gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of sirolimus-eluting stents on outcomes of patients treated for acute myocardial infarction by primary angioplasty (2005)

Sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs) are currently being used in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). SESs have not been evaluated in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction by primary angioplasty. We report our initial experience with SESs implanted during primary angioplasty. One hundred and three patients were treated within 12 hr after onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with primary angioplasty and SES implantation. Those patients were compared to 504 patients treated with bare metal stents (BMSs). Angiographic success (TIMI flow grade 3 and residual stenosis < 50%) was completed in 98% of patients with SESs and no subacute stent thrombosis was reported. In-hospital outcomes were similar in the SES and BMS groups. At 6 months, major cardiac events were less frequent in the SES group than in the BMS group (9% vs. 24%, respectively; P < 0.001), driven by a lesser need for repeat revascularization with SESs (1% vs. 10.3% with BMSs; P = 0.014). Mortality at 6 months was 7% with SESs and 11% with BMSs (P = 0.14). SESs are safe and effective for the treatment of AMI by primary angioplasty. As compared to BMSs, SESs improve long-term outcome after AMI, mainly by reducing the need for repeat revascularization.
The potential of adipose‐derived stem cells in craniofacial repair and regeneration (2012)

The recent identification of a mesenchymal stem cell population in adipose tissue has led to an abundance of research focused on the regenerative properties of these cells. As such, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and potential therapies in craniofacial regeneration have been widely studied. This review will discuss the identification and potential of ASCs, and specifically, preclinical and clinical studies using ASCs in craniofacial repair. Studies involving ASCs in the repair of defects caused by craniosynostosis and Treacher Collins syndrome will be discussed. A comprehensive review of the literature will be presented, focusing on fat grafting and biomaterials-based approaches that include ASCs for craniofacial regeneration.
Characterization of the Immunostimulatory Properties of<i>Leishmania infantum</i>HSP70 by Fusion to the<i>Escherichia coli</i>Maltose-Binding Protein in Normal and<i>nu/nu</i>BALB/c Mice (1998)

Leishmania infantum HSP70 has been described as an immunodominant antigen in both humans and dogs suffering from visceral leishmaniasis. In this study, we used L. infantum HSP70 fused to Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein (MBP), as the reporter protein, to analyze the influence of HSP70 on the immunogenicity of MBP in BALB/c mice. Plasmids were constructed to produce the three recombinant proteins used in this study, namely, MBP, L. infantum HSP70, and MBP-HSP70, which consists of MBP fused to the L. infantum HSP70 amino terminus. Immunization of BALB/c mice with the MBP-HSP70 fusion protein elicited humoral and cellular responses against MBP that were higher by an order of magnitude than those elicited by immunization with MBP alone or with a mixture of MBP and HSP70. Covalent linkage of MBP to HSP70 was essential for eliciting a strong anti-MBP immune response. Cytokine secretion and immunoglobulin G isotype analyses indicated that immunization with the MBP-HSP70 fusion protein preferentially induces a Th1 immune response. Immunization of athymic nu/nu mice with the MBP-HSP70 fusion protein unexpectedly gave rise to an anti-MBP humoral response showing features of a T-cell-dependent response. Thus, we present evidence that L. infantum HSP70 demonstrates an adjuvant effect in the immune response against a covalently linked reporter protein.
Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention (2007)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the infectious cause of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and certain lymphoproliferations particularly in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-induced immunosuppression. The introduction of effective therapies to treat HIV has led to a decline in the incidence of KS, suggesting that immune responses may play a role in controlling KSHV infection and pathogenesis. Cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity against KSHV proteins has been demonstrated; however, the identification of KSHV CTL epitopes remains elusive and problematic. Although the herpesvirus genomic layout is generally conserved, KSHV encodes a unique hypervariable protein, K1, with intense biological selection pressure at specific amino acid sites. To investigate whether this variability is partly driven by cellular immunity, we designed K1 peptides that match only the unique viral sequence for every individual studied here (autologous peptides). We identified functional CTL epitopes within K1's most variable areas, and we show that a given individual responds only to autologous peptides and not to peptides from other individuals. Furthermore, these epitopes are highly conserved sequences within KSHV isolates from a specific strain but are not conserved between different strains. We conclude that CTL recognition contributes to K1, and therefore to KSHV, evolution.
Bulk and surface processes in low-energy-electron-induced decomposition of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CaF</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1999)

The irradiation of ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ with low-energy (typically 1 keV) electrons results in a decomposition of the crystal and the formation of metallic clusters on its surface, and in a near-surface layer. In this paper we describe the formation of surface clusters and their typical shapes and transformations they undergo in an ultrahigh-vacuum environment. From the evidence found in a variety of experiments, we conclude that surface metallization is strongly related to diffusive transport of irradiation-induced defects. We can coherently explain experimental results presented here, and earlier observations, by assuming that both the conversion of primarily created F and H center defects into charged ${V}_{k}$ and I centers, as well as their electric-field-induced diffusion, are controlled by the electron irradiation. Fluorine diffusion into the bulk leads to the formation of subsurface fluorine gas bubbles appearing as micron-sized surface elevations in scanning force microscopy images. For the initial stages of metal cluster formation on the (111) surface, we observe ordering phenomena indicating an epitaxial growth. Due to oxidation the surface topography changes when metal clusters are subjected to a residual gas atmosphere of $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}\mathrm{mbar}$ for more than one day.
Neonatal streptozotocin-induced rat model of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A glance (2004)

Diabetes mellitus is a group of syndromes characterized by hyperglycemia, altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and protein and an increased risk of complication of vascular diseases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by derangement of insulin secretion and an inability of the peripheral tissues to respond to insulin. In spite of the availability of many animal models for Type 2 diabetes mellitus including genetic and chemically induced, none of them simulate human Type 2 diabetes mellitus. An attempt has been made in the present review, to evaluate the neonatal streptozotocin-induced rat (n-STZ rats) model of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, for its potential advantages as a suitable model over the others. The n-STZ model (with alteration of dose and day of STZ injection) exhibits various stages of Type 2 diabetes mellitus such as impaired glucose tolerance, and mild, moderate and severe glycemia. The cells in n-STZ rats bear a resemblance to insulin secretory characteristics found in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus the n-STZ model can be considered as one of the suitable animal models of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Electrical Modulation Of Membrane Proteins: Enforced Conformational Oscillations And Biological Energy And Signal Transductions (1990)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
[Course of the urinary lithiasis treatment in the Surgery Department of a Children's Hospital]. (1995)

Records of 90 urolithiasis patients (50 boys and 40 girls) of 5 months to 18 years old (medium 8.7 yr) treated in our department from 1975 to 1993 were reviewed. Family history was found in 25 (27.7%), concomitant uropathy in 9 and predisposing factors to lithogenesis in 35 patients. The most frequent clinical manifestations were hematuria, lumbalgia, dysuria and calculus elimination. Urinary tract infection was found in 26 cases. Treatment modalities used were: medical in 31, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in 12 surgery en 28, endoscopy en 1 and instrumental in 1. Six of 28 surgically treated patients presented residual urolithiasis and another 6 relapsed. Three complications were registered. Recovery from hydronephrosis and/or vesicoureteral reflux was seen in all patients with these lesions.
Protein–Osmolality Ratio for the Quantitative Assessment of Proteinuria from a Random Urinalysis Sample (1993)

Proteinuria evaluation is important for the differential diagnosis of renal disease and the assessment of prognosis and response to therapy. Qualitative proteinuria correlates poorly with quantitative 24-hour protein levels because of hydration and methodologic problems associated with observer error. The authors automated quantitative urinary protein and osmolality measurements and evaluated whether a urinary protein-osmolality ratio (mg/L/mOsm/kg) in the random urinalysis predicts the 24-hour urine protein level. They compared this ratio with the (1) 24-hour protein levels in 78 normal women and 53 normal men; (2) 24-hour protein levels in 129 proteinuric patients; and (3) urinary protein-creatinine ratio in 131 normal patients and 105 proteinuric patients. The normal urinary protein-osmolality ratio was less than 0.12 (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 93%). This compared to a urinary protein-creatinine ratio of less than 0.05 (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 90%). A urinary protein-osmolality ratio of greater than 2.5 indicates a level of more than 3.0 g/24 hour (sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 98%). The urinary protein-osmolality ratio = 1.12x + 0.05 (r = 0.88), where x = 24-hour protein. The authors conclude that the quantitative urinary protein-osmolality ratio is better than a qualitative urinalysis and urinary protein-urinary creatinine ratio for detecting or assessing abnormal proteinuria and allows for a reasonable prediction of 24-hour protein levels.
Data for Giraldo et al. 2018 (2018)

See the README.docx file copied in each folder.
Energy efficiency maximization for 5G multi‐antenna receivers (2014)

Abstract In a digital communication system, the analog signal that the receiver receives with its radio frequency front end is converted into digital format by using the analog‐to‐digital converter (A/D converter, ADC). Quantisation takes place during the conversion from continuous amplitude signal to discrete amplitude signal, leading inevitably to losses in information which are dependent on the number of bits that is used to represent each sample. Although employing a higher bit resolution reduces the quantisation error, a higher power dissipation of the ADC is incurred at the same time. This trade‐off is essential to the energy efficiency of the receiver, which is commonly measured by the number of information bits conveyed per consumed Joule of energy. We investigate, in this work, the adaptation of ADC resolutions of a multi‐antenna receiver based on instantaneous channel knowledge, with the goal of maximising receiver energy efficiency. The formulated optimisation is a combinatorial problem, and we propose several algorithms which yield near‐optimal solutions. Results from numerical simulations are presented and analysed, which provide guidelines to operation and deployment of the system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cystic Disease of the Kidney (2007)

This review focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the development of human renal cystic diseases. A pathological, clinical, and pathophysiological overview is given. Initial analysis of the cell biology of inappropriate hyperproliferation accompanied by fluid secretion of cyst-lining epithelia has been followed by the elucidation of fundamental defects in epithelial polarity, cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions, and apoptosis, all of which are discussed. Identification of the genes and proteins responsible for several renal cystic diseases has led to a more complete understanding of defects in renal developmental programming, differentiation, and morphogenesis, all of which underlie cystic diseases of the kidney.
Activation of Carbon Dioxide, VI. Ligand Effects in the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid Using in situ Catalysts Formed from [{(cod)Rh(μ‐Cl)}<sub>2</sub>] and Monodentate and Bidentate Phosphorus Ligands (1996)

Abstract Highly active catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO 2 to formic acid in DMSO/NEt 3 are formed in situ from [{(cod)Rh(μ‐Cl)} 2 ] and various monodentate or bidentate ligands with phosphorus as the donor atom. Formic acid concentrations up to 2.3 · 0.2 mol l –1 can be obtained in less than 6 hours at ambient temperature under a total initial pressure of 40 atm by using rhodium concentrations of 5 · 10 –3 mol l –1 . The changes in catalytic activities observed upon structural changes of monodentate ligands are discussed in terms of classical ligand parameters like basicity and steric demand of the PR 3 group, while with bidentate ligands R 2 P(CH 2 ) n PR 2 the chain length n plays a dominant role for the activity of the catalyst. The effects cannot be explained by a direct impact of the ligand on catalytically active intermediates only, but influences on the formation of these species must also be taken into account.
Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cycloolefins (1969)

The ring-opening polymerization of cycloolefins by WCl6/ROH/RAlCl2 catalysts is a special case of olefin metathesis, a new reaction operating via a transalkylidenation mechanism. Hence, the ring-opening polymerization site involves the double bond itself rather than a single bond adjacent to the double bond. Ring-opening via a transalkylidenation reaction produces macrocyclics. All observable polymeric species up to the undecamer are monocyclic compounds whose structures depend on the number of carbons per double bond in the monomer. The same macrocyclic species are obtained from either polymerization of monomer or depolymerization of high polymer. This ring-opening polymerization is an equilibrium reaction, and it is predicted that ring-chain equilibrium may be attained if acyclic olefins are available to form chain ends.
Medication Errors in Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Code-Related Situations (2016)

PubMed/MEDLINE (1966-November 2014) was searched to identify relevant published studies on the overall frequency, types, and examples of medication errors during medical emergencies involving cardiopulmonary resuscitation and related situations, and the breakdown by type of error. The overall frequency of medication errors during medical emergencies, specifically situations related to resuscitation, is highly variable. Medication errors during such emergencies, particularly cardiopulmonary resuscitation and surrounding events, are not well characterized in the literature but may be more frequent than previously thought. Depending on whether research methods included database mining, simulation, or prospective observation of clinical practice, reported occurrence of medication errors during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and surrounding events has ranged from less than 1% to 50%. Because of the chaos of the resuscitation environment, errors in prescribing, dosing, preparing, labeling, and administering drugs are prone to occur. System-based strategies, such as infusion pump policies and code cart management, as well as personal strategies exist to minimize medication errors during emergency situations.
Plasticizing Effects of Imidazolium Salts in PMMA: High-Temperature Stable Flexible Engineering Materials (2003)

The unique, environmentally-sound applications of ionic liquids (ILs) are well-known, and include use as green solvents for a variety of chemical processes. Because ILs are stable liquids over a wide temperature range, they offer technological advantages over some chemicals used in their liquid phase, such as plasticizers, where polymer flexibility can be enhanced. Common problems with plasticizers include evaporation and leakage from the surface, instability at high temperatures, lack of lubrication at low temperatures, migration within the polymer, and toxicity. We have addressed couple of these issues using poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA. Systems studied include bulk PMMA, and PMMA plasticized with butyl methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim+][PF6-], hexyl methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate [hmim+][PF6-], and a traditional plasticizer, dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Experiments indicate that high temperature stability is improved significantly by replacing DOP with an IL. The effect of IL on glass transition temperature and elastic modulus were also determined. Ionic liquids as plasticizers may revolutionize the usage of flexible polymers at high temperatures, without brittleness or loss of mechanical strength.
Identifying diagnostic DNA methylation profiles for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy in blood and saliva using bisulfite sequencing (2014)

We have developed an assay to identify changes in DNA methylation on the pathogenic distal 4q D4Z4 repeat. We show that the DNA methylation profile of saliva reflects FSHD status. This assay can distinguish FSHD from healthy controls, differentiate FSHD1 from FSHD2, does not require HMW genomic DNA or PFGE, and can be performed on either cultured cells, tissue, blood, or saliva samples.
Patient Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things (2016)

The increased use of mobile technologies and smart devices in the area of health has caused great impact on the world. Health experts are increasingly taking advantage of the benefits these technologies bring, thus generating a significant improvement in health care in clinical settings and out of them. Likewise, countless ordinary users are being served from the advantages of the M-Health (Mobile Health) applications and E-Health (health care supported by ICT) to improve, help and assist their health. Applications that have had a major refuge for these users, so intuitive environment. The Internet of things is increasingly allowing to integrate devices capable of connecting to the Internet and provide information on the state of health of patients and provide information in real time to doctors who assist. It is clear that chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart and pressure among others, are remarkable in the world economic and social level problem. The aim of this article is to develop an architecture based on an ontology capable of monitoring the health and workout routine recommendations to patients with chronic diseases.
Inside the object model : the sensible use of C++ (1995)

1. Introduction 2. Program structure 3. The C language subset 4. Type, abstract data type, and class 5. Attributes, simple associations, and composition 6. Immutability and new built-in types 7. Object persistence and the object life cycle 8. Information access control 9. Expression evaluation and operator overloading 10. Type mismatch resolution 11. Representation invariant and copy semantics 12. Advanced associations and pointer-based implementation 13. Generalization and inheritance 14. Polymorphism and real-time binding 15. Metatype, parameterized type, and templates 16. Exception handling.
The Anchorage Mechanics of Maize,<i>Zea mays</i> (1993)

The anchorage system of mature maize Zea mays was investigated by combining morphological and anatomical study of the root system with mechanical tests on roots and with studies in which plants were pulled over. The root system is dominated by 20–30 adventitious roots which emerge in rings from the stem base pointing radially downwards and outwards, approximately 30° from the vertical. Roots are strengthened near their base by a heavily lignified exodermis which makes them rigid in bending; distally, strength and rigidity both decrease because roots become thinner and less lignified. When plants were pulled over, a maximum anchorage moment of 5–20 Nm was mobilized at angles of 8–10°, larger plants having stronger anchorage. Movement was initially centred on the leeward side of the stem, anchorage being due to the resistance of both windward and leeward roots to axial motion through the soil and to bending. At displacements over 10°, however, leeward roots buckled under combined bending and compression and the centre of rotation shifted to the windward perimeter of the root system; subsequent movement of the cone of roots and soil was resisted only by the bearing strength of the soil beneath it. The differences between anchorage failure in balsam and sunflowers and that in maize probably results from the lower angular spread and the weakness in compression of the maize roots which prevents the leeward side of the root system from bearing large downward loads. The system behaves more like that of wheat; these results suggest that the lodging resistance of both plants may be improved by increasing the bending strength and angle of spread of the adventitious roots.
Application of π‐Arene–Ruthenium Complexes in Peptide Labeling and Peptide Synthesis (1996)

The potential of bioorganometallic chemistry as a new interdisciplinary research area is illustrated impressively by organoruthenium complexes with peptide ligands. Ruthenium‐π‐arene fragments are of interest both as markers for peptides that can be readily introduced and as promoters of complex synthetic transformations such as the preparation of cyclic peptide antibiotics and of linear oligopeptides in a one‐pot procedure.
Fabrication of Yttrium-Doped Barium Zirconate for High Performance Protonic Ceramic Membranes (2016)

Barium zirconate has emerged as the leading candidate material for fabricating dense ceramic membranes for hydrogen separation. B-sites in the ABO3 perovskite are acceptor-doped with a +3 cation – most commonly yttrium – charge-compensated by the formation of oxygen ion vacancies in the lattice. A minor fraction of B-sites can be filled with cerium to give BaZr0.9-xCexY0.1O3-d, x ≤ 0.2. Upon hydration at elevated temperatures, weakly-bound protons are formed in the lattice. This produces a cubic perovskite ceramic proton conductor useful in diverse applications, such as protonic ceramic fuel cells, electrolysers, and catalytic membrane reactors operating at temperatures between 600 and 800 °C. A necessary requirement for fabricating thin ceramic membranes for proton diffusion is to maximize grain size while eliminating percolating porosity. However, high-density, large-grained barium zirconate is a very difficult material to prepare by traditional powder sintering methods. This chapter describes a new methodology for making protonic ceramic membranes with large grains and virtually no residual porosity. This discovery has the potential to have a profound impact on energy conversion efficiency of the various membrane devices envisioned for the coming hydrogen energy economy.