gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human telomerase reverse-transcriptase promoter-controlled and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-armed adenoviruses for renal cell carcinoma treatment (2013)

New treatment strategies are required for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) due to its relative insensitivity to conventional radio- and chemotherapies. The promising strategy of tumor inhibition using human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-controlled herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) in the hTERT promoter-driven HSV-TK/GCV suicide gene system was investigated. Tumor volume, weight, relative proliferation rate, and cell-apoptosis levels were examined in mice injected with adenovirus (Ad)-hTERT-HSV-TK and GCV. Increased cell death occurred following treatment with Ads carrying hTERT-HSV-TK/GCV or cytomegalovirus promoter-controlled (CMV)-HSV-TK/GCV for human RCC 786-0 and fibroblast MRC-5 cells. In mice, Ad-hTERT-HSV-TK/GCV more specifically inhibited tumor and RCC xenograft growth than Ad-CMV-HSV-TK/GCV (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Ad-hTERT-HSV-TK/GCV did not significantly damage normal fibroblasts or organ systems (heart, lung, liver, brain, kidney, and spleen). Thus, Ad-hTERT-HSV-TK/GCV is an effective RCC inhibitor in human cells in vitro and in vivo mouse models, indicating potential usefulness in RCC-targeted gene therapy.
Membrane Materials Science (1985)

Material science aspects of synthetic polymeric membranes are presented in this survey. The objective is to place each of the subsequent chapters of this volume into proper perspective. Therefore, frequent reference is made to the accompanying chapters and, where necessary, to alternative information sources. By way of introduction, this chapter considers in turn: material selection, material characterization and evaluation, membrane preparation, membrane characterization and membrane evaluation. Membrane module design and manufacture, transport phenomena and process performance are introduced in the discussion only as they pertain to membrane materials science. Following this introduction, the various chapters of this volume are previewed.
Sirtuins and Disease: The Road Ahead (2012)

Sirtuins represent a promising new class of conserved histone deacetylases, originally identified in yeast. The activity of the sirtuin (SirT) family - made up of seven members (SirT1-7) - is NAD(+) dependent. Sirtuins target a wide range of cellular proteins in nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria for post-translational modification by acetylation (SirT1, 2, 3, and 5) or ADP-ribosylation (SirT4 and 6). Sirtuins regulate responses to stress and ensure that damaged DNA is not propagated, thus contrasting the accumulation of mutations. To date, sirtuins have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for treatment of human pathologies such as metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. SirT1 is the founding member of this class of enzymes and is currently the best known of the group. SirT1 acts in various cellular processes, deacetylating both chromatin and non-histone proteins, and its role in cancer and aging has been extensively studied. SirT1 may play a critical role in tumor initiation and progression as well as drug resistance by blocking senescence and apoptosis, and by promoting cell growth and angiogenesis. Recently, growing interest in sirtuin modulation has led to the discovery and characterization of small molecules able to modify sirtuin activity. The present review highlights SirT mechanism(s) of action and deregulation in cancer, focusing on the therapeutic potential of SirT modulators both in cancer prevention and treatment.
Phenotypic and genetic clustering of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Chinese families with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2005)

There was significant familial aggregation of T2DM and related phenotypes including obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. The clustering of metabolic traits is likely due to genetic effects, interacting with shared and unique lifestyle/environmental factors. The high familiality suggests that screening for MES is important, especially in families with young-onset diabetes, and that the families in HKFDS are valuable subjects for genetic studies of these metabolic diseases.
Structure of the C-terminal end of the nascent peptide influences translation termination. (1996)

The efficiency of translation termination at NNN NNN UGA A stop codon contexts has been determined in Escherichia coli. No general effects are found which can be attributed directly to the mRNA sequences itself. Instead, termination is influenced primarily by the amino acids at the C-terminal end of the nascent peptide, which are specified by the two codons at the 5' side of UGA. For the penultimate amino acid (-2 location), charge and hydrophobicity are important. For the last amino acid (-1 location), alpha-helical, beta-strand and reverse turn propensities are determining factors. The van der Waals volume of the last amino acid can affect the relative efficiency of stop codon readthrough by the wild-type and suppressor forms of tRNA(Trp) (CAA). The influence of the -1 and -2 amino acids is cooperative. Accumulation of an mRNA degradation intermediate indicates mRNA protection by pausing ribosomes at contexts which give inefficient UGA termination. Highly expressed E.coli genes with the UGA A termination signal encode C-terminal amino acids which favour efficient termination. This restriction is not found for poorly expressed genes.
Silver-filled carbon nanotubes used as spectroscopic enhancers (1998)

We analyze from a theoretical point of view the optical properties of arrays of carbon nanotubes filled with silver. Dependence of these properties on the different parameters involved is studied using a transfer matrix formalism able to work with tensorlike dielectric functions and including the full electromagnetic coupling between the nanotubes. We find that these structures exhibit very strong linear optical response and hence could be used as spectroscopic enhancers or chemical sensors in the visible range. Very localized surface plasmons, created by the electromagnetic interaction between the capped silver cylinders, are responsible for this enhancing ability. Enhancements of up to ${10}^{6}$ in the Raman signal of molecules absorbed on these arrays could be obtained.
Carbon Dioxide Angiography: Scientific Principles and Practice (2015)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas which occurs naturally in the atmosphere and human body. With the advent of digital subtraction angiography, the gas has been used as a safe and useful alternative contrast agent in both arteriography and venography. Because of its lack of renal toxicity and allergic potential, CO2 is a preferred contrast agent in patients with renal failure or contrast allergy, and particularly in patients who require large volumes of contrast medium for complex endovascular procedures. Understanding of the unique physical properties of CO2 (high solubility, low viscosity, buoyancy, and compressibility) is essential in obtaining a successful CO2 angiogram and in guiding endovascular intervention. Unlike iodinated contrast material, CO2 displaces the blood and produces a negative contrast for digital subtraction imaging. Indications for use of CO2 as a contrast agent include: aortography and runoff, detection of bleeding, renal transplant arteriography, portal vein visualization with wedged hepatic venous injection, venography, arterial and venous interventions, and endovascular aneurysm repair. CO2 should not be used in the thoracic aorta, the coronary artery, and cerebral circulation. Exploitation of CO2 properties, avoidance of air contamination and facile catheterization technique are important to the safe and effective performance of CO2 angiography and CO2-guided endovascular intervention.
Beat Tracking with Dynamic Programming (2006)

There are many applications for which we would like to be able to track the 'beat' of a piece of recorded music — analogous to a listener's foot-tapping. This paper describes our beat-tracking system, which operates by first estimating a global tempo (via autocorrelation of an 'onset strength' signal), then using dynamic programming to find the best sequence of beat times through the whole piece that both places beats on moments of high 'onset strength', as well as maintaining a spacing between beats that agrees with the global tempo. This system has been submitted to the 2006 MIREX Audio Tempo Extraction and Audio Beat Tracking competitions.
Characterization of hematopoietic progenitor cells that express the transcription factor SCL, using a <i>lacZ</i> “knock-in” strategy (1998)

Gene targeting experiments have demonstrated that the transcription factor SCL is essential for primitive and definitive hematopoiesis in the mouse. To study the functional properties of hematopoietic cells expressing SCL, we have generated mutant mice (SCLlacZ/w) in which the Escherichia coli lacZ reporter gene has been "knocked in" to the SCL locus, thereby linking beta-galactosidase expression to transcription from the SCL promoter. Bone marrow cells from heterozygous SCLlacZ/w mice were sorted into fractions expressing high, intermediate and low levels of beta-galactosidase (designated lacZhigh, lacZint, and lacZneg). Cells that were lacZhigh or lacZint were enriched for day 12 spleen colony-forming units and myeloid and erythroid colony-forming cells (CFCs). These fractions included >99% of the erythroid and >90% of the myeloid CFCs. Culture of sorted bone marrow populations on stromal cells secreting interleukin-7 or in fetal thymic organ cultures showed that B and T lymphoid progenitors were also present in the lacZhigh and lacZint fractions. These data provide a functional correlation between SCL expression and colony-forming ability in immature hematopoietic cells. Our data also suggested that expression of SCL was transient and confined to hematopoietic stem and/or progenitor cells, because the differentiated progeny of most lineages (except the erythroid) were beta-galactosidase-negative.
Megakaryocytopoiesis in Rats With Special Reference to Polyploidy (1970)

Abstract The morphologic stage of maturation, ploidy level, and cell size of individual megakaryocytes from the marrow of normal rats were determined; the initial labeling index of this population of megakaryocytes 30 minutes after injection of 3HTdr was also determined. The results suggested some inferences about the flow of cells through the various ploidy and differentiation compartments during the maturation of megakaryocytes. Most 8N Type-I megakaryocytes endoreduplicate and become 16N Type-I cells, while a few mature to 8N Type-II megakaryocytes. Most 16N I cells mature to 16N II although a few endoreduplicate to become 32N I cells; the 32N I cells mature only to 32N II. The Type-I morphologic stage contains two subcompartments that we have not distinguished morphologically, an endoreduplicating subcompartment and a post-DNA-synthesis subcompartment. The time parameter of the latter ranges from about nine to 19 hours. The time parameter of the former depends on the number of endoreduplications undergone by an individual megakaryocyte. The size of megakaryocytes increases both with increases in ploidy level and with cell differentiation.
The quadrifilar helix antenna (1974)

The characteristics of the quadrifilar helix antenna [1] and [2], a broad-band high-gain device, are described in detail. Experimental data on beam patterns, impedance, and axial ratio are given for both the circularly polarized quadrifilar helix antenna (QHA) and the linearly polarized counterwound quadrifilar helix antenna (CQHA). Bandwidths in excess of 5:1 are obtained. The low frequency behavior is discussed. Computation of the QHA characteristics by moment methods [3] is described and computed data on beam patterns and current distributions are given.
In Vitro Propagation of Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl 1 (1976)

Abstract Small leaf-sections of African violet proliferated rudimentary shoots when explanted on a modified Murashige and Skoog's (MS) high salt medium, containing 5.4 μ M naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA), 22 μ M 6-benzylamino purine (BA), and 308 μ M adenine sulfate. The subdivided rudimentary shoots grew and rooted after subculturing onto a modified Morel and Muller (MM) mineral salt medium, lacking growth regulators and having a reduced sucrose concentration. Rooted plants reached the flowering stage after 4 months of greenhouse culture. A single leaf can produce approximately 500 plants, having the desirable habit of a flat-leafed rosette and the capacity to flower within about 7 months.
Monolithically integrated silicon nitride platform (2021)

A comprehensive set of SiN building blocks was demonstrated on a monolithic SiPh platform. Low-loss SiN waveguides (<0.35dB/cm), Si-SiN transitions (0.026dB), efficient polarization splitters/rotators, and compact ring WDM filters were realized at O-band.
Effect of Ultrasonic Waves on the Capillary-Imbibition Recovery of Oil (2005)

Abstract Although the effects of ultrasonic irradiation on multiphase flow through porous media has been studied in the past few decades, the physics of the acoustic interaction between fluid and rock is not yet well understood. Insight into the physical principles governing the mobilization of oil by ultrasonic waves is vital for developing novel techniques of oil extraction. Various mechanisms may be responsible for enhancing the flow of oil through porous media in the presence of an acoustic field. Capillary related mechanisms are peristaltic transport due to mechanical deformation of the pore walls, reduction of capillary forces due to the destruction of surface films generated across pore boundaries, coalescence of oil drops due to Bjerknes forces, oscillation and excitation of capillary trapped oil drops, forces generated by cavitating bubbles, and sonocapillary effects. This paper aims at identifying and analyzing the influence of high-frequency, high-intensity ultrasonic radiation on capillary imbibition. Laboratory experiments were performed using cylindrical Berea sandstone and Indiana limestone samples with all sides (co-current imbibition) and only one side (counter-current imbibition) open to flow contacting with the aqueous phase. The oil saturated cores were placed in an ultrasonic bath, and brought into contact with the aqueous phase. The recovery rate due to capillary imbibition was monitored against time. Air-water, mineral oil-brine, mineral oil-surfactant solution and mineral oil-polymer solution experiments were run each exploring a separate physical process governing acoustic stimulation. Water-air imbibition tests isolate the effect of ultrasound on wettability and capillarity, while oil-brine imbibition experiments help understand the ultrasonic effect on viscosity and interfacial interaction among oil, rock and aqueous phase. We observed a substantial increase in final recovery (up to 15%), and a slight increase in recovery rate when ultrasonic waves were applied. A modified form of an exponential model was employed to fit the recovery curves to clarify the factors causing an incremental recovery by ultrasonic waves for different fluid pairs and rock types.
A new calculation approach of wellbore separation factor based on the relative position of adjacent wells (2020)

As the current calculation methods for wellbore separation factor have some deficiencies, we propose and analyze a new calculation approach for wellbore separation factor based on the relative position of adjacent wellbores, named as relative position method for short. Based on the trajectory error ellipsoid model of single wellbore, the error ellipsoids model of adjacent wellbore was derived considering the correlation of trajectory errors between adjacent wells. Furthermore, the calculation formula of the separation factor based on relative position of adjacent wellbore was derived and solved with the conjugate gradient algorithm. Case study shows that the new approach is more precise and higher in applicability than the ellipsoid scaling method and the minimum distance method, it can evaluate the state of well collision more reasonably. By doing batch calculation with the new method and following the criterion of well collision avoidance, the permissible ranges of key parameters in the well design can be worked out quickly. This method has good application in the design of cluster wells and directional wells.
Verbal learning and visuomotor attention in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression. (2002)

We compared the verbal learning and visuomotor attention of 34 Alzheimer's patients and 18 depressive patients. Verbal learning was assessed using The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test--Revised (HVLT--R); visuomotor attention was assessed using the Trail Making Test (TMT). The Alzheimer's patients had significantly lower scores on immediate and delayed recall of a word list. There was a nonsignificant trend in this group toward a fewer number of true positives and a greater number of false positives. Alzheimer's patients were significantly slower on Trails A, with a nonsignificant trend toward slower performance on Trails B. No difference was observed in accuracy of attentional processing. The results are discussed in terms of other factors, such as stage of cognitive decline, which might have influenced the findings.
Large-area assembly of three-dimensional nanoparticle structures via ion assisted aerosol lithography with a multi-pin spark discharge generator (2014)

We present an approach utilizing ion assisted aerosol lithography (IAAL) with a newly designed multi-pin spark discharge generator (SDG) for fabricating large-area three-dimensional (3D) nanoparticle-structure (NPS) arrays. The design of the multi-pin SDG allows us to uniformly construct 3D NPSs on a large area of 50 mm × 50 mm in a parallel fashion at atmospheric pressure. The ion-induced focusing capability of IAAL significantly reduces the feature size of 3D NPSs compared to that of the original pre-patterns formed on a substrate. The spatial uniformity of 3D NPSs is above 95% using the present multi-pin SDG, which is far superior to that of the previous single-pin SDG with less than 32% uniformity. The effect of size distributions of nanoparticles generated via the multi-pin SDG on the 3D NPSs also has been studied. In addition, we measured spectral reflectance for the present 3D NPSs coated with Ag, demonstrating enhanced diffuse reflectance.
The planar 6H-SiC ACCUFET: a new high-voltage power MOSFET structure (1997)

A novel planar accumulation channel SiC MOSFET structure is reported in this paper. The problems of gate oxide rupture and poor channel conductance previously reported in SiC UMOSFETs are solved by using a buried P/sup +/ layer to shield the channel region. The fabricated 6H-SiC unterminated devices had a blocking voltage of 350 V with a specific on-resistance of 18 m/spl Omega/.cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at room temperature for a gate bias of only 5 V. This measured specific on-resistance is within 2.5× of the value calculated for the epitaxial drift region (10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/, 10 μm), which is capable of supporting 1500 V.
Prevention of Postsurgical Lymphedema by 9-cis Retinoic Acid (2015)

We have developed a highly reproducible model of secondary lymphedema and have demonstrated that 9-cis RA significantly prevents postsurgical lymphedema. Treatment with 9-cis RA is associated with increased lymphatic clearance and lymphangiogenesis. Because 9-cis RA (alitretinoin) is already approved for clinical use by the US Food and Drug Administration for other conditions, it has the potential to be repurposed as a preventative agent for postsurgical lymphedema in humans.
Morphology of aged skin. (1986)

Despite an overall thinning of the epidermis and focal areas of cytologic atypia, there was no morphologic evidence that the protective function of this tissue was compromised by age. The characteristic morphologic markers associated with the keratinization process were not altered either in appearance or in amounts. A well-formed stratum corneum was present, suggestive that barrier ability is not compromised in senile skin. Whereas alterations in the aged epidermis are slight, the dermal-epidermal changes are marked and have greater physiologic consequences. The major change is a relatively flat dermal-epidermal junction because of retraction of the epidermal papillae as well as the microprojections of basal cells into the dermis. This flattening results in a more fragile tissue less resistant to shearing forces. Retraction of the epidermal downgrowths may also explain the loss in proliferative capacity associated with the aged epidermis. The major alterations in the aged dermis concern the architecture of the collagen and elastin networks. Both fibrous components appear more compact because of a decrease in the voids or spaces between the fibers; the spaces resulted from a loss of ground substance. Collagen bundles appear to unravel, and the individual elastic fibers show signs of elastolysis. The net effect of these fibrous rearrangements and alterations is a dermis that is less stretchable, less resilient, more lax, and prone to wrinkling.
Concentrations of various arachidonic acid metabolites in menstrual fluid are associated with menstrual pain and are influenced by hormonal contraceptives (1995)

In a pilot study we investigated the association between concentrations of various eicosanoids in menstrual blood with pain and oral contraceptive use. Menstrual fluid was collected on tampons by 12 women who did not use an oral contraceptive but suffered from slight primary dysmenorrhea and by three pain-free women who used an oral contraceptive. Eicosanoids (cyclooxygenase products: 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin F2 alpha, 12-hydroxy-heptadecatrienoic acid; lipoxygenase products: 5-, 12-, 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), leukotriene B4, leukotriene C4, leukotriene D4, leukotriene E4) and female sex steroids (17 beta-estradiol and progesterone) were analyzed by the combined use of high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. 12-HETE was the main arachidonic acid metabolite. An increased metabolism of arachidonic acid was associated with pain, especially when synthesis of 12-HETE was elevated. Oral contraceptive use decreased the synthesis of prostaglandins as well as leukotrienes. The concordant changes of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products in dysmenorrhea or in oral contraceptive use may be explained by an increased or decreased phospholipid metabolism, respectively.
Vital software: Formal method and coded processor (2006)

Abstract: Siemens Transportation Systems has been developing mass transit systems for 30 years and for more than 10 years it has used the B formal method to develop and validate its safety critical software. With B, the software is derived stepwise from an abstract mathematical specification and formal proof ensures that each intermediate step is equivalent to the previous one. With the Vital Coded Processor, any run time error caused either by a compiler error or a hardware failure is detected and the unit is set in a safe state. A high level of productivity is achieved through the use of a tool that derives semi-automatically the code from the formal specification.