gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Low-Molecular Metabolites Influenced by Intestinal Microbiota: A Pilot Study (2013)

Recent studies suggest that intestinal microbiota influences gut-brain communication. In this study, we aimed to clarify the influence of intestinal microbiota on cerebral metabolism. We analyzed the cerebral metabolome of germ-free (GF) mice and Ex-GF mice, which were inoculated with suspension of feces obtained from specific pathogen-free mice, using capillary electrophoresis with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS). CE-TOFMS identified 196 metabolites from the cerebral metabolome in both GF and Ex-GF mice. The concentrations of 38 metabolites differed significantly (p < 0.05) between GF and Ex-GF mice. Approximately 10 of these metabolites are known to be involved in brain function, whilst the functions of the remainder are unclear. Furthermore, we observed a novel association between cerebral glycolytic metabolism and intestinal microbiota. Our work shows that cerebral metabolites are influenced by normal intestinal microbiota through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and indicates that normal intestinal microbiota closely connected with brain health and disease, development, attenuation, learning, memory, and behavior.
Identification of A/H5N1 Influenza Viruses Using a Single Gene Diagnostic Microarray (2006)

In previous work, a simple diagnostic DNA microarray that targeted only the matrix gene segment of influenza A (MChip) was developed and evaluated with patient samples. In this work, the analytical utility of the MChip for detection and subtyping of an emerging virus was evaluated with a diverse set of A/H5N1 influenza viruses. A total of 43 different highly pathogenic A/H5N1 viral isolates that were collected from diverse geographic locations, including Vietnam, Nigeria, Indonesia, and Kazakhstan, representing human, feline, and a variety of avian infections spanning the time period 2003-2006 were used in this study. A probabilistic artificial neural network was developed for automated microarray image interpretation through pattern recognition. The microarray assay and subsequent subtype assignment by the artificial neural network resulted in correct identification of 24 "unknown" A/H5N1 positive samples with no false positives. Analysis of a data set composed of A/H5N1, A/H3N2, and A/H1N1 positive samples and negative controls resulted in a clinical sensitivity of 97% and a clinical specificity of 100%.
Saline versus balanced hydroxyethyl starch: does it matter? (2007)

SUMMARY The type of fluid used for correcting hypovolemia is still a matter of debate. There is increasing evidence that the choice of fluid may result in the development of hyperchloremic acidosis. As the base excess has been shown to be a valuable tool to diagnose circulatory derangements, development of metabolic acidosis by unbalanced fluids should be avoided because a low base excess caused by the choice of fluid is limiting this diagnostic armamentarium. Additionally, infusion of considerable amounts of volume with a non‐physiologic electrolyte composition appears to be associated with negative effects on coagulation, bleeding, blood flow, renal and gut function as well as on patient comfort. New light on this issue is shed by the introduction of a balanced volume replacement concept. This concept includes administration of balanced crystalloids and balanced colloids when necessary. As hydroxyethyl starch (HES), the colloid most commonly used in Europe, is solved in non‐physiologic saline solution, HES cannot fulfill the idea of a complete balanced volume replacement strategy. Preparing HES in a balanced solvent is supposed to reduce some substance‐specific negative effects. At present, information on the value of a total balanced volume replacement strategy is limited. Although it remains to be elucidated whether high doses or repetitive use of such a fluid replacement concept would be of advantage compared with a non‐balanced regimen with regard to mortality and morbidity, there are no arguments for refusing a balanced, plasma‐adapted volume replacement concept including a balanced HES.
Dispersion of Axially Symmetric Waves in Composite, Elastic Rods (1963)

The dispersive characteristics of axially symmetric waves in infinitely long, composite, elastic rods are explored. The characteristic equation relating frequency to the propagation constant is derived for two-material rods in which a solid, circular core of one material is bounded by and bonded to a circular casing of a second material of different physical properties. The equation is explored numerically using a digital computer for two rods displaying different geometric and physical properties. The lowest few branches of frequency spectra are developed from the roots of the equation, and the dispersive properties of the individual modes shown are discussed. The lowest few cutoff frequencies are established for each of the two rods, and the radial displacement distribution for each frequency is established. Finally, conditions are established for the existence of equivoluminal modes similar to those shown to exist in plates by Lamé and Lamb, in solid rods by Onoe, McNiven, and Mindlin, and in hollow cylinders by Gazis.
Picasso (2012)

This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of Picasso, a novel radio design that allows simultaneous transmission and reception on separate and arbitrary spectrum fragments using a single RF frontend and antenna. Picasso leverages this capability to flexibly partition fragmented spectrum into multiple slices that share the RF frontend and antenna, yet operate concurrent and independent PHY/MAC protocols. We show how this capability provides a general and clean abstraction to exploit fragmented spectrum in WiFi networks, handle coexistence in dense deployments as well as many other applications. We prototype Picasso, and demonstrate experimentally that a Picasso radio partitioned into four slices, each concurrently operating four standard WiFi OFDM PHY and CSMA MAC stacks, can achieve the same sum throughput as four physically separate radios individually configured to operate on the spectrum fragments. We also demonstrate experimentally how Picasso's slicing abstraction provides a clean mechanism to enable multiple diverse networks to coexist and achieve higher throughput, better video quality and latency than the best known state of the art approaches.
Effects of Dietary<scp>l</scp>-Arginine on Atherosclerosis and Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatationin the Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit (1996)

Dietary L-arginine supplementation causes an early rise in plasma arginine levels, with limitation of atherosclerosis in the descending aorta and preservation of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in resistance arteries, but this treatment effect is not sustained. Dietary L-arginine may not be of long-term benefit in the prevention of atherosclerosis in humans.
Mechanism of the Inhibition of Enzymatic Halogenation by Antithyroid Agents (1966)

Abstract Antithyroid agents of the thiourea type (thiourea, thiouracil, and 5-vinyl-2-oxazolidinethione) inhibit the enzymatic halogenation reactions catalyzed by chloroperoxidase. These compounds are competitive with the halogen acceptor molecule and serve as substrates for chloroperoxidase. These antithyroid agents are oxidized by chloroperoxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and a suitable halogen anion (chloride, bromide, or iodide). The first isolable oxidation product of thiourea and thiouracil is the corresponding disulfide. It is proposed that a sulfenyl halide is a precursor of the disulfide. Spectral evidence indicates the formation of an intermediate in the oxidation of 5-vinyl-2-oxazolidinethione. This intermediate is postulated to be a disulfide by analogy to the thiourea and thiouracil oxidations. The goitrogen 1,1,3-tricyano-2-amino-1-propene serves as a halogen acceptor in the chloroperoxidase reaction. Chloroperoxidase catalyzes the hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidation of thiocyanate. Thiocyanate oxidation does not require the presence of a halogen anion. Cyanide ion is one of the oxidation products. Thiocyanate ion inhibits the enzymatic halogenation reactions catalyzed by chloroperoxidase in a manner which is noncompetitive with respect to other chloroperoxidase substrates. It is proposed that antithyroid agents containing the thiourylene group or related structures inhibit enzymatic halogenation reactions by virtue of being extremely active nucleophiles and thus capable of reacting with an enzyme-bound halogenium ion.
ROCK1 mediates leukocyte recruitment and neointima formation following vascular injury (2008)

Although Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) activity has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases, the tissue- and isoform-specific roles of ROCKs in the vascular response to injury are not known. To address the role of ROCKs in this process, we generated haploinsufficient Rock1 (Rock1(+/-)) and Rock2 (Rock2(+/-)) mice and performed carotid artery ligations. Following this intervention, we found reduced neointima formation in Rock1(+/-) mice compared with that of WT or Rock2(+/-) mice. This correlated with decreased vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and survival, decreased levels proinflammatory adhesion molecule expression, and reduced leukocyte infiltration. In addition, thioglycollate-induced peritoneal leukocyte recruitment and accumulation were substantially reduced in Rock1(+/-) mice compared with those of WT and Rock2(+/-) mice. To determine the role of leukocyte-derived ROCK1 in neointima formation, we performed reciprocal bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in WT and Rock1(+/-) mice. Rock1(+/-) to WT BMT led to reduced neointima formation and leukocyte infiltration following carotid ligation compared with those of WT to WT BMT. In contrast, WT to Rock1(+/-) BMT resulted in increased neointima formation. These findings indicate that ROCK1 in BM-derived cells mediates neointima formation following vascular injury and suggest that ROCK1 may represent a promising therapeutic target in vascular inflammatory diseases.
Clinical application of neurotrophic factors: the potential for primary auditory neuron protection (2005)

Sensorineural hearing loss, as a result of damage to or destruction of the sensory epithelia within the cochlea, is a common cause of deafness. The subsequent degeneration of the neural elements within the inner ear may impinge upon the efficacy of the cochlear implant. Experimental studies have demonstrated that neurotrophic factors can prevent this degeneration in animal models of deafness, and can even provide functional benefits. Neurotrophic factor therapy may therefore provide similar protective effects in humans, resulting in improved speech perception outcomes among cochlear implant patients. There are, however, numerous issues pertaining to delivery techniques and treatment regimes that need to be addressed prior to any clinical application. This review considers these issues in view of the potential therapeutic application of neurotrophic factors within the auditory system.
Relationship of Early Lactation and Bovine Somatotropin on Nutrient Uptake by Cow Mammary Glands (1991)

Twenty-one multiparous lactating dairy cows with previous 305-d milk production records varying from 5900 to 13,600 kg were used to investigate effects of bST administration and stage of lactation on nutrient plasma arterial concentrations and arterial-venous differences across the mammary glands (uptake). On d 71 and continuing until d 126 of lactation, cows were injected with 40 mg of sometribove (bST group) or bicarbonate buffer (placebo group). Arterial and venous blood plasma samples were collected over a 12-h period on d 35, 70, 105, and 126 of lactation. Plasma concentration of glucose was 7% higher in midlactation compared with early lactation cows. Plasma concentration of acetate decreased from 2.11 to 1.87 mM in placebo versus bST-treated cows. Plasma arterial concentration and uptake of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate were .52 and .18 mM higher, respectively, in early versus midlactation cows. Concentration and uptake of NEFA were elevated in both early lactation and bST-treated cows. Triacylglyceride concentrations were 24 and 19% lower in early lactation and bST-treated cows compared with midlactation cows receiving placebo. Likewise, uptake of triacylglyceride was reduced in early lactation and with bST treatment compared with midlactation. The mediation of nutrient delivery and uptake by the mammary gland appears to be markedly similar between early lactation and bST-treated cows, suggesting a similarity between these physiological states and the homeostatic and homeorhetic mechanisms regulating nutrient partitioning in the lactating dairy cow. In early compared with midlactation cows receiving placebo, uptakes of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and NEFA were reduced, and triacylglyceride uptake increased.
Biomaterials‐Based Electronics: Polymers and Interfaces for Biology and Medicine (2012)

Advanced polymeric biomaterials continue to serve as a cornerstone for new medical technologies and therapies. The vast majority of these materials, both natural and synthetic, interact with biological matter in the absence of direct electronic communication. However, biological systems have evolved to synthesize and utilize naturally-derived materials for the generation and modulation of electrical potentials, voltage gradients, and ion flows. Bioelectric phenomena can be translated into potent signaling cues for intra- and inter-cellular communication. These cues can serve as a gateway to link synthetic devices with biological systems. This progress report will provide an update on advances in the application of electronically active biomaterials for use in organic electronics and bio-interfaces. Specific focus will be granted to covering technologies where natural and synthetic biological materials serve as integral components such as thin film electronics, in vitro cell culture models, and implantable medical devices. Future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted.
Air Conditioning (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAir ConditioningCharles R. DownsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1939, 31, 2, 134–140Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50350a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50350a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Comparison of the<b><i>in Vitro</i></b>and<b><i>in Vivo</i></b>Activities of IgG and F(ab′)2 Fragments of a Mixture of Three Monoclonal Anti-Her-2 Antibodies (2004)

These results confirm the importance of the Fc portion of Herceptin for optimal in vivo activity and demonstrate that even a mixture of three anti-Her-2 MAbs that are highly effective at inducing cell death in vitro requires Fc-mediated effector function for optimal in vivo activity.
Sensors Integrated Control of PEMFC Gas Supply System Based on Large-Scale Deep Reinforcement Learning (2021)

In the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, the flow of air and hydrogen is the main factor influencing the output characteristics of PEMFC, and there is a coordination problem between their flow controls. Thus, the integrated controller of the PEMFC gas supply system based on distributed deep reinforcement learning (DDRL) is proposed to solve this problem, it combines the original airflow controller and hydrogen flow controller into one. Besides, edge-cloud collaborative multiple tricks distributed deep deterministic policy gradient (ECMTD-DDPG) algorithm is presented. In this algorithm, an edge exploration policy is adopted, suggesting that the edge explores including DDPG, soft actor-critic (SAC), and conventional control algorithm are employed to realize distributed exploration in the environment, and a classified experience replay mechanism is introduced to improve exploration efficiency. Moreover, various tricks are combined with the cloud centralized training policy to address the overestimation of Q-value in DDPG. Ultimately, a model-free integrated controller of the PEMFC gas supply system with better global searching ability and training efficiency is obtained. The simulation verifies that the controller enables the flows of air and hydrogen to respond more rapidly to the changing load.
The Specific Heat and Degree of Crystallinity of Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Specific Heat and Degree of Crystallinity of PolychlorotrifluoroethyleneJohn D. HoffmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 7, 1696–1700Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01127a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01127a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Approach for Multi-User Access to Library Full-Text Cd-Rom Database Via the Campus Network (1997)

The Library CD-ROM jukebox with its enormous storage, retrieval capabilities and reasonable price is gradually replacing some of its counterparts. One of the greatest limitations in using the standalone CD-ROM jukebox is that only one user can access the CD-ROM jukebox database at a time. This paper describes the practical design and implementation of a microcomputer-based system with a Novell server that allows multi-user access to the library CD-ROM jukebox database via the campus network. Microcomputers are linked via standard network interfaces like Ethernet, high speed fibre networks and standard protocols (TCP/IP and IP tunnels) to login to a Novell server. Advantages of such a system includes, reduction in waiting time, improved access speed and reducing the damagethrough constant user handling of jukebox CD-ROM devices.
Template-Free Synthesis of a Highly Porous Benzimidazole-Linked Polymer for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture and H<sub>2</sub> Storage (2011)

A highly porous benzimidazole-linked polymer (SABET 1172 m2/g) exhibits very high gas selectivity CO2/N2 (70) and CO2/CH4 (10) and can store CO2 (19 wt %, 273 K, 1 bar) and H2 (1.9 wt %, 77 K, 1 bar) with Qst values of 26.7 and 7.9 kJ/mol, respectively.
Modafinil: Preclinical, Clinical, and Post-Marketing Surveillance—A Review of Abuse Liability Issues (2004)

Modafinil is an agent that is frequently used in the treatment of narcolepsy. More recently it has been used in the treatment of a variety of psychiatric, neurological, and medical illnesses. Due to its ability to improve wakefulness, modafinil has been viewed as a stimulant. Based on the potential for modafinil to become widely used in a variety of syndromes and settings, evidence from preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, human laboratory studies, and post-marketing experiences examining the potential abuse liability of modafinil were reviewed. Initial evidence suggests that modafinil has limited potential for large-scale abuse.
An Electrostatic <i>Gauche</i> Effect in β‐Fluoro‐ and β‐Hydroxy‐<i>N</i>‐ethylpyridinium Cations (2007)

Left-leaning molecules: As shown by X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations, N-(2-fluoroethyl)pyridinium (see picture; C gray, H white, N blue, F green) and related cations prefer a gauche conformation. In these systems, the gauche effect is attributed to an electrostatic interaction that does not involve hydrogen bonding. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z700714_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
There’s an App for That: Content Analysis of Paid Health and Fitness Apps (2012)

Development efforts could target public health behaviors for which few apps currently exist. Furthermore, practitioners should be cautious when promoting the use of apps as it appears most provide health-related information (predisposing) or make attempts at enabling behavior, with almost none including all theoretical factors recommended for behavior change.
A method for the construction of reflection laws for a parabolic equation (1968)

with b2ac <0 whose coefficients are holomorphic functions of 6, Xj and r. We present a general method for the construction of explicit reflection formulae (analogous to the classical Schwarz reflection principle for harmonic functions) for solutions of (1.1) which vanish along a noncharacteristic analytic surface. These formulae (cf. (8.3) and (8.7)) have a domain of dependence consisting, in general, of a one-dimensional curve extending from the reflecting surface to a specific image point. In special cases, however, the domain of dependence may degenerate to just the image point. An interesting aspect of our technique is the use of fundamental solutions which have singularities not only along the real characteristic r = const. = t associated with (1.1) but also on certain complex characteristics as well. The simplest case of (1.1) is the heat equation