gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gastric cancer: Laboratory bench to clinic (2002)

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and the 14th overall cause of death. Detection of disease usually occurs at an advanced stage and overall survival rates for gastric cancer are poor. Our current model for gastric cancer progression clearly maintains Helicobacter infection as the primary inducer of gastric metaplastic and neoplastic disease. Helicobacter pylori is a ubiquitous organism, infecting more than half the world's population. It has been suggested that this infection directly contributes to the formation of gastric cancer in up to 80% of cases; however, gastric malignancy develops in only a subset (< 1%) of infected patients. Therefore, predisposition to Helicobacter-associated gastric cancer is most likely multifactorial, including the interaction of bacterial, host and environmental components. Our understanding of how the organism interacts with the gastric mucosa and synergizes with dietary and other environmental factors to induce malignant mucosal changes is evolving. Indeed, H. pylori has direct effects on the gastric mucosa, but the major factor in disease progression appears to be a robust host Th1 immune response in the setting of a permissive environment. In combination, these factors predispose to the formation of atrophy, metaplasia and gastric cancer. Understanding the interaction of the bacterium with the host and the environment can potentially identify patients most at risk. Identifying potentially removable factors (in addition to H. pylori infection) in the acquisition and progression of neoplastic disease may provide targets for early intervention and prevention strategies.
Conductance Studies of Alkali Metal Acetates in Acetic Acid-Acetonitrile Mixtures (1989)

Abstract Conductance behaviour of lithium, sodium and potassium acetates in 20% and 80% acetic acid-acetonitrile mixtures at 35° have been measured. The association constants were evaluated by Fuoss-Hsia equation of 20% acetic acid-acetonitrile mixtures by making use of TDC-12 Computer. Shedlovsky, Fuoss-Kraus extrapolation techniques were also employed to evaluate the association constants for these salts in both the solvent mixtures. The association constants obtained by these three methods were compared. The results were discussed in terms of various theories of ion pair formation i.e., Bjerrum, Fuoss, Denison-Ramsay, and Ebeling, Kraft, Yokoyama and Yamatera. Hydrodynamic radius was also calculated to understand the solvation of ions, in 20% and 80% acetic acid-acetonitrile mixtures.
Performance of a passive UHF RFID tag in reflective environment (2008)

This paper presents the backscattering properties and power delivery between reader and tag of three UHF RFID tags with two different IC-chips were studied in a reflective metallic Faraday gage environment by measuring threshold power, backscattered signal power and RCS. The results establish that highly reflective environment caused significant variations in threshold power levels and increase in the power level of the reader's signal the may impair the backscattering properties of the tag rather than give more reliable response. This suggests that in applications where one needs to identify objects in reflective environments adaptive power adjustment in the reader unit may give better results.
Dehydrogenative Cyclization of 6-Amino-5-benzylideneaminopyrimidines to Purines with Diethyl Azodicarboxylate (1976)

The treatment of 6-amino-5-benzylideneaminopyrimidines with diethyl azodicarboxylate (DAD) gave the corresponding purines in essentially quantitative yields.
Extracting clusters from large datasets with multiple similarity measures. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Multiple Heat Pulses during PCR Extension Enabling Amplification of GC-Rich Sequences and Reducing Amplification Bias (2012)

PCR amplification over GC-rich and/or long repetitive sequences is challenging because of thermo-stable structures resulting from incomplete denaturation, reannealing, and self-annealing of target sequences. These structures block the DNA polymerase during the extension step, leading to formation of incomplete extension products and favoring amplification of nonspecific products rather than specific ones. We have introduced multiple heat pulses in the extension step of a PCR cycling protocol to temporarily destabilize such blocking structures, in order to enhance DNA polymerase extension over GC-rich sequences. With this novel type of protocol, we were able to amplify all expansions of CGG repeats in five Fragile X cell lines, as well as extremely GC-rich nonrepetitive segments of the GNAQ and GP1BB genes. The longest Fragile X expansion contained 940 CGG repeats, corresponding to about 2.8 kilo bases of 100% GC content. For the GNAQ and GP1BB genes, different length PCR products in the range of 700 bases to 2 kilobases could be amplified without addition of cosolvents. As this technique improves the balance of amplification efficiencies between GC-rich target sequences of different length, we were able to amplify all of the allelic expansions even in the presence of the unexpanded allele.
Ring‐opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate by poly(ethylene glycol) in the presence of HCl·Et<sub>2</sub>O as a monomer activator (2006)

Poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) block copolymers were prepared successfully at room temperature by the living ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate with poly(ethylene glycol) as an initiator in the presence of HCl·Et2O as a monomer activator.
Executive summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop +10: addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging (2012)

STRAW +10 provides a more comprehensive basis for assessing reproductive aging in research and clinical contexts. Application of the STRAW +10 staging system should improve comparability of studies of midlife women and facilitate clinical decision making. Nonetheless, important knowledge gaps persist, and seven research priorities are identified.
Accelerating error correction in high-throughput short-read DNA sequencing data with CUDA (2009)

Emerging DNA sequencing technologies open up exciting new opportunities for genome sequencing by generating read data with a massive throughput. However, produced reads are significantly shorter and more error-prone compared to the traditional Sanger shotgun sequencing method. This poses challenges for de-novo DNA fragment assembly algorithms in terms of both accuracy (to deal with short, error-prone reads) and scalability (to deal with very large input data sets). In this paper we present a scalable parallel algorithm for correcting sequencing errors in high-throughput short-read data. It is based on spectral alignment and uses the CUDA programming model. Our computational experiments on a GTX 280 GPU show runtime savings between 10 and 19 times (for different error-rates using simulated datasets as well as real Solexa/Illumina datasets).
A bibliography of the Ellobiopsidae, 1959–1971, with a list of<i>Thalassomyces</i>species and their hosts (1973)

Abstract This paper contains a bibliography of ellobiopsid literature, subsequent to Boschma's monographs, and a list of Thalassomyces species and their known hosts.
History of industrial and commercial ion implantation 1906–1978 (2000)

This article reviews the history of ion implantation, the genealogy of commercial implanter manufacturing companies, and identifies some of the people who have helped to make the industry what it is today. It will concentrate on the time period from 1906, when the first ion implanter was “invented,” until 1978, when ion implanters are considered to have come of age. It is clear that the ion implanter has enabled semiconductor technology to travel the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, where microns of junction depths in the mid-1960’s are now in the submicron regime at the start of the new millennium. However, new shallow doping technologies that may eventually replace some implant steps are now being developed by several companies.
Selecting anti-HIV therapies based on a variety of genomic and clinical factors (2008)

The combined prediction engine will be available from July 2008, see http://engine.euresist.org.
A generalized design method for three-dimensional guidance laws (2016)

The true proportional navigation guidance law, the augmented proportional navigation guidance law, or the adaptive sliding-mode guidance law, is designed based on the planar target-to-missile relative motion dynamics. By a proper construction of a nonlinear Lyapunov function for the line-of-sight angular rates in the three-dimensional guidance dynamics, it is shown that the three guidance laws mentioned above are able to ensure the asymptotic convergence of the angular rates as they are directly applied to the three-dimensional guidance environment. Furthermore, considering the missile autopilot dynamics as a first-order lag, we design three-dimensional nonlinear guidance laws by using the backstepping technique for three cases: (1) the target does not maneuver; (2) the information of target acceleration can be acquired; and (3) the target acceleration is not available but its bound is known a priori. In the first step of the backstepping design of the control law, there is no need to cancel the nonlinear coupling terms in the three-dimensional guidance dynamics in such way that the final expressions of the proposed guidance laws are significantly simplified. Thus, the proposed nonlinear Lyapunov function for the line-of-sight angular rates is a generalized function for designing three-dimensional guidance laws. Simulation results of a missile interception mission show that the proposed guidance laws are highly effective.
As yet uncultured bacteria phylogenetically classified as <i>Prevotella</i> , <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> incertae sedis and unclassified <i>Bacteroidales</i> , <i>Clostridiales</i> and <i>Ruminococcaceae</i> may play a predominant role in ruminal biohydrogenation (2011)

Microbial biohydrogenation of dietary poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the rumen results in the high ratio of SFA/PUFA in ruminant products, such as meat and milk. In vitro, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus-related bacteria extensively biohydrogenate PUFA to SFA, yet their contribution in the rumen has not been confirmed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus group bacteria in ruminal biohydrogenation and to assess the possible role of other bacteria. Fish oil at 0%, 1.5% and 3% dry matter intake was fed to eight Holstein × Friesian steers, in order to elicit changes in the extent of PUFA biohydrogenation. Fatty acid and B. proteoclasticus group 16S rRNA concentrations in rumen digesta were determined. Correlation between digesta 18:0 concentration and B. proteoclasticus group 16S rRNA concentration was low. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) coupled with multivariate statistics revealed that many terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) and DGGE bands were linked to cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), 18:1 trans-11 and 18:0 ruminal concentrations. MiCA T-RF predictive identification software showed that these linked T-RFs were likely to originate from as yet uncultured bacteria classified as Prevotella, Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis, and unclassified Bacteroidales, Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae. Sequencing of linked DGGE bands also revealed that as yet uncultured bacteria classified as Prevotella, Anaerovoax (member of the Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis family), and unclassified Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae may play a role in biohydrogenation.
Nivolumab in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma: clinical trial evidence and experience (2016)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered an immunogenic tumor with a prominent dysfunctional immune cell infiltrate, unable to control tumor growth. Cytokine-based immunotherapies, including interferon-α and interleukin-2, have been used for the treatment of metastatic RCC (mRCC). Long-term responses and complete remissions were observed, but durable clinical benefit efficacy in the overall population was limited and associated with significant toxicity. As a consequence, new generation agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways replaced interferon alpha (IFN-α). Strategies of tumor immune evasion include T-cell suppression by negative signals deriving from the interaction between programmed death-1 (PD-1) on the T cell and its ligand (PDL-1) on the tumor cells. Nivolumab, a programmed death 1 checkpoint inhibitor, blocks this pathway, thus reversing T-cell suppression and activating antitumor responses. The aim of this review is to summarize the safety and efficacy data of nivolumab in mRCC. Objective responses and safety profile of single-agent nivolumab are favorable in both previously treated and treatment-naïve mRCC patients. Despite toxic effects, combination therapies with nivolumab have shown promising results, indicating a potential role in the treatment of mRCC. Tailoring immunotherapy on a patient-to-patient basis represents a major challenge for the future.
Nucleation and growth of chemically vapor deposited tungsten on various substrate materials: A review (1987)

W films produced by chemical-vapor deposition (CVD), typically via reduction of WF6, are being used for numerous applications in very large scale integrated circuit technology. Blanket and selectively deposited films require nucleation and growth on a specific underlayer material—Si, metal, or metal silicide. The compatibility of CVD W with various underlayers is reviewed for the device applications of contact/via fill, diffusion barrier, metal interconnect, and source/drain coating. Nucleation of W directly on single crystal Si can sometimes produce tunnel-defect structures at the edges or along the entire interface of the deposit. Sputtered Mo and W, and to some extent TiW and TiN, have been shown to be suitable nucleation layers for CVD W, yielding a fluorine-free interface with low-electrical contact resistance. A sputtered W/Ti adhesion bilayer is demonstrated for a blanket W deposition+etchback process. CoSi2 appears an appropriate choice where CVD W and salicide technologies are combined.
x-y addressing methods for iron-garnet display components (1980)

The basic principle of iron-garnet light switching arrays for various display applications has recently been published in [1], [2]. This paper discusses in more detail two different <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x-y</tex> addressing schemes for high-resolution arrays and outlines the theoretical limits as well as optimization rules for minimum drive power.
Pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of short chain fatty acids on immune and endothelial cells (2018)

In the gastro-intestinal tract, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have protective effects on epithelial cells. However, their effects on inflammatory cytokine production by endothelial and immune cells and the recruitment of immune cells and their trans-migration across the endothelial layer remain controversial. Both cell types are associated with the initiation and development of inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis and sepsis. SCFAs modulate immune and inflammatory responses via activation of free fatty acid (FFA) receptors type 2 and 3 (FFA2 and FFA3 receptors), G protein-coupled receptor 109A (GPR109A) and inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). This review will focus on the effects of SCFAs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)-induced inflammatory response on endothelial and immune cells function, and an overview is presented on the underlying mechanisms of the effects of SCFAs on both immune and endothelial cells, including HDACs, FFA2 and FFA3 receptors and GPR109A regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.
Independent reinforcement learners in cooperative Markov games: a survey regarding coordination problems (2012)

Abstract In the framework of fully cooperative multi-agent systems, independent (non-communicative) agents that learn by reinforcement must overcome several difficulties to manage to coordinate. This paper identifies several challenges responsible for the non-coordination of independent agents: Pareto-selection, non-stationarity, stochasticity, alter-exploration and shadowed equilibria. A selection of multi-agent domains is classified according to those challenges: matrix games, Boutilier's coordination game, predators pursuit domains and a special multi-state game. Moreover, the performance of a range of algorithms for independent reinforcement learners is evaluated empirically. Those algorithms are Q-learning variants: decentralized Q-learning, distributed Q-learning, hysteretic Q-learning, recursive frequency maximum Q-value and win-or-learn fast policy hill climbing. An overview of the learning algorithms’ strengths and weaknesses against each challenge concludes the paper and can serve as a basis for choosing the appropriate algorithm for a new domain. Furthermore, the distilled challenges may assist in the design of new learning algorithms that overcome these problems and achieve higher performance in multi-agent applications.
Exploring the design space of social network-based Sybil defenses (2012)

Recently, there has been significant research interest in leveraging social networks to defend against Sybil attacks. While much of this work may appear similar at first glance, existing social network-based Sybil defense schemes can be divided into two categories: Sybil detection and Sybil tolerance. These two categories of systems both leverage global properties of the underlying social graph, but they rely on different assumptions and provide different guarantees: Sybil detection schemes are application-independent and rely only on the graph structure to identify Sybil identities, while Sybil tolerance schemes rely on application-specific information and leverage the graph structure and transaction history to bound the leverage an attacker can gain from using multiple identities. In this paper, we take a closer look at the design goals, models, assumptions, guarantees, and limitations of both categories of social network-based Sybil defense systems.
Olefinoxydation mit Palladiumchlorid‐Katalysatoren (1962)

Abstract Die Oxydation von Olefinen zu Carbonyl‐Verbindungen mit Verbindungen des Palladiums, insbesondere die Oxydation von Äthylen zu Acetaldehyd, wird heute bereits in technischem Maßstab ausgeführt. Die Umsetzung verläuft über einen Palladium‐Olefin‐Komplex, dessen Bildung durch Halogenid‐Ionen und dessen Hydrolyse zur Carbonyl‐Verbindung durch Wasserstoff‐Ionen inhibiert wird. Die durch das Studium der Reaktion von Olefinen mit reinen Palladiumsalz‐Lösungen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse lassen wesentliche Schlüsse auf die Vorgänge zu, die sich in den technischen Kupfer‐ und Palladiumchlorid enthaltenden Katalysatorlösungen abspielen.
The presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at the gene promoter and not in the gene body negatively regulates gene expression (2011)

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) was recently described as a stable modification in mammalian DNA. 5hmC is formed by the enzymatic oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5meC). Overwhelming evidence supports the notion that 5meC has a negative effect on transcription; however, only recently has the effect that 5hmC has on transcription begun to be studied. Using model substrates including the CMV(IE) promoter and a generic gene body we have directly assessed the effect that 5hmC, both at the promoter and in the gene body, has on in vitro gene transcription. We show that the presence of the 5hmC modifications strongly represses transcription. We also demonstrate that the inhibition of transcriptional activity is primarily due to the presence of 5hmC in the promoter and that 5hmC in the gene body has a minimal effect on transcription. Thus, we propose that the presence of 5hmC in promoter prevents the binding of essential transcription factors or recruits factors that repress transcription.
DANZA FLAMENCA EN EL CHOPO (2004)

DENTRO DEL CICLO SABADANZA EN EL CHOPO SE PRESENTA ROSARIO CONTRERAS, CON EL ESPECT CULO DE DANZA FLAMENCA IM GENES, DEL 7 AL 28 DEL PRESENTE MES, A LAS 13 HORAS, EN EL FORO DEL DINOSAURIO DEL MUSEO UNIVERSITARIO DEL CHOPO. ROSARIO CONTRERAS SE FORMO DENTRO DE LA DANZA ESPANOLA EN MEXICO Y EN ESPANA CON MAESTROS COMO JUAN POLVILLO, MANOLO VARGAS, ANTONIO AMAYA Y RAUL SALCEDO. EN SU PARTICIPACION EN ESTE CICLO, PREPARO UNA PUESTA EN ESCENA QUE SE DIVIDE EN DOS CUADROS: AKASHA Y TABLAO FLAMENCO. EL PRIMERO ES LA INMUTABLE E IMPERTURBABLE FUENTE DE TODAS LAS ENERGIAS QUE CREA Y ALIMENTA A LOS CUATRO ELEMENTOS. EN ESTA COREOGRAFIA SE DELIMITAN ESTRUCTURAS EFIMERAS Y PAISAJES TRANSFIGURADOS SOBRE TEMAS METAFORICOS DE LA NATURALEZA Y ACERCA DE LOS CUATRO ELEMENTOS: AIRE, TIERRA, AGUA Y FUEGO. LA SEGUNDA PARTE TRANSPORTA A LOS ESPECTADORES AL AMBIENTE DEL TABLAO. SE MENCIONA A LOS OTROS INTEGRANTES DEL ELENCO ARTISTICO QUE PARTICIPAN EN ESTE ESPECT CULO.
High-Speed Photonic Reservoir Computing Using a Time-Delay-Based Architecture: Million Words per Second Classification (2017)

Reservoir computing, originally referred to as an echo state network or a liquid state machine, is a braininspired paradigm for processing temporal information. It involves learning a "read-out" interpretation for nonlinear transients developed by high-dimensional dynamics when the latter is excited by the information signal to be processed. This novel computational paradigm is derived from recurrent neural network and machine learning techniques. It has recently been implemented in photonic hardware for a dynamical system, which opens the path to ultrafast brain-inspired computing. We report on a novel implementation involving an electro-optic phase-delay dynamics designed with off-the-shelf optoelectronic telecom devices, thus providing the targeted wide bandwidth. Computational efficiency is demonstrated experimentally with speech-recognition tasks. State-of-the-art speed performances reach one million words per second, with very low word error rate. Additionally, to record speed processing, our investigations have revealed computing-efficiency improvements through yet-unexplored temporalinformation-processing techniques, such as simultaneous multisample injection and pitched sampling at the read-out compared to information "write-in".
Scattering of sound waves at a periodic, pressure-release surface: An exact solution (1981)

It has been demonstrated that the problem of plane-wave scattering from a traveling ocean wave can be reduced to that of plane-wave scattering from a stationary, periodic, pressure-release surface. An exact method of solution to the latter problem is presented herein. The important characteristic of a periodic surface is that it produces strong, directional scattering when its period is comparable with the wavelength of the incident radiation, and the method provides an efficient scheme for numerical evaluation of the scattering amplitudes in case of a smooth profile of arbitrary shape. A review of previously reported ’’exact’’ solutions is given and it is shown that they fail for rather fundamental reasons which do not appear to be generally understood or appreciated. On the other hand, the work of Urusovskii on a closely related problem does not suffer from the same inadequacy and provides the lead to the rigorous method of solution given herein. It is shown how the method of solution can be extended (following Urusovskii) to treat the case of an arbitrary incident field and a refractive medium when the surface is at rest.