gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semi-Supervised Nonlinear Distance Metric Learning via Forests of Max-Margin Cluster Hierarchies (2014)

Metric learning is a key problem for many data mining and machine learning applications, and has long been dominated by Mahalanobis methods. Recent advances in nonlinear metric learning have demonstrated the potential power of non-Mahalanobis distance functions, particularly tree-based functions. We propose a novel nonlinear metric learning method that uses an iterative, hierarchical variant of semi-supervised max-margin clustering to construct a forest of cluster hierarchies, where each individual hierarchy can be interpreted as a weak metric over the data. By introducing randomness during hierarchy training and combining the output of many of the resulting semi-random weak hierarchy metrics, we can obtain a powerful and robust nonlinear metric model. This method has two primary contributions: first, it is semi-supervised, incorporating information from both constrained and unconstrained points. Second, we take a relaxed approach to constraint satisfaction, allowing the method to satisfy different subsets of the constraints at different levels of the hierarchy rather than attempting to simultaneously satisfy all of them. This leads to a more robust learning algorithm. We compare our method to a number of state-of-the-art benchmarks on $k$-nearest neighbor classification, large-scale image retrieval and semi-supervised clustering problems, and find that our algorithm yields results comparable or superior to the state-of-the-art, and is significantly more robust to noise.
An empirical evaluation of battery power consumption for streaming data transmission to mobile devices (2011)

Internet streaming applications are becoming increasingly popular on mobile devices. However, receiving streaming services on mobile devices is often constrained by their limited battery power supply. Various techniques have been proposed to save battery power consumption on mobile devices, mainly focusing on how much data to transmit and how to transmit.
Traffic patterns in a scalable multiprocessor through transputer emulation (1992)

The authors present a multiprocessor emulator designed to evaluate a scalable shared virtual memory architecture called the Data Diffusion Machine (DDM). The DDM is characterised by the lack of any fixed home location for data, with the virtual address being completely decoupled from the physical location of a datum. The authors describe the design of the emulator for the DDM and its transputer-based implementation. The emulator provides a flexible platform for evaluating the architecture and enables one to study the overall behaviour of the machine while running real, lace shared-memory applications. They present a profile of traffic observed at the controllers in the DDM hierarchy while running a variety of real shared-memory applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rate of flow of parotid secretion during constant stimulation (1960)

Thirty-one healthy, male individuals in a 17–21-year-age group were subjected to a bilateral collection of parotid secretion. Flow was elicited by chewing flavored chicle for a total stimulation period of 1 hour. All collections were made under carefully controlled regimen with minimal environmental and physical changes tolerated. Minute-to-minute rates of flow were not found to be predictable, but there was a pattern which was dependent upon the masticatory and gustatory stimuli. In a given individual it was possible to predict the flow rate of each of the parotid glands over 15-minute intervals. No glandular exhaustion was evident and hourly rate of flow was remarkably constant. Each gland showed an inherent individuality which was apparent throughout the complete period of excitation. Submitted on March 14, 1960
<title>Overlay can be improved by self-calibrated XY measuring instrument: a lattice perspective</title> (1996)

Although the traditional method of O/L measurement (relative comparison between two levels) has proved to be a practical and cost effective way of measuring overlays, in the future this method will have to be supplemented by other means that require measurement of feature position in an absolute coordinate system and then comparing the output with the database rather than with some other level the accuracy of which remains to be established. The use of well calibrated Coordinate Measuring Instruments (CMI's) is one way to achieve the desired accuracy. But calibrating CMI's is a chicken-or-egg dilemma; you can't calibrate one without an accurately measured artifact, and you can't make the artifact without a well-calibrated instrument. Or so it seems. Positional self-calibration methods were invented to solve this problem and show great promise. But still there are many subtleties that must be resolved before such methods can be trusted. This paper explains the geometric basis for lattice methods of self-calibration and concludes with a theorem that demonstrates one of the striking difficulties that must be faced when relying on self- calibration algorithms.
Practical Artifact Cancellation for Myoelectric Prosthesis Control (2008)

Prostheses are artificial body parts that can be used by amputees. Myoelectric prostheses are controlled by so-called surface electromyograms (sEMG) that are acquired on the skin surface of the residual limb. A well-known problem in myoelectric prostheses is motion artifacts, these artifacts cause unwanted behaviour of the prosthesis. The purpose of this study is to try to cancel the effect motion artifacts have on myoelectric prosthesis control, in order to avoid unsolicited prosthesis behaviour. The subject of myoelectric prostheses and motion artifacts are outlined in this study, together with the development and characterisation of a sensor that can do simultaneous measurements of sEMG and contact forces between a surface electrode and the skin. A protocol has been developed for the recording of the different signals in a laboratory. Suitable data sets have been recorded from one test subject, and signal processing and pattern recognition methods have been applied on these data sets to generate muscle force estimates. The pattern recognition methods were linear and quadratic mapping functions, and multi-layer perceptron network. To achieve better force estimates when motion artifacts are presence, signals from FSRs are taken into consideration together with sEMG signals. A qualitative comparison reveals obvious improvements for the sEMG sensor when FSR measurement is included. The system presently undergoes quantitative assessment of static and dynamic performance. The final step will hopefully be to integrate FSRs in a real prosthesis.
Characterization of Binding of Human Fibrinogen to the Surface of Germ-tubes and Mycelium of Candida albicans (1987)

The binding of human fibrinogen to germ-tubes and mycelium of Candida albicans, forms usually found in infected tissues, was studied in vitro by an immunofluorescence assay. Binding was quantified by using 125I-labelled fibrinogen. The degree of binding differed according to the morphological form of the fungus. Binding relative to that of the yeast form was greater for mycelium (12-fold) than for germ-tube (7.7-fold). Pretreatment of yeasts with fragments D and E (terminal degradation products of fibrinogen) before fibrinogen binding showed that fragment D possessed a higher affinity for C. albicans than fragment E. Binding of fibrinogen was diminished when C. albicans was pretreated with 2-mercaptoethanol alone or in combination with pronase, or pretreated with alpha-mannosidase or trypsin. Binding was not decreased by pretreatment with pronase alone or chitinase. Inhibition experiments using C. albicans dialysed culture filtrate, C. albicans mannan, chitin, sugars or amino sugars were done by preabsorbing the fibrinogen with each of the above mentioned compounds. C. albicans dialysed culture filtrate inhibited the binding more strongly than C. albicans mannan. However, fibrinogen binding to C. albicans was not significantly reduced by mannose, several other sugars or chitin. These studies demonstrate the existence of a fibrinogen-binding factor (FBF) strongly associated with the surface of germ-tube and filamentous forms of C. albicans, and indicate a possible role for FBF in the pathogenicity of C. albicans.
Therapeutic Options in the Management of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in Adults (1997)

BACKGROUND: The treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia has evolved in recent years due to advances in supportive care, the identification of prognostic factors, and the careful evaluation of chemotherapeutic modalities in randomized clinical trials. METHODS: The classification and prognostic features are reviewed, and the results from clinical trials have been evaluated with an emphasis on randomized trials and on both remission induction and postremission phases of management. RESULTS: The combination of an anthracycline and standard-dose Ara-C form the basis of remission induction. High-dose Ara-C has greater toxicity. For postremission therapy, high-dose Ara-C improves results in those with good risk features or normal cytogenetics. Acute promyelocytic leukemia management includes all-trans-retinoic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Once a patient relapses from a nontransplant approach, high-dose therapy and allogeneic marrow transplantation are considered. Autologous stem cell transplantation cures some patients who do not have a donor.
GALLIUM-68 AS A SCANNING AGENT FOR INTRACRANIAL LESIONS. (1964)

Gallium-68 was investigated as a possible agent for brain scanning for tumor localization. A number of compounds were tested, and several offer potential usefulness with positron cameras. The relative ease of obtaining Ga makes further work with it worthwhile. (auth)
Catalyst Deactivation during Zirconocene‐ and Hafnocene‐Induced Ethylene Dimerization (1982)

Abstract The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982 , 1984. DOI: 10.1002/anie.198219840
On-chip cavity quantum phonodynamics with an acceptor qubit in silicon (2013)

We describe a chip-based, solid-state analog of cavity-QED utilizing acoustic phonons instead of photons. We show how long-lived and tunable acceptor impurity states in silicon nanomechanical cavities can play the role of a matter nonlinearity for coherent phonons just as, e.g., the Josephson qubit plays in circuit QED. Both strong coupling (number of Rabi oscillations $\ensuremath{\lesssim}$100) and strong dispersive coupling (0.1--2 MHz) regimes can be reached in cavities in the 1--20-GHz range, enabling the control of single phonons, phonon-phonon interactions, dispersive phonon readout of the acceptor qubit, and compatibility with other optomechanical components such as phonon-photon translators. We predict explicit experimental signatures of the acceptor-cavity system.
A new type of micro-thermoelectric power generator fabricated by nanowire array thermoelectric material (2004)

Miniaturized solid-state devices such as MEMS, microelectrical system and even "system on a chip" are of interest for variety of space and terrestrial applications. For those micro-systems, micro-power sources with low power, high voltage output are necessary. To meet the promising requirement, we combined the high thermoelectric performance of nanowires with the advantage of IC fabrication process and designed a new type of microthermoelectric power generator which is comprised of n-type and p-type Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ nanowire array thermoelectric materials. The nanowires are embedded in the alumina nanoporous film and the unique laminar structure of the micropower generator makes thermo-electricity conversion more effective. A high,voltage output can be obtained by connecting the nanowire array micro-zones in parallel and then in series electrically. The designed micropower generator possesses a film like configuration and its thickness is less than 100 /spl mu/m.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Based Glucose Biosensors (2001)

Amperometric biosensors for the recognition of glucose oxidase (GOx) based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have for the first time been fabricated and are presented in this communication. This biosensor has potential applications for long-term glucose measurements, e.g., in the treatment of diabetes. The Figure shows the strong electrostatic binding of GOx to a matrix of PEDOT and poly(N-methyl-4-pyridine) (PMVP) (see also inside front cover).
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Cyclodextrin Itraconazole in Pediatric Patients with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (2002)

The safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of cyclodextrin itraconazole (CD-ITRA) oral suspension were investigated in an open sequential dose escalation study with 26 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and adolescents (5 to 18 years old; mean CD4(+)-cell count, 128/microl) with oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC). Patients received CD-ITRA at either 2.5 mg/kg of body weight once a day (QD) or 2.5 mg/kg twice a day (BID) for a total of 15 days. Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed after the first dose and for up to 120 h after the last dose, and antifungal efficacy was evaluated by standardized scoring of the oropharynx. Apart from mild to moderate gastrointestinal disturbances in three patients (11.5%), CD-ITRA was well tolerated. Two patients (7.6%) discontinued treatment prematurely due to study drug-related adverse events. After 15 days of treatment, the peak concentration of drug in plasma (C(max)), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0-24)), the concentration in plasma at the end of the dosing interval (predose) (C(min)), and the terminal half-life of itraconazole (ITRA) were (means and standard deviations) 0.604 +/- 0.53 microg/ml, 6.80 +/- 7.4 microg. h/ml, 0.192 +/- 0.06 microg/ml, and 56.48 +/- 44 h, respectively, for the QD regimen and 1.340 +/- 0.75 microg/ml, 23.04 +/- 14.5 microg. h/ml, 0.782 +/- 0.19 microg/ml, and 104.22 +/- 94 h, respectively, for the BID regimen. The mean AUC-based accumulation factors for ITRA on day 15 were 4.14 +/- 0.9 and 3.53 +/- 0.6, respectively. A comparison of the dose-normalized median AUC of the two dosage regimens revealed a trend toward nonlinear drug disposition (P = 0.05). The mean metabolic ratios (AUC of hydroxyitraconazole/AUC of ITRA) at day 15 were 1.96 +/- 0.1 for the QD regimen and 1.29 +/- 0.2 for the BID regimen, respectively (P < 0.05). The OPC score (range, 0 to 13) for all 26 patients decreased from a mean of 7.46 +/- 0.8 at baseline to 2.8 +/- 0.7 at the end of therapy (P < 0.001), demonstrating antifungal efficacy in this setting. The relationships among C(max), C(min), AUC(0-12), C(max)/MIC, C(min)/MIC, AUC(0-12)/MIC, time during the dosing interval when the plasma drug concentrations were above the MIC for the infecting isolate, and the residual OPC score at day 15 for the entire study population fit inhibitory effect pharmacodynamic models (r, 0.595 to 0.421; P, <0.01 to <0.05). All patients with fluconazole-resistant isolates responded to treatment with CD-ITRA; however, there was no clear correlation between the MIC of ITRA and response to therapy. In conclusion, CD-ITRA was well tolerated and efficacious for the treatment of OPC in HIV-infected pediatric patients. Pharmacodynamic modeling revealed significant correlations between plasma drug concentrations and antifungal efficacy. Based on this documented safety and efficacy, a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg BID can be recommended for the treatment of OPC in pediatric patients > or =5 years old.
The Effect of Contact Pressure and Test-Foot Sliding on Slip Resistance: Experimental Results (1996)

Abstract Since the inception of interest in friction, the effect, if any, of contact pressure has been investigated. DaVinci, Amontons, and Coulomb, three early investigators, found no effect. The development of interest in walkway safety tribometry, the measurement of friction at the shoe-bottom/walking-surface interface, suggests a reassessment of the applicability of Amontons-Coulomb because the shoe bottom is resilient and because the interface between the shoe bottom and the walkway surface is frequently contaminated, for example, with a liquid such as water. In any such reassessment, the relationship between contact pressure and the friction coefficient becomes worthy of attention. Contact pressures in normal walking can vary upwards from a few psi to over a thousand psi (heelstrike in high-heeled shoes). This paper will explore the historical background and experimental research in the literature and present the results of our experiments which explore the relationships between contact pressure and friction. The effect on friction of test-foot sliding is experimentally analyzed. The relationship between the tribological results presented here and real-world walkway safety are discussed. The effect of test-foot polishing is analyzed. Future areas of investigation are discussed.
A case study of behavior-driven conjoint analysis on Yahoo! (2009)

Conjoint analysis is one of the most popular market research methodologies for assessing how customers with heterogeneous preferences appraise various objective characteristics in products or services, which provides critical inputs for many marketing decisions, e.g. optimal design of new products and target market selection. Nowadays it becomes practical in e-commercial applications to collect millions of samples quickly. However, the large-scale data sets make traditional conjoint analysis coupled with sophisticated Monte Carlo simulation for parameter estimation computationally prohibitive. In this paper, we report a successful large-scale case study of conjoint analysis on click through stream in a real-world application at Yahoo!. We consider identifying users' heterogenous preferences from millions of click/view events and building predictive models to classify new users into segments of distinct behavior pattern. A scalable conjoint analysis technique, known as tensor segmentation, is developed by utilizing logistic tensor regression in standard partworth framework for solutions. In offline analysis on the samples collected from a random bucket of Yahoo! Front Page Today Module, we compare tensor segmentation against other segmentation schemes using demographic information, and study user preferences on article content within tensor segments. Our knowledge acquired in the segmentation results also provides assistance to editors in content management and user targeting. The usefulness of our approach is further verified by the observations in a bucket test launched in Dec. 2008.
Photonic band structure: The face-centered-cubic case employing nonspherical atoms (1991)

We introduce a practical, new, face-centered-cubic dielectric structure which simultaneously solves two of the outstanding problems in photonic band structure. In this new ``photonic crystal'' the atoms are nonspherical, lifting the degeneracy at the W point of the Brillouin zone, and permitting a full photonic band gap rather than a pseudogap. Furthermore, this fully three-dimensional fcc structure lends itself readily to microfabrication on the scale of optical wavelengths. It is created by simply drilling three sets of holes 35.26\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} off vertical into the top surface of a solid slab or wafer, as can be done, for example, by chemical-beam-assisted ion etching.
Impact of the TiN barrier layer on the positive bias temperature instabilities of high-<i>k</i>/metal-gate field effect transistors (2015)

This study examined the impact of positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) on n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (n-MOSFET) with TiN barrier layer sandwiched between metal gate electrode and HfO2 dielectric. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that the diffusion mechanism of oxygen and nitrogen as a result of the post metallization treatment was the root cause of the PBTI. In this mechanism, the oxygen during the post metallization annealing (PMA) was diffused into TiN layer and replaced the nitrogen in the TiN layer. Subsequently, these replaced nitrogens were diffused into the HfO2, from which these replaced nitrogen atoms were used to passivate the defects in the HfO2. Results show that by increasing the thickness of TiN barrier layer, the driving current and the PBTI of n-MOSFET can be greatly improved. The larger the thickness of the TiN layer is, the better the PBTI reliability becomes.
Of mice and men: experimental autoimmune encephalitis and multiple sclerosis (2011)

Future research should critically appraise precisely what is being modelled by EAE before drawing conclusions about human disease.
The application of a deterministic ray launching algorithm for the prediction of radio channel characteristics in small-cell environments (1994)

Propagation characteristics play a fundamental role in the design and implementation of radio systems. The application of broadband digital data services within the cordless environment requires close consideration of the dispersive nature of radio channels. A prediction algorithm is presented such that propagation characteristics can be estimated for small-cell high-data-rate systems. Through the use of geometric optics and geometric theory of diffraction the algorithm performs ray launching techniques in order to evaluate reflected, transmitted, and diffracted rays from a simplified description of a given environment. Both modeled and measured results are presented demonstrating the model's ability to predict typical rms delay spread values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Increases Myocardial Glucose Uptake via p38α MAP Kinase–Mediated, Nitric Oxide–Dependent Mechanisms in Conscious Dogs With Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2010)

GLP-1 stimulates myocardial glucose uptake through a non-Akt-1-dependent mechanism by activating cellular pathways that have been identified in mediating chronic hibernation and the late phase of ischemic preconditioning.
Energy efficient multi-function home gateway in always-on home environment (2010)

To provide digital home services without their suspension or any user's waiting, HG(Home Gateway) is to be always in operating state because these home services can be started at any time, by any device and from any network (external or internal home network). Furthermore, some home network devices including HG are required to be ready to operate at any time in digital home environment. We call this characterized digital home network devices as 'Always-On' home network devices. The characteristic of always-on in home network environment gives rise to consuming more electrical power to activate these home network devices. In this paper, we propose a novel power control scheme to reduce effectively the power consumed by a HG. The proposed HG is composed of several function blocks which are controlled with separated power. In the proposed HG, we can power down all function blocks except for NPA(Network Protocol Agent) to maintain network connectivity and to monitor any service interrupt from any interior and exterior environments. With the proposed scheme, we can reduce the power consumed excessively by HG characterized with 'Always-On'.