gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-Stage Object Tracking Method Based on Kernel and Active Contour (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This letter presents a two-stage object tracking method by combining a region-based method and a contour-based method. First, a kernel-based method is adopted to locate the object region. Then the diffusion snake is used to evolve the object contour in order to improve the tracking precision. In the first object localization stage, the initial target position is predicted and evaluated by the Kalman filter and the Bhattacharyya coefficient, respectively. In the contour evolution stage, the active contour is evolved on the basis of an object feature image generated with the color information in the initial object region. In the process of the evolution, similarities of the target region are compared to ensure that the object contour evolves in the right way. The comparison between our method and the kernel-based method demonstrates that our method can effectively cope with the severe deformation of object contour, so the tracking precision of our method is higher. </para>
The Effect of Ankle-Foot Orthoses on Balance Impairment: Single-Case Study (1999)

Instability and balance impairment is common in patients with diabetic sensory neuropathy placing them at a higher risk of falling when performing more challenging daily tasks. The report describes the results of a dynamic balance tests of a subject with neuropathy due to the long-standing diabetes. The Computerized Dynamic Posturography was performed with and without ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs). The apparatus provided six test conditions designed to systematically manipulate vestibular, somatosensory, or visual information. With no orthoses the patient had falls performing most of the tests. Bilateral orthoses improved his balance: a derived composite balance score increased four times. In view of these findings, AFOs, in addition to correcting the patient's foot placement during locomotion, could also be expected to improve the maintenance of balance during quiet stance or dynamic perturbation.
Alternation Copolymerization (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlternation CopolymerizationMICHAEL M. MARTIN and NORMAN P. JENSENCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 4, 1201–1205Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01051a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (562 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
APPLICATION OF THE ADAPTIVE CENTER-WEIGHTED VECTOR MEDIAN FRAMEWORK FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF CDNA MICROARRAY IMAGES (2003)

In this paper a novel method of noise reduction in color images is presented. The new technique is capable of attenuating both impulsive and Gaussian noise, while preserving and even enhancing the sharpness of the image edges. Extensive simulations reveal that the new method outperforms significantly the standard techniques widely used in multivariate signal processing.
Immortalized and tumorigenic adult human prostatic epithelial cell lines: Characteristics and applications. Part 3. Oncogenes, suppressor genes, and applications (1997)

This is Part 3 of a three-part review. It deals with the possible role of oncogenes and suppressor genes in human prostate carcinoma as well applications of nontumorigenic and tumorigenic human prostate cell lines described in Parts 1 and 2 [1,2]. Several immortalized and malignant adult human prostatic epithelial cell lines have recently been developed. The three most widely used carcinoma cell lines, DU-145, PC-3, and LNCaP, developed between 1977 and 1980, have greatly contributed to our present understanding of prostate cancer. Before a cell line can be accepted as having prostatic epithelial origin, some basic characteristics must be established. Expression of specific cytokeratins but absence of desmin and factor VIII should be first determined to establish epithelial origin. Responsiveness to androgens and expression of androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen should be examined under stringent culture conditions to establish prostatic epithelial origin. Response to growth factors and expression of their receptors facilitates further characterization of cell behavior. Cell lines immortalized by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are of special interest because HPVs are involved in a variety of anogenital cancers and may also play a role in prostate carcinogenesis. Malignant transformation of HPV-18 immortalized cells with the ras oncogene provides cell systems for investigating the multistep process of carcinogenesis. Each cell line has some unique characteristics, whether it arose directly from a carcinoma or resulted from immortalization with simian virus 40 (SV40) or HPV, or was transformed in vitro by oncogenes. Comparisons of these characteristics should facilitate elucidation of the mechanisms involved in initiation, promotion and progression of prostate cancer. These cell lines will further serve as useful models for investigating tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, new therapeutic strategies, drug resistance and its reversal and chemoprevention. This review summarizes some applications of the currently available immortalized, non-tumorigenic as well as the tumorigenic adult human prostatic epithelial cell lines.
A 250mV sub-threshold asynchronous 8051microcontroller with a novel 16T SRAM cell for improved reliability in 40nm CMOS (2013)

Asynchronous approach for digital systems is a way to resolve increased timing uncertainty with technology scaling since timing issue is eliminated in asynchronous systems. This paper presents a sub-threshold operating asynchronous 8051 microcontroller (A8051) with a novel 16T SRAM cell for improved reliability in asynchronous systems. This A8051, adopting a 4-phase dual-rail protocol, can operate up to 250 mV. A8051 has 67.53 μs as a critical path delay with 91.6 nW power consumption at 250 mV, which is equivalent to 12.88 kHz in synchronous systems. At 1.0 V, the delay of a critical path of A8051 microcontroller is 5.74 ns, which is equivalent to 151.55 MHz, with 8.98 mW power consumption. The proposed 16T SRAM cell is applied in memory blocks. The 16T SRAM structure eliminates charge contentions between devices during read and write operations so that SRAM can be operated fully in static mode, bringing about improved write margin (WM). The WM of this 16T SRAM cell is 1.81 times greater than the conventional 6T SRAM cell and 1.58 times better than 8T SRAM cell. At 250 mV, the SNM of SRAM cell is 12.5 mV under process and mismatch variations. Write delay of the asynchronous SRAM block is 4.02 μs (equivalent to 248.5 kHz) with 5.44 pJ energy dissipation, while read delay is 12.61 μs (equivalent to 79.3 kHz) with 9.08 pJ energy dissipation.
Closed loop control of a six phase interleaved bidirectional dc-dc boost converter for an EV/HEV application (2016)

This paper discusses and implements a control strategy for a six-phase interleaved bidirectional dc-dc converter for a battery system for an HEV/EV application. First, basic control strategies of dc-dc converters are reviewed for interleaving and for bidirectional operation. Then, the two-loop average mode current control (AVGCCM) is used along with a unified control strategy for the bidirectional operation. A single unified controller is implemented for bidirectional operation along with active rectification for eliminating the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Both, techniques are analyzed in simulation and tested on a 5kW experimental setup.
Genetic Analysis of Default Mating Behavior in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1997)

Haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells find each other during conjugation by orienting their growth toward each other along pheromone gradients (chemotropism). However, when their receptors are saturated for pheromone binding, yeast cells must select a mate by executing a default pathway in which they choose a mating partner at random. We previously demonstrated that this default pathway requires the SPA2 gene. In this report we show that the default mating pathway also requires the AXL1, FUS1, FUS2, FUS3, PEA2, RVS161, and BNI1 genes. These genes, including SPA2, are also important for efficient cell fusion during chemotropic mating. Cells containing null mutations in these genes display defects in cell fusion that subtly affect mating efficiency. In addition, we found that the defect in default mating caused by mutations in SPA2 is partially suppressed by multiple copies of two genes, FUS2 and MFA2. These findings uncover a molecular relationship between default mating and cell fusion. Moreover, because axl1 mutants secrete reduced levels of a-factor and are defective at both cell fusion and default mating, these results reveal an important role for a-factor in cell fusion and default mating. We suggest that default mating places a more stringent requirement on some aspects of cell fusion than does chemotropic mating.
Vinification à l'échelle pilote (100 L). I: exemple de la halle pour fermentations différées de l'Inra Pech Rouge (2005)

National audience
A humanized murine monoclonal antibody protects mice either before or after challenge with virulent Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (2006)

A humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been developed and its potential to protect from or cure a Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEEV) infection was evaluated. The VEEV-neutralizing, protective murine mAb 3B4C-4 was humanized using combinatorial antibody libraries and phage-display technology. Humanized VEEV-binding Fabs were evaluated for virus-neutralizing capacity, then selected Fabs were converted to whole immunoglobulin (Ig) G1, and stable cell lines were generated. The humanized mAb Hy4-26C, designated Hy4 IgG, had virus-neutralizing capacity similar to that of 3B4C-4. Passive antibody protection studies with purified Hy4 IgG were performed in adult Swiss Webster mice. As little as 100 ng Hy4 IgG protected 90 % of mice challenged with 100 intraperitoneal (i.p.) mean morbidity (MD(50)) doses of virulent VEEV (Trinidad donkey) 24 h after antibody transfer; also, 500 mug Hy4 IgG protected 80 % of mice inoculated with 100 intranasal MD(50) doses of VEEV. Moreover, 10 mug passive Hy4 IgG protected 70 % of mice from a VEEV challenge dose as great as 10(7) i.p. MD(50). Hy4 IgG also protected mice from challenge with another epizootic VEEV variety, 1C (P676). Importantly, therapeutic administration of the humanized mAb to mice already infected with VEEV cured 90 % of mice treated with Hy4 IgG within 1 h of VEEV inoculation and 75 % of mice treated 24 h after virus infection.
[Newly developed blocking balloon catheter for PTA of internal carotid artery]. (1993)

We have developed a new blocking balloon system for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the internal carotid artery (ICA). A latex balloon (BALT) is attached on the top of a Superselector infusion-type catheter (TORAY) which is used as a blocking balloon catheter. It can be navigated into the distal part of the ICA under torque control as well as flow control by withdrawing the core wire. Our PTA procedure is as follows, 1) insert the sheath catheter 8-9 F in size, 2) insert the PTA balloon catheter (Accent balloon, Cook) with a blocking balloon catheter through the sheath catheter, 3) navigate the blocking balloon into the distal part of the ICA, 4) introduce the PTA balloon to the stenotic portion after occlusion of the distal ICA by the blocking balloon, 5) PTA, 6) wash the lumen of the ICA with saline, 7) deflate the blocking balloon and withdraw the system. We performed PTA for 5 ICA lesions in 4 cases and got successful dilatations for all of them without complications. Our blocking balloon system is useful for performing the PTA of the ICA safely.
Enzymic synthesis of 3:6-anhydro-<scp>l</scp>-galactose within porphyran from <scp>l</scp>-galactose 6-sulphate units (1961)

Research Article| November 01 1961 Enzymic synthesis of 3:6-anhydro-l-galactose within porphyran from l-galactose 6-sulphate units DA Rees DA Rees 1Department of Chemistry, The University, Edinburgh 9 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1961) 81 (2): 347–352. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0810347 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation DA Rees; Enzymic synthesis of 3:6-anhydro-l-galactose within porphyran from l-galactose 6-sulphate units. Biochem J 1 November 1961; 81 (2): 347–352. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0810347 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1961 The Biochemical Society1961 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Starting of Diesel Engines: Uncontrolled Fuel Injection Problems (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Many problems can develop from the uncontrolled fuel injection during cranking and starting of diesel engines. Some of the problems are related to excessive wear as a result of the high peak pressures reached upon combustion after misfiring, the relatively low rotating speeds and the lack of formation of a lubricating oil film between the interacting surfaces. Another problem is the emission of high amounts of unburned hydrocarbons and white smoke. Experimental results are given for a single cylinder and a multicylinder diesel engine, for the instantaneous angular velocity and cylinder pressures from the starter-on point until the engine fires. The causes of misfiring during cranking are investigated. The role of the increased blow-by gases on the autoignition process at the low cranking speeds is analyzed both analytically and experimentally. The contribution of the instantaneous angular velocity at the time of injection, on the autoignition process is investigated. The need for electronic fuel control during cranking is emphasized.</div>
PICARA, an Analytical Pipeline Providing Probabilistic Inference about A Priori Candidates Genes Underlying Genome-Wide Association QTL in Plants (2012)

PICARA is an analytical pipeline designed to systematically summarize observed SNP/trait associations identified by genome wide association studies (GWAS) and to identify candidate genes involved in the regulation of complex trait variation. The pipeline provides probabilistic inference about a priori candidate genes using integrated information derived from genome-wide association signals, gene homology, and curated gene sets embedded in pathway descriptions. In this paper, we demonstrate the performance of PICARA using data for flowering time variation in maize - a key trait for geographical and seasonal adaption of plants. Among 406 curated flowering time-related genes from Arabidopsis, we identify 61 orthologs in maize that are significantly enriched for GWAS SNP signals, including key regulators such as FT (Flowering Locus T) and GI (GIGANTEA), and genes centered in the Arabidopsis circadian pathway, including TOC1 (Timing of CAB Expression 1) and LHY (Late Elongated Hypocotyl). In addition, we discover a regulatory feature that is characteristic of these a priori flowering time candidates in maize. This new probabilistic analytical pipeline helps researchers infer the functional significance of candidate genes associated with complex traits and helps guide future experiments by providing statistical support for gene candidates based on the integration of heterogeneous biological information.
Association of Fat Density With Subclinical Atherosclerosis (2014)

Lower VAT and SAT HU, indirect estimates of fat quality, are associated with a lower risk of subclinical atherosclerosis.
Introduction to the Special Issue: 20th-Century Origins and 21st-Century Developments of Peer Nomination Methodology (2017)

This issue of New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development looks at current practices and recent advances in peer nomination methodology. Peer nominations provide a key method for assessing relationships, social status, and interpersonal behavior. This introductory article begins with a history of peer nomination methods, with a focus on the early origins of peer informant measures and the nature of Moreno's (1934) sociometric methodology (highlighting fundamental differences from the modern sociometric procedure). Next, the article addresses major changes that have occurred in peer nomination research over the course of the past 2 decades, including the recent focus on popularity and relational aggression, statistical advances, logistical challenges and innovations, and the changing conventions of the nomination procedure itself. The final section includes a brief overview of the articles included in this issue.
Heterogeneity of CD4<sup>+</sup> memory T cells: Functional modules for tailored immunity (2009)

Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity is the hallmark of effector and memory T cells. Upon antigenic stimulation, naïve CD4(+) T cells make choices to become effector Th1, Th2 or Th17 cells, or even Treg. In addition to differences in cytokine repertoire, effector CD4(+) T cells exhibit diversity in homing, such as migration to lymph node follicles to help B cells versus migration to inflamed tissues. Upon clearance of the antigen, two major types of memory T cells remain: central memory cells, which patrol lymphoid organs, and effector memory cells that act as sentinels in peripheral tissues such as the skin and the gut. Here, we review our current understanding of CD4(+) T-cell lineage heterogeneity and flexibility, with emphasis on the human system, and propose an organization of effector and memory T cells based on distinct functional modules.
Lucky Loyalty: The Effect of Consumer Effort on Predictions of Randomly Determined Marketing Outcomes (2014)

This research explores how loyal customers, those who have invested relatively high amounts of effort with a firm in the form of past purchases, respond to randomly determined marketing outcomes (e.g., winning a prize in a random drawing). Across five studies, participants exhibit a "lucky loyalty" effect, in which they believe that greater effort (e.g., dollars spent at a retailer or number of nights stayed at a hotel) results in greater likelihood of obtaining randomly determined promotional outcomes. Loyal customers report these higher subjective likelihoods for randomly determined outcomes because they feel they deserve special treatment from the firm. Theoretically, this work demonstrates that individuals appear to believe that they can earn "unearnable" outcomes through effort, even when the effort and outcome are unrelated. Boundary conditions for the lucky loyalty effect are presented, and the implications of the findings are discussed along with opportunities for future research.
Developing Secure E-Commerce in China (2004)

The Chinese government has been keen to develop electronic commerce (e-commerce) as a source of economic growth and modernization. While B2B (business-to-business) online transactions are boosted by state-owned enterprises or government-affiliated businesses, B2C (business-to-consumer) online transactions constitute a very minor proportion of e-commerce activities. Several obstacles have deterred consumers from embracing the Internet for B2C online trading and payment, such as inconvenient electronic payment systems, low public confidence in the insecure electronic networks and inadequate regulatory frameworks. It is imperative for the progress of e-commerce in China that electronic systems are secure, and operating frameworks transparent and stable. Otherwise, this emerging market economy will lag behind in enjoying the economic benefits of e-commerce, an emerging key facet in the World Trade Organization (WTO) environment.
The efficiency of overshot and undershot waterwheels (2003)

The waterwheel evolved over two millennia to become an efficient machine. We analyse the physics of waterwheels, and construct simple models that show why the two most important types had very different efficiencies. Our analysis reveals the important design parameters, and captures the essential features of our oldest mechanical power source.
Voltammetric multichannel measurements using silicon fabricated microelectrode arrays (1996)

Abstract A modular voltammetric multichannel detection system has been developed for use in flow analysis. Two different types of multichannel potentiostats, an adjustable and a ground‐fixed potentiostat, are realized. Both types work with up to sixteen independent working electrodes at one chip electrode array and are controlled through a personal computer and a microcontroller. Simultaneous difference pulse and cyclic voltammetric procedures are realized. Platinum thin‐film array electrodes have been arranged on silicon wafers as pairs of interdigitated microband electrodes (interdigitated array electrodes; IDA) with an interelectrode gap in the submicrometer range. Furthermore the multichannel electrodes in a flow system were used to characterize the highly sensitive flow profiles and flow rate measurements using redox mediators. A brief description of applying the multichannel device for ‘window’ stripping of heavy metals is given.
The μ opioid receptor: from molecular cloning to functional studies (1996)

Opioids have been used and abused by humans for centuries. The mu opioid receptor represents the high affinity binding site for opioid narcotics with high abuse liability such as morphine, codeine and fentanyl. Heroin (diacetylmorphine), a semi-synthetic derivative of morphine, crosses the blood-brain barrier more readily than morphine due to its increased hydrophobicity. Once in the brain heroin is hydrolyzed to morphine, which acts at the mu opioid receptor and results in euphoria, thus conferring the reinforcing properties of heroin. Using molecular biology techniques, the mu opioid receptors from several species have been cloned. This article reviews recent progress in this area, with respect to the two major cellular functions of the mu opioid receptor: reduction of intracellular cAMP concentration by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase activity, and inhibition of neuronal firing by modulating membrane ion channels.