gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of the effects of polarization and pattern reconfiguration for mmWave 5G mobile antenna prototypes (2017)

Real-time beam-steering of highly directive antennas at mmWave spectrum under unpredictable propagation environments remains a highly elusive challenge for the upcoming 5G era. Reconfigurable and multifunctional mobile 5G antenna and RF architectures which are desired to achieve sufficient QoS introduce additional technical and economic costs which may outweigh the benefits. This paper investigates the effects and relative significance of key antenna design parameters with QoS benchmarks based on real-life mmWave antennas integrated in fully operable 5G mobile device prototypes.
Die hedetyd is iets van die verlede : 'n taalkundige motivering vir die 'hedetydskryfkunstradisie' in Afrikaans : original research (2013)

Daar bestaan in die Afrikaanse skryfkuns 'n tradisie om verhaalgebeure by verstek in die hedetyd aan te bied. Dit is egter moeilik om vanuit 'n literatuuroorsig aan te toon dat hierdie tradisie wel bestaan, sowel as om die redes vir die ontstaan en instandhouding van die tradisie te bepaal. In hierdie artikel word daar eerstens vanuit die skryfkunsperspektief aangetoon dat daar wel in Afrikaans die konvensie bestaan om verhaalgebeure in die hedetyd aan te bied. Tweedens word daar vanuit 'n taalkundige perspektief twee moontlike motiverings vir die ontstaan en instandhouding van die tradisie aangebied. Die doel van die artikel is nie om die geldigheid van die hedetydskryfkunstradisie te bevraagteken nie, maar eerder om 'n gesprek te open rakende die geldigheid van die tradisie, sowel as die implikasies wat dit vir die skryf, lees en interpretasie van Afrikaanse literere werke het.
The present is a thing of the past: Possible linguistic motivations for the 'present tense writing tradition' in Afrikaans prose.
There exists a long-standing tradition in Afrikaans creative writing to present narrative prose in the present tense, and not in the simple past as in English and Dutch. It is, however, difficult to prove the existence of such a tradition or to conduct a literature survey in order to determine the reasons for the origin and perpetuation of this tradition. This article firstly demonstrates from a creative writing perspective that the 'present tense writing tradition' does exist in Afrikaans. Secondly, two possible motivations for this tradition are proposed from a linguistic perspective. The goal of this article is not to question the validity of this tradition, but rather to open a discussion on the legitimacy of the tradition, as well as the implication it has for the writing, reading and interpretation of Afrikaans literary works.
Local DNA Sequence Control of Deletion Formation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Plasmid pBR322 (1987)

The specificity of deletion formation was studied using tests involving reversion of palindromic insertion mutations. Insertions of a Tn5-related transposon at 13 sites in the ampicillin-resistance (amp) gene of plasmid pBR322 were shortened to a nested set of perfect palindromes, 22, 32 and 90 bp long. We monitored frequencies of reversion to Ampr, which is the result of deletion of the palindrome plus one copy of the flanking 9 bp direct repeats (which had been formed by transposition). Revertant frequencies were found to depend on the location and the sequence of the palindromic insert. Changing a 45-kb interrupted palindrome to a 22-bp perfect palindrome stimulated deletion formation by factors of from fourfold to 545-fold among the 13 sites, while elongation of the perfect palindrome from 22 to 90 bp stimulated deletion formation by factors of from eight- to 18,000-fold. We conclude that deletion formation is strongly affected by subtle features of DNA sequence or conformation, both inside and outside the deleted segment, and that these effects may reflect specific interactions of DNA processing proteins with template DNAs.
Regulation of <i>Csf1r</i> and <i>Bcl6</i> in Macrophages Mediates the Stage-Specific Effects of MicroRNA-155 on Atherosclerosis (2015)

Our findings demonstrate a stage-specific role of miR-155 in lesion formation. miR-155 suppressed macrophage proliferation by targeting colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor in early and impaired efferocytosis by downregulating B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 6 in advanced atherosclerosis. Therefore, targeting the interaction between miR-155 and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 6 may be a promising approach to inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis.
Statistical models of sequencing error and algorithms of polymorphism detection (2006)

Estimation of the sequencing error patterns is the key to accuracy improvement in DNA sequencing. In chapter 2, with probabilistic interpretation of the quality value, we propose a conditional sequencing error model. In chapter 3, we model the sequencing errors by a mixture of multinomials and a mixture of logistic regressions. In these models, the underlying DNA target is unknown and treated as missing data. The redundancy in the assembly allows us to impute the missing data by an EM algorithm. In the mixture of logistic regressions, we use piecewise linear functions of the quality value to deal with nonlinear effects. We evaluate the models with different knots by AIC and single base discrepancy and use a backward elimination algorithm for model selection. We apply these methods to a whole genome assembly, C. jejuni , and improve the accuracy of consensus sequence by a great deal. Based on the predicted sequencing error patterns, we correct the bias in the quality value and assign to base-calls new quality values with probabilistic interpretation. We also make an effort to expand this model by including more covariates, such as GC content. These statistical models provide a framework for the analysis of sequence assembly and can directly be applied to the daily practice of DNA sequencing. 
Polymorphism detection in the resequencing data is especially important for linkage analysis and association study. We propose a novel method for trace preprocessing and spike alignment to identify polymorphism accurately. In chapter 4, we introduce a procedure to preprocess DNA sequencing traces and recover signal spike trains in five steps: color correction, normalization, baseline subtraction, width estimation, and deconvolution. In chapter 5, we describe the dynamic programming algorithm for spike alignment, and demonstrate the polymorphism detection from the alignment. Based on this method, we develop a software with graphical user interface for resequencing data and made it available to the public. Our software offers a new perspective for polymorphism detection, especially insertion-deletion polymorphism in mononucleotide runs.
High-spectral-flatness mid-infrared supercontinuum generated from a Tm-doped fiber amplifier (2012)

Broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum pulses were generated directly from a short piece of active fiber in a single-mode Tm-doped fiber amplifier. The broadband mid-infrared pulses have an extremely high spectral flatness with ~600 nm FWHM bandwidth (from 1.9 μm to 2.5 μm), >15 kW peak power, and >20 GW/cm(2) laser peak intensity. This new approach exhibits a significantly different physical mechanism from other supercontinuum generation demonstrations in the literature, in which usually a piece of passive fiber was used for nonlinear spectral broadening. The physical mechanism for the broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in this approach has been attributed to a combined effect of two superradiative processes of Tm(3+) ions (i.e., the (3)F(4)-(3)H(6) transition covering the 1.8~2.1 μm spectral region and the (3)H(4)-(3)H(5) transition covering the 2.2~2.5 μm spectral region), and also nonlinear optical processes as well in the Tm-doped gain fiber. The spectra of the mid-infrared supercontinuum pulses were further broadened in a 2 m chalcogenide fiber with 20 dB bandwidth ~1100 nm and a 3 m fluoride fiber with 20 dB bandwidth ~2600 nm.
Salt tolerance of the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (2007)

Increasing salinities in freshwater ecosystems caused by agricultural practices, droughts, or rise in sea level are likely to affect the species composition of phototrophic microorganisms. Cosmopolitan freshwater cyanobacteria of the Microcystis genus can produce the toxin microcystin, and present a potential health risk in many eutrophic lakes. In this study, M. aeruginosa Strain PCC 7806 was grown in semi-continuous turbidostats to investigate the effect of increasing salinity on growth rate, microcystin cell quota, microcystin production and extracellular microcystin concentration. Specific growth rate, microcystin cell quota and microcystin production remained more or less unaffected by salinity levels up to 10 g l -1 . Specific growth rate collapsed when salinity was increased beyond 10 g l -1 for several weeks. Cell size and microcystin cell quota decreased while extracellular microcystin concentrations increased at salinities above 10 g l -1 , indicating leakage and/or cell lysis. Salt-shock experiments revealed that M. aeruginosa can temporarily endure salinities as high as 17.5 g l -1 . These results indicate that, for a freshwater species, M. aeruginosa has a high salt tolerance. Rising salinities in freshwater ecosystems are therefore unlikely to suppress M. aeruginosa blooms, and may in fact enhance the exposure of aquatic organisms to elevated concentrations of extracellular microcystins.
A third-generation SELF implementation (1994)

Programming systems should be both responsive (to support rapid development) and efficient (to complete computations quickly). Pure object-oriented languages are harder to implement efficiently since they need optimization to achieve good performance. Unfortunately, optimization conflicts with interactive responsiveness because it tends to produce long compilation pauses, leading to unresponsive programming environments. Therefore, to achieve good responsiveness, existing exploratory programming environments such as the Smalltalk-80 environment rely on interpretation or non-optimizing dynamic compilation. But such systems pay a price for their interactiveness, since they may execute programs several times slower than an optimizing system.
Delayed-action reflector for external calibration of synthetic aperture radar (1989)

A delayed-action reflector is proposed for external radar calibration. Accurate calibration is expected by the reduction of the back-scattering from the background terrain and a smaller reflector can be used, so that the radar state is not influenced during the imaging of the terrain with calibration.
Characteristic impedance of microstrip on silicon (2003)

In this paper, we compare the power-voltage, power-current, and causal definitions of the characteristic impedance of microstrip transmission lines on silicon substrates.
A study of the mechanism by which anticoagulation with warfarin inhibits blood-borne metastases. (1973)

Summary A study was made on the effect of warfarin-induced anticoagulation on the ability of KHT sarcoma cells to metastasize in syngeneic C3H mice. This anticoagulant effectively reduced the number of lung metastases resulting from a thigh-implanted tumor and also from an i.v. injection of a known number of cells. It was concluded, from several lines of investigation, that no part of the reduction in the number of metastases was due to cytotoxic or cytostatic properties of this anticoagulant. The i.v. injection of iododeoxyuridine-125I-labeled tumor cells showed that the lower number of metastases in the warfarin-treated mice was a result of an increased clearance of tumor cells from the lungs of anticoagulated mice between 6 and 24 hr after injection. The data are consistent with, but do not prove, the hypothesis that the reduction in blood-borne metastases by warfarin is due to the anticoagulation it produced, which prevented the formation of adequate thrombi around the endothelium-attached tumor cells, thereby keeping these cells vulnerable to the normal cell-mediated defense mechanisms.
Arabidopsis SKP1-like protein13 (ASK13) positively regulates seed germination and seedling growth under abiotic stress (2018)

SKP1 (S-phase kinase-associated protein1) proteins are key members of the SCF (SKP-cullin-F-box protein) E3 ligase complexes that ubiquitinate target proteins and play diverse roles in plant biology. However, in comparison with other members of the SCF complex, knowledge of SKP1-like proteins is very limited in plants. In the present work, we report that Arabidopsis SKP1-like protein13 (ASK13) is differentially regulated in different organs during seed development and germination and is up-regulated in response to abiotic stress. Yeast two-hybrid library screening and subsequent assessment of in vivo interactions through bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis revealed that ASK13 not only interacts with F-box proteins but also with other proteins that are not components of SCF complexes. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that ASK13 not only exists as a monomer but also as a homo-oligomer or heteromer with other ASK proteins. Functional analysis using ASK13 overexpression and knockdown lines showed that ASK13 positively influences seed germination and seedling growth, particularly under abiotic stress. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that apart from participation to form SCF complexes, ASK13 interacts with several other proteins and is implicated in different cellular processes distinct from protein degradation.
Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Haloperidol Derivatives as Novel Potent Calcium Channel Blockers with Vasodilator Activity (2011)

Several haloperidol derivatives with a piperidine scaffold that was decorated at the nitrogen atom with different alkyl, benzyl, or substituted benzyl moieties were synthesized at our laboratory to establish a library of compounds with vasodilator activity. Compounds were screened for vasodilatory activity on isolated thoracic aorta rings from rats, and their quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) were examined. Based on the result of QSAR, N-4-tert-butyl benzyl haloperidol chloride (16c) was synthesized and showed the most potent vasodilatory activity of all designed compounds. 16c dose-dependently inhibited the contraction caused by the influx of extracellular Ca(2+) in isolated thoracic aorta rings from rats. It concentration-dependently attenuated the calcium channel current and extracellular Ca(2+) influx, without affecting the intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, in vascular smooth muscle cells from rats. 16c, possessing the N-4-tert-butyl benzyl piperidine structure, as a novel calcium antagonist, may be effective as a calcium channel blocker in cardiovascular disease.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha/cachectin stimulates eosinophil oxidant production and toxicity towards human endothelium. (1990)

Eosinophils (EOs) participate in a variety of inflammatory states characterized by endothelial cell damage, such as vasculitis, pneumonitis, and endocarditis. We find that 100 U/ml TNF-alpha/cachectin (TNF), a concentration attainable in the blood of humans with parasitic infestations, stimulates highly purified populations of EOs to damage human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), a model of human endothelium. This TNF-dependent EO cytotoxicity is strongly inhibited by heparin and methyprednisolone but unaffected by the platelet-activating factor antagonist BN52012 or scavengers of superoxide anion and H2O2, superoxide dismutase and catalase. However, addition of a physiologically relevant concentration of Br- (100 microM) enhances EO/TNF damage to HUVEC, implicating the possible participation of EO peroxidase (EPO) in the killing mechanism. EOs adherent to FCS-coated plastic wells more than double their production of superoxide anion and the cytotoxic EPO-derived oxidant HOBr when exposed to TNF, showing that TNF activates the respiratory burst of EOs attached to a "physiologic" surface. Unlike PMNs, EOs were not irreversibly activated to kill unopsonized endothelium by previous exposure to TNF, and did not degranulate or upregulate CR3 expression as detected by Mo1 in the presence of 100 U/ml TNF. HUVEC exposed 18 h to TNF were considerably more susceptible to lysis by PMA-activated EOs and reagent H2O2, demonstrating a direct effect of TNF upon endothelium, perhaps through inhibition of antioxidant defenses. These findings suggest that abnormally elevated serum levels of TNF may provoke EOs to damage endothelial cells and thereby play a role in the pathogenesis of tissue damage in hypereosinophilic states.
Automatic Text Categorization in Terms of Genre and Author (2000)

The two main factors that characterize a text are its content and its style, and both can be used as a means of categorization. In this paper we present an approach to text categorization in terms of genre and author for Modern Greek. In contrast to previous stylometric approaches, we attempt to take full advantage of existing natural language processing (NLP) tools. To this end, we propose a set of style markers including analysis-level measures that represent the way in which the input text has been analyzed and capture useful stylistic information without additional cost. We present a set of small-scale but reasonable experiments in text genre detection, author identification, and author verification tasks and show that the proposed method performs better than the most popular distributional lexical measures, i.e., functions of vocabulary richness and frequencies of occurrence of the most frequent words. All the presented experiments are based on unrestricted text downloaded from the World Wide Web without any manual text preprocessing or text sampling. Various performance issues regarding the training set size and the significance of the proposed style markers are discussed. Our system can be used in any application that requires fast and easily adaptable text categorization in terms of stylistically homogeneous categories. Moreover, the procedure of defining analysis-level markers can be followed in order to extract useful stylistic information using existing text processing tools.
Specific, temporally regulated expression of the insulin-like growth factor II gene during muscle cell differentiation. (1993)

We have compared the expression of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) messenger RNA (mRNA) to the expression of other mRNAs encoding proteins known to play pivotal roles during the differentiation of continuously cultured, fusing muscle cell lines. These cell lines respond to changes in culture conditions by undergoing a well characterized alteration in gene expression which leads to a change in their phenotype from dividing, mononucleate myoblasts to fused, multinucleate myotubes. The hallmarks of this differentiation program include the induction of myogenic regulatory genes as well as the genes that encode the contractile proteins. We have found that the differentiation of these cells leads to the production of multiple IGF-II transcripts. In one of the cell lines studied, C2C12, IGF-II mRNA levels were rapidly induced during differentiation. Increases in IGF-II mRNA levels preceded the expression of the contractile protein genes but occurred only after the activation of the myogenic regulatory gene myogenin. The same regulated pattern of IGF-II mRNA expression was seen in both rapidly and slowly fusing subclones of this cell line, indicating a requirement for IGF-II at a specific point during muscle differentiation. These results suggest that IGF-II plays an important role during the terminal differentiation of skeletal muscle cells and are consistent with the existence of an autocrine loop through which IGF-II may act to regulate the differentiation process.
Effect of extracellular ATP on the growth of hormone‐refractory prostate cancer <i>in vivo</i> (2008)

Our results show, for the first time, that ATP effectively reduces the growth of advanced HRPC tumours in vivo. This may represent a step in establishing ATP as an effective agent for HRPC treatment.
Comparison of Pharmacokinetics and Dynamics of the Long-Acting Insulin Analogs Glargine and Detemir at Steady State in Type 1 Diabetes (2007)

Detemir has effects similar to those of glargine during the initial 12 h after administration, but effects are lower during 12-24 h.
Assessing the quality of a Consensus determined using a multi-level approach (2017)

The following paper investigates a multilevel approach to data integration using the widely accepted Consensus Theory. We focus on an issue related to an initial classification of raw input data into groups that can be integrated in parallel. A final consensus is a result of the integration of obtained partial outcomes. Our main research concerns an application of Fleiss' kappa value, which in the literature is a well known measure that describes how consonant the data in a selected set are. In other words - for a given set of values, the higher the value of this measure, the higher its inner consistency. Therefore, we have attempted to answer the question whether or not the initial data should be divided into coherent groups or into highly divergent subsets, that better represent the whole input. We present a theoretical background, broad description of a series of experiments that we have performed and their statistical analysis.
A critical insight into the development pipeline of microfluidic immunoassay devices for the sensitive quantitation of protein biomarkers at the point of care (2017)

The latest clinical procedures for the timely and cost-effective diagnosis of chronic and acute clinical conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes or sepsis (i.e. the biggest causes of death worldwide), involve the quantitation of specific protein biomarkers released into the blood stream or other physiological fluids (e.g. urine or saliva). The clinical thresholds are usually in the femtomolar to picolomar range, and consequently the measurement of these protein biomarkers heavily relies on highly sophisticated, bulky and automated equipment in centralised pathology laboratories. The first microfluidic devices capable of measuring protein biomarkers in miniaturised immunoassays were presented nearly two decades ago and promised to revolutionise point-of-care (POC) testing by offering unmatched sensitivity and automation in a compact POC format; however, the development and adoption of microfluidic protein biomarker tests has fallen behind expectations. This review presents a detailed critical overview into the pipeline of microfluidic devices developed in the period 2005-2016 capable of measuring protein biomarkers from the pM to fM range in formats compatible with POC testing, with a particular focus on the use of affordable microfluidic materials and compact low-cost signal interrogation. The integration of these two important features (essential unique selling points for the successful microfluidic diagnostic products) has been missed in previous review articles and explain the poor adoption of microfluidic technologies in this field. Most current miniaturised devices compromise either on the affordability, compactness and/or performance of the test, making current tests unsuitable for the POC measurement of protein biomarkers. Seven core technical areas, including (i) the selected strategy for antibody immobilisation, (ii) the surface area and surface-area-to-volume ratio, (iii) surface passivation, (iv) the biological matrix interference, (v) fluid control, (vi) the signal detection modes and (vii) the affordability of the manufacturing process and detection system, were identified as the key to the effective development of a sensitive and affordable microfluidic protein biomarker POC test.