gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active queue management in DOCSIS 3.1 networks (2015)

An important new feature in the DOCSIS 3.1 specification is active queue management (AQM). AQM provides a solution to the problem of providing good application layer quality of experience when multiple applications share a network connection. The need for AQM arises due to the presence of packet buffering in network elements and the mechanics of the TCP congestion avoidance algorithm. Based on simulated performance and implementation considerations, a variant of the Proportional Integral Controller Enhanced (PIE) algorithm, called DOCSIS-PIE, is now included in DOCSIS 3.1 and has recently been added to the DOCSIS 3.0 specification as well. Implementation of DOCSIS-PIE is mandatory for implementation in DOCSIS 3.1 cable modems, and recommended for implementation in DOCSIS 3.0 cable modems. In addition to the mandatory/ recommended algorithm, DOCSIS 3.1 and 3.0 cable modem vendors are free to support additional AQM algorithms of their choosing. For managing downstream traffic, the DOCSIS 3.1 specification mandates that the CMTS support an AQM technology, but does not require a specific algorithm. This article discusses the underlying problem that is addressed by AQM, the selection of DOCSIS-PIE as the algorithm of choice for DOCSIS 3.1 cable modems, and the expected performance of the algorithm in simulated network conditions.
Cutaneous manifestations of breast carcinoma (2010)

The incidence of breast carcinoma cutaneous manifestation in patients with breast carcinoma is 23.9%. The most common sites of breast carcinoma cutaneous manifestation are the chest wall and abdomen, but they can occur at the extremities and in the head/neck region. Due the high incidence of breast carcinoma, these cutaneous manifestations are the most common metastases seen by dermatologists. In clinical practice, cutaneous metastases show a wide range of clinical manifestations. Nodules are the most common presentation, but several other patterns are described below.
A modified mycological medium for isolation and culture of Malassezia furfur. (2005)

A mycological medium was developed for primary isolation and culture of lipophilic yeasts. It was initially based on published information of nutrients and trace components that would promote the growth of these yeasts. It was subsequently modified and adjusted to specifically promote the growth of lipophilic yeasts and simultaneously avoid the luxurious growth of other fungi and bacteria. With this medium, the conventional bacteriological procedures such as microbial streaking for pure culture and anti-microbial sensitivity testing could be carried out for these lipophilic yeasts.
Determination of Fissure Volume and Block Size in Fractured Reservoirs by Type-Curve Analysis (1980)

ABSTRACT A new type-curve is presented for analyzing wells with wellbore storage and skin in double porosity systems. This type-curve applies to damaged, acidized, and fractured wells in fissured reservoirs. In addition to the usual well and reservoir parameters (permeability, skin, wellbore storage constant and length of the fracture intersecting the well), analysis yields characteristic parameters that can provide quantitative information on the volume of fissures and the size of porous blocks in the reservoir. These, in classical methods, could only be obtained if semilog radial flow were present at both early and late times, (thus yielding two characteristic parallel semi-log straight lines on a Horner plot), a condition that is seldom satisfied in practice. The analysis method presented in the paper is illustrated with actual field examples from several different fissured reservoirs.
Synthetically modified Fc domains as building blocks for immunotherapy applications (2012)

Chemically based protein modification methods could provide useful strategies for the generation of antibody mimics. However, the highly complex structures of antibody domains make it exceptionally difficult to modify these proteins in a single or small number of locations. This complexity includes the presence of multiple polypeptide chains, extensive disulfide networks, and critically important glycosylation patterns, all of which must remain intact to obtain biological function. In this work, we have created novel antibody mimics by installing synthetic molecules at the N-termini of crystallizable fragment domains (Fc's) via a chemical modification approach. First, a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) mediated N-terminal transamination reaction provided a compatible method for site-selectively installing ketones as reactive handles on Fc domains. High levels of conversion were achieved. For elaboration of the newly installed chemical handles, we used two strategies for the ligation of our desired compounds to the protein. In the first, we used alpha-effect amines to create oxime or hydrazone linkages. Alternatively, we used the ketone as a site to introduce a second reaction handle: an aniline group that can participate in a recently reported oxidative coupling reaction. The oxidative coupling provides a highly efficient ligation strategy requiring very short reaction times (two min or less) at room temperature. By combining the advantages of synthetic targeting agents (e.g. high stability, low cost, and facile and reproducible production and discovery) with the ability of Fc domains to mediate targeted cell death and extend plasma half-life, these new hybrid agents may possess the best qualities of both. As an initial proof of concept, Fc domains were functionalized with DNA aptamers. The specificity of the aptamers for binding their cellular targets was demonstrated, as was the ability of the modified Fc domains to bind to complement proteins. The full assessment of the immunological properties of these hybrid constructs is currently underway.
Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Anti-Aldols:  A Highly Stereoselective Ester-Derived Titanium Enolate Aldol Reaction (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Anti-Aldols: A Highly Stereoselective Ester-Derived Titanium Enolate Aldol ReactionArun K. Ghosh and Masanobu OnishiView Author Information Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 10, 2527–2528Publication Date (Web):March 13, 1996Publication History Received21 November 1995Published online13 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9539148https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9539148rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1490Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Aldol reactions,Enolates,Organic compounds,Titanium Get e-Alerts
Reactions of H(PhMeSi)3H with Triflic Acid: Evidence for Rearrangement Processes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of H(PhMeSi)3H with Triflic Acid: Evidence for Rearrangement ProcessesJoyce Y. Corey, Dennis M. Kraichely, Jean L. Huhmann, and Janet Braddock-WilkingCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 9, 3408–3410Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00021a012https://doi.org/10.1021/om00021a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and characterization of rhodium(I) amino olefin complexes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of rhodium(I) amino olefin complexesMarie E. Krafft, Lawrence J. Wilson, and Kay D. OnanCite this: Organometallics 1988, 7, 12, 2528–2534Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00102a017https://doi.org/10.1021/om00102a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views437Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes immunodeficiency in recovered patients by downregulating CD19 expression in B cells via enhancing B-cell metabolism (2021)

The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes severe immune disruption. However, it is unclear if disrupted immune regulation still exists and pertains in recovered COVID-19 patients. In our study, we have characterized the immune phenotype of B cells from 15 recovered COVID-19 patients, and found that healthy controls and recovered patients had similar B-cell populations before and after BCR stimulation, but the frequencies of PBC in patients were significantly increased when compared to healthy controls before stimulation. However, the percentage of unswitched memory B cells was decreased in recovered patients but not changed in healthy controls upon BCR stimulation. Interestingly, we found that CD19 expression was significantly reduced in almost all the B-cell subsets in recovered patients. Moreover, the BCR signaling and early B-cell response were disrupted upon BCR stimulation. Mechanistically, we found that the reduced CD19 expression was caused by the dysregulation of cell metabolism. In conclusion, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes immunodeficiency in recovered patients by downregulating CD19 expression in B cells via enhancing B-cell metabolism, which may provide a new intervention target to cure COVID-19.
SiGe oxidation kinetics and oxide density measured by resonant soft X-ray reflectivity (2017)

Ultrathin compressively strained SiGe layers is one of the most promising materials for high mobility channels of p-type Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (pMOSFETs). Fabrication of such layers as well as formation of high-quality gate oxides on SiGe both involve SiGe thermal oxidation processes. These processes require well-controlled oxidation kinetics and oxide properties. This work discusses oxidation kinetics of SiGe in light of the characterization of the thermal oxide density by the Resonant Soft X-Ray Reflectivity (R-SoXR) technique.
Register allocation for software pipelined loops (1992)

Software pipelining is an important instruction scheduling technique for efficiently overlapping successive iterations of loops and executing them in parallel. This paper studies the task of register allocation for software pipelined loops, both with and without hardware features that are specifically aimed at supporting software pipelines. Register allocation for software pipelines presents certain novel problems leading to unconventional solutions, especially in the presence of hardware support. This paper formulates these novel problems and presents a number of alternative solution strategies. These alternatives are comprehensively tested against over one thousand loops to determine the best register allocation strategy, both with and without the hardware support for software pipelining.
Enhanced Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factors and Receptor FGFR-1 during Vascular Remodeling in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2002)

Important characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include airway and vascular remodeling, the molecular mechanisms of which are poorly understood. We assessed the role of fibroblast growth factors (FGF) in pulmonary vascular remodeling by examining the expression pattern of FGF-1, FGF-2, and the FGF receptor (FGFR-1) in peripheral area of lung tissues from patients with COPD (FEV(1) < or = 75%; n = 15) and without COPD (FEV(1) > or = 85%; n = 13). Immunohistochemical staining results were evaluated by digital video image analysis as well as by manual scoring. FGF-1 and FGFR-1 were detected in vascular smooth muscle (VSM), airway smooth muscle, and airway epithelial cells. FGF-2 was localized in the cytoplasm of airway epithelium and in the nuclei of airway smooth muscle, VSM, and endothelial cells. In COPD cases, an unequivocal increase in FGF-2 expression was observed in VSM (3-fold, P = 0.001) and endothelium (2-fold, P = 0.007) of small pulmonary vessels with a luminal diameter under 200 micro m. In addition, FGFR-1 levels were elevated in the intima (1.5-fold, P = 0.05). VSM cells of large (> 200 micro m) pulmonary vessels showed increased staining for FGF-1 (1.6-fold, P < 0.03) and FGFR-1 (1.4-fold, P < 0.04) in COPD. Pulmonary vascular remodeling, assessed as the ratio of alpha-smooth muscle actin staining and vascular wall area with the lumen diameter, was increased in large vessels of patients with COPD (P = 0.007) and was inversely correlated with FEV(1) values (P < 0.007). Our results suggest an autocrine role of the FGF-FGFR-1 system in the pathogenesis of COPD-associated vascular remodeling.
Combination E2F-1 and p53 gene transfer does not enhance growth inhibition in human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. (1998)

Ample data exist contending that wild-type p53 and E2F-1 cooperate to mediate apoptosis, that E2F-1-mediated apoptosis is p53 dependent in some situations, and that E2F-1 can induce accumulation of p53 in mammalian cells. These data support the investigation of the biological consequences of combined wild-typep53 and E2F-1 overexpression in human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) for the purpose of developing apoptosis-inducing molecular intervention strategies for the management of this devastating disease. The recombinant adenovirus (Ad) vectors Ad-p53 and Ad-E2F-1 were used for wild-type p53 and E2F-1 gene transfers, respectively, into SCCHN cell lines TU138 and TU167. SCCHN cells transduced with either p53, E2F-1, or both underwent in vitro growth analysis, which revealed that simultaneous p53 and E2F-1 gene transfer did not result in enhanced growth inhibition. To explain our growth assay findings on the basis of potential negative molecular interactions between E2F-1 and p53, Western and Northern blotting analyses were performed to investigate the differential expression of the downstream p53-transactivated genes, p21Waf1 and BAX, under various p53 and E2F-1 gene transfer conditions. Whereas Western immunoblotting demonstrated that E2F-1 antagonized p53 induction of p21Waf1 and BAX, Northern blotting revealed that this interference was pretranslationally regulated and p53 dependent. Coimmunoprecipitation assay confirmed that the wild-type p53 and E2F-1 gene products formed protein-protein complexes in our cell lines. Our in vitro data demonstrated that in SCCHN, E2F-1 interferes with induction of p53-transactivated genes, probably through the formation of protein-protein complexes. Simultaneous p53 and E2F-1 gene transfer is not therapeutically advantageous in this in vitro model of SCCHN.
ABSCISIN, AUXIN, AND GIBBERELLIN EFFECTS ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF ABSCISSION IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM) (1967)

The effects of accelerating and retarding amounts of abscisin (Ab II), auxin (IAA), and gibberellin (GA 3 ) on abscission in explants of 14‐day‐old cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings were studied. Applications of Ab II, a potent accelerant (0.025 μg/abscission zone), resulted in a lysigenous breakdown of cells in a weakly defined separation layer in contrast to GA 3 , an accelerant (0.01 μg/abscission zone), and IAA, a retardant (0.125 μg/abscission zone), which resulted in a schizogenous type of breakdown of cells in a well‐defined separation layer, three or more rows of cells wide. Separation usually commenced adaxially with GA 3 , abaxially with IAA and in the controls, and either ad‐ or abaxially with Ab II. Cell division preceded abscission, the number of cells increasing greatly within 24 hr after GA 3 treatment. Tyloses formed in vessel elements throughout the explant, both distal and proximal to the plane of separation in all treatments and in the controls. The retardant, IAA, appeared to stimulate tyloses formation. Tylosis development was not causal but was secondarily related to abscission.
Relationship between Viscosity Coefficients and Volumetric Properties:  Measurements and Modeling for Pentaerythritol Esters (2006)

A rolling ball viscometer has been used in this work to determine the temperature and pressure dependencies of the dynamic viscosity of two pentaerythritol ester-based lubricants: pentaerythritol tetrapentanoate (PEC5) and pentaerythritol tetraheptanoate (PEC7). The viscosity measurements were performed along the six isotherms from 303.15 K to 353.15 K and at pressures up to a maximum of 60 MPa with an experimental uncertainty of ±3%. It has been observed that the dynamic viscosity increases as the size and branching of the chains of the pentaerythritol esters each increase. Based on the viscosity experimental data, the pressure and temperature viscosity coefficients, together with the viscosity index, have been determined for these fluids. The experimental viscosity values, together with literature data of other pentaerythritol esters, 2,3-dimethylpentane, and squalane were analyzed with several models, based on free-volume or hard-sphere concepts. Furthermore, we have analyzed one of the expressions proposed by Schmelzer et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 2005, 122, 074511/1−074511/11] that relates the pressure−viscosity coefficient with the thermal expansion coefficient, the isothermal compressibility, and the temperature−viscosity coefficient. The Schmelzer et al. relation is valid for 2,3-dimethylpentane but not for the other compounds. A more-general relation is proposed, which can explain the cases where the Schmelzer et al. equation fails.
Gain enhancement of a thick microstrip antenna by suppressing surface waves (2002)

The most detrimental aspect of microstrip antennas for more widespread usage is their inherent narrow bandwidth. One simple way to increase the bandwidth is to use a thick substrate. As the layer thickness increases, the surface waves become highly excited. The surface waves are eventually dissipated at the substrate edges. This unwanted radiation reduces the antenna gain. In addition the radiation is uncontrollable and usually interferes with the main beam destructively to degrade the radiation quality. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new device to reduce the surface wave excitation. The reduction of the surface waves is achieved by using parasitic elements next to the radiation edges of regular microstrip antennas. Such parasitic elements are usually used for increasing the bandwidth. These patches are placed on a surface coplanar to the main radiation patch. In the proposed antenna, the parasitic elements are between the top radiation surface and the ground plane. The surface waves reflected from the parasitic elements feed back to the microstrip cavity, thus enhancing the radiation efficiency. A simple cavity model is used for the analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immunoassays or Trace Chemical Analysis (1990)

Immunoassays offer a sensitive, specific, cost-effective means of screening many samples for trace residues of toxic chemicals, their metabolites, and adducts. Antibodies can be used both as detectors to quantify the amount of a chemical present and in immunoaffinity chromatography to purify and concentrate material for subsequent analysis. Applications of these assays include detection of pesticide residues, mycotoxins, biomarkers of toxicity, and industrial chemicals.