gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal and reduced complexity receivers for M-ary multi-h CPM (2004)

We present an optimal maximum likelihood sequence estimating (MLSE) receiver which is based on the pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) representation of multilevel multi-h continuous phase modulation (CPM). We also give four different approaches to constructing suboptimal receivers which use a significantly reduced number of signal terms. We apply these techniques to two multi-h schemes in current use and evaluate receiver performance with computer simulations. In one instance we reduce the number of trellis states from 512 to 32, and the number of matched filters from 96 to 3, with a degradation of 0.7 dB. The simulations also show that the complexity reductions preserve the performance advantage multi-h CPM schemes have over single-index schemes.
High-speed optical modulator in LiNbO/sub 3/ with cascaded resonant-type electrodes (2006)

A high-speed optical modulator with cascaded resonant-type electrodes is presented. To reduce the drive power and switch voltage V/sub /spl pi// and to maintain high-modulation efficiencies, resonant reduced-length electrode structures were cascaded and integrated on LiNbO/sub 3/. Electrical power coupling into the resonators was realized by a single-input source distributed with electrical power dividers and delay lines. As a result, an optical modulator with four resonant-type cascaded electrodes was fabricated and characterized. This device, with a total active-electrode length as short as 3.4 (4 /spl times/ 0.85) mm, achieved a switch efficiency V/sub /spl pi///spl middot/ L of 68 V /spl middot/ mm at 25 GHz at 1.55-/spl mu/m wavelength, resulting in a drive power 8.7 dB less than that required for a traveling wave modulator with the same active length.
A unified approach to scene change detection in uncompressed and compressed video (2000)

There is an increasing need to extract key information automatically from video for the purposes of indexing, fast retrieval and scene analysis. To support this vision, reliable scene change detection algorithms must be developed. This paper describes a unified approach for scene change detection in uncompressed and MPEG-2 compressed video statistical properties of each image. An efficient algorithm is proposed to estimate the statistical features in compressed video without full frame decompression and used these features with the uncompressed domain algorithms to identify scene changes in compressed video. Proposed scheme aims at detecting abrupt transitions and gradual transitions in both uncompressed and MPEG-2 compressed video using a single framework. Results on video of various content types are reported and validated. Furthermore, results show that for uncompressed video the accuracy of the detected transition region is above 98% and above 95% for MPEG-2 compressed video.
Intestinal Retransplantation: Analysis of Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Database (2011)

Patient and graft survival in adult isolated ITx are less favorable after a retransplant compared with a primary transplant. Patient and graft survival are also poor in pediatric L-ITx after a retransplant, especially for children younger than 2 years of age. L-ITx retransplant results improved significantly in era 2 in adult recipients.
Supreme Court decision shows deficiencies in the Water and Soil Conservation Act, 1967 (1975)

In a recent diecision made in the Auckland Supreme Court, an anomaly in the Water and Soil Conservation Act 1967 has been revealed.
Adaptive magnetic tracker: a revolution in electromagnetic tracker technology (2004)

In this paper we review the problem of measuring position and orientation using AC magnetic fields, outlining the two traditional solutions to the problem: analytical field models and field maps. We analyze the limitations of each of these solutions and present a novel solution to this problem, known as "adaptive magnetic tracking". We present an outline of the theoretical basis of the tracker, a discussion of its advantages and experimental results that demonstrate its unique and revolutionary abilities and flexibility.
Chemical sensing with nanowires using electrical and optical detection (2007)

Chemical nanosensors based on inorganic nanowires hold promise for the extremely sensitive, direct detection of pollutants, toxins and biomolecules on platforms small enough to be integrated on optoelectronic chips or even deployed in living organisms. This paper discusses two approaches to nanowire-based chemical and biological detection. First we review the development of electrically-driven nanowire gas sensors that function by an adsorbate-mediated conductivity mechanism. We then describe an alternative sensing strategy that exploits the excellent waveguiding ability of high-refractive-index nanowires to create subwavelength evanescent wave sensors that operate in solution with an optical, rather than electrical, readout.
DNA Microarray Enhancement Using a Continuously and Discontinuously Rotating Microchamber (2005)

It is demonstrated that the most efficient way to enhance DNA microarray analysis consists of a maximal reduction of the total device volume (to keep the concentration of the available DNA as high as possible), combined with the creation of a strong lateral convective transport of the sample. In the present study, DNA microarray hybridizations are performed in a set of rotating, circular microchambers covering exactly the spotted area of the microarray and with a depth varying between 70 and 1.6 microm. Rotating the microchamber substrate while keeping the microarray stationary, the rotating microchamber bottom wall literally drags the sample past the microarray spots with a velocity which is independent of the fluid layer thickness. Interestingly, it was found that transporting the sample in a discontinuous mode (with stop periods of several minutes) not only yields a more stable and reproducible operation, it also yields significantly larger hybridization intensities (typically a factor of 2-3 larger) than a continuous rotation. This seems to be due to the fact that the velocity field disturbs the binding process at the binding site level. Working under limiting DNA sample mass conditions, the system yielded in a short, 30-min experiment already a 5-fold increase of the hybridization intensity, as compared to a conventional microscope slide/coverslip system operated overnight under diffusion-driven conditions. Compared to a commercial pump-around hybridization system, the gain was even more impressive, precisely due to the fact that the pump-around system requires larger volumes, which with a fixed amount of available genetic material leads to the application of more diluted samples.
Effects of cetiedil on monovalent cation permeability in the erythrocyte: an explanation for the efficacy of cetiedil in the treatment of sickle cell anemia. (1982)

Cetiedil, a drug reported to relieve painful crises in sickle cell anemia, has direct antisickling properties in vitro. However, neither oxygen affinity nor the solubility of deoxyhemoglobin S is altered by cetiedil. Due to the great influence the concentration of hemoglobin S has on the kinetics of gelation, we hypothesized that cetiedil might inhibit sickling by modifying erythrocyte Na+ or K+ movements in a manner which would prevent a rise in the concentration of intracellular hemoglobin. Cetiedil has two such effects: It causes a rise in passive Na+ movements and it inhibits a specific increase in K+ permeability secondary to a rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. Cetiedil then may represent an alternate type of antisickling agent, exerting its effect through changes in erythrocyte membrane cation permeability rather than directly modifying hemoglobin S.
Example-based speech recognition using formulaic phrases (2009)

In this paper, we describe the design of an ASR system that is based on identifying and extracting formulaic phrases from a corpus and then, rather than building statistical models of them, performing example-based recognition of these phrases. We describe a method for combining formulaic phrases into a bigram language model that results in a 13% decrease in WER on a monophone HMM recogniser over the baseline. We show that using this model with phrase templates in the example-based recogniser gives a significant improvement in WER compared to word templates, but performance still falls short of the HMM recogniser. We also describe an LDA decision tree classifier that reduces the search space of the DTW decoder by 40% while at the same time decreasing WER.
<title>Impact of multi-product and -process manufacturing on run-to-run control</title> (1997)

For the past few years, both academia and industry have increased research in run-to-run or supervisory level control of semiconductor processes. Run-to-run control has been cited as a necessary and integral part of many current and future leading edge processes. Run-to-run control has been applied or proposed for common and critical fab processes such as chemical mechanical polish (CMP) and lithography/etch line width control. Many traditional as well as advanced control techniques have been used in the formulation of run-to-run controllers (time series and statistical process control- based, state space methods, simple P/PI/PID algorithms, model- based predictive control, etc.). In addition, papers have been published that discuss some of the many issues involved in deploying a run-to-run controller. However, one important issue that affects deployment of run-to-run control has largely been ignored. In many state-of-the-art fabs, especially those that manufacture microprocessors and other logic chips, costly fab tools are required to run more than one process for throughput and flexibility reasons. Furthermore, today's fabs frequently produce more than one type of chip. Both of these factors, multi-processing and - products, sometimes lead to major difficulties in designing and deploying a run-to-run controller This paper focuses on the issues involved in multi-product and -process run-to-run control, as well as compare and contrast some strategies that could be used to design a run-to-run control system under these circumstances.
Phytate technetium-99m versus dextran 500 technetium-99m in the sentinel lymph node biopsy (2006)

There was no statistically significant difference between dextran and phytate in the SLN identification, but the phytate migrated to fewer lymphatic basins beyond the SLN and with less intensity.
Rotary Power Transformer and Inverter Circuit (1985)

Noise lower than with sliprings. Rotary transformer transfers electric power across rotary joint. No wearing contacts, no contact noise, and no contamination from lubricants or wear debris. Because additional inductor not required, size and complexity of circuit reduced considerably.
Effects of Heating in Dodecyl Sulfate Solution on the Conformation and Electrophoretic Mobility of Isolated Major Outer Membrane Proteins from Escherichia coli K-121 (1976)

Major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli K-12 with apparent molecular weights ranging from 30,000 to 40,000 were resolved into four distinct bands by electrophoresis on an improved urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel containing a high concentration of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. The electrophoretic mobilities of three of these proteins, O-8, O-9, and O-10, changed when they were heated in SDS solution. Proteins O-8, O-9, and O-10, were purified to near homogeneity without heating in SDS solution. Electrophoretic profiles of the purified proteins changed depending on the solubilization temperature in SDS solution. Infrared and CD spectra of these proteins revealed that they were extremely rich in beta-structured polypeptide, which is stable in SDS solution at room temperature. On the other hand, CD spectra typical of alpha-helix structure were obtained when the proteins were heated in SDS solution, indicating that a gross conformational change occurred in the protein molecules upon heating in SDS solution. The conformational change was confirmed by the abnormal profiles of Ferguson plots in gel electrophoretic analysis. It was concluded that conformational changes in the protein molecules are responsible for the heat modifiability of these proteins in SDS gel electrophoresis.
Pepsin D. A minor component of commercial pepsin preparations (1967)

Methods are described for the isolation and purification of pepsin D, an enzyme which accounts for about 10% of the enzymic activity in commercial preparations of pepsin. Pepsin D is similar to pepsin in having a molecular weight of about 35000, the same C-terminal amino acid sequence, and an N-terminal isoleucine residue. It differs in having no phosphate residue. Pepsin D is similar to pepsin in its ability to digest haemoglobin, acetyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-di-iodotyrosine and gelatin but it is twice as active as pepsin in the clotting of milk. It has the same specificity as pepsin in its action on the B-chain of oxidized insulin. It is probable that the pepsin D in commercial preparations of pepsin arises from the activation of gastric pepsinogen D.
An area-efficient partially reconfigurable crossbar switch with low reconfiguration delay (2012)

With the increasing number of processors in Multiprocessor System-on-Chips (MPSoCs), Network-on-Chips (NoCs) are replacing conventional buses as the interprocessor communication architecture. Since different use cases might be running on MPSoCs, there is a need for dynamically reconfigurable NoC. However, most dynamically reconfigurable NoCs have a large area overhead due to the additional reconfiguration logic. While recently some dynamically reconfigurable NoCs have been proposed based on partial reconfiguration (PR), they have high reconfiguration delay and require off-line bitstream generation for all possible scenarios. The problem lies with the design of the crossbar switch, which is the fundamental component of a NoC. In this paper, a novel partially reconfigurable crossbar switch design with low area requirement, low reconfiguration delay and runtime bitstream generation is presented. The crossbar switch is built from lookup tables (LUTs), and reconfiguration is done by modifying the LUTs' content through PR. Reconfiguration delay is minimized by constraining the placement of the LUTs into the least number of configurable logic block columns and identifying the configuration frames that are responsible for LUTs' content. The novel crossbar switch design achieves an area saving of up to 84% and reconfiguration delay minimization of up to 78%. It can be used to realize any network topology, and Clos, Benes and single stage crossbar topologies are evaluated in the paper.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted 2‐Isoxazolines: Asymmetric Hydroxylamine/Enone Cascade Reaction (2010)

Cuts both ways: The title reaction consists of an addition/cyclization/dehydration sequence and affords the biologically important chiral 3,5-diaryl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-isoxazolines 1 in excellent yields with high ee values. The flexibility of accessing either the S or R enantiomers of the products has been achieved by the appropriate choice of phase-transfer catalyst (2).
The use of Foley balloon catheters in cardiac surgery (1993)

Situations may arise during elective and emergency surgery when vascular control is required but conventional vascular clamps cannot be used. We have found the Foley catheter useful for the control of inadvertent perforation of the heart especially in "redo" operations. We describe the use of the Foley catheter for the control of the difficult aorta and illustrate its potential versatility in a variety of uncommon situations. As Foley catheters are present in every operating theatre we hope that our experience will be of benefit to other surgeons who encounter similar problems.
Contrast improvement of alignment signals from resist coated patterns (1987)

A method of enhancing the contrast of alignment signals for use in step-and-repeat projection aligners is described. In conventional through-the-lens alignment, signals are greatly influenced by interference phenomena between the resist surface and the wafer surface. Factors such as resist thickness, step depth, and alignment wavelength are examined to determine their effect on signal contrast. Based on the results, two wavelengths (i line/e line) are used for alignment and an alignment accuracy of 0.13 μm is obtained.
Improving the reliability of transformer gas-in-oil diagnosis (2005)

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is widely used to detect incipient faults in oil-filled electrical equipment. There is always some degree of inaccuracy in laboratory dissolved-gas measurements, especially at low gas concentrations, which affects gas ratios and other diagnostic calculations. This paper examines the measurement inaccuracy problem in detail using recent CIGRE data. It shows how proper allowance for this inaccuracy can improve transformer condition assessment and diagnosis by DGA.
I<sup>2</sup>C: A system for the indexing, storage, and retrieval of medical images by content (1994)

Image indexing, storage, and retrieval based on pictorial content is a feature of image database systems which is becoming of increasing importance in many application domains. Medical image database systems, which support the retrieval of images generated by different modalities based on their pictorial content, will provide added value to future generation picture archiving and communication systems (PACS), and can be used as a diagnostic decision support tools and as a tool for medical research and training. We present the architecture and features of I2C, a system for the indexing, storage, and retrieval of medical images by content. A unique design feature of this architecture is that it also serves as a platform for the implementation and performance evaluation of image description methods and retrieval strategies. I2C is a modular and extensible system, which has been developed based on object-oriented principles. It consists of a set of cooperating modules which facilitate the addition of new graphical tools, image description and matching algorithms. These can be incorporated into the system at the application level. The core concept of I2C is an image class hierarchy. Image classes encapsulate different segmentation and image content description algorithms. Medical images are assigned to image classes based on a set of user-defined attributes such as imaging modality, type of study, anatomical characteristics, etc. This class-based treatment of images in the I2C system achieves increased accuracy and efficiency of content-based retrievals, by limiting the search space and allowing specific algorithms to be fine-tuned for images acquired by different modalities or representing different parts of the anatomy.
Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction over Supported Cu-Ni Nanoparticle Catalysts (2014)

CuNi nanoparticles were synthesized using a new polyol synthesis method. Three different CuxNi1-x catalysts were synthesized where x = 20, 50 and 80. The nanoparticles were deposited on carbon, C, gamma-alumina, γ-Al2O3, yttria-stabilized zirconia, YSZ, and samariumdoped ceria, SDC. Each set of catalysts was tested using the Reverse Water Gas Shift, RWGS, reaction under atmospheric pressure and at temperatures ranging from 400°C-700°C. The experiments were repeated 3 times to ensure stability and reproducibility. Platinum nanoparticles were also deposited on the same supports and tested for the RWGS reaction at the same conditions. The CuNi nanoparticles were characterized using a variety of different techniques. Xray diffraction, XRD, measurements demonstrate the resence of two CuNi solid solutions: one Cu rich solid solution, and the other a Ni rich solid solution. X-ray photo electron spectroscopy, XPS, measurements show Cu enrichment on all catalytic surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy, SEM, measurements show CuNi nanoparticles ranging in size from 4 nm to 100 nm. Some agglomeration was observed. SDC showed the best yield with all catalysts. Furthermore, high oxygen vacancy content was shown to increase yield of CO for the RWGS reaction. Cu50Ni50/SDC shows the combination of highest yield of CO and the best stability among CuNi catalysts. It also has similar yields (39.8%) as Pt/SDC at 700°C, which achieved the equilibrium yield at that temperature (43.9%). The catalyst was stable for 48 hours when exposed to high temperatures (600-700°C). There was no CH4 observed during any of the experiments when the partial pressure of the reactant gases was fed stoichiometrically. Partial pressure variation experiments demonstrated the presence of CH4 when the partial pressure of hydrogen was increased to twice the value of the partial pressure of CO2.
The CUG codon is decoded<i>in vivo</i>as serine and not leucine in<i>Candida albicans</i> (1995)

Previous studies have shown that the yeast Candida albicans encodes a unique seryl-tRNA(CAG) that should decode the leucine codon CUG as serine. However, in vitro translation of several different CUG-containing mRNAs in the presence of this unusual seryl-tRNA(CAG) result in an apparent increase in the molecular weight of the encoded polypeptides as judged by SDS-PAGE even though the molecular weight of serine is lower than that of leucine. A possible explanation for this altered electrophoretic mobility is that the CUG codon is decoded as modified serine in vitro. To elucidate the nature of CUG decoding in vivo, a reporter system based on the C. albicans gene (RBP1) encoding rapamycin-binding protein (RBP), coupled to the promoter of the C. albicans TEF3 gene, was utilized. Sequencing and mass-spectrometry analysis of the recombinant RBP expressed in C. albicans demonstrated that the CUG codon was decoded exclusively as serine while the related CUU codon was translated as leucine. A database search revealed that 32 out of the 65 C. albicans gene sequences available have CUG codons in their open reading frames. The CUG-containing genes do not belong to any particular gene family. Thus the amino acid specified by the CUG codon has been reassigned within the mRNAs of C. albicans. We argue here that this unique genetic code change in cellular mRNAs cannot be explained by the 'Codon Reassignment Theory'.
Congestion control with explicit rate indication (2002)

As the speed and the dynamic range of computer networks evolve, the issue of efficient traffic management becomes increasingly important. The paper describes an approach to traffic management using explicit rate information provided to the source by the network. The authors present an asynchronous distributed algorithm for optimal rate calculation across the network, where optimality is understood in the maxmin sense. The algorithm quickly converges to the optimal rates and is shown to be well-behaved in transience.
Testing delay faults in asynchronous handshake circuits (2006)

As a class of asynchronous circuits, handshake circuits are designed to tolerate variation of gate delays. However, certain timing constraints, such as the bundled data assumption, are exploited in the single-rail implementation of these circuits in order to simplify them. Therefore, any delay fault in the circuit may cause one of two problems, namely performance degradation or logic errors. To address the challenges incurred by the autonomous behavior of handshake circuits during at-speed test, we propose test methods for both types of delay faults based on a DFT strategy which greatly simplifies the complexity of test generation. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through experimental results on several handshake circuits.