gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thioctic Acid Induces Dose-Dependent Sprouting of Neuritesin Cultured Rat Neuroblastoma Cells (1990)

Quantitative computer-assisted evaluation of thioctic acid-induced sprouting in Neuro-2a cells reveals a clear dose dependence with respect to several parameters of sprouting. At first predominantly the length of main sprouts per cell (neurites from cell soma to first branching) and the number of branchings per cell are increased. With the higher dosages, the length of branches per cell rises considerably, too. In contrast, the degree of branching (mean length of neurites per branching) seems to be independent of the concentration of thioctic acid. The capacity of thioctic acid to induce sprouting is discussed in terms of the involvement of SH groups and with regard to regeneration phenomena as they may occur in diabetogenic neuropathy.
Distributed detection of a nuclear radioactive source using fusion of correlated decisions (2007)

A distributed detection method is developed for the detection of a nuclear radioactive source using a small number of radiation counters. Local one bit decisions are made at each sensor over a period of time and a fusion center makes the global decision. A novel test for the fusion of correlated decisions is derived using the theory of copulas and optimal sensor thresholds are obtained using the Normal copula function. The performance of the derived fusion rule is compared with that of the Chair-Varshney rule. An increase in detection performance is observed. A method to estimate the correlation between the sensor observations using only the vector of sensor decisions is also proposed.
Acoustical Analysis of Vowel Duration in Palestinian Arabic Speaking Aphasics (2014)

The current study investigates vowel durations of Arabic- speaking Broca’s aphasics. Three subjects diagnosed with Broca’s aphasia and three normal speakers participated in this study. Vowel durations of the short Arabic vowels (/i/, /a/, /u/) preceding voiced and voiceless fricatives were measured and analyzed. The effects of voicing on vowel duration are also investigated. The results show that the normal speakers as well as Broca’s aphasics complied with the phonological rule, vowels being longer preceding voiced fricatives. It is also demonstrated that vowel durations were significantly greater for Broca’s aphasics compared to normal speakers. Finally, this study is brought to bear on several aspects concerning timing and prosodic impairments of Broca’s aphasic speech. The finding may also have clinical applications concerning speech and language therapy in Palestine.
Synthesis of cyclic monothiocarbonates via the coupling reaction of carbonyl sulfide (COS) with epoxides (2015)

Two guanidine bases were used as organocatalysts for the synthesis of cyclic monothiocarbonates <italic>via</italic> the coupling reaction of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and epoxides.
A generic model for tetherless access to the telephone network (2003)

A model for tetherless access to the telephone network that appears to subsume all known methods of tetherless access is presented. It provides for antennas at many different base stations communicating with each remote or roving unit. The model generically represents signals as vectors in an abstract vector space. The system is optimized by finding the combination of transmitted signal vector and linear receiver characteristic that maximizes the ratio of mean-square received signal level to the sum of mean-square distortion, interference, and noise. The solution of the optimization problem points to ways that interference can be suppressed and system capacity increased by using central signal processing. Thus, the model is a vehicle for further study of tetherless access.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Developing a Tool for 3D Reservoir Simulation of Hydraulically Fractured Wells (2007)

Summary This paper describes the development and capabilities of a novel and unique tool that interfaces a hydraulic fracture model and a reservoir simulator. This new tool is another step in improving both the efficiency and consistency of connecting hydraulic fracture engineering and reservoir engineering. The typical way to model hydraulically fractured wells in 3D reservoir simulators is to approximate the fracture behavior with a modified skin or productivity index (PI). Neither method captures all the important physics of flow into and through the fracture. This becomes even more critical in cases of multiphase flow and multilayered reservoirs. Modeling the cleanup phase following hydraulic fracture treatments can be very important in tight gas reservoirs, and this also requires a more detailed simulation of the fracture. Realistic modeling of horizontal wells with multiple hydraulic fractures is another capability that is needed in the industry. This capability requires more than an approximate description of the fracture(s) in the reservoir-simulation model. To achieve all the capabilities mentioned above, a new tool was developed within a commercial lumped 3D fracture-simulation model. This new tool enables significantly more accurate prediction of post-fracture performance with a commercial reservoir simulator. The automatically generated reservoir simulator input files represent the geometry and hydraulic properties of the reservoir, the fracture, the damaged zone around the fracture, and the initial pressure and filtrate fluid distribution in the reservoir. Consistency with the fracture-simulation inputs and outputs is assured because the software automatically transfers the information. High-permeability gridblocks that capture the 2D variation of the fracture conductivity within the reservoir simulator input files represent the fracture. If the fracture width used in the reservoir model is larger than the actual fracture width, the permeability and porosity of the fracture blocks are reduced to maintain the transmissibility and porous volume of the actual fracture. Both proppant and acid fracturing are handled with this approach. To capture the changes in fracture conductivity over time as the bottomhole flowing pressure (BHFP) changes, the pressure-dependent behavior of the fracture is passed to the reservoir simulator. Local grid refinement (LGR) is used in the region of the wellbore and the fracture tip, as well as in the blocks adjacent to the fracture plane. Using small gridblocks adjacent to the fracture plane is needed for an adequate representation of the filtrate-invaded zone using the leakoff depth distribution provided by the fracture simulator. The reservoir simulator input can be created for multiphase fluid systems with multiple layers and different permeabilities. In addition, different capillary pressure and relative permeability saturation functions for each layer are allowed.
Oxygen Based Claus Process for Recovery of Sulfur from H2S Gases (1993)

Novel oxygen‐based modifications of the Claus process for sulfur recovery from gases containing hydrogen sulfide are analyzed and compared with the conventional air‐based technology. Oxygen‐based modifications include systems with air enrichment by oxygen, with oxygen‐air‐water oxidizers, with recycle of cooled products from boilers back into the Claus furnace, and systems with consecutive or parallel‐consecutive Claus furnaces. The analysis used in this work involves the process thermodynamics and kinetics, as well as modeling of the entire system. The thermodynamics was evaluated using the STANJAN chemical equilibrium solver program, which utilizes the principle of minimization of free Gibbs energy. The process kinetics was evaluated using published data on full‐scale Claus systems. The performance of various process modifications was evaluated by the use of numerical analyses. The major findings of the work are that oxygen‐based Claus systems can be used for: (1) Upgrading existing systems and for use in new systems; and (2) reducing the equipment size requirement in new systems. In addition the Claus process may be used for a variety of conditions met in various industries.
An eight-position capillary sample spinning stage for the diffractometer at BL20B at the Photon Factory (1998)

An eight-position capillary sample spinning stage has been developed for use in conjunction with the versatile vacuum diffractometer (BIGDIFF) at BL20B at the Photon Factory. BIGDIFF is often used in its powder diffraction mode using powders mounted in capillaries and up to eight imaging plates to record the diffraction pattern from the sample. Using the multiple spinning stage a number of diffraction patterns can be recorded on the imaging plates if the imaging-plate cassette is moved behind the Weissenberg screen to a new position after exposure of the sample to the beam. Not only is this system more efficient in terms of time saved in the pumping-down process, but also it has the advantage of allowing the diffraction patterns of standards to be recorded, thereby calibrating both the angle scale of the diffractometer and the intensity scales of the imaging plates absolutely.
Alterations in diastolic ventricular interdependence due to myocardial infarction (1988)

The pressure and volume in one ventricle can directly influence the pressure and volume in the other ventricle. Since this mechanical coupling depends on the anatomical structure of the heart, we postulated that disease states which alter regional ventricular compliance will alter the mechanical coupling between the ventricles. We examined this hypothesis in six dogs, each with a prior myocardial infarction involving solely the left ventricular free wall. The animals were sacrificed, the hearts removed and placed in cool cardioplegic solution. Balloons were inserted into each ventricle and the left and right pressure (dPl,dPr) and volume (dVl,dVr) changes (or transfer) caused by change to the pressure and volume of the other ventricle were recorded. In five additional experiments, acute changes in compliance were induced by injecting glutaraldehyde into the left ventricular free wall. The results of these experiments were compared to four control experiments. As compared to the control experiments, the transfer functions dPl/dPr, dPl/dVr, dPr/dVl, and dVr/dVl increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the infarct and glutaraldehyde groups, while the transfer functions dVl/dPr, dVl/dVr, dPr/dPl and dVr/dPl were unaltered in the infarct and glutaraldehyde groups. The results of these studies show significant selective alteration in the mechanical coupling between the ventricles following left ventricular free wall infarction.
Controlled sample program publication No. 1: characterization of rock samples. (1978)

A description is presented of the methodology used and the geologic parameters measured on several rocks which are being used in round-robin laboratory and nuclide adsorption methodology experiments. Presently investigators from various laboratories are determining nuclide distribution coefficients utilizing numerous experimental techniques. Unfortunately, it appears that often the resultant data are dependent not only on the type of groundwater and rock utilized, but also on the experimentor or method used. The Controlled Sample Program is a WISAP (Waste Isolation Safety Assessment Program) attempt to resolve the apparent method and dependencies and to identify individual experimenter's bias. The rock samples characterized in an interlaboratory Kd methodology comparison program include Westerly granite, Argillaceous shale, Oolitic limestone, Sentinel Gap basalt, Conasauga shale, Climax Stock granite, anhydrite, Magenta dolomite and Culebra dolomite. Techniques used in the characterization include whole rock chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, optical examination, electron microprobe elemental mapping, and chemical analysis of specific mineral phases. Surface areas were determined by the B.E.T. and ethylene glycol sorption methods. Cation exchange capacities were determined with /sup 85/Sr, but were of questionable value for the high calcium rocks. A quantitative mineralogy was also estimated for each rock. Characteristics which have the potential of strongly affecting radionuclide Kd values such as the presence of sulfides, water-soluble, pH-buffering carbonates, glass, and ferrous iron were listed for each rock sample.
Cell adhesion and morphogenesis: the regulator hypothesis. (1984)

A sequence for the genetic and molecular regulation of morphogenesis is proposed in terms of the regulator hypothesis which is intended to provide a specific molecular framework relating developmental genetics to evolution. The hypothesis derives from an analysis of the interactive morphogenetic roles of the primary processes of cell adhesion, cell movement, and embryonic induction during regulative development. According to the regulator hypothesis, the genes for cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are expressed in schedules that are prior to and largely independent of those for cytodifferentiation. The expressed CAMs act as regulators of the overall patterns of those morphogenetic movements that are essential for inductive sequences or early milieu-dependent differentiations. It is proposed that, during evolution, natural selection eliminates those organisms in which variants of CAM gene expression or of morphogenetic movements or of both result in interruptions in the inductive sequence. Under this assumption, more than one (but not all) combinations of these two variables will lead to stabilization of the order of inductive sequences and of the body plan in a variety of species. Moreover, small variations in the pattern of action of regulatory genes for CAMs in those organisms that are not selected against could lead to large changes in animal form within relatively short periods of evolutionary time. The experimental bases for the regulator hypothesis are reviewed here in terms of the molecular properties of CAMs and their known spatio-temporal sequences of expression during early embryogenesis.
Mutant ataxin1 disrupts cerebellar development in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (2018)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the protein ATXN1, which is involved in transcriptional regulation. Although symptoms appear relatively late in life, primarily from cerebellar dysfunction, pathogenesis begins early, with transcriptional changes detectable as early as a week after birth in SCA1-knockin mice. Given the importance of this postnatal period for cerebellar development, we asked whether this region might be developmentally altered by mutant ATXN1. We found that expanded ATXN1 stimulates the proliferation of postnatal cerebellar stem cells in SCA1 mice. These hyperproliferating stem cells tended to differentiate into GABAergic inhibitory interneurons rather than astrocytes; this significantly increased the GABAergic inhibitory interneuron synaptic connections, disrupting cerebellar Purkinje cell function in a non-cell autonomous manner. We confirmed the increased basket cell-Purkinje cell connectivity in human SCA1 patients. Mutant ATXN1 thus alters the neural circuitry of the developing cerebellum, setting the stage for the later vulnerability of Purkinje cells to SCA1. We propose that other late-onset degenerative diseases may also be rooted in subtle developmental derailments.
Liquid-immune structural colors with angle-independence inspired from hollow melanosomes (2017)

In this work, hollow polydopamine (PDA) amorphous colloidal structures with liquid-immune and angle-independent structural colors have been successfully fabricated. Owing to the high refractive index contrast derived from hollow PDA, and its light-absorbing nature, the as-prepared colloidal materials demonstrate brilliant structural colors even in liquid environments.
PTIGS-IdIt, a system for species identification by DNA sequences of the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer region (2011)

The Edit distance and the DNFP methods have the highest discrimination powers. Hybrid methods can be used to achieve significant improvement in performance. These methods can be extended to applications using the core barcodes and the other supplemental DNA barcode ITS2. To our knowledge, the web server developed here is the only one that allows species determination based on PTIGS sequences. The web server can be accessed at http://psba-trnh-plantidit.dnsalias.org.
Protection against Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection Using a Capsular Polysaccharide Glycoconjugate Vaccine (2016)

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an encapsulated bacterium and one of the most important bacterial pathogens in the porcine industry. Despite decades of research for an efficient vaccine, none is currently available. Based on the success achieved with other encapsulated pathogens, a glycoconjugate vaccine strategy was selected to elicit opsonizing anti-capsular polysaccharide (anti-CPS) IgG antibodies. In this work, glycoconjugate prototypes were prepared by coupling S. suis type 2 CPS to tetanus toxoid, and the immunological features of the postconjugation preparations were evaluated in vivo In mice, experiments evaluating three different adjuvants showed that CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) induces very low levels of anti-CPS IgM antibodies, while the emulsifying adjuvants Stimune and TiterMax Gold both induced high levels of IgGs and IgM. Dose-response trials comparing free CPS with the conjugate vaccine showed that free CPS is nonimmunogenic independently of the dose used, while 25 μg of the conjugate preparation was optimal in inducing high levels of anti-CPS IgGs postboost. With an opsonophagocytosis assay using murine whole blood, sera from immunized mice showed functional activity. Finally, the conjugate vaccine showed immunogenicity and induced protection in a swine challenge model. When conjugated and administered with emulsifying adjuvants, S. suis type 2 CPS is able to induce potent IgM and isotype-switched IgGs in mice and pigs, yielding functional activity in vitro and protection against a lethal challenge in vivo, all features of a T cell-dependent response. This study represents a proof of concept for the potential of glycoconjugate vaccines in veterinary medicine applications against invasive bacterial infections.
Inverse analyses for natural and multicracks using signals from a differential transmit-receive ECT probe (2002)

This paper describes the inverse analysis in the frame works of a round-robin test for the testing of steam generator tubes by eddy-current testing (ECT). An ECT probe with high space resolution was newly proposed, for the purpose of better and easier crack shape evaluations. This new probe is applied to the round-robin test pieces including natural crack samples and a multicrack sample. Inverse problems of the crack shape reconstructions are solved by a fast forward simulator and the conjugated gradient method. Experimental ECT signals as well as results of reconstructions are shown. Treatments of a natural crack and multicracks are discussed.
Molten iron oxysulfide as a superior sulfur sorbent (1991)

Slagging combustors with injected lime or limestone are being considered as replacements for conventional coal burners. They have advantages in that they can be staged to reduce NO{sub x} and SO{sub x} emissions. Iron oxide, as an alternative to lime or limestone may be effective not only as a desulfurizing agent, but under the right conditions of oxygen potential and after combination with sulfur, the reaction products of coal gases with iron oxide can act as a flux to produce a fluid phase. The thermodynamic conditions for determining the most effective operating conditions of the first stage of a combustor are calculated for several Illinois coal. The conditions studied during this quarter were for contact of a coal gas with a liquid iron oxysulfide phase for one temperature: 1200{degree}C, for which data in the literature were available. The calculations are in terms of the expected pounds of SO{sub 2} per million Btu of heat evolution calculated for complete combustion of the coal. The calculations indicate that the lowest sulfur levels in the off-gas occur in contact with iron in contact with a liquid phase containing 49.0 atom% iron, 29.5 atom% oxygen and 21.5 atom% sulfur. Under these conditions, the stack gas contain 0.59 pounds of SO{sub 2} per million BTU's of heat generated. The results of the calculations are reported both in tabular form and in three-dimensional representation. Lowest values occur as a trough'' on the iron-oxygen-sulfur isotherm at compositions at the phase boundary of the oxysulfide liquid region in equilibrium with iron.
Novel technology for storage and distribution of live vaccines and other biological medicines at ambient temperature (2020)

A novel, thin-film platform that preserves live viruses, bacteria, antibodies, and enzymes without refrigeration for extended periods of time is described. Studies with recombinant adenovirus in an optimized formulation that supports recovery of live virus through 16 freeze-thaw cycles revealed that production of an amorphous solid with a glass transition above room temperature and nitrogen-hydrogen bonding between virus and film components are critical determinants of stability. Administration of live influenza virus in the optimized film by the sublingual and buccal routes induced antibody-mediated immune responses as good as or better than those achieved by intramuscular injection. This work introduces the possibility of improving global access to a variety of medicines by offering a technology capable of reducing costs of production, distribution, and supply chain maintenance.
Diagnostic of phased arrays with faulty elements using the mutual coupling method (2009)

The ability to calibrate phased array antennas by utilising the mutual coupling method (MCM), which takes advantage of the mutual coupling effect between adjacent elements, is addressed. The basic assumption of the method is that the mutual coupling between adjacent elements is equal for all elements in the array and its major deficiency is its failure in the case of faulty elements. A parametric study to identify the effect of faulty elements in the array has been conducted. It has been shown that displacement of one element in the array may cause a significant error in the calibration, which affects its radiation characteristics (increase in the far side lobe level). The main contribution is the presentation of the effect of faulty elements in the calibration process and the proposal of a way to detect and bypass the faulty elements in a phased array calibrated by the MCM.