gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
α1-Syntrophin–deficient skeletal muscle exhibits hypertrophy and aberrant formation of neuromuscular junctions during regeneration (2002)

Alpha1-syntrophin is a member of the family of dystrophin-associated proteins; it has been shown to recruit neuronal nitric oxide synthase and the water channel aquaporin-4 to the sarcolemma by its PSD-95/SAP-90, Discs-large, ZO-1 homologous domain. To examine the role of alpha1-syntrophin in muscle regeneration, we injected cardiotoxin into the tibialis anterior muscles of alpha1-syntrophin-null (alpha1syn-/-) mice. After the treatment, alpha1syn-/- muscles displayed remarkable hypertrophy and extensive fiber splitting compared with wild-type regenerating muscles, although the untreated muscles of the mutant mice showed no gross histological change. In the hypertrophied muscles of the mutant mice, the level of insulin-like growth factor-1 transcripts was highly elevated. Interestingly, in an early stage of the regeneration process, alpha1syn-/- mice showed remarkably deranged neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), accompanied by impaired ability to exercise. The contractile forces were reduced in alpha1syn-/- regenerating muscles. Our results suggest that the lack of alpha1-syntrophin might be responsible in part for the muscle hypertrophy, abnormal synapse formation at NMJs, and reduced force generation during regeneration of dystrophin-deficient muscle, all of which are typically observed in the early stages of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.
Programming collective intelligence : building smart web 2.0 applications (2007)

This fascinating book demonstrates how you can build web applications to mine the enormous amount of data created by people on the Internet. With the sophisticated algorithms in this book, you can write smart programs to access interesting datasets from other web sites, collect data from users of your own applications, and analyze and understand the data once you've found it.
High sensitivity skimmers and non-linear mass dependent fractionation in ICP-MS (2009)

A number of prototype high sensitivity skimmers have been developed at Nu Instruments. Signal enhancements of up to a factor of 5 were observed, depending on the element and the sampler–skimmer spacing. However, when using these high sensitivity skimmers, the instrumental mass fractionation for neodymium displayed a large non-linear component that could not be corrected for using the accepted mass fractionation laws. It is proposed that the origin of this non-linear mass fractionation is the formation of NdO+ close to the skimmer surface. The degree of oxide formation, and hence fractionation, is isotope dependent but it is not a linear function of mass. A decrease in the measured xNd/144Nd ratio, relative to standard values, is associated with a concomitant increase in the same ratio in NdO+ (and vice versa). The observed inverse relationship between the metal and oxide species is consistent with mass balance calculations. The magnitude of this effect was dependent on conditions at the skimmer surface (geometry, surface coating, etc.) and could be suppressed by the addition of small amounts of N2 to the carrier gas flow. A simplified energy-resonant ion-atom reaction is postulated to explain these observations, and can be extended to a general model of REE oxide formation in the supersonic expansion. The non-linear fractionation observed also appears to correlate with deviations (from a linear function of mass) in the nuclear charge radii. This is the first evidence of nuclear volume effects contributing to the instrumental mass fractionation in ICP-MS.
Thiazolidinedione Induces Apoptosis and Monocytic Differentiation in the Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line HL60 (1999)

Thiazolidinedione (TZD) is known to be a potent activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a nuclear receptor that constitutes a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR). Since a considerable amount of PPARgamma is expressed in various hematopoietic cells, the present study was undertaken to examine the effect of TZD in the absence or presence of LG100268, an RXR-selective ligand, on a cultured promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL60. Treatment with TZD (25-50 microM troglitazone or pioglitazone) markedly suppressed cell proliferation of HL60. A cell cycle analysis revealed that the suppressive effect of troglitazone on HL60 cell proliferations was caused by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest as well as by an apoptotic effect. Treatment with the same concentration of troglitazone also induced the monocytic differentiation of HL60 cells. The apoptotic or the differentiating effect of TZD on HL60 cells was synergistically enhanced by the combined treatment with 1 microM LG100268, while LG100268 alone neither had an apoptotic nor a differentiating effect on HL60 cells. These results suggest that these actions are mediated through the nuclear receptor system constituted by the PPARgamma: RXR heterodimer.
Domestication of the green alga Chlorella sorokiniana: reduction of antenna size improves light-use efficiency in a photobioreactor (2014)

These results suggest that generation of mutants with low chlorophyll content can significantly improve the light-to-biomass conversion efficiency of C. sorokiniana under mass culture conditions. However, owing to the lack of sexual reproduction in this species, the presence of additional mutations might affect growth rate, suggesting that selection should include evaluation of multiple independent mutants for each desired phenotype.
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet Package (2000)

From the Publisher:
Features
Includes many interactive features, such as direct access to the Traceroute program, direct access to search engines for Internet Drafts, Java applets that animate difficult concepts, and (in the near future) direct access to streaming audio Internet focus motivates students to learn more about other network technologies Discusses not only what networks can do, but also the principles behind them Well-suited for asynchronous online courses
The Research on Data Transfer Technology Based on Digital TV System (2006)

Digital TV is a very valid technique for information transfer.This paper introduces a method of data transfer by digital TV system.
Morphology Control of Cadmium Selenide Nanocrystals: Insights into the Roles of Di-<i>n</i>-octylphosphine Oxide (DOPO) and Di-<i>n</i>-octylphosphinic Acid (DOPA) (2012)

Di-n-octylphosphine oxide (DOPO) and di-n-octylphosphinic acid (DOPA), as two of impurities found in commercial tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO), generate significant differences in the outcomes of CdSe-nanocrystal (NC) syntheses. Using n-tetradecylphosphonic acid (TDPA) as the primary acid additive, quantum dots (QDs) are grown with DOPO added, whereas quantum rods (QRs) are grown in the presence of DOPA. While using oleic acid (OA) as the primary acid additive, QDs are generated and the QDs produced with DOPA exhibit larger sizes and size distributions than those produced with DOPO. (31)P NMR analyses of the reaction mixtures reveal that the majority of the DOPO has been converted into DOPA and di-n-octylphosphine (DOP) with DOP being removed via evacuation over the course of Cd-precursor preparation. The origin of the puzzling differences in the shape control of CdSe NCs in the presence of DOPO and DOPA is elucidated to be the small quantity of DOPO present, which liberates DOP during NC synthesis. In the presence of DOP, regardless of DOPA, the precursor-conversion kinetics and thus the nucleation kinetics are dramatically accelerated, generating a large number of nuclei by consuming a significant amount of CdSe nutrients, favoring QD growth. Similarly, QD growth is favored by the fast nucleation kinetics in the presence of OA, and the broader size distributions of QDs with DOPA are due to a second nucleation event initiated by the more stable Cd-di-n-octylphosphinate component. In contrast, a slow nucleation event results in the growth of QRs in the case of using DOPA and TDPA, where no DOPO or DOP is present. The results, thus, demonstrate the important role of precursor-conversion kinetics in the control of NC morphologies.
Nanoparticle Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Activity of Pt Alloys for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (2002)

A nanoparticle synthesis for naked PtRu, PtMo, PtW, and PtNi alloys of average 1.7 nm is reported. New nanoparticles in this method were examined in the anode electrocatalysis for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The high activity of Pt alloy electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation was rationalized by the proper alloy formation and surface chemical composition of nanoparticles to satisfy bifunctional and electronic effects, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (and energy-dispersive X-ray), X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The small-sized nanoparticles showed the possibility to help the enhancement of the DMFC unit cell performance. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
CFD ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION OF SLIDE CONICAL BEARING WITH CONSIDERATION OF THE BEARING SHAFT AND SLEEVE SURFACE ROUGHNESS (2014)

In this work is shown the result of CFD simulation of hydrodynamic conical bearing lubrication with consideration of the effect of the bearing shaft and sleeve surface roughness. The oil flow in a bearing lubrication gap largely depend on the condition of the cooperating surfaces of a bearing. Surface irregularities are formed already at the manufacturing process and furthermore the quality of the surface may change during operation of a bearing. In this work, as a parameter describing surface condition, the Ks roughness height parameter was taken (i.e. sand-grain roughness height). The hydrodynamic pressure distribution in lubrication gaps of investigated bearings were calculated by using the commercial CFD software ANSYS Academic Research for fluid flow phenomenon (Fluent). Calculations were conducted for bearings without misalignment. The Ostwald-de Waele model for non-Newtonian fluids was adopted in this simulation. The coefficients of Ostwald-de Waele relationship were determined by application of the least squares approximation method and fitting curves described by this model to the experimental data, obtained for some motor oils, presented in previous work. The calculated hydrodynamic pressure distributions were compared with the data obtained for corresponding bearings, but assuming that bearings have smooth surfaces and there is no slip on surfaces. This paper presents results for bearings with different rotational speeds and of different bearing gap heights.
Comparative ray‐based illumination analysis (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002Comparative ray‐based illumination analysisAuthors: Steve CampbellBill PramikBill CafarelliSteve CampbellPGS Research, Bill PramikPGS Research, and Bill CafarelliPGS Seafloor Seismichttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817270 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817270FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByA practical workflow using quantitative interpretation of seismic amplitudes to derisk infill wells in deepwater Gulf of Mexico: The Auger exampleThe Leading Edge, Vol. 38, No. 10Extending illumination using all multiples: application to 3D acquisition geometry analysis13 October 2015 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 64, No. 3Recent seismic technologies for sub-salt explorationJournal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology, Vol. 79, No. 1References29 April 2012Predicting subsalt dip‐dependent illumination variations using density bubbles with RTM migrationChristof Stork and Dave Diller14 October 2009Acquisition geometry analysis in complex 3D mediaGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 73, No. 5A procedure to analyze optimum orientation to record seismic surveysL. B. Comeaux, Steve Campbell, Aloke Mathur, and Doug Rodenberger6 October 2006Enhanced imaging with seafloor seismic compared to towed streamerChris Walker, Jim Musse, and Pete Stewart6 October 2006 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2002 Pages: 2478 publication data© 2002 Copyright © 2002 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Steve Campbell, Bill Pramik, and Bill Cafarelli, (2002), "Comparative ray‐based illumination analysis," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 41-44. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817270 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
A knowledge-based expert system for computer-assisted indexing (1989)

A description is given the MedIndEx system, formerly known as the Indexing Aid (expert) system, which is currently under development. The objective of this project is to automate indexing of medical literature as much as possible by assisting indexers in selecting index terms and applying indexing rules, thereby facilitating expert indexing. Conventional thesaurus-based indexing is examined, followed by an explanation of knowledge representation using frames. Computer-assisted indexing with MedIndEx is then examined. The project's status and future plans are indicated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Life-Cycle Properties of Engineering Systems: The Ilities (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Importance of Not Simply “Working”, Quality, Safety, Usability/Operability, Maintainability/Reliability, An Expanding View, How the Ilities Are Related, Flexibility, Resilience, Interoperability, Suggestions for Supplemental Reading
Research on Security Status Recovery in Temporal Role-Based Access Control System (2009)

Role-based access control (RBAC) model is receiving increasing attention as a generalized approach to access control. Temporal RBAC model is an extension on temporal constraint of the RBAC model. The problems of security status recovery with session priority were mainly explained, and the algorithms of choosing the reasonable terminating session set which will restore the system were proposed. The algorithm solves the conflict, to some extent, between efficiency and security caused by which terminating session set is too big. The control ability of this system is improved and the access needs of users with different users are satisfied.
Enhancing the scratch resistance of polycarbonate with poly(ethylene oxide)–silica hybrid coatings (2008)

Abstract Scratch‐resistant coatings for bisphenol‐A polycarbonate sheets were obtained by the sol–gel synthesis of an organic–inorganic hybrid system based on poly(ethylene oxide) and silica. The organic–inorganic hybrids were thermally cured into hard transparent coatings by using conventional and microwave (MW) ovens. Both techniques proved to be equally efficient in promoting the system's crosslinking, as evaluated by 29 Si MAS‐NMR. The MW‐assisted curing, however, was much faster. Photoelasticity analysis showed that MW‐assisted curing causes localized overheating of the samples, inducing a state of residual plane stresses that bring about dimensional instability of the coated material. Instrumented scratch tests for the coated samples revealed an increase of 1 order of magnitude in the minimal load at which a scratch track appears on the sample surface. However, the friction coefficient values for samples with thermally cured coatings were lower than those produced by MW‐assisted curing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 27:117–126, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/adv.20122
A Previously Unknown Oxalyl-CoA Synthetase Is Important for Oxalate Catabolism in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2012)

Oxalate is produced by several catabolic pathways in plants. The best characterized pathway for subsequent oxalate degradation is via oxalate oxidase, but some species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, have no oxalate oxidase activity. Previously, an alternative pathway was proposed in which oxalyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.8) catalyzes the first step, but no gene encoding this function has been found. Here, we identify acyl-activating enzyme3 (AAE3; At3g48990) from Arabidopsis as a gene encoding oxalyl-CoA synthetase. Recombinant AAE3 protein has high activity against oxalate, with K(m) = 149.0 ± 12.7 μM and V(max) = 11.4 ± 1.0 μmol/min/mg protein, but no detectable activity against other organic acids tested. Allelic aae3 mutants lacked oxalyl-CoA synthetase activity and were unable to degrade oxalate into CO(2). Seeds of mutants accumulated oxalate to levels threefold higher than the wild type, resulting in the formation of oxalate crystals. Crystal formation was associated with seed coat defects and substantially reduced germination of mutant seeds. Leaves of mutants were damaged by exogenous oxalate and more susceptible than the wild type to infection by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which produces oxalate as a phytotoxin to aid infection. Our results demonstrate that, in Arabidopsis, oxalyl-CoA synthetase encoded by AAE3 is required for oxalate degradation, for normal seed development, and for defense against an oxalate-producing fungal pathogen.
Development of a high-power, water-cooled beryllium target for the production of neutrons in a high-current tandem accelerator (1997)

A water-cooled beryllium target, capable of handling intense ion beams with power densities near 6 kw/cm2 is being developed and tested in conjunction with the high current tandem accelerator at MIT’s Laboratory for Accelerator Beam Applications (LABA). This target will be used to generate a high flux of neutrons via either the 9Be(p,n) or 9Be(d,n) reaction for use in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Water cooling is provided by submerged jet flow impinging on the back surface of the target. Initial testing under low coolant flow rates indicates that the target temperature rise is linearly dependent on flow rate up to the point of critical heat flux. The critical heat flux is dependent on coolant velocity, nozzle diameter, and nozzle to target spacing. Design calculations will be compared with experimental measurements of target performance.
Interferometric measurements of minimum dispersion spectra in short lengths of single-mode fibre (1982)

A Mach-Zehnder fibre interferometer and a fibre Raman laser are used to measure modal group delays with subpicosecond resolution. Chromatic dispersion spectra, in several metres of fibre, are obtained within the 1.06–1.62 μm wavelength region.
Über die Reduktion des Tetrazoliumchlorids in der Pflanzenzelle und über den Einfluß des Salzes auf Stoffwechsel und Wachstum (1953)

Der Dehydrasenhemmstoff Monojodacetat verhindert auch in physiologischen Konzentrationen die Reduktion des Triphenyl-Tetrazoliumchlorids (TTC) durch die Pflanzenzelle. Die Leeratmung von Chlorella pyrenoidosa erleidet durch TTC nach anfänglicher Förderung eine Schwächung, die nach Glucosezusatz besonders deutlich wird. Die Glucoseatmung wird sofort gehemmt. Die Assimilationsintensität von Chlorella wird durch TTC ebenfalls stark herabgesetzt. Das Wachstum isolierter, formazangefärbter Maisembryonen und -wurzeln ist zwar verlangsamt, aber meist nicht völlig sistiert. Bei der Streckung der Wurzel wird das Spitzenmeristem farblos. Das Formazan erscheint in der von Fett- und Öltropfen freien Pflanzenzelle zunächst in den Mikrosomen, dann in den Chloroplasten, soweit vorhanden, und bildet schließlich Kristalle im Cytoplasma; sichtbare Lipoidteilchen speichern das Formazan bevorzugt.
Novel Hydrogel Actuator Inspired by Reversible Mussel Adhesive Protein Chemistry (2014)

A novel hydrogel actuator that combines ionoprinting techniques with reversible catechol-metal ion coordination chemistry found in mussel adhesive proteins is developed. Deposited metal ions increase the local crosslinking density, which induces sharp bending of the hydrogel. Reversibly bound metal ions can be removed and reintroduced in a different pattern so that the hydrogel can be reprogrammed to transform into a different 3-dimentional shape.
Alterations of histone modifications by cobalt compounds (2009)

In the present study, we examined the effects of CoCl(2) on multiple histone modifications at the global level. We found that in both human lung carcinoma A549 cells and human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells, exposure to CoCl(2) (>/=200 muM) for 24 h increased H3K4me3, H3K9me2, H3K9me3, H3K27me3, H3K36me3, uH2A and uH2B but decreased acetylation at histone H4 (AcH4). Further investigation demonstrated that in A549 cells, the increase in H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 by cobalt ions exposure was probably through enhancing histone methylation processes, as methionine-deficient medium blocked the induction of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 by cobalt ions, whereas cobalt ions increased H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 by directly inhibiting JMJD2A demethylase activity in vitro, which was probably due to the competition of cobalt ions with iron for binding to the active site of JMJD2A. Furthermore, in vitro ubiquitination and deubiquitination assays revealed that the cobalt-induced histone H2A and H2B ubiquitination is the result of inhibition of deubiquitinating enzyme activity. Microarray data showed that exposed to 200 microM of CoCl(2) for 24 h, A549 cells not only increased but also decreased expression of hundreds of genes involved in different cellular functions, including tumorigenesis. This study is the first to demonstrate that cobalt ions altered epigenetic homeostasis in cells. It also sheds light on the possible mechanisms involved in cobalt-induced alteration of histone modifications, which may lead to altered programs of gene expression and carcinogenesis since cobalt at higher concentrations is a known carcinogen.
Developing Ion Electroadsorption Stereoselectivity, by Pore Size Adjustment with Chemical Vapor Deposition onto Active Carbon Fiber Electrodes. Case of Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> Separation in Water Capacitive Desalination (2008)

By using carbon chemical vapor deposition (CVD) onto active porous carbon fibers, we were able to reduce the pore size of the active carbon to obtain selective carbon molecular sieves (CMS) of variable properties. The pore size of these carbons was characterized by the adsorption of molecules of different dimensions (molecular probe adsorption) from the gas phase. By manipulating the several experimental parameters of the CVD process, the pore size of the CMS could be finely tuned to fall between sizes of alkaline earth cations (Ca2+; Mg2+, 6−7 Å in diameter), and the much smaller size of hydrated monovalent cations (4 Å in diameter). This was proven by voltammetric measurements of the pore-tailored carbon electrodes in the corresponding salt solutions, which also provided a measure of the differential capacity of the electrical double layer (EDL) vs the potential (e.g., at potentials negative to the potential of the zero charge, the EDL capacity was very small for CaCl2 and MgCl2 solutions, while it was high for NaCl solutions). The CVD process applied herein did not significantly reduce the specific surface area and the pore volume of the carbons. This implies that the carbon deposits are only superficial and that the pore blocking effect takes place only at the pore mouth. Hence, the adsorption processes related to these carbons involve surface barrier mechanisms. The importance of the selectivity thus obtained relates to a possible use of these carbon electrodes in electrochemical water desalination processes. By using these carbons as electrodes in capacitive water deionization processes, it is possible to selectively remove Na+ cations, leaving Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions (which are important nutrients) in the treated water.