gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of alginate purification methods: Effect on polyphenol, endotoxin, and protein contamination (2005)

Alginate, a polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, is widely used for the microencapsulation of islets of Langerhans, allowing their transplantation without immunosuppression. This natural polymer is known to be largely contaminated. The implantation of islets encapsulated using unpurified alginate leads to the development of fibrotic cell overgrowth around the microcapsules and normalization of the blood glucose is restricted to a very short period if it is achieved at all. Several research groups have developed their own purification method and obtained relatively good results. No comparative evaluation of the efficiencies of these methods has been published. We conducted an evaluative study of five different alginate preparations: a pharmaceutical-grade alginate in its raw state, the same alginate after purification according to three different published methods, and a commercially available purified alginate. The results showed that all purification methods reduced the amounts of known contaminants, that is, polyphenols, endotoxins, and proteins, although with varying efficiencies. Increased viscosity of alginate solutions was observed after purification of the alginates. Despite a general efficiency in decreasing contamination levels, all of the purified alginates contained relatively high residual amounts of protein contaminants. Because proteins may be immunogenic, these residual proteins may have a role in persisting microcapsule immunogenicity.
Enhanced Cytoplasmic Sequestration of the Nuclear Export Receptor CRM1 by NS2 Mutations Developed in the Host Regulates Parvovirus Fitness (2004)

To investigate whether a DNA virus can evade passive immunotherapy with a polyclonal antiserum, we analyzed the protection of a neutralizing capsid antiserum against a lethal infection of the immunosuppressive strain of the parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVMi) in 42 immunodeficient mice over a period of 200 days. A few mice were effectively protected, but most developed a delayed lethal leukopenic syndrome during the treatment or weeks afterwards. Unexpectedly, viruses isolated from treated but also from control leukopenic mice showed no amino acid changes throughout the entire capsid coding region, although the viral populations were genetically heterogeneous, mainly in the second exon of the coding sequence of the NS2 nonstructural protein. The NS2 point amino acid changes (T88A, K96E, L103P, and L153 M) that were consistently selected in several mice clustered within the nuclear exportin CRM1 binding domain, in a reading frame that did not alter the overlapping NS1 coding region. These mutations endowed emerging viruses with an increased fitness that was demonstrable by their relative resistance to the neutralizing capsid antiserum in a postentry plaque-forming assay, the rapid overgrowth of a competing wild-type (wt) population in culture, and a larger yield of infectious particles. Mutant NS2 proteins interacted with a higher affinity and sequestered CRM1 in the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm more efficiently than the wt. Correspondingly this phenomenon, as well as the following timely ordered release of the NS1 nonstructural protein and the empty capsid from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, occurred markedly earlier in the infection cycle of the mutant viruses. We hypothesize that the enhanced cytoplasmic sequestration of CRM1 by the NS2 mutations selected in mice may trigger pleiotropic effects leading to an accelerated MVMi life cycle and thus to increased fitness. These results strengthen our earlier report on the rapid evolutionary capacity of this mammalian-specific DNA virus in vivo and indicate that the NS2-CRM1 interaction is an important determinant of parvovirus virulence that can be modulated in nature, hampering the effectiveness of passive antibody therapies in the long term.
Selective oxidation of alkanes and ethers mediated by ruthenium(II) complexes (1989)

Selective hydroxylation (or ketonization) of cyclic alkanes and conversion of ethers to esters and of secondary alcohols to ketones, with significant rates (up to ca. 1 turnover per minute at room temperature), were achieved by using hypochlorite as oxidant and a choice of ruthenium(II) complexes as catalysts, in a biphastic water–dichloromethane system.
Bone formation after sinus augmentation with engineered bone (2006)

In this clinical study, the use of autologous cancellous bone grafts in sinus augmentation was more reliable than scaffolds containing cultured osteoblasts. Further tissue-engineered bone transplants should be examined to draw general conclusions about the use of tissue-engineered grafts compared with autologous bone grafts for maxillary sinus augmentation.
Voltage oscillations – an emergent property at high density pore growth (2003)

The paper addresses macroscopic voltage oscillations observed during anodic etching of pores in n-InP [1] and GaP [2]. These oscillations always occur concurrently with the modulation of pore diameters which are synchronized on large areas of the samples. The observed macroscopic voltage oscillations represent a kind of pattern formation of the system at high pore density which does not occur when the pore density is low and no interaction between pores is present. The voltage oscillations obtained at different temperatures and current densities are analyzed in time and space, including Wavelet transformations. A model of these macroscopic voltage oscillations will be presented, which is based on the basic principles of the current burst model [3] developed for Si and which can be successfully applied to III–V compounds, too.
Oligonucleotide‐directed mutagenesis of the <i>Rhizobium japonicum nifH</i> promoter (1985)

A deoxyguanosine (G) to deoxythymidine (T) transversion was introduced, by site‐specific mutagenesis, at position −25 of the nif consensus promoter sequence. It resulted in a 92% decrease of promoter activity when tested in an enterobacterial NtrA + NifA + system that was known to activate Rhizobium japonicum nitrogenase promoters. Two other mutations, in regions that were previously speculated to be of potential importance for nifH expression [(1984) Mol. Gen. Genet. 196, 35‐42; (1984) J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 2, 395‐405], were without severe effect.
Human pharmacokinetics of dihydroergotamine administered by nasal spray (1996)

Objectives A nasal spray of dihydroergotamine was developed for the treatment of migraine headaches, and pharmacokinetic studies were scheduled to evaluate the bioavailability of dihydroergotamine by this new route of administration. Methods Nine studies were performed with dihydroergotamine administered by nasal spray to evaluate the bioavailability of the nasal route versus the intramuscular route, the linearity of the kinetics, the interindividual and intraindividual variations, and the influence of different factors. Results Nasally administered dihydroergotamine (1 mg) becomes rapidly available to the systemic circulation, with peak plasma levels of 1 ng/ml achieved in 0.9 hour. The relative bioavailability versus intramuscular route is 38.4%. Dihydroergotamine administered by the nasal route exhibits linear dose proportionality (1 to 4 mg). Intraindividual variations of bioavailability evaluated for a 1-year period were higher (29%) than those found for the intramuscular route (20%) but comparable to the oral route. Interindividual variations for bioavailability were greater (25% versus 14% by the intramuscular route) but comparable to the oral route. Caffeine contained in the nasal solution (1%) had no effect on the absorption. Vasomotor phenomena, which could also affect the nasal mucosa during a migraine headache, do not modify the bioavailability. The constriction of the nasal mucosa by fenoxazoline leads to a slight decrease (−15%) in the bioavailability. The presence of acute viral rhinitis did not result in any change in dihydroergotamine nasal absorption compared with the normal state of the nasal mucosa. From a pharmacokinetic point of view, nasally administered dihydroergotamine can be given, without risk of overdose, to patients receiving long-term oral dihydroergotamine medication. Conclusion These results show the reliability and reproducibility of this route of dihydroergotamine administration adapted for the treatment of migraine headaches. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996) 60, 265–275; doi:
Gibbs energy measurements of bcc and fcc Fe–Co solid solutions in Range 1023–1473 K (1986)

Activities of iron in both the α- and γ-phases of Fe–Co alloys determined by the solid electrolyte emf technique in the temperature range 1023–1473 K are reported. Activities are found to exhibit negative deviation from Raoult's law in both phases. The extent of this deviation decreases with increasing temperature. The results are compared with those of other workers.MST/39
L-Dopa Methyl Ester—A Candidate for Chronic Systemic Delivery of L-Dopa in Parkinsonʼs Disease (1984)

Continuous intravenous infusions of L-Dopa as a treatment for response swings in Parkinson's disease are limited by the insolubility and acidity of L-Dopa. Its methyl ester is a soluble neutral derivative that might be of benefit to these patients, and is examined in the present study in behavioural and biochemical animal models. On intraperitoneal or subcutaneous administration to mice L-Dopa methyl ester was equivalent to L-Dopa in reversing reserpine-induced akinesia and producing contraversive circling behaviour in rats with a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the medial forebrain bundle. On oral administration the methyl ester was more active. The administration of L-Dopa or the methyl ester produced equivalent changes in striatal and mesolimbic dopamine, homovanillic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid metabolite levels. We suggest that systemic or subcutaneous infusion of L-Dopa methyl ester to patients who experience response fluctuations may provide a means of maintaining mobility.
Algorithms for optimizing, two-dimensional symbolic layout compaction (1988)

A set of algorithms that implement a technique called Supercompaction is described for two-dimensional compaction layouts. The algorithms minimize a one-dimensional objective function (pitch) by moving objects in the layout in two dimensions. The objective function can be monotonically reduced to a locally minimal value, greatly simplifying search. The algorithms can change the layout by simple motion of components or by automatic jog introduction. Experiments shows that: (1) the number of iterations required to reach a locally optimal layout is very small; (2) the time per iteration is competitive with other compaction techniques; (3) supercompacted layouts are smaller in pitch and area than those produced by existing one-dimensional algorithms; and (4) the results of supercompaction are more predictable than those of existing one-dimensional methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Focal Mechanisms and Seismogenic Structures of the <i>M</i><sub>s</sub>5.7 and <i>M</i><sub>s</sub>4.8 Jiujiang‐Ruichang Earthquakes of Nov.26, 2005 (2008)

Abstract Based on the records of 6 stations in Jiangxi regional seismic network and CSN, we obtained the focal mechanisms of the MS5.7 Jiujiang‐Ruichang earthquake and its MS4.8 aftershock of Nov.26, 2005 with the “Cut and Paste” (CAP) method, and analyzed the seismogenic structure by combining with relocation of the aftershock sequence and the geologic settings in the region. Our result shows that the best double couple solution of the MS5.7 event is 324°, 55° and 18° for strike, dip, and rake angles respectively, the other nodal plane is 223°, 75°, and 144°, for the M S 4.8 aftershock the solution is 54°, 71°, and –160° with the other nodal plane of 317°, 71° and –20° respectively. Complexities can be found in the aftershock and source depth distributions of the sequence. After the occurrence of the M S 5.7 main shock, aftershocks occurred and propagated from SE to NW and from shallower to deeper crust, then they probably encountered an asperity and triggered the M S 4.8 strong aftershock. This complexity and the different focal mechanisms imply that the two earthquakes may not occur on the same fault. We infer that the M S 5.7 main shock was caused by the NW striking Yangjishan‐Wushan‐Tongjiangling fault buried in Ruichang basin and the M S 4.8 aftershock occurred on the NE striking Dingjiashan‐Guilinqiao‐Wuning fault in the northwest margin of the basin.
Wound Healing A Model of Dermal Wound Repair (2003)

Wound healing in adult mammals proceeds by a series of overlapping, highly coordinated events. The sequence in dermal wound repair, which is principally analogous in other anatomical locations, starts with the arrest of hemorrhage, followed by an inflammatory response; reepithelialization of the wound; formation of granulation tissue within the wound space and finally the production of a scar (1,2).
Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and admission to hospital for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation: a record linkage case-control study (1995)

In this study topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were not significantly associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation after adjustment for the confounding effects of concomitant use of oral anti-inflammatories and ulcer healing drugs.
Particle size-density relation and cenosphere content of coal fly ash (1995)

The results are reported of detailed physical characterization of six ashes from coals representative of those burned in US power plants. Centrifugal separation was used to classify the ashes into six density categories in the range < 1.6 to > 3.2 g cm−3. The size distributions of all density classes were determined in the range 1–200 μm. For most of the density classes, log-normal functions, truncated outside the measurement limits, described the size distributions quite well. For all six ashes, the median diameter initially decreased and then increased with increasing particle density. The influence of particle structure on this large variation (up to sixfold) in size is discussed. Centrifugal separation using a liquid of density 2.2 g cm−3 was used to estimate the mass fraction of cenospheres (i.e. particles with trapped interior ‘bubbles’) in the ashes. This fraction varied from < 5 to > 95 wt%. The cenosphere content was apparently uncorrelated with coal rank but was positively correlated with the total mineral content of the coal. The median diameters of the cenospheric fractions were found to be two to three times those of the non-cenospheric (solid) fractions. The density-size data were used to determine the Fe2O3 distribution in the ashes.
Parallel Operation of Power Factor Corrected AC-DC Converter Modules With Two Power Stages (2007)

This paper presents a new control method for paralleling single-phase power factor corrected AC-DC converter modules with two power conversion stages. The control algorithm varies the number of converter modules in operation and their power sharing in accordance with the load power demand. This control method offers advantages such as tight output DC voltage regulation, very low output voltage ripple, inherent input power factor correction, flexibility to expand power capability, and high overall efficiency. The paper presents the topological composition of the AC-DC converter module. The principle of operation of the new control method is explained. Simulation results are presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed topology and control method are able to produce tight regulation and good transient response.
Relationship of vitamin E metabolism and oxidation in exercising human subjects (2006)

During endurance exercise, oxygen consumption by the skeletal muscle can increase 100-200 times. We previously found that during an ultramarathon race (50 km, forest trail through hilly terrain) compared with a day of rest, vitamin E disappeared faster (as measured using 2H-labelled alpha-tocopherol) and lipid peroxidation increased. Therefore, we hypothesized that prior supplementation with antioxidants (vitamins E and C) would decrease oxidative stress during distance running and, therefore, decrease lipid peroxidation and inflammation, decrease DNA damage, decrease muscle damage and/or improve recovery. To test these hypotheses, we carried out a randomized, double-blind study in runners (n 11 females, 11 males) who were participants in an annual ultramarathon race. We found that supplementation with both vitamins E and C only prevented increases in lipid peroxidation, but had no apparent effect on DNA damage, inflammation or muscle damage. These results suggest that the mechanism of oxidative damage is operating independently of the inflammatory and muscle damage responses.
Full-automatic Operation System for Nanakuma Line Subway in Fukuoka (2005)

OVERVIEW: The Fukuoka City Transportation Bureau’s Nanakuma Line Subway, constructed to relieve chronic congestion in the southwest section of Fukuoka, Japan, to provide an efficient and convenient public transportation system, and to further promote well-balanced urban development, went into service on February 3, 2005. Existing lines built over the past 20 years have been the driver-only operation type, but with this line for the first time in Japan a full-automatic operation system was applied to a subway line, a system that supports “the Fukuoka plan,” flexibility for diversity of train crew personnel employment.(1) Implementing full-automatic operation on a subway involves much more than simply automating the navigation of the train per se, for it requires careful consideration of the security and riding comfort of passengers while ensuring their safety in the face of various abnormal events that might occur. Building on the company’s accumulated technical expertise with driver-only operating systems, Hitachi was brought in early to participate in the development of a subway full-automatic operation system that is safe and efficient, and charged with the development of two key systems that are at the heart of the fullautomatic operation system: the traffic control system and the train system. Masahiro Fujiwara Ryuji Tanaka Hitoshi Takiguchi Naoji Ueki Junichi Seki
157. The organic compounds of gold. Part VII. Methyl and ethyl compounds (1939)

F. H. Brain and C. S. Gibson, J. Chem. Soc., 1939, 762 DOI: 10.1039/JR9390000762
Comparing the Performance of Indoor Localization Systems through the EvAAL Framework (2017)

In recent years, indoor localization systems have been the object of significant research activity and of growing interest for their great expected social impact and their impressive business potential. Application areas include tracking and navigation, activity monitoring, personalized advertising, Active and Assisted Living (AAL), traceability, Internet of Things (IoT) networks, and Home-land Security. In spite of the numerous research advances and the great industrial interest, no canned solutions have yet been defined. The diversity and heterogeneity of applications, scenarios, sensor and user requirements, make it difficult to create uniform solutions. From that diverse reality, a main problem is derived that consists in the lack of a consensus both in terms of the metrics and the procedures used to measure the performance of the different indoor localization and navigation proposals. This paper introduces the general lines of the EvAAL benchmarking framework, which is aimed at a fair comparison of indoor positioning systems through a challenging competition under complex, realistic conditions. To evaluate the framework capabilities, we show how it was used in the 2016 Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN) Competition. The 2016 IPIN competition considered three different scenario dimensions, with a variety of use cases: (1) pedestrian versus robotic navigation, (2) smartphones versus custom hardware usage and (3) real-time positioning versus off-line post-processing. A total of four competition tracks were evaluated under the same EvAAL benchmark framework in order to validate its potential to become a standard for evaluating indoor localization solutions. The experience gained during the competition and feedback from track organizers and competitors showed that the EvAAL framework is flexible enough to successfully fit the very different tracks and appears adequate to compare indoor positioning systems.
The biosynthesis of the wall teichoic acid in <i>Staphylococcus lactis</i> I3 (1968)

1. The biosynthesis of the wall teichoic acid in Staphylococcus lactis I3 was studied. Cell-free particulate enzyme preparations, probably representing fragmented membrane, were isolated and used for the synthesis of polymer. 2. By using appropriately labelled CDP-glycerol and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine it was shown that the former contributes a glycerol phosphate residue and the latter contributes an N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate residue to the repeating unit. 3. No polymer was synthesized unless both nucleotides were present, and no other substrates were required. 4. The properties of the enzyme system were studied. 5. Although attempts to fractionate the system failed, the biosynthesis is believed to be complex and its mechanism is considered.
5‐Lipoxygenase inhibitors induce potent anti‐proliferative and cytotoxic effects in human tumour cells independently of suppression of 5‐lipoxygenase activity (2010)

Certain 5-LO inhibitors cause cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects independently of suppression of 5-LO activity. Thus, the role of 5-LO overexpression in tumour cell viability remains unclear and requires further elucidation.
Downhole Measurements Through Modified Drill Pipe (1977)

A modified, circuit-containing drill pipe has been developed which allows instantaneous data transmission from a borehole while drilling. The system sends 600 data samples/second and is capable of much more. Results of the first system field test are reported. System components are described; they include a downhole instrument, a special 3000-ft (900-m) drill string, a slip/ring, kelly assembly, uphole readout, and special cleaning equipment.
IMPLEMENTING AN n-QUBIT FREDKIN GATE WITH SUPERCONDUCTING QUANTUM-INTERFERENCE DEVICES IN CAVITY QED (2011)

An alternative scheme is proposed in this paper to realize an n-qubit Fredkin gate with superconducting quantum-interference device (SQUID) in cavity QED. The multiqubit logical gate is essentially accomplished by a sequence of operations on only two SQUIDs in a large-detuned cavity. In the scheme, the two logical states of a qubit are presented by the two lowest states of a SQUID and the cavity is always in vacuum state so that the limit on the cavity is not serious.
Control of the Gene <i>optomotor-blind</i> in <i>Drosophila</i> Wing Development by <i>decapentaplegic</i> and <i>wingless</i> (1996)

Diffusible factors of several protein families control appendage outgrowth and patterning in both insects and vertebrates. In Drosophila wing development, the gene decapentaplegic (dpp) is expressed along the anteroposterior compartment boundary. Early wingless (wg) expression is involved in setting up the dorsoventral boundary. Interaction between dpp- and wg-expressing cells promotes appendage outgrowth. Here, it is shown that optomotor-blind (omb) expression is required for distal wing development and is controlled by both dpp and wg. Ectopic omb expression can lead to the growth of additional wings. Thus, omb is essential for wing development and is controlled by two signaling pathways.
A Case of Dioctophyme Renale in a Dog (1940)

The second case of Dioctophyme renale, the giant kidney worm, to be reported in the state of Iowa was found in a dog being used in a surgery class at Iowa State College, February 8, 1940.