gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of fibroblast growth factor-1: Angiogenesis and tumorigenicity in nude mice (1997)

Gene transfer of angiogenic growth factors with replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus (Ad) vectors may provide a new approach to the treatment of ischemic diseases. To determine if Ad-infected cells could stimulate angiogenesis in vivo and to assess the tumorigenicity of cells infected with these vectors, NIH3T3 fibroblasts infected with Ad vectors coding for human acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF-1) were used in angiogenic and tumorigenic assays. Infected cells induced a strong angiogenic response in vivo, while cells infected with control virus did not. Stable 3T3 transfectants expressing the FGF-1 gene were also highly angiogenic and exhibited growth in soft agar, while Ad-infected cells did not. Ad-infected cells grew transiently in nude mice, whereas 3T3 transfectants formed large tumors which grew exponentially. Extrapolation of cell dose-response curves showed that a minimum of 1.5 x 10(4) infected cells were required for transient tumor cell growth in vivo. Ad-infected cells cultured in vitro for 30 days lost their invasive phenotype and the ability for transient cell growth in nude mice. Thus, phenotypic changes induced by Ad-mediated gene transfer of FGF-1 are transient both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that these Ad vectors do not have tumorigenic potential. Stimulation of angiogenesis by Ad-infected cells may be useful for the evaluation of anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor agents.
A role of fatty acid oxidation in cardiac hypertrophy. (1993)

Following a myocardial infarction the patient with a dilated heart is at greater risk for arrhythmias, congestive failure and sudden death. Studies of myocardial infarction in experimental animals have shown that, with infarcts involving up to 20% of the left ventricle, hypertrophy of surviving myocytes occurs and there are minimal hemodynamic changes. Infarctions greater than 20% induce little additional hypertrophy, and develop increased left ventricular filling pressures and cardiac dilatation. It has been suggested that inadequate hypertrophy of residual myocardium may be a reason for the progressive left ventricular dilatation which occurs after large myocardial infarcts. There are data in humans and animals suggesting that the mass of the left ventricle following a myocardial infarction correlates with improvement in systolic function. Studies from our laboratories have previously shown that 2-tetradecylglycidic acid, an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase I, inhibits mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation and causes myocardial hypertrophy when given to rats by mouth for 7-28 days. We carried out studies to see whether induction of additional myocardial hypertrophy by means of feeding tetradecylglycidic acid might prevent pathologic dilation following a large (50%) infarct in rats. Treatment of control and infarcted rats with tetradecylglycidic acid for 10 days resulted in myocardial hypertrophy in both groups. The rats with myocardial infarction treated with tetradecylglycidic acid had an increase in peak developed left ventricular pressure during abrupt aortic occlusion and lower left ventricular end-diastolic volumes, when compared to untreated rats with myocardial infarction, while the stroke volume was maintained. Thus induction of myocardial hypertrophy with an inhibitor of long-chain fatty acid oxidation retarded the process of left ventricular dilatation and had beneficial effects on systolic function following a large myocardial infarction.
α- and β-Adrenergic Receptors as Mediators of Accumulation of Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate in Specific Areas of Guinea Pig Brain (1971)

With slices derived from two areas of guinea pig brain, cerebellum, and cerebrum plus brain stem, we have shown that specific, and different, receptors exist in these two brain areas for the control of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels.The cerebellum contains a single type of receptor,shown to be a classical /3-adrenergic receptor.The remainder of the brain was shown to have at least two types of receptors mediating increases in cyclic AMP.One, specific for catecholamines, was shown to be a classical cr-adrenergic receptor.The other, specific for histamine, could be blocked by a number of antihistaminic agents.This report is the first to show that both CY-and P-adrenergic stimulation can increase cyclic AMP levels.
Aqueous solubility of crystalline and amorphous drugs: Challenges in measurement (2010)

Measurement of drug solubility is one of the key elements of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) characterization during the drug discovery and development process. This report is a critical review of experimental methods reported in the literature for the measurement of aqueous solubility of amorphous, partially crystalline and crystalline organic compounds. A summary of high-throughput automated methods used in early drug discovery research is also provided in this report. This review summarizes the challenges that are encountered during solubility measurement and the complexities that are often overlooked. Even though there is an advantage in using the amorphous form of a drug due to its higher solubility, measurement of its solubility with useful accuracy is still a practical problem. Therefore, this review provides recommendations of preferred methods and precautions in using these methods to determine the aqueous solubility of amorphous and crystalline new molecular entities, with emphasis on the physico-chemical characterization of the solid state of the test substance.
Reverse Microemulsion-Mediated Synthesis and Structural Evolution of Barium Hexaaluminate Nanoparticles (2000)

Nanocrystalline barium hexaaluminate has been successfully synthesized through the use of a reverse microemulsion as a medium for controlled hydrolysis and polycondensation of barium and aluminum alkoxides. The nanoparticles derived were characterized with electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption analysis. This novel material possessed a well-defined particle morphology and an ultrahigh surface area, and exhibited excellent catalytic performance in methane combustion. Its structural evolution was found to be strongly dependent on synthesis parameters, such as water/alkoxide ratio and aging period. Powder recovery and drying techniques also had an important impact on particle agglomeration and structural development. Through the unique synthesis approach described, barium hexaaluminate with superb thermal stability was achieved, with surface areas in excess of 100 m2/g retained even after calcination at 1300 °C.
Activity of Hb9 Interneurons during Fictive Locomotion in Mouse Spinal Cord (2009)

Hb9 interneurons (Hb9 INs) are putative components of the mouse spinal locomotor central pattern generator (CPG) and candidates for the rhythm-generating kernel. Studies in slices and hemisected spinal cords showed that Hb9 INs display TTX-resistant membrane potential oscillations, suggesting a role in rhythm generation. To further investigate the roles of Hb9 INs in the locomotor CPG, we used two-photon calcium imaging in the in vitro isolated whole neonatal mouse spinal cord preparation to record the activity of Hb9 INs, which were subsequently stained for unambiguous genetic identification. We elicited fictive locomotion by transmitter application or by electrically stimulating the caudal tip of the spinal cord. Although most Hb9 INs were rhythmically active during fictive locomotion, their activity was sparse and they failed to fire with each cycle of the episode. If Hb9 INs are the principal pacemakers of the CPG in the hemisegment in which they are located, they should direct the firing of motor neurons, with their activity preceding that of their ipsilateral segmental ventral roots. Instead, during each locomotor cycle, onset of Hb9 IN activity lagged behind the onset of the ipsilateral ventral root burst by a mean phase of 0.21 during electrical stimulation and 0.28 during transmitter application. Whole-cell recordings in intact and hemisected spinal cords confirmed the imaging results. Our data suggest that Hb9 INs participate in fictive locomotion, but the delayed onset of activity relative to ipsilateral motoneurons suggests that Hb9 INs are unlikely to be the sole intrasegmental rhythm-generating kernel of the CPG.
32-Channel, Injection-Locked WDM-PON SFP Transceivers for Symmetric 1.25 Gbps Operation (2011)

A 32-channel, WDM-PON SFP transceiver is demonstrated at 1.25 Gbps with C-band transmit and L-band receive functionality. The transceiver is based on a wide-band, injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser. Both C-band and L-band SFP transceivers are available. 2010 Optical Society of America
Freely Suspended Actin Cortex Models on Arrays of Microfabricated Pillars (2003)

Actin networking across pillar-tops: Actin filaments have been self-assembled onto microscopic silicon pillars, forming quasi-two-dimensional networks (see graphic) and creating novel possibilities for mimicking functions of the cellular actin cortex on solid-state devices.
Manufacture and Characterisation of Porous PLA Scaffolds (2016)

Bone scaffolds must have an appropriate porosity range with an interconnected and open porosity, and have a biodegradable rate and mechanical properties that match the injured tissue. The use of commercially available and low cost 3D printing machines offers the ability to fulfil these requirements. Therefore, one of the aims of this study was to manufacture a PLA scaffold by a two-step route: 1) 3D printing of a PLA porous bar and 2) laser cut PLA scaffolds from the 3D printed bar. Laser cutting did not cause any significant degradation issues and scanning electron microscopy showed that 3-D scaffolds had completely interconnected and uniform open porosity, with pore size between ∼550 to 600 μm in both axial and transversal direction. Conversely, mechanical test of PLA scaffold indicated that both compressive modulus and stress at yield were decreased by the laser cutting step but they remained adequate for trabecular bone replacement. Finally, the in vitro degradation behaviour of PLA scaffolds after 8 weeks immersed in PBS, did not revealed any significant decrease of weight, molecular weight, and compressive properties.
In vitro Evaluation of Skin Sensitivity of Povidone-Iodine and Other Antiseptics Using a Three-Dimensional Human Skin Model (2002)

Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is an antiseptic which has been widely used in various fields. It was reported to have a weaker skin irritancy than other antiseptics in the Draize skin irritation test using rabbits. Recent increased concern for animal welfare requires us to use skin models in the tests as an alternative to animal testing. Actually, there are some skin models already commercialized, which are available to evaluate skin irritancy caused by e.g. chemical reagents, cosmetics or medicines. In this study, we evaluated the potential of a PVP-I solution and other antiseptics to cause irritation using a cultured human skin model (three-dimensional skin model) under conditions similar to clinical use. This skin model has two layers like a real skin, such as the dermis and epidermis which includes the cornified layer. For the evaluation of skin irritancy in this model, cell viability was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay as an endpoint. Antiseptic formulations such as benzalkonium chloride (BAC), benzethonium chloride (BEC), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride (AEG) were used in this study. As a result, PVP-I showed a significantly weaker skin irritancy compared to the other antiseptics. The present in vitro study results revealed a correlation with the results of previously conducted in vivo skin irritancy tests using rabbits.
Adenine Arabinoside Therapy of Herpes Zoster in the Immunosuppressed (1976)

We evaluated adenine arabinoside treatment of herpes zoster in immunodeficient patients in a randomized, controlled crossover study. The two study groups had similar characteristics. In spite of rapid natural healing, those receiving adenine arabinoside over the first five days had accelerated clearance of virus from vesicles (P = 0.01), and cessation of new vesicle formation (P = 0.004), and a shorter time to total pustulation (P = 0.001). Factors modifying the response to therapy included age, underlying disease, and the duration of zoster prior to therapy. Clinical toxicity was minimal. Laboratory assessment of bone-marrow, liver and renal function showed insignificant alterations as a result of therapy. These studies show that adenine arabinoside is a drug with promise for therapy of systemic herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients. It is most efficacious when administered during the first six days of disease (P = 0.001) to those who have reticuloendothelial neoplasia (P = 0.001) and are less than 38 years of age (P = 0.001).
Perceptual organization in an interactive sketch editing application (2002)

The paper shows how techniques from computational vision can be deployed to support interactive sketch editing. While conventional computer supported drawing tools give users access to visible marks or image objects at a single level of abstraction, a human user's visual system rapidly constructs complex groupings and associations among image elements according to his or her immediate purposes. We have been exploring perceptually supported sketch editors in which computer vision algorithms run continuously, behind the scenes, to afford users efficient access to emergent visual objects in a drawing. We employ a flexible image interpretation architecture based on token grouping in a multiscale blackboard data structure. This organization supports multiple perceptual interpretations of line drawing data, domain specific knowledge bases for interpreting visual structures, and natural gesture based selection of visual objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fluorine- and Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Toluenes: Site Selective Metalation of Aromatic or Benzylic Positions (1991)

At -75 Deg, the superbasic mixt. of BuLi and KOCMe3 metalates 2-, 3-, and 4-FC6H4Me exclusively at an arom. position adjacent to the halogen, as demonstrated by quenching with CO2 to give the corresponding benzoic acids. In contrast, a mixt. of LiN(CHMe2)2 and KOCMe3 selectively deprotonates the benzylic positions of 2- and 3-FC6H4Me to give after quenching with CO2 the corresponding phenylacetic acids. With 3-(F3C)C6H4Me, metal/hydrogen exchange again occurs at the Me group while the corresponding 2- and 4-isomers do not produce interceptable organometallic intermediates. [on SciFinder (R)]
Brassboard development of a MEMS-scanned ladar sensor for small ground robots (2011)

The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is researching a short-range ladar imager for navigation, obstacle/collision avoidance, and target detection/identification on small unmanned ground vehicles (UGV).To date, commercial UGV ladars have been flawed by one or more factors including low pixelization, insufficient range or range resolution, image artifacts, no daylight operation, large size, high power consumption, and high cost. ARL built a breadboard ladar based on a newly developed but commercially available micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirror coupled to a lowcost pulsed Erbium fiber laser transmitter that largely addresses these problems. Last year we integrated the ladar and associated control software on an iRobot PackBot and distributed the ladar imagery data via the PackBot's computer network. The un-tethered PackBot was driven through an indoor obstacle course while displaying the ladar data realtime on a remote laptop computer over a wireless link. We later conducted additional driving experiments in cluttered outdoor environments. This year ARL partnered with General Dynamics Robotics Systems to start construction of a brass board ladar design. This paper will discuss refinements and rebuild of the various subsystems including the transmitter and receiver module, the data acquisition and data processing board, and software that will lead to a more compact, lower cost, and better performing ladar. The current ladar breadboard has a 5-6 Hz frame rate, an image size of 256 (h) × 128 (v) pixels, a 60° × 30° field of regard, 20 m range, eyesafe operation, and 40 cm range resolution (with provisions for super-resolution or accuracy).
Four Switch Buck-Boost Converter for Telecom DC-DC power supply applications (2008)

Converters for Telecom DC/DC power supply applications often require an output voltage somewhere within a wide range of input voltages. While the design of traditional converters will come with a heavy penalty in terms of component stresses and losses, and with the restrictions on the output voltage. Besides that, the high efficiency around the nominal input is another restriction for traditional converters. A controlling scheme for the Four Switch Buck Boost converter is proposed to achieve high efficiency within the line range and the highest efficiency around the nominal input. A 48V(36–75V) input 12V@25A output two-stage prototype composed of the proposed converter and a Full Bridge converter is built in the lab. The experimental results verified the analysis.
Generated Spiral Bevel Gears: Optimal Machine-Tool Settings and Tooth Contact Analysis (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new approach for the determination of machine-tool settings for the generation of spiral bevel gears has been developed. Those settings provide zero kinematical errors and an improved bearing contact. A computer aided program for the tooth contact analysis has been proposed.</div>
ArF imaging modeling by using resist simulation and pattern matching (2001)

This paper presents a methodology for calibrating projection printing imaging/resist models and applying the calibrated models to line-end shortening simulations in the presence of image imperfections. A scheme for extracting monochromatic representations of resist patterns from SEM pictures and comparing them with simulated images is presented. Based on this scheme, a 2-dimensional metric for evaluating the simulation performance is defined and a framework for tuning simulation models is built. The experiments were conducted on a 193nm scanner, with a binary mask whose CD's were measured to eliminate the mask error effects. Comparison of the simulated resist patterns to the SEM micrographs allows evaluation of various levels of physical assumptions on simulation models over the defocus range. Several models were evaluated to quantify the impact of lens aberrations and resist characters on pattern fidelity. Then the effectiveness of these models was further validated by applying the models to simulate small patterns. Aberration effects were found to be very distinctive and a tuned resist modeling was also found to be essential for small features.
Effect of Acyl Chain Length and Branching on the Enantioselectivity of<i>Candida</i><i>r</i><i>ugosa</i>Lipase in the Kinetic Resolution of 4-(2-Difluoromethoxyphenyl)-Substituted 1,4-Dihydropyridine 3,5-Diesters (2002)

Since 2,6-dimethyl-4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine 3,5-diesters themselves are not hydrolyzed by commercially available hydrolases, derivatives with spacers containing a hydrolyzable group were prepared. Seven acyloxymethyl esters of 5-methyl- and 5-(2-propoxyethyl) 4-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate were synthesized and subjected to Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) catalyzed hydrolysis in wet diisopropyl ether. A methyl ester at the 5-position and a long or branched acyl chain at C3 gave the highest enantiomeric ratio (E values). The most stereoselective reaction (E = 21) was obtained with 3-[(isobutyryloxy)methyl] 5-methyl 4-(2-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and this compound was used to prepare both enantiomers of 3-methyl 5-(2-propoxyethyl) 4-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate. The absolute configuration of the enzymatically produced carboxylic acid was established to be 4R by X-ray crystallographic analysis of its 1-(R)-phenylethyl amide.
Nanowire FETs for low power CMOS applications featuring novel gate-all-around single metal FUSI gates with dual &#x03A6;<inf>m</inf> and V<inf>T</inf> tune-ability (2008)

A simple and cost-effective single metal gate scheme was successfully demonstrated to form gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire FETs with optimized dual V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> for low power CMOS applications. FUSI gate-induced stress effects were shown to be of great relevance to device performance. At an I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Off</sub> of 20 pA/mum, superior I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">On</sub> of 1180 and 405 muA/mum were obtained for NFETs and PFETs at a V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> of 1.2 V.
Scapular Kinematics and Subacromial-Impingement Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis (2012)

Subjects with SIS demonstrated altered scapular kinematics, and these differences are influenced by the plane, ARM, and POP. Athletes and overhead workers have a different pattern of scapular kinematics than the general population. The scapular plane is most likely to demonstrate altered kinematics. These factors should be considered when designing futures studies to assess the impact of altered kinematics in patients with SIS.
Isoform-specific effects of human apolipoprotein E on brain function revealed in <i>ApoE</i> knockout mice: Increased susceptibility of females (1998)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) mediates the redistribution of lipids among cells and is expressed at highest levels in brain and liver. Human apoE exists in three major isoforms encoded by distinct alleles (epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4). Compared with APOE epsilon2 and epsilon3, APOE epsilon4 increases the risk of cognitive impairments, lowers the age of onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and decreases the response to AD treatments. Besides age, inheritance of the APOE epsilon4 allele is the most important known risk factor for the development of sporadic AD, the most common form of this illness. Although numerous hypotheses have been advanced, it remains unclear how APOE epsilon4 might affect cognition and increase AD risk. To assess the effects of distinct human apoE isoforms on the brain, we have used the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter to express human apoE3 or apoE4 at similar levels in neurons of transgenic mice lacking endogenous mouse apoE. Compared with NSE-apoE3 mice and wild-type controls, NSE-apoE4 mice showed impairments in learning a water maze task and in vertical exploratory behavior that increased with age and were seen primarily in females. These findings demonstrate that human apoE isoforms have differential effects on brain function in vivo and that the susceptibility to apoE4-induced deficits is critically influenced by age and gender. These results could be pertinent to cognitive impairments observed in human APOE epsilon4 carriers. NSE-apoE mice and similar models may facilitate the preclinical assessment of treatments for apoE-related cognitive deficits.