gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Borane Derivatives: A New Class of Super‐ and Hyperhalogens (2011)

Super- and hyperhalogens are a class of highly electronegative species whose electron affinities far exceed those of halogen atoms and are important to the chemical industry as oxidizing agents, biocatalysts, and building blocks of salts. Using the well-known Wade-Mingos rule for describing the stability of closo-boranes B(n)H(n)(2-) and state-of-the-art theoretical methods, we show that a new class of super- and hyperhalogens, guided by this rule, can be formed by tailoring the size and composition of borane derivatives. Unlike conventional superhalogens, in which a central metal atom is surrounded by halogen atoms, the superhalogens formed according to the Wade-Mingos rule do not have to have either halogen or metal atoms. We demonstrate this by using B(12)H(13) and its isoelectronic cluster CB(11)H(12) as examples. We also show that while conventional superhalogens containing alkali atoms require at least two halogen atoms, a single borane-like moiety is sufficient to give M(B(12)H(12)) clusters (M=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) superhalogen properties. In addition, hyperhalogens can be formed by using the above superhalogens as building blocks. Examples include M(B(12)H(13))(2) and M(CB(11)H(12))(2) (M=Li-Cs). This finding opens the door to an untapped source of superhalogens and weakly coordinating anions with potential applications.
Combined trellis/Reed-Muller coding for CDMA (2002)

This work considers a new low rate coding scheme, based on the combination of a trellis code with a first order Reed-Muller code. This construction, which we refer to as a trellis/Reed-Muller (TRM) code is presented. A maximum-likelihood decoding method is introduced, and the performance of the code analyzed. Both upper and lower bounds on the bit error probability are derived. The TRM codes are then compared with biorthogonal convolutional codes, and shown to provide a significant improvement.
Adaptive Beamforming in Frequency-Dispersive Multipath Environments. (1994)

Abstract : It is well known that an antenna array with N degrees of freedom (DOF) can cancel N - 1 interferers if they approach the array from directions other than that of the desired signal. It has been shown that there are cases in which it is possible for an array with N DOF to effectively cancel more than N - 1 interferers. Specifically, we show how this can be done when there is incident upon an N-element array not only the desired signal and a jammer signal, but more than N - 1 Doppler-shifted multipath copies of the jammer signal as well. In this situation the received signal is nonstationary; therefore, updates of the weight vector must use only as many samples as correspond to the time interval over which the signal can be considered locally stationary. In this frequency-dispersive environment, it is desirable to recalculate the weight vector often; in some cases, we would like to do so every sample. However, recalculating the weight vector involves estimating and inverting the covariance matrix of the received signal; using traditional methods, this is an O(N3) process, where N represents the degrees of freedom in the array. For large N this becomes timeprohibitive. In this paper we examine the application of eigenvalue decomposition and rank-one updating of the covariance matrix to reduce the computation required. By exploiting the structure of the matrix we find that we are able to decrease the time required for its estimation and inversion from 0(N3) to 0(N). Using these techniques, we can update the weight vector every sample, enabling us to operate effectively in a frequency-dispersive environment.
Optically Loaded Semiconductor Quantum Memory Register (2016)

Long-distance quantum communication requires transmitting, buffering, and processing quantum information via nodes called quantum repeaters. Unfortunately, current technology is suited for either communication or storage, but not both simultaneously. To address this challenge, the authors propose an all-semiconductor hybrid quantum device that capacitively couples an optically active quantum-dot molecule to a gated-dot array. This optoelectronic device, which could be orders of magnitude faster than today's repeaters, emits a photon whose polarization is entangled with the electron spins in the array.
The UCLA Prostate Cancer Index (1998)

The UCLA Prostate Cancer Index performed well in this population of older men with and without prostate cancer. It demonstrated good psychometric properties and appeared to be well understood and easily completed. The high response among patients suggests that these men especially are interested in addressing both the general and disease-specific concerns that impact their daily quality of life.
Decoration of Spongelike Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles onto MWCNTs Using an Easily Manipulated Chemical Protocol for Supercapacitors (2013)

This study uses a "bottom-up" approach chemical method to coat nanocrystalline Ni(OH)2 onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for flexible supercapacitor electrodes, where the higher electronic conductivity of MWCNTs permits their use as the supporting backbone onto which Ni(OH)2 can be deposited. The paper portrays the advantages of the facile successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method for depositing Ni(OH)2/MWCNT thin films onto large area flexible substrates. We demonstrate that these Ni(OH)2/MWCNT films consist of a uniform coating of sponge-like Ni(OH)2 on the MWCNT network structure using scanning electron micrographs and transmission electron micrographs; this structure is promising for supercapacitor applications. Ni(OH)2/MWCNT films exhibit a specific capacitance of 1487 F g(-1) at a scan rate of 5 mV s(-1) in a 2 M KOH aqueous solution. The electrodes are generated using a simple three-beaker SILAR system at ambient conditions, thus providing an easy approach to fabricate high-power and high-energy flexible supercapacitors. Ni(OH)2/MWCNTs demonstrate a good rate capability and excellent long-term cyclic stability (96% capacity retention after 1000 cycles). Such high-performance capacitive behavior indicates that Ni(OH)2/MWCNT composites are promising electrode materials for the fabrication of supercapacitors. Thus, the method described in this paper provides a generalized route for the production of a wide range of Ni(OH)2/MWCNT-based materials for applications beyond electrochemical energy storage. These encouraging results promote interest in developing such devices, including nontoxic and greener components, compared with current organic-based devices.
Adaptive optics with advanced phase-contrast techniques II High-resolution wave-front control (2001)

A wave-front control paradigm based on gradient-flow optimization is analyzed. In adaptive systems with gradient-flow dynamics, the output of the wave-front sensor is used to directly control high-resolution wavefront correctors without the need for wave-front phase reconstruction (direct-control systems). Here, adaptive direct-control systems with advanced phase-contrast wave-front sensors are analyzed theoretically, through numerical simulations, and experimentally. Adaptive system performance is studied for atmospheric-turbulence-induced phase distortions in the presence of input field intensity scintillations. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for high-resolution adaptive optics.
FoxO Transcription Factors Promote Cardiomyocyte Survival upon Induction of Oxidative Stress (2010)

Transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of cardiac oxidative stress resistance are not well defined. FoxO transcription factors are critical mediators of oxidative stress resistance in multiple cell types, but cardioprotective functions have not been reported previously. FoxO function in oxidative stress resistance was investigated in cultured cardiomyocytes and in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific combined deficiency of FoxO1 and FoxO3 subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) or acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Induction of oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes promotes FoxO1 and FoxO3 nuclear localization and target gene activation. Infection of cardiomyocytes with a dominant-negative FoxO1(Δ256) adenovirus results in a significant increase in reactive oxygen species and cell death, whereas increased FoxO1 or FoxO3 expression reduces reactive oxygen species and cell death. Mice generated with combined conditional deletion of FoxO1 and FoxO3 specifically in cardiomyocytes were subjected to I/R or MI. Loss of FoxO1 and FoxO3 in cardiomyocytes results in a significant increase in infarct area with decreased expression of the antiapoptotic molecules, PTEN-induced kinase1 (PINK1) and CBP/P300-interacting transactivator (CITED2). Expressions of the antioxidants catalase and manganese superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and the autophagy-related proteins LC3II and Gabarapl1 also are decreased following I/R compared with controls. Mice with cardiomyocyte-specific FoxO deficiency subjected to MI have reduced cardiac function, increased scar formation, induction of stress-responsive signaling, and increased apoptotic cell death relative to controls. These data support a critical role for FoxOs in promoting cardiomyocyte survival during conditions of oxidative stress through induction of antioxidants and cell survival pathways.
Transcription Profiling of Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen (EBNA)-1 Expressing Cells Suggests Targeting of Chromatin Remodeling Complexes (2010)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1 regulates virus replication and transcription, and participates in the remodeling of the cellular environment that accompanies EBV induced B-cell immortalization and malignant transformation. The putative cellular targets of these effects of EBNA-1 are largely unknown. To address this issue we have profiled the transcriptional changes induced by short- and long-term expression of EBNA-1 in the EBV negative B-cell lymphoma BJAB. Three hundred and nineteen cellular genes were regulated in a conditional transfectant shortly after EBNA-1 induction while a ten fold higher number of genes was regulated upon continuous EBNA-1 expression. Promoter analysis of the differentially regulated genes demonstrated a significant enrichment of putative EBNA-1 binding sites suggesting that EBNA-1 may directly influence the transcription of a subset of genes. Gene ontology analysis of forty seven genes that were consistently regulated independently on the time of EBNA-1 expression revealed an unexpected enrichment of genes involved in the maintenance of chromatin architecture. The interaction network of the affected gene products suggests that EBNA-1 may promote a broad rearrangement of the cellular transcription landscape by altering the expression of key components of chromatin remodeling complexes.
Studies of Contact Hypersensitivity and Tolerance <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (1978)

Contact hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), picryl chloride (PCl) or oxazolone was induced in mice by skin painting with these agents, and was measured by skin testing in vivo using the ear swelling method. Prior administration of dinitrobenzene sulfonate (DNBS) or picryl sulfonic acid prevented sensitization to DNCB and PCl, respectively. Both this tolerization and the original sensitization were specific for the hapten used. Cyclophosphamide given before sensitization enhanced skin reactions, but when given before tolerization it interfered with establishment of tolerance. Cells from both sensitized and tolerized mice were shown to be reactive with the corresponding haptens in vitro in the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) reaction. LAI specificity was similar to that found for cutaneous reactivity. The reaction of DNCB-sensitized cells with DNBS led to the production of a soluble mediator which induced LAI in normal cells. The demonstration of potentially reactive cells in mice judged to be tolerant by skin testing indicates the concomitant existence of suppressor factors.
Studying the effect of similarity in online task-focused interactions (2003)

Although the Internet provides powerful tools for social interactions, many tasks-for example, information-seeking-are undertaken as solitary activities. Information seekers are unaware of the invisible crowd traveling in parallel to their course through the information landscape. Social navigation systems attempt to make the invisible crowd visible, while social recommender systems try to introduce people directly. However, it is not clear whether users desire or will respond to social cues indicating the presence of other people when they are focused on a task. To investigate this issue, we created an online game-playing task and paired subjects to perform the task based on their responses to a short survey about demographics and interests. We studied how these factors influence task outcomes, the interaction process, and attitudes towards one's partner. We found that demographic similarity affected how people interact with each other, even though this information was not explicit, while similarities or differences in task-relevant interests did not. Our findings suggest guidelines for developing social recommender systems and show the need for further research into conditions that will help such systems succeed.
3-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one: an SHG active β-diketone (1993)

The molecular structure of 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1- (4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanedione in its crystal state was determined as an enol structure, 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (BPMP), C 20 H 22 O 3 , with a disordered tert-butyl group attached to the benzene ring. BPMP has a powder second-order harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency ten times that of urea
Research Notes : United States : Hybridization in genus Glycine subgenus Glycine (1984)

Since the publication of Newell and Hymowitz (1983), we have obtained a considerable number of new intra-and interspecific hybrids in subgenus Glycine. Parents in the hybridization programs were selected based upon their differences in morphology, chromosome number, and the area of origin. These hybrids shown below are being studied cytogenetically.
3D large scale integration technology using Wafer-on-Wafer (WOW) stacking (2010)

Wafer-scale three-dimensional (3D) technologies, so-called Wafer-on-Wafer (WOW), beyond post-scaling for high-density integration are discussed. WOW module technologies consisting of wafer thinning, stacking, TSV (Through-Silicon-Via) interconnects, and packaging are described. No degradation for advanced 35-nm SRAM logic and FRAM devices was observed with ultra-thinning below 10-μm for 300-mm and 200-mm wafers. Production-worthy die yield due to wafer stacking and a comparison of critical scaling for future manufacturability are presented.
Direct Measurement of the Mn(II) Hydration State in Metal Complexes and Metalloproteins through <sup>17</sup>O NMR Line Widths (2013)

Here we describe a simple method to estimate the inner-sphere hydration state of the Mn(II) ion in coordination complexes and metalloproteins. The line width of bulk H2(17)O is measured in the presence and absence of Mn(II) as a function of temperature, and transverse (17)O relaxivities are calculated. It is demonstrated that the maximum (17)O relaxivity is directly proportional to the number of inner-sphere water ligands (q). Using a combination of literature data and experimental data for 12 Mn(II) complexes, we show that this method provides accurate estimates of q with an uncertainty of ±0.2 water molecules. The method can be implemented on commercial NMR spectrometers working at fields of 7 T and higher. The hydration number can be obtained for micromolar Mn(II) concentrations. We show that the technique can be extended to metalloproteins or complex:protein interactions. For example, Mn(II) binds to the multimetal binding site A on human serum albumin with two inner-sphere water ligands that undergo rapid exchange (1.06 × 10(8) s(-1) at 37 °C). The possibility of extending this technique to other metal ions such as Gd(III) is discussed.
Near field microscopy and near field optics (1994)

The early eighties have experienced a revolution in the perception of physical phenomena. This revolution is the birth of a new generation of imaging systems based on the detection of non-radiating fields. The near field optical microscope is the latest of this family. Like its prestigious brothers, the STM and the AFM, it allows one to see the physical world with new eyes. The objective of this article is to provide an overview concerning the physical mechanisms and paradoxes taking place in non-radiative detection. We will first explain the connection between Heisenberg uncertainty relations and the Rayleigh criterion. The fundamental role of evanescent fields will be pointed out through the plane wave expansion. Finally a catalogue of the different configurations currently in use will be given and illustrated with some experimental results.
Chemistry I: Non‐Volatile Compounds (2001)

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Coffee Oil Fatty Acids Diterpenes in the Lipid Fraction of Robusta and Arabica Coffees Sterols Tocopherols Other Compounds Coffee Wax References
Medidas de eficiência na gestão hospitalar: uma análise sobre estudos contemporâneos internacionais e possíveis aplicações no Brasil (2013)

EnglishCharacterized as a test of phenomenological theory based on library research, this study aimed at analyzing some measure of efficiency in hospital management addressed in contemporary international studies, and also compared to identify some of the recent studies in the Brazilian context, all gleaming the ability to identify potential applications for improvement of management in hospital services in general. Since the end of this essay, it is observed that the contribution provided by some Brazilian researchers is significant, however, be taken into account the methodologies and empirical characteristics of international research, there could be a diversification of methodologies to assess this segment, which could become an important factor in improving the process of managing hospital services in general. portuguesCaracterizado como um ensaio teorico de natureza fenomenologica baseado em pesquisas bibliograficas, este trabalho teve por objetivo geral analisar algumas medidas de eficiencia na gestao hospitalar abordadas em estudos internacionais contemporâneos e, ainda, identificar comparativamente alguns dos estudos recentes realizados no contexto brasileiro, tudo isso vislumbrando a possibilidade de identificar possiveis aplicacoes para melhoria do processo de gestao nos servicos hospitalares em geral. Sendo que, ao final deste ensaio, observa-se que a contribuicao proporcionada por alguns pesquisadores brasileiros e significativa, contudo, se levado em conta as metodologias e a caracteristica empirica das pesquisas internacionais, poderia ocorrer uma diversificacao de metodologias de avaliacao neste segmento, o que poderia constituir-se em um fator importante para melhoria do processo de gestao nos servicos hospitalares em geral.
Charge multiplication in Au-SiC (6<i>H</i>) Schottky junctions (1975)

The avalanche multiplication rate for carriers in 6H polytype SiC has been determined from photocurrent data with the assumption of equal hole and electron rates. The optical-phonon mean free path was determined by fitting to the Baraff theory to be λ=58 Å at 300 K. Avalanche breakdown voltages were in accord with Sze’s empirical prediction.
Changes in Mushroom Texture and Cell Wall Composition Affected by Thermal Processing (2004)

ABSTRACT: The effects of thermal processing, calcium, and storage time on texture and cell wall composition of mushrooms were investigated. Whole fruit‐bodies were blanched and retorted with addition of 0, 5, or 25 m M CaCl2. Firmness was determined as force for puncturing and toughness as shear force. Alcohol‐insoluble fractions were extracted from fresh, blanched, and processed mushrooms. Proteins, carbohydrates, and chitin were analyzed in sequential extracts of alcohol‐insoluble solids. Blanching caused an increase in force for puncturing but reduced force for shear. Further retorting did not affect texture, but toughness increased during storage. Calcium increased values for both textural characteristics possibly due to formation of cross‐links between proteins and polysaccha‐rides.
The epitope specificity of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (1996)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is caused by antibodies (HIT-Abs) that bind to a complex of heparin and platelet factor 4. We investigated the epitope specificity of the HIT-Abs, and found that the HIT-Abs recognized solid-phase immobilized complexes with an optimum ratio of four to eight molecules of PF4 per molecule of heparin. To try to define the epitopes within the PF4 molecule, intact and reduced (linearized) PF4 was tested against 29 different sera from patients with HIT. In addition, eight different peptides that spanned the PF4 molecule were studied for their ability to bind to the HIT-Abs either alone or in the presence of heparin. With the exception of a subpopulation of patient samples (5/29, 17%), we found that reduced PF4 and the peptides were uniformly non-reactive with the HIT-Abs in the presence of heparin. Reduced PF4 and PF4 carboxy-terminal peptides with a minimum size of 19 amino acids were recognized by a minority (5/29) of HIT-Abs samples but only when heparin was present. The specificity of this subgroup of samples from patients with HIT was highly restricted and the loss of one amino acid (peptide reduced in length from 19 to 18 amino acids) rendered the peptides non-reactive. The clinical characteristics of these patients were similar to the other HIT patients. These studies demonstrate that the majority of HIT-Abs recognize a noncontiguous conformational epitope on the PF4 molecule that is produced when four to eight PF4 molecules are bound together by heparin.
Down-regulation of antigen-specific antibody production by TCR antagonist peptidesin vivo (2000)

The efficacy of TCR antagonist peptides in inhibition of antigen-specific antibody production and T cell responses in vivo was evaluated. Among amino acid-substituted analogs of a peptide corresponding to residues 119 - 133 of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (p119 - 133), pR124Q and pD129S, prepared by substitution of Gln and Ser for Arg(124) and Asp(129), respectively, have been shown to display TCR antagonist activity for three out of four distinct p119 - 133-specific T cell clones and for polyclonal T cells derived from p119 - 133-immunized C57BL / 6 mice. Both pD129S and pR124Q inhibited in vivo priming and subsequent activation of T cells by p119 - 133 when co-injected with p119 - 133 into mice, as shown by the decreased proliferation of T cells in response to p119-133 in vitro. pD129S significantly inhibited production of anti-p119 - 113 antibodies of IgG1, IgG2b and IgE isotype in vivo when co-injected into mice together with p119 - 133 at the time of the first immunization. However, pR124Q was totally ineffective in inhibition of the antibody responses. Anti-p119 - 133 antibodies from p119 - 133-immunized mice could bind to pR124Q but not to pD129S, suggesting that the difference in cross-reactivity is responsible for the different effect of these two peptides on specific antibody production. Our findings demonstrate that a single TCR antagonist peptide can inhibit antigen-specific polyclonal antibody production when this antagonist peptide does not cross-react with the antibody elicited in response to an antigenic peptide.