gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial disease in mouse results in increased oxidative stress (1999)

It has been hypothesized that a major factor in the progression of mitochondrial disease resulting from defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the stimulation of the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resulting damage to the mtDNA. To test this hypothesis, we examined the mitochondria from mice lacking the heart/muscle isoform of the adenine nucleotide translocator (Ant1), designated Ant1(tm2Mgr) (-/-) mice. The absence of Ant1 blocks the exchange of ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane, thus inhibiting OXPHOS. Consistent with Ant1 expression, mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle, heart, and brain of the Ant1-deficient mice produced markedly increased amounts of the ROS hydrogen peroxide, whereas liver mitochondria, which express a different Ant isoform, produced normally low levels of hydrogen peroxide. The increased production of ROS by the skeletal muscle and heart was associated with a dramatic increase in the ROS detoxification enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2, also known as MnSod) in muscle tissue and muscle mitochondria, a modest increase in Sod2 in heart tissue, and no increase in heart mitochondria. The level of glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx1), a second ROS detoxifying enzyme, was increased moderately in the mitochondria of both tissues. Consistent with the lower antioxidant defenses in heart, the heart mtDNAs of the Ant1-deficient mice showed a striking increase in the accumulation of mtDNA rearrangements, whereas skeletal muscle, with higher antioxidant defenses, had fewer mtDNA rearrangements. Hence, inhibition of OXPHOS does increase mitochondrial ROS production, eliciting antioxidant defenses. If the antioxidant defenses are insufficient to detoxify the ROS, then an increased mtDNA mutation rate can result.
Comparison of Latex-Modified Portland Cement Mortars (1990)

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Protein S and C4b-Binding Protein: Components Involved in the Regulation of the Protein C Anticoagulant System (1991)

The protein C anticoagulant system provides important control of the blood coagulation cascade. The key protein is protein C, a vitamin K-dependent zymogen which is activated to a serine protease by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex on endothelial cells. Activated protein C functions by degrading the phospholipid-bound coagulation factors Va and VIIIa. Protein S is a cofactor in these reactions. It is a vitamin K-dependent protein with multiple domains. From the N-terminal it contains a vitamin K-dependent domain, a thrombin-sensitive region, four EGF) epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains and a C-terminal region homologous to the androgen binding proteins. Three different types of post-translationally modified amino acid residues are found in protein S, 11 gamma-carboxy glutamic acid residues in the vitamin K-dependent domain, a beta-hydroxylated aspartic acid in the first EGF-like domain and a beta-hydroxylated asparagine in each of the other three EGF-like domains. The EGF-like domains contain very high affinity calcium binding sites, and calcium plays a structural and stabilising role. The importance of the anticoagulant properties of protein S is illustrated by the high incidence of thrombo-embolic events in individuals with heterozygous deficiency. Anticoagulation may not be the sole function of protein S, since both in vivo and in vitro, it forms a high affinity non-covalent complex with one of the regulatory proteins in the complement system, the C4b-binding protein (C4BP). The complexed form of protein S has no APC cofactor function. C4BP is a high molecular weight multimeric protein with a unique octopus-like structure. It is composed of seven identical alpha-chains and one beta-chain. The alpha- and beta-chains are linked by disulphide bridges. The cDNA cloning of the beta-chain showed the alpha- and beta-chains to be homologous and of common evolutionary origin. Both subunits are composed of multiple 60 amino acid long repeats (short complement or consensus repeats, SCR) and their genes are located in close proximity on chromosome 1, band 1q32. Available experimental data suggest the beta-chain to contain the single protein S binding site on C4BP, whereas each of the alpha-chains contains a binding site for the complement protein, C4b. As C4BP lacking the beta-chain is unable to bind protein S, the beta-chain is required for protein S binding, but not for the assembly of the alpha-chains during biosynthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Purification and characterization of a new human prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurification and characterization of a new human prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzymeMing Fong Lin, Ching Li Lee, Steven S. L. Li, and T. Ming ChuCite this: Biochemistry 1983, 22, 5, 1055–1062Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00274a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimizing Electric Submersible Pump Replacement Costs (1990)

Abstract Electric submersible pumps (ESPs) have made a significant contribution to the petroleum industry as an economic means of artificial lift. As current depressed oil prices linger, it has become especially critical that casts associated with operating ESPs be kept to a minimum. One method, which has resulted in a great deal of success for Amoco Canada, has been qualifying used motors and pumps for re-use through cleaning and testing procedures. Among Amoco Canada's operations are two large fields; the South Swan Hill Unit and the Nipisi Gilwood Unit No.1. Together, a total of 235 electric submersible pumps are in service. As ESPs fail downhole, equipment is examined/or potential testing application. To the end of June 1989, 457pumps have been cleaned and tested while 221 motors have also been put through the test program. A high requalification rate and inexpensive testing cost have combined for substantial savings over traditional repair procedures, The success of the program has been further enhanced by encouraging ESP performance from equipment rerun subsequent to being cleaned and tested. Introduction Amoco Canada Petroleum Company Ltd. is the Unit Operator of two major miscible flood projects. The locations of these fields are shown in Figure 1. The South Swan Hills Unit is located 225 km northwest of Edmonton, Alberta, and comprises ISS producing wells with 70 injection wells. The 124 electric submersible pump locations account for almost 97% of the 30 000 m3 per day average fluid volume. Production is from the Swan Hills formation of the Beaverhill Lake Group, a limestone reef complex. Bottom hole temperature averages 112 °C at a depth of 2 500 m KB. The Nipisi Gilwood Unit No. 1 is located approximately 350km north of Edmonton. The average Unit fluid production is 23 500 m3 per day. Included in the 230 producing wells are 111 ESPs which are responsible for 93% of this volume. An additional 74 wells are used for injection. The producing reservoir is the Gilwood (sandstone) formation at a depth of 1 700 m and BHT of 60 °C. During the Past few years, an average of 125 ESP replacements have taken place annually in the above locations. Included in the $55,000 average replacement cost were ESP equipment expenses of $28,000 each. This resulted in an annual expenditure of approximately $3.500,000 for ESP repair and/or purchase. In April 1987, a used pump and motor testing program was initiated, similar to that described by D.L. Divine(1). In the 26 months since that time, ESP replacement expenditures have been reduced by almost $2 million. ESP Operations Amoco Canada replaces ESPs through me most economic means available. This has historically been with new equipment purchase and/or flat rate repairs. Research into the failures experienced showed that while one component failed, companion equipment was often in good condition and could be re-used. Standby inventories have been maintained separately for each Unit in order to minimize costs and eliminate deferred production due to the unavailability of equipment.
Interpreting Situated Dialogue Utterances: an Update Model that Uses Speech, Gaze, and Gesture Information (2013)

In situated dialogue, speakers share time and space. We present a statistical model for understanding natural language that works incrementally (i.e., in real, shared time) and is grounded (i.e., links to entities in the shared space). We describe our model with an example, then establish that our model works well on nonsituated, telephony application-type utterances, show that it is effective in grounding language in a situated environment, and further show that it can make good use of embodied cues such as gaze and pointing in a fully multi-modal setting.
Preferences for Three Types of Alaryngeal Speech (1982)

Preference ratings of a laryngectomized client's production of three types of alaryngeal speech--Tokyo pneumatic aid speech, Servox electro-larynx speech, and poor esophageal speech were composed. Judges rated the three methods from an audiovisual recording. Ratings were obtained for voice quality, loudness, intelligibility, rate, pitch, visual appearance and overall preference. Speech produced using the Tokyo aid was preferred by by majority of judges, although the visual appearance of the Tokyo usage was least preferred. The findings were interpreted to highlight the need to offer a range of communication alternatives to laryngectomized clients.
A user`s guide to LHS: Sandia`s Latin Hypercube Sampling Software (1998)

This document is a reference guide for LHS, Sandia`s Latin Hypercube Sampling Software. This software has been developed to generate either Latin hypercube or random multivariate samples. The Latin hypercube technique employs a constrained sampling scheme, whereas random sampling corresponds to a simple Monte Carlo technique. The present program replaces the previous Latin hypercube sampling program developed at Sandia National Laboratories (SAND83-2365). This manual covers the theory behind stratified sampling as well as use of the LHS code both with the Windows graphical user interface and in the stand-alone mode.
Non-dissipative rail drivers for adiabatic circuits (2002)

Energy dissipation of CMOS circuits is becoming a major concern in the design of digital systems. Earlier, we presented a new form of CMOS charge recovery logic (SCRL), with an energy dissipation per operation that falls linearly with operating frequency, as opposed to the constant energy required for conventional CMOS circuits. These SCRL circuits, along with most adiabatic circuit techniques proposed to date, require a set of gradually swinging power supply rails that in effect force all charge transfers within the system to occur quasistatically. Proposals to date for generating these swinging rails have relied on a power MOSFET to gate the oscillation of an inductor, forming an RLC circuit. Even under ideal conditions, dissipation in this MOSFET degraded the overall energy savings of SCRL circuits from 1/T dependence to 1//spl radic/T. SCRL and other adiabatic circuits thus exhibited inferior overall energy saving performance when compared with supply voltage scaling of conventional CMOS circuits. In this paper, we present a technique for generating the required rail waveforms without the series power MOSFET to gate the inductor. This new rail driver circuit relies on adding multiple harmonics of the base frequency to generate a rail waveform of any desired shape. Our Harmonic Rail Driver (HRD) can be built using only passive reactive components or by using correctly trimmed transmission line segments. It is non-dissipative to within the achievable Q's of these components. Using HRDs to power and control SCRL circuits, we restore the overall dissipation of SCRL circuits to its attractive 1/T dependence.
Monohydroboration of N-alkenylcarbamates: preparation of aminoalkylboronic acids (1965)

D. N. Butler and A. H. Soloway, Chem. Commun. (London), 1965, 333 DOI: 10.1039/C19650000333
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9: Many Shades of Function in Cardiovascular Disease (2013)

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, one of the most widely investigated MMPs, regulates pathological remodeling processes that involve inflammation and fibrosis in cardiovascular disease. MMP-9 directly degrades extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and activates cytokines and chemokines to regulate tissue remodeling. MMP-9 deletion or inhibition has proven overall beneficial in multiple animal models of cardiovascular disease. As such, MMP-9 expression and activity is a common end point measured. MMP-9 cell-specific overexpression, however, has also proven beneficial and highlights the fact that little information is available on the underlying mechanisms of MMP-9 function. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of MMP-9 physiology, including structure, regulation, activation, and downstream effects of increased MMP-9. We discuss MMP-9 roles during inflammation and fibrosis in cardiovascular disease. By concentrating on the substrates of MMP-9 and their roles in cardiovascular disease, we explore the overall function and discuss future directions on the translational potential of MMP-9 based therapies.
Comparative Pharmacological Investigations of<i>Allium ursinum</i>and<i>Allium sativum</i> (1992)

Extracts of wild garlic (Allium ursinum) and garlic (A. sativum) with defined chemical compositions were investigated for their in vitro inhibitory potential on 5-lipoxygenase (LO), cyclooxygenase (CO), thrombocyte aggregation (TA), and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). The inhibition rates as IC50 values of both extracts for 5-LO, CO, and TA showed a good correlation with the %-content of the major S-containing compounds (thiosulfinates and ajoenes) of the various extracts. In the 5-LO and CO test the garlic extracts are slightly superior to the wild garlic extracts whereas, in the TA test, no differences could be found. In the ACE test the water extract of the leaves of wild garlic containing glutamyl-peptides showed the highest inhibitory activity followed by that of the garlic leaf and the bulbs of both drugs. The comparative studies underline the usefulness of wild garlic as a substitute of garlic.
Impact of C-reactive protein on disease risk and its relation to dietary factors. (2008)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the acute-phase proteins in inflammation and CRP serum concentrations are therefore of interest. Data for high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) with a low detection limit of approximately 0.04 mg/L have become available over the past decade and research has shown a link between high concentrations of hs-CRP and obesity as well as smoking. Expanded adipose tissue is in fact known to secrete proinflammatory cytokines which enhance hepatic synthesis of CRP. Moderate alcohol consumption and high physical activity have been associated with low levels of hs-CRP, but the evidence in these cases is not conclusive. It has been suggested that hs-CRP is an independent marker of the risk of cardiovascular disease, but the predictive capacity remains controversial. However, many prospective studies have observed increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with high concentrations of hs-CRP, independent of obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. On the other hand, no measurable increase in the risk associated with high levels of hs-CRP was observed with multivariate adjustment in several studies. A number of authors have reported that high concentrations of hs-CRP are associated with increased risks of colorectal and other cancers, but the findings again are inconsistent. Diet and hs-CRP are also of increasing research interest. High intakes of carotenoids and vitamin C, but not of vitamin E, seem to decrease the level of circulating hs-CRP. In addition, high consumption of vegetables and fruit are associated with lower levels of circulating hs-CRP, perhaps by exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Both mechanistic and epidemiologic studies regarding dietary factors and low-grade inflammation are necessary to add to our knowledge of dietary influence on chronic disease development.
1/f noise in metal–oxide–semiconductor transistors biased in weak inversion (2001)

An approach to model 1/f noise in the weak inversion range of metal–oxide–semiconductor transistors (MOST) is proposed, based on Hooge’s theory (mobility fluctuation model). Starting from conduction equations in the subthreshold regime, a method to evaluate the total number of carriers under the gate is presented and allows us to deduce the Hooge parameter αH. This model is applied to p-channel MOSTs. With the proposed model, the value of αH obtained in weak inversion is quite similar to this extracted in strong inversion allowing a unique description of the 1/f noise.
Vehicle Path Prediction Using Yaw Acceleration for Adaptive Cruise Control (2018)

In this paper, we propose a vehicle path prediction employing yaw acceleration for adaptive cruise control (ACC). First, a path prediction method employing yaw acceleration is proposed to improve the path prediction performance of ego vehicles. In the proposed method, the vehicle path is predicted by using a clothoidal cubic polynomial curve model, and for this purpose, the curvature rate, yaw rate, and longitudinal velocity are required. The curvature rate can be mathematically obtained by differentiating the yaw rate without a camera sensor. To obtain the yaw acceleration from the noisy measured yaw rate, we derive the state-space model from the steer wheel angle for the yaw rate. Then, the KF is designed by using the state-space model to estimate the yaw acceleration. Second, a multirate longitudinal control method is proposed to improve the longitudinal control performance. The multirate KF employs the constant acceleration model in order to estimate the relative distance and velocity of the target vehicle at a faster sampling rate. Then, the desired acceleration is achieved to maintain a safe headway distance or velocity by means of the longitudinal controller. Consequently, the whole ACC system operates with a faster sampling rate so that multirate control scheme reduces ripples in both the relative longitudinal distance and the desired acceleration. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated via simulations and experiments.
Behavioral and electrophysiological effects of early repeated maternal separation (1994)

Abstract Maternal deprivation or “lack of care” has been identified as one possible risk factor in the development of psychopathology. Animal models of maternal deprivation have been developed in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying its possible long‐term physiological and/or behavioral effects. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of chronic early maternal separation on electrophysiology and behavior in adult male and female rats. Sprague‐Dawley rats were maternally separated 6 h each day from postnatal day 2 (PN2) to PN6 and from PN9 to PN13. Rats were evaluated at 15 to 18 weeks of age. Overall, adult female rats were found to have higher amounts of slow waves, displayed increased locomotor behavior in photocell cages, and exhibited decreased “anxiety” in novel environments. Adult rats who had experienced early maternal separation were found to have increases in slow wave sleep. Early, repeated maternal separation was also found to reduce the amplitude of the NI component of the event related potential. Behaviorally, the maternally separated rats were less “anxious” as revealed by the open field assessment, but not by the elevated plus maze test. This study suggests that early, repeated maternal separation of 6 h/day may produce behavioral and electrophysiological effects that may be long‐lasting, but not necessarily detrimental to sleep or behavioral regulation. Depression 2:43–53 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Conformationally Stable 1,8-Diarylnaphthalenes:  Development of New Photoluminescent Sensors for Ion-Selective Recognition (2003)

Highly constrained 1,8-diarylnaphthalenes exhibiting stability to isomerization have been prepared utilizing two consecutive CuO-promoted Stille cross-couplings of 1,8-dibromonaphthalene and 4-alkyl-9-trimethylstannylacridines. Screening of Pd catalysts Pd(PPh(3))(4), PdCl(2)dppf, or Pd(2)(dba)(3)/t-Bu(3)P and bases such as Cy(2)NMe, t-BuOK, K(3)PO(4), and Cs(2)CO(3) in DME or DMF revealed superior results of Stille over Suzuki coupling with acridylboronic acids or pinacolate derivatives. The meso syn- and C(2)-symmetric anti-isomers of 1,8-bis(4,4'-dimethyl-9,9'-diacridyl)naphthalene, 2, and 1,8-bis(4,4'-diisopropyl-9,9'-diacridyl)naphthalene, 3, did not show any sign of syn/anti-interconversion after heating to 180 degrees C for 24 h. Using the Eyring equation, we calculated the Gibbs standard activation energy for isomerization, DeltaG degrees (), to be higher than 180 kJ/mol. PM3 calculations of 2 and 3 suggest a highly congested structure exhibiting two parallel acridyl moieties perpendicular to the naphthalene ring. UV and fluorescence spectroscopy studies of 2 and 3 revealed remarkable quantum yields of these blue and green light emitters. Fluorescence titration experiments with the syn-isomer of 2 showed highly efficient quenching by Cu(II) ions, whereas almost no quenching effects were observed with Cu(I) and Zn(II) salts. The striking difference in fluorescence quenching was attributed to significant photoinduced electron transfer, resulting in nonradiative relaxation of excited Cu(II)-syn-2. Stern-Völmer plots of syn-2 in the presence of CuCl(2) showed a sigmoidal quenching curve indicating cooperative recognition, whereas a linear response was observed with CuCl and ZnCl(2). Fluorescence experiments in the presence of various amounts of CuCl, CuBr, and Cu(ACN)(4)BF(4) proved that the quenching is cation selective and independent of the nature of counteranions.