gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Arsenal Ship Design (1996)

Abstract : The Navy's Ship Concept of Operations (CONOPS) and Ship Capabilities Document (SCD) address a need for the design of a large missile platform that can carry massive and precise firepower, accomplish long-range strike, and perform flexible targeting and multidimensional theater defense capabilities consistent with the policies of Forward...From the Sea and Operational Maneuver from the Sea. The ship is designed to be a large missile magazine that receives its launch orders from remote air, land or sea forces. It is fully integrated into the joint command and control structure to assist current forces in the opening days of conflict. A major design goal of the Arsenal Ship is to limit the crew size to 50 personnel through the use of system automation, redundancy and equipment reliability, while imposing an additional constraint of limiting the sailaway price to 550 million dollars.
Designing a PC game engine (1998)

Computer game engine requirements change in response to evolving game platforms and demands for reduced development costs. We propose a 3D game engine, marketed as NetImmerse, for varying performance levels.
DNA recognition by splicing variants of the Wilms' tumor suppressor, WT1. (1994)

The Wilms' tumor suppressor, WT1, is a zinc finger transcriptional regulator which exists as multiple forms owing to alternative mRNA splicing. The most abundant splicing variants contain a nine-nucleotide insertion encoding lysine, threonine, and serine (KTS) in the H-C link region between the third and fourth WT1 zinc fingers which disrupts binding to a previously defined WT1-EGR1 binding site. We have identified WT1[+KTS] binding sites in the insulin-like growth factor II gene and show that WT1[+KTS] represses transcription from the insulin-like growth factor II P3 promoter. The highest affinity WT1[+KTS] DNA binding sites included nucleotide contacts involving all four WT1 zinc fingers. We also found that different subsets of three WT1 zinc fingers could bind to distinct DNA recognition elements. A tumor-associated, WT1 finger 3 deletion mutant was shown to bind to juxtaposed nucleotide triplets for the remaining zinc fingers 1, 2, and 4. The characterization of novel WT1 DNA recognition elements adds a new level of complexity to the potential gene regulatory activity of WT1. The results also present the possibility that altered DNA recognition by the dominant WT1 zinc finger 3 deletion mutant may contribute to tumorigenesis.
Noncovalent Deposition of Nanoporous Ni Membranes on Spatially Organized Poly(<i>p</i>‐xylylene) Film Templates (2007)

Nanostructured poly(p-xylylene) thin-film templates are used for Ni deposition. Noncovalent adsorption of metal-binding ligand to a thin film anchors a palladium catalyst and leads to selective metallization. The template facilitates complete control over the morphology and topology of the deposited Ni (see figure). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c1063_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Analysis of multiscale products for step detection and estimation (1999)

We analyze discrete wavelet transform (DWT) multiscale products for detection and estimation of steps. Here the DWT is an over complete approximation to smoothed gradient estimation, with smoothing varied over dyadic scale, as developed by Mallat and Zhong (1992). The multiscale product approach was first proposed by Rosenfeld (1970) for edge detection. We develop statistics of the multiscale products, and characterize the resulting non-Gaussian heavy tailed densities. The results may be applied to edge detection with a false-alarm constraint. The response to impulses, steps, and pulses is also characterized. To facilitate the analysis, we employ a new general closed-form expression for the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for discrete-time step-change location estimation. The CRB can incorporate any underlying continuous and differentiable edge model, including an arbitrary number of steps. The CRB analysis also includes sampling phase offset effects and is valid in both additive correlated Gaussian and independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) non-Gaussian noise. We consider location estimation using multiscale products, and compare results to the appropriate CRB.
Computation of Sensitivities for Noncommensurate Networks (1971)

The adjoint network approach to automated network design as presented by Director and Rohrer is extended for use in gradient calculations for noncommensurate networks. The networks can contain distributed elements such as uniform transmission lines and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</tex> lines. An example investigates gradient computations for a noncommensurate microwave network having 13 variable parameters.
γ-Tilmanocept, a New Radiopharmaceutical Tracer for Cancer Sentinel Lymph Nodes, Binds to the Mannose Receptor (CD206) (2015)

γ-Tilmanocept ((99m)Tc-labeled-tilmanocept or [(99m)Tc]-tilmanocept) is the first mannose-containing, receptor-directed, radiolabeled tracer for the highly sensitive imaging of sentinel lymph nodes in solid tumor staging. To elucidate the mannose-binding receptor that retains tilmanocept in this microenvironment, human macrophages were used that have high expression of the C-type lectin mannose receptor (MR; CD206). Cy3-labeled tilmanocept exhibited high specificity binding to macrophages that was nearly abolished in competitive inhibition experiments. Furthermore, Cy3-tilmanocept binding was markedly reduced on macrophages deficient in the MR by small interfering RNA treatment and was increased on MR-transfected HEK 293 cells. Finally, confocal microscopy revealed colocalization of Cy3-tilmanocept with the macrophage membrane MR and binding of labeled tilmanocept to MR(+) cells (macrophages and/or dendritic cells) in human sentinel lymph node tissues. Together these data provide strong evidence that CD206 is a major binding receptor for γ-tilmanocept. Identification of CD206 as the γ-tilmanocept-binding receptor enables opportunities for designing receptor-targeted advanced imaging agents and therapeutics for cancer and other diseases.
A Hybrid Approach with Optimization and Metric-based Meta-Learner for Few-Shot Learning (2019)

Few-shot learning aims to learn classifiers for new classes with only a few training examples per class. Most existing few-shot learning approaches belong to either metric-based meta-learning or optimization-based meta-learning category, both of which have achieved successes in the simplified "$k$-shot $N$-way" image classification settings. Specifically, the optimization-based approaches train a meta-learner to predict the parameters of the task-specific classifiers. The task-specific classifiers are required to be homogeneous-structured to ease the parameter prediction, so the meta-learning approaches could only handle few-shot learning problems where the tasks share a uniform number of classes. The metric-based approaches learn one task-invariant metric for all the tasks. Even though the metric-learning approaches allow different numbers of classes, they require the tasks all coming from a similar domain such that there exists a uniform metric that could work across tasks. In this work, we propose a hybrid meta-learning model called Meta-Metric-Learner which combines the merits of both optimization- and metric-based approaches. Our meta-metric-learning approach consists of two components, a task-specific metric-based learner as a base model, and a meta-learner that learns and specifies the base model. Thus our model is able to handle flexible numbers of classes as well as generate more generalized metrics for classification across tasks. We test our approach in the standard "$k$-shot $N$-way" few-shot learning setting following previous works and a new realistic few-shot setting with flexible class numbers in both single-source form and multi-source forms. Experiments show that our approach can obtain superior performance in all settings.
Clinical Experience with the Mentor Bladder Stimulator. II Meningomyelocele Patients (1974)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Dec 1974Clinical Experience with the Mentor Bladder Stimulator. II Meningomyelocele Patients Daniel C. Merrill Daniel C. MerrillDaniel C. Merrill More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)59860-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1974 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byvon Heyden B, Anthony J, Kaula N, Brock G, Jakse G and Tanagho E (2018) The Latissimus Dorsi Muscle for Detrusor Assistance: Functional Recovery after Nerve Division and RepairJournal of Urology, VOL. 151, NO. 4, (1081-1087), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1994.Wheatley J, Woodard J and Parrott T (2018) Electronic Bladder Stimulation in the Management of Children with MyelomeningoceleJournal of Urology, VOL. 127, NO. 2, (283-285), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1982.Rossier A (2018) Editorial CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 127, NO. 2, (285-285), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1982.Merrill D and Teague C (2018) A Laboratory Evaluation of a New Hydraulic Incontinence DeviceJournal of Urology, VOL. 119, NO. 1, (108-112), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1978.Merrill D (2018) Clinical Experience with the Mentor Bladder Stimulator. III. Patients with Urinary Vesical HypotoniaJournal of Urology, VOL. 113, NO. 3, (335-337), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1975. Volume 112Issue 6December 1974Page: 823-825 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1974 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Daniel C. Merrill More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Improvement of CO tolerance of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells by a pulsing technique (2001)

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are currently being developed as alternative energy conversion systems for vehicular as well as for stationary power applications. The supply of hydrogen obtained by the reforming of alcohols or hydrocarbons to PEM fuel cells requires an extensive gas clean-up, as contaminants such as CO are poisonous to the employed catalysts. A new method of operating PEM fuel cells with reformed hydrogen with reduced requirements for gas cleaning is presented. The pulse technique allows the direct feeding of reformate gas into the fuel cell without a significant loss of performance. The electrical pulses increase the anode potential to values at which the CO is oxidised to CO2. In this way the catalyst surface is continuously cleaned and the loss of cell voltage is minimised. The optimised operating parameters for the pulses (namely pulse amplitude, duration and frequency) were investigated and determined as a function of CO content in the feed gas. It was found that the optimised pulse duration is not changed significantly for the different CO contents investigated (100, 1000 and 10000 ppm). In contrast, the pulse frequency needs to be adjusted to obtain CO tolerance at different CO concentrations in the hydrogen gas. This operating method greatly increases the design options of fuel cell systems for different applications.
Dielectric Properties of Pork Muscle (2011)

Dielectric properties were measured across a frequency range from 200 MHz to 20 GHz and temperature range from 25 to 85 C for pork meat samples (grouped in four different quality classes).Dielectric properties varied widely with frequency and the loss tangents of different meat quality classes followed different trends.Discriminant analysis indicated that 2400 MHz was most significant (P < 0.05) for separation of the different classes.There were significant changes (P < 0.05) in the dielectric properties within the range of the temperatures corresponding to protein denaturation temperatures.There was clear segregation between the firm and non-exudative (red, firm, and non-exudative; pale, firm, and non-exudative) and the soft and exudative (red, soft, and exudative; pale, soft and exudative) samples.The results showed that dielectric properties could be useful in meat quality classifications.
Optical-waveguide microdisplacement sensor (1982)

As a novel application of integrated optics, a detection method of microdisplacement is proposed and its first demonstration is reported. The sensor has the Michelson interferometer configuration composed of an optical waveguide hybrid coupler. The operation was confirmed by building and testing the sensor using a Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguide.
Chronic Glutamate Toxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases—What is the Evidence? (2015)

Together with aspartate, glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Glutamate binds and activates both ligand-gated ion channels (ionotropic glutamate receptors) and a class of G-protein coupled receptors (metabotropic glutamate receptors). Although the intracellular glutamate concentration in the brain is in the millimolar range, the extracellular glutamate concentration is kept in the low micromolar range by the action of excitatory amino acid transporters that import glutamate and aspartate into astrocytes and neurons. Excess extracellular glutamate may lead to excitotoxicity in vitro and in vivo in acute insults like ischemic stroke via the overactivation of ionotropic glutamate receptors. In addition, chronic excitotoxicity has been hypothesized to play a role in numerous neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Based on this hypothesis, a good deal of effort has been devoted to develop and test drugs that either inhibit glutamate receptors or decrease extracellular glutamate. In this review, we provide an overview of the different pathways that are thought to lead to an over-activation of the glutamatergic system and glutamate toxicity in neurodegeneration. In addition, we summarize the available experimental evidence for glutamate toxicity in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases.
3.3: Design and Modeling of a Refractive Liquid Crystal Lens for Tunable Optical Correction in 3‐D Stereoscopic Displays (2011)

Abstract We propose a design and fabrication method for a liquid crystal tunable refractive lens, used as optical correction in 3‐D stereoscopic displays for reducing the discrepancy between accommodation and convergence. The voltage profile for the proper refractive power is calculated by our modeling.
Uncoupling of Methanogenesis from Growth of <i>Methanosarcina barkeri</i> by Phosphate Limitation (1985)

Production of methane by Methanosarcina barkeri from H(2)-CO(2) was studied in fed-batch culture under phosphate-limiting conditions. A transition in the kinetics of methanogenesis from an exponentially increasing rate to a constant rate was due to depletion of phosphate from the medium. The period of exponentially increasing rate of methanogenesis was extended by increasing the initial concentration of phosphate in the medium. Addition of phosphate during the constant period changed the kinetics to an exponentially increasing rate of methanogenesis, indicating the reversibility of phosphate depletion. The relation between methanogenesis and growth of M. barkeri was investigated by measuring the incorporation of phosphorus, supplied as KH(2)PO(4), in the medium. At a low (1 muM) initial concentration of phosphate in the medium and during the constant period of methanogenesis, there was no net cell growth. At a higher (10 muM) initial concentration of phosphate, cell growth proceeded linearly with time after phosphate had been removed from the medium by uptake into cells.
Distributed schedule management in the Tiger video fileserver (1997)

article Free Access Share on Distributed schedule management in the Tiger video fileserver Authors: William J. Bolosky Microsoft Research Microsoft ResearchView Profile , Robert P. Fitzgerald Microsoft Research Microsoft ResearchView Profile , John R. Douceur Microsoft Research Microsoft ResearchView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 31Issue 5Dec. 1997 pp 212–223https://doi.org/10.1145/269005.266692Published:01 October 1997Publication History 54citation330DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations54Total Downloads330Last 12 Months49Last 6 weeks14 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Asthma, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women (2004)

Our findings suggest that COPD may be a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Differences in the inflammation and cytokine profile between COPD and asthma might explain why COPD, but not asthma, is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
A Trade-off Oriented Placement Tool (2003)

High quality placement results are always produced at the cost of significant runtimes. In this paper, we study the trade-off between the overall quality and the runtime for standard-cell placement problems. We implemented and studied a class of schemes to achieve the runtime vs. quality trade-off. We developed a new trade-off oriented placement tool (TOOP) which is controlled by decision trees. TOOP can adjust itself based on user's requests and netlist properties. Compared to Cadence QPlace, even the fastest mode of TOOP (lowest quality) can produce placements with similar or better layout. TOOP also shows much stronger ability to produce routable placement when compared to Capo.
Metal-induced conversion of a ‘closed’ receptor to an ‘open’ receptor on a p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene diamide derivative; fluorescence detection of a molecular recognition process (1993)

Molecular receptors, which change from a ‘closed’ form with intramolecular hydrogen bonds to an ‘open’ form with intermolecular hydrogen bonds with a pteridine guest upon Na+-binding designed on a calix[4]arene platform are described; the conversion process is monitored easily by a fluorescence change in a flavin guest.
On the replicating portfolio of some exotic options (2000)

The aim of this paper is to calculate the replicating portfolio of two geometric average options in the Black-Sholes model. Seeing this calculation, we can observe that the delta hedge of these options have simple forms. So, it is easy to create the hedging scheme of these options.
The P4‐Phosphazene Base as Part of a New Metal‐Free Initiator System for the Anionic Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate (1993)

Poly(methyl methacrylate)s with narrow polydispersities can be prepared by anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate by using the ethyl acetate/P4 base initiator system (see below). Depending on the reaction conditions, molecular weights of Mn > 40 kg mol−1 can be obtained.
Storage Management in Virtualized Cloud Environment (2010)

With Cloud Computing gaining tremendous importance in the recent past, understanding low-level implications of the cloud infrastructure becomes necessary. One of the key technologies deployed in large Cloud infrastructures namely the Amazon EC2 for providing isolation and separate protection domains for multiple clients is virtualization. Therefore, identifying the performance bottlenecks in a virtualized setup and understanding the implications of workload combinations and resource configurations on the overall I/O performance helps both the cloud providers in managing their infrastructure efficiently and also their customers by means of better performance. In this paper we present the measurement results of detailed experiments conducted on a virtualized setup focusing on the storage I/O performance. We categorize our experimental evaluation into four components, each of which presenting some significant factors that affect storage I/O performance. Our experimental results can be useful for cloud application developers to tune their applications for better I/O performance and for the cloud service providers to make more effective decisions on resource provisioning and workload scheduling.
Comparative Genomics and Molecular Dynamics of DNA Repeats in Eukaryotes (2008)

Repeated elements can be widely abundant in eukaryotic genomes, composing more than 50% of the human genome, for example. It is possible to classify repeated sequences into two large families, "tandem repeats" and "dispersed repeats." Each of these two families can be itself divided into subfamilies. Dispersed repeats contain transposons, tRNA genes, and gene paralogues, whereas tandem repeats contain gene tandems, ribosomal DNA repeat arrays, and satellite DNA, itself subdivided into satellites, minisatellites, and microsatellites. Remarkably, the molecular mechanisms that create and propagate dispersed and tandem repeats are specific to each class and usually do not overlap. In the present review, we have chosen in the first section to describe the nature and distribution of dispersed and tandem repeats in eukaryotic genomes in the light of complete (or nearly complete) available genome sequences. In the second part, we focus on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the fast evolution of two specific classes of tandem repeats: minisatellites and microsatellites. Given that a growing number of human neurological disorders involve the expansion of a particular class of microsatellites, called trinucleotide repeats, a large part of the recent experimental work on microsatellites has focused on these particular repeats, and thus we also review the current knowledge in this area. Finally, we propose a unified definition for mini- and microsatellites that takes into account their biological properties and try to point out new directions that should be explored in a near future on our road to understanding the genetics of repeated sequences.
Combination of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Cancers: From Clinical Practice to Ongoing Clinical Trials (2020)

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are inhibitory checkpoints that are commonly seen on activated T cells and have been offered as promising targets for the treatment of cancers. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)targeting PD-1, including pembrolizumab and nivolumab, and those targeting its ligand PD-L1, including avelumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab, and two drugs targeting CTLA-4, including ipilimumab and tremelimumab have been approved for the treatment of several cancers and many others are under investigating in advanced trial phases. ICIs increased antitumor T cells' responses and showed a key role in reducing the acquired immune system tolerance which is overexpressed by cancer and tumor microenvironment. However, 50% of patients could not benefit from ICIs monotherapy. To overcome this, a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab is frequently investigated as an approach to improve oncological outcomes. Despite promising results for the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab, safety concerns slowed down the development of such strategies. Herein, we review data concerning the clinical activity and the adverse events of ipilimumab and nivolumab combination therapy, assessing ongoing clinical trials to identify clinical outlines that may support combination therapy as an effective treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is one of the first studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ipilimumab and nivolumab combination therapy in several cancers.