gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemopreventative effects of tetrahydrocurcumin on human diseases (2013)

Chemoprevention is a relatively new and promising strategy to prevent human degenerative diseases, including cancer, and is defined as the use of natural dietary compounds and/or synthetic substances to block, inhibit, reverse, or retard the progress of human diseases. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major metabolite of curcumin (extracted from the roots of the Curcuma longa Linn). THC has been demonstrated to prevent oxidative stress and inflammation, to act against neurodegeneration, and to possess anti-cancer activity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and underlying molecular mechanisms of the chemopreventative activities of THC and its potential effects on the development of various human diseases.
A prototype system for cooperative architecture design (2003)

The paper presents a prototype system for cooperative architecture design. The system includes a multi-site cooperative 3D editor and a cooperative and communication support platform. By using the prototype system, the users are able to load a design scene, modify its properties and save the result cooperatively. The online basic cooperative, interactive editing functionality on the designed objects via the communication network has been achieved.
Computational study of flow-induced vibration of a reed in a channel and effect on convective heat transfer (2014)

The flow-induced fluttering motion of a flexible reed inside a heated channel is modeled numerically and used to investigate the relationship between the aeroelastic vibration of the reed and heat-transfer enhancement. An immersed boundary method is developed to solve the coupled flow-structure-thermal problem, and the simulations show that the vibrating reed significantly increases the mean heat flux through the channel, as well as the thermal performance, quantified in terms of the thermal enhancement factor. The effect of reed material properties on vibratory dynamics and heat transfer is studied. Changes in material properties produce a rich variety of vibratory behavior, and the thermal performance is found to depend more strongly on the reed inertia than its bending stiffness. The effects of both the Reynolds number and channel confinement are examined and it is found that the thermal performance is maximized when the reed creates large modulations in the boundary layer of the channel, while at the same time avoiding the creation of strong vortices.
Glucose dispersion measurement using white-light LCI (2003)

We measured second order dispersion of glucose solution using a Michelson Low Coherent Interferometer (LCI). Three different glucose concentrations: 20mg/dl (hypoglycemia), 100mg/dl (normal level), and 500mg/dl (hyperglycemia) are investigated over the wavelength range 0.5μm to 0.85μm, and the investigation shows that different concentrations are associated with different second-order dispersions. The second-order dispersions for wavelengths from 0.55μm to 0.8μm are determined by Fourier analysis of the interferogram. This approach can be applied to measure the second-order dispersion for distinguishing the different glucose concentrations. It can be considered as a potentially noninvasive method to determine glucose concentration in human eye. A brief discussion is presented in this poster as well.
SIV Infection of Macaques as a Model for AIDS Pathogenesis (1992)

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques is the best available animal model for studying the pathogenesis of AIDS. Experimental inoculation of macaques with SIV results in a persistent infection that leads to immunodeficiency, opportunistic infections, and death. Most aspects of the illness, including immunologic and virologic parameters, are easily quantified. Furthermore, pathologic processes can be evaluated throughout the course of experimental infection. Recently, molecular clones of SIV proviral DNA have been used to study genetic variation and specific viral determinants of pathogenesis. Considered together, these observations support the continued detailed study of SIV infection of macaques as a model for human AIDS.
Anatomic Distribution and Regulation of Aromatase Gene Expression in the Rat Brain1 (1998)

Recent evidence suggests that two cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) mRNA transcripts are present in the rat brain. One of these contains the entire 5'-coding sequence and correlates with the presence of functional enzyme. We designed a new 255-base pair P450arom probe (AROM255) that recognizes only this full-length P450arom mRNA. Ribonuclease protection assays verified that the cRNA probe synthesized from this construct recognized a single RNA species in brain tissues that express aromatase activity, but not in the cingulate cortex, an area previously shown to contain only the alternate transcript. Moreover, the P450arom mRNA content of the preoptic area was significantly lower in castrates than in intact males or testosterone (T)-treated castrates. We employed 33P-labeled cRNA probes to examine the distribution of P450arom mRNA by in situ hybridization. High levels of mRNA were detected in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BnST), and medial amygdala (MA). Lower levels were found in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and cortical amygdala. The magnitude of the hybridization signal in the BnST and MPN was greater in males than in females. Treatment with T propionate significantly increased hybridization signal in BnST, MPN, and MA. These results confirm the anatomic distribution of P450arom mRNA within hypothalamic and limbic nuclei of the adult male rat and demonstrate that steady state concentrations are regionally regulated by T. Moreover, they demonstrate the necessity of using a molecular probe that can distinguish between P450arom variants in the brain.
Shear velocity logging in slow formations using the Stoneley wave (1986)

Abstract We apply an iterative, linearized inversion method to Stoneley waves recorded on acoustic logs in a borehole. Our objective is to assess inversion of Stoneley wave phase and group velocity as a practical technique for shear velocity logging in slow formations. Indirect techniques for shear logging are of particular importance in this case because there is no shear head wave arrival. Acoustic logs from a long-spaced sonic tool provided high-quality, low-noise data in the 1 to 10 kHz band for this experiment.A shear velocity profile estimated by inversion of a 60 ft (18.3 m) section of full-wave acoustic data correlates well with the P-wave log for the section. The inferred shear velocity ranges from 60 to 90 percent of the sound velocity of the fluid. Formal error estimates on the shear velocity are everywhere less than 5 percent. Moreover, application of the same inversion method to synthetic waveforms corroborates these error estimates. Finally, a synthetic acoustic waveform computed from inversion results is an excellent match to the observed waveform.On the basis of these results, we conclude that Stoneley-wave inversion constitutes a practical, indirect, shear-logging technique for slow formations. Success of the shear-logging method depends upon availability of high-quality, low-noise waveform data in the 1 to 4 kHz band. Given good prior estimates of compressional velocity and density of the borehole fluid, only rough estimates of borehole radius and formation density and compressional velocity are required. The existing inversion procedure also yields estimates of formation Q inferred from spectral amplitudes of Stoneley waves. This extension of the method is promising, since amplitudes of Stoneley waves in a slow formation are highly sensitive to formation Q. Attenuation caused by formation Q dominates over attenuation caused by fluid viscosity if the viscosity is less than about 0.1 N.s/m 2 . However, Stoneley-wave amplitudes are also sensitive to gradients in shear velocity in the direction of propagation. In some cases, correction for the effects of shear-velocity gradients is required to obtain the formation Q from Stoneley-wave attenuation.
Dendritic cell targeted vaccines: Recent progresses and challenges (2015)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to be a set of morphology, structure and function of heterogeneous professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), as well as the strongest functional antigen presenting cells, which can absorb, process and present antigens. As the key regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, DCs are at the center of the immune system and capable of interacting with both B cells and T cells, thereby manipulating the humoral and cellular immune responses. DCs provide an essential link between the innate and adaptive immunity, and the strong immune activation function of DCs and their properties of natural adjuvants, make them a valuable target for antigen delivery. Targeting antigens to DC-specific endocytic receptors in combination with the relevant antibodies or ligands along with immunostimulatory adjuvants has been recently recognized as a promising strategy for designing an effective vaccine that elicits a strong and durable T cell response against intracellular pathogens and cancer. This opinion article provides a brief summary of the rationales, superiorities and challenges of existing DC-targeting approaches.
Mechanism of active site exclusion in a site-specific recombinase: role of the DNA substrate in conferring half-of-the-sites activity (1997)

The Flp site-specific recombinase assembles its active site by recruiting the catalytic tyrosine (Tyr-343) from one Flp monomer into the pro-active site containing a triad of Arg-191, His-305, and Arg-308 from a second monomer. In principle, two active sites may be assembled from a Flp dimer by simultaneous, reciprocal contribution of the shared amino acids by its constituent monomers. In practice, only one of the two active sites is assembled at a time, as would be consistent with a recombination mechanism involving two steps of single-strand exchanges. By using substrates containing strand-specific base bulges, we demonstrate that the relative disposition of their DNA arms can account for this active site exclusion. We also show that the exclusion mechanism operates only at the level of positioning Tyr-343 with respect to the pro-active site, and not at the level of orienting the labile phosphodiester bond within the DNA chain. It is not negative cooperativity of substrate binding but, rather, the substrate-induced negative cooperativity in protein orientation that accomplishes half-of-the-sites activity in the Flp system.
The Cardiovascular Effects of Cocoa Polyphenols—An Overview (2016)

Cocoa is a rich source of high-quality antioxidant polyphenols. They comprise mainly catechins (29%-38% of total polyphenols), anthocyanins (4% of total polyphenols) and proanthocyanidins (58%-65% of total polyphenols). A growing body of experimental and epidemiological evidence highlights that the intake of cocoa polyphenols may reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Beyond antioxidant properties, cocoa polyphenols exert blood pressure lowering activity, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, metabolic and anti-atherosclerotic effects, and also improve endothelial function. This paper reviews the role of cocoa polyphenols in cardiovascular protection, with a special focus on mechanisms of action, clinical relevance and correlation between antioxidant activity and cardiovascular health.
The Effect of Polymorphisms of the β2-Adrenergic Receptor on the Response to Regular Use of Albuterol in Asthma (2000)

Inhaled beta-adrenergic agonists are the most commonly used medications for the treatment of asthma although there is evidence that regular use may produce adverse effects in some patients. Polymorphisms of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)-AR) can affect regulation of the receptor. Smaller studies examining the effects of such polymorphisms on the response to beta-agonist therapy have produced inconsistent results. We examined whether polymorphisms at codon 16 (beta(2)-AR-16) and codon 27 (beta(2)-AR-27) of the beta(2)-AR might affect the response to regular versus as-needed use of albuterol by genotyping the 190 asthmatics who had participated in a trial examining the effects of regular versus as needed albuterol use. During the 16-wk treatment period there was a small decline in morning peak expiratory flow in patients homozygous for arginine at B(2)-AR-16 (Arg/Arg) who used albuterol regularly. This effect was magnified during a 4-wk run out period, during which all patients returned to using as-needed albuterol, so that by the end of the study Arg Arg patients who had regularly used albuterol had a morning peak expiratory flow 30. 5 +/- 12.1 L/min lower (p = 0.012) than Arg/Arg patients who had used albuterol on an as needed basis. There was no decline in peak flow with regular use of albuterol in patients who were homozygous for glycine at beta(2)-AR-16. Evening peak expiratory flow also declined in the Arg/Arg patients who used albuterol regularly but not in those who used albuterol on an as-needed basis. No significant differences in outcomes between regular and as-needed treatment were associated with polymorphisms at position 27 of the beta(2)-AR. No other differences in asthma outcomes that we investigated occurred in relation to these beta(2)-AR polymorphisms. Polymorphisms of the beta(2)-AR may influence airway responses to regular inhaled beta-agonist treatment.
Sampling and analysis of suspended particles and vapors by continuum source particle beams (1979)

Two continuum source particle beam methods are proposed for the on-line measurement of suspended particles or material which is suspendable in a gas. The first method can be used to size separate the various molecular and particulate species present in the beam. The second method is used to obtain a molecular composition analysis of individual beam particles or a composition distribution for a sample containing a large number of particles. The two methods are complementary and can be used together to obtain molecular composition analyses of size-separated beam particles.
Cómo incurrir en serios riesgos por no tratar bien al personal especializado (1989)

Viral proteins assemble into homopolymers in the infected cells and have a role as diffusion-amplifier for ions across subcellular membranes. The homopolymer of hepatitis C virus, protein p7 of strain 1a, which is known to form channels, is used to investigate the dynamics of physiological relevant ions, Na(+), K(+), Cl(-) and Ca(2+) in the vicinity of the protein bundle. The protein bundle is generated by a combination of docking approach and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Ion dynamics are recorded during multiple 200 ns MD simulations of 1M solutions. His-17 is found to point into the lumen of the pore. Protonation of this residue allows Cl-ions to enter the pore while in its unprotonated state Ca-ions are found within the pore as well. Applied voltage identifies large Cl-ion currents from the site of the loop passing through the pore. Rectification of the current of the Cl-ions is observed.
Influence of RTA parameters on residual stress and stress gradient of multilayered LPCVD polysilicon film (2003)

This paper reports the experimental results of examining the residual stress and stress gradient of LPCVD multilayered polysilicon film according to various rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in a nitrogen atmosphere. In particular the stress gradient of multilayered polysilicon film ranging from -17.1 to +1.5 MPa//spl mu/m as the RTA processing time increased could be reduced to nearly zero by selecting the appropriate RTA time. The mechanism responsible for this dependence was examined by using both experimental data and material analysis using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is concluded that the shift of the stress gradient is mainly caused by the thin nitrided layers at surface and interface of multilayered polysilicon film.
Anti-collusion forensics of multimedia fingerprinting using orthogonal modulation (2005)

Digital fingerprinting is a method for protecting digital data in which fingerprints that are embedded in multimedia are capable of identifying unauthorized use of digital content. A powerful attack that can be employed to reduce this tracing capability is collusion, where several users combine their copies of the same content to attenuate/remove the original fingerprints. In this paper, we study the collusion resistance of a fingerprinting system employing Gaussian distributed fingerprints and orthogonal modulation. We introduce the maximum detector and the thresholding detector for colluder identification. We then analyze the collusion resistance of a system to the averaging collusion attack for the performance criteria represented by the probability of a false negative and the probability of a false positive. Lower and upper bounds for the maximum number of colluders K(max) are derived. We then show that the detectors are robust to different collusion attacks. We further study different sets of performance criteria, and our results indicate that attacks based on a few dozen independent copies can confound such a fingerprinting system. We also propose a likelihood-based approach to estimate the number of colluders. Finally, we demonstrate the performance for detecting colluders through experiments using real images.
Context Aware Middleware Architecture for Wireless Sensor Network (2009)

Wireless sensor networks are application specific,data centric networks where different applications run on deployed network. Each application interprets the underlying sensor network differently and each changing event has different effect on running applications.In this paper we have proposed context aware middleware architecture called as 'MidSen'. This architecture bridges the gap between multiple applications running at application level and deployed sensor networks.MidSen architecture handles static as well as dynamically changing network and application components.MidSen has adopted a rule based engine to handle system dynamics. Midsen makes applications flexible by allowing them to update their rules against knowledge base. Our experimental results show that proposed context aware service discovery (CASD) algorithm gives better recall value and precision compare to previously proposed discovery algorithms.
Polyoma virus middle T antigen-pp60c-src complex associates with purified phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in vitro. (1992)

Reconstitution of the polyoma virus middle T antigen (mT)-pp60-src complex and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns 3-kinase) has been accomplished in vitro with immunopurified baculovirus-expressed mT-pp60c-src and PtdIns 3-kinase purified from rat liver. Both the 110- and 85-kDa subunits of the PtdIns 3-kinase associated with the mT-pp60c-src complex. The association of PtdIns 3-kinase with the mT-pp60c-src complex was dependent on the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of pp60c-src as a kinase-inactive mutant (pp60(295c-src)) still complexed with mT, but the mT-pp60(295c-src)) complex was unable to bind PtdIns 3-kinase. The mT-pp60c-src complex phosphorylated both subunits of PtdIns 3-kinase on tyrosine residues. The immunopurified mT-pp60c-src complex also associated with PtdIns 3-kinase activity from whole cell lysates, and this association was dependent upon the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of pp60c-src. Comparison of 35S-labeled proteins from whole cell lysates which associated with immunopurified mT-pp60c-src and mT-pp60(295c-src) revealed proteins of 110 and 85 kDa as the major peptides dependent on protein-tyrosine kinase activity for association with the complex. In addition, a synthetic phosphopeptide (13-mer) containing sequences conserved between the major tyrosine phosphorylation site of murine polyoma virus mT, hamster polyoma virus mT, and the insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) specifically blocked the association of the 85- and 110-kDa polypeptides with the mT-pp60c-src complex. The ability to block the association was dependent on the tyrosine phosphorylation of the peptide. Association of PtdIns 3-kinase activity was blocked concurrently. This is the first demonstration that the 110-kDa subunit of PtdIns 3-kinase can associate with mT-pp60c-src. This association in vitro is a step toward understanding protein-protein interactions important in the signal transduction pathway of oncogenic proteins.
A Real-Time Thermal Model of a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor (2009)

This paper presents a real-time thermal model with calculated parameters based on the geometry of the different components of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor. The model in state-space format has been discretized and a model-order reduction has been applied to minimize the complexity. The model has been implemented in a DSP and predicts the temperature of the different parts of the motor accurately in all operating conditions, i.e., steady-state, transient, and stall torque. The results have been compared with real measurements using temperature transducers showing very good performance of the proposed thermal model.
Parallel multiclass stochastic gradient descent algorithms for classifying million images with very-high-dimensional signatures into thousands classes (2014)

The new parallel multiclass stochastic gradient descent algorithms aim at classifying million images with very-high-dimensional signatures into thousands of classes. We extend the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for support vector machines (SVM-SGD) in several ways to develop the new multiclass SVM-SGD for efficiently classifying large image datasets into many classes. We propose (1) a balanced training algorithm for learning binary SVM-SGD classifiers, and (2) a parallel training process of classifiers with several multi-core computers/grid. The evaluation on 1000 classes of ImageNet, ILSVRC 2010 shows that our algorithm is 270 times faster than the state-of-the-art linear classifier LIBLINEAR.
Onset Detection in Surface Electromyographic Signals: A Systematic Comparison of Methods (2001)

Various methods to determine the onset of the electromyographic activity which occurs in response to a stimulus have been discussed in the literature over the last decade. Due to the stochastic characteristic of the surface electromyogram (SEMG), onset detection is a challenging task, especially in weak SEMG responses. The performance of the onset detection methods were tested, mostly by comparing their automated onset estimations to the manually determined onsets found by well-trained SEMG examiners. But a systematic comparison between methods, which reveals the benefits and the drawbacks of each method compared to the other ones and shows the specific dependence of the detection accuracy on signal parameters, is still lacking. In this paper, several classical threshold-based approaches as well as some statistically optimized algorithms were tested on large samples of simulated SEMG data with well-known signal parameters. Rating between methods is performed by comparing their performance to that of a statistically optimal maximum likelihood estimator which serves as reference method. In addition, performance was evaluated on real SEMG data obtained in a reaction time experiment. Results indicate that detection behavior strongly depends on SEMG parameters, such as onset rise time, signal-to-noise ratio or background activity level. It is shown that some of the threshold-based signal-power-estimation procedures are very sensitive to signal parameters, whereas statistically optimized algorithms are generally more robust.