gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Oscillogyro (1967)

Part I of this paper describes, in a non-mathematical way, a new type of gyroscope suitable for stabilizing an inertial navigation platform. The instrument is shown to belong to a general family of free rotor gyroscopes and the advantages of this configuration are discussed. The construction of a practical instrument is briefly described. Part II of this paper contains a brief analysis of the oscillogyro. Its general equation of motion is derived and from it particular solutions are obtained which describe the response to steady rates of turn and to certain applied torques. It is shown that the instrument can be used to measure either the rate of turn or the total angular displacement, depending on the tuning and damping conditions. In either mode of operation the oscillogyro responds to angular inputs about any axis in a plane perpendicular to its drive-axis and may thus be classed as a two-axis instrument. The response to control torques may take a variety of forms, depending on the nature of the torque as well as on the damping and tuning conditions. It is shown that the motion can be deduced from the known results for angular inputs if the torque is harmonic and is applied about the spring-axis of the oscillobar.
FOXM1 Confers Acquired Cisplatin Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells (2010)

The transcription factor Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a key regulator of cell proliferation and is overexpressed in many forms of primary cancers, leading to uncontrolled cell division and genomic instability. To address the role of FOXM1 in chemoresistance, we generated a cisplatin-resistant breast cancer cell line (MCF-7-CIS(R)), which had an elevated level of FOXM1 protein and mRNA expression relative to the parental MCF-7 cells. A close correlation was observed between FOXM1 and the expression of its proposed downstream targets that are involved in DNA repair; breast cancer-associated gene 2 (BRCA2) and X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) were expressed at higher levels in the resistant cell lines compared with the sensitive MCF-7 cells. Moreover, cisplatin treatment induced DNA damage repair in MCF-7-CIS(R) and not in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the expression of a constitutively active FOXM1 (DeltaN-FOXM1) in MCF-7 cells alone was sufficient to confer cisplatin resistance. Crucially, the impairment of DNA damage repair pathways through the small interfering RNA knockdown inhibition of either FOXM1 or BRCA2/XRCC1 showed that only the silencing of FOXM1 could significantly reduce the rate of proliferation in response to cisplatin treatment in the resistant cells. This suggests that the targeting of FOXM1 is a viable strategy in circumventing acquired cisplatin resistance. Consistently, the FOXM1 inhibitor thiostrepton also showed efficacy in causing cell death and proliferative arrest in the cisplatin-resistant cells through the downregulation of FOXM1 expression. Taken together, we have identified a novel mechanism of acquired cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells through the induction of FOXM1.
Strength evaluation of prosthetic check sockets, copolymer sockets, and definitive laminated sockets (2012)

A prosthesis encounters loading through forces and torques exerted by the person with amputation. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 10328 was designed to test most lower-limb prosthetic components. However, this standard does not include prosthetic sockets. We measured static failure loads of prosthetic sockets using a modified ISO 10328 and then compared them with the criteria set by this standard for other components. Check socket (CS) strengths were influenced by thickness, material choice, and fabrication method. Copolymer socket (CP) strengths depended on thickness and fabrication methods. A majority of the CSs and all of the CPs failed to pass the ISO 10328 ductile loading criterion. In contrast, the strengths of definitive laminated sockets (DLs) were influenced more by construction material and technique. A majority of the DLs failed to pass the ISO 10328 brittle loading criterion. Analyzing prosthetic sockets from a variety of facilities demonstrated that socket performance varies considerably between and within facilities. The results from this article provide a foundation for understanding the quality of prosthetic sockets, some insight into possible routes for improving the current care delivered to patients, and a comparative basis for future technology.
Accuracy, Utility, and Cost of Frozen Section Margins in Head and Neck Cancer Surgery (2000)

Intraoperative frozen section margins are accurate, but they are costly and cannot reliably eradicate positive final margins. Patients with early-stage lesions and those undergoing re-resection for recurrence or salvage surgery after radiation failure derived the greatest potential benefit from frozen section margins.
Normal Hematopoiesis and Inflammatory Responses Despite Discrete Signaling Defects in Gα15 Knockout Mice (2000)

Gα15 activates phospholipase Cβ in response to the greatest variety of agonist-stimulated heptahelical receptors among the four Gq class G-protein α subunits expressed in mammals. Gα15 is primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells in fetal and adult mice. We disrupted the Gα15 gene by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells to identify its biological functions. Surprisingly, hematopoiesis was normal in Gα15−/− mice, Gα15−/−Gαq−/− double-knockout mice (which express only Gα11 in most hematopoietic cells), and Gα11−/− mice, suggesting functional redundancy in Gq class signaling. Inflammatory challenges, including thioglycolate-induced peritonitis and infection with Trichinella spiralis, stimulated similar responses in Gα15−/− adults and wild-type siblings. Agonist-stimulated Ca2+ release from intracellular stores was assayed to identify signaling defects in primary cultures of thioglycolate-elicited macrophages isolated from Gα15−/− mice. C5a-stimulated phosphoinositide accumulation and Ca2+ release was significantly reduced in Gα15−/− macrophages. Ca2+ signaling was abolished only in mutant cells pretreated with pertussis toxin, suggesting that the C5a receptor couples to both Gα15 and Gαi in vivo. Signaling evoked by other receptors coupled by Gq class α subunits appeared normal in Gα15−/− macrophages. Despite discrete signaling defects, compensation by coexpressed Gq and/or Gi class α subunits may suppress abnormalities in Gα15-deficient mice.
Derivas de la representación de lo cotidiano. La desaparición del momento decisivo. Tiempo online (2004)

El presente ensayo pretende explicar la deriva del tradicional album familiar hacia la nocion moderna y digital del Blog, que pone en tela de juicio su permanencia en la historia futura de lo social. Las imagenes domesticas han pasado de ser un ejercicio de memoria, a un ejercicio certero de catalogacion, encadenado por fechas, lugares y caracteristicas tecnicas. Hemos pasado de la caja de zapatos al archivo informatizado. Los mecanismos digitales de captura, ya sean moviles o camaras de fotos y sus canales publicos de exhibicion y distribucion, se han convertido en los nuevos panopticos de lo cotidiano; camaras de vigilancia manipuladas por gente corriente.
A requirement for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) function in the activation of AP-1 by Ha-Ras, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and serum. (1994)

The role of ERK-1 and ERK-2 in wild-type (wt) Ha-Ras, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and serum-induced AP-1 activity was studied. Microinjection of ERK-specific substrate peptides inhibited the induction of AP-1 activity by all three stimuli, whereas a control peptide had no effect. By using eukaryotic expression constructs encoding wt ERK-1 and kinase-deficient mutants of ERKs 1 and 2, it was found that ERK-1 and ERK-2 activities are required for AP-1 activation stimulated by either wt Ha-Ras, PMA, or serum. Overexpression of ERK-1 augmented wt Ha-Ras stimulation of AP-1, while having no effect upon PMA or serum stimulation. Overexpression of either kinase-deficient ERK-1 or kinase-deficient ERK-2 partially inhibited AP-1 activation by wt Ha-Ras but had no effect on PMA or serum-induced activation. Coexpression of both interfering mutants abolished AP-1 induction by wt Ha-Ras, PMA, or serum. We conclude that ERKs are necessary components in the pathway leading to the activation of AP-1 stimulated by these agents.
PET Tumor Metabolism in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Value of Static versus Kinetic Measures of Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake (2011)

Kinetic measures of FDG PET for LABC patients treated with NC accurately measured treatment response and predicted outcome compared with static SUV measures, suggesting that kinetic analysis may hold advantage of static uptake measures for response assessment.
Optimal muting and load balancing for eICIC (2013)

In heterogeneous networks, a macro cell can cause excessive interference to users in co-channel pico cells. In Release 10 of 3GPP's LTE system, enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) has been introduced to reduce the interference experienced by pico users by having the macro mute some of its subframes. This is a tradeoff, because the benefit to pico users comes at the cost of the macro sacrificing a portion of its resources. This tradeoff is also influenced by the determination of which users are offloaded from the macro to the pico. We formulate the joint optimization of the proportion of muted sub-frames and the assignment of users to macro and pico cells as a network-wide utility maximization problem, and obtain an analytical characterization of the optimal solution. We propose an iterative algorithm that successively improves the assignment of users to cells and the muting proportion, and prove its convergence to the optimal solution.
Amphiphysin II (SH3P9; BIN1), a Member of the Amphiphysin/Rvs Family, Is Concentrated in the Cortical Cytomatrix of Axon Initial Segments and Nodes of Ranvier in Brain and around T Tubules in Skeletal Muscle (1997)

Amphiphysin (amphiphysin I), a dominant autoantigen in paraneoplastic Stiff-man syndrome, is a neuronal protein highly concentrated in nerve terminals, where it has a putative role in endocytosis. The yeast homologue of amphiphysin, Rvs167, has pleiotropic functions, including a role in endocytosis and in actin dynamics, suggesting that amphiphysin may also be implicated in the function of the presynaptic actin cytoskeleton. We report here the characterization of a second mammalian amphiphysin gene, amphiphysin II (SH3P9; BIN1), which encodes products primarily expressed in skeletal muscle and brain, as differentially spliced isoforms. In skeletal muscle, amphiphysin II is concentrated around T tubules, while in brain it is concentrated in the cytomatrix beneath the plasmamembrane of axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier. In both these locations, amphiphysin II is colocalized with splice variants of ankyrin3 (ankyrinG), a component of the actin cytomatrix. In the same regions, the presence of clathrin has been reported. These findings support the hypothesis that, even in mammalian cells, amphiphysin/Rvs family members have a role both in endocytosis and in actin function and suggest that distinct amphiphysin isoforms contribute to define distinct domains of the cortical cytoplasm. Since amphiphysin II (BIN1) was reported to interact with Myc, it may also be implicated in a signaling pathway linking the cortical cytoplasm to nuclear function.
Slopes of the Southern California Continental Borderland: A Regime of Mass Transport (1980)

The slopes of the California borderland are an important pathway for sediment transported from the mainland shelf, bank tops, and island platforms to the adjacen t basin floor. Sedimentologic conditions on the slope are governed by a complex interplay of depositional and mass-movement processes. Driving forces for mass movement are predominantly external to the sediment mass and include oceanographic, biologic, and tectonic factors. Sedimentologic and geotechnical properties of sediment, as well as certain environmental parameters such as declivity, may counter or enhance the driving forces by their effect on stability. Declivity, an environmental property commonly held to be a major factor controlling failure, is less important than either proximity to active sediment sources or the influence of external driving forces.
New Developments in the Field of Photochemical Syntheses (1989)

This survey highlights part of the rapidly increasing number of preparatively valuable photochemical methods for natural products synthesis. Applications based on [2 + 2] cycloadditions - C-C bond and oxetane formation, olefin-to-arene meta-cycloadditions, and oxadi-π-methane rearrangements - are discussed with regard to efficiency, generality, and selectivity. The majority of these light-induced transformations proceed at high levels of chemo- and stereocontrol upon proper choice of the wavelength of excitation. This particularly important but frequently neglected parameter can be satisfactorily tuned in preparative runs in most cases. Furthermore, attention is paid to asymmetric induction and the preparation of enantiomerically pure products. 1 . Introduction 2. [2+2] Cycloadditions 2.1. [2+2] Cycloadditions of Alkenes, Allenes, and Alkynes to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Forming C-C Bonds 2.1.1. Regioselectivity 2.1.2. Stereoselectivity 2.1.3. Asymmetric Induction 2.1.4. Applications 2.2. Oxetane Formation via [2+2] Cycloaddition: The Paternó-Büchi Reaction 2.2.1. Regio- and Stereoselectivity 2.2.2. Asymmetric Induction 2.2.3. Applications 2.3. [2+2] Cycloadditions of 1,3-Dienes to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones and Related Chromophores Forming C-C Bonds 3. Olefin-to-Arene meta-Cycloaddition 4. Oxadi-π-methane Rearrangement 4.1. General Aspects. The Basic Reactive Substrates 4.2. Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure Products 4.3. Applications 5. Further Topics of Current Interest in the Field of or Related to Photochemical Syntheses
Cloning and characterization of chi-1: a developmentally regulated member of a novel class of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family (1995)

Ionotropic glutamate receptors are composed of homomeric or heteromeric configurations of glutamate receptor subunits. We have cloned a member of a novel class of the rat ionotropic glutamate receptor family, termed chi-1. This subunit exhibits an average identity of 27% to NMDA subunits and 23% to non-NMDA subunits. Regional transcript levels of chi-1 are elevated just prior to and during the first postnatal week, with the highest levels present in the spinal cord, brainstem, hypothalamus, thalamus, CA1 field of the hippocampus, and amygdala. The spatial distribution of chi-1 expression is similar from postnatal day 1 (P1) to adulthood. However, transcript levels decline sharply between P7 and P14 and remain attenuated into adulthood. Functional expression studies in Xenopus oocytes injected with in vitro transcribed chi-1 RNA did not demonstrate agonist-activated currents. Pairwise expression of chi-1 with members of the AMPA, KA, or delta class of glutamate recepto subunits either failed to generate agonist-activated currents or failed to alter the underlying current generated by the coexpressed subunit. However, coexpression of chi-1 with subunits forming otherwise functional NMDA receptors resulted in an inhibition of current responses. Since chi-1 did not alter the currents generated by non-NMDA subunits, this suggests that chi-1 may specifically interact with NMDA receptor subunits. Further characterization will be required to establish the precise role of this glutamate receptor subunit in neuronal signaling.
Differential regulation of a glial fibrillary acidic protein-LacZ transgene in retinal astrocytes and Müller cells. (1995)

The observations suggest that cis elements responsible for GFAP expression in retinal astrocytes are present in 5' flanking region of the GFAP gene, whereas the regulatory elements involved in GFAP induction in Müller cells are located elsewhere.
A study on grinding and energy input in stirred media mills (1996)

Grinding and energy input in stirred media mills are studied as functions of grinding time, stirring speed, media size and density, solid concentration, impeller and tank dimensions and design, and other relevant variables. Ground product size and surface area are determined with respect to the above variables. Changes in energy input and media/pulp rheological properties during grinding are described. The best conditions for grinding limestone in the laboratory stirred media mills have been identified. Equations for correlations involving power and modified Reynolds numbers have been established.
Microfluidic Packaging of Suspended Microchannel Resonators for Biomolecular Detection (2005)

Microfabricated transducers enable the label-free detection of biomolecules in nanoliter size samples. We have recently developed a new resonant micromechanical mass sensor that is exceptionally well suited for the detection of biomolecular interactions in a microfluidic framework. Our approach completely eliminates viscous damping by confining the fluid to the inside of a hollow resonator of less than 0.1 nL volume. However, previously we had not been able to integrate all device components and the connecting fluidics in a single package. In this paper, we present for the first time a complete chip-level package that enables efficient fluid delivery and, at the same time, provides integrated electrical contacts to actuate the resonator electrostatically. Combining these components required the development of a new packaging process: thin gaskets of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are micromolded and then bonded in selected areas to a metallized and patterned carrier substrate. While the process flow was specifically developed for the resonant sensor described below, the result is a general technique that can greatly simplify the packaging of many other biomedical devices using microfluidics.
Functional electron paramagnetic resonance imaging of ischemic rat heart: Monitoring of tissue oxygenation and pH (2015)

This study demonstrates the capability of low-field EPR and the nitroxide spin probes for mapping of myocardial oxygenation and pH. The developed approaches might be used for noninvasive investigation of microenvironment on living objects. Magn Reson Med 76:350-358, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HdmX overexpression inhibits oncogene induced cellular senescence (2010)

Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of terminal growth arrest that requires functional p53. Acting to block tumor formation, induction of senescence has also been demonstrated to contribute to tumor clearance via the immune system following p53 reactivation. The Hdm2-antagonist, Nutlin-3a, has been shown to reactivate p53 and induce a quiescent state in various cancer cell lines, similar to the G(1) arrest observed upon RNAi targeting of Hdm2 in MCF7 breast cancer. In the present study we show that HdmX, a negative regulator of p53, impacts the senescence pathway. Specifically, overexpression of HdmX blocks Ras mediated senescence in primary human fibroblasts. The interaction of HdmX with p53 and the re-localization of HdmX to the nucleus through Hdm2 association appear to be required for this activity. Furthermore, inhibiting HdmX in prostate adenocarcinoma cells expressing wild-type p53, mutant Ras and high levels of HdmX induced cellular senescence as measured by an increase in irreversible b-galactosidase staining. Together these results suggest that HdmX overexpression may contribute to tumor formation by blocking senescence and that targeting HdmX may represent an attractive anti-cancer therapeutic approach.
Considerations for Dependability of the Motor Protection on Current Transformers Performance in VFD Applications (2017)

When generators or motors are started via variable frequency drive (VFD), initial frequency is very low, on the order of few hertz, and can be low for a considerable amount of time or even permanently. It is not well recognized in the industry about the consequences of low frequency on current transformers (CTs) performance and how this affects the protection performance as well. First, CTs are designed to operate at the nominal system frequency; however, when operating at low frequency, CTs could saturate at much lower currents; this can happen even at CT nominal current. Second, there are limits of the system frequency measurements in the protective relays, which will impact the correct current magnitude estimation, and therefore, the accuracy of the protection. And finally, protective relays need full power-cycle to measure current; power-cycle will be considerably longer at lower frequency, therefore affecting fault clearance time. This paper will educate engineers on how to consider CTs and protective relay's performance at lower frequencies to ensure adequate protection. It will also explore other solutions to address impact of low frequency on the CTs and protection.
Advantages of vapor-plated phosphosilicate films in large-scale integrated circuit arrays (1970)

The use of low temperature phosphosilicate glass (PSG) films which are compatible with aluminum-metallized integrated circuits, has been found to possess significant merits in LSI applications. PSG used on integrated circuits fabricated in production has resulted in improvements in fabrication yields and device performance and reliability. The properties and effects of PSG which contribute to these benefits have been determined and studied. They include hardness, ability to getter alkali ions, effect on immobile charge density, ability to quench fast states, low stress, resistance to cracking, low pinhole density, and effect on electromigration. The deposition system used to deposit the PSG films and the phosphorus content of the films are also discussed.
Design and implementation of a high‐performance CCA event service (2009)

Abstract Event services based on publish–subscribe architectures are well‐established components of distributed computing applications. Recently, an event service has been proposed as part of the common component architecture (CCA) for high‐performance computing (HPC) applications. In this paper we describe our implementation, experimental evaluation, and initial experience with a high‐performance CCA event service that exploits efficient communications mechanisms commonly used on HPC platforms. We describe the CCA event service model and briefly discuss the possible implementation strategies of the model. We then present the design and implementation of the event service using the aggregate remote memory copy interface as an underlying communication layer for this mechanism. Two alternative implementations are presented and evaluated on a Cray XD‐1 platform. The performance results demonstrate that event delivery latencies are low and that the event service is able to achieve high‐throughput levels. Finally, we describe the use of the event service in an application for high‐speed processing of data from a mass spectrometer and conclude by discussing some possible extensions to the event service for other HPC applications. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.