gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Pack Ice Monitoring Systems - Identification of Hazardous Sea Ice Using Upward Looking Sonars for Tactical Support of Offshore Oil and Gas Projects (2011)

Abstract There is an increasing requirement for real-time detection of sea ice hazards. These hazards include the identification of thick ice keels, large hummocky ice, fast moving ice, rapidly changing ice direction and multi-year ice. Such information is needed in real-time to support tactical applications for safe routing of ships in heavy sea ice concentrations. More recently, a need has emerged for tactical support of offshore oil and gas activities in ice infested waters of the Arctic Ocean and in marginal ice areas such as the Barents Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Caspian Sea, Baffin Bay, the Labrador Sea and East Greenland waters. Reliable upward looking sonar (ULS) instruments, including the ASL Ice Profiler for ice keel measurements and the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler for Ice Velocity measurements have been widely used in these areas for many years. These instruments, which record data internally, are operated from subsurface moorings that are deployed and recovered by ship during times of minimal sea ice coverage. Providing real-time measurements from the upward looking sonar measurements operating under heavy ice cover pose new technological challenges. The use of surface buoys to relay data from subsurface instruments to shore facilities or satellites is not possible due to the ice cover itself. A more feasible approach is to transmit the data from each instrument using underwater cables on the sea floor and which link the instruments on the subsurface moorings to a bottom mounted or floating structure. For a floating structure, the use of high performance acoustic modems may be required. Previous experience with real-time ULS ice measurement systems dates back to operational projects undertaken from 2002 to the present. More challenging requirements for real-time ULS ice measurement systems are being addressed in much deeper and more remote areas of the Arctic Ocean such as the Barents and Beaufort Seas. Conditions in these areas can vary from short episodes of hazardous ice to more prolonged and severe ice conditions. ULS ice systems may be deployed on a yearround basis or used episodically strategically just before hazardous ice episodes begin. The requirements for timely and accurate ice information demand high reliability in support of ship navigation, offshore oil and gas drilling and development applications. The real-time ULS ice measurement system must be capable of operating for multiple years without servicing in conjunction with other metocean sensors packages (e.g. ice radar, satellite, winds). Multiple ULS measurement arrays will be needed over operational areas spanning distances of many kilometers. For these Arctic Ocean applications, cabled ocean observatory technology and advanced underwater acoustic modems become key enabling technologies.
Optically controlled phased array radar receiver using SLM switched real time delays (1995)

We report the results of a demonstration of a real time delay, optically controlled phased array radar receiver. This implementation employed a free space configuration based upon an optical switching network using liquid crystal spatial light modulators (SLM's). A three-delay unit, two-antenna array receiver was implemented at an optical wavelength of 1.3 μm and demonstrated "squint-free" operation over the entire X-band (8-12 GHz) with an angular accuracy of 1.4/spl deg/. Finally, a novel configuration for the two-antenna element SLM architecture was proposed and demonstrated equivalent system performance with a reduction in the number of components.
Removal of nitrogen monoxide on copper ion-exchanged zeolites by pressure swing adsorption (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRemoval of nitrogen monoxide on copper ion-exchanged zeolites by pressure swing adsorptionWen Xiang Zhang, Hidenori Yahiro, Noritaka Mizuno, Jun Izumi, and Masakazu IwamotoCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 9, 2337–2343Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00033a015https://doi.org/10.1021/la00033a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views751Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gel electrophoresis of micron‐sized particles: A problem and a solution (1990)

The gel electrophoresis of spherical particles with a radius above 0.2 micron has not been reported yet. In the present study, video phase-contrast light microscopy is used to observe the motion of individual latex spheres, 0.52 micron in radius, during electrophoresis in 0.1% agarose gels. At 2 V/cm, the spheres initially migrate in the direction of the electrical field. However, each sphere eventually undergoes a cessation of all motion. Brownian motion is restored when the electrical potential gradient is reduced to zero. Arrest can be prevented by periodically inverting the direction of the electrical field. These observations are explained by electrical field-induced steric trapping of the spheres by gel fibers. Inversion of the electrical field should assist the application of agarose gel electrophoresis to micron-sized cellular organelles and cells.
Improved lexical tree search for large vocabulary speech recognition (2002)

This paper describes some extensions to the language model (LM) look-ahead pruning approach which is integrated into the time-synchronous beam search algorithm. The search algorithm is based on a lexical prefix tree in combination with a word-conditioned dynamic search space organization for handling trigram language models in a one-pass strategy. In particular, we study several LM look-ahead pruning techniques. Further, we improve the efficiency of this look-ahead technique by exploiting subtree dominance. This method avoids the computation of redundant subtrees within the copies of the lexical prefix tree and thus reduces the memory requirements of the search algorithm. In addition, we present a pruning criterion depending on the state index. The experimental results on the 20000-word NAB'94 task (ARPA North American Business Corpus) indicate that the computational effort can be reduced to 4 times real time on a ALPHA5000 PC without a significant loss in the recognition accuracy.
A Multilevel Approach for Optimal Participating of Wind Farms at Reactive Power Balancing in Transmission Power System (2011)

According to the different grid codes, wind farms which are connected to transmission network have to supply not only the active power, but also the reactive power to the grid. The aim of the proposed work is to present an optimal multilevel control system which allows the doubly fed synchronous generator based wind farms to participate at reactive power balancing in transmission network. In this method, we use a multilevel control system, consisting of two levels to regularly calculate the references of all wind turbines. First, the algorithm calculates the optimal reference values of reactive power for each wind farm at its point of common coupling with the grid. Second, it calculates the references of the wind turbines in each wind farm to consider the optimal reactive power references obtained at the first level. The proposed multilevel control system re-calculates the available reserve of the reactive power to determine the optimal references. A probabilistic method based on auto regressive integrated moving average is used to predict the available reactive power reserve which is strongly related to uncertain nature of wind speed. This control system is developed particularly to control the wind farm reactive power injected into the grid. It is well adapted to fluctuating nature of the wind speed. It is also faster than other methods with a global single level optimal control system.
New Environmentally Friendly Oxidative Scission of Oleic Acid into Azelaic Acid and Pelargonic Acid (2012)

Abstract Oleic acid (OA) is a renewable monounsaturated fatty acid obtained from high oleic sunflower oil. This work was focused on the oxidative scission of OA, which yields a mono‐acid (pelargonic acid, PA) and a di‐acid (azelaic acid, AA) through an emulsifying system. The conventional method for producing AA and PA consists of the ozonolysis of oleic acid, a process which presents numerous drawbacks. Therefore, we proposed to study a new alternative process using a green oxidant and a solvent‐free system. OA was oxidized in a batch reactor with a biphasic organic‐aqueous system consisting of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 , 30 %) as an oxidant and a peroxo–tungsten complex Q 3 {PO 4 [WO(O 2 ) 2 ] 4 } as a phase‐transfer catalyst/co‐oxidant. Several phase‐transfer catalysts were prepared in situ from tungstophosphoric acid, H 2 O 2 and different quaternary ammonium salts (Q + , Cl – ). The catalyst [C 5 H 5 N( n ‐C 16 H 33 )] 3 {PO 4 [WO(O 2 ) 2 ] 4 } was found to give the best results and was chosen for the optimization of the other parameters of the process. This optimization led to a complete conversion of OA into AA and PA with high yields (>80 %) using the system OA/H 2 O 2 /[C 5 H 5 N( n ‐C 16 H 33 )] 3 {PO 4 [WO(O 2 ) 2 ] 4 } (1/5/0.02 molar ratio) at 85 °C for 5 h. In addition, a new treatment was developed in order to recover the catalyst.
High efficiency all-polymer tandem solar cells (2016)

In this work, we have reported for the first time an efficient all-polymer tandem cell using identical sub-cells based on P2F-DO:N2200. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.70% was achieved, which is among the highest efficiencies for all polymer solar cells and 43% larger than the PCE of single junction cell. The largely improved device performance can be mainly attributed to the enhanced absorption of tandem cell. Meanwhile, the carrier collection in device remains efficient by optimizing the recombination layer and sub-cell film thickness. Thus tandem structure can become an easy approach to effectively boost the performance of current all polymer solar cells.
Malonyl-CoA, a Key Signaling Molecule in Mammalian Cells (2008)

Malonyl-CoA can be formed within the mitochondria, peroxisomes, and cytosol of mammalian cells. Besides being an intermediate in the pathways of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid elongation, malonyl-CoA has an important signaling function through its allosteric inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, the enzyme that normally exerts flux control over mitochondrial beta-oxidation. Malonyl-CoA is rapidly turned over in mammalian cells, and the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase are important determinants of its cytosolic concentration. It is now recognized that malonyl-CoA participates in a diverse range of physiological or pathological responses and systems. These include the ketogenic response of the liver to fasting and diabetes, carbohydrate versus fat fuel selection in muscle tissues, metabolic changes in muscle during contracture, alterations in fatty acid metabolism during cardiac ischemia and postischemic reperfusion, stimulation of B cell insulin secretion by glucose, and the hypothalamic control of appetite.
Synthesis Beyond the Molecule (2002)

Weak, noncovalent interactions between molecules control many biological functions. In chemistry, noncovalent interactions are now exploited for the synthesis in solution of large supramolecular aggregates. The aim of these syntheses is not only the creation of a particular structure, but also the introduction of specific chemical functions in these supramolecules.
Evidence for an environmental effect in the aetiology of insulin dependent diabetes in a transmigratory population. (1992)

Offspring of this transmigratory population had a rising incidence of childhood diabetes which was approaching that of the indigenous population. The data provide strong evidence for an environmental effect in the aetiology of insulin dependent diabetes.
Glycosaminoglycans in the study of mammalian organ development (2001)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polymers of amino sugar uronic acid disaccharides, and are generally attached to protein cores to form proteoglycans. GAGs interact with a large number of proteins and can participate in matrix organization, cell adhesion, differentiation, growth and apoptosis. Proteoglycans are expressed in tightly regulated spatio-temporal patterns during organ development, and changes in expression frequently correlate with developmental events. Here we review the evidence that GAGs play important roles in the development of mouse kidneys, which are organs that will undergo organotypic development in simple culture conditions and that are therefore highly accessible to experimentation. Depleting kidneys of GAGs, either biochemically or genetically, blocks the development of the urinary collecting-duct system, probably because critical signalling molecules require GAGs to form stable associations with their receptors. The insensitivity of GAG-deprived organ rudiments to physiological concentrations of growth factors can be used to screen candidate signalling molecules for morphoregulatory activity; candidate growth factors are applied at supraphysiological levels to GAG-deprived kidneys and assessed for their ability to rescue normal development. This approach has assisted the identification of four collecting-duct morphogens: hepatocyte growth factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, nerturin and persephin.
Independent testing of soft tissue visco-elasticity using indentation and rotary shear deformations (2003)

Numerous techniques exist to measure the mechanical properties of soft tissues in vivo, such as mechanical stretching, indentation or shearing, as well as elastographic methods employing ultrasound or other imaging modes. Many groups have reported properties which do not necessarily correspond with each other due to differences in choice of technique, tissue model or other variations. This work deliberately makes use of the two independent modes of indentation and rotary shear, on the same material samples, employing similar modeling approximations, to attempt to determine the common, underlying material properties. This paper introduces the ROSA-2 rotary shear instrument, and presents its mechanical characteristics, as well as presenting validation experiments that were performed to verify non-slip contact with tissue. Measurements made with it are compared with those acquired with the TeMPeST l-D indentation instrument. Initial testing showed reasonably agreement when testing silicone gel samples, over a restricted range of frequencies. When testing bovine liver samples in vitro and porcine liver in vivo, significant discrepancies were found. The potential sources of these differences will be discussed, as will directions for ongoing work.
Syntheses of bassianolide and its two homologs, enniatin C and decabassianolide. (1979)

Bassianolide is an insecticidal cyclodepsipeptide produced by entomopathogenic fungi. In confirmation of the proposed structure (1), three related compounds (1, 2 and 3) were synthesized. Through bioassays and physicochemical studies of those compounds, the struc-ture of bassianolide was unambiguously established as 1.
Tikhonov Regularization and Total Least Squares (1999)

Discretizations of inverse problems lead to systems of linear equations with a highly ill-conditioned coefficient matrix, and in order to computestable solutions to these systems it is necessary to apply regularization methods. We show how Tikhonov's regularization method, which in its original formulation involves a least squares problem, can be recast in a total least squares formulation suited for problems in which both the coefficient matrix and the right-hand side are known only approximately. We analyze the regularizing properties of this method and demonstrate by a numerical example that, in certain cases with large perturbations, the new method is superior to standard regularization methods.
Configuring Anion‐Exchange Membranes for High Conductivity and Alkaline Stability by Using Cationic Polymers with Tailored Side Chains (2016)

Polymeric anion‐exchange membranes (AEMs) are critical components for alkaline membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) which offer several attractive advantages including the use of platinum‐free catalysts and a wide choice of fuel. The development of AMFCs and other electrochemical energy systems is currently severely limited by the lack of AEMs with sufficient alkaline stability. Still, significant advances have been made in recent years and one of the most promising approaches to emerge is the design and synthesis of cationic polymers with various side chain arrangements. Especially, synthetic strategies where the cationic ion‐exchange groups are placed on pendant alkyl spacer chains along the backbone seem to significantly improve microphase separation, hydroxide ion conductivity, and alkaline stability in relation to standard AEMs with cations placed in benzylic positions directly on the backbone. This article reviews recent approaches to high‐performance cationic membrane polymers involving different side chain designs, and discusses some possible future directions. image
Access to 3‐Arylindoles through a Tandem One‐Pot Protocol Involving Dearomatization, a Regioselective Michael Addition Reaction, and Rearomatization (2014)

Abstract A facile, general and rapid protocol for the introduction of oxygenated aryls at the 3‐position of indoles is described. This approach consists of a tandem dearomatization, a regioselective Michael addition reaction, and rearomatization in a one‐pot three‐step sequence to obtain 3‐arylindoles in good yields.
Mechanisms of Action of Mixed Solid−Liquid Antifoams. 2. Stability of Oil Bridges in Foam Films (1999)

In the first part of this study we described the process of destabilization of foam films by mixed (silica−silicone oil) antifoam drops as observed with a high-speed video camera. The drops formed oil bridges, which stretched with time and eventually ruptured the foam films. Remarkably, two types of bridges could be distinguished: (i) mechanically unstable ones, which stretched and ruptured the films within several milliseconds, and (ii) metastable ones, that existed for a much longer period (up to several seconds). The stability of oil bridges is theoretically analyzed in the current article, which presents a further development of the model by Garrett (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1980, 76, 587). The deformation of the foam film surfaces, which was previously neglected, is explicitly taken into account. The effect of several governing factors (three-phase contact angles, film thickness, size of the bridge, presence of spread oil layer) on the evolution and stability of the oil bridges is analyzed. The calculations show that the bridge stability depends primarily on two factors: (i) the contact angle oil−water−air and (ii) the relative size of the bridge (with respect to the film thickness). Mechanically stable bridges can be formed at any value of the three-phase contact angle if the relative size of the bridge is below a given critical value. Above the critical size, the bridge stability is determined by the contact angle (i.e., by the corresponding bridging coefficient B, as introduced by Garrett). The reduced stability of the bridges in the presence of a prespread oil layer is explained by an accumulation of oil in the bridge (from the spread layer), which leads to an actual increase of the size of the bridge. The theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental results and are discussed from the viewpoint of the mechanisms of antifoam action.
Dynamic Flooding on Dense Graphs (2024)

Routing with link state protocols in dense network topologies can
result in sub-optimal convergence times due to the overhead associated
with flooding. This can be addressed by decreasing the flooding
topology so that it is less dense. This document discusses the
problem in some depth and an architectural solution. Specific protocol
changes for IS-IS, OSPFv2, and OSPFv3 are described in this document.
A Successive Approximation Recursive Digital Low-Dropout Voltage Regulator With PD Compensation and Sub-LSB Duty Control (2017)

This paper presents a recursive digital low-dropout (RLDO) regulator that improves response time, quiescent power, and load regulation dynamic range over prior digital LDO designs by 1-2 orders of magnitude. The proposed RLDO enables a practical digital replacement to analog LDOs by using an SAR-like binary search algorithm in a coarse loop and a subLSB pulse width modulation duty control scheme in a fine loop. A proportional-derivative compensation scheme is employed to ensure stable operation independent of load current, the size of the output decoupling capacitor, and clock frequency. Implemented in 0.0023 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in 65 nm CMOS, the 7-bit RLDO achieves, at a 0.5-V input, a response time of 15.1 ns with a figure of merit of 199.4 ps, along with stable operation across a 20000× dynamic load range.
Relation between denaturation time measured by optical coherence reflectometry and thermal lesion depth during radiofrequency cardiac ablation: Feasibility numerical study (2017)

The computer results confirmed the strong relationship between denaturation time and lesion depth and suggest that measuring denaturation time by PS-OCR could provide information on the ablation time required to reach a specific lesion depth. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:222-229, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The therapeutic management of gut barrier leaking: the emerging role for mucosal barrier protectors. (2015)

These results suggest how the mucus layer recovering, beside the gut microbiota modulation, exerted by gut barrier protectors could be a useful weapon to re-establish the physiological intestinal homeostasis after an acute and chronic injury.