gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular detection assay of five Salmonella serotypes of public interest: Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Newport, Heidelberg, and Hadar (2016)

Foodborne illnesses due to Salmonella represent an important public-health concern worldwide. In the United States, a majority of Salmonella infections are associated with a small number of serotypes. Furthermore, some serotypes that are overrepresented among human disease are also associated with multi-drug resistance phenotypes. Rapid detection of serotypes of public-health concern might help reduce the burden of salmonellosis cases and limit exposure to multi-drug resistant Salmonella. We developed a two-step real-time PCR-based rapid method for the identification and detection of five Salmonella serotypes that are either overrepresented in human disease or frequently associated with multi-drug resistance, including serotypes Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Newport, Hadar, and Heidelberg. Two sets of four markers were developed to detect and differentiate the five serotypes. The first set of markers was developed as a screening step to detect the five serotypes; whereas, the second set was used to further distinguish serotypes Heidelberg, Newport and Hadar. The utilization of these markers on a two-step investigation strategy provides a diagnostic specificity of 97% for the detection of Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Infantis, Newport and Hadar. The diagnostic sensitivity of the detection makers is >96%. The availability of this two-step rapid method will facilitate specific detection of Salmonella serotypes that contribute to a significant proportion of human disease and carry antimicrobial resistance.
Correspondence matching with modal clusters (2003)

The modal correspondence method of Shapiro and Brady aims to match point-sets by comparing the eigenvectors of a pairwise point proximity matrix. Although elegant by means of its matrix representation, the method is notoriously susceptible to differences in the relational structure of the point-sets under consideration. In this paper, we demonstrate how the method can be rendered robust to structural differences by adopting a hierarchical approach. To do this, we place the modal matching problem in a probabilistic setting in which the correspondences between pairwise clusters can be used to constrain the individual point correspondences. We demonstrate the utility of the method on a number of synthetic and real-world point-pattern matching problems.
Is this conversation on track? (2001)

Confidence annotation allows a spoken dialog system to accurately assess the likelihood of misunderstanding at the utterance level and to avoid breakdowns in interaction. We describe experiments that assess the utility of features from the decoder, parser and dialog levels of processing. We also investigate the effectiveness of various classifiers, including Bayesian Networks, Neural Networks, SVMs, Decision Trees, AdaBoost and Naive Bayes, to combine this information into an utterancelevel confidence metric. We found that a combination of a subset of the features considered produced promising results with several of the classification algorithms considered, e.g., our Bayesian Network classifier produced a 45.7% relative reduction in confidence assessment error and a 29.6% reduction relative to a handcrafted rule.
Watermark Estimation through Detector Observations (1998)

A Watermark is a perceptually unobtrusive signal embedded in an image, an audio or video clip, or any other multimedia asset. Its purpose is to be a label which is holographically attached to the content. Moreover, it can only be removed by malicious and deliberate attacks (without a great loss of content quality) if some secret parameter K is known. In contrast, a waterman should be readily detectable by electronic means. This implies that electronic watermark detection is only feasible if the watermark detector is aware of the secret K. In many watermarking business scenarios the watermark detector will be available to the public as a black box D. The following question is therefore justified: Can the secret K be deduced from the operation of the a black box D? An if yes, what is the complexity of this process? In this paper we will address this issue for the watermarking method Patchwork.
Investigation of DGD and delay-line interferometer phase tolerance of integrated receiver module for 86 Gb/s NRZ-DQPSK modulation (2009)

We investigate the performance of a free-space DLI integrated receiver for 43 Gbaud/s NRZ-DQPSK. The DGD tolerance (1dB penalty) is quantified at 47% of the baudrate, and the DLI phase tolerance (1dB penalty) at±5°, far exceeding the PDFS.
Continuous wavelet transform of 1-D signals by Fourier filtering. (1992)

A true continuous wavelet transform (CWT) must be continuous in both shift and scale. By a continuous anamorphic transformation of a one-dimensional (1D) signal and a suitable choice of kernel or filter, we can allow a normal two-dimensional (2D) optical Fourier transform image processor to perform a CWT.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A highly resilient and power saving cut-through-routing node based on multi-standby state power saving transponders (2012)

We propose a power management scheme in cut-through-routing node, based on dynamic standby state control of transponders. We demonstrate the simultaneous feasibility of fast transponder recovery and of 59 % power consumption reduction.
Facile Fabrication of Hierarchically Structured Silica Coatings from Hierarchically Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Their Excellent Superhydrophilicity and Superhydrophobicity (2010)

Silica coatings with hierarchical structures were prepared on glass substrates via layer-by-layer assembly using hierarchically mesoporous silica nanoparticles as building block. These coatings demonstrated excellent superhydrophilic properties. After hydrophobic modification, the obtained coatings exhibited hydrophobic properties in the measurements of water contact angles by employing contact-mode and drip-mode, respectively. Water droplet of large volume (15 muL) had a smaller sliding angle than that of small volume (3 muL) when using the contact-mode due to the role of gravity despite the existence of large adhesive force between water droplet and the coating surface, while very small sliding angles were noted when using the drip-mode because of the existence of kinetic energy. The transmittance of fabricated coatings was enhanced and reduced, respectively, in the long and short wavelength ranges as compared with blank slide glass.
Poly anhydride nanoparticles as adjuvants for mucosal vaccination (2010)

In the last years, many efforts have been directed toward the enhancement of vaccine delivery by using polymeric nanoparticles as adjuvants for mucosal immunization. However, conventional nanoparticles usually display a low capability to target specific sites within the gut and, thus, the elicited immune responses are not as high as necessary to offer the adequate protection to the host. To overcome these drawbacks, one possible strategy can be the association of nanoparticles with compounds involved in the colonization process of microorganisms. In this biomimetic context, two different examples are shown. In both cases, poly(anhydride) nanoparticles were coated with either flagellin from Salmonella Enteritidis or mannosamine. When administered by the oral route both types of ligand-coated nanoparticles induced stronger and more balanced serum titers of IgG2a and IgG1 than control nanoparticles which induced a typical Th2 response. This Th1 response enhancement may be related to the high tropism of both flagellin- and mannosylated-nanoparticles to the ileum and uptake by Peyer's patches rich in antigen presenting cells.
Review: <i>Stanislaus: The Struggle for a River</i>, by Tim Palmer (1983)

Book Review| July 01 1983 Review: Stanislaus: The Struggle for a River, by Tim Palmer Stanislaus: The Struggle for a RiverTim Palmer W. Turrentine Jackson W. Turrentine Jackson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar California History (1983) 62 (2): 143–144. https://doi.org/10.2307/25158156 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation W. Turrentine Jackson; Review: Stanislaus: The Struggle for a River, by Tim Palmer. California History 1 July 1983; 62 (2): 143–144. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/25158156 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCalifornia History Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1983 CHS Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Nocardiopsis, a New Genus of the Order Actinomycetales (1976)

On the basis of morphological and biochemical criteria, Actinomadura dassonvillei (Brocq-Rousseu) Lechevalier and Lechevalier, the former Nocardia dassonvillei (Brocq-Rousseu) Liegard and Landrieu, is removed from the genus Actinomadura Lechevalier and Lechevalier to a new genus, Nocardiopsis. It is proposed that this new genus harbors aerobic actinomycetes with a nocardioform substrate mycelium, an aerial mycelium, and a cell wall containing meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid but not madurose or other diagnostically important carbohydrates. The type species is Nocardiopsis dassonvillei (Brocq-Rousseu) comb, nov., for which strain IMRU 509 (= ATCC 23218) is designated as the neotype. An outline of the characters which differentiate the new genus from the genera Nocardia, Actinomadura, and Streptomyces is given.
The Effects of Antidepressant Treatment in Prenatally Stressed Rats Support the Glutamatergic Hypothesis of Stress-Related Disorders (2014)

Abnormalities of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus represent an integral part of the altered programming triggered by early life stress, which enhances the vulnerability to stress-related disorders in the adult life. Rats exposed to prenatal restraint stress (PRS) develop enduring biochemical and behavioral changes characteristic of an anxious/depressive-like phenotype. Most neurochemical abnormalities in PRS rats are found in the ventral hippocampus, a region that encodes memories related to stress and emotions. We have recently demonstrated a causal link between the reduction of glutamate release in the ventral hippocampus and anxiety-like behavior in PRS rats. To confer pharmacological validity to the glutamatergic hypothesis of stress-related disorders, we examined whether chronic treatment with two antidepressants with different mechanisms of action could correct the defect in glutamate release and associated behavioral abnormalities in PRS rats. Adult unstressed or PRS rats were treated daily with either agomelatine (40 mg/kg, i.p.) or fluoxetine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 21 d. Both treatments reversed the reduction in depolarization-evoked glutamate release and in the expression of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins in the ventral hippocampus of PRS rats. Antidepressant treatment also corrected abnormalities in anxiety-/depression-like behavior and social memory performance in PRS rats. The effect on glutamate release was strongly correlated with the improvement of anxiety-like behavior and social memory. These data offer the pharmacological demonstration that glutamatergic hypofunction in the ventral hippocampus lies at the core of the pathological phenotype caused by early life stress and represents an attractive pharmacological target for novel therapeutic strategies.
The effect of passivation thickness on the electromigration lifetime of Al/Cu thin film conductors (1983)

Although it has become common practice to cover thin film conductors with tough passivation layers, the reliability of the underlying conductor has not been well established. Most investigators have observed an increase in lifetime for stripes covered with glass as compared to uncovered stripes, but have disagreed as to the extent and the cause of this effect. A research program was undertaken in which the electromigration lifetime of Al/Cu conductors was studied as a function of passivation thickness. Stripes covered with 1.5 μm of glass lasted longer than those which were not covered. A further increase in lifetime was found for samples with thicker glass, but a change in failure mode was also observed. All uncovered stripes and all stripes covered with thin glass failed by open circuit, whereas those with thick glass failed by short circuit, as well. Electromigration-induced compressive stresses are believed to be responsible for these observations.
INTEGRATED AVIONICS SUITES SHOWCASE NEW PILOT INTERFACE CONCEPTS (2002)

SUBTITLE: NEWEST HONEYWELL AND ROCKWELL COLLINS SYSTEMS BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN COCKPITS AND COMPUTERS.
p21 contains independent binding sites for cyclin and cdk2: both sites are required to inhibit cdk2 kinase activity. (1996)

Cyclin dependent kinases regulate the progression of eukaryotic cells through the cell cycle. p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1 is an inhibitor of cdk-cyclin kinase activity, and has been shown to form complexes with cdk-cyclins and with PCNA, an accessory protein of DNA polymerase delta. The kinase inhibitory domain maps to the N-terminus (1-82) and contains the cdk2 binding site (28-82). We have generated a panel of deletion mutants of p21. A functional characterization of p21 mutants in the N-terminal domain reveals that cyclins bind to this domain independently of cdk2. Correlating with these results we find that p21 can associate with cyclin-cdk kinases in two functionally distinct forms, one in which the kinase activity is inhibited and the other in which the kinase is still active. The cdk2 and cyclin binding sites on p21 are both required to inhibit kinase activity. The second type of interaction, in which an active cyclin-cdk complex only interacts with p21 either via the cyclin or the cdk2 binding site but not through both, does not lead to inhibition of cyclin kinase activity. These results thus provide a basis for understanding the mechanism by which p21, and perhaps other cdk-cyclin kinase inhibitory proteins, suppress kinase activity.
The absorption spectra of benzene derivatives in the vacuum ultra-violet. I (1947)

Abstract New photographs of the far ultra-violet spectrum of benzene are presented. The absorption from 2000 to 1800A (λmax, c. 1980A) is regarded not as a part of the much stronger absorp­tion of peak at 1790A but as due to a separate transition. Sharp bands lying at 1790A represent the first member of a previously reported Rydberg series. The spectra of toluene, xylene, monochloro-and o-dichlorobenzene, bromobenzene, iodoben-zene and pyridine are briefly described, and the shifts relative to benzene are discussed. Two Rydberg series were observed for toluene, converging to a first ionization potential of 8.77 ± 0.05 V.
Galectin-3 Augments K-Ras Activation and Triggers a Ras Signal That Attenuates ERK but Not Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Activity (2004)

Depending on the cellular context, Ras can activate characteristic effectors by mechanisms still poorly understood. Promotion by galectin-1 of Ras activation of Raf-1 but not of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) is one such mechanism. In this report, we describe a mechanism controlling selectivity of K-Ras4B (K-Ras), the most important Ras oncoprotein. We show that galectin-3 acts as a selective binding partner of activated K-Ras. Galectin-3 co-immunoprecipitated significantly better with K-Ras-GTP than with K-Ras-GDP, H-Ras, or N-Ras and colocalized with green fluorescent protein-K-Ras(G12V), not with green fluorescent protein-H-Ras(G12V), in the cell membrane. Co-transfectants of K-Ras/galectin-3, but not of H-Ras/galectin-3, exhibited enhanced and prolonged epidermal growth factor-stimulated increases in Ras-GTP, Raf-1 activity, and PI3-K activity. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity, however, was attenuated in K-Ras/galectin-3 and in K-Ras(G12V)/galectin-3 co-transfectants. Galectin-3 antisense RNA inhibited the epidermal growth factor-stimulated increase in K-Ras-GTP but enhanced ERK activation and augmented K-Ras(G12V) transformation activity. Thus, unlike galectin-1, which prolongs Ras activation of ERK and inhibits PI3-K, K-Ras-GTP/galectin-3 interactions promote, in addition to PI3-K and Raf-1 activation, a third inhibitory signal that attenuates active ERK. These experiments established a novel and specific mechanism controlling the duration and selectivity of signals of active K-Ras, which is extremely important in many human tumors.
What are dwarf galaxies (1990)

With the advent of very sensitive CCD cameras and the computer analysis of astronomical images, more and more of the previously rare dwarf galaxies are being found. It may be that they play a more fundamental role in cosmology than was previously thought.
Auger recombination in silicon at <i>l</i> <i>o</i> <i>w</i> carrier densities (1986)

We have discovered a simple chemical preparation method for silicon which virtually eliminates surface recombination. This has enabled us to rapidly survey wafers from many different boules in order to identify those in which bulk (defect assisted) Shockley–Read–Hall recombination happens to be unusually low. Thus, having minimized the two major sources of electron-hole recombination, we find that Auger recombination becomes dominant, even at carrier densities as low as 3×1015/cm3. The Auger coefficient we observe is significantly larger than the value extrapolated down from high density.
Learning Path Recommender System based on Recurrent Neural Network (2018)

Programming education has recently received increased attention due to growing demands for programming and information technology skills. However, a lack of teaching materials and human resources presents a major challenge to meeting the growing demand for programming education. One way to compensate for a shortage of trained teachers is to use machine learning techniques to assist learners. Therefore, we propose a learning path recommendation system based on a learner's ability charts by means of a recurrent neural network. In brief, a learning path is constructed from a learner's submission history with a trial-and-error process, and the learner's ability chart is used as a barometer of their current knowledge. In this paper, an approach for constructing a learning path recommendation system by using ability charts and its implementation based on a sequential prediction model by a recurrent neural network, are presented. Experimental evaluation with data from an e-learning system is also provided.
Reductive Side of Water Splitting in Artificial Photosynthesis: New Homogeneous Photosystems of Great Activity and Mechanistic Insight (2010)

Rhodamine photosensitizers (PSs) substituting S or Se for O in the xanthene ring give turnover numbers (TONs) as high as 9000 for the generation of hydrogen via the reduction of water using [Co(III)(dmgH)(2)(py)Cl] (where dmgH = dimethylglyoximate and py = pyridine) as the catalyst and triethanolamine as the sacrificial electron donor. The turnover frequencies were 0, 1700, and 5500 mol H(2)/mol PS/h for O, S, and Se derivatives, respectively (Φ(H(2)) = 0%, 12.2%, and 32.8%, respectively), which correlates well with relative triplet yields estimated from quantum yields for singlet oxygen generation. Phosphorescence from the excited PS was quenched by the sacrificial electron donor. Fluorescence lifetimes were similar for the O- and S-containing rhodamines (∼2.6 ns) and shorter for the Se analog (∼0.1 ns). These data suggest a reaction pathway involving reductive quenching of the triplet excited state of the PS giving the reduced PS(-) that then transfers an electron to the Co catalyst. The longer-lived triplet state is necessary for effective bimolecular electron transfer. While the cobalt/rhodamine/triethanolamine system gives unprecedented yields of hydrogen for the photoreduction of water, mechanistic insights regarding the overall reaction pathway as well as system degradation offer significant guidance to developing even more stable and efficient photocatalytic systems.
Principles and limitations of NMR diffusion measurements (2007)

Diffusion spectroscopy, imaging and particularly diffusion tensor imaging have become popular thanks to their numerous clinical and research applications which span from brain stroke evaluation to fiber tracking. With a few exceptions, these methods are rooted in the classic Stejskal-Tanner formula for the diffusion-attenuated signal, usually obtained by solving the Bloch-Torrey partial differential equations. Here we derive the Stejskal-Tanner formula in the simplest possible manner, avoiding integrals and differential equations. This approach makes it easy to understand the origin of the diffusion signal attenuation, the effects of various diffusion sequence parameters, and also the numerous important pitfalls, which are discussed in the last section.
Rediscovery of the Elements: Columbium and Tantalum (2013)

Article describing the discovery of columbium and tantalum. Tourist information regarding locations significant to these discoveries are included.
<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Ribotype 027, Toxinotype III, the Netherlands (2006)

Outbreaks due to Clostridium difficile polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotype 027, toxinotype III, were detected in 7 hospitals in the Netherlands from April 2005 to February 2006. One hospital experienced at the same time a second outbreak due to a toxin A-negative C. difficile PCR ribotype 017 toxinotype VIII strain. The outbreaks are difficult to control.
General Theory of Aerodynamic Instability and the Mechanism of Flutter (1934)

The aerodynamic forces on an oscillating airfoil or airfoil-aileron combination of three independent degrees of freedom were determined. The problem resolves itself into the solution of certain definite integrals, which were identified as Bessel functions of the first and second kind, and of zero and first order. The theory, based on potential flow and the Kutta condition, is fundamentally equivalent to the conventional wing section theory relating to the steady case. The air forces being known, the mechanism of aerodynamic instability was analyzed. An exact solution, involving potential flow and the adoption of the Kutta condition, was derived. The solution is of a simple form and is expressed by means of an auxiliary parameter k. The flutter velocity, treated as the unknown quantity, was determined as a function of a certain ratio of the frequencies in the separate degrees of freedom for any magnitudes and combinations of the airfoil-aileron parameters.
Cardiac micropotentials reached from one systole as non-dipolar residue by singular value decomposition. (1993)

Cardiac micropotentials are considered to have a predictive value in critical ventricular tachycardia or sudden death. These micropotentials are obtained by numeric filtration of the result of sequential averaging of about 200 systoles (i.e. of measurement at about 3 min interval) which is significantly influenced by known intraindividual ECG variability. It follows from our previous studies that the non-dipolar residue (i.e. the sum of all components of an equivalent source of the heart electrical field with the exception of the first three dominant dipolar components) corresponds by its nature to the cardiac micropotentials, i.e. to late potentials. Verification of this hypothesis utilizing singular value decomposition and replacing the sequential averaging by "surface" averaging of the matrix of synchronously measured ECGs is the aim of this project. The results of the present study can be considered as a confirmation of this hypothesis. These results provide a better understanding of the structure of the body surface potential distribution and for clinical purposes they make it possible to attain cardiac micropotentials (late potentials) from one systole.