gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous molecular imaging of redox reactions monitored by Overhauser-enhanced MRI with <sup>14</sup> N- and <sup>15</sup> N-labeled nitroxyl radicals (2006)

MRI has provided significant clinical utility in the diagnosis of diseases and will become a powerful tool to assess phenotypic changes in genetically engineered animals. Overhauser enhanced MRI (OMRI), which is a double resonance technique, creates images of free radical distributions in small animals by enhancing the water proton signal intensity by means of the Overhauser effect. Several studies have demonstrated noninvasive assessment of reactive oxygen species generation in small animals by using low frequency electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy/imaging and nitroxyl radicals. In vivo ESR signal intensities of nitroxyl radicals decrease with time after injection; and the decreases are enhanced by reactive oxygen species, generated in oxidative disease models in a site-specific manner. In this study, we show images of nitroxyl radicals with different isotopes by changing the external magnetic field for ESR irradiation between (14)N and (15)N nuclei in field-cycled OMRI. OMRI simultaneously obtained dual images of two individual chemical processes. Oxidation and reduction were monitored in a rate-dependent manner at nanometer scale by labeling membrane-permeable and -impermeable nitroxyl radicals with (14)N and (15)N nuclei. Phantom objects containing ascorbic acid-encapsulated liposomes with membrane-permeable radicals but not membrane-impermeable ones show a time-dependent decrease of the OMRI image intensity. The pharmacokinetics in mice was assessed with OMRI after radical administration. This OMRI technique with dual probes should offer significant applicability to nanometer scale molecular imaging and simultaneous assessment of independent processes in gene-modified animals. Thus, it may become a powerful tool to clarify mechanisms of disease and to monitor pharmaceutical therapy.
An Alternative Approach to Multipath and Near-Far Problem for Indoor Geolocation Systems (2001)

Previously we have considered the navigation characteristics of an autonomous, pseudolite based, indoor geolocation system designed to operate on a single frequency modulated on “orthogonal” or “nearly orthogonal” codes to achieve channel separation. Although this system has the potential to provide accurate positioning under normal conditions; i.e., when low or no multipath is present and when the distance from the receiver is almost equally spaced from the pseudolites. Due to the presence of multiple objects, the multipath effect is significant, which impacts the receiver and total navigation performance. On the other hand, the system we are trying to build requires a random placement of the pseudolites and a random trajectory path of the receiver, which may lead to the near-far problem. Therefore, the impact of the multipath and of the near-far problem when multipath is present is not fully assessed. This paper will discuss the theoretical characteristics of the multi-carrier and multi-code navigation system by looking first at the receiver’s performance due to the multipath, geometry, and dynamics impact. The impact of other important parameters such as carrier frequency, code length and type, chipping rate, data rate, noise and transmitted power are discussed in the paper.
Combined Trabectedin and anti-PD1 antibody produces a synergistic antitumor effect in a murine model of ovarian cancer (2015)

This study provides the evidence that α-PD-1 mAb can produce a synergistic antitumor efficacy when combined with Trabectedin, a clinically available anticancer agent, supporting a direct translation of this combination strategy in clinic for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Synthesis of Ligand-Specific Phage-Display ScFv against the Herbicide Picloram by Direct Cloning from Hyperimmunized Mouse (2001)

Immunoglobulin genes were directly isolated from the splenocytes of a BALB/C mouse hyperimmunized with the auxinic herbicide picloram conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Variable light and heavy domain DNA were joined to produce single-chain Fv (scFv) DNA, which was cloned into phage vector fd-tet-GIIID to display multiple copies of scFv on the filamentous phage minor coat protein gIIIp. The phage-display scFv library (10(4) clones) was selected against picloram conjugated to ovalbumin. After five rounds of panning, individual clones were analyzed. ScFv with different affinities to picloram (IC(50) values ranging from 20 ppb to 10 ppm) were detected in the final enriched pool. The increased avidity of the phage vector enhanced the selection (i.e., panning) of multiple picloram-specific recombinant antibodies. Stringent selection was required to isolate the clones with the highest affinity. Nucleotide sequence analysis of six isolated clones revealed that all of the V(L) belonged to the V kappa 9A family joined to J kappa 2 segments. All of the V(H) belonged to the V(H)()7183 family and joined to two different J segments (i.e., J(H)()2 or J(H)()4). Different from the immune response to large molecular weight molecules (MW > 10,000 Da), which requires both VDJ segment rearrangement and somatic hypermutations, production of high-affinity antibodies to picloram, a small ligand having a formula weight of 241.5 Da, predominantly requires somatic hypermutations.
Characterization of minute virus of canines (MVC) and its pathogenicity for pups. (1988)

Minute virus of canines (MVC, canine parvovirus-1), originally isolated in 1970 from the feces of normal dogs, was compared with canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2). The two viruses, which differ in their host cell ranges and spectra of hemagglutination, also were found distinct in their antigenic and genomic properties. We demonstrated that the MVC replicates in dogs and is capable of producing pathologic changes that were most prominent in oronasally-exposed neonatal pups. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were most prominent in the thymus and lymph nodes; minor changes were found in the duodenal crypts. The MVC strain used had been passaged 13 times in cell cultures and it may not represent the true virulence of naturally occurring virus.
Multi-stage replay with crosscut (2010)

Deterministic record-replay has many useful applications, ranging from fault tolerance and forensics to reproducing and diagnosing bugs. When choosing a record-replay solution, the system administrator must choose a priori how comprehensively to record the execution and at what abstraction level to record it. Unfortunately, these choices may not match well with how the recording is eventually used. A recording may contain too little information to support the end use of replay, or it may contain more sensitive information than is allowed to be shown to the end user of replay. Similarly, fixing the abstraction level at the time of recording often leads to a semantic mismatch with the end use of replay.This paper describes how to remedy these problems by adding customizable replay stages to create special-purpose logs for the end users of replay. Our system, called Crosscut, allows replay logs to be sliced along time and abstraction boundaries. Using this approach, users can create slices that include only the processes, applications, or components of interest, excluding parts that handle sensitive data. Users can also retarget the abstraction level of the replay log to higher-level platforms, such as Perl or Valgrind. Execution can then be augmented with additional analysis code at replay time, without disturbing the replayed components in the slice. Crosscut thus uses replay itself to transform logs into a more efficient, secure, and usable form for replay-based applications.Our current Crosscut prototype builds on VMware Workstation's record-replay capabilities, and supports a variety of different replay environments. We show how Crosscut can create slices of only the parts of the computation of interest and thereby avoid leaking sensitive information, and we show how to retarget the abstraction level of the log to enable more convenient use during replay debugging.
Stable Carbon Isotope Fractionation during Enhanced In Situ Bioremediation of Trichloroethene (2002)

Time-series stable carbon isotope monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) atthe Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory's (INEEL) field site Test Area North (TAN) was conducted during a pilot study to investigate the treatment potential of using lactate to stimulate in situ biologic reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE). The isotope ratios of TCE and its biodegradation byproducts, cis-dichloroethene (c-DCE), trans-dichloroethene (t-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and ethene, in groundwater samples collected during the pilot studywere preconcentrated with a combination of purge-and-trap and cryogenic techniques in order to allow for reproducible isotopic measurements of the low concentrations of these compounds in the samples (down to 0.04 microM, or 5 ppb, of TCE). Compound-specific stable isotope monitoring of chlorinated solvents clearly differentiated between the effects of groundwater transport, dissolution of DNAPL at the source, and enhanced bioremediation. Isotope data from all wells within the zone of lactate influence exhibited large kinetic isotope effects during the reduction of c-DCE to VC and VC to ethene. Despite these large effects, the carbon isotope ratio of ethene in all these wells reached the carbon isotope ratios of the initial dissolved TCE, confirming the complete conversion of dissolved TCEto ethene. Conversely, the carbon isotope ratios of t-DCE were only marginally affected during the study, indicating that minimal biologic degradation of t-DCE was occurring.
Spatial variation of T2 in human articular cartilage. (1997)

There is a reproducible pattern of increasing T2 that is proportional to the known spatial variation in cartilage water and is inversely proportional to the distribution of proteoglycans. The authors postulate that these regional T2 differences are secondary to the restricted mobility of cartilage water within an anisotropic solid matrix.
Synthesis of analogues of GABA. IX. 5-(Aminomethyl)-3-hydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one (1983)

5-(Aminomethyl)-3-hydroxyfuran-2(5 H )-one (4) has been synthesized as a GABA analogue in five steps from hex-3-enedioic acid, the enolic a-keto group being introduced under mild conditions by means of a singlet oxygen cleavage of an enamino lactone. The compound showed negligible activity as a GABA agonist with respect to inhibition of [3H]GABA binding, uptake and trans amination in rat brain membranes
A Coevolutionary Approach to Learning Sequential Decision Rules (1995)

We present a coevolutionary approach to learning sequential decision rules which appears to have a number of advantages over non-coevolutionary approaches. The coevolutionary approach encourages the formation of stable niches representing simpler subbehaviors. The evolutionary direction of each subbehavior can be controlled independently, providing an alternative to evolving complex behavior using intermediate training steps. Results are presented showing a significant learning rate speedup over a noncoevolutionary approach in a simulated robot domain. In addition, the results suggest the coevolutionary approach may lead to emergent problem decompositions. 1 Introduction For both natural and artificial organisms the ability to learn complex behavior is desirable, but difficult to achieve. Techniques such as &quot;shaping&quot; are frequently used to construct complex behaviors in stages by breaking them down into simpler behaviors which can be learned more easily, and then using these simpler b...
Variable input delay CMOS logic for low power design (2005)

Modern digital circuits consist of logic gates implemented in the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The time taken for a logic gate output to change after one or more inputs have changed is called the delay of the gate. A conventional CMOS gate is designed to have the same input to output delay irrespective of which input caused the output to change. We propose a new gate design that has different delays along various inputs to output paths within the gate. This is accomplished by inserting selectively sized "permanently on" series transistors at the inputs of the logic gate. We demonstrate the use of the variable input delay CMOS gates for a totally glitch-free minimum dynamic power implementation of a digital circuit. Applying a previously described linear programming method to the c7552 benchmark circuit, we obtained a power saving of 58% over an un-optimized design. This power consumption was 18% lower than that for an alternative low power design using conventional CMOS gates. All circuits had the same overall delay. Since the overall delay was not allowed to increase, the glitch elimination with conventional gates required insertion of delay buffers on non-critical paths. The use of the variable input delay gates drastically reduced the required number of delay buffers.
A balanced commutator for switched reluctance motors to reduce torque ripple (1992)

A method of computing the reference currents for current tracking feedback control, called a balanced commutator, is presented. For a given motor, this commutator reduces the peaks and the rates of change of the reference currents. Although primarily intended for lower-speed direct-drive applications, the commutator design allows accurate current tracking, and therefore reduced torque ripple, over a reasonably wide range of operating speeds. Three motor models, (analytical, numerical, and measured) are considered. Issues relating commutation schemes to amplifier requirements are addressed by simulating simple analytical models of the electrical dynamics. To reveal the interplay between motor design and commutator output, torque models produced by numerical field calculations are considered. To demonstrate the practical benefits and limitations of the method, a balanced commutator based on measured motor data is implemented, and torque ripple reduction is quantified in a laboratory experiment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PAK1 as a therapeutic target (2010)

PAK1 is a promising therapeutic target in cancer and allergen-induced disorders. Its suitability as a target in vascular, neurological and infectious diseases remains ambiguous. Further advancement of this field requires progress on such issues as the development of specific and clinically acceptable inhibitors, the choice between targeting one or multiple PAK isoforms, elucidation of the individual roles of PAK1 targets and the mechanisms that may circumvent inhibition of PAK1.
Factor XII truncation accelerates activation in solution (2018)

Essentials During contact system activation, factor XII is progressively cleaved by plasma kallikrein. We investigated the role of factor XII truncation in biochemical studies. Factor XII contains naturally occurring truncating cleavage sites for a variety of enzymes. Truncation of factor XII primes it for activation in solution through exposure of R353. SUMMARY: Background The contact activation system and innate immune system are interlinked in inflammatory pathology. Plasma kallikrein (PKa) is held responsible for the stepwise processing of factor XII (FXII). A first cleavage activates FXII (into FXIIa); subsequent cleavages truncate it. This truncation eliminates its surface-binding domains, which negatively regulates surface-dependent coagulation. Objectives To investigate the influence of FXII truncation on its activation and downstream kallikrein-kinin system activation. Methods We study activation of recombinant FXII variants by chromogenic assays, by FXIIa ELISA and western blotting. Results We demonstrate that FXII truncation primes it for activation by PKa in solution. We demonstrate this phenomenon in three settings. (i) Truncation at a naturally occurring PKa-sensitive cleavage site, R334, accelerates FXIIa formation in solution. A site-directed mutant FXII-R334A displays ~50% reduced activity when exposed to PKa. (ii) A pathogenic mutation in FXII that causes hereditary angioedema, introduces an additional plasmin-sensitive cleavage site. Truncation at this site synergistically accelerates FXII activation in solution. (iii) We identify new, naturally occurring cleavage sites in FXII that have so far not been functionally linked to contact system activation. As examples, we show that non-activating truncation of FXII by neutrophil elastase and cathepsin K primes it for activation by PKa in solution. Conclusions FXII truncation, mediated by either pathogenic mutations or naturally occurring cleavage sites, primes FXII for activation in solution. We propose that the surface-binding domains of FXII shield its activating cleavage site, R353. This may help to explain how the contact system contributes to inflammatory pathology.
New Wafer Alignment Process Using Multiple Vision Method for Industrial Manufacturing (2018)

In semiconductor manufacturing, wafer aligners have been widely used, such as the conventional alignment method using a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) transmission sensor to detect the notch or flat in a wafer. This paper presents a proposed vision aligner using a vision method that can be installed in the wafer and plate bonding machine for mass production. The vision system, which uses three cameras to perform wafer alignment of position and rotation, detects wafer face side and ultraviolet (UV) tape on the target wafer and plate. It can be utilized for the alignment process of wafers and ceramic plate bonding. Using the vision method, the aligner could reduce the process steps and time required for wafer bonding, as well as unexpected problems caused by the workers during manufacturing. The system was applied in the mass production field to verify its performance.
Immunogenicity of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Polytope Vaccine Containing Multiple HLA A2 HIV CD8<sup>+</sup>Cytotoxic T-Cell Epitopes (1999)

Compelling evidence now suggests that alphabeta CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have an important role in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and/or slowing progression to AIDS. Here, we describe an HIV type 1 CTL polyepitope, or polytope, vaccine comprising seven contiguous minimal HLA A2-restricted CD8 CTL epitopes conjoined in a single artificial construct. Epitope-specific CTL lines derived from HIV-infected individuals were able to recognize every epitope within the construct, and HLA A2-transgenic mice immunized with a recombinant virus vaccine coding for the HIV polytope also generated CTL specific for different epitopes. Each epitope in the polytope construct was therefore processed and presented, illustrating the feasibility of the polytope approach for HIV vaccine design. By simultaneously inducing CTL specific for different epitopes, an HIV polytope vaccine might generate activity against multiple challenge isolates and/or preempt the formation of CTL escape mutants.
A novel high-performance low-power CMOS master-slave flip-flop (1999)

A novel high-performance low-power CMOS master-slave flip-flop is proposed. The proposed flip-flop consumes very low power, while having a very small clock load and data load. In our HSPICE simulations, the new flip-flop has an optimal power-delay product better than previous master-slave structures. The proposed flip-flop is compared to other reported master-slave flip-flops.
Adoptive Cellular Therapy With Tumor Vaccine Draining Lymph Node Lymphocytes After Vaccination With HLA-B7/β2-Microglobulin Gene-Modified Autologous Tumor Cells (2002)

Adoptive immunotherapy with anti-CD3-expanded lymphocytes from lymph nodes draining alloantigen gene-modified autologous tumor vaccines is an effective treatment of poorly immunogenic murine tumors. This phase I/II study was performed to determine the feasibility and toxicity of combining ex vivo gene transfer of autologous tumor cells and adoptive immunotherapy with anti-CD3-expanded tumor vaccine draining lymph node lymphocytes (TVDLN) in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer (RCC). To facilitate the generation of tumor-specific lymphocytes in the TVDLN, autologous tumor cells were modified by gene transfer ex vivo to express the alloantigen HLA-B7, a modification that has the potential to enhance the immunogenicity of the tumor cells. After vaccination with gene-modified tumor cells, patients' lymph nodes were harvested; TVDLN lymphocytes were activated and expanded ex vivo with anti-CD3 and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and adoptively transferred to patients in combination with systemic IL-2. Twenty patients, nine with melanoma and 11 with RCC were treated. Tumor was harvested successfully in all 20 patients. Ex vivo gene transfer was performed using lipofection with a lipid: DNA plasmid complex containing the genes for HLA-B7 and beta2-microglobulin. The mean expression of HLA-B7 by autologous tumor cells after gene transfer was 4.53% (range 0.3%-12.1%). Lymph nodes were harvested from all 20 patients with a mean of 53 x 107 and 60 x 107 cells obtained from the gene-modified and unmodified tumor vaccine sites, respectively. Successful expansion of adequate TVDLN was accomplished in 19 of 20 harvests of unmodified vaccines and in 18 of 20 gene-modified vaccines. No major toxicities were noted after vaccination with autologous tumor cells or adoptive transfer of ex vivo activated TVDLN lymphocytes. Typical IL-2-related toxicities were observed in all patients. No objective tumor regressions were observed. MHC class I restricted, tumor-specific cytokine secretion was observed in lymphocytes from TVDLN and the peripheral blood of vaccinated patients.
A methodology for updating 3D solid models of complex monumental structures based on local point-based meshes (2013)

Structural changes introduced during the life of monuments contribute to produce complex geometrical configurations that cannot be properly represented in standard solid modeling systems designed for current engineering applications such as finite element analysis (FEA). Likewise, point-based 3D meshes - laser-scanner or photogrammetric -, although capable of constructing detailed representation of surfaces, cannot be used for direct application in structural analysis because they do not produce complete and unambiguous solid models. To tackle this issue, we merged these two approaches into a unified methodology capable of updating a 3D solid model, representing the entire monument as reconstructed in its presumed original configuration, with information from a 3D mesh model containing a detailed geometrical description of the recent structural state of a specific sector of the same monument. The methodology is based on a series of functions that operate in the Mesh and Solid Modeling Space. The mesh model is aligned via 3D registration and, subsequently, segmented for its conversion to a solid model. Finally, this solid updates the solid representation of the entire monument via Boolean operations. We test the procedure on the Main Platform of the Huaca de la Luna, Trujillo, Peru, one of the most important massive earthen structures of the Moche civilization. Solid models are defined in AutoCAD while 3D meshes are constructed via the photogrammetric program Agisoft PhotoScan. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is effective at transferring complex geometrical and topological features from the mesh to the solid modeling space. The updated solid model can be represented and visualized in any standard CAD software, and utilized for FEA and augmented reality applications.
Preparation of Arylimidobis(sulfates) (1986)

Abstract Seven arylimidobis(sulfates), six of which are new compounds, have been prepared by the N-sulfonation of the corresponding primary aromatic amines with 2-methylpyridine-sulfur trioxide in 60–92% yields.