gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soliton-state and bifurcation in nonlinear fibre couplers - analytical results (1992)

The coupled non linear Schroedinger equations that govern the soliton propagation in a non linear fibre coupler has been investigated with an variational method within the framework of the Lagrangian density formulation. In simple analytical form, general solutions have been found. These solutions lead to find new soliton elgen-states and to determine the bifurcation behaviour in non linear fibre couplers. Numerical simulation has confirmed that two types of soliton do exist in a non linear coupler.
Two‐Coordinate Fe<sup>0</sup> and Co<sup>0</sup> Complexes Supported by Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (2014)

The CAAC [CAAC=cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene] family of carbene ligands have shown promise in stabilizing unusually low-coordination number transition-metal complexes in low formal oxidation states. Here we extend this narrative by demonstrating their utility in affording access to the first examples of two-coordinate formal Fe(0) and Co(0) [(CAAC)2M] complexes, prepared by reduction of their corresponding two-coordinate cationic Fe(I) and Co(I) precursors. The stability of these species arises from the strong σ-donating and π-accepting properties of the supporting CAAC ligands, in addition to steric protection.
Customer Lifetime Value as the Basis of Customer Segmentation (2006)

SUMMARY In this article, we examine current trends in customer life-time value and customer segmentation models and identify key issues for future research. CLV-based segmentation is a segmentation approach that groups customers into meaningful segments based upon customer lifetime value and (potentially) other factors. In the article, we discuss the extent to which CLV-based segmentation meets the criteria for effective segmentation. We also identify six areas for future research: (1) models and management of “micro-segments,” (2) using CLV-based segmentation to improve the efficiency of marketing programs, (3) the need for more dynamic CLV-based segmentation models, (4) applying CLV-based customer segmentation to new products and new customers, (5) challenges associated with implementing CLV-based segmentation, and (6) the need for new models that enable firms to segment customers by response to marketing activities and CLV at different points in the customer decision process.
The autoclavable semirigid thoracoscope: the way forward in pleural disease? (2007)

Medical thoracoscopy is a valuable tool in the investigation and management of pleural disease. It has considerable advantages over conventional blind pleural biopsy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Despite this, the practice of this technique in the UK is limited. Most operators use the rigid thoracoscope, which may be an unfamiliar instrument to respiratory physicians. A semirigid thoracoscope is available but its use has not been possible in the UK as it requires sterilisation with ethylene oxide, which is not approved in this country. The present authors describe herein their experience with the first ever autoclavable semirigid thoracoscope. Medical thoracoscopy using the new instrument was performed in 56 patients between June 2004 and May 2006. All patients had been referred with a unilateral pleural effusion of unknown aetiology, where blind pleural aspiration had failed to yield an answer. Diagnostic samples were taken and talc poudrage performed where appropriate. The instrument was easy to handle and excellent views were obtained. Histologically adequate biopsy samples were obtained in 54 patients. The combination of clinical features, computed tomography findings and thoracoscopic biopsy enabled a definite diagnosis in 49 (90.7%) of these patients. There were no complications. The autoclavable semirigid thoracoscope has immense potential in the diagnosis and management of pleural disease. Its diagnostic yield in pleural disease is comparable to the conventional rigid thoracoscope. It is similar in design to the fibreoptic bronchoscope and respiratory physicians should be able to adapt to its use easily. It is also compatible with existing video processors and light sources available in most endoscopy suites. The fact that this instrument is autoclavable should open the field for its use in the UK as well as in other countries.
Defining the complementarities between antibodies and haptens to refine our understanding and aid the prediction of a successful binding interaction (2015)

The best binding antibodies have shown improved capacity to recognize these haptens by establishing complementary binding pockets in terms of size, shape, and electrostatic potential.
ACC/AHA Guidelines for Ambulatory Electrocardiography: Executive Summary and Recommendations (1999)

HomeCirculationVol. 100, No. 8ACC/AHA Guidelines for Ambulatory Electrocardiography: Executive Summary and Recommendations
Proteomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Vanishing White Matter Mouse Astrocytes Reveal Deregulation of ER Functions (2017)

Vanishing white matter (VWM) is a leukodystrophy with predominantly early-childhood onset. Affected children display various neurological signs, including ataxia and spasticity, and die early. VWM patients have bi-allelic mutations in any of the five genes encoding the subunits of the eukaryotic translation factor 2B (eIF2B). eIF2B regulates protein synthesis rates under basal and cellular stress conditions. The underlying molecular mechanism of how mutations in eIF2B result in VWM is unknown. Previous studies suggest that brain white matter astrocytes are primarily affected in VWM. We hypothesized that the translation rate of certain astrocytic mRNAs is affected by the mutations, resulting in astrocytic dysfunction. Here we subjected primary astrocyte cultures of wild type (wt) and VWM (<i>2b5<sup>ho</sup></i> ) mice to pulsed labeling proteomics based on stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) with an L-azidohomoalanine (AHA) pulse to select newly synthesized proteins. AHA was incorporated into newly synthesized proteins in wt and <i>2b5<sup>ho</sup></i> astrocytes with similar efficiency, without affecting cell viability. We quantified proteins synthesized in astrocytes of wt and <i>2b5<sup>ho</sup></i> mice. This proteomic profiling identified a total of 80 proteins that were regulated by the eIF2B mutation. We confirmed increased expression of PROS1 in <i>2b5<sup>ho</sup></i> astrocytes and brain. A DAVID enrichment analysis showed that approximately 50% of the eIF2B-regulated proteins used the secretory pathway. A small-scale metabolic screen further highlighted a significant change in the metabolite 6-phospho-gluconate, indicative of an altered flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Some of the proteins migrating through the secretory pathway undergo oxidative folding reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). The PPP produces NADPH to remove ROS. The proteomic and metabolomics data together suggest a deregulation of ER function in <i>2b5<sup>ho</sup></i> mouse astrocytes.
Multi-Period Credit Default Prediction: A Survival Analysis Approach (2012)

The book deals with the problem to estimate credit default probabilities under a flexible multi-period prediction horizon. Multi-period predictions are naturally desirable because the maturity of loans usually spans several periods. However, single-period models largely prevail in the literature so far due to their simplicity. Predicting over multiple periods indeed entails certain challenges that do not arise within a single-period view. Among the main contributions of this work to the literature is to show that there are relatively simple solutions to these challenges available.\n\nFrom a methodological point of view, a survival analysis approach is used. In a survival analysis context, the time until default (or lifetime) is the central variable under investigation as opposed to the traditional approach of reducing the information to a binary variable representing the default event. Modeling the time until default has the advantage that both the timing of default events and censored data are utilized. Since both issues gain importance as the prediction horizon grows it is no coincidence that a survival analysis approach is selected for the multi-period prediction problem. \n\nThe main results of the work are the following. First, a new index for measuring the predictive accuracy of default predictions is proposed and its advantages over commonly used indices are shown both theoretically and by an empirical analysis. This is part of the second chapter which further includes new methods of statistical inference for the new index. In the third chapter, default prediction models for the case of panel datasets with time-varying covariates are dealt with. A new approach is developed that is simpler than the models available in the literature so far. In an empirical study concerning North American public firms, we provide evidence that the proposed approach delivers more accurate predictions than its competitors as well. In the final chapter, the problem of assigning default probability estimates to given rating grades is examined. If default events are rare, standard approaches have certain drawbacks. As an alternative, an empirical Bayes approach is presented that mitigates the effects of data sparseness. The new estimator is applied to a comprehensive sample of sovereign bonds. Among the main findings of the empirical part is that capital requirements for sovereign bonds are likely to be underestimated by using standard approaches but not when using the empirical Bayes estimator.
Analog-to-Digital Conversion to Accommodate the Dynamics of Live Music in Hearing Instruments (2012)

Hearing instrument design focuses on the amplification of speech to reduce the negative effects of hearing loss. Many amateur and professional musicians, along with music enthusiasts, also require their hearing instruments to perform well when listening to the frequent, high amplitude peaks of live music. One limitation, in most current digital hearing instruments with 16-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converters, is that the compressor before the A/D conversion is limited to 95 dB (SPL) or less at the input. This is more than adequate for the dynamic range of speech; however, this does not accommodate the amplitude peaks present in live music. The hearing instrument input compression system can be adjusted to accommodate for the amplitudes present in music that would otherwise be compressed before the A/D converter in the hearing instrument. The methodology behind this technological approach will be presented along with measurements to demonstrate its effectiveness.
A germ line mutation in exon 5 of the p53 gene in an extended cancer family. (1991)

Germ line p53 point mutations have been reported for some families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a syndrome characterized by a dominantly inherited increased susceptibility for the development of early age of onset neoplasms of diverse origin in multiple family members. All of the initially reported p53 germ line mutations have been found exclusively within a single conserved, nonpolymorphic region of the gene between condons 245 and 258. The restricted distribution of these inherited mutations has led to speculation that germ line p53 mutations have unique properties [B. Vogelstein, Nature (Lond.), 348: 681-682, 1990]. We report here on the identification of a p53 germ line mutation at codon 133 (ATG----ACG) in nine members of an extended Li-Fraumeni syndrome family. This mutation leads to an amino acid substitution in the protein and is shown to completely cosegregate with Li-Fraumeni syndrome associated cancer in this family. Its location extends the region of the p53 gene where inherited mutations predisposing to cancer are observed and suggests that their distribution may be diverse.
[Effect of smoking on the long-term course of ulcerative colitis]. (1998)

The lesser need for oral steroids and the lower actuarial rate of colectomy in smokers suggest that ulcerative colitis in smokers is characterized by a less severe clinical presentation and a better long term prognosis than in nonsmokers.
Feasible spaces in weld gun selection (2008)

An important requirement of any robot-assisted welding process is to ensure that a set of weld locations on a work assembly can be reached by the robot-weld gun assembly without colliding with the work assembly and surrounding tooling. A weld gun that maintains a valid contact at the a weld location without interference is said to be feasible at that location. An important class of problems in welding process planning and optimization reduce to the problems of verification and synthesis of feasible weld guns for a given set of weld locations. We formulate these problems using standard geometric modeling operations and show how they can be solved in a commercial CAD system. Our approach exemplifies a more general strategy for planning in reconfigurable manufacturing in terms of configuration spaces. A prototype implementation in Unigraphics NX4 with realistic industrial models demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach to weld process planning.
Only aggressive elephants are fast elephants (2012)

Yellow elephants are slow. A major reason is that they consume their inputs entirely before responding to an elephant rider's orders. Some clever riders have trained their yellow elephants to only consume parts of the inputs before responding. However, the teaching time to make an elephant do that is high. So high that the teaching lessons often do not pay off. We take a different approach. We make elephants aggressive; only this will make them very fast. We propose HAIL (Hadoop Aggressive Indexing Library), an enhancement of HDFS and Hadoop MapReduce that dramatically improves runtimes of several classes of MapReduce jobs. HAIL changes the upload pipeline of HDFS in order to create different clustered indexes on each data block replica. An interesting feature of HAIL is that we typically create a win-win situation: we improve both data upload to HDFS and the runtime of the actual Hadoop MapReduce job. In terms of data upload, HAIL improves over HDFS by up to 60% with the default replication factor of three. In terms of query execution, we demonstrate that HAIL runs up to 68x faster than Hadoop. In our experiments, we use six clusters including physical and EC2 clusters of up to 100 nodes. A series of scalability experiments also demonstrates the superiority of HAIL.
Tunable near-infrared femtosecond solitongeneration in photonic crystal fibres (2001)

Femtosecond Raman soliton generation, tunable from 850–1050 nm, has been demonstrated by pumping untapered photonic crystal fibre with 110 fs pulses from a modelocked Ti:sapphire laser. Experimental results are in excellent agreement with the results of numerical simulations using an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Phosphatidylinositol increases HDL-C levels in humans (2004)

Studies have shown that phosphatidylinositol (PI) can stimulate reverse cholesterol transport by enhancing the flux of cholesterol into HDL and by promoting the transport of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) to the liver and bile. The goal of this study was to determine the safety and therapeutic value of PI after oral administration to normolipidemic human subjects. We performed a randomized 2 week study in 16 normolipidemic subjects. Subjects received either 2.8 or 5.6 g of PI, with or without food. PI was well tolerated by all subjects. PI significantly affected the levels of HDL-C and triglyceride in the plasma of subjects receiving PI with food. The lower dose showed a 13% increase in HDL-C, whereas the high dose showed an increase of 18% over the 2 week period. Both low- and high-dose groups showed significant increases in plasma apolipoprotein A-I. The high dose of PI also decreased plasma triglycerides by 36% in the fed subjects. These data suggest that after only 2 weeks, PI may have a comparable therapeutic value to niacin, with negligible side effects.
Three-dimensional digital PCR through light-sheet imaging of optically cleared emulsion (2020)

The realization of the vast potential of digital PCR (dPCR) to provide extremely accurate and sensitive measurements in the clinical setting has thus far been hindered by challenges such as assay robustness and high costs. Here we introduce a lossless and contamination-free dPCR technology, termed CLEAR-dPCR, which addresses these challenges by completing the dPCR sample preparation, PCR, and readout all in one tube. Optical clearing of the droplet dPCR emulsion was combined with emerging light-sheet fluorescence microscopy, to acquire a three-dimensional (3D) image of a half million droplets sealed in a tube in seconds. CLEAR-dPCR provides ultrahigh-throughput readout results in situ and fundamentally eliminates the possibility of either sample loss or contamination. This approach exhibits improved accuracy over existing dPCR platforms and enables a greatly increased dynamic range to be comparable to that of real-time quantitative PCR.
Fast, Simple, Feature Preserving and Memory Efficient Simplification of Triangle Meshes (2003)

We propose a new iterative algorithm for the automatic geometric simplification of a triangle mesh based on edge collapse transformations. The way how geometric deviation resulted from an edge collapse transformation is measured plays a basic role in inducing a priority ordering on the set of edge collapse transformations to control the simplification process. We introduce a new technique to measure this deviation based only on current simplified mesh and the new concept of accumulating the cost of collapse, which are easy to implement and involve simple computations making the algorithm computationally efficient. No geometric history is needed to be retained, so the resulting algorithm is also memory efficient. Results and numerical comparisons show that our algorithm generates simplified meshes of good visual fidelity, which compares well with those by other methods in terms of maximum and mean geometric error and it preserves the visually important features of the original mesh.
Evolution, biogenesis, expression, and target predictions of a substantially expanded set of <i>Drosophila</i> microRNAs (2007)

MicroRNA (miRNA) genes give rise to small regulatory RNAs in a wide variety of organisms. We used computational methods to predict miRNAs conserved among Drosophila species and large-scale sequencing of small RNAs from Drosophila melanogaster to experimentally confirm and complement these predictions. In addition to validating 20 of our top 45 predictions for novel miRNA loci, the large-scale sequencing identified many miRNAs that had not been predicted. In total, 59 novel genes were identified, increasing our tally of confirmed fly miRNAs to 148. The large-scale sequencing also refined the identities of previously known miRNAs and provided insights into their biogenesis and expression. Many miRNAs were expressed in particular developmental contexts, with a large cohort of miRNAs expressed primarily in imaginal discs. Conserved miRNAs typically were expressed more broadly and robustly than were nonconserved miRNAs, and those conserved miRNAs with more restricted expression tended to have fewer predicted targets than those expressed more broadly. Predicted targets for the expanded set of microRNAs substantially increased and revised the miRNA-target relationships that appear conserved among the fly species. Insights were also provided into miRNA gene evolution, including evidence for emergent regulatory function deriving from the opposite arm of the miRNA hairpin, exemplified by mir-10, and even the opposite strand of the DNA, exemplified by mir-iab-4.
Interactions among calcium compartments in C6 rat glioma cells: involvement of potassium channels. (1994)

1. Variations in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) induced by alteration of the extracellular concentrations of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o) and K+ ([K+]o) were imaged in single fluo-3-loaded C6 glioma cells. In addition, the effect of membrane potential on [Ca2+]i was investigated in fura-2-loaded, voltage-clamped cells. 2. Step alterations of [Ca2+]o from 0 to 10 nM were followed by proportional variations in [Ca2+]i, with a maximum 7-fold increase and an apparent half-maximum at [Ca2+]o of 1.5 mM. 3. The time to half-maximum change (t1/2) of [Ca2+]o-associated [Ca2+]i variations ranged between 10 and 50 s, and was inversely related to the amplitude of [Ca2+]o steps. 4. Transient, serotonin-induced [Ca2+]i elevations, used as a measure of Ca2+ availability in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive stores, were diminished within 10 min in 0 mM [Ca2+]o, but were unaffected by [Ca2+]o changes in the 1-5 mM range. 5. Restoration of normal [Ca2+]i following its elevation by serotonin was delayed by removal of external Na+ or Cl- and was enhanced by warming the medium to 37 degrees C. These conditions did not affect [Ca2+]o-associated [Ca2+]i variations. 6. [Ca2+]o-associated [Ca2+]i variations were depressed by La3+ and Ba2+, while blockers of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels were ineffective. 7. Elevated [K+]o depressed the basal level of [Ca2+]i, and in high concentrations (70-140 mM) also diminished the response to serotonin. 8. Depolarizing the membrane potential of voltage-clamped cells reversibly reduced [Ca2+]i. These membrane-potential associated [Ca2+]i variations were blocked by La3+, Ba2+ and TEA, all of which also depolarized membrane resting potential. 9. Apamin (at 1-10 microM), a blocker of [Ca2+]i-activated K+ channel, totally and reversibly prevented [Ca2+]o-associated [Ca2+]i variations. 10. These studies indicate that C6 cells are responsive to variations in [Ca2+]o, and that a K+ channel is a possible path through which Ca2+ penetrates into the cell.
Dynamic Driver Supply Voltage Scaling for Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays (2013)

Organic light emitting diode (OLED) display is a self-illuminating device that is supposed to be more power efficient than liquid crystal display (LCD). However, OLED display panels consume as much power as LCD panels due to total internal reflection. As the power consumption of the OLED panel depends on the pixel colors, most of the earlier power saving methods alter the pixel colors. In practice, such OLED power saving techniques can hardly accommodate photo viewers and movie players. This paper introduces the first OLED power saving technique that dynamically changes the supply voltage of the panel. Reduced supply voltage results in both power saving and decreased pixel luminance, but model-based color correction restores the decreased luminance with minimum color distortion. This technique is similar to dynamic backlight scaling of LCDs but is based on the unique characteristics of the OLED drivers. We provide an online color compensation algorithm using the luminance histogram. Luminance quantization in the histogram also achieves resource minimization. We develop a prototype and demonstrate the proposed OLED dynamic voltage scaling (DVS). Experimental result shows that the proposed OLED DVS saves up to 74.7% of the display power for the still images and up to 35.9% for movie clips.