gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GADD45a physically and functionally interacts with TET1 (2015)

DNA demethylation plays a central role during development and in adult physiology. Different mechanisms of active DNA demethylation have been established. For example, Growth Arrest and DNA Damage 45-(GADD45) and Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET) proteins act in active DNA demethylation but their functional relationship is unresolved. Here we show that GADD45a physically interacts--and functionally cooperates with TET1 in methylcytosine (mC) processing. In reporter demethylation GADD45a requires endogenous TET1 and conversely TET1 requires GADD45a. On GADD45a target genes TET1 hyperinduces 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) in the presence of GADD45a, while 5-formyl-(fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (caC) are reduced. Likewise, in global analysis GADD45a positively regulates TET1 mediated mC oxidation and enhances fC/caC removal. Our data suggest a dual function of GADD45a in oxidative DNA demethylation, to promote directly or indirectly TET1 activity and to enhance subsequent fC/caC removal.
The Generation Gap in Literature (1978)

Fonctions de la litterature a travers les siecles: apport positif en tant que contribution a la resolution de problemes de civilisation, et preuve de la constance ou non-unicite de ces difficultes. De l'illustration des conflits de generations a travers tous les âges: des lecons de l'Ancien et Nouveau Testament Absalom and Achitophel de J. Dryden jusqu'a nos jours: All my Sons d'A. Miller en passant par Ovide, et Shakespeare: King Lear, Othello.
Contrastive analysis of orthopaedic disease spectrum in 303 fighter pilots (2008)

Objective To study the changes of orthopaedic disease spectrum in fighter pilots.Methods Three hundred and three pilots were checked by computer radiography, CT or MRI in their spine. The pilots were divided into 3 groups according to fighter types. The disease spectrum of orthopaedics was analysed in 303 fighter pilots. Results The first 10 diagnoses in disease spectrum of 303 pilots were intervertebral disc hernia, bilateral spondylolysis of lumbar vertebra, sacroschysis,meniscus injuries, tendon injuries or broken, osteoarthritis, lumbar muscle injuries, fractures,schmorl nodes and lumbar compression changes. The differences of orthopaedic disease spectrum among 3 fighter pilot groups were non-significant (x2=0. 202～2. 115, P>0.05). Conclusion The disease spectrum of orthopaedics in 303 fighter pilots is mainly in spinal and sports system. To analyse the cause of the changes may improve the quality of aviation medical service.

Key words: 
Bone diseases;  Intervertebral disk displacement;  Data interpretation, statistical; Cohort studies
Pulse Wave Velocity as a Measure of Blood Pressure Change (1976)

ABSTRACT The use of arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a continuous measure of blood pressure changes is outlined. Theoretical considerations indicate that changes in PWV reflect changes in blood pressure, and an experiment was carried out to assess this relationship. PWV along an arm artery was monitored in 26 subjects at a time when the arterial distending pressure of the limb was altered over a wide range by means of externally applied positive and negative pressures. The results show that changes in PWV reliably follow changes in blood pressure. This method can be considered suitable for studies requiring changes rather than absolute values of blood pressure.
Mechanism for Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-α Activator-induced Up-regulation of UCP2 mRNA in Rodent Hepatocytes (2002)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha)activators, fish oil feeding, or fibrate administration up-regulated mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP2) mRNA expression in mouse liver by 5-9-fold, whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) also up-regulated UCP2 in liver. In this study, the mechanisms for PPARalpha activators-induced up-regulation of UCP2 mRNA, related to TNFalpha and reactive oxygen species (ROS), were investigated. PPARalpha activators-induced UCP2 up-regulation in mouse/rat liver tissues was due to their increases in hepatocytes but not in non-parenchymal cells. Addition of PPARalpha activators, WY14,643 or fenofibrate, to cultured hepatocytes up-regulated UCP2 mRNA by 5-10-fold. PPARalpha activators-induced up-regulation of UCP2 mRNA was not due to increased mRNA stability and required cycloheximide-sensitive short term turnover protein(s). However, expression of PPARalpha/retinoid X receptor-alpha and PGC-1 was not rate-limiting for WY14,643-induced UCP2 up-regulation. In primary hepatocytes, an exogenous oxidant, tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (TBHP), which increased ROS production, up-regulated UCP2 mRNA, whereas WY14,643 treatment did not produce detectable ROS under the condition that fibrate markedly up-regulated UCP2. In in vivo studies, PPARalpha activators moderately up-regulated TNFalpha mRNA expression in mouse liver. An anti-oxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ammonium salt injection completely prevented their TNFalpha mRNA increases but did not prevent most of their UCP2 mRNA increases. These data indicate that PPARalpha activators up-regulate UCP2 expression in hepatocytes through unknown proteins by increased transcription, and neither ROS nor TNFalpha production are the major causes for PPARalpha activators-induced UCP2 up-regulation.
Overcoming Insulin Insufficiency by Forced Follistatin Expression in β -cells of db/db Mice (2015)

Diabetes poses a substantial burden to society as it can lead to serious complications and premature death. The number of cases continues to increase worldwide. Two major causes of diabetes are insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency. Currently, there are few antidiabetic drugs available that can preserve or protect β-cell function to overcome insulin insufficiency in diabetes. We describe a therapeutic strategy to preserve β-cell function by overexpression of follistatin (FST) using an AAV vector (AAV8-Ins-FST) in diabetic mouse model. Overexpression of FST in the pancreas of db/db mouse increased β-cell islet mass, decreased fasting glucose level, alleviated diabetic symptoms, and essentially doubled lifespan of the treated mice. The observed islet enlargement was attributed to β-cell proliferation as a result of bioneutralization of myostatin and activin by FST. Overall, our study indicates overexpression of FST in the diabetic pancreas preserves β-cell function by promoting β-cell proliferation, opening up a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of diabetes.
Oxide chemistry and thermodynamics of molten lithium fluoride-beryllium fluoride solutions (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxide chemistry and thermodynamics of molten lithium fluoride-beryllium fluoride solutionsA. L. Mathews and Charles F. Baes Jr.Cite this: Inorg. Chem. 1968, 7, 2, 373–382Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50060a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50060a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views373Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Achieving nanometer-scale, controllable pattern shifts in x-ray lithography using an assembly-tilting technique (2002)

In x-ray lithography the finite gap between the mask and substrate, and the highly directional nature of the short wavelength radiation, enable one to shift the entire mask image by tilting the mask–substrate assembly relative to the axis of illumination. The amount of image shift depends on the mask–substrate gap and the tilt angle, and it can be calculated by simple geometry. The shift can be into any azimuthal direction. The experimental results are consistent with the calculated shift. In our experiments we typically used gaps of 3 μm and tilts of 5.7° (0.1 rad) to achieve a shift of the order of 300 nm. There are a number of advantages and new lithography features that can be accessed using the assembly-tilting technique. For example, various double-exposure schemes, some of which are designed to achieve extremely fine lines or unique patterns, are easily accomplished by the assembly-tilting technique. Moreover, if a mask and substrate contain appropriate alignment marks, viewed optically at normal incidence, and a small misalignment is measured, this can be corrected by tilting the entire assembly rather than by moving the mask relative to the substrate.
Physical-chemical requirements for the catalysis of substrates by lysosomal phospholipase A1. (1983)

The catalytic properties of a 1440-fold purified preparation of lysosomal phospholipase A1 were examined. The preparation was at least 95% specific for the sn-1 position of neat phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The apparent specificity of the enzyme toward substrates was affected by three factors: the physical arrangement of molecules in the substrate aggregate, the charge on the lipid-water interface and the chemical structure of the substrate as it relates to the active site of the enzyme. Of various phospholipids tested in the absence of detergent PE was the preferred substrate, phosphatidylcholine (PC) was hydrolyzed at one-fifth the rate of PE, while phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) were degraded very slowly. Triton WR1339 stimulated the hydrolysis of PC, PI, PS, and PG but inhibited the hydrolysis of PE, with PG the preferred substrate at a 6:1 Triton/phospholipid ratio. The preference for PC over PE in detergent mixtures was attributed to the active site fit of the chemical structures of the substrate molecules. The enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed neat PE containing palmitic and oleic acids at position 1. A negative surface charge was required for the hydrolysis of PC and PE. Ca2+ stimulated the hydrolysis of PI, PS, and PG but inhibited the hydrolysis of PE. The inhibition of PE hydrolysis by Ca2+ was the result of an alteration in the surface charge of the PE vesicle. Chromatography of phospholipase A1 on concanavalin A-Sepharose resulted in a loss of activity toward acidic phospholipids which could be restored with Ca2+. Plasmalogen PE was found to inhibit the hydrolysis of diacyl-PE at the level of interfacial binding but not by competition for the active site of the enzyme. These results suggest that the hexagonal structure of PE represents a preferred physical form for catalysis by phospholipase A1, while the bilayer form is less readily attacked. Dispersion of the substrate in the inert detergent enhanced the activity of those substrates normally forming bilayer structures. We demonstrate the importance of the "quality of interface" in regulating the activity of the enzyme.
Catabolite inactivation of the galactose transporter in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: ubiquitination, endocytosis, and degradation in the vacuole (1997)

When Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells growing on galactose are transferred onto glucose medium containing cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, a rapid reduction of Gal2p-mediated galactose uptake is observed. We show that glucose-induced inactivation of Gal2p is due to its degradation. Stabilization of Gal2p in pra1 mutant cells devoid of vacuolar proteinase activity is observed. Subcellular fractionation and indirect immunofluorescence showed that the Gal2 transporter accumulates in the vacuole of the mutant cells, directly demonstrating that its degradation requires vacuolar proteolysis. In contrast, Gal2p degradation is proteasome independent since its half-life is unaffected in pre1-1 pre2-2, cim3-1, and cim5-1 mutants defective in several subunits of the protease complex. In addition, vacuolar delivery of Gal2p was shown to be blocked in conditional end3 and end4 mutants at the nonpermissive temperature, indicating that delivery of Gal2p to the vacuole occurs via the endocytic pathway. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that glucose-induced proteolysis of Gal2p is dependent on endocytosis and vacuolar proteolysis and is independent of the functional proteasome. Moreover, we show that Gal2p is ubiquitinated under conditions of glucose-induced inactivation.
An expert system for reactive power control of a distribution system. I. System configuration (1992)

An expert system configuration is developed which can be used as a money saving online controller in cooperation with the input/output interface unit. It also can be used in the distribution system planning stage. The proposed optimum reactive power compensation (ORPC) expert system utilizes the human experts (HE) heuristics rules as well as the technical literature expertise (TLE) such as algorithms and formulae to build the knowledge base of the system. The distribution system component data and network topography are stored in the database. The distribution system voltage profile is kept within the desired limits by proper choice of both shunt capacitors and voltage regulators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Momentum and Mass Transfer in a Submerged Water Jet (1955)

Abstract For a round water jet issuing into stationary water, momentum and material diffusion were measured, the latter by means of a sodium chloride tracer technique. It was found that (a) the behavior of the water jet was the same as that found by others for an air jet issuing into air, and hence constants obtained from measurements in air can be applied to water; (b) the turbulent Schmidt number for water is approximately the same as the turbulent Schmidt number for air and about equal to the turbulent Prandtl number for air jets; and (c) the error curve serves as a useful and satisfactory representation of diffusion profiles for water just as it does for air.
Realization of high coupling coefficients in 1.53 μm InGaAsP/InP first-order quarter-wave shifted distributed feedback lasers (1990)

Coupling coefficients as high as 300 cm−1 have been achieved and investigated in the performance of distributed feedback lasers. High coupling has several important advantages like lower feedback sensitivity, and lower influence on facet reflectivity, thus easy handling for coatings without any penalty in terms of mode hopping. We obtain a side-mode suppression ratio as high as 51.2 dB. 8 Gb/s ‘‘nonreturn to zero’’ modulation is demonstrated.
TEORIA ECONÔMICA E POLÍTICAS NA GLOBALIZAÇÃO (2018)

Esse presente artigo realizou uma revisao de literatura sobre a teoria economica e as politicas em um contexto globalizado. A globalizacao e um amplo conjunto de processos relativos a varias redes de intercâmbio economico, politico e cultural. A globalizacao economica contemporânea e impulsionada pela rapida crescente importância da informacao em todos os tipos de atividades produtivas e mercantilizacao, e pela evolucao da ciencia e tecnologia. Concluiu-se que de acordo com a teoria economica de Keynes o sistema capitalista e incapaz de empregar todos os que querem trabalhar assim ele defende a intervencao do Estado na economia. A teoria de Keynes apregoa que e dever do Estado a concessao de beneficios sociais, a criacao de um salario-minimo, de um seguro-desemprego, da reducao da jornada de trabalho, bem como a concessao de assistencia de graca. Os pressupostos de um Estado de bem-estar social foi a base do estabelecimento da Carta Magna de 1988.
Abstract CT039: Cyclin E1 (<i>CCNE1)</i> expression associates with benefit from palbociclib in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in the PALOMA3 trial (2018)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in combination with fulvestrant (F) improved progression-free survival (PFS) vs F alone in previously-treated MBC. Prior pre-clinical research, and the NeoPalAna window study, identified high CCNE1 expression as a potential palbociclib resistance marker. We conducted large panel gene expression analysis of baseline tumor tissue to identify biomarkers (BMs) that predicted the relative benefit of palbociclib. METHODS: The PALOMA3 trial randomized 521 patients (pts) with endocrine-pretreated MBC to receive palbociclib + F or placebo (PBO) + F. All pts, except bone only or early relapse, provided FFPE tissue taken from recurrent disease. EdgeSeq Oncology BM Panel (HTG Molecular Diagnostics) was used for mRNA profiling, assessing 2534 cancer related genes. Primary objective was to evaluate the association of cell cycle pathway with palbociclib + F vs F alone treatment effect by using gene expression as a continuous variable or dichotomization by median level with Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: 302 pts had tumor tissue analyzed (194/347 [56%] palbociclib + F; 108/174 [62%] PBO+F). The BM and overall populations had similar treatment effect. Benefit from palbociclib was greater in patients with low tumor CCNE1 expression (median PFS: palbociclib + F 14.1 mo vs PBO+F 4.8 mo, HR 0.32) than high tumor CCNE1 expression (palbociclib + F 7.6 mo vs PBO+F 4.0 mo; HR 0.85) (interaction p=0.0024). Similar results were observed with CCNE1 as a continuous variable (interaction p=0.0008). Expression levels of CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 and RB1 did not associate with benefit from palbociclib, and both luminal A and B tumors derived benefit from palbociclib. In exploratory analysis, high E2F-regulon expression predicted for relative resistance to palbociclib. CONCLUSION: Higher expression of CCNE1 was associated with relative resistance to palbociclib, although all biomarker groups derived benefit from treatment. This data supports CDK2 as the key bypass kinase of CDK4/6 inhibition, and potential to target CDK2 to subvert resistance. Sponsor: Pfizer Citation Format: Nicholas C. Turner, Yuan Liu, Zhou Zhu, Sherene Loi, Marco Colleoni, Sibylle Loibl, Angela DeMichele, Nadia Harbeck, Fabrice André, Zhe Zhang, Carla Giorgetti, Cynthia Huang Bartlett, Massimo Cristofanilli. Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) expression associates with benefit from palbociclib in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in the PALOMA3 trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT039.
PRIMARY TRISOMICS OF RICE: ORIGIN, MORPHOLOGY, CYTOLOGY AND USE IN LINKAGE MAPPING (1984)

Twelve primary trisomics of Oryza sativa L. were isolated from the progenies of spontaneous triploids and were transferred by backcrossing to the genetic background of IR36, a widely grown high yielding rice variety. Eleven trisomics can be identified morphologically from one another and from diploids. However, triplo 11 is difficult to distinguish from diploid sibs.-The extra chromosome of each trisomic was identified cytologically at pachytene stage of meiosis, and the chromosomes were numbered according to their length at this stage. The major distinguishing features of each pachytene chromosome were redescribed.-The female transmission rates varied from 15.5% for triplo 1, the longest chromosome, to 43.9% for triplo 12, the shortest chromosome. Seven of the 12 primary trisomics transmitted the extra chromosome through the male. The low level of chromosomal imbalance tolerated by rice and other evidence are interpreted to indicate that this species is a basic diploid.-Genetic segregation for 22 marker genes in the trisomic progenies was studied. Of a possible 264 combinations, involving 22 genes and 12 trisomics, 120 were examined. Marker genes for each of the 12 chromosomes were identified. The results helped establish associations between linkage groups and cytologically identifiable chromosomes of rice for the first time. Relationships between various systems of numbering chromosomes, trisomics, linkage groups and marker genes are described, and a revised linkage map of rice is presented.
Development of a Nucleic Acid Extraction Procedure for Simultaneous Recovery of DNA and RNA from Diverse Microbes in Water (2015)

Drinking and environmental water samples contain a diverse array of constituents that can interfere with molecular testing techniques, especially when large volumes of water are concentrated to the small volumes needed for effective molecular analysis. In this study, a suite of enteric viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites were seeded into concentrated source water and finished drinking water samples, in order to investigate the relative performance of nucleic acid extraction techniques for molecular testing. Real-time PCR and reverse transcription-PCR crossing threshold (CT) values were used as the metrics for evaluating relative performance. Experimental results were used to develop a guanidinium isothiocyanate-based lysis buffer (UNEX buffer) that enabled effective simultaneous extraction and recovery of DNA and RNA from the suite of study microbes. Procedures for bead beating, nucleic acid purification, and PCR facilitation were also developed and integrated in the protocol. The final lysis buffer and sample preparation procedure was found to be effective for a panel of drinking water and source water concentrates when compared to commercial nucleic acid extraction kits. The UNEX buffer-based extraction protocol enabled PCR detection of six study microbes, in 100 L finished water samples from four drinking water treatment facilities, within three CT values (i.e., within 90% difference) of the reagent-grade water control. The results from this study indicate that this newly formulated lysis buffer and sample preparation procedure can be useful for standardized molecular testing of drinking and environmental waters.
Studies on steroids. Part 37. Synthesis of the four stereoisomers of 20,22-epoxycholesterol (1976)

All four stereoisomers of 20,22-epoxycholesterol were synthesized from (20E)-cholesta-5,20(22)-dien-3β-ol. The configurational assignments were based on the analogy with the corresponding 5,6-dihydro-derivatives, prepared by stereochemically unequivocal routes.
Oral Protein Delivery: A Patent Review of Academic and Industrial Approaches (2009)

Protein therapeutics are used in the treatment of a broad variety of diseases, however, usually they are not available as peroral formulations. Oral delivery systems of proteins including insulin, glucagon like peptide, calcitonin or parathyroid hormone are highly demanded by patients suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes or osteoporosis. The need for oral protein formulations has been recognized by researchers of various scientific disciplines and a number of patents have been filed that deal with technologies capable of facilitating oral protein delivery. Within the current review, patents based on approaches such as particulate delivery systems, multifunctional polymers, enzyme inhibitors, permeation enhancers and ligand-specific binding and uptake are discussed. In addition, the technology platforms of several innovative drug delivery companies are highlighted.