gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Cross-lingual Word Embedding Models (2018)

Cross-lingual representations of words enable us to reason about word meaning in multilingual contexts and are a key facilitator of cross-lingual transfer when developing natural language processing models for low-resource languages. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive typology of cross-lingual word embedding models. We compare their data requirements and objective functions. The recurring theme of the survey is that many of the models presented in the literature optimize for the same objectives, and that seemingly different models are often equivalent, modulo optimization strategies, hyper-parameters, and such. We also discuss the different ways cross-lingual word embeddings are evaluated, as well as future challenges and research horizons.
<title>Image Signal Processing In Sub-Pixel Accuracy Star Trackers</title> (1980)

Recent star tracker developments at JPL which utilize microprocessor-controlled large area imaging CCD arrays have included several novel techniques for maximizing the efficiency with which information can be extracted as well as corrected for electronic and opto/ mechanical distortions. Scanning algorithms which maximize the rate of obtaining target information, coupled with autonomous control of CCD and signal chain parameters, result from efficient task allocations between electronic hardware elements and operating software. Trade-offs between optical system and image processing software complexity allow sub-pixel star and image tracking using badly aberrated point spread functions by means of power series correction equations which define ideal image centroids from the aberrated image centroids. Star trackers employing these techniques currently under development at JPL are described.
Some aspects of the SOS response system--a critical survey. (2001)

The SOS system and SOS mutagenesis are frequently studied, or exploited to obtain an increase in mutagenicity of bacteria. Here a short survey is made of the phenomenon of SOS response with special attention to latest and less discussed data, especially the induction of the SOS system in response to cell starvation or mutation of certain genes and the role of inducible DNA polymerases.
Paradoxical effect of high and low dose aspirin in experimental arterial thrombosis. (1980)

The effect of different dosage regimens of aspirin was investigated in an experimental model of arterial thrombosis. A paradoxical effect with an increase of the arterial thrombus growth could be seen after a first single dose of 100 mg aspirin/kg body weight. When the high dose of aspirin was given repeatedly, a thrombus size minor than under low dose aspirin therapy with 10 mg/kg body weight has been observed. Our experimental thrombosis experiments do not provide sufficient evidence to support antithrombotic therapy with low doses of aspirin.
Predicting Medications from Diagnostic Codes with Recurrent Neural Networks (2017)

It is a surprising fact that electronic medical records are failing at one of their primary purposes, that of tracking the set of medications that the patient is actively taking. Studies estimate that up to 50% of such lists omit active drugs, and that up to 25% of all active medications do not appear on the appropriate patient list. Manual efforts to maintain these lists involve a great deal of tedious human labor, which could be reduced by computational tools to suggest likely missing or incorrect medications on a patient’s list. We report here an application of recurrent neural networks to predict the likely therapeutic classes of medications that a patient is taking, given a sequence of the last 100 billing codes in their record. Our best model was a GRU that achieved high prediction accuracy (micro-averaged AUC 0.93, Label Ranking Loss 0.076), limited by hardware constraints on model size. Additionally, examining individual cases revealed that many of the predictions marked incorrect were likely to be examples of either omitted medications or omitted billing codes, supporting our assertion of a substantial number of errors and omissions in the data, and the likelihood of models such as these to help correct them.
Whole-Body Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging in Cancer: Current Status and Research Directions (2011)

Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is emerging as a powerful clinical tool for directing the care of patients with cancer. Whole-body DW imaging is almost at the stage where it can enter widespread clinical investigations, because the technology is stable and protocols can be implemented for the majority of modern MR imaging systems. There is a continued need for further improvements in data acquisition and analysis and in display technologies. Priority areas for clinical research include clarification of histologic relationships between tissues of interest and DW MR imaging biomarkers at diagnosis and during therapy response. Because whole-body DW imaging excels at bone marrow assessments at diagnosis and for therapy response, it can potentially address a number of unmet clinical and pharmaceutical requirements. There are compelling needs to document and understand how common and novel treatments affect whole-body DW imaging results and to establish response criteria that can be tested in prospective clinical studies that incorporate measures of patient benefit.
Creating multiple longitudinal foci with parametric spatio-temporal focusing (2010)

Multiple foci are created along the propagation direction of a laser beam using simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing of an ultrafast laser pulse in conjunction with parametric pulse shaping. The pulses are characterized with scanning SEA TADPOLE. The longitudinal and transverse positions of the foci are controlled using phase and amplitude shaping in a 4-f laser pulse shaping system. Measurements of the pulse duration as a function of spatial position of the foci are in agreement with the predictions of a Fourier optics model.
Targeting the subthalamic nucleus for deep brain stimulation: technical approach and fusion of pre- and postoperative MR images to define accuracy of lead placement (2005)

Both direct visualisation of the STN on MRI and intraoperative electrophysiological recording are important in defining the best target. Individual variations exist in the location of the STN target. Fewer tracks were required to define STN activity on the side operated first. Our current stereotactic method of electrode placement is relatively accurate.
Comparison of dose response of pesticide spray deposits versus drift deposits (2015)

Drift deposits on wheat plants were quantified and corresponding effects of Paraquat assessed in order to describe drift dose response relations. Paraquat interrupts the photosynthetic process and chlorotic spots appear. The dose response of spray deposits was investigated in parallel on young wheat and alfalfa plants and on alfalfa plants grown from root stocks. There was a marked difference in deposition pattern as well as herbicidal effect. Plants in the field reacted quite differently to drift exposure compared with sown plants to spray application. Alfalfa plants grown from root stocks sprayed in the laboratory showed a distinct difference to plants grown from seed and recovered. Sown and tray grown wheat and alfalfa did not recover from spray deposits, even at low dose levels. The results illustrate the capacity of plants to recover as a relevant factor of risk assessment. Keywords: drift, pesticide dose response, pesticide exposure, non target organisms, drift exposure, risk assessment Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehungen bei realen Drift-Belagen und bei Spritzbelagen Driftbelage wurden durch eine Freilandapplikation bei Wind (7 m/s) auf Weizen erzeugt und quantitativ bestimmt. Die Belagsmassen wurden dann in Relation gesetzt zu zugehorigen Blattschadigungen durch Paraquat. Parallel wurden mit einer Laborspritzbahn gesate Weizen- und Luzernepflanzen behandelt. Auserdem wurden aus ausgegrabenen Luzernewurzeln im Gewachshaus herangezogene Luzernepflanzen behandelt. Im Vergleich zur Spritzapplikation auf gesate Pflanzen reagierte der Weizen im Feld auf die Driftbelage wesentlich unempfindlicher und mit rascher Wiedererholung. Die aus den Wurzeln herangezogenen Luzernepflanzen wuchsen weiter und reagierten mit Neuaustrieb. Aus Samen herangezogene Jungpflanzen (Weizen und Luzerne) zeigten keine Wiedererholung. selbst bei niedrigen Aufwandmengen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Wiederholungspotenzial exponierter Pflanzen grundsatzlich von Bedeutung fur die Risikobewertung ist. Stichworter: Abdrift, Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung, Pflanzenschutzmittelexposition, Nicht-Ziel-Organismen, Driftexposition, Risikobewertung
Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Inflammation in Myocarditis using <sup>68</sup>Ga-tagged Mannosylated Human Serum Albumin Positron Emission Tomography (2017)

The diagnosis of myocarditis traditionally relies on invasive endomyocardial biopsy but none of the imaging studies so far are specific for infiltration of the inflammatory cells itself. We synthesized <sup>68</sup>Ga-2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) mannosylated human serum albumin (MSA) by conjugating human serum albumin with mannose, followed by conjugation with NOTA and labeling it with <sup>68</sup>Ga. The efficacy of <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-MSA positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging myocardial inflammation was tested in a rat myocarditis model. A significant number of mannose receptor-positive inflammatory cells infiltrated the myocardium in both human and rat myocarditis tissue. <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-MSA uptake was upregulated in organs of macrophage accumulation, such as liver, spleen, bone marrow and myocardium (0.32 (0.31~0.33) for normal versus 1.02 (0.86~1.06) for myocarditis (median (range), SUV); n=4~6 per group, p-value=0.01). <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-MSA uptake in the left ventricle was upregulated in myocarditis compared with normal rats (2.29 (1.42~3.40) for normal versus 4.18 (3.43~6.15) for myocarditis (median (range), average standard uptake value ratio against paraspinal muscle); n=6 per group, p-value<0.01), which was downregulated in rats with cyclosporine-A treated myocarditis (3.69 (2.59~3.86) for myocarditis versus 2.28 (1.76~2.60) for cyclosporine-A treated myocarditis; n=6 per group, p-value<0.01). The specificity of the tracer was verified by administration of excess non-labeled MSA. <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-MSA uptake was significantly enhanced earlier in the evolution of myocarditis before any signs of inflammation could be seen on echocardiography. These results demonstrate the potential utility of visualizing infiltration of mannose receptor-positive macrophages with <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-MSA PET in the early diagnosis of as well as in the monitoring of treatment response of myocarditis.
ASDE and multilateration mode-S data fusion for location and identification on airport surface (2003)

A data fusion methodology to process data coming from the airport surface detection equipment (ASDE) and mode-S multilateration sensors in airport surface is presented and evaluated. Rigorous statistical models for the errors committed by both types of measuring systems, including attributes extracted from ASDE images, an extended distance computation for association and a tracking scheme considering states for the relative offset between sensors and orientation angle are developed. The results obtained by simulations with representative operations in European airports show the matching of measuring models with the parameters extracted from simulations and the performance of the tracking system comparing several alternatives with that proposed.
Cross-lingual Annotation Projection for Semantic Roles (2009)

This article considers the task of automatically inducing role-semantic annotations in the FrameNet paradigm for new languages. We propose a general framework that is based on annotation projection, phrased as a graph optimization problem. It is relatively inexpensive and has the potential to reduce the human effort involved in creating role-semantic resources. Within this framework, we present projection models that exploit lexical and syntactic information. We provide an experimental evaluation on an English-German parallel corpus which demonstrates the feasibility of inducing high-precision German semantic role annotation both for manually and automatically annotated English data.
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 and β2-integrins cooperate in the adhesion of leukocytes to von Willebrand factor (2006)

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is an essential component of hemostasis. However, animal studies using VWF-deficient mice suggest that VWF may also contribute to inflammation. In the present study, we demonstrate that VWF was able to interact with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes under static and flow conditions. Adhesion under flow was dominated by short-lasting contact with resting PMNs, whereas adhesion of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated PMNs was characterized by firm adhesion. Transient binding of PMNs to VWF appeared to be mediated by P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). Moreover, recombinant PSGL-1 protein and cell surface-expressed PSGL-1 directly interacted with VWF. As for stable adhesion by PMA-stimulated PMNs, we observed that static adhesion and adhesion under flow were strongly inhibited (greater than 75%) by neutrophil-inhibitory factor, an inhibitor of beta2-integrin function. In addition, the isolated I-domain of alphaMbeta2 bound to VWF, and cell lines expressing alphaLbeta2 or alphaXbeta2 adhered efficiently to VWF. Taken together, our data showed that VWF can function as an adhesive surface for various leukocyte subsets (monocytes, PMNs). Analogous to VWF-platelet interaction, VWF provided binding sites for leukocyte receptors involved in rolling (PSGL-1) and stable (beta2-integrins) adhesion. VWF is unique in its intrinsic capacity to combine the rolling and the stable adhesion step in the interaction with leukocytes.
Leader election in asynchronous distributed systems (2000)

In a previous paper, Garcia-Molina specifies the leader election problem for synchronous and asynchronous distributed systems with crash and link failures and gives an elegant algorithm for each type of system. This paper points out a flaw in Garcia-Molina's specification of leader election in asynchronous systems and proposes a new specification.
Study on Elemental Technologies for Creation of Healthcare Chip Fabricated on Polyethylene Terephthalate Plate (2001)

Elemental technologies have been studied to establish the healthcare chip which is an intelligent micro analytical system to detect human health markers from a trail of blood. A two steps process for deep quartz dry-etching was discussed in order to overcome the issues of concave-shaped defects at the bottom of grooves. A coating with 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer was studied to suppress the adsorption of bio-substance onto the inner wall of the flow channel on chip and good bio-compatibility was achieved for suppression of protein adsorption and blood cell adhesion. A prototype of healthcare chip was fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plate using a micro molding technique. Using this chip, the ion concentrations of pH, Na^+, K^+, Ca^<++> were successfully measured with embedded ion sensitive field effect transistors (ISFET's).
Novel Azasterols as Potential Agents for Treatment of Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis (2004)

This paper describes the design and evaluation of novel azasterols as potential compounds for the treatment of leishmaniasis and other diseases caused by trypanosomatid parasites. Azasterols are a known class of (S)-adenosyl-L-methionine: Delta24-sterol methyltransferase(24-SMT) inhibitors in fungi, plants, and some parasitic protozoa. The compounds prepared showed activity at micromolar and nanomolar concentrations when tested against Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma spp. The enzymatic and sterol composition studies indicated that the most active compounds acted by inhibiting 24-SMT. The role of the free hydroxyl group at position 3 of the sterol nucleus was also probed. When an acetate was attached to the 3beta-OH, the compounds did not inhibit the enzyme but had an effect on parasite growth and the levels of sterols in the parasite, suggesting that the acetate group was removed in the organism. Thus, an acetate group on the 3beta-OH may have application as a prodrug. However, there may be an additional mode(s) of action for these acetate derivatives. These compounds were shown to have ultrastructural effects on Leishmania amazonensis promastigote membranes, including the plasma membrane, the mitochondrial membrane, and the endoplasmic reticulum. The compounds were also found to be active against the bloodstream form (trypomastigotes) of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, a causative agent of African trypanosomiasis.
The Technique of Intraoperative Nuclear Mapping to Facilitate Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy (1997)

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that primary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH) is the result of a single adenoma in 85% to 92% of cases and is cured following the removal of this one gland, many surgeons continue to perform a complete bilateral neck exploration for patients with primary HPTH. The advent of the sestamibi scan now enables the identification of patients with a single adenoma. METHODS: The use of preoperative sestamibi scanning followed immediately by minimally invasive parathyroidectomy using intraoperative nuclear mapping allows cure for primary HPTH in properly selected patients. RESULTS: Reports have shown that preoperative sestamibi scanning has a sensitivity of approximately 90% and a specificity of almost 100% in identifying patients with a single adenoma. Intraoperative mapping allows a limited dissection to be performed under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting in approximately 80% of all patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The details of this new technique - patient selection, timing, use of the intraoperative nuclear probe, and surgical exploration - are described. CONCLUSIONS: When selected appropriately, most patients with primary HPTH can be successfully treated through a minimally invasive technique.
Site Selectivity of the Diels−Alder Reactions of 3-[1-(<i>tert</i>-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)vin-1-yl]furan and 3-(Propen-2-yl)furan. Synthesis of 4-Substituted Benzofurans (1996)

The Diels−Alder reaction of 3-vinylfurans 5 and 27 with DMAD, N-phenylmaleimide, and dimethyl maleate afforded products derived both from addition to the furan ring diene system (intraannular addition) and to the furan 2,3-double bond 3-vinyl group diene system (extraannular addition). For example, compounds 6 and 7 were obtained from 5 and DMAD. In contrast, dienophiles containing a phenylsulfinyl group, such as 19−21, gave products derived exclusively from the extraannular reaction mode. These products are useful precursors of 4-substituted benzofurans, especially 4-hydroxybenzofurans.
Heritability and segregation analysis of the level of HDL-cholesterol (2004)

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the familial correlation and heritability in HDL cholesterolthrough segregation analysis.Methods : This study, based on data from 11,117 Korean individuals ascertained pedigrees who had participated in 1998and 2001 Korean Natiunai Health & Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects of segregation analysis were 4,688 Koreanwho had more than five members in their family.Results : Serum lipid levels revealecl strong familial correlation among spouses, Parent-offspring and siblings with lowcorrelation of spouse. The heritability of HDL cholesterol was 54,8% after controlling for agc, , gender, agegender,waist circumfercnce, smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise and education. Two models of inheritance, the Mendelian codominant model were found in HDL cholesterol. In the codominant model, the predictcd HDL-cholesterol for genotypc AA, AB, and BB were 44.96, 49.13, and69.67 mg/dl, respectively. However the Mendelian codominant model only was found in high risk families.Conclusions : In conclusion, randomly ascertained Korean families of this study showed strong familial aggregation inHDL cholesterol. The results suggested that the variations in HDL cholesterol may be influencing by major effect of gene.
Grave anaphylactic‐like reaction in the course of menstruation (1987)

The case of a woman with a serious anaphylactic pattern during menstruation is described. The patient had a clinical picture of urticaria, angioedema and shock at each menstruation for a period of 2 years until hysterectomy was performed. The studies showed no hormonal or immunological change. The only relevant finding was the extraordinarily strong vasodilating action of the menstrual fluid in the patient, and not in the controls. The results of the study suggest the possibility of two mechanisms: 1) an IgE-mediated mechanism causing hypersensitivity to some metabolic substance in the menstrual fluid and 2) an excessive pharmacological vasodilatory action produced by the prostacyclin in the fluid itself.
Exploring and accounting for publication bias in mental health: a brief overview of methods (2014)

OBJECTIVE Publication bias undermines the integrity of published research. The aim of this paper is to present a synopsis of methods for exploring and accounting for publication bias. METHODS We discussed the main features of the following methods to assess publication bias: funnel plot analysis; trim-and-fill methods; regression techniques and selection models. We applied these methods to a well-known example of antidepressants trials that compared trials submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for regulatory approval. RESULTS The funnel plot-related methods (visual inspection, trim-and-fill, regression models) revealed an association between effect size and SE. Contours of statistical significance showed that asymmetry in the funnel plot is probably due to publication bias. Selection model found a significant correlation between effect size and propensity for publication. CONCLUSIONS Researchers should always consider the possible impact of publication bias. Funnel plot-related methods should be seen as a means of examining for small-study effects and not be directly equated with publication bias. Possible causes for funnel plot asymmetry should be explored. Contours of statistical significance may help disentangle whether asymmetry in a funnel plot is caused by publication bias or not. Selection models, although underused, could be useful resource when publication bias and heterogeneity are suspected because they address directly the problem of publication bias and not that of small-study effects.
BRAF alterations in brain tumours (2014)

Molecular testing for BRAF alterations in brain tumours may be of clinical relevance for differential diagnostic considerations in some situations or to guide selection of patients for targeted therapy with specific inhibitors. Prospective clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of BRAF inhibitors in central nervous system tumours are strongly supported by the available evidence.