gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
21.1: Ink Jet Printing of Passive‐Matrix Polymer Light Emitting Displays (2002)

Abstract The requirement and characteristics for red, green and blue (RGB) electroluminescent polymers[1,2] suitable for fabricating monochrome and full‐color passive‐matrix polymer display[3] will be discussed. The controlled deposition of the light‐emitting polymers is accomplished through the use of high‐resolution ink jet printing[4,5], where the materials are first tested in devices prepared using spincoating techniques. The specifications for polymer materials, as well as the display design which must be taken into account to make a high‐resolution passive‐matrix display with low power consumption are presented.
Population Fluctuations and Distributional Controls of Callianassa californiensis: Effect on the Sedimentary Record (1992)

Ichnofabric analysis is limited by insufficient data on the interplay of biological and physical processes in modern habitats to provide an actualistic basis for interpretation. For example, although callianassid shrimp have been active and abundant burrowers since the Mesozoic, there have been few studies delinating the impact on population size fluctuations or changes in sedimentary regime on the ichnofabric preserved in the sedimentary record
Cross‐sectional and In‐plane coronary vessel wall imaging using a local inversion prepulse and spiral read‐out: A comparison between 1.5 and 3 tesla (2011)

Although excellent in-plane coronary vessel wall images can be acquired at 3T, the overall robustness may be affected by off-resonance blurring due to increased B0 inhomogeneity compared with 1.5T.
Organic/inorganic nanocomposite materials by electrospinning and their properties (2007)

Stony Brook University Libraries.\nSBU Graduate School in Materials Science and Engineering.\nLawrence Martin (Dean of Graduate School), Professor Michael Dudley, Advisor\nDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Professor Dilip Gersappe\nDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Professor Yimei Zhu\nDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Dr. Xiaoqing Yang\nDepartment of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY.
Accelerated MRI with CIRcular Cartesian UnderSampling (CIRCUS): a variable density Cartesian sampling strategy for compressed sensing and parallel imaging. (2014)

The proposed undersampling patterns for 3D Cartesian acquisition possess the desirable properties of randomization and radial or spiral trajectories. It provides easy implementation, flexible sampling, and high accuracy of image reconstruction with CS and PI.
Asymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder reaction catalyzed by a chiral organoaluminum reagent (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder reaction catalyzed by a chiral organoaluminum reagentKeiji. Maruoka, Takayuki. Itoh, Tadashi. Shirasaka, and Hisashi. YamamotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 1, 310–312Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00209a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00209a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2285Altmetric-Citations253LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The cloning, genetic mapping, and expression of the constitutive sucrose synthase locus of maize (1986)

Two differentially expressed genes encode isoenzymes of sucrose synthase in Zea mays. A clone of the shrunken 1 (Sh1) locus, the structural gene for the major endosperm form of sucrose synthase, was used to isolate a genomic clone of constitutive sucrose synthase (Css), the structural gene for the isoenzyme expressed in embryo and other tissues. The Css clone was positively identified by RNA blot analysis of RNA from wild type and a sh1 deletion stock and by analysis of the in vitro translation product of hybrid-selected mRNA. Southern blot analysis of DNA from monosomic plants derived from an r-x1 stock, coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping, placed the Css gene 32 map units from Sh1 on chromosome 9. In seedling tissues, Css mRNA is present at higher levels than Sh1 mRNA. Expression of both Sh1 and Css in root tissue is enhanced by anaerobic conditions, although Css is induced to a lesser extent than is Sh1. Thus, Css appears to be expressed constitutively, whereas Sh1 is expressed at high levels only in response to specific developmental and environmental stimuli.
Binding of intimin from enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> to Tir and to host cells (1999)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) induce characteristic attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions on epithelial cells. This event is mediated, in part, by binding of the bacterial outer membrane protein, intimin, to a second EPEC protein, Tir (translocated intimin receptor), which is exported by the bacteria and integrated into the host cell plasma membrane. In this study, we have localized the intimin-binding domain of Tir to a central 107-amino-acid region, designated Tir-M. We provide evidence that both the amino- and carboxy-termini of Tir are located within the host cell. In addition, using immunogold labelling electron microscopy, we have confirmed that intimin can bind independently to host cells even in the absence of Tir. This Tir-independent interaction and the ability of EPEC to induce A/E lesions requires an intact lectin-like module residing at the carboxy-terminus of the intimin polypeptide. Using the yeast two-hybrid system and gel overlays, we show that intimin can bind both Tir and Tir-M even when the lectin-like domain is disrupted. These data provide strong evidence that intimin interacts not only with Tir but also in a lectin-like manner with a host cell intimin receptor.
Disulfide-Dependent Multimeric Assembly of Resistin Family Hormones (2004)

Resistin, founding member of the resistin-like molecule (RELM) hormone family, is secreted selectively from adipocytes and induces liver-specific antagonism of insulin action, thus providing a potential molecular link between obesity and diabetes. Crystal structures of resistin and RELMbeta reveal an unusual multimeric structure. Each protomer comprises a carboxy-terminal disulfide-rich beta-sandwich "head" domain and an amino-terminal alpha-helical "tail" segment. The alpha-helical segments associate to form three-stranded coiled coils, and surface-exposed interchain disulfide linkages mediate the formation of tail-to-tail hexamers. Analysis of serum samples shows that resistin circulates in two distinct assembly states, likely corresponding to hexamers and trimers. Infusion of a resistin mutant, lacking the intertrimer disulfide bonds, in pancreatic-insulin clamp studies reveals substantially more potent effects on hepatic insulin sensitivity than those observed with wild-type resistin. This result suggests that processing of the intertrimer disulfide bonds may reflect an obligatory step toward activation.
The Development of Control Unit in Automotive Electric Power Steering System (2009)

Electric power steering system (EPS) uses an electric motor to provide essential control to the driver. The EPS system uses variable assist, that provides more assistance as the speed of a vehicle decreases, on the contrary, it provides less assistance. This functionality requires a delicate balance of power and control that has only been available in recent years. The EPS system has been used to replace traditional hydraulic power steering system (HPS), EPS systems are used in high-end and low-end vehicles widely, they are destined to become mainstream among automotive manufacturers soon. In this paper, the control unit of the column assist type EPS system with a DC motor is presented. The hardware circuit, coupled with the appropriate software development, can effectively meet the needs of the electric power steering system.
And then there were acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyl transferase inhibitors (2006)

In our opinion, the consistent negative findings in recent clinical trials have virtually eliminated the chances for this class of drugs to be introduced for cardiovascular prevention. Possible strategies focused on selective ACAT 2 inhibition or the combination of ACAT inhibitors with compounds that stimulate reverse cholesterol transport may prove to have clinical benefit. This will have to await further clinical research in humans, however, as, obviously, rodent models cannot provide reliable data as to the efficacy of this class of drugs in humans.
Surgical treatment of epilepsy induced by gray matter heterotopia (2009)

Objective To explore the relationship between gray matter heterotopia and epilepsy and assess the therapeutic effect of surgical intervention. Methods Six cases of gray matter heterotopia-induced epilepsy treated in our department between May, 2004 and May, 2006 were analyzed retrospectively for the clinical characteristics, surgical approaches, and the outcomes in the 2- to 4-year-long follow-up. Results All the patients received surgical interventions through different approaches, including resection of the heterotopic gray matter plus bipolar coagulation of the cortexes in 4 cases, heterotopic gray matter resection with bipolar coagulation of the cortexes and temporal lobectomy in 1 case, and exclusive bipolar coagulation of the cortexes in 1 case. Five patients were free of seizure attach and 1 patient showed significantly reduced seizure attack after the operation. Conclusion Surgical intervention can be effective for treatment of intractable epilepsy induced by gray matter heterotopia.

Key words: 
Gray matter heterotopia;  Epilepsy;  Surgical procedures
Ultranarrow spectral linewidth (3.6 kHz) corrugation-pitch-modulated strained multiquantum well distributed feedback laser (1993)

Narrow spectral linewidth lasers are necessary for coherent transmission systems, and linewidth less than 100 kHz have been achieved by a long-cavity corrugation-pitch- modulated distributed feedback (CPM-DFB) laser with a lattice-matched multiquantum well (MQW) active layer [1], a long-cavity distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser with a strained MQW active layer [2], and a long-cavity DFB laser with a strained MQW active layer. This paper describes how the narrowest spectral linewidth yet reported is achieved by introducing a strained MQW active layer into a CPM-DFB laser.
Spectroscopic investigations to reveal the nature of interactions between the haem protein myoglobin and the dye rhodamine 6G (2011)

In the present investigation, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence with the combination of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic techniques were applied to study the interactions of the well-known dye rhodamine 6 G (R6G) with the haem protein human myoglobin (Mb). From the analysis of the results it appears that the static type of fluorescence quenching mechanism is primarily involved, due to ground-state interactions. Although considerable overlapping of fluorescence emission of the dye R6G with the absorption of Mb in the Q-band region exists, the possibility of occurrences of the excitational singlet-singlet non-radiative energy transfer process from R6G to Mb appears to be unlikely, according to time-resolved fluorescence measurements. From the determinations of the thermodynamic parameters, it was apparent that the combined effect of van der Waals' interactions and hydrogen bonding plays a vital role in Mb-R6G interactions. Induced circular dichroism (ICD) studies demonstrate the possibility of interactions between R6G and Mb. The binding constants, number of binding sites and thermodynamic parameters have been computed. From CD measurements it is apparent that the binding of the dye R6G with the haem protein Mb induces negligible conformational changes in the protein and Mb retains its secondary structure and helicity when it interacts with R6G. The present detailed studies on the interactions with Mb should be helpful in further advancement of medical diagnostics and biotechnology.
Biological Activity of the Labdane Diterpenes* (1999)

Biological activity of diterpenes of the labdane skeleton, isolated from the terrestrial plants and marine sources during the last ten years has been reviewed.
Influence of interfacial elasticity on liquid entrainment in thin foam films (2018)

Thin-film experiments with an interferometric apparatus show an absence of a strong relationship between interfacial elasticity and liquid entrainment in thin foam films, which can affect rational design of aesthetic and tactile properties in foaming consumer products.
Disappearing Cryptography: Information Hiding: Steganography and Watermarking (2008)

Cryptology is the practice of hiding digital information by means of various obfuscatory and steganographic techniques. The application of said techniques facilitates message confidentiality and sender/receiver identity authentication, and helps to ensure the integrity and security of computer passwords, ATM card information, digital signatures, DVD and HDDVD content, and electronic commerce. Cryptography is also central to digital rights management (DRM), a group of techniques for technologically controlling the use of copyrighted material that is being widely implemented and deployed at the behest of corporations that own and create revenue from the hundreds of thousands of mini-transactions that take place daily on programs like iTunes.

This new edition of our best-selling book on cryptography and information hiding delineates a number of different methods to hide information in all types of digital media files. These methods include encryption, compression, data embedding and watermarking, data mimicry, and scrambling. During the last 5 years, the continued advancement and exponential increase of computer processing power have enhanced the efficacy and scope of electronic espionage and content appropriation. Therefore, this edition has amended and expanded outdated sections in accordance with new dangers, and includes 5 completely new chapters that introduce newer more sophisticated and refined cryptographic algorithms and techniques (such as fingerprinting, synchronization, and quantization) capable of withstanding the evolved forms of attack. 

Each chapter is divided into sections, first providing an introduction and high-level summary for those who wish to understand the concepts without wading through technical explanations, and then presenting concrete examples and greater detail for those who want to write their own programs. This combination of practicality and theory allows programmers and system designers to not only implement tried and true encryption procedures, but also consider probable future developments in their designs, thus fulfilling the need for preemptive caution that is becoming ever more explicit as the transference of digital media escalates.


* Includes 5 completely new chapters that delineate the most current and sophisticated cryptographic algorithms, allowing readers to protect their information against even the most evolved electronic attacks.

* Conceptual tutelage in conjunction with detailed mathematical directives allows the reader to not only understand encryption procedures, but also to write programs which anticipate future security developments in their design.

* Grants the reader access to online source code which can be used to directly implement proven cryptographic procedures such as data mimicry and reversible grammar generation into their own work.
High-level design for asynchronous logic (2001)

Asynchronous, self-timed, logic is often eschewed in digital design because of its ad-hoc methodologies and lack of available design tools. This paper describes a complete High Level Design flow for asynchronous circuits based on Register Transfer Level (RTL) VHDL using commercial simulation and synthesis tools. Contrary to previous asynchronous approaches, the proposed RTL methodology closely resembles familiar synchronous design styles.
A novel precursor for synthesis of pure boron nitride nanotubesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: (a) experimental apparatus and details; (b) Fig. S2, XRD pattern of BN nanotubes; (c) XRD pattern of the product formed by dispersive Mg at the surface of the graphite susceptor; (d) Fig. S4, EELS spectrum of BN nanotubes; (e) Fig. S5, selected-area electron diffraction; (f) Fig. S6, EDS analysis of open tip. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b202177c/ (2002)

A novel precursor, a mixture of B2O2 and Mg which is generated in situ by reacting B and MgO at 1300 degrees C, can be used to effectively synthesize bulk amounts of pure BN nanotubes with Mg evaporated from the final product; transmission electron microscope observation for the synthesized BN nanotubes indicates that defects present strongly depend on the tube diameter.
All-nanofiber–based, ultrasensitive, gas-permeable mechanoacoustic sensors for continuous long-term heart monitoring (2020)

The prolonged and continuous monitoring of mechanoacoustic heart signals is essential for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. These bodily acoustics have low intensity and low frequency, and measuring them continuously for long periods requires ultrasensitive, lightweight, gas-permeable mechanoacoustic sensors. Here, we present an all-nanofiber mechanoacoustic sensor, which exhibits a sensitivity as high as 10,050.6 mV Pa<sup>-1</sup> in the low-frequency region (<500 Hz). The high sensitivity is achieved by the use of durable and ultrathin (2.5 µm) nanofiber electrode layers enabling a large vibration of the sensor during the application of sound waves. The sensor is ultralightweight, and the overall weight is as small as 5 mg or less. The devices are mechanically robust against bending, and show no degradation in performance even after 1,000-cycle bending. Finally, we demonstrate a continuous long-term (10 h) measurement of heart signals with a signal-to-noise ratio as high as 40.9 decibels (dB).
Anti-Salmonella activity of Terminalia belerica: in vitro and in vivo studies. (2008)

To search for an herbal remedy for protection against and treatment for typhoid fever, a number of plants were screened. Anti-Salmonella activity of Terminalia belerica, an ingredient of Ayurvedic preparation 'triphala' used for treatment of digestive and liver disorders, has been reported. Fruits of T. belerica were extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, alcohol and water and efficacy of extracts against Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhimurium was evaluated. Alcoholic and water extracts of T. belerica showed significant anti-Salmonella activity and MIC was 12.5 mg/ml against S. typhimurium. Aqueous extracts of Picrohiza kurroa and Vitits vinefera also showed low anti-Salmonella activity where as aqueous extracts of Asparagus racemosus and Zingiber officinale showed no anti-Salmonella activity. Extracts of T. belerica, Picrohiza kurroa and Vitits vinefera with other solvents such as chloroform and petroleum ether showed insignificant activity. Results showed that aqueous extract of T. belerica was bactericidal at high concentrations where as low concentrations showed bacteriostatic property. In vitro cellular toxicity studies showed no cyto-toxicity associated with T. belerica extracts. Pretreatment of mice with aqueous extract of T. belerica conferred protection against experimental Salmonellosis and 100% survival of animals has been reported when challenged with lethal doses of S. typhimurium.
Mono‐ und Bis(η<sup>1</sup>‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)silane – Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften (1988)

Abstract Durch nucleophile Substitutionsreaktionen am vierwertigen Silicium werden die η 1 ‐Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl‐substituierten Verbindungen Me 5 C 5 SiX 3 [mit X = F ( 1 ), Br ( 2 ) und H ( 3 )] und Me 5 C 5 Si(R)Cl 2 [mit R = Alkyl oder Aryl ( 4–11 )] hergestellt. Nach demselben Prinzip können auch die zweifach η 1 ‐Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl‐substituierten Verbindungen (Me 5 C 5 ) 2 ‐SiHX [mit X = Cl ( 12 ), H ( 13 ) und NH 2 ( 14 )] und die Fluorverbindung (Me 5 C 5 ) 2 SiF 2 ( 15 ) dargestellt werden. Die Dihalogensilane (Me 5 C 5 ) 2 SiCl 2 ( 16 ) und (Me 5 C 5 ) 2 SiBr 2 ( 17 ) sind nicht auf dem direkten Weg durch Umsetzung der Tetrahalogensilane mit Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl‐Transfer‐Agentien zugänglich. Sie werden aus den Tetramethylcyclopentadienyl‐substituierten Silanen (Me 4 HC 5 ) 2 SiHal 2 ( 18 und 19 ) durch Metallierung und anschließende Alkylierung hergestellt. Die Moleküldynamik von 1–17 (beruhend auf sigmatropen Umlagerungen der Silylgruppen) wird qualitativ und für einige Fälle auch quantitativ anhand von DNMR‐Experimenten und Linienformanalysen beschrieben. Einige Eigenschaften der dargestellten Verbindungen [Stabilität gegenüber Hydrolyse ( 11, 15, 16 ) und Kondensation ( 14 )] sowie die Daten der Röntgenstruktur‐Analysen von 15 und 16 bestätigen den großen Raumbedarf der σ‐gebundenen Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl‐Liganden.
Decentralized Policy Gradient Descent Ascent for Safe Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (2021)

This paper deals with distributed reinforcement learning problems with safety constraints. In particular, we consider that a team of agents cooperate in a shared environment, where each agent has its individual reward function and safety constraints that involve all agents' joint actions. As such, the agents aim to maximize the team-average long-term return, subject to all the safety constraints. More intriguingly, no central controller is assumed to coordinate the agents, and both the rewards and constraints are only known to each agent locally/privately. Instead, the agents are connected by a peer-to-peer communication network to share information with their neighbors. In this work, we first formulate this problem as a distributed constrained Markov decision process (D-CMDP) with networked agents. Then, we propose a decentralized policy gradient (PG) method, Safe Dec-PG, to perform policy optimization based on this D-CMDP model over a network. Convergence guarantees, together with numerical results, showcase the superiority of the proposed algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first decentralized PG algorithm that accounts for the coupled safety constraints with a quantifiable convergence rate in multi-agent reinforcement learning. Finally, we emphasize that our algorithm is also novel in solving a class of decentralized stochastic nonconvex-concave minimax optimization problems, where both the algorithm design and corresponding theoretical analysis are of independent interest.