gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bloqueo anestésico de los nervios ciático y safeno (2008)

As the number of elderly patients with VS increases, microsurgical resection will remain an important management option for these patients. Despite a poorer preoperative physical status in elderly patients, their morbidity profiles are similar to those in adult patients younger than 70 years. However, elderly patients may require longer convalescence due to prolonged postoperative imbalance. Not surprisingly, overall diminished functional reserve and advanced comorbidities may increase the mortality risk associated with surgical intervention in the elderly patients. Finally, there was a high risk of further tumor growth following STR in the elderly patients (6 [37.5%] of 16), underscoring the need for close postoperative radiological surveillance and consideration of early stereotactic radiosurgery for the tumor remnant following the STR.
Low leakage current optically gated silicon field emitter arrays (2003)

Gated silicon emitters (50×50 emitters at 20 μm spacing) having a “volcano” shape were fabricated by a dry etching-based technique. The insulating oxide layers formed by wet oxidation and low pressure chemical vapor deposition were ∼1 μm thick, and the Cr/Au film was deposited to function as the gate electrode. Quantum efficiency and dynamic range of photoenhanced field emission from gated silicon field emitter arrays improve at the expense of higher dark current (current with no photoexcitation) as the gate voltage is increased. For 830 nm photoexcitation, efficiency approached 29% at 130 V, and ratio of photocurrent to dark current peaked at 5.5 at 80 V. Measured saturation behavior was attributed to screening of the applied field by photogenerated electrons. Optical excitation with ∼10 ns pulses at 1064 nm revealed shorter anode current pulses at increasing gate bias consistent with an increase in collected drift electrons due to an increase in depletion layer thickness. Also, the ratio of anode current to gate current reached a high of 820 at 30 V.
Adapting Starburst for Elliptical Iris Segmentation (2008)

Fitting an ellipse to the iris boundaries accounts for the projective distortions present in off-axis images of the eye and provides the contour fitting necessary for the dimensionless mapping used in leading iris recognition algorithms. Previous iris segmentation efforts have either focused on fitting circles to pupillary and limbic boundaries or assigning labels to image pixels. This paper approaches the iris segmentation problem by adapting the starburst algorithm to locate pupillary and limbic feature pixels used to fit a pair of ellipses. The approach is evaluated by comparing the fits to ground truth. Two metrics are used in the evaluation, the first based on the algebraic distance between ellipses, the second based on ellipse chamfer images. Results are compared to segmentations produced by ND_IRIS over randomly selected images from the iris challenge evaluation database. Statistical evidence shows significant improvement of starburst's elliptical fits over the circular fits on which ND_IRIS relies.
Accounting history publications 2004 (2005)

Below are listed 2004 publications, in English, within the general area of accounting history. The definition of what constitutes an accounting history article is not always a straightforward matte...
Acylal Hydrolysis. The Hydrolysis of γ-Ethoxy-γ-butyrolactone (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcylal Hydrolysis. The Hydrolysis of γ-Ethoxy-γ-butyrolactoneThomas H. FifeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 2, 271–275Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01080a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (570 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SiC Crystal Growth by HTCVD (2004)

Advances in the development of the HTCVD technique for growth of bulk 2-inch diameter 4H SiC crystals are reviewed with demonstration of micropipe density down to 0.3 cm(-2), low crystal bending and X-ray rocking curve widths of 12. High Al doping in p-type substrates enables resistivities down to 0.5 Omega cm without increased micropipe density, while too high N doping causes spontaneous stacking faults formation in annealed n-type substrates. High purity semi-insulating wafers, grown under conditions reducing the incorporation of Si-vacancies, exhibit lower density of vacancy clusters and better properties for microwave device applications.
Structure and properties of Ti4+-ureasil organic-inorganic hybrids (2006)

Hybrid planar waveguides were prepared from Ti4+-acetylacetone (acac)-Ureasil sols deposited on glass substrates. Structural features have been investigated by spectroscopic measurements (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman scattering) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). Addition of Ti4+-acac to the ureasil (Ti:Si molar ratio 1:1) leads to the formation of bonds between the Ti complex and the siloxane groups, whereas further addition of Ti4+ (Ti:Si molar ratio 5:1) leads to the additional formation of titanium-rich nanoclusters. The optical parameters of the waveguides such as refractive index, thickness, propagating modes and attenuation coefficient were measured at 632.8, 543.5 and 1550 nm by the prism coupling technique. The refractive index can be tuned by the Ti4+ relative content. The few microns thick planar waveguides support well confined propagating modes with low attenuation loss for all compositions.
Mutations in the X-linked E1α subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase leading to deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (1993)

Human PDH complex deficiency is an extremely heterogeneous disease in its presentation and clinical course. In an investigation at the level of the gene into ten cases of PDH complex (E1) deficiency, we found that all had mutations in the coding sequence of the X-linked E1 alpha gene while the E1 beta coding sequence was normal. Six of these patients (three males, three females) had missense mutations resulting in a changed amino acid residue in the E1 alpha subunit at positions amino acid 148 (in two siblings), 170, 202, 234 and 263 of the mature protein. Two of the females had one normal E1 alpha gene and one with a deletion at the sites of tandem repeats of AGTAAGA and TAT respectively. The two remaining females also had one normal E1 alpha gene and one with an insertion. Both insertions, one of 2 bp and one of 4 bp, occurred in DNA hotspots normally associated with deletions. Only two of these ten mutations have been reported in other patients previously. In the five cases (including the two siblings) where parent DNA was available, only in one case could the same mutation be found in the patient as well as the maternal genomic DNA.
Reduction of f/sub t/ by nonuniform base bandgap narrowing (1989)

Analytical and simulation results are presented to illustrate qualitatively the effect of doping on base transit time. Nonuniform base bandgap narrowing (BGN) in silicon bipolar transistors can give rise to an electric field that is comparable to and against the built-in field. The base transit time tau is subsequently increased, leading to a deterioration of the cutoff frequency f/sub 1/. It is shown that the BGN effectively reduces the impurity profile grading factor K and subsequently the transit-time coefficient eta . Physically, the minority carriers can be thought of as moving in a new profile characterized by a reduced eta but in the absence of BGN. Unlike earlier investigations which also consider effective BGN dopings but ignore the field effects, this treatment includes their impact on the minority-carrier base transit time. For a steep exponential profile with strong BGN, an increase of eta by a factor 3.57 at 300 K is calculated. Device simulations predict a smaller f/sub t/ reduction factor of 1.5 for more general profiles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Second primary cancers in the Vaud and Neuchâtel Cancer Registries (2014)

An increasing proportion of new cancers is registered in patients who have received a previous cancer diagnosis. As data are inconsistent across studies, we provided information for populations long covered by valid cancer registration. Data were derived from the Swiss cancer Registries of Vaud and Neuchâtel (885,000 inhabitants). Patients diagnosed with a new malignancy (except skin basal and squamous cell carcinomas) during the period 2005-2010 were included. Over the period 2005-2010, 24,859 patients were registered with incident cancer. Of these, 3127 (13%) had multiple primary cancers and 578 (2.3%) were synchronous. Breast, prostate, colorectum, skin, melanomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SHN) and bladder/ureter were the most common sites of first neoplasms, whereas breast, lung, colorectum, prostate, melanoma, and SHN were the most common sites of second neoplasms. The most common pairing was breast with breast (31% synchronous), followed by the bladder/ureter with the prostate (72% synchronous), prostate with the colorectum, SHN with SHN, and SHN with lung. Five-year crude survival of patients with synchronous cancers (34%) was not significantly lower than that of patients with single neoplasms (39%). This population-based study indicates that about one in eight incident neoplasms in these mature registries are second neoplasms and almost 1/40 patients are diagnosed with synchronous primary cancers. These are related to shared genetic and environmental factors as well as diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. As cancer diagnosis and survival is likely to improve, the proportion of patients with multiple primary cancers will further increase in the future.
8 channel InGaAs/InP quantum well asymmetric Fabry-Perot modulator hybridised with foundry VLSI silicon CMOS drive circuits (1992)

The fabrication and performance of 8 element arrays of asymmetric Fabry-Perot reflective modulators in the InGaAsP material system driven directly from silicon VLSI circuits are reported. These arrays were solder bond hybridised onto CMOS driver circuits for chip level optical interconnect, and have demonstrated contrast ratios of 4.8 dB and reflectivity changes of 22% when driven directly from the CMOS circuit.
A Fast Mutual Exclusion Algorithm (1985)

A new solution to the mutual exclusion problem is presented that, in the absence of contention, requires only seven memory accesses. It assumes atomic reads and atomic writes to shared registers. Capsule Review To build a useful computing system from a collection of processors that communicate by sharing memory, but lack any atomic operation more complex than a memory read or write, it is necessary to implement mutual exclusion using only these operations. Solutions to this problem have been known for twenty years, but they are linear in the number of processors. Lamport presents a new algorithm which takes constant time (five writes and two reads) in the absence of contention, which is the normal case. To achieve this performance it sacrifices fairness, which is probably unimportant in practical applications. The paper gives an informal argument that the algorithm&apos;s performance in the absence of contention is optimal, and a fairly formal proof of safety and freedom from deadlock, u...
Gangliosides and Gangliosidoses: Principles of Molecular and Metabolic Pathogenesis (2013)

Gangliosides are the main glycolipids of neuronal plasma membranes. Their surface patterns are generated by coordinated processes, involving biosynthetic pathways of the secretory compartments, catabolic steps of the endolysosomal system, and intracellular trafficking. Inherited defects in ganglioside biosynthesis causing fatal neurodegenerative diseases have been described so far almost exclusively in mouse models, whereas inherited defects in ganglioside catabolism causing various clinical forms of GM1- and GM2-gangliosidoses have long been known. For digestion, gangliosides are endocytosed and reach intra-endosomal vesicles. At the level of late endosomes, they are depleted of membrane-stabilizing lipids like cholesterol and enriched with bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP). Lysosomal catabolism is catalyzed at acidic pH values by cationic sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs), presenting lipids to their respective hydrolases, electrostatically attracted to the negatively charged surface of the luminal BMP-rich vesicles. Various inherited defects of ganglioside hydrolases, e.g., of β-galactosidase and β-hexosaminidases, and of GM2-activator protein, cause infantile (with tetraparesis, dementia, blindness) and different protracted clinical forms of GM1- and GM2-gangliosidoses. Mutations yielding proteins with small residual catabolic activities in the lysosome give rise to juvenile and adult clinical forms with a wide range of clinical symptomatology. Apart from patients' differences in their genetic background, clinical heterogeneity may be caused by rather diverse substrate specificities and functions of lysosomal hydrolases, multifunctional properties of SAPs, and the strong regulation of ganglioside catabolism by membrane lipids. Currently, there is no treatment available for neuronal ganglioside storage diseases. Therapeutic approaches in mouse models and patients with juvenile forms of gangliosidoses are discussed.
A comparison of trace-sampling techniques for multi-megabyte caches (1994)

The paper compares the trace-sampling techniques of set sampling and time sampling. Using the multi-billion reference traces of A. Borg et al. (1990), we apply both techniques to multi-megabyte caches, where sampling is most valuable. We evaluate whether either technique meets a 10% sampling goal: a method meets this goal if, at least 90% of the time, it estimates the trace's true misses per instruction with /spl les/10% relative error using /spl les/10% of the trace. Results for these traces and caches show that set sampling meets the 10% sampling goal, while time sampling does not. We also find that cold-start bias in time samples is most effectively reduced by the technique of D.A. Wood et al. (1991). Nevertheless, overcoming cold-start bias requires tens of millions of consecutive references.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In situ calcium carbonate dissolution in the Pacific Ocean (2002)

Over the past several years researchers have been working to synthesize the WOCE/JGOFS global CO 2 survey data to better understand carbon cycling processes in the oceans. The Pacific Ocean data set has over 35,000 sample locations with at least two carbon parameters, oxygen, nutrients, CFC tracers, and hydrographic parameters. In this paper we estimate the in situ CaCO 3 dissolution rates in the Pacific Ocean water column. Calcium carbonate dissolution rates ranging from 0.01–1.1 μmol kg −1 yr −1 are observed in intermediate and deepwater beginning near the aragonite saturation horizon. In the North Pacific Intermediate Water between 400 and 800 m, CaCO 3 dissolution rates are more than 7 times faster than observed in middle and deep water depths (average = 0.051 μmol kg −1 yr −1 ). The total amount of CaCO 3 that is dissolved within the Pacific is determined by integrating excess alkalinity throughout the water column. The total inventory of CaCO 3 added by particle dissolution in the Pacific Ocean, north of 40°S, is 157 Pg C. This amounts to an average dissolution rate of approximately 0.31 Pg C yr −1 . This estimate is approximately 74% of the export production of CaCO 3 estimated for the Pacific Ocean. These estimates should be considered to be upper limits for in situ carbonate dissolution in the Pacific Ocean, since a portion of the alkalinity increase results from inputs from sediments.
On the Benefits of Attributional Robustness. (2019)

Interpretability is an emerging area of research in trustworthy machine learning. Safe deployment of machine\nlearning system mandates that the prediction and its explanation be reliable and robust. Recently, it was shown that one could craft perturbations that produce perceptually indistinguishable inputs having the same prediction, yet very different interpretations. We tackle the problem of attributional robustness (i.e. models having robust explanations) by maximizing the alignment between the input image and its saliency map using soft-margin triplet loss. We propose a robust attribution training methodology that beats the stateof-the-art attributional robustness measure by a margin of≈ 6-18 % on several standard datasets, ie. SVHN, CIFAR10 and GTSRB. We further show the utility of the proposed robust model in the domain of weakly supervised object localization and segmentation. Our proposed robust model also achieves a new state-of-the-art object localization accuracy on the CUB-200 dataset.
Relative Permeability Correlation for Mixed-Wet Reservoirs (2000)

Abstract A two-phase (oil-water) relative permeability correlation for mixed-wet reservoir rock is developed and validated in this paper, including bounding drainage and imbibition processes and scanning hysteresis loops, all integrated with the corresponding changes in capillary pressure. The Corey-Burdine type relative permeability correlation is widely used in the industry. It was originally developed for water-wet reservoirs from a Brooks-Corey power-law capillary pressure correlation in combination with a bundle-of-tubes model of the pore network. We have adjusted the Brooks-Corey capillary pressure correlation to be valid for mixed-wet rock and now present the ensuing Corey-Burdine relative permeability correlation for mixed-wet reservoirs. The functional form of the relative permeability correlation is symmetric with respect to fluid-dependent properties since neither fluid is privileged in a mixed-wet environment. It reverts to the standard Corey-Burdine correlation for the completely water- or oil-wet case. A water-wet behavior is displayed at low water saturations and an oil-wet behavior at low oil saturations, in accordance with experiments. The correlation provides an inverted S-shape oil relative permeability curve with an inflection point, and closed hysteresis scanning loops, as observed. The correlation is validated by comparison with measured relative permeability curves and simultaneously measured capillary pressure and relative permeability curves from the literature. The correlations and hysteresis logic are easily programmed, and we suggest that the Killough hysteresis model, employed in many numerical reservoir simulators, should be updated with the new scheme.
A Raman optical activity study of rheomorphism in caseins, synucleins and tau (2002)

The casein milk proteins and the brain proteins alpha-synuclein and tau have been described as natively unfolded with random coil structures, which, in the case of alpha-synuclein and tau, have a propensity to form the fibrils found in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. New insight into the structures of these proteins has been provided by a Raman optical activity study, supplemented with differential scanning calorimetry, of bovine beta- and kappa-casein, recombinant human alpha-, beta- and gamma-synuclein, together with the A30P and A53T mutants of alpha-synuclein associated with familial cases of Parkinson's disease, and recombinant human tau 46 together with the tau 46 P301L mutant associated with inherited frontotemporal dementia. The Raman optical activity spectra of all these proteins are very similar, being dominated by a strong positive band centred at approximately 1318 cm(-1) that may be due to the poly(l-proline) II (PPII) helical conformation. There are no Raman optical activity bands characteristic of extended secondary structure, although some unassociated beta strand may be present. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed no thermal transitions for these proteins in the range 15-110 degrees C, suggesting that the structures are loose and noncooperative. As it is extended, flexible, lacks intrachain hydrogen bonds and is hydrated in aqueous solution, PPII helix may impart a rheomorphic (flowing shape) character to the structure of these proteins that could be essential for their native function but which may, in the case of alpha-synuclein and tau, result in a propensity for pathological fibril formation due to particular residue properties.
Survey of four different photoreactive moieties for DNA photoaffinity labeling of yeast RNA polymerase III transcription complexes (1998)

In order to optimize the detection of protein-DNA contacts by DNA photoaffinity labeling, we attached four different photoreactive groups to DNA and examined their ability to crosslink yeast RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcription complexes. Photoreactive nucleotides containing an aryl azide (AB-dUMP), benzophenone (BP-dUMP), perfluorinated aryl azide (FAB-dUMP) or diazirine (DB-dUMP) coupled to 5-aminoallyl deoxyuridine were incorporated into the SUP4 tRNATyr gene at bp -3/-2 or +11. Photo-crosslinking with diazirine revealed contacts of Pol III with DNA that are not detected by DNA photoaffinity labeling using an aryl azide, fluorinated aryl azide or benzophenone group attached to DNA. These novel contacts were of the 82 kDa subunit of Pol III with DNA at bp -3/-2 in the initiation complex and of the 82, 40(37) and 31 kDa subunits of Pol III with DNA at bp +11 in elongation complexes stalled at bp +17. These results provide evidence for the subcomplex of the 82, 34 and 31 kDa subunits of Pol III being positioned near the transcription bubble of actively transcribing Pol III, as all three proteins were crosslinked at bp +11 of the stalled transcription complex.
Altered expression of a novel cellular gene as a consequence of integration of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (1994)

By analysing a genomic DNA clone derived from the human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected cell line, TL-Su, we found that an integrated HTLV-1 provirus interrupted the poly(A) signal-containing exon of a novel gene, RY-1. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a cDNA derived from Jurkat cells revealed that the normal RY-1 mRNA could encode a novel protein that has an unique primary structure, suggesting that a nucleic acid binding property was involved. Proviral integration led to an accumulation of aberrant RY-1 mRNA species in the cells. All the aberrant RY-1 cDNAs derived from TL-Su cells terminated at the poly(A) site of the R region of the HTLV-1 long terminal repeat and initiated in the intron, approx. 800 bp upstream from the putative second exon. Furthermore, another intron, downstream from this position, remained unspliced in some of the cDNAs. In addition to the activation by the integrated viral elements of cryptic promoters located upstream, mechanisms involving altered rates of degradation or transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of intron-containing RNA were suggested.