gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aboriginal Workers in the Australian Agricultural Company, 1824-1857 (2002)

This article documents failed attempts by the an early nineteenth century pastoral enterprise to implement a British factory model of labour relations and traces the emergence of a distinctively Australian work culture which incorporated Aboriginal labour. In a radical departure from earlier work which variously stressed the destructive impact of pastoral capital, Aboriginal resistance to colonisation and coloniser-indigene 'accommodation', it is argued that there was an accord between work rhythms in subsistence economies and the attributes required of pastoral workers in the early colonial period. In a detailed analysis of recruitment, organisation, productivity and remuneration, the author argues that Aboriginal engagement with pastoral capital was purposefully designed to maintain contact with country and that Aboriginal workers were the most productive employees in the corporation.
New recommendations for eldelry care provisions (1998)

The plight of the forgotten elderly seems to be of no great concern and yet surely we have a duty to care for this generation who has reared us or our parents. The NHS and Community Care Act 1992 was heralded as the panacea which would overcome fragmentation and ensure effective case management. However, the reality has turned out rather differently with ongoing confusion concerning what constitutes social care vs what situations and cases warrant health care. Many questions regarding care of the elderly remain unanswered, i.e. with whom or to which organization does the responsibility for care provision rest?
Combination of urokinase and alteplase in the treatment of myocardial infarction (1991)

The objective of this multicenter open-label study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the simultaneous intravenous administration of urokinase and alteplase infused over 60 minutes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In 129 analyzable patients treated within 6 hours of symptom onset, coronary angiography was performed 90 minutes after the start of the infusion (127 patients) and again at 7 to 10 days (119 patients). Coronary angiograms were analyzed by a core laboratory in a blinded fashion. Patients were consecutively enrolled into five treatment groups: Group I (25 patients) received alteplase, 20 mg, and urokinase, 2.0 mU; Group II (27 patients) received alteplase, 40 mg, and urokinase, 1.0 mU; Group III (28 patients) received alteplase, 50 mg, and urokinase, 1.0 mU; Group IV (25 patients) received alteplase, 50 mg, and urokinase, 2.0 mU; Group V (27 patients) received alteplase, 1 mg/kg, and urokinase, 1.0 mU. Aspirin and heparin were given to all patients. Patency rates of the infarct-related artery at 90 minutes after start of thrombolytic treatment were 63% (Group I), 80% (Group II), 75% (Group III), 71% (Group IV), and 65% (Group V). The patency of the infarct-related artery at 90 minutes did not differ significantly between treatment groups (P=0.662). Patency rates at the follow-up evaluation were 88%, 83%, 96%, 85%, and 92% in Groups I to V, respectively (P=0.494). The patency rates achieved by the combined administration of urokinase and alteplase in the doses employed in this study are high but do not appear to be superior to those obtained with the recommended dose of each drug alone and the reocclusion rates seem to be low. The combination therapy in this pilot trial appears to be safe and associated with a low in-hospital mortality.
Three-Dimensional Apollonian Packing as a Model for Dense Granular Systems (1995)

An iterative procedure according to which new spheres are inserted between existing ones is realized for computer simulation of dense granular systems. The method is based on the rigorous geometrical Voronoi-Delaunay approach generalized for pore volume analysis inside an ensemble of polydisperse hard spheres [N. N. Medvedev, Dokl. Akad. Nauk 337, 767 (1994)] [Dokl. Phys. Chem. 337, 157 (1994)]]. Models with packing fraction $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\sim}0.9$ are constructed. The particle size distribution and fractal nature of the packings are investigated. The fractal dimension $D=2.45$ is obtained.
A 70–100 GHz Direct-Conversion Transmitter and Receiver Phased Array Chipset Demonstrating 10 Gb/s Wireless Link (2013)

A transmitter and receiver phased array chipset is demonstrated in the range between 70 and 100 GHz using a 0.18 µm SiGe BiCMOS process with <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{T}/f_{MAX}$</tex> </formula> of 240/270 GHz. Each chip comprises four phased array elements with distributed calibration memory and calibrated direct up- and down-conversion mixer chain. Each receive channel has a conversion gain of 33 dB and noise figure of < 7 dB from 75–95 GHz. Each transmit channel has a flat saturated output power of > 5 dBm between 70 and 100 GHz. Both transmitter and receiver arrays operate from 1.5 V and 2.5 V power supplies and consume 1 W each. Using a die-on-PCB prototype with integrated antennas, a wireless link operating at 10 Gb/s (using 16-QAM) or 8.75 Gb/s (using 32-QAM) is demonstrated at a distance of 1-meter with a carrier frequency of 88 GHz.
Expression of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> <i>lacZ</i> Gene on a Plasmid Vector in a Cyanobacterium (1985)

A biphasic plasmid vector was used to introduce the Escherichia coli K-12 lac operon into the unicellular cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum PR-6. The PR-6 transformants expressed beta-galactosidase at nearly as high a level as did Escherichia coli transformants. In order to accomplish this, it was necessary to obtain PR-6 mutants that could be transformed by plasmids with unmodified recognition sites for the endogenous PR-6 restriction endonuclease Aqu I. These mutants were generated by a variation of the ectopic mutagenesis techniques that have been used in other naturally transforming bacteria. The ability to assay the expression of lacZ in PR-6 paves the way for the construction of gene fusions with various PR-6 promoters and quantitation of their expression under specific in vivo conditions.
Transient gene delivery for functional enrichment of differentiating embryonic stem cells (2008)

There is a critical need for new sources of hepatocytes, both clinically to provide support for patients with liver failure and in drug discovery for toxicity, metabolic and pharmacokinetic screening of new drug entities. We have reported previously a variety of methods for differentiating murine embryonic stem (ES) cells into hepatocyte-like cells. One major challenge of our work and others in the field has been the ability to selectively purify and enrich these cells from a heterogeneous population. Traditional approaches for inserting new genes (e.g., stable transfection, knock-in, retroviral transduction) involve permanent alterations in the genome. These approaches can lead to mutations and involve the extra costs and time of developing, validating and maintaining new cell lines. We have developed a transient gene delivery system that uses fluorescent gene reporters for purification of the cells. Following a transient transfection, the cells are purified through a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), re-plated in secondary culture and subsequent phenotypic analysis is performed. In an effort to test the ability of the reporters to work in a transient environment for our differentiation system, we engineered two non-viral plasmid reporters, the first driven by the mouse albumin enhancer/promoter and the second by the mouse cytochrome P450 7A1 (Cyp7A1) promoter. We optimized the transfection efficiency of delivering these genes into spontaneously differentiated ES cells and sorted independent fractions positive for each reporter 17 days after inducing differentiation. We found that cells sorted based on the Cyp7A1 promoter showed significant enrichment in terms of albumin secretion, urea secretion and cytochrome P450 1A2 detoxification activity as compared to enrichment garnered by the albumin promoter-based cell sort. Development of gene reporter systems that allow us to identify, purify and assess homogeneous populations of cells is important in better understanding stem cell differentiation pathways. And engineering cellular systems without making permanent gene changes will be critical for the generation of clinically acceptable cellular material in the future.
The influence of the ligands on the catalytic activity of a series of Rh<sup>I</sup> complexes in reactions with phenylacetylene: Synthesis of stereoregular poly(phenyl) acetylene (1989)

Abstract The catalytic activity of a series of [Rh L‐L chel]X complexes, in which we have varied the unsaturated ligand [L‐L = cis, cis ‐cycloocta 1,5‐diene(cod) or 2,5‐norbornadiene(nbd) the nitrogen chelating ligand [chel = 2,2′‐bipyridine(bipy), 2,2′‐dipyridylamine(dipyam), 2,2′‐bipyrazine (bipz), 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐Me 2 bipy)] and the counter ion [X = PF 6 , ClO 4 , BPh 4 ], has been examined in reactions with phyenylacetylene (PA). The catalytic behaviour of the [Rh(cod)Cl 2 ],tmeda (tmeda = N,N,N′,N′tetramethylethylendiamine), [Rh(cod)Cl 2 ],teda] (teda = triethylendiamine), of the dimer [Rh(cod)Cl] 2 , and the use of NaOH as cocatalyst in different reaction conditions was also examined. The influence of the ligands on the catalytic activity of these Rh I complexes is discussed. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra have shown that highly stereoregular polyphenylacetilene can be obtained. Conditions for homogeneous doping of PPA, to obtain materials whose conductivity varies over 10–11 magnitude orders, are proposed. The stability of the doped polymers is also discussed.
Introduction: Canadian Perspectives in Ethnomusicology (1999)

Introduction: Canadian Perspectives in Ethnomusicology. Un article de la revue Canadian University Music Review / Revue de musique des universités canadiennes (Canadian Perspectives in Ethnomusicology) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.
Facilitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors on Hypogastric Nerve-Evoked Urethral Contractions in the Cat: A Prominent Role of Urethral<i>β</i>-Adrenergic Receptors (1994)

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), such as imipramine, are well-accepted for the treatment of urinary incontinence and enuresis, but their mechanism of action remains undefined due to their multiple pharmacological actions. To explore only the contribution imparted by sympathomimetic effects on the urethra by norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibition, two selective NE reuptake inhibitors (nisoxetine and tomoxetine) that possess no antimuscarinic or serotonergic properties were examined for their effects on sympathetic hypogastric nerve (HgN) evoked urethral contractions in chloralose anesthetized cats. Under control conditions, HgN stimulation produced a biphasic response composed of a consistent initial contraction that was prazosin- (alpha adrenergic antagonist) sensitive, followed by a more variable relaxation that was propranolol- (beta adrenergic antagonist) sensitive. Unexpectedly, nisoxetine (0.03 to 1.0 mg./kg. intravenously, n = 6) and tomoxetine (0.3 to 3 mg./kg. intravenously, n = 3) produced decreases (about 50% to 60% of control) in HgN-evoked contractions. These inhibitory effects of the reuptake inhibitors were reversed by propranolol. In cats that were pretreated with propranolol, nisoxetine produced a significant increase in HgN-evoked contractions. In conclusion, these results indicate that inhibition of NE reuptake into the sympathetic nerve terminal produces a relative increase in the activation of beta adrenergic receptors compared with alpha adrenergic receptors in the urethra. This increased beta receptor stimulation might be due to a greater diffusion of NE away from the neuro-effector junction to extrajunctional sites following blockade of junctional reuptake. These findings should highlight the importance of urethral beta adrenergic receptors, which is not well-recognized in the literature.
Second breakdown in power transistors due to avalanche injection (1976)

Second breakdown in power transistors continues to be an actively discussed subject. Although there is general agreement that the lateral thermal instability model adequately explains forward bias second breakdown, it fails to explain the reverse bias failure mechanism. The thermal initiation and electrical initiation processes have been successful in explaining only some aspects of this phenomena. This paper studies the subject of reverse bias second breakdown both experimentally and analytically. It is seen that there is excellent correlation between theory and experiment. The conclusion of this investigation is that avalanche injection is the triggering mechanism. Further, the filamentary currents that result from this can in most cases result in device failure. It is also concluded that under fixed circuit conditions, the reverse bias second breakdown potential of a transistor is completely specified by the single parameter V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> which is the voltage necessary for avalanche injection.
A historicidade e o sucesso do “socialismo de mercado” chinês (2009)

Para a filosofia clássica chinesa, quando uma pessoa chega aos 60 anos chega um sinal que indica maturidade na vida terrena. Neste sentido, são altamente pertinentes a busca por respostas menos superficiais e capazes de ajudar-nos em algo que também buscamos ao trilhar o caminho brasileiro de transição ao socialismo. Serenidade, visão de processo histórico e o tato político como marca registrada daqueles que enxergam no movimento político imediato algo passivo de tratamento científico. Neste sentido, tendo a transição como uma categoria filosófica a ser cada vez mais degustada e trabalhada, tentarei – nestas curtas linhas – mapear o caminho do sucesso inerente ao “socialismo de mercado” na China.
SmartBuild–A truly plug-n-play modular microfluidic system (2008)

In this Technical Note, for the first time, a truly "plug-n-play" modular microfluidic system (SmartBuild Plug-n-Play Modular Microfluidic System) is presented for designing and building integrated modular microfluidic systems for biological and chemical applications. The modular microfluidic system can be built by connecting multiple microfluidic components together to form a larger integrated system. The SmartBuild System comprises of a motherboard with interconnect channels/grooves, fitting components, microchannel inserts with different configurations and microchips/modules with different functionalities. Also, heaters, micropumps and valving systems can be designed and used in the system. Examples of an integrated mixing system and reaction systems are presented here to demonstrate the versatility of the SmartBuild System.
Parametric binaural synthesis: Background, applications and standards (2010)

The amount of information present in HRTFs and the required processing capabilities for real-time and inter-active binaural rendering have long been a challenge for many applications for binaural rendering. More recently, parametric methods to capture the perceptually-relevant information from HRTFs have been developed. By means of extracting perceptually-relevant attributes from HRTF pairs, binaural rendering can be performed at lower complexity compared to the employment of HRTF convolution. Furthermore, parameter-based binaural rendering can be effiently integrated with parametric audio coders. Last but not least, parametric spatial processing can be used to provide a more convincing spatial reproduction for conventional stereo signals. This paper provides an overview of the perceptual consequences and limitations of HRTF parameterization, its applications, and relevant standardization efforts.
Alterations in Plasma and CSF Amino Acids, Amines and Metabolites in Hepatic Coma (1978)

The dog with an end-to-side portacaval shunt (PCS) has been extensively used as a model to investigate hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as it demonstrates a plasma amino acid pattern similar to patients with chronic liver disease. In adult mongrel dogs, the effect of PCS on plasma and CSF amino acids, octopamine (OCT), phenylethanolamine (PEA) and CSF 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), were studied. Moreover, the effect of correction of plasma amino acids by infusional techniques was investigated.Tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine levels increased dramatically during the development of HE in plasma and CSF, while valine, leucine and isoleucine decreased in plasma only, but CSF levels remained stable. Plasma and CSF octopamine and phenylethanolamine and CSF 5-HIAA increased markedly as clinical features in the dogs' behavior, characteristic of hepatic encephalopathy occurred, including hypersalivation, ataxia, flapping tremor, somnolence and finally coma. Once in coma, the dogs were infused with an amino acid mixture (F080) calculated to normalize the plasma amino acid pattern. After one to eight hours, the dogs began to awake. Simultaneously, blood, and CSF aromatic amino acids returned to their control values, as did OCT, PEA and CSF 5-HIAA. If F080 infusion was stopped, biochemical alterations would appear within one week, again accompanied by clinical hepatic encephalopathy.The results indicate that the altered levels of aromatic and branched chain amino acids, octopamine and PEA in plasma and CSF correlate well with the development of HE and that correction of the plasma amino acid abnormalities improves encephalopathy simultaneously with correction of neurotransmitter derangements in CSF.
Superoxide dismutase mimics as future therapeutics (1999)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes are ubiquitous in living things. These enzymes serve a vital role in defending oxygen-utilising life forms from oxidative damage. As a commercial human therapeutic, the enzyme SOD has been used to treat arthritis, inflammation and the side-effects of radiation treatment. Superoxide dismutase mimics (SODm) have been developed for the treatment of many diseases which involve an excess of superoxide. In this review, the advantages of using an SODm will be addressed as well as methods for measuring SOD activity. The SODm in current patent literature including manganese salen complexes, manganese porphyrin complexes, manganese pentaaza macrocyclic complexes, copper complexes, and nitroxides, will be compared based on available physical and biological data. The activity of these mimics has been measured directly or indirectly to determine catalytic rates and in efficacy studies ranging from cell cultures to animal studies. SODm have been investigated in animal models for a variety of indications including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ischaemia-reperfusion injury, thrombosis, and inflammation. A summary of the results of biological assays and models used in testing SODm is provided in this review. While SODm have not yet entered clinical trials, some of these compounds are highly promising as future therapeutics.
Theoretical investigations of electro-optical synchronisation of self-pulsating laser diodes (1996)

The synchronisation mechanism of self-pulsating laser diodes is determined and it is shown how this results in a frequency-dependent phase difference between the electrical input and optical output. The time-to-lock of the electrical input to the optical output is examined, particularly with regard to the importance of the initial phase difference between the signals. The effect of synchronisation on timing jitter in self-pulsating lasers is also investigated.
Multi-objective data placement for multi-cloud socially aware services (2014)

Socially aware services often have a large user base and data of users have to be partitioned and replicated over multiple geographically distributed clouds. Choosing in which cloud to place data, however, is difficult. Effective data placements entail meeting multiple system objectives, including reducing the usage of cloud resources, providing good service quality to users, and even minimizing the carbon footprint, while facing critical challenges such as the interconnection of social data, the conflicting requirements of different objectives, and the customized multi-cloud data access policies. In this paper, we study multi-objective optimization for placing users' data over multiple clouds for socially aware services. We build a model framework that can accommodate a range of different objectives, and based on this model we formulate the optimization problem. Leveraging graph cuts, we propose an optimization approach that decomposes our original problem into two simpler subproblems and solves them alternately in multiple rounds. We carry out evaluations using a large group of real-world geographically distributed users with realistic interactions, and place users' data over 10 clouds all across the US. We demonstrate results that are significantly superior to standard and de facto methods in all objectives, and also show that our approach is capable of exploring trade-offs among objectives, converges fast and scales to a huge user base.
IEEE 802.11, 802.15 and 802.16 for Mesh Networks (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Approaches to Wireless Mesh Networks in IEEE and Industry Extensions to IEEE 802 MAC Protocols – Homogeneous Multi-hop Networks Extensions to IEEE 802 MAC Protocols for Heterogeneous Multi-hop Networks Conclusion
Ester alkoxylation technology (1999)

Abstract Conventional ethyoxylation technologies, when used on fatty methyl esters, produce poor yields as well as flat ethoxymer distributions. Peaking ethoxylation catalysts have been successful in efficient conversion of methyl esters into the ethoxylates possessing peaked ethoxymer distribution. Surfactant performance of methyl ester ethoxylates was evaluated. Results generally show these to behave similarly to alcohol ethoxylates, with the exception of exhibiting a lower foam profile. This ester ethoxylation technology has been successful in ethoxylating esters of varying steric environments. Triglyceride ethoxylates have been partially saponified as well as glucaminolyzed to produce mild surfactant blends.