gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OTIC CAPSULE AND MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH OF THE 29 MM. (CROWN-RUMP) HUMAN EMBRYO (1938)

This report is one in a projected group dealing chiefly with the development of the cartilaginous otic capsule and the contained membranous labyrinth in human embryos. It will ultimately include a complete study of these parts in embryos of 17.5, 22.8, 29 and 40 mm.<sup>1</sup>length. The importance of information concerning the cartilaginous capsule in certain other investigations of the human ear now being conducted by the department of otolaryngology and anatomy occasioned the selection of the current problem as a fundamental one. The 29 mm. (crownrump) embryo was chosen as the first subject since, from the work of Schönemann<sup>2</sup>(1904), Streeter<sup>3</sup>(1906) and Macklin<sup>4</sup>(1921), it was evident that this stage represents a crucial one in the development of the capsule and the labyrinth, one in which the ground plan of the adult structures is already established. <h3>MATERIAL AND METHODS</h3> The reconstructions described and figured in this paper were
Detection of Grid Voltage Fundamental and Harmonic Components Using Kalman Filter and Generalized Averaging Method (2015)

The proper operation of single-phase and three-phase grid-connected power converters depends on the synchronization with utility networks. The major challenge of the synchronization is how to quickly and precisely extract the ac signal and fundamental positive sequence in single- and three-phase power systems, respectively. This paper proposes a new detection technique based on a modified Kalman filter and the generalized averaging method. The method has an open-loop structure, and uses the orthogonal signals which are obtained directly from the Kalman filter. The resulted detection system is very simple and robust even in the presence of power quality disturbances, such as voltage imbalance, harmonics, and voltage fluctuations. The proposed technique can detect the fundamental and harmonics frequencies within or less than half a cycle in all situations, such as small and considerable frequency variations. Meanwhile, the method guarantees the zero steady-state error in complicated harmonic scenarios, including all typical single-phase and three-phase harmonics. Various case studies are assessed and the performance of the proposed detection method is verified by experiments.
Recent advances in plant cell wall proteomics (2008)

The plant extracellular matrix contains typical polysaccharides such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins that interact to form dense interwoven networks. Plant cell walls play crucial roles during development and constitute the first barrier of defense against invading pathogens. Cell wall proteomics has greatly contributed to the description of the protein content of a compartment specific to plants. Around 400 cell wall proteins (CWPs) of Arabidopsis, representing about one fourth of its estimated cell wall proteome, have been described. The main points to note are that: (i) the diversity of enzymes acting on polysaccharides suggests a great plasticity of cell walls; (ii) CWPs such as proteases, polysaccharide hydrolytic enzymes, and lipases may contribute to the generation of signals; (iii) proteins of unknown functions were identified, suggesting new roles for cell walls. Recently, the characterization of PTMs such as N- and O-glycosylations improved our knowledge of CWP structure. The presence of many glycoside hydrolases and proteases suggests a complex regulation of CWPs involving various types of post-translational events. The first 3-D structures to be resolved gave clues about the interactions between CWPs, or between CWPs and polysaccharides. Future work should include: extracting and identifying CWPs still recalcitrant to proteomics, describing the cell wall interactome, improving quantification, and unraveling the roles of each of the CWPs.
Systems engineering approach to integrated diagnostics requirements (2009)

Establishing comprehensive requirements for integrated diagnostics both onboard and off-board the aircraft is vital to providing a supportable weapon system. Each user group takes advantage of integrated diagnostics to fulfill their roles and responsibilities. Aircrew utilize Built-In-Test (BIT) to monitor the health of the aircraft for mission accomplishment; maintainers interpret diagnostic indications to service and repair the aircraft; and engineers examine the diagnostics information to conduct root cause analysis and perform engineering investigations of various failure modes. Standardizing health and usage data across aircraft platforms allows common tools to process the data for each group's needs eliminating stovepipe systems for each aircraft type.
Androgen Receptor-Target Genes in African American Prostate Cancer Disparities (2013)

The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (PCa) are higher in African American (AA) compared to Caucasian American (CA) men. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying PCa disparities, we employed an integrative approach combining gene expression profiling and pathway and promoter analyses to investigate differential transcriptomes and deregulated signaling pathways in AA versus CA cancers. A comparison of AA and CA PCa specimens identified 1,188 differentially expressed genes. Interestingly, these transcriptional differences were overrepresented in signaling pathways that converged on the androgen receptor (AR), suggesting that the AR may be a unifying oncogenic theme in AA PCa. Gene promoter analysis revealed that 382 out of 1,188 genes contained cis-acting AR-binding sequences. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed STAT1, RHOA, ITGB5, MAPKAPK2, CSNK2A,1 and PIK3CB genes as novel AR targets in PCa disparities. Moreover, functional screens revealed that androgen-stimulated AR binding and upregulation of RHOA, ITGB5, and PIK3CB genes were associated with increased invasive activity of AA PCa cells, as siRNA-mediated knockdown of each gene caused a loss of androgen-stimulated invasion. In summation, our findings demonstrate that transcriptional changes have preferentially occurred in multiple signaling pathways converging ("transcriptional convergence") on AR signaling, thereby contributing to AR-target gene activation and PCa aggressiveness in AAs.
Ageing and vascular ageing (2006)

There is an age related decline in various physiological processes. Vascular ageing is associated with changes in the mechanical and the structural properties of the vascular wall, which leads to the loss of arterial elasticity and reduced arterial compliance. Arterial compliance can be measured by different parameters like pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and systemic arterial compliance. There is evidence that arterial compliance is reduced in disease states such as hypertension, diabetes, and end stage renal failure. Changes in arterial compliance can be present before the clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures have been shown to improve arterial compliance. Arterial compliance may constitute an early cardiovascular risk marker and may be useful in assessing the effects of drugs on the cardiovascular system. Pharmacogenetics and genetics of arterial compliance in the future will improve our knowledge and understanding about vascular ageing.
Study on pricing strategy of hybrid distribution channels of Cruise Companies (2014)

With the development of E-commerce, many cruise companies reconstruct their distribution channels by adding the electronic direct marketing system. This paper researches the product pricing problems of cruise companies based on hybrid distribution channels, discusses a manufacture-leader Stackberg game model and a Bertrand game model, and gives equilibrium results of pricing game between cruise companies and distributors. By comparing the equilibrium prices and the profit gains using the different pricing strategies, the most superior pricing strategies under different wholesale price range are proposed.
Bitter tastants induce relaxation of rat thoracic aorta precontracted with high K<sup>+</sup> (2014)

It has been reported that bitter tastants decrease blood pressure and relax precontracted vascular smooth muscle. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism underlying the vasorelaxant effect of the bitter tastants. Thoracic aortic rings were isolated from Wistar rats and contractions were measured using an isometric myograph. Intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) in single rat thoracic aortic smooth muscle cells was recorded by calcium imaging. Calcium currents in single cells were recorded using patch-clamp techniques. High K(+) (140 mmol/L) induced contractions in rat thoracic aortic rings that were inhibited by 3 mmol/L chloroquine, 3 mmol/L denatonium and 10 μmol/L nifedipine. In single rat thoracic aortic smooth muscle cells, high K(+) increased [Ca(2+)]i and this effect was also blocked by 3 mmol/L chloroquine and 10 μmol/L nifedipine. Under Ca(2+) -free conditions, high K(+) failed to induce contractions in rat thoracic aortic rings. On its own, chloroquine had no effect on the muscle tension of rat aortic rings and [Ca(2+) ]i. The vasorelaxant effects of chloroquine on precontracted rat thoracic aortic rings were not altered by either 1 μg/mL pertussis toxin (PTX), an inhibitor of Gαo/i-protein, or 1 mmol/L gallein, an inhibitor of Gβγ-protein. The results of patch-clamp analysis in single cells indicate that 1 mmol/L chloroquine blocks voltage-dependent L-type Ca(2+) channel (VDLCC) currents from both extracellular and intracellular sides. Together, the results indicate that chloroquine can block VDLCC, independent of PTX- and gallein-sensitive G-proteins, resulting in relaxation of high K(+)-precontracted thoracic aortic smooth muscle.
The genome of <i>Cyanothece</i> 51142, a unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium important in the marine nitrogen cycle (2008)

Unicellular cyanobacteria have recently been recognized for their contributions to nitrogen fixation in marine environments, a function previously thought to be filled mainly by filamentous cyanobacteria such as Trichodesmium. To begin a systems level analysis of the physiology of the unicellular N(2)-fixing microbes, we have sequenced to completion the genome of Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142, the first such organism. Cyanothece 51142 performs oxygenic photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, separating these two incompatible processes temporally within the same cell, while concomitantly accumulating metabolic products in inclusion bodies that are later mobilized as part of a robust diurnal cycle. The 5,460,377-bp Cyanothece 51142 genome has a unique arrangement of one large circular chromosome, four small plasmids, and one linear chromosome, the first report of a linear element in the genome of a photosynthetic bacterium. On the 429,701-bp linear chromosome is a cluster of genes for enzymes involved in pyruvate metabolism, suggesting an important role for the linear chromosome in fermentative processes. The annotation of the genome was significantly aided by simultaneous global proteomic studies of this organism. Compared with other nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, Cyanothece 51142 contains the largest intact contiguous cluster of nitrogen fixation-related genes. We discuss the implications of such an organization on the regulation of nitrogen fixation. The genome sequence provides important information regarding the ability of Cyanothece 51142 to accomplish metabolic compartmentalization and energy storage, as well as how a unicellular bacterium balances multiple, often incompatible, processes in a single cell.
Authentication Scheme using Biometrics in Intelligent Vehicle Network (2013)

현재 IT기술과 자동차기술을 융합한 지능형 자동차에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행중에 있으며 많은 새로운 서비스 모델들이 개발중에 있다. 지능형자동차에 대한 개발이 활발하게 이루어지면서 무선 네트워크를 이용한 다양한 서비스가 제공이 되고 있다. 이러한 지능형 자동차가 무선 네트워크를 이용한 서비스가 제동되면서 다양한 보안위협 요소가 도출되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 지능형 자동차의 외부에서 네트워크에 침입하여 지능형자동차의 보안위협 요소를 분석하고 지능형 자동차의 보안 솔루션의 인증 모델에 대한 기법을 제공하고자 한다. 인증 모델의 경우 신체의 고유성을 식별할 수 있는 생체인식을 이용한 인증기법을 제안한다. Studies on the intelligent vehicles that are fused with IT and intelligent vehicle technologies are currently under active discussion. And many new service models for them are being developed. As intelligent vehicles are being actively developed, a variety of wireless services are support. As such intelligent vehicles use wireless network, they are exposed to the diverse sources of security risk. This paper aims to examine the factors to threaten intelligent vehicle, which are usually intruded through network system and propose the security solution using biometric authentication technique. The proposed security system employs biometric authentication technique model that can distinguish the physical characteristics of user.
Distributed Ledger Privacy: Ring Signatures, Möbius and CryptoNote (2019)

Distributed ledger and blockchain systems are expected to make financial systems easier to audit, reduce counter-party risk and transfer assets seamlessly. The key concept is a token controlled by a cryptographic private key for spending, and represented by a public key for receiving and audit purposes. Ownership transfers are authorized with digital signatures and recorded on a ledger visible to numerous participants. Several ways to enhance the privacy of such ledgers have been proposed. In this paper we study two major techniques to enhance privacy of token transfers with the help of improved cryptography: Möbius and CryptoNote. The comparison is illuminating: both techniques use "ring signatures" and some form of "stealth addressing" or key derivation techniques, yet each does it in a completely different way. Möbius is more recent and operates in a more co-operative way (with permission) and is not yet specified at a sufficiently detailed level. Our primary goal is to explore the suitability of these two techniques for improving the privacy of payments on cryptographic ledgers. We explain various conflicting requirements and strategic choices which arise when trying to conceal the identity of participants and the exact details of transactions in our context while simultaneously enabling fast final settlement of tokens with a reasonable level of liquidity. We show that in these systems, third-party observers see obfuscated settlement. We finish with a summary of explicit warnings and advice for implementors of such systems.
Polaron‐induced conformation change in single polypyrrole chain: An intrinsic actuation mechanism (2005)

Abstract Ab initio calculations show that a neutral polypyrrole chain in the ground state assumes a helical shape resulting from a novel bending mechanism, while upon oxidation the chain becomes planar within the polarons, an effect due to enhanced inter‐ring π bonding. This polaron‐induced conformation change leads to an intrinsic potential for inducing macroscopic strains in the single chain, with implications for further theoretical studies and experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
In vivo binding properties of SH2 domains from GTPase-activating protein and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (1993)

We have used a transient expression system and mutant platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors to study the binding specificities of the Src homology 2 (SH2) regions of the Ras GTPase-activator protein (GAP) and the p85 alpha subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 kinase). A number of fusion proteins, each tagged with an epitope allowing recognition by a monoclonal antibody, were expressed at levels comparable to those of endogenous GAP. Fusion proteins containing the central SH2-SH3-SH2 region of GAP or the C-terminal region of p85 alpha, which includes two SH2 domains, bound to PDGF receptors in response to PDGF stimulation. Both fusion proteins showed the same requirements for tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the PDGF receptor as the full-length proteins from which they were derived, i.e., binding of the GAP fusion protein was reduced by mutation of Tyr-771, and binding of the p85 fusion protein was reduced by mutation of Tyr-740, Tyr-751, or both residues. Fusion proteins containing single SH2 domains from either GAP or p85 alpha did not bind detectably to PDGF receptors in this system, suggesting that two SH2 domains in a single polypeptide cooperate to raise the affinity of binding. The sequence specificities of individual SH2 domains were deduced from the binding properties of fusion proteins containing one SH2 domain from GAP and another from p85. The results suggest that the C-terminal GAP SH2 domain specifies binding to Tyr-771, the C-terminal p85 alpha SH2 domain binds to either Tyr-740 or Tyr-751, and each protein's N-terminal SH2 domain binds to unidentified phosphorylation sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Role of gas phase reactions in subatmospheric chemical-vapor deposition ozone/TEOS processes for oxide deposition (1996)

Deposition rates, wet etch rates, and thickness uniformity experiments were performed using O3/TEOS thermal chemical-vapor deposition. Our results for oxide deposition show optimum process window around 200 Torr for producing films of good quality (uniformity and material properties). This is in excellent agreement with the modeling predictions over a broad range of pressure (100–600 Torr) and temperature (370–470 °C). The model invokes both gas phase and surface reaction mechanisms. The former is needed to produce deposition precursors and leads to an observed increase-maximum-decrease dependence on the deposition pressure; this decrease is associated with a competing (parasitic) role of gas phase reactions. Our experiments identify particle formation at higher pressures which is consistent with the expected dual role of gas phase reaction in generating (1) required deposition precursors and (2) particulates in the gas phase under some conditions.
Thermal stability of 5 nm barrier InAlN/GaN HEMTs (2007)

In this paper, the properties of 5 nm barrier HEMT devices has been investigated in a temperature ramping experiment as used for AlGaN/GaN devices. The pinch-off voltage remains identical and the Schottky diode leakage only marginally increased. The ohmic contacts, which have been alloyed at 850 degC by RTA show also exceptional stability. The initial alloying cycle still kept the alloy front just out of reach for high tunnelling probability. It has been moved within this distance in a very controlled way, however without degrading the contact resistance by the 1000 degC post alloying cycle. In conclusion, the InAlN/GaN heterojunction is exceptionally stable even for barrier thicknesses below 10 nm. Experiments for barrier thicknesses of approx. 2.5 nm (verified by a pinch-off voltage of -0.8 V) are presently performed and results will be reported.
Selenium–Platinum Coordination Compounds as Novel Anticancer Drugs: Selectively Killing Cancer Cells via a Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)‐Mediated Apoptosis Route (2014)

We report the preparation of selenium-containing platinum-based anticancer drug EG-Se/Pt. EG-Se/Pt was obtained from the coordination of selenium-containing molecules (EG-Se) with cisplatin (CDDP). The structure of EG-Se/Pt was characterized by (1) H and (77) Se NMR spectroscopy, XPS, ESI-MS, and MALDI-TOF. In aqueous solution, EG-Se/Pt self-assembles to form spherical aggregates. EG-Se/Pt shows enhanced stability against dilution and high salt concentration compared with EG-Se. EG-Se/Pt induces cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to high selectivity between cancer cells and normal cells in cytotoxicity assays. More importantly, EG-Se/Pt effectively inhibits tumor growth in vivo in tumor-bearing mice. It is anticipated that tuning the ROS level through the assembly of selenium-containing molecules can be a general method to realize anticancer selectivity.
Copper-catalyzed autoxidation of carbohydrazide: kinetics and mechanism (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopper-catalyzed autoxidation of carbohydrazide: kinetics and mechanismDavid R. Cosper and David J. KowalskiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 7, 1130–1136Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00103a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00103a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hardware-Accelerated Visualization of Time-Varying 2D and 3D Vector Fields by Texture Advection via Programmable Per-Pixel Operations (2001)

We present hardware-accelerated texture advection techniques to visualize the motion of particles in steady or time-varying vector fields given on Cartesian grids. We propose an implementation of 2D texture advection which exploits advanced and programmable texture fetch and per-pixel blending operations on an nVidia GeForce 3. For 3D vector field visualization, we present an algorithm for SGI&apos;s VPro, based on pixel textures and 3D textures. Moreover, we sketch how 3D texture advection could be implemented on future graphics boards that provide programmable fetch operations for 3D textures. Since all implementations exclusively use graphics hardware without intermediate data transfer to main memory, extremely high frame rates are achieved, e.g., up to 90 frames per second for advecting a calculatory number of one million particles in a 2D flow. The proposed techniques are especially useful for the interactive visualization of vector fields. 1