gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Human Semantic Potential (1996)

Drawing on ideas from cognitive linguistics, connectionism, and perception, The Human Semantic Potential describes a connectionist model that learns perceptually grounded semantics for natural language in spatial terms. Languages differ in the ways in which they structure space, and Regier's aim is to have the model perform its learning task for terms from any natural language. The system has so far succeeded in learning spatial terms from English, German, Russian, Japanese, and Mixtec. The model views simple movies of two-dimensional objects moving relative to one another and learns to classify them linguistically in accordance with the spatial system of some natural language. The overall goal is to determine which sorts of spatial configurations and events are learnable as the semantics for spatial terms and which are not. Ultimately, the model and its theoretical underpinnings are a step in the direction of articulating biologically based constraints on the nature of human semantic systems. Along the way Regier takes up such substantial issues as the attraction and the liabilities of PDP and structured connectionist modeling, the problem of learning without direct negative evidence, and the area of linguistic universals, which is addressed in the model itself. Trained on spatial terms from different languages, the model permits observations about the possible bases of linguistic universals and interlanguage variation. Bradford Books imprint
Effect of condensed tannins on the production of wool and on its processing characteristics in sheep grazing <i>Lotus corniculatus</i> (1998)

The effect of condensed tannins (CT) in Lotus corniculatus upon voluntary feed intake (VFI), concentration of rumen and plasma metabolites, production of wool, and wool processing characteristics was measured in grazing ewes restricted to maintenance feeding for 125 days during summer. A rotational grazing system with restricted feed allowance with 40 mixed aged dry ewes (54±1·0 kg) was used. Half of the ewes were selected randomly for twice-daily oral polyethylene glycol (PEG; MW 3500) supplementation (CT-inactivated), with the remainder being CT-acting animals. Measurements of the diet selected, VFI, wool production, and wool processing characteristics were made. The concentration of ammonia in rumen fluid and the concentrations of methionine, cysteine, and urea in blood plasma were also measured. The diet selected contained 32 g total nitrogen (N) and 28 g total CT/kg dry matter (DM) and had an in vitro organic matter digestibility of 0·70. Action of CT reduced rumen ammonia concentration (256 v . 302 mg N/L), reduced blood plasma urea concentration (7·3 v . 8·9 µM), and increased blood plasma cysteine concentration (30 v . 27 µM) compared with sheep receiving PEG supplementation. CT had no effect on VFI but increased clean fleece weight (2·53 v . 2·28 kg/ewe) and staple length (7·7 v . 6·9 cm), but did not affect liveweight gain (54 v 67 g/day). The CT reduced dag weight and tended to reduce wool yellowness relative to sheep receiving PEG. There were no signifiant effects of CT on fibre diameter, staple strength, bulk density, and wool resilience. It was concluded that action of CT in sheep fed L. corniculatus reduced the degradation of forage protein in the rumen and the principal effect of this was to increase the efficiency of wool production, with more wool being produced at the same feed intake and the wool being of reduced yellowness.
Ingénierie de glycoside hydrolases pour la glycosylation des protéines recombinantes (2004)

The control of glycosylation of recombinant proteins presents a considerable stake in the development of therapeutic proteins production in heterologous expression systems. Indeed glycosylation plays a key role in their properties, in particular pharmacokinetic properties. The remodelling of N-glycosylation of recombinant proteins was considered via the use of glycosynthase Cel7B E197A from Humicola insolens. This enzyme must first of all be modified in order to be able to accomodate an N-acetylglucosaminyl group in the acceptor subsite +1. Molecular modelling studies highlighted two amino acids which could prevent from positioning a carbohydrate unit substituted in position 2. Various mutants were prepared by site-directed mutagenesis in order to study their substrate specificity. Their glycosynthase activities were characterized, showing the influence of the introduced mutations. Even if the desired substrate specificity has not been obtained, a modification of the regioselectivity of the glycosynthase was highlighted with a substrate substituted in position 2 by an azido group.
Chromium supplementation of turkeys: effects on tissue chromium (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromium supplementation of turkeys: effects on tissue chromiumRichard A. Anderson, Noella A. Bryden, Marilyn M. Polansky, and Mark P. RichardsCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 1, 131–134Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00085a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00085a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Locomotion pattern generation of semi-looper type robots using central pattern generators based on van der Pol oscillators (2008)

A control problem is studied for generating the locomotion pattern of a semi-looper type robot by applying central pattern generators (CPGs), in which such a robot can realize two-rhythm motion and green caterpillar locomotion depending on the condition of environment. After deriving the dynamical model with two links and one actuator, the simulation of the robot is conducted using a CPG consisting of one van der Pol (VDP) oscillator. A CPG network composed of two VDP oscillators is further constructed to realize four-rhythm motion with three links and two actuators.
Superconducting critical temperatures, critical magnetic fields, lattice parameters, and chemical compositions of ‘‘bulk’’ pure and alloyed Nb3Sn produced by the bronze process (1986)

Superconducting critical temperatures Tc and magnetic fields Hc2, lattice parameters a0, and chemical compositions were measured for ‘‘bulk’’ layers (∼6 μm or greater) of ‘‘pure’’ and alloyed Nb3Sn which were made by the bronze process. The values of Tc, a0, and the composition of pure Nb3Sn layers were ∼18 K, 0.52900±0.00005 nm, and 25±0.5 at. % Sn, respectively, independent of heat-treatment temperature (between 650–780 °C) and of the bronze composition, as long as the thickness of the layers was greater than ∼6 μm. Small additions of Ti (∼1 at. %) or Ta (∼3 at. %) slightly increased the value of Tc (by ∼0.2–0.4 K) above that for pure Nb3Sn. However, additions of larger amounts of these elements or addition of other transition elements (V, Zr, and Mo) significantly decreased Tc. Also, small additions of these elements significantly increased Hc2. Specifically, the largest values of Hc2 (∼27 T at 4.2 K) were obtained for Nb3Sn layers containing ∼1.5 and ∼4 at. % of Ti and Ta, respectively, compared with a value for the pure Nb3Sn of 23.5 T at 4.2 K. The value of a0 decreased with all of the alloying additions; these variations can be explained qualitatively by several models for the lattice parameter of A15 compounds, but none of them can quantitatively predict the variations. In one system, (Nb,Ti)3Sn, values of the normal-state resistivity just above the transition temperature were measured: adding 3 at. % Ti raises the value to ∼55 μΩ cm from the value of 10–15 μΩ cm for pure Nb3Sn. This increase in the resistivity is thought to be a primary reason for the increased Hc2 for this system as well as the other types of alloyed Nb3Sn which were studied here.
Effect of nonspecific forces and finite receptor number on rate constants of ligand--cell bound-receptor interactions. (1981)

We develop a theory of ligand diffusion in the presence of a central potential toward or away from receptor patches that are uniformly distributed over a spherical cell. The current onto the receptors is reduced to less than that onto the sphere by a factor that is a nonlinear function of the number of free receptors, their size, and their potential energy. Similarly, under conditions defined by the theory, the dissociation rate from a receptor is reduced by the probability of rebinding to some other receptor on the same cell. This complicates the kinetic analysis, leading to the possibility of an occupancy-dependent dissociation rate, but has no effect on the interpretation of thermodynamic data.
Color Measurement in Plant Breeding (1970)

Abstract Instrumentation for color measurement is relatively well developed in terms of a convenient and accurate tool for the plant breeder. This paper discusses the development of a color solid and the meaning of a color reading in terms of the Judd-Hunter solid. Carrots are used as a specific example with references to squash, sweetpotatoes and red fruit juices. Color measurement can be used to predict the appearance of a fruit or vegetable which in turn can be used to predict the consumer acceptance in terms of appearance for the product. These methods are fairly accurate and are limited only by the ingenuity of the operator to present the sample to the instrument. The readings will reflect the visual impact from all factors which affect the color. It is unlikely that a color reading can be used to follow the development or degradation of a single pigment unless the system under study has only one predominant pigment. Such cases are relatively uncommon with fruits and vegetables.
Pathogenesis of Salmonella enteritidis Infection in Laying Chickens. I. Studies on Egg Transmission, Clinical Signs, Fecal Shedding, and Serologic Responses (1990)

Laying hens were inoculated orally, intracloacally (IC), or intravenously (IV) with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 8 isolates from a human (E700-87) eggs (Y-8P2), or the ovary of a hen (27A). Oral or IV inoculation of 2 x 10(8) to 4 x 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU) of E700-87 caused depression, anorexia, reduced egg production, diarrhea, and some mortality. Lower doses resulted in milder clinical signs. S. enteritidis was cultured from the shells of a few eggs but not from egg contents. Fecal shedding persisted for up to 6 weeks in some birds. Isolate Y-8P2 (10(6) CFU) also caused anorexia, diarrhea, and a drop in egg production. Hens inoculated orally or IC were less severely affected than those inoculated IV. Fecal shedding was intermittent and lasted up to 18 days. Eggshells from the IC-inoculated birds had the highest rate of contamination, and S. enteritidis was isolated from the albumen of 11 and yolk of three of 726 eggs. Oral inoculation of 10(6) CFU of isolate 27A resulted in a bacteremic infection with seeding of the liver, spleen, peritoneum, ovule, and oviduct. However, the birds remained clinically normal with normal egg production. S. enteritidis was cultured from the yolk and albumen of a small number of eggs until 11 days postinfection. Antigen prepared from S. enteritidis detected antibody in more sera than did commercially available S. pullorum antigen in agglutination tests.
What Happened to the Streptococci: Overview of Taxonomic and Nomenclature Changes (2002)

Since the division of the Streptococcus genus into enterococci, lactococci, and streptococci in 1984, many changes in the nomenclature and taxonomy of the Streptococcus genus have taken place. The application of genetic comparisons has improved the proper classification of the different species. The Lancefield system of serogrouping the streptococci by the expression of beta-hemolysis on blood agar plates is still very useful for the identification of streptococci for patient management. The Lancefield grouping system cannot be used in itself for accurate identification of specific beta-hemolytic species, but it can be a useful part of the identification procedure. Except for identification of the "Streptococcus bovis group" of species and Streptococcus suis, Lancefield grouping is of little value in identification of the non-beta-hemolytic streptococci and related genera. In fact, identification of the non-beta-hemolytic species is problematic for conventional as well as commercially available identification procedures. A combination of conventional tests and specific chromogenic tests suggested by several investigators is presented and discussed. Tables are included that suggest tests and procedures to guide investigators attempting to identify all the species.
Toxic and repellent effects of 2'-acetonaphthone on Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (2004)

2′-Acetonaphthone was evaluated for its toxicity and repellency on Coptotermes formosanus. In topical application assays using 2′- acetonaphthone on termites from four different colonies, the 24 h-LD 50s ranged from 1.75 to 7.24 μg/worker and 2.16 to 5.12 μg/soldier and the 48 h LD90s ranged from 3.09 to 12.32 μg/termite. For each colony, soldiers and workers responded similarly with no significant difference between 24 h and 48 h toxicity data. Termites from one colony showed a 2- to 4-fold increase in tolerance to 2′-acetonaphthone compared to the other 3 colonies. In no-choice assays, filter paper impregnated in 2′-acetonaphthone solutions at ≥ 0.05% (% AI in ethyl alcohol) was toxic to workers and soldiers at 24 h and resulted in 100% mortality by day 5. In two-choice assays with treated and untreated filter paper, 2′-acetonaphthone was repellent at ≥ 5 μg/cm2 and resulted in a significant reduction in food consumption at ≥ 20 μg/cm 2. In two-choice assays, the survival rate of termites exposed to 40 μg/cm2 for 15 d was not different from the control. The same concentration resulted in 100% mortality within 8 h in no-choice assays. In sand barrier assays using 2′-acetonaphthone at 8 mg (AI)/kg sand, the presence of 10% soldiers increased the repellency compared to assays where workers were without any soldiers.
Conformation and Structure of Polymeric Contrast Agents for Medical Imaging (2003)

The structure of Gd-DTPA-polylysine, Gd-DOTA-polylysine, Gd-SCN-Bz-DOTA-polylysine, and Gd-DTPA-poly(glu:lys) was investigated with circular dichroism, gel permeation chromatography, low angle light scattering, and proton longitudinal relaxivity. Molecular modeling calculations were performed and predicted helical secondary structure for charged Gd-chelator residues, i.e., Gd-DTPA, when the DTPA conjugation levels reached 90% and higher. This helical secondary structure was observed with circular dichroism. The conformational transition from coiled to extended linear was observed also by gel permeation chromatography and by proton relaxivity measurements. The helical secondary structure was not observed when the chelator was changed to DOTA. The residue charge interactions were eliminated in this case since the Gd-DOTA complex had no net charge. For this construct, the gel permeation and relaxivity measurements indicated a coiled conformation. An extended linear conformation was regained when the chelator complex was changed to Gd-SCN-Bz-DOTA, which had a net negative charge. The functional aspects of these structures were investigated by MR imaging of an animal tumor model. The linear extended polymer constructs gave 10-fold higher tumor signals then the coiled-collapsed constructs, indicating a much higher degree of trans-endothelial transport in the tumors.
The Geriatric Patient with Central Nervous System Dysfunction (1983)

The clinical manifestations of central nervous system dysfunction (CNS) in geriatric patients present a serious challenge to all health care providers. As professionals knowledgeable in the neurophysiological basis of CNS dysfunction, physical and occupational therapists have a unique responsibility to upgrade the quality of rehabilitation services provided to the severely disabled elderly. Although the most well known neurophysiological approaches utilized by therapists have traditionally been applied to children with developmental disabilities, these therapeutic approaches can be effectively adapted to the geriatric patient with CNS dysfunction. In this article, Rood's sensorimotor approach, based upon neurophysiological and developmental concepts, is applied to sensorimotor problems commonly encountered by therapists in geriatric patients: poor weight bearing function, abnormal postures and movements, and flexor tightness leading to contracture. Intervention strategies are developed from the tonic/phasic differentiation of skeletal muscle and from mobility/stability concepts within Rood's four levels of sensorimotor development. This author proposes that many sensorimotor problems of geriatric patients with CNS dysfunction are the result of a poorly functioning tonic system is considered, and activities facilitatory to tonic, stabilizing functions are reviewed.
The Major Genetic Determinants of HIV-1 Control Affect HLA Class I Peptide Presentation (2020)

Infectious and inflammatory diseases have repeatedly shown strong genetic associations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC); however, the basis for these associations remains elusive. To define host genetic effects on the outcome of a chronic viral infection, we performed genome-wide association analysis in a multiethnic cohort of HIV-1 controllers and progressors, and we analyzed the effects of individual amino acids within the classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins. We identified >300 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MHC and none elsewhere. Specific amino acids in the HLA-B peptide binding groove, as well as an independent HLA-C effect, explain the SNP associations and reconcile both protective and risk HLA alleles. These results implicate the nature of the HLA–viral peptide interaction as the major factor modulating durable control of HIV infection.
Antibiotic resistant pattern of environmental isolates of Listeria monocytogenes from Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria (2007)

Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in cow manure, agricultural soil, and common vegetables sold in major markets in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria was determined. Antibiotic resistant pattern of the isolates was examined by paper disk assay. A total of 196 environmental samples were cultured on a selective medium out of which 153 (78.1%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. Erythromycin was the most effective antibiotic against the isolates with the least resistance (28.1%) while chloramphenicol proved to be least effective with resistant of 52.29%. The multiple-antibiotic resistant pattern of the isolates showed augumentin/amoxicillin (33.3%),  lugumentin/erythromycin (24.18%), and cotrimoxazole/ chloramphenicol/amoxicillin (28.8%) to be most prominent. The least value was observed in cloxacilin/cotrimoxazole/gentamycin with 15.34%. The modal values of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the antibiotics to the isolates range between 4.0 and >16.0 ig/ml. cotrimoxazole and gentamicin recorded the highest MIC compared with other antibiotics.
[Lymphatic metastasis in patients with invasive cervical carcinoma after initial treatment]. (2007)

Invasive cervical carcinoma patients with lymphatic metastasis alone after initial treatment may benefit from aggressive salvage treatment.
New screening system for selection of anticancer drugs for treatment of human colorectal cancer. (1986)

We report an evaluation of a new radiometric technique (BACTEC assay) as a potential screening system for cytotoxic compounds with activity against cancer of the large bowel. Exponentially growing cells of nine different human colorectal cancer cell lines were exposed to a variety of standard anticancer agents with or without documented clinical activity. Each drug was tested in a series of 1-h and continuous exposure studies utilizing three different concentrations. Antineoplastic effects were analyzed as a function of in vivo achievable serum concentrations, namely by a ratio of the concentration required to decrease cell growth to 10% of control to one-tenth of the peak plasma concentration in humans. Our results suggest that COLO 320DM, OM-1, and Ht-29 cells manifest responsiveness to anticancer drugs consistent with that noted in clinical studies with most agents tested. The radiometric technique provides several advantages for a screening system, including reproducibility, a good agreement with the cloning assay, speed, and low costs. The combined use of the BACTEC technique and the three colon cancer cell lines could prove useful as a screen for new anticancer compounds with activity in colorectal cancer.
ATFresno: a phenotype linking ataxia-telangiectasia with the Nijmegen breakage syndrome. (1989)

This report describes twin girls with typical features of ataxia-telangiectasia, including increased alpha-fetoprotein, radio-resistant DNA synthesis, characteristic chromosome abnormality, and immunodeficiency. They have, in addition, microcephaly and mental retardation. Complementation studies were performed utilizing Sendai virus--mediated fusion of fibroblast cell lines. Complementation was observed with patients in ataxia-telangiectasia complementation groups A, C, and E but not with the cell line from a patient with the Nijmegen breakage syndrome, in which patients have microcephaly, radio-resistant DNA synthesis, chromosome aberrations, and immunodeficiency but lack ataxia and telangiectasia. These data suggest that the Nijmegen breakage syndrome and the patients described here are not genetically distinct entities but form a spectrum of one disorder.
Non-coding RNAs in exercise (2017)

Abstract: Regular exercise is a well-established intervention for chronic diseases. A variety of adaptive responses in multiple organ systems are involved in the biology of exercise. The beneficial effects of physical activity are well-documented, yet the molecular and cellular mechanisms for the adaptive response to physical activities remain incompletely described. Recent findings suggest a putative role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), in the progression and management of the physical training related changes. A number of miRNAs has been identified as modulators of exercise induced adaption in skeletal muscle or heart. miR-1, miR-126, the miR-99/100 family, miR-181, miR-1 and miR-107 were increased while miR-23, miR-696 and miR-494 were decreased in skeletal muscle after exercise. miR-222, miR-27a, miR-27b, miR-29a, miR-21, miR-144, miR-145, miR-208a, miR-30e and miR-19b were upregulated while miR-143, miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-124, miR-99b, miR-100, miR-191a, miR-22 and miR-181a were downregulated in heart after exercise. miR-126 was increased while miR-16 and miR-21 were decreased in vessels after exercise. In addition to tissue-specific miRNAs, an altered array of miRNAs in circulation has been described during exercise. Contrast to miRNAs, little is known about long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in exercise. Identification the role of ncRNAs in exercise will improve our understanding of exercise physiology and has the potential to enhance the application of current therapeutic approaches.