gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart Grid Reliability Assessment Under Variable Weather Conditions (2009)

The needs of contemporary electric utility customers and expectations regarding energy supply require dramatic changes in the way energy is transmitted and delivered. A smart grid is a concept by which the existing and aging electrical grid infrastructure is being upgraded with integration of multiple applications and technologies; such as two way power transfer, two way communication, renewable distributed generation, automated sensors, automated & advanced controls, central control, forecasting system and microgrids. This enables the grid to be more secure, reliable, efficient, self-healing, while reducing greenhouse gases. In addition, it will provide new products & services and fully optimize asset utilization. Also, integration of these innovative technologies to establish a smart grid poses new challenges.\nThere will be need for new tools to assess and predict reliability issues. The goal of this research is both to demonstrate these new electrical system tools and to monitor and analyze the relationship of weather and electrical infrastructure interruptions. This goal will be accomplished by modeling weather and distribution system reliability issues, by developing forecasting tools and finally developing mathematical models for system availability with smart grid functionality. Expected results include the ability to predict and determine the number of interruptions in a defined region; a novel method for calculating a smart grid system’s availability; a novel method for normalizing reliability indices; and to determine manpower needs, inventory needs, and fast restoration strategies.\nThe reliability of modern power distribution systems is dependent on many variables such as load capacity, renewable distributed generation, customer base, maintenance, age, and type of equipment. This research effort attempts to study these areas and in the process, has developed novel models and methods to calculate and predict the reliability of a smart grid distribution system. A smart grid system, along with variable weather conditions, poses new challenges to existing grid systems in terms of reliability, grid hardening, and security.\nThe modern grid is comprised of various distributed generation systems. New methods are required to understand and calculate availability of a smart grid system. One such effort is demonstrated in this research. The method that was developed for modeling smart grid dynamic reconfigurations under variable weather conditions combines three modeling techniques: Markov modeling, Boolean Logic Driven Markov Process (BDMP) and the modeling of variable weather condition. This approach has advantages over conventional models because it allows complex dynamic models to be defined, while maintaining its easy readability.
Technical characterization of an ultrasound source for noninvasive thermoablation by high‐intensity focused ultrasound (2002)

This newly developed ultrasound generator with a focal length of 10 cm can induce clear necrosis in parenchymal tissue. Because of its specific configuration and the available power range of the ultrasound generator, there is potential for therapeutic noninvasive ablation of tissue deep within a patient's body.
Editor’s Introduction (2017)

This introduction presents an overview of key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of the book. The main goal of the book is to broaden the scope of philosophical inquiry into McCarthy's writings, in other words, to read him across a much wider range of philosophical topics and alongside a much wider range of philosophical interlocutors. Over the centuries, Philosophy has felt a need to turn at times to literature in order to understand its own limitations and to expand its set of possibilities. The examples of Heidegger sought in Hölderlin, or Derrida in Joyce, finds the philosophy locating in literary language the execution or incarnation of something it can only explicate, whether that be the naming of being or the moment of deconstruction. Thinking McCarthy alongside Dostoyevsky, Heidegger, Heraclitus, and Blanchot, each of them attempts to glean some ethos from McCarthy's pages, a way of dwelling in the world is ethical, rather than prescriptive set of ought to live.
Use of a rapid, sensitive immunoradiometric assay for thyrotropin to distinguish normal from hyperthyroid subjects. (1984)

Abstract Using a new three-site immunoradiometric assay for thyrotropin (TSH), we measured concentration of this hormone in the serum of 47 patients with hyperthyroidism and 46 controls. The mean and range of serum TSH concentration was significantly lower in thyrotoxic than in control subjects, and it was possible to correctly identify 96% of thyrotoxic patients on the basis of a serum TSH concentration less than 0.5 milli-int. unit/L. We conclude that such measurement is highly sensitive for distinguishing hyperthyroid from normal subjects, and that the lower limit of normal for TSH in serum is about 0.5 milli-int. unit/L.
Management of Hot Flashes in Women with Breast Cancer (2010)

Hormone-suppression therapies are used for the treatment of breast cancer in the adjuvant and metastatic settings alike. However, side effects-including hot flashes-are frequently reported by patients as a cause of therapy discontinuation. This paper presents an overview of hormonal therapies and the evidence-based management options for hot flashes, summarized in a treatment algorithm.
<title>Automated optimal channel selection for spectral imaging sensors</title> (2001)

A method of optimizing the selection of spectral channels in a spectral-spatial remote sensor has been developed that is applicable to the design of multispectral, hyperspectral and ultra spectral resolution sensors. The approach is based on an end member analysis technique that has been refined to select the most information dense channels. The algorithm operates sequentially and at any step in the sequence, the channel selected is the most independent form all previously selected channels. After the channel selection process, highly correlated channels, which are contiguous to those selected, can be merged to form bands. This process increases the signal to noise for the new broader spectral bands. The resulting bands, potentially of unequal width and spacing, collect the most uncorrelated spectral information present in the data. The band selection provides a physical interpretation of the data and has applications in spectral feature selection and data compression.
Static low power verification at transistor level for SoC design (2012)

This paper presents a transistor-level verification flow to detect electrical overstress, static leakage and ESD-CDM issues in large low power SoC circuits. With innovative features like Spice patterns recognition and static voltage propagation by Calibre® PERC™, this approach brings significant added value to standard digital checkers that cannot capture some parts of the design in essence, such as analog IPs or third-party IPs designed outside power-intent driven flows. The results obtained on a 32nm CMOS circuit using multiple separate supplies with body biasing strategy, demonstrate the ability of this solution to cope with complex design architectures. As a matter of fact, some severe issues like hundreds of missing level shifters and weak input stages inside isolation cells were detected in few hours.
Nitrate Sensing and Metabolism Modulate Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2007)

Infection by the bacterial opportunist Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequently assumes the form of a biofilm, requiring motility for biofilm formation and dispersal and an ability to grow in nutrient- and oxygen-limited environments. Anaerobic growth by P. aeruginosa is accomplished through the denitrification enzyme pathway that catalyzes the sequential reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas. Mutants mutated in the two-component nitrate sensor-response regulator and in membrane nitrate reductase displayed altered motility and biofilm formation compared to wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1. Analysis of additional nitrate dissimilation mutants demonstrated a second level of regulation in P. aeruginosa motility that is independent of nitrate sensor-response regulator function and is associated with nitric oxide production. Because motility and biofilm formation are important for P. aeruginosa pathogenicity, we examined the virulence of selected regulatory and structural gene mutants in the surrogate model host Caenorhabditis elegans. Interestingly, the membrane nitrate reductase mutant was avirulent in C. elegans, while nitrate sensor-response regulator mutants were fully virulent. The data demonstrate that nitrate sensing, response regulation, and metabolism are linked directly to factors important in P. aeruginosa pathogenesis.
Strong correlation between c-erbB-2 overexpression and overall survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. (1997)

Overexpression of c-erbB-2 (also known as HER-2/neu) has been found in many human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We therefore examined expression of the oncoprotein in oral SCC primary tumor samples and compared its relationship with clinical stages and survival rate. Out of 80 cases of oral SCC, high expression level (++ or +++) of c-erbB-2 was found in 41 cases. Of the 80 cases with follow-up information, 39 were further investigated for the correlation of expression level of c-erbB-2 and survival rate. Overexpression of the oncoprotein was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival, and the patients with low and no expression of c-erbB-2 had much higher survival rates. Overexpression of c-erbB-2 was also significantly correlated with nodal stage and metastasis. We found that high expression level of c-erbB-2 was frequently detected in oral cancer cell lines but not in the other head and neck SCC cell lines. Thus, we conclude that overexpression of c-erbB-2 is a frequent event in oral SCC and is correlated with poor survival and may be used as a poor prognostic factor.
Room-Temperature Bonding of Oxide Wafers by Ar-beam Surface Activation (2008)

Surface activated bonding (SAB) by Ar beam sputter etching has been proved to have ability to bond various semiconductor wafers at room temperature. In this paper, we report SAB of oxide wafers. Various oxide wafers were successfully bonded to Si wafers by SAB. Strong bonding equivalent to bulk strength was achieved without any heat treatments. Among the oxide wafers tested, SiO2 was only a material which was not form strong bond with Si at room-temperature. On the other hand, strength of oxide-to-oxide bonding by SAB was not so strong as bulk materials and was largely dependent on the bonded oxide materials. In case of oxide-to-oxide bonding, SiO2 was again difficult to bond. Deposited thin oxide film such as TiO2 could be bonded by SAB and was effective to improve bonding properties. In summary, oxide wafers were successfully bonded by SAB at room-temperature, however its strength depends on oxide materials.
Correlation of survival with tumor histology, age, and prognostic risk group for previously untreated patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (adv RCC) receiving temsirolimus (TEMSR) or interferon-alpha (IFN) (2007)

5033 Background: Temsirolimus is a novel mTOR inhibitor and has demonstrated significantly longer overall survival (OS, P=0.0069) and progression-free survival (PFS, P=0.0001) vs IFN for patients (pts) with previously untreated adv RCC with poor-risk features (Hudes et al. ASCO 2006). Planned and post-hoc analyses were performed to assess the influence of tumor histology (clear- cell vs other), age (<65 y vs =65 y), and prognostic-risk groups (intermediate vs poor; Motzer et al. JCO 20:289) on survival in pts treated with TEMSR or IFN. Methods: Pts received IFN 3 million units [MU] subcutaneously 3x weekly, escalating to 18 MU; TEMSR 25-mg intravenous infusion weekly; or TEMSR 15-mg infusion plus IFN 6 MU. Kaplan-Meier analysis and a Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze OS and PFS for pt subsets. Histologies were reported by investigators. Results: The proportion of pts with different histologies was balanced across the 2 arms (81% clear-cell; 13% indeterminate, 6% non-clear-cell). Of those with additional subtype data, 75% were papillary. For pts with clear-cell tumors, median OS and PFS were longer for TEMSR vs IFN with hazard ratios (HR) of 0.82 and 0.76, respectively ( Table ). For pts with other tumor histologies, median OS and PFS also were longer for TEMSR vs IFN with HR of 0.49 and 0.38, respectively. Among pts <65 y, median OS and PFS were longer for TEMSR than for IFN (OS: TEMSR [n=145] 12.0 mo; IFN [n=142] 6.9 mo; HR=0.62 [95% CI, 0.47, 0.82]; PFS: TEMSR 5.6 mo; IFN 3.1 mo; HR=0.61 [0.47, 0.79]). There was no difference in OS or PFS for pts =65 y treated with TEMSR or IFN but TEMSR had a better side effect profile than IFN. OS and PFS for pts with intermediate- or poor-risk features will be reported. Conclusions: TEMSR benefits pts with clear-cell RCC and other histologies as well as younger and older pts. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Murine macrophage behavior on peptide‐grafted polyethyleneglycol‐containing networks (1998)

Polyethyleneglycol-based networks were employed as substrates to graft bioactive peptides to study macrophage interactions with materials. Our overall objective was to utilize biologically active factors to stimulate certain macrophage function on materials suitable for implantation in connective tissues. In this study, we sought to explore the bioactivity of several peptides derived from extracellular matrix adhesion proteins and macrophage-active proteins that are normally soluble. The candidate peptides examined corresponded to residues 63 to 77 of complement component C3a (C3a(63–77)), residues 178 to 207 of interleukin-1 beta (IL1β(178–207)), residues 1615 to 1624 of fibronectin (FN(1615–1624)), endothelial-macrophage activating polypeptide II, complement component C5a inhibitory sequence, macrophage inhibitory peptide, and YRGDG; materials lacking peptides were used as negative controls. An established murine cell-line IC-21 was employed as a macrophage model, and human dermal fibroblasts were used for comparison. Our results showed that the substrates without grafted peptides were free from artifactual cell adhesion associated with the adsorption of serum or cellularly secreted proteins for long duration of culture. Of all grafted samples, IL1β(178–207)- and C3a(63–77)-grafted surfaces supported higher adherent macrophage densities. C3a(63–77)- and FN(1615–1624)-grafted surfaces supported higher adherent fibroblast densities. From competitive inhibition studies, cell adhesion was determined to occur in a receptor-peptide specific manner. The presence of grafted YRGDG in addition to IL1β(178–207), C3a(63–77), or FN(1615–1624) synergistically increased macrophage and fibroblast adhesion. Materials grafted with IL1β(178–207) or C3a(63–77) co-grafted with or without YRGDG did not support the formation of multinucleated giant cells from the fusion of adherent macrophages in vitro. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Biotechnol Bioeng 59:2–9, 1998.
Interventricular Septal Configuration at MR Imaging and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Pulmonary Hypertension (2005)

In 37 patients with pulmonary hypertension, systolic PAP higher than 67 mm Hg may be expected when leftward curvature is observed.
El médico en la literatura española. (1956)

The clinical outcome of adoptive T cell transfer-based immunotherapies is often limited due to different escape mechanisms established by tumors in order to evade the hosts' immune system. The establishment of an immunosuppressive micromilieu by tumor cells along with distinct subsets of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is often associated with oxidative stress that can affect antigen-specific memory/effector cytotoxic T cells thereby substantially reducing their frequency and functional activation. Therefore, protection of tumor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes from oxidative stress may enhance the anti-tumor-directed immune response. In order to better define the key pathways/proteins involved in the response to oxidative stress a comparative 2-DE-based proteome analysis of naïve CD45RA(+) and their memory/effector CD45RO(+) T cell counterparts in the presence and absence of low dose hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was performed in this pilot study. Based on the profiling data of these T cell subpopulations under the various conditions, a series of differentially expressed spots were defined, members thereof identified by mass spectrometry and subsequently classified according to their cellular function and localization. Representative targets responding to oxidative stress including proteins involved in signaling pathways, in regulating the cellular redox status as well as in shaping/maintaining the structural cell integrity were independently verified at the transcript and protein level under the same conditions in both T cell subsets. In conclusion the resulting profiling data describe complex, oxidative stress-induced, but not strictly concordant changes within the respective expression profiles of CD45RA(+) and CD45RO(+) T cells. Some of the differentially expressed genes/proteins might be further exploited as potential targets toward modulating the redox capacity of the distinct lymphocyte subsets thereby providing the basis for further studies aiming at rendering them more resistant to tumor micromilieu-induced oxidative stress.
Dispersive properties and large Kerr nonlinearities using dipole-induced transparency in a single-sided cavity (2006)

We calculate the dispersive properties of a single-sided cavity coupled to a single dipole. We show that when a field is resonant with the dipole and the Purcell factor exceeds the bare cavity reflection coefficient, the field experiences a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase shift relative to reflection from a bare cavity. We then show that optically Stark shifting the dipole resonance with a second field creates large Kerr nonlinearities. An approximate expression for the total number of photons needed to create a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase shift is derived.
Dark current reduction in APD with BCB passivation (2001)

Mesa-structure SL-APDs were fabricated using three different passivation materials, benzocyclobutene (BCB), polyimide and SiNx. The best dark current was from BCB passivated devices with a mesa-diameter of 30 µm was 38 nA when operated, approximately a factor of 10 improvement compared with other reports.
Reconfigurable microfluidic systems with reversible seals compatible with 2D and 3D surfaces of arbitrary chemical composition (2015)

Microfluidic channels are typically fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using soft lithography and sealed against a support substrate using various irreversible/reversible techniques-the most widely used method is the irreversible bonding of PDMS to glass using oxygen plasma. These techniques are limited in their ability to seal channels against rough, uneven, and/or three-dimensional substrates. This manuscript describes the design and fabrication of soft microfluidic systems from combinations of silicone elastomers that can be reversibly sealed against an array of materials of various topographies/geometries using compression. These soft systems have channels with cross-sectional dimensions that can be decreased, reversibly, by hundreds of microns using compressive stress, and the ability to interface with virtually any support substrate. These capabilities go beyond that achievable with devices fabricated in PDMS alone and enable the integration of microfluidic functionality directly with rough and/or 3D surfaces, providing new opportunities in solution processing useful to, for example, materials science and the analytical/forensic sciences.
Reversing Thyristor Armature Dual Converter with Logic Crossover Control (1965)

Several techniques are available for the design of reversible armature power supplies. The approach described in this paper results in a very high performance system and retains the high conversion efficiency of a single converter bridge. A unique firing circuit and regulator design allows the transfer characteristics of the two converter bridges to be coincident. Logic circuitry is used to select the operating bridge dependent on system requirements Performance characteristics are discussed with particular reference to test results obtained from a 100-hp reversing screw-down supply.
Intercellular communication between bone marrow stromal cells and CD34<sup>+</sup> haematopoietic progenitor cells is mediated by connexin 43‐type gap junctions (2000)

The existence of functional gap junctions between haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and stromal cells of the haematopoietic microenvironment in the human system is a controversial issue. Primary CD34 + HPCs isolated from leukapheresis products were co‐incubated with the human fibroblastoid bone marrow stromal cell line L87/4 in short‐term liquid culture. Using the highly sensitive double whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique, we found that the majority (91%) of CD34 + HPCs are electrically coupled to L87/4 cells. Importantly, efficient coupling was observed within 1 h of the attachment of CD34 + HPCs to plastic adherent L87/4 cells. By comparison, homologous cell pairs formed by L87/4 cells exhibited a significantly higher electric coupling. Analysis of single‐channel conductances revealed an electric profile characteristic of connexin 43 (Cx43)‐type gap junctions for both homologous and heterologous cell pairs. The Cx phenotype was confirmed using Cx43‐specific monoclonal antibodies in a flow cytometric assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for the detection of Cx43 mRNA. Finally, the electrophysiological studies were complemented by dye‐transfer experiments using the recently described ‘parachute’ technique that allows the monitoring of dye diffusion without disruption of the plasma membrane. Taken together, our data indicate that functional Cx43‐type gap junctions exist between stromal cells and immature HPCs and, thus, may provide an important regulatory pathway in haematopoiesis.
Mobile IP-based multicast as a service for mobile hosts (2002)

There is an increasing need to support user mobility in today's computing environments. The incorporation of multicast routing support in a mobile computing environment presents several challenges. Of special interest are mobile multicast schemes suitable for TCP/IP networks in general, and the Internet in particular. The paper outlines a design of network layer modules in a 4.3 BSD UNIX system to provide mobile routing support. This basic routing capability is then used to serve as the foundation for the design of a multicast service facility for mobile hosts. The scheme presented leverages for existing IP multicast for static hosts to effectively provide multicast services for mobile hosts as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
BAPS 2: enhanced possibilities for the analysis of genetic population structure (2004)

Freely available at http://www.rni.helsinki.fi/~jic/bapspage.html.
Melatonin prevents peritoneal adhesions in rats (2009)

Antioxidant activity increases in the oxidative process. We conclude that melatonin may be an important molecule in preventing peritoneal adhesions.