gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of an Adaptive Cruise Control / Collision Avoidance with lane change support for vehicle autonomous driving (2009)

This paper presents an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Collision Avoidance (CA) system for vehicle autonomous driving. The control scheme is designed to improve drivers' comfort during multi-vehicle driving situations and to completely avoid rear-end collision using severe braking and lane change maneuver. In order to create such an application, the proposed system consists of a longitudinal control strategy for multi-vehicle ACC with severe braking, a lateral control strategy for lane change, and a decision unit for integration of two strategies. The longitudinal control strategy was used to achieve comfort behavior of subject vehicle in normal-driving situations and to achieve safe behavior in sever-braking situations. The lateral control strategy is used to generate a trajectory for lane change and follow the generated trajectory in order to avoid collision. Finally, the decision unit is used to recognize the current driving situation and select a behavior of the subject vehicle. The performance and safety benefits of the proposed control system are investigated via simulations using various driving scenarios. The simulation results show that the proposed control system performs longitudinal and lateral control strategy depending on the driving situations.
Analysis of corrugated soft edges to reduce scattering from gaps between reflecting panels (2002)

A technique to reduce scattering from gaps between reflecting panels by using the concept of soft surfaces is described, as well as a computer program to analyze it. The computer program has been developed for the analysis of a two-dimensional gap in an infinitely large and perfectly conducting ground plane. The edges of the ground plane can be provided with an arbitrary number of corrugations inside the gap, with arbitrary rectangular shapes. This computer code is used to analyze different geometries in order to look for increased bandwidth. The program has been used to construct corrugations of different depth that reduce the transmission through a gap over a bandwidth of 4:1.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicles in the formation of golgi elements insec23andsec18Saccharomyces Ccerevisiae mutants (1998)

It is concluded that a block of the secretory pathway upstream of the Golgi compartment leads to the disappearance of Golgi networks. The small vesicles and tubules that accumulate during the block in sec18 cells and within minutes after the shift at 20 degrees C in sec23 cells appear to fuse together to form new Golgi networks. Thus, the small vesicles would not fuse with a preexisting Golgi apparatus but would rather fuse together to produce new Golgi networks. Such networks appear as transitory structures continuously undergoing renewal.
Evidence for a Hyperexcitability State of Staggerer Mutant Mice Macrophages (1992)

We recently reported an abnormal production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in peripheral macrophages of several neurological mutant mice that exhibit patterns of neuronal degeneration, especially in the cerebellum. After in vitro activation by lipopolysaccharide acid (LPS), these macrophages hyperexpress IL-1 beta mRNA and hyperproduce IL-1 protein in comparison with +/+ controls. In the present study, focused on the staggerer mutant mice, we investigate if this genetic dysregulation is specific for IL-1 beta or if it reflects a generalized hyperexcitability of these macrophages. The hyperexpression of IL-1 beta mRNA in sg/sg macrophages is present whatever the duration of LPS stimulation, even for periods as short as 15 min, although it reaches a maximum after 4 h of stimulation. The hyperinducibility of sg/sg macrophages is observed even when very low doses of LPS are used (0.01 microgram/ml) and reaches its maximum for 5 micrograms/ml LPS. Synthetic molecules (muramyl dipeptides), such as N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine or murabutide, known as macrophage activators, are also efficient in revealing the cytokine hyperexpression in sg/sg macrophages. In addition, hyperexpression of two other cytokines, i.e., tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1 alpha mRNAs, is also detected in LPS-stimulated macrophages of mutant mice. Finally, the effect of an inhibitor of protein synthesis, cycloheximide, is similar in +/+ and sg/sg macrophages. As a whole, these data lead us to conclude that the sg/sg macrophages are in a state of general hyperexcitability when compared with +/+ ones.
Telomerase gene therapy in adult and old mice delays aging and increases longevity without increasing cancer (2012)

A major goal in aging research is to improve health during aging. In the case of mice, genetic manipulations that shorten or lengthen telomeres result, respectively, in decreased or increased longevity. Based on this, we have tested the effects of a telomerase gene therapy in adult (1 year of age) and old (2 years of age) mice. Treatment of 1- and 2-year old mice with an adeno associated virus (AAV) of wide tropism expressing mouse TERT had remarkable beneficial effects on health and fitness, including insulin sensitivity, osteoporosis, neuromuscular coordination and several molecular biomarkers of aging. Importantly, telomerase-treated mice did not develop more cancer than their control littermates, suggesting that the known tumorigenic activity of telomerase is severely decreased when expressed in adult or old organisms using AAV vectors. Finally, telomerase-treated mice, both at 1-year and at 2-year of age, had an increase in median lifespan of 24 and 13%, respectively. These beneficial effects were not observed with a catalytically inactive TERT, demonstrating that they require telomerase activity. Together, these results constitute a proof-of-principle of a role of TERT in delaying physiological aging and extending longevity in normal mice through a telomerase-based treatment, and demonstrate the feasibility of anti-aging gene therapy.
Voice-activated environmental control system for persons with disabilities (2002)

This paper describes the design of a voice-activated environmental control system to aid persons with disabilities, particularly people with quadriplegia, paraplegia, or cerebral palsy. The system consists of a universal remote control with X10 home automation capability, a Motorola 6811 microprocessor, and an off-the-shelf voice recognition circuit.
A contention-alleviated static keeper for high-performance domino logic circuits (2002)

The domino logic circuit is popular in high performance VLSI chips. A feedback keeper is usually used to overcome the charge sharing problem in the domino circuit. In this paper, a contention-alleviated static keeper (CASK) is proposed. The key idea is to reduce the contention between the pull-down network and the feedback keeper by lowering the gate voltage of the keeper. By using the CASK technique, better performance can be achieved, in addition to maintained noise robustness, with smaller sizing factor. By tuning the gate-bias voltage to the feedback PMOS, the proposed keeper is suitable for domino circuits with a range of supply voltage. Additionally, the CASK has been demonstrated to enhance the performance of low-power low swing domino circuits, and the results show that delay and power can be reduced by 26% and 11%, respectively.
Predictive PID Control of Non-Minimum Phase Systems (2011)

Control engineers have been aware of non-minimum phase systems showing either undershoot or time-delay characteristics for some considerable time A number of researchers that addressed this problem from a predictive control point of view mainly followed one of two approaches: a classical (non-optimal) predictive approach or a modern optimisation based predictive approach The common characteristic of all these approaches is that they are model-based. Predictive control allows the controller to predict future changes in the output signal and to use this prediction to generate a desirable control variable. The classical predictive controllers that are most widely considered include the Smith predictor structure and the internal model control (IMC) structure (Katebi & Moradi,
STANDARD EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR SUBMARINE SIMULATION (1967)

Abstract : Standard equations of motion are presented for use in submarine simulation studies being conducted for the U. S. Navy. The equations are general enough to simulate the trajectories and responses of submarines in six degrees of freedom resulting from various types of normal maneuvers as well as for extreme maneuvers such as those associated with emergency recoveries from sternplane jam and flooding casualties. Information is also presented pertaining to the hydrodynamic coefficients and other input data needed to perform simulation studies of specific submarine designs with the standard equations of motion.
Desynchronization of electrically evoked auditory-nerve activity by high-frequency pulse trains of long duration (2003)

Rubinstein et al. [Hear. Res. 127, 108-118 (1999)] suggested that the neural representation of the waveforms of electric stimuli might be improved by introducing an ongoing, high-rate, desynchronizing pulse train (DPT). A DPT may desynchronize neural responses to electric stimulation in a manner similar to spontaneous activity in a healthy ear. To test this hypothesis, responses of auditory-nerve fibers (ANFs) to 10-min-long electric pulse trains (5 kpps) were recorded from acutely deafened, anesthetized cats. Stimuli were delivered via an intracochlear electrode, and their amplitude was chosen to elicit a response in most ANFs. Responses to pulse trains showed pronounced adaptation during the first 1-2 min, followed by either a sustained response or cessation of spike discharges for the remainder of the stimulus. The adapted discharge rates showed a broad distribution across the ANF population like spontaneous activity. However, a higher proportion of fibers (46%) responded to the DPT at rates below 5 spikes/s than for spontaneous activity, and 12% of the fibers responded at higher rates than any spontaneously active fiber. Interspike interval histograms of sustained responses for some fibers had Poisson-like (exponential) shapes, resembling spontaneous activity, while others exhibited preferred intervals and, occasionally, bursting. Simultaneous recordings from pairs of fibers revealed no evidence of correlated activity, suggesting that the DPT does desynchronize the auditory nerve activity. Overall, these results suggest that responses to an ongoing DPT resemble spontaneous activity in a normal ear for a substantial fraction of the ANFs.
Computer aided design of computer generated holograms for electron beam fabrication (1989)

Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems that have been developed for electrical and mechanical design tasks are also effective tools for the process of designing Computer Generated Holograms (CGHs), particularly when these holograms are to be fabricated using electron beam lithography. CAD workstations provide efficient and convenient means of computing, storing, displaying, and preparing for fabrication many of the features that are common to CGH designs. Experience gained in the process of designing CGHs with various types of encoding methods is presented. Suggestions are made so that future workstations may further accommodate the CGH design process.
An infrared upconverter for astronomical imaging (1977)

An imaging upconverter has been constructed which is suitable for use in the study of the thermal 10-μm radiation from astronomical sources. The infrared radiation is converted to visible radiation by mixing in a 1-cm-long proustite crystal. The phase-matched 2-cm−1 bandpass is tunable from 9 to 11 μm. The conversion efficiency is 2×10−7, and the field of view of 40 arc seconds on the sky contains several hundred picture elements, approximately diffraction-limited resolution in a large telescope. The instrument has been used in studies of the sun, moon, Mercury, and VY Canis Majoris.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Airflow in the Normal Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses (2008)

The major airflow forms are straight (lower common and inferior meatus) and parabolic (middle and upper common meatus and middle superior). Flow force is strongest at the front end of the inferior and middle turbinate and uncinate process. There is very little exchange between the paranasal sinus and the nasal cavity during stable airflow.
Generalised Fresnel's law for loss due to curvature (1973)

Many rays, predicted by Fresnel's laws to be totally reflected from a curved interface between two dielectric media, are only partially reflected. We derive a generalised Fresnel transmission coefficient to account for this loss. Our transmission coefficient applies to an arbitrary surface; e.g. one defined by two arbitrary radii of curvature. It can be used to determine radiation loss from bent and straight circular optical fibres.
Enteroviruses and the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (1994)

The possible role of enteroviral persistence in the etiology of the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) was investigated by serological testing, VP-1 antigen testing, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of stool specimens as well as by viral cultures of stool--both direct and after acid treatment. No differences between 76 patients with disabling unexplained fatigue and 76 matched controls were found by serological or antigen testing. Furthermore, no enteroviruses were isolated from any stool culture. Enterovirus was detected by PCR in one stool specimen from a patient with CFS but was not detectable in a second sample obtained from the same patient 3 months later. All stool specimens from controls were PCR-negative. These results argue against the hypothesis that enteroviruses persist in patients with CFS and that their persistence plays a role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
Indoor TDOA Mobile Positioning with Clock Drift and Its Cramer-Rao Bound (2013)

The paper presents a time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) position estimation algorithm for indoor positioning in the present of clock drift in a mobile terminal. Then, a new Cramér-Rao bound is derived as a benchmark of the algorithm. The simulation results show that an acceptable positioning accuracy can be achieved when at least five access points in wireless local area networks are involved in positioning. Moreover, when the clock drift or the TDOA is considerably large, the proposed algorithm outperforms the algorithm without considering the clock drift. © VDE VERLAG GMBH.
Cardiovascular effects of erythropoietin and anemia correction (2001)

Although recombinant erythropoietin has no short-acting pressor effect in vivo, its long-term administration frequently raises arterial pressure in humans and animals, with renal insufficiency. Contrary to the original view, erythropoietin-induced hypertension is not due to amelioration of anemia, because a similar rise in blood pressure occurs, despite persistent anemia, in erythropoietin-treated iron-deficient animals and humans. Moreover, multiple small blood transfusions administered to simulate the action of erythropoietin fail to increase blood pressure. Finally, iron repletion in severely anemic iron-deficient patients maintained on constant erythropoietin dosages does not raise blood pressure, despite a dramatic increase in hematocrit. Thus, chronic erythropoietin administration results in a hematocrit-independent, vasoconstriction-dependent hypertension that is marked by, and largely due to, elevated resting and agonist-stimulated cytoplasmic calcium concentration, leading to resistance to the vasodilatory action of nitric oxide. In addition, increased endothelin production, upregulation of tissue (but not circulating) renin and angiotensinogen expression, and a possible change in vascular tissue prostaglandin production have been variably demonstrated with erythropoietin administration in humans, intact animals and cultured endothelial cells. Erythropoietin has been shown to promote angiogenesis and stimulate endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Finally, partial correction of anemia with erythropoietin therapy may partly prevent or reverse left ventricular hypertrophy in dialysis-dependent and dialysis-independent patients with chronic renal insufficiency. However, data on the risks and benefits of complete correction of anemia in this population are limited and inconclusive, and await future investigation.
Cysteinyl-leukotriene1 receptor is a potent target for the prevention and treatment of human urological cancer. (2013)

Leukotrienes (LTs) are biologically active fatty acids derived from the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. LTs work to contract airway smooth muscle, increase vascular permeability and mucus secretions, and attract and activate inflammatory cells in the airways of patients with asthma. Recently, it was reported that the LTD4 receptor (cysteinylLT1 receptor; CysLT1R) plays an important role in carcinogenesis. In this study, CysLT1R expression was examined in human urological cancer cell lines (renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer and testicular cancer) using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. The effect of CysLT1R antagonist on these cells was also examined using the MTT assay, Hoechst staining and flow cytometry. CysLT1R expression was significantly more extensive and intense in the malignant tissues than in normal tissues. Furthermore, CysLT1R antagonist induced a reduction in malignant cell viability through early apoptosis. These results demonstrate that CysLT1R expressed in urological cancer may play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. CysLT1R may therefore be a novel target in the treatment of urological cancer.
Functional three‐dimensional HepG2 aggregate cultures generated from an ultrasound trap: Comparison with HepG2 spheroids (2007)

Three-dimensional culture systems are an ideal in vitro model being capable of sustaining cell functionalities in a manner that resembles the in vivo conditions. In the present study, we developed an ultrasound trap-based technique to rapidly produce HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cell aggregates within 30 min. Enhanced junctional F-actin was observed at the points of cell-cell contact throughout the aggregates. HepG2 aggregates prepared by the ultrasound trap can be maintained in culture on a P-HEMA-coated surface for up to 3 weeks. The cells in these aggregates proliferated during the initial 3 days and cell number was consistent during the following maintenance period. Albumin secretion from these HepG2 aggregates recovered after 3 days of aggregate formation and remained relatively stable for the following 12 days. Cytochrome P450-1A1 activity was significantly enhanced after 6 days with maximal enzyme activity observed between 9 and 18 days. In addition, comparison experiments demonstrated that HepG2 aggregates generated by the ultrasound trap had comparable functional characterizations with HepG2 spheroids formed by a traditional gyrotatory-mediated method. Our results suggest that HepG2 aggregate cultures prepared through the ultrasound trap-based technique may provide a novel approach to produce in vitro models for hepatocyte functional studies.
Synergistic cytotoxicity exhibited by combination treatment of selective retinoid ligands with taxol (Paclitaxel). (2001)

The focus of this study was to develop retinoic acid receptor (RAR) RAR alpha/beta selective agonists with anticancer efficacy and reduced toxicity associated with RAR gamma activity. In these studies, we report the identification and characterization of high-affinity RAR alpha/beta selective agonists with limited RAR gamma activity. These compounds inhibited human tumor cell line proliferation with similar efficacy to that observed for a pan-RAR agonist. However, for most tumor cell lines, the efficacy of these compounds was restricted to the micromolar range. To determine whether the RAR alpha/beta selective agonists could be additive or synergistic with existing agents, we investigated the effects of combining RAR alpha/beta selective agonists with various cytotoxic agents. Our results showed that the alpha/beta selective retinoids dramatically lowered the effective dose of Taxol needed to induce cytotoxicity of a wide range of tumor cell lines. This synergy was specific to tubulin-modifying agents and could not be observed with a variety of other cytotoxic agents of diverse function. Examination of pathways common to Taxol and retinoid signaling revealed that this synergy was related in part to effects on Bcl-2 expression/phosphorylation as well as the activity of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase and activator protein-1. In contrast, the tubulin polymerization induced by Taxol was not further affected by cotreatment with a variety of retinoid receptor ligands. These observations indicate that potent RAR alpha/beta selective agonists may be of therapeutic benefit in combination with Taxol therapy.
Tag, You're It: Ranging and Finding via RFID Technology (2013)

This article has offered a brief overview of the most recent approaches to exploit RFID technology for ranging and locating tagged objects. Given the basic ideas reported in [1]-[3], we have focused on the most recent solutions addressing context-aware applications and the paradigm of ambient intelligence. These contexts are based on the ubiquitous presence of objects carrying some intelligence to be exchanged with the surrounding objects and environments in real time. For this reason, locating and discovering objects is a challenging aspect for the effective exploitation of RFID-based localization techniques.
Time-multiplexed multi-view three-dimensional display with projector array and steering screen (2018)

A novel time-multiplexed multi-view three-dimensional (3D) display has been implemented using a projector array to provide the image source and an angular steering-screen module to generate multiple high density horizontal views. The liquid crystal (LC)-based steering screen was specially developed to deflect light beams over a small range and operate in synchronism with the projector array with the use of a customized FPGA driver. The prototype produces vivid color 3D scenes with smooth parallax to multiple viewers. The experimental results verify the proposed multi-projection time-multiplexed multi-view 3D display method that uses a steering screen to produce dense views. Displaying both static and dynamic 3D contents is achieved in our implemented 36-view 3D display prototype. The results of crosstalk measurements are given and analyzed to evaluate the display performance.
Evaluation of State-of-Charge Indicator Approaches for EVs (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Studies of battery management systems (BMS), including state-of-charge (SOC) algorithms, were performed in the Battery Test and Vehicle Dynamometer Laboratories at the INEL. The test and evaluation of the SOC algorithms indicated that the capacity rate dependent and adaptive approaches to determining battery SOC yielded RMS errors between the indicated and actual states-of-charge of less than 10% if battery temperature and aging effects were not dominate. The BMS tested were not sufficiently accurate and reliable to permit their use as the primary means of charge control during the various INEL test programs. Considerable progress has been made in the development of BMS, but further work is needed before the systems can be used with confidence in either the charge or discharge modes without careful attention from the user.</div>