gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Amino Terminus of the Human AR Is Target for Corepressor Action and Antihormone Agonism (2002)

Antiandrogens inhibit the ligand-induced transactivation by the androgen receptor (AR) and have a widespread use in the treatment of prostate cancer but their mode of action is not fully understood. Here we show that the ability of the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (CPA) to inhibit transactivation by the human AR (hAR) involves the corepressor SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor). We detect binding of SMRT to hAR when treating with the antiandrogen CPA, but not with the antihormones casodex or hydroxyflutamide. Interestingly, we find that SMRT binds to the N terminus of the hAR. Thereby, SMRT modulates the activity of hAR in receptor-negative CV1 cells. In addition, we have used receptor point mutants that exhibit normal transactivation potential and unchanged partial agonistic activity when treated with CPA, but lack both SMRT binding and SMRT-mediated inhibition of CPA-bound AR. This indicates that mechanisms involved in hAR-mediated transactivation are distinct from antihormone-induced receptor inactivation. Furthermore, we show that treatment of transfected cells with a cAMP analog or coexpression of the catalytic subunit of PKA, known to activate hAR, inhibits the binding of SMRT to the AR. This suggests that the association of SMRT with hAR is regulated at the level of cross-talk mechanisms and that ligand-independent receptor activation is due to corepressor dissociation. Taken together, we provide novel insights in AR regulation, antihormone action, and functional nuclear receptor-corepressor interaction.
Reducing electrical size of metamaterial elements: simulations and experiments (2008)

A simple realisation of split ring resonators with small ring diameter/wavelength ratio (∼1/300) is investigated. Theoretical, numerical and experimental analysis have been used and the results from all studies exhibit good agreement. Initial fabrication techniques are developed; however, further high resolution techniques can enhance the performance of the resonators. This class of small resonators with low resonant frequencies shows broad application promises in the design of microwave devices, e.g. filters and antennas in mobile phones, MRI sensors and metamaterial structures.
Tumor necrosis factor-α, kidney function, and hypertension (2017)

Hypertension is considered to be a low-grade inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of various proinflammatory cytokines. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a constituent of the proinflammatory cytokines that is associated with salt-sensitive hypertension (SSH) and related renal injury. Elevated angiotensin II (ANG II) and other factors such as oxidative stress conditions promote TNF-α formation. Many recent studies have provided evidence that TNF-α exerts a direct renal action by regulating hemodynamic and excretory function in the kidney. The cytokine incites a strong natriuretic response and plays a part in regulation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. The exact mechanistic role of TNF-α in the development of SSH is as yet poorly understood. While TNF-α antagonism has been shown to attenuate hypertensive responses in many hypertensive animal models, contrasting findings demonstrate that the direct systemic administration of TNF-α usually induces hypotensive as well as natriuretic responses, indicating a counterregulatory role of TNF-α in SSH. Differential activities of two cell surface receptors of TNF-α (receptor type 1 and type 2) may explain the contradictory functions of TNF-α in the setting of hypertension. This short review will evaluate ongoing research studies that investigate the action of TNF-α within the kidney and its role as an influential pathophysiological variable in the development of SSH and renal injury. This information may help to develop specific TNF-α receptor targeting as an effective treatment strategy in this clinical condition.
Enzyme-Sensing Chitosan Hydrogels (2014)

We report on a chitosan hydrogel-based platform for the detection of enzymes, which is compatible with the implementation in infection-sensing wound dressings. Thin films of the established wound dressing biopolymer chitosan were functionalized with a fluorogenic substrate, which is released upon enzymatic degradation, resulting in a pronounced increase in fluorescence emission intensity. In this first model study, the fluorogenic substrate alanyl-alanyl-phenylalanine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (AAP-AMC) was covalently conjugated via amide bond formation to chitosan and was shown to facilitate the detection of the serine protease α-chymotrypsin. Systematic investigations established the dependence of hydrogel thickness and substrate loading on the hydrogel preparation conditions, as well as the dependence of the rate of the reaction on the initial enzyme concentration and the loading of AAP-AMC in the hydrogel. The initial release rate of the fluorophore 7-AMC was found to be linear with enzyme concentration and substrate loading and was independent of hydrogel thickness. Under optimized conditions the hydrogel reports the presence of α-chymotrypsin in <5 min with a limit of detection of ≤10 nM. This generic approach, which can be adapted to detect different kinds of enzymes by using appropriate fluorogenic or chromogenic substrates, is highly interesting for targeting the detection of specific pathogenic bacteria, e.g., in wound dressings.
Design Oriented Analysis of DC Link Current Observer of a Three-phase Double Conversion Uninterruptable Power System or Adjustable Speed Drive (2007)

In this paper, a high performance dc link current observer is described and analyzed for a double conversion uninterruptible power system (UPS) or an adjustable speed drive (ASD). This second order observer identifies the dc link current drawn by the output inverter section. The observed load current is then used as a feedforward signal to input converter current regulator section for improving its dynamic response. The new contributions include the analysis on the system observability, observer sensitivity to system parameters, its command tracking performance, dc link voltage and load current dynamic disturbance rejection capabilities, all of which are not found in present literatures. In conjunction with the dc link current observer analysis, the current regulator bandwidth performance of the input ac-dc converter stage is characterized for both single and double update pulse width modulation (PWM) methods. The high performance resides in its fast dynamic response to the load power requirements resulting in dc link voltage variation, without using dc link current sensor or any communication channels. The solution is not only ideal for a stand alone UPS or ASD for low cost and high dynamic performance, but is particularly attractive for ac-dc converters suitable for common dc link systems. The analytical results are verified through the state-of-the-art simulation. All control algorithms are implemented in a Texas Instruments (TI) digital signal processor (DSP) and Xilinx field programmable gate array (FPGA) environment. The experimental setup of a 3- phase, 480V, 60Hz, 15 hp (11.
Calibration procedure in dual‐energy scanning using the basis function technique (1983)

We present a technique to simplify the calibration procedure of the dual-energy scanning, using aluminum (AL) and plastic (PL) as basis materials. In essence, this method determines the "basis functions" of the basis materials at the chosen energies. This technique replaces the two-dimensional calibration procedure, which is tedious, by two simple one-dimensional calibration steps. In addition, this technique also provides an alternative approach for solving the dual-energy problem.
Treatment of malocclusion of the teeth (1907)

Treatment of malocclusion of the teeth , Treatment of malocclusion of the teeth , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی
Optimal Sensor Data Fusion Architecture for Object Detection in Adverse Weather Conditions (2018)

A good and robust sensor data fusion in diverse weather conditions is a quite challenging task. There are several fusion architectures in the literature, e.g. the sensor data can be fused right at the beginning (Early Fusion), or they can be first processed separately and then concatenated later (Late Fusion). In this work, different fusion architectures are compared and evaluated by means of object detection tasks, in which the goal is to recognize and localize predefined objects in a stream of data. Usually, state-of-the-art object detectors based on neural networks are highly optimized for good weather conditions, since the well-known benchmarks only consist of sensor data recorded in optimal weather conditions. Therefore, the performance of these approaches decreases enormously or even fails in adverse weather conditions. In this work, different sensor fusion architectures are compared for good and adverse weather conditions for finding the optimal fusion architecture for diverse weather situations. A new training strategy is also introduced such that the performance of the object detector is greatly enhanced in adverse weather scenarios or if a sensor fails. Furthermore, the paper responds to the question if the detection accuracy can be increased further by providing the neural network with a-priori knowledge such as the spatial calibration of the sensors.
Protection against thrombosis in mice lacking PAR3 (2002)

The recent observation that knock-out of protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR4) ablates thrombin signaling in mouse platelets and protects against ferric chloride-induced thrombosis of mouse mesenteric arterioles suggests that thrombin's actions on platelets can play an important role in thrombosis. Complete ablation of thrombin signaling would be difficult to achieve in human beings because human platelets have 2 thrombin receptors that are each capable of mediating transmembrane signaling. However, it is possible that complete ablation of thrombin signaling in platelets is not necessary for an antithrombotic effect. In mouse platelets, PAR3 functions as a cofactor that binds thrombin and promotes productive cleavage of PAR4, and thrombin responses are decreased but not absent in Par3(-/-) platelets. We now report that Par3(-/-) mice were protected against ferric chloride-induced thrombosis of mesenteric arterioles and against thromboplastin-induced pulmonary embolism. Surprisingly, Par3(-/-) and Par4(-/-) mice showed similar degrees of protection in these models and similar prolongation of tail bleeding times. Thus, even a partial decrease in mouse platelet responsiveness to thrombin protected against thrombosis and impaired hemostasis in some settings. These results demonstrate the importance of PAR3's unusual cofactor function and underscore the relative importance of thrombin's actions on platelets in vivo. They also suggest that PAR inhibition might be explored for the prevention or treatment of thrombosis in human beings.
Determination of the Surface p<i>K</i> of Carboxylic- and Amine-Terminated Alkanethiols Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy (2008)

When using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with ionizable functional groups, such as COOH and NH2, the dissociation constant (pKd) of the surface is an important property to know, since it defines the charge density of the surface for a given bulk solution pH. In this study, we developed a method using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy for the direct measurement of the pKd of a SAM surface by combining the ability of SPR to detect the change in mass concentration close to a surface and the shift in ion concentration over the surface as a function of surface charge density. This method was then applied to measure the pKd values of both COOH- and NH2-functionalized SAM surfaces using solutions of CsCl and NaBr salts, respectively, which provided pKd values of 7.4 and 6.5, respectively, based on the bulk solution pH. An analytical study was also performed to theoretically predict the shape of the SPR plots by calculating the excess mass of salt ions over a surface as a function of the difference between the solution pH and surface pKd. The analytical relationships show that the state of surface charge also influences the local hydrogen ion concentration, thus resulting in a substantial local shift in pH at the surface compared to the bulk solution as a function of the difference between the bulk solution pH and the pKd of the surface.
Cartilage-derived anti-tumor factor (CATF) inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells in culture (1985)

Previous studies showed that a cartilage-derived anti-tumor factor (CATF), which was extracted from bovine cartilage with 1 M guanidine hydrochloride, inhibited the growth of solid sarcoma 180, but not the growth of ascites tumors of sarcoma 180 [Suzuki, F. et al. Jpn. J. Bone Metab., 2, 231-235 (1984)]. This study showed that CATF inhibited the proliferation and DNA synthesis of endothelial cells isolated from bovine pulmonary artery, but not the proliferations of sarcoma 180, L1210 and L cells. These results suggest that CATF has anti-angiogenic properties, thereby inhibiting the growth of solid tumors.
Office Ergonomics: Practical Applications (2007)

Working Posture Introduction Sitting versus Standing The Back Posture Maintenance and Monitoring of Good Postures Summary The Design of Workstation Furniture Introduction Desks Partitions Chairs Accessories Summary Workstation Trials Introduction Task analysis Trials The Roll-Out Summary Computer Use Introduction Desktops Flat Screens Laptops Wireless Technology Out-of-Office Working Summary Screen Displays Introduction Memory Displays Summary Input Devices Introduction Keyboards Mouse Touchpads Trackball Joystick Touchscreens Graphics Tablets Voice Recognition Software General Design Requirements Summary Organizational Issues Introduction Job Design Work Rate Rest breaks Overtime Incentives Motivation Shift Work Compressed Working Week Managing Change Summary Training Introduction The Trainees Training Methods The Course Alternative Approaches Making Training More Effective After the Course Summary The Environment Introduction Noise Lighting Thermal Comfort Summary Manual Handling Introduction Manual Handling Injuries Reducing the Risk Training Summary Work-Related Ill Health Introduction Upper Limb Disorders Responding to ULDs Backache Visual Fatigue Stress Summary Disability Introduction Workstation Arrangements Computer Work General Environment Summary Risk Assessment Introduction Sample Checklists Case Studies References
Abstract 664: Amanitin-based antibody-drug conjugates targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (2014)

Abstract Antitumoral activity of monoclonal antibodies can be dramatically enhanced by conjugation to toxic small molecules. Beside the recent approval of Kadcyla (T-DM1) and Adcetris (SGN-35) more than 30 antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have entered clinical trials, promising to strengthen the therapeutic capabilities for cancer treatment in the next decade. Surprisingly most ADCs are based on one of few toxic compounds only and on an even smaller number of toxicity mechanisms: Most antibodies are coupled to the microtubuli-targeting auristatins and maytansines. Toxins that operate through such a mechanism could suffer from limited activity in different cancer indications and in cells expressing resistance mechanisms. Accordingly the use of new drugs that function via alternative toxicity mechanisms could enhance the therapeutic potential of ADCs. In the present study we evaluated the antitumoral potency of a monoclonal antibody targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) conjugated to small molecules from the amatoxin family. PSMA is a membrane antigen overexpressed in prostate cancer and an attractive target for an ADC approach, as it shows low expression by most normal tissues and sufficient internalization after antibody binding. Amanitin, the most well-known toxin of the amatoxin family, binds to the eukaryotic RNA pol II and thereby inhibits the cellular transcription at very low concentrations. In our experiments, we tested several random- and site-specific strategies to covalently conjugate amanitin to the antibody and generated conjugates with low aggregation and high affinity for the target antigen. Using a series of PSMA-expressing cells we compared the cytotoxic activity of stable and cleavable linker ADCs and the stability of such constructs in plasma. Overall we observed picomolar activity of ADCs after incubation for three to five days with PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells independent of the hormone-sensitivity status. Moreover we demonstrated high activity of amanitin-based anti-PSMA ADCs in prostate cancer xenograft models. The data encourage the evaluation of these agents in a clinical advanced prostate cancer study. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Torsten Hechler, Michael Kulke, Christoph Mueller, Andreas Pahl, Jan Anderl. Amanitin-based antibody-drug conjugates targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 664. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-664
A New Method for Posterior Sub-Tenon's Drug Administration (1993)

We describe a technique of sub-Tenon's drug administration involving the use of a strip of collagen sponge connected with a silicone tube. The strip is implanted in the sub-Tenon's space and the free end of the tube is attached to the patient's forehead. Medication is infused through the tube two to four times a day for 7 to 10 days; then the tube is removed. We have used this technique, without serious complications, in the treatment of 230 patients with various diseases of the posterior segment and the anterior part of the optic nerve.
I-Q TCM: reliable communication over the Rayleigh fading channel close to the cutoff rate (1997)

This paper presents some trellis codes that provide high coding gain to channels with slow, non frequency-selective Rayleigh fading. It is shown that the use of two encoders in parallel-used to specify the in-phase and quadrature components of the transmitted signal-results in greater minimum time diversity than the conventional design in which a single encoder is used. Using this approach-which we label "I-Q TCM"-codes with bandwidth efficiencies of 1, 2, and 3 bits/s/Hz are described for various constraint lengths. The performance of these codes is bounded analytically and approximated via simulation; the results show a large improvement in the bit error rate (BER) when compared with conventional trellis-coded modulation (TCM) schemes when perfect channel state information (CSI) is available to the receiver. Indeed, when this approach is applied to channels with independent Rayleigh fading, the resulting coding gain is close to that implied by the cutoff rate limit, even for only moderately complex systems. The proposed codes are also simulated under less ideal assumptions. For instance, results for a 1-bit/s/Hz IQ-TCM code without CSI show a significant gain over conventional coding. Finally, simulations over channels with correlated fading were undertaken; it is concluded that an interleaver span of 4/spl nu/ yields performance close to what is achieved with ideal interleaving.
Acoustooptically addressed Fourier transform matched filtering (1985)

Matched filters have been made using the standard VanderLugt technique and are addressed using an acoustooptic beam deflector to manipulate the Fourier transform of the coherent input scene with good correlation signals resulting. It may be possible to use this method to address large arrays of matched filters at high scan rates; thus providing a large optical memory which is necessary for absolute object recognition and discrimination.
Transitions from Nonliving to Living Matter (2004)

Synthesis and Characterization of Amino Acid Decyl Esters as Early Membranes for the Origins of Life,
Evidence that warfarin anticoagulant action involves two distinct reductase activities. (1982)

The dithiothreitol-dependent vitamin K and vitamin K 2,3-epoxide hepatic microsomal reductase activities of warfarin-susceptible and warfarin-resistant rats were compared to gain insight into the role(s) of these activities in vitamin K metabolism and function. In microsomes from resistant rats, 3- to 4-fold more warfarin was required to produce 50% inhibition (I50) of vitamin K reduction to vitamin K hydroquinone than in microsomes from susceptible rats. For the reduction of vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to vitamin K a 6-fold higher warfarin concentration was required. In microsomes from resistant rats, the I50 warfarin concentration required to inhibit gamma-carboxylation of microsomal precursor protein was also 4-fold higher with vitamin K as substrate and was 6-fold higher with the epoxide as substrate than in microsomes from susceptible rats. Collectively, these data suggest that the vitamin K reductase contributes to the metabolism of vitamin K in intact rats and that warfarin inhibition of both the vitamin K and vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductases is involved in its anticoagulant effect.
Polysiloxane-Epoxide as Cross-Linkable Binders for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2013)

Cross-linkable polysiloxane-epoxides were synthesized and investigated as new electrode binders for lithium-ion batteries. Mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) electrodes were prepared with a series of polysiloxane-epoxides precursors thermally cross-linked by polyamines and evaluated electrochemically in MCMB/Li cells. We demonstrated that the composition and functionality of the new cross-linked binders play a significant role in the lithium-ion cell performance.
Multispectral Imaging with Tunable Plasmonic Filters (2017)

We present an angle-insensitive, miniaturized and integratable filtering system based on plasmonic substrates for multispectral imaging. Active tunability of the plasmonic filter allows color recording, estimation of unknown spectra, and determination of spectral singularities, for example, laser lines, while exploiting the full spatial resolution of a B/W conventional camera. Compared to other multispectral imaging systems, the plasmonic filtering system can be placed in front of an existing imaging system, for example, including lenses, supporting a cost-efficient fabrication and integration. Additionally, it is characterized by high angular acceptance, which we demonstrate by imaging with a field-of-view of ∼50°. Further, the number of nonpixelated broadband filters could be varied in situ for faster imaging or higher quality, compared to systems with a fixed number of channels.
Mobile augmented reality (2011)

As mobile devices become more powerful, new features and user experiences become possible. A good example of such experiences is Augmented reality (AR). Achieved through the combination of current smart- phones processing capabilities and their embedded cameras, AR is a growing trend that offers an interesting approach for a wide variety of applications. However, coupling this new approach to the already demanding design process that characterizes mobile devices, further extends challenges to designers and developers. In this paper we present a preliminary study on prototyping and evaluation techniques for mobile AR. A short experiment within the context of an ongoing design project and initial results are presented along with some resulting guidelines.