gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting the Existence of Coarse-Grain Parallelism in General-Purpose Programs (2008)

With the rise of chip-multiprocessors, the problem of parallelizing general-purpose programs has once again been placed on the research agenda. In the 1980s and early 1990s, great successes were obtained to extract parallelism from the inner loops of scientific computations. General-purpose programs, however, stayed out-of-reach due to the complexity of their control flow and data dependences.More recently, thread-level speculation (TLS) has been tauted as the definitive solution for general-purpose programs. TLS again targets inner loops. The program complexity issue is handled by checking and resolving dependences at runtime using complex hardware support. However, results so far have been disappointing and limit studies predict very low potential speedups, in one study just 18%.In this paper we advocate a completely different approach. We show that significant amounts of coarse-grain parallelism exists in the outer program loops, even in general-purpose programs. This coarse-grain parallelism can be exploited efficiently on CMPs without additional hardware support.This paper presents a technique to extract coarse-grain parallelismfrom the outer program loops. Application of this technique to the MiBench and SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks shows that significant amounts of outer-loop parallelism exist. This leads to a speedup of 5.18 for bzip2 compression and 11.8 for an MPEG2 encoder on a Sun UltraSPARC T1 CMP. The parallelization effort was limited to 10 to 20 person-hours per benchmark while we had no prior knowledge of the programs.
Preparation of reference antisera for laboratory diagnosis of blastomycosis (1979)

Antiserum was prepared in rabbits against the A antigen and a new antigen (labeled the D antigen) of yeast-phase cells of Blastomyces dermatitidis by using immunoelectrophoretic precipitin arcs as vaccine. The antiserum can be used as a reference serum in the immunodiffusion test for identyfying antibodies to the A antigen in sera from patients thought to have blastomycosis. Antibodies to the D antigen have not yet been found in human sera. The rabbit antiserum that was absorbed with Histoplasma capsulatum yeast-phase cells did not react in the complement fixation test with either H. capsulatum yeast-phase or mycelial-phase complement fixation antigen. Therefore, it could also be used as a positive control serum in the complement fixation test. A fluorescent-antibody conjugate prepared from the absorbed serum was found to be valuable for the identification of yeast-phase cells of B. dermatitidis.
RAGE signaling sustains inflammation and promotes tumor development (2008)

A broad range of experimental and clinical evidence has highlighted the central role of chronic inflammation in promoting tumor development. However, the molecular mechanisms converting a transient inflammatory tissue reaction into a tumor-promoting microenvironment remain largely elusive. We show that mice deficient for the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are resistant to DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis and exhibit a severe defect in sustaining inflammation during the promotion phase. Accordingly, RAGE is required for TPA-induced up-regulation of proinflammatory mediators, maintenance of immune cell infiltration, and epidermal hyperplasia. RAGE-dependent up-regulation of its potential ligands S100a8 and S100a9 supports the existence of an S100/RAGE-driven feed-forward loop in chronic inflammation and tumor promotion. Finally, bone marrow chimera experiments revealed that RAGE expression on immune cells, but not keratinocytes or endothelial cells, is essential for TPA-induced dermal infiltration and epidermal hyperplasia. We show that RAGE signaling drives the strength and maintenance of an inflammatory reaction during tumor promotion and provide direct genetic evidence for a novel role for RAGE in linking chronic inflammation and cancer.
mPCA – A mobile patient care-giving assistant for Alzheimer patients (2002)

The use of pervasive computing elements such as java smart phones and multi-modal sensors in smart homes of the future can potentially assist patients with Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The utility of this technology particularly in the elderly group of patients is currently hoped to reduce the huge economic toll on the ailing Medicaid system. We present an ongoing research project whose goal is to create a cognitive assistant to improve the independence of home-bound AD patients. We present the architecture of the Mobile Patient Care-Giving Assistant (mPCA), which integrates local-positioning systems, J2ME-based smart phones as well as other wireless and visual sensors. The mPCA system is targeted towards AD patients in their early to moderate stages of the disease (Global Deterioration Scale, or GDS = 4 or 5).
Bringing AI to BI (2018)

The Business Intelligence (BI) paradigm is challenged by emerging use cases such as news and social media analytics in which the source data are unstructured, the analysis metrics are unspecified, and the appropriate visual representations are unsupported by mainstream tools. This case study documents the work undertaken in Microsoft Research to enable these use cases in the Microsoft Power BI product. Our approach comprises: (a) back-end pipelines that use AI to infer navigable data structures from streams of unstructured text, media and metadata; and (b) front-end representations of these structures grounded in the Visual Analytics literature. Through our creation of multiple end-to-end data applications, we learned that representing the varying quality of inferred data structures was crucial for making the use and limitations of AI transparent to users. We conclude with reflections on BI in the age of AI, big data, and democratized access to data analytics.
Songwriting via Skype (2009)

The provision of therapy to clients online is gaining strong recognition as effective in medicine, psychiatry, and other allied health fields. However, music therapists are yet to engage with this therapy context. Working with an adolescent with Asperger's Syndrome, we trialled an online songwriting intervention via videoconferencing software (in this case Skype Ltd) and compared the adolescent's participation with participation in a face-to-face context. A microanalysis of video footage combined with interview reflections from the treating therapist and adolescent were analysed to build a picture of engagement and skills in social interaction. Our investigation showed that the adolescent was highly engaged in the Skype session, offered more eye contact, was more creative in his lyric creations and was more confident to offer disagreeing statements. Further trials using online approaches are needed to ensure that music therapy approaches are aligning with practices occurring in other health disciplines and that therapy services can be accessed by those unable to attend music therapy clinics.
Adjuvant treatment of atopic eczema: assessment of an emollient containing N‐palmitoylethanolamine (ATOPA study) (2007)

This study showed substantial relief of objective and subjective symptoms of atopic eczema after regular skin care with the study cream. The patient-related effectiveness (decline of pruritus and loss of sleep) indicated a gain in quality of life in these patients. The reduced use of topical corticosteroids is important in view of safety and pharmacoeconomic implications in the treatment of atopic eczema.
Impact of ulcerative colitis from patientsʼ and physiciansʼ perspectives (2008)

These surveys identified disparities between patients' and gastroenterologists' perceptions of the impact of UC on patients' lives. The results suggest that more patients than gastroenterologists estimated chose to adapt their lives to accommodate UC rather than act to optimize therapy and adherence. Improved communication between patients and gastroenterologists, as well as better management strategies and education are necessary.
Studies on Hydrofluorene Derivatives. Part II. Synthesis of 1,1a, 1b,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a-Decahydro-la-methyl-3-oxochrysofluorene (1964)

The eyntheeie of a pure isomer of 1,1a.,1b,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a.decahydro-la-mathyl-3-exochrysofluorene (XV) has been achieved through the steps.
A supply-noise-insensitive CMOS PLL with a voltage regulator using DC-DC capacitive converter (2001)

A 500-MHz supply-noise-insensitive CMOS phase-locked loop (PLL) with a voltage regulator using a capacitive dc-dc converter (VRCC) achieves a jitter level of 30-ps RMS for quiet supply, and 42-ps RMS for 600-mV supply noise, with a locking range of 110 to 850 MHz. The worst-case power supply noise rejection (PSNR) using the VRCC shows -45 dB in the mid-frequency band. The circuit is fabricated in a 0.35-/spl mu/m 3.3-V standard digital CMOS process and occupies 2.3 mm/sup 2/. The power consumption at 3.3 V including buffer is 42 mW at 500 MHz.
Factors influencing spatial variability of soil apparent electrical conductivity (2001)

ABSTRACT Soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) can be used as a precision farming diagnostic tool more efficiently if the factors influencing ECa spatial variability are understood. The objective of this study was to ascertain the causes of ECa spatial variability in soils developed in an environment with between 50 and 65 cm of annual rainfall. Soils at the research sites were formed on calcareous glacial till parent materials deposited approximately 10,000 years ago. Soil samples (0–15 cm) collected from at least a 60 by 60 m grid in four fields were analyzed for Olsen phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Elevation was measured by a carrier phase single frequency DGPS and ECa was measured with an EM 38 (Geonics Ltd., ON, Canada) multiple times between 1995 and 1999. Apparent electrical conductivity contained spatial structure in all fields. Generally, the well drained soils in the summit areas and the poorly drained soil in the toeslope areas had low and high ECa values, respectively. The landscape differences in ECa were attributed to: (i) water leaching salts out of summit areas and capillary flow combined with seepage transporting water and salts from subsurface to surface soils in toeslope areas; (ii) lower water contents in summit than toeslope soils; and (iii) water erosion which transported surface soil from summit/shoulder areas to lower backslope/footslope areas. A conceptual model based on these findings was developed. In this model, topography followed a sine curve and ECa followed a cosine curve. Field areas that did not fit the conceptual model were: (i) areas containing old animal confinement areas; (ii) areas where high manure rates had been applied; and (iii) areas where soils were outside the boundary conditions of the model, i.e., soils not developed under relatively low rainfall conditions in calcareous glacial till with temperatures ranging between mesic and frigid. This research showed that the soil forming processes as well as agricultural management influenced ECa and that by understanding how landscape position influences salt loss and accumulation, water redistributions following precipitation, and erosion areas that do not fit the conceptual model can be identified. This information can be used to improve soil sampling strategies.
Epoxy Composite Fibers Reinforced with Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Generation 0−2 Dendritic Poly(amidoamine) (2009)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with generation (n) 0−2 dendritic poly(amidoamine) (denoted as SWNTs-Gn-NH2, n = 0, 1, or 2) were used as filler in thermosetting epoxy to prepare anisotropic microscale diameter fibers by reactive spinning. Dendritic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) was “grafted from” acid-modified and toluene 2,4-diisocyanate-activated SWNTs by repeating amidation of terminal ester groups via ethylenediamine (EDA) and Michael addition of methyl acrylate (MA) to amino groups. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the successful grafting and generation buildup. Optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed that PAMAM-functionalized SWNTs dispersed in epoxy much more uniformly than pristine nanotubes. The dispersibility improved with increasing generation number. Microsized fibers made of epoxy reinforced with aligned SWNTs-G2-NH2 by reactive spinning show high tensile strength and Young’s modulus per unit weight fraction (dσ/dWNT and dE/dWNT). The respective measures are 7022 MPa and 118.0 GPa, which is a high reinforcement efficacy in comparison to other fillers. The nanotube alignment and grafting of dendritic PAMAM play a crucial role in the enhancement of the tensile strength of these reinforced composite fibers.
Deoxyadenosine Bisphosphate Derivatives as Potent Antagonists at P2Y<sub>1</sub> Receptors (1998)

Adenosine 3',5'- and 2',5'-bisphosphates previously were demonstrated to act as competitive antagonists at the P2Y1 receptor (Boyer et al. Mol. Pharmacol. 1996, 50, 1323-1329). 2'- and 3'-Deoxyadenosine bisphosphate analogues containing various structural modifications at the 2- and 6-positions of the adenine ring, on the ribose moiety, and on the phosphate groups have been synthesized with the goal of developing more potent and selective P2Y1 antagonists. Single-step phosphorylation reactions of adenosine nucleoside precursors were carried out. The activity of each analogue at P2Y1 receptors was determined by measuring its capacity to stimulate phospholipase C in turkey erythrocyte membranes (agonist effect) and to inhibit phospholipase C stimulation elicited by 10 nM 2-MeSATP (antagonist effect). Both 2'- and 3'-deoxy modifications were well tolerated. The N6-methyl modification both enhanced antagonistic potency (IC50 330 nM) of 2'-deoxyadenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate by 17-fold and eliminated residual agonist properties observed with the lead compounds. The N6-ethyl modification provided intermediate potency as an antagonist, while the N6-propyl group completely abolished both agonist and antagonist properties. 2-Methylthio and 2-chloro analogues were partial agonists of intermediate potency. A 2'-methoxy group provided intermediate potency as an antagonist while enhancing agonist activity. An N1-methyl analogue was a weak antagonist with no agonist activity. An 8-bromo substitution and replacement of the N6-amino group with methylthio, chloro, or hydroxy groups greatly reduced the ability to interact with P2Y1 receptors. Benzoylation or dimethylation of the N6-amino group also abolished or greatly diminished the antagonist activity. In summary, our results further define the structure-activity of adenosine bisphosphates as P2Y1 receptor antagonists and have led to the identification of the most potent antagonist reported to date for this receptor.
Multifunctional Material Direct Printing for Laser Sintering Systems (2013)

The research reports the development of advanced techniques for the direct print of materials into parts made by laser sintering. The present invention provides for the production of three-dimensional objects with improved build and support materials. The direct printed material may be metals, elastomers, ceramic, or any other material, which is typically different than the laser sintering material. Aspects of the technique include direct printed materials within laser sintered parts to improve part strength, provide multi-materials, provide electrical conductivity, and provide other desirable benefits to the part.
An estimation technique for accurately modeling the magnetic recording channel including nonlinearities (1989)

A channel model called modified superposition and dan estimation technique for the parameters of this model are presented to model the magnetic recording channel including nonlinearities. It is shown that this model and estimation technique can describe the magnetic recording channel including nonlinearities much more accurately than simple superposition with isolated transient response. Computer software was developed to extract automatically the three nonlinear parameters from a single measured waveform. As an example of the usefulness of this estimation technique, experiments were conducted on a 1300 Oe, 3*10/sup -3/ emu/cm/sup 2/ thin-film disk using a 3380E 18-turn thin-film head at 70 mA pk-pk current and 23 m/s velocity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reversible folding–unfolding, aggregation protection, and multi-year stabilization, in high concentration protein solutions, using ionic liquids (2007)

We report the reversible thermal unfolding/refolding, and long period stabilization against aggregation and hydrolysis, of >200 mg ml(-1) solutions of lysozyme in ionic liquid-rich, ice-avoiding, solvents.
Small Molecule Pan-Dengue and West Nile Virus NS3 Protease Inhibitors (2011)

This class of compounds is the first to demonstrate competitive pan-dengue and WNV NS3 protease inhibition and, given the sequence conservation among flavivirus NS3 proteins, suggests that developing a pan-dengue or possibly pan-flavivirus therapeutic is feasible.
IgE autoantibodies in atopic dermatitis ‐occurrence of different antibodies against the CH3 and the CH4 epitopes of IgE (1995)

Levels of "free" anti-IgE autoantibodies and IgE/anti-IgE immune complexes were measured in the sera of patients with atopic dermatitis before and after treatment, psoriasis patients, and nonatopic controls. In this measurement, we used two monoclonal antibodies with distinct in vitro functions (LE 27, BSW 17), directed against the epsilon CH3 and CH4 domains of the IgE Fc-fragment, in a novel immunobinding assay. In patients with atopic dermatitis, elevated levels of "free" anti-IgE antibodies and IgE/anti-IgE immune complexes were detected in comparison to psoriasis patients and controls. In addition, there was a positive correlation between total IgE and the amount of IgE/anti-IgE complexes detected by LE 27 (r = 0.7; P < 0.001) or BSW 17 (r = 0.64; P < 0.001) in patients with atopic dermatitis. In contrast, an inverse correlation was observed between total IgE and "free" anti-IgE antibodies (r = -0.34; P < or = 0.05) in atopic dermatitis. However, serum levels of anti-IgE autoantibodies before and after therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis did not differ, and levels of anti-IgE antibodies did not correlate with clinical severity, as evaluated by an established clinical scoring system. Our data clearly indicate that significantly elevated amounts of anti-IgE antibodies could be observed in patients with atopic dermatitis, which are directed against different epitopes on the IgE molecule. It is tempting to speculate that these autoantibodies exert different effects of IgE-receptor-bearing effector cells and may play an important role in IgE regulation.
HIV infection of non-dividing cells: a divisive problem (2006)

Understanding how lentiviruses can infect terminally differentiated, non-dividing cells has proven a very complex and controversial problem. It is, however, a problem worth investigating, for it is central to HIV-1 transmission and AIDS pathogenesis. Here I shall attempt to summarise what is our current understanding for HIV-1 infection of non-dividing cells. In some cases I shall also attempt to make sense of controversies in the field and advance one or two modest proposals.
Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) Repairs DNA Damage Induced by Topoisomerases I and II and Base Alkylation in Vertebrate Cells (2012)

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) repairs topoisomerase I cleavage complexes (Top1cc) by hydrolyzing their 3'-phosphotyrosyl DNA bonds and repairs bleomycin-induced DNA damage by hydrolyzing 3'-phosphoglycolates. Yeast Tdp1 has also been implicated in the repair of topoisomerase II-DNA cleavage complexes (Top2cc). To determine whether vertebrate Tdp1 is involved in the repair of various DNA end-blocking lesions, we generated Tdp1 knock-out cells in chicken DT40 cells (Tdp1-/-) and Tdp1-complemented DT40 cells with human TDP1. We found that Tdp1-/- cells were not only hypersensitive to camptothecin and bleomycin but also to etoposide, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), H(2)O(2), and ionizing radiation. We also show they were deficient in mitochondrial Tdp1 activity. In biochemical assays, recombinant human TDP1 was found to process 5'-phosphotyrosyl DNA ends when they mimic the 5'-overhangs of Top2cc. Tdp1 also processes 3'-deoxyribose phosphates generated from hydrolysis of abasic sites, which is consistent with the hypersensitivity of Tdp1-/- cells to MMS and H(2)O(2). Because recent studies established that CtIP together with BRCA1 also repairs topoisomerase-mediated DNA damage, we generated dual Tdp1-CtIP-deficient DT40 cells. Our results show that Tdp1 and CtIP act in parallel pathways for the repair of Top1cc and MMS-induced lesions but are epistatic for Top2cc. Together, our findings reveal a broad involvement of Tdp1 in DNA repair and clarify the role of human TDP1 in the repair of Top2-induced DNA damage.
DNA demethylation in the <i>Arabidopsis</i> genome (2007)

Cytosine DNA methylation is considered to be a stable epigenetic mark, but active demethylation has been observed in both plants and animals. In Arabidopsis thaliana, DNA glycosylases of the DEMETER (DME) family remove methylcytosines from DNA. Demethylation by DME is necessary for genomic imprinting, and demethylation by a related protein, REPRESSOR OF SILENCING1, prevents gene silencing in a transgenic background. However, the extent and function of demethylation by DEMETER-LIKE (DML) proteins in WT plants is not known. Using genome-tiling microarrays, we mapped DNA methylation in mutant and WT plants and identified 179 loci actively demethylated by DML enzymes. Mutations in DML genes lead to locus-specific DNA hypermethylation. Reintroducing WT DML genes restores most loci to the normal pattern of methylation, although at some loci, hypermethylated epialleles persist. Of loci demethylated by DML enzymes, >80% are near or overlap genes. Genic demethylation by DML enzymes primarily occurs at the 5' and 3' ends, a pattern opposite to the overall distribution of WT DNA methylation. Our results show that demethylation by DML DNA glycosylases edits the patterns of DNA methylation within the Arabidopsis genome to protect genes from potentially deleterious methylation.
Chemical Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycans (2016)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as one major part of the glycocalyx are involved in many essential biological cell processes, as well as in many courses of diseases. Because of the potential therapeutic application of GAG polymers, fragments, and also derivatives toward different diseases (e.g., heparin derivatives against Alzheimer's disease), there is a continual growing demand for new chemical syntheses, which suffice the high claim to stereoselectivity and chemoselectivity. This Review summarizes the progress of chemical syntheses of GAGs over the last 10 years. For each class of the glycosaminoglycans-hyaluronan (HA), heparan sulfate/heparin (HS/HP), chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), and keratan sulfate (KS)-mainly novel glycosylation strategies, elongation sequences, and protecting group patterns are discussed, but also (semi)automated syntheses, enzymatic approaches, and functionalizations of synthesized or isolated GAGs are considered.