gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrathecal administration of recombinant human superoxide dismutase 1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A preliminary safety and pharmacokinetic study (1997)

We undertook a safety and pharmacokinetic study of intrathecal (i.t.) recombinant human superoxide dismutase (rhSOD1). We administered rhSOD1 as an acute bolus in three sheep and 16 human subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Two sheep received chronic i.t. infusion of rhSOD1 (one at 17.7 mg per day, the second at 38.0 mg per day) for six months. Two of the 16 subjects had familial ALS and mutations in the gene for Cu/Zn SOD1. They both received i.t. infusion of rhSOD1 (5 to 10 mg per day) for 3 to 6 months. Intrathecal rhSOD1 administration was safe. Bolus i.t. administration of 0.25 mg rhSOD1 in sheep revealed a mean elimination half-life of 0.4 (SD +/- 0.06) hours, clearance of 12.2 +/- 3.2 ml per hour, and volume of distribution of 7.3 +/- 0.9 ml. After chronic i.t. infusion, the initial alpha-phase half-life was estimated as 1.2 hours and the extended beta-phase half-life was 15.0 hours. The mean clearance rate was 25.9 ml per hour and the steady-state volume of distribution was 920.6 ml. Bolus i.t. administration of 20 micrograms of rhSOD1 in ALS subjects revealed a mean elimination half-life of 2.2 +/- 0.8 hours, clearance of 1.2 +/- 0.6 ml per hour, and volume of distribution of 3.5 +/- 0.4 ml. With chronic i.t. infusion of 5 mg per day, cerebrospinal SOD1 levels increased approximately fortyfold. We detected no benefit of this treatment in the two patients with familial ALS.
Lys91 and His90 of the alpha-subunit are crucial for receptor binding and hormone action of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and play hormone-specific roles in FSH and human chorionic gonadotropin (1995)

Glycoprotein hormones, FSH, LH, CG, and TSH, consist of a common alpha-subunit and a hormone-specific beta-subunit. Both subunits are thought to interact with the hormone receptors. Although several C-terminal residues of hCG alpha are known to contact the LH/CG receptor, little is known about the roles of individual C-terminal residues of FSH alpha. In this report, substitutions of various amino acids for the penultimate Lys91 and the upstream His90 of the alpha-subunit demonstrate that these two residues of FSH alpha are important for high affinity receptor binding and hormone action to induce cAMP production. In contrast, the same residues of hCG alpha are more important for cAMP induction than for high affinity receptor binding. Some substitutions significantly improved receptor binding of FSH and hCG, whereas others were detrimental. Some had the same effect on both hormones, and others impacted differently. Particularly, the substitution of Val for alpha Lys91 resulted in an improved receptor binding of and a loss of cAMP induction by FSH and hCG. On the other hand, the substitution of Arg or Pro for alpha His90 abolished receptor binding of FSH, but not of hCG. These results allowed us to generate an antagonist to FSH. Our results indicate that alpha His90 and alpha Lys91 play roles in receptor binding and cAMP induction of FSH and hCG in strikingly different ways. They will be useful to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for the interaction of FSH and hCG with their complementary receptors as well as for receptor activation.
Sublytic C5b-9 Complexes Induce Apoptosis of Glomerular Mesangial Cells in Rats with Thy-1 Nephritis through Role of Interferon Regulatory Factor-1-dependent Caspase 8 Activation (2012)

The apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) in rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N), a model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, is accompanied by sublytic C5b-9 deposition, but the mechanism of sublytic C5b-9-mediated GMC apoptosis has not been elucidated. In the present study, the gene expression profiles both in the GMC stimulated by sublytic C5b-9 and the rat renal tissue of Thy-1N were detected using microarrays. Among the co-up-regulated genes, the up-regulation of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) was further confirmed. Increased caspase 8 and caspase 3 expression and caspase 8 promoter activity in the GMC were also identified. Meanwhile, overexpression or knockdown of IRF-1 not only enhanced or inhibited GMC apoptosis and caspase 8 and 3 induction but also increased or decreased caspase 8 promoter activity, respectively. The element of IRF-1 binding to the caspase 8 promoter was first revealed. Furthermore, silencing IRF-1 or repressing the activation of caspases 8 and 3 significantly reduced GMC apoptosis, including other pathologic changes of Thy-1N. These novel findings indicate that GMC apoptosis of Thy-1N is associated with the IRF-1-activated caspase 8 pathway.
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide (GO) by Modified Hummers Method and Its Thermal Reduction to Obtain Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)* (2017)

Over the span of years, improvements over various synthesis methods of graphene are constantly pursued to provide safer and more effective alternatives. Though the extraction of graphene through Hummers method is one of the oldest techniques yet it is one of the most suitable methods for the formation of bulk graphene. Graphene can be obtained in the form of reduced Graphite oxide, sometimes also referred as Graphene oxide. The effectiveness of this oxidation process can be evaluated by the magnitude of carbon/oxygen ratio of the obtained graphene. Here, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by oxidizing the purified natural flake graphite (NFG) by a modified Hummers method. The attempts have been made to synthesize GO having few layers by using a modified Hummers method where the amount of NaNO3 has been decreased, and the amount of KMnO4 is increased. The reaction has been performed in a 9:1 (by volume) mixture of H2SO4/H3PO4. This modification is successful in increasing the reaction yield and reducing the toxic gas evolution while using a varied proportion of KMnO4 and H2SO4 as those required by Hummers method. A new component of K2S2O8 has been introduced to the reaction system to maintain the pH value. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was thereafter extracted by thermal modification of GO. Here, GO has been used as a precursor for graphene synthesis by thermal reduction processes. The results of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy analysis show that the NFG when oxidized by strong oxidants like KMnO4 and NaNO3, introduced oxygen atoms into the graphite layers and formed bonds like C=O, C-H, COOH and C-O-C with the carbon atoms in the graphite layers. The structure and morphology of both GO and rGO were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Comparison of Native Extracellular Matrix with Adsorbed Protein Films Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (2006)

In the past decade, the temperature-responsive behavior of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAM) has come to be recognized as a convenient method for the nondestructive harvest of confluent cell layers. Recently, we have utilized this nondestructive cell harvest method as a means to ascertain the nature of the extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted from cells. In this work, we compare the ECM obtained after cell liftoff to individual ECM proteins adsorbed directly onto RF-plasma-deposited pNIPAM (ppNIPAM). Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we find that the composition of ppNIPAM post-cell liftoff surfaces is consistent with those of the ppNIPAM post-protein adsorption surface, both of which differ from control surfaces. Using principal component analysis of positive-ion time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) data, we show that the major ECM proteins examined can effectively be identified from their amino acid compositions. By comparing the positive-ion ToF-SIMS data from each of the ppNIPAM post-protein adsorption surfaces to that of ppNIPAM post-cell liftoff, we find that ppNIPAM post-cell liftoff surfaces are distinctly separate from fibronectin (FN). This result is consistent with our previous observation using immunoassay that FN is clearly associated with the cell sheet after low-temperature liftoff from ppNIPAM.
Analytical calculation of the no-load flux density in the stator core of slotless SPM machines (2013)

Slotless Surface Permanent Magnet (SPM) machines are used is some applications where the torque ripple and / or the additional losses due to slotting need to be eliminated. These machines have a geometric structure allowing for an accurate analytical solution for the magnetic fields, which is desirable especially for optimization purposes. This paper derives an analytical formula for the flux density in the stator core of slotless SPM machines during no-load operation. The derived formula is assessed by comparison with Finite Element (FE) analysis. It is shown how it can be used for the computation of no-load core losses including rotational eddy current effects. The method proposed can be naturally extended to determine the core field due to armature reaction as well.
Regioselectivity in methylation and phenylation of the zwitterionic pyrido[2,1‐<i>f]‐as</i>‐triazinium‐1‐ and 3‐olates and thiolates (1988)

Abstract Substituted derivatives of the title ring system have been synthesized and the regioselectivity in methylation and phenylation of the zwitterionic pyrido[2,1‐ f ]‐ as ‐triazinium 1‐ and 3‐olates 4a‐g and 10 and thiolates 7a,b and 12 has been studied by nmr techniques. Depending on the soft or hard nature of the used reagent (methyl iodide, trimethyloxonium hexafluorophosphate or diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate), the reaction yielded NMe 5 and/or OMe 6,11a and NPh 14 or OPh 11b products in the case of olates; while thiolates gave NMe 8 and/or SMe 9,13a and SPh 13b, 15 compounds. Mechanistic suggestions are given to rationalize the observed phenomena.
Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory deficits and other cognitive disturbances. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by the progressive loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons that innervate the hippocampus and cortex and the abnormal extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β and intracellular tau protein. Current research on AD is focused on the mechanisms underlying the abnormal oligomerization, fibrillation, and accumulation of the amyloid-β and tau proteins, mechanisms that may alter the dynamics of this accumulation and on experimental therapeutics approaches aimed at the clearance of the abnormally folded proteins and other potentially neuroprotective interventions. This review will summarize the main areas of investigation in AD and present ways forward for future work.
TEM Study of Electrochemical Cycling‐Induced Damage and Disorder in LiCoO2 Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (1999)

Among lithium transition metal oxides used as intercalation electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries, is considered to be the most stable in the structure type. It has previously been believed that cation ordering is unaffected by repeated electrochemical removal and insertion. We have conducted direct observations, at the particle scale, of damage and cation disorder induced in cathodes by electrochemical cycling. Using transmission electron microscopy imaging and electron diffraction, it was found that (i) individual particles in a cathode cycled from 2.5 to 4.35 V against a Li anode are subject to widely varying degrees of damage; (ii) cycling induces severe strain, high defect densities, and occasional fracture of particles; and (iii) severely strained particles exhibit two types of cation disorder, defects on octahedral site layers (including cation substitutions and vacancies) as well as a partial transformation to spinel tetrahedral site ordering. The damage and cation disorder are localized and have not been detected by conventional bulk characterization techniques such as X‐ray or neutron diffraction. Cumulative damage of this nature may be responsible for property degradation during overcharging or in long‐term cycling of rechargeable lithium batteries. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
IL-15 promotes cytokine production of human T helper cells (1996)

IL-15 is a newly identified cytokine that has T cell and B cell growth factor activity similar to that of IL-2. In this study, a novel biologic function of IL-15 to promote cytokine production by human Th cells has been elucidated. Dermatophagoides farinae 11 (a major allergen of house dust mite)-specific human T cell clones produced IL-5 in response to recombinant human IL-15 as well as to either anti-CD3 or IL-2 stimulation. IL-5 mRNA became detectable 3 h after IL-15 stimulation and reached a maximum at 9 h. Human IL-5 promoter/enhancer-luciferase gene construct transfected to T cell clones was clearly transcribed in response to IL-15, indicating that the approximately 500-bp human IL-5 promoter/enhancer segment 5' upstream of the coding region sufficiently responded to IL-15. IL-15-induced IL-5 synthesis was completely inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A, suggesting the involvement of tyrosine kinases in the signal transduction leading to IL-5 synthesis as well as to proliferation of T cells induced by IL-15. Whereas IL-5 production by human peripheral T cells was abolished by the addition of anti-IL-2-neutralizing Abs into the culture, IL-15 restored the IL-5 synthesis despite effective IL-2 neutralization. IL-15 produced at the site of allergic inflammation may play a role in the recruitment and activation of eosinophils by inducing IL-5 (a Th2 cytokine) production by T cells.
Maternal Smoking and DNA Methylation in Newborns: <i>In Utero</i> Effect or Epigenetic Inheritance? (2014)

Smoking cessation in early pregnancy may negate effects on methylation. Analyses of maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring health outcomes, including cancer, limited to ever smoking might miss true associations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(6); 1007-17. ©2014 AACR.
Research on the supervision management systems based on. NET (2013)

This article mainly introduced the design and realization of supervision management system based on B / S mode and developed by ASP. NET,including requirements analysis,system design and system implementation. It puts forward the concept of project templates and documents match tasks. The system has three roles,supervision director,engineers and administrator,realizes functions like creating a project template,distributing,collaborating,completing tasks. It is helpful to realize informatization,specialization and standardization of the supervision industry.
Genetic Analysis of NIDDM: The Study of Quantitative Traits (1996)

Many studies are in progress worldwide to elucidate the genetics of NIDDM. Nevertheless, few articles are available that combine the interdisciplinary fields of medicine, genetics, physiology, and statistics in order to provide the scientific rationale for such an endeavor. Here we describe the methodology and background necessary to study the genetics of NIDDM and discuss how to analyze the data. We also provide a detailed bibliography for researchers and a glossary for those who are not experts in the field. In particular, we wish to emphasize the analysis of intermediate quantitative traits as a means to dissect the genetic basis of NIDDM.
Leader-Follower Formation Control of Multiple Non-holonomic Mobile Robots Incorporating a Receding-horizon Scheme (2009)

In this paper we present a receding-horizon leader—follower (RH-LF) control framework to solve the formation problem of multiple non-holonomic mobile robots with a rapid error convergence rate. To maintain the desired leader—follower relationship, we propose a separation—bearing—orientation scheme (SBOS) for two-robot formations and separation—separation—orientation scheme (SSOS) for three-robot formations in deriving the desired postures of the followers. Unlike the other leader—follower approaches in the existing literature, the orientation deviations between the leaders and followers are explicitly controlled in our framework, which enables us to successfully solve formation controls when robots move backwards, which is termed as a formation backwards problem in this paper. Further, we propose to incorporate the receding-horizon scheme into our leader—follower controller to yield a fast convergence rate of the formation tracking errors. Experiments are finally performed on a group of mobile robots to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed formation control framework.
[Synovial angiogenesis]. (1993)

Synovial angiogenesis i.e. the formation of new capillaries from pre-existent capillaries, is a prominent feature of articular inflammation. Since its regulation is tightly controlled, angiogenesis should disappear after recovery from acute episode. However, it may persist in chronic synovial inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Thus RA should be considered as an "angiogenic disease". This is the result of biochemical events which have contributed to the breakdown of the extracellular matrix and to the release of angiogenic factors in the local micro-environment. The growth of the pannus is dependent on the local angiogenesis which contributes to the destruction of joint cartilage. The development of inhibitors of synovial angiogenesis could offer a new therapeutic hope in RA.
Safe and Effective Abdominal Pressure During Colonoscopy (2009)

Safe and effective colonoscopies may depend on several factors. The technique of the physician, effectiveness of the preparation, and the patient's previous surgeries are key factors in providing a complete colonoscopy. However, a very important aspect of providing a safe and effective colonoscopy for the patient is not only the physician's expertise, but also abdominal pressure techniques that can be provided by the assistant. These techniques, which have not been widely publicized until the last few years, will assist in anus-to-cecum surveillance of the colon. It is important to recognize that proper technique is vital to prevent injury to both the patient and the assistant providing the pressure. In this article, three techniques are discussed; however, only two are recommended. One technique (open hand) is noted as a technique that may have the potential to cause injury to the assistant. Effective and safe abdominal pressure will aid in the comfort of the patient and may shorten the time it takes to complete the procedure.
Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Recombinant <i>Drosophila</i> Choline Acetyltransferase (1993)

A cDNA for Drosophila choline acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6; ChAT) was fused with a polyhistidine sequence and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified to a specific activity of 500 mumol/min/mg of protein using metal affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. Kinetic properties of the recombinant enzyme did not differ significantly from those previously determined. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra revealed that the secondary structure of the enzyme is largely alpha-helical. Intrinsic fluorescence spectra of the enzyme indicate that its tryptophan residues are buried. Neither CD nor fluorescence spectra changed significantly in the presence of substrates. The cysteine content of the recombinant Drosophila ChAT was determined to be 16 in the absence and 22 in the presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Finally, crystallization of recombinant Drosophila ChAT was achieved.
Fault diagnosis in industrial process manufacturing using MSPC (1997)

The basis of multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) are the multivariate projection techniques of principal components analysis (PCA) and projection to latent structures. This paper focuses upon PCA. The philosophy behind these techniques is to reduce the dimensionality of the problem by forming a new set of latent variables. If the variables are highly correlated, then the process can be defined in terms of a reduced set of latent variables, which are a linear combination of the original variables. Principal component analysis is an analysis tool which reduces the dimensionality of a single data matrix. The principal components generated from the analysis form the cornerstone of the multivariate statistical process control charts.
The Story as It's Told: Prodigious Revisions in Leslie Marmon Silko's "Almanac of the Dead" (1999)

Adam Sol, Leslie Marmon Silko, The Story as It's Told: Prodigious Revisions in Leslie Marmon Silko's "Almanac of the Dead", American Indian Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 3/4 (Summer - Autumn, 1999), pp. 24-48
Artificial bandwidth extension using deep neural networks for spectral envelope estimation (2016)

Many artificial speech bandwidth extension (ABE) approaches perform source-filter decomposition of the input narrowband speech, with subsequent computation of upper frequency band (UB) spectral envelope posteriors. In this paper we perform a direct comparison of HMM- and deep neural network (DNN)-based modeling of likelihoods or posteriors for ABE UB envelope estimation. DNN-based approaches turn out to significantly exceed GMM-based ones in speech quality. Further analysis reveals that this is not due to a better shape of the estimated UB spectral envelope, but primarily due to a much better estimate of the energy ratio of the upper band vs. the lower band - an important result with significant impact on ABE speech quality particularly for fricative sounds.
Sorption Behavior of Monosodium Titanate and Amorphous Peroxotitanate Materials Under Weakly Acidic Conditions (2009)

Inorganic, titanate-based sorbents are tested with respect to adsorption of a variety of sorbates under weakly acidic conditions (pH 3). Specifically, monosodium titanate (MST) and amorphous peroxotitanate (APT) sorption characteristics are initially probed through a screening process consisting of a pair of mixed metal solutions containing a total of 29 sorbates including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, metalloids and nonmetals. MST and APT sorption characteristics are further analyzed individually with chromium(III) and cadmium(II) using a batch method at ambient laboratory temperature, varying concentrations of the sorbents and sorbates and contact times. Maximum sorbate loadings are obtained from the respective adsorption isotherms.
Getting a Cloud (2016)

Depending on your needs and uses for R, it can be convenient to have a reasonable amount of memory and processor capability. Often this power is necessary only on occasion, and it may not be cost-effective to own the hardware. This is where hosting R on the cloud may be helpful. Cloud instances bring on-demand resources that are readily scaled up or down as each situation requires. These days, there are several tolerable outfits that provide such services at very reasonable prices. The challenge we face is threefold, and we walk through those steps over the next three chapters. We need to get a cloud, we need to administer our cloud’s operating system, and we need to do some fun things with R.
Comparison of Seed Priming Techniques with Regard to Seedling Emergence and Pythium Damping-Off in Sugar Beet (1991)

Three seed priming techniques were compared for their effects on earliness, rate, and uniformity of seedling emergence of sugar beet in infested and uninfested soils. Seed was osmoprimed with -1.5 MPa NaCl or -1.2 MPa PEG 8000, or solid-matrix-primed (SMP) with water and a hydrous silicate clay as the solid substrate. Washed and untreated seeds were included as controls. Seed was planted in soil infested with Pythium ultimum or in uninfested soil, and stand data were recorded for approximately 15 days (...)