gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Complexity Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation Algorithm in TD-LTE (2013)

Frequency offset estimation is an important module in the downlink synchronization process of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. Research on frequency synchronization of OFDM, a low-complexity and efficient method is proposed to evaluate frequency offset in this paper. In general, maximum likelihood (ML) based on cyclic prefix (CP) and primary synchronization signal (PSS) frequency-domain cross-correlation algorithm are applied for fractional carrier frequency offset estimation. PSS time-domain cross-correlation algorithm is used to estimate integral carrier frequency offset. However, for fractional carrier frequency estimation, the performance of ML based on CP degrades in fading channel. The complexity of the other algorithm is high. Also, the conventional integral carrier frequency estimation requires cross-correlation between the received PSS and local PSS or auto-correlation of received PSS, so they also have great complexity. In this paper, relying on the PSS time center-symmetric property, we perform PSS auto-correlation method twice in the time domain. Hence fractional carrier frequency offset is obtained and compensated. Next, relying on the PSS frequency center-symmetric property, we perform energy difference computations to estimate the integral carrier frequency offset, which is equal to the distance between the calculated minimum and the central frequency in frequency domain. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can estimate frequency offset accurately, guarantee the reliance and reduce complexity in comparison with the normal methods
Twenty-Eight Day Nose-Only Inhalation Toxicity Study of Resorcinol Bis-Diphenylphosphate (Fyrolflex RDP) in Rats (2000)

To evaluate the effects of repeated inhalation exposure to resorcinol bis-diphenylphosphate (Fyrolflex RDP), male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received nose-only inhalation exposure to Fyrolflex RDP for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Concentrations of Fyrolflex RDP tested were 0 (filtered air control), 0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 mg/l air. Ten rats/sex/group were euthanized on day 29; 10 additional rats/sex in the control and high-dose groups were euthanized after a 60-day recovery period. RDP induced no mortality or overt toxicity during the exposure or recovery periods. Body weight and body weight gain were reduced in high-dose male rats during exposure, but returned to control levels after 5 weeks of recovery. Absolute and relativelung weights were increased in mid-and high-dose groups after exposure, and in the high-dose group at the end of the recovery period. Relative fiver weights were increased after exposure in mid-and high-dose females and in high-dose males. Gross pathology was limited to confluent white foci in the lungs of all high-dose animals after exposure, and in 80 % of high-dose animals after the recovery period. Underlying lung histopathology after exposure consisted of alveolar histiocytosis in mid-and high-dose groups; this progressed to chronic foreign body inflammation in high-dose rats after recovery. This response is characteristic of a noncytotoxic, water-insoluble foreign material that reaches the alveolar region of the lung. On this basis, although the observed lung lesions were exposure-related, they were not considered to reflect a specific toxic response to Fyrolflex RDP. No exposure-relatedgross or microscopic pathology was identified in any other organ in any experimental group. The no-observed-effectlevel (NOEL) for RDP in this study was 0.1 mg/l.
Ultrasound imaging in lower limb prosthetics (2002)

The biomechanical interaction between the residual limb and the prosthetic socket determines the quality of fit of the socket in lower limb prosthetics. An understanding of this interaction and the development of quantitative measures to predict the quality of fit of the socket are important for optimal socket design. Finite-element modeling is used widely for biomechanical modeling of the limb/socket interaction and requires information on the internal and external geometry of the residual limb. Volumetric imaging methods such as X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound have been used to obtain residual limb shape information. Of these modalities, ultrasound has been introduced most recently and its development for visualization in prosthetics is the least mature. This paper reviews ultrasound image acquisition and processing methods as they have been applied in lower limb prosthetics.
Clinical Neurology of Aging, 2nd Ed. (1995)

Clinical Neurology of Aging, 2nd Ed.

edited by MARTIN L. ALBERT and JANICE E. KNOEFEL, 704 pp., ill., New York, Oxford University Press, 1994. $125.00

This is an extensively revised second edition of a classic text on geriatric neurology. The first edition of this book was published in 1984. The book is divided into six sections: (1) …
Characterization of Cr−MCM-41 and Al,Cr−MCM-41 Mesoporous Catalysts for Gas-Phase Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexane (2007)

The effects of the Cr concentration in hydrothermally synthesized Cr−MCM-41 and the impact of various postsynthesis treatments including grafting with alumina were investigated. Using physicochemical characterization by XRD, diffuse reflectance UV−vis spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy, H2 TPR, and acidity measurements, formation of mono- and dichromate surface species as well as CrV, dispersed CrIII, and clustered CrIII was detected, confirming the high speciation and valence versatility of the surface chromium. The roles of each species in the preparation stage, calcination, leaching, and grafting are discussed. Leaching resulted in removal of all isolated CrIII species, suggesting that CrIII is attached to the MCM-41 surface via silanol groups. The resulting materials exhibited low acidity, with both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites being present. The oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of cyclohexane was catalyzed by Cr−MCM-41 with a conversion of up to 25.7% in the temperature range of 533−633 K. The CrIII sites have been concluded to be responsible for cyclohexane ODH, but total activity was influenced by the presence of easily reducible CrVI at the beginning of the reaction. During the reaction, high-valence Cr ions were reduced to clustered Cr2O3 species.
Notes: Preparation of a New Class of Steroids with Unnatural Configuration. The 19-Nor-5α, 10α Series (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes: Preparation of a New Class of Steroids with Unnatural Configuration. The 19-Nor-5α, 10α SeriesRichard Rapala and Eugene FarkasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 9, 1404–1405Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1958Publication History Published online7 July 2003Published inissue 1 September 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01103a628https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01103a628research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of Multi Threshold (Multi Vth) Level Converters for Block Interfaces (2011)

In this paper, three novel level converters based on a multi threshold voltage CMOS technology are presented. Unlike the conventional level conversion techniques based on feedback, the proposed level converters eliminate the static dc current using multi-Vth devices. The new level converters are compared with two previously published feedback-based level converters for different supply voltages. The effectiveness of the proposed circuits for reducing power consumption, propagation delay, and area is evaluated at scaled supply voltages down to the subthreshold regime.
A CGRA-Based Approach for Accelerating Convolutional Neural Networks (2015)

Convolutional neural network (CNN) is an emerging approach for achieving high recognition accuracy in various machine learning applications. To accelerate CNN computations, various GPU-based or application-specific hardware approaches have been recently proposed. However, since they require large computing hardware and absolute energy amount, they are not suitable for embedded applications. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to accelerate CNN computations using a CGRA (Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Architecture) for low-power embedded systems. We first present a new CGRA with distributed scratchpad memory blocks for efficient temporal blocking to reduce memory bandwidth pressure. We then show the architecture of our CNN accelerator using the CGRA with some dedicated software implementation. We evaluated our approach by comparing some existing platforms, such as high-end and mobile GPUs, and general multicore CPUs. The evaluation result shows that our proposal achieves 1.93x higher performance per memory bandwidth and 2.92x higher area performance, respectively.
Simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction (SMEIR) for 4D cone‐beam CT (2013)

The proposed SMEIR algorithm is able to estimate a motion model and reconstruct motion-compensated 4D-CBCT. The SMEIR algorithm improves image reconstruction accuracy of 4D-CBCT and tumor motion trajectory estimation accuracy as compared to conventional sequential 4D-CBCT reconstruction and motion estimation.
Dependence of Reaction Velocity upon surface and Agitation (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDependence of Reaction Velocity upon surface and AgitationA. W. Hixson and J. H. CrowellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1931, 23, 8, 923–931Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1931https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50260a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1265Altmetric-Citations735LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Nitric oxide and neurally mediated regulation of skin blood flow during local heating (2001)

The mechanisms underlying the skin blood flow (SkBF) response to local heating are complex and poorly understood. Our goal was to examine the role of axon reflexes and nitric oxide (NO) in the SkBF response to a local heating protocol. We performed 40 experiments following a standardized heating protocol with different interventions, including blockade of the axon reflex (EMLA cream), antebrachial nerve blockade (0.5% bupivacaine injection), and NO synthase (NOS) inhibition (> or =10 mM N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; microdialysis). Appropriate controls were performed to verify the efficacy of the various blocks. Values are expressed as a percentage of maximal SkBF (SkBF(max); 50 mM sodium nitroprusside). At the initiation of local heating, SkBF rose to an initial peak, followed by a brief nadir, and a secondary, progressive rise to a plateau. Axon reflex block decreased the initial peak from 75+3 to 32 +/- 2% SkBF(max) (P < 0.01 vs. control) but did not affect the plateau. NOS inhibition before and throughout local heating reduced the initial peak from 75 +/- 3 to 56 +/- 3% SkBF(max) (P < 0.01) and the plateau from 87 +/- 4 to 40 +/- 5%. NOS inhibition during axon reflex block did not further reduce the initial SkBF peak compared with axon reflex block alone. Antebrachial nerve block did not affect the local heating SkBF response. The primary finding of these studies is that there are at least two independent mechanisms contributing to the rise in SkBF during nonpainful local heating: a fast-responding vasodilator system mediated by the axon reflexes and a more slowly responding vasodilator system that relies on local production of NO.
A Dynamic Programming Solution to the Single Vehicle Many-to-Many Immediate Request Dial-a-Ride Problem (1980)

An investigation of the single-vehicle, many-to-many, immediate-request dial-a-ride problem is developed in two parts (I and II). Part I focuses on the “static” case of the problem. In this case, intermediate requests that may appear during the execution of the route are not considered. A generalized objective function is examined, the minimization of a weighted combination of the time to service all customers and of the total degree of “dissatisfaction” experienced by them while waiting for service. This dissatisfaction is assumed to be a linear function of the waiting and riding times of each customer. Vehicle capacity constraints and special priority rules are part of the problem. A Dynamic Programming approach is developed. The algorithm exhibits a computational effort which, although an exponential function of the size of the problem, is asymptotically lower than the corresponding effort of the classical Dynamic Programming algorithm applied to a Traveling Salesman Problem of the same size. Part II extends this approach to solving the equivalent “dynamic” case. In this case, new customer requests are automatically eligible for consideration at the time they occur. The procedure is an open-ended sequence of updates, each following every new customer request. The algorithm optimizes only over known inputs and does not anticipate future customer requests. Indefinite deferment of a customer’s request is prevented by the priority rules introduced in Part I. Examples in both “static” and “dynamic” cases are presented.
GaAs MESFET's Fabricated on Monolithic (1984)

x lo'' and 2.5 x cm -3~ of devices on separate GaAs and Si chips. For example, 2s IC'~ could utilize GaAs diode lasers to form optical links for highdata-rate-intra- and interchip communication. Currently MGS substrates are prepared by growing GaAs layers on Si wafers. Device-quality GaAs layers have not been obtained by direct growth on Si, however, because nucleation is diffucult and also because GaAs and Si differ greatly in their lattice constants and thermal expansion coefficients. At the present stage of
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: A therapeutic challenge (1999)

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is an extremely aggressive solid tumor that resists most therapeutic efforts and is almost always fatal. It typically arises as a terminal dedifferentiation of unrecognized long-standing differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Current chemotherapeutic agents are not capable of consistent beneficial therapeutic responses, although rare patients may gain additional months of survival. Aggressive local tumor control with surgery and external beam radiotherapy may provide palliation and delay eventual death from distant metastatic disease. This disease challenges clinicians and researchers to develop new systemic therapies as well as to aggressively treat differentiated thyroid cancers before they become anaplastic tumors.
A comparative investigation of 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (4-ene VPA) and its alpha-fluorinated analogue: phase II metabolism and pharmacokinetics. (1997)

An earlier study in rats revealed that alpha-fluorination of 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (4-ene VPA), a toxic metabolite of the anticonvulsant drug valproic acid, would avert its metabolism via beta-oxidation and eliminate the drug-related hepatotoxicity. This investigation was carried out to compare 4-ene VPA and the alpha-fluorinated analogue (alpha-fluoro-4-ene VPA) for their pharmacokinetic and protein binding properties. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with either 4-ene VPA or alpha-fluoro-4-ene VPA i.p. at 1.4 mmol/kg. Blood was collected from the tail vein at various time points and serum samples were prepared. Urine was collected for 24 hr. A second set of rats was treated the same but sacrificed 1 hr post dose, and the livers were homogenized in a Tris-buffer. Protein binding was assessed via ultrafiltration of the naive serum samples spiked with either of the drugs. The serum drug concentration-time profiles of 4-ene VPA and alpha-fluoro-4-ene VPA seemed to resemble one another during the initial 200 min within which differences were reported for their effects on mitochondrial GSH. A second serum peak concentration was observed for 4-ene VPA at approximately 300 min, which was attributed to the extensive glucuronidation of the drug and enterohepatic circulation. The alpha-fluoro-4-ene VPA, on the other hand, did not show these properties with its major phase II metabolite being the corresponding L-glutamine conjugate. The toxic metabolite (E)-2-propyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid and its N-acetylcysteine conjugate were detected only in 4-ene VPA treated rats. Liver concentrations of 4-ene VPA and alpha-fluoro-4-ene VPA were 0.96 +/- 0.11 and 0.89 +/- 0.19 micromol/g of wet liver, respectively, at 1 hr after the dose. Comparable and parallel serum free drug levels were apparent for the two drugs over a concentration range of 0.25 to 2.9 micromol/ml. Taken together, the data seem to suggest that the reported distinction in the ability of 4-ene VPA and alpha-fluoro-4-ene VPA to produce liver toxicity in the rat resides in differences in their metabolism rather than in their pharmacokinetic properties.
Sub-0.5 nm Equivalent Oxide Thickness Scaling for Si-Doped Zr<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Hf<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>2</sub> Thin Film without Using Noble Metal Electrode (2015)

The dielectric properties of the Si-doped Zr1-xHfxO2 thin films were investigated over a broad compositional range with the goal of improving their properties for use as DRAM capacitor materials. The Si-doped Zr1-xHfxO2 thin films were deposited on TiN bottom electrodes by atomic layer deposition using a TEMA-Zr/TEMA-Hf mixture precursor for deposition of Zr1-xHfxO2 film and Tris-EMASiH as a Si precursor. The Si stabilizer increased the tetragonality and the dielectric constant; however, at high fractions of Si, the crystal structure degraded to amorphous and the dielectric constant decreased. Doping with Si exhibited a larger influence on the dielectric constant at higher Hf content. A Si-doped Hf-rich Zr1-xHfxO2 thin film, with tetragonal structure, exhibited a dielectric constant of about 50. This is the highest value among all reported results for Zr and Hf oxide systems, and equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) value of under 0.5 nm could be obtained with a leakage current of under 10(-7) A·cm(-2), which is the lowest EOT value ever reported for a DRAM storage capacitor system without using a noble-metal-based electrode.
Protein kinase Cα targeting is regulated by temporal and spatial changes in intracellular free calcium concentration [Ca <sup>2+</sup> ] <sub>i</sub> (2000)

Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms exert specific intracellular functions, but the different isoforms display little substrate specificity in vitro. Selective PKC isoform targeting may be a mechanism to achieve specificity. We used a green fluorescent fusion protein (GFP) to test the hypothesis that local changes in [Ca(2+)](i) regulate translocation of PKCalpha and that different modes of Ca(2+) and Ca(2+) release play a role in PKCalpha targeting. We constructed deletion mutants of PKCalpha to analyze the Ca(2+)-sensitive domains and their role in targeting. Confocal microscopy was used and [Ca(2+)](i) was measured by fluo-3. The fusion protein PKCalpha-GFP was expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and showed a cytosolic distribution similar to the wild-type PKCalpha protein. The Ca(2+) ionophore ionomycin induced a speckled cytosolic PKCalpha-GFP distribution, followed by membrane translocation, while depolarization by KCl induced primarily membrane translocation. Selective voltage-operated Ca(2+) channel opening led to a localized accumulation of PKCalpha-GFP near the plasma membrane. Opening Ca(2+) stores with InsP(3), thapsigargin, or ryanodine induced a specific PKCalpha-GFP targeting to distinct intracellular areas. The G-protein-coupled receptor agonist thrombin induced a rapid translocation of the fusion protein to focal domains. The tyrosine kinase receptor agonist PDGF induced Ca(2+) influx and led to a linear PKCalpha-GFP membrane association. PKCalpha-GFP deletion mutants demonstrated that the C2 domain, but not the catalytic subunit, is necessary for Ca(2+)-induced PKCalpha targeting. Targeting was also abolished when the ATP binding site was deleted. We conclude that PKCalpha can rapidly be translocated to distinct intracellular or membrane domains by local increases in [Ca(2+)](i). The targeting mechanism is dependent on the C2 and ATP binding site of the enzyme. Localized [Ca(2+)](i) changes determine the spatial and temporal targeting of PKCalpha.
A training-free empirical receiver for QAM signals (2003)

Noise and interference on communications channels can often deviate significantly from that predicted by Gaussian models. This unfortunate reality can degrade the system performance to unacceptable levels. Empirical universal receivers have been developed which achieve asymptotic optimality over a very wide range of channels, and are thus useful in such situations. However, these receivers require training or pilot signals from the channel, which in turn reduces the effective bandwidth of the channel. In this paper, we demonstrate a "training-free" empirical receiver which is shown to perform significantly better than reasonably trained universal receivers and nearly as well as the globally optimal receiver. Importantly this receiver is capable of deriving the necessary training information directly from the transmitted communication signal, and thus requires no bandwidth overhead. Applications to QPSK reception are discussed thoroughly.
Licensing Issues on the Internet (1997)

The Internet is considered an important vehicle for agencies to use in disseminating information and collecting data.Id.2 Id. at 26-27."Those familiar with the Internet believe that in the not-toodistant future, as security and similar issues are resolved, the Internet will be the primary way cities, counties and states transact business with citizens."Id.I See Bruce W. Sanford and Michael J. Lorenger, Symposium: Legal Regulation of the Internet, Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks: The First Amendment in an Online