gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stripline-Like Transmission Lines for Microwave Integrated Circuits (1990)

Elements of Microwave Integrated Circuits. Planar Transmission Lines-- Methods of Analysis. Analysis of Striplines and Stripline-Like Transmission Lines. Analysis of Coupled Striplines and Stripline-Like Transmission Lines. Design Data on Single Strip Conductor Stripline-Like Transmission Lines--Characteristic Impedance and Effective Dielectric Constant. Design Data on Edge-Coupled Stripline-Like Transmission Lines--Characteristic Impedances and Effective Dielectric Constants. Design Data on Broadside-Coupled Stripline-Like Transmission Lines--Characteristic Impedances and Effective Dielectric Constants. Design Data on Broadside-Edge Coupled Stripline-Like Transmission Lines and Some Special Structures. Hybrid-Mode Analysis and Dispersion Data on Stripline-Like Transmission Lines. Discontinuities in Stripline-Like Structures. Losses in Stripline-Like Transmission Lines. Circuit Design and Applications. References. Index.
Manganese Minerals in Clays: A Review (1980)

Abstract Vernadite (MnO 2 ·nH 2 O) is a mineral with a poorly ordered structure. Its synthetic analogue is designated δ -MnO 2 . Birnessite and vernadite are independent mineral species and cannot be described further under the same name. They have similar hexagonal unit-cell parameters, a 0 , but different c 0 parameters. Rancieite has a structure similar to that of birnessite. Calcium bearing, 14-Å birnessite occurring in nature was first described by the authors. In addition to the todorokite having the parameters a 0 = 9.75 Å, b 0 = 2.84 Å, and c 0 = 9.59 Å, other species of natural todorokite are known having a 0 parameters that are multiples of 4.88 Å equal to 14.6 and 24.40 Å, the b 0 and c 0 parameters being the same.
Deposition Gene Transfection Using Bioconjugates of DNA and Thermoresponsive Cationic Homopolymer (2012)

A poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) (PDMAEMA) homopolymer with both thermoresponsive and cationic characteristics was applied to a vector for use in deposition transfection. PDMAEMA with a molecular weight of 2.5 × 10(5) g mol(-1) was synthesized by photoinduced radical polymerization. Polyplexes approximately 750 nm in size were formed by mixing PDMAEMA with luciferase-encoding plasmid DNA. The polyplexes had a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of approximately 30 °C. In addition, they exhibited excellent adsorption and durability on a polystyrene surface, as confirmed by a surface chemical compositional analysis. When HeLa cells and primary cells were cultured on a substrate coated with the polyplexes, high transgene expression and cell viability of more than 90% were obtained at low charge ratios (PDMAEMA/plasmid DNA ratio) ranging from 2 to 8. In addition, transgene expression was sustained for over 2 weeks post-transfection whereas decreased expression was observed 5 days post-transfection when the conventional solution-mediated transfection method was used. Thus, high and sustained transgene expression as well as high cell viability can be realized by using small amounts of PDMAEMA as a deposition transfection material.
Spatial Two-Photon Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy for Controlling Molecular Transport in Microfluidic Structures (2002)

The increasing availability of microfluidic systems of various geometries and materials for the downscaling of chemical or biochemical processes raises a strong demand for adequate techniques to precisely determine flow parameters and to control fluid and particle manipulation. Of all readout parameters, fluorescence analysis of the fluid or suspended particles is particularly attractive, as it can be employed without mechanical interference and with a sensitivity high enough to detect single molecules in aqueous environments. In this study, we present the determination of flow parameters, such as velocity and direction, in microstructured channels by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), a method based on single molecule spectroscopy carried out in confocal optical setups. Different modes of FCS, such as auto- and dual-beam cross-correlation techniques by one- and two-photon excitation, are discussed. Known advantages of two-photon excitation, such as highly restricted detection volumes and low scattering background, are shown to be particularly valuable for measurements in tiny channel systems. Although conventional autocorrelation is sufficient for describing the velocity of single molecules, dual-beam cross-correlation allows the separation of isotropic and anisotropic dynamics, for example, to monitor flow directions or to discriminate against photophysical effects that could be mistaken for mobility parameters. It can be shown that time-gated two-photon excitation in the dual-beam mode significantly lowers the undesired cross-talk between the two measurement volumes. Finally, some applications, such as the calibration of microfluidic sorting units and flow profiling, are demonstrated.
Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments (2014)

Abstract Field‐assisted sintering technology/Spark plasma sintering is a low voltage, direct current (DC) pulsed current activated, pressure‐assisted sintering, and synthesis technique, which has been widely applied for materials processing in the recent years. After a description of its working principles and historical background, mechanical, thermal, electrical effects in FAST/SPS are presented along with the role of atmosphere. A selection of successful materials development including refractory materials, nanocrystalline functional ceramics, graded, and non‐equilibrium materials is then discussed. Finally, technological aspects (advanced tool concepts, temperature measurement, finite element simulations) are covered.
Introduction (2001)

Among the many innovations in healthcare that came to the fore in the UK during the first decade of the twenty-first century was legislation allowing professionals other than doctors to prescribe for patients under certain conditions. Non-medical prescribing, as it is generally referred to, has been the focus of research, commentary and debate for some time. Although the number of prescribers has been growing steadily, those who opt to take on this role are still a minority within their respective professions. Some commentators have played down its significance; but others have seen it as symptomatic of a radically changing National Health Service (NHS) and a predictor of many more radical changes to come. There is little doubt that non-medical prescribing has the potential to change the concept and delivery of healthcare provision in the UK.
<title>Development of a launch vibration isolation system</title> (1997)

The U.S. Air Force's Phillips Laboratory has sponsored several programs to isolate payloads from mechanical vibrations during launch. This paper details a program called LVIS (for launch vibration isolation system). LVIS's goals are to reduce the rms accelerations felt by an isolated payload by a factor of 5 compared to an unisolated payload while using minimal launch vehicle services, fitting within existing payload attach fittings' dimension and mass envelopes, and providing fail- safe operation. The LVIS system must provide axial isolation while at the same time not allowing its host spacecraft to 'rattle' too much and make contact with the launch vehicle's external payload fairing, which is present to protect against heat, aerodynamic, and acoustic loads. This challenging set of goals will be accomplished using an innovative suspension system specially designed to be relatively soft in the vertical and lateral directions and stiff in the rotational directions to prevent payload fairing contact. An overview of the LVIS design and predicted performance is given.
Microbial metabolisms in a 2.5-km-deep ecosystem created by hydraulic fracturing in shales (2016)

Hydraulic fracturing is the industry standard for extracting hydrocarbons from shale formations. Attention has been paid to the economic benefits and environmental impacts of this process, yet the biogeochemical changes induced in the deep subsurface are poorly understood. Recent single-gene investigations revealed that halotolerant microbial communities were enriched after hydraulic fracturing. Here, the reconstruction of 31 unique genomes coupled to metabolite data from the Marcellus and Utica shales revealed that many of the persisting organisms play roles in methylamine cycling, ultimately supporting methanogenesis in the deep biosphere. Fermentation of injected chemical additives also sustains long-term microbial persistence, while thiosulfate reduction could produce sulfide, contributing to reservoir souring and infrastructure corrosion. Extensive links between viruses and microbial hosts demonstrate active viral predation, which may contribute to the release of labile cellular constituents into the extracellular environment. Our analyses show that hydraulic fracturing provides the organismal and chemical inputs for colonization and persistence in the deep terrestrial subsurface.
A Recovery-Oriented Approach to Dependable Services: Repairing Past Errors with System-Wide Undo (2003)

Motivated by the pressing need for increased dependability in corporate and Internet services and by the perspective that effective recovery can improve dependability as much or more than avoiding failures, we introduce a novel recovery mechanism that gives human system operators the power of system-wide undo. System-wide undo allows operators to roll back erroneous changes to a service's state without losing end-user data or updates, to make retroactive repairs in the historical timeline of the service system, and thereby to quickly recover from catastrophic state corruption, operator error, failed upgrades, and external attacks, even when the root cause of the catastrophe is unknown. 
We explore system-wide undo via a framework based on the novel concept of spheres of undo, bubbles of state and time that provide scope to the state recoverable by undo and serve as a structuring tool for implementing undo on standalone services, hierarchically-composed systems, and distributed interacting services. Crucially, spheres of undo allow us to define the concept of paradoxes, inconsistencies that occur when an undo process retroactively alters state that has been exposed outside of its containing sphere of undo. Managing paradoxes is the grand challenge of system-wide undo, and to tackle it we introduce a framework that automatically detects and compensates for paradoxes; our approach exploits the relaxed consistency semantics already present in existing services that interact with human end-users. 
We describe an implementation of our system-wide undo framework for standalone services with human end-users. We explore its applicability by assembling and evaluating a prototype undoable e-mail store service, by analyzing what would be necessary to construct an undoable online auction service, and by developing a set of guidelines to help service designers retrofit their services with undo. We find that system-wide undo functionality imposes non-negligible but tolerable overhead in terms of both time and space. Using a novel methodology we develop to benchmark human-assisted recovery processes, we also find that undo-based recovery has a net positive effect on dependability, providing significant improvements in correctness while only slightly degrading availability.
PASADENA Hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C Phospholactate (2012)

We demonstrate that potassium 1-(13)C-phosphoenolpyruvate becomes hyperpolarized potassium 1-(13)C-phospholactate with (13)C T(1) = 36 s after molecular hydrogenation by PASADENA (Parahydrogen and Synthesis Allows Dramatically Enhanced Nuclear Alignment). This proof-of-principle study was conducted with a fully protonated molecular precursor. (13)C was polarized to a level of 1%, corresponding to nearly 4000-fold sensitivity enhancement at 3 T. The relevant homo- and heteronuclear spin-spin couplings are reported.
Polymerization and Properties of Dilute Aqueous Silicic Acid from Cation Exchange (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization and Properties of Dilute Aqueous Silicic Acid from Cation ExchangeM. F. BechtoldCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1955, 59, 6, 532–541Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150528a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j150528a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Capacitive-coupled electric-field sensing for urban sub-surface mapping: motivations and practical challenges (2010)

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology is increasingly deployed as the survey tool of choice for urban sub-surface mapping due to its relatively fast speed and minimal ground intrusion. However, there are several application scenarios that still pose difficulties for a GPR, for example in mapping an area with heavy clay or when presented with shallow plastic pipes. A capacitive-coupled electric-field sensing technique is herein considered for the non-intrusive detection of shallow non metallic targets. This technique relies upon detecting an electric field associated with the variation of current density as a result of changes in ground impedance. This paper briefly reviews the theoretical underpinning of the sensor system, followed by a proposal of system design with the aim of operating as an aid to existing GPR technology in urban subsurface mapping. The quality of received signal is measured in comparison with those obtained using ground electrodes. A discussion on the practical challenges associated with the application of this technique is presented, along with preliminary trial results.
Epitope specificity and MHC restriction of rheumatoid arthritis synovial T cell clones which recognize a mycobacterial 65 kDa heat shock protein (1991)

CD4+ T cell clones specific for the mycobacterial hsp 65 were obtained from synovial fluid of a DR4 homozygous rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient. A stimulatory epitope was defined using both deletion mutants of the mycobacterial hsp 65 and synthetic peptides and proved to be in a highly conserved region of the molecule. Despite this, however, there was no recognition by these clones of either the recombinant human homologue of mycobacterial hsp 65, P60, nor of a synthetic peptide containing an amino acid sequence from P60 corresponding to the epitope defined in the mycobacterial hsp 65. When the pattern of HLA restriction shown by the hsp-65-specific T cell clones was investigated, all clones tested proved to be restricted by HLA-DP rather than the more usual HLA-DR. Inhibition experiments suggested that this restriction also applied to the polyclonal synovial T cell response to hsp 65, but not to other antigens. Exclusive restriction of T cell recognition of an antigen by HLA-DP has not been reported previously, and strongly suggests that in this case the T cell repertoire for recognizing hsp 65 in the context of DR4 is deficient. Such an association between DR4 and the inability to respond to an immunodominant bacterial antigen may have implications for the pathogenesis of RA.
Multi Rate Adaptive Cluster Spreading OFDMA System (2008)

The multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) are the main systems for engineers to mitigate the demands of 4G networks. In this paper, the proposed system utilizes the entire system bandwidth by using several orthogonal sub-carrier blocks. Users' data are multiplexed through the use of spreading code into the orthogonal frequency sub-carrier blocks, and multiple-user access is accomplished through the OFDMA technique. The proposed system combines all the facilities of OFDM and CDMA, which ensures better performance than using MC-CDMA and OFDMA individually. By combining the multiple MC-CDMA system among orthogonal frequency sub-carrier blocks, the system provides multi-rate multiple access among the verities of services according to the demand of users at a given time. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the proposed system over multi-path Rayleigh fading channels. We also compare the BER performance and throughput of the proposed system with that of the conventional MC-CDMA system, under the assumptions of identical conditions and channel estimation for both system.
Study on Reaction of Tolylene Diisocyanate with Polyolefine Polyols (2001)

Polyurethane(PU) has been used widely. It is produced by polyisocyanate with polyol. There are many polyisocyanates and polyols. For polyols it is mainly concentrated on polyester and polyether, there is any study on polyolefine polyol. The paper mainly discuss it.By using tolylene diisocyanate(TDI,C6H4CH3(NCO)2) to react with hydroxyterminated polybutadiene(HTPB,HO-[-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-]n-OH,Mn=3805,) and hydroxy-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile)(HTBN, HO-[(-CH2-CH=CHCH2-)x-(-CHCN-CH2)y-]n-OH,Mn=2267), various NCO/OH equivalent ratio NCOterminated polyurethane(PU) prepolymers are synthesized.
Auf dem Weg zu einem Weltethos der Weltreligionen (1990)

ZusammenfassungJede Minute geben die Länder der Welt 1,8 Millionen US-Dollar für militärische Rüstung aus.
Switched planar hexagonal array of equilateral triangle patches for HIPERLAN terminals (2005)

An array antenna which is a planar hexagonal array with six equilateral triangle patches is proposed in this paper. It can be switch controlled with active and parasitic elements in order to direct the beam over 360/spl deg/ beam scan angle in 60/spl deg/ increments. The main radiation field range of elevation of the antenna is from 20/spl deg/ to 70/spl deg/ and the central working frequency is 5.22GHz, which are suitable for HIPERLAN terminals.
Pyrolysis of single molecular precursor for monodisperse lanthanide sulfide/oxysulfide nanocrystals (2007)

We have developed a facile and direct procedure for the preparation of lanthanide chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) with controllable morphologies. Eu(II)S NCs were successfully obtained when protecting the reaction in inert environment, while opening the system to air resulted in lanthanide oxysulfide. Surface ligands play an important role during the crystallization and the growth process. Magnetic studies indicate that spin glass behavior was found in the EuS system and the size dependent magnetic properties were systematically investigated. Lanthanide oxysulfide NCs also show particular optical phenomena due to surface effects and their dimensions.
Pain Management in Cancer Patients Using a Mobile App: Study Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial (2014)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02069743; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02069743 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6Qb65XGGA).
Variable length code with high resynchronization capability. (1989)

可変長符号は, 伝送ビットエラーにより同期を失い, 連続した誤復号を生じる恐れがある.これに対し, オーバヘッドを用いずに, 画一的なアルゴリズムに基づいた符号の変換手法を導入し, 伝送効率を劣化させず, 同期回復能力の高い符号を得る手法を提案する.
Towards Sustainable Production of Protein-Rich Foods: Appraisal of Eight Crops for Western Europe. PART II: Analysis of the Technological Aspects of the Production Chain (2003)

Increased production of plant protein is required to support the production of protein-rich foods which can replace meat in the human diet to reduce the strain that intensive animal husbandry poses on the environment. The suitability of lupin (Lupinus spp.), pea (Pisum sativum), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), triticale (x Triticosecale), lucerne (Medicago sativa), grasses (Lolium and Festuca spp.), rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) for protein production in Western Europe was studied on the basis of a chain-approach. The technological aspects, which are considered in this paper, are the processing methods, and the functional and nutritional properties of the derived protein products. The overall evaluation of the technological prospects of the eight crops as a protein source for Western Europe leads to the conclusion that this part of the production chain is not decisive for that choice. Pea and lupin have a slight advantage over the other crops, because their concentrates and isolates are already commercially available.
Applications of simulated students: an exploration (1994)

It is now possible to build machine learning systems whose behavior is consistent with data from human students. How can education use such simulated students? Applications that help three user groups are discussed. Teachers can practice the art of tutoring byhaving them teach a simulated student. Using a simulation instead of a real student allows teachers to see how their actions affect that student&apos;s knowledge, to undo their actions, and to try their skills on students with varying prior knowledge and learning strategies. Students can learn in collaboration with a simulated student. Because the simulated student can be simultaneously an expert and a colearner, it can scaffold and guide the human&apos;s learning in subtle ways. Instructional developers can test their instruction on simulated students. Unlike formativeevaluations with real students, a simulation-based evaluation can indicate exactly what piece of the instruction caused which pieces of knowledge, and thus help developers troubleshoot their instructional designs early in the design process. For each of these three areas of application, inherent technical limitations, existing systems and prospective systems are discussed.
Application of asymmetric cone-beam CT in radiotherapy (2005)

In many implementations of cone-beam CT in radiotherapy for target positioning, it is not uncommon that the maximum allowable field of view (FOV) cannot cover the patient because of the limited size of the flat-panel detector. In this situation, the measurements will contain truncated projections, leading to significant artifacts in reconstructed images. Asymmetric cone-beam configurations can be used for increasing the FOV size by displacing the detector panel to one side. From the data acquired with such an asymmetric configuration, the well-known algorithm developed by Feldkamp, Davis, and Kress (FDK) can be modified to reconstruct images. With increasing detector asymmetry, however, the modified FDK algorithm may produce significant aliasing artifacts. In this work, we develop a novel algorithm for image reconstruction in asymmetric cone-beam CT, which can generate images with improved numerical properties and allow for large detector asymmetry. We have employed the asymmetric configuration and the developed algorithm in a cone-beam CT system in radiotherapy to increase the FOV size. Preliminary phantom studies have been conducted to validate the asymmetric configuration and the proposed reconstruction algorithm.