gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multicast with cache (Mcache): an adaptive zero-delay video-on-demand service (2001)

A closed-loop (demand-driven) approach toward video-on-demand services, called multicast cache (Mcache), is discussed. Servers use multicast to reduce their bandwidth usage by allowing multiple requests to be served with a single data stream. However, this requires clients to delay receiving the movie until the multicast starts. Using regional cache servers deployed over many strategic locations, Mcache can remove the initial playout delays of clients in multicast-based video streaming. While requests are batched together for a multicast, clients can receive the prefix of a requested movie clip from caches located in their own regions. The multicast containing the later portion of the movie can wait until the prefix is played out. While this use of regional caches has been proposed previously, the novelty of our scheme lies in that the requests coming after the multicast starts can still be batched together to be served by multicast patches without any playout delays. The use of patches was proposed before, but they are used either with unicast or with playout delays. Mcache effectively hires the idea of a multicast patch with caches to provide a truly adaptive video-on demand service whose bandwidth usage is up to par with the best known open-loop schemes under high request rates while using only minimal bandwidth under low request rates. In addition, efficient use of multicast and caches removes the need for a priori knowledge of client disk storage requirements which some of the existing schemes assume. This makes Mcache ideal for the current heterogeneous Internet environments where those parameters are hard to predict. We further propose the Segmented Mcache (SMcache) scheme which is a generalized and improved version of Mcache where the clip is partitioned into several segments in order to preserve the advantages of the original Mcache scheme with nearly the same server bandwidth requirement as the open loop schemes under high request rates.
Stress Renders T Cell Blasts Sensitive to Killing by Activated Syngeneic NK Cells (2000)

Exposure of primary T cell blasts to stress in the forms of heat, hydrogen peroxide, or high-density growth conditions resulted in a state of enhanced susceptibility to killing by syngeneic IL-2-activated NK cells or lymphokine-activated killer cells, but not to killing by CTL. Cytotoxicity was perforin mediated and was not due to decreased target expression of total MHC class I. The levels of stress used had little effect on cell viability. For thermal stress, sensitization increased with temperature, required a minimum exposure time, and disappeared when cells were given a long enough recovery time. Our data support a model that predicts that activated NK cells play a role in the immunosurveillance of nontransformed stressed cells in normal animals.
Technology and Clinical Application of Large‐Bore and Implantable Catheters (1994)

The access of choice for patients receiving regular dialysis therapy remains the surgically created arteriovenous fistula. In a number of such patients as well as those requiring treatment for acute renal failure, plasmapheresis or hemoperfusion alternative techniques of access are used. Of the techniques used subclavian and femoral catheterization are preferred for short-term vascular access while in patients requiring long term vascular access the use of a surgically inserted central venous line is favoured. The technology performance and clinical aspects of the use of large bore and implantable catheters are reviewed.
FLUORESCENT CROWN ETHER REAGENT FOR ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METAL IONS (1982)

Abstract N-(4-methylumbelliferone-8-methylene)-monoaza-15-crown-5 (1) and -18-crown-6 (2) extracted most efficiently lithium and potassium, respectively, from aqueous solution to 1,2-dichloroethane. The similar fluorescent crown ether derived from diaza-18-crown-6 (3) was selective to calcium. The fluorimetric determination of lithium and calcium was feasible by using 1 and 3, respectively.
Liquid-phase methanol. Final report (1979)

This report is the final report in the RP317 series. This project dealt with the development of the Liquid-Phase Methanol Reactor. The concept of this reactor involves carrying out the synthesis of methanol in an ebullated bed of catalyst in the presence of an inert liquid heat carrier. Work was carried out on laboratory, continuous bench-scale, and a process development unit. Previous reports on this project included AF202 and AF693.
Dual-band microstrip patch antenna element with shorting pins for GSM (2002)

A dual-band microstrip patch antenna element is presented. The element configuration consists on a rectangular patch with 8 shorting pins and coaxial feed. A prototype was designed, fabricated and tested to be used in a GSM 900/1800 base station antenna. Good agreement has been obtained between theoretical and experimental results. To provide the required bandwidth for both GSM bands a double-layer structure is under analysis.
Blood platelet behaviour during infusion of an Intralipid based intravenous feeding mixture (1982)

Abstract Blood platelet behaviour was studied in six patients during infusion of an Intralipid-based intravenous feeding mixture. Lower concentrations of sodium arachidonate were required to induce platelets to aggregate and to undergo a release reaction during intravenous feeding than were required before or after intravenous feeding. This change was not due to a change in serum albumin level. The platelet behaviour that was induced by adenosine diphosphate or by adrenaline remained unchanged during intravenous feeding.
Automated glue/wrapper code generation in integration of distributed and heterogeneous software components (2004)

UniFrame is a framework to help organizations to build interoperable distributed computing systems. Using UniFrame, a new system is built by assembling predeveloped heterogeneous and distributed software components. UniFrame solves the heterogeneity problem by explicitly modeling the domain knowledge of various technology domains (component model domains, programming language domains, operating system platform domains, etc.), from which the interoperation generative domain model (IGDM) straddling the technology domains can be constructed. The glue/wrapper code that realizes the interoperation among the distributed and heterogeneous software components can be generated from the IGDM. An informal implementation in Java of glue/wrapper code generator is given, followed by a discussion on a formalization of IGDM. The formalism comes from the fact that if the family of glue/wrapper code can be modeled formally, an instance glue/wrapper code can be generated automatically. In this formalization, the IGDM is formally modeled as a language definition using a grammar; the code that realizes the interoperation is a valid sentence derivable from the grammar, and will be generated automatically from the IGDM during the assembly time.
Virtualizing and Scheduling Optical Network Infrastructure for Emerging IT Services [Invited] (2009)

Emerging IT service providers that aim at delivering supercomputing power available to the masses over the Internet rely on high-performance IT resources interconnected with ultra-high-performance optical networks. To adjust the provisioning of the resources to end-user demand variations, new infrastructure capabilities have to be supported. These capabilities have to take into account the business requirements of telecom networks. This paper proposes a service framework to offer Internet service providers dynamic access to extensible virtual private execution infrastructures, through on-demand and in-advance bandwidth and resource reservation services. This virtual infrastructure service concept is being studied in the CARRIOCAS project and implemented thanks to the scheduling, reconfiguration, and virtualization (SRV) component. This entity handles the service requests, aggregates them, and triggers the provisioning of different types of resources accordingly. We propose to adapt to envisioned heterogeneous needs by multiplexing rigid and flexible requests as well as coarse or fine demands. The goal is to optimize both resource provisioning and utility functions. Considering the options of advanced network bandwidth reservations and allocations, the optimization problem is formulated. The impacts of the malleability factor are studied by simulation to assess the gain.
Adaptive Modeling of a Magnetorheological Clutch (2014)

In this paper, a new open-loop model for a magnetorheological-based actuator is presented. The model consists of two parts relating the output torque of the actuator to its internal magnetic field, and the internal magnetic field to the applied current. Each part possesses its own hysteretic behavior. The first part uses a novel nonlinear adaptive model that relates the internal magnetic field to the applied current. The second part uses an open-loop Bingham model to relate the output torque to an internal magnetic field. The model facilitates accurate control of the actuator using its input current. It also eliminates the need for force/torque sensors for providing feedback signals. The accuracy of the constructed model is validated through simulations. The model is assessed against a widely accepted hysteresis modeling approach, known as the Preisach model and its advantages are highlighted. Experimental results using the prototyped actuation mechanism further verify the accuracy of the model and demonstrate its effectiveness.
Dendritic Heterojunction Nanowire Arrays for High-Performance Supercapacitors (2015)

Herein, we designed and synthesized for the first time a series of 3D dendritic heterojunction arrays on Ni foam substrates, with NiCo2S4 nanowires as cores and NiCo2O4, NiO, Co3O4, and MnO2 nanowires as branches, and studied systematically their electrochemical performance in comparison with their counterparts in core/shell structure. Attributed to the following reasons: (1) both core and branch are pseudocapacitively active materials, (2) the special dendritic structure with considerable inter-nanowire space enables easy access of electrolyte to the core and branch surfaces, and (3) the highly conductive NiCo2S4 nanowire cores provide "superhighways" for charge transition, NiCo2S4-cored dendritic heterojunction electrodes synergistically lead to ultrahigh specific capacitance, good rate capability, and excellent cycling life. These results of core/branch dentritic heterojunction arrays is universially superior to their core/shell conterparts, thus this is a significant improvement of overall electrochemical performance.
A new self-aligning contact process for MOS LSI (1978)

A new Self-Aligning Contact (SAC) process which forms high density contact holes and flat device surface is proposed. Several new techniques which are necessary for the SAC process are established. Especially, a plasma-reactive-sputter etching technique makes it easy to etch double layered nitride and polysilicon. The potentiality of the SAC process to the future fine pattern MOS LSI process is verified by the good yield and high performance of the fabricated 1K RAM.
A Short Form of the Prolactin (PRL) Receptor Is Able to Rescue Mammopoiesis in Heterozygous PRL Receptor Mice (2003)

The heterozygous prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR +/-) mouse fails to develop a fully functional mammary gland at the end of the first pregnancy and shows markedly impaired lobuloalveolar development and milk secretion in young females. The PRLR is expressed ubiquitously, with various proportions of long and short isoforms in different tissues. Conflicting data have appeared on the putative role of the receptor short forms, with both agonist and antagonistic actions proposed. To assess whether the mouse PR-1 short isoform of the PRLR is potentially able to transduce a signal, we overexpressed it in heterozygous mice and investigated its effect on the rescue of mammary development. PRLR+/- mice were not able to develop a functional mammary gland, but restoration of mammary alveolar development and an increase in the expressions of casein and whey acidic protein genes were observed in transgenic PRLR+/- mice expressing the short form of the PRLR, leading to a complete rescue of mammary gland development and function in young females. These results demonstrate that PR-1, the short form of the PRLR, can improve mammary development in PRLR+/- mice, which compensates for the haploinsufficiency of the receptor long form; this effect is probably caused by accelerated proliferation and an activation of the PRLR signaling cascade, resulting in activation of target genes involved in mammary development and milk synthesis.
Ferromagnetic Resonance to Investigate Spin Pumping in Permalloy Multilayers (2017)

Coplanar Waveguide Ferromagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (CPW-FMR) was used to investigate the spin dynamics of the thin film multilayers Py/Ir vs. Py/Cu/Ir. The properties of both sample sets were evaluated as a function of the Ir thickness. The gyromagnetic ratio, 𝛾, is found to be independent of the Ir thickness and determined to be approximately 29.4 GHz/T for all samples. The magnetization, M, is found to be 7249 G for the Py/Cu/Ir samples compared to 7630 G for the Py standard. For the Py/Ir bilayer, M decreases as Ir thickness increases, ranging from 7641 G to 7293 G. The thickness dependence on M for Py/Ir is believed to be caused by induced perpendicular anisotropy. The inhomogeneous broadening (ΔH0) is nearly double for Py/Ir compared to Py/Cu/Ir. There is a strong enhancement of the Gilbert damping parameter when the Ir layer has a direct interface with magnetic layer (α = 0.023) compared to when the interfaces are interrupted with a Cu layer (α = 0.013). The control sample Py demonstrated a damping parameter consistent with other investigations (α = 0.0084). This indicates the presence of spin memory loss at the interface of Py and Ir. Effective Spin mixing conductance, geff, was found to be 8.8 ± 0.3 nm−2 for Py/Cu/Ir, and 25.2 ± 0.5 nm−2 for the Py/Ir samples. There is a thickness dependence on the damping for the Py/Ir samples that was not observed Py/Cu/Ir samples. This is believed to be related to a proximity effect for the Py-Ir interface. The thickness dependence on the damping for Py/Ir was found to be approximately λ=0.5 ± 0.1 nm.
Turn off trigger energy characteristics of the superconducting power electronics device (S-PED)-in case of type d (1999)

S-PED means a superconducting power electronics device. We made some thermally controlled S-PED which is a normally-on device. They work up to 100 Hz as a full wave rectifier. For the power supply of superconducting magnets, the flux pump can be used as SPEED (superconducting power electronics excitation device). In this paper, we describe the turn off characteristics of one of the S-PED (type d). The relations between generated resistance, gate-trigger energy and channel current were obtained.
Bulletin No. 2 : February 2, 1929 / (1929)

Shortages are showing up in many lines. The one sure way to avoid disappointment is
Penalized-distance volumetric skeleton algorithm (2001)

Introduces a refined general definition of a skeleton that is based on a penalized distance function and that cannot create any of the degenerate cases of the earlier CEASAR (Center-line Extraction Algorithm-Smooth, Accurate and Robust) and TEASAR (Tree-structure Extraction Algorithm for Skeletons-Accurate and Robust) algorithms. Additionally, we provide an algorithm that finds the skeleton accurately and rapidly. Our solution is fully automatic, which frees the user from having to engage in manual data pre-processing. We present the accurate skeletons computed on a number of test data sets. The algorithm is very efficient, as demonstrated by the running times, which were all below seven minutes.
Spotlight on teriflunomide. (2008)

Currently, licensed disease-modifying agents for multiple sclerosis (MS) all share the need for parenteral administration. Oral therapies would carry the advantage of convenience and greater acceptability. Teriflunomide is one of several oral agents currently undergoing Phase III investigation. This article describes the mode of action of teriflunomide which largely depends on inhibition of pyrimidine synthesis. We review the evidence so far on the efficacy of teriflunomide in animal models and Phase II human studies. In view of teriflunomides favourable safety profile it appears to be a promising oral alternative to interferon beta and glatiramer acetate. The ongoing Phase III investigations of teriflunomide as mono- and combination therapy are discussed.
Molecular Characterization of an Interleukin-4-inducing Factor from Schistosoma mansoni Eggs (2003)

The eggs of the parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni are powerful inducers of a T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response and immunoglobulin E (IgE) production. S. mansoni egg extract (SmEA) stimulates human basophils to rapidly release large amounts of interleukin (IL)-4, the key promoter of a Th2 response. Here we show purification and sequence of the IL-4-inducing principle of S. mansoni eggs (IPSE). Stimulation studies with human basophils using SmEA fractions and natural and recombinant IPSE as well as neutralization and immunodepletion studies using antibodies to recombinant IPSE demonstrate that IPSE is the bioactive principle in SmEA leading to activation of basophils and to expression of IL-4 and IL-13. Regarding the mechanism of action, blot analysis showed that IPSE is an IgE-binding factor, suggesting that it becomes effective via cross-linking receptor-bound IgE on basophils. Immunohistology revealed that IPSE is enriched in and secreted from the subshell area of the schistosome egg. We conclude from these data that IPSE may be an important parasite-derived component for skewing the immune response toward Th2.
Prevalence of Optimal Treatment Regimens in Patients With Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension Based on Office Blood Pressure in a Community-Based Practice Network (2013)

Hypertensive patients with clinical blood pressure (BP) uncontrolled on ≥3 antihypertensive medications (ie, apparent treatment-resistant hypertension [aTRH]) comprise ≈28% to 30% of all uncontrolled patients in the United States. However, the proportion receiving these medications in optimal doses is unknown; aTRH is used because treatment adherence and measurement artifacts were not available in electronic record data from our >200 community-based clinics Outpatient Quality Improvement Network. This study sought to define the proportion of uncontrolled hypertensives with aTRH on optimal regimens and clinical factors associated with optimal therapy. During 2007-2010, 468 877 hypertensive patients met inclusion criteria. BP <140/<90 mm Hg defined control. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess variables independently associated with optimal therapy (prescription of diuretic and ≥2 other BP medications at ≥50% of maximum recommended hypertension doses). Among 468 877 hypertensives, 147 635 (31.5%) were uncontrolled; among uncontrolled hypertensives, 44 684 were prescribed ≥3 BP medications (30.3%), of whom 22 189 (15.0%) were prescribed optimal therapy. Clinical factors independently associated with optimal BP therapy included black race (odds ratio, 1.40 [95% confidence interval, 1.32-1.49]), chronic kidney disease (1.31 [1.25-1.38]), diabetes mellitus (1.30 [1.24-1.37]), and coronary heart disease risk equivalent status (1.29 [1.14-1.46]). Clinicians more often prescribe optimal therapy for aTRH when cardiovascular risk is greater and treatment goals lower. Approximately 1 in 7 of all uncontrolled hypertensives and 1 in 2 with uncontrolled aTRH are prescribed ≥3 BP medications in optimal regimens. Prescribing more optimal pharmacotherapy for uncontrolled hypertensives including aTRH, confirmed with out-of-office BP, could improve hypertension control.
Generalized mixture of HMMs for continuous speech recognition (2002)

This paper presents a new technique for modeling heterogeneous data sources such as speech signals received via distinctly different channels. Such a scenario arises when an automatic speech recognition system is deployed in wireless telephony in which highly heterogeneous channels coexist and interoperate. The problem is that a simple model may become inadequate to describe accurately the diversity of the signal, resulting in an unsatisfactory recognition performance. To deal with such a problem, we propose a generalized mixture model (GMM) approach. For speech signals, in particular, we use mixtures of hidden Markov models (i.e., GMHMM, generalized mixture of HMMs). By applying discriminative training for GMHMM we obtained 1.0% word error rate for the recognition of the digits strings from the wireless database, comparing to 1.4% word error rate for the conventional HMM based discriminative technique.
Proton MR spectroscopy and MRI-volumetry in mild traumatic brain injury. (2007)

WBNAA detected neuronal/axonal injury beyond the minimal focal MR-visible lesions in mTBI. Combined with GM atrophy, the findings may provide further, noninvasive insight into the nature and progression of mTBI.
Reactions of triplet methylene radicals with alkanes (1968)

Studies have been made of the products resulting from reaction between triplet methylene and several alkanes, propane, n-butane, and isobutane. Triplet methylene was produced by photolysis of diazomethane in the presence of a large excess of inert nitrogen gas. Complicating side reactions involving diazomethane were encountered.Observation of higher products allowed the determination of the relative rates of 1°:2°:3° H abstraction from C—H bonds; these are ~1:14:150. The rate of addition of 3 CH 2 to the C=C bond in ethylene appears to proceed ~ 3.5 times faster than H abstraction from a 3 °C—H bond. The possible occurrence of insertion by 3 CH 2 into C—H bonds is discussed and relative rates of insertion for 1°:2°:3° bonds are deduced to be ~ 1:2:7. Comparisons of the relative rates of insertion abstraction are also given. Studies with propane-d 6 indicated an isotope effect for abstraction of H:D from the 1 position of ~ 3.9; insertion by 3 CH 2 into the same position showed an isotope effect of ~ 2.
A 33.2Mvertices/sec Programmable Geometry Engine for Multimedia Embedded Systems (2005)

The paper proposes a programmable geometry engine (GE) reducing the expensive internal buffers and register files of the conventional programmable GEs and sharing the datapaths of a special function unit. The proposed GE is appropriate for the embedded 3D graphics environment where the reduction of hardware cost is a critical issue. The degraded performance caused by the hardware reduction is compensated by a variable write-back timing architecture with a dynamic hazard controller and a data forwarding method. The GE is implemented by a 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and has the performance of up to 33.2M vertices/sec, which is 1.66 times improvement on previous work. Its equivalent gate count is 206k and operating frequency is 166 MHz.
Acoustic Metamaterial Panels for Sound Attenuation in the 50 - 1000 Hz Regime (2010)

We show experimentally that thin membrane-type acoustic meta-materials can serve as a total reflection nodal surface at certain frequencies. The small decay length of the evanescent waves at these frequencies implies that several membrane panels can be stacked to achieve broad-frequency effectiveness. We report the realization of acoustic metamaterial panels with thickness < 15mm and weight < 3 kg/m2 demonstrating 19.5dB of internal sound transmission loss (STL) at around 200 Hz, and stacked panels with thickness < 60 mm and weight < 15 kg/m2 demonstrating an average STL of > 40dB over a broad range from 50 to 1000 Hz.