gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Multidrug Resistant KB Cells Overexpress Protein Kinase C: Involvement in Drug Resistance (1989)

Among the many phenotypic characteristics of multidrug resistance (MDR), the presence of P-glycoprotein is nearly always observed, and it appears that the plasma membrane of the multidrug resistant cell is integrally involved in controlling drug resistance. Another membrane-associated protein kinase, protein kinase C (PKC), has been shown to regulate the flow of information to the cell interior and to control the efflux of a number of different compounds. We therefore initiated a study of PKC and MDR. We found that multidrug resistant sublines from both mouse sarcoma 180 and human KB lines exhibited 80-90% increases in basal PKC activity. The mechanism of the increase appears to be quite different in the two cell lines. The human KB cells overexpress the alpha isozyme of PKC, commensurate with the increase in alpha-PKC protein, whereas the mouse cells do not overexpress alpha-mRNA but increase alpha-PKC protein. Furthermore, it appears that PKC activity plays a functional role in drug resistance, since inhibition of endogenous PKC activity by staurosporine resulted in decreased resistance to Adriamycin. We also found that phosphorylation of MDR cell membrane vesicles by purified PKC, followed by immunoprecipitation of P-glycoprotein with monoclonal antibody C219, resulted in a level of phosphorylation of P-glycoprotein that was greater than the endogenous phosphorylation level. The data presented indicate that MDR cells of diverse species exhibited enhanced PKC activity but that the mechanisms were different. The increased kinase activity may have biological relevance to MDR since PKC appears to be coupled to P-glycoprotein function.
Efficiency of pump absorption in double-clad fiber amplifiers II Broken circular symmetry (2002)

Absorption of an incoherent pump in a double-clad fiber amplifier is analyzed in the paraxial wave approximation. Different inner cladding shapes are considered. A small spiral distortion of an otherwise circular inner cladding shape is shown to enhance the coupling efficiency significantly relative to other geometries.
Chemical communication and mother-infant recognition (2009)

Fifty years after the term "pheromone" was coined by Peter Karlson and Martin Lüsher the search for these semiochemicals is still an elusive goal of chemical ecology and communication studies. Contrary to what appears in the popular press, the race is still on to capture and define human scents. Over the last several years, it became increasingly clear that pheromone-like chemical signals probably play a role in offspring identification and mother recognition. Recently, we analyzed the volatile compounds in sweat patch samples collected from the para-axillary and nipple-areola regions of women during pregnancy and after childbirth. We hypothesized that, at the time of birth and during the first weeks of life, the distinctive olfactory pattern of the para-axillary area is probably useful to newborns for recognizing and distinguishing their own mother, whereas the characteristic pattern of the nipple-areola region is probably useful as a guide to nourishment.
The Choice Before Peking: A Comment on the Chinese Revolution (1951)

The intervention of China into Korea and the regime's confrontational attitude with western powers is discussed. It is suggested the regime that has come into power following the Chinese Revolution would be well advised to consider the implications of its actions so that world peace and the consequences of its Revolution are not endangered.
Analog memory and spike-timing-dependent plasticity characteristics of a nanoscale titanium oxide bilayer resistive switching device (2011)

We demonstrated analog memory, synaptic plasticity, and a spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) function with a nanoscale titanium oxide bilayer resistive switching device with a simple fabrication process and good yield uniformity. We confirmed the multilevel conductance and analog memory characteristics as well as the uniformity and separated states for the accuracy of conductance change. Finally, STDP and a biological triple model were analyzed to demonstrate the potential of titanium oxide bilayer resistive switching device as synapses in neuromorphic devices. By developing a simple resistive switching device that can emulate a synaptic function, the unique characteristics of synapses in the brain, e.g. combined memory and computing in one synapse and adaptation to the outside environment, were successfully demonstrated in a solid state device.
Gas-Phase Infrared Spectroscopy for Determination of Double Bond Configuration of Monounsaturated Compounds (1994)

Gas-phase Fourier-transform infrared spectra allow unambiguous determination of the configuration of the double bonds of long-chain unsaturated compounds bearing RCH=CHR' type bonds. Although the infrared absorption at 970-967 cm-1 has been used previously for the identification of trans bonds, the absorption at 3028-3011 cm-1 is conventionally considered to be incapable of distinguishing cis and trans isomers. In this paper, we present a large number of gas-phase spectra of monounsaturated long-chain acetates which demonstrate that an absorption, highly characteristic for the cis configuration, occurs at 3013-3011 cm-1, while trans compounds fail to show any bands in this region. However, if a double bond is present at the C-2 or C-3 carbon atoms, this cis=CH stretch absorption shows a hypsochromic shift to 3029-3028 and 3018-3017 cm-1, respectively. Similarly, if a cis double bond is present at the penultimate carbon atom, this band appears at 3022-3021 cm-1. All the spectra of trans alkenyl acetates showed the expected C-H wag absorption at 968-964 cm-1. In addition, the spectra of (E)-2-alkenyl acetates show a unique three-peak "finger-print" pattern which allows the identification of the position and configuration of this bond. Furthermore, by synthesizing and obtaining spectra of appropriate deuteriated compounds, we have proved that the 3013-3011 cm-1 band is representative of the C-H stretching vibration of cis compounds of RCH=CHR' type.
Realistically Coupled Neural Mass Models Can Generate EEG Rhythms (2007)

We study the generation of EEG rhythms by means of realistically coupled neural mass models. Previous neural mass models were used to model cortical voxels and the thalamus. Interactions between voxels of the same and other cortical areas and with the thalamus were taken into account. Voxels within the same cortical area were coupled (short-range connections) with both excitatory and inhibitory connections, while coupling between areas (long-range connections) was considered to be excitatory only. Short-range connection strengths were modeled by using a connectivity function depending on the distance between voxels. Coupling strength parameters between areas were defined from empirical anatomical data employing the information obtained from probabilistic paths, which were tracked by water diffusion imaging techniques and used to quantify white matter tracts in the brain. Each cortical voxel was then described by a set of 16 random differential equations, while the thalamus was described by a set of 12 random differential equations. Thus, for analyzing the neuronal dynamics emerging from the interaction of several areas, a large system of differential equations needs to be solved. The sparseness of the estimated anatomical connectivity matrix reduces the number of connection parameters substantially, making the solution of this system faster. Simulations of human brain rhythms were carried out in order to test the model. Physiologically plausible results were obtained based on this anatomically constrained neural mass model.
Preparation of a Magnetically Switchable Bio‐electrocatalytic System Employing Cross‐linked Enzyme Aggregates in Magnetic Mesocellular Carbon Foam (2005)

Glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized in magnetic mesocellular carbon foam by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. This material has been utilized to construct a magnetically switchable bio-electrocatalytic system in which the catalytic oxidation of glucose could be switched on and off by the positioning of an external magnet near and away from the electrode (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z502995_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Both paracetamol and ibuprofen are equally effective in managing flu-like symptoms in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients during interferon beta-la (AVONEX®) therapy (2002)

Interferon beta-la is an established therapy for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Adverse effects in the first weeks of treatment are common. This open-label, multicenter, randomized, prospective study compared treatment of flu-like symptoms (FLS) with paracetamol versus ibuprofen administered 48 h within interferon injection. The percentage of patients with FLS was comparable between both treatment groups and improved during the course of the study (baseline: paracetamol 92%, ibuprofen 90%; week 12: paracetamol 60%, ibuprofen 57%). More than 75% of patients receiving either paracetamol or ibuprofen reported no or only mild impairment of daily activities. There was no significant difference in general satisfaction or incidence of additional symptoms (weakness, nausea, headache; paracetamol 84.6% patients, ibuprofen 86.0% patients) between the two groups. A significant overall improvement from baseline to week 12 was observed for all parameters studied (paracetamol and ibuprofen groups were pooled). These results indicate that neither the paracetamol nor the ibuprofen treatment regimen is better. Multiple Sclerosis (2002) 8, 15-18
Modified emission of extended light emitting layers by selective coupling to collective lattice resonances (2016)

We demonstrate that the coupling between light emitters in extended polymer layers and modes supported by arrays of plasmonic particles can be selectively enhanced by accurate positioning of the emitters in regions where the electric field intensity of a given mode is maximized. The enhancement, which we measure to reach up to 70%, is due to the improved spatial overlap and coupling between the optical mode and emitters. This improvement of the coupling leads to a modification of the emission spectrum and the luminous efficacy of the sample.
Effect of oxygen in atmosphere on 〈100〉 texture of laser-recrystallized silicon on fused quartz (1985)

Effect of oxygen in an atmosphere on 〈100〉 texture formed by laser melting has been quantitatively examined using x-ray diffraction method. It has been found that oxygen content over several percentage is necessary to be included in an atmosphere during recrystallization for preventing the agglomeration of silicon and achieving strong 〈100〉 texture, but that capping with an SiO2 layer does not induce such strong 〈100〉 texture as that produced with air and no capping. An oxide layer seems not to be necessarily important for strong 〈100〉 texture formation.
Facial Feature Detection Using A Hierarchical Wavelet Face Database (2002)

WaveBase is a system for detecting features in a face image. It has a database of faces, each with a two-level hierarchical wavelet network. When a new face image is presented to the system for face detection, WaveBase searches its database for the &quot;best face&quot; -- the face whose first level wavelet network most closely matches the new face. It also determines an affine transformation to describe any difference in the orientation of the faces. By applying the affine transformation to the position of the features in the best face, approximate feature positions in the new face are found. Second level wavelet networks for each feature are then placed at these approximate positions, and allowed to move slightly to minimize their difference from the new face. This facilitates adjustments in addition to the affine transformation to account for slight differences in the geometry of the best head and the new head. The final position of the wavelet network is WaveBase&apos;s estimate of the feature positions. Experiments demonstrate the benefit of our hierarchical approach. Results compare favorably with existing techniques for feature localization.
Relationship between Glass Transition Temperature and Polymerization Temperature for Cross-Linked Photopolymers (2011)

Monomeric resins are frequently polymerized at a temperature that is far below the desired glass transition temperature for the final polymer network. This work quantitatively investigates the relationship between the glass transition temperature (Tg), the cure temperature (Tcure), the maximum achievable glass transition temperature for a particular monomer formulation (Tgmax), and the network heterogeneity as indicated by the half-width of the glass transition region (Tg1/2width) for both chain growth and step growth polymerization systems. Various monomer resins were systematically photopolymerized at 25, 50, 75, and 100 °C to the maximum achievable double bond conversion with living radical photopolymerizations employed as necessary to eliminate issues associated with postcuring during heating of the samples for dynamic mechanical analysis. For polymer samples that have the potential for much higher glass transition temperatures than the curing temperature (i.e., where Tcure < Tgmax − Tg1/2width), mass transfer limitations and the network heterogeneity combine to control Tg such that Tg ≈ Tcure + Tg1/2width. For systems polymerized at temperatures closer to their maximum glass transition temperature, i.e., where Tcure ≥ Tgmax − Tg1/2width, the polymer structure becomes the dominant factor and Tg ≈ Tgmax. These relationships were broadly and successfully applied to cross-linked networks formed from both chain growth and step growth polymerizations, incorporating networks of vastly different heterogeneity, with Tg’s ranging from 35 to 205 °C with approximately 10% error found between predicted and experimental glass transition temperatures.
Efficacy study of Prunus amygdalus (almond) nuts in scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats (2010)

Because diminished cholinergic transmission and increase in cholesterol levels appear to be responsible for the development of amyloid plaques and dementia in Alzheimer patients, PA may prove to be a useful memory-restorative agent. It would be worthwhile to explore the potential of this plant in the management of Alzheimer's disease.
Migrainous olfactory hallucinations (1987)

Three patients with olfactory hallucinations related to migraine are described.
Targeting glutamine metabolism sensitizes pancreatic cancer to PARP-driven metabolic catastrophe induced by ß-lapachone (2015)

This treatment strategy illustrates proof of principle that simultaneously decreasing glutamine metabolism-dependent tumor anti-oxidant defenses and inducing supra-physiological ROS formation are tumoricidal and that this rationally designed combination strategy lowers the required doses of both agents in vitro and in vivo. The non-overlapping specificities of GLS1 inhibitors and ß-lap for PDA tumors afford high tumor selectivity, while sparing normal tissue.
Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular midwall mechanics in spontaneously hypertensive rats (2004)

These results suggest that the analysis of midwall mechanics by echo allows us to better understand the LV performance in SHR and that the exaggerated endocardial motion could not represent a really supernormal systolic performance.
A Hybrid Integrated Optical WDM Transmitter/Receiver Module for Optical Subscriber Systems Utilizing a Planar Lightwave Circuit Platform (1995)

Cost reduction is an essential requirement for optical modules for Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH). An optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmitter/receiver module, which multi/demultiplexes 1.3/1.5 pm optical signals and transmits and receives 1.3 pm signals[l], is one of the key modules for a passive double star (PDS) network[2], and reducing its cost is a serious concern. A reduction in the number of module components is one of the key issues to obtaining an inexpensive WDM module. One promising way to achieve this is optical hybrid integration using a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) platform with a silica-on-terraced-silicon (STS) structure[3]. Since this platform can provide both a silica-PLC for WDM and silicon terraces for device assembly, the WDM module can be formed simply by flip-chip bonding optical devices such as laser diodes (LDs) or photodiodes (PDs) onto the platform. In this paper, we propose a simple configuration for a WDM optical module using a PLC platform and fabricate its prototype.
Neural Differences between Covert and Overt Attention Studied using EEG with Simultaneous Remote Eye Tracking (2016)

Research on neural mechanisms of attention has generally instructed subjects to direct attention covertly while maintaining a fixed gaze. This study combined simultaneous eye tracking and electroencephalogram (EEG) to measure neural attention responses during exogenous cueing in overt attention shifts (with saccadic eye movements to a target) and compared these with covert attention shifts (responding manually while maintaining central fixation). EEG analysis of the period preceding the saccade latency showed similar occipital response amplitudes for overt and covert shifts, although response latencies differed. However, a frontal positivity was greater during covert attention shifts, possibly reflecting saccade inhibition to maintain fixation. The results show that combined EEG and eye tracking can be successfully used to study natural overt shifts of attention (applicable to non-verbal infants) and that requiring inhibition of saccades can lead to additional frontal responses. Such data can be used to refine current neural models of attention that have been mainly based on covert shifts.
Chip interleaving in direct sequence CDMA systems (2002)

Direct sequence code division multiple access (CDMA) systems are considered, in a multipath environment. We address the problem of estimating each user's signature waveform without requiring training sequences. We show that the problem is considerably simplified if a novel transmission strategy is adopted, which combines spreading and interleaving. In this setup, chip sequences corresponding to successive bits are interleaved before transmission. Novel channel estimation algorithms are developed in this chip interleaving framework and their performance is analyzed. Adaptive implementations are derived and some illustrative simulations are presented.
The Nucleus Double-Array Cochlear Implant for Obliterated Cochleae (2000)

Dr. Peter Banks has made an outstanding contribution to the understanding of pancreatic diseases. His exceptional achievements in the field of pancreatitis were seminal for the characterization of the pathogenesis of pancreatic diseases as well as its diagnosis and therapy. In this interview, Dr. Banks shares with Pancreatology his experience as a pancreatic researcher.
A Closed-Loop Hydrogel-Based Chemical Sensor (2012)

State-of-the-art hydrogel-based chemical sensors directly convert the volume change of a hydrogel, induced by an external environmental chemical trigger such as pH, into an electrical or optical output signal. Because hydrogels show relaxation behavior and the network expansion is governed by slow cooperative diffusion, their long-term properties are poor and the sensor parameters, such as response time, are limited. To overcome these drawbacks, we present a closed-loop hydrogel-based pH sensor, which uses the compensation method. The hydrogel sensor itself is part of a feedback circuit comprising a proportional-integral controller and an actuator in the feedback loop. In our approach, the hydrogel volume is kept constant at the steady state during the whole measuring process. This is accomplished by applying an appropriate counter pressure that compensates the swelling pressure of the hydrogel and, thus, its attempt to swell or shrink. This counter pressure is a direct measure of the applied pH-value even though the hydrogel remains under isochoric conditions. Here, the novel closed-loop sensor approach and sensor technology are described, as well as measurement results that confirm the applicability of the compensation method to hydrogel sensors are shown.
A Model of Computation for MapReduce (2010)

In recent years the MapReduce framework has emerged as one of the most widely used parallel computing platforms for processing data on terabyte and petabyte scales. Used daily at companies such as Yahoo!, Google, Amazon, and Facebook, and adopted more recently by several universities, it allows for easy parallelization of data intensive computations over many machines.
Metabonomics with<sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applied to the investigation of metabolic changes caused by gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat (2005)

The model nephrotoxin gentamicin was administered to male Wistar-derived rats daily, for 7 days, at 60 mg kg-1 day-1, subcutaneously, twice daily. Conventional clinical chemistry urinalysis showed a significant increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity from day 3. At necropsy on day 9, clear histological damage to the kidney was noted with all animals showing a generally severe nephropathy primarily focused on the proximal convoluted tubules. The urinary excretion pattern of endogenous metabolites over the time course of the study was studied using a combination of 1H-NMR spectroscopy and HPLC-TOF-MS/MS using electrospray ionization (ESI). Changes in the pattern of endogenous metabolites as a result of daily administration of gentamicin were readily detected by both techniques with significant perturbations of the urinary profile observed from day 7 onwards. The findings by 1H-NMR included raised glucose and reduced trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Changes in metabonomic profiles were observed by HPLC-MS in both positive and negative ESI. The MS data showed reduced xanthurenic acid and kynurenic acid, whilst neutral loss experiments also revealed a changed pattern of sulphate conjugation on gentamicin administration.
Novel Designs and Simulations of FCC Riser Regeneration (1997)

Two novel designs of FCC riser regeneration are proposed in this work. To improve the regeneration performance of a single riser regenerator, the first design allows the regenerating air to be separately supplied at several different levels in the riser. Simulations based on the riser regeneration model previously developed by us show that this method provides good operation performance with improved flexibility and stability, higher solids inventory, and longer solids residence time. By properly adjusting the air flow rates and the regenerated catalyst recycle ratio, this multiple air supply riser regenerator can meet the specifications of most industrial units: reducing the carbon content on the regenerated catalyst to less than 0.1 wt % and controlling the riser temperature under 730 °C. The second design is a two-stage riser FCC regenerator, which connects two riser regenerators in series. This novel design combines the advantages of both the riser regeneration and the conventional two-stage turbulent bed regeneration. It also provides significant advantages over the single riser regenerator: operating the second riser at high temperature without catalyst hydrothermal deactivation and greatly increased regeneration efficiency and operation flexibility. Both novel regeneration technologies have now been patented in China and are being incorporated in the design of the FCCU of the SINOPEC Changling Refinery.