gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Dengue Virus Resistance to Brequinar in Cell Culture (2010)

Brequinar is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Here we report that brequinar has activity against a broad spectrum of viruses. The compound not only inhibits flaviviruses (dengue virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, and Powassan virus) but also suppresses a plus-strand RNA alphavirus (Western equine encephalitis virus) and a negative-strand RNA rhabdovirus (vesicular stomatitis virus). Using dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) as a model, we found that brequinar suppressed the viral infection cycle mainly at the step of RNA synthesis. Supplementing the culture medium with pyrimidines (cytidine or uridine) but not purines (adenine or guanine) could be used to reverse the inhibitory effect of the compound. Continuous culturing of DENV-2 in the presence of brequinar generated viruses that were partially resistant to the inhibitor. Sequencing of the resistant viruses revealed two amino acid mutations: one mutation (M260V) located at a helix in the domain II of the viral envelope protein and another mutation (E802Q) located at the priming loop of the nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) polymerase domain. Functional analysis of the mutations suggests that the NS5 mutation exerts resistance through enhancement of polymerase activity. The envelope protein mutation reduced the efficiency of virion assembly/release; however, the mutant virus became less sensitive to brequinar inhibition at the step of virion assembly/release. Taken together, the results indicate that (i) brequinar blocks DENV RNA synthesis through depletion of intracellular pyrimidine pools and (ii) the compound may also exert its antiviral activity through inhibition of virion assembly/release.
Lane marking aided vehicle localization (2013)

A localization system that exploits L1-GPS estimates, vehicle data, and features from a video camera as well as lane markings embedded in digital navigation maps is presented. A sensitivity analysis of the detected lane markings is proposed in order to quantify both the lateral and longitudinal errors caused by 2D-world hypothesis violation. From this, a camera observation model for vehicle localization is proposed. The paper presents also a method to build a map of the lane markings in a first stage. The solver is based on dynamical Kalman filtering with a two-stage map-matching process which is described in details. This is a software-based solution using existing automotive components. Experimental results in urban conditions demonstrate an significant increase in the positioning quality.
Fifteen Famous Supreme Court Cases from Georgia pp.10-15 (2004)

Hosch Professor Dan T. Coenen shares his selection of 15 important U.S. Supreme Court cases that originated in the state of Georgia.
Polymorphism of palm oil and palm oil products (1989)

Abstract Palm oil, palm stearin, hydrogenated palm oil (IV 27.5) and hydrogenated palm olein (IV 28) were crystallized at 5°C, temperature cycled between 5 and 20°C, and kept isothermally at 5°C for 36 days. The polymorphic state of the fats was monitored by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Soft laser scanning of X‐ray films was used to establish the increase in β crystal content. Palm stearin was least stable in the β′ form, followed by palm oil. The hydrogenated oils were very stable in the β′ form. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis was used to complement the X‐ray data.
Recovering Implicit Thread Structure in Newsgroup Style Conversations (2021)

On-line discussions are composed of multiple inter-woven threads, regardless of whether that threaded structure is made explicit in the representation and presentation of the conversational data. Recovering the thread structure is valuable since it makes it possible to isolate discussion related to specific subtopics or related to particular conversational goals. In prior work, thread structure has been reconstructed using explicit meta-data features such as posted by and reply to relationships. The contribution of this paper is a novel approach to recovering thread structure in discussion forums where this explicit meta-data is missing. This approach uses a graph-based representation of a collection of messages where connections between messages are postulated based on inter-message similarity. We evaluate three variations of this simple baseline approach that exploit in different ways the temporal relationships between messages. The results show that the three proposed approaches outperform the simple threshold-cut baseline.
Comparing quasi-Newton methods for solving sparse interface problems (1993)

Temperature affects animal physiology, including aging and lifespan. How temperature and biological systems interact to influence aging and lifespan has been investigated using model organisms, including the nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. In this review, we discuss mechanisms by which diverse cellular factors modulate the effects of ambient temperatures on aging and lifespan in <i>C. elegans. C. elegans</i> thermosensory neurons alleviate lifespan-shortening effects of high temperatures via sterol endocrine signaling and probably through systemic regulation of cytosolic proteostasis. At low temperatures, <i>C. elegans</i> displays a long lifespan by upregulating the cold-sensing TRPA channel, lipid homeostasis, germline-mediated prostaglandin signaling, and autophagy. In addition, co-chaperone p23 amplifies lifespan changes affected by high and low temperatures. Our review summarizes how external temperatures modulate <i>C. elegans</i> lifespan and provides information regarding responses of biological processes to temperature changes, which may affect health and aging at an organism level.
Magnetic resonance neuroimaging : methods and protocols (2011)

The advent of non-invasive imaging technology, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has allowed biologists and clinicians to make great strides in unraveling the secrets of the brain. In Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field provide a comprehensive collection of experimental MRI protocols that can be used to non-invasively interrogate the healthy and diseased brain. The chapters are divided into general techniques, such as the measurement of relaxivity, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, and MR reporter genes, as well as specific applications in brain imaging, for example, phenotyping transgenic animals, detecting amyloid plaques, and fMRI in psychiatry. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series, this work contains the type of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Thorough and cutting-edge, Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging: Methods and Protocols serves neuroscientists, clinical neurologists, psychiatrists, and radiologists with an excellent compendium of methods easily applied to both animal and human studies and certain to be an excellent resource for translational research
Models of the Impact of Overlap in Bucket Rendering (1998)

into coherent regions that are rendered independently. The primary benefits of this technique are the decrease in the size of the working set of framebuffer memory required during rendering and the possibility of processing multiple regions in parallel. The drawbacks of this technique are the cost of computing the regions overlapped by each triangle and the redundant work required in processing triangles multiple times when they overlap multiple regions. Tile size is a critical parameter in bucket rendering systems: smaller tile sizes allow smaller memory footprints and better parallel load balancing but exacerbate the problem of redundant computation.
Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) Is a Secreted Glycoprotein that Is Overexpressed by Serous and Endometrioid Ovarian Carcinomas (2005)

Among the genes most commonly identified in gene expression profiles of epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOC) is the gene for human epididymis protein 4 (HE4). To ascertain its clinical utility, we did a comprehensive assessment of HE4 protein expression in benign and malignant ovarian and nonovarian tissues by immunohistochemistry. In comparison with normal surface epithelium, which does not express HE4, we found that cortical inclusion cysts lined by metaplastic Mullerian epithelium abundantly express the protein. Its expression in tumors was restricted to certain histologic subtype: 93% of serous and 100% of endometrioid EOCs expressed HE4, whereas only 50% and 0% of clear cell carcinomas and mucinous tumors, respectively, were positive. Tissue microarrays revealed that the majority of nonovarian carcinomas do not express HE4, consistent with our observation that HE4 protein expression is highly restricted in normal tissue to the reproductive tracts and respiratory epithelium. HE4 is predicted to encode a secreted protein. Using reverse transcription-PCR, we identified ovarian cancer cell lines that endogenously overexpress HE4. Cultured medium from these cells revealed a secreted form of HE4 that is N-glycosylated. This observation is consistent with the recent report that HE4 circulates in the bloodstream of patients with EOC. Therefore, HE4 is a secreted glycoprotein that is overexpressed by serous and endometrioid EOCs. Its expression in cortical inclusion cysts suggests that formation of Mullerian epithelium is a prerequisite step in the development of some types of EOCs.
Priapism: A Refined Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment (1986)

The recent introduction of intracorporeal injections of papaverine and phentolamine for the diagnosis and treatment of impotence has resulted in an increased incidence of iatrogenic priapism. Based on our research into penile hemodynamics we propose a refined approach to all types of priapism. Intracorporeal blood gas and pressure monitoring should be used to differentiate ischemic (low flow) from nonischemic (high flow) types. Most cases of papaverine-induced or phentolamine-induced priapism will respond to aspiration alone or in combination with intracorporeal instillation of a diluted alpha-adrenergic agent. In spontaneous priapism alpha-adrenergic agents can be tried first if patients have only mild or no ischemia. In patients with severe ischemia stagnant blood should be evacuated and a shunt procedure should be performed to allow metabolic replenishment of tissue. Intracorporeal pressure monitoring will help to determine the size and number of shunts needed to re-establish corporeal circulation.
Strip steel surface defect image mosaic method based on area CCD (2010)

The strip steel surface defects which collected by area CCD are not continuous image, there are overlap between each other. In order to join the overlapped images properly, and meantime maintain the original image feature, a weighted average fusion method based on provincial characteristics is adapted. A linear interpolation image fusion method is proposed for improving the contrast of the fused image, enhance the high frequency information, and eliminate matching trace. With linear interpolation image fusion, the pixels gray value of overlap area is replaced by the corresponding weighted average of gray value in two images. Experimental results show that the fusion method can meet the requirements of strip steel defect detection. And it can effectively eliminate the traces of image mosaic, make the image clearer. This made a foundation for the strip surface defect identification and quality evaluation.
Chemical, structural, and electrical property studies on the fluorination of the 90 K superconductor yttrium barium cuprate, YBa2Cu3O6.8 (1988)

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Sensitivity and Dynamics of Bioreceptor‐based Biosensors (1987)

Bioreceptors can provide the basis for specific and sensitive biosensors. There are many sources of bioreceptors in nature for biochemicals of interest in biotechnology and biomedicine. These bioreceptors (antibodies, enzymes, membrane proteins, binding proteins) can be modified and produced in large quantities using modern biotechnological techniques. The characteristics of the biosensor can also be fine-tuned by modifying the structure of the analog-analyte, which will also provide several orders of magnitude of range sensitivity with a given bioreceptor. The ultimate sensitivity of the biosensor may be limited by the dissociation kinetics of the reaction between analyte and bioreceptor because there is a trade-off between sensitivity and sensor response rate to changes in analyte concentration.
Development of Viral Vectors for Use in Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (2010)

Cardiovascular disease represents the most common cause of mortality in the developed world but, despite two decades of promising pre-clinical research and numerous clinical trials, cardiovascular gene transfer has so far failed to demonstrate convincing benefits in the clinical setting. In this review we discuss the various targets which may be suitable for cardiovascular gene therapy and the viral vectors which have to date shown the most potential for clinical use. We conclude with a summary of the current state of clinical cardiovascular gene therapy and the key trials which are ongoing.
Measurement of Spatial and Polarization Birefringence in Two-Mode Elliptical Core Fibers (2013)

By analyzing the SOP evolution as function of wavelength the group birefringence of both the polarization and spatial modes of elliptical-core two-mode fibers with systematically varied ellipticity (b/a≈0.1-0.64) is measured over a broad wavelength range around 1550 nm.
Update on Atopic Dermatitis (2019)

With an increasing prevalence during the past decades, atopic dermatitis has become a global health issue. A literature search following a targeted approach was undertaken to perform this non-systematic review, which intends to provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, comorbidities, and current therapies for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. In sum, this is a heterogeneous skin disorder associated with variable morphology, distribution, and disease course. Although not completely understood, its pathogenesis is complex and seems to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors that induce skin barrier dysfunction, cutaneous and systemic immune dysregulation, skin microbiota dysbiosis, and a strong genetic influence. Diagnosis is based on specific criteria that consider patient and family history and clinical manifestations. Overall disease severity must be determined by evaluating both objective signs and subjective symptoms. Therapeutic goals require a multistep approach, focusing on reducing pruritus and establishing disease control. Patients should be advised on basic skin care and avoidance of triggers. Topical anti-inflammatory agents should be considered in disease flares or chronic/recurrent lesions. In case of inadequate response, phototherapy, systemic immunosuppressants and, more recently, dupilumab, should be added. Nevertheless, the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis remains challenging and novel, efficacious, safe and targeted treatments are urgently needed. In conclusion, although the last few years have seen important improvement in the understanding of the disease, future research in atopic dermatitis will continue exploring gene-environment interactions and how it affects pathophysiology, disease severity, and treatment outcomes.
Frequency-resolved optical gating with electro-optic sampling (2013)

We have demonstrated a new pulse characterization technique, cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating with electro-optic sampling. Sub-single-cycle mid-infrared pulses were characterized with the absolute carrier-envelope phase values by using the method.
Cryptography and Secure Communications (1993)

From the Publisher:
This book provides a practical introduction to cryptographic principles and algorithms for communication security and data privacy-both commercial and military-written by one of the world's leading authorities on encryption and coding. Covering the latest developments in cryptography for all data communication professionals who need an understanding of cryptographic technology,the book explains the Data Encryption Standard,stream ciphers,public-key cryptosystems,arithmetic operating circuits,important classes of BCH and Reed-Solomon codes for multiple-error correction,ciphertext protection against illegal deletion or injection of information,practical cryptographic applications,and more.
Determination of Nitrite in Waters by Microplate Fluorescence Spectroscopy and HPLC with Fluorescence Detection (1999)

A selective and versatile fluorescence spectroscopic method for the determination of nitrite in waters has been developed. Nitrite reacts in the presence of mineral acids with the nonfluorescent N-methyl-4-hydrazino-7-nitrobenzofurazan forming N-methyl-4-amino-7-nitrobenzofurazan, which can be detected by fluorescence spectroscopy with an excitation maximum at lambda = 468 nm and an emission maximum at lambda = 537 nm in acetonitrile. Three new methods based on this reaction have been developed: Direct fluorescence spectroscopy, HPLC/fluorescence, or HPLC with UV/vis detector may be selected as detection techniques. On microplates, high-throughput fluorescence spectroscopy is achieved, while HPLC/fluorescence provides lower limits of detection, and HPLC with UV/vis detection enables evaluation of the reaction with standard instrumentation. Different water samples were investigated using all detection modes, and a photometric standard procedure was successfully employed to validate the new methods with an independent technique.
Stigmatellin, a new antibiotic from Stigmatella aurantiaca (Myxobacterales). I. Production, physico-chemical and biological properties. (1984)

An antibiotic activity was extracted from the cell mass of the myxobacterium, Stigmatella aurantiaca strain Sg a15. The antibiotic was toxic for yeasts and filamentous fungi, but not for most bacteria. The compound had the molecular formula C30H42O7, appears to be a new antibiotic, and was named stigmatellin. In addition to stigmatellin, the strain produced relatively large quantities of a second, structurally unrelated antibiotic, a mixture of three myxalamid homologues.
ChemInform Abstract: AMPHIPHILIC COMPOUNDS, I. SYNTHESIS OF 1‐ARYL‐, 1‐AROYL‐ AND 1‐BENZYL‐2,3,4,5‐TETRAHYDRO‐1H‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINES (1984)

Abstract Die Cyclisierung des chloracety‐ lierten Anthranilsäureesters (I) mit primären Aminen (II) liefert Benzodiazepindione (III), die durch Reduktion in die entsprechenden Benzodiazepine (IV) übergeführt werden.
Combination Effect of Vancomycin and β-Lactams against a <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> Strain, Mu3, with Heterogeneous Resistance to Vancomycin (2001)

We tested the combined activity of vancomycin and seven beta-lactam antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain Mu3, which displays heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin. When combined with vancomycin, four of the seven tested beta-lactams exhibited an additive effect at or near their MICs, while all showed an antagonistic effect at lower, sub-MIC levels. This study implicated the unpredictable nature of combination therapy of beta-lactams and vancomycin against S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin.
Low-temperature and low-pressure non-oxidative activation of methane for upgrading heavy oil (2015)

This study creates a novel catalytic route for low-temperature and low-pressure non-oxidative utilization of methane and opens a door for upgrading heavy oil with natural gas under fairly mild operation conditions instead of expensive hydrogen under rather stringent ones.
Mevalonate Metabolism: Role of Kidneys (1976)

More than one-half of the amount of mevalonate that is metabolized by pathways not leading to sterols is accounted for by the action of the kidneys. Conversion of mevalonate in vivo to squalene and sterols in the kidneys is confined almost entirely to the proximal and distal convoluted tubules in the cortex. More sterol than squalene is synthesized from mevalonate not only in the liver but also in the kidney.
O empoderamento de mulheres através da inclusão digital (2010)

Apresenta o relato de projeto desenvolvido em uma cooperativa de costureiras, estruturada em moldes solidários, com o objetivo de promover, através da inclusão digital, o empoderamento de mulheres que trabalham no setor de corte dessa organização. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa-ação, a qual implica uma interação do pesquisador com seus sujeitos de investigação para a análise da realidade  encontrada e para a construção de conhecimento. A intervenção ocorreu com a tecnologia social de residência solidária, que consiste na identificação, junto à comunidade, da situação problema, a partir da qual se elabora um projeto com objetivo de contribuir para sua solução. Entre as principais constatações, verificou-se a dificuldade de o gestor social contar com a abertura da organização e a complexidade em envolver todas as cooperadas no projeto. Além disso, pelas características dessa ação, as respostas dos participantes nem sempre seguiram o previsto ou os prazos planejados, cabendo ao gestor realizar as adaptações  necessárias ao longo do tempo. Por fim, a inclusão digital mostrou-se capaz de gerar o empoderamento necessário para se obter maior participação das pessoas em seu trabalho e para o desenvolvimento da cooperativa como um todo.Palavras-chaveResidência solidária. Empoderamento. Inclusão digital. Mulheres.Women’s empowerement throught digital inclusionAbstractThis article describes a situation of social intervention, based on the use of social technology of Social Justice Residence Program and aims to demonstrate the potential of this tool for training social managers and for the autonomy of workers. The methodology used was a research-action, which means an interaction of researcher and the ones object of research, in order to come to an analysis of the found reality and build up knowledge. This intervention took place through the social technology of joint residence, which consists in identifying, in such a community, situation problem, with the purpose of coming to a solution. The main difficulty was for the social manager to count on an opening of the organization and the complexity to get all the members of the cooperative involved in the project. In addition to the characteristics of this action, the answers of the participants did not always follow the time expected or planned. The manager had to carry out the necessary adaptation along the time. The digital inclusion proved to be able to generate the necessary empowerment for a larger participation of the individuals in their work and for the development of the cooperative as whole.KeywordsJoint Residence. Empowerment. Social Inclusion.
Are <scp>l</scp>-Adenosine and Its Derivatives Substrates for <i>S-</i>Adenosyl-<scp>l</scp>-homocysteine Hydrolase? (2005)

Moffatt oxidation of 2',3'-O-isopropylidene-L-adenosine and treatment of the resulting crude 5'-aldehyde with hydroxylamine followed by deprotection gave L-adenosine 5'-carboxaldehyde oximes, whose enantiomers are known to be potent inhibitors of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase. The L-adenosine and its 5'-aldehyde oxime derivatives were found to be inactive as inhibitors of AdoHcy hydrolase. Docking calculations showed that binding of L-adenosine to AdoHcy hydrolase is weaker (higher energy) and less specific (larger number of clusters) compared to D-Ado.
Antiviral Resistance and the Control of Pandemic Influenza (2007)

The benefits of antiviral drug use to control an influenza pandemic may be reduced, although not completely offset, by drug resistance in the virus. Therefore, the risk of resistance should be considered in pandemic planning and monitored closely during a pandemic.