gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secure distributed programming with value-dependent types (2011)

Distributed applications are difficult to program reliably and securely. Dependently typed functional languages promise to prevent broad classes of errors and vulnerabilities, and to enable program verification to proceed side-by-side with development. However, as recursion, effects, and rich libraries are added, using types to reason about programs, specifications, and proofs becomes challenging. We present F*, a full-fledged design and implementation of a new dependently typed language for secure distributed programming. Unlike prior languages, F* provides arbitrary recursion while maintaining a logically consistent core; it enables modular reasoning about state and other effects using affine types; and it supports proofs of refinement properties using a mixture of cryptographic evidence and logical proof terms. The key mechanism is a new kind system that tracks several sub-languages within F* and controls their interaction. F* subsumes two previous languages, F7 and Fine. We prove type soundness (with proofs mechanized in Coq) and logical consistency for F*. We have implemented a compiler that translates F* to .NET bytecode, based on a prototype for Fine. F* provides access to libraries for concurrency, networking, cryptography, and interoperability with C#, F#, and the other .NET languages. The compiler produces verifiable binaries with 60% code size overhead for proofs and types, as much as a 45x improvement over the Fine compiler, while still enabling efficient bytecode verification. To date, we have programmed and verified more than 20,000 lines of F* including (1) new schemes for multi-party sessions; (2) a zero-knowledge privacy-preserving payment protocol; (3) a provenance-aware curated database; (4) a suite of 17 web-browser extensions verified for authorization properties; and (5) a cloud-hosted multi-tier web application with a verified reference monitor.
Chemical synthesis of hard magnetic SmCo nanoparticles (2011)

We report a facile synthesis of ferromagnetic SmCo nanoparticles (NPs) via a controlled reduction of SmCo–O NPs. The SmCo–O NPs were prepared by co-precipitation of Co(II) and Sm(III) acetates with hexadecyl-trimethylammonium hydroxide and were embedded in a CaO matrix. The 7 nm SmCo3.6–O NPs were reduced by Ca at 960 °C and converted into ferromagnetic 6 nm SmCo5 NPs with their coercivities reaching 7.2 kOe. The synthesis provides a viable route to ferromagnetic SmCo NPs with controlled compositions and magnetism for high performance permanent magnetic applications.
A frequency reconfigurable antenna based on digital microfluidics (2013)

We present a novel antenna reconfiguration mechanism relying on electrowetting based digital microfluidics to implement a frequency reconfigurable antenna operating in the X-band. The antenna built on a quartz substrate (εr = 3.9, tan δ = 0.0002) is a coplanar waveguide fed annular slot antenna, which is monolithically integrated with a microfluidic chip. This chip establishes an electrowetting on dielectric platform with a mercury droplet placed in it. The base contact area of the mercury droplet can be spread out by electrostatic actuation resulting in a change of loading capacitance. This in turn changes the resonant frequency of the antenna enabling a reversible reconfigurable impedance property. This reconfigurable antenna has been designed, fabricated and measured. The frequency of operation is tuned from around 11 GHz to 13 GHz as demonstrated by simulations and measurements. The design methodology, fabrication processes and the experimental results are given and discussed.
A Tale of Two Dimensional Bin Packing (2005)

The 2-dimensional bin packing problem (2BP) is a generalization of the classical Bin Packing problem and is defined as follows: Given a collection of rectangles specified by their width and height, pack these into the minimum number of square bins of unit size. We study the case of 'orthogonal packing without rotations', where rectangles cannot be rotated and must be packed parallel to the edges of a bin. Often in practical cases of 2BP problems there are additional constraints on how complicated the packing patterns in a bin can be. A well-studied and frequently used constraint is that every rectangle in the packing must be obtainable by recursively applying a sequence of edge-to-edge cuts parallel to the edges of the bin. Such cuts are known as guillotine cuts. Our main result is that the guillotine 2BP problem admits an asymptotic polynomial time approximation scheme. This is in sharp contrast with the fact that the general 2BP problem is APX-Hard. En route to our main result, we show a structural theorem about approximating general guillotine packings by simpler packings, which could be of independent interest.
Novel heterotricyclic systems: 2,6‐dioxa‐ and 2‐oxa‐6‐thia‐10‐azatricyclo‐[5.2.1.0<sup>4,10</sup>] deeanes; 2,6‐dioxa‐11‐azatricyclo[5.3.1.0<sup>4,11</sup>] undecane; and 9,13‐dioxa‐14‐azatetracyclo[6.5.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>.0<sup>11,14</sup>]tetradeca‐2,4,6‐triene (1976)

Abstract The acid‐catalyzed condensation of 2‐amino‐1,3‐propanediols and 1,4‐diketones under water‐azeotroping conditions has led to the first synthesis of the new tent‐like, essentially strain‐free heterotricyclic system, 2,6‐dioxa‐10‐azatricyclo[5.2.1.0 4,10 ]decane. Over thirty new compounds containing this system are reported. In cases where the aminodiol is unsubstituted or bears a phenyl substituent a mixture of the tricycle and the isomeric pyrrole resulted. These observations indicate alternative pathways in the Knorr‐Paal condensation which lead to one, or the other, or both of these products. A scheme postulating common intermediates is presented. Examples of three additional, related, novel heteropolycyclic systems synthesized in analogous fashion are also reported.
Biometric Identification Based on Frequency Analysis of Cardiac Sounds (2007)

The performance of traditional biometric identification systems is, as yet, unsatisfactory in certain applications. For this reason, other physiological or behavioral characteristics have recently been considered, using new electrical or physical signals linked to a person's vital signs. This paper examines the biometric characteristics of phonocardiogram (PCG) signals from cardiac auscultation. The idea is that PCG signals have specific individual characteristics that can be taken into consideration as a physiological sign used in a biometric system. More specifically, the paper proposes a preliminary study related to the identification of individuals via frequency analysis of cardiac sounds. The results, obtained using a database containing several heart sound recordings from 20 different people, confirm the biometric properties of PCG signals, which can thus be included among the physiological signs used by an automatic identification system.
Hepatitis B Virus X Protein and Simian Virus 5 V Protein Exhibit Similar UV-DDB1 Binding Properties To Mediate Distinct Activities (2003)

ABSTRACT The UV-damaged DNA-binding activity protein (UV-DDB) consists of two subunits, DDB1 and DDB2, and functions in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. The DDB1 subunit is a target for the hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx). Binding of HBx to DDB1 interferes with cell growth and viability in culture and has been implicated in the establishment of viral infection. DDB1 also interacts with the V proteins encoded by several paramyxoviruses including simian virus 5 (SV5), which prevent interferon signaling by targeting either STAT1 or STAT2 proteins for proteolysis. The role of V binding to DDB1, however, remains unclear. Here we show that the V protein of SV5 (SV5-V) and HBx exhibit strikingly similar DDB1 binding properties. Thus, SV5-V and HBx bind to DDB1 in a mutually exclusive manner, and SV5-V shares with HBx the ability to enhance the steady-state levels of DDB1 and to inhibit its association with DDB2. Yet only HBx induces cell death, and SV5-V can prevent HBx from doing so by blocking its interaction with DDB1. Binding of SV5-V to DDB1 may serve another function, since SV5-V shows a decreased ability to induce STAT1 degradation in cells expressing reduced amounts of DDB1. These findings demonstrate that HBx performs a unique function through its association with DDB1 for which SV5-V cannot substitute and suggest that SV5-V and HBx have evolved to bind DDB1 to achieve distinct functions, both by a mechanism that does not involve DDB2.
ATL: An Adaptive Transport Layer Suite for Next-Generation Wireless Internet (2004)

The next-generation wireless Internet (NGWI) is expected to provide a wide range of services including high-speed data and real-time multimedia to mobile users. To realize this expectation, a diverse set of challenges need to be addressed, which are posed by heterogeneous wireless networking environments within NGWI and the according application requirements. Furthermore, the architectural heterogeneities must be captured dynamically, while mobile users may roam during their connection duration. Current existing transport layer protocols have been developed for a specific network paradigm in mind, e.g., for wireless local area networks (WLANs), micro/macro wireless systems, or for satellite systems. Using these existing different transport layer protocols for NGWI to support global roaming of mobile users is not a practical solution due to processing and memory constraints of wireless terminals. Thus, there is a need for a unified adaptive transport layer protocol suite which can address the architectural heterogeneities for roaming mobile users and achieve the best performance for NGWI. In this paper, a unified adaptive transport layer (ATL) suite is introduced for NGWI which incorporates a new adaptive transport protocol (TCP-ATL) for reliable data transport and a new adaptive rate control protocol (RCP-ATL) for multimedia delivery in the NGWI. According to the requested service type, i.e., reliable data or multimedia, ATL selects the appropriate protocol. Both TCP-ATL and RCP-ATL, deploy a new adaptive congestion control method that dynamically adjusts the protocol configurations according to the current wireless network paradigms depending where the mobile user currently resides. Hence, the unified adaptive ATL protocol suite achieves high-throughput performance in all of underlying heterogeneous wireless architectures, i.e., WLANs, micro, macro, or satellite environments. Moreover, the developed adaptive congestion control explicitly takes fairness into consideration. Performance evaluation via simulation experiments reveals that the ATL protocol suite addresses the challenges posed by the NGWI and significantly improves the performance for reliable data and multimedia transport in NGWI.
Involvement of cellular adhesion sequences in the attachment of adenovirus to the HeLa cell surface (1993)

Immunofluorescence analysis of HeLa cells incubated with human adenovirus serotype 2 (Ad2) inoculum suggested that Ad2 receptors co-localized with the receptors of fibronectin (FNR) and vitronectin (VNR) at the cell surface. Ad2 adsorption also resulted in the occurrence of intracytoplasmic actin cables with submembranal anchorage. The cell binding of Ad2 virions, pentons and fibres was found to be efficiently inhibited by concanavalin A, laminin, anti-FNR and anti-VNR antibodies. Arginine-glycine-aspartyl tripeptide (RGD) and other related peptides reproducing cellular attachment sequences of adhesion proteins also competed with Ad2 for cell adsorption, and drastically reduced the virus progeny yield at the end of the infectious cycle. Data from binding competition assays with Ad2 virions showed that the apparent affinity constants of RGD motif-containing peptides for Ad2 receptor ranged from 0.75 x 10(8) M-1 to 2.2 x 10(8) M-1, with a number of peptide recognizing sites varying from 1.5 x 10(4) to 9 x 10(4) per cell for the different peptides studied. Polypeptide analysis of labelled plasma membrane fractions isolated after cross-linking to unlabelled Ad2 virions showed three major protein species with apparent M(r) of 130K, 60K and 44K, respectively, reacting with anti-FNR and anti-VNR antibodies. These results suggested that Ad2 and extracellular matrix proteins recognize similar adhesion sequences at the surface of HeLa cells, or alternatively that integrins and Ad2 receptors have overlapping ligand specificity.
The GEO VIEW design A relational data base approach to geographical data handling (1987)

Abstract Digital map data are currently available based on a variety of data structures, depending on the uses to which the data are to be put Within the major categories of vector and raster data, as well as other structures, there is a multiplicity of data formats. Further to this, data for digital map coordinates are frequently stored in a different way from attribute data pertaining to points, lines and polygons. Given these problems, this paper investigates the possibility of handling different kinds of data structures, as well as both coordinate and attribute information within a unified conceptual scheme. This scheme is expressed in terms of the design of an integrated geographical information system called GEO VIEW, which can be implemented in a relational data base environment. The structure of the tables in the data base is outlined, together with the methodology for coding different kinds of data structure into a standard form. Examples of queries are provided, using the SQL query language, to indicate how the system might be used and problems in optimizing spatial searching on a data base of this kind are addressed.
Machine learning approaches to power-system security assessment (1997)

The paper discusses a framework that uses machine learning and other automatic-learning methods to assess power-system security. The framework exploits simulation models in parallel to screen diverse simulation scenarios of a system, yielding a large database. Using data mining techniques, the framework extracts synthetic information about the simulated system's main features from this database.
The cancer secretome: a reservoir of biomarkers (2008)

Biomarkers are pivotal for cancer detection, diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring. However, currently available cancer biomarkers have the disadvantage of lacking specificity and/or sensitivity. Developing effective cancer biomarkers becomes a pressing and permanent need. The cancer secretome, the totality of proteins released by cancer cells or tissues, provides useful tools for the discovery of novel biomarkers. The focus of this article is to review the recent advances in cancer secretome analysis. We aim to elaborate the approaches currently employed for cancer secretome studies, as well as its applications in the identification of biomarkers and the clarification of carcinogenesis mechanisms. Challenges encountered in this newly emerging field, including sample preparation, in vivo secretome analysis and biomarker validation, are also discussed. Further improvements on strategies and technologies will continue to drive forward cancer secretome research and enable development of a wealth of clinically valuable cancer biomarkers.
A large volume quiescent plasma in a uniform magnetic field (1973)

A reasonably uniform cylindrical plasma, 15–20 cm diam, and collisionless for many wave experiments, is generated in fields up to 500 G by applying 200 V of rf at 80 Mc to a fine wire grid stretched across a diameter. Axial containment is provided by opposing sets of μ-metal strips that gather lines of force and create multimirror fields. Drift waves are inhibited by a short range peripheral alternating shear field, produced by an azimuthal ring of bar magnets. Densities are 108−109 ions/cm3 in argon with electron temperatures up to 12 eV, with a noise level, δn / n ≈ 3 × 10−3, over the ion acoustic frequency range.
Breast-feeding resources (1991)

I was very pleased to see two featured articles about breast-feeding promotion which appeared in the January 1991 AAP News. Truly, physicians, as well as other health professionals, need to be taking a much more active role in breast-feeding promotion if we are to reverse the trend of a decreasing number of women choosing breast milk for their babies. I would note, however, that there are many other sources of breast-feeding information, several of which are much more comprehensive than those that you recommended.
Coercivity induced by random field at ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interfaces (1999)

In the presence of random fields at an interface between a ferromagnetic and an antiferromagnetic layer, the domain walls in the ferromagnetic layer are pinned by local minimum energy. To move the domain walls, an applied magnetic field must be large enough to overcome statistically fluctuating energy. We have calculated this energy and found that the coercivity can be as large as a few kOe for a thin ferromagnetic layer. It is also found that the coercive field at low temperature scales as 1/t3/2 where t is the F layer thickness, and the coercive field decreases strongly with temperature.
[Pharmaceutical evaluation of fast-disintegrant tablet containing nicorandil-loaded particles]. (2001)

The reports suggest that the modification of properties of myristyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol released from the drug-loaded particles system would lead to more acceptable bioavailability of the system. However, The formulation of particles and may have a masking effect against the bitter taste and irritation of the drug.
Urinary bladder hyperreflexia: A rat animal model (2003)

In this work, we are presenting a rat animal model for bladder hyperreflexia after suprasacral spinal cord transection. Our aim was to standardize an animal model that can be useful in studying this condition. After standardizing the animal model in a pilot study, 26 female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to spinal cord transection at the level of T10 vertebra. Four animals were subjected to cystometrogram (CMG) 24 hr after spinalization and six rats 3 weeks post-spinalization. These CMGs were compared to that of six normal controls. The detailed description of the model presented in this manuscript, is the final result after several modifications. All the animals consistently developed hyperreflexia after an initial period of spinal shock phase. Expressed volume of urine continued to decrease until it reached a plateau after peaking at 1-week post-spinalization. The attrition rate reached 27.3% after several improvements in the animal model and was mostly from self-inflicted injuries. Post-operative complications included hypothermia, decubitus ulcers, hematuria, urinary tract infection in addition to the unexplained death of two animals. In conclusion, we believe that this animal model closely resembles the clinical condition of hyperreflexia and follows similar course. The relative low cost of this animal model and the easy maintenance makes it a valuable tool to study such a condition.
Composite Coiled Tubing in Harsh Completion/Workover Environments (1998)

Abstract Recent advances in the development of large-diameter and high-strength steel coiled-tubing (CT) products have helped fuel growth in the coiled-tubing industry. Advanced spoolable composite CT may offer advantages in some applications to the industry over current steel products. Composite CT could expand the market for coiled-tubing service and well completion. The composite CT's resistance to corrosion from CO2 and H2S should make it readily applicable in injection, disposal, and producing wells in which current tubular installations demonstrate limited lifespans or where costly corrosion-protection systems are used. The composite CT may be a cost-effective alternative to 13-chrome and glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) jointed pipe. Because composite CT is resistant to chemical stimulation fluids such as HCl in sweet and sour wells, the tubing may be more reliable than conventional tubing, and may provide a cost savings in larger treatments such as those used in horizontal stimulations. P. 405
An advanced p-channel LDMOS FET with HTRB tolerability of high-voltage pulse transmitter ICs for ultrasound applications (2015)

Novel +/-100-V p-channel LDMOS FET technology were developed for a pulse transmitter IC for an ultrasound application. With a design of steep-profile in drift region for a higher RESURF effect, area efficiency of the output performance can be improved by 20 % of R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on, sp</sub> . By an optimization of gate poly-Si structure for reducing electric field and higher tolerability against electron trapping in LOCOS, stable performance against high-temperature reverse bias (HTRB) can be obtained. BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> /R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on, sp</sub> of 260 V/3079 ohm·mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of p-channel LDMOS and well matched I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> -V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> curve traces between n-channel and p-channel LDMOS FETs enabled the suitable bipolar pulse mirror symmetry with less than -40 dBc of second harmonic distortion in the IC with long-term stability.
Private Keyword-Based Push and Pull with Applications to Anonymous Communication (Extended Abstract) (2004)

Lea Kissner , Alina Oprea , Michael K. Reiter , Dawn Song , and KeYang Dept. of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University {leak,alina,yangke}@cs.cmu.edu 2 Dept, of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University {reiter,dawnsong}@cmu.edu Abstract. We propose a new keyword-based Private Information Retrieval (PIR) model that allows private modification of the database from which information is requested. In our model, the database is distributed over n servers, any one of which can act as a transparent interface for clients. We present protocols that support operations for accessing data, focusing on privately appending labelled records to the database (push) and privately retrieving the next unseen record appended under a given label (pull). The communication complexity between the client and servers is independent of the number of records in the database (or more generally, the number of previous push and pull operations) and of the number of servers. Our scheme also supports access control oblivious to the database servers by implicitly including a public key in each push, so that only the party holding the private key can retrieve the record via pull. To our knowledge, this is the first system that achieves the following properties: private database modification, private retrieval of multiple records with the same keyword, and oblivious access control. We also provide a number of extensions to our protocols and, as a demonstrative application, an unlinkable anonymous communication service using them.