gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A two chip PCM voice CODEC with filters (1979)

Architecture and design of a monolithic voice CODEC is described. The CODEC consists of 2 chips-the transmit chip includes the companding coder (nonlinear A/D) along with filtering functions, and the receive chip consists of the expanding decoder (nonlinear D/A) chip with its smoothing filter. Experimental results show the circuit to meet accepted requirements.
Development of hypoallergenic galacto-oligosaccharides on the basis of allergen analysis (2014)

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) are recognized as prebiotics beneficial to human health through their abilities to modulate gut microbiota. On the other hand, it has been reported that immediate allergic reactions are caused by a GOS product (Bc-GOS) produced by treating lactose with β-galactosidase derived from Bacillus circulans. The objective of this study was to create a safer GOS product that is less likely to cause GOS-induced allergy (GOS-AL). First, we identified two derivatives of tetrasaccharide sugar chains in Bc-GOS as the factors responsible for GOS-AL by histamine release test (HRT) using blood samples obtained from two GOS-AL patients. Through our search for non-allergic GOS, we developed a new GOS product, SK-GOS, which was produced by catalyzing lactose with β-galactosidase derived from Sporobolomyces singularis and Kluyveromyces lactis. We regard it as a hypoallergic and safe GOS product that does not cause GOS-AL.
Benefits and Costs of Using HPV Testing to Screen for Cervical Cancer (2002)

Screening with HPV plus Pap tests every 2 years appears to save additional years of life at reasonable costs compared with Pap testing alone. Applying age limits to screening is a viable option to maintain benefits while reducing costs.
Massive-Model Rendering Techniques: A Tutorial (2007)

The currently observed exponentially increasing size of 3D models prohibits rendering them using brute force methods. Researchers have proposed various output-sensitive rendering algorithms to overcome this challenge. This article provides an overview of this technology.
A Reflective Diode Linearize for Spacecraft Applications (2005)

There is an increasing interest in the use of predistortion linearizes to improve Carrier-to-Intermodulation ratios (C/I) of spacecraft power amplifiers. This paper describes a Ku band reflective diode linearizer designed to provide high reliability and to function over the changing environmental conditions required for space applications. This linearize is electrically tunable to allow its characteristics to be easily trimmed to compensate for the different non-linearities of a variety of amplifiers. When used in conjunction with a TWTA, it is is capable of providing a two-tone C/I of 30 dB or an improvement of greater than 10 dB over the critical power back-off range from -3 to -8 dB. Both two and multi-tone C/I performance are reported and the performance degradations of aging, temperature and bandwith are discussed.
Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Translocating ATPase of the Plant Plasma Membrane (1990)

For Ca(2+) to function as a second messenger in signal transduction, it is essential that plant cells maintain low cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels relative to internal organelles and the apoplast. At the plasma membrane, Ca(2+) is actively transported out of the cytoplasm and current evidence supports the involvement of a primary Ca(2+)-translocating ATPase in mediating this energy-dependent process. This review examines the preliminary biochemical characterization of this transport enzyme.
Synthesis and thermal characterization of chemically modified cardanol polymers (1993)

Abstract Cardanol was functionalised to incorporate elements such as phosphorus and bromine and polymerised with formaldehyde or hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) to get flame retardant polymers. Thus, monocardanyl phosphoric acid (MCPA), its bromoderivative (BrMCPA), and their formaldehyde condensates (MCPAF and BrMCPAF) and cross‐linked polymers were prepared and characterized by IR, NMR, and GPC. Flammability and thermal stability of these polymers were evaluated by LOI and TGA, respectively, and compared with those of conventional cardanol‐formaldehyde (CF) resin and its bromoderivative. TGA of MCPAF showed that although it is initially less stable than that of CF, its stability increases above 500°C over that of CF. Char yields of MCPAF and BrMCPAF are 21 and 27, respectively, and corresponding LOI values are 27 and 49. The present data do not support any synergism nor any additive effect between phosphorus and bromine, but a positive interaction between them is indicated with phosphorus mainly contributing in the condensed phase and bromine in the vapour phase mechanism. The activation energies in the range 20–30 kcal/mol for MCPAF suggest an ionic mechanism for its decomposition, whereas mainly a free radical type of decomposition is inferred for BrMCPAF with an activation energy in the range of 35–50 kcal/mol. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TRIM22 Inhibits HIV-1 Transcription Independently of Its E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity, Tat, and NF-κB-Responsive Long Terminal Repeat Elements (2011)

Previous studies identified clones of the U937 promonocytic cell line that were either permissive or nonpermissive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. These clones were investigated further in the search for host restriction factors that could explain their differential capacity to support HIV-1 replication. Among known HIV-1 restriction factors screened, tripartite motif-containing protein 22 (TRIM22) was the only factor constitutively expressed in nonpermissive and absent in permissive U937 cells. Stable TRIM22 knockdown (KD) rescued HIV-1 long-terminal-repeat (LTR)-driven transcription in KD-nonpermissive cells to the levels observed in permissive cells. Conversely, transduction-mediated expression of TRIM22 in permissive cells reduced LTR-driven luciferase expression by ∼7-fold, supporting a negative role of TRIM22 in HIV-1 transcription. This finding was further confirmed in the human T cell line A3.01 expressing TRIM22. Moreover, overexpression of TRIM22 in 293T cells significantly impaired basal and phorbol myristate acetate-ionomycin-induced HIV-1 LTR-driven gene expression, whereas inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced viral transcription was a consequence of lower basal expression. In agreement, TRIM22 equally inhibited an LTR construct lacking the tandem NF-κB binding sites. In addition, TRIM22 did not affect Tat-mediated LTR transactivation. Finally, these effects were independent of TRIM22 E3 ubiquitin-ligase activity. In the context of replication-competent virus, significantly higher levels of HIV-1 production were observed in KD-nonpermissive versus control nonpermissive U937 cells after infection. In contrast, lower peak levels of HIV-1 replication characterized U937 and A3.01 cells expressing TRIM22 versus their control transduced counterpart. Thus, nuclear TRIM22 significantly impairs HIV-1 replication, likely by interfering with Tat- and NF-κB-independent LTR-driven transcription.
HYDRAULIC POWER UNITS (2010)

Flooded Suction: Longer pump life; pump always stays primed. No pump rusting during shut-down periods. Air bleed valves are not required. Easy Reservoir Draining: Pump not required for draining. Drain ball valve provided. Self Flushing: System flushes any material in suction line when a pump is replaced. Color Code Identification: Allows for easy identification of items. In-Tank Filter System: Provides easy element replacement without line drainage. Convenient Suction Strainer Maintenance: Clean out access cover allows replacement of suction strainer without draining reservoir. Removable Top Plate: Removable top allows for easy reservoir cleaning. No leaky end bells that make access for cleaning difficult. Conserves Space: While still allowing general maintenance, the stack tank design saves floor space.
Insect resistance to insecticides (1989)

Abstract The past 40 years have seen insect resistance to insecticides develop from a scientific curiosity to an immense practical problem that threatens man's ability to control not only the insect pests of agriculture but also the insect vectors that transmit major human and animal diseases. The spread of genes for cross and multiple resistance among insect pests has rendered most of our present insecticides obsolescent and very few novel insecticides are under development as substitutes. The most feasible strategy to maintain adequate control of insect pests is integrated pest management or I P M, in which insecticide management is a useful component. However, much of our present planning for the future of insect control is carried out in ignorance of past failures. We must learn from the past if we are to retain the use of chemical insecticides as a viable component of IPM.
Encoding standards for large text resources (1994)

The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) is an international project established in 1988 to develop guidelines for the preparation and interchange of electronic texts for research, and to satisfy a broad range of uses by the language industries more generally. The need for standardized encoding practices has become inxreasingly critical as the need to use and, most importantly, reuse vast amounts of electronic text has dramatically increased for both research and industry, in particular for natural language processing. In January 1994, the TEI issued its Guidelines for the Encoding and Interchange of Machine-Readable Texts, which provide standardized encoding conventions for a large range of text types and features relevant for a broad range of applications.
Calculation of transformer winding resonances by a specialized finite element method employing substructures (1988)

A method for the calculation of transformer winding resonances is derived which utilizes a specialized finite-element method to compute a 'dynamic' impedance matrix. By modeling the high-frequency leakage field and conductor eddy currents the major sources of internal damping are included. The impedance matrix can be integrated for conventional transient analysis programs based on an equivalent-circuit approach. A substructuring technique in combination with the highly regular winding geometry is used to reduce computational requirements in the finite-element solution. The method is verified by comparison with measurements. Damping causes a shift of resonant frequencies and determines resonant amplitudes. Both effects show up well in the numerical results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthetic Applications of Cyanotrimethylsilane, lodotrimethylsilane, Azidotrimethylsilane, and Methylthiotrimethylsilane (1980)

Recent developments in the preparation and reactions of cyano-, iodo-, azido-, and methylthiotrimethylsilane are discussed. The synthetic utility of these reagents is illustrated by examples. 1. Cyanotrimethylsilane 1.1. Preparation 1.2. Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes, Ketones, and Schiff Bases 1.3. Miscellaneous Reactions 2. Iodotrimethylsilane 2.1. Preparation 2.2. Cleavage of Esters 2.3. Cleavage of Carbamates 2.4. Cleavage of Ethers 2.5. Reactions with Alcohols 2.6. Miscellaneous Reactions 3. Azidotrimethylsilane 4. Methylthiotrimethylsilane 5. Conclusions
Simple bounds on serial signature analysis aliasing for random testing (1992)

It is shown that the aliasing probability is bounded above by (1+ epsilon )/L approximately=1/L ( epsilon small for large L) for test lengths L less than the period, L/sub c/, of the signature polynomial; for test lengths L that are multiples of L/sub c/, the aliasing probability is bounded above by 1; for test lengths L greater than L/sub c/ and not a multiple of L/sub c/, the aliasing probability is bounded above by 2/(L/sub c/+1). These simple bounds avoid any exponential complexity associated with the exact computation of the aliasing probability. Simple bounds also apply to signature analysis based on any linear finite state machine (including linear cellular automaton). From these simple bounds it follows that the aliasing probability in a signature analysis design using beta intermediate signatures is bounded by ((1+ epsilon )/sup beta / beta /sup beta /)/L/sup beta /, for beta <L and L/ beta <L/sub c/. By using intermediate signatures the aliasing probability can be substantially reduced.<<ETX>>
Preparation and Properties of Styrenyl-Substituted Organosilicon Compounds (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Properties of Styrenyl-Substituted Organosilicon CompoundsDANIEL W. LEWISCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 12, 1893–1895Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01106a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01106a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The role of peripheral vision in saccade planning: Learning from people with tunnel vision (2008)

Both visually salient and top-down information are important in eye movement control, but their relative roles in the planning of daily saccades are unclear. We investigated the effect of peripheral vision loss on saccadic behaviors in patients with tunnel vision (visual field diameters 7 degrees-16 degrees) in visual search and real-world walking experiments. The patients made up to two saccades per second to their pre-saccadic blind areas, about half of which had no overlap between the post- and pre-saccadic views. In the visual search experiment, visual field size and the background (blank or picture) did not affect the saccade sizes and direction of patients (n = 9). In the walking experiment, the patients (n = 5) and normal controls (n = 3) had similar distributions of saccade sizes and directions. These findings might provide a clue about the large extent of the top-down mechanism influence on eye movement control.
Back to the roots (2012)

The query-performance prediction task is estimating the effectiveness of a search performed in response to a query when no relevance judgments are available. Although there exist many effective prediction methods, these differ substantially in their basic principles, and rely on diverse hypotheses about the characteristics of effective retrieval. We present a novel fundamental probabilistic prediction framework. Using the framework, we derive and explain various previously proposed prediction methods that might seem completely different, but turn out to share the same formal basis. The derivations provide new perspectives on several predictors (e.g., Clarity). The framework is also used to devise new prediction approaches that outperform the state-of-the-art.
Demagnetizing Field in Micromagnetic Simulation Under Periodic Boundary Conditions (2010)

The demagnetizing field in a micromagnetic simulation is studied under periodic boundary conditions. To evaluate the influence of the periodic structure, macroscopic demagnetizing factors are defined. A large demagnetizing field yields a linear magnetization where the susceptibility is given by the inverse of the macroscopic demagnetizing factor. The shape anisotropy induces rectangular hysteresis loops for which the coercive force is evaluated by the macroscopic demagnetizing factors.
Metastable ion characteristics. XXIV. Application of collisional activation spectra to the elucidation of organic ion structures (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetastable ion characteristics. XXIV. Application of collisional activation spectra to the elucidation of organic ion structuresF. W. McLafferty, Richard. Kornfeld, W. F. Haddon, Karsten. Levsen, Ikuo. Sakai, P. F. Bente, Shih-Chuan. Tsai, and H. D. R. SchuddemageCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 12, 3886–3892Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00793a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00793a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations217LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Highly efficient oxidation of alkanes and alkyl alcohols with heteroaromatic N-oxides catalyzed by ruthenium porphyrins (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly efficient oxidation of alkanes and alkyl alcohols with heteroaromatic N-oxides catalyzed by ruthenium porphyrinsHiro Ohtake, Tsunehiko Higuchi, and Masaaki HirobeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 26, 10660–10662Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00052a086https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00052a086research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1089Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Disentangling Monocular 3D Object Detection (2019)

In this paper we propose an approach for monocular 3D object detection from a single RGB image, which leverages a novel disentangling transformation for 2D and 3D detection losses and a novel, self-supervised confidence score for 3D bounding boxes. Our proposed loss disentanglement has the twofold advantage of simplifying the training dynamics in the presence of losses with complex interactions of parameters, and sidestepping the issue of balancing independent regression terms. Our solution overcomes these issues by isolating the contribution made by groups of parameters to a given loss, without changing its nature. We further apply loss disentanglement to another novel, signed Intersection-over-Union criterion-driven loss for improving 2D detection results. Besides our methodological innovations, we critically review the AP metric used in KITTI3D, which emerged as the most important dataset for comparing 3D detection results. We identify and resolve a flaw in the 11-point interpolated AP metric, affecting all previously published detection results and particularly biases the results of monocular 3D detection. We provide extensive experimental evaluations and ablation studies and set a new state-of-the-art on the KITTI3D Car class.
Invited: The Potential of Electron Beam Technology for Microfabrication (1977)

Applications of scanning electron beam lithographic systems to the fabrication of LSI circuits have been discussed. A brief description of the key components of such systems is given, together with comments on the different options available in these components. As an example of the evaluation of electron beam systems, the performance of V.S.I.1), an automated vector scan electron beam system has been discussed. In particular, the through-put and examples of experimental devices fabricated by the system are presented.
Deep Convolutional Level Set Method for Image Segmentation (2017)

Level Set Method is a popular method for image segmentation. One of the problems in Level Set Method is finding the right initial surface parameter, which implicitly affects the curve evolution and ultimately the segmentation result. By setting the initial curve too far away from the target object, Level Set Method could potentially miss the target altogether, whereas by setting the initial curve as general as possible "“ i.e. capturing the whole image "“ makes Level Set Method susceptible to noise. Recently, deep-learning methods, especially Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), have been proven to achieve state-of-the-art performance in many computer vision tasks such as image classification and detection. In this paper, a new method is proposed, called Deep Convolutional Level Set Method (DCLSM). The idea is to use the CNN object detector as a prior for Level Set Method segmentation. Using DCLSM it is possible to significantly improve the segmentation accuracy and precision of the classic Level Set Method. It was also found that the prior used in the proposed method is the lower and upper bound for DCLSM's precision and recall, respectively.