gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Multi-Phase Diode Rectifier Average Models for AC and DC Power System Studies (2005)

More power semiconductors are applying to the aircraft power system to make the system smaller, lighter and more reliable. Average models provide a good solution to system simulation and can also serve as the basis to derive the small signal model for system-level study using linear control theory. A new average modeling approach for three-phase and nine-phase diode rectifiers with improved ac and dc dynamics is proposed in this dissertation. The key assumption is to model the load current using its first-order Taylor Series expansion throughout the entire averaging time span. A thorough comparison in the time domain is given of this model and two additional average models that were developed based on different load current assumptions, using the detailed switching models as the benchmark. The proposed average model is further verified by experimental results. In the frequency domain, the output impedance of a nine-phase diode rectifier is derived, and the sampling effect in the average model is investigated by Fourier analysis. The feeder's impedance before the rectifier is modeled differently in the output impedance in contrast in the equivalent commutation inductance. The average model is applied to the resonance study in a system composed of a synchronous generator, a nine-phase diode rectifier and a motor drive. The Thevenin's and Norton's equivalent circuits are derived to construct a linearized system. The equivalent impedance are derived from the average models, and the source are obtained from the switching circuit by short-circuit or open-circuit. Transfer functions are derived from the harmonic sources to the bus capacitor voltage for resonance study. The relationship between the stability and the resonance is analyzed, and the effect of controllers on the resonance is investigated. Optimization is another system-level application of the average model. A half-bridge circuit with piezoelectric actuator as its load is optimized using genetic algorithm. The optimization provides the possibility to design the actuator and its driving circuit automatically.
Rubber toughening in polypropylene: A review (2000)

The recent advances in the studies of the toughening methods and theories of polypropylene (PP)–elastomer blends are reviewed in the present article. Inclusions are key to toughening PP; they can play the role of agent-induced crazing, cause shear yielding of the matrix around them, and end the propagation of cracks. The major theories interpreting the toughening mechanisms of the blends are: multiple crazing, damage competition theory, shear-yielding theory, microvoids, and cavitation theories. The factors affecting the toughening effect are relatively complicated. Therefore, these theories have been verified only in some cases when they have been applied in relevant conditions. To achieve the objective of better toughening, it is important to improve the uniform distribution of dispersed-phase particle size and suitable filler size, as well as improving the dispersion of the inclusions formed in the matrix; in addition the matrix materials or fillers must be functional with suitable modifier in order to enhance the interfacial adhesion or to improve the interfacial morphological structure between the filler and matrix. However, the exact toughening mechanisms for PP–rubber blends have to be studied further because of complications resulting from the crystallinity of the matrix. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 409–417, 2000
Ensemble Monte Carlo analysis of self-heating effects in graded heterojunction bipolar transistors (1998)

Self-heating effects in graded AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors are analyzed using an ensemble Monte Carlo description of electron transport from emitter to subcollector including space-charge effects through a self-consistent solution of Poisson’s equation. For a given collector current density, the temperature rise in the intrinsic portion of the device is calculated using a simple analytical treatment. The temperature dependence of the scattering rates and various device parameters is included in the Monte Carlo simulations. The extent of velocity overshoot in the collector and its dependence on the device temperature is analyzed. The collector delay time is most affected by self-heating effects leading to a degradation of the unity current gain cut-off frequency of graded heterojunction bipolar transistors. For the biasing conditions considered here, the unity current gain cut-off frequency is found to be as much as 18% below its value calculated while neglecting self-heating effects.
Effect of Comonomer Structure on Dissolution Characteristics: ArF Negative Resist System Using Androsterone Derivative with .DELTA.-Hydroxy Acid. (2001)

A negative resist system utilizing acid-catalyzed intramolecular esterification of δ-hydroxy acid has been developed for ArF phase-shifting lithography. The system is made up of an acrylate polymer with pendant structure of androsterone derivative with δ-hydroxy acid and a photo-acid generator. We investigated the effect of the comonomer and found that it changes the affinity of the resist polymer to the aqueous base developer. The change of the polarity of the comonomer was found to drastically affect the dissolution properties and the resolution capability. Optimization of the δ-hydroxy acid content and the developer concentration prevented pattern deformation such as "winding lines" and scum between the lines. The improved resist formulation combined with an ArF excimer-laser stepper with a phase-shifting mask produced a clearly resolved 100-nm line-and-space patterns.
Field evaluation of Crystal VC<sup>®</sup> Rapid Dipstick test for cholera during a cholera outbreak in Guinea‐Bissau (2009)

The VC test may be useful for cholera diagnosis in outbreak situations where laboratory capacity is limited.
Neural networks based learning and adaptive control for manufacturing systems (2002)

The problems associated with the quality control of spot welded joints for galvanised steel are discussed. The conventional spot weld-quality assessment techniques commonly available for industrial use and the probable reasons which make them difficult to employ in mass production industries are discussed. The paper then explores the capabilities of a multilayer neural network as a self-organisational structure for use in unknown pattern space. These explorations have resulted in a network that extracts features from the experience of the measurable data without the necessity of a teacher. This capability is exploited to devise a weld quality control monitor for zinc coated steel. It is essentially a nondestructive testing technique which can quite easily be incorporated into a welding robot.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Access to thermally robust and abrasion resistant antimicrobial plastics: synthesis of UV-curable phosphonium small molecule coatings and extrudable additives (2021)

The threat of antibiotic-resistant, biofilm-forming bacteria necessitates a preventative approach to combat the proliferation of robust, pathogenic strains on "high touch surfaces" in the food packaging, biomedical, and healthcare industries. The development of both biocide-releasing and tethered, immobilized biocide surface coatings has risen to meet this demand. While these surface coatings have demonstrated excellent antimicrobial efficacy, there are few examples of antimicrobial surfaces with long-term durability and performance. To this end, UV-curable phosphoniums bearing benzophenone anchors with either an alkyl, aryl, or fluoroalkyl group were synthesized and their efficacy as thermally stable antimicrobial additives in extruded plastics or as surface attached coatings probed. The surface topology and characteristics of these materials were studied to gain insight into the mechanism of their antimicrobial activity. Efficacy against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria as either a coating or additive showed compete reductions of the initial bacterial load. Crucially, the materials maintained the ability to kill biofilm-forming bacteria even after being subject to several cycles of abrasion.
miRBase: from microRNA sequences to function (2018)

miRBase catalogs, names and distributes microRNA gene sequences. The latest release of miRBase (v22) contains microRNA sequences from 271 organisms: 38 589 hairpin precursors and 48 860 mature microRNAs. We describe improvements to the database and website to provide more information about the quality of microRNA gene annotations, and the cellular functions of their products. We have collected 1493 small RNA deep sequencing datasets and mapped a total of 5.5 billion reads to microRNA sequences. The read mapping patterns provide strong support for the validity of between 20% and 65% of microRNA annotations in different well-studied animal genomes, and evidence for the removal of >200 sequences from the database. To improve the availability of microRNA functional information, we are disseminating Gene Ontology terms annotated against miRBase sequences. We have also used a text-mining approach to search for microRNA gene names in the full-text of open access articles. Over 500 000 sentences from 18 542 papers contain microRNA names. We score these sentences for functional information and link them with 12 519 microRNA entries. The sentences themselves, and word clouds built from them, provide effective summaries of the functional information about specific microRNAs. miRBase is publicly and freely available at http://mirbase.org/.
A global quantification of “normal” sleep schedules using smartphone data (2016)

The influence of the circadian clock on sleep scheduling has been studied extensively in the laboratory; however, the effects of society on sleep remain largely unquantified. We show how a smartphone app that we have developed, ENTRAIN, accurately collects data on sleep habits around the world. Through mathematical modeling and statistics, we find that social pressures weaken and/or conceal biological drives in the evening, leading individuals to delay their bedtime and shorten their sleep. A country's average bedtime, but not average wake time, predicts sleep duration. We further show that mathematical models based on controlled laboratory experiments predict qualitative trends in sunrise, sunset, and light level; however, these effects are attenuated in the real world around bedtime. Additionally, we find that women schedule more sleep than men and that users reporting that they are typically exposed to outdoor light go to sleep earlier and sleep more than those reporting indoor light. Finally, we find that age is the primary determinant of sleep timing, and that age plays an important role in the variability of population-level sleep habits. This work better defines and personalizes "normal" sleep, produces hypotheses for future testing in the laboratory, and suggests important ways to counteract the global sleep crisis.
Generation of O‐GlcNAc specific monoclonal antibodies using a novel synthetic immunogen (2010)

O‐GlcNAc modification is a ubiquitous and dynamic post‐translational modification that has been implicated in many cellular processes, frequently via interplay with phosphorylation that can occur on the same serine and threonine residues. Unlike phosphorylation for which a wide range of pan‐ and site‐specific phospho‐antibodies are available, only two pan‐O‐GlcNAc specific antibodies have been described: an IgM pan‐O‐GlcNAc antibody and an IgG antibody raised against O‐GlcNAc modified components of the nuclear pore complex. In fact, it is well known that O‐GlcNAc modified glycoconjugates do not elicit relevant IgG isotype antibodies. Here, we report a novel method combining a fully synthetic three‐component immunogen with classical hybridoma technology to obtain a series of O‐GlcNAc‐specific IgG monoclonal antibodies. Large‐scale shotgun proteomics approach utilizing these antibodies led to the identification of more than 200 O‐GlcNAc modified proteins, of which approximately two‐thirds were novel. Application of this tool allowed us to delineate differentially modified proteins of the liver in response to hemorrhagic trauma and resuscitation in a rat model. This work was supported by grants from the NIDDK/NIH RO1 DK075069 (LW), NIH P41‐RR‐5351 (GJB), NIH RO1 CA88986 (GJB), NIH HL067464 (JCC) and NIH HL079364 (JCC). CFT is an AHA pre‐doctoral fellow (0715377B).
Multimodal expression of emotion: Affect programs or componential appraisal patterns? (2007)

In earlier work, the authors analyzed emotion portrayals by professional actors separately for facial expression, vocal expression, gestures, and body movements. In a secondary analysis of the combined data set for all these modalities, the authors now examine to what extent actors use prototypical multimodal configurations of expressive actions to portray different emotions, as predicted by basic emotion theories claiming that expressions are produced by fixed neuromotor affect programs. Although several coherent unimodal clusters are identified, the results show only 3 multimodal clusters: agitation, resignation, and joyful surprise, with only the latter being specific to a particular emotion. Finding variable expressions rather than prototypical patterns seems consistent with the notion that emotional expression is differentially driven by the results of sequential appraisal checks, as postulated by componential appraisal theories.
Watermarking of Audio Signals Using Adaptive Subband Filtering and Manchester Signaling (2007)

Methods of data hiding are considered, based on subband Alters, enabling the amplification or attenuation of audio signal within each subband. This spectrum modification aims at maximizing the selected cepstrum coefficient. Because the cepstrum coefficient is a scalar product of the signal log-spectrum and a real part of the proper IDFT base function (called here a cepstral kernel), the audio signal is amplified in these subbands, where this real part is positive and it is attenuated in these subbands where the real part is negative. The maximum amplitude modification at a given frequency is limited by the masking threshold at this frequency. This method may be also used with an echo insertion algorithm, thus enhancing the cepstral peak and reducing the bit error rate. Using mirrored cepstral kernels (i.e. a kind of Manchester signaling, consisting in reversing the kernel sign in two consecutive time slots) the influence of high spectral peaks of the audio spectrum is reduced and a robust watermarking system is obtained. Simulation results are given, for hidden data transmission rate of 86 bit/s.
Treatment of systemic sclerosis with γ-interferon (1992)

Numerous drugs have been recommended for the treatment of systemic sclerosis, but without any significant effect on the fibrotic stage of this disorder. Because recombinant gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) is a potent and selective inhibitor of fibroblast proliferation and collagen production by human dermal fibroblasts in vitro, we assessed the effects of gamma-IFN treatment on the skin and on pulmonary function in patients with systemic sclerosis. Fourteen patients entered the study, and nine completed the 12-month trial. Fifty micrograms/day of gamma-IFN was administered subcutaneously 3 days per week. At the end of the 12-month treatment period a significant improvement was observed in total skin score, and blood gas analysis showed a significant increase in Pa O2 during therapy with gamma-interferon. Other clinical parameters (dysphagia, Raynaud's phenomenon, cardiac involvement) were not altered significantly. No serious adverse effects were noted. These results suggest a beneficial effect of gamma-IFN on the cutaneous fibrotic abnormalities and on lung fibrosis in systemic sclerosis.
An Anatomy of Industrial Purchases (1977)

It was suggested in Chapter 1 that in order to identify successfully those who are involved in industrial buying and to anticipate their behaviour, the marketing executive needs to be able to answer a number of questions. What is the type of item or service being purchased? How is it used? Why is it bought? Has this type of item been purchased before? How frequently does the customer buy it? Will the performance or technical details be specified or will these be left to the supplier, who will merely be asked for a solution to a problem? How essential is the purchase item to the customer? How much risk is associated with its purchase?KeywordsIndustrial MarketIndustrial GoodOperating SupplyPurchase ItemMarketing ExecutiveThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The simultaneous oxidation of sulfide minerals and the dissolution of gold (2005)

The alkaline oxidation of refractory gold concentrates containing arsenopyrite and pyrite at ambient temperatures and pressures has been found to be accompanied by the simultaneous dissolution of gold without the addition of cyanide. A detailed study has been made of the kinetics of the oxidation of the pure minerals and of several concentrates. The reaction products of the oxidation of arsenic and sulphur have been monitored using chromatographic techniques. In the case of arsenopyrite, thiosulfate, monothioarsenate, arsenate and sulfite are the principal products while thiosulfate has been confirmed to be the dominant product of pyrite oxidation. Gold, either as added powder or as a constituent of the concentrates has been found to dissolve simultaneously during the alkaline oxidation of both arsenopyrite and pyrite, and this appears to be associated with the in-situ formation of thiosulfate as a lixiviant. The effects of temperature, stirring speed, oxygen partial pressure, alkalinity and pulp density on the oxidation of arsenopyrite and the dissolution of gold have also been investigated.
Progress in Antimonide Based III-V Compound Semiconductors and Devices (2010)

In recent years, the narrow bandgap antimonide based compound semiconductors (ABCS) are widely regarded as the first candidate materials for fabrication of the third generation infrared photon detectors and integrated circuits with ultra-high speed and ultra-low power consumption. Due to their unique bandgap structure and physical properties, it makes a vast space to develop various novel devices, and becomes a hot research area in many developed countries such as USA, Japan, Germany and Israel etc. Research progress in the preparation and application of ABCS materials, existing problems and some latest results are briefly introduced.
Improved left ventricular function after short-term treatment with fructose-1,6-diphosphate: echocardiographic study in chronic ischemic heart disease and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. (1988)

The effect of fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) on left ventricular function was assessed in seven patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and eight patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. In a crossover study design each patient received 10 gm of FDP or saline placebo intravenously for three days. An M-mode echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular (LV) function was made before and after each treatment period. After FDP treatment, LV end-diastolic and systolic dimensions showed a 6% reduction (P less than 0.01), while peak lengthening rate of LV dimension in diastole and peak shortening rate of LV dimension in systole increased 17% and 10%, respectively (P less than 0.05). There was evidence that FDP was more effective in the patients with ischemic heart disease than in the patients with cardiomyopathy.
Java and JavaScript programming (1996)

Introduction to Java language fundamentals data in Java control structure in Java cross-platform details introduction to JavaScript data structures in JavaScript control structures in JavaScript when is Java better than JavaScript? when is JavaScript better than Java?
SiC-MoSi/sub 2/ composites (1989)

Previous studies have shown that SiC whisker-reinforced MoSi/sub 2/ is an excellent candidate material for structural use at elevated temperatures. The yield strength at 1400/degree/C was doubled with the addition of Los Alamos VLS SiC whiskers, and increased by a factor of five with the addition of VS SiC whiskers, despite a non-optimal distribution of the reinforcement resulting from dry blending fabrication procedures. A more optimal wet processing technique, providing a much more uniform distribution of the whisker reinforcement will be discussed. Activities directed at alloying MoSi/sub 2/ with other silicides to improve the mechanical properties of the matrix material will also be described. 6 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
Flexible Inorganic Nanowire Light-Emitting Diode (2008)

We report a highly flexible light-emitting device in which inorganic nanowires are the optically active components. The single-crystalline ZnO nanowires are grown at 80 degrees C on flexible polymer-based indium-tin-oxide-coated substrates and subsequently encapsulated in a minimal-thickness, void-filling polystyrene film. A reflective top contact serving as the anode in the diode structure is provided by a strongly doped p-type polymer and an evaporated Au film. The emission through the polymer side of this arrangement covers most of the visual region. Electrical and optical properties as well as performance limitations of the device structure are discussed.
TCP-Illinois (2006)

We introduce a new congestion control algorithm, called TCP-Illinois, which has many desirable properties for implementation in (very) high-speed networks. TCP-Illinois is a sender side protocol, which modifies the AIMD algorithm of the standard TCP (Reno, NewReno or SACK) by adjusting the increment/decrement amounts based on delay information. By using both loss and delay as congestion signals, TCP-Illinois achieves a better throughput than the standard TCP for high-speed networks. To study its fairness and stability properties, we extend recently developed stochastic matrix models of TCP to accommodate window size backoff probabilities that are proportional to arrival rates when the network is congested. Using this model, TCP-Illinois is shown to allocate the network resource fairly as in the standard TCP. In addition, TCP-Illinois is shown to be compatible with the standard TCP when implemented in today's networks, and is shown to provide the right incentive for transition to the new protocol. We finally perform ns-2 simulations to validate its properties and demonstrate its performance.
Definitions of Law and Empirical Questions (1968)

Two fundamental questions for any discipline are: (1) What is the subject matter of the field? and (2) What is to be asked about the subject matter? The answer to the first question as it applies to jurisprudence can be given in a word—law. This designation may appear as a gross oversimplification, but that is not the problem at all. If there were consensus in jurisprudence as to a universal and empirically applicable definition of law, the term would be suited admirably for identifying the subject matter of the field. But such consensus is lacking. Debates over conceptions of law have an ancient history, and since the end of the eighteenth century they have become more intense. Given the fact that contemporary schools of thought in jurisprudence are distinguished first and foremost by the kind of definition of law advocated, it is difficult to understand Selznick's assertion that definitions of law “are not really so various as is sometimes suggested.” To the contrary, one would be hard pressed to identify a more controversial issue in either jurisprudence or the sociology of law.