gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Structural Effects of Amino Acid Ligands in Pd(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective C–H Functionalization Reactions (2017)

Delineating complex ligand effects on enantioselectivity is a longstanding challenge in asymmetric catalysis. With α-amino acid ligands, the essential difficulty lies in accurately describing integrated perturbations induced by simultaneous variation about the α side chain and N protecting group of the ligand, which hampers an intuitive understanding of the structure–enantioselectivity relationships. To deconvolute such complexity in chiral amino acid enabled enantioselective C–H functionalization reactions, a computational organometallic model system was developed. Whereas a model based only on a conventional results in diminished predictive power, the ground state Pd(II)-based models display an excellent ability to describe the observed enantioselectivity. These structures were leveraged using a multivariate modeling approach to successfully describe Pd(II)-catalyzed C–H alkylation, alkenylation, and two C–H arylation reactions, wherein descriptors of torsion angle, percent buried volume, and NBO charge showed quantitative relevance to predict enantiomeric excess. On the basis of the insights revealed in these case studies, an optimal set of amino acid ligands is suggested to provide maximum information in a screening campaign.
G Proteins, Receptors, and Disease (1998)

More than a collection of review articles, G Proteins, Receptors, and Disease summarizes in depth the state of our knowledge today concerning not only how cells communicate via G-protein-coupled signal transduction processes, but also how defects in these proteins and their receptors can cause serious human disease involving many different organ systems. Written by leading investigators, each chapter describes in detail the structure and function of a particular G protein or receptor, outlines possible mutations, and discusses fully the molecular pathogenesis of associated diseases. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications are also discussed when relevant. In its unique blend of cutting-edge basic science and clinical medicine, G Proteins, Receptors, and Disease offers deep insights into the physiological significance of this key signal transduction pathway, as well as into the molecular basis of diseases ranging from obesity to malignancy. The basic understanding of the complex signal transduction process achieved here provides a firm foundation for future efforts to prevent and cure these diseases
Quantum Cryptography with Finite Resources: Unconditional Security Bound for Discrete-Variable Protocols with One-Way Postprocessing (2008)

We derive a bound for the security of quantum key distribution with finite resources under one-way postprocessing, based on a definition of security that is composable and has an operational meaning. While our proof relies on the assumption of collective attacks, unconditional security follows immediately for standard protocols such as Bennett-Brassard 1984 and six-states protocol. For single-qubit implementations of such protocols, we find that the secret key rate becomes positive when at least N approximately 10(5) signals are exchanged and processed. For any other discrete-variable protocol, unconditional security can be obtained using the exponential de Finetti theorem, but the additional overhead leads to very pessimistic estimates.
Treatment of idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) with gabapentin (2001)

Nine patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) were treated with 300 mg of gabapentin as an initial dose and an up-titration until relief of symptoms for 4 weeks. Subjective symptoms improved significantly. Polysomnographic data showed a reduction of periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) (p = 0.003) and PLMS index (p = 0.001). The authors conclude that gabapentin provides a well-tolerated and effective treatment of idiopathic RLS.
Circulating Levels of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, and Thrombomodulin in Hemodialysis Patients (2001)

This study investigated the relationship between the circulating levels of the endothelial cell glycoproteins plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), and thrombomodulin (TM) and the major vascular risk factors described in dialysis patients. In addition, the role of these endothelial cell products as independent predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD) was analyzed. Levels of TM, TPA antigen (Ag), TPA activity, PAI-1 Ag, PAI-1 activity, TPA/PAI complexes, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, fibrinopeptide A, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, lipids, apoproteins A1 and B, and albumin were measured in a group of 200 nondiabetic dialysis patients and 100 healthy matched volunteers. When compared with healthy controls, dialysis patients showed increased levels of CRP, TM, TPA, and PAI-1 and evidence of increased thrombin-dependent fibrin formation. Increased levels of active PAI-1 were associated to a great extent with major classic vascular risk factors and to a lesser extent with CRP and serum triglycerides. Forty-six patients (23%) had evidence of CAD. Variables associated with CAD in the univariate analysis included age, time on dialysis, male gender, number of packs of cigarettes per year, high BP, fibrinogen, apolipoprotein B, albumin, PAI-1 activity, CRP, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, and fibrinopeptide A. Logistic regression analysis found age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, gender, high BP, CRP, time on dialysis, and PAI-1 activity to be independent predictors of CAD. This model classified correctly 85% of patients as having CAD and showed adequate goodness of fit for all risk categories. Our data support a pathogenic link among activated inflammatory response, endothelial injury, and CAD in hemodialysis patients and suggest that assessment of circulating PAI-1 levels could be an additional tool to identify dialysis patients who are at risk for developing atheromatous cardiovascular disease.
Plasma Fibrinogen Levels, Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Age-Related Maculopathy (1998)

These findings support the concepts that associations exist between plasma fibrinogen levels and late ARMD, a body mass index outside the normal range, and early ARM, and between the family history and smoking and any ARM. We found no other significant associations with any history of cardiovascular disease or other risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Rehabilitation of Soft-Tissue Injuries to the Hip (2004)

Anatomical injuries to the hip can present with similar symptoms regardless of whether the injury was sustained through an athletic event. Therefore, the management of such injuries might not differ between an athlete and a nonathlete, but the goals of the individual, the physiological status of the tissue that has been impaired, and the underlying physical health status of the individual all contribute to the rehabilitative decision-making process. The goals of an athlete might be more physically demanding and require a facilitated temporal approach toward meeting such outcomes. As such, when developing an intervention that meets the needs of the athlete one must consider the most efficient method of returning him or her to athletic activity with minimal risk of compromising the healing process
Cardiac βARK1 inhibition prolongs survival and augments β blocker therapy in a mouse model of severe heart failure (2001)

Chronic human heart failure is characterized by abnormalities in β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling, including increased levels of βAR kinase 1 (βARK1), which seems critical to the pathogenesis of the disease. To determine whether inhibition of βARK1 is sufficient to rescue a model of severe heart failure, we mated transgenic mice overexpressing a peptide inhibitor of βARK1 (βARKct) with transgenic mice overexpressing the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -binding protein, calsequestrin (CSQ). CSQ mice have a severe cardiomyopathy and markedly shortened survival (9 ± 1 weeks). In contrast, CSQ/βARKct mice exhibited a significant increase in mean survival age (15 ± 1 weeks; P < 0.0001) and showed less cardiac dilation, and cardiac function was significantly improved (CSQ vs. CSQ/βARKct, left ventricular end diastolic dimension 5.60 ± 0.17 mm vs. 4.19 ± 0.09 mm, P < 0.005; % fractional shortening, 15 ± 2 vs. 36 ± 2, P < 0.005). The enhancement of the survival rate in CSQ/βARKct mice was substantially potentiated by chronic treatment with the βAR antagonist metoprolol (CSQ/βARKct nontreated vs. CSQ/βARKct metoprolol treated, 15 ± 1 weeks vs. 25 ± 2 weeks, P < 0.0001). Thus, overexpression of the βARKct resulted in a marked prolongation in survival and improved cardiac function in a mouse model of severe cardiomyopathy that can be potentiated with β-blocker therapy. These data demonstrate a significant synergy between an established heart-failure treatment and the strategy of βARK1 inhibition.
<i>FHIT</i> , a Novel Modifier Gene in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2018)

This study highlights the importance of the novel BMPR2 modifier FHIT in PH and the clinical value of the repurposed drug enzastaurin as a potential novel therapeutic strategy to improve PAH.
Invasion of Human Mucosal Epithelial Cells by<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>Upregulates Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (1999)

Infection of the mucosa by Neisseria gonorrhoeae involves adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells. Little is known, however, about the expression by mucosal epithelial cells of molecules that mediate cellular interactions between epithelial cells and neutrophils at the site of gonococcal infection. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) by epithelial cells during the process of gonococcal invasion. The highly invasive strain FA1090 and the poorly invasive strain MS11 were incubated with human endometrial adenocarcinoma (HEC-1-B) or human cervical carcinoma (ME-180) epithelial cells, after which ICAM-1 expression was measured by flow cytometry. After 15 h of infection with FA1090, expression of ICAM-1 increased 4.7- and 2.1-fold for HEC-1-B and ME-180 cells, respectively, whereas 15 h of infection of HEC-1-B cells with MS11 increased ICAM-1 expression only 1.6-fold. ICAM-1 expression was restricted to the cell surface, since no soluble ICAM-1 was detected. The distribution of staining was heterogeneous and mimicked that seen after treatment of HEC-1-B cells with the ICAM-1 agonist tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the absence of bacteria. PCR and dot blot analyses of ICAM-1 mRNA showed no change in levels over time in response to infection. Although TNF-alpha was produced by HEC-1-B cells after infection, the extent of ICAM-1 upregulation was not affected by neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antiserum. Dual-fluorescence flow cytometry showed that the cells with the highest levels of ICAM-1 expression were cells with associated gonococci. We conclude that epithelial cells upregulate the expression of ICAM-1 in response to infection with invasive gonococci. On the mucosa, upregulation of ICAM-1 by infected epithelial cells may function to maintain neutrophils at the site of infection, thereby reducing further invasion of the mucosa by gonococci.
MUTANTS OF <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> K-12 DEFECTIVE IN DNA REPAIR AND IN GENETIC RECOMBINATION (1966)

BACTERIA are readily killed by exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) , presumably as the result of the formation of UV photoproducts in the bacterial DNA. It is also known that pyrimidine dimers are among the photoproducts formed with a high yield, and that bacteria normally contain an efficient mechanism for the repair of DNA containing these products. Pyrimidine dimers are excised from DNA during incubation and can be recovered, still contained within a short oligonucleotide. This excision appears to involve the interruption of single DNA strands, and to be followed by local DNA breakdown and repair synthesis (SETLOW and CARRIER 1964; BOYCE and HOWARD-FLANDERS 1964; PETTIJOHN and HANAWALT 1964). These observations are of interest not only because they reveal the mechanism of an effective and possibly widespread process for the repair of injured DNA, but also because they suggest that local repair can occur in one strand of a double helix. This mechanism for DNA repair may be related to the mechanism of genetic exchange. An insight into the mechanisms of genetic recombination was gained through the discovery that h bacteriophage recombinants can be formed by joining fragments of preexisting phage DNA molecules (MESELSON and WEIGLE 1961). As continuity in the base sequence of the phage genome must be preserved, base pairing between overlapping single strands from each parentel molecule is presumably required as a prelude to the formation of a recombinant ( LEVINTHAL 1959). It has been suggested that the process of recombination may be completed by local DNA repair synthesis on either side of the overlap (MESELSON 1964) and that certain of the enzymes involved may serve in both genetic recombination and in repair after irradiation ( HOWARD-FLANDERS and BOYCE 1964). Further evidence in support of these concepts has been obtained through the isolation of mutants of E. coZi K-12 that have lost the ability to form recombinants when mated with suitable donor strains. As these mutants are able to accept genetic material normafly, it appears that they may be defective in the process of integrating the donor DNA into the recipient chromosome (phenotype symbol Kec-) . Because of the suggested relationship between repair and recombination, the strains were tested for ability to survive exposure to UV, and were found to be highly radiosensitive (CLARK and MARGULIES 1965). After exposure to UV, these mutants degrade their DNA excessively and fail to incorporate labeled thymidine ( CLARK, CHAMBERLIN, BOYCE, and HOWARD-FLANDERS 1966).
RFLP for the human apollpoprotein B gene: II;EcoRI (1985)

Journal Article RFLP for the human apollpoprotein B gene: II;EcoRI Get access L. Priestley, L. Priestley Molecular Medicine Research Group, MRC Clinical Research CentreWatford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HAI 3UJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. Knott, T. Knott Molecular Medicine Research Group, MRC Clinical Research CentreWatford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HAI 3UJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Wallis, S. Wallis Molecular Medicine Research Group, MRC Clinical Research CentreWatford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HAI 3UJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Powell, L. Powell Molecular Medicine Research Group, MRC Clinical Research CentreWatford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HAI 3UJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Pease, R. Pease Molecular Medicine Research Group, MRC Clinical Research CentreWatford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HAI 3UJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Scott J. Scott Molecular Medicine Research Group, MRC Clinical Research CentreWatford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HAI 3UJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 13, Issue 18, 25 September 1985, Page 6790, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/13.18.6790 Published: 25 September 1985
Image Popularity Prediction in Social Media Using Sentiment and Context Features (2015)

Images in social networks share different destinies: some are going to become popular while others are going to be completely unnoticed. In this paper we propose to use visual sentiment features together with three novel context features to predict a concise popularity score of social images. Experiments on large scale datasets show the benefits of proposed features on the performance of image popularity prediction. Exploiting state-of-the-art sentiment features, we report a qualitative analysis of which sentiments seem to be related to good or poor popularity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work understanding specific visual sentiments that positively or negatively influence the eventual popularity of images.
Macitentan for inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH): results from the randomised controlled MERIT study (2017)

The efficacy and safety of the endothelin receptor antagonist macitentan in primary inoperable CTEPH, assessed by an independent adjudication committee, was evaluated in the randomised, double-blind MERIT study (NCT02021292). Patients in WHO functional class (FC) II–IV with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≥400 dyn∙sec/cm<sup>5</sup> and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) of 150–450m were eligible. Treatment with phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) or oral/inhaled prostanoids was allowed for patients in WHO FC III–IV. Patients were randomised to placebo (n=40) or macitentan 10 mg (n=40) once daily for 24 weeks; 61% were receiving a PDE-5i or oral/inhaled prostanoids at baseline; 96% PDE-5i. Compared with placebo, the PVR (primary endpoint) and 6MWD significantly improved in the macitentan group. Macitentan-treated patients were less likely to experience WHO FC worsening vs placebo (Figure). PH-related disease progression occurred in 5.0% (macitentan) and 17.5% (placebo) of patients. Most common adverse events (macitentan vs placebo) were peripheral oedema (22.5% vs 10.0%) and decreased haemoglobin/anaemia (17.5% vs 2.5%). Five patients (placebo) prematurely discontinued treatment. Two patients (placebo) died. In the MERIT study, macitentan led to significant improvements in cardiopulmonary haemodynamics and clinical parameters in inoperable CTEPH patients and was well tolerated.
Reactive ion etching of InP via holes (1994)

A high resolution dry etch process for InP via holes is presented. Using Cl2:HBr:BCl3:Ar reactive ion etching, etch rates in excess of 1 μm/min have been obtained on InP substrates with feature sizes as small as 15×15 μm2. The etch rate selectivity between InP and the photoresist was found to improve with the addition of HBr. The tapered sidewall profiles, suitable for subsequent metallization steps, can easily be achieved with this process.
Influence of Applied Quantity of Sunscreen Products on the Sun Protection Factor – A Multicenter Study Organized by the DGK Task Force Sun Protection (2006)

It is often debated that the protection against solar-induced erythema under real conditions is dependent upon the amount of sunscreen applied. It is believed that when too little is applied a lower sun protection than indicated on the label will result. The aim of this study was to quantify this effect. In this multicenter study, the influence of three different amounts (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) of three commercial sunscreen products in three reliable test centers was investigated according to the test protocol of The International Sun Protection Factor Test Method. The main result was a linear dependence of the SPF on the quantity applied. Taking into consideration the volunteer-specific variations, an exponential dependence of confidence interval of the in vivo SPF and amount applied was found. The highest amount applied (2.0 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) was linked to the lowest confidence intervals. Thus, from the point of view of producing reliable and reproducible in vivo results under laboratory conditions, the recommendation of this multicenter study is an application quantity of 2.0 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>.
Layout technique to alleviate soft failure for short pitch multi finger ESD protection devices (2007)

This paper describes a layout technique to alleviate soft failure for short pitch multi finger ggMOS devices. Forming metal path parallel to the finger achieved 17-30% improvement in soft failure current without area penalty. Improvement of heat dissipation parallel to the finger is a possible explanation for this phenomenon.
A tunable path-separated electron interferometer with an amplitude-dividing grating beamsplitter (2018)

We demonstrate a tunable path-separated electron interferometer using a single amplitude-dividing beamsplitter to prepare multiple spatially isolated, coherent electron probe beams. We place four electrostatic bi-prisms in the optical column of a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to achieve path separations of up to 25 μm, the largest demonstrated within amplitude-division electron interferometers while maintaining fringe visibility of the directly observed interference fringes at the detector. We characterize the fringe visibility of this setup over a range of path separations and perform STEM holography to reconstruct the full object wave of a fabricated Si ramp test phase object. We report a quantitative object-wave measurement in this configuration and confirm with an independent off-axis electron holography measurement. This experimental design can potentially be applied to high-resolution phase imaging and fundamental physics experiments, such as an exploration of the electron wave packet coherence length and the Aharonov-Bohm effect.
Polymer encapsulated conjugated polymernanoparticles for fluorescence bioimaging (2011)

The recent advances of in vitro and in vivo bioimaging require novel classes of fluorescent probes with high fluorescence, good photostability and low cytotoxicity. Conjugated polymer based fluorescent nanoparticles as an alternative to conventional fluorescent probes have attracted wide attention in bioimaging due to their intrinsic merits. This feature article reviews the recent development of polymer encapsulated conjugated polymer nanoparticles in bioimaging applications. Through emulsion or nanoprecipitation, polymeric nanoparticles with desired optical properties and surface functional groups are obtained to meet specific requirements of various imaging tasks. Fine-tuning of the conjugated polymer structure and polymeric encapsulation matrix will lead to advanced fluorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging applications.
Gastrointestinal safety of AZD3582, a cyclooxygenase inhibiting nitric oxide donator: proof of concept study in humans (2003)

This human study supports animal data showing reduced gastrointestinal toxicity with the CINOD AZD3582. The potential combination of effective pain relief and gastrointestinal protection offered by AZD3582 warrants further evaluation in human clinical studies.
Closure methods for large intakes (1995)

The intakes of aging spillways, diversion structures, locks, and hydropower plants need to be serviced, repaired, or rehabilitated to extend their useful life. These structure`s intakes require dewatering to perform this work. For large intakes, conventional closure methods for dewatering may not be possible or cofferdams may be prohibitively expensive. This paper presents several novel closure methods for dewatering: the needle-beam cofferdam, the hinged floating bulkhead, and the braced wall cofferdam. The closure methods described in the presented projects resulted in significant cost savings, a safe work environment, and an efficient use of resources.
Image Super-Resolution via Deep Recursive Residual Network (2017)

Recently, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based models have achieved great success in Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR). Owing to the strength of deep networks, these CNN models learn an effective nonlinear mapping from the low-resolution input image to the high-resolution target image, at the cost of requiring enormous parameters. This paper proposes a very deep CNN model (up to 52 convolutional layers) named Deep Recursive Residual Network (DRRN) that strives for deep yet concise networks. Specifically, residual learning is adopted, both in global and local manners, to mitigate the difficulty of training very deep networks, recursive learning is used to control the model parameters while increasing the depth. Extensive benchmark evaluation shows that DRRN significantly outperforms state of the art in SISR, while utilizing far fewer parameters. Code is available at https://github.com/tyshiwo/DRRN_CVPR17.