gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In search of the microbe/mineral interface: quantitative analysis of bacteria on metal surfaces using vertical scanning interferometry (2008)

To understand the development of biofilms on metal surfaces, analysis of initial bacterial attachment to surfaces is crucial. Here we present the results of a study, using Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 as a model organism, in which vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) was used to investigate the initial stages of cell attachment to glass, steel and aluminium surfaces. It was found that while VSI gave unambiguous results with opaque surfaces, when reflective surfaces were used, an artifact sometimes appeared, with the bacteria appearing as rod-shaped pits rather than as cells on the surface. When the bacteria were altered to increase opacity, this artifact disappeared, and upon further investigation, it was found that the observational artifact was the result of a conflict between light reflected from the bacteria and the light reflected from the bacteria-metal interface. These results suggest that not only can bacteria be measured on surfaces using VSI, but with some modifications to the analytical software, there may be a unique window for studying the bacterial/substrate interface that can be used for quantitative observations. Imaging and characterization of the bacteria-substrate interface in vivo (previously invisible) will provide new insights into the interactions that occur at this important juncture.
EcoRI cleavage and methylation of DNAs containing modified pyrimidines in the recogintion sequence. (1977)

The effects of substituents at position 5 in the pyrimidine ring of a variety of phage DNAs upon EcoRI endonuclease and methylase activities have been examined. The replacement of cytidine in DNA with glucosylated hydroxymethylcytidine confers resistance to cleavage by the EcoRI endonuclease. Substitution of thymidine in DNA by hydroxy-methyluridine(a change in the methyl at position 5 of thymidine for a hydroxymethyl) lowers the maximal velocity of endonucleolytic cleavage 20-fold, but has no detectable effect upon the Km. Substitution of thymidine in DNA by uridine (a change in the methyl at position 5 of thymidine for a hydrogen atom) has no effect upon either the maximal velocity or the Km. The effect of these modifications upon EcoRI methylase activity was markedly different. DNA containing glucosylated hydroxymethylcytidine is methylated as well as normal DNA. DNA containing uridine or hydroxy-methyluridine, in place of thymidine, is much more poorly methylated than normal DNA. These different sensitivities of the EcoRI endonuclease and methylase to modifications in the pyrimidine rings of DNA suggest there are significant differences in the manner by which these enzymes recognize and bind to the canonical EcoRI sequence.
Global control in Salmonella typhimurium: two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of starvation-, anaerobiosis-, and heat shock-inducible proteins (1986)

The response of Salmonella typhimurium to various forms of environmental stress was examined by using O'Farrell two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Polypeptides (a total of 110) which quantitatively increased during various starvations, anaerobiosis, or heat shock were identified and cataloged in reference to a standard polypeptide map. Although significant overlap was noted during comparison of proteins induced by different starvations, only a few proteins produced during heat shock or anaerobiosis were also identified as starvation inducible.
Single-cell evaluation of red blood cell bio-mechanical and nano-structural alterations upon chemically induced oxidative stress (2015)

Erythroid cells, specifically red blood cells (RBCs), are constantly exposed to highly reactive radicals during cellular gaseous exchange. Such exposure often exceeds the cells' innate anti-oxidant defense systems, leading to progressive damage and eventual senescence. One of the contributing factors to this process are alterations to hemoglobin conformation and globin binding to red cell cytoskeleton. However, in addition to the aforementioned changes, it is possible that oxidative damage induces critical changes to the erythrocyte cytoskeleton and corresponding bio-mechanical and nano-structural properties of the red cell membrane. To quantitatively characterize how oxidative damage accounts for such changes, we employed single-cell manipulation techniques such as micropipette aspiration and atomic force microscopy (AFM) on RBCs. These investigations demonstrated visible morphological changes upon chemically induced oxidative damage (using hydrogen peroxide, diamide, primaquine bisphosphate and cumene hydroperoxide). Our results provide previously unavailable observations on remarkable changes in red cell cytoskeletal architecture and membrane stiffness due to oxidative damage. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that a pathogen that infects human blood cells, Plasmodium falciparum was unable to penetrate through the oxidant-exposed RBCs that have damaged cytoskeleton and stiffer membranes. This indicates the importance of bio-physical factors pertinent to aged RBCs and it's relevance to malaria infectivity.
A comparative overview of legal frameworks governing water use and waste water discharge in the mining sector (2017)

Mining operations require access to a secure and stable water supply. Obtaining water use and discharge licenses has become increasingly challenging for mining companies in many resource rich jurisdictions. This can be attributed in part due to competing water uses in water scarce regions and pollution caused by existing and legacy mines. This report provides a comparative review of the water management regulatory frameworks of some of the largest gold and copper producing jurisdictions. The jurisdictions reviewed include Australia (Western Australia), Canada (British Columbia), Chile, China, Peru, the Philippines, South Africa, and the United States (Alaska, Arizona, Nevada and New Mexico). Interviews of mining company representatives working on water management issues complement the legal review to highlight the perceived regulatory risk by investors of the analyzed jurisdictions.
Reoperative Surgery for Postcholecystectomy Bile Duct Injuries (2002)

Development of recurrent stricture following surgical repair of a postcholecystectomy biliary injury can be related to the technique and timing of the surgical procedure, the complication may therefore be avoidable in some patients. In experienced hands the results of revisional surgery are good but are adversely affected as the number of previous repairs increases.
Resonance properties of dielectric waveguide gratings: theory and experiments at 4-18 GHz (1994)

The guided-mode resonance characteristics of dielectric waveguide gratings are presented. The sharp resonance features predicted theoretically are experimentally observed in the microwave region (4-18 GHz) and are shown to be in agreement with theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calicivirus infections in children (2003)

Continued investigations of calicivirus outbreaks are now focusing on the implicated sources of infection. While many foods and environmental waters have long been implicated as outbreak sources, the methods for detecting caliciviruses are being developed and refined. Recognition is now turning to unexpected sources of contamination, such as presumably clean foods and waters, including bottled water and minimally handled foods. Parallels between Norovirus and Salmonella ecology and epidemiology are noted, as a guide to understanding evolving new information about caliciviruses.
The Angle-Scanned Interferometer (1979)

Angle-scanned interferometers are a class of ac interferometers in which the optical path difference is varied as a function of time by varying the incidence angle. The resulting interferogram has the properties of a hologram of a point source and may be used to determine the input energy wavelength and incidence angle. A new category of interferometer type is suggested, beam symmetry, which determines the output fringe pattern behavior as a function of input angle. An interference circle diagram is presented as an aid to understanding the characteristic response of symmetrical interferometers and angle-scanned interferometers. A number of angle-scanned interferometer examples are described in terms of the interference circle diagram.
Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii as a live vaccine vector in susceptible and resistant hosts (2011)

Our findings suggest that T. gondii can be used as an effective vaccine vector and future research should focus on exploring avirulent no cyst-forming strains of T. gondii as a live vaccine vector in animals.
The New Small-Molecule Mixed-Lineage Kinase 3 Inhibitor URMC-099 Is Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory in Models of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (2013)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is a significant source of disability in the HIV-infected population. Even with stringent adherence to anti-retroviral therapy, >50% of patients living with HIV-1 will develop HAND (Heaton et al., 2010). Because suppression of viral replication alone is not enough to stop HAND progression, there is a need for an adjunctive neuroprotective therapy in this population. To this end, we have developed a small-molecule brain-penetrant inhibitor with activity against mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), named URMC-099. MLK3 activation is associated with many of the pathologic hallmarks of HAND (Bodner et al., 2002, 2004; Sui et al., 2006) and therefore represents a prime target for adjunctive therapy based on small-molecule kinase inhibition. Here we demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of URMC-099 in multiple murine and rodent models of HAND. In vitro, URMC-099 treatment reduced inflammatory cytokine production by HIV-1 Tat-exposed microglia and prevented destruction and phagocytosis of cultured neuronal axons by these cells. In vivo, URMC-099 treatment reduced inflammatory cytokine production, protected neuronal architecture, and altered the morphologic and ultrastructural response of microglia to HIV-1 Tat exposure. In conclusion, these data provide compelling in vitro and in vivo evidence to investigate the utility of URMC-099 in other models of HAND with the goal of advancement to an adjunctive therapeutic agent.
Covalent chromatography. Preparation of fully active papain from dried papaya latex (1973)

1. A Sepharose-(glutathione-2-pyridyl disulphide) conjugate has been prepared. 2. Its use in a new type of chromatography, covalent chromatography by thiol-disulphide interchange, is described. 3. With this technique, papain containing 1 intact catalytic site [thiol with high reactivity towards 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide (2-Py-S-S-2-Py) at pH4] per mol of protein is readily prepared both from dried papaya latex and from commercial 2xcrystallized partially active papain. 4. The catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-N-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester at pH6.0, 25.0 degrees C, I=0.3 by fully active papain thus prepared is characterized by K(m)=18.2+/-<0.1mm and k(cat.)=16.4+/-0.5s(-1).
Multi Channel EOG Signal Recognition for an Embedded Eye Movement Tracking Device (2009)

In this paper we describe a low cost embedded system for eye movement tracking that supports disabled persons with basic interaction with Bluetooth enabled electronic devices. The method is based on tracking the EOG potential. The device has a built-in 32-bit RISC processor that performs acquisition of multichannel differential EOG signals and signal recognition. Signal recognition is based on cross correlation principle where a simplified triangulated linear model for eye movement is used as a reference signal. The eye movement recognition is more or less user independent, but it takes some time and practice to become familiar with the system for efficient use. The embedded eye movement tracking device communicates with other devices via personal network, which is based on Bluetooth wireless technology. The communication protocol at the application level has been simplified in order to gain plain integration with other devices.
Demystifying the IPsec puzzle (2001)

From the Publisher:
Now that the Internet has blossomed into the Information Superhighway with its traffic and drivers becoming increasingly diverse, security has emerged as a primary concern. This innovative, new book offers you a global, integrated approach to providing Internet Security at the network layer. You get a detailed presentation of the revolutionary IPsec technology used today to create Virtual Private Networks and, in the near future, to protect the infrastructure of the Internet itself.

The book addresses IPsec's major aspects and components to help you evaluate and compare features of different implementations. It gives you a detailed understanding of this cutting-edge technology from the inside, which enables you to more effectively troubleshoot problems with specific products. Based on standards documents, discussion list archives, and practitioners' lore, this one-of-a-kind resource collects all the current knowledge of IPsec and describes it in a literate, clear manner.
Prevalence of genes encoding virulence factors among Escherichia coli with K1 antigen and non-K1 E. coli strains (2012)

Multiplex PCR was used to detect genes encoding selected virulence determinants associated with strains of Escherichia coli with K1 antigen (K1(+)) and non-K1 E. coli (K1(-)). The prevalence of the fimA, fimH, sfa/foc, ibeA, iutA and hlyF genes was studied for 134 (67 K1(+) and 67 K1(-)) E. coli strains isolated from pregnant women and neonates. The fimA gene was present in 83.6 % of E. coli K1(+) and in 86.6 % of E. coli K1(-) strains. The fimH gene was present in all tested E. coli K1(+) strains and in 97.0 % of non-K1 strains. E. coli K1(+) strains were significantly more likely to possess the following genes than E. coli K1(-) strains: sfa/foc (37.3 vs 16.4 %, P = 0.006), ibeA (35.8 vs 4.5 %, P<0.001), iutA (82.1 vs 35.8 %, P<0.001) and hlyF (28.4 vs 6.0 %, P<0.001). In conclusion, E. coli K1(+) seems to be more virulent than E. coli K1(-) strains in developing severe infections, thereby increasing possible sepsis or neonatal bacterial meningitis.
Construction and Physiological Studies on a Stable Bioengineered Strain of Shengjimycin. (2001)

Shengjimycin is a group of 4"-acylated spiramycins with 4"-isovalerylspiramycin as the major component, produced by recombinant S. spiramyceticus F21 harboring a 4"-O-acyltransferase gene from S. mycarofaciens 1748. A stable bioengineered strain of Streptomyces spiramyceticus WSJ-1 was constructed by integrating the 4"-O-acyltransferase gene (ist) by homologous recombination into the chromosome of the spiramycin-producing strain S. spiramyceticus F21. In this construction, a Streptomyces/E. coli shuttle plasmid pKC1139 (AmR) was used as the vector with the tsr gene used as selection marker for homologous recombination. The constructed strain, S. spiramyceticus WSJ-1,was genetically stable in production titer and proportion of components of shengjimycin as well as in maintaining the tsr selective marker when grown without selection. Southern hybridization confirmed the integrated status of the ist gene in the host genome. The production and the proportion of major component of 4"-isovalerylspiramycin of S. spiramyceticus WSJ-1 was also improved comparing with the strain harboring an autonomous plasmid -S. spiramyceticus F21/pIJ680(311) as shown by HPLC analysis. Physiological studies indicated that increase of the VDH ( valine dehydrogenase ) and LDH ( leucine dehydrogenase ) activities of WSJ-1 may be involved in this improvement.
Hibernate in Action (2004)

practically exploded onto the Java scene. Why? Because with it developers avoid a dreaded problem: object/relational mapping (ORM). There's a mismatch between your object-oriented code and the relational database you use. This object/relational mismatch requires you to write persistence code that maps one to the other, code which is often complex, tedious and costly to develop. does it for you. But not only that, makes persistence easy. Positioned as a layer between your application and your database, takes care of loading and saving of objects. apps are cheaper, more portable, and more resilient to change. And they perform better than anything you are likely to develop yourself. Hibernate in Action carefully explains the concepts you need, then gets you started quickly. Using a single, continuing example, it shows you how to use in practice, how to deal with concurrency and transactions, how to efficiently retrieve objects and use caching. The authors developed Hibernate. They answered many community questions. Their experience seeps out of every pore of this book.
Biocompatible hybrid flip chip microsystem integration for next generation wireless neural interfaces (2006)

Chronically implantable, wireless neural interfaces require biocompatible, long term stable, and high density integration of all functional sub-components. For this, the integration and interconnection concept of the wireless neural interface was proposed and interconnection materials and methods were investigated and characterized. The module consists of an electronics IC assembled to an electrode array. Thin film flex coils are glued onto the back side of the IC. The IC was interconnected by AuSn reflow flip chip bonding on the backside of the Utah electrode array (UEA) and off-chip electric components were SnCu0.7 soldered on the integrated IC/UEA module to guarantee a reliable connectivity
Model of subunit composition of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor subtypes expressed in rat cerebellum with respect to their alpha and gamma/delta subunits. (1994)

Antibodies specific for subunits of the gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor have been used to immunoprecipitate [3H]muscimol, [3H]Ro 15-4513, and [3H]Ro 15-1788 binding sites from deoxycholate-solubilized preparations of rat cerebellum. Of the antisera raised against alpha subunits, those specific for alpha 6 immunoprecipitated the largest proportion of receptors. Two populations of alpha 6-containing GABAA receptors were identified. The first was labeled with [3H]Ro 15-4513 and exhibited a pharmacological profile consistent with that observed for alpha 6 beta 2 gamma 2 in transfected cells (Lüddens, H., Pritchett, D. B., Kohler, M., Killisch, I., Keinanen, K., Monyer, H., Sprengel, R., and Seeberg, P. H. (1990) Nature 346, 648-651). The second population was labeled only with [3H]muscimol and was deduced, from quantitative immunoprecipitation studies using combinations of antibodies, to contain both alpha 6 and delta subunits. The alpha 6 subunit was not observed to be present in combination with other alpha subunits or the gamma 1 subunit. Each of the other alpha subunits was found to be present in only one population of receptors in the cerebellum. Some subunits (alpha 4, alpha 5, and gamma 3) were not detectable. By combining information from quantitative immunoprecipitation experiments and Western blot analysis, a model describing the composition of all GABAA receptors in the cerebellum was constructed that defined the following alpha and gamma/delta combinations (percentage of cerebellar GABAA receptors): alpha 6 gamma 2 (36%), alpha 6 delta (23%), alpha 1 gamma 2 (28%), alpha 2 gamma 1 (8%), and alpha 3 gamma 2 (5%).
Speaker verification using verbal information verification for automatic enrolment (2002)

A conventional speaker verification (SV) system needs an enrolment session to collect the training data. Li et al. (1997) introduced a speaker authentication method called verbal information verification (VIV) which verifies a speaker by verbal contents instead of speech characteristics. Such a system does not need an enrolment session. In this paper, VIV is combined with SV. We propose a system which uses VIV to collect training data during the first few accesses automatically, which are often from different acoustic environments. Then, a speaker dependent model is trained and speaker authentication can be performed by SV. This approach not only avoid formal enrolment session which brings convenience to the user, but mitigates the mismatch problem causing by different acoustic environments between training and test sessions. Our experiments show that the proposed system improved the SV performance over 40% compared to the conventional SV system.
Reconstruction of the 1,2-dicarbaclovododecaborane(12) structure by boron-atom insertion with (3)-1,2-dicarbollide ions (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReconstruction of the 1,2-dicarbaclovododecaborane(12) structure by boron-atom insertion with (3)-1,2-dicarbollide ionsM. Frederick Hawthorne and Patrick A. WegnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 4, 896–901Publication Date (Print):February 14, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 14 February 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01006a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (799 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Growth hormone therapy and Quality of Life: possibilities, pitfalls and mechanisms (2003)

The actions of growth hormone (GH) are not restricted to growth: GH modulates metabolic pathways as well as neural, reproductive, immune, cardiovascular, and pulmonary physiology. The importance of GH in most physiological systems suggests that GH deficiency at any age would be associated with significant morbidity. However, prior to the advent of recombinant GH, cadaver-derived GH was only used therapeutically to correct the height deficit, and thereby hypothetically improve quality of life (QoL), in GH-deficient children. Physicians now have access to unlimited, albeit expensive, supplies of recombinant GH, and are considering the advisability of GH replacement or supplementation in other patient populations. This paper analyses studies investigating the relationship between GH and QoL in GH-deficient children or adults, in GH-replete short children suffering from idiopathic short stature, Turner syndrome, or intrauterine growth retardation and in GH-deficient or replete elderly adults. Possible mechanisms by which GH might improve QoL at neural and somatic sites are also proposed.