gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rüzgar Türbinleri İçin Topraklama Ağı Tasarımı (2016)

Bu çalışmada, CYMGRD yazılımı kullanılarak rüzgar türbini çiftlikleri için yapılan üç boyutlu topraklama ağı tasarımı açıklanmıştır. Yapılan tasarımın Elektrik Tesislerinde Topraklamalar Yönetmeliği ve IEEE 80-2000 standardına uygun olmasına dikkat edilmiştir. Topraklama ağı tasarımı yapılmadan önce farklı toprak modellerinin analizlere olan etkileri ortaya konmuştur. Daha sonra temel analizler yapılmıştır. Ölçümler sonucunda elde edilen toprak özdirenç değeri kullanılarak ilk önce tek bir türbin için iki farklı topraklama tasarımı yapılmıştır. Tekil sistem için uygun tasarım belirlendikten sonra bu tasarım, çok sayıda rüzgar türbininden oluşan bir rüzgar çiftliğine uygulanmış, topraklama direnci, adım ve dokunma gerilimleri hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan dört farklı tasarım karşılaştırılmış ve topraklama sistemindeki türbin sayısının topraklamaya olan etkisi incelenmiştir.
Influence of the number of topologically interacting neighbors on swarm dynamics (2014)

Recent empirical and theoretical works on collective behaviors based on a topological interaction are beginning to offer some explanations as for the physical reasons behind the selection of a particular number of nearest neighbors locally affecting each individual's dynamics. Recently, flocking starlings have been shown to topologically interact with a very specific number of neighbors, between six to eight, while metric-free interactions were found to govern human crowd dynamics. Here, we use network- and graph-theoretic approaches combined with a dynamical model of locally interacting self-propelled particles to study how the consensus reaching process and its dynamics are influenced by the number k of topological neighbors. Specifically, we prove exactly that, in the absence of noise, consensus is always attained with a speed to consensus strictly increasing with k. The analysis of both speed and time to consensus reveals that, irrespective of the swarm size, a value of k ~ 10 speeds up the rate of convergence to consensus to levels close to the one of the optimal all-to-all interaction signaling. Furthermore, this effect is found to be more pronounced in the presence of environmental noise.
[Surgical and conservative treatment of lagophthalmus (facial paralysis). II]. (1993)

Thirty patients with irreversible facial palsy were treated with gold implants from 0.5 to 1.8 g. For the immediate treatment of postoperative facial palsies and reversible kinds of lagophthalmos, lead weights of 1.2 to 1.8 g ("lid dynamic eye dressing") are preferred to hourglass dressings. Insufficient orbicularis muscle function is compensated by the weight. The observation time for gold implants is more than 2 years; the fixation time of the adhesive lead weights is 1 to 10 days. Tolerance is excellent to both treatments. The principle is gravity dependent and is limited to the vertical and oblique head position. For sleeping at night, ointment application and pressure on the upper lid by a pillow are advisable; an additional hourglass dressing is possible. No serious keratopathies were seen in any cases. All patients found the return of lid motility from the restored levator muscle function to be a functional and cosmetic advantage. After weighing the advantages and disadvantages, especially the operative/technical expense in relation to the effective results, it would appear that simple lid-loading is so far the best method of treating lagophthalmos.
Morphology-controllable 1D–3D nanostructured TiO<sub>2</sub>bilayer photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (2012)

Morphology-controlled bilayer TiO(2) nanostructures consisting of one-dimensional (1D) nanowire bottom arrays and a three-dimensional (3D) dendritic microsphere top layer were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method. These novel 1D-3D bilayer photoanodes demonstrated the highest energy conversion efficiency of 7.2% for rutile TiO(2) dye-sensitized solar cells to date, with TiCl(4) post-treatment.
Misbehaving TCP receivers can cause internet-wide congestion collapse (2005)

An optimistic acknowledgment (opt-ack) is an acknowledgment sent by a misbehaving client for a data segment that it has not received. Whereas previous work has focused on opt-ack as a means to greedily improve end-to-end performance, we study opt-ack exclusively as a denial of service attack. Specifically, an attacker sends optimistic acknowledgments to many victims in parallel, thereby amplifying its effective bandwidth by a factor of 30 million (worst case). Thus, even a relatively modest attacker can totally saturate the paths from many victims back to the attacker. Worse, a distributed network of compromised machines ("zombies") attacking in parallel can exploit over-provisioning in the Internet to bring about wide-spread, sustained congestion collapse.We implement this attack both in simulation and in a wide-area network, and show it severity both in terms of number of packets and total traffic generated. We engineer and implement a novel solution that does not require client or network modifications allowing for practical deployment. Additionally, we demonstrate the solution's efficiency on a real network.
A Novel Solid State Non-Dispersive Infrared CO2 Gas Sensor Compatible with Wireless and Portable Deployment (2013)

This paper describes development of a novel mid-infrared light emitting diode (LED) and photodiode (PD) light source/detector combination and use within a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) carbon dioxide gas sensor. The LED/PD based NDIR sensor provides fast stabilisation time (time required to turn on the sensor from cold, warm up, take and report a measurement, and power down again ≈1 second), longevity (>15 years), low power consumption and low cost. Described performance is compatible with "fit and forget" wireless deployed sensors in applications such as indoor air quality monitoring/control & energy conservation in buildings, transport systems, horticultural greenhouses and portable deployment for safety, industrial and medical applications. Fast stabilisation time, low intrinsic power consumption and cycled operation offer typical energy consumption per measurement of mJ's, providing extended operation using battery and/or energy harvesting strategies (measurement interval of ≈ 2 minutes provides >10 years operation from one AA battery). Specific performance data is provided in relation to measurement accuracy and noise, temperature performance, cross sensitivity, measurement range (two pathlength variants are described covering ambient through to 100% gas concentration), comparison with NDIR utilizing thermal source/pyroelectric light source/detector combination and compatibility with energy harvesting. Semiconductor based LED/PD processing together with injection moulded reflective optics and simple assembly provide a route to low cost high volume manufacturing.
Design and performance of block-coded modulation for digital microwave radio systems (1990)

Two block-coded modulation (BCM) families particularly suited for high-capacity digital microwave radio systems are presented. The first family is based on one-step partitioning, and the second family is based on two-step partitioning of the signal constellation. The alphabet expansion is a decreasing function of the block length, and the constellation is constructed in such a way as to minimize both the average and peak signal powers. Using short block lengths, specific modulation schemes are described that transmit 4, 6, and 8 information bits per symbol. The asymptotic coding gain is only on the order of 2 dB in the first family, and of 3 dB in the second family, but their detection simplicity makes the presented BCM schemes particularly attractive for high-speed applications where trellis-coded modulation (TCM) decoders may be difficult to implement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Publish/subscribe delay-tolerant message-oriented middleware for resilient communication (2011)

The rapid growth of wireless technologies has resulted in mobile phones and wireless devices becoming essential and ubiquitous elements in everyday domestic and business activity. Wireless devices are also used by emergency and support services. While wireless communication is more flexible than wired communication, it is often not robust, and the coverage is not always complete. In this article, we describe a mobile middleware architecture using delay-tolerant network (DTN) technology, and publish/subscribe concepts. The purpose of the middleware is to add resilience and reach to wireless communications, and reduce battery drainage of the mobile devices and hence extend operational lifetime. The same technology has the potential to provide a fallback communication platform providing greater penetration than that which would otherwise be available in situations where the conventional cellular structure is no longer working or access is limited. It can enable mobile users to connect through the help of multiple radio interface technologies and to exploit physical movement using the inherent relaying capability of DTNs. The approach exploits the synergy between publish/subscribe message-oriented middleware (MOM) and DTN, as neither requires an end-to-end connection at one moment in time. Scenarios based on exploiting any available connection, communication even when there is extreme wireless coverage failure, and a prototype developed on the Android mobile platform are presented. Some relevant issues are also analyzed related to the practical deployment, viz. message routing, energy efficiency, and security.
Equal rights for functional objects or, the more things change, the more they are the same (1993)

We argue that intensional object identity in object-oriented programming languages and databases is best defined operationally by side-effect semantics. A corollary is that "functional" objects have extensional semantics. This model of object identity, which is analogous to the normal forms of relational algebra, provides cleaner semantics for the value-transmission operations and built-in primitive equality predicate of a programming language, and eliminates the confusion surrounding "call-by-value" and "call-by-reference" as well as the confusion of multiple equality predicates.Implementation issues are discussed, and this model is shown to have significant performance advantages in persistent, parallel, distributed and multilingual processing environments. This model also provides insight into the "type equivalence" problem of Algol-68, Pascal and Ada.
Influence of Estradiol on Accessory Reproductive Organs in the Castrated Male Rat Effects of Bromocriptine and Flutamide (1983)

Estradiol partially maintained the weights of the dorsolateral prostate and seminal vesicles in castrated adult male rats. One group of animals received subcutaneous injections of estradiol (0.01 mg/kg) daily, while a second group of animals received estradiol plus bromocriptine (4.0 mg/kg). Changes in weights of accessory reproductive organs were correlated with serum prolactin levels. Estradiol significantly increased serum prolactin levels while concomitant treatment with bromocriptine caused serum prolactin to remain at castrate levels. Bromocriptine slightly decreased, but did not abolish, the effect of estradiol on weights of the dorsolateral prostate and seminal vesicles. To determine if the effect of estradiol was mediated by androgen receptors in the dorsolateral prostate and seminal vesicles, a third group of animals was treated with flutamide. Flutamide, at a dosage (20 mg/kg) that abolished the effects of dihydrotestosterone on the weights of these tissues, produced no alternation of the effects of estradiol. Treatment of animals with a combination of flutamide, bromocriptine, and estradiol did not significantly alter organ weights from the results obtained with bromocriptine and estradiol. Scatchard plot analysis of the effect of estradiol treatment on cytosol binding of estradiol demonstrated increased quantities of estradiol binding in dorsolateral prostate and seminal vesicles which correlated with the changes in weights noted. Although part of the effect of estradiol on regression of male accessory reproductive organs of castrated rats may be mediated by prolactin, the principal effect appears to be a direct action on responsive tissues.
Comparative study of process window identification methods for 45 nm device and beyond (2009)

Lithography process control becomes increasingly challenging as the design rules shrink. To tackle the issue of identifying the process window for lithography, we systematically compared three different approaches for 45 nm process wafer with two variables: Inspection mode (FEM or PWQ) and Analysis methodology (Manual or Design Based Binning). We found that PWQ + DBB provided the best results.
MRI-Based Attenuation Correction for PET/MRI: A Novel Approach Combining Pattern Recognition and Atlas Registration (2008)

This method allows reliable MRI-based attenuation correction for human brain scans. Further work is necessary to validate the method for whole-body imaging.
Clinicopathological and Tissue Indicators of Para-Aminophenol Nephrotoxicity in Sprague–Dawley Rats (2007)

A model of para-aminophenol (PAP) nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats was utilized to characterize potential indicators of toxicity in the kidney and in biofluids, and to chronicle the progression of acute renal injury. Rats were administered PAP at a low or high dose and examined terminally at 6, 24 and 48 hours (4 animals/group with matching controls). Acute tubular necrosis was observed in the medullary rays (low and high doses) and the outer stripe of outer medulla (high dose only) as early as 6 hours postdosing. Starting at 24 hours, regeneration of the tubular epithelium was evident in both low and high dose studies. Associated with the tubular lesions, we observed elevation of urinary alpha -glutathione S-transferase levels, an indicator of proximal tubular injury. By immunohistochemistry of the kidney, decreased gamma -glutamylcysteine synthetase expression correlated with tubular injury, especially at high dose, whereas elevation of vimentin, osteopontin, and Ki-67 expression was concurrent with tubular regeneration. Clusterin and kidney injury molecule-1 displayed expression patterns characteristic of both renal injury and regeneration. Taken together, this study provided insight into the progression of nephrotoxicity, and allowed the evaluation of potential urinary and tissue protein biomarkers that could complement the early detection of acute tubular injury.
Chemoselective Assembly and Immunological Evaluation of Multiepitopic Glycoconjugates Bearing Clustered Tn Antigen as Synthetic Anticancer Vaccines (2005)

In this paper we investigated the use of regioselectively addressable functionalized templates (RAFTs) as new scaffolds for the design of anticancer vaccine candidates. We report the synthesis of well-defined multiepitopic RAFT scaffolds and their immunological evaluation. These conjugates exhibit clustered Tn analogue as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA, B-cell epitope) and the CD4+ helper T-cell peptide from the type 1 poliovirus. The saccharidic and peptidic epitopes were both synthesized separately and combined regioselectively to the RAFT core using a sequential oxime bond formation strategy. B- and T-antigenicity and immunogenicity of the vaccine candidates were investigated in vitro and in vivo. These studies clearly demonstrate that the saccharidic part of the conjugates is recognized by Tn-specific monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, the antibodies elicited by immunization of mice with our vaccine candidates recognize the native form of Tn epitope expressed on human tumor cells. Together with oxime ligation technique, these results suggest that the RAFT scaffold provides a promising and suitable tool for engineering potent synthetic anticancer vaccine.
Word embedding for recurrent neural network based TTS synthesis (2015)

The current state of the art TTS synthesis can produce synthesized speech with highly decent quality if rich segmental and suprasegmental information are given. However, some suprasegmental features, e.g., Tone and Break (TOBI), are time consuming due to being manually labeled with a high inconsistency among different annotators. In this paper, we investigate the use of word embedding, which represents word with low dimensional continuous-valued vector and being assumed to carry a certain syntactic and semantic information, for bidirectional long short term memory (BLSTM), recurrent neural network (RNN) based TTS synthesis. Experimental results show that word embedding can significantly improve the performance of BLSTM-RNN based TTS synthesis without using features of TOBI and Part of Speech (POS).
Induction of IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity to group I rye grass pollen allergen and allergoids in non-allergic man. (1972)

The major (Group I) allergen of rye grass pollen and two of its allergoids, adsorbed on alumina gel, were injected into three groups of non-allergic humans. In addition to inducing the anticipated blocking antibody (IgG) response, all individuals developed immediate skin hypersensitivity to the allergen and its allergoids characteristic of reaginic antibody-(IgE-)mediated reactions. At some time during the course of the study, virtually every individual's peripheral blood leucocytes were also found to release histamine when challenged in vitro with low concentrations of allergen and allergoids. Quantitatively, each person's skin and leucocyte sensitivities were not as well correlated as in naturally allergic people. Leucocyte responsiveness was generally shortlived, but could be restored by antigenic restimulation. Allergoid: allergen sensitivity ratios were greater in allergen-than allergoid-immunized individuals, but less than in naturally allergic individuals. Unexpectedly, allergoid-immunized individuals' leucocytes were more sensitive to allergen than allergoid. Despite the observed skin and leucocyte reactivities, none of the people showed clinical manifestations of hay fever following natural exposure to pollen. The skin sensitivity of the artificially sensitized individuals could be passively transferred to non-allergic humans by intradermal injection of serum (P-K Test), thereby implicating the involvement of IgE antibody. Further proof of the role of IgE was obtained by blocking the P-K test, either by heating the serum or by adsorbing it using an anti-IgE immunosorbent.
Benchmarking Ligand-Based Virtual High-Throughput Screening with the PubChem Database (2013)

With the rapidly increasing availability of High-Throughput Screening (HTS) data in the public domain, such as the PubChem database, methods for ligand-based computer-aided drug discovery (LB-CADD) have the potential to accelerate and reduce the cost of probe development and drug discovery efforts in academia. We assemble nine data sets from realistic HTS campaigns representing major families of drug target proteins for benchmarking LB-CADD methods. Each data set is public domain through PubChem and carefully collated through confirmation screens validating active compounds. These data sets provide the foundation for benchmarking a new cheminformatics framework BCL::ChemInfo, which is freely available for non-commercial use. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models are built using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Decision Trees (DTs), and Kohonen networks (KNs). Problem-specific descriptor optimization protocols are assessed including Sequential Feature Forward Selection (SFFS) and various information content measures. Measures of predictive power and confidence are evaluated through cross-validation, and a consensus prediction scheme is tested that combines orthogonal machine learning algorithms into a single predictor. Enrichments ranging from 15 to 101 for a TPR cutoff of 25% are observed.
Roles of IGH and L Chains and of Surrogate H and L Chains in the Development of Cells of the B Lymphocyte Lineage (1994)

Proteins expressed from productively rearranged H and L chain gene loci have been implied in the regulation of Ig gene rearrangements during B lymphopoiesis. However, recent findings suggest that early B cell development can occur without expression of surrogate L chain, without deposition of microH chains into membranes, without productive H chain gene rearrangements, and even without any rearrangements of Ig gene loci. In bone marrow, 2-5% of all B220-, sIgM-, c-kit+ cells are pro B cells that undergo differentiation from B220- via B220+, c-kit+, CD43+, clonable long-term proliferating pre B-I cells to B220+, c-kit-, CD43-, IL-2 receptor+ pre B-II cells and immature B cells, only to die by apoptosis in situ within less than 4 days. A membrane-bound complex of surrogate H chain (gp130/gp35-65) and surrogate L chain expressed on pro B and pre B-I cells has apparently no influence on this early development. Pre B-I cells carrying DHJH-rearrangements in reading frame (rf) II are counter-selected, probably because they can express an Ig-like complex of truncated DHJHC mu-protein and surrogate L chain, while pre B-I cells DHJH-rearranged in rf I or III are not suppressed. Immature sIg+ B cells, also from bcl-2 transgenic mice, can continue to rearrange L chain gene loci. Thus, mere membrane deposition of Ig, even with concomitant expression of bcl-2, terminates neither expression of RAG-1 and 2, nor secondary L chain gene rearrangements, nor does it allow the development of mature B cells. Membrane-bound expression of an Ig-like complex of microH chains and surrogate L chains appears to be needed to generate the 50-70 million pre B-II cells in bone marrow. However, the membrane-bound expression of Ig is mandatory for negative and positive selection of immature B cells. Autoantigens delete or anergize self-reactive B cells. We speculate that all mature, resting, primary antigen-reactive B cells in the periphery have been selected from immature sIg+ B cells by unknown antigens and have, thereby, changed their lifestyle from rapid death by apoptosis to longevity.
Triphenylamine−Thienylenevinylene Hybrid Systems with Internal Charge Transfer as Donor Materials for Heterojunction Solar Cells (2006)

Star-shaped molecules based on a triphenylamine core derivatized with various combinations of thienylenevinylene conjugated branches and electron-withdrawing indanedione or dicyanovinyl groups have been synthesized. UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission data show that the introduction of the electron-acceptor groups induces an intramolecular charge transfer that results in a shift of the absorption onset toward longer wavelengths and a quenching of photoluminescence. Cyclic voltammetry shows that all compounds present a reversible first oxidation process whose potential increases with the number of electron-withdrawing groups in the structure. Prototype bulk and bilayer heterojunction solar cells have been realized using fullerene C60 derivatives as acceptor material. The results obtained with both kinds of devices show that the introduction of electron-acceptor groups in the donor structure induces an extension of the photoresponse in the visible spectral region, an increase of the maximum external quantum efficiency, and an increase of the open-circuit voltage under white light illumination. These synergistic effects allow reaching power conversion efficiencies of approximately 1.20% under simulated AM 1.5 solar irradiation at 100 mW cm(-2).
Low-Cost Ferrite PM-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine for Electric Vehicles (2014)

An optimally designed ferrite permanent magnet (PM)-assisted synchronous reluctance machine (PMaSynRM) is presented to demonstrate its feasibility in electric vehicle applications. The Prius rare-earth interior PM machine is used as the benchmark, and through theoretical study and experimental testing, it is verified that the optimally designed PMaSynRM can achieve performance very close to that of the benchmark PM machine with much lower costs.