gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Satellite cell proliferation is reduced in muscles of obese Zucker rats but restored with loading (2008)

The obese Zucker rat (OZR) is a model of metabolic syndrome, which has lower skeletal muscle size than the lean Zucker rat (LZR). Because satellite cells are essential for postnatal muscle growth, this study was designed to determine whether reduced satellite cell proliferation contributes to reduced skeletal mass in OZR vs. LZR. Satellite cell proliferation was determined by a constant-release 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) pellet that was placed subcutaneously in each animal. Satellite cell proliferation, as determined by BrdU incorporation, was significantly attenuated in control soleus and plantaris muscles of the OZR compared with that shown in the LZR. To determine whether this attenuation of satellite cell activity could be rescued in OZR muscles, soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were denervated, placing a compensatory load on the plantaris muscle. In the LZR and the OZR after 21 days of loading, increases of approximately 25% and approximately 30%, respectively, were shown in plantaris muscle wet weight compared with that shown in the contralateral control muscle. The number of BrdU-positive nuclei increased similarly in loaded plantaris muscles from LZR and OZR. Myogenin, MyoD, and Akt protein expressions were lower in control muscles of OZR than in those of the LZR, but they were all elevated to similar levels in the loaded plantaris muscles of OZR and LZR. These data indicate that metabolic syndrome may reduce satellite cell proliferation, and this may be a factor that contributes to the reduced mass in control muscles of OZR; however, satellite cell proliferation can be restored with compensatory loading in OZR.
An autonomous surface vehicle for water quality monitoring (2009)

We explore the photothermal response of methanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol using the femtosecond laser-induced thermal lens spectroscopy (FTLS) technique. A mode mismatched pump-probe spectroscopic technique was utilized to analyze the influence of localized thermal heating on the photothermal response of solvents. The findings revealed a strong dependence on both the input pump power and the molecular characteristics of the solvents. At significantly high pump power, the excess heat load deposited to the solvent is found to be responsible for the induction of the convection currents in the heat transfer mechanisms. Our results highlight that the influence of pump power on photothermal and thermal lens characteristics is intricately linked to the natural drifting and heat transfer mechanisms of solvent molecules. The molecular motion and existing connective processes were correlated with the molecular characteristics of the samples. The present finding reveals that FTLS is a sensitive probe for comprehending the impact of input laser power, molecular structure, and intermolecular H bonding on the photothermal characteristics and thermo-optical properties of the alcoholic medium.
A copper-oxygen (Cu2-O2) complex. Crystal structure and characterization of a reversible dioxygen binding system (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA copper-oxygen (Cu2-O2) complex. Crystal structure and characterization of a reversible dioxygen binding systemRichard R. Jacobson, Zoltan. Tyeklar, Amjad. Farooq, Kenneth D. Karlin, Shuncheng. Liu, and Jon. ZubietaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 11, 3690–3692Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00219a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00219a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2903Altmetric-Citations348LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Morphological and genetic characteristics of <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> isolates: correlations with virulence in fish (2004)

Variability in pathogenicity of Flavobacterium columnare makes disease treatment difficult because there is currently no way to easily recognize those strains that warrant aggressive treatments. In order to identify suitable virulence markers, 17 isolates of F. columnare were cultured from six different fish species. The DNA from all isolates was analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Bootstrap analysis of the RAPD data produced a tree with three major groups supported by bootstrap scores of 80-100%. Virulence of the isolates was determined by bath exposure of channel catfish, Ictaluruspunctatus (Rafinesque), and golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill), to broth cultures of F. columnare. In channel catfish, 13 of 17 isolates produced 100% mortality within 48 h post-exposure. All isolates of cyprinid fish origin clustered in a single RAPD group. At least two of the four isolates that were not virulent in channel catfish were of cyprinid fish origin. There was a wide variation in cell morphology between isolates with lengths of cells or cell chains ranging from 3 to 11 microm, even under identical culture conditions. Most of the shorter or single cell isolates fell into a single RAPD group. No clear association was identified between virulence and any other characteristic, including RAPD group.
Mortality, Major Cause of Moribundity, and Spontaneous Tumors in CD-1 Mice (1988)

Mortality, major causes of moribundity, and spontaneous tumors in CD-1 mice were studied in 891 males and 890 females, which were used as controls in 11 different 2-year chronic and oncogenicity studies during the past 5 years. Average mortality of males and females at 83 weeks of age was 32.6% and 28.6%, respectively, and at 109 weeks of age was 66.4% and 63.3%, respectively. Mortality was significantly lowered in males and females born after 1980 in accordance with an abruptly decreased occurrence of systemic amyloidosis in these animals. The major cause of death or moribundity included systemic arteritis, systemic amyloidosis, auricular thrombosis, glomerulosclerosis, lymphoma, and pulmonary adenocarcinoma in both sexes. Dysuria and hepatocellular carcinoma in males and mammary adenocarcinoma in females were also critical lesions. The major tumors occurring at more than 3% incidence were systemic lymphoma, adenoma/adenocarcinoma of the lung, adenoma/carcinoma of the liver and adenoma/adenocarcinoma of the Harderian gland for males, and systemic lymphoma, adenoma/adenocarcinoma of the lung, adenoma/carcinoma of the liver, leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma of the uterus, adenoma/adenocarcinoma of the pituitary (anterior), adenoma/adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland and adenoma/adenocarcinoma of the Harderian gland for females. Intralaboratory heterogeneities in the incidence were recorded as follows: systemic lymphoma in 1 of 11 control groups (1/11) and adenoma/adenocarcinoma in 1/11 for males, and systemic lymphoma in 3/11, adenoma/adenocarcinoma of the lung in 2/11, adenoma/adenocarcinoma of the liver in 1/11, and adenoma/adenocarcinoma in 1/11 for females.
Cell Growth and Division in <i>Escherichia coli:</i> a Common Genetic Control Involved in Cell Division and Minicell Formation (1973)

Escherichia coli Div 124(ts) is a conditional-lethal cell division mutant formed from a cross between a mutant that produces polar anucleated minicells and a temperature-sensitive cell division mutant affected in a stage of cross-wall synthesis. Under permissive growth temperature (30 C), Div 124(ts) grows and produces normal progeny cells and anucleated minicells from its polar ends. When transferred to nonpermissive growth temperature (42 C), growth and macromolecular synthesis continue, but cell division and minicell formation are inhibited. Growth at 42 C results in formation of filamentous cells showing some constrictions along the length of the filaments. Return of the filaments from 42 to 30 C results in cell division and minicell formation in association with the constrictions and other areas along the length of the filaments. This gives rise to a "necklace-type" array of cells and minicells. Recovery of cell division is observed after a lag and is followed by a burst in cell division and finally by a return to the normal growth characteristic of 30 C cultures. Recovery of cell division takes place in the presence of chloramphenicol or nalidixic acid when these are added at the time of shift from 42 to 30 C, and indicates that a division potential for filament fragmentation is accumulated while the cells are at 42 C. This division potential is used for the production of both minicells and cells of normal length. The conditional-lethal temperature sensitive mutation controls a step(s) in cross-wall synthesis common to cell division and minicell formation.
A Single Dose of Self-Transcribing and Replicating RNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Produces Protective Adaptive Immunity In Mice (2020)

ABSTRACT A self-transcribing and replicating RNA (STARR™) based vaccine (LUNAR ® -COV19) has been developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vaccine encodes an alphavirus-based replicon and the SARS-CoV-2 full length spike glycoprotein. Translation of the replicon produces a replicase complex that amplifies and prolong SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein expression. A single prime vaccination in mice led to robust antibody responses, with neutralizing antibody titers increasing up to day 60. Activation of cell mediated immunity produced a strong viral antigen specific CD8 + T lymphocyte response. Assaying for intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ and IL-4 positive CD4 + T helper lymphocytes as well as anti-spike glycoprotein IgG2a/IgG1 ratios supported a strong Th1 dominant immune response. Finally, single LUNAR-COV19 vaccination at both 2 μg and 10 μg doses completely protected human ACE2 transgenic mice from both mortality and even measurable infection following wild-type SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Our findings collectively suggest the potential of Lunar-COV19 as a single dose vaccine.
Review of Histogram Equalization Methods for Contrast Enhancement (2015)

Image contrast enhancement techniques can be used in various image processing applications. There are various Image contrast enhancement techniques available. It depends on the particular type of image, which technique will prove better. Histogram equalization is one of the best technique that can be used for contrast enhancement. Different variations of Histogram equalization like Adaptive Histogram Equalization,
Hot-Fluid Annealing for Crystalline Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Stable Suspension (2002)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by controlled hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide in reverse micelles in a hydrocarbon solvent. Upon annealing in situ in the presence of the micelles at temperatures considerably lower than those required for the traditional calcination treatment in the solid state, the TiO2 nanoparticles became highly crystalline but still maintained the same physical parameters and remained in a stable suspension. Thus, the method has allowed the preparation of crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles that are monodispersed in the same way as they are initially produced in the microemulsion. Effects of the fluid properties on the crystallization of nanoparticles are discussed.
Multicomponent adsorption in continuous countercurrent exchangers (1971)

Abstract A theoretical analysis of multicomponent adsorption in continuous countercurrent exchangers is presented. The system is considered to be one-dimensional, isothermal, locally at equilibrium, and to have negligible diffusion effects. With constant initial and entry data the mathematical problem is essentially the same as for a fixed bed except for the boundary condition that suggests a free boundary analogue since it is given by the conservation law itself. Therefore, the boundary discontinuity is naturally encountered. With the Langmuir adsorption isotherm explicit forms for the Riemann invariants and characteristic parameters are available and thus the theories of simple waves and of shock waves as well as of interactions are readily established and applied to determine solutions. Dependence of the system behaviour upon the flow rate ratio is discussed and the steady-state argument proves that the number of steady states attainable in the contacting region is equal to the number of solute species present plus one. Application is illustrated.
Elastic and Piezoelectric Constants of Alpha-Quartz (1958)

The elastic and piezoelectric constants of alpha-quartz have been determined by the resonance (previously known as dynamic) method employing the extensional mode of bars and the contour-extensional mode I (Lam\'e mode) of square plates. It is believed that this approach results in very accurate values.
Application of quality by design in the current drug development (2016)

Quality by Test was the only way to guarantee quality of drug products before FDA launched current Good Manufacturing Practice. To clearly understand the manufacture processes, FDA generalized Quality by Design (QbD) in the field of pharmacy, which is based on the thorough understanding of how materials and process parameters affect the quality profile of final products. The application of QbD in drug formulation and process design is based on a good understanding of the sources of variability and the manufacture process. In this paper, the basic knowledge of QbD, the elements of QbD, steps and tools for QbD implementation in pharmaceutics field, including risk assessment, design of experiment, and process analytical technology (PAT), are introduced briefly. Moreover, the concrete applications of QbD in various pharmaceutical related unit operations are summarized and presented.
Interaction of water with α,α-trehalose in solution: molecular dynamics simulation approach (1994)

Molecular simulations of an aqueous solution of α,α-trehalose (α-D-glucopyranosylα-D-glucopyranoside) have been carried out to further the understanding of the effect of α,α-trehalose as a protecting agent against water stress in biological systems. The hydrogen-bond network and water dynamics were found to be only slightly altered compared with pure water (SPC/E model). Some internal hydrogen bonds in trehalose stabilize the conformation that was found to have glycosysidic dihedral angles of 215° and 216°. It is found that trehalose can fit into a water structure involving at least ten water molecules per trehalose. Results support the view that the ability of trehalose to protect against water stress is due to the stabilization of biological structures and not to modification of the properties of water.
The Ig mutator is dependent on the presence, position, and orientation of the large intron enhancer (1998)

Hypermutation at the Ig loci is confined to the area between the promoter and the intronic enhancer, which includes the rearranged variable region gene segment. We identified factors that contribute to the site-specificity at the heavy chain locus. We found that distance from both the promoter and the intronic enhancer is crucial in hypermutation. The presence of the enhancer is required, and, in contrast to its definition for transcriptional activity, its effect is orientation-sensitive.
Tracking control of a small unmanned air vehicle with airflow awareness (2017)

Flying animals are so well adapted to their complex natural environment, that their aerial locomotive flight mechanisms attract much attention in the context of designing high performance flying robots. Inspired from the sensing and flight control strategies of birds and bats, a bioinspired robust tracking control method for small unmanned air vehicles using in-situ measured airflow information, is proposed. First, the relationship between the airflow measurment and aerodynamic forces is presented. Then, an aerodynamic model is derived, with the aerodynamic forces calculated from the flow measurment. To cope with the un-modeled dynamics, wind gust disturbances, and measurement noise, a robust sliding mode tracking controller is derived using the backstepping framework. Finally, a simulation system is created to test the effectiveness of the proposed tracking control method. The results demonstrate that the proposed tracking control system provides an enhanced tracking performance.
Robust Procedures in Multivariate Analysis I: Robust Covariance Estimation (1980)

SUMMARY The detection of atypical observations from multivariate data sets can be enhanced by examining probabilityplotsofMahalanobis squared distances using robust M-estimates of means and of covariances, rather than the usual maximum likelihood estimates. The weights associated with the robust estimation can also be used to indicate atypical observations. For uncontaminated data, the robust estimates are similar to the usual estimates. A procedure for robust principal component analysis is given; it also indicates atypical observations and provides an analysis relatively little influenced by such observations.
Improved quantitation for PET/CT image reconstruction with system modeling and anatomical priors (2005)

Accurate quantitation of PET tracer uptake levels in small tumors remains a challenge. This work uses an improved reconstruction algorithm to reduce the quantitative errors due to limited system resolution and due to necessary image noise reduction. We propose a method for finding and using the detection system response in the projection matrix of a statistical reconstruction algorithm. In addition we use aligned anatomical information, available in PET/CT scanners, to govern the penalty term applied during each image update. These improvements are combined with FORE rebinning in a clinically feasible algorithm for reconstructing fully 3D PET data. Simulated results show improved tumor bias and variance characteristics with the new algorithm.
Studies on thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer. XI. Effect of amide group on thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer properties (1993)

Abstract A series of poly(azomethine)s containing amide, ether, or ester groups was prepared by the condensation of dialdehydes with various diamines. The thermotropic liquid crystalline properties were examined by DSC and microscopic observations. The effects of the number and position of amide groups, which are attached to the rigid segment, on the thermotropic liquid crystalline properties of the homo‐and copoly(amide‐azomethine‐ether)s were also investigated in this study. The copolymerization took place by changing the amount of amide group to obtain copoly(amide‐azomethine) ( P13 and P14 ) which exhibit thermotropic liquid crystalline properties. The poly(azomethine)s containing ether or ester groups also exhibited thermotropic liquid crystalline properties. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Proteomic characterization of early-stage differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into neural cells induced byall-trans retinoic acidin vitro (2001)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are totipotent stem cells, which can differentiate into various kinds of cell types, including neurons. They are widely used as a model system for investigating mechanisms of differentiation events during early mouse development. In this study, proteomic techniques were used to approach the protein profile associated with the early-stage differentiation of ES cells into neuronal cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in vitro. In comparison of the protein profile of parent ES cells with that of ES-derived neural-committed cells, which was induced by ATRA for four days, 24 differentially displayed protein spots were selected from two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels for further protein identification by pepide mass fingerprinting (PMF). Nine proteins were known to being involved in the process of neural differentiation and/or neural survival. Of those, alpha-3/alpha-7 tubulin and vimentin were down-regulated, while cytokeratin 8, cytokeratin 18, G1/S-special cyclin D2, follistatin-related protein, NEL protein, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB alpha-subunit, and thioredoxin peroxidase 2 were upregulated during differentiation of ES cells to neural cells. Additionally, other 12 protein (five upregulated and seven downregulated) spots associated with ES cell differentiation into neuronal cells were not matched to known proteins so far, implicating that they might be novel proteins. The results above indicated that the molecular mechanisms of differentiation of ES cells to neural cells in vitro might be similar to those of other neural systems in vitro and identified that proteomic analysis is an effective strategy to comprehensively unravel the regulatory network of differentiation.
Application of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon nitride as a double layer antireflection coating and passivation layer for polysilicon solar cells (1997)

Reflection losses in passivated emitter solar cell polycrystalline silicon solar cells have been reduced by the application of a double layer antireflection coating of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon nitride (PECVD SixNyHz). The layer was deposited in a single wafer parallel plate reactor powered by a 13.56 MHz rf power supply using SiH4 and NH3 as the reactive gases. The layers deposited had refractive indexes of 2.50 and 1.95 at HeNe wavelength and thicknesses of 42.5 and 64.5 nanometers (nm), respectively. The overall reflectance measured in the wavelength range between 350 and 1150 nm was 8.5%. The extinction coefficient of the high refractive index film showed a significant increase in absorption for short wavelengths. However, the improvement in current collection was higher than expected from the overall reflectance and absorption of the film. Short circuit current was increased by 49% and open circuit voltage increased by 3.3% when compared with uncoated cells. These results imply a passivation effect which increases the open circuit voltage beyond the value expected solely from the current collection addition.
Random Fields for Image Registration (2011)

Image registration is a key component in image analysis and in problems such as motion estimation or image fusion. In this thesis, discrete optimization is introduced for the task of image registration. A general framework based on random field is derived which allows to represent both linear and non-linear registration as labeling problems where random variables play the role of transformation parameters. Based on this framework, explicit, problem specific models are defined. In order to bridge the gap between discrete labeling and continuous transformations, a novel optimization procedure is proposed based on iterative labeling with successive label space refinement strategies. The procedure is computationally efficient, avoids local minima through large neighborhood search, and yields high-accurate registration results.