gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable polymers based on renewable resources: Polyesters composed of 1,4 : 3,6‐dianhydrohexitol and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units (1996)

A series of polyesters was synthesized by the bulk polycondensations of the respective combinations of three stereoisomeric 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydrohexitols [1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol (1), 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol (2), and 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-L-iditol (3)] with succinyl dichloride (4a), glutaryl dichloride (4b), adipoyl dichloride (4c), and sebacoyl dichloride (4d). Biodegradability of these polyesters was investigated by three different methods, i.e., degradation in an activated sludge, soil burial degradation, and enzymatic degradation. Although polyesters (7b–7d) based on 3 and polyester 6a derived from 2 and 4a were crystalline and scarcely biodegraded, all the other amorphous polyesters were more or less biodegradable. Biodegradability of the polyesters was found to vary significantly depending on their molecular structures. Soil burial degradation of polyesters in the soil that was treated with antibiotics, together with electron scanning microscopic observation, showed that polyesters 5b and 5c prepared from 1 and 4b or 4c were degraded by both bacteria and filamentous fungi, whereas polyester 5d from 1 and 4d was degraded primarily by filamentous fungi. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften optisch aktiver, tertiärer Phosphine (1964)

Abstract
The Effect of Run Time on the Inter-Unit Uniformity of Aqueous Film Coating Applied to Glass Beads in a Hi-Coater (1995)

Coating experiments were conducted to assess the inter-unit uniformity using individual weight gains of glass beads. Applying more aqueous film coating and prolonging the film-coating process by diluting the coating suspension did improve the coating variability among glass beads. It appears that run time is an important underlying factor which affecting the inter-unit coating uniformity.
Phoria, Vergence, and Fixation Disparity in Oculomotor Problems Printed in U.S.A (1977)

Measures of horizontal phoria, vergence, and fixation disparity were obtained for 2 samples: 28 optometry students without symptoms and 32 orthoptic patients with symptoms associated with binocular oculomotor difficulties. Discriminant analysis was used to determine which tests or group of tests best discriminated between the 2 samples. Analysis was done for both samples and for exophoric and esophoric subsamples. Sheard's criterion was the best discriminator for the exophoric group, and amount of heterophoria was the best discriminator for the esophoric group. Fixation disparity was the next best discriminator for both groups.
Web-based access to distributed high-performance geographic information systems for decision support (2003)

A number of applications that use GIS for decision support can potentially be enhanced by the use of high-performance computers, broadband networks and mass data stores. We describe our efforts in integrating together these powerful resources to provide useful services to Web-based clients for applications including environmental analysis for agricultural planning and land management; analysis of satellite and photo-reconnaissance images for national defence; and emergency services planning and response. Many decision support applications that manipulate spatial data involve operations on very large data sets internally, which may require the use of high-performance compute servers, but carry out data reduction operations to provide summarised information to the end user. We have investigated the consequences of connecting high-performance resources together with broadband networks, but providing user access at the modest network capabilities or a modem link via the World Wide Web. A range of technologies exist to manipulate spatial data and to integrate modules together. We focus on Web, Java and CORBA technologies and discuss the issues we have encountered in implementing prototype distributed geographic information systems incorporating "active" digital libraries, which provide remote data processing as well as remote data access.
Phase behavior and viscoelastic properties of entangled block copolymer gels (2001)

Abstract Triblock copolymers in midblock‐selective solvents can form physical gels. However, at low triblock contents (near the percolation threshold), the bridging of chains between micelles can lead to macrophase separation. Adding a styrene–isoprene diblock to a styrene–isoprene–styrene triblock copolymer in squalane can eliminate macrophase separation, yielding a wide range of stable, single‐phase gels with a disordered arrangement of micelles. The plateau modulus of these triblock gels scales with the 2.2 power of polymer content, indicating the importance of entanglements in dictating the modulus. Comparing gels made from the midblock‐saturated derivative of the same polymer [styrene‐(ethylene‐ alt ‐propylene)‐styrene] in squalane reveals that the modulus differences in the gels are a direct consequence of the difference in the entanglement molecular weight of the midblock homopolymer in bulk. Finally, the broad relaxation spectrum of these triblocks is well‐described by a recent theory for the dynamics of entangled star polymers, with the breadth of the relaxation spectrum dictated by the number of entanglements per midblock in the gel. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2183–2197, 2001
Complementarity as a way of life (1971)

One of the most memorable lectures I have ever heard was given by Dr C R Burch. Starting at twenty to eight one evening he held us until nearly one o'clock in the morning; and the thesis with which he so enthralled us was the broadening effect of specialization.
Kinetics of Catechin-acetaldehyde Condensation Reaction (2013)

The kinetics of(+)-catechin-acetaldehyde condensation reaction in a wine simulation model was invesitgated by RP-HPLC-ELSD analysis in this study.The results demonstrated that the reaction followed a first-order kinetic law under the experimental conditions.Temperature had a significant influence on the reaction rate.The relationship between temperature and reaction rate obeyed the Arrhenius equation and the activation energy of the condensation reaction was 36.16 kJ/mol.
Exemplary Teaching and Exemplary Teachers: A Prologue (1993)

Suzanne F. Davis brings a wide background in both teaching and administration to her role as guest editor of the Reading Horizons themed issue on exemplary teaching and exemplary teachers.
Efficient Conditioning of 3D Fine-Scale Reservoir Model To Multiphase Production Data Using Streamline-Based Coarse-Scale Inversion and Geostatistical Downscaling (1999)

Abstract In addition to seismic and well constraints, production data must be integrated into geostatistical reservoir models for reliable reservoir performance predictions. An iterative inversion algorithm is required for such integration and is usually computationally intensive since forward flow simulation must be performed at each iteration. This paper presents an efficient approach for generating fine-scale three dimensional (3D) reservoir models that are conditioned to multiphase production data by combining a recently developed streamline-based inversion technique with a geostatistical downscaling algorithm. Production data can not reveal fine scale details of reservoir heterogeneity. By solving the streamline pressure solution at a coarse scale consistent with the production data we are able to invert numerous geostatistical realizations. Additionally, the streamline method allows fine resolution along the 1D streamlines independent of the coarse grid pressure solution so we do not need to explicitly address multiphase scale-up. Multiple geostatistical fine scale models are up-scaled to a coarse scale used in the inversion process. After inversion, the models are each geostatistically downscaled to multiple fine scale realizations. These fine scale models are now preconditioned to the production data and can be up-scaled to any scale for final flow simulation. A 3D extension of the prior 2D sequential-self calibration method (SSC) is developed for the inversion step. This method updates the coarse models to match production data while preserving as much of geostatistical constraint as possible. A new geostatistical algorithm is developed for the downscaling step. We use Sequential Gaussian Simulation with either block kriging or Bayesian updating to "downscale" the history-matched coarse scale models to fine-scale models honoring fine-scale spatial statistics. Combining these two developments we are able to efficiently generate multiple fine scale geostatistical models constrained to well and production data.
Radioimmunoassay for pregnancy-associated plasma protein A. (1982)

A specific and highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for determination of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in human serum is described. The minimum detection limit for this protein was 2.9 micrograms/L. The within- and between-assay coefficients of variation were 4.0 and 4.5%, respectively. The circulating protein was detected within 32 days of conception in eight normal pregnancies and within 21 days in a twin pregnancy. Circulating concentrations in the mother at term were consistently higher (10-fold) than in matched amniotic fluid; none was detected in the umbilical circulation. This protein was also detected in the circulation of patients with hydatiform mole. This assay will permit investigations into the clinical evaluation of measurements of the protein during early pregnancy and trophoblastic disease.
Case 8-2011 (2011)

A 32-year-old woman had seizures since childhood, myoclonus, and recent cognitive decline. Family members had an autosomal-dominant pattern of neurologic disease. Diagnostic testing was performed. Cognitive decline continued; the patient died 2 years later. An autopsy was performed.
Dissipative production of controllable steady-state entanglement of two superconducting qubits in separated resonators (2015)

We propose an efficient method for dissipative preparation of controllable steady-state entanglement of two superconducting qubits coupled to spatially separated transmission line resonators, which are linked by an additional superconducting qubit acting as a tunable coupler. The quantum-state production process is based on a form of reservoir engineering, i.e., the dissipation of the coupler is utilized to steer the system into the desired state at stationary state. The distinct feature of our scheme is that neither initial state preparation nor unitary dynamics are required. These make the present protocol more feasible in the experimental implementation.
Inactivation of Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II by Ca2+/Calmodulin1 (1994)

Incubation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II with Ca2+ and calmodulin resulted in a marked inactivation of the enzyme. Chelation of Ca2+ by EGTA or addition of calmodulin antagonists, W-7 or trifluoperazine, completely blocked this inactivation. The concentration required for the half-maximal inactivation, 127 microM, is three to four orders of magnitude higher than that for the half-maximal activation of the enzyme. The Ca2+/calmodulin-independent activity of the proteolytic fragment of the enzyme, whose calmodulin-binding site involved in the enzyme activation was deleted, was also decreased by incubation with Ca2+ and calmodulin. These results suggest that calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II possesses a second, low-affinity calmodulin-binding site, which is distinct from the calmodulin-binding site involved in the activation of the enzyme, and that the binding of calmodulin to the second binding site causes the inactivation of the enzyme. The inactivation by Ca2+/calmodulin was temperature-dependent. The addition of both 500 microM ADP and 10 mM MgCl2 markedly protected the enzyme against the inactivation, while such a marked protection was not observed after the addition of either of the two alone. The addition of 5 microM autocamtide-2, a synthetic substrate peptide containing the amino acid sequence of the autophosphorylation site (Thr286/Thr287 in alpha/beta, gamma, and delta isoforms) lying within the autoinhibitory domain, also protected the enzyme against the inactivation by Ca2+/calmodulin, while syntide-2, another synthetic substrate peptide corresponding to a phosphorylation site of glycogen synthase, did not protect it even at a concentration as high as 304 microM.
Structure of a protein superfiber: spider dragline silk. (1990)

Spider major ampullate (dragline) silk is an extracellular fibrous protein with unique characteristics of strength and elasticity. The silk fiber has been proposed to consist of pseudocrystalline regions of antiparallel beta-sheet interspersed with elastic amorphous segments. The repetitive sequence of a fibroin protein from major ampullate silk of the spider Nephila clavipes was determined from a partial cDNA clone. The repeating unit is a maximum of 34 amino acids long and is not rigidly conserved. The repeat unit is composed of three different segments: (i) a 6 amino acid segment that is conserved in sequence but has deletions of 3 or 6 amino acids in many of the repeats; (ii) a 13 amino acid segment dominated by a polyalanine sequence of 5-7 residues; (iii) a 15 amino acid, highly conserved segment. The latter is predominantly a Gly-Gly-Xaa repeat with Xaa being alanine, tyrosine, leucine, or glutamine. The codon usage for this DNA is highly selective, avoiding the use of cytosine or guanine in the third position. A model for the physical properties of fiber formation, strength, and elasticity, based on this repetitive protein sequence, is presented.
Surface characterization and platelet compatibility evaluation of surface-sulfonated chitosan membrane (2001)

The effect of various sulfonated derivatives of chitosan on platelet activation and blood coagulation was examined. The surface properties of artificial biomaterials have been thought as the key factors which mediate the interactions between the biological environment and biomaterial itself. In this study, the sulfonation was directly performed on the chitosan membrane surface. The chitosan membrane was surface-sulfonated by reactions with sulfur-pyridine trioxide complex (SO3/pyridine) in H2O solution and N,N-sulfur-dimethylformamide trioxide complex (SO3/DMF) in DMF. Blood compatibility was evaluated by an in vitro platelet adhesion assay. The surface reaction of SO3/pyridine in aqueous acid medium yields N,O-sulfated chitosan with cationic NH3+ groups. After neutralization, this surface has been shown to induce a low degree of platelet adhesion and activation. When the surface-sulfonation is performed in an aqueous alkaline medium, although the degree of sulfonation is lower than the samples above, the N-sulfated chitosan significantly reduced the adhesion and activation of platelets. For the acidic SO3/DMF reaction system, N,O-sulfated chitosan was obtained with a high extent of sulfonation and cationic NH3+ groups. On this surface fully spread platelets and some platelet aggregates were found instead. This may be attributed to the ionic interactions between the platelets membrane surface and the cationic groups on the modified chitosan membrane.
Arms Races, Security Dilemmas and Territorial Disputes in the East and South China Seas 軍備競賽、 安全困境與在東部和南中國海的領土爭端 (2013)

This paper examines current military modernisation trends in Asia, and seeks to explore whether this process of military modernisation could evolve into an arms race in coming years. It explores security dilemmas related to the crises in the South China Sea and East China Sea, and examines how these are promoting a degree of reactive modernisation. It examines the potential role of an information-led Revolution in Military Affairs as a next step in military modernisation, and examines how rapid change in the character and conduct could lead to regional arms racing. It argues that an arms race, emerging from current modernisation, appears increasingly likely. 2014 HERDC submission. 摘要：本文審查當前軍事現代化的趨勢在亞洲，並力求探索是否這軍事現代化的進程在未來幾年可以演變成一場軍備競賽。它探討了安全困境與相關的在中國南海和東海、危機和檢查如何這些都促進了一定程度的無功現代化。審查資訊主導軍事革命下一步的在軍事現代化方面的潛在作用，並就檢查如何迅速變化的特徵和行為可能導致區域軍備競賽。它認為軍備競賽，擺脫當前現代化，出現的可能性越來越大。
GRAMÍNEAS (POACEAE) ORNAMENTALES Y USADAS EN ARTESANÍAS EN COLOMBIA (2010)

A study was conducted on the grasses (Poaceae) used as ornamentals and in handicrafts in Colombia. A total of 134 species belonging to 72 genera were documented as useful; included were 77 native species. Twenty-five species were recorded for the first time for Colombia. Eighteen categories of use were established, of which the more important were outside gardening (85 species), floral arrangements (63), constitution of sods (25), baskets and kitchen utensils (13), and ornaments in religious montages (12). Eleven plant structures were used for decorative purposes or to make handicrafts, of which the complete plant (113 species), inflorescences (63), culms (14), and caryopses (seven) were the most important. The genera with the greatest number of valued species were Paspalum (seven species), Eragrostis (six), Axonopus (five), and Cortaderia (five). The species recorded as being the most used were Gynerium sagittatum (Aubl.) P. Beauv. (11 categories of use), Guadua angustifolia Kunth (10), Arundo donax L. (nine), Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & C. Rivière (seven), Zea mays L. (seven), Aulonemia queko Goudot (six), Saccharum officinarum L. (six), and Calamagrostis effusa (Kunth) Steud. (five). Selected genera and species might be important for the economic development of some Colombian regions. However, further studies are needed to develop strategies for the incorporation and use of other species.
Ultra-wideband for navigation and communications (2002)

Precision coordinated maneuvering of multiple space vehicles would offer significant performance advantages to both commercial and scientific missions by increasing the versatility and potential capabilities of the formation. Ultra-wideband systems can provide centimeter level accuracy ranging measurements over distances of kilometers, using only milliwatts of power from an omni-directional transceiver no bigger than a pager. Using these precise range measurements between the vehicles, it is possible to resolve the relative geometry of the entire formation. The ultra-wideband (UWB) system presented in this work is not RADAR; it is active ranging over a code divisible multiple access (CDMA) communications channel with no carrier frequency. Each transceiver is given a unique pseudo-random noise code, which is broadcast using pulse position modulation (shifting pulses or monocycles forward or backward in time relative to an constant rate pulse train), in a type of call and return scheme to measure time of flight between vehicles. As a byproduct of CDMA encoding, a UWB navigation system could also provide a megabit per second communications channel to each vehicle, providing further savings of power, weight, and cost. A simple ranging experiment has been designed as a proof of concept. The experiment includes bench top equipment for sending and receiving ultrawideband monocycles and post processing algorithms for determining range. To implement the system, it was necessary to design and develop ultra-wideband antennas to efficiently propagate the monocycle pulses with minimal distortion. These antennas were tested in an anechoic chamber constructed for the ranging experiment and data on their characterization is presented in this paper. This paper presents the experimentally derived ranging accuracies and compares them to theoretically derived ranging accuracies for the UWB based measurement. It also provides a characterization of the distortions encountered in the pulse waveform during transmission and reception from our custom antennas. UWB ranging systems offer a robust solution to relative vehicle navigation in a variety of space mission configurations.
Learning Hard Alignments with Variational Inference (2018)

There has recently been significant interest in hard attention models for tasks such as object recognition, visual captioning and speech recognition. Hard attention offers benefits over soft attention such as decreased computational cost, but training hard attention models can be difficult because of the discrete latent variables they introduce. Previous work used REINFORCE to approach these issues, however, it suffers from high-variance gradient estimates, resulting in slow convergence. In this paper, we tackle the problem of learning hard attention for a sequential task using variational inference methods, specifically the recently introduced Variational Inference for Monte Carlo Objectives (VIMCO) and Neural Variational Inference (NVIL). Furthermore, we propose a novel baseline that adapts VIMCO to this setting. We demonstrate our method on a phoneme recognition task in clean and noisy environments and show that our method outperforms REINFORCE, with the difference being greater for a more complicated task.
Modulation of EZH2 Expression by MEK-ERK or PI3K-AKT Signaling in Lung Cancer Is Dictated by Different KRAS Oncogene Mutations (2015)

EZH2 overexpression promotes cancer by increasing histone methylation to silence tumor suppressor genes, but how EZH2 levels become elevated in cancer is not understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which EZH2 expression is regulated in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells by oncogenic KRAS. In cells harboring KRAS(G12C) and KRAS(G12D) mutations, EZH2 expression was modulated by MEK-ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling, respectively. Accordingly, MEK-ERK depletion decreased EZH2 expression in cells harboring the KRAS(G12C) mutation, whereas PI3K/AKT depletion decreased EZH2 expression, EZH2 phosphorylation, and STAT3 activity in KRAS(G12D)-mutant cell lines. Combined inhibition of EZH2 and MEK-ERK or PI3K/AKT increased the sensitivity of cells with specific KRAS mutations to MEK-ERK and PI3K/AKT-targeted therapies. Our work defines EZH2 as a downstream effector of KRAS signaling and offers a rationale for combining EZH2 inhibitory strategies with MEK-ERK- or PI3K/AKT-targeted therapies to treat lung cancer patients, as stratified into distinct treatment groups based on specific KRAS mutations.
An IDDQ BIST approach to characterize phase-locked loop parameters (2013)

In this work, a new IDDQ built-in self-test (BIST) solution is proposed to provide accurate on-chip current measurements for phase-locked loops (PLLs) found in deep-submicron system-on-chip (SoC) products. The proposed method characterizes PLL loop parameters to increase test quality with minimum additional test time and 4.5% accuracy in IBM 65 nm technology. A self-correction mechanism accompanies the proposed BIST to recover performance variations resulting from excessive process variation found in high-volume manufacturing (HVM). The proposed IDDQ BIST circuit's performance is evaluated in silicon using 0.18μm technology and achieves 2% accuracy with only 1.7% additional PLL area overhead. Extensions to other analog mixed signal circuit blocks should be possible.