gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diclofenac-Bismuth Complex: Synthesis, Physicochemical, and Biological Evaluation (2008)

Diclofenac-bismuth complexation was attempted by mixing diclofenac sodium (Na) and bismuth-subcitrate aqueous solutions at diclofenac:bismuth molar ratio of 3:1. A solid precipitate was obtained and isolated. The precipitate was characterized for stoichiometric ratio of diclofenac-bismuth complexation using capillary electrophoresis, which showed 1:1 complexation. In addition, nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared analysis were performed for the isolated solid complex and indicated that bismuth was in coordinate bond formation with the carboxylate group of diclofenac. In comparison with diclofenac Na powder, the complex was evaluated as an aqueous suspension for in vitro drug dissolution. The complex exhibited a faster dissolution rate than and similar dissolution extent as diclofenac Na. In comparison with an aqueous solution of diclofenac Na and an aqueous suspension of physical mixture of diclofenac acid (suspended) and bismuth-subcitrate (dissolved), the aqueous complex suspension was evaluated for ulcerogenic effect in rats upon oral administration. The complex led to more gastric ulceration than diclofenac Na, which was not in accordance with the antiulcer properties of bismuth. This antiulcer effect was shown as the physical mixture administration was accompanied with lower gastric ulceration than diclofenac Na administration. These gastric ulceration results were explained in terms of the difference in particle size between solid diclofenac acid formed as a result of the complex breakdown in an acidic medium (0.1 M HCl to simulate the gastric fluid) and that formed as a result of diclofenac Na neutralization. Diclofenac acid particles formed from the complex breakdown were of average size, three times smaller of those formed as a result of diclofenac Na protonation. This difference in particle size was correlated with the higher gastric ulceration associated with the complex than with diclofenac Na in terms of higher coverage of the gastric mucosa with diclofenac, and consequently, higher local ulceration.
Books (1964)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsRobert C. NorthRobert C. North is professor of political science, and director of an interdisciplinary research project on international conflict and integration, Stanford University. He is the author of many books and articles, including Moscow and the Chinese Communists (Stanford University Press, 1953, revised, 1963).
A full featured monitoring, control and data management system for liquid metal coolant loops (2005)

The heavy liquid metals (HLM) lead and lead-bismuth are considered as coolant and spallation material in accelerator driven systems (ADS) for nuclear waste transmutation. To investigate the viability of HLM cooled reactor systems the Karlsruhe Lead Laboratory (KALLA) was erected at the Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies (IKET) where three HLM loops are in operation to develop handling technology and to conduct thermohydraulic experiments. This paper outlines the requirements and describes the implementation of the software system designed to monitor and control these liquid metal loops. Developed in Lab VIEW, the modular distributed system integrates a heterogeneous hardware environment by means of standard communication protocols and provides data management based on ODBC connected databases. Thus, it is highly configurable and will be adapted for further experiments at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, e.g. the spectrometer control of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino mass experiment (KATRIN).
Sources of variability in the response of coupled spins to the PRESS sequence and their potential impact on metabolite quantification (1999)

Using a numerical method of solving the equation of motion of the density matrix, an evaluation is presented of the sources of the marked variability in the response to the point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) pulse sequence of coupled proton spin systems. The consequences of an inappropriate 180 degrees pulse design and of the limitations on radiofrequency power are demonstrated for a weakly coupled example, lactate. The dominating role of strong coupling, which is present in most brain metabolites, is demonstrated for glutamate, in which 160 terms in the density operator were tracked to monitor the gross changes in lineshape and signal intensity as a function of the two echo times. The predictions of the numerical solutions were confirmed by experiments on phantoms of aqueous metabolite solutions.
Wet type plasma reactor for incinerator (2002)

The wet type plasma reactor is a new facility developed to control the emission of dioxin. Flue gases from coal-fired power plants, waste incinerator etc. contain harmful pollutants such as dioxin, NO/sub x/, SO/sub 2/ and particle matter. Many processes have been developed for the removal of such pollutants from the flue gas before release to the atmosphere. For example, a coal-fired power station utilizes selective catalytic reduction process for NO/sub x/ removal, wet or dry scrubber for SO/sub 2/ removal and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) or bag filter for the removal of particle matter. These methods have good performance but are capital intensive. An effective treatment process has been of interest especially for small-scale power generation such as co-generation system and waste incinerator system. The authors studied the gas cleaning process utilizing the DC corona discharge or pulsed discharge with a water film. We found that the wet type nonthermal plasma reactor is more effective for the gas cleaning than the dry type reactor. Dioxin removal efficiency more than 90% was obtained in this system.
High Temperature SiC Embedded Chip Module (ECM) with Double-sided Metallization Structure (2005)

The work reported in this dissertation is intended to propose, analyze and demonstrate a technology for a high temperature integrated power electronics module, for high temperature (e.g those over 200 o C) applications involving high density and low stress. To achieve this goal, this study has examined some existing packaging approaches, such as wire-bond interconnects and solder die-attach, flip-chip and pressure contacts. Based on the survey, a high temperature, multilayer 3-D packaging technology in the form of an Embedded Chip Module (ECM) is proposed to realize a lower stress distribution in a mechanically balanced structure with double-sided metallization layers and material CTE match in the structure. Thermal and thermo-mechanical analysis on an ECM is then used to demonstrate the benefits on the cooling system, and to study the material and structure for reducing the thermally induced mechanical stress. In the thermal analysis, the high temperature ECM shows the ability to handle a power density up to 284 W/in 3 with a heat spreader only 2.1x2.1x0.2cm under forced convection. The study proves that the cooling system can be
A Multibeam End-Fire Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Applications (2016)

A novel substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)-fed end-fire magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna is proposed. The antenna consisting of an open-ended SIW and a pair of electric dipoles has a simple structure that can be integrated into substrates conveniently. Both the open-ended SIW and the electric dipoles are effectively radiated together. Excellent performance, including a bandwidth of 44%, symmetrical radiation patterns that are almost identical in two orthogonal planes, low backward radiation, low cross polarizations, stable gain of around 5 dBi, and wide beamwidth of around 110°, are also obtained. An 8×8 SIW Butler matrix is then designed. Modifications to the geometry of the matrix provide more spacing to locate SIW phase shifters and phase compensation structures with wide bandwidth. By employing the proposed end-fire ME-dipole antenna array and the 8×8 Butler matrix, an eight-beam antenna array is realized. The fabricated prototype demonstrates that wide bandwidth, stable radiation patterns with cross polarizations of less than -28 dB and gain varying from 9 to 12 dBi can be obtained. The proposed multibeam end-fire ME-dipole antenna array would be an attractive candidate for millimeter-wave wireless applications due to its good performance, ease of integration, and low fabrication cost.
Handling, Processing, Utilization and Marketing System of Milk and Milk Products in Huet Eju Enesie District, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia (2018)

The study was conducted to assess milk and milk products handling, processing, utilization and marketing systems in Hulet Eju Enesie district, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. For the study, 247 respondents were selected through systematic random sampling and data were collected using semi structured questionnaire, FGD, key informant interview and field observation. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi square test, analysis of variance by SPSS version 20 Software. Hand milking was the sole milking method in the study area and washing hand before milking was practiced by 93.5% of respondents. All of the interviewed respondents practiced smoking of milk handling equipment mainly to improve the taste and flavor of milk and milk products reported by 76.1% of respondents. Majority of respondents (86.6%) used gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) for milking but most of the respondents (95.7%) in Motta town and few respondents (9.3%) in mid altitude were used plastic material. All of the interviewed respondents were processed raw milk into various milk products. The average amount of milk produced per day per HH was 2.6±0.14 liters and significantly varied (P<0.05) among the study areas with the highest amount of milk produced (5.6±0.94 liters) in Motta town. Only 13.4% of respondents were participated in milk marketing but 86.2% of respondents sold butter. In general, the handling, and processing practice of milk and milk products was in a traditional system and milk and milk products marketing is very limited. Therefore awareness creation for the farmer to improve the handling practice of dairy products and motivation of the farmers to increase their participation in milk marketing is essential. Keywords : Altitude, Cow milk, Handling, Marketing, Processing, Utilization
REVIEWS (1951)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access The Yale Edition of Horace Walpole's Correspondence. Vols. x3–14. Correspondence with Thomas Gray, Richard West, and Thomas Ashton. Edited by W. S. LEWIS, GEORGE L. LAM, and CHARLES H. BENNETT. Pp. Iviii+250; viii+315. New Haven: Yale University Press; London: Geoffrey Cumberlege, 1948. £4. 14s. 6d. net. D. M. Low D. M. Low Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume II, Issue 5, 1951, Pages 86–87, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/II.5.86 Published: 01 January 1951
Nonlinear dynamic load models with recovery for voltage stability studies (1993)

Motivated by projects in Sweden on voltage stability analysis and associated load modeling, a simple dynamic load model is proposed which captures the usual nonlinear steady-state behavior plus load recovery and overshoot. The parameters of the model can be related to physical devices depending on the time zone following a disturbance. A simple but important dynamic voltage stability analysis is developed based on the model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Original Article : Prediction of compensated Liver cirrhosis by ultrasonography and routine blood tests in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (2010)

Background/Aims: Liver biopsy is a standard method for diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis. Because liver biopsy is an invasive method, non-invasive methods have been used for diagnosis of compensated liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis. The current study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography and routine blood tests for diagnosis of compensated liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Methods: Two hundred three patients with chronic viral hepatitis who underwent liver biopsy were included in this study and ultrasonography and routine blood tests were analyzed retrospectively. Ultrasonographic findings, including surface nodularity, parenchyma echogenecity, and spleen size, were evaluated. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and routine blood tests were examined. Results: Discriminant analysis with forward stepwise selection of variables showed that liver surface nodularity, platelet count, and albumin level were independently associated with compensated liver cirrhosis (p 95% specificity: platelet count 1.3; and surface nodularity. If at least one of the four variables exists in a patient with chronic viral hepatitis, we can predict liver cirrhosis with 90% specificity and 61% sensitivity. Conclusions: These results suggest that four variables (platelet count 1.3, and surface nodularity) can be used for identification of liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis with high specificity. (Korean J Hepatol 2010;16:369-375)
Dimerization of A82846B, Vancomycin and Ristocetin: Influence on Antibiotic Complexation with Cell Wall Model Peptides. (1996)

The thermodynamics of glycopeptide antibiotic dimerization have been studied by means of sedimentation equilibrium, using A82846B, vancomycin, ristocetin and complexes formed with several cell wall model peptides. These results indicate that vancomycin dimerization can be strongly promoted in two ways: i) stabilization of the antibiotic conformation in which the carbonyl group of residue three is on the back face of the molecule and ii) preferential interaction of the dimer with the lysine residue of N,N'-diacetyl-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine. This effect was not found in ristocetin. A82846B forms stable dimers at very low antibiotic concentration. Two conformational forms have been found for complexed A82846B by 1H NMR. However, calorimetric binding experiments have shown that all its binding sites are thermodynamically equivalent. The affinity of the A82846B dimer for the tripeptide has been estimated to be about 3kJ x mol-1 higher than that of the vancomycin monomer and about -2.6kJ x mol-1 lower than that of dimeric vancomycin. The possible role of dimerization in the biological activity of glycopeptide antibiotics is discussed further on the basis of present thermodynamic data.
Drug interactions of the newer oral antifungal agents (1999)

The newer oral antifungal agents, such as fluconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine, are generally both effective and well tolerated in the management of widespread or resistant dermatomycoses such as onychomycosis. However, these agents differ markedly in their potential to cause clinically significant drug interactions. Triazoles such as fluconazole and itraconazole have been responsible for a greater number of clinically significant drug interactions than terbinafine. For example, itraconazole, and to a lesser extent fluconazole (in high doses) are inhibitors of CYP3A4. Therefore certain agents that are substrates of this enzyme, such as some of the new generation of H1-antihistamines, several HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and certain benzodiazepines, are contraindicated. Other drugs like cyclosporine and quinidine need careful monitoring if administered concurrently with these triazoles. In contrast, there are no drug-drug contraindications with terbinafine. Indeed, in a postmarketing surveillance study, in which 42.8% of the 25,884 participating patients were taking a variety of concomitant therapies, no new drug-drug interactions were revealed. Physicians should be aware of the potential for interaction of the medications that they prescribe, in order to prevent or reduce the burden of adverse events. Terbinafine may be the most rational choice of oral antifungal agent in patients receiving concomitant medications that may adversely affect or be affected by either fluconazole or itraconazole.
Amino acid sequence of cinnamomin, a new member of the elicitin family, and its comparison to cryptogein and capsicein (1989)

The phytopathogenic fungi Phytophthora cinnamomi cause systemic leaf necrosis on its non-host tobacco; in culture, it secretes a protein, called cinnamomin, which elicits leaf necrosis and protects tobacco against the pathogen Phytophthora nicotianoe, in a way similar to cryptogein and different from capsicein, elicitins of known amino acid sequences. The cinnamomin sequence has been determined and compared to other elicitins. The differences in the 3 elicitin sequences were correlated to the biological activities: 2 lysines were ascribed as the key amino acids involved in the differential control of protection with respect to necrosis.
Managing Product Returns: The Role of Forecasting (2003)

In this article, we discuss ways of actively influencing product returns and we review data-driven methods for forecasting return flows that exploit the fact that future returns are a function of past sales. In particular we assess the value of return forecasting at an operational level, specifically inventory control. We conclude with implications for supply chain management.
14-3-3ε Mediates the Cell Fate Decision-Making Pathways in Response of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Bleomycin-Induced DNA Damage (2013)

Our data demonstrated on a systems view that 14-3-3ε coordinates multiple biological pathways involved in BLM-induced DDR in HCC cells. Specifically, 14-3-3ε associates with TAK1 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner to determine the cell fate of BLM-treated HCC cells. Not only individual proteins but also those critical links in the network could be the potential targets for BLM-mediated therapeutic intervention of HCC.
Representative objects: concise representations of semistructured, hierarchical data (2002)

Introduces the concept of representative objects, which uncover the inherent schema(s) in semi-structured, hierarchical data sources and provide a concise description of the structure of the data. Semi-structured data, unlike data stored in typical relational or object-oriented databases, does not have a fixed schema that is known in advance and stored separately from the data. With the rapid growth of the World Wide Web, semi-structured hierarchical data sources are becoming widely available to the casual user. The lack of external schema information currently makes browsing and querying these data sources inefficient at best, and impossible at worst. We show how representative objects make schema discovery efficient and facilitate the generation of meaningful queries over the data.
Identification of transfer functions with time delay and its application to cable fault location (1990)

A Gaussian frequency-domain maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) to estimate the transfer function of linear continuous-time systems with time delay is presented. The stochastic framework is an errors-in-variables model, which means that the input as well as the output of the system is disturbed with noise. The estimator is applied to a practical measurement problem, namely the estimation of the location of discontinuities, e.g. faults in electrical cables from a reflectogram. Experimental results for coaxial lines show that it is possible to identify simultaneously the location of the discontinuity and a rational approximation of the generator mismatch, the fault impedance, and some of the cable parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Monoamine precursors in the treatment of depression (1971)

The current biological theories of depression are united in postulating a role for brain monoamine deficiency in this group of disorders. The relative importance of the various amines, dopamine (DA), norepinephrine ( NE ), serotonin (5–HT ) and tryptamine, is still unsettled, and several versions of the monoamine deficit theory of depression have been put forward with emphasis on one or other of these compounds. 5 , 56 , 94 , 128
Current status of direct pulp-capping materials for permanent teeth (2016)

Direct pulp-capping is a method for treating exposed vital pulp with dental material to facilitate the formation of reparative dentin and to maintain vital pulp. Two types of pulp-capping materials, calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate, have been most commonly used in clinics, and an adhesive resin has been considered a promising capping material. However, until now, there has been no comprehensive review of these materials. Therefore, in this paper, the composition, working mechanisms and clinical outcome of these types of pulp-capping materials are reviewed.
Coreference Resolution in a Modular, Entity-Centered Model (2010)

Coreference resolution is governed by syntactic, semantic, and discourse constraints. We present a generative, model-based approach in which each of these factors is modularly encapsulated and learned in a primarily unsupervised manner. Our semantic representation first hypothesizes an underlying set of latent entity types, which generate specific entities that in turn render individual mentions. By entity types, our model is able to substantially reduce semantic compatibility errors, resulting in the best results to date on the complete end-to-end coreference task. 1
Effect of inhaled endotoxin on bronchial reactivity in asthmatic and normal subjects (1989)

Endotoxins are released from the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria present in the environment and in oral and nasal cavities. They are proinflammatory substances that could participate in bronchial obstruction and hyperreactivity in asthmatic patients. This hypothesis was tested by using bronchial challenge tests with inhaled lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Escherichia coli 026:B6 (22.2-micrograms total dose) followed by a histamine nonspecific challenge test and compared with a placebo procedure, in which the diluent was substituted for the LPS solution. In doing so we showed that LPS induces a slight but significant (P less than 0.01) bronchial obstruction (measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 s) in asthmatics (n = 8) but not in normal subjects (n = 6). The histamine hyperresponsiveness, expressed as the dosage of histamine necessary to decrease the bronchial specific conductance by 50%, was increased 5 h after LPS inhalation in asthmatics (P less than 0.05) but not in normal subjects. This effect of LPS on bronchial obstruction and hyperresponsiveness was observed in extrinsic (n = 6) as well as in intrinsic (n = 2) asthma.
Disorders of cerebrospinal fluid circulation and edema. (1992)

An assessment of contemporary techniques for the diagnosis and management of hydrocephalus and brain edema are reviewed. Further refinements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques may aid in the selection of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) who respond to shunting.
Complement Fixation with Brunhilde and Lansing Poliomyelitis Viruses Propagated in Tissue Culture. (1952)

Antigens which gave specific complement fixation were concentrated from the supernatant fluids of tissue cultures infected with poliomyelitis viruses (Lansing and Brunhilde strains) by a method of ultrafiltration. Their anticomplementary activity was abolished by heating. The drop method of Fulton and Dumbell was used and offered a practical way of performing the tests with minimal amounts of antigen. Specific antibodies were demonstrated in the sera of hyperimmunized monkeys as well as in sera of poliomyelitis patients.