gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the thyroid microsomal antigen, and its relationship to thyroid peroxidase, using monoclonal antibodies. (1988)

MAb directed to the thyroid microsomal antigen have been developed. All bound to 101- and 107-kD bands in Western blot analysis using thyroid microsomal fraction as antigen. The MAb also bound to microsomal proteins immunoprecipitated by serum from patients having a high titer of anti-microsomal antibody but no antibodies to thyroglobulin or thyrotropin-stimulating hormone receptor. The pattern of binding was related to the amount of reducing agent. The 101- and 107-kD bands were increased by addition of dithiothreitol whereas, in its absence, numerous bands of higher molecular weight were present, suggesting a multimeric protein structure. Despite the inability to immunoprecipitate thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzymatic activity, the MAb bound intensively in Western blot to denatured purified hog TPO and to denatured immunopurified human TPO. Trypsin digestion of the 101-107-kD antigen produced a doublet of 84-88 kD that was still immunoreactive with MAb. One of five polyclonal sera tested (with a microsomal antibody titer greater than 1/20,480 measured by the tanned red cell hemagglutination technique) also recognized the 84-88 kD trypsin fragments. Addition of V8 protease led to a disappearance of the 107-kD protein, but not the 101-kD protein, proving that this antigen is formed by two different polypeptides. The MAb bound strongly to thyroid epithelium, whereas binding to papillary carcinoma was absent or low and moderate for follicular and Hurthle cell carcinoma. This study indicates that the thyroid microsomal antigen and TPO are identical and are constituted of two different polypeptides. On SDS-PAGE the antigen appears as two contiguous bands which share common epitopes but are not identical, as proven by their size and difference in susceptibility to proteolytic digestion. The immunoreactivity of the molecule is highly dependent on a trypsin-sensitive site, which appears important in the recognition of the antigen by polyclonal sera and may have biological importance. The expression of microsomal antigenicity is variable among various thyroid carcinomas.
Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure and reactivity of the di-µ-carbene complex [Ru<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>2</sub>(µ-CHMe)(µ-CMe<sub>2</sub>)(η-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] (1981)

Treatment of [Ru2(CO)2(µ-CO)(µ-CMe2)(η-C5H5)2] with methyl-lithium and HBF4 in succession provides the carbyne–carbene-bridged cation [Ru2(CO)2(µ-CMe)-(µ-CMe2)(η-C5H5)2]+ which may be converted into di-µ-carbene complexes [Ru2(CO)2(µ-CCH2)(µ-CMe2)(η-C5H5)2] and [Ru2(CO)2(µ-CHMe2)(µ-CMe2)(η-C5H5)2]; the latter, whose structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction, releases Me2CCHMe at 200 °C as the major volatile product.
Dipeptide synthesis by an isolated adenylate‐forming domain of non‐ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) (2001)

A deletion mutant of tyrocidine synthetase 1 (DeltaDeltaTY1), comprising the adenylation domain of TY1 as an independent functional adenylate-forming unit, was used to investigate the ability of the adenylation domain in non-ribosomal peptide synthetases to catalyse peptide bond formation from the aminoacyl adenylate intermediate. The results demonstrate that only one substrate amino acid needs to be activated as an aminoacyl adenylate. In view of the potential exploitation of peptide synthetases for enzymatic synthesis of dipeptides of choice, it is important to note that this does not necessarily require a dimodular construct or an intermediate acyl transfer step.
A High‐Yielding Biocatalytic Process for the Production of 2‐<i>O</i>‐(α‐<scp>D</scp>‐glucopyranosyl)‐<i>sn</i>‐glycerol, a Natural Osmolyte and Useful Moisturizing Ingredient (2008)

Fit for industry: Stereochemically pure 2-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (αGG) was obtained in high yield from an efficient and selective biocatalytic process (see schematic outline). The sucrose phosphorylase catalyzed transfer of a glucosyl group from sucrose to glycerol unites the main advantages of transglycosidases, glycosyltransferases, and glycosynthases for glycoside synthesis and provides access to αGG as an industrial chemical.
Blocking in horizontal nozzles during injection of gas into liquid cast iron (1979)

An X-ray fluoroscopy technique has been used to study bubble formation and blocking in horizontal nozzles during the injection of nitrogen gas into liquid cast iron. Bubble frequency and mode of formation were found to be insensitive to the gas flowrate over the range investigated. Blocking is believed to be associated with the periodic collapse of bubbles at the nozzle exit, causing metal droplets to be propelled into the nozzle tube. Nozzles designed to reduce blocking were examined.
Electron beam detection of cobalt trench embedded voids enabling improved process control for Middle-Of-Line at the 7nm node and beyond (2017)

Inline detection of embedded voids within Middle-Of-Line (MOL) cobalt metal lines is a major industry gap at 7nm technology node and below, for both developing the new metallization solutions, as well as for monitoring during ramp and production. We present a new non-destructive electron beam cobalt void detection method, leveraging an improved scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging technique, which enable an accurate detection of voids embedded inside MOL metal trenches. After explaining the potential process mechanisms causing void formation, we introduce the e-beam technique, and demonstrate by simulation and experiments the correlation between the electron signal and the volume and depth of the voids. We conclude this paper by discussing how a defect inspection strategy using a massive metrology approach can lead to a faster and more efficient development of the Cobalt metallization.
Vitiligo: Symptoms, Pathogenesis and Treatment (2014)

Vitiligo is an acquired cutaneous disorder of pigmentation, with an incidence of 0.5% to 2% worldwide. There are three major hypotheses for the pathogenesis of vitiligo that are not exclusive of each other: biochemical/cytotoxic, neural and autoimmune. Recent data provide strong evidence supporting an autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo. As vitiligo can have a major effect on quality of life, treatment can be considered and should preferably begin early when then disease is active. Current treatment modalities are directed towards stopping progression of the disease and achieving repigmentation. Therapies include corticosteroids, topical immunomodulators, photo(chemo)therapy, surgery, combination therapies and depigmentation of normally pigmented skin. It seems that traditional Chinese medicine could be more effective than the current treatment for vitligo.
Lateral Si avalanche photodiode fabricated over an etched interdigital mesa (1990)

A lateral Si avalanche photodiode suitable for monolithic integrated circuits is fabricated over an etched interdigital mesa. The lateral structure ensures pure electron injection, exhibiting no wavelength dependence of the multiplication and the multiplication noise. Substantial enhancement in the quantum efficiency at short wavelengths was observed.
Plasma testosterone levels in adult and neonatal female rats bearing testosterone propionate-filled silicone elastomer capsules for varying periods of time (1983)

Testosterone propionate (TP) was administered, by means of subcutaneous implanted silicone elastomer capsules, into adult and neonatal (aged 3 days) female rats. In the adult rats a dose-dependent increase in plasma testosterone was measured for capsules of three different sizes (5, 10 and 20 mm crystal length). Testosterone levels reached a peak 4-8 h after insertion (5 mm, 24.6 +/- 1.4 (S.E.M.) nmol/l; 10 mm, 34.0 +/- 3.8; 20 mm, 44.4 +/- 3.1) and returned to control levels within 4 h after removal: the calculated half-life of testosterone was 1 h for all sizes of capsule. In neonates, a capsule of 2.5 mm crystal length was removed after 4 h subcutaneous implantation (at day 3 of age) and produced peak testosterone levels of 126.2 +/- 11.8 nmol/l: the calculated half-life was 8.6 h which compared with a half-life of 48 h after a subcutaneous injection of 312 mumol TP (in 0.05 ml arachis oil) which produced peak levels of testosterone in 4-8 h of 84.6 +/- 11.8 nmol/l. Chronic implants of TP-filled capsules (2.5 mm crystal length) at 3 days of age and left in situ for 15 weeks gave a half-life of 69 h. Removable silicone elastomer capsules were found to be a versatile vehicle for the administration of TP to rats of all ages where precise hormone treatment for a known period or prolonged administration is required. The duration and magnitude of plasma hormone levels should be established by assay in an in-vivo situation.
From architecture to layout: partitioned memory synthesis for embedded systems-on-chip (2002)

We propose an integrated front-end/back-end flow for the automatic generation of a multi-bank memory architecture for embedded systems. The flow is based on an algorithm for the automatic partitioning of on-chip SRAM. Starting from the dynamic execution profile of an embedded application running on a given processor core, we synthesize a multi-banked SRAM architecture optimally fitted to the execution profile.
Increased Expression of Transforming Growth Factor β Isoforms (β1, β2, β3) in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis (1995)

Evidence suggests that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) may play a central role in a variety of fibroproliferative disorders via the induction of extracellular matrix accumulation. The three mammalian TGF-beta isoforms are present in the normal lung, but very little is known about their expression during lung injury and repair. To more fully understand the role of TGF-beta in lung repair, we investigated the expression of the TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3 isoforms in a bleomycin-induced model of pulmonary fibrosis using immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques. We found expression of the three TGF-beta isoforms, in an identical pattern, widely distributed throughout the normal rat lung: in airways, blood vessels, lung parenchyma, and alveolar macrophages. In general, the distribution of TGF-beta mRNA and protein coincided; however, bronchial epithelial cells were a notable exception, exhibiting immunoreactivity but no mRNA expression. During the "inflammatory" phase (days 1 and 3) of bleomycin-induced injury there was an increase in the mRNA and protein expression of all three TGF-beta isoforms in the injured areas, most prominently in parenchymal cells and alveolar macrophages. There was a further increase in TGF-beta isoform expression in the areas of developing fibrosis during the later reparative phase (days 7 and 14), and the bronchial epithelium, previously not expressing TGF-beta mRNA, showed strong expression of mRNA for the three isoforms concomitant with increased immunoreactivity. These findings implicate the three mammalian TGF-beta isoforms in the dysregulated repair process that results in pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, the pattern of TGF-beta mRNA and protein expression by the bronchial epithelium suggests that a transition may occur at this site from a paracrine mode of action in the normal lung to an autocrine mode of action during the "reparative" phase of fibrosis.
A Case of Congenital Heart Disease (1954)

Journal Article A Case of Congenital Heart Disease Get access ALAN WATSON ALAN WATSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Occupational Medicine, Volume 4, Issue 1, April 1954, Page 22, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/4.1.22 Published: 01 April 1954
CYP11A1 stimulates the hydroxylase activity of CYP11B1 in mitochondria of recombinant yeast <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (2001)

In mammals, hydrocortisone synthesis from cholesterol is catalyzed by a set of five specialized enzymes, four of them belonging to the superfamily of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases. A recombinant yeast expression system was recently developed for the CYP11B1 (P45011beta) enzyme, which performs the 11beta hydroxylation of steroids such as 11-deoxycortisol into hydrocortisone, one of the three mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 proteins involved in steroidogenesis in mammals. This heterologous system was used to test the potential interaction between CYP11B1 and CYP11A1 (P450scc), the mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 enzyme responsible for the side chain cleaving of cholesterol. Recombinant CYP11B1 and CYP11A1 were targeted to Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria using the yeast cytochrome oxidase subunit 6 mitochondrial presequence fused to the mature form of the two proteins. In yeast, the presence of CYP11A1 appears to improve 11beta hydroxylase activity of CYP11B1 in vivo and in vitro. Fractionation experiments indicate the presence of the two proteins in the same membrane fractions, i.e. inner membrane and contact sites of mitochondria. Thus, yeast mitochondria provide interesting insights to study some molecular and cellular aspects of mammalian steroid synthesis. In particular, recombinant yeast should permit a better understanding of the mechanism permitting the synthesis of steroids (sex steroids, mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids) with a minimal set of enzymes at physiological level, thus avoiding disease states.
LLC series resonant converter with auxiliary circuit for hold-up time (2009)

Although LLC series resonant converter has advantages of wide operation range and high efficiency, hold up time requirement makes it difficult to optimal design at normal operating condition, results in increasing transformer size and low efficiency. In this paper, LLC series resonant converter with auxiliary circuit is proposed. Compare with conventional LLC series resonant converter, higher gain at the same frequency can be achieved because the proposed converter has a current boost up capability. Therefore, even if ac line is turned off, switching frequency range of LLC series resonant converter can be reduced. With the auxiliary circuit, LLC series resonant converter can achieve high power density and high efficiency at normal operation condition.
Index structures of user profiles for efficient Web page filtering services (2002)

Searching information from the WWW efficiently and effectively has become a very important issue. We apply the information filtering concept to finding good matches of Web pages to what the user needs. Furthermore, we propose four new methods for indexing user information needs and show their efficiency in comparison with two well-known approaches.
The depletion layer collection efficiency for <i>p</i>-<i>n</i> junction, Schottky diode, and surface insulator solar cells (1976)

The collection efficiency for carriers optically generated in the depletion region of photovoltaic solar cells is analyzed. For p-n junction devices, it is shown that virtually all these carriers are collected provided the minority carrier diffusion lengths are larger than the width of the depletion layer, and that a reasonable percentage will be collected even when the diffusion lengths are much smaller than this. For Schottky diode devices, the collection efficiency for carriers optically generated near the metal-semiconductor interface is shown to be small and to depend critically upon the exact model of the contact used. As a consequence the spectral response of Schottky diodes at short wavelengths is shown to contain considerable information regarding the physics of the metal-semiconductor contact. New surface insulator devices are shown to have a short-wavelength response superior to that of Schottky diodes.
Drug Pricing Issue Continues To Dog Pharmaceutical Industry (1993)

The U.S. pharmaceutical industry is the target of escalating attacks because of the prices it charges for its products. Most notable are the barrage of reports from and recent hearings held by Sen. David H. Pryor (D.-Ark.) that charge drug companies with making too much profit at the expense of people who can ill afford the cost. Pryor continued his attacks this month with a report that says companies' promises to keep prices down within the industry have been broken. Rep. Pete Stark (D.-Calif.), chairman of the Ways & Means Committee's Subcommittee on Health, has joined the controversy with a critique in which he advocates the establishment of a drug price review board. And President Clinton recently entered the fray with his criticism of the dmg industry for its pricing of vaccines. All these charges are rejected by the pharmaceutical industry. Because high prescription drug prices affect nearly everyone, especially the elderly ...
Improving patch-based synthesis by learning patch masks (2014)

Patch-based synthesis is a powerful framework for numerous image and video editing applications such as hole-filling, retargeting, and reshuffling. In all these applications, a patch-based objective function is optimized through a patch search-and-vote process. However, existing techniques typically use fixed-size square patches when comparing the distance between two patches in the search process. This presents a fundamental limitation for these methods, since many patches cover multiple regions that can move, occlude, or otherwise behave independently in source and target images. We address this problem by using masks to down-weight some pixels in the patch-comparison operation. The main challenge is to choose the right mask according to the content during the search-and-vote process. We show how simple user assistance can lead to excellent results in challenging hole-filling examples. In addition, we propose a fully automated solution by learning a model to predict an appropriate mask using a set of features extracted around each patch. The model is trained using a manually annotated dataset, augmented with simulated divergence from ground truth. We demonstrate that our proposed method improves over existing approaches for single-and multi-image hole-filling applications.
Reduction in Size of Perforated Postsynaptic Densities in Hippocampal Axospinous Synapses and Age-Related Spatial Learning Impairments (2004)

A central problem in the neurobiology of normal aging is why learning is preserved in some aged individuals yet impaired in others. To investigate this issue, we examined whether age-related deficits in spatial learning are associated with a reduction in postsynaptic density (PSD) area in hippocampal excitatory synapses (i.e., with a structural modification that is likely to have a deleterious effect on synaptic function). A hippocampus-dependent version of the Morris water maze task was used to separate Long-Evans male rats into young adult, aged learning-unimpaired, and equally aged learning-impaired groups. Axospinous synapses from the CA1 stratum radiatum were analyzed using systematic random sampling and serial section analyses. We report that aged learning-impaired rats exhibit a marked ( approximately 30%) and significant reduction in PSD area, whereas aged learning-unimpaired rats do not. The observed structural alteration involves a substantial proportion of perforated synapses but is not observed in nonperforated synapses. These findings support the notion that many hippocampal perforated synapses become less efficient in aged learning-impaired rats, which may contribute to cognitive decline during normal aging.
<i>De novo MECP2</i> frameshift mutation in a boy with moderate mental retardation, obesity and gynaecomastia (2002)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene, with apparent lethality in male embryos. However, recent studies indicate that mutations in the MECP2 gene can cause congenital encephalopathy, an Angelman-like phenotype and even nonspecific mental retardation in males. We report on a 10-year-old boy with moderate mental retardation, hypotonia, obesity and gynaecomastia and a de novo 2-bp deletion in the MECP2 gene that resulted in a frameshift and premature stop codon. As some of the clinical features were suggestive of the Prader-Willi syndrome, it might be worthwhile screening for MECP2 mutations in patients with an atypical Prader-Willi phenotype but without the characteristic abnormalities on chromosome 15q. This report contributes to the phenotypic knowledge of male patients with MECP2 mutations. Moreover, this is the first reported male case of a de novo MECP2 mutation.
A cross examination of electron transfer rate constants for carbon screen-printed electrodes using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (2018)

Heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants of a series of chemical systems are estimated using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and critically compared to one another. Using aqueous, quasi-reversible redox systems, and carbon screen-printed electrodes, this work has been able to quantify rate constants using both techniques and have proved that the two methods sometimes result in measured rate constants that differ by as much as one order of magnitude. The method has been converted to estimate k0 values for irreversible electrochemical systems such as ascorbic acid and norepinephrine, yielding reasonable values for the electron transfer of their respective oxidation reactions. Such electrochemically irreversible cases are compared to data obtained via digital simulations. The work is limited to finite concentration ranges of electroactive species undergoing simple electron processes (‘E’ type reactions). The manuscript provides the field with a simple and effective way estimating electron transfer rate constants for irreversible electrochemical systems without using digital software packages, something which is not possible using either Nicholson or Laviron methods.
Select and Attend: Towards Controllable Content Selection in Text Generation (2019)

Xiaoyu Shen, Jun Suzuki, Kentaro Inui, Hui Su, Dietrich Klakow, Satoshi Sekine. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Health of the Implicit Association Test at Age 3 (2001)

Since its first publication in 1998, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has been used repeatedly to measure implicit attitudes and other automatic associations. Although there have also been a few studies critical of the IAT, there now exists substantial evidence for the IAT's convergent and discriminant validity, including new evidence reported in several of the articles in this special issue. IAT attitude measures have often correlated only weakly with explicit (self-report) measures of the same associations. It therefore seems appropriate to conclude that the IAT assesses constructs that are often (but not always) distinct from the corresponding constructs measured by self-report.
Users manual for the improved NASA Lewis ice accretion code LEWICE 1.6 (1995)

This report is intended as an update/replacement to NASA CR 185129 'User's Manual for the NASALewis Ice Accretion Prediction Code (LEWICE)' and as an update to NASA CR 195387 'Update to the NASA Lewis Ice Accretion Code LEWICE'. In addition to describing the changes specifically made for this version, information from previous manuals will be duplicated so that the user will not need three manuals to use this code.
Phosphoproteomics-based peptide ligand-receptor kinase pairing. Commentary on: â€œA peptide hormone and its receptor protein kinase regulate plant cell expansionâ€ (2015)

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Plant Sci., 09 April 2015Sec. Plant Proteomics and Protein Structural Biology Volume 6 - 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00224