gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrate poisoning in cattle. 2. Changes in nitrite in rumen fluid and methemoglobin formation in blood after high nitrate intake. (1977)

2. Three experiments with mature dry Friesian cows lasted for up to 16 days. Nitrate was given as nitrate-rich hay or mixed with concentrates to supply from 2.4 to 16.0 g/100 kg liveweight at each meal. To test the hypothesis that methaemoglobin was formed as the result of the production of nitrite as an intermediate in the rumen, one group was given a daily supplement of KNO2, 2 to 3 g/100 kg liveweight. Blood was sampled at frequent intervals, and ruminal fluid was sampled every 15 min for short periods from cows with a recirculating sampling device. Large intakes of nitrate in either form increased nitrite in the rumen, leading to increase of methaemoglobin in the blood during the first few days, after which the high value was maintained. The high methaemoglobin value was positively correlated with the larger nitrite content in the rumen. Results are discussed in the light of conflicting reports on the tolerance of cattle to large amounts of nitrate and the importance of frequent sampling to obtain a true picture is stressed. Previous inferences regarding the ability of cattle to tolerate nitrate at up to 90 g/100 kg are considered to be mistaken. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: In two experiments groups of 4 cows (415-669 kg body weight) received similar daily amounts of NO3- as either a single oral dose of KNO3 (15 g/100 kg) or a single feed of nitrate rich hay (12.4-15.4 g NO3-/100 kg) for 18 days. In a third experiment 6 cows received 2 or 3 g/100 kg of NO3- as a single oral dose of KNO2 for 6 days. Nitrate, nitrite and ammonia were measured in rumen sample and haemoglobin and methaemoglobin were measured in blood. The daily supply of equal doses of nitrate to cows, as hay with a high nitrate content or as potassium nitrate, induced higher nitrite contents in the rumen fluid and a higher percentage of methaemoglobin in the blood during the first days, after which they remained on this higher level. These increases were probably due to a change in the activity of the reducing micro-organisms in the rumen. The changes also partly explain the controversial data in the literature on the acceptable dosages of nitrate to be supplied to ruminants. This may have led to the mis-interpretation that ruminants should tolerate daily intakes up to 90 g of NO3- per 100 g body weight. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Astragaloside IV Dilates Aortic Vessels from Normal and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats through Endothelium-Dependent and Endothelium-Independent Ways (2006)

The major active constituent of Astragalus membranaceus, astragaloside IV, has been found to have properties of increasing coronary flow and cardioprotection. In this study, we examined the direct effects of astragaloside IV on vessel dilatation and contraction in isolated aortic rings from both normal and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) in vitro. The results demonstrated that astragaloside IV could antagonize vessel contractions induced by phenylephrine and potassium chloride in a concentration-dependent way. Astragaloside IV reduced CaCl2-induced contractions in Ca2+-free solution. Astragaloside IV also dilated aortic vessels in a dose-dependent manner, which was partially endothelium-dependent through the nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP pathways. The aorta from 6-month-old SHR-SP rats showed impaired endothelium function, and astragaloside IV dilated the vessels from the hypertensive rats to a lesser extent as compared with normal control rats. In the presence of perivascular fat tissue, the contractile responses induced by angiotensin II and phenylephrine were also attenuated by astragaloside IV. Collectively, this study provides functional evidence that astragaloside IV exerts vessel dilatation properties through the endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP pathway in normal and hypertensive rats. It blocks extracellular calcium influx and participates in vessel relaxation partly through phenylephrine and angiotensin II inhibition when perivascular fat is present.
Nucleotide sequence comparison of the genome of two 17D-204 yellow fever vaccines (1989)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence comparison of the genome of two 17D-204 yellow fever vaccines Get access A. Dupuy, A. Dupuy 1Institut PasteurBP 220, Dakar, Sènègal, Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Despres, P. Despres Unit of Molecular VirologyCNRS UA 545 , Institut Pasteur25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex,France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Cahour, A. Cahour * Unit of Molecular VirologyCNRS UA 545 , Institut Pasteur25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex,France * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Girard, M. Girard Unit of Molecular VirologyCNRS UA 545 , Institut Pasteur25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex,France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Bouloy M. Bouloy Unit of Molecular VirologyCNRS UA 545 , Institut Pasteur25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex,France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 10, 25 May 1989, Page 3989, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.10.3989 Published: 25 May 1989 Article history Received: 07 April 1989 Published: 25 May 1989
Saturation of the Secretory Pathway by Overexpression of a Hookworm (Necator americanus) Protein (Na-ASP1) (2007)

Human hookworm infection is one of the most significant parasitic infections, and a leading global cause of anemia and malnutrition of adults and children in rural areas of the tropics and subtropics. Necator americanus secretory protein (Na-ASP1), which is a potential vaccine candidate against hookworm infections, has been expressed in Pichia pastoris. Na-ASP1 protein was expressed extracellulary by employing the leader sequence of the alpha-mating factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Most of the protein produced by single copy clones was secreted outside the cell. The Na-ASP1 steady state mRNA levels of the clones were correlated to their Na-ASP1 gene copy number. However, increasing gene copy number of Na-ASP1 protein in P. pastoris saturated secretory capacity and therefore, decreased the amount of secreted protein in clones harboring multiple copies of Na-ASP1 gene.
Isolation and Characterization of 1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase Genes From Arabidopsis thaliana (1991)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
SPECT reconstruction on the GPU (2008)

With the increasing reliance of doctors on imaging procedures, not only visualization needs to be optimized, but the reconstruction of the volumes from the scanner output is another bottleneck. Accelerating the computationally intensive reconstruction process improves the medical work flow, matches the reconstruction speed to the acquisition speed, and allows fast batch processing and interactive or near-interactive parameter tuning. Recently, much effort has been focused on using the computational power of graphics processing units (GPUs) for general purpose computations. This paper presents a GPU-accelerated implementation of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) reconstruction based on an ordered-subset expectation maximization algorithm. The algorithm uses models for the point-spread-function (PSF) to improve spatial resolution in the reconstruction images. Instead of computing the PSF directly, it is modeled as efficient blurring of slabs on the GPU in order to accelerate the process. The algorithm for the calculation of accumulated attenuation factors that allows correcting the generated volume according to the attenuation properties of the volume is optimized for processing on the GPU. Since these factors can be reused between different iterations, a cache is used that is adapted to different sizes of the video memory so that only those factors have to be recomputed that do not fit onto graphics memory. These improvements make the reconstruction of typical SPECT volume near interactive.
Improving operation of the croissant production line through overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) (2018)

Purpose Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) is a metric for estimating equipment effectiveness of the industrial systems. The purpose of this paper is to identify maintenance improvement potentials using an OEE assessment within the croissant production line. Design/methodology/approach The present work is carried out by analyzing the failure and repair data of the line. The failure data cover a period of 15 months. During this period the croissant production line usually operates over the entire day (24 h per day) in three 8-h shifts per day, and pauses at the weekends. Descriptive statistics of the failure and repair data for the line based on scheduled and unscheduled interruptions were carried. Moreover, the actual availability ( A ), performance efficiency ( PE ) and quality rate ( Q ) measures, together with the complete OEE for each working day for the croissant production line, were shown. Findings The main objectives are to understand the operation management of the croissant production line, and to measure the OEE characteristics in precise quantitative terms. OEE analysis can help the company to identify the primary problems concerning the A , PE and Q and acts immediately. Originality/value This paper presents a successful evaluation of OEE which will provide a useful guide to aspects of the production process, which identifies the critical points of the line that require further improvement through effective maintenance strategy (i.e. total productive maintenance). Moreover, the analysis provides a useful perspective and helps managers and engineers make better decisions on how to improve manufacturing productivity and quality.
Deletion within the D17S34 Locus in a Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor | Cancer Research (1997)

Materials and MethodsLoss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17p13.3 is frequently observed in solid tumors, and the presence of a tumor suppressor gene has been predicted in this region of chromosome 17.We have analyzed a primitive neuroectodermal tumor sample exhibiting loss of heterozygosity at the D17S34 locus, a commonly used telomeric marker on the short arm of chromosome 17.The remaining allele showed a rearrangement.Cosmids spanning the D17S34 locus and probes from that region were used to demonstrate a 9-kb deletion within the D17S34 locus and were found to contain evolutionary, conserved sequences.Genetic alterations in this region may also affect expression of Immediately adjacent genes, such as ABR, and could be a common mechanism in the causation of primitive neuroectodermal tumors.
Isolation of cDNAs encoding a novel member of the neurotransmitter transporter gene family (1991)

Degenerate oligonucleotides deduced from two regions of the rat gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter were used to amplify related sequences from rat spinal cord by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The resulting product then allowed isolation of two overlapping cDNA clones with an open reading frame encoding a hydrophobic polypeptide of 630 amino acids. This protein, termed NTT, exhibits 38% sequence homology to the GABA and 48% to the noradrenaline transporters and contains 12 putative transmembrane regions. PCR amplification revealed low-level expression of NTT transcripts in spinal cord, but not in brain and cerebellum.
Retinoic Acid as a Vaccine Adjuvant Enhances CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cell Response and Mucosal Protection from Viral Challenge (2011)

Vaccine-induced memory T cells localized at mucosal sites can provide rapid protection from viral infection. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has been shown to act physiologically to induce the expression of gut-homing receptors on lymphocytes. We tested whether the administration of exogenous ATRA during a systemic vaccination of mice could enhance the generation of mucosal CD8(+) T cell immunity, which might represent a strategy for establishing better protection from viral infection via mucosal routes. ATRA induced the expression of CCR9 and α4β7 on both mouse and human CD8(+) T cells activated in vitro. The administration of ATRA to mice during in vivo priming with a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus vector expressing the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein (LCMVgp) (Ad5gp) increased numbers of both effector and memory T cells in intestinal mucosal tissues and showed higher frequencies of systemic central memory-like T cells that exhibited enhanced proliferation during boosting immunization with recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing LCMVgp (MVAgp). Mice that received ATRA during Ad5gp vaccination were more resistant to intravaginal challenge by recombinant vaccinia virus expressing LCMVgp (VVgp), reflecting in part stronger T cell recall responses in situ. Thus, ATRA appears to be useful as an adjuvant during vaccination to increase memory T cell responses and protection from viral infection at mucosal sites and may facilitate the development of more effective vaccines against mucosally transmitted pathogens such as HIV.
Augmentation of antileukemia lytic activity by OKT3 monoclonal antibody: synergism of OKT3 and interleukin-2. (1987)

We have shown that short-term incubation (45 min) of peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal donors with OKT3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb), directed against T-cell-associated antigen CD3, resulted in an acquisition of lytic activity against fresh leukemic cells. Induction of such antileukemia activity was specific for OKT3, since Leu-1 MoAb (directed against another T cell surface molecule, CD5) did not induce a lytic effect. The OKT3-generated antileukemia effect was displayed against various types of leukemia including chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia of various histological subtypes (M1, M2, M5). We furthermore demonstrated that OKT3 MoAb substantially enhanced leukemia killing by interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated killer cells obtained from peripheral blood of patients with leukemia. Of most importance was the observation that the combined treatment of effector cells with IL-2 and OKT3 MoAb resulted in the highest levels of lysis of both autologous and allogeneic fresh leukemic cells that have been observed in leukemic patients to date. Of importance was to note that OKT3 treatment was effective in induction of cytotoxic activity also in patients whose effector cells were unresponsive to stimulation with IL-2 alone. All of these observations suggest that IL-2-activated and OKT3-MoAb-treated effector cells may represent the most aggressive population of antileukemia-directed killer cells and may play a significant role in the treatment of human leukemia.
On unequal error protection with low density parity check codes in scalable video coding (2009)

In this work, we propose an unequal error protection (UEP) scheme for scalable video coding using low density parity check (LDPC) codes. LDPC codes are renowned for their near-capacity performance. In the proposed framework, a video sequence is coded based on scalable video coding (SVC) H.264/AVC standard document. We divide the SVC coded video stream into different sub-streams in terms of time and quality scalability. These sub-streams are channel-coded using low density parity check (LDPC) codes for robustness against channel impairments. LDPC codes with different coding rates are applied for different sub-streams according to the significance level of each sub-stream in order to provide UEP. We develop a probability model for decoding failure using LDPC codes in order to evaluate the bit error rate under different signal-to-noise ratios and delay constraints for an AWGN channel. Further motivated by optimally allocating the bits to maximize the quality of reconstructed video at the decoder against channel induced corruptions, we propose an optimal bit allocation algorithm (OBAA) that optimally allocates the channel coding rates using a dynamic programming approach. We use the proposed probability model in OBAA in order to obtain rate-distortion characteristics of LDPC coded SVC video. The results achieved clearly establish that the proposed UEP scheme can optimally allocate LDPC codes with different coding rates to different sub-streams that significantly decreases the end-to-end distortion of the system as compared to equal error protection (EEP) scheme resulting in greater system throughputs.
Prevention and Regression of Atherosclerosis: Effects of Hmg-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (1996)

Aggressive lipid-lowering therapy using HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors appears to alter the natural progression and promote regression of atherosclerosis in selected patients with established coronary or carotid atherosclerosis. However, it is unlikely that regression of atherosclerosis alone is responsible for the marked reduction in clinical cardiac events seen in these trials.
Automated accident detection and rescue system (2017)

Vehicle accidents cause lot of damage. Early detection and timely action will help a lot in accident situations. Researchers proposed methods to analyze vehicle mounted sensor data to detect accidents. To get a big clear picture, we need to correlate and analyze pieces of sensor data instead of analyzing them independently. Along with it, if we also analyze traveler's health data, it will be helpful to take rescue actions. It may not be straightforward to correlate and analyze all these data sets in real time. A big system and framework is required to do so. An architecture and design methodology is proposed in this paper to analyze the data provided by the vehicle mounted sensors and health data sent by passenger's wearable devices to detect accidents in real time. After detecting the accidents, system assesses the impact of the accident. Then it either alerts relevant people for rescue action or it does needful actions (as described by the domain experts) on its own.
Cobalt Porphyrin–Polypyridyl Surface Coatings for Photoelectrosynthetic Hydrogen Production (2017)

Hybrid materials that link light capture and conversion technologies with the ability to drive reductive chemical transformations are attractive as components in photoelectrosynthetic cells. We show that thin-film polypyridine surface coatings provide a molecular interface to assemble cobalt porphyrin catalysts for hydrogen evolution onto a visible-light-absorbing p-type gallium phosphide semiconductor. Spectroscopic techniques, including grazing angle attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confirm that the cobalt centers of the porphyrin macrocycles coordinate to pyridyl nitrogen sites of the organic surface coating. The cobalt porphyrin surface concentration and fraction of pyridyl sites coordinated to a cobalt center are quantified using complementary methods of ellipsometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In aqueous solutions under simulated solar illumination the modified cathode is photochemically active for hydrogen production, generating the product gas with near-unity Faradaic efficiency at a rate of ≈10 μL min<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> when studied in a three-electrode configuration and polarized at the equilibrium potential of the H<sup>+</sup>/H<sub>2</sub> couple. This equates to a photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction activity of 17.6 H<sub>2</sub> molecules s<sup>-1</sup> Co<sup>-1</sup>, the highest value reported to date for a molecular-modified semiconductor. Key features of the functionalized photocathode include (1) the relative ease of synthetic preparation made possible by application of an organic surface coating that provides molecular recognition sites for immobilizing the cobalt porphyrin complexes at the semiconductor surface and (2) the use of visible light to drive cathodic fuel-forming reactions in aqueous solutions with no added organic acids or sacrificial chemical reductants.
Candidate Gene Analysis in Primary Lymphedema (2008)

We excluded mutation in 21 biological candidate genes as a common cause of primary lymphedema. Mutations in FABP4, NRP2, SOX17 and VCAM1 are consistent with causality and follow up of these four genes are warranted. The evidence for FABP4 harboring lymphedema mutations is discussed.
Thermal Analysis of an Oil Jet-Dry Sump Transmission Gear Under Mixed-Elastohydrodynamic Conditions (2018)

Improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions are key drivers for modern drivetrain systems. Therefore, in recent years, dry sumps with air–oil mist lubrication have been used for efficient transmission design in order to reduce the churning losses. With dry sumps, appropriate cooling measures should be implemented to dissipate the generated contact heat in an efficient manner. This paper integrates a tribological model with three-dimensional (3D) thermofluid analysis in order to predict the heat generated in the lubricated meshing gear contacts and its dissipation rate by an impinging oil jet in air–oil mist environment. Such an approach has not hitherto been reported in literature. The results show that the generated heat under realistic conditions cannot be entirely dissipated by the impinging oil jet in the air–oil mist transmission casing. Numerical results are used to derive extrapolated regressed equations for heat transfer purposes for time-efficient analysis. These conform well with the detailed numerical results.
Fabrication of High Quality Capacitors by Impurity Enhanced Oxidation (1988)

Effects of arsenic implant dose, energy, and annealing on (100) silicon have been investigated in order to develop a polycide/oxide/silicon capacitor structure for insertion into an established 1 μm CMOS process. Implantation of selected active areas produces a heavily doped silicon bottom plate on which a 500Å capacitor dielectric can be grown simultaneously with a 225Å gate oxide. Implant energies of 100 and 150 keV, arsenic doses of to , and a variety of annealing schedules were examined for their affect on 800° and 900°C (dry‐wet‐dry) oxidations in a 4.5% ambient. Aluminum top plate (MIS) and polycide top plate (SIS) capacitors were fabricated on enhanced oxides for electrical evaluation. Parameters were selected to obtain an SIS structure with a high specific capacitance of 68 nf/cm2, a low voltage coefficient (<50 ppm/V), and oxide uniformity comparable to that of the gate oxide.
Studies on Aroylation of o‐Phenylenediamine and Subsequent Reactions with Electrophiles. (2002)

Condensation of o-phenylenediamine 1 with benzoyl chloride in pyridine results in the formation of dibenzoyl derivative 2 irrespective of the molar ratios employed. However, the reaction of 1 with arylsulphonyl chlorides gives a mono 3 and diarylsulphonyl derivative 4 respectively depending upon the stoichiometry used. The reactions of the mono arylsulphonyl derivatives of 1 (i.e. 3) with some electrophilic reagents, such as aromatic aldehydes and acetonylacetone have been described.
A novel optimization design for 3.3 kV injection-enhanced gate transistor (2014)

This paper introduces a homemade injection-enhanced gate transistor (IEGT) with blocking voltage up to 3.7 kV. An advanced cell structure with dummy trench and a large cell pitch is adopted in the IEGT. The carrier concentration at the N-emitter side is increased by the larger cell pitch of the IEGT and it enhances the P—i—N effect within the device. The result shows that the IEGT has a remarkablely low on-state forward voltage drop (VCE(sat)) compared to traditional trench IGBT structures. However, too large cell pitch decreases the channel density of the trench IEGT and increases the voltage drop across the channel, finally it will increase the VCE(sat) of the IEGT. Therefore, the cell pitch selection is the key parameter consideration in the design of the IEGT. In this paper, a cell pitch selection method and the optimal value of 3.3 kV IEGT are presented by simulations and experimental results.