gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The C-Terminal Sequence of IFITM1 Regulates Its Anti-HIV-1 Activity (2015)

The interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) proteins inhibit a wide range of viruses. We previously reported the inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain BH10 by human IFITM1, 2 and 3. It is unknown whether other HIV-1 strains are similarly inhibited by IFITMs and whether there exists viral countermeasure to overcome IFITM inhibition. We report here that the HIV-1 NL4-3 strain (HIV-1NL4-3) is not restricted by IFITM1 and its viral envelope glycoprotein is partly responsible for this insensitivity. However, HIV-1NL4-3 is profoundly inhibited by an IFITM1 mutant, known as Δ(117-125), which is deleted of 9 amino acids at the C-terminus. In contrast to the wild type IFITM1, which does not affect HIV-1 entry, the Δ(117-125) mutant diminishes HIV-1NL4-3 entry by 3-fold. This inhibition correlates with the predominant localization of Δ(117-125) to the plasma membrane where HIV-1 entry occurs. In spite of strong conservation of IFITM1 among most species, mouse IFITM1 is 19 amino acids shorter at its C-terminus as compared to human IFITM1 and, like the human IFITM1 mutant Δ(117-125), mouse IFITM1 also inhibits HIV-1 entry. This is the first report illustrating the role of viral envelope protein in overcoming IFITM1 restriction. The results also demonstrate the importance of the C-terminal region of IFITM1 in modulating the antiviral function through controlling protein subcellular localization.
Regulation of Multiple Stages of Hepadnavirus Replication by the Carboxyl-Terminal Domain of Viral Core Protein in trans (2014)

Mutational analyses have suggested that the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of hepadnavirus core protein is critical for viral replication. However, results from mutational analyses are open to alternative interpretations. Also, how CTD affects virus replication remains unclear. In this study, we took an alternative approach to mutagenesis by overexpressing CTD alone in cells replicating the virus with the wild-type core protein to determine the roles of CTD in viral replication. Our results revealed that CTD can inhibit multiple stages of viral replication, and its effects may be mediated at least in part through specific host interactions. They suggest that CTD, or its mimics, may have therapeutic potential. Furthermore, our experimental approach should be broadly applicable as a complement to mutagenesis for studying protein functions and interactions while at the same time providing a means to identify the relevant interacting factors.
Overexpression of KLF4 promotes cell senescence through microRNA-203-survivin-p21 pathway (2016)

Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor and functions as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter in different cancer types. KLF4 regulates many gene expression, thus affects the process of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recently, KLF4 was reported to induce senescence during the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we constructed two doxycycline-inducing KLF4 cell models, and demonstrated overexpression of KLF4 could promote cell senescence, detected by senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity assay. Then we confirmed that p21, a key effector of senescence, was directly induced by KLF4. KLF4 could also inhibit survivin, which could indirectly induce p21. By miRNA microarray, we found a series of miRNAs regulated by KLF4 and involved in senescence. We demonstrated that KLF4 could upregulate miR-203, and miR-203 contributed to senescence through miR-203-survivin-p21 pathway. Our results suggest that KLF4 could promote cell senescence through a complex network: miR-203, survivin, and p21, which were all regulated by overexpression of KLF4 and contributed to cell senescence.
Validation of a brief questionnaire for assessing psychological variables and medication-adherence behaviors among HIV-positive persons from Venezuela (2016)

Abstract The objective of this cross-sectional study was to validate a brief version of a questionnaire for assessing psychological variables and adherence behaviors (VPAD-24) among 124 HIV-positive Venezuelan persons under different treatment regimens of antiretroviral medication. For data analyses SPSS for Windows (v. 19.0) and AMOS package (v. 18.0) were used. The brief version of the VPAD extracted three factors (past competencies, motives, and current competencies) accounting for 52.3% of the variance, showing an adequacy fit of data to the theoretical model: χ 2 [65, N = 124] = 105.30, p < 0.01; DF= 0.33 [DF MI = 2.70]; NCPP = 0.86 [NCPP MI = 3.33]; GFI = 0.89, AGFI = 0.84, CFI = 0.88; RMSEA = 0.07. The VPAD Venezuelan version resulted to be adequate and provides guidance for further research on the relationship between the psychological variables of a theoretical model and adherence behaviors in HIV-positive persons under different treatment regimens of antiretroviral medication. Resumen El objetivo de este estudio transversal fue evaluar la version breve de un cuestionario que mide variables psicologicas y conductas de adhesion (VPAD-24) en una muestra de 124 venezolanos VIH-positivos expuestos a diferentes regimenes de tratamiento con medicamentos antirretrovirales. Para el analisis de los datos se utilizaron el paquete SPSS para Windows (v. 19.0) y el paquete AMOS (v. 18.0). El cuestionario arrojo una estructura de tres factores (competencias pasadas, motivos y competencias presentes) que explican 52.3% de la varianza, mostrando un buen ajuste de los datos al modelo teorico: χ 2 [65, N = 124] = 105.30, p < 0.01; DF= 0.33 [DF MI = 2.70]; NCPP = 0.86 [NCPP MI = 3.33]; GFI = 0.89, AGFI = 0.84, CFI = 0.88; RMSEA = 0.07. La version venezolana del VPAD resulto ser adecuada y provee lineamientos para futuras investigaciones sobre la relacion entre las variables psicologicas de un modelo teorico y las conductas de adhesion en personas VIH-positivas expuestas a distintos regimenes de tratamiento con medicamentos antirretrovirales.
Streams of Content, Limited Attention: The Flow of Information through Social Media (2010)

Networked social media provide infrastructure that allows information to flow far and wide. Politicians, celebrities, and corporations are jumping in with the hopes that they can get their message out. Sometimes messages do get widespread attention, but people complain that these are the “wrong” messages – the inaccurate, the humiliating, the saccharine. Understanding how information flows through networked technologies requires moving away from the potential of the infrastructure and focusing on the logic of the network itself. What are people’s incentives for spreading information? How and why do they distribute content? What social and structural barriers exist that configure how information is disseminated? And how can we understand the flows of content in the context of everyday practices?
Damsels in Distress: A Textual Analysis of Gender roles in Disney Princess Films (2014)

Gender is one of the most discussed topics in today"s society. Gender represents and also reproduces certain attributes, expectations and roles which are associated with male and female. Media is the most important resource through which people develop their identities and thereby come to understand the role that gender plays in the actual world. This article is designed to study the gender identity and gender roles in Disney movies and to see how identity is transformed through long term virtues and ideals that are set forth by the Disney movies. It is generally regarded that the Disney movies is unhealthy for children, especially the young girls to watch for the physical, social and behavioral attributes they suggest, conform to the values supporting male dominance. Disney movies are often criticized for their negative, stereotypical portrayal of female characters that are often unrealistically painted. In the context of Disney movies, the word "woman" has become synonymous with "victim" in a patriarchal society. The Disney Corporation films such as Cinderella, Snow White, Sleeping Beauty et al are in the list of favorite Disney heroines for young girls for the last fifty years. These movies have certain themes in common-the female protagonist in each of these films is shown as a "Disney Princess" but the traits of these princesses, featured through these films are submissiveness and servitude. Though they possess divine beauty, these princesses only seem to be capable of suffering in silence, and it is because of this, they are finally given the ultimate reward: salvation through the handsome Prince Charming. This negative portrayals of women and girls in Disney movies gain force through the way in which similar messages are consistently circulated and reproduced in varying degrees in many of the Disney movies even till today. Though both the male and the female roles have changed over time in the Disney princess line, yet the female characters actually exhibits less change in their gender role portrayals and there is no doubt that Disney Corporation is reaching their target audience and their message is continuously being made available to the young children (especially the young girls) around the world.
The early identification of disease progression in patients with suspected infection presenting to the emergency department: a multi-centre derivation and validation study (2019)

In patients presenting to the ED with a suspected infection, the blood biomarker MR-proADM could most accurately identify the likelihood of further disease progression. Incorporation into an early sepsis management protocol may therefore aid rapid decision-making in order to either initiate, escalate or intensify early treatment strategies, or identify patients suitable for safe out-patient treatment.
ION-PAIR REVERSED-PHASE HIGH- PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE USING SODIUM HEPTANESULPHONATE AS A COUNTERION (2009)

A simple and selective isocratic HPLC method for the determination of ondansetron hydrochloride has been developed. The separation is achieved by ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography on a Ultrasphere C8 column. A mixture of 0.3% sodium heptanesulphonate in phosphate buffer solution pH 3.0 and methanol (40/60, V/V) is used as mobile phase. The influence of pH, mobile phase composition and concentration of organic modifier on capacity factor of ondansetron has been investigated. The HPLC system is applied to the quantitative estimation of the active substance in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Rezumat S-a elaborat o noua metoda cromatografica de lichide de inalta performanţa in sistem izocratic pentru determinarea simpla si selectiva a clorhidratului de ondansetron. Separarea s-a realizat prin cromatografie in faza inversata cu formare de perechi de ioni, pe o coloana Ultrasphere C8. Ca faza mobila s-a folosit o soluţie heptansulfonat de sodiu 0,3% in tampon fosfat pH 3,0 si metanol (40/60, V/V). S-a urmarit influenţa pH-ului, a compoziţiei fazei mobile si a concentraţiei modificatorului organic asupra factorului de capacitate al ondansetronului. Sistemul cromatografic a fost aplicat la determinarea cantitativa a substanţei active ca atare si din forme farmaceutice.
Blood Pressure Analysis During Treadmill Stress Testing (1979)

A modified Doppler ultrasound system has been developed which enables blood pressure measurements to be made noninvasively while a patient is undergoing a treadmill stress test. This system amplifies the Korotkoff sounds to an audible level while minimizing noise artifact, which was a problem in previous blood pressure monitoring systems. An investigation was also initiated to test the significance of using blood pressure measurements and the associated heart rate during the stress test as an additional diagnostic aid in the detection of coronary heart disease. The result of multivariate-discriminant analysis indicates that a possible difference exists in the relationship between systolic blood pressure and heart rate at increased levels of stress for normal patients, compared to those with coronary heart disease. Comparison with arteriography indicates that the stressed blood-pressure versus heart-rate relationship is a good indicator of coronary heart disease.
Anti-CD3 Antibody Treatment Reduces Scar Formation in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction (2020)

Treatment with an anti-CD3 antibody led to decreased scar size in a rat model of AMI. Whereas cardioprotective and pro-angiogenetic pathways were unaltered by anti-CD3 treatment, qualitative changes in the EVs miRNA expression could be observed, which might be causal for the observed cardioprotective phenotype. We provide evidence that EVs are a potential cardioprotective treatment target. Our findings will also provide the basis for a more detailed analysis of putatively relevant miRNA candidates.
11-Oxygenated Steroids. I. Partial Syntheses of 11-Ketotestosterone and of Adrenosterone (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT11-Oxygenated Steroids. I. Partial Syntheses of 11-Ketotestosterone and of AdrenosteroneHershel L. Herzog, Margaret A. Jevnik, Preston L. Perlman, Arthur Nobile, and E. B. HershbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 2, 266–269Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01098a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01098a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure and Function of the PiuA and PirA Siderophore-Drug Receptors from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii (2017)

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria presents an efficient barrier to the permeation of antimicrobial molecules. One strategy pursued to circumvent this obstacle is to hijack transport systems for essential nutrients, such as iron. BAL30072 and MC-1 are two monobactams conjugated to a dihydroxypyridone siderophore that are active against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of these molecules in <i>A. baumannii</i> We identified two novel TonB-dependent receptors, termed <i>Ab</i>-PiuA and <i>Ab</i>-PirA, that are required for the antimicrobial activity of both agents. Deletion of either <i>piuA</i> or <i>pirA</i> in <i>A. baumannii</i> resulted in 4- to 8-fold-decreased susceptibility, while their overexpression in the heterologous host <i>P. aeruginosa</i> increased susceptibility to the two siderophore-drug conjugates by 4- to 32-fold. The crystal structures of PiuA and PirA from <i>A. baumannii</i> and their orthologues from <i>P. aeruginosa</i> were determined. The structures revealed similar architectures; however, structural differences between PirA and PiuA point to potential differences between their cognate siderophore ligands. Spontaneous mutants, selected upon exposure to BAL30072, harbored frameshift mutations in either the ExbD3 or the TonB3 protein of <i>A. baumannii</i>, forming the cytoplasmic-membrane complex providing the energy for the siderophore translocation process. The results of this study provide insight for the rational design of novel siderophore-drug conjugates against problematic Gram-negative pathogens.
HISTOLOGICAL CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT DAMAGE INDEX ACCURATELY PREDICTS CHRONIC RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION (1994)

Chronic rejection has emerged as a major problem in renal transplantation, and clinical trials for prophylaxis and therapy are underway. Use of graft and patient survival as endpoints in prophylactic studies requires long follow-ups to read the endpoint. There is also an obvious need for a starting point for intervention studies. Previously, we formed a histological chronic allograft damage index (CADI), based on numerical scoring of histological alterations compatible with chronic rejection. Using protocol core needle biopsies of 89 functioning grafts 2 years after transplantation and a follow-up of 6 years, we demonstrate now that (a) the CADI at 2 years correlates significantly (r = 0.717, P = 0.0001) with transplant function at 6 years, and (b) that the CADI at 2 years reliably (P = 0.001) predicts the patients who will proceed to clinical chronic rejection later. As protocol core biopsy is an early predictive parameter for chronic rejection, our results suggest that a protocol core biopsy (at 2 years or possibly even earlier) should be included in all clinical investigative protocols dealing with chronic renal allograft rejection.
The MindMine comment analysis tool for collaborative attitude solicitation, analysis, sense-making and visualization (2005)

This paper describes a study to explore the integration of group support systems (GSS) and artificial intelligence (AI) technology to provide solicitation, analytical, visualization and sense-making support for attitudes from large distributed marketing focus groups. The paper describes two experiments and the concomitant evolutionary design and development of an attitude analysis process and the MindMine comment analysis tool. The analysis process circumvents many of the problems associated with traditional data gathering via closed-ended questionnaires and potentially biased interviews by providing support for online free response evaluative comments. MindMine allows teams of raters to analyze comments from any source, including electronic meetings, discussion groups or surveys, whether they are Web-based or same-place. The analysis results are then displayed as visualizations that enable the team quickly to make sense of attitudes reflected in the comment set, which we believe provide richer information and a more detailed understanding of attitudes.
A Point Mutation in a Plant Calmodulin Is Responsible for Its Inhibition of Nitric-oxide Synthase (1999)

The calcium/calmodulin-dependent activation of nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) and its production of nitric oxide (NO) play a key regulatory role in plant and animal cell function. SCaM-1 is a plant calmodulin (CaM) isoform that is 91% identical to mammalian CaM (wild type CaM (wtCaM)) and a selective competitive antagonist of NOS (Cho, M. J., Vaghy, P. L., Kondo, R., Lee, S. H., Davis, J. P., Rehl, R., Heo, W. D., and Johnson, J. D. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 15593-15597). We have used site-directed mutagenesis to show that a point mutation, involving the substitution of valine for methionine at position 144, is responsible for SCaM-1's inhibition of mammalian NOS. An M144V mutation in wild type CaM produced a mutant (M144V) which exhibited nearly identical inhibition of NOS's NO production and NADPH oxidation, with a similar K(i) (approximately 15 nM) as SCaM-1. A V144M back mutation in SCaM-1 significantly restored its ability to activate NOS's catalytic functions. The length of the hydrophobic amino acid side chain at position 144 appears to be critical for NOS activation, since M144L and M144F activated NOS while M144V and M144C did not. Despite their competitive antagonism of NOS, M144V, like SCaM-1, exhibited a similar dose-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase and calcineurin as wtCaM. SCaM-1 and M144V produced greater inhibition of NOS's oxygenase domain function (NO production) than its reductase domain functions (NADPH oxidation and cytochrome c reduction). Thus, CaM's methionine 144 plays a critical role the activation of NOS, presumably by influencing the function of NOS's oxygenase domain.
Mechanisms of Aβ Plaque Clearance following Passive Aβ Immunization (2005)

Alzheimer's disease is a major health problem with limited available medical treatment options. Immunotherapy is one approach with the potential to slow or reverse the disease process. In transgenic mouse models of amyloid deposition, anti-A beta immunotherapy is remarkably effective at diminishing the amyloid burden and reversing the memory deficiency phenotype present in these mice. Three distinct mechanisms of antibody action have been proposed to mediate these benefits of anti-A beta immunotherapy. The first is a catalytic dissolution of the A beta fibrils, proposed by Beka Solomon and colleagues. A second mechanism is opsonization of the amyloid by the antibody and subsequent phagocytosis by macrophages proposed by Dale Schenk and the Elan group. A third mechanism proposed by DeMattos, Holtzman and colleagues is the peripheral sink hypothesis, arguing that circulating antibodies sequester A beta and favor efflux of A beta from the CNS over influx to the CNS. None of these mechanisms are mutually exclusive. Our research group has evaluated these mechanisms using intracranial injection and systemic administration of anti-A beta antibodies. We found evidence supporting all three mechanisms, and suggest they may act synergistically to achieve the large effect size of the immunotherapeutic approach. However, in aged amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice administered anti-A beta antibodies systemically, there is a redistribution of the amyloid from the parenchyma to vascular elements. This increase in congophilic angiopathy is associated with increased risk of microhemorrhage. Thus, although we favor continued testing of the immunotherapy to treat Alzheimer's disease, we believe caution should be taken to minimize the risk of vascular leakage.
Examination of Parameters Affecting Polymerase Chain Reaction in Studying RAPD (1992)

The effects of several parameters on PCR amplification in using RAPD were studied. The results of this study suggest that approximately 15 ng of genomic DNA in of reaction mixture results in discrete and reproducible PCR products. In addition, the results indicate that concentration or amounts of reaction components studied are highly inter-dependent in their effects, and RNA can interfere severely with PCR amplification. Suitable concentrations or amounts of reaction components were found to be 30 ng of 10-mer primer, of dNTP, 0.001% gelatin 1.5 mM , 10 mM Tris-Cl (pH 8.8), 50 mM KCl, 0.1% Triton X-100, 2 units of Taq DNA polymerase, and 15 ng of RNase-treated genomic DNA in of reaction mixture.
Subcutaneous nodule after vaccination with an aluminum-containing vaccine. (2008)

Persistent subcutaneous nodules may arise after vaccination or allergen desensitization. The swelling might appear as a result of a specific histiocytic reaction to aluminum, which is used in many preparations to hasten immune response. A wide range of such vaccines are used in national childhood vaccination programs. Such nodules are frequently itchy or painful with local skin alterations. The condition tends to resolve spontaneously, although long-term observation is recommended. We describe the clinical history of a 10-year-old girl who presented with an itchy subcutaneous nodule that appeared five months after her second DiTe revaccination.