gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular uptake of nanoparticles as determined by particle properties, experimental conditions, and cell type (2013)

The increased application of nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing the risk of their release into the environment. Although many toxicity studies have been conducted, the environmental risk is difficult to estimate, because uptake mechanisms are often not determined in toxicity studies. In the present study, the authors review dominant uptake mechanisms of NPs in cells, as well as the effect of NP properties, experimental conditions, and cell type on NP uptake. Knowledge of NP uptake is crucial for risk assessment and is essential to predict the behavior of NPs based on their physical-chemical properties. Important uptake mechanisms for eukaryotic cells are macropinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis in specialized mammalian cells. The studies reviewed demonstrate that uptake into nonphagocytic cells depends strongly on NP size, with an uptake optimum at an NP diameter of approximately 50 nm. Increasing surface charges, either positive or negative, have been shown to increase particle uptake in comparison with uncharged NPs. Another important factor is the degree of (homo-) aggregation. Results regarding shape have been ambiguous. Difficulties in the production of NPs, with 1 property changed at a time, call for a full characterization of NP properties. Only then will it be possible to draw conclusions as to which property affected the uptake.
Spatial and temporal profiles of flare and hyperalgesia after intradermal capsaicin (2003)

Intradermal injection of capsaicin induces a region of visual flare (neurogenic inflammation) and regions with modality specific hyperalgesia. Their temporal and spatial profiles have been studied to elucidate the mechanism behind neurogenic inflammation and hyperalgesia. Until today, the flare response has mainly been quantified by visual inspection. However, recent developments of thermography and laser-Doppler flowmetry have facilitated quantitative measurement of the neurogenic inflammation. The purpose of the present study was (1). to measure the temporal and spatial profiles of neurogenic inflammation and hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin by using thermography/laser-Doppler flowmetry and various sensory tests, and (2). to correlate the parameters related to neurogenic inflammation with the areas of secondary hyperalgesia. Eight healthy volunteers were injected intradermally with 250 microg of capsaicin. Five minutes after the injection, temperature and blood flow were measured by thermography and a laser-Doppler flowmetry, and followed by assessment of visual flare and hyperalgesia. Punctate hyperalgesia, stroking hyperalgesia, and heat hyperalgesia were assessed by von Frey hair, cotton swab, and radiant heat stimulator, respectively. This procedure was repeated 30 and 60 min after the injection. A significant increase in blood flow and temperature was detected by laser-Doppler flowmetry and thermography (F=102.08, P<0.001, and F=8.46, P=0.002, respectively). Throughout the experiment, the areas of visual flare, stroking hyperalgesia, and punctate hyperalgesia were covered by the area of significantly increased blood flow detected 5 min after the injection. The intensity of pain to heat stimuli significantly increased over time at the distal site and the proximal site (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the pain intensity to radiant heat stimuli inside/outside the area of punctate hyperalgesia. These results seem to indicate that a possible contribution of neurogenic inflammation to secondary hyperalgesia (especially to radiant heat stimuli) must be reconsidered.
Broadband difference frequency generation around phase-match singularity (2005)

It is shown that a wide tunability range of greater than 500 nm can be obtained in the 2μm band in an 18 mm long periodically poled lithium niobate chip with a single quasiphase-matching grating period at a constant temperature. This letter demonstrates the difference frequency generation bandwidth. A tunable bandwidth of over 130 nm is experimentally confirmed in the 2μm region. This broad bandwidth can be realized by means of the phase-match curve distortion caused by the phase-match singularity. The wavelength conversion temperature dependence is also shown for several quasiphase-matching grating periods.
Mechanism-based PK/PD Modeling of the Respiratory Depressant Effect of Buprenorphine and Fentanyl in Healthy Volunteers (2007)

The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship of buprenorphine and fentanyl for the respiratory depressant effect in healthy volunteers. Data on the time course of the ventilatory response at a fixed P(ET)CO(2) of 50 mm Hg and P(ET)O(2) of 110 mm Hg following intravenous administration of buprenorphine and fentanyl were obtained from two phase I studies (50 volunteers received buprenorphine: 0.05-0.6 mg/70 kg and 24 volunteers received fentanyl: 0.075-0.5 mg/70 kg). The PK/PD correlations were analyzed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling. A two- and three-compartment pharmacokinetic model characterized the time course of fentanyl and buprenorphine concentration, respectively. Three structurally different PK/PD models were evaluated for their appropriateness to describe the time course of respiratory depression: (1) a biophase distribution model with a fractional sigmoid E(max) pharmacodynamic model, (2) a receptor association/dissociation model with a linear transduction function, and (3) a combined biophase distribution-receptor association/dissociation model with a linear transduction function. The results show that for fentanyl hysteresis is entirely determined by the biophase distribution kinetics, whereas for buprenorphine hysteresis is caused by a combination of biophase distribution kinetics and receptor association/dissociation kinetics. The half-time values of biophase equilibration (t(1/2, k(eo))) were 16.4 and 75.3 min for fentanyl and buprenorphine, respectively. In addition, for buprenorphine, the value of k(on) was 0.246 ml/ng/min and the value of k(off) was 0.0102 min(-1). The concentration-effect relationship of buprenorphine was characterized by a ceiling effect at higher concentrations (intrinsic activity alpha=0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50-0.62), whereas fentanyl displayed full respiratory depressant effect (alpha=0.91, 95% CI: 0.19-1.62).
Big Data Perspective and Challenges in Next Generation Networks (2018)

With the development towards the next generation cellular networks, i.e., 5G, the focus has shifted towards meeting the higher data rate requirements, potential of micro cells and millimeter wave spectrum. The goals for next generation networks are very high data rates, low latency and handling of big data. The achievement of these goals definitely require newer architecture designs, upgraded technologies with possible backward support, better security algorithms and intelligent decision making capability. In this survey, we identify the opportunities which can be provided by 5G networks and discuss the underlying challenges towards implementation and realization of the goals of 5G. This survey also provides a discussion on the recent developments made towards standardization, the architectures which may be potential candidates for deployment and the energy concerns in 5G networks. Finally, the paper presents a big data perspective and the potential of machine learning for optimization and decision making in 5G networks.
Liver T2-weighted MR imaging: comparison of fast and conventional half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo, breath-hold turbo spin-echo, and respiratory-triggered turbo spin-echo sequences. (1997)

Images obtained with the fast HASTE sequence were free from motion artifacts, and observer diagnostic performance was similar to that with the respiratory-triggered turbo SE sequence.
Alkylation of Ethyl, Isobornyl, and Menthyl Esters of 2-Methylbutanoic Acid (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation of Ethyl, Isobornyl, and Menthyl Esters of 2-Methylbutanoic AcidRichard E. Pincock and John H. RolstonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 10, 2990–2992Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01033a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01033a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design, construction, and analysis of a large scale inner stator radial flux magnetically geared generator for wave energy conversion (2017)

A magnetically geared machine (MGM) integrates a magnetic gear with a low torque, high speed electric machine to create a single compact high torque, low speed device with the size advantages of a mechanically geared system and the reliability of a direct drive machine. This work investigates the use of MGMs for wave energy conversion through the development of a large scale magnetically decoupled inner stator radial flux magnetically geared generator rated for 10 kW at an input speed of 30 rpm. Critical design trends are illustrated using parametric 2D and 3D finite element simulation results. Information is also provided about the prototype's mechanical structure and key magneto-mechanical design considerations, including the impact of modulator bridges and the extent of axially escaping leakage flux. The prototype's experimental stall torque of 3870 N·m represents a 99.1% match with the simulated stall torque and corresponds to volumetric and gravimetric torque densities of 82.8 kN·m/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and 14.5 N·m/kg, respectively. Additionally, the prototype achieves an experimental efficiency of approximately 90% over much of its operating range.
Imaging-based Quantification of Hepatic Fat: Methods and Clinical Applications (2009)

Fatty liver disease comprises a spectrum of conditions (simple hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis with inflammatory changes, and end-stage liver disease with fibrosis and cirrhosis). Hepatic steatosis is often associated with diabetes and obesity and may be secondary to alcohol and drug use, toxins, viral infections, and metabolic diseases. Detection and quantification of liver fat have many clinical applications, and early recognition is crucial to institute appropriate management and prevent progression. Histopathologic analysis is the reference standard to detect and quantify fat in the liver, but results are vulnerable to sampling error. Moreover, it can cause morbidity and complications and cannot be repeated often enough to monitor treatment response. Imaging can be repeated regularly and allows assessment of the entire liver, thus avoiding sampling error. Selection of appropriate imaging methods demands understanding of their advantages and limitations and the suitable clinical setting. Ultrasonography is effective for detecting moderate or severe fatty infiltration but is limited by lack of interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility. Computed tomography allows quantitative and qualitative evaluation and is generally highly accurate and reliable; however, the results may be confounded by hepatic parenchymal changes due to cirrhosis or depositional diseases. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with appropriate sequences (eg, chemical shift techniques) has similarly high sensitivity, and MR spectroscopy provides unique advantages for some applications. However, both are expensive and too complex to be used to monitor steatosis.
FoxM1, a Forkhead Transcription Factor Is a Master Cell Cycle Regulator for Mouse Mature T Cells but Not Double Positive Thymocytes (2010)

FoxM1 is a forkhead box transcription factor and a known master regulator required for different phases of the cell cycle. In cell lines, FoxM1 deficient cells exhibit delayed S phase entry, aneuploidy, polyploidy and can't complete mitosis. In vivo, FoxM1 is expressed mostly in proliferating cells but is surprisingly also found in non-proliferating CD4(+)CD8(+) double positive thymocytes. Here, we addressed the role of FoxM1 in T cell development by generating and analyzing two different lines of T-cell specific FoxM1 deficient mice. As expected, FoxM1 is required for proliferation of early thymocytes and activated mature T cells. Defective expression of many cell cycle proteins was detected, including cyclin A, cyclin B1, cdc2, cdk2, p27 and the Rb family members p107 and p130 but surprisingly not survivin. Unexpectedly, loss of FoxM1 only affects a few cell cycle proteins in CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes and has little effect on their sensitivity to apoptosis and the subsequent steps of T cell differentiation. Thus, regulation of cell cycle genes by FoxM1 is stage- and context-dependent.
Automated lip-synch and speech synthesis for character animation (1986)

An automated method of synchronizing facial animation to recorded speech is described. In this method, a common speech synthesis method (linear prediction) is adapted to provide simple and accurate phoneme recognition. The recognized phonemes are then associated with mouth positions to provide keyframes for computer animation of speech using a parametric model of the human face. The linear prediction software, once implemented, can also be used for speech resynthesis. The synthesis retains intelligibility and natural speech rhythm while achieving a “synthetic realism” consistent with computer animation. Speech synthesis also enables certain useful manipulations for the purpose of computer character animation.
Colorless and Yellow Forms of N-Hydroxyphthalimide (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColorless and Yellow Forms of N-HydroxyphthalimideWilliam R. Roderick and Weldon G. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 19, 5196–5198Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01576a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01576a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views425Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Casella Sustainability Report 2009 (2009)

Dear Friend, Opportunity.What a fantastic word -in both business, and in life!As a company, the most exciting opportunity we have is this: to be able to ask -today, or Monday morning, or virtually any other morning in the near future -what will the world reward in the next ten, twenty or thirty years?What will it expect from bright, motivated individuals, and from companies like ours?What does the world deeply need from us?From my perspective, the answer to those questions is becoming clearer.We are expected to dedicate our skills, talents, and passion to solving the world's looming problem of limits.For several generations we've been conditioned to ignore the very idea that things exist in finite quantities, especially the natural resources we thought necessary to build a booming nation, bursting with opportunity, material abundance, and technological triumph.Just now, we are all beginning to wake up to the idea that our natural resources have very real limits.this has several implications for every business, and particularly for our company.our entire economy is undergoing a shift towards rewarding behavior and ideas that foster the sustainability of limited resources.and not just for the traditional concept of resources like air, water, land, soil, or minerals, but for all assets including people, time, relationships, capital, customers, intellectual property, education, and social networks.We are now seeing a new paradigm for opportunity and abundance in our ability to use these resources responsibly.at Casella Waste systems, we are beginning this journey by learning about our own capacity for innovation and problem solving around the challenges of building a business that contributes to the environmental and economic sustainability of the communities in which we work and live.this report represents an important early step toward sustainability, transparently presenting both our accomplishments and our shortcomings.the initiatives and targets we report here reflect our four key sustainability priorities: 1) to grow as experts in the field of sustainability 2) to advance our commitment to environmental protection 3) to continue to build our people and our communities 4) to develop strong and enduring relationships with our customers through consistent improvement in these four areas, we will be positioned to adapt and thrive well into the future.this report will serve as our road map moving forward, and through annual updates and revisions we can effectively respond to ever-evolving challenges and opportunities.We appreciate your time and thought in reading this, and we look forward to your feedback.
국회의원선거의 정책선거 여부 분석 -18대총선과 19대총선을 중심으로- (2015)

대의제민주정치에서, 유권자들이 투표할 후보자를 선택할 때 공약은 매우 중요하다. 2012년에 치러진 제19대국회의원선거는 많은 의미를 가지고 있다. 2004년의 예비후보 자제도 도입과 참여경선제 도입, 2006년 지방선거부터 본격화된 매니페스토 운동 등 정책선거를 위한 노력의 성공적 정착의 기로이기도 하였다. 이러한 측면에서, 국회의 원선거의 정책지향 정도를 중앙선거관리위원회가 발간하는 유권자의식조사를 주요 자료로 분석하였다. 특히 제18대총선과 제19대총선을 중심으로 분석하여 보았다. 선거일 1주일쯤 전에 지지할 후보자를 결정한 유권자를 주로 분석하였다. 이들 중 꼭 투표한 다는 유권자는 정책과 공약을 고려하여 실제로 투표한 것으로 보인다. 또한 제18대국 회의원들이 제시했던 공약에 대한 이행정도를 분석하였다. 그리고 이들이 19대 국회 의원선거에서 당선되었는지를 분석해 보았다. 그 결과 비패권지역에서는 선거공약의 실행정도가 낮은 경우에는 재출마할 때 당선가능성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 유권 자들은 공약을 투표에서 고려하고 있으며, 정책선거의 가능성이 점차 높아지고 있다고 할 수 있다.
Algorithmic Trading Patterns in Xetra Orders (2007)

Abstract Computerized trading controlled by algorithms – “Algorithmic Trading” – has become a fashionable term in investment banking. We investigate a set of Xetra order data to find traces of algorithmic trading by studying the lifetimes of cancelled orders. Even though it is widely agreed that an algorithm must randomize its order activities to avoid exploitation by other traders, we still find systematic patterns in the submission and cancellation of certain Xetra orders, indicating the activity of algorithmic trading. The trading patterns observed might be interpreted as fishing for profitable roundtrips.
Multiflake Thin Film Electronic Devices of Solution Processed 2D MoS<sub>2</sub> Enabled by Sonopolymer Assisted Exfoliation and Surface Modification (2014)

International audience
Continuous retrieval of multimedia data using parallelism (1993)

Most implementations of workstation-based multimedia information systems cannot support a continuous display of high resolution audio and video data and suffer from frequent disruptions and delays termed hiccups. This is due to the low I/O bandwidth of the current disk technology, the high bandwidth requirement of multimedia objects, and the large size of these objects, which requires them to be almost always disk resident. A parallel multimedia information system and the key technical ideas that enable it to support a real-time display of multimedia objects are described. In this system, a multimedia object across several disk drives is declustered, enabling the system to utilize the aggregate bandwidth of multiple disks to retrieve an object in real-time. Then, the workload of an application is distributed evenly across the disk drives to maximize the processing capability of the system. To support simultaneous display of several multimedia objects for different users, two alternative approaches are described. The first approach multitasks a disk drive among several requests while the second replicates the data and dedicates resources to each individual request. The trade-offs associated with each approach are investigated using a simulation model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 330μm×90μm opto-electronically integrated wireless system-on-chip for recording of neural activities (2018)

Recording neural activity in live animals in vivo poses several challenges. Electrical techniques typically require electrodes to be tethered to the outside world directly via a wire, or indirectly via an RF Coil [1], which is much larger than the electrodes themselves. Tethered implants result in residual motion between neurons and electrodes as the brain moves, and limits our ability to measure from peripheral nerves in moving animals, especially in smaller organisms such as zebra fish or fruit flies. On the other hand, optical techniques, which are becoming increasingly powerful, are nonetheless often limited to subsets of neurons in any given organism, impeded by scattering of the excitation light and emitted fluorescence, and limited to low temporal resolution [2]. Here we present the electronics for an untethered electrode unit, powered by, and communicating through a microscale optical interface, combining many benefits of optical techniques with high temporal-resolution recording of electrical signals.
Presentation Agents That Adapt to Users' Visual Interest and Follow Their Preferences (2019)

This research proposes an interactive presentation system that employs eye gaze as an intuitive and unobtrusive input modality. Eye movements are an excellent clue to users' attention, visual interest, and preference. By analyzing and interpreting eye behavior in real-time, our system can adapt to the current (visual) interest state of the user, and thus provide a more personalized and 'attentive' experience of the presentation. The system implements a virtual presentation room, where research content is presented by a team of two highly realistic 3D agents in a dynamic and interactive way. A small preliminary study was conducted to investigate users' gaze behavior with a non-interactive version of the system. A demo video based on our system was awarded as the best application of life-like agents at the GALA event in 2006.