gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Preparation and Characterization of Some Pure Organobromosilanes (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Characterization of Some Pure OrganobromosilanesPatrick A. McCusker and Edward L. ReillyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 7, 1583–1585Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01103a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01103a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cells adapted to high NaCl have many DNA breaks and impaired DNA repair both in cell culture and <i>in vivo</i> (2004)

Acute exposure of cells in culture to high NaCl damages DNA and impairs its repair. However, after several hours of cell cycle arrest, cells multiply in the hypertonic medium. Here, we show that, although adapted cells proliferate rapidly and do not become apoptotic, they nevertheless contain numerous DNA breaks, which do not elicit a DNA damage response. Thus, in adapted cells, Mre11 exonuclease is mainly present in the cytoplasm, rather than nucleus, and histone H2AX and chk1 are not phosphorylated, as they normally would be in response to DNA damage. Also, the adapted cells are deficient in repair of luciferase reporter plasmids damaged by UV irradiation. On the other hand, the DNA damage response activates rapidly when the level of NaCl is reduced. Then, Mre11 moves into the nucleus, and H2AX and chk1 become phosphorylated. Renal inner medullary cells in vivo are normally exposed to a variable, but always high, level of NaCl. As with adapted cells in culture, inner medullary cells in normal mice exhibit numerous DNA breaks. These DNA breaks are rapidly repaired when the NaCl level is decreased by injection of the diuretic furosemide. Moreover, repair of DNA breaks induced by ionizing radiation is inhibited in the inner medulla. Histone H2AX does not become phosphorylated, and repair synthesis is not detectable in response to total body irradiation unless NaCl is lowered by furosemide. Thus, both in cell culture and in vivo, although cells adapt to high NaCl, their DNA is damaged and its repair is inhibited.
The Influence of Stamping Temperature on the Properties of a Glass Mat Thermoplastic Composite (1996)

The effect of varying the mold temperature on the mechanical properties of a stampable thermoplastic composite has been examined. A series of tensile, flexure and impact tests have shown that a distinct mold temperature dependency exists. This is most evident under impact loading conditions where it has been shown that the energy absorbing capacity of a material stamped at a low temperature is almost twenty-five percent lower than that of a similar composite molded at a much higher temperature. It is concluded that residual stresses resulting from the higher cooling rate may be in part responsible for this significant difference in impact resistance. It is also possible that greater damage occurred during the flow process in the lower temperature mold. A subsequent heat treatment cycle designed to simulate the passage of a component through a paint oven has been shown to improve quite significantly the energy absorbing capability of the material.
Distinct, autosomal recessive form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia segregating in an inbred Pakistani kindred (1998)

We describe a large inbred kindred from a remote area of Pakistan, comprising eight generations, with a distinct form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD). We evaluated 16 affected individuals: 11 males and 5 females. Analysis of the pedigree strongly suggests autosomal recessive inheritance, and consanguineous loops could account for all the affected individuals being homozygous for the abnormal allele. The clinical findings included short stature evident at birth, short bowed lower limbs, mild brachydactyly, kyphoscoliosis, an abnormal gait, enlarged knee joints, precocious osteoarthropathy, and normal intelligence. Radiographs demonstrated delayed epiphyseal ossification at the hips and knees, platyspondyly with irregular end plates and narrowed joint spaces, diffuse, early osteoarthritic changes, primarily in the spine and hands, and mild brachydactyly. Mild metaphyseal abnormalities were seen predominantly at hips and knees. This distinctive phenotype is distinct from other autosomal recessive forms of SEMD because of the mild degree of metaphyseal involvement, the type of brachydactyly, and the absence of loose joints or other clinical findings. Am. J. Med. Genet. 78:468–473, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
School Building Planning for Music and Drama (1959)

The author is head of the music department and chairman of the division of fine arts, Western Michigan University, Kalama- zoo, Michigan. He was chairman of the MENC committee which was responsible for the preparation of the book "Music Buildines. Rooms and Equipment," to which reference is made in the article.
Fundamental mechanisms of laser-induced damage in optical materials: today's state of understanding and problems (2013)

Theoretical models of laser-induced damage mechanisms in optical materials are reviewed: inclusion-initiated thermal explosion (extrinsic mechanism) and impact ionization and photoionization (intrinsic mechanisms). Different approaches to impact ionization theory based on quantum kinetic equation, Boltzman equations, and rate equations are briefly described. A relative contribution of impact ionization and photoionization predicted by these models at different laser pulse durations, including fs-range, are discussed and compared with available experimental data. Basing on an analysis of published theoretical and experimental results, a today’s state of understanding fundamental laser damage mechanisms is concluded.
L-Store: A Real-time OLTP and OLAP System (2016)

Arguably data is the new natural resource in the enterprise world with an unprecedented degree of proliferation. But to derive real-time actionable insights from the data, it is important to bridge the gap between managing the data that is being updated at a high velocity (i.e., OLTP) and analyzing a large volume of data (i.e., OLAP). However, there has been a divide where specialized solutions were often deployed to support either OLTP or OLAP workloads but not both; thus, limiting the analysis to stale and possibly irrelevant data. In this paper, we present Lineage-based Data Store (L-Store) that combines the real-time processing of transactional and analytical workloads within a single unified engine by introducing a novel lineage-based storage architecture. By exploiting the lineage, we develop a contention-free and lazy staging of columnar data from a write-optimized form (suitable for OLTP) into a read-optimized form (suitable for OLAP) in a transactionally consistent approach that also supports querying and retaining the current and historic data. Our working prototype of L-Store demonstrates its superiority compared to state-of-the-art approaches under a comprehensive experimental evaluation.
Fast-At: Fast Automatic Thumbnail Generation Using Deep Neural Networks (2017)

Fast-AT is an automatic thumbnail generation system based on deep neural networks. It is a fully-convolutional deep neural network, which learns specific filters for thumbnails of different sizes and aspect ratios. During inference, the appropriate filter is selected depending on the dimensions of the target thumbnail. Unlike most previous work, Fast-AT does not utilize saliency but addresses the problem directly. In addition, it eliminates the need to conduct region search over the saliency map. The model generalizes to thumbnails of different sizes including those with extreme aspect ratios and can generate thumbnails in real time. A data set of more than 70,000 thumbnail annotations was collected to train Fast-AT. We show competitive results in comparison to existing techniques.
Inclusion of piroxicam into beta-cyclodextrin by means of supercritical carbon dioxide: thermal, spectroscopic and physicochemical studies. (2000)

The preparation of a piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound using supercritical CO2 was investigated. The solubility piroxicam in supercritical CO2 was determined. The influence of the temperature, the pressure and the time of exposure on the inclusion rate were studied and a complete inclusion was achieved by keeping a physical mixture of piroxicam and beta-cyclodextrin (1:2.5 mol/mol) for 6 hours at 150 degrees C and 150 bar of CO2. This complex was characterised by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry. Supercritical carbon dioxide may prove to be a novel useful complexation method of non-polar drugs into beta-cyclodextrin.
How do protein kinases discriminate between serine/threonine and tyrosine? Structural insights from the insulin receptor protein‐tyrosine kinase (1995)

The eukaryotic protein kinases that directly phosphorylate proteins are divided into two major classes: those that phosphorylate tyrosine and those that phosphorylate serine and threonine. Until recently, the similarities between these two classes of enzymes, which now total more than 400, were based primarily on sequence alignments. A recent report of the structure of the kinase domain (IRK) of the insulin receptor protein-tyrosine kinase now allows the features of these two families to be compared at the structural level. We review here this first tyrosine-specific protein kinase structure, and compare and contrast it to the structure of the serine/threonine-specific cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Although the general fold of the polypeptide backbone is conserved as predicted, unique features at the IRK active site provide a basis for understanding the differences in specificity for the phosphate acceptor amino acid. The structure of this inactive, dephosphorylated protein-tyrosine kinase also defines for the first time how activation might be achieved.
Electroporation of Mycobacteria (2008)

High-efficiency transformation is a major limitation in the study of mycobacteria. The genus Mycobacterium can be difficult to transform; this is mainly caused by the thick and waxy cell wall but is compounded by the fact that most molecular techniques have been developed for distantly related species such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In spite of these obstacles, mycobacterial plasmids have been identified, and DNA transformation of many mycobacterial species has now been described. The most successful method for introducing DNA into mycobacteria is electroporation. Many parameters contribute to successful transformation; these include the species/strain, the nature of the transforming DNA, the selectable marker used, the growth medium, and the conditions for the electroporation pulse. Optimized methods for the transformation of both slow-grower and fast-grower are detailed here. Transformation efficiencies for different mycobacterial species and with various selectable markers are reported.
Hierarchical Autoregressive Image Models with Auxiliary Decoders (2019)

Autoregressive generative models of images tend to be biased towards capturing local structure, and as a result they often produce samples which are lacking in terms of large-scale coherence. To address this, we propose two methods to learn discrete representations of images which abstract away local detail. We show that autoregressive models conditioned on these representations can produce high-fidelity reconstructions of images, and that we can train autoregressive priors on these representations that produce samples with large-scale coherence. We can recursively apply the learning procedure, yielding a hierarchy of progressively more abstract image representations. We train hierarchical class-conditional autoregressive models on the ImageNet dataset and demonstrate that they are able to generate realistic images at resolutions of 128$\times$128 and 256$\times$256 pixels. We also perform a human evaluation study comparing our models with both adversarial and likelihood-based state-of-the-art generative models.
CO<sub>2</sub> foaming based on polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend and nanoclay (2007)

Abstract A poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and nanoclay composite was dispersed into polystyrene (PS) using a twin‐screw extruder. The mixture was then batch foamed with supercritical CO 2 . It was found that the cell density of foams based on the blend is higher than that based on the weight average of the two pure polymer components at the same foaming conditions. The cell size decreases and the cell density increases with the increase of the PMMA domain size. One explanation is that the large PMMA domains serve as a CO 2 reservoir and the nucleation in the PS phase is enhanced by the diffusion of CO 2 from the PMMA phase to the PS phase. Very small PMMA domains cannot function as a CO 2 reservoir, and so they are not able to facilitate the nucleation. A much higher cell density and smaller cell size were observed when nanoclay was located at the interface of the PMMA and the PS domains, serving as the heterogeneous nucleating agents. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:103–111, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of Fluorenone Units on the Property of Polyfluorene and Oligofluorene Derivatives:  Synthesis, Structure−Properties Relationship, and Electroluminescence (2006)

A series of well-defined 9,9'-dihexylfluorene-co-fluorenone copolymers with various fluorenone contents and a set of monodisperse oligofluorenes in the chain center have been developed through the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The structure−property relationships, especially the effect of fluorenone moieties on the photophysical and electroluminescent properties of these materials, are systematically investigated to elucidate the exact origin of the low-energy emission in polyfluorenes. On the basis of our substantial studies of the steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and PL decay dynamics of the fluorenone-containing oligomers and copolymers both in dilute solutions and in thin films, the origin of the controversial low-energy emission band might be due to the interaction between intrachain fluorenone moieties in polyfluorenes instead of the intermolecular aggregates or excimers. We further show that fluorene pentamer with a central fluorenone unit (oligomer 2) is more appropriate to represent the actual chromophore responsible for the green emission in the copolymers. The green emission of the copolymers in the solid states is well described by single-exponential decay and has a lifetime ranging from 4.21 to 8.15 ns, depending on fluorenone content. The substantially enhanced intensity of the green emission with increasing the intermolecular interaction in solid states results from the contribution of both the intramolecular and the more efficient intermolecular energy transfer from the fluorene segments to fluorenone moieties. We also find that the emission wavelength and the lifetime of the green emission for the copolymer with the lowest fluorenone content (PHF-FO0.1) in solid states are very similar to those of the emerging low-energy emission for poly(9,9'-dihexylfluorene) (PDHF) after high-temperature thermal annealing in air. Bright yellow electroluminescence (EL) is achieved from double-layer LEDs based on these materials with an emission peak of 540−579 nm that steadily red-shifted with increasing fluorenone contents. The better luminance and external quantum efficiencies are probably due to improved electron injection and carrier transporting as well as efficient charge trapping and recombination at the fluorenone sites.
Hepatitis B core antigen synthesised in <i>Escherichia coli</i>: its use for antibody screening in patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (1984)

Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) synthesised in Escherichia coli by recombinant DNA techniques was compared with HBcAg prepared from infected liver tissue. The two antigens were used in radioimmunoassays (RIA) to detect antibody to HBcAg (anti-HBc) in sera from patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Out of 2151 sera tested, 260 were anti-HBc positive with both HBcAg preparations but seven were positive with the liver-derived antigen alone. Reasons for these discrepant results are discussed. The slight loss of sensitivity of the anti-HBc RIA using E. coli HBcAg was not considered significant when compared with the potential advantages of a synthetic antigen. The presence of other hepatitis B markers in the 267 anti-HBc positive sera was determined: 25 contained HBsAg, 220 anti-HBs and, of the 22 that were HBsAg/anti-HBs negative, 12 contained anti-HBe. In the 10 remaining sera, anti-HBc was the only hepatitis B marker that could be found.
Time-Series Investigation of Anomalous CRC Error Patterns in Fiber Channel Arbitrated Loops. (2002)

A study was undertaken to investigate the origin of anomalous cyclic redundancy code (CRC) error measurements in an instrumented Fibre Channel (FC)-based Storage Area Network (SAN). Machine learning algorithms are being developed for fault detection and identification in FC loops. Macros that implement univariate and bivariate spectral decomposition techniques were employed to analyze time-series data recorded during a sequence of experiments conducted in a high-bandwidth laboratory SAN configuration. Digitized thermocouple readings from within the storage configuration were recorded in parallel with the CRC counts and were archived for off-line analysis. Results from spectral and crosscorrelation analyses led to the identification of a nonlinear, temperature-dependent phenomenon that produces serial correlation in the stochastic CRC counts, impacting false-alarm probabilities for proactive fault monitoring of enterprise computing networks. A major finding from this investigation is that the efficiency of machine learning techniques, in terms of sensitivity, robustness, and false alarm avoidance, can be enhanced by use of methods that accommodate serial correlation in CRC time series.
Investigations on Bi3+-Activated Phosphors (1968)

The fluorescence of a number of Bi3+ -activated phosphors is reported. Only host lattices containing a sublattice of large, trivalent cations are used, so that charge compensation of the activator is superfluous. The position of the broad emission band of these phosphors depends strongly on the host lattice and is found in the spectral region between 35 000 and 15 000 cm−1. The position of the absorption and excitation bands of the Bi3+ ion depends also on the host lattice but in a different way. The absorption and emission of those Bi3+- activated host lattices that absorb considerably in the ultraviolet region even without the activator are discussed. These materials probably do not contain simple Bi3+ centers.
A novel protein tyrosine phosphatase gene is mutated in progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Lafora type (EPM2) (1999)

Progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Lafora type or Lafora disease (EPM2; McKusick no. 254780) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by epilepsy, myoclonus, progressive neurological deterioration and glycogen-like intracellular inclusion bodies (Lafora bodies). A gene for EPM2 previously has been mapped to chromosome 6q23-q25 using linkage analysis and homozygosity mapping. Here we report the positional cloning of the 6q EPM2 gene. A microdeletion within the EPM2 critical region, present inhomozygosis in an affected individual, was found to disrupt a novel gene encoding a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase). The gene, denoted EPM2, presents alternative splicing in the 5' and 3' end regions. Mutational analysis revealed that EPM2 patients are homozygous for loss-of-function mutations in EPM2. These findings suggest that Lafora disease results from the mutational inactivation of a PTPase activity that may be important in the control of glycogen metabolism.
Relevance is in the eye and ear of the beholder: An example from populations with a neurological impairment (2001)

Describing problems of relevance in clinical populations has been a subject of interest for both theoreticians and clinicians. The argument that conversational relevance is a product of listener interpretation is supported in the present paper. Study 1 examines the topic-shifting profiles of a social worker in conversation with normal elderly participants as compared to her profiles in conversation with participants with dementia. Study 2 compares semantic segments in conversations between this same social worker and a normal adult and a traumatically brain-injured adult. Qualitative differences were found in Study 1 in the types of topic shifts used, the possible reasons for these shifts, and the context to which the shifts related. In Study 2, differences were found in the types of relationships between semantic segments and in the relative proportion of implicit and explicit segments. Support is given for considering conversational partners' roles in determining relevance.
Biological vascular grafts. (1999)

Biological bypass graft material has been used as an alternative to autogenous vein since the first lower extremity revascularization procedures were performed. Both immunogenicity and biodegradation can contribute to the failure of these grafts and must be addressed. Cryopreservation at ultralow temperatures (-196 degrees C) after pretreatment with dimethylsulfoxide has been successful in preserving viable vein graft endothelium. Both rejection and deterioration of the cellular elements may contribute to the relatively high failure rates. The umbilical vein graft has become an effective alternative to autogenous material. The glutaraldehyde tanning procedure increases tensile strength, masks antigenicity, and sterilizes the tissue. Recent results with excellent 5-year patency (67%) and cumulative limb salvage (80%) confirm the utility of this graft.
Vibration-Induced PM Noise in Oscillators and Its Suppression (2009)

Structure-borne vibration is routine for many applications, causing an increase in PM noise of oscillators that disables many systems. Therefore, it is very important to select components that show low phase changes under vibration in order to build a system with low vibration sensitivity. In this chapter, the acceleration sensitivity and its relation to PM noise of an oscillator is derived. Different techniques for measuring the PM noise level of components under vibration are also discussed. The acceleration sensitivity of several stateof-the-art microwave and optical components are measured. Results show that high-Q components are generally more sensitive to vibration. Finally, different passive and active techniques to suppress or cancel vibration-induced noise in these oscillators are also discussed. Results show that proper use of passive and active cancellation schemes can improve the acceleration sensitivity of an oscillator by several orders of magnitude.