gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tetraphenylethene end-capped [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine with aggregation-induced emission and large two-photon absorption cross-sections (2014)

New two-photon absorption dyes (<bold>TPEPT1</bold> and <bold>TPEPT2</bold>) were designed and synthesized. These materials show different 2PA properties and unique AIE effects, in which <bold>TPEPT1</bold> with higher brightness was used to perform a cell-imaging proposal.
Stravinsky and the Muses (1962)

The interrelation of the arts is a fruitful subject for discussion, but leads only to pedantry if the intention is only to make distinctions. It is more interesting to trace the similarities, perhaps even to find an all-embracing identity, but that task demands an unusual range of sensibility. The senses are dependent on separate organs of sensation, so that a sensitive eye is not necessarily housed in the same body as a sensitive ear. The musician may be colour-blind, the painter tone-deaf, and there may even exist some law of compensation in the nervous system, so that the hypertrophy of one sense involves the atrophy of another. Men of universal sensibility are rare, but they do exist and Stravinsky is one of them.
Replicase-Mediated Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Transgenic Plants Involves Suppression of Both Virus Replication in the Inoculated Leaves and Long-Distance Movement (1994)

Tobacco plants transformed with a gene encoding a truncated cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2a replicase protein are resistant to systemic CMV disease. Experiments using protoplasts derived from plants of two R2-generation CMV-resistant transgenic plant lines (lines R2-2 and R2-5) showed that resistance operates at the single cell level. Low levels of CMV-specific RNAs were detected in CMV-inoculated protoplasts obtained from both R2-2 and R2-5 plants indicating that resistance is due at least in large part to a marked but incomplete suppression of virus replication. Leaves of immature plants belonging to line R2-2 occasionally exhibited local chlorosis when inoculated with high concentrations of CMV. Areas of local chlorosis were sites of low but detectable levels of CMV RNA, CMV virions, and CMV replicase activity, but did not act as foci for subsequent systemic disease. An antiserum raised against the CMV 2a replicase protein overexpressed in Escherichia coli was used to detect the presence of trace amounts of the truncated CMV 2a replicase protein in CMV-resistant transgenic tobacco plants. It was concluded that expression of the transgene, potentially as protein, engenders resistance primarily by suppressing virus replication but may also, to a lesser extent, do so by inhibiting systemic movement of the virus.
Non-cyanide Leaching Processes in Gold Hydrometallurgy and Iodine-Iodide Applications: A Review (2014)

Gold is one of the most important sources of currency entry in the economics of any state. Besides mining raw materials, fit for effective gold extraction, residues of gold extraction factories are the source of this precious metal. Moreover, the role of industrial wastes, which has a rich source of nonferrous and noble metals, increases. Processing expediency of complicated wastes is determined by their harmful ecological influence on the environment. Involving to processing of gold, the enumerated sources demands the use of high leading technologies, taking into account the variety of their composition. One of the ways of increasing effectiveness of processing the gold-containing materials may be introduction of direct hydrometallurgy processes. Hydrometallurgical methods of processing differ in low power capacity, simplicity of implement process, decreasing pollution of the environment. It is necessary for this not only to sort out selective solvents, but also to elaborate methods of regeneration and recycling of the used solutions and solvents. At present leaching of gold-containing raw materials by cyanide is the main hydrometallurgical process and the main advantage of cyanide is high selectivity with regard to gold. However, leaching by cyanide solutions has a set of substantial drawbacks: process duration, high cost of the reagent, nonadaptability of “stubborn” ores and concentrates, absence of possible regeneration of cyanide solutions and the main thing is high toxicity of cyanide compounds. Therefore elaboration of new hydrometallurgical methods of extracting gold using selective nontoxic reagents, in particular, iodine solutions is important scientific and practical task.
A novel mouse model of rectal cancer established by orthotopic implantation of colon cancer cells (2004)

A novel intraluminal colon tumor model was established in mice by intrarectal instillation of colon cancer cells followed by short-term induction of colitis by an irritant agent. Male BALB/c mice were fed a diet containing 3% (w/w) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis, and colon 26 cells (1-2 x 10(6) cells/mouse) were infused intrarectally after the mice had been deprived of food for the last 18 h of DSS treatment. The tumor incidence (%) and size (mean volume +/- SD, mm(3)) at the rectal mucosa were 35% (2 +/- 3), 95% (96 +/- 79), 95% (141 +/- 137) and 94% (325 +/- 270) at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after instillation of tumor cells, respectively. Histopathological analyses revealed that a solid tumor was formed initially at the rectal mucosa at 1 week after instillation, then became invasive into the submucosal and muscular tissues at 3 weeks after implantation. Intrarectal instillation of human colon cancer cells, LS174T (1 x 10(7) cells/mouse), mixed with "Matrigel" (0.5 mg/mouse), an extracellular matrix solution, in SCID mice led to formation of rectal tumors at 4 weeks after instillation, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor cells expressed human carcinoembryonic antigen, suggesting that the tumor nodule was derived from the instilled LS174T cells. Oral or intravenous administration of a camptothecin (CPT) derivative, CPT-11, resulted in a significant reduction in tumor incidence and tumor volume in the colon 26-intraluminal implantation system. In conclusion, it was suggested that the present intraluminal colon tumor model is useful for examination of chemotherapeutic agents and also intraluminal factors (dietary compounds, intestinal microflora, etc.) that might function to suppress or enhance the growth of colorectal cancer in situ.
Focused field symmetries for background-free coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (2008)

Spatial symmetries inherent to tight focus optical beams are applied to control the field phase generated at interfaces in nonlinear optical processes. We use these symmetries to obtain a background-free pure Raman spectrum in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy from a resonant medium forming a transverse interface with a nonresonant medium. We demonstrate that the nonresonant medium acts as a local oscillator with which the Raman spectrum is measured in heterodyne detection. This method is relevant to remove the nonresonant background in other third-order resonant processes excited with focused beams.
Thermal Activation of Superconducting Josephson Junctions (2007)

Superconducting quantum circuits (SQCs) are being explored as model systems for scalable quantum computing architectures. Josephson junctions are extensively used in superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) and in persistent-current qubit systems. Noise excitations, however, have a critical influence on their dynamics. Thus, the primary focus of this research was to investigate the effects of thermal ac-tivation on the superconducting properties of Josephson junctions. Specifically, ther-mal noise tends to result in a range of switching currents, values less than the critical current at which a junction switches from the superconducting to the normal state. First, a general review of superconductivity concepts is given, including a treatment of the Josephson phenomena. Next, I describe some of my work on characterizing the current-voltage traces of Josephson junctions tested at 4 K with a Multi-Chip Probe (MCP). Then, I describe thermal activation theory and examine the equations useful for modeling switching current distributions. The Josephson junctions of a SQUID with a ramped bias current were tested for numerous temperatures T &lt; 4.5 K (and
Polymer-linked 6-azauridine 5'-monophosphate, a resin of high bioaffinity to orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (1979)

Condensation of 6-azauridine with ethyl levulinate, followed by saponification or phosphorylation, leads to 2',3'-O-[1-(2-carboxyethyl)ethylidene]-6-azauridine and its 5'-monophosphate. The latter was coupled to 6-aminohexylagarose via its carboxylic group. Using the same synthetic route, agarose-linked uridine 5'-monophosphate has been prepared. Both polymers show specific binding toward orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase. The immobilized inhibitor (6-azauridine 5'-monophosphat) binds the enzyme more strongly than the immobilized uridine 5'-monophosphate. Both resins have been used to separate orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase from orotidine-5'-monophosphate pyrophosphorylase.
Phosphatidylcholine peroxidation induced by Cu(II) and some Cu(II) complexes. (1988)

We established that Cu(II) and its complexes with aspirin, indomethacin and cimetidine produced lipid peroxidation in phosphatidylcholine suspension. Ionic copper was found to have the most pronounced effect, while the effect of the complexes depends on the ligand. Neither of the ligands exerted a prooxidative effect. NADH sharply increased the effects of Cu(II) and its complexes. In contrast, in the presence of ascorbate the prooxidative effect of Cu(II) and its complexes decreased. Cu(II) and its complexes strongly inhibited ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation. Using antioxidant substances, enzymes and copper-chelating agents, we attempted to explain the observed effects of Cu(II) and its complexes.
Preparative and Analytical Separation of Amygdalin and Related Compounds in Injectables and Tablets by Reversed-Phase HPLC and the Effect of Temperature on the Separation (1984)

Previous HPLC procedures for amygdalin and related compounds in injectables and tablets were either time consuming or produced inadequate separations of D-amygdalin and its epimer. A study of the effects of temperature on the separation resulted in development of an HPLC method for amygdalin and some related compounds, using water as the mobile phase at 15 degrees C. Multimilligram quantities of amygdalin and related compounds were separated by this preparative procedure. The aqueous mobile phase allows the compounds to be recovered by simple lyophilization of the sample after elution. This permitted the carbon-13 NMR spectrum of the isolated aglyconic epimer of amygdalin to be reported for the first time. D-amygdalin, its L-mandelonitrile epimer (D-epiamygdalin), their hydrolysis products (the epimeric amides and epimeric acids), and the sugar gentiobiose were separated by the method.
Phenotypic Analysis of Stromal Vascular Fraction after Mechanical Shear Reveals Stress-Induced Progenitor Populations (2016)

Therapeutic, V.
Differential Phosphorylation of T-47D Human Breast Cancer Cell Substrates by D1-, D3-, E-, and A-type Cyclin-CDK Complexes (1997)

The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) promote cell cycle transitions in mammalian cells by phosphorylation of key substrates. To characterize substrates of the G1 and S phase cyclin-CDK complexes, including cyclin D1-CDK4, cyclin D3-CDK4, cyclin D3-CDK6, cyclin E-CDK2, and cyclin A-CDK2, which are largely undefined, we phosphorylated T-47D breast cancer cell nuclear lysates partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography with purified baculovirus expressed cyclin-CDK complexes. A comparison of the substrates that were phosphorylated by the different cyclin D-CDKs revealed some common as well as specific substrates. Hence, cyclin D1-CDK4 specifically phosphorylated a 38-kDa protein while cyclin D3-CDK4 specifically phosphorylated proteins of 105, 102, and 42 kDa. A 24-kDa protein was phosphorylated by both complexes. Cyclin D3-CDK6 exhibited similar substrate preferences to cyclin D3-CDK4, phosphorylating the 105- and 102-kDa proteins but not the 24-kDa protein. Hence, both the cyclin D1 and D3 as well as CDK4 and CDK6 subunits can confer substrate specificity on the overall cyclin D-CDK complex. Cyclin E-CDK2 and cyclin A-CDK2 phosphorylated a greater number of substrates than the cyclin D-CDKs, ranging in size from 10 kDa to over 200 kDa. Twenty-two substrates were common to both complexes, while six were specific for cyclin A-CDK2 and only one protein of 34 kDa was specific for cyclin E-CDK2. These studies indicate that cyclins E and A modulate the specificity of CDK2 and have demonstrated substrates that may be important for the specific roles of these cyclin-CDKs during G1 and S phase progression. Protein sequencing of one of the cyclin-CDK substrates characterized in this study identified this protein as nucleolin, a previously characterized CDC2 (CDK1) substrate, thus indicating the utility of this approach in identifying cyclin-CDK targets. These results show that both the cyclin and CDK subunits can regulate the substrate specificity of the overall cyclin-CDK complex and have demonstrated numerous substrates of D-, E-, and A-type cyclin-CDK complexes potentially involved in regulating transit through the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle.
Optical coherence tomography assessment of the acute effects of stent implantation on the vessel wall: a systematic quantitative approach (2009)

OCT allows a detailed visualisation of vessel injury after stent implantation and enables a systematic classification and quantification in vivo. In this study, frequency of tissue prolapse or intra-stent dissections after stenting was high, irrespective of the clinical presentation of the patients, and was not associated with clinical events during hospitalisation.
Molecular and Functional Phenotypes of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Depend on Harvesting Techniques (2020)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) harvested in different tissues from the same donor exhibit different phenotypes. Each phenotype is not only characterized by a certain pattern of cell surface markers, but also different cellular functionalities. Only recently were different harvesting and processing techniques found to contribute to this phenomenon as well. This study was therefore set up to investigate proteomic and functional properties of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSC). These were taken from the same tissue and donor site but harvested either as aspirate or bone chip cultures. Both MSC populations were profiled for MSC markers defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT), MSC markers currently under discussion and markers of particular interest. While classic ISCT MSC markers did not show any significant difference between aspirate and outgrowth hBM-MSCs, our additional characterization panel revealed distinct patterns of differentially expressed markers. Furthermore, hBM-MSCs from aspirate cultures demonstrated a significantly higher osteogenic differentiation potential than outgrowth MSCs, which could be confirmed using a transcriptional approach. Our comparison of MSC phenotypes obtained by different harvesting techniques suggests the need of future standardized harvesting, processing and phenotyping procedures in order to gain better comparability in the MSC field.
Models of Pseudomonas Growth Kinetics and Shelf Life in Chilled Longissimus dorsi Muscles of Beef (2011)

The aim of this study was to confirm Pseudomonas spp. as the specific spoilage organism (SSO) of chilled beef during aerobic storage and to establish a model to predict the shelf life of beef. Naturally contaminated beef was stored at 4C, and the spoilage limit of Pseudomonas organisms was determined by measuring several quality indicators during storage, including the number of Pseudomonas organisms, total number of bacteria, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) values, L value color scale scores and sensory evaluation scores. The beef was then stored at 0, 4, 7, 10, 15 or 20C for varying amounts of time, and the number of Pseudomonas organisms were counted, allowing a corresponding growth model to be established. The results showed that the presence of Pseudomonas spp. was significantly correlated to each quality characteristic (p<0.01), demonstrating that Pseudomonas spp. are the SSO of chilled beef and that the spoilage limit was 10 8.20 cfu/g. The Baranyi and Roberts equation can predict the growth of Pseudomonas spp. in beef, and the R 2 value of each model was greater than 0.95. The square root model was used as follows, and the absolute values of the residuals were less than 0.05: max 1/2 = 0.15604 [T+(-0.08472)] (p<0.01), R 2 = 0.98, -1/2 = 0.0649+0.0242T (p<0.01, R 2 = 0.94). The model presented here describes the impact of different temperatures on the growth of Pseudomonas spp., thereby establishing a model for the prediction of the shelf life of beef stored between 0 to 20C. (
Applicability of Antibody and mRNA Expression Microarrays for Identifying Diagnostic and Progression Markers of Early and Late Stage Colorectal Cancer (2010)

The exact molecular background and the connection between protein and mRNA expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression are not completely elucidated. Our purposes were the identification of protein markers of colorectal carcinogenesis and progression using protein arrays and validation on tissue microarrays. The connection between antibody and mRNA expression array results was also examined. Using cancerous and adjacent normal samples from 10 patients with early and 6 with advanced CRC, 67 differentially expressed genes were identified between normal and cancerous samples. A marker set containing 6 proteins (CCNA1, AR, TOP1, TGFB, HSP60, ERK1) was developed which could differentiate normal specimen, early and late stage CRC with high sensitivity and specificity. Dukes D stage samples were analyzed on HGU133plus2.0 microarrays. In these samples, mRNA and protein expression of 143 genes showed strong positive correlations ( R 2 > 0.8), while a negative correlation ( R 2 > 0.9) was found in case of 95 genes. Based on our results a correlation could be established between transcriptome and antibody array results, hence the former may be used as a high-capacity screening method before applying antibody arrays containing already planned targets. Antibody microarrays may have a fundamental importance in testing of marker combinations and future application in diagnostics of tumorous diseases.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and HIV-associated nephropathy. (1998)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), the single most common cause of end-stage renal failure in seropositive patients, has increased in incidence by 30% each year since 1991. Occurring almost exclusively in blacks, HIVAN became the third leading cause of ESRD in blacks, ages 20 to 64, in 1995. During that year, the absolute number of new acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases declined for the first time since the epidemic began. The decrease occurred predominantly in white males, whereas in blacks with heterosexual exposures for risk factors, the incidence actually increased. Also in 1995, the number of AIDS-related deaths declined for the first time. If these trends continue, we can expect a continued increase in the number of blacks living with AIDS. We estimate that 1% to 4% will develop renal failure from HIVAN. The incidence of HIVAN can be expected to increase unless new approaches are successful in preventing the spread of HIV-1 in all segments of the population or in treating the renal complications of HIV-1 infection.
Ultra‐fast and accurate assessment of cardiac function in rats using accelerated MRI at 9.4 Tesla (2008)

MRI can accurately and reproducibly assess cardiac function in rodents but requires relatively long imaging times. Therefore, parallel imaging techniques using a 4-element RF-coil array and MR sequences for cardiac MRI in rats were implemented at ultra-high magnetic fields (9.4 Tesla [T]). The hypothesis that these developments would result in a major reduction in imaging time without loss of accuracy was tested on female Wistar rats under isoflurane anesthesia. High-resolution, contiguous short-axis slices (thickness 1.5 mm) were acquired covering the entire heart. Two interleaved data sets (i) with the volume coil (eight averages) and (ii) with the four-element coil array (one average) were obtained. In addition, two-, three-, and fourfold accelerated data sets were generated through postprocessing of the coil array data, followed by a TGRAPPA reconstruction, resulting in five data sets per rat (in-plane voxel size 100 x 100 microm). Using a single blinded operator, excellent agreement was obtained between volume coil (acquisition time: 88 min) and the fourfold accelerated (<3 min) data sets (e.g., LV mass 436 +/- 21 mg vs 433 +/- 19 mg; ejection fraction 74 +/- 5% vs 75 +/- 4%). This finding demonstrates that it is possible to complete a rat cine-MRI study under 3 min with low variability and without losing temporal or spatial resolution, making high throughput screening programs feasible.
The Alzheimer <i>β</i>-amyloid protein precursor/protease nexin-II is cleaved by secretase in a <i>trans</i>-Golgi secretory compartment in human neuroglioma cells (1993)

Alzheimer beta-amyloid protein precursor (beta APP) is expressed endogenously and abundantly by human neuroglioma (H4) cells. Its secretory processing has been shown to involve discrete proteolysis within the beta A4 region, thus preventing beta-amyloid formation, by an enzyme which has been referred to as 'beta APP secretase'. This cleavage results in secretion of a soluble N-terminal 135 kDa protein and retention of an integral membrane C-terminal fragment within the cell. The membrane-associated C-terminal fragment is sorted to lysosomes where it undergoes limited degradation. We show here that most newly synthesized beta APP is degraded via a non-lysosomal pathway before maturation in H4 cells, and most mature beta APP is processed predominantly by the so-called secretase. The rapid kinetics of appearance/disappearance of a cleaved 135 kDa protein within a microsomal fraction and the slow accumulation of this form in the extracellular medium indicated that secretase cleaves beta APP in an intracellular compartment. Low-temperature block (20 degrees C) was used to demonstrate that beta APP is cleaved within a late Golgi compartment after sulphation which occurs in the trans-Golgi network (TGN). This is consistent with (1) the immunolocalization of most of the beta APP within a Golgi compartment that reacts with wheat germ agglutinin, (2) the fact that less than 1.5% of the total mature full-length beta APP is present at the plasma membrane and (3) subcellular fractionation studies which showed that the mature full-length and intracellular cleaved beta APPs co-sediment with a membrane fraction that is slightly more dense than the plasma membrane. This study provides evidence that most of the beta APP secretase in H4 cells is intracellular, and confirms that the resulting C-terminal fragment is delivered to lysosomes immediately after cleavage. These results are discussed with regard to the possibility that mature full-length beta APP escapes secretase cleavage and is delivered directly from the TGN to the lysosome without passing through the plasma membrane. Either pathway will result in the generation of amyloidogenic fragments.