gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The recovery of gold from the aqua regia leachate of electronic parts using a core–shell type anion exchange resin (2017)

A method of processing Wasted Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), and the separation of gold that it contains, is presented within the present work. Due to the fact that the amount of Au in real-life secondary resources covers a broad range of concentrations, the applied solutions were obtained by digesting in aqua regia WEEE characterized by relatively high (Central Processing Units, CPU) and relatively low (Pin Contact Elements, PIN) amounts of gold. The investigated systems were received after processes of enrichment and leaching, ignoring the usually applied WEEE processing reduction and solvent-extraction processes, keeping the amount of generated wastes to a minimum. The obtained CPU and PIN solutions were then directly contacted with core–shell type anion exchange resins functionalized using ethylenediamine and 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine. Application of the designed polymers allowed the process of aqua regia-leaching, omitting the application of other, more harmful agents. The investigated resins revealed great selectivity towards gold. Despite the fact that the obtained solutions contained only 1.5% (CPU) or 0.1% (PIN) of Au, its removal reached 86% and the logarithms of partition coefficients indicate that affinity of the applied resins to gold is almost ten times greater than the very competitive nickel present in the obtained solutions. Finally, the gold-containing core–shell polymers were effectively eluted, recovering 100% of the taken from the solutions gold.
Photoredox Properties of Viologen Linked Porphyrins (1987)

Abstract Viologen linked water-soluble porphyrins (ZnP(CnV)4) with different methylene chain lengths (n=2–5) between porphyrin and viologen were synthesized. These compounds were applied to photoinduced hydrogen evolution in a system containing NADPH–ZnP(CnV)4–hydrogenase under steady state irradiation.
Factors Affecting CAP Outcome (2008)

Patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) often have comorbid conditions and other characteristics that influence outcome but cannot be changed easily. However, several parameters more related to diagnosis and treatment can also affect outcome and are modifiable.

In a recent industry-sponsored, retrospective, multicenter study, researchers in Spain sought to identify factors influencing hospital length of stay (LOS) and mortality. They reviewed the medical records of 3233 …
Experiment of culturing crab from megalopa to III-stage larval (2001)

Crab, reproduced in man-made brackish water, camouflaged by aquatic weed, fed on meal made of crayfish and fresh fish and maintained in qualified water, are cultured seperataly from megalopa to III-stage larval in cage, cement pool and pond. The results show that the larval surviral rate are 75% (cage), 86% (cement pool) and 40.5% (pond) respectively.
Software-synchronized all-optical sampling for fiber communication systems (2005)

This paper describes a software-synchronized all-optical sampling system that presents synchronous eye diagrams and data patterns as well as calculates accurate Q values without requiring clock recovery. A synchronization algorithm is presented that calculates the offset frequency between the data bit rate and the sampling rate, and as a result, synchronous eye diagrams can be presented. The algorithm is shown to be robust toward poor signal quality and adds less than 100-fs timing drift to the eye diagrams. An extension of the software synchronization algorithm makes it possible to automatically find the pattern length of a periodic data pattern in a data signal. As a result, individual pulses can be investigated and detrimental effects present on the data signal can be identified. Noise averaging can also be applied. To measure accurate Q values without clock recovery, a high sampling rate is required in order to establish the noise statistics of the measured signal before any timing drift occurs. This paper presents a system with a 100-MHz sampling rate that measures accurate Q values at bit rates as high as 160 Gb/s. The high bandwidth of the optical sampling system also contributes to sampling more noise, which in turn results in lower Q values compared with conventional electrical sampling with a lower bandwidth. A theory that estimates the optically sampled Q values as a function of the sampling gate width is proposed and experimentally verified.
Contribution to the study of haptic feedback for improving the audiovisual experience (2014)

Les technologies haptiques, stimulant le sens du toucher, sont utilisées depuis des années dans des applications de réalité virtuelle et de téléopération pour accroître l'immersion de l'utilisateur. Elles sont en revanche très peu employées dans les systèmes audiovisuels comme les cinémas. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'exploiter le potentiel des retours haptiques pour les contenus audiovisuels. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous nous intéressons au rendu d'effets haptiques lors du visionnage d'une vidéo. Nous présentons tout d'abord un appareil générant des sensations de mouvements à 6 degrés de liberté. Au lieu de mettre tout le corps de l'utilisateur en mouvement, comme cela est fait avec les simulateurs de mouvements traditionnels, seulement la tête et les mains sont stimulées. Ce dispositif permet ainsi d'enrichir l'expérience audiovisuelle. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux algorithmes de rendu d'effets haptiques dans un contexte audiovisuel. La combinaison de retours haptiques et de séquences vidéo amène de nouveaux problèmes lors du rendu haptique. Nous proposons un nouvel algorithme adapté à ce contexte. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, nous nous concentrons sur la production d'effets haptiques. Premièrement nous présentons un nouvel outil d'édition graphique. Celui-ci propose trois méthodes d'interaction pour créer des effets de mouvement et pour les synchroniser avec une vidéo. De plus, cet outil permet de ressentir les effets créés. Ensuite nous nous penchons sur les combinaisons haptiques et audiovisuelles. Dans une nouvelle approche nommée Cinématographie Haptique, nous explorons le potentiel des effets haptiques pour créer de nouveaux effets dédiés aux réalisateurs de films.
Quantitative 3D Mapping of Fluidic Temperatures within Microchannel Networks Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (2006)

We describe a novel method for quantitatively mapping fluidic temperature with high spatial resolution within microchannels using fluorescence lifetime imaging in an optically sectioning microscope. Unlike intensity-based measurements, this approach is independent of experimental parameters, such as dye concentration and excitation/detection efficiency, thereby facilitating quantitative temperature mapping. Micrometer spatial resolution of 3D temperature distributions is readily achieved with an optical sectioning approach based on two-photon excitation. We demonstrate this technique for mapping of temperature variations across a microfluidic chip under different heating profiles and for mapping of the 3D temperature distribution across a single microchannel under applied flow conditions. This technique allows optimization of the chip design for miniaturized processes, such as on-chip PCR, for which precise temperature control is important.
The Nature of Nucleation Site Interaction (1980)

Bubble emission at a nucleation site is capable of either initiating or terminating bubble emission at an adjacent nucleation site. The former ensues from the creation of a nucleus by a bubble which covers a potentially active nucleation site with its dry spot whereas the latter ensues from interference between a bubble and the nucleus standing at an active nucleation site. Photographic evidence of both these occurrences is presented. Site interaction is at least partly responsible for overlapping of areas of influence surrounding the nucleation sites; the extent of the influence exerted by the emission of bubbles at an active nucleation site is presented herein.
Stage‐dependent increase of orosomucoid and zinc‐alpha <sub>2</sub> ‐glycoprotein in urinary bladder cancer (2005)

Identification and characterization of biomarkers in body fluids such as serum or urine serve as a basis for early detection of diseases, particularly of cancer. Performing 2-DE with subsequent MS analyses, conventional immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry we identified two proteins, orosomucoid (ORM) and human zinc-alpha(2)-glycoprotein (ZAG), which were increased in the urine samples of patients with bladder cancer in comparison to the urine samples of healthy volunteers. The highest amount of both proteins was found in invasive bladder cancer stages such as pT2-3. Immunohistochemical studies showed ORM in inflammatory cells but also in endothelial cells of blood vessels within or adjacent to the tumor area and in part of the tumor cells. ZAG was prominent in tumor cells at the tumor invasion front. Additionally, ZAG was localized at the luminal surface of normal urothelium, which switches to the basal side when a superficial papillary tumor was observed. These results show that we have been able to identify two new proteins that may be related to the development of superficial bladder cancer and to its switch to an invasive phenotype.
LS Rubber—A New Crude Rubber. (1923)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLS Rubber—A New Crude Rubber.Ernest. HopkinsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1923, 15, 12, 1267–1269Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1923Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1923https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50168a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50168a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views17Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of DNA sequence and minor groove selective alkylating agents. (1993)

The syntheses of oligoimidazolecarboxamido analogues of distamycin wherein the N-terminus contains either a benzyl-mustard 8 or chlorambucil moiety 9-11 are reported. Based on data from an ethidium displacement assay and CD studies, these compounds, along with the N-benzoyl mustards 6 and 7, were shown to have increased acceptance of GC-rich sequences over distamycin. Compounds 8-11 which contain an electron-donating group (sigma < 0) para to the bischloroethylamino moiety, were found to have significantly enhanced reactivity with DNA compared to the benzoyl mustards 6 and 7. Through dialysis experiments, the benzyl and chlorambucil mustards were shown to alkylate calf thymus DNA more readily than the benzoyl mustards, presumably due to destabilization of the aziridinium intermediate by the electron-withdrawing (sigma > 0) carboxamido group of the benzoyl compounds. Compounds 8-11 were found to alkylate guanine-N7 in the major groove, while compounds 6 and 7 did not, suggesting that they may have different modes of DNA interaction. Mustards 8-11 were also more efficient than 6 and 7 at producing DNA interstrand cross-links in isolated DNA. In general, for these compounds, the cytotoxicity against human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells and the panel of human tumor cell lines of the National Cancer Institute increased with the number of imidazole moieties. The IC50 values of compounds 7 and 8 were similar, even though the latter compound was at least 100-fold more efficient at forming DNA cross-links in isolated DNA. Similarly, compounds 9-11 were less cytotoxic than 6 and 7, although they were more efficient cross-linkers in isolated DNA. A direct comparison of the three imidazole-containing benzoyl mustard 7 with the corresponding chlorambucil-containing 11 for their ability to form interstrand cross-links in cells revealed that the former compound showed no cross-linking even at doses in excess of the IC50, whereas the latter produced extensive cross-linking. This further suggests that these compounds exert their biological activity through different mechanisms. It is proposed that the aromatic moiety of compounds 8-11, which bind to the minor groove, may be able to intercalate between GC base pairs and the protruding bischloroethylamino group would be positioned to alkylate and cross-link at guanine-N7 sites in the major groove. However, the benzoyl mustards, which have a rigid amino linkage between the imidazole and aromatic-mustard moieties, do not have the flexibility to intercalate into the DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Menadione-(2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) dependent enzymic redox cycling and calcium release by mitochondria (1986)

The results presented in this paper reveal the existence of three distinct menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) reductases in mitochondria: NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase (D,T-diaphorase), NADPH:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase, and NADH:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase. All three enzymes reduce menadione in a two-electron step directly to the hydroquinone form. NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NADH dehydrogenase) and NAD(P)H azoreductase do not participate significantly in menadione reduction. In mitochondrial extracts, the menadione-induced NAD(P)H oxidation occurs beyond stoichiometric reduction of the quinone and is accompanied by O2 consumption. Benzoquinone is reduced more rapidly than menadione but does not undergo redox cycling. In intact mitochondria, menadione triggers oxidation of intramitochondrial pyridine nucleotides, cyanide-insensitive O2 consumption, and a transient decrease of delta psi. In the presence of intramitochondrial Ca2+, the menadione-induced oxidation of pyridine nucleotides is accompanied by their hydrolysis, and Ca2+ is released from mitochondria. The menadione-induced Ca2+ release leaves mitochondria intact, provided excessive Ca2+ cycling is prevented. In both selenium-deficient and selenium-adequate mitochondria, menadione is equally effective in inducing oxidation of pyridine nucleotides and Ca2+ release. Thus, menadione-induced Ca2+ release is mediated predominantly by enzymatic two-electron reduction of menadione, and not by H2O2 generated by menadione-dependent redox cycling. Our findings argue against D,T-diaphorase being a control device that prevents quinone-dependent oxygen toxicity in mitochondria.
Using the web for automated translation extraction in cross-language information retrieval (2004)

There have been significant advances in Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) in recent years. One of the major remaining reasons that CLIR does not perform as well as monolingual retrieval is the presence of out of vocabulary (OOV) terms. Previous work has either relied on manual intervention or has only been partially successful in solving this problem. We use a method that extends earlier work in this area by augmenting this with statistical analysis, and corpus-based translation disambiguation to dynamically discover translations of OOV terms. The method can be applied to both Chinese-English and English-Chinese CLIR, correctly extracting translations of OOV terms from the Web automatically, and thus is a significant improvement on earlier work.
Effect of alloying Ni-Mn-Ga with Cobalt on thermal and structural properties (2010)

Materials showing a large magnetic field induced strain can potentially substitute giant magnetostrictive materials as well as piezoelectrical ceramics in actuating devices. However the magnetic shape memory alloys face several problems for an industrial application. Besides the well known brittleness the temperature-range is still limited due to the structural and magnetic phase transition around 75°C. By alloying one of the most common systems Ni-Mn-Ga with 4.8 at% and 6 at% Cobalt the Martensite temperature was increased up to 422K and the Curie temperature up to 432K. Neutron diffraction experiments were performed on these Ni-Mn-Ga-Co single crystalline samples at room temperature, which show the existence of two different non-modulated martensitic structures. Dependent on the composition, a tetragonal and an orthorhombic structure in single crystalline samples were verified. Furthermore intermartenstic phase transitions above room temperature were determined in several samples alloyed with 6 at% cobalt. A temperature dependent measurement of the structure of Ni44.6Mn29.1Ga20.1Co6.2 showed an orthorhombic phase from room temperature up to 379K changing to a tetragonal intermartensitic phase before reaching the austenitic phase above 389K.
Adenosine kinase is a target for the prediction and prevention of epileptogenesis in mice (2008)

Astrogliosis is a pathological hallmark of the epileptic brain. The identification of mechanisms that link astrogliosis to neuronal dysfunction in epilepsy may provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Here we show that astrocyte-expressed adenosine kinase (ADK), a key negative regulator of the brain inhibitory molecule adenosine, is a potential predictor and modulator of epileptogenesis. In a mouse model of focal epileptogenesis, in which astrogliosis is restricted to the CA3 region of the hippocampus, we demonstrate that upregulation of ADK and spontaneous focal electroencephalographic seizures were both restricted to the affected CA3. Furthermore, spontaneous seizures in CA3 were mimicked in transgenic mice by overexpression of ADK in this brain region, implying that overexpression of ADK without astrogliosis is sufficient to cause seizures. Conversely, after pharmacological induction of an otherwise epileptogenesis-precipitating acute brain injury, transgenic mice with reduced forebrain ADK were resistant to subsequent epileptogenesis. Likewise, ADK-deficient ES cell-derived brain implants suppressed astrogliosis, upregulation of ADK, and spontaneous seizures in WT mice when implanted after the epileptogenesis-precipitating brain injury. Our findings suggest that astrocyte-based ADK provides a critical link between astrogliosis and neuronal dysfunction in epilepsy.
A Clock Generator With Cascaded Dynamic Frequency Counting Loops for Wide Multiplication Range Applications (2006)

This work presents a clock generator with cascaded dynamic frequency counting (DFC) loops for wide multiplication range applications. The DFC loop, which uses variable time period to estimate and tune the frequency of the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), enhances the resolution of frequency detection. The conventional phase-frequency detector (PFD) and programmable divider are replaced with a digital arithmetic comparator and a DCO timing counter. The value in the DCO timing counter is separated into quotient and remainder vectors. A threshold region is set in the remainder vector to reduce the influence of jitter variation in frequency detection. The loop stability can be retained by cascading two DFC loops when the multiplication factor (N) is large. The proposed clock generator achieves a multiplication range from 4 to 13 888 with output peak-to-peak jitter less than 2.8% of clock period. A test chip for the proposed clock generator is fabricated in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process with core area of 0.16 mm/sup 2/. Power consumption is 15 mW @ 378 MHz with 1.8-V supply voltage.
Applied Computational Aerodynamics (1990)

Richly illustrated chapters feature geometric types of problems ranging from the classic airfoil problem to the complexity of complete aircraft such as the 737, 7J7, the F-16, and the Space Shuttle launch configuration. Plus, applications for components are also detailed, including wings, high-lift systems, propulsion system components, and rotors.Featuring a complete overview of all of design developments and studies, with hundreds of illustrations (more than 60 in full color) spanning more than 900 pages, this is truly an impressive resource.
L'économie préhistorique, L. R. Noubier (1972)

George Pierre. L'économie préhistorique, L. R. Noubier. In: Annales de Géographie, t. 81, n°443, 1972. pp. 71-72.
Expression of keratinocyte growth factor in embryonic liver of transgenic mice causes changes in epithelial growth and differentiation resulting in polycystic kidneys and other organ malformations. (1996)

Expression of human keratinocyte growth factor (KGF/FGF-7) was directed to hepatocytes during the later period of mouse gestation using a human apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene promoter and its associated liver-specific enhancer. Human KGF was detectable in liver extracts and serum prepared from e17.5-e19.5 embryos, concomitant with the appearance of morphological abnormalities in several organs which express KGF receptor. The most striking phenotypic aberration in the ApoE-hKGF transgenic embryos was marked hyperplasia and cystic dilation of the cortical and medullary kidney collecting duct system, a phenotype resembling infantile polycystic kidney disease in humans. Transgenic embryos had enlarged livers, with prominent biliary epithelial hyperplasia, and also exhibited enhanced bronchiolar epithelial and type II pneumocyte proliferation. There was variable hyperplasia of intestinal epithelia, and urothelium of the urinary bladder and ureters. When compared to age-matched littermate controls, marked epidermal papillomatous acanthosis and hyperkeratosis in the skin, with a notable decrease in the number of developing hair follicles was seen in transgenic embryos. The pancreas exhibited significant ductal hyperplasia, with an increase in the number of ductal epithelial cells staining positive for insulin expression. High systemic levels of KGF during the latter stages of embryogenesis causes abnormalities in epithelial growth and differentiation within multiple organ systems and results in perinatal lethality. Correct temporal and spatial expression of KGF during the latter stages of organ development is likely to play a critical role in mesenchymal-epithelial signaling required for normal embryonic growth and development.
Radioimmunoassay of 2-Hydroxyestrone in Human Plasma (1971)

Rabbit anti-2-hydroxyestrone antiserum was obtained using 2-hydroxyestrone coupled to bovine serum albumin as the antigen. A radioimmunoassay procedure for 2-hydroxyestrone utilizing the highly specific antiserum was developed and permitted the measurement of this labile material in body fluids. The free 2-hydroxyestrone content of various samples of human plasma was determined and was found to be comparable to the reported values for estrone and estradiol, indicating that the catechol estrogen is an important constituent of the phenolic steroids of human plasma.