gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Microscopy of the Adult Zebrafish (2006)

Magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) is an imaging modality that allows for noninvasive acquisition of high-resolution images in intact opaque animals. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an important model organism for the study of vertebrate biology. However, optical in vivo studies in zebrafish are restricted to very early developmental stages due to the opacity of the juvenile and adult stages. Application of high resolution MRM has not yet been explored in adult zebrafish. In this study we applied and optimized high resolution MRM methods to examine anatomical structures noninvasively in adult zebrafish. Clear morphological proton images were obtained by T(2)-weighted spin echo and rapid acquisition with rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) sequences which revealed many anatomical details in the entire intact zebrafish at a magnetic field strength of 9.4 T. In addition, in vivo imaging of adult zebrafish revealed sufficient anatomical details. To our knowledge this is the first report of the application of high resolution MRM to study detailed anatomical structures in adult zebrafish.
Study of the possibility of increasing the probing depth by the method of reflection confocal microscopy upon immersion clearing of near-surface human skin layers (2002)

The possibility of increasing the human-skin probing depth by the method of\nreflection confocal microscopy (RCM) upon decreasing the amplitude of spatial\nfluctuations of the refractive index of the upper skin layers is considered. A\nchange in the probing depth is estimated by analysing the spatial distribution\nof the probability density of the effective optical paths of detected photons\ncalculated by the Monte Carlo method. The results of the numerical simulation\nare interpreted within the framework of the possible application of RCM to the\nstudy of the human skin exposed to an immersion liquid compatible to it. A\ndiffusion of the immersion agent into the skin depth involves the equalising of\nthe refractive indices of the structural elements of near-surface skin layers,\nwhich in turn causes a decrease in the scattering intensity and a certain\nincrease in the transparency of the upper tissue layers. It is shown that a\ndecrease in the light scattering in the near-surface skin layers leads to a\nsignificant increase in the probing depth obtained with the RCM technique.
Efficacy of antiaggregants for the pine engraver, <i>Ips</i><i>pini</i> (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1994)

The responses of pine engravers, Ipspini (Say), in British Columbia to ipsdienol-baited traps containing low, medium, and high dose rates of the antiaggregants verbenone and ipsenol, released from impregnated polyethylene and polypropylene beads, respectively, remained significantly lower than responses to ipsdienol-baited control traps throughout the spring. During the summer, the responses remained low only in traps containing medium and high dose rates of impregnated beads. Antiaggregant treatment densities of 100 and 400 bubble cap release points per hectare reduced the numbers of pine engravers caught in ipsdienol-baited, multiple-funnel traps by 66.1 and 76.8%, respectively. In 50 × 50 m thinning-simulation plots treated with a broadcast distribution of antiaggregant-impregnated beads in 1990, 32.9% of the felled lodgepole pines, Pinuscontorta Dougl., were attacked; in untreated control plots, 53.1% were attacked. The mean attack density per square metre of available bark surface in the treated plots (1.3) was significantly lower than that in the untreated plots (1.9); however, where attack occurred there was no difference (8.8 and 9.4 attacks/m 2 , respectively). In a 1991 experiment, verbenone- and ipsenol-impregnated beads were applied to 15 × 15 m thinning-simulation plots at initial release rates of 2.5 mg of verbenone and 0.05 mg of ipsenol per square metre of ground surface per day, and at double these rates. For three treatments, low and high rates 3 weeks prior to the first attack by I. pini and a high rate 2 weeks prior to attack, the mean attacks per square metre of available bark surface per week were reduced by 77.1, 82.9, and 97.1%, respectively, compared with attacks on felled pines in untreated control plots. The results of these experiments suggest that a timely application of broadcast antiaggregants would prevent the development of an outbreak population of I. pini.
Changes in the rate of oxygen consumption in synchronous cultures of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces <i>Pombe</i> (1990)

Oxygen consumption was measured with an oxygen electrode in synchronous cultures of S. pombe. There were changes during the cell cycle in the rate of oxygen uptake, which are most clearly shown as oscillations in acceleration curves (rate of the rate of uptake). Under various conditions of selection and induction synchrony the acceleration curves are similar to those found earlier for CO2 production. As with CO2 production, the oscillations continued after a block to the DNA-division cycle. There were, however, two differences between oxygen uptake and CO2 production. The oxygen oscillations were more marked and also were out of phase by half a cycle. The respiratory coefficient therefore changes through the cycle.
Adaptation to the environment: <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, a paradigm for recombination‐mediated genetic plasticity? (2000)

Genetic plasticity plays a central role in the biology of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. This is illustrated by the existence of at least 90 different capsular types (the polysaccharide capsule has an essential antiphagocytic function) as well as by the rapid emergence of penicillin-resistant (PenR) pneumococcal isolates. Natural genetic transformation is believed to be essential for this genetic plasticity; capsular types can be switched by intraspecies transformation, whereas interspecies transformation is responsible for the appearance, in the PenR isolates, of mosaic pbp genes, which encode proteins with reduced affinity for penicillin. Data on the regulation of competence for transformation in S. pneumoniae, on the control of intra- and interspecies genetic exchange and on the shuffling and capture of exogenous sequences during transformation are reviewed. Possible links between transformation and changes in environmental conditions are discussed, and the adaptive 'strategy' deduced for S. pneumoniae is compared with that of Escherichia coli.
Aspergilloxide, A Novel Sesterterpene Epoxide from a Marine-Derived Fungus of the Genus <i>Aspergillus</i> (2002)

[structure: see text]. A new sesterterpene epoxide-diol, aspergilloxide (1), was isolated from the extract of a cultured marine-derived fungus (strain CNM-713) identified as an undescribed member of the genus Aspergillus. The structure of 1 was determined by interpretation of NMR data and by chemical methods. The absolute stereochemistry of aspergilloxide was assigned by application of the modified Mosher method. The carbon skeleton of 1 represents a new addition to the architectural diversity of the sesterterpenoid (C25) class of secondary metabolites.
Synthesis and biological activity of methyl 3-demethyl-abscisate and its related analogs. (1982)

To elucidate the role of the methyl substituent on the side chain of abscisic acid (ABA), we synthesized (2Z, 4E)-3-demethyl-α-ionylideneacetic acid (4) and its related analogs, methyl (2Z)-3-demethyl-β-ionylideneacetate 1', 2'-epoxide (9) and methyl (2Z) and (2E)-3-demethyl-abscisate (12) and (13). The biological assay of these compounds suggested that the 3-methyl group on the side chain of ABA was indispensable to biological activity.
Mixed Polymerization of Butenes by Solid Phosphric Acid Catalyst (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMixed Polymerization of Butenes by Solid Phosphric Acid CatalystV. N. Ipatieff and R. E. SchaadCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1938, 30, 5, 595–599Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50341a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50341a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Promising Immunomodulatory Effects of Selected Strains of Dairy Propionibacteria as Evidenced <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2010)

ABSTRACT Immunomodulatory properties of 10 dairy propionibacteria, analyzed on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), revealed a highly strain-dependent induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). Two selected strains of Propionibacterium freudenreichii showed a protective effect against two models of colitis in mice, suggesting a probiotic potential predicted by immune-based selection criteria for these cheese starter bacteria.
Analysis of the 1.1-Mb Human α/δ T-Cell Receptor Locus with Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Clones (1997)

Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones are effective mapping and sequencing reagents. The 1.1-Mb alpha/delta T-cell receptor locus of humans was mapped and partially sequenced with BAC clones. Seventeen BAC clones covered the 1.1-Mb alpha/delta locus, with the exception of one small gap that was expected from the coverage that a 3.7-fold BAC library is likely to provide. The end sequences of the BAC inserts could be obtained directly from the BAC DNA by sequencing with the chain terminator chemistry. Five complete BAC inserts were sequenced directly by the shotgun approach. The ends of the 17 BAC inserts were distributed evenly across the locus. By several independent criteria, the BAC clones faithfully represented the genomic DNA, with the exception of a single clone with a 68-kb deletion. These BAC features led to the proposal of a new approach to sequence the human genome.
Rational Synthesis of Stable Channel-Like Cavities with Methane Gas Adsorption Properties: [{Cu2(pzdc)2(L)}n] (pzdc=pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate; L=a Pillar Ligand) (1999)

Stable tunable channels are formed by pillared-layer-type coordination networks [{Cu2(pzdc)2(L)}n] (pzdc = pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate; L = pyrazine, 4,4′-bipyridine, N-(4-pyridyl)isonicotinamide). Not only their channel sizes, shapes, and chemical environments are systematically built up by tuning the pillar ligands, but also the porosity is maintained in the absence of the included guest molecules. These compounds can adsorb methane, and the amount of gas adsorption is controllable by the type of pillar ligands.
Implant Site Development: Clinical Realities of Today and the Prospects of Tissue Engineering (2004)

The success of dental implants depends on their placement in bone of adequate density and volume in order to achieve primary stability. Optimal esthetics of implants requires their placement in a position approximating that of the natural teeth they replace. However, there is generally at least some degree of atrophy in the sites where implants are to be placed. This atrophy may occur either before or after tooth extraction. Following extraction of teeth, there is commonly alveolar ridge resorption in horizontal and vertical dimensions. Alternatively, some of the oral hard and soft tissues may be destroyed by pathologic conditions such as periodontitis, endodontic infections, or trauma. All of these conditions may potentially compromise the final esthetics and function of implant-supported restorations. During the initial years of the development of the osseointegration protocol, implants were placed with little or no modification of implant sites. Though osseointegration was successfully achieved, esthetic outcome was not a primary objective of therapy at that time. A gradual paradigm shift has occurred in implant dentistry from merely achieving successful osseointegration to achieving final restorative outcomes that mimic natural dentition and their surrounding oral tissues. These objectives have been materialized by advancements in surgical techniques, as well as availability of biomaterials to enable predictable regeneration of oral hard and soft tissues. The objective of the present review is to briefly discuss some of the techniques that are currently available for implant site development.
葉慈《塔》中書寫之場所及想像旅程 (2012)

This thesis investigates the relationship between The Tower and Yeats’s Galway tower, Thoor Ballylee, as his symbol of art and place of writing. I argue that The Tower represents an imaginative journey and reflects Yeats’s sustained meditation on the founding moments of his native country. The first chapter offers a background survey of the historical context in which most of the Tower poems were written, and examines the two main factors that had motivated Yeats’s return to the political and cultural center of Ireland in the 1920s. The second chapter beings with an investigation of the literary and occult associations of the tower symbol most relevant to Yeats’s understanding, and seeks to tease out the topographic significance of Thoor Ballylee in completing the tower symbol and becoming Yeats’s place of writing. The third chapter analyzes how The Tower can be read as an imaginative journey of the poet’s repeated disengagement and reengagement with contemporaneous Irish history, which begins from the problem of old age and questioning of the artist’s role, through a “dreaming back” of Ireland’s volatile and violent recent past in the early 1920s, discovers an ideal image for the unity of being for both community and individual, and finally concludes in the contentment and equanimity of the mind’s “wandering.” In the process, the place of writing has also become the written place in the work. By doing so, this thesis hopes to provide new vantage points from which to reexamine and appreciate one of Yeats’s finest poetry collections.
Effects of Guar-Enriched Pasta in the Treatment of Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia (1984)

The effect of an alimentary pasta with a 20% (w/w) content of Guar gum was tested in normal volunteers, diabetic and hyperlipidemic patients in different out- and in-patient protocols. Acute experiments (A, B) were carried out in healthy volunteers and in diabetics, by evaluating plasma glucose, triglyceride and insulin changes after a single meal. Plasma glucose and triglyceride rises were almost completely prevented by the pasta in normal volunteers; plasma insulin levels were modified to a lesser extent. In diabetics, the rise of plasma glucose after the meal was significantly delayed. The pasta was also administered for more prolonged periods of time to diabetic and hyperlipidemic patients (experiments C-E). In the first instance, a significant improvement both in the plasma glucose levels, as well as in the daily glucose profile and glycosuria was observed. In hyperlipidemics, a reduction of triglyceride levels was particularly evident; however, in mixed types of hyperlipidemias, a significant hypocholesterolemic effect was also demonstrated. Guar gum pasta may provide a simple dietary addition for the management of common metabolic disorders.
Prianosins B,C, and D, novel sulfur-containing alkaloids with potent antineoplastic activity from the Okinawan marine sponge Prianos melanos (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrianosins B,C, and D, novel sulfur-containing alkaloids with potent antineoplastic activity from the Okinawan marine sponge Prianos melanosJie Fei Cheng, Yasushi Ohizumi, Markus R. Walchli, Hideshi Nakamura, Yoshimasa Hirata, Takuma Sasaki, and Junichi KobayashiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 19, 4621–4624Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00254a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00254a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Imaging through scattering (2015)

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2015.
Pathogen-derived resistance to dengue type 2 virus in mosquito cells by expression of the premembrane coding region of the viral genome (1996)

The full-length premembrane (prM) coding region of the dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2; Jamaica) genome was expressed in C6/36 (Aedes albopictus) cells in either the sense or the antisense orientation from a double subgenomic Sindbis (dsSIN) virus. Northern (RNA) blot analysis confirmed the expression of sense or antisense DEN-2 prM RNA in infected C6/36 cells. PrM protein was demonstrated in cells infected with dsSIN virus expressing DEN-2 sense RNAs by an immunofluorescence assay. C6/36 cells were infected with each dsSIN virus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 50 and challenged 48 h later with DEN-2 virus at an MOI of 0.1. Whereas C6/36 cells infected with a control of dsSIN virus supported high levels of DEN-2 replication, C6/36 cells infected with the dsSIN virus expressing prM antisense RNA were completely resistant to DEN-2 challenge. Cells expressing prM protein or untranslatable prM sense RNA also were resistant to DEN-2 challenge. Cells expressing prM protein demonstrated some breakthrough of DEN-2 virus when challenged at an MOI of 10. However, expressed untranslatable sense prM RNA conferred complete protection to challenge at the high MOI.
Competitive Outcomes in Product-Differentiated Oligopoly (2002)

This paper analyzes the effect of market concentration and product differentiation on the observed outcomes of competition among oligopolists. The empirical framework is designed to examine whether competition is less intense in markets with equal levels of concentration but more differentiation among the products offered. A two-stage estimation procedure is proposed to address the endogeneity problem inherent in comparing outcomes across different market structures. I estimate the competitive effects using data from a cross section of oligopoly motel markets located along U.S. interstate highways. The results indicate that firms benefit substantially by offering differentiated products. The presence of any market competitor drives down prices, but the effect is much smaller when the competitor is a different product type. Differentiation is optimal product choice behavior because the resulting competition among firms is less tough when their products are differentiated.
Magnesium Chloride and Ruthenium Red Attenuate the Antiallodynic Effect of Intrathecal Gabapentin in a Rat Model of Postoperative Pain (2003)

These results provide behavioral evidence to support that the alpha(2)delta subunit of Ca2+ channels may be involved in the antiallodynic action of intrathecal gabapentin in the postoperative pain model.
Fractionation of T and B Cells Using Magnetic Beads (2003)

This unit describes the purification of mouse T cells, B cells, and T cell subsets using magnetic bead separation. Isolation of cell subsets using magnetic beads is quick, simple, and reliable and can result in high yields of very pure cells.
Evaluation of a new VUV/soft x-ray toroidal grating monochromator with a movable exit slit (1992)

The performance of a toroidal grating monochromator can be significantly improved by compensating for the wavelength dependent defocusing aberration by means of a movable exit slit. Model calculations of a movable exit slit design show a resolving power that varies nearly linearly with wavelength over the scan range. The energy resolution follows the slope between two optimized resolution minima of a fixed slit TGM. The overall improvement in resolution due to the movable slit depends critically on the figure error of the toroid surface. The Al(LII,III) core edges provide a means to calibrate gratings and determine the resolution at 72.8 eV. A method is described for using the shift in core edge with exit slit position to enable final alignment of the exit slit motion providing stability of energy calibration of 2 meV over the scan range. Comparison of calculations and measured resolution suggests that slope errors remain the limiting factor in performance.
Daytime Circulating Melatonin Levels in Smokers (1994)

The causes, mechanism and meaning of this phenomenon are still unknown. The most attractive hypothesis considers higher melatonin levels in smokers as an attempt to counterbalance cellular growth stimulus, a natural "brake" mechanism to restrain the proliferation of normally differentiated tissues: smoke is a prominent risk factor for several different tumors.