gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Searching for multimedia on the World Wide Web (2003)

The proliferation of multimedia on the World Wide Web has led to the introduction of Web search engines for images, video and audio. On the Web, multimedia is typically embedded within documents that provide a wealth of indexing information. Harsh computational constraints imposed by the economics of advertising-supported searches restrict the complexity of analysis that can be performed at query time and users may be unwilling to do much more than type a keyword or two to input a query. Therefore, the primary sources of information for indexing multimedia documents are text cues extracted from HTML pages and multimedia document headers. Off-line analysis of the content of multimedia documents can be successfully employed in Web search engines when combined with these other information sources. Content analysis can be used to categorize and summarize multimedia, in addition to providing cues for finding similar documents.
Standardization of Rye-Grass Pollen <i>(Lolium perenne)</i> Extract (1988)

Six candidate extracts of Lolium perenne (rye-grass) pollen have been studied in 6 laboratories using a variety of immunochemical and physicochemical techniques. Radioallergosorbent test inhibition, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, crossed radio-immunoelectrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with immunoblot, thin-layer isoelectric focusing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition were used to evaluate each of the coded extracts. The source materials were also studied for identity and possible contamination by light microscopy. On the basis of these data, the Rye-Grass Working Party recommended to the Steering Committee of the Allergen Standardization Subcommittee of the International Union of Immunological Societies that the extract coded C be chosen as the candidate international reference preparation.
Alcohol Drinking in Never Users of Tobacco, Cigarette Smoking in Never Drinkers, and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: Pooled Analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium (2007)

Our results represent the most precise estimates available of the independent association of each of the two main risk factors of head and neck cancer, and they exemplify the strengths of large-scale consortia in cancer epidemiology.
Insect Control in Zucchini, 1986 (1987)

Abstract Zucchini was direct seeded 2 May at the University of Arkansas Vegetable Substation, Kibler, AR. Plots consisted of a single row of 10 plants set at 3-ft intervals. Rows were separated by 6.5 ft and 4-ft alleys separated plots. Sprays were applied with a hand-held CO2 sprayer equipped with 2 TX-6 nozzles operated at 30 psi. Spray volume was 15 gal/acre. Application dates were 19, 26 May and 3 Jun for the cucumber beetle trials and 6 Jun for the squash bug trial. Insecticide effectiveness on cucumber beetles was evaluated by counting the dead under each plant 24 h after each spray. Because the squash bug distribution was clumped, plants were removed 24 h after application and live and dead squash bugs were counted on both the ground and plant.
Digital Beamforming for a 3D MIMO SAR - Improvements through Frequency and Waveform Diversity (2008)

The 3D imaging and nadir looking ARTINO (Airborne Radar for Three-dimensional Imaging and Nadir Observation) principle uses a sparse MIMO antenna array distributed over the whole wings of an airplane. The adaption of the ARTINO principle to high and fast flying airplanes with large wings requires new concepts to deal with PRF limitations. In this paper, an extension of the ARTINO principle is presented based on two different strategies namely the frequency diversity and the waveform diversity. Both concepts allow the implementation of the ARTINO principle to arbitrary airborne platforms.
An NMR Study of the Bortezomib Degradation under Clinical Use Conditions (2009)

The (R)-3-methyl-1-((S)-3-phenyl-2-(pyrazine-2-carboxamido)propanamido)butyl-boronic acid, bortezomib (BTZ), which binds the 20S proteasome subunit and causes a large inhibition of its activity, is a peptidomimetic boronic drug mainly used for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Commercial BTZ, stabilized as mannitol derivative, has been investigated under the common conditions of the clinical use because it is suspected to be easily degradable in the region of its boronic moiety. Commercial BTZ samples, reconstituted according to the reported commercial instructions and stored at 4 degrees C, were analyzed by high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in comparison with identical samples bubbled with air and argon, respectively. All the samples remained unchanged for a week. After a month, the air filled samples showed the presence of two main degradation products (6% of starting material), the N-(1-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl) pyrazine-2-carboxamide (BTZ1; 5%, determined from NMR integration) and the (S)-N-(1-(3-methylbutanamido)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (BTZ2; 1%, determined from NMR integration), identified on the basis of their chemical and spectroscopic properties. The BTZ1 and BTZ2 finding suggests that, under the common condition of use and at 4 degrees C, commercial BTZ-mannitol is stable for a week, and that, in time, it undergoes slow oxidative deboronation which partially inactivates the product. Low temperature and scarce contact with air decrease the degradation process.
Effect of Melting Temperature on the Wear Characteristics of Austenitic Manganese Steel (2008)

The practice in most manganese steel melting furnace is to raise the melting and pouring temperatures to 1500 0 C and above so as to enhance fluidity of the molten metal and ease removal of slag. High temperature promotes micro and macro carbide segregation of alloy elements and formation of embritting transformation products. The presence of segregation at the grain boundaries, acts as barrier to dislocation movement. This could be responsible for uneven, inconsistent wear rate and pattern of the steel.
Very Rapid Monobath Processing (1965)

Monobaths have been formulated in which thin, hardened, high speed films, i.e., Kodak Timing Negative, can be processed in 5 sec. at 140 F, and in 10 sec. at 120 F. The processed films exhibit speeds comparable to controls developed in D-19 at 68° F and show approximately the following characteristics: fog=0·4, gamma=1·0, Dmax=1·9. The high contrast resolution values, (in lines per mm), for 5 sec. monobath processed film are about 20 per cent lower than those of a D-19, 68 F control over the Dmax range of 0·8—1·6. At these rapid processing times, the sensitometric characteristics are strongly dependent on monobath temperature. As an example. RM-6 the monobath designed for 10 sec. processing of film at 120°F, is of a different formulation than RM-92A, designed for 5 sec. processing of 140° F. The 5 sec. monobath processing to desirable sensitometric characteristics was attained with the use of a particular ingredient. l-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TCA)†. Analytical data have been obtained which support the conclusion that TCA decreases the processing time by acting as a fixation accelerator. Also, TCA acts as an antisludging agent that gives prolonged life to the mono bath.
VDCBPI: an Approximate Scalable Algorithm for Large POMDPs (2004)

Existing algorithms for discrete partially observable Markov decision processes can at best solve problems of a few thousand states due to two important sources of intractability: the curse of dimensionality and the policy space complexity. This paper describes a new algorithm (VDCBPI) that mitigates both sources of intractability by combining the Value Directed Compression (VDC) technique [13] with Bounded Policy Iteration (BPI) [14]. The scalability of VDCBPI is demonstrated on synthetic network management problems with up to 33 million states.
Dual-Band GaAs FET Power Amplifier With Two-Frequency Matching Circuits (2006)

A dual-band GaAs FET power amplifier with the two-frequency lumped-element matching circuits is designed using the low-pass Chebyshev-form impedance transformer design method. An 800/1500MHz 1Watt-class GaAs FET amplifier is fabricated and the experimental results show the saturated output powers of 30.9dBm and 28.2dBm with the power added-efficiencies of 51.6% and 51.9% at 800MHz and 1500MHz, respectively. The fabricated circuit size is 24mm by 28mm. The presented design approach enables a simple dual-band power amplifier with superior performance and small size.
A brief survey of radiation effects on polymer dielectrics (1990)

Future space power needs are extrapolated to be at least three to four orders of magnitude more than is currently available. This long-term reliable power will be required on missions such as the Space Station, Pathfinder, Space Plane, and high-powered satellites, and for national defense. Electrical insulation and dielectrics are the key electrical materials needed to support these power systems, where a single-point system failure could prove catastrophic or even fatal for the whole mission. Therefore, the impact of radiation, an environmental stress, on the properties and performance of insulation and dielectrics must be understood. The influence of radiation on polymer dielectrics, the insulating materials most commonly used for power transmission and storage, is reviewed. The effects of the type of radiation, dose, rate, and total exposure on the key electrical, mechanical, and physical properties of polymer dielectrics are described and explained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
6.5 kV ultra soft & fast recovery diode (U-SFD) with high reverse recovery capability (2002)

This paper presents a 65 kV ultra soft and fast recovery diode (U-SFD) for a high power IGBT module. The U-SFD has shallow p type Schottky junctions and deep pn junctions. A high blocking voltage of 6.8 kV even at -40/spl deg/C and a low forward voltage drop (V/sub F/) Of 4.6 V at 125/spl deg/C, which show a positive thermal coefficient, are obtained. The Schottky junctions are effective even for 6.5 kV diodes in achieving better trade-off relationships between V/sub F/ and the reverse recovery loss, V/sub F/ and the reverse recovery peak current, and V/sub F/ and the reverse recovery current change compared to a conventional pn diode. Moreover, the U-SFD with a HiRC (high reverse recovery capability) structure demonstrates good switching durability at a high dc-link voltage of 4.4 kV and at 125/spl deg/C.
Picosecond laser system continuously tunable in the 06–4-μm range (1990)

A continuously tunable picosecond laser system has been developed that operates in two modes: cw (100 MHz) and pulsed (10 Hz). In either mode the tuning range is approximately the same: from 0.6-4 microm. The pulse duration can also be selected: either short (typically 5 ps) or long (typically 50 ps) pulses are available. The average output power is in the milliwatt range for both repetition rates. In addition, both modes of operation are simultaneously available, and they are mutually synchronized. The system is based on a mode locked high power Nd:YLF laser which synchronously pumps a dye laser and seeds a Nd:YLF regenerative amplifier. Frequency mixing and parametric generation/amplification in KTiOPO(4) are used to obtain the large tunability.
Pulsed-Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ruthenium and Ruthenium Dioxide Thin Films using RuO4 Precursor for the DRAM Capacitor Electrode (2009)

Ru and RuO2 thin films were grown on Si, SiO2 and TiN substrates by pulsed chemical vapor deposition using RuO4 and 5%H2/95%N2 as the precursor and reducing gas, respectively. Ru film showed an excellent thermal stability, high growth rate of 0.18nm/pulse (0.43nm/min), low impurity concentration, conformal step coverage and very smooth surface. The TiO2 film grown on this Ru electrode showed much improved electrical performance compared to those on the other Ru electrode. RuO2 thin film can be deposited by decreasing the H2/N2 gas supply rate. RuO2 thin film has excellent conformal step coverage on a hole structure with an opening diameter of 100nm and a depth of 1000nm. With ¬RuO2 thin film as sub-electrode of MIM capacitor, the equivalent oxide thickness of TiO2 film could be decreased to 0.56nm within the specification of DRAM leakage current.
Hydrogen Method for Determining Cerebral Blood Flow in Man (1966)

IT IS GENERALLY conceded that the nitrous oxide technique developed by Kety and Schmidt<sup>1,2</sup>is the most reliable method presently available for measurement of average cerebral blood flow (CBF) in man. Nevertheless, as may be expected, the method has some limitations. From a theoretical point of view, equilibrium of nitrous oxide gas between cerebral blood and brain tissue might not be complete within ten minutes, resulting in incomplete saturation of brain tissue which might produce some error. Furthermore, nitrous oxide is not an inert gas, although it is reasonable to assume that nitrous oxide is pharmacologically inert in the concentration of 15% used. A serious practical limitation is that samples of blood in excess of 50 ml must be drawn from the subject for each determination, resulting in considerable blood loss if repeated determinations are to be made. As originally described, indirect analysis of blood samples for nitrous oxide
Evaluation of Potential Therapies for a Mouse Model of Human Age-Related Macular Degeneration Caused by Delayed all-<i>trans</i>-Retinal Clearance (2009)

Mechanism-based therapy with retinylamine markedly attenuated degenerative retinopathy in Rdh8(-/-)Abca4(-/-) mice. Further understanding of pathogenic mechanisms involved in AMD is needed to develop more effective therapeutics.
Recommending Tags for Pictures Based on Text, Visual Content and User Context (2008)

Abstract—Imagine you are member of an online social system and want to upload a picture into the community pool. In current social software systems, you can probably tag your photo, share it or send it to a photo printing service and multiple other stuff. The system creates around you a space full of pictures, other interesting content (descriptions, comments) and full of users as well. The one thing current systems do not do, is understand what your pictures are about. We present here a collection of functionalities that make a step in that direction when put together to be consumed by a tag recommendation system for pictures. We use the data richness inherent in social online environments for recommending tags by analysing different aspects of the same data (text, visual contentand user context). We also give an assessment of the quality of thus recommended tags.
High-Sensitivity Real-Time Imaging of Dual Protein-Protein Interactions in Living Subjects Using Multicolor Luciferases (2009)

Networks of protein-protein interactions play key roles in numerous important biological processes in living subjects. An effective methodology to assess protein-protein interactions in living cells of interest is protein-fragment complement assay (PCA). Particularly the assays using fluorescent proteins are powerful techniques, but they do not directly track interactions because of its irreversibility or the time for chromophore formation. By contrast, PCAs using bioluminescent proteins can overcome these drawbacks. We herein describe an imaging method for real-time analysis of protein-protein interactions using multicolor luciferases with different spectral characteristics. The sensitivity and signal-to-background ratio were improved considerably by developing a carboxy-terminal fragment engineered from a click beetle luciferase. We demonstrate its utility in spatiotemporal characterization of Smad1-Smad4 and Smad2-Smad4 interactions in early developing stages of a single living Xenopus laevis embryo. We also describe the value of this method by application of specific protein-protein interactions in cell cultures and living mice. This technique supports quantitative analyses and imaging of versatile protein-protein interactions with a selective luminescence wavelength in opaque or strongly auto-fluorescent living subjects.
Bi-Level Hierarchical Layouts for Photo Libraries: Algorithms for Design Optimization with Quantum Content (2005)

A frequently-used layout for a collection of two-dimensional, fixed aspect-ratio objects, such as photo thumbnails, is the grid, in which rows and columns are configured to match the allowed space. However, in cases where these objects have some group relationship among them, it can be advantageous to show this relationship in the layout, rather than in textual captions. We use an annotated digital photo collection as a case study of an auto-layout technique in which a two-level hierarchy is generated, consisting of a primary, central region with secondary regions (typically 2-12 regions) surrounding it. We show that given specific requirements, this technique is also optimal, in the sense that it will generate the largest size for the objects. Since all objects are the same size we refer to them as quantum content. These algorithms are designed to be real-time, enabling a compelling interactive display as users resize the canvas, or move and resize the primary region. The interactive redisplay also occurs as users add regions or objects to a secondary region. 1.
UF<sub>6</sub>Photodissociation through Measurement of Visible and Infrared Luminescence (1986)

Infrared multiple-photon dissociation of UF6 was induced at room temperature by irradiation simultaneously with optically pumped CF4 laser at 615 cm−1 and TEA CO2 laser at 1,073 cm−1. The dissociation of UF6 was verified from evidence of fluorine generation, obtained by its reduction with H2 and observing infrared emission from the resulting excited HF molecules. The rate of UF6 dissociation was determined from the decrease of infrared absorption shown by UF6. Quantitative indication of the dissociation yield of UF6 is known to be provided by the more readily measurable visible luminescence from the irradiated zone. The intensity of the visible luminescence was therefore measured, to seek the dependence of dissociation yield on such factors as the fluences of the CF4 and CO2 lasers, and the pressures of UF6 and of Ar buffer gas. A clear threshold proved to exist around 70 J/cm2 for the fluence of CO2 laser, but not for that of the CF4 laser, indicating that a very slight excitation by the latter laser serves to induce UF6 dissociation. This suggests that the dissociation energy is supplied in large part by the COZ laser. In the range of UF6 dissociation, the visible luminescence intensity was found to rise roughly proportionally with CF4 and CO2 laser fluences, as well as with the pressures of UF6 and of added Ar buffer gas.
Synthesis of 2-Alkynylcordycepins and Evaluation of Their Vasodilating Activity (1998)

Abstract Based on the recently developed lithiation-mediated stannyl migration of 6-chloropurine derivatives, 2-iodocordycepin was prepared from cordycepin. The reaction of this compound with terminal alkynes was carried out to synthesize a series of 2-alkynyl derivatives. The vasodilating effect of these compounds was evaluated.
The architecture of an optimistic CPU: the WarpEngine (2002)

The architecture for a shared memory CPU is described. The CPU allows for parallelism down to the level of single instructions and is tolerant of memory latency. All executable instructions and memory accesses are time stamped. The TimeWarp algorithm is used for managing synchronisation. This algorithm is optimistic and requires that all computations can be rolled back. The basic functions required for implementing the control and memory system used by TimeWarp are described. The memory model presented to the programmer is a single linear address space modified by a single thread of control. Thus, at the software level there is no need for explicit synchronising actions when accessing memory. The physical implementation, however, is multiple CPUs with their own caches and local memory with each CPU simultaneously executing multiple threads of control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lactoferrin levels in normal human tears. (1983)

Using commercially available reagents we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure lactoferrin in normal human tears. Tears obtained from 38 normal human subjects contained a mean lactoferrin content of 2.2 mg/ml (g/l). No differences in the mean level of lactoferrin were found when tears were collected by either Schirmer tear strips or by glass capillaries after short tear gas stimulation. Tear lactoferrin levels were not influenced by age or sex of the subjects investigated in this study. We found that lactoferrin represents approximately 25% by weight of the total tear proteins.
Molecular genetics of the brown (b)-locus region of mouse chromosome 4. II. Complementation analyses of lethal brown deletions. (1994)

Numerous new mutations at the brown (b) locus in mouse chromosome 4 have been recovered over the years in germ-cell mutagenesis experiments performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A large series of radiation- and chemical-induced b mutations known to be chromosomal deletions, and also known to be prenatally lethal when homozygous, were analyzed by pairwise complementation crosses as well as by pseudodominance tests involving flanking loci defined by externally visible phenotypes. These crosses were designed to determine the extent of each deletion on the genetic and phenotype map of the chromosomal region surrounding the b locus; the crosses also provided basic data that assigned deletions to complementation groups and defined four new loci associated with aberrancies in normal development. Specifically, the pseudodominance tests identified deletions that include the proximally mapping whirler (wi) and the distally mapping depilated (dep) genes, thereby bracketing these loci defined by visible developmental abnormalities with landmarks (deletion breakpoints) that are easily identified on the physical map. Furthermore, the complementation crosses, which were supplemented with additional crosses that allowed determination of the gross time of lethality of selected deletions, defined four new loci required for normal development. Homozygous deletion of one of these loci (b-associated fitness, baf) results in a runting syndrome evident during postnatal development; deletion of one locus [l(4)2Rn] causes death in the late gestation/neonatal period; and deletion of either of two loci [l(4)1Rn or l(4)3Rn] results in embryonic death, most likely in pre-, peri- or postimplantation stages. The placement of these new functionally defined loci on the evolving molecular map of the b region should be useful for continuing the analysis of the roles played in development by genes in this segment of chromosome 4.
High quality light guide plates that can control the illumination angle based on microprism structures (2004)

In order to make the backlight system thinner and brighter, we propose a high quality poly(methylmethacrylate) light guide plate (LGP) based on microprism structures, which can be designed to control the illumination angle, and to get enough uniformity of intensity, so the backlight system will be simplified to use only one LGP and requires no other optical sheets. Design results reveal that our LGP can achieve a uniformity of intensity better than 86%, and get an illumination angle between ±25°, without using any optical sheets.