gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Component‐wise Controllers for Structure‐Preserving Shape Manipulation (2011)

Abstract Recent shape editing techniques, especially for man‐made models, have gradually shifted focus from maintaining local, low‐level geometric features to preserving structural, high‐level characteristics like symmetry and parallelism. Such new editing goals typically require a pre‐processing shape analysis step to enable subsequent shape editing. Observing that most editing of shapes involves manipulating their constituent components, we introduce component‐wise controllers that are adapted to the component characteristics inferred from shape analysis. The controllers capture the natural degrees of freedom of individual components and thus provide an intuitive user interface for editing. A typical model usually results in a moderate number of controllers, allowing easy establishment of semantic relations among them by automatic shape analysis supplemented with user interaction. We propose a component‐wise propagation algorithm to automatically preserve the established inter‐relations while maintaining the defining characteristics of individual controllers and respecting the user‐specified modeling constraints. We extend these ideas to a hierarchical setup, allowing the user to adjust the tool complexity with respect to the desired modeling complexity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique on a wide range of man‐made models with structural features, often containing multiple connected pieces.
CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cell Proliferation in Response to GAD and Proinsulin in Healthy, Pre‐diabetic, and Diabetic Donors (2004)

The ability to measure proliferation of autoantigen-specific T cells is critical for the evaluation of cellular immune function. Using a novel, sensitive, CFSE-based assay, we were able to directly quantitate autoantigen-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation. However, peripheral blood cells from healthy, pre-diabetic and diabetic donors exhibited overlap in responses to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and proinsulin (PI). This indicates that autoantigen-induced CD4(+) T cell proliferation in a functionally complex cell population may not discriminate disease in the general population. Clear discrimination was found between diabetic and healthy sibs, suggesting the need to standardize the genetic and environmental background. In addition, the ability of the CFSE assay to allow analysis of the phenotype and function of autoantigen-responsive T cells may improve discrimination.
Neuronal accumulation of poly(ADP‐ribose) after brain ischaemia (1999)

Animal and in vitro studies suggest that overactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in response to oxidative DNA damage makes a substantial contribution to cell death after brain ischaemia. We have recently shown that global brain ischaemia due to cardiac arrest in man induces a rapid increase in the amount of neuronal and glial PARP that can be detected by immunohistochemistry. In the present study we sought evidence of a corresponding increase in the amount of poly(ADP-ribose) within the brain, as this would confirm PARP activation and imply resulting consumption of NAD+. We also studied the distribution of poly(ADP-ribose) accumulation in relation to morphological evidence of ischaemic damage, and used double immunolabelling to investigate the types of cell that were affected. We found that global brain ischaemia did cause accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose), particularly during the first 2 days after cardiac arrest. The distribution of cells with accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) corresponded in general to regions of ischaemic damage or immediately adjacent neocortex. Double immunolabelling for poly(ADP-ribose) and MAP2 showed many of the cells with poly(ADP-ribose) accumulation to be neurons. Our findings are in keeping with experimental evidence of a role for PARP in post-ischaemic necrosis and of the potential for reducing ischaemic brain damage by the use of PARP inhibitors.
Tenascin-R (J1 160/180) inhibits fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion-functional relatedness to tenascin-C (1994)

Cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth on fibronectin is a multistep process modulated by different extra- and intracellular signals. Fibronectin-mediated cell attachment and spreading can be affected in a negative way by tenascin-C, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein expressed in a temporally and spacially restricted manner during early morphogenesis. Tenascin-R (J1-160/180), consisting of two major isoforms of 160 kDa (tenascin-R 160) and 180 kDa (tenascin-R 180) in mammals, is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein of the central nervous system that shares high structural homologies with tenascin-C. Here we show that in relation to fibronectin-mediated adhesion, the two extracellular matrix molecules are also functionally closely related. When offered as mixed substrata with other extracellular matrix molecules, the two tenascin-R isoforms and tenascin-C derived from mouse brain selectively inhibit fibronectin-dependent cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth, and affect cell morphology of different mesenchymal and neural cells. This effect is partially due to interactions at the substrate level that result in a steric hindrance and/or conformational change of the cell binding sites of the fibronectin molecule. In addition, tenascin-R 180 and tenascin-C interact with cells by an RGD- and beta 1 integrin-independent mechanism, leading to cell rounding and detachment from such substrata. The expression of tenascin-R and tenascin-C in the nervous system at times and locations where fibronectin-mediated cellular processes take place may be related to the role of inhibitory signals in the extracellular matrix in the regulation of cell migration and differentiation in general.
Limiting factors of join performance on parallel processors (2003)

The effectiveness of parallel processing of relational join operations is examined. The skew in the distribution of join attribute values and the stochastic nature of the task processing times are identified as the major factors that can affect the effective utilization of parallelism. When many small processors are used in the parallel architecture, the skew can result in some processors becoming sources of bottleneck while other processors are being under utilized. Even in the absence of skew, the variations in the processing times of the parallel tasks belonging to a query can lead to high task synchronization delay and impact the maximum speedup achievable through parallel execution. Analytic expressions for join execution time are developed for different task time distributions with or without skew.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Situ X‐Ray Radiography and Tomography Observations of the Solidification of Aqueous Alumina Particle Suspensions—Part I: Initial Instants (2009)

This paper investigates by in situ high‐resolution X‐ray radiography and tomography the behavior of colloidal suspensions of alumina partic les during directional solidification by freezing. The combination of these techniques provided both qualitative and quantitative information about the propagation kinetic of the solid/liquid interface, the particle redistribution between the crystals and a particle‐enriched phase, and the three‐dimensional organization of the ice crystals. In this first part of two companion papers, the precursor phenomena leading to directional crystallization during the first instants of solidification are studied. Mullins–Sekerka instabilities are not necessary to explain the dynamic evolution of the interface pattern. Particle redistribution during these first instants is dependent on the type of crystals growing into the suspension. The insights gained into the mechanisms of solidification of colloidal suspensions may be valuable for the materials processing routes derived for this type of directional solidification (freeze‐casting), and of general interest for those interested in the interactions between solidification fronts and inert particles.
Flash-Pumped Titanium Laser (1989)

Development of the titanium: sapphire laser(1) has mainly been confined to laser pumping, because of its short (3.2μsec) spontaneous emission lifetime. Esterowitz, et.al., (2) reported successful flashlamp pumping of Ti:Al2O3, with efficiency enhanced by using a dye surrounding the laser rod to convert near UV light from the flashlamp into blue-green fluorescence overlapping the titanium absorption band. The present work described successful attempts to substantially increase the flashlamp pumped efficiency, and to better characterize flashlamp pumped behavior. In preliminary results a slope efficiency of approximately 3×10−4 was obtained (2). Currently efficiencies approaching 1% are being realized.
An effective approach for injecting faults in wireless sensor network operating systems (2010)

This paper presents an effective approach for injecting faults/errors in WSN nodes operating systems. The approach is based on the injection of faults at the assembly level. Results show that depending on the concurrency model and on the memory management, the operating systems react to injected errors differently, indicating that fault containment strategies and hang-checking assertions should be implemented to avoid spreading and activations of errors.
Nanoscale Atoms in Solid-State Chemistry (2013)

We describe a solid-state material formed from binary assembly of atomically precise molecular clusters. [Co6Se8(PEt3)6][C60]2 and [Cr6Te8(PEt3)6][C60]2 assembled into a superatomic relative of the cadmium iodide (CdI2) structure type. These solid-state materials showed activated electronic transport with activation energies of 100 to 150 millielectron volts. The more reducing cluster Ni9Te6(PEt3)8 transferred more charge to the fullerene and formed a rock-salt-related structure. In this material, the constituent clusters are able to interact electronically to produce a magnetically ordered phase at low temperature, akin to atoms in a solid-state compound.
Joint Modeling of Event Sequence and Time Series with Attentional Twin Recurrent Neural Networks (2017)

A variety of real-world processes (over networks) produce sequences of data whose complex temporal dynamics need to be studied. More especially, the event timestamps can carry important information about the underlying network dynamics, which otherwise are not available from the time-series evenly sampled from continuous signals. Moreover, in most complex processes, event sequences and evenly-sampled times series data can interact with each other, which renders joint modeling of those two sources of data necessary. To tackle the above problems, in this paper, we utilize the rich framework of (temporal) point processes to model event data and timely update its intensity function by the synergic twin Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). In the proposed architecture, the intensity function is synergistically modulated by one RNN with asynchronous events as input and another RNN with time series as input. Furthermore, to enhance the interpretability of the model, the attention mechanism for the neural point process is introduced. The whole model with event type and timestamp prediction output layers can be trained end-to-end and allows a black-box treatment for modeling the intensity. We substantiate the superiority of our model in synthetic data and three real-world benchmark datasets.
Network Partitioning and Ordering for MOS VLSI Circuits (1987)

This paper describes the algorithms used in a presimulation phase to partition an MOS digital network into various special subnetworks (or blocks) and to order these subnetworks for processing in a switch-level timing simulator such as MOSTIM [1]. A transistor-level SPICE2-type [3] description of the network is assumed to be provided. The key to the partitioning strategy is to divide the set of enhancement transistors into driver and pass transistors. The driver transistors are then grouped together in a de-connected sense to form multiple-input single-output combinatorial logic blocks, while the pass transistors are grouped together to form pass transistor blocks. A graph algorithm performs the partitioning step in computation time that is linear with the number of enhancement transistors. The partitioning step is an automatic process that is completely transparent to the user. The partitioned blocks are then ordered for simulation such that, whenever possible, a block is scheduled for processing only after all its input waveforms are known. A clear and precise notion of feedback among the various blocks in the partitioned network is introduced, and a distinction is made between feedback among different blocks and feedback internal to a block. It is shown that a good ordering for processing the blocks in a network is possible only in the absence of any form of feedback among the blocks. In case of a partitioned network with feedback, a linear time algorithm is presented that detects the strongly connected blocks, which are then flagged for simulation using special dynamic windowing techniques [4]. The strongly connected components are then topologically ordered for simulation.
Assessing Directed Evolution Methods for the Generation of Biosynthetic Enzymes with Potential in Drug Biosynthesis (2011)

To address the synthesis of increasingly structurally diverse small-molecule drugs, methods for the generation of efficient and selective biological catalysts are becoming increasingly important. 'Directed evolution' is an umbrella term referring to a variety of methods for improving or altering the function of enzymes using a nature-inspired twofold strategy of mutagenesis followed by selection. This article provides an objective assessment of the effectiveness of directed evolution campaigns in generating enzymes with improved catalytic parameters for new substrates from the last decade, excluding studies that aimed to select for only improved physical properties and those that lack kinetic characterization. An analysis of the trends of methodologies and their success rates from 81 qualifying examples in the literature reveals the average fold improvement for k (cat) (or V (max)), K (m) and k (cat)/K (m) to be 366-, 12- and 2548-fold, respectively, whereas the median fold improvements are 5.4, 3 and 15.6. Further analysis by enzyme class, library-generation methodology and screening methodology explores relationships between successful campaigns and the methodologies employed.
Polymer chemistry: an introduction (1999)

PART I: Polymer Structure and Properties: Basic principles Molecular weight and polymer solutions Chemical structure and polymer morphology Chemical structure and polymer properties Evaluation, characterization, and analysis of polymers PART II: Vinyl Polymers: Free radical vinyl polymerization Ionic and group transfer polymerization Vinyl polymerization with complex coordination catalysts Reactions of vinyl polymers PART III: Nonvinyl Polymers: Step-reaction and ring-opening polymerization Polyethers, polysulfides, and related polymers Polyesters Polyamides and related polymers Phenol-, urea-, and melamine-formaldehyde polymers Inorganic-organic polymers Miscellaneous organic polymers Natural polymers Appendix A: Commonly used polymer acronyms Appendix B: Polymer literature Appendix C: Sources of laboratory experiments in polymer chemistry.
A prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor, KYP‐2047, reduces α‐synuclein protein levels and aggregates in cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease (2012)

The results suggest that the PREP may play a role in brain accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein, while KYP-2047 seems to effectively prevent these processes.
Monoclonal antibodies with different specificities against cytokeratins. An immunohistochemical study of normal tissues and tumors. (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins, isolated from human callus, were prepared. Here we describe the characterization of three of these monoclonal antibodies (Clones 77, 78, and 80) with special emphasis on the staining characteristics of a number of normal epithelial tissues and a series of tumors. On thin sections and in immunoblotting experiments our monoclonal antibodies showed different specificities. In immunoblots Clone 80 stained more bands in preparations of cytokeratin from callus, cultured keratinocytes, and a metastasis of a lung carcinoma than Clones 77 and 78. In this last cytokeratin preparation Clones 77 and 78 each stained a separate band not stained by Clone 80. In normal tissues Clone 80 stained all types of epithelia except myoepithelium and podocytes of glomeruli. Clone 78 stained mainly squamous epithelium. Clone 77 stained differentiated squamous epithelium, transitional epithelium, ductal epithelium, and parenchymatous epithelium. These results confirm the heterogeneity of cytokeratins. In neoplasms Clone 77 was positive with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Clone 78 stained squamous cell carcinoma and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Clone 80 stained all epithelial tumors, including anaplastic carcinoma, and is therefore useful in tumor diagnosis.
Optical Absorption Spectra of Charge-Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from First-Principles Calculations (2009)

We calculated the optical absorption spectrum response of single-walled carbon nanotubes under charge doping by using density functional theory. We find that the spectrum responses can be generally divided into two categories: one is similar to those obtained from the graphene zone-folding and rigid-band model, while the other deviates from the expectation and shows several special features. Our analysis reveals that the doping type and curvature effects play the primary role. Finally, we argue that the present results will probably prevail in more elaborate methods and other similar nanotubes.
Half-life of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Xe</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>120</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math> (2006)

We have measured the half-life of $^{120}\mathrm{Xe}$ using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector to monitor the 176, 178, and 762 keV \ensuremath{\gamma} rays from $^{120}\mathrm{Xe}$ ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ decay. The result, 46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6 min, differs significantly from the value 40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 min reported by Andersson et al. [Ark. Fys. 28, 37 (1964)]. We have also measured the half-lives of $^{120}\mathrm{Cs}$ and $^{120}\mathrm{I}$ to be 60\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7 s and 82.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6 min, respectively, both of which are consistent with previous measurements.
Optimum blending gives best pool octane (1986)

Optimum blending of gasoline components can increase the pool octane by 0.1 to 0.5 numbers. To achieve the optimum octane blending scheme, accurate octane blending values must be obtained. These blending values can be developed from an interaction blending study or from generalized predicted interaction coefficients. Many refiners are blending in a non-optimum fashion so that there are some cheap octanes available for the taking by simply changing to an optimum blending scheme. A study of 1984 gasoline compositions indicated that many refiners were blending in a non-optimum fashion and that ''pool octane'' could have been increased almost 0.5 octane. The term pool octane usually refers to the weighted average octane of all of the gasoline components. It can be calculated by multiplying the octane of each component by its fraction of the pool and adding the results. If the components are blended into two or more grades, a second pool octane could be calculated by multiplying the octane of each grade, before any lead antiknock addition, by its fraction of the total pool. The second pool octane will differ from the first because the components do not blend linearly. The octane of a 50:50 blend of two components maymore » be higher or lower than the average of the octanes of the two components.« less
A Roman Will in Cappadocia: 1551 (2004)

Genes related to <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i>-induced inflammation were identified using the gene-fishing technology, an improved method for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using an annealing control primer (ACP) system in RAW264.7 cells. After treatment with <i>M. hyopneumo-niae</i>, 16 DEGs were expressed in RAW264.7 cells using a pre-screening system. Among these 16 DEGs, 11 DEGs (DEGs 1, 4, 5-10, 12-15) were selected and sequenced directly, revealing that DEG12 (Grap), DEG14 (Gadd45), and DEG15 (<i>secreted phosphoprotein 1</i>) were related to inflammatory cytokines. This is the first report that intact <i>M. hyopneumoniae</i> induces the expression of <i>Grap, Gadd 45β, and secreted phosphoprotein 1</i> in RAW264.7 cells. Subsequently, these genes may be targets for screening novel inhibitors of the mycoplasmal inflammatory response.
Flexible parametric proportional‐hazards and proportional‐odds models for censored survival data, with application to prognostic modelling and estimation of treatment effects (2002)

Modelling of censored survival data is almost always done by Cox proportional-hazards regression. However, use of parametric models for such data may have some advantages. For example, non-proportional hazards, a potential difficulty with Cox models, may sometimes be handled in a simple way, and visualization of the hazard function is much easier. Extensions of the Weibull and log-logistic models are proposed in which natural cubic splines are used to smooth the baseline log cumulative hazard and log cumulative odds of failure functions. Further extensions to allow non-proportional effects of some or all of the covariates are introduced. A hypothesis test of the appropriateness of the scale chosen for covariate effects (such as of treatment) is proposed. The new models are applied to two data sets in cancer. The results throw interesting light on the behaviour of both the hazard function and the hazard ratio over time. The tools described here may be a step towards providing greater insight into the natural history of the disease and into possible underlying causes of clinical events. We illustrate these aspects by using the two examples in cancer.