gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DESIGNING DISULFIDE CYCLIC PEPTIDE AS FUSION INHIBITOR THAT TARGETS DENV ENVELOPE PROTEIN (2016)

Dengue has been a major health concern and currently there is no available option to treat the infection. It is an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV), an enveloped flavivirus. DENV initiates fusion process between viral envelope and host cell membrane, transfers its viral genome into target cell and infects host. Our research is focused on designing disulfide cyclic peptides that can fit into fusion cavity and interact with fusion peptide, interrupt conformational changes and therefore inhibit the fusion process. Computational approaches were conducted to calculate the binding affinity and stability of disulfide cyclic peptide ligands with target DENV E glycoprotein. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed using Molecular Operating Environment 2008.10 software (MOE 2008.10). Screening of 1320 designed ligands resulted in 3 best ligands, CLREC, CYREC and CYREC that can form interaction with target cavity and peptide fusion. These ligands showed good affinity with target DENV E glycoprotein based on free binding energy and interactions. To evaluate protein-ligand stability, we performed molecular dynamic simulation. Only CLREC showed protein-ligand stability and maintained interaction between ligand and target cavity. Therefore we propose CLREC as potential DENV fusion inhibitor candidates.
Fast <sup>1</sup>H spectroscopic imaging using a multi‐element head‐coil array (1998)

Fast proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) using a multi-element head-coil array is examined with respect to three aspects: the coil design, the use of an appropriate signal combination method, and the design of the MRSI pulse sequence itself. An eight-element head-coil array has been developed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of MRSI in the human brain. The flexible wraparound design optimally fits different head sizes and thus provides high sensitivity. The signal combination of the individual coil elements is based on the approach proposed by Roemer et al. (Magn. Reson. Med. 16, 192 (1990)). An additional short prescan is performed to provide a good estimate of the complex coil sensitivity profiles, which are used in the signal combination procedure to correct the spectroscopic imaging data for the spatially varying intensity. The use of coil arrays in MRSI has some effect on the requirements for both water and lipid suppression. These techniques and a MRSI pulse sequence that provides a high spectroscopic resolution are described and discussed. Experimental results at 1.5 T show that metabolite maps of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), phosphocreatine (PCr)/creatine (Cr) can be obtained within a 5-min acquisition time.
Studies in the system CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O--[Part] 2, The system CaSiO 3 -H 2 O (1960)

Phase equilibria in the system CaSiO <sub>3</sub> -H <sub>2</sub> O were studied, and a p-T curve constructed for the upper stability of xonotlite. The maximum stability of xonotlite is about 420 degrees C. at 20,000 p.s.i. for CaSiO <sub>3</sub> .1/5H <sub>2</sub> O, but is raised to about 500 degrees C. by the substitution of 7.5 weight % SrSiO <sub>3</sub> . At higher contents of SrSiO <sub>3</sub> a new anhydrous phase appears, herein called mu -(Ca,Sr)SiO <sub>3</sub> . Well-crystallized 11Aa tobermorite, having the composition 4CaO.5SiO <sub>2</sub> .5H (sub 29O is stable up to about 285 degrees C. 15-30,000 p.s.i., where it decomposes to xonotlite (+ truscottite + H <sub>2</sub> O). The crystallization of scawtite and its relation to the tobermorite decomposition is discussed. New data on the phases are presented and the petrological and crystallo-chemical significance discussed.
De p van primaliteit (2003)

Contains fulltext : 249443.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Enzymatic determination of D-mannose in serum. (1984)

A new and simple enzymatic assay for measuring D-mannose in serum is described. Endogenous glucose is eliminated from serum by use of glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6). D-Mannose concentration is calculated from the increase in NADH formation after mannosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.8) is added. This increase is a result of coupling the following series of enzymes: hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), glucosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49, NAD+-dependent). The study included subjects who were healthy volunteers and patients with suspected or proven fungal infections.
Recovery of ventilation distributions by gas wash-out of a mechanical pump (1986)

A method for deriving virtually continuous distributions of ventilation in the lungs from multiple-breath wash-out of inert, insoluble gases has been tested using a mechanical pump in which two parallel compartments, simulating lung regions, could be differentially ventilated to any desired, and known, extent. With more than moderate non-uniformity, bimodal distributions were always recovered from wash-out data, and with high reproducibility. In a substantial proportion of wash-out experiments ventilation was recovered in regions of very low and very high turnover in addition to the expected modes. These spurious modes may be abolished by various computational devices, none entirely satisfactory. Simultaneous wash-out and wash-in of two or three gases of similar diffusivity give essentially identical solutions. When the pump is operated with the two cylinders out of phase, emptying patterns derived from gas wash-out correspond quite well with those expected from the pump setting. These results help to identify and clarify some of the errors which affect physiological wash-out studies.
Efficient Synthesis of DNA Conjugates by Strain‐Promoted Azide–Cyclooctyne Cycloaddition in the Solid Phase (2011)

Abstract Conjugation of ligands to DNA oligonucleotides has been achieved in the solid phase by strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). The oligonucleotide, modified with a simple nonfluroinated, monocyclic octyne, efficiently forms conjugates with a range of azide dipoles with varying steric and electronic characteristics. The reaction is clean and easily executed in a copper free environment at room temperature. It provides a variety of triazole‐linked nucleic acid conjugates and is potentially useful in biotechnology and cell biology.
Reaction of Trivalent Organophosphorus Compounds with Selenium (1978)

Selenium derivatives of pentavalent organophosphorus compounds 9, 10, 11 (Ṙ = 2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-1-oxyl-4-piperidyl), 12 and 13 were prepared in 79-99% yields via the reaction of the corresponding trivalent phosphorus compounds 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 with black selenium in benzene at room temperature in 20 hours.
Understanding gas separation in metal–organic frameworks using computer modeling (2010)

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new family of nanoporous materials that combine the advantages of both inorganic and organic materials with great variety in functionality, pore size and topology. Gas separation is one of the fields that the first practical application of MOFs may be applied to; however, the study of MOFs as adsorbents in gas separation is still in its early stage, and their separation characteristics are not quite clear. Here, we summarize the recent advances on gas separation in MOFs using computer modeling, and show how computer modeling can help to understand the separation characteristics of MOFs. In addition, several strategies are proposed to improve the separation efficiency of MOFs, which are expected to be useful for designing new MOFs with improved separation performance for targeted properties.
Eligibility Traces for Off-Policy Policy Evaluation (2000)

Eligibility traces have been shown to speed reinforcement learning, to make it more robust to hidden states, and to provide a link between Monte Carlo and temporal-difference methods. Here we generalize eligibility traces to off-policy learning, in which one learns about a policy different from the policy that generates the data. Off-policy methods can greatly multiply learning, as many policies can be learned about from the same data stream, and have been identified as particularly useful for learning about subgoals and temporally extended macro-actions. In this paper we consider the off-policy version of the policy evaluation problem, for which only one eligibility trace algorithm is known, a Monte Carlo method. We analyze and compare this and four new eligibility trace algorithms, emphasizing their relationships to the classical statistical technique known as importance sampling. Our main results are 1) to establish the consistency and bias properties of the new methods and 2) to empirically rank the new methods, showing improvement over one-step and Monte Carlo methods. Our results are restricted to model-free, table-lookup methods and to offline updating (at the end of each episode) although several of the algorithms could be applied more generally. 1.
LEO Satellite Constellation for Internet of Things (2017)

Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the evolutionary directions of the Internet. This paper focuses on the low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation-based IoT services for their irreplaceable functions. In many cases, IoT devices are distributed in remote areas (e.g., desert, ocean, and forest) in some special applications, they are placed in some extreme topography, where are unable to have direct terrestrial network accesses and can only be covered by satellite. Comparing with the traditional geostationary earth orbit (GEO) systems, LEO satellite constellation has the advantages of low propagation delay, small propagation loss and global coverage. Furthermore, revision of existing IoT protocol are necessary to enhance the compatibility of the LEO satellite constellation-based IoT with terrestrial IoT systems. In this paper, we provide an overview of the architecture of the LEO satellite constellation-based IoT including the following topics: LEO satellite constellation structure, efficient spectrum allocation, heterogeneous networks compatibility, and access and routing protocols.
Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation and Regeneration of Pharbitis nil. (2000)

A reliable method for the transformation of Pharbitis (Ipomoea) nil is described for the first time. Somatic embryos derived from immature zygotic embryos were used as starting material. These were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 (pMP90), which harbored the plasmid pIG121Hm that included genes for β-glucuronidase (GUS), kanamycin resistance and hygromycin resistance. Infected embryos were induced to undergo secondary embryogenesis and kanamycin-resistant embryos were selected and allowed to develop into plantlets. All transgenic plants were morphologically normal and fertile. Stable integration and expression of the transgene for GUS were confirmed by histochemical and Southern blotting analysis. Expression of the intron-containing reporter gene for GUS under control of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV 35S) was detected after staining. Southern hybridization confirmed the stable inheritance of the transgene for GUS.
New DNA Technology and the DNA Biosensor (1987)

Abstract Recently there has been an increasing demand to produce systems for the detection of specific DNA sequences that are amenable to non-specialised laboratories. This demand has led to many innovative and novel approaches to DNA analysis which may collectively be termed ′new DNA technology′. Here, we review these advances in relation to their applicability for the production of a DNA biosensor. The present state of the art is described and future possibilities are considered.
Editor's Note (1989)

Abstract Soviet Sociology is pleased to have, as author of the following introduction, Mark R. Beissinger, professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Professor Beissinger is author of the recently published Scientific Management, Socialist Discipline, and Soviet Power (Harvard University Press, 1988).
Dynamic user profile-based job recommender system (2013)

In this paper, we propose a dynamic user profile-based job recommender system. To address the challenge that the job applicants do not update the user profile in a timely manner, we update and extend the user profile dynamically based on the historical applied jobs and behaviors of job applicants. In particular, the statistical results of basic features in the applied jobs are used to update the job applicants'. In addition, feature selection is employed in the text information of jobs that applied by the job applicant for extending the feature. Then a hybrid recommendation algorithm is employed according to the characteristics of user profiles for achieving the dynamic recommendation.
Globalization and Access to Higher Education, Policy Implications (2013)

The Bologna Process was launched in 1999. Its main aim has been to create a European Higher Education Area (EHEA) based on international cooperation and academic exchange that is attractive to European and non-European students and staff. This article focuses on one key element that has been neglected in the Bologna Process: the financing of higher education when students and graduates, i.e. (potential) tax-payers, are mobile. More precisely, it deals with the central issue of who will pay for the education of mobile students. This, in turn, raises the questions of: What share of higher education costs should be publicly (viz. privately) financed and which jurisdiction(s) should be taken into account in the financing process?
Abiraterone acetate and prednisone in patients (Pts) with progressive metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after failure of docetaxel-based chemotherapy (2008)

5019 Background: A proportion of CRPC overexpress androgen synthetic enzymes and are dependent on androgens for growth. Abiraterone acetate (AA) inhibits 17 α-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase to decrease serum androgen to undetectable levels. Methods: AA plus prednisone was studied in Pts with metastatic CRPC who had progressed on docetaxel based chemotherapy. Pts received oral AA 1000 mg QD, and prednisone 5 mg BID in 28 day cycles. The primary endpoint a >50% decline in PSA from baseline. Changes in bone and soft tissue disease were also monitored, as were pre- and post-therapy circulating tumor cell (CTC) number. Results: 43 Pts were screened and 38 treated. The median (interquartile range) age was 73 years (64–81) and PSA 86.3 ng/mL (33–311.5) while 32 (84%) had > 5 CTC per 7.5 ml of blood at baseline. Prior systemic therapy included 3 or more hormone in 29 (76%), including ketoconazole in 17 (45%); while 26 (68%) received 1, and 12 (32%) 2 lines of chemotherapy. Sites of metastases were bone only in 10 (26%), bone and lymph nodes in 15 (39%), bone and visceral in 11 (29%), while 2 had soft tissue and no bone disease. Of 35 evaluable patients (3 are too early), 11 (31%) progressed within 3 months (m), 9 (26%) within 6 m, and 2 (6%) after 6 m. Seven and 6 pts remain on treatment for 3–6 and 6+ months respectively. At 3 m, 14 of 35 pts (40%, 95% CI 26–57%) achieved a decline in PSA >50% from baseline. CTC were <5 pre- or <5 after therapy in 6 and 11 pts, of whom 3 and 7 are still on treatment; CTC count remained >5 in 21 pts, of whom 15 progressed (P =0.099) There was no grade 3 or 4 hypertension or hypokalemia. One pt discontinued treatment due to transaminitis and myositis. Conclusion: AA plus prednisone is well tolerated and active in progressive CRPC post-chemotherapy. Classifying these patients as hormone-refractory is a misnomer with the potential to deny patients potentially effective treatments. A phase III trial is planned with this regimen. (Supported by Cougar Biotechnology) Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Cougar Biotechnology Cougar
Impact of palmitic acid coating on the water uptake and loss of ammonium sulfate particles (2005)

Abstract. While water insoluble organics are prevalent in the atmosphere, it is not clear how the presence of such species alters the chemical and physical properties of atmospheric aerosols. Here we use a combination of FTIR spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS) to characterize ammonium sulfate particles coated with palmitic acid. Coated aerosols were generated by atomizing pure ammonium sulfate, mixing the particles with a heated flow of nitrogen with palmitic acid vapor, and then flowing the mixture through an in-line oven to create internally mixed particles. The mixing state of the particles was probed using the AMS data and images from the TEM. Both of these probes suggest that the particles were internally mixed. Water uptake by the mixed particles was then probed at 273 K. It was found that for ammonium sulfate containing ~20 wt% palmitic acid the deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) was the same as for pure ammonium sulfate (80±3% RH). For particles with ~50 wt% palmitic acid however, the mixed particles began to take up water at relative humidities as low at 69% and continued to slowly take up water to 85% RH without fully deliquescing. In addition to studies of water uptake, water loss was also investigated. Here coatings of up to 50 wt% had no impact on the efflorescence relative humidity. These studies suggest that even if insoluble substances coat salt particles in the atmosphere, there may be relatively little effect on the resulting water uptake and loss.
<title>Manufacturing-induced residual stresses in optical glasses and crystals: Example of residual stress relief by magnetorheological finishing (MRF) in commercial silicon wafers</title> (2001)

The Twyman effect refers to the generation by grinding of residual compressive stresses on the surface of a brittle material. Two issues are the correlation of stress-induced deformation (bowing) with the compressive force, and the depth over which the compressive stress acts. We summarize results from optical glasses, and we then apply a new analysis to optical crystals, specifically silicon. The issue of grinding-induced stress depth is addressed by demonstrating the relief of lapping-induced stresses in commercial Si wafers by magnetorheological finishing (MRF). MRF is a novel process that is effective for fine figuring and polishing of a variety of optical glasses and crystals. We demonstrate that MRF is suitable for finishing the surfaces of electronic grade single crystal silicon wafers. Four inch diameter <111> silicon wafers were loose abrasive lapped with various sized abrasives. The lapping- induced stress in the wafer surface was extracted by interferometrically measuring the curvature of the wafer due to the Twyman effect. Subsequent polishing by MRF was found to be effective in removing the associated residual stress generated in the wafer surface during loose abrasive lapping. The lapping-induced residual stresses are largest near the lapped surface, decaying with a characteristic length of 0.4-0.5 micrometers into the lapped surface.
A long-term assessment of cryotherapy for treating vasomotor instability. (1990)

Cryotherapy was used to treat severe nasal vasomotor instability in 21 patients who had failed several varied medical regimens. Treatment was given via a closed nitrous oxide system for intervals of 60 to 75 seconds. Anatomic sites treated included the medial aspect of the pterygopalatine fossa, posterior inferior middle turbinate, and posterior superior inferior turbinate. The minimum follow-up interval was two years. The conditions of 18 of 21 patients were substantively improved with one surgical freeze, and an additional patient responded favorably to three procedures. Three of four patients with associated obstructive sleep apnea also had apnea relieved. The technique presented warrants further evaluation in a larger series of patients.
A novel miniaturization actuator using a symmetric piezoelectric pusher element for pocket sun-tracking system (2011)

A novel pocket sun-tracking system was developed using a symmetric piezoelectric plate and a Ni-Co alloy micro-pusher element. A LIGA-like technique was employed to manufacture a Ni-Co alloy micro-pusher with a Vickers hardness value (HV) of 550, which was then attached at the midpoint of the long side of a piezoelectric plate with dual electrodes to construct a symmetric piezoelectric pusher element (SPPE). The research integrated the concept of LEGO <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> bricks, and three different vibration modes of the SPPE were designed to develop a miniaturization SPPE actuator, which was able to rotate a hemisphere concentrator lens along three perpendicular axes. The experiment demonstrated the pocket sun-tracking system moving precision to reach 1° and the rotation speeds to reach 50 rpm at a driving voltage of 30V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> . In the future, this miniaturization SPPE actuator may be used for a number of applications, such as sun-tracking systems for green energy harvesters and bio-devices for use in the biomedical field.
Multichannel biomagnetic system for study of electrical activity in the brain and heart. (1990)

The authors designed a multichannel system for noninvasive measurement of the extremely weak magnetic fields generated by the brain and the heart. It uses a flat array of 37 superconducting magnetic field-sensing coils connected to sophisticated superconducting quantum interference devices. To prevent interference from external electromagnetic fields, the system is operated inside a shielded room. Complete sets of coherent data, even from spontaneous events, can be recorded. System performance was evaluated with phantom measurements and evoked-response studies. A spatial resolution of a few millimeters and a temporal resolution of a millisecond were obtained. First results in patients with partial epilepsy and investigations of the cardiac conductive pathway indicate that biomagnetism is now ready for a systematic clinical evaluation. Interpretation of measurements was facilitated by highlighting biomagnetically localized electrical activity in three-dimensional digital magnetic resonance images.
Theme detection an exploration of opinion subjectivity (2009)

Work in opinion mining and classification often assumes the incoming documents to be opinionated. Opinion mining system makes false hits while attempting to compute polarity values for non-subjective or factual sentences or documents. It becomes imperative to decide whether a given document contains subjective information or not as well as to identify which portions of the document are subjective or factual. In this work a theme detection technique has been evolved for more generic domain independent subjectivity detection that classifies sentences with binary feature: opinionated or non-opinionated. Theme detection technique examines sentence level opinion and finally accumulates the opinion clues to reach the discourse level subjectivity. The subjectivity detection system has been evaluated on the multi perspective question answering (MPQA) corpus as well as on Bengali corpus. The system evaluation has shown the precision and recall values of 76.08 and 83.33 for English and 72.16 and 76.00 for Bengali respectively.