gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-fast bright field and fluorescence imaging of the dynamics of micrometer-sized objects (2013)

High speed imaging has application in a wide area of industry and scientific research. In medical research, high speed imaging has the potential to reveal insight into mechanisms of action of various therapeutic interventions. Examples include ultrasound assisted thrombolysis, drug delivery, and gene therapy. Visual observation of the ultrasound, microbubble, and biological cell interaction may help the understanding of the dynamic behavior of microbubbles and may eventually lead to better design of such delivery systems. We present the development of a high speed bright field and fluorescence imaging system that incorporates external mechanical waves such as ultrasound. Through collaborative design and contract manufacturing, a high speed imaging system has been successfully developed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. We named the system "UPMC Cam," to refer to the integrated imaging system that includes the multi-frame camera and its unique software control, the customized modular microscope, the customized laser delivery system, its auxiliary ultrasound generator, and the combined ultrasound and optical imaging chamber for in vitro and in vivo observations. This system is capable of imaging microscopic bright field and fluorescence movies at 25 × 10(6) frames per second for 128 frames, with a frame size of 920 × 616 pixels. Example images of microbubble under ultrasound are shown to demonstrate the potential application of the system.
Lipid Peroxidation and the Reactions of Superoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide in Mouse Spermatozoa (1984)

Mouse spermatozoa released from the cauda epididymidis underwent spontaneous lipid peroxidation during aerobic incubation at 37 degrees C in medium containing 113 mM NaCl, 0.4 mM EDTA, and 15 mM sodium phosphate ( NTPC ). The rate of lipid peroxidation, as measured by malonaldehyde production, was 0.045 nmol malonaldehyde/h per 10(3) cells. The motility of these cells declined with time in medium NTPC ; the percent spermatozoa showing no motility increased linearly with production of malonaldehyde. All flagellar activity stopped at 0.80 nmol malonaldehyde/10(8) cells, independent of the malonaldehyde production rate. Spermatozoa suspended in NTPC at 24 degrees C produced O(2), with an intrinsic rate of 1.96 nmol/min per 10(8) cells; this increased to 3.80 nmol/min per 10(8) cells in 10 mM cyanide. Mouse sperm contain 3.5 U/10(8) cells of superoxide dismutase activity, 91% of which is sensitive, and 9% of which is insensitive, to cyanide inhibition. Mouse sperm also produce H2O2, all of which can be attributed to the action of superoxide dismutase on O(2) produced. Mouse sperm contain high levels of glutathione and of glutathione reductase and peroxidase activities, implicating the glutathione system as the major protective enzyme system against cell damage by autoxidation. This is in contrast to rabbit spermatozoa, which have little endogenous glutathione and rely on superoxide dismutase as protective enzyme against peroxidative damage.
Introduction (2011)

This is a book about the history of Portuguese Jews in an overseas diaspora. In a sense it is a chapter of the historical narrative of Portuguese discoveries and expansion, and of the rivalry with other European countries. It certainly is part of the long history of Sephardic attempts to survive and adjust to adverse conditions, at a moment when they were compelled to seek a life of safety in lands distant from the Iberian Peninsula. But it is, as well, a chapter of the history of West Africa. Together with both Jewish and Christian Portuguese, African societies opened coastal and riverine paths to an Atlantic world in construction since the fifteenth century. In doing so they shared responsibility for the impact of their local and regional histories throughout a wider, even a global world. In many ways, African and Eurafrican agency made possible the complex intercultural relationships that constitute the subject of this book. As historians we seek answers to this apparently simple query: How was it possible for Portuguese to engage in trade and also to be Jews in an African setting?
Veterans Affairs Initiative to Prevent Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Infections (2011)

A program of universal surveillance, contact precautions, hand hygiene, and institutional culture change was associated with a decrease in health care-associated transmissions of and infections with MRSA in a large health care system.
Antimicrobial Treatment of Polymeric Medical Devices by Silver Nanomaterials and Related Technology (2017)

Antimicrobial biocompatible polymers form a group of highly desirable materials in medicinal technology that exhibit interesting thermal and mechanical properties, and high chemical resistance. There are numerous types of polymers with antimicrobial activity or antimicrobial properties conferred through their proper modification. In this review, we focus on the second type of polymers, especially those whose antimicrobial activity is conferred by nanotechnology. Nanotechnology processing is a developing area that exploits the antibacterial effects of broad-scale compounds, both organic and inorganic, to form value-added medical devices. This work gives an overview of nanostructured antimicrobial agents, especially silver ones, used together with biocompatible polymers as effective antimicrobial composites in healthcare. The bactericidal properties of non-conventional antimicrobial agents are compared with those of conventional ones and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Native Plant and Microbial Contributions to a Negative Plant-Plant Interaction (2009)

A number of hypotheses have been suggested to explain why invasive exotic plants dramatically increase their abundance upon transport to a new range. The novel weapons hypothesis argues that phytotoxins secreted by roots of an exotic plant are more effective against naïve resident competitors in the range being invaded. The common reed Phragmites australis has a diverse population structure including invasive populations that are noxious weeds in North America. P. australis exudes the common phenolic gallic acid, which restricts the growth of native plants. However, the pathway for free gallic acid production in soils colonized by P. australis requires further elucidation. Here, we show that exotic, invasive P. australis contain elevated levels of polymeric gallotannin relative to native, noninvasive P. australis. We hypothesized that polymeric gallotannin can be attacked by tannase, an enzymatic activity produced by native plant and microbial community members, to release gallic acid in the rhizosphere and exacerbate the noxiousness of P. australis. Native plants and microbes were found to produce high levels of tannase while invasive P. australis produced very little tannase. These results suggest that both invasive and native species participate in signaling events that initiate the execution of allelopathy potentially linking native plant and microbial biochemistry to the invasive traits of an exotic species.
Binding properties of a highly potent and selective iodinated aminopeptidase N inhibitor appropriate for radioautography (2000)

Aminopeptidase N (APN) is a zinc metallopeptidase involved in the inactivation of biologically active peptides. The knowledge of its precise distribution is crucial to investigate its physiological role. This requires the use of appropriate probes such as the recently developed highly potent and selective radiolabeled APN inhibitor 2(S)-benzyl-3-[hydroxy(1'(R)-aminoethyl)phosphinyl]propanoyl-L-3-[ (12 5)I]iodotyrosine ([(125)I]RB 129). Its binding properties were investigated using rat brain homogenates (K(d)=3.4 nM) or APN expressed in COS-7 cells (K(d)=0.9 nM). The specific binding was 95% at [K(d)], and preliminary autoradiography in intestine is promising. The decreased affinity of [(125)I]RB 129 (=10(-6) M) for the E(350)D APN mutant, supports the critical role of E(350) in the amino-exopeptidase action of APN.
Pharmacophore modeling: advances, limitations, and current utility in drug discovery (2014)

Abstract: Pharmacophore modeling is a successful yet very diverse subfield of computer-aided drug design. The concept of the pharmacophore has been widely applied to the rational design of novel drugs. In this paper, we review the computational implementation of this concept and its common usage in the drug discovery process. Pharmacophores can be used to represent and identify molecules on a 2D or 3D level by schematically depicting the key elements of molecular recognition. The most common application of pharmacophores is virtual screening, and different strategies are possible depending on the prior knowledge. However, the pharmacophore concept is also useful for ADME-tox modeling, side effect, and off-target prediction as well as target identification. Furthermore, pharmacophores are often combined with molecular docking simulations to improve virtual screening. We conclude this review by summarizing the new areas where significant progress may be expected through the application of pharmacophore modeling; these include protein–protein interaction inhibitors and protein design. Keywords: ADME-tox, computer-aided drug design, pharmacophore fingerprint, protein design, virtual screening
Oscillatory excitation of unsteady compressible flows over airfoils at flight Reynolds numbers (1999)

An experimental investigation, aimed at delaying flow separation due to the occurrence of a shock-wave-boundary-layer interaction, is reported. The experiment was performed using a NACA 0012 airfoil and a NACA 0015 airfoil at high Reynolds number incompressible and compressible flow conditions. The effects of Mach and Reynolds numbers were identified, using the capabilities of the cryogenic-pressurized facility to maintain one parameter fixed and change the other. Significant Reynolds number effects were identified in the baseline compressible flow conditions even at Reynolds number of 10 and 20 million. The main objectives of the experiment were to study the effects of periodic excitation on airfoil drag-divergence and to alleviate the severe unsteadiness associated with shock-induced separation (known as buffeting). Zero-mass-flux oscillatory blowing was introduced through a downstream directed slot located at 10% chord on the upper surface of the NACA 0015 airfoil. The effective frequencies generated 2-4 vortices over the separated region, regardless of the Mach number. Even though the excitation was introduced upstream of the shock-wave, due to experimental limitations, it had pronounced effects downstream of it. Wake deficit (associated with drag) and unsteadiness (associated with buffeting) were significantly reduced. The spectral content of the wake pressure fluctuations indicates of steadier flow throughout the frequency range when excitation was applied. This is especially important at low frequencies which are more likely to interact with the airframe.
Multiple view image rectification (2011)

This paper presents an extension of image rectification methods for an arbitrary number of views with aligned camera center. This technique can be used for stereoscopic rendering to enhance the perception comfort or for depth from stereo. In this paper, we first expose that epipolar geometry is not suited to solve this problem. Then we propose a non linear method that includes all the images in the rectification process. Our method only requires point correspondences between the views and can handle images with different resolutions. The tests show that the method is robust to noise and and to sparse point correspondences among the views.
General Anesthesia, Sleep, and Coma (2010)

This review discusses the clinical and neurophysiological features of general anesthesia and their relationships to sleep and coma, focusing on the neural mechanisms of unconsciousness induced by selected intravenous anesthetic drugs.
Cloning and expression of the gene for hydroxypyruvate reductase (<scp>d</scp>‐glycerate dehydrogenase from an obligate methylotroph <i>Hyphomicrobium methylovorum</i> GM2 (1994)

The gene encoding hydroxypyruvate reductase, catalyzing the asymmetric reduction of hydroxypyruvate to D-glycerate, and its flanking regions were isolated from a methylotrophic bacterium, Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2. Nucleotide sequencing of the recombinant plasmids revealed that the hydroxypyruvate-reductase gene codes for the 322-amino-acid protein with calculated molecular mass 35,726 Da. The sequence was confirmed by sequencing the intact enzyme and peptides obtained by digestion of the enzyme with Achromobacter proteinase I. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme showed similarity to members of the D-isomer-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. The recombinant plasmid, which was constructed by ligation of the cloned gene and an expression vector pKK223-3, was introduced into Escherichia coli HB101. The recombinant enzyme purified from the transformed E. coli cells was indistinguishable from the enzyme isolated from H. methylovorum GM2 by immunological and enzymological analyses.
Equalization-Enhanced Phase Noise for 100Gb/s transmission with coherent detection (2009)

We study the impact of equalization-enhanced phase noise (EEPN) for 100 Gb/s coherent systems using electronic dispersion compensation through simulations. Power penalties are compared with theoretical predictions and the effects of transmitter phase noise are investigated.
Targeting Heme Oxygenase-1 for Neuroprotection and Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2010)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme degrading heme to carbon monoxide, free iron, and biliverdin, participates in the cell defence against oxidative stress and it has been speculated that it might be a new therapeutic target for neuroprotection. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the regulation of the HO-1 gene, Hmox1, in the brain with particular focus on the transcription factors Nrf2 and HIF-1. Functional polymorphisms in Hmox1 have been associated with high risk for Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease. Hence, we review the current knowledge on the role of HO-1 and its enzymatic products on these two pathologies as well as ischemic brain injury. HO-1 modulates the inflammatory response in several scenarios, and therefore we discuss its role in modulation of the innate immune cell of the brain, microglia. From the therapeutic side, the blood brain barrier represents an obstacle to directly modulate heme oxygenase activity, but drugs activating the transcription actor Nrf2, which have a very diverse molecular structure, may be good candidates to induce HO-1 in concert with other antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. A more complete understanding on the mechanisms regulating HO-1 expression in brain cells and how these mechanisms are involved in neuropathological changes will be essential to develop these new therapeutic approaches. Keywords: Heme oxygenase-1, oxidative stress, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, inflammation, immunomodulation, carbon monoxide, free iron, biliverdin, neuroprotection, HO-1 gene, Hmox1, polymorphisms, ischemic brain injury, blood brain barrier, microglia, antioxidant, detoxification enzymes, neuropathological changes, inflammation immunomodulation, central nervous system (CNS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), bilirubin, arteriosclerotic lesions, ferroxidase, neurodegenerative diseases, redox homeostasis, neuroinflammation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), heat shock protein, astrocytes, cerebroprotective, erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), antioxidant-response element (ARE), hypoxia-response element (HRE), hydroxylases (PHDs), ubiquitin-proteaseome, iron chelators, 2-OG analogues (DMOG), neuroprotective effect, hypoxia responsive element (HRE), dimethyloxaloylglycine, dopaminergic nigrostriatal injury, guanylyl cyclase, cyclic GMP, noradrenergic neurons, cholinergic neurotransmission, circadian rhythms, hypothalamus, muscarinic receptors, metalloporphirins, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), carbon-monoxide, –, releasing molecules (CORM-2, kernicterus, a-tocopherol, anatomopathological features, dopaminergic neurons, a-synuclein aggregates, bradykinesia, akinesia, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), senile plaques, Amyloid precursor protein (APP), excitotoxic neurotransmitter (glutamate), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), Larrea tridentate
An evaluation of 99mTc-labeled hepatobiliary agents. (1977)

Scintigraphic imaging of the hepatobiliary system has been significantly improved with the development of 99mTc-labeled compounds. Two of the most promising agents, pyridoxylideneglutamate and HIDA, each formed the basis for the development of a group of structural analogs. Condensation of pyridoxal with leucine and arginine (in place of glutamate) produced pyridoxylideneleucine and pyridoxylidenearginine. Since increasing the molecular weight and the lipid solubility of compounds tends to enhance their biliary excretion, several new IDA derivatives were synthesized by altering the lipophilic substituents on the ring of HIDA. The substitutions included ethyl and ethoxy groups as well as iodine. All compounds were compared with 131I-rose bengal using a baboon model that allowed blood, bile, and urine collection.
In vivo measurement of ADC change due to intravascular susceptibility variation (1999)

The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of extravascular tissue water in rat brains was measured in response to step-wise injections of the superparamagnetic intravascular contrast agent AMI-227. These data were normalized and compared with measured changes in R2* and blood magnetic susceptibility. Linear regression showed that ADC changes 33%/ppm shift of intravascular susceptibility and 0.43% s(-1) change in R2*. These changes correspond to a predicted ADC change of approximately 6% for a change between fully oxygenated and fully deoxygenated blood. The source of these ADC changes was confirmed to be background gradients within the sample by the use of diffusion weighting with bipolar gradients of odd symmetry designed to cancel such background gradient effects on ADC. The results suggest that diffusion-weighted imaging is sensitive to blood-oxygenation and may provide a means of measuring changes in blood oxygen. They also provide estimates of the potential contribution of susceptibility changes to changes in ADC that occur, for example, in stroke and seizure.
Implementation of Detection System for Drowsy Driving Prevention Using Image Recognition and IoT (2020)

In recent years, the casualties of traffic accidents caused by driving cars have been gradually increasing. In particular, there are more serious injuries and deaths than minor injuries, and the damage due to major accidents is increasing. In particular, heavy cargo trucks and high-speed bus accidents that occur during driving in the middle of the night have emerged as serious social problems. Therefore, in this study, a drowsiness prevention system was developed to prevent large-scale disasters caused by traffic accidents. In this study, machine learning was applied to predict drowsiness and improve drowsiness prediction using facial recognition technology and eye-blink recognition technology. Additionally, a CO2 sensor chip was used to detect additional drowsiness. Speech recognition technology can also be used to apply Speech to Text (STT), allowing a driver to request their desired music or make a call to avoid drowsiness while driving.
Emerging infectious disease agents and their potential threat to transfusion safety (2009)

The information is expected to support the needs of clinicians and transfusion medicine experts in the recognition and management of emerging infections among blood donors and blood recipients.
Combined solvent extraction and stripping for removal and isolation of ammonia from sour waters (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCombined solvent extraction and stripping for removal and isolation of ammonia from sour watersPatricia D. Mackenzie and C. Judson KingCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1985, 24, 4, 1192–1200Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200031a050https://doi.org/10.1021/i200031a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views298Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Combination Effect of L-Arginine and NaCl on Bitterness Suppression of Amino Acid Solutions (2004)

The purpose of the present study was to quantify the degree of suppression of the bitterness of two amino acids (L-isoleucine (L-Ile), and L-phenylalanine (L-Phe)) which could be achieved by the addition of various test chemicals, and to examine the mechanism of this bitterness suppression. The test chemicals used were two sweeteners (sucrose, aspartame), NaCl, various acidic (L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid), or basic (L-histidine, L-lysine and L-arginine) amino acids, tannic acid and phosphatidic acid. The combination of L-arginine (L-Arg) and NaCl together was the most effective in reducing the bitterness of 100 mM L-Ile and L-Phe solutions in human gustatory sensation tests. Even in bitterness of 0.1 mM quinine solution, L-Arg was also successful in reducing the bitterness. This bitterness-suppression effect was specific to L-Arg and not to the other basic amino acids. No comparable taste-masking effect was observed for the acidic amino acids. The artificial taste sensor failed to predict completely the bitterness-suppressing effect of L-Arg. It seems likely that the bitterness-suppressing effect of L-Arg is mediated not only by binding at the receptor site, but also elsewhere in the process of bitterness perception, such as a direct effect on the sodium channel. It is conjectured that the guanidinium group of L-Arg may interact with sodium channels in taste bud membranes.