gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Segmentation of Planar and Linear Features of Terrestrial Laser Scanner Point Clouds Acquired from Construction Sites (2018)

Automated segmentation of planar and linear features of point clouds acquired from construction sites is essential for the automatic extraction of building construction elements such as columns, beams and slabs. However, many planar and linear segmentation methods use scene-dependent similarity thresholds that may not provide generalizable solutions for all environments. In addition, outliers exist in construction site point clouds due to data artefacts caused by moving objects, occlusions and dust. To address these concerns, a novel method for robust classification and segmentation of planar and linear features is proposed. First, coplanar and collinear points are classified through a robust principal components analysis procedure. The classified points are then grouped using a new robust clustering method, the robust complete linkage method. A robust method is also proposed to extract the points of flat-slab floors and/or ceilings independent of the aforementioned stages to improve computational efficiency. The applicability of the proposed method is evaluated in eight datasets acquired from a complex laboratory environment and two construction sites at the University of Calgary. The precision, recall, and accuracy of the segmentation at both construction sites were 96.8%, 97.7% and 95%, respectively. These results demonstrate the suitability of the proposed method for robust segmentation of planar and linear features of contaminated datasets, such as those collected from construction sites.
Identification of Marek’s disease virus genes associated with virulence of US strains (2019)

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is the most well-cited example of vaccine-driven virulence evolution. MDV induces a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, which is currently controlled by widespread vaccination of flocks. Unfortunately, Marek's disease (MD) vaccines, while effective in preventing tumours, do not prevent viral replication and mutation, which has been hypothesized as the major driving force for increased MDV virulence of field strains during the past 40 years in US commercial flocks. To limit future virulence increases, there is interest in characterizing MDV strain genomes collected over the years and associating genetic variations with variation in virulence. In this study, we characterized 70 MDV genomes with known virulence by complete or targeted DNA sequencing, and identified genetic variants that showed association with virulence. Our results revealed a number of MDV genes as would be expected for a complex trait. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed a clear separation of strains that varied by virulence. Interestingly, high virulence isolates from the same farms persisted over years despite eradication attempts, which has implications on control efforts. Given the growing ability to bioengineer the MDV genome, it should be feasible to experimentally test whether these individual variants influence virulence markers alone or combinations. Once validated, these markers may provide an alternative to live bird testing for evaluating virulence of new MDV field strains.
General Motors Increases Its Production Throughput (2006)

In the late 1980s, General Motors Corporation (GM) initiated a long-term project to predict and improve the throughput performance of its production lines to increase productivity throughout its manufacturing operations and provide GM with a strategic competitive advantage. GM quantified throughput performance and focused improvement efforts in the design and operations of its manufacturing systems through coordinated activities in three areas: (1) it developed algorithms for estimating throughput performance, identifying bottlenecks, and optimizing buffer allocation, (2) it installed real-time plant-floor data-collection systems to support the algorithms, and (3) it established common processes for identifying opportunities and implementing performance improvements. Through these activities, GM has increased revenue and saved over $2.1 billion in over 30 vehicle plants and 10 countries.
The <i>trans</i> Golgi Network: Sorting at the Exit Site of the Golgi Complex (1986)

The Golgi complex is a series of membrane compartments through which proteins destined for the plasma membrane, secretory vesicles, and lysosomes move sequentially. A model is proposed whereby these three different classes of proteins are sorted into different vesicles in the last Golgi compartment, the trans Golgi network. This compartment corresponds to a tubular reticulum on the trans side of the Golgi stack, previously called Golgi endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes (GERL).
Bone abnormalities in latent TGF-β binding protein (Ltbp)-3–null mice indicate a role for Ltbp-3 in modulating TGF-β bioavailability (2002)

The TGF-betas are multifunctional proteins whose activities are believed to be controlled by interaction with the latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs). In spite of substantial effort, the precise in vivo significance of this interaction remains unknown. To examine the role of the Ltbp-3, we made an Ltbp-3-null mutation in the mouse by gene targeting. Homozygous mutant animals develop cranio-facial malformations by day 10. At 2 mo, there is a pronounced rounding of the cranial vault, extension of the mandible beyond the maxilla, and kyphosis. Histological examination of the skulls from null animals revealed ossification of the synchondroses within 2 wk of birth, in contrast to the wild-type synchondroses, which never ossify. Between 6 and 9 mo of age, mutant animals also develop osteosclerosis and osteoarthritis. The pathological changes of the Ltbp-3-null mice are consistent with perturbed TGF-beta signaling in the skull and long bones. These observations give support to the notion that LTBP-3 is important for the control of TGF-beta action. Moreover, the results provide the first in vivo indication for a role of LTBP in modulating TGF-beta bioavailability.
Subband coding of images using vector quantization (1988)

A novel two-dimensional subband coding technique is presented that can be applied to images as well as speech. A frequency-band decomposition of the image is carried out by means of 2D separable quadrature mirror filters, which split the image spectrum into 16 equal-rate subbands. These 16 parallel subband signals are regarded as a 16-dimensional vector source and coded as such using vector quantization. In the asymptotic case of high bit rates, a theoretical analysis yields that a lower bound to the gain is attainable by choosing this approach over scalar quantization of each subband with an optimal bit allocation. It is shown that vector quantization in this scheme has several advantages over coding the subbands separately. Experimental results are given, and it is shown the scheme has a performance that is comparable to that of more complex coding techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Implementing a genetic algorithm on a parallel custom computing machine (2002)

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are a currently popular method for nonlinear optimization that can be used to provide a solution for the chip partitioning problem. Unfortunately, GAs usually require prohibitively large computation times on current workstations. This paper demonstrates the utility of the Armstrong III architecture by addressing the computational problems associated with partitioning large designs using GAs. An example GA is presented for chip partitioning that runs on Armstrong III. GA computation bottlenecks are identified and hardware implementation strategies are discussed. Results are presented that show the Armstrong III architecture can be adapted to execute a GA in significantly less time than current workstations.
Competing Explanations of Global Evils : Theodicy, Social Sciences, and Conspiracy Theories (2011)

When global tragedies occur (pandemics, economic crisis, global warming, terrorism, etc), people will turn to three basic forms of explanations. Some will turn to their priest for a theodicy account of the event, others will turn to the sciences for a rational, secular account, natural sciences in the case of natural disasters, and in the case of human- made evils, the social sciences. Yet others will turn to conspiracy theories to explain both natural and human evils—conspiracy theories that, like science, claim to be rational and secular. In short, religion, science and conspiracy theories are based on competing socially legitimate frames of global evils, they share common ground: conspiracy theory and science are both secular and appeal to reason and common sense knowledge, conversely conspiracy theories appeal to notions of faith and belief that pair them with forms of religious explanations. The strength of many conspiracy theories stem not from their fringe and anti-mainstream character, but from precisely those aspects of their narrative that appeal to established and legitimate forms of explanations of events. In short, conspiracy theories' narratives share a common secular rational frame with narratives put forth by social scientific narratives of those same events. This paper will describe how explanations based on different frames compete in order to become the legitimate narrators of global evil in society.
Approaches to Learning (2009)

This chapter provides an overview of key aspects of the approaches to learning theory. It focuses on the deep/surface dichotomy which forms the focal point of the approaches to learning theory. The chapter reviews studies that use an interpretivist methodology. It shows that the approaches to learning theory represented a significant shift in orientation for student learning researchers, particularly in moving away from an exclusive focus on individual characteristics and incorporating a focus on educational context. The Origins of Approaches to Learning Starting in the late 1960s, the experiences and voices of university students took on new levels of prominence in public life, and it is therefore not surprising that this era also saw new developments in research on student learning. Approaches to learning theory have been surprisingly insulated from these perspectives, which have had a profound impact on the broader field of educational scholarship.
Microstructure and strain relaxation of epitaxial PrScO3 thin films grown on (001) SrTiO3 substrates (2007)

We have studied the microstructure and strain relaxation of epitaxial PrScO3 films grown on miscut (001) SrTiO3 substrates by transmission electron microscopy. PrScO3 films grown on highly miscut (&gt;1°) SrTiO3 substrates are single domain films, fully strain relaxed via interfacial misfit dislocations, small angle tilt boundaries, and antiphase boundaries bounded by partial dislocation. In contrast, strain in PrScO3 films on low miscut (&lt;0.2°) SrTiO3 substrates is relaxed by misfit dislocation as well as the formation of six different crystallographic domains. The formation of single domain PrScO3 films on high angle miscut substrates could be due to interfacial strain-energy minimization.
Enzymatic production of D-(-)-pantoyl lactone from ketopantoyl lactone. (1987)

The efficient enzymatic conversion of ketopantoyl lactone to D-(-)-pantoyl lactone was found to take place on incubation with washed cells of Candida parapsilosis IFO 0708 or Rhodotorula minuta IFO 0920. They showed high conversion activity when grown with 5% corn steep liquor and 5% glucose, sucrose, maltose or glycerol. Under suitable reaction conditions, the amounts of D-(-)-pantoyl lactone reached 49.5 g/l (94.4% e.e.; molar yield, 99%) and 89.9 g/l (80.4% e.e.; molar yield, 99%) with cells of R. minuta and C. parapsilosis, respectively.
Review. La Concorde du Genre humain, ed. par P. Jodogne. Lemaire de Belges, J. (1966)

REVIEWS Get access JEAN LEMAIRE DE BELGES: La Concorde du Genre humain. Éditée PIERRE par JODOGNE. (Académie Royale de Belgique, Classe des Lettres et des Sciences Morales et Politiques, Collection des Anciens Auteurs Belges, Nouvelle Série, N 5). Brussels: Palais des Académies. 1964. 149 pp. KATHLEEN M. HALL KATHLEEN M. HALL SOUTHAMPTON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XX, Issue 1, January 1966, Pages 55–56, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XX.1.55 Published: 01 January 1966
Reconstruction of Spectral Transmission of Colored Solutions Using a Conventional Digital Camera (2010)

In this study, the red-green-blue (RGB) color values of colored solutions captured from a digital camera are employed for reconstruction of spectral transmission of the transparent solutions. A capturing box is assembled and a spectral data set gathered from colored solutions prepared for this purpose. Principal component analysis (PCA), pseudoinverse, and matrix R methods are employed to reconstruct the spectral transmission of clear solutions from their RGB data. Two different illuminants are employed to achieve two sets of RGB data. According to the results, the PCA method led to inadequate accuracy when a set of RGB data and three eigenvectors are used, while results are improved by using first six basis functions. On the other hand, pseudoinverse leads to the worse results in comparison with PCA by using the first six basis functions. However, the results obtained from matrix R method shows considerable improvement in terms of the root mean square error between the actual and reconstructed spectral transmission curves. In fact, matrix R method diminishes the spectral errors in the two ends of spectrum in relation to other methods.
A stretchable and wearable printed sensor for human body motion monitoring (2015)

A stretchable and wearable sensor was successfully screen printed for monitoring human motions. The sensor was fabricated by printing carbon nanotube (CNT) ink on a water-soluble polymer based polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) substrate. The printed sensor was transferred onto the bicep and water was used to dissolve the sacrificial PVA layer. The sensor was subjected to flexion and extension movements of the elbow to observe the capability of the sensor for monitoring body movement. The average resistance of the sensor increased by approximately 10 % for multiple flexion movements. In addition, for extension movements, a 2 % increase was observed in the base resistance, after 10 cycles. The response of the stretchable and wearable printed sensor is analyzed and presented in this paper.
Does Bridging Geometry Influence Interfacial Electron Transfer Dynamics? Case of the Enediol-TiO<sub>2</sub> System (2011)

We have employed femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in enediol-TiO2 systems (catechol, resorcinol, and quinol) to understand localized vs delocalized interfacial electron transfer dynamics in dye-nanoparticle systems. Optical absorption studies confirmed the formation of a charge transfer (CT) complex between the enediols and TiO2 nanoparticles. CT interaction between enediols and TiO2 was found to be decreased from catechol to resorcinol to quinol. The decrease in interaction strength from catechol to quinol was explained on the basis of a reduced overlap between the HOMO localized on the enediol and the conduction band of TiO2. Femtosecond transient absorption studies confirmed an ultrafast electron injection (<50 fs) into the conduction band of TiO2 in all enediol-TiO2 systems. Interestingly back electron transfer (BET), which follows multiexponential dynamics, is faster in the catechol-TiO2 system as compared to the other two enediol-TiO2 systems. As we increase the distance between the bridging ligand from catechol to quinol, we find that decay time increases proving the influence of bridging distance between enediols and TiO2. Our theoretical studies indicate an increase in the delocalization of the injected electron over several Ti atoms as the distance between the bridge linkers increases. Analysis of BET results in the framework of the Marcus theory indicated a significant influence of electronic coupling on BET in the enediol-TiO2 systems.
Data partitioning for single-round multi-join evaluation in massively parallel systems (2016)

A dominant cost for query evaluation in modern massively distributed systems is the number of communication rounds. For this reason, there is a growing interest in single-round multiway join algorithms where data is first reshuffled over many servers and then evaluated in a parallel but communication- free way. The reshuffling itself is specified as a distribution policy. We introduce a correctness condition, called parallel-correctness, for the evaluation of queries w.r.t. a distribution policy. We provide a semantical characterization for when conjunctive queries (and extensions thereof) are parallel-correct and give matching complexity bounds for the associated decision problem. Motivated by scenarios for workload optimization, we further consider the problem of parallel-correctness transfer from a query Q to a query Q0, that is, whether Q0 is parallelcorrect for all distribution policies for which Q is parallelcorrect. In this case, Q0 can always be evaluated after Q without repartitioning the data. We provide a semantical characterization for parallel-correctness transfer and provide matching complexity bounds for the associated decision problem for conjunctive queries (and extensions). Finally, we investigate restrictions of queries and families of distribution policies with better complexities, including, for instance, the Hypercube distributions.
Partial discharge pattern classification using fuzzy expert system (2004)

Soundness of electrical insulation plays a vital role in the operation of any high voltage apparatus. The incidence of minor flaws and irregularities such as voids, surface imperfections etc., is inevitable and leads to partial discharges, which are characterized by an electrical breakdown at the localized regions of the electrical insulation. The use of computer aided measurement and processing techniques serve as an aid for recognition of partial discharge patterns. The present trend of using fuzzy logic towards classification of partial discharge patterns for the diagnosis of high voltage insulation system is hence conspicuous and intelligible. In this paper, classification of the PD patterns using fuzzy logic is discussed and explained in detail.
Modeling of aerosol-assisted chemical vapor co-deposition of NiO and carbon nanotubes (1999)

High yield catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes (NT's) at extremely low temperatures (<600 K) could be achieved by co-depositing carbon precursors along with Ni(2+) in aqueous solutions using Aerosol-Assisted CVD. Deposition experiments were carried out by using both concurrent decomposition of Ni-based chemicals and Ni colloids. Raman spectroscopy was used to quantify the relative amount of NT's grown over graphite-like carbon. Microscopy was also employed to confirm the deposition of NT's as well to provide further information on the growth mechanism. Modeling of NT nucleation will also be presented, leading to the understanding of the microscopic mechanism of NT embryo formation.
Streptomycin in Experimental Plague. (1947)

Streptomycin in the amounts of 0.4 to 4.0 μ/cc is bactericidal for different strains of P. pestis in 5 days. Advanced experimental bubonic plague in mice is completely cured with 500 μ/3 hours for 3 days, or a total of 120 mg. Between SO to 90% of the mice in a state of septicemic plague may be saved with a total of 1,200 to 1,600 μg. The remarkable bactericidal action of streptomycin is best demonstrated on experimental pneumonic plague; 5 mg of the antibiotic sterilize lungs and lymph nodes within 100 hours after treatment has been instituted. It is recommended that human plague be treated as soon as diagnosed with 2 to 4 g of streptomycin daily depending on the state of infection.
Sequence and analysis of the rpoN sigma factor gene of rhizobium sp. strain NGR234, a primary coregulator of symbiosis (1990)

We report the nucleotide sequence of the rpoN gene from broad-host-range Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 and analyze the encoded RPON protein, a sigma factor. Comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of RPON from NGR234 with sequences from other gram-negative bacteria identified a perfectly conserved RPON box unique to RPON sigma factors. Symbiotic regulatory phenotypes were defined for a site-directed internal deletion within the coding sequence of the rpoN gene of Rhizobium strain NGR234: they included quantitative nodulation kinetics on Vigna unguiculata and microscopic analysis of the Fix- determinate nodules of V. unguiculata and Macroptilium atropurpureum. RPON was a primary coregulator of nodulation and was implicated in establishment or maintenance of the plant-synthesized peribacteroid membrane. Phenotypes of rpoN in Rhizobium strain NGR234 could be grouped as symbiosis related, rather than simply pleiotropically physiological as in free-living bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas putida.
Development of a Sample Equilibration System for the TEOM Continuous PM Monitor (2000)

In recent years, scientific discussion has included the influence of thermodynamic conditions (e.g., temperature, relative humidity, and filter face velocity) on PM retention efficiency of filter-based samplers and monitors. Method-associated thermodynamic conditions can, in some instances, dramatically influence the presence of particle-bound water and other light-molecular-weight chemical components such as particulate nitrates and certain organic compounds. The measurement of fine particle mass presents a new challenge for all PM measurement methods, since a relatively greater fraction of the mass is semi-volatile. The tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) continuous PM monitor is a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PM10 equivalent method (EQPM-1090079). Several hundred of these monitors are deployed throughout the United States. The TEOM monitor has the unique characteristic of providing direct PM mass measurement without the calibration uncertainty inherent in mass surrogate methods. In addition, it provides high-precision, near-real-time continuous data automatically. Much attention has been given to semi-volatile species retention of the TEOM method.
Design to reduce the cost and to improve the mechanical durability of IPMSM for the traction motor of military truck (2012)

The interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is often used as the traction motor of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) due to its high power density and wide speed range. This paper introduces the 120kW class IPMSM for the traction motor of military truck. This system as SHEV (series hybrid electric vehicle) needs a traction motor which generates high torque. To reduce the cost, the design approach which the reluctance torque would be maximized by varying the dq-axis inductance is introduced. If the model designed by design approach satisfies the desired torque, the magnetic torque can be reduced as much as reluctance torque increases, and consequently the amount of permanent magnets can be reduced. The reduction gear and high speed operation of motor are needed for the miniaturization of motor. Thus, a fairly large centrifugal force is generated due to the high speed operation of motor. This force causes the mechanical interference between the rotor and the stator, and the design approach which adds the iron bridge is explained to solve the interference. The initial model and improved model which reduce the cost and improve the mechanical durability are compared by FEA, and the models are produced. Finally, the FEM results were verified through an experiment.