gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mirror-like plasma confinement for a uniform large negative ion source (2012)

Negative ion based neutral beam injection (N-NBI) systems which produce powerful high energy hydrogen atom beams are currently used on fusion reactor devices for plasma heating and current drive. To produce sufficient negative ions (NIs), sources with a large surface area are needed for reactor relevant injectors. Plasma source non-uniformity is a recurring issue in the present N-NBI systems, it is mainly due to the transverse magnetic field (filter field) at the front of the source which generates plasma gradients. This paper presents experimental results on a large size arc driven ion source at CEA, called Cybele, the purpose of the experiment is to compare the plasma density distribution (uniformity) between two magnetic confinements, (1) the transverse (horizontal) magnetic filter which is implemented in the present negative ion (NI) sources and (2) a new concept based on the magnetic mirror principle. Experiments show that in Cybele the standard configuration with the horizontal filter field (1) leads to a significant vertical plasma drift with a measured plasma density seven times higher at the top of the source, while the source with the vertical field and mirror-like confinement (2) is vertically uniform within ±10% and can operate at very low filling pressure (0.1 Pa).
Minimal residual disease–directed therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (2015)

Case 1: A 35-year-old man with a normal white blood cell (WBC) count (9.3 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L) was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation in 25/25 metaphases. The RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion gene was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas studies for mutations involving KIT and FLT3 were negative. After 1 cycle of induction therapy with cytarabine/idarubicin according to the "7+3" schema, he achieved a morphologic complete remission (CR) with a 2-log reduction of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript levels. The patient has anexcellent performance status and no comorbidities. Should you recommend allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)? Case 2: A 43-year-old woman was diagnosed with cytogenetically normalAML; molecular studies for genemutations involving NPM1, CEBPA, and FLT3 were negative. After standard induction chemotherapy, she achieved a morphologic CR and then underwent 1 cycle of consolidation therapy with high-dose cytarabine. During the pre-HCT work-up in anticipation of matched related donor transplant, she is found to have evidence of minimal residual disease (MRD) by multiparameter fl ow cytometry (MFC); no prior MFC studies are available. She has no comorbidities other than arterial hypertension, and her performance status is excellent. Are you recommending additional cycle(s) of chemotherapy to attempt MRD eradication before HCT?
Development and validation of a RP-HPLC method for estimation of Thalidomide in solid dosage form (2013)

A simple, rapid and precise isocratic reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of Thalidomide capsule. The separation was achieved with 150 × 4.6mm C18 column using mobile phase as Acetonitrile : Dimethyl Formamide : Water (60:10:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min with UV detection at 297nm. The retention time of Thalidomide was found to be 2.17min. The linearity range of Thalidomide is 25mg to 200mg with coefficient of correlation 0.9986. The method is found to be accurate, precise and useful in quality control of dosage form.
Primary structure of the L chain from a rabbit homogeneous antibody to streptococcal carbohydrate. I. Purification of antibody and sequence determination of peptides from alpha-chymo-tryptic and thermolytic digests. (1975)

Primary structural studies have been carried out on the light chain of a homogeneous rabbit antibody to Group C streptococcal carbohydrate. Approximately 20 g of this antibody were obtained by multiple exchange transfusions at the peak of the antibody response. The isolated antibody was homogeneous by several antigenic and chemical criteria. The light chain was isolated and modified, and then digested with alpha-chymotrypsin or thermolysin. The resulting peptides were isolated by gel filtration, paper electrophoresis, and paper chromatography. The amino acid sequences of these peptides were determined by Edman degradation plus dansylation. This supplied sufficient information to assign approximately 90 percent of the residues in the chain. The destruction of tyrosine during acid hydrolysis of peptides which had been eluted from a paper chromatogram was investigated. This destruction is due to inpurities in the paper which contaminate the peptides. Prevention of such destruction can be achieved by predevelopment of the paper with 1 N NH4OH prior to paper chromatography.
Surface diffusion measurements of In on InGaAs enabled by droplet epitaxy (2017)

Surface diffusion is a critical parameter for non-equilibrium growth techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy. However, very little is known about diffusion rates of individual cations in a mixed cation material. Using droplet epitaxy as the growth technique, we isolate the diffusivity prefactor (D0) and activation energy (EA) of indium on the surface of In0.53Ga0.47As/InP(100). We report two regimes of indium diffusivity under As2-rich conditions: above and below the droplet deposition temperature of 300 °C, corresponding to a change in surface reconstruction. We also discuss methods of extracting the indium diffusion parameters on metal-rich surfaces using droplet epitaxy and nucleation theory. The obtained diffusion parameters are compared to previous work in the literature and could be employed to optimize growth conditions for non-equilibrium crystal growth.
Timescales of Massive Human Entrainment (2015)

The past two decades have seen an upsurge of interest in the collective behaviors of complex systems composed of many agents entrained to each other and to external events. In this paper, we extend the concept of entrainment to the dynamics of human collective attention. We conducted a detailed investigation of the unfolding of human entrainment--as expressed by the content and patterns of hundreds of thousands of messages on Twitter--during the 2012 US presidential debates. By time-locking these data sources, we quantify the impact of the unfolding debate on human attention at three time scales. We show that collective social behavior covaries second-by-second to the interactional dynamics of the debates: A candidate speaking induces rapid increases in mentions of his name on social media and decreases in mentions of the other candidate. Moreover, interruptions by an interlocutor increase the attention received. We also highlight a distinct time scale for the impact of salient content during the debates: Across well-known remarks in each debate, mentions in social media start within 5-10 seconds after it occurs; peak at approximately one minute; and slowly decay in a consistent fashion across well-known events during the debates. Finally, we show that public attention after an initial burst slowly decays through the course of the debates. Thus we demonstrate that large-scale human entrainment may hold across a number of distinct scales, in an exquisitely time-locked fashion. The methods and results pave the way for careful study of the dynamics and mechanisms of large-scale human entrainment.
MEG dual scanning: a procedure to study real-time auditory interaction between two persons (2012)

Social interactions fill our everyday life and put strong demands on our brain function. However, the possibilities for studying the brain basis of social interaction are still technically limited, and even modern brain imaging studies of social cognition typically monitor just one participant at a time. We present here a method to connect and synchronize two faraway neuromagnetometers. With this method, two participants at two separate sites can interact with each other through a stable real-time audio connection with minimal delay and jitter. The magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and audio recordings of both laboratories are accurately synchronized for joint offline analysis. The concept can be extended to connecting multiple MEG devices around the world. As a proof of concept of the MEG-to-MEG link, we report the results of time-sensitive recordings of cortical evoked responses to sounds delivered at laboratories separated by 5 km.
High pressure and temperature sensing for the oil industry using fiber Bragg gratings written onto side hole single mode fiber (1999)

We describe novel Bragg grating sensors based single mode fiber made with side air holes. Measurements made at 12 kpsi and 100 C produced enhanced sensitivity and reduced thermal dependence compared to normal fiber Bragg gratings.
High-pressure polycrystalline diamond as a cost effective heat spreader (2002)

Diamond is an ideal material for heat spreading applications; CVD PCD is many times more expensive than high pressure PCD because it grows much slower and the material cost is higher. High-pressure PCD can be produced in large quantities and molded into shapes at a reasonable price. Novatek's patented high pressure synthesis process produces PCD with a conductivity of 700 W/m/spl deg/K, almost twice that of copper. Diamond heat spreaders are most effective in applications producing high heat flux densities. Diamond becomes far more conductive than metals at cryogenic temperatures. The thermal junction between the IC and the heat sink is a predominant thermal resistance. High pressure diamond has favorable thermal expansion and stiffness coefficients and is easily pre-metalized insitu, making it a good material for direct bonding to the IC.
The Effect of a Western Diet on Hepatic Autophagy in Age Accelerated SAMP8 Mice (2017)

Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized as a dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism and a chronic inflammatory state. It is hypothesized the link between lipid dysregulation and inflammation may be due in part to defective hepatic autophagy and reduced mitochondrial capacity to oxidize fatty acids. It remains to be determined; however, the effects of a Western diet on hepatic autophagy and mitochondrial function during aging. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a high‐fat high‐fructose diet (HFF) on markers of hepatic autophagy and mitochondrial function in an age‐accelerated mouse model. METHODS Twenty‐week old, male and female, SAMP8 mice (n=49) were randomly assigned, matching for gender, to either a standard chow (SC) or HFF (45% fat, 24% fructose) diet for 32 weeks. Liver tissue was analyzed for mRNA expression of autophagic (BNIP3, Beclin 1, p62, and Atg7) and mitochondrial (PGC‐1α and COX‐IV) genes. Differences between gender and dietary groups were identified by a 2 × 2 ANOVA and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS Following 32 weeks of feeding, male mice fed the HFF diet were significantly heavier than male mice in the SC group (31.64 vs 26.45; p=0.001); however, no difference was observed between diet groups for female mice. The HFF diet resulted in higher autophagic activity as observed by Beclin 1 (+36%; p=0.001) and BNIP3 (+40%; P=0.003) expression. Despite the higher autophagic activity, p62 (+31%; p<0.001) was higher in the HFF compared to the SC group, suggesting impaired autophagic flux. In addition, mitochondrial COX‐IV expression was elevated (+43%; P<0.001) in the HFF group compared to the SC group suggesting increased β‐oxidation. Overall, the expression of all autophagic and mitochondrial markers were higher in males compared to females; however both male and female mice responded similarly to the HFF diet. CONCLUSION Despite the higher expression of autophagic and mitochondrial genes, elevated expression of p62 suggests an impaired autophagic flux in age‐accelerated mice following a Western diet.
Unique Mesoporous Silicoaluminophosphate Assembled from Faujasite-type SAPO-37 Precursor: A Potential Catalyst for Isomerization (2013)

Abstract Unique mesoporous silicoaluminophosphate (MESO-SAPO-37) with uniform pores (3 nm) was synthesized for the first time by using a faujasite-type microporous SAPO-37 precursor. MESO-SAPO-37 contains hierarchical mesopores with a microporous secondary building unit. It possesses strong acidity and shows high catalytic activity for the conversion of 1-octene, with the exclusive formation of isomerized products (84%).
Long pentraxin 3 in pulmonary infection and acute lung injury (2007)

Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a newly discovered acute phase protein produced at the sites of infection and inflammation by tissue cells, macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells. PTX3 plays an important role in preventing infection of certain fungi, bacteria, and viruses in the lung. Recombinant PTX3 has been proposed as a potential antifungal molecule for therapy. However, under certain experimental conditions, such as intestinal ischemia-reperfusion, high volume mechanical ventilation, or severe bacterial infection, increased expression of PTX3 is associated with more severe lung injury. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the sources of PTX3 in the lung and the regulatory mechanisms of its expression. It is also essential to further determine how PTX3 binds to pathogens, complement, and apoptotic cells, and to determine whether PTX3 has a specific receptor in targeted cells. These studies will provide insight into the pathological processes of pulmonary infection and acute lung injury and provide potential novel therapeutic strategies to control pulmonary infections without severe lung injury.
On-line synchronous machine parameter estimation from small disturbance operating data (1995)

This paper presents a step-by-step system identification approach to estimate the parameters of a three-phase salient-pole synchronous machine rated at 5 kVA from online small disturbance responses. The machine equivalent circuit model linear parameters and the nonlinear saturated parameters are estimated. The estimation is performed using the maximum likelihood algorithm. Simulation studies based on the online measured small and large dynamic disturbances are performed to validate the accuracy of the identified machine model including the saturation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Elastic Bandwidth Allocation in Flexible OFDM-Based Optical Networks (2011)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has recently been proposed as a modulation technique for optical networks, because of its good spectral efficiency, flexibility, and tolerance to impairments. We consider the planning problem of an OFDM optical network, where we are given a traffic matrix that includes the requested transmission rates of the connections to be served. Connections are provisioned for their requested rate by elastically allocating spectrum using a variable number of OFDM subcarriers and choosing an appropriate modulation level, taking into account the transmission distance. We introduce the Routing, Modulation Level and Spectrum Allocation (RMLSA) problem, as opposed to the typical Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) problem of traditional WDM networks, prove that is also NP-complete and present various algorithms to solve it. We start by presenting an optimal ILP RMLSA algorithm that minimizes the spectrum used to serve the traffic matrix, and also present a decomposition method that breaks RMLSA into its two substituent subproblems, namely 1) routing and modulation level and 2) spectrum allocation <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$({\rm RML}+{\rm SA})$</tex></formula> , and solves them sequentially. We also propose a heuristic algorithm that serves connections one-by-one and use it to solve the planning problem by sequentially serving all the connections in the traffic matrix. In the sequential algorithm, we investigate two policies for defining the order in which connections are considered. We also use a simulated annealing meta-heuristic to obtain even better orderings. We examine the performance of the proposed algorithms through simulation experiments and evaluate the spectrum utilization benefits that can be obtained by utilizing OFDM elastic bandwidth allocation, when compared to a traditional WDM network.
Evaluation of AL-FEC performance for IP television services QoS (2009)

The IP television services quality is a critical issue because of the nature of transport infrastructure. Packet loss is the main cause of service degradation in such kind of network platforms. The use of forward error correction (FEC) techniques in the application layer (AL-FEC), between the source of TV service (video server) and the user terminal, seams to be an efficient strategy to counteract packet losses alternatively or in addiction to suitable traffic management policies (only feasible in "managed networks"). A number of AL-FEC techniques have been discussed in literature and proposed for inclusion in TV over IP international standards. In this paper a performance evaluation of the AL-FEC defined in SMPTE 2022-1 standard is presented. Different typical events occurring in IP networks causing different types (in terms of statistic distribution) of IP packet losses have been studied and AL-FEC performance to counteract these kind of losses have been evaluated. The performed analysis has been carried out in view of fulfilling the TV services QoS requirements that are usually very demanding. For managed networks, this paper envisages a strategy to combine the use of AL-FEC with the set-up of a transport quality based on FEC packets prioritization. Promising results regard this kind of strategy have been obtained.
Newer Techniques of Transseptal Left-Heart Catheterization (1963)

1. Teflon tubing is ideally suited for transseptal catheterization because of its low coefficient of friction. 2. Catheterization of the left ventricle can be easily performed with a maneuverable spring guide. 3. A Teflon-tipped cannula and a tough, flexible, Teflon guide are used for percutaneous catheter insertions. 4. Safety measures used in transseptal puncture are described. 5. Simultaneous percutaneous insertion of a retrograde Teflon aortic catheter and the transseptal catheter permit transvalvular gradients to be obtained even when a diseased mitral or aortic valve cannot be crossed.
In situ double-beam NADH laser fluorimetry: choice of a reference wavelength (1984)

A double-beam laser fluorimeter, using a single optical fiber to guide the lights, was constructed for in situ and on-line monitoring of NADH concentration [( NADH]) from normally blood-perfused living tissues. The device was tested on an isolated blood-perfused rat heart system to determine the most efficient reference wavelength for the compensation of the hemodynamic artifact induced by blood circulation in the tissues on the fluorescence measure; 586 nm was found to be an accurate reference wavelength, and a mathematical relationship was established that allowed the digital treatment of the measured fluorescence to give a signal (compensated fluorescence) that varied only with [NADH] in the volume of tissue investigated.
The Homogeneous Unit Principle Revisited: Part On (1997)

Walther A Olsen presents new perspectives on the most criticized principle of the CGM in his article The Homogeneous Unit Principle Revisited. His experience as a missionary, pastor and professor allow him to address the issue with fresh insight. The reader will see the homogeneous unit principle with new “church growth eyes” after reading this article. This is Part One of the study with Part Two to appear in the Fall 1997 issue of the Journal of the American Society for Church Growth.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE PREPARATION OF AROMATIC OR HETEROAROMATIC SULFIDES (1980)

Abstract Die aromatischen Amine (I) reagieren mit Methyldisulfid (II) in Gegenwart von i‐Pentylnitrit zu den Thiomethylethern (III).
The functional role of the activating receptors TIM-3 and CD16 in human natural killer (NK) cell biology (2012)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. September 2012. Major: Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology. Advisor: Jeffrey S. Miller, MD. I computer file (PDF); xiv, 183 pages, appendix p. 171-183.
A case-control study of calciphylaxis in Japanese end-stage renal disease patients (2011)

The results of this study showed that warfarin therapy and lower serum albumin levels are significant and strong risk factors for the development of calciphylaxis in chronic hemodialysis patients in Japan.
Metabolic Slowing with Massive Weight Loss despite Preservation of Fat-Free Mass (2012)

Despite relative preservation of FFM, exercise did not prevent dramatic slowing of resting metabolism out of proportion to weight loss. This metabolic adaptation may persist during weight maintenance and predispose to weight regain unless high levels of physical activity or caloric restriction are maintained.
The Stabilization of Germanium Surfaces by Ethylation (1962)

Measurements of both the trapped charge density in the fast states and the surface recombination velocity as a function of the surface potential are reported for ethylated germanium surfaces. Measurements have been made at room temperature on n‐ and p‐type wafers. The surface potential was varied over a range of 0.15v by the application of an a‐c electric field normal to the surface. In the region of surface potentials examined, the charge distribution can be approximated by two discrete sets of surface states. The surface formed by ethylation have a concentration of fast states of the order of . On n‐type material a strong p‐type inversion layer is formed; on p‐type material the bands are nearly flat at the surface. Ethylated samples have also been examined by the large signal surface photo‐voltage technique and by observation of the slow states conductivity relaxation. Measurements on several samples and repeated measurements on the same sample in a series of different gaseous ambients show the surface structure to be reproducible, stable, and insensitive to ambients.
Generalized Vector Explicit Guidance (2006)

This paper proposes and evaluates a new guidance law termed generalized vector explicit guidance (GENEX). This guidance law can simultaneously achieve design specifications on miss distance and final missile-target relative orientation. The latter may be used to enhance the performance of warheads the effectiveness of which is influenced by the terminal encounter geometry. The GENEX guidance law is parameterized in terms of a design coefficient that determines the degree of curvature in the trajectory. Feasibility of GENEX guidance was demonstrated by its application to two weapon scenarios. The first was an air-to-air missile terminal homing scenario. Assuming ideal sensor information and a single-lag missile response model, the guidance was shown to perform well against an air target performing evasive maneuvers. A specified zero-aspect terminal encounter angle was achieved while simultaneously minimizing miss distance. The second application involved an air-to-surface munition released from an unmanned air vehicle. The GENEX guidance law was able to produce trajectories satisfying a terminal impact angle constraint. In addition, an engagement region of sufficient size was shown to be achievable using guidance gains scheduled with target location and weapon release altitude.
The Open Data Environment (2007)

Chuck Humphrey uses the four themes from IASSIST 2006 (cyberinfrastructure, digital repositories, DDI 3.0 and the data life cycle) to describe models of open data environments.