gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shaping Emission Spectra of Fluorescent Molecules with Single Plasmonic Nanoresonators (2008)

We show that plasmonic nanoresonators composed of two gold nanoparticles change not only the intensity but also the spectral shape of the emission of fluorescent molecules. The plasmonic resonance frequency can be tuned by varying the distance between the nanoparticles, which allows us to selectively favor transitions of a fluorescent molecule to a specific vibrational ground state. Experimental data from correlated scattering and fluorescence microscopy agree well with calculations in the framework of generalized Mie theory. Our results show that the widely used description of a dye molecule near a metal surface as a mere two-level system is inadequate.
Ef .cient content location in wireless ad hoc networks (2004)

The advances in wireless networking have enabled new paradigms in computing. An abundance of information and services provided by remote servers is expected to become available to wireless users. A fundamental issue in this environment is efficiently locating needed content. Such content may be in the form of files, services, or any other kind of data. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for efficient content location in location-aware ad hoc networks. The Geography-based Content Location Protocol (GCLP) makes use of physical location information to lower proactive traffic while reducing query cost. The results of our analysis show that GCLP performs favorably in terms of overhead and scalability.
Measurements of acute cerebral infarction: lesion size by computed tomography. (1989)

As part of a prospective therapy study of 65 patients with acute, nonhemorrhagic, cerebral infarction, computed tomographic scans of the head were obtained at admission, 7-10 days, and 3 months. The scans were analyzed for the presence, site, size, and volume measurement of the infarction. At 7-10 days, the mean infarction volume as measured by computed tomography was 55 cm3 or about 4 x 4 x 3.5 cm (range = 0-507 cm3). At 3 months, the mean infarction volume decreased by 25% to 41 cm3. For the 26 scans showing infarction at the time of admission, the mean lesion volume was 33 cm3 at admission, 51 cm3 at 7-10 days, and 49 cm3 at 3 months. With lesion size at 7-10 days expressed as percentage of total brain volume, the mean infarction size was only 5%. Of the 49 patients with lesions revealed by computed tomography at 7-10 days, 20 had an infarction of 1% or less of total brain volume, while only six had an infarction of 20% or more of total brain volume. The lesion volumes as measured by the 7-10-day computed tomography correlated with the neurologic examination scores on admission (Spearman's rank-order correlation = 0.78) and with the scores at 1 week (Spearman's rank-order correlation = 0.79).
The Cu-Bi-S system: results from low-temperature experiments (1994)

Abstract Low-temperature experiments in the ‘dry’ ternary Cu-Bi-S system, conducted by using sulphidation methods down to 120°C produced a new metastable solid solution series Cu 10 Bi 2 S 13 -Cu 5 Bi 2 S 8 at 178°C coexisting with CuS. This transformed slowly at 190–200°C to an assemblage of either CuS-(Cu,Bi) 8 S 9 or CuS-Bi 2 S 3 or both, depending on available sulphur. Sulphidation experiments on Cu 3 BiS 3 similarly revealed a solid solution range for the phase (Cu,Bi) 8 S 9 of up to Cu/Bi = 3/2 at 178–190°C, and a lower stability limit of 138°C Isothermal sections of the system were constructed at 200 and 300°C, based on the new information collected but excluding the metastable series.
Mainframes as high volume TP servers for the Web (1997)

This paper describes recent advances in the usability and access to legacy mainframe data by utilizing Internet technology in a secure high volume transaction processing environment. We describe a working example of mainframes as a key component in a high performance three-tier networked architecture. In this architecture, Mainframes and Transaction Processing (TP) software provide a back-end, high performance transaction server for a Web site (mid-level server). The mid-level server processes and transforms the transactional data from the mainframe server into HTML pages that can then be used by a Client Web browser. The mainframe system may be used-to process update transactions as well as queries. This technology transforms the mainframe and terminal-based TP forms environment into a modern graphically rich environment that will finally deliver the promised rewards of Client Server technology. It is significant because of the large number of Government, Corporate and Aerospace databases and TP applications that now can be put to use serving a much wider community of users than was envisioned when the systems were developed. The paper describes the hardware and software components of the three-level architecture as well as an actual implementation of this technology by Groupe Bull in the development, laboratories in Phoenix. The work completed demonstrates how Web-enabling and minor face-lifting significantly increases the ease of access to and usability of legacy data.
Toxins from Mamba Venoms that Facilitate Neuroiluscular Transmission (1984)

AbstractVenoms from the four species of African mambas have many neurotoxins that are different from other snake neurotoxins. Postjunctional α-neurotoxins, which bind to nicotinic cholinoceptors, appear to be the only type of toxin that mambas have in common with other snakes with neurotoxic venoms. Typical mamba neurotoxins are prejunctional facilitatory toxins and anticholinesterase toxins or fasciculins.The prejunctional facilitatory toxins enhance the amount of transmitter that is released in response to nerve stimulation. This activity was first demonstrated with dendrotoxin (from Dendroaspis anqusticeps) at the neuromuscular junction, but it can also be observed in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system and in the central nervous system. These facilitatory neurotoxins have 57-60 amino acids in a single polypeptide chain cross-linked by three disulphide bonds. They are structurally homologous to the Kunitz type protease inhibitors such as bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.The anticholinesterase toxins are specific and powerful in inhibitors (Ki of about 10−10 M) of acetylcholinesterase from several sources (human erythrocytes, rat brain and muscle, eel electroplax) but they have no effect on acetylcholinesterase from cobra venom or chick brain and muscle. The first two of these inhibitors (from Dendroaspis angusticeps) were called fasciculins because of the long-lasting muscle fasciculations that they produced in mice. Fasciculins have 61 amino acids and four disulphides and show sequence homology with the postjunctional short neurotoxins.Synergistic interactions between components are characteristic of mamba venoms. One of these components is always a member of the so-called "angusticeps-type" toxins (short neurotoxin homologues of 58-60 amino acids and four disulphides). These toxins are divided into four subgroups, the anticholinesterases constituting subgroup I. Angusticeps-type toxins interact with facilitatory toxins or with so-called "synergistic-type" proteins (toxins of two subunits, each with 62-63 amino acids and joined together by disulphide bonds). The pharmacology of these interactions is not known, only data on the increased lethality of the synergistic mixtures is available.
Three-Dimensional Image (2009)

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Analysis of a high-voltage-gain hybrid switched-capacitor buck converter (2011)

This paper presents an analysis on the effect of having different number of capacitors n in the first-stage switched-capacitor circuit of an improved hybrid switched-capacitor buck converter for high-voltage-gain conversion. Various aspects of the topology, operation, and efficiency are investigated. It is shown that a higher n in the step-down capacitor stage does not necessarily lead to an overall improved power efficiency.
Optimal image segmentation by error diffusion (1997)

We propose a general approach to forming effective image decompositions for image compression. This is achieved by diffusing the error evenly over the image surface. Our approach can be applied to any compression method which splits the image hierarchically into non-overlapping regions. It is efficient, achieving near optimal decomposition in a single pass. A list of image regions sorted in order of squared error is maintained, and at each step the region at the head of the list is split until a compression or distortion target is eventually met. The approach is illustrated for quadtree decomposition and the rate-distortion curves are produced to demonstrate it superior performance over an alternative, threshold based image segmentation method.
High performance epoxy‐layered silicate nanocomposites (2002)

Abstract High performance epoxy‐layered silicate nanocomposites based on tetra‐glycidyl4,4'‐diamino‐dipheny1 methane (TGDDM) resin cured with 4,4'‐diaminodipheny1 sulfone (DDS) have been successfully synthesized. Fluorohectorites modified by means of interlayer cation exchange of sodium cations for protonated dihydro‐imidazolines and octadecylamine were used. Fluorohectorite exchanged with 1‐methy12‐norsteary1‐3‐stearinoacid‐amidoethy1‐dihydro‐imidazolinium ions was immiscible with the epoxy matrix. In contrast, fluorohectorites exchanged with hydroxyethy1‐dihydro‐imidazolinium (HEODI) and riciny1‐dihydro‐imidazolinium ions (RDI) favored the formation of a nanocomposite structure. This is most likely due to the presence of ‐OH groups in their molecular structure, which has a catalytic effect on the polymerization occurring between the silicate layers. The diffusion of epoxy and curing agent molecules between the silicate layers is also promoted. Microscopy observations revealed that the dispersion of the silicate aggregates on a microscale was proportional to the degree of separation of the silicate layers on a nanoscale. Decreased apparent glass transition temperature was observed in all the nanocomposites. Finally, mechanical property studies showed that epoxy‐layered silicate nanocomposite formation could simultaneously improve fracture toughness and Young's modulus, without adversely affecting tensile strength.
Farnesylation of Cenp-F is required for G2/M progression and degradation after mitosis (2002)

Farnesyl transferase inhibitors induce G2/M cell cycle delays that cannot be explained by inhibition of the Ras GTPase. Recently, the kinetochore protein Cenp-F has been shown to be farnesylated. Here, we show that ectopic expression of the kinetochore targeting domain of Cenp-F delays progression through G2/M. Significantly, this is dependent on the CAAX farnesylation motif. We also show that localisation of Cenp-F to the nuclear envelope at G2/M and kinetochores in prometaphase is dependent both on its CAAX motif and farnesyl transferase activity. Strikingly, farnesyl transferase activity is also required for Cenp-F degradation after mitosis. Thus, these observations suggest that farnesylation of Cenp-F is required not only for its localisation to the nuclear envelope and kinetochores but also for timely progression through G2/M and its degradation after mitosis. In addition, these observations raise the possibility that the anti-proliferative effects induced by farnesyl transferase inhibitors may be due to inhibition of Cenp-F function and/or turnover.
Cytotoxicity of paclitaxel in combination with cisplatin and a new Pt-mercaptopyridine complex. (2003)

In vitro synergy has been reported for exposure to paclitaxel prior to cis-platin (cis-DDP), whereas the reverse sequence resulted in antagonism. There is no clear evidence for an intracellular origin of the schedule-dependent interaction, but several hypotheses have been proposed, such as effects at the level of DNA crosslinks, or binding to tubulin sites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these two drugs as single agents, in combination and in sequence, against a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (LoVo). Moreover, we considered the new Pt-mercaptopyridine complex C/2, was like cis-platin in being able to alter DNA conformation. We have therefore studied the cytotoxic effects after single agent exposure, concomitant exposure (paclitaxel + cis-platin and paclitaxel + C/2) and sequential drugs exposure (paclitaxel-->cis-platin and cis-platin-->paclitaxel or paclitaxel-->C/2 and C/2-->paclitaxel). Our results demonstrate that the most cytotoxic effect is induced by paclitaxel and C/2 exposure both in the case of concomitant cell treatment and sequential exposure paclitaxel-->C/2.
Robust Detection and Estimation for Logging While Drilling Monopole Acoustic Data (2015)

In this paper, we present methods and strategies for robust detection and slowness estimation of weak compressional (P) and shear (S) waves in borehole sonic logging in noisy environments such as while logging while drilling, by proposing methods for enhancing the semblance used in the slowness time coherence method used in the logging. In this direction our contributions are two fold. First, we propose a novel class of shrinkage estimators in the discrete Radon transform domain derived from data semblance, for waveform de-noising to combat random additive noise and reflections. In this context we also identify necessary and sufficient conditions for the optimality of the proposed estimator. Our second contribution lies in developing a novel method to cancel energy propagating at the slowness of borehole modes, chiefly Stoneley, and to a lesser extent, shear, that significantly lowers the semblance of the weaker head wave arrivals. This approach is based on representing the data using time-frequency compact space-time propagators. Finally, we present an algorithm that combines the space time shrinkage in the discrete Radon transform domain and the proposed interference cancelation strategies for enhanced compressional and shear detection via semblance processing. The algorithm is validated on synthetic data and demonstrated to enhance performance on real logging while drilling field data sets.
Treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) with Hypericum Extract (1997)

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a subgroup of major depression and characterized by a regular occurrence of symptoms in autumn/winter and full remission or hypomania in spring/summer. Light therapy (LT) and recently pharmacotherapy with specific antidepressants have been shown to be beneficial. Within the array of pharmacotherapy hypericum extract has also been found to be effective in a single-blind study (Martinez et al., 1994). In this 4 weeks treatment study 900 mg of hypericum was associated with a significant reduction in the total score of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. There was no significant difference when bright light therapy was combined with hypericum, compared to the situation without bright light therapy. Overall, hypericum was well tolerated and therefore the data suggest that pharmacological treatment with hypericum may be an efficient therapy in patients with SAD, which needs to be substantiated in further controlled studies.
Propagation loss study of very compact GaAs/AlGaAs substrate removed waveguides (2009)

Very compact GaAs/AlGaAs optical waveguides with propagation loss as low as 0.9 dB/cm at lambda=1.55 microm were demonstrated using substrate removal and evaporated Si for index loading. Loss components were identified and minimized through process and waveguide design. Process induced roughness contributed significantly to overall propagation loss. Therefore a low damage process in addition to proper waveguide design is needed for loss minimization.
Multi-View Adaptive Fusion Network for 3D Object Detection (2020)

3D object detection based on LiDAR-camera fusion is becoming an emerging research theme for autonomous driving. However, it has been surprisingly difficult to effectively fuse both modalities without information loss and interference. To solve this issue, we propose a single-stage multi-view fusion framework that takes LiDAR bird's-eye view, LiDAR range view and camera view images as inputs for 3D object detection. To effectively fuse multi-view features, we propose an attentive pointwise fusion (APF) module to estimate the importance of the three sources with attention mechanisms that can achieve adaptive fusion of multi-view features in a pointwise manner. Furthermore, an attentive pointwise weighting (APW) module is designed to help the network learn structure information and point feature importance with two extra tasks, namely, foreground classification and center regression, and the predicted foreground probability is used to reweight the point features. We design an end-to-end learnable network named MVAF-Net to integrate these two components. Our evaluations conducted on the KITTI 3D object detection datasets demonstrate that the proposed APF and APW modules offer significant performance gains. Moreover, the proposed MVAF-Net achieves the best performance among all single-stage fusion methods and outperforms most two-stage fusion methods, achieving the best trade-off between speed and accuracy on the KITTI benchmark.
Cam Phaser Actuation Rate Performance Impact on Fuel Consumption and NOx Emissions Over the FTP-75 Drive Cycle (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Variable valve timing technology allows more flexibility for modern engines to meet peak performance, fuel economy and low emissions targets while providing good driveability. The most common device to achieve such improvement and comply with new emissions legislation is the oil pressure actuated cam phaser. Calibration for variable valve timing using dynamometer testing at steady state is the base for mapping the intake and exhaust valves phasing positions for the range of engine speed and load.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Calibration is aimed at improving fuel economy and emissions levels while avoiding combustion instabilities. During a transient however, the actuation rate limitations of the cam phasing device, which depends on available oil pressure, cause the phaser to not meet the ECU timing map request. This lag alters the engine optimum operation. A proposed solution, the Cam Torque Actuated phaser or CTA, uses available cam torque energy to sustain high actuation rates independently of oil pressure. Comparing simulation results between a continuously variable CTA phaser and a state of the art vane type Oil Pressure Actuated phaser (OPA), a 1.76% and 22% benefit for fuel consumption and NOx emissions respectively was achieved over the entire FTP-75 drive cycle. This paper outlines the analytical approach and detailed simulation results of the phaser actuation rate performance impact on fuel consumption and engine out NOx emissions for a V6 3.5L gasoline engine over the FTP-75 drive cycle.</div>
Phagocytic and oxidative burst activity of neutrophils in the end stage of liver cirrhosis (2005)

Neutrophil metabolic activity diminishes together with the intensification of liver failure. The metabolic potential of phagocytizing neutrophils is significantly lower in liver cirrhosis patients, which can be one of the causes of immune mechanism damage. The evaluation of oxygen metabolism of E. coli-stimulated neutrophils reveals that the amount of released oxygen metabolites is smaller in liver cirrhosis patients than in healthy subjects.
Efficient architecture for a duplex multi-stage optical non-blocking switch (2002)

We propose a novel architecture for an optical cross-connect based on full duplex switches that support reciprocal traffic. The architecture is based on a Clos switch and is proven to be non-blocking. The number of basic devices needed for it is about half the number needed in a conventional one-way architecture.
Fostering Ethical Professional Identity in Tax: Using the Traditional Tax Classroom (2017)

Thus, the goal of this article is to provide strategies for integrating professional identity development exercises into the traditional tax classroom.[17] In doing so, this article advances our understanding of how to help students develop ethical professional identity, particularly for those students interested in pursuing a career in tax.[18] And this article helps to answer the call for “plug and play” curriculum[19] that faculty can use to advance the student learning objective of teaching ethical professional identity formation.[20] In addition, given that professional identity development is equally important for practicing tax lawyers, they can use this article as a self-study tool, and the exercises herein can be used for CLE workshops.[21] Part II of this article provides background by elaborating on the concept of “professional identity” and explaining why this is an important part of legal education. Part III then argues for incorporating professional identity pedagogy into a specific context—the traditional tax classroom. Part IV provides an exercise that can be used in any upper-division tax course to integrate professional identity building into the traditional tax classroom; a reader primarily interested in the specific exercises might want to skip directly to this part. Part V identifies several challenges with integrating a professional identity module into the tax classroom and discusses variations and alternatives to help professors overcome or mitigate these challenges. This enables tax professors to tailor the experience to their goals and their students’ needs. Part VI concludes. Ultimately, the goal of this article is to try to empower tax faculty to help students reflect seriously on who they are and who they want to be as soon-to-be lawyers in the tax profession.
Strategies for lifelong knowledge extraction from the web (2007)

The increasing availability of electronic text has made it possible to acquire information using a variety of techniques that leverage the expertise of both humans and machines. In particular, the field of Information Extraction (IE), in which knowledge is extracted automatically from text, has shown promise for large-scale knowledge acquisition. While IE systems can uncover assertions about individual entities with an increasing level of sophistication,alltext understanding -- the formation of a coherent theory from a textual corpus -- involves representation and learning abilities not currently achievable by today's IE systems. Compared to individual relational assertions outputted by IE systems, a theory includes coherent knowledge of abstract concepts and the relationships among them. We believe that the ability to fully discover the richness of knowledge present within large, unstructured and heterogeneous corpora will require a lifelong learning process in which earlier learned knowledge is used to guide subsequent learning. This paper introduces Alice, a lifelong learning agent whose goal is to automatically discovera collection of concepts, facts and generalizations that describe a particular topic of interest directly from a large volume of Web text. Building upon recent advances in unsupervised information extraction, we demonstrate that Alice can iteratively discover new concepts and compose general domain knowledge with a precision of 78%.