gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase segregation of sulfonate groups in Nafion interface lamellae, quantified via neutron reflectometry fitting techniques for multi-layered structures (2014)

Neutron reflectometry analysis methods for under-determined, multi-layered structures are developed and used to determine the composition depth profile in cases where the structure is not known a priori. These methods, including statistical methods, sophisticated fitting routines, and coupling multiple data sets, are applied to hydrated and dehydrated Nafion nano-scaled films with thicknesses comparable to those found coating electrode particles in fuel cell catalyst layers. These results confirm the lamellar structure previously observed on hydrophilic substrates, and demonstrate that for hydrated films they can accurately be described as layers rich in both water and sulfonate groups alternating with water-poor layers containing an excess of fluorocarbon groups. The thickness of these layers increases slightly and the amplitude of the water volume fraction oscillation exponentially decreases away from the hydrophilic interface. For dehydrated films, the composition oscillations die out more rapidly. The Nafion-SiO2 substrate interface contains a partial monolayer of sulfonate groups bonded to the substrate and a large excess of water compared to that expected by the water-to-sulfonate ratio, λ, observed throughout the rest of the film. Films that were made thin enough to truncate this lamellar region showed a depth profile nearly identical to thicker films, indicating that there are no confinement or surface effects altering the structure. Comparing the SLD profile measured for films dried at 60 °C to modeled composition profiles derived by removing water from the hydrated lamellae suggests incomplete re-mixing of the polymer groups upon dehydration, indicated limited polymer mobility in these Nafion thin films.
A 200 mW, 1 Msample/s, 16-b pipelined A/D converter with on-chip 32-b microcontroller (1996)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a fully monolithic 16-b, 1 Msample/s, low-power A/D converter (ADC). An on-chip 32-b custom microcontroller calibrates and corrects the pipeline linearity to within 0.75 LSB integral nonlinearity (INL) and 0.6 LSB differential nonlinearity (DNL). High speed and low power are achieved using a pipelined architecture. Errors resulting from capacitor mismatches, finite op-amp open loop gain, charge injection and comparator offset are removed through self-calibration. Coefficients determined during calibration are stored on chip, digitally correcting the pipeline ADC in real time during normal conversion, Full-scale errors are removed through self-calibration and an-chip multiplication. Linearity errors due to capacitor voltage coefficients are reduced using a curve fit algorithm and on-chip ROM. Digital cross-talk errors resulting from the microcontroller running at a rate of ten times the analog sampling rate have prevented implementations of fully monolithic converters of this performance class in the past. Mismatches in cross-talk due to different digital timing between calibration and correction lead to linearity errors at critical correction points. Experimental analysis and circuit techniques which overcome these problems are presented.
Virtual garment sewing (2006)

This paper presents an efficient and realistic approach to seam the 2D panels together into a 3D garment mesh. Our main goal is to be able to seam any kind of panels together robotically without considering the variation of style and geometry. In particular, we are discussing difficult situations with respect to deformations and variation of sewing forces. Based on the mass-spring model, two-dimensional panels are seamed together along the seams and then three-dimensional garment meshes are built. Our main contribution is that we add five pairs of sewing forces avoiding undesirable sharp folds. Our approach provides a useful design tool to create 3D garment mesh directly in the 3D space through 2D patterns. It is reasonably easy to incorporate our 3D mesh construction techniques into existing 3D graphics systems because we use standard triangular mesh structures and force-based mass-spring model for cloth animation.
A Semantics-Based Mobile Web Content Transcoding Framework (2011)

Section 6 demonstrates web content transcoding process. Section 7 illustrates the implementation of CAPS and demonstrates transcoding examples on various mobile devices. Section 8 concludes this paper.
Molecular Degradation, Injectivity, and Elastic Properties of Polymer Solutions (1988)

Summary New features of polymer rheology in porous media were observed when hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) solutions were flowed through sandstone, gravel packs, and glass-bead packs at high rates. Independent measurement of elongational viscosity, µe, with a ductless-siphon technique demonstrates that the enhanced resistance seen at high flow rates is not directly proportional to µe. Furthermore, significant permeability trends in resistance factor and mechanical degradation are observed when plotted vs. strain rate. When these results are translated to field flow rates and geometries, they indicate that HPAM solutions can be injected at reasonable injection pressures with minimal viscosity losses, provided that perforated completions are designed with either sufficient perforation density or perforation size.
Reproducing rhetoric, eugenically (2004)

Abstract This essay suggests that the Platonic question “Is Rhetoric a technê?” aims to interrogate rhetoric as a re‐productive “art,” specifically by inquiring whether rhetoric engenders anything and, if so, by what reproductive methodology. Further, this infamous question aims to identify the legitimacy of rhetorical intercourse and its resulting offspring, by subjecting rhetorical practices to genealogical scrutiny for eugenic purposes: to produce “words of the right sort"—those which establish a proper social and symbolic order.
Cancer-Stroma Targeting Therapy by Cytotoxic Immunoconjugate Bound to the Collagen 4 Network in the Tumor Tissue (2011)

Some cytotoxic immunoconjugates have been approved for malignant lymphoma, a representative of hypervascular and stroma-poor tumors. However, many human solid tumors possess abundant intercellular stromata that prevent diffusion of cancer cell-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and become a barrier preventing immunoconjugates from directly attacking cancer cells. Here we show the successful development of a new strategy that overcomes this drawback and achieves a highly localized concentration of a topoisomerase I inhibitor, SN 38, by conjugating it via an ester bond to a mAb targeted against collagen 4, a plentiful component of the tumor stroma. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was utilized as a spacer, close to each bond, to maintain stability in the blood. Immunoconjugates selectively extravasated from leaky tumor vessels and minimally from normal vessels because the immunoconjugates are too large to pass through normal vessel walls. Stroma-targeting immunoconjugates bound to the stroma to create a scaffold, from which sustained release of cytotoxic agent occurred and the agent subsequently diffused throughout the tumor tissue to damage both tumor cells and vessels. Cancer-stroma-targeting immunoconjugate therapy was thus validated as a new modality of oncological therapy, especially for refractory, stromal-rich cancers.
Exon/intron organization and complete nucleotide sequence of an HLA gene. (1982)

We have isolated and determined the sequence of a genomic clone containing the gene for a human class I transplantation antigen. The gene contains seven exons. The first five exons code respectively for a signal peptide, for the first, second, and third extracellular domains of the protein molecule, and for the transmembrane region. The cytoplasmic segment is encoded by part of the fifth and the sixth and the seventh exons. The structure of the protein encoded by this unit is closely homologous with known class I transplantation antigens.
Development of a Ruthenium(II) Complex Based Luminescent Probe for Imaging Nitric Oxide Production in Living Cells (2010)

A unique ruthenium(II) complex, bis(2,2'-bipyridine)(4-(3,4-diaminophenoxy)-2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate ([(Ru(bpy)(2)(dabpy)][PF(6)](2)), has been designed and synthesized as a highly sensitive and selective luminescence probe for the imaging of nitric oxide (NO) production in living cells. The complex can specifically react with NO in aqueous buffers under aerobic conditions to yield its triazole derivative with a high reaction rate constant at the 10(10) M(-1) s(-1) level; this reaction is accompanied by a remarkable increase of the luminescence quantum yield from 0.13 to 2.2 %. Compared with organic probes, the new Ru(II) complex probe shows the advantages of a large Stokes shift (>150 nm), water solubility, and a wide pH-availability range (pH independent at pH>5). In addition, it was found that the new probe could be easily transferred into both living animal cells and plant cells by the coincubation method, whereas the triazole derivative was cell-membrane impermeable. The probe was successfully used for luminescence-imaging detection of the exogenous NO in mouse macrophage cells and endogenous NO in gardenia cells. The results demonstrated the efficacy and advantages of the new probe for NO detection in living cells.
Continuous‐Flow Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Pure Formic Acid using an Integrated scCO <sub>2</sub> Process with Immobilized Catalyst and Base (2012)

Dual role for CO(2): Pure formic acid can be obtained continuously by hydrogenation of CO(2) in a single processing unit. An immobilized ruthenium organometallic catalyst and a nonvolatile base in an ionic liquid (IL) are combined with supercritical CO(2) as both reactant and extractive phase.
Alternatives to traditional water washing used to remove impurities in superheated geothermal steam (1996)

The method of water washing impurities from superheated geothermal steam as adopted from traditional steam boiler operations in electric power generation stations has been used for a decade and a half under several pseudonyms, e.g., de-superheating, enthalpy modification, de-scaling, etc. Water washing can be effective, but it is costly. It is not necessarily expensive to implement or operate, but the cost of unrecoverable energy lost due to steam enthalpy reduction can be quite high. Are there other ways to remove these undesirables from superheated geothermal steam? That question is the focus of this paper. Several alternatives to water washing will be proposed including dry scrubbing, oil washing, and hybrid cleaning. A discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each method will be presented along with the various geothermal steam impurities and their effects on the process and equipment.
Plasmid transfer to indigenous marine bacterial populations by natural transformation (1994)

Horizontal gene transfer among microbial populations has been assumed to occur in the environment, yet direct observations of this phenomenon are rare or limited to observations where the mechanism(s) could not be explicitly determined. Here we demonstrate the transfer of exogenous plasmid DNA to members of indigenous marine bacterial populations by natural transformation, the first report of this process for any natural microbial community. Ten percent of marine bacterial isolates examined were transformed by plasmid DNA while 14% were transformed by chromosomal DNA. Transformation of mixed marine microbial assemblages was observed in 5 of 14 experiments. In every case, acquisition of the plasmid by members of the indigenous flora was accompanied by modification (probably from genetic rearrangement or methylation) that altered its restriction enzyme digestion pattern. Estimation of transformation rates in estuarine environments based upon the distribution of competency and transformation frequencies in isolates and mixed populations ranged from 5 × 10−4 to 1.5 transformants/1 day. Extrapolation of these rates to ecosystem scales suggests that natural transformation may be an important mechanism for plasmid transfer among marine bacterial communities.
The compression of optical pulses using self-phase-modulation and linearly chirped Bragg-gratings in fibers (1995)

We report the first demonstration of pulse compression in optical fiber using linearly chirped Bragg gratings as quadratic compressors for pulses spectrally broadened by self-phase modulation. With the system investigated an initial 2 ps, bandwidth limited pulse is compressed by a factor of >10. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with analytical and numerical calculations. Such a system allows high quality compression of pulses in optical fiber for the first time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterisation of a UAV Electric Architecture and Power Demand Profile for the Purposes of Improving Overall System Efficiency and Performance (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a summary of several projects investigating the power generation and demand profiles of UAV power systems for the purposes of increasing overall system effectiveness.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">With an increasing presence of advanced energy generation and storage devices in UAV power architectures such as fuel cells, photovoltaics, super capacitors, etc., and an increasing potential to dynamically control a UAV system's load profiles, mission effectiveness can be substantially improved via intelligent power management techniques as well as through traditional efficiency improvements. Load scheduling, power smoothing and dynamic mission planning can all introduce energy saving and optimization opportunities, particularly when the characteristics of system loads can be matched with the energy storage and generation of the system.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Traditionally, the biggest drain on an electric UAV system is the main propulsion system, however initial investigations into a typical mini UAV platform (≺20 kg) have indicated that a complex communication architecture and payload can present an energy drain of a comparable magnitude. In order to characterize the full impact of the constantly fluctuating system loads, a full simulation environment has been built that will simultaneously calculate the power demands of a UAV's propulsion, avionics, payload and communication systems as individual components in a UAV power profile model. The simulation environment also simulates the energy sources of the system, using typical steady state and dynamic characterizations. The effect of intelligent power management techniques can then be fully quantified via mission simulations.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">By understanding the changing demands in the system it is possible to introduce significant savings by predicting peak power demand periods, this will allow the potential to introduce some control to minimize the peak demands and optimizing the power architecture to be able to efficiently handle the peaks in the most efficient way possible.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The simulation environment is supported by an integrated hardware test platform enabling validation of mission simulations before flight test.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper will present and discuss the concept of the simulation environment and hardware test platform in the context of intelligent power management. A case study, focusing on an improved communications power architecture, is presented. It is intended that the work discussed in this paper will be used as a foundation in the analysis of intelligent power management systems in future work.</div></div>
Strategies for retinal cell generation from human pluripotent stem cells (2017)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are specialized self-renewing cells that are generated by exogenously expressing pluripotency-associated transcription factors in somatic cells such as fibroblasts, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). iPSCs are functionally similar to naturally pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in their capacity to propagate indefinitely and potential to differentiate into all human cell types, and are devoid of the associated ethical complications of origin. iPSCs are useful for studying embryonic development, disease modeling, and drug screening. Additionally, iPSCs provide a personalized approach for pathological studies, particularly for diseases that lack appropriate animal models. Retinal cell differentiations using iPSCs have been successful in this regard. Several protocols to generate various retinal cells have been developed to maximize a specific cell type or, most recently, to mimic in vivo retinal structure and cellular environment. As differentiation protocols continue to improve we are likely to see an increase in our basic understanding of various retinal degenerative diseases and the utilization of iPSCs in clinical trials.
A model for the controlled assembly of semiconductor peptides (2012)

The self-assembly of small molecules provides a potentially powerful method to create functional nanomaterials for many applications ranging from optoelectronics to oncology. However, the design of well-defined nanostructures via molecular assembly is a highly empirical process, which severely hampers efforts to create functional nanostructures using this method. In this review, we describe a simple strategy to control the assembly of functionalized peptides by balancing attractive hydrophobic effects that drive assembly with opposing electrostatic repulsions. Extended π-π contacts are created in the nanostructures when assembly is driven by π-stacking interactions among chromophores that are appended to the peptide. The formation of insoluble β-sheet aggregates are mitigated by incorporating charged side-chains capable of attenuating the assembly process. Although the application of this approach to the assembly of organic semiconductors is described, we expect this strategy to be effective for many other functional organic materials.
Ring-opening polymerization of 1,4-anhydro-2,3,6-tri-0-benzyl-.alpha.-D-glucopyranose and 1,4-anhydro-2,3,6-tri-0-benzyl-.beta.-D-galactopyranose (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing-opening polymerization of 1,4-anhydro-2,3,6-tri-0-benzyl-.alpha.-D-glucopyranose and 1,4-anhydro-2,3,6-tri-0-benzyl-.beta.-D-galactopyranoseToshiyuku Uryu, Chiharu Yamaguchi, Kouhei Morikawa, Keikoh Terui, Taichi Kanai, and Kei MatsuzakiCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 4, 599–605Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00146a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00146a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views202Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential down-regulation of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A locus is an early event in human liver and biliary cancer. (1997)

One of the most important processes controlling cellular detoxification is carried out in the endoplasmic reticulum by glucuronidation, and most likely plays an important role in the defense mechanism against chemical-induced carcinogenesis. The human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A locus encodes up to 12 unique transferases that are transcribed through selective exon sharing. Little is known about how this locus is regulated in human tissues. We present evidence that the UGT1A gene products are differentially expressed in normal liver tissue, which is composed of hepatocellular and biliary tissue, as well as in malignant and premalignant tumor tissue. In liver, UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, and UGT1A9 are expressed, and are all significantly down-regulated in malignant hepatocellular carcinoma and its premalignant precursor, hepatic adenoma, but not in benign focal nodular hyperplasia. UGT1A6, which is expressed abundantly in liver, is not significantly regulated in liver tumors. UGT1A10, a newly discovered UGT1A gene product, is expressed only in biliary and not hepatocellular tissue and is also significantly down-regulated in cholangiocellular carcinoma. Differential regulation between normal biliary tissue and tumor is also observed with UGT1A4. These findings implicate the regulation of the UGT1A locus as a putative early event in hepatocarcinogenesis that discriminates between benign and malignant hepatotumorigenesis and indicates that a complex mode of cellular control underlies the regulation of this locus.
Developing strategies for AIDS prevention research with black and Hispanic drug users. (1989)

More than 8 of 10 intravenous drug users infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are black or Hispanic. Recognizing that sociocultural factors affect HIV transmission, public health officials have called for interventions designed for ethnic-racial minority groups. Considered in this paper are the nature and extent of AIDS among ethnic-racial minorities and the cultural aspects of drug use and sexual behavior related to HIV transmission. That drug users and their associates are practicing safer needle use is evident; that they are changing their sexual behavior is less so. Calling for rapid advances in knowledge and expanded efforts in intervention, Federal agencies have instituted numerous programs to support innovative research and demonstration projects in ethnic-racial minority communities. Needed are studies that (a) describe the phenomena of drug use and sexual behavior among ethnic-racial minority populations, (b) establish the efficacy of culturally specific AIDS prevention strategies in drug treatment and community settings, and (c) demonstrate new ways of recruiting, treating, and reducing relapse among drug users.