gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The High Strain Cyclic Shear of Lead Under Imposed Hydrostatic Pressure (1997)

Square and round hourglass shaped specimens have been cyclically deformed to approximate shear strains of 100% under hydrostatic pressures ranging between 0-70 MPa. Square hourglass specimens were deformed for 10 cycles in limited duration tests. Each specimen was tested under a different pressure condition. In addition both square and round hourglass specimens were cycled to failure, also at pressures ranging between 0-70 MPa. It has been shown that there is a tendency specimens at higher pressures to survive longer in cyclic shear than those at atmospheric pressure. It has also been shown that hydrostatic pressure alone can not prevent the geometric disintegration of the lead specimen during high strain cyclic shear.
Directed Evolution of 2G12‐Targeted Nonamannose Glycoclusters by SELMA (2013)

Optimizing multivalency: Clusters of Man9 glycans, which are recognized by broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibody 2G12, have potential as HIV vaccines. However, optimal recognition by 2G12 requires optimum clustering of glycans. Using the recently described SELMA technique (SELection with Modified Aptamers), Man9 clusters have been developed, in which glycans are supported by DNA sequences selected from among 2×1013 variants (see scheme).
Evolutionary multi-objective optimization: a historical view of the field (2006)

This article provides a general overview of the field now known as "evolutionary multi-objective optimization," which refers to the use of evolutionary algorithms to solve problems with two or more (often conflicting) objective functions. Using as a framework the history of this discipline, we discuss some of the most representative algorithms that have been developed so far, as well as some of their applications. Also, we discuss some of the methodological issues related to the use of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, as well as some of the current and future research trends in the area.
Three Siderophores from One Bacterial Enzymatic Assembly Line (2009)

Siderophores play a vital role in the survival of bacteria, as they facilitate the transport of iron in low-concentration environments. Nature employs a variety of coordinating functional groups in siderophore scaffolds as a way of creating structural diversity. We have successfully shown that the pseudomonine synthetase can produce three distinct siderophore natural products and five siderophore-like compounds. The in vitro enzymatic production of acinetobactin has prompted a revision of the reported structure from an oxazoline to an isoxazolidinone. Our results reveal the inherent flexibility of the pseudomonine synthetase and thus provide insight into the evolution of siderophore biosynthetic gene clusters in bacteria.
Proficient metabolism of irinotecan by a human intestinal carboxylesterase. (2000)

Irinotecan [7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11)] is metabolized by esterases to yield the potent topoisomerase I poison 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin. One of the major side effects observed with CPT-11 is gastrointestinal toxicity, and we supposed that this might be due to local activation of CPT-11 within the gut. Carboxylesterase (CE) activity was detected in human gut biopsies, and extracts of these tissues converted CPT-11 to 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin in vitro. Expression of a human intestinal CE cDNA in COS-7 cells produced extracts that demonstrated proficient CPT-11 activation and conferred sensitivity of cells to CPT-11. These results suggest that gut toxicity from CPT-11 may be due in part to direct drug conversion by CEs present within the small intestine.
Predicting Solvent Stability in Aprotic Electrolyte Li–Air Batteries: Nucleophilic Substitution by the Superoxide Anion Radical (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•–</sup>) (2011)

There is increasing evidence that cyclic and linear carbonates, commonly used solvents in Li ion battery electrolytes, are unstable in the presence of superoxide and thus are not suitable for use in rechargeable Li-air batteries employing aprotic electrolytes. A detailed understanding of related decomposition mechanisms provides an important basis for the selection and design of stable electrolyte materials. In this article, we use density functional theory calculations with a Poisson-Boltzmann continuum solvent model to investigate the reactivity of several classes of aprotic solvents in nucleophilic substitution reactions with superoxide. We find that nucleophilic attack by O(2)(•-) at the O-alkyl carbon is a common mechanism of decomposition of organic carbonates, sulfonates, aliphatic carboxylic esters, lactones, phosphinates, phosphonates, phosphates, and sulfones. In contrast, nucleophilic reactions of O(2)(•-) with phenol esters of carboxylic acids and O-alkyl fluorinated aliphatic lactones proceed via attack at the carbonyl carbon. Chemical functionalities stable against nucleophilic substitution by superoxide include N-alkyl substituted amides, lactams, nitriles, and ethers. The results establish that solvent reactivity is strongly related to the basicity of the organic anion displaced in the reaction with superoxide. Theoretical calculations are complemented by cyclic voltammetry to study the electrochemical reversibility of the O(2)/O(2)(•-) couple containing tetrabutylammonium salt and GCMS measurements to monitor solvent stability in the presence of KO(2)(•) and a Li salt. These experimental methods provide efficient means for qualitatively screening solvent stability in Li-air batteries. A clear correlation between the computational and experimental results is established. The combination of theoretical and experimental techniques provides a powerful means for identifying and designing stable solvents for rechargeable Li-air batteries.
Long-term clinical efficacy of Sinemet CR in patients with Parkinson's disease. (1989)

Sinemet CR, a controlled-release form of carbidopa/levodopa, was administered for 36 or 39 months to 8 patients with Parkinson's disease in an open-label study. On standard Sinemet each patient had experienced "wearing off" phenomena, and 5 had also experienced random "off" episodes. Daily "on" time, dyskinesia time, disability score, levodopa dosage requirement, and dosing frequency on Sinemet CR were compared with baseline values on standard Sinemet therapy. After both 3 and 36 or 39 months of Sinemet CR therapy, 5 patients showed increased daily "on" time compared with baseline. All 8 required fewer daily doses after 3 months on Sinemet CR, but only 3 were still taking fewer doses after 36 or 39 months. Disability scores remained essentially unchanged. Patients continued to elect to remain on Sinemet CR over the 3-year period, citing improved predictability of response and less severe and precipitous "off" episodes as the main reasons. This experience suggests that patient acceptance of Sinemet CR remains high. A modest improvement in "on" time can be achieved and maintained in some patients for as long as 3 years. However, as with standard Sinemet, dosing frequency for Sinemet CR may need to be gradually increased with time in order to maintain benefits achieved.
Towards Early Detection of Red Palm Weevil Using Optical Fiber Distributed Acoustic Sensor (2019)

Red palm weevil (RPW) is a severe danger to the dates farming. We use optical fiber distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) as a solution to the detection of RPW via sensing the RPW activities sound.
A nonlinear analysis of pulsatile flow in arteries (1972)

An approximate numerical method for calculating flow profiles in arteries is developed. The theory takes into account the nonlinear terms of the Navier-Stokes equations as well as the nonlinear behaviour and large deformations of the arterial wall. Through the locally measured values of the pressure, pressure gradient and pressure–radius function the velocity distribution and wall shear at a given location along the artery can be determined. The computed results agree well with the corresponding experimental data.
The Determination of Minimum Tested Volume from the Deconvolution of Well Test Pressure Transients (2008)

Abstract Radius of investigation and tested volume are important results of well test analysis which can make or break future field development. Currently, their evaluation is either approximate or relies on a complete analysis of the transient pressure response using an appropriate model. A new method is proposed that uses the deconvolved derivative response to determine a minimum tested volume. It is accurate and does not rely on further transient analysis. The method can be applied to any oil or gas well test. It is simple and only requires input of data that is known at the time of testing. Furthermore, if the uncertainty in the deconvolution is quantified, then the uncertainty in tested volume is also defined. Field examples of both oil and gas well tests are presented which demonstrate how tested volume is easily calculated. Radius of investigation is calculated from the tested volume by making assumptions about the reservoir geometry. The method relies on a good deconvolution algorithm which can also compute the error bars in the derivative response. Recent advances in deconvolution algorithms have enabled the use of this simple but powerful new method to accurately calculate tested volume without the need for complex transient analysis.
Teaching Parallel Programming Using Both High-Level and Low-Level Languages (2001)

We discuss the use of both MPI and OpenMP in the teaching of senior undergraduate and junior graduate classes in parallel programming. We briefly introduce the OpenMP standard and discuss why we have chosen to use it in parallel programming classes. Advantages of using OpenMP over message passing methods are discussed. We also include a brief enumeration of some of the drawbacks of using OpenMP and how these drawbacks are being addressed by supplementing OpenMP with additional MPI codes and projects. Several projects given in my class are also described in this paper.
Retinal Dopamine Mediates Multiple Dimensions of Light-Adapted Vision (2012)

Dopamine is a key neuromodulator in the retina and brain that supports motor, cognitive, and visual function. Here, we developed a mouse model on a C57 background in which expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase, is specifically disrupted in the retina. This model enabled assessment of the overall role of retinal dopamine in vision using electrophysiological (electroretinogram), psychophysical (optokinetic tracking), and pharmacological techniques. Significant disruptions were observed in high-resolution, light-adapted vision caused by specific deficits in light responses, contrast sensitivity, acuity, and circadian rhythms in this retinal dopamine-depleted mouse model. These global effects of retinal dopamine on vision are driven by the differential actions of dopamine D1 and D4 receptors on specific retinal functions and appear to be due to the ongoing bioavailability of dopamine rather than developmental effects. Together, our data indicate that dopamine is necessary for the circadian nature of light-adapted vision as well as optimal contrast detection and acuity.
Multi-Layered Optimization Of Demand Resources Using Lagrange Dual Decomposition (2013)

This paper concerns mathematical conditions under which a system-level optimization of supply and demand scheduling can be implemented as a distributed optimization in which users and suppliers, as well as the load serving entities, are decision makers with well-defined sub-objectives. We start by defining the optimization problem of the system that includes the sub-objectives of many different players, both supply and demand entities in the system, and decompose the problem into each player's optimization problem, using Lagrange dual decomposition. A demand entity or a load serving entity's problem is further decomposed into problems of the many different end-users that the load serving entity serves. By examining the relationships between the global objectives and the local/individual objectives in these multiple layers and the optimality conditions of these decomposable problems, we define the requirements of these different objectives to converge. We propose a novel set of methods for coordinating supply and demand over different time horizons, namely day-ahead scheduling and real-time adjustment. We illustrate the ideas by simulating simple examples with different conditions and objectives of each entity in the system.
FinFET SRAM Design (2010)

This paper describes the SRAM design concept in FinFET technologies using unique features of non-planar double-gated devices. The parameter space required to design FinFETs is explored.Variety of SRAM design techniques are presented exploiting the advantages of tied gate and independent gate controlled configurations. SRAM performance, power, and stability for FinFET devices are compared with conventional planar CMOS counterparts. Modeling the variability of FinFETs through statistics is presented as well.
A total highway communications system using F<sub>1</sub>-F<sub>1</sub>repeaters (1970)

As part of the future improvement of the nation's highways, the Bureau of Public Roads is planning a two-way communications system. This system will incorporate various sensors to provide for better control and also many safety and convenience services which would be desirable for more efficient use of the highways. A unique radio system confined to highway right-of-way which is economical and has the inherent growth capability which would be required for a nationwide system is outlined. The design concept makes use of recently developed F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> -F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> repeater techniques which would result in a nationwide system requiring only two radio frequencies, one from the headquarters' control to the cars or trucks and one from the car to the headquarters. The highly stable roadside frequency is transmitted from the local headquarters' control point and confined to the highways on an F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> -F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> repeater system. The car equipment is a transponder unit whose frequency is controlled by the highway system. Automatic location identification of the car signal is provided. Signals can be either voice or digital. For growth and integration with other special services such as car or truck identification, traffic control, route guidance, etc., time-sharing channels can be added to both the highway system and to those cars that require it.
An electron spin resonance study of the reactions of lipid peroxyl radicals with antioxidants (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn electron spin resonance study of the reactions of lipid peroxyl radicals with antioxidantsJ. Zhu, W. J. Johnson, C. L. Sevilla, J. W. Herrington, and Michael D. SevillaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 18, 7185–7190Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100381a043https://doi.org/10.1021/j100381a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Nitroreductase gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy: insights and advances toward clinical utility (2015)

This review examines the vast catalytic and therapeutic potential offered by type I (i.e. oxygen-insensitive) nitroreductase enzymes in partnership with nitroaromatic prodrugs, with particular focus on gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT; a form of cancer gene therapy). Important first indications of this potential were demonstrated over 20 years ago, for the enzyme-prodrug pairing of Escherichia coli NfsB and CB1954 [5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide]. However, it has become apparent that both the enzyme and the prodrug in this prototypical pairing have limitations that have impeded their clinical progression. Recently, substantial advances have been made in the biodiscovery and engineering of superior nitroreductase variants, in particular development of elegant high-throughput screening capabilities to enable optimization of desirable activities via directed evolution. These advances in enzymology have been paralleled by advances in medicinal chemistry, leading to the development of second- and third-generation nitroaromatic prodrugs that offer substantial advantages over CB1954 for nitroreductase GDEPT, including greater dose-potency and enhanced ability of the activated metabolite(s) to exhibit a local bystander effect. In addition to forging substantial progress towards future clinical trials, this research is supporting other fields, most notably the development and improvement of targeted cellular ablation capabilities in small animal models, such as zebrafish, to enable cell-specific physiology or regeneration studies.
Microanalysis of gases in relation to organic and physiological chemistry (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicroanalysis of gases in relation to organic and physiological chemistryDean. Burk and R. T. MilnerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1932, 4, 1, 3–7Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50077a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50077a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Prediction of clinical course in diabetes using a simple coagulation test. (1989)

Peripheral vascular complications in diabetic patients are extremely variable. It has been suggested that they are related, in part at least, to accelerated blood coagulation. However, a simple test to monitor these changes in coagulability has not been previously described. This article reports that a test in which citrated blood, when incubated with either saline (control) or with endotoxin (to activate the extrinsic pathway) and then subjected to the determination of the recalcification time, can detect minute changes in coagulability. This technique showed that the recalcification times of both saline and endotoxin-incubated blood samples were significantly shorter in a majority of diabetic patients than in controls. These studies substantiate the significant incidence of hypercoagulability in diabetics.
Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Caspase-3 in Cortical Infarction after Photothrombotic Ischemia in Mice (2000)

Apoptosis-related cell death is linked to oxidative stress and caspases in experimental cerebral ischemia. However, the role of oxidative stress in caspase activation and subsequent apoptotic cell death after cerebral ischemia is unknown. The authors evaluated the role of oxidative stress in ischemic cerebral infarction after photothrombosis and the relation between oxidative stress and caspase-related cell death 6 and 24 hours after ischemia with and without U-74389G, a potent free radical scavenger (10 mg/kg, 30 minutes before and after ischemia induction). Reactive oxygen species, detected by hydroethidine oxidation, and cytosolic cytochrome c were detected in early ischemic lesions. Western blot analysis showed the cleaved form and the increased level of the proform of caspase-3 in the ischemic lesion 24 hours after ischemia. Decreased caspase-3 immunoreactivity was detected in the antioxidant-treated group after ischemia. Decreased DNA fragmentation and laddering were detected and the lesion was smaller in the treated group after ischemia compared with the untreated group. Oxidative stress and cytochrome c release occur in the ischemic lesion after photothrombotic ischemia. The free radical scavenger attenuated caspase-3 up-regulation, DNA fragmentation, and the final lesion. The authors concluded that oxidative stress may mediate caspase-related apoptotic cell death and subsequent cortical infarction after photothrombotic ischemia.
Electro-optic sensors for electric field measurements II Choice of the crystals and complete optimization of their orientation (2002)

We present a simple method to determine both direction of the electric field component to which an electro-optic sensor is sensitive and sensitivity to this component. For this purpose we introduce the concept of an electro-optic sensitivity vector. This work is done for electro-optic sensors working as amplitude modulators, as phase modulators, or as polarization state modulators. The method applies to any anisotropic crystal, regardless of crystallographic group. After defining three kinds of electro-optic sensor geometry that allow longitudinal, transversal or fully vectorial electric field probing, we make a comparative study of several commonly used electro-optic crystals. We derive the optimal orientations of the crystals with respect to the optical probe beam that lead to high-performance electro-optic sensors. We also treat isotropic crystals in the case of polarization state modulators. In contrast to anisotropic crystals that are sensitive to a unique electric field component, we show that isotropic crystals are sensitive to two orthogonal electric field components simultaneously.
Group V sPLA <sub>2</sub> Hydrolysis of Low-Density Lipoprotein Results in Spontaneous Particle Aggregation and Promotes Macrophage Foam Cell Formation (2004)

Group V sPLA2 may play an important role in promoting atherosclerotic lesion development by modifying LDL particles in the arterial wall, thereby enhancing particle aggregation, retention, and macrophage uptake.