gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic visual learning for object detection (2002)

We present an unsupervised technique for visual learning which is based on density estimation in high-dimensional spaces using an eigenspace decomposition. Two types of density estimates are derived for modeling the training data: a multivariate Gaussian (for a unimodal distributions) and a multivariate Mixture-of-Gaussians model (for multimodal distributions). These probability densities are then used to formulate a maximum-likelihood estimation framework for visual search and target detection for automatic object recognition. This learning technique is tested in experiments with modeling and subsequent detection of human faces and non-rigid objects such as hands.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Visible Light Responsive Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ) (2008)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most researched semiconductor oxides that has revolutionised technologies in the field of environmental purification and energy generation. It has found extensive applications in heterogenous photocatalysis for removing organic pollutants from air and water and also in hydrogen production from photocatalytic water-splitting. Its use is popular because of its low cost, low toxicity, high chemical and thermal stability. But one of the critical limitations of TiO2 as photocatalyst is its poor response to visible light. Several attempts have been made to modify the surface and electronic structures of TiO2 to enhance its activity in the visible light region such as noble metal deposition, metal ion loading, cationic and anionic doping and sensitisation. Most of the results improved photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation. This paper attempts to review and update some of the information on the TiO2 photocatalytic technology and its accomplishment towards visible light region.
A fault location method for distribution network based on SAE (2019)

Accurate fault location of distribution network enables the fault to be quickly found and eliminated. It saves the manpower and material resources of the line inspection, reduces the losses caused by power outages, and ensures the safe and stable operation of the system. The traditional fault location method in distribution network uses the amplitude of voltage and current to calculate the fault distance without using the phase angle information. The distribution network operates in a variety of ways with fewer observation points. The actual line parameters of the system are inconsistent with the simulation parameters. At the same time, there is the access of distributed generation. All these make it is difficult to locate faults accurately in traditional distribution networks. With the application of the Micro Synchronous Phasor Measurement Unit (μPMU), phase angle information can also be used for fault location. Based on Stack Auto-encoder (SAE), in this paper, the voltage and current amplitude, and phase angle of the double-ended μPMU are used to train the SAE to calculate the fault distance. Line parameters, ground resistance and fault type are changed during training. A simulation model is built in PSCAD. The results show that this method is effective in fault location and robust against the effects of ground resistance and fault type. The effect of fault location will be very poor if only the amplitude of voltage and current is used.
Field demonstration of biological denitrification of polluted groundwater and pilot scale field testing of biological denitrification with widely varied hydraulic loading rates (1990)

Based on the previous research, a field demonstration of the biological denitrification process followed by slow sand filtration was initiated. It was the objective of the project to demonstrate the operation of the plant under conditions which are typical of a small community water supply operation, i.e., significant periods of unattended operation, natural variations of water temperatures and influent nitrate concentrations, and seasonal variations in water demand producing variations in hydraulic loading to the denitrification tower. After slow sand filtration the performance of the plant was expected to produce a high-quality water meeting the Safe Drinking Water Act standards for nitrate, turbidity, and coliform bacterial concentrations.
Studies on pyrimidine derivatives XX. Synthetic utility of hydroxymethylpyrimidines and related compounds. (1980)

The conversion of a hydroxymethyl group at the 2- or 4-position of simple pyrimidines to a chloromethyl, cyanomethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, or formyl group is described. Various pyrimidines having an olefinic side chain were also synthesized via the Wittig reagents derived from chloromethylpyrimidines.
Methodology for on-chip adaptive jitter minimization in phase-locked loops (2003)

This paper describes a run-time adaptive method of minimizing jitter for a phase-locked loop (PLL). The design employs digital tuning that independently adjusts each loop parameter of the PLL. The loop is fabricated in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS and uses a 2.5 V supply. The proposed method measures the output jitter on-chip and adjusts the PLL loop parameters toward minimizing the jitter by a closed-loop control system. The experimental results verify the success of the proposed method in minimizing jitter to within 5 ps of the minimum peak-to-peak jitter.
Cationic Polymerizations (1996)

Fundamentals of the reactions of carbocations with nucleophiles mechanistic aspects of cationic polymerization of alkenes controlled/living carbocationic polymerization controlled polymer synthesis by cationic polymerization cationic polymerization of heterocyclics step-growth electrophilic oligomerization and polymerization reactions industrial cationic polymerizations - an overview.
Identification of infants at high‐risk for autism spectrum disorder using multiparameter multiscale white matter connectivity networks (2015)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a wide range of disabilities that cause life-long cognitive impairment and social, communication, and behavioral challenges. Early diagnosis and medical intervention are important for improving the life quality of autistic patients. However, in the current practice, diagnosis often has to be delayed until the behavioral symptoms become evident during childhood. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using machine learning techniques for identifying high-risk ASD infants at as early as six months after birth. This is based on the observation that ASD-induced abnormalities in white matter (WM) tracts and whole-brain connectivity have already started to appear within 24 months after birth. In particular, we propose a novel multikernel support vector machine classification framework by using the connectivity features gathered from WM connectivity networks, which are generated via multiscale regions of interest (ROIs) and multiple diffusion statistics such as fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and average fiber length. Our proposed framework achieves an accuracy of 76% and an area of 0.80 under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), in comparison to the accuracy of 70% and the AUC of 70% provided by the best single-parameter single-scale network. The improvement in accuracy is mainly due to the complementary information provided by multiparameter multiscale networks. In addition, our framework also provides the potential imaging connectomic markers and an objective means for early ASD diagnosis.
A Relocation Strategy for Munich's Bike Sharing System: Combining an operator-based and a user-based Scheme (2017)

Based on a detailed GPS-Data Analysis for a free-floating Bike Sharing System, mobility patterns of the bike usage were identified spatially and temporally. Depending on different factors like seasons, weather conditions, time of the day and holidays/weekends, we built up a demand model in order to forecast the upcoming demand at certain time and place. This model reveals optimal fleet distributions for different zones in the operating area and for different time slots. To redistribute the fleet a reasonable relocation strategy was created in order to obtain an optimal distribution of bikes within the operating area. Two different kinds of relocation methods are evaluated: an operator-based relocation strategy, where at least one vehicle redistributes a part of the fleet. Additionally, a user-based relocation scheme was created: based on pricing benefits for the user, at least a share of the needed relocations are conducted by users, almost cost-neutral. There is a certain threshold though, when the necessary fleet relocations are too urgent and an operator-based intervention is inevitable. At the end, we carried out a validation to show what kind of effects a real life relocation could imply.
Conical diffraction illumination opens the way for low phototoxicity super-resolution imaging (2014)

We present a new technology for super-resolution fluorescence imaging, based on conical diffraction. Conical diffraction is a linear, singular phenomenon, taking place when a laser beam is diffracted through a biaxial crystal. We use conical diffraction in a thin biaxial crystal to generate illumination patterns that are more compact than the classical Gaussian beam, and use them to generate a super-resolution imaging modality. While there already exist several super-resolution modalities, our technology (biaxial super-resolution: BSR) is distinguished by the unique combination of several performance features. Using BSR super-resolution data are achieved using low light illumination significantly less than required for classical confocal imaging, which makes BSR ideal for live-cell, long-term time-lapse super-resolution imaging. Furthermore, no specific sample preparation is required, and any fluorophore can be used. Perhaps most exciting, improved resolution BSR-imaging resolution enhancement can be achieved with any type of objective no matter the magnification, numerical aperture, working distance, or the absence or presence of immersion medium. In this article, we present the first implementation of BSR modality on a commercial confocal microscope. We acquire and analyze validation data, showing high quality super-resolved images of biological objects, and demonstrate the wide applicability of the technology. We report live-cell super-resolution imaging over a long period, and show that the light dose required for super-resolution imaging is far below the threshold likely to generate phototoxicity.
2-μm high-power multiple-frequency single-mode Q-switched Ho:YLF laser for DIAL application (2014)

We report on the development and the demonstration of a two-wavelength single-frequency laser oscillator based on Ho:YLF crystal. This laser is especially suitable for application as a transmitter in differential absorption lidar (DIAL)/integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) using the R30 CO2 absorption line at 2,050.967 nm. The oscillator consists in a fiber-coupled and free-space solid-state hybrid system and can be used in high-energy middle-rate or moderate-energy high-rate configurations. The latter produced On and Off sequentially single-frequency laser pulses with 13 mJ of energy at a repetition rate of 2 kHz and pulse duration of 42 ns. The pulse energy and frequency stabilities are specially documented in free-running, single-frequency and two-frequency seeding single-mode operations. Standard deviation is 7.7 % for pulse energy and 2 MHz for frequency stability for the two-wavelength seeding operation. Allan variance plot shows that frequency fluctuations are reduced below 70 kHz for 10 s of averaging which is suitable for accurate CO2 DIAL or IPDA measurements.
A new approach to array denoising (2002)

We present a novel approach for suppressing additive noise in multichannel signal processing environments. Inspired by a neurophysiological data environment, where an array of recording electrodes is surrounded by multiple neural cell sources, significant spatial correlation of source signals motivated the need for an efficient technique for reliable multichannel signal estimation. The technique described is based on thresholding an array discrete wavelet transform (ADWT) representation of the multichannel data. We show that by spatially decorrelating the ADWT, spatially correlated noise components in each frequency subband spanned by the corresponding wavelet orthonormal bases are converted to uncorrelated ones that are eventually suppressed by the thresholding stage. Recorrelation and reconstruction of the resulting ADWT is then performed yielding a significant improvement in SNR on all channels. The advantage of this technique lies in the fact that no apriori assumptions are required about the signal parameters or the noise process. Results of applying the technique to simulated and real multiunit neural recordings are presented and compared to existing techniques.
Log-structured storage for efficient weakly-connected replication (2004)

Optimistic replication accepts changes to replicated data sets without immediate coordination, with the assumption that conflicts can later be resolved by a separate protocol. This protocol will subsequently reconcile changes between replicas, and detect and resolve any conflicts. We present a log-based reconciliation architecture that is designed to record and reconcile changes to data efficiently in terms of communication and storage overhead. Redundancy is eliminated through the use of a log-based storage mechanism. A general data model accommodates a large variety of data types. Because of its storage efficiency, the architecture is especially suited to small data such as database records.
Detection of Network Intrusion Based on a HMM Model (2010)

To solving the problem of high ratio of false alarm and self- adaptation, this paper proposes a new method to the network intrusion detection based on HMM model. According to the system call serial generated in the normal application of the program, this method builds up a HMM for the normal behavior of the computer system. And then bring forward an algorithm of anomaly detection. It is proved that this method increases the rate of accuracy and save more storage space without affecting the detection rate.
An Integrated Approach to Evaluate Food Antioxidant Capacity (2007)

Many methods are available for determining food antioxidant capacity, which is an important topic in food and nutrition research and marketing. However, the results and inferences from different methods may vary substantially because each complex chemical reaction generates unique values. To get a complete and dynamic picture of the ranking of food antioxidant capacity, relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI), a hypothetical concept, is created from the perspective of statistics by integrating the antioxidant capacity values generated from different in vitro methods. RACI is the mean value of standard scores transformed from the initial data generated with different methods for each food item. By comparing the antioxidant capacity of 20 commonly consumed vegetables in the U.S. market that were measured with 7 chemical methods, we demonstrated that the RACI correlated strongly with each method. The significant correlation of RACI with an independent data set further confirmed that RACI is a valid tool to assess food antioxidant capacity. The key advantage of this integrated approach is that RACI is in a numerical scale with no units and has consistent agreement with chemical methods. Although it is a relative index and may not represent a specific antioxidant property of different food items, RACI provides a reasonably accurate rank of antioxidant capacity among foods. Therefore, it can be used as an integrated approach to evaluate food antioxidant capacity.
Phage Lysins for Fighting Bacterial Respiratory Infections: A New Generation of Antimicrobials (2018)

Lower respiratory tract infections and tuberculosis are responsible for the death of about 4.5 million people each year and are the main causes of mortality in children under 5 years of age. <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> is the most common bacterial pathogen associated with severe pneumonia, although other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are involved in respiratory infections as well. The ability of these pathogens to persist and produce infection under the appropriate conditions is also associated with their capacity to form biofilms in the respiratory mucous membranes. Adding to the difficulty of treating biofilm-forming bacteria with antibiotics, many of these strains are becoming multidrug resistant, and thus the alternative therapeutics available for combating this kind of infections are rapidly depleting. Given these concerns, it is urgent to consider other unconventional strategies and, in this regard, phage lysins represent an attractive resource to circumvent some of the current issues in infection treatment. When added exogenously, lysins break specific bonds of the peptidoglycan and have potent bactericidal effects against susceptible bacteria. These enzymes possess interesting features, including that they do not trigger an adverse immune response and raise of resistance is very unlikely. Although Gram-negative bacteria had been considered refractory to these compounds, strategies to overcome this drawback have been developed recently. In this review we describe the most relevant <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> results obtained to date with lysins against bacterial respiratory pathogens.
Analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 2-substituted 1,3-oxathiolanes. Determination of the conformation of the oxathiolane ring system and the conformational free energy values for the 2-alkyl substituents (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 2-substituted 1,3-oxathiolanes. Determination of the conformation of the oxathiolane ring system and the conformational free energy values for the 2-alkyl substituentsDaniel J. Pasto, Francis M. Klein, and Terrence W. DoyleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 17, 4368–4374Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00993a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00993a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plasma surface modification of polymer powders with application to thermal energy storage (1986)

Abstract The rotating bed plasma reactor described here permits uniform surface modification of relatively large amounts of powder materials. Scale‐up to even larger batches of solids appears to be feasible. Some preliminary experimental data on the plasma surface modification of polymer powders have been presented. The results show that the flow rate, time of treatment, and type of feed gas are important operating parameters which influence the final surface character. One particular application of plasma‐modified polymer powders was explored; by crosslinking and/or chemically modifying only the outermost surface regions of these powders, various polymeric materials may be rendered useful for use in thermal storage slurries. The major advantage of the surface‐modified plasma treated powders over the bulk‐modified powders used previously is the retention of essentially all of the pristine polymer heat of fusion in the surface‐modified materials.
Preoxidation Si cleaning and its impact on metal oxide semiconductor characteristics (1992)

SiO2/Si interfaces with minimal defect densities will be required for the proper functioning of field effect transistors (FET) and device isolation schemes in future semiconductor technology. Control of the wafer surface contamination will become critical to meet semiconductor device yield and reliability goals. Future processing strategies to meet these stringent requirements include various vapor-phase preoxidation cleaning and passivating chemistries and clustered-tool processing schemes. In this paper, we summarize results from in situ studies on the prospects of the ultraviolet (UV)/O2 and HF chemical treatments as both preoxidation cleaning procedures and as passivation schemes. HF-cleaned Si surfaces were tested for passivation against hydrocarbon uptake using the surface analytical tools of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), and thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS). The impact of organic contamination was studied by fabricating metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) structures on hydrocarbon-contaminated Si surfaces and measuring their electrical characteristics. The gas-phase UV/O2 procedure was studied for organic layer removal. Further, a combined HF+UV/O2 chemistry was studied to understand its effectiveness as a preoxidation treatment for preparing interface hardened MOS structures.
An effective method for rotor resistance identification for high-performance induction motor vector control (1990)

An effective method for rotor resistance identification is presented for the purpose of improving the performance of vector control of induction motor drives. The method is mathematically derived from proper selection of coordinate axes and utilization of the steady-state model of the induction motor. The major advantages of the method lie in its simplicity and accuracy. A series of computer simulations has been performed with very satisfactory results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bioenergetic Considerations in Cereal Breeding for Protein Improvement (1976)

The bioenergetic implications of changing cereal grain protein concentrations and amino acid compositions by plant breeding are examined. It is shown that increased inputs of carbon assimilates and nitrogen are necessary when increasing protein concentration in cereal grains while maintaining high yields. Also, energetic requirements for obtaining endosperm proteins with a high lysine content in genotypes of maize and barley are slightly higher than in normal lysine stocks. The implications for plant breeding are discussed.