gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increase in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes with regulatory T cell immunophenotypes and reduced ζ-chain expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (2009)

The pathological significance of the mechanisms of tumour immune-evasion and/or immunosuppression, such as loss of T cell signalling and increase in regulatory T cells (T(regs)), has not been well established in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) microenvironment. To evaluate the T(reg) immunophenotypes in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we performed a double-enzymatic immunostaining for detection of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) and other markers including CD4, CD8, and CD25 on 64 NPC and 36 non-malignant nasopharyngeal (NP) paraffin-embedded tissues. Expression of CD3 zeta and CD3 epsilon was also determined. The prevalence of CD4(+)FoxP3(+) cells in CD4(+) T cells and the ratio of FoxP3(+)/CD8(+) were increased significantly in NPC compared with those in NP tissues (P < 0.001 and P = 0.025 respectively). Moreover, the ratio of FoxP3(+)/CD25(+)FoxP3(-) in NPC was significantly lower than that in NP tissues (P = 0.005), suggesting an imbalance favouring activated phenotype of T cells in NPC. A significant negative correlation between the abundance of FoxP3(+) and CD25(+)FoxP3(-) cells (P < 0.001) was also identified. When histological types of NPC were considered, a lower ratio of FoxP3(+)/CD25(+)FoxP3(-) was found in non-keratinizing and undifferentiated carcinomas. Increased CD4(+)FoxP3(+)/CD4(+) proportion and FoxP3(+)/CD8(+) ratio were associated with keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. A reduced expression of CD3 zeta in TILs was found in 20.6% of the NPC tissues but none of the NP tissues. These data provide evidence for the imbalances of T(reg) and effector T cell phenotypes and down-regulation of signal-transducing molecules in TILs, supporting their role in suppression of immune response and immune evasion of NPC.
Structural Basis for Coronavirus-mediated Membrane Fusion (2004)

The surface transmembrane glycoprotein is responsible for mediating virion attachment to cell and subsequent virus-cell membrane fusion. However, the molecular mechanisms for the viral entry of coronaviruses remain poorly understood. The crystal structure of the fusion core of mouse hepatitis virus S protein, which represents the first fusion core structure of any coronavirus, reveals a central hydrophobic coiled coil trimer surrounded by three helices in an oblique, antiparallel manner. This structure shares significant similarity with both the low pH-induced conformation of influenza hemagglutinin and fusion core of HIV gp41, indicating that the structure represents a fusion-active state formed after several conformational changes. Our results also indicate that the mechanisms for the viral fusion of coronaviruses are similar to those of influenza virus and HIV. The coiled coil structure has unique features, which are different from other viral fusion cores. Highly conserved heptad repeat 1 (HR1) and HR2 regions in coronavirus spike proteins indicate a similar three-dimensional structure among these fusion cores and common mechanisms for the viral fusion. We have proposed the binding regions of HR1 and HR2 of other coronaviruses and a structure model of their fusion core based on our mouse hepatitis virus fusion core structure and sequence alignment. Drug discovery strategies aimed at inhibiting viral entry by blocking hairpin formation may be applied to the inhibition of a number of emerging infectious diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Intelligent control and actuators for structures (1995)

Recent advances in the areas of intelligent control, artificial intelligence, microprocessor technology, and smart materials have provided a strong foundation for the development and realization of 'intelligent structures'. This paper presents an integrated approach to the concept of intelligent structures and formulates a framework for the development of such structures. Furthermore, the concept of an adaptive, semi-active actuator for implementation of the proposed intelligent controller is presented.
First step toward a virus-derived vector for gene cloning and expression in spiroplasmas, organisms which read UGA as a tryptophan codon: synthesis of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in Spiroplasma citri (1991)

Spiroplasmas are wall-less procaryotes in which the UGA codon serves not as a stop signal but as a code for the amino acid tryptophan. Spiroplasma genes that contain UGA codons thus cannot be studied in the usual Escherichia coli cloning and expression systems. Although this problem can be circumvented by using UGA-suppressor strains of E. coli, spiroplasmas themselves would provide a more efficient cloning and expression host. We have now successfully employed the replicative form (RF) of a filamentous spiroplasma virus (SpV1) to clone and express the E. coli-derived chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene in Spiroplasma citri. The CAT gene was inserted in one of the four intergenic regions of the SpV1 RF and introduced into cells by electroporation. Both the RF and the virion DNA produced by the transfected cells contained the CAT gene sequences. Northern blot analysis, primer extension, and S1 mapping showed that transcription of the CAT gene started from a promoter located on the SpV1 RF and was terminated downstream of the CAT gene, still within the viral RF. Expression of the CAT gene was demonstrated by acetylation of chloramphenicol by cell-free extracts from the transfected spiroplasmas.
WR-2721, Its Derivatives and Their Radioprotective Effects on Mammalian Cells in Culture (1983)

Although it is well known that WR-2721 is very efficient in protecting mice against lethal irradiation, we could not find any radioprotective effect of WR-2721 on mouse L cells in culture. But WR-1065 alone (free SH form of WR-2721), and WR-2721 pre-incubated with mouse liver homogenate, showed radioprotective ability. It was found that mouse liver homogenate dephosphorylated WR-2721 to WR-1065. The highest WR-2721 metabolizing activity was found in mouse liver homogenate and Chang liver cell homogenate. Homogenates of human liver and kidney were also shown to possess moderate activity for metabolizing WR-2721. These results suggest to us that WR-2721 must be dephosphorylated before exerting its radioprotective effect and that this dephosphorylating activity varies with tissues. It is demonstrated therefore that mouse L cell in culture is a novel system to assess the extent of dephosphorylation of WR-2721 in various tissues.
Volatile constituents of mountain papaya (Carica candamarcensis, syn. C. pubescens Lenne et Koch) fruit (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolatile constituents of mountain papaya (Carica candamarcensis, syn. C. pubescens Lenne et Koch) fruitHeinz Idstein, Theresia Keller, and Peter SchreierCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1985, 33, 4, 663–666Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00064a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00064a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase activity: phosphorylation of gp91 <sup>phox</sup> /NOX2 by protein kinase C enhances its diaphorase activity and binding to Rac2, p67 <sup>phox</sup> , and p47 <sup>phox</sup> (2008)

Neutrophils generate microbicidal oxidants through activation of a multicomponent enzyme called NADPH oxidase. During activation, the cytosolic NADPH oxidase components (p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and Rac2) translocate to the membranes, where they associate with flavocytochrome b(558), which is composed of gp91(phox)/NOX2 and p22(phox), to form the active system. During neutrophil stimulation, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and p22(phox) are phosphorylated; however, the phosphorylation of gp91(phox)/NOX2 and its potential role have not been defined. In this study, we show that gp91(phox) is phosphorylated in stimulated neutrophils. The gp91(phox) phosphoprotein is absent in neutrophils from chronic granulomatous disease patients deficient in gp91(phox), which confirms that this phosphoprotein is gp91(phox). The protein kinase C inhibitor GF109203X inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced phosphorylation of gp91(phox), and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylated the recombinant gp91(phox)- cytosolic carboxy-terminal flavoprotein domain. Two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping analysis showed that PKC phosphorylated the gp91(phox)-cytosolic tail on the same peptides that were phosphorylated on gp91(phox) in intact cells. In addition, PKC phosphorylation increased diaphorase activity of the gp91(phox) flavoprotein cytosolic domain and its binding to Rac2, p67(phox), and p47(phox). These results demonstrate that gp91(phox) is phosphorylated in human neutrophils by PKC to enhance its catalytic activity and assembly of the complex. Phosphorylation of gp91(phox)/NOX2 is a novel mechanism of NADPH oxidase regulation.
Channelization in Ultra Mobile Broadband Communication Systems: The Forward Link (2008)

This paper describes the channelization method for the forward link of ultra mobile broadband (UMB) forward link. It is optimized for encoding/decoding processing time, diversity (especially for latency sensitive data), peak-to-average ratio, link budget (i.e., minimum rate at cell edge), access terminal memory requirements, scalability across various deployment bandwidths to achieve high throughput and highly reliable wireless communications.
Defect-Rich Crystalline SnO<sub>2</sub> Immobilized on Graphene Nanosheets with Enhanced Cycle Performance for Li Ion Batteries (2012)

A one-step microwave-assisted hydrothermal method (MAHM) has been developed to synthesize SnO2/graphene composites. It is shown that fine SnO2 nanoparticles with an average size of 3.5 nm can be homogeneously deposited on graphene nanosheets (GNSs) using this technique. The electronic structure as revealed from X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) shows that the SnO2 nanoparticles are abundant in surface defects with oxygen vacancies, which facilitate the immobilization of SnO2 onto GNSs by electronic interaction. Carbon K edge XANES provide direct evidence of strong interaction between SnO2 and GNSs. The SnO2/graphene nanocomposites deliver a superior reversible capacity of 635 mAh g–1 after 100 cycles and display excellent rate performance. All these desirable features strongly indicate that SnO2/graphene composite is a promising anode material in high-performance lithium ion batteries.
Efficient Gene Delivery and Targeted Expression to Hepatocytes <i>In Vivo</i> by Improved Lentiviral Vectors (2002)

Safe and efficient genetic modification of liver cells could enable new therapies for a variety of hepatic and systemic diseases. Lentiviral vectors are promising tools for in vivo gene delivery. Previous data suggested that recruitment into the cell cycle was required for transduction of hepatocytes in vivo. We developed an improved vector design that enhanced nuclear translocation in target cells and significantly improved gene transfer performance. Using the new vector and a panel of internal promoters, we showed that rat hepatocytes were transduced ex vivo to high frequency without requirement for proliferation. On intravenous administration of vector into adult severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, we found high levels (up to 30%) of transduction of parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells of the liver, integration of the vector genome in liver DNA and stable expression of the marker green fluorescent protein (GFP)-encoding gene without signs of toxicity. Coadministration of vectors and 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in vivo proved that cell cycling was not required for efficient transduction of hepatocytes. In addition to the liver, the spleen and the bone marrow were transduced effectively by systemic delivery of vector. GFP expression was observed in all these organs when driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter and by the phosphoglycerate kinase gene promoter. Using the promoter of the albumin gene, we could restrict expression to hepatocytes. By a single vector injection into the bloodstream of SCID mice, we achieved therapeutic-range levels of the human clotting factor IX, stable in the plasma for up to 1 year (the longest time tested), indicating the potential efficacy of improved lentiviral vectors for the gene therapy of hemophilias and other diseases.
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (1970)

Morphologic and morphometric studies were carried out on pulmonary vessels in lung tissue from 156 patients, for whom a diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension had been made. This material was collected from 51 medical centers. Chronic pulmonary thromboembolism can be recognized by organizing thrombi, patchy intimal fibrosis, and intra-arterial septa. The media is only slightly thicker than normal; in 31 of the 156 cases the vascular lesions corresponded to this pattern. Other conditions such as chronic pulmonary venous hypertension, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, sarcoidosis, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary schistosomiasis could also be classified from the morphologic criteria. The largest group comprised 110 cases showing medial hypertrophy, laminar intimal fibrosis, and often fibrinoid necrosis, arteritis, and plexiform lesions. These alterations suggest that they were initiated by vasoconstriction. In children the sex ratio is equal; in adults there are almost four females to one male. In these patients with vasoconstrictive primary pulmonary hypertension, various stimuli are likely to bring about vasoconstriction in the presence of a pronounced pulmonary vascular hyperreactivity. A review of 602 cases from the literature is given.
In Situ Mass Spectrometry Study on Surface Reactions in Atomic Layer Deposition of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Thin Films from Trimethylaluminum and Water (2000)

The surface reactions between trimethylaluminum (TMA) and deuterated water (D2O) in the deposition of Al2O3 were studied by using a mass spectrometer to determine the amount of the reaction product, methane (CH3D), produced in a flow-type atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor during each deposition step. At low temperatures (<200 °C) more CH3D was produced during the TMA pulse whereas at higher temperatures when the dehydroxylation is more extensive more CH3D was produced during the D2O pulse. In addition to the temperature, the hydroxyl coverage was also noticed to depend on the D2O dose, since D2O reacts with dehydroxylated alumina sites producing adsorbed −OD groups. According to our results, which agree quite well with previous studies carried out by other methods, the dehydroxylation of the alumina surface seems to play a key role in the surface chemistry of the atomic layer deposition of Al2O3.
A Self Organizing Recurrent Neural Network (2017)

A recurrent neural network with a self-organizing structure based on the dynamic analysis of a task is presented in this paper. The stability of the recurrent neural network is guaranteed by design. A dynamic analysis method to sequence the subsystems of the recurrent neural network according to the fitness between the subsystems and the target system is developed. The network is trained with the network's structure self-organized by dynamically activating subsystems of the network according to tasks. The experiments showed the proposed network is capable of activating appropriate subsystems to approximate different nonlinear dynamic systems regardless of the inputs. When the network was applied to the problem of simultaneously soft measuring the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH3-N in wastewater treatment process, it showed its ability of avoiding the coupling influence of the two parameters and thus achieved a more desirable outcome.
Nickel and platinum group metal nanoparticle production by Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20 (2015)

Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20 is an anaerobic sulfate reducing bacteria. While Desulfovibrio species have previously been shown to reduce palladium and platinum to the zero-state, forming nanoparticles in the process; there have been no reports that D. alaskensis is able to form these nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles have properties that make them ideal for use in many industrial and medical applications, such as their size and shape giving them higher catalytic activity than the bulk form of the same metal. Nanoparticles of the platinum group metals in particular are highly sought after for their catalytic ability and herein we report the formation of both palladium and platinum nanoparticles by D. alaskensis and the biotransformation of solvated nickel ions to nanoparticle form.
Dual‐colour chromogenic <i>in situ</i> hybridization for testing of <i>HER‐2</i> oncogene amplification in archival breast tumours (2006)

Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), which uses an enzymatic reaction to detect the hybridized DNA probe, is a new alternative to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the assessment of HER-2 oncogene amplification status in breast cancer. The main advantage of CISH over FISH is the use of bright-field microscopy, which is rapid and allows the histopathological evaluation of tumour tissue sections. The main disadvantage of CISH has been the use of a single probe, thereby making it necessary to hybridize the control probe (chromosome 17 centromere) on an adjacent tissue section. The present paper presents an efficient protocol for dual-colour CISH (dc-CISH) based on the co-hybridization of probes to the HER-2 oncogene and chromosome 17 centromere. The probes were detected sequentially with antibodies to digoxigenin and biotin and with secondary antibody polymers labelled with horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase. The peroxidase reaction was visualized with tetramethyl benzidine (green reaction product) and the alkaline phosphatase reaction with New Fuchsin (red reaction product). The accuracy of the method was verified by comparing the results for four cell lines and 40 tumour samples with those obtained using FISH (Vysis Inc.). The results of FISH and dc-CISH showed high concordance (91%, Kappa coefficient = 0.82). It is concluded that dual-colour CISH, which is a new alternative to FISH enables the assessment of copy number ratio (HER-2/17 centromere) in conjunction with proper histopathological evaluation and the ease of bright-field microscopy.
Molecular Characteristics of Serum Visfatin and Differential Detection by Immunoassays (2007)

Differences in the qualitative and quantitative detection of visfatin by immunoassays need to be considered in clinical association studies and may explain the conflicting observations with respect to a putative relation of circulating visfatin to human obesity or insulin resistance.
Propagation and senescence of human marrow stromal cells in culture: a simple colony‐forming assay identifies samples with the greatest potential to propagate and differentiate (1999)

Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) were isolated from bone marrow obtained by aspirates of the iliac crest of normal volunteers. The cells were isolated by their adherence to plastic and then passed in culture. Some of the samples expanded through over 15 cell doublings from the time frozen stocks were prepared. Others ceased replicating after about four cell doublings. The replicative potential of the cells in culture was best predicted by a simple colony-forming assay in which samples from early passages were plated at low densities of about 10 cells per cm2. Samples with high colony-forming efficiency exhibited the greatest replicative potential. The colonies obtained by plating early passage cells at low density varied in size and morphology. The large colonies readily differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes when incubated in the appropriate medium. As samples were expanded in culture and approached senescence, they retained their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. However, the cells failed to differentiate into adipocytes. The loss of multipotentiality following serial passage in culture may have important implications for the use of expanded MSCs for cell and gene therapy.
The role of narrative in multimedia learning (2020)

This descriptive case study investigated the role of narrative in multimedia learning and teaching and observed how teachers applied their understanding of narrative, and new constructivist technologies, to design multimedia presentations for instruction. The study looked specifically at the cognitive strategies, visual narrative concepts, and techniques of representation three teachers used in the course of learning how to design a multimedia instructional presentation. The context of the study was a university graduate instructional design of educational software course. Data sources included visual and verbal elicitation techniques, participant observations, document collection, semistructured interviews, and videotapes in the graduate classroom. Data were analyzed using concurrent and retrospective protocol analyses of design tasks, network graphs of design reasoning, and ethnographic document analyses of storyboard scenes, montage sequences, and narrative instructional presentations. The findings of this study suggest the value of using visual narrative concepts and techniques of representation to support teachers in their approach to the design of a multimedia instructional presentation. The protocol data indicated that when the teachers actively engaged in design problem solving, they used their new knowledge of narrative to read, select, and combine digital media according to the formal elements, symbolic relationships, and the ways in which their students might perceive them. This is further discussed in relation to constructivist frameworks for understanding the functions of language and symbol systems in the construction of knowledge and meaning. The network graph data of design reasoning identified technical issues such as difficulties in controlling the media and interacting with constructivist technologies that occasionally affected the three teachers' cognitive processing. This is discussed in relation to the traits of novice designers, the functions of novel representations (Ainsworth, 2006), and cognitive dissonance. The ethnographic document data were to a large extent determined by the three teachers' individual approaches to design practice and the particularities of their instructional presentations for their respective disciplines and student populations. The findings of this study have implications for both the fields of multimedia learning research and teacher education in terms of learning how to design multimedia instructional presentations effectively. Professional development in learning how to design with computer graphics and new constructivist technologies is suggested.
Ultra broadband optical amplifiers (2003)

Multiple optical amplifier technologies now exist that can be used to provide bandwidths exceeding 40 nm. Performance trade-offs as well as the economics of transmission systems and optical networks will determine the choice among these options.