gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Proteins Activate Genes Responsible for the Entire Program of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Transgenic Mouse Liver (1998)

Previous studies have shown that the rate of fatty acid synthesis is elevated by more than 20-fold in livers of transgenic mice that express truncated nuclear forms of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). This was explained in part by an increase in the levels of mRNA for the two major enzymes of fatty acid synthesis, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, whose transcription is stimulated by SREBPs. Fatty acid synthesis also requires a source of acetyl-CoA and NADPH. In the current studies we show that the levels of mRNA for ATP citrate lyase, the enzyme that produces acetyl-CoA, are also elevated in the transgenic livers. In addition, we found marked elevations in the mRNAs for malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, all of which produce NADPH. Finally, we found that overexpressing two of the SREBPs (1a and 2) led to elevated mRNAs for stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), an isoform that is detectable in nontransgenic livers, and SCD2, an isoform that is not detected in nontransgenic livers. This stimulation led to an increase in total SCD activity in liver microsomes. Together, all of these changes would be expected to lead to a marked increase in the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in the transgenic livers, and this was confirmed chromatographically. We conclude that expression of nuclear SREBPs is capable of activating the entire coordinated program of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in mouse liver.
Beyond Ranking (2016)

Modern search engines aggregate results from different verticals: webpages, news, images, video, shopping, knowledge cards, local maps, etc. Unlike "ten blue links", these search results are heterogeneous in nature and not even arranged in a list on the page. This revolution directly challenges the conventional "ranked list" formulation in ad hoc search. Therefore, finding proper presentation for a gallery of heterogeneous results is critical for modern search engines.
A higher prevalence of onychomycosis in psoriatics compared with non-psoriatics: a multicentre study. (1997)

There is some controversy about the prevalence of onychomycosis in patients with psoriasis compared to non-psoriatics. We therefore measured the prevalence of toenail onychomycosis in psoriatics and non-psoriatics attending dermatologists' offices. None of the patients had a referring diagnosis of onychomycosis. The prevalence of pedal onychomycosis in psoriatics (n = 561) was 13%. The odds of patients with psoriasis having onychomycosis was 56% greater than non-psoriatics of the same age and sex (P = 0.02). In the psoriatics, when the toenails were clinically abnormal, the prevalence of onychomycosis was 27%. The odds of developing onychomycosis increased with age (P < 0.0001) and the odds of men developing onychomycosis was 2.5 times that of women (P = 0.0001). The duration of psoriasis did not significantly affect the odds of developing onychomycosis. The fungal organisms recovered from psoriasis subjects with onychomycosis were similar to those in the normal population with onychomycosis (P = 0.58).
High Pressure X-ray Diffraction Studies on Barium (1963)

Simultaneous x-ray diffraction and electrical resistance measurements on barium establish, with certainty, that Bridgman's 78-kb resistance transition is identical with his 59-kb volumetransition. During this transition, the bodycentered cubic structure changes to hexagonalclose packed. Lattice parameters for the latter structure at 62 kb (volume scale) are: a = 3.90 A, c = 6.15 A, and c/a = 1.58. Compression (AV/Vo) at 62 kb is 0.359 + 0.005 compared to 0.345 previously reported by Bridgman. Below the transition, at 49 kb, compression is 0.300 +/- 0.005 compared to Bridgman's 0.288. Bridgman's 17-kb volume transition was not detected by x-ray diffraction.
A Completely Diastereoselective Electrophilic Fluorination of a Chiral, Noncarbohydrate Sugar Ring Precursor:  Application to the Synthesis of Several Novel 2‘-Fluoronucleosides (1998)

A new and completely diastereoselective method for the introduction of fluorine into a noncarbohydrate sugar ring precursor has been developed. The use of N-fluorodibenzenesulfonimide (5) for the electrophilic fluorination of chiral lactone 4, which is derived from l-glutamic acid, yields the key intermediate 6. This is transformed into an anomeric acetate 8 and is used for the synthesis of a number of novel α-2‘-fluoronucleosides. Since glutamic acid is used as the synthetic starting material, the l enantiomer may also be synthesized simply by using d-glutamic acid. The incorporation of fluorine into the 2‘ position of the nucleoside provides several advantages including acid stability of the anomeric bond and general resistance to oxidative metabolism. Further, fluorine is a close mimic of hydroxyl groups in size and polarity and in its ability to act as a hydrogen bond acceptor. This may aid in the recognition of these nucleosides by the enzymes involved in nucleoside activation.
The Gingival Crevicular Fluid as a Source of Biomarkers to Enhance Efficiency of Orthodontic and Functional Treatment of Growing Patients (2017)

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a biological exudate and quantification of its constituents is a current method to identify specific biomarkers with reasonable sensitivity for several biological events. Studies are being performed to evaluate whether the GCF biomarkers in growing subjects reflect both the stages of individual skeletal maturation and the local tissue remodeling triggered by orthodontic force. Present evidence is still little regarding whether and which GCF biomarkers are correlated with the growth phase (mainly pubertal growth spurt), while huge investigations have been reported on several GCF biomarkers (for inflammation, tissue damage, bone deposition and resorption, and other biological processes) in relation to the orthodontic tooth movement. In spite of these investigations, the clinical applicability of the method is still limited with further data needed to reach a full diagnostic utility of specific GCF biomarkers in orthodontics. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the role of main GCF biomarkers and how they can be used to enhance functional treatment, optimize orthodontic force intensity, or prevent major tissue damage consequent to orthodontic treatment.
Human visual system features enabling watermarking (2003)

Digital watermarking consists of hiding subliminal information into digital media content, also called host data. It can be the basis of many applications, including security and media asset management. In this paper, we focus on the imperceptibility requirement for image watermarking. We present the main features of the human visual system (HVS) to be translated into watermarking technology. This paper highlights the need for dedicated inputs from the human vision community. The human visual system (HVS) is very complex and able to deal with a huge amount of information. Roughly speaking, it is composed of a receiver with a pre-processing stage, the eye and the retina, a transmission channel, the optic nerve, and a processing engine, the visual cortex. Mainly because of our lack of knowledge about brain behavior, i.e. about the way a stimulus is processed through its huge neural network, the large effort to understand and model the HVS behavior has partly remained fruitless. The aim of this paper is not to provide a thorough description of the HVS. For complete HVS models and more specific details, the reader is referred to existing literature. Here, we only try to understand, in a synthetic way and from an engineering perspective, the HVS features on which the designer of a watermarking algorithm can rely, i.e. its sensitivity and masking capabilities.
Experimental investigation of crosstalk accumulation in a ring-core fiber (2013)

We investigate the crosstalk accumulation between mode-groups of a ring-core fiber for lengths of 15 m, 200 m and 2 km and observe the discrete modes become fully coupled.
Rotational covariance and the Yang-Mills monopole (1976)

Rotational covariance in the monopole sector of the SU(2) Yang-Mills model with a triplet of Higgs scalars and the possible addition of fermions is examined. Ans\"atze about the leading-order behavior of monopole-monopole matrix elements are shown to be consistent with rotational symmetry. Spin identification of monopole states is done for all cases.
Animal Models for Disease: Knockout, Knock-In, and Conditional Mutant Mice (2006)

Diseases with a genetic basis can be modeled with knockout, knock-in, and conditional mutant gene-targeted mice. In the following, we provide detailed protocols for gene targeting. Gene targeting of embryonic stem cells can be accomplished by laboratories equipped for tissue culture. Alternatively, many gene-targeting services divide the work of targeting with a customer lab. In this collaborative situation, knowledge of the entire process helps ensure a successful outcome. The construction of chimeras for germ-line transmission is not described here, because this procedure is beyond the means of most laboratories, typically is provided by transgenic core facilities, and is best learned through hands-on demonstration.
Recent Advances in Materials for Fuel Cells (2003)

▪ Abstract After a brief survey of fuel cell types, attention is focused on material requirements for SOFC and PEMFC stacks, with an introductory section on materials technology for reformers. Materials cost and processing, together with durability issues, are emphasized as these now dominate materials selection processes for prototype stack units. In addition to optimizing the cell components, increasing attention is being given to the composition and processing of the bipolar plate component as the weight and volume of the relevant material has a major influence on the overall power density and cost of the fuel cell stack. It is concluded that the introduction of alternative materials/processes that would enable PEMFC stacks to operate at 150–200°C, and IT-SOFC stacks to operate at 500–700°C, would have a major impact on the successful commercialization of fuel cell technology.
Factors Associated with the Stability of Two-part Mini-implants for Intermaxillary Fixation (2009)

Two component orthodontic C-implants have been introduced as intermaxillary fixation (IMF) screws in cases of periodontal problems with bone loss, severely damaged teeth, or short roots. This retrospective research sought to investigate the complications and risk factors associated with the failure of two-part Cimplants for IMF cases and to show the possible indications compared to one-component mini-implants. The study sample consisted of 46 randomly selected patients who had a total of 203 implants. Pearson chi-square tests of independence were used to test for associations among categorical variables. At least 19 of the total 203 implants failed (9.3%). There was no significant difference in implant failure due to gender, oral hygiene, and placement, although a significant difference due to soft tissue characteristics and root contact was observed. The two-component design of the mini-implant is reliable for difficult IMF cases. Note, however, that the factors influencing implant failure were found to be age, root damage, and condition of soft tissues.
À propos des enceintes. Un incident homérique. Le Cheval de Troie. Don Quichotte [prosopopée épique et hippique] (1909)

Raymond P. À propos des enceintes. Un incident homérique. Le Cheval de Troie. Don Quichotte. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France, tome 6, n°5, 1909. pp. 1-4.
Diagnostic Usefulness of Telomerase Activity in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (2000)

Telomeres are specialized structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes which are composed of simple repetitive G-rich hexameric sequences. Activation of telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomeric DNA, is found in most malignant tumors. However, little data is available concerning the correlation between telomerase activity and NPC (nasopharyngeal carcinoma). In this study, telomerase activation was determined using the TRAP (telomerase repeat amplification protocol) assay in 62 nasopharyngeal biopsies (25 NPC, 25 non-malignant nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissues, 12 post-irradiated nasopharyngeal tissues). The results showed that strong telomerase activity was present in both NPC and non-malignant nasopharyngeal biopsies. Post-irradiated nasopharyngeal samples had a significantly lower telomerase activity than NPC and non-malignant nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissues. It is well known that nasopharyngeal tissue is infiltrated by numerous lymphocytes, which might retain telomerase activity. Therefore, the finding that the telomerase activation was lowest in post-irradiated nasopharyngeal tissues is reasonable because of the destruction of activated lymphocytes and NPC by radiation. NPC biopsies with positive lymph node involvement exhibited higher levels of telomerase compared to those without lymph node involvement. Our data indicate a positive association between telomerase activity and tumor potential for lymphatic spreading in limited local tumors. In addition, telomerase activity may be useful as a diagnostic marker in the detection of tumor cells in recurrent NPC, but not in primary NPC.
Parkinsonian tremor: a neuropharmacological study. (1977)

In the Parkinsonian syndrome tremor is the symptom which still eludes pharmacological therapy. The authors report the results of nine cases of Parkinsonian tremor in which agonist and antagonist drugs acting on the receptors were employed. These were dopaminergics, acetylcholinergics, serotoninergics, histaminics, and alpha- and beta-adrenergics. The data obtained demonstrate the involvement of all the neurotransmitters studied, some directly through quantitative modifications, others indirectly through their involvement in reciprocal functional equilibria. A sytem of equilibria is hypothesized in which the histamine: serotonin ratio is given greater emphasis. (Acta neurol belg., 1977, 77, 213-229).
A Complaint Text Classification Model Based on Character-Level Convolutional Network (2018)

With the increase of demand for service quality, a growing number of people are expressing their complaints on the Web for services from different businesses. The correct classification of complaint reasons can substantially improve the quality of business service. Existing methods for text classification used on various datasets are mushrooming, however analysis on complaint texts is rare in current literature. There are still great challenges to classify complaint texts. On the one hand, complaint texts contain obvious negative sentiments which are useless for complaint text classification. On the other hand, complaint texts have more semantic and grammatical errors caused by negative emotions especially in Chinese, which enhances the difficulty of modeling. In response to the challenge, we propose a novel complaint text classification model based on character-level convolutional network. First, we employ a Negative Elements Removal (NER)module to denoise complaint texts. Second, in order to reduce effects of semantic and grammatical errors, a character-based convolutional network for complaint texts is proposed. Experiments demonstrate that our model can achieve state-of-the-art results on Chinese and English complaint texts compared with traditional methods and deep learning methods.
<sup>13</sup>C NMR study of polyaryl‐ and poly‐<i>C</i>‐heteroaryl‐carbinols and their carbonium salts (1990)

Abstract The carbon‐13 chemical shifts of a series of trisubstituted methanols with phenyl, p ‐dimethylaminophenyl, 9‐fluorenyl, 2‐ N ‐methylpyrrolyl, 2‐furyl, 2‐thienyl, 2‐ N ‐methylindolyl, 2‐benzofuryl and 2‐benzothienyl substituents (26 compounds) are discussed. Those of the sp 3 carbon atoms bearing the OH group, and the ipso carbons carrying the COH group, follow additive models with high accuracy. The corresponding central carbon atom of the carbonium ions, which were stable enough to be studied in chloroform (eight compounds), also follows an additive pattern which allows the prediction of the chemical shifts of derivatives not studied in this work.
Structuring image data within a multi-media information system (1992)

Abstract This paper describes a generic structure model for large numbers of spatially-related images held within a multi-media information system. Applications vary from multi-scale map tilings underlying geographical information system user interfaces to sets of spatially-related visual data held in image form, such as ‘structured walks’ and sets of views with finder maps. The model enables an abstract structure to be soft-configured onto any indexed collection of images and related to standard databases of textual and graphical information at various levels. This is achieved by defining a number of customized ‘image structures’ and providing techniques for their manipulation. Key features of the model are defined in VDM-SL, a formal specification language being standardized by the International Organization for Standardization. The formal definitions are accompanied by explanations in English and by examples. Prototype implementations are described. A glossary of symbols, terms and expressions is given in the Appendix.
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We characterize the transition structure at the Si(100)-SiO2 interface by addressing the inverse ion-scattering problem. We achieve sensitivity to Si displacements at the interface by carrying out ion-scattering measurements in the channeling geometry for varying ion energies. To interpret our experimental results, we generate realistic atomic-scale models using a first-principles approach and carry out ion-scattering simulations based on classical interatomic potentials. Silicon displacements larger than 0.09 A are found to propagate for three layers into the Si substrate, ruling out a transition structure with regularly ordered O bridges, as recently proposed.
Fire in the Operating Room During Tracheostomy (1998)

High-oxygen concentration, the presence of fuels such as suture and tissue, and an igniting spark from the electrocautery device produce the proper conditions for a fire during tracheostomy. Taking the proper precautions can minimize if not eliminate this risk.
Reactive distillation of pyridine mixtures with an organic acid. I. Determination of the reactive distillation equilibrium (1991)

Abstract The reactive distillation equilibrium has been experimentally determined by chromatographic analysis of the vapor phase for various mixtures of two pyridines plus an organic acid in stoichiometric deficiency in an organic solvent. Protonation of pyridines by a weak acid seems to involve ion pair formation, while protonation by a strong acid seems to result in free ion formation, and may involve a small quantity of triple molecule ions (two pyridine molecules for one acid molecule). Steric effects are not significant in such ion formation and the chemical equilibrium constant can be predicted from the pyridine pK a difference using a linear relationship. Despite the possible formation of triple molecule ions, the reactive distillation equilibrium at constant acid quantity can be reasonably well described as an ideal liquid‐vapor equilibrium combined with an ideal chemical equilibrium. However, the increase of the chemical equilibrium constant with the acid quantity should be taken into account in a more refined model.
Mid-infrared vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for chemical sensing (1999)

The first (to our knowledge) III-V mid-IR vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (lambda = 2.9 microm) are demonstrated and show promising characteristics for chemical detection applications. The cw optical-pumping threshold is low (4 mW at 80 K) and efficiency is high (5.6% W/W). Pulsed operation is obtained up to 280 K and cw up to 160 K. Lateral-mode confinement will lead to spectrally pure, single-mode output for chemical identification.
Expression of human placental‐type alkaline phosphatase in primary breast cancer (1983)

A monoclonal antibody (H317) with specificity for the heat-stable placental-type alkaline phosphatase (PI-ALP) isoenzyme has been used to investigate the occurrence of PI-ALP in patients with primary breast carcinoma. All pre-operative plasma samples were negative for PI-ALP in a sensitive solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with a lower limit of detection of 0.1 U/l. In contrast, using a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase staining technique on fixed tissue sections, as well as enzyme immunoassay on fresh tissue extracts, PI-ALP could be demonstrated in the carcinomatous tissue of all seven patients investigated.
An apparatus for <i>in situ</i> x-ray scattering measurements during polymer injection molding (2009)

We report a novel instrument for synchrotron-based in situ x-ray scattering measurements during injection molding processing. It allows direct, real-time monitoring of molecular-scale structural evolution in polymer materials undergoing a complex processing operation. The instrument is based on a laboratory-scale injection molding machine, and employs customized mold tools designed to allow x-ray access during mold filling and subsequent solidification, while providing sufficient robustness to withstand high injection pressures. The use of high energy, high flux synchrotron radiation, and a fast detector allows sufficiently rapid data acquisition to resolve time-dependent orientation dynamics in this transient process. Simultaneous monitoring of temperature and pressure signals allows transient scattering data to be referenced to various stages of the injection molding cycle. Representative data on a commercial liquid crystalline polymer, Vectra® B950, are presented to demonstrate the features of this apparatus; however, it may find application in a wide range of polymeric materials such as nanocomposites, semicrystalline polymers and fiber-reinforced thermoplastics.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (2019)

Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) was described as a clinical entity in 1944 and 1945 during an epidemic in the western steppe region of Crimea, U.S.S.R. A viral etiology was suggested by reproducing a similar disease syndrome in psychiatric patients undergoing pyrogenic therapy after inoculation with a filterable agent from the blood of CHF patients. CHF virus was shown to be antigenically indistinguishable from Congo virus,originally isolated in 1956 from a febrile patient in Belgian Congo. An excellent description of the history of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) epidemics/outbreaks prior to 1980 was presented in a comprehensive review of the epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus. The CCHF outbreaks in Astrakhan Oblast were paralleled by a series of outbreaks that began during 1953 in Bulgaria. CCHF cases were more commonly recognized among dairy and farm workers, housewives, school children, and unclassified employees.
Silencing a Metabolic Oncogene (2013)

Small molecules inhibit a mutant enzyme confined to tumors, supporting therapeutic approaches that can reprogram metabolism in cancer. [Also see Reports by Wang et al. and Rohle et al. ]