gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of acylsugar contents in tomatoes derived from an interspecific cross with the wild tomato Lycopersicon pennellii and their effect on spider mite repellence. (2002)

Acylsugars present in Lycopersicon pennellii are responsible for the high levels of pest resistance often found in this wild tomato taxon. We investigated the inheritance of acylsugar contents in segregating populations of the interspecific tomato cross L. esculentum x L. pennellii and estimated correlations between leaflet acylsugar contents and the levels of mite repellence. Acylsugar contents were quantified with the Sommogy-Nelson colorimetric method in the acessions L. esculentum 'TOM-584' (P(1), low acylsugars), L. pennellii 'LA-716' (P(2), high acylsugars), in the interspecific F(1) (P(1) x P(2)) and in the F(2 )(P(1) x P(2)) generations. Mite resistance was assessed by a repellence test. Broad-sense heritability of acylsugar contents was moderately high (h(2)(b) = 0.476). Frequency distributions in the P(1), P(2), F(1) and F(2) can be explained by the action of a single major locus, with near-complete dominance of the L. esculentum allele for low-acylsugar content over the L. pennellii allele for high content. Indirect selection for high levels of acylsugars in leaflets led to correlated increases in the levels of mite repellency, indicating that acylsugars may be the main factor involved in mite resistance.
A 23.4 kb segment at the 69°-70° region of the Bacillus subtilis genome (1997)

Within the framework of the international project aimed at the sequencing of the Bacillus subtilis genome, a 23.4 kb chromosome segment has been cloned and sequenced. This region (23 433 bp; 69 degrees-70 degrees of the genetic map) contains 17 complete ORFs and a partial one. A homology search for the products deduced from the 18 ORFs revealed that twelve of them had significant similarity to known proteins, including the quinolone-resistance protein, ABC transporter, aldehyde dehydrogenase, amino acid transporter, fosmidomycin-resistance protein, CDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, glucose-1-phosphate cytidyltransferase and cytochrome P450/NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase.
A unifying approach for melt rheology of linear polystyrene (2006)

Abstract Several studies of melt rheological properties of polystyrene have been conducted over the past 50 years. Several approaches, including empirical models, have been developed to understand the behavior of materials using simple equations. The existing melt rheology models are best suited for high‐molecular‐weight polymers whose T g does not vary. In this work, a semiempirical viscosity equation has been derived, including the effect of T g dependence on molecular weight, to describe the melt rheology of low‐molecular‐weight polymers. The equation is derived based on a combination of well‐known concepts, such as the effects of free volume and molecular dynamics on polymer rheology. This provides a better understanding of the rheological behavior in the low‐molecular‐weight regime with respect to temperature and molecular weight. Because of the industrial trend towards lower molecular weight materials for applications such as high solids coatings, this unifying approach, based on the free volume theory with a simple expression, is of extreme practical significance. This equation can predict the zero shear viscosity behavior for different molecular weights, including low‐molecular‐weight regions, and temperatures. Viscosity calculations using the empirical equation agree with published experimental data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2597–2607, 2007
On the Expansion of the Partition Function in a Series (1943)

1. A geometric property of the Farey series, discovered by L. R. Ford (1) is used in this note for the construction of a new path of integration to replace the circle carrying the Farey dissection, first introduced by Hardy and Ramanujan in their classical paper (2). This new path of integration will bring about an essential simplification in the treatment of the partition function and, in general, in the determination of the coefficients of modular functions of nonnegative dimension. It seems to me that the new path exhibits more clearly than the Farey arcs do the different contributions of the approximation functions near the roots of unity. Moreover, only two estimations have to be performed, and they are direct consequences of the obvious statements (3.2) and (4.1) concerning the circle over the diameter 0 to 1. Ford's theorem referred to above can be enunciated as follows: If in a complex r-plane we mark the points corresponding to the reduced fractions h/k and draw about the points
Compression and Progressive Transmission of Astronomical Images (1994)

An image compression algorithm has ben developed that is well-suited to astronomical images. The method has 3 steps: an intensity mapping to generate an image that has roughly constant noise in each pixel, an orthonormal wavelet transform, and quadtree coding of the bit-planes of the wavelet coefficients. The quadtree values may be further compressed by an standard compression technique, such as Huffman or arithmetic coding. If the 2D Haar transform is used, the calculations can be carried out using integer arithmetic, and the method can be used for both lossy and lossless compression. The Haar transform basis functions are well-suited to most astronomical images because they are highly localized. The performance of the algorithm using smoother, longer range wavelets is also shown; they can give slightly better lossy compression at the cost of an increase in artifacts around point sources, but they are not effective for lossless compression using this scheme. This technique has also been used as the basis of a progressive image transmission system that can be used for either remote observing or access to remote image archives. After less than 1% of the data have been received, the image is visually similar to the original, so it is possible to assess the quality of images very quickly. If necessary, the entire compressed data set can be sent so that the original image is recovered exactly.
Integration of Packaged RF MEMS Switches With Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Square Spiral Microstrip Antennas (2006)

This work describes the integration of commercially available packaged radio frequency microelectromechanical system (RF MEMS) switches with radiation pattern reconfigurable microstrip antennas. Most applications of RF MEMS switches consider the switches as only circuit elements. In contrast, the implementation of packaged switches in this particular antenna must address not only the simple open/closed behavior of the switches but also their impact on the radiation characteristics of the reconfigurable antenna. Here, two Radant MEMS single-pole single throw (SPST) SPST-RMSW100 (packaged RF MEMS) switches are used to reconfigure the radiation patterns of a resonant square spiral microstrip antenna between endfire and broadside over a common impedance bandwidth. Switch insertion, matching network design, and other issues are addressed. Results for both simulated and measured antennas, as well as recommendations for future work in this area, are provided.
Activity Profiles of Two Hyperforin-Containing Hypericum Extracts in Behavioral Models (1998)

The behavioral activity profile of a therapeutically used alcoholic hypericum extract containing hyperforin (4.5%) in rodent models was compared with that of an experimental CO2 extract devoid of hypericines but highly enriched in hyperforin (38.8%). The antidepressant activities of 50, 150 and 300 mg/ kg/day of the alcoholic extract were similar to those of 5, 15 and 30 mg/kg/day respectively of the CO2 extract. The ethanol extract in the same dose range potentiated dopaminergic behavioral responses, whereas these effects were either absent or less pronounced in the CO2 extract treated groups. By contrast, serotoninergic effects of the CO2 extract were more pronounced than those of the alcoholic extract. These and various other observations made during the study confirm that although the antidepressant action of hypericum extracts depends on their hyperforin contents, their spectrums of central activity are due to other component(s). Our working hypothesis that hyperforin and serotoninergic mechanisms are involved in the therapeutically observed antidepressant activities of hypericum extracts is in agreement with these observations.
Energy management for solar battery charging station (2013)

This paper presents a new system architecture for a low cost photovoltaic (PV) battery charging station that can balance: 1) the charging time of each individual battery and 2) the total charging time of all batteries in the system. The control strategy for the new system first charges each individual battery to either the same voltage or same state of charge (SOC) level and then charges multiple batteries in parallel simultaneously. As the paper demonstrates, this method can increase solar energy exploitation so that the total charging time of all batteries is decreased. Experimental results of a prototype of the system validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Reactions of Hindered Phenols. II. Base-Catalyzed Oxidations of Hindered Phenols<sup>*</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Hindered Phenols. II. Base-Catalyzed Oxidations of Hindered Phenols*M. S. KHARASCH and B. S. JOSHICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 11, 1439–1443Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01362a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01362a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2020Altmetric-Citations209LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Volumetric modulated arc therapy: a review of current literature and clinical use in practice (2011)

Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a novel radiation technique, which can achieve highly conformal dose distributions with improved target volume coverage and sparing of normal tissues compared with conventional radiotherapy techniques. VMAT also has the potential to offer additional advantages, such as reduced treatment delivery time compared with conventional static field intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The clinical worldwide use of VMAT is increasing significantly. Currently the majority of published data on VMAT are limited to planning and feasibility studies, although there is emerging clinical outcome data in several tumour sites. This article aims to discuss the current use of VMAT techniques in practice and review the available data from planning and clinical outcome studies in various tumour sites including prostate, pelvis (lower gastrointestinal, gynaecological), head and neck, thoracic, central nervous system, breast and other tumour sites. Received 21 April 2011 Revised 7 June 2011 Accepted 13 June 2011 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/22373346 ’ 2011 The British Institute of
Effectiveness of an Herbal Preparation Containing Echinacea, Propolis, and Vitamin C in Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections in Children (2004)

A preventive effect of a product containing echinacea, propolis, and vitamin C on the incidence of respiratory tract infections was observed.
Convergence analysis of complex adaptive IIR notch filters (2002)

In this paper, we present a new structure for the complex adaptive IIR notch filter which is useful for the detection of complex sinusoids in communication and radar systems. The proposed structure is based on the direct form first-order complex notch filter using a gradient-based algorithm. A quantitative analysis of convergence properties is developed. It has been shown that the convergence speed does not depend on the variance of input white noise. The effects of colored Gaussian noise on convergence speed have been analyzed. By using the proposed first-order section, a new cascaded structure for the complex adaptive notch filter is also shown. The results of computer simulation are shown which confirm the theoretical prediction.
EVALUATION OF DISPERSIBLE PROTEIN CONTENT DURING CONVECTIVE DRYING OF SOYBEANS UNDER DIFFERENT DRYING AIR TEMPERATURES (2015)

The present study assesses the effects of different drying conditions on dispersible protein content of soybeans. Experiments were conducted in a pilot-scale convective dryer operated at different air temperatures (60, 80 and 100°C) at a fixed velocity (1.0 m/s). Moisture and dispersible protein content were measured as a function of time. It was observed that drying air temperature influenced the dispersible protein content of the dried soybeans: when soybeans were submitted to air at 60, 80 and 100°C for 18 min, the dispersible protein content decreased from 33.0 kg of dispersible protein /100 kg of dry solids (d.s.) to 29.0, 20.5 and 12.0 kg /100 kg d.s., respectively. The temperature of 60°C proved to be a satisfactory condition for preserving the dispersible proteins of soybeans. However, using air at 100°C for short periods of time (< 6 min) was also a good option for minimizing protein denaturation during drying.
Highly Efficient Rh(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Enamines Using Monodente Spiro Phosphonite Ligands (2006)

A highly enantioselective hydrogenation of nonfunctionalized enamines has been developed by using rhodium complexes of chiral spiro phosphonite ligands, providing chiral tertiary amines in excellent enantioselectivities.
Advantages of Antisense Drugs for the Treatment of Oral Diseases (2002)

For almost two decades, antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ON) have been used successfully to suppress and regulate gene expression in vitro and in vivo. They are, meanwhile, well established to serve as molecular tools for several biologic applications, from the study of single gene functions up to complex target gene validations. Based on an at least theoretically simple mode of action, the sequence-specific inhibition of mRNA functions after complex formation by Watson-Crick base pairing and presumably enzymatic degradation of the target mRNA, they obviously carry a high therapeutic potential for the treatment of human diseases. In recent years, a remarkable number of clinical trials have been initiated and performed to evaluate the therapeutic usefulness of antisense technology. However, after the successful development of the first antisense-based drug Vitravene (Isis Pharmaceutical Inc., Carlsbad, CA) in 1998, no second product has appeared on the market to date. Here, we describe substantial advantages for the development of antisense-based drugs against less severe oral diseases that represent novel but highly promising application fields of the technology.
Clustered programmable-reconfigurable processors (2003)

In order to pose a successful challenge to conventional processor architectures, reconfigurable computing systems must achieve significantly better performance than conventional programmable processors by both greatly reducing the number of clock cycles required to execute a wide range of applications and achieving high clock rates when implemented in deep-submicron fabrication technologies. In this paper, we describe the architecture of Amalgam, a clustered programmable-reconfigurable processor that integrates multiple conventional processors and blocks of reconfigurable logic onto a single chip. Amalgam's distributed architecture allows implementation at high clock rates by limiting the impact of wire delay on cycle time and delivers an average of 13.7/spl times/ speedup on our benchmark applications when compared to an equivalent architecture that contains only a single programmable processor.
p57KIP2 Expression in Normal Islet Cells and in Hyperinsulinism of Infancy (2001)

Most cases of hyperinsulinism of infancy (HI) are caused by mutations in either the sulfonylurea receptor-1 (SUR1) or the inward rectifying K(+) channel Kir6.2, two subunits of the beta-cell ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP) channel). Histologically, HI can be divided into two major subtypes. The diffuse form is recessively inherited and involves all beta-cells within the pancreas. Focal HI consists of adenomatous hyperplasia within a limited region of the pancreas, and it is caused by somatic loss of heterozygosity (LOH), including maternal Ch11p15-ter in a beta-cell precursor carrying a germ-line mutation in the paternal allele of SUR1 or Kir6.2. Several imprinted genes are located within this chromosomal region, some of which, including p57(KIP2) and IGF-II, have been associated with the regulation of cell proliferation. Using double immunostaining, we examined p57(KIP2) expression in different islet cell types, in control pancreases from different developmental stages (n = 15), and in pancreases from patients with both diffuse (n = 4) and focal HI (n = 9). Using immunofluorescence and computerized image analysis, we quantified IGF-II expression in beta-cells from patients with focal HI (n = 8). Within the pancreas, p57(KIP2) was specifically localized to the endocrine portion. beta-Cells demonstrated the highest frequency of expression (34.9 +/- 2.7%) compared with approximately 1-3% in other cell types. The fraction of beta-cells expressing p57(KIP2) did not vary significantly during development. beta-Cells within the focal lesions did not express p57(KIP2), whereas IGF-II staining inside focal lesions was mildly increased compared with unaffected surrounding tissue. In conclusion, we demonstrate that p57(KIP2) is expressed and is paternally imprinted in human pancreatic beta-cells. Loss of expression in focal HI is caused by LOH and is associated with increased proliferation and increased IGF-II expression. Manipulation of p57(KIP2) expression in beta-cells may provide a mechanism by which proliferation can be modulated, and thus this gene is a potential therapeutic target for reversing the beta-cell failure observed in diabetes.
Sind Medizinstudenten ausreichend geimpft? / Are medical students sufficiently vaccinated? (2009)

Medizinstudenten sind im Rahmen ihrer klinischen Ausbildung einer erho hten Infektionsgefa hrdung ausge-
Numerous erythroblasts in maternal blood are impervious to fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis, a feature related to a dense compact nucleus with apoptotic character. (2005)

Our data show that circulating erythroblasts of presumed fetal origin cannot be reliably analyzed by FISH because of an abnormally dense nucleus. This nuclear phenotype appears to be induced by the higher oxygen tension present in the maternal circulation than in fetal blood.
X-ray scattering factors computed from numerical Hartree–Fock wave functions (1968)

X-ray scattering factors for neutral atoms from He to Lw and for most of the chemically significant ions through Lu3+ have been computed from numerical Hartree–Fock wave functions. The results are given in the form of coefficients for an analytic function.
The Extracellular Domain of Receptor Activity-modifying Protein 1 Is Sufficient for Calcitonin Receptor-like Receptor Function (2003)

A functional calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor requires dimerization of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) with receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP 1). To determine the function of the three domains (extracellular, ECD; transmembrane, TM; and tail domains) of human RAMP 1, three mutants were constructed: RAMP 1 without the cytoplasmic tail, a chimera consisting of the ECD of RAMP 1 and the TM and tail of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and the ECD of RAMP 1 alone. These RAMP 1 mutants were examined for their ability to associate with CRLR to effect CGRP-stimulated cAMP accumulation, CGRP binding, CRLR trafficking, and cell surface expression. All RAMP 1 mutants were able to associate with CRLR with full efficacy for CGRP-stimulated cAMP accumulation. However, the RAMP 1/platelet-derived growth factor receptor chimera demonstrated a 10-fold decrease in potency for CGRP signaling and binding, and the RAMP 1-ECD mutant had a 4000-fold decrease in potency. In conclusion, the ECD of RAMP 1 is sufficient for normal CRLR association and efficacy. The presence of a TM domain and the specific sequence of the RAMP 1 TM domain contribute to CGRP affinity and potency. The C-terminal tail of RAMP 1 is unnecessary for CRLR function.
Highly-reliable TaOx reram technology using automatic forming circuit (2014)

ReRAM is increasingly being developed for applications that require higher speeds and lower voltages than flash memory. We have found TaOx to have high performance and high reliability. However one of the phenomena observed in ReRAM is that each resistance after Set and Reset varies during every cycle. To stabilize resistive switching, the key is to limit these variations in resistance. In ReRAM, a conductive filament (CF) is created by the forming pulse. Resistive switching in the CF is based on reduction and oxidization using this voltage pulse. This paper reviews a hopping percolation model which we have proposed for the switching process, and this paper proposes an automatic forming circuit using our newly-developed externally-scalable forming pulse (ESF) scheme. In this CF model, conductive paths show different conductivities caused by the formation of different percolation networks that link hopping sites. Larger CFs show greater variation in resistance due to the many possible combinations of percolation networks. This makes it important to develop a forming technique that limits CFs to their optimal size. Forming is based on dielectric breakdown, so the pulse width ranges over approximately three orders. The automatic forming circuit detects, bit by bit, whether forming is over, and stops the forming pulse after a specified period. A forming pulse is then generated, using an external clock, to cover the range of pulse widths. This allows the filament size to be controlled to ensure it is uniform for all of the bits in the circuit, at the cost of only a small area overhead.
A graphene oxide/hemoglobin composite hydrogel for enzymatic catalysis in organic solvents (2011)

A graphene oxide/hemoglobin (GO/Hb) composite hydrogel was prepared for catalyzing a peroxidatic reaction in organic solvents with high yields, exceptional activity and stability.
Physical compatibility of 4% sodium citrate with selected antimicrobial agents (2010)

No evidence of incompatibility was observed when vancomycin 5 mg/ mL, vancomycin 10 mg/mL, daptomycin 5 mg/mL, gentamicin 2.4 mg/mL, tobramycin 2.4 mg/mL, or linezolid 1 mg/mL was mixed with 4% sodium citrate as might occur in an antimicrobial lock. Vancomycin 20 mg/mL mixed with 4% sodium citrate displayed spectrophotometric evidence of incompatibility.
Smoothest reflectance functions II Complete results (1990)

The study of the smoothest reflectance functions under a given illuminant is extended to the domain outside the principal domain. The functions are identically zero or unity on certain intervals determined by their tristimulus values. The domains of validity are obtained. There result 12 additional types of reflectance function. An algorithm for the generation of the most important ones from a practical point of view is described.