gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Addressable flat-panel x-ray sources for medical, security, and industrial applications (2012)

Traditional tube-based x-ray sources are widely employed in medical imaging, security screening, and industrial inspection. The cone-beam produced by these tubes is simple to apply, but often demands a long stand-off distance to the object of interest. When combined with the bulk of tubes and their attendant power supplies and cooling systems, the footprint requirement of traditional sources often impedes their use, especially in mobile situations. Here we present an approach to a distributed, flat-panel x-ray source, which eliminates the aforementioned bulk, weight and need for standoff. This source uses spontaneous polarization in pyroelectric crystals to generate high fields and field enhanced emission from micropatterned tips to create a large array of electron beamlets. When combined with a transmission Bremsstrahlung target, a mechanism for raster control of the emitters, and a collimator, this source offers a new and cost effective way to perform stationary and portable imaging. The working principles and performance characteristics of this source are presented. The demands placed on the imaging detector and image processing are also described. Finally, prospects for new promising applications (such as mammography) are mentioned.
Enhanced production and activation of matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (matrilysin) in human endometrial carcinomas (1999)

We examined production and tissue localization of 7 different matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -9 and -13) and 2 tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and -2) in human endometrial-carcinoma tissues.Sandwich enzyme immunoassays showed enhanced production of MMP-7, MMP-8 and MMP-9 as well as TIMP-1 in the carcinoma tissues compared with non-carcinoma endometrial tissues.Among these MMPs, only the amount of MMP-7 correlated with clinicopathological factors of the carcinomas.The level was significantly 6.8-fold higher in the patient group with lymph-node metastases than in that without metastases (p F 0.05), and also increased with the progress of the clinical stage.MMP-7 was immunolocalized predominantly to the carcinoma cells in 73% of the cases, while MMP-8 and MMP-9 were immunostained in the inflammatory cells infiltrated in the carcinoma tissues.Immunoblotting revealed a definite band for the zymogen of MMP-7 (proMMP-7) of 28 kDa in 82% of the carcinoma samples, while only a faint band for proMMP-7 was seen in 57% of the non-carcinoma endometrial samples.Active MMP-7 species of 19 kDa and its activity were demonstrated in the carcinoma samples with proMMP-7 production by immunoblotting and zymography, respectively.RT-PCR using a specific primer pair for MMP-7 demonstrated expression in 86% of the carcinoma tissue and in 57% of the control tissue samples.In situ hybridization showed carcinoma cells selectively expressing MMP-7 mRNA.These data suggest that, among the 7 MMPs examined, MMP-7 may play a key role in invasion and lymph-node metastasis of human endometrial carcinomas.
Alternative method for monitoring the effect of inhibitors on sulfate reduction. (1983)

A radiotracer technique using 35SO4 is presented as an alternative method for testing the efficacity of inhibitors of sulfate-reducing bacteria under environmental conditions. This method is compared with two other conventional techniques for evaluating biocide efficacity by testing microorganism survival. Differences between the methods are described. The radiotracer technique gives a direct measure of the sulfate reduction rate and by using it the effect of inhibitors can be evaluated in situ. This method should be considered when choosing a test for the effects of biocides.
Validation of the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada magnetic resonance imaging spinal inflammation index: Is it necessary to score the entire spine? (2007)

The SPARCC MRI spinal inflammation index performs better when analysis is limited to a maximum of 6 most severely affected levels compared with assessment of the entire spine. This should improve its feasibility in clinical trials and research.
Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the power spectrum of heart rate variability in post-myocardial infarction patients. (1998)

Quinapril, lisinopril and captopril improved frequency domain HRV indices related to vagal tone, whereas cilazapril and enalapril had no effect on these indices. This influence of some ACE inhibitors on HRV may be beneficial in reducing the risk for sudden death in post-myocardial infarction patients.
Augmentation Mentoplasty with Diced High-Density Porous Polyethylene (2007)

Diced high-density porous polyethylene in augmentation mentoplasty is cheap, easy to insert, and moldable by external massage, and has flexibility in conforming to the shape of the mandible. It also avoids all the disadvantages of monobloc implants, allowing postoperative ingrowth of fibrous tissues, precluding late displacement, and giving a natural feel to the reconstructed area.
Halogen and Mercury Lamp Annealing of Cd‐Implanted GaAs (1989)

Capless annealing of Cd‐implanted was performed using a halogen and a mercury lamp, which emit infrared and ultraviolet rays, respectively. Sheet carrier concentrations depended on annealing time and the lamps. At the beginning of annealing, the implanted Cd was lost to a greater extent on the samples annealed by the mercury lamp than on the samples annealed by the halogen lamp. surfaces decomposed during prolonged annealing using both lamps. The carrier concentration with annealing was suppressed by the thermal decomposition of .
Predictors of the Onset of Hemodynamic Decompensation During Progressive Central Hypovolemia (2015)

Consistent with previous research, the CRI had superior discriminative ability to predict the onset of hemodynamic decompensation. For those patients at greatest risk for developing impending circulatory shock, identifying the most sensitive and specific measures of the onset of hemodynamic decompensation is critical for both the early recognition and implementation of life-saving interventions.
A 470&#x03BC;W clock-free current-controlled class D amplifier with 0.02% THD&#x002B;N and 82dB PSRR (2010)

This paper presents a clock-free current-controlled class D audio power amplifier. The proposed audio amplifier is based on integral sliding mode control (ISMC) to ensure system robustness and to provide zero steady-state error. The proposed audio amplifier's hysteretic controller obviates the traditionally challenging triangle-wave carrier signal design task for pulse-width modulation (PWM). The IC prototype consumes at least 30% less static power than previously reported works and delivers 250mW of output power with 84% efficiency. The class D amplifier achieves up to 82dB of power supply rejection ratio (PSRR), more than 95dB of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over the entire audio band, and 0.02% of total harmonic distortion plus noise (THD+N). The audio amplifier was fabricated in 0.5μm CMOS standard technology, operates at 380kHz, and occupies 1.65mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
PKC‐β and PKC‐ζ mediate opposing effects on proximal tubule Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase activity (1999)

Dopamine (DA) inhibits rodent proximal tubule Na+,K+-ATPase via stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC). However, direct stimulation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) results in increased Na+,K+-ATPase. LY333531, a specific inhibitor of the PKC-beta isoform, prevents PMA-dependent activation of Na+,K+-ATPase, but has no effect on DA inhibition of this activity. A similar result was obtained with a PKC-beta inhibitor peptide. Concentrations of staurosporine, that inhibits PKC-zeta, prevent DA-dependent inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase and a similar effect was obtained with a PKC-zeta inhibitor peptide. Thus, PMA-dependent stimulation of Na+,K+-ATPase is mediated by activation of PKC-beta, whereas inhibition by DA requires activation of PKC-zeta.
Purchasing and supply management : text and cases (1996)

A comprehensive text which balances theory and practice and integrates purchasing and supply management with other key business functions.
Brown Adipose Tissue and Its Uncoupling Protein in Chronically Hypoxic Rats (1997)

1. Hypoxia is known to decrease thermogenesis. We set out to determine whether this is accompanied by alterations in the brown adipose tissue, which is a major source of non-shivering thermogenesis. 2. Measurements were performed on 25- and 64-day-old rats, after 4 days of hypoxia (10% inspired O2), and on approximately 3.5-month-old rats in hypobaric hypoxia since birth, at an ambient temperature of 25 degrees C. 3. All hypoxic rats had higher haematocrit and lower body mass than corresponding controls. 4. In the 25-day-old rats, hypoxia had minimal and non significant effects on brown adipose tissue mass, proteins and DNA concentration. The content of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein thermogenin, evaluated by immunoblot after electrophoretic separation, relative to the cytoskeleton actin (UCP/Act), was not significantly altered. 5. In 25-day-old rats exposed for 4 days to cold (ambient temperature = 7-9 degrees C), brown adipose tissue was hyperplastic, with increased UCP/Act; hypoxia did not appreciably alter the response to cold. 6. In the 2-month-old rats, after 4 days of hypoxia UCP/Act was reduced to about 40% of control. 7. In the 3.5-month-old rats maintained in hypoxia since birth, brown adipose tissue mass was reduced in proportion to body mass, with little effect on total proteins and DNA; UCP/Act was decreased to about 50% of control. 8. We conclude that chronic hypoxia had a minimal effect on brown adipose tissue total proteins and DNA content. However, the uncoupling protein content can be greatly reduced, depending upon age and duration of hypoxia.
Measuring social integration and tie strength with smartphone and survey data (2018)

Recordings of smartphone use for contacts are increasingly being used as alternative or supplementary measurement methods for social interactions and social relations in the health sciences. Less work has been done to understand how these measures compare with widely used survey-based information. Using data from the Copenhagen Network Study, we investigated whether derived survey and smartphone measures on two widely studied concepts; Social integration and Tie strength were associated. The study population included 737 college students (mean age 21.6 years, Standard deviation: 2.6), who were followed with surveys and continuous recordings of smartphone usage over a one-month period. We derived self-reported and smartphone measures of social integration (social role diversity, social network size), and tie strength (contact frequency, duration and tie reciprocity). Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between smartphone derived and self-reported measures adjusting for gender, age and co-habitation. Larger call and text message networks were associated with having a high self-reported social role diversity, and a high self-reported social contact frequency was likewise associated with having both frequent call and text message interactions, longer call duration and a higher level of reciprocity in call and text message communication. Self-reported aspects of social relations and smartphone measures of social interactions have considerable overlap supporting a measurement of similar underlying concepts.
Bladder Pain: The Patient Perspective (2017)

Patients with chronic pain, discomfort and other urinary symptoms related to bladder pain syndrome or urinary tract infections may experience severely diminished quality of life and psychological and social problems, including depression, anxiety, and a sense of helplessness and hopelessness. These patients require empathy, understanding and practical support to allow them to cope with their chronic bladder disorder.
Transmission of Cervical Cancer-Associated Human Papilloma Viruses from Mother to Child (1998)

There is now compelling evidence that persistent infection with certain types of human genital papillomaviruses (HPV) may, after many years, lead to cervical cancer. However, HPV have been detected in asymptomatic women, infants and children. Several studies have demonstrated that infants can acquire high-risk HPV infections from their mothers at birth. Thus, the traditional view that cervical-cancer associated HPV infections are primarily sexually transmitted needs to be re-assessed. Accordingly, the role of mother to child transmission of cancer-associated HPVs may need to be investigated further. These facts are pertinent to those developing prophylactic vaccines to prevent high-risk HPV infections and cervical carcinoma.
Live Oral Typhoid Vaccine Ty21a Induces Cross-Reactive Humoral Immune Responses against Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A and<i>S</i>. Paratyphi B in Humans (2012)

Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A infection has emerged as an important public health problem. Recognizing that in randomized controlled field trials oral immunization with attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhi live vaccine Ty21a conferred significant cross-protection against S. Paratyphi B but not S. Paratyphi A disease, we undertook a clinical study to ascertain whether humoral immune responses could explain the field trial results. Ty21a immunization of adult residents of Maryland elicited predominantly IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASC) that recognize S. Typhi lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cross-reactivity to S. Paratyphi A LPS was significantly lower than that to S. Paratyphi B LPS. ASC producing IgG and IgA that bind LPS from each of these Salmonella serovars expressed CD27 and integrin α4β7 (gut homing), with a significant proportion coexpressing CD62L (secondary lymphoid tissue homing). No significant differences were observed in serum antibody against LPS of the different serovars. Levels of IgA B memory (B(M)) cells to S. Typhi LPS were significantly higher than those against S. Paratyphi A or B LPS, with no differences observed between S. Paratyphi A and B. The response of IgA B(M) to outer membrane proteins (OMP) from S. Typhi was significantly stronger than that to OMP of S. Paratyphi A but similar to that to OMP of S. Paratyphi B. The percentages of IgG or IgA B(M) responders to LPS or OMP from these Salmonella strains were similar. Whereas cross-reactive humoral immune responses to S. Paratyphi A or B antigens are demonstrable following Ty21a immunization, they cannot explain the efficacy data gleaned from controlled field trials.
L1 and L2 vocabulary glosses in L2 reading passages: Their effectiveness for increasing comprehension and vocabulary knowledge (1994)

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of vocabulary glossing on recall and vocabulary learning, as well as learners’ preferences as to glossing. Eighty‐five native speakers of English studying Spanish at the university level participated. Participants read a Spanish text under one of three treatment conditions: no gloss, English glosses, or Spanish glosses. They then were asked to write what they recalled of the passage, translate a list of the glossed vocabulary, and complete a questionnaire. The translation task was repeated four weeks later. Results showed that glossing did not significantly affect recall for the participants overall, but that those with higher than average proficiency recalled more if they had read a glossed version of the text. Those who had glosses outperformed their peers on the translation task administered immediately after they had read the text. However, this difference disappeared on the retest. Participants expressed preference for glosses, wished that they be located in the margin, and favoured Spanish glosses if they were comprehensible.
Analytical versus voxelized phantom representation for Monte Carlo simulation in radiological imaging (2000)

Monte Carlo simulations in nuclear medicine, with accurately modeled photon transport and high-quality random number generators, require precisely defined and often detailed phantoms as an important component in the simulation process. Contemporary simulation models predominantly employ voxel-driven algorithms, but analytical models offer important advantages. We discuss the implementation of ray-solid intersection algorithms in analytical superquadric-based complex phantoms with additional speed-up rejection testing for use in nuclear medicine imaging simulations, and we make comparisons with voxelized counterparts. Comparisons are made with well-known cold rod:sphere and anthropomorphic phantoms. For these complex phantoms, the analytical phantom representations are nominally several orders of magnitude smaller in memory requirements than are voxelized versions. Analytical phantoms facilitate constant distribution parameters. As a consequence of discretizing a continuous surface into finite bins, for example, time-dependent voxelized phantoms can have difficulties preserving accurate volumes of a beating heart. Although virtually no inaccuracy is associated with path calculations in analytical phantoms, the discretization can negatively impact the simulation process and results. Discretization errors are apparent in reconstructed images of cold rod:sphere voxel-based phantoms because of a redistribution of the count densities in the simulated objects. These problems are entirely avoided in analytical phantoms. Voxelized phantoms can accurately model detailed human shapes based on segmented computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, but analytical phantoms offer advantages in time and accuracy for evaluation and investigation of imaging physics and reconstruction algorithms in a straightforward and efficient manner.
Synthese von <i>erythro</i>‐Sphingosinen über die Azidoderivate (1988)

Abstract Aus D‐Galactose und D‐Xylose wurden in zwei Stufen die 2,4‐ O ‐geschützten D‐Threosen 3a bzw. 3b erhalten, die durch Wittig‐Reaktion in Anwesenheit von überschüssigem Lithiumbromid die Trans ‐Entriole 4aA, 4aB und 4bA liefern. Triflat‐Aktivierung der freien 2‐Hydroxygruppe, Azideinführung und Abspaltung der O ‐Schutzgruppe führte zu den Azidosphingosinen 6A,B die durch Azidreduktion in die D‐ erythro ‐Sphingosine 7A,B übergeführt wurden. Für die Glycosphingolipidsynthese durch Azidosphingosin‐Glycosylierung wurden aus Verbindung 6A durch 1‐ O ‐Tritylierung, 3‐ O ‐Schutzgruppeneinführung und anschließende 1– O ‐Detritylierung die 3‐ O ‐geschützten Azidosphingosine 11 α‐ 11 γ hergestellt.
Smart MUSIC algorithm forDOA estimation (1997)

The multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm has been considered to be the most effective for direction-of-arrival estimation. However, MUSIC requires considerable computation. To reduce this computational load to the extent that the sensor array system may follow rapid changes in the radio environment, the author proposes the smart MUSIC (SMUSIC) algorithm. In SMUSIC, the only requirements are the calculation of a few basis vectors and calculation of just one vector orthogonal to basis vectors. The superior characteristics of SMUSIC's reduced processing time and high resolution are simulated numerically.
Receptor‐mediated clearance of factor VIII: implications for pharmacokinetic studies in individuals with haemophilia (2006)

Summary The present review discusses the current concept of receptor‐mediated clearance of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) from the circulation in vivo , which is one of the mechanisms regulating FVIII level in plasma. Several lines of experimental evidence suggest that two receptors from the low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family, low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein (LRP) and LDL receptor (LDLR), cooperate in this process. Administration of receptor‐associated protein, a classical antagonist of these receptors, leads to prolongation of FVIII half‐life in mice. The elevation of FVIII level and prolongation of its mean residence time, recorded in genetically LRP‐deficient mice, directly confirm the physiological role of LRP in mediating clearance of FVIII. Mice with combined LRP and LDLR deficiency show a further increase of FVIII levels and more impressive, approximately fivefold, prolongation of FVIII residence time in the circulation. Receptor‐mediated clearance of FVIII is facilitated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans of extracellular matrix, which provide the initial binding of FVIII to the cell surface. We discuss the mapping of the major high‐affinity LRP‐binding sites to the regions 484–509 and 1811–1818 of A2 and A3 domains of FVIII respectively; LDLR‐binding sites are yet to be identified. Mutagenesis of these sites may result in disruption/reduction of FVIII/receptor interaction and consequently lead to clinically significant prolongation of FVIII lifetime in the circulation. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by the results of Ala‐scanning mutagenesis of the A2 LRP‐binding site. Generation of a novel recombinant FVIII with prolonged lifetime would meet the demands, improve the efficacy and reduce the cost of FVIII replacement therapy of haemophilia A.
Biological Control of Plant Pathogens: Research, Commercialization, and Application in the USA (2002)

In a narrow sense, biocontrol suppresses pest organisms with other organisms. However, the multiple interactions among organisms and their environment can contribute to effective biological control. Future prospects for using biological control of plant pathogens in both conventional and organic agriculture are described. Accepted for publication 3 May 2002. Published 10 May 2002.
DRAGNET VEHICLE ARRESTING SYSTEM (1970)

THE DRAGNET VEHICLE ARRESTING SYSTEM CONSISTS OF A NET MADE OF STEEL CABLES ATTACHED AT EACH END TO METAL BENDER ENERGY-ABSORBING DEVICES. THE SYSTEM WAS SUBJECTED TO SIX FULL-SCALE AUTOMOBILE CRASH TESTS TO EVALUATE ITS PERFORMANCE IN STOPPING A SPEEDING VEHICLE OVER A RELATIVELY SHORT DISTANCE WITH ACCEPTABLE DECELERATION LEVELS. THE DECELERATIONS ENCOUNTERED WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN THOSE PRODUCED BY RIGID BARRIERS, AND COULD HAVE BEEN REDUCED EVEN MORE BY THE USE OF LESS RESTRAINING FORCE ON THE NET, RESULTING IN LONGER STOPPING DISTANCES. TIME-DISPLACEMENT AND DECELERATION DATA (AND OBSERVATION OF DAMAGE) FROM THE TEST SERIES, ALONG WITH THE PREDICTABILITY OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IN SPECIFIED SITUATIONS, INDICATE THAT PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE ARRESTING SYSTEM AT SUCH LOCATIONS AS DEAD ENDS OF ROADS, FERRY LANDINGS, AND HIGHWAY MEDIANS AT BRIDGE OVERPASSES IS FEASIBLE. /AUTHOR/