gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toothpaste Brands â€“A Study of consumer behavior in Bangalore city (2010)

â€˜Consumer is kingâ€™ â€“the statement carries profound truth in it. Today the success of any firm depends upon the satisfaction of consumers. For satisfying the consumers the firm should know about the behavior of the consumers. In these circumstances understanding consumer is a very difficult task because of the changing technology, innovation, and changes in life style. Researchers conducted many research in this area, and they given only few suggestion, but there is no final conclusion. As per the ideas given by the researchers, there are two factors influencing the consumers such as intrinsic and extrinsic factors. It is difficult to classify consumers by conventional demographic factors and unless their thought process and buying behavior are fully understood, decisions on product designs and packaging, branding and distribution channels are likely to be misplaced. With the inevitability of change looming large over the horizon, Indian companies must learn from their western counterparts; not only to identify the sources, timing and direction of the changes likely to affect India, but also the new competencies and perspective that will enable them to respond to these changes, comprehensively and effectively. This study mainly focus on understanding the external factors like demographic, social, cultural ,price, quality ,product attributes etc for buying toothpaste. The market share of any product is highly determined by the purchasing behavior of the consumers. Following study is conducted by the researcher to find out the behavior of the consumers, to analyze the preference of consumers, & consumer awareness. Descriptive research design was adopted and the data is collected through primary and secondary sources. The method adopted for conducting survey is questionnaire; Simple random sampling technique was adopted for selecting the consumers.
On the calculation of fractal features from images (1993)

Fractal geometry is becoming increasingly more important in the study of image characteristics. There are numerous methods available to estimate parameters from images of fractal surfaces. A very general technique to calculate numerous fractal features involves the estimation of the mass density function by box counting. The authors analyze the box-counting method, establish a lower bound for the box size, and indicate how algorithms can be improved to give better estimates of fractal features of images. This provides a theoretical basis for a heuristic approach used by C.A. Pickover and A.L. Khorasani (1986).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitation of ten 30S ribosomal assembly intermediates using fluorescence triple correlation spectroscopy (2012)

The self-assembly of bacterial 30S ribosomes involves a large number of RNA folding and RNA-protein binding steps. The sequence of steps determines the overall assembly mechanism and the structure of the mechanism has ramifications for the robustness of biogenesis and resilience against kinetic traps. Thermodynamic interdependencies of protein binding inferred from omission-reconstitution experiments are thought to preclude certain assembly pathways and thus enforce ordered assembly, but this concept is at odds with kinetic data suggesting a more parallel assembly landscape. A major challenge is deconvolution of the statistical distribution of intermediates that are populated during assembly at high concentrations approaching in vivo assembly conditions. To specifically resolve the intermediates formed by binding of three ribosomal proteins to the full length 16S rRNA, we introduce Fluorescence Triple-Correlation Spectroscopy (F3CS). F3CS identifies specific ternary complexes by detecting coincident fluctuations in three-color fluorescence data. Triple correlation integrals quantify concentrations and diffusion kinetics of triply labeled species, and F3CS data can be fit alongside auto-correlation and cross-correlation data to quantify the populations of 10 specific ribosome assembly intermediates. The distribution of intermediates generated by binding three ribosomal proteins to the entire native 16S rRNA included significant populations of species that were not previously thought to be thermodynamically accessible, questioning the current interpretation of the classic omission-reconstitution experiments. F3CS is a general approach for analyzing assembly and function of macromolecular complexes, especially those too large for traditional biophysical methods.
OpenNetInf - prototyping an information-centric Network Architecture (2012)

Information-centric networking (ICN) has evolved as important option for a future Internet architecture. Prototyping such an architecture is important to gain valuable insights about its feasibility. We have developed a prototype of the Network of Information (NetInf) architecture called OpenNetInf and have tested the architecture with a wide variety of applications. We have also performed traffic measurements to evaluate the influence of caching and our Multi-Level Distributed Hash Table (MDHT) name resolution service on inter-domain traffic. The measurements show a decrease in inter-domain traffic by a factor of up to 4 in our test scenario. The prototyping experience has validated the general feasibility of the NetInf architecture. The gained insights have had and will have significant impact on future NetInf architecture iterations.
Discrimination of release time constants in hearing-aid compressors (2008)

We examined the ability of twenty-five hearing-impaired and eight normal-hearing listeners to discriminate between release time constants used for compression in hearing aids. The compressor was a standard three-channel system. The stimuli were normal and 'vocoded' sentences from a male and female database. In agreement with other studies looking at different outcomes, performance varied greatly across individuals. This variation was greater in hearing-impaired listeners, for whom the discriminability of a release time of 5 ms from one of 5000 ms (with the attack time fixed at 5 ms) ranged from chance to perfect. This variability was not significantly related to hearing impairment nor to individuals' compression ratios.
Bioinformatics Approaches for Fetal DNA Fraction Estimation in Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (2017)

The discovery of cell-free fetal DNA molecules in plasma of pregnant women has created a paradigm shift in noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Circulating cell-free DNA in maternal plasma has been increasingly recognized as an important proxy to detect fetal abnormalities in a noninvasive manner. A variety of approaches for NIPT using next-generation sequencing have been developed, which have been rapidly transforming clinical practices nowadays. In such approaches, the fetal DNA fraction is a pivotal parameter governing the overall performance and guaranteeing the proper clinical interpretation of testing results. In this review, we describe the current bioinformatics approaches developed for estimating the fetal DNA fraction and discuss their pros and cons.
Pharmacologic therapeutics for cardiac reperfusion injury (2007)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrial societies, with myocardial infarction as the primary assassin. Pharmacologic agents, including the myocardial cell membrane receptor agonists adenosine, bradykinin/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, opioids and erythropoietin or the mixed cell membrane and intracellular agonists, glucose insulin potassium, and volatile anesthetics, either clinically or experimentally reduce the extent of myocardial injury when administered just prior to reperfusion. Agents that specifically target proteins, transcription factors or ion channels, including PKC agonists/antagonists, PPAR, Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase and the ATP-dependent potassium channel are also promising. However, no agent has been specifically approved to reduce reperfusion injury clinically. In this review, we will discuss the advantages and limitations of agents to combat reperfusion injury, their market development status and findings reported in both clinical and preclinical studies. The molecular pathways activated by these agents that preserve myocardium from reperfusion injury, which appear to commonly involve glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibition, are also described.
Encounter test OPMISR on-chip compression (2006)

As technology progresses, chips push on all automated test equipment (ATE) cost variables: speed, pin count, and test buffer size. In response to the challenges of testing these ever-larger chips, all of the major ATPG vendors have come out with products that compress test data volume and reduce test time - OPMISR: simple, effective output compression. While OPMISR can provide a substantial data volume reduction, it is limited to about 50% reduction in test application time. An alternative implementation of OPMISR, OPMISR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> , was being employed at the Cadence Encounter Test product. OPMISR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> can easily provide greater than 100 times test data volume reduction in addition to 40 times or more scan test time reduction. This paper gives an example of its scan configuration
Complete nucleotide sequence of a 23S ribosomal RNA gene from Escherichia coli. (1980)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the 23S RNA gene from the rrnB operon of Escherichia coli has been determined. The sequences of both strands of the entire gene were determined, most of the sequence was independently confirmed by use of alternate restriction fragments, and all restriction cuts overlapped. The DNA region corresponding to mature 23S rRNA contains 2904 nucleotides. Kethoxal-reactive sites protected by 30S subunits are found between positions 2300 and 28000, placing the subunit interface in this region of the molecule. The functional importance of this region is further supported by studies by other investigators, including homology with chloroplast and mitochondrial rRNA.
Infection, mimics, and autoimmune disease (2001)

The observation that infection can precipitate an autoimmune disease dates back more than a century. The first human autoimmune disease described, paroxysmal cold hemoglobulinuria, was thought of as a late consequence of syphilis, and rheumatic fever is still associated with preceding streptococcal infection. In modern times, these associations have been attributed to molecular mimicry. In its simplest form, the concept of molecular mimicry states that antigenic determinants of infectious microorganisms resemble structures in the tissues of the host but differ enough to be recognized as foreign by the host's immune system. It is now clear that mimicry on the molecular level is a common phenomenon; that is, many sequential and structural determinants of infectious agents simulate epitopes of host tissues (1). But, as Mackay and I remarked recently, "There are, as yet, no firm instances of molecular mimicry by microorganisms serving as initiating agents of human autoimmune disease" (2).
Initial genome screen for bipolar disorder in the NIMH genetics initiative pedigrees: Chromosomes 2, 11, 13, 14, and X (1997)

We report on an initial genome screen of 540 individuals from 97 families collected as part of the NIMH Genetics Initiative Bipolar Group. Among the individuals studied, 232 were diagnosed with bipolar (BP) I, 72 with BPII, 88 with major depressive disorder-recurrent type (UPR), and 32 with schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type (SA/BP). A total of 53 markers on chromosomes 2, 11, 13, 14, and X (average spacing: 11.5 cM) were studied at Johns Hopkins University. Tests for linkage were performed using nonparametric affected sib-pair and whole pedigree methods with three definitions of affected status. Three regions of interest were identified (13q14-32, Xp22, and Xq26-28). On chromosomes 2, 11, and 14, a disease locus with relative risk lambda(i) = 1.5 could be excluded in <10% of the genetic distance studied, while a locus conferring lambda(i) = 3 or greater could be excluded across at least 96%. The autosomal region that could not be excluded even with lambda(i) = 5 was near 13q14-32. In this region, two-point affected sib-pair analyses revealed a pair of consecutive loci with excess sharing (P < 0.05) and a multipoint affected sib-pair LOD score of 1.12. On the X chromosome, nonparametric multipoint affected sib-pair analyses revealed peak total LOD scores of 0.94 on Xp22 and 1.34 on Xq26-28. A locus linked to the markers in Xp22 would have lambda(i) = 3.6 in affected brother-brother pairs, while a locus linked to the markers in Xq26-28 would have lambda(i) > 1.9 in affected sister-sister pairs. The results on 13q14-32, Xp22, and Xq26-28 suggest areas of interest for further studies.
VALUE-ADDED PROCESSING OF PEANUT MEAL: ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS TO IMPROVE FUNCTIONAL AND NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF WATER SOLUBLE EXTRACTS (2012)

ABSTRACT Value-added applications are needed for peanut meal, which is the high-protein by-product of commercial peanut oil production. Peanut meal dispersions were hydrolyzed with alcalase, flavourzyme and pepsin in an effort to improve functional and nutritional properties of the resulting water soluble extracts. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) ranged from 20 to 60% for alcalase, 10 to 20% for pepsin and 10 to 70% for flavourzyme from 3 to 240 min. Low molecular weight peptides (<14 kDa) and unique banding patterns reflected the different proteolytic activities of each enzyme as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Total soluble solids and soluble nitrogen increased a minimum of 30 and 110%, respectively, for all hydrolysates after 4-h hydrolysis. Differences in air/water adsorption responses of hydrolysates were a function of protease specificity. Antioxidant capacities of all hydrolysates were greater than unhydrolyzed controls and correlated linearly (R2 = 0.87) with DH, whereas antioxidant capacities of hydrolysates were minimally dependent on bicinchoninic acid protein solubility or relative amino acid distribution. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Peanut meal is the high-protein by-product of commercial peanut oil production. While an excellent source of protein, aflatoxin contamination currently limits applications of peanut meal to feed markets. Recently described efforts to sequester aflatoxin from peanut meal during processing have proven successful, potentially allowing for processing of this material into value-added components including aflatoxin-free protein/peptide concentrates. Accordingly, the current manuscript focuses on the potential for enzymatic hydrolysis (three different proteases are compared) to improve functional and nutritional properties of peanut meal during processing. Enzymatic hydrolysis substantially increases solubility and antioxidant capacities of peanut meal hydrolysates. A potential mechanism for increased antioxidant capacity with increasing hydrolysis is discussed. These and other chemical/functional data within the manuscript directly apply to strategies for value-added processing of peanut meal.
Free-Standing, Patternable Nanoparticle/Polymer Monolayer Arrays Formed by Evaporation Induced Self-Assembly at a Fluid Interface (2008)

We report a general and facile method to prepare free-standing, patternable nanoparticle/polymer monolayer arrays by interfacial NP assembly within a polymeric photoresist. The ultrathin monolayer nanoparticle/polymer arrays are sufficiently robust that they can be transferred to arbitrary substrates and suspended as free-standing membranes over cm-sized holeseven with free edges. More importantly, the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in the system serves as a photoresist enabling two modes of electron beam (e-beam) patterning. Lower e-beam doses direct differential nanoparticle solubility and result in nanoparticle patterns with somewhat diffuse interfaces. At higher e-beam doses the PMMA serves as a negative resist resulting in submicrometer patterns with edge roughness comparable to that of the nanoparticle diameter. These ultrathin films of monolayer nanoparticle arrays are of fundamental interest as 2D artificial solids for electronic, magnetic, and optical properties and are also of technological interest for a diverse range of applications in micro- and macroscale devices including photovoltaics, sensors, catalysis, and magnetic storage.
PERMEABILITY ESTIMATION AND HYDRAULIC ZONE PORE STRUCTURES IDENTIFICATION USING CORE AND WELL LOGS DATA (2012)

An improved methodology to accurately estimate permeability from well log devices, with commonly available core log data is presented. Core permeability and porosity data were used to identify three different hydraulic zones namely: micro, meso and macro pores respectively with unique pore structures. Selected logging tools showed different responses for each hydraulic zone. Multi-dimensional data base that relate four logging values to core permeability in order to provide relationship for permeability predictions from log where core is not available was constructed. The obtained predictions are more accurate than ones with other methods due to the fact that permeability transforms are provided for each pore type and however, pore throat size is considered. Well log permeability estimations using this method are used to map permeability for improved reservoir simulation models, well test, and permeability estimation and more importantly, well completion optimization operations.
Toward secure targeted broadcast in smart grid (2012)

Significant research efforts have recently been directed toward materializing smart grid for the purpose of transforming the aging power grid into an efficient and intelligent electric power distribution system. Conceptually, smart grid can be regarded as a fusion of different advanced technologies (i.e., electrical power engineering meets sensing, control, digital communication, and network information technologies). However, when these advanced technologies converge at smart grid, we will face many unforeseen challenges, particularly security challenges in smart grid communications. In this article, toward secure targeted broadcast in smart grid, we investigate the applicability of Attribute Based Encryption (ABE) for smart grid communication scenarios. In particular, we focus on the application of Key Policy ABE (KPABE), where a smart grid control center can use KP-ABE to broadcast a single encrypted message to a specific group of users, and each user in the targeted group can individually use the defined key policy to decrypt the message. With this kind of KP-ABE targeted broadcast, it is possible to eliminate the need for issuing multiple unicast messages. As a result, both communication and computation efficiency can be ensured.
The inability of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation to stimulate GLUT4 translocation indicates additional signaling pathways are required for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. (1995)

Recent experimental evidence has focused attention to the role of two molecules, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), in linking the insulin receptor to glucose uptake; IRS-1 knockout mice are insulin resistant, and pharmacological inhibitors of PI3-kinase block insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. To investigate the role of PI3-kinase and IRS-1 in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake we examined whether stimulation of insulin-sensitive cells with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or with interleukin 4 (IL-4) stimulates glucose uptake; the activated PDGF receptor (PDGFR) directly binds and activates PI3-kinase, whereas the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) activates PI3-kinase via IRS-1 or the IRS-1-related molecule 4PS. We found that stimulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with PDGF resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of the PDGFR and activation of PI3-kinase in these cells. To examine whether IL-4 stimulates glucose uptake, L6 myoblasts were engineered to overexpress GLUT4 as well as both chains of the IL-4R (L6/IL-4R/GLUT4); when these L6/IL-4R/GLUT4 myoblasts were stimulated with IL-4, IRS-1 became tyrosine phosphorylated and associated with PI3-kinase. Although PDGF and IL-4 can activate PI3-kinase in the respective cell lines, they do not possess insulin's ability to stimulate glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. These findings indicate that activation of PI3-kinase is not sufficient to stimulate GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. We postulate that activation of a second signaling pathway by insulin, distinct from PI3-kinase, is necessary for the stimulation of glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive cells.
RExtractor: a Robust Information Extractor (2015)

The RExtractor system is an information extractor that processes input documents by natural language processing tools and consequently queries the parsed sentences to extract a knowledge base of entities and their relations. The extraction queries are designed manually using a tool that enables natural graphical representation of queries over dependency trees. A workflow of the system is designed to be language and domain independent. We demonstrate RExtractor on Czech and English legal documents.
“A Helping Hand” (1943)

All of us have built up in imagination a picture of what has happened in the occupied countries of Europe these three years. In a recent speech, Anthony Eden summed it up in the phrase, “stripped and battered out of shape.” But it is of more personal interest to try and picture what must have happened, not in the big things, but as affects our own particular craft of radiology—whether diagnosis or therapy. The situation must be bad now. It is unlikely that it has even yet reached its worst. We can be sure from what little we know that just after the war a deplorable state of affairs will exist in what were formerly highly organised areas. Most of us feel certain that the Allied Powers will plan early to meet the primary needs of the situation—feeding, clothing, re-opening of trade and the broad issues of social reconstruction. But the lesser things, though big in themselves, will take a very long time. One of these lesser needs—lesser only in relation to the great primary needs—will be to build up again pre-war medical services including, as something which ought to concern us—radiological services. This may well prove a heart-breaking task to those few who have been left after the chaos. Should we not therefore plan to give a helping hand in this affair to our professional colleagues. I believe we should!
Tracking 3-D coronary artery motion with biplane angiography (2003)

The motion of coronary arteries has attracted increasing attention because of its possible effects on the development of atherosclerosis. Biplane angiography is the best clinical modality so far to extract this information spatially and temporally. In this paper, a new method is proposed to track 3-D coronary artery segments in biplane angiogram sequences based on a 3-D deformable model. The model combines the 3-D active contour model with image block matching technique, and considers both global and local motion of the vessel. By this new method, the coronary artery segment can be tracked well over a cardiac cycle.