gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strategy for Combining Heat Treatment, Calcium Infiltration, and Biological Control to Reduce Postharvest Decay of `Gala' Apples (1999)

The viability of Penicillium expansum Link conidia in sporulating culture declined rapidly when exposed to 38 °C, and when conidia were exposed to 38 °C prior to inoculation of apple fruits ( Malus × domestica Borkh.), the resulting lesions were smaller than those on fruit inoculated with nonheated conidia. `Gala' apples were heated after harvest (38 °C for 4 days), pressure infiltrated with a 2% solution of CaCl 2 , or treated with the antagonist Pseudomonas syringae van Hall, alone or in combinations to reduce postharvest decay caused by Penicillium expansum . After up to 6 months in storage at 1 °C, no decay lesions developed on fruit that were heated after inoculation with P. expansum , or any combination of P. expansum , antagonist, or Ca. Parallel lots of heat-treated and nonheated fruit that were either infiltrated or not infiltrated with Ca were stored up to 6 months. They were then inoculated with P. expansum alone, or with the antagonist followed by P. expansum . Prior heat treatment did not influence lesion size. Calcium alone, the antagonist alone, and heat plus Ca all reduced the incidence of decay by ≈25%, whereas heat plus the antagonist reduced it by 70%. Calcium plus the antagonist or Ca plus the antagonist and heat reduced decay incidence by 89% and 91%, respectively. The integrated strategy of heat-treating fruit, followed by Ca infiltration and then treatment with an antagonist, may be a useful alternative to controlling postharvest decay with fungicides.
Functional Electrical Stimulation in Spinal Cord Injury: From Theory to Practice (2012)

This article outlines steps to practical application of functional electrical stimulation (FES) within activity-based restorative therapy (ABRT). Drawing from current evidence, specific applications of FES intended to help restore function lost to spinal cord injury and associated neurologic disease are discussed. The medical and therapeutic indications, precautions, and contraindications are reviewed to help participants with appropriate patient selection, treatment planning, and assessment. Also included are the physiological implications of FES and alterable parameters, including dosing and timing, for a desired response. Finally, approaches to improve cortical representation and motor learning and to transition emerging movement into functional tasks are reviewed.
Integrated Circuits for High Performance Electret Microphones (2003)

Introduction Electret Condenser Microphones (ECM) are used in almost every consumer and communication audio application. The total yearly volume of all ECM's is well over one billion units. Over the years, innovation in ECM's has concentrated mainly on lower cost production and smaller sizes. Other improvements of sensitivity, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), linearity, and supply current have not been addressed.
Free-radical chemistry of organophosphorus compounds. IV. Polar, bond strength, and resonance effects on phosphoranyl radical formation (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree-radical chemistry of organophosphorus compounds. IV. Polar, bond strength, and resonance effects on phosphoranyl radical formationWesley G. Bentrude, Juian-Juian L. Fu, and Peter E. RogersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 11, 3625–3635Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00792a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00792a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views396Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
“Angajawi”, or, On Being Muslim Nusantara: The Global Argument for Islam (ic) Nusantara (2019)

The article is an examination of practices, such as the transmission and movement of ideas and knowledge, by which Indonesian Islam or what is called Islam(ic) Nusantara comes into being as a distinct civilizational body, and then considers the ways in which these practices claim a place in a wider Muslim societies. “Angajawi” (being Muslim Nusantara) is a strategic term to convey these practices, while, at the same time, to look closely at the way they constitute the vitality and resilience of Islam(ic) Nusantara cultural riches among the citizens of Muslim world. The method followed in this article is firstly to track down the flow of ideas from Jawi or Nusantara as they were brought about by Indonesian agents of trade, knowledge and pilgrimage to the Holy Land since earlier centuries of the coming of Islam to Indonesia; and then, secondly, to draw our attention to the worldwide Muslim reception of these ideas as the creative energy and qualities of Indonesian Islam in dealing with the problems of humanity. Furthermore, the meaning of “Islam Nusantara” needs to be clarified so as to provide a clear comprehension of the globalized qualities or core ideals of “angajawi”.   Keywords: angajawi, Islam Nusantara, history of Islam, Indonesian Islam
Optimization based job shop scheduling (1993)

A generalized job shop scheduling problem is defined in detail. The proposed factory description is sufficiently realistic to model the routing and sequencing decisions made in a real manufacturing plant. An optimization problem is posed, permitting the use of very general cost functions. A variation of the method of simulated annealing is proposed as a tool for the solution of the optimization problem. A novel technique for embedding the space of feasible schedules into a permutation group is used to define a neighborhood structure for the simulated annealing process. This technique has algorithmic advantages over working directly in the space of schedules. These ideas were used in the design and implementative of a scheduling software system. A brief description of the software system, called ABES for Annealing Based Experiment in Scheduling, and comments on its effectiveness are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design Flow of Accelerating Hybrid Extremely Low Bit-Width Neural Network in Embedded FPGA (2018)

Neural network accelerators with low latency and low energy consumption are desirable for edge computing. To create such accelerators, we propose a design flow for accelerating the extremely low bit-width neural network (ELB-NN) in embedded FPGAs with hybrid quantization schemes. This flow covers both network training and FPGA-based network deployment, which facilitates the design space exploration and simplifies the tradeoff between network accuracy and computation efficiency. Using this flow helps hardware designers to deliver a network accelerator in edge devices under strict resource and power constraints. We present the proposed flow by supporting hybrid ELB settings within a neural network. Results show that our design can deliver very high performance peaking at 10.3 TOPS and classify up to 325.3 image/s/watt while running large-scale neural networks for less than 5W using embedded FPGA. To the best of our knowledge, it is the most energy efficient solution in comparison to GPU or other FPGA implementations reported so far in the literature.
Hormone activation of baculovirus expressed progesterone receptors. (1992)

Human and chicken progesterone receptors (A form) were overproduced in a baculovirus expression system. These recombinant progesterone receptors were full-length bound progesterone specifically and were recognized by monoclonal antibodies, AB52 and PR22, specific for human and chicken progesterone receptor, respectively. In gel retardation studies, binding of recombinant human and chicken progesterone receptors to their progesterone response element (PRE) was specific and was enhanced in the presence of progesterone. Binding of human progesterone receptor to the PRE was also enhanced in the presence of the antiprogestin, RU486, but very little effect was observed in the presence of estradiol, dexamethasone, testosterone, and vitamin D. In our cell-free transcription system, human progesterone receptor induced transcription in a receptor-dependent and hormone-activable manner. Receptor-stimulated transcription required the presence of the PRE in the test template and could be specifically inhibited by excess PRE oligonucleotides. Furthermore, chicken progesterone receptor also induced in vitro transcription in a hormone-activable manner. These results demonstrate that steroid receptors overexpressed in a baculovirus expression system are functional and exhibit steroid-responsive binding and transcription. These observations support our present understanding of the mechanism of steroid receptor-regulated gene expression and provide a technological format for studies of the role of hormone and antihormone in altering gene expression.
Improved empirical models describing hormesis (2005)

During the past two decades, the phenomenon of hormesis has gained increased recognition. To promote research in hormesis, a sound statistical quantification of important parameters, such as the level and significance of the increase in response and the range of concentration where it occurs, is strongly needed. Here, we present an improved statistical model to describe hormetic dose-response curves and test for the presence of hormesis. Using the delta method and freely available software, any percentage effect dose or concentration can be derived with its associated standard errors. Likewise, the maximal response can be extracted and the growth stimulation calculated. The new model was tested on macrophyte data from multiple-species experiments and on laboratory data of Lemna minor. For the 51 curves tested, significant hormesis was detected in 18 curves, and for another 17 curves, the hormesis model described that data better than the logistic model did. The increase in response ranged from 5 to 109%. The growth stimulation occurred at an average dose somewhere between zero and concentrations corresponding to approximately 20 to 25% of the median effective concentration (EC50). Testing the same data with the hormesis model proposed by Brain and Cousens in 1989, we found no significant hormesis. Consequently, the new model is shown to be far more robust than previous models, both in terms of variation in data and in terms of describing hormetic effects ranging from small effects of a 10% increase in response up to effects of an almost 100% increase in response.
Propagation constant and waveguide dispersion of single-mode fibers measured from far-field (1988)

Wavelength-dependent measurements of the far-field pattern can be evaluated to yield a mode-field radius. It was recently proposed to fit these data to a formula that contained all the parameters necessary to construct an empirical relation for the wavelength dependence of the propagation constant. The authors report on the feasibility of this technique, using actual measurement data. They discuss the calculation of the waveguide dispersion from the measured mode-field radius. In both cases the choice of the empirical fitting function proves to be of great importance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Morphology of Silver and Gold “SERS Active” Substrates from Optical Spectroscopy Experiments and Numerical Simulations (1999)

In order to understand more deeply the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect, we develop different models allowing the determination (i) of the morphology of silver or gold clusters in colloidal sols from their ultraviolet–visible extinction spectra and (ii) of the roughness features of silver islands chemically deposited on various metals from differential reflectivity measurements. For ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra, the model leads to calculated spectra of aggregated colloids in good agreement for both profiles and intensities with experimental ones and allows to approach the histogram of the clusters appearing in the aggregated colloid. This histogram reveals that the aggregated sols mainly consist of small spheres, reflecting unaggregated particles, and of elongated spheroids formed by the coalescence of several spherical particles. In the last part of this paper, we present preliminary results showing how to obtain “SERS active substrates” by chemically depositing silver islands onto various metals (Zn, Al, Cu). The observed SERS spectra are qualitatively related to the differential reflectivity spectra obtained on the same substrates.
High index contrast polymer waveguide platform for integrated biophotonics (2010)

We present detailed characterization of a unique high-index-contrast integrated optical polymer waveguide platform where the index of the cladding material is closely matched to that of water. Single-mode waveguides designed to operate across a large part of the visible spectrum have been fabricated and waveguide properties, including mode size, bend loss and evanescent coupling have been modeled using effective-index approximation, finite-element and finite-difference time domain methods. Integrated components such as directional couplers for wavelength splitting and ring resonators for refractive-index or temperature sensing have been modeled, fabricated and characterized. The waveguide platform described here is applicable to a wide range of biophotonic applications relying on evanescent-wave sensing or excitation, offering a high level of integration and functionality. The technology is biocompatible and suitable for wafer-level mass production.
<b>Apatite-mediated Actin Dynamics in Resorbing Osteoclasts</b> (2004)

The actin cytoskeleton is essential for osteoclasts main function, bone resorption. Two different organizations of actin have been described in osteoclasts, the podosomes belt corresponding to numerous F-actin columns arranged at the cell periphery, and the sealing zone defined as a unique large band of actin. To compare the role of these two different actin organizations, we imaged osteoclasts on various substrata: glass, dentin, and apatite. Using primary osteoclasts expressing GFP-actin, we found that podosome belts and sealing zones, both very dynamic actin structures, were present in mature osteoclasts; podosome belts were observed only in spread osteoclasts adhering onto glass, whereas sealing zone were seen in apico-basal polarized osteoclasts adherent on mineralized matrix. Dynamic observations of several resorption cycles of osteoclasts seeded on apatite revealed that 1) podosomes do not fuse together to form the sealing zone; 2) osteoclasts alternate successive stationary polarized resorption phases with a sealing zone and migration, nonresorption phases without any specific actin structure; and 3) apatite itself promotes sealing zone formation though c-src and Rho signaling. Finally, our work suggests that apatite-mediated sealing zone formation is dependent on both c-src and Rho whereas apico-basal polarization requires only Rho.
Capacity improvement in cellular systems with dynamic channel assignment and reuse partitioning (2003)

In cellular mobile communications, how to achieve optimum system capacity with limited frequency spectrum is one of the main research issues. Many dynamic channel assignment (DCA) schemes have been proposed and studied to increase the capacity of cellular systems. Reuse partitioning (RP) is another technique to achieve higher capacity by reducing the overall reuse distance. In this paper, a new network-based DCA scheme with the use of RP technique is proposed, namely dynamic reuse partitioning with interference information (DRP-WI). The scheme aims to minimize the effect of assigned channels on the availability of channels for use in the interfering cells and to reduce their overall reuse distances. Simulation results have confirmed the effectiveness of DRP-WI scheme. Under both uniform and nonuniform traffic distributions, DRP-WI exhibits outstanding performance in improving the system capacity. It can provide about 100% capacity improvement as compared to conventional fixed channel assignment scheme.
Characterization of the Arginolytic Microflora Provides Insights into pH Homeostasis in Human Oral Biofilms (2015)

A selected group of oral bacteria commonly associated with dental health is capable of producing alkali via the arginine deiminase system (ADS), which has a profound impact on the pH of human oral biofilms. An increased risk for dental caries has been associated with reduced ADS activity of the bacteria in oral biofilms. Arginolytic bacterial strains from dental plaque samples of caries-free and caries-active adults were isolated and characterized to investigate the basis for differences in plaque ADS activity between individuals. Fifty-six ADS-positive bacterial strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and their ADS activity levels were compared under standard growth conditions. The spectrum of bacterial ADS activity ranged from 45.2 to 688.0 units (mg protein)(-1). Although Streptococcus sanguinis was the most prevalent species, other Streptococcus sp. were also represented. Biochemical assays carried out using 27 ADS-positive strains under conditions known to induce or repress ADS gene expression showed substantial variation in arginolytic activity in response to pH, oxygen and the availability of carbohydrate or arginine. This study reveals that the basis for the wide spectrum of arginolytic expression observed among clinical strains is, at least in part, attributable to differences in the regulation of the ADS within and between species. The results provide insights into the microbiological basis for intersubject differences in ADS activity in oral biofilms and enhance our understanding of dental caries as an ecologically driven disease in which arginine metabolism moderates plaque pH and promotes dental health.
DNA Ploidy and Markovian Analysis of Neoplastic Progression in Experimental Pancreatic Cancer (2003)

Computer-assisted analysis of DNA ploidy and nuclear morphology were used to elucidate changes in the cell nucleus that occur during the development of experimental pancreatic cancer. Ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma was induced in 49 Syrian hamsters by SC injection of N-nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine; twenty hamsters served as controls. Groups of animals were sacrificed every 4 weeks for 20 weeks and adjacent sections of pancreatic tissue were H&E and Feulgen-stained for light microscopy and computer assisted cytometry. Pancreatic ductal cells were classified as normal, atypical, or malignant; tissue inflammation (pancreatitis) was also noted when present. DNA ploidy and nuclear morphology evaluation (Markovian analysis) identified an atypical cell stage clearly distinguishable from either normal or malignant cells; pancreatitis preceded this atypia. The DNA ploidy histogram of these atypical cells revealed a major diploid peak and a minor aneuploid peak. The receiver operator characteristic curve areas for a logistic regression model of normal vs atypical cells was 0.94 and for atypical vs malignant was 0.98, numbers indicative of near-perfect discrimination among these three cell types. The ability to identify an atypical cell population should be useful in establishing the role of these cells in the progression of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Effect of disk cross hatch texture on tribological performance (1992)

Wear at the head-disk interface of magnetic recording devices depends on the take-off velocity (TOV). At a lower TOV, the sliding distance between the head and disk prior to take-off is shorter, and the tribological performance is improved. Disks prepared with a cross hatch texture can produce a low ratio of center line to peak/peak to valley (R/sub p//R/sub t/) and a low bearing ratio (t/sub p/). This type of texture leads to a low TOV. However, some cross hatch textured disks and most circumferential textured disks have a high R/sub p//R/sub t/ and t/sub p/, leading to a higher TOV and poorer tribological performance. Heads with negative crowns and negative skew angles also lead to a higher TOV and poorer performance between the head and disk.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Managing Data in Computational Edge Clouds (2017)

Edge clouds handle data and computations closer to its source and users. Applications like industrial automation, bring new challenges and require solutions tailored for computation-centric edge cloud networks. In this paper we build on existing edge and fog computing models and develop a solution to predict and store data in edge resource caches for upcoming computations. Our solution is based on grouping caches according to the workloads they serve. We further develop methods for populating the caches and ensuring the coherence of the cached data. We evaluate the performance of our grouping mechanisms and show that they bring significant performance gains, both in terms of network traffic and access latency.
Cervical smears prepared by an automated device versus the conventional method. A comparative analysis. (1995)

An automated, fluid-based method for the preparation of cervical Papanicolaou smears/slides was compared to the conventional Papanicolaou smear (CPS) method used for the screening of neoplasia. We determined diagnostic agreement and sources of error for diagnostic disagreement. For 665 patients, one cervical sample was collected to make one CPS. The collection devices, a wooden Ayre spatula and endocervical brush, were rinsed into a vial with fluid medium to be processed in the automated device. All slides were distributed among five cytotechnologists in a blind fashion. Exact diagnostic agreement was 94.6%. The results were not statistically significant (P > or = .70, McNemar's test) but were clinically important, as evidenced by the detection of low grade lesions (LGL), during initial screening, on three slides prepared by the automated device but not on their matched-pair CPSs (0.5% of all specimens). After reevaluation, the three matched CPSs demonstrated LGL. Sources of diagnostic error on the CPSs were: air-drying artifact, obscuring blood/inflammation, crowding/overlapping of cells and/or absence of diagnostic cells. The only source of error in the automated-method smears was absence of diagnostic cells.
STANDARDIZED FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS FOR ELECTRONICS DEVELOPED BY THE COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE (1957)

The advantages obtained from the use of standardized functional elements developed by the C.E.A. to be units in electronic devices are discussed. These units, designed for low-cost quantity production, feature high operational flexibility. A definition of their primary functions is given. The wide variety of combinations possible with these units is illustrated with typical examples showing how they are used in the development of more complex devices. (tr-auth)