gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dexmedetomidine in intensive care unit: a study of hemodynamic changes. (2002)

We concluded that dexmedetomidine is useful sedative agent with analgesic properties which reduce the analgesic requirement of the patient. The patient were ventilated, weaned, then breathed spontaneously in a satisfactory manner.
A Simple Synthesis of the Natural 2,5-Dialkylresorcinol Free Radical Scavenger Antioxidant: Resorstatin (1997)

Abstract 3,5-Dimethoxybenzoic acid 3 has been transformed into olivetol dimethyl ether 6 in three steps in 79% yield. Directed ortho-metallation-alkylation of 6, followed by boron tribromide demethylation resulted in a simple and inexpensive synthesis of resorstatin, in 70% overall yield from 3.
Thermo-Sensitive Release Behavior of 5-Fluorouracil from Chitosan-Gel Microspheres Coated with Lipid Multilayers (1992)

In order to provide a device that would release anticancer drugs in response to temperature, chitosan microspheres with immobilized 1-[N-(5- aminopentyl)urea]-5-fluorouracil (Ap-5FU) and coated with dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) multilayers were prepared. The chitosan-DPPC- chitosan microspheres were prepared by coating chitosan-DPPC microspheres with polyelectrolyte complex membrane of chitosan. Good distributive stability of microspheres in aqueous solution was achieved with the DPPC multilayers coating. When chitosan was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, Ap-5FU was si multaneously immobilized to the microspheres by means of Schiffs base forma tion. In physiological saline media, free 5FU released from the microspheres was detected, but the 5FU derivative was not. The release rate of 5 FU from the microspheres was decreased by coating with DPPC multilayers, and further depressed by the formation of polyelectrolyte complex membrane. The thermo- sensitive release behavior of 5FU from chitosan-DPPC microspheres and chitosan-DPPC-chitosan microspheres was observed in vitro across the phase transition temperature ( T m ) of the DPPC multilayer (41.4 ° C).
Word and syllable models for German text-to-speech synthesis. (1998)

The correct pronunciation of unknown or novel words is one of the biggest challenges for text-to-speech systems. In this paper we describe the implementation of unknown word analysis as a central component of the text analysis module in the Bell Labs German text-to-speech system. The implementation is based on a model of the morphological structure of words and on the study of the productivity of word forming affixes. One important subcomponent of the word model is a phonotactic syllable model which enables the system to handle orthographic substrings that are unaccounted for by the explicitly listed morphemes. Finally, we discuss issues for future research. 1. INTRODUCTION The correct pronunciation of unknown or novel words is one of the biggest challenges for text-to-speech (TTS) systems. Generally speaking, correct analysis and pronunciation can only be guaranteed if a direct match exists between an input string and a corresponding entry in a pronunciation dictionary or morphologi...
Programmable and self-demolding microstructured molds fabricated from shape-memory polymers (2015)

We introduce shape memory polymers as materials to augment molds with programmable switching between different micro and nanostructures as functional features of the mold and self-demolding properties. These polymer molds can be used for hot embossing (or nanoimprinting) and casting. Furthermore, they enable the replication of nano- and microstructures on curved surfaces as well as embedded structures like on the inside walls of a microfluidic channel. The shape memory polymer molds can be replicated from master molds fabricated by conventional techniques. We tested their durability for microfabrication processes and demonstrated the advantages of shape memory molds for hot embossing and casting by replicating microstructures with high aspect ratios and optical grade surface quality.
Trees and Butterflies Barriers in Distributed Simulation System: A Better Approach to Improve Latency and the Processor Idle Time (2007)

Global virtual time (GVT) is used in parallel discrete event simulations to reclaim memory, commit output, detect termination, and handle errors. Mattern 's [I] has proposed G VT approximation with distributed termination detection algorithm. This algorithm works fine and gives optimal performance in terms of accurate GVT computation at the expense of slower execution rate. This slower execution rate results a high GVT latency. Due to the high GVT latency, the processors involve in communication remain idle during that period of time. As a result, the overall throughput of a discrete event parallel simulation system degrades significantly. Thus, the high G VT latency prevents the widespread use of this algorithm in discrete event parallel simulation system. However, if we could improve the latency of GVT computation, most of the discrete event parallel simulation system would likely take advantage of this technique in terms of accurate G VT computation. In this paper, we examine the potential use of tress and butterflies barriers with the Mattern's GVT structure using a ring. Simulation results demonstrate that the use of tree barriers with the Mattern's GVT structure can significantly improve the latency time and thus increase the overall throughput of the parallel simulation system. The performance measure adopted in this paper is the achievable latency for a fixed number of processors and the number of message transmission during the G VT computation.
Complete Solutions of the “Webster” Horn Equation (1967)

Suppose that one solution of the “Webster” equation for any given horn is known, valid for particular boundary conditions and at one frequency. Expressions for the other linearly independent solution and for the derivatives of both solutions with respect to frequency are deduced and given in computable form. This allows the behavior of the horn for any loading, and in a wide range of frequencies, to be derived from a solution with one loading, at one frequency. The originally known solution may be computed, or experimental, or it may be the initial wavefunction in the inverse method of horn design (where the horn contour is derived from the initial wavefunction, which is constructed to satisfy the design requirements). With the new results, it is straightforward to compute the behavior of horns that were designed by the inverse method (for example, the “Terminated Gaussian” and the “Fourier”) in conditions not envisaged in their design. Further, the inverse method can now be used to design new horns with specified characteristics at a number of loads (including dissipative toads) and frequencies. The impedances of horns are discussed in the light of the relation between the solutions of Webster's equation, with special reference to the ideal transformer. The general impedance relations are thereby considerably simplified. Some basic results of the theory of horns are briefly reviewed and an annotated bibliography of over 200 references is given. Attention is drawn to very important work on the horn equation and its solution—long before Webster—in particular to brilliant papers by Daniel Bernoulli, by Lagrange, and by Euler in the 18th century.
Scalable inference in latent variable models (2012)

Latent variable techniques are pivotal in tasks ranging from predicting user click patterns and targeting ads to organizing the news and managing user generated content. Latent variable techniques like topic modeling, clustering, and subspace estimation provide substantial insight into the latent structure of complex data with little or no external guidance making them ideal for reasoning about large-scale, rapidly evolving datasets. Unfortunately, due to the data dependencies and global state introduced by latent variables and the iterative nature of latent variable inference, latent-variable techniques are often prohibitively expensive to apply to large-scale, streaming datasets.
Die Rolle der Siedlungsentwässerung bei der Schadstoffanreicherung in Böden (1995)

Das von befestigten Flächen in Siedlungen abfliessende Regenwasser ist mit Schwermetallen zeitweise stark belastet. Je nach Entwässerungssystem der Siedlungen akkumulieren die Schadstoffe entweder vordringlich in der Hydrosphäre oder in der Pedosphäre. Bei Misch- und Trennkanalisation entstehen dadurch langsam sehr diffus verteilte Schwermetalldepots in der Natur. Bei der Meteorwasserversickerung werden die Schwermetalle örtlich begrenzt, jedoch sehr schnell im Boden aufkonzentriert. Ihre Akkumulation soll in Zukunft unter besser kontrollierten Bedingungen erfolgen. Langfristig führt nur die konsequente Ursachenbekämpfung zur Vermeidung von Umweltbeeinträchtigungen durch Schwermetalle.
Detecting Protein–Protein Interactions with CFP‐YFP FRET by Acceptor Photobleaching (2006)

FRET is a light microscopy method for detecting protein-protein interactions within intact cells. The FRET protocol presented here is for CFP- and YFP-tagged proteins examined with an argon laser on a scanning confocal microscope. FRET is assayed by one of the most straightforward approaches available, namely, acceptor photobleaching. In this procedure, the YFP-tagged protein (the FRET "acceptor") is photobleached at a cellular site of interest, and then the intensity of the CFP-tagged protein (the FRET "donor") at that same site is measured. In principle, FRET is detected when the CFP intensity increases after the photobleaching of YFP. This unit describes the appropriate steps to perform this measurement, as well as the necessary controls to ensure that an increase in CFP intensity, if detected, in fact reflects bona fide FRET. Successful application of the protocol will support the conclusion that the CFP- and YFP-tagged proteins directly interact at the site of the photobleaching.
Mechanisms of pain in peripheral neuropathy (1999)

Over the last few years, the mechanisms of pain due to peripheral nerve injury have been the subject of extensive clinical and fundamental investigation. Several types of peripheral mechanisms have been described in animal models of peripheral nerve injury. Abnormal (ectopic) neuronal activity has been reported in primary afferents and in the dorsal root ganglion, and appears related to dysregulation of the synthesis and/or the functioning of sodium channels (notably the tetrodotoxin-resistant channel). Fiber interactions (ephaptic or cross-excitation), nociceptor sensitization and sympathetic sensory coupling may also be involved in some cases. Peripheral nerve lesions can also induce central changes; this has essentially been investigated at the spinal cord level in animals. Three major types of modifications could induce a pathologic activation of central nociceptive neurons: modification of the modulatory controls of the transmission of nociceptive messages; anatomic reorganization (neuroplasticity) of the central nociceptive neurons, and thus their pathologic activation; and central sensitization (hyperexcitability) of nociceptive neurons to produce modifications of their electrophysiologic properties. Central sensitization probably depends critically on intracellular changes induced by the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by excitatory amino acids released by primary afferents. Due to the multiplicity of mechanisms, it is unlikely that neuropathic pain corresponds to a unique entity. Each of the painful symptoms may correspond to distinct mechanisms and thus respond to specific treatments.
Transformation toughening of [gamma][prime]-strengthened metastable austenitic steels (1990)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1990.
Remarkable increase in cerebrospinal fluid 3-nitrotyrosine in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1999)

To investigate the significance of peroxynitrite-mediated oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS), the concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine and tyrosine in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with SALS were determined. The concentration of 3-nitrotyrosine and the 3-nitrotyrosine/ tyrosine ratio in patients with SALS were approximately seven times those of controls. Thus, the present findings in living patients provide in vivo evidence for a possible role of peroxynitrite, a mediator of oxidative stress, and increased nitration of tyrosine residues in the pathogenesis of SALS.
Fluorescence in insects (2012)

Fluorescent molecules are much in demand for biosensors, solar cells, LEDs and VCSEL diodes, therefore, considerable efforts have been expended in designing and tailoring fluorescence to specific technical applications. However, naturally occurring fluorescence of diverse types has been reported from a wide array of living organisms: most famously, the jellyfish <i>Aequorea victoria</i>, but also in over 100 species of coral and in the cuticle of scorpions, where it is the rule, rather than the exception. Despite the plethora of known insect species, comparatively few quantitative studies have been made of insect fluorescence. Because of the potential applications of natural fluorescence, studies in this field have relevance to both physics and biology. Therefore, in this paper, we review the literature on insect fluorescence, before documenting its occurrence in the longhorn beetles <i>Sternotomis virescens</i>, <i>Sternotomis variabilis var. semi rufescens</i>, <i>Anoplophora elegans </i>and <i>Stellognatha maculata</i>, the tiger beetles <i>Cicindela maritima and Cicindela germanica </i>and the weevil <i>Pachyrrhynchus gemmatus purpureus</i>. Optical features of insect fluorescence, including emitted wavelength, molecular ageing and naturally occurring combinations of fluorescence with bioluminescence and colour-producing structures are discussed.
Partial Purification and Characterization of Two Hydrogenases from the Extreme Thermophile <i>Methanococcus jannaschii</i> (1990)

F(420)-nonreactive and F(420)-reactive hydrogenases have been partially purified from Methanococcus jannaschii, an extremely thermophilic methanogen isolated from a submarine hydrothermal vent. The molecular weights of both hydrogenases were determined by native gradient electrophoresis in 5 to 27% polyacrylamide gels. The F(420)-nonreactive hydrogenase produced one major band (475 kilodaltons), whereas the F(420)-reactive hydrogenase produced two major bands (990 and 115 kilodaltons). The F(420)-nonreactive hydrogenase consisted of two subunits (43 and 31 kilodaltons), and the F(420)-reactive hydrogenase contained three subunits (48, 32, and 25 kilodaltons). Each hydrogenase was active at very high temperatures. Methyl viologen-reducing activity of the F(420)-nonreactive hydrogenase was maximal at 80 degrees C but was still detectable at 103 degrees C. The maximum activities of F(420)-reactive hydrogenase for F(420) and methyl viologen were measured at 80 and 90 degrees C, respectively. Low but measureable activity toward methyl viologen was repeatedly observed at 103 degrees C. Moreover, the half-life of the F(420)-nonreactive hydrogenase at 70 degrees C was over 9 h, and that of the F(420)-reactive enzyme was over 3 h.
Visual servo control. II. Advanced approaches [Tutorial] (2007)

This article is the second of a two-part tutorial on visual servo control. In this tutorial, we have only considered velocity controllers. It is convenient for most of classical robot arms. However, the dynamics of the robot must of course be taken into account for high speed task, or when we deal with mobile nonholonomic or underactuated robots. As for the sensor, geometrical features coming from a classical perspective camera is considered. Features related to the image motion or coming from other vision sensors necessitate to revisit the modeling issues to select adequate visual features. Finally, fusing visual features with data coming from other sensors at the level of the control scheme will allow to address new research topics
Toward LTE commercial launch and future plan for LTE enhancements (LTE-Advanced) (2010)

As a promising radio access technology for next generation mobile communication systems, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is being standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) international standardization organization. LTE Release 8 has many advantages to the other systems, e.g., the peak throughput is 300Mbps in Downlink (DL) and 75Mbps in Uplink (UL), 2-3 time higher spectrum efficiency than Rel. 6 HSPA (High Speed Packet Access), very low latency around 5msec in RAN (Radio Access Network) and 100msec for connection setup time. With Release 8, the first version for LTE specification, being completed in March 2009, the LTE standard is now being developed towards commercialization in various countries in the world. This paper addresses the plan for LTE commercial launch in NTT DOCOMO and future plan for LTE Rel. 9 and LTE-Advanced (LTE Rel. 10 and beyond).
Molecular beacons for bioanalytical applications (2005)

Molecular beacons (MBs) are hairpin-shaped oligonucleotides that contain both fluorophore and quencher moieties. They act like switches and are normally in a closed state, when the fluorophore and the quencher are brought together to turn "off" the fluorescence. When prompted to undergo conformational changes that open the hairpin structure, the fluorophore and the quencher are separated, and fluorescence is turned "on." This Education will outline the principles of MBs and discuss recent bioanalytical applications of these probes for in vitro RNA and DNA monitoring, biosensors and biochips, real-time monitoring of genes and gene expression in living systems, as well as the next generation of MBs for studies on proteins, the MB aptamers. These important applications have shown that MBs hold great potential in genomics and proteomics where real-time molecular recognition with high sensitivity and excellent specificity is critical.
<i>anti</i>-Spin-Delocalization Effect in Co−C Bond Dissociation Enthalpies (2008)

The homolytic Co−C bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) is central to the understanding of organocobalt-mediated reactions in the areas of both bioinorganic chemistry and transition-metal catalysis. However, the determination of the Co−C BDEs still remains a difficult task using either an experimental or theoretical approach. Here we investigate how to use the density functional theory method to accurately calculate the Co−C BDEs by testing a number of functionals. It is found that the recently developed TPSS/LANL2DZ+p method can reproduce 28 experimental Co−C BDEs within a precision of ca. 2.2 kcal/mol. Equipped with this useful tool, we next examined the effects of the in-plane ligands on the Co−C BDEs in a systematic fashion for the first time. It is found that the in-plane ligands can vary the Co−C BDEs by ca. 10 kcal/mol. Across different in-plane ligands the Co−C BDEs are found to exhibit a strong, negative correlation with the spin densities at the cobalt atoms after the homolysis. This observation is not consistent with the conventional chemical intuition that delocalization of the spin of a free radical through the hyperconjugation interactions should stabilize the radical and, thereby, weaken the chemical bond that undergoes homolysis. We name this unexpected finding the anti-spin-delocalization effect. Further analyses of the molecular orbitals and atomic charges indicate that (1) the in-plane ligands can reduce the Co spin density through hyperconjugation with their empty antibonding π* orbitals and (2) the in-plane ligands can also stabilize the Co−C starting material through ionic interactions by attracting electrons from Co. Both the stabilization effects are determined by the electronegativity of the in-plane ligands. Thus the origin for the anti-spin-delocalization effect is proposed to be that the stabilization effect of the in-plane ligands is larger for the starting material than for the radical.
Nitrogen regulation of nasA and the nasB operon, which encode genes required for nitrate assimilation in Bacillus subtilis (1995)

The divergently transcribed nasA gene and nasB operon are required for nitrate and nitrite assimilation in Bacillus subtilis. The beta-galactosidase activity of transcriptional lacZ fusions from the nasA and nasB promoters was high when cells were grown in minimal glucose medium containing poor nitrogen sources such as nitrate, proline, or glutamate. The expression was very low when ammonium or glutamine was used as the sole nitrogen source. The repression of the genes during growth on good sources of nitrogen required wild-type glutamine synthetase (GlnA), but not GlnR, the repressor of the glnRA operon. Primer extension analysis showed that the -10 region of each promoter resembles those of sigma A-recognized promoters. Between the divergently oriented nasA and nasB promoters is a region of dyad symmetry. Mutational analysis led to the conclusion that this sequence is required in cis for the activation of both nasA and nasB. The derepression of these genes in a glnA mutant also required this sequence. These results suggest that an unidentified transcriptional activator and glutamine synthetase function in the regulation of nasA and the nasB operon.
Distributed Channel Synthesis (2013)

Two familiar notions of correlation are rediscovered as the extreme operating points for distributed synthesis of a discrete memoryless channel, in which a stochastic channel output is generated based on a compressed description of the channel input. Wyner's common information is the minimum description rate needed. However, when common randomness independent of the input is available, the necessary description rate reduces to Shannon's mutual information. This paper characterizes the optimal tradeoff between the amount of common randomness used and the required rate of description. We also include a number of related derivations, including the effect of limited local randomness, rate requirements for secrecy, applications to game theory, and new insights into common information duality. Our proof makes use of a soft covering lemma, known in the literature for its role in quantifying the resolvability of a channel. The direct proof (achievability) constructs a feasible joint distribution over all parts of the system using a soft covering, from which the behavior of the encoder and decoder is inferred, with no explicit reference to joint typicality or binning. Of auxiliary interest, this paper also generalizes and strengthens this soft covering tool.
Aspect oriented programming using actors (2003)

This paper summarizes an actor-based middleware in Java for the development of time-dependent distributed systems. The approach centres on the separation of concerns. Functional, synchronization, control and configuration aspects of an application can be separately dealt with in a design so as to favour the fulfilment of the application requirements. Actors are encapsulation units of data and behaviour and are modelled as finite state machines. They enable ubiquitous computing, have location transparent names, and can migrate, possibly autonomously, from node to node of an heterogeneous computing infrastructure like Internet, for accomplishing their computational task. They are based on an explicit messaging system. Crosscutting concerns in a group of actors can be programmed in special actors which transparently filter message exchanges and superimpose to them the timing and synchronization constraints which directly affect the message scheduling. The paper describes the implementation of a real-time multimedia QoS synchronizer.