gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hemorrhagic and obstructive shock in pediatric patients. (1998)

Shock in childhood is most commonly related to injury and blood loss, but hemodynamic compromise is occasionally caused by severe head or spinal injury, tension pneumothorax, myocardial injury, arrhythmias, and sepsis. Regardless of the cause, the initial management of the hypertensive child is establishment of a secure airway, maintenance of ventilation, and initiation of volume replacement via an adequate intravenous catheter. At the present time, crystalloid resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution and buffering of acidosis with sodium bicarbonate is the standard approach, although in the future hypertonic saline solution may play a role. Hemorrhage may be classified according to the percentage of blood volume lost; losses in excess of 30% of blood volume (class III and IV hemorrhage) usually require administration of packed red blood cells and/or albumin as well. With appropriate management, the typical clinical signs of shock will be reversed and the child will demonstrate improved vital signs, peripheral circulation and sensorium, normalization of body temperature, reversal of metabolic acidosis, and resumption of normal urine output. The more aggressive the approach to resuscitation, the more prompt the patient's response and the more likely morbidity and mortality will be minimized.
Electron‐beam characteristics at extended treatment distances (1995)

A uniform dose to the target site is required with a knowledge of delivered dose, central axis depth dose, and beam flatness for successful electron treatment at an extended source to surface distance (SSD). The central axis depth dose is shown to be nearly independent of moderate changes in the treatment distance. The delivered dose at a point could be calculated with the concept of virtual source position and an inverse square correction. In an extended SSD treatment, underdosage of the lateral tissue may occur due to reduced beam flatness. To study the changes in beam characteristics, the depth dose and beam flatness were measured at different SSDs for clinically used field sizes [(3 x 3)-(15 x 15) cm2] and beam energies ranging from 6 to 20 MeV. Our results indicate that the changes in depth dose are minimal except in the buildup region for most energies. In general, the surface dose is decreased (< or = 10%) as the SSD is increased moderately. Beam flatness was measured in terms of target coverage factor (TCF) defined as the ratio of the width of a specified isodose line to the geometrical field width. It was observed that the loss in beam flatness is significant for smaller fields, higher isodose lines, and lower energies. Variations in SSD have a minimal effect on the relative changes in beam flatness for field sizes greater than 8 x 8 cm2. The lateral loss of beam uniformity could be estimated by various parameters, such as the full width at half maximum, the homogeneity index, the uniformity index, and the TCF; however, TCF is a simpler parameter to use clinically. The beam characteristics (depth dose and TCF) at extended treatment distances are presented for electron beams.
Hydration repulsion effects on the formation of supported lipid bilayers (2011)

When zwitterionic lipids fuse onto substrates such as silica (SiO2), the water of hydration between the two approaching surfaces must be removed, giving rise to an effective hydration repulsion. Removal of water around the polar headgroups of the lipid and the silanols (SiOH) of SiO2 allows supported lipid bilayer (SLB) formation, although an interstitial water layer remains between the lipid and surface. The importance of hydration repulsion in SLB formation is demonstrated by monitoring fusion of zwitterionic lipids onto silica (SiO2) nanoparticles heat treated to control the silanol group (SiOH) density and thus the amount of bound water. SLB formation, observed by cryo-TEM and nano-differential scanning calorimetry, was found to be slower for the more hydrated surfaces. Although the SiOH density decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature, ζ-potentials were the same for all the SiO2. This arose since at the pH = 8 of the experiments, only isolated silanols, with a pKa = 4.9, and not hydrogen bonded silanols, with a pKa = 8.5, were dissociated/charged. Since there were no differences in double layer forces between the SUVs and SiO2, which are the largest and most important interactions determining lipid fusion onto surfaces, the slower rate of SLB formation of DMPC onto SiO2 nanoparticles with higher silanol densities and more bound water was therefore attributed to greater hydration repulsion of the more hydrated nanoparticles. For SiO2 heated to 1000 °C, with only a few isolated silanols, little adsorbed water and many hydrophobic Si–O–Si groups, particle aggregation occurred and lipid sheaths formed around the nanoparticle aggregates.
Workplace bullying: Issues, future legislative trends and solutiions. (2003)

There is increasing recognition that workplace bullying occurs across the world and across occupations; an internet search will reveal several thousand sites purporting to deal with the issue, although much of the material is personal and anecdotal. Several reports have graphically illustrated the pain, mental distress, physical illness and career damage suffered by victims of bullying. Of concern is the evidence that is accumulating on bullying and its effects amongst health professionals, particularly in the nursing profession. This paper discusses workplace bullying, issues, legislative nds and possible solutions to assist in dealing with this growing concern.
Influence of Isolates of<i>Gliocladium virens</i>and Delivery Systems on Biological Control of Southern Blight on Carrot and Tomato in the Field (1994)

Experiments were conducted in the field from 1990 to 1992 to evaluate the influence of two isolates of the fungal antagonist Gliocladium virens and two delivery systems on the biological control of southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on processing carrot and tomato. Two isolates of G. virenq (GL-3 and GL-21) in either a bran prill or vermiculite bran formulation, nonamended control formulations, and the fungicides PCNB (Terrachlor 75WP) or flutolanil (Moncut 50WP) were applied to separate plots infested with S. rolfsii arranged in a randomized complete block design. The incidence of southern blight in carrot was consistently reduced over 3 yr by both isolates of G. virens in the bran prill formulation when the antagonist was cultivated into soil on both sides of the row
Spin polarization of Co2FeSi full-Heusler alloy and tunneling magnetoresistance of its magnetic tunneling junctions (2006)

The authors report spin polarization (P) and tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of epitaxially grown Co2FeSi thin films on a MgO (001) substrate. A Heusler-type L21 structure was observed in the samples sputter deposited at 473K or above. The P value of the ordered film was measured as 0.49±0.02 by the point contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) technique. The TMR values obtained from the magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) using the Co2FeSi electrode and Al-oxide barrier were 67.5% at 5K and 43.6% at 298K, respectively. The P value estimated from the TMR using Julliere’s model matches the spin polarization measured by the PCAR very well, indicating that the TMR value from the MTJ is governed by the intrinsic value of P of the electrode material for incoherent tunneling.
Expression of the transcription factor NFATp in a neuronal cell line and in the murine nervous system. (1994)

The transcription factor NFATp, which has a central role in cytokine gene induction in T cells, was previously thought to be expressed only in T cells and other immune cells. Here we report that NFATp is also expressed in the rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line and in the murine nervous system. Antisera against T cell NFATp recognize proteins of similar apparent molecular weight in T cells, PC12 cells, and murine olfactory bulb. The immunoreactive proteins from PC12 cells and from olfactory bulb bind to an NFAT site of the murine interleukin-2 promoter with the same specificity as T cell NFATp. Immunohistochemical staining localizes NFATp to neurons, specifically to olfactory receptor neurons and to their terminals in the olfactory bulb. The presence of NFATp in the nervous system suggests that it has a role in the transcription of specific neuronal genes in response to increases in cytosolic calcium.
DeepProp: Extracting Deep Features from a Single Image for Edit Propagation (2016)

Abstract Edit propagation is a technique that can propagate various image edits (e.g., colorization and recoloring) performed via user strokes to the entire image based on similarity of image features. In most previous work, users must manually determine the importance of each image feature (e.g., color, coordinates, and textures) in accordance with their needs and target images. We focus on representation learning that automatically learns feature representations only from user strokes in a single image instead of tuning existing features manually. To this end, this paper proposes an edit propagation method using a deep neural network (DNN). Our DNN, which consists of several layers such as convolutional layers and a feature combiner, extracts stroke‐adapted visual features and spatial features, and then adjusts the importance of them. We also develop a learning algorithm for our DNN that does not suffer from the vanishing gradient problem, and hence avoids falling into undesirable locally optimal solutions. We demonstrate that edit propagation with deep features, without manual feature tuning, can achieve better results than previous work.
Pressure and fluid saturation prediction in a multicomponent reservoir using combined seismic and electromagnetic imaging (2003)

Abstract This paper presents a method for combining seismic and electromagnetic (EM) measurements to predict changes in water saturation, pressure, and CO2 gas/oil ratio in a reservoir undergoing CO2 flood. Crosswell seismic and EM data sets taken before and during CO2 flooding of an oil reservoir are inverted to produce crosswell images of the change in compressional velocity, shear velocity, and electrical conductivity during a CO2 injection pilot study. A rock-properties model is developed using measured log porosity, fluid saturations, pressure, temperature, bulk density, sonic velocity, and electrical conductivity. The parameters of the rock-properties model are found by an L1-norm simplex minimization of predicted and observed differences in compressional velocity and density. A separate minimization, using Archie's law, provides parameters for modeling the relations between water saturation, porosity, and electrical conductivity. The rock-properties model is used to generate relationships between changes in geophysical parameters and changes in reservoir parameters. Electrical conductivity changes are directly mapped to changes in water saturation; estimated changes in water saturation are used along with the observed changes in shear-wave velocity to predict changes in reservoir pressure. The estimation of the spatial extent and amount of CO2 relies on first removing the effects of the water saturation and pressure changes from the observed compressional velocity changes, producing a residual compressional velocity change. This velocity change is then interpreted in terms of increases in the CO2/oil ratio. Resulting images of the CO2/oil ratio show CO2-rich zones that are well correlated to the location of injection perforations, with the size of these zones also correlating to the amount of injected CO2. The images produced by this process are better correlated to the location and amount of injected CO2 than are any of the individual images of change in geophysical parameters.
A Distributed Stock Cutting using Mean Field Annealing and Genetic Algorithm (2010)

The composite stock cutting problem is defined as allocating rectangular and irregular patterns onto a large composite stock sheet of finite dimensions in such a way that the resulting scrap will be minimized. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to hybrid optimization algorithm called MGA in MPI (Message Passing Interface) environments. The proposed MGA combines the benefit of rapid convergence property of Mean Field Annealing and the effective genetic operations. This paper also proposes the efficient data structures for pattern related information.
Purification and partial primary sequence of a chemotactic protein for polymorphonuclear leukocytes derived from human lung giant cell carcinoma LU65C cells. (1989)

A chemotactic protein for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (lung carcinoma-derived chemotaxin [LUCT]) was purified from culture fluid of the human lung giant cell carcinoma LU65C cells to electrophoretically homogeneous form through five sequential purification steps: DEAE-Sepharose, CM-Sepharose, HPLC on carboxyl-methylated-polyvinylalcohol resin, hydrophobic, and reversed-phase. The molecular mass was determined as approximately 10 kD by SDS-PAGE and isoelectric point was 10.7. The chemotactic activity (ED50 0.75 x 10(-9) M) was sevenfold more potent than that of FMLP (5 X 10(-9) M) and comparable with that of C5a (10(-9) M). NH2-terminal amino acid sequence and amino acid composition of LUCT strongly suggest that it may be closely related to the putative protein encoded by the cDNA clone (3-10C) and almost identical with a part of sequence of the chemotactic factor derived from stimulated human leukocytes in the 6th to 32nd, but not the NH2-terminal 5 amino acids. These results indicate that the carcinoma cells produce LUCT without any added stimulant and suggest that the previously isolated chemotactic monokines may correspond to des(1-5) of LUCT in the NH2-terminal region.
Health effects from exposure to dental diagnostic X-ray (2018)

The purpose of this review is to summarize the results of studies on of the association between exposure to dental X-rays and health risk. To perform the systematic review, We searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases for papers published before December 15, 2016. A total of 2 158 studies, excluding duplicate studies, were found. Two reviewers independently evaluated the eligibility of each study. The final 21 studies were selected after application of exclusion criteria. In terms of health outcomes, there were 10 studies about brain tumors, 5 about thyroid cancer, 3 about tumors of head and neck areas, and 3 related to systemic health. In brain tumor studies, the association between dental X-ray exposure and meningioma was statistically significant in 5 of the 7 studies. In 4 of the 5 thyroid-related studies, there was a significant correlation with dental diagnostic X-rays. In studies on head and neck areas, tumors included laryngeal, parotid gland, and salivary gland cancers. There was also a statistically significant correlation between full-mouth X-rays and salivary gland cancer, but not parotid gland cancer. Health outcomes such as leukemia, low birth weight, cataracts, and thumb carcinomas were also reported. In a few studies examining health effects related to dental X-ray exposure, possibly increased risks of meningioma and thyroid cancer were suggested. More studies with a large population and prospective design are needed to elaborate these associations further.
Development of a PET radiotracer for non-invasive imaging of the reactive oxygen species, superoxide, in vivo (2014)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide range of human disease states and drug toxicities, but development of imaging tools to study ROS biology in vivo remains a challenge. Here we synthesized and validated a novel PET tracer (12) and its (18)F radiolabeled version [(18)F]12 to allow PET ( positron emission tomography) imaging of superoxide in vivo. Initial analysis of ROS reaction kinetics found that compound 12 was rapidly and selectively oxidized by superoxide, but not other ROS. Cell culture studies in EMT6 cells exposed to the cancer chemotherapeutic agent Doxorubicin (DOX), which activates the superoxide-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase, showed that compound 12 was a sensitive and specific probe for superoxide in cells. The microPET imaging of heart in mice with DOX-induced cardiac inflammation observed 2-fold greater oxidation of [(18)F]12 in the DOX-treated mice compared to controls (p = 0.02), the results were confirmed by distribution studies on organs subsequently removed from the mice and HPLC analysis of [(18)F] radioactivity compounds. These data indicate that compound 12 is a useful PET tracer to imaging ROS in vivo.
i-Vector Modeling with Deep Belief Networks for Multi-Session Speaker Recognition (2014)

In this paper we propose an impostor selection method
for a Deep Belief Network (DBN) based system which
models i-vectors in a multi-session speaker verification
task. In the proposed method, instead of choosing a fixed
number of most informative impostors, a threshold is defined according to the frequencies of impostors. The selected impostors are then clustered and the centroids are considered as the final impostors for target speakers. The system first trains each target speaker unsupervisingly by an adaptation method and then models discriminatively each target speaker using the impostor centroids and target i-vectors. The evaluation is performed on the NIST
2014 i-vector challenge database and it is shown that the
proposed DBN-based system achieves 23% relative improvement of minDCF over the baseline system in the challenge
Modulation of transforming growth factor beta receptors of rat lipocytes during the hepatic wound healing response. Enhanced binding and reduced gene expression accompany cellular activation in culture and in vivo. (1994)

Activation of lipocytes, characterized by increased proliferation and fibrogenesis, is a central feature of the hepatic wound healing response. We have examined whether modulation of receptors for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) contributes to the fibrogenic behavior of activated lipocytes. Isolated lipocytes were maintained in a quiescent state by culturing the cells in suspension, where they displayed minimal specific binding for TGF-beta 1 and only a small amount of type III (betaglycan) receptor by affinity labeling. In contrast, lipocytes activated by growth on uncoated plastic displayed saturable binding of TGF-beta 1 (Kd = 28 pM, 7,730 receptors/cell), and receptors types I, II, and III. Binding activity in quiescent and activated cells correlated with responsiveness to TGF-beta 1; TGF-beta 1 induced cellular fibronectin mRNA expression only in activated and not quiescent cells. Despite the absence of binding in quiescent cells, type II receptor was detectable by immunoblot. By RNase protection assay, mRNAs for receptor types II and III were greater in quiescent than activated cells. In freshly isolated lipocytes from animals with liver injury caused by the administration of carbon tetrachloride, a rapid but transient increase in mRNA for receptor types I (approximately 3.2-fold), II (approximately 1.5-fold), and III (approximately 3-fold) was observed with peaks at 12 h for type I receptor, 1 h for type II receptor, and 6 h for type III receptor; mRNA induction was followed by down-regulation for all receptors. The modest changes in mRNAs compared with marked alterations in binding activity during mesenchymal cell activation suggest that TGF-beta receptors may be regulated in vivo in part by a post-translational mechanism.
An <i>in Vitro</i> Primary Immune Response to 2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenyl Substituted Erythrocytes: Response against Carrier and Hapten (1970)

Summary We have observed an in vitro response to the trinitrophenyl determinant (TNP) when spleen cell suspensions from unimmunized mice were cultured with the trinitrophenyl group coupled to sheep erythrocytes (TNP-SRBG) as immunogen. The response was measured by a progressive increase in the number of hemolytic plaque-forming cells assayed with TNP coupled to non-cross-reacting burro erythrocytes.
Acetate: friend or foe? Efficient production of a sweet protein in Escherichia coli BL21 using acetate as a carbon source (2015)

The method introduced represents a new strategy for the production of MNEI in E. coli BL21(DE3) with a simple and convenient process, and offers a new perspective on the capabilities of this microorganism as a biotechnological tool. The conditions employed are potentially scalable to industrial processes and require only low-priced reagents, thus dramatically lowering production costs on both laboratory and industrial scale. The yield of recombinant MNEI in these conditions was the highest to date from E. coli cultures, reaching on average ~180 mg/L of culture, versus typical LB/IPTG yields of about 30 mg/L.
Extended infrared response of InAsSb strained-layer superlattices (1988)

Strained-layer superlattices of InAsSb were grown with low densities of dislocations and microcracks for optical characterization to determine the suitability of these structures for infrared photodetectors. Infrared transmission measurements revealed absorption throughout the 8–12 μm region and extended to longer wavelengths than predicted from consideration of the tensile strain-induced band-gap shift in a type-I superlattice. We conclude that a type-II superlattice occurs in the InAsSb system for alloy compositions &gt;60% Sb.
Receptors for Fc <i>epsilon</i> and Fc <i>gamma</i> are linked on mouse chromosome 1. (1988)

Recently isolated cDNA clones for the high affinity Fc epsilon receptors on mast cells and basophils (Fc epsilon RI alpha) and Fc gamma receptors on macrophages and lymphocytes (Fc gamma 2b/gamma 1R) are homologous members of the Ig supergene family. Analysis of the segregation of restriction fragment length polymorphism in crosses of inbred mice now establish that the structural genes encoding both Fc epsilon RI alpha and Fc gamma 2b/gamma 1R are indeed discrete genes and are linked at the distal end of mouse chromosome 1. This finding raises the possibility that a family of Fc receptors could be found in a region that is known to contain immunologically important markers of lymphocyte surface Ag and autoimmune defects.
Automatic Learning to Detect Concept Drift (2021)

Many methods have been proposed to detect concept drift, i.e., the change in the distribution of streaming data, due to concept drift causes a decrease in the prediction accuracy of algorithms. However, the most of current detection methods are based on the assessment of the degree of change in the data distribution, cannot identify the type of concept drift. In this paper, we propose Active Drift Detection with Meta learning (Meta-ADD), a novel framework that learns to classify concept drift by tracking the changed pattern of error rates. Specifically, in the training phase, we extract meta-features based on the error rates of various concept drift, after which a meta-detector is developed via a prototypical neural network by representing various concept drift classes as corresponding prototypes. In the detection phase, the learned meta-detector is fine-tuned to adapt to the corresponding data stream via stream-based active learning. Hence, Meta-ADD uses machine learning to learn to detect concept drifts and identify their types automatically, which can directly support drift understand. The experiment results verify the effectiveness of Meta-ADD.
New Physicians Setting Up a Rural Practice: It Isn't Easy (1986)

New physicians encounter more problems in setting up a rural practice than an urban one, according to a recent study of Georgia physicians. The problems for rural doctors range from inadequate hospital facilities to a sense of isolation from colleagues to unmet needs of other family members. Some of the problems can be mitigated by physician groups and community groups working together.
qian xi ru he zai neng li ben wei jiao yu xia gou jian gao zhi yuan xiao ke cheng ti xi (2011)

能力本位教育是一种职业教育思想,它以学生为中心,强调学生职业能力的培养和提高.本文就构建高等职业教育能力本位课程体系时,如何解决好教学目标确定、课程的设置及组织的选择、课程目标的评价、和课程体系的构建几个问题作出阐述,并指出构建中必须注意的问题.