gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of full-length <i>Zika virus</i> NS5 protein reveals a conformation similar to <i>Japanese encephalitis virus</i> NS5 (2017)

The rapid spread of the recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic across various countries in the American continent poses a major health hazard for the unborn fetuses of pregnant women. To date, there is no effective medical intervention. The nonstructural protein 5 of Zika virus (ZIKV-NS5) is critical for ZIKV replication through the 5'-RNA capping and RNA polymerase activities present in its N-terminal methyltransferase (MTase) and C-terminal RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains, respectively. The crystal structure of the full-length ZIKV-NS5 protein has been determined at 3.05 Å resolution from a crystal belonging to space group P2<sub>1</sub>2<sub>1</sub>2 and containing two protein molecules in the asymmetric unit. The structure is similar to that reported for the NS5 protein from Japanese encephalitis virus and suggests opportunities for structure-based drug design targeting either its MTase or RdRp domain.
Colonic Polyp Detection in Endoscopic Videos With Single Shot Detection Based Deep Convolutional Neural Network (2019)

A major rise in the prevalence and influence of colorectal cancer (CRC) leads to substantially increasing healthcare costs and even death. It is widely accepted that early detection and removal of colonic polyps can prevent CRC. Detection of colonic polyps in colonoscopy videos is problematic because of complex environment of colon and various shapes of polyps. Currently, researchers indicate feasibility of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based detection of polyps but better feature extractors are needed to improve detection performance. In this paper, we investigated the potential of the single shot detector (SSD) framework for detecting polyps in colonoscopy videos. SSD is a one-stage method, which uses a feed-forward CNN to produce a collection of fixed-size bounding boxes for each object from different feature maps. Three different feature extractors, including ResNet50, VGG16, and InceptionV3 were assessed. Multi-scale feature maps integrated into SSD were designed for ResNet50 and InceptionV3, respectively. We validated this method on the 2015 MICCAI polyp detection challenge datasets, compared it with teams attended the challenge, YOLOV3 and two-stage method, Faster-RCNN. Our results demonstrated that the proposed method surpassed all the teams in MICCAI challenge and YOLOV3 and was comparable with two-stage method. Especially in detection speed aspect, our proposed method outperformed all the methods, met real-time application requirement. Meanwhile, we also indicated that among all the feature extractors, InceptionV3 obtained the best result of precision and recall. In conclusion, SSD- based method achieved excellent detection performance in polyp detection and can potentially improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.
Comparison of residual compression methods in motion compensated video (2004)

In this paper, we compare the objective performance of several algorithms for coding motion compensated residuals, including the wavelet transform, matching pursuits and an improved embedded DCT-based coding method. A motion-compensated prediction-based approach with overlapped block matching compensation (OBMC) is used in all systems in the evaluation. The results show that matching pursuits outperforms transform-based methods by 0.1-1.0 dB in PSNR. The embedded DCT coder usually outperforms the wavelet-based SPIHT-AC in the examples considered, and SPIHT is usually better than JPEG 2000.
Converter-fed synchronous machine for pumped hydro storage plants (2014)

Pumped hydropower is gaining importance as a key technology for the integration of large quantities of renewable electricity, in particular from wind and solar sources. With the progress in power electronics, it has recently become possible to build frequency converters with a rated power in excess of 100 MVA, paving the way for a new variable speed pumped hydropower solution based on synchronous machines whose stator is driven with a variable frequency. This solution, refered to as converter fed synchronous machine (CFSM), is offering even higher flexibility and efficiency than DFIM (doubly-fed induction machine). A first CFSM plant with a rated power of 100 MVA has been installed in Switzerland and has been in productive operation since late spring 2013. As a further step a new CFSM power converter type based on modular multi-level converter (MMC) technology is proposed. This topology, powered by advanced IGCT (integrated gate-commutated thyristor) power semiconductor devices, enables a total power conversion efficiency greater than 98.5%. Very smooth waveforms and special starting algorithms make it possible to use standard generator and transformer insulation schemes. Due to a modular converter construction, the accessible range of rated power spans from approximately 50 MVA up to 500 MVA. Built-in redundancy enables a very high availability.
DES and Prostate Cancer (2007)

Kudos for publishing Dr. W. Reid Pitts's letter about DES (OT, 6/25/07). Unfortunately DES was pulled from the formulary seemingly due to a rare but documented association with myocardial infarction. As with the current Vioxx scandal I can't imagine any company now producing such a drug. Like Vioxx, no matter how wonderful any medication might be and how rare a “complication” occurs from its use, the present legal system (not necessarily just the pharmaceutical companies) would salivate at the potential for “injured clients.” Throughout the 1980s and to the mid-'90s, I regularly prescribed DES to patients with metastatic prostate cancer. I got great results, never heard a complaint about cost, and saw many patients live a decade (or more) without progression. Not uncommonly I saw minor gynecomastia that was easily prevented with a dose or two of topical radiation to the breast buds. Never, yes, not even once, did I witness an unexpected cardiac complication even though the age group is at risk. When DES went off market I had to switch a long-time patient to a new anti-androgen. His known prostate metastases progressed and he died within a year. This is after being controlled by DES for about 15 years, symptom free. Dr. Pitts is absolutely correct in demanding that any analysis comparing hormone management strategies should include a review of DES effectiveness, side effects, and complications. DES is, after all, the historic denominator in this equation. Awards for 2 OT Writers! Congratulations to OT writers Eric Rosenthal and Margot Fromer, who have won APEX Awards for Publication Excellence. Eric Rosenthal, OT's Special Correspondent, was honored in the category of Feature Series Writing, for his two-part article on the Breast Cancer 3-Day Walk, in which he participated. The articles were published in the October 25 and November 10, 2006 issues.FigureContributing Writer Margot Fromer was recognized in the category of News Writing for her “FDA InSight” article “Survey of FDA Scientists Shows They Feel Pressure to Exclude or Alter Findings, Fear Retaliation for Voicing Safety Concerns,” published in the August 25, 2006 issue. All three articles are posted on OT's Web site (www.oncology-times.com), under the “Selected Articles” link. Ted Yaeger, MD Associate Professor, Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University
Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: A Review of the Evidence-Based Treatments (2009)

As in OCD, several conditions in the proposed OCSD benefit from SRIs and (or) cognitive-behavioural interventions. However, the treatment literature is generally limited, and more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to evaluate individual and combination treatments, for short-term use and as maintenance.
An optimized procedure for titanium-induced carbonyl coupling (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn optimized procedure for titanium-induced carbonyl couplingJohn E. McMurry, Thomas Lectka, and Joseph G. RicoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 15, 3748–3749Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00276a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00276a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2075Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Constructing Current-Based Gate Models Based on Existing Timing Library (2006)

Current-based gate modeling achieves a new level of accuracy in nanoscale design timing and signal integrity analysis. However, to generate current-based gate models requires additional pre-characterization of the gate, e.g., in the form of a new or an extended timing library format. We construct current-based gate models based on the existing Liberty timing library format without further pre-characterization. We present an inverse problem formulation, and propose to solve the problem by quadratic polynomial regression. Our constructed current-based gate models find applications in timing, power, and signal integrity verifications for improved accuracy in library-compatible flows, e.g., to include power supply voltage drop effect in gate delay calculation without further pre-characterization, to calculate gate supply current, etc. Our experimental results show our constructed current-based gate models achieve slightly less accurate results, e.g., within 4.6%(8.6%), than pre-characterized current-based gate models, e.g., within 4.3%(4.4%), of SPICE results in gate delay calculation for ideal (degraded) power supply voltage, and accurate gate supply current calculation.
A model of hierarchical real-time virtual resources (2003)

A real-time virtual resource is an abstraction for resource sharing where application task groups must meet timing constraints and knowledge of all the timing requirements may not be available for a global schedulability analysis, such as is the case in the open system environment. In a 2001 paper, we introduced the notion of a real-time virtual resource which operates at a fraction of the rate of the shared physical resource and whose rate of service provision varies with time but is bounded. The shared resource is partitioned into real-time virtual resources by a resource-level scheduler such that each real-time virtual resource is accessible only by an individual application task group; tasks within the same task group are scheduled by an application-task-level scheduler that is specialized to the real-time requirements of the tasks in the group. In this paper we propose a hierarchical real-time virtual resource model that permits resource partitioning to be extended to multiple levels. Through this model, partitions on each level are scheduled as if they had access to a dedicated resource and there is minimal interference between neighboring partition levels. We also investigate the partitioning of real-time virtual resources subject to scheduling quantum requirements.
Preparation and thermoelectric properties of p- and n-type CoSb3 (1994)

Large single crystals of the compound CoSb3 were grown from antimony rich melts by the Bridgman gradient freeze technique. CoSb3 has the skutterudite crystal structure and a peritectic decomposition temperature of 873 °C. Samples were characterized by X‐ray diffractometry, microprobe analysis and density measurements. A Debye temperature of 306 K was calculated from speed of sound measurements. As‐grown CoSb3 crystals show p‐type conductivity. N‐type samples were obtained over a wide range of doping level by addition of Te. Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity and Hall effect measurements were performed between room temperature and 500 °C. The results of these measurements are presented and discussed. Exceptionally high Hall mobilities were obtained on p‐type samples which is consistent with the high degree covalency of the skutterudite crystal structure. A maximum room temperature Hall mobility of 3445 cm2.V−1.s−1 was measured on a sample with a carrier concentration of 4×1017 cm−3. N‐type samples were found to have substantially lower Hall mobilities in the range of temperature investigated. A bandgap of 0.55 eV was calculated from the high temperature electrical resistivity and Hall effect measurements. The hole and electron effective masses were also estimated. Based on the experimental data obtained, the potential of CoSb3 as a thermoelectric material is discussed.
A novel approach for the enhancement of cooperative ACC by deriving real time weather information (2013)

The Concept of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) leverages wireless communication between vehicles in order to harmonize their cruising speed and thereby to gain a positive impact on fuel consumption and CO2 emission. In this paper, we present a novel approach of incorporating real time weather information into the CACC functionality. Local weather changes are detected in a cooperative manner by sharing sensor data between vehicles, scanning the local vehicles environment for the current weather situation and retrieval of location based weather data from public services or road operators. This information can so be used to anticipatory adapt the speed of the vehicles in relevant areas, according to the expected impact on driving safety and efficiency. In this way, a considerable safety gain can be achieved, particularly in the case of severe weather conditions like fog, heavy rain or blizzards. Additionally, since approaching traffic can slow down early enough, fuel consumption and the probability of arising traffic congestions can be reduced and so CO2 emissions are minimized. In order to bring this concept in the cockpit, we present a weather assistant function with an integrated HMI, which has been realized in a prototype vehicle.
Small singlet–triplet energy gap of acridone enables longer wavelength sensitisation of europium(III) luminescence (2000)

Incorporation of 9(10H)-acridone as a chromophore into a seven-coordinate chelating ligand allows observation of sensitised luminescence from the europium(III) complex, even with excitation wavelengths greater than 410 nm.
On the Explicit Robust Force Control via Disturbance Observer (2014)

This paper analyzes the robustness and stability of disturbance observer (DOb)-based explicit force control systems. Conventional analysis methods, which only consider ideal robustness, are impractical due to the design constraints of a DOb, e.g., bandwidth limitations. This paper shows that not only the stability but also the robustness of a DOb-based explicit force control system changes by environmental impedance variations. The robustness of a DOb-based explicit force control system is clarified by deriving new sensitivity functions. Implicit and explicit environmental impedance estimation methods are considered by analyzing the dynamics of a force sensor and a reaction force observer (RFOb), respectively. It is shown that the stability and performance of an explicit force control system can be improved by using an explicit environmental impedance estimation method, i.e., an RFOb, intrinsically. However, an RFOb is more sensitive than a force sensor to external disturbances, and the stability of the explicit force control system drastically changes by the design parameters of a DOb and an RFOb. Force-sensor- and RFOb-based explicit robust force control systems are compared in terms of stability, robustness, and performance in detail. The validity of the proposals is verified by simulation and experimental results.
A MOSFET resonant synchronous rectifier for high-frequency DC/DC converters (2002)

A resonant synchronous rectifier which combines the fast switching of Schottky diodes with low conduction drop of MOSFET devices is discussed. The MOSFET devices are driven in a resonant fashion by the power circuit, resulting in partial recovery of the energy stored in the parasitic capacitances. Power loss in the resonant synchronous rectifier is determined as a function of various devices parameters and switching frequency. Contributions of conduction losses, gate-drive switching losses, and losses due to current circulating in the parasitic capacitances are discussed. The analysis indicates that, at megahertz range switching frequencies, a resonant synchronous rectifier has a significantly higher efficiency than either a PWM (pulse width modulation) synchronous rectifier or a Schottky diode rectifier.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Right‐side and left‐side colon cancer follow different pathways to relapse (2011)

There is growing evidence that cancer of the ascending (right-side) colon is different from cancer of the descending (left-side) colon at the molecular level. Using microarray data from 102 right-side colon carcinomas and 95 left-side colon carcinomas we show that different pathways dominate progression to relapse in right-side and left-side colon cancer. Right-side tumors at a high risk for relapse exhibit elevated expression of cell cycle control genes and elevated Wnt signaling. On the other hand, relapse-prone left-side tumors show elevated expression of genes that promote stromal expansion and reduced expression of tumor suppressor genes that initiate Wnt signaling. Single gene prognostic biomarkers are found separately for right-side and left-side disease. In left-side tumors with low expression levels of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) the 5-yr relapse-free survival probability is 0.89 95% CI (0.80-0.99), and in tumors with elevated NOX4 expression the probability is 0.51 95% CI (0.37-0.70). Right-side tumors with elevated expression levels of caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) have a 5-yr relapse-free survival probability of 0.88 95% CI (0.80-0.96), and those with low CDX2 expression have a corresponding probability of 0.39 95% CI (0.15-0.78). Both NOX4 and CDX2 are much less prognostic on the opposite sides. This newly identified role of NOX4 in colon cancer is further investigated using the SW620 lymph node metastasis colon adenocarcinoma cell line and RNA interference. We show that NOX4 is expressed in the SW620 cell line and that application of NOX4 siRNA causes a significant reduction in reactive oxidative species production.
A Cost Model for the WDM Layer (2006)

In this paper a detailed capital expenditure cost model is presented taking various network elements and node architectures at the WDM layer into account. It was developed within the European NOBEL project [1] and aligned by major European network suppliers and operators. The current cost structure of WDM transport equipment is shown in a normalised format. Typical model applications are also discussed by presenting examples. This model can serve as a reference for future techno-economic research into optical transport networks in general.
Stream processing in data-driven computational science (2006)

The use of real-time data streams in data-driven computational science is driving the need for stream processing tools that work within the architectural framework of the larger application. Data stream processing systems are beginning to emerge in the commercial space, but these systems fail to address the needs of large-scale scientific applications. In this paper we illustrate the unique needs of large-scale data driven computational science through an example taken from weather prediction and forecasting. We apply a realistic workload from this application against our Calder stream processing system to determine effective throughput, event processing latency, data access scalability, and deployment latency
Developments in single photon emission computed tomography and PET-based HER2 molecular imaging for breast cancer (2013)

Molecular imagings of hEGF receptor 2 (HER2) using radiolabeled tracers has the potential to determine the extent of HER2-positive disease and could be of great clinical value. HER2 overexpression affects 20-25% of breast cancer patients, conferring a worse prognosis. HER2 status determines choice and response to therapy but can change in response to treatment and during disease progression. Anti-HER2 agents in development for molecular imaging include immunoglobulins (trastuzumab and pertuzumab), immunoglobulin fragments, F(ab´)2, diabodies, nanobodies and nonimmunoglobulin scaffolds, affibody and designed ankyrin-repeat proteins. Clinical assessment of radiolabeled trastuzumab and anti-HER2 affibody molecule demonstrated potential to identify new lesions but both agents lacked sensitivity and highlighted the need for improved pharmacokinetics. New tracers in the pipeline showed preclinical promise and could potentially improve sensitivity.
Learning with Taxonomies: Classifying Documents and Words (2003)

Automatically extracting semantic information about word meaning and document topic from text typically involves an extensive number of classes. Such classes may represent predefined word senses, topics or document categories and are often organized in a taxonomy. The latter encodes important information, which should be exploited in learning classifiers from labeled training data. To that extent, this paper presents an extension of multiclass Support Vector Machine learning which can incorporate prior knowledge about class relationships. The latter can be encoded in the form of class attributes, similarities between classes or even a kernel function defined over the set of classes. The paper also discusses how to specify and optimize meaningful loss functions based on the relative position of classes in the taxonomy. We include experimental results for text categorization and for word sense classification. 1
Experimental comparisons of space vector neutral point balancing strategies for three-level topology (2001)

The three-level neutral point clamp topology has attracted applications in medium-voltage high-power drive systems in recent years. Since the topology utilizes a neutral point voltage to achieve half bus voltage withstanding of power devices and three-level output voltage delivery, it is critical to balance the neutral point voltage in occasions of disturbed or even continuous unbalance load conditions. This paper proposes a couple of balancing techniques based on space vector modulation principle and experimentally compares their effectiveness against the existing method.
Prognostic impact of hemoglobin levels on treatment outcome in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with sequential chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone (2004)

The current study showed that midradiation Hb level was an important prognostic factor with respect to local control and survival in patients with NPC. The high incidence of anemia after chemotherapy has a negative impact on treatment outcome, and this condition may reduce the benefit of induction chemotherapy. Attempts to correct anemia during radiation and the impact of anemia on treatment outcome requires further study.