gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A framework for designing interlayers for ceramic-to-metal joints (2002)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2002.
Variation in Biologic Availability of Digoxin from Four Preparations (1971)

The unexplained association of unusually large maintenance doses of digoxin and low serum digoxin concentrations in several patients prompted a study of the biologic availability of various digoxin products recently available for use on the wards of a New York City municipal hospital. In crossover studies in which 0.5 mg of digoxin was administered orally to normal volunteers, marked differences in serum digoxin levels achieved over a five-hour period were demonstrated. With one product peak serum levels were seven times those obtained with another. Significant variation between different lots prepared by a single manufacturer was also observed. Evidence of biologic as well as chemical equivalency of digoxin products for use in man should be required.
ChemInform Abstract: ANIL SYNTHESIS. 20. PREPARATION OF STILBENYL DERIVATIVES OF 1,2,4‐OXADIAZOLES (1979)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von entsprechenden Schiffbasen wie (I) ‐ erhältlich aus entsprechenden Aldehyd.en mit p‐Chloranilin ‐ mit entsprechenden p‐tolylsubstituierten Heterocyclen wie (II) liefert heterocyclisch substituierte Stilbene wie z.B. (III) ("Anil‐Synthese").
Zinc and magnesium serum levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) before and after prazosin therapy. (1996)

In 32 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) serum levels of zinc and magnesium were studied before and after prazosin therapy with (Minipress-Pfizer), 4 mg daily. Following cessation of therapy a slight increase in Zn levels was observed, i.e. from 99.79 to 103.29 micrograms/dl, whereas Mg levels did not change significantly (1.95 and 1.94 mg/dl, respectively). In comparison with other organs, the human prostate is characterized by high Zn and Mg content. In BPH the Zn levels are increased. They are markedly decreased in carcinoma of the prostate and in prostatitis [4, 5]. Zn and Mg play an important role as catalysts in various enzymatic reactions. It has been postulated that changes in concentrations of these two elements are parallel [6]. Kvist has found that Zn imparts resistance to detergent-induced decondensation of spermatozoon nuclear chromatin. The effect was more pronounced with higher Zn concentrations in a buffer fluid. Other bivalent cations were found to be ineffective in stabilizing nuclear chromatin under such conditions. A possible role for seminal zinc in prevention of the reduction of disulfide cross-links and nuclear decondensation was postulated [2]. Zinc also plays an important role in protein synthesis. Zinc ions inhibit androgen metabolism in the prostate. Physiologic Zn serum levels are equal to or above 90 micrograms/dl [4, 6]. Magnesium, unlike zinc, is uniformly distributed within different areas of the gland. In BPH, both normal and increased Mg levels in the prostate have been reported [6]. Mg plays an important role as an activator of enzymes (phosphatases) involved in ATP metabolism, thus affecting both katabolic and anabolic processes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Body Fat and Other Metabolic Effects of Atazanavir and Efavirenz, Each Administered in Combination with Zidovudine plus Lamivudine, in Antiretroviral- Naive HIV-Infected Patients (2005)

Use of atazanavir for 48 weeks neither resulted in abnormal fat redistribution in antiretroviral-naive patients nor induced other metabolic disturbances commonly associated with HIV-related lipodystrophy. Longer-term assessments (e.g., at 96 weeks) will be important to confirm these findings.
Tridar: A Hybrid Sensor for Exploiting the Complimentary Nature of Triangulation and LIDAR technologies (2005)

3D ranging technologies generally fall into either position-based (triangulation) or time-based (LIDAR) approaches. Triangulation can provide much higher precision at close to mid-range but degrades quickly with the square of distance. LIDARs can provide reasonable precision over much longer distances but, unlike triangulation, they do not improve in capabilities at short range where precision and speed are critical for many applications such as autonomous rendezvous and docking, guidance and navigation, obstacle avoidance, and inspection. This paper discusses the complementary nature of the two technologies and presents an overview of a hybrid Triangulation-LIDAR sensor (TriDAR) currently under development at Neptec. This design has been chosen as an autonomous rendezvous & docking sensor for the Hubble Robotic Vehicle (HRV) but other space and terrestrial applications are also discussed. Performance estimates of the hybrid sensor are also presented.
Near infrared spectrometry for faecal fat measurement: comparison with conventional gravimetric and titrimetric methods. (1989)

This investigation was aimed at comparing a new method for measuring faecal fat excretion, carried out with a semi-automated instrument by using near infrared analysis (NIRA), with the traditional titrimetric (Van de Kamer) and gravimetric (Sobel) methods. Near infrared analysis faecal fat was assayed on the three day stool collection from 118 patients (68 chronic pancreatitis, 19 organic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, 19 alcoholic liver disease, 12 functional gastrointestinal disorders). A strict linear correlation was found between NIRA and both the titrimetric (r = 0.928, p less than 0.0001) and the gravimetric (r = 0.971, p less than 0.0001) methods. On homogenised faeces, a mean coefficient of variation of 2.1 (SD 1.71)% was found. Before homogenisation (where a mean coefficient of variation of 7% was found) accurate results were obtained when the mean of five measurements was considered. In conclusion, the assay of faecal fat excretion by the near infrared reflessometry appears a simple, rapid and reliable method for measuring steatorrhoea.
Organocatalytic α‐Allylation of α‐Branched Aldehydes by Synergistic Catalysis of Brønsted Acids and Amines (2016)

Herein, we describe the first, fully organocatalytic Tsuji–Trost‐type direct α‐allylation of α‐branched aldehydes by the combined use of N ‐triflyl amides and secondary amines. Aliphatic, aromatic aldehydes as well as allyl alcohols are converted into the corresponding α‐allylated products in moderate to high yields.
Human Ribonuclease A Superfamily Members, Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin and Pancreatic Ribonuclease, Induce Dendritic Cell Maturation and Activation (2004)

A number of mammalian antimicrobial proteins produced by neutrophils and cells of epithelial origin have chemotactic and activating effects on host cells, including cells of the immune system. Eosinophil granules contain an antimicrobial protein known as eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), which belongs to the RNase A superfamily. EDN has antiviral and chemotactic activities in vitro. In this study, we show that EDN, and to a lesser extent human pancreatic RNase (hPR), another RNase A superfamily member, activates human dendritic cells (DCs), leading to the production of a variety of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and soluble receptors. Human angiogenin, a RNase evolutionarily more distant to EDN and hPR, did not display such activating effects. Additionally, EDN and hPR also induced phenotypic and functional maturation DCs. These RNases were as efficacious as TNF-alpha, but induced a different set of cytokine mediators. Furthermore, EDN production by human macrophages could be induced by proinflammatory stimuli. The results reveal the DC-activating activity of EDN and hPR and suggest that they are likely participants of inflammatory and immune responses. A number of endogenous mediators in addition to EDN have been reported to have both chemotactic and activating effects on APCs, and can thus amplify innate and Ag-specific immune responses to danger signals. We therefore propose these mediators be considered as endogenous multifunctional immune alarmins.
Understanding freight bottlenecks (2007)

Freight bottlenecks are traffic bottlenecks on highways that serve high volumes of trucks. This article summarizes recent work by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to better understand these bottlenecks and their effect on the trucking industry. To measure the cost of delay, the FHWA defined bottlenecks using three features: type of capacity constraint, type of roadway and type of freight route. The FHWA estimates that freight bottlenecks cause about 243 million truck hours of delay annually. The direct user cost from delay is about $7.8 billion per year. Although the effect of bottlenecks on individual shipments and transactions is usually modest, over time user costs can add up to a higher cost of doing business for firms. Since freight tonnage is expected to continue to increase, steps need to be taken to attack congestion strategically, such as by reclaiming capacity from the existing freight system and targeting highway and railroad expansion.
The visibility of maintenance in object models: an empirical study (2002)

This empirical study analyzes changes in C++ source code which occurred between two releases of an industrial software product and compares them with entities and relations available in object-oriented modeling techniques. The comparison offers increased understanding of what changes can and cannot be described using such object models. The goals were to investigate if the object model in this particular project is either abstract and stable or detailed and sensitive to change, and whether or not changes made to the C++ source code are visible in the object model. Four metrics for characterization of change are formally defined and used, namely correctness, completeness, compliance, and visibility factor. The major finding is that even though many of the classes are changed, the majority of these changes turn out to be invisible in the object model. That is, changes made on the source code level are of a finer granularity than available in common object modeling concepts. This may explain why object models seem to be of little use in release-oriented development.
Focussing bending waves via negative refraction in perforated thin plates (2010)

We propose a design of a periodically perforated thin plate leading to lensing effect of bending waves via negative refraction. To achieve this goal, we first analyze the band spectrum of the bi-harmonic operator for an array of freely vibrating square voids using both numerical (finite elements) and asymptotic methods. We then find some point in the reciprocal space where the acoustic dispersion surface displays a convex isofrequency contour shrinking with frequency. We finally demonstrate that a point force generating a bending wave above a finite array of 221 perforations displays an image underneath according to the Snell–Descartes inverted laws.
Robust Music Identification, Detection, And Analysis. (2007)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Automation of Millimeter Wave Network Planning for Outdoor Coverage in Dense Urban Areas Using Wall-Mounted Base Stations (2017)

The millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum is an important candidate band for next-generation cellular networks. Using higher frequencies, mmWaves are much more sensitive to blockage, and the presence of line-of-sight links is more desired, making the network planning more dependent on the layout of the cities. In this letter, we use computational geometry and optimization tools to fully automate the process of planning an outdoor mmWave network in dense cities, using wall-mounted below-rooftop base stations (BSs). Based on the locations found, one can analyze some properties of mmWave networks. We provide information about the BS density and coverage in two different large urban areas.
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT VASCULAR BEDS TO THE PRESSOR EFFECTS OF α‐ADRENORECEPTOR AGONISTS AND VASOPRESSIN IN PITHED RATS: RADIOACTIVE MICROSPHERE DETERMINATION (1985)

The relative fractional distribution of 51Cr-labelled microspheres was evaluated in pithed rats during equieffective vascoconstrictor responses evoked by infusions of the alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists methoxamine (alpha 1-selective), UK-14,304 (alpha 2-selective) or vasopressin. The proportion of injected radioactive microspheres trapped in each tissue during a sustained pressor response relative to saline treated controls is considered a reflection of the degree of local vascoconstriction in the tissue analysed. All three agonists (methoxamine, UK-14,304 and vasopressin) decreased the number of microspheres trapped in the mesentery and tail. Only methoxamine reduced the blood flow to the kidney and spleen. UK-14,304 did not modify the number of microspheres in the sample of skeletal muscle, however, both vasopressin and methoxamine reduced the blood flow to this tissue. Vasopressin increased the counts in the lungs and particularly in the liver but decreased the number of spheres trapped in the stomach and skin. In contrast to the alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists, vasopressin did not increase the number of microspheres trapped in the heart. Since a reduction in the number of microspheres trapped in the tissue reflects a decrease in blood flow, to that organ it is reasonable to conclude that alpha 1-adrenoreceptor stimulation increases kidney, spleen, mesentery, caudal and skeletal muscle vascular resistance, whereas alpha 2-adrenoreceptors appear to preferentially vasoconstrict the mesenteric and the caudal vascular beds.
Thirty year atmospheric corrosion performance of 55% aluminum-zinc alloy-coated sheet steel (1996)

In 1964, a series of aluminum-zinc (Al-Zn) alloy coatings were applied to steel sheet on a laboratory continuous hot-dip coating pilot line. The coated sheets were exposed in outdoor corrosion tests in severe marine, moderate marine, rural, and industrial atmospheres. Following eight years of testing, the 55% Al-Zn composition was selected as the optimum composition because it combined excellent long-term durability with the ability to provide cut-edge protection to the steel substrate. Now, after 30 years of continued outdoor testing, the results show conclusively that the 55% Al-Zn alloy coating has better than twice the life of an ordinary zinc coating of equal thickness, and that it provides enduring cut-edge protection. Following identification of the optimum composition in 1972, steel sheet with the 55% Al-Zn alloy coating was produced commercially by Bethlehem Steel. Large quantities of this material have been put in service as unpainted roofing on metal buildings. Inspections of these buildings show that the corrosion performance is excellent for roofs that have been in service for up to 22 years in a variety of US environments. These results confirm the conclusions of the earlier outdoor tests.
Butyrate prevents muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve crush (2015)

These data suggest that HDAC inhibitors are promising pharmacological agents for treating neurogenic muscle atrophy. Muscle Nerve 52: 859-868, 2015.
Accurate Detection of Peer-to-Peer Botnet using Multi-Stream Fused Scheme (2011)

Nowadays decentralized botnets pose a great threat to Internet. They evolve new features such as P2P Command and Control(C&C), which makes traditional detection methods no longer effective for indicating the existence of the bots. In this paper, based on several of the new P2P botnet characteristic properties, we propose a novel real-time detecting model - MSFM (Multi-Stream Fused Model). MSFM considers multiple types of packets' unique characteristics and handle them with corresponding strategies. Extensive experiment results show that our model can accurately detect peer-to-peer botnet with relatively low false-positive and false-negative rates. © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER.
Endostatin Binds Tropomyosin (2001)

The mechanism of action of Endostatin, an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth, remains unknown. We utilized phage-display technology to identify polypeptides that mimic the binding domains of proteins with which Endostatin interacts. A conformed peptide (E37) was identified that shares an epitope with human tropomyosin implicating tropomyosin as an Endostatin-binding protein. We show that recombinant human Endostatin binds tropomyosin in vitro and to tropomyosin-associated microfilaments in a variety of endothelial cell types. The most compelling evidence that tropomyosin modulates the activity of Endostatin was demonstrated when E37 blocked greater than 84% of the tumor-growth inhibitory activity of Endostatin in the B16-BL6 metastatic melanoma model. We conclude that the E37 peptide mimics the Endostatin-binding epitope of tropomyosin and blocks the antitumor activity of Endostatin by competing for Endostatin binding. We postulate that the Endostatin interaction with tropomyosin results in disruption of microfilament integrity leading to inhibition of cell motility, induction of apoptosis, and ultimately inhibition of tumor growth.
LOSSES IN THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF HEAVILY‐WILTED HERBAGE ENSILED IN EVACUATED AND NON‐EVACUATED POLYTHENE CONTAINERS (1969)

A conservation experiment is described in which the losses entailed in ensiling heavily‐wilted herbage of 37–43% dry‐matter content either by complete sealing in polythene alone, or by complete sealing followed by evacuation of air, were investigated. The metabolizable energy values of the grass and silages were determined, and the silage volatile‐acids fraction investigated by gas chromatography. The results indicate that there are no significant fermentation differences between the two types of silage. The mean dry‐matter loss for the sealed, unevacuated silos was 6.5% and for the evacuated silos 7.8%. These losses, and the individual crude‐ and digestible‐nutrient losses, are discussed in relation to other published work.
Adsorption and decomposition of diethyldiethoxysilane on silicon surfaces: New possibilities for SiO2 deposition (1995)

Diethyldiethoxysilane is an organosilicate that may offer new possibilities for SiO2 deposition. In this study, the adsorption and decomposition of diethyldiethoxysilane (DEDEOS) was examined on Si(100)2×1 and porous silicon surfaces using laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Auger electron spectroscopy techniques. The FTIR studies revealed that DEDEOS dissociatively adsorbs on porous silicon and deposits ethyl and ethoxy species. These species are observed to decompose via a β-hydride elimination mechanism at ∼700 K. In agreement with this mechanism, TPD studies on Si(100)2×1 observed ethylene (C2H4) at ∼700 K and H2 desorption at ∼800 K. Additionally, the controlled deposition of SiO2 was achieved on Si(100)2×1 using repetitive cycles of DEDEOS adsorption at 300 K followed by thermal annealing at 820 K for 300 s. After the rapid deposition of an oxygen coverage of θO∼2.4 ML, the oxygen deposition rate decreased and reached a constant deposition rate of ∼0.04 ML oxygen per cycle after ten cycles. The constant reactivity of the growing SiO2 film was attributed to dangling bond reactive sites resulting from β-hydride elimination of the ethyl groups (SiCH2CH3→SiH+CH2=CH2) and subsequent H2 desorption (2SiH→2Si+H2). DEDEOS was also utilized to grow SiO2 films under high-pressure chemical vapor deposition conditions. The rate of SiO2 deposition displayed Arrhenius behavior with an activation barrier of Eact=49±6 kcal/mol. This activation barrier is similar to activation barriers measured earlier for SiO2 growth using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The deposition rate of SiO2 by DEDEOS was approximately 60 times slower than the deposition rate by TEOS at 943 K and 0.5 Torr.
Why are Canadians Having Children? An Investigation of the Value Attributed to Children and Its Impact on Demand for Children (2005)

Previous studies in the value-of-children tradition of fertility research have examined the effect on demand for children of subjective perceptions of a particular value, or category of values, of children to parents. In their explanation of demand for children, they do not consider the possibility of the relevance of multiple or diverse single-handed values of children to parents. By investigating the impact of a non-specific measure of the values of children to parents—the value attributed to children—on demand for children, this study implicitly takes into account all of the values of children to parents that may be implicated in demand for children. The fundamental hypothesis of this study is that the value attributed to children by individuals is one of the foremost determinants of their demand for children. The value attributed to children by individuals is thought to positively affect their demand for children. Based on a sample of respondents to the 2001 Canadian General Social Survey who are heterosexual, aged 20-49 years, fecund, married to or cohabiting with a fecund spouse/partner, and childless, this study finds support for the fundamental hypothesis of this study. Those who attribute value to children have demand for an average of about one more child than those who do not attribute value to children when their demographic, economic, and cultural characteristics are taken into account. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with a sample of respondents to the local survey of Reproduction and Caring over the Life Course who are heterosexual, aged 20-49 years, married, cohabiting or in a conjugal relationship, and childless are analyzed to discern the values of children to parents that give rise to the value attributed to children by individuals and, in that way, contribute to their demand for children. The main finding is of the relevance of multiple or diverse single-handed values of children in the value attributed to children by individuals.
Synthesis of hypolipidemic silybin analog 3',4'-ethylenedioxyflavonoids. (1984)

For pharmacological investigation various types of silybin analogues have been synthesized. According to the results of preliminary tests, many of the prepared benzodioxane analogues of chalcones, chalcone epoxides, isoflavones, flavanones and aurones possessed hypolipidemic activity.
Optimum Design of a 4x4 Planar Butler Matrix Array for WLAN Application (2010)

In recent years, high-speed wireless communication is in vogue. In wireless communication systems, multipath fading, delay and interference occurres by reflection or diffraction. In a high-speed wireless communication, it becomes a necessary to separate desired signal from delay or interference signal. Thus to overcome these problems Smart antenna systems have been developed. Basically there are two types of smart antenna systems, one is Switched beam system and another Adaptive array system.This paper presents the optimum design of a 4x4 plannar Butler matrix array as a key component of a switched beam smart antenna system, operating at 5.2 GHz for WLAN with a dielectric substrate, FR4 of er =4.9 and h=1.6mm. Conception details, simulation results and measurements are also given for the components (microstrip antenna, hybrid couplers, cross-coupler, phase shifter) used to implement the matrix. In this dissertation, mathematical calculations for all the components using MATLAB is done and then every individual component is designed using the commercial software SONNET. Then these entire components have been combined on a single substrate and simulated using SONNET.
Cardiac A2 adenosine receptors - influence of ischaemia (1992)

The results provide evidence of the existence of cardiac A2 adenosine receptors. Ischaemia modifies receptor properties and appears to affect chiefly the high affinity component of A2 binding, possibly by preventing receptor interaction with membrane G proteins.