gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An engineered mammalian band-pass network (2010)

Gene expression circuitries, which enable cells to detect precise levels within a morphogen concentration gradient, have a pivotal impact on biological processes such as embryonic pattern formation, paracrine and autocrine signalling, and cellular migration. We present the rational synthesis of a synthetic genetic circuit exhibiting band-pass detection characteristics. The components, involving multiply linked mammalian trans-activator and -repressor control systems, were selected and fine-tuned to enable the detection of 'low-threshold' morphogen (tetracycline) concentrations, in which target gene expression was triggered, and a 'high-threshold' concentration, in which expression was muted. In silico predictions and supporting experimental findings indicated that the key criterion for functional band-pass detection was the matching of componentry that enabled sufficient separation of the low and high threshold points. Using the circuitry together with a fluorescence-encoded target gene, mammalian cells were genetically engineered to be capable of forming a band-like pattern of differentiation in response to a tetracycline chemical gradient. Synthetic gene networks designed to emulate naturally occurring gene behaviours provide not only insight into biological processes, but may also foster progress in future tissue engineering, gene therapy and biosensing applications.
NetCodCCN: A network coding approach for content-centric networks (2016)

Content-Centric Networking (CCN) naturally supports multi-path communication, as it allows the simultaneous use of multiple interfaces (e.g. LTE and WiFi). When multiple sources and multiple clients are considered, the optimal set of distribution trees should be determined in order to optimally use all the available interfaces. This is not a trivial task, as it is a computationally intense procedure that should be done centrally. The need for central coordination can be removed by employing network coding, which also offers improved resiliency to errors and large throughput gains. In this paper, we propose NetCodCCN, a protocol for integrating network coding in CCN. In comparison to previous works proposing to enable network coding in CCN, NetCodCCN permits Interest aggregation and Interest pipelining, which reduce the data retrieval times. The experimental evaluation shows that the proposed protocol leads to significant improvements in terms of content retrieval delay compared to the original CCN. Our results demonstrate that the use of network coding adds robustness to losses and permits to exploit more efficiently the available network resources. The performance gains are verified for content retrieval in various network scenarios.
Reconfigurable transmission-type beamformer (2002)

Beam forming, including focusing, power splitting and steering, has been demonstrated using a two-dimensional reconfigurable aperture to alter the transmission of propagating waves. The array consists of 5/spl times/5 unit blocks and each unit block contains 6/spl times/6 unit cells. Multiple beams, power splitting, beam steering angles of /spl plusmn/30/spl deg/, focusing to 3-dB beamwidths of 10/spl deg/, and defocusing to divergence angles of /spl plusmn/20/spl deg/ are demonstrated. Optimization of beamwidth and focal length with varying array configuration for the focusing architecture shows a focal length of 12.7/spl lambda/ and a minimum beamwidth of 10/spl deg/ at 5 GHz.
Short-range sea clutter in horizon search radar systems: antenna pattern effects (1993)

Short-range clutter can limit the performance of radar systems using high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) waveforms. The paper evaluates the antenna pattern effects of short-range sea clutter for an example horizon search system. Clutter-to-noise ratio (C/N) and signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) are evaluated for several antenna designs, in which aperture illumination weighting can be achieved on either transmit or receive. Three antenna effects are studied: illumination function (pattern), elevation of the pattern with respect to horizontal (‘upspot’), and aperture diameter. Of several cases examined, one with uniform weighting on transmit and Taylor weighting on receive gives the most desirable clutter response. With reference to the case of uniform transmit and receive patterns with no upspot, a Taylor receive pattern with −42 dB sidelobe level in combination with an optimal upspot angle reduces worst-case clutter by ≈14.7 dB at the expense of ≈10.25 dB increase in the transmit power required to equalise S/N to that of the reference. Doubling the aperture diameter further reduces worst-case clutter by ≈13.2 dB, with required transmit power actually decreasing (≈12.41 dB) over the previous case. Here, the cost is a larger antenna. Antenna considerations are shown to have a considerable impact on clutter and to be perhaps the best method of reducing radar dynamic range requirements.
Enhancement of Waste Activated Sludge Protein Conversion and Volatile Fatty Acids Accumulation during Waste Activated Sludge Anaerobic Fermentation by Carbohydrate Substrate Addition: The Effect of pH (2009)

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the carbon source of biological nutrients removal, can be produced by waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. However, because of high protein content and low carbon to nitrogen mass ratio (C/N) of WAS, the production of VFAs, especially propionic acid, a more preferred VFA than acetic acid for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), is limited. After the addition of carbohydrate (rice was used as the model matter) to the WAS anaerobic fermentation system to balance the C/N ratio, the effect of pH on WAS protein conversion and VFAs production was investigated in this paper. Experimental results showed that the addition of carbohydrate matter caused a remarkable enhancement of WAS protein conversion and protease activity, and an apparent synergistic effect between WAS and carbohydrate matter was observed. The study of pH effect revealed that pH influenced not only the total VFAs production but the percentage of individual VFA. The maximal VFAs production (520.1 mg COD per gram of volatile suspended solids (VSS)) occurred at pH 8.0 and a fermentation time of 8 d, which was more than three times that at uncontrolled pH (150.2 mg COD/g VSS). The analysis of the composition of VFAs showed that propionic acid ranked first at pH 6.0-9.0 (around 50%) whereas acetic acid was the dominant product at other pHs investigated. Thus, the suitable conditions for propionic acid-enriched VFAs production were pH 8.0 and a time of 8 d. Further investigation showed that as there was more fermentation substrate consumption with lower biogas generation at pH 8.0, improved VFAs production was observed. Also, the key enzymes relevant to propionic acid formation exhibited the highest activities at pH 8.0, which resulted in the greatest propionic acid content in the fermentative VFAs. The 16S rRNA gene clone library demonstrated that Clostridia, beta-Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant microbial community when the current anaerobic fermentation system was operated at pH 8.0. With the fermentative VFAs as the additional carbon source of municipal wastewater, the EBPR performance was significantly increased.
418 Multi-scale Finite Element Analysis of Porous Ceramics Joint (2002)

Porous ceramics have many attractive properties, and they are often used as joint structures. Subsequently, the stress and fracture analysis at the interface is a matter of concern. Recent stress analysis by finite element method (FEM) for such heterogeneous materials is going toward the multi-scale analysis considering the microstructures and the micro-macro coupling effect. To model the very complex microstructures, the homogenization theory has been considered to be effective and accurate with the help of FEM. In the former part of this paper, 3D micro-macro coupled analysis by this theory is presented with digital image-based modeling technique. Because the homogenization theory assumes the periodic array of a unit microstructure model, however, the interface stress of joint structure can't be analyzed. Hence, a novel multi-scale method named finite element mesh superposition method is proposed. A demonstrative example of a porous ceramics joint with interface crack is presented to show the accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Extracting User Interests from Search Query Logs: A Clustering Approach (2010)

This paper proposes to enhance search query log analysis by taking into account the semantic properties of query terms. We first describe a method for extracting a global semantic representation of a search query log and then show how we can use it to semantically extract the user interests. The global representation is composed of a taxonomy that organizes query terms based on generalization/specialization (“is a”) semantic relations and of a function to measure the semantic distance between terms. We then define a query terms clustering algorithm that is applied to the log representation to extract user interests. The evaluation has been done on large real-life logs of a popular search engine.
IDENTIFICATION OF DYNAMIC RIGIDITY FOR HIGH SPEED SPINDLES SUPPORTED ON BALL BEARINGS (2013)

The widespread use of high-speed machining in recent decades has led to a significant area of research on issues that limit its productivity. Regenerative chatter is a well-known machining problem that results in unstable cutting process, leads to the poor surface quality, reduced material removal rate and damage on the machine tool itself. The main requirement for the stability of system dynamics is the information of tool tip frequency response functions (FRF's).The present work considered a coupled model of spindlebearing system by using the angular contact ball bearing forces on stability of machining. Using Timoshenko beam element formulation, the spindle unit is analyzed by including the gyroscopic and centrifugal terms and the bearing contact forces are arrived from Hertzian contact theory. Then, the model is used for studying the effects of viscous damping to obtain the tool point FRF for the dynamic spindle.
NOBLEMAIRE PRINCIPLE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL CIVIL SERVICE (2016)

One aspect of the Law of International Organisations that have not attracted the attention of International Law Scholars is the age long concept of “Noblemaire Principle” of 1921 which was adopted during the years of the League of Nations and is still being used for the determining the salaries of international civil servants. The Principle has been adopted by the International Civil Service Commission (ICSC) as a standard for remunerating official of international organizations like the United Nations and its Agencies. This paper therefore intends to examine the relevance of the “Noblemaire Principles” in contemporary global civil services and to see whether it still meets the need of the present time or requires necessary review by the International Civil Service Commission?  This paper will also examine the realities of 1921 with those of present day by relying on the Congressional report from research commissioned by the United States, Government Accountability Office (GAO) in 2013 to see whether the Noblemaire Principles still meets the needs of time having found from reports that the margin between U.N and U.S. civil service salaries has increased over a period of ten years while the Noblemaire Principle which relies and applies the US Civil Service salary scheme in payment of the salaries of UN and other International Staff  is still being considered as normal. Then should the Noblemaire Principle be maintained as the pay-setting yardstick for the UN and other international civil servants considering its antiquated nature?
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Thyroglobulin, and Thyroid Hormones and Risk of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: The EPIC Study (2014)

High Tg levels precede by up to 8 years the detection of TC, pointing to a long sojourn time of the disease. Low TSH levels may predispose to TC onset. Neither marker has sufficient accuracy to be a screening test.
Transfer of Pseudomonas aminovorans (den Dooren de Jong 1926) to Aminobacter gen. nov. as Aminobacter aminovorans comb. nov. and Description of Aminobacter aganoensis sp. nov. and Aminobacter niigataensis sp. nov. (1992)

We compared non-methane-, non-methanol-, and methylamine-utilizing bacteria, including Pseudomonas aminovorans, a tetramethylammonium-utilizing bacterium, and an N-N-dimethylformamide-utilizing bacterium. These bacteria are gram-negative, nonsporeforming, subpolarly flagellated, rod-shaped organisms. Reproduction occurs by budding. The DNA base compositions are 62 to 64 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The cellular fatty acids contain a large amount of C18:1 acid. The major hydroxy acid is 3-OH C12:0 acid. The major ubiquinone is ubiquinone Q-10. These bacteria are clearly separated from authentic Pseudomonas species (Pseudomonas fluorescens rRNA group) on the basis of utilization of methylamine, morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA homology, and rRNA-DNA homology. They were divided into three subgroups on the basis of their physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA homology data. A new genus, Aminobacter, and three new species, Aminobacter aminovorans comb. nov., Aminobacter aganoensis sp. nov., and Aminobacter niigataensis sp. nov., are proposed. The type species of Aminobacter gen. nov. is A. aminovorans, with type strain JCM 7852. The type strain of A. aganoensis is strain TH-3 (= JCM 7854), and the type strain of A. niigataensis is strain DM-81 (= JCM 7853).
The electrochemical synthesis of metallocenes, polymethylmetallocenes, ‘open metallocenes’ and metal phenylacetylides (1990)

Abstract Metallocenes, polymethylmetallocenes, metal dimethylpentadienyls and metal phenylacetylides were synthesized by the oxidation of the metal in a solution (acetonitrile, acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile/1,2‐dimethoxyethane) of the carbon acid C*H (where C*PhCC, C 5 H 5 , CH 3 C 5 H 4 , (CH 3 ) 5 C 5 , indenyl, fluorenyl and 2,4‐dimethylpentadienyl). Metallocenes were extracted with hexane and sublimed in vacuo . Metal phenylacetylides precipitated during electrolysis. Current efficiencies indicate Faradaic behaviour. The method provides a significant improvement over the conventional route via alkali metal salts of the carbon acid.
Use of amifostine in hematologic malignancies, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute leukemia. (1999)

The phosphorylated thiol amine, amifostine (Ethyol; Alza Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA/US Bioscience, West Conshohocken, PA), is a cytoprotective agent for cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Recent investigations have given rise to new potential applications of amifostine in hematologic malignancies. Amifostine appears to exert a sustained mitogenic effect in primitive hematopoietic progenitors that results in a significant increase in colony-forming capacity. Amifostine also retards cell loss and delays commitment to apoptosis initiated by cytokine deprivation, suggesting that amifostine has trophic effects similar to the hematopoietic cytokines. The abilities to prolong progenitor survival and to delay apoptosis under conditions of cellular stress make amifostine an attractive agent for investigation in bone marrow failure states. Amifostine promotes more effective hematopoiesis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, although additional investigation is needed to further define the optimal dose and schedule of administration. Furthermore, amifostine may selectively enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in leukemia progenitors. When the sensitivity of leukemic and normal progenitors to mafosfamide was evaluated with and without amifostine pretreatment, amifostine effectively protected normal myeloid and erythroid progenitors while increasing leukemic cell kill. Thus, amifostine represents a unique agent with promising potential for therapeutic application in hematologic malignancies. Further investigation is needed to define its role in clinical practice.
Characterization of the 55K adenovirus type 5 E1B product and related proteins (1994)

In addition to major proteins of 19K and 55K (176 and 496 residues, 176R and 496R, respectively), early region 1B (E1B) of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) is predicted to encode at least three other polypeptides of 156R, 93R and 84R that share 79 amino-terminal residues with 496R. We have used a series of specific antipeptide sera to identify and partially characterize these proteins. 84R was produced in large amounts, 156R somewhat less, and 93R at very low levels. Synthesis of 176R, 496R, as well as the E2A 72K DNA-binding protein commenced shortly after that of E1A proteins in Ad5-infected KB cells. Production of 156R, 93R and 84R began somewhat later, but prior to the synthesis of the late structural protein IX and hexon. 156R, which is composed of the 79 amino-terminal and 77 carboxy-terminal amino acids of 496R, migrated on SDS-PAGE as two species which appeared to differ by their degree of phosphorylation. 156R and 496R yielded identical tryptic phosphopeptides that contained both phosphoserine and phosphothreonine, and one of these was immunoprecipitated by a serum specific for the carboxy terminus. These results suggested that Ser-490 and/or Ser-491 as well as Thr-495 are major sites of phosphorylation in these proteins.
Collective migration of an epithelial monolayer in response to a model wound (2007)

Using an original microfabrication-based technique, we experimentally study situations in which a virgin surface is presented to a confluent epithelium with no damage made to the cells. Although inspired by wound-healing experiments, the situation is markedly different from classical scratch wounding because it focuses on the influence of the free surface and uncouples it from the other possible contributions such as cell damage and/or permeabilization. Dealing with Madin-Darby canine kidney cells on various surfaces, we found that a sudden release of the available surface is sufficient to trigger collective motility. This migration is independent of the proliferation of the cells that mainly takes place on the fraction of the surface initially covered. We find that this motility is characterized by a duality between collective and individual behaviors. On the one hand, the velocity fields within the monolayer are very long range and involve many cells in a coordinated way. On the other hand, we have identified very active "leader cells" that precede a small cohort and destabilize the border by a fingering instability. The sides of the fingers reveal a pluricellular actin "belt" that may be at the origin of a mechanical signaling between the leader and the followers. Experiments performed with autocrine cells constitutively expressing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or in the presence of exogenous HGF show a higher average velocity of the border and no leader.
Quad Screen as a Predictor of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (2005)

These data suggest that components of the quad screen may prove useful in predicting adverse obstetric outcomes. We also showed that the total number and specific combinations of abnormal markers are most useful in predicting the risk of adverse perinatal outcome.
Antecedent life events of binge-eating disorder (2006)

The present study investigated the occurrence of life events preceding the onset of disturbed eating in binge-eating disorder (BED). In a case-control design, 162 matched pairs of black and white women with BED and women with no current psychiatric disorder, and 107 matched pairs of women with BED and a current general psychiatric disorder were recruited from the community for the New England Women's Health Project. Life events in the year before the onset of disturbed eating were assessed retrospectively with an investigator-based interview. Women with BED reported exposure to a significantly greater number of life events during the year before onset of eating disturbances than both the non-psychiatric and psychiatric control women during the same period of time in their lives. Women with BED had a significantly higher risk of exposure to certain specific life events (e.g., critical comments about shape, weight, or eating; stress related to work, school or other sources; major changes in life circumstances and relationships; physical abuse; and feeling unsafe in a variety of settings) than the non-psychiatric control women, while differences between the BED and the psychiatric control group were less marked. There was no evidence for race-specific exposure to antecedent life events. The results suggest that a greater number and certain specific types of life events increase risk for the subsequent development of BED.
The bleak future of NAND flash memory (2012)

In recent years, flash-based SSDs have grown enormously both in capacity and popularity. In high-performance enterprise storage applications, accelerating adoption of SSDs is predicated on the ability of manufacturers to deliver performance that far exceeds disks while closing the gap in cost per gigabyte. However, while flash density continues to improve, other metrics such as a reliability, endurance, and performance are all declining. As a result, building larger-capacity flash-based SSDs that are reliable enough to be useful in enterprise settings and high-performance enough to justify their cost will become challenging.In this work, we present our empirical data collected from 45 flash chips from 6 manufacturers and examine the performance trends for these raw flash devices as flash scales down in feature size. We use this analysis to predict the performance and cost characteristics of future SSDs. We show that future gains in density will come at significant drops in performance and reliability. As a result, SSD manufacturers and users will face a tough choice in trading off between cost, performance, capacity and reliability.
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents (2004)

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is high among obese children and adolescents, and it increases with worsening obesity. Biomarkers of an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes are already present in these youngsters.
Validation of the MODIS NDVI Products in Different Land-Use Types Using <italic>In Situ</italic> Measurements in the Heihe River Basin (2014)

An evaluation of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) products is essential for their use in scientific studies. We evaluated the accuracy of MODIS NDVI data that were derived from the MOD09GQ and MYD09GQ products using ground-based measurements from nearly one complete growing season (from May 2 to September 28, 2013) for six land-use types in the upper and middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. The spatial heterogeneity and scale effects of the NDVI were analyzed using TM8 images of the observation sites. A comparison of the field measurements showed that the MODIS NDVI data were correlated with the in situ data and had an R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of 0.60-0.98. The semivariance analysis results showed that scale effects were common for MODIS data at a pixel resolution of 250 m for corn, potato, rape, and barley crops. Upscaling the in situ NDVI data using high spatial resolution satellite images can improve the validation accuracy of pixel-level NDVI. The results from this letter provide ground-based NDVI data that are required for the calibration and validation of satellite observations and products.