gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raman scattering in the IVB transition-metal trichalcogenides: ZrS<sub>3</sub>, ZrSe<sub>3</sub>, ZrTe<sub>3</sub>and HfSe<sub>3</sub> (1980)

Phonons in the quasi-one-dimensional compounds ZrS3, ZrSe3, ZrTe3 and HfSe3 have been investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Most of the structures observed have been assigned to Raman active zone centre phonons. Although twelve such k=0 optical phonons are theoretically predicted, some of them are still missing; particularly, the authors failed to excite most of the Bg modes (which involve atomic motions along the b axis of the crystal) even with different laser frequencies. The more complete Ag spectra are characterised by two sets of three major lines, well separated in frequency except for ZrTe3. The low-frequency set is attributed to scattering by rigid chain modes while the upper-frequency set is assigned to intrachain modes. The close relationship between analogous spectra from the different compounds suggests the establishment of one-to-one correspondence between the phonons and their wavenumbers by simple scaling relations. The Ag spectra from HfSe3 exhibit a strong dependence upon laser frequency in the range 1.83-2.73 eV.
Highly parallel recursive/iterative Toeplitz eigenspace decomposition (array processing) (1989)

A highly parallel algorithm is presented for the Hermitian Toeplitz eigenproblem. It computes recursively, in increasing order, the complete eigendecompositions of the successive submatrices contained in the original matrix. At each order, a number of independent, structurally identical, nonlinear problems is solved in parallel, facilitating fast implementation. The eigenvalues are found with a constrained iterative Newton scheme, and the eigenvectors are obtained by solving Toeplitz systems. In the multiple minimum eigenvalue case, eigenvector information found at the rank before is used to identify all except one of the eigenvectors associated with the multiple eigenvalue instantaneously. The final eigenvector is found by deflation. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated in terms of eigenpair accuracy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The mechanism of the anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate. II. The use of molecular weight distributions to establish a mechanism (1961)

Abstract Calculations of the molecular weight distribution to be expected from a nonterminated polymerization in which the rate of initiation is rapid with respect to that of propagation predict that the weight‐ to number‐average molecular weight ratio should approach 1.0. The ratios actually obtained are considerably larger than the predicted value; the resolution of this apparent contradiction is the central problem of this paper. Fractionation of isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) was accomplished by a combination of two techniques: liquid‐liquid counter‐current extraction and elution chromatography. The fractionation indicated that: ( 1 ) The molecular weight distribution of these polymers is bimodal. ( 2 ) More than 90 mole‐% of the polymer chains has a molecular weight less than 2000. ( 3 ) These low molecular weight chains add tritium upon reaction with tritiated acetic acid and do not therefore result from irreversible termination reactions. ( 4 ) The molecular weight distribution of the high molecular weight material separated by elution chromatography is sufficiently broad to approximate a log‐normal distribution. (The log‐normal distribution is commonly used to characterize linear polyethylenes, which have very broad molecular weight distributions.) Kinetics were measured in a 90% toluene‐10% diethyl ether by volume mixture at −60°C. These experiments showed that: (1) The rate of polymerization appears to be first order in monomer and remains constant to very high conversion of monomer to polymer. (2) Plots of –In M/M 0 versus time (where M and M 0 represent monomer concentration at time t and 0. respectively) can be extrapolated to a finite conversion intercept at zero time. ( 3 ) This conversion corresponds to that required to form a species containing one fluorenyl group and three monomer units. ( 4 ) Plots of number‐average molecular weight versus time converge to the same intercept at zero time, regardless of the ratio of initial concentration of monomer to that of initiator, and that intercept is the molecular weight of the species just mentioned, FlM 3 . The mechanism which has been derived from these data has the following essential postulates: ( 1 ) Chains of different steric configurations may propagate at different rates even in a homogeneous medium. ( 2 ) A high percentage of the total number of chains started undergoes a “pseudotermination” whose probability is a function of the configurations of the last three monomer units in the chain. ( 3 ) When a chain attains a minimum length of 8–10 monomer units, the probability that further additions will take place in isotactic sequence is greatly increased. ( 4 ) The source of this increased probability is thought to lie in the inherent asymmetry of preferred helical conformations which may exist for chains of this minimum length in solution at −60°C.
Partial Characterization of Aerolysin, a Lytic Exotoxin from <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> (1974)

Conditions are defined for the production, in high titers, of an extracellular hemolytic toxin of Aeromonas hydrophila, here termed "aerolysin." Substantial purification of the toxin was accomplished by means of salt fractionation, dialysis, and gel filtration, with a yield of 24% of the starting activity. Analysis of the product by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed a single, heavy protein band and a number of faint protein bands. The estimated molecular weight of the heavy band (50,000) was in close agreement with that (53,000) of the substance responsible for hemolytic activity as determined by gel filtration. Purified aerolysin is a labile substance, apparently protein. It is not inactivated by any of several proteases under the conditions employed nor is it inhibited by any of several lipids tested. About 0.1 mug administered to mice intravenously is lethal. The physical properties of aerolysin show considerable resemblance to those described for the exotoxin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Monoclonal Antibodies for Affinity Purification of IL-6/IFN-β <sub>2</sub> and for Neutralization of HGF Activity (1989)

Two types of recombinant human IL-6 (rIL-6) were used for the development of specific monoclonal antibodies. The first was produced in E. coli and used for immunization, the second was produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (CHO) and used for screening. The complete translated sequence of the cDNA coding for human IL-6 was fused, in phase, to protein-A and the hybrid gene was fused to the strong lambda PR promoter. This protein was purified from bacterial extracts by chromatography on rabbit IgG-Sepharose columns. After six injections of the purified protein into mice, sera were tested for their binding titer in a solid phase radioimmunassay (sRIA) and for the specificity of binding by Western blots. In the sRIA, crude supernatants of CHO cells (harboring a plasmid containing the human IL-6 gene and expressing high levels of IL-6 but no protein-A or any bacterial antigen) were bound to a solid support, reacted with supernatants of the hybridomas and finally detected with [125I]-goat anti-mouse antibodies. Spleen cells derived from a mouse showing the highest binding titer were fused to mouse myeloma cells. The hybridomas were screened by the sRIA and several positive clones were isolated and characterized. One of the clones was found to neutralize the hybridoma growth factor activity of the rIL-6 from both sources. The same clone was also used for Western blots and for affinity purification of both natural and recombinant IL-6 (E. coli and CHO).
CMOS Active Bandpass Filter Using Compacted Synthetic Quasi-TEM Lines at $C$-Band (2006)

This paper presents a fully monolithic transmission-line-based active bandpass filter (BPF) fabricated in a 0.18-mum standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The half-wavelength resonators are realized by synthetic quasi-TEM complementary conducting-strip transmission lines (CCS TLs). To lower the insertion loss of the BPF, the differential nMOS cross-coupled pairs are combined with the parallel resonators. Besides, the active devices and CCS TLs are vertically integrated on the standard CMOS substrate. The Q-enhanced resonator, which is comprised of a CCS TL and an nMOS cross-coupled pair, is theoretically investigated. Simulation results indicate that the Q factor of the resonator can be increased from 3.4 to 84.0 at 6.53 GHz. Additionally, the prototype of the second-order BPF occupies an area of 1230 mumtimes880 mum, and the measured results demonstrate that the center frequency is 6.02 GHz with a bandwidth of 1.14 GHz. The P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> and insertion loss are -15.2dBm and 2.2 dB, respectively, when the BPF consumes 3.0 mA from a 1.8-V supply. A two-port noisy network is also reported to examine the noise figure (NF) of the proposed BPF. Theoretical results reveal that the NF is 11.38 dB at 6.0 GHz, with a difference of less than 7.2% among the measured data
Automated essay grading: an evaluation of four conceptual models (2001)

Cloned cDNAs encoding a member of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor gamma-subunit class were isolated from rat-brain-mRNA-derived libraries. The gamma 3 mRNA is present in cortex, claustrum, caudate putamen, and some thalamic nuclei, particularly the medial geniculate nucleus, where it is the predominant gamma-subunit transcript. The gamma 3 gene is expressed at very low levels in cerebellum and hippocampus. In coexpression experiments with the alpha 1 and beta 2 subunits, gamma 3 imparts benzodiazepine binding to gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors and forms gamma-aminobutyric acid-gated benzodiazepine-modulated chloride channels that exhibit a larger conductance than alpha 1 beta 2 receptor channels. Furthermore, the presence of gamma 3 in place of gamma 2 in alpha 1 beta 2 gamma x receptors generates a marked decrease in the affinity of agonists while leaving the affinity of antagonists or negative modulators largely unaffected.
Serum deoxyribonuclease I activity can be used as a novel marker of transient myocardial ischaemia: results in vasospastic angina pectoris induced by provocation test (2007)

Transient myocardial ischaemia resulting from VSAP induces a significant elevation of serum DNase I activity. Therefore, serum DNase I activity may be applicable as a useful marker for detecting transient myocardial ischaemia.
Standard methods for maintaining adult<i>Apis mellifera</i>in cages under<i>in vitro</i>laboratory conditions (2013)

SummaryAdult honey bees are maintained in vitro in laboratory cages for a variety of purposes. For example, researchers may wish to perform experiments on honey bees caged individually or in groups to study aspects of parasitology, toxicology, or physiology under highly controlled conditions, or they may cage whole frames to obtain newly emerged workers of known age cohorts. Regardless of purpose, researchers must manage a number of variables, ranging from selection of study subjects (e.g. honey bee subspecies) to experimental environment (e.g. temperature and relative humidity). Although decisions made by researchers may not necessarily jeopardize the scientific rigour of an experiment, they may profoundly affect results, and may make comparisons with similar, but independent, studies difficult. Focusing primarily on workers, we provide recommendations for maintaining adults under in vitro laboratory conditions, whilst acknowledging gaps in our understanding that require further attention. We specifically describe how to properly obtain honey bees, and how to choose appropriate cages, incubator conditions, and food to obtain biologically relevant and comparable experimental results. Additionally, we provide broad recommendations for experimental design and statistical analyses of data that arises from experiments using caged honey bees. The ultimate goal of this, and of all COLOSS BEEBOOK papers, is not to stifle science with restrictions, but rather to provide researchers with the appropriate tools to generate comparable data that will build upon our current understanding of honey bees.
DIVA: A Dynamic Approach to Microprocessor Verification. (2000)

Building a high-performance microprocessor presents many reliability challenges. De-signers must verify the correctness of large complex systems and construct implementations that work reliably in varied (and occasionally adverse) operating conditions. To further complicate this task, deep submicron fabrication technologies present new reliability chal-lenges in the form of degraded signal quality and logic failures caused by natural radiation interference. In this paper, we introduce dynamic verication, a novel microarchitectural technique that can signicantly reduce the burden of correctness in microprocessor designs. The ap-proach works by augmenting the commit phase of the processor pipeline with a functional checker unit. The functional checker veries the correctness of the core processor&apos;s compu-tation, permitting only correct results to commit. In the event of an incorrect result, the checker xes the error and \nushes any incorrect results from the core using the existing speculation recovery mechanism. Overall design costs can be dramatically reduced because designers need only verify the correctness of the checker unit. The core processor need not be fully correct, only suÆciently correct that its errors do not adversely aect performance. We detail the DIVA checker architecture, a design optimized for simplicity and low cost. Using detailed timing simulation, we show that even resource-frugal DIVA checkers have little impact on core processor performance. To make the case for reduced verication costs, we argue that the DIVA checker should lend itself to functional and electrical verication better than a complex core processor. Finally, future applications of dynamic verication are suggested. 1.
Composition and Mechanical Properties of Cancellous Bone from the Femoral Head of Patients with Osteoporosis or Osteoarthritis (1997)

The material properties of cancellous bone from patients with osteoporosis (OP) or osteoarthritis (OA) were determined and compared with normal controls. Samples were selected from defined sites in human femoral heads which are subjected to different loads in vivo. Overall, OP bone had the lowest stiffness and OA the highest, and this same order was reflected in the apparent densities of the bone, with OA being the most dense and OP the least. Normal and OP bone were found to have very similar stiffness-density relationships and composition. However, OA bone differed significantly from normal. The stiffness of OA bone increased more slowly with apparent density and its material density was significantly reduced. These findings were due to an altered composition of the bone in which the mass fraction of mineral is 12% less than normal. There was also greater site variation of both apparent and material density, suggesting an altered sensitivity to applied load. These results support the concept that osteoporosis is a loss of normal bone. They also provide evidence for the hypothesis that osteoarthritis is, at least partly, a bone disease in which proliferation of defective bone results in an increase in bone stiffness.
Atorvastatin in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (APATH) study (2012)

Statins have been shown to both prevent and attenuate pulmonary hypertension in animal models. This study investigates the potential therapeutic benefits of atorvastatin as an affordable treatment for pulmonary hypertension patients. 220 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) were randomised, double-blind, to receive atrovastatin 10 mg daily or matching placebo in addition to supportive care. At 6 months, 6-min walk distance decreased by 16.6 m in the atorvastatin group and 14.1 m in the placebo group. The mean placebo-corrected treatment effect was -2.5 m (95% CI: -38-33; p=0.96), based on intention to treat. A small nonsignificant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and fall in cardiac output was seen in both treatment groups. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who improved, remained stable or showed a deterioration in World Health Organization functional class between atorvastatin and placebo treatments. Nine patients died in the atorvastatin group and 11 in the placebo group. Serum cholesterol levels fell significantly on atorvastatin treatment. Discontinuation rates were 23.2% and 26.9% on atorvastatin and placebo, respectively. Atorvastatin 10 mg daily has no beneficial effect on the natural history of PAH or CTEPH over 6 months.
Hapten-cell conjugates in DNCB contact sensitivity. In vitro stimulation with DNP-conjugates optimally inducing contact sensitivity in vivo. (1980)

Until now in vitro stimulation tests have failed to detect DNCB contact sensitivity in guinea-pigs sensitized epicutaneously without the use of adjuvants. In this study DNP-conjugates optimally inducing contact sensitivity in vivo were tested for their capacity to detect DNCB contact sensitivity in vitro in a lymphocyte transformation assay. In vivo contact sensitivity measurements in guinea-pigs which had been immunized with different hapten-cell conjugates, showed that (1) living cells should be used for conjugation with the allergen, (2) macrophages are optimal carriers and (3) syngeneity is not required. Therefore, DNFB-coated peritoneal macrophages (viable when conjugated) were used as an antigen for in vitro stimulation. Using this conjugate, a highly reproducible antigen-specific increase in DNA synthesis could be obtained in lymph node lymphocytes from guinea-pigs that had been sensitized to DNCB by epicutaneous application of the allergen without the use of adjuvants.
<i>Daucus carota</i>Mediated-Reduction of Cyclic 3-Oxo-amines (2009)

Carrots (Daucus carota) were used to reduce cyclic amino-ketones in high yields and enantiomeric excesses. This cheap, eco-compatible, and efficient reducing reagent allows the easy access to precursors of biologically active products.
Far Infrared Stimulation of Insects with the Glagolewa-Arkadiewa "Mass Radiator" (1971)

Several species of insects were subjected to far infrared (IR) radiation from a Glagolewa-Arkadiewa mass IR radiator. All insects responded to the radiator with antennae movement, antennae cleaning behavior, or oviposition. In antennectomized male corn earworm moths, Heliothis zea (Boddie), significant differences in mating success were related to the length of antennae removed. This indicates that the antennal sensilla, whose pattern is repeated on each segment, and not the total antenna, is responsible for far IR detection.
Sydney Chapman, 1888-1970 (1971)

Abstract Sydney Chapman was born in Eccles, near Manchester, on 29 January 1888. He came of a nonconformist family of strict principles. His father, who was chief cashier for Rylands, a textiles manufacturing firm, did his best to give his son every available opportunity. Chapman’s early upbringing strongly influenced both his personal character and his attitude to his fellow-men. His education prior to the age of 14 was in the Green Lane higher grade school, Patricroft. In those days, prior to the institution of the county secondary school system in 1902, such schools were set up by progressive local authorities in order to extend public elementary education some way into the secondary field. Chapman’s school was a very good school of its type, even though most of the boys and girls left by the age of 14. He was not only taught a few scraps of Latin (which was quite exceptional for such a school) but he was also introduced to a number of branches of science, including chemistry and physiology, by a very science-minded headmaster.
Real Interference Alignment (2010)

In this paper, we show that the total Degrees-Of-Freedoms (DOF) of the $K$-user Gaussian Interference Channel (GIC) can be achieved by incorporating a new alignment technique known as \emph{real interference alignment}. This technique compared to its ancestor \emph{vector interference alignment} performs on a single real line and exploits the properties of real numbers to provide optimal signaling. The real interference alignment relies on a new coding scheme in which several data streams having fractional multiplexing gains are sent by transmitters and interfering streams are aligned at receivers. The coding scheme is backed up by a recent result in the field of Diophantine approximation, which states that the convergence part of the Khintchine-Groshev theorem holds for points on non-degenerate manifolds.
Handling transactional business services (2008)

This article discusses the handling of transactional business services, which are service compositions that orchestrate and coordinate underlying services to process a high-level business activity. The main contribution made in this article is the presentation of the pattern TBS handler, which describes how one can implement a transactional business service (TBS). This pattern functions as an overview pattern for a complete pattern language that is outlined in the text. This pattern language provides the appropriate ingredients for the implementation of a TBS. It is presented using thumbnails.
Heterologous expression and characterization of a new heme-catalase in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> 168 (2016)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an inherent consequence to all aerobically living organisms that might lead to the cells being lethal and susceptible to oxidative stress. Bacillus pumilus is characterized by high-resistance oxidative stress that stimulated our interest to investigate the heterologous expression and characterization of heme-catalase as potential biocatalyst. Results indicated that recombinant enzyme significantly exhibited the high catalytic activity of 55,784 U/mg expressed in Bacillus subtilis 168 and 98.097 µmol/min/mg peroxidatic activity, the apparent K m of catalytic activity was 59.6 ± 13 mM with higher turnover rate (K cat = 322.651 × 10(3) s(-1)). The pH dependence of catalatic and peroxidatic activity was pH 7.0 and pH 4.5 respectively with temperature dependence of 40 °C and the recombinant heme-catalase exhibited a strong Fe(2+) preference. It was further revealed that catalase KatX2 improved the resistance oxidative stress of B. subtilis. These findings suggest that this B. pumilus heme-catalase can be considered among the industrially relevant biocatalysts due to its exceptional catalytic rate and high stability and it can be a potential candidate for the improvement of oxidative resistance of industrially produced strains.
A new static memory cell based on the reverse base current effect of bipolar transistors (1989)

A SRAM cell that consists of a bipolar transistor and an MOS transistor is proposed. The cell's principle of operation is based on the reverse base current (RBC) of a bipolar transistor. It has been fabricated by conventional BiCMOS technology, using double-poly Si. A cell size of 8.58 mu m/sup 2/ is realized in a 1.0- mu m ground rule. The mechanism and characteristics of this cell are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in U.S. Drinking Water (2016)

Spatial analysis of relationship between point sources in watershed and the national occurence data of PFASs in drinking water