gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Enantiomerically Pure Adamantylimido Molybdenum Alkylidene Complex. An Effective New Catalyst for Enantioselective Olefin Metathesis (2003)

An enantiomerically pure Mo-based complex that bears an alkylimido ligand is prepared and characterized through NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. Mo complex 4 is the only reported chiral alkylimido catalyst; all previous chiral complexes are arylimido systems. These studies show that the chiral Mo catalyst exists exclusively as the syn isomer and that it offers unique reactivity and selectivity profiles in asymmetric olefin metathesis.
Oxidoreduction of protein thiols in redox regulation (2005)

Protein cysteines can undergo various forms of oxidation, some of them reversible (disulphide formation, glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation). While in the past these were viewed as protein damage in the context of oxidative stress, there is growing interest in oxidoreduction of protein thiols/disulphides as a regulatory mechanism. This review discusses the evolution of the concept of redox regulation from that of oxidative stress and the redox state of protein cysteines in different cellular compartments.
Alignment of Perception Information for Cooperative Perception (2019)

A fundamental for an automated driving car is the awareness of all its surrounding road participants. Current approach to gather this awareness is to sense the environment by on-board sensors, like camera or radar. In the future Vehicle-to-X (V2X) might be able to improve the awareness, due to V2X's communication range superiority compared to the on-board sensors' range. Due to a limited amount of communication partners sharing their own ego states, current research focuses particularly on cooperative perception. This means sharing objects perceived by local on-board sensors of different partners via V2X. In this paper, temporal and spatial alignment of the shared objects is reviewed at track-level. State-of-the-art during the alignment procedure is the compensation of the sender motion in the object state and to perform the coordinate transformation of the object state using the predicted sender state. We propose to use the non-predicted sender state for the transformation and therefore to neglect the sender motion compensation. Finally, both methods are evaluated to figure out the best choice.
A Novel Mode of Regulation of the Staphylococcus aureus Catabolite Control Protein A (CcpA) Mediated by Stk1 Protein Phosphorylation (2012)

The Staphylococcus aureus serine/threonine protein kinase Stk1 (also known as PknB) affects different key pathways such as cell wall metabolism, antibiotic susceptibility, and regulation of virulence. Here we report that the catabolite control protein A (CcpA), a highly conserved regulator of carbon catabolite repression and virulence in a number of gram-positive pathogens, was efficiently phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by Stk1 in S. aureus, whereas the CcpA homologues of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis were not affected by the Stk1 orthologue PrkC. Mass spectrometry and mutational analyses identified Thr-18 and Thr-33 as the phosphoacceptors; both are located in the DNA binding domain of this protein. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that the CcpA DNA binding activity was completely abrogated for the phosphorylated CcpA. The physiological relevance of CcpA phosphorylation was assessed by generating CcpA phosphoablative (T18A/T33A) or phosphomimetic (T18D/T33D) mutants. In contrast to the wild-type and phosphoablative ccpA alleles, introduction of the phosphomimetic ccpA allele in a ΔccpA mutant failed to restore the parental biofilm formation profile and the transcription of citZ and hla to levels seen with the wild type. The strong up regulation of ccpA transcripts and CcpA level in the ccpA mutant trans-complemented with the phosphomimetic CcpA variant suggest furthermore that CcpA acts as a negative regulator of its own expression. Together, these findings demonstrate that Stk1-driven phosphorylation of CcpA inhibits its DNA binding activity toward its regulon in S. aureus, representing a novel regulatory mechanism of CcpA activity in addition to the well known regulation via HprKP/Hpr in this clinically important pathogen.
Causes of Ribes Flavor in Cheese (1967)

Abstract A study has been made of Ribes flavor (or catty flavor) which occurs occasionally in cheese. The flavor defect was found to be caused by 2-mercapto-2-methyl-pentan-4-one. This component is unstable and decomposes during the analysis. Its precursor, mesityl oxide, was isolated from Ribes cheese and identified by GLC, IR-spectrometry, and coupled GLC/mass-spectrometry. This component is absent in normal cheese. Addition of hydrogen sulfide to mesityl oxide takes place easily and leads to the formation of the Ribes flavor component. Its threshold value was determined to be approximately 1:10 10 in refined liquid paraffin. It is not clear how this flavor develops in cheese, but one or more of the following factors may play a part: the cheese coating, the microflora of the cheese rind, the surface of the cheese tray, and conditions in the cheese store.
Support vector machines for TEC seismo-ionospheric anomalies detection (2013)

Abstract. Using time series prediction methods, it is possible to pursue the behaviors of earthquake precursors in the future and to announce early warnings when the differences between the predicted value and the observed value exceed the predefined threshold value. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are widely used due to their many advantages for classification and regression tasks. This study is concerned with investigating the Total Electron Content (TEC) time series by using a SVM to detect seismo-ionospheric anomalous variations induced by the three powerful earthquakes of Tohoku (11 March 2011), Haiti (12 January 2010) and Samoa (29 September 2009). The duration of TEC time series dataset is 49, 46 and 71 days, for Tohoku, Haiti and Samoa earthquakes, respectively, with each at time resolution of 2 h. In the case of Tohoku earthquake, the results show that the difference between the predicted value obtained from the SVM method and the observed value reaches the maximum value (i.e., 129.31 TECU) at earthquake time in a period of high geomagnetic activities. The SVM method detected a considerable number of anomalous occurrences 1 and 2 days prior to the Haiti earthquake and also 1 and 5 days before the Samoa earthquake in a period of low geomagnetic activities. In order to show that the method is acting sensibly with regard to the results extracted during nonevent and event TEC data, i.e., to perform some null-hypothesis tests in which the methods would also be calibrated, the same period of data from the previous year of the Samoa earthquake date has been taken into the account. Further to this, in this study, the detected TEC anomalies using the SVM method were compared to the previous results (Akhoondzadeh and Saradjian, 2011; Akhoondzadeh, 2012) obtained from the mean, median, wavelet and Kalman filter methods. The SVM detected anomalies are similar to those detected using the previous methods. It can be concluded that SVM can be a suitable learning method to detect the novelty changes of a nonlinear time series such as variations of earthquake precursors.
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 2 (FGE.10Rev2): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 (2011)

Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals,
Microfabrication of a gadolinium-derived solid-state sensor for thermal neutrons (2017)

Neutron sensing is critical in civilian and military applications. Conventional neutron sensors are limited by size, weight, cost, portability and helium supply. Here the microfabrication of gadolinium (Gd) conversion material-based heterojunction diodes for detecting thermal neutrons using electrical signals produced by internal conversion electrons (ICEs) is described. Films with negligible stress were produced at the tensile-compressive crossover point, enabling Gd coatings of any desired thickness by controlling the radiofrequency sputtering power and using the zero-point near p(Ar) of 50 mTorr at 100 W. Post-deposition Gd oxidation-induced spallation was eliminated by growing a residual stress-free 50 nm neodymium-doped aluminum cap layer atop Gd. The resultant coatings were stable for at least 6 years, demonstrating excellent stability and product shelf-life. Depositing Gd directly on the diode surface eliminated the air gap, leading to a 200-fold increase in electron capture efficiency and facilitating monolithic microfabrication. The conversion electron spectrum was dominated by ICEs with energies of 72, 132 and 174 keV. Results are reported for neutron reflection and moderation by polyethylene for enhanced sensitivity, and γ- and X-ray elimination for improved specificity. The optimal Gd thickness was 10.4 μm for a 300 μm-thick partially depleted diode of 300 mm2 active surface area. Fast detection (within 10 min) at a neutron source-to-diode distance of 11.7 cm was achieved with this configuration. All ICE energies along with γ-ray and Kα,β X-rays were modeled to emphasize correlations between experiment and theory. Semi-conductor thermal neutron detectors offer advantages for field-sensing of radioactive neutron sources.
A Novel Contrast Medium Detects Increased Permeability of Rat Injured Carotid Arteries in Magnetic Resonance T2 Mapping Imaging (2007)

A novel iron contrast medium enhanced the lesions with increased permeability. The contrast medium in combination with T2 mapping may be useful to detect unstable atherosclerotic plaques.
Development of extraction method of kidneys from abdominal CT images using a three‐dimensional deformable model (2003)

Abstract This paper presents a method of extraction of kidneys from abdominal CT images using a three‐dimensional deformable model. In the proposed method, an initial surface model is located in an appropriate position of the image and deformed to fit the target's boundaries. Shape feature is incorporated into the deformable model through energy function as a priori knowledge of the target. Concretely, principal curvatures of the model surface are adopted to characterize the geometrical features of the target and its mean and covariance with the neighboring shape are considered when the deformation is demonstrated. We have applied the proposed method to extract kidneys from three‐dimensional abdominal CT images. The experimental results are presented and the effectiveness of the method is discussed in this paper. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(5): 25–36, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10268
Inhibition of HBsAg secretion from Alexander cell line by Phyllanthus amarus. (1996)

Alexander cell line, an human hepatocellular carcinoma derived cell line which has the property of secreting HBsAg in the supernatant was used to study the antiviral property of phyllanthus amarus. Aquous extract of Phyllanthus amarus was evaluated for its in vitro ability to inhibit HBsAg secretion on a dose dependent manner. It was seen that P. amarus at 1mg/ml concentration on a single dose inhibited the secretion of HBsAg for a period of 48 hours. This experiment proved the anti hepatitis B virus property of P. amarus at cellular level and further confirmed its beneficial use in the treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis B and healthy carriers of HBV.
Electromagnetic imaging of layered building materials (2001)

Knowledge of the electromagnetic properties of building materials is becoming increasingly important in modern wireless communications due to high demands for indoor communications. This paper describes a free-space time-domain measurement technique, which is based on the principle of ground penetrating radar (GPR), for imaging building materials. The technique can simultaneously determine the constitutive parameters of the layered material being tested, such as the number of layers and the thickness and dielectric constant of each layer. This is achieved by employing an inverse scattering algorithm developed previously. The measurement apparatus and the calibration procedure are described. Results of measurements on standard materials and some building materials are presented and discussed.
UPDATE ON RETINOBLASTOMA (2004)

In Brief As in the majority of ophthalmic subspecialties, standard diagnostic and treatment strategies within ophthalmic oncology change frequently as new studies elucidate the success or failure of previous approaches to patient care. Methods of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of retinoblastoma change even more frequently than for any other benign or malignant intraocular lesion managed by ophthalmic oncologists.
Double heterostructure lasers with facets formed by a hybrid wet and reactive-ion-etching technique (1985)

Double heterostructure lasers were fabricated in which one of the laser facets was produced by a hybrid wet and reactive-ion-etching technique. This technique is suitable for GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructure lasers and utilizes the selectivity of the plasma in preferentially etching GaAs over GaAlAs. Lasers fabricated by this technique are compatible with optoelectronic integration and have threshold currents and quantum efficiency comparable to lasers with both mirrors formed by cleaving. The technique enables the use of relatively higher pressures of noncorrosive gases in the etch plasma resulting in smoother mirror surfaces and further eliminates the nonreproducibility inherent in the etching of GaAlAs layers.
Applications of digital image correlation to biological tissues (2004)

Optical methods are becoming commonplace in investigations of the physical and mechanical behavior of biological tissues. Digital image correlation (DIC) is a versatile optical method that shows tremendous promise for applications involving biological tissues and biomaterials. We present the fundamentals of DIC with an emphasis on the application to biological materials. An approach for surface preparation is described that facilitates its application to hydrated substrates. Three examples are presented that highlight the use of DIC for biomedical research. The first example describes the use of DIC to study the mechanical behavior of arterial tissues up to 40% elongation. The second example describes an evaluation of the mechanical properties of bovine hoof horn in the dehydrated and fully hydrated states. Uniaxial tension experiments are performed to determine the elastic modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio (nu) of both the arterial and dermal tissues. Spatial variations in the mechanical properties are evident from the full-field characterization of both tissues. Finally, an application of DIC to study the evolution of loosening in cemented total hip replacements is described. The noncontact analysis enables measurement of the relative displacement between the bone/bone cement and bone cement/prosthesis interfaces. Based on the elementary optical arrangement, the simple surface preparation, and the ability to acquire displacement/strain measurements over a large range of deformation, DIC should serve as a valuable tool for biomedical research. Further developments will enable the use of DIC for in vivo applications.
Identification of superconducting phases in a new structural series TlBa<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>n-1</sub>Cu<sub>n</sub>O<sub>2n+(3-x)</sub>by transmission electron microscopy (1988)

Two phases have been identified in the multiphase compounds of TlBaCaCuOx with a superconducting temperature of 72.5 K. Both phases are weakly modulated incommensurately in the (100) and (010) directions. Their basic lattices are tetragonal, with space group P4/mmm and lattice parameters of a=0.387 nm, c=1.29 nm and a=0.387 nm, c=0.99 nm. These two phases and the recently reported TlBa2Ca2Cu3Ox are members of a new structural series TlBa2Can-1CunO2n+(3-x).
CO<sub>2</sub>sequestration by enzyme immobilized onto bioinspired silica (2012)

We present the first report on bioinspired silica - produced using a green method - supported carbonic anhydrase for carbon capture and demonstrate significantly improved carbon capture efficiency and stability relevant to flue gas temperatures.
Low roundoff noise augmented IIR filters based on normal realization (1992)

As second-order normal subfilters can be expressed as first-order complex subfilters, the authors decompose IIR digital filters into a parallel combination of first-order complex subfilters, in which each subfilter is augmented with one complex pole-zero cancellation pair and realized in complex direct form II. Under the l/sub 2/ dynamic range constraint, explicit expressions for the optimal complex pole-zero cancellation pair and the minimum roundoff noise of complex augmented subfilters are derived. Compared to normal realization, the noise reduction of this optimal complex augmented realization approaches its upper bound of about 6 dB as the desired filter bandwidth decreases. In addition, several suboptimal realizations are investigated and shown to achieve a greater performance-to-cost ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real-Time Determination of Aromatics in Automobile Exhaust by Single-Photon Ionization Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (1998)

Instrumentation was constructed for the determination of oxygenates and aromatics by single-photon ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (SPI-ITMS) with a direct-sampling interface for application to real-time automotive exhaust measurements. Vacuum ultraviolet light at 118 nm was produced by focusing 355-nm pulses from a Nd:YAG laser into a gas cell containing xenon and passing them through ports in the ring electrode of a modified commercial ion trap mass spectrometer. The direct-sampling system consisted of a heated capillary interface with a pulsed valve. Good ionization efficiency was observed for analytes with ionization potentials (IPs) below 10.1 eV, with most molecules yielding molecular ions as the most abundant ionization product. SPI provides significant selectivity against interferences with IPs greater than 10.5 eV. Tandem mass spectrometry was employed to distinguish between analytes that produced isobaric base peaks via SPI. Detection limits between 0.03 and 0.2 ppm were obtained for seven compounds by SPI, with precision of 50% at 1 ppm, a time resolution of 5 s, and a linear dynamic range of 2−3 orders of magnitude. Accuracy was verified by the simultaneous determination of six compounds at ∼1 ppm in a gas mixture standard. Real-time analysis of automobile exhaust by SPI-ITMS demonstrated the potential of the system for emissions measurements.
A Field Guide to Wildflowers (1968)

Guidelines on the treatment of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the penis are limited to a few prospective trials. Cisplatin-based regimens represent the standard of treatment with promising activity of taxanes. Recently, epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression has been shown in these patients. We treated an elderly man with a docetaxel-cetuximab combination after failure of the cisplatin regimen. We observed a necrosis of the inguinal lymph nodes and a reduction of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at PET/CT scan. Only mild mucositis and skin toxicity had been detected. Our case report, the first in the literature, shows that this combination is active and well tolerated in penile squamous cell carcinoma.
Accessing information and services on the DAML enabled web (2001)

Querying the Web today can be a frustrating activity because the results delivered by syntactically oriented search engines often do not match the intentions of the user. The DARPA DAML project aims at overcoming this problem by allowing webpages to be marked up in a way that indicates the meaning of the content. In this paper we present our vision of a DAML-enabled search architecture. We present a set of queries of increasing complexity that should be answered efficiently in a Semantic Web. We describe several scenarios illustrating how queries are processed, identifying the main software components necessary to facilitate the search. We examine the issue of inference in search, and we address how to characterize procedures and services in DAML, enabling a DAML query language to find websites with specified capabilities.
Site-directed mutagenesis of <i>β</i>-lactamase I: role of Glu-166 (1994)

Two Glu-166 mutants of beta-lactamase I from Bacillus cereus 569/H were constructed: one with a lengthened side chain (E166Cmc, the S-carboxymethylcysteine mutant) and the other with the side chain shortened and made non-polar (E166A). Their kinetic properties were studied and compared with those of the wild-type and the E166D mutant (with a shortened side chain) previously made by Gibson, Christensen and Waley (1990) (Biochem. J. 272, 613-619). Surprisingly, with good penicillin substrates, Km, kcat. and kcat./Km of the two conservative mutants (E166Cmc and E166D) are similar to those of the non-conservative mutant E166A. Their kcat. values are 3000-fold lower than that of the wild-type enzyme, showing that Glu-166 is a very important residue. The acylenzyme intermediate of E166A and a good substrate, penicillin V, was trapped by acid-quench and observed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, suggesting that Glu-166 is more important in catalysing the deacylation step than the acylation step. The beta-lactamase I E166A mutant is about 200-fold more active than the Bacillus licheniformis E166A mutant with nitrocefin or 6 beta-furylacryloyl-amidopenicillanic acid as substrate. This suggested that other groups in the active site of the beta-lactamase I mutant may activate the catalytic water molecule for deacylation.
Light Shifts in the Alkali Atoms (1968)

Quantitative formulas for computing the light shift due to virtual transitions in any alkali atom are presented. The theoretically calculated light shifts for ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ are compared with experimentally measured light shifts, and good quantitative agreement is obtained.
Source localization in range and depth in an Arctic environment (1985)

A fixed cw source in the Central Arctic was accurately localized in range and depth using wave-based full-field ambiguity function techniques. The data were taken during the Fram IV experiment, utilizing a vertical array spanning the upper 960 m of a deep-water environment (generally greater than 2800 m) and a high SNR signal from a 20-Hz source at a distance of 270 km from the array, both suspended from the ice cover. The predicted field was computed using a fast field program. Both a linear correlation of the predicted field with the received field and a maximum likelihood method (MLM) estimator correctly localized the source. The MLM estimator produced sidelobes significantly below the main peak, while the linear correlator produced sidelobes sufficiently large to be taken as false targets. The linear processor, however, was less sensitive to mismatch between the predicted and measured field. Array gain for the linear estimator was found to be 2 dB higher than for a conventional plane-wave beamformer.
Clinical Evaluation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Rapid Detection of Neisseria meningitidis in Cerebrospinal Fluid (2015)

Compared to PCR, LAMP detected Nm with higher analytical and clinical sensitivity. This sensitive and specific LAMP method offers significant advantages for screening patients on a population basis and for diagnosis in clinical settings.