gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Belgian Systemic Sclerosis Cohort: Correlations Between Disease Severity Scores, Cutaneous Subsets, and Autoantibody Profile (2012)

Our data indicate that the DSS can be used to define organ involvement in SSc. Differences can be seen between subsets classified not only according to cutaneous subtypes but also to autoantibody profile.
Formal verification of iterative algorithms in microprocessors (2000)

Contemporary microprocessors implement many iterative algorithms. For example, the front-end of a microprocessor repeatedly fetches and decodes instructions while updating internal state such as the program counter; floating-point circuits perform divide and square root computations iteratively. Iterative algorithms often have complex implementations because of performance optimizations like result speculation, re-timing and circuit redundancies. Verifying these iterative circuits against high-level specifications requires two steps: reasoning about the algorithm itself and verifying the implementation against the algorithm. In this paper we discuss the verification of four iterative circuits from Intel microprocessor designs. These verifications were performed using Forte, a custom-built verification system; we discuss the Forte features necessary for our approach. Finally, we discuss how we maintained these proofs in the face of evolving design implementations.
Automatic summarization of music videos (2006)

In this article, we propose a novel approach for automatic music video summarization. The proposed summarization scheme is different from the current methods used for video summarization. The music video is separated into the music track and video track. For the music track, a music summary is created by analyzing the music content using music features, an adaptive clustering algorithm, and music domain knowledge. Then, shots in the video track are detected and clustered. Finally, the music video summary is created by aligning the music summary and clustered video shots. Subjective studies by experienced users have been conducted to evaluate the quality of music summaries and effectiveness of the proposed summarization approach. Experiments are performed on different genres of music videos and comparisons are made with the summaries generated based on music track, video track, and manually. The evaluation results indicate that summaries generated using the proposed method are effective in helping realize users' expectations.
[Progress in biosythesis of diaminopentane]. (2014)

Air pollution and global warming are increasingly deteriorating. Large amounts of polyamides derived from fossil fuel sources are consumed around the world. Cadaverine is an important building monomer block of bio-based polyamides, thus biotechnological processes for these polymers possess enormous ecological and economical potential. Currently, the engineered strains for biological production of cadaverine are Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli. We review here the latest research progress of biosynthesis of cadaverine including metabolism of cadaverine in microorganisms, key enzymes and transport proteins in cadaverine synthesis pathway, optimum pathways and cadaverine yields.
Expression of hepatitis C virus non‐structural 5A protein in the liver of transgenic mice (2003)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major etiologic agent for chronic hepatitis worldwide often leading to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanism for development of chronic hepatitis or hepatocarcinogenesis by HCV remains unclear. HCV NS5A protein possesses many intriguing properties, including sequestration of p53 in the cytoplasm, downregulation of p21 protein, activation of STAT3, and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated apoptosis. Thus, we investigated whether this viral protein has oncogenic property in vivo. In the absence of an efficient cell culture system for virus growth and a suitable small animal model for HCV infection, transgenic FVB mice were generated by targeting the HCV NS5A genomic region cloned under the control of a liver-specific apoE promoter or mouse major urinary promoter (MUP). The apoE promoter is constitutively expressed in liver, on the other hand, the MUP is developmentally regulated and expressed in the liver after birth. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis indicated establishment of HCV NS5A transgene expression in several lines from both groups of mice. Immunohistochemical studies suggested the presence of NS5A in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. The transgenic animals were phenotypically similar to their normal littermates and did not exhibit a major histological change within the liver up to 24 months of age. Our results suggested HCV NS5A protein is not directly cytopathic or oncogenic in this FVB transgenic mouse model, although this viral protein promotes cell growth in vitro. These animals will be a valuable model of HCV immunopathology as well as for evaluation of siRNA, interferon and other cytokine therapies.
Is the Hypercoagulable State in Atrial Fibrillation Mediated by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor? (2002)

Patients with chronic AF have high TF levels, in keeping with the prothrombotic state associated with this arrhythmia. The relationships between TF and VEGF and its receptor sFlt-1 in AF suggest a possible role for VEGF in the hypercoagulable state found in AF, as seen in malignancy and atherosclerosis.
Evolutionary Relationships among Bacterial Carbamoyltransferases (1989)

An immunological approach was used for the study of ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OTCase) evolution in bacteria. Antisera were prepared against the anabolic and catabolic OTCases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas formicans as well as against OTCase and putrescine carbamoyltransferases from Streptococcus faecalis; these antisera were then tested against the unpurified OTCases, either anabolic or catabolic, of 34 bacterial strains. Extensive cross-reactions were observed between the antisera to catabolic OTCases from P. aeruginosa, A. formicans and S. faecalis and the catabolic enzymes from other species or genera. These antisera cross-reacted also with the anabolic OTCases of strains of the Enterobacteriaceae but not with the anabolic OTCases of the same species or of other species or genera. The cross-reaction measured between the antisera against P. aeruginosa anabolic OTCase and the anabolic OTCases of other Pseudomonas were largely in agreement with the phylogenic subdivision of Pseudomonas proposed by N. J. Palleroni. The correlation was also significantly higher with the anabolic enzyme of an archaeobacterium, Methanobacterium thermoaceticum, than with the catabolic or anabolic OTCases from other genera in the eubacterial line. The antiserum raised against A. formicans anabolic OTCase was quite specific for its antigen and appeared to be raised against the heaviest of the various oligomeric structures of the enzyme.
Microwave Transmission Line Impedence Data (1997)

A compendium of data for computing the characteristic impedance of transmission lines based on physical dimensions. Covers both conventional structures and unusual geometries, including coaxial, eccentric and elliptic coaxial, twin-wire, wire-above-ground, microstrip and derivatives, stripline, slabline and trough line. Also details numerous configurations of coupled lines.
Electron microscopy study of delamination in dispersions of the perovskite-related layered phases K[Ca2Nan-3NbnO3n-1]: evidence for single-layer formation (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron microscopy study of delamination in dispersions of the perovskite-related layered phases K[Ca2Nan-3NbnO3n-1]: evidence for single-layer formationM. M. J. Treacy, S. B. Rice, Allan J. Jacobson, and J. T. LewandowskiCite this: Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 3, 279–286Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00009a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1388Altmetric-Citations202LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Hierarchical Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotube Grafted Fibers: The Potential Assessed at the Single Fiber Level (2008)

The feasibility of reinforcing conventional carbon fiber composites by grafting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto the fiber surface has been investigated. Carbon nanotubes were grown on carbon fibers using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Iron was selected as the catalyst and predeposited using the incipient wetness technique before the growth reaction. The morphology of the products was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed evidence of a uniform coating of CNTs on the fiber surface. Contact angle measurements on individual fibers, before and after the CNT growth, demonstrated a change in wettability that can be linked to a change of the polarity of the modified surface. Model composites based on CNT-grafted carbon fibers/epoxy were fabricated in order to examine apparent interfacial shear strength (IFSS). A dramatic improvement in IFSS over carbon fiber/epoxy composites was observed in the single fiber pull-out tests, but no significant change was shown in the push-out tests. The different IFSS results were provisionally attributed to a change of failure mechanism between the two types of tests, supported by fractographic analysis.
Nonspecific binding to microsomes: impact on scale-up of in vitro intrinsic clearance to hepatic clearance as assessed through examination of warfarin, imipramine, and propranolol. (1997)

The nonspecific, noncovalent binding of three drugs, imipramine, warfarin, and propranolol, to pooled human and animal liver microsomes has been determined using equilibrium dialysis in conditions where no cofactor (NADPH) was included in the incubation. The binding of warfarin was dependent upon both protein and drug concentration, whereas the binding of propranolol and imipramine was also dependent upon protein concentration but generally independent of drug concentration. At a microsomal protein concentration of 1.0 mg/ml and a warfarin concentration of 10 microM, the free fraction (fu(mic)) was 0.85. The corresponding values for propranolol and imipramine were 0.41 and 0.16, respectively. Thus, although all three drugs exhibit high binding in plasma (fu<0.1) the acidic drug warfarin differs from the basic drugs propranolol and imipramine in the extent to which each binds to microsomal protein. The binding of all three drugs to liver microsomes obtained from commonly studied animal species (rat, dog, and monkey) was almost identical to that observed in human. Additionally, the binding of warfarin and propranolol to microsomes obtained from insect cells used in baculovirus cytochrome P450 expression systems was similar to that exhibited in liver microsomes, when equal protein concentrations were compared. The enzyme kinetics of propranolol, imipramine, and warfarin oxidative metabolism were determined in pooled human liver microsomes, and the intrinsic clearance values obtained were used in scaling up to project human in vivo clearance. The values obtained by incorporating microsomal binding were compared with those in which this factor is ignored. The findings suggest that the parameter fu(mic) is important to obtain when attempting to relate in vitro intrinsic clearance to in vivo clearance. Also, this value is important to consider when comparing substrates with respect to enzyme specificity, since measured apparent KM values should be converted to true "free KM" values by correcting for the free fraction in the in vitro incubation. Furthermore, the extent of nonspecific binding to microsomes is likely an important parameter to consider when attempting to relate Ki values measured in vitro to observations of drug-drug interactions (or the lack thereof) in vivo.
Human gait estimation using a reduced number of accelerometers (2010)

This study attempts to use two on-off switch sensors on feet and three tri-axis accelerometers, two in thigh and one in waist, to measure the hip angles and estimate the knee angles for a complete human gait signal acquisition. The human gait parameters like cadence, step length and walking speed are computed based on these information. For reduction of sensors for practical purpose, we focus on dynamic human gait estimation rather than stationary position. A simple dynamic model for legs is applied with two switch sensors to estimate knee angles. Stereo vision is used as a ground reference and parameters calibration for system model. A user interface for data analysis and monitoring is built to see the information such as the angle range of hip and the symmetry of two legs. We also apply a 3D virtual human model to present a real-time display of the human gait.
3D from Line Segments in Two Poorly-Textured, Uncalibrated Images (2006)

This paper addresses the problem of camera self-calibration, bundle adjustment and 3D reconstruction from line segments in two images of poorly-textured indoor scenes. First, we generate line segment correspondences, using an extended version of our previously proposed matching scheme. The first main contribution is a new method to identify polyhedral junctions resulting from the intersections of the line segments. At the same time, the images are segmented into planar polygons. This is done using an algorithm based on a Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) tree. The junctions are matched end points of the detected line segments and hence can be used to obtain the epipolar geometry. The essential matrix is considered for metric camera calibration. For better stability, the second main contribution consists in a bundle adjustment on the line segments and the camera parameters that reduces the number of unknowns by a maximum flow algorithm. Finally, a piecewise-planar 3D reconstruction is computed based on the segmentation of the BSP tree. The system's performance is tested on some challenging examples.
Learning model-based planning from scratch (2017)

Conventional wisdom holds that model-based planning is a powerful approach to sequential decision-making. It is often very challenging in practice, however, because while a model can be used to evaluate a plan, it does not prescribe how to construct a plan. Here we introduce the "Imagination-based Planner", the first model-based, sequential decision-making agent that can learn to construct, evaluate, and execute plans. Before any action, it can perform a variable number of imagination steps, which involve proposing an imagined action and evaluating it with its model-based imagination. All imagined actions and outcomes are aggregated, iteratively, into a "plan context" which conditions future real and imagined actions. The agent can even decide how to imagine: testing out alternative imagined actions, chaining sequences of actions together, or building a more complex "imagination tree" by navigating flexibly among the previously imagined states using a learned policy. And our agent can learn to plan economically, jointly optimizing for external rewards and computational costs associated with using its imagination. We show that our architecture can learn to solve a challenging continuous control problem, and also learn elaborate planning strategies in a discrete maze-solving task. Our work opens a new direction toward learning the components of a model-based planning system and how to use them.
Relationship between beta-adrenergic receptor numbers and physiological responses during experimental canine myocardial ischemia. (1982)

In the present study, we evaluated the physiological responsiveness of the increased numbers of beta-adrenergic receptors in ischemic canine myocardium to in vivo stimulation by (-)-isoproterenol and epinephrine. After 1 hour of temporary proximal left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and during a 15-minute period of reflow, dogs received (1)-isoproterenol intravenously at a rate sufficient to increase their heart rates 20--40 beats/min. Following the infusion of isoproterenol, myocardial tissue was obtained from the LV ischemic and nonischemic regions for measurement of beta-adrenergic receptor numbers, cyclic AMP content, and phosphorylase b to a conversion. beta-Adrenergic receptor numbers were significantly increased in the left ventricular (LV) ischemic tissue. The administration of (-)-isoproterenol was associated with significant increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate content and phosphorylase b to a conversion in the LV ischemic tissue. Also, the administration of (-)-epinephrine significantly increased the phosphorylase b to a conversion in ischemic tissue over the nonischemic tissue and this conversion was blocked by pretreatment with (+/-)-propranolol. These data suggest that, in this experimental model, the increased numbers of beta-adrenergic receptors in canine LV ischemic tissue are capable of translating physiological responses when they are activated with an appropriate agonist in vivo.
An Asymmetric Encoding Scheme for Word Stuffing (1970)

The effectiveness of word stuffing for synchronization depends upon our ability to distinguish the stuff words from the data words at the destination and, thus, delete correctly the stuff words. If all input sequences are permitted, the data words must be encoded before stuffing occurs so that the stuff word can be distinct from the data words. In this paper, we give the code that, for a given redundancy, maximizes the minimum distance between the stuff word and any data word. This helps to prevent the loss of character synchronization because of transitions between data and stuff words due to transmission errors. In contrast to the perfect distance symmetries between the code words of the group codes normally encountered in error-control work, the primary virtue of the present code is its highly asymmetric distance structure.
Acidic or Alkaline? Towards a New Perspective on the Efficiency of Water Electrolysis (2016)

Water electrolysis is a promising technology for enabling the storage of surplus electricity produced by intermittent renewable power sources in the form of hydrogen. At the core of this technology is the electrolyte, and whether this is acidic or alkaline affects the reaction mechanisms, gas purities and is of significant importance for the stability and activity of the electrocatalysts. This article presents a simple but precise physical model to describe the voltage-current characteristic, heat balance, gas crossover and cell efficiency of water electrolyzers. State-of-the-art water electrolysis cells with acidic and alkaline electrolyte are experimentally characterized in order to parameterize the model. A rigorous comparison shows that alkaline water electrolyzers with Ni-based catalysts but thinner separators than those typically used is expected be more efficient than acidic water electrolysis with Ir and Pt based catalysts. This performance difference was attributed mainly to a similar conductivity but approximately 38-fold higher diffusivities of hydrogen and oxygen in the acidic polymer electrolyte membrane (Nafion) than those in the alkaline separator (Zirfon filled with a 30 wt} KOH solution). With reference to the detailed analysis of the cell characteristics, perspectives for the improvement of the efficiency of water electrolyzers are discussed.
Recent advances in COPD: pathophysiology, respiratory physiology and clinical aspects, including comorbidities (2009)

wing to its major and better recognised burden from both individual and societal perspectives, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an area of intensive epidemiological, fundamental and clinical research, leading to the publication of more than 10,000 papers each year in the PubMed database. Among these, many report important advances in the understanding of and care for COPD. Epidemiological aspects are the topic of another manuscript in this issue of the European Respiratory Review [1], while the treatment of COPD and its exacerbations will be addressed in other reviews in upcoming issues. Thus, the present paper will focus on more fundamental aspects of pathophysiology, resting and exercise lung mechanics, respiratory muscles and gas exchange, together with more clinical topics, including respiratory symptoms and comorbidities. The purpose of the authors is clearly not to be exhaustive but to focus on points that are likely to have some impact on clinical practice in the relatively short term.
Chemical composition and anti-mosquito potential of rhizome extract and volatile oil derived from Curcuma aromatica against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). (2005)

Crude rhizome extracts and volatile oils of Curcuma aromatica were evaluated for chemical composition and anti-mosquito potential, including larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activities against the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Chemical identification achieved by GC/MS analysis revealed that xanthorrhizol, 1H-3a, 7-methanoazulene and curcumene at 35.08 and 13.65%, 21.81 and 30.02%, and 13.75 and 25.71%, were the main constituents in hexane extracts and volatile oils, respectively. Volatile oil of Cu. aromatica possessed a significantly higher larvicidal activity against the 4th instar larvae of Ae. aegypti than that of hexane extracts, with LC50 values of 36.30 and 57.15 ppm, respectively. In testing for adulticidal activity, on the other hand, hexane-extracted Cu. aromatica (LC50: 1.60 microg/mg female) was found to be slightly more effective against female Ae. aegypti than volatile oil (LC50: 2.86 microg/mg female). However, the repellency of these two products against Ae. aegypti adult females differed significantly. The hexane-extracted Cu. aromatica, with a median complete protection time of 1 h (range = 1-1.5 h) when applied at a concentration of 25%, appeared to have significantly higher repellency than that of distillate oil (0.5 h, range = 0-0.5 h). The different results obtained from both products of Cu. aromatica were probably due to variety in quantity and type of active ingredients as well as the biological and physiological characteristics that differed between both developmental stages of mosquitoes, larvae, and adults.
Over-encryption: management of access control evolution on outsourced data (2007)

Data outsourcing is emerging today as a successful paradigm allowing users and organizations to exploit external services for the distribution of resources. A crucial problem to be addressed in this context concerns the enforcement of selective authorization policies and the support of policy updates in dynamic scenarios.

In this paper, we present a novel solution to the enforcement of access control and the management of its evolution. Our proposal is based on the application of selective encryption as a means to enforce authorizations. Two layers of encryption are imposed on data: the inner layer is imposed by the owner for providing initial protection, the outer layer is imposed by the server to reflect policy modifications. The combination of the two layers provides an efficient and robust solution. The paper presents a model, an algorithm for the management of the two layers, and an analysis to identify and therefore counteract possible information exposure risks.