gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced modeling and browsing of technical documents (2002)

This article proposes three techniques for improving the modeling and browsing of electronic books for technical documents specified in XML. Technical documents are for two reasons prime applications for electronic books. First, electronic devices are nowadays widely used for the distribution, storage, and updating of such documents. Second, since most technical documents have rather complex semantics and structure, they might be easier to consult as electronic books with their advanced functionalities than as paper prints.The techniques proposed in this article are as follows. First, author's views are proposed as a means for grouping semantically related, yet different contents. Second, browsing style sheets are proposed for distinguishing between the semantics of hypertext links and their traversal behavior more drastically than it is the case with current XML hypertext links. Third, a tool called Reader's View is described with which a reader can annotate and restructure an electronic book while exploring it. These techniques remind of former proposals made in the hypertext community. The focus of the present proposal is the smooth integration of the proposed techniques within the existing XML/HTML world so as to exploit existing standards and tools as far as possible.
An abstract intermediate representation in compilation systems (2003)

The design of an intermediate representation is critical to the portability of a compiler and the efficiency of code generation. In order to increase the reusability of compiler components, and to simplify the development process of compilers, the paper presents an abstract intermediate representation (AIR) that provides a concise notation for describing the abstract syntax of programming languages and the inner data structures of compilers. AIR integrates algebraic data types into the object-oriented paradigm and thus makes it have stronger expressive power, flexibility, and extensibility. AIR separates the abstract descriptions from the concrete implementation. This makes it easier to be implemented in different high-level languages and thus improves the interoperatibility of compiler components.
A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions (1995)

Numerical assessments of global air quality and potential changes in atmospheric chemical constituents require estimates of the surface fluxes of a variety of trace gas species. We have developed a global model to estimate emissions of volatile organic compounds from natural sources (NVOC). Methane is not considered here and has been reviewed in detail elsewhere. The model has a highly resolved spatial grid (0.5°×0.5° latitude/longitude) and generates hourly average emission estimates. Chemical species are grouped into four categories: isoprene, monoterpenes, other reactive VOC (ORVOC), and other VOC (OVOC). NVOC emissions from oceans are estimated as a function of geophysical variables from a general circulation model and ocean color satellite data. Emissions from plant foliage are estimated from ecosystem specific biomass and emission factors and algorithms describing light and temperature dependence of NVOC emissions. Foliar density estimates are based on climatic variables and satellite data. Temporal variations in the model are driven by monthly estimates of biomass and temperature and hourly light estimates. The annual global VOC flux is estimated to be 1150 Tg C, composed of 44% isoprene, 11% monoterpenes, 22.5% other reactive VOC, and 22.5% other VOC. Large uncertainties exist for each of these estimates and particularly for compounds other than isoprene and monoterpenes. Tropical woodlands (rain forest, seasonal, drought‐deciduous, and savanna) contribute about half of all global natural VOC emissions. Croplands, shrublands and other woodlands contribute 10–20% apiece. Isoprene emissions calculated for temperate regions are as much as a factor of 5 higher than previous estimates.
Velocity analysis using shot‐indexed sensitivity kernels: application to a complex geological model (2010)

We investigate the capability of inverting large scale velocity errors through wave equation migration velocity analysis using shot‐indexed sensitivity kernels. We find that the global shift of the image (absolute residual moveout) is crucial for constraining the large‐scale velocity errors in the model when the shift of the image is more than a number of wavelengths. We estimate the shift through fitting the curvature of RMOs on CIGs and add this information into the inversion system. Although the extraction of the shift information is based on a simple model, including this information into RMO data considerably improves the inversion result. We apply our method to Sigsbee benchmark model and demonstrate that the velocity analysis based on sensitivity kernels can handle both large‐scale and small‐scale velocity errors in a complex geological environment.
The rapidly advancing Class 2 CRISPR‐Cas technologies: A customizable toolbox for molecular manipulations (2020)

The CRISPR-Cas technologies derived from bacterial and archaeal adaptive immune systems have emerged as a series of groundbreaking nucleic acid-guided gene editing tools, ultimately standing out among several engineered nucleases because of their high efficiency, sequence-specific targeting, ease of programming and versatility. Facilitated by the advancement across multiple disciplines such as bioinformatics, structural biology and high-throughput sequencing, the discoveries and engineering of various innovative CRISPR-Cas systems are rapidly expanding the CRISPR toolbox. This is revolutionizing not only genome editing but also various other types of nucleic acid-guided manipulations such as transcriptional control and genomic imaging. Meanwhile, the adaptation of various CRISPR strategies in multiple settings has realized numerous previously non-existing applications, ranging from the introduction of sophisticated approaches in basic research to impactful agricultural and therapeutic applications. Here, we summarize the recent advances of CRISPR technologies and strategies, as well as their impactful applications.
SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORT FOR PEACH BOTTOM I CORE 1 FUEL STORAGE FACILITY. (1971)

samples containing uranium. An area of the facility is dedicated to the Isotopic Source Assay System (ISAS) used with the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) safeguards survey program. Storage racks installed in each fuel storage area will maintain critically safe fuel storage arrays. The facility is provided with fire, security, and criticality detection systems. Leaking of liquids is not considered serious beause: (a) all liquid product will be stored in a common area; (b) the facility will be routinely checked to detect unusual conditions; (c) the floor is sloped to contain any liquid that does leak; (d) no method of rapidly or widely spreading the contamination can be postulated; (e) contamination spread that does occur will be detected and indicated by alpha CAMs and alpha hand and foot counters; and (f) the area will be cleaned after the spill.
broad bandwidth through DSL (2000)

Based on the work of TTG‐4, which defined and identified the various configurations, characteristics and patterns of deployment of broad bandwidth through DSL technology. Looks at tactical matters, implications of higher bandwidth services, home gateway products, and wireless as an increasing threat to profitable deployment of DSL.
Therapist adherence in brief strategic family therapy for adolescent drug abusers. (2011)

Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed, including the relevance of these findings on training therapists and studies focusing on mechanisms of action in family therapy.
Monoclonal antibody anti-PBP2a protects mice against MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infections (2019)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug-resistant bacterium responsible for serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections worldwide. Since few antibiotics are effective for treating MRSA infections, the development of new therapies is of great importance. Previous studies demonstrated that PBP2a is a target that generates protective antibodies against MRSA. A murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) that recognizes PBP2a from MRSA strains was previously isolated and characterized. In this report, we evaluated the biodistribution of this MAb in blood and tissues, as well as the extent of protection conferred using prophylactic and therapeutic assays compared to vancomycin treatment. Biodistribution was evaluated 12-96 h after MAb administration. It predominantly remained in the serum, but it was also detectable in the kidneys, lungs, and spleen at low concentrations (about 4.5% in the kidneys, 1.9% in the lungs, and 0.7% the spleen) at all observed timepoints. Prophylactic studies in a murine model demonstrated a significant bacterial load reduction in the kidneys of the groups treated with either with IgG (greater than 3 logs) or F(ab')2 (98%) when compared to that of the control groups (untreated). Mice were challenged with a lethal dose, and the survival rate was higher in the treated mice. Treatment with the MAb resulted in a bacterial load reduction in the kidneys similar to that of mice treated with vancomycin, and a MAb/vancomycin combination therapy was also effective. These results demonstrate that an anti-PBP2a MAb may be a promising therapeutic for treating MRSA infections.
Structure-activity relationships of virginiae butanolide C, an inducer of virginiamycin production in Streptomyces virginiae. (1988)

Virginiae butanolide C, [2-(1'-hydroxyhexyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)butanolide (3)], is one of the inducers of virginiamycin production in Streptomyces virginiae. Various racemic analogues were synthesized, and their effectiveness in virginiamycin induction was studied. Among analogues having a series of C-2 side chains, those with 1'-hydroxyheptyl or 1'-hydroxyoctyl moiety were most effective with a minimum effective concentration of 0.8 ng/ml. At the same length of C-2 side chain, a 2,3-cis analogue was 10-fold more active than a 2,3-trans analogue, and the 2,3-trans analogue was 10-fold more active than an analogue having a 1'-ketoalkyl moiety at C-2 (A-factor type analogue). Methoxylation or deletion of either one of the two hydroxy groups in virginiae butanolide C analogues caused a 100 to 1,000-fold decrease in activity, thus indicating the importance of the two hydroxy groups in virginiamycin induction.
Persistent effects of chenodeoxycholic acid on biliary lipids in the hamster. (1975)

(1) CDC has a salutory effect on biliary lipid composition while causing an increase of exogenous CDC in bile and a decrease of endogenous cholesterol synthesis. (2) The persistence of decreased cholesterol synthesis and of improved biliary lipid composistion after discontinuing CDC provides a rationale for studying this in man and then testing intermittent CDC regimes for gallstone dissolution.
Energy-efficient Level Shifter topology (2015)

Level Shifters (LS) are essential components of integrated circuits with multiple power supply. They work as voltage scaling interfaces between different power domains. In this paper, we present an energy-efficient level shifter with low area topology. It requires only one power rail and can operate nearby the threshold voltage. We validated the proposed topology with simulations on an IBM 130nm CMOS technology. We compared our topology with traditional LS, like the Differential Cascode Voltage Switch (DCVS) or the Puri's topology. The proposed topology requires up to 93.79% less energy under certain conditions. It presented 88.03% smaller delay and 39.6% less Power-Delay Product (PDP) when compared to the DCVS topology. In contrast with the Puri's level shifter, we obtained a reduction of 32.08% in power consumption, 13.26% smaller delay and 15.37% lower PDP. In addition, our level shifter was the only one capable to work at 35% of the nominal supply.
Actively controlled release of Dexamethasone from neural microelectrodes in a chronic in vivo study (2017)

Stable interconnection to neurons in vivo over long time-periods is critical for the success of future advanced neuroelectronic applications. The inevitable foreign body reaction towards implanted materials challenges the stability and an active intervention strategy would be desirable to treat inflammation locally. Here, we investigate whether controlled release of the anti-inflammatory drug Dexamethasone from flexible neural microelectrodes in the rat hippocampus has an impact on probe-tissue integration over 12 weeks of implantation. The drug was stored in a conducting polymer coating (PEDOT/Dex), selectively deposited on the electrode sites of neural probes, and released on weekly basis by applying a cyclic voltammetry signal in three electrode configuration in fully awake animals. Dex-functionalized probes provided stable recordings and impedance characteristics over the entire chronic study. Histological evaluation after 12 weeks of implantation revealed an overall low degree of inflammation around all flexible probes whereas electrodes exposed to active drug release protocols did have neurons closer to the electrode sites compared to controls. The combination of flexible probe technology with anti-inflammatory coatings accordingly offers a promising approach for enabling long-term stable neural interfaces.
Multiaxis laser eigenstates (1996)

We derive a theoretical model based on a generalized Jones matrix formalism to calculate the eigenstates of lasers with N propagation axes. Spatial separation of the beams is realized inside the cavity by a collection of double-refraction crystals. This method allows one to adapt the mode volume to the geometry of the active medium. N-forked eigenstates are isolated, and the possibility of scaling up the TEM00 output power of a monomode laser is shown. All these features are tested experimentally in two-, four-, and eight-axis lasers and show good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Immunotherapy of malignant melanoma with vaccinia virus (1974)

Twenty patients with either stage II or III metastatic malignant melanoma were treated with vaccinia virus injections into the tumor nodules. Average survival was 32.2 months for stage II and 4.6 months for stage III. Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene sensitization were positive. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated humoral antibodies. Cellular cytotoxicity, as demonstrated by the colony inhibition technique, was strongly positive in all patients who made a good response to immunotherapy. Blocking antibodies were not found in the treated group. Vaccinia virus immunotherapy may act by activation of specific immune mechanisms or may reflect a nonspecific, cytotoxic, inflammatory reaction. This study supports the concept that vaccinia virus may activate the production of cell-mediated, cytotoxic immunity against melanoma cells. This cytotoxic immunity has been isolated with transfer factor and given to other patients with metastatic melanoma.
Propagation Kinetics of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acid in Water and Organic Solvents Studied by Pulsed-Laser Polymerization (2000)

Pulsed laser-induced polymerization (PLP) in combination with analysis of formed polymer by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been successfully applied in determining propagation rate coefficient, kp, of acrylic and methacrylic acid in organic solvents and water. For methacrylic acid solution polymerization in methanol and in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), minor but not negligible variations of kp with solvent have been observed. In contrast, kp values for polymerizations in water are significantly influenced by the solvent and furthermore by monomer concentration. The kp values obtained from polymerization experiments in water are significantly larger than the corresponding values obtained in methanol or DMSO. Weighted nonlinear least-squares fitting (NLLS) has been applied to calculate frequency factors, A, and activation energies, Ea, from the temperature dependence of kp for methacrylic acid in methanol, DMSO, and water in order to underline the reliability of the data. For acrylic acid it turns out that optimized experimental conditions have to be chosen in order to determine reliable kp values at ambient temperature. Laser pulse repetition rates of at least 90 Hz are necessary to ensure that “termination by the laser pulse” is the main chain stopping event. Smaller values of the laser pulse repetition rate will not yield reliable kp data. Furthermore, evidence of at least one first overtone inflection point at L2 ≈ 2L1 is not only recommended, it is necessary to ensure a reliable measure of kp. This is the most important consistency criterion showing that experimental conditions are suitable.
Keeping Data Private while Computing in the Cloud (2012)

The cloud offers unprecedented access to computation. However, ensuring the privacy of that computation remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we address the problem of distributing computation onto the cloud in a way that preserves the privacy of the computation's data even from the cloud nodes themselves. The approach, called sTile, separates the computation into small subcomputations and distributes them in a way that makes it prohibitively hard to reconstruct the data. We evaluate sTile theoretically and empirically: First, we formally prove that sTile systems preserve privacy. Second, we deploy a prototype implementation on three different networks, including the globally-distributed PlanetLab testbed, to show that sTile is robust to network delay and efficient enough to significantly outperform existing privacy-preserving approaches.
Managing iOS mobile devices (2011)

Mobile devices are sweeping across campuses as students and faculty find new uses for them in learning, teaching, and research. At the University of Washington's Department of Surgery, a similar story is being told. There is great interest in deploying iPads in research and education among both faculty and staff. However, the tension between providing resources to meet faculty and staff interests and the requirement to meet institutional data security standards is difficult to manage. Similarly, the demands on IT staffs keep rising and it is difficult to find the financial and staffing resources to meet all requests. However, mobile devices make a strong use case in academia, and their use will continue to expand regardless if whether IT units are on board. At the Department of Surgery, managing the explosion of mobile devices could potentially be a complex and burdensome task, and iPad deployment could not proceed within the department until there was a security and management solution in place.
Cooperative Communication Based on Random Beamforming Strategy in Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

This paper presents a two-phase cooperative communication strategy and an optimal power allocation strategy to transmit sensor observations to a fusion center in a large-scale sensor network. Outage probability is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. Simulation results demonstrate that: 1) when signal-to-noise ratio is low, the performance of the proposed system is better than that of the multiple-input and multiple-output system over uncorrelated slow fading Rayleigh channels; 2) given the transmission rate and the total transmission SNR, there exists an optimal power allocation that minimizes the outage probability; 3) on correlated slow fading Rayleigh channels, channel correlation will degrade the system performance in linear proportion to the correlation level.
Deep neural support vector machines for speech recognition (2015)

A new type of deep neural networks (DNNs) is presented in this paper. Traditional DNNs use the multinomial logistic regression (softmax activation) at the top layer for classification. The new DNN instead uses a support vector machine (SVM) at the top layer. Two training algorithms are proposed at the frame and sequence-level to learn parameters of SVM and DNN in the maximum-margin criteria. In the frame-level training, the new model is shown to be related to the multiclass SVM with DNN features; In the sequence-level training, it is related to the structured SVM with DNN features and HMM state transition features. Its decoding process is similar to the DNN-HMM hybrid system but with frame-level posterior probabilities replaced by scores from the SVM. We term the new model deep neural support vector machine (DNSVM). We have verified its effectiveness on the TIMIT task for continuous speech recognition.
Ion acoustic turbulence in a 100-A<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">LaB</mml:mi><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>hollow cathode (2014)

The temporal fluctuations in the near plume of a 100-A LaB(6) hollow cathode are experimentally investigated. A probe array is employed to measure the amplitude and dispersion of axial modes in the plume, and these properties are examined parametrically as a function of cathode operating conditions. The onset of ion acoustic turbulence is observed at high current and is characterized by a power spectrum that exhibits a cutoff at low frequency and an inverse dependence on frequency at high values. The amplitude of the turbulence is found to decrease with flow rate but to depend nonmonotonically on discharge current. Estimates of the anomalous collision frequency based on experimental measurements indicate that the ion acoustic turbulence collision frequency can exceed the classical rate at high discharge current densities by nearly two orders of magnitude.
IBM ES/9000 model 320 air cooled computer technology (2002)

The authors describe the IBM ES/9000 model 320, an air-cooled mainframe business computer with engineering and scientific processor features equivalent to those of a water-cooled multiframe IBM system 3090 packaged in a single frame. The key is the technology integration of bipolar logic chips with differential current switch circuits and CMOS static random access memory array chips on a thermal conduction module.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sorting of plant vacuolar proteins is initiated in the ER (2010)

Transport of soluble cargo molecules to the lytic vacuole of plants requires vacuolar sorting receptors (VSRs) to divert transport of vacuolar cargo from the default secretory route to the cell surface. Just as important is the trafficking of the VSRs themselves, a process that encompasses anterograde transport of receptor-ligand complexes from a donor compartment, dissociation of these complexes upon arrival at the target compartment, and recycling of the receptor back to the donor compartment for a further round of ligand transport. We have previously shown that retromer-mediated recycling of the plant VSR BP80 starts at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Here we demonstrate that inhibition of retromer function by either RNAi knockdown of sorting nexins (SNXs) or co-expression of mutants of SNX1/2a specifically inhibits the ER export of VSRs as well as soluble vacuolar cargo molecules, but does not influence cargo molecules destined for the COPII-mediated transport route. Retention of soluble cargo despite ongoing COPII-mediated bulk flow can only be explained by an interaction with membrane-bound proteins. Therefore, we examined whether VSRs are capable of binding their ligands in the lumen of the ER by expressing ER-anchored VSR derivatives. These experiments resulted in drastic accumulation of soluble vacuolar cargo molecules in the ER. This demonstrates that the ER, rather than the TGN, is the location of the initial VSR-ligand interaction. It also implies that the retromer-mediated recycling route for the VSRs leads from the TGN back to the ER.