gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using a Synthetic Receptor to Create an Optical-Sensing Ensemble for a Class of Analytes:  A Colorimetric Assay for the Aging of Scotch (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTUsing a Synthetic Receptor to Create an Optical-Sensing Ensemble for a Class of Analytes: A Colorimetric Assay for the Aging of ScotchSheryl L. Wiskur and Eric V. AnslynView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 41, 10109–10110Publication Date (Web):September 25, 2001Publication History Received23 July 2001Published online25 September 2001Published inissue 1 October 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja011800shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja011800srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1481Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Gallic acid,Organic compounds,Receptors,Selectivity,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
A New Physical-Layer Network Coding Scheme with Eigen-Direction Alignment Precoding for MIMO Two-Way Relaying (2013)

We investigate efficient communication over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) two-way relay channels (TWRCs), where two multi-antenna users exchange information via a multi-antenna relay. We propose a new MIMO physical-layer network coding (PNC) scheme that includes novel eigen-direction alignment (EDA) precoding. The proposed EDA precoding efficiently aligns the two-user's eigen-modes into the same set of orthogonal directions, and multiple independent PNC streams are implemented over the aligned eigen-modes. We derive an achievable rate-pair of the proposed scheme, for given EDA precoding parameters, over a MIMO TWRC. To maximize the achievable rate-region, we formulate a design criterion for the EDA precoding parameters, and present solutions to the formulation. Closed-form bounds on the sum-rates of the designed EDA-PNC schemes are derived. Numerical results show that there is only a small gap between the achievable rate of the proposed scheme and the capacity upper bound of the MIMO TWRC. It is shown that the proposed scheme can significantly outperforms existing schemes in the literature.
ARAIM Operational Performance Tested in Flight (2014)

This paper presents a flight performance analysis of next generation ARAIM based on GPS and GLONASS dual-frequency data collected during flight trials using DLR’s research aircraft ATTAS. The test results are based on joint PVT and ARAIM post-processing and investigate potential differences between simulated ARAIM performance levels and actual operational performance. The PVT and ARAIM performance is evaluated with respect to positioning accuracy, position error bounding (integrity) and availability of LPV200 (Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance) service during typical arrival and approach maneuvers. This evaluation takes into account operational constraints such as signal outages due to banking. These constraints are not included in analyzes based on static user grids with fixed elevation masks and thus constitute the characteristic feature of this study. To ensure that the performance metrics obtained can be compared with performance simulation results, the error model targeted at future GNSS with L1 and L5 signals is adapted to represent the error model for the data collected, L1 and L2. Compliance with integrity requirements is demonstrated conditioned on a fault-free scenario, which is ensured by post-processing and analyzing the airborne data together with ground reference data. Flight test results are compared with results from a predictive study that estimates ARAIM performance with a simulation for a static user in the vicinity of the airport. The comparability of these results is made possible by adjusting the dual frequency user range error model to the scenario at hand and applying the same SIS error parameters both to the real-data ARAIM processing chain and the simulated scenario.
Post-Newtonian effects of gravity on quantum interferometry (1997)

The effects of general relativistic gravity on quantum mechanics are thoroughly investigated. The Schr\"odinger equation is derived for a nonrelativistic spinless particle and for a spin-$1/2$ particle, with the general relativistic corrections of Earth's gravity up to the first post-Newtonian order, ${O(1/c}^{2})$. The phase differences due to the post-Newtonian corrections in quantum interferometer experiments are also calculated.
<i>CHAINSAW</i>: a program for mutating pdb files used as templates in molecular replacement (2008)

CHAINSAW is a model editing program for use in molecular replacement. Given a sequence alignment between template and target, it modifies the template structure on a residue-by-residue basis by pruning nonconserved residues while leaving conserved residues unchanged. Three degrees of pruning are possible. An internal alignment algorithm is used to cope with any residues that may be missing from the X-ray structure. CHAINSAW has been successfully used as a tool to assist in solving a number of protein structures.
Ghrelin Induces Abdominal Obesity Via GHS-R-Dependent Lipid Retention (2009)

Circulating ghrelin elevates abdominal adiposity by a mechanism independent of its central orexigenic activity. In this study we tested the hypothesis that peripheral ghrelin induces a depot-specific increase in white adipose tissue (WAT) mass in vivo by GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R(1a))-mediated lipolysis. Chronic iv infusion of acylated ghrelin increased retroperitoneal and inguinal WAT volume in rats without elevating superficial sc fat, food intake, or circulating lipids and glucose. Increased retroperitoneal WAT mass resulted from adipocyte enlargement probably due to reduced lipid export (ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 mRNA expression and circulating free fatty acids were halved by ghrelin infusion). In contrast, ghrelin treatment did not up-regulate biomarkers of adipogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 or CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha) or substrate uptake (glucose transporter 4, lipoprotein lipase, or CD36) and although ghrelin elevated sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1c expression, WAT-specific mediators of lipogenesis (liver X receptor-alpha and fatty acid synthase) were unchanged. Adiposity was unaffected by infusion of unacylated ghrelin, and the effects of acylated ghrelin were abolished by transcriptional blockade of GHS-R(1a), but GHS-R(1a) mRNA expression was similar in responsive and unresponsive WAT. Microarray analysis suggested that depot-specific sensitivity to ghrelin may arise from differential fine tuning of signal transduction and/or lipid-handling mechanisms. Acylated ghrelin also induced hepatic steatosis, increasing lipid droplet number and triacylglycerol content by a GHS-R(1a)-dependent mechanism. Our data imply that, during periods of energy insufficiency, exposure to acylated ghrelin may limit energy utilization in specific WAT depots by GHS-R(1a)-dependent lipid retention.
Well-Ordered Microdomain Structures in Polydisperse Poly(styrene)−Poly(acrylic acid) Diblock Copolymers from Controlled Radical Polymerization (2002)

To investigate whether diblock copolymers with substantial distributions of molecular weight and composition can self-assemble into highly regular microdomain structures, we examine the morphologies of polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid), diblock copolymers (PS−PAA) synthesized by controlled radical polymerization in emulsion. Despite diblock polydispersity indices of ca. 2, solvent-cast films of these diblocks, as well as their blends with PS homopolymer of low molecular weight, exhibit well-ordered lamellar or hexagonally packed cylindrical morphologies in the midrange of composition, as shown by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. In several specimens, well-ordered regions of lamellae and cylinders appear to coexist. Films of very asymmetric diblocks or blends exhibit spherical microdomains without lattice order.
Trypsin inhibition by macrocyclic and open-chain variants of the squash inhibitor MCoTI-II (2005)

MCoTI-I and MCoTI-II from the seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis are inhibitors of trypsin-like proteases and the only known members of the large family of squash inhibitors that are cyclic and contain an additional loop connecting the amino- and the carboxy-terminus. To investigate the contribution of macrocycle formation to biological activity, we synthesized a set of open-chain variants of MCoTI-II that lack the cyclization loop and contain various natural and non-natural amino acid substitutions in the reactive-site loop. Upon replacement of P1 lysine residue #10 within the open-chain variant of MCoTI-II by the non-natural isosteric nucleo amino acid AlaG [beta-(guanin-9-yl)-L-alanine], a conformationally restricted arginine mimetic, residual inhibitory activity was detected, albeit reduced by four orders of magnitude. While the cyclic inhibitors MCoTI-I and MCoTI-II were found to be very potent trypsin inhibitors, with picomolar inhibition constants, the open-chain variants displayed an approximately 10-fold lower affinity. These data suggest that the formation of a circular backbone in the MCoTI squash inhibitors results in enhanced affinity and therefore is a determinant of biological activity.
A Method for Designing Conformationally Restricted Analogues Based on Allylic Strain:  Synthesis of a Novel Class of Noncompetitive NMDA Receptor Antagonists Having the Acrylamide Structure (2003)

A series of conformationally restricted analogues of milnacipran, a weak NMDA receptor antagonist, were designed by a method based on allylic strain. The conformational analysis study showed that the allylic-strain-based conformational restriction indeed occurred and that the affinity for the NMDA receptor was efficiently improved by the conformational restriction.
Noninvasive Assessment of Tumor Cell Proliferation in Animal Models (1999)

Revealing the mechanisms of neoplastic disease and enhancing our ability to intervene in these processes requires an increased understanding of cellular and molecular changes as they occur in intact living animal models. We have begun to address these needs by developing a method of labeling tumor cells through constitutive expression of an optical reporter gene, noninvasively monitoring cellular proliferation in vivo using a sensitive photon detection system. A stable line of HeLa cells that expressed a modified firefly luciferase gene was generated, proliferation of these cells in irradiated severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice was monitored. Tumor cells were introduced into animals via subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous inoculation and whole body images, that revealed tumor location and growth kinetics, were obtained. The number of photons that were emitted from the labeled tumor cells and transmitted through murine tissues was sufficient to detect 1×103 cells in the peritoneal cavity, 1×104 cells at subcutaneous sites and 1×106 circulating cells immediately following injection. The kinetics of cell proliferation, as measured by photon emission, was exponential in the peritoneal cavity and at subcutaneous sites. Intravenous inoculation resulted in detectable colonies of tumor cells in animals receiving more than 1×103 cells. Our demonstrated ability to detect small numbers of tumor cells in living animals noninvasively suggests that therapies designed to treat minimal disease states, as occur early in the disease course and after elimination of the tumor mass, may be monitored using this approach. Moreover, it may be possible to monitor micrometastases and evaluate the molecular steps in the metastatic process. Spatiotemporal analyses of neoplasia will improve the predictability of animal models of human disease as study groups can be followed over time, this method will accelerate development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Exploring San Diego (2001)

The beautiful and expansive city of San Diego, which covers more than 20 miles from the Pacific coast to the Altar and Mojave Deserts, is the site of our April 2001 ACS meeting. A number of interesting places in the San Diego area are described.
Ionic grafting (1958)

Abstract Cationic polymerization of isobutene has been carried out in carbon disulfide solution in the presence of AlBr 3 and chloromethylpolystyrene at −60°C. in order to obtain graft copolymers. The separation of the graft copolymers from the reaction mixtures in benzene solution was based on a standardized precipitation technique involving use successively of butanone and methanol as precipitating agents. By this method, fractions with an intermediate solubility have been isolated and purified twice. The differences of solubility of their products are discussed. Their isobutene content and intrinsic viscosities have been determined. The degree of grafting of these products is usually low (5–18%).
Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of vertebrate G1- and S-phase regulators (2001)

Cell-cycle progression in all eukaryotes is driven by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cyclin partners. In vertebrates, the proper and timely duplication of the genome during S-phase relies on the coordinated activities of positive regulators such as CDK-cyclins and E2F, and negative regulators such as CDK inhibitors of the Cip/Kip and INK4 families. Recent and ongoing work indicates that many important regulators of G1- and S-phases are targeted for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. The proteolysis of key proteins during G1- and S-phases appears to be central for proper custodial regulation of DNA replication and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in general. This review highlights the current literature regarding ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of G1- and S-phase regulators and the control of events during the initiation and completion of DNA replication in vertebrates.
Correlation of electronic and structural properties of MBE‐grown AlGaN/GaN heterostructures to Al/N flux ratio during nucleation layer growth (2005)

We have demonstrated that carrier mobility and buffer leakage in MBE-grown AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structures grown on SiC depend sensitively on the Al/N flux ratio during the growth of the AlN nucleation layer (NL). In particular, as the Al/N flux ratio increases from slightly below to slightly above unity, the Hall mobility increases from 1050 cm2/V·s to 1450 cm2/V·s and the buffer leakage increases by three orders of magnitude. Observations by transmission electron microscopy indicate that in structures in which the AlN nucleation layer growth was Al-rich the AlN and GaN layers contain stacking faults, the interface between them is rough, and the near-interface region of the nominally wurtzite-GaN buffer contains regions of cubic material. By contrast, structures in which the AlN NL was grown Al-lean show sharp interfaces between the AlN and GaN layers, and neither stacking faults nor cubic material were observed. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ABSORPTION OF UNDIGESTED PROTEINS IN HUMAN BEINGS (1935)

It has been shown in previous communications 1 that following the ingestion of such proteins as those of fish and eggs, detectable amounts of these substances are absorbed into the circulation in most normal adults. Absorption from the rectum was also demonstrated by the same technic. 1c The present communication deals with an investigation of these phenomena of absorption in infants and children. Egg was chosen as the protein most suitable for study because it is a common constituent of the diet of the average child and is easily administered. The technic employed in this investigation was practically the same as that reported in the previous communications. A brief summary follows: METHODS OF INVESTIGATION Egg in any form was excluded from the diet of the subject on the day that passive local sensitization was induced. This procedure consisted of an intracutaneous injection into the flexor surface of the forearm of
<title>Floating stack arrays: a unified representation of linear and morphological filters</title> (1992)

A gray level image in N dimensions can be mapped into an N + 3-dimensional binary space called a floating stack array. The three added dimensions are a stack decomposition, a neighborhood window, and a stack decomposition of a kernel associated with that window. All popular linear and nonlinear translation invariant operators can be represented as a sequence of projections and cross-sections of the floating stack array along various hyperplanes. The operators that can be represented include 2- and 3-dimensional morphology, gray level hit- and-miss transforms, rank order filters, generalized rank order filters, convolutions, and neural networks on an image space.
View direction, surface orientation and texture orientation for perception of surface shape (2004)

Textures are commonly used to enhance the representation of shape in non-photorealistic rendering applications such as medical drawings. Textures that have elongated linear elements appear to be superior to random textures in that they can, by the way they conform to the surface, reveal the surface shape. We observe that shape following hache marks commonly used in cartography and copper-plate illustration are locally similar to the effect of the lines that can be generated by the intersection of a set of parallel planes with a surface. We use this as a basis for investigating the relationships between view direction, texture orientation and surface orientation in affording surface shape perception. We report two experiments using parallel plane textures. The results show that textures constructed from planes more nearly orthogonal to the line of sight tend to be better at revealing surface shape. Also, viewing surfaces from an oblique view is much better for revealing surface shape than viewing them from directly above. Key words: Surface shape perception, textures, visualization, shape from texture.
Coincidence Measurement of Gamma Rays Following the 76As Decay (1979)

The 76Se nuclear structure has been studied by γγ coincidence following the radioactive decay of 76As, using two high resolution Ge(Li) detectors. A level scheme is constructed, in which 32 gamma-ray transitions were placed into 15 energy levels. The result agrees with the decay scheme determined previously with NaI-Ge(Li) coincidences.
Special Report (1981)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSpecial ReportR. GRAHAM COOKS and GARY L. GLISHView Author Information Purdue University Oak Ridge National LaboratoryCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1981, 59, 48, 40–52Publication Date (Print):November 30, 1981Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 30 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v059n048.p040https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v059n048.p040newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1981 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Ions,Mass spectrometers,Mass spectrometry,Mixtures Get e-Alerts
Living Anionic Polymerization of Styrene Derivatives Containing Triphenylamine Moieties through Introduction of Protecting Group (2010)

We carried out the anionic polymerization of styrene derivatives containing the triphenylamine moieties, 4,4′-vinylphenyltriphenylamine (A) and 4,4′-vinylphenyl-N,N-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)benzenamine (B), with a variety of initiators in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at −78 °C. The anionic polymerization of A was performed with sec-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium with additives, and (diphenylmethyl)potassium in THF at −78 °C. In all cases, an intermolecular side reaction took place between the polymer chains during polymerization. In contrast, the anionic polymerization of B was carried out successfully with sec-butyllithium and potassium naphthalenide in THF at −78 °C for 0.5 h without any observed intermolecular side reaction. Well-defined poly(B)s with predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.05−1.11) were obtained. The sequential block copolymerization of B with styrene and 2-vinylpyridine was attempted subsequently, and the well-defined block copolymers, polystyrene-b-poly(B) and poly(B)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine), were synthesized quantitatively. The solubilities as well as the thermal and optical properties of the resulting poly(B) were investigated.