gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal MRF model and its Application to Traffic Flow Analyses (2005)

One of the most important application on Intelligent Transporting System (ITS) is to analyze various traffic activities and construct traffic monitoring system. However, such analyses in previous works have been done by manual inspection to huge amount of traffic images. The major reason why automated analyses of traffic images have been failed is that there does not exist any robust tracking algorithms against such crowded situations at intersections. In order to resolve such a problem, we have developed the tracking algorithm based on Spatio-Temporal Markov Random Field model which is robust against occlusion and clutter problems in 2000. This algorithm is then improved to deal with the problem of illumination variation which is the other dif- ficult problem in computer vision technology. Utilizing this tracking algorithm, an application to acquire traffic flow statistics based on operation hierarchy. This system is able to acquire traffic event statistics such as vehicle counts distinguishing travel directions, velocities, frequent paths and so on.
Organosolv pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of poplars: I. Enzyme hydrolysis of cellulosic residues (1988)

Aspen (Populus tremuloides) and black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) organosolv pulps produced in a wide range of solvent composition (between 30 and 70% by volume of methanol) and catalysts (H(2)SO(4) and H(3)PO(4)) such that the cooking liquor pH </= 3 are easily digested by enzymes. The total yields of hydrolysis residues (pulps) are in the 40-60% range; the acid-catalyzed delignification followed by enzyme hydrolysis can generate 70-88% of the original six-carbon sugars contained in the wood. Glucomannan and arablnogalactan are dissolved into the pulping liquor in the pH range of 2-4.5. Lower pH (</=3) leads to additional solubilization of six-carbon sugars. These sugars may be fermented directly. From the insoluble hydrolysis residues, 36-41% conversions of wood into fermentable sugars were obtained after enzyme hydrolysis; the starting feedstocks contain 50.8 and 46.6% hexosans, respectively, for aspen and black cotton-wood. The kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose can be formally treated as two simultaneous pseudo-first-order reactions in which fast and slow hydrolyses of cellulose occur. Correlations between the glucan digestibility and the effect of the pretreatment have been made. The higher residual xylan content reduces the amount of the rapidly hydrolyzable glucan fraction and lowers the glucan digestibility. The proposed simple kinetic treatment is very helpful in assessing the effect of the pretreatment on pulp enzyme hydrolyzability.
Presence of autoantibody against ATTR Val30Met after sequential liver transplantation (2002)

An autoantibody against the variant TTR may reduce the serum levels of variant TTR. Although the antibody may play a beneficial role in reducing the pathogenic protein, the long-term effect of the antibody must be investigated further.
Feature based conceptual design modeling and optimization of variational mechanisms (2011)

This research investigates and proposes methods to be used for the automation of the conceptual design phases of variational mechanisms. It employs the concept of feature-based modeling approaches. A method is proposed for integrating the dimensional synthesis, mechanical design and CAD generation phases with minimal designer intervention. Extended feature definitions are used in this research to create a smooth data transfer platform between different engineering tools and applications. This paper also introduces another method by which a set of dimensional data collected from a family of existing products is used to predict possible solutions for a new design. This method, based on artificial neural networks for training and solution generation, is used with optimization algorithms for the dimensional synthesis of mechanisms. An excavator arm mechanism is used as a case study to demonstrate these methods. The design of this mechanism is carried out based on its digging mode configurations.
Short-Term and Long-Term Survival and Virulence of Legionella pneumophila in the Defined Freshwater Medium Fraquil (2015)

Legionella pneumophila (Lp) is the etiological agent responsible for Legionnaires' disease, a potentially fatal pulmonary infection. Lp lives and multiplies inside protozoa in a variety of natural and man-made water systems prior to human infection. Fraquil, a defined freshwater medium, was used as a highly reproducible medium to study the behaviour of Lp in water. Adopting a reductionist approach, Fraquil was used to study the impact of temperature, pH and trace metal levels on the survival and subsequent intracellular multiplication of Lp in Acanthamoeba castellanii, a freshwater protozoan and a natural host of Legionella. We show that temperature has a significant impact on the short- and long-term survival of Lp, but that the bacterium retains intracellular multiplication potential for over six months in Fraquil. Moreover, incubation in Fraquil at pH 4.0 resulted in a rapid decline in colony forming units, but was not detrimental to intracellular multiplication. In contrast, variations in trace metal concentrations had no impact on either survival or intracellular multiplication in amoeba. Our data show that Lp is a resilient bacterium in the water environment, remaining infectious to host cells after six months under the nutrient-deprived conditions of Fraquil.
Microprobe X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Determination of the Oxidation State of Intracellular Chromium following Exposure of V79 Chinese Hamster Lung Cells to Genotoxic Chromium Complexes (1997)

The oxidation state of intracellular chromium has been determined directly in mammalian lung cells exposed to mutagenic and carcinogenic chromium compounds. Microprobe X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) experiments on single V79 Chinese hamster lung cells showed that Cr(VI) and Cr(V) complexes were reduced completely (>90%) to Cr(III) within 4 h of exposure of the cells. This result provides direct evidence for the hypothesis that these genotoxic oxidants react rapidly with intracellular reductants.
Direct measurement of the accuracy of CO_2 laser alignment on target (1978)

The accuracy of target alignment using the Hartmann test was measured by the glass microballoon perforation (Snout) test. We find a 45-microm rms pointing error, most of which is random.
Reinforced Swan-Neck, Flexible Shaft, Beveled Liposuction Cannulas (1999)

Introduction: Traditional liposuction cannulas and ultrasonic liposuction cannulas have had the feature of relative rigidity in common. Herein we introduce a new design that allows a patient's entrance wound to act as a fulcrum, enabling the surgeon's guiding hand to redirect cannulas with long, flexible shafts and highly reinforced swan necks. The nonultrasonic version of this cannula system includes a highly beveled tip adjacent to a triport (Accellerator III) set of openings. The new cannulas easily penetrate fibrous fat, reach fat deposits distant from the entrance wounds, and curve within the subcutaneous tissue below the dermal envelope, thereby reducing the need to move a patient's body position intraoperatively. A novel Teflon entrance wound insert that resembles the shape of a calla lily aids in the use of the system, thereby reducing cannula friction inside the insert and maximizing friction via projections on the outside of the insert. This friction outside of the insert maintains the insert's position in the wound during cannula backstroke. Materials and Methods: Reinforced swan-neck, flexible shaft, triport bevel cannulas (RSFSTBCs) have been used successfully in hundreds of liposuctions performed by one of us (P.J.W.). P.J.W. has also used the Capistrano cannula tip with success. Capistrano cannulas and RSFSTBCs of 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm diameter were compared in 12 patients (eight female and four male) on contralateral but otherwise identical fat deposits. Results: No adverse effects were noted with either system; no indentations, inordinate bruising, seromas, or infections occurred. The reinforced swan-neck cannulas penetrated tissue with greater ease, and the flexible shafts allowed the operator to arc the cannulas to greater distances within the body. Thus the operator could reach more areas with fewer entrance wounds and less movement of patients on the operating table. Novel cannula motions occurred as a result of using the patient's entrance wound as a fulcrum and redirecting the distal shaft and tip of the cannula with an opposing hand. Discussion: The long, flexible shafts of the RSFSTBC system allow for a reduction in the need for cannula entrance wounds. The beveled tip provides for ease of penetration, even in fibrous tissues. The reinforced swan neck, in combination with the flexible shaft, enables the use of both mildly and highly arced cannula paths via several mechanisms.
Polarization-switchable microchip lasers (1991)

Using a novel technique, we are able to controllably switch the polarization of microchip lasers in under 5 μs. The technique is applicable to a broad variety of lasers and theoretical modeling indicates that switching rates of several megahertz are possible.
Uptake of Nitrobenzylthioinosine and Purine β- <scp>l</scp> -Nucleosides by Intracellular <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (2003)

Intracellular Toxoplasma gondii grown in human foreskin fibroblast cells transported nitrobenzylthioinosine [NBMPR; 6-[(4-nitrobenzyl)mercapto]-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine], an inhibitor of nucleoside transport in mammalian cells, as well as the nonphysiological beta-L-enantiomers of purine nucleosides, beta-L-adenosine, beta-L-deoxyadenosine, and beta-L-guanosine. The beta-L-pyrimidine nucleosides, beta-L-uridine, beta-L-cytidine, and beta-L-thymidine, were not transported. The uptake of NBMPR and the nonphysiological purine nucleoside beta-L-enantiomers by the intracellular parasites also implies that Toxoplasma-infected cells can transport these nucleosides. In sharp contrast, under the same conditions, uninfected fibroblast cells did not transport NBMPR or any of the unnatural beta-L-nucleosides. beta-D-Adenosine and dipyridamole, another inhibitor of nucleoside transport, inhibited the uptake of NBMPR and beta-L-stereoisomers of the purine nucleosides by intracellular Toxoplasma and Toxoplasma-infected cells. Furthermore, infection with a Toxoplasma mutant deficient in parasite adenosine/purine nucleoside transport reduced or abolished the uptake of beta-D-adenosine, NBMPR, and purine beta-L-nucleosides. Hence, the presence of the Toxoplasma adenosine/purine nucleoside transporters is apparently essential for the uptake of NBMPR and purine beta-L-nucleosides by intracellular Toxoplasma and Toxoplasma-infected cells. These results also demonstrate that, in contrast to the mammalian nucleoside transporters, the Toxoplasma adenosine/purine nucleoside transporter(s) lacks stereospecificity and substrate specificity in the transport of purine nucleosides. In addition, infection with T. gondii confers the properties of the parasite's purine nucleoside transport on the parasitized host cells and enables the infected cells to transport purine nucleosides that were not transported by uninfected cells. These unique characteristics of purine nucleoside transport in T. gondii may aid in the identification of new promising antitoxoplasmic drugs.
CDO1 Promoter Methylation is a Biomarker for Outcome Prediction of Anthracycline Treated, Estrogen Receptor-Positive, Lymph Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients (2010)

CDO1 methylation was shown to be a strong predictor for distant metastasis in retrospective cohorts of LNP/ER+ breast cancer patients, who had received adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
Intracellular Signalling by C‐Peptide (2008)

C-peptide, a cleavage product of the proinsulin molecule, has long been regarded as biologically inert, serving merely as a surrogate marker for insulin release. Recent findings demonstrate both a physiological and protective role of C-peptide when administered to individuals with type I diabetes. Data indicate that C-peptide appears to bind in nanomolar concentrations to a cell surface receptor which is most likely to be G-protein coupled. Binding of C-peptide initiates multiple cellular effects, evoking a rise in intracellular calcium, increased PI-3-kinase activity, stimulation of the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase, increased eNOS transcription, and activation of the MAPK signalling pathway. These cell signalling effects have been studied in multiple cell types from multiple tissues. Overall these observations raise the possibility that C-peptide may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment or prevention of long-term complications associated with diabetes.
Powers and almost powers : (preprint) (1980)

An integer of the form ax, where a E lN is given and x,m E lN with m ~ 2 are arbitrary, is called an almost power (with exponent m).Two distinct almost powers with equal exponents not equal to 2 are not contained in a relatively short interval.For three distinct almost squares the same is true.Any number, greater than 1, of distinct positive integers in any very short interval do not have a power as their product.
Anisotropic etching of <i>n</i>+ polycrystalline silicon with high selectivity using a chlorine and nitrogen plasma in an ultraclean electron cyclotron resonance etcher (1990)

Heavily phosphorus-doped polycrystalline silicon films (n+ poly-Si) were etched in a pure chlorine plasma using an ultraclean electron cyclotron resonance etcher. Compared against undoped polycrystalline etching, horizontal etch rates were too high to allow anisotropic etching of n+ poly-Si. With the addition of more than about 10% N2, highly anisotropic etches of n+ poly-Si can be obtained simultaneously with selectivities as high as 160 to SiO2 in a 4 mTorr plasma. These results are significant to lower submicron fabrication. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies show that Si—N bonds are formed on the n+ poly-Si surface during etching and it is proposed that this layer protects the sidewall against Cl radicals in a N2/Cl2 plasma. The suppression of SiO2 etching by O2 addition to a N2/Cl2 plasma has also been demonstrated.
Lipid Receptors in Cardiovascular Development (2003)

To most people, concerns over the link between lipids and cardiovascular health most likely end with monitoring their daily consumption of dietary fats. However, it has become increasingly clear that, in addition to effects on adult cardiovascular physiology, lipids also play key roles in the formation of a functioning cardiovascular system. The lysophospholipids, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), have come to the forefront as developmental and physiological regulators of the cardiovascular system. In this review, we discuss the function of the G protein-coupled receptors responsible for transducing LPA and S1P signals during development of the vertebrate cardiovascular system, focusing first on their role in angiogenesis and then on their function during embryonic development.
Mucosal endocrine cell micronests and single endocrine cells following neo-adjuvant therapy for adenocarcinoma of the distal oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction (2007)

Endocrine cell pseudo-hyperplasia may be seen within atrophic glandular mucosa following neo-adjuvant therapy of distal oesophageal/OGJ adenocarcinomas. The changes are analogous to those seen in chronic atrophic gastritis and should not be misinterpreted as those of residual tumour.
Kinetic Studies on the Interaction of Eglin<i>c</i>with Human Leukocyte Elastase and Cathepsin G (1987)

We have investigated the inhibition of human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G by recombinant Eglin c under near physiological conditions. The association rate constants k on of Eglin c for elastase and cathepsin G were 1.3 X 10(7) M-1 s-1 and 2 X 10(6) M-1 s-1, respectively. Under identical conditions, the k on for the association of human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor with the two leukocproteinases were 2.4 X 10(7) M-1 s-1 and 10(6) M-1 s-1, respectively. The consistency of these data could be verified using a set of competition experiments. The elastase-Eglin c interaction was studied in greater detail. The dissociation rate constant k off was determined by trapping of free elastase from an equilibrium mixture of elastase and Eglin c with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor or alpha 2-macroglobulin. The rate of dissociation was very low (k off = 3.5 X 10(-5) s-1). The calculated equilibrium dissociation constant of the complex, Ki(calc) = k off/k on, was found to be 2.7 X 10(-12) M. Ki was also measured by adding elastase to mixtures of Eglin c and substrate and determining the steady-state rates of substrate hydrolysis. The Ki determined from these experiments (7.5 X 10(-11) M) was significantly higher than Ki(calc). This discrepancy might be explained by assuming that the interaction of Eglin c with elastase involves two steps: a fast binding reaction followed by a slow isomerization step. From the above kinetic constants it may be inferred that at a therapeutic concentration of 5 X 10(-7) M, Eglin c will inhibit leukocyte elastase in one second and will bind this enzyme in a "pseudo-irreversible" manner.
Gain-guided soliton in a positive group-dispersion fiber laser (2006)

We report on the operation of a passively mode-locked fiber ring laser made of purely normal dispersive fibers. Self-started mode locking can still be achieved in the laser by use of the nonlinear polarization rotation technique, and the mode-locked pulse has large pulse energy, strong frequency chirp, and a mode-locked spectral width limited by the effective laser gain bandwidth. Furthermore, we show that the operation of the laser can be well described by an extended Ginzburg-Landau equation model that governs the soliton dynamics of fiber lasers.
Mitochondrial DNA Integrity Is Essential For Mitochondrial Maturation During Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells (2010)

Differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) involves the activation of aerobic metabolism, which is dependent on mitochondrial function. Here, we show that the differentiation of NSCs involves robust increases in mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and respiration capacity. The increased respiration activity renders mtDNA vulnerable to oxidative damage, and NSCs defective for the mitochondrial 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) function accumulate mtDNA damage during the differentiation. The accumulated mtDNA damages in ogg1(-/-) cells inhibit the normal maturation of mitochondria that is manifested by reduced cellular levels of mitochondrial encoded complex proteins (complex I [cI], cIII, and cIV) with normal levels of the nuclear encoded cII present. The specific cI activity and inner membrane organization of respiratory complexes are similar in wt and ogg1(-/-) cells, inferring that mtDNA damage manifests itself as diminished mitochondrial biogenesis rather than the generation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Aerobic metabolism increases during differentiation in wild-type cells and to a lesser extent in ogg1(-/-) cells, whereas anaerobic rates of metabolism are constant and similar in both cell types. Our results demonstrate that mtDNA integrity is essential for effective mitochondrial maturation during NSC differentiation.
Analysis of loline alkaloids in endophyte-infected tall fescue by capillary gas chromatography (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of loline alkaloids in endophyte-infected tall fescue by capillary gas chromatographyShelly G. Yates, Richard J. Petroski, and Richard G. PowellCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 1, 182–185Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00091a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00091a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY DIETARY FAT (1999)

Dietary fat is an important macronutrient for the growth and development of all organisms. In addition to its role as an energy source and its effects on membrane lipid composition, dietary fat has profound effects on gene expression, leading to changes in metabolism, growth, and cell differentiation. The effects of dietary fat on gene expression reflect an adaptive response to changes in the quantity and type of fat ingested. Specific fatty acid-regulated transcription factors have been identified in bacteria, amphibians, and mammals. In mammals, these factors include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR alpha, -beta, and -gamma), HNF4 alpha, NF kappa B, and SREBP1c. These factors are regulated by (a) direct binding of fatty acids, fatty acyl-coenzyme A, or oxidized fatty acids; (b) oxidized fatty acid (eicosanoid) regulation of G-protein-linked cell surface receptors and activation of signaling cascades targeting the nucleus; or (c) oxidized fatty acid regulation of intracellular calcium levels, which affect cell signaling cascades targeting the nucleus. At the cellular level, the physiological response to fatty acids will depend on (a) the quantity, chemistry, and duration of the fat ingested; (b) cell-specific fatty acid metabolism (oxidative pathways, kinetics, and competing reactions); (c) cellular abundance of specific nuclear and membrane receptors; and (d) involvement of specific transcription factors in gene expression. These mechanisms are involved in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cell differentiation and growth, and cytokine, adhesion molecule, and eicosanoid production. The effects of fatty acids on the genome provide new insight into how dietary fat might play a role in health and disease.
A STUDY OF CERTAIN ASPECTS OF BLOOD COAGULATION IN THE POSTOPERATIVE STATE IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE AND IN THROMBOPHLEBITIS (1949)

In recent years a number of tests have been de- signed for the purpose of detection of accelerated blood coagulation. Among these are the lusteroid tube coagulation test (1-4), the silicone tube co- agulation test (5), the modified clot retraction test (6), the modified Lee-White clotting test, employ- ing three test tubes instead of one (7), the heparin retarded coagulation test of Waugh and Ruddick (8, 9), the heparin tolerance test ( 10, 11 ), and the prothrombin time determination, using both whole and dilute plasma (12-14).