gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiproliferative Strategies for the Treatment of Vascular Proliferative Disease (2003)

Excessive cellular proliferation contributes to the pathobiology of vascular obstructive diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis, transplant vasculopathy, and vessel bypass graft failure). Therefore, anti-proliferative therapies may be a suitable approach in the treatment of these disorders. Candidate targets for such strategies include the cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin holoenzymes, members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of inhibitory proteins, tumor suppressors, growth factors and transcription factors that control cell cycle progression. In this review, we will discuss the use of pharmacological agents and gene therapy approaches targeting cellular proliferation in animal models and clinical trials of cardiovascular disease.
Pulse stretcher with variable pulse length for excimer laser applications (2010)

Excimer laser systems are often combined with pulse stretchers, e.g., in lithography and Raman spectroscopy to reduce pulse peak intensities. We developed a pulse stretcher which is suited especially for pulse length dependent applications, e.g., in material research. This pulse stretcher is based on imaging and provides identical beam profiles and divergences at different pulse lengths in combination with the possibility of switching between four pulse lengths. Therefore, beam splitters are mounted onto motorized translation stages. These features are important for the characterization and development of improved optical materials for deep-ultraviolet applications. Here, two 193 nm single tube excimer lasers (Lambda Physik: LPX 240i, Cymer: ELS 5600) were evaluated concerning their combinability with an attached pulse stretcher. The wave-front radii of the ELS 5600 are dependent on repetition rate or pulse energy and are changing during warming-up. Without adapted pulse shaping, this can cause destruction of stretcher optics due to moving foci. We found that the LPX 240i could be combined easily with a pulse stretcher using beam shaping with only one cylindrical lens. We could demonstrate that stretched 193 nm laser pulses retard aging of CaF(2) crystals.
Prediction of Mechanical Properties by Artificial Neural Networks to Characterize the Plastic Behavior of Aluminum Alloys (2020)

In metal forming, the plastic behavior of metallic alloys is directly related to their formability, and it has been traditionally characterized by simplified models of the flow curves, especially in the analysis by finite element simulation and analytical methods. Tools based on artificial neural networks have shown high potential for predicting the behavior and properties of industrial components. Aluminum alloys are among the most broadly used materials in challenging industries such as aerospace, automotive, or food packaging. In this study, a computer-aided tool is developed to predict two of the most useful mechanical properties of metallic materials to characterize the plastic behavior, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. These prognostics are based on the alloy chemical composition, tempers, and Brinell hardness. In this study, a material database is employed to train an artificial neural network that is able to make predictions with a confidence greater than 95%. It is also shown that this methodology achieves a performance similar to that of empirical equations developed expressly for a specific material, but it provides greater generality since it can approximate the properties of any aluminum alloy. The methodology is based on the usage of artificial neural networks supported by a big data collection about the properties of thousands of commercial materials. Thus, the input data go above 2000 entries. When the relevant information has been collected and organized, an artificial neural network is defined, and after the training, the artificial intelligence is able to make predictions about the material properties with an average confidence greater than 95%.
Improved Bounds for Online Routing and Packing Via a Primal-Dual Approach (2006)

In this work we study a wide range of online and offline routing and packing problems with various objectives. We provide a unified approach, based on a clean primal-dual method, for the design of online algorithms for these problems, as well as improved bounds on the competitive factor. In particular, our analysis uses weak duality rather than a tailor made (i.e., problem specific) potential function. We demonstrate our ideas and results in the context of routing problems. Using our primal-dual approach, we develop a new generic online routing algorithm that outperforms previous algorithms suggested earlier by Y. Azar et al. (1993, 1997). We then show the applicability of our generic algorithm to various models and provide improved algorithms for achieving coordinate-wise competitiveness, maximizing throughput, and minimizing maximum load. In particular, we improve the results obtained by A. Goel et al. (2001) by an O(log n) factor for the problem of achieving coordinate-wise competitiveness, and by an O(log log n) factor for the problem of maximizing the throughput. For some of the settings we also prove improved lower bounds. We believe our results further our understanding of the applicability of the primal-dual method to online algorithms, and we are confident that the method will prove useful to other online scenarios. Finally, we revisit the notions of coordinate-wise and prefix competitiveness in an offline setting. We design the first polynomial time algorithm that computes an almost optimal coordinate-wise routing for several routing models. We also revisit previously studied routing models by A. Kumar and J.M. Kleinberg (2000) and A. Goel and A. Meyerson (2005) and prove tight lower and upper bounds of Theta(log n) on prefix competitiveness for these models
Practical design of globally-asynchronous locally-synchronous systems (2002)

In this paper we describe a complete design methodology for a globally asynchronous on-chip communication network connecting both locally-synchronous and asynchronous modules. Synchronous modules are equipped with asynchronous wrappers which adapt their interfaces to the self-timed environment and prevent metastability. These wrappers are assembled from a concise library of predesigned technology-independent elements and provide high-speed data transfer. We confirmed the validity of our concept by applying it to an ASIC design implementing the Safer crypto-algorithm.
Applicability of CMOS Digital Isolators in Variable-Frequency Drives (2016)

In the last 10 years CMOS digital isolators have emerged, and they are challenging the optocouplers. However, there are concerns regarding the new technology. The development of CMOS digital isolators has been rapid. During the last 10 years many of the concerns have been solved. For example, surge voltage rate was below 10kV/\\micro s preventing the use as a reinforced isolator, but current CMOS digital isolators exceed this limit and are able to fill the requirements for reinforced isolator. Designers are still having concern about the long-term reliability, the EMC characteristics, and the price of the new technology.\n \nMeasurements to attain insight about the EMC characteristics of the modern CMOS digital isolators are made in the thesis. The measurements measure the immunity to different EM phenomena. The main goal is to gain knowledge about the differences in EMC characteristics between different manufacturers. In addition, a partial discharge test is made with a goal of finding differences between manufacturers. To understand the cost of the technology, the cost of implementing an isolation function with digital isolators versus a comparison technology is discussed.\n\t\nThe measurements show that there are big differences in the EMC characteristics between manufacturers. The absolute levels indicate that the digital isolators can be used in the variable-frequency drives with caution, but designers are suggested to make more measurements to assess the immunity withstand capabilities in their design. Digital isolators can be cost effective in isolation functions. Optocouplers have a cost advantage if the required turn on/turn off speed is low, such as 3000ns. But if the required speed is at a range of 200ns, digital isolators begin to be more cost effective if the digital isolator volume is high enough.
Synthesis of dimeric phenylethanoids isolated from olive oil mill wastewaters (2006)

Two dimeric phenylethanoids isolated from olive oil mill wastewaters have been synthesized from cathecol, tyrosol and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid.
Une méthode concrète pour l’enseignement des premières notions de géométrie dans l’espace (1924)

Bureau Hélène. Une méthode concrète pour l’enseignement des premières notions de géométrie dans l’espace. In: La revue pédagogique, tome 85, Juillet-Décembre 1924. pp. 357-359.
Linguistic rule extraction from neural networks for descriptive data mining (2002)

There are two main goals of knowledge discovery: prediction and description. Description deals with identifying patterns for the purpose of presenting them to users in a form understandable by humans. The ability of neural networks to learn patterns from noisy data made them a popular tool for data mining. The problem is, however, that neural networks do not provide description of the patterns they discover. In knowledge discovery for decision making the comprehensibility of discovered patterns is sometimes more important than their predictive capability. We describe a framework for a neural network based data mining system which presents discovered patterns in a comprehensible form. In this framework a neural network is first trained on a set of training data and a rule extraction technique is then applied in order to extract explicit knowledge from the network and represent it in the form of crisp and fuzzy If-Then rules. The framework is illustrated with an application.
Trimethylsilyl iodide as a peptide deblocking agent (1979)

Removal of urethane and benzyl ether blocking groups from peptides is readily accomplished by treatment with trimethylsilyl iodide which is particularly useful for the debenzylation of O-benzyltyrosine without the formation of rearrangement products.
Phosphorylation of Jak2 on Ser <sub>523</sub> InhibitsJak2-Dependent Leptin ReceptorSignaling (2006)

The leptin receptor, LRb, and other cytokine receptors are devoid of intrinsic enzymatic activity and rely upon the activity of constitutively associated Jak family tyrosine kinases to mediate intracellular signaling. In order to clarify mechanisms by which Jak2, the cognate LRb-associated Jak kinase, is regulated and mediates downstream signaling, we employed tandem mass spectroscopic analysis to identify phosphorylation sites on Jak2. We identified Ser(523) as the first-described site of Jak2 serine phosphorylation and demonstrated that this site is phosphorylated on Jak2 from intact cells and mouse spleen. Ser(523) was highly phosphorylated in HEK293 cells independently of LRb-Jak2 activation, suggesting a potential role for the phosphorylation of Ser(523) in the regulation of LRb by other pathways. Indeed, mutation of Ser(523) sensitized and prolonged signaling by Jak2 following activation by the intracellular domain of LRb. The effect of Ser(523) on Jak2 function was independent of Tyr(570)-mediated inhibition. Thus, the phosphorylation of Jak2 on Ser(523) inhibits Jak2 activity and represents a novel mechanism for the regulation of Jak2-dependent cytokine signaling.
Serum alpha-glutathione S-transferase--a sensitive marker of hepatocellular damage associated with acute liver allograft rejection. (1994)

The wide hepatic distribution, high cytosolic concentration, and short in vivo plasma half-life of serum alpha-glutathione s-transferase are properties which may make monitoring this enzyme more clinically useful than conventional biochemical liver function tests as a marker of hepatocellular damage associated with acute liver allograft rejection. In a prospective longitudinal study of 58 liver transplants in 45 patients, serum alpha-glutathione S-transferase concentrations rose significantly more consistently and more rapidly than conventional liver function tests in association with acute rejection. However, a rise in alpha-glutathione S-transferase was less specific for rejection than conventional liver function tests although none of the tests had a positive predictive value for rejection of greater than 32%. Compatible with the particularly short in vivo plasma half-life of this enzyme, alpha-glutathione S-transferase concentrations fell to or toward normal more rapidly than conventional liver function test measurements following uncomplicated transplantation as well as during high-dose steroid treatment of rejection. This may be valuable, both in improving the resolution of biochemical changes associated with early rejection episodes and in determining when treatment of rejection has been successful. Further studies are warranted, however, to assess whether the fall in GST during rejection treatment does genuinely reflect the histological resolution of rejection.
Non-apoptotic programmed cell death with paraptotic-like features in bleomycin-treated plant cells is suppressed by inhibition of ATM/ATR pathways or NtE2F overexpression (2012)

In plants, different forms of programmed cell death (PCD) have been identified, but they only partially correspond to those described for animals, which is most probably due to structural differences between animal and plant cells. Here, the results show that in tobacco BY-2 cells, bleomycin (BLM), an inducer of double-strand breaks (DSBs), triggers a novel type of non-apoptotic PCD with paraptotic-like features. Analysis of numerous PCD markers revealed an extensive vacuolization, vacuolar rupture, and chromatin condensation, but no apoptotic DNA fragmentation, fragmentation of the nuclei, or sensitivity to caspase inhibitors. BLM-induced PCD was cell cycle regulated, occurring predominantly upon G(2)/M cell cycle checkpoint activation. In addition, this paraptotic-like PCD was at least partially inhibited by caffeine, a known inhibitor of DNA damage sensor kinases ATM and ATR. Interestingly, overexpression of one NtE2F transcriptional factor, whose homologues play a dual role in animal apoptosis and DNA repair, reduced PCD induction and modulated G(2)/M checkpoint activation in BY-2 cells. These observations provide a solid ground for further investigations into the paraptotic-like PCD in plants, which might represent an ancestral non-apoptotic form of PCD conserved among animals, protists, and plants.
Effects of luminance, wavelength and purity on the color attributes: Brief review with new data and perspectives (2007)

Abstract A color stimulus may be characterized by three psychophysical dimensions (luminance, dominant wavelength, and purity), whose corresponding color attributes are lightness, hue, and chroma/colorfulness. The 3 × 3 matrix gives nine basic effects of the psychophysical dimensions on the color attributes (e.g. the effect of luminance on hue), but there are 49 possible combinations as more complex effects (e.g. the effect of luminance on hue and chroma, i.e. on chromaticity). Researching and quantifying such effects enables modelling of the underlying neural mechanisms and of color appearance. Using a simple nomenclature to identify the effects (e.g. Ph denotes the effect of Purity on hue), this paper briefly reviews and interrelates 15 of the commonest effects, giving new data or new graphical perspectives to clarify or fill gaps in the literature. Contrast and no‐contrast effects (stimuli viewed simultaneously or singly, respectively) are differentiated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 208–222, 2007
A recombinant rabies virus expressing vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein fails to protect against rabies virus infection (2000)

To investigate the importance of the rabies virus (RV) glycoprotein (G) in protection against rabies, we constructed a recombinant RV (rRV) in which the RV G ecto- and transmembrane domains were replaced with the corresponding regions of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) glycoprotein (rRV-VSV-G). We were able to recover rRV-VSV-G and found that particle production was equal to rRV. However, the budding of the chimeric virus was delayed and infectious titers were reduced 10-fold compared with the parental rRV strain containing RV G. Biochemical analysis showed equal replication rates of both viruses, and similar amounts of wild-type and chimeric G were present in the respective viral particles. Additional studies were performed to determine whether the immune response against rRV-VSV-G was sufficient to protect against rabies. Mice were primed with rRV or rRV-VSV-G and challenged with a pathogenic strain of RV 12 days later. Similar immune responses against the internal viral proteins of both viruses indicated successful infection. All mice receiving the rRV vaccine survived the challenge, whereas immunization with rRV-VSV-G did not induce protection. The results confirm the crucial role of RV G in an RV vaccine.
Recent Advances in<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i>Anti-Diabetic Research: Pharmacological Effects of Its Phytochemical Constituents (2013)

The disease burden of diabetes mellitus is increasing throughout the world. The need for more potent drugs to complement the present anti-diabetic drugs has become an imperative. Astragalus membranaceus, a key component of most Chinese herbal anti-diabetic formulas, has been an important prospect for lead anti-diabetic compounds. It has been progressively studied for its anti-diabetic properties. Ethnopharmacological studies have established its potential to alleviate diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have sought to relate its chemical constituents to types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Its total polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids fractions and several isolated compounds have been the most studied. The total polysaccharides fraction demonstrated activity to both types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. This paper discusses the anti-diabetic effects and pharmacological action of the chemical constituents in relation to types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.
Influence of Asphalt Tack Coat Materials on Interface Shear Strength (2002)

Asphalt tack coat is a light application of asphalt, usually asphalt diluted with water. It is used to ensure a bond between the surface being paved and the overlying course. Normally, hot asphalt cements, emulsified asphalts, or cutback asphalts are used as tack coats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice of using tack coats through controlled laboratory simple shear tests and determine the optimum application rate. The influence of tack coat types, application rates, and test temperatures on the interface shear strength was examined. Four emulsions (CRS 2P, SS-1, CSS-1, and SS-1h) and two asphalt binders (PG 64-22 and PG 76-22M) were selected as tack coat materials. The residual application rates considered were 0.00 (0.00), 0.09 (0.02), 0.23 (0.05), 0.45 (0.1), and 0.9 (0.2) L/m 2 (gal/yd 2 ). A simple shear test was performed to determine the shear strength at the interface at two test temperatures, 25°C (77°F) and 55°C (131°F). The results indicated that CRS-2P emulsion was the best tack coat type and 0.09 L/m 2 (0.02 gal/yd 2 ) was the optimum application rate at which a maximum interface shear strength was measured for both test temperatures.
An adaptive mesh-moving and local refinement method for time-dependent partial differential equations (1990)

We discuss mesh-moving, static mesh-regeneration, and local mesh-refinement algorithms that can be used with a finite difference or finite element scheme to solve initial-boundary value problems for vector systems of time-dependent partial differential equations in two space dimensions and time. A coarse base mesh of quadrilateral cells is moved by an algebraic mesh-movement function so as to follow and isolate spatially distinct phenomena. The local mesh-refinement method recursively divides the time step and spatial cells of the moving base mesh in regions where error indicators are high until a prescribed tolerance is satisfied. The static mesh-regeneration procedure is used to create a new base mesh when the existing one becomes too distorted. The adaptive methods have been combined with a MacCormack finite difference scheme for hyperbolic systems and an error indicator based upon estimates of the local discretization error obtained by Richardson extrapolation. Results are presented for several computational examples.
High-Performance PUR Elastomers with Aromatic Diamines (1988)

Solid polyurethane elastomers produced by the casting method are used mainly in technical applications. They bridge the gap between soft rubber grades and hard thermoplastics without losing their excellent elastomeric properties. Current sales and consumption figures confirm the excellent future prospects of these products. The elastomers are produced from modified isocyanates and crosslinking agents. Amine crosslinking agents play a particularly vital role here: they are largely responsible for the processing characteristics of the systems and deter mine many of the final properties of the end products. While looking for suitable amines, we discovered two aromatic diamines capable of either retarding or accelerating the reactivity of the systems. Various ways of formulating systems are demonstrated in the light of these characteristics, and the properties of the end products are discussed. New processing methods should permit cost-effective production and open up new fields of application.
Protein corona affects the relaxivity and MRI contrast efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles (2013)

Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being considered for use in biomedical applications such as biosensors, imaging contrast agents and drug delivery vehicles. In a biological fluid, proteins associate in a preferential manner with NPs. The small sizes and high curvature angles of NPs influence the types and amounts of proteins present on their surfaces. This differential display of proteins bound to the surface of NPs can influence the tissue distribution, cellular uptake and biological effects of NPs. To date, the effects of adsorption of a protein corona (PC) on the magnetic properties of NPs have not been considered, despite the fact that some of their potential applications require their use in human blood. Here, to investigate the effects of a PC (using fetal bovine serum) on the MRI contrast efficiency of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), we have synthesized two series of SPIONs with variation in the thickness and functional groups (i.e. surface charges) of the dextran surface coating. We have observed that different physico-chemical characteristics of the dextran coatings on the SPIONs lead to the formation of PCs of different compositions. (1)H relaxometry was used to obtain the longitudinal, r1, and transverse, r2, relaxivities of the SPIONs without and with a PC, as a function of the Larmor frequency. The transverse relaxivity, which determines the efficiency of negative contrast agents (CAs), is very much dependent on the functional group and the surface charge of the SPIONs' coating. The presence of the PC did not alter the relaxivity of plain SPIONs, while it slightly increased the relaxivity of the negatively charged SPIONs and dramatically decreased the relaxivity of the positively charged ones, which was coupled with particle agglomeration in the presence of the proteins. To confirm the effect of the PC on the MRI contrast efficiency, in vitro MRI experiments at ν = 8.5 MHz were performed using a low-field MRI scanner. The MRI contrasts, produced by different samples, were fully in agreement with the relaxometry findings.