gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-Acyl Derivatives of 2-Acylamino-2-deoxyhexoses. The Rearrangement of 2-(N-Acetylbenzamido)-2-deoxy-D-glucose (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-Acyl Derivatives of 2-Acylamino-2-deoxyhexoses. The Rearrangement of 2-(N-Acetylbenzamido)-2-deoxy-D-glucoseThomas D. Inch and Hewitt G. Fletcher Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 6, 1821–1825Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01344a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01344a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct Observation of Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions in an Interacting Many-Body System (2017)

The theory of phase transitions represents a central concept for the characterization of equilibrium matter. In this work we study experimentally an extension of this theory to the nonequilibrium dynamical regime termed dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs). We investigate and measure DQPTs in a string of ions simulating interacting transverse-field Ising models. During the nonequilibrium dynamics induced by a quantum quench we show for strings of up to 10 ions the direct detection of DQPTs by revealing nonanalytic behavior in time. Moreover, we provide a link between DQPTs and the dynamics of other quantities such as the magnetization, and we establish a connection between DQPTs and entanglement production.
Height-field fluids for computer graphics (1991)

The author presents a novel method for animating water based on a simple, rapid, and stable solution of a set of partial differential equations resulting from an approximation to the shallow water equations. The approximation gives rise to a version of the wave equation on a height field where the wave velocity is proportional to the square root of the depth of the water. The resulting wave equation is then solved with an alternating-direction implicit method on a uniform finite-difference grid. The computational work required for an iteration consists mainly of solving a simple tridiagonal linear system for each row and column of the height field. A single iteration per frame suffices in most cases for convincing animation. Unlike previous models, the proposed method handles wave reflections, net transport of water, and boundary conditions with changing topology. >
The determination of geoid undulations and gravity anomalies from SEASAT altimeter data (1983)

The global SEASAT altimeter data set has been edited and adjusted using a crossing arc procedure fixing one long arc to provide control. In doing this a set of 168 master arcs were formed from repeat and near repeat arcs. The adjustment, carried out by D. Rowlands, was done in a global net, and four regional areas. The average crossover discrepancy before the adjustment was ±1.5 m, while after the adjustment (solving for a bias and trend) it was ±28 cm. The examination of the crossover discrepancies by area indicated larger than normal discrepancies in certain areas such as the Hudson Bay, the Mediterranean, and the North and Baltic seas. Some of these discrepancies are caused by invalid tide values applied to the altimeter data in these areas. The adjusted SEASAT sea surface heights were used to predict point values at 1° × 1° intersections in 10 different geographic regions for comparison with corresponding GEOS 3 values. A mean difference (GEOS 3 minus SEASAT) of 1.3±0.67 m was found, the mean difference being caused by different ellipsoid parameters. The adjusted data were also used to determine mean surface heights and gravity anomalies in 37,9051°×1°and 1178 5° equal‐area blocks with some of these values being on land. These estimations were done using least squares collocation using covariances functions scaled to each 5° region. The average predicted standard deviation of the 1°×1° anomalies was ±5.1 mGal, and ±2.7 mGal for the 5° blocks. SEASAT values were compared to the GEOS 3 values, finding a difference of ±7.8 mGal and ±0.87 m for the 1°×1° data, and ±2.2 mGal and ±0.76 m for the 5° data. Comparisons with terrestrial data showed no significant difference between the GEOS 3/SEASAT implied anomalies, although a number of significant discrepancies have been resolved with the SEASAT data.
Preparation and Properties of Stearic Acid–Acetanilide Eutectic Mixture/Expanded Graphite Composite Phase‐Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage (2017)

Abstract In this study, a series of binary mixtures of stearic acid (SA) and acetanilide (AA) at various mass fractions was prepared. A binary mixture of SA and AA with a ratio of 81.0:19.0 mol % is a eutectic mixture with a melting temperature of (342.45±0.25) K and a melting latent heat of (220.04±10.02) J g −1 . To improve the thermal properties of the SA–AA eutectic mixture to obtain a composite phase‐change material (CPCM) with a high thermal conductivity, large heat storage capacity, and good thermal stability and reliability for heat energy storage, expanded graphite (EG) at different mass fractions was added into the SA–AA eutectic mixture. The resulting material exhibited a remarkable energy storage capacity with a latent heat of 176.14 J g −1 . The thermal conductivity of the CPCM was enhanced by 14.5 times compared to that of the SA–AA eutectic mixture. The thermophysical properties of the SA–AA/EG CPCM after 100 accelerated thermal cycles were slightly decreased, which did not influence the heat storage. Thus, the prepared SA–AA/EG CPCM is a promising material for latent heat storage systems.
IV. The Role of the Occupational Health Nurse (1967)

(1967). IV. The Role of the Occupational Health Nurse. Journal of the Institute of Health Education: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 11-12.
AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL FOR LIQUID-COOLED FLIGHT SUITS. (1967)

An automatic control system for maintaining constancy of skin temperature (T sub s) has been shown to be feasible by using special sensors to detect changes in T sub s and proportional fluid amplifiers to regulate the temperature of water flowing through the tubing of a water-cooled undergarment. Tests have indicated the response of the system when T sub s increased due to exercise or to an external heat load. (Author)
Self-assembled monolayers of protonated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers on indium tin oxide (2008)

We have investigated the change of work function of indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes induced by adsorption of positively charged poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers. Kelvin probe characterization of the functionalized ITO films and electroabsorption measurements on polymer light-emitting diodes incorporating poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) active layers revealed an abrupt (0.55eV) lowering of the effective work function upon addition of the adsorbed layer and a weak dependence on the PAMAM generation. We interpret our results with an electrostatic model accounting for both positively charged amines and for possible contaminations providing compensating negative charges.
N-Acylation of sulfonamides using N-acylbenzotriazoles (2004)

Reactions of sulfonamides with readily available N-acylbenzotriazoles (RCOBt, where R is an aryl, heteroaryl, or N-Cbz-protected--amino(alkyl) group), in the presence of NaH, produced Nacylsulfonamides in 76-100% yields. The ability to utilize N-acylbenzotriazoles for which the corresponding acid chlorides are not easily prepared, may be especially advantageous.
Testing of a variable-stroke Stirling engine (1986)

Testing of a variable-stroke Stirling engine at NASA Lewis has been completed. In support of the DOE Stirling Engine Highway Vehicle Systems Program, the engine was tested for about 70 hours total with both He and H2 as working fluids over a range of pressures and strokes. A direct comparison was made of part-load efficiencies obtained with variable-stroke (VS) and variable-pressure operation. Two failures with the variable-angle swash-plate drive system limited testing to low power levels. These failures are not thought to be caused by problems inherent with the VS concept but do emphasize the need for careful design in the area of the crossheads.
Characterizing Large-Scale Production Reliability for 100G Optical Interconnect in Facebook Data Centers (2017)

Facebook is deploying cost effective 100G CWDM4 transceivers in data centers. This paper describes the post production performance monitoring system which is being implemented to identify optical interconnect early failure modes.
Lung-RADS Category 4X: Does It Improve Prediction of Malignancy in Subsolid Nodules? (2017)

Purpose To evaluate the added value of Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) assessment category 4X over categories 3, 4A, and 4B for differentiating between benign and malignant subsolid nodules (SSNs). Materials and Methods SSNs on all baseline computed tomographic (CT) scans from the National Lung Cancer Trial that would have been classified as Lung-RADS category 3 or higher were identified, resulting in 374 SSNs for analysis. An experienced screening radiologist volumetrically segmented all solid cores and located all malignant SSNs visible on baseline scans. Six experienced chest radiologists independently determined which nodules to upgrade to category 4X, a recently introduced category for lesions that demonstrate additional features or imaging findings that increase the suspicion of malignancy. Malignancy rates of purely size-based categories and category 4X were compared. Furthermore, the false-positive rates of category 4X lesions were calculated and observer variability was assessed by using Fleiss κ statistics. Results The observers upgraded 15%-24% of the SSNs to category 4X. The malignancy rate for 4X nodules varied from 46% to 57% per observer and was substantially higher than the malignancy rates of categories 3, 4A, and 4B SSNs without observer intervention (9%, 19%, and 23%, respectively). On average, the false-positive rate for category 4X nodules was 7% for category 3 SSNs, 7% for category 4A SSNs, and 19% for category 4B SSNs. Of the falsely upgraded benign lesions, on average 27% were transient. The agreement among the observers was moderate, with an average κ value of 0.535 (95% confidence interval: 0.509, 0.561). Conclusion The inclusion of a 4X assessment category for lesions suspicious for malignancy in a nodule management tool is of added value and results in high malignancy rates in the hands of experienced radiologists. Proof of the transient character of category 4X lesions at short-term follow-up could avoid unnecessary invasive management. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2017.
A novel cathode Li2CoMn3O8 for lithium ion batteries operating over 5 volts (1998)

The spinel phase, Li2CoMn3O8 , can be used as a cathode in secondary lithium batteries, Li/LiPF6 ,propylene carbonate/Li2CoMn3O8 , with a discharge capacity of ca. 40 mAh g–1 at 5.0 V increasing to ca. 130 mAh g–1 at 3.8 V. This appears to be the first single cell system to operate reversibly over 5 volts.
Nonlinear least-squares modeling of 3D interaction position in a monolithic scintillator block (2010)

This paper presents a study of possible models to describe the relation between the scintillation light point-of-origin and the measured photo detector pixel signals in monolithic scintillation crystals. From these models the X, Y and depth of interaction (DOI) coordinates can be estimated simultaneously by nonlinear least-square fitting. The method depends only on the information embedded in the signals of individual events, and therefore does not need any prior position training or calibration. Three possible distributions of the light sources were evaluated: an exact solid-angle-based distribution, an approximate solid-angle distribution and an extended approximate solid-angle-based distribution which includes internal reflection at side and bottom surfaces. The performance of the general model using these three distributions was studied using Monte Carlo simulated data of a 20 x 20 x 10 mm lutetium oxyorthosilicate (Lu₂SiO₅ or LSO) block read out by 2 Hamamatsu S8550 avalanche photo diode arrays. The approximate solid-angle-based model had the best compromise between resolution and simplicity. This model was also evaluated using experimental data by positioning a narrow 1.2 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) beam of 511 keV photons at known positions on the 20 x 20 x 10 mm LSO block. An average intrinsic resolution in the X-direction of 1.4 mm FWHM was obtained for positions covering the complete block. The intrinsic DOI resolution was estimated at 2.6 mm FWHM.
Dynamic adaptation of Hidden Markov models for robust isolated-word speech recognition (2003)

The authors describe an HMM-based isolated-word recognition system that dynamically adapts word model parameters to new speakers and to stress-induced speech variations. During recognition all input tokens presented to the system can be used to augment the current word model parameters. New tokens can be weighted so that adaptation simply increases the size of the training set, or tracks systematic changes by exponentially weighting all previously seen data. This system was tested on the 35-word 10710 token Lincoln stressed speech data base. Speaker adaptation experiments produced error rates equivalent to speaker-trained systems after the presentation of only a single new token per vocabulary word. Stress condition adaptation experiments produced results comparable to multistyle-trained systems after the presentation of several new tokens per vocabulary word.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Massively parallel multiplex DNA sequencing for specimen identification using an Illumina MiSeq platform (2015)

Genetic information is a valuable component of biosystematics, especially specimen identification through the use of species-specific DNA barcodes. Although many genomics applications have shifted to High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies, sample identification (e.g., via DNA barcoding) is still most often done with Sanger sequencing. Here, we present a scalable double dual-indexing approach using an Illumina Miseq platform to sequence DNA barcode markers. We achieved 97.3% success by using half of an Illumina Miseq flowcell to obtain 658 base pairs of the cytochrome c oxidase I DNA barcode in 1,010 specimens from eleven orders of arthropods. Our approach recovers a greater proportion of DNA barcode sequences from individuals than does conventional Sanger sequencing, while at the same time reducing both per specimen costs and labor time by nearly 80%. In addition, the use of HTS allows the recovery of multiple sequences per specimen, for deeper analysis of genetic variation in target gene regions.
Condensed pyrimidine systems. XXIII. Synthesis of 2,4-diaminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines from .beta.-oxo esters (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensed pyrimidine systems. XXIII. Synthesis of 2,4-diaminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines from .beta.-oxo estersB. S. Hurlbert, K. W. Ledig, P. Stenbuck, B. F. Valenti, and G. H. HitchingsCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 4, 703–707Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00310a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00310a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Separating 2,3-butanediol from fermentation broth using n-butylaldehyde (2013)

In this paper, a complete separation process for 2,3-butanediol fermentation broth has been developed using reactive-extraction and reactive-distillation. n-Butylaldehyde can be used as both reactant and extractant in the process. Equilibrium and kinetics were studied on the reaction between 2,3-butanediol and n-butylaldehyde using different catalysts. Pseudo-Homogeneous model was used to describe the reaction behavior. The kinetic parameters were determined by analyzing experimental data. The results revealed that the reaction enthalpy ΔrH0 = −21.58 ± 1.63 kJ mol−1. The reaction rate was found to increase with increasing reaction temperature and had a linear correlation with catalyst amount. The activity energy for H2SO4 system and HCl system was 57.52 ± 5.35 and 58.14 ± 5.06 kJ mol−1, respectively. Feasible operation conditions have been obtained as follows: volume ratio of n-butylaldehyde to fermentation broth is 0.2; feed molar ratio of water and 2-propyl-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (n-butylaldehyde 2,3-butanediol acetal) for hydrolysis is 3.0; theoretical plate number for reactive-distillation column is 10 with concentration of HCl solution of 0.5 mol/L. With the above conditions, more than 90% of 2,3-butanediol can be recovered from fermentation broth by reactive-extraction process and the purity of final product can be over 99%.
Double-Corrugated C-Shaped Aperture for Near-Field Recording (2006)

We applied surface corrugations surrounding the C-aperture on both incident and exit interfaces of the metal film, which can generate surface plasmon (SP) waves coupling to the propagation mode and function as a focusing grating, respectively. Compared with a 60 nm square aperture, the double-corrugated C-aperture can enhance power throughput by five orders of magnitude and reduce spot area by 30%.
A novel method to obtain chitosan/DNA nanospheres and a study of their release properties (2008)

Polysaccharides and other cationic polymers have recently been used in pharmaceutical research and industry for their properties to control the release of antibiotics, DNA, proteins, peptide drugs or vaccines, and they have also been extensively studied as non-viral DNA carriers for gene delivery and therapy. Among them, chitosan is the most used since it can promote long-term release of incorporated drugs. This work is focused on the preparation of chitosan and chitosan/DNA nanospheres by using a novel and simple osmosis-based method, recently patented. The morphology of chitosan/DNA particles is spherical (as observed by scanning electron microscopy, SEM) and the nanospheres' average diameter is 38 ± 4 nm (obtained by dynamic light scattering, DLS). With this method, DNA is incorporated with high yield (up to 30%) and the release process is gradual and prolonged in time. The novelty of the reported method resides in the general applicability to various synthetic or natural biopolymers. Solvent, temperature and membrane cut-off are the physicochemical parameters that one is able to use to control the overall osmotic process, leading to several nanostructured systems with different size and shape that may be used in several biotechnological applications.
A safety extension study of anamorelin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with cachexia: ROMANA 3. (2015)

e20715 Background: Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome is a multifactorial condition, characterized by decreased body weight (mainly loss of lean body mass), which often occurs in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is associated with poor prognosis and impaired quality of life. Anamorelin HCl (ANAM) is a novel, oral selective ghrelin receptor agonist with appetite-enhancing and anabolic activity. Methods: ROMANA 1 and 2 (NCT01387269 and NCT01387282) are two global, double-blind, randomized, Phase 3 trials, assessing ANAM efficacy/safety in patients with unresectable stage III/IV NSCLC and cachexia ( ≥ 5% weight loss within prior 6 months or BMI < 20 kg/m2). Patients were randomized (2:1) to receive either daily oral 100 mg ANAM or placebo for 12 weeks. ROMANA 3 (NCT01395914) is the extension study; upon completion of ROMANA 1 or 2, patients with ECOG PS ≤ 2 had the option to continue their study treatment (ANAM or placebo) for a further 12 weeks. Patients were allowed to receive chemotherapy while on study. The primary endpoint was to assess safety and tolerability of ANAM. Results: Overall, 228 (44.4%) and 285 (55.6%) patients who completed ROMANA 1 and 2, respectively, were enrolled in ROMANA 3 (ANAM N = 345; placebo N = 168). Demographics at entry of ROMANA 3 were balanced between the treatment arms; the mean age was 62 years and most patients had an ECOG PS of 1 (72.3%) and had received chemotherapy (57.5%). Both ANAM- and placebo-treated patients had a similar incidence of treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs), whether related to treatment or not (52.2% vs 55.7%), grade ≥ 3 TEAEs (22.5% vs 21.6%), and serious TEAEs (12.8% vs 12.6%). Drug-related TEAEs were reported in 3.5% vs 1.2% of ANAM- vs placebo-treated patients, the most common being hyperglycemia (1.2% vs 0.0%); there were no drug-related grade ≥ 3 TEAEs, or drug-related serious TEAEs. In the ANAM and placebo arms there were 35 (10.2%) and 22 (13.2%) deaths, respectively, none of which were drug-related. Conclusions: In this ROMANA 3 safety extension study, ANAM treatment over 24 weeks was well tolerated and the incidence of TEAEs was similar in both ANAM- and placebo-treated patients with no new safety signals identified. Clinical trial information: NCT01395914.
Research on a Novel GaN-Based Converted Mini-LED Backlight Module via a Spectrum-Decouple System (2020)

Owing to the development of modern display technology, micro- and mini-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have affected technological advancements in the display industry. The structure of mini-LEDs is completely different than that of traditional LED backlights because the former employs a display technology with an LED array structure, optical resonant cavity, and color conversion layer. Display backlight technology encounters difficulty in achieving a truly effective energy-loss mechanism when designing or measuring mini-LED performance. The present study proposes three major mini-LED energy loss mechanisms: cross-talk, resonant, and quantum conversion losses. Herein, the spectrum was obtained through the integrating sphere system, and the calculation mechanism was formed by the down-conversion theorem as the decoupling principle, which successfully calculated the independent energy-loss efficiency of each mechanism and effectively deduced the brightness and color saturation performance of this design combination.