gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T1‐ and T2‐Based MRI Measures of Diffuse Gray Matter and White Matter Damage in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (2007)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a powerful noninvasive tool to assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, investigators have used MRI metrics as supportive outcome measures to explore drug efficacy in clinical trials. Conventional MRI surrogates provide information at the macroscopic level but lack sensitivity and specificity in identifying the full extent of underlying MS pathology. They also show relatively weak relationships to clinical status such as predictive strength for clinical change. Advanced MRI techniques involving quantitative measures of diffuse damage in normal appearing (NA) white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) may help in resolving this apparent clinical MRI paradox. T2 hypointensity has been described in the GM of patients with MS and has been linked to physical disability, cognitive dysfunction, and brain atrophy. While this T2 hypointensity is thought to represent iron deposition, this awaits pathologic confirmation. Advanced MRI measures of iron deposition such as R2, R2*, R2' relaxometry, 3T imaging and other new approaches are beginning to be applied to studies of MS and should yield interesting information. Both T1 and T2 relaxometry have a role in detecting damage in NA brain tissue that escapes detection by conventional MRI lesion measures. For example, T2 mapping may allow an assessment of myelin content in NAWM. In this review, we will focus on MRI advances in the last 10 years pertaining to T1 and T2 measures of diffuse GM and WM damage.
Impact of pharmacist interventions on patients' adherence to antidepressants and patient-reported outcomes: a systematic review (2012)

This review suggests that pharmacist intervention is effective in the improvement of patient adherence to antidepressants. This may be a basis for more studies examining the effectiveness of innovative interventions by pharmacists to enhance patient adherence to antidepressant medications.
Regulatory Role of CD1d in Neurotropic Virus Infection (2008)

The GDVII strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) causes an acute fatal polioencephalomyelitis in mice. Infection of susceptible mice with the DA strain of TMEV results in an acute polioencephalomyelitis followed by chronic immune-mediated demyelination with virus persistence in the central nervous system (CNS); DA virus infection is used as an animal model for multiple sclerosis. CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells can contribute to viral clearance and regulation of autoimmune responses. To investigate the role of CD1d in TMEV infection, we first infected CD1d-deficient mice (CD1(-/-)) and wild-type BALB/c mice with GDVII virus. Wild-type mice were more resistant to virus than CD1(-/-) mice (50% lethal dose titers: wild-type mice, 10 PFU; CD1(-/-) mice, 1.6 PFU). Wild-type mice had fewer viral antigen-positive cells with greater inflammation in the CNS than CD1(-/-) mice. Second, an analysis of DA virus infection in CD1(-/-) mice was conducted. Although both wild-type and CD1(-/-) mice had similar clinical signs during the first 2 weeks after infection, CD1(-/-) mice had an increase in neurological deficits over those observed in wild-type mice at 3 to 5 weeks after infection. Although wild-type mice had no demyelination, 20 and 60% of CD1(-/-) mice developed demyelination at 3 and 5 weeks after infection, respectively. TMEV-specific lymphoproliferative responses, interleukin-4 (IL-4) production, and IL-4/gamma interferon ratios were higher in CD1(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice. Thus, CD1d-restricted NKT cells may play a protective role in TMEV-induced neurological disease by alteration of the cytokine profile and virus-specific immune responses.
Saw Palmetto for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (2006)

In this study, saw palmetto did not improve symptoms or objective measures of benign prostatic hyperplasia. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00037154.).
Surface Phases and Photocatalytic Activity Correlation of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4-<i>x</i></sub> Nanocomposite (2008)

UV-visible irradiation induces surface alteration of Bi2O3 leading to Bi2O3/Bi2O4-x nanocomposites with excellent photocatalytic activity.
Distributional Adversarial Networks (2017)

We propose a framework for adversarial training that relies on a sample rather than a single sample point as the fundamental unit of discrimination. Inspired by discrepancy measures and two-sample tests between probability distributions, we propose two such distributional adversaries that operate and predict on samples, and show how they can be easily implemented on top of existing models. Various experimental results show that generators trained with our distributional adversaries are much more stable and are remarkably less prone to mode collapse than traditional models trained with pointwise prediction discriminators. The application of our framework to domain adaptation also results in considerable improvement over recent state-of-the-art.
Safety in use of glucosylated steviol glycosides as a food additive in different food categories (2018)

The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion on the safety of glucosylated steviol glycosides proposed for use as a new food additive in different food categories. According to the applicant, glucosylated steviol glycosides preparations consist of not less than 95% (on anhydrous basis) total steviol glycosides, made up of glucosylated steviol glycosides of different molecular weights as well as any remaining steviol glycosides. The applicant proposed that glucosylated steviol glycosides and parent steviol glycosides undergo a common metabolic process in pathway following ingestion and suggested that data from steviol glycosides can be used for read-across to glucosylated steviol glycosides. The limited evidence provided in the application dossier did not demonstrate the complete hydrolysis of the glucosylated steviol glycosides. No toxicological studies on glucosylated steviol glycoside preparations under evaluation have been provided for its assessment. The Panel concluded that the submitted data are insufficient to assess the safety of the glucosylated steviol glycoside preparations to be used as a new food additive.
Purification, Properties and Structural Aspects of a Thermoacidophilic α‐Amylase from <i>Alicyclobacillus Acidocaldarius</i> Atcc 27009 (1994)

The alpha-amylase from the thermoacidophilic eubacterium Alicyclobacillus (Bacillus) acidocaldarius strain ATCC 27009 was studied as an example of an acidophilic protein. The enzyme was purified from the culture fluid. On an SDS/polyacrylamide gel, the protein an apparent molecular mass of 160 kDa, which is approximately 15% higher than that predicted from the nucleotide sequence. The difference is due to the enzyme being a glycoprotein. Deglycosylation or synthesis of the enzyme in Escherichia coli gave a product with the mass expected for the mature protein. The amylase hydrolyzed starch at random and from the inside, and its main hydrolysis products were maltotriose and maltose. It also formed glucose from starch (by hydrolysing the intermediate product maltotetraose to glucose and maltotriose) and exhibited some pullulanase activity. the pH and temperature optima were pH3 and 75 degrees C, respectively, characterizing the enzyme as being thermoacidophilic. Alignment of the sequence of the enzyme with that of its closest neutrophilic relatives and with that of alpha-1,4 or alpha-1,6 glycosidic-bond hydrolyzing enzymes of known three-dimensional structure showed that the acidophilic alpha-amylase contains approximately 30% less charged residues than do its closest relatives, that these residues are replaced by neutral polar residues, and that hot spots for these exchanges are likely to be located at the surface of the protein. Literature data show that similar effects are observed in three other acidophilic proteins. It is proposed that these proteins have adapted to the acidic environment by reducing the density of both positive and negative charges at their surface, that this effect circumvents electrostatic repulsion of charged groups at low pH, and thereby contributes to the acidostability of these proteins.
Multilingual stochastic n-gram class language models (2002)

Stochastic language models are widely used in continuous speech recognition systems where a priori probabilities of word sequences are needed. These probabilities are usually given by n-gram word models, estimated on very large training texts. When n increases, it becomes harder to find reliable statistics, even with huge texts. Grouping words is a way to overcome this problem. We have developed an automatic language independent classification procedure, which is able to optimize the classification of tens of millions of untagged words in less than a few hours on a Unix workstation. With this language independent approach, three corpora each containing about 30 million words of newspaper texts, in French, German and English, have been mapped into different numbers of classes. From these classifications, bi-gram and tri-gram class language models have been built. The perplexities of held-out test texts have been assessed, showing that tri-gram class models give lower values than those obtained with tri-gram word models, for the three languages.
TVM: An Automated End-to-End Optimizing Compiler for Deep Learning (2018)

There is an increasing need to bring machine learning to a wide diversity of hardware devices. Current frameworks rely on vendor-specific operator libraries and optimize for a narrow range of server-class GPUs. Deploying workloads to new platforms -- such as mobile phones, embedded devices, and accelerators (e.g., FPGAs, ASICs) -- requires significant manual effort. We propose TVM, a compiler that exposes graph-level and operator-level optimizations to provide performance portability to deep learning workloads across diverse hardware back-ends. TVM solves optimization challenges specific to deep learning, such as high-level operator fusion, mapping to arbitrary hardware primitives, and memory latency hiding. It also automates optimization of low-level programs to hardware characteristics by employing a novel, learning-based cost modeling method for rapid exploration of code optimizations. Experimental results show that TVM delivers performance across hardware back-ends that are competitive with state-of-the-art, hand-tuned libraries for low-power CPU, mobile GPU, and server-class GPUs. We also demonstrate TVM's ability to target new accelerator back-ends, such as the FPGA-based generic deep learning accelerator. The system is open sourced and in production use inside several major companies.
Nasotracheal intubation and previous palatal or pharyngeal surgery (2005)

Dr Solan's description of her ‘near miss’ experience during a blind nasotracheal intubation (Anaesthesia 2004; 59: 923–4) and the case report by Hee et al. to which she refers [1] reveal that the concept and practice of visually guided nasotracheal intubation are still not familiar to many anaesthesia providers. I would like to point out that all the anxiety, complicated manoeuvrings and ‘innovative’ techniques described by Solan and by Hee in their reports could have been avoided and simplified with the use of the fibreoptic intubating bronchoscope. In these two cases, nasotracheal intubation should ideally have been performed with the aid of fibreoptic visual guidance. After confirming that the nasal route of tracheal intubation was not contraindicated, fibreoptic nasal intubation of the trachea should have been performed first, allowing direct visualisation of the nasal passages and nasopharynx in order to avoid trauma to abnormal anatomy or sites of previous surgery. Once successful non-traumatic clearance of the nasotracheal passage has been achieved in this way, an appropriately sized tracheal tube which has been preloaded over the fiberscope can then be railroaded over the fibrescope through the nose and into the trachea. As fibreoptic intubating bronchoscopes are available in all modern anaesthetic departments, I believe that it is not justified in this day and age to perform blind nasotracheal intubation in such patients with a history of abnormal anatomy, injury or previous surgery. I would like to recommend this simple method for tracheal intubation after palatal or pharyngeal surgery. For the patient's comfort, passage of the fiberscope followed by nasotracheal intubation can easily be performed after induction of general anaesthesia. I have previously described this method of direct visualisation of the nasotracheal route for tracheal intubation in a patient with basal skull fracture [2], as has Arrowsmith [3]. I advance the tracheal tube in unison with the fibrescope to ensure that the tip of the tube does not catch or impinge on any tissue or defect. As the patients are anaesthetised, direct laryngoscopy can be performed during advancement of the nasotracheal tube through the pharynx en route to the larynx [2] to ensure non-traumatic passage of the tube.
Influence of the structural changes during alkaline cooking on the thermal, rheological, and dielectric properties of corn tortillas. (1996)

Basic data on thermal, dielectric, and infrared spectra properties of cooked tortillas were investigated with the aim of understanding the role of lime, Ca(OH)(2), that is incorporated during the alkaline cooking process. The data are further supplemented by X-ray diffraction and texture measurements. The changes in the thermal diffusivities, as measured by the photoacoustic technique, as well as changes in texture, X-ray patterns, dielectric, and infrared spectra properties are presented as a function of the lime concentration. The results show strong evidence that there is a marked concentration of lime at approximate to 0.2% above and below where there are different behavior patterns of the measured properties of tortilla. In particular, the results of the study of dielectric constants and thermal diffusivity provide strong evidence for an enhancement of the starch crosslinking taking place at a lime content of approximate to 0.2%.
Genetic Dissection of Tropodithietic Acid Biosynthesis by Marine Roseobacters (2008)

The symbiotic association between the roseobacter Silicibacter sp. strain TM1040 and the dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida involves bacterial chemotaxis to dinoflagellate-produced dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), DMSP demethylation, and ultimately a biofilm on the surface of the host. Biofilm formation is coincident with the production of an antibiotic and a yellow-brown pigment. In this report, we demonstrate that the antibiotic is a sulfur-containing compound, tropodithietic acid (TDA). Using random transposon insertion mutagenesis, 12 genes were identified as critical for TDA biosynthesis by the bacteria, and mutation in any one of these results in a loss of antibiotic activity (Tda(-)) and pigment production. Unexpectedly, six of the genes, referred to as tdaA-F, could not be found on the annotated TM1040 genome and were instead located on a previously unidentified plasmid (ca. 130 kb; pSTM3) that exhibited a low frequency of spontaneous loss. Homologs of tdaA and tdaB from Silicibacter sp. strain TM1040 were identified by mutagenesis in another TDA-producing roseobacter, Phaeobacter sp. strain 27-4, which also possesses two large plasmids (ca. 60 and ca. 70 kb, respectively), and tda genes were found by DNA-DNA hybridization in 88% of a diverse collection of nine roseobacters with known antibiotic activity. These data suggest that roseobacters may use a common pathway for TDA biosynthesis that involves plasmid-encoded proteins. Using metagenomic library databases and a bioinformatics approach, differences in the biogeographical distribution between the critical TDA synthesis genes were observed. The implications of these results to roseobacter survival and the interaction between TM1040 and its dinoflagellate host are discussed.
ERCP training - the potential role of simulation practice (2011)

Clinical ERCP training is limited by the availability of patients. Different ERCP simulators are available to supplement the basic training of novice trainees. An IDEAL simulation practice should provide trainees with the opportunity to Improve basic skills, Demonstrates realism, with Ease of incorporating into a training program and Application in teaching therapeutic techniques, and allows Learning with real scope and accessories including the use of simulation fluoroscopy. Whether simulation practice will impact trainee performance and clinical outcome of ERCP procedures will require prospective evaluation with randomized controlled studies.
Conductor, dielectric and radiation losses in multilayer microstrip interconnects with dielectric cover for high performance packaging (1995)

Frequency dependent conductor, dielectric and radiation losses from multilayer microstrip with dielectric overlay have been calculated using Green's function in Fourier transform domain and compared with the measured data as well as other commercial softwares.
Depth‐ and viewing‐angle‐enhanced 3‐D/2‐D switchable display system with high contrast ratio using multiple display devices and a lens array (2007)

Abstract— An improved 3‐D/2‐D switchable display system with enhanced depth and viewing angle by adding two LCD panels to an integral imaging system has been realized. The proposed system uses the see‐through property of an LCD panel and displays multiple sets of elemental images on the LCD panels to integrate them on multiple locations simultaneously. As a result, the depth of the 3‐D image can be enhanced. For wide viewing angles, the time‐multiplexing method was adopted by displaying mask patterns on the front LCD panel. In addition, another technique to increase the contrast ratio of the proposed system has also been developed. Some experimental results will be provided.
Blocking online advertising - A state of the art (2009)

Online advertising has emerged as one of the major business models on the Internet. Publishers rely on the online revenue generated from advertising to offer many free services. However, it has become evident that online advertisements are now becoming quite intrusive and also consume a lot of valuable bandwidth to download zero-caching ads and flash or video ads. As a result many users are now using ad-blocking software to make their Internet surfing more enjoyable. The main contribution of this paper is as follows - it attempts to identify the main reasons why internet users want to block online ads; it also critically evaluates several existing ad-blocking techniques and conducts an experiment to measure the amount of bandwidth used by online advertisements relative to the actual content. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions.
Online estimation of power transmission line parameters, temperature and sag (2011)

This paper puts forward a framework for estimating transmission line parameters (including series resistance, reactance and shunt susceptance), line temperature and sag utilizing synchronous voltage and current phasors measured by the phasor measurement unit (PMU) in real time. Transmission line parameters are essential inputs to various power system analyses and applications such as power flow analyses and protective relaying applications. The estimated line temperature and sag can be utilized in dynamic thermal rating applications for increased power transfer. Different types of transmission line topology are classified and modeled to facilitate the development of corresponding algorithms. The proposed least square algorithms harness the nonlinear optimal estimation theory, and are capable of detecting and identifying bad measurement data, minimizing the impact of measurement errors and thus significantly improving the estimation accuracy. In addition, this paper studies an optimal approach for placing PMUs in order to determine the line parameters, temperature and sag. Numerical examples and preliminary results are presented.
Diagnosis and management of acute low back pain. (2000)

Acute low back pain is commonly encountered in primary care practice but the specific cause often cannot be identified. This ailment has a benign course in 90 percent of patients. Recurrences and functional limitations can be minimized with appropriate conservative management, including medications, physical therapy modalities, exercise and patient education. Radiographs and laboratory tests are generally unnecessary, except in the few patients in whom a serious cause is suspected based on a comprehensive history and physical examination. Serious causes that need to be considered include infection, malignancy, rheumatologic diseases and neurologic disorders. Patients with suspected cauda equina lesions should undergo immediate surgical investigation. Surgical evaluation is also indicated in patients with worsening neurologic deficits or intractable pain that is resistant to conservative treatment. The current recommendation is two or three days of bed rest for patients with acute radiculopathy. The treatment plan should be reassessed in patients who do not return to normal activity within four to six weeks.
CDC50A might be a novel biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer-initiating cells (2022)

CDC50A could be used to screen ovarian cancer-initiating cells and might be a new target to resolve tumour development in EOC patients.
Precipitation Prediction and Experimental Clarification of Mg-Al-Sn System (2009)

Phase equilibrium of the Mg-Al-Sn alloy system was calculated in detail by utilizing phase diagram calculation commercial package and other thermodynamic data for Mg alloys. The calculated phase diagrams were compared with the DSC results for the alloys of Mg-3wt%Al-3wt%Sn. The solidification and precipitation process of Mg-3wt%Al-Xwt%Sn were analyzed. The detailed comparison strongly supports the reliability of the selected thermodynamic description based on the results of thermodynamic calculation. It is clarified that when the Mg-Al-Sn alloy ends its solidification and cools down continuously, the phase Mg2Sn precipitated first from solid solution of magnesium, and then the Mg17Al12 phase precipitated at relative lower temperature. This is shown that the calculation phase diagram method considerably reduces the effort of alloy design and that the reliability of the results is high.
Nace Pribatua, la Asociación Vasca de Privacidad y Seguridad de la Información (2012)

El pasado mes de Junio se constituyo en Bilbao Pribatua, la Asociacion Vasca de Privacidad y Seguridad de la Informacion. Pribatua nace en con el proposito de ser el punto de encuentro entre los profesionales de la Privacidad y la Seguridad de la Informacion.
Thermionic effects caused by vapours of alkali metals (1925)

Abstract Early in 1923 it was shown that a tungsten filament heated to 1200° K or more in saturated cæsium vapour converts all cæsium atoms which strike it into cæsium ions. Thus when the filament is surrounded by a negatively charged cylinder a positive ion current flows from the filament, which is independent of the filament temperature (above 1200° K) and independent of the applied potential, if this is sufficient to overcome the space charge effect of the positive ions. At lower voltages the currents follow the 3/2 power law, and the currents are smaller than the corresponding electron currents obtainable from the same filament in the ratio of the square roots of the masses of the electrons and cæsium ions. The reason that the cæsium atoms lose their valence electrons so readily upon contact with the filament, is merely that the electron affinity of tungsten (Richardson work function) is 4·53 volts, while the electron affinity of a cæsium atom (ionising potential) is only 3·88 volts. Experiments showed in fact that if the work function for the filament is lowered to 2·69, by allowing a monatomic layer of thorium atoms to accumulate on the surface (by diffusion from the interior of a thoriated tungsten filament), the positive ion emission becomes negligible.