gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smokeless tobacco and smoking cessation: a program evaluation. (2000)

During the 1998 mid-winter Board of Directors meeting in Tampa, Florida, the leaders of the Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Nurses (SOHN) discussed the vision and mission of SOHN. Part of the vision that emerged was a long-overdue educational program on smoking cessation. SOHN members wanted a self-contained program to use in their clinical practice or in the community that was simple, easy, and comprehensive. In response to this request, a program was developed and presented at the 1999 SOHN Spring Seminar and repeated at the 1999 SOHN Annual Congress. Program participants increased their knowledge on the subject and expressed positive attitudes about utilizing their knowledge as assessed by two novel evaluation tools. This paper discusses the process of tool development and use as well as the detailed responses of the participants. Directions for future training programs and strategies for increasing implementation of smoking cessation programs in otorhinolaryngology (ORL) nursing practice are also discussed.
A simplified signed powers-of-two conversion for multiplierless adaptive filters (2002)

A simplified binary to signed-powers-of-two (SPT) conversion circuit for multiplierless adaptive filters is presented. The proposed conversion algorithm does not have a carry propagate chain, which is inherent in conventional SPT conversion algorithms that give minimal representation. The proposed algorithm a therefore highly suitable for use in high-speed systems. The numbers representable by our proposed conversion algorithm are only slightly fewer than those representable by the optimal SPT conversion. For adaptive filtering applications, due to the adaptive nature of the coefficients, the performance of the filters employing our proposed and the optimal SPT conversion is comparable. This is verified with simulation results for two examples.
X-Ray Photoconductive Nanocomposites (1996)

The successful development of digital radiography depends, to a large extent, on the availability of suitable x-ray photoconductors. The x-ray photoconductive nanocomposites reported here combine the advantages of both inorganic and organic compounds. An inorganic compound was finely dispersed in an organic polymer. The inorganic compound, with its large x-ray absorption efficiency, functioned as the x-ray absorber, and the polymer provided good dielectric properties and ease of thin-film preparation. The preparation procedures and the x-ray photoconductive properties of a specific example, a 50 percent by weight nanocomposite of bismuth triiodide and nylon-11, are discussed in detail.
Color equalization method and its application to color image processing (1986)

A method of digital color-image processing is described that leads to the equalization of the brightness histogram and of conditional saturation histograms for each hue area. Means for solving problems that arise in the practical realization of the method are considered. Color equalization can be directly used for preparation of color images for interpretation and for the enhancement of color pictures for visual quality. In the first case, application of the method can result in an increase of the visibility of objects that are initially almost indistinguishable. In the second case it leads to multicolored pictures with unchanged color features.
THE ACTION OF FATTY ACIDS ON CELLULOSE<sup>1</sup> (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF FATTY ACIDS ON CELLULOSE1C. J. Malm and H. T. ClarkeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 1, 274–278Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1929https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01376a036RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (286 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
<i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i>Stimulates Intestinal Immunoglobulin A Immune Response to<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Toxin A in Mice (2001)

Saccharomyces boulardii is a nonpathogenic yeast that protects against antibiotic-associated diarrhea and recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis. The administration of C. difficile toxoid A by gavage to S. boulardii-fed BALB/c mice caused a 1.8-fold increase in total small intestinal immunoglobulin A levels (P = 0.003) and a 4.4-fold increase in specific intestinal anti-toxin A levels (P < 0.001). Enhancing host intestinal immune responses may be an important mechanism for S. boulardii-mediated protection against diarrheal illnesses.
16 Poly(A) Metabolism and Translation: The Closed-loop Model (1996)

More than two decades ago, experiments on the ribonuclease susceptibility of different RNAs led to the realization that uninterrupted tracts of polyadenylic acid (poly[A]) are present within eukaryotic messenger RNAs (Lim and Canellakis 1970; Darnell et al. 1971a,b; Edmonds et al. 1971; Kates 1971; Lee et al. 1971). It is now well recognized that almost all mRNAs whose biosynthesis originates within nuclei contain a 3′ poly(A) tail. Poly(A) sequences are not encoded within genes (Philipson et al. 1971; Birnboim et al. 1973; Jacobson et al. 1974) but are added to nascent pre-mRNAs in a processing reaction that involves site-specific cleavage and subsequent polyadenylation. The site of cleavage is determined by a highly conserved AAUAAA sequence usually 5–30 nucleotides 5′ to the site and by other less well-conserved sequences 3′, and sometimes 5′, to the site. Cleavage and polyadenylation are dependent on poly(A) polymerase and several other factors that impart specificity and processivity to the reaction. For reviews on the sequence and factor requirements of polyadenylation, see Wickens (1990), Proudfoot (1991), Wahle and Keller (1992), and Manley and Proudfoot (1994). Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that a large fraction of newly synthesized nuclear poly(A) was conserved in cytoplasmic mRNA (Puckett et al. 1975). These experiments provided early support for the notion that heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) was the precursor to mRNA and also forced the conclusion that at least one function of poly(A) must be cytoplasmic. Evidence that the latter conclusion had merit is presented in this chapter, where I consider the...
Phenotypic Tolerance: The Search for β-Lactam Antibiotics That Kill Nongrowing Bacteria (1986)

beta-Lactam antibiotics rapidly kill bacteria during logarithmic growth but fail to kill nongrowing cells. This trait is the most universal example of phenotypic tolerance (the ability of bacteria to evade the bactericidal activity of antibiotics). Both nongrowing and slowly growing bacteria are found very frequently during infection in vivo, and phenotypic tolerance to the bactericidal activity of antibiotics as a consequence of reduced growth rate can be detected in vivo. With the use of an in vitro model system of nongrowing bacteria, a select group of beta-lactam antibiotics has been found that demonstrates a striking and unusual ability to kill nongrowing bacteria despite phenotypic tolerance to conventional beta-lactam antibiotics. These same compounds also effectively kill phenotypically tolerant cells in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. The extension of bactericidal activity to nongrowing and slowly growing bacteria may be a major advance in efforts to improve the chemotherapy for infectious diseases.
Synthesis of 4,4′‐divinyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (1990)

Abstract 4,4′‐Divinyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine ( 2 ) was prepared in 12% overall yield from 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine ( 3 ) via a 5 step reaction sequence involving the intermediate 4,4′‐R 2 ‐2,2′‐bipyridines: R = COOH, 4 ; CO 2 CH 3 , 5 ; CH 2 OH, 6 ; CHO, 7 . The newly synthesized compounds 2, 6 and 7 were characterized by melting point, infrared, 1 H nmr, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis.
On the Mechanism of Inhibition of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by the Anticonvulsant MK-801 Investigated by Laser-Pulse Photolysis in the Microsecond-to-Millisecond Time Region (1999)

The mechanism of inhibition of the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is of interest because of the many drugs which are known to modify its function. The laser-pulse photolysis technique, using a photolabile, biologically inert ligand (caged carbamoylcholine) for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and BC3H1 cells have been used to investigate the mechanism of inhibition of the receptor by MK-801 [(+)-dizocilpine] in the microsecond-to-millisecond time region. MK-801 is an anticonvulsant and a known inhibitor of the N-methyl-D-aspartate and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Both the chemical kinetic and the single-channel current-recording measurements reported here indicate the existence of two inhibition processes, one occurring within 50 ms and the other within about 1 s of equilibration of the receptor with the inhibitor. Unless stated otherwise, here we characterize the receptor inhibition observed when MK-801 is equilibrated with the receptor for only 50 ms. We determined the effect of MK-801 on the concentration of the open receptor-channels and the apparent dissociation constant of the inhibitor from the closed-channel (KI(obs) = 180 microM) and open-channel ( = 950 microM) forms. Within a few milliseconds after inhibitor binding, decreases to about 100 microM, due to an inhibitor-induced isomerization to an inactive receptor form. A mechanism that incorporates the new results is proposed. It includes the formation of an ion-conducting receptor:inhibitor complex with a channel-opening equilibrium constant that is unfavorable compared to the open-channel receptor form in the absence of inhibitor. In the MK-801 concentration range of 0-500 microM, this mechanism accounts for the observed MK-801-induced decrease in the concentration of open channels. At high concentrations of carbamoylcholine, when the receptor is mainly in the open-channel form, the conducting receptor:inhibitor complex isomerizes to a nonconducting state with a rate constant of about 2400 s-1 for the forward reaction and 230 s-1 for the back reaction. It is shown that the proposed new mechanism, based on transient kinetic measurements, also accounts for the results of previous investigations with other inhibitors (procaine, cocaine), which were carried out under both pre-steady-state and equilibrium conditions. A compound that binds to the same regulatory site on the receptor as MK-801 but does not affect the channel-opening equilibrium constant may have considerable use in protecting an organism from the effects of abused drugs.
Cassis: detection of genomic rearrangement breakpoints (2010)

Perl and R scripts are freely available for download at http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/software/Cassis/. Documentation with methodological background, technical aspects, download and setup instructions, as well as examples of applications are available together with the package. The package was tested on Linux and Mac OS environments and is distributed under the GNU GPL License.
Selective Reinforcement of Aluminum I-Beams with Graphite-Aluminum Composite Wire (1976)

Abstract : Standard 6061 aluminum I-beams were selectively reinforced on the flanges with single strand T50 graphite/6061 aluminum composite wire reinforcements by utilizing a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process. Preliminary mechanical hot pressing trials on graphite-aluminum sandwich construction panels were conducted to investigate the effects of both solid and liquid state processing parameters on composite flexural properties. Mechanical test data on these panels indicated that solid state bonding conditions resulted in higher flexural strength and modulus than liquid state conditions. Based on these results, lay-up and containment was designed to hot isostatically press in the solid state 0.040 inch (0.102 cm.) thick graphite-aluminum layers to the flanges of four standard 6061 aluminum I-beams. Metallographic examination of sections from the HIP processed I-beams showed consolidation had been achieved between the graphite-aluminum composite wires and to the I-beam flange interfaces. However, some sections showed micro-cracks within the composite layers and at the composite layer/I-beam flange interface due to high residual stresses induced during thermal contraction of the I-beam upon cooling from the HIP processing temperature.
The effect of oxygen on diamond synthesis in a microwave plasma jet (1992)

Although the effect of oxygen on diamond synthesis has been reported in many papers, the exact role of oxygen has not been clarified yet. The effect of oxygen on diamond synthesis in a microwave plasma jet is investigated and an attempt is made to find out the exact role of oxygen by using optical emission spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectroscopy. The results reveal that oxygen removes C2H2 selectively in a boundary layer by producing CO, and clarify the importance of the CHx to C2H2 ratio at the place. Therefore, oxygen seems to form an advantageous environment for diamond synthesis rather than accelerate the removal of nondiamond carbons.
Signal transduction and actin filament organization (1996)

Small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family appear to integrate extracellular signals from diverse receptor types and initiate rearrangements of F-actin. Active members of the Rho family, Rho and Rac, are now joined by Cdc42 which induces filopodia. Downstream of the Rho family proteins, actin polymerization may be induced by an increase in the availability of actin filament barbed ends. Actin organization may be affected by exposure of actin-binding sites on proteins such as vinculin and ezrin.
A noncompliant, high pressure balloon to manage undilatable coronary lesions (2010)

Undilatable coronary lesions, due to coronary calcification, are encountered with increasing frequency. Percutaneous intervention of such lesions comes with the risk of stent underexpansion, which increases the risk of stent thrombosis and restenosis. A variety of techniques and devices are available to assist the interventionist in the treatment of calcified lesions. The OPN NC (SIS-Medical AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) is a high-pressure balloon (rated burst pressure 35 atm) that uses a novel, twin-layer balloon technology to ensure uniform balloon expansion, eliminating "dog-boning." We report four cases of successful treatment of calcified lesions with the OPN NC balloon after dilatation with standard noncompliant balloons to high-pressure failed.
Topical hyperbaric oxygen and low energy laser therapy for chronic diabetic foot ulcers resistant to conventional treatment. (2001)

Chronic foot ulcers are common in long-standing diabetes, may herald severe complications and are often resistant to therapy. To evaluate the effects of adjunctive topical hyperbaric oxygen treatment (THBO) and low energy laser (LEL) irradiation on ulcer healing, a 100 consecutive patients with chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) refractory to 4.5 +/- 1.2 months of comprehensive treatment, were enrolled in a prospective open study. While conventional treatment was continued as necessary, THBO was administered by pumping 100 percent oxygen into a disposable sealed polythylene hyperbaric chamber (150 min x 2 to 3/wk at up to 1.04 atm). Helium-neon LEL irradiation was given concurrently using a Unilaser Scan Unit at 4 J/cm2 for 20 min. Some patients continued THBO at home or their treatment was confined to THBO at home. Patients were monitored every two weeks revealing 81 percent cure after 25 +/- 13 treatments over 3.2 +/- 1.7 months. On follow-up (median 18 months), only 3/81 (4 percent) had reulceration, which responded to THBO/LEL retreatment. Nonresponders had significantly lower ankle brachial indices (ABI) than patients whose ulcers were healed (0.55 vs. 0.78, p < 0.01) and ultimately required amputation. Patient compliance was full and no adverse events occurred. In conclusion, although the study was open and uncontrolled, an 81 percent healing of DFU in patients who previously did not respond to a comprehensive treatment program, constitutes an intriguing preliminary result. Thus, THBO/LEL therapy may be a safe, simple, and inexpensive early adjunctive treatment for patients with chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Our findings should prompt its evaluation by large randomized controlled trials.
Selective Inhibition of 5‐HT <sub>7</sub> Receptor Reduces CGRP Release in an Experimental Model for Migraine (2010)

Selective inhibition of 5-HT(7) receptors partly reduced CGRP release evoked by TGES. These findings suggest that 5-HT(7) receptors may play a role in the pathophysiology of migraine.
Disulfiram treatment for cocaine dependence in methadone‐maintained opioid addicts (2000)

Disulfiram may be an effective pharmacotherapy for cocaine abuse among methadone-maintained opioid addicts, even in those individuals without co-morbid alcohol abuse. Disulfiram inhibits dopamine beta-hydroxylase resulting in an excess of dopamine and decreased synthesis of norepinephrine. Since cocaine is a potent catecholamine re-uptake inhibitor, disulfiram may blunt cocaine craving or alter the "high", resulting in a decreased desire to use cocaine.
American options under uncertain volatility (2002)

The uncertain volatility approach to financial derivatives is extended to American options (which allow early exercise before expiry). The requirement to model at the portfolio level made necessary by the non-linearity of the approach is found to lead to a recursive structure to the exercise possibilities across options. Other novel features include: the optimality sometimes of partial exercise; an interesting resolution to the issues surrounding short options whose exercise is controlled by a buyer counterparty; and the occurrence of a simple game structure for portfolios containing both long and short options. It is demonstrated that the exercise strategies resulting can significantly alter measured uncertain volatility risk. Contrary to the set of attributes for sensible risk measures put forward by Artzner, Delbaen, Eber and Heath, this risk need not be homogenous in portfolio size- forming a convincing argument for weakening this particular requirement.
Notch Pathway Inhibition Significantly Reduces Rhabdomyosarcoma Invasiveness and Mobility <i>In Vitro</i> (2010)

Pharmacological or genetic blockage of the pathway significantly reduced invasiveness of RMS cell lines, thereby suggesting a possible role of the Notch pathway in the regulation of the metastatic process in RMS.
NADP-Specific Electron-Bifurcating [FeFe]-Hydrogenase in a Functional Complex with Formate Dehydrogenase in Clostridium autoethanogenum Grown on CO (2013)

Flavin-based electron bifurcation is a recently discovered mechanism of coupling endergonic to exergonic redox reactions in the cytoplasm of anaerobic bacteria and archaea. Among the five electron-bifurcating enzyme complexes characterized to date, one is a heteromeric ferredoxin- and NAD-dependent [FeFe]-hydrogenase. We report here a novel electron-bifurcating [FeFe]-hydrogenase that is NADP rather than NAD specific and forms a complex with a formate dehydrogenase. The complex was found in high concentrations (6% of the cytoplasmic proteins) in the acetogenic Clostridium autoethanogenum autotrophically grown on CO, which was fermented to acetate, ethanol, and 2,3-butanediol. The purified complex was composed of seven different subunits. As predicted from the sequence of the encoding clustered genes (fdhA/hytA-E) and from chemical analyses, the 78.8-kDa subunit (FdhA) is a selenocysteine- and tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenase, the 65.5-kDa subunit (HytB) is an iron-sulfur flavin mononucleotide protein harboring the NADP binding site, the 51.4-kDa subunit (HytA) is the [FeFe]-hydrogenase proper, and the 18.1-kDa (HytC), 28.6-kDa (HytD), 19.9-kDa (HytE1), and 20.1-kDa (HytE2) subunits are iron-sulfur proteins. The complex catalyzed both the reversible coupled reduction of ferredoxin and NADP(+) with H2 or formate and the reversible formation of H2 and CO2 from formate. We propose the complex to have two functions in vivo, namely, to normally catalyze CO2 reduction to formate with NADPH and reduced ferredoxin in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and to catalyze H2 formation from NADPH and reduced ferredoxin when these redox mediators get too reduced during unbalanced growth of C. autoethanogenum on CO (E0' = -520 mV).
Identity of <i>Treponema pallidum</i> subsp. <i>pallidum</i> polypeptides: Correlation of sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results from different laboratories (1987)

Abstract As the first step in a cooperative effort to standardize the identification of the polypeptides of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum , the sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) results obtained in 16 laboratories were compared. Although it was possible to correlate the positions of 16 of the major polypeptide bands, the cross‐identification of many of the polypeptides was ambiguous, particularly in the low molecular weight range. Two‐dimensional electrophoresis provided an improved means of separating and characterizing T. pallidum polypeptides as isolated molecular species. An approach to the unambiguous identification of treponemal polypeptides was outlined which will utilize two‐dimensional electrophoresis in combination with specific properties attributable to individual proteins, including reactivity with monoclonal antibodies or monospecific antisera, biochemical and structural properties, and sequence information. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, two‐dimensional electrophoresis in conjunction with immunoperoxidase staining was used to specifically identify three cloned T. pallidum proteins.
Sequential Serum Measurements of Thyrotropin Binding Inhibitor Immunoglobulin G in Transient Familial Neonatal Hypothyroidism (1983)

Infants with transient neonatal hypothyroidism, in whom TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulin G (IgG) (TBII) were sequentially measured, are described. Their mother had been taking thyroid replacement for hypothyroidism due to nongoitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. IgGs inhibiting TSH binding were detected in maternal sera by radioreceptor assay. These IgGs also inhibited the adenylate cyclase response to TSH in human thyroid membranes. Three infants had frank hypothyroidism immediately after birth, and TBII were detected in two of them. In the two surviving infants, hypothyroidism was transient and improved when TBII disappeared from their sera. The profile of TBII in one patient corresponded to the IgG disappearance curve. These findings suggest that the transient neonatal hypothyroidism reported was caused by transplacental transfer of TBII.
Mechanical and electronic properties of carbon nanotube–graphene compounds (2010)

Abstract Composite structures of graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great interest due to their expected distinguished properties. Here we have investigated the mechanical and electronic properties of new nanostructures based on CNT–graphene covalent‐bonded compounds. magnified image The process of the formation of the graphene–nanotube compound. Left: single graphene and nanotube (border atoms of graphene are highlighted). Right: carbon nanotube–graphene composite.