gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping knowledge domains: Characterizing PNAS (2004)

A review of data mining and analysis techniques that can be used for the mapping of knowledge domains is given. Literature mapping techniques can be based on authors, documents, journals, words, and/or indicators. Most mapping questions are related to research assessment or to the structure and dynamics of disciplines or networks. Several mapping techniques are demonstrated on a data set comprising 20 years of papers published in PNAS. Data from a variety of sources are merged to provide unique indicators of the domain bounded by PNAS. By using funding source information and citation counts, it is shown that, on an aggregate basis, papers funded jointly by the U.S. Public Health Service (which includes the National Institutes of Health) and non-U.S. government sources outperform papers funded by other sources, including by the U.S. Public Health Service alone. Grant data from the National Institute on Aging show that, on average, papers from large grants are cited more than those from small grants, with performance increasing with grant amount. A map of the highest performing papers over the 20-year period was generated by using citation analysis. Changes and trends in the subjects of highest impact within the PNAS domain are described. Interactions between topics over the most recent 5-year period are also detailed.
Motion and segmentation prediction in image sequences based on moving object tracking (2002)

The image sequence is represented as a set of moving regions which make up moving objects. Motion, position and gray level (or color) information is used for segmenting the moving objects. A criterion is proposed for modeling the 3-D motion and segmentation. After identifying the occluding regions, the moving objects are tracked over the next frames. Prediction is employed for estimating the future moving object position and its optical flow.
Comparison of Human Herpes Virus 8 Related Primary Effusion Lymphoma with Human Herpes Virus 8 Unrelated Primary Effusion Lymphoma-Like Lymphoma on the Basis of HIV: Report of 2 Cases and Review of 212 Cases in the Literature (2006)

Both PEL and PEL-like lymphoma are thought to be characterized by a peculiar proliferation, regardless of the presence of HHV8. Dividing PEL or PEL-like lymphoma into two subgroups on the basis of HIV presentation might also be appropriate.
Implementation of a 1oo2-RISC-architecture on FPGA for safety systems (2008)

Nowadays embedded systems are increasingly used in industrial applications. FPGAs are being used in complex roles in critical systems. The purpose of this paper is to present the basic ideas behind the building of safety related loo2 system on FPGA platform. Since systems with a single processor (loo1) provide cost effective inputs with a safety integrity rating of SIL <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> 2, a dual architecture (loo2) which provide high safety integrity to a rating of SIL 3, is presented. In the first part the complete design of a simple FPGA 16 bit RISC processor and a system on-chip design in synthesizable VHDL is presented and the safety demands for the loo2 architecture is given. In the second half of the paper, the implementation of the RISC architecture and of the loo2 architecture and some running applications are shown.
REPORT OF URANIUM ISOTOPE SEPARATION REVIEW AD HOC COMMITTEE. (1972)

that a panel of experts be appointed to evaluate the potential of all known processes for the separation of uranium isotopes other than gaseous diffusion and gas centrifuge methods.Dr. Manson Benedict was named as Chairman of a Committee of six experts
Architecture Design and Evaluation of Hybrid AC/DC Power Grids Based on Power Electronic Transformer (2019)

This paper presents the architecture design and evaluation method of power electronic transformer (PET) based hybrid AC/DC power grids. The architecture design is carried out from two aspects: one is AC/DC hybrid substation wiring mode, and the other is PET based DC grid topology. Then the benefit evaluation of different architecture is established, including maximum power supply capacity, power supply reliability, and fault operation characteristics. Finally, all these operation performances of three typical architectures are compared and analyzed.
Hydroxyapatite-Coated Total Hip Prostheses Two-Year Clinical and Roentgenographic Results of 100 Cases (1990)

Studies of implant fixation have shown that hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings provide early and strong fixation to bone. This is a report of 100 consecutive cases of total hip arthroplasties, using HA coating, which were mainly for osteoarthrosis, avascular necrosis, or revision for failed implants. The average prospective follow-up period was two years. Titanium femoral components had a proximal HA coating, usually with an HA-coated screw cup. For both HA-coated components, the average Harris hip score was 96 points after one year and 98 after two years. Analysis of data shows that the incidence of pain was low immediately after surgery and at 4% one year postoperatively. There was no difference between the results of primary cases and revisions after the one-year interval. On roentgenographic examination, there was a rapid bony integration of implants with bone apposition on the coating within six months, accompanied by specific patterns of remodeling. No radiolucent line formation was detected around HA-coated implant parts. There were no revisions for loose implants. After two years, 97% of the patients had positive roentgenographic evidence of femoral ingrowth compared to 55% for HA-coated acetabular cups, with a statistical significance between bone ingrowth and clinical results. Implant fixation using HA coatings is a reliable procedure for good bony fixation and clinical results.
IFN-gamma is critical to the control of murine autoimmune encephalomyelitis and regulates both in the periphery and in the target tissue: a possible role for nitric oxide. (1999)

NO and IFN-gamma have normally been considered cytotoxic and proinflammatory molecules, respectively, in the setting of the central nervous system inflammatory disease autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using mice lacking the ligand binding chain of the IFN-gamma receptor (IFNgammaR-/-), we have previously shown that IFN-gamma is not essential for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55) induced EAE expression but is in fact essential for its down-regulation. Here we examined the downstream molecular and cellular mechanism(s) of IFN-gamma regulation and demonstrate that neither IL-4 nor IL-10 appear to play a role in down-regulation nor do various lymphoid cell populations. Cells of the macrophage lineage are key to down-regulation as evidenced by the fact that peritoneal exudate cells from IFNgammaR+/+ mice inhibit Ag-driven proliferation of IFNgammaR-/- lymphocytes, whereas IFNgammaR-/- peritoneal exudate cells do not. High levels of reactive nitrogen intermediates are detected in the former cultures but not the latter, and the inhibition of proliferation is reversible with an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase, indicating a key role for NO in down-regulation. Studies with bone marrow chimeras indicate that down-regulation occurs not only systemically but also within the target tissue. These data suggest that IFN-gamma down-regulates EAE by inducing inducible NO synthase and subsequently NO production, both by macrophages in the periphery and, by inference, microglia and astrocytes in the target tissue.
Realizing the Vision of Smart Fire Fighting (2015)

Fires in the wildland urban interface are but one of the common challenges faced by today's emergency first responders. For the Yarnell Hill Fire, and any challenging emergency response event today, the following question is inevitably asked: “Was there information that could have made a difference?” What knowledge-delivered in real time to the people who need it, when they need it, the way they need it-can be made available to the incident commanders and the “boots on the ground” that will make a difference? Enter smart fire fighting. As stated by the English philosopher Francis Bacon, “Knowledge is power,” and smart fire fighting has the potential to provide fire fighters and other emergency responders with the knowledge needed to inform their decision making and their activities. Our changing world today is one of increasingly sensor-rich data; and, smart fire fighting has significant potential to use that data to make the tasks of fire fighters more effective and efficient, with direct improvement to their safety and health.
Long-Term bereavement from suicide, homicide, accidents, and natural deaths (1990)

Abstract Previous research has indicated that short-term, bereavement from suicide is different from bereavement from other causes of death, at least in part because of diminished social support. To see if the same was true of long-term bereavement, college students who had been bereaved longer than 2 years (M = 5. 75 years) from suicide or homicide were matched on age, gender, and recency of the bereavement to students who were bereaved from accidental death, natural anticipated death, or natural unanticipated death. All students completed three social support questionnaires, and other questionnaires measuring impact, recovery, and current mood. Contrary to expectations, there were no differences between groups, except that those bereaved from accidents were more likely than others to feel as though the death were not real. Apparently, over time the bereavement experience for those whose loved one died by suicide becomes similar to bereavement from other causes of death.
Suspect breast lesions: findings at dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging correlated with mammographic and pathologic features. (1995)

MR imaging enhancement of 2.0 or more times had high sensitivity (100%) for invasive carcinomas 8 mm or more in diameter, with moderate specificity (65%). Time-intensity curves showed no significant difference between enhancement of benign and malignant lesions.
Arterial hypotension and the development of postanesthetic myopathy in halothane-anesthetized horses. (1987)

The effect of halothane-induced hypotension on the development of postanesthetic myopathy was studied, using 6 healthy adult horses. Horses were anesthetized with halothane in oxygen for 3.5 hours on each of 2 occasions. Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation was used to maintain PaCO2 of 45 to 55 mm of Hg throughout both anesthetic exposures. By regulating the inspired halothane concentration, a mean arterial blood pressure of 85 to 95 mm of Hg (normotension) was maintained throughout the 1st anesthetic exposure, and a mean arterial blood pressure of 55 to 65 mm of Hg (hypotension) was maintained during the 2nd anesthetic exposure. All horses recovered uneventfully from normotensive anesthesia, but all had some muscle dysfunction after prolonged hypotensive anesthesia. Because of apparent animal discomfort and lameness involving more than 1 limb, 3 horses were euthanatized soon after they recovered from hypotensive anesthesia. The 3 other horses showed a degree of lameness. In addition, 1 horse had raised, swollen plaques over the hip, rib, and facial areas which were in contact with the surgical table, and another had evidence of facial nerve paralysis. One hour after the 6 horses stood after hypotensive anesthesia was completed, values obtained for aspartate transaminase and creatinine were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than those obtained after normotensive anesthesia was completed. Aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin, and creatinine values were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased when compared with those obtained before horses were anesthetized. A large increase was measured in creatine kinase. Twenty-four hours after hypotensive anesthesia was completed, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the 3 surviving horses were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than those values after normotensive anesthesia was completed.
ENDOSCOPIC CORRECTION OF VESICOURETERAL REFLUX IN CHILDREN USING AUTOLOGOUS CHONDROCYTES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS (1999)

Transurethral injection of autologous chondrocytes to correct vesicoureteral reflux in children appears to be an effective and safe technique that holds promise for treating this congenital abnormality in a minimally invasive fashion.
A New Synthetic Route to Boron-10 Enriched Pentaborane(9) from Boric Acid and Its Conversion to<i>anti</i>-<sup>10</sup>B<sub>18</sub>H<sub>22</sub> (2002)

Boron-10 enriched boric acid, H310BO3, was converted to the corresponding sodium borohydride, Na10BH4, in essentially quantitative yields, by using slightly modified literature methods involving the formation of butyl borate, (n-OBu)310B, first and then reacting it with NaH in mineral oil. The oxidation reaction of Na10BH4 with I2 in diglyme and subsequent addition/purification in dioxane gave Na[10B3H8]0.3(C4H8O2) that reacted further with NiCl2 in either anhydrous benzene or heavy mineral oil at 110 degrees C to produce the corresponding 10B5H9 as the first isolated 10B-enriched liquid boron hydride in a laboratory environment. Treatment of this 10B5H9 with NaH or t-BuLi in 2:1 molar ratio underwent a cage expansion reaction to produce the [M]10B9H14 that undergoes a redox reaction in situ with anhydrous NiCl2 in n-hexane to yield the corresponding fused cage anti-10B18H22 as the only solid borane product in 42% yield, thus establishing new synthetic routes for the preparation of 10B-enriched polyhedral boranes.
Modelling of secondary migration and entrapment of a multicomponent hydrocarbon mixture using equation of state and ray-tracing modelling techniques (1991)

Abstract Equation of state modelling of multicomponent hydrocarbon mixtures has been incorporated into a program which models the secondary migration of oil and gas. Migration is modelled by means of a ray-tracing technique which operates on backstripped depth maps of a carrier bed. Reservoir beds are represented as rectangular grids (arrays) in the computer, ensuring the high resolution required for proper secondary migration modelling. The resulting software, named SEMI, can be calibrated against the hydrocarbon composition in drilled traps and then used to compute the composition in undrilled prospects. This is especially useful in moderately explored basins where some discoveries have already been made. A model for the loss of hydrocarbons during secondary migration is utilized and, by modelling secondary migration within a synthetic basin, it is shown that compositional differences in traps may result from differences in loss of the vapour and liquid phases. Using a simple model for primary migration, it is shown that the primary and secondary migration losses influence the hydrocarbon composition in traps differently. Thus it is hoped that the proposed methodology can be used to quantify some of the unknown effects of migration and that a decrease in the quantified uncertainty in exploration for oil and gas may result.
Methamphetamine‐Induced Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity: Role of Peroxynitrite and Neuroprotective Role of Antioxidants and Peroxynitrite Decomposition Catalysts (2001)

Oxidative stress, reactive oxygen (ROS), and nitrogen (RNS) species have been known to be involved in a multitude of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Both ROS and RNS have very short half-lives, thereby making their identification very difficult as a specific cause of neurodegeneration. Recently, we have developed a high performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical detection (HPLC/EC) method to identify 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), an in vitro and in vivo biomarker of peroxynitrite production, in cell cultures and brain to evaluate if an agent-driven neurotoxicity is produced by the generation of peroxynitrite. We show that a single or multiple injections of methamphetamine (METH) produced a significant increase in the formation of 3-NT in the striatum. This formation of 3-NT correlated with the striatal dopamine depletion caused by METH administration. We also show that PC12 cells treated with METH has significantly increased formation of 3-NT and dopamine depletion. Furthermore, we report that pretreatment with antioxidants such as selenium and melatonin can completely protect against the formation of 3-NT and depletion of striatal dopamine. We also report that pretreatment with peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts such as 5, 10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4'-pyridyl)porphyrinato iron III (FeTMPyP) and 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-sulfonatophenyl) porphinato iron III (FETPPS) significantly protect against METH-induced 3-NT formation and striatal dopamine depletion. We used two different approaches, pharmacological manipulation and transgenic animal models, in order to further investigate the role of peroxynitrite. We show that a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), significantly protect against the formation of 3-NT as well as striatal dopamine depletion. Similar results were observed with nNOS knockout and copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD)-overexpressed transgenic mice models. Finally, using the protein data bank crystal structure of tyrosine hydroxylase, we postulate the possible nitration of specific tyrosine moiety in the enzyme that can be responsible for dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Together, these data clearly support the hypothesis that the reactive nitrogen species, peroxynitrite, plays a major role in METH-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity and that selective antioxidants and peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts can protect against METH-induced neurotoxicity. These antioxidants and decomposition catalysts may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of psychostimulant addictions.
Characterization of the gene for fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Sequence, protein homology, and expression during growth on glucose. (1988)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene for fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The predicted protein sequence for fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from S. cerevisiae contains 347 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 38,100; that from S. pombe, contains 346 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 38,380. Comparison of these amino acid sequences with each other and that of pig kidney fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase shows several regions of strong homology separated by regions of divergence. These homologous regions are likely candidates for functional domains. A gene cassette was constructed for fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from S. cerevisiae and the gene cassette expressed from the regulated PHO5 and GAL1 promoters of yeast. Yeast cells expressing fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, while growing on glucose, accumulated large amounts of enzyme intracellularly, suggesting that glucose-regulated proteolytic inactivation does not operate efficiently under these conditions. Growth on glucose was not inhibited by the expression of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase.
Interaction of Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2013)

Evauation of: Kasturiratne A, Weerasinghe S, Dassanayake A et al. Influence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on the development of diabetes mellitus. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 28(1), 142-147 (2013). It has been a few decades that Type 2 diabetes has been clearly linked to the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In a recent study reported by Kastuiratne et al., the reverse scenario is also reported. In this study, a cohort of Sri Lankan adults were evaluated for NAFLD by ultrasound and for the presence of Type 2 diabetes. Those without diabetes at baseline were followed prospectively for 3 years and assessed for incident diabetes. On multivariate analysis, after adjustment for a number of factors (age, impaired fasting glucose, BMI, waist circumference, elevated ALT, family history of diabetes and presence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia), NAFLD was the only predictor of incident diabetes in those with and without impaired fasting glucose at baseline. This study adds to the growing evidence connecting NAFLD to Type 2 diabetes and highlights the importance of its recognition in an effort to target those at the highest risk of diabetes for lifestyle and pharmacologic intervention.
Lossless Image Compression Using Burrows Wheeler Transform (Methods and Techniques) (2008)

The burrows-wheeler transform (BWT) is a combinatorial algorithm originally created for text compression such as bzip2, and that has been recently applied to image compression field. This paper focuses on the impact of compression scheme based on the combinatorial transform on high-level resolution medical images. It overviews the original scheme and some improvements that have been develop in post processing of BWT in this context. The performances of these techniques are compared and discussed. Moreover, considerations on the imagepsilas sizes and data formats are also considered.
High Rate Micron-Sized Ordered LiNi[sub 0.5]Mn[sub 1.5]O[sub 4] (2010)

Ordered LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 was synthesized through a solid-state reaction. Even though the material has a particle size of 3-5 m, it shows very high rate capability and excellent capacity retention. The capacity is as high as 78 mAh/g at a 167C discharge rate. This high discharge rate performance is consistent with first-principles calculations of the activation barrier for lithium motion, which predict the lithium diffusivity in this material to be around 10 -9 -10 -8 cm 2 /s. We also systematically investigated the effect of several cell components and electrode construction on the measured rate performance and conclude that care has to be taken to remove all other rate limitations from the cell to measure the rate performance of an electrode material.
<i>SYT–SSX</i>Gene Fusion as a Determinant of Morphology and Prognosis in Synovial Sarcoma (1998)

The type of SYT-SSX fusion transcript correlates with both the histologic subtype and the clinical behavior of synovial sarcoma. SYT-SSX fusion transcripts are a defining diagnostic marker of synovial sarcomas and may also yield important independent prognostic information.
The Development of Statistical Indices for Detecting Cheaters (1974)

Abstract Comparison data on SAT were collected on pairs of examinees in three samples for later use in detecting instances of willful copying. In each sample the answer sheet of each examinee was compared with the answer sheet of every other examinee to determine the expected degree of similarity among answer sheets for “honest” examinees. Eight detection indices were developed and bivariate distributions were run for possible operational use in making future judgments regarding examinees who were actually suspected of copying. The results of a series of analyses permitted the elimination of six of the eight indices. The remaining two have been used successfully at Educational Testing Service since 1970.
Obesity Research and the New Biology (1996)

Welcome to Volume 4 of OBESITY RESEARCH. This issue is important for two reasons. First, it initiates the search for a new Editor-in-Chief for OBESITY RESEARCH, and second, it inaugurates the post-World War II Classics of Obesity.
MR analysis of lung volume and thoracic dimensions in patients with emphysema before and after lung volume reduction surgery. (1998)

MR analysis of lung volume and thoracic dimensions in patients with emphysema before and after lung volume reduction surgery.D S Gierada, S Hakimian, R M Slone and R D YusenAudio Available | Share
The proteolytic activity of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A is potentially regulated by stanniocalcin-1 and -2 during human ovarian follicle development (2016)

This work was supported by grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation, and the Danish Council for Independent Research. No competing interests declared.