gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased expression of the natural killer cell inhibitory receptor CD85j/ILT2 on antigen‐specific effector CD8 T cells and its impact on CD8 T‐cell function (2004)

We investigated whether inhibitory natural killer cell receptor (iNKR) expression contributes to impaired antigen-specific cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by CD8 T cells during chronic infection. iNKR immunoglobulin-like transcript-2 (ILT2/CD85j) is expressed on 40-55% of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)- and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8 T cells in both healthy and HIV-infected donors. Other iNKRs (CD158a, b1, e1/e2, k, CD94/NKG2A) are expressed on only a small minority of CD8 T cells and are not preferentially expressed on tetramer-staining virus-specific cells. In normal donors, ILT2 is expressed largely on perforin(+) CD27(-) effector cells. However, in HIV-infected donors, only a third of ILT2(+) cells are also perforin(+). In both normal and HIV-infected donors, ILT2(+) cells are prone to spontaneous apoptosis. Therefore, ILT2 is normally expressed during effector cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) differentiation, but can also be expressed when effector maturation is incomplete, as in HIV infection. The effect of ILT2 on CD8 cell function was assessed by preincubating effector cells with ILT2 antibody. While blocking ILT2 engagement has no appreciable effect on cytotoxicity, it increases antiviral IFN-gamma production by approximately threefold in both normal and HIV-infected donors. Thus, ILT2 expression, increased on antiviral CD8 cells in chronic infection, may interfere with protective CD8 T-cell function by suppressing IFN-gamma production.
152. Retinal Tropism of Exosome-Associated AAV Vector Via Intravitreal Delivery (2015)

Recent clinical studies have validated the use of adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) as a safe and efficient gene delivery vehicle for the treatment of retinal disorders. Different studies targeting the retina using AAV vectors have been achieved transduction of retinal cells via one of two delivery routes: subretinal or intravitreal injections, with subretinal delivery by far the most efficient method. Current treatments for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) heavily rely on protein drug delivery via regular and repeated intravitreal injections making the current standard of care clearly not optimal. One alternative for AMD treatment would be to use an AAV-based gene delivery and indeed preclinical studies in both mouse and non-human primates have shown that intravitreal delivery of AAV2 can mediate sustained expression of transgenes in the vitreous cavity following a single injection. Since the DNA is encapsulated in the AAV capsid, it is the capsid that determines the majority of the pharmacological interactions with the host, including cellular specificity, binding and uptake, immune activation and stability. However intravitreal injections using AAV vectors are inefficient regarding expression levels and poses higher inflammatory risk to vector or transgene antigens. In the current study we evaluated the retinal tropism of exosome-associated AAV9 vector (vexosomes). Exosomes are naturally secreted membrane nanovesicles involved in intercellular communication. We have previously shown that vexosomes highly outperforms regular AAV in efficacy in vitro and in vivo, and are resistant to neutralizing antibodies due to shielding of the AAV by the exosomal membrane. AAV9-vexosomes were isolated from AAV-producer cell (293T) media by ultracentrifugation. AAV vexosomes were injected into C57bl/6 wild type mice and transgene expression was evaluated at 2 and 4 weeks post injections via in vivo fundus imaging. Eyes were collected at 4 weeks post injections and retinal cell tropism was analyzed. Comparison of transgene expression levels between the different vexosomes and traditionally formulated AAV vectors was done using real time PCR. Intravitreal delivery of AAV9-vexosomes showed increased level of retinal cells transduction compared to regular AAV9 vectors which show very poor transduction. Apparently, vexosomes were able to penetrate through the ILM and transduce the retina in patches, as assessed by fundus imaging. Due to the immune issues surrounding gene delivery in the eye via an intravitreal route, the results presented here indicate a promising alternative gene delivery platform using vexosomes that could circumvent the inflammatory risks expected by intravitreal injection. Further studies in assessing the extent vexosomes evade neutralization in the vitreous will be extremely important to complement the results presented here.
HETEROSIS RESULTING FROM DEGENERATIVE CHANGES (1945)

ERITABLE variations in inbred strains of maize occur infrequently. All H the mutations BO far found either do not increase the amount of growth and productiveness or clearly reduce the plants in some degree Several changes have been noted recently and reported in a preliminary way These mutations and their effects in hybrid combinations are described ip detail here.
[Polish preparations for preventing and treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. (1985)

Three preparations, viz. sheep serum for local application ("Sanoserum"), anti-Pseudomonas sheep immunoglobulin for passive immunization ("Immunoglobulin Pseudomonas") and Pseudomonas vaccine for active immunization ("Pseudovac"), have been obtained at the Central Laboratory of Sera and Vaccines in Warsaw, Poland. The laboratory study and clinical trial of these preparations have been carried out. The preparations have proved to be effective as supplement to the conventional methods for the early diagnosis and treatment of P. aeruginosa infection in burn patients.
First Total Synthesis of Mycothiol and Mycothiol Disulfide (2004)

[reaction: see text] The first total synthesis of mycothiol and mycothiol disulfide was achieved by linking D-2,3,4,5,6-penta-O-acetyl-myo-inositol, O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl)-2-azido-2-deoxy-alpha,beta-D-glucopyranosyl) trichloroacetimidate, and N,S-diacetyl-L-cysteine and deprotecting peracetylated mycothiol. The first full spectral characterization is reported for underivatized mycothiol. The structure of mycothiol was confirmed by spectral analysis of the known bimane derivative.
Quantification of cytochrome <i>P</i>-450 gene expression in human tissues (1990)

Conference Article| August 01 1990 Quantification of cytochrome P-450 gene expression in human tissues COLIN N. A. PALMER; COLIN N. A. PALMER *Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ELIZABETH A. SHEPHARD; ELIZABETH A. SHEPHARD †Department of Biochemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar IAN R. PHILLIPS IAN R. PHILLIPS *Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1990) 18 (4): 615–616. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180615 Article history Received: November 24 1989 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation COLIN N. A. PALMER, ELIZABETH A. SHEPHARD, IAN R. PHILLIPS; Quantification of cytochrome P-450 gene expression in human tissues. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1990; 18 (4): 615–616. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180615 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Sensors for measuring combustibles in the absence of oxygen (2002)

The authors describe sensors incorporating at least one ZrO/sub 2/ electrochemical cell together with a combustibles sensing element. The sensors are capable of measuring combustibles even in the absence of oxygen. The ZrO/sub 2/ cell is used as an oxygen pump to introduce into the sensor structure the amount of oxygen necessary for the proper operation of the sensing element. Devices of this type can also be used to determine the composition of simple fuel mixtures. Results of experimental investigations of these device concepts are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling of sloped sidewalls formed by simultaneous etching and deposition (1989)

Dry etching of microstructures in various materials has sometimes resulted in sidewalls which slope away from the mask edge. In this paper we model this phenomenon using a process of simultaneous isotropic deposition and anisotropic etching which has been shown by others to give good qualitative agreement with observed etched profiles. A simple analytical relationship between the etch and deposition rates of the deposited material is given and used to deduce a number of features of sloped sidewall etching. We compare these predictions with some experimental results gained using metal based compounds as the deposit material. We provide evidence suggesting that this metal compound deposition can explain a number of previous observations of sloped sidewalls.
Rules of Engagement: Molecular Insights from Host-Virus Arms Races (2012)

Mammalian genes and genomes have been shaped by ancient and ongoing challenges from viruses. These genetic imprints can be identified via evolutionary analyses to reveal fundamental details about when (how old), where (which protein domains), and how (what are the functional consequences of adaptive changes) host-virus arms races alter the proteins involved. Just as extreme amino acid conservation can serve to identify key immutable residues in enzymes, positively selected residues point to molecular recognition interfaces between host and viral proteins that have adapted and counter-adapted in a long series of classical Red Queen conflicts. Common rules for the strategies employed by both hosts and viruses have emerged from case studies of innate immunity genes in primates. We are now poised to use these rules to transition from a retrospective view of host-virus arms races to specific predictions about which host genes face pathogen antagonism and how those genetic conflicts transform host and virus evolution.
A Mechanical Intensity Shading Map (1938)

"A Mechanical Intensity Shading Map." Journal of the American Statistical Association, 33(204), p. 713
Directivity factors for linear arrays of velocity sensors (2001)

Some of the features unique to beamforming a linear array of acoustic velocity sensors, which are not present with scalar-sensing elements (such as conventional pressure sensors), are described in this paper. Four types of sensors are considered here: a uniaxial motion sensor, which measures acoustic particle velocity along a single axis; a biaxial motion sensor measuring velocity in two orthogonal directions; a triaxial motion sensor that measures all three orthogonal components of the velocity vector; and a sensor, denoted as an acoustic vector sensor, that measures acoustic pressure as well as the complete velocity vector. Comparisons are made of the directivity index for each type of sensor and for linear arrays of sensors. It is shown that uniaxial velocity sensors can have a maximum directivity factor three times greater than an omnidirectional pressure sensor, a gain in directivity index of 4.8 dB. Not surprisingly, this directivity gain is highly dependent on signal arrival direction. Indeed, a uniaxial velocity sensor’s directivity can be less than that of an omnidirectional pressure, indicative of a loss in signal level. These comparisons further indicate that a single vector sensor can provide 6 dB of directivity gain, four times the directivity of a pressure sensor. Line arrays of directional sensors can have a directivity index approximately 5 dB greater than that of an identical line array of pressure sensors for approximately all azimuthal array steerings.
A New General Method for the Asymmetric Synthesis of 4-Alkyl-3-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (1999)

A highly enantioselective method for the synthesis of 4-alkyl substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines is reported. The key step relies on the asymmetric synthesis of alpha-alkylarylacetic acids by alkylation of their corresponding amides employing (S,S)-(+)-pseudoephedrine as chiral inductor. Subsequent Friedel-Crafts acylation, stereocontrolled reductive amination and Pictet-Spengler cyclization affords the title compounds in excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>in Vivo</i>Melanogenesis Inhibition by Biochanin A from<i>Trifolium pratense</i> (2011)

Our previous study showed that a methanol extract from Trifolium pratense exerted potent inhibitory activity on melanogenesis in mouse B16 melanoma cells. In the present study, the active compound in this Chinese herb extract was isolated and identified as biochanin A by mass spectrum, (1)H-NMR, and (13)C-NMR analysis. The inhibitory effects of biochanin A on melanogenesis were investigated in vitro in cultured melanoma cells and in vivo in zebrafish and mice. Biochanin A dose-dependently inhibited both melanogenesis and cellular tyrosinase activity in B16 cells and in zebrafish embryos. Application of a cream containing 2% biochanin A twice daily to the skin of mice also increased the skin-whitening index value after 1 week of treatment, and the increase continued for another 2 weeks. Biochanin A was confirmed as a good candidate for use as a skin-whitening agent in the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation disorders.
RFID Textile and Map Making System for Large Area Positioning (2009)

We present a process for the development of an RFID textile, and have developed a map making system to support highly accurate position detection. Massively distributed RFIDs have the potential for location aware applications however time and cost are high for the deployment of the RFID tags, and correlation of the physical coordinates with each ID for making a map. We developed an RFID woven textile and a customized textile inspection machine with an automatic map making function. These developments have the potential to extend location aware systems with massively distributed tags. We examine the feasibility of a tracking system with RFID textile by using 19-meter coated textile as a carpet to the laboratory room and corridor. The system was calibrated in 38 mins and achieved a 10cm resolution.
Blockage of methylcitrate cycle inhibits polyketide production in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> (2004)

Aspergillus nidulans produces the polyketide toxin sterigmatocystin (ST) of which the biosynthetic and pathway specific regulatory genes compose a stc gene cluster. A previous mutagenesis screen identified 23 mutants defective in production of ST. Five mutants constitute a single locus. Genetic complementation and sequencing analysis revealed the mutant locus to be mcsA encoding methylcitrate synthase that converts propionyl-CoA to methylcitrate. Feeding downstream products of methylcitrate synthase, methylcitrate and pyruvate, did not restore ST production in mcsA mutants, indicating that loss of methylcitrate cycle products is not the cause of the ST defect. However, propionate, a precursor for propionyl-CoA, inhibited ST production and induced transcription of mcsA in the wild type. Furthermore, propionate impaired formation of two polyketide spore pigments whereas overexpression of mcsA relieved inhibition of ST production by propionate. Transcription analyses revealed that disruption of mcsA did not affect expression of the specialized fatty acid synthase genes (stcJ and stcK) or polyketide synthase gene (stcA) required for formation of norsolorinic acid (NOR), the first stable intermediate in the ST biosynthetic pathway. Feeding studies showed that NOR but not hexanoic acid (the fatty acid produced by StcJ/StcK and primer unit of StcA) or malonate (source of the extender unit of StcA) restored ST production in the mcsA mutant. We hypothesize that excess buildup of propionyl-CoA in mcsA mutants interferes with polyketide synthase activity.
Electrical variable-speed drives (1984)

The paper outlines the principles upon which the efficient control of speed of electrical machines is based, and classifies all the main types of variable-speed drive in accordance with these principles. The development of successful forms of drive is charted from the early machines using electromagnetic control to their modern equivalents using electronic control. The modern drives are described in some detail, and their main features tabulated to show the factors which should be taken into account when selecting a drive system.
Biosynthesis and accumulation of D‐ononitol in <i>Vigna umbellata</i> in response to drought stress (1997)

Metabolic responses to water deficit that lead to an accumulation of cyclitols, have been examined in rice bean ( Vigna umbellata [Thunb.] Ohwi et Ohashi). Imposition of drought stress by withholding water from the soil for 9 days led to an accumulation of D‐ononitol (lD‐4‐ O ‐methyl‐ myo ‐inositol) which was most pronounced in leaves (from 33 to 88 umol g −1 dry mass). However, the activity of the enzyme myo‐inositol 6‐O ‐methyltransferase (m6OMT, EC 2.1.1.X), which catalyzes the synthesis of ononitol from myo ‐inositol and S ‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (AdoMet), increased in stems but not in leaves during the drought stress experiment. Detailed analysis of different plant parts revealed that the accumulation of ononitol in leaves was linearly related to stem m6OMT activity during drought stress, indicating that m6OMT may control the in vivo biosynthetic rate of this cyclitol. The availability of myo ‐inositol, required for enhanced rates of ononitol synthesis by m6OMT, increased during the stress experiment, while the capacity to synthezise AdoMet by S ‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine synthetase (SMS, EC 2.5.1.6) decreased. However, the high capacity for degradation of S ‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine (AdoHcy; a potent competitive inhibitor of m6OMT) by the enzyme S ‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine hydrolase (SHH, EC 3.3.1.1) provided favourable conditions for ononitol biosynthesis during the whole stress treatment.
Bioavailability of Doxycycline Monohydrate (1984)

Two derivatives of doxycycline, the monohydrate-free base and the hydrochloride salt were given orally to 12 volunteers in a crossover study. There was no difference in absorption and bioavailability between the two preparations. Secondary plasma peaks indicating reabsorption were noticed for both derivatives. Doxycycline monohydrate, proven to have a lower risk of inducing esophageal lesions, is a good alternative to the hydrochloride salt in oral treatment.
Reduction of amplified spontaneous emission noiseimpact on opticallyamplified systems in normal dispersion region of fibre (1997)

It is analytically shown that in a propagation regime with a low average normal dispersion, the interplay between the Kerr effect and chromatic dispersion can reduce the degradation due to ASE noise in NRZ optical systems. Such behaviour is confirmed by simulations in links with a chromatic dispersion, having both a constant and a sawtooth distribution.
Instruction scheduling for the Motorola 88110 (1993)

Static instruction scheduling is an important optimization to exploit instruction level parallelism. If the scheduler has to consider resource constraints to prevent structural hazards, usually the processor timing is simulated by overlaying binary matrices representing the resource usage of instructions. This technique is rather time consuming. It is shown that the timing can be simulated by a deterministic finite automaton and the matrix operations for a simulation step are replaced by two table lookups. A prototype implementation shows that about an eighteenfold speedup of the simulation can be expected. This performance gain can be used either to speed up existing scheduling algorithms or to use more complex algorithms to improve scheduling results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Absolute configuration of<i>R</i>p-uridine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphorothioate (1987)

Triethylammonium uridine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate crystallizes in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 7.177(1), b = 13.155(6), c = 21.114(7) A, C15H26N3O7PS, MW 423.4, Z = 4, dx = 1.41g/cm3. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods on the basis of 1493 counter X-ray diffraction data (CuK alpha) and refined to R = 5.1%. The configuration of the thiophosphate group is Rp; conformational parameters are: glycosyl torsion angle anti, -151.9(5) degrees, sugar pucker C(3')-endo with P = 27.3 degrees, vmax = 45.5 degrees, six-membered cycle in chair form. The bond distances in the non-esterified P-S and P-O suggest that the negative charge is distributed between the groups. As illustrated in this and other studies, P-O has a much higher affinity for hydrogen bonds than P-S, indicated here by interactions with triethyl-ammonium N-H and O(2')-H as donors. One additional hydrogen bond N(3)-H---0(4) ties the bases which form a ribbon-like structure. 0(2) and S are not engaged in hydrogen bonds. The triethylammonium ion is two-fold disordered.
Total Synthesis of Pinnatoxins A and G and Revision of the Mode of Action of Pinnatoxin A (2011)

Pinnatoxins belong to an emerging class of potent marine toxins of the cyclic imine group. Detailed studies of their biological effects have been impeded by unavailability of the complex natural product from natural sources. This work describes the development of a robust, scalable synthetic sequence relying on a convergent strategy that delivered a sufficient amount of the toxin for detailed biological studies and its commercialization for use by other research groups and regulatory agencies. A central transformation in the synthesis is the highly diastereoselective Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of a complex α,α-disubstituted allylic ester based on a unique mode for stereoselective enolization through a chirality match between the substrate and the lithium amide base. With synthetic pinnatoxin A, a detailed study has been performed that provides conclusive evidence for its mode of action as a potent inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors selective for the human neuronal α7 subtype. The comprehensive electrophysiological, biochemical, and computational studies support the view that the spiroimine subunit of pinnatoxins is critical for blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes, as evidenced by analyzing the effect of a synthetic analogue of pinnatoxin A containing an open form of the imine ring. Our studies have paved the way for the production of certified standards to be used for mass-spectrometric determination of these toxins in marine matrices and for the development of tests to detect these toxins in contaminated shellfish.
A tunable microwave slot antenna based on graphene (2015)

The paper presents the experimental and modeling results of a microwave slot antenna in a coplanar configuration based on graphene. The antennas are fabricated on a 4 in. high-resistivity Si wafer, with a ∼300 nm SiO2 layer grown through thermal oxidation. A CVD grown graphene layer is transferred on the SiO2. The paper shows that the reflection parameter of the antenna can be tuned by a DC voltage. 2D radiation patterns at various frequencies in the X band (8–12 GHz) are then presented using as antenna backside a microwave absorbent and a metalized surface. Although the radiation efficiency is lower than a metallic antenna, the graphene antenna is a wideband antenna while the metal antennas with the same geometry and working at the same frequencies are narrowband.