gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An improved assay for cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase activity using phospholipid liposome solubilized substrate (1985)

A persistent problem in measurement of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (7 alpha-OHase) activity by isotope incorporation has been solubilization of cholesterol substrate. Solubilization with Tween 20, for example, resulted in a 75% reduction in 7 alpha-OHase activity after a 60 min incubation of substrate with microsomes. Incorporation of cholesterol substrate into small, unilamellar phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) prevented this effect, resulting in a 50% increase in activity over the same 60 min incubation at optimal concentrations. Using cholesterol in liposomes as substrate, standard assay conditions were determined to be: preparation of liposomes with 180 microM cholesterol substrate and 0.5 mg phospholipid/assay; incubation of these liposomes with 0.5 mg microsomal protein at 37 C for 60 min; addition of a NADPH generating system to start the reaction, and incubation at 37 C for 30 min before stopping the reaction and determining the amount of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol formed. In addition to preventing the detergent-related inhibition of the enzyme, liposome-solubilized substrate also reduced the variation among replicates from a coefficient of 45% with Tween 20 to 4.2% with phospholipid. This method provides a sensitive and reliable alternative to methods which require more sophisticated equipment and allows total control of substrate concentration in a form readily accessible to the enzyme.
Advanced Heart Failure and Nocturnal Hypoxaemia Due to Central Sleep Apnoea are Associated with Increased Serum Erythropoietin (2010)

Abstract Aims Central sleep apnoea (CSA) and increased serum erythropoietin (EPO) concentration have each been associated with adverse prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nocturnal hypoxaemia due to CSA and the serum EPO concentration in patients with HF. Methods and results Heart failure subjects (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 18) underwent polysomnography (PSG) for diagnosis of CSA and identification and quantification of hypoxaemia. Blood collection for measurement of EPO was performed immediately post-PSG. For the analysis, HF subjects were dichotomized into subgroups defined by the presence or absence of CSA and by HF severity. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships of hypoxaemia and advanced HF to EPO concentration. Mean EPO concentration was 62% higher for HF subjects with CSA than for healthy controls (P = 0.004). The magnitude of nocturnal hypoxaemia was significantly and positively related to EPO concentration (r = 0.45, P = 0.02). Advanced HF was also significantly and positively related to EPO concentration (r = 0.43, P = 0.02). On multivariate analysis, the presence of combined nocturnal hypoxaemia and advanced HF yielded greater correlation to EPO concentration than either factor alone (r = 0.57, P = 0.04 and P = 0.05, respectively). Linear regression demonstrated that the combination of New York Heart Association Class and CSA was strongly associated with EPO concentration (P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion In non-anaemic HF patients, advanced HF and hypoxaemia due to CSA may each be independently associated with increased serum EPO concentration.
Around the Beta-Blockers, One More Time (1991)

We review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and relative costs of beta-blockers, as well as indications for and therapeutic controversies surrounding their use. It is hoped that this discussion will assist clinicians in making informed decisions when choosing a drug for a hospital formulary or a particular patient. Beta-blockers are indicated for a variety of noncardiovascular and cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and prophylaxis of myocardial infarction (MI). These agents compete with catecholamines at beta-adrenoreceptors. They have different ancillary properties, including intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA), cardioselectivity, and membrane stabilizing-activity, and vary in their duration of action, route of elimination, and lipophilicity. Beta-blocking agents decrease oxygen demand by exerting a negative inotropic and chronotropic effect. They also reduce blood pressure and possess antiarrhythmic effects. Beta-blockers penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) to different degrees and can cause a wide variety of CNS adverse effects. Nonselective beta-blockers have been noted to slightly reduce renal blood flow. Nadolol is an exception in that either no change, or even a small increase in renal blood flow, is observed upon initiation of therapy. Beta-blockers also act on the pulmonary bed by preventing beta 2-mediated bronchodilation, thereby exacerbating bronchospastic disease in some patients. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents can potentiate both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. Their effects on total peripheral resistance (TPR) are controversial. Initially it appears that beta-blockade increases TPR. After chronic therapy, however, TPR decreases to or below baseline values. These agents appear to be equally efficacious in the treatment of hypertension, arrhythmias, and ischemic heart disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of Modulated Electric and Magnetic Fields on the Electronic Structure of Graphene (2008)

Effect of the modulated electric and magnetic fields on the electronic structure of graphene is studied. Broadenings of the Landau levels due to the modulated fields are presented. We studied the Weiss oscillations of the subband width as a function of external field parameters. The subband density of states are also calculated.
Mononuclear polyunsaturated organosilicon dendrimers simultaneously containing (CH=CH) and (C≡C) fragments (2007)

Mononuclear organosilicon tri- and tetradendrons of the zero, first, and second generations, containing double bonds in the internal near-core molecular sphere, internal C≡C groups, and terminal Me, CH=CHSiMe3, and C≡CH substituents at the central silicon atom were synthesized. Their IR and 1H, 13C, 29Si NMR spectra were studied. The molecular weights of the dendrimers obtained were evaluated, and key parameters of these compounds are presented.
Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on patients’ recovery after arthroscopic surgery: prospective, randomized and double‐blind study (2007)

Severe joint inflammation following trauma, arthroscopic surgery or infection can damage articular cartilage, thus every effort should be made to protect cartilage from the catabolic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulate cartilage anabolic activities. Previous pre-clinical studies have shown that pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) can protect articular cartilage from the catabolic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and prevent its degeneration, finally resulting in chondroprotection. These findings provide the rational to support the study of the effect of PEMFs in humans after arthroscopic surgery. The purpose of this pilot, randomized, prospective and double-blind study was to evaluate the effects of PEMFs in patients undergoing arthroscopic treatment of knee cartilage. Patients with knee pain were recruited and treated by arthroscopy with chondroabrasion and/or perforations and/or radiofrequencies. They were randomized into two groups: a control group (magnetic field at 0.05 mT) and an active group (magnetic field of 1.5 mT). All patients were instructed to use PEMFs for 90 days, 6 h per day. The patients were evaluated by the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) test before arthroscopy, and after 45 and 90 days. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to control pain was also recorded. Patients were interviewed for the long-term outcome 3 years after arthroscopic surgery. Thirty-one patients completed the treatment. KOOS values at 45 and 90 days were higher in the active group and the difference was significant at 90 days (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients who used NSAIDs was 26% in the active group and 75% in the control group (P = 0.015). At 3 years follow-up, the number of patients who completely recovered was higher in the active group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Treatment with I-ONE aided patient recovery after arthroscopic surgery, reduced the use of NSAIDs, and also had a positive long-term effect.
Multifactorial Competition and Resistance in a Two-Species Bacterial System (2015)

Microorganisms exist almost exclusively in interactive multispecies communities, but genetic determinants of the fitness of interacting bacteria, and accessible adaptive pathways, remain uncharacterized. Here, using a two-species system, we studied the antagonism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Escherichia coli. Our unbiased genome-scale approach enabled us to identify multiple factors that explained the entire antagonism observed. We discovered both forms of ecological competition-sequestration of iron led to exploitative competition, while phenazine exposure engendered interference competition. We used laboratory evolution to discover adaptive evolutionary trajectories in our system. In the presence of P. aeruginosa toxins, E. coli populations showed parallel molecular evolution and adaptive convergence at the gene-level. The multiple resistance pathways discovered provide novel insights into mechanisms of toxin entry and activity. Our study reveals the molecular complexity of a simple two-species interaction, an important first-step in the application of systems biology to detailed molecular dissection of interactions within native microbiomes.
Network Structure and the Elastic Properties of Vulcanized Rubber. (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNetwork Structure and the Elastic Properties of Vulcanized Rubber.Paul J. FloryCite this: Chem. Rev. 1944, 35, 1, 51–75Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60110a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60110a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2279Altmetric-Citations393LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A survey of music similarity and recommendation from music context data (2013)

In this survey article, we give an overview of methods for music similarity estimation and music recommendation based on music context data. Unlike approaches that rely on music content and have been researched for almost two decades, music-context -based (or contextual ) approaches to music retrieval are a quite recent field of research within music information retrieval (MIR). Contextual data refers to all music-relevant information that is not included in the audio signal itself. In this article, we focus on contextual aspects of music primarily accessible through web technology. We discuss different sources of context-based data for individual music pieces and for music artists. We summarize various approaches for constructing similarity measures based on the collaborative or cultural knowledge incorporated into these data sources. In particular, we identify and review three main types of context-based similarity approaches: text-retrieval-based approaches (relying on web-texts, tags, or lyrics), co-occurrence-based approaches (relying on playlists, page counts, microblogs, or peer-to-peer-networks), and approaches based on user ratings or listening habits. This article elaborates the characteristics of the presented context-based measures and discusses their strengths as well as their weaknesses.
Contralateral Eye Study of Corneal Collagen Cross-linking With Riboflavin and UVA Irradiation in Patients With Keratoconus (2009)

Riboflavin/UVA collagen cross-linking appears to be efficacious in inhibiting the progression of keratoconus by reducing the corneal curvature, spherical equivalent refraction, and refractive cylinder in eyes with progressive keratoconus at average 9-month follow-up.
Fluorescence Quenching of Poly[2‐methoxy‐5–(2′‐ethylhexoxy)‐<i>p</i>‐phenylene vinylene] (MEH‐PPV) in Solutions (2004)

Abstract Fluorescence quenching processes of poly[2‐methoxy‐5–(2′ethyl‐hexoxy)‐p‐phenylene vinylene] (MEH‐PPV) in solution by electron acceptors, O 2 and acid, have been studied. Static quenching of the fluorescence from MEH‐PPV by an electron acceptor (DDQ or TCNE) occurs due to electron transfer from MEH‐PPV to the electron acceptor and this electron transfer quenching can be promoted by chloroform. Photooxidation takes place in the MEH‐PPV solution and singlet oxygen is an intermediate in the photooxidation. according to the results of ESR spectroscopy. Acid also plays an important role in the fluorescence quenching process of MEH‐PPV, by the protonation of the alkoxy groups in the molecular chain.
Anti-windup, bumpless, and conditioned transfer techniques for PID controllers (1996)

Gives a simple and comprehensive review of anti-windup, bumpless and conditioned transfer techniques in the framework of the PID controller. We show that the most suitable anti-windup strategy for usual applications is the conditioning technique, using the notion of the realizable reference. The exception is the case in which the input limitations are too restrictive. In this case, we propose the anti-windup method with a free parameter tuned to obtain a compromise between the incremental algorithm and the conditioning technique. We also introduce the new notion of conditioned transfer, and we it to be a more suitable solution than bumpless transfer. All the discussions are supported by simulations.
DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DO PAMPA: DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MULTIPLATAFORMAS PARA A UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PAMPA (2018)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o resultado de um projeto de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovacao (PDI a segunda disserta sobre a divulgacao cientifica nas Web 2.0, a terceira aborda as contribuicoes das midias sociais para a divulgacao cientifica e a ultima apresenta as multiplataformas de Divulgacao Cientifica do Pampa (Dicipa). Quanto ao percurso metodologico, entende-se que, em relacao a natureza, trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada; referente ao objetivo, classifica-se como pesquisa exploratoria; e, quanto ao procedimento metodologico, trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliografica.
Novel Mutations of<i>FOXC1</i>and<i>PITX2</i>in Patients with Axenfeld-Rieger Malformations (2006)

The findings in the present study clearly demonstrate that FOXC1 and PITX2 mutations are responsible for a significant proportion of Axenfeld-Rieger malformations in Germany.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> profilins are functionally similar to yeast profilins: identification of a vascular bundle‐specific profilin and a pollen‐specific profilin (1996)

Four members of the Arabidopsis profilin (pfn) multigene family have been cloned, sequenced and analyzed. By RNA gel blot analysis it has been shown that these four genes fall into two groups: one group (pfn1 and pfn2) is expressed in all organs of the plant and the other group (pfn3 and pfn4) in floral tissues only. Based on amino acid sequence alignment Arabidopsis profilins can be divided into the same two groups: PFN1 and PFN2 are 89% identical and PFN3 and PFN4 are 91% identical. Between these two groups they are 71-75% identical. The Arabidopsis profilins bind poly-L-proline and can complement both the Saccharomyces cerevisiae profilin deletion mutant and the Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc3-124/profilin mutation, showing that the plant profilins are functionally similar to yeast profilins despite the low amino acid sequence homology. Analysis of pfn promoter-GUS fusion genes in transgenic Arabidopsis shows that pfn2 is specifically expressed in the vascular bundles of roots, hypocotyls, cotyledons, leaves, sepals, petals, stamen filaments and stalks of developing seeds, whereas expression of pfn4 is restricted to mature and germinating pollen grains.
Overview of laser communication technology at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (1993)

A geosynchronous free space optical communications crosslink system is described. System analysis and technology development for a direct detection baseband digital optical crosslink at 650 Mbps is presented.
Photo-sensitive degron variants for tuning protein stability by light (2014)

In total, the mutational analysis resulted in psd module variants, which provide tuning of protein stability over a broad range by blue light. Two variants showed characteristics that are profoundly improved compared to the original construct. The modular usage of the LOV2 domain in optogenetic tools allows the usage of the mutants in the context of other applications in synthetic and systems biology as well.
Development Of A Novel Low-Cost Flight Simulator For Pilot Training (2009)

A novel low-cost flight simulator with the development goals cost effectiveness and high performance has been realized for meeting the huge pilot training needs of airlines. The simulator consists of an aircraft dynamics model, a sophisticated designed low-profile electrical driven motion system with a subsided cabin, a mixed reality based semi-virtual cockpit system, a control loading system and some other subsystems. It shows its advantages over traditional flight simulator by its features achieved with open architecture, software solutions and low-cost hardware.
New Millimeter-wave Six-port Heterodyne Receiver Architecture (2006)

The modern communication receivers are more and more exigent in terms of wide-band, data rates, size and costs. Because conventional millimeter-wave receivers are limited in these aspects, alternative receivers have been explored in the past years. A new six-port receiver heterodyne architecture is proposed in this paper. The first frequency conversion is performed using a passive circuit, the six-port, avoiding the conventional millimeter-wave active costly mixer. The second frequency conversion uses conventional means due to the low IF value. This paper describes in detail the basic theory of the proposed receiver, including a discussion concerning the choice of power or magnitude RF detectors. In addition, demodulation results of a 100 Mb/s Ka-band QPSK signal are presented and discussed
Irradiance formations in hollow straight light pipes with square and circular shapes (2006)

We investigated, both analytically and numerically, the irradiance formation of an asymmetrically located Lambertian light source in hollow straight light pipes with square and circular shapes. The uniform irradiance distribution in a square light pipe and hot-spot localization in a circular light pipe were examined and determined semianalytically. Typical factors of influence, such as light-pipe length, width, and source size, were identified with extensive simulation. When the ratio of light-pipe length and width was less than 0.5, the deviation from uniformity could be more than 20%. But once the source size was large enough (approximately half of the incident port), such that the Lambertian characteristics of the source dominated the irradiance distribution, the uniformity deviation was reduced. Furthermore, a quantity of root-mean-square circular differences was defined in order to identify the shape deformation of the light pipe; it was found that the peak value of the hot spot decreased exponentially with the deformation scale. The influence of nonperfect reflectivity of the pipe wall on irradiance formation was also examined for a square light pipe; when the reflectivity is larger than 90%, the difference in uniformity is less than 10% and uniform irradiance remains, provided that the ratio of light-pipe length and width is larger than 1; even the source is located asymmetrically.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β missplicing contributes to leukemia stem cell generation (2009)

Recent evidence suggests that a rare population of self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSC) is responsible for cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) represents an important paradigm for understanding the genetic and epigenetic events involved in CSC production. CML progresses from a chronic phase (CP) in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that harbor the BCR-ABL translocation, to blast crisis (BC), characterized by aberrant activation of beta-catenin within granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMP). A major barrier to predicting and inhibiting blast crisis transformation has been the identification of mechanisms driving beta-catenin activation. Here we show that BC CML myeloid progenitors, in particular GMP, serially transplant leukemia in immunocompromised mice and thus are enriched for leukemia stem cells (LSC). Notably, cDNA sequencing of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulatory genes, including adenomatous polyposis coli, GSK3beta, axin 1, beta-catenin, lymphoid enhancer factor-1, cyclin D1, and c-myc, revealed a novel in-frame splice deletion of the GSK3beta kinase domain in the GMP of BC samples that was not detectable by sequencing in blasts or normal progenitors. Moreover, BC CML progenitors with misspliced GSK3beta have enhanced beta-catenin expression as well as serial engraftment potential while reintroduction of full-length GSK3beta reduces both in vitro replating and leukemic engraftment. We propose that CP CML is initiated by BCR-ABL expression in an HSC clone but that progression to BC may include missplicing of GSK3beta in GMP LSC, enabling unphosphorylated beta-catenin to participate in LSC self-renewal. Missplicing of GSK3beta represents a unique mechanism for the emergence of BC CML LSC and might provide a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target.
Characteristics of SiO<sub>2</sub> Film Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition as the Gate Insulator of Low-Temperature Polysilicon Thin-Film Transistors (2007)

SiO2 films were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, and their physical and electrical properties were characterized for being applied as a gate insulator of low-temperature polysilicon thin-film transistors. ALD SiO2 films were deposited at 350–400 oC using alternating exposures of SiH2Cl2 and O3/O2, and the characteristics of the deposited films were improved with increasing deposition temperature. The ALD films deposited at 400 oC exhibited integrity, surface roughness and leakage current better than those of the conventional plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) films.