gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of candidate surface antigens for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis by comparative global gene expression on human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (2010)

Transplacental passage of circulating first-trimester fetal mesenchymal stem cells (fMSC) raises the prospect of harvesting fetal cells in maternal blood. Despite high sensitivity in model systems, negative selection and culture strategies yield fMSC only rarely in post-termination maternal blood. The different adhesion molecule profile of fMSC to competitor maternal cell types suggests that improved positive selection strategies may facilitate non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. We aimed to identify surface antigens specific to fMSC and not maternal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), using genome-wide analysis of actively expressed transcripts. Maternal PBL and fMSC cultured from first-trimester blood, liver and bone marrow were assessed for global gene expression by Affymetrix U133Plus2.0 arrays. Data were analysed using Affymetrix GCOS01.2. Transcripts present in all fMSC (n = 9) but absent in all PBL samples (n = 3) were selected for further analysis of cell-surface membrane molecules by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Of 1544 genes expressed in fMSC and not maternal PBL, filtering for cell-surface molecules yielded 159 genes. Of these, 29 had a mean expression ratio of >300 (P < 0.001), which represented 18 unique genes, and their positive expression in all fMSC samples was confirmed by RT-PCR. Candidates for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis were chosen for further analysis by immunocytochemistry. Surface expression of OSMR and COL1 proteins on all fMSC, but no maternal PBL was confirmed. Identification of novel surface antigens on circulating human fMSC and not maternal PBL facilitates positive selection strategies for isolating fMSC for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.
Design of Ultra-Low-Voltage RF Frontends With Complementary Current-Reused Architectures (2007)

In this paper, ultra-low-voltage circuit techniques are presented for CMOS RF frontends. By employing a complementary current-reused architecture, the RF building blocks including a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a single-balanced down-conversion mixer can operate at a reduced supply voltage with microwatt power consumption while maintaining reasonable circuit performance at multigigahertz frequencies. Based on the MOSFET model in moderate and weak inversion, theoretical analysis and design considerations of the proposed circuit techniques are described in detail. Using a standard 0.18-mum CMOS process, prototype frontend circuits are implemented at the 5-GHz frequency band for demonstration. From the measurement results, the fully integrated LNA exhibits a gain of 9.2 dB and a noise figure of 4.5 dB at 5 GHz, while the mixer has a conversion gain of 3.2 dB and an IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> of -8 dBm. Operated at a supply voltage of 0.6 V, the power consumptions of the LNA and the mixer are 900 and 792 muW, respectively.
Discussion of SPE 89325, "Beyond Beta Factors: A Complete Model for Darcy, Forchheimer, and Trans-Forchheimer Flow in Porous Media" (2005)

In SPE 89325, summarized in the March 2005 issue of JPT, Barree and Conway state that “new experimental data, under high-rate flow conditions, showed conclusively that Forchheimer’s equation, like Darcy’s law, has a limited range of applicability.” We agree with Barree and Conway that when flow tests have significant non-Darcy effects, interpretation is not always straightforward. However, we disagree with Barree and Conway that Forchheimer’s equation cannot be used to describe pressure-loss velocity dependency at high rates of practical relevance, and we would like to present data collected in two other laboratories to support our point of view. At FracTech, high-rate gas-flow tests on proppant packs have been conducted since the early 1990s. The tests are typically conducted with nitrogen at ambient conditions to measure the flow rates accurately. Fig. D-1 shows a Forchheimer graph for 20/40-mesh sand at 2-lbm/ft2 concentration for values of ρv/µ up to 330. The data show a linear trend with a coefficient-of-determination value, R2, of 0.9991. This range for ρv/µ is double that in Fig. 2 of SPE 89325. These data were originally presented in SPE 90406. Fig. D-2 is another Forchheimer graph from SPE 90406. The data presented are for resin-coated lightweight proppant with a 16/20-mesh size distribution. Again, a linear relation with an R2 of 0.9998 is observed over the range of ρv/µ values from 10 to 320. At Halliburton’s European Research Center (ERC), high-rate flow tests on proppant packs have been conducted with water as the flowing medium. Fig. D-3 shows the results of two such flow tests with 18/30-mesh high-strength proppant at 160°C and 10,000-psi stress. Again, the Forchheimer graphs show a linear trend (R2 of 0.99+) for each test over a similar range of ρv/µ values for which Barree and Conway claim nonlinear behavior. Last, but not least, we would like to share a Forchheimer graph for a pack of 1-in.-long pins as shown in Fig. D-4. The Forchheimer plot, shown in Fig. D-5, again shows a linear behavior over the entire ρv/µ range evaluated. The shape of the particulate used appears not to affect the linear behavior. The main difficulty in the use of the Forchheimer graph is illustrated by the two data sets presented in Fig. D-3: Although the slope of the lines is almost identical (meaning identical Beta factors), the intercepts with the y-axis that represent the inverse absolute permeability differ significantly. We conclude that, for practical purposes when non-Darcy effects are important, the Forchheimer equation and graph can be used.
Effect of Delayed Cord Clamping on Hemoglobin Level among Newborns in Rajiv Gandhi Government Women & Children Hospital, Puducherry (2014)

Introduction-Anemia is one of common disorders not only in adults but also found in infants too. In developing countries, prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is highest.Up to 50% of children become anemic by 12 months of age. A first step towards reducing anemia in infancy can be taken during birth is Delayed cord clamping that makes use of readily available blood from the feto-placental compartment, estimated roughly 120 ml/kg of fetal weight. These additional volumes of blood can supply extra iron amounting to 40–50 mg/kg of body weight. When this extra iron is added to the approximately 75 mg/kg of body iron that a full-term newborn is born with, the total amount of iron can reach 115–125 mg/kg of body weight, which may help prevent iron deficiency during the first year of life. Objectives-To compare the hemoglobin level at birth & 24 hours after birth in both the Group I(cord was clamped within 15 seconds of birth ) and Group II (clamped at 3 minutes)newborns. To correlate the cord clamping time with the Hemoglobin level of the term newborns. Methodology-Experimental design was adopted. 61 newborns (Group I – 30 and Group II- 31), selected through simple random sampling. Standardized. Sahli’s Hemoglobin meter was used to estimate the Hemoglobin from the cord blood at birth and capillary blood obtained by heel stick at 24 hours from the Newborns. Result and findings-The mean hemoglobin levels at birth and at 24 hours were 17.75 gms% ± 1.567 and 19.97 gms% ± 1.511, 16.97 gms% ± 1.134 and 19.59 gms% ± 1.395 for Group I and II respectively. The calculated‘t’ values (5.644 and 7.599 at birth and 24 hours) shows there is highly significant difference between Group I and II Hemoglobin levels.There was a positive correlation (r =0.591 at birth and r =0.4198 at 24 hours) found between cord clamping timing and the hemoglobin level.Conclusion-Delayed clamping group has higher range of hemoglobin levels at birth and 24 hours, therefore delayed clamping can be considered to improve the hemoglobin levels in newborns.
A Doherty Architecture With High Feasibility and Defined Bandwidth Behavior (2013)

This paper presents a complete and rigorous theoretical investigation of a Doherty architecture with a novel output combining network. The benefits in terms of bandwidth and feasibility held by the proposed topology are investigated and compared with the conventional one. In particular, the theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed output combiner allows to implement a Doherty amplifier with defined bandwidth (narrower or broader) without worsening in performances. Moreover, the proposed solution results in a more feasible structure with respect to the classical one, especially when high output power levels are sought. The theoretical results are validated through the design and realization of a prototype based on commercial GaN active devices. Experimental results show 42-dBm output power and 65% peak efficiency with a flat behavior in the 1.95-2.25-GHz frequency band (i.e., 14% of relative bandwidth) under continuous wave signal. Moreover, 50% average efficiency at 38-dBm average output power with -45 dBc of adjacent channel power ratio is demonstrated under 5-MHz 3GPP driving signal using a simple polynomial digital pre-distortion.
Reflection and refraction of ballistic electrons through different carrier concentration regions (1992)

Transmission and reflection characteristics of ballistic electrons are studied in a macroscopic four-terminal square device with a strip Schottky gate placed so as to bisect the device. Since the gate is negatively biased, a bend resistance peak at zero magnetic field, which is induced by ballistic electron injection into an opposite voltage probe, varies from positive to negative, and a magnetic focusing peak shifts to a lower field. These phenomena arise from the reflection of ballistic electrons crossing regions of different electron densities. The transmission and reflection probabilities are determined as a function of gate voltage, and are related to the change in the refractive index of ballistic electrons.
Cardiovascular Syncope Is the Most Common Cause of Drop Attacks in the Elderly (1997)

Drop attacks are defined as a sudden loss of postural tone without loss of consciousness. The mechanism is often unknown. This report examines findings in consecutive elderly patients with drop attacks referred to a dedicated "syncope and falls" center. Thirty-five patients were included. A diagnosis was established in 25 (71%); cardioinhibitory cartoid sinus syndrome (CSS) or mixed CSS in 15, vasodepressor CSS in 3, orthostatic hypotension in 5, vasovagal syncope in 1, and gait imbalance in 1. In 21%, more than one pathological diagnosis was present. In conclusion, absence of a history of syncope is unreliable in elderly patients, and these individuals should be routinely investigated for hemodynamic changes during carotid massage and standing.
RC hardened FPGA configuration SRAM cell design (2004)

A radiation hardened configuration bit cell design is proposed for an SRAM-based FPGA used in space application. The p-type gate poly on p-substrate structure provides a radiation immune resistor and a capacitor for RC hardened signal path. In addition to area efficiency, the proposed cell also overcomes the traditional linear energy transfer sensitivity to process and temperature variation.
Preliminary study of behavioral and safety effects of driver dependence on a warning system in a driving simulator (2006)

Warning systems are being developed to improve traffic safety using visual, auditory, and/or tactile displays by informing drivers of the existence of a threat in the roadway. Behavioral and safety effects of driver dependence on such a warning system, especially when the warning system is unreliable, were investigated in a driving-simulator study. Warning-system accuracy was defined in terms of miss rate (MR) and positive predictive value (PPV) (PPV is the fraction of warnings that were correct detections). First, driver behavior and performance were measured across four warning-system accuracy conditions. Second, the authors estimated the probability of collision in each accuracy condition to measure the overall system effectiveness in terms of safety benefit. Combining these results, a method was proposed to evaluate the degree of driver dependence on a warning system and its effect on safety. One major result of the experiment was that the mean driving speed decreased as the missed detection rate increased, demonstrating a decrease in driver's reliance on warnings when the system was less effective in detecting threats. Second, both the acceleration-pedal and brake-pedal reaction times increased as the PPV of the warning system decreased, demonstrating a decrease in driver compliance with warnings when the system became more prone to false alarms. A key implication of the work is that performance is not necessarily directly correlated to warning-system quality or trends in subjective ratings, highlighting the importance of objective evaluation. Practical applications of the work include design and analysis of in-vehicle warning systems
Text similarity: an alternative way to search MEDLINE (2006)

Harold.Garner@UTSouthwestern.edu.
ADVANCED SEA CLUTTER MODELS AND THEIR USEFULNESS FOR TARGET DETECTION (2013)

Abstract: Robust naval target detection is of significant importance to national security, to navigation safety, and to environmental monitoring. Here we consider the particular case of high resolution coastal radars, working at low grazing angles. The robustness of detection heavily relies on the appropriate knowledge of two classes of backscattered signals: the target echo, and the sea echo. The latter, usually regarded as a noise, is known as the sea clutter. This particular combination, of high resolution and low grazing angles, raises considerable challenges to radar processing algorithms. Specifically, the probability density function governing the sea clutter amplitude is no more Gaussian and a lot of effort has been aimed at characterizing it. Three approaches are reviewed here: the stochastic, texture and chaotic models. While the stochastic models represent an essay to extend classical detection theory to radars operating in marine environment, the other two models represent entirely new paradigms. Since each model has its strengths and weaknesses and more testing on real data is required to credibly validate any of the proposed models, a definitive conclusion is far from reach. However, critical comments, as well as experimentally supported conclusions are presented in the paper.
Doping Enhancement by Excimer Laser Irradiation in Gas Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy of GaAs (1987)

Ultraviolet ArF excimer laser irradiation is found to enhance the doping efficiency from disilane in gas source molecular beam epitaxial growth of n-GaAs. The enhancement is observed in two configurations in which the laser beam is directed either normal or parallel to the substrate surface. The increase in doping efficiency is caused by the photolytic decomposition of disilane.
INITIATION OF RNA SYNTHESIS AT THE 39-END OF EXOGENOUS VIRAL RNA TEMPLATES REQUIRES 59- AND 39-TERMINAL COMPLEMENTARY SEQUENCE MOTIFS OF THE VIRAL RNA* (1999)

Positive strand viral replicases are membrane-bound complexes of viral and host proteins. The mechanism of viral replication and the role of host proteins are not well understood. To understand this mechanism, a viral replicase assay that utilizes extracts from dengue virusinfected mosquito (C6/36) cells and exogenous viral RNA templates is reported in this study. The 5*- and 3*-terminal regions (TR) of the template RNAs contain the conserved elements including the complementary (cyclization) motifs and stem-loop structures. RNA synthesis in vitro requires both 5*- and 3*-TR present in the same template molecule or when the 5*-TR RNA was added in trans to the 3*-untranslated region (UTR) RNA. However, the 3*-UTR RNA alone is not active. RNA synthesis occurs by elongation of the 3*-end of the template RNA to yield predominantly a double-stranded hairpin-like RNA product, twice the size of the template RNA. These results suggest that an interaction between 5*- and 3*-TR of the viral RNA that modulates the 3*-UTR RNA structure is required for RNA synthesis by the viral replicase. The complementary cyclization motifs of the viral genome also seem to play an important role in this interaction.
Self-tuning predictive PID controller (1991)

A recursive algorithm for the automatic tuning of PID regulators is described. The tuning strategy is based on the minimisation of a performance index which considers the quadratic deviations of the predicted output, over the set point, as well as the control efforts, over a time horizon. The adaptive version of this algorithm follows an explicit scheme so that the applications are not limited to self-tuning in the commissioning phase. It can also be applied to parameter adaptive control. The method has been successfully tested and some results are presented.
Methylation of AR locus does not always reflect X chromosome inactivation state (2012)

Clonality can be established by a lack of mosaicism in a female because of random inactivation of either the maternal or paternal X chromosome early in embryogenesis. The methylation status of CpG sites close to the trinucleotide repeats in exon 1 of the human androgen receptor (AR) X chromosome gene assay (HUMARA) has been used to determine clonality. This HUMARA at times indicated clonal hematopoiesis in healthy elderly women, thus precluding its applicability. We used a clonality assay based on quantitative expression of polymorphic X chromosome genes (qTCA) and found no evidence of clonal hematopoiesis in healthy nonanemic elderly persons. We found instances of discordance between HUMARA results and those obtained by pyrosequencing and qTCA methods, as well as by directly quantifying AR gene expression. To determine the basis of this discrepancy we examined the methylation pattern of the AR locus subject to HUMARA. Notably, we found the extent of DNA methylation to be highly variable at the AR gene in granulocytes of persons with discordant results and also in erythroid burst-forming unit colonies but not in those with clonal hematopoiesis. These data provide the molecular basis of incomplete correlation with the pattern of DNA methylation of this X chromosome AR gene locus.
A visualization approach to motif discovery in DNA sequences (2007)

Given a set of DNA sequences, the motif finding problem involves finding short DNA sequences or consensus patterns that occur surprisingly often, without any prior knowledge of what these patterns looks like. This paper proposes a visualization technique and algorithm for finding motifs in DNA sequences. The authors demonstrate that the performance of the motif finding algorithm is significantly improved with the proposed visualization technique. In the proposed method, each nucleotide base {A, T, C, G} in a DNA sequence is assigned a unique integer as a function of its immediate subsequent base, allowing the DNA sequence to be mapped to a corresponding numeric sequence. This numeric sequence is then plotted in 3-D space. After plotting multiple DNA sequences in the same 3-D space, approximately identical regions of the plots are aligned by translation and rotational transformations. The images of the approximately identical regions appear as clusters in the combined sequence image and are then used to generate the l-mers alignment matrix from which the nucleotide profile matrix is computed. Finally, the profile matrix is used to generate the consensus string pattern or motif.
Impedance feature extraction of breast cancer and the surrounding tissues (2010)

The parameters to distinguish breast cancer and the surrounding tissues are studied in this paper. By studying the impedance data of the 46 groups of sample, five parameters are extracted, which are projection slopes, the center coordinates of the COLE-COLE curve, the area ratio of difference curve, the fitting slope of difference curve, and the span of difference curve. During the quantitative analysis, it is found that those parameters have a good distinction effect. The distinction accuracy of area ratio to the cancer, gland and adipose is 87.5%, 94.4%, and 83.3% respectively. The distinction accuracy of the fitting slope of difference curve to the cancer, gland and adipose is 87.5%, 94.4%, and 100% respectively. The distinction accuracy of the span of difference curve to the cancer, gland and adipose is 87.5%, 94.4%, and 100% respectively.
Nefopam analgesia and its role in multimodal analgesia: A review of preclinical and clinical studies (2015)

Nefopam is a non-opioid, non-steroidal, centrally acting analgesic drug used to prevent postoperative pain, primarily in the context of multimodal analgesia. This paper reviews preclinical and clinical studies in which nefopam has been combined with opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds, and paracetamol. This report focuses on the literature during the last decade and discusses the translational efforts between animal and clinical studies in the context of multimodal or balanced analgesia. In preclinical rodent models of acute and inflammatory pain, nefopam combinations including opioids revealed a synergistic interaction or enhanced morphine analgesia in six out of seven studies. Nefopam combinations including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (aspirin, ketoprofen or nimesulide) or paracetamol likewise showed enhanced analgesic effects for the associated compound in all instances. Clinical studies have been performed in various types of surgeries involving different pain intensities. Nefopam combinations including opioids resulted in a reduction in morphine consumption in 8 out of 10 studies of severe or moderate pain. Nefopam combinations including NSAIDs (ketoprofen or tenoxicam) or paracetamol also demonstrated a synergic interaction or an enhancement of the analgesic effect of the associated compound. In conclusion, this review of nefopam combinations including various analgesic drugs (opioids, NSAIDs and paracetamol) reveals that enhanced analgesia was demonstrated in most preclinical and clinical studies, suggesting a role for nefopam in multimodal analgesia based on its distinct characteristics as an analgesic. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the analgesic effects of nefopam combinations including NSAIDs or paracetamol.