gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Adaptive Web Site Agents (1999)

We discuss the design and evaluation of a class of agents that we call adaptive web site agents. The goal of such an agent is to help a user find information at a particular web site, adapting its behavior in response to the actions of the individual user and the actions of other visitors to the web site. The agent recommends related documents to visitors. It integrates and coordinates among different reasons for making recommendations including user preference for subject area, similarity between documents, frequency of citation, frequency of access, and patterns of access by visitors to the web site. We argue that this information is best used not to change the structure or content of the web site but rather to change the behavior of an animated agent that assists the user. Keywords Guides, instructions, authors kit, conference publications. 1. INTRODUCTION Designers of web sites publish information on the World Wide Web so that visitors to the site may access it. As the site cont...
Document Image Retrieval using Signatures as Queries (2006)

In searching a repository of business documents, a task of interest is that of using a query signature image to retrieve from a database, other signatures matching the query. The signature retrieval task involves a two-step process of extracting all the signatures from the documents and then performing a match on these signatures. This paper presents a novel signature retrieval strategy, which includes a technique for noise and printed text removal from signature images, previously extracted from business documents. Signature matching is based on a normalized correlation similarity measure using global shape-based binary feature vectors. In a retrieval task involving a database of 447 signatures, on an average 4.43 out of the top 5 choices were signatures belonging to the writer of the queried signature. On considering the Top 10 ranks, a F-measure value of 76.3 was obtained and the precision and recall values at this F-measure were 74.5% and 78.28% respectively
Increased levels of soluble TNF-like cytokine 1A in ankylosing spondylitis (2012)

TL1A is up-regulated in AS, associates with disease activity and is influenced by anti-TNF treatment, suggesting that TL1A may be of pathogenic and potentially of therapeutic importance in AS patients.
Magnetic properties of nested carbon nanostructures studied by electron spin resonance and magnetic susceptibility measurements (1996)

Nested carbon nanostructures, e.g., nanotubes and nanoballs, are separated from the coexisting materials of carbon flakes and needle-like fragments by sonication, centrifugalization and low-temperature combustion. Content of nanotubes at the final stage separation is in excess of 85% by weight. The nested carbon nanostructures (≳85 wt % tubules) are studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The temperature dependence of the conduction-ESR intensity for the nested carbons is similar to that for graphite. On the other hand, the g value is almost constant (g=2.0096±0.0004 at room temperature) between 40 and 300 K, in contrast to that of graphite. These ESR features are discussed in terms of the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes predicted by theoretical calculation. The magnetic field dependence of differential magnetic susceptibility (χdiff) indicates a logarithmic divergence in the magnetic field H≤2 kG and the χdiff is a positive value at H≊0.8 kG, which is qualitatively consistent with the magnetic properties of metallic carbon nanotube enunciated by Ajiki and Ando.
Growth Hormone Enhances Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Differentiation of Cultured Rat Granulosa Cells* (1986)

Suppression of serum GH levels in immature rats is associated with delayed onset of puberty and decreased ovarian steroidogenic responsiveness to FSH. To investigate possible direct effects of GH on the differentiation of ovarian cells, granulosa cells from hypophysectomized estrogen-treated rats were cultured with FSH in the presence or absence of GH for 3 days. FSH stimulated granulosa cell LH receptor formation and steroid production in a dose-dependent manner. Concomitant treatment with GH increased LH receptor content by enhancing the action of low doses of FSH without substantial increases in the maximal response. This increase was due to an elevation in the receptor number rather than changes in their affinity for hCG. At 3 ng/ml FSH, concomitant treatment with ovine or bovine GH increased LH/hCG binding in a dose-dependent manner, with 300 ng/ml GH increasing the FSH action by about 3-fold. LH receptors in the GH-treated cells were functional, as indicated by the enhanced cAMP production of these cells in response to LH treatment. The cellular protein content in the FSH-treated cultures was slightly increased by GH (18%), but cell number and viability were unaffected. The change in cell protein content could not account for the increases in the amount of LH receptors. In addition to its effects on LH/hCG receptor content, GH also augmented FSH-stimulated progesterone and 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one production in a dose-dependent manner, with 100 ng/ml GH causing significant increases in FSH-induced progesterone production. In contrast, GH treatment did not significantly affect FSH-stimulated estrogen production. The augmentating effects of GH on LH receptor formation and progestin biosynthesis were associated with an enhancement of FSH-stimulated cAMP production. In addition, GH increased forskolin- and 8-bromo-cAMP-induced LH receptor formation and progestin production. Thus, GH-augmented LH receptor induction and progestin biosynthesis may be due to both increased cAMP production and enhanced action of cAMP. The present data have demonstrated that GH augments gonadotropin-stimulated differentiation of ovarian granulosa cells, suggesting an important regulatory role of GH in follicular growth and pubertal development.
Microwave frequency discriminator with a cooled sapphire resonator for ultra-low phase noise (2003)

First results are presented for an X-band frequency discriminator using a cooled sapphire microwave resonator. These results show a lower close-in (1-Hz-1-kHz offset) phase noise measurement floor than any oscillator presently available. This performance is made possible by a sapphire whispering-gallery mode resonator which shows the highest quality factor (with Q's up to 30 million) of any RF microwave, or acoustic resonator at temperatures to 77 K. Performance is increased by use of phase detection circuitry. The sapphire discriminator is used to characterize the phase noise of a single crystal quartz oscillator of the highest quality, without the use of a second similar oscillator as reference.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rough Polysilicon Film as a High-Performance Antireflective Layer for Sub-Half-Micron Photolithography (1995)

A rough polysilicon film (or hemispherical grain (HSG) film) was proposed for use as a high-performance antireflection layer for the sub-half-micron photolithographic process, especially for polysilicon gate patterning. This HSG film was inserted between WSix film and TEOS oxide film or deposited on top of TEOS oxide film. Elimination of notching and good critical dimension control were achieved in each case. This method is more straightforward and less complex than the organic bottom antireflection coating (ARC) process and could be easily implemented in integrated circuit manufacturing.
Missense and nonsense mutations in the alternatively-spliced exon 2 of<i>COL2A1</i>cause the ocular variant of Stickler syndrome (2007)

Stickler syndrome type I (STL1) is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder characterized by ocular and extraocular features. It is caused by null-allele mutations in the COL2A1 gene that codes for procollagen II. COL2A1 precursor mRNA undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in two isoforms, a long form including exon 2 (type IIA isoform) and a short form excluding exon 2 (type IIB isoform). The short form is predominantly expressed by differentiated chondrocytes in adult cartilage, and the long form in chondroprogenitor cells during early development and in the vitreous of the eye, which is the only adult tissue containing procollagen IIA. Recent evidence indicates that due to the tissue-specific expression of these two isoforms, premature termination codon mutations in exon 2 cause Stickler syndrome with minimal or no extraocular manifestations. We describe here two mutations in exon 2 of COL2A1 in three patients with predominantly ocular Stickler syndrome: Cys64Stop in two patients, and a novel structural mutation, Cys57Tyr, in one patient. RT-PCR of total lymphoblast RNA from one patient with the Cys64Stop mutation revealed that only the normal allele of the IIA form was present, indicating that the mutation resulted either in complete loss of the allele by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay or by skipping of exon 2 via nonsense-mediated altered splicing, resulting in production of the type IIB isoform. The results of COL2A1 minigene expression studies suggest that both Cys64Stop and Cys57Tyr alter positive cis regulatory elements for splicing, resulting in a lower IIA:IIB ratio.
A h-Shirt-Based Body Sensor Network for Cuffless Calibration and Estimation of Arterial Blood Pressure (2009)

In this paper, a body sensor network (BSN) system for measuring systolic blood pressure (SBP) by a cuffless approach based on h-Shirt has been developed. Two experiments were conducted on a total of 22 subjects to evaluate the cuffless calibration approach and BSN system respectively. The results showed that using the estimated time and distance travelled by a pulse and a parameter derived from the secondary derivative of PPG, the BSN system can measure SBP completely without using a cuff within 1.2±6.0 mmHg of the reference on 10 healthy subjects aged 21-35 yrs.
The Anesthetic Activity of Optical Antipodes. II. The Arabinochloraloses (1941)

By reaction of chloral with d - and with l -arabinose, four isomeric arabinochloraloses (two pairs of antipodes) have been obtained.

The four compounds have been tested as anesthetics in mice. α- l -Arabinochloralose is much more active than its antipode. β- d -Arabinochloralose is somewhat more active than its antipode.

The significance of the unequal activity of the antipodes in relation to the theories of narcosis is discussed.
Adaptive Confidence Smoothing for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning (2018)

Generalized zero-shot learning (GZSL) is the problem of learning a classifier where some classes have samples and others are learned from side information, like semantic attributes or text description, in a zero-shot learning fashion (ZSL). Training a single model that operates in these two regimes simultaneously is challenging. Here we describe a probabilistic approach that breaks the model into three modular components, and then combines them in a consistent way. Specifically, our model consists of three classifiers: A "gating" model that makes soft decisions if a sample is from a "seen" class, and two experts: a ZSL expert, and an expert model for seen classes. We address two main difficulties in this approach: How to provide an accurate estimate of the gating probability without any training samples for unseen classes; and how to use expert predictions when it observes samples outside of its domain. The key insight to our approach is to pass information between the three models to improve each one's accuracy, while maintaining the modular structure. We test our approach, adaptive confidence smoothing (COSMO), on four standard GZSL benchmark datasets and find that it largely outperforms state-of-the-art GZSL models. COSMO is also the first model that closes the gap and surpasses the performance of generative models for GZSL, even-though it is a light-weight model that is much easier to train and tune. Notably, COSMO offers a new view for developing zero-shot models. Thanks to COSMO's modular structure, instead of trying to perform well both on seen and on unseen classes, models can focus on accurate classification of unseen classes, and later consider seen class models.
The 2-alkyl-2H-indazole regioisomers of synthetic cannabinoids AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA, and 5F-AB-PINACA are possible manufacturing impurities with cannabimimetic activities (2016)

Indazole-derived synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) featuring an alkyl substituent at the 1-position and l-valinamide at the 3-carboxamide position (e.g., AB-CHMINACA) have been identified by forensic chemists around the world, and are associated with serious adverse health effects. Regioisomerism is possible for indazole SCs, with the 2-alkyl-2<i>H</i>-indazole regioisomer of AB-CHMINACA recently identified in SC products in Japan. It is unknown whether this regiosiomer represents a manufacturing impurity arising as a synthetic byproduct, or was intentionally synthesized as a cannabimimetic agent. This study reports the synthesis, analytical characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of commonly encountered indazole SCs AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA, 5F-AB-PINACA and their corresponding 2-alkyl-2<i>H</i>-indazole regioisomers. Both regioisomers of each SC were prepared from a common precursor, and the physical properties, <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of all SC compounds are described. Additionally, AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA, and 5F-AB-PINACA were found to act as high potency agonists at CB<sub>1</sub> (EC<sub>50</sub> = 2.1-11.6 nM) and CB<sub>2</sub> (EC<sub>50</sub> = 5.6-21.1 nM) receptors in fluorometric assays, while the corresponding 2-alkyl-2<i>H</i>-indazole regioisomers demonstrated low potency (micromolar) agonist activities at both receptors. Taken together, these data suggest that 2-alkyl-2<i>H</i>-indazole regioisomers of AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA, and 5F-AB-PINACA are likely to be encountered by forensic chemists and toxicologists as the result of improper purification during the clandestine synthesis of 1-alkyl-1<i>H</i>-indazole regioisomers, and can be distinguished by differences in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern.
Planar avalanche photodiode with a low-doped, reduced curvature junction (1987)

A planar InP/InGaAsP avalanche photodiode with a reduced junction curvature and low p-type doping was fabricated by Be+ implantation through a photoelectrochemically etched InGaAs mask. A uniform gain as high as 15 was obtained without edge or surface breakdown. The device had a separated absorption and multiplication structure grown by vapor phase epitaxy. The n−-InP top layer and guard ring conventionally used for planar devices were not needed. Two-dimensional device modeling indicates that the reduced junction curvature and low doping can prevent edge breakdown and greatly suppress the surface field.
Adaptive binary splitting for efficient RFID tag anti-collision (2006)

Tag collision arbitration for passive RFID tags is a significant issue for fast tag identification. This letter presents a novel tag anti-collision scheme called adaptive binary splitting (ABS). For reducing collisions, ABS assigns distinct timeslots to tags by using information obtained from the last identification process. Our performance evaluation shows that ABS outperforms other tree based tag anti-collision protocols.
Research and implementation of fragile watermark for vector graphics (2010)

The methods of integrity authentication for vector graphics were described at fist, then digital watermarking for vector graphics was introduced. For vector graphics composed by linear entities, a fragile watermark algorithm was proposed, which was based on that the linear entities of vector graphics were divided into different groups, and watermark information was embedded in these groups. The extraction procedure not only verifies the integrity of the watermarked vector graphics, but also locates modification. The watermarked vector graphics can be used for its data is modified slightly, and the original vector graphics can be restored by extraction procedure for special application.
Automated particulate detection for ampuls with use of the probabilistic particulate detection model. (1981)

The development of a rugged, field serviceable ampul inspection system that could assure both improved quality and reduced inspection cost was initiated. The system was intended for service in geographically remote areas throughout our domestic and international divisions. As such, extra emphasis was placed on system durability and serviceability. The present paper reports on the successful completion of the Schering developed Particulate Detection System for ampuls.
GlusterFS One Storage Server to Rule Them All (2024)

GlusterFS is a Linux based distributed file system, designed to be highly scalable and serve many clients. Some reasons to use GlusterFS are: No centralized metadata server, Scalability, Open Source, Dynamic and live service modifications, Can be used over Infiniband or Ethernet, Can be tuned for speed and/or resilience and Flexible administration. It's useful for enterprise environments - virtualization; high performance computing (HPC) and it works with Mac, Linux and Windows clients. Conclusions are: (1) GlusterFS proved to have widespread capabilities as a virtual file system; (2) Scalability is very dependent upon the underlying hardware; (3) Lack of built-in encryption and security paradigm; and (4) Best suited in a general purpose computing environment.
Architecture and implementation of multimodal plug and play (2003)

This paper describes the handling of multimodality in the Embassi system. Here, multimodality is treated in two modules. Firstly, a modality fusion component merges speech, video traced pointing gestures, and input from a graphical user interface. Secondly, a presentation planning component decides upon the modality to be used for the output, i.e., speech, an animated life-like character (ALC) and/or the graphical user interface, and ensures that the presentation is coherent and cohesive. We describe how these two components work and emphasize one particular feature of our system architecture: All modality analysis components generate output in a common semantic description format and all render components process input in a common output language. This makes it particularly easy to add or remove modality analyzers or renderer components, even dynamically while the system is running. This plug and play of modalities can be used to adjust the system's capabilities to different demands of users and their situative context. In this paper we give details about the implementations of the models, protocols and modules that are necessary to realize those features.
Machine learning in cardiovascular medicine: are we there yet? (2018)

Artificial intelligence (AI) broadly refers to analytical algorithms that iteratively learn from data, allowing computers to find hidden insights without being explicitly programmed where to look. These include a family of operations encompassing several terms like machine learning, cognitive learning, deep learning and reinforcement learning-based methods that can be used to integrate and interpret complex biomedical and healthcare data in scenarios where traditional statistical methods may not be able to perform. In this review article, we discuss the basics of machine learning algorithms and what potential data sources exist; evaluate the need for machine learning; and examine the potential limitations and challenges of implementing machine in the context of cardiovascular medicine. The most promising avenues for AI in medicine are the development of automated risk prediction algorithms which can be used to guide clinical care; use of unsupervised learning techniques to more precisely phenotype complex disease; and the implementation of reinforcement learning algorithms to intelligently augment healthcare providers. The utility of a machine learning-based predictive model will depend on factors including data heterogeneity, data depth, data breadth, nature of modelling task, choice of machine learning and feature selection algorithms, and orthogonal evidence. A critical understanding of the strength and limitations of various methods and tasks amenable to machine learning is vital. By leveraging the growing corpus of big data in medicine, we detail pathways by which machine learning may facilitate optimal development of patient-specific models for improving diagnoses, intervention and outcome in cardiovascular medicine.
An analog cell library useful for artificial neural networks (2002)

The development of an analog cell library that is compatible with a standard digital CMOS technology is described. Several analog cells useful for the design of artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been designed. The initial efforts in developing an analog cell library utilized a bulk CMOS 3- mu m double-poly single-metal p-well technology supported by MOSIS. The authors designed and laid out an amplifier, a resistor, a switch, a 12-b capacitance array, current mirrors, and several digital cells needed to implement a Hamming-type ANN. Based on this experience, the authors have started developing an ANN cell library that is based on scalable CMOS 2- mu m double-poly double-metal p-well technology supported by MOSIS. They have designed the following circuits: a transconductance amplifier, a wide-range transconductance amplifier, a follower-integrator circuit, a wide-range Gilbert multiplier, and a current mirror. HSPICE simulations that have verified the functionality of the circuits and circuit descriptions are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FURYLANGELIC ACID<sup>1</sup> (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFURYLANGELIC ACID1Albert S. CarterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1928, 50, 8, 2299–2305Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1928https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01395a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01395a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Early prognosis in coma after cardiac arrest: a prospective clinical, electrophysiological, and biochemical study of 60 patients. (1996)

The combination of GCS at 48 hours, SEP, and if these are non-conclusive, EEG, permits a more reliable prediction of outcome in postanoxic coma than clinical examination alone.