gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence depolarization studies of phase transitions and fluidity in phospholipid bilayers. 1. Single component phosphatidylcholine liposomes (1976)

The fluorescence depolarization associated with the hydrophobic fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene is used to monitor the changes in fluidity accompanying the gel-liquid crystalline phase transition in synthetic phosphatidycholine dispersions. The parameters of the phase transition are determined for both large, multilamellar liposomes and small, single-lamellar vesicles. These parameters are compared with those obtained using other techniques. In addition, the data are interpreted in terms of two limiting molecular models, which in turn offer insight into the structural differences between multilammelar liposomes and small vesicles.
Protein–protein interaction and quaternary structure (2008)

Protein-protein recognition plays an essential role in structure and function. Specific non-covalent interactions stabilize the structure of macromolecular assemblies, exemplified in this review by oligomeric proteins and the capsids of icosahedral viruses. They also allow proteins to form complexes that have a very wide range of stability and lifetimes and are involved in all cellular processes. We present some of the structure-based computational methods that have been developed to characterize the quaternary structure of oligomeric proteins and other molecular assemblies and analyze the properties of the interfaces between the subunits. We compare the size, the chemical and amino acid compositions and the atomic packing of the subunit interfaces of protein-protein complexes, oligomeric proteins, viral capsids and protein-nucleic acid complexes. These biologically significant interfaces are generally close-packed, whereas the non-specific interfaces between molecules in protein crystals are loosely packed, an observation that gives a structural basis to specific recognition. A distinction is made within each interface between a core that contains buried atoms and a solvent accessible rim. The core and the rim differ in their amino acid composition and their conservation in evolution, and the distinction helps correlating the structural data with the results of site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro studies of self-assembly.
Design of a health care architecture for medical data interoperability and application integration (2002)

The Internet is changing the face of medical research. The current world of isolated research and proprietary data encodings is evolving into a future of standardized medical databases and integrated medical applications, such as clinical decision support systems. This paper explores the use of XML, and its associated Schema Language, to enhance sharing of medical data. XML enables data portability and will reach its full potential when the medical community develops a standardized basis for medical schema content and shares these schemas in recognized repositories. Our research group is currently harnessing XML's standardization potential by designing a standards-compliant, medical information infrastructure that will allow for seamless integration of all our clinical decision support tools.
Direct evidence for spinal cord microglia in the development of a neuropathic pain‐like state in mice (2006)

The present study was undertaken to further investigate the role of glial cells in the development of the neuropathic pain-like state induced by sciatic nerve ligation in mice. At 7 days after sciatic nerve ligation, the immunoreactivities (IRs) of the specific astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the specific microglial marker OX-42, but not the specific oligodendrocyte marker O4, were increased on the ipsilateral side of the spinal cord dorsal horn in nerve-ligated mice compared with that on the contralateral side. Furthermore, a single intrathecal injection of activated spinal cord microglia, but not astrocytes, caused thermal hyperalgesia in naive mice. Furthermore, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells on the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord were significantly increased at 7 days after nerve ligation and were highly co-localized with another microglia marker, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), but neither with GFAP nor a specific neural nuclei marker, NeuN, in the spinal dorsal horn of nerve-ligated mice. The present data strongly support the idea that spinal cord astrocytes and microglia are activated under the neuropathic pain-like state, and that the proliferated and activated microglia directly contribute to the development of a neuropathic pain-like state in mice.
Fluid Identification in Light Hydrocarbons Using NMR and Downhole Fluid Analyzers (2012)

Abstract In hydrocarbon reservoirs, fluid types can often vary from dry gas to volatile oil in the same column. Because of varying and unknown invasion patterns and inexact clay volume estimations, fluid types differentiation based on conventional logs is not always conclusive. A case study is presented utilizing advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques in conjunction with the latest downhole fluid analysis (DFA) measurements from wireline formation testers to accurately assess the hydrocarbon type variations. The saturation profiling data from an NMR diffusion-based tool provides fluid typing information in a continuous depth log. This approach can be limited by invasion. On the other hand, formation testers allow taking in-situ measurements of the virgin fluids beyond the invaded zone, but only at discrete depths. Hence, the two measurements ideally complement each other. In this case study, NMR saturation profiling was acquired over a series of channelized reservoirs. There is a transition from a water zone into an oil zone, and then into a rich gas reservoir, indicated by both the DFA and the NMR measurements. Above the rich gas is a dry gas interval that is conclusively in a separate compartment. Diffusion-based NMR identifies the fluid type in a series of thin reservoirs above this main section, in which no samples were taken. NMR and DFA both detect compositional gradients, invisible to conventional logs. The work presented in this paper demonstrates how the integration of measurements from various tools can lead to a better understanding of fluid types and distribution.
Managing Lost Circulation in Highly Fractured, Vugular Formations: Engineered Usage of High Fluid Loss Squeeze and Reticulated Foam Lost Circulation Materials (2020)

Abstract Controlling severe to total lost circulation in naturally fractured/vugular formations has always been challenging, particularly in carbonate formations across the Middle East. For such situations, conventional particulate lost circulation materials (LCMs) might not be effective. An extension to the work presented on a high fluid loss squeeze (HFLS) and reticulated foam LCM that provides further technical justification for making such LCMs more suitable for severe to total losses in uncertain situations is discussed. Savari et al. (2016) presented laboratory evaluation methodology, test results, and field applications of the subject HFLS and reticulated foam LCM. At the time, laboratory test data were presented for the LCM combination that could seal a laboratory-simulated fracture/slot size of 9,800 microns. For the current work, a similar test setup evaluated the efficiency of this LCM to seal larger openings. An adapter with an opening of 31,700 microns was used, and the combination of HFLS and reticulated foam LCM successfully sealed the opening when tested using an industry standard test setup. For laboratory-based tests, the combination of HFLS LCM and different-sized reticulated foam LCM was successful in sealing a 31,700 micron opening. An industry standard test setup [permeability plugging apparatus (PPA)] was used to evaluate the LCM. The same LCM combination was mixed in different bases, such as water, diesel, mineral oil, and brines; further, the LCM combination was weighted to determine if the sealing performance was consistent. For the aforementioned variations, the LCM combination was successful in sealing the 31,700 micron opening. The LCM plug was also evaluated for the maximum differential pressure it can withstand in wet conditions and for its compressive strength. Under wet conditions, the plug withheld 4000 psi differential pressure and yielded a compressive strength of approximately 400 to 2,800 psi. The latest test data were generated using industry standard PPA equipment with minor modifications. Hence, this helps provide an opportunity for end users to evaluate such LCMs in their own facilities to qualify and generate technical confidence in the LCM combinations before field application. The combination of HFLS and reticulated foam LCM can provide a technically efficient alternate to particulate solutions for managing severe to total losses in naturally fractured/vugular formations. Test data presented in this work are a first-of-its-kind reported in the petroleum industry literature for any comparable LCM, which further provides confidence in such LCM combinations and can help reduce well costs related to time and mud.
3D-printed devices for continuous-flow organic chemistry (2013)

We present a study in which the versatility of 3D-printing is combined with the processing advantages of flow chemistry for the synthesis of organic compounds. Robust and inexpensive 3D-printed reactionware devices are easily connected using standard fittings resulting in complex, custom-made flow systems, including multiple reactors in a series with in-line, real-time analysis using an ATR-IR flow cell. As a proof of concept, we utilized two types of organic reactions, imine syntheses and imine reductions, to show how different reactor configurations and substrates give different products.
Salicylic Acid, a Multifaceted Hormone to Combat Disease (2009)

For more than 200 years, the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) has been studied for its medicinal use in humans. However, its extensive signaling role in plants, particularly in defense against pathogens, has only become evident during the past 20 years. This review surveys how SA in plants regulates both local disease resistance mechanisms, including host cell death and defense gene expression, and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Genetic studies reveal an increasingly complex network of proteins required for SA-mediated defense signaling, and this process is amplified by several regulatory feedback loops. The interaction between the SA signaling pathway and those regulated by other plant hormones and/or defense signals is also discussed.
Effects of Aeration and Storage Temperature on Campylobacter Concentrations in Poultry Semen (2004)

Campylobacter is one of the most commonly reported bacterial causes of human foodborne infections in the United States. Recent evidence has demonstrated that Campylobacter is present in poultry semen and may contribute to the vertical transmission between the breeder hen and offspring. As Campylobacter is considered sensitive to oxygen and cold temperature, the objective of this study was to determine if aeration and storage temperature could reduce or eliminate Campylobacter in poultry semen. In 4 separate trials, pooled semen samples were collected from roosters or toms, diluted with a commercial poultry semen extender, and inoculated with an average of 10(7) cells/mL of a wild-type C. jejuni or C. coli semen isolate. Pooled ejaculates were then divided into 3 aeration treatments: Control (no aeration), air, or oxygen (gently bubbled for 20 min with atmospheric air or oxygen, respectively). Immediately after aeration, pooled semen samples were further divided to 3 test storage temperatures: 4, 23, or 42 degrees C. At 0, 2, 6, and 24 h of storage, samples were enumerated for Campylobacter. Aeration of the semen alone, or aeration with reduced temperatures (4 or 23 degrees C), did not reduce the amount of Campylobacter compared with the controls. Campylobacter concentrations were, however, reduced when stored at 42 degrees C for 24 h. This effect is associated with reduced sperm viability and is therefore not a practical treatment of reducing Campylobacter in semen. It appears alternative methods will be needed to eliminate Campylobacter from poultry semen.
NOx Aromatics Effects in Catalyst-Equipped Gasoline Vehicles (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Investigations into fuel compositional effects on emissions using model and full range fuels suggest aromatic components promote NO<sub>x</sub> conversion over the catalyst</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Steady state results derived from a single engine (Ricardo Gasoline Fuels Consortium data) show that at a typical part load condition, the catalyst removes NO<sub>x</sub> less effectively with lower aromatic fuels. Neither CO nor H<sub>2</sub> contribute significantly to catalyst performance.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Two vehicles were tested over a European cycle. Toluene formed more combustion chamber NO<sub>x</sub>, offset by increased catalyst conversion efficiency giving lower tailpipe NO<sub>x</sub> than isooctane in the vehicle with the better catalyst light-off and AFR control.</div>
Lack of evidence for an association between  -adducin and blood pressure regulation in Asian populations (2000)

Recent studies have found the tryptophan allele of a glycine to tryptophan polymorphism at position 460 (G460W) of the alpha-adducin protein to be associated with essential hypertension in European populations. We examined whether the tryptophan allele is associated with hypertension in a different population, comprised of subjects of Chinese origin from Taiwan, and Chinese and Japanese origin from the San Francisco Bay area and Hawaii. We adapted the 5' allelic discrimination assay or TaqMan to type individuals for the G460W polymorphism, and using this method we typed more than 1000 individuals. The frequency of the W allele was slightly increased in the treated subjects in the Chinese population (0.458 v 0.423) but not the Japanese population (0.549 v 0.558). We considered dominant, recessive, and additive models in our analysis. There was a significant result for a recessive model for systolic blood pressure in the Chinese population (chi2 6.84, df = 2, P < .05), but only suggestive evidence for diastolic blood pressure (chi2 3.30). In contrast, in the Japanese population, there was no evidence for a positive association under any model. For the combined Chinese and Japanese samples, the evidence for association with alpha-adducin was not significant.
Learning Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation from Multi-view Images (2018)

Accurate 3D human pose estimation from single images is possible with sophisticated deep-net architectures that have been trained on very large datasets. However, this still leaves open the problem of capturing motions for which no such database exists. Manual annotation is tedious, slow, and error-prone. In this paper, we propose to replace most of the annotations by the use of multiple views, at training time only. Specifically, we train the system to predict the same pose in all views. Such a consistency constraint is necessary but not sufficient to predict accurate poses. We therefore complement it with a supervised loss aiming to predict the correct pose in a small set of labeled images, and with a regularization term that penalizes drift from initial predictions. Furthermore, we propose a method to estimate camera pose jointly with human pose, which lets us utilize multiview footage where calibration is difficult, e.g., for pan-tilt or moving handheld cameras. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on established benchmarks, as well as on a new Ski dataset with rotating cameras and expert ski motion, for which annotations are truly hard to obtain.
Adaptive Image Enhancement Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (2017)

In this paper, image enhancement is realized by using the Incomplete Beta Function (IBF) as the gray transformation curve. The main idea is to employ Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABCA) to select the optimal parameters of IBF, which corresponds to the best curve of grayscale transformation. Designing specific fitness function constrains the evolutionary direction of the bees and then better images can be obtained. By comparing among the results of histogram equalization, unsharp masking, and Genetic Algorithm based methods, we come to the conclusion that ABCA is an effective method in image enhancement which is superior to the other three methods, and not only has the better optimizing ability than Genetic algorithm but also it converges quickly.
Absence of trichothecenes in toxigenic isolates of Fusarium moniliforme (1990)

Thirty-four isolates of Fusarium moniliforme were obtained from cereal grains collected in various parts of the world. The isolates were grown on rice and tested as a diet for toxicity to rats. Of these isolates, 53% caused death, 12% caused congestion and hemorrhage of the stomach and intestine as well as hematuria, 21% caused diarrhea, 38% caused weight loss, and 9% were nontoxic. The cultures were tested to T-2, HT-2, neosolaniol, acetyl-T-2, T-2-tetraol, iso-T-2, diacetoxyscirpenol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone-X, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, zearalenone, moniliformin, fusarochromanone, fusarin-C, and wortmannin; all were negative. In addition, F. moniliforme NRRL A25820 was grown on corn and banana fruit as solid substrates as well as on a defined liquid medium; none of the above toxins were found. When F. moniliforme NRRL A25820 was incorporated into a rat diet, no toxicity was noted. Twenty-eight additional isolates of F. moniliforme, isolated from feed associated with equine leukoencephalomalacia, were grown on cracked corn for 2 weeks. The cultures were negative when tested for deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, nivalenol, and fusarenone X. Seventy-five percent of the isolates were toxic to ducklings, indicating the presence of a toxin other than trichothecenes. Our results support the conclusion that F. moniliforme does not produce trichothecenes.
Purification and characterization of the major species of tyrosine protein kinase in rat liver. (1984)

The major species of tyrosine protein kinase of rat liver, has been purified to near homogeneity from liver cytosol. When the kinase was incubated with MnCl2 and [gamma-32P]ATP, two phosphoproteins with molecular masses of 72 and 75 kilodaltons were observed. The purified kinase, called p75 kinase, phosphorylates [Val5]angiotensin II, casein, vinculin, and a 34-kilodalton protein isolated from chicken embryo fibroblasts. However, it does not phosphorylate histones or IgG from Rous sarcoma virus tumor-bearing rabbits. The kinase does not contain any of the major antigenic determinants found in retroviral tyrosine protein kinases or in epidermal growth factor-receptor kinase. p75 kinase activity, as well as viral tyrosine protein kinase activity, is stimulated by heparin. Phosphorylation of angiotensin is also stimulated by high ionic strength. In contrast, casein phosphorylation by the kinase appeared to be inhibited by high salt. Kinetic properties of p75 kinase have been determined and have revealed some striking differences from those of most other tyrosine protein kinases. For instance, p75 kinase exhibits rather stringent dependence for its activity on ATP as phosphoryl donor and Mn2+ as divalent cation.
Development of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships and Computer-Aided Drug Design (1994)

Recent development of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) and computer-aided drug design contributed by the author and his coworkers was briefly reviewed. Fuzzy adaptive least-squares (FALS), a pattern recognition method for analysing structure-activity rating data to generate QSAR models was developed. A novel feature of FALS is that the degree to which each sample belongs to its activity class is given by a fuzzy membership function. Using FALS, non-congeneric QSAR analyses of carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and six kinds of pharmacokinetic properties of miscellaneous organic chemicals were performed to construct predictive models for drug design. In these QSAR analyses, the values of log P (partition coefficient in octanol/water) calculated by the simple method of Moriguchi et al. were used as the descriptor for hydrophobicity. The method of Moriguchi et al. is not only simple and convenient but also reliable in the application to 22 drugs selected by Rekker et al. compared to the Rekker method and the Hansch-Leo method. Lastly, a heulistic search method for active conformers using molecular mechanical conformational analysis and principal component analysis was proposed.
Design and analysis of a digitally controlled integrated flight/firecontrol system (1983)

An integrated flight/fire control system including a movable gun and gimbaled line-of-sight tracker was designed using root locus techniques for the inner analog control loops and discrete analysis of the sampled-data outer control loops. The control systems designed include a pitch orientational control system with an outer attitude control loop, a /?-/? lateral stability augmentation system with commanded yaw rate and a roll angle control system with an outer yaw attitude control loop, a velocity control system, a control loop for the movable gun, and the tracking control system. The tracking control system includes the digitally computed tracking control laws required to generate the inputs to the longitudinal and lateral flight control systems based on the tracking errors, the gimbaled tracker which provides line-of-sight information, and the digitally computed prediction angle. The discrete analysis was performed in the z plane using traditional methods as well as in the s plane using the Pad6 approximation to represent the e~Ts of the zero-order hold. A hybrid simulation showed that the system was capable of tracking a wide variety of target scenarios, including inverted flight to track an aircraft performing a split 5, with the gun on track for a major portion of each run.
The formation and using intellectual capital in the modern russian economy (2011)

This article examines the impact of institutional factors on the formation and using of intellectual capital in the Russian economy, which include financial and organizational institutions. Attention in the study is accented on institutional innovations and measures for create an innovative system, the ongoing in Russia. Scientific journal Economic sciences
Identification and Characterization of the Antifungal Substances of a Novel Streptomyces cavourensis NA4 (2015)

A new actinomycete strain NA4 was isolated from a deep-sea sediment collected from the South China Sea and showed promising antifungal activities against soilborne fungal pathogens. It was identified as Streptomyces cavourensis by morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic analyses based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence. The main antifungal components were isolated and identified from the fermentation culture as bafilomycins B1 and C1. These compounds exhibited significant antifungal activities and a broad antifungal spectrum. The results suggest that the Streptomyces cavourensis NA4 and bafilomycins B1 and C1 could be used as potential biocontrol agents for soilborne fungal diseases of plants.
A distributed multi-agent architecture for natural language processing (1988)

The paper presents a distributed multi-agent architecture for natural language processing. This architecture proposes a novel concept of distributed problem solving, which incorporates in a unitary framework the following key-points; large-grained heterogeneous agents, centralized knowledge-based control, and mixed event-driven and goal-driven operation. It provides, moreover, a flexible tool for the design of natural language processing systems, both motivated from the cognitive point of view and computationally effective and robust. The proposed architecture has been implemented in a fully running prototype system, and has been successfully applied in the domain of text understanding.