gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo optical imaging of physiological responses to photostimulation in human photoreceptors (2016)

Noninvasive functional imaging of molecular and cellular processes of vision may have immense impact on research and clinical diagnostics. Although suitable intrinsic optical signals (IOSs) have been observed ex vivo and in immobilized animals in vivo, detecting IOSs of photoreceptor activity in living humans was cumbersome and time consuming. Here, we observed clear spatially and temporally resolved changes in the optical path length of the photoreceptor outer segment as a response to an optical stimulus in the living human eye. To witness these changes, we evaluated phase data obtained with a parallelized and computationally aberration-corrected optical coherence tomography system. The noninvasive detection of optical path length changes shows neuronal photoreceptor activity of single cones in living human retina, and therefore, it may provide diagnostic options in ophthalmology and neurology and could provide insights into visual phototransduction in humans.
Silencer Elements Modulate the Expression of the Gene for the Neuron-Glia Cell Adhesion Molecule, Ng-CAM (1995)

The combined factors that regulate the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) during development of the nervous system are largely unknown. To identify such factors for Ng-CAM, the neuron-glia CAM, constructs containing portions of the 5' end of the Ng-CAM gene were examined for activity after transfection into N2A neuroblastoma and NIH3T3 cells. Positive regulatory elements active in both cell types included an Ng-CAM proximal promoter with SP1 and cAMP response element motifs extending 447 base pairs upstream of a single RNA start site and a region within the first exon corresponding to 5'-untranslated sequences. Negative regulatory elements included five neuron-restrictive silencer elements (NRSEs) and a binding site for Pax gene products in a 305-base pair segment of the first intron. Constructs containing the promoter together with the entire first intron were active in N2A cells but were silenced in NIH3T3 cells. This silencer activity was mapped to the NRSEs. In contrast, the Pax motif inhibited activity of Ng-CAM constructs in both cell types. The DNA elements defined in these transfection experiments were examined for their ability to bind nuclear factors. The region within the first exon formed a DNA-protein complex after exposure to nuclear extracts prepared from both NIH3T3 and N2A cells. The NRSE region formed a more prominent complex with proteins prepared from NIH3T3 cells than it did with extracts from N2A cells. A member of the Pax protein family, Pax-3 bound to the Pax motif. Mutations introduced within the Pax motif in its ATTA sequence eliminated this binding whereas mutations in its GTTCC sequence did not, suggesting that paired homeodomain interactions are important for the recognition of Pax-3 by this DNA target sequence. The combined data suggest that negative regulation by NRSEs and Pax proteins may play a key role in the place-dependent expression patterns of Ng-CAM during development.
Do Citations Count? Citation Indexing and the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) (1996)

Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community has been digitised and can be accessed in full on this website. All content is freely available on an open-access basis. Serials was published between 1988 and 2011. In 2012, the journal was retitled and is now published as Insights: the UKSG journal.
Improvement in Hydrogen Productivity by a Leavening Bacterium,<i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>GAO, and Its Application to<i>Mantou</i> (1995)

Journal Article Improvement in Hydrogen Productivity by a Leavening Bacterium, Enterobacter cloacae GAO, and Its Application to Mantou Get access Asako Tamura, Asako Tamura Department of Food Science, Otsuma Women´s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroko Nagano, Hiroko Nagano Department of Food Science, Otsuma Women´s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, JapanFaculty of Education, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501–11, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masashi Omori, Masashi Omori Department of Food Science, Otsuma Women´s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Zenya Shoji, Zenya Shoji Department of Food Science, Otsuma Women´s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, JapanFaculty of Education, Akita University, Tegatagakuen, Akita 010, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sadaaki Iibushi, Sadaaki Iibushi Department of Food Science, Otsuma Women´s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, JapanWayo Women’s University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272–01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Motoo Arai Motoo Arai Department of Food Science, Otsuma Women´s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, JapanCollege of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 593, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 59, Issue 11, 1 January 1995, Pages 2137–2139, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.2137 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Published: 01 January 1995 Received: 23 February 1995
A Sequential Pd-AAA/Cross-Metathesis/Cope Rearrangement Strategy for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Butenolides (2019)

A practical and highly enantio- (up to 94:6 er) and diastereoselective (up to >20:1 dr) synthesis of γ-butenolides bearing two adjacent stereogenic centers is reported featuring a sequential direct palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation/( E)-selective cross-metathesis/[3,3]-sigmatropic Cope rearrangement from readily available α-substituted (5 H)-furan-2-ones.
Demonstrating non-Abelian statistics of Majorana fermions using twist defects (2015)

We study the twist defects in the toric code model introduced by Bombin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 030403 (2010)]. Using a generalized two-dimensional Jordan-Wigner transformation and a projective construction, we show explicitly that twist defects carry unpaired Majorana zero modes. In addition, we propose a quantum nondemolition measurement scheme of the parity of Majorana modes. Such a scheme provides an alternative avenue to demonstrate the non-Abelian statistics of Majorana fermions. The braiding operation is simulated by a nonrepetitive measurement-based approach which removes the uncertainty associated with forced measurements.
Visualisation and reconstruction in dentistry (2002)

Visualisation in the field of dentistry has not, thus far, reached the same development as other medical fields. Potential applications of visualisation techniques in this area, however, are many, ranging from educational displays to training for delicate procedures. This paper reports on the investigation of techniques for handling 3D models of teeth, aiming at the investigation of dental structures. An algorithm was implemented for this purpose, which reconstructs 3D teeth models from 2D contour slices. Results employing various data sets are presented, including the output of VRML models for exploration.
A 50 kilowatt distributed grid-connected photovoltaic generation system for the University of Wyoming (2002)

The University of Wyoming (UW) campus (USA) is serving as the site for a 50 kilowatt solar photovoltaic (PV) power system. Three sub-systems were sited and built on the UW campus in 1996. The first sub-system, a 10 kW roof-integrated system of PV roof tiles is located on the roof of the Engineering Building. The second sub-system-a 5 kW rack-mounted, ballasted PV system is on a walkway roof of the Engineering building. The third sub-system is a 35 kW shade structure system and is located adjacent to the parking lot of the University's football stadium. The three sub-systems differ in their design strategy since each is being used for research and education at the University. Each sub-system, being located at some distance away from one another, supplies a different part of the campus grid. Efforts continue at setting up a central monitoring system which will receive data remotely from all locations. A part of this monitoring system is complete. While the initial monitoring data shows satisfactory performance, a number of reliability problems with PV modules and inverters have delayed full functionality of the system.
MicroRNA-Based Single-Gene Circuits Buffer Protein Synthesis Rates against Perturbations (2014)

Achieving precise control of mammalian transgene expression has remained a long-standing, and increasingly urgent, challenge in biomedical science. Despite much work, single-cell methods have consistently revealed that mammalian gene expression levels remain susceptible to fluctuations (noise) and external perturbations. Here, we show that precise control of protein synthesis can be realized using a single-gene microRNA (miRNA)-based feed-forward loop (sgFFL). This minimal autoregulatory gene circuit consists of an intronic miRNA that targets its own transcript. In response to a step-like increase in transcription rate, the network generated a transient protein expression pulse before returning to a lower steady state level, thus exhibiting adaptation. Critically, the steady state protein levels were independent of the size of the stimulus, demonstrating that this simple network architecture effectively buffered protein production against changes in transcription. The single-gene network architecture was also effective in buffering against transcriptional noise, leading to reduced cell-to-cell variability in protein synthesis. Noise was up to 5-fold lower for a sgFFL than for an unregulated control gene with equal mean protein levels. The noise buffering capability varied predictably with the strength of the miRNA-target interaction. Together, these results suggest that the sgFFL single-gene motif provides a general and broadly applicable platform for robust gene expression in synthetic and natural gene circuits.
High Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy with a Microcalorimeter (2005)

Energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) is often the preferred choice for X-ray microanalysis, but there are still many disadvantages associated with EDS, the most significant of which is the relatively poor energy resolution, which limits detection sensitivity and the ability to distinguish among closely spaced spectral features, limiting even qualitative analysis. A new type of EDS detector that operates on the principle of microcalorimetry has the potential to eliminate this shortcoming, reaching resolutions an order of magnitude better. The detector consists of an absorber in thermal contact with a transition edge sensor (TES). An X-ray from the specimen hits the absorber and manifests itself as a change in temperature. Because the system is kept at 80 mK, the heat capacity is low and the temperature spike is observable. The TES responds to the increase in temperature by transitioning from its superconducting to its normal conducting state, thus sharply raising the overall resistance of the circuit. The circuit is kept at a constant voltage, so the increase in resistance is manifested as a decrease in current flow. This decrease in current is measured by a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), and by integrating the current over time, the energy of the incident X-ray is determined. The prototype microcalorimeter was developed by NIST, and this technology is now available commercially through a partnership between Vericold Technologies and EDAX International. ORNL has received the first of these commercial microcalorimeters in the United States. The absorber in this detector is gold, and the TES consists of a gold-iridium bilayer. It is designed to offer spectral resolution of 10-15 eV at a count rate of ~150 s-1. The goal of this project was to analyze and document the performance of the detector, with particular attention given to the effects of an X-ray optic used to improve collection efficiency, the multiple window system and any other sources of spectral artifacts. It was found that the detector is capable of distinguishing many Lα and Lβ spectral lines, with a resolution between 13 and 17 eV. It was also observed that the background has an unusual shape, and this is largely being attributed to the variable transmission coefficient of the X-ray optic. These preliminary results suggest that the microcalorimeter has a high potential for use in microanalysis, but more work to quantify its capabilities must still be done.
How smartphones are changing the face of mobile and participatory healthcare: an overview, with example from eCAALYX (2011)

The latest generation of smartphones are increasingly viewed as handheld computers rather than as phones, due to their powerful on-board computing capability, capacious memories, large screens and open operating systems that encourage application development. This paper provides a brief state-of-the-art overview of health and healthcare smartphone apps (applications) on the market today, including emerging trends and market uptake. Platforms available today include Android, Apple iOS, RIM BlackBerry, Symbian, and Windows (Windows Mobile 6.x and the emerging Windows Phone 7 platform). The paper covers apps targeting both laypersons/patients and healthcare professionals in various scenarios, e.g., health, fitness and lifestyle education and management apps; ambient assisted living apps; continuing professional education tools; and apps for public health surveillance. Among the surveyed apps are those assisting in chronic disease management, whether as standalone apps or part of a BAN (Body Area Network) and remote server configuration. We describe in detail the development of a smartphone app within eCAALYX (Enhanced Complete Ambient Assisted Living Experiment, 2009-2012), an EU-funded project for older people with multiple chronic conditions. The eCAALYX Android smartphone app receives input from a BAN (a patient-wearable smart garment with wireless health sensors) and the GPS (Global Positioning System) location sensor in the smartphone, and communicates over the Internet with a remote server accessible by healthcare professionals who are in charge of the remote monitoring and management of the older patient with multiple chronic conditions. Finally, we briefly discuss barriers to adoption of health and healthcare smartphone apps (e.g., cost, network bandwidth and battery power efficiency, usability, privacy issues, etc.), as well as some workarounds to mitigate those barriers.
Nanoscale Ligand Spacing Influences Receptor Triggering in T Cells and NK Cells (2013)

Bioactive nanoscale arrays were constructed to ligate activating cell surface receptors on T cells (the CD3 component of the TCR complex) and natural killer (NK) cells (CD16). These arrays are formed from biofunctionalized gold nanospheres with controlled interparticle spacing in the range 25-104 nm. Responses to these nanoarrays were assessed using the extent of membrane-localized phosphotyrosine in T cells stimulated with CD3-binding nanoarrays and the size of cell contact area for NK cells stimulated with CD16-binding nanoarrays. In both cases, the strength of response decreased with increasing spacing, falling to background levels by 69 nm in the T cell/anti-CD3 system and 104 nm for the NK cell/anti-CD16 system. These results demonstrate that immune receptor triggering can be influenced by the nanoscale spatial organization of receptor/ligand interactions.
Bio-Inspired Carbon Nanotube–Polymer Composite Yarns with Hydrogen Bond-Mediated Lateral Interactions (2013)

Polymer composite yarns containing a high loading of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) have been developed in which the inherent acrylate-based organic coating on the surface of the DWNT bundles interacts strongly with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) through an extensive hydrogen-bond network. This design takes advantage of a toughening mechanism seen in spider silk and collagen, which contain an abundance of hydrogen bonds that can break and reform, allowing for large deformation while maintaining structural stability. Similar to that observed in natural materials, unfolding of the polymeric matrix at large deformations increases ductility without sacrificing stiffness. As the PVA content in the composite increases, the stiffness and energy to failure of the composite also increases up to an optimal point, beyond which mechanical performance in tension decreases. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirm this trend, showing the dominance of nonproductive hydrogen bonding between PVA molecules at high PVA contents, which lubricates the interface between DWNTs.
Regulated formation of eicosanoids (2001)

Between 1965 and the mid-1980s, investigators laid a durable foundation for understanding the regulated formation and metabolic disposition of eicosanoids. First, they sought, and found in arachidonic acid, the biosynthetic precursor for the prostaglandins. Second, they identified phospholipids as the cellular compartment that harbored arachidonic acid, and they identified phospholipases as the enzymes essential for its liberation and for the ensuing biosynthesis of prostaglandins (1). Third, they deduced the existence of transient intermediates in the prostanoid biosynthetic pathway, leading to the eventual discovery of the prostaglandin endoperoxides, PGG 2 and PGH 2 (2, 3). Fourth, they established that the enzyme PGH synthase, or cyclooxygenase (COX), was a molecular target of great medical significance in reproductive, cardiovascular, and inflammatory disorders (4). Fifth, they established that rapid, comprehensive pulmonary metabolism limited the steady-state levels and duration of action of prostanoids, implying that they acted as autocoid lipid mediators, not hormones. Finally, they identified new prostanoids (5, 6) and their biosynthetic enzymes, as well as new lipoxygenase enzymatic pathways and their leukotriene products (7, 8), as medically significant molecules.
Deletion of podocyte STAT3 mitigates the entire spectrum of HIV-1-associated nephropathy (2013)

Development of glomerular as well as tubulointerstitial injuries in the Tg26 HIVAN model is dependent on podocyte STAT3 expression. Inhibition of STAT3 could be a potential adjunctive therapy for the treatment of HIVAN.
How effective are landmarks and their geometry for face recognition (2006)

This paper evaluates how biologically meaningful landmarks and their geometry extracted from face images can be used for face recognition. The traditional Procrustes distance is studied for the lan...
Magnetic resonance imaging of the filtration process (2000)

Abstract This article demonstrates that 3‐D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides sufficient spatial resolution to visualize accurately the internal architecture of a 10‐in. cartridge filter and housing. A paramagnetic material (<5‐μm iron‐oxide particles) used as the contaminant, together with a gradient‐echo imaging sequence, enables location of the areas on the filter surface where the particles are deposited, even at the earliest stages of blocking. The magnetic susceptibility contrast mechanism of MR imaging sequence and particulate matter produces a far larger volume reduction in MR signal than that generated by the actual displacement of fluid by the particles. Using this spatial amplification effect, the temporal performance of the filter was studied by imaging the deposition of 3.75 g of the particulate material at ten incremental stages of blocking. Blocking is heterogeneous initially, both longitudinally along the filter length and radially across the transverse sections, and continues to be heavier in the areas of initially greater deposition as more material is entrapped. The correlation between the areas of heavy blocking and the internal support structure of the filter cartridge is discussed, since those regions appear to be strongly related to the cartridge body design. In a separate set of experiments, the 3‐D flow field of a Newtonian fluid through the filter system was measured for an unblocked filter. These measurements also show some correlation between the spatial heterogeneity of particulate deposition and the heterogeneous flow paths of liquid through the filter.
Mixed-Initiative Feature Engineering Using Knowledge Graphs (2017)

This paper proposes a mixed-initiative feature engineering approach using explicit knowledge captured in a knowledge graph complemented by a novel interactive visualization method. Using the explicitly captured relations and dependencies between concepts and their properties, feature engineering is enabled in a semi-automatic way. Furthermore, the results (and decisions) obtained throughout the process can be utilized for refining the features and the knowledge graph. Analytical requirements can then be conveniently captured for feature engineering -- enabling integrated semantics-driven data analysis and machine learning.
Logo based Image Copyright Protection using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Fuzzy Inference System (2012)

The digital revolution has resulted in explosion of knowledge. It has encouraged and motivated digitization of the intellectual artefact. This creates issues of piracy and copyright. In this paper, the authors propose a novel logo based watermarking scheme for image copyright protection using fuzzy inference system (FIS), discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and human visual system (HVS). Wavelet transform generates a hierarchical image data structure to represent an image at different resolution levels. The proposed scheme uses fuzzy inference system to adaptively insert logo watermark instead of using uniform thresholding. The weight of watermark is determined by human visual system characteristics and fuzzy inference system. The image is reconstructed by computing inverse discrete wavelet transform to get imperceptible image watermarking. The watermark is then recovered at the receiver end by applying DWT to watermarked image.
Current concepts of pelvic congestion and chronic pelvic pain. (2001)

Chronic pelvic pain in women is a common and disabling illness caused by numerous organic pathologies usually accompanied by varying psychological dysfunctions. Many patients may receive misdiagnosis, misdirected therapies, or do not seek help at all. Pelvic congestion may be responsible for pain in patients without more common diseases, such as endometriosis and pelvic adhesions, among others. Our view of this condition is evolving. In the United States, this medical condition remains controversial. More recent research from the United Kingdom has caused a fresh look at the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pelvic pain produced by pelvic congestion. Potentially, many patients may benefit from a reconsideration of this approach.