gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic and manual latex agglutination tests for measurement of cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (1983)

Automated and manual latex agglutination methods were employed to measure cholera toxin (CT), heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of Escherichia coli, and their subunits A and B. Dow polystyrene latex particles (diameter, 0.22 microns) and polystyrene-chlorostyrene latex particles (diameter, 1 micron) were sensitized by rabbit-specific immunoglobulin for each antigen and used as the reagents of the automated and manual agglutination tests, respectively. Automated agglutination was performed by a nephelometric assay system measuring time-dependent differences of light scattering due to agglutination, and manual latex agglutination was carried out in microtiter plates. As low as 1,000 and 31 pg of CT per ml were estimated by the automated and manual agglutination tests, respectively. Using these methods, the amount of CT and LT was measured in several clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae and E. coli. Furthermore, it was discovered that cyclic AMP is not essential for the production of CT by measuring the amount of the toxin in numbers of cyclic AMP-dependent mutants of V. cholerae (with the agglutination tests).
Rapid Diagnosis of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection by a Novel DNA Amplification Method, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (2004)

A novel nucleic acid amplification method, termed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which amplifies DNA with high specificity, efficiency, and rapidity under isothermal conditions, may be a valuable tool for the rapid detection of infectious agents. LAMP was developed for human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), and its reliability was evaluated in this study. Although LAMP products were detected in HHV-6 B and HHV-6 A DNA, they were not detected in HHV-7 and human cytomegalovirus DNA. The sensitivity of the original HHV-6 LAMP protocol was 50 copies/tube. In order to increase the method's sensitivity, HHV-6 LAMP was modified by increasing the primer concentration. As a result of the modification, sensitivity increased to 25 copies/tube. After these initial validation studies, 13 patients with fever were tested for HHV-6 by viral isolation, serological analysis, and HHV-6 LAMP. In three of the eight patients with primary HHV-6 infection, HHV-6 DNA was detected in whole blood by the original HHV-6 LAMP protocol in not only the acute phase but also the convalescent phase. HHV-6 DNA was detected by modified HHV-6 LAMP in all eight plasma samples collected in the acute phase; however, no HHV-6 DNA was detected in plasma samples collected in the convalescent phase. Although HHV-6 DNA was detected in both the acute and convalescent phases of whole-blood samples in patients with past HHV-6 infection, it was not detected in plasma samples that did not contain latent viral DNA. Thus, detection of HHV-6 DNA in plasma by using this modified HHV-6 LAMP protocol is appropriate for diagnosis of active HHV-6 infection.
Technology for the fabrication of ultrashort channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (2001)

We present the experimental details for the preparation of an ultrashort channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) using a V-groove approach. This new fabrication process allows a definition of the channel with a resolution that exceeds the limit of the lithography used. The approach is based on the combination of electron beam lithography and anisotropic etching of an epitaxial silicon layered structure based on ultrathin silicon on insulator (SOI). A self-limiting etching process forms a “V” shaped groove into the silicon stack and the region at the tip of the V groove becomes the channel. The definition of the channel can be as small as 10 nm in length but it depends strongly on the anisotropic etching behavior, the quality of the molecular beam epitaxy grown layers, and the definition of the mask formed by the lithography. Here we discuss the fabrication of V-groove openings with the appropriate dimensions and quality required to fabricate nanoscale devices. The control of the V-groove process is discussed for making MOSFETs with good output characteristics.
Encapsulation of Thermo-Sensitive Lauric Acid in Silica Shell: A Green Derivate for Chemo-Thermal Therapy in Breast Cancer Cell (2019)

Lauric acid is a green derivate that is abundant in some seeds such as coconut oil where it represents the most relevant fatty acid. Some studies have emphasized its anticancer effect due to apoptosis induction. In addition, the lauric acid is a Phase Change Material having a melting temperature of about 43.2 °C: this property makes it a powerful tool in cancer treatment by hyperthermal stress, generally induced at 43 °C. However, the direct use of lauric acid can have some controversial effects, and it can undergo degradation phenomena in the extracellular environment. For this reason, we have encapsulated lauric acid in a silica shell with a one-step and reproducible synthetic route in order to obtain a monodispersed SiO<sub>2</sub>@LA NPs with a good encapsulation efficiency. We have used these NPs to expose breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) at different concentrations in combination with hyperthermal treatment. Uptake, viability, oxidative stress induction, caspases levels, and morphometric parameters were analyzed. These nanovectors showed double action in anticancer treatments thanks to the synergic effect of temperature and lauric acid activity.
Analysis of a Mobility Management Scheme Considering Battery Power Conservation in IP-Based Mobile Networks (2004)

Mobile hosts (MHs) in all IP-based mobile networks must update their current location to receive incoming packets. The MHs are idle for most of time. Both registration of approximate location information and paging can facilitate efficient power management for the idle MHs. Furthermore, the MHs can be in switch-off state for battery power conservation. Mobile IP, the current standard for IP-based mobility management, needs to be enhanced for use in all IP-based mobile networks. Mobility management in all IP-based mobile networks should consider idle and detached MH states as well as active MH state. A mobility management scheme for all IP-based mobile networks is introduced in this paper. This scheme includes management of communicating, attentive, idle, and detached states. We model MH behavior in the networks when the binding-lifetime-based registrations are utilized as a means of identifying that an MH is switched off. The steady-state probabilities for MH state transitions are derived, and an optimal rate of binding-lifetime-based registrations that results in minimum network cost is derived.
Facile Docking and Scoring Studies of Carborane Ligands with Estrogen Receptor (2013)

Closo-carborane has been considered as an efficient boron-carrier for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and an attractive surrogate of lipophilic phenyl or cyclohexyl ring in drug design. Despite a great number of carborane-containing ligands have been synthesized and evaluated, molecular modeling studies of carborane ligands with macromolecules have been rarely reported. We herein describe a facile docking and scoring-function strategy of 16 carborane ligands with an estrogen receptor by using the commercial Gaussian, Chem3D Pro and Discovery Studio (DS) computational programs. Docked poses of the carborane ligands in silico exhibited similar binding modes to that of the crystal ligand in the active site of estrogen receptor. Score analysis of the best docked pose for each ligand indicated that the Ligscore1 and the Dockscore have a moderate correlation with in vitro biological activity. This is the first report on the scoring-correlation studies of carborane ligands with macromolecules. The integrated Gaussian-DS approach has a potential application for virtual screening, De novo design, and optimization of carborane ligands in medicinal chemistry.
A Proposed Standard Procedure for Static Muscle Strength Testing (1974)

(1974). A Proposed Standard Procedure for Static Muscle Strength Testing. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 201-206.
A control architecture for integrated cooperative cruise control and collision warning systems (2002)

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical control architecture for an enhanced variant of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC), which would include some Cooperative Forward Collision Warning (CFCW) functionality. Simply put, a CACC system is a more sophisticated variant of cruise control. By a control architecture we mean a specific way of organizing the motion control and navigation functions performed by the cars. It is convenient to organize the functions into hierarchical layers. This way, a complex design problem is partitioned into a number of more manageable sub-problems that are addressed in separate layers. This paper discusses vehicle control requirements and maps them onto a layered control architecture. The formalization of the hierarchy is accomplished in terms of the specific functions accomplished by each layer and of the interfaces between layers. The implementation of the layers is discussed and illustrative examples are provided.
Toxic Waste: Hazardous to Asia's Health (1997)

For more about the East-West Center, see <a href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/">http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a>
Evaluation of <i>in vivo</i> biocompatibility and biodegradation of photocrosslinked hyaluronate hydrogels (HADgels) (2004)

HADgels are newly developed photocrosslinked hyaluronate hydrogels. They are produced from an aqueous solution of a hyaluronan derivative (HAD) in which cinnamic acid is introduced into the carboxyl moiety of hyaluronan using 3-aminopropanol as a spacer. High-energy ultraviolet irradiation of the HAD solution induces photodimerization of cinnamic acid, resulting in the development of a macromolecular network of each hyaluronan to water-insoluble hydrogels. The biocompatibility and biodegradation of HADgels were evaluated by guinea pig intracutaneous injection testing for up to 28 days. By macroscopic and histological observations, HADgels showed good tissue compatibility and did not induce excess inflammation at the injection sites. Biodegradation of the HADgels clearly depended on the degree of crosslinking at the fixed weight concentrations of HAD (0.5% and 1.0%). In addition, serum analyses showed that the injected guinea pigs did not produce specific antibodies against HADgels. These results indicate that HADgels have preferable biocompatibility and can be used as a new class of injectable, absorbable biomaterial, especially for preventing postsurgical adhesion formations.
WhiB7, a transcriptional activator that coordinates physiology with intrinsic drug resistance in<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2012)

Current tuberculosis treatment regimens are notoriously limited, lengthy and becoming increasingly ineffective due to the emergence of drug-resistant mutant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The intrinsic resistance of M. tuberculosis to the majority of available drugs relies both on the impermeability of its cell envelope, and its ability to activate specific genes and physiological states. WhiB7 is a transcriptional regulatory protein underlying this adaptive process. Transcription of the whiB7 gene is upregulated in response to a variety of antibiotics having different structures and targets, as well as in response to metabolic signals. The whiB7 regulon activates various systems of intrinsic drug resistance involving antibiotic export, antibiotic inactivation (by chemical modifications of the drug or its target) and significant changes to thiol redox balance. Drugs have been identified that inactivate resistance determinants in the whiB7 regulon, thereby potentiating the activities of diverse antibiotics against M. tuberculosis.
Coenzyme A metabolism (1985)

The metabolism of coenzyme A and control of its synthesis are reviewed. Pantothenate kinase is an important rate-controlling enzyme in the synthetic pathway of all tissues studied and appears to catalyze the flux-generating reaction of the pathway in cardiac muscle. This enzyme is strongly inhibited by coenzyme A and all of its acyl esters. The cytosolic concentrations of coenzyme A and acetyl coenzyme A in both liver and heart are high enough to totally inhibit pantothenate kinase under all conditions. Free carnitine, but not acetyl carnitine, deinhibits the coenzyme A-inhibited enzyme. Carnitine alone does not increase enzyme activity. Thus changes in the acetyl carnitine-to-carnitine ratio that occur with nutritional states provides a mechanism for regulation of coenzyme A synthetic rates. Changes in the rate of coenzyme A synthesis in liver and heart occurs with fasting, refeeding, and diabetes and in heart muscle with hypertrophy. The pathway and regulation of coenzyme A degradation are not understood.
Joint Optimisation of Resampling Rate and Carrier-to-Signal Power Ratio in Direct-Detection Kramers-Kronig Receivers (2017)

We investigate the effect of varying the DSP resampling rate and the carrier-to-signal power ratio on the performance of direct-detection Kramers-Kronig receivers, through experiments on 4×112 Gb/s SSB Nyquist-SCM transmission over 240 km.
Evaluation of laser speckle contrast imaging as an intrinsic method to monitor blood brain barrier integrity (2013)

The integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) can contribute to the development of many brain disorders. We evaluate laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) as an intrinsic modality for monitoring BBB disruptions through simultaneous fluorescence and LSCI with vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). We demonstrated that drug-induced BBB opening was associated with a relative change of the arterial and venous blood velocities. Cross-sectional flow velocity ratio (veins/arteries) decreased significantly in rats treated with BBB-opening drugs, ≤0.81 of initial values.
Cell cycle length of olfactory bulb neuronal progenitors in the rostral migratory stream (1998)

The anterior portion of the neonatal telencephalic subventricular zone (SVZa) contains proliferating cells that generate an immense number of neurons destined to become the granule and periglomerular cells of the olfactory bulb. In contrast to other immature neurons in the central nervous system, cells arising in the SVZa maintain the ability to divide as they traverse the rostral migratory stream to their final destinations despite expressing an antigenic marker of differentiated neurons (Menezes et al. [1995] Molec. Cell. Neurosci. 6:496-508). Because of their considerable proliferative capacities and unusual mitotic behavior, we decided to determine the cell cycle length of proliferating cells within the SVZa and within the migratory pathway used by SVZa-derived cells. Following the methodology of Nowakowski et al. [1989](J. Neurocytol. 18:311-318), postnatal day 2 rat pups were exposed to 5'-bromo-2'deoxyuridine (BrdU) for increasing periods of time before perfusion. By plotting the percentage of nuclei undergoing DNA synthesis in the SVZa at each time versus the BrdU labeling interval, we determined that approximately 15% of the SVZa population is actively dividing and that these cells have a cycle length of approximately 14 hr, significantly less than the 18.6 hr determined to be the cycle length of dividing cells in more posterior, glia-generating regions of the subventricular zone (Thomaidou et al. [1997] J. Neurosci. 17:1075-1085). The cycle length of cells dividing in the mid portion of the rostral migratory stream, however, is considerably longer: 17.3 hr. This may reflect the need for these cells to coordinate the processes of migration and division. Our studies also suggest that there may be regional differences in the types of descendants produced by the proliferating cells. Retroviral lineage tracing studies showed that those cells that divide within the rostral migratory stream, like proliferating cells within the SVZa, make cells destined for the olfactory bulb. Unlike the progenitors that divide within the SVZa and generate more granule cells than periglomerular cells, the proliferating cells within the migratory pathway generate more periglomerular cells than granule cells. Collectively the proliferating cells of the SVZa and migratory pathway produce a large number of olfactory bulb interneurons. Our work suggests that this may be achieved in part by the relatively rapid divisions of progenitor cells within the SVZa and in part by the ongoing division of migrating cells en route to the olfactory bulb.
A Method for Measuring the Characteristics of an EMI Suppression Ferrite Core (2006)

Almost all digital equipment has electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression ferrite cores to encircle cables, such as mains and peripheral cables. However, their EMI suppression capability is hardly evaluated from the impedance characteristics provided by the manufacturers. Hence, this paper proposes to characterize the ferrite cores in terms of the insertion loss and the reflection coefficient. Theoretical and experimental investigations are carried out to develop a measurement jig for these parameters in the frequency range from 30 to 1000 MHz. It consists of a cylindrical metal rod placed above a metal ground plane, yielding a characteristic impedance of 270 Omega. In addition, a simple method is proposed for measuring the insertion loss and the reflection coefficient of a ferrite core under test. It is found that the proposed method can provide insertion loss data with an error of less than plusmn1.2 dB by using commercially available matching networks (baluns). The reflection coefficient of a ferrite core can be measured with an error less than plusmn1.0 dB. The matching characteristics of the adapters are critical factors that deteriorate measurement accuracy
Halogen impurities in silicon: Shallow single donors (1997)

From the results of first-principles calculations, we find that substitutional Cl, and Br and I impurities in Si are stable shallow single donor dopants that are mostly immune to deactivation processes preventing superhigh n doping of Si with column V impurities. In the absence of acceptor impurities, such as H and F, room-temperature carrier densities above 1020/cm3 are proposed to be possible, particularly with Cl, which causes the least lattice strain.
Eicosanoids in leukocyte function. (1994)

Agonist-induced release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and its oxygenation by specific enzymes to generate bioactive eicosanoids represent an important series of events that is thought to play a pivotal role in both physiologic and pathologic responses. Research during the past year confirmed and extended our knowledge of lipoxygenase activation and assembly of the 5-lipoxygenase complex in leukocytes. Many of the key enzymes and proteins in the arachidonic acid signaling cascade were identified, and rational drug design is in progress to interact with these targets. The role of transcellular biosynthesis in leukotrienes, lipoxins, and other novel eicosanoids is emerging as an important theme in eicosanoid formation in multicellular events including thrombosis, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Moreover, new bioactions were identified for both leukotrienes and lipoxins. Counterregulatory roles demonstrated for lipoxins suggest that these compounds may serve as endogenous chalones generated via lipoxygenase- and cell-cell interactions.
[Establishment of primary cultured neurons model of mouse embryo with HSV-1 infection]. (2003)

HSV-1 could successfully infect the primary cultured neurons. The model may provide a useful approach for studying the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis.
Principles of stopped-flow sequential injection analysis and its application to the kinetic determination of traces of a proteolytic enzyme (1991)

The concept of sequential injection analysis is described, and an application of this novel technique to an assay of traces of a proteolytic enzyme is demonstrated. The automated method is based on a stopped-flow procedure with fluorescence detection. Instead of using the conventional constant flow rate, a sinusoldal flow pattern, as generated by a robust cam-driven piston pump, has been applied. The validation of the novel flow injection system using a nonreactive fluorescent compound yielded highly reproducible results over a concentration range of 3 order of magnitude. The calibration graph for the enzyme activities in the range 5-75 micron mL-1 could be fitted a second-order polynomial. The detection limit is 2.5 micron mL-1, which corresponds to 7.2 ng mL-1 pure active enzyme.
ATP-ase as a Potential Drug Target for Cancer, Tumor Growth and Cellular Functions (2012)

ATP-ases are a group of enzymes that utilizes ATP hydrolysis, and the subsequent release of energy, to achieve a cellular function. The cellular functions involving ATP-ases are plentiful and diverse including initiation of DNA replication, DNA repair and remodeling, protein folding and chaperoning, protein degradation, intracellular transport, and ion transport. A large number of these enzymes represent attractive drug targets, and drugs targeting ATP-ases, such as proton pump inhibitors. Two families of molecular chaperones, heat shock protein 90 and heat shock protein 70, possess N-terminal nucleotide binding domains (NBD) and require ATP-ase activity for their functions. NBD is charged and highly polar in nature and there is no crystal structure yet published. These two families of ATP-ases represent significant therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. The ATP-ase activity of Hsp90, in addition to its various co-chaperones, is essential for maintaining the conformational maturation and stability of key signaling molecules involved in cell proliferation, survival, and transformation. The mechanism by which Hsp90 functions is complex, requiring the sequential binding and dissociation of various co-chaperones as well as the hydrolysis of ATP to drive the chaperone cycle. Inhibition of ATP-ase activity at nucleotide binding site of the Hsp90 leads to prevent tumor growth. Till now, only two antibiotics (ansamycin and geldanamycin) were discovered for inhibiting ATP-ase enzymes. This article discuss about types of ATP-ases, interaction with chaperons and various ATP-ase inhibitors at NBD, chaperones inhibitors and also the possibilities for discovering more antibiotics to inhibit cell proliferations and cellular functions.
The effect of single chain variable fragment antibody to EC3-4 fragment of desmoglein 3 in a mouse model of pemphigus vulgaris (2006)

Objective To study the effect of single chain variable fragment (ScFv) antibody to EC3-4 fragment of desmoglein (Dsg) 3 in a mouse model of pemphigus vulgaris.Methods The ScFv an- tibody to EC3-4 fragment of Dsg-3 was injected subcutaneously into neonatal BALB/c mice at different time points;the mice were then evaluated clinically,histopathologically and by direct immunoflorescence exami- nation for the development of lesions.Results When injected alone,the ScFv antibody did not induce the appearance of key clinical features of pemphigus vulgaris.The antibody also did not prevent the develop- ment of pemphigus vulgaris features induced by sera of patients with pemphigus vulgaris,regardless of the time point of injection of ScFv antibody.Conclusion The ScFv antibody to EC3-4 fragment of Dsg-3 lacks pathogenicity in neonatal BALB/c mice,and also could not inhibit the development of lesions induced by sera from patients with pemphigus vulgaris.
MAGNETlC RECORDING CHARACTERISTICS OF SPUTTERED Y-Fe203 THIN FILM DISKS (1979)

A-thin film disk of Y-Fe203. for high density magnetic recording has been developed. Y-Fe203 films were prepared in a serial process from the reactive sputtering of on to a-Fe 0 reduced to Fe3O4 and