gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Release of thrombomodulin from endothelial cells by concerted action of TNF-alpha and neutrophils: in vivo and in vitro studies. (1996)

Inflammatory cytokines decrease the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) on the endothelial cell surface by suppression of TM transcription and translation or internalization with subsequent degradation. Nevertheless, elevated serum TM levels are found in diseases associated with systemical or locally increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. To study directly the in vivo effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) we determined the course of serum TM after systemic recombinant human (rh)TNF-alpha therapy. The TM levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Systemic rhTNF-alpha therapy resulted in a marked and significant increase of serum TM. Using a mouse model we studied whether increased serum TM is associated with a decreased expression of TM on the endothelial surface in vivo. The immunohistochemical staining of the vasculature of meth-A sarcoma transplanted in mice showed a loss of TM immunoreactivity 4 hr after intravenous TNF-alpha application. To study the mechanism of TNF-alpha mediated release of TM, cultured endothelial cells were incubated with neutrophils and TNF-alpha. Incubation with TNF-alpha alone did not lead to an increase of TM in vitro. However TM was released into the culture supernatant when endothelial cells pretreated with TNF-alpha were exposed to neutrophils. This was associated with morphological evidence of endothelial cell damage. Therefore, the concerted action of cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells and neutrophils results in release of TM from cultured endothelial cells after rhTNF-alpha therapy. This might explain the increased serum TM levels observed in diseases associated with increased systemic or local levels of inflammatory cytokines despite the induced internalization and the direct inhibitory effects of TNF-alpha on TM transcription and translation.
Coordination of distributed fuzzy behaviors in mobile robot control (2002)

Mobile robot navigation can be achieved using a control system comprised of a collection of special-purpose motion routines, or behaviors. In order to exhibit robust autonomous performance, a suitable strategy for coordinating the behaviors must be adopted. This paper describes an approach to behavior coordination and conflict resolution within the context of a hierarchical architecture of fuzzy behaviors. This architecture can be viewed as a network of distributed intelligent behaviors in which coordination is achieved using weighted decision-making based on behavioral degrees of applicability. Aspects of the coordination and conflict resolution procedures that are based on generalized concepts from fuzzy control are discussed. The strategy is appropriate for fuzzy control of systems that can be represented by hierarchical or decentralized structures.
The folded Gilbert cell: a low voltage high performance CMOS multiplier (2003)

Three linearity-improved implementations of a Gilbert cell in CMOS technology are presented. They have low voltage supply requirements and wide input signal ranges on both inputs. Experimental results of a CMOS test chip are presented. The utilization of the cell as a very wide tuning range linear transconductor is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fault Protection In DC Distribution Systems Via Coordinated Control of Power Supply Converters and Bus Tie Switches (2013)

A new fault protection method responds to the current needs of emerging dc power distribution systems by coordinating electronic power converters and mechanical contactors to rapidly isolate short circuit faults while maintaining continuity of power to loads. This work is important because the increasing performance, higher efficiency, and decreasing cost of electronic power converters have spurred a rediscovery and proliferation of dc power distribution systems. Although dc distribution offers advantages such as higher transmission efficiency, higher power density, higher reliability, and ease of interfacing asynchronous sources, enthusiasm for adopting dc technologies suffers from widespread concern over the means to protect dc distribution systems against short-circuit faults. The developed fault protection method rapidly limits the fault current, de-energizes the main distribution bus, reconfigures the bus via mechanical contactors, and re-energizes the system. The entire process can be accomplished fast enough to comply with the requirements of CBEMA and IEEE standards on power quality. A fast and reliable fault detection method has been developed in order to coordinates power converters and contactors. With this method the source power converters independently enter into current-limiting mode as soon as they recognize a fault condition. The bus segmentizing contactors autonomously decide whether to open or not based on their local interpretation of time-to-trip curves as functions of apparent equivalent circuit resistance. This method allows converter and contactors to coordinate to provide fault protection for dc distribution systems independently on communication failures. Simulation and experimental results show that fault current can be limited within few milliseconds, faults can be isolated within 20 ms and that the system can be re-energized within 100 ms. Moreover, this work provides system design considerations and limitations on components and system parameters.
Two Independent Histidines, One in Human Prolactin and One in Its Receptor, Are Critical for pH-dependent Receptor Recognition and Activation (2010)

Human prolactin (hPRL), a member of the family of hematopoietic cytokines, functions as both an endocrine hormone and autocrine/paracrine growth factor. We have previously demonstrated that recognition of the hPRL·receptor depends strongly on solution acidity over the physiologic range from pH 6 to pH 8. The hPRL·receptor binding interface contains four histidines whose protonation is hypothesized to regulate pH-dependent receptor recognition. Here, we systematically dissect its molecular origin by characterizing the consequences of His to Ala mutations on pH-dependent receptor binding kinetics, site-specific histidine protonation, and high resolution structures of the intermolecular interface. Thermodynamic modeling of the pH dependence to receptor binding affinity reveals large changes in site-specific protonation constants for a majority of interface histidines upon complexation. Removal of individual His imidazoles reduces these perturbations in protonation constants, which is most likely explained by the introduction of solvent-filled, buried cavities in the crystallographic structures without inducing significant conformational rearrangements.
Molecular Analysis of a Binding Site for Quinidine in a Human Cardiac Delayed Rectifier K<sup>+</sup>Channel (1996)

The antiarrhythmic agent quinidine blocks the human cardiac hKv1.5 channel expressed in mammalian cells at therapeutically relevant concentrations (EC50, 6.2 mumol/L). Mechanistic analysis has suggested that quinidine acts as a cationic open-channel blocker at a site in the internal mouth of the ionic pore and that binding is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. We tested these hypotheses using site-directed mutagenesis of residues proposed to line the internal mouth of the channel or of nearby residues. Amino acid substitutions in the midsection of S6 (T505I, T505V, T505S, and V512A) reduced the dissociation rate for quinidine, increased the affinity (0.7, 1.5, 3.4, and 1.4 mumol/L, respectively), and preserved both the voltage-dependent open channel-block mechanism and the electrical binding distance (0.19 to 0.22). In contrast, smaller or nonsignificant effects were observed for: deletion of the intracellular C-terminal domain, charge neutralizations in the region immediately C-terminal to S6, elimination of aromatic residues in S6, and mutations at the putative internal turn of the P loop, at the external entrance of the pore, and at sites in the S4S5 linker. The approximately 10-fold increase in affinity with T505I and the reduction of the dissociation rate constant with the mutations that increased affinity are consistent with a hydrophobic stabilization of binding. Moreover, the T505 and V512 residues align on the same side of the putative alpha-helical S6 segment. Taken together, these results localize the hydrophobic binding site for this antiarrhythmic drug in the internal mouth of this human K+ channel and provide molecular support for the open channel-block model and the role of S6 in contributing to the inner pore.
Protein prenylation: key to ras function and cancer intervention? (1992)

Ihe frequent association of mutated, oncogenic forms of cellular ras proteins with a broad spectrum of human malignancies has prompted intensive investigations into identifying their role in normal cellular physiology and into establishing the contribution of aberrant ras function to human tumorigenesis (1-4). Despite considerable knowledge of the structural and biochemical properties of ras proteins, we remain ignorant of the function of ras proteins. The recent discovery that ras transforming activity is critically dependent on modification (prenylation) by a farnesyl isoprenoid, an essential intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis, has unveiled potentially important clues to ras function and identified novel prospects for cancer therapy (5-8). In this research capsule, we will summarize our present understanding of the role of protein prenylation in ras biological activity, and we will assess the promises and problems of pharmacological approaches to antagonizing prenylation. Finally, understanding the role of protein prenylation in ras function will provide a foundation for defining the significance of this previously obscure protein modification for the functions of a very diverse and growing number of isoprenylated proteins (9, 10).
Endometrial carcinoma: feasibility of case-finding in a family physician's office. (1988)

To study the feasibility of endometrial sampling in a family physician's office we examined 42 asymptomatic women 50 years of age or older with the use of a Milan-Markley helix to obtain cytopathologic material. Nine procedures could not be completed because of stenosis of the introitus or cervix. The procedure took less than 3 minutes to complete for 30 women, and there was no technical difficulty for 27. Adequate amounts of tissue for diagnosis were obtained from 32 women. One or more risk factors for endometrial carcinoma were present in 34 women. Nine samples showed atypical hyperplasia. Although 37 women experienced discomfort and 19 experienced spotting, 35 were willing to have the procedure repeated annually or as indicated by their physician.
Characterization of thermophilic consortia from two souring oil reservoirs (1996)

The microbial consortia from produced water at two different oil fields in Alaska (Kuparuk) and the North Sea (Ninian) were investigated for sulfate-reducing and methanogenic activity over a range of temperatures and for a variety of substrates. The consortia were sampled on site, and samples were either incubated on site at 60(deg)C with various substrates or frozen for later incubation and analyses. Temperature influenced the rates of sulfate reduction, hydrogen sulfide production, and substrate oxidation, as well as the cell morphology. The highest rates of sulfate reduction and substrate oxidation were found between 50 and 60(deg)C. Formate and n-butyrate were the most favorable electron donors at any tested temperature. Acetate was utilized at 35(deg)C but not at 50 or 70(deg)C and was produced at 60(deg)C. This indicates that the high levels of acetate found in produced water from souring oil formations are due mainly to an incomplete oxidation of volatile fatty acids to acetate. The cell size distribution of the microbial consortium indicated a nonuniform microbial composition in the original sample from the Kuparuk field. At different temperatures, different microbial morphologies and physiologies were observed. Methane-producing activity at thermophilic temperatures (60(deg)C) was found only for the Kuparuk consortium when hydrogen and carbon dioxide were present. No methane production from acetate was observed. Suppression of methanogenic activity in the presence of sulfate indicated a competition with sulfate-reducing bacteria for hydrogen.
System Memory Monitoring through windows application programming interface (2008)

System Memory Monitoring (SMM) has been developed to observe the current process usage and memory usage in Windows operating system in term to handle the problem that might be occurs such virus, spyware and the failure process that using abnormal usage. Currently available application such Window Task Manger has the weakness, which the running process does not provides detail information like process size, location path, product name and etc. Therefore, SMM is developed to enhance this application, while at the same provides an additional feature such as a graph flow to make the user more understand the computerpsilas memory flow. Windows Application Programming Interface (API) is used by SMM as the fundamental resources in Windows operating system. As a result, SMM able to recognize the running process by providing details information.
Légitime défense: From Communism and Surrealism to Caribbean Self-Definition (2010)

Eight Martinican students living in Paris announce their struggle for literary and political agency in the 1932 declaration Legitime defense. Explicitly indebted to Communism and Surrealism, the declaration appropriates these movements’ rhetoric and redirects it to their own condition. Although Communism and Surrealism’s revolutionary zeal and opposition to the 1931 Colonial Exposition in Paris position them as apt models for the students, their platforms both work to reinscribe the non-Western within a primitivist binary. Through their use of the manifesto, the Martinican students enter into an aesthetic and political debate from a position of authority, both poaching their predecessors’ authority and initiating their own historical trajectory. By defining the Martinican subject within the legacy of Marx and Breton, the eight signatories situate themselves at the intersection of political and artistic revolutionary politics that both reinscribe and resist European distinctions between center and periphery, civilized and primitive, self and other.
Application of RNAi in Biomedical Research (2005)

Antisense techniques are powerful tools for the inhibition of gene expression in the target discovery and validation phases of pharmaceutical research. In particular, RNA interference has become a method of choice to investigate the roles of putative target genes in models of disease states. This technique is technically demanding, particularly when it is applied in complex experiments such as high-throughput genome analysis or in animal models of disease. We describe here two areas of current research in our group, dedicated to advancing these techniques: the use of neural networks to predict the biological activity of short interfering RNAs, and the application of siRNAs in animal models of disease.
Influence of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on Yield and Quality of Nut Crops from a Commercial Pecan Orchard (2011)

Excessive fruit drop (i.e., June drop) can limit orchard profitability of certain pecan [ Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] cultivars. The present study examines efficacy of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG; formulated as ReTain ® ; Valent BioSciences, Libertyville, IL), a natural ethylene inhibitor, for increasing nutmeat yield in a commercial ‘Desirable’ pecan orchard over a 2-year period. The 30-ha experiment consisted of two treatments (nontreated versus ReTain) in the first year, an “off” year in the orchard's alternate bearing cycle. The second year's study, an “on” year, consisted of four treatments (i.e., “08 nontreated + 09 nontreated,” “08ReTain + 09 nontreated,” “08 nontreated + 09 ReTain,” and “08ReTain + 09 ReTain”). AVG, as ReTain [132 mg·L −1 a.i. (11.7 oz/acre)], was applied as two post-pollination canopy sprays (937 L·ha −1 ) 2 weeks apart in both years. During the “off” year, ReTain increased nut yield parameters with ReTain increasing kernel yield by 36% (704 kg·ha −1 versus 516 kg·ha −1 ) over that of nontreated trees. In the subsequent “on” crop year, the trees exhibiting a ReTain-associated previous year yield increase of ≈36% exhibited a reduction in yield of ≈25%, thus largely negating the previous season's yield increase over a 2-year alternate bearing cycle. Additionally, ReTain-treated trees during the “on” year failed to exhibit an increase in yield parameters over that of the nontreated control. As a result of a lag effect on subsequent year yield parameters, ReTain offers potential as a crop-load management tool for ‘Desirable’ orchards in “off” years such as a year of relatively high nutmeat price followed by a year of relatively low price. There appears to be no positive effect on yield when used in a heavy crop-load “on” year of an alternate bearing cycle. Thus, ReTain might have benefit for stabilizing alternate bearing in ‘Desirable’ pecan orchards. Kernel quality (defined as percentage of nut weight as kernel) of individual nuts from “on” year trees was not as sensitive to units of yield increase as for individual nuts of “off” year trees, thus implying that the rate of assimilate partitioning to individual reproductive structures in “off”-year trees is not as great as that in “on”-year trees.
Applications of parallel optical interconnects (2002)

The first phase of OETC (OETC-1) produced a parallel, 32-channel, high density (140 mm pitch), 500 Mb/s NRZ, point to point, optical data link. This link has a 32 channel VCSEL array operating at 850 nm and a 32 channel MCM receiver array. The key packaging technologies include the silicon optical bench technology and a multichip module technology. The transmitter and receiver parts were directly connected (no pigtails) using MACII-32 connectors.
Spectral phase-encoded time-spreading (SPECTS) optical code-division multiple access for terabit optical access networks (2004)

This paper discusses design, simulation, and experimental investigations of optical-code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) networking using a spectral phase-encoded time spreading (SPECTS) method. O-CDMA technologies can potentially provide flexible access of optical bandwidths in excess of 1Tb/s without relying on wavelength- or time-division-multiplexing modules, provided that they overcome the interference caused by other users broadcasting over the same channel, called multiuser interference (MUI). This paper pursues theoretical and experimental methods to mitigate the MUI. Analysis shows that nonuniform phase coding can increase the orthogonality of the code set, thereby reducing the impact of the MUI. The experiment conducted in a SPECTS O-CDMA testbed incorporating a highly nonlinear thresholder demonstrated error-free operation for four users at 1.25-Gb/s/user and for two users at 10-Gb/s/user.
Auto Splats: Dynamic Point Cloud Visualization on the GPU (2012)

Capturing real-world objects with laser-scanning technology has become an everyday task. Recently, the acquisition of dynamic scenes at interactive frame rates has become feasible. A high-quality visualization of the resulting point cloud stream would require a per-frame reconstruction of object surfaces. Unfortunately, reconstruction computations are still too time-consuming to be applied interactively. In this paper we present a local surface reconstruction and visualization technique that provides interactive feedback for reasonably sized point clouds, while achieving high image quality. Our method is performed entirely on the GPU and in screen space, exploiting the efficiency of the common rasterization pipeline. The approach is very general, as no assumption is made about point connectivity or sampling density. This naturally allows combining the outputs of multiple scanners in a single visualization, which is useful for many virtual and augmented reality applications.
Composite Cu/VO and VO/Cu Nanofilaments in Cu/Ta2O5/Pt Devices (2013)

Evidence for existence of composite copper/oxygen vacancy nanofilaments is presented. The composite conductive nanofilment (CF) is a serial resistive connection of Cu and Vo CFs forming a composite Vo/Cu CF where the Cu filament segment is formed first and Vo filament completes the composite CF. A composite CF has been also formed in reverse order as Cu/Vo. Both composite CFs, Vo/Cu and Cu/Vo, display Vform at considerable lower voltages than monolithic CFs.
Superoptimizer: a look at the smallest program (1987)

Given an instruction set, the superoptimizer finds the shortest program to compute a function. Startling programs have been generated, many of them engaging in convoluted bit-fiddling bearing little resemblance to the source programs which defined the functions. The key idea in the superoptimizer is a probabilistic test that makes exhaustive searches practical for programs of useful size. The search space is defined by the processor's instruction set, which may include the whole set, but it is typically restricted to a subset. By constraining the instructions and observing the effect on the output program, one can gain insight into the design of instruction sets. In addition, superoptimized programs may be used by peephole optimizers to improve the quality of generated code, or by assembly language programmers to improve manually written code.
Huffman trees as a basis for a dynamic mutual exclusion algorithm for distributed systems (2003)

A distributed mutual exclusion algorithm based on Huffmann trees is described. A request message is passed from a leaf node all the way to the root, signaling that a node is allowed to enter the critical section. Fault tolerance is achieved by forming the Huffman tree dynamically. It is shown that the approach has broad applications in distributed systems where nodes are often organized as a logical tree for ease of coordination. High fault tolerance is achieved, since a faulty node can be detected by its neighbor and thus be deleted from the tree.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Correlation between plasma leptin concentration and body fat content in dogs (2002)

The positive relationship between plasma leptin concentration and body fat content in dogs was similar to correlations reported for humans and rodents, suggesting that plasma leptin is a quantitative marker of adiposity in dogs.
Ozone Reoxidation of a Ferricyanide Bath for Etching Molybdenum (2014)

Over the useful life of the etchant, up to 120% of the original makeup concentration of ferricyanide is added. If the pH of the solution drops below 1 1. the molybdenum, in solution as forms insoluble green molybdate polymers, which stop the etching. The degradation of the etchant is denoted by unsatisfactory etching profiles, called knife edges (Fig. 1). This condition necessitates the dumping and changing of the etchant, a considerable expense in chemical consumption, chemical disposal. lowered etch yields, and deteriorating process mtrol, especially near the end of the tth life. A process of ozone reoxidation of e ferrocyanide product back to femranide has been implemented 2 Fe(CN)6-4 + H20 + O3 + 2Fe(CN)6-3 + 2OH+ O2 (2)