 51 gratings is demonstrated in the preform samples.
Dual Leucine Zipper Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Neurodegeneration (2018)

Dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK, MAP3K12) is an essential driver of the neuronal stress response that regulates neurodegeneration in models of acute neuronal injury and chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS. In this review, we provide an overview of DLK signaling mechanisms and describe selected small molecules that have been utilized to inhibit DLK kinase activity in vivo. These compounds represent valuable tools for understanding the role of DLK signaling and evaluating the potential for DLK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to prevent neuronal degeneration.
Quantum Theory of Electrical Transport Phenomena. II (1958)

In a previous paper we have developed a theory of electrical transport phenomena for a simple quantum-mechanical model. That treatment was based on an expansion in powers of the strength of the scattering mechanism. In the present paper we consider the same model, but obtain the transport equation in powers of the density of scatterers without restricting ourselves to weak scattering potentials. The expansion involves scattering operators for single centers, pairs of centers, etc., in a manner in many ways analogous to the virial expansion of equilibrium properties. The lowest order terms yield the usual Boltzmann equation. The first correction, in density, to this equation is explicitly given. For the case of spherically symmetric scatterers the solutions of these equations are also obtained.
Resilin and chitinous cuticle form a composite structure for energy storage in jumping by froghopper insects (2008)

Calculations showed that the resilin itself could only store 1% to 2% of the energy required for jumping. The stiffer cuticular parts of the pleural arches could, however, easily meet all the energy storage needs. The composite structure therefore, combines the stiffness of the chitinous cuticle with the elasticity of resilin. Muscle contractions bend the chitinous cuticle with little deformation and therefore, store the energy needed for jumping, while the resilin rapidly returns its stored energy and thus restores the body to its original shape after a jump and allows repeated jumping.
Multi-Armed Bandits for Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2013)

We present an approach to Intelligent Tutoring Systems which adaptively personalizes sequences of learning activities to maximize skills acquired by students, taking into account the limited time and motivational resources. At a given point in time, the system proposes to the students the activity which makes them progress faster. We introduce two algorithms that rely on the empirical estimation of the learning progress, RiARiT that uses information about the difficulty of each exercise and ZPDES that uses much less knowledge about the problem. The system is based on the combination of three approaches. First, it leverages recent models of intrinsically motivated learning by transposing them to active teaching, relying on empirical estimation of learning progress provided by specific activities to particular students. Second, it uses state-of-the-art Multi-Arm Bandit (MAB) techniques to efficiently manage the exploration/exploitation challenge of this optimization process. Third, it leverages expert knowledge to constrain and bootstrap initial exploration of the MAB, while requiring only coarse guidance information of the expert and allowing the system to deal with didactic gaps in its knowledge. The system is evaluated in a scenario where 7-8 year old schoolchildren learn how to decompose numbers while manipulating money. Systematic experiments are presented with simulated students, followed by results of a user study across a population of 400 school children.
Stimulus-responsive liquids for encapsulation storage and controlled release of drugs from nano-shell capsules (2010)

Drug-delivery systems with a unique capability to respond to a given stimulus can improve therapeutic efficacy. However, development of such systems is currently heavily reliant on responsive polymeric materials and pursuing this singular strategy limits the potential for clinical translation. In this report, with a model system used for drug-release studies, we demonstrate a new strategy: how a temperature-responsive non-toxic, volatile liquid can be encapsulated and stored under ambient conditions and subsequently programmed for controlled drug release without relying on a smart polymer. When the stimulus temperature is reached, controlled encapsulation of different amounts of dye in the capsules is achieved and facilitates subsequent sustained release. With different ratios of the liquid (perfluorohexane): dye in the capsules, enhanced controlled release with real-time response is provided. Hence, our findings offer great potential for drug-delivery applications and provide new generic insights into the development of stimuli drug-release systems.
Fequency of antibodies to the cholesterol transport protein apolipoprotein A1 in patients with SLE (1998)

In examining reasons for premature atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we previously reported low levels of the cholesterol transport protein apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) in these patients, and specific antibodies to purified apoA1 were identified in the sera of 5 out of 30 lupus patients. The current study was initiated to determine whether these antibodies are common in lupus patients. 520 serum samples from 175 patients with SLE or primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) were tested for antibodies to purified apoA1. Positive sera were retested for binding to apolipoprotein incorporated into reconstructed nascent or mature high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Autoantibodies to apoA1 were found in 32.5% of patients with SLE and 22.9% of patients with PAPS, associated with the presence of aPL (anti-beta2 glycoprotein-1, anti-beta2 GP1) antibodies. When reconstructed, nascent and mature HDL molecules were compared as antigen-containing environments, positive sera reacted best to apoA1 embedded in mature HDL molecules. This report confirms the high prevalence of antibodies to apoA1 in patients with systemic lupus and suggests a high affinity of these antibodies for mature HDL.
Hindi and Avadhi Notes (1923)

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Characterization of the plasmid from Escherichia coli RDEC-1 that mediates expression of adhesin AF/R1 and evidence that AF/R1 pili promote but are not essential for enteropathogenic disease (1988)

RDEC-1, an Escherichia coli strain that adheres to rabbit mucosa and causes an attaching, effacing lesion, expresses the pilus adhesin AF/R1 which determines in vitro attachment to rabbit intestinal brush borders. In order to determine the role of AF/R1 pili in the pathogenesis of enteropathogenic diarrhea in rabbits, we localized the genes for AF/R1 expression, constructed an AF/R1- strain, and compared the virulence of the AF/R1+ and AF/R1- strains with particular attention to the development of attaching, effacing lesions. We introduced Tn5 into the 86-megadalton (MDa) conjugative plasmid known to mediate expression of AF/R1 pili and transferred the derivative plasmids into laboratory strain HB101. Transconjugant M5 was found to contain the 86-MDa plasmid from RDEC-1 and to express AF/R1 pili. Pilus expression on M5 was confirmed by reaction with antiserum raised against purified AF/R1 pili and allowed the bacteria to adhere to the rabbit ileum in an in vitro assay. Three Tn5 insertions in the 86-MDa plasmid were obtained which resulted in loss of AF/R1 expression. Part of the plasmid was mapped, including a region necessary for AF/R1 pilus expression. AF/R1- mutant strain M34 was constructed, and its pathogenesis was investigated. M34 produced disease in rabbits but was less virulent than the parent. The characteristic effacing lesions of RDEC-1 and enteropathogenic E. coli developed in the intestine of rabbits infected with either M34 or RDEC-1, although with M34 they were much less frequent and did not involve the small bowel. We conclude that AF/R1 pilus expression is not essential for the attaching, effacing lesion but serves as an accessory virulence factor which promotes an initial interaction of RDEC-1 with normal epithelial cells.
Pathway to carrageenan-induced inflammation in the hind limb of the rat. (1987)

A sequential 43-step pathway scheme for the inflammatory response of the rat to interdermal injection of carrageenan (C) was devised. It consisted of a nonphagocytic inflammatory response (NPIR) followed by a phagocytic inflammatory response (PIR) in the dermis and an epidermal NPIR. The dermal NPIR comprised edema, hyperemia, and hyperalgesia followed by hypoalgesia. Antiserotonin agents inhibited the hypoalgesia and part of the edema. These findings and histological observations suggested that dermal mast cells were injured by C. The hyperalgesia and part of the edema were sensitive to arachidonate cyclooxygenase inhibitors (AACOIs). It is speculated that injured mast cells metabolize arachidonic acid and reactive intermediates, not prostaglandins, mediate the NPIR hyperalgesia and part of the edema. The dermal PIR consisted of mobilization of neutrophils, edema, hyperalgesia, mobilization of monocytes, and proliferation of fibroblasts and vascular tissue. Selective drug actions revealed that the edema, hyperalgesia, and monocyte mobilization of the PIR depended on the mobilization of neutrophils. After the mobilization of neutrophils, AACOIs reduced edema formation and hyperalgesia. Arachidonic acid metabolism by neutrophils is speculated to produce the mediators of phagocytic inflammatory (PI) edema and hyperalgesia. Monocyte function was associated with cessation of PI edema formation and phagocytosis of neutrophils and cellular debris. Interleukin 1 is speculated to mediate the adherence of neutrophils to injured dermal endothelium. The epidermal NPIR consisted of edema, hyperplasia, and hyperkeratosis. These parameters were not studied mechanistically. There was no evidence for histamine, bradykinin, platelets, clotting factors, or complement mediating any events in the pathway.
Progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. Biochemical characterization of purified oviduct progesterone receptor B subunit. (1977)

A number of physical and chemical properties of pure hen oviduct progesterone receptor B subunit have been determined. The molecule consists of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 115,000 g/mol as determined by gel filtration in the presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride and by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The labeled subunit has retained the biologically important properties which it displayed in cruder preparations: it binds to nuclei (Kd = 1 X 10(-9) M) and chromatin (Kd = 1.5 X 10(-9) M) but does not bind to DNA. Reaction of the purified subunit with dansyl (5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) chloride revealed a single NH2-terminal lysine. The amino acid composition has been determined and has been shown to be distinct from that of other steroid-binding proteins and consistent with the known properties of the molecule. In addition, no evidence for carbohydrate or phosphorylated amino acids was observed. The protein contains about 12% alpha helix as determined by circular dichroism. The ultraviolet spectrum of intact steroid receptor complexes revealed that the purified subunit had no pyridine nucleotide cofactor or nucleic acid, and that each receptor molecule contains a single hormone binding site. Electron microscopic analysis confirms the prolate-ellipsoid shape of the protein, with a long axis of 114 A. The purified protein isolated as described in a companion paper is shown here to have the characteristics of the crude receptor subunit B. Due to the apparent role in the hormone response, this protein has been named progestophilin B.
Klotho expression is reduced in COPD airway epithelial cells: effects on inflammation and oxidant injury (2015)

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is associated with sustained inflammation, excessive injury, and accelerated lung aging. Human Klotho (KL) is an anti-aging protein that protects cells against inflammation and damage. In the present study, we quantified KL expression in the lungs of COPD patients and in an ozone-induced mouse model of COPD, and investigated the mechanisms that control KL expression and function in the airways. KL distribution and levels in human and mouse airways were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The effect of CSE (cigarette smoke extract) on KL expression was detected in human bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, the effect of KL on CSE-mediated inflammation and hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular injury/apoptosis was determined using siRNAs. KL expression was decreased in the lungs of smokers and further reduced in patients with COPD. Similarly, 6 weeks of exposure to ozone decreased KL levels in airway epithelial cells. CSE and TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) decreased KL expression and release from airway epithelial cells, which was associated with enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, KL depletion increased cell sensitivity to cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and oxidative stress-induced cell damage. These effects involved the NF-κB (nuclear factor κB), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathways. Reduced KL expression in COPD airway epithelial cells was associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms associated with the accelerated lung aging in COPD development.
Limits to Globalisation and the Loss of Faith (2018)

Thec ontemporary rise of populism may be explained as ap roducto ft he processo f globalisation against which it reacts.For globalisation rests uponafaith in the future,and limits to globalisation necessitate achange in faith. It is proposed that the nature of this faith in the future can be illuminated by the dynamicsofacredit crisis,such as the Great FinancialCrisis of 2007-8. Accordingtonew economictheory,economic growth is driven by the rate of credit creation, and economic downturns result from afailure in mutual confidence.T herea re both mathematicala nd external limitstoe conomic growth. The first result of approaching such limits is an attempt to retainonesshare of resources with the rise of populism.Asubsequent result may well be ar eturn to religioni nc urrently secular countries.
A Novel Approach to Reversed-Phase Preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Peptides (1988)

Abstract In this study, we describe a novel approach to preparative liquid chromatography which takes advantage of the different relative hydrophobicities of components of a sample mixture, so that when a column is optimally loaded with an aqueous solution of the sample mixture, there is competition among the sample components for the adsorption sites on the hydrophobic stationary phase. The more hydrophobic components compete more successfully for these sites than more hydrophilic components, which are displaced and immediately eluted from the column. Thus, the major separation takes place in water. Subsequent treatment with an aqueous organic modifier is only required to wash retained components off the column and takes no part in the major separation process. This approach was applied to the preparative purification of mixtures of closely-related peptides, representing the crude peptide mixtures typically obtained from solid-phase peptide synthesis. The excellent separation profiles and high yields of pure peptide products on analytical columns reported in this study demonstrate that this methodology has great potential for preparative separation of a major component from hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic impurities.
M1 and M2 macrophages derived from THP-1 cells differentially modulate the response of cancer cells to etoposide (2015)

These results evidence for the first time a clear protective effect of M2 on the contrary to M1 macrophages on etoposide-induced cancer cell apoptosis.
Frequency tracking performance of adaptive lattice filters (2002)

Adaptive linear prediction filters have been proposed for the detection of narrowband signals in nonstationary noise and for the removal of narrowband interference from spread spectrum communications signals. In the present work, analytical results and computer models for the PARCOR coefficients, signal recovery error, and output misadjustment of the stochastic gradient adaptive lattice filter are obtained for a complex linear chirp FM signal in white Gaussian noise. From these expressions an optimal adaptation rate is obtained as a function of the filter order and the chirp rate. These results indicate that short filter lengths are sufficient for tracking chirp signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ten Channel Interferometer for Endoscopic Parallel Optical Coherence Tomography (2005)

Parallel OCT uses an interferometer array to improve the acquisition speed of conventional OCT systems. The implementation of a linear, high-density (15 μm center to center) SMF array for an endoscope probe is described.
Nuclear structure theory (1970)

In his Jubilee article on nuclear structure ProfJC Willmott posed a number of questions. While these have not all been answered in the two years since that article was written, we are now in possession of new experimental data and improved theoretical interpretations which allow us some insight into the form these answers may take.
Non-Doppler shift related experimental shock wave measurements using velocity interferometer systems for any reflector (2001)

Velocity interferometer system for any reflectors (VISARs), are becoming increasingly popular in the measurement of shock waves in solids and liquids. VISAR techniques are used in measurements of transit time, speed of shock waves in flight in transparent media [L. C. Chhabildas and J. L. Wise, in Proceedings of the 4th APS Topical Conference on Shock Waves in Condensed Matter, Spokane, Washington, 1985, edited by Y. M. Gupta (Plenum, New York, 1986); P. M. Celliers et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 1320 (1998)], and in measurements of particle velocity. However, in cases where shock compression or release may change the index of refraction n+ik of the material being studied, the VISAR technique must be applied with care. Changes in n and k introduce phase shifts into the VISAR results that are not associated with changes in velocity. This paper presents a derivation of the theoretical output of a line VISAR that includes the effects of changing n and k and an experimental observation of a non-Doppler shift related effect.
Association of a high‐molecular weight arginine‐binding protein of <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> ATCC 10953 with adhesion to secretory immunoglobulin A and coaggregation with <i>Streptococcus cristatus</i> (2007)

Coaggregation represents a novel function within the autotransporter class of proteins, which are often associated with virulence.
Interactive example-based urban layout synthesis (2008)

We present an interactive system for synthesizing urban layouts by example. Our method simultaneously performs both a structure-based synthesis and an image-based synthesis to generate a complete urban layout with a plausible street network and with aerial-view imagery. Our approach uses the structure and image data of real-world urban areas and a synthesis algorithm to provide several high-level operations to easily and interactively generate complex layouts by example. The user can create new urban layouts by a sequence of operations such as join, expand, and blend without being concerned about low-level structural details. Further, the ability to blend example urban layout fragments provides a powerful way to generate new synthetic content. We demonstrate our system by creating urban layouts using example fragments from several real-world cities, each ranging from hundreds to thousands of city blocks and parcels.
Magnetic and Electric Phase Control in Epitaxial<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>EuTiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>from First Principles (2006)

We propose a design strategy--based on the coupling of spins, optical phonons, and strain--for systems in which magnetic (electric) phase control can be achieved by an applied electric (magnetic) field. Using first-principles density-functional theory calculations, we present a realization of this strategy for the magnetic perovskite EuTiO(3).
Pharmacological Studies of a New Oral Hypoglycemic Drug (1957)

SummaryN'-beta-phenethylformamidiny-liminourea (DBI), a synthetic substance, administered parenterally or orally, causes hypoglycemia in guinea-pigs, rats, rabbits, cats and Rhesus monkeys. It can also reduce blood sugar in alloxan-diabetic rats, rabbits and monkeys and maintain them at a normal level. DBI does not cause significant changes in glycogen content of liver or muscle. Further work will be necessary to elucidate its mechanism of action and assess its possible clinical usefulness.