gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Regulatory T cells in Thyroid Adenocarcinoma in a Mixed Breed Dog (2013)

This case report describes the increment of regulatory T cells in thyroid carcinoma of a mixed breed dog compared with normal dogs. A mixed breed dog was referred for a submandibular mass and hyperthermia. Right cervical mass was detected during the physical examination and radiography identified right cervical mass suspected thyroid gland. Accurate location and size of mass was confirmed using computed tomography and 3D reconstructed images. After confirmation of mass, surgical resection was performed and evaluation of regulatory T cells in blood of this patient was performed using flow cytometric assay. The percentage of regulatory T cells was 38.28% of all CD4 (+)/CD25 (+) T cells. This result was higher than median percentage of regulatory T cells of healthy 8 beagles (7.66 ± 1.65% (p 3 /μL) and non-regenerative anemia (PCV 21%). Suspected pulmonic metastasis regions became more severe. Finally the dog died of severe anemia and respiratory disorder.
A Preliminary Outline of the Blood High Viscosity Syndromes (1966)

S TUDIES on blood viscosity in vitro and in vivo are becoming more and more common. Experience and information continue to accumulate both in the physics of blood and in the correlation of blood viscosity to certain pathologic states. It appears that an elevation of blood viscosity, either at low or at high rates of shear (or approximately at low or high flow velocities), may provide important information on the patient's state; information which, otherwise, can be obtained only by laborious tests or belatedly deduced from clinical symptoms. The term "high viscosity syndrome" describes a condition of high blood viscosity. As an elevation of blood viscosity may be due to complex causes and as the elevation may or may not be easily apparent, depending on the method of testing, the term "rheologic syndrome" may be considered more appropriate by the purists. This review is, by necessity, incomplete. It is not
Synthesis and electrochemical performance of nano-sized Li4Ti5O12 with double surface modification of Ti(III) and carbon (2009)

Spinel Li4Ti5O12 nano-particles with double conductive surface modification of Ti(III) and carbon were synthesized by a facile solid-state reaction, in which the polyaniline (PANI) coated TiO2 particles and a lithium salt were used as precursors. On heat treatment under an argon atmosphere containing 5% H2, the carbonization of PANI effectively restricted the particle-size growth of Li4Ti5O12 and reduced the surface Ti(IV) into Ti(III). The surface modification combined with tailored particle size can improve the surface conductivity and shorten the Li-ion diffusion path. Furthermore, both the Ti(III) surface modification and the tailored particles (50–70nm) have the potential to increase the solid solution (single-phase insertion/extraction) during the electrochemical process. Electrochemical analysis indicated that the presence of the solid solution is beneficial for Li-ion mobility. Thereby, the prepared Li4Ti5O12 displays high power performance.
Single‐polarizer reflective twisted nematics (1999)

Abstract— A general expression for the reflectance of a single‐polariser twisted‐nematic device is given. From this, solutions of liquid‐crystal parameters that will convert linear‐to‐circular (L‐C) and linear‐to‐linear (L‐L) polarizations are derived. A comparison of the field behavior for some normally black and normally white devices made from the lower Δ nd /λ solutions of the L‐C and L‐L are presented. The effect of doping on normally white devices is considered.
Nocturnal Positive-Pressure Ventilation via Nasal Mask in Patients with Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1991)

Intermittent positive pressure ventilation administered nocturnally via a nasal mask has been associated with improvements in pulmonary function and symptoms in patients with restrictive ventilatory disorders. We hypothesized that nocturnal nasal ventilation (NNV) would bring about similar improvements in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study used a randomized, crossover design, with subjects undergoing NNV or "standard care" for sequential 3-month periods. Of 23 patients with obstructive lung disease and a FEV1 less than 1 L who were initially enrolled, 4 were excluded because of obstructive sleep apnea prior to randomization. Among the remaining 19 patients, 7 withdrew because of intolerance of the nose mask, 5 were withdrawn because of intercurrent illnesses, and 7 completed both arms of the protocol. These latter 7 patients used the ventilator for an average of 6.7 h/night, and 3 of the 7 had partial relief of dyspnea during ventilator use. However, in comparison with studies performed upon initiation or after the standard care arm of the study, studies performed after 3 months of NNV revealed no improvements in pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, gas exchange, exercise endurance, sleep efficiency, quality or oxygenation, or dyspnea ratings. The only improvements observed were in neuropsychological function, possibly related to a placebo effect or another unknown mechanism. Despite the small sample size, our study indicates that NNV is not well tolerated by and brings about minimal improvements in stable outpatients with severe COPD.
Effect of neomycin on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in F344 rats. (1984)

The effect of oral administration of neomycin (100 and 200 micrograms/ml in drinking water) on colon tumors induced by azoxymethane [(AOM); CAS: 25843-45-2] was studied in female F344 rats. Five-week-old rats were fed NIH-07 diet and given daily in drinking water 0, 100, and 200 micrograms neomycin/ml (0, 100, and 200 ppm). At 7 weeks of age, all animals except vehicle-treated groups received weekly sc injections of 8 mg AOM/kg body weight for 8 weeks. The AOM- or vehicle-treated groups were necropsied 30 weeks after the last injection of AOM. The combined incidence of adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the colon did not differ significantly among the 3 groups. The animals in the groups given 100 and 200 micrograms neomycin had a higher incidence of colon adenocarcinomas than did those in the control group. Colonic and cecal bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity was significantly lower in the group given 200 micrograms neomycin than it was in the control group. The excretion of fecal cholesterol, total bile acids, and deoxycholic acid was increased significantly in animals given 100 and 200 micrograms neomycin as compared to animals given no neomycin. These results suggest that long-term oral administration of neomycin increases the incidence of colon adenocarcinomas.
<i>In vivo</i> evaluation of 2‐cyanoacrylates as surgical adhesives (1990)

To evaluate 2-cyanoacrylates as surgical adhesives, the bond strength in vivo as well as the tissue reaction was investigated using methyl-, ethyl-, isobutyl-, and ethoxyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate. In addition, their set time and spreading on blood were studied. When the 2-cyanoacrylates were applied to an incised site of rabbit skin, they could maintain the skin closure without suturing during the first week and the bond strength increased during the second week. Significant inflammatory response was observed around the subcutaneous tissue glued with methyl- and ethoxyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate and persisted for approximately one week. All the 2-cyanoacrylate polymers were absorbed and the tissues treated were healed two weeks after the operation. There was a mild inflammatory reaction in the tissue treated with ethyl- and isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate, and their polymers still remained at the wound site at the second week postoperatively. The disappearance rate of the 2-cyanoacrylate polymers was roughly in proportion to the inflammatory tissue response. Ethoxyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate spread more broadly on tissues than the other 2-cyanoacrylates, while its set time was shorter than that of methyl- and ethyl-2-cyanoacrylates.
Experimental study on the evaluation of stage acoustics by musicians using a 6-channel sound simulation system (2003)

In order to investigate the effect of a hall response on music players, subjective tests on professional players were performed in an electrically simulated sound field. For the experimental system, a 6-channel sound simulation technique has been contrived in which 6-channnel directional impulse responses measured in real halls are used to synthesize the test sound field in an anechoic room. In the subjective experiment, the subjects (players) performed several types of notes and responded to the questionnaires. From the result of the experiment, the relationship between the subjective judgments and acoustical properties of the sound field was examined.
Reduced bandwidth video communication system utilizing sampling techniques Patent (1968)

Monitoring circuit design for sampling circuit control and reduction of time-bandwidth in video communication systems
Clinical and Virological Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Hepatic Steatosis (2013)

BMI, WHR, FBG, TG and TC appeared to be influencing factors of CHB combined with hepatic steatosis. Hepatic steatosis in CHB patients was closely related to changes in anthropometric indices and metabolic factors but not HBV. It is necessary to improve these factors to effectively prevent hepatic steatosis in CHB patients.
Dynamic Selection of Web Services with Recommendation System (2006)

The realization of the semantic Web is underway with the development of an arena of services providing similar properties, capabilities, interfaces, and effects. To pick one of such similar services that matches the user's requirements is a difficult task and necessitates the use of an intelligent decision making framework. This paper addresses precisely this component. We present the design of a dynamic Web service selection framework that makes use of a semantic matcher to support matching and composition of software services. The framework also uses a recommendation system which helps a user to select the best service that matches his requirements. This recommendation system results in evolution of the framework to dynamically adapt to users requirements.
Developing a dual-frequency FM-CW radar to study precipitation (2011)

Using support from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Innovative Research Program, an inexpensive dual-frequency vertically pointing precipitation radar was developed utilizing technologies initially developed for the mobile phone, the police radar, and the video game industries. One radar operated in the frequency band used for point-to-point Internet service (5.8 GHz). And the other radar operated in the police radar frequency band (10.5 GHz). The radar hardware for both radar systems cost less than US$ 12 000. Both radars used the Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FM-CW) technique to observe at a 5-m range resolution from near the surface to over 300 m. A two Fourier transform (FFT) technique was used to estimate Doppler velocity power spectra at each range at a rate of 12 spectra per second. Another innovation of this project was using the parallel processing of the Cell Broadband Engine installed in a Sony Playstaion 3 to perform all post-data collection signal processing.
SRS induced power depletions of WDM signals by a high power OTDR signal in mobile fronthauls (2014)

We analyze power depletions of DWDM signals caused by a high power OTDR signal in a mobile fronthaul including four optical add/drop nodes in 20 km SMF. We suggest a 1625-nm wavelength or a 1665-nm wavelength as an OTDR signal wavelength to mitigate the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) induced power depletion of C-band WDM signals.
Simultaneous Summarization of Japanese Spoken Monologue for Real-time Captioning (2007)

The development of a captioning system that supports the real-time understanding of monologue speech such as lectures and commentary is now in demand. In a realtime captioning system, it is necessary to summarize speech so that the audience can understand it within the display time and to output the caption simultaneously with the monologue speech input. This paper proposes a technique for simultaneous summarization of Japanese spoken monologue toward real-time captioning. Our technique identifies a unit for which the summarization is executed each time a clause boundary is detected. Then our technique summarizes it based on the dependency structure. An experiment using Japanese monologues has shown the feasibility of our technique.
Modern Hydrotherapy for the Massage Therapist (2007)

Chapter 1: Introduction to Hydrotherapy Chapter 2: The Science of Water Chapter 3: Effects of Hydrotherapy Chapter 4: Preparing to Give Hydrotherapy Treatments Chapter 5: Hot Packs, Fomentations, and Compresses: Local Heat Applications Chapter 6: Cold Packs, Compresses, and Ice Massage: Local Cold Applications Chapter 7: Immersion Baths Chapter 8: Hot Air Baths Chapter 9: Showers Chapter 10: Body Wraps Chapter 11: Friction Treatments Chapter 12: Hydrotherapy Self-Treatments for Health and Wellness Chapter 13: Hydrotherapy and Massage for Musculoskeletal Injuries Chapter 14: Hydrotherapy and Massage for Non-Injury Conditions Appendix A: Simple Hydrotherapy Record and Self-Treatment Handouts Appendix B: Pool Therapy Appendix C: Pyrotherapy: Using Artificial Fever to Treat Disease Appendix D: Where to Buy Hydrotherapy Equipment Appendix E: Answers to Chapter Review Questions Glossary Index
Efficiency and bias of estimators and sampling designs for determining length-weight relationships of fish (1995)

The parameters of the allometric equation used to describe the length–weight relationship in fish are usually estimated by linear regression of log-transformed data. Simulation of length–weight regressions showed that for sample sizes commonly encountered in fisheries research, estimates of the intercept are biased high. In contrast with this, estimates of mean weight-at-length are biased low. As a result, different bias-correction factors are necessary to adjust for transformation bias. When the objective is to estimate the intercept of the length–weight equation, two existing methods correct for transformation bias. The appropriate bias-correction factor for mean weight-at-length, however, is exp(σ 2 /2) where σ 2 is the residual variance of the regression. As an alternative to the log-transformation method, the properties of nonlinear least-squares regression were explored. Estimates obtained with nonlinear regression are less efficient, but are relatively robust to departures from the assumed error structure. Simulation of several sampling designs showed that greater precision without loss of accuracy is obtained as subsampling is concentrated toward the extremes of the length distribution.
Implementation of a 256-bit wideword processor for the data-intensive architecture (DIVA) processing-in-memory (PIM) chip (2002)

The Data-Intensive Architecture (DIVA) system incorporates Processing-In-Memory (PIM) chips as smart-memory coprocessors to a microprocessor. This architecture exploits inherent memory bandwidth both on chip and across the system to target several classes of bandwidth-limited applications, including multimedia, pointer-based, and sparse-matrix applications. The DIVA project is building a prototype workstation-class system using PIM chips in place of standard DRAMs to demonstrate these concepts. A key component of this architecture is the Wide Word Processor, which is a 5-stage pipelined 256-bit datapath, complete with register file and ALU blocks. This component offers fine-grained data parallelism resulting in significant speedups. This paper details the design and implementation of this Wide Word Processor in TSMC 0.18µm technology.
A hypothesis about the endogenous analogue of general anesthesia (1997)

The advent of general anesthesia remains one of the most important advances in the history of medicine. Although the first popular demonstration of general anesthesia occurred more than 150 years ago at the now-famous ether dome of the Massachusetts General Hospital, the mechanism by which it occurs is still debated (1). Surprisingly, among all of the questions asked about general anesthesia, the important issue of if there is an endogenous analogue of the process is rarely discussed. This situation is in distinction to the usual course of events when an exogenous natural product is found to have biological activity in that much activity is devoted to a search for the endogenous counterpart. Think, for example, about the opiates and the endorphins. As a formal proposition the question is if the brain or body makes compounds that have the properties and mode of action of general anesthetics. The issue reduces to what, if any, natural process are the general anesthetics mimicking. This question surfaces now because of the recent discovery of a sleep-inducing lipid, oleamide, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of sleep-deprived cats (2, 3). Oleamide since has been shown to affect diverse membrane proteins (4), has a structure expected to perturb the fluidity of membrane lipids, and is accompanied by a membrane-bound brain enzyme that rapidly inactivates the compound (3, 5). It is therefore possible that the way oleamide operates is unusual in that it perturbs lipid matrices either free or complexed to proteins and protein assemblies. This concept is worth considering because it would represent a new form of regulation distinct from the usual receptor-ligand interaction.

The main chemical facts about general anesthetics concern their diverse nature, hydrophobicity, and general lack of stereospecificity. The oldest correlate is called the Meyer–Overton rule, which …
Arylpyrrolizines as Inhibitors of Microsomal Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Synthase-1 (mPGES-1) or as Dual Inhibitors of mPGES-1 and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) (2009)

We synthesized and evaluated inhibitors for the microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1), based on the arylpyrrolizine scaffold. In a cell free mPGES-1 assay several "sulfonimides" exceeded our lead ML3000 (3) in potency. The most promising compound, the tolylsulfonimide 11f, revealed an IC50 of 2.1 microM and is equipotent to the literature reference molecule MK886 (1). Selected compounds also potently reduced 5-LOX product formation in intact cells. Inhibition of isolated COX was occasionally remarkably cut down.
Circulating leptin mediates lipopolysaccharide‐induced anorexia and fever in rats (2004)

Anorexia and fever are important features of the host's response to inflammation that can be triggered by the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the appetite suppressant leptin. Previous studies have demonstrated that LPS induces leptin synthesis and secretion in the periphery, and that the action of leptin on appetite suppression and fever are dependent on brain interleukin (IL)-1beta. However, the role of leptin as a neuroimmune mediator of LPS-induced inflammation has not been fully elucidated. To address this issue, we neutralized circulating leptin using a leptin antiserum (LAS) and determined how this neutralization affected LPS-induced anorexia, fever and hypothalamic IL-1beta. Adult male rats were separated into four treatment groups, namely LPS + normal sheep serum (NSS), LPS + LAS, saline + LAS and saline + NSS. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100 microg kg(-1)) induced a significant reduction in food intake and body weight, which were significantly reversed in the presence of LAS (1 ml kg(-1)), 8 and 24 h after treatment. In addition, LPS-induced fever was significantly attenuated by LAS over the duration of the fever response (8 h). Lipopolysaccharide induced an increase of circulating IL-6, another potential circulating pyrogen, which was not affected by neutralization of leptin at 2 h. Interleukin-1beta mRNA at 1 and 8 h, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) at 2 h were significantly upregulated in the hypothalamus of LPS-treated animals. The induction of these cytokines was attenuated in the presence of LAS. These results are the first to demonstrate that leptin is a circulating mediator of LPS-induced anorexia and fever, probably through a hypothalamic IL-1beta-dependent mechanism.
Modulation of epidermal differentiation by epiligrin and integrin alpha 3 beta 1. (1995)

We previously reported that integrin alpha 3 beta 1 mediates epidermal intercellular adhesion as well as cell-substrate adhesion. P1B5, an anti-alpha 3 beta 1 specific monoclonal antibody, is a potent in vitro trigger of epidermal cell-cell adhesion and an inhibitor of cell-substrate adhesion. We now show that P1B5 specifically induces the intercellular localization of integrins alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 3 beta 1, consistent with its role in inducing intercellular adhesion via these two integrins. P1F2, another anti-alpha 3 beta 1 antibody, does not induce either intercellular adhesion or intercellular accumulation of alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1. Growth of epidermal cells in high calcium, known to induce epidermal differentiation, also induces intercellular accumulation of alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1 and increased cell-cell adhesion. We therefore asked whether P1B5 treatment induces epidermal differentiation. P1B5 treatment induces changes consistent with epidermal differentiation, including increased involucrin expression, stratification, and production of squames. P1F2 treatment has none of these effects. In vivo, epidermal basal cells are in close contact with the epithelial basement membrane component epiligrin. Growth of keratinocytes on purified epiligrin but not other matrix components specifically reduces involucrin expression by P1B5-treated keratinocytes. These results suggest that integrin alpha 3 beta 1 has a unique role in epidermal differentiation, that the epitope recognized by P1B5 is involved in triggering this differentiation, and that keratinocyte adhesion to epiligrin inhibits alpha 3 beta 1-mediated differentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stimulation‐Dependent Recycling of Integrin β1 Regulated by ARF6 and Rab11 (2003)

In comparison to the internalization pathways of endocytosis, the recycling pathways are less understood. Even less defined is the process of regulated recycling, as few examples exist and their underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. In this study, we examine the endocytic recycling of integrin beta1, a process that has been suggested to play an important role during cell motility by mediating the redistribution of integrins to the migrating front. External stimulation regulates the endocytic itinerary of beta1, mainly at an internal compartment that is likely to be a subset of the recycling endosomes. This stimulation-dependent recycling is regulated by ARF6 and Rab11, and also requires the actin cytoskeleton in an ARF6-dependent manner. Consistent with these observations being relevant for cell motility, mutant forms of ARF6 that affect either actin rearrangement or recycling inhibit the motility of a breast cancer cell line.