gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Multiple Phases and Faces of Wnt Signaling During Cardiac Differentiation and Development (2010)

Understanding heart development on a molecular level is a prerequisite for uncovering the causes of congenital heart diseases. Therapeutic approaches that try to enhance cardiac regeneration or that involve the differentiation of resident cardiac progenitor cells or patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells will also benefit tremendously from this knowledge. Wnt proteins have been shown to play multiple roles during cardiac differentiation and development. They are extracellular growth factors that activate different intracellular signaling branches. Here, we summarize our current understanding of how these factors affect different aspects of cardiogenesis, starting from early specification of cardiac progenitors and continuing on to later developmental steps, such as morphogenetic processes, valve formation, and establishment of the conduction system.
C-Terminal Peptide Sequencing via Multistage Mass Spectrometry (1998)

Results are presented showing the ability to obtain C-terminal sequence information from peptides by multiple stages of mass spectrometry. Under typical low-energy collision-induced dissociation conditions of quadrupole ion trap and ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers, lithium- and sodium-cationized peptides dissociate predominantly by reaction at the C-terminal peptide bond or an adjacent bond. For the majority of cases studied, the dominant reaction is a rearrangement process that results in the loss of the C-terminal residue and formation of a product ion that is one amino acid shorter than the original peptide ion. Using the multistage MS/MS capabilities of quadrupole ion trap and ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers, a subsequent stage of MS/MS can be performed to determine the identity of the new C-terminal residue. Up to eight stage of MS/MS have been performed with both quadrupole ion trap and ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers. In general, the same dissociation pathways are observed with both instruments, although occasionally there are significant differences in the branching ratios of competing pathways.
Agricultural Remote Sensing using Radio‐Controlled Model Aircraft (2004)

Radio-controlled model aircraft may be useful as a platform for agricultural remote sensing because the data have high spatial resolution and the aircraft can be flown over individual fields in a timely manner. As a test of concept, an automatic 35-mm camera with color-infrared film was mounted on a fixed-wing radio-controlled model aircraft and flown over a field of corn (Zea mays L.) with three different planting dates and with various levels of applied N. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated from scanned images of the photographic transparencies. Images of the same field were acquired on two dates using the AISA sensor, flown on-board a conventional aircraft. The color-infrared NDVI was linearly related to that obtained by the AISA sensor, NDVI from neither sensor was related to the level of applied N. Cameras on-board radio-controlled model aircraft can provide useful data on plant growth and cover; the low cost of the system may offset some of the limitations with this technology.
Search for Potent Anthelmintics-Part XIII 2-(3,5-Substituted Salicylamido/Cinnamido)-4,5- Substituted Thiazoles (1979)

Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226 007 <em>Manuscript received 27 November 1978, revised 28 February 1979 ; accepted 24 August 1979</em> Twenty one new 2-(3,5-substituted salicylamido)-4,5-substituted thiazoles and ten 2-(substituted cinnamido)-4,5-substituted thiazoles have been prepared. Eight of them, when screened against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats and Hymenolepis nana in mice at doses of 250 mg/kg x 3 and 250 mg/kg x 1 respectively, were found to be inactive.
Sensing Based on Fano-Type Resonance Response of All-Dielectric Metamaterials (2015)

A new sensing approach utilizing Mie resonances in metamaterial arrays composed of dielectric resonators is proposed. These arrays were found to exhibit specific, extremely high-Q factor (up to 15,000) resonances at frequencies corresponding to the lower edge of the array second transmission band. The observed resonances possessed with features typical for Fano resonances (FRs), which were initially revealed in atomic processes and recently detected in macro-structures, where they resulted from interference between local resonances and a continuum of background waves. Our studies demonstrate that frequencies and strength of Fano-type resonances in all-dielectric arrays are defined by interaction between local Mie resonances and Fabry-Perot oscillations of Bloch eigenmodes that makes possible controlling the resonance responses by changing array arrangements. The opportunity for obtaining high-Q responses in compact arrays is investigated and promising designs for sensing the dielectric properties of analytes in the ambient are proposed.
Thermal and mechanical properties of plasticized poly(L‐lactic acid) (2003)

Abstract Acetyl tri‐ n ‐butyl citrate (ATBC) and poly(ethyleneglycol)s (PEGs) with different molecular weights (from 400 to 10000) were used in this study to plasticize poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLA). The thermal and mechanical properties of the plasticized polymer are reported. Both ATBC and PEG are effective in lowering the glass transition ( T g ) of PLA up to a given concentration, where the plasticizer reaches its solubility limit in the polymer (50 wt % in the case of ATBC; 15–30 wt %, depending on molecular weight, in the case of PEG). The range of applicability of PEGs as PLA plasticizers is given in terms of PEG molecular weight and concentration. The mechanical properties of plasticized PLA change with increasing plasticizer concentration. In all PLA/plasticizer systems investigated, when the blend T g approaches room temperature, a stepwise change in the mechanical properties of the system is observed. The elongation at break drastically increases, whereas tensile strength and modulus decrease. This behavior occurs at a plasticizer concentration that depends on the T g ‐depressing efficiency of the plasticizer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1731–1738, 2003
Scan-Rate-Dependent Melting Transitions of Interleukin-1 Receptor (Type II):  Elucidation of Meaningful Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters of Aggregation Acquired from DSC Simulations (2005)

The role of thermal unfolding as it pertains to thermodynamic properties of proteins and their stability has been the subject of study for more than 50 years. Moreover, exactly how the unfolding properties of a given protein system may influence the kinetics of aggregation has not been fully characterized. In the study of recombinant human Interleukin-1 receptor type II (rhuIL-1R(II)) aggregation, data obtained from size exclusion chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to model the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of irreversible denaturation. A break from linearity in the initial aggregation rates as a function of 1/T was observed in the vicinity of the melting transition temperature (T(m) approximately 53.5 degrees C), suggesting significant involvement of protein unfolding in the reaction pathway. A scan-rate dependence in the DSC experiment testifies to the nonequilibrium influences of the aggregation process. A mechanistic model was developed to extract meaningful thermodynamic and kinetic parameters from an irreversibly denatured process. The model was used to simulate how unfolding properties could be used to predict aggregation rates at different temperatures above and below the T(m) and to account for concentration dependence of reaction rates. The model was shown to uniquely identify the thermodynamic parameters DeltaC(P) (1.3 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol-K), DeltaH(m) (74.3 +/- 6.8 kcal/mol), and T(m) with reasonable variances.
Spectral feature selection for supervised and unsupervised learning (2007)

Feature selection aims to reduce dimensionality for building comprehensible learning models with good generalization performance. Feature selection algorithms are largely studied separately according to the type of learning: supervised or unsupervised. This work exploits intrinsic properties underlying supervised and unsupervised feature selection algorithms, and proposes a unified framework for feature selection based on spectral graph theory. The proposed framework is able to generate families of algorithms for both supervised and unsupervised feature selection. And we show that existing powerful algorithms such as ReliefF (supervised) and Laplacian Score (unsupervised) are special cases of the proposed framework. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to unify supervised and unsupervised feature selection, and enable their joint study under a general framework. Experiments demonstrated the efficacy of the novel algorithms derived from the framework.
Localized growth of suspended SWCNTs by means of an "all-laser" process and their direct integration into nanoelectronic devices (2006)

We have successfully developed an all-laser processing for the localized growth of suspended single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on prepatterned SiO/sub 2//Si substrates. Our all-laser process stands out by its exclusive use of the same KrF excimer laser, first, to deposit the embedded-catalyst electrodes with a controllable architecture and, second, to grow SWCNTs through the pulsed laser ablation of a pure graphite target. Under the optimal growth conditions, the suspended SWCNTs are shown to bridge laterally adjacent electrodes separated by a gap of /spl sim/2 /spl mu/m. These SWCNTs (having diameters in the 1.25-1.64-nm range) generally tend to auto-assemble into bundles of /spl sim/5--15 nm in diameter. The all-laser process here developed offers the advantage of a direct integration of the SWCNTs into field-effect-transistor-like devices with no postprocessing, thereby permitting the investigation of their electrical transport properties. Thus, the suspended SWCNT bundles are shown to behave collectively as an ambipolar transistor with ON/OFF switching ratios as high as /spl sim/10/sup 4/.
Anti-anaphylactic activity of the novel selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist mizolastine in the rodent. (1995)

The anti-anaphylactic/anti-histamine activity of mizolastine (CAS 108612-45-9, SL 85.0324), a novel histamine H1 receptor antagonist devoid of sedative properties, has been evaluated in the rat, mouse and guinea pig. Mizolastine inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylactic reduction caused by ovalbumin challenge in the rat (ED50 = 0.7 mg/kg i.v., 1.6 mg/kg p.o.) and effectively protected rats from the lethal shock induced by compound 48/80 (ED50 = 0.07 mg/kg p.o.). Mizolastine protected actively sensitized guinea pigs from anaphylactic mortality, bronchospasm and respiratory difficulties (increase in pulmonary resistance) preceding this event and from morphological modifications at doses from 0.05 mg/kg i.v. The pharmacological activity of mizolastine is linked to a selective blockade of histamine H1 receptors as indicated by the ability of this compound to antagonize rat paw edema induced by the subplantar injection of histamine (ED50 = 0.5 mg/kg p.o.) but not that induced by the injection of serotonin or bradykinin. Mizolastine also antagonized the increase in cutaneous capillary permeability caused by the intradermal injection of histamine (-80% at 0.3 mg/kg p.o.) and compound 48/80 (ED50 = 1.1 mg/kg p.o.) but not that induced by serotonin in the rat. In the guinea pig, mizolastine antagonized i.v. histamine-induced bronchoconstriction (ED50 = 0.03 mg/kg p.o.) and histamine-induced vascular permeability and edema in trachea and bronchi (ED50 < or = 0.05 mg/kg i.v.). Moreover, at higher doses, mizolastine antagonized the bronchospasm caused by systemic injection of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene D4 (LTD4) (ED50's = 0.30 and 3.0 mg/kg p.o., respectively). However, mizolastine only weakly antagonized bronchospasm induced by aerosolized PAF (-67% at 50 mg/kg p.o.), failed to antagonize (up to 3 mg/kg i.v.) PAF-induced microvascular permeability of the tracheal mucosa in the guinea pig and was a weak inhibitor of PAF-induced platelet aggregation in the rabbit (IC50 = 74 mumol/l). In addition to antagonizing histamine H1 receptors, mizolastine also inhibits the release of histamine during allergic reactions in tissues. Thus, mizolastine antagonizes the antigen-induced in vivo release of histamine from mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavages of actively sensitized guinea pigs (minimal effective dose 0.3 mg/kg p.o.) and the release of histamine from mast cells in the peritoneal fluid of passively sensitized rats (ED50 = 0.9 mg/kg i.v.). In these various models, mizolastine was more potent than loratadine and terfenadine but less potent than ketotifen. The apparent half-life for the pharmacological actions of mizolastine ranged from 6 to 8 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Rapid <i>in vivo</i> proton shimming (1991)

A rapid and completely automated method of adjusting the magnetic field (B0) homogeneity for in vivo proton spectroscopy and imaging is described. B0 inhomogeneity maps are generated by a gradient-recalled echo pulse sequence in which the frequency dispersion is chosen to eliminate the effects of the fat/water chemical shift. Low-order shim values are derived by magnitude-weighted least-squares fits to the B0 maps and automatically applied as DC offsets to the X, Y, and Z gradient amplifiers. Imaging with chemical shift selective saturation is used as a measure of the efficacy of the technique. Results indicate that AUTOSHIM improves the overall homogeneity: however, local high-order field distortions which cannot be corrected by linear gradients are generated by certain air/tissue and bone/tissue morphology. In such cases a "Zoom SHIM" may be applied over a limited region of interest for local homogeneity improvement at the expense of other regions. It is suggested that such scans are a necessity for recording the homogeneity during clinical MR spectroscopy.
Analytical Solution of Dynamic Inflow Performance (2000)

Abstract Due to the compressibility of reservoir fluids and matrix, production wells posess dynamic properties. Analytical solution are developed for inflow performance, when bottom well pressure is subjected to combinations of oscillations and excursions. The formulae provided predict the dynamic productivity index, as function of rock and fluid properties, oscillation frequency and attenuation factor. The dynamic inflow performance provides proper bottom well boundary condition for stability analyses of gas-lifted wells.
Poster: Evaluation of an Approach for Remote Object Manipulation Utilizing Dynamic Magnifying Lenses (2008)

In this poster, we present a novel approach for manipulating remote objects in an immersive environment using dynamic magnifying lenses. These lenses are created seamlessly as the user focuses his gaze on an object, expanding the target object. The expanded object can then be manipulated as if the user was standing next to it. To determine its effectiveness, this interface was evaluated against three other well known interaction techniques - direct manipulation, Go-Go hand, and HOMER. Testing showed that the lens interface was superior in accuracy to the others, but it took more time to complete a given task.
Chitin Nanocrystals Prepared by TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of α-Chitin (2007)

Chitin nanocrystals dispersed in water were successfully prepared by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation of alpha-chitin in water at pH 10 under specific conditions, followed by ultrasonic treatment. When the amount of NaClO added as co-oxidant in the oxidation was 5.0 mmol/g of chitin, the weight percentage of the water-insoluble fraction in the TEMPO-oxidized chitin was 90%, and its carboxylate content reached 0.48 mmol/g. Since the TEMPO-oxidized chitin thus prepared had a crystallinity as high as that of the original alpha-chitin, the C6 carboxylate groups formed by TEMPO-mediated oxidation can be regarded as being present only on the chitin crystallite surfaces. No N-deacetylation occurred on the TEMPO-oxidized chitins. When the TEMPO-oxidized chitin was subjected to ultrasonic treatment in water, mostly individualized chitin nanocrystals were obtained, and the average nanocrystal length and width were 340 and 8 nm, respectively.
L-arginine evokes both endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations in L-arginine-depleted aortas of the rat. (1991)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of L-arginine (the substrate for the formation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide) in vascular tissues. Rat aortic rings, with or without endothelium, were suspended in organ chambers for the measurement of isometric tension; they were contracted with phenylephrine (10(-6) M). After a short incubation period (0.5 hour) in physiological salt solution, L-arginine induced minor changes in both types of rings. In contrast, when the incubation time was increased (2, 4, 6, and 8 hours), L-arginine evoked concentration- and time-dependent relaxations in aortic rings both with and without endothelium. The relaxations were larger in rings with endothelium. The presence of L-arginine (10(-3) M) in the incubation medium inhibited subsequent relaxations evoked by the amino acid. The concentration-relaxation curves associated with acetylcholine in rings with endothelium and the curves associated with Sin-1, a spontaneous donor of nitric oxide, in rings with or without endothelium were slightly but significantly shifted to the right after a 6-hour incubation. Nitro-L-arginine (3 x 10(-5) M) and methylene blue (3 x 10(-7) M) attenuated the relaxations evoked by L-arginine in rings both with and without endothelium. Other basic amino acids (D-arginine, L-homoarginine, L-citrulline, L-lysine, and L-ornithine; all tested at 10(-3) M) either had no effect or induced small relaxations and did not affect the response to L-arginine. These observations suggest that L-arginine specifically and stereoselectively relaxes aortic rings with and without endothelium, probably by restoring the endogenous pool of the amino acid, which is likely depleted by prolonged incubation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Virus-like particles associated with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) (2006)

The first cases of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were registered in 1999 in the Hitra/Frøya area of Norway. The disease has since spread south to Rogaland, i.e. the southernmost county with salmon farming in Norway. The disease outbreaks usually start 5 to 9 mo after release into seawater but may occur as early as 2 wk after sea release. The present study focuses on possible pathogens associated with HSMI. It was not possible to find any parasites or bacteria that could explain HSMI, and none of the well-known viruses (infectious salmon anaemia virus, Norwegian salmonid alphavirus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, Atlantic salmonid paramyxovirus) were consistently present. Use of transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of epitheliocystis agent in 3 of 4 farms included in this study, and several virus-like particles. Type I and Type II virus particles, previously described for salmon suffering from haemorrhagic smolt syndrome (HSS), and erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS) virus were consistently present in salmon suffering from HSMI in all 4 farms included in this study. The 2 HSS viruses (Type I and Type II) were also cultured in Atlantic salmon kidney (ASK) cells from salmon suffering from HSMI. However, a causal relationship between the observed virus particles and HSMI remains to be demonstrated.
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of leflunomide in systemic lupus erythematosus (2004)

Twelve systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with mild to moderate disease activity (SLEDAI of > or = 6 and on prednisolone < 0.5 mg/kg/day) were included in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study for 24 weeks. Six were randomized to receive oral leflunomide and six received placebo. Primary outcome of this study included the mean change of SLEDAI at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes included the changes in proteinuria, complement levels, anti ds-DNA binding, and prednisolone dosage. The mean age of the 12 patients was 41+/-9 years, and the mean disease duration was 8.5+/-5.8 years. All were female except one patient. The disease activity of both groups of patients decreased significantly after six months of treatment (14.7+/-6.0 to 3.7+/-2.3 in leflunomide group, P = 0.028, and 9.7+/-3.4 to 5.2+/-4.1 in placebo group, P = 0.027). Reduction in the SLEDAI from baseline to 24 weeks was significantly greater in the leflunomide group than the placebo group (11.0+/-6.1 in the leflunomide group and 4.5+/-2.4 in the placebo group respectively, P = 0.026). Minor adverse events included transient elevation in ALT, hypertension and transient leucopenia. In summary, leflunomide was more effective than placebo in treating SLE patients with mild to moderate disease activity and was safe and well-tolerated.
Recognizing and Organizing Opinions Expressed in the World Press (2003)

Tomorrow’s question answering systems will need to have the ability to process information about beliefs, opinions, and evaluations—the perspective of an agent. Answers to many simple factual
Cr<sup>3+</sup>substituted spinel ferrite nanoparticles with high coercivity (2016)

The low coercivity of spinel ferrites is a major barrier that significantly limits their use in high density magnetic recording applications. By controlling the substituting content of Cr(3+), in this article we describe how magnetic CoCr x Fe2-x O4 (0 < x < 1.2) nanoparticles with coercivity of up to 6.4 kOe were successfully obtained by the hydrothermal process. The high coercivity is attributed to the synergetic effects of magnetocrystalline anisotropy and the nanoscale size effect. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the spinel structure of the nanoparticles with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suggesting regular tetragonal morphology. The TEM indicated an edge length ranging from 15 nm to 150 nm, which increases monotonically with increasing Cr content. Raman analyses supported the proposed model on the formation mechanism of the nanoparticles, i.e. heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation.
Characteristics of thermally assisted magnetic recording in granular perpendicular media (2009)

The effect of thermally assisted magnetic recording using granular perpendicular media with a single-pole-trimmed head has been investigated. A read/write experiment using a spin stand in which the media were heated by laser irradiation demonstrated that the track average amplitude strongly depends on both the position of the write head relative to the center of the laser spot in the down-track direction and on the laser power. Although the signal-to-noise ratio increased with the coercivity of the media, the increment was small; this is thought to be caused by an increase in the switching field distribution of the media with temperature. Our results suggest that the magnetic constant of the media must be optimized with respect to the temperature of writing in order for high-density thermally assisted magnetic recording to be realized.