gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FLEXIBLE DIGITAL-INTENSIVE WIRELESS RECEIVERS IN NANOMETER CMOS (2012)

Wireless receivers designed in nanometer CMOS processes should take advantage of the strengths of more fundamentally digital topologies and intelligent digital control of analog circuitry. As congestion in the radio spectrum increases, receivers would also benefit from low-power, intelligent filters for interference rejection. Such filters would enable wireless devices on a limited power budget to efficiently share limited spectral resources. Analog discrete-time (DT) filters together with digital control show promise because the capacitors and switches that these filters consist of benefit from device scaling and because easily configurable digital sampling clocks determine their frequency responses. This work introduces wireless receivers in 65nm CMOS that demonstrate the capabilities of analog DT filters coupled with intelligent digital control. The first receiver replaces conventional filtering stages with a SAR ADC that embeds a highly-integrated DT FIR/IIR filter with programmable FIR tap length and coefficients. Interleaving of the SAR and DT filter sampling processes in this ADC maximizes the conversion rate and facilitates IIR filtering. The prototype receiver supports several standards and bands and exceeds the sensitivity and jammer resistance requirements of both the 915MHz and 2450MHz bands of IEEE 802.15.4, while consuming 4.0mW and 5.5mW, respectively. The second receiver introduces intelligent spectrum-adaptive (SA) filtering. The SA filter performs spectrum-sensing in an auxiliary signal path to detect interferers over a 55MHz range, and then selects the optimal filtering mode of a reconfigurable DT notch filter in the receiver’s main signal path to suppress the strongest detected interferer. The auxiliary spectrum-sensing path isolates the power of interferers using a DT spectrum-analysis bandpass filter and calculates the power contained in the filter’s output using simple DSP. A calibrated on-chip ring-oscillator drives the sampling clocks of the spectrum-analysis filter and enables accurate definition and tuning of the center frequency of its passband. In IEEE 802.15.4 2450MHz packet tests with SA filtering enabled, this receiver achieves ≥+55dB rejection of +25 to +65MHz FM interferers.
Condensation of Indirect Excitons in Coupled AlAs/GaAs Quantum Wells (1994)

The photoluminescence of excitons confined in an electric field tunable coupled AlAs/GaAs quantum well has been investigated at $T\ensuremath{\ge}350$ mK and magnetic fields $H\ensuremath{\le}14$ T. In the indirect regime where electrons and holes are separated both in real and in $k$ space, the magnetic field was found to result in (i) a strong change of both the photoluminescence intensity and decay time which is attributed to anomalies in the exciton transport and (ii) an appearance of a huge broad band noise in the photoluminescence intensity which is evidence for exciton condensation.
Bridge Collapse Detection System in Texas (2005)

The Texas Department of Transportation (DOT) installed a collapse detection system on the Queen Isabella Memorial Bridge that will detect a span collapse and warn motorists to stop. The system consists of a fiber-optic cable that carries a current under the bridge deck for the 2 1/2-mi length of the bridge. A span collapse will break the current, initiating flashing red lights to tell motorists on the bridge to stop, closing gates at each end of the bridge to keep additional cars off, and sending alarms to Texas DOT and local law enforcement to notify them of the event.
30 GHz polysilicon-emitter and single-crystal-emitter graded SiGe-base PNP transistors (2002)

The AC performance of SiGe-base PNP transistors has been limited by a valence band barrier at the base-collector junction caused by the retrograde Ge profile. A two-times improvement in f/sub T/ over previous work on SiGe-base PNPs is reported. The improvement was achieved by using a narrow base profile (W/sub B/=50 nm) and by grading the Ge across the neutral base and in the base-collector junction (the retrograde Ge profile). Similar results (f/sub T/=30 GHz) were achieved for both polysilicon emitter and single-crystal emitter PNP transistors with the same Ge retrograde profile. The position of the retrograde Ge profile in the base-collector junction was controlled by a self-aligned channeled boron implant through the SiGe base. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the peak f/sub T/ is very sensitive to the retrograde Ge position with respect to the base-collector doping profiles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel SAW filter for IF-filtering in DECT systems (2002)

We have developed an improved SAW filter for IF-filtering in DECT systems. The filter is a two track reflector filter using EWC-SPUDTs as in- and output-IDTs and reflectors in the center of each track The propagation path of the SAW is folded in order to make better use of the total chip length. A similar configuration with identical reflectors in the tracks is known in literature, however, we used different reflectors in the tracks and this way we could improve the filter performance and especially the stop band attenuation considerably. The SPUDTs are withdrawal weighted, for the reflector design we used an electrode width weighting technique. The filter fits into a very small QCC10 package (9.1/spl times/7.1/spl times/1.8 mm/sup 3/) and has high performance so that it can be used in a DECT base-station, too. The substrate is LiTaO/sub 3/, X112.2Y, the center frequency is 110.59 MHz, the minimum IL is 8 dB typically, the 3-dB-bandwidth is 1.1 MHz and the stopband attenuation is better than 40 dB.
Cellular prion protein is expressed on endothelial cells and is released during apoptosis on membrane microparticles found in human plasma (2002)

Endothelial cell apoptosis is associated with the release of PrPc-positive MPs. These MPs contribute to the PrPc pool in plasma and may have a role in disseminating TSE infectivity in blood.
Active edible films: Current state and future trends (2015)

ABSTRACT Active edible films represent one of the current and future trends in the development of new polymers for selected applications, particularly food packaging. Some biopolymers show excellent performance as carriers for active compounds extracted from natural sources and are able to be released at a controlled rate to packaged food. In this review we aim to present, in a comprehensive way, the most recent advances and updates in this subject, where much research is currently ongoing and new studies are reported very often. This review focuses on innovative biopolymer matrices, their processing to obtain edible active films, and present and future applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 42631.
Interaction of the coiled‐coil domain with glycosaminoglycans protects angiopoietin‐like 4 from proteolysis and regulates its antiangiogenic activity (2008)

Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is involved in angiogenesis and lipid metabolism. It is secreted by liver and adipose tissues and cleaved to generate circulating coiled-coil domain (CCD) and fibrinogen-like domain (FLD) fragments. The full-length ANGPTL4 produced by hypoxic endothelial cells interacts with the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM-bound and soluble forms of ANGPTL4 have antiangiogenic properties. We carried out a structure-function analysis to investigate the regulation of ANGPTL4 bioactivity in endothelial cells. We found that the recombinant CCD binds to the ECM, whereas the FLD is released into the medium. The CCD, like the full-length ANGPTL4, binds to heparan and dermatan sulfates in surface plasmon resonance assays and inhibits endothelial cell adhesion, motility, and tubule-like formation. In endothelial cells, ANGPTL4 is processed in the secretion medium after release from the ECM. This processing is altered by the proprotein convertases inhibitor alpha1-PDX and abolished by the mutation of the (161)RRKR(164) cleavage site without modification of the ECM binding and release. These data suggest that the full-length form, which interacts with heparan sulfate proteoglycans via its CCD, is protected from proteolysis by proprotein convertases and constitutes the major active pool of ANGPTL4 in hypoxic endothelial cells.
Optical camouflage using retro-reflective projection technology (2004)

This paper describes a kind of active camouflage system named optical camouflage. Optical camouflage uses the retro-reflective projection technology, a projection-based augmented-reality system composed of a projector with a small iris and a retro-reflective screen. The object that needs to be made transparent is painted or covered with retro-reflective material. Then a projector projects the background image on it making the masking object virtually transparent.
The Efficacy and Safety of Dermagraft in Improving the Healing of Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers (2003)

The data from this study show that Dermagraft is a safe and effective treatment for chronic diabetic foot ulcers.
Effect of Pumping directions on the Performance of Fiber Raman Amplifiers Bi-directionally Pumped at Multiple Wavelengths (2003)

In this paper we evaluate the influence of pumping directions on the performance of fiber Raman amplifier bidirectionally pumped at multiple wavelengths. The numerical model we used includes bidirectional interactions between all signal and pumping wavelengths induced by stimulated Raman scattering, spontaneous Raman scattering and Rayleigh backscattering. We develop an effective algorithm to numerically solve the equations and show the influence of pump direction on the amplifier‘s ASE noise, DRS noise, nonlinear distortions and OSNR.
Development of near-infrared fluorescent probes for nitric oxide and zinc ion (2007)

In fluorescence imaging studies of biological mechanisms, cyanine dyes have been employed as fluorescent labels. In particular, tricarbocyanines have the advantage that light at their emission and absorption maxima in the near-infrared (NIR) region around 650-900 nm can penetrate deeply into tissues. We successfully developed two types of cyanine dyes whose fluorescence properties change upon specific reaction with nitric oxide (NO) or zinc ion. The mechanism of fluorescence modulation of the NO probes involves photoinduced electron transfer, and the fluorescent intensity can change at the same wavelengths. We synthesized a series of amine-substituted tricarbocyanines in order to examine the correlation between the electron-donating ability of the amine and the fluorescence peak wavelength. We found that changing the electron-donating ability of the amine substituent altered the absorption and emission wavelengths. Then, we synthesized dipicolylcyanine (DIPCY), consisting of tricarbocyanine as a fluorophore and dipicolylethylenediamine as a heavy metal chelator, and investigated its response to various heavy metal ions. DIPCY can work as a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for zinc ion. This fluorescence modulation of amine-substituted tricarbocyanines should be applicable to dual-wavelength measurement of various biomolecules or enzyme activities. Thus, we have established two mechanisms for modulating the fluorescence properties of cyanines.
A Catalytic Synthesis of Thiosilanes and Silthianes:  Palladium Nanoparticle-Mediated Cross-Coupling of Silanes with Thio Phenyl and Thio Vinyl Ethers through Selective Carbon−Sulfur Bond Activation (2004)

Palladium nanoparticles generated in situ from N,N-dimethyl-acetamide (DMA) solutions of PdX(2) (X = Cl(-), OAc(-), OCOCF(3)(-)) or Pd(2)(dba)(3) by reduction with alkyl silanes R(3)SiH (R = Me, Et, i-Pr, t-Bu) are selective catalysts for the cross-coupling of the silanes R(3)SiH with phenyl and vinyl thioethers forming the corresponding thiosilanes and silthianes in high yields and under mild conditions. The method is applicable to phenyl thioglycosides, giving access to thiosilyl glycosides a new class of sugar derivatives.
Hydrogen rearrangement to and from radical z fragments in electron capture dissociation of peptides (2006)

Hydrogen rearrangement is an important process in radical chemistry. A high degree of H. rearrangement to and from z. ionic fragments (combined occurrence frequency 47% compared with that of z.) is confirmed in analysis of 15,000 tandem mass spectra of tryptic peptides obtained with electron capture dissociation (ECD), including previously unreported double H. losses. Consistent with the radical character of H. abstraction, the residue determining the formation rate of z' = z. + H. species is found to be the N-terminal residue in z. species. The size of the complementary c(m)' fragment turned out to be another important factor, with z' species dominating over z. ions for m < or = 6. The H. atom was found to be abstracted from the side chains as well as from alpha-carbon groups of residues composing the c' species, with Gln and His in the c' fragment promoting H. donation and Asp and Ala opposing it. Ab initio calculations of formation energies of .A radicals (A is an amino acid) confirmed that the main driving force for H. abstraction by z. is the process exothermicity. No valid correlation was found between the NC(alpha) bond strength and the frequency of this bond cleavage, indicating that other factors than thermochemistry are responsible for directing the site of ECD cleavage. Understanding hydrogen attachment to and loss from ECD fragments should facilitate automatic interpretation ECD mass spectra in protein identification and characterization, including de novo sequencing.
Use of an oocyte expression assay to reconstitute inductive signaling. (1995)

We have developed a paracrine signaling assay capable of mimicking inductive events in the early vertebrate embryo. RNA encoding one or more secreted proteins is microinjected into a Xenopus laevis oocyte. After a brief incubation to allow translation, a piece of embryonic tissue competent to respond to the signaling protein is grafted onto the oocyte. The secreted protein's effect on the grafted explant is then scored by assaying expression of tissue-specific markers. Explants of ectodermal tissue from blastula or gastrula stage embryos were grafted onto oocytes that had been injected with RNA encoding activin or noggin. We found that the paracrine assay faithfully reconstitutes mesoderm induction by activin and neural induction by noggin. Blastula-stage explants grafted onto activin-expressing oocytes expressed the mesodermal marker genes brachyury, goosecoid, and muscle actin. Gastrula-stage explants grafted onto noggin-expressing oocytes expressed neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and formed cement gland. By injecting pools of RNA synthesized from a cDNA expression library into the oocyte, we also used the assay to screen for secreted neural-inducing proteins. We assayed 20,000 independent transformants of a library constructed from LiCl-dorsalized Xenopus laevis embryos, and we identified two cDNAs that induced neural tissue in ectodermal explants from gastrula-stage embryos. Both cDNAs encode noggin. These results suggest that the paracrine assay will be useful for the cloning of novel signaling proteins as well as for the analysis of known factors.
Relationship between mineralisable nitrogen and microbial biomass in a range of plant litters, peats, and soils of moderate to low pH (1986)

Abstract The mineralisation of nitrogen (N) under aerobic and anaerobic (waterlogged) conditions, and the microbial biomass carbon (C) content (using the substrate‐induced respiration method) were measured in a range of plant litters, peats, and soils of moderate to low pH. The anaerobic incubation method appeared to be a more reliable indicator of the mineralisable N content of these samples than the aerobic method. The latter method sometimes gave an overall net decrease of inorganic N over the incubation period. There was a positive, highly significant, linear correlation between the microbial biomass C content and the amount of N mineralised anaerobically. The relationship between the microbial biomass C and the N mineralised by aerobic incubation was also positive, but showed greater variability. Both microbial biomass C and anaerobic N measurements were sensitive to previous changes in management from indigenous forestry to exotic forestry and grassland development. This suggests that these methods may be useful in assessing long‐term fertility changes of the predominately acid forest and agricultural soils of New Zealand.
Putative <i>in silico</i> mapping of DNA sequences to livestock genome maps using SSLP flanking sequences (2003)

In this study, an in silico approach was developed to identify homologies existing between livestock microsatellite flanking sequences and GenBank nucleotide sequences. Initially, 1955 bovine, 1570 porcine and 1121 chicken microsatellites were downloaded and the flanking sequences were compared with the nr and dbEST databases of GenBank. A total of 74 bovine, 44 porcine and 37 chicken microsatellite flanking sequences passed our criteria and had at least one significant match to human genomic sequence, genes/expressed sequence tags (ESTs) or both. GenBank annotation and BLAT searches of the UCSC human genome assembly revealed that 38 bovine, 13 porcine and 17 chicken microsatellite flanking sequences were highly similar to known human genes. Map locations were available for 67 bovine, 44 porcine and 21 chicken microsatellite flanking sequences, providing useful links in the comparative maps of humans and livestock. In support of our approach, 112 alignments with both microsatellite and match mapping information were located in the expected chromosomal regions based on previously reported syntenic relationships. The development of this in silico mapping approach has significantly increased the number of genes and EST sequences anchored to the bovine, porcine and chicken genome maps and the number of links in various human-livestock comparative maps.
Temperature Dependence of the Elastic Constants of Doped Silicon (2014)

Resonators fabricated in heavily doped silicon have been noted to have a reduced frequency-temperature dependence compared with lightly doped silicon. The resonant frequency of silicon microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonators is largely governed by the material's elastic properties, which are known to depend on doping. In this paper, a suite of different types and orientations of resonators were used to extract the first- and second-order temperature dependences of the elastic constants of p-doped silicon up to 1.7e20 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , and n-doped up to 6.6e19 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . It is shown that these temperature-dependent elastic constants may be used in finite element analysis to predict the frequency-temperature dependence of similarly doped silicon resonators.
Polarization-independent tunable wavelength-selective filter using a liquid crystal (1991)

The authors demonstrate a polarization-independent liquid crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer. An input light beam was split into two orthogonal polarized beams by a polarization beam splitter and prism and the polarization of one beam was rotated 90 degrees by a half-wave plate. These two beams were filtered through different points of the filter and recombined. Two transmission peaks corresponding to these beams usually appeared. However, there were some regions where the two beams were superimposed. At these regions, the filter had a tuning range of over 50 nm with a band pass of 0.4-0.5 nm and a low fiber-to-fiber loss of 3 dB. At the regions where two peaks appeared, the two peaks could be superimposed by applying different voltages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clustering Methodologies for Software Engineering (2012)

The size and complexity of industrial strength software systems are constantly increasing. This means that the task of managing a large software project is becoming even more challenging, especially in light of high turnover of experienced personnel. Software clustering approaches can help with the task of understanding large, complex software systems by automatically decomposing them into smaller, easier-to-manage subsystems. The main objective of this paper is to identify important research directions in the area of software clustering that require further attention in order to develop more effective and efficient clustering methodologies for software engineering. To that end, we first present the state of the art in software clustering research. We discuss the clustering methods that have received the most attention from the research community and outline their strengths and weaknesses. Our paper describes each phase of a clustering algorithm separately. We also present the most important approaches for evaluating the effectiveness of software clustering.
Phosphodiesterase 4D and 5-lipoxygenase activating protein in ischemic stroke (2005)

Risk for ischemic stroke is mediated by both environmental and genetic factors. Although several environmental exposures have been implicated, relatively little is known about the genetic basis of predisposition to this disease. Recent studies in Iceland identified risk polymorphisms in two putative candidate genes for ischemic stroke: phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) and 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP). A collection of North American sibling pairs concordant for ischemic stroke and two cohorts of prospectively ascertained North American ischemic stroke cases and control subjects were used for evaluation of PDE4D and ALOX5AP. Although no evidence supported linkage of ischemic stroke with either of the two candidate genes, single-nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypic associations were observed between PDE4D and ischemic stroke. There was no evidence of association between variants of ALOX5AP and ischemic stroke. These data suggest that common variants in PDE4D may contribute to the genetic risk for ischemic stroke in multiple populations.
The Clinical and Economic Consequences of Nosocomial Central Venous Catheter-Related Infection: Are Antimicrobial Catheters Useful? (2000)

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are essential for many hospitalized patients, but they are associated with important infectious complications. Recent studies have indicated that CVCs coated with antimicrobial agents reduce the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR BSI). To estimate the clinical and economic consequences of short-term central venous catheter-related infection and the potential usefulness of antimicrobial-coated catheters, we reviewed and synthesized the available relevant literature. Statistical pooling was used to estimate the incidence of both catheter colonization and CR BSI. The attributable mortality of CR BSI was also evaluated. In addition, the economic consequences of both local and systemic catheter-related infection was estimated from literature reports that used micro-costing and other techniques. Among patients in whom standard, noncoated CVCs are in place for an average of 8 days, 24.7% are expected to develop catheter colonization (95% confidence interval [CI(95)], 22.0%-27.5%). Approximately 5.2% (CI(95), 3.9%-6.5%) will develop CR BSI. The attributable mortality of CR BSI remains unclear, but recent studies are consistent with a range from 4% to 20%. An episode of local catheter-related infection leads to an additional cost of approximately $400, whereas the additional cost of CR BSI ranges from approximately $6,005 to $9,738. Formal economic analyses indicate that CVCs coated with antibacterial agents (such as chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine or minocycline-rifampin) likely reduce infectious complications, yielding economic advantages. In light of the substantial clinical and economic burden of catheter-related infection, hospital personnel should adopt proven cost-effective methods to reduce this common and important nosocomial complication.