gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Combination Treatment with a Vitamin D Analog (OCT) and a Bisphosphonate (AHPrBP) in a Nude Mouse Model of Cancer-Associated Hypercalcemia (1998)

Hypercalcemia represents one of the important paraneoplastic syndromes affecting morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. We and others have demonstrated that vitamin D analogs with little calcemic activities suppress the transcription of the parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) gene, a major humor responsible for cancer hypercalcemia, and thereby prevent the development of hypercalcemic syndrome. The present study was undertaken: to compare the therapeutic efficacy of a vitamin D analog, 22-oxa-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (OCT), and a bisphosphonate (disodium 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate pentahydrate [AHPrBP]), an inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption, on cancer-induced hypercalcemia; and to see if the effect could be enhanced by combination treatment, using a nude mouse model implanted with a human pancreas carcinoma (FA-6). After a single intravenous administration, OCT (5 microg/kg of body weight [BW]) was as effective as AHPrBP (10 mg/kg of BW) in lowering blood ionized calcium levels in tumor-bearing nude mice, and their combination further enhanced the therapeutic effect. Although AHPrBP lost its efficacy after repeated injections, OCT was still effective after the third administration. The therapeutic effect of OCT in cancer hypercalcemia was observed in four other human tumors, including another pancreas carcinoma (PAN-7), two squamous cell carcinomas of the lung (KCC-C1 and LC-6), and a squamous carcinoma of the pharynx (PHA-1), all of which elaborated PTHrP into the circulation. Treatment with OCT resulted in a decrease in circulating PTHrP levels by approximately 50% in two representative models. However, the mechanism underlying the antihypercalcemic effect of OCT seemed complex, involving inhibition of PTHrP production, suppression of excessive bone resorption, and an antitumor activity. OCT also markedly inhibited the body weight loss with tumor growth, while AHPrBP, which exhibited a similar antihypercalcemic effect, was less effective than OCT in preventing cachexia. The anticachectic activity of their combination did not exceed that of OCT alone, suggesting a hypercalcemia-dependent as well as an independent mechanism of cancer cachexia. It is concluded that OCT may be useful, either as a single agent or in combination with bisphosphonates, for the treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcemia and cachexia.
The Impact of Information Diffusion on Bidding Behavior in Secret Reserve Price Auctions (2008)

The interactive nature of the Internet promotes collaborative business models (e.g., auctions) and facilitates information-sharing via social networks. In Internet auctions, an important design option for sellers is the setting of a secret reserve price that has to be met by a buyer's bid for a successful purchase. Bidders have strong incentives to learn more about the secret reserve price in these auctions, thereby relying on their own network of friends or digital networks of users with similar interests and information needs. Information-sharing and flow in digital networks, both person-to-person and via communities, can change bidding behavior and thus can have important implications for buyers and sellers in secret reserve price auctions. This paper uses a multiparadigm approach to analyze the impact of information diffusion in social networks on bidding behavior in secret reserve price auctions. We first develop an analytical model for the effect of shared information on individual bidding behavior in a secret reserve price auction with a single buyer facing a single seller similar to eBay's Best Offer and some variants of NYOP. Next, we combine the implications from our analytical model with relational data that describe the individual's position in social networks. We empirically test the implications of our analytical model in a laboratory experiment, and examine the impact of information diffusion in social networks on bidding behavior in a field study with real purchases where we use a virtual world as proxy for the real world. We find that the amount and dispersion of information in the individualized context, and betweenness centrality in the social network context, have a significant impact on bidding behavior. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for buyers and sellers.
Effect of Plant Hormone Auxin in Flower Development (2015)

Auxin Development Flower Auxin has long been implicated in many aspects of plant growth and development including flower development. However, the exact roles of auxin in flower development have not been well defined until the recent identification of auxin biosynthesis mutants. Auxin is necessary for the initiation of floral primordia, and the disruption of auxin biosynthesis, polar auxin transport or auxin signaling leads to the failure of flower formation. Auxin also plays an essential role in specifying the number and identity of floral organs. Further analysis of the relationship between the auxin pathways and the known flower development genes will provide critical information regarding mechanisms of organogenesis and pattern formation in plants.
Coordinated Movement of RACK1 with Activated βIIPKC (1999)

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes move upon activation from one intracellular site to another. PKC-binding proteins, such as receptors for activated C kinase (RACKs), play an important role in regulating the localization and diverse functions of PKC isozymes. RACK1, the receptor for activated betaIIPKC, determines the localization and functional activity of betaIIPKC. However, the mechanism by which RACK1 localizes activated betaIIPKC is not known. Here, we provide evidence that the intracellular localization of RACK1 changes in response to PKC activation. In Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the dopamine D2L receptor and in NG108-15 cells, PKC activation by either phorbol ester or a dopamine D2 receptor agonist caused the movement of RACK1. Moreover, PKC activation resulted in the in situ association and movement of RACK1 and betaIIPKC to the same intracellular sites. Time course studies indicate that PKC activation induces the association of the two proteins prior to their co-movement. We further show that association of RACK1 and betaIIPKC is required for the movement of both proteins. Our results suggest that RACK1 is a PKC shuttling protein that moves betaIIPKC from one intracellular site to another.
Expression and antigenicity of human herpesvirus 8 encoded ORF59 protein in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (1999)

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, KSHV) is a new herpes virus isolated from patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS). The ORF59 protein of HHV-8 has recently been shown to encode a processivity factor (PF-8) for HHV-8-encoded DNA polymerase. By immunoscreening a cDNA library derived from the HHV-8-infected cell line TY-1, ORF59 antigen was identified in AIDS-KS patients. Immunoblotting revealed that recombinant ORF59 protein reacted with sera from patients with AIDS-KS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using ORF59-recombinant protein as the antigen revealed that 7 of 22 (31. 8%) AIDS-KS patients and 6 of 263 (2.2%) Japanese HIV-negative patients or healthy blood donors were positive for anti-ORF59 antibodies. Immunohistochemistry using anti-ORF59 rabbit antibodies revealed that this protein was expressed in some of the tumor cells found in KS tissues and that ORF59 protein was detected in 11 of 22 (50%) AIDS-KS tissues. In situ hybridization indicated that some of KS tumor cells were positive for HHV-8 T1.1 mRNA in the same specimen. These data suggest that ORF59 is one of the HHV-8 encoded antigens in patients with AIDS-KS and also indicated that viral replication occurred in some of KS tumor cells.
Alternating Doublets: Establishing the Optimal Multifractionated Dosing Schedule to Administer Docetaxel, Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, and Vinorelbine in Combination (2003)

The purpose was to determine the optimal multifractionated (MF) dosing schedule to permit the delivery of four active agents in nonsmall cell lung cancer simultaneously in alternating doublets (docetaxel-cisplatin alternating with gemcitabine-vinorelbine). Three MF schedules were used: schedule A weekly; schedule B twice weekly for 2 weeks repeated every 21 days; and schedule C twice weekly every other week. Dose fractions were fixed for each component drug: docetaxel 50 mg/m2 plus cisplatin 20 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 500 mg/m2 plus vinorelbine 25 mg/m2. GCSF 480 micrograms was administered as a single dose concomitant with chemotherapy if the WBC was between 1500 and 3500 cells/mm3. Hematological toxicity, particularly leukopenia and anemia, was the predominant adverse effect observed and was demonstrated on all three schedules. Schedule B was not feasible in that none of the seven cycles were completed and six of seven required hospitalization for febrile neutropenia. The delivery of a four-drug combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of docetaxel, cisplatin, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine is feasible with an alternating doublet multifractionated dosing scheme with either a weekly or twice weekly every other week schedule.
Antigen-stimulated changes in cyclic nucleotide levels in the mouse. (1975)

Mice injected intravenously with sheep erythrocytes (sRBC) demonstrate a transient increase in splenic cAMP levels (4-fold), which peak at 2 min after injection and return to basal levels by 20 min. In addition to the change in cAMP, an increase in splenic cGMP levels (1.5-fold) occurs beginning 5-10 min after sRBC injection, and persists for up to 7 days. During this period cAMP levels remain at or below control levels in the spleen. There is no change in 3':5' cyclic nucleotide levels in the liver and a small increase (1.2- to 1.3-fold) in the thymus at the time when splenic cyclic nucleotide levels are elevated. The changes in splenic cyclic nucleotide levels appear to be dependent on the presence of thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes, since little change occurs in cAMP and changes in cGMP are absent in athymic nude mice. In addition, cAMP levels were increased by pretreatment of normal mice with cortisone acetate, which selects for mature T lymphocytes. Agents that block autonomic nervous system functions have no effect on the early sRBC-induced changes in cyclic nucleotide levels.Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, reduces the change in cAMP level by 50% and blocks the change in cGMP levels completely. Secondary stimulation with sRBC results in a larger increase in cAMP levels than that seen with a primary injection of sRBC, indicating the presence of specific antigen-sensitive memory cells. Changes in splenic cyclic nucleotide levels cannot be detected at early times after the injection of soluble protein antigens such as bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Salmonella H antigen stimulates a 2-fold increase in cAMP levels, the increase occurring more slowly than with sRBC. The in vivo changes incyclic nucleotide levels are correlated with known changes in cyclic nucleotide levels which have been documented in vitro in both T-cells and T-cell-dependent-B-cell (bone-marrow derived) antibody responses.
Link analysis for BILSAT-1 (2006)

BILSAT-1, a 130 kg micro satellite, is Turkey's first low Earth orbit Earth (LEO) observation satellite. The project was started in August 2001 at Surrey Satellite Technologies Limited (SSTL)'s facilities in Guildford, UK and BILSAT-1 was launched successfully from Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russia in 27 September 2003. The main objective of the mission is remote sensing. The communications subsystem is a core system for Earth observation satellite. It is generally used for telemetry/telecommand signaling, software uploading and image/data transfer. The BILSAT-1 communications subsystem is composed of VHF/UHF (amateur space band) and S-Band (commercial space band). Link analysis is essential for design of any satellite communications subsystem to observe the quality of the link. The link budget should be calculated; the positive link margin has to be guaranteed at all elevation angles that the proposed design requires before the actual manufacturing process starts. For BILSAT-1 communications subsystem, the link budget calculator program has been developed at pre-design phase. The program calculates the received Eb/No and the required Eb/No, and gives the difference as the link margin with respect to the elevation angles. The communications subsystem parameters such as RF output power, antenna size/type, power consumption etc. both at ground station and on board have been optimized according to the simulated links. These parameters ultimately effects overall project cost and time schedule. Also, to aid pre-launch/in-orbit test and to observe in-orbit link quality, some status points have been made available at BILSAT-1 satellite telemetry system. The measurements include a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) that provides an indication of the total signal power received. By using this data, the reliability of the link budget calculator program can be verified. In this paper, the above-mentioned link budget calculator program will be presented and the calculated and the actual link margins will be given and compared
Petroleum Residue Upgrading Via Delayed Coking: A Review (2007)

Abstract World petroleum residue processing capacity has reached about 725 million metric tons per annum (MMTPA). The high demand for transportation fuels and the ever‐rising heavy nature of crude oil have resulted in a renewed interest in the bottom‐of‐the‐barrel processing using various conversion processes. Delayed coking, known for processing virtually any refinery stream (which not only poses a serious threat to environment, but also involves a disposal cost) has garnered tremendous importance in the current refining scenario. Needle coke obtained from delayed coking process is a highly sought‐after product, which is used in electric arc furnaces (in the form of graphite electrodes) in steel making applications. In the present communication, the published literature has been extensively analyzed and a state‐of‐the‐art review has been written that includes: (1) importance and place of delayed coking as a residue upgrading process in the current refining scenario; (2) coking mechanism and kinetics; (3) design aspects; (4) feedstocks suitable for the production of needle coke; (5) characteristics of needle coke; (6) factors affecting needle coke quality and quantity; and (7) future market for needle coke. An attempt has been made to get the above‐mentioned aspects together in a coherent theme so that the information is available at a glance and could be of significant use for researchers and practising refiners.
A Convenient General Method for the Preparation of Aldehydes (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Convenient General Method for the Preparation of AldehydesMARTIN STILES and ANTHONY J. SISTICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 10, 1691–1693Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01080a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01080a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Migraine and tension-type headache in a general population: precipitating factors, female hormones, sleep pattern and relation to lifestyle (1993)

In a cross-sectional epidemiological study of headache disorders information on precipitating factors, age at onset, influence of menstruation and pregnancy and use of oral contraceptives was collected. The presence of migraine and tension-type headache was ascertained by a clinical interview and examination using the operational diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society. The prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache was also analysed in relation to variables of lifestyle: physical activity, smoking, consumption of coffee, alcohol intake and sleep pattern. In both migraine and tension-type headache, the most conspicuous precipitating factor was stress and mental tension. Other common precipitants were alcohol, weather changes and menstruation. Disappearance or substantial improvement of the headache during pregnancy was more frequent in migraineurs than in tension-type headache sufferers. The age at onset of both migraine and tension-type headache differs between men and women. Female hormones may be an important factor responsible for the sex difference of headache disorders. The level of physical activity showed no association with migraine, but a significantly higher prevalence of tension-type headache in men with exclusively sedentary activity emerged. Smoking, coffee and alcohol consumption showed no significant associations with the headache disorders. Sleep pattern was significantly associated with migraine and tension-type headache in both univariate and multivariate analyses. In conclusion, migraine and tension-type headache seem to be different with regard to a number of endogenous and exogenous factors.
Compacting garbage collection with ambiguous roots (1988)

Many modern garbage collectors [4] recover space by copying. Using an initial "root" set of pointers which are stored in known locations, all accessible objects are copied into a "new space". Two of the attractive properties of such a collector are that it results in memory compaction and it can have a running time proportional to the amount of accessible storage [2]. However, such schemes place a large burden on the underlying system as all pointers to the objects must be found and changed.
Broad-Spectrum Enantioselective Diels−Alder Catalysis by Chiral, Cationic Oxazaborolidines (2002)

The cationic chiral Lewis acids 1 and 2, generated by triflic acid protonation of the corresponding neutral oxazaborolidines, serve as excellent catalysts for Diels-Alder addition of cyclopentadiene to a wide variety of dienophiles. Adducts have been obtained in excellent yield and enantioselectivity from alpha,beta-unsaturated esters, lactones, and cyclic ketones. The absolute facial selectivity for each of these substrates follows a common pattern which differs from that observed with alpha,beta-enals. The different reaction channels can be understood in terms of pathways via complexes 3 (for alpha,beta-enals) and 4 (for alpha,beta-enones and esters).
Chiral Graphene Quantum Dots (2016)

Chiral nanostructures from metals and semiconductors attract wide interest as components for polarization-enabled optoelectronic devices. Similarly to other fields of nanotechnology, graphene-based materials can greatly enrich physical and chemical phenomena associated with optical and electronic properties of chiral nanostructures and facilitate their applications in biology as well as other areas. Here, we report that covalent attachment of l/d-cysteine moieties to the edges of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) leads to their helical buckling due to chiral interactions at the "crowded" edges. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the GQDs revealed bands at ca. 210-220 and 250-265 nm that changed their signs for different chirality of the cysteine edge ligands. The high-energy chiroptical peaks at 210-220 nm correspond to the hybridized molecular orbitals involving the chiral center of amino acids and atoms of graphene edges. Diverse experimental and modeling data, including density functional theory calculations of CD spectra with probabilistic distribution of GQD isomers, indicate that the band at 250-265 nm originates from the three-dimensional twisting of the graphene sheet and can be attributed to the chiral excitonic transitions. The positive and negative low-energy CD bands correspond to the left and right helicity of GQDs, respectively. Exposure of liver HepG2 cells to L/D-GQDs reveals their general biocompatibility and a noticeable difference in the toxicity of the stereoisomers. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that d-GQDs have a stronger tendency to accumulate within the cellular membrane than L-GQDs. Emergence of nanoscale chirality in GQDs decorated with biomolecules is expected to be a general stereochemical phenomenon for flexible sheets of nanomaterials.
Synthesis of 4<i>H</i>‐furo[3,2‐<i>b</i>]indole derivatives. III. Preparation of 4<i>H</i>‐furo[3,2‐<i>b</i>]indole‐2‐carboxylic acid derivatives (1979)

Abstract Methyl or ethyl 4 H ‐furo[3,2‐ b ]indole‐2‐carboxylates (Va,b) were prepared from deoxygenation of methyl or ethyl 5‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐furoates (IIIa,b) and thermolysis of methyl or ethyl 5‐(2‐azidophenyl)‐2‐furoates (VIIIa,b). 4 H ‐Furo[3,2‐ b ]indole‐2‐carboxylic acid amides (XIa‐h) were obtained by the reaction of 4 H ‐furo[3,2‐ b ]indole‐2‐carboxyl chloride (X) with the appropriate amines.
Fork Reversal and ssDNA Accumulation at Stalled Replication Forks Owing to Checkpoint Defects (2002)

Checkpoint-mediated control of replicating chromosomes is essential for preventing cancer. In yeast, Rad53 kinase protects stalled replication forks from pathological rearrangements. To characterize the mechanisms controlling fork integrity, we analyzed replication intermediates formed in response to replication blocks using electron microscopy. At the forks, wild-type cells accumulate short single-stranded regions, which likely causes checkpoint activation, whereas rad53 mutants exhibit extensive single-stranded gaps and hemi-replicated intermediates, consistent with a lagging-strand synthesis defect. Further, rad53 cells accumulate Holliday junctions through fork reversal. We speculate that, in checkpoint mutants, abnormal replication intermediates begin to form because of uncoordinated replication and are further processed by unscheduled recombination pathways, causing genome instability.
An integrated Si bipolar RF transceiver for a zero IF 900 MHz GSM digital mobile radio frontend of a hand portable phone (2002)

A single-chip solution for a GSM (Group Special Mobile) 900-MHz RF TX quadrature modulator and RX quadrature demodulator was designed and fabricated in a 9-GHz silicon bipolar technology. The transmit modulator is a direct upconverter and the receive demodulator operates in a zero IF architecture. This device is one of the key components of a pocket-size hand-portable phoneset for application in the GSM pan-European digital mobile radio system. The consumption from the battery is 25 mA in RX mode and 45 mA in TX mode. The circuit is powered from a 5-V regulated supply voltage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>