gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An on-chip ramp generator for single-slope look ahead ramp (SSLAR) ADC (2009)

An on-chip ramp generator was developed for single-slope look-ahead ramp (SSLAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) integrated in a column-parallel CMOS image sensor. Ramp generator is the central part of a new ADC algorithm which uses modified single-slope ramp (SSR) ADC timing. Ramp block designed such a way that it allows wide output voltage ranges as well as code hopping, code fall back and look-ahead operations in column-parallel ramp ADC. Ramp generator was fabricated using 0.5 mum, 2P3M CMOS technology. Ramp generator composes of 10-bit synchronous counter, switched-capacitor based voltage steering circuits, output buffer and logic circuits. Effective layout area of ramp generator is 0.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Zirconium-catalyzed enantioselective methylalumination of monosubstituted alkenes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZirconium-catalyzed enantioselective methylalumination of monosubstituted alkenesDenis Y. Kondakov and Ei-ichi NegishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 43, 10771–10772Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00148a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00148a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1685Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An approach to reverse engineering of C programs to simulink models with conformance testing (2009)

To reuse legacy C code effectively in Model Based Development process, it is highly desirable that the code be converted to Simulink model, a de facto standard in many industrial application domains, such as avionics and automotive control. In this paper we present the design methodology of a tool that translates a C code to equivalent Simulink model with proper correctness assurance.
Effects of Age, Sex and Diagnostic X-rays on Chromosome Damage (1984)

The frequency of micronuclei assayed in lymphocytes obtained from 73 young adults increases significantly with the age, but not the sex, of the donor. The dose of medical X-rays absorbed by the lymphocytes in the 2 years before the examination has no significant effect on micronucleus frequency, provided the data are adjusted for age. However, a small significant increase in frequency is associated with X-ray examinations that involve the injection of contrast media into the blood.
Proliferation Markers in Breast Carcinoma:<i>Mitotic Figure Count, S-Phase Fraction, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, Ki-67 and MIB-1</i> (1995)

Proliferative rate is an important prognostic marker in breast carcinoma. However, the best measurement method has not been established. This study evaluated mitotic figure counts (MFC) as mitoses per 10 high power fields (HPF) and per 1,000 cells, S-phase fraction by flow cytometry, and Ki-67, MIB-1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positivity by immunohistochemistry in 135 breast carcinomas. There was strong correlation between the two MFC methods and significant correlation between MIB-1 positivity and all proliferation markers except Ki-67. S-phase fraction showed significant correlation with all proliferation markers except PCNA. Ki-67 positivity correlated only with S-phase fraction, and PCNA positivity only with MIB-1 and mitoses per 10 HPF. High MFC was associated with other prognostic factors: high histologic tumor grade, absence of biochemical and immunohistochemical hormone receptors, and DNA aneuploidy, but not lymph node involvement or tumor size. MIB-1 positivity was also associated with these parameters, except lymph node involvement, tumor size, and DNA aneuploidy. Mitotic figure count and MIB-1 positivity were associated strongly with disease-free survival, up to 46 months. The other proliferation markers were associated with fewer prognostic factors and showed weak or absent association with disease-free survival. The best proliferation markers are mitotic figure counting (either method) or MIB-1 positivity.
Molecular Basis of the Effect of Potassium on Heterologously Expressed Pacemaker (HCN) Channels (2003)

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels modulate the firing rates of neuronal and cardiac pacemaker cells. HCN channels resemble voltage-gated K+ channels structurally, but much less is known about their structure-function correlation. Although modulation of K+ channel gating by external K+ is a well-known phenomenon, such a link has not been established for HCN channels. Here we examined the effects of external permeant (K+, Na+ and Li+) and non-permeant (NMG+) ions on HCN1 and HCN2 gating. Substituting 64 of 96 mM external K+ with Na+, Li+ or NMG+ positively shifted steady-state activation (approximately 13 mV), and preferentially slowed activation of HCN1. Mutating the pore variant C-terminal to the GYG motif in HCN1, A352, to the analogous conserved Asp in K+ channels or Arg in HCN2 produced a significant hyperpolarizing activation shift (by 5-15 mV), slowed gating kinetics (up to 6-fold), and abolished or attenuated gating responses to external K+. Whereas Na+, Li+ and NMG+ substitutions produced depolarizing activation shifts of HCN2 similar to those of HCN1, deactivation but not activation of HCN2 was exclusively decelerated. We conclude that gating and permeation of HCN channels are coupled, and that modulation of this 'pore-to-gate' coupling by external K+ is isoform-specific.
Selective Modulation of Wild Type Receptor Functions by Mutants of G-Protein-coupled Receptors (1999)

Members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family are involved in most aspects of higher eukaryote biology, and mutations in their coding sequence have been linked to several diseases. In the present study, we report that mutant GPCR can affect the functional properties of the co-expressed wild type (WT) receptor. Mutants of the human platelet-activating factor receptor that fail to show any detectable ligand binding (N285I and K298stop) or coupling to a G-protein (D63N, D289A, and Y293A) were co-expressed with the WT receptor in Chinese hamster ovary and COS-7 cells. In this context, N285I and K298stop mutant receptors inhibited 3H-WEB2086 binding and surface expression. Co-transfection with D63N resulted in a constitutively active receptor phenotype. Platelet-activating factor-induced inositol phosphate production in cells transfected with a 1:1 ratio of WT:D63N was higher than with the WT cDNA alone but was abolished with a 1:3 ratio. We confirmed that these findings could be extended to other GPCRs by showing that co-expression of the WT C-C chemokine receptor 2b with a carboxyl-terminal deletion mutant (K311stop), resulted in a decreased affinity and responsiveness to MCP-1. A better understanding of this phenomenon could lead to important tools for the prevention or treatment of certain diseases.
High-throughput comparison of gene fitness among related bacteria (2012)

Comparisons among transposon integration profiles from different members of a species and among related species, all grown in similar conditions, identify differences in gene contributions to fitness among syntenic homologs. Further differences in fitness profiles among shared genes can be expected in other selective environments, with potential relevance for comparative systems biology.
Unintentional Dural Puncture with a Tuohy Needle Increases Risk of Chronic Headache (2012)

Patients who incur unintentional dural punctures with large-gauge needles are surprisingly likely to continue to suffer chronic headaches. Treatment with an epidural blood patch does not enhance the risk of chronic back pain. The pathophysiology underlying these symptoms and the best treatment for this syndrome are not known.
TobEA: an atlas of tobacco gene expression from seed to senescence (2010)

The generation of a tobacco expression microarray is an important development for research in this model plant. The data provided by TobEA represents a valuable resource for plant functional genomics and systems biology research and can be used to identify gene targets for both fundamental and applied scientific applications in tobacco.
Feel the heat: Activation, orientation, and feeding responses of bed bugs to targets at different temperatures (2016)

Host location in bed bugs is poorly understood. Of the primary host-associated cues known to attract bed bugs - CO<sub>2</sub>, odors, heat - heat has received little attention as an independent stimulus. We evaluated the effects of target temperatures ranging from 23 to 48°C on bed bug activation, orientation and feeding. Activation and orientation responses were assessed using a heated target in a circular arena. All targets heated above ambient temperature activated bed bugs (initiated movement) and elicited oriented movement toward the target, with higher temperatures generally resulting in faster activation and orientation. The distance over which bed bugs could orient toward a heat source was measured using a 2-choice T-maze assay. Positive thermotaxis was limited to distances <3 cm. Bed bug feeding responses on an artificial feeding system increased with feeder temperature up to 38 and 43°C, and declined precipitously at 48°C. In addition, bed bugs responded to the relative difference between ambient and feeder temperatures. These results highlight the wide range of temperatures that elicit activation, orientation and feeding responses in bed bugs. In contrast, the ability of bed bugs to correctly orient towards a heated target, independently of other cues, is limited to very short distances (<3 cm). Finally, bed bug feeding is shown to be relative to ambient temperature, not an absolute response to feeder blood temperature.
Optimal Targets for the Bank Shot in Men's Basketball (2011)

The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the bank shot and ultimately determine the optimal target points on the backboard for the bank shot in men's basketball. The study used over one million three-dimensional simulations of basketball trajectories. Four launch variables were studied: launch height, launch speed, launch angle, and aim angle. The shooter's statistical characteristics were prescribed to yield a 70 percent free throw when launching the ball seven feet above the ground with 3 Hz of back spin. We found that the shooter can select a bank shot over a direct shot with as much as a 20 percent advantage. The distribution over the court of preferences of the bank shot over the direct shot was determined. It was also shown that there is an aim line on the backboard independent of the shooter's location on the court. We also found that at 3.326 inches behind the backboard, there exists a vertical axis that aids in finding the optimal target point on the backboard. The optimal target point is the crossing of the vertical axis and the aim line that is in the shooter's line of sight.
Preparation of chiral cyanohydrins by an oxynitrilase-mediated transcyanation (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of chiral cyanohydrins by an oxynitrilase-mediated transcyanationVassil I. Ognyanov, Violeta K. Datcheva, and Keith S. KylerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 18, 6992–6996Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00018a042RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Controlling Peptide Structure with Coordination Chemistry: Robust and Reversible Peptide–Dirhodium Ligation (2009)

Mild and reversible: A dirhodium tetracarboxylate reacts with peptides to bridge carboxylate side chains (see scheme). The ligation proceeds under mild aqueous conditions and is readily reversible. Dirhodium adduct formation can be used to control the conformation and supramolecular structure of peptides. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
DEF Pocket in p38α Facilitates Substrate Selectivity and Mediates Autophosphorylation (2013)

Signaling processes are primarily promoted by molecular recognition and corresponding protein-protein interactions. One of the key eukaryotic signaling pathways is the MAP kinase cascade involved in vital cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and stress response. The principle recognition site of MAP kinases, the common docking (CD) region, forms selective interactions with substrates, upstream activators, and phosphatases. A second docking site, defined as the DEF site interaction pocket (DEF pocket), is formed subsequent to ERK2 and p38α activation. Both crystal structures of p38α in its dually phosphorylated form and of intrinsically active mutants showed the DEF pocket, giving motivation for studying its role in substrate activation and selectivity. Mutating selected DEF pocket residues significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of three p38α substrates (ATFII, Elk-1, and MBP) with no apparent effect on the phosphorylation of MK2 kinase. Conversely, mutating the CD region gave the opposite effect, suggesting p38α substrates can be classified into DEF-dependent and DEF-independent substrates. In addition, mutating DEF pocket residues decreased the autophosphorylation capability of intrinsically active p38α mutants, suggesting DEF-mediated trans-autophosphorylation in p38α. These results could contribute to understanding substrate selectivity of p38α and serve as a platform for designing p38α-selective DEF site blockers, which partially inhibit p38α binding DEF-dependent substrates, whereas maintaining its other functions intact. In this context, preliminary results using synthetic peptides reveal significant inhibition of substrate phosphorylation by activated p38α.
Tracking the Evolution of Smartphone Sensing for Monitoring Human Movement (2015)

Advances in mobile technology have led to the emergence of the "smartphone", a new class of device with more advanced connectivity features that have quickly made it a constant presence in our lives. Smartphones are equipped with comparatively advanced computing capabilities, a global positioning system (GPS) receivers, and sensing capabilities (i.e., an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and more recently magnetometer and barometer) which can be found in wearable ambulatory monitors (WAMs). As a result, algorithms initially developed for WAMs that "count" steps (i.e., pedometers); gauge physical activity levels; indirectly estimate energy expenditure and monitor human movement can be utilised on the smartphone. These algorithms may enable clinicians to "close the loop" by prescribing timely interventions to improve or maintain wellbeing in populations who are at risk of falling or suffer from a chronic disease whose progression is linked to a reduction in movement and mobility. The ubiquitous nature of smartphone technology makes it the ideal platform from which human movement can be remotely monitored without the expense of purchasing, and inconvenience of using, a dedicated WAM. In this paper, an overview of the sensors that can be found in the smartphone are presented, followed by a summary of the developments in this field with an emphasis on the evolution of algorithms used to classify human movement. The limitations identified in the literature will be discussed, as well as suggestions about future research directions.
Behaviors and Profit Based Sales Campaign Design (2015)

In this paper, we propose a novel profit-based metric for pattern mining. The objective is for companies to maximize their profits by offering the correct assortment of products with high margins in marketing campaigns. Based on the proposed metric, a sales campaign can accurately target/recommend the products that will translate to higher profits for a company to its customers. Moreover, if a sales campaign also considers consumer behaviour like what time consumers want what kinds of products, it can achieve better recommendations that not only benefit the company financially but also increase the satisfaction level of the customers. In addition, we analyze different groups of customers through a segmentation analysis to help a company target customers with significant upside potential. This research seeks to improve the marketing decision-making process to launch effective sales campaigns to target high-value customers.
Optimum satellite relay positions with application to a TDRS-1 Indian Ocean relay (1994)

An Indian Ocean satellite relay is examined. The relay satellite position is optimized by minimizing the sum of downlink and satellite to satellite link losses. Osculating orbital elements are used for fast intensive orbital computation. Integrated Van Vleck gaseous attenuation and a Crane rain model are used for downlink attenuation. Circular polarization losses on the satellite to satellite link are found dynamically. Space to ground link antenna pointing losses are included as a function of yaw ans spacecraft limits. Relay satellite positions between 90 to 100 degrees East are found attractive for further study.
Control of Primordial Follicle Recruitment by Anti-Mullerian Hormone in the Mouse Ovary1 (1999)

The dimeric glycoprotein anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of growth and differentiation factors. During male fetal sex differentiation, AMH is produced by Sertoli cells and induces degeneration of the Müllerian ducts, which form the anlagen of part of the internal female genital system. In females, AMH is produced by the ovary, but only postnatally. The function of AMH in the ovary is, however, still unknown. Female AMH null mice were reported to be fertile, with normal litter size, but this does not exclude a more subtle function for ovarian AMH. To investigate the function of AMH in the ovary, the complete follicle population was determined in AMH null mice, in mice heterozygous for the AMH null mutation, and in wild-type mice of different ages: 25 days, 4 months, and 13 months. In the present study we found that ovaries of 25-day- and 4-month-old AMH null females, compared to those of wild-type females, contain more preantral and small antral follicles. In addition, in 4- and 13-month-old AMH null females, smaller numbers of primordial follicles were found. Actually, in 13-month-old AMH null females, almost no primordial follicles could be detected, coinciding with a reduced number of preantral and small antral follicles in these females. In almost all females heterozygous for the AMH null mutation the number of follicles fell in between the numbers found in wild-type and AMH null females. In 4-month-old AMH null females serum inhibin levels were higher and FSH levels were lower compared to those in wild-type females. In contrast, inhibin levels were lower in 13-month-old AMH null females, and FSH levels were unchanged compared to those in wild-type females. Furthermore, the weight of the ovaries was twice as high in the 4-month-old AMH null females as in age-matched wild-type females. We conclude that AMH plays an important role in primordial follicle recruitment, such that more primordial follicles are recruited in AMH null mice than in wild-type mice; the mice heterozygous for the AMH null mutation take an in-between position. Consequently, the ovaries of AMH null females and those of females heterozygous for the AMH null mutation will show a relatively early depletion of their stock of primordial follicles. The female AMH null mouse may thus provide a useful model to study regulation of primordial follicle recruitment and the relation between follicular dynamics and ovarian aging.
Synthesis and binding to tubulin of colchicine spin probes (1984)

Spin probes of deacetylcholchicine (1), 4-(hydroxymethyl)colchicine (2), and colchifoline (3) have been synthesized to study the binding site for colchicine on tubulin. Acylation of 1-3 with (+/-)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy-3-carboxylic acid (4) afforded diastereomeric mixtures of the esters 5-8 and the amides 9 and 10. Pure diastereomers of 3 were synthesized with 4a and 4b, which inhibited the binding of colchicine by 60%. In the presence of calf brain microtubular protein, the colchifoline spin labels underwent reduction of the nitroxide group, which precluded their use to study the topography of the colchicine binding site.
Generation of Widely and Flatly Broadened, Low-Noise and High-Coherence Supercontinuum in All-Fiber System (2006)

We present generation of widely and flatly broadened, low-noise and high-coherence supercontinuum (SC). Pedestal-free high-power Raman soliton pulses are generated as pump pulses and a wideband and flat SC is generated in a normal and small dispersive highly nonlinear fiber. The average power and the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of the generated SC are 40 mW and 580 nm, respectively. The spectral shape is very flat and smooth. The flat spectrum with ±1 dB uniformity is obtained at wavelength region of 1370–1890 nm. The generated SC shows low relative intensity noise (RIN) and high degree of coherence.
Radio-over-Fibre Techniques and Performance (2010)

Frontiers in Guided Wave