gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy geometry: An overview (2003)

The author briefly reviews work on the fuzzy topology and geometry of image subsets, including adjacency, separation, and connectedness; distance and relative position; area, perimeter, and diameter; convexity and starshapedness; and medial axes and thinning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Diagnoses and Mental Health Disparities Among Women Who Have Sex With Women Screened at an Urban Community Health Center, Boston, MA, 2007 (2009)

WSW with STDs may have presenting psychosocial problems. Further research is warranted to better understand the relationship between sexual behavior and health, as well as to guide the development of interventions to ameliorate health disparities among WSW, particularly in the psychosocial domain.
<title>Wide-area-distributed disaster-tolerant file system for multimedia data storage</title> (1997)

We propose a new disaster-tolerant file system for multimedia data storage. To protect against natural disasters by eliminating the possibility of simultaneous failure in multiple disks constituting a RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks) system, our proposed file system features a RAID system with member disks spatially distributed over a wide area. The Fiber Channel standard has the potential to create an up to 10-km separation of member disks by using single-mode optical fiber cables. The prototype system of wide-area distributed file (WDF) consisting of a layered structure of RAID level 1 and RAID level 0 was tested. It has its entire data in a local disk and its mirroring data striped into two fiber-channel-connected disks by using optical fiber cables. The effect of underlying software modules and hardware components on its read/write performance was investigated. Compared with a file system using a local disk, the prototype WDF system shows equivalent read performance by directing all reads to its local disk and its write performance is almost 20$% lower. An on-line transaction processing (OLTP) benchmark was also executed. The WDF system achieved a throughput (transactions per second) similar to that of the file system using a local disk.
A Predictive Performance Model for Superscalar Processors (2006)

Designing and optimizing high performance microprocessors is an increasingly difficult task due to the size and complexity of the processor design space, high cost of detailed simulation and several constraints that a processor design must satisfy. In this paper, we propose the use of empirical non-linear modeling techniques to assist processor architects in making design decisions and resolving complex trade-offs. We propose a procedure for building accurate non-linear models that consists of the following steps: (i) selection of a small set of representative design points spread across processor design space using latin hypercube sampling, (ii) obtaining performance measures at the selected design points using detailed simulation, (iii) building non-linear models for performance using the function approximation capabilities of radial basis function networks, and (iv) validating the models using an independently and randomly generated set of design points. We evaluate our model building procedure by constructing non-linear performance models for programs from the SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite with a microarchitectural design space that consists of 9 key parameters. Our results show that the models, built using a relatively small number of simulations, achieve high prediction accuracy (only 2.8% error in CPI estimates on average) across a large processor design space. Our models can potentially replace detailed simulation for common tasks such as the analysis of key microarchitectural trends or searches for optimal processor design points
Presto: SQL on Everything (2019)

Presto is an open source distributed query engine that supports much of the SQL analytics workload at Facebook. Presto is designed to be adaptive, flexible, and extensible. It supports a wide variety of use cases with diverse characteristics. These range from user-facing reporting applications with sub-second latency requirements to multi-hour ETL jobs that aggregate or join terabytes of data. Presto's Connector API allows plugins to provide a high performance I/O interface to dozens of data sources, including Hadoop data warehouses, RDBMSs, NoSQL systems, and stream processing systems. In this paper, we outline a selection of use cases that Presto supports at Facebook. We then describe its architecture and implementation, and call out features and performance optimizations that enable it to support these use cases. Finally, we present performance results that demonstrate the impact of our main design decisions.
Mechanisms Underlying Arterial Fragility and the Complications of Atherosclerosis (1997)

The etiology of atherosclerosis must explain the development of primary pathological complications (intimal tears, ectasia, tortuosity, aneurysms and stenoses). They are interrelated and associated with destruction of mural architecture and concomitant loss of tensile strength (fragility) attributable to bioengineering fatigue. The complications become manifested clinically by ischemia, hemorrhage and pressure effects developing with greater frequency in association with hypertension, arteriovenous shunts or connective tissue disorders. Moreover they are produced experimentally and iatrogenically by hemodynamic means but are unexplained by other current etiological hypotheses.
Miniature bioreactors for automated high‐throughput bioprocess design (HTBD): reproducibility of parallel fed‐batch cultivations with <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2005)

To verify the reproducibility of cultivations of Escherichia coli in novel millilitre-scale bioreactors, fully automated fed-batch cultivation was performed in seven parallel-operated ml-scale bioreactors with an initial volume of 10 ml/reactor. The process was automatically controlled by a liquid-handling system responsible for glucose feeding, titration and sampling. Atline analysis (carried out externally of the reaction vessel with a short time delay) comprised automated pH and attenuance measurements. The partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) was measured online by a novel fluorimetric sensor block measuring the fluorescence lifetime of fluorophors immobilized inside the millilitre-scale bioreactors. Within a process time of 14.6 h, the parallel cultivation yielded a dry cell weight of 36.9+/-0.9 g.l(-1). Atline pH measurements were characterized by an S.D. of <1.1% throughout the process. Computational-fluid-dynamics simulation of single-phase flow yields a mean power input of 21.9 W.l(-1) at an impeller speed of 2800 rev./min corresponding to a power number (NP) of 3.7.
Nucleotide sequence of the leader region of the phenylalanine operon of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1978)

The pheA structural gene of the phenylalanine operon of Escherichia coli is preceded by a transcribed leader region of about 170 nucleotide pairs. In vitro transcription of plasmids and restriction fragments containing the phe promoter and leader region yields a major RNA transcript about 140 nucleotides in length. This transcript, pheA leader RNA, has the following features: (i) a potential ribosome binding site and AUG translation start codon about 20 nucleotides from its 5' end; (ii) 14 additional in phase amino acid codons and a UGA stop codon after the AUG; 7 of these 14 are Phe codons; (iii) a 3'-OH terminus about 140 nucleotides from the 5' end (transcription termination occurs in an A.T-rich region which is subsequent to a G.C-rich region; just beyond the site of transcription termination there is a sequence corresponding to a ribosome binding site and the AUG translation start codon of the pheA structural gene); (iv) a sequence which would permit extensive intrastrand stable hydrogen bonding. In addition to G.C-rich stem structures, highly analogous to those proposed for the leader RNAs of the tryptophan operons of E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium [Lee, F. & Yanofsky, C. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 4365-4369], there is also extensive base-pairing possible between the phe codon region and a more distal region of the leader transcript. The roles of synthesis of the Phe-rich leader peptide and secondary structure of the leader transcript in the regulation of transcription termination at the attenuator of the phe operon are discussed.
Purification and characterization of thermophilin T, a novel bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus thermophilus ACA-DC 0040 (1998)

ACA-DC 0040 produced an antimicrobial agent, which was named thermophilin T, active against several lactic acid bacteria strains of different species and food spoilage bacteria, such as Clostridium sporogenes C22/10 and Cl. tyrobutyricum NCDO-1754. The crude antimicrobial compound is sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and alpha-amylase, heat-stable (100 degrees C for 30 min), resistant to pH exposure at pH 1-12 and demonstrates a bactericidal mode of action against the sensitive strain Lactococcus cremoris CNRZ-117. The production of bacteriocin was optimized approximately 10-fold in an aerobic fermenter held at constant pH 5.8 and 6.2. Ultrafiltration experiments with culture supernatant fluids containing the bacteriocin, and further estimation of molecular weight with gel filtration chromatography, revealed that bacteriocin in the native form has a molecular weight in excess of 300 kDa. SDS-gel electrophoresis of partially purified thermophilin T showed that bacteriocin activity was associated with a protein band of approximately 2.5 kDa molecular mass.
<b>Role Of Augmented Expression Of Intermediate‐Conductance CA<sup>2+</sup>‐Activated K<sup>+</sup> Channels In Postischaemic Heart</b> (2002)

1. The rat intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (ImK) was cloned from a cDNA library of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSM) in rat pulmonary artery. The ImK distributes in a variety of tissue, including VSM, endothelial cells, leucocytes and fibroblasts. The ImK has a tyrosine phosphorylation consensus site in the proximal portion of the C-terminus and motifs exist for the DNA-binding protein AP-1 in the promoter, suggesting this channel is upregulated and active in cell cycle functions. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of ImK in postischaemic cardiovascular remodelling in relation to the angiotensin AT1 receptor-mediated AP-1 signalling pathway. 2. Rats underwent left coronary artery ligation for periods between 1 day and 3 weeks. The temporal profile of expression of ImK mRNA was analysed by RNase protection assay. To test the effect of AT1 receptor blockade, candesartan (3 mg/kg per day) was administered via an osmotic mini-pump implanted in the intraperitoneal space 3 days prior to coronary occlusion. 3. ImK expression in postischaemic hearts showed a significant increase with two distinct peaks; the first peak at day 3 (2.7-fold compared with control levels; P < 0.001) and the second after 2 weeks (1.5-fold; P < 0.01). Reperfusion following 30 min of ischaemia markedly accelerated and augmented the first peak at days 1-3 (4.8-fold), but completely abolished the second peak after 1-2 weeks (0.8-fold). In situ hybridization of ImK mRNA and immunostaining of ImK protein with specific antibody revealed that this was not only the result of the increase in ImK expression in vascular cells, but also related to infiltration of mononuclear leucocytes and fibroblasts into the ischaemic region. Candesartan inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis of coronary arterioles in the non-ischaemic region. Candesartan also abrogated both peaks in ImK expression. 4. These findings indicate that both the inflammatory reaction and the postischaemic cardiovascular remodelling promote increased expression of ImK in postischaemic hearts via the AT1 receptor-mediated AP-1 signalling pathway.
Reinforcement Learning in Continuous Action Spaces through Sequential Monte Carlo Methods (2007)

Learning in real-world domains often requires to deal with continuous state and\naction spaces. Although many solutions have been proposed to apply reinforcement Learning algorithms to continuous state problems, the same techniques can be hardly extended to continuous action spaces, where, besides the computation of a good approximation of the value function, a fast method for the identification of the highest-valued action is needed. In this paper, we propose a novel actor-critic approach in which the policy of the actor is estimated through sequential Monte Carlo methods. The importance sampling step is performed on the basis of the values learned by the critic, while the resampling step modifies the actor’s policy.\nThe proposed approach has been empirically compared to other learning algorithms into several domains; in this paper, we report results obtained in a control problem consisting of steering a boat across a river.
Neuroanatomy of Memory (1993)

Three important developments have occurred in the area of during the past decade. The first was the recognition that there is more than one kind of (Cohen 1984; Schacter 1987; Squire 1982; Tulving 1985). Declarative (or, explicit memory) affords the capacity for con­ scious recollections about facts and events. This is the kind of that is usually referred to when the terms memory or remembering are used in ordinary language. Declarative can be contrasted with nondeclarative (or implicit) memory, a heterogeneous collection of nonconscious abilities that includes the learning of skills and habits, prim­ ing, and some forms of classical conditioning. In these cases, experience cumulates in behavioral change, but without affording access to any content. The distinction between declarative and nondeclarative is fundamental, because it has turned out that different kinds of are supported by different brain systems. The second important development was the establishment of an animal model of human amnesia in the monkey (Mahut & Moss 1984; Mishkin 1982; Squire & Zola-Morgan 1983). In the 1950s, Scoville & Milner (1957) described the severe amnesia that followed bilateral surgical removal of the medial temporal lobe (patient H.M.). This important case demon­ strated that is a distinct cerebral function, dissociable from other perceptual and cognitive abilities. Subsequently, surgical lesions of the medial temporai iobe in monkeys, which approximated the damage sus­ tained by patient H.M., were shown to reproduce many features of human impairment . In particular, both monkeys and humans were
Standard weight for height curves in achondroplasia (1996)

Standard curves developed for the general population cannot be used to assess the growth of an individual who has a condition that results in disproportionate short stature. For this reason, efforts have been made to develop growth curves specific for several of the chondrodysplasias. However, data concerning weight for height have been largely lacking, although they may be of particular importance for conditions such as achondroplasia, where there is some consensus that an increased prevalence of obesity is a particular problem. In this paper we provide standard weight for height curves for males and females with achondroplasia, and discuss the use of several indices which have been applied to the assessment of body fat in the general population.
The Model of Conductive Interference in Rapid Transit Signaling Systems (1986)

With the objective of gaining a complete understanding of conductive interference (CI) in rapid-transit signaling systems, many aspects of the problem have been investigated. This effort has formed part of the Department of Transportation's Urban Mass Transit Administration (UMTA) rail transit EMI/EMC program and has been conducted in coordination with the UMTA-sponsored Rail Transit EMI Technical Working Group. Topics studied have included dc current-dependent ac impedance of third rail and running rail; circuit properties of the running-rail third-rail circuit from train to substation; statistical signal properties and circuit properties of the multicar train as a source of audio-frequency chopper interference; the coupling of CI currents from rails to track circuit receivers; and field measurements of multicar CI. The result of this program is a complete model of CI that relates CI characteristics of single isolated cars to those of an actual system with multicar trains. Implications of the model for system design are discussed.
Granatapfel: Prävention und adjuvante Ernährungstherapie bei Krebserkrankungen (2007)

Der Granatapfel ist eine der ältesten Kultur- und Gesundheitsfrüchte der Menschheit. Aber erst in den letzten sieben Jahren rückte er in den Blickpunkt der Forschung. Weit über 200 Veröffentlichungen mit Peer Review sind bislang erschienen. In vitro, in vivo und in klinischen Studien wurden im Granatapfelsaft überzeugende antioxidative, antiinflammatorische, antiarteriosklerotische und antikanzerogene Wirkungen nachgewiesen. Bei 48 Prostatakrebspatienten zeigte sich u.a. eine Vervierfachung der PSA-Verdoppelungszeit. Andere Studien wiesen dem Granatapfelsaft eine ausgeprägte wachstumshemmende Wirkung gegen Lungen-, Darm-, Haut- und Brustkrebs nach. Der auch für Diabetiker gesunde Saft verbesserte deutlich die Myokarddurchblutung bei KHK-Patienten und reduzierte arteriosklerotische Ablagerungen in der Karotis. Er hemmt Entzündungsprozesse (über NF-kappa-B und TNF-alpha) und die Entwicklung von Alzheimer-Demenz. Hierfür verantwortlich scheinen nicht bestimmte isolierte Verbindungen zu sein, sondern die Synergie aller natürlichen Inhaltsstoffe der Frucht. Diese modulieren Zellsignalwege sowie epigenetisch die Genexpression und -regulation. In der Krebshemmung zeigen Granatapfelsaft und fermentierte Granatapfelsaftextrakte eine deutlich höhere Wirksamkeit als isolierte Verbindungen wie Punicalagin, Ellagsäure oder tanninreiche Extrakte.
Prosody (2015)

Prosody is an evolving and complicated discourse in the nineteenth century rather than a unified field. Dealing as it does with both pronunciation and versification, the concept of prosody is related to grammar, classical verse, music and speech, ideas about national origins, and the development of linguistics as a discipline distinct from English literary studies. Despite hundreds of prosodists arguing about how to measure English poetry, Victorian prosody in particular is often misunderstood. There is a vast and unexplored archive of Victorian prosody theory, primed to overturn many assumptions about the development of poetic genres and forms.
Competitive Advantages, Two‐Way Foreign Investment, and Capital Accumulation in Korea (1992)

This paper provides a simple theoretical framework and an empirical analysis of the relationship among competitive advantages, inward and outward DFI, and domestic capital accumulation, applied to the case of Korea. Outward DFI in Korea is found to originate largely from those sectors in which Korea has proven its competitive advantages in world markets. Inward DFI flows have contributed to enhancing competitive advantages of Korean manufacturing in certain sectors, although it does not seem to lead to a more rapid domestic capital accumulation of the receiving sector, which is largely determined by the profit rates of the various sectors.
Sustaining Post-16 destinations from Alternative Provision: a review of the data and the perspectives of heads from low, mid and high performing schools (2022)

This study set out to explore which practices in alternative provision (AP) settings in England made a difference to post-16 transition success into further education, training or employment. APs provide education for pupils who have been permanently excluded from mainstream schools and those directed there to improve their behaviour. In 2016, 56% of young people transitioning from AP maintained a stable placement in the following year. This study took an approach which combined the analysis of official statistics, freedom of information requests and targeted semi-structured interviews. Findings suggest that practices which increased sustained transitions included; effective and ongoing tracking of ex-students; a high-quality, core academic offer; and opportunities for students to increase their independence by taking well-measured steps outside of their main placement. Additionally, the views of staff and their involvement in, or awareness of, the broader context within which they worked were found to be important. This study evidences the value of comparing outcomes across similar types of setting to improve our understanding of effective practice.
REX: Recursive, Delta-Based Data-Centric Computation (2012)

In today's Web and social network environments, query workloads include ad hoc and OLAP queries, as well as iterative algorithms that analyze data relationships (e.g., link analysis, clustering, learning). Modern DBMSs support ad hoc and OLAP queries, but most are not robust enough to scale to large clusters. Conversely, "cloud" platforms like MapReduce execute chains of batch tasks across clusters in a fault tolerant way, but have too much overhead to support ad hoc queries. Moreover, both classes of platform incur significant overhead in executing iterative data analysis algorithms. Most such iterative algorithms repeatedly refine portions of their answers, until some convergence criterion is reached. However, general cloud platforms typically must reprocess all data in each step. DBMSs that support recursive SQL are more efficient in that they propagate only the changes in each step -- but they still accumulate each iteration's state, even if it is no longer useful. User-defined functions are also typically harder to write for DBMSs than for cloud platforms. We seek to unify the strengths of both styles of platforms, with a focus on supporting iterative computations in which changes, in the form of deltas, are propagated from iteration to iteration, and state is efficiently updated in an extensible way. We present a programming model oriented around deltas, describe how we execute and optimize such programs in our REX runtime system, and validate that our platform also handles failures gracefully. We experimentally validate our techniques, and show speedups over the competing methods ranging from 2.5 to nearly 100 times.
Focal plane arrays based on quantum dot infrared photodetectors (2005)

Here we report the first demonstrations of infrared focal plane array (FPA) based on GaAs and InP based quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs). QDIPs are extension of quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) and are predicted to outperform QWIPs due to their potential advantages including normally incident absorption, higher responsivity and high temperature operation. Two material systems have been studied: InGaAs/InGaP QDIPs on GaAs substrates and InAs QDIP on InP substrates. An InGaAs/InGaP QDIP has been grown on GaAs substrate by LP-MOCVD. Photoresponse was observed at temperatures up to 200 K with a peak wavelength of 4.7 μm and cutoff wavelength of 5.2 μm. A detectivity of 1.2x10<sup>11</sup> cmHz<sup>1/2</sup>/W was obtained at T=77 K and bias of -0.9 V, which is the highest for QDIPs grown by MOCVD. An InAs QDIP structure has also been grown on InP substrate by LP-MOCVD. Photoresponse of normal incidence was observed at temperature up to 160K with a peak wavelength of 6.4 μm and cutoff wavelength of 6.6 μm. A detectivity of 1.0x10<sup>10</sup> cmHz<sup>1/2</sup>/W was obtained at 77K at biases of -1.1 V, which is the first and highest detectivity reported for QDIP on InP substrate. 256×256 detector arrays were fabricated first time in the world for both the GaAs and InP based QDIPs. Dry etching and indium bump bonding were used to hybridize the arrays to a Litton readout integrated circuit. For the InGaAs/InGaP QDIP FPA, thermal imaging was achieved at temperatures up to 120 K. At T=77K, the noise equivalent temperature difference (NEDT) was measured as 0.509K with a 300K background and f/2.3 optics. For the InP based QDIPs, thermal imaging was achieved at 77 K.