gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood substitutes (2002)

Blood substitutes are solutions intended to replace transfusion of banked red blood cells. Several variations of products based on either hemoglobin (animal or human) or perfluorocarbon emulsions are in advanced stages of clinical development. The need for such products is pressing as shortages of banked blood worsen and awareness of the dangers of blood transfusion increases. Animal and human studies with these cell-free oxygen carriers have led to new concepts of how oxygen is delivered to tissue and how the microcirculation is regulated. Although development of products is exciting and timely, understanding how they function to perfuse and oxygenate tissue could be at least as important. Because cell-free oxygen carriers will perfuse every organ of the body, their effects are far-reaching, and the transition from the laboratory to the bedside can be expected to be slow and deliberate. Comparison of oxygen carriers with more traditional starch-based products provides new insight into the interaction of oxygen transport, microvascular perfusion, and blood volume expansion.
Patterns of soybean proline-rich protein gene expression. (1992)

The expression patterns of three members of a gene family that encodes proline-rich proteins in soybean (SbPRPs) were examined using in situ hybridization experiments. In most instances, the expression of SbPRP genes was intense in a limited number of cell types of a particular organ. SbPRP1 RNA was localized in several cell types of soybean hypocotyls, including cells within the phloem and xylem. SbPRP1 expression increased within epidermal cells in the elongating and mature regions of the hypocotyl; expression was detected also in lignified cells surrounding the hilum of mature seeds. SbPRP2 RNA was present in cortical cells and in the vascular tissue of the hypocotyl, especially cells of the phloem. This gene was expressed also in the inner integuments of the mature seed coat. SbPRP3 RNA was localized specifically to the endodermoid layer of cells surrounding the stele in the elongating region of the hypocotyl, as well as in the epidermal cells of leaves and cotyledons. These data show that members of this gene family exhibit cell-specific expression. The members of the SbPRP gene family are expressed in different types of cells and in some cell types that also express the glycine-rich protein or hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein classes of genes.
Nanophotonic waveguides by self-assembly of multiple-type quantum dots (2006)

We demonstrate the design and fabrication of optically pumped sub-diffraction nanophotonic waveguides using a self assembly process to attach two different types of quantum dots on a silicon dioxide substrate, thus enabling low crosstalk.
Neural tube defect genes and maternal diabetes during pregnancy (2010)

Based on this model, we suggest that maternal diabetes reduces the precision of gene regulation in exposed individuals. Loss of precision in embryonic gene regulation may include changes to the epigenome via deregulated expression of chromatin-modifying factors. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying such epigenetic modifications in diabetic pregnancies will help to understand how teratogenic insults compromise embryonic development and possibly provide avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Gait recognition based on Gabor wavelets and modified gait energy image for human identification (2013)

This paper proposes a method for recognizing human identity using gait features based on Gabor wavelets and modified gait energy images (GEIs). Identity recognition by gait generally involves gait representation, extraction, and classification. In this work, a modified GEI convolved with an ensemble of Gabor wavelets is proposed as a gait feature. Principal component analysis is then used to project the Gabor-wavelet-based gait features into a lower-dimension feature space for subsequent classification. Finally, support vector machine classifiers based on a radial basis function kernel are trained and utilized to recognize human identity. The major contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) the consideration of the shadow effect to yield a more complete segmentation of gait silhouettes; (2) the utilization of motion estimation to track people when walkers overlap; and (3) the derivation of modified GEIs to extract more useful gait information. Extensive performance evaluation shows a great improvement of recognition accuracy due to the use of shadow removal, motion estimation, and gait representation using the modified GEIs and Gabor wavelets.
Virtual network routing in cloud computing environment (2016)

Cloud computing offers on demand services, accessing and availability of resources by means of multiple devices by speedy detecting as required. In cloud computing data centers are consider as a virtual servers and organization or single users pay as the capacity they use (eg:Amazon web services).data centers offers an cloud services by use of virtualization techniques. Compute, network, storage are the principle offering of information facilities. . In networks the data lookup may degrade the network transparency so the importance of the routing is considered as an essential part in the cloud computing since they are based on the on-demand networks. Thus the comprehensive way of different types of routing algorithms in cloud computing environment is surveyed. Here we have compared routing in structured and unstructured overlay network.
Micropatterning of different kinds of biomaterials as a platform of a molecular communication system (2011)

We aimed to create a method in micropatterning of different kinds of biomaterials as a platform of a molecular communication system onto a single substrate. This paper proposes a multiple poly(para-xylylene) (parylene) simultaneous peel-off process and demonstrates that different kinds of proteins and DNAs were successfully microarrayed onto the single substrate. Further, the functionalities and the contamination-free nature of these microarrayed biomaterials were maintained throughout the micropatterning process. Our results contribute to the development of microarrayed senders and receivers such as DNA-tagged vesicles and/or biological cells in molecular communication, and will help to investigate and visualize the overall of molecular communication processes.
Structural health monitoring of bolted joints using linear and nonlinear acoustic/ultrasound methods (2011)

The structural health monitoring (SHM) of structures is acquiring a key role in the present time. An in situ system able to assess the health state of bolted joints would save money and maintenance time, by allowing quick assessment of residual life and degradation state of structures. In the last decades, SHM systems based on linear acoustic/ultrasound methods have been investigated extensively. The scope of this study was to develop a reliable index able to assess the loosening/tightening health state of a bolted structure based on linear and nonlinear acoustic/ultrasound parameters. In particular, for the linear acoustic/ultrasound method, a tightening/loosening state index based on the first-order acoustic moment was developed. This method is based on the assumption that a change of signal energy would be recorded for different loosening/tightening states. As for the nonlinear methods, under single- and multi-frequency excitation, high-harmonics generation and sidebands modulation indices were developed. The developed tightening/loosening state index trend was very well reproduced by an analytical expression where they are expressed as function of the torque applied. In particular, the fully loosened (kissing bond) and tight state of bolted structures can be clearly identified by the measured plateau region. The proposed analytical trend approximates the experimental results with excellent correlation. By knowing this trend and measuring the proposed indices, it would be possible to know the torque applied on the bolt and therefore assess the health state of a bolted structure.
Ultra-Low Resistance Base Ohmic Contact with Pt/Ti/Pt/Au for High-f<sub>max</sub> AlGaAs/GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (1994)

Ohmic contacts to 500-Å-thick p-Al 0.1 Ga 0.9 As layer formed with a Pt/Ti/Pt/Au metal system were investigated. An extremely low contact resistivity of 4.2×10 -7 Ω ·cm 2 was obtained. The contact resistance increased with the increment of the Pt thickness, because the thicker the intermetallic layer becomes the thinner the AlGaAs layer beneath it, which leads to a higher contact resistance. The optimum Pt thickness was around 50 Å. Moreover, this metal scheme was thermally stable at 350° C. A high f max of 160 GHz was obtained for AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs using Pt/Ti/Pt/Au base electrodes. A multiplexer (MUX) lC implemented with these high- f max HBTs operated properly up to 40 Gbps, the highest speed ever reported. This value was restricted by the measuring instrument capability.
EYE-RUBBING AND CONTACT LENSES (1961)

SIRs,-In 1947 I first noticed a patient, a severe case of keratoconus, indulging in very vigorous eye-rubbing and from that time I have had this in mind. In 1956 (Brit. J. Ophthal., 40, 295), I summarized my experience of 92 cases of keratoconus, but omitted any reference to eye-rubbing as I was not then sure of its significance.
BSS: Blockchain security over software defined network (2017)

One of the major concerns on today's Software-Defined Network (SDN) is to enhance its security. Files sharing in SDN can be made much more secured against fraudulent activities by the implementation of blockchain technology. When the privacy of network's users is increased, the reliability of system increases correspondingly. Blockchain Security over SDN (BSS) is proposed which protects privacy and availability of resources against non-trusting members. Mininet emulator is used for simulating custom SDN network topology. OpenDaylight controller is integrated with OpenStack controller. For cloud data storage, OpenStack platform is used. For testing purpose of Blockchain, Pyethereum tester tool under Ethereum platform is implemented. Serpent programming is used for creating contract in the blockchain. BSS facilitates files sharing among SDN users in distributed peer-to-peer basis using OpenStack as a cloud storage platform.
Identification of molecular defects in a subject with type I CD36 deficiency (1994)

We performed a molecular analysis of a subject whose platelets and monocytes did not express any cell surface CD36 (designated as a type I CD36 deficiency). Amplification of the 5′ half of platelet and monocyte CD36cDNA (corresponding to nucleotide [nt] 191–1009 of the published CD36 cDNA sequence [Oquendo et al, Cell, 58:95, 1989]) showed that two different-sized CD36 cDNAs existed. One cDNA was of predicted normal size, whereas the other was about 150 bp smaller than that predicted for normal CD36 cDNA. Amplification of the 3′ region of CD36 cDNA (nt 962–1714) in this subject showed only normal-sized CD36 cDNA. Cloning and nt sequence analysis of the cDNAs showed that the smaller sized CD36 cDNA had 161-bp deletion (from nt 331 to 491), and a dinucleotide deletion starting at nt position 539. The same dinucleotide deletion was also detected in the normal sized CD36 cDNA. Both deletions caused a frameshift leading to the appearance of a translation stop codon. RNA blot analysis and quantitative assay using the reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that the CD36 transcripts in both platelets and monocytes were greatly reduced. Comparison of the determined cDNA sequences with the genomic DNA sequence for the human CD36 gene showed that the dinucleotide deletion was located in exon 5, and that the 161-bp deletion corresponded to a loss of exon 4. PCR- based analysis using genomic DNA showed that this subject was homozygous for the dinucleotide deletion in exon 5. Except for the dinucleotide deletion, we could not find any abnormalities around exon 3, 4, and 5 including the splice junctions. These results suggested that the deletions in CD36 mRNA were likely to be responsible for instability of the transcripts, and the dinucleotide deletion in exon 5 might affect the splicing of exon 4.
An overview of colorimetric assay methods used to assess survival or proliferation of mammalian cells. (2011)

The aim of this review is to briefly describe some colorimetric methods that are commonly used to evaluate a new chemical entity (NCE) on cell cultures in non-clinical oncology discovery research. These methods have the distinct advantage over other techniques in that they can be applied and used in a cell monolayer or a suspension culture. Both protein assay determination and cell viability assays may be conducted using these culture systems. The viability of cell cultures is routinely assessed by utilizing the metabolic capacity of cells which biochemically convert chemicals (usually color dyes) which can then be conveniently measured at specific wavelengths using a multi-well plate reader. Resazurin (Alamar Blue) is an example of one of these metabolically active compounds. Resazurin is a nontoxic dye that can also be used to measure migration and cellular invasion without resorting to sacrifice of the cells during the test procedure. Another is 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (bromodeoxyuridine or BrdU) which is a thymidine analog that incorporates into the DNA of dividing cells during the S-phase of the cell cycle. We will also discuss the colorimetric version of the traditional 3H-thymidine incorporation and immunoenzymatic assay used to measure DNA synthesis and its application to discovery research.
Single-lobe, surface-normal beam surface emission from second-order distributed feedback lasers with half-wave grating phase shift (2003)

Half-wave phase shifts were fabricated in the center of second-order GaAs gratings, for use in surface-emitting, horizontal-cavity, semiconductor diode lasers (λ=0.98 μm). Incorporating such gratings in diode lasers with distributed-feedback (DFB) active regions and distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) is found to provide surface-normal, single-lobe beam emission, as predicted by theory. InGaAs/AlGaAs/InGaP, two-quantum-well structures are employed. A 500-μm-long GaAs/Au second-order grating with half-wave phase shift represents the DFB region, which provides feedback and unidirectional light outcoupling. GaAs/SiO2/Au, 500-μm-long, second-order gratings are the DBR regions, on either side of the DFB region, which provide both frequency-selective feedback as well as unidirectional outcoupling. Lateral-mode control is achieved via a 2.5-μm-wide ridge waveguide. Surface emission is obtained through a 80-μm-wide window stripe in the metallization on the substrate n-side. Single-frequency lasing in an orthonormally emitted, single-lobe, diffraction-limited beam is obtained to 3× threshold under pulsed-drive conditions (200 ns wide pulses, 1 kHz repetition rate).
II (1982)

'Sexuality' is a nineteenth-century word. The great Oxford New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (usually referred to as the OED) cites a passage dating from 1800 for its first appearance, but this is the word used in a straightforward and limited sense of the (biological, zoological) statement of the fact of sex, of a sexual reproduction in plants, insects, animal life: 'the quality of being sexual or having sex', as the OED puts it. It is with the second sense of 'sexuality' recognized by the OED that we find ourselves near to, at the beginnings of, our general modern usage and understanding: 'Possession of sexual powers, or capability of sexual feelings.' As will become clear later, the OED's example-quotation here is particularly apt as an expression of the historical context and problem of the word's appearance: a sentence from the Clinical Lectures on the Diseases of Women by the distinguished physician James Matthews Duncan, published in 1889: 'In removing the ovaries, you do not necessarily destroy sexuality in a woman.'
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS): a versatile tool (2007)

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) is routinely used in many diverse research fields such as earth, environmental, life and forensic sciences and in food, material, chemical, semiconductor and nuclear industries. The high ion density and the high temperature in a plasma provide an ideal atomizer and element ionizer for all types of samples and matrices introduced by a variety of specialized devices. Outstanding properties such as high sensitivity (ppt-ppq), relative salt tolerance, compound-independent element response and highest quantitation accuracy lead to the unchallenged performance of ICP MS in efficiently detecting, identifying and reliably quantifying trace elements. The increasing availability of relevant reference compounds and high separation selectivity extend the molecular identification capability of ICP MS hyphenated to species-specific separation techniques. While molecular ion source MS is specialized in determining the structure of unknown molecules, ICP MS is an efficient and highly sensitive tool for target-element orientated discoveries of relevant and unknown compounds. This special-feature, tutorial article presents the principle and advantages of ICP MS, highlighting these using examples from recently published investigations.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravenous Ceftolozane-Tazobactam in Healthy Adult Subjects following Single and Multiple Ascending Doses (2012)

The pharmacokinetics and safety of ceftolozane, a novel cephalosporin, and tazobactam, a β-lactamase inhibitor, alone and in combination as a 2:1 ratio in single doses of up to 2,000 and 1,000 mg of ceftolozane and tazobactam, respectively, and multiple doses of up to 3,000 and 1,500 mg of ceftolozane and tazobactam, respectively, per day were evaluated in healthy adult subjects. In part 1, groups of six subjects each received single ascending doses of ceftolozane, tazobactam, and ceftolozane-tazobactam in a within-cohort crossover design. In part 2, groups of 5 or 10 subjects each received multiple doses of ceftolozane, tazobactam, or ceftolozane-tazobactam for 10 days. After a single dose of ceftolozane alone, the ranges of mean values for half-life (2.48 to 2.64 h), the total clearance (4.35 to 6.01 liters/h), and the volume of distribution at steady state (11.0 to 14.1 liters) were consistent across dose levels and similar to those observed when ceftolozane was coadministered with tazobactam. Mean values after multiple doses for ceftolozane alone and ceftolozane-tazobactam were similar to those seen following a single dose. The pharmacokinetics of the dosing regimens evaluated were dose proportional and linear. Ceftolozane-tazobactam was well tolerated and systemic adverse events were uncommon. Mild infusion-related adverse events were the most commonly observed following multiple-dose administration. Adverse events were not dose related, and no dose-limiting toxicity was identified.
Absolute Kinetics of Alkoxychlorocarbene Fragmentation (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAbsolute Kinetics of Alkoxychlorocarbene FragmentationRobert A. Moss, Chuan-Sheng Ge, and Ljiljana MaksimovicView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 40, 9792–9793Publication Date (Web):October 9, 1996Publication History Received28 June 1996Published online9 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja962194hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja962194hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbene compounds,Fragmentation,Ions,Lithium iron phosphate,Pyridines Get e-Alerts
Cilostazol Modulates Autophagic Degradation of β-Amyloid Peptide via SIRT1-Coupled LKB1/AMPKα Signaling in Neuronal Cells (2016)

A neuroprotective role of autophagy mediates the degradation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The previous study showed cilostazol modulates autophagy by increasing beclin1, Atg5 and LC3-II expressions, and depletes intracellular Aβ accumulation. This study elucidated the mechanisms through which cilostazol modulates the autophagic degradation of Aβ in neurons. In N2a cells, cilostazol (10-30 μM), significantly increased the expression of P-AMPKα (Thr 172) and downstream P-ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) (Ser 79) as did resveratrol (SIRT1 activator), or AICAR (AMPK activator), which were blocked by KT5720, compound C (AMPK inhibitor), or sirtinol. Furthermore, phosphorylated-mTOR (Ser 2448) and phosphorylated-P70S6K (Thr 389) expressions were suppressed, and LC3-II levels were elevated in association with decreased P62/Sqstm1 by cilostazol. Cilostazol increased cathepsin B activity and decreased p62/SQSTM 1, consequently decreased accumulation of Aβ1-42 in the activated N2aSwe cells, and these results were blocked by sirtinol, compound C and bafilomycin A1 (autophagosome blocker), suggesting enhanced autophagosome formation by cilostazol. In SIRT1 gene-silenced N2a cells, cilostazol failed to increase the expressions of P-LKB1 (Ser 428) and P-AMPKα, which contrasted with its effect in negative control cells transfected with scrambled siRNA duplex. Further, N2a cells transfected with expression vectors encoding pcDNA SIRT1 showed increased P-AMPKα expression, which mimicked the effect of cilostazol in N2a cells; suggesting cilostazol-stimulated expressions of P-LKB1 and P-AMPKα were SIRT1-dependent. Unlike their effects in N2a cells, in HeLa cells, which lack LKB1, cilostazol and resveratrol did not elevate SIRT1 or P-AMPKα expression, indicating cilostazol and resveratrol-stimulated expressions of SIRT1 and P-AMPKα are LKB1-dependent. In conclusion, cilostazol upregulates autophagy by activating SIRT1-coupled P-LKB1/P-AMPKα and inhibiting mTOR activation, thereby decreasing Aβ accumulation.