gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamics for Engineers (2025)

Revised and expanded to reflect cutting-edge innovation in aerodynamics, and packed with new features to support learning, the seventh edition of this classic textbook introduces the fundamentals of aerodynamics using clear explanations and real-world examples. Structured around clear learning objectives, this is the ideal textbook for undergraduate students in aerospace engineering, and for graduate students and professional engineers seeking a readable and accessible reference. Over 10 new Aerodynamics Computation boxes that bring students up to speed on modern computational approaches for performing aerodynamic analysis, including various Matlab® programs, OpenVSP, XFOIL, CBAero, Kestrel, and other analysis tools. New end-of-chapter team projects show students how to work together to solve larger, more important aerodynamic problems, in many cases using the computational approaches listed above. New and expanded coverage of propellers, UAVs, transonic wings, wingtip devices, drones, hypersonic aircraft, and aircraft design. New pedagogical features including Look Ahead navigation, expanded use of SI units in new homework problems, and many new Aerodynamics Concepts boxes featuring advanced experimental aircraft concepts. Additional references in each chapter that bring current advancements in aerodynamics into each part of the book.
Production of Functional Lipids by Microorganisms (2003)

アラキドン酸などの高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する油脂の発酵生産が実用生産レベルでの成果をあげて以来, 油量植物や動物油脂からは得がたい機能性脂質を微生物に求める試みが多方面からなされており, 新規な高機能性脂質を供給する手段として, 食品・医薬などの分野から高い注目を集めている。ここでは, これまでに可能となったMortierella属糸状菌を用いた種々の高度不飽和脂肪酸生産を概観するとともに, 新たな機能性脂質として注目を集めている共役脂肪酸の微生物生産についての最新の研究成果を紹介する。
Censored exploration and the dark pool problem (2010)

Dark pools are a recent type of stock exchange in which information about outstanding orders is deliberately hidden in order to minimize the market impact of large-volume trades. The success and proliferation of dark pools have created challenging and interesting problems in algorithmic trading---in particular, the problem of optimizing the allocation of a large trade over multiple competing dark pools. In this work, we formalize this optimization as a problem of multi-venue exploration from censored data, and provide a provably efficient and near-optimal algorithm for its solution. Our algorithm and its analysis have much in common with well-studied algorithms for managing the exploration--exploitation trade-off in reinforcement learning. We also provide an extensive experimental evaluation of our algorithm using dark pool execution data from a large brokerage.
GENETICS OF BACTERIAL RIBOSOMES (1977)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
Optical mixer-preamplifier for lightwave subcarrier systems (1988)

An optical travelling-wave amplifier (TWA) is used as a combined mixer and preamplifier for 1.3 μm wavelength subcarrier-modulated optical signals. By modulating the TWA gain at the local oscillator frequency flo, sum and difference frequencies (fs ± flo) are generated, where fs, is the frequency of intensity modulation of the input signal.
Development of Multi-Layer Plastic Fuel Tanks for Nissan Research Vehicle-II (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Plastic fuel tanks are light in weight and rustproof, and have good design flexibility. For those currently in use, however, which are made of mono-layer high-density polyethylene, fuel permeability is too high to meet U.S. evaporative emission standards, which are stricter than those in Japan or the EEC.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For minimize fuel permeation, the formation of a harrier layer of polyamide resin by multilayer (three-resin five-layer) blow molding is considered more promising than sulphonation or fluorination treatment of the polyethylene resin.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the fuel permeation mechanism, then outlines the development of a multi-layer plastic fuel tank, discussion its structural features and the development of resins.</div>
Impact of Error Correction Code and Dynamic Memory Reconfiguration on High-Reliability/Low-Cost Server Memory (2006)

History has shown that DRAM technology shrinks as the server memory density grows and, at the same time, user expectation of system uptime increases. Given this, new mitigation techniques are required to reduce the impact of DRAM faults on server reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS). This study shows the trade-offs in the effectiveness of two commonly used error correction codes (ECC) and two dynamic memory reconfiguration (DMR) schemes with various types of anticipated memory failures. This study proposes a "RAS intelligent" way to look at device reliability as DRAM technology scales below 100nm
Ecological and Evolutionary Determinants of Bark Beetle —Fungus Symbioses (2012)

Ectosymbioses among bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and fungi (primarily ophiostomatoid Ascomycetes) are widespread and diverse. Associations range from mutualistic to commensal, and from facultative to obligate. Some fungi are highly specific and associated only with a single beetle species, while others can be associated with many. In addition, most of these symbioses are multipartite, with the host beetle associated with two or more consistent partners. Mycangia, structures of the beetle integument that function in fungal transport, have evolved numerous times in the Scolytinae. The evolution of such complex, specialized structures indicates a high degree of mutual dependence among the beetles and their fungal partners. Unfortunately, the processes that shaped current day beetle-fungus symbioses remain poorly understood. Phylogeny, the degree and type of dependence on partners, mode of transmission of symbionts (vertical vs. horizontal), effects of the abiotic environment, and interactions among symbionts themselves or with other members of the biotic community, all play important roles in determining the composition, fidelity, and longevity of associations between beetles and their fungal associates. In this review, I provide an overview of these associations and discuss how evolution and ecological processes acted in concert to shape these fascinating, complex symbioses.
Haptic display of movable virtual object with interface device capable of continuous-time impedance display by analog circuit (2003)

Stability of haptic interface is an important issue in virtual reality because ail operator touches directly a haptic interface device. The stability is influenced by sampling period and discrete-time property of control system. In this paper, for decreasing the influence of sampling system, we propose a haptic device with an analog circuit, which is placed between the computer and the haptic device and works as springs and dampers. The control system can specify the stiffness and the damping coefficients and their equilibrium. For displaying virtual objects that can move in virtual environment, we propose two methods to utilize the device, continuous-time coupling impedance (CCI) method and continuous-time object impedance (COI) method. We also analyze the passivity of each method for 1-DOF display system. Finally, some experimental results in two-dimensional virtual environment are presented to show the validity of the proposed approach.
High-Affinity Ligand Probes of CD22 Overcome the Threshold Set by <i>cis</i> Ligands to Allow for Binding, Endocytosis, and Killing of B Cells (2006)

CD22 (Siglec-2) is a key regulator of B cell signaling whose function is modulated by interaction with extracellular glycan ligands mediated through its N-terminal Ig domain. Its preferred ligand is the sequence Sia alpha2-6Gal that is abundantly expressed on N-linked glycans of B cell glycoproteins, and by binding to CD22 in cis causes CD22 to appear "masked" from binding to synthetic sialoside probes. Yet, despite the presence of cis ligands, CD22 redistributes to sites of cell contact by binding to trans ligands on neighboring cells. In this study, we demonstrate the dynamic equilibrium that exists between CD22 and its cis and trans ligands, using a high-affinity multivalent sialoside probe that competes with cis ligands and binds to CD22 on native human and murine B cells. Consistent with the constitutive endocytosis reported for CD22, the probes are internalized once bound, demonstrating that CD22 is an endocytic receptor that can carry ligand-decorated "cargo" to intracellular compartments. Conjugation of the sialoside probes to the toxin saporin resulted in toxin uptake and toxin-mediated killing of B lymphoma cell lines, suggesting an alternative approach for targeting CD22 for treatment of B cell lymphomas.
Using Excel's Matrix Operations to Facilitate Reciprocal Cost Allocations (2009)

The reciprocal method of service department cost allocation requires linear equations to be solved simultaneously. These computations are often so complex as to cause the abandonment of the reciprocal method in favor of the less sophisticated direct or step-down methods. Here is a short example demonstrating how Excel's sometimes unknown matrix operations can be used to greatly simplify the reciprocal allocation method. Students do not need to possess a strong background in matrix algebra to use this approach.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectral parameters in bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes. .alpha.-Pinene, myrtenal, and verbenone (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance spectral parameters in bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes. .alpha.-Pinene, myrtenal, and verbenoneRobert B. Bates and V. P. ThalackerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 5, 1730–1732Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01269a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01269a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Experimental study on hydroxyapatite soaked in sodium fluoride--with special reference to bone formation]. (1991)

An experimental comparative study on bone formation regarding surface implantation was performed on thirty three adult mongrel dogs; using either a hydroxyapatite soaked in sodium fluoride (F-HAP) or a hydroxyapatite (HAP). F-HAP was made as follows: the HAP was soaked in 100ml of sodium fluoride solution of 5ppm., 10ppm. and 100ppm. concentration for an hour under vacuum deaeration+. Under general anesthesia, specimens were implanted into the bone immediately inferior to tibial tubercle by opening a window using a 3.5mm drill. Postoperative course was observed periodically (radiologically, macroscopically and histopathologically) from one to twelve weeks. There were no marked differences on X-rays or macroscopic findings between HAP and F-HAP. Histopathologically, there was significant new bone formation in the F-HAP specimens up until four weeks postoperatively. The 5ppm specimen especially indicated the most significant bone formation. The results of this study suggested that F-HAP was a better biomaterial (concerning new bone formation on the implant's surface) and that 5ppm was at optimal concentration for early new bone formation.
Early intervention for trauma-related problems following mass trauma (2007)

This chapter addresses public mental health interventions in the immediate phase following disasters and mass violence. Studies on the relative contribution of early arousal to subsequent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the possible pharmacological strategies to reduce expressed adrenergic activity, suggest that the initial stress response is a necessary but insufficient cause of traumatic stress disorders. Social resources, such as social support, socioeconomic status, and access to services, have shown strong effects on mental health and played a variety of roles in the stress process. While offering cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)-based trauma-focused interventions may be helpful for some disaster survivors in the first month after the trauma, it may be lower on the hierarchy of needs for survivors faced with complex and chronic stressors. Further research into the needs of disaster-affected populations will help guide the timing of interventions, of both early and later-stage interventions after disasters.
Integrating Electromagnetic Data with Other Geophysical Observations for Enhanced Imaging of the Earth: A Tutorial and Review (2017)

In this review, I discuss the basic principles of joint inversion and constrained inversion approaches and show a few instructive examples of applications of these approaches in the literature. Starting with some basic definitions of the terms joint inversion and constrained inversion, I use a simple three-layered model as a tutorial example that demonstrates the general properties of joint inversion with different coupling methods. In particular, I investigate to which extent combining different geophysical methods can restrict the set of acceptable models and under which circumstances the results can be biased. Some ideas on how to identify such biased results and how negative results can be interpreted conclude the tutorial part. The case studies in the second part have been selected to highlight specific issues such as choosing an appropriate parameter relationship to couple seismic and electromagnetic data and demonstrate the most commonly used approaches, e.g., the cross-gradient constraint and direct parameter coupling. Throughout the discussion, I try to identify topics for future work. Overall, it appears that integrating electromagnetic data with other observations has reached a level of maturity and is starting to move away from fundamental proof-of-concept studies to answering questions about the structure of the subsurface. With a wide selection of coupling methods suited to different geological scenarios, integrated approaches can be applied on all scales and have the potential to deliver new answers to important geological questions.
ChemInform Abstract: AMMONOLYSIS OF TRIAMIDOHALOPHOSPHONIUM HALIDES (1980)

Abstract Die Halogen‐phosphoniumhalogenide (I) reagieren mit Ammoniak zu Amido‐phosphoniumhalogeniden (II).
Bacteria in relation to country life, (1911)

Lire in the country, like that in the city, has been rendered less simple by inventions and scientific investigations.A whole series of new problems have arisen within a single generation and have called forth more or less successiui attempts at their solution.Among these new problems we may properly include that of the bacteria, those minute living things that float in the air that we breathe, that exist for our weal or woe in the water that we drink, that perform a mighty work in the soil and thereby make it possible for generations of plants and of animals to come and go.The extreme smallness of the bacteria renders them invisible to the naked eye, and makes it difficult for the layman to think of them as definite living beings entrusted with an important task in the continuing of life.The deepening current of human existence now forces us to study the bacteria and other microérganisms.In so far as they are dangerous to our health and happiness we must learn to defend ourselves ;we must learn to destroy them or to render them harmless.In so far as they are beneficial, we must learn to (vii) viii Preface control them and to make their activities widely useful to human society.The present volume is an attempt to treat, in a simple way, of the bacteria as they concern life in the country.It is an attempt to discuss the character of the bacteria in air, water, sewage, manure, soil, and food products.Technical terms and expressions have been eliminated.asfar as practicable, and it is hoped that the general reader may find the book an aid in the understanding of the bacteriological problems as they affect the daily tasks on the farm.
Dynamic Image-Based Visual Servo Control Using Centroid and Optic Flow Features (2007)

This paper considers the question of designing a fully image-based visual servo control for a class of dynamic systems. The work is motivated by the ongoing development of image-based visual servo control of small aerial robotic vehicles. The kinematics and dynamics of a rigid-body dynamical system (such as a vehicle airframe) maneuvering over a flat target plane with observable features are expressed in terms of an un-normalized spherical centroid and an optic flow measurement. The image-plane dynamics with respect to force input are dependent on the height of the camera above the target plane. This dependence is compensated by introducing virtual height dynamics and adaptive estimation in the proposed control. A fully nonlinear adaptive control design is provided that ensures asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system for all feasible initial conditions. The choice of control gains is based on an analysis of the asymptotic dynamics of the system. Results from a realistic simulation are presented that demonstrate the performance of the closed-loop system. To the author’s knowledge, this paper documents the first time that an image-based visual servo control has been proposed for a dynamic system using vision measurement for both position and velocity.
A system for enhancing genome-wide coexpression dynamics study (2004)

Statistical similarity analysis has been instrumental in elucidation of the voluminous microarray data. Genes with correlated expression profiles tend to be functionally associated. However, the majority of functionally associated genes turn out to be uncorrelated. One conceivable reason is that the expression of a gene can be sensitively dependent on the often-varying cellular state. The intrinsic state change has to be plastically accommodated by gene-regulatory mechanisms. To capture such dynamic coexpression between genes, a concept termed "liquid association" (LA) has been introduced recently. LA offers a scoring system to guide a genome-wide search for critical cellular players that may interfere with the coexpression of a pair of genes, thereby weakening their overall correlation. Although the LA method works in many cases, a direct extension to more than two genes is hindered by the "curse of dimensionality." Here we introduce a strategy of finding an informative 2D projection to generalize LA for multiple genes. A web site is constructed that performs on-line LA computation for any user-specified group of genes. We apply this scoring system to study yeast protein complexes by using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein complexes database of the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences. Human genes are also investigated by profiling of 60 cancer cell lines of the National Cancer Institute. In particular, our system links the expression of the Alzheimer's disease hallmark gene APP (amyloid-beta precursor protein) to the beta-site-cleaving enzymes BACE and BACE2, the gamma-site-cleaving enzymes presenilin 1 and 2, apolipoprotein E, and other Alzheimer's disease-related genes.
Electroinitiated cationic polymerization in the presence of diaryliodonium salts (1998)

Rapid and efficient electrochemical initiation of cationic polymerization takes place at low potentials in the presence of diaryliodonium salts bearing non-nucleophilic anions. The mechanism of this polymerization was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and by the analysis of the products of electrolysis. A mechanism involving reduction of the diaryliodonium salts by free radical species formed by electrolysis of trace amounts of water present in the reaction mixture is postulated. The electroinitiated cationic polymerization of typical vinyl and heterocyclic monomers was investigated.
Effect of Contact Lens Materials on Tear Physiology (2004)

Generally, all soft contact lens materials significantly and adversely affected tear physiology by increasing the evaporation rate and decreasing tear thinning time. The surface wetting ability of all contact lens materials exhibited no significantly difference irrespective of the special surface treatments. Only in PLTF structure and in PLTF elimination rate were differences found from the conventional low water content materials; omafilcon A was better in PLTF structure and in PLTF elimination.
Comparative Study of Smile Analysis by Subjective and Computerized Methods (2006)

The McNemar test showed a highly significant difference (p=0.0000) among the subjective analyses performed by specialists compared to general dentists. Between the 2 groups of dental professionals, there were highly significant differences (p=0.0000) found between the subjective analyses of the smile and that of the face. The McNemar test showed statistical differences in all factors assessed, with the exception of the midline (p=0.1951), when the computerized analysis and subjective analysis of the specialists were compared. In order to establish harmony of the smile, it was not possible to establish a greater or lesser relevance among the factors analyzed.
The Effect of Space Charge and Residual Gases on Thermionic Currents in High Vacuum (1913)

HEN a carbon or metal filament is heated in a vacuum and sur- rounded by a positively charged metal cylinder, it is we11 known that electrons are given off by the hot solid.This effect in lamps has been commonly known as the Edison effect and has been rather fully described in the case of carbon lamps by Fleming.'Richardson and others have studied quantitatively the ionization produced by hot solids, especially from heated platinum, and have col- lected a large amount of data.It has generally been found that the saturation current is independent of the pressure of the gas and increases rapidly with increasing temperature of the filament.However, certain gases were found to have very marked effects; for example, traces of hydrogen were.found to enormously increase the saturation current obtained from hot platinum.' Recent investigations have shown' that at least in some cases the current is due to secondary chemical effects.Pring and Parker4 showed that the current obtained from incandescent carbon could be cut down to very small values by progressive purification of the carbon and improvement of the vacuum.They conclude that "the large currents hitherto obtained with heated carbon cannot be ascribed to the emission of electrons from carbon itself, but that they are probably due to some reaction at high temperatures between the carbon, or contained impurities, and the surrounding gases, which involves the emission of electrons." Pring and Parker observed also that the ioni- zation (or rather thermionic current) "increased only very slightly with the temperature above Isoo'."The eSect of these publications, together with that of Soddy, ' who noticed similar effects with a %ehnelt cathode, has been to cast doubt on the existence of a thermionic current in a perfect vacuum and from pure metals.The opinion seems to be gaining ground, especially in Germany, ' Phil.Mag. , 42, p. 52 (I896).