gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Word Lip Reading in Various Tones (2010)

The most of the traditional works concerned with lip reading was used the utterance scene to utter in a clear tone, and has not referred about the relation between the utterance tone and recognition result. This paper describes the word lip reading in various tones. The basic algorithm of this paper is based on the previous work. But, the utterance tone is different from the traditional research. We set Japanese 25 words as the target, and took two kinds of utterance scenes with ten speakers, one is utterance in a clear and firm tone, and the other is in a relaxed tone. As the result, the averaging recognition rates of 79.3% and 65.7% were obtained, respectively. These results indicated that the motion of the clear lip improved the recognition accuracy. In additional experiment, the averaging recognition rates of 84.9% and 75.3% were obtained with 20 words.
Microporous Polyimide Films for Reduced Dielectric Applications (1994)

Abstract With all the advances in the microelectronics industry, a limiting factor to computer chip speed and size is becoming the dielectric constant of the interlayer insulating materials. Dielectric constants of these layers have been reduced in going from inorganic to organic type materials. A further reduction in dielectric constant, coupled with better mechanical properties are still required for these types of materials. We have developed a technique involving spincoating in conjunction with a thermodynamic process called “Non-solvent Induced Phase Separation” (NSIPS) to create microporous polyimide films that exhibit both a lower dielectric constant and better stress reduction properties compared to their solid film counterparts. In this technique, we spincoat a soluble polyimide solution in 1,3-dimethoxybenzene solvent onto a silicon wafer, and then immediately submerse the “wet” polymer film into a non-solvent bath, typically toluene. Phase separation of the polymer occurs on a micron size scale and the resulting microporous structure becomes locked in by the high glass transition temperature of the polyimide. We have determined the factors affecting the film morphology, thickness, pore size, and percent porosity; these factors include the polymer concentration, spin speed, and the type of non-solvent used. The different morphologies obtained for the varying non-solvents are explained in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics of phase separation and diffusion, using an idealized ternary phase diagram. One particular film having a porosity of 68%, thickness of 22 microns and pore size of 1.4 microns had a measured dielectric constant of 1.88 and dielectric loss of 0.002. Stress measurements indicated that the microporous film reduced surface stress on the wafer by more than a factor of 10 when compared to the analogous solid polyimide film.
Rapid communication: nucleotide sequence of porcine and ovine tRNA(Lys) and ATPase8 mitochondrial genes. (1998)

Journal Article Rapid communication: nucleotide sequence of porcine and ovine tRNALys and ATPase8 mitochondrial genes Get access Marco Tartaglia, Marco Tartaglia 2Reparto di Genetica Molecolare, Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ernestina Saulle Ernestina Saulle 2Reparto di Genetica Molecolare, Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Animal Science, Volume 76, Issue 8, August 1998, Pages 2207–2208, https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.7682207x Published: 01 August 1998 Article history Received: 30 December 1997 Accepted: 31 March 1998 Published: 01 August 1998
Non-native pronunciation modeling in the safesound project: A comparison between acoustic and lexical modeling (2006)

Dit onderzoek laat zien dat spraakherkenning van spraak met buitenlandse accenten verbetert door het toevoegen van uitspraakvarianten en door het aanpassen van de akoestische modellen met spraakopnamens van deze buitenlandse accenten
Bell's palsy (1991)

In cases of acute unilateral facial weakness, a careful and systematic evaluation is necessary to identify the cause. Idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy) is a diagnosis of exclusion. It is also the most common cause of unilateral facial weakness seen by primary care physicians. The most important aspect of initial treatment is eye protection. Administration of systemic oral corticosteroids may lessen severity and duration of symptoms.
MUSCADINE GRAPE BREEDING (1917)

Journal Article MUSCADINE GRAPE BREEDING: The Native Grape of the Southeastern United States Has Been Hybridized Successfully with the European Grape—Valuable Self-fertile Varieties Produced.—A New Possibility for the Cut-over Pine Lands of the South Get access CHARLES DEARING CHARLES DEARING Office of Harticulture and Pomology, Bureau of Plant IndustryWashingion, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 8, Issue 9, September 1917, Pages 409–424, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111861 Published: 01 September 1917
Frame-Aggregated Link Adaptation Protocol for Next Generation Wireless Local Area Networks (2010)

The performance of wireless networks is affected by channel conditions. Link Adaptation techniques have been proposed to improve the degraded network performance by adjusting the design parameters, for example, the modulation and coding schemes, in order to adapt to the dynamically changing channel conditions. Furthermore, due to the advancement of the IEEE 802.11n standard, the network goodput can be enhanced with the exploitation of its frame aggregation schemes. However, none of the existing link adaption algorithms are designed to consider the feasible number of aggregated frames that should be utilized for channel-changing environments. In this paper, a frame-aggregated link adaptation (FALA) protocol is proposed to dynamically adjust system parameters in order to improve the network goodput under varying channel conditions. For the purpose of maximizing network goodput, both the optimal frame payload size and the modulation and coding schemes are jointly obtained according to the signal-to-noise ratio under specific channel conditions. The performance evaluation is conducted and compared to the existing link adaption protocols via simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed FALA protocol can effectively increase the goodput performance compared to other baseline schemes, especially under dynamically-changing environments.
Effect of skin surface temperature on localization error and two-point threshold. (1977)

The average localization error and two-point threshold were determined from 9 subjects at 5 skin temperatures on the volar forearm. The temperatures were physiological zero (31 degrees--32 degrees C), 19 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 38 degrees C, and 44 degrees C. Localization error was not significantly affected by skin surface temperature. This was verified on palm and forehead locations. The two-point threshold was increased by skin surface temperatures above physiological zero and decreased by skin surface temperatures below physiological zero. These results are consistent with a previous report of similar changes in punctate pressure sensitivity with varied skin surface temperatures. Such cross-model effects are considered in terms of cutaneous sensory mechanisms combining broad receptor specificity and subsequent coding of information by patterns of neural impulses.
Body fluid microscopy in US laboratories. Data from two College of American Pathologists surveys, with practice recommendations. (1994)

Questionnaires addressing laboratory practices in cerebrospinal fluid and body fluid (serous, synovial) microscopy were distributed to participants in the Clinical Microscopy Survey of the College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Ill, in 1985 and 1989. In both Surveys, cell enumeration was performed primarily by hemocytometry, while nearly all respondents used Wright-stained microscopy. There was little formal quality control to assess the accuracy of counts or differential cell count. Less than 55% of laboratories used the cytocentrifuge. About half of respondents performed a differential cell count on every sample. Slides with atypical or malignant cells were usually (> 85%) reviewed by physicians without automatic referral to the cytopathology section. Only about half of respondents examined every synovial fluid specimen with polarized microscopy for crystals. Other than a modest increase in use of the cytocentrifuge, the 1989 Survey showed little interval change in practices. In 1989, there was equal dependence on Wright's and Papanicolaou's stains for an infrequent diagnosis of malignancy. The low rate of positives may have related to the high prevalence of wedge smears, a suboptimal technique. The Hematology and Clinical Microscopy Resource Committee of the College of American Pathologists makes recommendations for optimal laboratory handling of body fluid specimens for microscopy.
Transdermal nicotine compared with oral prednisolone therapy for active ulcerative colitis. (1996)

In those who managed to complete the 6-week study, nicotine alone appeared to be of only very modest benefit in acute colitis and was not as effective as 15 mg of prednisolone daily.
Descriptive Analysis of the Boston Criteria Applied to a Dutch-Type Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Population (2009)

Our data show that using T2*-weighted MRI and including microbleeds increase the sensitivity of the Boston criteria. The exclusion of hemorrhages in the deep white matter, basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem does not lower the sensitivity of the Boston criteria.
Common Transcriptional Signature of Tumor-Infiltrating Mononuclear Inflammatory Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients (2008)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently associated with infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells. We performed laser capture microdissection of HCC-infiltrating and noncancerous liver-infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) and examined gene expression profiles. HCC-infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells had an expression profile distinct from noncancerous liver-infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells; they differed with regard to genes involved in biological processes, such as antigen presentation, ubiquitin-proteasomal proteolysis, and responses to hypoxia and oxidative stress. Immunohistochemical analysis and gene expression databases suggested that the up-regulated genes involved macrophages and Th1 and Th2 CD4 cells. We next examined the gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from CH-C patients with or without HCC. The expression profiles of PBMCs from patients with HCC differed significantly from those of patients without HCC (P < 0.0005). Many of the up-regulated genes in HCC-infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells were also differentially expressed by PBMCs of HCC patients. Analysis of the commonly up-regulated or down-regulated genes in HCC-infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells and PBMCs of HCC patients showed networks of nucleophosmin, SMAD3, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen that are involved with redox status, the cell cycle, and the proteasome system, along with immunologic genes, suggesting regulation of anticancer immunity. Thus, exploring the gene expression profile of PBMCs may be a surrogate approach for the assessment of local HCC-infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells.
A Convenient Synthesis of Ethyl 3-Aminopropanedithioate (β-Alanine Ethyl Dithioester) (1999)

A five-step sequence allowing the preparation of ethyl 3-aminopropanedithioate from N-(Boc)-beta-alanine via the key intermediate N-(Boc)-beta-alaninethioacyl-N-phthalimide is described.
Comparison of granisetron and granisetron plus dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2002)

The combination (granisetron plus dexamethasone) further increases the chance of complete response than granisetron alone. Therefore, the combination might be considered clinically relevant in a high risk setting.
Reversal of Regioselectivity and Enhancement of Rates of Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions through Transient Attachment of Dipolarophiles to Cyclodextrins (2006)

The reactions of nitrile oxides with monosubstituted dipolarophiles, such as propiolamide, typically afford proportionally 80 % or more of the 3,5-disubstituted cycloadducts. By contrast, the reactions of 6(A)-deoxy-6(A)-propynamido-beta-cyclodextrin with 4-tert-butylbenzonitrile oxide and 4-phenylbenzonitrile oxide afford >90 % and approximately 85 % of the corresponding 3,4-disubstituted isoxazoles, respectively. As well as reversing the regioselectivity, the cyclodextrin increases the rates of these cycloadditions. The extent of the acceleration is up to more than three orders of magnitude for the production of the cycloadduct preferred by the cyclodextrin, but even the rate of reaction to give the less favored regioisomer is increased. With 6(A)-deoxy-6(A)-propynamido-beta-cyclodextrin, the cycloadducts are not easily separated from the cyclodextrin, as the amide bond is not readily cleaved. In comparison, the regioselectivity of the cycloadditions of 4-tert-butylbenzonitrile oxide with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid is also altered by formation of the corresponding cyclodextrin esters, by factors of 500, >10, and >100, respectively. The rates of cycloaddition are also increased by up to 475 times, and in these cases the products of cycloaddition are readily released from the cyclodextrin through ester hydrolysis. Incorporating these processes into a reaction cycle, acylation of beta-cyclodextrin with p-nitrophenyl acrylate and subsequent treatment first with 4-tert-butylbenzonitrile oxide and then with base, the latter to catalyze ester hydrolysis and regenerate the beta-cyclodextrin, affords proportionally fivefold more of the 3,4-disubstituted isoxazoline than is produced directly from acrylic acid.
Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Animal Models and Clinical Trials (2017)

Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that frequently results in irreversible blindness. Glaucoma causes death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons in the optic nerve, resulting in visual field deficits and eventual loss of visual acuity. Glaucoma is a complex optic neuropathy, and a successful strategy for its treatment requires not only better management of known risk factors such as elevated intraocular pressure and the development of improved tools for detecting RGC injury but also treatments that address this injury (i.e., neuroprotection). Experimental models of glaucoma provide insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and aid the development of neuroprotective therapies.
Enhanced intracellular sodium concentration in kidney cells recruits a latent pool of Na-K-ATPase whose size is modulated by corticosteroids. (1990)

Besides its role in the control of the rate of functioning of each Na-K-ATPase unit (as a substrate of the enzyme), the intracellular sodium concentration also regulates the number of active Na-K-ATPase units, as previously described in cultured cells. To evaluate such a possibility in kidney epithelial cells, the intracellular concentration of sodium in rat cortical collecting tubules (CCT) maintained in vitro was altered by the use of the sodium ionophore nystatin. When CCT were preincubated for 2-3 h at 37 degrees C in the presence of nystatin, the enzymatic activity of Na-K-ATPase was markedly stimulated as compared to tubules preincubated without nystatin or in the presence of the ionophore but in the absence of extracellular sodium. Although nystatin increased both Na-K-ATPase activity and [3H]ouabain specific binding in CCT, its action was independent of de novo synthesis of the pump since neither actinomycin D nor cycloheximide abolished it. It is suggested that increasing the sodium concentration in CCT cells induces the recruitment of a latent pool of Na-K-ATPase units. The size of this latent pool of enzyme is under the control of corticosteroids as it is markedly decreased in CCT from adrenalectomized rats.
Aspects of Urea Metabolism in Ruminants with Reference to the Goat (1980)

In goats and other ruminants, urea functions as a source of nitrogen for protein biosynthesis in the digestive tract. Ammonia can be absorbed in the digestive system when formed in excessive quantitites and enhance formation of urea, or it can be derived from urea of blood plasma when its formation from feed sources is small. Entry rates of urea into plasma may vary from 4 to 80 mumol/min per kg.75 body weight depending on dietary conditions. Urea formation is related to nitrogen intake of which approximately 70% passes into the urea pool of plasma. Irreversible losses of urea of plasma into the digestive tract vary between 10 and 90% depending on the protein to energy ratios of the diet. Entry of urea from plasma into the rumen appears to be a passive process which is sensitive to short-term changes of urea concentrations in plasma. Permeability of ruminal epithelium to urea may be altered by fermentation products of rumen (ammonia, carbon dioxide, volatile fatty acids). The influx of nitrogen into the rumen is related to needs for nitrogen of microbial populations and is associated with changes of renal excretion and tubular reabsorption of urea. Combined gastrointestinal and renal responses exert a synergistic effect on improved utilization of urea of plasma when uptake of dietary nitrogen is limited in goats and other ruminants.
Quantifying Uncertainty for the PUNQ-S3 Problem in a Bayesian Setting With RML and EnKF (2006)

Summary The well known PUNQ-S3 reservoir model represents a synthetic problem which was formulated to test the ability of various methods and research groups to quantify the uncertainty in the prediction of cumulative oil production. Previous results reported on this project suggest that the randomized maximum likelihood (RML) method gives a biased characterization of the uncertainty. A major objective of this paper is to show that this is incorrect. With a correct implementation of the RML method within a Bayesian framework, we show that RML does an adequate job of sampling the a posteriori distribution for the PUNQ problem. In particular, the true predicted oil production lies within the band of predictions generated with the RML method and is not biased. We also apply the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) method to the PUNQ data set, and show that this method also gives a reasonable quantification of the uncertainty in performance predictions with an uncertainty range similar to the one obtained with RML.
Photoinduced transformations in semiconductormetal nanocomposite assemblies (2002)

Abstract Semiconductor­metal nanocomposites provide a simple and convenient way to tailor the properties of photocatalysts. Modification of semiconductor surface improves charge separation and promotes interfacial charge-transfer processes in nanocomposite systems. Charge accumulation in the metal layer results in Fermi-level equilibration raising the quasi-Fermi level of the composite close to the conduction band level of the oxide semiconductor. Phototransformations of such compositesincluding morphological changes, interfacial charge-transfer processes and photocurrent generation of TiO 2 -capped gold colloidsare presented in this review article.
Volunteer Studies Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Live Oral El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 Vaccine Strain CVD 111 (1997)

A live oral cholera vaccine should ideally protect against both classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae O1. An El Tor biotype vaccine strain, therefore, would complement classical cholera vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR, a strain already in use in some countries. In this study, 25 healthy adult volunteers received a single dose of 10s colony-forming units of El Tor vaccine strain CVD 111, a derivative of El Tor Ogawa strain N16117 deleted in the virulence cassette. Three (12%) volunteers developed mild diarrhea (mean stool volume = 813 ml) but no systemic symptoms; 23 (92%) of the 25 volunteers developed serum vibriocidal antibodies (geometric mean titer = 1:2,291). Five weeks after vaccination, 18 vaccines and eight uninimunized control volunteers underwent wild-type challenge with El Tor Ogawa strain 3008. Three (16.7%) of 18 vaccinees and seven (87.5%) of eight controls developed diarrhea (P = 0.001) (vaccine efficacy = 80.9%). Further studies are underway to determine a dosage of CVD 111 that will be more clinically acceptable but equally immunogenic and protective.
Labdane diterpenes from the marine pulmonate gastropod <i>Trimusculus</i> <i>peruvianus</i> (1996)

The marine gastropod mollusk Trimusculus peruvianus collected on the coast of Central Chile yielded four new labdane metabolites. The structural elucidation of all compounds was accomplished by spectral analysis. One diterpenoid showed modest antimicrobial activity. Key words: Trimusculus peruvianus, labdanes, marine mollusk.
Receptor-recognized <i>α</i>2-macroglobulin-methylamine elevates intracellular calcium, inositol phosphates and cyclic AMP in murine peritoneal macrophages (1993)

Human plasma alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) is a tetrameric proteinase inhibitor, which undergoes a conformational change upon reaction with either a proteinase or methylamine. As a result, a receptor recognition site is exposed on each subunit of the molecule enabling it to bind to its receptors on macrophages. We have used Fura-2-loaded murine peritoneal macrophages and digital video fluorescence microscopy to examine the effects of receptor binding on second messenger levels. alpha 2M-methylamine caused a rapid 2-4-fold increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) within 5 s of binding to receptors. The agonists induced a focal increase in [Ca2+]i that spread out to other areas of the cell. The increase in [Ca2+]i was dependent on the alpha 2M-methylamine concentration and on the extracellular [Ca2+]. Both sinusoidal and transitory oscillations were observed, which varied from cell to cell. Neither alpha 2M nor boiled alpha 2M-methylamine, forms that are not recognized by the receptor, affected [Ca2+]i in peritoneal macrophages under identical conditions of incubation. The alpha 2M-methylamine-induced rise in [Ca2+]i was accompanied by a rapid and transient increase in macrophage inositol phosphates, including inositol tris- and tetrakis-phosphates. Native alpha 2M did not stimulate a rise in inositol phosphates. Finally, binding of alpha 2M-methylamine to macrophages increased cyclic AMP transiently. Thus receptor-recognized alpha-macroglobulins behave as agonists whose receptor binding causes stimulation of signal transduction pathways.
Comparative clinical trial of topical anesthetic agents in cataract surgery (2004)

Lidocaine gel was a better topical anesthetic agent than bupivacaine and benoxinate drops. Bupivacaine drops were effective in providing deep topical anesthesia.
Combustion of advanced non-toxic hybrid propellants (2007)

Combustion characteristics and fuel regression behaviour have been studied for two fuels utilising 98% rocket-grade hydrogen peroxide (RGHP) as oxidiser. Two test series (A and C) involved a total of 13 firings of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) fuel grains and series B involved nine firings of DCPD grains loaded with various amounts of lithium aluminium hydride, LiAlH4 (LAH). A laboratory-scale combustion chamber with a 4.09 cm diameter was used in all firings. Regression rate data have shown a substantial increase as compared to RGHP/low-density polyethylene oxidiser/fuel combination. Results with the LAH-loaded grains showed comparable regression rates, but disappointing levels of combustion efficiency.