gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Chamber Pressure on Composition and Electrical Properties of Zr-Modified (Ba<sub>1-x</sub>, Sr<sub>x</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films Grown by Sputtering (2000)

Zr-modified (Ba 1- x , Sr x )TiO 3 thin films as capacitors for high density dynamic random access memory were deposited by r.f. magnetron sputtering as a function of chamber pressure. The Zr/Ti ratio of films increased significantly with decreasing chamber pressure and this variation affected the microstructure and surface roughness of the films. The dielectric constant of the films increased due to the decrease of Zr when chamber pressure was increased. The (Ba 1- x , Sr x )(Ti 1- y , Zr y )O 3 thin films showed a dielectric constant of 380∼525 at 100 kHz. The leakage current exhibited a smaller value as chamber pressure decreased and the leakage current density of films with various Zr contents was order of the 10 -7 –10 -9 A/cm 2 at 200 kV/cm.
A Convenient Synthesis of Parent and 2-Substituted Octahydro-2<i>H</i>-pyrazino[1,2-<i>a</i>]-pyrazines (1991)

A series of octahydro-2H-pyrazino[1,2-a]pyrazines (1,4,8-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]decanes), 7 have been prepared by a new and efficient method starting from 1,4-dibenzyl-2-ethoxycarbonylpiperazine (1). The target compounds are precursors of a new series of antibacterial quinolones.
Parade: A versatile parallel architecture for accelerating pulse train clustering (2009)

In this paper, we present Parade, a novel and flexible parallel architecture for the deinterleaving of combined pulse-trains. This is a commonly performed task in various areas of signal processing applications, such as satellite communication. Most of these applications require the identification of the main characteristics of pulse-trains such as frequency. Previously suggested techniques for solving the clustering problem are restricted with several limiting assumptions. In contrast, Parade, based off a parallelized and improved version of the sequential search algorithm, solves the deinterleaving problem significantly faster and in a more general case by considering all conditions such as jitter, dropped pulses, arbitrary start and end points. Our scheme employs several parameters, such as the number of deinterleaving modules and the number of memory elements, in order to achieve a desirable combination of accuracy, speed, memory usage and area. Using an 8-way parallel architecture, Parade improves the PRI accuracy by 27% compared to the nonparallel baseline architecture. Our design, when synthesized on 90 nm technology node, performs 940x faster compared to a software-based histogram technique.
A Smartphone-Centric System for the Range of Motion Assessment in Stroke Patients (2014)

The range of motion (ROM) in stroke patients is often severely affected. Poststroke rehabilitation is guided through the use of clinical assessment scales for the rROM. Unfortunately, these scales are not widely utilized in clinical practice as they are excessively time-consuming. Although commercial motion-capture systems are capable of providing the information required for the assessments, most systems are either too costly or lack the convenience required for assessments to be conducted on a daily basis. This paper presents the design and implementation of a smartphone-based system for automated motor assessment using low-cost off-the-shelf inertial sensors. The system was used to automate a portion of the upper-extremity Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), which is widely used to quantify motor deficits in stroke survivors. Twelve out of 33 items were selected, focusing mainly on joint angle measurements of the upper body. The system has the ability to automatically identify the assessment item being conducted, and calculate the maximum respective joint angle achieved. Preliminary results show the ability of this system to achieve comparable results to goniometer measurements, while significantly reducing the time required to conduct the assessments. The portability and ease-of-use of the system would simplify the task of conducting range-of-motion assessments.
Selective purification by thiol-disulfide interchange chromatography of alveolysin, a sulfhydryl-activated toxin of Bacillus alvei. Toxin properties and interaction with cholesterol and liposomes. (1983)

Alveolysin has been purified in milligram quantities to apparent immunochemical and electrophoretic homogeneity from the supernatant culture fluid of Bacillus alvei. Purification involved ultrafiltration with concomitant molecular sieving on Amicon hollow fibers, thiol-disulfide interchange chromatography on thiopropyl-Sepharose 6B, and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and Bio-Gel P-100. The purified toxin was found to be a single polypeptide chain of 582 amino acids (Mr = 63,000) free of carbohydrate, with alanine as NH2-terminal amino acid. Nonpolar amino acids accounted for 40% of the total residues. Immunochemical analysis of the precipitation curve of the toxin with anti-alveolysin immune sera indicated the presence of approximately 13 epitopes. The toxin exhibited a specific activity of 10(6) hemolytic units/mg of protein and behaved as an amphiphilic protein as inferred from charge-shift electrophoresis in a three-detergent system, suggesting the presence of substantial hydrophobic region(s). The inhibitory effects of various thiol reagents and that of cholesterol and related 3 beta-hydroxysterols with aliphatic side chains at carbon 17 indicated that alveolysin is a typical member of the group of bacterial--SH-activated toxins. The stoichiometry of cholesterol-toxin interaction was apparently equimolar. The complexes between alveolysin and [3H]cholesterol were characterized by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Cholesterol-containing liposomes were disrupted by the toxin.
Application of Vehicle Driving simulator Using New Washout Algorithm and Robust Control (2006)

A vehicle driving simulator is a virtual reality device which makes a man feel as if he drove an actual vehicle. Unlike actual vehicles, the simulator has limited kinematic workspace and bounded dynamic characteristic. So it is difficult to simulate dynamic motions of a multi-body vehicle model. In order to overcome these problems, a washout algorithm which controls the workspace of the simulator within the kinematic limits is needed. However, a classical washout algorithm contains several problems such as generation of wrong sensation of motions by filters. This paper apply new tilt coordination method of an algorithm which gives more accurate sensations to drivers and sliding mode control with sliding perturbation observer(SMCSPO) for robust control of vehicle driving simulator. SMCSPO shows high accuracy and performance. These enhance reality of vehicle driving simulator and reduce simulator sickness
Studying Contact Stress Fields Caused by Surface Tractions With a Discrete Convolution and Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm (2001)

The knowledge of contact stresses is critical to the design of a tribological element. It is necessary to keep improving contact models and develop efficient numerical methods for contact studies, particularly for the analysis involving coated bodies with rough surfaces. The fast Fourier Transform technique is likely to play an important role in contact analyses. It has been shown that the accuracy in an algorithm with the fast Fourier Transform is closely related to the convolution theorem employed. The algorithm of the discrete convolution and fast Fourier Transform, named the DC-FFT algorithm includes two routes of problem solving: DC-FFT/Influence coefficients/Green’s function for the cases with known Green’s functions and DC-FFT/Influence coefficient/conversion, if frequency response functions are known. This paper explores the method for the accurate conversion for influence coefficients from frequency response functions, further improves the DC-FFT algorithm, and applies this algorithm to analyze the contact stresses in an elastic body under pressure and shear tractions for high efficiency and accuracy. A set of general formulas of the frequency response function for the elastic field is derived and verified. Application examples are presented and discussed.
Synthetic Methods for the Generation and Preparative Application of Benzyne (2010)

Many methods have been developed for generating benzyne. Convenient and reliable precursors extensively studied so far involve benzenediazonium-2-carboxylate and o-dihalobenzenes such as 1,2-bromofluorobenzene and 1,2-dibromobenzene. Recently, in addition to the above precursors, o-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl triflate has been put into frequent use for benzyne reactions, in which benzyne is efficiently generated under mild conditions using fluoride ion. Furthermore, o-(trimethylsilyl)phenyliodonium triflate has been developed as a more efficient benzyne precursor. This mini-review focusses on recent progress in benzyne chemistry from the viewpoint of organic synthesis. The methods for generating benzynes are classified by the conditions into four categories: basic conditions using strong bases, mild conditions using fluoride ion, thermolysis, and oxidation.
Role of lipid rafts in E-cadherin– and HGF-R/Met–mediated entry of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> into host cells (2004)

Listeria monocytogenes uptake by nonphagocytic cells is promoted by the bacterial invasion proteins internalin and InlB, which bind to their host receptors E-cadherin and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF-R)/Met, respectively. Here, we present evidence that plasma membrane organization in lipid domains is critical for Listeria uptake. Cholesterol depletion by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin reversibly inhibited Listeria entry. Lipid raft markers, such as glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins, a myristoylated and palmitoylated peptide and the ganglioside GM1 were recruited at the bacterial entry site. We analyzed which molecular events require membrane cholesterol and found that the presence of E-cadherin in lipid domains was necessary for initial interaction with internalin to promote bacterial entry. In contrast, the initial interaction of InlB with HGF-R did not require membrane cholesterol, whereas downstream signaling leading to F-actin polymerization was cholesterol dependent. Our work, in addition to documenting for the first time the role of lipid rafts in Listeria entry, provides the first evidence that E-cadherin and HGF-R require lipid domain integrity for their full activity.
Reproduction of Differentially Selected Soybean Cyst Nematode Populations on Soybeans<sup>1</sup> (1982)

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, populations were selected on seven soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr .] lines in SCN race 4 infested soil from three fields. This was done to isolate any populations within SCN race 4 field populations which could reproduce successfully on soybean lines with SCN race 4 resistance. The populations were selected by growing the soybean lines in infested soil for 30 days, collecting the SCN females from the plant roots, and using the females as inoculum for the next cycle of selection. After 7 and 11 generations of selection, each soybean line was inoculated with each of the selected SCN populations. The number of SCN females developing on the root system of each soybean line after 30 days was determined. Eleven generations of selection on ‘Bedford’ and PI 88,788 resulted in a large increase in reproduction on these two lines and little reproduction on PI 89,772, PI 90,763, and ‘Peking’. Selection on PI 89,772, PI 90,763, and Peking resulted in a large increase in reproduction on these lines and little reproduction on Bedford and PI 88,788. Evidently, PI 89,772, PI 90,763, and Peking have genes for SCN resistance in common, and they are different than the resistance genes in PI 88,788 and Bedford.
A wearable navigation system for visually impaired users (2012)

i-CREATe 2012 - 6th International Convention on Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology
ATM switch capable of supporting unichannel and multichannel transmission (1996)

A link group is a bundle of channels interconnecting a pair of nodes. The author presents an ATM switch design which allows both unichannel and multichannel connections to be carried on each link group simultaneously. For a unichannel connection, all cells are to be transported over the same channel of a link group. In contrast, cells belonging to a multichannel connection are allowed to be transported over different channels of the same link group. There are many ways to split the multichannel traffic, and to determine the sequence of transmission for cells arriving at the switch simultaneously, depending on the channel allocation scheme used. The paper compares the complexity and performance of three different channel allocation schemes, and a companion paper describes a channel allocation network based on the scheme which gives the best compromise between complexity and performance.
„Widerstand“ sinnvoll? – Stellungnahme zum Gesetzesentwurf zur Änderung des § 113 StGB (Widerstand gegen Vollstreckungsbeamte) (2011)

NK Neue Kriminalpolitik , Seite 2 - 4
Influence of Reinforcement Content and Diameter on the R‐Curve Response in SiC‐Whisker‐Reinforced Alumina (1996)

Experimental studies were conducted to examine the fracture resistance or R ‐curve response of fine‐grained (1 to 2 μm grain size) alumina‐based composites reinforced with SiC whiskers. A precracked applied moment double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen was employed where initial crack lengths of ≥50 μm were attained by back‐cutting the crack tip wake region. For a given crack length, the results show that the fracture resistance is shifted upward with whisker content in composites reinforced with 0.8 μm diameter SiC whiskers for all crack lengths ≥50 μm. When the whisker content is fixed at 20 vol% but the whisker size is varied, measurements show that the R ‐curve response increases with the average diameter of the whiskers for all crack lengths ≥100 μm. These experimental results are consistent with analytical descriptions of the R ‐curve contribution for frictional bridging and pullout processes. The frictional bridging component, involving the displacement within an intact but partially debonded bridging whisker, reflects the significant radial compressive stresses acting on the interface due to the larger thermal contraction of the matrix. Because of the large tensile or bending stresses imposed on the whisker during crack opening, frictional bridging is limited to the region immediately behind the crack tip. Pullout of such bridging whiskers can occur when they fracture or separate from the matrix away from the crack; this can occur close to the crack tip but should become more dominant with increasing distance behind the crack tip. Observations of crack wake zones support these conclusions. Both the experimental results and the constitutive models suggest approaches to tailor the R ‐curve response of ceramics reinforced by discontinuous fibers (e.g., whiskers or elongated grains).
Type I and Type II Interferon Coordinately Regulate Suppressive Dendritic Cell Fate and Function during Viral Persistence (2016)

Persistent viral infections are simultaneously associated with chronic inflammation and highly potent immunosuppressive programs mediated by IL-10 and PDL1 that attenuate antiviral T cell responses. Inhibiting these suppressive signals enhances T cell function to control persistent infection; yet, the underlying signals and mechanisms that program immunosuppressive cell fates and functions are not well understood. Herein, we use lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection (LCMV) to demonstrate that the induction and functional programming of immunosuppressive dendritic cells (DCs) during viral persistence are separable mechanisms programmed by factors primarily considered pro-inflammatory. IFNγ first induces the de novo development of naive monocytes into DCs with immunosuppressive potential. Type I interferon (IFN-I) then directly targets these newly generated DCs to program their potent T cell immunosuppressive functions while simultaneously inhibiting conventional DCs with T cell stimulating capacity. These mechanisms of monocyte conversion are constant throughout persistent infection, establishing a system to continuously interpret and shape the immunologic environment. MyD88 signaling was required for the differentiation of suppressive DCs, whereas inhibition of stimulatory DCs was dependent on MAVS signaling, demonstrating a bifurcation in the pathogen recognition pathways that promote distinct elements of IFN-I mediated immunosuppression. Further, a similar suppressive DC origin and differentiation was also observed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, HIV infection and cancer. Ultimately, targeting the underlying mechanisms that induce immunosuppression could simultaneously prevent multiple suppressive signals to further restore T cell function and control persistent infections.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Two Cu-Cr-Nb Alloys and NARloy-Z (1996)

A series of creep tests were conducted on Cu-8 Cr-4 Nb (Cu-8 at.% Cr-4 at.% Nb), Cu-4 Cr-2 Nb (Cu-4 at.% Cr-2 at% Nb), and NARloy-Z (Cu-3 wt.% Ag-0.5 wt.% Zr) samples to determine their creep properties. In addition, a limited number of low cycle fatigue and thermal conductivity tests were conducted. The Cu-Cr-Nb alloys showed a clear advantage in creep life and sustainable load over the currently used NARloy-Z. Increases in life at a given stress were between 100% and 250% greater for the Cu-Cr-Nb alloys depending on the stress and temperature. For a given life, the Cu-Cr-Nb alloys could support a stress between 60% and 160% greater than NARloy-Z. Low cycle fatigue lives of the Cu-8 Cr-4 Nb alloy were equivalent to NARloy-Z at room temperature. At elevated temperatures (538 C and 650 C), the fatigue lives were 50% to 200% longer than NARloy-Z samples tested at 538 C. The thermal conductivities of the Cu-Cr-Nb alloys remained high, but were lower than NARloy-Z and pure Cu. The Cu-Cr-Nb thermal conductivities were between 72% and 96% that of pure Cu with the Cu-4 Cr-2 Nb alloy having a significant advantage in thermal conductivity over Cu-8 Cr4 Nb. In comparison, stainless steels with equivalent strengths would have thermal conductivities less than 25% the thermal conductivity of pure Cu. The combined results indicate that the Cu-Cr-Nb alloys offer an attractive alternative to current high temperature Cu-based alloys such as NARloy-Z.
Neuronal Cell Shape and Neurite Initiation Are Regulated by the Ndr Kinase SAX-1, a Member of the Orb6/COT-1/Warts Serine/Threonine Kinase Family (2000)

The Caenorhabditis elegans sax-1 gene regulates several aspects of neuronal cell shape. sax-1 mutants have expanded cell bodies and ectopic neurites in many classes of neurons, suggesting that SAX-1 functions to restrict cell and neurite growth. The ectopic neurites in sensory neurons of sax-1 mutants resemble the defects caused by decreased sensory activity. However, the activity-dependent pathway, mediated in part by the UNC-43 calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, functions in parallel with SAX-1 to suppress neurite initiation. sax-1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase in the Ndr family that is related to the Orb6 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), Warts/Lats (Drosophila), and COT-1 (Neurospora) kinases that function in cell shape regulation. These kinases have similarity to Rho kinases but lack consensus Rho-binding domains. Dominant negative mutations in the C. elegans RhoA GTPase cause neuronal cell shape defects similar to those of sax-1 mutants, and genetic interactions between rhoA and sax-1 suggest shared functions. These results suggest that SAX-1/Ndr kinases are endogenous inhibitors of neurite initiation and cell spreading.
Enhancing Emotional, Social, and Academic Learning With Heart Rhythm Coherence Feedback (2005)

Heart rhythm coherence biofeedback is an exciting new technology that has broad-based applications in educational contexts for improving emotional, social, and academic competencies. Using this technology to facilitate the learning and practice of positive emotion-focused techniques, students learn to enter a state of psychophysiological coherence—a highly efficient functional mode associated with increased nervous system harmony, enhanced emotional stability, and improved cognitive performance. Classroom-based programs incorporating this intervention have facilitated improvements in emotional health, social behaviors, and academic performance in diverse student populations. With the passage of the federal No Child Left Behind legislation, increasing student academic performance has risen to the top of both local and national education agendas. However, even as pressures to improve academic performance continue to increase, children are increasingly coming to school emotionally unprepared to learn. This is frequently compounded by the lack of a healthy social and emotional environment within the school to support, motivate, and emotionally engage students. As research has begun to illuminate the important connections between emotions, learning, and performance, it has become apparent that effective classroom-based interventions are needed to foster and integrate children’s emotional, social, and academic development in order to provide them with tools and skills needed to increase selfawareness and emotional self-management; promote effective communication; practice healthy, responsible behaviors; and build functional, collaborative relationships. Heart rhythm coherence biofeedback is increasingly being used in school settings as an engaging and effective tool to help achieve these ends.
Adoption of environmental innovations: Analysis from the Waipara wine industry (2013)

The Greening Waipara Project developed and introduced a number of ecologically and environmentally-focused practices to the Waipara vineyards and wineries of North Canterbury, New Zealand. This paper describes the practices that were introduced to the Waipara wine industry as part of the Greening Waipara Project and evaluates the adoption of these environmental innovations by wine businesses. In addition, this paper examines the sustainability of these practices in terms of business costs and benefits. Data for the evaluation was obtained from a survey of vineyards and wineries in the Waipara region. Results reveal that adoption of the environmental innovations is relatively low and varies across wine growing properties. Furthermore, the costs associated with the innovations tend to outweigh the benefits gained by the businesses.
[Prevalence and management of pain in a hospital: a cross-sectional study]. (2001)

Regular and simple indications, specifically the number of patients complaining of pain who have not been given an antalgesic, would provide the health care team with a measurement of pain management useful for assessing its impact and improving patient care.