gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of free-solution capillary electrophoresis to the analytical scale separation of proteins and peptides (1989)

The application of free solution capillary electrophoresis (FSCE) to the separation of protein and peptide mixtures is presented. Both qualitative and quantitative aspects of FSCE separations are considered. In addition, a brief introduction describing the separation principle behind FSCE separations and a discussion of electrophoretic mobility are included. The applications were chosen in order to highlight the selectivity of FSCE separations and to demonstrate applications of potential practical interest to the bioanalytical chemist. Comparison of FSCE relative to traditional analytical separation alternatives is stressed throughout. The examples are presented in three broad categories: protein separations, peptide separations, and the application of both to the analysis of recombinant protein products. In the first section, FSCE separations of peptide mixtures are presented which demonstrate the suitability of FSCE for the analysis of the purity of peptide samples, the homogeneity of peptide samples prior to sequencing, the identity of peptides by using electrophoretic mobility values, and the reduction of an intrachain disulfide bridge. In the second section, protein separations are presented that show the resolution of glycoproteins having the same primary structure and the separation of immune complexes from free unreacted antibody and antigen. In the final section, highly purified and well-characterized samples of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI), biosynthetic human growth hormone (hGH), and their derivatives were used to evaluate FSCE as a complement and/or alternative to conventional analytical separation techniques for the determination of purity and identity of biosynthetic human proteins. In addition, the quantitative aspects of FSCE analysis such as linearity of response, precision, and limit of detection were examined.
Extended scan depth optical coherence tomography for evaluating ocular surface shape (2011)

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with extended scan depth makes it possible for quantitative measurement of the entire ocular surface shape. We proposed a novel method for ocular surface shape measurement using a custom-built anterior segment SD-OCT, which will serve on the contact lens fitting. A crosshair alignment system was applied to reduce the misalignment and tilting of the eye. An algorithm was developed to automatically segment the ocular surface. We also described the correction of the image distortion from the segmented dataset induced by the nontelecentric scanning system and tested the accuracy and repeatability. The results showed high accuracy of SD-OCT in measuring a bicurved test surface with a maximum height error of 17.4 μm. The repeatability of in vivo measurement was also good. The standard deviations of the height measurement within a 14-mm wide range were all less than 35 μm. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using extended depth SD-OCT to perform noninvasive evaluation of the ocular surface shape.
Nuclear bile acid receptor FXR as pharmacological target: Are we there yet? (2006)

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is primarily expressed in the enterohepatic system where it functions as intracellular sensor for bile acids. Ligand dependent FXR activation induces transcriptional responses to coordinately regulate bile acid, cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose metabolism, and to protect the intestinal mucosa from bacterial overgrowth and inflammatory insults. Here we discuss the latest discoveries in FXR-driven metabolic pathways with relevance to pathophysiology and novel therapeutic approaches of several conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes, cholesterol gallstone disease, steato-hepatitis and metabolic syndrome.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Properties of Mixed Conducting Ce<sub>1-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Tb<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>2-</sub><sub>δ</sub> Solid Solutions (1999)

The structure, thermal expansion coefficients, and ionic and electronic conductivities of Ce1-xTbxO2-δ (x = 0−0.30) solid solutions, prepared hydrothermally for the first time, were investigated. The uniformly small particle size (33−40 nm) of the hydrothermally prepared materials allows sintering of the samples into highly dense ceramic pellets at 1300−1400 °C, a significantly lower temperature, compared to that at 1600−1650 °C required for samples prepared by solid-state techniques. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy was used for the identification of Tb3+/Tb4+ ions. The maximum of total conductivity was found at x = 0.25 (σ700°C = 2.1 × 10-2 S/cm, Ea = 0.49 eV) with electronic contribution to the total conductivity around ∼50% at 600−700 °C. The conductivity becomes more ionic with decreasing Tb substitution. The thermal expansion coefficients, determined from high-temperature X-ray diffraction data, are 11.7 × 10-6 K-1 for CeO2 and slowly decrease with increasing Tb substitution (10.8 × 10-6 K-1 at x = 0.30).
Glucagon-like peptide-1 therapy and the exocrine pancreas: innocent bystander or friendly fire? (2009)

In the present edition of Diabetologia, Nachnani and colleagues report that rats treated with the glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetic, exendin-4, for 75 days developed low-grade pancreatitis [1]. The obvious question is whether low-grade pancreatitis is also present in humans treated with synthetic exendin-4 (exenatide) or other GLP-1-based therapies? The paper by Nachnani et al. is a timely addition to an area of growing interest and controversy in which, at present, there are more questions than answers.
Ultralow Power Silicon Photonics Thermo-Optic Switch With Suspended Phase Arms (2011)

In this letter, a 2 × 2 thermo-optic waveguide-based switch with ultralow power consumption is demonstrated and fabricated using a standard complementary metal-oxide-semi conductor (CMOS) process. The phase arms are suspended by removing adjacent SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and 120 μm of the underlying Si, while leaving a few SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> beams to support the suspended phase arms for the purpose of structural strength. As compared to the switch without isolation layer, a significant reduction of >;98% in power consumption is achieved. It is realized by preventing the heat from leaking out of the phase arms due to the presence of the air isolation layer. Our device shows an extinction ratio of over 23 dB at 1550 nm for TE mode with an ultralow power consumption of 0.49 mW. The response time is 266 μs, including the raise time of 144 μs and the fall time of 122 μs.
Personalization of Automatic E-mail Response for the University System (2013)

Electronic mail, commonly called email or e-mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages across the Internet. This mode of communication is also used within the university by different bodies such as students, placement department, faculties, administrative department and others in order to exchange or transfer important pieces of information. We propose an email response system which not only synchronizes different mail-boxes of a particular user on one platform but also personalizes emails according to the user and helps in automatically replying to the known queries which will save a lot of time.
Flexible, High‐Wettability and Fire‐Resistant Separators Based on Hydroxyapatite Nanowires for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2017)

Separators play a pivotal role in the electrochemical performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The commercial microporous polyolefin-based separators often suffer from inferior electrolyte wettability, low thermal stability, and severe safety concerns. Herein, a novel kind of highly flexible and porous separator based on hydroxyapatite nanowires (HAP NWs) with excellent thermal stability, fire resistance, and superior electrolyte wettability is reported. A hierarchical cross-linked network structure forms between HAP NWs and cellulose fibers (CFs) via hybridization, which endows the separator with high flexibility and robust mechanical strength. The high thermal stability of HAP NW networks enables the separator to preserve its structural integrity at temperatures as high as 700 °C, and the fire-resistant property of HAP NWs ensures high safety of the battery. In particular, benefiting from its unique composition and highly porous structure, the as-prepared HAP/CF separator exhibits near zero contact angle with the liquid electrolyte and high electrolyte uptake of 253%, indicating superior electrolyte wettability compared with the commercial polyolefin separator. The as-prepared HAP/CF separator has unique advantages of superior electrolyte wettability, mechanical robustness, high thermal stability, and fire resistance, thus, is promising as a new kind of separator for advanced LIBs with enhanced performance and high safety.
Programming Web graphics with PERL and GNU software (1999)

From the Publisher:
From access counters and log-report graphs to scientific plots and on-the-fly animated GIFs, graphics scripting is within the grasp of most Web authors. It is a little documented field, however, and the many valuable free libraries and tools available on the Internet remain under-utilized. Programming Web Graphics with Perl & GNU Software is aimed at intermediate and advanced Web users who want to use CGI scripts to generate dynamic graphic content. It will also help to demystify the manipulation of graphics formats for newcomers to the Web. 
Programming Web Graphics with Perl & GNU Software takes a practical, resource-like approach to the content. It is not a book about design or aesthetics of Web graphics; its focus is on programming or, more accurately, scripting programs that manipulate graphics file to be published on the Web. Most of the examples in the book use Perl as a scripting language, though the concepts are applicable to any programming language. However, several powerful Perl modules for generating graphics (GD, PerlMagick, GIFgraph) should help position Perl as a major contender for your Web graphics applications. Most of the topics covered in the book are applicable to any platform (NT, Linux, Un*x, MaxOS), with the exception of the chapter detailing the Gnu Image Manipulation Program (a free Adobe Photoshop-like application), which requires a connection to an X server. The focus is always on free software, when it is available. 
This book covers the following:
a tour through the most popular Web graphics file formats by implementing parsers for GIF, JPEG, and PNG files descriptions of the PNG, JPEG, and giflib libraries, as well as many other free and proprietary libraries and SDKs extensive documentation and examples using the Perl graphics modules GD and GIFgraph, and the Perl interface to the powerful ImageMagick libraries documentation on the Gnu Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) and the Perl interface that lets you easily script plug-ins or interface to the GIMP via the Web the creation of image maps from data extracted from a database the implementation of several new Perl modules for the creation of neatly formatted PostScript files details on interfacing to a fax gateway reusable recipes for many popular applications such as Web counters and Web cams the creation of animated GIFs on-the-fly optimizing graphics generation on the server-side.

One of the key ingredients to the success of the Web is that anyone who wanted to could participate in publishing to the world. This book will take its readers to the next level of publishing to the world: learning to use scripting programs to create dynamic graphics for their Web sited. The information in this book is written in a practical, easy manner with high-quality documentation and useful examples throughout. It is a detailed reference that provides Web designers and programmers and with the information they need to program.
‘Aye’ or ‘No’? Speech-level Sentiment Analysis of Hansard UK Parliamentary Debate Transcripts (2018)

Transcripts of UK parliamentary debates provide access to the opinions of politicians towards many important topics, but due to the large quantity of textual data and the specialised language used, they are not straightforward for human readers to process. We apply opinion mining methods to these transcripts to classify the sentiment polarity of speakers as being either positive or negative towards the motions proposed in the debates. We compare classification performance on a novel corpus using both manually annotated sentiment labels and labels derived from the speakers’ votes (‘aye’ or ‘no’). We introduce a two-step classification model, and evaluate the performance of both one- and two-step models, as well as the use of a range of textual and contextual features. Results suggest that textual features are more indicative of manually annotated class labels. Conversely, in addition to boosting performance, contextual metadata features are particularly indicative of vote labels. Use of the two-step debate model results in performance gains and appears to capture some of the complexity of the debate format. Optimum performance on this data is achieved using all features to train a multi-layer neural network, indicating that such models may be most able to exploit the relationships between textual and contextual cues in parliamentary debate speeches.
Adapted demodulation for spread-spectrum receivers which employ transform-domain interference excision (1995)

It has been shown previously that the performance of a direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) receiver which incorporates transform-domain excision of narrowband interference is improved by the use of time-weighting when the interference-to-signal power ratio (ISR) is relatively large, but is degraded by its use otherwise. The demodulator employed in this receiver is a filter which is matched to the chip sequence. While the matched filter gives minimum probability of error for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) in the absence of time-weighting and excision processing, the matched filter is suboptimal in their presence. Alternative demodulation rules which are adapted to time-weighting and excision processing are developed in the present paper. It is shown that, for the weighting functions considered, the matched filter requires as much as 3 dB more signal power than an adapted demodulator, to obtain a given probability of error. Furthermore, the performance with an adapted demodulator is generally superior to that for a receiver which does not use time-weighting when the ISR is at least moderately large, and is comparable otherwise. The potential benefit that may be derived from the use of an adapted demodulator in a CDMA network overlay is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the two subunit proteins B1 and B2 of Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase (1986)

Ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli consists of two nonidentical subunits, named protein B1 (170 000) and protein B2 (87 000). We purified and characterized five monoclonal antibodies against B1 and three against B2 from hybridomas obtained by fusion of spleen cells from immunized mice and the myeloma cell line P3-X63Ag8. All are of the IgG1 class with a high affinity for the antigen with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range. Four of the anti-B1 monoclonals and all three anti-B2 monoclonals neutralize reductase activity while one anti-B1 monoclonal binds tightly to B1 without affecting its activity. Fab fragments prepared from three anti-B1 monoclonals had similar dissociation constants. The anti-B1 monoclonals interacted with separate epitopes while two of the anti-B2 monoclonals appeared to react with the same epitope. In the case of B1, various allosteric states of the protein induced by binding of effectors had no apparent effect on the interaction with monoclonals, nor did their binding prevent subsequent binding of effectors. With B2, binding of monoclonals did not affect the typical electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the protein and thus did not involve either the tyrosyl free radical or the iron center of B2. All neutralizing antibodies interfered with the interaction between the two subunits, explaining their effect on enzyme activity, since active ribonucleotide reductase consists of a B1-B2 complex.
Quality improvement of enhanced speech in DCT domain using modified a priori SNR (2004)

This paper illustrates the superiority of using time-frequency varying averaging factor to estimate the a priori SNR for speech enhancement using spectral subtraction rules. An expression for the smoothing parameter is derived in the DCT domain. Improvements over conventional spectral subtraction rules in terms of objective quality measures e.g., log-area-ratio (LAR), output SNR and average segmental SNR are shown.
Range addressable network: a P2P cache architecture for data ranges (2004)

Peer-to-peer computing paradigm is emerging as a scalable and robust model for sharing media objects. We propose an architecture and describe the associated algorithms and data structures to support the execution of range selection queries over data scattered across a P2P network especially for resource discovery in grid environments. We develop a distributed data structure referred to as a range addressable network that provides the following two quality-of-service guarantees: (i) the located peer is one with the smallest superset of the query range (important from the application perspective), and (ii) in a P2P network of n peers, a query is routed through O(log n) peers before the intended peer is found (important from the system perspective). Our preliminary experimental evaluation indicates that the range addressable network has desirable properties of scalability and load-balancing, which are crucial for the success of a large-scale P2P system.
Correlation of sapphire off‐cut and reduction of defect density in MOVPE grown AlN (2016)

X‐ray diffraction and TEM investigations of MOVPE grown AlN on sapphire with small off‐cuts to a‐ and m‐plane reveal the influence of the off‐cut direction and angle on the reduction of threading dislocation density by annihilation during growth. Higher off‐cut angles as well as off‐cut to a‐plane seem to facilitate the annihilation, with the main reduction taking place within the first 300 nm layer thickness. On planar substrate the thickness is limited by cracking to below 2 μm which also limits the ability to further reduce the defect density. By epitaxial lateral overgrowth on stripe patterned substrates the crack‐free thickness is increased and further reduction of the defect density is possible. This process is effective up to 3–5 μm layer thickness. Using templates with off‐cuts ≥0.2° to m‐plane, step bunching perpendicular to the stripe direction occurs and bends the vertically directed threading dislocations into inclined grain boundaries starting from the point of coalescence. These partially block/incline threading dislocations over the ridge areas and thus further reduce the dislocation density. The dislocations are concentrated in stripes over the ridges and the coalescence areas. For smaller off‐cut to m or especially for off‐cut to a‐plane, the dislocation distribution is more homogeneous but nevertheless stripe‐like with alternating densities of low 10 8 cm −2 in the laterally overgrown areas and low 10 9 cm −2 in the areas over the ridges and the coalescence lines.
Soft handoffs in CDMA mobile systems (1997)

This article presents an overview of soft handoff, an idea which is becoming quite important because of its use in the IS-95 code-division multiple access (CDMA) cellular phone standard. The benefits and disadvantages of using soft handoff over hard handoff are discussed, with most results drawn from the available literature. The two most well-known benefits are fade margin improvement and higher uplink capacity, while disadvantages include increased downlink interference and more complex implementation. Handoff parameter optimization is extremely important, so various studies on the trade-offs to be considered when selecting these parameters are surveyed, from both the link quality and resource allocation perspectives. Finally, research directions and future trends are discussed.
Optimization of laser-damage resistance of evaporated hafnia films at 351nm (2008)

A systematic study was undertaken to improve the laser-damage resistance of multilayer high-reflector coatings for use at 351 nm on the OMEGA EP Laser System. A series of hafnium dioxide monolayer films deposited by electron-beam evaporation with varying deposition rates and oxygen backfill pressures were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and refractive index modeling. These exhibit microstructural changes for sufficiently slow deposition rates and high oxygen backfill pressures, resulting in an absence of crystalline inclusions and a lower refractive index. Hafnia monolayers exhibited laser-damage resistance as high as 12 J/cm<sup>2</sup> at 351 nm with a 0.5-ns pulse. This process was utilized in the fabrication of reduced electric-field-type multilayer high-reflector coatings. Measured laser-damage thresholds as high as 16.63 J/cm<sup>2</sup> were achieved under identical test conditions, an exceptional improvement relative to historical damage thresholds of the order of 3 to 5 J/cm<sup>2</sup>.
Flight Envelope Protection for NASA's Transport Class Model (2014)

Motivated by the problem of loss-of-control prevention, this paper presents a dynamic flight envelope protection system for NASA’s Transport Class Model. The developed protection scheme is based on a command-limiting approach that accounts for aircraft adverse aerodynamics, unusual attitude, and structural integrity, and is implemented around a standard gain-scheduled flight control law. The scheme also includes an energy protection scheme, which relies on an automatic throttle control system that implements a total energy control law. Preliminary batch and pilot-in-the-loop simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the protection system in maintaining the aircraft within desired safe conditions, without limiting the ability of the pilot to perform aggressive, evasive maneuvers.
Seminars in Thrombosis & Hemostasis 2010: Impact Factor and Highest-Cited Articles from 2008 to 2009 (2011)

As I have noted several times before, the end of a year is a good time to reflect on the past. We say farewell to the end of another year with Seminars in Thrombosis & Hemostasis, the third year with a reshaped and expanded editorial team, including yours truly as Editor in Chief. We have already mentioned many times in the past the long history that has led to the editorial restructuring, including the passing away of the journal's founding Editor in Chief, Dr. Eberhard F, Mammen, in 2008.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]