gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Cr<sup>3+</sup>: SrGa<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>: A Broadband Near‐Infrared Long‐Persistent Phosphor. (2015)

Abstract SrGa 12 O 19 :Cr 3+ x (x = 0.0005‐0.02) are fabricated by calcination of stoichiometric amounts of SrCO 3 , Ga 2 O 3 , and Cr 2 O 3 in air (1.
Dynamic Replica Placement and Location Strategies for Data Grid (2008)

In data grid, replication data on multiple nodes can improve availability and response time. Yet determining when and where to replicate data in order to meet performance goals with many users and files, dynamic network characteristic, and changing user behavior is difficult. Also, it is a challenging problem to find the best-fit replica efficiently according to location and performance of physical storage systems at which the replicas dwell. To address these problems, we combine tree topology of grid architecture with multi-ring topology of peer-to-peer architecture to model replica network topology. Based on the proposed model, a novel dynamic adaptive replica allocation algorithm that can adapt to the node insertions and deletions frequently is proposed. The algorithm is adaptive in the sense that it changes the replication scheme of the grid nodes as changes occur in the read-write pattern of the grid node. To address scalability and replica location efficiently, we use Chord algorithm with considering characteristics of locality in the process of replica location. We use grid simulator GridNet to evaluate our approach, simulation results demonstrate that our algorithms efficiently reduce the communication cost of object access in data grid environment and improve the replica access success rate.
The Effect of a Magnetic Field on a RAPET (Reaction under Autogenic Pressure at Elevated Temperature) of MoO(OMe)<sub>4</sub>:  Fabrication of MoO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Coated with Carbon or Separated MoO<sub>2</sub> and Carbon Particles (2004)

In this article, we present results of the RAPET dissociation of MoO(OMe)4 at 700 degrees C in a closed Swagelok cell. The reaction produces molybdenum dioxide nanoparticles (20 nm) coated with carbon (20 nm). We have also carried out the same reaction under an applied magnetic field of 10 T. This reaction yielded different products. It produces a mixture of comparatively larger (50 nm) molybdenum dioxide nanoparticles and separated uncoated carbon particles (20-30 nm).
Development of a Time-Dependent Disaggregate Hurricane Evacuation Destination Choice Model (2012)

A time-dependent disaggregate destination choice model for evacuees from a hurricane is developed and tested in this paper. Using data from a survey conducted among South Carolina residents following Hurricane Floyd in 1999 as the basic information, dynamic information regarding the storm, the network, the destination zones, and decisions made by the emergency managers regarding the issuing of evacuation notices was added to the sample to provide a database that contained time-dependent data in 48 2-h time periods preceding landfall. Separate models were established for evacuees seeking shelter at the homes of friends and relatives and those who went to hotels and motels. The models describe destination choice in terms of time-dependent travel time between origin and destination, the amount of accommodation remaining in each zone in each time period, the estimated likelihood that the storm’s path takes it over a destination zone, the ethnic similarity between origin and destination zones, and the presence of a large metropolitan area and/or interstate highways in a destination zone. When estimating the performance of the models, their trip length frequency distributions are not significantly different to the observed trip length frequency distribution at the 95% level of significance. Applying the friend/relative model to the neighboring state of Georgia produced a trip length frequency diagram that had a similar pattern to the observed distribution but underestimated short-distance destinations and overestimated distant destinations.
Multiphoton microscopy and amyloid angiopathy. (2001)

The underlying pathophysiological processes of amyloid angiopathy have been difficult to study because the vessel size affected is too smallfor imaging in the human condition, and animal models have not yet been adequately developed or characterized. Herein we present characterization of animal models of overexpression of the human AbetaPP gene, initially developed as models of Alzheimer's disease, but which fortuitously also develop marked cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We also present a novelform of microscopy that allows in vivo imaging of vessels affected by amyloid in the anesthetized, but intact, animal.
Performance optimisation of sequential programs on multi-core processors (2012)

With the increasing availability of multi-core processors, the sequential programming paradigm is no longer capable of harnessing the full power of processors. Parallel programming is however, generally complex and requires more expertise than the traditional sequential programming model. On the other hand, there are a multitude of optimisations for sequential programs that can exploit multiple cores without much effort by the programmer. The primary goal of this research is to identify available tools and techniques to aid programmers in the process of optimising C/C++ programs for execution on multi-processors. Using a couple of example programs we show that improved performance is possible using the proposed methodology. However, the choice of optimisation is dependent on the type of problem being solved and there is no generic best choice for all classes of problems.
A new true time delay optical phaser for phased array (2006)

The aim of this paper is to present an integrated photonic TTD phaser (TPH) for PA, based on the technology introduced in J.E. Fouquet, (2000). In particular, the design of a digital 3 Bit TPH, feeding a 4 elements optical time steered antenna (OTSA), focusing the attention on the TPH insertion loss (IL), compactness and amplitude uniformity of the excitation coefficients distributions (AU). It is worth noting that, thanks to the modularity of the TTD unit (TTDU), TPHs able to drive larger antennas with a better beam pointing resolution can be obtained
Clinical utility of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution in the treatment of dry eyes (2015)

Diquafosol is a drug used for dry eye treatment with a novel mechanism of action. It stimulates the secretion of tear fluid and mucin on the ocular surface, thus enabling us to selectively treat the tear film layer, playing an important role in the establishment of the concept of "Tear Film Oriented Therapy (TFOT)", an effective therapeutic approach to dry eye in Japan. The 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution has been widely used for the treatment of dry eye in clinical practice, and it is currently available in Japan and South Korea. This review provides an overview of the clinical utility of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution, focusing on the results of clinical studies on various types of dry eye, including aqueous-deficient dry eye, short tear film breakup time-type dry eye, and post dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis. It also introduces the additive effect of diquafosol on sodium hyaluronate monotherapy for dry eye, and the effect of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution for dry eye-related conditions. Additionally, it summarizes the ocular effects of diquafosol in healthy human eyes. Lastly, the importance of improving tear film stability in dry eye treatment, as well as general advances in dry eye treatments, are described.
Market plurality and manipulation: performance comparison of independent system operators (2002)

In this paper, the authors present three different models that represent the coordinating functions of existing independent system operators (ISOs), and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Max-ISO is a centralized operator based on the pool model, and min-ISO is a decentralized operator based on the bilateral model. Mix-ISO is positioned in between, having multiple power exchanges or bilateral contracts. The performance of the different ISOs is compared by the total social welfare and the vulnerability to market manipulation. A numerical example is presented to compare the performance of different ISOs. The max-ISO is considered to be the most efficient model theoretically, but it does not necessarily provide the best market in terms of vulnerability to market manipulation.
Optimal Vehicle Routing With Real-Time Traffic Information (2005)

This paper examines the value of real-time traffic information to optimal vehicle routing in a nonstationary stochastic network. We present a systematic approach to aid in the implementation of transportation systems integrated with real-time information technology. We develop decision-making procedures for determining the optimal driver attendance time, optimal departure times, and optimal routing policies under time-varying traffic flows based on a Markov decision process formulation. With a numerical study carried out on an urban road network in Southeast Michigan, we demonstrate significant advantages when using this information in terms of total cost savings and vehicle usage reduction while satisfying or improving service levels for just-in-time delivery.
Calcium Pumps in Health and Disease (2009)

Ca2+-ATPases (pumps) are key actors in the regulation of Ca2+ in eukaryotic cells and are thus essential to the correct functioning of the cell machinery. They have high affinity for Ca2+ and can efficiently regulate it down to very low concentration levels. Two of the pumps have been known for decades (the SERCA and PMCA pumps); one (the SPCA pump) has only become known recently. Each pump is the product of a multigene family, the number of isoforms being further increased by alternative splicing of the primary transcripts. The three pumps share the basic features of the catalytic mechanism but differ in a number of properties related to tissue distribution, regulation, and role in the cellular homeostasis of Ca2+. The molecular understanding of the function of the pumps has received great impetus from the solution of the three-dimensional structure of one of them, the SERCA pump. These spectacular advances in the structure and molecular mechanism of the pumps have been accompanied by the emergence and rapid expansion of the topic of pump malfunction, which has paralleled the rapid expansion of knowledge in the topic of Ca2+-signaling dysfunction. Most of the pump defects described so far are genetic: when they are very severe, they produce gross and global disturbances of Ca2+ homeostasis that are incompatible with cell life. However, pump defects may also be of a type that produce subtler, often tissue-specific disturbances that affect individual components of the Ca2+-controlling and/or processing machinery. They do not bring cells to immediate death but seriously compromise their normal functioning.
Small Elliptic-Function Low-Pass Filters and Other Applications of Microwave C Sections (1970)

A type of elliptic-function low-pass filter that is easy to design and construct, has low passband loss, and is very compact is described. With simple scaling and a limited number of standard parts, a broad range of cutoff frequencies can be obtained. Experimental results are presented for three filters with cutoff frequencies of 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 GHz. Each filter occupies a volume of about 0.5 in/sup 3/. A physical interpretation of the conventional scaling transformation S =S'/ /spl Omega//sub c/' is given for networks containing unit elements. Use of this transformation is shown to yield scaled networks containing microwave C sections rather than unit elements. Applications to broad-band impedance transformers are given and other possible applications are suggested.
SpeechRecorder - a Universal Platform Independent Multi-Channel Audio Recording Software. (2004)

SpeechRecorder is a platform independent audio recording software for speech corpus recordings. It is implemented in Java in a clean object-oriented design and adheres to established technology standards and document interchange formats. SpeechRecorder allows Unicode text and multimedia prompts, it supports audio recordings via more than two channels, and it features multiple configurable screens. Recording sessions are defined by recording scripts written in XML. The recording scripts can be executed manually by the experimenter, or automatically for unsupervised recordings; progress through the script can be sequential or randomized. SpeechRecorder is based on URLs to access local and network resources and thus allows recordings via the WWW.
Effect of overexpression of wild‐type or mutant parkin on the cellular response induced by toxic insults (2005)

Mutations in parkin are involved in some cases of autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP), but it is not known how they result in nigral cell death. We examined the effect of parkin overexpression on the response of cells to various insults. Wild-type and AR-JP-associated mutant parkins (Del3-5, T240R, and Q311X) were overexpressed in NT-2 and SK-N-MC cells. Overexpressed wild-type parkin delayed cell death induced by serum withdrawal, H(2)O(2), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), or 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (HNE) but did not delay cell death caused by the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. Increases in damage to proteins (protein carbonyls and 3-nitrotyrosine) were attenuated by wild-type parkin after serum withdrawal or exposure to H(2)O(2), MPP(+), or HNE but not after exposure to lactacystin. The mutant parkins (of all types) markedly accelerated cell death in response to all the insults, accompanied by increased levels of 8-hydroxyguanine, protein carbonyls, lipid peroxidation, and 3-nitrotyrosine and decreased levels of GSH. The viability loss induced by all the insults showed apoptotic features. The presence of parkin mutations in substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease may increase neuronal vulnerability to a range of toxic insults.
Achromatic and Short-Wavelength Automated Perimetry in Patients With Glaucomatous Large Cups (1999)

Many patients with large C/Ds have normal SAP and SWAP results. Compared with SAP, SWAP results were abnormal in a higher percentage of these patients. If a patient has a large C/D and normal SAP results, SWAP testing may detect functional loss earlier. If glaucoma is defined by both structural and functional loss, patients with large vertical C/Ds, normal SAP results, and abnormal SWAP results may have glaucoma. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess this hypothesis and determine whether these patients subsequently develop abnormal SAP results as well.
Plaque neovascularization: defense mechanisms, betrayal, or a war in progress (2012)

Angiogenesis is induced from sprouting of preexisting endothelial cells leading to neovascularization. Imbalance in the angiogenic and antiangiogenic mediators triggers angiogenesis, which may be physiological in the normal state or pathological in malignancy and atherosclerosis. Physiologic angiogenesis is instrumental for restoration of vessel wall normoxia and resolution inflammation, leading to atherosclerosis regression. However, pathological angiogenesis enhances disease progression, increasing macrophage infiltration and vessel wall thickness, perpetuating hypoxia and necrosis. In addition, thin-walled fragile neovessels may rupture, leading to intraplaque hemorrhage. Lipid-rich red blood cell membranes and free hemoglobin are detrimental to plaque composition, increasing inflammation, lipid core expansion, and oxidative stress. In addition, associated risk factors that include polymorphysms in the haptoglobin genotype and diabetes mellitus may modulate the features of plaque vulnerability. This review will focus on physiological and pathological angiogenesis in atherosclerosis and summarizes the current status of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, microvascular rarefaction, and possible statin-mediated effects in atherosclerosis neovascularization.
베트남의 문화적 배경과 선교전략 고찰 - 장요나 선교사를 중심으로 (2020)

본고는 베트남의 문화적 배경을 논한 후 그 문화를 활용한 선교전략을 고찰하고 문화적 관점에서 선교 과제를 제시하려는데 그 목적이 있다. 특히 베트남에 한국인 선교사로서는 처음으로 파송된 장요나 선교사를 중심으로 살펴보았다.
이를 위하여 먼저 베트남의 문화적 배경은 베트남의 역사에서 형성된 의식구조, 중국과 인도의 영향을 받은 베트남 문화, 베트남 문화의 근간인 다양성과 통일성, 베트남의 생활 문화를 중심으로 고찰하였다. 다음으로 장요나 선교사가 베트남 문화를 비판적으로 활용한 선교전략은 성육신적으로 선교, 현지인 지도력을 세우는 교회, 인사권을 이양한 목회 지도력 행정, 다양한 지역의 교회설립과 TEE를 응용한 신학교, 현지 문화를 활용한 요나 공법으로 교회 건축으로 구분하여 논하였다.
마지막으로 문화적 측면에서 베트남의 선교를 비판적으로 과제를 제시하였다. 그것은 첫째로 베트남 각 지역에 거주하는 다양한 문화적 배경을 가진 공동체 중에 아직 복음이 전파되지 않은 대상자를 발굴하고 그들의 민족입양을 가속화가 요청된다. 둘째로 베트남의 독특한 문화를 비판적 상황화로 지속적인 자신학화가 필요하다. 셋째로 비라카미신학교의 교육지역을 베트남 전지역으로 확장하고, 다양한 현장형 TEE 유형을 개발할 필요성이 있다. 넷째로 베트남 선교는 넓이보다 깊이를 가진 문화의 복음화 작업이 요청된다. 이러한 과제를 위하여 차세대 선교동원과 함께 현지인 리더십을 견고히 하여 선교지역 네트워크로 선교 정보는 물론 문화 자료를 모으고 분석하여 비판적 상황화로 지속할 수 있는 선교를 이루어가야 한다고 본다.
Use of pressure-sensitive paints in low-speed flows (2002)

Pressure measurements based on pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) have been shown to be useful in low speed flows. Many obstacles were addressed in making these successful measurements. The considerations for making these measurements are presented, as well as, a brief discussion of important procedures. A sample of data is presented to demonstrate the agreement between pressure-sensitive paint and traditional pressure taps.
Two studies of opportunistic programming (2009)

This paper investigates the role of online resources in problem solving. We look specifically at how programmers - an exemplar form of knowledge workers - opportunistically interleave Web foraging, learning, and writing code. We describe two studies of how programmers use online resources. The first, conducted in the lab, observed participants' Web use while building an online chat room. We found that programmers leverage online resources with a range of intentions: They engage in just-in-time learning of new skills and approaches, clarify and extend their existing knowledge, and remind themselves of details deemed not worth remembering. The results also suggest that queries for different purposes have different styles and durations. Do programmers' queries "in the wild" have the same range of intentions, or is this result an artifact of the particular lab setting? We analyzed a month of queries to an online programming portal, examining the lexical structure, refinements made, and result pages visited. Here we also saw traits that suggest the Web is being used for learning and reminding. These results contribute to a theory of online resource usage in programming, and suggest opportunities for tools to facilitate online knowledge work.
SDK Reinvented: Document Image Analysis Methods as RESTful Web Services (2016)

Document Image Analysis (DIA) systems become ever more advanced, but also more complex -- computationally, and logically. This increases the difficulty of integrating existing state-of-the-art approaches into new research or into practical workflows. The current approach to sharing software is publishing source code -- leaving the burden to the integrator -- or creating a Software Development Kit (SDK) which is often restricted to one programming language. We present DIVAServices a framework for sharing and accessing DIA methods within the research community and beyond. Using a RESTful web service architecture we provide access to the methods, leading to only one system on which the binaries of methods need to be maintained. All it takes for a developer to use an algorithm is a simple HTTP request with the image data and parameters for the method and they will receive the computed results in a format that allows for seamless integration into any kind of workflow or for further processing. Furthermore, DIVAServices is open-source, enabling other research groups or libraries to host their own instance in their environment. Using this framework, future DIA systems can be built on the shoulders of well tested algorithms, accessible to everyone.
Aα-Val<sup>360</sup>: a marker of neutrophil elastase and COPD disease activity (2012)

Forced expiratory volume in 1 s is currently the most widely used marker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity; however, it is a poor surrogate of the emphysematous component and the underlying pathophysiological mechanism, and therefore new markers are urgently needed. Neutrophil elastase (NE) is likely to play a key pathophysiological role in COPD and the current study explores a marker of NE activity as a potential indicator of COPD disease activity. Aα-Val(360) was measured in 81 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of COPD, both in the stable state and at presentation with an acute exacerbation, and comparisons were made using lung function tests and computed tomography imaging. The relationship of Aα-Val(360) with disease progression was also assessed in 40 of the subjects over a 4-yr period. Baseline Aα-Val(360) related to physiological and radiological markers of disease severity, was higher at presentation with an acute exacerbation than in the stable state and (at least partly) related to disease progression over the subsequent 4 yrs. We demonstrate that Aα-Val(360) is a marker of cross-sectional COPD disease severity and possibly disease progression, and represents a new concept of specific biomarkers. This study therefore reports the first in vivo data to support the pathophysiological role of NE in COPD.
CircConv: A Structured Convolution with Low Complexity (2019)

Deep neural networks (DNNs), especially deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have emerged as the powerful technique in various machine learning applications. However, the large model sizes of DNNs yield high demands on computation resource and weight storage, thereby limiting the practical deployment of DNNs. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes to impose the circulant structure to the construction of convolutional layers, and hence leads to circulant convolutional layers (CircConvs) and circulant CNNs. The circulant structure and models can be either trained from scratch or re-trained from a pre-trained non-circulant model, thereby making it very flexible for different training environments. Through extensive experiments, such strong structureimposing approach is proved to be able to substantially reduce the number of parameters of convolutional layers and enable significant saving of computational cost by using fast multiplication of the circulant tensor.
Interleukin‐32 enhances cytotoxic effect of natural killer cells to cancer cells via activation of death receptor 3 (2011)

Studies have demonstrated that the anti-tumour effect of natural killer (NK) cells is successful for patients with several cancers. Although interleukin-32 (IL-32) is endogenously expressed in NK cells, cytolytic function of NK cells against cancer cells has not been fully demonstrated. In the present study, we found that the growth of cancer cells was suppressed when colon cancer cells or prostate cancer cells were co-cultured with NK-92 cells, an NK cell line. We also found that the expression of tumour necrosis factor receptor 2 and death receptor 3 (DR3) was increased in PC3 cells, and the expression of FAS and DR3 was increased in SW620 cells by co-culture with NK-92 cells. However, cancer cell growth inhibition and IL-32 expression were abolished when cancer cells were co-cultured with NK cells transfected with small interfering (si) RNA of IL-32. DR3 expression was also diminished by co-culture with IL-32-specific siRNA-transfected NK-92 cells. Expression of APO3L, a ligand of DR3, was elevated in NK cells that were co-cultured with cancer cells. It was also found that expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as cleaved caspase-3 and bax was increased in cancer cells co-cultured with NK-92 cells, but their expression was abolished by co-culture with IL-32 siRNA-transfected NK-92 cells. Moreover, knockdown of DR3 in co-culture of NK-92 cells with cancer cells by siRNA or antibodies of DR3 and APO3L reversed the growth inhibitory effect of NK-92 cells. In conclusion, our study showed that IL-32 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of NK-92 cells on the cancer cells through activation of DR3 and caspase-3.