gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective disposition of <i>S</i>‐ and <i>R</i>‐licarbazepine in mice (2008)

The stereoselective disposition of S-licarbazepine (S-Lic) and R-licarbazepine (R-Lic) was investigated in plasma, brain, liver, and kidney tissues after their individual administration (350 mg/kg) to mice by oral gavage. Plasma, brain, liver, and kidney concentrations of licarbazepine enantiomers and their metabolites were determined over the time by a validated chiral HPLC-UV method. The mean concentration data, attained at each time point, were analyzed using a non-compartmental model. S-Lic and R-Lic were rapidly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract of mouse and immediately distributed to tissues supplied with high blood flow rates. Both licarbazepine enantiomers were metabolized to a small extent, each parent compound being mainly responsible for the systemic and tissue drug exposure. The stereoselectivity in the metabolism and distribution of S- and R-Lic was easily identified. An additional metabolite was detected following R-Lic administration and S-Lic showed a particular predisposition for hepatic and renal accumulation. Stereoselective processes were also identified at the blood-brain barrier, with the brain exposure to S-Lic almost twice that of R-Lic. Another finding, reported here for the first time, was the ability of the mouse to perform the chiral inversion of S- and R-Lic, albeit to a small extent.
SM22α inhibits cell proliferation and protects against anticancer drugs and γ‐radiation in HepG2 cells: Involvement of metallothioneins (2009)

Smooth muscle protein 22-alpha (SM22alpha) has been postulated to affect the structure and function of the actin filament. In this study, we report on the significant induction of SM22alpha by cytotoxic agents in HepG2 cells. SM22alpha-overexpression inhibited the activation of IGF-1Rbeta/Akt and Erk, consequently suppressing cell proliferation. On the other hand, SM22alpha-overexpressing cells became resistant to apoptotic cell death caused by cytotoxic agents, in which metallothionein (MT) isoforms, especially MT1G, were significantly induced. MT1G-overexpression also conferred cellular resistance, and SM22alpha regulated the expression of MT1G at a transcriptional level. This study provides the first demonstration of SM22alpha-induced blockage of cell proliferation and cellular resistance to overcome the detrimental effects of damaging agents.
Structural characterization of nanostructures grown by Ni metal induced lateral crystallization of amorphous-Si (2016)

The nickel metal induced lateral crystallization of amorphous silicon is studied by transmission electron microscopy in the range of temperatures from 413 to 521 °C. The structural characteristics of the whiskers grown at 413 °C are compared to the grains grown at 600 °C, where both Metal Induced Lateral Crystallization (MILC) and Solid Phase Crystallization (SPC) are involved. At 413 °C, long whiskers are formed at any crystallographic direction almost free of defects. In contrary, whiskers grown by MILC around 600 °C are crystallized along the ⟨111⟩ directions. These differences are attributed to the low crystallization rate and suppression of the SPC process. The activation energy of the pure MILC was measured in the order of 2 eV. The effect of Ni on the crystallization rate is studied by in-situ heating experiments inside the microscope. The role of contamination that can inhibit MILC is discussed. The cases of MILC process under limited Ni and unlimited Ni source were studied and compared to in-situ annealing experiments. The crystallization rate is strongly influenced by the neighbouring Ni sources; this long-range interaction is attributed to the requirement of a critical Ni concentration in amorphous silicon before the initiation of the MILC process. The long-range interaction can enhance crystallization along a certain direction. The transition from MILC to SPC and the change of the crystallization mode due to the lack of Ni are discussed. The beneficial effect of long annealing at 413 °C is also discussed.
Characterization of Novel Fluorescent Ligands with High Affinity for D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> Dopaminergic Receptors (1989)

We have synthesized and characterized a series of novel fluorescently labeled ligands with high affinity and specificity for D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. D1-selective probes were synthesized using (R,S)-5-(4'-aminophenyl)-8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl- [1H]-3-benzazepin-7-ol, the 4'-amino derivative of the high-affinity, D1-selective antagonist SCH-23390, whereas D2-selective probes were synthesized using the high-affinity, D2-selective antagonist N-(p-aminophenethyl)spiperone (NAPS). These ligands were coupled via spacer arms of various lengths to the fluorophores fluorescein and bodipy, which fluoresce in the yellow-green region, and to tetramethylrhodamine, which is a red fluorophore. The interaction of these fluorescent ligands with dopamine receptors was evaluated by examining their ability to compete for the binding of the radiolabeled antagonists [3H]SCH-23390 or [3H]methylspiperone to rat striatal D1 or D2 dopamine receptors, respectively. We report here that these novel fluorescent ligands exhibit very high affinity and specificity for either D1 or D2 dopamine receptors. The availability of various fluorescent ligands with different emission maxima and with high affinity and specificity for D1 and D2 dopamine receptors will now permit investigations involving the visualization and localization of these receptor subtypes at the single cell and intracellular levels in the CNS and on intact cells in culture.
Quality of service in WiMAX and LTE networks [Topics in Wireless Communications] (2010)

A quality of service framework is a fundamental component of a 4G broadband wireless network for satisfactory service delivery of evolving Internet applications to end users, and managing the network resources. Today's popular mobile Internet applications, such as voice, gaming, streaming, and social networking services, have diverse traffic characteristics and, consequently, different QoS requirements. A rather flexible QoS framework is highly desirable to be future-proof to deliver the incumbent as well as emerging mobile Internet applications. This article highlights QoS frameworks and features of OFDMA-based 4G technologies - IEEE 802.16e, IEEE 802.16m, and LTE - to support various applications' QoS requirements. A few advanced QoS features such as new scheduling service (i.e., aGP), quick access, delayed bandwidth request, and priority controlled access in IEEE 802.16m are explained in detail. A brief comparison of the QoS framework of the aforementioned technologies is also provided.
Coupling of LC and FT-IR: Impurity Profiling of Testosterone Undecanoate (1992)

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) was coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) with the use of a spray jet assembly to eliminate the solvent and to deposit the effluent on zinc selenide. The usefulness of the LC/FT-IR system in impurity profiling is demonstrated for the steroid drug testosterone undecanoate (TU). FT-IR transmission spectra of components of the steroid sample separated by LC are identified directly by library search or are interpreted to yield structural information. The study also shows the occasional similarity of the spectra of testosterone enanthate (TE) and testosterone decanoate (TD), two possible impurities of TU. This phenomenon, which can hinder identification, is attributed to the fact that TE and TD can both be either in a crystalline or in an amorphous state.
Towards High‐Safe Lithium Metal Anodes: Suppressing Lithium Dendrites via Tuning Surface Energy (2016)

The formation of lithium dendrites induces the notorious safety issue and poor cycling life of energy storage devices, such as lithium-sulfur and lithium-air batteries. We propose a surface energy model to describe the complex interface between the lithium anode and electrolyte. A universal strategy of hindering formation of lithium dendrites via tuning surface energy of the relevant thin film growth is suggested. The merit of the novel motif lies not only fundamentally a perfect correlation between electrochemistry and thin film fields, but also significantly promotes larger-scale application of lithium-sulfur and lithium-air batteries, as well as other metal batteries (e.g., Zn, Na, K, Cu, Ag, and Sn).
Microstructure Analysis of Welded Joints after Laser Welding (2014)

Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace and automotive industries. They are used to implement some parts of machines, also in the chemical industry, power industry, arms industry, shipbuilding, in implantology and biomedical engineering. Extent of use of this material is mainly due to high corrosion resistance, especially in aggressive environments. These are materials with a low ratio of the weight in relation to the mechanical properties. That is, while maintaining the desired mechanical properties of structures made of titanium is lighter than the standard stainless steel.Unfortunately, the properties of titanium, in particular at temperatures higher than the affinity of the nitrogen and oxygen in the air, has an effect on some types of processing. In particular, the heat treatment as cutting or welding, due to the fact that the reaction of titanium and oxygen is highly exothermic. Therefore, the parts of the titanium produced in an inert atmosphere.
White Matter Abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2008)

Abstract Abnormalities of the white matter are frequently seen on the magnetic resonance images of patients under evaluation for their headaches. These findings are seen in a number of conditions. The differential diagnosis, significance, and etiology of these lesions are discussed in this chapter.
Oblique flying wing aerodynamics (1996)

As a solution to the supersonic transport airplane design problem, the oblique flying wing (OFW) configuration offers several aerodynamic advantages. It can minimize the drag over a wide range of speeds, subsonic as well as supersonic. We analyze the drag of an obljque wing flying supersonically based on the linear theory, and provide some new aerodynamic results using theoretical nonlinear design methods. The resulting wing has a high lift-to-drag ratio.
An algorithm for compensating for 3D effects in electrical impedance tomography (2003)

Motivated by the almost cylindrical structures of the limbs and to a lesser extent that of the thorax, a 3-D correction technique is described for obtaining cross-sectional images of finite cylinders of arbitrary cross-section and with translationally uniform impedance distribution. A fast finite element method solution method has been developed for the forward problem. The inverse solution, obtained by the equipotential lines method, is used to derive static images of phantoms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling of Time Domain Analysis for Single and Double Open-Circuit Inverter Switch Faults in Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives (2018)

In recent years, most of the induction motor applications require inverter-based drives for a more efficient and precise speed control. Nonetheless, the use of power electronics came with an increased possibility of the drive failure, mainly caused by the switching device itself. To address this reliability issue, various methods have been widely discussed for inverter fault detection and localization (FDL). The development process of the FDL algorithms often involve some fairly complicated mathematical models. Hence, this work is intended to present an approach of utilizing MATLAB and Simulink software to assist in the process of simulating the induction motor drive operation under healthy and faulty inverter conditions. Twenty-one combinations of open-circuit fault are simulated, the data are then used for FDL specifically using time domain current vector trajectory analysis. The simulation results show that the model produces the expected fault signature and the FDL algorithm is capable to distinguish each different condition with the detection speed of around one fundamental phase current period even under variable load operation.
Automotive networking and applications [Series Editorial] (2016)

In this 17th issue of the Automotive Networking and Applications Series, we are pleased to present two articles that address: • Enhancing a current in-car networking technology to meet the rapidly rising needs of the onboard electronic components • A biologically inspired self-organizing traffic control scheme, based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, that expedites emergency vehicles (EVs) through urban traffic intersections
Discovering Computers 2008, Brief (2007)

Discovering Computers 2008 provides a current and thorough introduction to computers by integrating usage of the World Wide Web with the printed text. This Shelly Cashman Series text offers a complete and engaging solution to successfully teach basic computer concepts with new exercises, case studies, and online tools on the Online Companion. Updated for currency the latest trends in technology and computer concepts are addressed.
From program verification to program synthesis (2010)

This paper describes a novel technique for the synthesis of imperative programs. Automated program synthesis has the potential to make programming and the design of systems easier by allowing programs to be specified at a higher-level than executable code. In our approach, which we call proof-theoretic synthesis, the user provides an input-output functional specification, a description of the atomic operations in the programming language, and a specification of the synthesized program's looping structure, allowed stack space, and bound on usage of certain operations. Our technique synthesizes a program, if there exists one, that meets the input-output specification and uses only the given resources.
Real-time, noninvasive temperature control of wafer processing based on diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (1997)

We demonstrate real-time semiconductor processing temperature control based on direct, noninvasive, in situ measurement of wafer temperature by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The precision of the controlled temperature was maintained within ±0.5 °C with an update time of 2 s over a temperature range from 25 to 600 °C for semi-insulating GaAs wafers. Direct control of the wafer temperature using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is compared to the usual situation where the wafer heater temperature is controlled. The direct control of wafer temperature using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is shown to be a significant improvement over conventional heater control technology in accuracy, stability, repeatability and response rate, for dynamic control of wafer temperature in the range of 25–600 °C. Our technology can also be applied to Si and other semiconductor wafers following appropriate calibration.
Microstructure investigations of indium tin oxide films cosputtered with zinc oxide at room temperature (2006)

X-ray diffraction coupled with atomic force microscopy measurements were employed to investigate the cosputtered oxide films at various zinc content [Zn∕(Zn+In)at.%] atomic ratios prepared at room temperature using rf cosputtering indium tin oxide (ITO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) targets simultaneously. The crystalline structure of a pure ITO film is polycrystalline with obvious diffraction peaks of (222) and (400). As the atomic ratio reaches 26%, the cosputtered oxide film evolves from a polycrystalline ITO structure into an amorphouslike ZnkIn2Ok+3 structure. This structure also dominates the cosputtered oxide films at the atomic ratios raging from 26% to 54%. The formation of amorphouslike ZnkIn2O3+k structures is found to markedly reduce the associated film resistivity and performs a superior surface uniformity. At an atomic ratio of 60%, a diffraction peak identifies as ZnO (100) phase appears to pile on the original amorphous domain. This phase is attributed to the substitution of In3+ sites in the ITO structure unit by Zn2+ ions. The appearance of ZnO phase is responsible for the increase of film resistivity. In addition, the smooth surface roughness contributed from the amorphous structures is therefore roughened due to the appearance of the microcrystalline ZnO structures. While the atomic ratio increases to 71%, the surface roughness and resistivity are found to further increase due to the growth of ZnO (100) phase. The optical absorption edge of these cosputtered oxide films shows an apparent redshift at ultraviolet wavelengths with incremental ZnO contents incorporating into ITO films.
Mechanism of the aminolysis of acetate esters (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the aminolysis of acetate estersArnold C. Satterthwait and William P. JencksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 22, 7018–7031Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00829a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2607Altmetric-Citations268LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Fast image and video colorization using chrominance blending (2006)

Colorization, the task of coloring a grayscale image or video, involves assigning from the single dimension of intensity or luminance a quantity that varies in three dimensions, such as red, green, and blue channels. Mapping between intensity and color is, therefore, not unique, and colorization is ambiguous in nature and requires some amount of human interaction or external information. A computationally simple, yet effective, approach of colorization is presented in this paper. The method is fast and it can be conveniently used "on the fly," permitting the user to interactively get the desired results promptly after providing a reduced set of chrominance scribbles. Based on the concepts of luminance-weighted chrominance blending and fast intrinsic distance computations, high-quality colorization results for still images and video are obtained at a fraction of the complexity and computational cost of previously reported techniques. Possible extensions of the algorithm introduced here included the capability of changing the colors of an existing color image or video, as well as changing the underlying luminance, and many other special effects demonstrated here.
Alternative Splicing and Tumor Progression (2008)

Alternative splicing is a key molecular mechanism for increasing the functional diversity of the eukaryotic proteomes. A large body of experimental data implicates aberrant splicing in various human diseases, including cancer. Both mutations in cis-acting splicing elements and alterations in the expression and/or activity of splicing regulatory factors drastically affect the splicing profile of many cancer-associated genes. In addition, the splicing profile of several cancer-associated genes is altered in particular types of cancer arguing for a direct role of specific splicing isoforms in tumor progression. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying aberrant splicing in cancer may prove crucial to understand how splicing machinery is controlled and integrated with other cellular processes, in particular transcription and signaling pathways. Moreover, the characterization of splicing deregulation in cancer will lead to a better comprehension of malignant transformation. Cancer-associated alternative splicing variants may be new tools for the diagnosis and classification of cancers and could be the targets for innovative therapeutical interventions based on highly selective splicing correction approaches.
The interaction of the <i>xid</i> and <i>me</i> genes. (1987)

The murine "motheaten" (me) mutation has been bred onto the NFS background and combined with the X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) mutation to investigate the effect of the xid-induced B cell maturational block on the widespread immune dysfunction, high levels of autoantibodies, and early mortality found in the motheaten mice. The xid markedly reduced spontaneous IgM secretion by spleen cells, serum IgM, anti-ssDNA antibodies, anti-bromelain-treated-erythrocyte antibodies, and T cell binding (but not thymocytotoxic) antibodies; however, neither phenotype nor mortality was affected, suggesting that other factors are responsible for early death. Marked expansion of the Ly-1+ B cell pool was prevented by xid in the motheaten mouse leaving only a very small population of sIgM-positive B cells. This failure of non-Ly-1+ B cell development in me/me X xid mice suggests that me/me leads to inhibition of non-Ly-1+ B cells and preferential expansion of Ly-1+ B cells in motheaten mice, perhaps as a result of their high levels of maturation and activation factors.
<i>Axin2</i> marks quiescent hair follicle bulge stem cells that are maintained by autocrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling (2016)

How stem cells maintain their identity and potency as tissues change during growth is not well understood. In mammalian hair, it is unclear how hair follicle stem cells can enter an extended period of quiescence during the resting phase but retain stem cell potential and be subsequently activated for growth. Here, we use lineage tracing and gene expression mapping to show that the Wnt target gene Axin2 is constantly expressed throughout the hair cycle quiescent phase in outer bulge stem cells that produce their own Wnt signals. Ablating Wnt signaling in the bulge cells causes them to lose their stem cell potency to contribute to hair growth and undergo premature differentiation instead. Bulge cells express secreted Wnt inhibitors, including Dickkopf (Dkk) and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (Sfrp1). However, the Dickkopf 3 (Dkk3) protein becomes localized to the Wnt-inactive inner bulge that contains differentiated cells. We find that Axin2 expression remains confined to the outer bulge, whereas Dkk3 continues to be localized to the inner bulge during the hair cycle growth phase. Our data suggest that autocrine Wnt signaling in the outer bulge maintains stem cell potency throughout hair cycle quiescence and growth, whereas paracrine Wnt inhibition of inner bulge cells reinforces differentiation.
Improved receiver techniques for Radio over Multimode fiber systems (2013)

Multimode fiber links can offer a useful approach for low cost and short Radio over Fiber (RoF) systems. However, in these connections the distortion effects are higher than in a singlemode fiber system. These effects can be compensated by a suitable optical receiver. In this paper an improved receiver structure is investigated for Radio over Multimode fiber systems. N-QAM radio signal transmission is simulated and measured on multimode fiber connections. Several improved compensating reception methods are compared with simple detection. From the different improved methods and installations an optimum solution is chosen for Radio over Multimode Fiber systems.