gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The x-Kernel: an architecture for implementing network protocols (1991)

A description is given of an operating system kernel, called the x-Kernel, that provides an explicit architecture for constructing and composing network protocols. The authors' experience implementing and evaluation several protocols in the x-Kernel shows that this architecture is general enough to accommodate a wide range of protocols, yet efficient enough to perform competitively with less-structured operating systems. Experimental results demonstrating the architecture's generality and efficiency are provided. The explicit structure provided by the x-Kernel has the following advantages. First, the architecture simplifies the process of implementing protocols in the kernel, making it easier to build and test novel protocols. Second, the uniformity of the interface between protocols avoids the significant cost of changing abstractions and makes protocol performance predictable. Third, it is possible to write efficient protocols by tuning the underlying architecture rather than heavily optimizing protocols themselves.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Remote Measuring for Sand in Pipelines Using Wireless Sensor Network (2011)

Sand production is considered one of the major problems facing the petroleum industry since a small amount of sand in the produced fluid can result in significant erosion in a very short time period. Installation of a system to monitor and quantify sand production from a well would be valuable to assist in optimizing well productivity and to detect sand as early as possible. In this paper, we present a framework for sand detection and sand production rate measurement. The framework combines two modules: 1) a wireless sensor data acquisition (WSDA) module and 2) a central data fusion (CDF) module. The framework is designed to collect data from oil pipeline using acoustic sensors (SENACO AS100), flow analyzer (MC-II), and differential pressure transmitter (EJA110A) in real time. A test bed is established from ten acoustic sensors mounted on a closed-loop pipeline. The flow rate and the differential pressure are monitored as well. The sand is injected in the test bed with a constant flow and pressure. The output of the acoustic sensor is analyzed in order to calculate the sand production rate. The sand rate, flow rate, and pressure are digitized for wireless transmission using the WSDA module. The data are collected in the gateway, i.e., a laptop in our case. The CDF module is implemented in the gateway. The purpose of data fusion is to improve the system performance. Three different fusion methods, fuzzy art, maximum-likelihood estimator, and moving average filter are evaluated throughout the simulation and experimental results. The proposed framework is successfully tested and evaluated.
Using a hot dry rock geothermal reservoir for load following (1995)

Field measurements and modeling have shown the potential for using a Hot Dry Rock (HDR) geothermal reservoir for electric load following: either with Power-Peaking from a base-load operating condition, or for Pumped Storage of off-peak electric energy with a very significant thermal augmentation of the stored mechanical energy during periods of power production. For the base-load with power-peaking mode of operation, an HDR reservoir appears capable of producing over twice its nominal power output for short--2 to 4 hour--periods of time. In this mode of operation, the reservoir normally would be produced under a high-backpressure condition with the HDR reservoir region near the production well highly inflated. Upon demand, the production backpressure would be sharply reduced, surging the production flow. Alternatively, for Pumped Storage, the reservoir would be operated in a cyclic mode, with production shut-in during off-peak hours. When the produced thermal energy of such a pumped-storage system is considered, an HDR reservoir would be capable of returning considerably more energy to the surface during the production phase than would have been consumed in inflating the reservoir during the off-peak storage phase. Pumped Storage reservoir operation was actually demonstrated experimentally during a brief series of cyclic reservoir tests at the end of the Long-Term Flow Test (LTFT) of the HDR reservoir at Fenton Hill, NM in May 1993. The analytical tool used in these investigations has been the transient finite element model of the an HDR reservoir called GEOCRACK, which is being developed by Professor Dan Swenson and his students at Kansas State University. This discrete-element representation of a jointed rock mass has recently been validated for transient operations using the set of cyclic reservoir operating data obtained at the end of the LTFT.
SYNTHESIS OF 6-CHLORO-7-PHENYLDIBENZO[b,h][1,6]NAPHTHYRIDINES (2000)

Synthesis of title compounds and" derivatives is reported by the cyclisation of 4-phenyl-3carboxanilidoquinoline-2( 1 H)ones 3 with PPA obtained from their corresponding acids 2. 2-oxo-4phenylquinolin-3-carboxylic acid 2 which inturn were prepared from 3-cyano-4-phenyquinolin-2( I H)ones by acid hydrolysis. Vol. 6, No. 6, 2000 Synthesis of 6-chloro-7-phenyldibenzo[b,h][l,6]naphthyridines Experiemental : Melting points were determined on a Boetius Microheating table and are uncorrected. IR Spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer-597 Infrared Spectrophotometer as KBr pellets. NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker WH-270(270 MHz) NMR spectrometer or on an EM-390 (90MHz) NMR spectrometer in CDCI, unless otherwise specified. Mass spectra were recorded on a a Jeol-D300 mass spectrometer or on Finnigan MAT 8230 GC/mass spectrometer. Elemental analyses were performed by Cario-Elmer 1106 and Perkin-Elmer model 1240 CHN analyser. For all compounds satisfactory microanalyses were obtained (C, . 0.4%)
Untersuchungen über wirkungsmechanismen von lichtschutzmitteln. 1. mitteilung (1973)

Abstract Aufgrund mechanistischer Überlegungen über die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Quenchvorgängen in der festen Polymermatrix wird die Möglichkeit eines Singulett‐Sauerstoff‐Mechanismus bei der Photodegradation von Polypropylen in Betracht gezogen. Untersuchungen an Verbindungen, die z.T. als Lichtschutzmittel bekannt sind, haben gezeigt, daß sie bei der sensibilisierten Photooxidation z.B. des Rubrens Singulett‐Sauerstoff in mehr oder weniger ausgeprägtem Maß zu desaktivieren vermögen. Es ist deshalb nicht auszuschließen, daß dem Singulett‐Sauerstoff bei der Photodegradation von Polymeren eine gewisse Bedeutung zukommt. Andererseits geht aus weiteren Untersuchungen hervor, daß Vertreter derselben Substanzklassen außerdem als Radikalfänger bzw. als Hydroperoxid‐Desaktivatoren wirken können.
Grid frequency and voltage support using PV systems with energy storage (2011)

An optimized operating scheme for a utility connected community based photovoltaic (PV) system is described. The system can participate in grid ancillary services like frequency and voltage regulation functions based on the Smart Grid framework The proposed model comprises of a PV plant with Li-ion batteries coupled to the grid with the help of a three phase inverter. A two-way communication between the PV plant and the grid is assumed. The PV/storage plant provides constant updates on its current kW/kVar capability and the grid transmits the demand for specific amounts of power and for specific lengths of time. The battery charging energy can originate from either the PV system or the grid depending on the prevailing energy prices. The batteries are discharged when two conditions are met: the grid requests energy from the community-based PV system and if the PV system itself fails to meet the requested kW or kVar demand. The PV plant and the battery storage are integrated with the grid with the help of dc-dc and dc-ac converters in such a way that bi-directional flow of active and reactive powers can be achieved. Controllers integrating energy sources respond to the received signals and attempt to fulfill the grid demand. The system response is almost instantaneous and thus can be very helpful in frequency and voltage regulation.
Negative screening for sickle cell diseases with a monoclonal immunoassay on newborn blood eluted from filter paper. (1990)

The most common method of blood sample collection for neonatal screening programs for inherited diseases-blood spots on filter paper--is poorly suited for screening of sickle cell diseases by conventional assays because of the denaturing effects of this medium on hemoglobins that affect their electrophoretic identifications. The monoclonal antibody beta (6)-1 specifically recognizes the hemoglobin A beta-chain residue 6 (glutamic acid), that is, the normal counterpart of hemoglobins S and C, and this recognition is unaffected by changes in hemoglobins induced by filter paper storage. The beta (6)-1 immunoassay analysis of 67 prescreened samples extracted from filter paper permitted unambiguous group identification, by virtue of nonreactivity, of the pathologic sickle cell disease phenotypes SS (sickle cell anemia) and SC (sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease), along with the homozygous hemoglobin C phenotype (hemoglobin CC disease). Other phenotypes identified by beta (6)-1 nonreactivity would include S-beta(0) thalassemia, C-beta (0) thalassemia, and beta(0) thalassemia (Cooley's anemia). As systems for collecting newborn blood specimens on filter paper and their transmittal to centralized laboratories are already established in many states, this assay for sickle cell and hemoglobin C diseases could rapidly be combined with other mass screening programs for inborn errors of metabolism.
Repeat Dynamic Underbalance Perforating in Oman (2013)

Abstract Dynamic underbalance (DUB) is a technique that has been used for many years by many operators to deliver cleaner perforation tunnels so as to achieve better well productivity or injectivity. Its advantage is shown in the laboratory and by many field jobs. Unlike conventional static underbalance perforating, the DUB perforating technique delivers a sharp pressure drop at the time of perforating, which is critical in breaking down the low-permeability zone around the perforation tunnel, commonly known as the crushed zone. After several years of DUB application in the industry, the technique evolved into the DUB post-perforating technique in which a gun chamber is instantaneously opened at the existing perforations to create a sharp pressure drop to clean the crushed zone. This technique has been successfully applied in both the laboratory and in the field. Other laboratory work has provided greater insight into the nature of perforating tunnel damage and how effective the standard DUB or post-perforating DUB technique can be in cleaning them. From this understanding and implementation of both DUB techniques, the repeat-DUB technique is proposed. The repeat-DUB technique delivers perforations by the standard DUB technique and subsequently treats them with the DUB post-perforating technique, all in the same job. Although the DUB techniques produce perforations with a good productivity index (PI), the repeat DUB sequence further enhances the PI. This paper discusses the concepts and why and where this technique enhances the PI, including a review of, the basics of the DUB technique in comparison with various surging techniques. The repeat-DUB technique has been applied to 35 wells in a field in Oman with good results.
COROCOF: Comparison Of Rate Of Change Of Frequency protection. A solution to the detection of loss of mains (2001)

This paper describes COROCOF (comparison of rate-of-change of frequency) protection, for which a patent has been applied for by Powergen (UK). This is a new method of protection that overcomes the lack of discrimination of the ROCOF approach. The protection may be applied to any AC power system and is compatible with other forms of protection. It also does not disturb the system to which it is connected.
Human exonuclease 1 and BLM helicase interact to resect DNA and initiate DNA repair (2008)

The error-free repair of double-stranded DNA breaks by homologous recombination requires processing of broken ends. These processed ends are substrates for assembly of DNA strand exchange proteins that mediate DNA strand invasion. Here, we establish that human BLM helicase, a member of the RecQ family, stimulates the nucleolytic activity of human exonuclease 1 (hExo1), a 5'-->3' double-stranded DNA exonuclease. The stimulation is specific because other RecQ homologs fail to stimulate hExo1. Stimulation of DNA resection by hExo1 is independent of BLM helicase activity and is, instead, mediated by an interaction between the 2 proteins. Finally, we show that DNA ends resected by hExo1 and BLM are used by human Rad51, but not its yeast or bacterial counterparts, to promote homologous DNA pairing. This in vitro system recapitulates initial steps of homologous recombination and provides biochemical evidence for a role of BLM and Exo1 in the initiation of recombinational DNA repair.
Identification of Target Antigens of Antifibroblast Antibodies in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2008)

AFAs detected in patients with PAH recognize cellular targets playing key roles in cell biology and maintenance of homeostasis.
Different Persistence of the Cellular Effects Promoted by Protein Kinase CK2 Inhibitors CX-4945 and TDB (2015)

We compare the cellular efficacy of two selective and cell permeable inhibitors of the antiapoptotic kinase CK2. One inhibitor, CX-4945, is already in clinical trials as antitumor drug, while the other, TDB, has been recently successfully employed to demonstrate the implication of CK2 in cellular (dis)regulation. We found that, upon treatment of cancer cells with these compounds, the extent of inhibition of endocellular CK2 is initially comparable but becomes significantly different after the inhibitors are removed from the cellular medium: while in CX-4945 treated cells CK2 activity is restored to control level after 24 h, in the case of TDB it is still strongly reduced after 4 days from removal. The biological effects of the two inhibitors have been analyzed by performing clonogenic, spheroid formation, and wound-healing assays: we observed a permanent inhibition of cell survival and migration in TDB-treated cells even after the inhibitor removal, while in the case of CX-4945 only its maintenance for the whole duration of the assay insured a persisting effect. We suggest that the superiority of TDB in maintaining kinase activity inhibited and perpetuating the consequent effects is an added value to be considered when planning new therapies based on CK2 targeting.
Combined estimation scheme for blind source separationwitharbitrary source pdfs (2001)

An alternative closed-form estimator for blind source separation based on fourth-order statistics is presented. In contrast to other estimators, the new estimator works well when the source kurtosis sum is zero. Arbitrary source pdfs are successfully treated through a combined estimation scheme based on a heuristic decision rule for choosing between the new estimator and an existing estimator.
Purification of a factor that restores translation of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA in extracts from poliovirus-infected HeLa cells. (1980)

It was previously shown that the poliovirus-induced inhibition of translation of capped mRNAs can be reversed by a protein found in preparations of the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-4B [Rose, J. K., Trachsel, H., Leong, K. & Baltimore, D. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 2732--2736]. This "restoring factor" has now been purified from a high-salt wash of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes by taking advantage of its tight association with factor eIF-3 at low salt concentrations. It did not copurify with the major Mr 80,000 polypeptide of eIF-4B preparations but did copurify with a Mr 24,000 polypeptide previously shown to bind to the cap structures of mRNAs [Sonenberg, N., Rupprecht, K. M., Hecht, S. M. & Shatkin, A. J. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4345--4349]. Both the electrophoretic mobility and the tryptic peptide pattern of the restoring factor were indistinguishable from those of the cap-binding protein, and the restoring factor could be crosslinked to the 5'-terminal cap on mRNA. Thus, is appears that poliovirus inhibits cellular protein synthesis by inactivation of some crucial property of the cap-binding protein.
Chain extenders for polyesters. V. Reactivities of hydroxyl-addition-type chain extender; 2,2′-bis(4h-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one) (1987)

In our previous study,1 2,2′-bis(4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one) (BNZ) was found to be most effective among the tested chain extenders in coupling hydroxyl terminals of linear polyesters through addition reaction. Detailed studies on BNZ chemistry have been made using poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate) as the polyester. It has been observed that use of BNZ, equivalent amount to the hydroxyl terminals of the initial polymer, resulted in the highest molecular weight. In contrast with the case of 2,2′-bis(2-oxazoline), which was found to be the most effective carboxyl-addition type chain extender and a wide range of its excess use was allowed,2,3 an excessive use of BNZ resulted in lower molecular weight polymer. Thus, when an equivalent amount of BNZ to the hydroxyl terminals was used, the molecular weight of the resulting polymer could be determined by the carboxyl content of the initial polymer, regardless of its initial molecular weight.
Evaluation of Sample Size and Power for Analyses of Survival with Allowance for Nonuniform Patient Entry, Losses to Follow-Up, Noncompliance, and Stratification (1986)

When designing a clinical trial to test the equality of survival distributions for two treatment groups, the usual assumptions are exponential survival, uniform patient entry, full compliance, and censoring only administratively at the end of the trial. Various authors have presented methods for estimation of sample size or power under these assumptions, some of which allow for an R-year accrual period with T total years of study, T greater than R. The method of Lachin (1981, Controlled Clinical Trials 2, 93-113) is extended to allow for cases where patients enter the trial in a nonuniform manner over time, patients may exit from the trial due to loss to follow-up (other than administrative), other patients may continue follow-up although failing to comply with the treatment regimen, and a stratified analysis may be planned according to one or more prognostic covariates.
Nutritionally Limited Biofouling in Spiral-Wound RO Elements (2011)

Operating on municipal tap water, a two-stage reverse osmosis (RO) unit producing boiler feed makeup water for a power plant in North America experienced an increasing feed-side pressure drop after about a week in operation. Cleanings did not restore the pressure drop to its original value. On restart after cleaning, the pressure drop continued increasing during operation. Water permeability and salt rejection of the RO elements were not significantly affected by the fouling problem. After about five months of operation, the feed-side pressure was about double the initial pressure and about four times higher than predicted. All six elements in the first-stage housing and the first and last elements in the second-stage housing were returned to the manufacturer for inspection. The eight elements were tested for feed-side pressure drop and water and sodium chloride permeabilities. The leading element was autopsied, and two elements were aggressively cleaned. Study results and suggestions to reduce biofouling are detailed in this article.
Frequency-Tunable Filtering Power Divider With New Topology (2017)

In this paper, we present a new frequency-tunable filtering power divider structure and its design method. For achieving the frequency filtering characteristic, the power divider uses a single resonator or multiple resonators. One of the unique features of the presented structure is that the last resonator is coupled to the two outputs, and this allows for minimizing the number of the resonators used in the power divider design. For verifying the presented structure and design method, we have designed filtering power dividers using frequency-tunable substrate-integrated resonators. It is shown that the operating frequency of the divider can be adjusted maintaining excellent impedance matching performance.
Higher diffraction orders in on-axis holographic lenses (1982)

Lenses are formed in bleached photographic emulsion, and the local diffraction efficiency into the various diffraction orders is determined using a probe beam of small diameter. An analysis of the lens is performed by assuming that both the direction and magnitude of the grating vector are constant over a small area of the hologram, leading to ordinary (in contrast to more rigorous partial) differential equations which may be solved numerically. Comparison of experimental results with numerical analysis shows reasonable agreement.
Involvement of PKC-δ in the Regulation of Notch2 in B-CLL. (2005)

Abstract We have recently shown that NOTCH2 signaling is involved in the overexpression of CD23 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells (Hubmann et al., BLOOD 2002). There is an increasing evidence that NOTCH2 plays a determining role in the development/homeostasis of self-reactive CD5+ B-cells, suggesting a potential function of NOTCH2 in B-cell leukemogenesis. Here we study the regulation of NOTCH2 signaling in B-CLL cells and its possible function in B-lymphocytes using NOTCH2 transduced BL41 cells as a model system. Cultured B-CLL samples (n=30) lose their nuclear NOTCH2 (N2IC) activity within one day as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). However, DNA-bound NOTCH2 complexes could be maintained in culture by exposure to the phorbolester TPA and is accompained by increased cell viability. The effect of TPA is prevented by the PKC-δ inhibitor Rottlerin indicating that PKC-δ is involved in the regulation of NOTCH2 signaling in B-CLL cells. The activity of N2IC in the leukemic cells appeared to be resistant to the γ-secretase inhibitors DAPT and compound E, two substances known to block ligand mediated release of the NOTCH2 intracellular domain (N2IC). Since B-CLL cells are locked in an anergic state, we next asked whether NOTCH2 modulates B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and found that retrovirally transduced N2IC rescues the B-cell line BL41 from surface immunoglobulin M (sIgM) mediated apoptosis, a mechanism proposed to prevent the uncontrolled expansion of self-reactive CD5+ B-cells. In summary, our data suggest that B-CLL cells express an activated form of NOTCH2 which might be involved in the protection of the malignant clone from peripheral negative selection.
Compton spectroscopy in the diagnostic X-ray energy range: II. Effects of scattering material and energy resolution (1989)

The overall performance of a Compton spectrometer and, in particular, its energy resolution are investigated both experimentally and theoretically for different scattering materials. Using low-Z (less than or equal to 8) scatterers of moderate sizes (scatterer diameter d less than or equal to 5 mm), there are negligible disturbances due to coherent and/or multiple scattering at 90 degrees scattering angle and photon energies above 20 keV. Two factors contribute to decreasing the energy resolution compared with that in direct measurements: (i) the velocity distribution of the electrons in the scatterer and (ii) the scattering geometry. Of these, (i) is dominant for photon energies less than or equal to 100 keV. The optimal scattering material is a metal of as low Z as possible, i.e. beryllium. However, polyethylene and lucite are normally sufficiently good scatterers. The scattering geometry may become the dominating factor decreasing energy resolution at high photon energies hv greater than or equal to 150 keV.