gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decellularization of Fibroblast Cell Sheets for Natural Extracellular Matrix Scaffold Preparation (2014)

The application of cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue engineering has gained increasing interest because it can provide a naturally occurring, complex set of physiologically functional signals for cell growth. The ECM scaffolds produced from decellularized fibroblast cell sheets contain high amounts of ECM substances, such as collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans. They can serve as cell adhesion sites and mechanically strong supports for tissue-engineered constructs. An efficient method that can largely remove cellular materials while maintaining minimal disruption of ECM ultrastructure and content during the decellularization process is critical. In this study, three decellularization methods were investigated: high concentration (0.5 wt%) of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), low concentration (0.05 wt%) of SDS, and freeze-thaw cycling method. They were compared by characterization of ECM preservation, mechanical properties, in vitro immune response, and cell repopulation ability of the resulted ECM scaffolds. The results demonstrated that the high SDS treatment could efficiently remove around 90% of DNA from the cell sheet, but significantly compromised their ECM content and mechanical strength. The elastic and viscous modulus of the ECM decreased around 80% and 62%, respectively, after the high SDS treatment. The freeze-thaw cycling method maintained the ECM structure as well as the mechanical strength, but also preserved a large amount of cellular components in the ECM scaffold. Around 88% of DNA was left in the ECM after the freeze-thaw treatment. In vitro inflammatory tests suggested that the amount of DNA fragments in ECM scaffolds does not cause a significantly different immune response. All three ECM scaffolds showed comparable ability to support in vitro cell repopulation. The ECM scaffolds possess great potential to be selectively used in different tissue engineering applications according to the practical requirement.
Properties of nitrogen-implanted SOI substrates (1993)

Properties of nitrogen-implanted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates prepared by implanting different doses of 200 keV nitrogen into 50-70 Omega -cm, p-type silicon substrates at a temperature of 500 degrees C were studied. The distribution of nitrogen was studied using Auger electron spectroscopy. The electrical properties of the active overlayer were studied using Hall-effect measurements and capacitance-voltage depth profile analysis. The insulating integrity of the buried nitride was studied by directly measuring the leakage current from top to bottom through the substrate. Additionally, electric field strength and surface roughness measurements were performed. Nitrogen concentrations in the buried layer increased from below to above the stoichiometric value for Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ for increasing dose in the range studied. Nitrogen-related n-type doping is observed in all samples examined, and the magnitude of the doping increased with the increasing implant dose. Insulating buried nitride layers are formed only in samples implanted with very high doses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Remarkable Improvement of Catalytic Performance by Electronic Substituent Effects of Chiral P-N Hybrid Ligands in Palladium-Mediated Asymmetric Allylations (1999)

A marked advancement of reactivity and enantioselectivity in palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylations was achieved by variations of electronic substituent effects in a new series of chiral P-N hybrid ligands 1. The first evident observation demonstrates that the introduction of electron-donating groups is effective to improve the catalytic performance in the allylic transformation.
Extensions of the Procrustes Method for the Optimal Superimposition of Landmarks (1990)

Superimposition methods for comparing configurations of landmarks in two or more specimens are reviewed. These methods show differences in shape among specimens as residuals after rotation, translation, and scaling them so that they align as well as possible. A new method is presented that generalizes Siegel and Benson's (1982) resistant-fit theta-rho analysis so that more than two objects can be compared at the same time. Both least-squares and resistant-fit approaches are generalized to allow for affine transformations (uniform shape change). The methods are compared, using artificial data and data on 18 landmarks on the wings of 127 species of North American mosquitoes. Graphical techniques are also presented to help summarize the patterns of differences in shape among the objects being compared.
Rare occurrence of P53 gene mutations in multiple myeloma (1992)

We looked for mutations of exons 5-8 of the P53 gene in bone marrow cell from 37 cases of multiple myeloma, using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing. 25 patients also had cytogenetic analysis. A point mutation, leading to an amino acid change in the P53 protein was found in only one case, involving exon 5. These findings suggest that P53 mutations are very rare in multiple myeloma, and that this disease may be categorized among the few neoplasms where P53 abnormalities have very limited role, if any.
Emulation of Human Rhythm Perception (1992)

Most music is said to a beat. When people describe music in this way, they mean that they can tap their feet to it, or dance to it, or somehow indicate their perception of some regularly spaced emphasis. In recent years there has been a growing interest in emulating this process with a computer program, so that computers, too, can understand how music is organized into beats. One reason such a program is desirable is that it would greatly enhance the ability of computers to participate intelligently in live musical performances. Another reason is that the program would enable computers to intelligently transcribe performed music, which would make music editing programs much easier to use. Furthermore, the problem is interesting from the point of view of psychologists of music, since perception of rhythm is one of the most basic activities of musical cognition (Bamberger 1980). Efforts so far to develop computer programs that are capable of parsing music rhythmically have been largely unsuccessful. The main reason for this, I believe, is that researchers (myself included) tend to underestimate how difficult this problem is. The rhythm of a musical performance is usually obvious to us, which causes us to think that writing a computer program to detect rhythm will be easy. We forget that the mental machinery that detects rhythm has been evolving for a long time, and has apparently become quite sophisticated. Emulating this sophistication on a machine is a demanding task. Despite these difficulties, the effort described below has produced some encouraging results. In what follows I will present a more precise exposition of the problem, and then describe Fa, a working rhythm-parsing program that runs on an Apple Macintosh computer. Basic Terms
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a New Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Automatic invoice interpretation: invoice structure analysis (1996)

We propose a method of invoice document structure analysis that provides a means to extract the relevant information from an unknown invoice. Our method uses a combination of textual and graphical processing by analyzing the line and line intersection features in the document as well as searching for possible keywords such as item number, quantity, total, etc. Valid keyword search regions are determined by a specialized connected-component analysis before any OCR is performed. The results of the the keyword search and the line analysis are combined to give the search regions for extracting the relevant data contained in the invoice. This analysis will become part of a larger invoice interpretation system which is currently under development.
Dermal Patch with Integrated Flexible Heater for on Demand Drug Delivery (2015)

Topical administration of drugs and growth factors in a controlled fashion can improve the healing process during skin disorders and chronic wounds. To achieve this goal, a dermal patch is engineered that utilizes thermoresponsive drug microcarriers encapsulated within a hydrogel layer attached to a flexible heater with integrated electronic heater control circuitry. The engineered patch conformally covers the wound area and enables controlled drug delivery by electronically adjusting the temperature of the hydrogel layer. The drugs are encapsulated inside microparticles in order to control their release rates. These monodisperse thermoresponsive microparticles containing active molecules are fabricated using a microfluidic device. The system is used to release two different active molecules with molecular weights similar to drugs and growth factors and their release profiles are characterized. This platform is a key step towards engineering smart and closed loop systems for topical applications.
Interactions between Agaricus bisporus and the pathogen Verticillium fungicola (2007)

The interaction between Agaricus bisporus and Verticillium fungicola may be the most economically significant interaction between two fungi. Work described in this chapter covers diverse aspects of the biology and molecular interaction of the host and pathogen and has established a robust baseline for future study of a pathogenic system involving two members of the same kingdom. Pathogen variability has been assessed and major genotypes important to major mushroom producing countries have been characterised. This has enabled a representative isolates to be identified for this study. A wide range of cell wall degrading enzymes from V. fungicola has been identified and principal component analysis showed a complex correlation between enzyme production and symptom expression. It is likely that some, or indeed many of these enzymes play a critical role in the pathogenicity of Verticillium. Although it is generally accepted that Agaricus bisporus has a relatively narrow genetic base, our work, and that of other groups, has shown that variability in host tolerance to infection with V. fungicola exists to a sufficient extent to justify a detailed study to exploit it. We have developed transformation technologies for the mushroom A. bisporus (Burns et al., 2006; Burns et al., 2005; Leach et al., 2004; Foster et al., 2004a; Challen et al., 2000) its pathogen V. fungicola (Amey et al., 2002; Amey et al., 2003) and other pathogenic fungi (Rogers et al., 2004; Gewiss-Mogensen et al., 2006). Recent advances in gene suppression technologies for the host include deployment of anti-sense and RNAi hairpin constructs to down-regulate endogenous A. bisporus genes (Burns, 2004; Heneghan et al, in press). Similarly gene knockout methodology has been established for the pathogen V. fungicola (Amey et al., 2003; Foster et al., 2004b). An extensive range of genetic resources have been established which include: V. fungicola pathogenicity simulated cDNA library (Mushroom Cell Wall agar), numerous A. bisporus fruiting cDNA libraries (macro-arrayed), host (A. bisporus) - pathogen (V. fungicola) lesions infection SSH libraries (forward and reverse subtractions for up- and down-regulated mushroom genes) and macro-arrayed cDNA infection library, genomic DNA libraries for A. bisporus and other homobasidiomycete mushrooms, EST fungal-fungal interaction database; transformation and expression vectors designed specifically for Agaricus and Verticillium, and vectors to expedite cloning of fragments for gene silencing experiments. The resources now in place will enable us to determine, in a systematic manner, the impact of gene expression on the disease phenotype. This work provides platform technologies for alternative methods of disease control, reduced pesticide use and sustainable crop production. Investigations into this model fungal-fungal interaction will also inform research and development of fungal biological control agents of fungal plant pathogens
Cytokine network in the central nervous system and its roles in growth and differentiation of glial and neuronal cells (1995)

Cells resident within the central nervous system (CNS) can synthesize, secrete and respond to inflammatory cytokines not only contributing to the responses to injury or immunological challenge within the CNS, but also regulating their own growth and differentiation potential. The actions and cell communication via cytokines in the CNS are designated as the CNS cytokine network, in which microglia and astrocytes play the central roles. To further characterize the CNS cytokine network we investigated the differences in roles of these cells, and found that microglia might contribute to the early phase of cytokine production reaction and that astrocytes might contribute the late phase of the reaction. We also investigated roles of inhibitory cytokines such as TGF beta, IL-4, and IL-10, and showed that each might play a distinct role in the inhibitory regulation in the CNS. We summarized our previous report about cellular distribution of cytokine receptors in the CNS cells and discussed their roles in the CNS cytokine network. Finally, we investigated that expression of IL-6 and IL-2 receptors in neuronal and oligodendrocytic differentiation, respectively. From these results, we discussed the features of the CNS cytokine network.
Discriminative Latent Models for Recognizing Contextual Group Activities (2011)

In this paper, we go beyond recognizing the actions of individuals and focus on group activities. This is motivated from the observation that human actions are rarely performed in isolation; the contextual information of what other people in the scene are doing provides a useful cue for understanding high-level activities. We propose a novel framework for recognizing group activities which jointly captures the group activity, the individual person actions, and the interactions among them. Two types of contextual information, group-person interaction and person-person interaction, are explored in a latent variable framework. In particular, we propose three different approaches to model the person-person interaction. One approach is to explore the structures of person-person interaction. Differently from most of the previous latent structured models, which assume a predefined structure for the hidden layer, e.g., a tree structure, we treat the structure of the hidden layer as a latent variable and implicitly infer it during learning and inference. The second approach explores person-person interaction in the feature level. We introduce a new feature representation called the action context (AC) descriptor. The AC descriptor encodes information about not only the action of an individual person in the video, but also the behavior of other people nearby. The third approach combines the above two. Our experimental results demonstrate the benefit of using contextual information for disambiguating group activities.
Lithium isotopes: differential effects on renal function and histology (2001)

Our current data and prior studies suggest that elimination or reduction of 6Li from pharmaceutical preparations may merit further evaluation as a possibly less potentially nephrotoxic form of lithium treatment.
Displacement Chromatography of Amino Acids by Carbon Dioxide Dissolved in Water (1999)

This work is a study of the behavior of amino acids on columns of strong anion-exchange resins in displacement chromatography. A new technology allowing the minimization of pollutant reagents was applied. It consists of using dissolved carbon dioxide in water as a displacer. The emphasis was also placed on the use of unbuffered solutions of amino acids in water. A mathematical model for the displacement process was constructed. Ion-exchange equilibrium relations based on variable selectivity coefficients and dissociation reactions of amino acids were incorporated in the model. It is shown that, in the case of negligible hydrodynamic and kinetic resistances, pure and concentrated products could be obtained.
Double-Axis Rotary Shadowing for High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (1988)

Thin continuous metal coatings and a scanning electron microscope-generated spot size in the range of the visualized particles, are necessary prerequisites if one hopes to extract high-resolution topographic information in the scanning electron microscope. Chemical fixation and dehydration in organic solvents at room temperature lead to severe ultrastructural artifacts which can be avoided by cryofixation and freeze-drying of the specimen. 0.9 to 2.7 nm thick homogeneous layers of chromium and germanium can be deposited onto the surface of cryofixed and freeze-dried specimens at high sub-zero temperatures by electron beam evaporation using "double-axis rotary shadowing". Theoretical calculations of the layer geometry of a double-axis rotary shadowed hemisphere and practical experiments on periodical test specimens demonstrate the usefulness of this technique. The resolution obtainable in an in-lens field emission scanning electron microscope is close to transmission electron microscope studies and image reconstructions of the same specimens. Double-axis rotary metal shadowed immunolabelled specimens allow the detection of small colloidal gold markers in the backscattered electron-image. High topographic resolution is obtained in the secondary electron-image.
FNAC diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma of male breast--a case report. (2001)

Mucinous carcinoma of the male breast is a very rare tumour. So far only about 8 cases have been reported in the literature most of which were diagnosed after surgical resection. Fine-needles aspiration biopsy even though a well established procedure for the evaluation of breast masses in female there are only occasional reports of aspirates form male breast masses. We herein-present one case of mucinous carcinoma of breast in a 65 year old male diagnosed by fine needle and confirmed by histopathology.
Steps Towards a Textile-Based Transistor: Development of the Gate and Insulating Layer (2010)

During recent years, intensive research has been carried out in the area of electronic textiles. There is an emerging trend to create garments that host electronic components embedded in the textile substrate, as well as electronic textiles made from yarns or fibers already possessing electronic properties. The creation of passive devices, such as textile electrodes that measure body parameters, has proved successful. However, there is a great need for the development of textiles possessing additional active functions. Accordingly, we investigated the possibility of developing a textile substrate possessing integrated switching and amplification functions by depositing parts of an organic thin-film transistor on fibrous substrates of varying geometries and origins. This article relates the initial steps we employed to develop a textile-based thin-film transistor. It reports the development of a gate layer from the deposition of electroless copper, as well as the deposition of a polyimide dielectric layer using dip coating. Further, it discusses the layer’s properties in terms of thickness and electrical characteristics. A copper layer of 350 nm thickness deposited on polyester tape and polyamide fibers displayed excellent electro-conductive properties. A smooth gate dielectric layer was achieved with a polyimide concentration of 15 w% and a withdrawal speed of 50 mm/min. As a result, optimum conditions for producing thin functional gate and dielectric layers were found. The transistor properties, the deposition of a semiconductive layer, and the production of drain and source electrodes remain the focus of future work.
Characterisation of artificially anisotropic surfaces using waveguide simulator techniques (2002)

Previous studies have investigated applications of anisotropic surfaces for antenna and scattering problems (Kildal, 1990, and Calamia et al., 1993). Knowledge of the surface impedance allows boundary value problems to be solved. The present paper shows how a numerical model of a waveguide simulator is combined with the concept of magnetic walls in order to determine the surface impedance of an anisotropic surface. The method is applied to some corrugated surfaces in order to obtain the "soft condition" equivalent to that found in acoustical scattering problems. The study is of interest for planar phased array antennas.
Rapid HPLC-Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometric Assay for Urinary Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone Glucuronides from Patients with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (2003)

The development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is dependent on androgens, primarily dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (1). To estimate the activity of 5α-reductase, which catalyzes the conversion of testosterone to DHT, testosterone and DHT have been quantified in biological samples (2)(3)(4). Because of their lipophilic properties, they are usually found in the conjugated form, i.e., linked to a hydrophilic sulfuric moiety or β-glucuronic acid, which are excreted mainly (>95%) in human urine. Despite reports of a close association between BPH and testosterone and DHT (1)(2)(3)(4), to our knowledge, there is no published simultaneous quantitative data for these metabolites as their glucuronides in the urine of patients with BPH.

The major problem associated with quantification of total steroids is incomplete hydrolysis, attributable mainly to the matrix effects of urine on the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis, which reduces the reproducibility of the assay (5)(6). Given that it is often necessary to analyze many samples in a short time with good sensitivity and reproducibility, system throughput is a critical issue for many clinical mass spectrometry (MS) groups. In continuation of studies of steroid profiles in diseases related to steroid enzymes (7)(8), we here demonstrate a sensitive and precise HPLC-tandem MS method for quantification of testosterone and DHT glucuronides by use of a three-column, two-switching valve system and the presence of the indicative biomarker in urine samples from BPH patients.

We obtained 24-h urine samples from 27 patients [mean (SD) age, 46 (5) years; range, 38–55 years] treated at Yonsei Medical Center (Seoul, Korea), including 19 men with BPH and 8 healthy men who underwent digital rectal examination and a prostate-specific antigen blood test. The latter were matched with the BPH patients for age. None of the participants had been treated with …
Researching cooperation and communication in continuous software engineering (2018)

Continuous Software Engineering (CSE)---continuous development and deployment of software---and DevOps---the close cooperation or integration of operations and software development---is about to change how software is developed. Together with the tighter integration of development and operations also with usage this will change coordination and collaboration both between IT professionals and between developers and users. In this short paper, we discuss the CHASE dimension of three core research themes that begin to crystallize in literature. This position paper is intended as a 'call to arms' for the CHASE community to study CSE.