gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development, reliability and validity of the Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease Pediatric Scale (CMTPedS) (2011)

Development, reliability and validity of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Pediatric Scale (CMTPedS) Joshua Burns, Richard Finkel, Tim Estilow, Andy Hiscock, Matilde Laura, Polly Swingle, Agnes Patzko, Allan Glanzman, Gyula Acsadi, Francesco Muntoni, Mary Reilly, Davide Pareyson, Isabella Moroni, Emanuela Pagliano, Sindhu Ramchandren, Kate Eichinger, Monique Ryan, Robert Ouvrier, Michael Shy, Rosemary Shy
Gender Differences in Water-Level Representation as a Function of Information on State of Liquid (1992)

(1992). Gender Differences in Water-Level Representation as a Function of Information on State of Liquid. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 153, No. 2, pp. 231-235.
Inhibitory Effects of Chinese Medicinal Herbs on Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria and Identification of the Active Components from Gallnuts of Chinese Sumac (2012)

The aqueous extracts of 30 out of 67 Chinese medicinal herbs were shown to have inhibitory effects on growth of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria by a paper disc diffusion assay. The inhibitory substances with the strongest antibacterial activity were extracted from Chinese sumac gallnut and black myrobalan. The aqueous extract of gallnut inhibited the growth of eight of the tested plant-pathogenic bacteria, and that of black myrobalan inhibited five. The gallnut extract produced at least an 8-mm inhibition zone against Acidovorax citrulli, Ralstonia solanacearum, X. citri pv. citri, and X. euvesicatoria at a 10-fold dilution, and it was still active at 800- to 1,600-fold dilutions. The aqueous extract of gallnut was more inhibitory than the acetone-water extract. To identify the inhibitory compounds in the gallnut aqueous extract, the crude extract was chromatographed over a silica column, and the primary compounds in fractions 3 and 8 were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance as gallic acid and methyl gallate, respectively. The inhibitory effect of methyl gallate on the growth of four plant-pathogenic bacteria was 10 to 80 times that of gallic acid. The minimum inhibition and minimum bactericidal concentration tests showed that the inhibition effect of the original aqueous was higher than that of methyl gallate. These results indicate that methyl gallate in gallnut is an important compound that is inhibitory to plant-pathogenic bacterial growth, and there are other unidentified compounds that are also responsible for the antibacterial effects. This is the first report regarding the antibacterial effects of gallnut extract and its chemical components on plant-pathogenic bacteria.
Design Synthesis of Safety Devices on a Logging Trailer: Part 1 (1975)

A safety device is proposed which enables the driver to dump the loaded trailer in case of emergency. The proposed device is supposed to perform the following operations in sequence. (1) It will disconnect the cup and saucer assembly. (2) It will apply the emergency brakes to stop the decoupled trailer. (3) It will drop the scotch block skid-plates in front of the duals of the trailer in order to avoid any skidding on a slippery road. The device is inoperative at speeds over 45 mph (72 km/hr) to insure that the driver cannot use it on highways. A thermodynamic analysis, for propagation of a real gas from a high pressure gas tank to two variable volume cylinders with movable pistons, is proposed to calculate the time required to perform these operations.
Gemcitabine and Cytosine Arabinoside Cytotoxicity: Association with Lymphoblastoid Cell Expression (2008)

Two cytidine analogues, gemcitabine (dFdC) and 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (AraC), show significant therapeutic effect in a variety of cancers. However, response to these drugs varies widely. Evidence from tumor biopsy samples shows that expression levels for genes involved in the cytidine transport, metabolism, and bioactivation pathway contribute to this variation in response. In the present study, we set out to test the hypothesis that variation in gene expression both within and outside of this "pathway" might influence sensitivity to gemcitabine and AraC. Specifically, Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip and cytotoxicity assays were performed to obtain basal mRNA expression and IC(50) values for both drugs in 197 ethnically defined Human Variation Panel lymphoblastoid cell lines. Genes with a high degree of association with IC(50) values were involved mainly in cell death, cancer, cell cycle, and nucleic acid metabolism pathways. We validated selected significant genes by performing real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and selected two representative candidates, NT5C3 (within the pathway) and FKBP5 (outside of the pathway), for functional validation. Those studies showed that down-regulation of NT5C3 and FKBP5 altered tumor cell sensitivity to both drugs. Our results suggest that cell-based model system studies, when combined with complementary functional characterization, may help to identify biomarkers for response to chemotherapy with these cytidine analogues.
Ovarian hormones and vaginal blood flow: using laser Doppler velocimetry to measure effects in a clinical trial of post-menopausal women. (1998)

Vaginal blood flow is an objective measure of sexual function which can be determined with laser Doppler velocimetry. The vasodilator effects of esterified estrogens and esterified estrogens with methyltestosterone are similar.
Teaching Machines to Ask Questions (2018)

We propose a novel neural network model that aims to generate diverse and human-like natural language questions. Our model not only directly captures the variability in possible questions by using a latent variable, but also generates certain types of questions by introducing an additional observed variable. We deploy our model in the generative adversarial network (GAN) framework and modify the discriminator which not only allows evaluating the question authenticity, but predicts the question type. Our model is trained and evaluated on a question-answering dataset SQuAD, and the experimental results shown the proposed model is able to generate diverse and readable questions with the specific attribute.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Transparent Superhydrophobic Boehmite and Silica Films by Sublimation of Aluminum Acetylacetonate. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Convolutional Graph Neural Networks (2019)

Applying deep learning to the pervasive graph data is significant because of the unique characteristics of graphs. Recently, substantial amounts of research efforts have been keen on this area, greatly advancing graph-analyzing techniques. In this study, the authors comprehensively review different kinds of deep learning methods applied to graphs. They discuss with existing literature into sub-components of two: graph convolutional networks, graph autoencoders, and recent trends including chemoinformatics research area including molecular fingerprints and drug discovery. They further experiment with variational autoencoder (VAE) analyze how these apply in drug target interaction (DTI) and applications with ephemeral outline on how they assist the drug discovery pipeline and discuss potential research directions.
Study of relapsing remitting experimental allergic encephalomyelitis SJL mouse model using MION-46L enhanced in vivo MRI: Early histopathological correlation (1998)

MION-46L, a superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent, was investigated for its ability to increase the sensitivity of in vivo 3D MRI in the detection of brain lesions in a chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (crEAE) mouse model. Lesion conspicuity on postcontrast 3D MRI was dramatically enhanced as compared to precontrast images corresponding to areas of inflammatory and demyelinating lesions. MION-46L could be detected on Prussian blue iron stain in the vascular endothelium, the perivascular space, and in macrophages within perivascular cuffs and areas of inflammation and demyelination. By taking advantage of the MION-46L induced macroscopic susceptibility effect, acute early lesions measuring only 100 microm in diameter could be detected. MION-46L enhanced MRI may be used to 1) provide a unique sensitivity in EAE lesion detection and correlate imaging to histopathology; 2) help to understand EAE lesion development and its underlying pathophysiology; and 3) eventually assist in preclinical screening of new experimental therapies directed at patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Comparative Genomic Analysis of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Oculotropic and Genitotropic Strains (2005)

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is an important cause of preventable blindness and sexually transmitted disease (STD) in humans. C. trachomatis exists as multiple serovariants that exhibit distinct organotropism for the eye or urogenital tract. We previously reported tissue-tropic correlations with the presence or absence of a functional tryptophan synthase and a putative GTPase-inactivating domain of the chlamydial toxin gene. This suggested that these genes may be the primary factors responsible for chlamydial disease organotropism. To test this hypothesis, the genome of an oculotropic trachoma isolate (A/HAR-13) was sequenced and compared to the genome of a genitotropic (D/UW-3) isolate. Remarkably, the genomes share 99.6% identity, supporting the conclusion that a functional tryptophan synthase enzyme and toxin might be the principal virulence factors underlying disease organotropism. Tarp (translocated actin-recruiting phosphoprotein) was identified to have variable numbers of repeat units within the N and C portions of the protein. A correlation exists between lymphogranuloma venereum serovars and the number of N-terminal repeats. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis between the two genomes highlighted the minimal genetic variation. A disproportionate number of SNPs were observed within some members of the polymorphic membrane protein (pmp) autotransporter gene family that corresponded to predicted T-cell epitopes that bind HLA class I and II alleles. These results implicate Pmps as novel immune targets, which could advance future chlamydial vaccine strategies. Lastly, a novel target for PCR diagnostics was discovered that can discriminate between ocular and genital strains. This discovery will enhance epidemiological investigations in nations where both trachoma and chlamydial STD are endemic.
Hybrid modeling in Modelica based on the synchronous data flow principle (2003)

The unique features of the object-oriented modeling language Modelica to model combined continuous time and discrete event systems are discussed. A hybrid Modelica model is described by a set of synchronous differential, algebraic and discrete equations leading to deterministic behaviour and automatic synchronization of the continuous and discrete parts of a model. The consequences of this view are discussed and demonstrated at hand of a new method to model ideal switching elements such as ideal diodes, ideal thyristors or friction. At event instants this leads to mixed continuous/discrete systems of equations that have to be solved by appropriate algorithms.
A theoretical study of the rovibronic spectra of CNO, NCO and CON (1995)

Variational calculations of the rovibronic spectra of the three isomers NCO, CNO and CON in their X2Π electronic ground state have been performed. The calculations were done in an attempt to calibrate a computed ab initio potential, based on the complete active space second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) approach, against experimental vibrational data. Comparison with experiment for the NCO isomer indicates that the theoretical potential is a little flat. It is shown that minor changes to the quadratic force field parameters lead to a substantial improvement in the accuracy.
Radical-Anionic Cyclizations of Enediynes:  Remarkable Effects of Benzannelation and Remote Substituents on Cyclo<i>re</i>aromatization Reactions (2003)

The reasons for large changes in the energetics of C1-C5 and C1-C6 (Bergman) cyclizations of enediynes upon one-electron reduction were studied by DFT and Coupled Cluster computations. Although both of these radical-anionic cyclizations are significantly accelerated relative to their thermal counterparts, the acceleration is especially large for benzannelated enediynes, whose reductive cyclizations are predicted to proceed readily under ambient conditions. Unlike their thermal analogues, the radical-anionic reactions can be efficiently controlled by remote substitution, and the effect of substituent electronegativity is opposite of the effect on the thermal cycloaromatization reactions. For both radical-anionic cyclizations, large effects of benzannelation and increased sensitivity to the properties of remote substituents result from crossing of out-of-plane and in-plane MOs in the vicinity of transition states. This crossing leads to restoration of the aromaticity decreased upon one-electron reduction of benzannelated enediynes. Increased interactions between nonbonding orbitals as well as formation of new aromatic rings (five membered for the C1-C5 cyclization and six membered for C1-C6 cyclizations) are the other sources of increased exothermicity for both radical-anionic cyclizations. The tradeoff between reduction potentials and cyclization efficiency as well as the possibilities of switching of enediyne cyclization modes (exo or C1-C5 vs endo or C1-C6)) under kinetic or thermodynamic control conditions are also outlined.
Mutation of Asn111 in the Third Transmembrane Domain of the AT1A Angiotensin II Receptor Induces Its Constitutive Activation (1997)

A preliminary model of the rat AT1A angiotensin II (AII) receptor (Joseph, M. P., Maigret, B., Bonnafous J.-C., Marie, J., and Scheraga, H. A. (1995) J. Protein Chem. 14, 381-398) has predicted an interaction between Asn111 located in transmembrane domain (TM) III and Tyr292 (TM VII) in the nonactivated receptor; a disruption of this interaction upon AII activation would allow Tyr292 to interact with the conserved Asp74 (TM II). The previous verification that Tyr292 is essential for receptor coupling to phospholipase C (Marie, J., Maigret, B., Joseph, M. P., Larguier, R., Nouet, S., Lombard, C., and Bonnafous, J.-C. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 20815-20818) prompted us to check the possible alterations in receptor properties upon Asn111 --> Ala mutation. The mutated receptor (N111A) displayed: (i) strong constitutive activity, with amplification of the maximal phospholipase C response to AII; (ii) agonist behavior of the AT2-specific ligand CGP 42112A, [Sar1, Ile8]AII, and [Sar1,Ala8]AII, antagonists of the wild-type receptor; (iii) inverse agonism behavior of the non-peptide ligands DuP 753, LF 7-0156, and LF 8-0129. The results are discussed in the light of the allosteric ternary complex models and other described examples of constitutive activation of G protein-coupled receptors.
Antiatherogenic Properties of Calcium Antagonists (1991)

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology™ is a peer reviewed, multidisciplinary journal that publishes original articles and pertinent review articles on basic and clinical aspects of cardiovascular pharmacology. Appropriate subjects include new drug development and evaluation, physiological and pharmacological bases of drug action, metabolism, drug interactions and side effects, clinical results with new and established agents and novel methods. The focus is on pharmacology in its broadest applications, incorporating not only traditional approaches, but new approaches to the development of pharmacological agents and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
The impact of frequency on the performance of microwave ablation (2016)

Comparably sized ablation zones are achievable well above 1.9 GHz, despite increasingly localised power absorption. Specific absorption rate alone does not accurately predict ablation performance, particularly at higher frequencies where thermal diffusion plays an important role. Cable heating due to ohmic losses at higher frequencies may be controlled through judicious choices of input power and cable diameter.
Exploring the Substitution of Exenatide for Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Insulin in Combination With Oral Antidiabetes Agents (2007)

This pilot study suggests that it is feasible to sustain glycemic control when substituting exenatide for insulin. Although it is not possible to characterize clear predictors of outcome given the size and exploratory nature of the study, the data suggest that patients with longer disease duration, who are taking higher doses of insulin and have less endogenous beta-cell function, may experience deterioration in glucose control if exenatide is substituted for insulin therapy.
A 32 mW 1.25 GS/s 6b 2b/Step SAR ADC in 0.13$\ \mu$m CMOS (2009)

A 1.25 GS/s 6b ADC is implemented in a 0.13 mum digital CMOS process by time-interleaving two SAR ADCs with 2.5 GHz internal clock frequency that converts 6 bits in 3 cycles. 5.5b ENOB at 1.25 GS/s and 5.8b ENOB at 1 GS/s are achieved without any off-line calibration, error correction or post processing. The entire ADC consumes 32 mW at 1.25 GS/s including T/H and reference buffers, and occupies 0.09 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
BAT‐25 and BAT‐26, two mononucleotide microsatellites, are not sensitive markers of microsatellite instability in acute myeloid leukaemia (2003)

BAT-25 and BAT-26 are mononucleotide microsatellites with quasi-monomorphic allele length distribution in healthy controls but unstable, shortened alleles in solid organ tumours with a mutator phenotype (RER+). Both markers are highly sensitive and specific for RER+ colorectal cancer. This study evaluated three mononucleotide microsatellites, BAT-25, BAT-26 and BAT-40 (a polymorphic mononucleotide microsatellite) in RER+ acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Sixteen [six therapy-related AML (t-AML), 10 de novo AML] known RER+ AML, 22 healthy controls and five known RER- AML samples were analysed. In healthy controls and RER- AML, BAT-25 and BAT-26 were quasi-monomorphic and BAT-40 was polymorphic. Of the RER+ AML samples, 0 of 16 had microsatellite instability (MSI) at BAT-25, 0 of 16 had MSI at BAT-26 and three of 16 had MSI at BAT-40. We conclude that BAT-25, BAT-26 and BAT-40 microsatellites are insensitive to RER+ AML. Further studies are required to determine a consensus panel of sensitive microsatellites for use in AML.
Crux: Rapid Open Source Protein Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis (2014)

Efficiently and accurately analyzing big protein tandem mass spectrometry data sets requires robust software that incorporates state-of-the-art computational, machine learning, and statistical methods. The Crux mass spectrometry analysis software toolkit ( http://cruxtoolkit.sourceforge.net ) is an open source project that aims to provide users with a cross-platform suite of analysis tools for interpreting protein mass spectrometry data.
Performance evaluation of connectionless service for ATM networks (2002)

This paper investigates the performance of the direct approach to connectionless service over ATM. The direct approach utilizes connectionless servers, attached to or incorporated in a subset of the ATM switches, to provide a packet switching service. The number of connectionless servers and ATM connections utilized by the direct approach is found analytically and compared to alternative approaches. Furthermore, the effects of two architectural options that significantly impact the performance of connectionless servers, the packet forwarding scheme (packet-based and cell-based) and the flow control scheme (static rate control and a dynamic proportional rate control) are also evaluated.
Phase II Trial of Amonafide for the Treatment of Advanced, Hormonally Refractory Carcinoma of the Prostate (1994)

Amonafide (benzisoquinolinedione; NSC 308847) was subjected to a Phase II trial for the treatment of advanced hormone-refractory carcinoma of the prostate. In addition to adequate baseline organ functions, patients were required to have a favorable performance status, bidimensionally measurable disease and no prior chemotherapy. Amonafide was given at a dose of 225 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 5 days. Treatment cycles were repeated every 21 days. Dose escalation and reduction schema were used based upon toxicities from preceding cycles. Of 47 patients enrolled, 43 were evaluable. The most common toxicities were hematologic to include leukopenia (72%), granulocytopenia (32.6%), and thrombocytopenia (44.2%). There were no complete responses and only 5 partial responses for an overall response rate of 12% (95% confidence interval: 4-25%). The results indicate that Amonafide, in the dose and schedule tested, lacks sufficient activity against hormone-refractory prostate cancer to warrant further trials.
Construction of Composite Measures by the Canonical-Factor-Regression Method (1973)

This is an extended version of a paper presented to the Methodology Section of the American Sociological Association at the 1973 annual meeting in New York. The author is indebted to David R. Heise, Herbert L. Costner, Arthur S. Goldberger, Hubert M. Blalock, and Lois MacGillivray for their critical and constructive comments on earlier versions of this paper. Any errors, of course, are the sole responsibility of the author.
Road surface roughness estimation employing integrated position and acceleration sensor (2017)

Assessment of a surface quality being an essential task for the authorities supervising the roads provides the subject of the paper. Information about riding quality of a pavement, important for drivers, both in terms of their comfort and safety is collected during experiments employing mobile sensors. The paper describes the use of a miniature position and acceleration sensor for evaluation of the roughness of the road surface. The device designed for the installation in vehicles includes a built-in multi-axis accelerometer and a GPS receiver. Measurement data were collected on the basis of road trip records with regards to diversified roughness of the surface and to varied vehicle speed on each investigated road section. Data were gathered for various vehicle body types and then attempts were made to the classification of the road surface based on the created algorithm.