gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization and percolation in semiconductor alloys: GaAsN vs GaAsP (1996)

Tradition has it that in the absence of structural phase transition, or direct-to-indirect band-gap crossover, the properties of semiconductor alloys (bond lengths, band gaps, elastic constants, etc.) have simple and smooth (often parabolic) dependence on composition. We illustrate two types of violations of this almost universally expected behavior. First, at the percolation composition threshold where a continuous, wall-to-wall chain of given bonds (e.g., Ga-N-Ga-N...) first forms in the alloy (e.g., $\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}$), we find an anomalous behavior in the corresponding bond length (e.g., Ga-N). Second, we show that if the dilute alloy (e.g., $\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}$ for $x\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1$) shows a localized deep impurity level in the gap, then there will be a composition domain in the concentrated alloy where its electronic properties (e.g., optical bowing coefficient) become irregular: unusually large and composition dependent. We contrast $\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}$ with the weakly perturbed alloy system $\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{P}}_{x}$ having no deep gap levels in the impurity limits, and find that the concentrated $\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{P}}_{x}$ alloy behaves normally in this case.
Torque Distribution Characteristics of a Novel Double-Stator Permanent Magnet Generator Integrated with a Magnetic Gear (2016)

This paper presents a novel double-stator permanent-magnet machine integrated with a triple rotor magnetic gear structure, which is proposed to address problems of mechanical geared generators for low-speed applications. Torque transmission is based on three rotors consisting of prime permanent-magnet (PM) poles in the middle rotor and field PM poles in the inner and outer rotors. The proposed machine combines the functions of magnetic gearing and electrical power generation. The operating principles of the magnetic gear and generator are discussed and the torque distribution characteristics of the integrated machine are analysed using the 2D finite-element method (2D FEM). Also the power, torque, and speed characteristics are reported. A prototype is fabricated and tested experimentally. The predicted and measured results validate the proposed machine design.
Black Phosphorus–Monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> van der Waals Heterojunction p–n Diode (2014)

Phosphorene, a elemental 2D material, which is the monolayer of black phosphorus, has been mechanically exfoliated recently. In its bulk form, black phosphorus shows high carrier mobility (∼10,000 cm(2)/V·s) and a ∼0.3 eV direct band gap. Well-behaved p-type field-effect transistors with mobilities of up to 1000 cm(2)/V·s, as well as phototransistors, have been demonstrated on few-layer black phosphorus, showing its promise for electronics and optoelectronics applications due to its high hole mobility and thickness-dependent direct band gap. However, p–n junctions, the basic building blocks of modern electronic and optoelectronic devices, have not yet been realized based on black phosphorus. In this paper, we demonstrate a gate-tunable p–n diode based on a p-type black phosphorus/n-type monolayer MoS2 van der Waals p–n heterojunction. Upon illumination, these ultrathin p–n diodes show a maximum photodetection responsivity of 418 mA/W at the wavelength of 633 nm and photovoltaic energy conversion with an external quantum efficiency of 0.3%. These p–n diodes show promise for broad-band photodetection and solar energy harvesting.
Core-Cross-Linked Micelles Synthesized by Clicking Bifunctional Pt(IV) Anticancer Drugs to Isocyanates (2010)

Most low molecular weight platinum-based anticancer drugs have a short circulation time in the bloodstream. One of the potential strategies to improve the targeted delivery of cisplatin and prolong its circulation is via the use of nanocarriers. An improved drug delivery system was developed via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. In a one-pot reaction, the incorporation of anticancer drug and core cross-linking was simultaneously carried out by using the highly effective reaction of isocyanate groups in the core of the polymeric micelles poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)-block-poly(styrene-co-3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate) (POEGMA-block-P(STY-co-TMI)) with amine groups in the prepared platinum(IV) drug. The micelles with platinum(IV) incorporated with a size of 36 nm were very stable in water. In a reductive environment, in this study simulated using ascorbate, the drug was released at a slow rate of 82% in 22 days and at the same time the cross-linked micelle broke down into free block copolymers as evidenced using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The in vitro study also revealed the promising antitumor activity of prepared platinum(IV) drugs encapsulated into the micelle structure.
A low-power analog correlation processor for real-time camera alignment and motion computation (2000)

A design is presented for a low-power switched-current block correlation processor, which produces a set of feature matches between pairs of binary edge images. The novelty and usefulness of the processor stem from the reliability of its outputs. Statistical tests are included to minimize the probability that the correspondences found have occurred by chance. The results may be used without further refinement to accurately compute the epipolar geometry between two camera positions. The primary applications of this processor are computing camera motion and providing coarse alignment of two images acquired from similar sensors. An analog design was chosen to reduce circuit area in order to accommodate both large template blocks and search areas. Switched current sources at each pixel are summed on a single wire, while analog comparators implement the validation tests and track the minimum score. A prototype 5/spl times/5 block processor with a 9/spl times/9 search area was fabricated as a "Tiny Chip" through MOSIS in a 1.2-/spl mu/m complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The chip correctly determined the correct matches for the given patterns and dissipated no more than 12 /spl mu/W of static power per pixel in continuous operation. In a full-scale implementation, an array of several large (e.g., 24/spl times/24) block processors could be placed single 1 cm/sup 2/ die. Measurements indicate that the computations for each block offset can be processed in less than 200 ns, implying that a 200/spl times/200 area can be searched in 8 ms.
Robust checkerboard recognition for efficient nonplanar geometry registration in projector-camera systems (2008)

Projector-camera systems always need complicated geometry calibration to get a correct display result on nonplanar projection surface. Geometry registration of most calibration methods dealing with arbitrary surfaces is done by projecting a set of structure light patterns or by manually 3D modeling, which are both time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a robust checkerboard calibration pattern recognition method to help nonplanar surface geometry registration. By approximating the nonplanar surface to be composite of many planar quad patches, pixels mapping between the calibration camera and a projector can be got by projecting only one checkerboard calibration pattern recognized by our method. Compared with geometry registration with structure light or encoded points, which need project many images, our method can be more efficient. Our recognition method has two steps: corner detection and checkerboard pattern match. Checkerboard internal corners are defined as special conjunction points of four alternating dark and bright regions. A candidate corner's neighbor points within a rectangular or a circular window are treated as in different one-point-width layers. By processing the points layers in corner detection, we transform the 2D points distribution into 1D, which simplifies the regions amount counting and also improves the robustness against noises caused by deformation and complex illumination. After corner detection, the pre-known checkerboard grids rows and columns amounts are used to match and decide the right checkerboard corners from the results that have found. Regions boundary data produced during the corner detection also assist the matching process.
Hypoglycaemia following treatment of hyperkalaemia with insulin and dextrose (1988)

We describe four patients who developed symptomatic hypoglycaemia following treatment of hyperkalaemia with insulin and dextrose. Two patients had a delayed onset of hypoglycaemia, between 5 and 6 hours after treatment despite use of a 'soluble' type of insulin. A review of the literature revealed a variety of insulin and dextrose regimes but no research to assess the metabolic effects of such therapy in patients with renal failure. The possibility of significant hypoglycaemia following use of insulin and dextrose in the recommended dosages is rarely mentioned. The cases we describe demonstrate that there is no 'correct' dose of insulin and dextrose to suit every circumstance. Regular blood glucose estimations should be performed in all patients receiving such therapy for hyperkalaemia.
Large-Alphabet Quantum Key Distribution Using Energy-Time Entangled Bipartite States (2007)

We present a protocol for large-alphabet quantum key distribution (QKD) using energy-time entangled biphotons. Binned, high-resolution timing measurements are used to generate a large-alphabet key with over 10 bits of information per photon pair, albeit with large noise. QKD with 5% bit error rate is demonstrated with 4 bits of information per photon pair, where the security of the quantum channel is determined by the visibility of Franson interference fringes. The protocol is easily generalizable to even larger alphabets, and utilizes energy-time entanglement which is robust to transmission over large distances in fiber.
Proteasome inhibitors – molecular basis and current perspectives in multiple myeloma (2014)

Inhibition of proteasome, a proteolytic complex responsible for the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, has emerged as a powerful strategy for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy. First-in-class agent, bortezomib, has demonstrated great positive therapeutic efficacy in MM, both in pre-clinical and in clinical studies. However, despite its high efficiency, a large proportion of patients do not achieve sufficient clinical response. Therefore, the development of a second-generation of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) with improved pharmacological properties was needed. Recently, several of these new agents have been introduced into clinics including carfilzomib, marizomib and ixazomib. Further, new orally administered second-generation PI oprozomib is being investigated. This review provides an overview of main mechanisms of action of PIs in MM, focusing on the ongoing development and progress of novel anti-proteasome therapeutics.
Kallikreins as Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer (2014)

The introduction of testing for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a member of the fifteen-gene family of kallikrein-related peptidases and also known as kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3), in blood has revolutionized both the detection and management of prostate cancer. Given the similarities between PSA and other KLK gene family members along with limitations of PSA as a biomarker for prostate cancer mainly in reference to diagnostic specificity, the potential roles of other members of this gene family as well as PSA derivatives and isoforms in the management of prostate cancer have been studied extensively. Of these, approaches to measure distinct molecular forms of PSA (free, intact, complexed PSA, and pro-PSA) combined with kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (KLK2), also known as hK2, have been considered holding particular promise in enhancing the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Recently, an integrated approach of applying a panel of four kallikrein markers has been demonstrated to enhance accuracy in predicting the risk of prostate cancer at biopsy. This review presents an overview of kallikreins, starting with the past and current status of PSA, summarizing published data on the evaluations of various KLKs as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognostication, and monitoring of prostate cancer.
Peripheral circuit design for field programmable MCM systems (2003)

A field programmable multichip module (MCM) architecture utilizing an array of modified field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is proposed. Interconnections are provided by a fixed wiring network on the MCM, and by programmable interconnection frames on each FPGA. It is shown that full-swing CMOS peripheral circuits are faster than low-swing CMOS circuits. Buffering configurations for the interconnection frame which exploit the MCM performance benefits were selected and optimized. Bidirectional bus implementations using the frame are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Exendin-4 promotes endothelial barrier enhancement via PKA- and Epac1-dependent Rac1 activation (2014)

Among emerging antidiabetic agents, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based therapies carry special cardiovascular implications, exerting both direct and indirect effects. The control of vascular permeability is of pivotal importance in vascular pathologies. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of GLP-1 on endothelial barrier function and assess the underlying mechanism(s). Here we show for the first time that the stable GLP-1 analog exendin-4 attenuated the leakage of subcutaneous blood vessels in mice indexed by dye extravasation caused by injections of thrombin. Moreover, in cultured endothelial cells, exendin-4 significantly prevented the thrombin-induced FITC-dextran permeability of endothelial monolayers via GLP-1 receptor. Immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that exendin-4 abrogates detrimental effects of thrombin on VE-cadherin and the F-actin cytoskeleton, with decreased stress fiber and gap formation. Importantly, exendin-4 reduced thrombin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin at Y731 and Y658. Moreover, small GTPase Rac1 was significantly activated as a result of exendin-4 treatment. The efficacy of exendin-4 to counteract the barrier-compromising effect of thrombin was blunted when Rac1 was inactivated by Rac1 inhibitor NSC-23766. Inhibition of PKA activity or small-interfering RNA for exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1) decreased exendin-4-induced Rac1 activation and barrier enhancement, indicating the participation of both PKA and Epac1 in the barrier-stabilizing effect of exendin-4 elicited on thrombin-impaired barrier function. Thus, our findings have uncovered an unpredicted role for exendin-4 in the coordination of vascular permeability and clarified the molecular underpinnings that contribute to barrier restoration initiated by exendin-4.
Isolation of cDNA coding for an ubiquitous membrane protein deficient in high Na+, low K+ stomatocytic erythrocytes (1992)

Human red blood cells (RBCs) that are deficient in an integral membrane-associated protein ("stomatin") of apparent molecular mass 31 Kd show a catastrophic increase in passive membrane permeability to the univalent cations Na+ and K+ and are stomatocytic in shape. We have purified this protein from normal RBC membranes and isolated a cDNA clone coding for it. The deduced protein sequence is unrelated to that of any known ion-transport-related protein. Selective solubilization studies using detergents show that while the protein is strongly associated with the phospholipid bilayer, it also binds to the cytoskeleton. The predicted polypeptide has a single trans-membranous hydrophobic segment near the N-terminus, which would locate it in the membrane; the large C-terminal domain is hydrophilic and cytoplasmic in orientation and is presumed to be responsible for the attachment to the cytoskeleton. By inference, the protein has the function of closing a latent ion channel. The messenger RNA encoding this protein is ubiquitously distributed in different human cell types and tissues and is thus presumably a widely distributed regulator of transmembrane cation fluxes. As a membrane-bound inhibitor protein of Na+ and K+ transport, it is unique among the known components of membrane-transport proteins.
Document access in a multi-party information management system (2008)

A multi-party information management system such as an electronic contract system deals with a large number of secure documents for many organizations. The access and retrieval of these documents for different organizational users are very complex. In this paper, we present a sequencing access model, that dictates who and when a given version of a document can be retrieved, viewed and acted upon along multi-party workflow processes. To effectively implement the access model, a novel counter-based access algorithm has been proposed to provide dynamic tracking of access privileges and priorities for different organizations participating in the workflows. To support secure search and retrieval of documents, a secure-indexing mechanism has been introduced to incorporate document access control information directly into search index. Using an XML-based search engine and a compound query generation technique to combine user role and organization information in search query, high-performance retrieval has been achieved very securely and efficiently in our information management system.
Optimal Joint Subcarrier and Power Allocation in NOMA is Strongly NP-Hard (2018)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising radio access technology for 5G. It allows several users to transmit on the same frequency and time resource by performing power-domain multiplexing. At the receiver side, successive interference cancellation (SIC) is applied to mitigate interference among the multiplexed signals. In this way, NOMA can outperform orthogonal multiple access schemes used in conventional cellular networks in terms of spectral efficiency and allows more simultaneous users. This paper investigates the computational complexity of joint subcarrier and power allocation problems in multi-carrier NOMA systems. We prove that these problems are strongly NP-hard for a large class of objective functions, namely the weighted generalized means of the individual data rates. This class covers the popular weighted sum-rate, proportional fairness, harmonic mean and max-min fairness utilities. Our results show that the optimal power and subcarrier allocation cannot be computed in polynomial time in the general case, unless P = NP. Nevertheless, we present some tractable special cases and we show that they can be solved efficiently.
Semiochemical–Insecticide Bait Placement and Vertical Distribution of Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Adults: Implications for Management (1991)

Experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to determine the effect and potential interaction of height of semiochemical–insecticide bait placement and within-canopy adult corn rootworm vertical distribution on beetle mortality in baited traps. Results of an experiment utilizing semiochemical–insecticide baited traps, and unbaited yellow sticky traps placed in a corn ( Zea mays L.) field at 0 m and corn ear height indicated that D. virgifera virgifera LeConte mortality was significantly higher at ear height baited traps. In addition, more D. v. virgifera females were distributed near ear height than at 0 m. Results of subsequent experiments with baited, and unbaited traps placed at 0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4- m height intervals within the canopy indicated that efficacy of starch baits increases with height of bait placement and the vertical distribution of corn rootworm beetles interacts with height of semiochemicaln–insecticide bait placement. Data from all experiments strongly indicate that semiochemical–insecticide granules placed at ground level will not effectively attract and kill female D. v. virgifera beetles. To optimize the effectiveness of corn rootworm semiochemical–insecticide baits, application of formulations should be restricted as much as possible to regions at or above the ear. Formulations need to be developed that will adhere to plants at the time of application.
Neuronal Ca2+ sensor protein VILIP-1 affects cGMP signalling of guanylyl cyclase B by regulating clathrin-dependent receptor recycling in hippocampal neurons (2005)

The family of neuronal Ca2+ sensor (NCS) proteins is known to influence a variety of physiological and pathological processes by affecting signalling of different receptors and ion channels. Recently, it has been shown that the NCS protein VILIP-1 influences the activity of the receptor guanylyl cyclase GC-B. In transfected cell lines, VILIP-1 performs a Ca2+-dependent membrane association, the reversible Ca2+-myristoyl switch of VILIP-1, which leads to an increase in natriuretic peptide-stimulated cGMP levels. In this study, we have investigated the effect of VILIP-1 on cGMP signalling in C6 cells and in primary hippocampal neurons, where VILIP-1 and GC-B are co-expressed in many but not all neurons and partially co-localize in the soma and in dendrites. Our data indicate that VILIP-1 modulates GC-B activity by influencing clathrin-dependent receptor recycling. These data support a general physiological role for VILIP-1 in membrane trafficking in the intact hippocampus, where the NCS protein may affect processes, such as neuronal differentiation and synaptic plasticity e.g. by influencing cGMP-signalling.
Towards automated planning for unsealed source therapy (2012)

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a technique for unsealed source radiotherapy planning that combines the segmentation and registration tasks of single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography (CT) datasets. The segmentation task is automated by an atlas registration approach that takes advantage of a hybrid scheme using a diffeomorphic demons algorithm to warp a standard template to the patient's CT. To overcome the lack of common anatomical features between the CT and SPECT datasets, registration is achieved through a narrow band approach that matches liver contours in the CT with the gradients of the SPECT dataset. Deposited dose is then computed from the SPECT dataset using a convolution operation with tracer-specific deposition kernels. Automatic segmentation showed good agreement with manual contouring, measured using the dice similarity coefficient and ranging from 0.72 to 0.87 for the liver, 0.47 to 0.93 for the kidneys, and 0.74 to 0.83 for the spinal cord. The narrow band registration achieved variations of less 0.5 mm translation and 1° rotation, as measured with convergence analysis. With the proposed combined segmentation-registration technique, the uncertainty of soft-tissue target localization is greatly reduced, ensuring accurate therapy planning.
Effect of drying temperature on the physical properties of titania aerogels (1994)

Drying temperature has been shown to be a key parameter in affecting the textural and structural properties of calcined titania aerogels, prepared by the sol–gel method using titanium n-butoxide and subsequent supercritical drying with carbon dioxide.