gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classified perceptual coding with adaptive quantization (1996)

A new technique of adaptively classifying the scene content of an image block has been developed in the proposed perceptual coder. It measures the texture masking energy of an image block and classifies it into one of four perceptual classes: flat, edge, texture, and fine-texture. Each class has an associated factor to adapt the quantizer with the aim of achieving constant quality across an image. A second feature of the perceptual coder is the visual thresholding, a process that reduces bit rate by discarding subthreshold discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients without degrading the image perceived quality. Finally, further quality gain is achieved by an improved reference model 8 (RM8) intramode decision, which removes sticking noise artifacts from newly uncovered background found in H.261 coded sequences. Subjective viewing tests, guided by Rec. 500-5, were conducted with 30 subjects. Subjective results confirm the efficacy of the proposed classified coder over the RMS based H.261 coder in two ways: (i) it consistently produces better quality sequences (with a mean opinion score, MOS, of approximately 2.0) when comparing at any fix bit rate; and (ii) it achieves a bit rate saving of 35% when measuring at the same picture quality (i.e., same MOS).
Effect of mechanical alloying on the mechanical property of Y_2O_3/Cr-Ni composite (2008)

Y_2O_3/Cr-Ni composites were prepared by mechanical alloying(MA)and powder metallurgy(PM) respectively.The effect of mechanical alloying on the property of Y_2O_3/Cr-Ni composite was studied.It was found that the diffraction peaks of the Ni and Cr after the mechanical alloying became wider and the intensity of diffraction peaks dropped.The density,hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the composite prepared by MA were comparatively higher than those of a composite prepared by PM at room temperature.High temperature simulation for mechanical properties was carried out based on the Larson-Miller function.The simulation results showed that the Vicker's hardness of the tested materials was approximately proportional to the heat treatment parameter P,indicating that the Larson-Miller function was applicable for the life-span design of Ni-based composite.After heat treatment at high temperature,the composite prepared by MA still maintained good mechanical properties.
Fabrication of 3 µm Bubble 80 kbit Chips (1977)

A 3 µm bubble 80 kbit chip was designed by 1/2 scaling from the pattern for 6 µm bubble chip. To obtain a 1 µm minimum feature over a 5 mm square, projection printing was employed. By reducing the reflectance of the surface to be exposed below 33%, standing wave effects with monochromatic illumination could be minimized, and uniform 2 µm width and 1 µm gap pattern could be obtained, notwithstanding the variation in photoresist thickness and the unevenness of substrate. A standard deviation of this distribution in the pattern gap width in the fabricated 80 kbit chips was 0.067 µm when the flatness of the wafer is less than 0.5 µm/chip size. The effects of the variation in the pattern gap on the propagate margins could be ignored, if it fell in the range of 1.03 µm to 1.38 µm. Consequently, the resolution of 1±0.3 µm and uniform bias margin over 80 kbit chip area could be achieved with high yield.
Incorporating Vector Space Similarity in Random Walk Inference over Knowledge Bases (2014)

Much work in recent years has gone into the construction of large knowledge bases (KBs), such as Freebase, DBPedia, NELL, and YAGO. While these KBs are very large, they are still very incomplete, necessitating the use of inference to fill in gaps. Prior work has shown how to make use of a large text corpus to augment random walk inference over KBs. We present two improvements to the use of such large corpora to augment KB inference. First, we present a new technique for combining KB relations and surface text into a single graph representation that is much more compact than graphs used in prior work. Second, we describe how to incorporate vector space similarity into random walk inference over KBs, reducing the feature sparsity inherent in using surface text. This allows us to combine distributional similarity with symbolic logical inference in novel and effective ways. With experiments on many relations from two separate KBs, we show that our methods significantly outperform prior work on KB inference, both in the size of problem our methods can handle and in the quality of predictions made.
Two-Dimensional Gaseous Detonations: Velocity Deficit (1959)

The measured velocity of gaseous detonation waves is less than that predicted by the Chapman-Jouguet plane wave theory. The velocity deficit (difference between theoretical and measured velocities) has been found earlier to vary inversely with the tube diameter and initial pressure. A quantitative explanation of this effect is advanced by determining the growth of the viscous boundary layer on the tube wall and its effect upon the flow in the reaction zone of the detonation front. It is proposed that the boundary layer displacement effect within the reaction zone produces a uniform flow divergence throughout the detonation front. The velocity deficit due to this two-dimensional flow is determined, using measured values of reaction zone thickness. The agreement of the velocity deficit with measured values is within a factor of two for the five hydrogen-oxygen-inert gas mixtures and one acetylene-oxygen mixture for which sufficient data are available.
Power-Gated Arithmetic Circuits for Energy-Precision Tradeoffs in Mobile Graphics Processing Units (2011)

In mobile devices, limiting the Graphics Processing Unit's (GPU's) energy usage is of great importance to extending battery life. This work shows that significant energy savings can be obtained by reducing the precision of graphics computations, yet maintaining acceptable quality of the final rendered image. In particular, we focus on a portion of a typical graphics processor pipeline— the vertex transformation stage—and evaluate the tradeoff between energy efficiency and image fidelity. We first develop circuit-level designs of arithmetic components whose precision can be varied dynamically with fine-grained power gating techniques. Spice simulation is used to characterize each component's energy consumption, based on which a system-level energy model for the entire vertex stage is developed. We then use this energy model in conjunction with a graphics hardware simulator to determine the energy savings for real workloads. Results show that, solely by changing the precision of the arithmetic in the vertex shaders' ALUs, we can save up to 10% of the overall energy in the GPU. As promising as these savings are, we expect that our circuits and approach will enable energy-precision tradeoffs in other areas of the graphics pipeline, such as the pixel shader, which consume even more energy than the vertex shader.
Mesenchymal stromal cells from human perinatal tissues: From biology to cell therapy (2010)

Cell-based regenerative medicine is of growing interest in biomedical research. The role of stem cells in this context is under intense scrutiny and may help to define principles of organ regeneration and develop innovative therapeutics for organ failure. Utilizing stem and progenitor cells for organ replacement has been conducted for many years when performing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Since the first successful transplantation of umbilical cord blood to treat hematological malignancies, non-hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations have recently been identified within umbilical cord blood and other perinatal and fetal tissues. A cell population entitled mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) emerged as one of the most intensely studied as it subsumes a variety of capacities: MSCs can differentiate into various subtypes of the mesodermal lineage, they secrete a large array of trophic factors suitable of recruiting endogenous repair processes and they are immunomodulatory.Focusing on perinatal tissues to isolate MSCs, we will discuss some of the challenges associated with these cell types concentrating on concepts of isolation and expansion, the comparison with cells derived from other tissue sources, regarding phenotype and differentiation capacity and finally their therapeutic potential.
Humidity‐Sensitive Polypyrrole Films for Electro‐Active Polymer Actuators (2013)

Abstract Electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole (PPy) films undergo rapid and intensive bending in response to sorption of water vapor, which is applied to a new type of motor capable of transducing chemical free energy change of sorption directly into mechanical work. Furthermore, the PPy film contracts in air under an electric field, which is associated with desorption of water vapor due to Joule heating. This paper features an overview of our comprehensive study on the humidity‐sensitive PPy films and applications to electro‐active polymer actuators. Upon application of 3 V, the film generates contractile stress of 9.8 MPa which is 4 orders of magnitude larger than the gram‐force of its own weight (7.6 mgf) and is nearly 30 times that of skeletal muscle in animals (0.35 MPa). The work capacity increases with the applied voltage and reaches 48 kJ m −3 at 3 V, while the degree of contraction is about 1%. The ‘origami’ actuator fabricated by folding the PPy film exhibits a significant expansion as large as 147% at 2 V, which lies in the electrically induced changes in the elastic modulus of the humidity‐sensitive PPy film. Utilizing the origami technique, a biomorphic origami robot is fabricated, which can move with a caterpillar‐like motion by repeated expansion and contraction at a velocity of 2 cm min −1 .
Reflexiones acerca del cuidado humanizado y su relación con el estrés del cuidador en servicios de salud altamente tecnificados (2005)

El articulo comienza con una situacion hipotetica pero que se puede dar en la realidad y sobre todo puede ser muy comun en cualquier servicio de salud, sobre todo en unidades en donde es mas frecuente el riesgo de muerte o de dolor de las personas que denominamos y sus familias. La escena tiene importantes componentes humanos, eticos y conceptuales, ademas de algunos aspectos de la cotidianidad que es necesario evaluar y replantear. Para enfermeria, confluyen aqui, entre otros, dos aspectos relevantes: la complejidad de la practica del cuidado y el cuidado de quienes cuidan. El cuidado del cuidador surge como una condicion sin la cual no es posible el cuidado del otro. Aparece entonces la necesidad de pensar en las enfermeras como sujetos de cuidado, porque el concepto de estado de salud debe ser aplicado y pertinente a todos los sujetos que participan en los actos de cuidado. Con base en la historia narrada, se establecen consideraciones que tienen que ver con la parte emocional, con factores de estres, con el grado de percepcion de la situacion donde hay dolor y tristeza por parte del familiar del paciente. Todas estas consideraciones se evaluan desde el punto de vista del acto de cuidado. Hay que tener presente que en el ambiente de servicios de alta complejidad, es comun tener la oportunidad de compartir diversas situaciones de alta carga emocional con los pacientes y sus familias: duelo, sufrimiento, impotencia, riesgo de contagio; ademas, las condiciones de intimidad en los cuales se llevan a cabo un gran numero de procedimientos, generan acercamientos solidarios que se afianzan afectivamente entre el trabajador, el paciente y la familia y, esto necesariamente genera una serie de respuestas en los cuidadores directos, principalmente, vale decir, de las enfermeras.
Business benefits from enterprise modelling and integration (1997)

To remain competitive in global and volatile markets, a manufacturing enterprise needs to maintain close alignment between the operation of its business, social and IT systems. However results of a recent survey of business process engineering practice in the UK have shown that large scale IT system change is difficult to cost justify and achieve within satisfactory timescales. In this context the paper reports on potential benefits and current constraints when using: (1) enterprise modelling; (2) integration infrastructures; and (3) reusable business components.
Iridium-Catalyzed Chemoselective Reductive Nucleophilic Addition to <i>N</i>-Methoxyamides (2015)

Iridium-catalyzed reductive nucleophilic addition to N-methoxyamides is reported. The reaction took place in high yields in the presence of a variety of sensitive functional groups such as esters and nitro groups. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction of N-methoxyamides proceeded without equilibrium to an enamine intermediate in contrast to that with tert-amides.
Antioxidant Lignans and Chromone Glycosides from <i>Eurya japonica</i> (2013)

Four new 8,8',7,2'-lignans, (+)-ovafolinin B-9'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), (-)-ovafolinin B-9'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), (+)-ovafolinin E-9'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), and (-)-ovafolinin E-9'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), two neolignans, eusiderin N (5) and (7S,8R)-3,5,5'-trimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,3'-neolignan-9,9'-diol-4-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (6), and two new chromone glycosides, 5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7) and 5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one-3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (8), together with 25 known compounds, were isolated from the stems of Eurya japonica. Structural elucidation of compounds 1-8 was established by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques, electronic circular dichroism data, and comparison with reported data. The isolates were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-NO production activities. Compounds 1, 2, 12-20, and 29 (ED50 23.40 μM for 1) demonstrated potent antioxidant activity compared to the positive control α-tocopherol (ED50 27.21 μM). On the other hand, compounds 1, 2, 7-9, 12-20, and 32 showed only weak anti-NO production activity when compared to the positive control quercetin.
Bioinspired dual-stiffness origami (2018)

Origami manufacturing has led to considerable advances in the field of foldable structures with innovative applications in robotics, aerospace, and metamaterials. However, existing origami are either load-bearing structures that are prone to tear and fail if overloaded or resilient soft structures with limited load capability. In this manuscript, we describe an origami structure that displays both high load bearing and high resilience characteristics. The structure, which is inspired by insect wings, consists of a prestretched elastomeric membrane, akin to the soft resilin joints of insect wings, sandwiched between rigid tiles, akin to the rigid cuticles of insect wings. The dual-stiffness properties of the proposed structure are validated by using the origami as an element of a quadcopter frame that can withstand aerodynamic forces within its flight envelope but softens during collisions to avoid permanent damage. In addition, we demonstrate an origami gripper that can be used for rigid grasping but softens to avoid overloading of the manipulated objects.
Iterative Set Expansion of Named Entities Using the Web (2008)

Set expansion refers to expanding a partial set of "seed" objects into a more complete set. One system that does set expansion is SEAL (set expander for any language), which expands entities automatically by utilizing resources from the Web in a language independent fashion. In a previous study, SEAL showed good set expansion performance using three seed entities; however, when given a larger set of seeds (e.g., ten), SEAL's expansion method performs poorly. In this paper, we present iterative SEAL (iSEAL), which allows a user to provide many seeds. Briefly, iSEAL makes several calls to SEAL, each call using a small number of seeds. We also show that iSEAL can be used in a "bootstrapping" manner, where each call to SEAL uses a mixture of user-provided and self-generated seeds. We show that the bootstrapping version of iSEAL obtains better results than SEAL even when using fewer user-provided seeds. In addition, we compare the performance of various ranking algorithms used in iSEAL, and show that the choice of ranking method has a small effect on performance when all seeds are user-provided, but a large effect when iSEAL is bootstrapped. In particular, we show that random walk with restart is nearly as good as Bayesian sets with user-provided seeds, and performs best with bootstrapped seeds.
VCSEL-based smart pixels (2002)

Smart pixels incorporating vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have shown great potential for use in optical computing systems and photonic switching networks because the integration of the VCSEL makes optical circuits easy to construct. We have developed integration with a VCSEL, MESFETs, and a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector. In this device, both NOR- and OR-types of operation can be performed with the same circuit. The device operated at a high contrast ratio of more than 30 dB with optical gain. It also showed the 3-dB bandwidth of 220 MHz with 300-/spl mu/W input power. We recently proposed a novel structure that uses three-dimensional integration of the compound semiconductor thin-film and a silicon circuit. The VCSEL and photodetector layers are bonded onto a silicon circuit using polyimide. This method does not require any alignment before wafer bonding. The fabrication process for the photonic circuit is the same technology that is used in our monolithic integrated smart pixel, so it facilitates a wafer-scale fabrication process. To demonstrate this technology, we fabricated an MSM photodetector on a silicon substrate.
Stopped-Flow Mass Spectrometry with Rotating Ball Inlet:  Application to the Ketone−Sulfite Reaction (1998)

A new device for continuous introduction of aqueous sample into a mass spectrometer, the rotating ball inlet, was used in the construction of a stopped-flow mass spectrometer. The rotating ball drags sample adhering to its surface past a polymer gasket into the vacuum of the mass spectrometer, where it evaporates and is ionized by electron impact. When the rotation of the ball is turned on or off, the mass spectrometric signal of an organic volatile solute responds with a half-time of 0.1 s, indicating the intrinsic response time of the mass spectrometer. There are no other significant contributions to the response time, and concentration transients with half-times down to 1 s can be recorded. Utilizing a flow cell version of the rotating ball inlet in conjunction with a stopped-flow device, we have studied the reactions of acetone and butanone with S(IV) species by recording transients in the concentrations of the ketones. Pseudo-first-order rate constants were determined at varying pH values. Second-order rate constants for the reactions of sulfite and bisulfite ions with acetone and butanone were determined.
Transfer and non-transfer stacking technologies based on chip-to-wafer self-asembly for high-throughput and high-precision alignment and microbump bonding (2015)

Two types of high-throughput and high-precision multichip-to-wafer 3D stacking approaches are demonstrated: one is non-transfer stacking and the other one is transfer stacking. Both the stacking approaches employ a self-assembly technologies using liquid surface tension. In the former stacking scheme, large number of chips having 20-μm-square Cu/SnAg microbumps are directly self-assembled face-down on an interposer wafer, like flip-chip bonding. On the other hand, in the latter stacking scheme, the many chips having the microbumps are self-assembled face-up on a carrier wafer with bipolar electrodes for electrostatic chucking. Then, the latter chips are transferred from the carrier to another interposer in wafer-level processing. The alignment accuracies are evaluated and compared between the two stacking approaches. The resulting daisy chains show good electrical properties comparable to conventional flip-chip bonding.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORINATED CARBOHYDRATES. 2. SELECTIVE FLUORINATION OF GLUCO‐ AND MANNOPYRANOSIDES. USE OF 2‐D NMR FOR STRUCTURAL ASSIGNMENTS (1984)

Abstract In zahlreichen Zuckerderivaten werden OH‐Gruppen selektiv mit Diethylaminoschwefeltrifluorid (II) gegen Fluor ausgetauscht, wobei in 3‐ oder 4‐Stellung quantitativ eine Inversion erfolgt.
Normal and leukemic SCID-repopulating cells (SRC) coexist in the bone marrow and peripheral blood from CML patients in chronic phase, whereas leukemic SRC are detected in blast crisis (1996)

Progress in understanding the abnormal regulation of hematopoiesis in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) would be facilitated if neoplastic cells, at all stages of the disease, could be studied in an animal model. In this report, we show that irradiated severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice can be transplanted with both normal (Philadelphia chromosome [Ph]-negative) and neoplastic (Ph+) cells from CML patients with either chronic or blast phase disease. Mice transplanted with peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow (BM) cells from 9 of 12 chronic phase CML patients were well engrafted with human cells including multilineage colony-forming progenitors and CD34+ cells for at least 90 days posttransplantation. Repeated posttransplant injections of cytokines did not enhance the number of engrafted human cells. Interestingly, approximately 70% of the human progenitors found in the engrafted SCID BM were Ph-, suggesting that the growth of primitive normal cells is favored in this in vivo transplant model. A similar number of normal cells were found in mice transplanted with either PB or BM cells, suggesting that elevated numbers of primitive normal cells are present in CML PB. When cells from patients with CML in either myeloid or lymphoid blast crisis were transplanted into SCID mice, the BM of these mice was more rapidly repopulated and to a higher level than that observed with transplants of chronic phase cells. Moreover, all human colony-forming progenitors present in the BM of mice transplanted with blast crisis cells were Ph+, and the majority of cells showed the same morphological features of the blast crisis cells originally transplanted. These experiments provide a starting point for the creation of an animal model of CML and establish the feasibility of using this model for the future characterization of transplantable CML stem cells during disease progression.
Alliin Lyase from Garlic,<i>Allium sativum:</i>Investigations on Enzyme/Substrate, Enzyme/Inhibitor Interactions, and on a New Coenzyme (1989)

A purified alliin lyase (EC 4.4.1.4) from garlic ( ALLIUM SATIVUM L.) has been characterized by kinetic and spectral data under the addition of different substrates, inhibitors, and reducing agents. Hydroxylamine sulfate (50 microM) inhibited the alliinase activity by nearly 90%. Rotenone revealed a similar effect at a concentration of 10 nano-molar. Examination of L-cysteine, and a series of related compounds, on a competitive inhibitory effect on the alliinase-catalyzed alliin cleavage resulted in a list of essential functional groups for substances with this property. Spectral studies on the purified, yellow appearing alliinase enzyme confirmed the existance of an unknown flavinecoenzyme.
Smilax glyciphylla: the Australian native sarsaparilla (2003)

The authors overview the traditional use of Smilax glyciphylla and discuss their research on the antioxidant effects of an extract prepared from the leaves. (non-author abstract)
Formation of hydrogen-bonded complexes between phenol and some heterocyclic bases in carbon tetrachloride (1987)

The mixtures of phenol and some heterocyclic bases of biological importance have been studied by i.r. spectroscopy in CCl4 and equilibrium constants (K) and thermodynamic data (ΔH, ΔG, ΔS) have been determined at 25 and 40 °C. The formation constants of hydrogen-bridged phenol complexes were found to be related to the protonation constants of the bases, but no strict linearity can be proved in many cases. The participation of the non-bonded electron pair of the heteroatom in the π-system of the rings plays a dominating role in the proton-acceptor processes.