gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed three-dimensional shape measurement for isolated objects based on fringe projection (2011)

A method for high-speed measurement of the three-dimensional (3D) shape of spatially isolated objects is proposed. Two sinusoidal fringe patterns with phase difference π and an encoded pattern are used to measure the 3D shape. A modified Fourier transform profilometry (FTP) method is used for phase retrieval and obtaining high-quality texture. The measurable slope of the height variation is larger than for methods based on traditional FTP and the same as that for methods based on phase measurement profilometry (PMP). The number of patterns is less than for the high-speed methods based on PMP, using which isolated objects can be measured. Consequently, this approach is less sensitive to object motion. In the proposed method, the encoded pattern consists of vertical stripes with width the same as the period of the sinusoidal fringe. Three gray levels are used to form the stripes. Six symbols are encoded with these three gray levels. Then, a pseudorandom sequence is constructed with an alphabet of these six symbols. The stripes are arranged according to the sequence to form the pattern. In the procedure of phase unwrapping, the strings (subsequences) are constructed with symbols corresponding to three neighbor periods of the deformed fringe. The position of the subsequence is worked out by string matching in the pseudorandom sequence. The ranking number of the fringe is identified and then the absolute phase of the deformed fringe is obtained. The 3D shape of the objects is reconstructed with triangulation. A system consisting of a specially designed digital light processing projector and a high-speed camera is presented. The 3D capture speed of 60 frames per second (fps), with a resolution of 640 × 480 points, and that of 120 fps, with a resolution of 320 × 240 points, were achieved. Preliminary experimental results are given. If the control logic of the digital micromirror device was modified and a camera with higher speed was employed, the measurement speed would reach thousands of fps. This makes it possible to analyze dynamic objects.
A Directed Acyclic Graph Network Combined With CNN and LSTM for Remaining Useful Life Prediction (2019)

Accurate and timely prediction of remaining useful life (RUL) of a machine enables the machine to have an appropriate operation and maintenance decision. Data-driven RUL prediction methods are more attractive to researchers because they can be deployed quicker and cheaper compared to other approaches. The existing deep neural network (DNN) models proposed for the applications of RUL prediction are mostly single-path and top-down propagation. In order to improve the prognostic accuracy of the network, this paper proposes a directed acyclic graph (DAG) network that combines long short term memory (LSTM) and a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the RUL. Different from the existing prediction models combined with CNN and LSTM, the method proposed in this paper combines CNN and LSTM organically instead of just using CNN for feature extraction. Moreover, when a single timestamp is used as an input, padding the signals in the same training batch would affect the prediction ability of the developed model. To overcome this drawback, the proposed method generates a short-term sequence by sliding the time window (TW) with one step size. In addition, based on the degradation mechanism, the piece-wise RUL function is used instead of the traditional linear function. In the experimental test, the turbofan engine degradation simulation dataset provided by NASA is used to validate the proposed RUL prediction model. By comparing with the existing methods using the same dataset, it can be concluded that the prediction method proposed in this paper has better prediction capability.
Botanical biocides. 4. Mosquitocidal activity of certain Thymus capitatus constituents. (2000)

Successive extraction of Thyme plant, Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffm. and Link (Lamiaceae), by different solvents of increasing polarity, showed that potency was highly attributed to the non-polar fraction (e.g., petroleum ether) when tests were carried out against the larvae and adults of Culex pipiens (L). Of special concern to the mosquitocidal activity, the following fractions and isolates were recognized: the volatile oil, unsaponifiable portion, and certain compounds isolated from the unsaponifiable portion (e.g., Thymol, alpha-Amyrin, Carvacrol + beta-Caryophyllene). The volatile oil, Thymol, and the unsaponifiable portion proved high larvicidal potency against the tested insect (LC50 = 49.0, 58.0, and 100.0 ppm, respectively). Non-lethal concentrations of these substances synergized the toxicity of Malathion, while induced additive or antagonistic effects when mixed with Permethrin or Pirimiphos-methyl. The unsaponifiable portion and volatile oil showed the highest adulticidal potency (LC50 = 0.0070 and 0.0076 mg/cm2, respectively). The efficacy of the tested candidates as repellent agents was found in the following order: unsaponifiable portion > alpha-Amyrin > Thymol > volatile oil > Carvacrol + beta-Caryophyllene. Thymol as well as volatile oil affected egg hatchability, causing Sterility Indices accounting for 0.70 and 0.74, respectively, while the unsaponifiable portion showed lower degree of sterility (0.81). The results obtained in this study may shed light on the importance of T. capitatus as a probable source of some biologically active agents for mosquito control in the future.
Cost-Effective 60-GHz Antenna Package With End-Fire Radiation for Wireless File-Transfer System (2010)

This paper proposes a cost-effective antenna package suitable for the mobile terminal of the wireless file-transfer system. The antenna package provides the end-fire radiation from the open-ended post-wall waveguide built into the side of the package. The antenna package, in which a 60-GHz CMOS chip is attached, is mounted on the edge of a printed circuit board by the ball-grid-array assembly. The fabricated antenna, to be built in the package, had the size of 4.8 mm × 6.4 mm × 1.0 mm. The beamwidths of 120° (E-plane) and 72° (H-plane) and the gain of 2.2 dBi were measured at 60 GHz. The cost-effective antenna package with two antennas for the transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx) was fabricated. The isolation between the Tx and Rx antenna was measured to be greater than 36 dB in the frequency range of 59-66 GHz. Moreover, the antenna with higher gain required from the system was fabricated. The gain of 6 dBi in the range of 58-68 GHz was measured. The beamwidth of 60° (E-plane) and 30° (H-plane) at 60 GHz were measured, respectively.
Reaction Stereochemistry of 2-Deoxy-<i>scyllo</i>-inosose Synthase, the Key Enzyme in the Biosynthesis of 2-Deoxystreptamine (2003)

Abstract The reaction stereochemistry of 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose (DOI) synthase (DOIS) derived from butirosin-producing Bacillus circulans, the key starter enzyme of 2-deoxystreptamine biosynthesis, was closely analyzed by use of the purified recombinant DOIS. The stereochemical pathway of the DOIS reaction is common in the aminoglycoside-producing Bacillus and Streptomyces, but is distinct from a related dehydroquinate synthase reaction in the shikimate pathway. Evolutionary relationship between these enzymes is also discussed.
Catalytic Oligomerization of Ethylene to Higher Linear α-Olefins Promoted by Cationic Group 4 Cyclopentadienyl-Arene Active Catalysts:  Toward the Computational Design of Zirconium- and Hafnium-Based Ethylene Trimerization Catalysts (2004)

A detailed computational exploration is presented of the catalytic abilities of heavier group 4 (M = Zr, Hf) mono(boratabenzene-arene) compounds for linear ethylene oligomerization with the cationic [(η6-BC5H5)-(bridge)-C6H5)MII(C2H4)2]+ complex as active catalyst species, employing a gradient-corrected DFT method. The influence of the boron substitution on the cyclopentadienyl moiety and the length of the boratabenzene-arene connecting bridge on the energy profile of the oxidative coupling and the competing metallacycle growth and decomposition steps has been elucidated. This allowed us to suggest promising modifications of the parent Cp-based Ti analogue, which has been described by Hessen and co-workers as a catalyst for ethylene trimerization, thereby contributing to the computer-based rational design of improved group 4 oligomerization catalysts. The boratabenzene Zr compound bearing a CMe2-bridge is indicated to be an efficient trimerization catalyst, which should exhibit an activity that exceeds what is reported for the established Ti system. The computational probing reveals for the Hf counterpart a catalytic ability that is different. This system is suggested to possess catalytic potential for production of 1-octene besides the prevalent 1-hexene oligomer product. Electronic modification of the substituent on boron can act to modulate the α-olefin product composition toward an enhanced 1-octene portion, although not as the predominant product.
Regulation of the expression and activity by progestins of a member of the SOX gene family of transcriptional modulators (1999)

The mammalian testis-determining gene Sry and the related Sox genes define a family of transcriptional regulators widely expressed during embryogenesis. Tightly controlled temporal profiles of expression are a feature of the Sox gene family and may be required for initiation of a cascade of gene expression, yet the molecular mechanisms that control Sox gene expression are unknown. We now show that human SOX4 is expressed in the normal breast and in breast cancer cells. In these cells SOX4 is a progesterone-regulated gene, the expression of which is increased by progestins, leading to a marked increase in SOX-mediated transcriptional activity. Treatment of T-47D breast cancer cells with the synthetic progestin ORG 2058 directly increased SOX4 transcription, resulting in a 4-fold increase in SOX4 mRNA levels within 4 h of treatment. No effect of ORG 2058 was noted on other SOX genes measured, nor were other hormone-regulated HMG box proteins detected in this system, suggesting that the observed ability of progestin to increase SOX mRNA expression was confined to SOX4. The increase in SOX4 transcription was reflected in increased SOX4 protein expression, as progestin treatment of T-47D cells transfected with a SOX-responsive reporter resulted in a marked increase in reporter gene expression. Progesterone is essential for normal development and differentiation of the female reproductive system, plays an essential role in regulating growth and differentiation of the mammary gland and is required for opposing the proliferative effects of estrogen in specific cell types. The detection of SOX4 expression in the normal and malignant breast and the demonstration that SOX4 expression is under progesterone control suggests that changes in SOX4 gene expression may play a role in commitment to the differentiated phenotype in the normal and malignant mammary gland.
A centrifugation cell adhesion assay for high‐throughput screening of biomaterial surfaces (2003)

A quantitative analysis of cell adhesion is essential in understanding physiological phenomena and designing biomaterials, implant surfaces, and tissue-engineering scaffolds. The most common cell adhesion assays used to evaluate biomaterial surfaces lack sensitivity and reproducibility and/or require specialized equipment and skill-intensive operation. We describe a modified centrifugation cell adhesion assay that uses simple and convenient techniques with standard laboratory equipment and provides reliable, quantitative measurements of cell adhesion. This centrifugation assay applies controlled and uniform detachment forces to a large population of adherent cells, providing robust statistics for quantifying cell adhesion. The applicability of this system to the design and characterization of biomaterial surfaces is shown by evaluating cell adhesion on substrates using different coating proteins, cell types, seeding times, and relative centrifugal forces (RCF). Results verify that this centrifugation cell adhesion assay represents a simple, convenient, and standard method for high-throughput characterization of a variety of biomaterial surfaces and conditions.
Inhibition of murine melanoma experimental metastasis by recombinant desulfatohirudin, a highly specific thrombin inhibitor. (1991)

Recombinant desulfatohirudin (r-hirudin), a highly specific inhibitor of thrombin, was examined to determine whether it would inhibit production of experimental lung metastasis by B16-F10 melanoma cells. In in vitro assays using mouse plasma, the high level of procoagulant activity in B16-F10 cells was significantly inhibited by r-hirudin in a dose-dependent manner. From 15 to 120 min after s.c. administration into C57BL/6 mice, r-hirudin (10 mg/kg) markedly prolonged clotting time in a time course pattern that directly correlated with that of blood distribution of 125I-labeled r-hirudin. The production of experimental lung metastasis by B16-F10 cells was significantly inhibited by r-hirudin administered s.c. at time points ranging from 120 min before to 60 min after tumor cell inoculation with the most significant effects found in mice given r-hirudin 15 or 2 min before the i.v. injection of tumor cells. The organ distribution of [125I]IdUrd-labeled tumor cells demonstrated a clear difference in the lungs of mice treated with r-hirudin and the lungs of control mice, and these differences directly correlated with the number of lung tumor colonies found 3 weeks later. The inhibition of lung metastasis was not due to direct antitumor effects of r-hirudin. These results suggest that inhibition of coagulation events by r-hirudin significantly inhibit experimental lung metastasis during a critical time of 60 min after the entry of tumor cells into the circulation.
Absorption and lymphatic transport of peroxidized lipids by rat small intestine in vivo: role of mucosal GSH (1992)

The absorption and lymphatic transport of peroxidized MaxEPA fish oil was studied using the lymph fistula rat to determine the role of mucosal glutathione (GSH) in intestinal metabolism of luminal lipid hydroperoxides. Decreasing intestinal GSH concentrations with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 1.15 +/- 0.20 nmol/g), diethyl maleate (DEM, 0.93 +/- 0.26 nmol/g), phorone (1.46 +/- 0.14 nmol/g), or 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU, 1.54 +/- 0.18 nmol/g) compared with control (2.60 +/- 0.38 nmol/g) resulted in higher luminal recovery of the infused lipid hydroperoxide (% of infused dose): BSO (87.8 +/- 4.8%), DEM (86.1 +/- 1.3%), phorone (78.1 +/- 2.1%), and BCNU (71.7 +/- 4.8%) compared with control (52.8 +/- 4.3%). These results suggest that decreased elimination of luminal peroxidized lipids is associated with decreased tissue GSH. Treatment of rats with BSO, DEM, phorone, or BCNU resulted in dramatic increases in appearance of peroxidized lipids in lymph over 6-h lipid infusion (54.7 +/- 3.7, 57.7 +/- 4.6, 46.4 +/- 2.7, and 42.1 +/- 3.9 nmol, respectively) compared with control (20.5 +/- 3.4 nmol). The results are consistent with decreased intracellular metabolism of absorbed hydroperoxides and enhanced transport into lymph under GSH-deficient conditions. The current findings suggest that the function of the mucosal GSH peroxidase/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) reductase system may play an important role in intestinal handling of luminal lipid hydroperoxides. A compromised function of this detoxication mechanism in GSH-deficient states can significantly alter the metabolic fate of dietary peroxidized lipids.
Integrated Platform for Proteome Analysis with Combination of Protein and Peptide Separation via Online Digestion (2009)

An integrated platform with the combination of protein and peptide separation was established via online protein digestion, by which proteins were first separated by a microcolumn packed with mixed weak anion and weak cation exchange (WAX/WCX) particles under a series of salt steps, online digested by a trypsin immobilized microenzymatic reactor (IMER), trapped and desalted by two parallel C8 precolumns, separated by microreversed-phase liquid chromatography (muRPLC) under a linear gradient of organic modifier concentration, and finally identified by electrospray ionization-MS/MS (ESI-MS/MS). To evaluate the performance of such a platform, a mixture of myoglobin, cytochrome c, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and alpha-casein, with mass ranging from 25 ng to 2 microg, was analyzed. Compared to the methods by off-line protein fractionation and shotgun based strategy, the analysis time, including sample preparation, digestion, desalting, separation, and detection, was shortened from ca. 30 to 5 h, and cytochrome c with abundance of 25 ng could be identified with improved sequence coverage. Furthermore, such an integrated platform was successfully applied into the analysis of proteins extracted from human lung cancer cells. Compared with the results obtained by the shotgun approach, the identified protein number was increased by 30%. All these results demonstrated that such an integrated approach would be an attractive alternative to commonly applied approaches for proteome research.
High‐Pressure Homogenization as a Process for Emulsion Formation (2004)

Abstract Emulsions find a wide range of application in industry and daily life. In the pharmaceutical industry lipophilic active ingredients are often formulated in the disperse phase of oil‐in‐water emulsions. Milk, butter, and margarine are examples of emulsions in daily life. In the metal processing industry emulsions are used in the form of coolants. Emulsions can be produced with different systems. In the following, the process of high‐pressure homogenization is briefly compared to other common mechanical emulsification systems. To facilitate the selection of an emulsification system, the influence of the most important parameters of the emulsion formulation on the resulting mean droplet diameter in the most prevalent continuous emulsification systems is outlined. Subsequently, the most common high‐pressure homogenization systems are discussed in detail. On the basis of data from the literature and own experimental results the described high‐pressure homogenization systems will be compared regarding their attainable mean droplet diameter. It shows that homogenizers with a relatively simple geometry like the patented “combined orifice valve” (Kombi‐Blende) attain the smallest mean droplet diameters. The advantage of the “combined orifice valve” compared to other high‐pressure homogenization systems is not more efficient droplet disruption but rather more efficient droplet stabilization against coalescence immediately after the droplet breakup. The greatest research potential concerning the development of new high‐pressure homogenization systems is still to be seen in improvements of droplet stabilization, i.e., the reduction of coalescence.
Nucleotide sequence surrounding multiple polyadenylation sites in the mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene. (1982)

We have previously reported the presence of four dihydrofolate reductase messenger RNAs differing in the length of 3' untranslated regions in murine cells (Setzer, D. R., McGrogan, M., Nunberg, J. H., and Schimke, R. T. (1980) Cell 22, 361-370). We have now mapped the 3' ends of these RNAs more precisely and have demonstrated colinearity between their shared sequences. Analysis of three larger dihydrofolate reductase RNAs has shown that these RNA species contain very long 3' noncoding regions, bringing the total number of dihydrofolate reductase RNAs to seven, ranging in length from 750 to 5600 nucleotides. We have determined the nucleotide sequence at and surrounding the polyadenylation sites of the four smaller RNAs. We find no striking structures in this sequence that might constitute multiple polyadenylation signals, but conclude that the putative polyadenylation signal AAUAAA is not required for polyadenylation of at least three of the four dihydrofolate reductase messengers.
<i>phnE</i> and <i>glpT</i> Genes Enhance Utilization of Organophosphates in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (1998)

Wild-type Escherichia coli K-12 strain JA221 grows poorly on low concentrations (< or = 1 mM) of diisopropyl fluorophosphate and its hydrolysis product, diisopropyl phosphate (DIPP), as sole phosphorus sources. Spontaneous organophosphate utilization (OPU) mutants were isolated that efficiently utilized these alternate sources of phosphate. A genomic library was constructed from one such OPU mutant, and two genes were isolated that conferred the OPU phenotype to strain JA221 upon transformation. These genes were identified as phnE and glpT. The original OPU mutation represented phnE gene activation and corresponded to the same 8-bp unit deletion from the cryptic wild-type E. coli K-12 phnE gene that has been shown previously to result in phnE activation. In comparison, sequence analysis revealed that the observed OPU phenotype conferred by the glpT gene was not the result of a mutation. PCR clones of glpT from both the mutant and the wild type were found to confer the OPU phenotype to JA221 when they were present on the high-copy-number pUC19 plasmid but not when they were present on the low-copy-number pWSK29 plasmid. This suggests that the OPU phenotype associated with the glpT gene is the result of amplification and overproduction of the glpT gene product. Both the active phnE and multicopy glpT genes facilitated effective metabolism of low concentrations of DIPP, whereas only the active phnE gene could confer the ability to break down a chromogenic substrate, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate-p-toluidine (X-Pi). This result indicates that in E. coli, X-Pi is transported exclusively by the Phn system, whereas DIPP (or its metabolite) may be transported by both Phn and Glp systems.