gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
XML-based supply chain management-as SIMPLEX as it is (2003)

In this paper we want to examine, to what extent XML is able to support the exchange of business documents in supply chains. Thereby we focus on the problem of converting different data formats of participants of the supply chain. First results show that XML and its surrounding standards of the XML family highly accelerate and simplify the conversion process. Therefore, XML allows using a common standard on a lower level, without reducing variety on a higher level, due to the use of different XML vocabularies. First, we examine different approaches for solving the transformation problem. Second, we show how XML can actually be implemented for a Web-based integration in supply chains. We present a Java-based prototype that enables document exchange over the Internet using XML business vocabularies for document representation, XSLT for document conversion and presentation, and both DOM and SAX for processing and integrating documents into in-house-systems.
Integrating prokaryotes and eukaryotes: DNA transposases in light of structure (2010)

DNA rearrangements are important in genome function and evolution. Genetic material can be rearranged inadvertently during processes such as DNA repair, or can be moved in a controlled manner by enzymes specifically dedicated to the task. DNA transposases comprise one class of such enzymes. These move DNA segments known as transposons to new locations, without the need for sequence homology between transposon and target site. Several biochemically distinct pathways have evolved for DNA transposition, and genetic and biochemical studies have provided valuable insights into many of these. However, structural information on transposases - particularly with DNA substrates - has proven elusive in most cases. On the other hand, large-scale genome sequencing projects have led to an explosion in the number of annotated prokaryotic and eukaryotic mobile elements. Here, we briefly review biochemical and mechanistic aspects of DNA transposition, and propose that integrating sequence information with structural information using bioinformatics tools such as secondary structure prediction and protein threading can lead not only to an additional level of understanding but possibly also to testable hypotheses regarding transposition mechanisms. Detailed understanding of transposition pathways is a prerequisite for the long-term goal of exploiting DNA transposons as genetic tools and as a basis for genetic medical applications.
Precise Synthetic Image and LiDAR (PreSIL) Dataset for Autonomous Vehicle Perception (2019)

We introduce the Precise Synthetic Image and LiDAR (PreSIL) dataset for autonomous vehicle perception. Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V), a commercial video game, has a large detailed world with realistic graphics, which provides a diverse data collection environment. Existing works creating synthetic LiDAR data for autonomous driving with GTA V have not released their datasets, rely on an in-game raycasting function which represents people as cylinders, and can fail to capture vehicles past 30 metres. Our work creates a precise LiDAR simulator within GTA V which collides with detailed models for all entities no matter the type or position. The PreSIL dataset consists of over 50,000 frames and includes high-definition images with full resolution depth information, semantic segmentation (images), point-wise segmentation (point clouds), and detailed annotations for all vehicles and people. Collecting additional data with our framework is entirely automatic and requires no human annotation of any kind. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our dataset by showing an improvement of up to 5% average precision on the KITTI 3D Object Detection benchmark challenge when state-of-the-art 3D object detection networks are pre-trained with our data. The data and code are available at https://tinyurl.com/y3tb9sxy.
Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy With Intermedics Model 024 (Hessburg) Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses (1988)

We report the development of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in 18 eyes following implantation of Pharmacia Intermedics Ophthalmics model 024 (Hessburg) anterior chamber intraocular lenses. Eight of these intraocular lenses were implanted during uncomplicated intracapsular cataract extractions. Mean onset of corneal edema was 21.4 months after lens implantation. Patients with this type of lens already implanted in their eyes require close follow-up for complications.
Using expression arrays for copy number detection: an example from E. coli (2007)

The availability of Affymetrix expression chips for a wide variety of organisms makes the proposed array CGH methodology useful more generally.
Automotive FM Diversity Systems, Part I: Propagation Channel Modeling and Multipath Review (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper represents Part I of a three part series on automotive FM diversity systems. Part I focuses on a review of multipath fading. Part II (2007-01-1732) deals with analog diversity systems which have been developed to combat the effects of this fading in an FM broadcast and Part III (2007-01-1734) discusses new digital implementations of FM diversity systems that have been implemented in DSP algorithms.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper reviews propagation channel modeling and multipath. Three cases are studied: Additive white Gaussian noise channel, the Rician channel and the Rayleigh channel. It is further noted that the Rician and Rayleigh channels can be either flat or frequency selective based on the values of the time delays in the reflected signal paths. When the delays are relatively short the channel acts like a wide filter and the fading acts on all spectral components of the signal equally. When the time delays are long the channel acts like a narrow band filter resulting in frequency selective fading.</div>
Analysis on heart rate variability in primary hypertension patients companied with cerebral hemorrhage (2012)

Objective To understand the clinical significance of heart rate variability in primary hypertension patients companied with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods 40 primary hypertension patients companied with cerebral hemorrhage and 40 simple hypertension patients receiving dynamic electrocardiogram examination in our hospital as well as 40 healthy controls were selected to detect their indicators of heart rate variability with computer.Results The indicators of heart rate variability in primary hypertension patients companied with cerebral hemorrhage and simple hypertension patients were all lower than those in healthy controls(P0.05),and the indicators of heart rate variability in primary hypertension patients companied with cerebral hemorrhage were even lower those in simple hypertension patients,the differences were statistical significant(P0.05).Conclusion The autonomic nerve function is seriously damaged in primary hypertension patients companied with cerebral hemorrhage,the probability of occurrence of serious cardiovascular disease is greater for these patients.
(2')3',5'-Bisphosphate nucleotidase. (1987)

(2')3',5'-Bisphosphate nucleotidase has been prepared in electrophoretically homogeneous form from guinea pig liver. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 2'- or 3'-phosphate from the appropriate nucleoside 2',5'- and 3',5'-bisphosphates and is active with 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate and with coenzyme A but not with ATP. The 40,000-dalton protein is a monomer that requires Mg2+ for activity.
Weighted-Entropy-Based Quantization for Deep Neural Networks (2017)

Quantization is considered as one of the most effective methods to optimize the inference cost of neural network models for their deployment to mobile and embedded systems, which have tight resource constraints. In such approaches, it is critical to provide low-cost quantization under a tight accuracy loss constraint (e.g., 1%). In this paper, we propose a novel method for quantizing weights and activations based on the concept of weighted entropy. Unlike recent work on binary-weight neural networks, our approach is multi-bit quantization, in which weights and activations can be quantized by any number of bits depending on the target accuracy. This facilitates much more flexible exploitation of accuracy-performance trade-off provided by different levels of quantization. Moreover, our scheme provides an automated quantization flow based on conventional training algorithms, which greatly reduces the design-time effort to quantize the network. According to our extensive evaluations based on practical neural network models for image classification (AlexNet, GoogLeNet and ResNet-50/101), object detection (R-FCN with 50-layer ResNet), and language modeling (an LSTM network), our method achieves significant reductions in both the model size and the amount of computation with minimal accuracy loss. Also, compared to existing quantization schemes, ours provides higher accuracy with a similar resource constraint and requires much lower design effort.
Neural network based design of metagratings (2018)

Metagratings are flat and thin surfaces that rely on unique, periodically repeating (non-gradient), arbitrary shaped light scattering units for wave manipulation. However, the absence of an empirical relationship between the structural and diffraction properties of the units enforces utilization of brute force numerical optimization techniques to determine the unit shape for a desired application. Here, we present an artificial neural network based methodology to develop a fast-paced numerical relationship between the two. We demonstrate the training and the performance of a numerical function, utilizing simulated diffraction efficiencies of a large set of units, that can instantaneously mimic the optical response of any other arbitrary shaped unit of the same class. We validate the performance of the trained neural network on a previously unseen set of test samples and discuss the statistical significance. We then utilize the virtually instantaneous network operations to inverse design the metagrating unit shapes for a desired diffraction efficiency distribution. The proposed inter-disciplinary combination of advanced information processing techniques with Maxwell's equation solvers opens a pathway for the fast-paced prediction of metagrating designs rather than full wave computation.
Characterization of mechanisms involved in transrepression of NF-kappa B by activated glucocorticoid receptors. (2020)

Glucocorticoids are potent immunosuppressants which work in part by inhibiting cytokine gene transcription. We show here that NF-kappa B, an important regulator of numerous cytokine genes, is functionally inhibited by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX). In transfection experiments, DEX treatment in the presence of cotransfected glucocorticoid receptor (GR) inhibits NF-kappa B p65-mediated gene expression and p65 inhibits GR activation of a glucocorticoid response element. Evidence is presented for a direct interaction between GR and the NF-kappa B subunits p65 and p50. In addition, we demonstrate that the ability of p65, p50, and c-rel subunits to bind DNA is inhibited by DEX and GR. In HeLa cells, DEX activation of endogenous GR is sufficient to block tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1 activation of NF-kappa B at the levels of both DNA binding and transcriptional activation. DEX treatment of HeLa cells also results in a significant loss of nuclear p65 and a slight increase in cytoplasmic p65. These data reveal a second mechanism by which NF-kappa B activity may be regulated by DEX. We also report that RU486 treatment of wild-type GR and DEX treatment of a transactivation mutant of GR each can significantly inhibit p65 activity. In addition, we found that the zinc finger domain of GR is necessary for the inhibition of p65. This domain is also required for GR repression of AP-1. Surprisingly, while both AP-1 and NF-kappa B can be inhibited by activated GR, synergistic NF-kappa B/AP-1 activity is largely unaffected. These data suggest that NF-kappa B, AP-1, and GR interact in a complex regulatory network to modulate gene expression and that cross-coupling of NF-kappa B and GR plays an important role in glucocorticoid-mediated repression of cytokine transcription.
Ras Isoform-Specific Signaling: Location, Location, Location (2001)

The proteins that compose the Ras family of small guanosine triphosphatases share a remarkably high degree of sequence similarity, yet recent evidence indicates that they may have unique biological properties. How is it that similar proteins carry out different jobs in the cell? Wolfman addresses this question by surveying recent reports that indicate that different biological roles may be born out of distinct subcellular localizations of the Ras proteins. It appears that the small differences in their amino acid sequences and their different posttranslational modifications may be all that is necessary to direct various Ras proteins to different sites.
Segment delay faults: a new fault model (2002)

We propose a segment delay fault model to represent any general delay defect ranging from a spot defect to a distributed defect. The segment length, L, is a parameter that can be chosen based on available statistics about the types of manufacturing defects. Once L is chosen, the fault list contains all segments of length L and paths whose entire lengths are less than L. Both rising and falling transitions at the origin of segments are considered. Choosing segments of a small length can prevent an explosion of the number of faults considered. At the same time, a defect over a segment may be large enough to affect any path passing through it. We present an efficient algorithm to compute the number of segments of any possible length in a circuit. We define various classes of segment delay fault tests-robust, transition, and non-robust-that offer a trade-off between fault coverage and quality.
Statistics of bipolar representation of CMB maps (2012)

Gaussianity of temperature fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) implies that the statistical properties of the temperature field can be completely characterized by its two-point correlation function. The two-point correlation function can be expanded in full generality in the Bipolar Spherical Harmonic (BipoSH) basis. Looking for significant deviations from zero for BipoSH coefficients derived from observed CMB maps forms the basis of the strategy used to detect isotropy violation. In order to quantify ``significant deviation'' we need to understand the distributions of these coefficients. We analytically evaluate the moments and the distribution of the coefficients of expansion (${A}_{{l}_{1}{l}_{2}}^{LM}$), using the characteristic function approach. We show that for BipoSH coefficients with $M=0$ an analytical form for the moments up to any arbitrary order can be derived. For the remaining BipoSH coefficients with $M\ensuremath{\ne}0$, the moments derived using the characteristic function approach need to be supplemented with a correction term. The correction term is found to be important particularly at low multipoles. We provide a general prescription for calculating these corrections, however we restrict the explicit calculations only up to kurtosis. We confirm our results with measurements of BipoSH coefficients on numerically simulated statistically isotropic CMB maps.
Mutations in <i>KCND3</i> cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 22 (2012)

Our data identify the cause of SCA19/22 in patients of diverse ethnic origins as mutations in KCND3. These findings further emphasize the important role of ion channels as key regulators of neuronal excitability in the pathogenesis of cerebellar degeneration.
Therapie der chronischen Hepatitis B: Resistenzmechanismen gegen Hemmer der HBV-Polymerase (2009)

In den vergangenen Jahren wurde auf dem Gebiet der Behandlung der chronischen Hepatitis B eine Reihe von neuen Präparaten auf den Markt gebracht, die eine willkommene Bereicherung unserer therapeutischen Optionen darstellt. Derzeit sind 7 Medikamente für die Behandlung der chronischen Hepatitis B zugelassen. Standard-Interferon-&#945;2, pegyliertes Interferon-&#945;2, Lamuvidin (LAM), Adefovir (ADF), Entecavir (ETV), Telbivudin (LdT) und Tenovofir (TDF) [1]. Während bei Standardinterferon und pegyliertem Interferon virale Resistenzentwicklungen nicht auftreten, ist dies bei den Nukleosid/ Nukleotid-Analoga häufig der Fall. Die Entwicklung von resistenten HBV-Mutanten stellt eine zunehmende therapeutische Herausforderung dar; durch sorgfältige Selektion der eingesetzten Therapeutika und häufiges virologisches Monitoring des Patienten sollte eine ungebremste Resistenzentwicklung jedoch verhindert werden können.
Impact of low pressure long throw sputtering method on submicron copper metallization (2002)

Cu metallization technology using sputtered Cu wiring and W-plug is developed. Submicron trenches for wiring with up to 0.4 /spl mu/m width are filled with Cu by a low-pressure long-throw sputtering method followed by a reflow process. Blanket-W CVD with a sputtered W barrier is used for via filling. Using these technologies, multilevel Cu interconnect test structures are fabricated successfully.
The Guinea Pig as an Animal Model for Asthma (2008)

Experimental guinea pig asthma is a reliable and clinically relevant facsimile of human disease. The guinea pig is the preferred choice for use as a model of allergic bronchial asthma in the evaluation of anti-asthmatic drugs, since the airway anatomy and the response to inflammatory mediators is similar to humans. Further, the great strength of this model is the direct anaphylactic bronchoconstriction upon antigen challenge. Under certain conditions a late asthmatic response can be measured and airway hyperresponsiveness is observed in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the inflammatory response is comparable with the human situation. More recent studies describe a chronic model for asthma in which airway remodeling is induced as can be observed in the asthmatic patients. The focus here is to demonstrate that guinea pig asthma models are useful for testing novel therapeutics.
Characterization of prodromal symptoms in a large population of patients with hereditary angio-oedema (2014)

The results of this survey may aid the management of C1-HAE by recognizing that prodromal symptoms are of value in predicting the onset of an attack of angio-oedema and in diagnosing the condition.
Programmable Laser-Assisted Surface Microfabrication on a Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Coated Glass Chip with Self-Changing Cell Adhesivity for Heterotypic Cell Patterning (2015)

Organs are composed of heterotypic cells with patterned architecture that enables intercellular interaction to perform specific functions. In tissue engineering, the ability to pattern heterotypic cells into desired arrangement will allow us to model complex tissues in vitro and to create tissue equivalents for regeneration. This study was aimed at developing a method for fast heterotypic cell patterning with controllable topological manipulation on a glass chip. We found that poly(vinyl alcohol)-coated glass showed a biphasic change in adhesivity to cells in vitro: low adhesivity in the first 24 h and higher adhesivity at later hours due to increased serum protein adsorption. Combining programmable CO2 laser ablation to remove poly(vinyl alcohol) and glass, we were able to create arrays of adhesive microwells of adjustable patterns. We tested whether controllable patterns of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction could be created. When skin dermal papilla cells and fibroblasts were seeded respectively 24 h apart, we were able to pattern these two cells into aggregates of dermal papilla cells in arrays of microwells in a background of fibroblasts sheet. Seeded later, keratinocytes attached to these mesenchymal cells. Keratinocytes contacting dermal papilla cells started to differentiate toward a hair follicle fate, demonstrating patternable epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. This method allows fast adjustable heterotypic cell patterning and surface topology control and can be applied to the investigation of heterotypic cellular interaction and creation of tissue equivalent in vitro.
Accurate eigenvalue decomposition of arrowhead matrices and applications (2013)

We present a new algorithm for solving an eigenvalue problem for a real symmetric arrowhead matrix. The algorithm computes all eigenvalues and all components of the corresponding eigenvectors with high relative accuracy in $O(n^{2})$ operations. The algorithm is based on a shift-and-invert approach. Double precision is eventually needed to compute only one element of the inverse of the shifted matrix. Each eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector can be computed separately, which makes the algorithm adaptable for parallel computing. Our results extend to Hermitian arrowhead matrices, real symmetric diagonal-plus-rank-one matrices and singular value decomposition of real triangular arrowhead matrices.
Role of Various Enterotoxins in <i>Aeromonas hydrophila-</i> Induced Gastroenteritis: Generation of Enterotoxin Gene-Deficient Mutants and Evaluation of Their Enterotoxic Activity (2002)

Three enterotoxins from the Aeromonas hydrophila diarrheal isolate SSU have been molecularly characterized in our laboratory. One of these enterotoxins is cytotoxic in nature, whereas the other two are cytotonic enterotoxins, one of them heat labile and the other heat stable. Earlier, by developing an isogenic mutant, we demonstrated the role of a cytotoxic enterotoxin in causing systemic infection in mice. In the present study, we evaluated the role of these three enterotoxins in evoking diarrhea in a murine model by developing various combinations of enterotoxin gene-deficient mutants by marker-exchange mutagenesis. A total of six isogenic mutants were prepared in a cytotoxic enterotoxin gene (act)-positive or -negative background strain of A. hydrophila. We developed two single knockouts with truncation in either the heat-labile (alt) or the heat-stable (ast) cytotonic enterotoxin gene; three double knockouts with truncations of genes encoding (i) alt and ast, (ii) act and alt, and (iii) act and ast genes; and a triple-knockout mutant with truncation in all three genes, act, alt, and ast. The identity of these isogenic mutants developed by double-crossover homologous recombination was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Northern and Western blot analyses revealed that the expression of different enterotoxin genes in the mutants was correspondingly abrogated. We tested the biological activity of these mutants in a diet-restricted and antibiotic-treated mouse model with a ligated ileal loop assay. Our data indicated that all of these mutants had significantly reduced capacity to evoke fluid secretion compared to that of wild-type A. hydrophila; the triple-knockout mutant failed to induce any detectable level of fluid secretion. The biological activity of selected A. hydrophila mutants was restored after complementation. Taken together, we have established a role for three enterotoxins in A. hydrophila-induced gastroenteritis in a mouse model with the greatest contribution from the cytotoxic enterotoxin Act, followed by the Alt and Ast cytotonic enterotoxins.