gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Communication based on per-packet One-Time Addresses (2016)

The act of communication on the Internet inevitably leaks information. In particular, network headers reveal information (e.g., source address, flow information); yet, protecting the header has proven challenging. Past research successfully protected certain fields of the headers (e.g., source address), but no proposal has attempted to eliminate flow information from the header so that packets cannot be linked to flows; flow information is systematically used to subvert privacy. Hence, we investigate the following questions: Can we design an architecture that eliminates flow-packet linkability? Can we do so without imposing impractical requirements on the network infrastructure? Our proposed architecture is based on per-packet One Time Address (OTA)-an address that a host uses to send or receive exactly one packet. Furthermore, the architecture eliminates any implicit (e.g., the standard five-tuple in TCP/UDP packets) or explicit (e.g., flow identifier) flow information from packet headers. Yet, the architecture allows the communicating hosts to demultiplex seemingly unrelated packets to flows. We have implemented the proposed architecture, and our evaluation shows that it can satisfy today's packet forwarding requirements.
Inflammation in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2007)

A clear role for inflammatory mediators and cells has been established in recent years. Future studies should elucidate further mechanisms in ARMD development.
Tissue segmentation on MR images of the brain by possibilistic clustering on a 3D wavelet representation (2000)

An algorithm for the segmentation of a single sequence of three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) images into cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, and white matter classes is proposed. This new method is a possibilistic clustering algorithm using the fuzzy theory as frame and the wavelet coefficients of the voxels as features to be clustered. Fuzzy logic models the uncertainty and imprecision inherent in MR images of the brain, while the wavelet representation allows for both spatial and textural information. The procedure is fast, unsupervised, and totally independent of any statistical assumptions. The method is tested on a phantom image, then applied to normal and Alzheimer's brains, and finally compared with another classic brain tissue segmentation method, affording a relevant classification of voxels into the different tissue classes.
Organic Flocculant and Mechanism of Flocculation (1968)

各種産業や用水・廃水処理における懸濁液の固-液の分離工程において凝集剤は重要な役割をする。凝集剤として古くから無機塩や水溶性天然高分子物質が利用されてきたが,過去約10年間に水溶性の各種合成高分子物質が製造されるようになり固-液の分離工程に大きな進歩をもたらしてきている。ほとんどすべての水溶性高分子物質は,使用法が適切で対象が適当であればなんらかの凝集効力をもっているといえる。しかし,使用法によっては分散剤として作用することもあり,凝集剤の開発にさいしては,理論,装置,操業条件,管理の面からの総合的な検討が重要である。
Alterations of the double-strand break repair gene MRE11 in cancer. (2001)

MRE11 plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair. Hypomorphic mutations of MRE11 have been demonstrated in ataxia-telangiectasia (AT)-like disorder. ATM mutations play a causal role in AT and have been demonstrated in lymphoid malignancies in patients without AT histories. By analogy with the relationship of ATM to lymphoid malignancies, it is probable that alterations of MRE11 are associated with tumor formation. We performed a mutation analysis of MRE11 in 159 unselected primary tumors. Three missense mutations at conserved positions were found in breast and lymphoid tumors. Additionally, an aberrant transcript without genomic mutation was found in a breast tumor. These findings suggest an occasional role for MRE11 alterations in the development of primary tumors.
Determination of the Hemoglobin Surface Domains That React with Cytochrome <i>b</i><sub>5</sub> (2001)

We have compared the photoinitiated electron-transfer (ET) reaction between cytochrome b(5) (b(5)) and zinc mesoporphyrin-substituted hemoglobin [(ZnM)Hb] and Hb variants in order to determine whether b(5) binds to the subunit surface of either or both Hb chains, or to sites which span the dimer--dimer interface. Because the dimer--dimer interface would be disrupted for monomers or alpha beta dimers, we studied the reaction of b(5) with alpha ZnM chains and (ZnM)Hb beta W37E, which exists as alpha beta dimers in solution. Triplet quenching titrations of the ZnHb proteins with Fe(3+)b(5) show that the binding affinity and ET rate constants for the alpha-chains are the same when they are incorporated into a Hb tetramer or dimer, or exist as monomers. Likewise, the parameters for beta-chains in tetramers and dimers differ minimally. In parallel, we have modified the surface of the Hb chains by neutralizing the heme propionates through the preparation of zinc deuterioporphyrin dimethyl ester hemoglobin, (ZnD-DME)Hb. The charge neutralization increases the ET rate constants 100-fold for the alpha-chains and 40-fold for the beta-chains (but has has little effect on the affinity of either chain type for b(5), similar to earlier results for myoglobin). Together, these results indicate that b(5) binds to sites at the subunit surface of each chain rather than to sites which span the dimer-dimer interface. The charge-neutralization results further suggest that b(5) binds over a broad area of the subunit face, but reacts only in a minority population of binding geometries.
Potent hypocholesterolemic activity of novel ureido phenoxyisobutyrates correlates with their intrinsic fibrate potency and not with their ACAT inhibitory activity (1997)

The hypocholesterolemic activity for novel ureido fibrate analogues was found to be over 100-fold greater than for any "second-generation" fibrate in cholesterol-fed rats. A comparison of 12 related analogues revealed that the optimal configuration for a urea-bridging region located between two aromatic rings consisted of a trisubstituted nitrogen, optimally substituted with a C7 alkyl chain and linked by dimethylene to a phenoxyisobutyrate moiety found in most fibrate analogues. The hypocholesterolemic potency of these compounds was found to correlate with their increased intrinsic fibrate activity as determined by the ability to induce omega-hydroxylase activity either in rat hepatocyte cultures or in vivo, and not with their 10-fold increased ACAT inhibitory potency when compared to other fibrates. The most active compound, 2-(4-(2-(N'-(2,4- difluorophenyl)-N-heptylureido)ethyl)phenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid, referred to as (2), was found to induce omega-hydroxylase activity in hepatocytes at concentrations between 5 and 100 nM compared to 1-20 microM concentrations for bezafibrate, and lower serum VLDL+LDL cholesterol in rats at doses between 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg per day compared to doses of 25-100 mg/kg per day for bezafibrate. Single-dose pharmacokinetic studies with 2 indicated that total drug exposure will be much lower at hypocholesterolemic doses due to the enhanced intrinsic activity, and may result in an improved safety profile for these novel trisubstituted ureido fibrate analogues in rats and humans compared to other fibrates.
Dielectric tensor measurement from a single Mueller matrix image (2007)

A technique for measuring dielectric tensors in anisotropic layered structures, such as thin films of biaxial materials, is demonstrated. The ellipsometric data are collected in a quasi-monochromatic Mueller matrix image acquired over a large range of incident and azimuthal angles by illuminating a very small area on the sample with a focused beam from a modulating polarization state generator. After the beam interacts with the sample, the reflected and/or transmitted light is collected using an imaging polarization state analyzer. An image of the exit pupil of a collection objective lens is formed across a CCD such that each pixel collects light from a different angle incident on the sample, thus acquiring ellipsometric data at numerous incident angles simultaneously. The large range of angles and orientations is necessary to accurately determine dielectric tensors. The small but significant polarization aberrations of the low-polarization objective lenses used to create and collect the focused beams provide a significant challenge to accurate measurement. Measurements are presented of a thin-film E-type polarizer and a stretched plastic biaxial film.
Aerial Cable Construction for Electric Power Transmission (1918)

This paper deals with the problem of supplying high-tension electric service where conditions do not permit of the use of open wire or underground circuits. The methods of overcoming difficulties incidental to providing for high-tension service are discussed in detail, together with a description of the types of cable used and methods of installation. The experience of a large central station company operating several hundred miles of overhead and underground cable is given and the paper brings out the fact that the type of construction described may be used advantageously for both 13,200-and 26,400-volt service.
A parallel computing approach to creating engineering concept spaces for semantic retrieval: the Illinois Digital Library Initiative project (1996)

This research presents preliminary results generated from the semantic retrieval research component of the Illinois Digital Library Initiative (DLI) project. Using a variation of the automatic thesaurus generation techniques, to which we refer to as the concept space approach, we aimed to create graphs of domain-specific concepts (terms) and their weighted co-occurrence relationships for all major engineering domains. Merging these concept spaces and providing traversal paths across different concept spaces could potentially help alleviate the vocabulary (difference) problem evident in large-scale information retrieval. In order to address the scalability issue related to large-scale information retrieval and analysis for the current Illinois DLI project, we conducted experiments using the concept space approach on parallel supercomputers. Our test collection included computer science and electrical engineering abstracts extracted from the INSPEC database. The concept space approach called for extensive textual and statistical analysis (a form of knowledge discovery) based on automatic indexing and co-occurrence analysis algorithms, both previously tested in the biology domain. Initial testing results using a 512-node CM-5 and a 16-processor SGI Power Challenge were promising.
Off-Design Performance Investigation of a Low Calorific Value Gas Fired Generic-Type Single-Shaft Gas Turbine (2008)

When low calorific value gases are fired, the performance and stability of gas turbines may deteriorate due to a large amount of inertballast and changes in working fluid properties. Since it is rather rare to have custom-built gas turbines for low lower heating value (LHV) operation, the engine will be forced to operate outside its design envelope. This, in turn, poses limitations to usable fuel choices. Typical restraints are decrease in Wobbe index and surge and flutter margins for turbomachinery. In this study, an advanced performance deck has been used to quantify the impact of firing low-LHV gases in a generic-type recuperated as well as unrecuperated gas turbine. A single-shaft gas turbine characterized by a compressor and an expander map is considered. Emphasis has been put on predicting the off-design behavior. The combustor is discussed and related to previous experiments that include investigation of flammability limits, Wobbe index, flame position, etc. The computations show that at constant turbine inlet temperature, the shaft power and the pressure ratio will increase; however, the surge margin will decrease. Possible design changes in the component level are also discussed. Aerodynamic issues (and necessary modifications) that can pose severe limitations on the gas turbine compressor and turbine sections are discussed. Typical methods for axial turbine capacity adjustment are presented and discussed.
Precipitation of an Insoluble Product on Enzyme Monolayer Electrodes for Biosensor Applications:  Characterization by Faradaic Impedance Spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Microgravimetric Quartz Crystal Microbalance Analyses (1999)

Precipitation of an insoluble, insulating product on monolayer-functionalized electrodes enables the development of new electrochemical biosensors. Faradaic impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry are used to probe the electron-transfer resistance at the conductive support upon the accumulation of the insoluble product on the electrode surface. Similarly, microgravimetric quartz crystal microbalance, QCM, analyses were used to assay the formation of the precipitate on the electrode. A horseradish peroxidase, HRP, monolayer electrode is used to analyze H2O2 via the biocatalyzed oxidation of 4-chloro-1-naphthol (1) and the precipitation of the insoluble product (2). A bienzyme-layered electrode consisting of HRP and glucose oxidase, GOx, is used to sense glucose. Biocatalyzed oxidation of glucose by O2, in the presence of GOx, yields H2O2, and the generated hydrogen peroxide effects the formation of the insoluble product (2) in the presence of HRP. The insoluble product accumulated on the electrode, and the extent of the resulting electron-transfer resistance, correlated with the amounts of H2O2 or glucose, and appropriate calibration curves are extracted.
Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane-diacetylene segmented copolymers (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of polyurethane-diacetylene segmented copolymersM. F. RubnerCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 8, 2114–2128Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00162a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00162a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views629Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Effect of yeast mannan on the activity and kinetic patterns of alpha amylase from rat blood serum]. (1976)

The mannan from Rhodotorula rubra activated alpha-amylase of blood serum in vivo. After intravenous administration of the polysaccharide into rats kinetic patterns of the enzyme were altered. The effect of mannan on various molecular forms of alpha-amylase was also studied.
Design and evaluation of a directional relay for use within a distribution network restoration scheme (2002)

Electrical utilities often use automatic fault sectionalization and distribution network restoration schemes to minimize customer minutes lost. Network restoration can be realized using directional relays, switches with voltage and current sensors and a feeder control system that incorporates communication between the switches and a central control point. The current sensors are measurement current transformers (CTs) which are designed for measuring load current and saturate during a fault. They are unsuitable for a conventional directional relaying scheme, which requires protection CTs rated for operation at the highest level of fault current. The paper describes a curve-fitting algorithm that extracts information from the measurement sensors necessary to determine the direction to a fault. Experimental results show that a directional relay based on the algorithm detects the direction to the fault correctly, even when the CTs are deeply saturated.
Lack of Neurotrophin 3 Causes Losses of Both Classes of Spiral Ganglion Neurons in the Cochlea in a Region-Specific Fashion (1997)

Essential functions of neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) in regulating afferent and efferent innervation of the cochlea have been characterized by comparison of normal and NT-3 mutant mice. NT-3 deficiency has striking, region-specific effects, with complete loss of sensory neurons in the basal turn and dramatic but incomplete neuronal loss in the middle and apical turns. The sensory innervation of inner and outer hair cells was reorganized in mutant animals. Instead of a strictly radial pattern of innervation, the axons of remaining sensory neurons projected spirally along the row of inner hair cells to innervate even the most basal inner hair cells. Innervation of outer hair cells was strongly reduced overall and was not detected in the basal turn. The presence of fibers extending to both inner and outer hair cells suggests that subsets of types I and II sensory neurons survive in the absence of NT-3. Likewise, projections of the cochlea to auditory nuclei of the brainstem were attenuated but otherwise present. Equally striking changes in efferent innervation were observed in mutant animals that closely mimicked the abnormal sensory innervation pattern. Despite these impressive innervation deficiencies, the morphology of the organ of Corti and the development of inner and outer hair cells appeared comparatively normal.
Observational clinical follow-up of oocyte cryopreservation using a slow-freezing method with 1,2-propanediol plus sucrose followed by ICSI (2005)

This protocol achieved reproducible success of survival, fertilization and pregnancy for freezing and thawing of human oocytes. The 3 h post-thaw incubation could permit restoration of the meiotic spindles, thus facilitating normal fertilization.
Crowd monitoring using image processing (1995)

The understanding of crowd behaviour in semi-confined spaces is an important part of the design of new pedestrian facilities, for major layout modifications to existing areas and for the daily management of sites-subject to crowd traffic. Conventional manual measurement techniques are not suitable for comprehensive data collection of patterns of site occupation and movement. Real-time monitoring is tedious and tiring, but safety-critical. This paper presents some image processing techniques being developed at King's College London which, using existing closed-circuit television systems, can support both data collection and on-line monitoring of crowds. The application of these methods could lead to a better understanding of crowd behaviour, improved design of the built environment and increased pedestrian safety.
Impact of surface enhancements upon boiling heat transfer in a liquid immersion cooled high performance small form factor server model (2014)

The impact of increasing power consumption trends on a global economy with limited resources to sustain them cannot be understated. As worldwide communication requirements expand, data centers will need to be designed more efficiently to not only keep operation costs down for a business' bottom line, but also to be mindful of the world's power availability and resource supply. Therefore, the importance of designing data centers efficiently, but also compactly grows in step with society's power demands. To integrate into this new smarter data center, work has been completed on a small form factor, modular, high performance liquid immersion cooled server model with heat dissipations of over 700 Watts. These high power dissipations were achieved by the integration of enhanced surfaces affixed to the bare silicon die to promote increased boiling performance. The two surfaces tested were a sintered copper microporous heat sink and one that contained a dense array of microscale fins.
Nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of basic fibroblast growth factor in astrocytes and CA2 hippocampal neurons (1992)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are known to stimulate mitogenesis in a variety of non-neuronal cell types and to support the survival in vitro of many neuronal cell types. The physiological role of FGFs in the CNS is currently not known. The present study determined the distribution in the rat CNS of a prominent member of the FGF family, basic FGF (bFGF). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that bFGF immunoreactivity was found predominantly in astrocytes throughout all regions of the CNS. In contrast, only a few neuronal populations were found to contain bFGF immunoreactivity, most prominent among them, neurons in the CA2 area of the hippocampus. This predominant localization of bFGF to astrocytes was confirmed by two other observations: (1) highly enriched cultures of astrocytes contained bFGF immunoreactivity and bioactivity, whereas highly enriched cultures of cerebral cortical neurons contained no detectable bFGF, and (2) neonatal rat cerebral cortex, which contains only a few differentiated astrocytes, also contained no detectable bFGF immunoreactivity and only low amounts of bFGF bioactivity. Immunocytochemical analysis also suggested that bFGF immunoreactivity was present in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm of astrocytes and CA2 neurons. This nuclear localization was confirmed by EM analysis of the intracellular distribution of the immunoperoxidase reaction product. In addition, preparations of both nuclear and soluble fractions of brain extracts contained bFGF immunoreactivity and bioactivity. These data suggest that bFGF might be involved in mediating astrocytic influences on the late postnatal maturation and plasticity in the CNS, and that the nuclear localization of bFGF within astrocytes may play an important role in the differentiation of these cells. In addition, bFGF may play a similar role in a few specific neuronal populations, such as CA2 hippocampal neurons.
Synthesis And Antiinflammatory Activity Of Aryl Sulphonanilides Structurally Related To Nimesulide (2003)

Substituted sulphonanilides of diphenyl ether, benzyl phenyl ether and diphenylamine were synthesized which were structurally related to antiinflammatory drug nimesulide. Synthesized compounds displayed antiinflammatory activity comparable with that of nimesulide. From the result it can be concluded that the replacement of methane sulphonanilide group with other sulphonanilide and replacement of ether oxygen with -OCH2-,-NH- decreases activity.
After the revolution: women who transformed contemporary art (2008)

Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists? asked the prominent art historian Linda Nochlin in an intentionally provocative 1971 essay. Thirty-five years later, her insightful institutional critique serves as a benchmark against which the progress of women artists may be measured. In this book, four prominent critics and curators describe the strides made by women artists since the advent of the feminist movement and assess the changes that have occurred in their critical reception, commercial appeal, and institutional support. Following a comprehensive essay which looks back at the recent history of women artists, the authors examine in depth the careers of an international selection of artists - Marina Abramovic, Louise Bourgeois, Ellen Gallagher, Ann Hamilton, Jenny Holzer, Elizabeth Murray, Shirin Neshat, Judy Pfaff, Dana Schutz, Cindy Sherman, Kiki Smith, and Nancy Spero - and each artist's accomplishments and her influence on contemporaries and on younger men and women artists. A preface by Nochlin reconsiders her provocative question and an introduction with extensive statistical documentation of how women artists' situation has changed, frame this compelling and fascinating work.