gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of feedback gain vector of two-state basic PWM multifeedback regulators for large-signal stability (1997)

A method for determining boundaries on the feedback gains in a switching regulator with multiple feedback, in order to ensure stability for large changes in the load values, is developed. Using an original approach for time-domain analysis, a large-signal, nonlinear, discrete-time model of the closed-loop converter is obtained; the model's equations are expressed in disturbances of the state variables due to disturbance in the load. The first step toward a global stability design is to find the constraint that ensures local stability around the operating point: the nonlinear terms (products of disturbances) are neglected in the model, the z-transform is applied to the linearized equations, and the condition that the eigenvalues are situated inside the unit circle is imposed. The nonlinear model, including the nonlinearity of the pulsewidth modulation (PWM), due to possible saturation, is then considered. A new constraint in terms of feedback gains is found in order to ensure that one and only one real equilibrium point (i.e., the quiescent operating point) exists. Putting together the constraints, boundaries on the feedback gains are found. The method is developed for converters containing two reactive elements, operating in continuous conduction mode. An example of a boost converter with inductor current and output voltage feedback is presented in detail. The large-signal stability of the design is checked by using the state-plane portrait and time-domain simulation.
A Review on the Latest Progress of Chan‐Lam Coupling Reaction (2020)

Abstract Chan‐Lam reactions hold promise as one of the most efficient synthetic methods to construct various carbon‐heteroatom or carbon‐carbon bonds. Recently, a series of Chan‐Lam reactions were developed to boost organic synthesis. Herein, we summarized the latest research and progress of Chan‐Lam coupling to illustrate its synthetic value. magnified image
Test Structure Design Considerations for RF-CV Measurements on Leaky Dielectrics (2004)

We present an MOS capacitance-voltage measurement methodology that, contrary to present methods, is highly robust against gate leakage current densities up to 1000 A/cm/sup 2/. The methodology features specially designed RF test structures and RF measurement frequencies. It allows MOS parameter extraction in the full range of accumulation, depletion, and inversion.
On the Playback Loss in the Reproduction of Phonograph Records<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J09946">*</xref>--> (1941)

A theory is set forth to explain the well known level losses, in particular of the upper frequency range, occurring in the reproduction of lateral-cut records. — The performance of a pick-up stylus with a spherical point, riding in a laterally modulated record groove, is discussed from the point of view of the elastic properties of the record material. After introducing certain permissible simplifications, the elastic deformations of the two supporting groove walls are calculated, under the influence of the steady vertical pick-up force, the stylus inertia, and the stylus stiffness. Due to the fact that both forces and geometry are different on the two walls the respective elastic deformations are also found to be different for both walls. This fact results in a displacement of the pick-up stylus from the position which it would assume in an ideally rigid record groove and is responsible for the difference between the reproduced amplitude and the recorded one. Playback loss and translation loss are thus explained and quantitatively predicted. — The discussion of the loss equation leads to a number of conclusions. It is found that in contradistinction to a theoretical pick-up with infinitely small vertical force and stylus impedance, it appears advisable to provide a practical pick-up with a definite stylus mass, in order to counteract effectively the playback loss due to the steady vertical force. The translation loss can thus be reduced to zero in systems with constant groove velocity if the pick-up constants—in particular, the stylus mass—are properly chosen. In systems with variable groove velocity (standard disk recording) the translation loss can not be made to vanish but an increase in the absolute playback level of the upper frequency range can be achieved, thus improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
Monitoring the Influence of Water and Ionic Ingress on Cover-Zone Concrete Subjected to Repeated Absorption (1996)

Abstract This paper presents data from a test program investigating water and ionic movement in the cover region of reinforced concrete under a cyclic wetting and drying regime. Experiments were conducted over an eighteen month period on slabs containing OPC and OPC with partial replacement with PFA and GGBS, with samples being exposed to water and chloride solution. Water and ionic ingress through the cover zone was monitored by means of small conductivity probes embedded within the surface of 50-mm concrete specimens. The conductivity profiles obtained from the experimental program highlight the influence of repeated absorption on water and ionic ingress, hydration, pozzolanic activity and chloride binding. A simple electrical model was used to explain the influence of pore fluid and microstructure on conductivity. Traditional methods of examination were also employed to corroborate conductivity data and included cumulative volumetric gain, coring for carbonation and chloride ingress, and drillings for chloride concentration profiles.
The Prediction of Bradykinin Potentiating Potency of Pentapeptides. An Example of a Peptide Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship. (1986)

The variation in amino acid sequence, in a set of bradykinin potentiating pentapeptides, is described by three variables per amino acid position. The variables were derived from a principal components analysis of a property matrix for the 20 coded amino acids. The resulting structure descriptor matrix describes the observed activity of the peptides to 97% by means of a multivariate partial least squares (PLS) model. It is demonstrated that this quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) can be used to predict the activity of new peptide analogs.
High-resolution carbon-13 CP/MAS NMR spectra of solid cellulose oligomers and the structure of cellulose II (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-resolution carbon-13 CP/MAS NMR spectra of solid cellulose oligomers and the structure of cellulose IIR. L. Dudley, C. A. Fyfe, P. J. Stephenson, Y. Deslandes, G. K. Hamer, and R. H. MarchessaultCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 8, 2469–2472Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00346a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00346a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views855Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Endogenous Estrogen Exposure and Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Postmenopausal Women (2002)

In this study, the authors investigated whether combined information on reproductive factors has additive value to the single reproductive factor age at menopause for assessing endogenous estrogen exposure and cardiovascular mortality risk in postmenopausal women. They conducted a population-based cohort study that included 9,450 postmenopausal women from Nijmegen, the Netherlands, who were aged 35--65 years at enrollment in 1975, with a median follow-up of 20.5 years. A Cox proportional hazards model and Receiver Operating Curves were used to analyze the data. Women aged 52 years or more at menopause had an 18% reduction in cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69, 0.98) compared with those aged 44 years or less. Women with more than 18 years of exposure to endogenous estrogen had a statistically significant 20% reduction in cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio = 0.80, 95 percent CI: 0.67, 0.96) compared with those who had 13 years of exposure or less. The area under the curve of the Receiver Operating Curves for the two models was identical (area under the curve = 0.67, 95 percent CI: 0.66, 0.68). This study shows that age at menopause is related to cardiovascular disease mortality and that a newly developed composite measure of endogenous estrogen exposure does not add to the predictive value of age at menopause for cardiovascular mortality.
A new reflective FPD technology using interferometric modulation (1997)

Abstract— The Interferometric Modulator™ (IMod™) is a micromachined, deformable optical cavity whose reflected color changes with the application of a voltage. Exhibiting switching speeds <50 kHz and prominent hysteresis, these devices show much promise as the basis for video‐rate full‐color reflective FPDs. Their development status will be presented.
In situ synthesis of silver nanocluster in AOT reverse micelles (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIn situ synthesis of silver nanocluster in AOT reverse micellesChristophe Petit, Patricia Lixon, and Marie Paule PileniCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 49, 12974–12983Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100151a054https://doi.org/10.1021/j100151a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3883Altmetric-Citations611LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
<title>Evaluation of polymeric thin-film waveguides as chemical sensors</title> (1991)

Polymeric optical waveguides were employed as sensors, based on the chemical interaction of the polymer with its environment. As the polymer preferentially absorbs chemicals from a sample matrix, the waveguiding properties of the polymeric film change. These changes in the refractive index and the thickness of the film are expressed as shifts in the waveguide propagation modes, which can be monitored to provide a very reproducible sensor signal. Because the waveguides are typically less than one micron thick, these sensors also have short response rates. An evaluation of the responses of several polymeric thin film waveguides and their cross sensitivities is presented.
A new experimental setup for high-throughput controlled non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation: application to glycine crystallization (2014)

Non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) has been a growing field of study since 1996, and more than 40 compounds including organics, inorganics and proteins have now been probed under various conditions (solvents, laser types, laser beams etc. ). The potential advantages of using this technique are significant, in particular polymorphic control. To realize these benefits, the objective is a carefully designed experimental setup and highly controlled parameters, for example temperature and energy density, in order to reduce the uncertainty regarding the origin of nucleation. In this paper, a new experimental setup designed to study NPLIN is reported. After a full technical description of the present setup, the different functionalities of this device will be illustrated through results on glycine. Glycine crystals obtained through NPLIN nucleate at the meniscus and exhibit different morphologies. The nucleation efficiency, as a function of the supersaturation of the solution used and the laser beam energy density, has also been established for a large number of samples, with all other parameters held constant.
A Generic Checkpoint-Restart Mechanism for Virtual Machines (2012)

It is common today to deploy complex software inside a virtual machine (VM). Snapshots provide rapid deployment, migration between hosts, dependability (fault tolerance), and security (insulating a guest VM from the host). Yet, for each virtual machine, the code for snapshots is laboriously developed on a per-VM basis. This work demonstrates a generic checkpoint-restart mechanism for virtual machines. The mechanism is based on a plugin on top of an unmodified user-space checkpoint-restart package, DMTCP. Checkpoint-restart is demonstrated for three virtual machines: Lguest, user-space QEMU, and KVM/QEMU. The plugins for Lguest and KVM/QEMU require just 200 lines of code. The Lguest kernel driver API is augmented by 40 lines of code. DMTCP checkpoints user-space QEMU without any new code. KVM/QEMU, user-space QEMU, and DMTCP need no modification. The design benefits from other DMTCP features and plugins. Experiments demonstrate checkpoint and restart in 0.2 seconds using forked checkpointing, mmap-based fast-restart, and incremental Btrfs-based snapshots.
Transcription analysis on response of porcine alveolar macrophages to Haemophilus parasuis (2012)

Our present study is the first one focusing on the response of porcine alveolar macrophages to H. parasuis. Our data demonstrate a series of genes are activated upon H. parasuis infection. The observed gene expression profile could help screening the potential host agents for reducing the prevalence of H. parasuis and further understanding the molecular pathogenesis associated with H. parasuis infection in pigs.
Cellular Mechanisms Regulating [Ca2+]i Smooth Muscle (1989)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Optimizing Matrix Operations on a Parallel Multiprocessor with a Memory Hierarchical System. (1986)

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disorder that results due to auto immune destruction of insulin producing cells, which leads to hyperglycemia in the blood. The development of an ideal scaffold for maintaining the structure and function of islets is a challenge in the field of pancreatic tissue engineering. In this study, gelatin (G) as well as gelatin / PVP (GP) semi interpenetrating polymer network scaffolds have been fabricated by freeze drying technique and cross linked with gluteraldehyde (GTA) and 1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), which was abbreviated as GG, GPG (cross linked with GTA) GE, and GPE (cross linked with EDC). The presence of gelatin and PVP in GPE and GPG scaffolds was confirmed through FTIR and TGA. The medium uptake ability of GPE and GPG scaffolds were higher than GG and GE scaffolds. The scaffolds were then analyzed for its ability to maintain the viability and function of mouse pancreatic islet cells in vitro. The results showed that the islets can adhere, but it tends to lose the structure and function on all the scaffolds after day 7, except on GPE where they remained intact up to day 30. Thus the present study clearly demonstrates that gelatin incorporated with PVP and cross linked with EDC scaffolds could support and maintain islet cells for prolonged period.
Hypochlorite-induced substitution of chlorine for iodine in aromatic compounds and the role of iodyl intermediates (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHypochlorite-induced substitution of chlorine for iodine in aromatic compounds and the role of iodyl intermediatesT. O. Bayraktaroglu, M. A. Gooding, S. F. Khatib, H. Lee, M. Kourouma, and R. G. LandoltCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 5, 1264–1265Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00057a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00057a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views472Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Magnetic nanoparticles as bimodal tools in magnetically induced labelling and magnetic heating of tumour cells: an<i>in vitro</i>study (2007)

Localized magnetic heating treatments (hyperthermia, thermal ablation) using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles continue to be an active area of cancer research. The present study uses magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) as bimodal tools and combines magnetically induced cell labelling and magnetic heating. The main focus was to assess if a selective and higher MNP accumulation within tumour cells due to magnetic labelling (max. 56 and 83 mT) and consequently a larger heating effect occurs after exposure to an alternating magnetic field (magnetic heating: frequency 400 kHz, amplitude 24.6 kA m−1) in order to eliminate labelled tumour cells effectively. The results demonstrate that the magnetically based cellular MNP uptake by human adenocarcinoma cells is due to suitable magnetic field gradients in vitro which intensify the temperature increase generated during magnetic heating. A significantly (P≤0.05) enhanced MNP cell uptake due to 83 mT labelling compared to controls or to 56 mT labelling was observed. Our experiments required the following conditions, namely a cell concentration of 2.5 × 107 cells ml−1, a minimum MNP concentration of 0.32 mg Fe ml−1 culture medium, and an incubation time of 24 h, to reach this effect as well as for the significantly enlarged heating effects to occur.
Dynamic bandwidth allocation in broadband-ISDN using a multilevel optimal control approach (2002)

This paper presents a novel scheme for the dynamic allocation of bandwidth at the virtual path level in B-ISDNs. A fluid flow model is developed to describe the time varying mean behaviour of a virtual path and serves as a state variable model. A multilevel optimal control theoretic approach is used in conjunction with the state model to derive a coordinated decentralised algorithm for virtual path bandwidth allocation. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using simulation.
C1 CHEMISTRY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ULTRA-CLEAN LIQUID TRANSPORTATION FUELS AND HYDROGEN (2004)

The Consortium for Fossil Fuel Science (CFFS) is a research consortium with participants from the University of Kentucky, University of Pittsburgh, West Virginia University, University of Utah, and Auburn University. The CFFS is conducting a research program to develop C1 chemistry technology for the production of clean transportation fuel from resources such as coal and natural gas, which are more plentiful domestically than petroleum. The processes under development will convert feedstocks containing one carbon atom per molecular unit into ultra clean liquid transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel) and hydrogen, which many believe will be the transportation fuel of the future. Feedstocks include synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen produced by coal gasification, coalbed methane, light products produced by Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, methanol, and natural gas.
<i>In vitro</i>approaches to assess bioavailability and human gastrointestinal mobilization of food-borne polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (2008)

This study reports on the potential for gastrointestinal (GI) mobilization and bioavailability of food-borne PCBs in humans. The development and validation of a GI simulator and operational protocols, developed in compliance with the requirements of German DIN 19738 risk assessment test procedure, are presented. Food, naturally contaminated with PCBs, was homogenized with simulated saliva fluid and shaken in the GI simulator with simulated gastric fluids (containing pepsin, mucine) for 2 h at 37 degrees C. Afterwards, the simulated intestinal fluids (containing pepsin, mucine, trypsin, pancreatin, bile) were added and the mixture shaken for a further 6 h prior to centrifugation and filtration using Buchner funnels to separate the undigested GI residues from GI fluids. PCBs were recovered from GI residues and fluids by Soxhlet and liquid-liquid extraction respectively, cleaned up using silica-SFE, and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry detection (GC-MSD). Detailed studies with fish indicate variations in mobilization and bioavailability of Sigma PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 153, 138 and 180). For example, the bioavailable fractions (fractions mobilized) in mackerel, salmon, crab and prawn were 0.77, 0.60, 0.54, and 0.72 respectively of the Sigma PCBs initially present in these food samples. The bioavailable fraction was dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of the PCBs. In mackerel bioavailable fractions for individual PCB congeners ranged from 0.47-0.82, from 0.30-0.70 in salmon, 0.44-0.64 in crab and in prawn from 0.47-0.77. Future studies will focus on understanding better, the variability in bioavailable fractions to be expected for different foodstuffs, in addition to tissue culture techniques using human gut cell lines to investigate a simultaneous mobilization and absorption of food-borne PCBs.