gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A RADIOIODINATED AZO DYE WITH AFFINITY FOR AMYLOID: A PRELIMINARY REPORT. (1964)

Investigation was undertaken to produce a radioactive material with affinity for amyloid tissue. Studies of a number of major dyes using paraffin histological sections of an amyloid spleen as test material showed that the only compounds with marked affinity for amyloid were watersoluble disazo dyes of the type E<--D-->E, where D is usually benzidine, o-tolidine or o-dianisidine, and E is a naphthol or aminonaphthol sulfonic acid. Substitution of an amino or a hydroxyl group in position 1 of the naphthalene nucleus caused loss of staining affinity. It was found that trypan blue could be radioiodinated at position 8 using the Sandmeyer reaction, and the labelled dye showed excellent staining and radioautographs of the test amyloid section. Metabolism of the tagged dye using 10-200 mug./kg. in animals showed minimal organ uptake, except for the liver which accumulated 30-40% of the injected dose by the end of four days. Use of this material in the diagnosis of human amyloid disease is being explored.
Photovoltaic cells and photodetectors made with semiconductor polymers: recent progress (2000)

In this presentation, we discuss recent progress on polymer photovoltaic cells and polymer photodetectors. By improving the fill-factor of polymer photovoltaic cells, the energy conversion efficiency was improved significantly to over 4 percent. Such high efficiency polymer photovoltaic cells are promising for many applications including e-papers, e-books and smart-windows. Polymer photodetectors with similar device configuration show high photosensitivity, low dark current, large dynamic range, linear intensity dependence, low noise level and fast response time. These parameters are comparable to or even better than their inorganic counterparts. The advantages of low manufacturing cost, large detection area, and easy hybridization and integration with other electronic or optical components make them promising for a variety of applications including chemical/biomedical analysis, full-color digital image sensing and high energy radiation detection.
Estimation of the differential pressure at renal artery stenoses (2004)

Atherosclerotic disease of the renal artery can lead to reduction in arterial caliber and ultimately to conditions including renovascular hypertension. Renal artery stenosis is conventionally assessed, using angiography, according to the severity of the stenosis. However, the severity of a stenosis is not a reliable indicator of functional significance, or associated differential pressure, of a stenosis. A methodology is proposed for estimation of the renal artery differential pressure (RADP) from MR imaging. Realistic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are constructed from MR angiography (MRA) and phase-contrast (PC) MR. The CFD model is constructed in a semiautomated manner from the MR images using the Isosurface Deformable Model (IDM) for surface reconstruction and a Marching Front algorithm for construction of the volumetric CFD mesh. Validation of RADP estimation was performed in a realistic physical flow-through model. Under steady flow, the CFD estimate of the differential pressure across a stenosis in the physical flow-through model differed by an average of 5.5 mmHg from transducer measurements of the pressure differential, for differential pressures less than 60 mmHg. These results demonstrate that accurate estimates of differential pressure at stenoses may be possible based only on structural and flow images.
Catalytic Cracking of Linear Paraffins:  Effects of Chain Length (1997)

The influence of chain length on cracking reactions of linear paraffins on acid catalysts has been examined. Whether studied as individual reactants, as components of simple mixtures of paraffins, or as minor constituents of complex industrial FCCU feedstocks, increasing chain length of n-paraffins is associated with increasing cracking reactivity. This increase in reactivity cannot be accounted for solely by considering the increase in the number of carbon atoms or the number of crackable bonds in the molecular structure. However, by simultaneously taking into account adsorption phenomena and crackable bonds, good correlations between observed rates and predicted behavior are obtained, both for cracking of individual paraffins and for components of simple paraffin mixtures. Reasonable correlations are also observed for cracking rates of linear paraffins as components of industrial FCCU feedstocks. The presence of other components in the feed can influence the crackability of linear paraffins but does not have a major influence on the relative cracking rates of linear paraffins due to chain-length effects.
Serotonin and Octopamine in the Nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (1982)

The biogenic amines serotonin and octopamine are present in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Serotonin, detected histochemically in whole mounts, is localized in two pharyngeal neurons that appear to be neurosecretory. Octopamine, identified radioenzymatically in crude extracts, probably is also localized in a few neurons. Exogenous serotonin and octopamine elicit specific and opposite behavioral responses in Caenorhabditis elegans, suggesting that these compounds function physiologically as antagonists.
Data reduction using cubic rational B-splines (1992)

A geometric method for fitting rational cubic B-spline curves to data representing smooth curves, such as intersection curves or silhouette lines, is presented. The algorithm relies on the convex hull and on the variation diminishing properties of Bezier/B-spline curves. It is shown that the algorithm delivers fitting curves that approximate the data with high accuracy even in cases with large tolerances. The ways in which the algorithm computes the end tangent magnitudes and inner control points, fits cubic curves through intermediate points, checks the approximate error, obtains optimal segmentation using binary search, and obtains appropriate final curve form are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optofluidic Distributed Feedback Dye Lasers (2007)

We review our recent work on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based optofluidic dye lasers using a guided wave distributed feedback (DFB) cavity. We show experimental results of single-mode operation, an integrated laser array, multiple color dye lasing, mechanical and fluidic tuning, and monolithic integration with microfluidic circuits. Potential applications and future directions are discussed
Development of Dirhodium(II)-Catalyzed Generation and Enantioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Carbonyl Ylides (2001)

Catalytic, enantioselective, tandem carbonyl ylide formation/cycloaddition of 2-diazo-3,6-diketoester 2 with the use of dirhodium tetrakiscarboxylate and tetrakisbinaphtholphosphate catalysts to give the cycloadducts 3 in good yields and up to 90% ee is described.
In Vivo Neutrophil Dysfunction in Cirrhotic Patients with Advanced Liver Disease (2000)

Bacterial infections are frequent, life-threatening complications in cirrhotic patients. This study investigated in vivo neutrophil migration and phagocytic activity in cirrhotic patients with advanced liver disease, in liver transplant recipients, and in healthy volunteers, by use of the skin window technique. Complement receptor type III (CR3) expression was also measured in blood and elicited neutrophils. Neutrophil migration to skin windows and neutrophil in vivo phagocytosis of heat-killed Escherichia coli were significantly decreased in cirrhotic patients compared with healthy controls. Neutrophil migration and phagocytosis were decreased in cirrhotic patients with previous episodes of bacterial infection compared with noninfected patients. Expression of CR3 in circulating neutrophils was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients, whereas it was significantly reduced in elicited neutrophils of cirrhotic patients with previous bacterial infection. These data suggest that deficient neutrophil recruitment to the infection site and impaired phagocytic activity may contribute to bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with advanced liver disease.
Comparison and Characterization of Android-Based Fall Detection Systems (2014)

Falls are a foremost source of injuries and hospitalization for seniors. The adoption of automatic fall detection mechanisms can noticeably reduce the response time of the medical staff or caregivers when a fall takes place. Smartphones are being increasingly proposed as wearable, cost-effective and not-intrusive systems for fall detection. The exploitation of smartphones' potential (and in particular, the Android Operating System) can benefit from the wide implantation, the growing computational capabilities and the diversity of communication interfaces and embedded sensors of these personal devices. After revising the state-of-the-art on this matter, this study develops an experimental testbed to assess the performance of different fall detection algorithms that ground their decisions on the analysis of the inertial data registered by the accelerometer of the smartphone. Results obtained in a real testbed with diverse individuals indicate that the accuracy of the accelerometry-based techniques to identify the falls depends strongly on the fall pattern. The performed tests also show the difficulty to set detection acceleration thresholds that allow achieving a good trade-off between false negatives (falls that remain unnoticed) and false positives (conventional movements that are erroneously classified as falls). In any case, the study of the evolution of the battery drain reveals that the extra power consumption introduced by the Android monitoring applications cannot be neglected when evaluating the autonomy and even the viability of fall detection systems.
Bioavailability study of a new amoxicillin tablet designed for several modes of oral administration. (1987)

A new tablet of amoxicillin (Flemoxin solutab) has been formulated with galenic properties which allow it to be taken as a tablet, either swallowed, chewed or sucked, or to be taken after dispersion in water. This study was undertaken to compare the bioavailability of the new tablet (swallowed as such, or after dispersion) with a commercially available amoxicillin capsule and, for purposes of internal reference, with a Flemoxin forte suspension. Each formulation was administered to 12 volunteers according to a repeated 4 X 4 latin square design. Statistical analysis revealed that the tablet and suspension formulations tested gave significantly higher maximum plasma levels, occurring significantly faster after intake, when compared to the capsule. Furthermore, the new tablet showed a statistically significantly greater area under the plasma concentration-time curve with a highly predictable absorption when compared to the capsule. The method of intake of the new tablet appeared to be of no relevance with respect to the observed bioavailability.
The oxidation of molybdenum sulphide concentrate with water vapour Part 1 – Thermodynamic aspects (2007)

AbstractAbstractThermodynamic analyses performed in the present work show that the process of the water vapour oxidation of molybdenum sulphide concentrates can be efficient. The calculations indicate a temperature of 900–1000°C and a mass ratio of water vapour to concentrate (H2O/MoS2) of 6–8 as the optimum conditions for complete desulphurisation of molybdenum concentrate with the recovery of entire molybdenum and rhenium in the solid product and selenium and tellurium in the gas phase.Keywords: MOLYBDENUM SULPHIDEMDYBDENUM OXIDERHENIUMSELENIUMOXIDATION BY WATER VAPOURDESULPHURISATIONTHERMODYNAMICS
Utilization of Oxidation Products of Lignite (1956)

従来石炭を原料として化学工業製品を製造する場合には, その原料炭を加熱して乾溜するか, 或いはガス化して後種々の化学反応を行わしめて作られていると考えるのが常道である。しかるに筆者は比較的若年炭である亜炭などを酸化してさらに加工して得た物質が液-固-液三相連続の膠状液の解膠乳化分散剤として優れた性能を有することを発見し, 石油鑿井の循環泥水並にセメントスラリーに応用して良好な効果を牧めた。なおこの物質が粘土質などの微粒子の分散遅硬剤としてセメント製造, 泥漿の操作, 陶磁器類の製造2鉱山における選鉱の際の重液の粘性降下剤或は肥料として土質改良剤, 有機酸性物質なる故に配合肥料調合原料などとしてきわめて有効なることを発見し, この研究を企業化することに成功し小規模乍ら工業生産を開始した。需めに応じてここにその一端を紹介するものである。なお本研究は帝国石油株式会社技術研究所および通商産業省工業技術院資源技術試験所にて研究し蓄積された幾多の試験結果に因るもので両研究所の研究員各位に深く感謝の意を表するものである。
POTENTIAL OF UV-VISIBLE ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY FOR CHARACTERIZING CRUDE PETROLEUM OILS (2007)

New experimental data as well as analysis of published databases show that the potential of UV-Visible absorption (UVVA) spectroscopy for classification/evaluation of petroleum may be strongly underestimated. Even the simplest “coloration ” approach, when monotonous UVVA spectra are characterized by a single numerical parameter, allows distinguishing various types of crude oils. Subjected to proper processing, apparently “featureless ” UVVA spectrum shows a multiple peak structure superimposed on a general monotonous background providing a basis for UVVA employment for compositional analysis of crude oils. The main practical problem is that generally crude oils are opaque and have to be diluted for UVVA analysis. Our experiments show that oil dilution may strongly affect the measured UVVA spectra apparently due to de-aggregation of asphaltenes in a solution. Further development of UVVA techniques requires better understanding of the nature/composition of asphaltenes. A useful approach may be consideration of “molecular diversity ” models, being developed for other systems with continuous UVVA spectra, in particular for humic acids and melanins
Shell rendering (1993)

A structure model for volume rendering, called a shell, is introduced. Roughly, a shell consists of a set of voxels in the vicinity of the structure boundary together with a number of attributes associated with the voxels in this set. By carefully choosing the attributes and storing the shell in a special data structure that allows random access to the voxels and their attributes, storage and computational requirements can be reduced drastically. Only the voxels that potentially contribute to the rendition actually enter into major computation. Instead of the commonly used ray-casting paradigm, voxel projection is used. This eliminates the need for render-time interpolation and further enhances the speed. By having one of the attributes as a boundary likelihood function that determines the most likely location of voxels in the shell to be on the structure boundary, surface-based measurements can be made. The shell concept, the data structure, the rendering and measurement algorithms, and examples drawn from medical imaging that illustrate these concepts are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Brightness independent 4-Star matching algorithm for lost-in-space 3-Axis attitude acquisition (2006)

A star identification algorithm was developed for a charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) autonomous star tracker to acquire 3-axis attitude information for a lost-in-space spacecraft. The algorithm took advantage of an efficient on-board database and an original “4-star matching” pattern recognition strategy to achieve fast and reliable star identification. The on-board database was composed of a brightness independent guide star catalog (mission catalog) and a K-vector star pair catalog. The star pattern recognition method involved direct location of star pair candidates and a simple array matching procedure. Tests of the algorithm with a CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) star tracker result in a 99.9% success rate for star identification for lost-in-space 3-axis attitude acquisition when the angular measurement accuracy of the star tracker is at least 0.010. The brightness independent algorithm requires relatively higher measurement accuracy of the star apparent positions that can be easily achieved by CCD or CMOS sensors along with subpixel centroiding techniques.
Synthetic array measurements of acoustical waves propagating into a water-saturated sandy bottom for a smoothed and a roughened interface (2000)

Measurements of acoustical waves propagating in an unconsolidated water-saturated porous medium that involved the use of a two-dimensional synthetic array technique are presented. From these measurements, wave-front propagation is evaluated using time domain, wave-number frequency and two-dimensional spatial analysis techniques. First, a synthetic array measurement is employed to study sound penetration for a "smoothed" interface condition. This smoothed interface measurement is then compared to an identical synthetic array measurement with a "roughened" interface. A comparison of the smoothed and roughened interface measurements shows enhanced bottom penetration at shallow grazing angles as a result of the roughened interface. At shallow grazing angles, this scattered pressure from the roughened interface has the appearance of a wave front in the water-saturated porous medium that has a virtual wave speed of approximately 1200 m/s. Slower compressional waves in the sandy bottom are not observed.
Evaluation of Marker‐Assisted Introgression of Yield QTL Alleles into Adapted Soybean (2001)

Genetic diversity is limited in southern elite soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Introgression of diverse alleles for yield may increase the rate of yield improvement. Beneficial yield alleles at three quantitative trait loci (QTL) from the northern cultivar Archer have been tagged with molecular markers. The objective of this research was to assess the value of the three Archer alleles for increased yield in southern environments and genetic backgrounds. Four sets of near isogenic lines (NIL) for each quantitative trait locus (QTL) were derived from heterozygous F 6 plants identified from the crosses of Archer × Asgrow A5403 and Archer × Pioneer 9641. The NIL sets were tested at four environments across 2 yr. Data was collected on yield, height, and maturity. None of the marker effects were significant for any of the three QTL for any trait, when averaged over all sets or for individual sets. The results suggest that the Archer alleles are not superior to the southern alleles when tested in southern environments. Archer has low relative yield in the South, while in the original mapping study Archer was the high‐yield adapted parent. The superior genetic value assigned to the Archer yield QTL may not be readily transported to populations or environments where Archer is inferior. Recombination and epistasis may also have affected the ability of the Archer markers and QTL to improve yield. Our results indicate that it may be difficult to capture the value assigned to QTL alleles derived from diverse parents with variable relative genetic value when the alleles are introgressed into populations with different genetic backgrounds, or when tested in different environments.
Receptor‐mediated autocrine growth‐stimulatory effect of 5‐hydroxytryptamine on cultured human pancreatic carcinoid cells (1992)

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a mitogen for fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal mesangial cells, and jejunal crypt cells. The human carcinoid cell line (termed BON) that we established in our laboratory from a pancreatic carcinoid tumor produces and secretes 5-HT. In this study, therefore, we examined the effect of 5-HT on growth of BON cells. Furthermore, by use of selective 5-HT receptor antagonists, we examined receptor and post-receptor mechanisms by which 5-HT-induced responses were produced. 5-HT stimulated growth of BON cells. 5-HT stimulated phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis in a dose-dependent fashion and inhibited cyclic AMP production in a dose-dependent fashion. The 5-HT1A/1B receptor antagonist, SDZ 21-009, prevented the reduction of cyclic AMP production evoked by 5-HT and inhibited the mitogenic action of 5-HT. The 5-HT1C/2 receptor antagonist, mesulergine, competitively inhibited PI hydrolysis, but did not affect the mitogenic action of 5-HT. The mitogenic action of 5-HT and the reduction of cyclic AMP production evoked by 5-HT were also inhibited by pertussis toxin. These results suggest that 5-HT is an autocrine growth factor for BON cells and that mitogenic mechanism of 5-HT involves receptor-mediated inhibition of the production of cyclic AMP which may be linked to pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP binding protein. 8-bromo-cyclic AMP inhibited growth of BON cells whereas 8-bromo-cyclic GMP had no effect on cell growth. Involvement of protein kinase A in BON cell growth regulation was confirmed by the observation that a cAMP-dependent protein kinase antagonist (Rp-cAMPS) could stimulate BON cell growth.
Excess of High Activity Monoamine Oxidase A Gene Promoter Alleles in Female Patients with Panic Disorder (1999)

A genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of panic disorder has been demonstrated by clinical genetic studies. Molecular genetic studies have focused on candidate genes suggested by the molecular mechanisms implied in the action of drugs utilized for therapy or in challenge tests. One class of drugs effective in the treatment of panic disorder is represented by monoamine oxidase A inhibitors. Therefore, the monoamine oxidase A gene on chromosome X is a prime candidate gene. In the present study we investigated a novel repeat polymorphism in the promoter of the monoamine oxidase A gene for association with panic disorder in two independent samples (German sample, n = 80; Italian sample, n = 129). Two alleles (3 and 4 repeats) were most common and constituted >97% of the observed alleles. Functional characterization in a luciferase assay demonstrated that the longer alleles (3a, 4 and 5) were more active than allele 3. Among females of both the German and the Italian samples of panic disorder patients (combined, n = 209) the longer alleles (3a, 4 and 5) were significantly more frequent than among females of the corresponding control samples (combined, n = 190, chi2 = 10.27, df = 1, P = 0.001). Together with the observation that inhibition of monoamine oxidase A is clinically effective in the treatment of panic disorder these findings suggest that increased monoamine oxidase A activity is a risk factor for panic disorder in female patients.
Relatedness of the Nucleotide Sequence of the 3′-Terminal Region of Clover Yellow Vein Potyvirus RNA to Bean Yellow Mosaic Potyvirus RNA (1991)

The sequence of the 3'-terminal 1,357 nucleotides of clover yellow vein potyvirus RNA was determined. A coat protein gene was identified and its predicted amino acid sequence deduced. It had 273 residues with a molecular weight of 31,019. The amino acid and nucleotide sequences of the virus were compared with those of five other potyviruses. The homology between these viruses indicated that clover yellow vein virus was a distinct virus, but had a closer affinity to bean yellow mosaic virus than to the four other potyviruses.
Application of Ethernet Pseudowires to MPLS Transport Networks (2010)

Ethernet pseudowires are widely deployed to support packet transport of Ethernet services. These services in-turn provide transport for a variety of client networks, e.g., IP and MPLS. This document uses procedures defined in the existing IETF specifications of Ethernet pseudowires carried over MPLS networks.
Fiber-coupled short Fabry-Perot resonators (1989)

An air-gap Fabry-Perot resonator with plane mirrors between closely spaced fiber ends may yield low throughput because of the poor match between the modes of typical single-mode fibers and the resonant mode in the air-gap cavity. The throughput can be improved by confining the resonant mode by a hollow dielectric tube placed inside the resonator. Short fiber-coupled Fabry-Perot resonators with and without an inserted hollow dielectric waveguide and expressions for their transmission losses are derived. It is shown that the throughput of both types of resonator can be improved significantly by using fiber with large mode size to couple to the resonator. The special fiber is then spliced to a conventional single-mode fiber. It is concluded that the resonator with an inserted hollow dielectric waveguide offers increased throughput for resonators with high finesse.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>