gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stark Tuning of Single-Photon Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2018)

Single-photon emitters play an essential role in quantum technologies, including quantum computing and quantum communications. Atomic defects in hexagonal boron nitride ( h-BN) have recently emerged as new room-temperature single-photon emitters in solid-state systems, but the development of scalable and tunable h-BN single-photon emitters requires external methods that can control the emission energy of individual defects. Here, by fabricating van der Waals heterostructures of h-BN and graphene, we demonstrate the electrical control of single-photon emission from atomic defects in h-BN via the Stark effect. By applying an out-of-plane electric field through graphene gates, we observed Stark shifts as large as 5.4 nm per GV/m. The Stark shift generated upon a vertical electric field suggests the existence of out-of-plane dipole moments associated with atomic defect emitters, which is supported by first-principles theoretical calculations. Furthermore, we found field-induced discrete modification and stabilization of emission intensity, which were reversibly controllable with an external electric field.
[Use of coffee grounds for production of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) Kummer]. (2004)

Studies were carried out to screen the industrial strain HK35 of Pleurotus ostreatus for its ability to develop fruiting bodies in solid state cultivation using several substrates containing 17.8 to 55% coffee grounds. Our results showed that only 55% of coffee grounds was used in the substrate without detecting changes in fruiting body or on its biological efficiency of production. The chemical analysis of the caffeine in the substrate showed that this compound decreased about 59% of the mycelium activity, and no caffeine was found in fruiting bodies indicating its degradation by the fungal strain tested.
Catalyst-Free and Low-Temperature Terpolymerization in a Single-Component Benzoxazine Resin Containing Both Norbornene and Acetylene Functionalities (2018)

Multicomponent copolymerization is an efficient approach for balancing the processability and thermal and mechanical properties of polymers. However, the copolymerization system has rarely been observed in single component resins. Here we report a terpolymerization system in a novel ortho-norbornene functional benzoxazine containing acetylene group (oHPNI-ac), where the chemical structures of oHPNI-ac are confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The polymerization behaviors are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in situ FT-IR, and solid-state 13C NMR. In addition to the polymerization of the oxazine ring and acetylene group, oHPNI-ac exhibits an unexpected lower thermally activated polymerization temperature of norbornene functionality compared with other reported norbornene containing monomers or oligomers. Furthermore, rheological measurements are applied to reveal the evolution of the rheological behavior of oHPNI-ac during the polymerization at different temperatures. The resulting thermoset derived from oHPNI-ac possesses the combined advantages of low-temperature polymerization, easy processability, high thermal stability, and low dielectric constant, indicating its potential applications in aerospace, electronics industries, and other areas requiring a high performance polymeric matrix.
Synthesis of Steroidal Methylene Compounds by the Wittig Reaction<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Steroidal Methylene Compounds by the Wittig Reaction1Franz Sondheimer and Raphael MechoulamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 18, 5029–5033Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01575a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01575a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views411Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intermolecular Interaction of Avidin and PEGylated Biotin (2007)

The equilibrium binding constants and stoichiometries between PEGylated biotins and avidin have been studied for a range of PEGylated biotin molecular weights. These studies show that as the molecular weight of PEG (polyethylene glycol) increases over the range 588, 3400, and 5000 g/mol, the equilibrium dissociation constants of PEGylated biotins with avidin increase to approximately 10 (-8) M compared with 10 (-15) M for the biotin-avidin complex. The stoichiometries of PEGylated biotins with avidin are 4:1 for 588 and 3400 g/mol PEG and 1:1 for 5000 g/mol PEG. The data demonstrate that the equilibrium binding constant and the stoichiometry of the avidin-biotin-PEG complex system can be adjusted by the length of PEG chains. This approach may be used with PEGylated biotin analogues for pretargeting in drug delivery, such as a biotin-PEGylated enzyme for converting an inactive prodrug into a cytotoxin. When a PEG chain is chosen as an appropriate spacer, the length of the PEG chain must be considered because PEG can block the binding sites on avidin.
A PLATFORM FOR THE PROVISION OF CONTENT NETWORKS BASED ON IMS, METADATA, PRESENCE AND P2P TECHNOLOGIES (2008)

The Internet is currently being designed and used in a way that is strongly influenced by inter-personal communications and content-based services. Content Networks, having presence and audiovisual metadata descriptions as central concepts, can play an important role in the provision of these services. The CN represents thus a highly distributed information system, for the provision of content networks where users can interact with available content, based on the characteristics already mentioned (content descriptions, users preferences and presence). Existing standards from the ISO/IEC MPEG (MPEG-7,-21) and IETF (PIDF, RPID) provide the technologies for these elementary features. This thesis contributes to the deployment of Content Networks by proposing a layered architecture where the IMS Multimedia Subsystem and P2P-based midlleware in order to tackle the problem of terminal, networks heterogeneity and the integration of different presence and metadata tools. The P2P-based middleware is used to construct autonomously self-organized, context and interest based communities by providing overlay infrastructures for the interconnection of different Content Networks components. The results obtained from implementing this architecture using Open IMS Core and Scribe open platforms show that the proposed architecture can be used for the creation and deployment of services on Content Networks and meet the requirements set for the design, implementation and deployment of novel multimedia content services. An important research area that should be also considered is to investigate in the future how the proposed CN middleware infrastructure can be extended beyond audiovisual content metadata. One of the extensions to be explored is dynamic service creation, deployment and execution depending on context.
Effects of selective medium on lipid accumulation of chlorellas and screening of high lipid mutants through ultraviolet mutagenesis (2011)

Two micro-algae Y019 and Y041 were isolated from tropical fresh water in Hainan, China. Throughphylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences, they had been identified as Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Subsequently, both of them and C. vulgaris FACHB-31 were cultured respectively in four selective medium (SE, BG11, HSM1, DS) at 25°C, 230 r/min, 24 h full light[z1], 50-110 μE/m2/s. Effects of these media on the cell growth and lipid content were detected. The results showed that, the HSM1 medium is more suitable for the growth of Chlorella, while the DS medium is more conducive to the lipid accumulation. In the DS medium, the lipid content of C. vulgaris Y019 was 1.84 ~ 2.64-fold than others at 12 days. So the local separated algae C. vulgaris Y019 is thought of an ideal raw material for biodiesel production. After that, we conducted Ultraviolet mutagenesis for C. vulgaris Y019. A total of 1086 algae strains had been screened for lipid production in HSM and HSM-N media.. Results showed: in HSM medium, mutants Y019-M57 and Y019-M66 were identified as high lipid producing mutants, while in HSM-N medium Y019-M67 was detected as high lipid content mutants. These mutants laid the foundation for further research and commercial application.
				
					 
				
					Key words: Chlorella, culture medium, Ultraviolet mutants, lipid accumulation.
Rapid antigen detection using the liquid sample as a lens and self-mixer for light scattering detection (2010)

Abstract Superhydrophobic surfaces, both natural and artificial, cause aqueous drops to bead on them. The most water-repellent surfaces produce nearly perfect spheres with very little contact between water, solutes, and surface due to the roughness of the surface ^1^. However, a related phenomenon that has not been well appreciated until recently, is that colloidal particles in the aqueous drop remain highly mobile, and smaller-sized colloids migrate to the drop surface due to both the driving force of evaporation and the expanded liquid/air interface ^2-3^. A newly identified, third useful optical property resulting from the suspension of an aqueous drop by the superhydrophobic surface is that a spheroidal lens is created. Without any additional energy or instrumentation, the simple placement of an aqueous sample on a superhydrophobic surface followed by the placement of a reagent drop results in very rapid mixing and a means to detect and monitor antigens via agglutination.
Band offset FinFET-based URAM (Unified-RAM) built on SiC for multi-functioning NVM and capacitorless 1T-DRAM (2008)

A FinFET-based unified-RAM (URAM) using the band offset of Si/SiC is demonstrated for the fusion of a non-volatile memory (NVM) and capacitorless 1T-DRAM operation. An oxide/nitride/oxide (O/N/O) gate dielectric and a floating body caused by the band offset are combined in a bulk FinFET to allow two memory operations in a single transistor. The device is fabricated on an epitaxially grown Si/SiC substrate and its process is fully compatible with a conventional bulk FinFET SONOS. Highly reliable NVM and high speed 1T-DRAM operation are confirmed in a single URAM cell.
Abschied von der Newtonschen Mechanik (1986)

Relativitätstheorie — welche Vorstellungen verbinden Sie mit diesem Wort? Höchstwahrscheinlich werden Sie zuerst an Albert Einstein denken, oder an die Formel E = mc2, oder an Raumfahrer, die nach jahrelanger Reise kaum gealtert zurückkehren. Das ist die wohlverdiente Anerkennung des ungeheuren geistigen Einflusses, den die spezielle Relativitätstheorie, wie Einstein seine Schöpfung nannte, hinterließ — ein Einfluß, der auch nach 60 Jahren nichts von seiner Kraft verloren hat. Die Entwicklung dieser Theorie durch Einstein und andere um die Jahrhundertwende wird zu Recht als einer der größten Schritte angesehen, den die Menschheit in der Beschreibung und Interpretation der physikalischen Welt jemals tat. Und doch ist die Grundlage der Relativitätstheorie so alt wie die Mechanik von Newton oder Galilei, Das ist, grob gesagt, eigentlich nur eine Bestätigung dafür, daß die Gesetze der Physik in vielen verschiedenen Bezugssystemen die gleichen sind.
The Effect of Megestrol Acetate on Growth of HepG2 Cells <b> <i>In vitro</i> </b> and <b> <i>In vivo</i> </b> (2004)

This study showed that megestrol acetate inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells grown in vitro and in vivo. These data provide useful information for clinical study of megestrol acetate for the treatment of HCC.
Fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensator by single-period overlap-step-scan exposure (2003)

We theoretically demonstrate that a high-quality fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensator can be fabricated by a properly designed single-period overlap-step-scan exposure method. A practical design example and a detailed tolerance analysis of this new fabrication method are given.
Transform coding of monochrome and color images using trellis coded quantization (1993)

The application of transform coding using trellis coded quantization (TCQ) to encode monochrome and color images is investigated. Specifically, TCQ is used to encode transform coefficients resulting from applying a 16 * 16 discrete cosine transform (DCT) to 8-b gray level and 24-b color images. For the color images, the red, green, and blue (RGB) planes are transformed into the NTSC transmission primaries (Y,I,and Q) before the DCT is applied. Rate allocation schemes for encoding the transform coefficients and side information are presented and discussed. The generalized Lloyd algorithm and the entropy-constrained vector quantizer design algorithm are used to design fixed-rate and entropy-constrained codebooks. The entropy-constrained designs result in a low-complexity system with objective performance rivaling that of many coding schemes from the literature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiplexed optical fiber sensors using a single Fabry-Perot resonator for phase modulation (1996)

This paper describes the use of different optical return paths in a single Fabry-Perot phase modulator to perform coherence division multiplexing, and a combination of coherence and frequency division multiplexing of Fabry-Perot interferometric optical fiber sensors. A path-matched differential interferometry (PMDI) using low finesse Fabry-Perot sensors, one moderate finesse Fabry-Perot read-out resonator, and a broadband light source consisting of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is used to illustrate the idea. The first, second and third order of multiple paths in a single Fabry-Perot read-out resonator are used to path-match three Fabry-Perot sensors. These three orders of path-matches provide a single, double and triple depth of modulation (phase-change) when the read-out is used as an optical phase modulator, and therefore provide a single, double and triple carrier frequency when serrodyne demodulation is used. The use of a single moderate finesse read-out Fabry-Perot resonator to simultaneously path-match coherence multiplexed sensors reduces the complexity of the optical system. Experiments and modeling are used to show the existence of the first, second, and third order of interference path-match conditions, and to determine the read-out configuration that enhances the visibility of the higher order path-match conditions. Using the multiple return paths in a single PZT-based Fabry-Perot read-out interferometer and serrodyne demodulation, several multiplexing schemes are investigated, and their relative merits discussed.
Nonisolated High Gain DC–DC Converter for DC Microgrids (2017)

DC microgrids are popular due to the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics and fuel cells. Owing to the low output voltage of these dc power generators, high efficient high gain dc-dc converters are in need to connect the dc microgrid. In this paper, a nonisolated high gain dc-dc converter is proposed without using the voltage multiplier cell and/or hybrid switched-capacitor technique. The proposed topology utilizes two nonisolated inductors that are connected in series/parallel during discharging/charging mode. The operation of switches with two different duty ratios is the main advantage of the converter to achieve high voltage gain without using extreme duty ratio. The steady-state analysis of the proposed converter using two different duty ratios is discussed in detail. In addition, a 100 W, 20/200 V prototype circuit of the high gain dc-dc converter is developed, and the performance is validated using experimental results.
Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease in later life: longitudinal, population based study (2001)

Raised systolic blood pressure and high serum cholesterol concentration, and in particular the combination of these risks, in midlife increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease in later life.
Multiple forms of lactoferrin in normal and leukemic human granulocytes. (1990)

Multiple forms of lactoferrin (Lf) were detected in granulocytes isolated from normal individuals and patients with granulocytic leukemias. One class of Lfs bound iron; a second class did not bind iron but possessed potent ribonuclease activity. The different forms of Lf were similar, if not identical, in their physical, chemical, and antigenic properties. The multiple forms of Lf may relate to the various functions ascribed to the molecule.
Increased risk in esophageal obstruction with slow-release medications. (1997)

Although medication-induced (pill) esophagitis has been recognized for a long time, little data are available on the risk of recently introduced slow-release medications. These formulations may have an obstructive capability (undissolved medication blocking an obstructed lumen) or may cause tissue irritation (continuous leakage from a slowly disintegrating pill). We observed a patient with esophageal carcinoma who developed complete obstruction when three Procardia XL (nifedipine) extended-release tablets blocked the narrowed lumen. An intact Procardia XL tablet and a washed shell as a control were implanted subcutaneously in a rat. The intact pill produced a large inflammatory mass: in contrast, no inflammatory response was noted at the control site implanted with a washed shell. In vitro testing of seven different slow-release medications revealed a wide difference in their solubility at a neutral pH and in gastric juice of pH 1.8 (simulation of esophageal or gastric environment). Theolair-SR (anhydrous theophylline, sustained-release) tablets had the highest obstructive, but no irritating potential. Cardizem SR (diltiazem hydrochloride) sustained-release capsules dissolved promptly without obstructive potential. Adalat CC (nifedipine) extended-release tablets also dissolved early at both pH values. Cardizem CD (diltiazem hydrochloride) extended-release capsules and Calan SR (verapamil hydrochloride) sustained-release oral caplets disintegrated into granules that had a low obstructive potential, but their prolonged presence increased the risk of tissue irritation. Ecotrin (enteric-coated aspirin) tablets had a high obstructive and no irritating potential in the first 24 hours, after which they disintegrated and directly contacted the tissue. Procardia XL extended-release tablets had an insoluble shell that continued to leak a tissue-irritating content even after 48 hours, generating a prolonged obstructive and irritating condition. In conclusion, slow-release medications greatly increase the risk of esophageal injury. Their obstructive and tissue-irritating potentials differ widely. Slow-release formulations should be contraindicated in patients who have obstructive esophageal and gastric disorders.
In-Depth Analysis on Microarchitectures of Modern Heterogeneous CPU-FPGA Platforms (2019)

Conventional homogeneous multicore processors are not able to provide the continued performance and energy improvement that we have expected from past endeavors. Heterogeneous architectures that feature specialized hardware accelerators are widely considered a promising paradigm for resolving this issue. Among different heterogeneous devices, FPGAs that can be reconfigured to accelerate a broad class of applications with orders-of-magnitude performance/watt gains, are attracting increased attention from both academia and industry. As a consequence, a variety of CPU-FPGA acceleration platforms with diversified microarchitectural features have been supplied by industry vendors. Such diversity, however, poses a serious challenge to application developers in selecting the appropriate platform for a specific application or application domain. This article aims to address this challenge by determining which microarchitectural characteristics affect performance, and in what ways. Specifically, we conduct a quantitative comparison and an in-depth analysis on five state-of-the-art CPU-FPGA acceleration platforms: (1) the Alpha Data board and (2) the Amazon F1 instance that represent the traditional PCIe-based platform with private device memory; (3) the IBM CAPI that represents the PCIe-based system with coherent shared memory; (4) the first generation of the Intel Xeon+FPGA Accelerator Platform that represents the QPI-based system with coherent shared memory; and (5) the second generation of the Intel Xeon+FPGA Accelerator Platform that represents a hybrid PCIe-based (non-coherent) and QPI-based (coherent) system with shared memory. Based on the analysis of their CPU-FPGA communication latency and bandwidth characteristics, we provide a series of insights for both application developers and platform designers. Furthermore, we conduct two case studies to demonstrate how these insights can be leveraged to optimize accelerator designs. The microbenchmarks used for evaluation have been released for public use.
Optical Absorption and Thermal Transport of Individual Suspended Carbon Nanotube Bundles (2009)

A focused laser beam is used to heat individual single-walled carbon nanotube bundles bridging two suspended microthermometers. By measurement of the temperature rise of the two thermometers, the optical absorption of 7.4-10.3 nm diameter bundles is found to be between 0.03 and 0.44% of the incident photons in the 0.4 microm diameter laser spot. The thermal conductance of the bundle is obtained with the additional measurement of the temperature rise of the nanotubes in the laser spot from shifts in the Raman G band frequency. According to the nanotube bundle diameter determined by transmission electron microscopy, the thermal conductivity is obtained.
Study of Memory Alignment of Nematic Liquid Crystals on Polyvinyl Alcohol Coatings (1993)

Polymer layers can cause memory alignment of nematic liquid crystals. We describe an experimental method to characterize this effect. We studied the temperature dependence of the memory alignment on polyvinyl alcohol coatings. We also investigated the influence of the time span during which the memory alignment is generated. We propose an adsorption-desorption mechanism by which we can explain our observations in a reasonable way.