gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Pyrazole Compounds. V.<sup>1</sup> The Acylation of 1-Phenyl-3-hydroxy-5-pyrazolone Imide (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of Pyrazole Compounds. V.1 The Acylation of 1-Phenyl-3-hydroxy-5-pyrazolone ImideA. Weissberger and H. D. PorterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 11, 2180–2183Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01251a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01251a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fully balanced steady‐state 3D‐spin‐echo (bSSSE) imaging at 3 Tesla (2006)

In this work a 3D fully balanced steady-state spin-echo sequence (bSSSE) was designed and implemented on a 3-Tesla whole-body MR scanner. In contrast to previously introduced nonbalanced SSSE (nbSSSE) sequences, bSSSE features fully rewound imaging gradients. Additionally, all phase encodings and the readout prephasing are performed after the refocusing pulse. Its performance was compared with previously used gradient-echo (GE) and nbSSSE sequences. The signal response of each sequence was simulated by numerical solution of the Bloch equation. All sequences were then optimized based on these simulations for high-resolution (HR) imaging of tissues with short relaxation times and applied to in vivo HR-MRI of trabecular bone. bSSSE outperformed nbSSSE sequences in terms of SNR and SNR efficiency. Measurements of structural bone parameters revealed thinner trabeculae and a lower bone/bone-marrow fraction for the bSSSE sequence compared to the nbSSSE sequence. By applying a parallel imaging technique based on generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) with a reduction factor of 2, we were able to maintain a clinically feasible scan time using bSSSE. Comparisons of structural bone parameters revealed a difference of less than 3% for all structural parameters between parallel and conventional imaging.
Determination of Optical Constants: A Null-Method (1970)

A new kind of ellipsometer is described. Light reflected from a metal surface can be made circular-polarized by simultaneous variation of the azimuth σ of the incident plane-polarized radiation and of the angle of incidence φ. This can be checked by the zero-adjustment of a detector system consisting of a rotating analyser, radiation detector, and lock-in amplifier. The principles of the method are described with special emphasis on the accuracy with which ϵ1 and ϵ2 can be taken. The method has been used to determine the optical constants of gold in the range 1.9 eV ≦ h ω ≦ 4.0 eV without Kramers-Kronig analysis. Es wird ein neues Ellipsometer beschrieben. Das von einer Metalloberfläche reflektierte Licht kann durch Variation des Azimuts σ der einfallenden, linear polarisierten Welle und des Einfallswinkels σ zirkular polarisiert werden. Die vollständige zirkulare Polarisation wird als Nullausschlag eines Detektorsystems, bestehend aus rotierendem Analysator, Strahlungsempfänger und “lock-in”-Verstärker, nachgewiesen. Die Genauigkeit, mit der die optischen Konstanten ϵ1 und ϵ2 bestimmt werden können, wird diskutiert. Zur Prüfung der Methode wurden die optischen Konstanten von Gold im Bereich 1,9 eV ≦ h ω ≦ 4,0 eV gemessen.
A design of a memory management unit for object-based systems (2003)

Object-based operating systems have the desirable property of separating policies from mechanisms while providing a protected procedure call interface for accessing system services. However, the kernel mechanisms in such systems rely very heavily on efficient memory management. A set of criteria for supporting the kernel mechanisms in object-based systems is presented. The design of a simple MMU (memory management unit) tailored for object-based systems is presented. The proposed design is an engineering solution combining the features available in commercial MMUs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microbubble Generation (2008)

In general, there are three ways of generating microbubbles. The most common class uses compression of the air stream to dissolve air into liquid, which is subsequently released through a specially designed nozzle system, to nucleate small bubbles as potentially nanobubbles, based on the cavitation principle. These bubbles subsequently grow into much larger bubbles through the rapid dissolution of the supersaturated liquid. The second class uses power ultrasound to induce cavitation locally at points of extreme rarefaction in the standing ultrasonic waves. The third class uses an air stream delivered under low offset pressure, and airs to break off the bubbles due to an additional feature, whether it be mechanical vibration, or flow focussing, or fluidic oscillation. Conventional air diffusers rely on the structure of porous material for the nozzles to generate small bubbles, but fluidic oscillation in general promises to break off the forming bubble while it is still a hemispherical cap - the smallest shape for which bubble formation from a pore is likely to occur given the strong adverse affect of surface tension at higher curvatures. The first two classes of microbubble generation are usually associated with high power densities and power consumption by either the compression or ultrasonic treatment. The third class should have the lowest power consumption, provided it achieves the application targets of bubble size distribution, air phase holdup, and bubble dispersion. In this paper, recent patents in microbubble generation are categorized into the first and the third classes above. The subject area is reviewed for its importance in several fields of application, particularly generalized flotation processes and bioreactor treatments. Keywords: Microbubble generation, fluidic oscillation, microfluidic microbubble generation, high/low power nucleation
AlMe<sub>3</sub>‐Mediated Regio‐ and Chemoselective Reactions of Indole with Carbamoyl Electrophiles (2013)

Abstract Herein, we report the regio‐ and chemoselective reactions of indole with carbamoyl electrophiles in presence of AlMe 3 . Indole‐3‐carboxamide was prepared in one‐step from a reaction of indole with tertiary carbamoylimidazole in the presence AlMe 3 . Under conditions for the formation of an aluminium ate complex, the reaction was diverted to the indole nitrogen. Secondary carbamoyl electrophiles in the presence of AlMe 3 regiospecifically yielded trisubstituted ureas. The regiospecificity and chemoselectivity of the indole nitrogen towards ester and tertiary carbamoylimidazole functionalities were also studied.
Complex formation between deoxyhypusine synthase and its protein substrate, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) precursor (1999)

Deoxyhypusine synthase catalyses the first step in the post-translational synthesis of hypusine [Nepsilon-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl) lysine] in a single cellular protein, the precursor of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Deoxyhypusine synthase exists as a tetramer with four potential active sites. The formation of a stable complex between human deoxyhypusine synthase and its protein substrate, human recombinant eIF5A precursor (ec-eIF5A), was examined by affinity chromatography using polyhistidine-tagged (His.Tag) ec-eIF5A, by a gel mobility-shift method, and by analytical ultracentrifugation. Deoxyhypusine synthase was selectively retained by His.Tag-ec-eIF5A immobilized on a resin. The complex of deoxyhypusine synthase and ec-eIF5A was separated from the free enzyme and protein substrate by electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. The stoichiometry of the two components in the complex was estimated to be 1 deoxyhypusine synthase tetramer to 1 ec-eIF5A monomer by N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the complex. Equilibrium ultracentrifugation data further supported this 1:1 ratio and indicated a very strong interaction of the enzyme with ec-eIF5A (Kd</=0.5 nM). Formation of the complex was not dependent on NAD+ or spermidine and occurred at pH7.0-9.2. An enzyme-product complex, as well as the deoxyhypusine-containing product (modified ec-eIF5A), was also detected at pH7.0-9.2 in a complete reaction mixture containing 1 mM spermidine.
Therapeutic approach to regulate innate immune response by Toll‐like receptor 4 antagonist E5564 in rats with D‐galactosamine‐induced acute severe liver injury (2009)

TLR4 antagonist E5564 reduced GalN-induced ALI in rats. It may contribute to the treatment of acute liver failure through blocking endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha overproduction of macrophages.
Recent developments in $Cryst$FEL (2016)

$Cryst$FEL is a suite of programs for processing data from `serial crystallography' experiments, which are usually performed using X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) but also increasingly with other X-ray sources. The $Cryst$FEL software suite has been under development since 2009, just before the first hard FEL experiments were performed, and has been significantly updated and improved since then. This article describes the most important improvements which have been made to $Cryst$FEL since the first release version. These changes include the addition of new programs to the suite, the ability to resolve `indexing ambiguities' and several ways to improve the quality of the integrated data by more accurately modelling the underlying diffraction physics.
Complexity-Aware Assignment of Latent Values in Discriminative Models for Accurate Gesture Recognition (2016)

Many of the state-of-the-art algorithms for gesture recognition are based on Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). Successful approaches, such as the Latent-Dynamic CRFs, extend the CRF by incorporating latent variables, whose values are mapped to the values of the labels. In this paper we propose a novel methodology to set the latent values according to the gesture complexity. We use an heuristic that iterates through the samples associated with each label value, estimating their complexity. We then use it to assign the latent values to the label values. We evaluate our method on the task of recognizing human gestures from video streams. The experiments were performed in binary datasets, generated by grouping different labels. Our results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the arbitrary one in many cases, increasing the accuracy by up to 10%.
An Optically Pumped Cesium Beam Frequency Standard for Military Applications (1987)

An optically pumped Cesium beam frequency standard is being developed, based on the Frequency Electronics 7101 Cesium Tube. The A and B magnets of the 7101 tube have each been replaced by semiconductor laser diodes. The microwave resonance is detected by monitoring the fluorescence from the B laser, which is servo-locked to a hyperfine line of the D2 transition of CS. This prototype device represents the first commercial optically pumped atomic beam frequency standard. Short and long term stability performance of this device is discussed, as well as predicted performance for the next generation device. Laser requirements are also discussed with emphasis on techniques used to utilize comercially available semiconductor lasers.
Evidence that the Agr‐like quorum sensing system regulates the toxin production, cytotoxicity and pathogenicity of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> type C isolate CN3685 (2011)

Clostridium perfringens possesses at least two functional quorum sensing (QS) systems, i.e. an Agr-like system and a LuxS-dependent AI-2 system. Both of those QS systems can reportedly control in vitro toxin production by C. perfringens but their importance for virulence has not been evaluated. Therefore, the current study assessed whether these QS systems might regulate the pathogenicity of CN3685, a C. perfringens type C strain. Since type C isolates cause both haemorrhagic necrotic enteritis and fatal enterotoxemias (where toxins produced in the intestines are absorbed into the circulation to target other internal organs), the ability of isogenic agrB or luxS mutants to cause necrotizing enteritis in rabbit small intestinal loops or enterotoxemic lethality in mice was evaluated. Results obtained strongly suggest that the Agr-like QS system, but not the LuxS-dependent AI-2 QS system, is required for CN3685 to cause haemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis, apparently because the Agr-like system regulates the production of beta toxin, which is essential for causing this pathology. The Agr-like system, but not the LuxS-mediated AI-2 system, was also important for CN3685 to cause fatal enterotoxemia. These results provide the first direct evidence supporting a role for any QS system in clostridial infections.
Transitional combline/evanescent mode microwave filters (2002)

Traditional combline filter theory based on TEM mode coupling results in bandwidths which are too large, the increase being a function of the ground plane spacing to wavelength ratio b//spl lambda/. As the b//spl lambda/ ratio increases from 0 to 0.35 the bandwidth ratio BWR, defined as actual bandwidth/TEM bandwidth, increases from unity to over 2:1. This bandwidth increase has now been confirmed by calculation of the coupling coefficient between combline resonators using mode matching. Accompanying the increased bandwidth is a considerable increase in the unloaded Q, as expected from the higher Q of the evanescent waveguide modes.
Enriched Environment Increases the Myelinated Nerve Fibers of Aged Rat Corpus Callosum (2012)

In this study, the effect of enriched environment (EE) on the spatial learning of aged rats was examined, and then the effects of EE on the aged corpus callosum (CC) were investigated by means of the modern stereological methods. We found that EE significantly improved the spatial learning of aged rats. The CC volume, the total volume of the myelinated fibers and total volume of the myelin sheaths in the CC, the total length of the myelinated fibers in the CC of enriched rats were significantly increased when compared to standard rats. The increase of the myelinated fibers in enriched rat CC might provide one of the structural bases for the enrichment-related improvement of the spatial learning. This study provided, to the best of our knowledge, the first evidence of environmental enrichment-induced increases of the CC and the myelinated fibers in the CC of aged rats.
A Theoretical Analysis of Wafer Cleaning Using a Cryogenic Aerosol (1999)

Cryogenic aerosol‐based cleaning has been successfully used to remove contaminant particles from the surface of semiconductor wafers. The aerosol is generated by the expansion of an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen. Particles are dislodged by mechanical impact of the aerosol clusters, and their suspension and removal are effected by phenomena such as thermophoresis and turbulent lift in the flow stream over the wafer surface. This study presents a theoretical examination of the issues of aerosol generation and particle suspension and removal. The characteristics of aerosols generated in a freely expanding argon gas jet are studied using a coupled fluid flow‐cluster formation model. The role of thermophoresis in particle suspension and removal is studied by examining the relative strengths of thermal, diffusional, and gravitational effects in the boundary layer over the wafer surface. To the extent possible, theoretical findings are supported by experimental observations. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Syntheses of 2-Alkyl-3-(4-dialkylaminoalkoxy-benzoyl)-thieno[3,2-c]pyridines (1984)

This paper deals w i t h the syntheses o f thieno(3,Z-c)pyridinic i s o s t e r e s 4 o f two potent a n t i -a n g i n a l and/or antiarrythmic agents : amiodarone 1 and buto-p r o z i n 2. The corresponding tetrahydrogenated analogs a r e a l s o synthesized.
Distribution of serotonin 5‐HT<sub>1C</sub> receptor mRNA in adult rat brain (1989)

Based on in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH), we describe the anatomical distribution of the serotonin 5-HT1C receptor mRNA. In addition to the very high levels in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, 5-HT1C receptor mRNA is found throughout the limbic system, in catecholaminergic cells and in serotonergic neurons. Receptor transcripts are also present in the hypothalamus, numerous motor nuclei and the subthalamus. Our results correlate well with serotonin (5-HT) innervation and receptor binding. Receptor mRNA is present in many brain structures in addition to regions previously shown to have 5-HT1C receptor binding. The distribution of this receptor mRNA suggests that the 5-HT1C receptor may mediate a number of the central effects of 5-HT.
External ventricular drains: Management and complications (2015)

Maintenance, troubleshooting, and monitoring for EVD associated complications has essentially become a nursing responsibility. Accurate and accountable nursing care may have the ability to portend better outcomes in patients requiring CSF drainage.
Serum Amyloid A Protein Generates Preβ1 High-Density Lipoprotein from α-Migrating High-Density Lipoprotein (1999)

Serum amyloid A protein (SAA), an acute-phase reactant in reactive amyloidosis, has high affinity for high-density lipoprotein (HDL). When SAA is added to HDL, SAA displaces apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and phospholipid from the HDL particles. These dissociated components may form prebeta1-HDL because free apoA-I can associate with phospholipid to become a lipoprotein having prebeta mobility. To determine whether SAA generates prebeta1-HDL from alpha-migrating HDL, we investigated the effects of recombinant SAA on HDL subfraction concentration using nondenaturing two-dimensional gradient gel electrophoresis. When we added SAA (0.5 mg/mL) to plasma, the prebeta1-HDL concentration increased by 164% (from 4.7% +/- 1.3% to 12.4% +/- 3.2% of apoA-I, p < 0.005). The increase in prebeta1-HDL was proportional to the dose of SAA. When we added SAA to a column of Sepharose beads coupled to the isolated HDL (alpha-migrating HDL), prebeta1-HDL was dissociated from the column together with the SAA-associated HDL. In summary, we demonstrate that SAA generates prebeta1-HDL from alpha-migrating HDL. We speculate that SAA-mediated HDL remodeling may take place in inflammation.
Multiple-Objective Decision Analysis Involving Multiple Stakeholders (2009)

TutORials in Operations Research is a collection of tutorials published annually and designed for students, faculty, and practitioners. The series provides in-depth instruction on significant operations research topics and methods. INFORMS has published the series, founded by Harvey J. Greenberg, since 2005.
Allopurinol for the treatment of aggressive behaviour in patients with dementia (2003)

Aggressive behaviour is commonly observed in patients with dementia, and current pharmacological treatments are still deficient in terms of efficacy and tolerability. Allopurinol is an inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, with previously suggested anti-aggressive effects. After successful treatment of aggression in two patients, we performed a case-series study with allopurinol 300 mg a day orally for 6 weeks (increasing 300 mg every 2 weeks if the response was less than 50%) in six patients with dementia associated with prominent aggressive behaviour who failed to respond to two previous treatment strategies. Five patients were considerably responsive to allopurinol (four with 300 mg within 2 weeks and one with 600 mg), apparently without side-effects, which is in accordance with its well-established safety and tolerability profile. The observed therapeutic effect of allopurinol might be due to the inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, possibly decreasing production of oxigen-free radicals or promoting the accumulation of purines. Controlled studies are warranted to confirm these preliminary observations.
Swithced-Capacitor Stereo Decoders for T.V. and Radio Receivers (1985)

Conventional stereo decoder i.c.'s require many off-chip components and several adjustments. This paper describes two stereo-decoder i.c.'s, which use switched-capacitor techniques to allow full integration and elimination of adjustments. The first decoder is a decoder for television receivers which are based on the so-called "two-carrier" system (1). A second sound carrier is used here, that contains stereo information in the case of "stereo-mode", or information which is independent of that in the first channel, for instance a second languaoe, in the case of "dual mode". The second decoder is an fm-stereo-multiplex decoder for f.m.-radio receivers, which decodes a multiplex signal into a "left" and a "right" signal. A new system approach not only resulted here in full integration, but also in an improved specification. This approach can also be used for stereo decoders for t.v. receivers which are based upon a multiplex system, like for instance the recommended system in America (2).
Glycolipid changes in murine myelogenous leukemias: neutral glycolipids as markers for specific populations of leukemias (1991)

We have studied the glycolipid composition of six different murine myelogenous leukemias as well as that of T-cell leukemias and normal spleen cells. Neutral and acidic lipid fractions were isolated by column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and an HPTLC overlay method. Murine myelogenous leukemias were found to contain globo- and ganglio-series neutral glycolipids, e.g., glucosylceramide (Glc-cer), lactosylceramide (Lac-cer), globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), globoside (Gb4), Forssman glycolipid (Gb5), and asialo-GM1 (GA1). Monoblastic leukemia cells contained increased proportions of Gb3, Gb4, Gb5, and GA1. Monocytic and myelomonocytic leukemia cells contained increased proportions of Glc-cer and Lac-cer. Especially, Glc-cer accounted for approximately 60% of the total neutral glycolipids in monocytic leukemia cells. Gb3 was the major neutral glycolipid in reticulum cell neoplasm type A, and it accounted for approximately 75% of the neutral glycolipids. GA1 was the major neutral glycolipid in myeloblastic and granulocytic leukemia cells as well as T-cell leukemias. Especially, granulocytic leukemia cells contained predominantly GA1, and it accounted for approximately 80% of the total neutral glycolipids. The pattern of gangliosides in myelogenous leukemias was more complex when compared with that of the neutral glycolipids; murine myelogenous leukemias contained at least 13 gangliosides, including such major gangliosides as GM1, GM1b containing N-acetyl neuraminic acid and N-glycolyl neuraminic acid, and Ga1NAc-GM1b. Alterations of glycolipid composition in murine myeloid leukemias may be associated with cellular differentiation and maturation, and therefore these characteristic glycolipid species may be regarded as markers for specific populations of leukemia cells.