gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Cationic PLA-PEG Nanoparticles for Delivery of Plasmid DNA (2009)

The purpose of the present work was to formulate and evaluate cationic poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) nanoparticles as novel non-viral gene delivery nano-device. Cationic PLA-PEG nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation method. The gene loaded nanoparticles were obtained by incubating the report gene pEGFP with cationic PLA-PEG nanoparticles. The physicochemical properties (e.g., morphology, particle size, surface charge, DNA binding efficiency) and biological properties (e.g., integrity of the released DNA, protection from nuclease degradation, plasma stability, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vitro transfection ability in Hela cells) of the gene loaded PLA-PEG nanoparticles were evaluated, respectively. The obtained cationic PLA-PEG nanoparticles and gene loaded nanoparticles were both spherical in shape with average particle size of 89.7 and 128.9 nm, polydispersity index of 0.185 and 0.161, zeta potentials of +28.9 and +16.8 mV, respectively. The obtained cationic PLA-PEG nanoparticles with high binding efficiency (>95%) could protect the loaded DNA from the degradation by nuclease and plasma. The nanoparticles displayed sustained-release properties in vitro and the released DNA maintained its structural and functional integrity. It also showed lower cytotoxicity than Lipofectamine 2000 and could successfully transfect gene into Hela cells even in presence of serum. It could be concluded that the established gene loaded cationic PLA-PEG nanoparticles with excellent properties were promising non-viral nano-device, which had potential to make cancer gene therapy achievable.
Volatile organic compounds generated by cultures of bacteria and viruses associated with respiratory infections (2015)

Respiratory infections (RI) can be viral or bacterial in origin. In either case, the invasion of the pathogen results in production and release of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The present study examines the VOCs released from cultures of five viruses (influenza A, influenza B, adenovirus, respiratory syncitial virus and parainfluenza 1 virus), three bacteria (Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae and Legionella pneumophila) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated colonies. Our results demonstrate the involvement of inflammation-induced VOCs. Two significant VOCs were identified as associated with infectious bacterial activity, heptane and methylcyclohexane. These two VOCs have been linked in previous studies to oxidative stress effects. In order to distinguish between bacterial and viral positive cultures, we performed principal component analysis including peak identity (retention time) and VOC concentration (i.e. area under the peak) revealing 1-hexanol and 1-heptadecene to be good predictors.
Protection against antigenically variable Borrelia burgdorferi conferred by recombinant vaccines. (1993)

Due to local variation in the antigenicity of the agent of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), a vaccine derived from any one isolate of this spirochete may fail to protect against the heterogeneous population of organisms that may be present in an enzootic focus. Accordingly, we determined whether antigenically variable spirochetes delivered by naturally infected ticks, collected from a site where transmission is intense, may fail to infect mice actively immunized with recombinant glutathione transferase outer surface fusion proteins A or B (OspA and OspB). Virtually all mice vaccinated by either immunogen appeared not to become infected, as determined by culture or histopathology of their tissues. We conclude that Osp vaccination of mice effectively prevents infection by the agent of Lyme disease in a simulated natural cycle of transmission.
Stress-induced azimuthal anisotropy in borehole flexural waves (1996)

Abstract A nonlinear elastic model for acoustic waves in a stressed medium is used to calculate tectonic stress-induced changes in borehole flexural dispersions. Our theoretical analysis shows that a horizontal uniaxial stress in the formation causes a crossover in flexural dispersions for the radial polarization aligned parallel and normal to the stress direction. This crossover in flexural dispersions is caused by stress-induced radial heterogeneities in acoustic wave velocities that are different in the two principal stress directions. Other sources of borehole flexural anisotropy caused by finely layered dipping beds, aligned fractures, or microstructures found in shales, exhibit neither such radial heterogeneities nor flexural dispersion crossovers. Consequently, a crossover in flexural dispersion can be used as an indicator of stress-induced anistropy. In this situation, the fast shear polarization direction coincides with the far-field uniaxial stress direction. The analysis also yields an expression for the largest shear stress parameter in terms of the fast and slow seismic shear-wave velocities with shear polarization parallel and perpendicular to the far-field stress direction.
First-Principles Studies of Paramagnetic Vivianite Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·8H<sub>2</sub>O Surfaces (2014)

Using density-functional theory, we have computed the structural and electronic properties of paramagnetic vivianite crystal Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O and its (010)-(1 × 1) and (100)-(1 × 1) surfaces. The properties of bulk vivianite are studied with a set of functionals: HSE06, PBE, AM05, PBEsol, and PBE with on-site Coulomb repulsions corrections (PBE+U). The appropriate U parameter is estimated by considering the HSE06 results, and it is used to study the vivianite surfaces. The computed surface energy predicts the (010) surface to be the most stable. The less stable (100) surface is observed to have important reconstructions with the spontaneous formation of a water molecule at the surface and two hydroxide hydrate anions per unit cell. Using thermodynamical considerations within DFT, we have calculated the phase diagram of the (010) surface in equilibrium with hydrogen gas. The results suggest that under ultralow hydrogen pressure, the (010) surface with two hydrogen vacancies is stable. The electronic structure calculations for the surfaces are complemented with the computed scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images for constant-current mode. The topology is dominated by the surface Fe-3d states that protrude into the vacuum.
Recursos medicinais de espécies do Cerrado de Mato Grosso: um estudo bibliográfico (2003)

A flora do Cerrado é de enorme riqueza, mas somente 1,5% de sua extensão é protegida por lei. Em vista disto, é preciso valorizar os recursos que ela oferece e que estão sob forte pressão de extinção, como as espécies medicinais. Assim, o presente estudo faz uma revisão bibliográfica aprofundada de trabalhos que indiquem as informações das espécies medicinais do cerrado mato-grossense, com intuito de se estabelecer uma base de dados regionais e, conseqüentemente, iniciar uma discussão em nível nacional. A revisão da flora medicinal constatou o total de 509 espécies, distribuídas em 297 gêneros e 96 famílias. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Asteraceae e Fabaceae (7% das espécies) e os gêneros foram Hyptis e Tabebuia (oito espécies). As espécies com maior número de citações bibliográficas foram Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville e Anemopaegma arvense (Vell.) Stelf. O predomínio foi de espécies arbóreas (31%). Os valores relatados superaram, em muito, estimativas anteriores e, em vista das áreas que ainda não foram cobertas por pesquisas mato-grossenses, acredita-se que o presente resultado poderá ser significativamente ampliado no futuro.
THE WASHINGTON METRO AUTOMATIC TRAIN SUPERVISION SYSTEM (1973)

The Washington Metro will be operated as a fully automated rapid transit system. Normal system operation will be controlled by the Automatic Train Control System which is comprised of the Automatic Train Protection, Operation and Supervision subsystems. This paper is divided into two parts: Part I provides an overview of system operation, including the role played by each of the subsystems in providing control of train separation and train speed, route security, control of acceleration and station stopping, and maintenance of schedules through computer-directed performance level and dwell adjustments. Part II provides a detailed description of the Automatic Train Supervision system and the methods employed by the computer software to exercise supervisory control of the system. The major programs and the software-hardware interface which provide the supervisory functions for train and terminal operations are described. A discussion of the strategies employed during major service disruptions closes the paper.
A type-based compiler for standard ML (1995)

Compile-time type information should be valuable in efficient compilation of statically typed functional languages such as Standard ML. But how should type-directed compilation work in real compilers, and how much performance gain will type-based optimizations yield? In order to support more efficient data representations and gain more experience about type-directed compilation, we have implemented a new type-based middle end and back end for the Standard ML of New Jersey compiler. We describe the basic design of the new compiler, identify a number of practical issues, and then compare the performance of our new compiler with the old non-type-based compiler. Our measurement shows that a combination of several simple type-based optimizations reduces heap allocation by 36%; and improves the already-efficient code generated by the old non-type-based compiler by about 19% on a DECstation 500.
The Kinetics of the Absorption and Desorption of Single Ions by Keratin Fibers (1961)

Rates of absorption, desorption, and exchange of both cation and anion by hair in Na 2 SO 4 solutions have been measured using a radioactive tracer technique. These are compared with results obtained previously using alkali halides, Na 2 SO 4 and H 2 SO 4 .
An automated technique for risk-based test case generation and prioritization (2008)

In practice, available testing budgets limit the number of test cases that can be executed. Thus, a representative subset of all possible test cases must be chosen to guarantee adequate coverage of a test object. In risk-based testing, the probability of a fault and the damage that this fault can cause when leading to a failure is considered for test case prioritization. Existing approaches for risk-based testing provide guidelines for deriving test cases. However, those guidelines lack the level of detail and precision needed for automation. In this contribution, we introduce the risk-based testing technique RiteDAP, which automatically generates system test cases from activity diagrams and prioritizes those test cases based on risk. The results of applying the technique to a practical example are presented and the ability of different prioritization strategies to uncover faults is evaluated.
Changes in signalling molecule levels in 10‐day hindlimb immobilized rat muscles (2005)

Taken together, these results are interpreted to suggest that some of regulatory processes or kinetics in the atrophy of type I and II muscle fibres during limb immobilization may differ at the 10th day of limb immobilization.
An Affective Model of Action Selection for Virtual Humans (2005)

The goal of our work aims at implementing progressively an action selection affective model for virtual humans that should be in the end autonomous, adaptive and sociable. Affect, traditionallydistinguished from "cold" cognition, regroups emotions and motivations which are highly intertwined.We present a bottom-up approach by implementing first a motivational model of action selection to obtain motivationally autonomous virtual humans. For the adaptability of virtual humans and completeness of our affective model of action selection, we will define the interactions between motivations and emotions in order to integrate an emotional layer. In order to understand how they affect decision making in virtual humans, the motivations should represent more quantitative aspect of the decision making whereas emotions should be more qualitative one.
Effects of soft segments and hydrolysis on the crystallization behavior of degradable poly(oxyethylene)/poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide) block copolymers (1994)

Abstract The crystallization behavior of poly(oxyethylene) (PEG)/poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) block copolymers with PEG (number‐average molecular weights M n = 1000–6000) contents ≦ 18,3 wt.‐% has been studied under different isothermal temperature and linear cooling conditions. A differential scanning calorimeter was used to monitor the energetics of the crystallization process from the melt state. The influence of copolymer composition and hydrolysis on radial growth rates of spherulites, G , in PEG/PLLA copolymer was investigated using polarized light video‐microscopy. The data were analyzed in terms of a model describing two processes, namely crystal nucleation and growth which were observed experimentally in a typical Avrami plot for the isothermal data. At a given crystallization temperature, G 's are increased with increasing PEG content and with decreasing PEG segment length in PEG/PLLA copolymer spherulites. The Avrami exponent n and rate coefficient k of PEG/PLLA copolymers decrease with increasing hydrolysis time up to 200 h. The spherulite morphology appeared to be a complex function of copolymer composition, hydrolysis time and crystallization temperature.
Performance and Optimal Technique for Pharyngeal Impedance Recording: A Simulated Pharyngeal Reflux Study (2007)

Impedance sensors can detect as small a volume as 0.1 mL and combined with a pH sensor can detect acidic and nonacidic liquid and mist reflux events. Sensor placement at the proximal margin of the UES yields the highest detection rate irrespective of subject posture compared to placement 2 cm proximally. Depending on the volume of refluxate and location of the impedance sensor, a substantial minority of simulated reflux events can be missed.
Establishment of six human pancreatic cancer cell lines and their sensitivities to anti-tumor drugs. (1986)

Six human pancreatic cancer cell lines PK-1, -8, -9, -12, -14 and -16, were established. They originated from either primary pancreatic cancer biopsy or liver metastasis biopsy, or xenografts of these biopsy specimens in athymic nude mice. The primary tumors were all well differentiated adenocarcinomas of pancreatic duct origin. The six established PK cell lines were all CEA positive and had tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice. Morphology of the xenografted tumors was closely similar to that of the original tumor. PK cells grew slowly with the doubling time of 41.3 to 82 hr and showed aneuploid chromosome pattern. High levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were found in each cell extract. Trypsin was not detected in cell extracts except PK-8 and PK-9. In chemosensitivity test, all of PK cell lines were sensitive to aclacinomycin A (ACM), and PK-1 and PK-8 were sensitive to 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) at concentrations of 0.02 microgram/ml, ACM and 1 microgram/ml, 5-Fu, when the drugs were used for over 48 hr. At higher concentrations, they showed time independent sensitivity to mitomycin C (MMC). PK-9 was resistant to 5-Fu and MMC.
Thermal Control and Enhancement of Heat Transport Capacity of Two-Phase Loops With Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping (2000)

There are three kinds of electrohydrodynamics (EHD) pumping based on Coulomb force: induction pumping, ion-drag pumping, and pure conduction pumping. EHD induction pumping relies on the generation of induced charges. This charge induction in the presence of an electric field takes place due to a non-uniformity in the electrical conductivity of the fluid which can be caused by a non-uniform temperature distribution and/or an inhomogeneity of the fluid (e.g. a two-phase fluid). Therefore, induction pumping cannot be utilized in an isothermal homogeneous liquid. In order to generate Coulomb force, a space charge must be generated. There are two main mechanisms for generating a space charge in an isothermal liquid. The first one is associated with the ion injection at a metal/liquid interface and the related pumping is referred to as ion-drag pumping. Ion-drag pumping is not desirable because it can deteriorate the electrical properties of the working fluid. The second space charge generation mechanism is associated with the heterocharge layers of finite thickness in the vicinity of the electrodes. Heterocharge layers result from dissociation of the neutral electrolytic species and recombination of the generated ions. This type of pumping is referred to as pure conduction pumping. This project investigates the EHD pumping through pure conduction phenomenon. Very limited work has been conducted in this field and the majority of the published papers in this area have mistakenly assumed that the electrostriction force was responsible for the net flow generated in an isothermal liquid. The main motivation behind this study is to investigate an EHD conduction pump for a two-phase loop to be operated in the microgravity environment. The pump is installed in the liquid return passage (isothermal liquid) from the condenser section to the evaporator section. Unique high voltage and ground electrodes have been designed that generate sufficient pressure heads with very low electric power requirements making the EHD conduction pumping attractive to applications such as two-phase systems (e.g. capillary pumped loops and heat pipes). Currently, the EHD conduction pump performance is being tested on a two-phase loop under various operating conditions in the laboratory environment. The simple non-mechanical and lightweight design of the EHD pump combined with the rapid control of performance by varying the applied electric field, low power consumption, and reliability offer significant advantages over other pumping mechanisms; particularly in reduced gravity applications.
Probing the Lower Size Limit for Protein-Like Fold Stability: Ten-Residue Microproteins With Specific, Rigid Structures in Water (2008)

Mutational optimization of two long-range interactions first observed in Ac-WINGKWT-NH2, (a) bifurcated H-bonding involving the threonine amide H(N) and side chain OH and the N-terminal acetyl carbonyl and (b) an H-bond between the entgegen-H(N) of the C-terminal amide and the indole ring of Trp6 that stabilizes a face-to-edge indole/indole interaction between Trp1 and Trp6, has afforded < or = 10 residue systems that yield a remarkably stable fold in water. Optimization was achieved by designing a hydrophobic cluster that sequesters these H-bonds from solvent exposure. The structures and extent of amide H/D exchange protection for CH3CH2CO-WI pGXWTGPS (p = D-Pro, X = Leu or Ile) were determined. These two systems are greater than 94% folded at 298 K (97.5% at 280 K) with melting temperatures > 75 degrees C. The fold appears to display minimal fluxionality; a well-converged NMR structure rationalizes all of the large structuring shifts observed, and we suggest that these designed constructs can be viewed as microproteins.
Popular Physiological Trait Based Biometric Authentication Systems (2022)

Biometric systems are mostly preferred by different fields because of their higher security features. In past, passwords were used to identify and validate the genuine users. However, it was not preferred because these can be easily accessed by the third party. Hence, consequently it increases the frequency of fraudulent and breach incidents. In contrast to this, biometric systems provide full authentication of an individual based on their physiological traits and modalities that are used as input to biometric system. The paper presents a review that is mainly focused upon the four physiological modalities; face recognition, fingerprints recognition, iris recognition, and retina scan. In the knowledge of existing challenges the paper illustrates the different studies presented by research community in the similar field. A comparative analysis of physiological modalities is presented in the paper that shows the rising popularity of deep learning techniques in the biometric design.
A SIMPLE DEVICE FOR TRACE GAS ANALYSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE (1983)

A device, composed of a thermal light source and an acoustically decoupled photoacoustic non-resonant cell which allows the detection of atmospheric trace gases is described.
An adaptive contrast method for segmentation of drusen (2002)

The goal of this article is the segmentation of angiographic eye fundus images in order to extract "drusen", yellowish deposits at the retina level. Since classical segmentation methods are not efficient for the automatic extraction of drusen, we introduce a new adaptive approach. We give an adaptive algorithm based on mathematical morphology transforms. For the "maxima h-/spl infin/" transform, we propose an automatic definition of the contrast parameter h. We also introduce an approach with a non-constant function, h(x). The result highlights the bright blobs over an uniform background. Our method gives very satisfying results on typical images.
Cryogenic hydrogen storage and refueling for automobiles (1979)

Abstract A short report is given on the design and test of a semi-automatic liquid hydrogen refueling station for automobiles. The total refueling time for tanks in operation with a capacity between 120 and 150 l. is about 5 min. without previous precautions. Handling and convenience of the refueling unit is comparable to that of self-service gas stations. No expensive parts or elements are necessary. This refueling unit, designed and constructed only for the purpose of demonstration of liquid hydrogen handling by untrained people, represents a basis for corresponding industrial developments.
Disruption of genes encoding subunits of yeast vacuolar H(+)-ATPase causes conditional lethality. (1990)

The main function of vacuolar H(+)-ATPases in eukaryotic cells is to generate proton and electrochemical gradients across the membranes of the vacuolar system. The enzyme is composed of a catalytic sector with five subunits (A-E) and a membrane sector containing at least two subunits (a and c). We disrupted two genes of this enzyme, in yeast cells, one encoding a subunit of the membrane sector (subunit c) and another encoding a subunit of the catalytic sector (subunit B). The resulting mutants did not grow in medium with a pH value higher than 6.5 and grew well only within a narrow pH range around 5.5. Transformation of the mutants with plasmids containing the corresponding genes repaired the mutations. Thus failure to lower the pH in the vacuolar system of yeast, and probably other eukaryotic cells, is lethal and the mutants may survive only if a low external pH allows for this acidification by fluid-phase endocytosis.
Targeting Carnitine Biosynthesis: Discovery of New Inhibitors against γ-Butyrobetaine Hydroxylase (2014)

γ-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) catalyzes the conversion of gamma butyrobetaine (GBB) to l-carnitine, which is involved in the generation of metabolic energy from long-chain fatty acids. BBOX inhibitor 3-(1,1,1-trimethylhydrazin-1-ium-2-yl)propanoate (mildronate), which is an approved, clinically used cardioprotective drug, is a relatively poor BBOX inhibitor and requires high daily doses. In this paper we describe the design, synthesis, and properties of 51 compounds, which include both GBB and mildronate analogues. We have discovered novel BBOX inhibitors with improved IC50 values; the best examples are in the nanomolar range and about 2 orders of magnitude better when compared to mildronate. For six inhibitors, crystal structures in complex with BBOX have been solved to explain their activities and pave the way for further inhibitor design.