gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Genome Sequence of the Poultry Pathogen<i>Bordetella avium</i>with Those of<i>B. bronchiseptica</i>,<i>B. pertussis</i>, and<i>B. parapertussis</i>Reveals Extensive Diversity in Surface Structures Associated with Host Interaction (2006)

Bordetella avium is a pathogen of poultry and is phylogenetically distinct from Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella pertussis, and Bordetella parapertussis, which are other species in the Bordetella genus that infect mammals. In order to understand the evolutionary relatedness of Bordetella species and further the understanding of pathogenesis, we obtained the complete genome sequence of B. avium strain 197N, a pathogenic strain that has been extensively studied. With 3,732,255 base pairs of DNA and 3,417 predicted coding sequences, it has the smallest genome and gene complement of the sequenced bordetellae. In this study, the presence or absence of previously reported virulence factors from B. avium was confirmed, and the genetic bases for growth characteristics were elucidated. Over 1,100 genes present in B. avium but not in B. bronchiseptica were identified, and most were predicted to encode surface or secreted proteins that are likely to define an organism adapted to the avian rather than the mammalian respiratory tracts. These include genes coding for the synthesis of a polysaccharide capsule, hemagglutinins, a type I secretion system adjacent to two very large genes for secreted proteins, and unique genes for both lipopolysaccharide and fimbrial biogenesis. Three apparently complete prophages are also present. The BvgAS virulence regulatory system appears to have polymorphisms at a poly(C) tract that is involved in phase variation in other bordetellae. A number of putative iron-regulated outer membrane proteins were predicted from the sequence, and this regulation was confirmed experimentally for five of these.
[Application of radiographic methods in the study of periodontal changes--a bibliographic review]. (1989)

Radiographic diagnostic methods have been used in all Dentistry areas as a important complement in diagnostic. This review updates its use, limitation, advantage, disadvantage, specific in periodontal diseases after vaste bibliographic review.
Formation of Short, Stable Helices in Aqueous Solution by β-Amino Acid Hexamers (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFormation of Short, Stable Helices in Aqueous Solution by β-Amino Acid HexamersDaniel H. Appella, Joseph J. Barchi,, Stewart R. Durell, and Samuel H. GellmanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Biology Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10, 2309–2310Publication Date (Web):February 24, 1999Publication History Received13 November 1998Published online24 February 1999Published inissue 1 March 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja983918nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja983918nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views885Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Conformation,Crystal structure,Oligomers,Peptides and proteins,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
A methodology for constructing expert systems (1985)

Abstract Construction of Expert Systems has so far been seen as a craft or an art, not a science. This paper attempts to improve this situation by deducing some aspects of a methodology for constructing Expert Systems from a model of an expert's expertise. It suggests that the traditional methods, based on extracting problem‐solving rules from an expert and encoding them directly into a suitable knowledge representation have certain disadvantages, while attempting to extract a causal model from the expert overcomes many of these. The simple Plausible Inference Expert System shell, of which several are now commercially available, is often very suited to the construction of causal models, and some practical issues concerning the construction of causal models are discussed. The suggested methodology has been found to work in several Expert System projects in I.C.I., though it is still being developed in the light of experience. In particular, the importance of the top‐down design of an Expert System is stressed, though it is not yet based on theoretical considerations.
Cooperating gene mutations in childhood acute myeloid leukemia with special reference on mutations of ASXL1, TET2, IDH1, IDH2, and DNMT3A (2013)

Gene mutations involving epigenetic regulators recently have been described in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Similar studies are limited in children. We analyzed gene mutations and cooperation in pediatric AML with special reference on mutated epigenetic regulators. Nineteen gene mutations, including 8 class I genes, 4 class II genes, WT1 and TP53 (class III), and 5 epigenetic regulator genes (class IV), were analyzed in 206 children with de novo AML. Mutational analysis was performed with polymerase chain reaction-based assay followed by direct sequencing. One hundred seventeen of 206 patients (56.8%) had at least one mutation: 51% class I, 13% class II, 6.8% class III, and 5.6% class IV. FLT3-internal tandem duplication was most frequent, and 29% of patients had more than one gene mutation. Two patients carried ASXL1 mutations, both with t(8;21), 2 had DNMT3A mutations, 2 had IDH1 mutations, 1 had IDH2 mutation, and 3 had TET2 mutations. Both patients with IDH1 mutations had AML-M0 subtype and MLL-partial tandem duplication. Cooperating mutations with mutated epigenetic regulators were observed in 8 of 10 patients. We conclude that mutated epigenetic regulators were much less than those in adult AML but with frequent cooperating mutations. ASXL1, TET2, and IDH1 mutations were associated with specific genetic subtypes.
Ball lightning explained as a stable plasma toroid (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. Describes spinning plasma toroids that are created using high power electric arcs similar to lightning bolts. The spinning toroids are observed to be stable in atmosphere with no confining magnetic fields. Spinning toroids have the appearance of spheres, or balls, and create bright light through collisions with neutrals in the atmosphere. The spinning toroids are observed to last for more than 200 milliseconds in partial atmosphere. The paper describes the initiation apparatus and parameters. An explanation for the plasma toroid is presented that it is a hollow toroid of electrons where all the electrons travel in parallel paths orthogonal to the toroid circumference and reside in a thin outer shell of the toroid. The electron motion creates a current in the surface that in turn creates an internal magnetic field. Equations are presented detailing the initiation of the plasma toroid, and detailing the plasma toroid itself. The stability condition for the plasma toroid has been identified that explains how the plasma toroid remains stable in atmosphere. The observations of the plasma toroids match computer simulations of spinning toroids with constant luminosity. The spinning plasma toroid has the appearance of ball lightning in observations and in computer simulations. The plasma toroid explains how a plasma ring can be stable in atmosphere with no external magnetic fields, and how it can contain many electrons with high energy. Ball lightning is often reported as a ring current, in toroid shape, and since a spinning ring appears as a sphere or ball, the spinning plasma toroid provides an explanation for ball lightning. The technology of the stable plasma toroid has potential for new applications in propulsion, energy generation, and energy storage.
Defining ‘full‐length’ recombinant factor VIII: a comparative structural analysis (2006)

Coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is an important glycoprotein co-factor involved in haemostasis, functioning to accelerate activation of factor X by activated factor IX. Insertion of expression vectors containing the full-length cDNA sequence of human FVIII into mammalian cell lines results in the production of recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII), typically referred to as 'full-length' rFVIII (FLrFVIII). Both FLrFVIII and plasma-derived FVIII exist primarily as heterodimeric proteins, consisting of a heterogenous light and heavy chain. The objectives of this study were to compare the structural heterogeneity of high-purity FVIII preparations and further define the term 'full length' as it refers to rFVIII protein structure. Five commercially available FVIII concentrates were characterized based on SDS-PAGE, N-terminal sequencing, and peptide and domain mapping coupled to mass spectrometry. The major heavy chain species identified in FLrFVIII included various B-domain-truncated forms of FVIII, with the predominant species terminating at Arg(1313). This study demonstrates that the use of full-sequence FVIII cDNA for the production of rFVIII does not result in a homogeneous FLrFVIII protein product. Rather, commercially available FLrFVIII represents a heterogenous mixture of various B-domain-truncated forms of the molecule, with no evidence of a contiguous, intact B-domain.
Analysis of Co-emergence Process on the Human-Robot Cooperation for Walk-support (2002)

Humans are able to generate various kinds of cooperative behaviors simultaneously with mutual adaptation. The purpose of this study is to propose new concept of the human-robot cooperation by regarding the process of ‘Co-emergence’ observed characteristically at the human-human cooperation as ideal. Especially, in this paper, we analyzed the dynamics of Co-emergence, which characterized that cooperation, by measuring the cooperative walk between human and walk-support robot ‘Walk-Mate’ equipped with Co-emergence model. As the results, it was clarified that the temporal development of the dynamics of human's walking was similar to of the robot's walking at the cooperation them. At the robot side, the emergent process as the process of mutual constraint between the body model and the internal model that were the components of Co-emergence model was observed. Correspondingly at the human side, such process was observed between the step of foots and the swing of arms. In addition, it was clarified that both these processes were cyclic and developed synchronically between them. Thus these results suggested that these cyclic processes were developing with adapting their own dynamics mutually, and the validity of Co-emergence model.
A novel Intelligent Power Module (IPM) in a compact transfer Mold package with New High Voltage Integrated Circuit (HVIC) and integrated bootstrap diodes (2010)

Transfer Mold IPM employs a novel insulated thermal sheet technology and Full-Gate CSTBT™ ranging from 5A to 15A with blocking voltage of 600V. The complete protection functions and the novel HVIC and bootstrap diode being integrated into the package structure create a state-of-the-art IPM which can be evaluated easily by the described evaluation platform.
Inhibition of Transcription at a Coding Sequence by Alkylating Polyamide (2003)

Transcription from DNA sequence-specifically alkylated by a hairpin polyamide (ImPyPy-gamma-ImPyLDu86, 1) was investigated. High-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that conjugate 1 alkylated a 993-bp DNA fragment, in accordance with the Py-Im recognition rule, predominantly at the one match site on the GFP-encoding strand and at four sites (I'-IV') on the noncoding strand. Alkylation of DNA inhibited the formation of full-length mRNA and caused the transcription of truncated mRNA. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the length of the truncated mRNA was consistent with the alkylated site on the coding strand. Complete inhibition of full-length mRNA synthesis was observed in the presence of 50 nM 1. In clear contrast, the hydrolyzed derivative of 1, designated 2, produced no truncated mRNA, nor did it significantly retard transcription: >80% transcription of full-length mRNA was observed at 50 nM. These results clearly indicate that inhibition of transcription can be achieved with alkylating Py-Im polyamide even in the coding regions of genes.
Comparison of Modeling and Experimental Results of Modified Pt-Based PEMFC Cathode- Catalysts (2002)

Pt-based binary and ternary alloy catalysts were investigated by modeling methods and experimentally. The lattice parameters of Pt, Pt3Cr, Pt3Co, Pt3Ir, Pt2CoCr, Pt2CoIr, Pt2Cr2 and Pt2Co2 were determined by molecular modeling methods. According to the optimized structures, the most typical crystal faces were generated. In order to get a good description of sterical and electrostatic factors of material surfaces, reconstruction of surface atoms was taken into account. It was shown that the alloying of Pt with base metals affect surface charge densities, which enables steering of surface reactions into desired positions on the catalyst surface. Both commercial (E-TEK) and laboratory-made catalyst powders and inks based on Pt:Co/C and Pt:Co:Cr/C were characterized voltammetrically. The active Pt surface area increased after activating the catalyst. This can most likely be attributed to the dissolving of Co and Cr from the alloys. All laboratory-made catalysts were also characterized by XRD, TEM and STEM/EDS.
A calorimetric bioassay of diterpenoids from Chilean medicinal plants against Streptococcus mutans (1998)

The activities of three diterpenoids isolated from Chilean medicinal plants, kaurenoic, 18-acetoxy-cis-cleroda-3, 13-Z-dien-15-oic-acid-and salvic acid, have been quantitatively evaluated against Streptococous mutans by means of a microcalorimetric technique. Salvic acid exhibited a reasonable antibacterial activity, comparable with that of control iodine.
Interactive body part contrast mining for human interaction recognition (2014)

The recognition of multi-person interactions still remains a challenge because of the mutual occlusion and redundant poses. We propose an interactive body part contrast mining method based on joints for human interaction recognition. To efficiently describe interactions, we propose an interactive body part model which connects the interactive limbs of different participants to represent the relationship of interactive body parts. Then we calculate the spatial-temporal joint features for 8 interactive limb pairs in a short frame set for motion description (poselets). Employing contrast mining, we determine the essential interactive pairs and poselets for each interaction class to delete the redundant action information, and use these poselets to generate a poselet dictionary for interaction representation following bag-of-words. SVM with RBF kernel is adopted for recognition. We evaluate the proposed algorithm on two databases, the SBU interaction database and a newly collected RGBD-skeleton interaction database. Experiment results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The recognition accuracy reaches 85.4% on our interaction database, and 86.8% on SBU interaction database, 6% higher than the method in [1].
The Incisor Absent Rat: An Animal Model for the Study of Otosclerosis (1990)

The incisor absent (ia) rat is introduced as an animal model for the study of otosclerosis. Previous animal models have failed to accurately reflect the dynamic nature of this disease. Auditory brainstem response testing suggested a conductive hearing loss in the incisor absent rat as compared to age-matched normal controls. The hearing loss, which was manifested during puberty, was progressive in nature up to 18 weeks of age. Microscopic dissection of the middle ear revealed bony abnormalities of the ossicles and oval window in the incisor absent rat. Scanning electron microscopy of the ossicles demonstrated bony lesions at the incudostapedial joint and stapes footplate. Histologic examination demonstrated thickened spongiotic bone involving the otic capsule and ossicles. The incisor absent rat model possesses an inheritable defect of the otic capsule and ossicles that results in a progressive conductive hearing loss. The genetically transmitted lesion appears histologically similar to otospongiosis. The bony pathology in the incisor absent rat is caused by defective osteoclasts and transplantation of bone marrow cells from normal rats to the incisor absent rats corrects the cellular abnormality. The incisor absent rat may represent the best animal model to date for the study of otosclerosis, its cause, and clinical treatment.
Substituent Effects on the Thermodynamic Stability of Imines Formed from Glycine and Aromatic Aldehydes: Implications for the Catalytic Activity of Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (2009)

Equilibrium constants for addition of glycine to substituted benzaldehydes to form the corresponding imines and pK(a)'s for ionization of the iminium ions were determined by (1)H NMR analysis in D(2)O. The introduction of a phenoxide anion substituent into the aromatic ring of benzaldehyde leads to a substantial increase in the pK(a) of the iminium ion from 6.3 to 10.2 for p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and to 12.1 for salicylaldehyde. An analysis of the differential effect of ortho- versus para-substitution shows that the iminium ion to salicylaldehyde is stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond in aqueous solution, with an estimated energy ca. 3 kcal/mol larger than can be accounted for by a simple electrostatic interaction. A comparison of the o-O(-) substituent effect on the acidity of the iminium ions of glycine to benzaldehyde and 4-pyridine-carboxaldehyde provides evidence for the existence of an internal hydrogen bond of similar strength in pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) iminium ions in water. The effects of other ring substituents on the stability of PLP iminium ions are discussed.
Human Microvascular Endothelial Cell Toxicity Caused by Brazilian PurpuricFever-Associated Strains of Haemophilus influenzae Biogroup Aegyptius (1994)

An in vitro cytotoxicity model that uses an immortalized human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) differentiates Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF)-associated Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (HAE) strains from non-BPF-associated HAE strains. Toxic strains produced a characteristic HMEC-1 phenotype at an MOI of < 1 bacterium/1000 tissue culture cells (TCC). Nontoxic strains required MOIs of > 1000 bacteria/TCC to produce an observable effect. The cytotoxic phenotype was characterized by the presence of large clumps of HMEC-1 cells, which detached from the monolayer within 48 h of inoculation by HAE cells. The cytotoxic phenotype was observed with 100% of BPF-associated HAE (40/40) and 14% of non-BPF-associated HAE (8/57; P < .001). The ability to study a BPF-associated phenotype in vitro using human microvascular cells should enhance our knowledge of BPF pathogenesis.
What security features and crime prevention advice is communicated in consumer IoT device manuals and support pages? (2019)

Through the enhanced connectivity of physical devices, the Internet of Things (IoT) brings improved efficiency to the lives of consumers when on-the-go and in the home. However, it also introduces new potential security threats and risks. These include threats that range from the direct hacking of devices that could undermine the security, privacy and safety of its users, to the enslaving of IoT devices to commit cybercrime at scale, such as Denial of Service attacks. The IoT is recognized as being widely insecure, in large part, due to the lack of security features built into devices. Additionally, consumers do not always actively use security features when available. More disconcerting is that we lack market surveillance on whether manufacturers ship products with good security features or how the importance of user-controlled security features is explained to IoT users. Our study seeks to address this gap. To do this, we compiled a database of 270 consumer IoT devices produced by 220 different manufacturers on sale at the time of the study. The user manuals and associated support pages for these devices were then analysed to provide a ‘consumer eye’ view of the security features they provide and the cyber hygiene advice that is communicated to users. The security features identified were then mapped to the UK Government’s Secure by Design Code of Practice for IoT devices to examine the extent to which devices currently on the market appear to conform to it. Our findings suggest that manufacturers provide too little publicly available information about the security features of their devices, which makes market surveillance challenging and provides consumers with little information about the security of devices prior to their purchase. On average, there was discussion of around four security features, with account management and software updates being the most frequently mentioned. Advice to consumers on cyber hygiene was rarely provided. Finally, we found a lack of standardization in the communication of security-related information for IoT devices among our sample. We argue for government intervention in this space to provide assurances around device security, whether this is provided in a centralized or decentralized manner.
Minimising generation of acid whey during Greek yoghurt manufacturing (2017)

Greek yoghurt, a popular dairy product, generates large amounts of acid whey as a by-product during manufacturing. Post-processing treatment of this stream presents one of the main concerns for the industry. The objective of this study was to manipulate initial milk total solids content (15, 20 or 23 g/100 g) by addition of milk protein concentrate, thus reducing whey expulsion. Such an adjustment was investigated from the technological standpoint including starter culture performance, chemical and physical properties of manufactured Greek yoghurt and generated acid whey. A comparison was made to commercially available products. Increasing protein content in regular yoghurt reduced the amount of acid whey during whey draining. This protein fortification also enhanced the Lb. bulgaricus growth rate and proteolytic activity. Best structural properties including higher gel strength and lower syneresis were observed in the Greek yoghurt produced with 20 g/100 g initial milk total solid compared to manufactured or commercially available products, while acid whey generation was lowered due to lower drainage requirement.
The British Empiricists (1972)

How the British Empiricist philosophers conceived the problem of universals is clearly brought out by the following words of Locke: "Since all things that exist are merely particulars, how come we by general terms?"1 For Locke, as for his successors Berkeley and Hume, the problem is to explain the use of general terms in a manner compatible with there being nothing in the world but particulars.