gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of hydrolyzed aluminum chloride solutions. 1. Nature of aluminum species and composition of aqueous solutions (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of hydrolyzed aluminum chloride solutions. 1. Nature of aluminum species and composition of aqueous solutionsJ. Y. Bottero, J. M. Cases, F. Fiessinger, and J. E. PoirierCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1980, 84, 22, 2933–2939Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100459a021https://doi.org/10.1021/j100459a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1380Altmetric-Citations377LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Spectroscopic and calorimetric investigation on the DNA triplex formed by d(CTCTTCTTTCTTTTCTTTCTTCTC) and d(GAGAAGAAAGA) at acidic pH (1990)

The equimolar mixture of d(CTCTTCTTTCTTTTCTTTCTTCTC) (dY24) and d(GAGAAGAAAGA) (dR11) [designated (dY24).(dR11)], forms at pH = 5 a DNA triplex, which mimicks the H-DNA structure. The DNA triplex was identified by the following criteria: (i) dY24 and dR11 co-migrate in a poly-acrylamide gel, with a mobility and a retardation coefficient comparable to those observed for an 11-triad DNA triplex, previously characterized in our laboratories (1); (ii) the intercalator ethidium bromide shows a poor affinity for (dR11).(dY24) at pH = 5, and a high affinity at pH = 8; (iii) the (dR11).(dY24) mixture is not a substrate for DNase I at pH = 5; (iv) the CD spectrum of (dR11).(dY24), at pH = 5, is consistent with those previously reported for triple-stranded DNA. The (dR11).(dY24) mixture exhibits a thermally induced co-operative transition, which appears to be monophasic, reversible and concentration dependent. This transition is attributed to the disruption of the DNA triplex into single strands. The enthalpy change of the triplex-coil transition was measured by DSC (delta Hcal = 129 +/- 6 kcal/mol) and, assuming a two-state model, by analysis of UV-denaturation curves (average of two methods delta HUV = 137 +/- 13 kcal/mol). Subtracting from delta Hcal of triplex formation the contributions due to the Watson-Crick helix and to the protonation of the C-residues, we found that each pyrimidine binding into the major groove of the duplex, through a Hoogsteen base pair, is accompanied by an average delta H = -5.8 +/- 0.6 kcal/mol. The effect on the stability of the (dR11).(dY24) triplex due to the substitution of a T:A:T triad with a T:T:T one was also investigated.
Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals (2014)

Heavy metal toxicity has proven to be a major threat and there are several health risks associated with it. The toxic effects of these metals, even though they do not have any biological role, remain present in some or the other form harmful for the human body and its proper functioning. They sometimes act as a pseudo element of the body while at certain times they may even interfere with metabolic processes. Few metals, such as aluminium, can be removed through elimination activities, while some metals get accumulated in the body and food chain, exhibiting a chronic nature. Various public health measures have been undertaken to control, prevent and treat metal toxicity occurring at various levels, such as occupational exposure, accidents and environmental factors. Metal toxicity depends upon the absorbed dose, the route of exposure and duration of exposure, i.e. acute or chronic. This can lead to various disorders and can also result in excessive damage due to oxidative stress induced by free radical formation. This review gives details about some heavy metals and their toxicity mechanisms, along with their health effects.
Stereocontrolled OH Protection: Asymmetric Tetrahydrofuranylation (2002)

Abstract (ON+)(Salen)ruthenium(II) complex 1 was found to be an effective catalyst for asymmetric tetrahydrofuranylation of alcohols. The tetrahydrofuranylation of optically active alcohols was also successfully performed in a highly diastereoselective manner by taking advantage of double diastereodifferentiation.
Temporal and contextual orchestration of cardiac fate by WNT‐BMP synergy and threshold (2009)

Cardiomyogenic development proceeds with a cascade of intricate signalling events that operate in a temporo-spatial fashion to specify cardiac cell fate during early embryogenesis. In fact, conflicting reports exist regarding the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling during cardiomyogenesis. Here, we describe a dose-dependent and temporal effect of Wnt/β-catenin signalling on in vitro cardiomyogenesis using embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as a model system. We could demonstrate that canonical Wnt activation during early stage of differentiation either through ligand or by GSK3β inhibition helped in maintaining Oct4 and Nanog expressions, and in parallel, it promoted mesoderm and endoderm inductions. In contrast, it led to attenuation in cardiomyogenesis that was reversed by moderate concentration of DKK1, but not soluble Fz8. However, higher DKK1 could also block cardiomyogenesis, suggesting thereby governance of a particular signalling threshold underlying this developmental event. Interestingly, Wnt signalling activation at early stage modulated BMP4 expression in a stage-specific manner. Wnt activation, synchronized with BMP4 and brachyury up-regulation at early stage, correlated well with mesoderm induction. Conversely, Wnt activation led to BMP4 and Wnt5a down-regulation at late stage culminating in cardiomyogenic attenuation. Our findings suggested the existence of precise regulatory machinery with context-dependent role of Wnt for fine tuning mesoderm induction and its derivatives, through establishment of Wnt gradient during ESCs' differentiation. Moreover, contrary to mere activation/inhibition, a specific threshold of Wnt and BMP and their synergy seemed necessary for providing the guiding cues in orchestrating mesoderm induction and subsequent cardiomyogenesis.
Pathogenesis of central and complex sleep apnoea (2016)

Central sleep apnoea (CSA) - the temporary absence or diminution of ventilatory effort during sleep - is seen in a variety of forms including periodic breathing in infancy and healthy adults at altitude and Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure. In most circumstances, the cyclic absence of effort is paradoxically a consequence of hypersensitive ventilatory chemoreflex responses to oppose changes in airflow, that is elevated loop gain, leading to overshoot/undershoot ventilatory oscillations. Considerable evidence illustrates overlap between CSA and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), including elevated loop gain in patients with OSA and the presence of pharyngeal narrowing during central apnoeas. Indeed, treatment of OSA, whether via continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), tracheostomy or oral appliances, can reveal CSA, an occurrence referred to as complex sleep apnoea. Factors influencing loop gain include increased chemosensitivity (increased controller gain), reduced damping of blood gas levels (increased plant gain) and increased lung to chemoreceptor circulatory delay. Sleep-wake transitions and pharyngeal dilator muscle responses effectively raise the controller gain and therefore also contribute to total loop gain and overall instability. In some circumstances, for example apnoea of infancy and central congenital hypoventilation syndrome, central apnoeas are the consequence of ventilatory depression and defective ventilatory responses, that is low loop gain. The efficacy of available treatments for CSA can be explained in terms of their effects on loop gain, for example CPAP improves lung volume (plant gain), stimulants reduce the alveolar-inspired PCO<sub>2</sub> difference and supplemental oxygen lowers chemosensitivity. Understanding the magnitude of loop gain and the mechanisms contributing to instability may facilitate personalized interventions for CSA.
Detection of gastrointestinal tract events from multichannel intraluminal impedance measurements. (2001)

Investigation of Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) using multichannel intraluminal impedance technique (MII) is presented. The MII traces have large variations which correspond to the occurrence of certain activity that causes the impedance to change. A technique to detect the tract events from MII data is developed using wavelet transform. The resulting transformed signals are used to detect the occurrence of GIT events and to classify the events as swallow, reflux, or gas reflux. The technique is also used in estimating reflux event duration and the bolus velocity.
TARC and MDC are produced by CD40 activated human B cells and are elevated in the sera of infantile atopic dermatitis patients. (2003)

We report here that human B cells produce thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) if stimulated with anti-CD40 and IL-4. The production was determined by both protein and mRNA level using specific ELISA and semi-quantitative RT-PCR methods. Since the ligand of the TARC and MDC is CCR4, which is specifically expressed on Th2 type T cells, the production of these CC chemokines is likely to play important roles in the T cell and B cell interaction. Consistent with this, ovalbumin (OVA) specific IgE levels, which reflect the T-B cell interaction, are significantly correlated with the amounts of TARC and MDC in sera. Furthermore, we found that TARC and MDC levels are significantly increased in the sera obtained from patients with atopic dermatitis, and that the amounts are correlated with the severity of atopic dermatitis. Since CD40 ligand and IL-4 are produced by activated T helper cells, these results indicate that TARC and MDC produced by B cells play important roles in the production of antigen specific IgE by the T-B cell interaction and in the pathogenesis of allergic disease.
Dry Synthesis of Lithium Intercalated Graphite Powder and Fiber (2014)

Herein we describe the direct synthesis of lithium intercalated graphite by heating under vacuum or ball milling under pressurized Ar(g). Both methods allow for stoichometric control of Li-C ratio in battery-grade graphites and carbon fibers prior to formation of a solid electrolyte interphase. The products' surface chemistries, as probed by XPS, suggest that LiC6 are extremely reactive with trace amounts of moisture or oxygen. The open circuit potential and SEM data show that the reactivity of the lithiated battery-grade graphite and the carbon fiber can be related to the density of edge/defect sites on the surfaces. Preliminary results of spontaneous delithiation of Li-graphite in electrolyte are also given.
An unexpected way forward: towards a more accurate and rigorous protein-protein binding affinity scoring function by eliminating terms from an already simple scoring function (2016)

A fundamental and unsolved problem in biophysical chemistry is the development of a computationally simple, physically intuitive, and generally applicable method for accurately predicting and physically explaining protein-protein binding affinities from protein-protein interaction (PPI) complex coordinates. Here, we propose that the simplification of a previously described six-term PPI scoring function to a four term function results in a simple expression of all physically and statistically meaningful terms that can be used to accurately predict and explain binding affinities for a well-defined subset of PPIs that are characterized by (1) crystallographic coordinates, (2) rigid-body association, (3) normal interface size, and hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, and (4) high quality experimental binding affinity measurements. We further propose that the four-term scoring function could be regarded as a core expression for future development into a more general PPI scoring function. Our work has clear implications for PPI modeling and structure-based drug design.
Three-Dimensional Nonisothermal Simulation of Multi-Layer Extrusion Processes of Polymer Melts (2006)

The three-dimensional, nonisothermal, generalized Newtonian polymeric fluid flow (LPDE/PS) in coextrusion dies was simulated using the finite element method with evolutionary technique. Simulation results, especially the interface predictions, velocity profiles, and temperature profiles were discussed. The simulated interface shape was compared with that obtained by the previous researchers, and the simulated results were confirmed. The effects of fluids' temperature and flow rate ratio on the interface of LDPE/PS are further examined. Increasing temperature of more viscous fluid (PS) can influence the interface location. It is also found that the flow rate affects the shape and location of the interface notably. The velocity of fluid flow mainly controls the shape and location of the interface.
Binary transgenic mouse model for studying the trans control of globin gene switching: Evidence that GATA-1 is an <i>in vivo</i> repressor of human ɛ gene expression (1997)

To test whether human GATA-1 (hGATA-1) is involved in the transcriptional control of globin gene switching, we produced transgenic mice overexpressing hGATA-1, crossed them with mice carrying a human beta-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (beta YAC), and analyzed globin gene expression in their progeny. Mice carrying both the hGATA-1 and the beta YAC transgenes had normal levels of gamma- and beta-globin mRNA and no distortion in the rate or in the timing of gamma-to-beta switch, indicating that hGATA-1 is not involved in the developmental control of gamma- and beta-globin genes. In contrast, mice carrying the hGATA-1 and the beta YAC transgenes had 5- to 6-fold lower expression of the human epsilon globin gene compared with beta YAC mice lacking the hGATA-1 transgene. These results provide direct in vivo evidence that hGATA-1 is a specific repressor of human epsilon gene expression. Our findings also suggest that binary transgenic mouse systems based on overexpression of transcriptional factors can be used to investigate the trans control of human globin gene switching. Systems as the one we describe here should be useful in the study of any developmentally controlled human gene for which transgenic mice are available.
Health Belief Models (2002)

Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Authors desiring to contribute to “Cultural Perspectives” should forward submissions to Dawn Morton-Rias, PD, PA-C, Assistant Professor and Chairperson, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Physician Assistant Program, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 1222, Brooklyn, NY 11203. Telephone: 718-270-7709; Fax: 718-270-7459; E-mail: [email protected].
flujos de efectivo en una economía monástica. Estudio del Arca de la Comunidad del Monasterio de Santa María la Real de Oseira (1614-1698) (2017)

En la línea de las recientes investigaciones desarrolladas sobre las instituciones monacales en España, este trabajo pretende reconstruir el origen y aplicación de los flujos de efectivo que genera la actividad económica del Monasterio de Santa María la Real de Oseira (Ourense, España) a lo largo del siglo XVII, a partir de las anotaciones de carácter monetario que figuran en el libro de estados de esta abadía. La información periódica que proporciona esta serie documental describe la composición y cuantía del Arca de la Comunidad, lo que permite extraer conclusiones no sólo de la liquidez que generan estas instituciones religiosas, sino también de las diferentes monedas utilizadas por los monjes para paliar las frecuentes alteraciones coactivas de su valor que asolaron la economía castellana en esta centuria. Así, en este trabajo, se realiza un análisis de la evolución del alcance de moneda y de su preceptivo desglose en efectivo disponible, expresado en la moneda corriente de uso interno, y efectivo depositado en concepto de la Media Anata, valorado y expresado en la moneda en que debía efectuarse el pago de este tributo a Roma, completando una visión histórica de la situación económica de este monasterio desde la perspectiva financiera que se deriva de sus flujos de efectivo.Este artículo concluye con algunas reflexiones y un resumen de los resultados. Estos resultados nos muestran la idoneidad de la información financiera que suministra el libro de estados en función de los objetivos que presentaba el acto al que iba destinado -Capítulo General- y las decisiones que en él se tomaban. Así, el estudio prueba la vinculación entre el libro de estados y las obligaciones contributivas de la Congregación, facilitando la función de control sobre la gestión de la Media Anata en las abadías y la asignación de los repartimentos.
Ultrasensitive Near-IR Fluorescence Detection for Capillary Gel Electrophoresis and DNA Sequencing Applications (1995)

Electropherograms of oligonucleotides labeled with near-IR fluorescent dyes, separated by capillary gel electrophoresis and detected using an ultrasensitive near-IR fluorescence detection system, are presented. A universal M13 sequencing primer was labeled on the 5' end with a near-IR dye containing an isothiocyanate functional group. Comparison of the on-column detection limits in capillary gel electrophoresis for the near-IR dye-labeled sequencing primer to those obtained for a visible fluorescein-labeled primer indicated improved sensitivity for the near-IR case. The detection limit was found to be 3.4 x 10(-20) mol (SNR = 3) for the near-IR dye-labeled primer, while the on-column detection limit for the fluorescein analog was 1.5 x 10(-18) mol (SNR = 3). The sequence of nucleotide bases in an M13mp18 template was determined using a single lane, single dye technique. The molar concentrations of the ddNTPs used during chain extension reactions were varied to achieve a ratio of 4:2:1:0 (A:C:G:T), which allowed the identification of each terminal base via fluorescence intensity measurements. Sequencing ladders were prepared from the M13mp18 template using standard Sanger dideoxy chain-terminating techniques, the modified T7 DNA polymerase, and the near-IR dye-labeled M13 universal primer. The data indicated reliable sequence determination by the 4:2:1:0 (A:C:G:T) peak height identification method up to 250 bases from the annealing site. Comparison of the known sequence of the M13mp18 plasmid to that obtained using this protocol yielded a base-calling accuracy of 84% for the 4:2:1:0 ratio.
PCL-a language for modelling system architecture (1994)

There exist a number of CASE tools to support software re-engineering in several different languages. These tools automatically or semi-automatically analyse a system's structure and re-structure that system into a more coherent form. However, the recovered structure is a control structure at a fine-level of detail. It is not possible to recover a more abstract architectural structure by source code processing. By architectural structure, we mean a more abstract model showing the principal sub-systems and modules making up the system, their interfaces, their composition relationships and other relevant inter-module relationships such as data flows. We argue that the discovery of this architectural structure is a critical part of the re-engineering process. We have developed a language, called PCL (Proteus Configuration Language), which is specifically intended for the architectural modelling of systems at an abstract level. The language allows the construction of hardware, software and documentation models and provides relationship definition facilities which can link these models. The systems described may be centralised or distributed, homogeneous or heterogeneous. PCL addresses the problem of architectural variability so that the architectural descriptions of different system versions may be combined into a single model. >
Flurbiprofen in human crevicular fluid analyzed by highperformance liquid chromatography (1990)

The aim of this study was to determine whether the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, flurbiprofen, which has been shown to be an inhibitor of alveolar bone loss in human periodontal disease, is present in human crevicular fluid (CF) following oral dosing. A method is described whereby routine high-performance liquid chromatography is used to detect the drug in only 20 microliters of CF. 5 volunteers abstained from toothbrushing for 21 days to induce experimental gingivitis and increase the resting flow of CF. 100 mg of flurbiprofen was taken by each volunteer on d 21-28. On d 21 and 28, serum and CF samples were taken prior to dosing and afterwards at 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours. On d 21 the mean peak concentration of the drug in serum was about 11 micrograms/ml and was found between 1-2 h after dosing. The respective values for CF (d 21) were 0.32 micrograms/ml and 4 h. On d 28 flurbiprofen was detected in both fluids prior to dosing. The mean peak concentrations after dosing had increased to 13.13 micrograms/ml (serum) and 0.46 micrograms/ml (CF) although the levels of the drug in CF remained relatively constant throughout the observation period on d 28. The results indicate that flurbiprofen may be detected in human CF after oral administration and that the levels are in excess of the plasma level, which in beagles has been shown to inhibit alveolar bone loss in periodontal disease.
High photocurrent gain in SnO2 nanowires (2008)

Huge photocurrent gains with a value of 10 000 detected in air and 100 000 detected in vacuum have been obtained from SnO2 nanowires. Unlike previous reports that emphasized on carrier trapping by charge oxygen molecules in metal oxide nanostructures, we point out that spatial separation of photoexcited electrons and holes due to built-in electric field induced by surface charge defects does plays a significant role especially for nanostructured materials with a large surface-to-volume ratio. The study shown here provides a useful guideline to achieve photodetectors based on nanostructured materials with high sensitivity.