gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium Ionophore-Treated Myeloid Cells Acquire Many Dendritic Cell Characteristics Independent of Prior Differentiation State, Transformation Status, or Sensitivity to Biologic Agents (1999)

We previously reported that treatment of human peripheral blood monocytes or dendritic cells (DC) with calcium ionophore (CI) led to the rapid (18 hour) acquisition of many characteristics of mature DC, including CD83 expression. We therefore investigated whether less-mature myeloid cells were similarly susceptible to rapid CI activation. Although the promyelocytic leukemia line HL-60 was refractory to cytokine differentiation, CI treatment induced near-uniform overnight expression of CD83, CD80 (B7.1), and CD86 (B7. 2), as well as additional characteristics of mature DC. Several cytokines that alone had restricted impact on HL-60 could enhance CI-induced differentiation and resultant T-cell sensitizing capacity. In parallel studies, CD34(pos) cells cultured from normal donor bone marrow developed marked DC-like morphology after overnight treatment with either rhCD40L or CI, but only CI simultaneously induced upregulation of CD83, CD80, and CD86. This contrasted to peripheral blood monocytes, in which such upregulation could be induced with either CI or rhCD40L treatment. We conclude that normal and transformed myeloid cells at many stages of ontogeny possess the capacity to rapidly acquire many properties of mature DC in response to CI treatment. This apparent ability to respond to calcium mobilization, even when putative signal-transducing agents are inoperative, suggests strategies for implementing host antileukemic immune responses.
An IPMSM position control system using high frequency injection sensorless technique (2012)

This paper proposes a high performance sensorless interior permanent magnet synchronous motor control system using a high frequency injection technique. A new estimation method which uses both the high-frequency d-axis current and q-axis current to estimate the rotor position is investigated. By using the proposed method, the hypothesis-synchronization signal used in the conventional high frequency injection method can be eliminated. A 1.25 kHz, 15V, sinusoidal waveform voltage is injected into the d-axis synchronous frame of the motor, and then the high frequency d-axis and q-axis currents can be measured to determine the rotor position of the motor. By using this new method, the estimation rotor position error is within ±2 electrical degrees. A sensorless position control system is implemented by using the high frequency injecting technique. The system can achieve precise position control with satisfactory performance.
Novel electro-thermal coupling simulation technique for dynamic analysis of HV (hybrid vehicle) inverter (2006)

This paper describes a novel electro-thermal coupling simulation technique mainly focused on the dynamic analysis of the HV inverter during WOT (Wide Open Throttle) operation. This technique can predict the junction temperature of power devices installed within the power module accurately. This simulation technique is composed of an inverter circuit model including power semiconductor device models, a novel compact thermal model suitable for automotive power modules and motor model. Various information and conditions such as motor current, motor rotation speed, switching frequency and variable DC-link voltage are applied to the simulation for carrying out the WOT operation. The comparison between the simulated and measured results indicates that this method offers reasonable accuracy for the IGBT temperature estimation where the worst case error in the IGBT temperature is less than 10 deg-C. It takes 210 min to complete the WOT simulation with duration of 4 seconds.
Separate elements are required for ligand‐dependent and ‐independent internalization of metastatic potentiator CXCR4 (2007)

The C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the metastatic potentiator CXCR4 regulates its function and spatiotemporal expression. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying constitutive internalization of CXCR4 compared to internalization mediated by its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1alpha)/CXCL12. We established a system to analyze the role of the CXCR4 cytoplasmic tail in steady-state internalization using the NP2 cell line, which lacks endogenous CXCR4 and SDF-1alpha. Deleting more than six amino acids from the C-terminus dramatically reduced constitutive internalization of CXCR4. Alanine substitution mutations revealed that three of those amino acids Ser(344) Glu(345) Ser(346) are essential for efficient steady-state internalization of CXCR4. Mutating Glu(345) to Asp did not disrupt internalization, suggesting that the steady-state internalization motif is S(E/D)S. When responses to SDF-1alpha were tested, cells expressing CXCR4 mutants lacking the C-terminal 10, 14, 22, 31 or 44 amino acids did not show downregulation of cell surface CXCR4 or the cell migration induced by SDF-1alpha. Interestingly, however, we identified two mutants, one with E344A mutation and the other lacking the C-terminal 17 amino acids, that were defective in constitutive internalization but competent in ligand-promoted internalization and cell migration. These data demonstrate that ligand-dependent and -independent internalization is genetically separable and that, between amino acids 336 and 342, there is a negative regulatory element for ligand-promoted internalization. Potential involvement of this novel motif in cancer metastasis and other CXCR4-associated disorders such as warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome is discussed.
New technique of localization a targeted Virtual Machine in a Cloud platform (2014)

Cloud computing gives another meaning to the word “sharing” in the world of networks. However, it gives rise to serious security problems. One of the techniques used by the attackers is the “Cloud cartography” which aims to locate a Virtual Machine in the cloud and launch a side channel attack. In this paper we propose a new technique for locating a virtual machine in a cloud environment. For this purpose, we will first trace the gateway of the cloud and then locate the target amongst the thousands of machines hosted in the cloud. Our attack is based on a new command TRACECL that can reach up to 100 routers, and we propose a method to locate the target Virtual Machine in a Cloud environment.
Low-loss spot-size transformer by dual tapered waveguides (DTW-SST) (1990)

The reduction of the insertion loss of a spot-size transformer based on dual tapered waveguides (DTW-SST) by controlling the shape of the tapered portion is discussed. The transformer is easily fabricated using a shadow mask sputtering method. A method is described for controlling independently the parameters of the tapered portion, such as the maximum taper angle, and length, and the position of tapered portion with respect to the edge of the shadow mask. A large transformation ratio (5 and 1/5) and a low insertion loss (0.7 dB) have been obtained.
Effect of facial colors on humanoids in emotion recognition using speech (2005)

The purpose of This work is to measure the effect of facial colors on a humanoid robot in emotion recognition. Several people were asked to evaluate the effect on emotion of the robot by ignoring or including facial colors together with natural speech or machine generated speech. A multimodal expression system used for the evaluation consisted of two subsystems-a facial expression subsystem having the ability of expressing three facial colors based on color psychology, that is, yellow (expressing joy), red (anger) and blue (sadness), and a speech mimicking subsystem that resynthesizes emotional speech made by a human based on prosody extraction of pitch, loudness and tempo. Our experiments show that the emotion recognition rate increases by 25% and the certainty of recognition improves when using these facial colors.
Overview of Parallel Architectures for Databases (1993)

We present and compare hardware and system architectures for databases that take advantage of parallelism. First, we state the problem and identify the main comparison criterions (price, performance, extensibility, data availability). Then, we review the major architecture classes (shared nothing, shared everything, shared disks, hybrid) and discuss their advantages and drawbacks for different kinds of workloads.
Über Neue Möglichkeiten zur Hydrierung von Stickstoff‐Heterocyclen (1958)

Abstract Dialkylaluminiumhydride HA1R 2 lagern sich glatt an CN‐Bindungen an und erweisen sich als brauchbare Reduktionsmittel für Chinolin‐ und Isochinolinverbindungen. Ihre Wirkung übertrifft die von LiA1H 4 . Je nach Wahl der Bedingungen gelangt man zu Di‐ oder Tetrahydroverbindungen. Oberhalb 100° ist eine neuartige Ringöffnung möglich, wobei aus Abkömmlingen des Chinolins in guter Ausbeute ortho ‐substituierte Aniline, aus denen des Isochinolins entsprechende Benzylamine entstehen.
Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) (2010)

The classification and pathological mechanisms of many central nervous system inflammatory diseases remain uncertain. In this article we report eight patients with a clinically and radiologically distinct pontine-predominant encephalomyelitis we have named 'chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids' (CLIPPERS). The patients were assessed clinically, radiologically and pathologically at Mayo Clinic, USA and Ghent University Hospital, Belgium from 1999 to 2009. Median follow-up duration from clinical onset was 22 months (range 7-144 months). Patients underwent extensive laboratory (serum and cerebrospinal fluid), radiological and pathological testing (conjunctival, transbronchial and brain biopsies) to search for causes of an inflammatory central nervous system disorder. All eight patients (five female, three male) presented with episodic diplopia or facial paresthesias with subsequent brainstem and occasionally myelopathic symptoms and had a favourable initial response to high dose glucocorticosteroids. All patients had symmetric curvilinear gadolinium enhancement peppering the pons and extending variably into the medulla, brachium pontis, cerebellum, midbrain and occasionally spinal cord. Radiological improvement accompanied clinical response to glucocorticosteroids. Patients routinely worsened following glucocorticosteroid taper and required chronic glucocorticosteroid or other immunosuppressive therapy. Neuropathology of biopsy material from four patients demonstrated white matter perivascular, predominantly T lymphocytic, infiltrate without granulomas, infection, lymphoma or vasculitis. Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids is a definable, chronic inflammatory central nervous system disorder amenable to immunosuppressive treatment. The T cell predominant inflammatory pathology in affected central nervous system lesions and the clinical and radiological response to immunosuppressive therapies is consistent with an immune-mediated process.
Alfred Gollin. No Longer an Island: Britain and the Wright Brothers, 1902-1909. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. 1984. Pp. x, 478. $35.00. (1985)

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Linear Inversion Method to Obtain Aerosol Size Distributions from Measurements with a Differential Mobility Analyzer (1983)

The use of a differential mobility analyzer to perform aerosol size spectrum measurements requires an inversion method to go from the measured sensor responses to the desired size spectrum information. Here we present a linear inversion method that can be run on a microcomputer or a small minicomputer. It does not use some of the approximations made in the techniques currently available and hence gives better inversion accuracy. The method shows good immunity to both random and systematic experimental error. It is applied to numerous test case aerosols.
Six-dimensional trellis-coding with QAM signal sets (1992)

A family of 6-D trellis-coded modulation (TCM) schemes which involve a 2-step partitioning of the constituent QAM signal alphabet is presented. With infinite constellations without shaping, the asymptotic coding gain is 3 dB for the 2-state code, 4 dB for the 4- and 8-state codes, and 5 dB for the 16- and 32-state codes which involve a smaller alphabet expansion. The authors also describe a rotationally invariant 16-state code that achieves the same asymptotic gain as its linear counterpart. Practical signal constellations are described for 6-D TCM with the spectral efficiency of uncoded 64-QAM, and the performance of these schemes is studied by means of computer simulations. It was found that they achieve an additional coding gain of 0.2-0.3 dB over infinite hypercube-type constellations. The performance of the presented schemes at practical signal-to-noise ratio values is evaluated using transfer function techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combined infrared absorption and modeling study of a dicarbon-dihydrogen defect in silicon (2000)

Crystalline silicon samples doped with carbon were irradiated with electrons and subsequently implanted with protons. Infrared-absorption measurements revealed local modes of hydrogen and carbon at 2967.4, 911.7, and $654.7 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},$ which originate from the same defect. Measurements on samples codoped with different carbon and hydrogen isotopes showed that the defect contains two equivalent carbon and two equivalent hydrogen atoms. From uniaxial stress measurements, the defect is found to display trigonal symmetry. Ab initio local-density-functional theory was applied to calculate the structure and local vibrational modes of defects with pairs of equivalent carbon and hydrogen atoms. Based on these results, the observed local modes are ascribed to a defect with two adjacent substitutional carbon atoms, each of which binds a hydrogen atom located between the carbon atoms.
Load Consequences when Sweeping Blades - A Case Study of a 5 MW Pitch Controlled Wind Turbine (2010)

The generic 5 MW NREL wind turbine model is used in Risoe's aeroelastic simulator HAWC2 to investigate 120 different swept blade configurations (forward and backward sweep). Sensitivity for 2 different controllers is considered as well. Backward sweep results in a pitch to feather torsional moment of the blade, effectively reducing blade twist angles under increased loading. This behaviour results in decreased flap-wise fatigue and extreme loads, an increase for edge-wise fatigue loading and status quo or slight decrease in extreme loads (depending on the controller). Tower base and shaft-end bending moments are reduced as well. Forward sweep leads to an increase in angle of attack under loading. For a pitch controlled turbine this leads to an increase in fatigue and extreme loading in all cases. A controller inflicted instability is present for the more extreme forward swept cases. Due to the shape of considered sweep curves, an inherent and significant increase in torsional blade root bending moment is noted. A boomerang shaped sweep curve is proposed to counteract this problematic increased loading. Controller sensitivity shows that adding sweep affects some loadings differently. Power output is reduced for backward sweep since the blade twist is optimized as a rigid structure, ignoring the torsional deformations which for a swept blade can be significant. (author)
Efficient high gain wideband antenna with circular array of square parasitic patches (2012)

This article proposes a low cost, high gain and wideband Fabry-Perot Cavity antenna with circular array of square parasitic patches on a superstrate layer. The antenna structure consists of a microstrip antenna, which feeds circular array of 18 square parasitic patches fabricated on a low cost FR4 superstrate. The patches are at the bottom of superstrate and suspended in air at 0.5λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> height. The structure provides gain of 16.5 dBi with 3 dB gain bandwidth of 14.6% and impedance bandwidth of 13.5%, which covers 5.15-5.875 GHz ISM band. Radiation patterns are nearly stable over the entire frequency band. The antenna provides more than 85% antenna efficiency, Side Lobe Level (SSL) less than -20 dB and Front to Back lobe ratio (F/B) of 20 dB with cross polarization less than -18 dB. The measured VSWR is less than 2 over the frequency band of interest. The proposed antenna is an attractive solution for several wireless communication systems.
Carbon-carbon - An overview (1988)

In nonoxidizing high-temperature environments, carbon-carbon composites retain room temperature properties to more than 2225 C; in oxidizing environments, the variety of coatings thus far developed limits maximum operating temperatures to about 1600 C. The high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion of these composites renders them ideal for applications encountering thermal shocks. In addition, the variety of fibers, weave patterns, and layup procedures that can be used for the composites allows mechanical properties to be carefully tailored over a wide range to fit the application in question.
DHA Improves Cognition and Prevents Dysfunction of Entorhinal Cortex Neurons in 3xTg-AD Mice (2011)

Defects in neuronal activity of the entorhinal cortex (EC) are suspected to underlie the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whereas neuroprotective effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been described, the effects of DHA on the physiology of EC neurons remain unexplored in animal models of AD. Here, we show that DHA consumption improved object recognition (q12%), preventing deficits observed in old 3xTg-AD mice (Q12%). Moreover, 3xTg-AD mice displayed seizure-like akinetic episodes, not detected in NonTg littermates and partly prevented by DHA (Q50%). Patch-clamp recording revealed that 3xTg-AD EC neurons displayed (i) loss of cell capacitance (CC), suggesting reduced membrane surface area; (ii) increase of firing rate versus injected current (F-I) curve associated with modified action potentials, and (iii) overactivation of glutamatergic synapses, without changes in synaptophysin levels. DHA consumption increased CC (q12%) and decreased F-I slopes (Q21%), thereby preventing the opposite alterations observed in 3xTg-AD mice. Our results indicate that cognitive performance and basic physiology of EC neurons depend on DHA intake in a mouse model of AD.
A transparent diode with high rectifying ratio using amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide/SiNx coupled junction (2015)

We introduce a transparent diode that shows both high rectifying ratio and low leakage current at process temperature below 250 °C. This device is clearly distinguished from all previous transparent diodes in that the rectifying behavior results from the junction between a semiconductor (amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO)) and insulator (SiNx). We systematically study the properties of each junction within the device structure and demonstrate that the a-IGZO/SiNx junction is the source of the outstanding rectification. The electrical characteristics of this transparent diode are: 2.8 A/cm2 on-current density measured at −7 V; lower than 7.3 × 10−9 A/cm2 off-current density; 2.53 ideality factor; and high rectifying ratio of 108–109. Furthermore, the diode structure has a transmittance of over 80% across the visible light range. The operating principle of the indium-tin oxide (ITO)/a-IGZO/SiNx/ITO device was examined with an aid of the energy band diagram and we propose a preliminary model for the rectifying behavior. Finally, we suggest further directions for research on this transparent diode.
Dispersion compensation for high bit rate fiber-optic communication using a dynamically tunable optical filter (1994)

A detailed analysis of dispersion-compensating fiber-optic filter is provided. Design parameters of the filter that could provide dispersion compensation for wide spectral sources are discussed. The dispersion-compensating fiber filter designed here can be dynamically tuned to compensate for the drift in the laser center frequency caused by temperature change and other deteriorations. The filter can be fabricated by exposing the photorefractive fibers to ultraviolet radiation. A design methodology for fabricating the refractive-index variation along the longitudinal direction of the fiber with appropriate chirp and taper coefficients is also given here. Dispersion-compensation capability of the fiber filter is demonstrated by simulating pulse broadening after transmission in a long fiber and the regeneration of the pulse after dispersion compensation.
Water Dispersible Silanes for Wettability Modification of Polysilicon (2002)

The objective of this research has been to develop the chemistry and techniques for the application of hydrophobic coatings on polysilicon substrates from aqueous media with the ultimate goal of applying these techniques for preventing or reducing release as well as in use stiction in microelectromechanical structure devices. In this paper, the results obtained from a chemical system consisting of a water dispersible silane and a cationic surfactant are presented. Key experimental variables that have been investigated are the concentration of reactive silane and cationic surfactant, type of oxidation pretreatment, pH of the silane dispersion, and curing temperature. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Simulation-based optimization of a parallel collimator for scintimammography using a new CdZnTe gamma-camera architecture (HiSens) (2009)

Because of the trade-off between spatial resolution and sensitivity resulting from the collimation, conventional Anger NaI-based gamma-cameras have reached their limits. To overcome these limitations, the HiSens architecture was proposed. Based on the use of a pixelated CdZnTe (CZT) detector, this architecture is characterized by an accurate 3D localization of the interactions inside the detector using a fine sampling of the CZT detector and the Depth Of Interaction (DOI) information. To reduce acquisition time or to improve image quality for a given acquisition time, a high aperture collimator is associated with the HiSens architecture. The aim of the present work is to determine the characteristics of a parallel hole collimator dedicated to scintimammography applications when using the HiSens architecture. To reach this goal, a Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) study was first used and the results were then validated using numerical simulations. They show that in geometric conditions corresponding to scintimammography, a 3.6 increase in sensitivity can be achieved while preserving the LEHR image quality, suggesting that the acquisition duration or the injected activity could be reduced by a factor 3.6.