gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural, Spectroscopic, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties of Copper(II) Complexes with Tripodal Tetraamines (1998)

Spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and kinetic measurements have been made on aqueous solutions of copper(II) complexes of hexamethylated tren and trimethylated tren (one methylation per primary amine group of tren) with the objective of correlating the influence of geometry (trigonal bipyramidal, evident from UV/vis spectroscopy) and N-alkyl substitution in the ligand on these inherent properties. At 25.0 degrees C the protonation constants of Me(3)tren are not significantly different from those of tren and Me(6)tren, and the stability constant for the Cu(II) complex is of the same order of magnitude as that for the [Cu(tren)(H(2)O)](2+) complex ion. The pK(a) for deprotonation of the coordinated water molecule of [Cu(Me(3)tren)(H(2)O)](2+) is intermediate between the values for the complexes containing the unsubstituted and the fully substituted tren ligand. Substitution (pyridine for water) kinetics measurements employing stopped-flow and temperature-jump methods revealed different patterns of reactivity: pyridine replaces water in [Cu(Me(3)tren)(H(2)O)](2+) with a second-order rate constant of (4.4 +/- 0.8) x 10(2) M(-)(1) s(-)(1) at 25.0 degrees C, whereas the corresponding process for [Cu(Me(6)tren)(H(2)O)](2+) is relatively complex and is discussed in more detail. Substitution in the former complex ion is characterized in the forward and reverse directions, by DeltaH() = 60 +/- 8 and 51.9 +/- 0.9 kJ mol(-)(1), DeltaS() = 5 +/- 27 and -23 +/- 3 J mol(-)(1) K(-)(1), and DeltaV() = -8.7 +/- 4.6 and -6.2 +/- 1.1 cm(3) mol(-)(1), respectively. It is concluded that this reaction follows an I(a) mechanism, similar to that reported for the comparable reaction of [Cu(tren)(H(2)O)](2+). An X-ray structural determination on a crystal of [Cu(2)(Me(3)tren)(2)(CN)](ClO(4))(3).2CH(3)CN demonstrated trigonal bipyramidal geometry about each copper(II) center. As has been found in comparable complexes of tren and Me(6)tren, the axial nitrogen to copper bond is shorter than the equatorial nitrogen-copper bonds, and the angle made by N(axial)-Cu-N(equatorial) is less than 90 degrees (84.6-85.4 degrees ), signifying that each copper ion lies below the plane of the equatorial nitrogen atoms.
Hourglass: A library for incremental processing on Hadoop (2013)

Hadoop enables processing of large data sets through its relatively easy-to-use semantics. However, jobs are often written inefficiently for tasks that could be computed incrementally due to the burdensome incremental state management for the programmer. This paper introduces Hourglass, a library for developing incremental monoid computations on Hadoop. It runs on unmodified Hadoop and provides an accumulator-based interface for programmers to store and use state across successive runs; the framework ensures that only the necessary subcomputations are performed. It is successfully used at LinkedIn, one of the largest online social networks, for many use cases in dashboarding and machine learning. Hourglass is open source and freely available.
Problemstellung und Zielsetzung der Arbeit (1993)

Die dramatische Verschlechterung des Zustands der Umwelt seit den Nachkriegsjahren durchdringt heute alle Lebensbereiche. Sie steht in einem engen Zusammenhang mit dem enormen Bevölkerungswachstum vieler Länder, der zunehmenden Bevölkerungszusammenballung in den Städten, dem Wirtschaftswachstum, das mit einem zunehmenden Pro-Kopf-Verbrauch und dem rapiden technischen Fortschritt mit exponentiell wachsenden Möglichkeiten der Umweltbeeinflussung einhergeht sowie politischen und gesellschaftlichen Instabilitäten etc. Globale und krisenhafte Erscheinungen wie der Treibhauseffekt, die Eutrophierung und Verschmutzung von Gewässern, die weltweite Zerstörung der Vegetation durch land- und forstwirtschaftliche Übernutzung, das Waldsterben, aber auch viele lokal oder regional auftretende Umweltbelastungen und ihre Auswirkungen auf den Menschen sind Ausdruck und Folge dieser Entwicklungen.
Properties of an injectable low modulus PMMA bone cement for osteoporotic bone (2008)

The use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement to reinforce fragile or broken vertebral bodies (vertebroplasty) leads to extensive bone stiffening. Fractures in the adjacent vertebrae may be the consequence of this procedure. PMMA with a reduced Young's modulus may be more suitable. The goal of this study was to produce and characterize stiffness adapted PMMA bone cements. Porous PMMA bone cements were produced by combining PMMA with various volume fractions of an aqueous sodium hyaluronate solution. Porosity, Young's modulus, yield strength, polymerization temperature, setting time, viscosity, injectability, and monomer release of those porous cements were investigated. Samples presented pores with diameters in the range of 25-260 microm and porosity up to 56%. Young's modulus and yield strength decreased from 930 to 50 MPa and from 39 to 1.3 MPa between 0 and 56% porosity, respectively. The polymerization temperature decreased from 68 degrees C (0%, regular cement) to 41 degrees C for cement having 30% aqueous fraction. Setting time decreased from 1020 s (0%, regular cement) to 720 s for the 30% composition. Viscosity of the 30% composition (145 Pa s) was higher than the ones received from regular cement and the 45% composition (100-125 Pa s). The monomer release was in the range of 4-10 mg/mL for all porosities; showing no higher release for the porous materials. The generation of pores using an aqueous gel seems to be a promising method to make the PMMA cement more compliant and lower its mechanical properties to values close to those of cancellous bone.
J Wave, QRS Slurring, and ST Elevation in Athletes With Cardiac Arrest in the Absence of Heart Disease (2010)

Background— QRS-ST changes in the inferior and lateral ECG leads are frequently observed in athletes. Recent studies have suggested a potential arrhythmogenic significance of these findings in the general population. The aim of our study was to investigate whether QRS-ST changes are markers of cardiac arrest (CA) of unexplained cause or sudden death in athletes. Methods and Results— In 21 athletes (mean age, 27 years; 5 women) with cardiac arrest or sudden death, the ECG recorded before or immediately after the clinical event was compared with the ECG of 365 healthy athletes eligible for competitive sport activity. We measured the height of the J wave and ST elevation and searched for the presence of QRS slurring in the terminal portion of QRS. QRS slurring in any lead was present in 28.6% of cases and in 7.6% of control athletes ( P =0.006). A J wave and/or QRS slurring without ST elevation in the inferior (II, III, and aVF) and lateral leads (V 4 to V 6 ) were more frequently recorded in cases than in control athletes (28.6% versus 7.9%, P =0.007). Among those with cardiac arrest, arrhythmia recurrences did not differ between the subgroups with and without J wave or QRS slurring during a median 36-month follow-up of sport discontinuation. Conclusions— J wave and/or QRS slurring was found more frequently among athletes with cardiac arrest/sudden death than in control athletes. Nevertheless, the presence of this ECG pattern appears not to confer a higher risk for recurrent malignant ventricular arrhythmias.
Probable metachromatic leukodystrophy/pseudodeficiency compound heterozygote at the arylsulfatase A locus with neurological and psychiatric symptomatology (1988)

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive progressive demyelination disorder caused by the deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ASA). However, there exist individuals with low ASA activity without clinical symptoms. This state is described as ASA pseudodeficiency (PD). A number of patients with low ASA activity and various neuropsychiatric symptoms have been observed. It is controversial to what extent low ASA activity predisposes for neurological and/or psychiatric symptomatology. Therefore, persons with low ASA activity who were collected from a large-scale screening among neuropsychiatric patients and healthy controls are presently being extensively evaluated using biochemical, genetic, and clinical methods. Here we present a female patient, who had been first hospitalized with the diagnosis encephalomyelitis disseminata. Her ASA activity determined in fibroblast extracts is intermediate between adult MLD and PD. Sulfatide degradation in cultured fibroblasts is diminished. The subunit pattern obtained after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting was determined in the index patient and 2 sibs. It is compatible with a compound genotype ASA-/ASAp in the index case. It appears probable that in this patient low ASA activity leads to the accumulation of sulfatide and either causes the appearance of neuropsychiatric symptoms or at least contributes to the demyelination process.
تحلیل انتقادی دیدگاه ملاصدرا دربارۀ «خزائن» در پرتو معناشناسی ساختاری (2018)

AbstractMulla Sadra in presenting his theory about Allah's knowledge of objects has innovative achievement in which he has utilized Quranic application of word KHAZAIN. Because of that, it becomes more important to have a comparative study of KHAZAIN by the use of Quranic conceptualization. The main issue in this article is how much Mulla sadra has paid attention to structural-analytic semantics component? While Mulla sadra utilizes Quranic application of KHAZAIN, he has presented philosophical explaining of both properties and conceptual components. Because Sadra attends Quranic conceptualization significantly (e.g. 'being in Precreation',' preservative', ' boundlessness' and etc. ), we can understand that he has done more than a sheer philosophical interpretation in encountering with this word. we can call this approach: ' exegetical philosophy'.
Optimal Source Codes for Geometrically Distributed Integer Alphabets (1975)

An approach is shown for using the Huffman algorithm indirectly to prove the optimality of a code for an infinite alphabet if an estimate concerning the nature of the code can be made. Attention is given to nonnegative integers with a geometric probability assignment. The particular distribution considered arises in run-length coding and in encoding protocol information in data networks. Questions of redundancy of the optimal code are also investigated.
Omni-directional vision-based parallel-parking control design for car-like mobile robot (2005)

This paper presents an omni-directional vision-based control scheme for the car-like mobile robot (CLMR), which possesses autonomous parking capability. At first, we apply the image processing technique to the omni-directional images to filter out the noise and find the characteristic points of the parking lot. From the image information, one can estimate the position of the CLMR in the parking space and figure out a feasible reference path. Then, we propose a fuzzy logical control to manipulate the steering wheel such that it can execute parallel-parking missions. Finally, the real-time experiment demonstrates the feasibility of the developed schemes.
Reconfigurable Network of Networks for Multi-Scale Computing (2000)

Abstract : The Network of Networks (NoN) model, which is a neurobiologically motivated smart algorithm co-developed by the PI, has been applied for rapid and accurate image processing of forward and side scan sonar images in turbid environments. The model has also been used as a platform for rapid distributed communications for autonomous vehicles. Both of these applications build upon unique features of the NoN for reconfigurable computing across multiple scales of organization, and the approach has direct relevance to several enabling technologies for Future Naval Capabilities.
Analysis of the effects of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors on human hematopoiesis (1993)

Truncated soluble fragments of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors have recently been isolated from human serum and urine. These shed forms of TNF receptors bind TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin and inhibit various effects of TNF in culture. In this study, we evaluated the role of these molecules in the hematopoietic system. TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin inhibited colony forming units granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and burst forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) in a dose-dependent fashion at concentrations ranging from 1 to 5,000 U/ml and 25 to 250 U/ml, respectively. TNF-alpha exerted a similar dose-dependent inhibitory effect on a CD34 enriched marrow cell population, suggesting that its effect is not mediated through CD34 accessory cells. Its suppressive effect was partially reversed by anti-TNF-alpha neutralizing antibodies, thus proving its specificity. Two shed forms of TNF receptors, TNF binding protein (TNF-bp) and TNF receptor fusion protein (TNFR-fc), had no significant effect on CFU-GM proliferation. Both molecules, however, significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of TNF-alpha (p < 0.015 and p < 0.03, respectively), whereas they had no effect on the lymphotoxin-induced CFU-GM growth inhibition. These results indicate that TNF-bp and TNFR-fc may modulate the inhibitory effects of TNF-alpha in the hematopoietic system.
Relative Phase Change of Nearby Resonances in Temporally Delayed Sum Frequency Spectra (2012)

Surface-selective sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy has been previously shown to benefit from a finite time delay between two input laser pulses, which suppresses the nonresonant background and improves spectral resolution. Here we demonstrate another consequence of the time delay in SFG: depending on the magnitude of the delay, nearby resonances (e.g., vibrational modes) can "flip" their relative phase, i.e., appear either in-phase or out-of-phase with one another, resulting in either constructive or destructive interference in SFG spectra. This is significant for interpretation of the SFG spectra, in particular because the sign of the resonant amplitude provides the absolute molecular orientation (up vs down) of the vibrational chromophore. We present results and model calculations for symmetric and asymmetric CH-stretch modes of the methyl-terminated Si(111) surface, showing that the phase flip occurs when the delay matches half-cycle of the difference frequency between the two modes.
A case for three‐dimensional stacking of tightly coupled data memories over multi‐core clusters using low‐latency interconnects (2013)

Shared tightly coupled data memories are key architectural elements for building multi‐core clusters in programmable accelerators and embedded systems, as they provide a convenient shared memory abstraction while avoiding cache coherence overheads. The performance of these memories largely depends on the architecture of the interconnect used between processing elements (PEs) and memory banks. The advent of three‐dimensional (3D) technology has provided new opportunities to increase design modularity and reduce latency and manufacturing cost. In this study, the authors propose two 3D network architectures: C‐logarithmic interconnect (LIN) and Distributed logarithmic interconnect (D‐LIN) (designed in synthesisable RTL), which allow modular stacking of multiple L1 memory dies over a multi‐core cluster with a limited number of PEs. The authors have used two through‐silicon‐via technologies: the state‐of‐the‐art micro‐bumps and the promising and dense Cu–Cu direct bonding. The overhead of electrostatic discharge protection circuits has been considered, as well. Architectural simulation results demonstrate that, in processor‐to‐L1‐memory context, C‐LIN and D‐LIN perform significantly better than traditional network‐on‐chips and simple time‐division multiplexing buses. Furthermore, post‐layout results show that the proposed 3D architectures achieve comparable speed against their 2D counterparts, whereas enabling modularity: from 256 kB to 2 MB L1 memory configurations with a single mask set.
Compiler assisted dynamic management of registers for network processors (2006)

Modern network processors support high levels of parallelism in packet processing by supporting multiple threads that execute on a micro-engine. Threads switch context upon encountering long latency memory accesses and this way the parallelism and memory access can be overlapped. Context switches in the typical network processor architectures such as the IXP are designed to be very fast. However, the low overhead is partly achieved by leaving register management to programs, with minimal support from the hardware. The complexity of the multi-engine, multi-threaded environment makes manual register management a daunting task, which is better left to a compiler. However, a purely static analysis is unable to achieve full utilization of the register file due to conservative estimates of liveness. A register that is live across a context switch point must be considered live for the duration of all other threads, and so it must be assumed to be unavailable to other threads. In addition, aliasing further reduces the effectiveness of static analysis. The net effect is a large number of idle cycles that are still present after static optimization. We propose a dynamic solution that requires minimal software and hardware support. On the software side, we take a pre-allocated binary file and annotate the potential context switch instructions with information about the dead registers. On the hardware side, we try to rename the transfer registers and addresses to dead general purpose registers and update the usage of registers. We then replace the long-latency memory instructions with fast move instructions in the architecture using the dynamic context. The results show up to 51% reduction in idle cycles and up to H% increase in the throughput for hand coded applications on Intel IXP 1200 network processor.
N‐linked glycosylation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26): Effects on enzyme activity, homodimer formation, and adenosine deaminase binding (2003)

The type II transmembrane serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), also known as CD26 or adenosine deaminase binding protein, is a major regulator of various physiological processes, including immune, inflammatory, nervous, and endocrine functions. It has been generally accepted that glycosylation of DPPIV and of other transmembrane dipeptidyl peptidases is a prerequisite for enzyme activity and correct protein folding. Crystallographic studies on DPPIV reveal clear N-linked glycosylation of nine Asn residues in DPPIV. However, the importance of each glycosylation site on physiologically relevant reactions such as dipeptide cleavage, dimer formation, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) binding remains obscure. Individual Asn-->Ala point mutants were introduced at the nine glycosylation sites in the extracellular domain of DPPIV (residues 39-766). Crystallographic and biochemical data demonstrate that N-linked glycosylation of DPPIV does not contribute significantly to its peptidase activity. The kinetic parameters of dipeptidyl peptidase cleavage of wild-type DPPIV and the N-glycosylation site mutants were determined by using Ala-Pro-AFC and Gly-Pro-pNA as substrates and varied by <50%. DPPIV is active as a homodimer. Size-exclusion chromatographic analysis showed that the glycosylation site mutants do not affect dimerization. ADA binds to the highly glycosylated beta-propeller domain of DPPIV, but the impact of glycosylation on binding had not previously been determined. Our studies indicate that glycosylation of DPPIV is not required for ADA binding. Taken together, these data indicate that in contrast to the generally accepted view, glycosylation of DPPIV is not a prerequisite for catalysis, dimerization, or ADA binding.
MRE‐based bayesian inversion of seismic and EM data for identification of reservoir parameters (2005)

A stochastic joint inversion approach for estimating reservoir fluid saturations and porosity is proposed. The approach couples seismic amplitude versus angle (AVA) and marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) forward models into a Bayesian formalism, which allows for integration between complementary information. To obtain minimally subjective prior probabilities required for the Bayesian approach, the principle of Minimum Relative Entropy (MRE) is employed. Instead of single‐valued estimate provided by deterministic methods, the approach gives a probability distribution for any unknown parameter of interest, such as reservoir fluid saturations or porosity at different locations. The distributions means, modes, and confidence intervals can be calculated, providing a more complete understanding of the uncertainty in the parameter estimates. The approach is tested using two case studies: one is a synthetic case, and the other uses data from the North Sea Troll field. Results show that joint inversion using seismic and EM data gives better estimates of reservoir parameters than estimates from either geophysical data set used in isolation.
Application of Spatial Filtering Subtraction to Thin Film and Integrated Circuit Mask Inspection (1973)

Studies have been performed to investigate the application of spatial filtering subtraction to mask inspection. By using a grating at the spatial frequency plane, images can be subtracted to give a display of errors on a black background. Results indicate that this technique could have application for integrated circuit and thin film mask inspection provided there are two or more repeated patterns on the mask.
Scoring Children's Foreign Language Pronunciation (2005)

Automatic speech recognition measures have been investigated as scores of segmental pronunciation quality. In an experiment, contextindependent hidden Markov phone models were trained on native English and Swedish read child speech respectively. Among various studied scores, a likelihood ratio between the scores of forced alignment using English phoneme models and the score of English or Swedish phoneme recognition had the highest correlations to human judgments. The best measures have the power of evaluating the coarse proficiency level of a child but need to be improved for detailed diagnostics of individual utterances and phonemes.
Exogenous PDGF-D Is a Potent Mesangial Cell Mitogen and Causes a Severe Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulopathy (2004)

The PDGF family consists of at least four members, PDGF-A, -B, -C, and -D. All of the PDGF isoforms bind and signal through two known receptors, PDGF receptor-alpha and PDGF receptor-beta, which are constitutively expressed in the kidney and are upregulated in specific diseases. It is well established that PDGF-B plays a pivotal role in the mediation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation. However, little is known of the roles of the recently discovered PDGF-C and -D in mediating renal injury. In this study, adenovirus constructs encoding PDGF-B, -C, and -D were injected into mice. Mice with high circulating levels of PDGF-D developed a severe mesangial proliferative glomerulopathy, characterized by enlarged glomeruli and a striking increase in glomerular cellularity. The PDGF-B-overexpressing mice had a milder proliferative glomerulopathy, whereas the mice overexpressing PDGF-C and those that received adenovirus alone showed no measurable response. Mitogenicity of PDGF-D and -B for mesangial cells was confirmed in vitro. These findings emphasize the importance of engagement of PDGF receptor-beta in transducing mesangial cell proliferation and demonstrate that PDGF-D is a major mediator of mesangial cell proliferation. Finally, this approach has resulted in a unique and potentially valuable model of mesangial proliferative glomerulopathy and its resolution.