gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Measurement of thermal gradient in solutions generated by laser illumination</title> (1998)

When a solution is irradiated by light, a part of that light is transmitted, the other part is absorbed and usually changed into heat energy. If the solution is fluorescent then a part of the absorbed light energy is emitted as fluorescence. The absorbed heat energy results in the change of the refractive index of the solution. If a laser beam with Gaussian spatial distribution is used for irradiation then the formation of the so called thermal lens can be observed. The thermal gradient caused by the laser beam can be calculated by measuring the focal length of the thermal lens. The effectiveness of the Moire technique and the thermal lens method were examined. The results show both methods to have about the same sensitivity, but the thermal lens method was found to be much easier to evaluate. Numerous solutions were examined. Some of them were investigated at their anti-Stokes fluorescence region to examine the possibility of cooling down a solution by means of a laser beam.
A Clustering Algorithm Based on Rough Set and Genetic Algorithm (2013)

With the development of computer and information technology, the capacity of data and information is increasing. The processing of data and information becomes the hot issue in the current scientific community. Rough set and genetic algorithm are two data mining and processing technologies which had been commonly used. Rough set can process data quickly and the algorithm is simple. The convergence of genetic algorithm is fast and the robustness is good. This paper puts forward the effective clustering algorithm based on  the combined control of rough set and genetic algorithm, then does simulation experiment of segmentation images by  numerical simulation based on matlab programming, finally gets  the curve of calculation process and the effect diagram of image segmentation , verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i10.3407
Estimating vocal tract length by minimizing non-uniformity of cross-sectional area (2018)

Previous approaches to estimation of vocal tract length (VTL) differ in what information about the speaker is assumed to be known and which formants are treated as better predictors of VTL. However, they are alike in modeling formant frequencies as deviations from the resonances of a uniform tube, and in allocating equal credibility to all vowel spectra as predictors of length. The latter may be problematic, as phonotactic asymmetries in vowel quality in a data set can draw formants’ mean frequencies away from their underlying resonances, skewing VTL estimates. Herein, an additional parameter is proposed privileging vowel spectra that approximate the resonance characteristics of a uniform tube. The metric for this proximity is standard variance in Phi (SigmaPhi) across a vowel spectrum. In this study, formant data from 32 participants were analyzed using the estimators compared in Lammert & Narayanan (2015). Each estimator was run using frequencies from all vowel spectra, as well as from spectra with low values of SigmaPhi. As the threshold for maximum SigmaPhi was lowered, VTL estimates became tighter and the estimators typically converged on a length. This approach requires no labeling or identification of vowel type, and is therefore easily replicable across languages and speakers.
Decrease in thyroid adenoma associated (THADA) expression is a marker of dedifferentiation of thyroid tissue (2011)

The results suggest THADA being a marker of dedifferentiation of thyroid tissue.
Bioenergetics in clinical medicine-X. Survey of the adjunctive use of coenzyme Q with oral therapy in treating periodontal disease. (1977)

Introduction:\nAlthough the results already have been published (partially) by Frobenius in 1910 (see [5]), these are still not very known to mathematicians. I even could not find them in modern textbooks on matrix theory or linear algebra. These results and their proofs (see [1] , [2], [3]) are not very accessible for non-mathematicians. But they need the results. Applications can be found in system theory and in problems in mechanics concerning systems of differential equations. The aim of this paper is to give elementary proofs as well as a clear summary of the conditions. The basis of all proofs is the Jordan normal form. As we will see: every square matrix (real or complex) is a product of two symmetric (real resp. complex) matrices. However, not every complex square matrix is a product of two hermitian matrices.
An analysis of complex electromagnetic radiation signals induced by fracture (2003)

As shown at the Laboratory of Rock Mechanics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by propagating fractures provides relatively accurate information on the dimensions of the cracks emitting it. In this paper we demonstrate that this method (i.e. EMR analysis) can also be advantageously used for obtaining the exact time sequence of double or triple pulses when they appear simultaneously and, hence, the sequence of the relevant cracks. The method is first used to analyse the time sequence of a triple fracture during failure and for a double fracture in relaxation of a glass ceramic sample. The analysis is in good agreement with the actual fractography of the sample. A similar procedure applied to fracture of chalk enabled us to show that most large fractures are, in fact, double, and to find the specific time sequences involved.
Are amyloid‐degrading enzymes viable therapeutic targets in Alzheimer’s disease? (2011)

: The amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease envisages that the initial elevation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) levels, especially of Aβ(1-42) , is the primary trigger for the neuronal cell death specific to onset of Alzheimer's disease. There is now substantial evidence that brain amyloid levels are manipulable because of a dynamic equilibrium between their synthesis from the amyloid precursor protein and their removal by amyloid-degrading enzymes (ADEs) providing a potential therapeutic strategy. Since the initial reports over a decade ago that two zinc metallopeptidases, insulin-degrading enzyme and neprilysin (NEP), contributed to amyloid degradation in the brain, there is now an embarras de richesses in relation to this category of enzymes, which currently number almost 20. These now include serine and cysteine proteinases, as well as numerous zinc peptidases. The experimental validation for each of these enzymes, and which to target, varies enormously but up-regulation of several of them individually in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease has proved effective in amyloid and plaque clearance, as well as cognitive enhancement. The relative status of each of these enzymes will be critically evaluated. NEP and its homologues, as well as insulin-degrading enzyme, remain as principal ADEs and recently discovered mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of NEP expression potentially open new avenues in manipulation of AD-related genes, including ADEs.
Upconverting Lanthanide-Doped NaYF<sub>4</sub>−PMMA Polymer Composites Prepared by in Situ Polymerization (2009)

A general technique is presented for the generation of transparent oleic acid-coated nanoparticle (NP)/polymer composite materials via in situ polymerization in the presence of a poly(ethylene glycol)−monooleate ligand. Using this technique several transparent upconverting NaYF4 NP/PMMA bulk polymer composites with various emissions are synthesized.
Quantitative sensory testing: a comprehensive protocol for clinical trials (2005)

We have compiled a comprehensive QST protocol as part of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS) using well established tests for nearly all aspects of somatosensation. This protocol encompasses thermal as well as mechanical testing procedures. Our rationale was to test for patterns of sensory loss (small and large nerve fiber functions) or gain (hyperalgesia, allodynia, hyperpathia), and to assess both cutaneous and deep pain sensitivity. The practicality of the QST protocol was tested in 18 healthy subjects, 21-58 years, half of them female. All subjects were tested bilaterally over face, hand and foot. We determined thermal detection and pain thresholds including a test for the presence of paradoxical heat sensations, mechanical detection thresholds to von Frey filaments and a 64-Hz tuning fork, mechanical pain thresholds to pinprick stimuli and blunt pressure, stimulus-response-functions for pinprick and dynamic mechanical allodynia (pain to light touch), and pain summation (wind-up ratio) using repetitive pinprick stimulation. The full protocol took 27+/-2.3 min per test area. The majority of QST parameters were normally distributed only after logarithmic transformation (secondary normalization) except for the frequency of paradoxical heat sensations, cold and heat pain thresholds, and for vibration detection thresholds. Thresholds were usually lowest over face, followed by hand, and then foot. Only thermal pain thresholds, wind-up ratio and vibration detection thresholds were not significantly dependent on the body region. There was no significant right-to-left difference for any of the QST parameters; left-to-right correlation coefficients ranged between 0.78 and 0.97, thus explaining between 61% and 94% of the variance. This study has shown that a complete somatosensory profile of one affected area and one unaffected control area, which will be necessary to characterize patients with a variety of diseases, can be obtained within 1 h. Case examples of selected patients illustrate the value of z-transformed QST data for an easy survey of individual symptom profiles.
VLSI timing simulation with selective dynamic regionization (2002)

Accurate timing simulations are crucial to the design of MOS VLSI circuits, but can take prohibitively large amounts of time on a typical engineering workstation. This paper describes dynamic regionization techniques to an event-based simulator for MOS timing simulation that has proven to be more efficient than, and as accurate as, the static regionization method. The MOS network is first statically partitioned into groups of strongly coupled nodes called regions. Big regions are then incrementally and dynamically partitioned into and replaced by subregions. Subregions are treated just like normal regions in the event-based simulation process. This simulator has been used to verify the timing and functionality of several large VLSI chips. Performance is 2.5 to 7 times faster than a static regionization method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prevention of Suppressed Interferon Gamma Production in Thermally Injured Mice by Administration of a Novel Organogermanium Compound, Ge-132 (1984)

As reported previously, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production was selectively decreased in thermally injured mice (TI-Mice) and spleen cell cultures from the mice following stimulation with various IFN inducers. The decrease in IFN production was associated with splenic suppressor macrophages. The present study demonstrated that TI-Mice treated with Ge-132 (TGe-Mice) produced IFN following stimulation with IFN-gamma inducers. The level of IFN activity detected in the sera of TGe-Mice approximated that of controls. Similar results were obtained when spleen cells prepared from TGe-Mice were stimulated with IFN-gamma inducers in vitro. While transfer of spleen cells from TI-Mice resulted in the suppression of IFN production in normal mice (N-Mice) stimulated with IFN-gamma inducers, the transfer of spleen cells derived from TGe-Mice did not induce suppression of IFN production in N-Mice. Mononuclear cells (MNC) prepared from N-Mice produced IFN following concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation when they were co-cultured with macrophage-enriched populations (PAC) obtained from the spleens of TGe-Mice. In contrast, MNC stimulated with Con A did not produce IFN activity when they were co-cultured with PAC of TI-Mice. These results suggest that the generation of suppressor macrophages in TI-Mice may be altered by the administration of Ge-132.
5-HTTLPR Genotype-Specific Phenotype in Children and Adolescents With Autism (2006)

These findings provide initial support for genotype-specific phenotypes for 5-HTTLPR in autism based on ratings from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule.
The metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine <i>O</i>[35S]-sulphate in the rat (1971)

Research Article| May 01 1971 The metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine O[35S]-sulphate in the rat F A Rose; F A Rose Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar W S Bleszynski W S Bleszynski Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1971) 122 (4): 601–603. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1220601 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation F A Rose, W S Bleszynski; The metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine O[35S]-sulphate in the rat. Biochem J 1 May 1971; 122 (4): 601–603. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1220601 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 The Biochemical Society1971 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
MEMS-Assisted Cryptography for CPI Protection (2007)

The authors present a concept for an anti-tamper system that dynamically generates a cryptographic key derived from microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) arrays encapsulated within a protected system in a single package. The system provides protection in active and passive states with no battery backup.
DMAP as an Effective Catalyst To Accelerate the Solubilization of Waste Fiber‐Reinforced Plastics (2008)

Waste fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs), which are formidable composite plastics for chemical treatment, can be efficiently depolymerized by treatment with supercritical methanol in the presence of catalytic amounts of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), which is a well-known catalyst for the formation of esters and amides. This novel depolymerization reaction also provides ready separation of the depolymerized products into three components: methanol-soluble oil, CHCl3-soluble solid, and an inorganic residue. Thus, almost complete decomposition of FRP as well as useful separation of the decomposed products was achieved with the present method, and the latter were ready for chemical recycling. Investigation of the reaction profile revealed that the reaction rate increased as the amount of DMAP increased. Unfortunately, DMAP employed in the reaction could not be recovered because of its decomposition catalyzed by dimethyl phthalate, a depolymerized product from waste FRP, under the reaction conditions employed.
REVIEWS (1932)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Das Geschichtsbild des chronistischen Werkes, by GERHARD V. RAD. ( W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1930.) F. S. MARSH F. S. MARSH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume os-XXXIII, Issue 4, July 1932, Pages 444–446, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-XXXIII.4.444 Published: 01 July 1932
Verapamil Attenuated Prediabetic Neuropathy in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice through Inhibiting TXNIP-Mediated Apoptosis and Inflammation (2019)

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus. There is still a lack of an effective treatment to DN because of its complex pathogenesis. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor of thioredoxin, has been shown to be associated with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Herein, we aim to investigate the role of TXNIP in prediabetic neuropathy and therapeutic potential of verapamil which has been shown to inhibit TXNIP expression. The effects of mediating TXNIP on prediabetic neuropathy and its exact mechanism were performed using high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced diabetic mice and palmitate-treated neurons. Our results showed that TXNIP upregulation is associated with prediabetic neuropathy in HFD-fed mice. TXNIP knockdown improved DN in HFD-induced prediabetic mice. Mechanistically, increased TXNIP in dorsal root ganglion is transferred into the cytoplasm and shuttled to the mitochondria. In cytoplasm, TXNIP binding to TRX1 results in the increased oxidative stress and inflammation. In mitochondria, TXNIP binding to TRX2 induced mitochondria dysfunction and apoptosis. TXNIP isolated from TRX2 then shuttles to the cytoplasm and binds to NLRP3, resulting in further increased TXNIP-NLRP3 complex, which induced the release of IL-1<i>β</i> and the development of inflammation. Thus, apoptosis and inflammation of dorsal root ganglion neuron eventually cause neural dysfunction. In addition, we also showed that verapamil, a known inhibitor of calcium channels, improved prediabetic neuropathy in the HFD-fed mice by inhibiting the upregulation of TXNIP. Our finding suggests that TXNIP might be a potential target for the treatment of neuropathy in prediabetic patients with dyslipidemia.
Dynamically rule-programmable VLSI processor for fully-parallel inference (1992)

A dynamically rule-programmable fully-parallel inference accelerator VLSI is proposed for real-time rule-based systems with large databases. The direct multiple-valued encoding of each attribute value in rules and the threshold voltage programming of floating-gate MOS devices make a high-performance VLSI possible. The improvement of performance compared with the conventional binary implementation is demonstrated.
The electric variable transmission (2006)

First, an electromechanical converter with two mechanical ports and one electrical port (consisting of two concentric machines and two inverters) is considered. This converter works as a continuously variable transmission between the mechanical ports and may, e.g., replace the clutch, gearbox, generator, and starter motor in a motor vehicle. The working principle of this converter is explained. Next, a new converter, the electric variable transmission (EVT), is presented. This converter has similar properties, but is smaller and lighter. The EVT may be seen as built up from two concentric induction machines with a combined relatively thin yoke. Thus, we obtain one electromagnetic device instead of two magnetically separated devices. The working principle of the EVT is explained, and its losses are discussed
A direct digital synthesizer with an on-chip D/A-converter (1998)

A direct digital synthesizer (DDS) with an on-chip D/A converter is designed and processed in a 0.8 /spl mu/m BiCMOS. The on-chip D/A converter avoids delays and line loading caused by interchip connections. At the 150 MHz clock frequency, the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) is better than 60 dBc at low synthesized frequencies, decreasing to 52 dBc worst case at high synthesized frequencies in the output frequency band (0-75 MHz). The DDS covers a bandwidth from DC to 75 MHz in steps of 0.0349 Hz with the frequency switching speed of 140 ns. The chip has a complexity of 19100 transistors with a die/core area of 12.2/3.9 mm/sup 2/. The power dissipation is 0.6 W at 150 MHz at 5 V. The maximum operating clock frequency of the chip is 170 MHz.
Managing Pest Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Endotoxins: Constraints and Incentives to Implementation (1995)

Technological advances in combination with societal concerns over the potential for adverse health and environmental effects of chemical pesticides are operating to increase the use of Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins in crop protection. Accompanying this increased use will be an increase in the intensity of selection for endotoxin resistance in a number of important pest species. To preserve the value of B. thuringiensis endotoxins in crop protection, it will be necessary to implement resistance management measures. This article analyzes the roles of pest control crises, societal values, level of awareness about resistance and resistance management, political action, economic considerations, competing technologies and products, and the difficulty of assessing the success of resistance management as constraints and incentives for the implementation of resistance management by the B. thuringiensis industry and by end users of B. thuringiensis products. Based on this analysis and a consideration of the attributes of new technologies that favor their ready adoption, we concluded that individual farmers have limited incentive to adopt resistance management technologies for B. thuringiensis endotoxins, and that the greatest incentive lies with the B. thuringiensis industry. However, the implementation of a coordinated, industry-wide, B. thuringiensis resistance management effort is likely to be constrained by competition among segments of the B. thuringiensis industry vested in different technologies (sprays versus transgenic plants) and among producers of B. thuringiensis products using the same technology. It is further concluded that successful implementation of resistance management for B. thuringiensis endotoxins will likely require that the B. thuringiensis industry prepackage resistance management technologies with their products, and that these prepackaged resistance management strategies do not add significantly to the costs or complexity of pest control by the end user.
Evolution of conductive filament and its impact on reliability issues in oxide-electrolyte based resistive random access memory (2015)

The electrochemical metallization cell, also referred to as conductive bridge random access memory, is considered to be a promising candidate or complementary component to the traditional charge based memory. As such, it is receiving additional focus to accelerate the commercialization process. To create a successful mass product, reliability issues must first be rigorously solved. In-depth understanding of the failure behavior of the ECM is essential for performance optimization. Here, we reveal the degradation of high resistance state behaves as the majority cases of the endurance failure of the HfO2 electrolyte based ECM cell. High resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the change in filament nature after repetitive switching cycles. The result showed that Cu accumulation inside the filament played a dominant role in switching failure, which was further supported by measuring the retention of cycle dependent high resistance state and low resistance state. The clarified physical picture of filament evolution provides a basic understanding of the mechanisms of endurance and retention failure, and the relationship between them. Based on these results, applicable approaches for performance optimization can be implicatively developed, ranging from material tailoring to structure engineering and algorithm design.