gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-tumor activities of four chelating agents against human neuroblastoma cells. (2005)

For SH-Sy5y cells, DTPA showed the strongest inhibiting effect, DFO displayed a moderate inhibiting effect, while 2LL and EDTA produced minor inhibition. To develop iron chelators as powerful anti-cancer agents is still a challenging task.
Photovoltaic mismatch losses caused by moving clouds (2017)

Mismatch losses is a major issue in the photovoltaic (PV) system and are mainly caused by partial shading; largest mismatch losses are caused by sharp shadows. These shadows are a typical problem for rooftop and residential installations. In large-scale PV plants, partial shading is mostly caused by moving clouds which produce gentle irradiance transitions causing typically only minor irradiance differences between adjacent PV modules. This paper presents a study of the mismatch losses of PV arrays with various layouts and electrical configurations during around 27,000 irradiance transitions identified in measured irradiance data. The overall effect of the mismatch losses caused by moving clouds on the energy production of PV plants was also studied. The study was conducted using a mathematical model of irradiance transitions and an experimentally verified MATLAB/Simulink model of a PV module. The relative mismatch losses during the identified irradiance transitions ranged from 1.4% to 4.0% depending on the electrical configuration and layout of the PV array. The overall effect of the mismatch losses caused by moving clouds on the total electricity production of PV arrays was about 0.5% for the PV array with strings of 28 PV modules and substantially smaller for arrays with shorter strings. The proportions of the total mismatch losses caused by very dark or highly transparent clouds were small. About 70% of the total mismatch losses were caused by shadow edges with shading strengths ranging between 40% and 80%. These results indicate that the mismatch losses caused by moving clouds are not a major problem for large-scale PV plants. An interesting finding from a practical point of view is that the mismatch losses increase the rate of power fluctuations compared to the rate of irradiance fluctuations.
A New System for Visual Axis Measurements in the Human Eye Using Ultrasound (1967)

An A-scan ultrasound system is described which allows visualization along the ultrasonic path to assure alignment with the patient's visual axis. A special "sound collimator" produces a 2-mm beam from a 10-megacycle transducer which is aimed through a water column and eye cup mounted in such a way as not to cause contact deformation of the globe. Measurements are made from gated portions of the signal with an electronic interval counter and a photographic record is taken.
Infectious Typhlitis in chickens caused by spirochetes (1986)

A weakly haemolytic spirochete was detected with an unabsorbed fluorescent antiserum to Treponema hyodysenteriae in smears and cultures of scrapings of caecal mucosa of laying hens with diarrhoea. Two groups of experimental chickens were fed a pure culture of this spirochete or homogenated intestinal contents of affected birds. Both groups showed clinical signs of disease such as increased water content of faecal material and slight retardation of growth. A non-specific typhlitis which histologically resembled milder forms of swine dysentery was seen in the birds from which spirochetes were isolated. The isolate obtained differed in cultural, biochemical, anti-genic and morphological characteristics from T. hyodysenteriae. The pathological significance of intestinal spirochetes and their possible epidemiological relation to swine dysentery are discussed.
Finite state testing and analysis of graphical user interfaces (2005)

Based on finite-state automata (FSA) and equivalent regular expressions, the paper introduces a holistic view of fault modeling that can be carried out as a complementary step to system modeling, revealing much rationalization potential. Appropriate formal notions will be used to introduce efficient algorithms to systematically generate and select test cases. The completeness of the test can be determined exploiting the link coverage of the state transition diagram of the FSA that models both the desired and undesired behavior of the system under test; this enables a precise scalability of the test and analysis process, leading to a better cost-effectiveness The elements of the approach will be narrated by realistic examples which will be used also to validate the approach.
Chains of crystalline-Si nanospheres: growth and properties (2005)

Chains of crystalline-Si nanospheres (Si nanochains), in which Si nanocrystallites are connected by amorphous Si oxide periodically in nearly equal spacing forming a chain-like one-dimensional structure, have been fabricated via a self-organized formation process. In this paper, we review our recent studies and extend results on structural analysis, formation mechanism and properties of Si nanochains. The structure have been revealed by transmission electron microscopy-based approaches including high-resolution imaging, energy-filtered imaging and energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis. The one-dimensional growth was attributed to the well-known vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. A formation mechanism of the chain-like structure was proposed: periodical change in diameter in Si nanowire growth and self-limiting surface oxidation during growth. The former was evidenced through numerical simulations of nanowire growth catalyzed by a molten droplet, and the latter through energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy observations. We also developed a method of high-yield chain growth by adding metal impurities such as Pb to the Au catalyst. By adding such metal impurities, a periodic instability in the wetting angle of the catalysts was promoted. Using the dense chain samples, we observed a phonon-confinement effect in the Si nanocrystallites by Raman scattering and also found that the Si nanocrystallites in the nanochains were under compressive stress. We also observed photoluminescence in visible-light region, and the luminescence was tentatively attributed to the exciton recombination in the Si oxide. Electronic transport property of the Si nanochains characterized well the chain-like feature: staircases were observed in I-V curves. The result opens possibility that Si nanochains can be used as components of single-electron devices. Finally, it was demonstrated that more complex nanostructures can be fabricated using Si nanochains as templates. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2005.131]
Dynamic spectrum allocation in composite reconfigurable wireless networks (2004)

Future wireless systems are expected to be characterized by increasing convergence between networks and further development of reconfigurable radio systems. In parallel with this, demand for radio spectrum from these systems will increase, as users take advantage of high quality multimedia services. This article aims to investigate and review the possibilities for the dynamic allocation of spectrum to different radio networks operating in a composite reconfigurable wireless system. The article first looks into the current interest of regulators in this area, before describing some possible schemes to implement dynamic spectrum allocation and showing some example performance results. Following this, the technical requirements that a DSA system would have, in terms of reconfigurable system implementation, are discussed.
Highly enantioselective asymmetric autocatalysis of 2‐alkenyl‐ and 2‐vinyl‐5‐pyrimidyl alkanols with significant amplification of enantiomeric excess (2002)

2-Alkenyl- and 2-vinyl-5-pyrimidyl alkanols are highly enantioselective asymmetric autocatalysts with significant amplification of enantiomeric excess in the enantioselective addition of diisopropylzinc to 2-alkenyl- and 2-vinylpyrimidine-5-carbaldehydes. Consecutive asymmetric autocatalysis starting from 7% ee increases the ee of pyrimidyl alkanol up to 99% without the need for any other chiral auxillary.
The processing of form documents (2002)

An overview of an approach to the generic modeling and processing of known forms is presented. The system provides a methodology by which models are generated from regions in the document based on their usage. Automatic extraction of an optimal set of features to be used for registration is proposed, and it is shown how specialized detectors can be designed for each feature based on their position, orientation and width properties. Registration of the form with the model is accomplished using probing to establish correspondence. Form components which are corrupted by markings are detected and isolated, the intersections are interpreted and the properties of the non-form markings are used to reconstruct the strokes through the intersections. The feasibility of these ideas is demonstrated through an implementation of key components of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Brain glycogen re‐awakened (2004)

The mammalian brain contains glycogen, which is located predominantly in astrocytes, but its function is unclear. A principal role for brain glycogen as an energy reserve, analogous to its role in the periphery, had been universally dismissed based on its relatively low concentration, an assumption apparently reinforced by the limited duration that the brain can function in the absence of glucose. However, during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, where brain glucose availability is limited, glycogen content falls first in areas with the highest metabolic rate, suggesting that glycogen provides fuel to support brain function during pathological hypoglycaemia. General anaesthesia results in elevated brain glycogen suggesting quiescent neurones allow glycogen accumulation, and as long ago as the 1950s it was shown that brain glycogen accumulates during sleep, is mobilized upon waking, and that sleep deprivation results in region-specific decreases in brain glycogen, implying a supportive functional role for brain glycogen in the conscious, awake brain. Interest in brain glycogen has recently been re-awakened by the first continuous in vivo measurements using NMR spectroscopy, by the general acceptance of metabolic coupling between glia and neurones involving intercellular transfer of energy substrate, and by studies supporting a prominent physiological role for brain glycogen as a provider of supplemental energy substrate during periods of increased tissue energy demand, when ambient normoglycaemic glucose is unable to meet immediate energy requirements.
A Correspondence Variational Autoencoder for Unsupervised Acoustic Word Embeddings (2020)

We propose a new unsupervised model for mapping a variable-duration speech segment to a fixed-dimensional representation. The resulting acoustic word embeddings can form the basis of search, discovery, and indexing systems for low- and zero-resource languages. Our model, which we refer to as a maximal sampling correspondence variational autoencoder (MCVAE), is a recurrent neural network (RNN) trained with a novel self-supervised correspondence loss that encourages consistency between embeddings of different instances of the same word. Our training scheme improves on previous correspondence training approaches through the use and comparison of multiple samples from the approximate posterior distribution. In the zero-resource setting, the MCVAE can be trained in an unsupervised way, without any ground-truth word pairs, by using the word-like segments discovered via an unsupervised term discovery system. In both this setting and a semi-supervised low-resource setting (with a limited set of ground-truth word pairs), the MCVAE outperforms previous state-of-the-art models, such as Siamese-, CAE- and VAE-based RNNs.
Two steps forward—one step back: Advances in affinity purification mass spectrometry of macromolecular complexes (2012)

Cellular functions are defined by the dynamic interactions of proteins within macromolecular networks. Deciphering these complex interplays is the key to getting a comprehensive picture of cellular behavior and to understanding biological systems, from a simple bacterial cell to highly regulated neuronal cells or cancerous tissue. In the last decade, affinity purification (AP) coupled to mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful tool to comprehensively study interaction networks and their macromolecular assemblies. This review discusses recent advances in AP approaches, from cell lysis to the importance of sample preparation and the choice of AP matrix as well as the development of different epitope tags and strategies to study dynamic interactions, with an emphasis on RNA-protein interaction networks.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Vacuolar H+-ATPase B2 Subunit Gene in Differentiating THP-1 Cells (1995)

Monocyte-macrophage differentiation was used as a model system for studying gene regulation of the human vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase). We examined mRNA levels of various V-ATPase subunits during differentiation of both native monocytes and the cell line THP-1, and found that transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms could account for increases in cell V-ATPase content. From nuclear runoff experiments, we found that one subunit in particular, the B2 isoform (Mr = 56,000), was amplified primarily by transcriptional means. We have begun to examine the structure of the B2 subunit promoter region. Isolation and sequencing of the first exon and 5'-flanking region of this gene reveal a TATA-less promoter with a high G + C content. Primer extension and ribonuclease protection analyses indicate a single major transcriptional start site. We transfected promoter-luciferase reporter plasmids into THP-1 cells to define sequences that mediate transcriptional control during monocyte differentiation. We found that sequences downstream from the transcriptional start site were sufficient to confer increased expression during THP-1 differentiation. DNase I footprinting and sequence analysis revealed the existence of multiple AP2 and Sp1 binding sites in the 5'-untranslated and proximal coding regions.
The role of lasers and intense pulsed light technology in dermatology (2016)

The role of light-based technologies in dermatology has expanded dramatically in recent years. Lasers and intense pulsed light have been used to safely and effectively treat a diverse array of cutaneous conditions, including vascular and pigmented lesions, tattoos, scars, and undesired hair, while also providing extensive therapeutic options for cosmetic rejuvenation and other dermatologic conditions. Dermatologic laser procedures are becoming increasingly popular worldwide, and demand for them has fueled new innovations and clinical applications. These systems continue to evolve and provide enhanced therapeutic outcomes with improved safety profiles. This review highlights the important roles and varied clinical applications that lasers and intense pulsed light play in the dermatologic practice.
Novel model for the in vivo study of central nervous system infection due to Acanthamoeba spp. (T4 genotype) (2009)

In this study it was shown for what is believed to be the first time that the African migratory locust can be used as a model for the study of Acanthamoeba pathogenesis. Mature adult locusts were injected intra-abdominally with 10 mul suspension of 10(6) Acanthamoeba (a clinical isolate of the T4 genotype) in culture medium, or with the same volume of sterile culture medium. Locusts injected with Acanthamoeba showed significant weight loss and reduced production of faeces compared with control locusts. Furthermore, injection of amoebae killed all of the locusts within 17 days at room temperature, although the speed of kill was temperature and dose dependent. When samples of faecal pellets and various tissues of infected locusts were cultured on non-nutrient agar plates containing bacterial lawns, live amoebae were recovered from haemolymph, flight muscle and fat body samples, but not from faeces. When brains dissected from locusts were incubated with an anti-amoebic drug (100 muM chlorhexidine) to kill extracellular amoebae, and then washed, homogenized and cultured on bacteria-seeded non-nutrient agar plates, only lysates from amoebae-infected locusts were positive for Acanthamoeba. This strongly suggests that amoebae invade the locust brain and, indeed, trophozoites of Acanthamoeba could be identified within the brain in histological sections of brains from infected locusts, but not from uninfected locusts. These findings support the view that locusts can be used as a model for the study of Acanthamoeba pathogenesis in vivo.
Temporal Multi-View Inconsistency Detection for Network Traffic Analysis (2015)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of identifying inconsistent hosts in large-scale enterprise networks by mining multiple views of temporal data collected from the networks. The time-varying behavior of hosts is typically consistent across multiple views, and thus hosts that exhibit inconsistent behavior are possible anomalous points to be further investigated. To achieve this goal, we develop an effective approach that extracts common patterns hidden in multiple views and detects inconsistency by measuring the deviation from these common patterns. Specifically, we first apply various anomaly detectors on the raw data and form a three-way tensor (host, time, detector) for each view. We then develop a joint probabilistic tensor factorization method to derive the latent tensor subspace, which captures common time-varying behavior across views. Based on the extracted tensor subspace, an inconsistency score is calculated for each host that measures the deviation from common behavior. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on two enterprise-wide network-based anomaly detection tasks. An enterprise network consists of multiple hosts (servers, desktops, laptops) and each host sends/receives a time-varying number of bytes across network protocols (e.g.,TCP, UDP, ICMP) or send URL requests to DNS under various categories. The inconsistent behavior of a host is often a leading indicator of potential issues (e.g., instability, malicious behavior, or hardware malfunction). We perform experiments on real-world data collected from IBM enterprise networks, and demonstrate that the proposed method can find hosts with inconsistent behavior that are important to cybersecurity applications.
A new approach to perform circuit verification using O(n) algorithms (2002)

The paper presents an approach to perform circuit verification, particularly design rule checking (DRC) and circuit extraction, using a very fast data structure, which supports O(n) algorithms. A hierarchical DRC using such a data structure is described by using an object oriented programming methodology. The paper discusses the main problems involved in geometric verification and presents a suitable language to describe the design rules. The paper also discusses the main algorithms employed to implement the DRC and analyses their applicability to circuit extraction. Finally, the hierarchical operation of the DRC is addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New Developments in Piston Rings for the Modern Diesel Engine (1975)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents unpublished data on new coating developments, new piston ring designs, and design considerations for the modern diesel engine. Data on the current state of the art of compression ring coatings along with technical data on new generation coatings are included as well as data on ring designs and/or design considerations which may be used to improve engine performance and life with respect to blow-by and oil control.</div>
Double-Stage Taper for Coupling Between SOI Waveguides and Single-Mode Fiber (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A low-loss polarization-independent and wavelength-insensitive mode converter is demonstrated for coupling between standard single-mode fiber (SMF) and 1.5-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\mu$</tex></formula>m-thick silicon waveguides. This mode converter consists of a double-stage taper fabricated using planar processing. Optical testing results show facet loss of approximately <emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$-$</tex></formula></emphasis>1.5 dB/facet, for TE and TM polarizations across a wide wavelength range. </para>
Alternative Wnt Pathways and Receptors (2012)

In addition to activating β-catenin/TCF transcriptional complexes, Wnt proteins can elicit a variety of other responses. These are often lumped together under the denominator "alternative" or "non-canonical" Wnt signaling, but they likely comprise distinct signaling events. In this article, I discuss how the use of different ligand and receptor combinations is thought to give rise to these alternative Wnt-signaling responses. Although many of the biochemical details remain to be resolved, it is evident that alternative Wnt signaling plays important roles in regulating tissue morphogenesis during embryonic development.
Defective Sign & Encrypt in S/MIME, PKCS#7, MOSS, PEM, PGP, and XML (2001)

Simple Sign &amp; Encrypt, by itself, is not very secure. Cryptographers know this well, but application programmers and standards authors still tend to put too much trust in simple Sign-and-Encrypt. In fact, every secure e-mail protocol, old and new, has codified naive Sign &amp; Encrypt as acceptable security practice. S/MIME, PKCS#7, PGP, OpenPGP, PEM, and MOSS all suffer from this flaw. Similarly, the secure document protocols PKCS#7, XML-Signature, and XML-Encryption suffer from the same flaw. Naive Sign &amp; Encrypt appears only in file-security and mailsecurity applications, but this narrow scope is becoming more important to the rapidly-growing class of commercial users. With file- and mail-encryption seeing widespread use, and with flawed encryption in play, we can expect widespread exposures.
IP telephony: packet-based multimedia communications systems (2000)

I recommend this book to all VoIP engineers, analysts, and IT managers who really want to know what they are talking about on the net, enjoy! -Jeff Pulver, founder of the VON (Voice On the Net) coalition, and the founder and president of pulver.comInternet Telephony is now one of the most important and fastest growing technologies on the Internet, providing a viable technical and economical alternative to current telecommunication networks. Network providers and major companies are thus investigating how this emerging technology can be implemented, and at what cost and savings, in their organizations. This book provides a comprehensive practical overview of the technology behind Internet Telephony, giving essential information to IT professionals who need to understand the background and explore the issues involved in migrating the existing telephony infrastructure to an IP based real time communication service. Assuming a working knowledge of IP and ISDN networking, it addresses the technical aspects of real-time applications over IP, with an in-depth coverage of voice and video applications and protocols. Drawing on their extensive research and practical development experience in VoIP from its earliest stages, the authors give you access to all the relevant standards and cutting-edge techniques in a single resource. IP Telephony is organized into three clearly structured sections, focusing on protocols, voice technology and networks with a step-by-step approach. The protocols section sets IP telephony in context and then covers H.323, SIP and MGCP in detail, examining in turn their pros and cons, and using examples of particular cases and scenarios. The voice technology section describes voice quality, including the ETSI TIPHON approach, and voice coding, with summary comments on the applicability to VoIP telephone gateways. The final section on networks addresses Quality of Service (QoS) issues, explores dimensioning a VoIP network, and introduces Multicast routing, including a perspective on security and MBONE applications.