gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the decoding order of MIMO maximum-likelihood sphere decoder: linear and non-linear receivers (2005)

The paper investigates the use of sphere decoding on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) maximum-likelihood (ML) detection for complexity reduction. The problem is important for both multiuser detection and space-time decoding. In particular, we focus on the design of the decoding order which, if designed properly, can miniaturize the decoding hypersphere faster, leading to much complexity reduction. Our proposal is to sort the lattice points, within the intervals defined by the radius of the hypersphere, according to their distance from a given reference signal point, and search the coordinates closest to the chosen reference. A rather surprising result is that by defining the reference point as the soft-output signal point of a conventional receiver, such as zero-forcing (ZF), minimum mean-square-error (MMSE), or interference cancellation (IC), we can naturally combine any known receivers into a sphere decoder for ML detection and greatly reduce the decoding complexity without compromising the performance.
Characterization of voltage-driven twisted nematic liquid crystal cell by dynamic polarization scanning ellipsometry (2015)

A dynamic polarization scanning ellipsometry technique based on Stokes polarimetry is proposed for dynamically characterizing a voltage-driven twisted nematic liquid crystal (TNLC) cell. In the proposed method, the six effective ellipsometric parameters are extracted under modulation voltages ranging from 0 V ~ + 10 V using four linearly polarized input lights. The profiles of the tilt angle and twist angle are calculated as a function of the modulation voltage. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by comparing the experimental results for the effective ellipsometric parameters of a TNLC cell with the analytical results. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm (GA) based on a curve-fitting technique is used to inversely extract the pretilt angle, twist angle and rubbing direction of the TNLC cell. These extracted values are then compared to the known valued of the TNLC cell. In general, the results presented in this paper show that the proposed method provides a reliable means of obtaining the dynamic optical properties of a TNLC cell.
A New Poly(thienylenevinylene) Derivative with High Mobility and Oxidative Stability for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors and Solar Cells (2009)

A novel thiophene-thienylenevinylene copolymer is synthesized and evaluated for use in organic field-effect transistors and organic solar cells. PETV12T shows good solution processability and high structural organization after annealing. Organic thin-film transistors based on the polymer exhibit high mobility and a high resistance to oxidation. In addition, PETV12T shows potential as an electron donor in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Implication des réserves carbonées dans le photoproduction d'hydrogène chez l'algue verte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (2009)

L’algue verte unicellulaire Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, est capable de produire de l’hydrogene en utilisant l’eau comme donneur d’electrons et la lumiere solaire comme source d’energie. Bien que cette propriete offre des perspectives biotechnologiques interessantes, une limitation majeure est liee a la sensibilite de l’hydrogenase a l’oxygene, sous‐ produit de l’activite photosynthetique. Il avait ete precedemment montre qu’en condition de carence en soufre, C. Reinhardtii peut produire de l’hydrogene pendant plusieurs jours (Melis et al. 2000). Au cours de ce processus, deux voies de production, l’ une directe impliquant le photosysteme II (PSII) et l’autre indirecte impliquant le seul PSI cohabitent, les reserves d’amidon etant supposees jouer un role dans le fonctionnement de chacune de ces voies. L’objectif de ce travail de these visait a elucider les mecanismes reliant le catabolisme de l’amidon au processus de photo‐production d’hydrogene. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse de mutants affectes dans la biosynthese de l’amidon (sta6 et sta7) a permis de montrer que, si les reserves d’amidon etaient essentielles au fonctionnement de la voie indirecte, elles ne participaient pas a la voie directe. Dans un second temps, dans le but d’identifier les etapes metaboliques et les regulations impliquees dans le catabolisme de l’amidon, nous avons developpe une approche genetique basee sur la recherche de mutants affectes dans la mobilisation des reserves. Huit mutants (std1 a std8) affectes a des degres divers dans leurs capacites a degrader l’amidon suite a une phase d’accumulation prealable ont ete isoles a partir d’une banque de 15 000 mutants d’insertion. Un des ces mutants, std1 est affecte dans une kinase apparentee a la famille des DYRK (dualspecificity tyrosine regulated serine threonine kinase). Bien que les cibles de cette enzyme restent a determiner, l’analyse du proteome lie aux grains d’amidon indique de profondes modifications dans l’expression de phosphorylases potentiellement impliquees dans la degradation de l’amidon. STD1 represente le premier element regulateur du catabolisme de l’amidon identifie a ce jour chez les vegetaux
Simple preparation of a 2-lithiopropenal equivalent (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple preparation of a 2-lithiopropenal equivalentMarcus A. Tius, Donald P. Astrab, and Xue Qin GuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 12, 2625–2627Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00388a061https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00388a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Membrane Lipid Domains Distinct from Cholesterol/Sphingomyelin-Rich Rafts Are Involved in the ABCA1-mediated Lipid Secretory Pathway (2001)

Efflux of excess cellular cholesterol mediated by lipid-poor apolipoproteins occurs by an active mechanism distinct from passive diffusion and is controlled by the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1. Here we examined whether ABCA1-mediated lipid efflux involves the selective removal of lipids associated with membrane rafts, plasma membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin. ABCA1 was not associated with cholesterol and sphingolipid-rich membrane raft domains based on detergent solubility and lack of colocalization with marker proteins associated with raft domains. Lipid efflux to apoA-I was accounted for by decreases in cellular lipids not associated with cholesterol/sphingomyelin-rich membranes. Treating cells with filipin, to disrupt raft structure, or with sphingomyelinase, to digest plasma membrane sphingomyelin, did not impair apoA-I-mediated cholesterol or phosphatidylcholine efflux. In contrast, efflux of cholesterol to high density lipoproteins (HDL) or plasma was partially accounted for by depletion of cholesterol from membrane rafts. Additionally, HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux was partially inhibited by filipin and sphingomyelinase treatment. Apo-A-I-mediated cholesterol efflux was absent from fibroblasts with nonfunctional ABCA1 (Tangier disease cells), despite near normal amounts of cholesterol associated with raft domains and normal abilities of plasma and HDL to deplete cholesterol from these domains. Thus, the involvement of membrane rafts in cholesterol efflux applies to lipidated HDL particles but not to lipid-free apoA-I. We conclude that cholesterol and sphingomyelin-rich membrane rafts do not provide lipid for efflux promoted by apolipoproteins through the ABCA1-mediated lipid secretory pathway and that ABCA1 is not associated with these domains.
A Disruptive Software-Defined Radio Receiver Architecture Based on Sampled Analog Signal Processing (2007)

Software defined radio (SDR) aims at bringing digital treatment chip closer to the antenna in a mobile terminal architecture. The main goal is to create a re-configurable radio architecture accepting all the cellular or non-cellular standards working in the 0-5 GHz frequency range. But, in this environment, the analog to digital conversion and the digital operations face issues like power supply and processing speed. The idea is to interface a preprocessing circuit between the antenna and a digital signal processor (DSP) to pre-condition the RF signal. This paper presents the design of an analog discrete-time device located between antenna and a DSP in standard radio architecture. It uses the principle of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to reduce the frequency of the DSP-input-signal treatment to fulfil the SDR purpose. It has been validated through system level simulation.
The Synthesis of 4-Ethyl-2-propyl-3-substitutedpyrrolo[ 3, 4-b]quinoline-1, 9-dione Derivatives from 3, 3-Dichloro-4-ethyl-thieno[3, 4-b]quinoline-1, 9-dione and Propylamine (2006)

The preparation, spectral properties and structure elucidations of the hitherto undocumented 3-oxo-, 3-thioxo-, 3-propylimino-, 3-imino-, and 3-propylamino- derivatives of 4-ethyl-2-propyl-2, 3-dihydro-pyrrolo[3, 4-b]quinoline-1, 9-dione are described. Mechanistic aspects relating particularly to the formation of the latter two unprecedented products are considered. Magnetic anisotropic effects (deshielding/line broadening of signals) are exhibited by the a-methylene protons of the 4-ethyl moiety in the 1H NMR spectra of the first four of the above, and in several 3, 3-dichloro-thieno[3, 4-b]quinoline-1, 9-diones and intramolecular H-bonded, 1, 2-dialkyl-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid precursor substrates.
Novel Ribosomal Mutations in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Strains Identified through Selection with the Oxazolidinones Linezolid and Torezolid (TR-700) (2009)

TR-700 (torezolid), the active moiety of the novel oxazolidinone phosphate prodrug TR-701, is highly potent against gram-positive pathogens, including strains resistant to linezolid (LZD). Here we investigated the potential of Staphylococcus aureus strains ATCC 29213 (methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA]) and ATCC 33591 (methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]) to develop resistance to TR-700. The spontaneous frequencies of mutation of MSSA 29213 and MRSA 33591 resulting in reduced susceptibility to TR-700 at 2 x the MIC were 1.1 x 10(-10) and 1.9 x 10(-10), respectively. These values are approximately 16-fold lower than the corresponding LZD spontaneous mutation frequencies of both strains. Following 30 serial passages in the presence of TR-700, the MIC for MSSA 29213 remained constant (0.5 microg/ml) while increasing eightfold (0.25 to 2.0 microg/ml) for MRSA 33591. Serial passage of MSSA 29213 and MRSA 33591 in LZD resulted in 64- and 32-fold increases in LZD resistance (2 to 128 microg/ml and 1 to 32 microg/ml, respectively). Domain V 23S rRNA gene mutations (Escherichia coli numbering) found in TR-700-selected mutants included T2500A and a novel coupled T2571C/G2576T mutation, while LZD-selected mutants included G2447T, T2500A, and G2576T. We also identified mutations correlating with decreased susceptibility to TR-700 and LZD in the rplC and rplD genes, encoding the 50S ribosomal proteins L3 and L4, respectively. L3 mutations included Gly152Asp, Gly155Arg, Gly155Arg/Met169Leu, and DeltaPhe127-His146. The only L4 mutation detected was Lys68Gln. TR-700 maintained a fourfold or greater potency advantage over LZD against all strains with ribosomal mutations. These data bring to light a variety of novel and less-characterized mutations associated with S. aureus resistance to oxazolidinones and demonstrate the low resistance potential of torezolid.
Cholyllysyl fluroscein and related lysyl fluorescein conjugated bile acid analogues. (1998)

There have been attempts to couple bile acids to fluorescein to permit their visualization during studies of physiology and pathophysiology. Although conjugation has been achieved by many, the product differed in many respects from the parent bile acid congener. We describe lysylfluorescein conjugated bile acid analogues (LFCBAA) synthesized in our laboratory as model divalent "unipolar" molecules. We have determined LFCBAA properties including their water:octanol partition coefficient, HPLC retention time and critical micellar concentration and compared them with their parent bile acid congeners. Cholyl lysylfluorescein (CLF) and lithocholyl lysylfluoroscein (LLF) have properties similar to cholylglycine (CG) and glycolithocholate (GLC), respectively. In human and rat hepatocytes uptake of CLF follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with K(m) and Vmax similar to CG. Biliary excretion rates of CLF and LLF closely resemble those of CG and GLC in both normal and mutant TR- rats which lack the multiorganic anion transporter (MOAT), strongly supporting the notion that CLF and LLF are substrates for the canalicular bile salt transporter (cBST). The close similarity of hepatocyte uptake and biliary secretion of these LFCBAA and their parent bile acid congeners makes them potentially useful probes for the intracellular visualization of bile salt movement and deposition in various models of bile formation and secretion.
Physical properties and phase separation structure of <i>Antheraea pernyi/Bombyx mori</i> silk fibroin blend films (1994)

Abstract The physical structure and compatibility of solution‐cast Antheraea pernyi/Bombyx mori silk fibroin blend films were stuided by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermomechanical (TMA) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, dynamic viscoelastic measurement, infrared spectroscopy, and x‐ray diffractometry. The DSC curves of the blend films showed independent endotherms at 280 and 358°C, corresponding to the thermal decomposition of B. mori and A. pernyi silk fibroins with random coil conformation. The intensity was roughly proportionate to the amount of each component in the blend. The thermal behavior corresponding to the conformational transitions induced by heating on A. pernyi and B. mori silk fibroins overlapped in the temperature range 190–230°C. Thermal expansion and contraction properties, as well as weight retention behavior of the blend films were intermediate between the pure components, as shown by the TMA and TGA curves. The onset temperature of the storage modulus curve decreased markedly, approaching that of B. mori silk fibroin film when the amount of this component in the blend increased. The loss modulus curve of the blend films showed two peaks at ca. 190 and 210°C, the former corresponding to B. mori , and the latter to A. pernyi silk fibroin. Infrared spectra of the blends exhibited absorption bands characteristic of the pure components overlapping in the spectral region 2000–400 cm −1 . The x‐ray diffraction peaks at 23 and 21.5°, attributed to the crystalline spacings of A. pernyi and B. mori fibroins, respectively, overlapped in the diffraction curves of the blends, while the peak at 11.4°, of A. pernyi , increased as the content of this fibroin in the blend increased. The degree of crystallinity, calculated from the x‐ray diffraction curves, diminished as the amount of B. mori silk fibroin decreased. A low degree of compatibility exists between the two fibroins when they are cast from aqueous solution in the experimental conditions adopted in this work. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vestibulospinal reaction in the stepping test with relative pressure changes in the middle ear (1988)

This study investigated the influence of relative pressure changes in the middle ear on the stepping test in 59 normal subjects. The pressure in the middle ear was altered by exposure of the external auditory canal to positive or negative pressures. Six pressure loading conditions (-300, -200, -100, + 100, +200, +300 mmH2O) were maintained constantly in the stepping test. The angle of rotation, the angle of transition, the distance of transition were determined.1) There were significant deviations in the angle of rotation towards ipsilateral side at +300 mmH2O of pressure, and towards the contralateral side at -300 mmH2O.2) There was a significant deviation in the angle of transition towards the ipsilateral side at +300 mm H2O of pressure.3) There was no significant change in the distance of transition at any pressure.This test will be used to investigate vestibulospinal reactions in patients with Meniere's disease.
Complication rates of colonic polypectomy in relation to polyp characteristics and techniques: a district hospital experience (2012)

BACKGROUND: Colonic polypectomy reduces the subsequent rate of development of colonic cancer but is not without its risks. We aimed to examine our complication rates in relation to the characteristics of polyps and techniques employed. METHODS: A database for all colonic polypectomies performed over a 3½-year period between 2006 and 2009 was matched against all patients readmitted after an endoscopy. Serious complications post-polypectomy were defined as events leading to readmission within 14 days. RESULTS: We performed 2106 polypectomies on 1252 patients in this period. Fourteen patients or 24 (1.1%) polypectomies experienced complications. Two patients (0.09%) experienced perforation, 10 (0.47%) had bleeding and 3 (0.14%) had post-polypectomy syndromes. Our bleeding rate was 1:211, lower than the national standard of 1:100. No deaths were reported. Complication rates rose from 1% in the smallest group (1-10 mm) to 4.9% in the largest (>31 mm) but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.067). Right-colon polypectomies had a higher tendency of developing post-polypectomy syndrome and bleeding (p=0.002). Complication rates in snare polypectomies were not significantly different from that of hot biopsies (p=0.64). However, endoscopic mucosal resections (EMR) had significantly more complications compared to snares (p=0.045) and hot biopsies (p=0.026). CONCLUSION: We achieved lower bleeding rates than that published nationally. Hot biopsies did not carry a higher risk unlike EMRs. Although polyp size may be an important risk factor, statistical significance was not met. Ascending and transverse colon polypectomies carried the highest risks of complications.
Droop control of converter interfaced micro sources in rural distributed generation (2010)

This paper proposes new droop control methods for load sharing in a rural area with distributed generation. Highly resistive lines, typical of rural low voltage networks, always create a big challenge for conventional droop control. To overcome the conflict between higher feedback gain for better power sharing and system stability in angle droop, two control methods have been proposed. The first method considers no communication among the distributed generators (DGs) and regulates the converter output voltage and angle ensuring proper sharing of load in a system having strong coupling between real and reactive power due to high line resistance. The second method, based on a smattering of communication, modifies the reference output voltage angle of the DGs depending on the active and reactive power flow in the lines connected to point of common coupling (PCC). It is shown that with the second proposed control method, an economical and minimum communication system can achieve significant improvement in load sharing. The difference in error margin between proposed control schemes and a more costly high bandwidth communication system is small and the later may not be justified considering the increase in cost. The proposed control shows stable operation of the system for a range of operating conditions while ensuring satisfactory load sharing.
Gene deletion of either interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐1β–converting enzyme, inducible nitric oxide synthase, or stromelysin 1 accelerates the development of knee osteoarthritis in mice after surgical transection of the medial collateral ligament and partial medial meniscectomy (2003)

We postulate that deletion of each of these genes, which encode molecules capable of producing degenerative changes in cartilage, leads to changes in the homeostatic controls regulating the balance between anabolism and catabolism, favoring accelerated cartilage degeneration. These observations suggest that these genes may play important regulatory roles in maintaining normal homeostasis in articular cartilage matrix turnover.
Negative curvature fibers (2017)

We describe the history, guiding mechanism, recent advances, applications, and future prospects for hollow-core negative curvature fibers. We first review one-dimensional slab waveguides, two-dimensional annular core fibers, and negative curvature tube lattice fibers to illustrate the inhibited coupling guiding mechanism. Antiresonance in the glass at the core boundary and a wavenumber mismatch between the core and cladding modes inhibit coupling between the modes and have led to remarkably low loss in negative curvature fibers. We also summarize recent advances in negative curvature fibers that improve the performance of the fibers, including negative curvature that increases confinement, gaps between tubes that increase confinement and bandwidth, additional tubes that decrease mode coupling, tube structures that suppress higher-order modes, nested tubes that increase guidance, and tube parameters that decrease bend loss. Recent applications of negative curvature fibers are also presented, including mid-infrared fiber lasers, micromachining, and surgical procedures. At the end, we discuss the future prospects for negative curvature fibers.
Guided electromagnetic waves along an axial conductor in a circular tunnel (1974)

A method to calculate the propagation characteristics of the guided modes in a circular tunnel bounded by lossy dielectric media is presented. The effect of an axial thin. wire within the tunnel is also accounted for in the boundary value treatment of the problem. It is found that the attenuation of the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) or coax type mode is greatly increased when the conductor is moved toward the tunnel wall.