gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The tourism revolution in the Mediterranean 1950-2005 (2010)

The explosion of mass tourism since the end of the Second World War has had a tangible effect on crucial flows of manpower, investment and production strategy towards the leisure economy in a large part of the world, with changes that take us back to what occurred two hundred years earlier in the heat of the Industrial Revolution. However, perhaps it is in particular areas (as was the case with the thrust of industrialisation) such as the Mediterranean basin, where this view can be identified more accurately. Both approaches are reflected in the key objectives of the work. In the first section of this research we discuss the major figures available on the growth of tourism since the Second World War, whilst at the same time outlining the fundamental theoretical keystones of the study: the claim with regard to a particular techno-economic paradigm in the case of mass tourism, involved in the fifth technological revolution seen since the Industrial Revolution. The second section deals specifically with the Mediterranean in its main tourism elements, based on the sources available: number of visitors, overnight stays and tourism expenditure. Finally, some conclusions are offered in order to summarise the work.
A Beauty That Embarrasses (1971)

Tibor Teleman's wife, for example, whom he holds by the elbow as she stands out in the busy traffic. Seeing them, Tibor holding her arm, protecting her from the eyes of other men, from the madness of traffic, I see him thinking: What am I doing with this still beautiful thing that demands so much attention? I used to be a young man. Now I am old and harassed, a librarian, and I just want to sink into a big comfy easy chair when I get home. That battle should be over, the apples and cabbages picked. Women looked down on us when we were boys. We saw then that they were gross flowers kept in opaque greenhouses, tended with gloved hands.
SEX CHROMOSOMES AND REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY OF SOME INTERSEXUAL MARSUPIALS (1970)

Summary. Two intersexual tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii), one intersexual euro (Macropus robustus) and one intersexual brush possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) were studied. One tammar had 17 chromosomes instead of the 16 characteristic of the species. There were 14 autosomes and two X and one Y sex chromosomes (XXY intersex). The animal was of female body phenotype (weight basis) and had a pouch containing four everted and well-developed teats with underlying mammary tissue. Undescended non-functional testes were present, one of which was distinctly abnormal. The accessory reproductive structures (apart from the pouch and mammary glands) were of the male type and the penis was well developed. In the second tammar, dividing cells resembling spermatogonia in one gonad had 14 autosomes and one X chromosome (XO intersex). This animal was of female body phenotype and had a pouch containing two very small teats on one side, with underlying rudimentary mammary tissue. A small scrotum was present. The gonads were nonfunctional, undescended ovo-testes. Both gonads had tissue resembling the interstitial tissue of the normal ovary, and structures containing cells resembling undifferentiated spermatogonia. The accessory reproductive structures were essentially of the female type. The intersexual euro and the intersexual brush possum (XY intersexes) had well developed pouches containing rudimentary mammae but on dissection were found to have normal male reproductive systems, the testes being within the body cavity. These had small testicular tubules and a greater than normal quantity of interstitial tissue. There were no meiotic stages of spermatogenesis. It is concluded that the Y chromosome is strongly male-determining and that there is no obvious correlation between karyotype and occurrence of pouch and mammary tissue in marsupials.
Introduction (2002)

This chapter reviews basic concepts of information, fuzzy sets and fuzzy systems. It addresses Shannon’s information theory which is useful for problems of information transfer only; however, it cannot imply structure about information that would be very important for recognizing relationships among factors. The essential natural of fuzzy information is structural, but not transferable. The fuzzy set theory as an algebra is introduced to describe the fuzziness in fuzzy information. Statements produced from incomplete data are true or false to only some degree in a continuous or vague logic. Fuzzy systems are relationships among factors that map inputs to outputs.
Structural Basis of Fosmidomycin Action Revealed by the Complex with 2-C-Methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate Synthase (IspC) (2003)

2-C-Methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate synthase (IspC) is the first enzyme committed to isoprenoid biosynthesis in the methylerythritol phosphate pathway, which represents an alternative route to the classical mevalonate pathway. As it is present in many pathogens and plants, but not in man, this pathway has attracted considerable interest as a target for novel antibiotics and herbicides. Fosmidomycin represents a specific high-affinity inhibitor of IspC. Very recently, its anti-malaria activity in man has been demonstrated in clinical trials. Here, we present the crystal structure of Escherichia coli IspC in complex with manganese and fosmidomycin at 2.5 A resolution. The (N-formyl-N-hydroxy)amino group provides two oxygen ligands to manganese that is present in a distorted octahedral coordination, whereas the phosphonate group is anchored in a specific pocket by numerous hydrogen bonds. Both sites are connected by a spacer of three methylene groups. The substrate molecule, 1-d-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate, can be superimposed onto fosmidomycin, explaining the stereochemical course of the reaction.
Coherent Spontaneous Activity Identifies a Hippocampal-Parietal Memory Network (2006)

Despite traditional theories emphasizing parietal contributions to spatial attention and sensory-motor integration, functional MRI (fMRI) experiments in normal subjects suggest that specific regions within parietal cortex may also participate in episodic memory. Here we examined correlations in spontaneous blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal fluctuations in a resting state to identify the network associated with the hippocampal formation (HF) and determine whether parietal regions were elements of that network. In the absence of task, stimuli, or explicit mnemonic demands, robust correlations were observed between activity in the HF and several parietal regions (including precuneus, posterior cingulate, retrosplenial cortex, and bilateral inferior parietal lobule). These HF-correlated regions in parietal cortex were spatially distinct from those correlated with the motion-sensitive MT+ complex. Reanalysis of event-related fMRI studies of recognition memory showed that the regions spontaneously correlated with the HF (but not MT+) were also modulated during directed recollection. These regions showed greater activity to successfully recollected items as compared with other trial types. Together, these results associate specific regions of parietal cortex that are sensitive to successful recollection with the HF.
Properties of amorphous Co–Ta and Co–W films deposited by rf sputtering (1982)

Magnetic and thermal properties of Co100−xTax(11≤x≤25) and Co100−xWx(13≤x≤25) amorphous films deposited by rf diode sputtering have been investigated. In both systems, structural changes of these films from crystalline to amorphous lead to a drastic decrease of their coercive force Hc and the absolute value of saturation magnetostriction λs, where λs is negative. Since magnetic properties and structure of the amorphous Co–Ta and Co–W films depend significantly on the argon gas pressure PAr, the PAr must be adjusted to the proper value during sputtering to obtain films with soft magnetic properties. Typical magnetic properties of Co–Ta and Co–W amorphous films are as follows: (i) Co–Ta: 4πMs≤11 kG, −λs≤2×10−6, Hc≤0.4 Oe. (ii) Co–W: 4πMs≤11 kG, −λs≤8×10−6, Hc≤4.0 Oe. The crystallization temperature Tx of the amorphous Co–Ta films is above 700 K and Tx increases with the increase of Ta content in the films. Tx of amorphous Co–W films is above 940 K. In this alloy system, however, structure relaxation occurs at much lower temperature than the Tx, which causes an increase of Hc. This causes the soft magnetic properties of the amorphous Co–Ta films to be more thermally stable than those of the amorphous Co–W films.
Validation of a Risk Estimation of Tumor Recurrence After Transplant (RETREAT) Score for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Liver Transplant (2016)

We have developed and validated a simple and novel prognostic score that may improve post-LT HCC surveillance strategies and help identify patients who may benefit from future adjuvant therapies.
Effects of Whey Protein and Casein on the Plasma and Liver Lipids in Rats (1991)

The effects of whey protein and casein (both as a 25% diet) on plasma and liver lipids were compared in male Wistar rats. The plasma cholesterol level was significantly decreased in rats fed with a whey protein diet, compared with casein supplemented with or without cholesterol. These changes in plasma cholesterol were observed continuously for 70 days throughout the experiment. The concentrations of total lipids, cholesterol and phospholipid in liver were significantly decreased in rats fed with a whey protein diet compared to casein supplemented with cholesterol. There was a significantly higher influx of lipoprotein cholesterol into the plasma compartment after a casein diet than after a whey protein diet containing high cholesterol. These data suggest that dietary protein may induce different plasma lipids levels by modulating the rate of lipid influx into the plasma compartment in rats fed with a cholesterol-supplemented diet.
Endothelial progenitor cell homing: prominent role of the IGF2-IGF2R-PLCβ2 axis (2008)

Homing of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to the neovascular zone is now considered to be an essential step in the formation of vascular networks during embryonic development and also for neovascularization in postnatal life. We report here the prominent role of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)/IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) system in promoting EPC homing. With high-level expression of IGF2R in EPCs, IGF2-induced hypoxic conditions stimulated multiple steps of EPC homing in vitro and promoted both EPC recruitment and incorporation into the neovascular area, resulting in enhanced angiogenesis in vivo. Remarkably, all IGF2 actions were exerted predominantly through IGF2R-linked G(i) protein signaling and required intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization induced by the beta2 isoform of phospholipase C. Together, these findings indicate that locally generated IGF2 at either ischemic or tumor sites may contribute to postnatal vasculogenesis by augmenting the recruitment of EPCs. The utilization of the IGF2/IGF2R system may therefore be useful for the development of novel means to treat angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
Optimal Estimate of Transmission Line Fault Location Considering Measurement Errors (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Various transmission line fault location algorithms have been proposed in the past depending on the measurements available. These algorithms perform well when the measurements utilized are accurate; they may yield erroneous results when the measurements contain considerable errors. In some cases, there are redundant measurements available for fault location purposes, and it may be possible to design an optimal estimator for the fault location based on nonlinear estimation theories. This paper aims at proposing a possible method for deriving an optimal estimate of the fault location that is capable of detecting and identifying the bad measurement data, minimizing the impacts of the measurement errors and thus significantly improving the fault location accuracy. The solution is based on the distributed parameter line model and thus fully considers the effects of shut capacitances of the line. Since field data are not available, case studies based on simulated data are presented for demonstrating the effectiveness of the new method. </para>
Differential effects of fatty acyl coenzyme A derivatives on citrate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase. (1993)

We investigated the hypothesis that one mechanism underlying fatty acid toxicity is the selective inhibition of rate-limiting and/or regulated tricarboxylic acid cycle and related enzymes by fatty acyl coenzyme A (CoA) derivatives by examining the effects of several fatty acyl CoAs on purified citrate synthase (CS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). The results indicate that, at pathophysiological levels, palmitoyl CoA, a long-chain acyl CoA, is a potent inhibitor of CS and GDH with IC50 values of 3-15 microM. At much higher levels (in the pathological and toxicological range), octanoyl and decanoyl CoA (medium-chain acyl CoAs) inhibited both enzymes with IC50 values of 0.4-1.6 mM. Butyryl CoA, a short-chain acyl CoA, inhibited CS (IC50 = 0.9 mM) at toxicological levels but inhibited GDH poorly. These results suggest that the long-chain fatty acyl CoA inhibition of CS and GDH may assume some pathophysiological importance in fatty acid toxicity and in metabolic encephalopathies in which organic acidemia is persistent. The findings also provide additional support for the original hypothesis.
Control and management architecture for multipoint videoconferencing over ATM networks (2003)

In this paper we describe a control and management architecture for an ATM-based multipoint videoconferencing (AMV) system. The service specification of the AMV system defines control functions that emulate human interactions, management functions that manage the videoconference and improve the service availability, and a Web-based interface for easy control and management of the videoconference. To realize the AMV system, the required functional blocks are partitioned and a control and management architecture that contains a centralized server and distributed device managers is designed. After prototyping and then validating the AMV system on both ATM LAN and ATM WAN, we have the following observations and experiences: (i) reliable multipoint communications are crucial in controlling and managing the multipoint videoconferencing; (ii) coordination of the multipoint videoconferencing system must be maintained precisely to avoid service disruption; (iii) the control and management architecture can well support our AMV system.
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment Unlocks Energy in Agricultural By-Products (1985)

Lignocellulosic residues (wheat straw, corncobs, and cornstalks) were treated with a dilute alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide and suspended in cattle rumen in situ to measure microbial degradation. The rate and extent of dry matter disappearance were markedly increased as a result of the treatment. Results in vivo indicate that this treatment increases the fermentability of wheat straw structural carbohydrates such that this agricultural by-product may be considered an acceptable energy source for the ruminant animal. Treatment of wheat straw allowed more complete bacterial colonization and more rapid degradation of the cell wall.
Self-assembly of cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanocapsules (2009)

Stirring of perthiolated beta-cyclodextrin in water yields cross-linked hollow capsules ca. 50 nm in diameter, which can be used for encapsulation and controlled release of large molecules as shown using Reichardt's dye.
Review on UV-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization of Epoxy Monomers (2020)

Ultraviolet (UV)-induced cationic frontal polymerization has emerged as a novel technique that allows rapid curing of various epoxy monomers upon UV irradiation within a few seconds. In the presence of a diaryliodonium salt photoinitiator together with a thermal radical initiator, the cationic ring opening polymerization of an epoxide monomer is auto-accelerated in the form of a self-propagating front upon UV irradiation. This hot propagating front generates the required enthalpy to sustain curing reaction throughout the resin formulation without further need for UV irradiation. This unique reaction pathway makes the cationic frontal polymerization a promising route towards the efficient curing of epoxy-based thermosetting resins and related composite structures. This review represents a comprehensive overview of the mechanism and progress of UV-induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy monomers that have been reported so far in literature. At the same time, this review covers important aspects on the frontal polymerization of various epoxide monomers involving the chemistry of the initiators, the effect of appropriate sensitizers, diluents and fillers.
A simplified and rapid quantitative assay for propionic and methylmalonic acids in urine. (1975)

Propionic and methylmalonic aciduria occur individually in inborn errors of metabolism and together in vitamin B12-deficient states. A method is described for the simultaneous and rapid extraction of these acids from urine and their quantification by a simple gas chromatographic technique. The assay is based upon the spontaneous and quantitative decarboxylation of methylmalonic acid (MMA) at 225 degrees C. to its monocarboxylic acid product, propionic acid. By utilizing another substituted malonic acid, ethylmalonic acid, as a specific internal standard, accurate quantitation is possible by peak height ratio analysis, Endogenous propionic acid is then measured at 130 degrees C., a temperature at which methylmalonic acid does not decarboxylate. The assay is rapid with a total running time of approximately 2 hours. The method provides excellent resolution of propionic acid excretion at or above 0.5 mg. per liter of urine. The level of resolution for methylmalonic acid, in the presence of propionic aciduria, was 5 mg. per liter of urine.
Bulk photoluminescence of molecular crystals under two-photon excitation conditions (1994)

A study is reported of the spectral characteristics of two-photon-excited luminescence of polycrystalline samples of anthracene, diphenyl, and fluorene. The luminescence spectra recorded under two-photon, one-photon, and x-ray excitation conditions were compared. Considerable differences between these spectra were found. The main factors influencing the nature of the two-photon-excited luminescence spectra are reabsorption, surface energy states, and transition from spontaneous luminescence to superluminescence.
Unexpected formation of 3,3a,4,7a-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2,5-diones as well as arene carboxylic acids upon formal double exo nucleophilic addition of R1R2C−COO− to anisolechromium tricarbonyl complexes (1999)

Bis(trimethylsily)ketene acetals of the general structure 2 (R1 = H, Me, R2 = Me, Et, Pri, CMe=CH2) react at –78 °C in the presence of ButOK with a series of arenechromium tricarbonyl complexes 3 to give as expected, after oxidation with I2 followed by silica gel chromatography, arylcarboxylic acids 7. In the case of anisolechromium tricarbonyl 8, besides the m-methoxyarylcarboxylic acids, tetrahydrobenzofuran-2,5-diones 11, are formed as the result of a double nucleophilic addition.
Determination of serum isoenzyme activity profiles by high performance liquid chromatography (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of serum isoenzyme activity profiles by high performance liquid chromatographyTimothy D. Schlabach, Joe A. Fulton, Peter B. Mockridge, and E. Clifford. TorenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 4, 729–733Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50054a030Request reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (609 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Underwater Wireless Communications in Freshwater at 2.4 GHz (2013)

There are few equations for underwater communications in the related literature. They show that the speed propagation and absorption coefficient in freshwater are independent of the working frequency of the transmitted signals. However, some studies demonstrate that electromagnetic waves present lower losses when they are working at certain frequencies. In this paper, we perform a set of measurements of electromagnetic (EM) waves at 2.4 GHz in the underwater environment. In our study case, we fix the water conditions and we measure the behavior of EM as a function of several network parameters such as the working frequency, data transfer rates and modulations. Our results will show that higher frequencies do not mean worse network performance. We will also compare our conclusion with some statements extracted from other works.
myc family DNA amplification in 107 tumors and tumor cell lines from patients with small cell lung cancer treated with different combination chemotherapy regimens. (1991)

We studied 107 specimens (38 tumors and 69 tumor cell lines) from 90 patients with small cell lung cancer to determine the characteristics and clinical situations of patients from whom tumor cell lines could be established and the myc family DNA copy number. The proportion of extensive stage small cell lung cancer patients from whom a tumor cell line could be established prior to the initiation of therapy increased during the 10 years of the study (P less than 0.001). Amplification of one of the myc family genes occurred in 3 of 40 (8%) of the untreated patient specimens compared to 19 of 67 (28%) of the treated patient specimens (P = 0.01). The myc family DNA amplification occurred in 17 of 54 (31%) of the specimens from patients treated with cyclophosphamide-based combinations and 2 of 13 (15%) of the specimens from patients treated with etoposide/cisplatin (P = 0.25). Both tumors and tumor cell lines were obtained from 17 patients with small cell lung cancer and the myc family DNA copy number was similar in 16 of the 17 patients. We conclude that: (a) myc family DNA amplification occurs more commonly in specimens from treated than untreated patients (b) there are no prominent differences in the frequency of amplification following treatment with different chemotherapy regimens; and (c) myc family DNA amplification is similar in tumors and tumor cell lines from the same patients.