gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Laser Photobiomodulation at 660 or 780 Nanometers on the Repair of Third-Degree Burns in Diabetic Rats (2008)

The use of 780-nm laser energy was not as effective as 660-nm energy, but it had positive effects at early stages on the onset and development of inflammation. At the end of the experimental period the primary effect seen was on the amount and quality of the granulation tissue. The 660-nm laser at 20 J/cm(2), when used on a daily basis, was more effective than the 780-nm laser for improving the healing of third-degree burns in the diabetic rats beginning at the early stages post-burn.
Combinatorial and algebraic methods in star and de bruijn networks (1995)

Star networks and de Bruijn networks have received considerable attention recently by researchers as graph models for interconnection networks. It has been shown that they are attractive alternatives to the widely used hypercube model. In this dissertation, we investigate these two networks from combinatorial and algebraic points of view. We study parallel routing problems in star networks and network embedding problems in de Bruijn networks.
We start with a combinatorial problem called Maximum Partition Matching and develop powerful greedy techniques to construct an optimal solution to this problem. Sophisticated combinatorial analysis is performed to show the correctness of our greedy algorithms.
We then show how the problem of finding a maximum number of node-disjoint shortest paths between any two nodes in a star network can be reduced to the Maximum Partition Matching problem. A sufficient and necessary condition is derived for two arbitrary nodes in a star network to have a given bulk distance. This analysis together with the efficient algorithm for Maximum Partition Matching results in an efficient algorithm that constructs optimal parallel routing between any two nodes in a star network. This significantly improves previous research results.
In addition to studying the node-disjoint routing problem between two nodes, we also investigate the problem of finding $n-1$ node-disjoint paths between one node u and a set S of $n-1$ other nodes in the n-dimensional star network. We present an efficient algorithm that solves this problem in $O(n\sp3)$ time. Moreover, any one of the constructed paths connecting the node u and a node v in S has length no larger than 6 plus the minimum distance between u and v. This again significantly improves previous known results.
Finally, we study the de Bruijn networks from algebraic point of view. We present a homomorphism for the de Bruijn networks and show that it is superior to the previously known one. We then apply this homomorphism to embed higher dimensional de Bruijn networks to smaller de Bruijn networks. Results of embeddings from other large-size networks to smaller de Bruijn networks are also presented.
<title>Computer control system based on fuzzy control for boilers</title> (2000)

According tp the features of the combustion process of boiler the optimization of combustion is implemented by using fuzzy control principle. The paper states a control strategy implementing different control regulation in different phases (coarse, fine and precision tuning) for enhancing the thermal efficiency of combustion of boiler. The practice shows that the thermal efficiency increased 2.8%.
EuBa2Cu3O<i>x</i> produced by oxidation of a rapidly solidified precursor alloy: An alternative preparation method for high <i>T</i> <i>c</i> ceramic superconductors (1987)

High-temperature ceramic superconductors such as RE1Ba2Cu3O∼7 are usually prepared by reacting the constituent metal oxides (RE=rare-earth metal). We have prepared RE1Ba2Cu3O∼7 by an alternate method, first combining three metals into an alloy by rapid solidification processing, followed by oxidation to form the cuprate. Only Eu (or Yb) yields single phase RE-Ba-Cu liquids as required for melt processing, because their valency changes from two in the metal (assuring complete miscibility with Ba) to three in the oxide. The superconducting properties of the oxidized alloys are similar to those of EuBa2Cu3Ox prepared by the standard ceramic reaction route.
Antonioni’s Tragic Vision (1991)

L'oeuvre d'Antonioni est caractérisé par plusiers "paires binaires" récurrentes: nature/technologie; l'ancien/le nouveau; la personne/les masses; fusion/division; male/femelle. Dans chacune des paires, la relation des idées l'une à l'autre est très particulière, tellement particulière que les questions par rapport à sa nature sont finalement irrésolubles. Car, en partie, la relation entre les deux idées est une relation d'opposition. Le nouveau attaque l'acien et le détruit; la technologie envahit le domaine de la nature; les mâles exploitent les femelles. Mais ce n'est qu'une partie de la relation, parce que les deux idées de la paire sont aussi complémentaires; chacune à besoin de l'autre pour exister et pour se développer pleinement. Cette relation de besoin n'est pas uniquement une relation externe qui s'ensuit de l'exigence que chaque entité soit être circonscrite pour être définie, mais une relation interne qui joue sur la nature de chacun des éléments dans la relation. Ainsi, une personne ne peut devenir véritablement humain qu'en se mettant en relation avec un groupejnÊme quand ce groupe menace de lui enlever l'individualité exigée pour son humanité. La relation entre ses paires d’idées est donc essentiellement irrationelle. Plus tard, l'oeuvre d'Antanioni va encore plus loin dans sa représentation de la nature irrationnelle de cette relation. Le caractère irrationnel et itrésoluble de la relation se révèle donc comme ayant une importance structurale fondamentale dans les films d'Antonioni. Tout comme les héros des tragédies grecques, les personnages principaux des films d'Antanioni se trouvent pris dans une situation irrationnelle, situation caractérisée par la necessité aussi bien que par l'impossibilité et dont les exigences sont antithétiques et impossible à réconcilier. Cepedant à la différence des tragédies grecques, les films d'Antonioni présentent l'extrémité de cette situation non pas comme étant la conséquence d'un défaut de caractère chez une personne fourbe ou ambiutieusc, mais plutôt comme le résultat ordinaire des conditions simplement existentielles. Nous examinerons quelques-uns des filiations entre la vision du monde d'Antanioni et les idées des philosophes exitentialistes, surtout celles de Martin Heidegger.
Expression of AP1 during cellular differentiation determines human papillomavirus E6/E7 expression in stratified epithelial cells. (1997)

E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus (HPV) play significant roles in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. However, the pattern of E6/E7 expression during the productive virus life cycle in differentiating epithelia of the uterine cervix remains unclear. In addition, little is known about the cellular factors regulating E6/E7 expression in differentiating epithelia. In the present study, using transient expression assays and DNA binding assays, we demonstrated that E6/E7 transcription is critically regulated by the cellular factor AP1, a Jun/Fos heterodimer complex. Immunohistochemical analyses of various uterine cervical lesions showed AP1 expression in lower cell layers of normal cervix and low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), while it was detected throughout all layers in high-grade CIN and invasive cancer. In situ RNA-RNA hybridization analyses of organotypic raft culture specimens of an HPV-31-containing cell line revealed that E6/E7 transcripts were expressed in most cell layers, with reduced expression in differentiated cells. This pattern of HPV expression correlated with the pattern of AP1 expression detected by immunohistochemical analyses. These findings suggest that E6/E7 expression in differentiating epithelia is dependent on AP1, which appears to be associated with proliferative activity of the cells. Since E6/E7 expression induces cell proliferation, co-expression of AP1 and E6/E7 in undifferentiated cell layers might create a positive regulatory loop, probably contributing to maintenance of initial HPV infection and subsequent activation in basal and suprabasal cell layers.
Solar cell with extremely thin absorber on highly structured substrate (2003)

We report the optical, structural and photovoltaic properties of an extremely-thin-absorber (eta) solar cell on highly porous TiO2 substrates. Nano-crystalline absorber layers with a local thickness of only 150 nm have been prepared. This small absorber thickness allows good carrier collection even for absorber material with poor transport properties. The morphology of the highly structured TiO2 substrate produces strong internal light scattering, resulting in an enhancement of the optical path length by a factor 5. With 150 nm thick CdTe absorber layers, the eta solar cells produce an open-circuit voltage of 0.67 V and a short-circuit current of 8.9 mA cm−2 for 100 mW cm−2 illumination. Alloying the CdTe with Hg improves the short-circuit current to 15 mA cm−2.
GSK-1605786, a selective small-molecule antagonist of the CCR9 chemokine receptor for the treatment of Crohn's disease. (2010)

GSK-1605786 (CCX-282; Traficet-EN), a selective antagonist of the CC chemokine receptor (CCR9), is being developed by GlaxoSmithKline plc under license from ChemoCentryx Inc for the potential treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and celiac disease. CCR9 is a tissue-specific lymphocyte trafficking molecule that selectively attracts both B- and T-cells to the small gut. Inhibition of CCR9 by GSK-1605786 may inhibit B- and T-cell entry to the small gut and ameliorate inflammation while leaving immune function at other anatomical sites unaffected. GSK-1605786 was assessed as a treatment for moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease in the phase II/III PROTECT-1 trial and as a treatment for celiac disease in a phase II trial. Data suggest that GSK-1605786 is efficacious in patients with Crohn's disease with the advantage of being orally bioavailable.
Stem cell function and engraftment is not affected by "in vivo purging" with rituximab for autologous stem cell treatment for patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (1999)

The chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (Rituxan; IDEC Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, and Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, CA) has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as single-agent treatment of relapsed/refractory low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Initial results from the pivotal clinical trial revealed that response rates to rituximab were higher in patients who previously had high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. We have initiated a clinical trial that combines the use of rituximab with high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with chemosensitive relapsed follicular small cleaved or mantle cell lymphoma. A unique feature of this study is that in addition to eight maintenance infusions of rituximab after autologous stem cell transplantation, patients also received rituximab 375 mg/m2 2 days before a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized stem cell collection as "in vivo purge." We report on preliminary results demonstrating the safety and efficacy of the in vivo purge on 10 patients undergoing stem cell mobilization, nine of whom have already undergone transplantation. The peripheral blood CD34+ counts were 14.92 and 20 x 10(6)/L on day 4 and day 5, respectively, of the stem cell mobilization with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. This compares with 11.7 and 11.8 x 10(6)/L, respectively, for the control population. The median CD34 stem cell yield in the graft collection was 3.7 x 10(6)/kg in patients receiving rituximab in vivo purge compared with 3.1 x 10(6)/kg in the control population. The target stem cell collection was successfully collected in six of 10 patients in a 1-day single large-volume leukapheresis collection, while two patients required 2 days and the last two patients required 3 days. Functional assays revealed the stem cell colony-forming unit-granulocyte monocyte and burst-forming unit-erythrocyte to be 55 and 44 colonies per plate, respectively, for the patients receiving the in vivo rituximab purge. This compares favorably with 37 and 38.5 colonies per plate, respectively, for the control population. Neutrophil engraftment took a median of 11 days for both cohorts; platelet independence was achieved in 8 days compared with 10 days for the control population. The median number of platelet transfusions was two for patients receiving rituximab and 2.5 for the control group. Assessment of serum cytokines immediately before the rituximab infusion during the stem cell mobilization and immediately after revealed a twofold to sevenfold increase in interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6. The polymerase chain reaction analysis for minimal residual disease in stem cell collections and in peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of these patients will help to determine the efficacy of rituximab in vivo purge on disease progression.
Real-time shrinkage studies in photopolymer films using holographic interferometry (2012)

Polymerisation induced shrinkage is one of the main reasons why photopolymer materials are not more widely used for holographic applications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the shrinkage in an acrylamide photopolymer layer during holographic recording using holographic interferometry. Shrinkage in photopolymer layers can be measured by real time capture of holographic interferograms during holographic recording. Interferograms were captured using a CMOS camera at regular intervals. The optical path length change and hence the shrinkage were determined from the captured fringe patterns. It was observed that the photopolymer layer shrinkage is in the order of 3.5%.
Proliferating hybrid cells formed between rat spermatids and an established line of mouse fibroblasts (1973)

ABSTRACT Proliferating hybrids were formed between rat spermatids and LM(TK−) cl 1 D, an established line of mouse fibroblasts. Spermatids were obtained from dissociated rat seminiferous tubules by differential attachment of testicular somatic cells to culture plates, followed by gravity velocity sedimentation into linear Ficoll gradients. Cells were fused with the aid of Sendai virus and hybrid selection was facilitated by the inability of cl 1 D cells to grow in HAT medium and the inability of spermatids to attach or proliferate in vitro. Three types of cells grew in fusion plates: (1) unfused contaminant rat testicular somatic cells; (2) rat testicular cell × cl 1 D hybrids and (3) rat spermatid × cl 1 D hybrids. Unfused rat testicular somatic cells were morphologically and karyologically different from either type of hybrid. The 2 hybrid classes were distinguished by the total number of chromosomes and the number of parental chromosome markers. Rat chromosomes are preferentially eliminated from haploid as well as diploid hybrids and at least 3 rat enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, glucose phosphate isomerase and an unknown oxidase) are synthesized in hybrid clones of both types. The implications of partial haploid hybrids for genetic analysis are briefly discussed.
Kinetics of Some Metal Ion-catalyzed Hydrolyses of Isopropyl Methylphosphonofluoridate (GB) at 25° (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of Some Metal Ion-catalyzed Hydrolyses of Isopropyl Methylphosphonofluoridate (GB) at 25°Joseph Epstein and David H. RosenblattCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 14, 3596–3598Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01547a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01547a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Palladium Catalyzed Carboxylation of Cyclohexane with Carbon Monoxide (1991)

Abstract Very high turnover numbers of the catalyst in direct carboxylation of cyclohexane with CO have been obtained using palladium catalyst, to give 8.8% yield (turnover number 205) of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid based on the starting alkane.
Wild type but not ΔF508 CFTR inhibits Na<sup>+</sup> conductance when coexpressed in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes (1996)

Airway epithelial cells bearing mutations of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) possess an increased Na+ conductance along with their well described defect of cAMP dependent Cl- conductance. Currently it is not clear, how this occurs, and whether it is due to a CFTR control of epithelial Na+ conductances which might be defective in CF patients. In the present study, we have tried to identify possible interactions between both CFTR and the epithelial Na+ conductance by overexpressing respective cRNAs in Xenopus oocytes. The expression of all three (alpha, beta, gamma) subunits of the rat epithelial Na+ channel (rENaC) and wild type (wt) CFTR resulted in the expected amiloride sensitive Na+ and IBMX (1 mmol/l) activated Cl- currents, respectively. The amiloride sensitive Na+ conductance was, however, inhibited when the wt-CFTR Cl- conductance was activated by phosphodiesterase inhibition (IBMX). In contrast, IBMX had no such effect in deltaF508 and Na+ channels coexpressing oocytes. These results suggest that wt-CFTR, but not deltaF508-CFTR, is a cAMP dependent downregulator of epithelial Na+ channels. This may explain the higher Na+ conductance observed in airway epithelial cells of CF patients.
Brightly Tricolored Mechanochromic Luminescence from a Single‐Luminophore Liquid Crystal: Reversible Writing and Erasing of Images (2011)

A glowing image: The photoluminescent colors reddish-orange, yellow, and green, are generated from a single liquid-crystalline mixture containing one luminophore (see picture). The colors are easily distinguished by the naked eye and can be reversibly written and erased. Moreover, these luminescent colors can be switched by mechanical and thermal stimuli. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Inhibition of the catalytic activity of human transaldolase by antibodies and site‐directed mutagenesis (1996)

Transaldolase is a key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. While antibody (Ab) 169, directed against the N-terminal 139 residues of human transaldolase (TAL-H), had no effect on enzyme activity, Ab 12484 raised against full length and functional recombinant TAL-H inhibited catalytic activity. This tentatively mapped the catalytic site to the C-terminal 140-336 amino acid portion of TAL-H. Dihydroxyacetone transfer reactions catalyzed by transaldolase depend on Schiff base formation by a lysine residue. Replacement of lysine-142 by glutamine using site-directed mutagenesis resulted in a complete loss of enzyme activity, suggesting that lysine-142 is essential for the catalytic activity of TAL-H.
Environmentally Benign Nanoantibiotics with a Built-in Deactivation Switch Responsive to Natural Habitats (2020)

The massive use of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture has led to their artificial accumulation in natural habitats, which risks the structure and function of the microbial communities in ecosystems, threatens food and water security, and accelerates the development of resistome. Ideally, antibiotics should remain fully active in clinical services while becoming deactivated rapidly once released into the environment, but none of the current antibiotics meet this criterion. Here, we show a nanoantibiotic design that epitomizes the concept of carrying a built-in "OFF" switch responsive to natural stimuli. The environmentally benign nanoantibiotics consist of cellulose backbones covalently grafted with hydrophilic polymer brushes that by themselves are antimicrobially inactive. In their nanostructured forms in services, these cellulose-based polymer molecular brushes are potent killers for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including clinical multidrug-resistant strains; after services and being discharged into the environment, they are shredded into antimicrobially inactive pieces by cellulases that do not exist in the human body but are abundant in natural habitats. This study illuminates a new concept of mitigating the environmental footprints of antibiotics with rationally designed nanoantibiotics that can be dismantled and disabled by bioorthogonal chemistry occurring exclusively in natural habitats.
Probabilistic neural networks for medical image quantification (2002)

A probabilistic neural network structure is designed for estimating the parameters of a standard finite normal mixture (SFNM) model in medical image analysis. This neural network employs an unsupervised learning scheme based on the unification of Bayesian and least relative entropy principles, and has Bayes and maximum likelihood neurons which adaptively update the local fuzzy variables in the classification space with the capability of achieving flexible boundary shapes. The optimal network size and hence the number of regions for the SFNM model are determined by various information theoretic criteria, and their performances are compared for images with different stochastic characterizations. A Lloyd-Max quantizer is used to improve the initialization of this self-learning procedure. The performance of this learning technique is tested with both simulated and real medical images, and is shown to be an efficient learning scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>