gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RU5 of Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus 5′ Long Terminal Repeat Enhances Cytoplasmic Expression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 <i>gag-pol</i> and Nonviral Reporter RNA (2002)

Retroviruses utilize an unspliced version of their primary transcription product as an RNA template for synthesis of viral Gag and Pol structural and enzymatic proteins. Cytoplasmic expression of the gag-pol RNA is achieved despite the lack of intron removal and the presence of a long and highly structured 5' untranslated region that inhibits efficient ribosome scanning. In this study, we have identified for the first time that the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) facilitates Rev/Rev-responsive element-independent expression of HIV-1 gag-pol reporter RNA. The MPMV RU5 region of the LTR is necessary and directs functional interaction with cellular posttranscriptional modulators present in human 293 and monkey COS cells but not in quail QT-6 cells and does not require any viral protein. Deletion of MPMV RU5 decreases the abundance of spliced mRNA but has little effect on cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced gag-pol RNA despite complete elimination of detectable Gag protein production. MPMV RU5 also exerts a positive effect on the cytoplasmic expression of intronless luc RNA, and ribosomal profile analysis demonstrates that MPMV RU5 directs subcellular localization of the luc transcript to polyribosomes. Our findings have a number of similarities with those of reports on 5' terminal posttranscriptional control elements in spleen necrosis virus and human foamy virus RNA and support the model that divergent retroviruses share 5' terminal RNA elements that interact with host proteins to program retroviral RNA for productive cytoplasmic expression.
High-Voltage Testing of a High-Capacity, Liquid-Nitrogen Cooled Cable (1973)

In recent years, a number of research projects have been initiated to study the application of unconventional technologies to extend the capacity of underground power transmission systems. General Electric Corporate Research and Development has recently completed a three-year study of resistive cryogenic cable systems. This study was sponsored by the Edison Electric Institute, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the American Public Power Association. The results of this research indicate that the application of cryogenic technology to the development of high-capacity underground transmission systems is within the scope of current technology, and should be economically competitive at single-circuit capacities over 3000 MVA.
A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Rocaglaols by a Novel α‐Arylation of Ketones (2005)

Abstract Rocaglaols are natural products exhibiting a range of biological activities. A new synthetic method for the α‐arylation of ketones allows for the synthesis of previously inaccessible rocaglaol derivatives. The key sequence consists of a previously unreported Suzuki type reaction using brominated silyl enol ethers as substrates followed by deprotection of the arylated silyl enol ethers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Screening of granular sorbents for the removal of gaseous alkali metal compounds from hot flue gas (1979)

Six commercially available sorbent materials have been tested as granular sorbents to be used in granular-bed filters for the removal of gaseous alkali metal compounds from the hot (800 to 880/sup 0/C) flue gas of pressurized fluidized-bed combustors (PFBC) for proposed combined-cycle power generation. Tests were performed by passing simulated relatively dry flue gas of PFBC through granular-bed filters in either a laboratory-scale, fixed-bed combustor or a high temperature sorption test rig. The experimental results of screening tests are presented. Diatomaceous earth and activated bauxite were found to be the two most promising sorbents. Possible sorption mechanisms and applications of the sorbents are discussed. 3 figures, 7 tables.
Therapeutic approaches to the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. (1998)

Microglia cells are present in the central nervous system and respond quickly to pathogenic stimuli in order to protect the brain. When these immunological responses activate inappropriately or are prolonged, they can contribute to the neuronal damage observed in many neurodegenerative diseases. A variety of immune system modulators including complement proteins, inflammatory cytokines such IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-3, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and S100 beta, colony-stimulating factor-1, coagulation proteins and matrix metalloproteases are made by both microglia and astrocytes. Additionally astrocytes, the predominant glial component of the brain, express cell-adhesion molecules, cytokine receptors and induce nitric oxide synthease. The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis suggest that a large portion of the irreversible damage observed can be attributed to a neuroinflammatory mechanism. The immunomodulators of these diseases are reviewed and new agents within specific molecular mechanisms are presented and discussed.
Transsphenoidal surgery in a patient with acromegaly and McCune–Albright syndrome: application of neuronavigation (2008)

The McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is characterized by a clinical triad of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait hyperpigmented macules, and hypersecretory endocrinopathies. Acromegaly is an uncommon manifestation of the endocrine disturbance associated with MAS, and the role of surgery in managing these cases has been a topic of debate. The authors present the case of a 35-year-old man with MAS who was also diagnosed with acromegaly, hyperprolactinemia, and pituitary macroadenoma. The patient had an 18-year history of fibrous dysplasia involving the right frontal bone and ribs as well as multiple endocrinopathies, but no cutaneous hyperpigmented macules. An oral glucose tolerance test demonstrated partial suppression of plasma levels of growth hormone (GH). The patient underwent transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary tumor, performed with assistance of neuronavigation, and tolerated the procedure well. After the surgery, both prolactin and GH levels returned to normal. These results suggest that neuronavigation-assisted transsphenoidal surgery can safely remove pituitary adenomas associated with MAS and successfully treat the underlying endocrine abnormalities.
The breakdown of lipid reserves in the endosperm of germinating castor beans (1975)

1. Lipid extracts were obtained from castor-bean endosperm tissue at various times during germination and, after purification, the total lipid content was determined. Quantitative measurements of the triglyceride and phospholipid content together with the fatty acid composition were made. 2. The total lipid content of the endosperm rapidly decreased during germination; after 10 days less than 20% of the original weight of lipid remained. In contrast, the phospholipid content (initially less than 0.5% of the total lipid) increased slightly during this time. The fatty acid composition and the relative proportions of the triglyceride species of the total lipid extract remained constant during 10 days of germination. 3. Gibberellic acid (0.3 mM) markedly stimulated the rate of lipid breakdown but did not alter either the fatty acid composition or the relative proportion of triglyceride species. 4. The embryo had little effect on lipid metabolism in the endosperm tissue; only after 6 days of germination were differences observed in the rate of fat utilization in the presence and absence of the embryo.
Fabrication of polymer light-emitting diodes using doped silicon electrodes (1994)

We report the fabrication of light-emitting diodes from the semiconducting conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy,5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene], using doped silicon (both n and p type) as an electrode material. Light emission at low voltages is clearly demonstrated. The presence of a thin SiO2 layer at the silicon interface modifies the device characteristics compared to devices fabricated on indium-tin-oxide substrates. An interesting consequence of this is the ability to align the Fermi level of the silicon electrode with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the polymer allowing hole injection in forward bias and electron injection in reverse bias.
Highly Efficient Disproportionation of Dihydrogen Peroxide: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalase Activity of Manganese Complexes of the Salicylimidate Ligand (2004)

Abstract Two complexes, [Mn 2 (etsalim) 4 (Hetsalim) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 ( 1 ), and [Mn(mesalim) 2 (OAc)(MeOH)]·MeOH ( 2 ), in which Hmesalim and Hetsalim are methyl and ethyl salicylimidate, respectively, have been synthesized, fully characterized by X‐ray analyses, magnetic susceptibility, UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, and their catalase activity has been studied. Complex 1 is dinuclear and shows an Mn−Mn distance of 3.37 Å while complex 2 is mononuclear. Both complexes catalyze the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide into water and dioxygen; they show very high catalase activity exhibiting saturation kinetics in the presence of NaOH. The rate and turnover number of the catalyzed reaction increase dramatically when a few equivalents of base (NaOH) are added to the reaction mixture. The turnover numbers for hydrogen peroxide disproportionation increase from approximately 200 to more than 1500 per manganese ion in less than 2 min for both complexes after addition of a few equivalents of NaOH. Kinetic studies of the catalyzed reaction performed on the dinuclear complex 1 in the presence of 5 equiv. of NaOH, gives k cat = 807 s −1 (± 16) and K M = 0.091 M (± 0.003). The effective catalytic efficiency is k cat / K M = 8900 M −1 s −1 . The kinetic parameters of the mononuclear complex 2 in the presence of 5 equiv. of NaOH, are k cat = 190 s −1 (± 4) and K M = 0.022 M (± 0.001). The effective catalytic efficiency is k cat / K M = 8600 M −1 s −1 . The catalase activity of the mononuclear complex, [Mn(mesalim) 2 Cl] ( 3 ) has also been studied, and it shows turnover numbers that are comparable to those of complex 2 . ESI‐MS analyses in deuterated solvents have been used to understand the nature of the active species formed on addition of 5 equiv. of NaOH. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
High molecular weight dextran sulfate inhibits intracellular Ca2+ release and decreases growth factor-induced increases in intracellular free Ca2+ in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. (1989)

High molecular weight (500 kDa) dextran sulfate (DXS) inhibited the release of Ca2+ induced by myoinositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate from non-mitochondrial stores of saponin-permeabilized Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts with an IC50 of 20 micrograms/mL. Low molecular weight (5 kDa) DXS did not have this effect. DXS was more inhibitory than heparin, which in the same system had an IC50 of 62 micrograms/mL. DXS also produced a small inhibition of Ca2+ release by arachidonic acid and GTP but did not affect Ca2+ release by 4-bromo A23187 or halothane. The transient increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in intact Swiss 3T3 cells caused by platelet-derived growth factor was completely inhibited by 100 micrograms/mL of DXS, but DXS had no effect on the [Ca2+]i increase caused by bradykinin or vasopressin. The specific binding of platelet-derived growth factor, but not of bradykinin or vasopressin, to Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts was decreased by DXS. The effect of DXS in decreasing growth-factor mediated increases in [Ca2+]i may be mediated by an effect on the binding of growth factor to its receptor. An effect of DXS on the intracellular release of Ca2+ by second messengers to decrease changes in [Ca2+]i, however, cannot be ruled out.
Effect of 15-crown-5 on the charge transfer resistance at the polymer electrolyte/modified Li-electrode interface (2006)

The effect of 15-crown-5, which is applied immediately to pure and modified surface of a lithium electrode, on the charge transfer resistance at the electrode/polymer electrolyte interface is studied. The polymer electrolyte consists of a 1: 1 mixture of oligourethan dimethacrylate and polypropylene glycol monomethacrylate (20 wt %), an initiator (azobisisobutyronitrile) (2 wt %), and a 1 M LiClO4 solution in gamma-butyrolactone (78 wt %). The conductivity of this gel electrolyte is 3 × 10−3 S cm−1. The temperature dependence of the impedance of the Li/gel electrolyte/Li electrochemical cells is measured for electrodes of four types. The activation energies for the charge transfer at the Li/electrolyte interface are calculated. It is found that, after treating the test lithium electrodes with 15-crown-5, the charge transfer resistance decreases, and in the case of the modified lithium surface, the activation energy for the process decreases by 1.8 times.
Thermoelastic generation of ultrasound using an erbium doped fiber amplifier (2003)

Two-dimensional phased arrays for high frequency (>30 MHz) ultrasonic imaging are difficult to construct using piezoelectric technology. A promising alternative involves optical generation of ultrasound, where an array element is defined by the size and location of a laser beam. The thermoelastic effect can be used to generate broadband ultrasound by optical absorption of an amplitude modulated laser pulse. The authors have built a fiber based optical amplifier to amplify pulses from a modulated diode laser to peak powers sufficient to generate ultrasound detectable with conventional transducers. These results demonstrate the potential of the fiber amplifier approach for high frequency optoacoustic arrays.
Investigation of a Solid-State Tuning Behavior in Lithium Niobate (2019)

Electric field-based frequency tuning of acoustic resonators at the material level may provide an enabling technology for building complex tunable filters. Tunable acoustic resonators were fabricated in thin plates (h/ λ ∼ 0.05 ) of X-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) (90°, 90°, ψ = 170<sup>°</sup> ). LiNbO<sub>3</sub> is known for its large electromechanical coupling ( K <sup>2</sup> ) for the shear and symmetric Lamb modes (SH<sub>0</sub>: K <sup>2</sup> = 40 %, S<sub>0</sub>: K <sup>2</sup> = 30 %) in thin plates and, thus, applicability for low-insertion loss and wideband filter applications. We demonstrate the effect of a dc bias in X-cut LiNbO<sub>3</sub> to shift the resonant frequency by ~0.4% through direct tuning of the resonator material. A nonlinear acoustic computation predicted 0.36% tuning, which was in excellent agreement with the tuning measurement. For X-cut, we predicted electrical tuning of the S<sub>0</sub> mode up to 1.6% and for Y-cut the electrical tuning of the SH<sub>0</sub> and S<sub>0</sub> modes was up to 7.0% with K <sup>2</sup> = 27.1 %. The mechanism is based on the nonlinearities that exist in the piezoelectric properties of LiNbO<sub>3</sub>. The X-cut SH<sub>0</sub> mode resonators were centered near 335 MHz and achieved a frequency tuning of 6 kHz/V through the application of a dc bias.
Online learning: A flexible way to learn (2004)

Perioperative nurses work in an environment of contunual rapid advances in health care and related technology. To provide the necessary care to patients undergoing anaesthesia and surgery, perioperative nurses need specialised knowledge and skills. One way to provide this education is in the form of postgraduate studies. However, accessing this education can be problematic due to workplace obstacles. Consequently, perioperative nurses seeking postgraduate education require a flexible learning environment, such as that provided by online education. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief discussion on distance education offered through online learning and to give insight into how this approach can meet the educational needs of perioperative nurses.
Software controller for PWM converters (2002)

A software controller is realized for DC-DC switching power converters. The software is capable of implementing several real-time control schemes such as the continuous/discrete switching frequency control, continuous/discrete pulse-width control and phase control of PWM converters. Implementation in software provides the capability of executing complex control schemes and supervisory functions which are easy to implement, update and adapt to different applications without much overhead.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cell and molecular biology of Notch (2007)

Notch signalling is a cell-cell communication process, which allows the establishment of patterns of gene expression and differentiation, regulates binary cell fate choice and the maintenance of stem cell populations. So far, the data published has elucidated the main players in the Notch signalling pathway. However, its regulatory mechanisms are exhibiting an increasing complexity which could account for the multitude of roles it has during development and in adult organisms. In this review, we will describe the multiple roles of Notch and how various factors can regulate Notch signalling.
Regrowth of GaAs quantum wells on GaAs liftoff films ‘van der Waals bonded’ to silicon substrates (1989)

We report the first epitaxial regrowth on lifted-off large-area micron-thick single-crystal GaAs films bonded by surface tension (van der Waals) forces to a foreign substrate. GaAs quantum wells grown by MOCVD on a GaAs film which had been van der Waals bonded to an Si substrate showed linewidths and luminescence efficiencies comparable to those grown directly on GaAs substrates.
Enzymatic grafting of a natural product onto chitosan to confer water solubility under basic conditions (1999)

Chitosan is a natural biopolymer whose rich amine functionality confers water solubility at low pH. At higher pH's (greater than 6. 5), the amines are deprotonated and chitosan is insoluble. To attain water solubility under basic conditions we enzymatically grafted the hydrophilic compound chlorogenic acid onto chitosan. Despite its name, chlorogenic acid is a nonchlorinated phenolic natural product that has carboxylic acid and hydroxyl functionality. The enzyme in this study was tyrosinase, which converts a wide range of phenolic substrates into electrophilic o-quinones. The o-quinones are freely diffusible and can undergo reaction with the nucleophilic amino groups of chitosan. Using slightly acidic conditions (pH = 6), it was possible to modify chitosan under homogeneous conditions. When the amount of chlorogenic acid used in the modification reaction exceeded 30% relative to chitosan's amino groups, the modified chitosan was observed to be soluble under both acidic and basic conditions, and to have a pH window of insolubility at near neutral pH. 1H NMR spectra confirmed that chitosan was chemically modified, although the degree of modification was low. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantification of endometriotic lesions in a murine model by fluorimetric and morphometric analyses (2005)

Fluorimetric evaluation combined with morphometric analysis of endometriosis-like lesions allows objective and reliable recording of endometriosis development in a nude mouse model. This quantification method could therefore be useful for future pharmacological and toxicological studies.
Hierarchical Edge Caching in Device-to-Device Aided Mobile Networks: Modeling, Optimization, and Design (2018)

The explosive growth of content requests from mobile users is stretching the capability of current mobile networking technologies to satisfy users' demands with acceptable quality of service. An effective approach to address this challenge, which has not yet been thoroughly studied, is to offload network traffic by caching popular content at the edges (e.g., mobile devices and base stations) of mobile networks, thus reducing the massive duplication of content downloads. In this paper, we address the system modeling, large-scale optimization, and framework design of hierarchical edge caching in device-to-device aided mobile networks. In particular, taking into account the analysis of social behavior and preference of mobile users, heterogeneous cache sizes, and the derived system topology, we investigate the maximum capacity of the network infrastructure in terms of offloading network traffic, reducing system costs, and supporting content requests from mobile users locally. Our proposed framework has a low complexity and can be applied in practical engineering implementation. Trace-based simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Evaluation of rapid coagulase methods for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus (1986)

Four rapid latex agglutination assays, StaphAurex (Wellcome Diagnostics, Research Triangle Park, N.C.), Bacto Staph (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.), SeroSTAT (Scott Laboratories, Inc., Fiskeville, R.I.), Veri-Staph (Zeus Technologies, Raritan, N.J.), and two hemagglutination tests, Staphyloslide (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) and Hemastaph (Remel, Lenexa, Kans.), were compared with the conventional slide coagulase, tube coagulase (TC), and thermonuclease (TNase) tests for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 118 clinical isolates of S. aureus (52 methicillin resistant), 50 S. epidermidis, 5 S. capitis, 2 S. hominis, 3 S. simulans, 6 S. saprophyticus, and 2 S. warneri were tested. The slide coagulase, TC and TNase tests detected 115 (97.5%), 117 (99.2%), and 118 (100%) of the S. aureus isolates, respectively. All showed 100% specificity. The StaphAurex, Veri-Staph, Staphyloslide, Hemastaph, SeroSTAT, and Bacto Staph assays correctly identified 117 (99.2%), 117 (99.2%), 116 (98.3%), 110 (93.2%), 108 (91.5%), and 107 (90.7%) of the S. aureus isolates, respectively. For methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates, StaphAurex, Veri-Staph, Staphyloslide, Hemastaph, SeroSTAT, and Bacto Staph showed 1 (2%), 1 (2%), 2 (4%), 7 (13.5%), 7 (13.5%), and 8 (15.4%) false-negative results, respectively. All the commercial agglutination assays demonstrated false-positive results with strains of S. capitis, S. saprophyticus and S. warneri. The overall accuracy of the commercial agglutination assays compared with TC and TNase ranged from 90.7 to 99.2%. We recommend that negative reactions with the rapid commercial test kits for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus isolates be confirmed with the TC or TNase test.
Rectification of Binary mixtures (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRectification of Binary mixturesW. K. Lewis Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1936, 28, 4, 399–402Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1936https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50316a005Request reuse permissionsArticle Views518Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (439 KB) Get e-Alerts