gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Solution to ESP Packer Penetrator Corrosion Problem (2020)

Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) are common artificial lift equipment for boosting well productions. One of the challenges faced with ESP applications is the ESP system reliability. High percentage of ESP failures resulted from problems of packer penetrators that locate beneath the ESP packers. These failures could be attributed to the corrosion of the power delivery systems by highly corrosive chemicals and harsh downhole conditions. A method is developed to generate a low density gel system that isolates the electric connector from downhole chemicals in order to provide prolonged protections of electric connectors against corrosive environments. Mixture of low-density polymeric materials can be pumped through the bypass tubing. The mixture has lower density than downhole fluids so that it travels upwards in the wellbore. Under high temperature in the well, a rigid gel system forms and isolates the electric connector from the hostile chemicals thus providing a better protection. The rigid low density gel system was tested in the lab scale. The tested fluid system comprises of colloidal particles and thermal plastic microspheres. The colloidal particles forms a rigid gel under elevated temperature while the thermal plastic microspheres act as light weight fillers. Gelation tests are conducted under different temperature and pressure conditions. The system has a lower density than crude oil and the gelation process can be controlled by chemical concentration. Sealing effects with the presence of crude oil are tested in rusty metal pipe to imitate casing material. A wellbore injection physical simulator was also setup to observe the flow dynamics and chemical reaction that could take place in the wellbore. The field trial test was performed after a through engineering design. Coiled tubing (CT) was selected as the optimum solution for intervention and placing the fluid system. Mixture of low-density materials and gelling agent were prepared on the surface and then pumped into the targeted section utilizing 2.0" coiled-tubing (CT) nozzles. Conventional bottomhole assembly was utilized to seal the tubing section and divert the fluid system to annulus.
Sensor-based organizational engineering (2009)

We propose the use of wearable and environmental sensors to capture and model social interactions in the workplace, combined with data mining techniques and social network analysis for organizational engineering applications. By combining behavioral sensor data with other sources of information such as text-mined documents, surveys, and performance data, it is possible to optimize organizations.
Isolation of a fetal antigen from human colonic tumors. (1969)

An antigen has been isolated from perchloric acid-soluble extracts of human colonic tumors which has also been found to be present in human fetal intestine. It has been established that this particular antigen is not present in normal adult colon or gastric mucosa, but that it is found in gastric tumors. The physicochemical characteristics of this antigen are described.
Circularly Polarized Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Antenna Array at Ka-Band (2008)

This contribution deals with the design, implementation, and test of a circularly polarized 3×3 antenna array at 30 GHz. The array elements are realized as open-ended substrate-integrated waveguides [SIW]. Focus of this paper is on the polarizer of the single antenna and on the realization of the array. Simulation as well as measurement data is presented and discussed.
Retrieval Analysis of Sequentially Annealed Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene Used in Total Hip Arthroplasty (2014)

The findings of this study document the oxidative and mechanical behavior of sequentially annealed HXLPE. The reduced oxidation levels in sequentially annealed liners support the hypothesis that annealing in sequential steps eliminates more free radicals. However, as a result of the short-term followup, analysis of longer-term retrievals is warranted.
Device Simulation for Evaluating Effects of Inplane Biaxial Mechanical Stress on n-Type Silicon Semiconductor Devices (2011)

This paper presents a practical method of drift-diffusion device simulation for evaluating the effects of mechanical stress on n-type silicon semiconductor devices. The device simulation incorporates an electron mobility model for considering the effects of stress. In this paper, we focus on stress effects that are induced by applying inplane biaxial stress to the devices. Therefore, two physical phenomena that are attributed to mechanical stress are modeled in the electron mobility model, i.e., the changes in relative population and the momentum relaxation time (intervalley scattering) of electrons in conduction-band valleys. Stress-induced variations of direct-current characteristics on n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) field-effect transistors are evaluated using a device simulation including the proposed electron mobility model. Then, the electron mobility model and the simulation method are verified by comparing with experimental results. It is demonstrated that experimental results can be reasonably estimated using this device simulation method. From discussions regarding the electron mobility model, it is suggested that the comprehensive stress sensitivity of MOS devices is larger than that of lightly doped silicon.
Improving stress effect and low noise design of the integrated on-panel TFT gate driver (2010)

In this paper, the reliable on-panel display gate driver is designed not only decreasing the fluctuation noise of the output signal, but also reducing the voltage stress effect of the dual pull-down transistors. The long-term high gate to source voltage causes the threshold voltage increased, and the fluctuation-noise on the output is coupled from the parasitical capacitance when the clock switches. Our work improved the stress effect of transistor of dual pull-down by reduced the controlled signal voltage and it maintained the anti-floating low noise structure. This gate driver was simulated by the Smart-SPICE level-35 for the α-Si TFT process model.
Topology of the membrane-bound alkane hydroxylase of Pseudomonas oleovorans. (1992)

The Pseudomonas oleovorans alkane hydroxylase is an integral cytoplasmic membrane protein that is expressed and active in both Escherichia coli and P. oleovorans. Its primary sequence contains eight hydrophobic stretches that could span the membrane as alpha-helices. The topology of alkane hydroxylase was studied in E. coli using protein fusions linking different amino-terminal fragments of the alkane hydroxylase (AlkB) to alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) and to beta-galactosidase (LacZ). Four AlkB-PhoA fusions were constructed using transposon TnphoA. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to create PstI sites at 12 positions in AlkB. These sites were used to create AlkB-PhoA and AlkB-LacZ fusions. With respect to alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase activity each set of AlkB-PhoA and AlkB-LacZ fusions revealed the expected complementary activities. At three positions, PhoA fusions were highly active, whereas the corresponding LacZ fusions were the least active. At all other positions the PhoA fusions were almost completely inactive, but the corresponding LacZ fusions were highly active. These data predict a model for alkane hydroxylase containing six transmembrane segments. In this model the amino terminus, two hydrophilic loops, and a large carboxyl-terminal domain are located in the cytoplasm. Only three very short loops near amino acid positions 52, 112, and 251 are exposed to the periplasm.
An HDTV video coder IC for ATV receivers (1997)

An HDTV video decoder IC for ATV receivers is presented. Its dual decoder architecture supports MPEG-2 MP@HL (62,668,800 display samples per second) and an SDRAM memory bandwidth of 6.5 gigabits per second.
Traffic Sign Recognition Using Kernel Extreme Learning Machines With Deep Perceptual Features (2016)

Traffic sign recognition plays an important role in autonomous vehicles as well as advanced driver assistance systems. Although various methods have been developed, it is still difficult for the state-of-the-art algorithms to obtain high recognition precision with low computational costs. In this paper, based on the investigation on the influence that color spaces have on the representation learning of convolutional neural network, a novel traffic sign recognition approach called DP-KELM is proposed by using a kernel-based extreme learning machine (KELM) classifier with deep perceptual features. Unlike the previous approaches, the representation learning process in DP-KELM is implemented in the perceptual Lab color space. Based on the learned deep perceptual feature, a kernel-based ELM classifier is trained with high computational efficiency and generalization performance. Through the experiments on the German traffic sign recognition benchmark, the proposed method is demonstrated to have higher precision than most of the state-of-the-art approaches. In particular, when compared with the hinge loss stochastic gradient descent method which has the highest precision, the proposed method can achieve a comparable recognition rate with significantly fewer computational costs.
CD62LnegCD38+ Expression on Circulating CD4+ T Cells Identifies Mucosally Differentiated Cells in Protein Fed Mice and in Human Celiac Disease Patients and Controls (2011)

By selecting for CD62L(neg)CD38(+) expression that comprises 5-10% of the cells within the total CD4(+) T-cell pool we are able to highly enrich for effector T cells with specificity for mucosal antigens. This is of pivotal importance for functional studies as this purification enhances the sensitivity of cytokine detection and cellular activation.
Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Mediates the Protective Effects of Physical Exercise against Brain Insults of Different Etiology and Anatomy (2001)

Physical exercise ameliorates age-related neuronal loss and is currently recommended as a therapeutical aid in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, evidence is still lacking to firmly establish whether exercise constitutes a practical neuroprotective strategy. We now show that exercise provides a remarkable protection against brain insults of different etiology and anatomy. Laboratory rodents were submitted to treadmill running (1 km/d) either before or after neurotoxin insult of the hippocampus (domoic acid) or the brainstem (3-acetylpyridine) or along progression of inherited neurodegeneration affecting the cerebellum (Purkinje cell degeneration). In all cases, animals show recovery of behavioral performance compared with sedentary ones, i.e., intact spatial memory in hippocampal-injured mice, and normal or near to normal motor coordination in brainstem- and cerebellum-damaged animals. Furthermore, exercise blocked neuronal impairment or loss in all types of injuries. Because circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), a potent neurotrophic hormone, mediates many of the effects of exercise on the brain, we determined whether neuroprotection by exercise is mediated by IGF-I. Indeed, subcutaneous administration of a blocking anti-IGF-I antibody to exercising animals to inhibit exercise-induced brain uptake of IGF-I abrogates the protective effects of exercise in all types of lesions; antibody-treated animals showed sedentary-like brain damage. These results indicate that exercise prevents and protects from brain damage through increased uptake of circulating IGF-I by the brain. The practice of physical exercise is thus strongly recommended as a preventive measure against neuronal demise. These findings also support the use of IGF-I as a therapeutical aid in brain diseases coursing with either acute or progressive neuronal death.
SDS capillary gel electrophoresis of proteins in microfabricated channels (1999)

Analysis of variations in the concentrations or structures of biomolecules (e.g., mRNAs, proteins, peptides, natural products) that occur either naturally or in response to environmental or genetic perturbations can provide important insight into complex biological processes. Many biological samples are mixtures that require a separation step before quantitation of variations in the individual components. Two-dimensional denaturing gel electrophoresis has been used very effectively to separate complex mixtures of proteins, but it is time consuming and requires considerable amounts of sample. Microchannel-based separations have proven very effective in rapidly separating small amounts of nucleic acids; more recently, isoelectric focusing of proteins also has been adapted to the microchannel format. Here, we describe microchannel-based SDS capillary gel electrophoresis of proteins and demonstrate the speed and high resolution it provides. This development is an important step toward the miniaturization and integration of multidimensional and array separation methods for complex protein mixtures.
Effects of lower dosage vitamin D receptor activator (calcitriol) on angiotensin II and inflammation in hemodialysis Patients (2012)

Objective To investigate the effects of lower dosage vitamin D receptor activator (calcitriol) on angiotensin Ⅱ and inflammation in hernodialysis patients.Methods 20 patients with end stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis had beentreated with calcitrid (0.25 μg/d) for 8 weeks.The systolic pressure (SBP),diastolic pressure (DBP) and plasma level of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ),high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were observed before and after 4 weeks (4W) and 8weeks(8W).Results SBP and Ang Ⅱ decreased significantly after 4W of the therapy(P＜0.05).Hs-CRP decreased signifieantly after 8W ( P ＜ 0.01 ).IL-6 decreased significantly after 4W and 8W ( P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Lower dosage vitamin D receptor activator (calcitfiol) has inhibition effect on blood pressure and angiotensin Ⅱ and has anti-inflammation effect in hemodialysis patients.

Key words: 
Vitamin D receptor activator;  Calcitriol;  Hemodialysis;  Inflammation; Angiotensin Ⅱ ;  High sensitive C-reactive protein;  Interleukin 6
Diagnostic timelines and delays in diagnosing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (2014)

The objective of this study was to characterize the diagnostic timelines and their predictors in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Patients were identified through ALS billing codes. Time from presenting symptom to first doctor visit, first doctor visit to suspected ALS diagnosis, suspected to confirmed ALS diagnosis, and presenting symptom to confirmed ALS diagnosis (total diagnostic time) were collected. Regression models were used to analyze the predictors of diagnostic delay. Three hundred and four ALS patients were included in the analysis. Median total diagnostic time was 11.5 months. Diagnostic timelines were longer in patients with age > 60 years (p < 0.001), sporadic ALS (p = 0.043), and limb onset (p = 0.010). The presence of fasciculations, slurred speech, and lower extremity weakness when symptoms were first noted were independent predictors of shorter time to ALS diagnosis (p = 0.04, p = 0.02, and p = 0.04, respectively). About half of the patients (52%) received an alternative diagnosis and each patient saw an average of three different physicians before ALS diagnosis was confirmed. In conclusion, diagnostic timelines in ALS are long, and patients see many physicians and receive multiple alternative diagnoses before the diagnosis of ALS is confirmed. Older age, sporadic disease, and limb onset can delay ALS diagnosis.
Low Hepatic Lipase Activity Is a Novel Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease (2001)

Our data show that low HL activity is associated with CAD. Therefore, HL might be useful for CAD risk estimation and might be a target for pharmacological intervention.
Merozoite Surface Protein 3 and Protection against Malaria in<i>Aotus nancymai</i>Monkeys (2002)

A blood-stage vaccine based on Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) was tested for efficacy in a primate model. Aotus nancymai monkeys were vaccinated with yeast-expressed MSP3 before a lethal challenge with Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Five of 7 control monkeys had acute infections and required treatment to control parasitemia. Only 1 of 7 monkeys vaccinated with MSP3 required this treatment. The efficacy of the MSP3 vaccination appeared to be comparable to that of MSP1(42), a leading asexual vaccine candidate, in response to which 2 monkeys experienced acute infections. In the MSP3-vaccinated group, protection correlated with prechallenge titers of antibody to MSP3. In the MSP1 and control groups, protection correlated with antibody to MSP3 raised by challenge infection.
Program Transformation for Proving Database Transaction Safety (2000)

In this thesis we propose the use of Dijkstra's concept of a predicate transformer [Dij75] for the determination of database transaction safety [SS89] and the generation of simple conditions to check that a transaction will not violate the integrity constraints in the case that it is not safe. The generation of this simple condition is something that can be done statically, thus providing a mechanism for generating safe transactions. Our approach treats a database as state, a database transaction as a program, and the database's integrity constraints as a postcondition in order to use a predicate transformer [Dij75] to generate a weakest precondition. We begin by introducing a set-oriented update language for relational databases for which a predicate transformer is then defined. Subsequently, we introduce a more powerful update language for deductive databases and define a new predicate transformer to deal with this language and the more powerful integrity constraints that can be expressed using recursive rules. Next we introduce a data model with object-oriented features including methods, inheritance and dynamic overriding. We then extend the predicate transformer to handle these new features. For each of the predicate transformers, we prove that they do indeed generate a weakest precondition for a transaction and the database integrity constraints. However, the weakest precondition generated by a predicate transformer still involves much redundant checking. For several general classes of integrity constraint, including referential integrity and functional dependencies, we prove that the weakest precondition can be substantially further simplified to avoid checking things we already know to be true under the assumption that the database currently satisfies its integrity con-straints. In addition, we propose the use of the predicate transformer in combination with meta-rules that capture the exact incremental change to the database of a particular transaction. This provides a more general approach to generating simple checks for enforcing transaction safety. We show that this approach is superior to known existing previous approaches to the problem of efficient integrity constraint checking and transaction safety for relational, deductive, and deductive object-oriented databases. Finally we demonstrate several further applications of the predicate transformer to the problems of schema constraints, dynamic integrity constraints, and determining the correctness of methods for view updates. We also show how to support transactions embedded in procedural languages such as C.
Stability of the Perforated Layer (PL) Phase in Diblock Copolymer Melts (1997)

We reexamine the stability of hexagonally modulated layer (HML) and hexagonally perforated layer (HPL) morphologies in a number of block copolymer systems of low to moderate molecular weight. Using small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, we show that these structures are long-lived nonequilibrium states which convert to the bicontinuous gyroid (G) morphology upon isothermal annealing. Comparison of phase transition kinetics across chemically distinct systems spanning a wide range of molecular weights and monomeric friction coefficients reveals a composition dependence to these dynamics. This suggests effects associated with the mobility of individual chains are of lesser importance in explaining the apparent metastability of the HML and HPL structures; instead, the composition dependence of the transition mechanism appears to dominate the observed behavior. The revised phase behavior for these materials is in excellent agreement with mean-field predictions for diblock copolymer melts.
Safety profile of asparaginase<i>Erwinia chrysanthemi</i>in a large compassionate‐use trial (2014)

This study further established the safety profile of asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi in patients with ALL or LBL who had a hypersensitivity reaction to an E. coli-derived asparaginase.
PSYCHE Pure Shift NMR Spectroscopy (2018)

Broadband homodecoupling techniques in NMR, also known as "pure shift" methods, aim to enhance spectral resolution by suppressing the effects of homonuclear coupling interactions to turn multiplet signals into singlets. Such techniques typically work by selecting a subset of "active" nuclear spins to observe, and selectively inverting the remaining, "passive", spins to reverse the effects of coupling. Pure Shift Yielded by Chirp Excitation (PSYCHE) is one such method; it is relatively recent, but has already been successfully implemented in a range of different NMR experiments. Paradoxically, PSYCHE is one of the trickiest of pure shift NMR techniques to understand but one of the easiest to use. Here we offer some insights into theoretical and practical aspects of the method, and into the effects and importance of the experimental parameters. Some recent improvements that enhance the spectral purity of PSYCHE spectra will be presented, and some experimental frameworks, including examples in 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, for the implementation of PSYCHE will be introduced.
Internalization of human immunodeficiency virus type I and other retroviruses by megakaryocytes and platelets (1990)

Direct infection of megakaryocytes and platelets by human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) or other retroviruses has not been demonstrated. To determine whether this could occur, murine bone marrow was co-cultivated with the amphotropic retrovirus-producing cell line PA317-N2, and freshly isolated normal human bone marrow and platelets were co-cultivated with HIV-infected H9 cells. In each case, ultrastructural analyses showed viruses within megakaryocytes and platelets. In murine specimens, the uptake of retrovirus was avid at all stages of differentiation. In human specimens, viral uptake was less frequent. These results suggest that direct infection of megakaryocytes could play a role in the pathophysiology of HIV-associated disease. In addition, these observations suggest that cells of the megakaryocyte lineage could serve as target cells in gene transfer experiments using retroviral-based vectors.