gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lyophilised reconstituted human platelets increase thrombus formation in a clinical ex vivo model of deep arterial injury (2012)

Platelets are the principal component of the innate haemostatic system that protect from traumatic bleeding. We investigated whether lyophilised human platelets (LHPs) could enhance clot formation within platelet-free and whole blood environments using an ex vivo model of deep arterial injury. Lyophilised human platelets were produced from stored human platelets and characterised using conventional, fluorescent and electron microscopic techniques. LHPs were resuspended in platelet-free plasma (PFP) obtained from citrated whole human blood to form final concentrations of 0, 20 and 200 x 10⁹ LHPs/L. LHPs with recalcified PFP or whole blood were perfused through the chamber at low (212 s⁻¹) and high (1,690 s⁻¹) shear rates with porcine aortic tunica media as thrombogenic substrate. LHPs shared morphological characteristics with native human platelets and were incorporated into clot generated from PFP or whole blood. Histomorphometrically measured mean thrombus area increased in a dose-dependent manner following the addition of LHPs to PFP under conditions of high shear [704 μm² ± 186 μm² (mean ± SEM), 1,511 μm² ± 320 μm² and 2,378 μm² ± 315 μm², for LHPs at 0, 20 and 200 x 10⁹ /l, respectively (p= 0.012)]. Lyophilised human platelets retain haemostatic properties when reconstituted in both PFP and whole blood, and enhance thrombus formation in a model of deep arterial injury. These data suggest that LHPs have the potential to serve as a therapeutic intervention during haemorrhage under circumstances of trauma, and platelet depletion or dysfunction.
Ultrahigh current-carrying capability in clean MgB2 films (2008)

We have studied the current-carrying capability of high quality epitaxial MgB2 films synthesized using the hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition technique by both transport measurement in nanobridge constrictions and magnetization measurement. An extremely high self-field critical current density Jc(0)&gt;108A∕cm2, approaching the theoretical depairing current of MgB2, was observed on a 150nm bridge, indicating an excellent current-carrying capability in these films. The magnetization measurement also showed very high Jc.
Differentially expressed genes in Men1 knockout and wild‑type embryoid bodies for pancreatic islet development (2011)

The Men1 gene has been identified as the gene responsible for MEN-1, a hereditary syndrome transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Disruption of the Men1 gene results in defects in the development of multiple organs, including pancreatic islets. Homozygous disruption of Men1 in mice causes embryonic lethality, making it difficult to determine the genes involved in defects of pancreatic islets during embryonic development. In this study, embryoid bodies formed from null mutant (Men1-/-) and wild-type (Men1+/+) embryonic stem cells were used as a model system to investigate the effects of the Men1 gene on pancreatic islet development. Using RT-PCR, SOX17, FOXA2 and NKX2.2 were found to be differentially expressed between the two embryoid bodies. Additionally, the gene expression profile of these Men1-/- embryoid bodies was characterized in detail by DNA microarray techniques, and a series of putative menin-targeted genes was identified. Our study suggests a critical role for Men1 in pancreatic islet development, and indicates that genes such as SOX17, FOXA2, NKX2.2 and SOX4 are potential targets of Men1.
Information-Guided Genetic Algorithm Approach to the Solution of MINLP Problems (2007)

Stochastic methods are widely used for the solution of optimization problems, because of the simplicities involved in algebraic manipulation of each particular problem. In practice, the feasible region of an engineering mixed-integer-nonlinear-programming (MINLP) problem is basically nonconvex and even rugged. Genetic algorithms (GAs) usually suffer from prematurity problems and require many different runs from different starting points, to avoid the trap of local minima. On the other hand, GAs may provide some possible local minima that have physical meanings for the engineers in its solution results. In this work, a novel genetic algorithmcalled a information-guided genetic algorithm (IGA)is developed to solve the general MINLP problems. This novel approach proposes the implementation of information theory to the mutation stage of GAs to refresh the premature population. Moreover, the detection index of prematurity of the population is based on the distances among the individuals. A local search is performed to improve the efficiency of this approach in every defined period. In this work, no initial feasible point or any problem transformation is required; thus, no additional variables and constraints are needed. On the other hand, in addition to the possible global optimum, some more local optimal solutions that may be interesting to the engineer were also found. Five examples, i.e., three multiproduct batch plant problems with different sizes, an optimization problem of regulatory metabolic reaction network, and a three-level pump network optimization problem are solved using this novel approach. The simulation results show that that the rate of convergence and discovery rate of the global minimum are substantially improved from the traditional GA.
Partial Characterization of an Autoantibody Recognizing the Secondary Binding Site(s) of Thrombin in a Patient with Recurrent Spontaneous Arterial Thrombosis (1992)

A patient with an 18 year history of recurrent arterial thrombosis and no evidence of atherosclerosis or embolism of cardiac origin presented with a prolonged thrombin clotting time when performed with human thrombin. The bovine thrombin clotting time was only slightly prolonged. During 30 months of follow-up, the thrombin time fluctuated, but remained prolonged. The patient has been treated with an oral anticoagulant for the past 8 years, with no thrombotic recurrence. The inhibitor activity was due to the presence of polyclonal IgGs which bound to thrombin-Sepharose. The influence of IgGs purified from the patient's serum was compared to the influence of normal IgGs in several systems exploring the catalytic activity of thrombin and the binding of the enzyme to macromolecular substrates through secondary binding site(s). We found that the IgGs did not impair the catalytic activity toward small synthetic substrates, but inhibited the binding of thrombin to fibrinogen, thrombomodulin and heparin cofactor II. Such proteins are known to require a secondary binding site of thrombin to interact with the enzyme. The anti-thrombin antibody might have resulted from an abnormal generation of thrombin. This would be the consequence of the process favouring thrombosis. Alternatively, the autoantibody might have favoured thrombosis primarily, by impairing natural antithrombotic mechanisms triggered by thrombin.
Generation and control of electrolyte cathode atmospheric glow discharge using miniature gas flow (2011)

Abstract Stable electrolyte cathode atmospheric DC glow microdischarges were generated by using a miniature helium gas flow from a nozzle electrode in air. We developed two schemes to control the temporal evolution of the discharge and the interaction between the discharge column and the ambient air. The vaporization of electrolyte solutions takes place and affects the discharge characteristics. This takes time from the start of the discharge. Therefore, the discharge was controlled by applying pulse‐modulated DC voltages. If the voltage was dropped down to zero before the vaporization, the gas discharge developed without the ionization of the solution components. A helium gas discharge without air developed when the nozzle electrode was placed in a glass capillary. This was confirmed by examining the change in pH of the solution, which usually decreased owing to the generation of nitrogen oxides in the discharge in air. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(4): 8–15, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21222
White Light Extended Source Shearing Interferometer (1974)

A grating lateral shear interferometer is described that can be used with a white light source. The use of the interferometer with certain types of extended sources is also demonstrated.
A CDE/CHR tandem element regulates cell cycle‐dependent repression of <i>cyclin B2</i> transcription (2000)

Cyclin B is an important regulator of progression through the cell division cycle. The oscillating appearance of cyclin B1 and B2 proteins during the cell cycle is in part due to fluctuating mRNA levels. We had identified earlier a tandem promoter element named cell cycle-dependent element (CDE) and cell cycle genes homology region (CHR) which regulates cell cycle-dependent transcription of cdc25C, cyclin A and cdc2. Here we describe that cyclin B2 transcription is repressed through a novel CDE/CHR element in resting and G(1) cells. By relief of this repression in S and G(2) oscillating expression of cyclin B2 mRNA is achieved during the cell cycle.
Localization of a kinesin‐like calmodulin‐binding protein in dividing cells of <i>Arabidopsis</i> and tobacco (1997)

The cloning and characterization of a novel kinesin-like protein (kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein, KCBP) from Arabidopsis and other plants has recently been described. Unlike all other known kinesin-like proteins, KCBP interacts with calmodulin in the presence of micromolar calcium. An antibody specific to KCBP was raised using a calmodulin-binding synthetic peptide that is unique to KCBP. The KCBP antibody detected a single protein of about 140 kDa in Arabidopsis and tobacco, the size predicted from cDNA sequences. In synchronized cell cultures, the amount of KCBP was abundant during M-phase and very low in interphase. To get some insight into the function of this novel motor protein, KCBP in Arabidopsis and tobacco cells was localized by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using affinity-purified anti-KCBP antibody. The KCBP was localized to the preprophase band, the mitotic spindle and the phragmoplast. The association of KCBP with microtubule arrays in dividing cells suggests that this minus-end-directed microtubule motor protein is likely to be involved in the formation of these microtubule arrays and/or functions associated with these structures.
Extraction based strategies for energy efficient salt concentration (2013)

concentration of aqueous salt [7,8,9,10] very energy intensive vaporation of water is highly energy demanding due to e containing multiple ions whereas the pure salts are desired for different concentration of aqueous salt [7,8,9,10] very energy intensive vaporation of water is highly energy demanding due to its e containing multiple ions whereas the pure salts are desired for different concentration of aqueous salt [7,8,9,10].Concentration very energy intensive its the rock salts either mechanical mining or solution mining is applied while the water .Usually the final product e containing multiple ions whereas the pure salts are desired for different concentration of aqueous salt Concentration very energy intensive high heat of the rock salts either mechanical mining or solution mining is applied while the water .Usually the final product e containing multiple ions whereas the pure salts are desired for different concentration of aqueous salt Concentration very energy intensive high heat of Nowadays, the importance of salt is not limited to our diet, but plays also an important role in the chemical production industries.There are two main sources of salt, underground deposits also known as rock salts, and s around 3.5wt% which yields approximately 35 million tons of salt in each cubic kilometer of seawater (35 grams per liter).For obtaining salt from the rock salts either mechanical mining or solution mining is applied while the water .Usually the final product e containing multiple ions whereas the pure salts are desired for different concentration of aqueous salt Concentration very energy intensive high heat of e containing multiple ions whereas the pure salts are desired for different concentration of aqueous salt Concentration very energy intensive high heat of e containing multiple ions whereas the pure salts are desired for different concentration of aqueous salt Concentration very energy intensive high heat of ( -) b ( -) b bis -MPA -polyester ( -) d ( -) d ( -) d ( -) d ( -) d ( -) d ( -) d ( -) d ( -) d Boltorn PFH -16 -OH ( -)
Oral-Rehydration Therapy — the Role of Polymeric Substrates (1988)

Each year, diarrheal diseases kill at least 5 million children before they reach their fifth birthday. For the most part, poor countries bear the brunt of this burden. In many developing nations, it is usual for children to experience three or more serious episodes of diarrhea every year.1 In countries that are not poor, diarrhea remains a neglected but substantial problem, lurking in deprived, diseased, and institutionalized populations. In the United States, diarrhea remains one of the common reasons for the admission of children to hospitals. The elderly, especially in nursing homes, have high rates of diarrhea; its resulting morbidity . . .
Digital frequency synthesizers for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1994)

The use of integrated digital frequency synthesizers has made it possible to design a low-cost multifrequency nuclear magnetic resonance pulsed spectrometer. The three frequencies necessary for heterodyne detection are derived by just one DSP. This approach can be useful to set up an apparatus for multifrequency correlation and relaxation time measurements.
Infinite geometric frustration in a cubic dipole cluster (2015)

The geometric arrangement of interacting (magnetic) dipoles is a question of fundamental importance in physics, chemistry, and engineering. Motivated by recent progress concerning the self-assembly of magnetic structures, the equilibrium orientation of eight interacting dipoles in a cubic cluster is investigated in detail. Instead of discrete equilibria we find a type of ground state consisting of infinitely many orientations. This continuum of energetically degenerate states represents a yet unknown form of magnetic frustration. The corresponding dipole rotations in the flat potential valley of this Goldstone mode enable the construction of frictionless magnetic couplings. Using computer-assisted algebraic geometry methods, we moreover completely enumerate all equilibrium configurations. The seemingly simple cubic system allows for exactly 9536 unstable discrete equilibria falling into 183 distinct energy families.
The Role of Rhythm in the Development, Maintenance and Management of Stereotypic Behaviours (2007)

Rhythm has long been used by music therapists and others as a means of redirecting individuals with specific difficulties towards effective learning and social engagement. There is a wide literature stemming neither from musicology nor from music therapy which considers the role of rhythm within natural child development. This review describes how rhythmic processing has been conceptualised as facilitating learning in the mainstream child. It is widely postulated that rhythmical movements, typically thought to promote physical development, can present inappropriately, resulting in maladaptive distraction to a child's development. These actions, referred to as ‘stereotypic behaviours’, are discussed in relation to a number of rhythm-based strategies suggested in the literature as having a role in minimising the presentation of such behaviours. The management of stereotypic behaviours, specifically in individuals with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), is also discussed.
Non-linear perspective widgets for creating multiple-view images (2008)

Viewing data sampled on complicated geometry, such as a helix or a torus, is hard because a single camera view can only encompass a part of the object. Either multiple views or non-linear projection can be used to expose more of the object in a single view, however, specifying such views is challenging because of the large number of parameters involved. We show that a small set of versatile widgets can be used to quickly and simply specify a wide variety of such views. These widgets are built on top of a general framework that in turn encapsulates a variety of complicated camera placement issues into a more natural set of parameters, making the specification of new widgets, or combining multiple widgets, simpler. This framework is entirely view-based and leaves intact the underlying geometry of the dataset, making it applicable to a wide range of data types.
Mesoscopic pointlike defects in semiconductors: Deep-level energies (1998)

Mesoscopic pointlike defects are a class of extended defects with surfaces of minimal curvature that span in size from the point-defect limit (multivacancy, antisite, impurity complex, etc.) to macroscopic inclusions or voids within a semiconductor host. The structural, electronic, and optical properties of these defects evolve continuously from the quantum-mechanical limit to the classical limit. Mesoscopic defects share some features in common with quantum dots, such as Coulomb-charging energies, but unlike quantum dots their electronic properties are dominated by the covalent bond energies of the defect-semiconductor interface. The deep-level energies of spheroidal mesoscopic defects are calculated self-consistently in the unrestricted Hartree-Fock approximation using an extension of the many-electron model of Haldane and Anderson. The calculations in GaAs reveal a high-multiplicity Coulomb ladder of discrete charge states distributed across the semiconductor band gap and centered on the charge neutrality level.
Iodinane- and Metal-Free Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Cyano Sulfilimines:  Novel and Easy Access of <i>N</i>H-Sulfoximines (2007)

The synthesis of N-cyanosulfilimines can readily be achieved by reaction of the corresponding sulfides with cyanogen amine in the presence of a base and NBS or I2 as halogenating agents. Oxidation followed by C-N bond cleavage affords synthetically useful NH-free sulfoximines.
CO Laser Power Delivery By As 2 S 3 IR Glass Fiber With Teflon Cladding (1986)

The high-intensity power delivery of CO laser with a As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> chalcogenide glass fiber for medical applications is described in this paper. The As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> glass fiber which had fluorinated ethylene propylene (Teflon FEP) cladding was used in this study. The fiber output of 1 5.3W was attained by means of the fiber which had 400μm core diameter without any degradation on the fiber. At the above condition, the light intensity of 16.9kW/cm<sup>2</sup> was obtained on the input end of the fiber. The maximum delivery power was restricted to melting of the core material at output end of the fiber. The allowable bending radius of the fiber was less than 30 mm. The applicability of this power delivery for medical applications, especially for the laser endoscopy and the laser angioplasty are discussed.
Efficient production and processing of elastase and LasA by Pseudomonas aeruginosa require zinc and calcium ions (1992)

The ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to degrade elastin, a major component of connective tissue, likely contributes to its pathogenicity and multiplication in human tissues. Two extracellular enzymes are required for P. aeruginosa elastolytic activity: elastase and LasA. Elastase is a zinc metalloprotease, but little is known about the structure of LasA. When grown under metal ion-deficient conditions, P. aeruginosa culture supernatants were found to exhibit a low level of elastolytic activity, which coincided with production of low levels of the 51-kDa proelastase and no detectable LasA. By using this fact to identify factors that promote elastolytic activity, P. aeruginosa PAO1, FRD2, and DG1 were grown in metal ion-deficient medium supplemented with zinc (10(-4) M ZnCl2), calcium (2.5 x 10(-3) M CaCl2), or iron (10(-4) M FeCl3). High levels of proteolytic and elastolytic activity were exhibited by all strains when cultured in the presence of both zinc and calcium, and this was associated with the production of mature 33-kDa elastase and 21-kDa LasA. Supplementing DG1 and PAO1 cultures with zinc alone stimulated the production of 33-kDa elastase, which, because of the calcium-deficient conditions, exhibited low proteolytic and elastolytic activities. Zinc also stimulated the production of a 41-kDa form of LasA in DG1 and PAO1 culture supernatants. Elastase production by FRD2 cultured in the presence of zinc alone differed from that by the other two strains in that supernatants contained 33-kDa elastase, a 21-kDa form of LasA, and exhibited high proteolytic and elastolytic activities. Such strain-associated differences in LasA processing and elastase activity can be explained by differences in metal ion-scavenging mechanisms adapted by the strains. Supplementing cultures with calcium stimulated the production of elastase but had no effect on LasA production. The elastase produced exhibited variable sizes, possibly resulting from aberrant processing reactions, and showed little proteolytic activity. Proteolytic activity could be recovered from 33-kDa elastase produced in the presence of calcium by inclusion of zinc in the enzymatic assay. Although iron was previously found to exert a repressive effect on P. aeruginosa elastolytic activity, iron exerted little effect on elastolytic activity when added to cultures containing both zinc and calcium. These studies support the conclusion that elastase production and processing are promoted by both zinc and calcium. LasA production, in comparison, is stimulated by zinc, with both zinc and calcium facilitating its processing. The association of 41-kDa LasA with a low level of elastolytic activity and of 21-kDa LasA with a high level of activity supports the conclusion that lasA encodes a larger, precursor protein which is processed to an active 21-kDa form during secretion.
Effect of ultraviolet radiation on production of epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor/interleukin 1 in vivo and in vitro. (1984)

UV radiation was found to enhance the release by keratinocytes of epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF), a hormone-like molecule that is physiochemically identical to interleukin 1 (IL-1). This conclusion was supported by the following observations: (i) the keratinocyte cell line PAM 212 retained ETAF/IL-1-producing potential after exposure to UV radiation despite significant loss in cell viability; (ii) epidermal cells from normal and UV radiation-exposed mice were found to produce equivalent amounts of ETAF/IL-1 on a per cell basis with the density of epidermal cells in UV radiation-exposed skin being at least 5-fold above normal values; (iii) under the conditions used, ETAF/IL-1 could be detected in the serum of UV radiation-exposed, but not normal, animals; and (iv) many of the biologic consequences known to be mediated by elevations in ETAF/IL-1--i.e., neutrophilia, elevated levels of complement component 3, serum amyloid P, and plasma fibrinogen--were all observed in animals following a single UV radiation exposure. Animals subjected to chronic UV radiation showed an initial elevation in their levels of acute-phase reactants that returned to normal concentrations within 7 days. This correlates with observations made by others of a "desensitization" to ETAF/IL-1-mediated effects after chronic administration of known exogenous stimulators of inflammatory responses. Further, the UV radiation-induced desensitization took place in spite of demonstrable serum levels of ETAF/IL-1. These results suggest that the mechanism(s) responsible for desensitization is not an inhibition of ETAF/IL-1 synthesis but rather may result from inability of the target cells to perceive this endogenous mediator or to unavailability of serum-associated ETAF/IL-1 for the appropriate targets.