gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of catalytic amination of synthetic fatty alcohols for manufacturing tertiary amines (2005)

The catalytic amination of C_(12～13) synthetic alcohol was proceeded under the action of Cu-Ni catalyst and compared with that of lauryl alcohol.Experimental results showed that the conversion of lauryl alcohol at 3 h reaches 99.9 %,and the mon-alkyl tertiary amine selectivity is 95.6 %,while the conversion of C_(12～13) synthetic alcohol reaches 91.3 %,and the selectivity is 96.5 %.GC-MS analysis of C_(12～13) synthetic alcohol amination product showed that all of the unreacted alcohol is 2-branched chain alcohol.Main reason for low conversion of C_(12～13) synthetic alcohol is the hinderance of 2-branched alcohol that adsorbs to the catalyst surface.
<i>N</i>-PHOSPHANYLATED 1.3.2-OXAZA- AND 1.3.2-DIAZAPHOSPHOLANES AND -PHOSPHORINANES (1994)

Abstract The formation of the N-phosphanyl derivatives of the oxaza- and diazaphosphorinanes and -phospholanes 2-10 by the reaction of PX3 (X = Cl, Br) with alcoholamines and diamines is described. The unusually large 2 J PNP coupling constants of the products are discussed. Key Words: N-phosphanyloxazaphosphorinanes N-phosphanyldiazaphosphorinanes 2 J PNP coupling constants.
Synthesis of fluorinated fused benzofurans and benzothiophenes: Smiles-type rearrangement and cyclisation of perfluoro(het)aryl ethers and sulfides (2010)

Lithium-bromine exchange in 2-bromophenyl perfluoroaryl ethers or sulfides affords fused fluorinated benzofurans or benzothiophenes respectively by S(N)Ar substitution of the adjacent fluorine in the perfluoroaryl substituent. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the case of 2-bromophenyl tetrafluoropyrid-4-yl ether, lithiation promoted a Smiles-type rearrangement which led to formation of 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)tetrafluoropyridine, for which the structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
Conjugation of Spermine Facilitates Cellular Uptake and Enhances Antitumor and Antibiotic Properties of Highly Lipophilic Porphyrins (2008)

Photodynamic therapy: The application of porphyrins in photodynamic therapy has been limited by their low solubility and cellular uptake efficiency. The introduction of a charged polyamine moiety to the lipophilic porphyrin ring can enhance the amphiphilicity of a compound of this class and ultimately lead to greater therapeutic efficacy. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2452/2008/z800013_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Identification of Protein-Protein Interactions with Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) Fusion Proteins (2007)

INTRODUCTIONGlutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins have had a wide range of applications since their introduction as tools for synthesis of recombinant proteins in bacteria. GST was originally selected as a fusion moiety because of several desirable properties. First and foremost, when expressed in bacteria alone, or as a fusion, GST is not sequestered in inclusion bodies (in contrast to previous fusion protein systems). Second, GST can be affinity-purified without denaturation because it binds to immobilized glutathione, which provides the basis for simple purification. Consequently, GST fusion proteins are routinely used for antibody generation and purification, protein-protein interaction studies, and biochemical analysis. This article describes the use of GST fusion proteins as probes for the identification of protein-protein interactions.
A nuclear fragmentation energy deposition model (1991)

A formalism for target fragment transport is presented with application to energy loss spectra in thin silicon devices. A nuclear data base is recommended that agrees well with the measurements of McNulty et al. using surface barrier detectors. High-energy events observed by McNulty et al., which are not predicted by intranuclear cascade models, are well represented by the present work.
Optimum Location of Robots in FMS Work Cell (1988)

A method for finding the optimum location of the robot within the work cell in order to minimize the work cell cycle time is outlined. The method proposed in this paper makes use of the joint interpolation/optimization algorithm by the Robot Module of CATIA (Computer-Graphics Aided Three-Dimension Interactive Applications, by Dassault Systemes) combined with the application of a sequential search method for optimization. A case study showed that a saving in Robot's cycle time up to 50% was achieved.
The Wicking Kinetics of Liquid Droplets into Yarns (2001)

The wicking kinetics of liquid droplets into yarns is studied using a computerized imaging system. A new method is suggested for characterizing the yarn structure by monitoring droplet absorption. The method is based on the comparative analysis of the time needed for droplet disappearance as a function of droplet volume for various yarns. A mathematical model is developed to describe the wicking kinetics. We show that for wetting liquids, the time of droplet absorption T w is a linear function of the initial droplet volume squared V 0 2 . For a given liquid-yarn pair, the slope of this relationship provides important information about the yarn properties. The linear relationship between T w and V 0 2 is verified by experimental data for a typical spin finish. The model predicts that droplet wicking can occur even if the advancing contact angle θ a is slightly greater than 90°. However, for nonwetting liquids, the relationship between T w and V 0 2 is nonlinear, and a criterion for droplet wicking into nonwetted yarns is obtained.
Field evolution of magnetic correlation lengths in ϵ-Co nanoparticle assemblies (2008)

Small-angle neutron scattering measurements of Co nanoparticle assemblies reveal three characteristic length scales associated with the interparticle and intraparticle magnetic orders. The first length scale stemming from particle size and separation does not vary with applied field. In contrast, the magnetic correlation length increases from 71±9nm in zero field at 5K to greater than 1000nm in fields larger than 0.2T. The random-field length scale decreases from 37±8nm when H=0to9.1±0.3nm in H=0.2T, and the contribution of this term is less significant in large fields.
Chemical contaminants in breast milk: time trends and regional variability. (2002)

Research on environmentally related chemical contaminants in breast milk spans several decades and dozens of countries. The ability to use this research as an environmental indicator is limited because of a lack of consistent protocols. Data on xenobiotics in breast milk are influenced by choices in sample selection, sample pooling, analysis, and reporting. In addition, most studies have focused only on a small panel of persistent organic pollutants, despite indications that a wide range of additional chemical contaminants may also enter breast milk. Despite these limitations, however, it is possible to draw some generalizations. In this paper we review available data on levels of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), metals, and solvents in breast milk. Examples drawn from around the world illustrate the available data and the patterns that have appeared in various areas over time. Over the past few decades, levels of the organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins have declined in breast milk in countries where these chemicals have been banned or otherwise regulated. In contrast, the levels of PBDEs are rising. Regional differences in levels of xenobiotics in breast milk are related to historical and current local use patterns. Diet is a major factor that influences breast milk levels of persistent organic pollutants, with patterns in fish consumption playing a particularly significant role. Improved global breast milk monitoring programs would allow for more consistent data on trends over time, detection of new xenobiotics in breast milk, and identification of disproportionately exposed populations.
Amino Acid Residues Responsible for Galactose Recognition in Yeast Gal2 Transporter (1997)

A novel, systematic approach was used to identify amino acid residues responsible for substrate recognition in the transmembrane 10 region of the Gal2 galactose transporter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A mixture of approximately 25,000 distinct plasmids that encode all the combinations of 12 amino acids in transmembrane 10 that are different in Gal2 and the homologous glucose transporter Hxt2 was synthesized. Selection of galactose transport-positive clones on galactose limited agar plates yielded 19 clones, all of which contained the Tyr446 residue found in Gal2. 14 of the 19 clones contained Trp455 found in Gal2, whereas the other 5 contained Cys455, a residue not found in either Gal2 or Hxt2. When Tyr446 of Gal2 was replaced with any of the other 19 amino acids, no galactose transport activity was observed in the resulting transporters, indicating that Tyr446 plays an essential role in the transport of this sugar. Replacement of 2 amino acids of Hxt2 with the corresponding Tyr446 and Trp455 of Gal2 allowed the modified Hxt2 to transport galactose. The Km of galactose transport for the modified transporter was 8-fold higher than that of Gal2. These results and other evidence unequivocally show that Tyr446 is essential and Trp455 is important for the discrimination of galactose versus glucose.
CONTACT LOSS BETWEEN RAILWAY TRACK AND SUBGRADE IN VERTICAL PLANE DURING ROADBED RESEARCH (2003)

In the paper a new method of railway subgrade investigation is analysed. Contact loss between track and subgrade in vertical plane is considered. During the roadbed investigations the rail is jacked up using a plate called „VSS”. It is assumed that variable temperatures have influence on the rail which is laid on a curved roadbed. Elasticity of the railway roadbed is calculated. Finally formulas and dependences of various types of track structures are obtained.
Abstract: Shield Faults and Cordilleran Structural Units, Western Canada (1974)

Abstract The relationships between major fault zones which traverse the Canadian Shield to the west of Hudson Bay and major structural units and changes in trend in the Canadian Cordillera are demonstrated. A mechanism which involves deflection of subcrustal convection currents is invoked to account for this conjugate series of structural units and for the major features of the structure of western North America. Other manifestations of this deflection mechanism also involving major wrench fault systems are discussed.
Material Hybrid Joining of Sheet Metals by Electromagnetic Pulse Technology (2011)

Adhesively joining metals of dissimilar melting point represents one of the most sophisticated tasks in joining technique. However, due to light weight considerations this type of joint, for example the connection between an aluminum flange and a high strength steel crash element, is of prior interest. The electromagnetic pulse technology is a proven process to accomplish adhesive joints between tubes made of dissimilar metals. Recent developments of the technique now allow welding even dissimilar and similar sheet metals under industrial conditions. This paper details the underlying mechanisms and shows a variety of samples, depicting for the potential of this new process.
Modern Chemical Routes for the Controlled Synthesis of Anisotropic Bimetallic Nanostructures and Their Application in Catalysis (2020)

Bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) have attracted greater attention compared to its monometallic counterpart because of their chemical/physical properties. The BNPs have a wide range of applications in the fields of health, energy, water, and environment. These properties could be tuned with a number of parameters such as compositions of the bimetallic systems, their preparation method, and morphology. Monodisperse and anisotropic BNPs have gained considerable interest and numerous efforts have been made for the controlled synthesis of bimetallic nanostructures (BNS) of different sizes and shapes. This review offers a brief summary of the various synthetic routes adopted for the synthesis of Palladium(Pd), Platinum(Pt), Nickel(Ni), Gold(Au), Silver(Ag), Iron(Fe), Cobalt(Co), Rhodium(Rh), and Copper(Cu) based transition metal bimetallic anisotropic nanostructures, growth mechanisms e.g., seed mediated co-reduction, hydrothermal, galvanic replacement reactions, and antigalvanic reaction, and their application in the field of catalysis. The effect of surfactant, reducing agent, metal precursors ratio, pH, and reaction temperature for the synthesis of anisotropic nanostructures has been explained with examples. This review further discusses how slight modifications in one of the parameters could alter the growth mechanism, resulting in different anisotropic nanostructures which highly influence the catalytic activity. The progress or modification implied in the synthesis techniques within recent years is focused on in this article. Furthermore, this article discussed the improved activity, stability, and catalytic performance of BNS compared to the monometallic performance. The synthetic strategies reported here established a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and development of sophisticated and controlled BNS for widespread application.
Reaction of activated aryl and heteroaryl halides with hexamethylphosphoramide (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of activated aryl and heteroaryl halides with hexamethylphosphoramideJohn T. Gupton, John P. Idoux, Graeme Baker, Cesar Colon, A. Donald Crews, Cindy D. Jurss, and Richard C. RampiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 17, 2933–2936Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00165a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00165a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views835Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Elevated transition temperature in Ge doped VO2 thin films (2017)

Thermochromic GexV1−xO2+y thin films have been deposited on Si (100) substrates by means of reactive magnetron sputtering. The films were then characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), four-point probe electrical resistivity measurements, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. From the temperature dependent resistivity measurements, the effect of Ge doping on the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition in vanadium oxide thin films was investigated. The transition temperature was shown to increase significantly upon Ge doping (∼95 °C), while the hysteresis width and resistivity contrast gradually decreased. The precise Ge concentration and the film thickness have been determined by RBS. The crystallinity of phase-pure VO2 monoclinic films was confirmed by XRD. These findings make the use of vanadium dioxide thin films in solar and electronic device applications—where higher critical temperatures than 68 °C of pristine VO2 are needed—a viable and promising solution.
On Mixed H2 and H-infinite Control (1996)

In this paper we use the Nash game approach to solve a mixed H2 and H-infinite feedback control problem. The basic idea is: using Nash type index as our H2 and H-infinite performance functional, we then are able to obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of linear memoryless feedback gain. By solving a set of coupled algebraic matrix equations, we can get the required feedback control. Both continuous and discrete time system are considered.
Case 11-1991 (1991)

Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital from The New England Journal of Medicine — Case 11-1991 — A 65-Year-Old Man with a Vertebral and Disk Lesion after a Pulmonary Operation for Aspergillus Infection
Chiral Separation of Cationic Drugs on an α<sub>1</sub>-Acid Glycoprotein Bonded Stationary Phase (1986)

Abstract A commercially available chiral stationary phase containing α1-acid glycoprotein on silica (EnantioPac, LKB) was applied to the resolution of a number of pharmacologically important enantiomeric ammonium compounds. The optimization of retention and selectivity by cationic, anionic and neutral modifiers in the mobile phase was studied. The results suggest that the solutes are retained according to an ion-pair distribution model. Compounds of widely different structures were studied, and high separation factors were achieved for a majority.
Biology and mode of action of pure antioestrogens. (1988)

The properties of a series of 7 alpha-alkyl analogues of oestradiol are described. Studies of chemical structure and activity in the immature rat uterotrophic/antiuterotrophic assay revealed that molecules containing a terminal functional group (acid, alcohol, amine, amide) linked to the steroid by a decamethylene bridge possess both oestradiol agonist and antagonist activity. However, certain amides, exemplified by the compound ICI 164,384 [N-n-butyl-11-(3,17 beta-dihydroxyoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-7 alpha-yl)-N-methylundecanamide], were devoid of oestrogenic activity but possessed potent antioestrogenic activity. Comparison of receptor binding and biological potency of steroid 7 alpha- and 7 beta-isomers showed that activity is confined largely to the 7 alpha-isomer. Comparison of the effects of tamoxifen and ICI 164,384 on progesterone receptor (PR) concentration in the rat uterus showed that, unlike tamoxifen, ICI 164,384 did not induce PR and blocked induction of PR by oestradiol. Chronic treatment of mature female rats with ICI 164,384 led to an ovariectomy-like regression of the uterus without affecting LH secretion or the rate of growth. ICI 164,384 was also an effective antitumour agent in rats bearing carcinogen-induced mammary tumours.
The Modified Secure AODV Routing Protocol for Black Hole Attack in Manet (2016)

Mobile Adhoc Network is gathering of portable nodes which are actively structuring a momentary network without utilizing any pre accessible network infrastructure or central management. Each node in MANET not only provides as a specific terminal but also performs as a router to form a route. While a source node plans to send data to an intended node, packets are moved from the middle nodes. An Adhoc routing protocol is a classical method that supervises how nodes opt any route and in which manner they have to route packets among computing devices in a MANET. Because of different factors with lack of infrastructure, deficiency of already established trust relationship among the various nodes and dynamic topology, the MANET routing protocols are weak to different routing attacks. In contrast to conventional wired networks, such type attacks are executed simply in MANET because of the unsupervised entrance to the wireless medium. The malicious exploitation of various routing information results in the diffusion of wrong routing information which could eventually guide to network failure. One of these attacks in the existing wireless routing protocol like Ad-hoc on demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing protocol is the Black Hole Attack against network truthfulness. In this attack, the data packets doesn’t arrive at the destination node, thus data loss happens. There is number of detection and protection methods to reduce the intruder that achieve the black hole attack. Therefore, this paper proposes Modified Secure AODV routing protocols (MSAODV) found on threshold evaluation and cryptographic verification. In this paper, the black hole attack and the proposed MSAODV protocols are simulated in the Network Simulator NS-2 under different MANET circumstances and their performances are evaluated on various parameters like Packet drop ratio, routing overload, throughput etc. Keywords: AODV, Black hole, gray hole, worm hole attack, MANET, AOMDV
Production of Water-Soluble Vitamin K by Okara Fermentation. (1999)

オカラ納豆中の発酵過程におけるビタミンK生産量をHPLC法で測定した.その結果,生産される主要なビタミンKはフィロキノン(K1)とかメナキノン-4(MK-4)ではなく,主にメナキノン-7(MK-7)であり,しかもその60%以上は水溶性タイプであった. 7種類の納豆菌を用いてこの水溶性ビタミンK(MK-7)量を比較した結果,中国産の納豆から分離した菌株(雲南SL-001)によるものが最高値(約36.6μg/gオカラ納豆(湿重量))を示し,現在わが国の納豆生産に使用されている成瀬菌,朝日菌,高橋菌,宮城野菌,そして医薬用に使用されている日東菌,目黒菌による生産量(1.9～14.2μg/gオカラ納豆(湿重量))はそれよりも少ないことがわかった. 水溶性ビタミンK(1000μg MK-7量)を健常成人に経口投与した結果,血中MK-7濃度は最高約40倍にまで高まり,またその持続時間は同量の精製したMK-7に比べてはるかに長いこと,また,この条件下ではTEG,PT,およびAPTTでみた血液凝固-線溶系に影響はないことを確認した.
Nickel-catalysed substitutions of aryl tert-butyl sulfones with organometallic reagents: synthesis of ortho-substituted unsymmetrical biaryls (1995)

In the presence of a catalytic amount of a nickel salt, aryl tert-butyl sulfones react with aryl Grignard reagents to give biaryls. This reaction is used in conjunction with the powerful ortho-lithiation-directing ability of aryl tert-butyl sulfonyl groups to make unsymmetrical ortho-substituted biaryls. In certain cases, the substitution of an aryl alkylsulfonyl group by an organometallic reagent is possible without a transition metal catalyst.
Simultaneous Reconstruction of Multiple Signaling Pathways via the Prize-Collecting Steiner Forest Problem (2013)

Signaling and regulatory networks are essential for cells to control processes such as growth, differentiation, and response to stimuli. Although many "omic" data sources are available to probe signaling pathways, these data are typically sparse and noisy. Thus, it has been difficult to use these data to discover the cause of the diseases and to propose new therapeutic strategies. We overcome these problems and use "omic" data to reconstruct simultaneously multiple pathways that are altered in a particular condition by solving the prize-collecting Steiner forest problem. To evaluate this approach, we use the well-characterized yeast pheromone response. We then apply the method to human glioblastoma data, searching for a forest of trees, each of which is rooted in a different cell-surface receptor. This approach discovers both overlapping and independent signaling pathways that are enriched in functionally and clinically relevant proteins, which could provide the basis for new therapeutic strategies. Although the algorithm was not provided with any information about the phosphorylation status of receptors, it identifies a small set of clinically relevant receptors among hundreds present in the interactome.
Distributed anonymous data perturbation method for privacy-preserving data mining (2009)

隐私是在分布式的数据采矿的一个批评要求。基于密码学的安全多党的计算是为保存的隐私的一条主要途径。然而，它证明在大规模的差的性能散布了系统。同时，数据不安技术是比较地有效的，但是主要在集中的保存隐私的数据采矿(PPDM ) 被使用。在这篇论文，我们为在分布式的数据采矿保存的有效隐私建议一个小匿名的数据不安方法。我们首先定义为数据不安的隐私限制在半诚实的分布式的环境基于 PPDM。二个协议被建议探讨这些限制并且保护数据统计和随机化过程免于串通攻击：适应保存隐私的概括协议和匿名的交换协议。最后，一个分布式的数据不安框架基于这些协议被建议认识到分布式的 PPDM。实验结果证明我们的途径完成一个高安全级别并且在大规模是很有效的分布式的环境。