gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Methods for Solving Turbulent Flows by Using Parallel Technologies (2013)

Parallel implementation of algorithm of numerical solution of Navier-Stokes equations for large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulence is presented in this research. The Dynamic Smagorinsky model is applied for sub-grid simulation of turbulence. The numerical algorithm was worked out using a scheme of splitting on physical parameters. At the first stage it is supposed that carrying over movement amount takes place only due to convection and diffusion. Intermediate field of velocity is determined by method of fractional steps by using Thomas algorithm (tridiaginal matrix algorithm). At the second stage found intermediate field of velocity is used for determination of the field of pressure. Three dimensional Poisson equation for the field of pressure is solved using upper relaxation method. Moreover various ways of geometrical decomposition for parallel numerical solution of three dimensional Poisson equations are investigated.
Self‐Assembly of Short Peptide Amphiphiles: The Cooperative Effect of Hydrophobic Interaction and Hydrogen Bonding (2011)

The interplay between hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and the molecular geometry of amino acid side-chains is crucial to the development of nanostructures of short peptide amphiphiles. An important step towards developing their practical use is to understand how different amino acid side-chains tune hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding and how this process leads to the control of the size and shape of the nanostructures. In this study, we have designed and synthesized three sets of short amphiphilic peptides (I(3)K, LI(2)K and L(3)K; L(3)K, L(4)K and L(5)K; I(3)K, I(4)K and I(5)K) and investigated how I and L affected their self-assembly in aqueous solution. The results have demonstrated a strong tendency of I groups to promote the growth of β-sheet hydrogen bonding and the subsequent formation of nanofibrillar shapes. All I(m)K (m = 3-5) peptides assembled into nanofibers with consistent β-sheet conformation, whereas the nanofiber diameters decreased as m increased due to geometrical constraint in peptide chain packing. In contrast, L groups had a weak tendency to promote β-sheet structuring and their hydrophobicity became dominant and resulted in globular micelles in L(3)K assembly. However, increase in the number of hydrophobic sequences to L(5)K induced β-sheet conformation due to the cooperative hydrophobic effect and the consequent formation of long nanofibers. The assembly of L(4)K was, therefore, intermediate between L(3)K and L(5)K, similar to the case of LI(2)K within the set of L(3)K, LI(2)K and I(3)K, with a steady transition from the dominance of hydrophobic interaction to hydrogen bonding. Thus, changes in hydrophobic length and swapping of L and I can alter the size and shape of the self-assembled nanostructures from these simple peptide amphiphiles.
Crystal Structures of Two Modifications of [3,<i>O</i>‐didehydro‐mebmt<sup>1</sup>, val<sup>2</sup>]‐cyclosporin and comparison of three different X‐ray data sets (1995)

Abstract The crystal structure of [3, O ‐didehydro‐MeBmt 1 , Val 2 ]cyclosporin (PSC‐833; 1 ) was investigated by X‐ray analysis. Data were collected from two different crystal modifications. Modification I crystallizes in P 3 1 21, a = b = 21.419 (2) Å, c = 32.101 (3) Å with one molecule in the asymmetric unit, modification II in P 3 2 21, a = b = 21.313 (2) Å, c = 62.053(3) Å with two molecules per asymmetric unit. This non‐immunosuppressive analogue of cyclosporin A adopts a similar backbone conformation to that found in the crystal structure of cyclosporin A and other analogues. Three different data sets of modification I were collected using an Enraf‐Nonius‐CAD4 diffractometer with Cu K α radiation at 20°, a Stoe‐Siemens four‐circle diffractometer with Mo K α radiation at − 120°, and an EMBL image‐plate scanner with synchrotron radiation at 12°. The quality of the data sets was evaluated by internal consistency, independent structure solution, and refinement. The structural parameters reported here for modification I are based on the synchrotron data.
Rational Kernels: Theory and Algorithms (2004)

Many classification algorithms were originally designed for fixed-size vectors. Recent applications in text and speech processing and computational biology require however the analysis of variablelength sequences and more generally weighted automata. An approach widely used in statistical learning techniques such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs) is that of kernel methods, due to their computational efficiency in high-dimensional feature spaces. We introduce a general family of kernels based on weighted transducers or rational relations, rational kernels, that extend kernel methods to the analysis of variable-length sequences or more generally weighted automata. We show that rational kernels can be computed efficiently using a general algorithm of composition of weighted transducers and a general single-source shortest-distance algorithm. Not all rational kernels are positive definite and symmetric (PDS), or equivalently verify the Mercer condition, a condition that guarantees the convergence of training for discriminant classification algorithms such as SVMs. We present several theoretical results related to PDS rational kernels. We show that under some general conditions these kernels are closed under sum, product, or Kleene-closure and give a general method for constructing a PDS rational kernel from an
Strip-line 3-db directional couplers (2005)

This paper describes the performance of two basic types of strip-line 3-db directional couplers. One coupler is one-quarter wavelength long at the center of its frequency band, and has a coupling variation of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\pm0.3</tex> db over a 2:1 frequency band. The other directional coupler is three-quarter wavelengths long at the center of its frequency band and has the same coupling variation of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\pm0.3</tex> db over a 4.5:1 band. Theoretically, both types of couplers have infinite directivity and unity VSWR at all frequencies. Experimental models of these directional couplers have been found to have good directivity, low VSWR and coupling variations almost exactly predicted by theory.
Cyclic imides III. A study of the hydroxy‐ and methoxyphthalimidoacetic acids and the methyl methoxyphthalimidoacetates (1966)

Abstract The hydroxy‐ and methoxyphthalimidoacetic acids and the methyl methoxyphthalimidoacetates have been synthesized. The ultraviolet absorption spectra of these compounds in 95% ethanol, aqueous acid, and aqueous base are discussed. Structures are suggested for the hydroxy‐ and methoxyphthalamate ions which are formed in basic solution. The Gabriel‐Colman rearrangements of methyl 3‐ and 4 ‐ methoxyphthalimidoacetate give, respectively, 8‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxy‐3 ‐ carbomethoxy‐1(2 H )‐isoquinolone (VII) and 6‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐carbomethoxy‐1(2 H )‐isoquinolone (VIII).
Bactericidal activity of antimicrobial agents against slowly growing Helicobacter pylori (1992)

The doubling times of bacteria at sites of colonization or infection are considerably longer than those in laboratory culture media, and slow growth reduces the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial agents. Helicobacter pylori is susceptible to a wide range of antimicrobial agents in vitro; however, tests for inhibitory activity do not adequately predict which antimicrobial agents will eradicate slowly growing H. pylori from the stomachs of patients. The chemostat can be used to compare the bactericidal activities of antimicrobial substances against slowly growing bacteria. In this study we compared the bactericidal activities of antimicrobial agents against slowly growing H. pylori. The bactericidal activities of erythromycin, minocycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefixime, metronidazole, and bismuth subcitrate against slowly growing H. pylori NCTC 11,637 in a chemostat were compared. Antimicrobial agents were added to the system at four to eight times the MIC. Exposure of H. pylori to metronidazole was associated with the rapid development of metronidazole resistance, preventing assessment of the bactericidal activity of metronidazole. Resistance to the other antimicrobial agents tested did not develop. The poor bactericidal activities of the antimicrobial agents against slowly growing H. pylori may be a contributory factor in limiting their clinical efficacies. Of the agents tested, only amoxicillin and bismuth subcitrate showed bactericidal activity against slowly growing H. pylori. The chemostat allows comparison of the bactericidal activities of antimicrobial agents against slowly growing H. pylori and may therefore provide results which more accurately identify those agents or combinations of agents that will eradicate H. pylori from patients.
Efficiency of Second Harmonic Generation from Amino Acids, Peptides, and Polypeptides Carrying Polarizable Aromatic Groups (1989)

Abstract The SHG efficiencies of optically active amino acids, their monomeric derivatives, linear and cyclic dipeptides, tripeptides, and polypeptides carrying polarizable groups were tested. Among the 91 samples, L-valine-p-nitroanilide (Val-NA) showed the largest SHG [9.2 × I2w(urea)]. Val-NA was found to be phase-matchable and transparent down to 420 nm. Monopeptide and dipeptide derivatives of p-nitrophenylalanine also showed large SHG and were transparent down to 420 nm.
High-power multiple-quantum-well distributed feedback laser arrays and Fabry-Perot laser arrays at 1.5μm wavelength (2005)

We report on coherent high-power 12-element laser arrays of both the DFB and FP types. Pulsed emission up to 450 mW/facet and CW output to 85 mW are demonstrated with a single-wavelength spectrum for DFB arrays and multi mode output from FP arrays.
Frequency-division power sharing and hierarchical control design for DC shipboard microgrids with hybrid energy storage systems (2017)

Due to the increasing need to reduce the cost and emission of ships, shipboard applications are calling advanced technologies to go onboard. Recently, cleaner power sources (i.e. gas turbines, fuel cell, solar and wind power), energy storage, advanced control and power/energy management are introduced to meet the new requirement, and therefore, making shipboard power system more like a microgrid. In this paper, a frequency-division based power sharing method is proposed to solve the contradiction between fuel efficiency and dynamic load conditions of marine vessels. With effective design, the operation point of prime movers can be maintained at their optimal area, meanwhile, different energy storages will provide characteristic based response. On the basis of the proposed power sharing method, voltage restoration and power management-level control methods are also introduced to form hierarchical control design. A study case is modeled and HIL simulations are carried out to verify the proposed control strategies.
Essential fatty acid deficiency in mice is associated with hepatic steatosis and secretion of large VLDL particles (2005)

Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency in mice decreases plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations and increases hepatic TG content. We evaluated in vivo and in vitro whether decreased hepatic secretion of TG-rich very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) contributes to this consequence of EFA deficiency. EFA deficiency was induced in mice by feeding an EFA-deficient (EFAD) diet for 8 wk. Hepatic VLDL secretion was quantified in fasted EFAD and EFA-sufficient (EFAS) mice using the Triton WR-1339 method. In cultured hepatocytes from EFAD and EFAS mice, VLDL secretion into medium was measured by quantifying [(3)H]-labeled glycerol incorporation into TG and phospholipids. Hepatic expression of genes involved in VLDL synthesis and clearance was measured, as were plasma activities of lipolytic enzymes. TG secretion rates were quantitatively similar in EFAD and EFAS mice in vivo and in primary hepatocytes from EFAD and EFAS mice in vitro. However, EFA deficiency increased the size of secreted VLDL particles, as determined by calculation of particle diameter, particle sizing by light scattering, and evaluation of the TG-to-apoB ratio. EFA deficiency did not inhibit hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase activities in plasma, but increased hepatic mRNA levels of apoAV and apoCII, both involved in control of lipolytic degradation of TG-rich lipoproteins. EFA deficiency does not affect hepatic TG secretion rate in mice, but increases the size of secreted VLDL particles. Present data suggest that hypotriglyceridemia during EFA deficiency is related to enhanced clearance of altered VLDL particles.
Sequence Relationships, Conserved Domains, and Expression Patterns for Maize Homologs of the Polycomb Group Genes<i>E(z)</i>, <i>esc,</i> and<i>E(Pc)</i>  (2002)

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins play an important role in developmental and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and mammals. Recent evidence has shown that Arabidopsis homologs of PcG proteins are also important for the regulation of plant development. The objective of this study was to characterize the PcG homologs in maize (Zea mays). The 11 cloned PcG proteins from fruit fly and the Enhancer of zeste [E(z)], extra sex combs (esc), and Enhancer of Polycomb [E(Pc)] homologs from Arabidopsis were used as queries to perform TBLASTN searches against the public maize expressed sequence tag database and the Pioneer Hi-Bred database. Maize homologs were found for E(z), esc, and E(Pc), but not for Polycomb, pleiohomeotic, Posterior sex combs, Polycomblike, Additional sex combs, Sex combs on midleg, polyhometoic, or multi sex combs. Transcripts of the three maize Enhancer of zeste-like genes, Mez1, Mez2, and Mez3, were detected in all tissues tested, and the Mez2 transcript is alternatively spliced in a tissue-dependent pattern. Zea mays fertilization independent endosperm1 (ZmFie1) expression was limited to developing embryos and endosperms, whereas ZmFie2 expression was found throughout plant development. The conservation of E(z) and esc homologs across kingdoms indicates that these genes likely play a conserved role in repressing gene expression.
A New Method for Introducing Double-Strand Breaks into Cellular DNA (1993)

A novel method is used to introduce double-strand breaks into cellular DNA containing controlled levels of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Chinese hamster V79 cells substituted with BrdU are treated with Hoechst dye #33258 and then exposed to UVA light. Using neutral elution (pH 7.2) the yield of DNA double-strand breaks is found to be linearly dependent on the level of BrdU substitution (0.36-7.5%), concentration of Hoechst dye (0-100 micrograms cm-3), and fluence of UVA light (0.2-8 kJ m-2). The yield of double-strand breaks produced by this photolysis treatment is 5.1 x 10(-6) breaks/BrdU residue/kJ m-2, regardless of whether one or both strands of the DNA polymer contain BrdU. No double-strand breaks are detected in the absence of Hoechst dye, BrdU, or UVA light. The formation of double-strand breaks appears to involve strand cleavage at a BrdU site on one strand with cleavage in the opposite strand not necessarily requiring the presence of BrdU. The utility of this photolytic regimen in modeling the biological significance of double-strand break lesions and some putative mechanisms for their formation are discussed.
Development and evaluation of Flavoxate HCI double core compressed tablet formulations by swellable granulation technique (2022)

The objective of the proposed research was to develop double core differential release tablets of Flavoxate HCl, a smooth-muscle relaxant through the swellable technique. Inner core granules were prepared by a wet granulation method using HPMC K15 and Kollidon as sustained-release polymers. Outer core immediate release granules were also prepared by a wet granulation method using standard tableting excipients. Both types of granules were evaluated for pharmaceutical, structural, and thermal parameters. The double core tablet was prepared using a pre-compressed inner tablet. In vitro release studies were performed in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as dissolution media. Stability studies were also performed on the selected formulations. Pharmaceutical evaluation results of inner core granules prepared by HPMC K15 and Kollidon and tablets showed acceptable values for all the physical parameters. FTIR studies showed that the principal peaks of the drug remained intact, indicating no chemical interaction occurred between drug and a polymer. DSC results showed no noteworthy change in the thermal behavior of the drug while in granular formulation. Inner core tablets were successfully compressed with acceptable results of friability, hardness, thickness, diameter, and content uniformity parameters. Double core tablets were prepared by employing immediate release granules as the outer core with intact tablets as the inner core, and all the uniformity parameters of the prepared tablets were found to be within the acceptable limits. In vitro release studies in both media showed a characteristic sustained drug release pattern for up to 24 hours. Results of stability studies indicated that all the formulations remained stable.
Aircraft Experiences with a Hybrid Loran-GPS (1988)

During the past two years, a hybrid Loran-C/GPS receiver has been used in day-to-day navigation in a Beechcraft Bonanza Model S-35. It has been an invaluable aid in learning about the capabilities of the hybrid system, as well as trying new features and options. In this paper, we first discuss the current capabilities and features of the hybrid receiver, with emphasis on the new digital Loran. Although the Loran receiver is designed as a marine product, many of the requirements of the aircraft market are similar. Second, we present data showing performance under several different circumstances, including both static and dynamic performance. Third, we discuss future enhancements and capabilities, with emphasis on the hybrid combination.
Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 2α promotes steatohepatitis through augmenting lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis (2011)

These data suggest that HIF-2α is a critical mediator in the progression from clinically manageable steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis and liver cancer, and may be a potential therapeutic target.
Total internal reflection for precision small-angle measurement (2001)

A method for precision small-angle measurement is proposed. This method is based on the total-internal-reflection effect of a light beam at a pair of glass prisms. Angular displacement of the light beam is measured when the intensity change of the reflected beam is detected as a result of the relative phase shift between the s- and the p-polarized beams. An initial phase shift between the s- and the p-polarized components is introduced to increase measurement sensitivity. For increased measurement linearity and reduced effect of laser power fluctuation on the output, a differential method is used in which the light beam is split equally into two beams, each reflected at a prism and detected by a photodiode. The output is obtained as the difference of the two detected intensities divided by their sum. A prototype device was built, which demonstrated a nonlinearity error of 1.3% in a measurement range of ±0.6° or 0.4% in ±0.3°. The peak-to-peak noise level was found to be at approximately 0.5 arc sec. This noise level can be reduced further and resolution increased by a reduction of the measurement range.
A 14b 74MS/s CMOS AFE for True High-Definition Camcorders (2006)

A 14b 74MS/s CMOS AFE is designed for true high-definition camcorder applications. This is the first published AFE capable of high-definition sample rates. The AFE operates from a 1.8V supply, achieves 78dB peak SNR, 1.4V input range, and dissipates 70mW
CMUT-in-CMOS ultrasonic transducer arrays with on-chip electronics (2009)

Integration of a 2D ultrasound transducer array with front-end signal conditioning electronics poses significant fabrication and packaging challenges due to the required number of elements and small element pitch. In this paper, we demonstrate a CMUT-in-CMOS approach that produces ultrasonic transducers and circuits on a single chip using a standard foundry CMOS process, augmented only with two blanket post-process steps for sacrificial etching and cavity sealing. 2D arrays as large as 16 times 16, with integrated on-chip buffers, switches and multiplexers were fabricated and successfully characterized. This approach provides a straightforward path to commercially viable 2D arrays for 3D medical imaging.
Metabolism and distribution of the experimental triazolone herbicide F 6285 [1-[2,4-dichloro-5-[N-(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]-1,4-dihydro-3-methyl-4-(difluoromethyl)-5H-triazol-5-one] in the rat, goat, and hen (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetabolism and distribution of the experimental triazolone herbicide F 6285 [1-[2,4-dichloro-5-[N-(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]-1,4-dihydro-3-methyl-4-(difluoromethyl)-5H-triazol-5-one] in the rat, goat, and henLouis Y. Leung, John W. Lyga, and Robert A. RobinsonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39, 8, 1509–1514Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00008a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00008a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultrarapid Purification of Collagen Type I for Tissue Engineering Applications (2011)

Acid-solubilized collagen type I (COL1) can form highly organized, three-dimensional scaffolds for a wide variety of bioengineering and cell culture applications. A rapid COL1 isolation method would be a valuable tool for both basic and translational researchers because conventional techniques require days or weeks to complete, typically use nonhuman animal tissues as a source material, and do not efficiently purify autologous COL1 from small samples. Here, we describe a 3-h method to isolate COL1 from rabbit, lamb, and human skin in sufficient quantities for fabrication of autologously derived tissues by using a rapid agitation technique and incorporating centrifugal filtration units into a traditional isolation procedure. We demonstrate that the purified product is comparable to traditional preparations using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy, and collagen content assays. In addition, our COL1 is able to support myogenic cell growth and direct orientation of these cells in vitro. Importantly, this ultrarapid COL1 isolation procedure increases the feasibility of autologous COL1 use in humans as well as overall safety for clinical patients.