gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chimeric Newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid with parts of viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion proteins. (2002)

The nucleocapsid (NP) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) self-assembled in Escherichia coli as ring-like and herringbone-like particles. Several chimeric NP proteins were constructed in which the antigenic regions of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins of NDV, myc epitope, and six histidines (a hexa-His tag) were linked to the C-terminus of the NP monomer. These chimeric proteins were expressed efficiently in soluble form in E. coli as detected by Western blot analysis. Electron microscopy of the purified products revealed that they self-assembled into ring-like particles. These chimeric particles exhibited antigenicity of the myc epitope, suggesting that the foreign sequences were exposed on the surface of the particles. Chickens inoculated with the chimeric particles mounted an immune response against NDV, suggesting the possibility of use of the ring-like particle as a carrier of immunogens in subunit vaccines and immunological reagents.
Differentiation of Prostatitis and Prostate Cancer by Using Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging and MR-guided Biopsy at 3 T (2013)

Diffusion-weighted imaging is a noninvasive technique that shows differences between prostatitis and PCa in both the peripheral zone and central gland, although its usability in clinical practice is limited as a result of significant overlap in ADCs.
Vision system aligns leads for automatic component insertion (1983)

Two solid state cameras and a newly developed image processor have been used to measure the positional deviation of the two leads of a component and control adjustment of the X‐Y table. The system allows the insertion machine to operate without mechanical guides for the leads, allowing insertion of components with different lead pitches and at high density. Application results are reported in this article.
A Pattern Search-Based Algorithm for Three-Dimensional Component Layout (1998)

Abstract A pattern search-based algorithm is introduced for efficient component layout optimization. The algorithm is applicable to general layout problems, where component geometry can be arbitrary, design goals can be multiple and spatial constraint satisfactions can be of different types. Extensions to pattern search are introduced to help the algorithm to converge to optimal solutions by escaping inferior local minima. The performance on all of the test problems shows that the algorithm runs one-to-two orders of magnitude faster than a robust simulated annealing-based algorithm for results with the same quality. The algorithm is further extended to solve a concurrent layout and routing problem, which demonstrates the ability of the algorithm to apply new pattern strategies in search and to include different objective functions in optimization.
Evidence that a eukaryotic‐type serine/threonine protein kinase from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> regulates morphological changes associated with cell division (2002)

A eukaryotic-type protein serine/threonine kinase, PknA, was cloned from Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Ra. Sequencing of the clone indicated 100% identity with the published pknA sequence of M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv. PknA fused to maltose-binding protein was expressed in Escherichia coli; it exhibited a molecular mass of approximately 97 kDa. The fusion protein was purified from the soluble fraction by affinity chromatography using amylose resin. In vitro kinase assays showed that the autophosphorylating ability of PknA is strictly magnesium/manganese-dependent, and sodium orthovanadate can inhibit this activity. Phosphoamino-acid analysis indicated that PknA phosphorylates at serine and threonine residues. PknA was also able to phosphorylate exogenous substrates, such as myelin basic protein and histone. A comparison of the nucleotide-derived amino-acid sequence of PknA with that of functionally characterized prokaryotic serine/threonine kinases indicated its possible involvement in cell division/differentiation. Protein--protein interaction studies revealed that PknA is capable of phosphorylating at least a approximately 56-kDa soluble protein from E. coli. Scanning electron microscopy showed that constitutive expression of this kinase resulted in elongation of E. coli cells, supporting its regulatory role in cell division.
A 6bit, 7mW, 250fJ, 700MS/s subranging ADC (2009)

A 6 bit, 7 mW, 700 MS/s subranging ADC fabricated in 90 nm CMOS technology with SNDR of 34 dB for Nyquist input frequency is presented. The subranging architecture using CDACs, gate-weighted interpolation scheme, and digitally offset calibrating double-tail latched comparators has demonstrated an ultra low FoM of 250 fJ/conv. steps. and attractiveness for embedded IP for low power SoCs.
GLC‐3: a novel fipronil and BIDN‐sensitive, but picrotoxinin‐insensitive, L‐glutamate‐gated chloride channel subunit from <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2001)

1. We report the cloning and expression of a novel Caenorhabditis elegans polypeptide, GLC-3, with high sequence identity to previously cloned L-glutamate-gated chloride channel subunits from nematodes and insects. 2. Expression of glc-3 cRNA in XENOPUS oocytes resulted in the formation of homo-oligomeric L-glutamate-gated chloride channels with robust and rapidly desensitizing currents, an EC(50) of 1.9+/-0.03 mM and a Hill coefficient of 1.5+/-0.1. GABA, glycine, histamine and NMDA all failed to activate the GLC-3 homo-oligomer at concentrations of 1 mM. The anthelminthic, ivermectin, directly and irreversibly activated the L-glutamate-gated channel with an EC(50) of 0.4+/-0.02 microM. 3. The GLC-3 channels were selective for chloride ions, as shown by the shift in the reversal potential for L-glutamate-gated currents after the reduction of external Cl(-) from 107.6 to 62.5 mM. 4. Picrotoxinin failed to inhibit L-glutamate agonist responses at concentrations up to 1 mM. The polycyclic dinitrile, 3,3-bis-trifluoromethyl-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2,2-dicarbonitrile (BIDN), completely blocked L-glutamate-induced chloride currents recorded from oocytes expressing GLC-3 with an IC(50) of 0.2+/-0.07 microM. The phenylpyrazole insecticide, fipronil, reversibly inhibited L-glutamate-gated currents recorded from the GLC-3 receptor with an IC(50) of 11.5+/-0.11 microM. 5. In this study, we detail the unusual antagonist pharmacology of a new GluCl subunit from C. elegans. Unlike all other native and recombinant nematode GluCl reported to date, the GLC-3 receptor is insensitive to picrotoxinin, but is sensitive to two other channel blockers, BIDN and fipronil. Further study of this receptor may provide insights into the molecular basis of non-competitive antagonism by these compounds.
Clinical chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell therapy: a new and promising treatment modality for glioblastoma (2019)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is now approved in the United States and Europe as a standard treatment for relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. It has also been approved recently by the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia and may soon be publicly reimbursed. This advance has accentuated scientific, clinical and commercial interest in adapting this exciting technology for the treatment of solid cancers where it is widely recognised that the challenges of overcoming a hostile tumor microenvironment are most acute. Indeed, CAR-T cell technology may be of the greatest value for those cancers that lack pre-existing immunity because they are immunologically 'cold', or have a low somatic tumor mutation load, or both. These cancers are generally not amenable to therapeutic immune checkpoint blockade, but CAR-T cell therapy may be effective because it provides an abundant supply of autologous tumor-specific T cells. This is achieved by using genetic engineering to re-direct autologous T-cell cytotoxicity towards a tumor-associated antigen, bypassing endogenous T-cell requirements for antigen processing, MHC-dependent antigen presentation and co-stimulation. One of the most challenging solid cancers is glioblastoma, which has among the least permissive immunological milieu of any cancer, and which is almost always fatal. Here, we argue that CAR-T cell technology may counter some glioblastoma defences and provide a beachhead for furthering our eventual therapeutic aims of restoring effective antitumor immunity. Although clinical investigation of CAR-T cell therapy for glioblastoma is at an early stage, we discuss three recently published studies, which feature significant differences in target antigen, CAR-T cell phenotype, route of administration and tumor response. We discuss the lessons, which may be learned from these studies and which may guide further progress in the field.
The geometry of displacements at nonstereogenic atoms: the formal displacement of alkoxide from alkoxyamines by organolithium reagents (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe geometry of displacements at nonstereogenic atoms: the formal displacement of alkoxide from alkoxyamines by organolithium reagentsPeter. Beak, Anwer. Basha, Bruce. Kokko, and DeKai. LooCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 19, 6016–6023Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00279a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00279a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2333Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Receptor Endocytosis and Dendrite Reshaping in Spinal Neurons After Somatosensory Stimulation (1995)

In vivo somatosensory stimuli evoked the release of substance P from primary afferent neurons that terminate in the spinal cord and stimulated endocytosis of substance P receptors in rat spinal cord neurons. The distal dendrites that showed substance P receptor internalization underwent morphological reorganization, changing from a tubular structure to one characterized by swollen varicosities connected by thin segments. This internalization and dendritic structural reorganization provided a specific image of neurons activated by substance P. Thus receptor internalization can drive reversible structural changes in central nervous system neurons in vivo. Both of these processes may be involved in neuronal plasticity.
Non-supported and resin-supported oligo(oxyethylenes) as solid–liquid phase-transfer catalysts. Effect of chain length and head-group (1981)

A series of oligo(oxyethylenes) containing 3–30 ethylene oxide residues and a number of polystyrene resin-supported analogues have been examined as phase-transfer catalysts in the reaction of solid potassium phenoxide with 1-bromobutane in toluene. With both groups of catalysts the activity increases with the length of the oligoether chain. This effect arises despite a fall in the ability of the oligoethers to solubilize the phenoxide, and must therefore be associated with an increase in the nucleophilicity of the phenoxide anion in the oligoether complexed ion pairs. A group of oligo(oxyethylenes) with three ethylene oxide residues and symmetrically substituted with different head-groups was also examined. One with 8-quinolyl end-groups proved to be as active as dibenzo-18-crown-6, whereas, somewhat surprisingly, a corresponding species with 2-methoxyphenyl substituents was a relatively poor catalyst. In this case the geometry of complexation might allow retention of intimate ion pair character. In the case of oligoethers with head-groups OH,OH; OH,OCH3; and OCH3,OCH3 the presence of an hydroxy-group appears to enhance the ability to complex K+, but simultaneously reduces catalytic activity, possibly because of interaction with the phenoxide counterion. As a result, the unsymmetrically substituted derivative is the most active catalyst providing an optimum balance of these factors. Two series of resin-supported analogues, one with three ethylene oxide residues in each oligoether chain and one with four, were also synthesised. In each case the derivative with an 8-quinolyl head-group and one related structure derived from 2-pyridylmethanol were the most active catalysts. Again the two species with a 2-methoxyphenyl head-group were less effective than anticipated. In the case of the oligoether chain with four ethylene oxide residues, the activity was somewhat better and there is some correlation with the reported complexing ability of analogus unbound species.
Managing Editor's Report (1978)

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Contrast sensitivity loss is coupled with capillary dropout in patients with diabetes. (1997)

The alterations of the perifoveal network are related to selective disturbances of central visual function as measured by contrast sensitivity. In patients with diabetes measurement of contrast sensitivity may provide a clinical adjunct in further identifying early ischemic diabetic maculopathy.
Core−Shell Microspherical Ti<sub>1</sub><sub>-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Zr<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>2</sub> Solid Solution Photocatalysts Directly from Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (2006)

A series of Ti(1-x)Zr(x)O(2) solid solutions photocatalysts (x = 0.000, 0.045, 0.090, 0.135, and 0.180) was directly obtained by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. Compared with previous methods for solid solutions, our preparation was very fast. The resulting samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The characterizations revealed core-shell spherical structures of the resulting solid solutions. We evaluated photocatalytic activities of the solid solutions on degradation of rhodamine B in aqueous solution under simulated solar light. It was found that Ti(0.91)Zr(0.09)O(2) solid solution exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity among all the as-prepared samples. Its activity was much higher than that of P25. The formation mechanism of core-shell spherical structures was proposed. Moreover, we successfully extended this method to prepare microspheres of ceria and ceria-zirconia solid solutions. We think this general method may be easily scaled up for industrial production of microspherical solid solutions photocatalysts and catalysts.
Use of biopolymer entrapped sulfate reducing bacteria and metal nanoparticles for effective aqueous sulfate removal (2013)

Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) isolated from activated sludge were used to investigate sulfate removal from aqueous solution using calcium alginate entrapped SRB in batch studies with ethanol and lactose as the carbon sources. The interferences of pH, temperature, Al3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ on sulfate removal were also investigated. Further, sulfate removal experiments were conducted with co-entrapped SRB and nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) and separately entrapped SRB and NZVI. Results indicate that EntSRB can effectively remove sulfate from aqueous solution. 88-95% sulfate removal was achieved. Both ethanol and lactose worked well as carbon sources for entrapped bacteria. Interference studies indicated low sulfate removal in the presence of 25-50 mg/L of aluminum and zinc. Low pH (pH≤ 4) and low temperature (5?C) decreased sulfate reduction. NZVI appeared to have negative effects on SRB. Loading of 0.05 and 0.1 g of NZVI led to lower SO42- removal as compared to experiments without NZVI.
Addition of “Charge-Shifting” Side Chains to Linear Poly(ethyleneimine) Enhances Cell Transfection Efficiency (2008)

We reported recently that the addition of ester-functionalized, "charge-shifting" side chains to linear poly(ethyleneimine) (LPEI) can be used to design polyamines that promote both self-assembly and self-disassembly with DNA in aqueous environments. This investigation sought to characterize the influence of charge-shifting side chains on the ability of LPEI to mediate cell transfection and understand the extent to which increases (or decreases) in levels of transfection could be understood in terms of time-dependent changes in the net charges of these polymers. We report that the addition of "charge-shifting" side chains to LPEI leads to significant increases in levels of LPEI-mediated transfection. In particular, polymer 1e, functionalized with 20 mol % ester-functionalized side chains, mediates levels of transgene expression in vitro up to 8-fold higher than LPEI. Experiments using an amide-functionalized analog of polymer 1e demonstrated that the esters in polymer 1e play an important role in promoting increased levels of transfection. These results, in combination with the results of additional gel electrophoresis experiments, provide support for the view that increases in transfection result from time-dependent changes in the net charge of polymer 1e and the disruption of ionic interactions in polyplexes. Additional support for this view is provided by the results of confocal microscopy experiments and measurements of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, which suggest that polymer 1e promotes the disruption of polyplexes in intracellular environments effectively. The approach reported here provides a means of addressing one important "late-stage" obstacle to polyplex-mediated transfection (polyplex unpackaging). If integrated successfully with methods that have been developed to address other important barriers to transfection, this general approach could lead to the development of multifunctional polyplexes that mimic more effectively the range of functions of viruses as agents for the delivery of DNA.
Studies on Rhubarb (Rhei Rhizoma). II. Anthraquinone Glycosides (1973)

Along with chrysophanol glucoside (I), mp 245-246°, C21H20O9·1/2H2O, and 8-O-β-D-glucopyranosides of physcion, emodin, aloe-emodin and rhein, three new anthraquinone glucosides, II : mp 187-189°, C21H20O10·2H2O, III : mp 239-241°, C21H20O10·1/2H2O and IV : mp 210-215°were isolated from the rhubarb, and II and III were respectively identified with 1, 8-dihydroxy-3 [-O-β-D-glucopyranosylmethyl]-aloe-emodin and 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-emodin by spectral analyses of them, their permethylates and aglycones of permethylates. Although physical constants of I were quite the same with those of chrysophanein (1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-chrysophanol), I was found to be a mixture of 1-and 8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-chrysophanols by nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis of the aglycone of its permethylate.
<title>Design and implementation of a parallel object-oriented image processing toolkit</title> (2000)

Advances in technology have enabled us to collect data from observations, experiments, and simulations at an ever increasing pace. As these data sets approach the terabyte and petabyte range, scientists are increasingly using semi-automated techniques from data mining and pattern recognition to find useful information in the data. In order for data mining to be successful, the raw data must first be processed into a form suitable for the detection of patterns. When the data is in the form of images, this can involve a substantial amount of processing on very large data sets. To help make this task more efficient, we are designing and implementing an object-oriented image processing toolkit that specifically targets massively-parallel, distributed-memory architectures. We first show that it is possible to use object-oriented technology to effectively address the diverse needs of image applications. Next, we describe how we abstract out the similarities in image processing algorithms to enable re-use in our software. We will also discuss the difficulties encountered in parallelizing image algorithms on the massively parallel machines as well as the bottlenecks to high performance. We will demonstrate our work using images from an astronomical data set, and illustrate how techniques such as filters and denoising through the thresholding of wavelet coefficients can be applied when a large image is distributed across several processors.
At the Forge: More with Three-Tiered Design (2001)

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) coating on initial adhesion and biofilm formation of peri-implant bacteria. Titanium (Ti), Ti-polydopamine (Ti-PDOP), Ti-PDOP-DNase I and Ti-PDOP-inactivated DNase I samples were studied. The FE-SEM, EDS and XPS were used to confirm that DNase I was coated onto Ti. The initial adhesion and biofilm formation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n) were observed by CLSM. The osteogenic induction of Ti-PDOP-DNase I on MC3T3-E1 cells was investigated by ALP activity and RT-PCR. The adhesion clearance rate of viable bacteria on the surfaces of Ti-PDOP-DNase I was 91.95% for A.a, and 96.37% for F.n, and the 24 h biofilm formation of the bacteria was significantly inhibited. In addition, on DNase I coating, the mRNA level of osteogenic marker genes (alp, opn, bsp, sp7) and the activity of ALP were both up-regulated. Therefore, DNase I coating could be an alternative approach for preventing implant-related infection.
Wrapping of Metal Cations by Linear Polyethers (1979)

Abstract The wrapping of linear polyethyleneglycol ligands around metal cations is dependent on their lengths. Short ligands (containing 5 heteroatoms) form circular complexes; extension by one to five heteroatoms leads to helical structures, and ligands containing 11 heteroatoms are able to bind two cations in an S‐like arrangement. It is remarkable (1) that the longer achiral ligands form chiral complexes, (2) that in general all the heteroatoms are coordinated to the cation, (3) that the cation … heteroatom distance is dependent on the electronegativity of this atom, (4) that the C–C–O–C and C–O–C–C torsion angles are trans while the O–C–C–O are gauche , (5) that while the O–C–C–O torsion angles are always gauche the C–C–O–C and C–O–C–C are more flexible and can adopt a non‐ trans form, and (6) that the ligands wrap preferentially in an “equatorial” zone around the cation while the “polar” zones are occupied by one or both ends of the ligands depending on their lengths. In this study we describe the molecular structures of the following complexes as determined by X‐ray crystallographic methods: the RbI‐complexes of α, ω ‐bis(8‐quinolyloxy)‐3‐oxapentane, and of the homologous – 3, 6, 9‐trioxaundecane and ‐3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18‐hexaoxaeicosane; the RbI‐complex of 1, 11‐bis(8‐quinaldyloxy)‐3, 6, 9‐trioxaundecane; the NaSCN‐complex of 1, 8‐bis(2‐methoxyphenoxy)‐3, 6‐dioxaoctane; and the 2 · KSCN‐complex of 1, 5‐bis{2‐[5‐(2‐nitrophenoxy)‐2‐oxypentyloxy]‐phenoxy}‐3‐oxapentane.
Clinical Investigation of Intermediate‐ and High‐Purity Antihaemophilic Factor (Factor VIII) Concentrates (1971)

S ummary . Intermediate‐ and high‐purity antibaemophilic factor (factor‐VIII) concentrates developed by the American National Red Cross (ANRC) have undergone extensive clinical investigation. When administered to severely affected haemophiliacs, the recovery in vivo and the metabolic half‐disappearance time were similar to those achieved with plasma.