gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and mechanical properties of polybutadiene‐containing polyurethanes (1981)

Abstract A series of segmented polyurethanes based on hydroxylterminated polybutadienes (HTPBD) and their hydrogenated derivatives (HYPBD) has been synthesized. Thermal, mechanical, and spectroscopic studies were carried out over a wide temperature range to elucidate the structure‐property relationships existing in these polymers. Both thermal and dynamic mechanical response showed a soft segment T g at −74°C for the unsaturated polyurethanes and at −69°C for the hydrogenated samples. In addition, two hard segment transitions are observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at 40 and 75°C and a softening region by thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) at 190°C. The low T g , very close to that of the free HTPBD and HYPBD and independent of hard segment content, indicated that these polymers were well phase separated. Results of infrared analysis revealed that at room temperature, 90‐95 percent of the urethane N‐H groups formed hydrogen bonds. Since hydrogen bonding resides only within the hard segment domain in these butadiene‐containing polyurethanes the extent of H‐bonding served as additional evidence for nearly complete phase segregation. From dynamic mechanical studies, the plateau modulus above the soft segment T g and stress‐strain behavior depended upon the concentration of hard segments. A slight increase in the modulus, a moderate increase in stress (σ b ), and decrease in elongation accompanied a higher hard segment content. The thermal and mechanical response of these polyurethanes appears to be consistent with behavior observed for other phase segregated systems. Variations in behavior resulting from hydrogenation of the precursor prepolymer are discussed.
Vagal afferent responses to fatty acids of different chain length in the rat (2001)

The role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the effect of dietary lipid on proximal gastrointestinal function and satiety is controversial. Recent work suggests that fatty acid chain length may be a determining factor. We investigated the mechanism by which long- and short-chain fatty acids activate jejunal afferent nerves in rats. Whole mesenteric afferent nerve discharge was recorded in anaesthetized male Wistar rats during luminal perfusion of saline, sodium oleate, and sodium butyrate (both 10 mM). Both fatty acids evoked characteristic afferent nerve responses, distinct from the mechanical response to saline, that were abolished in rats following chronic subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. The effect of oleate was abolished by the CCK-A receptor antagonist Devazepide (0.5 mg/kg), whereas the effect of butyrate persisted despite pretreatment with either Devazepide or a combination of the calcium channel inhibitors nifedipine (1 mg/kg) and the omega-conotoxins GVIA and SVIB (each 25 microg/kg). In summary, long- and short-chain fatty acids activate intestinal vagal afferents by different mechanisms; oleate acts via a CCK-mediated mechanism and butyrate appears to have a direct effect on afferent terminals.
The Inflammatory Properties of Contained and Noncontained Lumbar Disc Herniation (1997)

The results support the theory that inflammatory mechanisms are involved in sciatica because of lumbar disc herniation and indicate that the different types of disc herniation have different inflammatory properties.
Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Trial Design (2019)

Clinical trials consume the latter half of the 10 to 15 year, 1.5-2.0 billion USD, development cycle for bringing a single new drug to market. Hence, a failed trial sinks not only the investment into the trial itself but also the preclinical development costs, rendering the loss per failed clinical trial at 800 million to 1.4 billion USD. Suboptimal patient cohort selection and recruiting techniques, paired with the inability to monitor patients effectively during trials, are two of the main causes for high trial failure rates: only one of 10 compounds entering a clinical trial reaches the market. We explain how recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to reshape key steps of clinical trial design towards increasing trial success rates.
Multiplexed transcriptome discovery of RNA binding protein binding sites by antibody-barcode eCLIP (2022)

Abstract UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) methodologies enable the identification of RNA binding sites of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Despite improvements in the library preparation of RNA fragments, the current enhanced CLIP (eCLIP) protocol requires 4 days of hands-on time and lacks the ability to process many RBPs in parallel. We present a new method termed antibody-barcode eCLIP (ABC) that utilizes DNA-barcoded antibodies and proximity ligation of the DNA oligonucleotides to RBP-protected RNA fragments to interrogate multiple RBPs simultaneously. We observe performance comparable to eCLIP with the advantage of a reduced hands-on time of 2 days and dramatically increased scaling while minimizing sample-to-sample variation and maintaining the same material requirement of a single eCLIP experiment.
Existing situation & problems surrounding clinical oncology in Bangladesh. (2002)

Over all Government health infrastructure for health care delivery in Bangladesh is very good, though current scenario in relation to the Clinical Oncology in Bangladesh administered by a National Council for cancer control is inadequate. And the facilities for creating cancer awareness, screening, diagnosis, and treatment (i.e. multidisciplinary approach, radiation treatment facilities, availability of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, palliative care facilities are not sufficient enough to meet the need of cancer afflicted patients. Most of the patients present themselves in an very advanced stage due to illiteracy, ignorance, lack of cancer awareness, religious prejudice, cheaper and easy availability of non traditional i.e. quackery treatment, inadequate diagnostic facilities to most of the cancer centers, and low socioeconomic status. Top ranking malignancies in male are: Bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoma of the oropharynx, esophagus, oral cavity, stomach, hypopharynx, carcinoma of unknown primary sites (CUP), lymphoma and carcinoma of the liver. Top ranking malignancies in female are: Carcinoma of the cervix, breast, esophagus, bronchus, oropharynx, ovary, larynx, stomach, oral cavity, & hypopharynx. Irrespective of sex, the top ranking malignancies are: carcinoma of the bronchus, esophagus, oropharynx, cervix, & larynx. Head neck cancers comprise about more than one third of all malignancies, which is more significant findings in our country. Early detection and prevention of cancer deserves a serious thought and urgent attention especially for developing country like ours, where cost benefit analysis is the predominant factor.
Distributional Semantics Resources for Biomedical Text Processing (2013)

Dear LBM symposium participant, It is a great pleasure to welcome you to the fifth symposium on languages in biology and medicine (LBM 2013) and introduce these proceedings LBM is a biennial interdisciplinary forum that brings together researchers in biology, chemistry, medicine, public health and informatics to discuss and exploit cutting edge language technologies.Language, in its many forms, is the universal means to represent, convey, and question knowledge.Although knowledge is still widely communicated through natural languages, biology and medicine also use a number of other means of communication: sequences, ontologies, chemical and mathematical formulae, modelling languages, graphs, images, etc. Associated technologies such as text mining and information extraction, systems modelling, information visualization, semantic technology, and big data analytics are key for advancing biomedical research and healthcare provision.The automation and integration of all these solutions will enhance the access to the knowledge stored and conveyed in various representation, extending the opportunity of new knowledge discovery in the area.As all the individual technologies are constantly being challenged by user demands and complexities in an interdisciplinary research environment, the LBM symposium series aims to offer a forum for synergistic interactions between them.
Activated platelets promote an osteogenic programme and the progression of calcific aortic valve stenosis (2018)

These findings suggest a novel role for platelets in the progression of CAVS.
Evaluation of a Capture Screening Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Combined Determination of Immunoglobulin M and G Antibodies Produced during Dengue Infection (2000)

A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (PanBio Dengue Screening ELISA) that utilized both immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG capture in the same microtiter well for the diagnosis of dengue infection was evaluated. Sensitivity in primary and secondary dengue was 95%, while specificity was 94%.
Advanced RFC technology with new cathode structure of field limiting rings for High Voltage planar diode (2010)

The edge of the active area and termination structure have a decisive influence on the recovery safety operating area (SOA) of High Voltage (HV) freewheeling diodes (FWDs). We have investigated the HV planar anode diode that breaks the triangle trade-off limitations between the overall loss, the reverse recovery softness and the recovery SOA. Our results show the destruction phenomena during the recovery operation for HV diodes originate in the local heating caused by high electric field and high current density at the end of the active area. Therefore, a newly developed HV diode based on the Relaxed Field of Cathode (RFC) technology achieves high total performance by adopting a new cathode structure of the field limiting rings region. The new diode offers low overall loss combined with a high recovery SOA and superior snap-off capability. The proposed new diode structure demonstrates a clear triangle trade-off breakthrough between the overall loss, the reverse softness and the recovery SOA of the HV diode.
[Relationship between IUD and menstrual blood loss]. (1988)

In light of a previous study of regular menstrual blood loss (MBL) of healthy Tianjin women, measurements of MBL and serum ferritin in 86 cases before and after the 1st, 6th, and 12th cycles of IUD insertion were undertaken in order to study the effect of different IUDs on MBL and serum ferritin levels. The study showed that measurements differed significantly between the Mahua ring and the TCu 220C as a group and the LNG IUD. The average MBL of the former group showed a 77% increase to 94.7 ml while the latter had a decrease of 7% to 51.8 ml. The cases of serum ferritin were or= 14 ng at the 12th cycle increased to 48.1% in the former while decreasing to 11.1% in the latter in the 6th cycle. The cases of Hb 11g/dl increased to 40.7% in the former in the 12th cycle and the latter returned to normal or exceeded preinsertion levels in the 6th cycle. It was suggested that measurement of serum ferritin should be taken at the 6th cycle for women who used the Mahua and TCu 220C IUDs. However, if the results indicated that a user's serum ferritin was or= 14 ng/ml, her diet should be supplemented with protein and iron remedies to improve the ferrum level balance. For those with heavy MBL, a shift to the LNG IUD might be in order. Due to the limited number of cases and cycles for LNG users, further studies are warranted in the future. (author's modified)
RNA Interference as a Method for Target-Site Screening in the Western Corn Rootworm,<i>Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera</i> (2010)

To test the efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi) as a method for target-site screening in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae, genes were identified and tested for which clear RNAi phenotypes had been identified in the Coleopteran model, Tribolium castaneum. Here the cloning of the D. v. vergifera orthologs of laccase 2 (DvvLac2) and chitin synthase 2 (DvvCHS2) is reported. Injection of DvvLac2-specific double-stranded RNA resulted in prevention of post-molt cuticular tanning, while injection of DvvCHS2-specific dsRNA reduced chitin levels in midguts. Silencing of both DvvLac2 and DvvCHS2 was confirmed by RT-PCR and quantitative RT-PCR. As in T. castaneum, RNAi-mediated gene silencing is systemic in Diabrotica. The results indicate that RNAi-induced silencing of D. v. vergifera genes provides a powerful tool for identifying potential insecticide targets.
Learning leadership through the school library (2011)

Leadership is one of the core challenges school librarians face in terms of clarifying their role within schools. Often the type of leadership school librarians can offer to enhance learning within the community is not clearly defined nor understood by colleagues or the school's administrative leaders. As a result, many school libraries remain on the periphery of learning within the school community. This opinion paper will focus on key elements school librarians need to consider in building more collaborative, connected and sustained roles in leading learning within school communities.
Time-Dependent Behaviour of a Force-Sensitive Resistor Plantar Pressure Measurement Insole (1996)

Thin pressure-measuring insoles have enabled new clinical studies of in-shoe distribution of plantar pressure. One of these new devices, based on force-sensitive resistor (FSR) technology, exhibits time-varying behaviour due to the mechanical properties of the sensor materials. This has been variously attributed to initial bedding in, wear or time-dependency behaviour. Cyclic and sustained loading were used in laboratory conditions to investigate this phenomenon. The results show that the sensitivity of the sensor varies rapidly over the first minute of loading. There is also a slower long-term effect which reduces over time. From this information, procedures for optimal calibration and use are suggested.
Microbial catabolism of vanillate: decarboxylation to guaiacol (1978)

A novel catabolic transformation of vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) by microorganisms is reported. Several strains of Bacillus megaterium and a strain of Streptomyces are shown to convert vanillate to guaiacol (o-methoxyphenol) and CO2 by nonoxidative decarboxylation. Use of a modified most-probable-number procedure shows that numerous soils contain countable numbers (10(1) to 10(2) organisms per g of dry soil) of aerobic sporeformers able to convert vanillate to guaiacol. Conversion of vanillate to guaiacol by the microfloras of most-probable-number replicates was used as the criterion for scoring replicates positive or negative. Guaiacol was detected by thin-layer chromatography. These results indicate that the classic separations of catabolic pathways leading to specific ring-fashion substrates such as protocatechuate and catechol are often interconnectable by single enzymatic transformations, usually a decarboxylation.
[Clinical and laboratory studies of cholinergic urticaria]. (1997)

The clinical and laboratory study of 80 patients (75 males, 5 females) with cholinergic urticaria (CHU), treated from 1971 to 1996 is presented. The mean age at CHU occurrence was 22.3 years (10-50). The disease lasted at the time of examination from 3 months to 14 years, on an average 2 years and 11 months. Among 30 studied patients, the disease ceased after 1-3 in 5 patients, and it lasted from 3 to 24 years, on an average 9 years, in the remaining 25 patients. Exercise-induced anaphylaxis occurred in 8 patients and simultaneously cold urticaria occurred in 7 patients. The increase of histamine level in blood, following the exercise and/or heat test was found in 12 examined patients. The higher increase was noticed after the exercise, than after the heat test, which was well correlated with the severity of clinical features and the duration of skin manifestations. Repeated heat and/or cold test, performed at the same day, showed the weaker or no reaction at all. The role of the sweat, acetylcholine and histamine in CHU occurrence was discussed.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Decomposition of Chlorous Acid (2003)

The kinetics of decomposition of aqueous chlorous acid has been reinvestigated at pH 0.7−1.9, ionic strength 1.0 M (HSO4-/SO42-), and temperature 25.0 ± 0.1 °C. Optical absorbances were collected in the 240−450 nm wavelength range for up to ∼90% decomposition for time series lasting as long as 2 days. The number of absorbing species was investigated by matrix rank analysis; no absorbing intermediate was formed in significant concentration during the decomposition. Of the many mechanistic models tested, the one that fit best included the following reactive intermediates: HOCl, Cl2O2, Cl2O3, •ClO, •OH. The stoichiometric ratio of ClO2 produced to Cl(III) consumed varies with pH and [Cl-]. Reaction of Cl2O3 with Cl(III) yields chlorate exclusively. Reaction of Cl2O3 with Cl- favors ClO2 over chlorate, but does not entirely exclude chlorate, because it is produced by hydrolysis of Cl2O2. Invoking Cl2O3 explains the variation in stoichiometric ratio as well as the maximum observed in the initial rate of ClO2 formation as a function of pH. The kinetics of chlorous acid decomposition cannot be quantitatively fit through the last stages of the reaction without postulating a first-order decomposition. Scission of chlorous acid to give short-lived hydroxyl and chlorine(II) monoxide is a plausible route for this process. A set of best-fit and literature-derived parameters is presented for the complete mechanism.
Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Display (2005)

An excellent performance of carbon nanotubes as field-emitters was demonstrated using a high-voltage FED (field emission display) elements at SID (Society for Information Display) in 1998, where a light-source tube for an outdoor large-size display and diode-type flat panel were presented with a screen-printed nanotube cathode [1]. The diode FED-panel image was presented by Samsung at SID in 1999 [2]. After that, a triode structure that describes an x-y addressable high-luminance FED panel was introduced at IDRC (International Display Research Conference) in 1999. The experimental panel gave approximately 7×10 5 cd/m 2 of green light at 6 kV, at approximately 1 mA/cm 2 d.c.-driving condition
Musical monsoons (2012)

Charlotte Baker discusses the importance of music for child development and provides you with some fun, not to mention noisy, activities!
An architecture for recycling intermediates in a column-store (2010)

Automatic recycling of intermediate results to improve both query response time and throughput is a grand challenge for state-of-the-art databases. Tuples are loaded and streamed through a tuple-at-a-time processing pipeline, avoiding materialization of intermediates as much as possible. This limits the opportunities for reuse of overlapping computations to DBA-defined materialized views and function/result cache tuning. In contrast, the operator-at-a-time execution paradigm produces fully materialized results in each step of the query plan. To avoid resource contention, these intermediates are evicted as soon as possible. In this article we study an architecture that harvests the byproducts of the operator-at-a-time paradigm in a column-store system using a lightweight mechanism, the recycler. The key challenge then becomes the selection of the policies to admit intermediates to the resource pool, to determine their retention period, and devise the eviction strategy when facing resource limitations. The proposed recycling architecture has been implemented in an open-source system. An experimental analysis against the TPC-H ad-hoc decision support benchmark and a complex, real-world application (SkyServer) demonstrates its effectiveness in terms of self-organizing behavior and its significant performance gains. The results indicate the potentials of recycling intermediates and charts a route for further development of database kernels.
A modular realization of adaptive PCA (2002)

We propose an adaptive PCA algorithm which alleviates suboptimality of the PCA method for nonstationary signals. A modular neural realization of adaptive PCA is considered and its design is formulated as an optimization problem, following the design of the vector quantizer. This formulation results in a competitive algorithm that learns data's local eigenstructures in an unsupervised way. The algorithm includes the recently proposed adaptive transform coding algorithm of R.D. Dony and S. Haykin (1995) as a special case and, as confirmed by simulation studies, the algorithm is better than their algorithm in mean square error (MSE).
Interleukin-8 Release from Human Gestational Tissue Explants: Effects of Gestation, Labor, and Chorioamnionitis1 (1999)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemotactic cytokine that has been implicated in the process of human parturition, including the processes of cervical ripening and rupture of fetal membranes. In this study, the in vitro release of IL-8 from human amnion, choriodecidua, and placenta tissues obtained before and after spontaneous labor onset both at term and preterm, was assessed. The effect of chorioamnionitis on IL-8 release was also established. All tissue explants examined released IL-8; however, IL-8 release from choriodecidual explants was significantly (p < 0.02) greater than that observed from amnion and placenta. Furthermore, choriodecidual IL-8 release was significantly (p < 0.001) greater from term tissues (850 +/- 134.4 ng/mg DNA, n = 18) than from preterm tissues (458 +/- 68.8 ng/mg DNA, n = 17). Spontaneous onset of labor, irrespective of the eventual mode of delivery, was not associated with any significant changes in IL-8 release from human gestational tissues compared to not-in-labor tissues, both at term and preterm. IL-8 release from gestational tissues was not significantly different in the absence or presence of chorioamnionitis. These data are in contrast to the previously reported stimulatory effects of bacterial endotoxin on IL-8 release from human gestational tissues. The data are consistent, however, with the suggestion that IL-8 release is an early event in chorioamnionitis that precedes the appearance of clinically overt symptoms.
Dynamic Stability of Externally Pressurized Gas Bearings (1980)

A feedback loop model is presented us to study instability phenomena in externally pressurized gas bearings. The main features in the theoretical analysis are the compressibility of the fluid and molecular transit times in the bearing gap. The proposed theory is based upon a separate handling of disturbances due to gap thickness variations and pressure changes. The analysis shows, that the dynamic pressure distribution in the gap plays an important role in the overall bearing stability. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental observations are highlighted; reference is made to Turnblade’s stability chart. The proposed analysis gives some additional information with regard to the relative importance of some bearing parameters.