gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smectic liquid crystals. VIII. Some new laterally substituted smectic C compounds (1989)

Abstract The synthesis and liquid crystal transition temperatures of a new class of compounds incorporating a trans-1,4-disubstituted cyclohexane ring have recently been reported. Many of these novel materials exhibit an enantiotropic smectic C mesophase over a wide temperature range and are suitable for commercial display device applications. The influence of several lateral substituents in various positions on the liquid crystal transition temperatures of these compounds has now been investigated systematically. A linear relationship between the size of the lateral substituent and the magnitude of the transition temperatures of various liquid crystal mesophases has been established for several of the series synthesized. A number of series incorporating a lateral substituent and an optically active centre have also been prepared and similar effects have been found.
Why I Will Never Have a Girlfriend (2002)

Informal empirical and anecdotal evidence from the (male) scientific community has long pointed to the difficulty in securing decent, long-term female companionship. To date, however, no one has published a rigorous study of the matter. In this essay, the author investigates himself as a case study and presents a proof, using simple statistical calculus, of why it is impossible to find a girlfriend. Why don’t I have a girlfriend? This is a question that practically every male has asked himself at one point or another in his life. Unfortunately, there is rarely a hard and fast answer to the query. Many men try to reason their way through the dilemma nonetheless, often reaching a series of ridiculous explanations, each more self-deprecating than the last: “Is it because I’m too shy, and not aggressive enough? Is it my opening lines? Am I a boring person? Am I too fat or too thin? Or am I simply ugly and completely unattractive to women?” When all other plausible explanations have been discounted, most fall back on the time-honoured conclusion that “there must be Something WrongTM with me” before resigning themselves to lives of perpetual chastity.1 ∗This paper was written when the author was at Griffith University, Australia. After a short period of brooding, of course, these males will eventually come to the realization that the real reason they were never able to get a girlfriend is Not the author, though. I, for one, refuse to spend my life brooding over my lack of luck with women. While I’ll be the first to admit that my chances of ever entering into a meaningful relationship with someone special are practically non-existent, I staunchly refuse to admit that it has anything to do with some inherent problem with me. Instead, I am convinced that the situation can be readily explained in purely scientific terms, using nothing more than demographics and some elementary statistical calculus. Lest anyone suspect that my standards for women are too high, let me allay those fears by enumerating in advance my three criteria for the match. First, the potential girlfriend must be approximately my age—let’s say 21 plus or minus three or four years. Second, the girl must be beautiful (and I use that term allencompassingly to refer to both inner and outer beauty). Third, she must also be reasonably intelligent—she doesn’t have to be Mensa material, but the ability to carry on a witty, insightful argument would be nice. So there they are—three simple demands, which I’m sure everyone will agree are anything but unreasonable. That said, I now present my demonstration of why the probability of finding a suitthat they were too discriminating with their attentions. They will consequently return to the dating scene, entering a sequence of blase relationships with mediocre girls for whom they don’t really care, until they finally marry one out of fear of spending the rest of their lives alone. I am convinced that this behaviour is the real reason for today’s alarmingly high divorce rate.
Efficient Lentiviral Transduction and Transgene Expression in Primary Human B Cells (2012)

Primary human B cells are an attractive target for gene-therapeutic applications, but have been found to be relatively resistant toward transduction with lentiviral vectors (LVVs), even though a number of different envelope pseudotypes were tested. Moreover, low transgene expression in primary human B cells has impeded the use of LVVs for this target cell. We investigated the transduction potential of gibbon-ape leukemia virus (GALV) Env-pseudotyped LVVs for primary human B cells. By establishing optimized transduction kinetics and multiplicities of infection, we were able to regularly obtain transduction efficiencies of more than 50% in CD40L-activated B cells. Noteworthy, with the use of GALV-pseudotyped LVVs we could achieve a more than 10-fold higher yield of transduced activated B cells in direct comparison with LVVs pseudotyped with measles virus glycoproteins. Phenotyping of transduced primary B cells revealed a majority of memory B cells, a long-lived phenotype, presumed to be well suited for enduring therapeutic interventions. Finally, by combining the enhancer (Eμ) and the matrix/scaffold-attachment regions (MARs) of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain with the promoter of spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) we aimed at generating a novel LVV particularly suitable for B cell transgenesis. We show that the optimized vector facilitated significantly higher transgene expression in various B cell lines and, more importantly, primary human B cells (mean factor of three). In summary, we have established a novel protocol for the efficient lentiviral transduction of primary human B cells and have improved transgene expression in B cells by a specific vector modification.
The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2009)

Both overweight and obesity are associated with the incidence of multiple co-morbidities including type II diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Maintenance of a healthy weight could be important in the prevention of the large disease burden in the future. Further studies are needed to explore the biological mechanisms that link overweight and obesity with these co-morbidities.
Extragonadal Intraabdominal Mixed Germ Cell Tumor with Liver Metastasis: Successful Treatment and Long-term Follow-up (2013)

Extragonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs) are thought to derive from primordial germ cell precursors that become sequestered during embryologic migration and survive in ectopic locations. Their anatomic location can vary widely, with tumors occurring along the body midline, following the course of embryonal germ cells. Preferred sites include the mediastinum, the sacrococcygeal and pineal regions, the neck, and the retroperitoneum. Intraabdominally located extragonadal GCTs are extremely rare, with only a few cases reported in the English literature. We describe here an 18-month-old girl with an intraabdominal mixed GCT and liver metastasis, who was treated by surgical excision and postoperative chemotherapy.
Polorgrgphic Reduction of Delta 4-3-Ketosteroids in Well-Buffered Media (1958)

The polarographic reduction of progesterone, testosterone, methyltestos ‐terone, testosterone propionate, 17‐hydroxyprogesterone, 11‐deoxycorticosterone, 11‐deoxycorticosterone acetate, and 11‐deoxy‐17‐hydroxycorticosterone has been studied in relation to the changes in the wave effected by pH, temperature, concentration, and mercury pressure. The system used was 50% aqueous alcohol with organic buffers. Testosterone was also examined at pH 7 and above in phosphate and borate buffers. Wave splitting was found in these buffers that was nonexistent at comparable pH values in organic buffers.
Partial scan by use of empirical testability (2002)

The objective of the partial scan method proposed is to obtain maximum fault coverage for the number of scan elements selected. Empirical testability difference (ETD), a measure of the potential improvement in the overall testability of the circuit, is used to successively select storage elements for scan. ETD is calculated by using testability measures based on empirical evaluation of the circuit with the actual test sequence generator. In addition, ETD focuses on the hard-to-detect faults rather than all faults once such faults are known. The method has been extensively tested with ten of the sequential circuits given by F. Brglez et al. (1989) using the FASTEST provided by T. Kelsey and K. Saluja (1989). The results of these tests indicate that ETD yields on average either 27% of the number of uncovered faults for the same number of scan elements or 21% fewer scan elements for the same fault coverage compared to the other methods studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of argon pressure and substrate heating on the chromium underlayer used for high-density longitudinal CoNiCr media (1987)

Sputtered CoNiCr on Cr is one of the preferred material systems for high-density longitudinal recording media. dc magnetron sputtered Cr films, on Al substrates, were investigated for the effects of argon pressure and substrate temperature on the microstructure. High-resolution scanning electron micrographs reveal that the films made at lower argon pressures have acicular-shaped grains changing to faceted grain structures at higher argon pressures. The effect of substrate heating prior to deposition was to change the structure from acicular shape to cubic shape. X-ray diffraction work reveals a bcc(110) orientation for films deposited at lower argon pressures changing to a mixed phase at higher argon pressures. Increased substrate temperature caused a mixture of (110) and (200) orientation.
Structural mass spectrometry analysis of lipid changes in a <i>Drosophila</i> epilepsy model brain (2010)

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) is one of the most abundant phospholipids in many animal cell types. The Drosophila easily shocked (eas(2)) mutant, used as an epilepsy model, is null for the PtdEtn biosynthetic enzyme, ethanolamine kinase. This mutant displays bang sensitive paralysis, and was previously shown to have decreased levels of PtdEtn. We have developed a highly selective and sensitive measurement strategy using ion mobility-mass spectrometry for the relative quantitation of intact phospholipid species directly from isolated brain tissue of eas mutants. Over 1200 distinct lipid signals are observed and within this population 38, including PtdEtn, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) species are identified to have changed significantly (p < 0.03) between mutant and control tissue. This method has revealed for the first time the structural complexity and biosynthetic interconnectedness of specific PtdEtn and PtdIns lipid species within tissue, and provides great molecular detail compared to traditionally used detection techniques.
<i>SCN5A</i> Polymorphism Restores Trafficking of a Brugada Syndrome Mutation on a Separate Gene (2006)

This study suggests a mechanism whereby the Brugada syndrome has incomplete penetrance. More importantly, this study suggests that genetic polymorphisms may be a potential target for future therapies aimed at rescuing specific dysfunctional protein channels.
Modulation and Multiple Access for 5G Networks (2017)

Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks face various challenges in order to support large-scale heterogeneous traffic and users, therefore new modulation and multiple access (MA) schemes are being developed to meet the changing demands. As this research space is ever increasing, it becomes more important to analyze the various approaches, therefore in this article we present a comprehensive overview of the most promising modulation and MA schemes for 5G networks. We first introduce the different types of modulation that indicate their potential for orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes and compare their performance in terms of spectral efficiency, out-of-band leakage, and bit-error rate. We then pay close attention to various types of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) candidates, including power-domain NOMA, code-domain NOMA, and NOMA multiplexing in multiple domains. From this exploration we can identify the opportunities and challenges that will have significant impact on the design of modulation and MA for 5G networks.
Superior method for preparing sulfinyl chlorides (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSuperior method for preparing sulfinyl chloridesIrwin B. Douglass and Richard V. NortonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 5, 2104–2106Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01269a088https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01269a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-efficiency 5-watt power amplifier with harmonic tuning (2003)

An X-band power amplifier using harmonic tuning and a GaAs FET is described. The amplifier has demonstrated 36% power-added efficiency with 5 W of output power and a 6.0-dB gain at 10 GHz. The key to this design is determining and matching the optimum load impedance for power-added efficiency at the first two harmonics. Nonlinear models were used to study the effects of harmonic tuning and to determine the optimum harmonic terminations. Two amplifiers were designed that demonstrated high-efficiency power amplification at the 0.5-W and 5-W power levels, respectively. The effects of harmonic loading were demonstrated in the 0.5-W amplifier, where the maximum efficiency measured for a device tuned only at the fundamental was 44%, while the measured efficiency of the amplifier with optimum harmonic tuning was 49.3%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electric Field Effect on the Al-MgO-YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>y</sub> Structure (1990)

The electric field effect on YBa 2 Cu 3 O y was investigated at room temperature by using the Al-MgO-(001)YBa 2 Cu 3 O y metal-insulator-superconductor (MIS) structure. Special care was taken for preparation of a good interface: heteroepitaxial growth technology was employed for MgO-YBa 2 Cu 3 O y successive growth. A typical MIS capacitance-voltage ( C - V ) curve was obtained under the condition of the reduced carrier concentration, suggesting that the existing band diagram could be applicable to YBa 2 Cu 3 O y as well as to semiconductors.
Human factors in space station architecture 2. EVA access facility: A comparative analysis of 4 concepts for on-orbit space suit servicing (1987)

Four concepts for on-orbit spacesuit donning, doffing, servicing, check-out, egress and ingress are presented. These are: the Space Transportation System (STS) Type (shuttle system enlarged), the Transit Airlock (Shuttle Airlock with suit servicing removed from the pump-down chamber), the Suitport (a rear-entry suit mates to a port in the airlock wall), and the Crewlock (a small, individual, conformal airlock). Each of these four concepts is compared through a series of seven steps representing a typical Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) mission: (1) Predonning suit preparation; (2) Portable Life Support System (PLSS) preparation; (3) Suit Donning and Final Check; (4) Egress/Ingress; (5) Mid-EVA rest period; (6) Post-EVA Securing; (7) Non-Routine Maintenance. The different characteristics of each concept are articulated through this step-by-step approach. Recommendations concerning an approach for further evaluations of airlock geometry, anthropometrics, ergonomics, and functional efficiency are made. The key recommendation is that before any particular airlock can be designed, the full range of spacesuit servicing functions must be considered, including timelines that are most supportive of EVA human productivity.
What Management can Learn from Ratios (1975)

Why Ratios? The need for ratios rests upon the fact that absolute figures by themselves tell one very little about the performance of an organisation. The fact that a company made £1 million pre‐tax profit in its last financial year is no indication of its performance. If it had to deploy £1,000 millions of funds to achieve that profit then its performance was abysmally low. If it only employed £2 millions its performance was very good. In one sense then ratio analysis is concerned with expressing relationships between inputs and outputs, such as the capital required to support an activity and the profit earned from that activity; the sales achieved per square foot of sales space occupied; the cost per ton‐mile of delivering goods; and the way in which these different aspects relate to each other and to overall performance. In another sense they are concerned with relationships between aspects of a business which are crucial for its success, e.g. the relationship between short‐term assets and short term liabilities because it reflects the ability of the business to meet its obligations to creditors.
On the Mechanism of Pyridoxine Responsive Homocystinuria. II. Properties of Normal and Mutant Cystathionine β-Synthase from Cultured Fibroblasts (1974)

Cystathionine beta-synthase [L-serine hydrolyase (adding homocysteine), EC 4.2.1.22] was studied in cultured skin fibroblasts from two control subjects and three patients with pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria. In crude cell sonicates, cystathionine synthase activity detected in each mutant line was less than 5% of control values. After differential centrifugation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and calcium phosphate gel treatment, the specific activity of synthase from control lines increased 5- to 7-fold with 70-79% yield. These same steps led to only 2- to 3-fold purification of mutant synthase and a reduced yield (26-44%). Michaelis-Menten analyses with the partially purified enzyme revealed that each mutant synthase had a marked reduction in affinity for its coenzyme, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, as well as reduced affinity and maximum velocity for both co-substrates, L-homocysteine and L-serine. Even at saturating concentrations of coenzyme, mutant synthase activity was less than 3% of control. Mutant synthase was also far more thermolabile than control enzyme. In the absence of added coenzyme, heating for 10 min at 55 degrees led to complete loss of mutant activity whereas control activity was reduced by 60%. Significantly, addition of saturating concentration of coenzyme prior to heating increased thermostability of both control and mutant synthase, the fractional increase being considerably greater in the mutants. We conclude that these patients suffer from a mutation of the synthase apoenzyme which impairs coenzyme binding, and that this primary abnormality results in reduced total enzyme activity in two ways: by reducing holoenzyme formation; and by accelerating apoenzyme degradation. We propose that pharmacologic amounts of pyridoxine increase holoenzyme formation modestly, thereby enhancing catalytic activity and slowing apoenzyme turnover.
Improving Spatial Support for Objects via Multiple Segmentations (2007)

Sliding window scanning is the dominant paradigm in object recognition research today. But while much success has been reported in detecting several rectangular-shaped object classes (i.e. faces, cars, pedestrians), results have been much less impressive for more general types of objects. Several researchers have advocated the use of image segmentation as a way to get a better spatial support for objects. In this paper, our aim is to address this issue by studying the following two questions: 1) how important is good spatial support for recognition? 2) can segmentation provide better spatial support for objects? To answer the first, we compare recognition performance using ground-truth segmentation vs. bounding boxes. To answer the second, we use the multiple segmentation approach to evaluate how close can real segments approach the ground-truth for real objects, and at what cost. Our results demonstrate the importance of finding the right spatial support for objects, and the feasibility of doing so without excessive computational burden.
Timing Recovery in PAM Systems (1971)

It is shown how various timing recovery schemes are reasonable approximations of the maximum likelihood strategy for estimating an unknown timing parameter in additive white gaussian noise. These schemes derive an appropriate error signal from the received data which is then used in a closed-loop system to change the timing phase of a voltage-controlled oscillator. The technique of stochastic approximation is utilized to cast the synchronization problem as a regression problem and to develop an estimation algorithm which rapidly converges to the desired sampling time. This estimate does not depend upon knowledge of the system impulse response, is independent of the noise distribution, is computed in real time, and can be synthesized as a feedback structure. As is characteristic of stochastic approximation algorithms, the current estimate is the sum of the previous estimate and a time-varying weighted approximation of the estimation error. The error is approximated by sampling the derivative of the received signal, and the mean-square error of the resulting estimate is minimized by optimizing the choice of the gain sequence. If the receiver is provided with an ideal reference (or if the data error rate is small) it is shown that both the bias and the jitter (mean-square error) of the estimator approach zero as the number of iterations becomes large. The rate of convergence of the algorithm is derived and examples are provided which indicate that reliable synchronization information can be quickly acquired.
Georegistration of motion imagery with error propagation (2012)

Georegistration is the assignment of geospatial coordinates to the pixels of an image. It is necessary for many activitybased intelligence tasks. Motion imagery can be difficult to georegister due to wide sensor fields of view and parallax from terrain elevations and buildings. We have developed a fully automated and accurate solution to the georegistration problem that runs in real time on a PC. It works by generating and registering predicted images from digital elevation models and fitting the parameters of the camera sensor model, including exterior and interior orientation. To estimate the geospatial accuracy, the algorithm employs rigorous error propagation techniques from the field of photogrammetry. We present results on a variety of aerial motion imagery, including full motion video and multi-camera wide area motion imagery. We also present error propagation results and comparisons with ground truth.