gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Edge Confidence Detection in the Auto-focus under Fundus Camera (2010)

Auto focus is an important technique to improve the automation for fund us camera. Selection of image sharpness evaluation function is a key to auto-focus technique. In order to ensure the focusing accuracy, a new auto-focus algorithm is proposed. It uses the definition of retinal vessel edge as sharpness evaluation function and combines the rough search with the fine search together. The retinal vessel edge can be extracted fast and accurately by the edge confidence detection, and the result is used as the evaluation function of the auto-focus. And in order to decrease the computation complexity, the proposed sharpness evaluation function is used only in the in-focus area. Experimental results show that the approach has the better unbiased ness than the traditional gradient-based evaluation function, much more advantages in focus accuracy and excellent robustness against noise.
First‐line chemotherapy with capecitabine and temozolomide in patients with metastatic pancreatic endocrine carcinomas (2010)

The combination of capecitabine and temozolomide is associated with an exceptionally high and durable response rate in metastatic endocrine carcinomas of the pancreas. Clinical endpoints, including response rate, survival, and toxicity, are superior to those observed with streptozocin-based regimens.
Co-release and functional interactions of neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline in peripheral sympathetic vascular control. (1988)

1. The immunohistochemical results suggest that NPY-LI co-exists with NA in sympathetic periarterial nerves of skeletal muscle. The corresponding veins are associated with few or no sympathetic nerves. 2. SNS evoked a detectable overflow of NPY-LI from the dog gracilis muscle in vivo during high-frequency but not low-frequency stimulation. After the administration of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, the overflow of NPY-LI was enhanced, indicating prejunctional inhibition of release via a mechanism similar to that for NA. Reserpine pretreatment depleted both NA and NPY-LI from skeletal muscle. The reserpine-induced depletion of NPY-LI, but not of NA, was highly dependent on intact nerve activity, since it was prevented by decentralization. 3. Slowly developing and long-lasting vasoconstriction was evoked by exogenous NPY and by high-frequency SNS in the gracilis muscle in the presence of adrenoceptor antagonists that completely blocked the vasoconstrictor response to exogenous NA. After reserpine treatment, considerably larger vasoconstrictor responses to SNS were observed in the decentralized muscle than in the intact one, in parallel with the overflow of NPY-LI. These results suggest that the released NPY may be the mediator of the adrenoceptor antagonist- and reserpine-resistant functional responses to SNS in the gracilis muscle. ATP mechanisms seem to be of less importance for the sympathetic control of gracilis muscle vasculature. 4. The plasma levels of NPY-LI and NA in man increased during physical exercise, suggesting a co-release from sympathetic nerves. This release appears to be attenuated by activation of alpha-adrenoceptors since phentolamine and clonidine, respectively, enhanced and suppressed the exercise-induced increase in the plasma levels of both NPY-LI and NA. The plasma levels of NPY-LI were increased during control conditions, and altered by clonidine and phentolamine, mainly at high work loads, which may indicate preferential release of the peptide at high levels of sympathetic activity. 5. Local i.a. infusion of NPY in man reduced forearm blood flow with a threshold effect at a plasma concentration in the low nmolar range. The reduction in forearm blood flow induced by NPY was considerably more long-lasting than that evoked by NA, which may partly be related to the long metabolic half-life of NPY. 6. NPY induced contractile effects in vitro that varied between different arteries and veins. The most pronounced effects were evoked in small human skeletal muscle arteries, where NPY caused a maximal contraction similar to that of NA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Integrated magnetooptic Bragg cell modulator in yttrium iron garnet-gadolinium gallium garnet taper waveguide and applications (1997)

An integrated magnetooptic (MO) device which consists of an ion-milled collimation-focusing lens pair and a guided-wave MO Bragg cell modulator in a yttrium iron garnet-gadolinium gallium garnet (YIG-GGG) taper waveguide substrate with dimensions of 6.0/spl times/16.0 mm/sup 2/ has been realized for the first time. Performance characteristics of the waveguide lenses including the focal spot size, sidelobe level and throughput, and that of the integrated MO Bragg cell modulator using the magnetostatic forward volume wave (MSFVW) at X-band carrier frequency including the bandwidth, diffraction efficiency, dynamic range, and frequency resolution have been measured at the optical wavelength of 1.303 /spl mu/m. Scanning of the focused diffracted light beam by varying the carrier frequency of the MSFVW and RF spectral analysis by simultaneous application of multiple microwave frequencies have been demonstrated.
The feline model of neuroAIDS: understanding the progression towards AIDS dementia (2000)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a neurotropic lentivirus that produces a protracted state of immunodeficiency and encephalopathy in the cat. Recent evidence has shown several similarities to the natural progression of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV-1) associated degenerative effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. Similar to HIV-1, FIV-induced encephalopathy neurovirulence is strain dependent, results in progressive immunodeficiency and increasing early peripheral but not brain viral load, preferentially affects the developing nervous system, produces quantifiable behavioural and neurophysiological impairment that is not directly linked to neuronal infectivity, and induces neuronal injury and loss both in vivo and in vitro. This paper highlights the cumulative scientific body of evidence supporting the use of the feline model of neuroAIDS.
IPPV Flow Pattern Optimization by Using a Computer Technique (1980)

A mathematical model of respiratory system has been used to optimize the parameters (duration of inspiration, duration of post - inspiratory pause and maximum value of inspiratory flow at mouth), which characterize four theoretical inspiratory flow patterns, as regards two different categories of patients in intermittent positive pressure ventilation. The principle we have based on to establish the parameters characterizing the optimal flow patterns has been founded on the minimization of a function accounting both for the gas exchange in the lungs and the effects of the intermittent positive pressure ventilation on the venous return. The results bring to important conclusions concerning the way how to ventilate the different categories of patients in the course of respiratory treatment.
Coat Color Genetics of Peromyscus: II. Tan Streak — A New Recessive Mutation in the Deer Mouse, P. maniculatis (1993)

The first mutant tan streak deer mice appeared in the initial laboratory-bred generation of a stock of Peromyscus maniculatus nubiterrae collected in Macon County, North Carolina. Laboratory progeny from the original animals were bred and mated among themselves and to wild-type individuals. The tan streak phenotype is characterized by nearly complete absence of coat pigmentation, except for a pale tan patch or narrow stripe extending mid-dorsally posteriorly from the head. The band is frequently somewhat broader in the shoulder region, occasionally forming a cross-shaped pattern. There is no evidence of black eumelanin in any part of the coat. The eyes are fully pigmented, appearing black, and pigment is present in the skin of the ears and elsewhere. The trait is inherited as an autosomal recessive. The genetic locus is provisionally designated tns. Crosses between homozygous tan streak (tns/tns) animals and albino (c/c), ivory (i/i), non-agouti (a/a) and brown (b/b) deer mice produced only wild-type progeny, indicating that the tns mutation is not at any of these loci.
Replacing fossil oil with fresh oil – with what and for what? (2011)

Abstract Industrial chemicals and materials are currently derived mainly from fossil‐based raw materials, which are declining in availability, increasing in price and are a major source of undesirable greenhouse gas emissions. Plant oils have the potential to provide functionally equivalent, renewable and environmentally friendly replacements for these finite fossil‐based raw materials, provided that their composition can be matched to end‐use requirements, and that they can be produced on sufficient scale to meet current and growing industrial demands. Replacement of 40% of the fossil oil used in the chemical industry with renewable plant oils, whilst ensuring that growing demand for food oils is also met, will require a trebling of global plant oil production from current levels of around 139 MT to over 400 MT annually. Realisation of this potential will rely on application of plant biotechnology to (i) tailor plant oils to have high purity (preferably >90%) of single desirable fatty acids, (ii) introduce unusual fatty acids that have specialty end‐use functionalities and (iii) increase plant oil production capacity by increased oil content in current oil crops, and conversion of other high biomass crops into oil accumulating crops. This review outlines recent progress and future challenges in each of these areas. Practical applications: The research reviewed in this paper aims to develop metabolic engineering technologies to radically increase the yield and alter the fatty acid composition of plant oils and enable the development of new and more productive oil crops that can serve as renewable sources of industrial feedstocks currently provided by non‐renewable and polluting fossil‐based resources. As a result of recent and anticipated research developments we can expect to see significant enhancements in quality and productivity of oil crops over the coming decades. This should generate the technologies needed to support increasing plant oil production into the future, hopefully of sufficient magnitude to provide a major supply of renewable plant oils for the industrial economy without encroaching on the higher priority demand for food oils. Achievement of this goal will make a significant contribution to moving to a sustainable carbon‐neutral industrial society with lower emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and reduced environmental impact as a result.
Membrane Ultrafiltration to Treat Laundry Wastes and Shower Wastes for Water Reuse (1974)

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Evaluation of co-processed excipients used for direct compression of orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) using novel disintegration apparatus (2012)

The compendial method of evaluation of orodispersible tablets (ODT) is the same disintegration test as for conventional tablets. Since it does not reflect the disintegration process in the oral cavity, alternative methods are proposed that are more related to in vivo conditions, e.g. modified dissolution paddle apparatus, texture analyzer, rotating shaft apparatus, CCD camera application, or wetting time and water absorption ratio measurement. In this study, three different co-processed excipients for direct compression of orally disintegrating tablets were compared (Ludiflash, Pharmaburst, F-Melt). The properties of the prepared tablets such as tensile strength, friability, wetting time and water absorption ratio were evaluated. Disintegration time was measured using the pharmacopoeial method and the novel apparatus constructed by the authors. The apparatus was based on the idea of Narazaki et al., however it has been modified. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied for the analysis of the disintegration mechanism of prepared tablets. The research has shown the significant effect of excipients, compression force, temperature, volume and kind of medium on the disintegration process. The novel apparatus features better correlation of disintegration time with in vivo results (R(2) = 0.9999) than the compendial method (R(2) = 0.5788), and presents additional information on the disintegration process, e.g. swelling properties.
Hierarchical VLSI design systems based on attribute grammars (1986)

The attribute grammar technique used for design of structure editors is suggested as a foundation for building <i>hierarchical incremental design editors</i> for VLSI circuits. The usual definition of attribute grammars is extended: the cycles that occur in VLSI design make us come to terms with circular attributes (under conditions that guarantee their least fixpoint solution, namely that the functions be monotone and yield values over a lattice of bounded height). Many interesting VLSI design problems can be cast in attributes meeting this condition, for example, timing verification, logic simulation, power dissipation, and adherence to clocking disciplines, to name a few. As an illustration of the formalism, attributes are presented which solve the All Bidirectional Edges problem that labels the direction of information flow in a circuit. The incremental evaluation algorithm of [Rep82] is extended to handle fixpoint computations of circular attributes by noting that when the dependency graph is broken into its strongly connected components, a directed acyclic graph results. The worst-case running time of the resulting incremental evaluation algorithm is bounded by <i>O</i> (<i>hk</i> |AFFECTEDSCC|), where <i>h</i> is the height of the largest attribute lattice, <i>k</i> the largest number of attributes in any one strongly connected component, and |AFFECTEDSCC| the number of strongly connected components affected by a single modification to the design tree.
Oil droplets as light absorbents in seawater (2007)

This paper presents spectra of light absorption coefficient of oil-in-water emulsion, derived using the Mie theory. In order to achieve that concentration of oil, degree of oil dispersion in seawater as well as spectra of light absorption coefficient and refractive index of chosen oils must be known. A significant role of the size distribution of oil droplets has been revealed: light absorption coefficient of emulsion increases with the rate of dispersion.
The Evaluation of Gas Diffusion Electrodes by the Thermal Analysis (2003)

We have already measured the performance and the physical property by some methods to evaluate some gas diffusion electrodes for chlor-alkali electrolysis. In this paper, we studied about the ability to evaluate the gas diffusion electrodes by thermal analysis. We prepared the powder and the seat before hot-press and after hot-press. These were made from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and from the material (GSP) of the gas-supplying layer that was mixed carbon black and PTFE. We prepared some samples of GSP that had difference of PTFE dispersion. We used the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and measured the heat change of fusion of PTFE in all samples. The heat change of fusion of PTFE powder was 70 J/g. On the other hand, that of PTFE sheet after hot-press was smaller than 25 J/g, may be due to the combination of PTFE by hot-press at 350°C. In a case of GSP, the heat change of fusion of the GSP sheet after hot-press was the smallest, probably because this one had much interaction between carbon black and PTFE. The heat change of fusion of GSP 1 that prepared by no flocculation process of PTFE and that PTFE was distributed homogeneous in sheet was the lowest 5.65 J g, may be due to the higher interaction between carbon black and PTFE. Consequently, it was possible to evaluate the inner structure of the electrode by DSC.
Respiratory variations in the photoplethysmographic waveform: acute hypovolaemia during spontaneous breathing is not detected (2010)

Recent studies using photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals from pulse oximeters have shown potential to assess hypovolaemia during spontaneous breathing. This signal is heavily filtered and reports are based on respiratory variations in the small pulse synchronous variation of PPG. There are stronger respiratory variations such as respiratory synchronous variation (PPGr) in the baseline of the unfiltered PPG signal. We hypothesized that PPGr would increase during hypovolaemia during spontaneous breathing. Hemodynamic and respiratory data were recorded together with PPG infrared signals from the finger, ear and forearm from 12 healthy male volunteers, at rest and during hypovolaemia created by the application of a lower body negative pressure (LBNP) of 15, 30 and 60 cmH(2)O. Hemodynamic and respiratory values changed significantly. From rest to the LBNP of 60 cmH(2)O systolic blood pressure fell from median (IQR) 116 (16) to 101 (23) mmHg, the heart rate increased from 58 (16) to 73 (16) beats min(-1), and the respiratory rate increased from 9.5 (2.0) to 11.5 (4.0) breaths min(-1). The amplitude of PPGr did not change significantly at any measurement site. The strongest effect was seen at the ear, where the LBNP of 60 cmH(2)O gave an amplitude increase from 1.0 (0.0) to 1.31 (2.24) AU. PPG baseline respiratory variations cannot be used for detecting hypovolaemia in spontaneously breathing subjects.
Practical Reduction Of Carbonyl Compounds With Nabh<sub>4</sub>and Silica Gel In an Aprotic Solvent (1999)

Abstract Selective and high-yielding synthesis of alcohols can be easily achieved by the reduction of a variety of ketones and aldehydes with a combination of inexpensive and readily available laboratory reagents, NaBH4 and silica gel, in hexane under mild and neutral conditions.
Simultaneous Optogenetics and Cellular Resolution Calcium Imaging During Active Behavior Using a Miniaturized Microscope (2018)

The ability to precisely monitor and manipulate neural circuits is essential to understand the brain. Advancements over the last decade in optical techniques such as calcium imaging and optogenetics have empowered researchers to gain insight into brain function by systematically manipulating or monitoring defined neural circuits. Combining these cutting-edge techniques enables a more direct mechanism for ascribing neural dynamics to behavior. Here, we developed a miniaturized integrated microscope that allows for simultaneous optogenetic manipulation and cellular-resolution calcium imaging within the same field of view in freely behaving mice. The integrated microscope has two LEDs, one filtered with a 435-460 nm excitation filter for imaging green calcium indicators, and a second LED filtered with a 590-650 nm excitation filter for optogenetic modulation of red-shifted opsins. We developed and tested this technology to minimize biological and optical crosstalk. We observed insignificant amounts of biological and optical crosstalk with regards to the optogenetic LED affecting calcium imaging. We observed some amounts of residual crosstalk of the imaging light on optogenetic manipulation. Despite residual crosstalk, we have demonstrated the utility of this technology by probing the causal relationship between basolateral amygdala (BLA) -to- nucleus accumbens (NAc) circuit function, behavior, and network dynamics. Using this integrated microscope we were able to observe both a significant behavioral and cellular calcium response of the optogenetic modulation on the BLA-to-NAc circuit. This integrated strategy will allow for routine investigation of the causality of circuit manipulation on cellular-resolution network dynamics and behavior.
Handbook of autonomic nervous system dysfunction (1995)

Autonomic Nervous System: Introduction, Amos D. Korczyn Neurotransmitters in the Autonomic Nervous System, Pamela Milner and Geoffrey Burnstock Consequences of Denervation: Supersensitivity and Reinnervation, Amos D. Korczyn Neuropathology of the Autonomic Nervous System, Hans H. Goebel and Jurgen R.E. Bohl Classification of Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction, Christopher J. Mathias Horner's Syndrome, Baruch El-Ad Autonomic Neuropathy in Chagas' Disease, Augusto Fernandez-Krekeler and Gerard Said Familial Dysautonomia: Hereditary Autonomic and Sensory Neuropathy Type III, Natan Gadoth Hirschsprung's Disease: Clinical and Nerophysiological Aspects, Omri Z. Lernau and Menachem Hanani Autonomic Failure, David Robertson Clinical Aspects of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, Robert J. Schwartzman Hyperhidrosis of the Palms and Soles, Amnon Mosek and Amos D. Korczyn Cardiac Involvement in Neuromuscular Diseases, Giovanni Nigro Syncopes and the Autonomic Nervous System, Fiorella Simone Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy, Roy Freeman Autonomic Disturbances in Parkinson's Disease and Shy-Drager Syndrome, Emilia Martignoni, Claudio Pacchetti, Giuseppe Micieli, and Giuseppe Nappi Peripheral Autonomic Neuropathies, Edison Miyawaki and Roy Freeman Autonomic Side Effects of Drugs, Amos D. Korczyn Salivary Gland Disorders Associated with Autonomic Dysfunction, Andy Wolff Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Neurological Disease, Ronald F. Pfeiffer, Eamonn M. M. Quigley, and Lorraine L. Edwards Childhood Enuresis, Marjo-Riitla Jarvelin Urethral Sphincteric Mechanisms, R. L. Vereechen Sexual Dysfunction, Carlos Singer Sympathetic Block and Sympathectomy, David Niv and Chayen S. Mark Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in the Study of Autonomic Failure, Jean-Michel Senard, Olivier Rascol, A. Rascol, and Jean-Louis Montastruc Investigation of Autonomic Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Horacio Kaufmann Spectral Analysis of Fluctuations in Heart Rate and Other Cardiovascular Parameters as a Tool for the Assessment of Autonomic Control, Solange Akselrod Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Humans, Shigetaka Hakusui, Akira Takahashi, and Tadaaki Mano Sympathetic Skin Response, Vivian E. Drory Sudomotor Dysfunction and Its Investigation, Mikihiro Kihara, Robert D. Fealey, Akira Takahashi, and James D. Schmelzer Skin Wrinkling on Immersion of Hands in Water: A Test of Sympathetic Function, Jackson Braham, Menachem Sadeh, and Ida Sarova-Pinhas Light and Ciliospinal Reflexes: Pupil Pharmacology, Pupil Cycle Time Test, and Puplillography, Sergiu C. Blumen Cold Pressor Test, M. Scharf and Amos D. Korczyn
WaRR: A tool for high-fidelity web application record and replay (2011)

We introduce WaRR, a tool that records and replays with high fidelity the interaction between users and modern web applications. WaRR consists of two independent components: the WaRR Recorder and the WaRR Replayer. The WaRR Recorder is embedded in a web browser, thus having access to user actions, and provides a complete interaction trace-this confers high recording fidelity. The WaRR Replayer uses an enhanced, developer-specific web browser that enables realistic simulation of user interaction-this confers high replaying fidelity. We describe two usage scenarios for WaRR that help developers improve the dependability of web applications: testing web applications against realistic human errors and generating user experience reports. WaRR helped us discover bugs in widely-used web applications, such as Google Sites, and offers higher recording fidelity compared to current tools.