gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing Flash Memory Write Traffic by Exploiting a Few MBs of Capacitor-Powered Write Buffer Inside Solid-State Drives (SSDs) (2018)

To mitigate the long write latency of NAND flash memory, solid-state drives (SSDs) typically use capacitor-powered SRAM or DRAM to realize internal nonvolatile write buffering. Due to the cost and size constraints, intra-SSD capacitors can only power a very small amount (e.g., 8 MB or 16 MB) of nonvolatile write buffer. As a result, most commercial SSDs simply use the few MBs of capacitor-powered write buffer in the first-in first-out (FIFO) manner without employing any advanced data eviction policy. This paper presents a set of design strategies across the application and storage device levels that can effectively leverage the very small intra-SSD write buffer to noticeably reduce the amount of data being physically written to NAND flash memory. These cross-layer design strategies are primarily geared towards mainstream applications (e.g., database and filesystem) that heavily involve logging/journaling operations. This paper discusses different strategies for realizing flash memory write traffic reduction through nominal application-level modifications, and presents solutions to accordingly manage the write buffer at small processing and memory resource usage inside SSDs. To evaluate the potential effectiveness, we carried out case studies based upon popular open-source relational databases and filesystem. With only 8 MB of intra-SSD capacitor-powered write buffer, our experimental results show that the developed design solutions can reduce up to 39.7, 36.5, and 52.9 percent of total NAND flash memory write traffic for MySQL, ext4, and PostgreSQL, respectively.
Robust Digital Watermarking for Compressed 3D Models based on Polygonal Representation (2013)

Multimedia has recently played an increasingly important role in various domains, including Web applications, movies, video game and medical visualization. The rapid growth of digital media data over the Internet, on the other hand, makes it easy for anyone to access, copy, edit and distribute digital contents such as electronic documents, images, sounds and videos. Motivated by this, much research work has been dedicated to develop methods for digital data copyright protection, tracing the ownership, and preventing illegal duplication or tampering. This paper introduces a methodology of robust digital watermarking based on a wellknown spherical wavelet transformation, applied to 3D compressed model based on polygonal representation using a neural network. It will be demonstrated in this work that applying a watermarking algorithm on a compressed domain of a 3D object is more effective, efficient, and robust than when applied on a normal domain.
Efficient Near-Infrared-Emitting Cationic Iridium Complexes as Dopants for OLEDs with Small Efficiency Roll-off (2012)

Two near-infrared- (NIR-) emitting cationic iridium(III) complexes, [Ir(pbq-g)2(Bphen)]+PF6– (1) and [Ir(mpbqx-g)2(Bphen)]+PF6– (2), were synthesized and characterized, where pbq-g, mpbqx-g, and Bphen represent phenylbenzo[g]quinoline, 2-methyl-3-phenylbenzo[g]quinoxaline, and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, respectively. By employing sp2-hybridized N opposite the chelating N atom in the cyclometalated ligand, we succeeded in expanding the emission of iridium complexes with simple structures to the truly NIR region of the spectrum. This subtle structural adjustment significantly lowered the LUMOs of the iridium complexes, leading to a 60–80-nm emission red shift of complex 2 relative to complex 1. Based on these solution-processable phosphors, NIR organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) were fabricated with the emission covering the range 690–850 nm. Compared with common OLEDs, these NIR-emitting electrophosphorescent devices demonstrate exclusive small efficiency roll-off with increasing current density. For complex 1, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) was 0.67% at a current density of 6 mA/cm2, and the value held at 0.61% at a current density of 20 mA/cm2. In particular, the EQEs of devices based on complex 2 remained almost constant even up to 100 mA/cm2. Such unique characteristics are desirable for the practical application of OLEDs in terms of energy savings. They can be ascribed to the bulky aromatic cyclometalated and ancillary ligands, together with the octahedral configuration of Ir(III) complexes, thereby hindering molecular aggregation and triplet–triplet annihilation under high populations of triplet excitons.
A new role for an old enzyme: Nitrate reductase-mediated nitric oxide generation is required for abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in <i>Arabidopsis</i> <i>thaliana</i> (2002)

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA), synthesized in response to water-deficit stress, induces stomatal closure via activation of complex signaling cascades. Recent work has established that nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule mediating ABA-induced stomatal closure. However, the biosynthetic origin of NO in guard cells has not yet been resolved. Here, we provide pharmacological, physiological, and genetic evidence that NO synthesis in Arabidopsis guard cells is mediated by the enzyme nitrate reductase (NR). Guard cells of wild-type Arabidopsis generate NO in response to treatment with ABA and nitrite, a substrate for NR. Moreover, NR-mediated NO synthesis is required for ABA-induced stomatal closure. However, in the NR double mutant, nia1, nia2 that has diminished NR activity, guard cells do not synthesize NO nor do the stomata close in response to ABA or nitrite, although stomatal opening is still inhibited by ABA. Furthermore, by using the ABA-insensitive (ABI) abi1-1 and abi2-1 mutants, we show that the ABI1 and ABI2 protein phosphatases are downstream of NO in the ABA signal-transduction cascade. These data demonstrate a previously uncharacterized signaling role for NR, that of mediating ABA-induced NO synthesis in Arabidopsis guard cells.
Induction of wound response genes in tomato leaves by bestatin, an inhibitor of aminopeptidases. (1995)

Bestatin, an inhibitor of some aminopeptidases in plants and animals, is a powerful inducer of defense genes in tomato leaves; these genes are also induced by herbivore attacks, mechanical wounding, systemin, and methyl jasmonate. Unlike wounding and systemin, bestatin does not cause an increase in intracellular jasmonic acid concentrations, and inhibitors of the octadecanoid pathway do not inhibit induction by bestatin. Furthermore, defense genes were induced by bestatin in a mutant tomato line (JL-5) with a defect in the octadecanoid pathway. Bestatin therefore appears to be exerting its effects close to the level of transcriptional control of these genes, where it may be inhibiting a regulatory protease.
Design of Polar Codes in 5G New Radio (2020)

Polar codes have attracted the attention of academia and industry alike in the past decade, such that the 5th generation wireless systems (5G) standardization process of the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) chose polar codes as a channel coding scheme. In this tutorial, we provide a description of the encoding process of polar codes adopted by the 5G standard. We illustrate the struggles of designing a family of polar codes able to satisfy the demands of 5G systems, with particular attention to rate flexibility and low decoding latency. The result of these efforts is an elaborate framework that applies novel coding techniques to provide a solid channel code for NR requirements.
A new method for mining regression classes in large data sets (2001)

Extracting patterns and models of interest from large databases is attracting much attention in a variety of disciplines. Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) and data mining (DM) are areas of common interest to researchers in machine learning, pattern recognition, statistics, artificial intelligence, and high performance computing. An effective and robust method, the regression class mixture decomposition (RCMD) method, is proposed for the mining of regression classes in large data sets, especially those contaminated by noise. A concept, called "regression class" which is defined as a subset of the data set that is subject to a regression model, is proposed as a basic building block on which the mining process is based. A large data set is treated as a mixture population in which there are many such regression classes and others not accounted for by the regression models. Iterative and genetic-based algorithms for the optimization of the objective function in the RCMD method are also constructed. It is demonstrated that the RCMD method can resist a very large proportion of noisy data, identify each regression class, assign an inlier set of data points supporting each identified regression class, and determine the a priori unknown number of statistically valid models in the data set. Although the models are extracted sequentially, the final result is almost independent of the extraction order due to a dynamic classification strategy employed in the handling of overlapping regression classes. The effectiveness and robustness of the RCMD method are substantiated by a set of simulation experiments and a real-life application showing the way it can be used to fit mixed data to linear regression classes and nonlinear structures in various situations.
An Electromagnetic Survey Method for Directionally Drilling a Relief Well Into a Blown Out Oil or Gas Well (1984)

Abstract This paper describes an electromagnetic method to facilitate drilling a well to intersect a target well casing. It has an important application in control of blown out oil and gas wells. By this method, a relief well was directionally drilled to intersect the casing of a blowout at 8,000 ft [2700 m]. The relative distance and azimuthal direction to the target casing can be determined when the relief well is up to more than 100 ft [30 m] from the blowout.
Scaling performance of Ga2O3/GaN nanowire field effect transistor (2013)

A three-dimensional finite element solver is applied to investigate the performance of Ga2O3/GaN nanowire transistors. Experimental nanowire results of 50 nm gate length are provided to compare with the simulation, and they show good agreement. The performance of a shorter gate length (&lt;50 nm) is studied and scaling issues of the short-channel effect are analyzed. With a better surrounding gate design and a recessed gate approach, the optimal conditions for a 20 nm gate length are explored in this paper.
Transient expression of NADPH‐diaphorase in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the ferret during early postnatal development (1995)

Retinogeniculate projections in the ferret are refined during postnatal development so that inputs from the two eyes become segregated into eye-specific laminae, and each eye-specific lamina is further divided into sublaminae containing inputs from on-center or off-center afferents. Segregation into eye-specific laminae and on/off sublaminae is dependent on neuronal activity; sublamination depends on activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. By analogy with the suggested role of nitric oxide in NMDA-mediated long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, we investigated a possible role for nitric oxide in ferret retinogeniculate development. The expression of NADPH-diaphorase, a nitric oxide synthase, was examined histologically in the lateral geniculate nucleus of ferrets at several postnatal ages. At birth, neuropil is labeled in the nucleus, although no cell bodies are visible. After the first postnatal week, some labeled cells appear, predominantly in the C laminae. By three postnatal weeks, cell bodies are clearly labeled in all geniculate laminae. Staining reaches a peak in density at about four postnatal weeks, then declines such that by six postnatal weeks labeled cells are no longer visible. This transient expression of NADPH-diaphorase activity is consistent with a role for nitric oxide in the development of mature connections within the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus.
Identification of Low Molecular Weight Pyroglutamate Aβ Oligomers in Alzheimer Disease (2010)

N-terminally truncated Aβ peptides starting with pyroglutamate (AβpE3) represent a major fraction of all Aβ peptides in the brain of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. AβpE3 has a higher aggregation propensity and stability and shows increased toxicity compared with full-length Aβ. In the present work, we generated a novel monoclonal antibody (9D5) that selectively recognizes oligomeric assemblies of AβpE3 and studied the potential involvement of oligomeric AβpE3 in vivo using transgenic mouse models as well as human brains from sporadic and familial AD cases. 9D5 showed an unusual staining pattern with almost nondetectable plaques in sporadic AD patients and non-demented controls. Interestingly, in sporadic and familial AD cases prominent intraneuronal and blood vessel staining was observed. Using a novel sandwich ELISA significantly decreased levels of oligomers in plasma samples from patients with AD compared with healthy controls were identified. Moreover, passive immunization of 5XFAD mice with 9D5 significantly reduced overall Aβ plaque load and AβpE3 levels, and normalized behavioral deficits. These data indicate that 9D5 is a therapeutically and diagnostically effective monoclonal antibody targeting low molecular weight AβpE3 oligomers.
An Investigation of Local Descriptors for Biometric Spoofing Detection (2015)

Biometric authentication systems are quite vulnerable to sophisticated spoofing attacks. To keep a good level of security, reliable spoofing detection tools are necessary, preferably implemented as software modules. The research in this field is very active, with local descriptors, based on the analysis of microtextural features, gaining more and more popularity, because of their excellent performance and flexibility. This paper aims at assessing the potential of these descriptors for the liveness detection task in authentication systems based on various biometric traits: fingerprint, iris, and face. Besides compact descriptors based on the independent quantization of features, already considered for some liveness detection tasks, we will study promising descriptors based on the joint quantization of rich local features. The experimental analysis, conducted on publicly available data sets and in fully reproducible modality, confirms the potential of these tools for biometric applications, and points out possible lines of development toward further improvements.
Isolation of Bacillus subtilis genes from a charon 4A library (1981)

A library of Bacillus subtilis chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was constructed, using lambda charon 4A as a cloning vector. Partially cleaved Bacillus subtilis DNA was prepared by partial methylation with EcoRI methylase, followed by complete EcoRI endonuclease digestion. More than 95% of the phage particles carried B. subtilis DNA inserts. When this library was screened for transforming activity, using competent cells, 70% of the genetic markers tested were found in a sample of 1,710 plaques. Cloned genetic loci were found to be about 100-fold more efficient in transforming activity than chromosomal DNA. Intact phage particles containing the pheA locus were found to be able to transform competent recipients with approximately the same efficiency as phage DNA. Transformation by intact particles was insensitive to deoxyribonuclease.
Efficient affinity-based edit propagation using K-D tree (2009)

Image/video editing by strokes has become increasingly popular due to the ease of interaction. Propagating the user inputs to the rest of the image/video, however, is often time and memory consuming especially for large data. We propose here an efficient scheme that allows affinity-based edit propagation to be computed on data containing tens of millions of pixels at interactive rate (in matter of seconds). The key in our scheme is a novel means for approximately solving the optimization problem involved in edit propagation, using adaptive clustering in a high-dimensional, affinity space. Our approximation significantly reduces the cost of existing affinity-based propagation methods while maintaining visual fidelity, and enables interactive stroke-based editing even on high resolution images and long video sequences using commodity computers.
Multi-objective approach in GNSS code discriminator design (2008)

In spread spectrum ranging system receivers such as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, a discriminator is used in the code tracking loop to provide an error signal for the tracking of incoming signals. Typically, the discriminator manipulates several correlator outputs to form the correction signal. A multi-objective approach is adopted here to design the coefficients associated with a multi-correlator-based discriminator to lead to a better performance tradeoff in large tracking range, acceptable multipath-induced bias, high sensitivity, free of ambiguity, and small variance. It is shown that the multiple-objective problem can be tackled via a quadratic/linear programming method, rendering the optimal coefficient vector for the implementation of the discriminator. In addition, as the discriminator design is often subject to conflicting requirements, it is shown that the proposed design approach is capable of establishing bounds on achievable performance. Examples with respect to BPSK (binary phase-shift keying) NRZ (nonreturn-to-zero), and BOC (binary-offset carrier) signals are given to illustrate the design approach.
Medical Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome (1985)

Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome has been hampered by the ongoing confusion concerning the etiology of this disorder. Lack of universally accepted diagnostic criteria has been a major factor in the inconclusive and contradictory results of most studies of treatment. Medical treatments which have been used for Premenstrual Syndrome can be divided into three major groups: those that are designed to relieve specific symptoms without attempting to modify the underlying disease process; those that presumably correct what is hypothesized as being the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder; and those that alter the normal ovulatory menstrual cycle. This paper critically reviews a multitude of proposed treatments including psychoactive drugs, diet, exercise, vitamin supplements, hormones and surgery. There is no clear cut evidence of the effectiveness of any of these medical approaches. The emphasis on medical and drug therapies should not discourage physicians from evaluating the effects of psychotherapy on symptom amelioration.
TiN thin film resistors for monolithic microwave integrated circuits (2010)

Titanium nitride (TiN) thin film resistors (TFRs) have been fabricated by reactive sputter deposition. The TFRs were characterized in terms of composition, thickness, and resistance. Furthermore, a first assessment of the resistor reliability was made by measurements of the resistivity (ρ) versus temperature, electrical stress, long-term stability, and thermal infrared measurements. TiN layers with thicknesses up to 3560 Å, corresponding to a sheet resistance (Rs) of 10 Ω/◻, were successfully deposited without any signs of stress in the films. The critical dissipated power (Pc) showed a correlation with the resistor footprint-area indicating that Joule-heating was the main cause of failure. This was partly substantiated by the thermal infrared measurements.
Yaw Dynamic Modeling for Improved High Speed Control of a Farm Tractor (2000)

Abstract This paper presents the system identification of a farm tractor in order to improve automatic control at higher speeds and understand controller limitations from neglecting the yaw dynamics. Yaw dynamic models are developed for multiple speeds to show the effect of velocity on the model. The identified modeled yaw dynamics do not resemble any traditional analytical models. Additionally, the effect of velocity on the closed loop bandwidth of the controller for a given set of LQR controller weights is presented. Results are given that validate that as the closed loop bandwidth of LQR control weights approaches the regime of the unmodelled yaw dynamics, the controller can go unstable. Finally results show an improvement of the lateral tracking error (with a decrease in control effort) using the system identification model.
Micro balloon actuators for aerodynamic control (2002)

A robust, large-force, large-deflection micro balloon actuator for aerodynamic (manoeuvring) control of transonic aircraft has been developed. Using a novel process, high yield linear arrays of silicone balloons on a robust silicon substrate have been fabricated that can deflect vertically in excess of one mm. Balloon actuators have been tested under cyclic conditions to assess reliability. The actuators have been characterized in a wind tunnel to assess their suitability as aerodynamic control surfaces and flight-tested on a jet fighter to assess their resistance to varied temperatures and pressures at high velocity.
Fixed Structure Automata in a Multi-Teacher Environment (1977)

The concept of an automaton operating in a multi-teacher environment is introduced, and several interesting questions that arise in this context are examined. In particular, we concentrate on the consequences of adding a new teacher to an existing n-teacher set as it affects the choice of a switching strategy. The effect of this choice on expediency and speed of convergence is presented for a specific automaton structure.
Ocean Wave Energy Conversion - A Survey (2006)

Ocean energy conversion has been of interest for many years. Recent developments such as concern over global warming have renewed interest in the topic. This paper gives a systematic and comprehensive overview of wave energy converters (WEC) as opposed to ocean current energy converters. The point absorber and oscillating water column WEC devices are addressed with regards to commercial prospects, environmental concerns, current state-of-the art, and further research areas. Thereby, the paper seeks to enhance investigation of results obtained in other fields in the ocean wave energy conversion setting and to stimulate research on topics that have not been in the focus so far
Microwave photonics for Electronic Warfare applications (2008)

This paper provides an update on research and development within the Australian defence industry of microwave photonics systems and their application to electronic warfare (EW) receivers. The major developments have diverged into two primary streams: the development of EW receivers to accommodate the signal transmission characteristics of microwave photonic links and development of broadband optical signal processing components.
Loop heat pipe technology for cooling computer servers (2008)

An air cooled loop heat pipe (LHP) system was developed for cooling a dual CPU 1U server. The LHP uses newly developed flat plate evaporators and air cooled condensers with millimeter scale condensation channels and plain parallel fins. Bench tests were conducted using 20 x 20 mm uniform heat sources dissipating 100 watts and air preheating to simulate air-cooled operation within a 1U server chassis. Thermal resistance was decreased as the air temperature increased from 25degC to 50degC. At 50degC air temperature, the LHP evaporator surface temperature reached 65degC showing an effective evaporator surface to air thermal resistance of 0.15degC/W. A commercial 1U server with dual 100 W rated Intel Xeon processors was used to compare the effectiveness of the LHP cooling system to the standard processor fan heat sinks. Multiple instances of CPU Burn were used to exercise the CPU's for maximum power dissipation. Under similar test conditions with room air temperature in the range 26-30degC, the interface temperature at the processors stabilized at ~75degC with the fan heat sinks and ~55degC with the LHP cooling system.