gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MF59 Adjuvant Enhances the Antibody Response to Recombinant Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Vaccine in Primates (1996)

The effect of the proprietary adjuvant MF59 on the immunogenicity of a recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, PreS2+SAg, was investigated in baboons. The magnitude and duration of the antibody response to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) induced by the HBV/MF59 vaccine was compared with the same antigen combined with alum and with two licensed alum vaccines. After one immunization, the HBV/MF59 vaccine generated anti-HBs titers >10 mIU/mL in a greater proportion of animals, and mean titers were 26- to 84-fold higher than titers from alum vaccines. After a third immunization, the HBV/MF59 vaccine generated titers 38- to 127-fold higher than alum vaccines. Seven months after the third immunization, HBV/MF59 elicited titers 75- to 472-fold higher than alum vaccines. The dramatic immune response elicited by HBV/MF59 in baboons suggests that MF59 may be a desirable adjuvant for use in improved HBV vaccines for humans.
Roentgenologic Manifestations and Clinical Symptoms of Rib Abnormalities (1943)

During a period extending from January 1930 to June 1942, the Department of Radiology at the University of Colorado Medical School and Hospitals made 38,105 roentgenograms of those portions of the body which lend themselves specifically to a study of rib abnormalities. This includes all roentgenograms of the spine, chest, and abdomen. Among the number there were found 59 rib abnormalities (0.15 per cent of the total). For purposes of simplification, the anomalies have been grouped into seven classifications: (1) cervical ribs; (2) lumbar ribs; (3) bipartition, or “forking” of the anterior end of a rib; (4) synostosis, or bony union of adjoining ribs; (5) “tile-roof” ribs, or imbrication of ribs; (6) rudimentary ribs; (7) other deformities. Cervical Ribs Nineteen instances of cervical ribs, or 32 per cent of the 59 cases, were seen. Details as to their number, length, occurrence unilaterally or bilaterally, and whether they were jointed or non-jointed, are given in Table I. In every instance the cervical ribs were contingent to the seventh cervical vertebra. Two observations of interest were made: (1) the average length of the right cervical ribs (44.4 mm.) was slightly greater than the average length of the left cervical ribs (37.5 mm.); (2) the incidence of jointed ribs was only slightly greater than that of non-jointed ribs, the ratio being 17 to 14. The longest cervical ribs were of the jointed variety, the longest right rib measuring 85 mm. and the longest left rib 70 mm. The shortest cervical ribs were non-jointed and measured 22 mm. for both the right and left sides. Figure 1 shows an illustrative case. Association with symptoms has been grouped as a very positive correlation; a slightly positive correlation; and a negative correlation. In 10, or 52.6 per cent, of the cervical rib cases there was a very positive correlation. In these cases the chief complaint was pain. In 6 this was localized to the back of the neck, and in the remaining 4 cases it radiated to the shoulder or supraclavicular region. There was no instance of neuromuscular disturbances of the hands or arms. In 3, or 15.9 per cent, of the cases, the patient had complained of vague pain localized to the shoulder joint, suggestive of a bursitis. These 3 cases were regarded as showing only an indication of correlation. In the remaining 6, or 31.5 per cent of the cases, symptoms were not at all referable to the cervical ribs and the correlation was classed as negative. In 68.5 per cent of the cases of cervical ribs, therefore, there was an association of symptoms with the presence of the anomaly. While age was of no significance, it is of interest that the range of the group was from eighteen to fifty-six years. More than two-thirds of the patients were females (Table III), there being 13 females and 6 males. Because of the small size of the series, however, no conclusions can be drawn from these figures. Lumbar Ribs Seventeen (29.3 per cent) cases of lumbar ribs were found.
The Ciliopathy Gene <i>ahi1</i> Is Required for Zebrafish Cone Photoreceptor Outer Segment Morphogenesis and Survival (2017)

The results indicate that Ahi1 is required for photoreceptor disc morphogenesis and outer segment maintenance in zebrafish.
4H-SiC high power SIJFET module (2004)

5kV high power full SiC module technology was developed and 1.6kV 40A SIJFET module was fabricated for the first time, which is the pressure contact flat package type and includes four 6mm /spl times/ 6mm SiC SIJFETs in addition to one 6mm /spl times/ 6mm SiC fly wheeling pn diode. SiC SIJFET operates as the bipolar transistor and its current gain ranges from 20 to 4000. Its turn-on time and turn-off time are 360ns and 109 ns respectively. Since the SIJFET module has not only high current gains but also high switching speeds, it is suitable for the low loss power conversion circuits.
Thin films of Pd/Ni alloys for detection of high hydrogen concentrations (1992)

Thin alloy films of Pd and Ni (8%&lt;Ni&lt;20% in at. %) formed by dual-electron-beam evaporation techniques have been found to give durable and quickly reversible detectors of high H2 concentrations (pH2 0.1%–100%, 0.7–700 Torr) near 1 atm and 300 K, including accurate determinations of pH2 around the lower explosive limit of 4% in air. The addition of Ni suppresses the α to β phase transition found in pure Pd under these conditions. The measurement of resistivity changes in the thin films along with flatband shifts of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors on the same Si wafer gives accurate values of pH2 over more than six decades.
The direct conversion of α-olefins into vinyl- and allyl-silances catalysed by rhodium complexes (1981)

A. Millan, E. Towns and P. M. Maitlis, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1981, 673 DOI: 10.1039/C39810000673
Inhibition of bacterial growth and malolactic fermentation in wine by bacteriophage (1986)

Bacteriophage present in wine can attack bacterial starter cultures and inhibit the malolactic fermentation. The possibility of starter culture failure due to phage attack was studied in a commercial dry red wine of pH 3·23, inoculated with a multiple strain starter culture. During two stages of malolactic fermentation, bacterial growth and malate degradation in the wine were inhibited. A phage capable of lysing isolates of Leuconostoc oenos was isolated from the wine. The isolated phage had an icosahedral head of 42–45 nm diameter and a flexible, regularly cross‐striated tail 197–207 nm long with a small baseplate. The results confirm that phage can attack bacterial starter cultures in wine at low pH.
Silafunctional compounds in organic synthesis. 35. Silafunctional .alpha.,.beta.-epoxy silanes. Transformation into erythro- and threo-1,2-diol skeletons and its application to the synthesis of (.+-.)-exo-brevicomin (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilafunctional compounds in organic synthesis. 35. Silafunctional .alpha.,.beta.-epoxy silanes. Transformation into erythro- and threo-1,2-diol skeletons and its application to the synthesis of (.+-.)-exo-brevicominKohei Tamao, Eiji Nakajo, and Yoshihiko ItoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 19, 4412–4414Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00228a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00228a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views519Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rat Achilles tendon healing: mechanical loading and gene expression (2009)

Injured tendons require mechanical tension for optimal healing, but it is unclear which genes are upregulated and responsible for this effect. We unloaded one Achilles tendon in rats by Botox injections in the calf muscles. The tendon was then transected and left to heal. We studied mechanical properties of the tendon calluses, as well as mRNA expression, and compared them with loaded controls. Tendon calluses were studied 3, 8, 14, and 21 days after transection. Intact tendons were studied similarly for comparison. Altogether 110 rats were used. The genes were chosen for proteins marking inflammation, growth, extracellular matrix, and tendon specificity. In intact tendons, procollagen III and tenascin-C were more expressed in loaded than unloaded tendons, but none of the other genes was affected. In healing tendons, loading status had small effects on the selected genes. However, TNF-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta1, and procollagens I and III were less expressed in loaded callus tissue at day 3. At day 8 procollagens I and III, lysyl oxidase, and scleraxis had a lower expression in loaded calluses. However, by days 14 and 21, procollagen I, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, tenascin-C, tenomodulin, and scleraxis were all more expressed in loaded calluses. In healing tendons, the transverse area was larger in loaded samples, but material properties were unaffected, or even impaired. Thus mechanical loading is important for growth of the callus but not its mechanical quality. The main effect of loading during healing might thereby be sought among growth stimulators. In the late phase of healing, tendon-specific genes (scleraxis and tenomodulin) were upregulated with loading, and the healing tissue might to some extent represent a regenerate rather than a scar.
Standardizing Analysis of Circulating MicroRNA: Clinical and Biological Relevance (2013)

Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) provide a new dimension as clinical biomarkers for disease diagnosis, progression, and response to treatment. However, the discovery of individual miRNAs from biofluids that reliably reflect disease states is in its infancy. The highly variable nature of published studies exemplifies a need to standardize the analysis of miRNA in circulation. Here, we show that differential sample handling of serum leads to inconsistent and incomparable results. We present a standardized method of RNA isolation from serum that eliminates multiple freeze/thaw cycles, provides at least three normalization mechanisms, and can be utilized in studies that compare both archived and prospectively collected samples. It is anticipated that serum processed as described here can be profiled, either globally or on a gene by gene basis, for c-miRNAs and other non-coding RNA in the circulation to reveal novel, clinically relevant epigenetic signatures for a wide range of diseases.
Energy-efficient soft real-time CPU scheduling for mobile multimedia systems (2003)

This paper presents GRACE-OS , an energy-efficient soft real-time CPU scheduler for mobile devices that primarily run multimedia applications. The major goal of GRACE-OS is to support application quality of service and save energy. To achieve this goal, GRACE-OS integrates dynamic voltage scaling into soft real-time scheduling and decides how fast to execute applications in addition to when and how long to execute them. GRACE-OS makes such scheduling decisions based on the probability distribution of application cycle demands, and obtains the demand distribution via online profiling and estimation. We have implemented GRACE-OS in the Linux kernel and evaluated it on an HP laptop with a variable-speed CPU and multimedia codecs. Our experimental results show that (1) the demand distribution of the studied codecs is stable or changes smoothly. This stability implies that it is feasible to perform stochastic scheduling and voltage scaling with low overhead; (2) GRACE-OS delivers soft performance guarantees by bounding the deadline miss ratio under application-specific requirements; and (3) GRACE-OS reduces CPU idle time and spends more busy time in lower-power speeds. Our measurement indicates that compared to deterministic scheduling and voltage scaling, GRACE-OS saves energy by 7% to 72% while delivering statistical performance guarantees.
Praziquantel-induced tegumental damage <i>in vitro</i> is diminished in schistosomes derived from praziquantel-resistant infections (2001)

The aggressive use of praziquantel to combat schistosomiasis in Egpyt raises concern about the possible emergence of resistance. Eggs from Egyptian patients with praziquantel-resistant infections (not cured by 3 doses of praziquantel) have been used to establish infection-specific schistosome isolates in mice. The response of these worms to the drug was observed in vitro, in order to determine if the isolates obtained from these resistant infections were, in fact, less responsive to praziquantel. One of the hallmark effects of praziquantel on schistosomes in vitro is a disruption of the worm's outer surface, the tegument. Here, praziquantel-induced tegumental damage is observed in 3 distinct isolates, 2 derived from resistant infections and 1 from an infection cured by a single dose. The isolates from the resistant infections were less susceptible to praziquantel-induced tegumental damage in vitro, suggesting that the worms are in some way less responsive to the drug.
Modeling Response Time in Digital Human Communication (2021)

Our daily lives increasingly involve interactions with other individuals via different communication channels, such as email, text messaging, and social media. In this paper we focus on the problem of modeling and predicting how long it takes an individual to respond to an incoming communication event, such as receiving an email or a text. In particular, we explore the effect on response times of an individual's temporal pattern of activity, such as circadian and weekly patterns which are typically present in individual data. A probabilistic time-warping approach is used, considering linear time to be a transformation of "effective time,'' where the transformation is a function of an individual's activity rate. We apply this transformation of time to two different types of temporal event models, the first for modeling response times directly, and the second for modeling event times via a Hawkes process. We apply our approach to two different sets of real-world email histories.The experimental results clearly indicate that the transformation-based approach produces systematically better models and predictions compared to simpler methods that ignore circadian and weekly patterns.
Secure Outsourcing of Matrix Operations as a Service (2013)

This paper reports the design of a cloud-based service for coordinating secure outsourcing of storage and computation of scientific data, particularly matrices. While this service may support different secure outsourcing protocols and mechanisms (e.g. homomorphic encryption, secret sharing and randomization), we hide all the complexity from end-users and move it to a middleware broker. The broker manages the communication between the client and one or more clouds. The requests submitted by users are automatically translated into WS-BPEL workflows and then executed by the broker workflow engine to coordinate the control flow and the data flow for outsourcing of matrix operations. We detail the architecture of our framework and the design of its key components. Our work facilitates real-world and practical deployment of recently proposed secure outsourcing protocols.
Fault identification in an AC-DC transmission system using neural networks (1992)

The authors explore the possibility of using neural networks to identify faults that can occur in an AC-DC power system. Three types of neural network models have been studied and are compared. These networks can sense AC bus voltages either as root mean square (RMS) values (with or without phase angle information) or as sampled instantaneous values of sine waves. Depending on which method is used, some confusion can occur in distinguishing a line to line fault from a remote AC fault. A delay of 1-2 cycles in detection of faults when using RMS values is expected due to the algorithm required for determining the RMS value. This may not be too critical in practice. However, where this delay is unacceptable, instantaneous values may be used. Based on the ability of these networks to distinguish reliably between different types of faults, appropriate control measures can be taken to improve the dynamic performance of the AC-DC power system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MPLS-TP OAM Framework and Overview (2009)

Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) is
based on a profile of the MPLS and pseudowire (PW) procedures as
specified in the MPLS Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE), pseudowire (PW)
and multi-segment PW (MS-PW) architectures complemented with
additional Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) procedures
for fault, performance and protection-switching management for packet
transport applications that do not rely on the presence of a control
plane. This document provides a framework that supports a
comprehensive set of OAM procedures that fulfills the MPLS-TP OAM
requirements [11].
Herpesviruses--Immune Escape Artists? (1992)

Viral persistence depends on the successful avoidance of the host's immunologic surveillance system. This review, which focuses specifically on the herpesviruses, delineates several possible strategies for evading or delaying the immune response. One strategy common to all herpesviruses is the establishment of latency, a state in which the virus may be partially or even completely hidden from the immune system. Other proposed mechanisms of immune evasion include interaction of the virus with components of the humoral immune system, virus-induced modulation of cell-surface recognition structures, and virally mediated interference in antigen processing. Additional strategies include molecular mimicry and the ability of one particular herpesvirus to encode an immunosuppressive cytokine. Although a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of herpesvirus-mediated immune evasion is currently lacking, future studies should identify those critical interactions between host and virus that may prove amenable to therapeutic intervention.
New Manufacturing Method of Z-Pinned Composite Laminates (2010)

any techniques including 3D weaving, stitching and braiding have been developed to enhance inter-laminar strength of laminated composites. However, z-pinning is the only technique which can be applied to prepreg laminated composite structures. If the other techniques are used to prepreg which is half cured composite materials, probably it might result in excessive fiber damage that degrades in-plane mechanical properties. This is a serious limitation because presently many highly loaded composite components, including many aircraft structures, are made using prepreg laminates [1, 2]. In 1989, the first z-pinning concept as shown in Fig. 1 was registered as a USA patent [3]. In this concept they use a kind of foam material called „preform‟ which contains z-pins to be inserted in laminates. The preform placed on the laminated prepregs is easily collapsed by curing pressure inside autoclave, so the z-pins are inserted to the laminated prepregs during autoclave
Rat Embryonic Fibroblasts Improve Reprogramming of Human Keratinocytes into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2011)

Patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells not only provide a promising tool for cellular disease models in general, but also open up the opportunity to establish cell-type-specific systems for personalized medicine. One of the crucial prerequisites for these strategies, however, is a fast and efficient reprogramming strategy from easy accessible somatic cell populations. Keratinocytes from plucked human hair had been introduced as a superior cell source for reprogramming purposes compared with the widely used skin fibroblasts. The starting cell population is, however, limited and thereby further optimization in terms of time, efficiency, and quality is inevitable. Here we show that rat embryonic fibroblasts (REFs) should replace mouse embryonic fibroblasts as feeder cells in the reprogramming process. REFs enable a significantly more efficient reprogramming procedure as shown by colony number and total amount of SSEA4-positive cells. We successfully produced keratinocyte-derived hiPS (k-hiPS) cells from various donors. The arising k-hiPS cells display the hallmarks of pluripotency such as expression of stem cell markers and differentiation into all 3 germ layers. The increased reprogramming efficiency using REFs as a feeder layer occurred independent of the proliferation rate in the parental keratinocytes and acts, at least in part, in a non-cell autonomous way by secreting factors known to facilitate pluripotency such as Tgfb1, Inhba and Grem1. Hence, we provide an easy to use and highly efficient reprogramming system that could be very useful for a broad application to generate human iPS cells.
Emulsification of Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> Using Gum Arabic Increases Bioavailability in Rats and Human and Improves Food-Processing Suitability (2010)

We evaluated the characteristics of a coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) formulation created with gum arabic. We defined the formulation's "modulus of inclusion," a reference index of the emulsified state, as the CoQ(10) not extracted by hexane as a percentage of the total CoQ(10) content of the formulation. The emulsified CoQ(10) formulation had a smaller particle size and larger modulus of inclusion value than the equivalent unemulsified formulation. In a kinetic study in rats, serum CoQ(10) levels were significantly greater with the emulsified CoQ(10) formulation than with the equivalent unemulsified formulation, which barely increased the levels. In a human study, oral intake of the emulsified formulation significantly increased plasma CoQ(10) levels, which peaked 6 h after intake, compared with the equivalent unemulsified formulation or CoQ(10) bulk powder. There was a significant positive correlation between baseline plasma CoQ(10) and total cholesterol levels, but no correlation was observed between absorption of CoQ(10) and baseline CoQ(10) levels. The emulsified CoQ(10) formulation was highly stable against heat and high humidity and in the presence of some materials (magnesium oxide, vitamin C, and vitamin E). In conclusion, emulsification of CoQ(10) using gum arabic increased bioavailability in both rats and humans and improved suitability for food processing.