gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrimidine N-oxides. IV. The N,N'-dihydroxy derivatives of phenobarbital and veronal (1982)

5-Ethyl-1,3-dihydroxy-5-phenylbarbituric acid ( N,N' -dihydroxyphenobarbital) and 5,5-diethyl-1,3-dihydroxybarbituric acid ( N,N' -dihydroxyveronal) have been prepared by the condensation of 1,3-dibenzyloxyurea with ethylphenylmalonyl dichloride and diethylmalonyl dichloride respectively, followed by the removal of the benzyl protecting groups from the intermediate dibenzyloxy derivatives.
Accumulation of methylglyoxal and <scp>d</scp>‐lactate in Pb‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats (2016)

Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant associated with several diseases, such as nephrotoxicity. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound formed during glycolysis and reported to increase in kidney damage. Metformin is used as an MG scavenger in the clinic. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of Pb-induced renal injury and the effect of metformin on Pb-induced nephrotoxicity. Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, Pb, and Pb + metformin groups. Pb (250 ppm) was administered in drinking water, and 50 mg/kg of metformin was co-administered orally. After 28 days, the levels of MG and its metabolite d-lactate in urine, serum and renal tissues were examined. The elevation of renal MG (56.86 ± 17.47 vs 36.40 ± 5.69, p < 0.01) and urinary d-lactate (0.68 ± 0.28 vs 0.32 ± 0.13, p < 0.01) was observed in Pb-exposed rats compared with those in control rats. After co-treatment with metformin, these phenomena were attenuated. In the present study, it was demonstrated for the first time that urinary d-lactate might serve as the candidate marker for Pb-induced nephrotoxicity in the clinic, and metformin might be a new therapeutic candidate for Pb poisoning.
American College of Radiology (ACR) and American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) Practice Guideline for the Performance of Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) (2013)

American College of Radiology and American Society for Radiation Oncology Practice Guideline for the Performance of Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS). SRS is a safe and efficacious treatment option of a variety of benign and malignant disorders involving intracranial structures and selected extracranial lesions. SRS involves a high dose of ionizing radiation with a high degree of precision and spatial accuracy. A quality SRS program requires a multidisciplinary team involved in the patient management. Organization, appropriate staffing, and careful adherence to detail and to established SRS standards is important to ensure operational efficiency and to improve the likelihood of procedural success. A collaborative effort of the American College of Radiology and American Society for Therapeutic Radiation Oncology has produced a practice guideline for SRS. The guideline defines the qualifications and responsibilities of all the involved personnel, including the radiation oncologist, neurosurgeon, and qualified medical physicist. Quality assurance is essential for safe and accurate delivery of treatment with SRS. Quality assurance issues for the treatment unit, stereotactic accessories, medical imaging, and treatment-planning system are presented and discussed. Adherence to these practice guidelines can be part of ensuring quality and patient safety in a successful SRS program.
Multiple path sensitization for hierarchical circuit testing (2002)

The HPath algorithm for multiple-path sensitization in hierarchical, multilevel descriptions, which is based on semiregular structures within many VLSI circuits, is discussed. The algorithm which has been derived, implemented, and tested is applicable to circuits which can be described as semiregular and pseudocombinational for performance of testing functions related to test pattern generation, design-for-testability, built-in self-test, and diagnosis. HPath sensitizes the target paths, which may consist of multiple bits, one by one through hierarchically described circuits. Depending on the specification of each path, HPath propagates the path block by block in either the forward or backward direction. HPath is, in fact, a control mechanism which determines which path to sensitize and which block to propagate through. The sensitization is actually done by its two major components, GPath and FPath. GPath is an implicit enumeration algorithm which utilizes symbolic manipulation to achieve multiple-path sensitization for gate-level circuits. FPath is a rule-based subsystem which sensitizes multiple paths for functional-level descriptions through a sequence of rule applications. It is shown that GPath is not as efficient as FPath.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A High Current, Subnanosecond Response Faraday Cup (1970)

A subnanosecond risetime, milliohm resistance Faraday cup was designed and tested for measuring fractional megampere electron beams from pulsed electron accelerators. The device has been typically operated at electron beam currents of 60 kA with an average electron kinetic energy of 4 MeV. Under short circuit conditions the device has measured currents exceeding 0.25 MA.
Iso-aloeresin A, a Minor Constituent of Cape Aloe (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIso-aloeresin A, a Minor Constituent of Cape AloeGiovanna Speranza, Antonella Martignoni, and Paolo ManittoCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1988, 51, 3, 588–590Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50057a026https://doi.org/10.1021/np50057a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Memristor-Based Nonvolatile Random Access Memory: Hybrid Architecture for Low Power Compact Memory Design (2013)

In this paper, a new approach toward the design of a memristor based nonvolatile static random-access memory (SRAM) cell using a combination of memristor and metal-oxide semiconductor devices is proposed. Memristor and MOSFETs of the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's 180-nm technology are used to form a single cell. The predicted area of this cell is significantly less and the average read-write power is ~25 times less than a conventional 6-T SRAM cell of the same complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology. Read time is much less than the 6-T SRAM cell. However, write time is a bit higher, and can be improved by increasing the mobility of the memristor. The nonvolatile characteristic of the cell makes it attractive for nonvolatile random access memory design.
Effects of nerve growth factor and acetyl‐<scp>l</scp>‐carnitine arginyl amide on the human neuronal line HCN‐1A (1992)

The HCN-1A clonal cell line, derived from the cortical tissue of a patient with unilateral megencephaly, was shown to differentiate into a mature neuronal-like state in the presence of the nerve growth factor, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine, 3',5'-monophosphate and either 1-isobutyl-3-methylxanthine or forskolin. Differentiation was assessed by measuring the percentage of cells that displayed branched, varicose processes that stained for synaptophysin. Treatment of cultures with a cocktail containing forskolin increased immunocytochemical staining for gamma aminobutyric (GABA), neurofilament protein and the nerve growth factor receptor species p75NGFR. Treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine alone had some effects on the cell morphology while acetyl-L-carnitine arginyl amide and nerve growth factor together increased the GABA content. Positive staining levels for the neurotransmitters gamma aminobutyric acid, glutamate, somatostatin, cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were measured quantitatively for HCN-1A under basal conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: AROMATIC FLUORINATIONS SUITABLE FOR FLUORINE‐18 LABELING OF ESTROGENS (1981)

Abstract Zur Einführung aromatisch gebundener Fluoratome, insbesondere von 13F, werden Arylazide wie (II) oder (V) oder Aryltriazene wie (III) mit (markierter) HF behandelt, aus den Estrogenen (VIa) oder (VIIa) werden analog die Fluorverbindungen (VIb) bzw. (VIIb) hergestellt.
Variance in the Expression of 5-Fluorouracil Pathway Genes in Colorectal Cancer (2005)

Although colorectal cancer has the third highest cancer mortality rate, the treatment remains far from optimized with patients showing variable responses to standard treatment. Molecular differences in pharmacologically relevant genes may contribute to the variability in response. This study used Taqman PCR to investigate the expression of 24 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pathway genes in colorectal cancer using paired nontumor and tumor sample from 52 patients with Dukes' C colon cancer. In comparing tumor versus nonmalignant tissue, 14 of the 24 genes showed significant variation in gene expression. For 11 of these same genes (FPGS, DHFR, GGH, NME1, NME2, RRM2, UMPH2, UNG, UMPS, TP53, and TK1), a significant proportion of the patients showed an over expression of the particular gene in tumor tissue with a tumor-to-nonmalignant (T/N) ratio >1.2, whereas one gene (DPYD) showed the converse with a large number of patients showing a lower expression in the tumor tissue (T/N < 0.8). Multiple gene correlations for the genes of the 5-FU pathway were found with the Spearman rank correlation of >0.6 (all P > 0.001), suggesting possible coregulation mechanisms. Hierarchical clustering analysis created at least three groups of genes, which were consistent with groupings by the other statistical methods. Additionally, the hierarchical clustering showed two distinct groups of patients based on their gene expression. These variations in gene expression could provide valuable insights for optimizing treatment selection for patients with colorectal cancer.
A statistical model of urban multipath propagation (1972)

An urban multipath propagation experiment, involving the simultaneous transmission from a fixed site of 100-ns pulses at 488, 1280, and 2920 MHz and their reception at a mobile van, is described. A statistical analysis of the data in the resulting multipath responses is given and used as a basis for a statistical model of urban multipath propagation.
Binding of human IgG myeloma proteins to autologous T-cell receptor determinants. (1997)

IgG myeloma proteins (MPs) produced by monoclonal plasma cells derived from B2 lymphocytes have been reported to bind to various autoantigens but the binding generally has been of low affinity. Moreover, T cells from some multiple myeloma patients can respond specifically to idiotypes of their own paraproteins. We analyzed the capacity of more than 20 human IgG MP to bind, a recombinant single-chain molecule containing complete V beta 8.1 and V alpha 1 structures, sets of synthetic peptide epitopes corresponding to a complete TCR beta chain, and a set of CDR1 epitopes corresponding to 24 human V beta gene products, and intact monoclonal T cells. Two of 20 MPs bound strongly to the recombinant TCR. Five of the same set, including these, bound to a synthetic epitope corresponding to the CDR1 segment. On a mass basis, the binding was approximately 1000-fold greater than that of pooled polyclonal IgG. The binding activity was confined to the Fab fragment and was specifically inhibitable by appropriate peptide determinants. Spectrotypic analysis using a set of CDR1 epitopes indicated that individual proteins showed characteristic binding patterns ranging from highly specific to relatively promiscuous. Highly reactive MPs also bound to TCR on intact cells in immunocytofluorescence by flow cytometry. These results are consistent with the relatively frequent occurrence of autoantibodies to TCR determinants and indicate that MPs can be derived from this autoantibody subset.
Tunable molecular orientation and elevated thermal stability of vapor-deposited organic semiconductors (2015)

Physical vapor deposition is commonly used to prepare organic glasses that serve as the active layers in light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, and other devices. Recent work has shown that orienting the molecules in such organic semiconductors can significantly enhance device performance. We apply a high-throughput characterization scheme to investigate the effect of the substrate temperature (Tsubstrate) on glasses of three organic molecules used as semiconductors. The optical and material properties are evaluated with spectroscopic ellipsometry. We find that molecular orientation in these glasses is continuously tunable and controlled by Tsubstrate/Tg, where Tg is the glass transition temperature. All three molecules can produce highly anisotropic glasses; the dependence of molecular orientation upon substrate temperature is remarkably similar and nearly independent of molecular length. All three compounds form "stable glasses" with high density and thermal stability, and have properties similar to stable glasses prepared from model glass formers. Simulations reproduce the experimental trends and explain molecular orientation in the deposited glasses in terms of the surface properties of the equilibrium liquid. By showing that organic semiconductors form stable glasses, these results provide an avenue for systematic performance optimization of active layers in organic electronics.
Fast Maximum-Likelihood Sea Clutter Parameter Learning From The Output Of The Envelope Detector (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Adaptive CQI Feedback and Efficient CQI Update Scheme for Codebook Based MU-MIMO in E-UTRA (2008)

Codebook based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) preceding can significantly improve the system spectral efficiency with limited feedback and has been accepted as one of the most promising techniques for the Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). Compared with single-user (SU) MIMO, multi-user (MU) MIMO can further improve the system spectral efficiency due to increased degree of freedom in transmission. In order to reduce the feedback overhead, feedback of single channel quality indicator (CQI), e.g. rank 1 CQI, is required in E-UTRA currently. Then, the main challenge is how to obtain CQIs of other ranks at node B for rank adaptation with single CQI feedback. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient CQI update scheme at node B based on statistical characteristics of CQI of various ranks is firstly proposed. To further increase the accuracy of CQI at node B for data transmission, an adaptive CQI feedback scheme is then proposed in which single CQI with the rank same as previously scheduled is fed back. Simulation results show that our proposed CQI update scheme can achieve some performance gain compared with conventional method with fixed backoff. Moreover, with proposed adaptive feedback scheme, much additional performance gain can be obtained and the performance can approach the upper bound.
Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange (1983)

This paper reviews the assumptions involved in calculating rates of carbohydrate and fat oxidation from measurements of O2 consumption, CO2 production, and urinary nitrogen excretion. It is shown that erroneous results are obtained in the presence of metabolic processes such as lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. The apparent rates calculated under these conditions can, however, be interpreted as net rates of "utilization." Thus the apparent rate of carbohydrate oxidation is the sum of the rates of utilization for oxidation and for lipogenesis minus the rate at which carbohydrate is formed from amino acids. The apparent rate of fat oxidation is the difference between the rates of oxidation and synthesis from carbohydrate, so that the apparently negative rates encountered in patients infused with glucose do quantitatively represent net rates of synthesis. Other processes such as synthesis of ketone bodies or lactate at rates greater than their utilization can also disturb the calculations, but the magnitude of the effect can be estimated from appropriate measurements. Methods of correcting the observed gaseous exchange in these circumstances are given.
Cytokine (IL-8, IL-6, TNF-alpha) and soluble TNF receptor-I release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after respiratory syncytial virus infection. (1995)

During the initial phase of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, when a low virus-cell ratio is most probable, signs of inflammation are detectable in the infected respiratory tissue. Therefore we analysed the release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the soluble form of the TNF receptor-I (sTNFR-I), from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after exposure to low infectious RSV doses (multiplicity of infection, MOI, 0.001-1) and incubation times of up to 24 hr. The PBMC secreted IL-8 in a time- and virus dose-dependent fashion. As was verified by Northern blot analysis, the increased IL-8 secretion rate was accompanied by an enhanced IL-8 mRNA steady-state level. The infection of the PBMC after 4 hr post-RSV exposure was verified by detection of RSVSH genomic RNA and mRNA after reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. In addition, after 24 hr post-infection we determined the percentage of infected cells by specific immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies directed against the F- and G-proteins. After exposure of PBMC to inactivated RSV, we observed only RSVSH genomic RNA and a reduced IL-8 release. Thus, even the binding and/or phagocytosis of RSV by PBMC induced an IL-8 synthesis to some extent. Following an incubation time of 24 hr, PBMC exposed to small RSV doses synthesized and released high amounts of IL-6 into the cell supernatant. In contrast, only low amounts of TNF-alpha were released from PBMC. In addition to the release of the proinflammatory cytokines, an enhanced level of the sTNFR-I was measured in the cell supernatants at a MOI of 0.1. However, there was no correlation between TNFR-I membrane expression and cell supernatant concentration. Co-culture experiments performed with PBMC and human epithelial cells (A549) revealed that the enhanced IL-8 secretion profile observed in the coculture was partially dependent on the cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and TNF-beta/lymphotoxin released by the cells themselves.
Steps toward an automated scorecard system. (2006)

An automated scorecard, a visual representation of process metrics, can help healthcare financial managers immediately identify trends against targets. Collaboration among all areas of the organization is essential in establishing a successful scorecard system. Essential considerations for implementing an automated scorecard system are: Clear metrics. Ownership and accountability for all metrics. Rapid feedback on performance. Collaboration. An open information culture.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dual-specificity protein phosphatase possibly involved in spermatogenesis (1999)

Dual-specificity protein phosphatases (DSPs) play roles in the regulation of mitogenic signal transduction for extracellular stimulation and the cell cycle. In the present study, we identified a novel DSP, termed TMDP (testis- and skeletal-muscle-specific DSP). Nucleotide sequence analysis of TMDP cDNA indicated that the open reading frame of 597 bp encodes a protein of 198 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 22.5 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a motif for a conserved catalytic domain of DSPs and shows highest similarity to human Vaccinia HI-related phosphatase (45.5% identity) but low homology to the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase and CDC25 subfamilies of DSPs. Recombinant TMDP protein exhibited intrinsic phosphatase activity towards both phospho-seryl/threonyl and -tyrosyl residues of myelin basic protein, with similar specific activities in vitro. Northern-blot analysis revealed that TMDP is most abundantly expressed in the testis. The expression in the testis is characterized as follows: (i) TMDP mRNA first appeared 3 weeks after birth, corresponding to the time that meiosis begins; (ii) TMDP mRNA was abundant in fractionated spermatocytes and round spermatids; and (iii) hybridization in situ showed that the TMDP mRNA is localized in spermatocytes and/or spermatids in seminiferous tubules. These data demonstrate that TMDP is a novel DSP abundantly expressed in the testis and suggest that TMDP may be involved in the regulation of meiosis and/or differentiation of testicular germ cells during spermatogenesis.
The measurement of the total volume of red cells in man: a non-radioactive approach using biotin (1988)

Present methods for measuring red cell volume are based on the dilution of radioactively labelled cells. This precludes the investigation in neonates and pregnant women. We present a simple method for labelling red cells with biotin. These cells may be injected intravenously and subsequently detected using streptavidin-FITC and flow-cytometry. A comparison of the red cell volume estimated using both 51Cr and biotin labelled cells in 19 patients showed no consistent clinically significant difference between the two. This novel label appears to allow red volume to be reliably estimated without using radioactivity.
A microwave Doherty amplifier employing envelope tracking technique for high efficiency and linearity (2003)

In this letter, we demonstrate a microwave Doherty amplifier employing an input signal envelope tracking technique. In the amplifier, the gate bias of the peaking amplifier is controlled according to the magnitude of the envelope. A 2.14-GHz Doherty amplifier is implemented using 4-W PEP LDMOSFETs, and an adaptive controlled gate bias circuit is constructed and the control shape is optimized experimentally. The performance of the microwave Doherty amplifier is compared with that of a class AB amplifier using one-tone, two-tone, and forward-link wideband code-division multiple access (WCDMA) signals. For a forward-link WCDMA signal, the measured power added efficiency (PAE) of the microwave Doherty amplifier is 39.4% at -30 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR), while that of the comparable class AB amplifier is 24.2% at the same ACLR level.
The Preparation of Volunteers for Deployment in Emergencies (2006)

On in emergencies, they might add to the problems that the relief organisation or the national or local authorities will face. In addition, they will also put themselves in danger or difficulties and their families at risk of the consequences that may follow. This paper looks at some of the things that can be done to prepare volunteers for emergencies, dealing with the main issues involved with the pre-deployment screening, personal preparation, proper equipping and adequate briefing of volunteers before they are deployed in emergencies. It concludes with the view that proper and sufficient preparation of volunteers is a necessary prerequisite to the deployment of volunteers in emergencies.
GRAFT DILATATION FOLLOWING ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM RESECTION AND GRAFTING (1999)

Graft dilatation is a predictable phenomenon following AAA repair. It is more pronounced in knitted than in woven grafts, but does not necessarily lead to graft-related complications or failure.