gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fast Algorithm for Computing the Colour Gamuts of Subtractive Colour Mixtures (1989)

In colour photography, the need to compute colour gamuts for the evaluation of the spectral distribution of dyes used in colour reproduction makes fast and accurate algorithms to achieve this computation valuable.Presented here is an exceptionally fast algorithm used to compute the colour gamuts of subtractive colour mixtures such as in reversal films and colour print materials. The algorithm is based on the correspondence of dye amount space and colour space.
Effects of early tangential excision and grafting on survival after burn injury. (1991)

This report quantifies the increase of burn survival, which we believe is associated with the use of early tangential excision and grafting as opposed to conventional therapy in adult patients with burns. To quantify the increase, we compared the lethal area 50 of various age groups with that of previous historical studies that used other techniques. These data suggest that early excision and grafting are associated with a marked improvement in survival in patients 41 to 60 years of age with 20 to 65 per cent total body surface area burns.
Characterization of Both Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathways in <i>Schizochytrium</i> sp. (2009)

Schizochytrium produces long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a PUFA synthase. Targeted mutagenesis of one gene of this synthase was conducted to confirm PUFA synthase function and determine its metabolic necessity. The resulting mutants were auxotrophic and required supplementation with PUFAs. In vivo labeling experiments with radioactive fatty acids demonstrated the presence of several elongase and desaturase activities associated with the standard pathway of PUFA synthesis. However, this system was missing a critical Delta12 desaturase activity and was therefore not capable of synthesizing PUFAs from the 16- or 18-carbon saturated fatty acid products of the fatty acid synthase. Because Schizochytrium uses a PUFA synthase system for the production of PUFAs, the existence of a partial desaturase-elongase system (if not a simple vestige) is suggested to be either a scavenging mechanism for intermediate fatty acids prematurely released by the PUFA synthase or for PUFAs found in the organism's native environment.
Defoliation Effects on Corn Hybrids Adapted to the Northern Corn Belt<sup>1</sup> (1977)

Abstract Hail damage to corn ( Zea mays L.) in the northern corn belt is assessed using loss charts based upon research conducted in the central corn belt. We conducted an experiment to determine the effect of leaf blade defoliation at varying stages of development on corn grain yield, test weight, kernel weight, shelling percentage, and ear moisture content at harvest. Plants were completely defoliated (blade only) at the five‐leaf stage (LS). Both 50 and 100% of leaf blades were removed at 13 LS, tasseling, early milk, and full dent growth stages. The 3‐year study included two hybrids, a full‐season [115 relative maturity (RM)] and a short‐season (90 RM) hybrid. Complete leaf removal of the 90‐RM hybrid at the five LS caused an average 48% grain yield increase compared with no defoliation. The same treatment caused an average 7% yield reduction of the 115‐RM hybrid. At later defoliation dates, grain yield reductions were greater for plants that were 100% defoliated than for plants that were 50% defoliated. The yield responses to defoliation at various stages of development for both 50 and 100% leaf blade removal were similar for the 90‐ and 115‐RM hybrids. Although yield reductions were comparable when the two hybrids were 100% defoliated for all stages of development, 50% defoliation did not cause as great a yield reduction on the 90‐RM hybrid as it did on the 115‐RM hybrid. In general, observed grain yield losses from defoliation after the five LS were similar to those given in loss charts used by crop‐hail insurance adjusters. Kernel weight, test weight, and shelling percentage were not affected when plants were defoliated, either 90 or 100%, prior to tasseling. Leaf removal after tasseling, especially 100%, lowered kernel weight, test weight, and shelling percentage of both hybrids. We did not record kernel number per ear which must account for the yield increase resulting from five LS defoliation because kernel size and ear number per plot were not affected. In general, ear moisture content at harvest was slightly increased due to defoliation imposed prior to tasseling and decreased due to defoliation after tasseling which indicates defoliation before tasseling slightly delayed maturity and defoliation after tasseling hastened maturity, as measured by ear moisture content at harvest.
Studies on Chrysanthemic Acid (1956)

Journal Article Studies on Chrysanthemic Acid: Part III. Oxidation and Reduction Products of Chrysanthemic Acid Get access Masanao Matsui, Masanao Matsui Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kyohei Yamashita, Kyohei Yamashita Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masateru Miyano, Masateru Miyano Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Seiichi Kitamuka, Seiichi Kitamuka Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshio Suzuki, Yoshio Suzuki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michiko Hamuro Michiko Hamuro Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan, Volume 20, Issue 2, 1 April 1956, Pages 89–94, https://doi.org/10.1080/03758397.1956.10857311 Published: 01 April 1956 Article history Published: 01 April 1956 Received: 20 April 1956
Masticatory function in patients with xerostomia (1996)

The effects of reduced salivary output in patients suffering from xerostomia on masticatory function has not been previously studied. This study compares masticatory performance and kinematic activity of patients suffering from xerostomia with age-, sex-, and number of occluding pairs-matched healthy controls. Masticatory function was evaluated by assessment of chewing motion and muscle activity during chewing an artificial food (CutterSil), chewing gum and swallowing a bolus of almond. Chewing motion was recorded with the Optotrak computer system. Bilateral muscle activity of both masseter and anterior temporalis was recorded using surface electrodes. Results of this study revealed significant differences between patients and controls in their ability to process food and masticatory muscle activity. The majority of patients could not break down the artificial food, others had a larger median particle size than the controls. A significant difference was also observed in the number of chewing cycles required to swallow almonds, the patients required more than twice as many chews as the controls, P < 0.001. The right masseter muscle displayed significantly less activity for the patient than the controls. These findings suggest that patients with xerostomia exhibit reduced ability to process food. The observed decline in masticatory performance is probably due to reduced activity of the muscles of mastication.
High-power picosecond laser pulse recirculation (2010)

We demonstrate a nonlinear crystal-based short pulse recirculation cavity for trapping the second harmonic of an incident high-power laser pulse. This scheme aims to increase the efficiency and flux of Compton-scattering-based light sources. We demonstrate up to 40x average power enhancement of frequency-doubled submillijoule picosecond pulses, and 17x average power enhancement of 177 mJ, 10 ps, 10 Hz pulses.
Vibrotactile Feedback for Information Delivery in the Vehicle (2010)

As technology advances, more functions have been, and continue to be added to the vehicle, resulting in increased needs for improved user interfaces. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using vibrotactile feedback for in-vehicle information delivery. First, we measured the spectral characteristics of ambient vibrations in a vehicle, and designed clearly distinguishable sinusoidal vibrations. We further selected via dissimilarity rating the four sets of sinusoidal vibrations which had three to six vibrations. Second, we evaluated the learnability of the vibration sets when associated with common menu items of a Driver Information System (DIS). We also replaced the two most confused sinusoidal vibrations with patterned messages, and assessed the degree of learnability improvement. Finally, we evaluated the extent to which participants could select a desired function in a DIS via vibrotactile messages while simultaneously performing a driving-like primary task with higher priority. The results demonstrated high potential for vibrotactile messages to be effectively used for the communicative transfer of in-vehicle system information.
Thermionic emission cooling in single barrier heterostructures (1999)

Nonisothermal transport in InGaAsP-based heterostructure integrated thermionic coolers is investigated experimentally. Cooling on the order of a degree over 1 μm thick barriers has been observed. This method can be used to enhance thermoelectric properties of semiconductors beyond what can be achieved with the conventional Peltier effect.
A parallel implementation of a multisensor feature-based range-estimation method (1994)

There are many proposed vision based methods to perform obstacle detection and avoidance for autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles. A system capable of supporting autonomous helicopter navigation will need to extract obstacle information from imagery at rates varying from ten images per second to thirty or more images per second depending on the vehicle speed. This paper describes an efficient and flexible parallel implementation of a multisensor feature-based range-estimation algorithm, targeted for automated helicopter flight. The algorithm can track hundreds of features in multiple image sensors using an extended Kalman filter to estimate the feature's location in a master sensor coordinate frame. The feature-tracking algorithm has reached relative maturity in the laboratory and is now being ported to several real-time architectures to support autonomous helicopter navigation research, The focus of this paper is not the core theory of the vision algorithm itself, but those aspects of it that affect the method of parallelization. The performance of the parallel algorithm is analyzed, with respect to three load balancing schemes, on both a distributed-memory and shared-memory parallel computer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Accurate closed-form expressions for the frequency-dependent line parameters of on-chip interconnects on lossy silicon substrate (2002)

Accurate closed-form expressions for the complete frequency-dependent R, L, G, C line parameters of microstrip lines on lossy silicon substrate are presented. The closed-form expressions for the frequency-dependent series impedance parameters are obtained using a complex image method. The frequency-dependent shunt admittance parameters are expressed in closed form in terms of the shunt capacitances obtained in the low and high frequency limits. The proposed closed-form solutions are shown to be in good agreement with the electromagnetic solutions.
Monitoring the cell number and viability of<i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i>GCL1001 in human feces by PCR methods (2004)

Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested reverse transcription (RT) PCR were applied to demonstrate the viability of lactobacilli in the feces of volunteers fed fermented milk containing lactobacilli. Two sets of specific primers and a TaqMan probe for real-time PCR were constructed using the S-layer gene as a target. After fermented milk ingestion, Lactobacillus helveticus GCL1001 was detected in the feces of 12 volunteers over a few days, with the maximum number being between 10(4.5) and 10(7.8) cells g(-1) of feces. Moreover, mRNA from this strain was detected in the feces of all volunteers by nested RT-PCR. The results show that these methods are applicable to the demonstration of bacterial viability in feces, and that ingested L. helveticus GCL1001 can survive through the gastrointestinal tract.
Gene structure, promoter activity, and chromosomal location of the DR-nm23 gene, a related member of the nm23 gene family. (1997)

DR-nm23 cDNA was cloned recently by differential screening of a cDNA library derived from chronic myelogenous leukemia-blast crisis primary cells. It is highly homologous to the putative metastasis suppressor nm23-H1 gene and the closely related nm23-H2 gene. When overexpressed in the myeloid precursor 32Dcl3 cell line, it inhibited granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-stimulated granulocytic differentiation and induced apoptosis. We have now found that the expression of DR-nm23 is not restricted to hematopoietic cells but is also detected in an array of solid tumor cell lines, including carcinoma of the breast, colon, and prostate, as well as the glioblastoma cell line T98G. We have also isolated both the gene and its 5'-flanking region and found that DR-nm23 localizes on chromosome 16q13. The gene consists of six exons and five introns. When fused in-frame to the nucleotide sequence for the green fluorescent protein and transfected in SAOS-2 cells, it generates a protein of the predicted size that localizes to the cytoplasm. The 5'-flanking region of DR-nm23 does not contain a canonical TATA box or a CAAT box, but it is G+C rich and contains two binding sites for the developmentally regulated transcription factor activator protein 2 (AP-2). Transient expression assays of DR-nm23 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs demonstrated that the segment from nucleotides -1028 to +123 has the highest activity in hematopoietic K562 cells and in TK-ts13 hamster fibroblasts. Moreover, AP-2 induced a 3-fold transactivation of the DR-nm23 5'-flanking segment from nucleotides -1676 to +123 and interacted specifically with oligomers containing putative AP-2 binding sites (-936 to -909, and -548 to -519) as indicated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Furthermore, nuclear run-on assays from high and low DR-nm23-expressing cells (K562 and CCRF-CEM, respectively) revealed similar transcription rates. Therefore, the regulation of the DR-nm23 gene expression might involve other mechanisms occurring at posttranscriptional and/or translational levels.
Enduracidin, a New Antibiotic. VIII. Structures of Enduracidins A and B (1973)

From the structural investigation of acidic products obtained by hydrolysis of enduracidins and tetrahydroenduracidins, 10-methylundeca-2 (cis)-4 (trans)-dienoic acid (V) and (+)-10-methyldodeca-2 (cis)-4 (trans)-dienoic acid (VI) were found to be constituent of enduracidins A and B, respectively. Consequently, the structural difference between enduracidins A and B was proved to be present in their unsaturated fatty acid moieties, and their full structures were assumed to be as shown in Fig. 10.
Approximation Schemes for 0-1 Knapsack (2018)

We revisit the standard 0-1 knapsack problem. The latest polynomial-time approximation scheme by Rhee (2015) with approximation factor 1+eps has running time near O(n+(1/eps)^{5/2}) (ignoring polylogarithmic factors), and is randomized. We present a simpler algorithm which achieves the same result and is deterministic. With more effort, our ideas can actually lead to an improved time bound near O(n + (1/eps)^{12/5}), and still further improvements for small n.
Multiresolution video coding for HDTV (2002)

The paper presents a multiresolution video compression technique for HDTV. The technique of multiresolution encoding in the context of a DPCM encoder loop with motion estimation and compensation is described. The quantizer is presented in more detail since it uses techniques based on the human visual system for bit rate control. Results from simulations of HDTV coding at different bit rates are presented. It is shown that subband or multiresolution coding techniques offer a viable alternative to the more conventional discrete cosine transform (DCT) based coding while resulting in video sequences which are free of block effects at low bit rates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
COMMERCIAL LIGNINS (I) (1950)

Lignins from a number of sources are now being produced in commercial quantities in the United States from pulp mill wastes and from bark. Progress in the utilization of lignin is encouraging even though so far only a relatively small part of the amounts now being burned or wasted get to the market. The academic distinction between fundamental and applied research is being rapidly breached, establishing the properties of lignins as a basis for research in new applications. Properties such as surface activity, adhesion, rubber reinforcing, etc. are entering into promising industrial phases.Lignin is produced in tremendous quantities in nature. It is the second most abundant component of practically all plant life, amounting to about 25% of most woods and 12-15% of most annual crops, both farm and wild.That such an abundant raw material has been the subject of many scientific investigations is not surprising. In addition, it has been the target for discussion by many writers and prognosticators during the last two decades. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to determine its exact chemical structure. More important perhaps are the numerous attempts to develop uses for lignin, particularly where its disposal is a nuisance in certain manufacturing operations. Only in the last twenty-five years has there been any marked success in consuming even some of the annoying wastes. The great bulk of the lignin available is, however, still untouched.The function of lignin in plant life is not clear. Even its method of combination is a subject of considerable discussion. In 1947, during the first known conference specifically aimed at a discussion of lignin chemistry and utilization held by the Northeastern Wood Utilization Council (New Haven, Conn.) it was pointed out that information was still meager. Controversial discussions occur even on our basic knowledge of the subject.
Self-assembling peptide nanofiber vaccines elicit robust cytotoxic T cell responses (P4515) (2013)

Abstract Vaccines that elicit robust CTL responses are desirable for protection against infectious diseases and cancer. However, clinical vaccine adjuvants like alum elicit robust antibody responses but poor T cell responses. We recently reported that self-assembling peptides that form nanofibers in physiological buffers act as powerful immune adjuvants. When peptide antigens (OVA323-339) were linked to self-assembling peptides, strong adjuvant-free and antigen-specific antibody responses were observed in mice. The protective efficacy of antibodies induced with self-assembling peptide vaccines, was confirmed in a murine malaria model. In this study, we investigated whether self-assembling peptides bearing a CD8+ T cell epitope (OVA257-264) would elicit antigen-specific effector and memory T cell responses. Our results indicate that OVA257-264-nanofibers elicit significantly higher levels of antigen-specific T cells, IFN-γ, and protected against OVA-influenza compared to alum or IFA. These results suggest that self-assembling peptide nanofibers may be useful as adjuvants for vaccines where CD8+ T cell-mediated protection is desirable.
Targeted recruitment of a histone H4-specific methyltransferase by the transcription factor YY1 (2003)

Methylation of specific residues within the N-terminal histone tails plays a critical role in regulating eukaryotic gene expression. Although great advances have been made toward identifying histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and elucidating the consequences of histone methylation, little is known about the recruitment of HMTs to regulatory regions of chromatin. Here we report that the sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) binds to and recruits the histone H4 (Arg 3)-specific methyltransferase, PRMT1, to a YY1-activated promoter. Our data confirm that histone methylation does not occur randomly but rather is a targeted event and provides one mechanism by which HMTs can be recruited to chromatin to activate gene expression.
Development of monoclonal antibodies suitable for use in antigen quantification potency tests for clostridial veterinary vaccines. (1999)

The quality control testing of clostridial veterinary vaccines currently requires large numbers of animals. Alternative in vitro test methods are being investigated by researchers in industry and by regulatory authorities in many countries. Monoclonal antibodies that neutralize Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin, C. perfringens beta toxin, C. perfringens epsilon toxin, and C. sordellii lethal toxin as well as a monoclonal antibody directed against C. chauvoei flagellar antigen have been developed by the Center for Veterinary Biologics-Laboratory for use in antigen quantification assays. A proposal to create an international standard collection of clostridial-specific monoclonal antibodies is made.
A STEREOSCOPIC FIXATION ATTACHMENT FOR THE PERIMETER (1933)

Not infrequently the ophthalmologist desires to make an accurate study of the peripheral fields of an eye which has lost central vision. Charting of the central and paracentral fields is accurately done with stereoscopic instruments. Without binocular fixation field measurements are made with great difficulty and questionable precision when the patient cannot fix the eye under test. Several devices have been developed for use in fixing the eye with a central scotoma, but they are, to my knowledge, hard to adjust, and the results are inaccurate. The old time method of placing the end of the index finger of the right hand (if the patient is right-handed) on the point of fixation and then instructing the patient to direct the eye to that point is still in use. This simple method, which seems to me to be as accurate as any of the mechanical devices and attachments, is still open