gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Survey of Methods for Remote Heart Rate Detection From Frontal Face Videos (2018)

Remotely measuring physiological activity can provide substantial benefits for both the medical and the affective computing applications. Recent research has proposed different methodologies for the unobtrusive detection of heart rate (HR) using human face recordings. These methods are based on subtle color changes or motions of the face due to cardiovascular activities, which are invisible to human eyes but can be captured by digital cameras. Several approaches have been proposed such as signal processing and machine learning. However, these methods are compared with different datasets, and there is consequently no consensus on method performance. In this article, we describe and evaluate several methods defined in literature, from 2008 until present day, for the remote detection of HR using human face recordings. The general HR processing pipeline is divided into three stages: face video processing, face blood volume pulse (BVP) signal extraction, and HR computation. Approaches presented in the paper are classified and grouped according to each stage. At each stage, algorithms are analyzed and compared based on their performance using the public database MAHNOB-HCI. Results found in this article are limited on MAHNOB-HCI dataset. Results show that extracted face skin area contains more BVP information. Blind source separation and peak detection methods are more robust with head motions for estimating HR.
Immunological Features of the Non-Structural Proteins of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (2015)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is currently one of the most important viruses affecting the swine industry worldwide. Despite the large number of papers published each year, the participation of non-structural proteins (nsps) in the immune response is not completely clear. nsps have been involved in the host innate immune response, specifically, nsp1α/β, nsp2, nsp4 and nsp11 have been associated with the immunomodulation capability of the virus. To date, only participation by nsp1, nsp2, nsp4 and nsp7 in the humoral immune response has been reported, with the role of other nsps being overlooked. Furthermore, nsp1, nsp2, nsp5, nsp7 nsp9, nsp10, nsp11 have been implicated in the induction of IFN-γ and probably in the development of the cell-mediated immune response. This review discusses recent reports involving the participation of nsps in the modulation of the innate immune response and their role in the induction of both the humoral and cellular immune responses.
Thermionic emission including both space-charge and image forces (1989)

The net emission current for a uniform plane thermionic emitter is determined for a range of voltages, temperatures, and various values of the work function. Poisson’s equation is self-consistently solved, using numerical techniques, without any additional phenomenological assumptions. This work accurately specifies the net current in the transition region between space-charge-limited and temperature-limited emission, and we present the first determination of the shape of the interelectrode potential there. A comparison with earlier approximate techniques is also included.
Wideband noise characteristics of a lead-salt diode laser: possibility of quantum noise limited TDLAS performance (1989)

The wideband noise characteristics of a PbEuSe molecular beam epitaxy diode laser have been measured up to 500 MHz. The cutoff of the frequency dependent (1/f type) laser noise contribution was found to be 170 MHz for this particular laser. Above this cutoff frequency the photon shot noise dominates, as was demonstrated. A noise reduction of more than 2 orders of magnitude was observed in the shot noise limited domain when compared with the 1/f noise dominated region below 1 MHz. This finding indicates that a similar 2 orders of magnitude sensitivity improvement can be achieved in tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy when frequency modulation techniques are applied instead of the more conventional derivative modulation below 1 MHz.
Electronic structure of two-dimensional crystals from<i>ab initio</i>theory (2009)

We report on ab initio calculations of the two-dimensional systems ${\text{MoS}}_{2}$ and ${\text{NbSe}}_{2}$, which recently were synthesized. We find that two-dimensional ${\text{MoS}}_{2}$ is a semiconductor with a gap which is rather close to that of the three-dimensional analog, and that ${\text{NbSe}}_{2}$ is a metal, which is similar to the three-dimensional analog of this compound. We further computed the electronic structure of the two-dimensional hexagonal (graphene-like) lattices of Si and Ge and compared them with the electronic structure of graphene. It is found that the properties related to the Dirac cone do not appear in the case of two-dimensional hexagonal germanium, which is metallic, contrary to two-dimensional hexagonal silicon, also known as silicene, which has an electronic structure very similar to the one of graphene, making them possibly equivalent.
The Glucoamylase Signal Sequence Directs the Efficient Secretion of Human aI-Antitrypsin in Yeast Cells (1993)

Five different secretion vectors were constructed by varying the signal sequences and .alpha.-antitrypsin (.alpha.1-AT) a numan secretory protein, was produced from yeast cells. The signal sequences used are those of acid phosphatase (PH05) and .alpha.-factor (M f.alphal1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, glucoamylase (STA1) of Saccharomyces diastaticus, and human .alpha.1-AT. Four vectors directed the efficient secretion of .alpha.1-AT ito the culture media. The secretion vector carrying the glucoamylase signal sequence (pGAT11) showed the highest efficiency of secretion. About 70% of .alpha.1-AT produce dwere secreted into the media. The endo H treatment of partially purified .alpha.1-AT indicates that the secreted .alpha.1-AT appeared to be glycosylated. This glycosylation pattern was altered when amino acid substitution mutations were introduced at the three glycosylation sites of .alpha.-AT.
High-relative-dielectric-constant bismuth–niobium–oxide films prepared using Nb-rich precursor solution (2015)

Various ceramic materials have been developed for electronic devices. Bismuth–niobium–oxide (BNO) films prepared by a chemical solution deposition (CSD) method have the cubic pyrochlore phase, high relative dielectric constant, and low tangent loss (tan δ). We found that a BNO cubic pyrochlore crystal was Nb-rich, even though its pyrochlore formula is A2B2O7. The crystallization temperature of BNO increased with increasing Nb ratio. The relative dielectric constants of BNO films were related to the Nb ratio in the precursor solution. The dielectric constant of the BNO films was 250 when the Bi and Nb ratios in BNO precursor solutions were 4 and 6, respectively, and the sintering temperature was 600 °C. In addition, the tan δ was less than 0.01 at 1 kHz, which is higher than the reported values of BNO systems despite using the CSD method. These results show that the properties of BNO films prepared by the CSD method were associated with the Nb ratio in the precursor solution. Furthermore, the dielectric characteristics indicated that the Nb-rich BNO films have potential applications in electronic devices.
A Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Method for Detection of Human Enteric Viruses in Groundwater (2003)

Untreated groundwater is responsible for about half of the waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Human enteric viruses are thought to be leading etiological agents of many of these outbreaks, but there is relatively little information on the types and levels of viruses found in groundwater. To address this problem, monthly samples from 29 groundwater sites were analyzed for 1 year for enteroviruses, hepatitis A virus, Norwalk virus, reoviruses, and rotaviruses by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). A procedure with which to remove environmental RT-PCR inhibitors from groundwater samples was developed. The procedure allowed an average of 71 liters of the original groundwater to be assayed per RT-PCR, with an average virus recovery rate of 74%, based on seeded samples. Human enteric viruses were detected in 16% of the groundwater samples analyzed, with reoviruses being the most frequently detected virus group.
Control of home devices based on hand gestures (2015)

Human-machine interfaces are constantly evolving. Within this group, the interfaces based on natural gestures of users allow converting these movements into commands for a computer system without contacting any surface. This paper describes the architectural model of a system that addresses these interfaces to control home automation systems. An armband for gestural capture called MYO® is selected in this case. This device combines the measurement of electrical activity produced by the movement of forearm and hand muscles in order to detect the hand gesture, but it is also able to capture the orientation and rotation of the movement. Finally, a study is performed of its application.
Metalloantimalarials:  Targeting of <i>P. </i><i>f</i><i>alciparum</i> Strains with Novel Iron(III) and Gallium(III) Complexes of an Amine Phenol Ligand (2003)

Emergence of chloroquine (CQ)-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains necessitates discovery of potent and inexpensive antimalarial drugs. The high cost of new drugs negatively impacts their access and distribution in the regions of the world with scarce economic resources. While exploring structure-activity relationships, using gallium(III) as a surrogate marker for iron(III), we found cationic, and moderately hydrophobic, compounds, [[1,12-bis(2-hydroxy-3-ethyl-benzyl)-1,5,8,12-tetraazadodecane]metal(III)](+) (metal = Fe(III) and Ga(III); [Fe-3-Eadd](+), 3; [Ga-3-Eadd](+), 4), that possessed antimalarial activity. Crystal structure analyses revealed octahedral geometry for these complexes. The RP-HPLC analysis, after incubation in PBS or HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C for 3 days, detected only parental compounds thereby providing evidence for stability under physiological conditions. Both 3 and 4 demonstrated promising half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values of approximately 80 and 86 nM in the CQ-sensitive HB-3 line, respectively. However, both 3 and 4 were found to possess elevated IC(50) values of 2.5 and 0.8 microM, respectively, in the CQ-resistant Dd2 line, thus displaying preferential cytotoxicity toward the CQ-sensitive HB3 line. In cultured parasites, 3 and 4 targeted hemozoin formation. Thus, these compounds acted similarly to chloroquine with regard to action and resistance, despite the lack of structural similarity to quinolines. Finally, similarity in coordination chemistry, stability, and antimalarial cytotoxicity profiles indicated that gallium(III) ion can serve as a template for iron(III) in structure elucidation of active molecules in solution.
Timed compiled-code simulation of embedded software for performance analysis of SOC design (2002)

In this paper, a new timing generation method is proposed for the performance analysis of embedded software. The time stamp generation of I/O accesses is crucial to performance estimation and architecture exploration in the timed functional simulation, which simulates the whole design at a functional level with timing. A portable compiler is modified to generate time-deltas, which are the estimated cycle counts between two adjacent I/O accesses, by counting the cycles of the intermediate representation (IR) operations and using a machine description that contains information on a target processor. Since the proposed method is based on the machine-independent IR of a compiler, the method can be applied to various processors by changing the machine description. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in that the average estimation error is about 2% and the maximum speed-up over the corresponding instruction-set simulators is about 300 times. The proposed method is also verified in a timed functional simulation environment.
Prospects for Gravitational-Wave Observations of Neutron-Star Tidal Disruption in Neutron-Star–Black-Hole Binaries (2000)

For an inspiraling neutron-star-black-hole (NS-BH) binary, we estimate the gravity-wave frequency f(td) at the onset of NS tidal disruption. We model the NS as a tidally distorted, homogeneous, Newtonian ellipsoid on a circular, equatorial geodesic around a Kerr BH. We find that f(td) depends strongly on the NS radius R, and estimate that LIGO-II (ca. 2006-2008) might measure R to 15% precision at 140 Mpc ( approximately 1 event/yr under current estimates). This suggests that LIGO-II might extract valuable information about the NS equation of state from tidal-disruption waves.
Design and application of GaAs MESFET current mirror circuits (1990)

The paper presents a simple, high performance circuit for an inverting, voltage following current mirror suitable for gallium arsenide technology. Cascoding techniques are introduced to achieve accurate current ratios and low parasitic conductance elements. The applications of the current mirror in the design of high gain, fast settling operational amplifiers and in a differential to single ended convertor circuit are demonstrated.
Adenosine diphosphate ribosyl transferase responses to a standardized dose of hydrogen peroxide in the mononuclear leukocytes of patients with a diagnosis of cancer (1989)

Mononuclear leukocytes from 151 patients with cancer of various organs and from 467 apparently cancer-free individuals were exposed, in vitro, to H2O2 (100 microM) and the effects of the exposure on the activity of adenosine diphosphate ribosyl transferase (ADPRT) were determined. First, the reproducibility of this test procedure was established as satisfactory, by comparing the results of assays performed independently by two investigators, and by measuring ADPRT in cells from two individuals over a 9-week period. The test data were analyzed by multiple linear regression, and the correlation of cancer diagnosis, age, sex and smoking habits with ADPRT values was determined. The strongest correlate was cancer diagnosis. We considered categorizing ADPRT values as high and low, with a cut-off value that would substantially distinguish cancer from cancer-free individuals. When a cut-off value of 1200 c.p.m. TCA ppt [3H]NAD+/5 x 10(5) cells was applied to the complete test material, it was found that ADPRT values from cancer patients were more frequently below the cut-off than values from disease-free individuals: the relative risk estimate (odds ratio) was 13.8. When a similar analysis was done on values from lung cancer patients and smoking disease-free individuals, the odds ratio was 73.5. However, a cut-off value of 2000 c.p.m. TCA ppt [3H]NAD+/5 x 10(5) cells was most effective in distinguishing lung cancer patients (the largest cancer group, n = 96) from smoking non-cancer individuals: that value provided better sensitivity (85%) and specificity (81%) than other cut-off values tested in the range 1200-2000 c.p.m. Further, in the case of lung cancer, possible effects of anatomical site, and of staging and pathology on ADPRT values was analyzed by the chi-squared test: no significant associations were found. These data support the value of the ADPRT test in detecting early stage lung cancer regardless of location or pathological type.
Effects of Particle Size on Far Infrared Emission Properties of Tourmaline Superfine Powders (2010)

Tourmaline superfine powders with different particle sizes were prepared by grinding, superfine ball milling, and high-speed centrifugation. The powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic contact angle meter and tensiometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The results show that tourmaline powders exhibit improved far infrared emission properties as the particle size decreases. The increased surface free energy and proportion of the polar component are considered to play an important role for their properties. The spontaneous polarization is increased, and the dipole moment of tourmaline is stimulated to a high energy level more easily for the chemical bond vibration, so that the energy is apt to emit by transition. In the range of 2000-500 cm(-1), the emissivity values of the samples with D50 size of 2.67 microm and 0.2 microm are 0.973 and 0.991, respectively.
Application of data mining to customer profile analysis in the power electric industry (2003)

In Japan, the Revised Electric Utility Industry Law went into effect on March 21, 2000. The partial deregulation into the retail electric power supply sector means that electric power for extra-high voltage customers can now be supplied from companies other than the 10 major electric power companies (EPCos) and electricity rates charged to customers can be determined freely according to negotiations for the liberalized sector between these companies and their customers. Due to the introduction of this partial deregulation, the 10 EPCos have found it necessary to form customer strategies against new entrants, power producers and suppliers (PPSs). In other industries (such as retail trade) in which competition with smaller companies is fierce, it is indispensable to assess preferred customers yielding more profits and form marketing strategies (i.e., business intelligence) to strengthen relationships with these preferred customers by providing unique services. Even in the electric power industry, it is expected to become necessary to form the same marketing strategies as these unrelated industries in consideration of future fierce competition. In order to draw up marketing strategies, it is first indispensable to understand customers, that is, the analysis of customer data. Since the nature of electric power differs from the products that the retail trade business targets, it is necessary to carry out a type of customer data analysis that differs from the retail trade business. The authors explain an example of marketing method to establish customer strategies, using data mining technique based on customer profile data.
Microbiota-liver axis in hepatic disease (2013)

Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota, long appreciated to be a key determinant of intestinal inflammation, is also playing a key role in chronic inflammatory disease of the liver. Such studies have yielded a general central hypothesis whereby microbiota products activate the innate immune system to drive proinflammatory gene expression, thus promoting chronic inflammatory disease of the liver. This article reviews the background supporting this hypothesis, outlines how it can potentially explain classic and newly emerging epidemiological chronic inflammatory liver disease, and discusses potential therapeutic means to manipulate the microbiota so as to prevent and/or treat liver disease.
Identification of Novel Alleles of the Rice Blast-Resistance Gene Pi9 through Sequence-Based Allele Mining (2020)

The thirteen novel Pi9 alleles identified in this study expand the list of available of blast-resistance alleles. Seven tandem-repeat regions of the Pi2/Pi9 locus from different donors were characterized as broad-spectrum rice blast-resistance fragments; these donors enrich the genetic resources available for rice blast-resistance breeding programs.
[Symptoms and signs of benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH)]. (1993)

Clinical characteristics of BPH were investigated in the relationship among prostate volume estimated by transrectal sonography, symptoms by questionnaire, residual urine volume, and voiding force evaluated by uroflowmetry. There was no apparent relationship among them, which might be caused by the poor reproducibility of residual urine volume, the difficult enumeration of the symptoms, contamination of other diseases of which voiding disorder is correlated with aging and other unknown factors. Under such a situation, this disease should be treated as a BPH syndrome. Moreover we propose that BPH syndrome should be classified into three types; type 1: symptomatic BPH without enlarged prostate, type 2: asymptomatic BPH with enlarged prostate and type 3: symptomatic BPH with enlarged prostate.
Transforming Growth Factor β1 Ameliorates Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Disruption by<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>In Vitro in the Absence of Mucosal T Lymphocytes (2000)

Exposure to oocysts of the protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum causes intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction in vivo and in vitro, but effective means by which mucosal injury might be prevented remain unclear. We examined the ability of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1)-a cytokine synthesized and released by cells in the intestine-to preserve the barrier function of human colonic epithelia when challenged with C. parvum oocysts and then studied the mechanisms involved. Epithelial barrier function was monitored electrophysiologically, receptors for TGF-beta1 were localized by confocal microscopy, and TGF-beta1-induced protein kinase C activation was detected intracellularly by translocation of its alpha isozyme. TGF-beta1 alone enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier function, while exposure to C. parvum oocysts (> or =10(5)/monolayer) markedly reduced barrier function to < or =40% of that of the control. When epithelial monolayers were pretreated with TGF-beta1 at 5.0 ng/ml, the barrier-disrupting effect of C. parvum oocysts was almost completely abrogated for 96 h. Further investigation showed that (i) the RI and RII receptors for TGF-beta1 were present on 55 and 65% of human epithelial cell line cells, respectively, over a 1-log-unit range of receptor protein expression, as shown by flow cytometry and confirmed by confocal microscopy; (ii) only basolateral and not apical TGF-beta1 exposure of the polarized epithelial monolayer resulted in a protective effect; and (iii) TGF-beta1 had no direct effect on the organism in reducing its tissue-disruptive effects. In exploring mechanisms to account for the barrier-preserving effects of TGF-beta1 on epithelium, we found that the protein kinase C pathway was activated, as shown by translocation of its 80-kDa alpha isozyme within 30 s of epithelial exposure to TGF-beta1; the permeability of epithelial monolayers to passage of macromolecules was reduced by 42% with TGF-beta1, even in the face of active protozoal infection; and epithelial cell necrosis monitored by lactate dehydrogenase release was decreased by 50% 70 h after oocyst exposure. Changes in epithelial function, initiated through an established set of surface receptors, likely accounts for the remarkable barrier-sparing effect of nanogram-per-milliliter concentrations of TGF-beta1 when human colonic epithelium is exposed to an important human pathogen, C. parvum.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Pyrrolylethanoneamine Derivatives, a Novel Class of Monoamine Oxidases Inhibitors (2005)

Pyrrolylethanoneamines 1-12, 18-23 and related amino alcohols 13-15, 24-27 were synthesized and tested against monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B) enzymes. In general, aminoketones 1-12, 18-23 were found to be potent and selective MAO-A inhibitors. In particular, 18 was more potent and selective against the MAO-A isoenzyme than reference drugs. Interestingly, amino alcohol 25 selectively inhibited MAO-B enzyme and could be a lead compound for designing more potent and selective MAO-B inhibitors.
Interprocessor communication in systems with distributed control (1977)

A multiprocessor communication technique, called Sub-Module Interface (SMI) because it enables exchange of information between telephony control units (submodules), was developed for a telephony switching system, thus realizing a distributed control philosophy. In addition to allowing any processor to communicate with any other processor in the system, a variety of devices attached to the SMI can also be accessed by the processors. This paper explains the philosophy and operation of this technique and, based on previous common control concepts in telephony, certain conflicts between these philosophies are noted.