gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping Molecular Orientation with Phase Sensitive Vibrationally Resonant Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy (2013)

We demonstrate a phase sensitive, vibrationally resonant sum-frequency generation (PSVR-SFG) microscope that combines high resolution, fast image acquisition speed, chemical selectivity, and phase sensitivity. Using the PSVR-SFG microscope, we generate amplitude and phase images of the second-order susceptibility of collagen I fibers in rat tail tendon tissue on resonance with the methylene vibrations of the protein. We find that the phase of the second-order susceptibility shows dependence on the effective polarity of the fibril bundles, revealing fibrous collagen domains of opposite orientations within the tissue. The presence of collagen microdomains in tendon tissue may have implications for the interpretation of the mechanical properties of the tissue.
Coding constructions for blacklisting problems without computational assumptions (1999)

. We consider the broadcast exclusion problem: how to transmit a message over a broadcast channel shared by N = 2 n users so that all but some specified coalition of k excluded users can understand the contents of the message. Using error-correcting codes, and avoiding any computational assumptions in our constructions, we construct natural schemes that completely avoid any dependence on n in the transmission overhead. Specifically, we construct: (i) (for illustrative purposes,) a randomized scheme where the server&apos;s storage is exponential (in n), but the transmission overhead is O(k), and each user&apos;s storage is O(kn); (ii) a scheme based on polynomials where the transmission overhead is O(kn) and each user&apos;s storage is O(kn); and (iii) a scheme using algebraic-geometric codes where the transmission overhead is O(k 2 ) and each user is required to store O(kn) keys. In the process of proving these results, we show how to construct very good cover-free set systems and co...
Incrementally maintaining classification using an RDBMS (2011)

The proliferation of imprecise data has motivated both researchers and the database industry to push statistical techniques into relational database management systems (RDBMSes). We study strategies to maintain model-based views for a popular statistical technique, classification , inside an RDBMS in the presence of updates (to the set of training examples). We make three technical contributions: (1) A strategy that incrementally maintains classification inside an RDBMS. (2) An analysis of the above algorithm that shows that our algorithm is optimal among all deterministic algorithms (and asymptotically within a factor of 2 of a non-deterministic optimal strategy). (3) A novel hybrid-architecture based on the technical ideas that underlie the above algorithm which allows us to store only a fraction of the entities in memory. We apply our techniques to text processing, and we demonstrate that our algorithms provide an order of magnitude improvement over non-incremental approaches to classification on a variety of data sets, such as the Citeseer and DBLife.
Immunotherapeutic effects of IL-7 during a chronic viral infection in mice (2011)

Viral persistence during chronic viral infections is associated with a progressive loss of T-cell effector function called functional exhaustion. There is therefore a need to develop immunotherapies to remediate the functional deficits of T cells during these infections. We investigated the immunotherapeutic effects of IL-7 during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice. Our results showed that the effects of IL-7 on T cells depend on the viral load, timing, and duration of treatment during the course of the infection. We document that the effectiveness of IL-7 was constrained by high viral load early in the infection, but treatment for at least 3 weeks during declining viral titers mitigated the programmed contraction of CD8 T cells, markedly enhanced the number of high-quality polyfunctional virus-specific CD8 T cells with a nonexhausted phenotype, and accelerated viral control. Mechanistically, the enhancement of CD8 T-cell responses by IL-7 was associated with increased proliferation and induction of Bcl-2, but not with altered levels of PD-1 or Cbl-b. In summary, our results strongly suggest that IL-7 therapy is a potential strategy to bolster the quality and quantity of T-cell responses in patients with chronic viral infections.
Synthesis, Physical Properties and Structural Relationships of New, End-Chain Substituted Nematic Liquid Crystals (1987)

Abstract New nematic liquid crystalline phenylcyclohexanes with (i) a terminal side-chain vinylic group some distance from the rigid core and (ii) both polar and non-polar terminal side-chain groups, were synthesized. Investigations of their elastic, birefringence, dielectric and rotational viscous properties have shown several new odd-even effects. These are attributed to side-chain Simultaneous odd-even effects were found for δ, δn, k 33/k11 and K = k 11 + (k 33 - 2k 22)/4. Furthermore, unusually low twist elastic constants, k 22 were obtained for polar 6-alkenyls as well as for compounds exhibiting groups with permanent dipole moments in even side-chain positions.
Preparation of a Promising Angiogenesis PET Imaging Agent: <sup>68</sup>Ga-Labeled c(RGDyK)–Isothiocyanatobenzyl-1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-Triacetic Acid and Feasibility Studies in Mice (2008)

Stable (68)Ga-NOTA-RGD was obtained in a straightforward manner at a high yield and showed a high affinity for alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, specific uptake by angiogenic muscles, a high level of uptake by tumors, and rapid renal excretion. (68)Ga-NOTA-RGD was found to be a promising radioligand for the imaging of angiogenesis.
An examination of facet formation during solid phase epitaxy of line-shaped amorphized regions in (001) and (011) Si (2007)

The shapes of the recrystallization fronts observed during solid phase epitaxy (SPE) in line-shaped amorphized Si (a-Si) regions in single-crystal (001) and (011) Si are shown to exhibit a complex time evolution inconsistent with simple models in which regrowth behavior is determined exclusively by the competition between fixed-growth-rate lateral and vertical SPE. We find that the main features of our data for ⟨110⟩-aligned a-Si lines may be explained by the propensity of the lateral and vertical growth fronts to form stable a-Si∕{111} interfaces at their edges. These same a-Si∕{111} interfaces have been previously implicated as the root cause of the trench-edge defects produced during the recrystallization of patterned a-Si regions bounded laterally by oxide-filled trenches. An extension of a nanofacet model recently developed to explain the trench-edge defects is shown to explain many of the observed recrystallization behaviors.
Growth of thick GaN layers on 4‐in. and 6‐in. silicon (111) by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy (2011)

Abstract In this paper, we report on the growth of thick gallium nitride (GaN) layers on 4‐in. and 6‐in., (111)‐orientated silicon substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Up to 4 µm thick continuous GaN layers have been obtained by inserting both SiN and AlN interlayers into the structure. With dislocation densities of about 1‐2×10 9 cm ‐2 and GaN(002) and (302) X‐ray rocking curve full widths at half maximum of 420 and 1360 arcsec for 4‐in. and 374 and 810 arcsec for 6‐in., respectively, the final continuous GaN layer exhibits excellent crystalline properties (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Weighting of constraints in fuzzy optimization (2002)

Many practical optimization problems are characterized by some flexibility in the problem constraints, where this flexibility can be exploited for additional trade-off between improving the objective function and satisfying the constraints. Fuzzy sets have proven to be a suitable representation for modeling this type of soft constraints. The paper proposes an extension of this model for satisfying the problem constraints and the goals, where preference for different constraints and goals can be specified by the decision-maker. The difference in the preference for the constraints is represented by a set of associated weight factors, which influence the amount of trade-off between improving the optimization objectives and satisfying various constraints. Simultaneous weighted satisfaction of the problem constraints and goals are demonstrated by using a fuzzy linear programming problem.
LIGHT MODULATION BY MEANS OF THE STARK EFFECT IN MOLECULAR GASES—APPLICATION TO CO2 LASERS (1969)

The molecular Stark effect in gases may be used to modify the output of lasers in a systematic fashion, and may therefore be used as the basic constituent in a modulator element to control a laser beam. Experimental data for various CO2 laser lines and a number of electro-optic gases external to the laser cavity show amplitude modulation up to 20% for about 25% absorption and electric fields of the order of 1 kV/cm.
A Case of Neonatal Septic Arthritis Caused by Group B Streptococcus (2014)

Group B streptococcus (also indicated as streptococcus agalactiae) is a well-known cause of severe infections in younginfants but also an unusual microorganism to be isolated in case of septic arthritis, especially in newborns in Korea. Wereport a case of monoarticular septic arthritis caused by group B streptococcus in a 22-day-old baby.
Matching models to data: a receptor pharmacologist's guide (2010)

This article is part of a themed section on Analytical Receptor Pharmacology in Drug Discovery. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2010.161.issue-6.
Complete fashion coordinator (2010)

For some people, selecting the clothes you wear is sometimes tedious, difficult and requires you to remember what you have previously worn. While there are many fashion SNS (Social Networking Services) sites and related research devoted to addressing certain aspects of this issue, there is no system that combines both the automated cataloguing of one's own clothes with near real-time recommendation by their social network. In this paper, we propose a novel system which allows users to easily organize and optimize their daily clothing selection based on historical data. By combining historical information about what the user has worn with several options such as the user's planned activities and the weather, it can help the user in coordinating what to wear. In order to simplify and automate the capture, storage and cataloging of image of the users clothing, we propose a system which allows for the automatic and standardized capturing of a person's clothes by simply hanging an item on a hook built into a cabinet. Furthermore, by utilizing the internet and common SNS sites, it allows friends, family living apart and/or romantic couples to seamlessly share the catalogued photos of their clothes, initiate conversation and help select what is appropriate to wear.
Stickiness Problem Associated with Spray Drying of Sugar and Acid Rich Foods: A Mini Review (2015)

Spray drying is the most common technique used in food industries for large scale production of milk powders, fruit juice powders, encapsulated flavor etc. However spray drying of sugar and acid rich food materials is associated with stickiness problem. On spray drying of these food materials, the powder particles stick to one another and to the walls of the dryer, leading to the operational problems and low product yield. The sticky behavior is attributed to presence of low molecular weight sugars and organic acids which have low glass transition temperature. In order to achieve successful drying, various methods like addition of high molecular weight drying aids to increase glass transition temperature of feed mixture, use of low humidity and low temperature conditions, scrapping of dryer surfaces, cooling of dryer wall by using dehumidified air and surface modification by proteins to encapsulate sugars can be used.
Assembly of outer membrane lipoprotein in an Escherichia coli mutant with a single amino acid replacement within the signal sequence of prolipoprotein (1980)

We have compared the rate of assembly of outer membrane proteins including the lipoprotein in a pair of isogenic mlpA+ (lpp+) and mlpA (lpp) strains by pulse-chase experiments. The rate of assembly of the mutant prolipoprotein into the outer membrane was slightly slower than that of the wild-type lipoprotein. The rate of assembly of protein I and protein H-2 was similar in the wild type and the mutant, whereas the rate of assembly of protein II into the outer membrane was slightly reduced in the mutant strain. The organization of outer membrane was slightly reduced in the mutant strain. The organization of outer membrane proteins in the mutant cells appeared not to be grossly altered, based on the apparent resistance (or susceptibility) of these proteins toward trypsin treatment and their resistance to solubilization by Sarkosyl. Like the wild-type lipoprotein, the mutant prolipoprotein in the outer membrane was resistant to trypsin. On the other hand, the prolipoprotein in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction of the mutant cell envelope was susceptible to trypsin digestion. We conclude from these data that proteolytic cleavage of prolipoprotein is not essential for the translocation and proper assembly of lipoprotein into outer membrane.
Use of Electrochemical By‐Products in Glass Making: I . Arsenic, Selenium, Tellurium (1932)

The conclusions that can be drawn from the work of the many serious investigators cited are : Arsenious oxide takes oxygen during the early stages of a melt and is a balancing agent in insuring lack of color in the finished glass. Used in reasonable amounts in soda lime glasses, its effects are beneficial except as claimed by some investigators that glasses may turn yellow under solar radiation. Converting ferrous ion to ferric ion, arsenious oxide facilitates penetration of heat rays into the melt, resulting in higher furnace temperatures or in fuel economy. It facilitates fining in lead glasses, but is objectionable where these must be subjected to subsequent heating as in the lamp work on tubing which may darken. The presence of arsenious acid in chemical glassware is undesirable. Its stirring action in glass melting is doubtful. Its influence as a flux is questionable. Finally, the effects produced by arsenic are evidently desirable in many instances. Although selenium was first employed in 1865 by Pelouze, comparatively little is as yet definitely known regarding its chemistry in glass making. From 0.5 to 1.0 per cent of selenium is employed extensively in the manufacture of red zinc glasses under reducing conditions. Less selenium is required for the desired color in potash glasses than in soda glasses. Selenium apparently is as effective in color production as the selenites and is less expensive on the basis of equivalent weights of the element. The black variety is commonly employed. Cadmium sulfide is employed with selenium in practically all the desirable red glasses. Carbon or sulfur is usually employed as a reducing agent in selenium red glasses. Arsenious or antimonious oxides are employed in selenium red glasses and the former is superior. The selenium red color is usually brought out under heat treatment. A number of arseno‐sulfur compounds of selenium which range from light red to purplish black, are known. Investigations are under way to determine whether these are formed in selenium red glasses and whether the compounds may be utilized directly for the production of the color. Investigations by the author are under way to determine whether the color produced is due to colloids or to selenium compounds. If the latter is true, an attempt will be made to determine their nature. Under oxidizing conditions in lime glasses containing potash, and practically free from iron, selenium produces a pink color. In soda lime glasses, the element produces an orange color in the presence of a reducing agent. In lead glasses, the element produces an amber color in the presence of niter. Selenium is effectively employed in low concentrations as a decolorizing agent, especially for soda lime glasses. Arsenious oxide serves as a control. Investigations on tellurium indicate color producing tendencies like those of selenium. No commercial applications have as yet been made. Further investigations may render these possible.
PXL01 in Sodium Hyaluronate for Improvement of Hand Recovery after Flexor Tendon Repair Surgery: Randomized Controlled Trial (2014)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01022242; EU Clinical Trials 2009-012703-25.
Nonlinear principal component analysis-based on principal curves and neural networks (2005)

Many applications of principal component analysis (PCA) can be found in the literature. But principal component analysis is a linear method, and most engineering problems are nonlinear. Sometimes using the linear PCA method in nonlinear problems can bring distorted and misleading results. So there is a need for a nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) method. The principal curve algorithm was a breakthrough of solving the NLPCA problem, but the algorithm does not yield an NLPCA model which can be used for predictions. In this paper the authors present an NLPCA method which integrates the principal curve algorithm and neural networks. The results on both simulated and real problems show that the method is excellent for solving nonlinear principal component problems. Potential applications of NLPCA are also discussed in this paper.
Selective siRNA-mediated suppression of 5-HT1A autoreceptors evokes strong anti-depressant-like effects (2011)

Depression is a major health problem worldwide. Most prescribed anti-depressants, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) show limited efficacy and delayed onset of action, partly due to the activation of somatodendritic 5-HT(1A)-autoreceptors by the excess extracellular serotonin (5-HT) produced by SSRI in the raphe nuclei. Likewise, 5-HT(1A) receptor (5-HT(1A)R) gene polymorphisms leading to high 5-HT(1A)-autoreceptor expression increase depression susceptibility and decrease treatment response. In this study, we report on a new treatment strategy based on the administration of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) to acutely suppress 5-HT(1A)-autoreceptor-mediated negative feedback mechanisms. We developed a conjugated siRNA (C-1A-siRNA) by covalently binding siRNA targeting 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA with the SSRI sertraline in order to concentrate it in serotonin axons, rich in serotonin transporter (SERT) sites. The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of C-1A-siRNA to mice resulted in its selective accumulation in serotonin neurons. This evoked marked anti-depressant-like effects in the forced swim and tail suspension tests, but did not affect anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus-maze. In parallel, C-1A-siRNA administration markedly decreased 5-HT(1A)-autoreceptor expression and suppressed 8-OH-DPAT-induced hypothermia (a pre-synaptic 5-HT(1A)R effect in mice) without affecting post-synaptic 5-HT(1A)R expression in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Moreover, i.c.v. C-1A-siRNA infusion augmented the increase in extracellular serotonin evoked by fluoxetine in prefrontal cortex to the level seen in 5-HT(1A)R knockout mice. Interestingly, intranasal C-1A-siRNA administration produced the same effects, thus opening the way to the therapeutic use of C-1A-siRNA. Hence, C-1A-siRNA represents a new approach to treat mood disorders as monotherapy or in combination with SSRI.
Conformational properties of 5-alkoxy and 5-alkyl substituted trimethylene phosphates in solution (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational properties of 5-alkoxy and 5-alkyl substituted trimethylene phosphates in solutionJohn A. Gerlt, Neal I. Gutterson, Reed E. Drews, and Jay A. SokolowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5, 1665–1670Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00525a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00525a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dehydroepiandrosterone and related steroids induce multilamellar lipid structures in cultured human endothelial cells. (1990)

Pharmacologic doses of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid hormone produced naturally by the adrenal cortex, may lower plasma lipoprotein levels in humans and reduce the severity of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Effects of DHEA on cells of the vascular wall, particularly endothelial cells (EC), which are in direct contact with the plasma, have not been documented. The authors have found that micromolar doses of DHEA induce a consistent and reversible morphologic change in cultured EC derived from the human umbilical vein. During 24 hours of exposure to DHEA, cultured EC became loaded with phase-dense, perinuclear cytoplasmic granules, which persisted while DHEA remained in the culture medium. Certain steroids related to DHEA, particularly 17-ketosteroids, also induced perinuclear cytoplasmic granules. The granules lost their phase-density after fixed monolayers were extracted using ethanol or methanol. The granules did not form in media made with lipoprotein-deficient serum, suggesting that serum lipoproteins were involved in formation of the granules. Ultrastructurally, the granules were identical to multilamellar lipid structures, a type of pleomorphic lipid-containing lysosome found in foam cells. The granules were identified as lysosomes by positive reaction for acid phosphatase. The mechanism by which DHEA induces formation of lysosomal lipid structures remains to be determined.
Eye blink detection based on multiple Gabor response waves (2008)

Eye blink detection is useful in many applications, such as human-computer interface, driver awareness detection, and so on. Here we consider eye blink as an evidence of liveness to exclude using some fakes, mainly 2D photographs, to spoof face recognition systems. The detection of eye blink is done by signal analysis of multi-scale and multi-orientation Gabor responses of eye images. First, based on Gabor decomposition, we derive multiple Gabor response waves (GRW) and show some of them are homo-responsive to the behavior of eye blink. Second, probable blinking signals contained in GRWs are segmented out and reshaped into pulses. Third, the ratio of the union to the intersection (RUI) of the reshaped pulses is proposed as the indicator of the extent of eye blink. Our method has successfully detected eye blink under various conditions and can be applied to liveness detection in video-based face recognition system.