gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated prediction of emphysema visual score using homology-based quantification of low-attenuation lung region (2017)

LAA% and HEQ at -875 HU showed a stronger correlation with visual score than those at -910 or -950 HU. HEQ was more useful than LAA% for predicting visual score.
Loss of functional GABA <sub>A</sub> receptors in the Alzheimer diseased brain (2012)

The cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission systems are known to be severely disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). GABAergic neurotransmission, in contrast, is generally thought to be well preserved. Evidence from animal models and human postmortem tissue suggest GABAergic remodeling in the AD brain. Nevertheless, there is no information on changes, if any, in the electrophysiological properties of human native GABA receptors as a consequence of AD. To gain such information, we have microtransplanted cell membranes, isolated from temporal cortices of control and AD brains, into Xenopus oocytes, and recorded the electrophysiological activity of the transplanted GABA receptors. We found an age-dependent reduction of GABA currents in the AD brain. This reduction was larger when the AD membranes were obtained from younger subjects. We also found that GABA currents from AD brains have a faster rate of desensitization than those from non-AD brains. Furthermore, GABA receptors from AD brains were slightly, but significantly, less sensitive to GABA than receptors from non-AD brains. The reduction of GABA currents in AD was associated with reductions of mRNA and protein of the principal GABA receptor subunits normally present in the temporal cortex. Pairwise analysis of the transcripts within control and AD groups and analyses of the proportion of GABA receptor subunits revealed down-regulation of α1 and γ2 subunits in AD. In contrast, the proportions of α2, β1, and γ1 transcripts were up-regulated in the AD brains. Our data support a functional remodeling of GABAergic neurotransmission in the human AD brain.
Classification Of Objects' Surface By Acoustic Transfer Function (2005)

Objects surfaces are classified by cal- culating the acoustic transfer function between an echo from a reference plane and that from an object to be tested. A method to obtain this transfer function is presented. Experiment on simple shape classification show that phase characteristic in the transfer function is useful. Future possibili- ties of ultrasonic sensing in robotics is also dis- cussed.
Cloning and Characterization of an Esophageal-Gland-Specific Chorismate Mutase from the Phytoparasitic Nematode<i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> (1999)

Root-knot nematodes are obligate plant parasites that alter plant cell growth and development by inducing the formation of giant feeder cells. It is thought that nematodes inject secretions from their esophageal glands into plant cells while feeding, and that these secretions cause giant cell formation. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the formation of giant cells, a strategy was developed to clone esophageal gland genes from the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. One clone, shown to be expressed in the nematode's esophageal gland, codes for a potentially secreted chorismate mutase (CM). CM is a key branch-point regulatory enzyme in the shikimate pathway and converts chorismate to prephenate, a precursor of phenylalanine and tyrosine. The shikimate pathway is not found in animals, but in plants, where it produces aromatic amino acids and derivative compounds that play critical roles in growth and defense. Therefore, we hypothesize that this CM is involved in allowing nematodes to parasitize plants.
Organometallic Polymers with Transition Metals in the Main Chain (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganometallic Polymers with Transition Metals in the Main ChainPaul Nguyen, Paloma Gómez-Elipe, and Ian MannersView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 6, 1515–1548Publication Date (Web):May 4, 1999Publication History Received25 June 1998Revised7 December 1998Published online4 May 1999Published inissue 9 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr960113uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr960113uresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5449Altmetric-Citations764LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Condensation,Materials,Metals,Polymers,Ring-opening polymerization Get e-Alerts
Autonomic Ranking and Selection of Web Services by Using Single Value Decomposition Technique (2008)

With the proliferation of Web services as a business solution to enterprise application integration, ranking and selecting the best Web services among the providers become an important factor in the success of the business solution. Quality of Service (QoS) determines the quality and usability of a service including its price, performance, reliability, integrity, accessibility, availability, interoperability, and security. Given a set of QoS attributes from a variety of sources, it is a challenge to sort through all of them and be able to get the best services that meet QoS requirement. In this paper, we describe a novel method by which Web services can be ranked and selected automatically based on a number of observed QoS parameters and feedback responses learned from prior knowledge. This new approach treats the observed Web services QoS attributes and target Web services relationship, represented by a matrix, as a statistical problem. Using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique, and an user assisted weighting system, implicit higher order correlations among Web services and their associated QoS attributes are extracted and used to estimate the selection of recommended Web services.
Removal of amino acids from water by adsorption on polystyrene resins (2001)

The adsorption of eight amino acids, L-asparagine, D,L-threonine, L-lysine, L-leucine D,L-methionine, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and D,L-tryptophan, on the non-polar macroporous adsorbents Amberlite XAD-2 and XAD-4 (polystyrene–divinylbenzene copolymers) was studied. Equilibrium adsorption experiments were conducted to estimate the types of isotherm and their parameters. The effect the chemical composition and structure of the amino acids on the efficiency of adsorption was evaluated. The influence of pH and ionic strength was also studied. The data of adsorption isotherms of the examined amino acids seemed generally to approach the Freundlich isotherm model. Tryptophan isotherm adsorption data could match in some cases the Langmuir model. The majority of the adsorption isotherms were almost linear. In terms of adsorbed amino acid on both resin surfaces, the amino acids can be ranked thus: D,L-tryptophan > L-phenylalanine > D,L-methionine, L-tyrosine > L-leucine > L-lysine > D,L-threonine > L-asparagine. In low pH solution, adsorption was generally higher than that at intermediate and high pH values. Generally, as the ionic strength increases, the adsorption of the amino acids increases. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
High-resolution plasmonic structural colors from nanohole arrays with bottom metal disks (2016)

We present transmissive plasmonic structural colors from subwavelength nanohole arrays with bottom metal disks for scaled-up manufacturing by nanoimprint lithography (NIL). Comprehensive theoretical and experimental studies are carried out to understand the specific extraordinary optical transmission behavior of the structures with such bottom metal disks. Distinctive colors covering the entire visible spectrum can be generated by changing the structural dimensions of hole arrays in Ag covered by the metal disks. The plasmonic energy hybridization theory is applied to explain the unstable color output with shallow holes so that a large processing window during NIL could be achieved for mass production. A high-resolution of 127,000 dots per inch is demonstrated with potential applications, including color filters and displays, high-resolution color printing, CMOS color imaging, and anti-counterfeiting.
El trastorno por déficit de atención en el sector educativo oficial de Armenia (2010)

Of case studies and the description of results, the prevalence of the attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity, occurs in primary official sector of Armenia Quindio - Colombian students. Of a sample of 354 students reported by teachers of having this disorder, standardized and approved by the neurological international scientific community, aimed at parents, teachers and students, to identify the ad-H and subtypes tests were applied. Keywords: education, care, disorder, deficit, hyperactivity, impulsivity.
An intelligent tool for system identification (2003)

An application of the MaMiC programming environment (a programming environment for handling both numeric and symbolic data) is described. The application is an intelligent interface to MathWorks' System Identification Toolbox. The interface contains two parts: one that makes it easier to use the System Identification Toolbox (by simplifying the syntax and by bookkeeping of all variables used in the system), and one that gives the user advice during an identification session. A decision support system which advises the user only about the interpretation of certain results and how to do reasonable commands, actions, etc. is described and illustrated by an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Dimensional Quantitative Structure—Activity Relationship Analysis of a Series of Interphenylene 7‐Oxabicycloheptane Oxazole Thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> Receptor Antagonists. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Induction of fos‐like‐immunoreactivity in the central extended amygdala by antidepressant drugs (1999)

The induction of the early gene c-fos was evaluated through Fos immunohistochemistry in areas belonging to the extended amygdala after acute administration of two antidepressants, citalopram and imipramine. Both citalopram and imipramine at the dose of 5 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, induced Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the central amygdaloid nucleus, lateral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTL), and interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC). The shell of the nucleus accumbens, which forms a continuum with the central extended amygdala, showed a decrease of FLI after administration of either citalopram or imipramine. The mechanism of action and the brain areas affected by antidepressants are still a matter of debate. By showing that the central extended amygdala is a common site of action for two different antidepressant types, these results provide new insight into the mechanism of action of antidepressants. Synapse 31:1–4, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Open-Source Software Development and Distributed Innovation (2008)

Abstract The central economic question posed by the Internet is how commercial investments can appropriate value from a public good called information. Information can be transported and replicated at essentially zero marginal cost and its use by one party does not preclude use by another. Since information is digitally encoded, its provision is the service that is facilitated by the Internet. Internet companies seek to collect fees and payment on information services. The difficulty in finding mechanisms to extract payments on the provision of a public good explains, to a large extent, the high death rate among Internet ventures.
Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization for Ionization of Both Polar and Nonpolar Compounds in Reversed-Phase LC/MS (2006)

Atmospheric pressure photoionization can provide high ionization efficiency simultaneously to both polar and nonpolar compounds delivered in reversed-phase solvent. The method to achieve this utilizes toluene as a dopant and simply requires that the solvent flow be limited so that reactions between toluene photoions and the organic component of the solvent are not driven to completion. Under these conditions, toluene photoions remain in the source for ionizing nonpolar compounds via charge exchange (electron transfer), while protonated solvent ions are available for proton-transfer reactions with polar molecules. The reagent ion mixture is then suitable for ionizing a wide range of both polar and nonpolar compounds. The critical effect of solvent flow rate is demonstrated here with results for a test analyte, 9-methylanthracene, which may be ionized by either charge exchange or proton transfer. For a solvent of 50:50 methanol/water (v/v), lowering the flow from 200 to 50 microL min-1 results in a 10x increase in charge exchange ionization efficiency--further flow reductions provide even greater enhancements. This method is compatible with sample delivery by direct infusion and micro- and narrow-bore LC, as well as conventional LC using a flow splitter.
Viscosity study of DNA. II. The effect of simple salt concentration on the viscosity of high molecular weight DNA and application of viscometry to the study of DNA isolated from T4 and T5 bacteriophage mutants (1968)

Abstract Polyelectrolyte expansion effects on high molecular weight bacteriophage DNA have been studied by examining the influence of simple salt concentration upon the intrinsic viscosity, [η]. The viscosity–molecular weight exponent a in the expression [η] = KM a diminishes from 0.8 in 0.005 M simple salt to a limiting value of 0.6 for salt concentrations greater than 0.6 M at 25°C. The ε parameter of the N 1+ε hydrodynamic representation thus varies from approximately 0.2–0.07 over this range of salt concentration. The intrinsic, viscosity of DNA decreases slightly with increasing temperature at low and moderate salt concentrations but becomes independent of temperature at high salt concentrations. The expansion of the DNA molecular domain is linear in the reciprocal square root of the simple salt concentration. Viscosity differences among DNA's isolated from several bacteriophage T5 mutants reflect small differences in molecular weight which are in agreement, with sine determination by other techniques. The DNA's isolated from various rII mutants of T4 bacteriophage including some very large deletion mutations were found to be identically the same size in accord with current genetic ideas. Details of the representation and extrapolation of viscosity data are discussed and the sensitivity of the technique is evaluated.
Protective effect of neutralizing anti-IL-18α monoclonal antibody on a mouse model of acute graft-versus-host disease (2015)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a devastating complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and is characterized by systemic inflammation and tissue damage in multiple organs, such as the liver and small intestine. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), an important pro-inflammatory cytokine, is elevated during the course of acute GVHD (aGVHD), and is associated with the severe clinical manifestations of the disease. The biological activity of IL-18 is based on its interaction with the IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) expressed in a variety of cells. The aim of this study was to assess whether blocking the interaction of IL-18 with IL-18R by the anti-IL‑18Rα antibody could attenuate the severity of aGVHD. We used a well-established mouse bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model (B6→BALB/c) to block the IL-18/IL-18R interaction by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) against murine IL-18Rα. Administration of anti-IL-18Rα mAb had a significant protective effect on the clinical and pathologic manifestations of aGVHD, resulting in a markedly improved survival rate, modified inflammatory response and decreased tissue damage. Interfering with IL-18/IL-18R interaction affected levels of Th1, Th2 and Th17 subsets in the peripheral blood of the aGVHD animals. Additionally, it led to decreased tissue expression of IL-18 and apoptosis-associated molecules (Fas and FasL), and lower phosphorylation levels of p38MAPK in the liver and small intestine. These changes coincided with the decrease in cell apoptosis in aGVHD target organs. Thus, anti‑IL-18Rα therapy may, therefore, represent a new therapeutic interference approach for treating aGVHD.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of fluorinated alkylphosphines (1970)

N.m.r. parameters for nine compounds of general formula RFPX2(X = H, F, Cl, or NMe2) and eight compounds of general formula (CF3)n PX3–n(n= 1 or 2; X = H, Cl, Br, I, Me, Et, or Prn) are presented. Empirical relationships between these quantities and structural characteristics are discussed.
Induction of neonatal tolerance by plasmid DNA vaccination of mice. (1996)

Plasmid DNA vaccines capable of preventing viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections are currently under development. Our labs have shown that a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the circumsporozoite protein of the malaria parasite elicits protective immunity against live sporozoite challenge in adult BALB/c mice. We now find that the same DNA vaccine induces tolerance rather than immunity when administered to 2-5 d-old mice. Neonatally tolerized animals were unable to mount antibody, cytokine or cytotoxic responses when rechallenged with DNA vaccine in vitro or in vivo. Tolerance was specific for immunogenic epitopes expressed by the vaccine-encoded, endogenously produced antigen. Mice challenged with exogenous circumsporozoite protein produced antibodies against a different set of epitopes, and were not tolerized. These findings demonstrate important differences in the nature and specificity of the immune response elicited by DNA vaccines versus conventional protein immunogens.
Quasi-static scoping (1993)

Static scoping embodies a strong encapsulation mechanism for hiding the details of program units. Yet, it does not allow the sharing of variable bindings (locations) across independent program units. Facilities such as module and object systems that require cross references of variables therefore must be added as special features. In this paper we present an alternative: quasi-static scoping. Quasi-static scoping is more flexible than static scoping, but has the same encapsulation mechanism. The user can control when and in what scope to resolve a quasi-static variable, i.e., to associate it with a variable binding. To demonstrate its versatility, we add quasi-static scoping to Scheme and show how to build the aforementioned facilities at the user-level. We also show that quasi-static scoping can be implemented efficiently.
Data Shapley: Equitable Valuation of Data for Machine Learning (2019)

As data becomes the fuel driving technological and economic growth, a fundamental challenge is how to quantify the value of data in algorithmic predictions and decisions. For example, in healthcare and consumer markets, it has been suggested that individuals should be compensated for the data that they generate, but it is not clear what is an equitable valuation for individual data. In this work, we develop a principled framework to address data valuation in the context of supervised machine learning. Given a learning algorithm trained on $n$ data points to produce a predictor, we propose data Shapley as a metric to quantify the value of each training datum to the predictor performance. Data Shapley value uniquely satisfies several natural properties of equitable data valuation. We develop Monte Carlo and gradient-based methods to efficiently estimate data Shapley values in practical settings where complex learning algorithms, including neural networks, are trained on large datasets. In addition to being equitable, extensive experiments across biomedical, image and synthetic data demonstrate that data Shapley has several other benefits: 1) it is more powerful than the popular leave-one-out or leverage score in providing insight on what data is more valuable for a given learning task; 2) low Shapley value data effectively capture outliers and corruptions; 3) high Shapley value data inform what type of new data to acquire to improve the predictor.
Clickotine, A Personalized Smartphone App for Smoking Cessation: Initial Evaluation (2017)

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02656745; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02656745 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6peTT4x60).
Ruptured atheromatous plaques in saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts: a mechanism of acute, thrombotic, late graft occlusion. (1982)

Although early occlusion of saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts is usually thrombotic, late occlusion is most often a result of progressive intimal fibromuscular proliferation or atheroma formation in the implanted vain. We describe another mechanism of late graft occlusion: atheromatous plaque rupture with superimposed occlusive thrombosis. Four men, ages 48-67 years underwent repeat bypass surgery for recurrent angina. Six of eight vein grafts excised 5-8 years after original bypass showed complete luminal occlusion by recent thrombus superimposed on ruptured atheromatous plaques. Similar findings were present at autopsy in two of three vein grafts from a 66-year-old man who died 7 years after bypass. These lesions are indistinguishable from those that occur in native coronary arteries of many patients with acute myocardial infarction. Unlike previously described graft occlusions, the present lesion represents a mechanism of acute, thrombotic, late graft occlusion. If recognized early, it may be amenable to nonsurgical intervention by angioplasty or thrombolysis.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty With the Grüntzig Balloon Catheter (1979)

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has been used to treat lesions of the iliac, superficial femoral, and renal arterial systems in 70 patients. Overall initial success was achieved in 27/30 lesions, with 4/5 lesions documented to be patent for longer than two years. Although long-term follow-up is at present limited, the reduced cost and morbidity of this procedure are distinct advantages in appropriately selected patients. The close involvement of the vascular surgeon and a "team" approach are necessary. These preliminary results are part of a long-term study to evaluate the efficacy of transluminal angioplasty as well as to define factors that may be of predictive value in patient selection.