gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Low Power Consumption Backlight Unit for CCFL LCD TV (2011)

Some factors of CCFL LCD TV were discussed in this paper,such as mixing height,reflective film edges,the lamp quantity and distance between the lamp,the distance of lamp away from the reflective film,and the type of diffusion plate which affect optical efficiency and optical effect of LCD TV.Based on the 119.4 cm(47 in) CCFL LCD TV,a set of optimal mechanical optical parameters was simulated using Optisworks Plugin of Solidworks,and the samples had been fabricated according to these parameters,the corresponding parameters of the samples had been tested.
Errors in Laboratory Medicine (2002)

The large heterogeneity of literature on laboratory errors together with the prevalence of evidence that most errors occur in the preanalytical phase suggest the implementation of a more rigorous methodology for error detection and classification and the adoption of proper technologies for error reduction. Clinical audits should be used as a tool to detect errors caused by organizational problems outside the laboratory.
TNF Recruits TRADD to the Plasma Membrane But Not the <i>trans</i> -Golgi Network, the Principal Subcellular Location of TNF-R1 (1999)

The subcellular localization of TNF-R1 to the Golgi apparatus, initially observed in endothelial cells, has been confirmed using transfection of bovine aortic endothelial cells with a human TNF-R1 expression plasmid. The subcellular interactions of TNF-R1 and the TRADD (TNFR-associated death domain protein) adaptor protein have been analyzed in the human monocyte cell line U937 and the human endothelial cell line ECV304 by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and by Western blot analysis of fractionated cell extracts. In untreated cells, in which TNF-R1 is found on the cell surface but principally localizes to the trans-Golgi network, TRADD is concentrated in the cis- or medial-Golgi region, but separates from the Golgi during cell fractionation. Coimmunoprecipitation studies have shown that TRADD binds to TNF-R1 within 1 min of TNF treatment in a cell fraction-containing plasma membrane. This association is followed by a gradual dissociation, which is prevented if receptor-mediated endocytosis is inhibited by hypertonic medium. In contrast, no association is detected between TRADD and TNF-R1 in the Golgi in response to exogenous TNF at any time examined. These results suggest that although TNF-R1 is predominantly a Golgi-associated protein and TRADD also localizes to the Golgi region, exogenous TNF causes TRADD to bind to TNF-R1 only at the plasma membrane.
The Tannins of Oak Heartwood: Structure, Properties, and Their Influence on Wine Flavor (1999)

Barrels used for the aging of wines and spirits are constructed from oak heartwood. Heartwood tannins (soluble polyphenols) are the most abundant of the constituents of oak wood that are potentially extracted into the wine during aging. The structure and properties of these compounds are reviewed, as are methods of analysis. Studies of the natural variation in the concentration of heartwood tannins are summarized and show that levels are highly variable within and between individual trees and especially between wood provenance and species. Despite the abundance of heartwood tannins and their solubility in the wines, the concentration in oak-aged wines is generally lower then expected and their influence on wine flavor remains uncertain. Different studies and hypotheses concerning the influence of oak tannins during wine aging are reviewed and conclusions drawn on our current understanding of their role.
Determination of N-Nitrosodimethylamine at Part-per-Trillion Levels in Drinking Waters and Contaminated Groundwaters (1995)

The carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) may be quantitated routinely at ultratrace (ng/L) levels in drinking water or contaminated groundwater. The aqueous sample is passed through a preconditioned Empore C18 filter disk to remove neutral nonpolar species and then extracted continuously overnight with highest purity dichloromethane. The latter is then concentrated to 1 mL, and a large aliquot (up to 200 microL) is loaded onto a dual-stage carbon sorbent trap, after which the solvent is removed with ultrapure helium. The concentrated residues are then injected onto a gas chromatographic column using a short-path thermal desorber. NDMA is selectively detected using a chemiluminescent nitrogen detector (CLND) operated in its nitrosamine-selective mode. The reporting limit for this procedure, evaluated using two independent statistically unbiased protocols, is 2 ng of NDMA/L. A related procedure, employing an automatic sampler instead of the short-path thermal desorber, provides convenient analysis of heavily contaminated samples and exhibits a reporting limit (same protocols cited previously) of 110 ng of NDMA/L. When the two methods are used together in a "two-tiered" protocol, NDMA concentrations spanning 4 orders of magnitude (ng/L to microgram/L levels) may be measured routinely. The low-level procedure employing only the short-path thermal desorber was applied successfully to three sources of drinking water, where NDMA concentrations ranged between 2 and 10 ng of NDMA/L. The two-tiered protocol was applied to a series of contaminated groundwaters whose NMDA concentrations ranged between approximately 10-7000 ng of NDMA/L. The results agreed with those obtained from an independent collaborating laboratory, which used a different analytical procedure.
<b>Inversion of Stereospecificity in Hydrolysis by α-Chymotrypsin. The Acetoxyl Substituent</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInversion of Stereospecificity in Hydrolysis by α-Chymotrypsin. The Acetoxyl SubstituentSaul G. Cohen, J. Crossley, Ezra. Khedouri, Robert. Zand, and Lucille H. KleeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 11, 1685–1691Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00894a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00894a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation of cDNA clones for genes that are expressed in the tail region of the ascidian tailbud embryo (1997)

An ascidian tailbud embryo is comprised of the anterior trunk and posterior tail. We constructed cDNA libraries of the tail region and trunk region of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. The screening of the tail library by tail single-stranded cDNA minus the trunk library RNA as a probe, yielded cDNA clones for genes that are expressed in the tail epidermis, visceral ganglion, trunk lateral cells, muscle cells, and certain regions of the tail. Among them, a cDNA clone for a gene designated HrPost-1 is described in detail. HrPost-1 encodes a novel, possible secreted protein of 238 amino acids. The expression of the gene is zygotic. HrPost-1 transcript was first evident in the posterior B-line blastomeres including muscle cells and endodermal strand cells of the gastrula-stage embryo, and the expression in these regions disappeared by the early tailbud stage. Around neurulation, the HrPost-1 transcript appeared in epidermal cells of the posterior-most region of the embryo. As development proceeded, the gene expression spread anteriorly in the epidermal cells of the neurula and tailbud embryo, and thus at the early-to-mid tailbud stage, HrPost-1 expression appeared to define the boundary between the trunk and tail epidermis. These results suggest that, in addition to tissue-specific genes, the activities of a set of region-specific genes are associated with tail formation in the ascidian embryo.
Comments on the evaluation of a certain pattern classification method as an intellectual information processing (2003)

The authors represent information as patterns and investigate pattern recognition as one of the intellectual information processing methods. The pattern classification method is applied to a simulated problem: the selection of a male image which would be popular with a woman. They comment on advantages and limitations of pattern classification with a linear discrimination function by using a method based on a Bayesian discrimination standard: Uesaka's method (1990).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spontaneous emission of atoms coupled to frequency-dependent reservoirs (1988)

We study the spontaneous emission of atoms coupled to frequency-dependent photon-mode reservoirs, and find atomic emission spectra qualitatively different from those of free space. Frequency-dependent photon-mode reservoirs are found in a variety of physical situations (e.g., in waveguides, microcavities, dielectrics, systems with photonic spectral gaps, etc.), and are shown to lead to nonexponential decay and concomitant complicated non-Lorentzian emission line shapes. By studying Autler-Townes spectra in the presence of a frequency-dependent photon-mode density, we present simple examples of dynamical modifications of spontaneous decay properties.
Isolation and characterization of three new classes of transformation-deficient mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae that are defective in DNA transport and genetic recombination (1983)

Transformation-deficient mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. Seventeen mutants developed normal peaks of competence, as tested by their ability to degrade one strand of donor DNA, but they yielded transformants for chromosomal point markers at efficiencies from less than 0.001 to 0.04 that of the wild type. Some of the mutants were defective in DNA uptake and are described as entry defective (Ent-). Others took up DNA in normal quantities, but they failed to give stable transformants and are described as recombination defective (Rec-). In two of the Rec- mutants, normal levels of transformation by plasmid DNA occurred; in the others, it was reduced as much as chromosomal transformation. Conjugative transfers of a chromosomal omega (cat tet) element and of the plasmid pIP501 occurred at normal levels both to and from Rec- mutants. Transfer of chloramphenicol resistance by transformation with omega (cat tet) donor DNA, however, was blocked in Rec- mutants to about the same extent as was transformation for point markers.
Optical Whispering-Gallery Mode Resonators for Applications in Optical Communication and Frequency Control (2013)

High quality factor (Q) optical whispering gallery mode resonators are a key component in many on-chip optical systems, such as delay lines, modulators, and add-drop filters. They are also a convenient, compact structure for studying optomechanical interactions on-chip. In all these applications, optical Q is an important factor for high performance. For optomechanical reference oscillators in particular, high mechanical Q is also necessary. Previously, optical microresonators have been made in a wide variety of materials, but it has proven challenging to demonstrate high optical Q and high mechanical Q in a single, integrated device. This work demonstrates a new technique for achieving high optical Q on chip, a fully-integrated tunable filter with ultra-narrow minimum bandwidth, and the effect of material choice and device design on optical Q, mechanical Q and phase noise in microring optomechanical oscillators.To achieve a high optical Q, phosphosilicate glass (PSG) is studied as a resonator material. The low melting point of PSG enables wafer-scale reflow, which reduces sidewall roughness without significantly changing lithographically-defined dimensions. With this process, optical Qs up to 1.5 x 10^7 are achieved, over ten times higher than typical silicon optical resonators.These high-Q PSG resonators are then integrated with MEMS-actuated waveguides in a tunable-bandwidth filter. Due to the high Q of the PSG resonator, this device has a best-to-date minimum bandwidth of 0.8 GHz, with a tuning range of 0.8 to 8.5GHz. Finally, microring optomechanical oscillators (OMOs) in PSG, stoichiometric silicon nitride, and silicon are fabricated, and their performance is compared after characterization via a tapered optical fiber in vacuum. The silicon nitride device has the best performance, with a mechanical Q of more than 1 x 10^4 and record-breaking OMO phase noise of -102 dBc/Hz at a 1 kHz offset from a 72 MHz carrier.
Discrepancy Between Time-Based and Cost-Based System Optimizations With Heterogeneous Users (2007)

For a traffic network with fixed demand of users having different values of time (VOT), the system performance can be measured either in time unit by the total system travel time (in short, system time), or in monetary unit by the total system travel cost (in short, system cost). Thus we have two criteria for network optimization, i.e. to minimize system time, or to minimize system cost. We bound the system performance gap when optimized by the two different criteria. Specifically, we provide answers to the following questions: When system time is minimized, how far could the corresponding system cost deviate from its minimum value? Reversely, when system cost is minimized, how far could the corresponding system time deviate from its minimum value? More generally, how far can the system time and system cost at a bi-criteria Pareto optimum deviate from their respective single-criterion based system optimum?
Vibration Forces Produced by Waviness of the Rolling Surfaces of Thrust Loaded Ball Bearings Part 1: Theory (1988)

Theoretical expressions are derived relating amplitude and wavelength of surface imperfections in thrust loaded ball bearings to vibration forces and frequencies produced under constant-speed operating conditions.
Error estimation of deformable image registration of pulmonary CT scans using convolutional neural networks (2018)

Error estimation in nonlinear medical image registration is a nontrivial problem that is important for validation of registration methods. We propose a supervised method for estimation of registration errors in nonlinear registration of three-dimensional (3-D) images. The method is based on a 3-D convolutional neural network that learns to estimate registration errors from a pair of image patches. By applying the network to patches centered around every voxel, we construct registration error maps. The network is trained using a set of representative images that have been synthetically transformed to construct a set of image pairs with known deformations. The method is evaluated on deformable registrations of inhale-exhale pairs of thoracic CT scans. Using ground truth target registration errors on manually annotated landmarks, we evaluate the method's ability to estimate local registration errors. Estimation of full domain error maps is evaluated using a gold standard approach. The two evaluation approaches show that we can train the network to robustly estimate registration errors in a predetermined range, with subvoxel accuracy. We achieved a root-mean-square deviation of 0.51 mm from gold standard registration errors and of 0.66 mm from ground truth landmark registration errors.
The hem of the embryonic cerebral cortex is defined by the expression of multiple <i>Wnt</i> genes and is compromised in <i>Gli3</i>-deficient mice (1998)

In the developing vertebrate CNS, members of the Wnt gene family are characteristically expressed at signaling centers that pattern adjacent parts of the neural tube. To identify candidate signaling centers in the telencephalon, we isolated Wnt gene fragments from cDNA derived from embryonic mouse telencephalon. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrate that one of the isolated Wnt genes, Wnt7a, is broadly expressed in the embryonic telencephalon. By contrast, three others, Wnt3a, 5a and a novel mouse Wnt gene, Wnt2b, are expressed only at the medial edge of the telencephalon, defining the hem of the cerebral cortex. The Wnt-rich cortical hem is a transient, neuron-containing, neuroepithelial structure that forms a boundary between the hippocampus and the telencephalic choroid plexus epithelium (CPe) throughout their embryonic development. Indicating a close developmental relationship between the cortical hem and the CPe, Wnt gene expression is upregulated in the cortical hem both before and just as the CPe begins to form, and persists until birth. In addition, although the cortical hem does not show features of differentiated CPe, such as expression of transthyretin mRNA, the CPe and cortical hem are linked by shared expression of members of the Bmp and Msx gene families. In the extra-toesJ (XtJ) mouse mutant, telencephalic CPe fails to develop. We show that Wnt gene expression is deficient at the cortical hem in XtJ/XtJ mice, but that the expression of other telencephalic developmental control genes, including Wnt7a, is maintained. The XtJ mutant carries a deletion in Gli3, a vertebrate homolog of the Drosophila gene cubitus interruptus (ci), which encodes a transcriptional regulator of the Drosophila Wnt gene, wingless. Our observations indicate that Gli3 participates in Wnt gene regulation in the vertebrate telencephalon, and suggest that the loss of telencephalic choroid plexus in XtJ mice is due to defects in the cortical hem that include Wnt gene misregulation.
Digitally controlled oscillator (DCO)-based architecture for RF frequency synthesis in a deep-submicrometer CMOS Process. (2003)

A novel digitally controlled oscillator (DCO)-based architecture for frequency synthesis in wireless RF applications is proposed and demonstrated. It deliberately avoids any use of an analog tuning voltage control line. Fine frequency resolution is achieved through high-speed /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ dithering. Other imperfections of analog circuits are compensated through digital means. The presented ideas enable the employment of fully-digital frequency synthesizers using sophisticated signal processing algorithms, realized in the most advanced deep-submicrometer digital CMOS processes which allow almost no analog extensions. They also promote cost-effective integration with the digital back-end onto a single silicon die. The demonstrator test chip has been fabricated in a digital 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS process together with a DSP, which acts as a digital baseband processor with a large number of digital gates in order to investigate noise coupling. The phase noise is -112 dBc/Hz at 500-kHz offset. The close-in spurious tones are below -62 dBc, while the far-out spurs are below -80 dBc. The presented ideas have been incorporated in a commercial Bluetooth transceiver.
Infrared characterization of water and hydroxyl ion in the basic magnesium carbonate minerals (1971)

Infrared spectra in the 0.5-50 m range have been measured on nesquehonite (MgCO 3 .3H 2 O, artinite (MgCO 3 .Mg(OH) 2 .3H 2 O) and hydromagnesite (4MgCO 3 .Mg(OH) 2 .4H 2 O). The CO 3 2- internal vibrations are sharp in hydromagnesite and unexpectedly broad and diffuse in artinite and nesquehonite. The OH - stretching region contains a sharp band indicative of a weak, well defined hydrogen bond in all three minerals. There is also a broad band characteristic of moderately strong and less well defined hydrogen bonds in all three. In addition hydromagnesite has two sharp intense bands not present in the other two minerals. The artinite spectrum is interpretable by Jagodzinski's structure and nesquehonite appears to be similar. Hydromagnesite should have a distinctly different structure. There is no evidence for bicarbonate groups in nesquehonite.
Two-optical-component method for designing zoom system (1995)

A new method is presented to solve a zoom system in which the lenses are divided into two combined units, and each combined unit is defined as an optical component. It is shown that most zoom systems can be considered as two-component systems and can be solved using principal plane techniques of optical component, and the first-order zoom system design is thus made easier. The theory with some examples are described.
Direct Comparison of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and Amino-Terminal proBNP in a Large Population of Patients with Chronic and Symptomatic Heart Failure: The Valsartan Heart Failure (Val-HeFT) Data (2006)

The natriuretic peptides BNP and NT-proBNP showed subtle differences in their relation to clinical characteristics and prognostic performance in a large population of patients with chronic and stable HF. They were the most powerful independent markers of outcome in HF.
Study on the induced curvature and strength design of the globoidal cam mechanism (2009)

In order to increase the strength and reliability of the globoidal cam mechanism, the surface equation of the globoidal cam is deduced based on the mesh theory and differential geometry. The expression of the induced curvature of the globoidal cam are derived, the calculation model of contact stress of the globoidal cam and roller is presented, and the design and check methods of static and fatigue contact stress of the globoidal cam are given. The theory can provide the strength and reliability design of the globoidal cam mechanism with precise quantitative method. Through the design example the corresponding design theory are verified.
Poisoning-Related Visits to Emergency Departments in the United States, 1993–1996 (1999)

Poisoning-related injury visits comprise a small (1%), but important component of the health care provided in emergency departments. An examination of different definitions of poisoning revealed that for emergency department data, it is most appropriate to use the poisoning E-codes from the injury data framework developed by the injury control community. Data from emergency departments are needed to monitor any changing patterns of nonfatal poisonings and to provide guidance for effective poison prevention programs.
<i>EVI1</i> expression in acute myeloid leukaemia (2001)

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with 3q26 cytogenetic abnormalities is associated with overexpression of EVI1, dysmegakaryopoiesis and poor prognosis. Screening for EVI1 transcripts was performed in 336 cases of AML, including 139 patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). Expression was detected in 7 out of 10 cases with and 23 out of 326 without 3q26 abnormalities including one APL case. Among cases lacking 3q abnormalities, detection of EVI1 transcripts was neither associated with characteristic dysmegakaryopoietic features, nor predictive of a poor outcome, indicating that screening will probably not assist in treatment stratification. This study nevertheless demonstrates that deregulation of EVI1, although rare in APL, is a relatively frequent event in AML.