gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Dawning of the Age of Dynamic Theory: Its Implications for Agricultural Economics Research and Teaching (1989)

The opportunity to present a presidential address provides a rare and unique opportunity. It is perhaps the only time one gets to speak to the profession without your material either being reviewed and corrected before its presentation, or reviewed and corrected by a discussant after your presentation. Indeed the freedom that a presidential address offers takes a little getting used to, but it provides a wonderful opportunity to express one's biases. To you, the members of the profession who took the risk to allow me this opportunity, let me say thank you. I have chosen to use this opportunity to address a topic that I think provides one of the most exciting and potentially productive challenges our profession will face in our lifetimes, that is “The Dawning of the Age of Dynamic Theory.”
The absorption of ammonia from the rumen of the sheep (1948)

Research Article| January 01 1948 The absorption of ammonia from the rumen of the sheep I. W. McDonald I. W. McDonald 1Biochemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1948 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1948 Biochem J (1948) 42 (4): 584–587. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0420584 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation I. W. McDonald; The absorption of ammonia from the rumen of the sheep. Biochem J 1 January 1948; 42 (4): 584–587. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0420584 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1948 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1948 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Investigation on MOCVD CoSi<inf>2</inf> process for reduction of contact resistance at metal-silicon interface (2011)

A cobalt silicide process under various conditions on deposition of MOCVD Co and silicidation was investigated, and the best optimized condition of silicidation on physical profile and electrical performance of cobalt silicide in DRAM device has been suggested in this paper. We could obtained the best condition by statistical analysis of the physical profiles of CoSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> layer on blanket and patterned wafer with various conditions of CoSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> formation. CoSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> with different conditions of as-deposited cobalt thickness and 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> RTA temperature was applied to 44nm device in order to evaluate contact resistance and junction BV. The improvement of contact resistance on N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> active silicon and N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> /p junction BV with increase of cobalt thickness and decrease of 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> RTA temperature was achieved. In addition, electrical performances on vertical gate memory device will be presented at this conference.
Microbial transformations of antimicrobial quinolones and related drugs (2012)

The quinolones are an important group of synthetic antimicrobial drugs used for treating bacterial diseases of humans and animals. Microorganisms transform antimicrobial quinolones (including fluoroquinolones) and the pharmacologically related naphthyridones, pyranoacridones, and cinnolones to a variety of metabolites. The biotransformation processes involve hydroxylation of methyl groups; hydroxylation of aliphatic and aromatic rings; oxidation of alcohols and amines; reduction of carboxyl groups; removal of methyl, carboxyl, fluoro, and cyano groups; addition of formyl, acetyl, nitrosyl, and cyclopentenone groups; and cleavage of aliphatic and aromatic rings. Most of these reactions greatly reduce or eliminate the antimicrobial activity of the quinolones.
Advantages of Parallel Processing and the Effects of Communications Time (2000)

Many computing tasks involve heavy mathematical calculations, or analyzing large amounts of data. These operations can take a long time to complete using only one computer. Networks such as the Internet provide many computers with the ability to communicate with each other. Parallel or distributed computing takes advantage of these networked computers by arranging them to work together on a problem, thereby reducing the time needed to obtain the solution. The drawback to using a network of computers to solve a problem is the time wasted in communicating between the various hosts. The application of distributed computing techniques to a space environment or to use over a satellite network would therefore be limited by the amount of time needed to send data across the network, which would typically take much longer than on a terrestrial network. This experiment shows how much faster a large job can be performed by adding more computers to the task, what role communications time plays in the total execution time, and the impact a long-delay network has on a distributed computing system. 1.
The region of the incN plasmid R46 coding for resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, streptomycin/spectinomycin and sulphonamides is closely related to antibiotic resistance segments found In IncW plasm ids and in Tn21-like transposons (1987)

The nucleotide sequence of a 2.5 kb segment of the pKM101 (R46) genome has been determined. The 1.3 kb from a BamHI site at 153 to base 1440 differs by only 2 bases from a part of the published sequence of the aadB (gentamicin resistance) gene region including the coding region for the N-terminal 70 amino acids of the predicted aadB product. The same sequence has been found 5'-to the dhfrII gene of R388 and to the aadA gene of Tn21 (R538-1). Three open reading frames are located in this region, two on the same strand as the resistance genes and one on the complementary strand. The latter predicts a polypeptide of 337 amino acids, whose N-terminal segment is 40% homologous to the predicted product of an open reading frame of 179 amino acids located next to the dhfrI gene of Tn7. The oxa2 (oxacillin resistance) gene predicts a long polypeptide commencing with (the N-terminal) 70 amino acids of the aadB product. A similar arrangement is found in the aadA gene of R538-1. The N-terminal segment of an aadA gene is located 3'- to oxa2, separated by 36 bases. Sequences surrounding the BamHI site are identical to sequences 5'- to the tnpM gene of Tn21 and homology ceases where homology between Tn21 and Tn501 commences. The possibility that this antibiotic resistance segment is a discrete mobile DNA element is discussed.
First ring-opening metathesis polymerization in an ionic liquid. Efficient recycling of a catalyst generated from a cationic ruthenium allenylidene complex (2002)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene was carried out in a biphasic medium consisting of the ionic liquid [bdmim][PF6] and toluene with a cationic ruthenium allenylidene precatalyst. The ionic liquid contained the ruthenium allenylidene complex and toluene dissolved the formed polymer. Both the catalyst and the ionic liquid were reused several times and led to very good polymer yields.
An Analysis of Default Correlations and Multiple Defaults (2001)

Evaluating default correlations or the probabilities of default by more than one firm is an important task in credit analysis, derivatives pricing, and risk management. However, default correlations cannot be measured directly, multiple-default modeling is technically difficult, and most existing credit models cannot be applied to analyze multiple defaults. This article develops a first-passage-time model, providing an analytical formula for calculating default correlations that is easily implemented and conveniently used for a variety of financial applications. The model also provides a theoretical justification for several empirical regularities in the credit risk literature.
Identifying family violence: a community prototype incorporating Native Hawaiian values and practices. (1996)

The manual, Identifying Family Violence: A Community Prototype Incorporating Native Hawaiian Values and Practices is a pioneering effort which health care professionals can adapt, expand, or refine in their work with Hawaiians and non-Hawaiians as well. Our assumption is that a culturally integrated approach is a necessary component of a community's strategy to address this escalating problem. Family violence is a virus which threatens all of us. It weakens the pohai ke aloha (circle of aloha) which binds the family together. When the pohai ke aloha is weakened, each family member's mana (vital force) declines. When a familys mana is in decline, the lokahi (harmony) within the family and our community is disrupted. We, as a community, a society, a nation, cannot afford to stand by and condone violence within the family. Ultimately, we all suffer when our families are hurting. Hana pono ka puuwai malamalama.. An enlightened heart acts accordingly.
Interference alignment via alternating minimization (2009)

Using interference alignment, it has been shown that the number of degrees of freedom in the interference channel scales linearly with the number of users. Unfortunately, closed-form solutions for interference alignment over constant-coefficient channels with more than 3 users are difficult to derive. This paper proposes an algorithm for interference alignment in the MIMO interference channel with an arbitrary number of users, antennas, or spatial streams. The algorithm is an alternating minimization over the precoding matrices at the transmitters and the interference subspaces at the receivers, and is proven to converge. Numerical results show how the algorithm is useful for simulation and can give insight into the limitations of interference alignment.
Report from the German Branch (F.D.R.) (1966)

(1966). Report from the German Branch (F.D.R.) World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 112-112.
Tabaco: Placer o enfermedad (2018)

EI tabaco es una planta de la familia de las solaceces que forma el Género Nicotiana. La especie más importante se llama Nícotíca Tabacum: es originaria de América. Sus hojas secas y preparadas se fuman en diversos productos. Fue descubierto en Cuba, a orillas del río Caunao (Noviembre 1492) por Rodrígo de Jerez y Jesús de Torres, dos marineros de la primera expedición de Colón.Un monje franciscano que acompañó al Almirante, en el segundo viaje (1493), notó que los indígenas aspiraban y fumaban un polvillo fino de tabaco. Ellos llamaban Cohiba, Cogíba o Coviva a las plantas, y deben el nombre de Tabaca o Tobago a unas pipas artísticamente concebidas, donde fumaban con propósitos ceremoniales y medicinales, como un símbolo.
A MEMS-based electrostatically tunable circular microstrip patch antenna (2006)

This paper reports a MEMS-based electrostatically tunable circular microstrip patch antenna. This antenna is fabricated using printed circuit processing techniques. The microstrip patch antenna is patterned on the top side of a Kapton polyimide film which is suspended above the ground plane. The resonant frequency of the antenna is tuned electrostatically by applying a dc bias voltage between the patch and the ground plane. The movable patch deflects downward toward the fixed ground plane due to electrostatic force of attraction caused by the applied dc bias voltage. This deflection decreases the air gap thereby increasing the effective permittivity of the antenna. This increase in effective permittivity results in a downward shift in the resonant frequency. The patch is inductively coupled to a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed line via a slot in the ground plane. A 6 mm diameter circular patch antenna tunable from 16.91 GHz at 0 V to 16.64 GHz at 165 V, a tuning range of 270 MHz, is presented in this paper.
Mapping formation radial shear-wave velocity variation by a constrained inversion of borehole flexural-wave dispersion data (2010)

Abstract We have developed a novel constrained inversion method for estimating a radial shear-wave velocity profile away from the wellbore using dipole acoustic logging data and have analyzed the effect of the radial velocity changes on dipole-flexural-wave dispersion characteristics. The inversion of the dispersion data to estimate the radial changes is inherently a nonunique problem because changing the degree of variation or the radial size of the variation zone can produce similar wave-dispersion characteristics. Nonuniqueness can be solved by developing a constrained inversion method. This is done by constraining the high-frequency portion of the model dispersion curve with another curve calculated using the near-borehole velocity. The constraint condition is based on the physical principle that a high-frequency dipole wave has a shallow penetration depth and is therefore sensitive to the near-borehole shear-wave velocity. We have validated the result of the constrained inversion with synthetic data testing. Combining the new inversion method with four-component crossed-dipole anisotropy processing obtains shear radial profiles in fast and slow shear polarization directions. In a sandstone formation, the fast and slow shear-wave profiles show substantial differences caused by the near-borehole stress field, demonstrating the ability of the technique to obtain radial and azimuthal geomechanical property changes near the wellbore.
Über Verbindungen mit Urotropin‐Struktur, XVI. Beiträge zur Chemie der Adamantyl‐(1)‐Derivate (1960)

Für die Bromierung des Adamantans wird ein Ionenmechanismus wahrscheinlich gemacht. Die Kinetik der Solvolyse des 1-Brom-adamantans wurde ermittelt. 1-Amino-adamantan konnte durch die Ritter-Reaktion von 1-Brom-adamantan mit Acetonitril und die alkalische Verseifung des so gewonnenen 1-Acetamino-adamantans erhalten werden. Auf einem zweiten Wege wurde die Base durch Hofmann-Abbau von Adamantan-carbonsäure-(1)-amid hergestellt. Es werden Reaktionen des Amins und seiner Derivate beschrieben.
Effects of γ-Ray Irradiation upon Milk and Milk Proteins (1968)

Changes in digestion of γ-irradiated casein solution by trypsin, rennet, papain and pepsin were studied.Temperatures during irradiation were at 20, 0 and -78°C.Amount of free tyrosine (Tyr) and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) which had been degraded from casein, increased progressively during irradiation.Four enzymes liberated highly less amounts of Tyr and NPN from casein irradiated at 20 and 0°C up to 2.4 Mrads than from non-irradiated ones. After irradiation at -78°C liberation of Tyr and NPN by these enzymes decreased slightlycompared with that of non-irradiated casein. There were less amounts of Tyr and NPN liberated after irradiation with dose of 2.4 Mrads at 0°C than those at 20°C.
Implications for Atypical Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Schizophrenia: Neurocognition Effects and a Neuroprotective Hypothesis (2004)

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia occurs in the early phases of the disease and remains throughout its course. The basis for cognition lies in two main brain regions: the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Positron emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and proton magnetic spectroscopy studies have shown that prefrontal cortex and hippocampus activity and cell density are lower in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls. Dopamine remains the fundamental neurotransmitter involved with schizophrenia. Catechol- O -methyltransferase accounts for about 60% of dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex. Functional polymorphism for the catechol- O -methyltransferase genotypes has been identified in patients with schizophrenia. Those with the valine-valine genotype demonstrate rapid inactivation of dopamine, and performance in cognitive testing in patients is poorer with this allele than with other genotypes. N -methyl-D-aspartate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate acid receptors are also strongly associated with cognitive impairment. Changes occur in apolipoproteins D and E, cholinesterase enzyme activity, neurotensin, and neural growth factors, leading to a possible neurodegenerative process and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia. A fundamental link between psychosis and neurocognition probably arises from complex interactions between these systems at the intracellular secondary messenger system and with protein phosphorylation. Atypical antipsychotics evaluated in receptor models, cell cultures, and animal behavior paradigms indicate that these agents may provide neuroprotective effects. Clinical studies with atypical antipsychotics have consistently demonstrated improvement in cognitive symptoms, and such improvement appears to be correlated with improvement of negative symptoms. A neurodevelopmental model of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia aids in understanding why atypical antipsychotics improve cognitive symptoms.
L-band Lamb mode resonators in Gallium Nitride MMIC technology (2014)

We present a theoretical and experimental study of L-band (1–2 GHz) Lamb mode resonators in Gallium Nitride (GaN) monolithic microwave IC technology. These resonators leverage Au-free metallization and optimized anchors, enabling f·Q products up to 5.5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> , the highest reported in GaN resonators to date. These devices also demonstrate the highest electromechanical coupling (keff <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of 0.39%) measured in GaN resonators using an interdigitated transducer in the absence of a bottom electrode. Achieving such high values of f·Q and keff <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , these GaN MEMS resonators can enable channel select filters for wireless communications, with wide bandwidth tuning capabilities (0.18–0.8 MHz) at 1–2 GHz range.
Nominal design of integrated circuits on circuit level by an interactive improvement method (1988)

A generalized approach is introduced for the nominal design of integrated circuits using parametric optimization. The optimization method consists of several interactive improvement steps based on circuit simulation and gradient evaluation techniques. Both the overdetermined and underdetermined optimization problems arising from different design situations are discussed. Criteria are given to deduce a set of linearly independent parameters and objectives specifying the circuit's behavior and reducing computation time. As a central assessment criterion of the improvement process, a standardization representation of the relationship between the prospective correction effect and the correction effort is used. A circuit example is used to illustrate the proposed optimization strategy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Achromatic and chromatic sensation as a function of color temperature and retinal illuminance (1993)

Changes in color appearance with retinal illuminance were studied by scaling the achromatic, yellow, and blue sensation components for test lights with color temperatures from 3041 to 8650 K at 4.10, 2.18, and 0.33 log Td. At 4.10 log Td two observers showed similar pure whites (4823 and 5258 K) and narrow transition zones (1502 and 969 K) from yellow to blue chromatic response categories. The relative amounts of yellow, blue, and white varied with color temperature in a similar manner for both observers. One observer maintained similar absolute whites and transition zones for all illuminances. For the second observer the transition zone broadened and shifted to higher color temperatures as illuminance decreased. At color temperatures both above and below the transition zone chromatic saturation was greatest at the intermediate illuminance. The loss of saturation at 0.33 and 4.10 log Td is consistent with the observation that as the illuminance of a spectral color is raised above threshold, saturation increases to a maximum and then falls. Our findings reinforce the notion that at relatively low illuminances chromatic responses increase with increasing illuminance more rapidly than achromatic responses and that the opposite is true at high illuminances.
Nonpolar<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">GaN</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>11</mml:mn><mml:mn/><mml:mi>¯</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math>multiple quantum wells grown on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">LiAlO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mn/><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>100</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mn/></mml:math>by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (2003)

$M$-plane ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.9}\mathrm{N}(11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}00)$ multiple quantum wells were grown on $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{LiAlO}}_{2}(100)$ by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The high brightness of the photoluminescence of these multiple quantum wells and the observation of band-edge emission from the barriers are consistent with the expected absence of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization fields along the growth direction. Despite this fact, the recombination dynamics observed is rather complex and is shown to originate from the superposition of exciton relaxation towards a band of localized states and simultaneous recombination.