gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experience with the Use of Tetrakishydroxymethylphosphonium Sulfate (THPS) for the Control of Downhole Hydrogen Sulfide (2000)

Abstract TetrakisHydroxyMethylPhosphonium Sulfate (THPS) is used as a bactericide in the Skjold/Gorm oil production systems in the Danish sector of the North Sea. A reduction in H2S generation downhole due to THPS treatment resulted in savings on H2S scavenger consumption. In addition, use of THPS provides other benefits which are discussed in the paper. THPS treatments are compared with conventional bactericidal treatments and it is demonstrated how downhole injection of THPS retards the growth rate of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) and the rate of H2S production. THPS treatment resulted in a change in the downhole bacterial population, evidenced by changes in the sulfur isotope ratio of the produced H2S. Re-injection of produced water with low H2S concentrations increases the potential for iron sulfide (FeS) deposition, both in topsides and downhole. THPS changes both the physical form and the bacterial content of the FeS deposits. Removal of the deposits with acid is facilitated by THPS which exhibits FeS dissolving capabilities. Field tests have verified the effect.
Stress in SiO2 Films Deposited by Plasma and Ozone Tetraethylorthosilicate Chemical Vapor Deposition Processes (1992)

The behavior of stress was studied in as‐deposited and thermal cycled films deposited by plasma tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and ozone TEOS chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. It was found that the stress is large and compressive for thin films (≤1500 Å) for both types of oxides. At larger thicknesses, the stress becomes very small. During thermal cycling, the stress variation shows a hysteresis behavior. However, the type of hysteresis depends on the maximum temperature of cycling. This behavior of stress is explained based on the densification and structural changes in the oxide film which are shown up by the changes in the IR absorption spectra.
Joint Word- and Character-level Embedding CNN-RNN Models for Punctuation Restoration (2018)

The sequence-to-sequence modelling paradigm has been successfully used in automatic punctuation of text generated by Automatic Speech Recognizers (ASR), using bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), which map the word and/or acoustic event sequence to the punctuation sequence. The current paper proposes to enhance the word sequence-based system with a character-level model using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CNNs are known to be useful as data-driven front-ends in machine perception, hence we believe that the proposed approach is relevant for cognitive infocommunications. We also evaluate a hybrid solution when the punctuation marks are jointly determined based on character- and on word-level features, and demonstrate significant improvement in punctuation performance. The performance evaluation is executed on a Hungarian Broadcast Dataset and on the IWSLT English dataset.
Extension of a binaural cross-correlation model by contralateral inhibition. II. The law of the first wave front (1986)

This paper explains the "law of the first wave front" and related binaural phenomena on the basis of the model presented in the previous paper [Lindemann, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80, 1608-1622 (1986)] in which a contralateral inhibition mechanism was added to the well-known model of binaural cross correlation. In order to verify the predictions of the extended model, psychoacoustic experiments were performed with pairs of narrow-band impulses which were presented through headphones. The test signals consisted of a diotic primary sound and an "echo" with an interaural arrival-time difference. Lateralization was measured as a function of the time delay between primary sound and echo. For delays below the echo threshold, summing localization and the law of the first wave front were simulated; for delays above the echo threshold, the model predicts an influence of the primary sound on the lateralization of the echo.
Synthesis of surfactant-free electrostatically stabilized gold nanoparticles by plasma-induced liquid chemistry (2013)

Plasma-induced non-equilibrium liquid chemistry is used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) without using any reducing or capping agents. The morphology and optical properties of the synthesized AuNPs are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Plasma processing parameters affect the particle shape and size and the rate of the AuNP synthesis process. Particles of different shapes (e.g. spherical, triangular, hexagonal, pentagonal, etc) are synthesized in aqueous solutions. In particular, the size of the AuNPs can be tuned from 5 nm to several hundred nanometres by varying the initial gold precursor (HAuCl4) concentration from 2.5 μM to 1 mM. In order to reveal details of the basic plasma-liquid interactions that lead to AuNP synthesis, we have measured the solution pH, conductivity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration of the liquid after plasma processing, and conclude that H2O2 plays the role of the reducing agent which converts Au(+3) ions to Au(0) atoms, leading to nucleation growth of the AuNPs.
Oriented crystallization in polymers (1967)

Abstract This paper deals with various aspects of crystallization leading to oriented textures. In the first place it attempts to clarify the problem of melt-extruded polyethylene sheet, which leads to the more general problem of crystallization under stress. Lamellar crystal growth, normal to the stress direction nucleated along lines parallel to the stress, is found to be the underlying morphology of the resulting texture. The alignment and twisting of the lamellae and the density of the nucleating lines are the principal stress-dependent variables. Fortuitous nucleating sources may exist, but nucleation intrinsic to the polymer is strongly indicated. In analogy to stirrer-induced crystallization (which we have investigated following its discovery by Pennings), the existence of a fibrous backbone serving to nucleate the lamellae is suggested. The fibrils are thought to be essentially of an extended chain character and the lamellae chain-folded. The implications of these results are manifold. They show promise of unifying effects observed in materials as different as thermoplastics and elastomers, and hitherto disconnected effects found during solution crystallization, stress-induced crystallization, melt extrusion, and in some aspects of the drawing and annealing of fibers. Finally, they may help to reconcile the concepts of fibrous and lamellar polymer crystals.
Domain-Independent, Composable Web Services Policy Assertions (2006)

The current model for the predicates, or "Assertions", used in a WS-Policy instance is for each policy domain to design new schema elements for that domain's Assertions. Their semantics are defined in an associated specification and are domain-specific. This model leads to interoperability and maintenance problems and hinders dynamic service composition. WS-Policy constraints is a domain-independent language for writing Assertions that is based on the Web Services Policy Language subset of XACML; it differs in addressing only the Assertion layer. This paper describes problems with domain-specific Assertions, the WS-Policy constraints alternative, and problems encountered in the development of this language
Nuclear peptides from calf liver: large scale isolation and fractionation; control of gene expression in cell-free systems, and inhibition of growth of cells in culture. (1987)

DNA and nuclear RNA fractions contain small peptides (mol. wt. 600-1500) attached noncovalently. A large scale isolation procedure was developed for the extraction of such peptides directly from the lysed nuclei. Further purification and fractionation was performed with the chromatography on Sephadex, silica gel and H.P.L.C. C18 reverse phase columns. H.P.L.C. fractionation yielded eleven peaks. The peptides are rich in serine, glycine, alanine and acidic amino acids. They do not contain sulfur-containing amino acids. Only occasionally tyrosine, phenyalanine, histidine, arginine, and very moderate amount of lysine are found. These peptides are active in inhibiting gene expression in cell-free systems and incorporation of labeled thymidine in L 1210 murine leukemic cell culture. Thorough and exhaustive analysis demonstrated that the isolated peptides are not degradative products of histone or nonhistone chromosomal proteins.
Lean on Wii: physical rehabilitation with virtual reality Wii peripherals. (2010)

In recent years, a growing number of occupational therapists have integrated video game technologies, such as the Nintendo Wii, into rehabilitation programs. 'Wiihabilitation', or the use of the Wii in rehabilitation, has been successful in increasing patients' motivation and encouraging full body movement. The non-rehabilitative focus of Wii applications, however, presents a number of problems: games are too difficult for patients, they mainly target upper-body gross motor functions, and they lack support for task customization, grading, and quantitative measurements. To overcome these problems, we have designed a low-cost, virtual-reality based system. Our system, Virtual Wiihab, records performance and behavioral measurements, allows for activity customization, and uses auditory, visual, and haptic elements to provide extrinsic feedback and motivation to patients.
3-D Integration and Through-Silicon Vias in MEMS and Microsensors (2015)

After two decades of intensive development, 3-D integration has proven invaluable for allowing integrated circuits to adhere to Moore's Law without needing to continuously shrink feature sizes. The 3-D integration is also an enabling technology for hetero-integration of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)/microsensors with different technologies, such as CMOS and optoelectronics. This 3-D hetero-integration allows for the development of highly integrated multifunctional microsystems with small footprints, low cost, and high performance demanded by emerging applications. This paper reviews the following aspects of the MEMS/microsensor-centered 3-D integration: fabrication technologies and processes, processing considerations and strategies for 3-D integration, integrated device configurations and wafer-level packaging, and applications and commercial MEMS/microsensor products using 3-D integration technologies. Of particular interest throughout this paper is the hetero-integration of the MEMS and CMOS technologies.
Dibucaine-induced synchronous mucocyst secretion in Tetrahymena (1977)

Synchronous secretion of all available mature mucocysts was induced in late log phase cultures of Tetrahymena thermophilia (B III) by the local anaesthetic dibucaine. No assembled fusion rosettes were seen within the plasma membrane after release until 2-3 hrs of regrowth, thus proving that the rosettes are not permanent sites within the plasma membrane but have to be reassembled each time for a new fusion event to occur. Concomitant with the reappearance of assembled fusion rosettes, the cell cytoplasm fills up with precursors of new mucocysts thus linking the two events together.
A consumer digital VCR for advanced television (1993)

A prototype of a digital VCR for ATV (advanced television) has been developed. This VCR records the compressed digital HDTV (high-definition television) signal of the ATV system. The total recording bit rate is 36.8 Mb/s (18.4 Mb/s per channel), and the maximum recording time is 4 h with oxide tape. Thus, it is confirmed that it is possible to produce a low-cost consumer digital VCR for ATV with current VCR technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Geometrical Kernel Machine for Prediction and Novelty Detection of Disruptive Events in TOKAMAK Machines (2007)

This paper presents a so called Geometrical Kernel Machine used to predict disruptive events in nuclear fusion reactors. Here, the prediction problem is modeled as a two classes classification problem, and the predictor is built by using a new constructive algorithm that allows us to automatically determine both the number of neurons and the synaptic weights of a Multilayer Perceptron network with a single hidden layer. It has been demonstrated that the resulting network is able to classify any set of patterns defined in a real domain. The geometrical interpretation of the network equations allows us both to develop the predictor and to manage the so called ageing of the kernel machine. In fact, using the same kernel machine, a novelty detection system has been integrated in the predictor, increasing the overall system performance.
Corrosion Resistant Performances of Alkanoic and Phosphonic Acids Derived Self-Assembled Monolayers on Magnesium Alloy AZ31 by Vapor-Phase Method (2011)

Alkanoic and phosphonic acid derived self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were formed on magnesium alloy by the vapor phase method. AFM and XPS studies showed that SAMs were formed on Mg alloy. The chemical and anticorrosive properties of the SAMs prepared on magnesium alloys were characterized using contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical measurements. Water contact angle measurements revealed that, although SA and ISA have the same headgroup to anchor to the magnesium alloy surface, the packing density on the magnesium alloy surface could be considerably different. The contact angle hysteresis of SAMs with a carboxylate headgroup is much larger than that of SAMs with a phosphonic acid group. The XPS O 1s peaks indicated more likely a mix of mono-, bi-, or tridentate binding of phosphonic acid SAM to the oxide or hydroxide surface of the Mg alloy. The electrochemical measurements showed that the phosphonic acid derived SAM had better corrosion resistance compared to alkanoic acid derived SAM. The chemical stability of SAMs modified magnesium alloy was investigated using water contact angle and XPS measurements. The water contact angle and XPS measurements revealed that the molecular density of OP and PFEP on magnesium alloy would be higher than those of SA and ISA on magnesium alloy.
Synthesis of fluorine‐18 labeled sulfonureas as β‐cell imaging agents (2001)

Abstract Tolbutamide ( 1 ) and glyburide ( 7 ) are hypoglycemic drugs used to stimulate insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic patients. We have synthesized their fluorine‐18 labeled analogs, 1‐[(4‐[ 18 F]fluorobenzenesulfonyl)]‐3‐butyl]urea ( p ‐[ 18 F]fluorotolbutamide, 3a ) and N‐{4‐[β‐(2‐[ 18 F]fluoroethoxybenzene carboxamido)ethyl]benzenesulfonyl}‐N′‐cyclohexylurea (2‐[ 18 F]fluoroethoxyglyburide, 6a ) as β‐cell imaging agents. Compound 3a was synthesized via two approaches: One‐step synthesis via nucleophilic substitution of p ‐nitrotolbutamide ( 2 ) with K[ 18 F]/Kryptofix 2.2.2 in either CH 3 CN or DMSO gave a complicated mixture; a two‐step synthesis via preparation and reaction of 4‐[ 18 F]fluorobenzenesulfonamide with butyl isocyanate in the presence of either copper (I) chloride or borontrifluoride etherate complex in CH 3 CN followed by HPLC purification yielded compound 3a in an overall yield of 1–2% with a synthesis time of 120 minutes from EOB. Compound 6a was synthesized by alkylation of the corresponding hydroxy precursor ( 5 ) with [ 18 F]fluoroethyl tosylate in DMSO at 120°C for 20 minutes followed by HPLC purification in an overall yield of 5–10 % with a synthesis time of 100 minutes from Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capsule Endoscopy in a Patient with Zenker’s Diverticulum (2003)

Capsule endoscopy was recently introduced for endoluminal visualization of the small bowel [1]. The clinical utility of the procedure is undisputed [2] [3] [4], and for most patients, swallowing the capsule (11 × 33 mm in size) does not pose any problems.
Apoptosis in human skin development: Morphogenesis, periderm, and stem cells (1994)

During human skin development, embryonic- and fetal-specific periderm cells and incompletely keratinized cells are replaced by keratinocytes that differentiate while stratifying to form the fully functional epidermis. Proliferating basal cells of fetal skin also develop into epidermal appendages such as hair follicles and glands. We demonstrate that programmed cell death, not emphasized in conventional epidermal biology, has an important function in establishing the final architecture of the human epidermis and its appendages. Immunohistochemical localization of transglutaminases in fetal periderm, intermediate epidermal cells, and within appendages coincides with DNA fragmentation indicating that apoptosis is involved in deletion of these stage-specific cells and remodeling of appendages. The data also suggest that terminal differentiation of epidermal cells might be a specialized form of apoptosis. The pattern of expression of bcl-2, a gene associated with survival of some cells, is exclusive of the distribution patterns of markers of the cell death pathway. Bcl-2 protein is correlated with specific morphogenetic events in hair follicles and eccrine sweat glands, and its presence in single cells of the hair follicle bulge suggests that Bcl-2 may be a stem cell marker.
Piezoelectric ceramics characterization (2001)

This review explores piezoelectric ceramics analysis and characterization. The focus is on polycrystalline ceramics; therefore, single crystals, polymeric materials and organic/inorganic composites are outside the scope of this review. To thoroughly grasp the behavior of a piezoelectric polycrystalline ceramic, a basic understanding of the ceramic itself should not be overlooked. To this end, we have presented a brief introduction of the history of piezoelectricity and a discussion on processing of the ceramic and development of the constitutive relations that define the behavior of a piezoelectric material. We have attempted to cover the most common measurement methods as well as introduce parameters of interest. Excellent sources for more in-depth coverage of specific topics can be found in the bibliography. In most cases, we refer to lead zirconate titanate (PZT) to illustrate some of the concepts since it is the most widely used and studied piezoelectric ceramic to date.
Thomas Maguire, LL.D., D.Lit., (1889)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Fully automated urban traffic system (1977)

The replacement of the driver with an automatic system which could perform the functions of guiding and routing a vehicle with a human's capability of responding to changing traffic demands was discussed. The problem was divided into four technological areas; guidance, routing, computing, and communications. It was determined that the latter three areas being developed independent of any need for fully automated urban traffic. A guidance system that would meet system requirements was not being developed but was technically feasible.
Different Response to Amine Fluoride by <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and Polymicrobial Biofilms in a Novel High-Throughput Active Attachment Model (2010)

This study clearly shows that when evaluating the efficacy of caries-preventive compounds it is essential to use appropriate polymicrobial biofilm models, and more importantly that efficacy needs to be judged based on the reduction of acid formation (i.e. cariogenic potential) as well as on bacterial viability.
Temperature increase in porcine cadaver iris during direct illumination by femtosecond laser pulses (2011)

The 60 kHz commercial femtosecond laser operating with pulse energies at approximately the lower limit of the range evaluated in this study would be expected to result in a 1.2 °C temperature increase and therefore does not present a safety hazard to the iris.
Síntesis y caracterización de los derivados N-carbamoilo e hidantoina de la L-prolina (2015)

En este trabajo se presenta la síntesis de los compuestos: ácido (2S)-1-carbamoil pirrolidín-2-carboxílico (N-carbamoil-L-prolina) y (S)-tetrahidro-pirrol-[1,2-c]-imidazol-1,3-diona (hidantoin-L-prolina). Estos materiales se caracterizaron por técnicas espectroscópicas de FT-IR y RMN uni y bidimensional. El estudio por difracción de rayos-X en muestras policristalinas indicó que ambos compuestos cristalizan en celdas ortorrómbicas con grupo espacial P212121 y parámetros de celda unidad a = 12.495(1), b = 9.7672(6), c = 6.4571(7), y a = 11.358(2), b = 7.992(1), c = 7.1262(6), para el N-carbamoilo y la hidantoina, respectivamente.
Serum levels of interleukin‐2 receptor and activity of rheumatic diseases characterized by immune system activation (1988)

Levels of interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R), as measured by a double-antibody "sandwich" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique, were markedly elevated in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and bacterial endocarditis, but not in patients with acute gout. Serum levels of IL-2R correlated strongly with clinical and laboratory indicators of disease activity in patients with lupus and in those with rheumatoid arthritis. This relationship was confirmed by sequential determinations in individual patients. Serum IL-2R values correlated with disease activity better than did the Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Our findings indicate that serum levels of IL-2R may serve as a reliable serologic indicator of disease activity in inflammatory diseases characterized by immune system activation.
Ordered restriction endonuclease maps of yeast artificial chromosomes created by optical mapping on surfaces. (1995)

We have developed a surface mounting technology for the rapid construction of ordered restriction maps from individual DNA molecules. Optical restriction maps constructed from yeast artificial chromosome DNA molecules mounted on specially derivatized glass surfaces are accurate and reproducible, and the technology is amenable to automation. The mounting procedures described here should also be useful for fluorescence in situ hybridization studies. We believe these improvements to optical mapping will further stimulate the development of nonelectrophoretic approaches to genome analysis.
Energy and environment (2010)

A unique and revolutionary text which explains the principles behind the LT Method (2.1), a manual design tool developed in Cambridge by the BRE. The LT Method is a unique way of estimating the combined energy usage of lighting, heating, cooling and ventilation systems, to enable the designer to make comparisons between options at an early, strategic stage.In addition,Energy and Environment in Architecture the book deals with other environmental issues such as noise, thermal comfort and natural ventilation design. A variety of case studies provide a critique of real buildings and highlight good practice. These topics include thermal comfort, noise and natural ventilation.
Design and use of a novel peracetic acid sterilizer for absolute barrier sterility testing chambers. (1989)

Increasing use is being made of absolute barrier chambers in the pharmaceutical industry for sterility testing of sterile pharmaceuticals. Since these barriers are designed to form a microbial-tight enclosure to eliminate laboratory microbial contamination derived from the operator and the environment,it is important that the method used to sterilize these barriers, product containers, and articles used within, provide a high degree of sterility assurance. A major part of incorporating absolute barriers in the sterility testing laboratory at the Upjohn Company was to design an automated sterilization system to facilitate the spraying of a liquid sterilant, e.g., peracetic acid, inside these barriers. This article focuses on general design considerations, specific details of the apparatus, and the operational steps. The sterilization efficacy of this method is also described, with particular emphasis on validation criteria and results. Finally, operational sterility testing results are discussed.