gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of Fuel Composition and Combustion Chamber Deposit Effects on Emissions from a Spark Ignition Engine (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Six chemically defined fuels have been run in a 2.0 liter production engine, in both a deposit-free and deposited state, at five different operating (speed/load) conditions. The fuel used to produce the deposits minimized the development of deposits in the intake system, so that primarily the effect of combustion chamber deposits were considered in this study. The six chemically defined fuels investigated were based on an iso-octane and toluene mix (base fuel). Methyl tertiary butyl ether, cyclohexane, diisobutylene, 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene and ethylbenzene were added to this base fuel to form five tertiary fuel mixtures. Engine-out emissions of speciated hydrocarbons, NO<sub>x</sub>, CO and CO<sub>2</sub> were measured for the base fuel and five tertiary fuel mixtures in both the deposit-free and deposited state.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">NO<sub>x</sub> emissions were seen to increase relative to the base fuel for the cyclohexane and ethylbenzene tertiary fuel mixtures. Nine major hydrocarbon emissions were found with engine runs on the base fuel, representing the partial oxidation products of iso-octane and toluene. The five tertiary fuel mixtures affected the distribution of the hydrocarbon emissions and in some case added new emissions. Most oxidation products were found to decrease with increasing load. Unburned fuel represented one-third to one-half of the hydrocarbon emissions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">After the development of combustion chamber deposits approximately a 30% increase in NO<sub>x</sub> emissions was observed. Also, unburned hydrocarbon emissions were found to increase approximately 25% with combustion chamber deposits. The extent to which combustion chamber deposits affected hydrocarbon emissions was found to be dependent on fuel structure. These findings indicate that the interaction of fuel structure with combustion chamber deposits should be considered in the development of reformulated gasolines if targeted emissions are to be maintained over the life of a vehicle.</div>
The Importance of Long-term Acute Care Hospitals in the Regional Epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae (2013)

We identified high colonization prevalence of KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae among patients in LTACHs. Patients with chronic medical care needs in long-term care facilities may play an important role in the spread of these extremely drug-resistant pathogens.
Effect of food intake on protein and energy metabolism in finishing beef steers (1987)

1. The effects of progressive reduction in food intake from 1.6 x maintenance (1.6 M) to approximately maintenance (M′) and then to zero (fasting) on energy expenditure and leucine kinetics were examined in Hereford x Friesian finishing beef steers. 2. Estimates of whole body protein synthesis and protein oxidation were obtained from the specific radioactivity of free leucine in blood and of exhaled carbon dioxide during continuous infusions of [I- 14 C]leucine. Protein synthesis contributed a minimum of 0.19 to total heat production across all three intakes. 3. The apparent efficiencies with which synthesized protein was retained were 0.28 between 1.6 M and M′ and 1.04 between M′ and fasting. The greater efficiency below M′ reflected probable use of amino acids as energy sources during fasting, which would be spared as soon as feed was available. 4. Nitrogen derived from protein oxidation made a minor contribution to urine N at both 1.6 M (0.45) and M′ (0.36) but provided a significant proportion to the increment in urine N between intakes (0.68). 5. Amino acid absorption, estimated indirectly as the sum of protein oxidation and protein retention, represented only 0.28 of N intake at M′ and 0.38 at 1.6 M but the contribution to the increment in N intake between these two diet levels was greater (0.56). 6. The estimated efficiency of utilization of absorbed amino acids between M′ and 1.6 M was 0.45.
059. THE REVERSIBLE DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE 1 INHIBITOR, INS1007, DECREASES SURFACE PROTEINASE 3 EXPRESSION AND NEUTROPHIL SERINE PROTEASE ACTIVITIES IN HUMAN NEUTROPHILS (2019)

than C-ANCA (p < 0.0001) and higher than A-ANCA (p 0.001) positive sera. The median A-ANCA titers were even higher than titers of C-ANCA positive sera (p 0.001). Anti-MPO antibodies were detected in 42.0% of positive P-ANCA tests while only 32.6% out of the C-ANCA positive sera were positive for anti-PR3 antibodies. Patients presenting positive anti-PR3 and anti-MPO antibodies had significantly higher C-ANCA and P-ANCA median titers, respectively. Among positive A-ANCA and C-ANCA results the specialties that most frequently ordered these tests were gastroenterologists and rheumatologists, whereas among positive P-ANCA results the most frequent specialties were nephrologists followed by rheumatologists. Conclusion: In a national-wide general laboratory, the positivity of ANCA tests by IIF is infrequent at low titers. Positive results for anti-PR3 and anti-MPO are observed in less than half of patients with positive C-ANCA and P-ANCA, respectively, and this was significantly associated with ANCA titers. The low frequency of positive tests may be due to different specialists ordering ANCA in a low pretest probability scenario.
Down‐regulation of Hsp27 radiosensitizes human prostate cancer cells (2006)

Our results suggest the possible application of antisense Hsp27 cDNA or other methods to reduce Hsp27 expression as a radiation sensitizer in radiation oncology.
A Conceptual Model for Virtual Organizational Learning. (2000)

As a trend toward virtual organizations (VOs) emerges in the era of electronic commerce, an understanding of knowledge processing is essential to sustain performance. Active learning is the key to achieving flexibility in a VO; however, few studies have focused on this dimension. In this article we attempt to assemble insights about learning in a VO by developing a conceptual model for virtual organizational learning (VOL). The VOL model is focused on transactive memory, which is composed of knowledge maps, social networks, and mnemonic functions. The initialization of modeling learning in VOs in this article has been erecting the foundation for transactive memory systems in a cyber community. A case study, Smart Creative Teachers Network, is used for demonstrating the transactive memory system for a teacher community to share and create knowledge and form VOs across school boundaries.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for Reservoir Monitoring with VSP (2013)

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a novel technology for seismic data acquisition, particularly suitable for VSP. It is a break-through for low-cost, on-demand, seismic monitoring of reservoirs, both onshore and offshore. We will briefly explain how DAS works, and then, demonstrate its usability for typical VSP applications such as checkshots, imaging, and time-lapse monitoring. We will show data examples from around the world, and discuss DAS as an enabler for full-field seismic monitoring with 3D VSP.
GHz-range SAW device using nano-meter electrode fabrication technology (1994)

Nano-meter lithography technology is very important for high density integrated circuits and higher frequency-range SAW devices. The frequency ranges of mobile communication systems are now in the 1 GHz region and extending to 2-4 GHz. Moreover SAW devices require a frequency range of around 10 GHz. Nano-meter technology below 0.1 μm is required. In this paper, nano-meter fabrication processing with various types of fine lithography technology, electrode fabrication for GHz SAW devices and low-loss filters using unidirectional transducers are described, The lift-off lithography techniques for a 10 GHz SAW IDT using direct wafer electron beam writing are shown. Next, new lithography techniques are reported for a 0.05 μm width IDT with thickness of about 0.03 μm on 128° Y-X LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . SAW experimental results on 10 GHz-range SAW conventional interdigital transducers and filters with an insertion loss of around 15 dB are shown. GHz-range SAW devices, low-loss filters and signal processing are also described
Manifold learning algorithms for localization in wireless sensor networks (2004)

If a dense network of static wireless sensors is deployed to measure a time-varying isotropic random field, then sensor data itself, rather than range measurements using specialized hardware, can be used to estimate a map of sensor locations. Furthermore, distributed and scalable sensor localization algorithms can be derived. We apply the manifold learning algorithms, Isomap, locally linear embedding (LLE), and Hessian LLE (HLLE). The HLLE-based estimator demonstrates the best bias and variance performance, but may not be robust for all random sensor deployments.
Early detection of health and welfare compromises through automated detection of behavioural changes in pigs (2016)

Early detection of health and welfare compromises in commercial piggeries is essential for timely intervention to enhance treatment success, reduce impact on welfare, and promote sustainable pig production. Behavioural changes that precede or accompany subclinical and clinical signs may have diagnostic value. Often referred to as sickness behaviour, this encompasses changes in feeding, drinking, and elimination behaviours, social behaviours, and locomotion and posture. Such subtle changes in behaviour are not easy to quantify and require lengthy observation input by staff, which is impractical on a commercial scale. Automated early-warning systems may provide an alternative by objectively measuring behaviour with sensors to automatically monitor and detect behavioural changes. This paper aims to: (1) review the quantifiable changes in behaviours with potential diagnostic value; (2) subsequently identify available sensors for measuring behaviours; and (3) describe the progress towards automating monitoring and detection, which may allow such behavioural changes to be captured, measured, and interpreted and thus lead to automation in commercial, housed piggeries. Multiple sensor modalities are available for automatic measurement and monitoring of behaviour, which require humans to actively identify behavioural changes. This has been demonstrated for the detection of small deviations in diurnal drinking, deviations in feeding behaviour, monitoring coughs and vocalisation, and monitoring thermal comfort, but not social behaviour. However, current progress is in the early stages of developing fully automated detection systems that do not require humans to identify behavioural changes; e.g., through automated alerts sent to mobile phones. Challenges for achieving automation are multifaceted and trade-offs are considered between health, welfare, and costs, between analysis of individuals and groups, and between generic and compromise-specific behaviours.
Shared UAV enterprise operator pooling framework (SUAVE) chance constrained pooled fan-out queueing analysis (2015)

The number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the Air Force inventory is rapidly increasing without a concomitant increase in manpower. Military planners are currently seeking technologies that enable operators to simultaneously control a greater number of UAVs. The technology planning and recommendation process requires a systems-level engineering analysis of UAV operations and their sensitivity to various constraints. Olsen and Wood introduced a concept called fan-out, which estimates how many operators are required to effectively operate a given set of UAVs. The fan-out concept assumes that UAVs are permanently assigned to a single operator or operator team. We designed a pooled UAV-to-operator team allocation scheme, which allows sharing of operator team resources across the entire UAV fleet. Rather than permanently assigning a given UAV to an operator team, our architecture dynamically allocates operator teams to UAVs on an as-needed basis during multi-UAV operations. We constructed an architecture based on queueing theory to empirically compare pooled and non-pooled performance. Queueing systems analysis of this architecture demonstrates that it performs better than a non-teaming approach. Moreover, our architectural analysis leads to a more general definition of fanout. More importantly, the closed-form queueing analysis is highly efficient, allowing us to analyze a greater number of problem configurations. This greater command of the problem space also offers advantages in determining appropriate autonomy and teaming technologies for further development.
Application of Electronic Transformers in Digital Substation (2008)

Embarking from the sensing principle of electronic transformer, the paper introduced the type and the constitution of electronic current transformer and electronic voltage transformer. By comparing the active and passive optical transformer in our country, we pointed out that the passive optical transformer have excellent measurement quality, it also have the same practical conditions as the active optical transformer. The paper elaborated the application project of electronic transformer in digital substation, and pointed out that the using of electronic transformer would accelerate the application of digital substation from the experiment site to the popularization.
The use of genetic markers to estimate relationships between dogs in the course of criminal investigations (2017)

From a Bayesian clustering algorithm, the most likely number of clusters was two. The average relatedness among the dogs responsible for the aggression was higher than the average relatedness among the other dogs or between the two groups. Taken together, all these results indicate that the two groups of dogs are clearly distinct. Genetic relationships showed that the two groups of dogs were not related. It was therefore unlikely that the murderous dogs belonged to the owner of the parking lot who, on grounds of this and additional evidence, was eventually acquitted.
pH Dependent Encapsulation of Doxorubicin in PLGA (2012)

PLGA nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX.HCl) were prepared using Biodegradable poly (D, L – lactide-co-glycolide) – 75:25, by o/w and w/o/w emulsification solvent evaporation method using PVA (Mol. Wt. 9000) as surfactant. The encapsulation efficiency of the drug in w/o/w emulsification solvent evaporation method was found to be greatly affected by pH when the experiments were carried out at two pH i.e. 7 and 8. The maximum encapsulation efficiency was found to be 79% . Nanoparticles were morphologically characterized using SEM and particle size analyzer. The average size of the particles was 200nm. Doxorubicin attached PLGA was confirmed by FTIR analysis. In vitro drug release analysis was done at pH 7 and pH 7.4.It was found that drug release was faster at pH 7.
Cores in random hypergraphs and Boolean formulas (2005)

Abstract We describe a technique for determining the thresholds for the appearance of cores in random structures. We use it to determine (i) the threshold for the appearance of a k ‐core in a random r ‐uniform hypergraph for all r, k ≥ 2, r + k > 4, and (ii) the threshold for the pure literal rule to find a satisfying assignment for a random instance of r ‐SAT, r ≥ 3. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005
AKOOP - Sistema para autoxestión de cooperativas (2026)

Unha descrición do sistema de autoxestión cooperativo usado en Ako, s.coop.Itd. Unha exposición dunha experiencia práctica da distribución do valor engadido, o organigrama funcional da compañía, a importancia relativa dos diferentes postos e a distribución de responsabilidades. Un sumario dos obxectivos trazados e perseguidos neste sistema de xestión dos recursos humanos.
Measuring aberration of the eye with wavefront technology (2006)

A simple device is used to show both the wave aberration emerging from a model of the eye and the basic principles of measuring wavefront aberration with a Hartmann–Shack aberrometer.
X-chromosome tiling path array detection of copy number variants in patients with chromosome X-linked mental retardation (2007)

This tiling path array of the human X chromosome has proven successful for the detection and characterization of known rearrangements and novel CNVs in XLMR patients.
Enhanced oil recovery using the rotating-disc skimmer (2000)

It is now common practice to use disc skimming systems to recover oil floating on the surface of water. However, the performance of these devices is dependent on a large number of parameters and is certainly not understood completely. This paper describes a fundamental study in which experimental techniques have been developed to enable the performance of model skimmers to be measured. This has enabled the importance of the various parameters to be examined in a more systematic and detailed way than ever before. Based upon an improved understanding of the flow behaviour inherent in the oil collection process, a number of enhanced disc skimming systems are discussed. Results are presented for these systems to show the capabilities of the new forms of disc skimmer when operated as oil recovery devices.
Suppressor T Cells Arising in Mice Undergoing a Graft-vs-Host Response (1977)

Abstract We investigated the ability of mice to generate antibody-forming cells when undergoing a graft-vs-host reaction. (C57BL/6 × DBA/2)F1 mice (BDF1) injected with C57BL/6 spleen cells generated suppressor T cells which inhibit antibody synthesis by BDF1 spleen cells in vitro. These T cells arose from the donor inoculum. They differ from helper T cells in size and they act directly on antigen reactive B cells. The suppressor T cells were specifically directed against components of the H-2 region of the reciprocal parental strain (DBA/2 = H-2d) in the hybrid F1 mouse.
Rapid estimation for parameterized components in high-level synthesis (1993)

An important benefit of high-level synthesis is rapid design space exploration through examination of different design alternatives. However, such design space exploration is not feasible without fast and accurate area and delay estimates of the synthesized designs. These estimates must factor in physical design effects and technology-specific information in order to achieve accuracy. High-level synthesis tools often use abstract, parameterized component generators for describing the synthesized RT design, and thus need to be supported by fast and accurate estimators for these parameterized RT-components. Ideally, one would like to obtain the actual area and delay attributes of each component by constructing (or generating) the designs. However, such constructive methods require excessive run times, prohibiting on-line integration with the tasks of scheduling and allocation. This paper describes a fast (constant-time) method for estimating the area and delay of regular-structured generic RT components that are tuned to a particular technology library. The estimation models are generated using a least-square approximation on a set of sample data points from selected component implementations. The authors performed an extensive set of experiments to validate the estimation technique on combinational as well as sequential RT component generators. The results show a prediction of the area and delay to within 10% of the actual values. These models have also been integrated with a high-level synthesis system to permit on-line estimation of a component's area and delay.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of milligram amounts of 21 deoxyribonucleic acid restriction fragments (1981)

Twenty-one DNA restriction fragments ranging in size from 12 to 880 base pairs (bp) were purified to homogeneity in milligram amounts. The developments which facilitated this work were (a) procedures for the rapid preparation of gram quantities of pure recombinant plasmid DNAs, (b) selective poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) precipitation of DNAs according to broad classes of lengths, and (c) large-scale high-pressure liquid chromatography on RPC-5 for the purification of fragments to homogeneity. The 95- and 301-bp sequences from the lactose control region of Escherichia coli were cloned into the single EcoRI site of pVH51 in up to four copies per plasmid. These tandem inserts are separated by EcoRI sites and have a head to tail orientation in all cases. A total of 50 and 90 mg of th 95- and 301-bp fragments, respectively, were prepared from 300-L fermentations of E. coli cells transformed with these plasmids. A rapid and improved method, which can easily be scaled up, for the purification of plasmids and DNA restriction fragments was developed. Also, the linear pVH51 vector DNA was digested with HaeIII to yield fragments ranging in size from 12 to 880 bp. The five smaller fragments (from 12 to 180 bp) were purified quantitatively by a selective PEG precipitation enrichment step followed by RPC-5 column fractionation. The larger fragments (245-880 bp) were prepared in milligram amounts. Ten subfragments from the 301-bp lac fragment were prepared by HpaII, HinfI, or HaeIII/AluI digestions followed by separation of the reaction products on RPC-5.
A Reflective Approach in the Teaching of Mathematics (1952)

The purpose of this article is to illustrate a reflective approach in the teaching of a topic in mathematics through the study of ideas in contrast or conflict . A word of explanation of the pedagogical principles involved is in order. Ihe technique is essentially one of posing a provocative question at the outset, allowing the class time to consider possible solutions, and, finally, adopting a conclusion. The choice of the question is governed by its potentialities for throwing light on coniflicts in ideas which reveal inadequacies or disharmonies in the outlook of the student. The question may seem to the class to concern something that they already thoroughly understand and will often be such as to etince a definite yes or no response. Ihen the follow-up question comes: How do you know? It is essential to the method that questions come first and conclusions last. Between the question and the conclusion there must be ample time for the class to reflect upon alternative hypotheses which they have formulated in attempting to answer the question. Fundamentally, it is the application of the scientific method in the classroom consideration of problems. It is the antithesis of the telling method of teaching. I shall illustrate the technique by outlining the procedure which might be followed in presenting Maclaurin' s Series. It is assumed that what follows has been immediately preceded by by a study of power series and their properties as well as the ideas of convergence and divergence of series. We may begin by considering the following relations: