gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Microwave Frequency and Power on Nanometal Growth (2018)

The rapid heating rates (ΔT/δt) achieved in a microwave (MW) reactor has been shown to accelerate reaction rates due to the direct power absorbed (Pabs) into the reactants leading to faster kinetics. The Pabs is proportional to the dielectric cross section of the materials as defined by the real (ε′) and imaginary (ε″) components. In a nanocrystal, the dielectric cross-section will be frequency dependent as well as size dependent. In this work, the frequency dependent growth of nickel nanocrystals at frequencies of 2.45, 15.50, and 18.00 GHz at constant ΔT/δt was studied to evaluate the frequency dependence on MW growth of Ni. A scaling law behavior for growth rates is observed that is shown to depend on the MW electric field strength. A relationship is derived between the “configurational energy” of the precursor molecules and the final nanoparticle size. The study provides a clear description of a microwave effect that is dependent on the frequency and power of the microwave and offers further insight into the physical chemistry of microwave applications to nanomaterial synthesis.
Passive photonic integrated ratiometric wavelength monitor with resolution better than 15 pm (2017)

This paper presents a compact and low-loss photonic integrated device consisting of a Y-branch and a pair of multimode interferometers (MMI) for a ratiometric wavelength monitoring around 1550 nm on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technique. Two MMIs are designed in terms of width and length to achieve overlapping but opposite slope spectral responses used as two edge filters over a wavelength measurement range from 1500 nm to 1600 nm. The developed integrated photonic ratiometric structure demonstrates a suitable discrimination range for a high-speed passive wavelength measurement, with a high resolution better than 15 pm over a 100 nm wavelength range.
Design and implementation of a multi-purpose wireless charger (2016)

In this paper, a multi-purpose wireless charger design and implementation procedure is presented. A simple design based on Colpitts oscillator has been used to implement the transmitter side. The structure of the receiver coil has been optimized to improve the coupling efficiency. The system has been fabricated, cased and tested with different mobile devices and tablets.
The Use of Topical Tacrolimus (FK506/Protopic) in Cutaneous Manifestations of Autoimmune Diseases (2003)

The cutaneous manifestations of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, are common and often recalcitrant to treatment. Unfortunately, therapy for lupus and other autoimmune skin diseases has not advanced and relies heavily on the use of oral and topical corticosteroids. Frequently, treatments prove less than ideal, either from toxicity or lack of efficacy. A topical form of the immunomodulating transplant medication, tacrolimus (FK-506, Protopic), has recently been developed and approved for use in treating atopic dermatitis. Its mechanism of action and local route of administration render tacrolimus a potentially attractive novel therapeutic alternative for the treatment of various autoimmune dermatologic conditions. We report our successful experience using this drug in 3 patients with autoimmune dermatologic disease who were referred to a tertiary care subspecialty clinic.
A portable multimedia information device in a wireless optical data link (2001)

This paper describes implementation of a information device that receives information from a free space optical data link established using visible light LEDs. The visible light, which is transmitted from a transmitter made up of LEDs, is modulated and encoded with data and information. The portable receiver is consisted of a demodulation circuit and an interface to a handheld PC. Software applications have also been developed on this hardware platform so that the mobile PC device can receive data, audio and graphics through the visible light from the transmitter, which is located at some distance from the device. With the high frequency switching of the LEDs, the transmitter appears to be constantly illuminated.
Functional size of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor as determined by radiation inactivation. (1984)

The radiation target size of the functional asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) in purified plasma membranes was determined for human liver and the human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2, by evaluation of the binding of 125I-asialoorosomucoid. Identical inactivation curves were observed for ASGP-R from normal human liver and post-mortem human liver and exhibited a functional unit of 70,000 daltons. The human hepatoma Hep G2 ASGP-R, in contrast, showed a target size of 140,000 daltons. These results suggest that the functional ligand-binding unit of the human ASGP-R is a multimer of the approximately 34,000-dalton unglycosylated receptor polypeptide (Schwartz, A. L., and Rup, D. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11249-11255).
Thinned Fiber Bragg Gratings as High Sensitivity Refractive Index Sensor (2004)

In this work, the numerical and experimental analysis on the use of thinned fiber Bragg gratings as refractive index sensors have been carried out. Wet chemical etching in a buffered hydrofluoric acid solution was used for sensor fabrication. Experimental characterization for an almost full etched cladding sensor is presented demonstrating good agreement with numerical results and resolutions of /spl ap/10/sup -5/ and /spl ap/10/sup -4/ for outer refractive index around 1.45 and 1.333, respectively.
Statistical Analysis of Readthrough Levels for Nonsense Mutations in Mammalian Cells Reveals a Major Determinant of Response to Gentamicin (2012)

The efficiency of translation termination depends on the nature of the stop codon and the surrounding nucleotides. Some molecules, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin), decrease termination efficiency and are currently being evaluated for diseases caused by premature termination codons. However, the readthrough response to treatment is highly variable and little is known about the rules governing readthrough level and response to aminoglycosides. In this study, we carried out in-depth statistical analysis on a very large set of nonsense mutations to decipher the elements of nucleotide context responsible for modulating readthrough levels and gentamicin response. We quantified readthrough for 66 sequences containing a stop codon, in the presence and absence of gentamicin, in cultured mammalian cells. We demonstrated that the efficiency of readthrough after treatment is determined by the complex interplay between the stop codon and a larger sequence context. There was a strong positive correlation between basal and induced readthrough levels, and a weak negative correlation between basal readthrough level and gentamicin response (i.e. the factor of increase from basal to induced readthrough levels). The identity of the stop codon did not affect the response to gentamicin treatment. In agreement with a previous report, we confirm that the presence of a cytosine in +4 position promotes higher basal and gentamicin-induced readthrough than other nucleotides. We highlight for the first time that the presence of a uracil residue immediately upstream from the stop codon is a major determinant of the response to gentamicin. Moreover, this effect was mediated by the nucleotide itself, rather than by the amino-acid or tRNA corresponding to the -1 codon. Finally, we point out that a uracil at this position associated with a cytosine at +4 results in an optimal gentamicin-induced readthrough, which is the therapeutically relevant variable.
Novel high performance self-aligned 0.15 micron long T-gate AlInAs-GaInAs HEMTs (2003)

A novel self-aligned technique for 0.15- mu m-gate-length HEMTs (high electron mobility transistors) has been demonstrated. This technology uses a 0.15- mu m-long T-gate structure defined by e-beam lithography with a SiO/sub 2/ sidewall to implement the self-aligned scheme. The resultant device has low source and drain resistances, low gate resistance (200 Omega /mm), and a passivating layer over the active channel. Devices with an oxide sidewall yielded an f/sub T/ of 177 GHz, whereas devices with no sidewall exhibited an f/sub T/ greater than 250 GHz. The difference has been related to process damage during plasma deposition of SiO/sub 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characteristics of Slurry‐Coated Nickel Zirconia Cermet Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (1990)

Polarization characteristics were studied in nickel and yttria stabilized zirconia cermet (Ni‐YSZ cermet) electrodes in order to search for an adequate fabrication condition of a planar solid oxide fuel cell. Several electrodes were prepared by the slurry coating method, and dc and ac polarization behaviors were investigated at 1273 K in atmosphere. An experimental equation was derived to describe a typical dc polarization curve of a Ni‐YSZ cermet electrode. Effects of fabrication temperature, nickel content, and material powder were investigated in terms of deviation from this equation. Anodic overvoltage with a carefully prepared electrode was decreased to about 0.12V at 1 A/cm2.
Chemistry of Boryllithium: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity (2008)

A series of lithium salts of boryl anion, boryllithiums, were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and crystallographic analysis. In addition to the parent boryllithium compound 35a, structural modification of boryllithium, using saturated C-C and benzannulated C=C backbones in the five-membered ring and mesityl groups on the nitrogen atoms, also allowed generation of the corresponding boryllithium. The solid state structures of boryllithium showed that the boron-lithium bond is polarized where the boron atom is anionic in all (35a x DME)(2), 35a x (THF)(2), 35b x (THF)(2), and 35c x (THF)(2) when compared to the structures of hydroborane 38a-c and optimized free boryl anion opt-46a-c. Dissolution of the isolated single crystals of (35a x DME)(2) and 35a x (THF)(2) in THF-d(8) showed that the boron-lithium bond remained in solution and free DME or THF molecules were observed. Temperature-dependent (11)B NMR chemical shift changes of 35a were observed in THF-d(8) or methylcyclohexane-d(14), suggesting a change of chemical shift anisotropy around the boron center. The HOMO of opt-35a x (THF)(2) had a lone pair character on the boron atom, as observed for phenyllithium, whereas the HOMO of hydroborane 38a corresponds to the pi-orbital of the boron-containing five-membered heterocycle. The polarity of the B-Li bond, estimated by AIM analysis, was similar to that of alkyllithium. Boryllithiums 35a and 35b behave as a base or a boron nucleophile in reaction with organic electrophiles via deprotonation, S(N)2-type substitution, halogen-metal exchange or electron-transfer, 1,2-addition to a carbonyl group, and S(N)Ar reaction. In the case of the reaction with CO(2), intramolecular cyclization followed by CO elimination from borylcarboxylate anion and subsequent protonation gave hydroxyboranes 64a and 64b. The characters of the carbonyl groups in the borylcarbonyl compounds 60a, 60b, 61, 62, and 63a, which were obtained from the reaction of boryllithiums 35a and 35b, were investigated by X-ray crystallography, IR, and (13)C NMR spectroscopy to show that the boryl substituent weakened the C=O bond when compared to carbon substituted analogues.
Analysis of a triploid genetic algorithm over deceptive and epistatic landscapes (2012)

This paper examines the performance of a canonical genetic algorithm (CGA) against that of the triploid genetic algorithm (TGA) introduced in [14], over a number of well known deceptive landscapes and a series of NK landscapes in order to increase our understanding of the the TGA's ability to control convergence. The TGA incorporates a mechanism to control the convergence direction instead of simply increasing the population diversity. Results indicate that the TGA appears to have the highest level of difficulty in solving problems with a disordered pattern. While these problems seem to improve the CGA's performance, it has a negative affect on the performance of the TGA. However, the results illustrate that the TGA performs better on NK-like problems (i.e. the overlapped problems) and NK problems with higher levels of epistasis.
Studying clonal heterogeneity in human cancers. (1993)

Cancers are believed to arise through multistep accumulation of somatic mutations in the progeny of a single cell of origin. In colorectal carcinoma molecular events have been identified at various stages of tumor development along the way from adenomas to metastatic cancer ( 1). We would like to propose that in tumors in which precursor lesions are either ill defined or not readily available, another approach, analysis of DNA samples taken in parallel from different areas of a tumor specimen, may similarly permit dissection of early and late mutational events. Mutations acquired at an early stage of carcinogenesis would be expected to be common to all tumor cells, while late clonal genetic changes would be restricted to particular areas. We investigated several separate DNA samples of a gastric adenocarcinoma from a female patient, including three different areas of moderate and one area of poor differentiation. Tumor samples from all four areas showed the same clonal X-inactivation pattern (Fig. 1/4) (2). However, clonal loss of heterozygosity at Iq21, frequently de tected in stomach (3) and breast cancers (4), was in this case only seen in the poorly differentiated area, but not in the other tumor samples (Fig. IAŸ). It is of course possible that the various regions of this tumor might have arisen independently and would exhibit the same clonal X-inac tivation pattern simply by chance [probability of 0.5', where n is the
Toward an Understanding of the Tidal Fluid Mechanics Associated with the Genesis Flood (1994)

Tidal fluid mechanics associated with a global ocean are investigated using numerical analysis and computer simulation. Tidal waves, with their shallow water wave characteristics, are shown to be perfect candidates for the role of sediment transport and deposition associated with the buildup of thick sequences of sedimentary strata. The global ocean in the tidal context is shown to be near resonance which, if present, would augment the load-carrying ability of the tidal waves. Pertinent variables of fluid friction, ocean depth, and bottom relief are studied to ascertain their role in the tidal action in a global ocean.
Isolation of cDNAs Encoding the <i>Drosophila</i> GAGA Transcription Factor (1993)

To investigate the mechanisms involved in expression of the Drosophila melanogaster engrailed gene, we purified GAGA protein, one of several putative transcriptional activator proteins that binds to the proximal region of the engrailed promoter. Antibodies raised against GAGA protein were used to demonstrate that the protein is present in all nuclei of young embryos. We isolated cDNA clones encoding GAGA protein in which a putative 519-codon open reading frame contains general sequence motifs characteristic of other transcription factors. These include stretches of polyglutamine, a 60-amino-acid region with 18 (30%) lysine or arginine residues, and a single putative zinc finger motif. In addition, a 120-residue N-terminal region shares significant sequence homology with several other known Drosophila transcription factors, including those encoded by Broad Complex and tramtrack. Up to 35-fold GAGA protein-dependent stimulation of transcription in Schneider line 2 tissue culture cells was observed after transfection of GAGA protein-encoding sequences. The GAGA gene is present in one copy in the Drosophila genome, at cytological location 70EF, and it encodes RNAs which vary in size between 2.4 and 4.4 kb.
Distributed and parallel time series feature extraction for industrial big data applications (2016)

The all-relevant problem of feature selection is the identification of all strongly and weakly relevant attributes. This problem is especially hard to solve for time series classification and regression in industrial applications such as predictive maintenance or production line optimization, for which each label or regression target is associated with several time series and meta-information simultaneously. Here, we are proposing an efficient, scalable feature extraction algorithm for time series, which filters the available features in an early stage of the machine learning pipeline with respect to their significance for the classification or regression task, while controlling the expected percentage of selected but irrelevant features. The proposed algorithm combines established feature extraction methods with a feature importance filter. It has a low computational complexity, allows to start on a problem with only limited domain knowledge available, can be trivially parallelized, is highly scalable and based on well studied non-parametric hypothesis tests. We benchmark our proposed algorithm on all binary classification problems of the UCR time series classification archive as well as time series from a production line optimization project and simulated stochastic processes with underlying qualitative change of dynamics.
A novel quasi-peak-detector for time-domain EMI-measurements (2005)

Abstract. In this paper, an advanced ultra-fast, broadband time domain EMI measurement system is described. Measurements were performed in the 30–1000MHz range. The digital signal processing of EMI measurements allows to emulate in real-time the modes of conventional analogous equipment, e.g. Peak-, Average-, RMS- and Quasi-Peak- Detector. With the presented time domain measurement system the measurement time can be reduced by a factor of 10. A novel signal recording routine for time-domain EMI (TDEMI) measurements and Quasi-Peak-Detection is described. Measurement results obtained from the investigation of a drillmachine, monitor and laptop obtained with the timedomain electromagnetic interference (TDEMI) measurement system are discussed. The results obtained with the described system have been compared with measurements performed with a conventional EMI receiver.
1.5 T augmented reality navigated interventional MRI: paravertebral sympathetic plexus injections (2017)

1.5 T augmented reality-navigated interventional MRI can provide accurate imaging guidance for perineural injections of the thoracic, lumbar, and hypogastric sympathetic plexus.
Melagenine modulates proliferation and differentiation of melanoblasts (1998)

Melagenine, extracted from human placenta, has been shown to be effective in treating patients with vitiligo, yet the mechanisms of melagenine in inducing the repigmentation of vitiligo patients have not been fully investigated. Recent studies have suggested that melagenine stimulates melanocyte proliferation and melanogenesis. In this study, we utilized the NCCmelb4M5 melanoblast cell line to investigate the effects of melagenine on proliferation and differentiation of immature melanocytes or melanoblasts. NCCmelb4M5 cells were treated with different concentrations of melagenine (50-400 microg/ml), and MTT assay was performed to evaluate the effects of melagenine on proliferation of melanoblasts. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of c-KIT and tyrosinase (TYR). Our results show that melagenine stimulates proliferation of NCCmelb4M5 cells in a dose-dependent manner with an optimal concentration of 100 microg/ml. Multipolar and highly branched dendritic network, as well as cluster-like growing cell assembly were visible in melagenine-treated NCCmelb4M5 cells. Melagenine induced expression of c-KIT, TYR and MITF. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of the beneficial effect of melagenine in the treatment of vitiligo.
Synchronization of chaotic early afterdepolarizations in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias (2009)

The synchronization of coupled oscillators plays an important role in many biological systems, including the heart. In heart diseases, cardiac myocytes can exhibit abnormal electrical oscillations, such as early afterdepolarizations (EADs), which are associated with lethal arrhythmias. A key unanswered question is how cellular EADs partially synchronize in tissue, as is required for them to propagate. Here, we present evidence, from computational simulations and experiments in isolated myocytes, that irregular EAD behavior is dynamical chaos. We then show in electrically homogeneous tissue models that chaotic EADs synchronize globally when the tissue is smaller than a critical size. However, when the tissue exceeds the critical size, electrotonic coupling can no longer globally synchronize EADs, resulting in regions of partial synchronization that shift in time and space. These regional partially synchronized EADs then form premature ventricular complexes that propagate into recovered tissue without EADs. This process creates multiple premature ventricular complexes that propagate as [corrected] "shifting" foci resembling polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Shifting foci encountering shifting repolarization gradients can also develop localized wave breaks leading to reentry and fibrillation. As predicted by the theory, rabbit hearts exposed to oxidative stress (H(2)O(2)) exhibited multiple shifting foci causing polymorphic tachycardia and fibrillation. This mechanism explains how collective cellular behavior integrates at the tissue scale to generate lethal cardiac arrhythmias over a wide range of heart rates.
Transmembrane voltage analyses in spheroidal cells in response to an intense ultrashort electrical pulse (2009)

Self-consistent evaluations of both the transmembrane potential (TMP) and possible electroporation density across membrane of spheroidal cells in response to ultrashort, high-intensity pulses are reported and discussed. Most treatments in the literature have been based on spherical cells, and this represents a step towards more realistic analyses. The present study couples the Laplace equation with Smoluchowski theory of pore formation, to yield dynamic membrane conductivities that influence the TMP. It is shown that the TMP induced by pulsed external voltages can be substantial higher in oblate spheroids as compared to spherical or prolate spheroidal cells. Flattening of the surface area in oblate spheroids leads to both higher electric fields seen by the membrane, and allows a great fraction of the surface area to be porated. This suggests that biomedical applications such as drug delivery and electrochemotherapy could work best for flatter-shaped cells, and secondary field-enabled orienting would be beneficial. Results for arbitrary field orientations and different cell sizes have also been presented.
Phytoremediation of Hazardous Wastes: Potential Regulatory Acceptability (1998)

Abstract Phytoremediation has received attention recently, due to promising field test results that indicate potential cost savings when compared with conventional treatments. The various plant‐based technologies that comprise the category phytoremediation have some similarities, many differences, and different possible applications. Each application will be site specific and must be evaluated on a case‐by‐case basis by a regulator. A treatment remedy must be “protective of human health and the environment, maintain protection over time, and minimize untreated waste” (40 CFR 300.430). The regulator's view of phytoremediation is the same as for any proposed remediation technology and asks the basic questions, “Why do you think this technology will decrease risk to human health and the environment, and how will you show that it works?” This article reviews issues related to acceptance of the technology and discusses some of the regulations that may be applicable to phytoremediation.