gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ALTERED DISTRIBUTION OF CLASS I AND CLASS II MHC ANTIGENS DURING ACUTE PANCREAS ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IN THE RAT (1985)

The expression of MHC class I and class II antigens was investigated in a model of acute pancreas allograft rejection in the rat. Pancreaticoduodenal and duct-ligated DA(RT1a)-to-LEW(RT1(1] and LEW(RT1(1]-to-LEW.1U(RT1u) pancreas grafts were compared with normal organs and with LEW(RT1(1] isografts at daily intervals from day 1 to day 10 after transplantation. The results show profound changes of MHC antigen distribution in allografts during the process of rejection. Exocrine acinar cells, being class-I-antigen-negative in the normal pancreas, strongly express these antigens during rejection. Class II antigens, normally not found in pancreatic endothelia or parenchymal cells, appear in duct epithelia, acinar cells, and endothelia of big vessels. Endocrine islet cells and smooth muscle cells stay Ia-negative throughout the rejection process. Focal class I reactivity is also observed in acinar cells of pancreaticoduodenal isografts; but class II antigens are neither seen in parenchymal cells nor in endothelia of any isograft. Thus, in the rat pancreas allograft model, the induction of class II antigens is an early phenomenon characteristic of an ongoing immune response, and it provides a valuable new diagnostic criterion. Antibodies reactive exclusively with donor-haplotype antigens demonstrate an increase in donor-derived class I and class II antigen-positive interstitial cells in addition to parenchymal antigenic changes. A possible effect of the antigenic alteration described on the course of the rejection process is discussed.
An in-depth look into the co-occurence distribution of semantic associates (2008)

This study suggests that a biodegradable conduit is effective for axonal regeneration of the injured cavernous nerve. Moreover, a conduit with a collagen sponge facilitates axonal sprouting and re-projection to its target organ, and ensures functional recovery.
Effect of growth temperature on outer membrane components and virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila strains of serotype O:34 (1992)

Growth of Aeromonas hydrophila strains from serotype O:34 at 20 and 37 degrees C in tryptic soy broth resulted in changes in the lipids, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and virulence of the strains tested. Cells grown at 20 degrees C contained, relative to those cultured at 37 degrees C, increased levels of the phospholipid fatty acids hexadecanoate and octadecanoate and reduced levels of the corresponding saturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the lipid A fatty acids also showed thermoadaptation. In addition, LPS extracted from cells cultivated at 20 degrees C was smooth, while the LPS extracted from the same cells cultivated at 37 degrees C was rough. Finally, the strains were more virulent for fish and mice when they were grown at 20 degrees C than when they were grown at 37 degrees C and also showed increased different extracellular activities when they were grown at 20 degrees C.
miRNA-21 as a novel therapeutic target in lung cancer (2016)

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, and late diagnosis is one of the most important reasons for the high mortality rate. microRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in gene regulation and therefore in tumorigenesis. As far as lung carcinogenesis is concerned, miRNAs open novel fields in biomarker research, in diagnosis, and in therapy. In this review we focus on miR-21 in lung cancer and especially on how miR-21 is involved 1) as a biomarker in response or resistance to therapy or 2) as a therapeutic target.
Long-term selection strategies for complex traits using high-density genetic markers (2012)

Selection of animals for breeding ranked on estimated breeding value maximizes genetic gain in the next generation but does not necessarily maximize long-term response. An alternative method, as practiced by plant breeders, is to build a desired genotype by selection on specific loci. Maximal long-term response in animal breeding requires selection on estimated breeding values with constraints on coancestry. In this paper, we compared long-term genetic response using either a genotype building or a genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) strategy for the Australian Selection Index (ASI), a measure of profit. First, we used real marker effects from the Australian Dairy Herd Improvement Scheme to estimate breeding values for chromosome segments (approximately 25 cM long) for 2,650 Holstein bulls. Second, we selected 16 animals to be founders for a simulated breeding program where, between them, founders contain the best possible combination of 2 segments from 2 animals at each position in the genome. Third, we mated founder animals and their descendants over 30 generations with 2 breeding objectives: (1) to create a population with the "ideal genotype," where the best 2 segments from the founders segregate at each position, or (2) obtain the highest possible response in ASI with coancestry lower than that achieved under breeding objective 1. Results show that genotype building achieved the ideal genotype for breeding objective 1 and obtained a large gain in ASI over the current population (+A$864.99). However, selection on overall GEBV had greater short-term response and almost as much long-term gain (+A$820.42). When coancestry was lowered under breeding objective 2, selection on overall GEBV achieved a higher response in ASI than the genotype building strategy. Selection on overall GEBV seems more flexible in its selection decisions and was therefore better able to precisely control coancestry while maximizing ASI. We conclude that selection on overall GEBV while minimizing average coancestry is the more practical strategy for dairy cattle where selection is for highly polygenic traits, the reproductive rate is relatively low, and there is low tolerance of coancestry. The outcome may be different for traits controlled by few loci of relatively large effects or for different species. In contrast to other simulations, our results indicate that response to selection on overall GEBV may continue for several generations. This is because long-term genetic change in complex traits requires favorable changes to allele frequencies for many loci located throughout the genome.
A flexible motion-vector estimation chip for real-time video codecs (2002)

The implementation of a versatile full-search block-matching motion estimation chip is described. This chip calculates a motion vector for a block, with a block size of 8*8, 16*16, or 32*32, and outputs the minimum block difference and the block difference of no motion. This chip is one of the most computationally intensive building modules in a video codec. A novel data flow design is reviewed, which allows sequential inputs and performs parallel processing with 100% efficiency. Implementation of this chip is targeted at high performance for real-time video compression. An optimization of the processing elements was performed using pipeline architecture to reduce the cycle time. Each comparison performed in the comparator module was distributed into two cycles to avoid speed bottleneck. Testing circuitry was included to reduce the huge testing patterns. The implementation was carried out by using 1 mu m CMOS technology. Simulation showed that 30 MHz operation can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2,6-Bis(imidazol-2-ylidene)pyridine Complexes of Lanthanoïdes: A Theoretical Study of the Bonding Situation and Selective Complexation (2009)

The coordination of a bis(NHC)pyridyl (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) ligand to d0 fragments of group 3, lanthanide, and actinide series (M = Sc, Y, La, Sm, Lu, U, and Am) has been theoretically investigated at the DFT level. The influence of the π-donation ability of the co-ligand has been emphasized by comparing the trichloro, trisamido fragments and bare ions. The coordination of the tridentate CNC ligand is dominated by the ligand→metal σ-donations, but unprecedented Nam→Ccarb “back-bonding” was evidenced in the trisamido complexes of La, Sm, and Am. The ability of the bis(NHC)pyridine ligand B for lanthanide/actinide differentiation has been examined, substantiating the critical influence of the electronic properties of the co-ligand and carbene moieties.
High-power KrF laser transmission through optical fibers and its application to the triggering of gas switches (1983)

The fundamental transmission characteristics of KrF laser radiation (248 nm) through the step-index-type fused quartz fiber have been determined. For the step-index-type fused quartz fiber used the transmission loss is about 0.5 dB/m at power densities up to 3.9 MW/cm2 and 2 dB/m at 100 MW/cm2. One of the applications of this intense UV KrF laser transmission via optical fibers is the development of a gas insulated spark-gap switch trigger by a KrF laser through a 2-m-long optical fiber. As a result, at a voltage 90% of the self-breakdown voltage and at an illumination power density of 1.2 MW/cm2, a full trigger jitter of less than 5 ns is realized and it corresponds to a 1-σ jitter of less than 1 ns. The illumination energy is as low as 10 μJ/shot.
A cell-phone-based brain–computer interface for communication in daily life (2011)

Moving a brain-computer interface (BCI) system from a laboratory demonstration to real-life applications still poses severe challenges to the BCI community. This study aims to integrate a mobile and wireless electroencephalogram (EEG) system and a signal-processing platform based on a cell phone into a truly wearable and wireless online BCI. Its practicality and implications in a routine BCI are demonstrated through the realization and testing of a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI. This study implemented and tested online signal processing methods in both time and frequency domains for detecting SSVEPs. The results of this study showed that the performance of the proposed cell-phone-based platform was comparable, in terms of the information transfer rate, with other BCI systems using bulky commercial EEG systems and personal computers. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate a truly portable, cost-effective and miniature cell-phone-based platform for online BCIs.
Studies on the Alkaloids of Formosan Lauraceous Plants. IV (1965)

Alkaloidal components were examined in the following four kinds of Formosan Machilus genus plants: (1) Machilus obovatifolia (HAYATA) KANEHIRA et SASAKI (Japanese name, “Himetabu”), (2) M. arisaensis HAYATA (Japanese name “Arisantabu”), (3) M. zuihoensis HAYATA (Japanese name “Nioitabu”), and (4) M. Thunbergii SIEB. et ZUCC. (Japanese name “Tabuno-ki”). Phenolic secondary, benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline-type bases, L-(-)-N-norarmepavine (I) and dl-N-norarmepavine (III) were isolated from all four plants, and L-(+)-laudanidine (IV) besides I and III from (1) and (2). An unknown base in short columnar crystals, m.p. 258-259° (decomp.), was obtained from (1) and (3) (cf. Table II).
The Association between the Use of Urinary Catheters and Morbidity and Mortality among Elderly Patients in Nursing Homes (1992)

To determine whether the use of urinary catheters in elderly patients in nursing homes has an independent effect on morbidity and mortality, the authors conducted a 1-year prospective study among 1,540 patients in a stratified random sample of nursing homes. Patient mortality was assessed at 1 year in relation to the presence or absence of a catheter at entry to the study, acquisition of a catheter, and the proportion of nursing home days spent catheterized during the study year. The independent association of catheter use with mortality was assessed by logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, activities of daily living, mental status, skin condition (decubitus ulcers), and 20 medical diagnoses. The effect of catheterization on hospitalization, use of systemic antimicrobial drugs, and mortality was also examined by matched pairs analysis. At entry, 10.5% of patients had catheters, and they tended to remain catheterized during most of the study year. An additional 10% were catheterized during the year. The following factors were found to have a significant independent association with mortality: urinary catheters, age, mental status or activities of daily living, cancer, cardiac disease, diabetes, and skin condition. There was a stepwise increase in mortality with duration of catheterization. Patients who were catheterized for 76% or more of their days in the nursing home were three times more likely to die within a year. The number of hospitalizations, duration of hospitalization, and use of antimicrobial drugs were all three times greater among catheterized patients.
Neutrophil-Induced Changes in the Biomechanical Properties of Endothelial Cells: Roles of ICAM-1 and Reactive Oxygen Species (2000)

This study evaluated the changes in the biomechanical properties of endothelial cells (ECs) induced by neutrophil adhesion and the roles of ICAM-1 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in modulating these changes. Neutrophil adherence to 24-h TNF-alpha-activated pulmonary microvascular ECs induced an increase in the apparent stiffness of ECs within 2 min, measured with magnetic twisting cytometry. An anti-ICAM-1 Ab blocked the EC stiffening response without inhibiting neutrophil adherence. Moreover, cross-linking ICAM-1 mimicked the stiffening response induced by neutrophils. The neutrophil-induced increase in the apparent stiffness of ECs was inhibited with 1% DMSO (a hydroxyl radical scavenger), allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor), or deferoxamine (an iron chelator), suggesting that ROS may be involved in mediating the EC stiffening response. The cellular sources of ROS were determined by measuring the oxidation of dichlorofluorescein. Neutrophil adherence to TNF-alpha-activated ECs induced ROS production only in ECs, and not in neutrophils. This ROS production in ECs was completely prevented by the anti-ICAM-1 Ab and partially inhibited by allopurinol. These results suggest that ICAM-1-mediated signaling events during neutrophil adherence may activate xanthine oxidase, which in turn mediates the ROS production in ECs that leads to stiffening. ROS generated in ECs on neutrophil adherence appear to mediate cytoskeletal remodeling, which may modulate subsequent inflammatory responses.
Pose optimization of a C-arm imaging device to reduce intraoperative radiation exposure of staff and patient during interventional procedures (2017)

Minimally-invasive (MI) procedures are becoming more popular and frequent due to their benefits such as reduced patient trauma and hospitalization time. However, several common types of MI interventions are performed under X-ray guidance, which exposes both patients and staff to harmful ionizing radiation. Radiation exposure has therefore become a major concern for the medical community. Yet, few efforts to actively reduce it by exploiting the robotic capabilities of the devices present in the surgical suite have been performed. The propagation of radiation highly depends on the X-ray source positioning. Hence, we propose an approach to optimize the imaging device's pose in order to reduce the exposure to radiation of both patient and staff, while preserving the visibility of the targeted anatomical structure in the acquired image. Our method is based on the optimization of a cost function, which takes the current context and device parameters into account to compute the overall radiation exposure. It relies on GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo methods to simulate radiation propagation and performs the optimization in quasi real-time. When evaluated on a set of standard imaging configurations, our approach is able to recommend a device's pose in a few seconds, for which the delivered dose is reduced. Such an approach can contribute to lower the probability of appearance and severity of long-term negative effects due to radiation exposure and improve overall radiation safety.
Studies of the DNA binding properties of histone H4 amino terminus. Thermal denaturation studies reveal that acetylation markedly reduces the binding constant of the H4 “tail” to DNA. (1993)

The effect of acetylation on the DNA binding properties of the rigidly conserved histone H4 amino-terminal tail has been studied in detail using the technique of thermal denaturation. The quantitative DNA-binding parameters for both the non- and fully acetylated H4 amino terminus have been determined from thermal denaturation data for complexes of the peptides bound to mixed sequence 146-base pair DNA. We find that under dilute buffer conditions (5 mM Tris-HCl) the binding constant for the non-acetylated peptide to double-stranded DNA is 5 x 10(11) M-1 and that acetylation of lysine residues in the peptide reduces the binding constant to 1 x 10(5) M-1. The dramatic differences observed in the binding constants for the non- and fully acetylated peptides are probably due to the effect of acetylation on the even distribution of positively charged residues in the H4 amino terminus. In other experiments, the binding of both peptides to a 30-base pair oligonucleotide has been studied in solution with varying concentrations of sodium, magnesium, and phosphate ions. These experiments demonstrate that both magnesium and phosphate ions have strong effects on the binding of the H4 tail to DNA, especially weakening the binding of the acetylated peptide. For instance, the dissociation of the non-acetylated peptide from DNA requires 6 mM magnesium, yet the binding of the acetylated peptide is abolished in only 30 microM magnesium. The modulation of the DNA binding interactions of the H4 amino terminus by physiologically relevant ionic conditions, in addition to the effect of acetylation, can be important in the regulation of chromatin structure and function.
Evaluation of depth perception for touch interaction with stereoscopic rendered objects (2012)

Recent developments in the domain of Human Computer Interaction have suggested to combine stereoscopic visualization with touch interaction. Although this combination has the potential to provide more intuitive and natural interaction setups for a wide range of applications, until now interaction with such systems is mainly constrained to simple navigation, whereas manipulation of the stereoscopically displayed objects is supported only rather rudimentarily.
A scanning tunneling microscope with a capacitance-based position monitor (1990)

A serious impediment to precision metrology with scanning probe microscopes is the unreproducible, nonlinear behavior of the piezo ceramic actuators. We have developed a simple solution to the problem by measuring the position of the scanning head with capacitors. The circuit monitoring the gap between the plates has a linear response with slope 12 μm/V and noise of 0.1 nm/(Hz)1/2. The linearity of the system is verified by comparing the capacitor output with a scan of a grating that is periodic in two dimensions. We analyze the errors associated with the technique and show how to reduce them to acceptable levels.
Enhanced Current Spreading for GaN-Based Side-View LEDs by Adding an Metallic Stripe Across the Long Side of the Chip (2012)

The authors propose a simple method to enhance current spreading of GaN-based side-view light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by adding a metallic stripe across the long side of the chip. It was found that 20 mA output power of the LED could be enhanced from 8.54 to 9.2 mW by adding the metallic stripe. It was also found that further the LED output power could be enhanced to 9.68 mW by partially thinning down the metallic stripe chemically. These improvements could be attributed to the more uniform current distribution across the LED chip.
A field programmable accelerator for compiled-code applications (2002)

The paper describes a special purpose application accelerator using field programmable gate arrays to accelerate a range of applications. The accelerator is designed to support applications by allowing the user to implement a processor with an instruction set designed for the specific application being accelerated, using specialized instructions to implement critical fragments of the application. A compiled-code software organization is used to reduce overhead operations. A prototype has been built, and the first application to be ported to it, logic simulation, is underway.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Empowerment and embodiment for collaborative mixed reality systems (2018)

Abstract We present several mixed‐reality‐based remote collaboration settings by using consumer head‐mounted displays. We investigated how two people are able to work together in these settings. We found that the person in the AR system will be regarded as the “leader” (i.e., they provide a greater contribution to the collaboration), whereas no similar “leader” emerges in augmented reality (AR)‐to‐AR and AR‐to‐VRBody settings. We also found that these special patterns of leadership only emerged for 3D interactions and not for 2D interactions. Results about the participants' experience of leadership, collaboration, embodiment, presence, and copresence shed further light on these findings.
Editorial (2018)

una publicación de ámbito nacional e internacional interdisciplinar de carácter científico-académico y divulgativo, que pretende fomentar el intercambio de ideas y trabajos en el campo de los medios y los nuevos media aplicadas a la educación y de formación en general
Robust speed control of IM with torque feedforward control (1993)

The authors describe a digital signal processor-based (DSP-based) robust speed control for an induction motor (IM) with the load-torque observer and the torque feedforward control. In the proposed system, the load torque is estimated by the minimal-order state observer based on the torque component of a vector-controlled IM. Using the load-torque observer, a speed controller can be provided with a torque feedforward loop, thus realizing a robust speed control system. The control system is composed of a DSP-based controller, a voltage-fed pulsewidth modulated (PWM) transistor inverter and a 3.7 kW IM system. An eccentric load with an arm and a weight is coupled to the IM and it generates the sinusoidal gravitational fluctuating torque. Experimental results show robustness against disturbance torque and system parameter change.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Snapshot positioning for low-power miniaturised spaceborne GNSS receivers (2010)

In this paper we revive an experiment carried out by NASA more than decade ago now called micro-GPS. Based on SDR, the GPS receiver is implemented in software and operates in different modes depending on the battery status, autonomous, assisted, and passive. In autonomous mode, the receiver performs all the standard tasks including acquisition, tracking, navigation data decoding, and positioning. In assisted mode a long term ephemeris is uploaded in memory by the ground station and the receiver works in snapshot mode, processing 20ms of data every epoch and going to sleep between measurements. In passive mode, the receiver just records snapshots of RF data every epoch and downloads them to the ground station when possible.
Programmable active emulation of wireless systems - A DVB-RCS Example (2008)

This paper presents a DVB-RCS satellite emulation system built using the NPBox programmable network emulation system. NPBox allows system components to be modeled both at a higher abstraction level using a finite-state-machine like abstraction, and also at a lower level using customized event guards