gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Effects of Microbial Transglutaminase on Gluten Proteins of Wheat. II. Rheological Properties (2003)

ABSTRACT The effects of microbial transglutaminase (TG) on the dough properties and the baking performance of wheat flour with strong gluten and high baking quality were studied by farinograph measurements, creep‐recovery tests with dough, extension tests with gluten, and baking tests. A very low concentration of TG caused a significant decrease in the maximum strain of the dough. This decrease was closely related to the TG concentration. Extension tests with gluten showed that increasing concentrations of TG led to a drastic decrease of the extensibility and an increase of the resistance to extension. When concentrations of TG were too high, a complete loss of dough and gluten structure was obtained. On the other hand, with low concentrations of TG, no difference could be detected between the control bread and the bread containing TG in the baking test. With higher concentrations of TG, dough handling became extremely difficult, and the loaf volume decreased substantially due to a loss of structure in the dough. Therefore, the use of TG to improve the dough properties and the baking performance is recommended for flours with weak gluten and poor baking performance.
Dual Code Method for Blind Identification of Convolutional Encoder for Cognitive Radio Receiver Design (2009)

Digital communication systems are in perpetual evolution in order to respond to the new user expectations and to new applications transmissions constraints, in term of data rate or reliability. With this fast development of new communication standards, it becomes very difficult for users and also for communications devices producers, to stay compatible with all standards used and with the oncoming ones. For that reason, cognitive radio systems seem to provide an interesting solution to this problem. The conception of intelligent receiver able to adapt itself to a specific transmission context and to blindly estimate the transmitter parameters is a promising solution for the future. In such context, new coding schemes like turbocodes, Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) or concatenated codes are developed to increase transmission robustness without significant degradation of the data rate. It is why we have developed a method, described in this paper, dedicated to the blind identification of convolutional encoders usually used in many standards. Moreover, an analysis of the method performances is detailed.
Theoretical model for deposition of superconducting thin films using pulsed laser evaporation technique (1990)

We have theoretically and experimentally analyzed the laser-induced evaporation process for deposition of superconducting thin films from bulk targets. The spatial thickness variations have been found to be significantly different from a conventional thermal deposition process. Unlike a cos θ thickness variation expected from a thermal evaporation process, the laser evaporation process is characterized by a forward-directed deposit with a sharp variation in its thickness as a function of distance from the center of the deposit. We have studied in detail the interactions of nanosecond excimer laser pulses with bulk YBa2Cu3O7 targets leading to evaporation, plasma formation, and subsequent deposition of thin films. A theoretical model for simulating the pulsed laser evaporation (PLE) process has been developed. This model considers an anisotropic three-dimensional expansion of the laser-generated plasma, initially at high temperature and pressure. The forward-directed nature of laser deposition has been found to result from anisotropic expansion velocities of the plasma edges arising due to the density gradients in the gaseous plasma. The physical process of the laser ablation technique for deposition of thin films can be classified into three separate interaction regimes: (i) interaction of the laser beam with the bulk target, (ii) plasma formation and initial isothermal expansion, and (iii) adiabatic expansion leading to deposition of thin films. The first two regimes occur during the time interval of the laser pulse, while the last regime initiates after the laser pulse terminates. Under PLE conditions, the evaporation of the target is assumed to be thermal in nature, while the plasma expansion dynamics is nonthermal as a result of interaction of the laser beam with the evaporated material. The expansion velocities of the plasma edges are related to the initial dimensions and temperature of the plasma, and the atomic weight of the respective species present in it. Preliminary calculations have been carried out on spatial thickness variations as a function of various parameters in PLE deposited thin films. The effects of the various beam and substrate parameters including energy density and substrate-target distance affecting the nature of deposition of superconducting thin films have been theoretically examined. Experimental results have been obtained from thin films deposited on silicon substrates by XeCl pulsed excimer laser (λ=308 nm, τ=45×10−9 s) irradiation. The spatial thickness and compositional variations in thin films have been determined using Rutherford backscattering technique and the results compared with the theoretical calculations.
Resistance to Salmonellosis in the Chicken Is Linked to<i>NRAMP1</i>and <i>TNC</i> (1997)

Natural resistance to infection with Salmonella typhimurium in mice is controlled by two major loci, Bcg and Lps, located on mouse chromosomes 1 and 4, respectively. Both Bcg and Lps exert pleiotropic effects and contribute to cytostatic/cytocidal activities of the macrophage. Bcg encodes for a membrane phosphoglycoprotein designated Nrampl (natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1), which belongs to an ancient family of membrane proteins, Lps has not been cloned yet, but its location on mouse chromosome 4 has been refined for positional cloning. As in mice, chicken inbred lines differ in their susceptibility to infection with Salmonella typhimurium. We have tested the candidacy of the chicken homologs of Nrampl and Tnc (a locus closely linked to Lps), in the differential resistance of chicken inbred lines to infection with S. typhimurium. We have first analyzed six inbred chicken lines of Salmonella-resistant or Salmonella-susceptible phenotypes for the presence of nucleotide sequence variations within the coding portion of NRAMP1. We have identified 11 sequence variations within NRAMP1 in the chicken inbred lines tested: 10 of these represented either silent mutations or conservative changes. However, one G-->A substitution at nucleotide 696 resulted in the nonconservative replacement of Arg223 to Gln223 within the predicted TM5-6 region. This allelic variant was specific to the susceptible line C and not observed in any of the resistant strains. To investigate the effect of NRAMP1 and TNC on resistance to infection with S. typhimurium, 425 (W1 x C)F1 x C chicken progeny were examined during a period of 15 days postinfection. Together, NRAMP1 and TNC explain 33% of the early differential resistance to infection with S. typhimurium of parental lines C and W1. Our data established that resistance to infection with S. typhimurium in chickens is inherited as a complex trait and that comparative mapping has proven to be useful to identify Salmonella-resistance genes in the chicken.
Findings From 752 081 Clinical Breast Examinations Reported to a National Screening Program From 1995 Through 1998 (2000)

CBEs performed in community-based screening programs can detect breast cancers as effectively as CBEs performed in clinical trials and may modestly improve early-detection campaigns.
Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a Yields High Rates of Hematologic and Molecular Response in Patients With Advanced Essential Thrombocythemia and Polycythemia Vera (2009)

PEG-IFN-alpha-2a resulted in remarkable clinical activity, high rates of molecular response, and acceptable toxicity in patients with advanced ET or PV. The ability of PEG-IFN-alpha-2a to induce complete molecular responses suggests selective targeting of the malignant clone.
Color quantitation through image processing in dermatology (1990)

Classical color models and their applications to computer vision are reviewed. The performances of color quantitation from digitized images are compared with those derived from a chromameter. The color quantitation obtained from either digitized color slides or directly digitized images is proved to be more efficient than the conventional visual assessment of observers. A methodology is proposed for determining the specific color indices which are needed in dermatology. An application of this methodology is developed for designing a blanching quantitation index in order to replace the visual assessment during McKenzie tests.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER, <i>MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES</i> (FAB.) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE), TO <i>BEAUVERIA BASSIANA</i> (BALS.) VUILLEMIN (HYPHOMYCETE): INFLUENCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY (1987)

Abstract In laboratory tests, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fab.) was susceptible to infection by Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin conidia. Infection occurred independently of the relative humidity (RH) (12, 33, 76, 100% RH). No significant difference was observed in the final percentage mortality of the treated grasshoppers and in the lethal times (LT 50 )( P > 0.05) under the RH conditions studied. However, the daily rate of mortality after treatment was higher at 76% RH than at 33% RH. High natural mortality occurred at 100% RH. At 100% RH, treatment with B . bassiana was associated with an outgrowth of microorganism that created septicemic conditions in the absence of the characteristic symptoms of mycosis. Below 100% RH, mycelial growth on cadavers was never observed, even though partial or total insect mummification occurred, and a pink body coloration on approximately 80% of the insects indicated Beauveria as the killing agent. Once transferred to 100% RH, no more than 5% of the treated grasshoppers exhibited external mycelial growth. The microenvironment at the cuticular level of the grasshopper allows expression of conidial pathogenicity regardless of ambient RH. Hence, together, these observations suggest the feasibility of field testing with B . bassiana as a bioinsecticide against M . sanguinipes in semi-arid climatic areas.
Mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) form innate immune synapses and are targeted by hepatitis C virus (2011)

RIG-I is a cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor that engages viral RNA in infected cells to trigger innate immune defenses through its adaptor protein MAVS. MAVS resides on mitochondria and peroxisomes, but how its signaling is coordinated among these organelles has not been defined. Here we show that a major site of MAVS signaling is the mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM), a distinct membrane compartment that links the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria. During RNA virus infection, RIG-I is recruited to the MAM to bind MAVS. Dynamic MAM tethering to mitochondria and peroxisomes then coordinates MAVS localization to form a signaling synapse between membranes. Importantly, the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease, which cleaves MAVS to support persistent infection, targets this synapse for MAVS proteolysis from the MAM, but not from mitochondria, to ablate RIG-I signaling of immune defenses. Thus, the MAM mediates an intracellular immune synapse that directs antiviral innate immunity.
Field stitching in thermal probe lithography by means of surface roughness correlation (2012)

A novel stitching method is presented which does not require special purpose alignment markers and which is particularly adapted to probe lithographic methods, enabling the writing of large patterns exceeding the size limitations imposed by high precision scan stages. The technique exploits the natural roughness of polymeric resist surfaces as a fingerprint marker for the sample position. Theoretical and experimental evidence is provided that sub-nanometer metrological accuracy can be achieved by inspecting the surface roughness in areas with 1 μm linear dimensions. The method has been put to the test in a thermal probe lithography experiment by writing a composite pattern consisting of five 10 μm × 10 μm fields which are seamlessly joined together. The observed stitching error of 10 nm between fields is dominated by inaccuracies of the scanning hardware used in the experiment and is not fundamentally limited by the method per se.
Tetraspan proteins: regulators of renal structure and function (2007)

Tetraspans constitute a novel class of proteins whose capacity to alter the cell biological and functional properties of their membrane protein partners is likely to have wide ranging and important physiological ramifications.
Effect of Zinc on Calmodulin‐Stimulated Protein Kinase II and Protein Phosphorylation in Rat Cerebral Cortex (1991)

The effect of increasing concentrations of Zn2+ (1 microM-5 mM) on protein phosphorylation was investigated in cytosol (S3) and crude synaptic plasma membrane (P2-M) fractions from rat cerebral cortex and purified calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II (CMK II). Zn2+ was found to be a potent inhibitor of both protein kinase and protein phosphatase activities, with highly specific effects on CMK II. Only one phosphoprotein band (40 kDa in P2-M phosphorylated under basal conditions) was unaffected by addition of Zn2+. The vast majority of phosphoprotein bands in both basal and calcium/calmodulin-stimulated conditions showed a dose-dependent inhibition of phosphorylation, which varied with individual phosphoproteins. Two basal phosphoprotein bands (58 and 66 kDa in S3) showed a significant stimulation of phosphorylation at 100 microM Zn2+ with decreased stimulation at higher concentrations, which was absent by 5 mM Zn2+. A few Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated phosphoproteins in P2-M and S3 showed biphasic behavior; inhibition at less than 100 microM Zn2+ and stimulation by millimolar concentrations of Zn2+ in the presence or absence of added Ca2+/calmodulin. The two major phosphoproteins in this group were identified as the alpha and beta subunits of CMK II. Using purified enzyme, Zn2+ was shown to have two direct effects on CMK II: an inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation activity at low concentrations and the creation of a new Zn(2+)-stimulated, Ca2+/calmodulin-independent activity at concentrations of greater than 100 microM that produces a redistribution of activity biased toward autophosphorylation and an alpha subunit with an altered mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing gels.
Liver resection in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (2006)

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Liver resection and liver transplantation remain the only options for cure. Since the indications for orthotopic liver transplantation are limited, partial liver resection is the more common treatment. Recently, indications for liver resection have been expanded and there have been advances in the associated surgical techniques. This review describes the state-of-the-art of liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Topics covered include: new indications, such as treatment of large tumors, bilobar tumors and those associated with vascular invasion; preoperative assessment of liver function; and surgical strategies. An overview of the most common staging systems, which are useful in predicting prognosis after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma, is given.
A High-Capacity LC/MS System for the Bioanalysis of Samples Generated from Plate-Based Metabolic Screening (2001)

HPLC/MS is a linear technique characterized by serial injection and analysis of individual samples. Parallel-format high-throughput screens for druglike properties present a significant analytical challenge. Analysis speed and system ruggedness are key requirements for bioanalysis of thousands of samples per day. The tasks involved in LC/MS analysis are readily divided into three areas, sample preparation/liquid handling, LC/MS method building/sample analysis, and data processing. Several automation and multitasking strategies were developed and implemented to minimize plating and liquid handling errors, reduce dead times within the analysis cycle, and allow for comprehensive review of data. Delivering multiple samples to multiple injectors allows the autosampler time to complete its wash cycles and aspirate the next set of samples while the previous set is being analyzed. A dual-column chromatography system provides column cycling and peak stacking and allows rapid throughput using conventional LC equipment. Collecting all data for a compound into a single file greatly reduces the number of data files collected, increases the speed of data collection, allows rugged and complete review of all data, and provides facile data management. The described systems have analyzed over 40 000 samples per month for two years and have the capacity for over 2000 samples per instrument per day.
Intracellular ratiometric temperature sensing using fluorescent carbon dots (2018)

Highly sensitive non-invasive temperature sensing is critical for studying fundamental biological processes and applications in medical diagnostics. Nanoscale-based thermometers are promising non-invasive probes for precise temperature sensing with subcellular resolution. However, many of these systems have limitations as they rely on fluorescence intensity changes, deconvolution of peaks, or the use of hybrid systems to measure thermal events. To address this, we developed a fluorescence-based ratiometric temperature sensing approach using carbon dots prepared <i>via</i> microwave synthesis. These dots possess dual fluorescence signatures in the blue and red regions of the spectrum. We observed a linear response as a function of temperature in the range of 5-60 °C with a thermal resolution of 0.048 K<sup>-1</sup> and thermal sensitivity of 1.97% C<sup>-1</sup>. Temperature-dependent fluorescence was also observed in HeLa cancer cells over a range of 32-42 °C by monitoring changes in the red-to-blue fluorescence signatures. We demonstrate that the ratiometric approach is superior to intensity-based thermal sensing because it is independent of the intracellular concentration of the optical probe. These findings suggest that dual-emitting carbon dots can be an effective tool for <i>in vitro</i> and possibly <i>in vivo</i> fluorescence nanothermometry.
Horizontal Variant of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. (1996)

Horizontal variant of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (hBPPV) was compared with conventional vertical BPPV (vBPPV) with regard to clinical features and findings of eye movement. Of 147 BPPV patients who consulted our clinic between January 1991 and April 1994, 11 patients showed nystagmus only when rolled on the plane of the horizontal semicircular canal (HSC). None of the 11 hBPPV patients later developed disorders of the central nervous system. When positional nystagmus was provoked in the recumbent position, laterality of the strength of nystagmus was observed in eight, latency in four, and fatiguability in five of the 11 patients. The nystagmus was geotropic in eight patients, whereas the other three showed apogeotropic nystagmus. Spontaneous reversal in the direction of nystagmus (second phase) was not observed. Of the seven patients who underwent caloric testing, four showed canal paresis. hBPPV and vBPPV showed similar distributions by gender and by past medical history. In age distribution, hBPPV and vBPPV had peaks in the 40's and the 60's, respectively. Although the difference was not significant, the incidence of canal paresis was higher in hBPPV than in vBPPV, which may suggest some HSC pathology in hBPPV.
The catalytically active form of histidinol dehydrogenase from <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (1979)

The active-enzyme-sedimentation procedure was used to identify the catalytically competent form of histidinol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.23) isolated from Salmonella typhimurium. At pH 9.4 the active species has a sedimentation coefficient S20,W of 5.4S, indicating that the dimer with a mol.wt. of approx. 83 000 is the enzymically active form.
TNP-ATP, a potent P2X3 receptor antagonist, blocks acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction in mice: comparison with reference analgesics (2002)

Exogenous ATP has been shown to be algogenic in both animal and humans. Research has focused on the P2X3 ligand-gated ion channel, as it is preferentially expressed on nociceptive C-fibers. In addition, P2X3 receptor gene disrupted mice show decreased responses to somatic painful stimuli. However, the potential role of P2X receptor activation in visceral pain has not yet been evaluated. In the present study, the systemic administration of suramin, and pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid, PPADS, both non-selective P2X receptor antagonists, dose-dependently reduced acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions in mice (ED(50)=34.5 micromol/kg and ED50=70 micromol/kg, respectively). Furthermore, 2'-(or-3')-O-(trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'- tri-phosphate (TNP-ATP) potently (IC50=10 nM) blocked the functional activation of P2X3 receptors in vitro and attenuated acetic acid-induced visceral pain. In the abdominal constriction assay, TNP-ATP (ED(50)=6.35 micromol/kg, i.p.) was 6-10 fold more potent than suramin and PPADS to reduce nociceptive behavior. In addition, TNP-ATP was 10 fold more potent than TNP-AMP (2'-(or-3')-O-(trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-mono-phosphate) (ED50=63.5 micromol/kg, i.p.) at reducing acetic acid-induced nociception. At the highest dose, TNP-ATP completely abolished nociceptive behavior, as did morphine (ED50=3 micromol/kg, i.p.). While TNP-ATP is also a potent antagonist of P2X1 receptors, P2X1 receptor mediated responses have not been shown in dorsal root ganglia and diinosine pentaphosphate, IP5I, a potent and selective P2X1 receptor antagonist, was ineffective at reducing abdominal constrictions. Thus, the antinociceptive effects of TNP-ATP appear to be mediated through activation of homomeric P2X3and/or heteromeric P2X2/3 receptors. Together, these results show that activation of P2X3 containing receptors plays a role in the transmission of inflammatory visceral pain.
Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Film on Si Substrate (1988)

Superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films have been prepared by RF magnetron sputtering on Si(100) substrate with a buffer layer of ZrO 2 or MgO. The film with a ZrO 2 buffer layer exhibited a superconductive transition with zero resistance at 82 K. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated a preferential orientation where c-axes were perpendicular to the substrate.
Firmware quality assurance (1982)

The paper reviews problems, solutions, and trends in the area of firmware quality assurance. Firmware quality assurance is considered to be the certification of the fact that a firmware system meets its requirements with respect to functional correctness as well as performance, operational, and implementational properties. The emphasis of the paper is on formal correctness proofs, firmware testing, and the automatic synthesis of microcode and associated hardware structures. Firmware specifications, high-level microprogramming languages, and automated support tools are discussed as they relate to these areas. The impact of advances and trends in very large-scale integration (VLSI) on the techniques and tools for firmware quality assurance is reviewed. The observation is made that valuable results have been obtained in the areas of firmware correctness proofs and firmware testing. However, further improvements are needed to cope with the complexity of VLSI. An alternative that may overcome the limitations of these two approaches is automated synthesis of firmware and hardware and design for testability.