gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performing Centimeter-Level Surveys in Seconds with GPS Carrier Phase: Initial Results (1985)

Two kinematic surveys were performed, using TI-4100s, which substantiate the author's earlier claim that centimeter-accuracy relative surveys can be accomplished within seconds. The first test was carried out in Arkansas using wide-bandwidth tracking. Although noisy, these data permitted the concepts and the data processing software to be verified. Based on results of this survey, a definitive kinematic survey experiment was designed and executed at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD. The results of this experiment show that centimeter-level relative surveys can be performed in seconds. A priori geodetic coordinates of the initial location of the “roving” antenna are not required since they, too, can be determined within seconds.
The Neuropathy of Sjögren's Syndrome (1969)

Ten patients had Sjögren's syndrome and peripheral or trigeminal neuropathy, or both. The neurologic features of other connective tissue diseases are reviewed for comparison. The peripheral neuropathy in Sjögren's syndrome was predominately sensory and characteristically mild, distal, and symmetrical. Spinal fluid examinations were usually normal. The neuropathy in Sjögren's syndrome was indistinguishable from that seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Initiation or manipulation of corticoid dosage was not related to the onset of neuropathy. The therapeutic response to steroids was unpredictable. A sensory trigeminal neuropathy occurred in four patients. It was characterized by numbness, hypesthesia, and tingling paresthesias. The divisional distribution of sensory deficit favored a peripheral rather than a central lesion or an entrapment neuropathy. The presence of neuropathy correlated strongly with vasculitis in the nerves and muscle. The vascular inflammation was felt to be causally related to the pathogenesis of the neuropathy.
The menopause and its treatment in perspective (2001)

The menopause, the last menstrual period, marks the end of a continuum of declining physiological fertility. Decreased fertility in relative or absolute terms antedates the menopause by 10–15 years. The climacteric is the period of time (about 4–5 years) around the menopause during which ovarian function is gradually compromised. By the turn of the 20th century life expectancy in women of the Western world was about 58 years, at present it is about 82, but as the mean age of the menopause, 51 years, has not changed more than one third of a woman's life is expected beyond the menopause. This is the first time in human history where long postmenopause existence is witnessed on such a scale. More importantly, the disability-free life expectancy, between the ages of 50 and 60, for the whole population, largely due to cardiovascular disease and arthritis, has not changed over the last 30 years.1 For either gender, ageing is the primary factor influencing disabilities related to cardiovascular disease, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, visual and hearing problems. As far as women are concerned it is expected that more such disabled women will live after the menopause, which is increasingly found to be a confounding variable and the treatment of which may profoundly influence the clinical progress of such disabilities. With the expected increase in postmenopausal population over the next 30 years, the health issues modulated by the menopause have moved from a peripheral medical interest into a central health care programme that commands a different strategy for resource allocation and for service delivery.
Cholesterol-Dependent Association of Caveolin-1 with the Transducin α Subunit in Bovine Photoreceptor Rod Outer Segments:  Disruption by Cyclodextrin and Guanosine 5‘-<i>O</i>-(3-Thiotriphosphate) (2003)

Evidence suggests that caveolins, 21-24 kDa cholesterol-binding proteins that generally reside in specialized detergent-resistant membrane microdomains, act as signaling scaffolds. Detergent-resistant membranes isolated from rod outer segments (ROS) have been previously shown to contain the photoreceptor G-protein, transducin. In this report we show, by subcellular fractionation, that caveolin-1 is an authentic component of purified ROS. We demonstrate that caveolin-1 in ROS almost exclusively resides in low-buoyant-density, cholesterol-rich, detergent-resistant membranes that can be disrupted by cholesterol depletion using methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MCD). Cholesterol depletion was also observed to extract a pool of transducin alpha (Talpha) from ROS membranes. Immunoprecipitation with anti-caveolin-1 revealed the association of Talpha in the absence of Tbetagamma. Treatment of ROS with MCD resulted in a 2-fold decrease in recovery of Talpha in anti-caveolin-1 immunoprecipitates. This interaction was also completely disrupted when ROS were exposed to light in the presence of guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS), a nonhydrolyzable GTP analogue. In addition, caveolin-1/Talpha association in the immune complex was disrupted by a peptide based on the primary sequence of the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain. Finally, we confirm the colocalization of caveolin-1 and Talpha in photoreceptors by immunofluorescence microscopy. These results strongly suggest that the association between Talpha and caveolin-1 occurs in cholesterol-rich, detergent-resistant membranes and is likely to be dependent upon the activation state of Talpha.
Applied Linguistics (1992)

In this article a description is given of a model of the bilingual speaker. The model presented is based on Levelt's (1989) 'Speaking' model, which sketches a framework in which a number of (highly autonomous) information processing components are postulated. The main characteristics of the model are that it is incremental and parallel, and that lower level processing is more automatized than higher level processing. An attempt is made to adapt the Levelt model for bilingual processing. Given the firm empirical basis of the (monolingual) version of the model, it was intended to change the model as little as possible. It is concluded that the first component, the conceptualize is probably partly language-specific and partly language-independent. Further it is hypothesized that there are different formulators for each language, while there is one lexicon where lexical elements from different languages are stored together. The output of the formulators is sent to the articulator which makes use of a large set of non-language specific speech motor plans. The adapted version of Levelt's model appears to provide a good explanation of various aspects of language production, especially with respect to codeswitching and the storage and retrieval of lexical elements, and it may suggest a useful direction to take in future research on language processing in bilinguals.
Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Outbreak Originating in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, 1989 (1991)

Ecological, meteorological, and radar evidence indicated that 200,000 ha of irrigated corn grown in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas and northeastern Mexico served as a primary source of migrant fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), that severely impacted crops at Corpus Christi and on the High Plains of Texas during the summer of 1989. Based on soil samples taken in 100 corn fields in the region which yielded an average of 3.97 pupae/m^2 of soil, an estimated 7.94 billion FAW adults were available for transport from the LRGV during late June and early July. A similar study conducted in 40 fields of 16,200 ha of corn grown 400 km NNW of the LRGV near Uvalde, Texas yielded populations averaging 0.39 pupae/m@^2 which likely produced approximately 0.06 billion FAW adults. In the LRGV 15.9% of the adults had emerged during June 5-13 while no FAW adults had emerged at Uvalde June 19-21, thus indicating that the major FAW emergence events in the LRGV preceded those at Uvalde. Large numbers of FAW were captured in pheromone traps at Uvalde on the night of June 21 in the absence of local emergence, suggesting an influx of migrants from the LRGV. Concurrently, pheromone traps indicated large influxes of FAW on the Texas High Plains. Subsequent reports indicated unusually early FAW infestations at Ankeny, Iowa and at Columbia, Missouri. Ground-based and airborne RADARS detected the maximum aerial density of insects emanating from the LRGV on the night of June 20. Calculated trajectories indicated that weather transport systems were available for displacement of passive objects to the High Plains (1000 km) and to Ankeny, Iowa (1900 km). This study constitutes the first reported evidence of long-distance FAW migration from a defined source area to directly impact crops in remote areas. Mature corn in the LRGV is proposed as a major contributory source of migrant FAW in the Central U.S.
Printable All‐Organic Electrochromic Active‐Matrix Displays (2007)

Abstract All‐organic active matrix addressed displays based on electrochemical smart pixels made on flexible substrates are reported. Each individual smart pixel device combines an electrochemical transistor with an electrochromic display cell, thus resulting in a low‐voltage operating and robust display technology. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) served as the active material in the electrochemical smart pixels, as well as the conducting lines, of the monolithically integrated active‐matrix display. Different active‐matrix display addressing schemes have been investigated and a matrix display fill factor of 65 % was reached. This is achieved by combining a three‐terminal electrochemical transistor with an electrochromic display cell architecture, in which an additional layer of PEDOT:PSS was placed on top of the display cell counter electrode. In addition, we have evaluated different kinds of electrochromic polymer materials aiming at reaching a high color switch contrast. This work has been carried out in the light of achieving a robust display technology that is easily manufactured using a standard label printing press, which forced us to use the fewest different materials as well as avoiding exotic and complex device architectures. Together, this yields a manufacturing process of only five discrete patterning steps, which in turn promise for that the active matrix addressed displays can be manufactured on paper or plastic substrates in a roll‐to‐roll production procedure.
SAR image effects on coherence and coherence estimation. (2014)

Radar coherence is an important concept for imaging radar systems such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR). This document quantifies some of the effects in SAR which modify the coherence. Although these effects can disrupt the coherence within a single SAR image, this report will focus on the coherence between separate images, such as for coherent change detection (CCD) processing. There have been other presentations on aspects of this material in the past. The intent of this report is to bring various issues that affect the coherence together in a single report to support radar engineers in making decisions about these matters.
Poly(dimethyl biphenylene) (1978)

Abstract Two methods were investigated for the preparation of poly(dimethyl biphenylene) in a search for polymers combining good solubility with sufficiently high chain extension to produce a lyotropic nematic phase. The Ullmann reaction was used to condense 4,4′‐diiodo‐3,3′‐dimethyl biphenyl and the corresponding 2,2′‐dimethyl derivative with copper, and 4,4′‐dibromo‐2,2′‐dimethyl biphenyl was polymerized using the coupling reagent, bis(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)nickel(0), developed by Semmelhack. The Ullmann polymers were completely soluble in CHCl 3 but only partially soluble in toluene, whereas earlier work had indicated similar polymers of higher molecular weight to be completely soluble in toluene. All the polymers produced were of low molecular weight and no evidence of the nematic phase was found by polarized light microscopy for CHCl 3 solutions over the concentration range 6.8–25% by weight.
Treatment of clinical mastitis: two intramammary formulations compared (1975)

Two hundred cases of mild clinical mastitis were treated on two farms using two intramammary preparations in quick release bases. One preparation contained penicillin and streptomycin, the other contained lincomycin, neomycin and prednisolone. Fifty-eight per cent of cases were clinically and bacteriologically cured using the first preparation; and 61 per cent of cases, with a similar range of organisms, using the second. The main infections were Streptococcus uberis and coliform; all but three of the infections were sensitive in vitro to one or both of the antibiotics in the preparations. On the farm with 100 cows, 69 per cent of cases were cured, while only 52 per cent were cured on the farm with 300 cows. It is suggested that it is more difficult to detect and treat cases in the larger herd. A number of reservations about the interpretation of the results are discussed.
Mechanisms of Guided Bone Regeneration: A Review (2014)

Post-extraction crestal bone resorption is common and unavoidable which can lead to significant ridge dimensional changes. To regenerate enough bone for successful implant placement, Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) is often required. GBR is a surgical procedure that uses barrier membranes with or without particulate bone grafts or/and bone substitutes. There are two approaches of GBR in implant therapy: GBR at implant placement (simultaneous approach) and GBR before implant placement to increase the alveolar ridge or improve ridge morphology (staged approach). Angiogenesis and ample blood supply play a critical role in promoting bone regeneration.
Comparative study of ribonucleotides, deoxyribonucleotides, and hybrid oligonucleotide helixes by nuclear magnetic resonance (1981)

The nonexchangeable base protons and the hydrogen-bonding NH--N imino protons were used to study the conformations and the helix--coil transitions in the following oligonucleotides: (I) dCT5G + dCA5G, (II) rCU5G + rCA5G, (III) dCT5 G + rCA5G, (IV) rCU5G + dCA5G. The first three mixtures all form stable double-helical structures at 5 degrees C, whereas IV forms a triple strand with an rCU5G:dCA5G 2:1 ratio. The chemical shifts of the imino protons in the double strands indicate that I, II, and III have different conformations in solution. For example, the hydrogen-bonded proton of one of the C.G base pairs is more deshielded (a 0.4-ppm downfield shift) in helix I than in helix II or III. This implies a significant change in helical parameters, such as the winding angle, the distance between base pairs, or overlap of the bases. The coupling constants of the H1' sugar protons show that helix I has 90% 2'-endo sugar conformation, whereas helix III has greater than 85% 3'-endo conformation for the observed sugar rings. The sugar pucker data are consistent with helix I having B-family geometry; III has A-family geometry. The chemical shifts of the nonexchangeable base protons in system I were followed with increasing temperature. The midpoints for the transitions, Tm's, for all the base protons were 28--30 degrees C; this indicates an all-or-none transition.
A comprehensive model of the quiet-time, near-Earth magnetic field: phase 3 (2002)

The near-Earth magnetic field is caused by sources in the Earth's core, ionosphere, magnetosphere, lithosphere and from coupling currents between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere, and between hemispheres. Traditionally, the main field (low degree internal field) and magnetospheric field have been modelled simultaneously, with fields from other sources being modelled separately. Such a scheme, however, can introduce spurious features, especially when the spatial and temporal scales of the fields overlap. A new model, designated CM3 (Comprehensive Model: phase 3), is the third in a series of efforts to coestimate fields from all of these sources. This model has been derived from quiet-time Magsat and POGO satellite and observatory hourly means measurements for the period 1960-1985. It represents a significant advance in the treatment of the aforementioned field sources over previous attempts, and includes an accounting for main field influences on the magnetosphere, main field and solar activity influences on the ionosphere, seasonal influences on the coupling currents, a priori characterization of the influence of the ionosphere and the magnetosphere on Earth-induced fields, and an explicit parametrization and estimation of the lithospheric field. The result is a model that describes well the 591 432 data with 16 594 parameters, implying a data-to-parameter ratio of 36, which is larger than several popular field models.
Arte+ciencia+vida=arte. El arte de acción como experiencia de vida. La creación de metarrepresentaciones durante la acción (2015)

Este trabajo de investigacion nace de la observacion sobre la dificultad que hay en la vida cotidiana academica y que tiene el publico en general para entender la performance, y ubicarla como manifestacion artistica plastica y visual con elementos constitutivos propios. Esta falta de entendimiento entre los conceptos de representacion y presentacion de la accion supone un rechazo, y por consiguiente, una separacion entre la performance y la vida cotidiana y/o publico en general. Debido al caracter relacional e interdisciplinar de esta investigacion y con el fin de seguir generando mas espacios de dialogos y participacion para facilitar una interaccion que permita una mayor comunicacion entre el arte de accion y la vida cotidiana y/o publico en general, este estudio se ha dividido en cuatro capitulos, enmarcados los tres primeros en distintas relaciones: el primero esta dedicado al binomio ?arte y vida? (entendiendo ?vida? como vida cotidiana o publico en general), el segundo capitulo a la relacion ?arte y ciencia?, y el tercer capitulo al trinomio ?arte, ciencia y vida? dedicado este, al estudio del cerebro como un material plastico por ser elemento constitutivo de la performances y elemento comun entre el performer y el publico, dentro de la interdisciplinaridad arte y ciencia. Y por ultimo, en el cuarto capitulo se expone un estudio de caso, con el proposito de experimentar sobre como llevar a la practica posibles aproximaciones entre el arte de accion y la vida cotidiana academica y/o publico en general.
Towed Vehicle for Constant Depth and Bottom Contouring Operations (1971)

ABSTRACT A towed vehicle capable of constant depth operation and bottom contouring has been designed and built for'pol1uiion monitoring studies in estuarine and marine environments. The principal characteristics are:Length.... ........54 inchesWing Span .........39 inchesBody Diameter......9 inchesTowing Speed.......1-4knotsOperation Depth ... Surface to 100 feetOperating Modes ... Bottom Contouring Constant DepthBottom Contouring..10 to 30 feet above bottomWeight in Air......110 poundsBuoyancy.............6 poundTowing Cable Type...1/4 inch polypropylene ropeTowing Cable Length ... 100 - 300 feet The basic configuration of the vehicle is that of an airplane with fixed forward wings and rear movable elevators. The elevators can assume two positions that correspond to (1) diving and (2) surfacing. The distance from the bottom is measured with an echo sounder and the depth with a pressure gage. The control system is of the, open loop type with a yes - no mode of operation. The most interesting characteristics found in the preliminary study and tests with a full size wooden model were that (1) the lift to drag ratio is relatively independent of the velocity for a constant elevator setting and (2) the response to a weaving force of 10 pounds with a period of × seconds is a displacement from the line of motion of approximately × feet. Sea trials made in the San Francisco Bay showed that without automatic controls the vehicle reached a certain depth in about 20 seconds and maintained this depth within ± 6 inches. In the bottom contouring mode the vehicle followed the bottom with oscillations contained within 4 - 5 feet. In the constant depth mode, depth was maintained with oscillation contained within 5 - 5 feet. INTRODUCTION The most common systems used for gathering environmental data in marine waters can be grouped in two general cateogries.On station measurements or water sampling along the water column.Underway measurements using a submerged instrument housing or a submerged pump and inboard instrumentation. Our particular problem was to measure a large number of environmental parameters in estuarine and coastal waters for pollution assessment. In this particular environment, because of the varying of the physical condition (currents, eddies, long shore drift, etc.) it is difficult to establish a clear picture of the distribution and concentration of pollutants unless a great amount of data is gathered in a relatively short time. In designing an instrumentation system adequate for this problem, we also stressed low cost and simplicity of operation. We chose to use a towed underwater vehicle housing the sensors, the data recording system and all the necessary power supplies, and capable of maintaining either a constant depth or a constant distance above the bottom, because a large number of continuously monitoring fixed stations is both very expensive and impractical in a marine environment.
Marriage on the Ballot: An Analysis of Same-Sex Marriage Referendums in North Carolina, Minnesota, and Washington During the 2012 Elections (2016)

a total of forty times. 2 Until the 2012 elections in Maine, Maryland, and Washington, citizens had not yet voted to legalize same-sex marriage at the ballot box.In June 2015, the United States Supreme Court decided in Obergefell v. Hodges that bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional. 3 While the basic right of same-sex marriage is now decided, issues related to same-sex marriage as a social policy-for example, whether public figures can opt out of performing marriages based on their religious beliefs or whether businesses must cater to same-sex couples-will continue to be matters considered both in the courts and on the ballot.Despite the often-contentious nature of the issue-and the sometimes astronomical spending for or against these measures-research using individual-level data to analyze how individuals make decisions concerning same-sex marriage is limited.In what represents some of the only individual-level data that explores how voters decided these social policy questions, our previous research on same-sex marriage 4 examines an exit survey of California voters regarding Proposition 8-the highly contentious and notably expensive constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage in California that was later overturned by the United States Supreme Court. 5 Our results reveal that most voters knew very little about the measure.Those who knew and trusted one of the political parties' endorsements, however, were likely to use that cue to arrive at a decision.This finding supports the theory of persuasion, learning, and choice that Lupia and McCubbins proposed. 6 By contrast, voters' knowledge of specific facts about the measure had a negligible effect on their decisions.Our previous results, while novel and interesting, suffer from a relatively small sample size. 7Moreover, due to the exit