gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acetolysis of some cyclohexylnorbonyl tosylates and the case for dipolar effects in cis-exo-norbornanes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcetolysis of some cyclohexylnorbonyl tosylates and the case for dipolar effects in cis-exo-norbornanesDonald C. Kleinfelter and James M. Miller Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 24, 4142–4147Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00963a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00963a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Setting the scene (2017)

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book explores the comprehensive concerns and dilemmas occurring from, and in, mental health-substance use practice, management, service development and professionally. It examines the ethical issues, from an international perspective, facing the professional on a daily basis, and the development of ethical care and practice. The book reviews practical ethical frameworks that can be used to guide practice and ensure that the best interests of the individual are always the focus of care. It presents an overview of ethical practice, from an individual professional perspective, and how these concerns and dilemmas may be encountered, what considerations need to be given to that ethical practice and overcome our anxieties of what ethics means to us on a daily basis.
Stabilization of Oil-in-Water Emulsions by Cod Protein Extracts (2004)

The ability of two protein fractions extracted from cod to form and stabilize oil-in-water emulsions was examined: a high salt extracted fraction (HSE protein) and a pH 3 acid extracted fraction (AE protein). Both fractions consisted of a complex mixture of different proteins, with the predominant one being myosin (200 kDa). The two protein fractions were used to prepare 5 wt % corn oil-in-water emulsions at ambient temperature (pH 3.0, 10 mM citrate-imidazole buffer). Emulsions with relatively small mean droplet diameters (d(3,2) < 1 microm) and good creaming stability (> 9 days) could be produced at protein concentrations > or =0.2 wt % for both fractions. The isoelectric point of droplets stabilized by both protein fractions was pH approximately 5. The emulsions were stable to droplet flocculation and creaming at relatively low pH (< or =4) and NaCl concentrations (< or =150 mM) when stored at room temperature. In the absence of salt, the emulsions were also stable to thermal treatment (30-90 degrees C for 30 min), but in the presence of 100 mM NaCl droplet flocculation and creaming were observed in some of the emulsions, particularly those stabilized by the AE fraction. The results suggest that protein fractions extracted from cod can be used as emulsifiers to form and stabilize food emulsions.
Using deep learning for short text understanding (2017)

Classifying short texts to one category or clustering semantically related texts is challenging, and the importance of both is growing due to the rise of microblogging platforms, digital news feeds, and the like. We can accomplish this classifying and clustering with the help of a deep neural network which produces compact binary representations of a short text, and can assign the same category to texts that have similar binary representations. But problems arise when there is little contextual information on the short texts, which makes it difficult for the deep neural network to produce similar binary codes for semantically related texts. We propose to address this issue using semantic enrichment. This is accomplished by taking the nouns, and verbs used in the short texts and generating the concepts and co-occurring words with the help of those terms. The nouns are used to generate concepts within the given short text, whereas the verbs are used to prune the ambiguous context (if any) present in the text. The enriched text then goes through a deep neural network to produce a prediction label for that short text representing it’s category.
Analysis of the Role of Interfacial Tryptophan Residues in Controlling the Topology of Membrane Proteins (2000)

Tryptophans have a high affinity for the membrane-water interface and have been suggested to play a role in determining the topology of membrane proteins. We investigated this potential role experimentally, using mutants of the single-spanning Pf3 coat protein, whose transmembrane topologies are sensitive to small changes in amino acid sequence. Mutants were constructed with varying numbers of tryptophans flanking the transmembrane region and translocation was assessed by an in vitro translation/translocation system. Translocation into Escherichia coli inner membrane vesicles could take place under a variety of experimental conditions, with co- or posttranslational assays and proton motive force-dependent or -independent mutants. It was found that translocation can even occur in pure lipid vesicles, under which conditions the tryptophans must directly interact with the lipids. However, under all these conditions tryptophans neither inhibited nor stimulated translocation, demonstrating that they do not affect topology and suggesting that this may be universal for tryptophans in membrane proteins. In contrast, we could demonstrate that lysines clearly prefer to stay on the cis-side of the membrane, in agreement with the positive-inside rule. A statistical analysis focusing on interfacially localized residues showed that in single-spanning membrane proteins lysines are indeed located on the inside, while tryptophans are preferentially localized at the outer interface. Since our experimental results show that the latter is not due to a topology-determining role, we propose instead that tryptophans fulfill a functional role as interfacially anchoring residues on the trans-side of the membrane.
Activation of the Heat Shock Factor 1 by Serine Protease Inhibitors (1998)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have a cytoprotective role in several human diseases, including ischemia and viral infection. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a critical regulator of inflammation and virus replication. Here we report that a class of serine protease inhibitors with NF-kappaB-inhibitory activity are potent HSP inducers via activation of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) in human cells. 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin, the most effective compound, rapidly induces HSF1 DNA binding activity and phosphorylation, leading to transcription and translation of heat shock genes for a period of several hours. HSF1 activation is independent of de novo protein synthesis and is correlated in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with NF-kappaB inhibition. Cysteine protease inhibitors E64 and calpain inhibitor II, which do not block NF-kappaB activation, do not induce HSF DNA binding activity. HSP induction by 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin is associated with antiviral activity during rhabdovirus infection. These results identify a new class of HSP inducers and indicate a link between the regulatory pathways of HSF and NF-kappaB, suggesting novel strategies to simultaneously switch on cytoprotective genes and down-regulate inflammatory and viral genes.
Photoinitiators with Functional Groups. Part IV. Water-Soluble Photoinitiators Containing Quaternary Ammonium Groups (1996)

Abstract The syntheses and properties of a series of new water-soluble hydroxyalkylphenone-based photoinitiators (PIs) for UV curing of water-borne systems is described. By reaction of tosyl- (2), chloro- (3), and dimethylamino- (4) derivatives of the commercially available PI 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)phenyl]-2-methylpropan-1-one (1, Darocur 2959) with tertiary amines and halogenides, respectively, PIs containing quaternary ammonium groups exhibiting high water solubility were obtained. Preliminary photocalorimetric tests of the activity demonstrated excellent efficiencies for the PIs in a commercial water-based acrylate formulation, exceeding the photoactivity of the reference PI (1) substantially.
Neurophysiological Study of Peripheral Neuropathy after High-Dose Paclitaxel (2004)

Single high-dose paclitaxel produces predictable clinical and neurophysiological changes so that patients receiving high-dose therapy are ideal subjects to test the effectiveness of neuroprotective agents. Amifostine was ineffective in preventing or reducing the neurotoxicity of high-dose paclitaxel.
Modeling Cost Functions in Computerized Business Simulation: An Application of Duality Theory and Sheppardâ€™s Lemma (1990)

The paper develops an algorithm to model jointly, cost and production functions in computerized business simulations. The algorithm utilizes the concepts of duality theory to derive a generalized cost function, where costs depend both on the level of input prices and the production rate. Sheppardâ€™s Lemma is applied to derive the cost minimizing input demand levels based on the characteristics of the cost function. The application of Sheppardâ€™s Lemma is shown to help avoid inconsistencies between the cost structure and production technology of the firm. A recommended set of equations is presented and discussed to simulate the cost function of the firm. A numerical example is given to illustrate how the function may be used to demonstrate the stability of the system.
Emotion recognition based on phoneme classes (2004)

Recognizing human emotions/attitudes from speech cues has gained increased attention recently. Most previous work has focused primarily on suprasegmental prosodic features calculated at the utterance level for this purpose. Notably, not much attention is paid to details at the segmental phoneme level in the modeling. Based on the hypothesis that different emotions have varying effects on the properties of the different speech sounds, this paper investigates the usefulness of phoneme-level modeling for the classification of emotional states from speech. Hidden Markov models (HMM) based on short-term spectral features are used for this purpose using data obtained from a recording of an actress’ expressing 4 different emotional states anger, happiness, neutral, and sadness. We designed and compared two sets of HMM classifiers: a generic set of ”emotional speech” HMMs (one for each emotion) a set of broad phoneticclass based HMMs for each emotion type considered. Five broad phonetic classes were used to explore the effect of emotional coloring on different phoneme classes, and it was found that (spectral properties of) vowel sounds were the best indicator to emotions in terms of the classification performance. The experiments also showed that the best performance can be obtained by using phoneme-class classifiers over generic “emotional” HMM classifier and classifiers based on global prosodic features. To see complementary effect of the prosodic and spectral features, two classifiers were combined at the decision level. The improvement was 0.55% in absolute compared with the result from phoneme-class based HMM classifier.
Diverse effects of insulin-like growth factor I on glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism (1992)

The metabolic effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) on glucose, amino acid, and free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism were examined in nine healthy nonobese subjects. Each received a 3-h primed continuous infusion of rhIGF-I (20 micrograms/kg bolus, 0.4 microgram.kg-1.min-1) while maintaining euglycemia using an exogenous glucose infusion. Total IGF-I levels increased from 125 +/- 11 to 444 +/- 22 ng/ml, and free IGF-I levels rose from undetectable to 73 +/- 5 ng/ml. Insulin levels fell from 95 +/- 9 to 64 +/- 8 pM, and C-peptide fell from 453 +/- 48 to 206 +/- 29 pM; circulating glucagon levels also declined from 72 +/- 9 to 42 +/- 4 pg/ml, rhIGF-I produced a two- to threefold increase in glucose uptake as measured by [3H] glucose (from 10.3 +/- 0.6 to 27.4 +/- 3 mumol.kg-1.m-1), and, despite the fall in insulin secretion, there was a marked 60-70% inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Furthermore, FFA and branched-chain amino acids declined by 40-60% (411 +/- 58 to 165 +/- 36 and 406 +/- 23 to 219 +/- 14 microM, respectively). Our data demonstrate that rhIGF-I has potent effects on glucose (hepatic and peripheral), lipid, and amino acid metabolism in normal humans. The scope of the actions of rhIGF-I closely resemble those of insulin, despite a concomitant inhibitory effect on insulin secretion.
Unveiling the basis of alkaline stability of an evolved versatile peroxidase (2016)

A variant of high biotechnological interest (called 2-1B) was obtained by directed evolution of the Pleurotus eryngii VP (versatile peroxidase) expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [García-Ruiz, González-Pérez, Ruiz-Dueñas, Martínez and Alcalde (2012) Biochem. J. 441: , 487-498]. 2-1B shows seven mutations in the mature protein that resulted in improved functional expression, activity and thermostability, along with a remarkable stronger alkaline stability (it retains 60% of the initial activity after 120 h of incubation at pH 9 compared with complete inactivation of the native enzyme after only 1 h). The latter is highly demanded for biorefinery applications. In the present study we investigate the structural basis behind the enhanced alkaline stabilization of this evolved enzyme. In order to do this, several VP variants containing one or several of the mutations present in 2-1B were expressed in Escherichia coli, and their alkaline stability and biochemical properties were determined. In addition, the crystal structures of 2-1B and one of the intermediate variants were solved and carefully analysed, and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out. We concluded that the introduction of three basic residues in VP (Lys-37, Arg-39 and Arg-330) led to new connections between haem and helix B (where the distal histidine residue is located), and formation of new electrostatic interactions, that avoided the hexa-co-ordination of the haem iron. These new structural determinants stabilized the haem and its environment, helping to maintain the structural enzyme integrity (with penta-co-ordinated haem iron) under alkaline conditions. Moreover, the reinforcement of the solvent-exposed area around Gln-305 in the proximal side, prompted by the Q202L mutation, further enhanced the stability.
Axon outgrowth from grafts of human embryonic spinal cord in the lesioned adult rat spinal cord (1992)

Adult rats with acute partial lesions of their upper thoracic spinal cords were implanted bilaterally with cell suspensions of 6-7 week-old embryonic human spinal cord tissue one segment above or below the lesions. After 14-19 weeks, the animals were perfusion-fixed and the tissue analysed with a light microscope after immunocytochemical labelling with an antiserum recognizing human, but not rat, intermediary neurofilaments. Using this method, extensive efferent projections were demonstrated extending longitudinally from the grafts into the host spinal cord, both in the caudal and rostral directions. Within the white matter tracts, dense bundles of fibres extended for about 3-4 mm, and single fibres were identified up to 10 mm away from the implants. Axonal growth of this length within host white matter has not previously been observed from intraspinal grafts of rat CNS tissue.
Poly(<i>N</i>‐acylethylenimine) copolymers containing pendant pentamethyldisiloxanyl groups. II. Thermal behavior and x‐ray diffraction study (1992)

Abstract Two series of random copolymers of 10‐(pentamethyl disiloxanyl) decyl oxazoline ( Si ) with undecyl ( U ) (four copolymer compositions) and nonyl ( N ) (eight copolymer compositions) oxazolines over the whole composition range, with a total degree of polymerization of about 100, were studied by DSC and wide angle X‐ray diffraction. All the polymers are crystalline. For the N/Si copolymers, the melting points, normalized Δ H and Δ S of fusion are almost constant in a broad range of copolymer composition from 10 to 65 mol % of Si . The rationale for this behavior is that the copolymers crystallize two dimensionally, with the crystalline polymethylene plates separated by the bulky flexible pentamethyl disiloxanyl ( P ) groups. In this range, increasing Si only increases the distance between the plates. With more than 65 mol % Si , the bulky P groups interfere with the packing of the alkyl chains and change the crystallization behavior; the polymers show disordered packing as demonstrated by their X‐ray patterns and extremely low Δ H . In the U/Si copolymers, since the undecyl side chain has one more carbon than the decyl group to which the P group is attached, the P groups interfere much more strongly with the packing of the side chains than in the N/Si polymers. The copolymer melting points uniformly decrease as the concentration of Si increases. The plateau on the plot of normalized Δ H versus polymer composition is only from 10 to 50 mol % of Si . The average long spacings of the annealed polymers increase linearly from 24 Å ( N/Si polymers) or 28 Å ( U/Si polymers) to 34.1 Å with the increase of Si up to 50%. With more than 50% Si , the polymers have an identical lamellar thicknesses of 34 Å, within the experimental error. Copolymers with less than 75 mol % of Si can crystallize from hexadecane solutions forming gels down to polymer concentrations of 2‐3 wt %. The long spacings of the gels are almost identical with those of the pure crystalline polymers and independent of the polymer/solvent ratios. When hexamethyl disiloxane is added to the solutions, it can intercalate and the resulting crystalline gels have long spacings larger than those found in the absence of siloxane.
Randomized phase II trial of intravenous RO5137382/GC33 at 1600 mg every other week and placebo in previously treated patients with unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; NCT01507168). (2014)

4102 Background: RO5137382/GC33 (GC33) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against GPC3 that is frequently expressed in HCC. GC33 interacts with CD16/FcγR3 and triggers antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. GC33 was compared with placebo in a randomized phase II study in advanced HCC patients (pts) who had failed prior systemic therapy. Methods: Pts with advanced HCC who had failed prior systemic therapy, ≥18 years, ECOG 0-1, Child-Pugh A were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to GC33 1600 mg Q2W after two weekly doses versus placebo. Prior to randomization, pts were assigned into 3 cohorts based degree of GPC3 immunohistochemical expression: A (GPC3 2-3+), B (GPC3 1+) and C (GPC3 no expression). Primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP), tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK). Tumor assessment was based on RECIST1.0 criteria and safety on CTCAE 4.0. Results: Between February 2012 to March 2013, 185 pts were enrolled: 121 received GC33 and 64 placebo: Median age 64/63, 85/75% male, 46/42% Asian, ECOG 0 65/63%, 74/77% having vascular invasion and/or extra-hepatic metastasis. 49/41% had prior single agent sorafenib. Drug exposure was 98.6% of planned dose, with an identical adverse events profile between the 2 groups. The median PFS, OS, and TTP in the GC33 vs placebo groups in months were: 2.6 vs 1.5 (HR 0.97, p=0.87), 6.8 vs 6.7 (HR 0.99, p=0.97), and 2.9 vs 1.7 (HR 0.96, p=0.85). A subsequent exposure-efficacy analysis showed that increased exposure based on projected Ctroughat cycle 3 day 1 was associated with prolonged PFS and OS. Median PFS for high GC33 exposure group (n=60) was 4 vs 1.5 months for placebo (n=60), and OS 9.7 vs 6.7 months, respectively. Combining higher exposure with FcγR3A-158V polymorphism or CD16 expression intensity may correlate with improved PFS and OS. Conclusions: GC33 did not show a clinical benefit in this advanced, previously treated HCC population, potentially due to suboptimal dosing. Further studies are needed to investigate whether higher GC33 drug exposure and a favored CD16/FcgR3 immune environment may help. Clinical trial information: NCT01507168.
Considerations in building a low-noise reflection absorption infrared spectrometer (1987)

The design and performance of several dispersive spectrometers for reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy are presented. Sources of noise and their control are discussed in detail. Individual component selection for the spectrometers is discussed with particular attention paid to optimizing sensitivity for surface measurements. These efforts culminated in an ellipsometric spectrometer with a sensitivity of <0.01% absorption and capable of following transients with a temporal resolution of 10 ms.
Effect of Ischemia and Antianginal Drugs on the Distribution of Radioactive Microspheres in the Canine Left Ventricle (1971)

Radioactive microspheres were used to estimate the changes in regional myocardial blood flow occurring during acute myocardial ischemia. Carbonized 15-µ spheres were injected into the left atrium of 28 open-chest dogs and the radioactivity of selected areas determined after sacrifice. Acute occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery produced a significant diminution in the proportion of microspheres reaching the circumflex area. In addition, there was a disproportionate decrease in endocardial radioactivity in the ischemic area (endocardial/epicardial radioactivity ratio falling from 1.17 to 0.76, P < 0.001) but not in the nonischemic area. Both nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) and propranolol (1 mg/kg) failed to cause a significant change in the ratio of circumflex to descendens radioactivity during ischemia. They did, however, cause a significant increase in the ratio of endocardial to epicardial radioactivity in both ischemic and nonischemic areas.