gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arginine deprivation therapy for malignant melanoma (2012)

Despite recent development of promising immunotherapeutic and targeted drugs, prognosis in patients with advanced melanoma remains poor, and a cure for this disease remains elusive in most patients. The success of melanoma therapy depends on a better understanding of the biology of melanoma and development of drugs that effectively target the relevant genes or proteins essential for tumor cell survival. Melanoma cells frequently lack argininosuccinate synthetase, an essential enzyme for arginine synthesis, and as a result they become dependent on the availability of exogenous arginine. Accordingly, a therapeutic approach involving depletion of available arginine has been shown to be effective in preclinical studies. Early clinical studies have demonstrated sufficient antitumor activity to give rise to cautious optimism. In this article, the rationale for arginine deprivation therapy is discussed. Additionally, various strategies for depleting arginine are discussed and the preclinical and clinical investigations of arginine deprivation therapy in melanoma are reviewed.
The Effect of Feature Displacement on Face Recognition (1984)

Human beings possess a remarkable ability to recognise familiar faces quickly and without apparent effort. In spite of this facility, the mechanisms of visual recognition remain tantalizingly obscure. An experiment is reported in which image processing equipment was used to displace slightly the features of a set of original facial images to form groups of modified images. Observers were then required to indicate whether they were being shown the "original" or a "modified" face, when shown one face at a time on a TV monitor screen. Memory reinforcement was provided by displaying the original face at another screen position, between presentations. The data show, inter alia, the very high significance of the vertical positioning of the mouth, followed by eyes, and then the nose, as well as high sensitivity to close-set eyes, coupled with marked insensitivity to wide-set eyes. Implications of the results for the use of recognition aids such as Identikit and Photofit are briefly discussed.
Synthesis, Crystal Chemistry, and Electrochemical Properties of Li<sub>7–2<i>x</i></sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2–<i>x</i></sub>Mo<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>12</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.1–0.4): Stabilization of the Cubic Garnet Polymorph via Substitution of Zr<sup>4+</sup> by Mo<sup>6+</sup> (2015)

Cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnets are exceptionally well suited to be used as solid electrolytes or protecting layers in "Beyond Li-ion Battery" concepts. Unfortunately, cubic LLZO is not stable at room temperature (RT) and has to be stabilized by supervalent dopants. In this study we demonstrate a new possibility to stabilize the cubic phase at RT via substitution of Zr(4+) by Mo(6+). A Mo(6+) content of 0.25 per formula unit (pfu) stabilizes the cubic LLZO phase, and the solubility limit is about 0.3 Mo(6+) pfu. Based on the results of neutron powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, Mo(6+) is located at the octahedrally coordinated 16a site of the cubic garnet structure (space group Ia-3d). Since Mo(6+) has a smaller ionic radius compared to Zr(4+) the lattice parameter a0 decreases almost linearly as a function of the Mo(6+) content. The highest bulk Li-ion conductivity is found for the 0.25 pfu composition, with a typical RT value of 3.4 × 10(-4) S cm(-1). An additional significant resistive contribution originating from the sample interior (most probably from grain boundaries) could be identified in impedance spectra. The latter strongly depends on the prehistory and increases significantly after annealing at 700 °C in ambient air. Cyclic voltammetry experiments on cells containing Mo(6+) substituted LLZO indicate that the material is stable up to 6 V.
Targeting Neural-Restrictive Silencer Factor Sensitizes Tumor Cells to Antibody-Based Cancer Immunotherapy In Vitro via Multiple Mechanisms (2010)

Tumor cells escape clearance by complement by abundantly expressing CD59 and other membrane complement regulators. Recently, we designed a peptide derived from the neural-restrictive silencer factor (REST), REST68, which we showed to inhibit expression of CD59 in tumors lacking the full-length REST and proposed a detailed model for regulation of CD59 expression via interplay between REST and nucleolin (NCL) transcription factors. In this paper, we study in detail the mechanisms for sensitization of malignant cells to Ab-based cancer immunotherapy by the REST68 peptide and the implications of the REST/NCL model for the design of treatment resulting in higher tumor susceptibility. REST68 inhibited CD59 expression in malignant cells expressing either truncated or full-length REST, but not in nonmalignant cells. However, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in nonmalignant cells, a process that contributes to cellular transformation, phosphorylated NCL and enabled suppression of CD59 expression by the REST68. Combined treatment of different tumor types with REST68 and PKC inhibitor synergized to further suppress CD59 expression and reduce resistance to complement lysis. The combined treatment also increased susceptibility of tumors expressing either of the REST isoforms to PBMC-mediated killing, which, at least in part, accounted for the strong promotion of apoptosis by the REST68/PKC inhibitor. These data demonstrate that REST68 sensitizes tumors to Ab-based cancer immunotherapy via multiple mechanisms. Furthermore, the REST/NCL interplay model for regulation of expression of cd59 and other genes involved in cell survival enables the design of treatments for different tumor types to achieve more efficient tumor clearance.
Symbol Timing Recovery Algorithm with Near Timing-jitter Free for ATSC DTV Receivers (2007)

A fine symbol timing recovery (F-STR) algorithm with near timing-jitter free is proposed, which includes three parts: A Gardner TR circuit with a new- designed pre-filter as a ppm searcher, a high-order interpolation as an ideal re-sampler, and a segment sync or frame sync based STR circuit as an offset compensator. It can provide a near timing-jitter free property and its complexity can be further simplified by combining the last two units as one. Simulation results show that the proposed fine STR scheme is robust to noise and echoes. With a comparable complexity compared with previous arts, the proposed fine STR algorithm could give about 0.2 dB enhancements in terms oj symbol error rates (SER) and low bound of convergence can be improved by over I dB for Brazil B channel. Using the F-STR algorithm, receivers become feasible with large timing errors and severe echoes'.
Analysis of the Coupling Coefficient in Inductive Energy Transfer Systems (2014)

In wireless energy transfer systems, the energy is transferred from a power source to an electrical load without the need of physical connections. In this scope, inductive links have been widely studied as a way of implementing these systems. Although high efficiency can be achieved when the system is operating in a static state, it can drastically decrease if changes in the relative position and in the coupling coefficient between the coils occur. In this paper, we analyze the coupling coefficient as a function of the distance between two planar and coaxial coils in wireless energy transfer systems. A simple equation is derived from Neumann’s equation for mutual inductance, which is then used to calculate the coupling coefficient. The coupling coefficient is computed using CST Microwave Studio and compared to calculation and experimental results for two coils with an excitation signal of up to 10 MHz. The results showed that the equation presents good accuracy for geometric parameters that do not lead the solution of the elliptic integral of the first kind to infinity.
The role of electron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals in the palliative treatment of metastatic bone pain and for radiosynovectomy: applications of conversion electron emitter Tin-117m (2007)

A variety of radionuclides continue to be investigated and/or clinically used for different therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine. The choice of a particular radionuclide with regard to appropriate emissions, linear energy transfer (LET), and physical half-life, etc., is dictated to a large extent by the character of the disease (e.g., solid tumor or metastatic disease), and by the carrier to selectively transport the radionuclide to the desired site. An impressive body of information has appeared in the recent literature that addresses many of these considerations. This article summarizes and discusses the role of high-LET electron emitters and their advantage in the treatment of cancer or for other disorders in specific situations. Areas such as bone pain palliation, bone malignancy therapy, and radiation synovectomy are covered in greater detail. Projections are made as to the future directions and progress in these areas. A discussion of the various issues related to the selection criteria that are useful for choosing the appropriate radionuclide for a particular application is included. Use of high-LET electron emitters is discussed in greater detail, with particular emphasis on the use of conversion electron emitter tin-117m for various therapeutic applications.
Iterative autoassociative memory models for image recalls and pattern classifications (1991)

Autoassociative single-layer neural networks (SLNNs) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models have been designed to achieve English-character image recall and classification. These two models are trained on the pseudoinverse algorithm and backpropagation learning algorithms, respectively. Improvements on the error-correcting effect of these two models can be achieved by introducing a feedback structure which returns autoassociative image outputs and classification tag fields into the network's inputs. The two models are compared in terms of character image recall and classification capabilities. Experimental results indicative that the MLP network required longer learning time and a smaller number of weights, and showed more stable variations in noise-correcting capability and classification rate with respect to the change of the numbers of stored patterns than the SLNN.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bilirubin removal performance of immobilized albumin in a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (2006)

Human serum albumin (HSA)-immobilised magnetic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (mPHEMA) particles were investigated as an adsorbent for selective bilirubin removal from human plasma in a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed system. mPHEMA particles were prepared by suspension polymerization in the presence of Fe3O4 particles. mPHEMA particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface area and pore size measurements. The mPHEMA beads have a spherical shape and porous structure. The specific surface area of the mPHEMA particles was found to be 50 m2/g with a size range of 80-120 microm in diameter and the swelling ratio was 45%. Then, HSA was covalently coupled to the cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-activated mPHEMA particles. The amount of coupled HSA was arranged by changing the activation degree of particles (i.e., CNBr concentration). In vitro bilirubin removal was investigated from hyperbilirubinemic human plasma on the mPHEMA particles containing different amounts of immobilised HSA (between 11 and 100 mg/g). The non-specific bilirubin adsorption on the bare mPHEMA particles was 0.47 mg/g. Higher bilirubin adsorption capacities, up to 88.3 mg/g, were obtained with the HSA-immobilised magnetic particles. Bilirubin capacity decreased significantly from 75.0 mg/g to 40.0 mg/g polymer with the increase of the flow-velocity from 0.5 ml/min to 4.0 ml/min. Bilirubin adsorption increased with increasing temperature. Adsorption behavior of bilirubin could be modelled using the Langmuir isotherm.
Technique of goniocurettage: a potential treatment for advanced chronic open angle glaucoma (1997)

Morphological analysis of treated postmortem eyes confirmed that goniocurettage completely removed the trabecular meshwork and opened Schlemm's canal, ensuring direct access into the anterior chamber. In a small number of patients over a limited period of time this new surgical procedure resulted in a clinically significant pressure reduction. However, longer term follow up and a greater number of patients are warranted before this experimental procedure is applicable to eyes that would do well with conventional surgery.
Hardware resource allocation for hardware/software partitioning in the LYCOS system (1998)

This paper presents a novel hardware resource allocation technique for hardware/software partitioning. It allocates hardware resources to the hardware data-path using information such as data-dependencies between operations in the application, and profiling information. The algorithm is useful as a designer's/design tool's aid to generate good hardware allocations for use in hardware/software partitioning. The algorithm has been implemented in a tool under the LYCOS system. The results show that the allocations produced by the algorithm come close to the best allocations obtained by exhaustive search.
Dlx Homeobox Genes Promote Cortical Interneuron Migration from the Basal Forebrain by Direct Repression of the Semaphorin Receptor Neuropilin-2 (2007)

Dlx homeobox genes play an important role in vertebrate forebrain development. Dlx1/Dlx2 null mice die at birth with an abnormal cortical phenotype, including impaired differentiation and migration of GABAergic interneurons to the neocortex. However, the molecular basis for these defects downstream of loss of Dlx1/Dlx2 function is unknown. Neuropilin-2 (NRP-2) is a receptor for Class III semaphorins, which inhibit neuronal migration. Herein, we show that Neuropilin-2 is a specific DLX1 and DLX2 transcriptional target by applying chromatin immunoprecipitation to embryonic forebrain tissues. Both homeobox proteins repress Nrp-2 expression in vitro, confirming the functional significance of DLX binding. Furthermore, the homeodomain of DLX1 and DLX2 is necessary for DNA binding and this binding is essential for Dlx repression of Nrp-2 expression. Of importance, there is up-regulated and aberrant expression of NRP-2 in the forebrains of Dlx1/Dlx2 null mice. This is the first report that DLX1 or DLX2 can function as transcriptional repressors. Our data show that DLX proteins specifically mediate the repression of Neuropilin-2 in the developing forebrain. As well, our results support the hypothesis that down-regulation of Neuropilin-2 expression may facilitate tangential interneuron migration from the basal forebrain.
Overmodulation of intensity modulated signalsdue to stimulated Brillouin scattering (1994)

The authors give the first report of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibres causing waveform distortion in intensity modulatied (IM) optical signals. The effect of SBS on an IM optical signal is experimentally verified. SBS was found to induce overmodulation of the optical signal.
A contig of non-chimaeric YACs containing the spinal muscular atrophy gene in 5q13 (1993)

We have constructed a contig of non-chimaeric yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) across the candidate region for childhood autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in 5q13. A novel microsatellite reduces the candidate region to approximately 400kb of DNA distal to D5S435. The candidate region contains blocks of chromosome 5 specific repeats which have copies on 5p as well as elsewhere on 5q. Restriction mapping of the YACs reveals at least one CpG island in the SMA gene region. The YAC maps indicate that the contig contains minimal rearrangements or deletions. The data show the value of screening several YAC libraries simultaneously in order to construct a set of overlapping sequences suitable for candidate gene searches and direct genomic sequencing.
Design methodologies for system level IP (1998)

System-chip design which starts at the RTL-level today has hit a plateau of productivity and re-use which can be characterized as a Silicon Ceiling. Breaking through this plateau and moving to higher and more effective re-use of IP blocks and system-chip architectures demands a move to a new methodology: one in which the best aspects of today's RTL based methods are retained, but complemented by new levels of abstraction and the commensurate tools to allow designers to exploit the productivity inherent in these higher levels of abstraction. In addition, the need to quickly develop design derivatives, and to differentiate products based on standards, requires an increasing use of software IP. This paper will describe today's situation, the requirements to move beyond it, and sketch the outlines of near-term possible and practical solutions.
Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms of Melting and Crystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene by <i>in Situ</i> Raman Spectroscopy (2017)

In situ Raman spectroscopy has been used to reveal the molecular behavior of isotactic polypropylene during melting and crystallization. The 400 cm–1 band assigned to C–C–C bending shows a blue-shift during heating, suggesting an increase in conformational disorder, whereas the 1330 cm–1 band assigned to CH2 twisting shows a red-shift owing to an increase in the interchain distance. We suggest that interchain expansion proceeds even in the melt state, while the chain conformation becomes sufficiently disordered at the melting point. During the cooling process, the peak shifts at given temperatures are essentially the same as those during heating, except for the supercooled region where the peak shifts show obvious hystereses. By extrapolating the linear correlation between the peak shift of the 400 cm–1 band and the characteristic length along the chain axis, the critical stem size for crystallization is estimated to be ∼2.4 nm.
Unified Chassis Control for Rollover Prevention and Lateral Stability (2009)

This paper describes a unified chassis control (UCC) strategy to prevent vehicle rollover and improve vehicle lateral stability. A rollover index (RI), which indicates impending rollover, and a model-based roll state estimator are introduced to detect potential rollover. An RI/lateral stability-based rollover mitigation (ROM) controller is designed to reduce the danger of rollover without loss of vehicle lateral stability by integrating electronic stability control (ESC) and continuous damping control (CDC). Simulation results indicate that significant improvement in vehicle rollover prevention and lateral stability can be expected from the proposed UCC system.
Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells Mediate a Peptide-Induced Fatal Syndrome (2005)

Peptide immunotherapy both activates and suppresses the T cell response against known peptide Ags. Although pretreatment with VP2(121-130) peptide inhibits the development of antiviral CTL specific for the immunodominant D(b):VP2(121-130) epitope expressed during acute Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection, i.v. injection of this same peptide or MHC tetramers containing the peptide during an ongoing antiviral CTL response results in a peptide-induced fatal syndrome (PIFS) within 48 h. Susceptibility to PIFS is dependent on peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells, varies among inbred strains of mice, and is not mediated by traditionally defined mechanisms of shock. Analyses using bone marrow chimeras and mutant mice demonstrate that susceptibility to PIFS is determined by the genotype of bone marrow-derived cells and requires the expression of perforin. Animals responding to peptide treatment with PIFS develop classical stress responses in the brain. These findings raise important considerations for the development of peptide therapies for active diseases to modify immune responses involving expanded populations of T cells. In summary, treatment with peptides or MHC-tetramers during a peptide-specific immune response can result in a fatal shock-like syndrome. Susceptibility to the syndrome is genetically determined, is mediated by CD8(+) T cells, and requires expression of perforin. These findings raise concerns about the use of peptides and MHC tetramers in therapeutic schemes.
Testing object-oriented programs using dynamic aspects and non-determinism (2010)

The implementation of unit tests with mock objects and stubs often involves substantial manual work. Stubbed methods return simple default values, therefore variations of these values require separate test cases. The integration of mock objects often requires more infrastructure code and design decisions exposing private data. We present an approach that both improves the expressiveness of test cases using non-deterministic choice and reduces design modifications using dynamic aspect-oriented programming techniques.
Early‐Stage Comparative Sustainability Assessment of New Bio‐based Processes (2013)

Our increasing demand for materials and energy has put critical roadblocks on our path towards a sustainable society. To remove these roadblocks, it is important to engage in smart research and development (R&D). We present an early-stage sustainability assessment framework that is used to analyze eight new bio-based process alternatives developed within the CatchBio research consortium in the Netherlands. This assessment relies on a multi-criteria approach, integrating the performance of chemical conversions based on five indicators into an index value. These indicators encompass economics, environmental impact, hazards and risks thereby incorporating elements of green chemistry principles, and techno-economic and life cycle assessments. The analyzed bio-based options target the production of fuels and chemicals through chemical catalysis. For each bio-based process, two R&D stages (current laboratory and expected future) are assessed against a comparable conventional process. The multi-criteria assessment in combination with the uncertainty and scenario analysis shows that the chemical production processes using biomass as feedstock can provide potential sustainability benefits over conventional alternatives. However, further development is necessary to realize the potential benefits from biomass gasification and pyrolysis processes for fuel production. This early stage assessment is intended as an input for R&D decision making to support optimal allocation and utilization of resources to further develop promising bio-based processes.
Use of an instrument sandwiched between the hoof and shoe to measure vertical ground reaction forces and three-dimensional acceleration at the walk, trot, and canter in horses (2000)

The recording instrument developed for use in the present study allowed us to record vertical ground reaction force and acceleration in 3 dimensions in horses at the walk, trot, and canter.
Capacity-Based Uplink Scheduling Using Long-Term Channel Knowledge (2007)

In the multi-user MIMO uplink channel, the presence of multiple receive antennas enables the base station to serve a number of users simultaneously, thus increasing overall system throughput. In practice, users have to be scheduled instead of being served all at once. In this work, a novel scheduling metric is proposed based on ergodic sum capacity. A low-SNR Taylor series of the capacity expression is combined with a receiver-correlation channel model to obtain a robust measure of spatial compatibility. Long-term channel knowledge at the base station is sufficient for metric evaluation, which significantly reduces the amount of required channel sounding, compared to previously proposed schemes.