gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ROPecker: A Generic and Practical Approach For Defending Against ROP Attacks (2014)

Author(s): Yueqiang Cheng, Zongwei Zhou, Miao Yu, Xuhua Ding, Robert H. Deng Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 22 Feb 2014 Document Type: Briefing Papers Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2014 Abstract: ROPecker achieves both high detection accuracy and efficiency in ROP defense, without relying on source code, special compiler, or binary rewriting. A sliding … Continued
Plant chitinases use two different hydrolytic mechanisms (1996)

Bacterial, fungal, animal, and some plant chitinases form family 18 of glycosyl hydrolases. Most plant chitinases form the family 19. While some chitinases also have lysozyme activity, animal lysozymes belong to different families. For glycosyl hydrolases, two reaction mechanisms are possible, leading to either retention or inversion of the anomeric configuration. We analyzed by HPLC the stereochemical outcome of the hydrolysis catalyzed by cucumber and bean chitinases, belonging to families 18 and 19, respectively. Cucumber chitinase used the retaining mechanism as known for bacterial chitinases and hen egg white lysozyme for which the mechanism has been determined. In contrast, bean chitinase catalyzed the hydrolysis of chitooligosaccharides with overall inversion of anomeric configuration.
Clinical relevance of fatigue levels in cancer patients at a Veterans Administration Medical Center (2002)

Clinically relevant fatigue levels are correlated with symptom and quality-of-life measurements. Patients with a usual fatigue severity > 3 or a worst fatigue severity > 4 on a 1-10 scale may require further assessment.
A practical fiber optic air-ratio sensor operating by flame color detection (1997)

This article discusses the development of a simple fiber-optic sensor used to detect the air-ratio in a premix type gas boiler, by monitoring and appraising the color of the flame emission, including the effect of radical emissions. Such boilers with a multi-port plate burner show an improved thermal efficiency, with the environmentally friendly effect of a reduction in both NOx and CO in the exhaust gas. The sensor is used to monitor and maintain the air-ratio in order to enable effective feedback control, and a low-cost, durable and small sensor solution is presented. Tests carried out show the potential of the sensor for use outside the laboratory and image processing techniques are used to analyze the spectral features of the emissions seen to confirm the spectral regions of use of the fiber-optic sensor.
Accelerated Discovery of Red‐Phosphorescent Emitters through Combinatorial Organometallic Synthesis and Screening (2006)

Seeing red dots: A parallel solid-phase synthetic protocol was developed in the search for red-phosphorescent iridium complexes. Direct screening of resin-bound chloro-bridged dimers and leads was performed and validated (see picture), and two hits were identified. Their electroluminescent devices exhibited very high external quantum efficiencies. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z600004_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Proof-guided underapproximation-widening for multi-process systems (2005)

This paper presents a procedure for the verification of multi-process systems based on considering a series of underapproximated models. The procedure checks models with an increasing set of allowed interleavings of the given set of processes, starting from a single interleaving. The procedure relies on SAT solvers' ability to produce proofs of unsatisfiability: from these proofs it derives information that guides the process of adding interleavings on the one hand, and determines termination on the other. The presented approach is integrated in a SAT-based Bounded Model Checking (BMC) framework. Thus, a BMC formulation of a multi-process system is introduced, which allows controlling which interleavings are considered. Preliminary experimental results demonstrate the practical impact of the presented method.
EFFECT OF HEXADIMETHRINE BROMIDE ON PLASMA KININ FORMATION, HYDROLYSIS OF<i>p</i>‐TOSYL‐L‐ARGININE METHYL ESTER AND FIBRINOLYSIS (1964)

The antiheparin agent hexadimethrine bromide, in concentrations of 20 to 200 mug/ml., inhibited the activation by active Hageman factor of the plasma enzyme which releases kinin from substrate. Once activated, this kinin-forming enzyme was not consistently inhibited by hexadimethrine in a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Surfaces which induce kinin formation by activating Hageman factor in plasma (glass, kaolin, celite, barium carbonate and carboxymethylcellulose) were inactivated by bathing in aqueous solutions of hexadimethrine. The effects of hexadimethrine on Hageman factor and on glass were not abolished by amounts of heparin which neutralize most other actions of hexadimethrine. Hexadimethrine prevented the activation by kaolin, but not by streptokinase, of p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester-splitting and fibrinolytic factors in plasma; once these enzymes were activated by kaolin, they could not be inhibited by hexadimethrine. Hexadimethrine, given locally or intravenously into guinea-pigs, reduced the increase in capillary permeability produced by intracutaneous injections of kaolin suspensions.
Macrophage-Generated Nitric Oxide As Cytotoxic Factor In Destruction Of Alginate-Encapsulated Islets (1993)

Isolated rat islets were microencapsulated in alginate beads of about 1.5 mm in diameter. These were cocultured with activated or resident peritoneal macrophages of syngeneic rats for 24 hr. Examination of the encapsulated islets by transmission electron microscopy showed that the islets were lysed by activated (80.0 +/- 12.8% of islets lysed), but not by resident, macrophages (17.5 +/- 12.2% lysis) despite encapsulation. Islet lysis was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by a specific nitric oxide-synthase inhibitor (0.5 mM NG-methyl-L-arginine: 5.9 +/- 3.9% lysis) in an L-arginine-reversible manner (0.5 mM NG-methyl-L-arginine + 10 mM L-arginine: 55.1 +/- 16.6% lysis). Incubation of encapsulated islets with 3 different nitric oxide-generating compounds also resulted in a concentration-dependent islet lysis. Coencapsulation of autologous erythrocytes was found to be an effective and easy way of protection from macrophage-mediated lysis. Protection was dependent upon the number of erythrocytes coencapsulated. This in vitro study demonstrates that nitric oxide secreted by activated macrophages is able to destroy islets despite encapsulation in alginate, and that both, inhibition of nitric oxide formation using enzyme inhibitors and scavenging of nitric oxide once formed exploiting the hemoglobin of autologous erythrocytes, protect encapsulated islets from destruction.
Les interprétations d’Akiba et d’Ismaël et de leurs disciples respectifs , sur Nombres, V, 28 (1888)

Fürst J. Les interprétations d’Akiba et d’Ismaël et de leurs disciples respectifs , sur Nombres, V, 28. In: Revue des études juives, tome 17, n°33, juillet-septembre 1888. pp. 143-146.
Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol modulate the levels of Alzheimer’s amyloid β peptides in brain (2000)

Our results infer that cessation of ovarian estrogen production in postmenopausal women might facilitate Abeta deposition by increasing the local concentrations of Abeta40 and Abeta42 peptides in brain. In addition, our finding that E2 treatment is associated with diminution of brain Abeta levels suggests that modulation of Abeta metabolism may be one of the ways by which estrogen replacement therapy prevents or delays the onset of AD or both in postmenopausal women.
Oncogenic activation of the Lck protein accompanies translocation of the LCK gene in the human HSB2 T-cell leukemia. (1994)

The tyrosine protein kinase p56lck transduces signals important for antigen-induced T-cell activation. In transgenic mice, p56lck is oncogenic when overexpressed or expressed as a mutant, catalytically activated enzyme. In humans, the LCK gene is located at the breakpoint of the t(1;7)(p34;q34) chromosomal translocation. This translocation positions the beta T-cell receptor constant region enhancer upstream of the LCK gene without interrupting the LCK coding sequences, and a translocation of this sort occurs in both the HSB2 and the SUP-T-12 T-cell lines. We have found that, although the level of the p56lck protein in HSB2 cells is elevated approximately 2-fold in comparison with that in normal T-cell lines, total cellular tyrosine protein phosphorylation is elevated approximately 10-fold. Increased levels of phosphotyrosine in HSB2 cells resulted from mutations in the LCK gene that activated its function as a phosphotransferase and converted it into a dominant transforming oncogene. The oncogenic p56lck in HSB2 cells contained one amino acid substitution within the CD4/CD8-binding domain, two substitutions in the kinase domain, and an insertion of Gln-Lys-Pro (QKP) between the SH2 and kinase domains. In NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, three of these mutations cooperated to produce the fully oncogenic form of this p56lck variant. These results suggest that mutation of LCK may contribute to some human T-cell leukemias.
Lewis inverse design code (LINDES): Users manual (1987)

MDR is the major mechanism of drug resistance in malignant tumour cells. To overcome MDR and to increase chemosensitivity, many reversal agents have been found. Most progestogen compounds have been demonstrated to have reversal effects, but we found no data on NOM, a new progestogen compound. Our results show that NOM has strong reversal activity. The reversal effects were stronger than those of the precursor compound, MG, and were comparable to that of VRP. Because NOM has low toxicity, it might have good prospects in clinical application. Using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry assays, we studied the effects of NOM on MDR-related genes. The results were that NOM could markedly downregulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of MDR1 and GSTpi. TopoIIalpha and MRP gene expression showed no significant changes. It is known that P-gp induces MDR in tumour cells mainly by decreasing the intracellular drug concentration. After treatment with NOM, the intracellular drug concentration in MCF7/ADR cells increased significantly. Combined treatment with NOM and ADR induced arrest at the G2M phase. It is worth noting that NOM caused an early decrease and a late increase in the expression of some MDR-related genes in a time-dependent manner. The phenomena raise a question for the continued administration of reversal agents in clinics that merits further study. We demonstrate that NOM has strong reversal effects on MDR in MCF7/ADR cells. The reversal is via different routes, namely downregulating the mRNA and protein expression levels of MDR1 and GSTpi, increasing intracellular drug concentration and arresting cells at the G2M phase (NOM in combination with ADR). The reversal mechanism needs further study.
The (2′‐5′)Oligoadenylate (pppA2′‐5′A2′‐5′A) Synthetase and Protein Kinase(s) from Interferon‐Treated Cells (1979)

Two enzyme activities have been partially purified from interferon‐treated mouse L cells: the (2′‐5′)A n synthetase responsible for the synthesis of pppA2′‐5′A2′‐5′A (and related oligomers) and one or more protein kinases responsible for the phosphorylation of (a) a polypeptide of molecular weight 67000 (67000‐ M r polypeptide kinase), (b) the 35000‐ M r subunit of the protein synthesis initiation factor eIF‐2 and (c) added histones. Chromatography on columns of poly(I) · poly(C)‐Sepharose provided a more than 1000‐fold purification of these enzymes in a single step and in high yield. The partially‐purified poly(I) · poly(C)‐Sepharose‐bound (2′‐5′)A n synthetase is stable and on incubation with ATP is active for several days. This provides a convenient means for the synthesis and accumulation of pppA2′‐5′A2′‐5′A. A simple two‐step elution of the bound enzymes from the poly(I) · poly(C)‐Sepharose yielded a kinase fraction free of detectable (2′‐5′)A n synthetase. The (2′‐5′)A n synthetase from these columns, on the other hand, always contained detectable kinase activity. This latter could be removed on DEAE‐cellulose, but the resultant ‘kinase‐free′ (2′‐5′)A n synthetase required, in addition to double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA), a second component for optimum activity. This second component chromatographed with the kinase but no evidence for phosphorylation of the synthetase by it was obtained. It may be, therefore, that the association of the second component with the kinase(s) is fortuitous. The most purified kinase fractions still contained the 67000 ‐ M r polypeptide kinase, eIF‐2 kinase and histone kinase activities. A partial separation of the histone kinase activity was obtained, however, emphasising the possible heterogeneity of the kinase fraction. In contrast to the purified (2′‐5′)A n synthetase, the purified kinase activities were no longer dependent upon dsRNA.
A sample size adjustment procedure for clinical trials based on conditional power (2002)

When designing clinical trials, researchers often encounter the uncertainty in the treatment effect or variability assumptions. Hence the sample size calculation at the planning stage of a clinical trial may also be questionable. Adjustment of the sample size during the mid-course of a clinical trial has become a popular strategy lately. In this paper we propose a procedure for calculating additional sample size needed based on conditional power, and adjusting the final-stage critical value to protect the overall type-I error rate. Compared to other previous procedures, the proposed procedure uses the definition of the conditional type-I error directly without appealing to an extra special function for it. It has better flexibility in setting up interim decision rules and the final-stage test is a likelihood ratio test.
Acoustic coherence in shallow water: theory and observation (2002)

This paper is focused on quantitative calculations of the acoustic mutual coherence function (MCF) in random shallow water. Based on the wave-theoretical description the basic equations are formulated for the cross and self-modal coherence functions in shallow water where combined effects of random scattering and bottom interactions are important. The application is illustrated by numerical computation of the expected acoustic coherence for typical shallow-water environments under the assumption that the fully developed seas are the dominant source of transmission fluctuations. The theoretical calculations of the vertical coherence based on wind seas scattering are compared with the observed spatial coherence of the signals received by vertical arrays operating in the Barents Sea. It has been established that the vertical coherence function predicted from the wind seas model is in good qualitative agreement with the presented measurements.
Reducing the Time Complexity of the Derandomized Evolution Strategy with Covariance Matrix Adaptation (CMA-ES) (2003)

This paper presents a novel evolutionary optimization strategy based on the derandomized evolution strategy with covariance matrix adaptation (CMA-ES). This new approach is intended to reduce the number of generations required for convergence to the optimum. Reducing the number of generations, i.e., the time complexity of the algorithm, is important if a large population size is desired: (1) to reduce the effect of noise; (2) to improve global search properties; and (3) to implement the algorithm on (highly) parallel machines. Our method results in a highly parallel algorithm which scales favorably with large numbers of processors. This is accomplished by efficiently incorporating the available information from a large population, thus significantly reducing the number of generations needed to adapt the covariance matrix. The original version of the CMA-ES was designed to reliably adapt the covariance matrix in small populations but it cannot exploit large populations efficiently. Our modifications scale up the efficiency to population sizes of up to 10n, where n is the problem dimension. This method has been applied to a large number of test problems, demonstrating that in many cases the CMA-ES can be advanced from quadratic to linear time complexity.
A high stability electrode technology for stacked SrBi/sub 2/Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/ capacitors applicable to advanced ferroelectric memory (2002)

A novel high stability electrode technology with TaSiN as a key ingredient is proposed. Combining it with the reduced pressure annealing for low temperature formation of the SBT film, fabrication of the stacked SBT capacitor on poly Si plug was demonstrated for the first time.
Globoside-specific adhesins of uropathogenic Escherichia coli are encoded by similar trans-complementable gene clusters (1985)

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli frequently express globoside-specific adhesins, shown to mediate binding to uroepithelial cells. For one gene cluster pap, it recently has been demonstrated that globoside binding is not dependent on expression of the pilus subunit gene papA. Instead, two other pap genes papF and papG are specifically required for globoside binding (F. P. Lindberg et al., EMBO J. 3:1167-1173, 1984). By restriction enzyme mapping, DNA hybridization, DNA sequencing, and protein expression in minicells, we show that three gene clusters encoding globoside binding have a very similar structure and gene organization, although they were cloned from different E. coli isolates. Major differences between the adhesin clones were restricted to the central part of the pilin gene (papA) and to one of the two adhesin gene (papG). The three functional units required for biogenesis of globoside-binding pili, i.e., pilin synthesis, pilin export, and pilin assembly, as well as expression of adhesion function, were all trans complementable among the gene clusters.
Simple non-fused electron acceptors for efficient and stable organic solar cells (2019)

Abstract The flexibility in structural design of organic semiconductors endows organic solar cells (OSCs) not only great function-tunabilities, but also high potential toward practical application. In this work, simple non-fused-ring electron acceptors are developed through two-step synthesis from single aromatic units for constructing efficient OSCs. With the assistance of non-covalent interactions, these rotatable non-fused acceptors (in solution) allow transiting into planar and stackable conformation in condensed solid, promoting acceptors not only feasible solution-processability, but also excellent film characteristics. As results, decent power conversion efficiencies of 10.27% and 13.97% can be achieved in single and tandem OSCs consisting of simple solution-cast blends, in which the fully unfused acceptors exhibit exceptionally low synthetic complexity index. In addition, the unfused acceptor and its based OSCs exhibit promising stabilities under continuous illumination. Overall, this work reveals valuable insights on the structural design of simple and effective electron acceptors with great practical perspectives.
Acquired coagulation factor inhibitors in children after topical bovine thrombin exposure (2006)

Acquired inhibitors of coagulation factors, particularly to factor V (FV) and thrombin, after topical bovine thrombin exposure may result in clinically important coagulopathies. While bovine thrombin is commonly used in pediatric patients for surgical hemostasis, the reported cases of acquired inhibitors in children are few. We report two cases of children who developed factor inhibitors after bovine thrombin exposure. One child developed a FV inhibitor at 3 months of age after exposure to bovine thrombin during cardiac surgery. The inhibitor resolved with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and steroids. The other child developed concomitant FV and bovine thrombin inhibitors after cardiac surgery at age 11 years. The presence of these inhibitors complicated post-operative anti-coagulation management, but the inhibitors were transient. In addition to these two cases, we identified all the pediatric patients with bovine thrombin-induced inhibitors who were reported in the world's literature, and reviewed their clinical characteristics. These cases underscore the fact that bovine thrombin can be antigenic in infants and children and can result in significant coagulopathies.
Fractional Synchronization of Spin-Torque Nano-Oscillators (2010)

We experimentally demonstrate a series of fractional synchronization regimes (Devil's staircase) in a spin-torque nano-oscillator driven by a microwave field. These regimes are characterized by rational relations between the driving frequency and the frequency of the oscillation. An analysis based on the phase model of auto-oscillator indicates that fractional synchronization becomes possible when the driving signal breaks the symmetry of the oscillation, while the synchronization ranges are determined by the geometry of the oscillation orbit. Measurements of fractional synchronization can be utilized to obtain information about the oscillation characteristics in nanoscale systems not accessible to direct imaging techniques.
Classification-Driven Watershed Segmentation (2007)

This paper presents a novel approach for creation of topographical function and object markers used within watershed segmentation. Typically, marker-driven watershed segmentation extracts seeds indicating the presence of objects or background at specific image locations. The marker locations are then set to be regional minima within the topological surface (typically, the gradient of the original input image), and the watershed algorithm is applied. In contrast, our approach uses two classifiers, one trained to produce markers, the other trained to produce object boundaries. As a result of using machine-learned pixel classification, the proposed algorithm is directly applicable to both single channel and multichannel image data. Additionally, rather than flooding the gradient image, we use the inverted probability map produced by the second aforementioned classifier as input to the watershed algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the classification-driven watershed segmentation algorithm for the tasks of 1) image-based granulometry and 2) remote sensing.
The<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>19-Kilodalton Lipoprotein Inhibits Gamma Interferon-Regulated HLA-DR and FcγR1 on Human Macrophages through Toll-Like Receptor 2 (2003)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis survives in macrophages in the face of acquired CD4(+) T-cell immunity, which controls but does not eliminate the organism. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) has a central role in host defenses against M. tuberculosis by activating macrophages and regulating major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) antigen (Ag) processing. M. tuberculosis interferes with IFN-gamma receptor (IFN-gamma R) signaling in macrophages, but the molecules responsible for this inhibition are poorly defined. This study determined that the 19-kDa lipoprotein from M. tuberculosis inhibits IFN-gamma-regulated HLA-DR protein and mRNA expression in human macrophages. Inhibition of HLA-DR expression was associated with decreased processing and presentation of soluble protein Ags and M. tuberculosis bacilli to MHC-II-restricted T cells. Inhibition of HLA-DR required prolonged exposure to 19-kDa lipoprotein and was blocked with a monoclonal antibody specific for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2). The 19-kDa lipoprotein also inhibited IFN-gamma-induced expression of Fc gamma RI. Thus, M. tuberculosis, through 19-kDa lipoprotein activation of TLR-2, inhibits IFN-gamma R signaling in human macrophages, resulting in decreased MHC-II Ag processing and recognition by MHC-II-restricted CD4 T cells. These findings provide a mechanism for M. tuberculosis persistence in macrophages.