gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power grid physics and implications for CAD (2006)

Much research has been done lately concerning analysis and optimization techniques for on-chip power grid networks.However, all of these approaches assume a particular model or behavior of the power delivery.In this paper, we describe the first detailed full-die dynamic model of an industrial microprocessor design, including package and non-uniform decap distribution.This model is justified from the ground up using a full-wave model and then increasingly larger but less detailed models with only the irrelevant elements removed.Using these models we show that there is little impact of on-die inductance in such a design, and that the package is critical to understanding resonant properties of the grid.We also show that transient effects are sensitive to non-uniform de-cap distribution and that locality is a tight function of frequency and of the package-die resonance, producing newly explained localized resonant effects.Specifically, all of these points have impact on what kind of analysis and optimization are required from CAD.
Dynamic microcompartmentation in synthetic cells (2005)

An experimental model for cytoplasmic organization is presented. We demonstrate dynamic control over protein distribution within synthetic cells comprising a lipid bilayer membrane surrounding an aqueous polymer solution. This polymer solution generally exists as two immiscible aqueous phases. Protein partitioning between these phases leads to microcompartmentation, or heterogeneous protein distribution within the "cell" interior. This model cytoplasm can be reversibly converted to a single phase by slight changes in temperature or osmolarity, such that local protein concentrations can be manipulated within the vesicle interior.
FENESTRA NOV-OVALIS: A NEW OVAL WINDOW FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF HEARING IN CASES OF OTOSCLEROSIS (1941)

Practical, serviceable physiologic hearing of air-borne sound can be surgically restored to the deafened person by fenestrating the external semicircular canal with the technic which I<sup>1</sup>have described, and the improvement, once obtained, can be maintained postoperatively provided: That the fenestration operation is performed in a properly selected case of deafness. That complete or partial closure of the newly created fenestra as a result of osteogenesis or fibrosis does not take place. The fenestra must remain widely patent. After having performed 375 fenestration operations and observed and studied the end results, I am convinced that fenestration of the labyrinth is indicated only in those cases in which air conduction deafness has resulted from stapedial fixation and degeneration of the cochlear nerve has not yet produced impairment of hearing for the conversational frequencies 512, 1024 and 2048. I am equally convinced that desirable late end results cannot be obtained in
Porting OpenVMS from VAX to Alpha AXP (1993)

article Free Access Share on Porting OpenVMS from VAX to Alpha AXP Authors: Nancy Kronenberg Digital Equipment Corp., Nashua, NH Digital Equipment Corp., Nashua, NHView Profile , Thomas R. Benson Digital Equipment Corp., Nashua, NH Digital Equipment Corp., Nashua, NHView Profile , Wayne M. Cardoza Digital Equipment Corp., Nashua, NH Digital Equipment Corp., Nashua, NHView Profile , Ravindran Jagannathan Digital Equipment Corp., Nashua, NH Digital Equipment Corp., Nashua, NHView Profile , Benjamin J. Thomas Digital Equipment Corp., Nashua, NH Digital Equipment Corp., Nashua, NHView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 36Issue 2Feb. 1993pp 45–53https://doi.org/10.1145/151220.151224Published:01 February 1993Publication History 4citation459DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads459Last 12 Months39Last 6 weeks11 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
<i>In Vitro</i>Synergistic Activity of Colistin with Aminoglycosides, Beta-Lactams and Rifampin against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria (2007)

(2007). In Vitro Synergistic Activity of Colistin with Aminoglycosides, Beta-Lactams and Rifampin against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. Journal of Chemotherapy: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 226-229.
VLSI Architecture for Anti-Aliasing (1989)

Computer-synthesized images exhibit the typical artifacts of raster displays, called alias­ ing, rastering, staircasing or the "jaggies". Display of an image on a raster CRT requires the sampling the two dimensional image signal I( x, y) to obtain a pixel-based description of intensity. Unfortinately, this sampling process treates the pixel as a mathematical point and the point sampling of an unfiltered object is never correct at any resolution. Aliasing effects (spatial and temporal) are due to undersampling of the image signal. Spatial aliasing occurs when images contain frequencies greater than one half the spa­ tial sampling frequency. Lines that should be straight appear jagged, very small objects may not be visible, portions of long thin objects may disappear.
Game-Theoretic Framework for Integrity Verification in Computation Outsourcing (2016)

n the cloud computing era, in order to avoid computational burdens, many organizations tend to outsource their computations to third-party cloud servers. In order to protect service quality, the integrity of computation results need to be guaranteed. In this paper, we develop a game theoretic framework which helps the outsourcer to maximize its payo while ensuring the desired level of integrity for the outsourced computation. We de ne two Stackelberg games and analyze the optimal se ing’s sensitivity for the parameters of the model.
Algebraic surface design with Hermite interpolation (1992)

This paper presents an efficient algorithm called Hermite interpolation, for constructing low-degree algebraic surfaces, which contain, with C 1 or tangent plane continuity, any given collection of points and algebraic space curves having derivative information. Positional as well as derivative constraints on an implicitly defined algebraic surface are translated into a homogeneous linear system, where the unknowns are the coefficients of the polynomial defining the algebraic surface. Computaional details of the Hermite interpolation algorithm are presented along with several illustrative applications of the interpolation technique to construction of joining or blending surfaces for solid models as well as fleshing surfaces for curved wire frame models. A heuristic approach to interactive shape control of implicit algebraic surfaces is also given, and open problems in algebraic surface design are discussed.
Automatic Nonrigid Calibration of Image Registration for Real Time MR-Guided HIFU Ablations of Mobile Organs (2011)

Real time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is rapidly gaining importance in interventional therapies. An accurate motion estimation is required for mobile targets and can be conveniently addressed using an image registration algorithm. Since the adaptation of the control parameters of the algorithm depends on the application (targeted organ, location of the tumor, slice orientation, etc.), typically an individual calibration is required. However, the assessment of the estimated motion accuracy is difficult since the real target motion is unknown. In this paper, existing criteria based only on anatomical image similarity are demonstrated to be inadequate. A new criterion is introduced, which is based on the local magnetic field distribution. The proposed criterion was used to assess, during a preparative calibration step, the optimal configuration of an image registration algorithm derived from the Horn and Schunck method. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated in a moving phantom experiment, which allows the comparison with the known motion pattern and to an established criterion based on anatomical images. The usefulness of the method for the calibration of optical-flow based algorithms was also demonstrated in vivo under conditions similar to thermo-ablation for the abdomen of twelve volunteers. In average over all volunteers, a resulting displacement error of 1.5 mm was obtained (largest observed error equal to 4-5 mm) using a criterion based on anatomical image similarity. A better average accuracy of 1 mm was achieved using the proposed criterion (largest observed error equal to 2 mm). In both kidney and liver, the proposed criterion was shown to provide motion field accuracy in the range of the best achievable.
Respiratory Ordered Phase Encoding (ROPE) (1985)

A method of reducing respiratory artefact when using the spin warp technique of magnetic resonance imaging is described. A respiratory signal is used to determine the order in which the rows of the data matrix are measured. The aim is to make the respiratory signal at the time of each phase encoding gradient a slowly varying function of the time integral of the gradient and hence of the row number. Data are collected during each cycle of the imaging sequence; thus the scanning time is not increased. Index Terms: Artifacts— Nuclear magnetic resonance, physics—Nuclear magnetic resonance, techniques—Nuclear magnetic resonance.
Elementary and Global Aspects of Calcium Signalling (1997)

Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger used to regulate a wide range of cellular processes. This role in signalling has to be conducted against the rigid homeostatic mechanisms that ensure that the resting level of Ca2+ is kept low (i.e. between 20 and 100 nmol l-1) in order to avoid the cytotoxic effects of a prolonged elevation of [Ca2+]. Cells have evolved a sophisticated signalling system based on the generation of brief pulses of Ca2+ which enables this ion to be used as a messenger, thus avoiding its toxic effects. Such Ca2+ spikes usually result from the coordinated release of Ca2+ from internal stores using either inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate or ryanodine receptors. Using Ca2+ imaging techniques, the opening of individual channels has now been visualized and models have been proposed to explain how these elementary events are coordinated to generate the global Ca2+ signals that regulate cellular activity.
An adaptive digital technique for compensating for analog quadrature modulator/demodulator impairments (2002)

Analog quadrature modulators and demodulators have three major impairments: gain imbalance, phase imbalance, and dc-offset. A digital technique is presented for compensation of these modulator and demodulator impairments. Part of the RF signal is fed to an envelope detector. The detector output, along with the baseband quadrature components, is used to estimate the impairment values. The estimated impairment values are then used to compensate for the impairments. Simulation results show that spurious signals can be suppressed by more than 30 dB using this technique. The effect of modulator/demodulator impairments on RF power amplifier linearization techniques is also discussed. The quadrature modulator and demodulator impairment compensator can decrease intermodulation distortion products by 12 dB for the complex gain predistorter and by about 5 dB for the Cartesian coordinate negative feedback method of RF power amplifier linearization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Interaction of Relaxin with the Rat Uterus. I. Effect on Cyclic Nucleotide Levels and Spontaneous Contractile Activity* (1980)

Three different preparations of relaxin elevated cAMP levels in isometrically suspended uterine strips obtained from estrogen-primed female rats in the presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. The effect was time and dose dependent, with maximal response at 20 min and 1 microgram/ml, respectively. No changes in cGMP levels were observed. No significant response was observed in ileum, vas deferens, epididymis, or testicular capsule. In the absence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, relaxin markedly suppressed spontaneous contractile activity at doses of 0.36 and 0.96 microgram/ml but did not elevate cAMP in this dose range. While the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol suppressed both the relaxant action and cAMP stimulation promoted by isoproterenol, it did not interfere with the effect of relaxin on these same parameters. Relaxin is therefore capable of relaxing uterine muscle and elevating cAMP by mechanisms which probably do not require beta-adrenergic mediation. It is not clear at present whether the effects of relaxin on cAMP levels and contractile activity are causally related.
The computation of scatter in mammography by Monte Carlo methods (1984)

A Monte Carlo computer program has been used to calculate the ratio of the scatter-to-primary radiation recorded by a range of image receptors used in mammography. The dependence of this ratio on breast size and photon energy has been investigated and the contributions of different sources of scattered radiation examined. The use of magnification and grid techniques have been included in the program and the performance of the Philips mammographic grid examined in detail. The results of the calculations are in good agreement with the limited experimental data available.
Morphology-controlled Lead Selenide Nanocrystals and Their In Situ Growth on Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

High-quality colloidal lead selenide (PbSe) nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized with various morphologies in a controlled manner by changing the growth temperature and capping ligand. When oleic acid was used as a ligand and activating agent for the Pb precursor, the evolution of the NCs from nanodots to nanocubes was achieved. The nanocubes can be progressively transformed into nanosized flowers, stars, hexapods, and tetrapods by decreasing the growth temperature, when using phosphonic acid instead of oleic acid. The tetrapods, whose branches are grown along the [111] direction, were produced at the lowest temperature. These systematic morphology-control strategies were applied to the in situ growth of PbSe NCs on carbon nanotubes, showing the successful production of dot, octahedron, tetragon, zigzagged rod, and tapered hexapod shaped PbSe NCs. We suggest that the carbon nanotubes would enhance the [100] growth of PbSe NCs, forming unique morphologies, which were not observed without carbon nanotubes.
The influence of exercise on the growth of transplanted rat tumors. (1962)

Summary Growth of the Walker 256 tumor in vigorously exercised male Wistar rats was compared with that of control animals confined in small, individual cages, permitting a minimum of movement. In each instance the weight of the tumor in the control group significantly exceeded that in the exercised group. In several instances there was complete tumor regression in the exercised animals. Rat muscles were suspended in a 0.85 per cent NaCl bath and electrically stimulated to “fatigue.” An extract of this bath (F-Substance) inhibited the growth of the Walker 256 and Murphy lymphosarcoma when injected either at the tumor site or on the opposite side. An extract prepared in a similar manner from nonfatigued muscle was found to be ineffective.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Effects of CdSe Quantum Dot Size, Surface Charge, and Functionalization on Primary Human Lung Cells (2012)

The growing potential of quantum dots (QDs) in applications as diverse as biomedicine and energy has provoked much dialogue about their conceivable impact on human health and the environment at large. Consequently, there has been an urgent need to understand their interaction with biological systems. Parameters such as size, composition, surface charge, and functionalization can be modified in ways to either enhance biocompatibility or reduce their deleterious effects. In the current study, we simultaneously compared the impact of size, charge, and functionalization alone or in combination on biological responses using primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Using a suite of cellular end points and gene expression analysis, we determined the biological impact of each of these properties. Our results suggest that positively charged QDs are significantly more cytotoxic compared to negative QDs. Furthermore, while QDs functionalized with long ligands were found to be more cytotoxic than those functionalized with short ligands, negative QDs functionalized with long ligands also demonstrated size-dependent cytotoxicity. We conclude that QD-elicited cytotoxicity is not a function of a single property but a combination of factors. The mechanism of toxicity was found to be independent of reactive oxygen species formation, as cellular viability could not be rescued in the presence of the antioxidant n-acetyl cysteine. Further exploring these responses at the molecular level, we found that the relatively benign negative QDs increased gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and those associated with DNA damage, while the highly toxic positive QDs induced changes in genes associated with mitochondrial function. In an attempt to tentatively "rank" the contribution of each property in the observed QD-induced responses, we concluded that QD charge and ligand length, and to a lesser extent, size, are key factors that should be considered when engineering nanomaterials with minimal bioimpact (charge > functionalization > size).
Nicotine replacement: a new approach to reducing tobacco-related harm (1998)

Primary prevention is usually regarded as the most desirable goal in efforts to control tobacco-related diseases. However, this has not been very effective so far; moreover, it would take 30-40 yrs for primary prevention to translate into major health benefits. Modification of tobacco products and/or reduction of tobacco use may also have some impact on tobacco-related diseases. A tobacco dose-dependent risk has been observed in these diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic nonspecific respiratory disorders, and problems during pregnancy. Reduced smoking (smoking fewer cigarettes, leading to a reduced intake of toxic substances) may be indicated in individuals who: 1) are failing in cessation attempts; 2) want to quit but are unable to do so; and 3) do not want to quit but want to reduce smoking. Studies have shown that nicotine replacement medications may be an untapped source in efforts to reduce smoking. Based on Austrian data, it is estimated that, approximately 10 yrs after implementation, a 1% reduction in smoking could save 14 male lung cancer deaths each year, and a 50% reduction would save 700 male lives. Inclusion of females and other tobacco-related diseases suggest that thousands of lives could be saved if smoking could be reduced by 50%. In the European Union, such a reduction in smoking could save > or = 100,000 lives annually. Even a 1% reduction would save 1,000 lives. In conclusion, reduced smoking should be explored as a valid method of reducing tobacco-related harm in those unwilling or unable to quit smoking.
Fuzzy techniques for trust and reputation management in anonymous peer‐to‐peer systems (2006)

Abstract Peer‐to‐peer (P2P) applications are rapidly gaining acceptance among users of Internet‐based services, especially because of their capability of exchanging resources while preserving the anonymity of both requesters and providers. However, concerns have been raised about the possibility that malicious users can exploit the network to spread tampered‐with resources (e.g., malicious programs and viruses). A considerable amount of research has thus focused on the development of trust and reputation models in P2P networks. In this article, we propose to use fuzzy techniques in the design of reputation systems based on collecting and aggregating peers' opinions. Fuzzy techniques are used in the evaluation and synthesis of all the opinions expressed by peers. The behavior of the proposed system is described by comparison with probabilistic approaches.
Voltage clamp of the <i>Aplysia</i> giant neurone: early sodium and calcium currents (1970)

1. The membrane properties of the Aplysia giant neurone were studied under controlled voltage conditions. Emphasis was placed on the early transient currents resulting from step polarizations applied while the ganglion was immersed in different test solutions.2. Early inward-going currents were observed when the neurone was bathed in normal saline (containing both Na and Ca), in Ca-free (Na-containing) saline, in Na-free (Ca-containing) saline, and in the normal saline to which tetrodotoxin 10(-5) g/ml. was added. When both Na and Ca are absent from the bathing solution no evidence for early inward-going current could be found.3. When tetrodotoxin is added to the normal saline, the maximum inward-going current is reduced, and no further reduction of this current is observed when the external Na-concentration is subsequently halved in the presence of the drug. When the external Ca-concentration is increased fivefold in the presence of the drug, the maximum transient current increases significantly.4. Hyperpolarizing prepulses result in a membrane inactivation in the presence of tetrodotoxin or in the absence of Na. In the presence of Na (and absence of tetrodotoxin) no such voltage-dependent inactivation occurs, and for this case, inactivation results only from depolarizing prepulses.
A tangible programming tool for creation of context-aware applications (2013)

End-user programming tools, if properly designed, have the potential to empower end-users to create context-aware applications tailored to their own needs and lives, in order to help them break bad habits and change their behaviors. In this work, we present GALLAG Strip, an easy to use mobile and tangible tool that allows users to create context-aware applications without the need of programming experience. It enables programming by physical demonstration of envisioned interactions with the same sensors and objects that users will later encounter in their finished application. After an initial pilot to verify the usability of GALLAG Strip, we conducted a user study to evaluate the effects of tangible programming in terms of ease of use, engagement, and facilitation of the ideation process. We found that tangibility has both benefits and drawbacks, and suggest a mixed tangible and non-tangible approach for better user experience.
δ-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID, ITS ROLE IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF PORPHYRINS AND PURINES<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTδ-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID, ITS ROLE IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF PORPHYRINS AND PURINES1David Shemin and Charlotte S. RussellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 19, 4873–4874Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01115a546https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01115a546research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations289LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts