gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of ABA Triblock Copolymers via Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization and Living Polymerization of α-Amino Acid−<i>N</i>-Carboxyanhydrides (2001)

The synthesis of poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate)-b-polyoctenamer-b-poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) (13) and poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate)-b-polyethylene-b-poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) (14) triblock copolymers is described. α,ω-Bisamino-terminated polyoctenamer (5) was used to prepare a difunctional macroinitiator (12) used for the living polymerization of γ-benzyl-l-glutamic acid−N-carboxyanhydride (Glu−NCA) to form the triblock copolymers. 5 was synthesized by acyclic diene metathesis polymerization of 1,9-decadiene (1) in the presence of 11-phthalimido-1-undecene (2) and Grubbs' metathesis catalyst, RuCl2(CHPh)(PCy3)2 (3). Deprotection of the resulting phthalimide end-functionalized polymers (4) was performed, leading to difunctional 5 with number-average functionalities close to two. These methods allow the controlled preparation of polypeptide/(hydrocarbon polymer) block architectures with good control over the chain lengths of both domains and without formation of homopolypeptide contaminants.
An Endonuclease Induced after Infection of Escherichia coli with Bacteriophage T7 (1970)

Abstract The deoxyribonuclease purified from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T7 catalyzes an endonucleolytic cleavage of both single- and double-stranded DNA. During the hydrolysis of duplex DNA single-strand breaks are introduced. These interruptions can be repaired by incubation in the polynucleotide ligase reaction. Prolonged incubation of native DNA with the enzyme leads to fragmentation of the DNA, as measured by sedimentation analysis in neutral sucrose gradients. Hydrolysis of native DNA yields polynucleotides bearing 5'-phosphory1 and 3'-hydroxyl termini; the 5'-end groups are predominantly pyrimidine residues. Extensive hydrolysis of denatured T7, native T7, and native E. coli DNA yields products having average molecular weights of 6 x 103, 1 x 105, and 6 x 103, respectively.
A Buffered Alcohol-Based Fixative for Histomorphologic and Molecular Applications (2016)

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is the predominant preparation for diagnostic histopathological evaluation and increasingly the biospecimen on which molecular diagnostics are performed. However, formalin is carcinogenic and results in cross-linking of proteins and nicking and alterations of nucleic acids. Alternative fixatives, including 70% ethanol, improved biomolecular integrity; however, they have yet to replace neutral-buffered formalin (NBF). Herein, we describe the phosphate-buffered ethanol 70% (BE70) fixative. The histomorphology of BE70-fixed tissue is very similar to that of NBF; however, it is a non-cross-linking fixative and lacks the carcinogenic profile of formaldehyde-based fixatives. RNA isolated from tissue fixed in BE70 was of substantially higher quality and quantity than that was recovered from formalin-fixed tissue. Furthermore, the BE70 fixative showed excellent RNA and DNA integrity compared with that of NBF fixative based on real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis results. Immunohistochemical staining was similar for the antigen tested. In conclusion, BE70 is a non-cross-linking fixative that is superior to NBF and 70% ethanol with reference to biomolecule recovery and quality from paraffin-embedded tissue. Additional studies to compare the histomorphologic and immunohistochemical performance and utility in a clinical setting are required.
Ion Beam Assisted Maskless Etching of GaAs by 50 keV Focused Ion Beam (1982)

Maskless etching of GaAs by means of an ion beam assisted etching technique has been investigated using a 50 keV focused Au beam, and it is found that ion beam assisted etching is very promising for maskless direct etching with a high etching rate. The Au + focused beam was irradiated on GaAs in chlorine ambient gas. It was observed that this etching technique gives a smooth etched surface with an etching rate of 2 µm·min -1 ·mA -1 ·cm 2 , which is about 100 times larger than the value observed for physical sputter etching without chlorine gas. From the measurement of mass spectra it was observed that about 75 percent of chlorine gas reacts with residual water vapour and HCl gas is produced. It is considered that both chlorine and HCl gases play an important role in the enhancement of etching.
Adding 64-bit pointer support to a 32-bit run-time library (1996)

has extended the address space accessible to applications beyond the traditional 32-bit address space. This new address space is referred to as 64-bit virtual memory and requires a 64-bit pointer for memory access. The operating system has an additional set of new memory allocation routines that allows programs to allocate and release 64-bit memory. In OpenVMS Alpha version 7.0, this set of routines is the only mechanism available to acquire 64-bit memory. For application programs to take advantage of these new OpenVMS programming interfaces, high-level programming languages such as C had to support 64-bit pointers. Both the C compiler and the C runtime library required changes to provide this support. The compiler needed to understand both 32-bit and 64-bit pointers, and the run-time library needed to accept and return such pointers. The compiler has a new qualifier called /pointer_size, which sets the default pointer size for the compilation to either 32 bits or 64 bits. Also added to the compiler are pragmas (directives) that can be used within the source code to change the active pointer size. An application program is not required to compile each module using the same /pointer_size qualifier; some modules may use 32-bit pointers while others use 64-bit pointers. Benson, Noel, and Peterson describe these compiler enhancements. The DEC C User’s Guide for OpenVMS Systems documents the qualifier and the pragmas. The C run-time library added 64-bit pointer support either by modifying the existing interface to a function or by adding a second interface to the same function. Public header files define the C run-time library interfaces. These header files contain the publicly accessible function prototypes and structure definitions. The library documentation and header files are shipped with the C compiler; the C run-time library ships with the operating system. This paper discusses all phases of the enhancements to the C run-time library, from project concepts through the analysis, the design, and finally the implementation. The DEC C Runtime Library Reference Manual for OpenVMS Systems contains user documentation regarding the changes.
GenFlow: generic flow for integration, management and analysis of molecular biology data (2004)

A large number of DNA sequencing projects all over the world have yielded a fantastic amount of data, whose analysis is, currently, a big challenge for computational biology. The limiting step in this task is the integration of large volumes of data stored in highly heterogeneous repositories of genomic and cDNA sequences, as well as gene expression results. Solving this problem requires automated analytical tools to optimize operations and efficiently generate knowledge. This paper presents an information flow model , called GenFlow, that can tackle this analytical task.
A weighted exact test for mutually exclusive mutations in cancer (2016)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A War of Words: How Fundamentalist Rhetoric Threatens Reproductive Autonomy (2009)

This Comment argues that the recent use of the term "adoption" to define the decision of one couple to donate an unused embryo to a different couple for implantation is simply an attempt by those opposed to abortion to chip away at reproductive rights.
The Clinical Significance of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR, which Are Novel Markers Expressed in Human Colon Cancer (2014)

DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR are blood-based molecular markers that can potentially be used for the diagnosis of early stage patients. Moreover, expression of DC-SIGN in serum and cancer tissues may affect the survival time for colon cancer patients.
A New Efficient Catalytic System for the Meyer-Schuster Rearrangement (1994)

The Meyer-Schuster rearrangement is efficiently catalysed by a system comprising ammonium metavanadate, diphenyl silanediol and dicarboxylic acid.
The Politics of Becoming a Practitioner (1992)

President, D.C. Physical Therapy Association reprinted from May 1992 D.C. Stimulator, publication of the D.C. Physical Therapy Association
Les enjeux écologiques de Palo Verde (Costa Rica) (1992)

Près de Palo Verde a été créé un parc naturel. Un projet d’irrigation risque de perturber l’écologie de la région. Une carte de son écosystème a été établie par télédétection, pour évaluer l’impact d’un tel projet.
Point-by-Point Dip Coated Long-Period Gratings in Microfibers (2014)

A point-by-point dip coating method has been proposed and demonstrated for fabricating long-period gratings (LPGs) in microfibers. Using a high precision 3D translation stage, the grating structure is formed by periodically immersing the microfiber into a miniature polydimethylsiloxane droplet suspended at the end-tip of the single mode fiber. A 10-period LPG with a grating period of about 143 μm fabricated in the 7.6 μm diameter microfiber demonstrates a resonant dip of 19 dB. Investigations of the strain and temperature response characteristics of the fabricated devices show that the devices have great potential for tunable filter and sensor applications with the merits of flexibility and compactness.
Modification of α-Chain or β-Chain Heme Pocket Polarity by Val(E11) → Thr Substitution Has Different Effects on the Steric, Dynamic, and Functional Properties of Human Recombinant Hemoglobin (1997)

The dynamic and functional properties of mutant deoxyhemoglobins in which either the beta-globin Val67(E11) or the alpha-globin Val62(E11) is replaced by threonine have been investigated through the thermal evolution of the Soret absorption band in the temperature range 300 to 20 K and through the kinetics of CO rebinding after flash photolysis at room temperature. The conformational properties of the modified alpha chain and beta chain distal heme pockets were also studied through x-ray crystallography and molecular modeling. The data obtained with the various techniques consistently indicate that the polar isosteric mutation in the distal side of the alpha chain heme pocket has a larger effect on the investigated properties than the analogous mutation on the beta chain. We attribute the observed differences to the presence of a water molecule in the distal heme pocket of the modified alpha chains, interacting with the hydroxyl of the threonine side chain. This is indicated by molecular modeling which showed that the water molecule present in the alpha chain distal heme pocket can bridge by H bonding between Thr62(E11) and His58(E7) without introducing any unfavorable steric interactions. Consistent with the dynamic and functional data, the presence of a water molecule in the distal heme pocket of the modified beta chains is not observed by x-ray crystallography.
Sorting receptor SORLA: cellular mechanisms and implications for disease (2016)

Sorting-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA) is an intracellular sorting receptor that directs cargo proteins, such as kinases, phosphatases, and signaling receptors, to their correct location within the cell. The activity of SORLA assures proper function of cells and tissues, and receptor dysfunction is the underlying cause of common human malignancies, including Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and obesity. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that govern sorting of SORLA and its cargo in multiple cell types, and why genetic defects in this receptor results in devastating diseases.
ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND FIRM PERFORMANCE IN CHINA: THE ROLE OF RESOURCE ENDOWMENTS (2009)

inclusion in Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research by an authorized administrator of Digital Knowledge at Babson. For more information, please
Privileged Scaffolds or Promiscuous Binders: A Comparative Study on Rhodanines and Related Heterocycles in Medicinal Chemistry (2011)

Rhodanines and related five-membered heterocycles with multiple heteroatoms have recently gained a reputation of being unselective compounds that appear as "frequent hitters" in screening campaigns and therefore have little value in drug discovery. However, this judgment appears to be based mostly on anecdotal evidence. Having identified various rhodanines and related compounds in screening campaigns, we decided to perform a systematic study on their promiscuity. An amount of 163 rhodanines, hydantoins, thiohydantoins, and thiazolidinediones were synthesized and tested against several targets. The compounds were also characterized with respect to aggregation and electrophilic reactivity, and the binding modes of rhodanines and related compounds in published X-ray cocrystal structures were analyzed. The results indicate that the exocyclic, double bonded sulfur atom in rhodanines and thiohydantoins, in addition to other structural features, offers a particularly high density of interaction sites for polar interactions and hydrogen bonds. This causes a promiscuous behavior at concentrations in the "screening range" but should not be regarded as a general knockout criterion that excludes such screening hits from further development. It is suggested that special criteria for target affinity and selectivity are applied to these classes of compounds and that their exceptional and potentially valuable biomolecular binding properties are consequently exploited in a useful way.
Intrinsic changes in developing retinal neurons result in regenerative failure of their axons. (1995)

The failure of mature mammalian central nervous system axons to regenerate after transection is usually attributed to influences of the extraneuronal milieu. Using explant cocultures of retina and midbrain tectum from hamsters, we have found evidence that these influences account for failure of regrowth of only a small minority of retinal axons. For most of the axons, there is a programmed loss of ability to elongate in the central nervous system. We show that there is a precipitous decline in the ability of retinal axons to reinnervate tectal targets when the retina is derived from pups on or after postnatal day 2, even when the target is embryonic. By contrast, embryonic retinal axons can regrow into tectum of any age, overcoming growth-inhibiting influences of glial factors.
Aldose Reductase Catalyzes Reduction of the Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-Oxonon-2-enal (2003)

Recent studies found that 4-oxonon-2-enal (4ONE) is a highly reactive product of lipid peroxidation that can modify peptides and protein sulfhydryls. Because aldose reductase (AR) was shown earlier to catalyze reduction of an alpha,beta-unsaturated lipid aldehyde, 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4HNE), it was systematically investigated if this enzyme could represent a pathway for 4ONE metabolism as well. 4ONE, the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of 4ONE (GS-4ONE), and 1-hydroxynonen-4-one (1HNO), the predicted initial metabolite of 4ONE reduction, were incubated with AR and NADPH, and kinetic constants were measured. The initial product of AR-mediated 4ONE reduction was identified as 1HNO, which could be further reduced to DHN, catalyzed by AR. This result indicates that the order of 4ONE carbonyl reduction is aldehyde and then ketone. 1HNO was found to be an electrophile toward GSH with reactivity approximately 55-fold less than 4ONE but approximately 2-fold higher than that of 4HNE. The enzyme had activity toward GS-4ONE, exhibiting a approximately 4-fold higher k(cat)/K(M) for GS-4ONE as compared to 4ONE. In the presence of NADPH, 4ONE did not inactivate AR, whereas in the absence of the cofactor, approximately 60% of the enzyme activity was lost. The orientation of 4ONE in the AR active site was predicted using molecular modeling to explain the reactivity of 4ONE toward the enzyme. These simulations revealed that concurrent with NADPH binding to AR, Cys 298 is oriented such that the thiol group will not interact with 4ONE. Results of the present study are the first to demonstrate that AR may represent a pathway for metabolism of 4ONE and GS-4ONE.
Trends, Major Medical Complications, and Charges Associated With Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis in Older Adults (2010)

Among Medicare recipients, between 2002 and 2007, the frequency of complex fusion procedures for spinal stenosis increased while the frequency of decompression surgery and simple fusions decreased. In 2007, compared with decompression, simple fusion and complex fusion were associated with increased risk of major complications, 30-day mortality, and resource use.
Drum Brake Interface Pressure Distributions (1991)

A review of recent research work predicting contact and pressure distributions at the friction interface of drum brakes is presented. Previously published results are summarized and used, together with new results, to illustrate the effects of friction coefficient, lining compressibility and brake shoe stiffness, actuation force, lining/drum conformity, and wear, on brake performance. The results are discussed in the context of geometry and bulk deformation effects, and of macroscopic interface pressure distribution effects, and confirm the importance of interface pressure distribution in the performance and continued operation of drum brakes to required design levels.
Metal oxide nanostructures by a simple hot water treatment (2017)

Surfaces with metal oxide nanostructures have gained considerable interest in applications such as sensors, detectors, energy harvesting cells, and batteries. However, conventional fabrication techniques suffer from challenges that hinder wide and effective applications of such surfaces. Most of the metal oxide nanostructure synthesis methods are costly, complicated, non-scalable, environmentally hazardous, or applicable to only certain few materials. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a simple metal oxide nanostructure fabrication method that can overcome all these limitations and pave the way to the industrial application of such surfaces. Here, we demonstrate that a wide variety of metals can form metal oxide nanostructures on their surfaces after simply interacting with hot water. This method, what we call hot water treatment, offers the ability to grow metal oxide nanostructures on most of the metals in the periodic table, their compounds, or alloys by a one-step, scalable, low-cost, and eco-friendly process. In addition, our findings reveal that a "plugging" mechanism along with surface diffusion is critical in the formation of such nanostructures. This work is believed to be of importance especially for researchers working on the growth of metal oxide nanostructures and their application in functional devices.
Three Members of Polyamine Modulon under Oxidative Stress Conditions: Two Transcription Factors (SoxR and EmrR) and a Glutathione Synthetic Enzyme (GshA) (2015)

Members of polyamine modulon whose synthesis is enhanced at the level of translation were looked for under oxidative stress conditions caused by 0.6 μM K2TeO3. When an Escherichia coli polyamine-requiring mutant MA261 was cultured in the presence of K2TeO3, the degree of polyamine stimulation of cell growth was greater than in cells cultured in the absence of K2TeO3. Under these conditions, synthesis of SoxR, a transcriptional factor for expression of the superoxide response regulon, EmrR, a negative transcriptional factor for expression of the genes for drug excretion proteins, EmrA and EmrB, and of GshA, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase necessary for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, were stimulated by polyamines at the level of translation. Polyamine stimulation of SoxR and EmrR synthesis was dependent on the existence of an unusually located Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence in soxR and emrR mRNAs. Polyamine stimulation of GshA synthesis was due to the existence of the inefficient initiation codon UUG instead of AUG. Polyamine stimulation of the synthesis of EmrR was mainly observed at the logarithmic phase of growth, while that of the synthesis of SoxR and GshA was at the stationary phase. These results strongly suggest that polyamines are involved in easing of oxidative stress through stimulation of synthesis of SoxR, EmrR and GshA together with RpoS, previously found as a member of polyamine modulon at the stationary phase.
The Po-tree: a Real-time Spatiotemporal Data Indexing Structure. (2004)

This document describes the Po-tree, a new indexing structure for spatiotemporal databases with real-time constraints. Natural risks management and other system can use arrays of spatially referenced sensors, each of them sending their measurements to a central database. Our solution tries to facilitate the indexing of these data, while favoring the newer ones. It does so by combining two sub-structures for the spatial and temporal components. While Mobility is not yet supported, evolutions of the structures shall be able to deal with it.
Use of Mixtures of Fluorescent Pseudomonads to Suppress Take-all and Improve the Growth of Wheat (1994)

Fluorescent Pseudomonas strains were tested alone and in combinations for the ability to suppress take-all in greenhouse and growth chamber tests and to enhance the growth and yield of wheat in fields infested with Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. In general, certain combinations of strains enhanced yield, whereas other mixtures and strains used individually did not. Overall, the best combinations were Q2-87 plus Q1c-80 plus Q8d-80 plus Q6Sc-80, Q2-87 plus Q1c-80 plus Q8d-80 plus Q69c-80, and Q1c-80 plus Q8d-80 plus Q6Sc-80. For example, in a field test on spring-sown wheat at Pullman, WA, during 1989, the treatment Q2-87 plus Q1c-80 plus Q8d-80 plus Q6Sc-80 significantly (P=0.05) increased yield 20.4% compared to a nontreated control, whereas each strain used individually had no significant effect on yield
Technological Evaluation of three Enteric Coating Polymers I. With an Insoluble Drug (1993)

The enteric properties of a recent cellulose polymer, cellulose acetate trimellitate (CAT, EASTMAN KODAK) were evaluated on an insoluble substract for comparison, included in this paper are the properties of two other cellulose esters: cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55).The physical properties and disintegration time at pH 1.2 and 6.5 were influenced by the level of coating solution. The gastroresistance was obtained more fastly with CAT and CAP than for HP55.The influence of coating solution on drug release from tablet was investigated. The dissolution studies were made allowing the variation of pH in the dissolution medium during the kinetics.Drug release from coated tablets was found to be dependent upon the type of polymers used to form film: higher release rates were obtained with CAT compared to CAP and HP55.