gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurodegenerative Disease and the NLRP3 Inflammasome (2021)

The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease has increased significantly in recent years, and with a rapidly aging global population, this trend is expected to continue. These diseases are characterised by a progressive neuronal loss in the brain or peripheral nervous system, and generally involve protein aggregation, as well as metabolic abnormalities and immune dysregulation. Although the vast majority of neurodegeneration is idiopathic, there are many known genetic and environmental triggers. In the past decade, research exploring low-grade systemic inflammation and its impact on the development and progression of neurodegenerative disease has increased. A particular research focus has been whether systemic inflammation arises only as a secondary effect of disease or is also a cause of pathology. The inflammasomes, and more specifically the NLRP3 inflammasome, a crucial component of the innate immune system, is usually activated in response to infection or tissue damage. Dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases. This review aims to summarise current literature on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and recent work investigating NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition as a potential future therapy.
Intensive speech treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease (1996)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term (12 months) effects of two forms of speech treatment on the speech and voice deficits that occur in Parkinson's disease. Thirty-five patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were assigned to one of two speech treatment groups: voice and respiration (The Lee Silverman Voice Treatment [LSVT]) or placebo (respiration) treatment. Vocal intensity data from before, immediately after, and at 6 and 12 months after speech treatment revealed statistically significant differences between the treatment groups. Only subjects in the LSVT group improved or maintained vocal intensity above pretreatment levels by 12 months after treatment. The placebo group had statistically significant deterioration of vocal intensity levels from before to 12 months after treatment during conversational monologue. The LSVT group did not deteriorate to levels below pretreatment in vocal intensity over the 12-month period. This study is the first to document the short-and long-term effects of intensive speech treatment (LSVT), which focuses on the voice, for patients with Parkinson's disease compared with a placebo speech treatment group.
The determination of tocopherols by paper chromatography (1955)

Abstract Methods are given for determining individual tocopherols in natural oils and food‐stuffs. These methods consist of either a single‐dimensional separation on zinc carbonate‐impregnated paper, or this separation in conjunction with a second‐dimensional partition separation on paraffin‐coated paper. Chromatographic runs are short and rapid and can be made without preliminary removal of carotenoids and moderate amounts of vitamin A or sterols. Over 98% recoveries are obtained with pure tocopherols. The presence of the recently described 5‐methyltocol in wheat products has been confirmed, and, in addition, using two‐dimensional methods, a substance has been isolated from some cereal grains, which appears to be a new tocopherol.
Multicolor polystyrene nanospheres tagged with up-conversion fluorescent nanocrystals (2008)

Compared to conventional down-conversion fluorescent materials, NIR-to-visible up-conversion fluorescent materials which emit visible light upon near-infrared (NIR) excitation are better suited for biodetection/bioimaging due to their advantages such as minimum photo-damage to living organisms, weak background fluorescence, low signal-to-noise ratio and high detection sensitivity. Uniform hexagonal NaYF(4) (β-NaYF(4)) nanocrystals with up-conversion fluorescence were synthesized. Monodisperse polystyrene nanospheres with an average size of 400 nm in diameter, tagged with different color β-NaYF(4) nanocrystals, were prepared using a miniemulsion polymerization method. More than 20 β-NaYF(4) nanocrystals were encapsulated in a single polystyrene nanosphere. The nanospheres emit multicolor NIR-to-visible up-conversion fluorescence upon excitation at a wavelength of 980 nm. The nanospheres could be used for a variety of biological applications which require high-sensitivity detection of biomolecules.
Application of a New Positioning Device for Isometric Replacement in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair and Reconstruction (1991)

The functional effects of displacing the cruciate ligament attachments were studied in ten adult cadaver knees. On a systematic variation of the femoral and tibial attachment sites according to a three-dimensional raster scheme, a quantitative analysis of the absolute length and of motion-dependent changes in ligament isometry was performed. All insertion points deviating from the original anatomic landmarks did not accomplish biomechanical requirements. A femoral displacement had an increased effect on disturbing isometry compared to a tibial malposition. Although recommended by several authors, the "over-the-top" position gave the most unsatisfactory results with a maximum isometry failure of 10 mm. In cruciate ligament replacement a positioning guide with isometry testing capacity should be mandatory to ensure correct placement of bone tunnels. For this purpose a new positioning device which allows for isometry measurements before a bone channel is drilled is introduced and applied in an experimental setup.
Recycling of docosahexaenoic acid in rat retinas during n-3 fatty acid deficiency. (1991)

About 50% of the fatty acids in retinal rod outer segments is docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)], a member of the linolenic acid [18:3(n-3)] family of essential fatty acids. Dietary deprivation of n-3 fatty acids leads to only modest changes in 22:6(n-3) levels in the retina. We investigated the mechanism(s) by which the retina conserves 22:6(n-3) during n-3 fatty acid deficiency. Weanling rats were fed diets containing 10% (wt/wt) hydrogenated coconut oil (no n-3 or n-6 fatty acids), linseed oil (high n-3, low n-6), or safflower oil (high n-6, less than 0.1% n-3) for 15 weeks. The turnover of phospholipid molecular species and the turnover and recycling of 22:6(n-3) in phospholipids of the rod outer segment membranes were examined after the intravitreal injection of [2-3H]glycerol and [4,5-3H]22:6(n-3), respectively. Animals were killed on selected days, and rod outer segment membranes, liver, and plasma were taken for lipid analyses. The half-lives (days) of individual phospholipid molecular species and total phospholipid 22:6(n-3) were calculated from the slopes of the regression lines of log specific activity versus time. There were no differences in the turnover rates of phospholipid molecular species among the three dietary groups, as determined by the disappearance of labeled glycerol. Thus, 22:6(n-3) is not conserved through a reduction in phospholipid turnover in rod outer segments. However, the half-life of [4,5-3H]22:6(n-3) in the linseed oil group (19 days) was significantly less than in the coconut oil (54 days) and safflower oil (not measurable) groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Isoproterenol Opens K<sup>+</sup> <sub>ATP</sub>Channels via a β<sub>2</sub>-Adrenoceptor-linked Mechanism in Sertoli Cells from Immature Rats (2005)

In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which isoproterenol hyperpolarises membrane potential (MP) in Sertoli cells from seminiferous tubules of 15-day-old rat testes. Modification of MP and resistance (R0) was analysed using conventional intracellular glass microelectrodes. Isoproterenol (2 x 10(-6) M) induced an immediate and significant hyperpolarisation in the Sertoli-cell membrane. The beta2-AR antagonist, butoxamine (1 x 10(-6) M), nullified isoproterenol action. The effect of the beta1 antagonist, metoprolol (1 x 10(-6) M), was light and non-significant. Sulphonylurea glibenclamide inhibition of the K+(ATP) channels suppressed isoproterenol action, and testosterone, while depolarising Sertoli-cell MP closing the K+(ATP) channels through the PLC/PIP2 pathway, reduced beta-AR agonist-induced hyperpolarisation. Also, polycations LaCl3 and spermine reversed isoproterenol's hyperpolarisation effect, probably depolarising the membrane potential through ionic interaction neutralising the action of isoproterenol on K+(ATP) channels. Adenylate cyclase agonist forskolin (0.1 microM) rapidly hyperpolarised Sertoli-cell MP, mimicking the isoproterenol effect. These effects indicate that isoproterenol's action on K+(ATP) channel probably involves the known signalling cascade beta-AR/Gs/AC/cAMP/PKA. These results suggest that the isoproterenol-induced hyperpolarisation is mediated by the opening of K+(ATP) channels in Sertoli cells. This beta-adrenergic hyperpolarisation might play a physiological role in the modulation of MP.
Reduction in external K causes increased action potential shortening in ventricular myocytes from the spontaneously hypertensive rat. (1997)

Low K shortened the action potential both in NCR and in SHR cells but had a much greater effect on the action potential shape in SHR cells. Low K attenuated the difference in action potential shape between SHR and NCR by reducing the longer plateau observed in SHR cells. Combined low K plus low Mg exerted an effect on the action potential shape similar to that of low K alone in all cells. This increased shortening of the action potential produced by low K in SHR cells might be relevant to the increased incidence of arrhythmias associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, perhaps by shortening the wavelength of excitation and encouraging re-entrant arrhythmias, or by increasing the heterogeneity of repolarization within the ventricle.
A Phase I Trial of Bortezomib with Temozolomide in Patients with Advanced Melanoma: Toxicities, Antitumor Effects, and Modulation of Therapeutic Targets (2009)

We have defined phase II doses for this schedule of temozolomide with bortezomib. Although proteasome activity was inhibited for a limited time in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we were unable to show consistent effects on NF-kappaB activation.
Photoemitter Membrane Light Modulator (1986)

A potentially high-performance, optically addressed spatial light modulator, called the photoemitter membrane light modulator (PEMLM), is being developed. The structure, operational theory, performance objectives and limitations, and experimentally observed performance of this device are discussed. A grid structure incorporated into the PEMLM is shown to significantly enhance the active removal of electrons from the membrane by secondary emission. The PEMLM offers the potential for framing rates in excess of 1 kHz, 50 1p/mm resolution, storage times of days, sensitivities of less than 1 nJ/cmz, and an intrinsic ability to perform such image processing operations as thresholding, contrast modification, image addition and subtraction, binary logic, and optical synchronous detection.
Liquid immersion lithography at 157 nm (2005)

We performed an initial evaluation of 157-nm immersion lithography. The 157-nm immersion fluid needs to have both a high refractive index and high transmittance at a wavelength of 157 nm. This paper focuses on the transparency of the fluid. We evaluated the transparency of straight-chain perfluoroalkane and perfluoroether using a semi-empirical molecular orbital method. We found that perfluoroether has lower absorption at 157 nm than perfluoroalkane, and increasing the amount of ether bonds in perfluoroether can further reduce the absorption. Moreover, we found that designing the molecular structure with ether bonds so that the number of successive CF<sub>x</sub> is balanced should further improve transparency. Although the commercial perfluoropolyether BARRIERTA<sup>®</sup> J25V contains a trifluoromethyl group in one of its side-chains, it satisfied the above conditions and achieved high transmittance of 1.0 cm<sup>-1</sup> at 157 nm. The sensitivity characteristics of the XP2332C and F-SSQ resists were evaluated by dry and immersion exposure using BARRIERTA<sup>®</sup> J25V immersion fluid, and no noticeable changes were seen in the development contrast for either exposure condition for either of these two resists. To perform 157-nm immersion exposures, we constructed a Michelson interferometric exposure tool, which let us create an interference pattern with sufficient optical contrast. We obtained a resolution of 60-nm line-and-space pattern having a good rectangular shape by immersion exposure using this interferometric exposure tool, F-SSQ resist, and BARRIERTA<sup>®</sup> J25V immersion fluid without using a top-coat.
Epidemiology of prostate cancer and treatment remarks (2012)

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer death among men in the Western countries. The aim of the present analysis is to assess the cancer burden in order to ensure accurate strategies for chemoprevention and treatment, including the major therapeutic approaches for localized high-risk disease -surgery and radiation therapy -and quality of life issues related to each option.
SCARLET 3 - A flight experiment considering rate saturation (2000)

Rate limiting in modern flight control systems has been identified as one of the main contributors to Pilotin-the-Loop Oscillations (PIO). The OLOP criterion, developed at DLR, is capable of predicting non-linear PIO problems due to rate saturation. It is based on the location of the Open Loop Onset Point (OLOP) of the rate limiter in the Nichols chart. The OLOP criterion so far has been validated on the basis of several PIO prone aircraft models and an extensive experiment conducted on a ground based simulator. In this paper an in-flight experiment with DLR's research aircraft ATT AS is described. Several configurations with different Category II PIO potential in the longitudinal and lateral axes were defined and evaluated. Some configurations included a phase compensating rate limiter. The results of the flight experiment are compared to the predictions of the OLOP criterion. A good agreement between the predictions of the OLOP criterion and the in-flight simulation results was obtained.
[The use of resources. Unnecessary stays in pediatric surgical services]. (1999)

A meaningful proportion by day of hospital stay would be avoided. The unnecessary stays search facilitates the weak points identification on those which to develop improvement actions.
Design trade-offs for 5-V output off-line zero-voltage-switched PWM converters (2002)

The design guidelines and tradeoffs of 5-V output offline full-bridge (FB) zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) power converters are presented. Various design tradeoffs, such as the ZVS range, the leakage inductance and the switching frequency, are discussed. A 5 V, 325 W ZVS-FB-PWM power converter was built following the design procedures. The hardware implementation and the experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetic levitation force between a superconducting bulk magnet and a permanent magnet (2003)

The current density in a disk-shaped superconducting bulk magnet and the magnetic levitation force exerted on the superconducting bulk magnet by a cylindrical permanent magnet are calculated from first principles. The effect of the superconducting parameters of the superconducting bulk is taken into account by assuming the voltage-current law and the material law. The magnetic levitation force is dominated by the remnant current density, which is induced by switching off the applied magnetizing field. High critical current density and flux creep exponent may increase the magnetic levitation force. Large volume and high aspect ratio of the superconducting bulk can enhance the magnetic levitation force further.
Novel<i>N</i>-Substituted Benzimidazolones as Potent, Selective, CNS-Penetrant, and Orally Active M<sub>1</sub>mAChR Agonists (2010)

Virtual screening of the corporate compound collection yielded compound 1 as a subtype selective muscarinic M1 receptor agonist hit. Initial optimization of the N-capping group of the central piperidine ring resulted in compounds 2 and 3 with significantly improved potency and selectivity. Subsequent optimization of substituents on the phenyl ring of the benzimidazolone moiety led to the discovery of novel muscarinic M1 receptor agonists 4 and 5 with excellent potency, general and subtype selectivity, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties including good central nervous system (CNS) penetration and oral bioavailability. Compound 5 showed robust in vivo activities in animal models of cognition enhancement. The combination of high potency, excellent selectivity, and good PK properties makes compounds 4 and 5 valuable tool compounds for investigating and validating potential therapeutic benefits resulting from selective M1 activation.
Imidazole Complexes as Hardeners for Epoxy Adhesives (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImidazole Complexes as Hardeners for Epoxy AdhesivesR. Dowbenko, C. C. Anderson, and W. -H. ChangCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1971, 10, 3, 344–351Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360039a017https://doi.org/10.1021/i360039a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views796Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Jitter amplifier for oscillator-based true random number generator (2011)

This paper presents a jitter amplifier for oscillator-based TRNG (true random number generator). The proposed jitter amplifier fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process occupying the area of 3,300 μm2 archives 8.4x gain at 25 °C and significantly improves the entropy enough to pass randomness test.
Development of a novel multiplex beads‐based assay for autoantibody detection for colorectal cancer diagnosis (2016)

Humoral response in cancer patients can be used for early cancer detection. By screening high-density protein microarrays with sera from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and controls, we identified 16 tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) exhibiting high diagnostic value. This high number of TAAs requires the development of multiplex assays combining different antigens for a faster and more accurate prediction of CRC. Here, we have developed and optimized a bead-based assay using nine selected TAAs and two controls to provide a multiplex test for early CRC diagnosis. We screened a collection of 307 CRC patients' and control sera with the beads assay to identify and validate the best TAA combination for CRC detection. The multiplex bead-based assay exhibited a similar diagnostic performance to detect the humoral response in comparison to multiple ELISA analyses. After multivariate analysis, a panel composed of GTF2B, EDIL3, HCK, PIM1, STK4, and p53, together with gender and age, was identified as the best combination of TAAs for CRC diagnosis, achieving an AUC of 89.7%, with 66% sensitivity at 90.0% fixed specificity. The model was validated using bootstrapping analysis. In summary, we have developed a novel multiplex bead assay that after validation with a larger independent cohort of sera could be utilized in a high-throughput manner for population screening to facilitate the detection of early CRC patients.
Effects of Transdermal Clonidine Treatment on Withdrawal Symptoms Associated With Smoking Cessation (1988)

• In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we studied 40 cigarette smokers to determine the effects of one week of transdermal clonidine hydrochloride (Catapres-TTS No. 2) treatment on the withdrawal symptoms associated with smoking cessation. Subjects were instructed to maintain their usual cigarette intake during days 1 through 3 and cease smoking for days 4 through 6. All of the withdrawal symptoms measured (craving, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, and hunger) significantly increased during the three days of smoking cessation in the placebo group. There was a 4.3-fold increase in craving, a 3.8-fold increase in irritability, a 3.7-fold increase in anxiety, and a 3.3-fold increase in restlessness in the placebo group compared with the transdermal clonidine group during the three days of smoking cessation. Impairment of concentration and hunger were not significantly diminished by transdermal clonidine treatment during smoking cessation. In addition, a trend was present in the transdermal clonidine group to spontaneously decrease the number of cigarettes smoked per day during the smoking period. Side effects were generally mild. We conclude that transdermal clonidine treatment ameliorates some of the short-term withdrawal symptoms, especially craving, associated with smoking cessation. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1988;148:2027-2031)
Uncalibrated target tracking with obstacle avoidance (2002)

Target tracking and obstacle avoidance are demonstrated for uncalibrated visual servoing. An objective function is designed that encourages target following by a robotic end-effector while discouraging movements near an obstacle. The objective function incorporates the error between the target and the end-effector and a potential function related to the obstacle. This objective function is minimized using a dynamic nonlinear least squares optimization method in conjunction with a recursive least squares Jacobian estimation algorithm. The approach is generic and can be applied to a variety of systems. Calibration is unnecessary after a reconfiguration or disturbance to the robotic workcell. This type of control has the potential to provide a low-cost, low-maintenance automation solution for unstructured industries and environments. Experimental results demonstrate both target tracking and obstacle avoidance for an uncalibrated robotic system.