gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The race between initial T–helper expansion and virus growth upon HIV infection influences polyclonality of the response and viral set–point (2003)

Infection with HIV is characterized by very diverse disease-progression patterns across patients, associated with a wide variation in viral set-points. Progression is a multifactorial process, but an important role has been attributed to the HIV-specific T-cell response. To explore the conditions under which different set-points may be explained by differences in initial CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses and virus inoculum, we have formulated a model assuming that HIV-specific CD4 cells are both targets for infection and mediators of a monoclonal or polyclonal immune response. Clones differ in functional avidity for HIV epitopes. Importantly, in contrast to previous models, in this model we obtained coexistence of multiple clones at steady-state viral set-point, as seen in HIV infection. We found that, for certain parameter conditions, multiple steady states are possible: with few initial CD4 helper cells and high virus inoculum, no immune response is established and target-cell-limited infection follows, with associated high viral load; when CD4 clones are initially large and virus inoculum is low, infection can be controlled by several clones. The conditions for the dependence of viral set-point on initial inoculum and CD4 T-helper clone availability are investigated in terms of the effector mechanism of the clones involved.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antiatherogenic Effects of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor Arglabin in ApoE <sub>2</sub> .Ki Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet (2015)

Arglabin reduces inflammation and plasma lipids, increases autophagy, and orients tissue macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype in ApoE2.Ki mice fed a high-fat diet. Consequently, a marked reduction in atherosclerotic lesions was observed. Thus, arglabin may represent a promising new drug to treat inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Biochemically Controlled Bioelectrocatalytic Interface (2008)

A switchable bioelectrocatalytic system for glucose oxidation controlled by external biochemical signals exemplifies interfacing between bioelectronic and biochemical ensembles.
High performance fair bandwidth allocation algorithm for resilient packet ring (2003)

IEEE is currently standardizing a new high-speed backbone technology for MANs - the Resilient Packet Ring (RPR). A key performance objective of RPR is to achieve high utilization, spatial reuse, and fairness simultaneously. However, the algorithms proposed in current draft standards have some critical limitations. As shown in an unbalanced traffic scenario, the draft RPR algorithm will suffer from dramatic bandwidth oscillations within nearly the entire range of the link capacity. In this paper, we propose a new dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm called Distributed Bandwidth Reallocated in Rings (DBRR), which is based on approximately virtual-time. It shows that with fairness information propagated along the ring, each node can remotely approximate the ideal fair rate for its own traffic at each downstream link, and the whole ring can obtain maximum spatial reuse and nearly lossless throughput.
Characterization of the mechanical behaviour of materials in the tensile test: experiments and simulation (2004)

This paper presents an experimental analysis and a numerical simulation of the mechanical behaviour experienced during the tensile test by both cylindrical and strip specimens of different materials for which the classical so-called Bridgman's procedure aimed at predicting the stress distribution at the necking zone cannot be directly applied. A set of experiments has been carried out in order to derive the elastic and hardening parameters that characterize the material response. The simulation of the deformation process during the whole test is performed with a finite element large strain elastoplasticity-based formulation. Finally, the results obtained with the simulation are experimentally validated.
THE EARLY DAYS OF THE ANNALS OF SURGERY (1925)

of Philadelphia, Pa. EMERITUS PROFESSOR OF SURGERY IN THE JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLAGE OF PHILADELPHIA DOCTOR, HONORIS CAUSA, UNIVERSITY OF PARIS
Some Recent Advances in Forecasting and Control (1968)

A brief discussion of Statistical Quality Control Charting procedures is first presented with special reference to the relevance of the objectives and assumptions. An approach to the design of discrete feedforward and feedback control schemes, which are of great importance for example, in the chemical industry, is then given. This approach to control employs discrete stochastic and dynamic models discussed in Part I of this paper (Box and Jenkins, 1968) and has a close link with the forecasting problems discussed there. The control algorithms obtained are ideally suited to discrete digital computer control. However, for common simple situations the algorithms may be represented by suitable charts or nomograms which may be employed to obtain improved manual control. The paper ends with a discussion of a problem typical of that arising in the parts manufacturing industry. Here, attention must be given to the cost of making an adjustment to the machine as well as to the cost of being off target and to the stochastic nature of the disturbance. An example is given where the appropriate form of action is like that required by Roberts's modification of a Shewhart chart. However, the justification required to make such action appropriate is very different from that previously given.
Principles and Tools for Selection of Umbilical Cord Blood and Unrelated Adult Donor Grafts (2007)

An analysis of NMDP data shows that allele-level matching for HLA A, B, C, and DRB1 is preferred in the selection of adult unrelated donors. If mismatching is unavoidable, mismatches at HLA B or C may be better tolerated than those at A or DRB1. Whether mismatches are at the allele level (ie, within an antigen group) or at the antigen level makes no difference in outcome, except at HLA C where allele mismatches are better tolerated. Matching for HLA DQ and DP should be prioritized below matching at the 4 major loci. These findings are compared and contrasted with previous publications. The impact of HLA matching on major outcomes in umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation continues to be refined. Total nucleated cell dose was previously thought to be sole determinant of outcome with partially HLA matched UCB transplantation, but HLA matching, particularly at low total nucleated cell dose, appears to play an important role. Relatively small sample sizes limit the consistency of findings from cord blood studies, but the consensus supports consideration of both total nucleated cell dose and HLA matching in the selection of optimal UCB units. As search considerations for both adult donors and umbilical cord blood units have become more complex, the National Marrow Donor Program has developed software, services and relationships to ease the burden on transplant teams.
High impedance fault arcing on sandy soil in 15 kV distribution feeders: contributions to the evaluation of the low frequency spectrum (1990)

The measured values of current harmonics at a staged high-impedance ground fault on sandy soil are presented. The measured low-frequency spectrum is compared with current harmonics recorded continuously for one week at the substation. This comparison was carried out to determine to what extent 120 Hz and 180 Hz components can be used to help detect a high-impedance fault. The field measurements are supported by a simple theoretical model and laboratory measurements. It is concluded that, for the studied feeder, detection of high-impedance arcing faults may be possible by monitoring of the second-harmonic current.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Some recent advances in fibreoptic sensors (1990)

Fibre-optic sensor technology provides a means of performing sensing functions in hostile environments, such as explosive or high electromagnetic-interferenceprone areas, whilst also offering advantages in terms of convenience of application. For these reasons fibre-optic sensors are currently of great interest to large sections of the industrial and military community. The paper presents a selection of the sensor systems upon which Plessey Research has worked in recent years and which illustrate this wide interest. The fibre-optic gas sensor and the fibre-optic distributed temperature sensor are examples of sensors with general industrial interest. The analogue spectral-filtering sensor system and the fibreoptic gyroscope are of interest to the aerospace industry. The hydrophone has potential naval applications whilst fibre-optic evanescent field sensors have an attraction to medical and industrial users. For each of these sensor types the principle of operation and the demonstrated performance are described and the current state of development commented on.
Activities of the Oxazolidinones Linezolid and Eperezolid in Experimental Intra-Abdominal Abscess Due to <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> or Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (1999)

The in vivo effectiveness of oxazolidinones eperezolid (U-100592) and linezolid (U-100766) against one strain each of Enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium was examined in a rat model of intra-abdominal abscess. MICs of both drugs were 2 microg/ml for each strain. At doses of 25 mg/kg of body weight twice daily intravenously or orally, linezolid produced small but statistically significant reductions in abscess bacterial density for E. faecalis. The reduction in viable cells observed would not likely be clinically relevant. Eperezolid was ineffective at this dose. At a dosage of 100 mg/kg/day, linezolid treatment led to an approximately 100-fold reduction in viable cells per gram of abscess. Against E. faecium infections, intravenous eperezolid and oral linezolid were effective, reducing densities approximately 2 log(10) CFU/g. Both oxazolidinones demonstrated activity against enterococci in this model. However, results were modest with the dosing regimens employed.
PACAP promotes neural stem cell proliferation in adult mouse brain (2004)

In recent years, it has become evident that neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain continuously generate new neurons, mainly in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb. Although different growth factors have been shown to stimulate neurogenesis in the adult brain, very little is known about the role of neuropeptides in this process. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with pleiotropic effects acting through three receptors to which it has high affinity, namely, PACAP receptor 1 (PAC1), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor 1, and VIP receptor 2. We show that PAC1 is expressed in the neurogenic regions of the adult mouse brain, namely the ventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Cultured neural stem cells isolated from the lateral ventricle wall of adult mice express PAC1 and proliferate in vitro in response to two PAC1 agonists, PACAP and Maxadilan, but not VIP at physiologic concentrations, indicating PAC1 as a mediator of neural stem cell proliferation. Pharmacologic and biochemical characterization of PACAP-induced neural stem cell proliferation revealed the protein kinase C pathway as the principal signaling pathway, whereas addition of epidermal growth factor synergistically enhanced the proliferating effect of PACAP. Further in vitro characterization of the effect of PACAP on neural stem cells showed PACAP capable of stimulating ex novo in vitro formation of multipotent neurospheres with the capacity to generate both neuronal and glial cells. Finally, intracerebroventricular infusion of PACAP increases cell proliferation in the ventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. We conclude that PACAP, through PAC1, is a potent mediator of adult neural stem cell proliferation.
The Social Internet of Things (2015)

Summary form only given. All market and technology studies forecast an explosive growth in the number of "things" that will be connected to the Internet. The resulting network is what is commonly known as the "Internet of Things" (IoT). When compared to the traditional Internet, the extremely high complexity of the IoT environments (usually characterized by a huge number of nodes, high heterogeneity of their resources and capabilities, uncertainty on their trustworthiness, etc.) poses new challenges that cannot be faced by even very smart objects singularly.Social behavior is the answer found by several creatures to face the complexity of the surrounding environment. Accordingly, the concept of Social Internet of Things (SIoT) has been recently introduced and is the subject of a rapidly increasing research effort.During the tutorial the introduction of social notions into the IoT will be motivated, the basic concepts of the SIoT paradigm explained, and the existing related research results and industrial experimentations surveyed. Besides, the architecture of a sample SIoT-based platform will be detailed together with some exemplary applications. Reference web site for this tutorial: http://www.social-iot.org.
<i>Demodex</i>Folliculitis Mimicking Acute Graft-vs-Host Disease (2013)

To our knowledge, this is only the fifth reported case of Demodex folliculitis following HSCT, but the first ever reported to be successfully treated with oral ivermectin. Demodex folliculitis should be added to the differential diagnosis of skin eruptions that arise after HSCT.
Immunocytochemical Methods and Protocols (2009)

Antibodies tagged with fuorescent markers have been used in histochemistry for over 50 years. Although early applications were focused on the detection of microbial antigens in tissues, the use of imm
Lipid−Quantum Dot Bilayer Vesicles Enhance Tumor Cell Uptake and Retention <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> (2008)

We report the construction of lipid-quantum dot (L-QD) bilayer vesicles by incorporation of the smallest (2 nm core size) commercially available CdSe/ZnS QD within zwitterionic dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and cationic 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane lipid bilayers, self-assembling into small unilamellar vesicles. The incorporation of QD in the acyl environment of the lipid bilayer led to significant enhancement of their optical stability during storage and exposure to UV irradiation compared to that of QD alone in toluene. Moreover, structural characterization of L-QD hybrid bilayer vesicles using cryogenic electron microscopy revealed that the incorporation of QD takes place by hydrophobic self-association within the biomembranes. The L-QD vesicles bound and internalized in human epithelial lung cells (A549), and confocal laser scanning microscopy studies indicated that the L-QD were able to intracellularly traffick inside the cells. Moreover, cationic L-QD vesicles were injected in vivo intratumorally, leading to enhanced retention within human cervical carcinoma (C33a) xenografts. The hybrid L-QD bilayer vesicles presented here are thought to constitute a novel delivery system that offers the potential for transport of combinatory therapeutic and diagnostic modalities to cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
Hybrid Waveguide Theory-based Modeling of Indoor Wireless Propagation (2009)

The current options for wireless signal prediction in indoor scenarios generally either lack precision or require immense computational resources. Thus, a new method is proposed that attempts to consolidate the desired accuracy with an easy to implement and time efficient scheme. This work identifies and takes advantage of dominant physical qualities of indoor environments to solve indoor channel problems using a hybrid of numerical and analytical approaches. Specifically, the guiding effect of hallway structures is investigated as they allow electromagnetic fields to propagate with relatively low attenuation. Combining waveguide mode analysis and rigorous numerical techniques, the proposed prediction model computes the hallway fields in a large building floorplan both quickly and with good accuracy in comparison to full finite-difference simulations. Signal measurement data will also be used to verify the applicability of the model.
IIR보간 필터를 사용한 저전력 데시메이션 필터 구조 설계 (2004)

본 논문에서는 무선 통신 시스템의 중간주파수 처리 단을 디지털로 신호 처리하는 DDC(Digital Down Converter)의 저전력 아키텍처를 제안한다. FIR 필터의 계산량을 줄이기 위해서 개발된 Interpolated FIR 필터가 DDC의 데시메이션 필터로 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 논문은 이와 같은 Interpolated FIR 필터의 개념이 IIR 필터에도 적용될 수 있음을 보이고, 전력 소모와 구현 면적이 기존의 Interpolated FIR 구조보다 더욱 감소된 Interpolated IIR 필터 구조를 제안하였다. CDMA IS-95 DDC 사양의 데시메이션 필터를 FIR 구조, Interpolated FIR 구조, IIR 구조, Interpolated IIR 구조로 구현하여 이 4가지 구조들의 전력소모와 구현 면적을 비교하였으며 제안된 Interpolated IIR 구조가 기존의 Interpolated FIR 구조에 비하여 15.2%의 소모전력 감소와 35.3%의 구현 면적의 감소를 달성할 수 있음을 보인다.
Dense Semantic Image Segmentation with Objects and Attributes (2014)

The concepts of objects and attributes are both important for describing images precisely, since verbal descriptions often contain both adjectives and nouns (e.g. 'I see a shiny red chair'). In this paper, we formulate the problem of joint visual attribute and object class image segmentation as a dense multi-labelling problem, where each pixel in an image can be associated with both an object-class and a set of visual attributes labels. In order to learn the label correlations, we adopt a boosting-based piecewise training approach with respect to the visual appearance and co-occurrence cues. We use a filtering-based mean-field approximation approach for efficient joint inference. Further, we develop a hierarchical model to incorporate region-level object and attribute information. Experiments on the aPASCAL, CORE and attribute augmented NYU indoor scenes datasets show that the proposed approach is able to achieve state-of-the-art results.
Novel Broadband Circular Waveguide Four-Way Power Divider for Dual Polarization Applications (2016)

A highly compact and efficient dual-mode power divider suitable for multi-level (4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> ) beam-forming networks is presented. Circular waveguide dual polarization is accomplished by using a symmetric 4:1 turnstile-like topology and strategic cavity resonance suppressors to achieve more than 20% bandwidth operation with a theoretical 35 dB cross-polar discrimination. Experimental verification for a Ku-band (10.5-13 GHz) dual-mode four-way power divider is presented, showing a common port return loss better than 20 dB, an input-output isolation (orthogonal modes) better than 30 dB, and an insertion loss around 0.25 dB.
Mannose-Specific Plant Lectins from the <i>Amaryllidaceae</i> Family Qualify as Efficient Microbicides for Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2004)

The plant lectins derived from Galanthus nivalis (Snowdrop) (GNA) and Hippeastrum hybrid (Amaryllis) (HHA) selectively inhibited a wide variety of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 strains and clinical (CXCR4- and CCR5-using) isolates in different cell types. They also efficiently inhibited infection of T lymphocytes by a variety of mutant virus strains. GNA and HHA markedly prevented syncytium formation between persistently infected HUT-78/HIV cells and uninfected T lymphocytes. The plant lectins did not measurably affect the antiviral activity of other clinically approved anti-HIV drugs used in the clinic when combined with these drugs. Short exposure of the lectins to cell-free virus particles or persistently HIV-infected HUT-78 cells markedly decreased HIV infectivity and increased the protective (microbicidal) activity of the plant lectins. Flow cytometric analysis and monoclonal antibody binding studies and a PCR-based assay revealed that GNA and HHA do not interfere with CD4, CXCR4, CCR5, and DC-SIGN and do not specifically bind with the membrane of uninfected cells. Instead, GNA and HHA likely interrupt the virus entry process by interfering with the virus envelope glycoprotein. HHA and GNA are odorless, colorless, and tasteless, and they are not cytotoxic, antimetabolically active, or mitogenic to human primary T lymphocytes at concentrations that exceed their antivirally active concentrations by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. GNA and HHA proved stable at high temperature (50 degrees C) and low pH (5.0) for prolonged time periods and can be easily formulated in gel preparations for microbicidal use; they did not agglutinate human erythrocytes and were not toxic to mice when administered intravenously.
Social Sharing of Television Content: An Architecture (2007)

Television, since its invention, has been considered a social link between people. This paper presents an architecture that enhances this social link by support- ing micro-personal recommendation messages of tele- vision content. The architecture allows end-users to share a fragment of television content, with optional media overlays, with others. In addition, it considers a variety of message transmission technologies such as mobile networks by using MMS and traditional commu- nications technologies such as e-mail, blog posting, and RSS feeds. Finally, the architecture covers a wide space of communication alternatives such as one-to-one, and one-to-many communications. This paper presents the architecture and an implemented prototype.
The Novel IgD Binding Protein from <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> Induces Human B Lymphocyte Activation and Ig Secretion in the Presence of Th2 Cytokines (2002)

Moraxella IgD binding protein (MID) is a novel bacterial outer membrane protein with IgD-binding properties. MID was purified from the respiratory pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis and is here shown to have B cell stimulatory properties. Purified MID in the range of 0.01-0.1 microg/ml was optimal to induce a proliferative response in human PBL. MID coupled to Sepharose and formalin-fixed M. catarrhalis preparations induced similar proliferative responses in PBL cultures. MID or MID-Sepharose stimulated purified human peripheral B cells as measured by proliferation. In contrast, MID or MID-Sepharose did not activate T cells. Preincubation of purified B cells with anti-IgD Abs inhibited MID-Sepharose-induced B cell proliferation. The addition of IL-4 specifically induced IL-6 production in MID-Sepharose-activated B cells. IgM secretion was detected in B cell cultures stimulated with MID or MID-Sepharose and IL-2 for 10 days. Secretion of IgG and IgA was efficiently induced in cultures from purified B cells stimulated with the combination of MID or MID-Sepharose and IL-4, IL-10, and soluble CD40 ligand, suggesting that Th2-derived cytokines were required for optimal plasma cell generation. Taken together, MID has properties that make it an important tool to study IgD-targeted activation of B cells.
Christiaan Huygens and contact geometry (2005)

This article is based on the author's inaugural lecture at the University of Cologne on 24 January 2003.
Xiaomi’s Submissions for IWSLT 2020 Open Domain Translation Task (2020)

This paper describes the Xiaomi’s submissions to the IWSLT20 shared open domain translation task for Chinese<->Japanese language pair. We explore different model ensembling strategies based on recent Transformer variants. We also further strengthen our systems via some effective techniques, such as data filtering, data selection, tagged back translation, domain adaptation, knowledge distillation, and re-ranking. Our resulting Chinese->Japanese primary system ranked second in terms of character-level BLEU score among all submissions. Our resulting Japanese->Chinese primary system also achieved a competitive performance.
A novel ARQ technique using the turbo coding principle (1997)

A novel automatic repeat request (ARQ) technique based on the turbo coding principle is presented. The technique uses the log-likelihood ratios generated by the decoder during a previous transmission as a priori information when decoding retransmissions. Simulation results show a significant decrease in frame error rate, especially at low-to-moderate E/sub b//N/sub 0/.