gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integral representation of the diffracted intensity from one-dimensional stepped surfaces and epitaxial layers (1985)

An integral representation of the diffracted intensity from one-dimensional stepped surfaces and overlayers is obtained based on the single-scattering (kinematic) theory. We find exact solutions for an arbitrary terrace or island size distribution on stepped surfaces or epitaxial layers in an extremely simple manner. This theory greatly expands the utility of the kinematic analysis of electron, atom, or grazing x-ray diffraction data. A particularly useful area of application is the quantitative study of the nucleation kinetics during the epitaxial growth of thin films. Several surface ordering models are discussed in terms of this simplified approach.
Texture Plus Depth Video Coding Using Camera Global Motion Information (2017)

In video coding, traditional motion estimation methods work well for videos with camera translational motion, but their efficiency drops for other motions, such as rotational and dolly motions. In this paper, a motion-information-based three-dimensional (3D) video coding method is proposed for texture plus depth 3D video. The synchronized global motion information of the camera is obtained to assist the encoder improve its rate-distortion performance by projecting the temporal neighboring texture and depth frames into the position of the current frame, using the depth and camera motion information. Then, the projected frames are added into the reference buffer list as virtual reference frames. As these virtual reference frames could be more similar to the current to-be-encoded frame than the conventional reference frames, the required bits to represent the residual will be reduced. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme enhances the coding performance for all camera motion types and for various scene settings and resolutions using H.264 and HEVC standards, respectively. With the computer graphic sequences, for H.264, the average gain of texture and depth coding are up to 2 dB and 1 dB, respectively. For HEVC and HD resolution sequences, the gain of texture coding reaches 0.4 dB. For realistic sequences, up to 0.5 dB gain (H.264) is achieved for the texture video, while up to 0.7 dB gain is achieved for the depth sequences.
Etching of diamond with argon and oxygen ion beams (1984)

The angular dependences of the sputter yield of (100) single crystal diamond under argon and oxygen ion beams were investigated. For argon ion beams a large increase in the sputter yield was observed as the angle of incidence was increased from the normal, with a maximum occurring at approximately 60° from the normal. The magnitude of the increase and the angle at which the maximum was observed were dependent on the ion energy and species. The shape of the yield versus angle of incidence curve indicated the presence of a highly damaged surface layer. Large deviations from this curve were observed where ion incidence was along channeling directions. Studies with oxygen ion beams showed almost no angular dependence for 500 eV ions while at an energy of 1000 eV the angular dependence was similar to that for argon ions. At normal incidence the yield for 500 eV oxygen ions was seven times larger than that for 500 eV argon ions. For 1000 eV oxygen and argon ions the corresponding ratio is only 2.5. Implications for mechanisms of inert and reactive ion etching are discussed. Application of the data to ion beam shaping of diamond tips for ultrahigh pressure research is discussed.
Nonlinear predictive control of uncertain processes: Application to a CSTR (1991)

Abstract Nonlinear predictive control (NLPC) is an effective strategy for controlling nonlinear chemical processes with constraints and time delays. In this article, a number of important issues in NLPC are addressed, emphasizing continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR's) with parametric and model structure uncertainty. In particular, the effects of various choices for the initial conditions are discussed. The selection of initial conditions is particularly important in the presence of plant/model mismatch. A nonlinear programming‐based approach is used for process identification. The effect of model structure uncertainty is included in our analysis by using a cascade control structure on the coolant temperature. Our CSTR results indicate that a simple PI (with anti‐reset windup) cascade loop on coolant temperature is adequate for operation over a wide range of operating conditions. A particularly interesting result of this work is that a predictive controller based on an open‐loop observer can be used to stabilize an open‐loop unstable process, although this is not recommended in practice.
What you can see is what you can feel-development of a visual/haptic interface to virtual environment (1996)

We propose a new concept of visual/haptic interfaces called WYSIWYF display. The proposed concept provides correct visual/haptic registration using a vision based object tracking technique and a video keying technique so that what the user can see via a visual interface is consistent with what he/she can feel through a haptic interface. Using Chroma Keying, a live video image of the user's hand is extracted and blended with the graphic scene of the virtual environment. The user's hand "encounters" the haptic device exactly when his/her hand touches a virtual object in the blended scene. The first prototype has been built and the proposed concept was demonstrated.
Distributed and Centralized Hybrid CSMA/CA-TDMA Schemes for Single-Hop Wireless Networks (2014)

The strength of carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) can be combined with that of time-division multiple access (TDMA) to enhance the channel access performance in wireless networks such as the IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless personal area networks. In particular, the performance of legacy CSMA/CA-based medium access control scheme in congested networks can be enhanced through a hybrid CSMA/CA-TDMA scheme while preserving the scalability property. In this paper, we present distributed and centralized channel access models that follow the transmission strategies based on Markov decision process (MDP) to access both contention period and contention-free period in an intelligent way. The models consider the buffer status as an indication of congestion provided that the offered traffic does not exceed the channel capacity. We extend the models to consider the hidden node collision problem encountered due to the signal attenuation caused by channel fading. The simulation results show that the MDP-based distributed channel access scheme outperforms the legacy slotted CSMA/CA scheme. The centralized model outperforms the distributed model but requires the global information of the network.
Learning Deep Representations for Scene Labeling with Semantic Context Guided Supervision (2017)

Scene labeling is a challenging classification problem where each input image requires a pixel-level prediction map. Recently, deep-learning-based methods have shown their effectiveness on solving this problem. However, we argue that the large intra-class variation provides ambiguous training information and hinders the deep models' ability to learn more discriminative deep feature representations. Unlike existing methods that mainly utilize semantic context for regularizing or smoothing the prediction map, we design novel supervisions from semantic context for learning better deep feature representations. Two types of semantic context, scene names of images and label map statistics of image patches, are exploited to create label hierarchies between the original classes and newly created subclasses as the learning supervisions. Such subclasses show lower intra-class variation, and help CNN detect more meaningful visual patterns and learn more effective deep features. Novel training strategies and network structure that take advantages of such label hierarchies are introduced. Our proposed method is evaluated extensively on four popular datasets, Stanford Background (8 classes), SIFTFlow (33 classes), Barcelona (170 classes) and LM+Sun datasets (232 classes) with 3 different networks structures, and show state-of-the-art performance. The experiments show that our proposed method makes deep models learn more discriminative feature representations without increasing model size or complexity.
Advantages and Drawbacks of Popular Supercritical Fluid Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry Interfacing Approaches—A User's Perspective (2005)

Mobile phases in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) have low viscosities and high diffusion coefficients with respect to those of traditional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These properties allow higher mobile phase flow rates and/or longer columns in SFC, resulting in rapid analyses and high efficiency separations. In addition, chiral SFC is becoming especially popular. Mass spectrometry (MS) is arguably the most popular "informative" detector for chromatographic separations. Most SFC/MS is performed with atmospheric pressure ionization (API) sources. Unlike LC/MS, the interface between the SFC column and the API source must allow control of the downstream (post-column) pressure while also providing good chromatographic fidelity. Here we compare and contrast the popular interfacing approaches. Some are simple, such as direct effluent introduction with no active back-pressure-regulator (BPR) in high speed bioanalytical applications. The pressure-regulating-fluid interface is more versatile and provides excellent chromatographic fidelity, but is less user friendly. The pre-BPR- split interface and an interface which provides total-flow-introduction with a mechanical BPR are good compromises between user friendliness and performance, and have become the most popular among practitioners. Applications of SFC/MS using these various interfaces are also discussed.
Isolation and Structure of Higher Diamondoids, Nanometer-Sized Diamond Molecules (2003)

We exploited the exceptional thermal stability and diverse molecular shapes of higher diamondoids (C22 and higher polymantanes) to isolate them from petroleum. Molecules containing 4 to 11 diamond-crystal cages were isolated and crystallized, and we obtained single-crystal x-ray structures for representatives from three families. Rigidity, strength, remarkable assortments of three- dimensional shapes, including resolvable chiral forms, and multiple, readily derivatizable attachment sites make them valuable nanometer-size molecular building blocks.
Synovial Metaplasia, A Specialized Form of Repair (2002)

Synovial metaplasia is a change seen most frequently in the tissues surrounding silicone breast prostheses and in healing tissue adjacent to joint prostheses. It has also been described in skin and soft tissues, most frequently in healing or healed traumatic or surgical wounds. We report a case of synovial metaplasia occurring in a hitherto unreported location, namely, adjacent to a silicone low-pressure voice prosthesis. A review of cases of synovial metaplasia reported in the literature revealed that in most cases, spaces that form adjacent to foreign material (most commonly silicone breast prostheses) and the smooth gliding surfaces of the foreign material that resist penetration by fibroblast processes are frequent associated findings that precede the occurrence of synovial metaplasia. Thus, synovial metaplasia might represent a specialized form of healing in cases that have this combination of physical features.
Encapsulation of mixed radioactive and hazardous waste contaminated incinerator ash in modified sulfur cement (1990)

Some of the process waste streams incinerated at various Department of Energy (DOE) facilities contain traces of both low-level radioactive (LLW) and hazardous constituents, thus yielding ash residues that are classified as mixed waste. Work is currently being performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to develop new and innovative materials for encapsulation of DOE mixed wastes including incinerator ash. One such material under investigation is modified sulfur cement, a thermoplastic developed by the US Bureau of Mines. Monolithic waste forms containing as much as 55 wt % incinerator fly ash from Idaho national Engineering Laboratory (INEL) have been formulated with modified sulfur cement, whereas maximum waste loading for this waste in hydraulic cement is 16 wt %. Compressive strength of these waste forms exceeded 27.6 MPa. Wet chemical and solid phase waste characterization analyses performed on this fly ash revealed high concentrations of soluble metal salts including Pb and Cd, identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as toxic metals. Leach testing of the ash according to the EPA Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) resulted in concentrations of Pb and Cd above allowable limits. Encapsulation of INEL fly ash in modified sulfur cement with a small quantity of sodium sulfide added to enhance retention of soluble metal salts reduced TCLP leachate concentrations of Pb and Cd well below EPA concentration criteria for delisting as a toxic hazardous waste. 12 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.
Towards highly parallel event processing through reconfigurable hardware (2011)

We present fpga-ToPSS (Toronto Publish/Subscribe System), an efficient event processing platform to support high-frequency and low-latency event matching. fpga-ToPSS is built over reconfigurable hardware---FPGAs---to achieve line-rate processing by exploring various degrees of parallelism. Furthermore, each of our proposed FPGA-based designs is geared towards a unique application requirement, such as flexibility, adaptability, scalability, or pure performance, such that each solution is specifically optimized to attain a high level of parallelism. Therefore, each solution is formulated as a design trade-off between the degree of parallelism versus the desired application requirement. Moreover, our event processing engine supports Boolean expression matching with an expressive predicate language applicable to a wide range of applications including real-time data analysis, algorithmic trading, targeted advertisement, and (complex) event processing.
기획 : 한국한자학(韓國漢字學)의 미학적(美學的) 접근(接近)(3) ; 명종연간(明宗年間) 유일(遺逸)의 시에 나타난 미의식 ?조식(曺植),임훈(林薰),김범(金範)을 중심으로- (2012)

遺逸은 예로부터 學德과 재능을 지녀 朝官이 될 자질을 갖추었으면서도 벼슬하지 않고 재야에 은거하는 자를 일컫는다. 본고에서 다루는 16세기 명종연간 유일은 사화기를 거치면서 지방에 은거하였다가 유일천거에 의해 등용되는 인물로, 각지에서 출사하지 않고 심성수양과 학문연구에 진력하여 백성의 신망이 두텁던 당대 석학들이었다. 명종연간 유일은 다양한 성향을 보이는 16세기 문인 가운데 독특한 문학층을 이룬 부류이다. 이들의 성향은 세 가지로 분류할 수 있는데, 은거했더라도 현실에의 관심을 견지한 ``현실참여형``, 孔子?顔淵의 安貧樂道觀에 의거해 보다 적극적으로 자연과의 융합을 추구한 ``은일자적형``, 마지막으로 자연 속에서 학문에 침잠하여 士로서의 자기정체성을 확립하고 학문탐구에 진력한 ``지적탐구형``이 바로 그것이다. 조식?임훈?김범은 현실참여형에 속하는 인물이다. 이들은 자연 속에서 은자적 삶을 추구하면서도 현실에의 관심을 거두지 않는 士의 처세로 일관하였다. 그들의 시선은 인간에게로 향하고 있었던 것이다. 따라서 은거해 있으면서도 재야지식인으로서의 책무를 외면할 수 없었고, 때문에 時弊에 대해 끊임없는 시정을 요구하고 개선책을 제시하였다. 이러한 현실참여 의식은 그들의 문학작품 속에서 ``자연의 인간화``를 지향하는 미의식으로 표출되고 있다.
Origin and distribution of neuropeptide‐FF‐like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord of rats (1991)

Neuropeptide FF, or F8Famide (Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2; "morphine-modulating peptide"), isolated from bovine brain, is an FMRF-NH2-like peptide with morphine-modulating effects. Neuropeptide FF (NFF) is highly concentrated in spinal cords of various mammalian species. There is evidence that NFF participates in the modulation of nociceptive mechanisms. The present study was aimed at describing the distribution and origin of the neuropeptide-FF-like immunoreactivity (LI) in the rat spinal cord. For distribution studies spinal cord sections from colchicine-treated animals were processed according to the indirect immunofluorescence method. Retrograde fluorescent tracer was injected in the lumbar dorsal spinal cord to study descending NFF-LI-containing spinal pathways. NFF-immunoreactive (ir) cell bodies were detected in the substantia gelatinosa, marginal zone, laminae III, IV, and X at all levels of the spinal cord, and the dorsolateral funiculus, and dorsal gray commissure of the lumbosacral transition zone. NFF-ir fibers and terminals were identified in laminae I-IV and X, dorsolateral funiculus, intermediolateral cell column, dorsal gray commissure, sacral parasympathetic nucleus, and ventral horn. A spinal NFF-LI-containing descending pathway originating in the lamina X neurons was observed, but a supraspinal origin of descending NFF-ir fibers was not identified. According to this study the NFF-LI of the spinal cord is of intrinsic spinal origin. The anatomical distribution supports the concept that the NFF-like peptides have a role in the nociception. They may also be involved in sensory-visceral reflex arcs.
Obtaining Effective Remedies for Copyright Infringement in Cameroon: Identifying Contemporary Legal Challenges (2021)

This paper is based on the assumption that copyright infringement the world over and in Cameroon particularly is alarming and there is a need for the violators of copyrighted works to be sanctioned. With this, the paper set to determine the readily available remedies the copyright owner can seek following the infringement of a copyrighted work. The paper established that, the underlying idea behind copyright protection is to award fruits of labour to the person who has work and produced the copyrighted works based on originality and to prevent economic exploitation of the work of a creator by third parties. In keeping with this objective, the 2000 Copyright and Neighboring Rights law of Cameroon provides more specifically for penal sanction for the offence of infringement of copyright. However, some remedies are available under case law and the application of case law. It is recommended that, a cursory look of the sanctioned provided by the Cameroonian law of copyright should be given as it contained only criminal sanctions.
Single-pixel compressive diffractive imaging with structured illumination (2017)

We present a method for diffractive imaging with a single photodetector and structured illumination based on compressive sensing. A complex-amplitude object is sequentially illuminated with randomly structured coherent light patterns, and the intensities of each propagating field are measured with a single photodetector. This measurement process does not use any reference light or imaging optics. The object complex field is reconstructed from the sequentially measured intensities with an algorithm in which compressive sensing and phase retrieval are integrated. We demonstrate the proposed method experimentally.
Analysis and comparison of concurrency control protocols for wireless sensor networks (2011)

In recent years the sensor network databases TinyDB and StonesDB have emerged. While both provide a useful abstraction layer for querying data, live data in the case of TinyDB and historic data in the case of StonesDB, neither of these approaches provide transaction processing capabilities. Transaction processing capabilities are needed to guarantee the consistency, for instance, in the case of data updates at runtime or the sophisticated requirements of emerging wireless sensor and actor networks. In this paper we analyze traditional concurrency control approaches and compare them with regard to their usability in wireless sensor networks. Therefore, we implemented the traditional Strict Two Phase Locking (S2PL), Timestamp Ordering (TO) and Forward Oriented Optimistic Concurrency Control (FOCC) by validation. We show in experiments with the network simulator Shawn, that locking exhibits better commit rates and lower costs under a variety of conditions compared to timestamp ordering and validation. We also implemented locking for the sensor node platform Pacemate to show the feasibility of our approach. We believe that efficient concurrency control can broaden the application spectrum of sensor network databases and is also vital for the emerging wireless sensor and actor networks.
Radical-based dephosphorylation and organophosphonate biodegradation (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadical-based dephosphorylation and organophosphonate biodegradationJ. W. Frost, S. Loo, M. L. Cordeiro, and D. LiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 7, 2166–2171Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00241a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00241a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views520Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stable picosecond solid state YA103:Nd3+ laser for streak cameras dynamic evaluation (1991)

A specially developed solid-state laser intended for dynamic calibration of various type streak cameras is preseited. 5±lps light pulses of 0.5% output energy instability were emitted by YA1O3:Nd crystal laser with hybrid mode-locking and passive intracavity negajive feedback produced by the action of a GaAs plate. After compression of single pulse inside the fiber optics compressor, the minimum available pulse duration approaches O.3±O.lps. Such ultrashort pulses were utilized for streak cameras dynamic parameters evaluation.
Characteristics of Heterologous Membrane Antigen on Cultured Human Cells<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref> (1974)

HM Ag (heterologous membrane antigen) is incorporated into membranes of cultured human cells grown in media containing bovine serum. Natural antibody against HM Ag isfound in human sera. Immune adherence tests assayed the HM Ag on a human sarcoma cell line (SA-2). HM Ag was removed from the cell membranes of SA-2 grown in media with fetal calf serum (FCS) after the cells were transferred into agamma human serum (2-3 wk) or into whole human serum (1-2 wk). Cells grown in human serum reincorporated HM Ag into their membranes within 24 hours after transfer to medium with 20% FCS. The incorporation did not occur at 0° C and was suppressed with metabolic inhibitors. Treatment with neuraminidase removed the antigen, though treatment with proteinase did not. Anti-HL-A antibody reactivity was higher to cells grown with agamma human serum than to cells grown with FCS.