gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The potential role of neuropathic mechanisms in dry eye syndromes (2016)

Dry eye syndromes can involve both nociceptive and neuropathic symptoms. Nociceptive symptoms are the normal physiological responses to noxious stimuli. Neuropathic symptoms are caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system and can be the result of hypersensitisation of peripheral or central corneal and conjunctival somatosensory nerves. For example, inflammation could induce neuroplastic peripheral sensitisation of the ocular surface or lid wiper and exacerbate nociceptive symptoms. Neuropathic symptoms may explain the incommensurate relation between signs and symptoms in some dry eye syndromes although absence of signs of a dry eye syndrome may also be a consequence of inappropriate methods used when examining for them. Involvement of neuropathic mechanisms may also help explain dry eye symptoms which occur in association with reduced corneal sensitivity. This review includes a discussion of the potential for ocular symptoms involving neuropathic mechanisms to contribute to psychosocial problems such as depression, stress, anxiety and sleep disorders as well as for these types of psychosocial problems to contribute to neuropathic mechanisms and dry eye syndromes. Failure to consider the possibility that neuropathic mechanisms can contribute to dry eye syndromes may reduce accuracy of diagnosis and the suitability of treatment provided. Dry eye symptoms in the absence of commensurate evidence of tear dysfunction, and unsatisfactory response to tear dysfunction therapies should prompt consideration of neuropathic mechanisms being involved. Symptoms which persist after local anaesthetic instillation are more likely to be neuropathic in origin. Reducing inflammation may help limit any associated neuroplastic hypersensitivity.
ANTIGENICITY STUDY OF BUSPIRONE HYDROCHLORIDE IN GUINEA PIGS AND MICE (1990)

Buspirone hydrochloride(buspirone) and buspirone-ovalbumin mixture were examined for their antigenicity in guinea pigs and mice in comparison with ovalbumin (OVA) and 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-OVA conjugate. The results obtained were as follows: 1. When guinea pigs were sensitized with buspirone or buspirone-OVA emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), these animals showed negative reactions in active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA), active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA), passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), passive hemagglutination (PHA) and Schultz-Dale test. 2. When mice were sensitized with buspirone or buspirone-OVA adsorbed to alum, these animals revealed a negative reaction in PCA using rats. 3. As positive controls, guinea pigs were sensitized with OVA or DNCB-OVA emulsified with FCA, and mice with OVA or DNCB-OVA adsorbed to alum. As a result, these animals disclosed positive reactions in ASA, ACA, PCA, PHA and Schultz-Dale test. As shown above, buspirone was considered to possess neither antigenic nor haptenic properties.
Insulated Liquid Electrodes in a microfluidic chip for the electroporation of living cells (2008)

International audience
S100A8 and S100A9 Overexpression Is Associated with Poor Pathological Parameters in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast (2008)

S100 protein A8 and A9 naturally form a stable heterocomplex. Recently, we have proved that S100A9 overexpression in various adenocarcinomas is associated with poor tumor differentiation. In this study, we examined the relationship between the expression of each protein and the pathological parameters that reflect the aggressiveness of carcinoma, in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. Serial paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 101 IDC cases were immunostained with respective monoclonal antibodies, and the results were as follows: 1) A positive correlation of immunoreactivity between S100A8 and S100A9 was noticed (r=0.873 and P<0.0001); 2) The percentage of S100A9-positive tumor cells was higher than that of S100A8-positive tumor cells (P<0.001), and S100A8 alone was not detected in any case; 3) Overlap between S100A8 and S100A9 staining patterns was found in the corresponding tissue areas, but S100A9 positivity was also observed in S100A8-negative tumor cells; 4) The immunopositivity for each protein also correlated with the mitotic activity, MIB-1 index, HER2 overexpression, node metastasis, and poor pT categories and pStage (P<0.05); 5) Co-expression of both proteins was associated with poor tumor differentiation, vessel invasion, node metastasis, and poor pStage (P<0.05). Furthermore, co-expression of the proteins was also observed in MCF-7 cells, and it was suggested that the immunolocalization is related with cell cycle. Our conclusions are as follows: 1) It is suggested that S100A8 is S100A9-dependently expressed and acquires the protein stability by S100A8/A9 heterocomplex formation; 2) S100A8 and S100A9 overexpression should be considered marker of poor prognosis in IDC.
반복성 , 다의성 , 그리고 문장분해 (1994)

Lee, Chong-min (1994) Recursivenes, ambiguity, and sentence complexity. Linguistics, vol. 2. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the sentence complexity, focussing on the structrural recursiveness and ambiguity. When a person starts to understand the comprehension process of complex sentences, the two factors of recursion and ambiguity should be resolved for a fuller contextual information. Further, the principle of disambiguation is proposed to account for the technical strategies of complex sentences.
Designing Conjoint Choice Experiments Using Managers' Prior Beliefs (2001)

The authors provide more efficient designs for conjoint choice experiments based on prior information elicited from managers about the parameters and their associated uncertainty. The authors use a Bayesian design procedure that assumes a prior distribution of likely parameter values and optimizes the design over that distribution. The authors propose a way to elicit prior information from managers and show in Monte Carlo studies that the procedure provides more efficient designs than the current procedures. The authors provide an empirical application, in which they elicit prior information on the parameter values and the associated uncertainty from managers. Here, the Bayesian design provides 30%-50% lower standard errors of the estimates and an expected predictive validity that is approximately 20% higher.
Immunohistochemistry for hMLH1 and hMSH2: A Practical Test for DNA Mismatch Repair-Deficient Tumors (1999)

Inactivation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mismatch repair genes, most commonly human mutL homologue 1 (hMLH1) or human mutS homologue 2 (hMSH2), is a recently described alternate pathway in cancer development and progression. The resulting genetic instability is characterized by widespread somatic mutations in tumor DNA, and is termed high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Although described in a variety of tumors, mismatch repair deficiency has been studied predominantly in colorectal carcinoma. Most MSI-H colorectal carcinomas are sporadic, but some occur in patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), and are associated with germline mutations in mismatch repair genes. Until now, the identification of MSI-H cancers has required molecular testing. To evaluate the role of immunohistochemistry as a new screening tool for mismatch repair-deficient neoplasms, the authors studied the expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2, using commercially available monoclonal antibodies, in 72 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors that had been tested previously for microsatellite instability. They compared immunohistochemical patterns of 38 MSI-H neoplasms, including 16 cases from HNPCC patients with known germline mutations in hMLH1 or hMSH2, with 34 neoplasms that did not show microsatellite instability. Thirty-seven of 38 MSI-H neoplasms were predicted to have a mismatch repair gene defect, as demonstrated by the absence of hMLH1 and/or hMSH2 expression. This included correspondence with all 16 cases with germline mutations. All 34 microsatellite-stable cancers had intact staining with both antibodies. These findings clearly demonstrate that immunohistochemistry can discriminate accurately between MSI-H and microsatellite-stable tumors, providing a practical new technique with important clinical and research applications.
Correlation between different components of synovial fluid and pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. (2006)

This study gave us the possibility to provide a complex exploration of the biochemical environment of synovial fluid using the MRS method, that offers us the opportunity to understand more about the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases, to provide information regarding the degree of inflammation, immune infiltration and apoptosis in RA, cartilage degradation and muscular secondary atrophy in OA. The most valuable information is focused on the possibility to have a simultaneous detection of more than 26 different metabolites in synovial fluid samples.
Nano-assembly of DNA based electronic devices using atomic force microscopy (2005)

DNA electronics circuits require an efficient way to accurately position and individually manipulate DNA molecules. The recent development of atomic force microscopy (AFM) seems to be a promising solution. We have recently developed an AFM based augmented reality system. This new system can provide both real-time force feedback and real-time visual feedback during nanomanipulation. We have shown that nano-imprinting and manipulation of nano-particles and nano-rods can be easily performed under assistance of the augmented reality system. In this research, the system's ability is extended to manipulation of DNA molecules. Using a polynomial fitting method, the deformation of DNA molecules is displayed in real time in the augmented reality system during manipulation. Indeed, DNA molecules adopt many different structures including kinks, bends, bulges and distortions. These different structures and inappropriate physical contacts may result in the controversy of DNA conductivity reported over the last decade. The AFM based nanomanipulation system can be used either as a nanolithography tool to make small gap electrodes or a nanomanipulation tool to elongate, deform and cut DNA molecules. The measurement of the conductivity of DNA molecules in their different shapes and structures is a promising method to find conclusive evidences, which verify the electrical conductivity of DNA molecules.
Mapping the active site of meprin-A with peptide substrates and inhibitors (1991)

The extended substrate-binding site of meprin-A, a tetrameric metalloendopeptidase from brush border membranes of mouse kidney proximal tubules, was mapped with a series of peptide substrates. Previous studies led to the development of the chromogenic substrate Phe5(4-nitro)bradykinin for meprin-A. With this substrate, several biologically active peptides were screened as alternate substrate inhibitors, and, of these, bradykinin (RPPGFSPFR) was found to be the best substrate with a single cleavage site (Phe5-Ser6). Three types of bradykinin analogues were used for a systematic investigation of substrate specificity: (1) nonchromogenic bradykinin analogues with substitutions in the P3 to P3' subsites were used as alternative substrate inhibitors of nitrobradykinin hydrolysis, (2) analogues of nitrobradykinin with variations in the P1' position were tested as substrates, and (3) intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic bradykinin analogues with substitutions in the P1 to P3 sites were tested as substrates. A wide variety of substitutions in P1' had little effect on KM (174-339 microM) but markedly affected kcat (51.5 s-1 = A greater than S greater than R greater than F greater than K greater than T greater than E = 0). Substitutions in P1 had a greater effect on KM (366 microM-2.46 mM) and also strongly affected kcat (98.5 s-1 = A greater than F much greater than L greater than E greater than K = 2.4 s-1). The variety of allowed cleavages indicates that meprin-A does not have strict requirements for residues adjacent to the cleavage site. Substitutions farther from the scissle bond also affected binding and hydrolysis, demonstrating that multiple subsite interactions are involved in meprin-A action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Channel allocation and power settings in a cellular system with macro and micro cells using the same frequency spectrum (2002)

The paper addresses the frequency allocation and power setting problems in a cellular system with two cell layers. The macro cell layer provides coverage while the micro cell layer adds extra capacity to parts of the service area. A frequency allocation principle is studied where no division of the spectrum is made between the cell layers. The micro cells are instead reusing frequencies from the macro layer. In order not to cause excessive interference to the macro layer, a transmitter power restriction is put on the micro cell base stations and the mobile stations connected to the micro cells. Simulations show that the principle is feasible as long as the micro cells are small enough compared to the macro cells. It is also shown that an adequate frequency plan for the micro cells can be found automatically.
DetoxiProt: an integrated database for detoxification proteins (2011)

DetoxiProt provides an effective and efficient way of accessing the detoxification protein sequences and other high-quality information. This database would be a valuable source for toxicologists, pharmacologists and medicinal chemists. DetoxiProt database is freely available at http://lifecenter.sgst.cn/detoxiprot/.
The Idea of Progress, Industrialization and the Replacement of Indigenous Peoples: The Muskrat Falls Megadam Boondoggle (2018)

This essay examines the continuing currency of the idea of progress to justify the state and corporate appropriation of Indigenous peoples' lands and the diminution of their rights. Focusing upon the Innu peoples of the Labrador-Quebec peninsula and the Newfoundland government-sponsored Lower Churchill hydroelectric project, especially its Muskrat Falls megadam component, the essay shows how the megadam is framed by a narrative of progress and a corrupt land claims process that violates Aboriginal title. In this context, I argue that the idea of industry as progress justifies the replacement of Indigenous peoples and their land-based ways of life with appeals to prosperity and sustainable development in which they are rendered insignificant.
Digit Electric Compass System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer (2000)

Describes the angle digital converters and the method of programming for the digit electric compass system. It is proved that the system is reliable and has good performances by application in the cutter suction dredger and bucket wheel suction dredger.
Resisting Reality: Social Construction and Social Critique (2013)

Sally Haslanger’s Resisting Reality: Social Construction and Social Critique is a collection of 13 essays (written between 1993 and 2011, all but one previously published).1 The collection is divided into three parts, labelled ‘Social Construction’, ‘Gender and Race’ and ‘Language & Knowledge’. The essays share a theme (gender and race are socially constructed but nevertheless real), a philosophical perspective (semantic externalism) and a commitment to social change (ending sexism and racism). Gender, according to Haslanger, is the social meaning of sex (2012: 39–42), while race the social meaning of (geographical) ancestry (what Haslanger calls ‘color’) (2012: 185–6). While nature divides us by colour and sex, we divide ourselves by race and gender. While gender and race are real, their reality is of our making, the result of our social norms and practices rather than our biology, and to the extent these are unjust, so too are gender and race, the categories and differences we create and help to sustain.
Business Models for Peer to Peer Initiatives (2003)

This paper examines recent peer to peer initiatives in the context of the business models literature.There are three types of studies on business models: focused studies on success factors, multifactor studies of success and failure, and studies identifying the components of business models.The most common factors used to analyze business models are: revenue sources, potential benefits to actors, enabling technologies, security, and behavioural changes.Of the four cases analyzed the collaborative model of Groove and the distribution and caching model of Kontiki appear to have greater commercial promise than the file sharing model of KaZaA and the distributed processing model of SETI@Home.
Stream control transmission protocol (SCTP): a reference guide (2001)

Written by the creators of SCTP, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP): A Reference Guide is a comprehensive, practical guide to SCTP technology. Examining the protocol in depth, the book provides useful perspective on design rationale and highlights SCTP's improvements over TCP in the areas of security and reliability. The book also demonstrates how to take full advantage of SCTP to make IP-based communications more reliable and robust.
Aluminum Salts Stimulate Luminol-Enhanced Chemiluminescence Production by Human Neutrophils (1991)

Aluminum intoxication is currently thought to play a major role in the development of Alzheimer's disease and in certain pathologic manifestations seen during long-term hemodialysis and aging. The hypothesis that aluminum toxicity is mediated via an increased free radical production was tested by studying the effects of two aluminum and five other metallic compounds on the production of luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LECL) by human neutrophils. AlCl3, Al2(SO4)3 and FeCl3 were found to stimulate LECL production by human neutrophils whereas FeCl2, CuCl, CuCl2, AuCl3 were inactive. Metal chelators such as Desferal, EDTA and DETAPA suppressed aluminum-induced stimulation and depressed cell-dependent LECL below basal levels. Sodium azide and Cytochalasin B greatly depressed both basal and aluminum-induced stimulation of LECL production, suggesting that, in this system, most of this stimulation was due to myeloperoxidase. These results suggest that high tissue aluminum concentrations may induce cell-tissue lesions by stimulating local production or release of mediators of tissue damage.
A Critical Review of Surfactant-Mediated Phase Separations (Cloud-Point Extractions): Theory and Applications (1993)

Abstract The general concept of using the unique phase separation behavior of some surfactant micelle solutions as a means for extractive separation is outlined and described. Next, the specific micellar parameters and phase separation behavior of nonionic and zwitterionic charge-type surfactant solutions are summarized. In addition, the phase behavior of some derivatized B-cyclodextrin solutions is briefly described. The specific applications of such systems and their phase behavior for the extractive preconcentration, separation, and/or purification of metal chelates, biomaterials, and organic compounds are summarized and discussed. The potential use of affinity ligands in conjunction with the cloud-point approach for selective bioextractions is also mentioned. The experimental protocols, advantages, and limitations of the different cloud-point extraction techniques are outlined. The use of zwitterionic as opposed to nonionic surfactant media in such separations is compared and contrasted. In addition, extractions based on use of aqueous two-phase polymer systems are compared and contrasted to extractions employing the aqueous surfactant systems. Some areas for further work are identified. The use of such phase separation behavior in environmental cleanup applications is described. Last, some general experimental considerations with respect to surfactant purity and analyte recovery in such systems are presented.
Delivery of High‐Quality Biomarker Assays (2002)

Biomarker measurements now support key decisions throughout the drug development process, from lead optimization to regulatory approvals. They are essential for documenting exposure-response relationships, specificity and potency toward the molecular target, untoward effects, and therapeutic applications. In a broader sense, biomarkers constitute the basis of clinical pathology and laboratory medicine. The utility of biomarkers is limited by their specificity and sensitivity toward the drug or disease process and by their overall variability. Understanding and controlling sources of variability is not only imperative for delivering high-quality assay results, but ultimately for controlling the size and expense of research studies. Variability in biomarker measurements is affected by: biological and environmental factors (e.g., gender, age, posture, diet and biorhythms), sample collection factors (e.g., preservatives, transport and storage conditions, and collection technique), and analytical factors (e.g., purity of reference material, pipetting precision, and antibody specificity). The quality standards for biomarker assays used in support of nonclinical safety studies fall under GLP (FDA) regulations, whereas, those assays used to support human diagnostics and healthcare are established by CLIA (CMS) regulations and accrediting organizations such as the College of American Pathologists. While most research applications of biomarkers are not regulated, biomarker laboratories in all settings are adopting similar laboratory practices in order to deliver high-quality data. Because of the escalation in demand for biomarker measurements, the highly-parallel (multi-plexed) assay platforms that have fueled the rise of genomics will likely evolve into the analytical engines that drive the biomarker laboratories of tomorrow.
Flagellar biosynthesis exerts temporal regulation of secretion of specific <scp><i>C</i></scp><i>ampylobacter jejuni</i> colonization and virulence determinants (2014)

The Campylobacter jejuni flagellum exports both proteins that form the flagellar organelle for swimming motility and colonization and virulence factors that promote commensal colonization of the avian intestinal tract or invasion of human intestinal cells respectively. We explored how the C. jejuni flagellum is a versatile secretory organelle by examining molecular determinants that allow colonization and virulence factors to exploit the flagellum for their own secretion. Flagellar biogenesis was observed to exert temporal control of secretion of these proteins, indicating that a bolus of secretion of colonization and virulence factors occurs during hook biogenesis with filament polymerization itself reducing secretion of these factors. Furthermore, we found that intramolecular and intermolecular requirements for flagellar-dependent secretion of these proteins were most reminiscent to those for flagellin secretion. Importantly, we discovered that secretion of one colonization and virulence factor, CiaI, was not required for invasion of human colonic cells, which counters previous hypotheses for how this protein functions during invasion. Instead, secretion of CiaI was essential for C. jejuni to facilitate commensal colonization of the natural avian host. Our work provides insight into the versatility of the bacterial flagellum as a secretory machine that can export proteins promoting diverse biological processes.