gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone drug delivery system (Ozurdex) for the treatment of refractory diabetic macular oedema: retrospective case series analysis (2012)

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to report the clinical outcome of the treatment of DME patients with the Dexamethasone Drug Delivery System (Ozurdex) in clinical practice. Methods This retrospective case series study included 25 consecutive patients (25 eyes) with refractory DME. This preliminary report includes 10 patients who completed a 12 months follow‐up. VA (EDTRS), CRT (OCT) and IOP were assessed at baseline, 7 days, and 1, 6 and 12 months after Ozurdex injection. If necessary, a second implant was injected at 6 and/or 12 month. Results The mean duration of diabetes at baseline was 18.6 years with a mean HbA1c level of 8.97. At baseline the mean VA was 52 letters, mean CRT 467µm and mean IOP 15.9 mmHg. At day 7, the mean VA increased to 62.22 letters (+ 10.22 letters) and the mean CRT decreased to 290.25µm with a mean IOP level of 16.66 mmHg. At month 1: mean VA was maintained to 58.66 letters (+ 6.66 letters) and the CRT continued to decrease to 201µm.The mean IOP slightly increased to 17.83 mmHg (we had 1 case at 24 mmHg) At month 6: mean visual acuity continued to increase to 64.33 letters (+12.33 letters gain). The mean CRT was 281µm with an IOP level of 15.16 mmHg. At month 12: mean visual acuity was maintained to 65.41 letters (2‐line gain: + 13.41 letters), mean retinal thickness and IOP level were normal (200µm and 16.81 mmHg respectively). At month 12: 5 patients (50%) had an improvement of more than 15 letters. 50% of the patients underwent a second injection, and 33% of them Conclusion The present clinical study suggests that intravitreal injection of the dexamethasone drug delivery system (Ozurdex) seems to be effective and well tolerated in eyes with refractory DME
Regulation of human B lymphopoiesis: effect of a urinary activity associated with cyclic neutropenia. (1985)

Urine from a patient with cyclic neutropenia was found to contain a lymphopoietic activity that acts as a growth factor for human pre-B cells. This biologic activity was detectable during the week preceding, but not during, the period of neutropenia. This corresponded with a periodic excessive accumulation of pre-B cells in the marrow of this patient. Urine preparations were added to cultures of normal human bone marrow that had been depleted of B cells. Pre-B cells were generated in these cultures but not in cultures containing urine preparations from normal donors. Pre-B cells were also generated from bone marrow that had been depleted of 177.17+ cells and the majority of pre-B cells. This is the first report of a hemopoietic activity which affects human pre-B cells. This activity may represent a normal regulatory molecule that is periodically produced in excess in this patient.
Serial Coronary Angiographic Evidence That Antioxidant Vitamin Intake Reduces Progression of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis (1995)

These results indicate an association between supplementary vitamin E intake and angiographically demonstrated reduction in coronary artery lesion progression. Verification from carefully designed, randomized, serial arterial imaging end point trials is needed.
Effect of phosphorylated ribavirin on vesicular stomatitis virus transcription (1988)

The effect of phosphorylated ribavirin on a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in vitro transcription reaction was examined. Viral mRNA synthesized in the presence of the 5' mono-, di-, and triphosphorylated forms of the drug translated with equal efficiencies under the test conditions. However, all three phosphorylated species inhibited VSV transcription. The mono- and diphosphorylated forms of the drug possessed approximately two to three times the inhibitory activity as the triphosphorylated form. Transcripts synthesized in the presence of drug were full length and were absent of incorporated drug. Inhibition by ribavirin 5'-diphosphate could be reversed by the addition of UTP, CTP, and GTP, while the addition of GDP to the reaction did not reverse inhibition. Ribavirin diphosphate was added to a La Crosse virus in vitro transcription assay to determine whether an inhibitory effect could be established in a viral system that was more sensitive to ribavirin than was VSV; it led to profound inhibition of RNA synthesis at concentrations as low as 0.1 microgram/ml. These data suggest that ribavirin has an effect on the initial steps of transcription by some RNA-dependent RNA polymerases and that this effect may be mediated by several phosphorylated forms.
Lubricated Squeezing Flow: A New Biaxial Extensional Rheometer (1981)

Squeezing flow between two disks with lubricated surfaces was found to generate a homogeneous compression or equal biaxial extension in a high viscosity polydimethylsiloxane sample. The apparatus is extremely simple: two steel disks with a central rod to provide alignment and prevent sample slip, an LVDT to measure displacement, and a silicone oil bath. The mass and area of the upper disk provide for a constant force boundary condition. The biaxial viscosity was found to be approximately six times the shear viscosity over biaxial extension rates ε̇r from 0.003 to 1.0 s−1. Lubrication could be achieved up to Hencky strains of about 2.5. Some data were also taken on the same polyisobutylene sample used by Stephenson and Meissner in their biaxial stretching study. Agreement was very good.
Effect Of Surface Area Of Dialyzer Membrane On The Adequacy Of Haemodialysis (2012)

Introduction: Patients with end stage renal disease require 12 hours of haemodialysis per week in three equal sessions (4 hours/day for 3 days/week). But the duration and frequency of treatment can be reduced by increasing the surface area of the dialyzer membrane. Methods: In this prospective study 40 patients of end stage renal disease receiving haemodialysis for more than six months were included to observe the effects of increment in the surface area of the dialyzer membrane on the adequacy of haemodialysis. Result: It was observed that 20 patients receiving haemodialysis on a dialyzer with membrane surface area of 1.2 m² did not have satisfactory solute clearance index. Urea reduction ratio was 45.9 ± 3.03 and fractional urea clearance (Kt/V) was 0.76 ± 0.09. On the other hand patients (20 cases) receiving haemodialysis on a dialyzer with membrane surface area of 1.3 m² had a urea reduction ratio 50.76± 5.16 and fractional urea clearance (Kt/V) 0.91 ± 0.16. All the patients of both groups received dialysis for 8 hours/week in two equal sessions (4 hours/day for 2 days/week). Statistically the increment was significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study reveals, adequacy of dialysis can be increased by increasing the surface area of the dialyzer membrane. So, considering the poor socioeconomic condition of Bangladesh and patients' convenience, a short duration, low cost dialysis regime can be tried by increasing the surface area of dialyzer membrane. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10387 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 9-11
Über die Synthese von 2‐substituierten Imidazo‐(c)‐pyridinen aus 3,4‐Diaminopyridin (1962)

Abstract In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, daß 3,4‐Diaminopyridin im Vergleich zum o‐Phenylendiamin nur wenigen Ringschlußmethoden zugängig ist, wobei im einzelnen sehr energische Reaktionsbedingungen erforderlich sind. Vom 3,4‐Diaminopyridin sowie von den daraus hergestellten Imidazo‐(c)‐pyridinen wurden die UV‐Spektren aufgenommen und aus den Titrationskurven die Dissoziationskonstanten berechnet. Es ließ sich in Übereinstimmung mit anderen Autoren zeigen, daß das 3,4‐Diaminopyridin in einer „chinoiliden”︁ Struktur als Imino‐aminopyridin vorliegen muß.
The addressing method of the Blu-ray disc system (2003)

The addressing of the blank Blu-ray disc is reported. The address information is recorded as the radial wobble with minimum shift keying + saw tooth. A decoding scheme is also described.
Antibiotic binding to polytetrafluoroethylene via glucosaminoglycan-keratin luminal coating. (1986)

Vascular prosthetic graft infection is one of the most catastrophic problems complicating vascular surgery. The purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of binding an antibiotic to a vascular prosthesis via a glucosaminoglycan-keratin luminal coating (GKLC). Ten adult mongrel dogs had polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts inserted into the right common carotid artery and PTFE grafts with GKLC bonded with cefoxitin inserted into the left common carotid artery. Before the neck incision was closed, an infusion of 1 X 10(8) Staphylococcus aureus was administered intravenously during a 15-minute period to each dog. Grafts were harvested at 10 different time periods (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 21, and 28 days). At the time of harvesting, cultures were taken of the lumen of each graft. Washout of antibiotic from the graft lumen was determined by measuring zones of inhibition of disks excised from the antibiotic grafts that were placed on S. aureus plates. Results demonstrated that only 1 of the 10 GKLC-cefoxitin grafts was infected compared with 10 of 10 regular PTFE grafts (p less than 0.003). Regression analysis showed antibiotic elution to occur in an exponential fashion (r = 0.9654) with no detectable antibiotic present after 10 days. GKLC with cefoxitin significantly protects the PTFE graft lumen from infection during bacteremia compared with regular PTFE. The role of antibiotic-bound grafts in relation to the use of intravenous antibiotics will need to be determined by further studies.
A Literature Overview of Fuzzy Conceptual Data Modeling (2010)

Fuzzy set theory has been extensively applied to extend various database models and resulted in numerous contributions, mainly with respect to the popular relational model or to some related form of it. To satisfy the need of modeling complex objects with imprecision and uncertainty, recently many researches have been concentrated on fuzzy semantic (conceptual) data models. This paper reviews fuzzy conceptual data models proposed in the literature, where fuzzy ER/EER, IFO and UML data models are mainly discussed, and reviews the applications of fuzzy conceptual data models.
Power System Security Control Calculations Using Linear Programming, Part I (1978)

This is the first paper in a two-part report on linear programming (LP) applied to power system security control calculations. The advantages of an LP approach are complete computational reliabilit and very high speed, making it suitable for real-time or study-mode purposes. Both corrective and preventive security control strategies are dealt with. Active- power control is exercised over generators, phase shifters and hvdc links. Load shedding and emergency start-up of plant are included. Part I presents the basic LP formulation and algorithm, and gives the computational details necessary to obtain very fast solutions. Specific applications to practical power systems are described in Part II1.
Digital Differential Analyzers vs General Purpose Digital Computers for Schuler-Tuned Inertial Navigation Systems (1963)

A pure Schuler-tuned terrestrial inertial navigator with polar mode capability is considered. The general computing requirements for digital mechanizations are outlined and pertinent characteristics for digital differential analyzers (DDA) and general purpose (GP) digital computers are listed. Factors involved in choosing between the two, and combinations thereof, are discussed, It is concluded that the addition of a DDA section for complete or partial performance of the inertial navigation function provides no advantage for the faster GP digital computers available for airborne inertial navigation, but might well be advantageous for a very slow GP digital computer.
The Interactions in the Carboxyl Terminus of Human 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Are Critical to Mediate the Conformation of the Final Helix and the Tail to Shield the Active Site for Catalysis (2013)

4-Hydroxylphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD) is an important enzyme for tyrosine catabolism, which catalyzes the conversion of 4-hydroxylphenylpyruvate (4-HPP) to homogentisate. In the present study, human 4-HPPD was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The kinetic parameters for 4-HPP conversion were: k cat=2.2 ± 0.1 s(-1); and K m=0.08 ± 0.02 mM. Sequence alignments show that human 4-HPPD possesses an extended C-terminus compared to other 4-HPPD enzymes. Successive truncation of the disordered tail which follows the final α-helix resulted in no changes in the K m value for 4-HPP substrate but the k cat values were significantly reduced. The results suggest that this disordered C-terminal tail plays an important role in catalysis. For inspection the effect of terminal truncation on protein structure, mutant models were built. These models suggest that the different conformation of E254, R378 and Q375 in the final helix might be the cause of the activity loss. In the structure E254 interacts with R378, the end residue in the final helix; mutation of either one of these residues causes a ca. 95% reductions in k cat values. Q375 provides bifurcate interactions to fix the tail and the final helix in position. The model of the Q375N mutant shows that a solvent accessible channel opens to the putative substrate binding site, suggesting this is responsible for the complete loss of activity. These results highlight the critical role of Q375 in orientating the tail and ensuring the conformation of the terminal α-helix to maintain the integrity of the active site for catalysis.
Characterization of Cadmium Uptake in <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> and Isolation of Cadmium and Manganese Uptake Mutants (1999)

Two different Cd(2+) uptake systems were identified in Lactobacillus plantarum. One is a high-affinity, high-velocity Mn(2+) uptake system which also takes up Cd(2+) and is induced by Mn(2+) starvation. The calculated K(m) and V(max) are 0.26 microM and 3.6 micromol g of dry cell(-1) min(-1), respectively. Unlike Mn(2+) uptake, which is facilitated by citrate and related tricarboxylic acids, Cd(2+) uptake is weakly inhibited by citrate. Cd(2+) and Mn(2+) are competitive inhibitors of each other, and the affinity of the system for Cd(2+) is higher than that for Mn(2+). The other Cd(2+) uptake system is expressed in Mn(2+)-sufficient cells, and no K(m) can be calculated for it because uptake is nonsaturable. Mn(2+) does not compete for transport through this system, nor does any other tested cation, i.e., Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Co(2+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Fe(2+), or Ni(2+). Both systems require energy, since uncouplers completely inhibit their activities. Two Mn(2+)-dependent L. plantarum mutants were isolated by chemical mutagenesis and ampicillin enrichment. They required more than 5,000 times as much Mn(2+) for growth as the parental strain. Mn(2+) starvation-induced Cd(2+) uptake in both mutants was less than 5% the wild-type rate. The low level of long-term Mn(2+) or Cd(2+) accumulation by the mutant strains also shows that the mutations eliminate the high-affinity Mn(2+) and Cd(2+) uptake system.
Biomechanical and Morphologic Evaluation of a Three-Dimensional Fabric Sheep Artificial Intervertebral Disc (2001)

Study Design. We have developed a new artificial intervertebral disc consisting of triaxial three-dimensional fabric for the sheep lumbar spine. To clarify the characteristics of the new implant, a series of biomechanical tests and morphologic evaluations were conducted. Objectives. To investigate the static, viscoelastic, and fatigue properties of the three-dimensional fabric disc in comparison with natural sheep disc and to evaluate their biomechanical and morphologic alteration in vivo. Summary of Background Data. In its human dimensions the three-dimensional fabric disc revealed mechanical properties similar to a natural human disc. Methods. The disc-body units from sheep spine and the sheep three-dimensional fabric discs underwent tensile-compressive (200 N), torsional (5 Nm), and creep-recovery tests (30 minutes–30 minutes, 200 N). After fatigue loading (2 million, compressive 200 N) the biomechanical changes and the debris were investigated. For in vivo evaluation after placing in the sheep psoas muscles for 6 months, the surface of the three-dimensional fabric disc was evaluated using macroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, followed by previous biomechanical tests. Results. The behavior of the sheep three-dimensional fabric disc was similar to that of natural sheep disc in tensile-compressive and creep-recovery tests. In torsional testing the behavior of natural sheep disc was more rigid than that of the sheep three-dimensional fabric disc. After fatigue loading there was no biomechanical change and no debris detected. Six months after surgery no morphologic deterioration was observed nor were there changes in biomechanical parameters. Conclusions. The sheep three-dimensional fabric disc exhibited biomechanical and morphologic biostability, appropriate viscoelasticity, and excellent fatigue properties. The three-dimensional fabric disc has a potential for clinical application of human intervertebral disc replacement.
Histamine<sub>2</sub>-Receptor Antagonists (1990)

THIS article reviews the clinical pharmacology of histamine2-receptor antagonist drugs (H2 blockers) and their usefulness in the treatment and prevention of acid-peptic disorders — namely, peptic ulcer disease, Zollinger—Ellison syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and acute stress ulcers and erosions. Erosive gastritis and erosive duodenitis are often considered acid-peptic diseases, but because they overlap with peptic ulcer disease they are not considered as separate entities in this review. Non-ulcer dyspepsia is not included as an acid-peptic disorder since it does not appear to respond to therapy with H2 blockers or antacids.1 H2 blockers are quite effective . . .
Conclusion (2009)

This book examined three important periods in US-Korean relations focusing on the dynamic of policy making underscored by realist thinkers in international relations. While doing this, each case history also presented a detailed narrative account about how and why US diplomacy and strategy toward Korea and Northeast Asia changed over time. The answers to salient historical questions were already offered in each Part, thus, in this final conclusion, I discuss the relevance of my hypotheses in explaining the more recent US commitment toward Korea and its implications about US-Korean alliance in the twenty-first century.KeywordsMilitary CapabilityCarter AdministrationAsian SecurityNixon AdministrationNorth Korean Nuclear IssueThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The clinical implications of the systemic inflammatory reaction related to cardiac operations in children (2003)

peer reviewed
Solid state pH and chloride sensor with microfluidic reference electrode (2016)

We present for the first time a miniaturized multi ion-selective sensor to simultaneously determine pH and chloride (Cl <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> ) levels in fluid. The sensor combines solid state iridium oxide (IrOx) and silver chloride (AgCl) electrodes fabricated on a Si substrate with a microfluidic reference electrode (RE). The drift of the RE is similar to a standard RE while the internal reservoir is orders or magnitude smaller. The drift rate depends on the RE geometry as predicted by a model based on diffusion. The sensitivity, response time and accuracy were determined using solution with known composition, household solutions and samples of sweat and saliva. Overall performance is similar or even exceeds standard, relatively large and expensive ion-selective sensors.
Detect What You Can: Detecting and Representing Objects Using Holistic Models and Body Parts (2014)

Detecting objects becomes difficult when we need to deal with large shape deformation, occlusion and low resolution. We propose a novel approach to i) handle large deformations and partial occlusions in animals (as examples of highly deformable objects), ii) describe them in terms of body parts, and iii) detect them when their body parts are hard to detect (e.g., animals depicted at low resolution). We represent the holistic object and body parts separately and use a fully connected model to arrange templates for the holistic object and body parts. Our model automatically decouples the holistic object or body parts from the model when they are hard to detect. This enables us to represent a large number of holistic object and body part combinations to better deal with different "detectability" patterns caused by deformations, occlusion and/or low resolution. We apply our method to the six animal categories in the PASCAL VOC dataset and show that our method significantly improves state-of-the-art (by 4.1% AP) and provides a richer representation for objects. During training we use annotations for body parts (e.g., head, torso, etc.), making use of a new dataset of fully annotated object parts for PASCAL VOC 2010, which provides a mask for each part.
Automated test system with dynamic scheduling for switching systems (2002)

This paper presents an automated test system with dynamic scheduling to utilize machine times efficiently. Automated test requests are collected and then dynamically allocated to test facilities, without complicated scheduling by a machine time manager who usually has to check whether all machines needed for the test environment configuration are available. This system raises the utilization rate of test facilities and executes requests faster.
Enhanced capacitance of manganese oxide via confinement inside carbon nanotubes (2010)

The confinement within carbon nanotubes (CNTs) improves the electrochemical reversibility of CNT-confined MnO(2) nanoparticles and benefits their capacitive enhancement, which exhibit a specific capacitance of 225 F g(-1) for the composites and MnO(2) normalized capacitance as high as 1250 F g(-1).
Experimental verification of SBS suppression by duobinary modulation (1997)

We demonstrate experimentally for the first time a significantly increased threshold for stimulated Brillouin scattering using the duobinary modulation format. Measured thresholds are 17.3 dBm at 2.5 Gbit/s increasing linearly to 23.9 dBm at 10 Gbit/s.
Adrenergic signalling between rat taste receptor cells (2002)

In taste buds, synaptic transmission is traditionally thought to occur from taste receptor cells to the afferent nerve. This communication reports the novel observation that taste receptor cells respond to adrenergic stimulation. Noradrenaline application inhibited outward potassium currents in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibition was mimicked by the beta agonist isoproterenol and blocked by the beta antagonist propranolol. The alpha agonists clonidine and phenylephrine both inhibited the potassium currents and elevated intracellular calcium levels. Inwardly rectifying potassium currents were unaffected by adrenergic stimulation. Experiments using the RT-PCR technique demonstrate that lingual epithelium expresses multiple alpha (alpha1a, alpha1b, alpha1c, alpha1d, alpha2a, alpha2b, alpha2c) and beta (beta1, beta2) subtypes of adrenergic receptors, and immunocytochemistry localized noradrenaline to a subset of taste receptor cells. Collectively, these data imply strongly that adrenergic transmission within the taste bud may play a paracrine role in taste physiology.