gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Baseline Resolution of Isobaric Phosphorylated and Sulfated Peptides and Nucleotides by Electrospray Ionization FTICR MS:  Another Step toward Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics (2002)

Electrospray ionization broadband FTICR mass spectrometry at a mass resolving power, m/delta m50% > or = 400,000 has achieved the first direct mass spectral resolution of phosphorylated and sulfated peptides (or nucleotides) of the same nominal mass. The elemental composition difference in each case is PH versus S (9.5 mDa), requiring a minimum mass resolving power ((m2 - m1)/ml) of 118,000 (C terminal amidated cholecystekinin fragment 26-33 (CCK-8), DY(PO3H2)MGWMDF-NH2 versus DY(SO3H)MGWMDF-NH2) or 65,400 (adenosine triphosphate vs 3-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate). The isobaric mass doublets were detected in broadband mode (400 < m/z <1400) in the presence of dozens of other species. It is therefore now possible to distinguish phosphorylated from sulfated peptides, even when both species are present at the same time in a protein digest.
Biología pesquera del besugo Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1826) del mar de Alborán (2000)

Las evaluaciones de las poblaciones de peces en el mar Mediterráneo son, en cantidad y calidad, muy inferiores a las que se realizan en el vecino Atlántico norte (área CIEM). Esta diferencia se debe fundamentalmente a la escasez de bases de datos y a la falta de disponibilidad de metodologías adecuadas al entorno mediterráneo. Sin embargo, los modelos clásicos de evaluación están suficientemente validados como para abordar análisis de la dinámica de una población explotada. Además, el argumento de que el estado de una pesquería depende más de otros aspectos que los derivados de la explotación, demasiado extendido en el caso Mediterráneo, no debe poner freno a la utilización de esos modelos. Como caso práctico bajo estas premisas, nos propusimos estudiar la dinámica de la población del besugo Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1826) en el sector norte del mar de Alborán.\nLa elección del besugo como especie objetivo tuvo dos motivaciones principales. En primera instancia, por ser la especie de pez más importante de la región surmediterránea en cuanto a capturas y, sin embargo, estar relativamente muy poco estudiada. En segundo lugar, al ser una especie intensamente explotada por dos flotas diferentes (arrastre y artesanales) ofrecía otro aspecto de interés: el del análisis de las interacciones entre ambas flotas y la respuesta de la población a cambios en el esquema de explotación de las mismas. Este último aspecto, de especial relevancia en las pesquerías mediterráneas, ha sido muy poco estudiado y los análisis llevados a cabo en esta memoria son los primeros de tal naturaleza que se desarrollan en la región surmediterránea.\nLa organización del presente trabajo es muy dependiente de las necesidades de los análisis de dinámica de poblaciones que se realizan. Así, en los primeros capítulos se describen las pesquerías de besugo en el área, haciendo especial referencia a las capturas y sus distribuciones de frecuencias de tallas; a continuación, se estudian aquellos aspectos biológicos de los que se extraen los parámetros de entrada necesarios para la aplicación de los modelos y, por último, se presentan los análisis correspondientes.\n[Ver Resumen completo en pdf].
Einleitung (2000)

1977 ist Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz für Benno von Wiese, den Herausgeber des repräsentativen Bandes Deutsche Dichter des 18. Jahrhunderts, »das tragisch scheiternde Genie neben dem großartigen Gelingen Goethes« (von Wiese 1977, Einleitung S. 26). Wiese mildert sein Urteil wohlwollend ab: immerhin kündige sich in seinen Schriften »sehr viel Zukünftiges« an. 1991 schreiben die Herausgeber Matthias Luserke und Christoph Weiß in der »Vorbemerkung« zum ersten Lenz-Jahrbuch: »Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz zählt zu den bedeutendsten Schriftstellern der deutschen Literatur in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts.« 1995 fragt Rüdiger Scholz in der Zeitschrift Germanistik (1/1995, S. 204) bereits: »Wird Lenz der Büchner des 18. Jahrhunderts?« Die letzten beiden Zitate belegen einen deutlichen Wandel in der Beurteilung des Dichters aus Livland, während das erste ein gängiges Urteil wiederholt. Lenz selbst hat von Wieses Einschätzung vorweggenommen, wenn er in Pandämonium Germanikum das Triumvirat der legitimierten Autoren seiner Zeit Klopstock, Lessing und Herder zu sich sagen läßt: »Leistet er nichts, so hat er doch groß geahndet.«
Diffusion constraints for vector graphics (2010)

The formulation of Diffusion Curves [Orzan et al. 2008] allows for the flexible creation of vector graphics images from a set of curves and colors: a diffusion process fills out the parts of the image that are away from curves. However, this model has limitations in certain situations and does not always seem to agree with how an artist wants to use the software. First, the diffusion itself cannot be controlled, only the colors. Further, the fact that color needs to be defined everywhere along the curve can lead to tedious and nonintuitive interactions. In this paper, we present a number of adaptations to diffusion curves that constrain how color is spread across the image. Specifically, we argue for the utility of controlling the speed and direction of the color diffusion, and the ability to have barriers that can be defined without the need to specify a particular color along these curves. We also describe how this can be implemented by solving a linear system, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution on a number of examples.
Promoters controlling expression of the alternative nitrogenase and the molybdenum uptake system in Rhodobacter capsulatus are activated by NtrC, independent of sigma54, and repressed by molybdenum (1996)

The alternative nitrogenase of Rhodobacter capsulatus is expressed only under conditions of nitrogen and molybdenum depletion. The analysis of anfA-lacZ fusions demonstrated that this dual control occurred at the level of transcription of anfA, which encodes a transcriptional activator specific for the alternative nitrogenase. The anfA promoter was found to be activated under nitrogen-limiting conditions by NtrC in a sigma54-independent manner. In addition, anfA transcription was repressed by traces of molybdenum. This molybdenum-dependent repression of anfA was released in R. capsulatus mutants carrying either lesions in the high-affinity molybdenum uptake system (modABCD) or a double deletion of mopA and mopB, two genes encoding molybdenum-pterin-binding proteins. The expression of the molybdenum transport system itself was shown to be negatively regulated by molybdenum and, unexpectedly, to be also regulated by NtrC. This finding is in line with the presence of two tandemly arranged DNA motifs located in front of the R. capsulatus mopA-modABCD operon, which are homologous to R. capsulatus NtrC binding sites. Mapping of the transcriptional initiation sites of mopA and anfA revealed promoter sequences exhibiting significant homology to each other but no homology to known prokaryotic promoters. In addition, a conserved DNA sequence of dyad symmetry overlapping the transcriptional initiation sites of mopA and anfA was found. Deletions within this element resulted in molybdenum-independent expression of anfA, indicating that this DNA sequence may be the target of MopA/MopB-mediated repression.
Wyner Ziv codec design for surveillance system using adaptive puncturing rate (2008)

A multiple camera surveillance system is typical example of a Distributed Video (DV) system with many-to-one topology which demands the use of new paradigm with multiple encoders, installed at number of locations and very few decoders in a control room. This paradigm open-up new frontiers for the research community in designing low cost encoders even at the cost of expensive decoders. A solution to this problem based on information theory finding of 70s, by Slepian and Wolf [3], for lossless encoding, and followed by the work of Wyner and Ziv [5], for lossy encoding. In the last few years there has been significant research activity in the design and implementation of video codec based on these findings. Our research work is also part of that effort. In this paper we will present a modified Wyner-Ziv codec, that take advantage of slow motion activity, which is typically of surveillance data. GOP is selected dynamically by accessing motion activity and also puncturing bit rate varies adaptively. Also the proposed architecture takes advantage of intra-frame coding for both key frame and Wyner-Ziv frames
Molecular Functionalization of Graphite Surfaces: Basal Plane versus Step Edge Electrochemical Activity (2014)

The chemical functionalization of carbon surfaces has myriad applications, from tailored sensors to electrocatalysts. Here, the adsorption and electrochemistry of anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) is studied on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as a model sp(2) surface. A major focus is to elucidate whether adsorbed electroactive AQDS can be used as a marker of step edges, which have generally been regarded as the main electroactive sites on graphite electrode surfaces. First, the macroscopic electrochemistry of AQDS is studied on a range of surfaces differing in step edge density by more than 2 orders of magnitude, complemented with ex situ tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) data. These measurements show that step edges have little effect on the extent of adsorbed electroactive AQDS. Second, a new fast scan cyclic voltammetry protocol carried out with scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) enables the evolution of AQDS adsorption to be followed locally on a rapid time scale. Subsequent AFM imaging of the areas probed by SECCM allows a direct correlation of the electroactive adsorption coverage and the actual step edge density of the entire working area. The amount of adsorbed electroactive AQDS and the electron transfer kinetics are independent of the step edge coverage. Last, SECCM reactive patterning is carried out with complementary AFM measurements to probe the diffusional electroactivity of AQDS. There is essentially uniform and high activity across the basal surface of HOPG. This work provides new methodology to monitor adsorption processes at surfaces and shows unambiguously that there is no correlation between the step edge density of graphite surfaces and the observed coverage of electroactive AQDS. The electroactivity is dominated by the basal surface, and studies that have used AQDS as a marker of steps need to be revised.
Augmentation of Skin Flap Survival by Selective Intraarterial Infusion of Prostaglandin E1: Experimental and Clinical Studies (1993)

Prostaglandin E1 has been proven to be useful in the treatment of vascular diseases of the lower leg. Plastic surgeons have been aware of its usefulness in augmenting flap survival and have used it intraarterially or intravenously. We attempted to enhance the effect of prostaglandin E1 with heparin by local continuous intraarterial infusion of both drugs. First, we assessed the viability area of an experimental island flap model on rabbit abdomen, and confirmed the usefulness of this method. Next, we attempted to develop clinical cases using Seldinger's method. By this method, we were able to rescue the flaps with circulatory insufficiency and gain a larger survival area of an axial pattern flap.
SOLUTIONS FOR LIQUID NITROGEN PRE-COOLING IN HELIUM REFRIGERATION CYCLES (2000)

Pre-cooling of helium by means of liquid nitrogen is the oldest and one of the most common process features used in helium liquefiers and refrigerators. Its two principle tasks are to allow or increase the rate of pure liquefaction, and to permit the initial cool-down of large masses to about 80 K. Several arrangements for the pre-cooling process are possible depending on the desired application. Each arrangement has its proper advantages and drawbacks. The aim of this paper is to review the possible process solutions for liquid nitrogen pre-cooling and their particularities.
Suppression of IgE Production by IPD-1151T (Suplatast Tosilate), a New Dimethylsulfonium Agent: (2) Regulation of Human IgE Response (1993)

The ability of IPD-1151T to suppress the induction of human IgE synthesis was investigated with an in vitro model of IgE production mediated by an allergen-specific helper T cell line (SN-4) from a patient allergic to Japanese cedar pollen. IPD-1151T induced a concentration-dependent suppression of purified allergen (Cry j 1)-dependent IgE synthesis in autologous B cell cultures mediated by SN-4, without significantly affecting the IgG synthesis. In addition, the production of interleukin 4 (IL-4) by Cry j 1-activated SN-4 as well as that by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of normal donors was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by the agent. Interestingly, IPD-1151T clearly depressed PHA-induced expression of IL-4 mRNA in normal PBMC, indicating that this agent inhibits IL-4 gene transcription. However, IPD-1151T had no antagonistic action on IL-4, since neither IL-4-induced expression of low-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RII/CD23) on normal B cells nor soluble Fc epsilon RII release from IL-4-stimulated B cells was affected by the agent. On the other hand, IPD-1151T had no effect on the production of interferon-gamma by both Cry j 1-stimulated SN-4 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-activated T cells of normal donors. These results suggest that the selective suppression of IgE synthesis by IPD-1151T results from the inhibition of IL-4 production by T cells at the gene level.
Long-term Absolute Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3 or Worse Following Human Papillomavirus Infection: Role of Persistence (2010)

HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, and HPV33 infection and especially HPV16 persistence were associated with high absolute risks for progression to high-grade cervical lesions. The results indicate the potential value of genotyping in cervical cancer screening. Given that HPV DNA-negative women retained their low risk of CIN3 or worse for many years, frequent screening of these women may be unnecessary.
Effects of Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on the Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus and the Phosphorylation of Viral Proteins (1997)

The effect of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors on the replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) was examined. Tyrphostins AG17, AG213, AG490, and AG555, and herbimycin A all inhibited the plaque formation of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) in Vero cells, but AG17, AG490, and AG555 exhibited a more selective antiviral effect. In the presence of 0.4 microM AG17, the virus production 24 h after infection was decreased to 7.7% of the untreated control level. Even if the treatment was started 12 h after the initiation of infection, the viral titer was reduced by 82.4%, compared with the untreated control level. In HSV-1-infected cells ICPs 6, 17/18, 19/20, and 25 were tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. The synthesis and phosphorylation of these proteins were inhibited by AG17, and suppression of ICP 19/20, which were identified as the UL47 gene products, was the greatest. In contrast, the in vitro autophosphorylation of viral proteins was not affected by this PTK inhibitor. These results indicate that tyrphostin may represent a novel class of inhibitors of HSV-1, and that the viral proteins which have phosphorylated tyrosine residues and are suppressed by AG17 most significantly are the products of the UL47 gene, the tegument proteins VP13/14.
An Ultra-Short Dopamine Pathway Regulates Basal Ganglia Output (2009)

Substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is a key basal ganglia output nucleus critical for movement control. Its GABA-containing projection neurons intermingle with nigral dopamine (DA) neuron dendrites. Here we show that SNr GABA neurons coexpress dopamine D(1) and D(5) receptor mRNAs and also mRNA for TRPC3 channels. Dopamine induced an inward current in these neurons and increased their firing frequency. These effects were mimicked by D(1)-like agonists, blocked by a D(1)-like antagonist. D(1)-like receptor blockade reduced SNr GABA neuron firing frequency and increased their firing irregularity. These D(1)-like effects were absent in D(1) or D(5) receptor knock-out mice and inhibited by intracellularly applied D(1) or D(5) receptor antibody. These D(1)-like effects were also inhibited when the tonically active TRPC3 channels were inhibited by intracellularly applied TRPC3 channel antibody. Furthermore, stimulation of DA neurons induced a direct inward current in SNr GABA neurons that was sensitive to D(1)-like blockade. Manipulation of DA neuron activity and DA release and inhibition of dopamine reuptake affected SNr GABA neuron activity in a D(1)-like receptor-dependent manner. Together, our findings indicate that dendritically released dopamine tonically excites SNr GABA neurons via D(1)-D(5) receptor coactivation that enhances constitutively active TRPC3 channels, forming an ultra-short substantia nigra pars compacta --> SNr dopamine pathway that regulates the firing intensity and pattern of these basal ganglia output neurons.
The Use of a Simple Electron Microscope Serology Procedure to Observe Relationships of Seven Potyviruses (1984)

Abstract The relationships between bean yellow mosaic (BYMV), bean common mosaic (BCMV), clover yellow vein (CYVV), lettuce mosaic (LMV), potato virus Y (PVY), turnip mosaic (TuMV) and celery mosaic (CeMV) viruses were studied in homologous and heterologous reactions, using simple and relatively rapid electron microscope serology decoration tests. The degree of relationship between these viruses was assessed by the intensity of antibody coating when the viruses were decorated by heterologous antibodies. A close relationship was observed between BYMV and CYVV, and between BYMV and LMV but not between CYVV and LMV. CeMV was quite closely related to BYMV and CYVV. Antibodies to BCMV and BYMV intensely decorated different strains of their own virus, but decoration was negligible in cross reactions.
6 to 18 GHz transmit/receive modules for multifunction phased arrays (2003)

A full 6-18-GHz transmit/receive (T/R) module is demonstrated for multifunction phased-array applications utilizing a family of high-performance MMICs (monolithic microwave integrated circuits). Featured are output powers reaching over 1.0 W, a 4:1 bandwidth 5-b digital phase shifter, a low-loss, high-isolation switch, and a high-dynamic-range design incorporating all required system functions. It is shown that the performance of the 4:1 bandwidth digital phase shifter and the DC-20 GHz low-loss high-isolation switch surpasses all previously presented results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Balloon-occluded arterial stump pressure before balloon-occluded transarterial chemoembolization (2015)

"Non-targeted" B-TACE should be avoided to perform effective B-TACE and "selective" B-TACE at A1, 4, 8 and the anterior segmental arteries may become less effective than at the other segmental or subsegmental arteries.
Inhibition of Cytidine Deaminase by Derivatives of 1-(β-D-Ribofuranosyl)-Dihydropyrimidin-2-One (Zebularine) (1992)

Abstract The 2′-deoxy and ara derivatives of 1-β-(D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one (zebularine) were synthesized by improved routes and tested for their inhibitory properties against cytidine deaminase. It was shown that the Ki′s of both compounds were comparable to that of the parent zebularine in inhibition studies with purified enzyme. In contrast to zebularine, 2′-deoxy and ara zebularine showed only nominal cytotoxicity against MOLT-4 and L1210 cells in vitro. A model compound for the inhibition of deoxycytidylate deaminase, 2′-deoxyzebularine 5′-monophosphate (6), was also prepared.
A simulator for real-time parallel processing architectures (2002)

A time-driven, flit-based, wormhole-routed, parallel processor network simulator has been designed in C with a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). To accommodate the unique requirements of real-time networks, the simulator is based on prioritized queues supporting various resource allocation policies. In the simulator, special care is taken to prevent various possible kinds of overlaps (in time) and deadlocks. As a consequence of real-time systems, all messages are associated with priorities and every virtual channel is associated with the priority of the message it stores. The simulator contains a simple test for the convergence of the average latency, and the throughput is always monitored to verify that it converges to the applied load. A candidate network function is accurately defined and this characterization is detailed enough to be simulated. The simulator is used to evaluate a set of communication characteristics that are deemed desirable for real-time parallel processors with respect to performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microstrip three-way power combiners using a standard MIC technology (1996)

A comparative study of some existing microstrip three-way power divider/combiner networks with very high combining efficiency is presented. Four topologies are compared to each other and also to the standard corporate four-way structure. All the studied topologies have shown a good performance with less than -0.3 dB loss over the frequency band 1.7-2.1 GHz. The best simulation and measurement results have been obtained with the two-stage three-way fork divider with a combining efficiency of 95.7% (< -0.2 dB loss) over the frequency band of interest.
A digital signal processing algorithm for detecting arcing faults on power distribution feeders (1989)

Signal processing hardware and software that can be used to improve the detection of certain power system faults using computer relays are discussed. Integrated systems and architectures for monitoring several fault-sensitive parameters have been investigated. A suggested architecture utilizing several processors is presented. Several fault-sensitive parameters for the detection of arcing faults are presented. A detection methodology based on these parameters is described, and a partial solution to the problem of directionality is discussed. The use of a knowledge-based environment to modify protection criteria is suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Demonstration of a small-form-factor WWDM transceiver module for 10-Gb/s local area networks (2002)

We demonstrate for the first time all key components for a small-form-factor (SFF) wide-wavelength-division-multiplexed (WWDM) transceiver module with four channels operating at a data rate of 3.125 GBd/channel giving an aggregate rate of 12.5 GBd. The key components that enable a SFF package include a compact injection-molded plastic demultiplexer and a compact transmitter optical subassembly. We report link results showing successful operation of these key components with transmission over 300 m of 62.5-μm core multimode fiber (MMF) and 10.5 km of single-mode fiber (SMF). These technologies enable highly-integrated WWDM 10-Gb Ethernet transceiver modules that support both MMF and SMF.