gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Resolution NMR: Theory and Chemical Applications (1969)

High Resolution NMR provides a broad treatment of the principles and theory of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as it is used in the chemical sciences. It is written at an "intermediate" level, with mathematics used to augment, rather than replace, clear verbal descriptions of the phenomena. The book is intended to allow a graduate student, advanced undergraduate, or researcher to understand NMR at a fundamental level, and to see illustrations of the applications of NMR to the determination of the structure of small organic molecules and macromolecules, including proteins. Emphasis is on the study of NMR in liquids, but the treatment also includes high resolution NMR in the solid state and the principles of NMR imaging and localized spectroscopy. Careful attention is given to developing and interrelating four approaches - steady state energy levels, the rotating vector picture, the density matrix, and the product operator formalism. The presentation is based on the assumption that the reader has an acquaintance with the general principles of quantum mechanics, but no extensive background in quantum theory or proficiency in mathematics is required. Likewise, no previous background in NMR is assumed, since the book begins with a description of the basic physics, together with a brief account of the historical development of the field. This third edition of High Resolution NMR preserves the "conversational" approach of the previous editions that has been well accepted as a teaching tool. However, more than half the material is new, and the remainder has been revised extensively. Problems are included to reinforce concepts in the book. Key Features * Uses mathematics to augment, not replace, verbal explanations * Written in a clear and conversational style * Follows the successful format and approach of two previous editions * Revised and updated extensively--about 70 percent of the text is new * Includes problems and references to additional reading at the end of each chapter.
High-energy quasi-phase-matched optical parametric oscillation in a periodically poled MgO:LiNbO_3 device with a 5?mm×5?mm aperture (2005)

Fabrication of a 5 mm thick periodically poled MgO-doped LiNbO3 device with a 32.1 microm period for mid-infrared generation was demonstrated. The periodic structure was evaluated by measurement of second-harmonic generation with the d31 coefficient. Optical parametric oscillation using this device with an uncoated 5 mm x 5 mm aperture and a 36 mm effective length realized a high-energy output of 77 mJ for both signal (wavelength 1.83 microm) and idler (2.54 microm) waves with a 72% slope efficiency at 110 mJ pumping of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a 12 ns pulse duration.
Family of the major cold‐shock protein, CspA (CS7.4), of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, whose members show a high sequence similarity with the eukaryotic Y‐box binding proteins (1994)

The cspA is a gene of Escherichia coli, whose expression is specifically induced at low temperatures to a level of 13% of total protein synthesis. The CspA protein consisting of 70 amino acid residues has high sequence similarity with eukaryotic Y-box DNA-binding proteins. We found two independent clones from the Kohara miniset phage collection, which hybridized with a DNA fragment containing cspA. DNA sequencing of these clones confirmed that the two genes are highly homologous to cspA. One designated cspB is mapped at 35 min on the E. coli chromosome and encodes a 71-residue protein with 79% identity to CspA, while the other, cspC, is mapped at 40 min and encodes a 69-residue protein with 70% identity. In addition, a DNA sequence upstream of the clpA gene at 19 min published elsewhere contains an open reading frame for a 74-residue protein with 45% identity to CspA. All csp genes were fused in the coding regions with the lacZ gene, and the expression of beta-galactosidase was examined for these hybrid genes upon cold shock. A similar cold-shock induction to cspA was observed for cspB but not cspC and cspD. These results indicate that E. coli has a family of the cspA gene, some of which are induced by cold shock.
Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change (2000)

Software development projects can be fun, productive, and even daring. Yet they can consistently deliver value to a business and remain under control.Extreme Programming (XP) was conceived and developed to address the specific needs of software development conducted by small teams in the face of vague and changing requirements. This new lightweight methodology challenges many conventional tenets, including the long-held assumption that the cost of changing a piece of software necessarily rises dramatically over the course of time. XP recognizes that projects have to work to achieve this reduction in cost and exploit the savings once they have been earned.Fundamentals of XP include: Distinguishing between the decisions to be made by business interests and those to be made by project stakeholders. Writing unit tests before programming and keeping all of the tests running at all times. Integrating and testing the whole system--several times a day. Producing all software in pairs, two programmers at one screen. Starting projects with a simple design that constantly evolves to add needed flexibility and remove unneeded complexity. Putting a minimal system into production quickly and growing it in whatever directions prove most valuable.Why is XP so controversial? Some sacred cows don't make the cut in XP: Don't force team members to specialize and become analysts, architects, programmers, testers, and integrators--every XP programmer participates in all of these critical activities every day. Don't conduct complete up-front analysis and design--an XP project starts with a quick analysis of the entire system, and XP programmers continue to make analysis and design decisions throughout development. Develop infrastructure and frameworks as you develop your application, not up-front--delivering business value is the heartbeat that drives XP projects. Don't write and maintain implementation documentation--communication in XP projects occurs face-to-face, or through efficient tests and carefully written code.You may love XP, or you may hate it, but Extreme Programming Explained will force you to take a fresh look at how you develop software. 0201616416B04062001
Glutamatergic Afferents of the Ventral Tegmental Area in the Rat (2007)

Glutamatergic inputs to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), thought crucial to the capacity of the VTA to detect and signal stimulus salience, have been reported to arise in but a few structures. However, the afferent system of the VTA comprises very abundant neurons within a large formation extending from the prefrontal cortex to the caudal brainstem. Neurons in nearly all parts of this continuum may be glutamatergic and equivalently important to VTA function. Thus, we sought to identify the full range of glutamatergic inputs to the VTA by combining retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-bound gold after injections into the VTA with nonisotopic in situ hybridization of the vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) 1, 2, and 3. We found glutamatergic neurons innervating the VTA in almost all structures projecting there and that a majority of these are subcortical and VGLUT2 mRNA positive. The tremendous convergence of glutamatergic afferents from many brain areas in the VTA suggests that (1) the function of the VTA requires integration of manifold and diverse bits of information and (2) the activity of the VTA reflects the ongoing activities of various combinations of its afferents.
Environmental Electrochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications in Pollution Abatement (1997)

Chapter 1: Some Definitions and Classification of Pollutants. Environmental Media and Pollutant Transport. Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology of Common Pollutants--A Primer. Current Methods for Pollutant Analyses. Current Methods for Pollutant Treatment. Electrochemical Technology and the Environment. Summary. Chapter 2: Current, Charge, and Potential. Charge and Mass Transport. Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces and Electrochemical Cells. Thermodynamics and Kinetics in Electrochemical Systems. Electroanalytical Chemistry. Electrolysis and Electrodeposition. Mass Transport Under Forced Convection in an Electrochemical Cell. Electrochemical Reactor Design. Electrokinetic Phenomena. Semiconductor Electrochemistry. Photoemission at Metal Electrodes. Instrumentation. Chapter 3: Electrochemistry of Inorganic Pollutants. Chapter 4: Flow Injection Analysis. Potentiometric Sensors. Amperometric/Coulometric and Voltammetric/Polargraphic Detection in Flow System. Amperometric Sensors for Environmental Pollutants: Some Examples. Amperometric Gas Sensors. Stripping Analyses: Specialized Aspects. Direct Voltammetric (or Polarographic) Determination of Pollutants. Electrochemistry as an Auxiliary Tool to Atomic Spectroscopies. Conductivity Detectors. Photoassisted Detection of Pollutants. Chapter 5: Positive Features of Electrochemical Remediation. Direct Electrolysis of Pollutants. Indirect Electrolysis of Pollutants. Electroflotation, Electrocoagulation andElectroflocculation. Electrochemical Remediation of Gaseous Pollutants. Membrane-Assisted Processes. Electroremediation of Soils. Emerging Materials for Electrochemical Treatment of Pollutants. Chapter 6: Photolysis of H2O2 and O3and Generation of e-aq. Destruction of Organics as Mediated by OH and e-aq. Direct Photodissociation of the Pollutant. Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Examples of Application of the UV/H2O2 System. Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Examples of Application of the UV/O3 System. The UV/H2O2/O3 Process. UV/H2O2 and UV/O3 Systems: Practical Considerations. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis. Chapter 7: Water Disinfection:Background and Principles. Electrochemical Disinfection of Water. Disinfection by High-Energy Radiation. UV Disinfection. Photoelectrochemical Disinfection of Air and Water. Electrochemical Detection and Enumeration of Microorganisms. Summary. Chapter8: Commercial Vendors of Electrochemical Equipment and Accessories. Electrochemical Sensors of Environmental Pollutants: Commercialization Efforts. Electrochemical Reactors for Pollutant Treatment and Chemical Recycling. Advanced Oxidation Processes: Pilot/Field Tests and Commercialization Efforts. Electrochemical Reactors for Pollutant Treatment and Chemical Recycling. Water Disinfection Technology. Summary. Appendixes. Subject Index.
Computational Modeling of <i>ansa</i>-Zirconocene Amide Complexes (2004)

The structures and relative energies of ansa-zirconocene bis-amide complexes were studied by DFT computations. X-ray crystal structures and experimental trends in ΔErac-meso values for a series of zirconocenes with terminal and chelated bis-amide ligands were reproduced with reasonable accuracy by B3LYP/LANL2DZ//B3LYP/LANL2MB. In the absence of overriding steric interactions, the most stable conformation of Zr{PhN(CH2)3NPh} rings in zirconocenes is the twist conformation. For (C5H5)2Zr{PhN(CH2)3NPh} (5), the twist conformer is 2.7 kcal/mol more stable than the chair and 3.6 kcal/mol more stable than the boat. rac-(MBSBI)Zr{PhN(CH2)3NPh} (rac-3; MBSBI = Me2Si(2-Me-4,5-benzindenyl)2) is 5.7 kcal/mol more stable than the meso isomer because the latter species must undergo a combination of distortions to accommodate the favored twist conformation of the Zr{PhN(CH2)3NPh} ring. These distortions include a significant η3-slip and an exaggerated angle between the C6 and C5 ring planes for one benzindenyl ligand and a subtle flattening of the Zr{PhN(CH2)3NPh} ring. In contrast, rac-(MBSBI)Zr{PhN(CH2)2NPh} (rac-7) is only 2.4 kcal/mol more stable than the meso isomer. In this case, the Zr{PhN(CH2)2NPh} ring adopts an envelope conformation in which one N-Ph ring lies in the N−Zr−N plane and steric interactions on the crowded side of the meso metallocene unit are minimized. These results provide insight into the origin of rac/meso selectivity in chelate-controlled syntheses of ansa-zirconocenes based on the reaction of Zr bis-amide compounds with lithium ansa-bis-indenyl and cyclopentadienyl reagents.
Physiological Effects of Sucrose Substitutes and Artificial Sweeteners on Growth Pattern and Acid Production of Glucose-Grown Streptococcus mutans Strains in vitro (1976)

Abstract The synergistic effects of four sucrose substitutes, polysorbate and five artificial sweeteners were studied in vitro on growth pattern and acid production of seven glucose-grown Streptococcus mutans strains, representing the five serological groups after Bratthall. Four distinct growth pat­ terns during glucose fermentation were observed: high rate of growth with low acid production, moderate growth rate with moderate acid production, moderate growth rate with high acid pro­duction, and slow rate of growth with moderate acid production. Depending on the strain used, the final OD at 546 nm ranged from 0.55 to 0.99 and the final pH of the medium varied between 4.65 and 4.15. While added sucrose substitutes, with exceptions, usually enhanced growth rate, most artificial sweeteners suppressed or, at higher concentrations, even inhibited growth of S. mutans-, addition of polysorbate to the medium always increased growth rate of S. mutans significantly. The presence of sucrose substitutes during glucose fermentation had no effect on final pH of the medium, but addition of artificial sweeteners, especially sodium saccharin, elevated final pH up to 1.8 units. The observed physiological patterns and differences within the several strains of S. mutans during glucose fermentation in vitro do not necessarily relate to the five serological groups of the species.
Asynchronous DRAM design and synthesis (2003)

We present the design of a high performance on-chip pipelined asynchronous DRAM suitable for use in a microprocessor cache. Although traditional DRAM structures suffer from long access latency and even longer cycle times, our design achieves a simulated core sub-nanosecond latency and a respectable cycle time of 4.8 ns in a standard 0.25 /spl mu/m logic process. We also show how the cycle time penalty can be overcome by using pipelined interleaved banks with quasi-delay insensitive asynchronous control circuits. We can thus approach the performance of SRAM, which is typically used for caches, while still benefiting from the smaller area footprint of DRAM.
Intranasal Immunization with SAG1 and Nontoxic Mutant Heat-Labile Enterotoxins Protects Mice against<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (2001)

Effective protection against intestinal pathogens requires both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Intranasal administration of antigens induces these responses but generally fails to trigger a strong protective immunity. Mucosal adjuvants can significantly enhance the immunogenicities of intranasally administered antigens. Cholera toxin (CT) and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) are strong mucosal adjuvants with a variety of antigens. Moreover, the toxicities of CT and LT do not permit their use in humans. Two nontoxic mutant LTs, LTR72 and LTK63, were tested with Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 protein in intranasal vaccination of CBA/J mice. Vaccination with SAG1 plus LTR72 or LTK63 induced strong systemic (immunoglobulin G [IgG]) and mucosal (IgA) humoral responses. Splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells from mice immunized with LTR72 plus SAG1, but not those from mice immunized with LTK63 plus SAG1, responded to restimulation with a T. gondii lysate antigen in vitro. Gamma interferon and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by splenocytes and IL-2 production by mesenteric lymph node cells were observed in vitro after antigen restimulation, underlying a Th1-like response. High-level protection as assessed by the decreased load of cerebral cysts after a challenge with the 76K strain of T. gondii was obtained in the group immunized with LTR72 plus SAG1 and LTK63 plus SAG1. They were as well protected as the mice immunized with the antigen plus native toxins. This is the first report showing protection against a parasite by using combinations of nontoxic mutant LTs and SAG1 antigen. These nontoxic mutant LTs are now attractive candidates for the development of mucosally delivered vaccines.
Preserving Differential Privacy in Degree-Correlation based Graph Generation. (2013)

Enabling accurate analysis of social network data while preserving differential privacy has been challenging since graph features such as cluster coefficient often have high sensitivity, which is different from traditional aggregate functions (e.g., count and sum) on tabular data. In this paper, we study the problem of enforcing edge differential privacy in graph generation. The idea is to enforce differential privacy on graph model parameters learned from the original network and then generate the graphs for releasing using the graph model with the private parameters. In particular, we develop a differential privacy preserving graph generator based on the dK-graph generation model. We first derive from the original graph various parameters (i.e., degree correlations) used in the dK-graph model, then enforce edge differential privacy on the learned parameters, and finally use the dK-graph model with the perturbed parameters to generate graphs. For the 2K-graph model, we enforce the edge differential privacy by calibrating noise based on the smooth sensitivity, rather than the global sensitivity. By doing this, we achieve the strict differential privacy guarantee with smaller magnitude noise. We conduct experiments on four real networks and compare the performance of our private dK-graph models with the stochastic Kronecker graph generation model in terms of utility and privacy tradeoff. Empirical evaluations show the developed private dK-graph generation models significantly outperform the approach based on the stochastic Kronecker generation model.
Adaptive sample bias for rapidly-exploring random trees with applications to test generation (2005)

We are developing a randomized approach to test generation for hybrid systems, and control systems in general, inspired by the rapidly-exploring random trees (RRTs) technique from robotic motion planning which has proved successful in solving high dimensional nonlinear problems. The approach represents an automated analysis alternative for systems where computing the reachable set is intractable. The standard RRTs method creates a tree in the state space by uniformly generating random sampling point and trying to find inputs which connect them. In this paper we propose a novel adaptive sampling strategy. We initially bias the distribution so that states near the "unsafe" set are selected. We continually monitor the growth of the tree. As the growth rate of the tree declines we adjust the sampling distribution to be less biased. This adaptive search strategy varies bias between "greedy" and global, often finding test trajectories more quickly than the traditional algorithm.
<title>Multiplexed point and stepwise-continuous fiber grating based sensors: practical sensor for structural monitoring?</title> (1994)

The paper describes recent progress on developing a complimentary pair of fiber grating-based sensor methods for structural monitoring. Particular emphasis is placed, firstly, on interrogating arrays of point-sensors based on fiber gratings using an acousto-optic tunable filter and, secondly, on determining the optical path length between these point sensors using optical time domain reflectometry. The combined system is capable of measuring both local and spatially-averaged strain. A new approach which permits the simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature, using superimposed fiber gratings, is presented. Potential applications in aerospace composites are also discussed.
Statistical translation alignment with compositionality constraints (2003)

This article presents a method for aligning words between translations, that imposes a compositionality constraint on alignments produced with statistical translation models. Experiments conducted within the WPT-03 shared task on word alignment demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Content-based mood classification for photos and music (2008)

Mood or emotion information are often used search terms or navigation properties within multimedia archives, retrieval systems or multimedia players. Most of these applications engage end-users or experts to tag multimedia objects with mood annotations. Within the scientific community different approaches for content-based music, photo or multimodal mood classification can be found with a wide range of used mood definitions or models and completely different test suites. The purpose of this paper is to review common mood models in order to assess their flexibility, to present a generic multi-modal mood classification framework which uses various audio-visual features and multiple classifiers and to present a novel music and photo mood classification reference set for evaluation. The classification framework is the basis for different applications e.g. automatic media tagging or music slideshow players. The novel reference set can be used for comparison of different algorithms from various research groups. Finally, the results of the introduced framework are presented, discussed and conclusions for future steps are drawn.
Surface Modification of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Films by Graft Copolymerization for Adhesion Improvement with Evaporated Copper (1998)

Surface modifications of Ar plasma-pretreated poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) film via UV light-induced graft copolymerization with 1-vinylimidazole (VIDz) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were carried out to improve the adhesion with evaporated copper. The surface compositions of the graft-copolymerized PTFE films were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The graft yield increases with the monomer concentration. The adhesion strength of the graft-copolymerized PTFE film and the evaporated copper is affected by the type of monomer used for graft copolymerization, the graft concentration, the plasma posttreatment time after graft copolymerization, and the extent of heat posttreatment after evaporation of copper. A double graft copolymerization process, which involved first the graft copolymerization with VIDz, followed by graft copolymerization with GMA, was also employed to enhance the adhesion of evaporated Cu to PTFE. The T-type peel strength of the PTFE/Cu interface so obtained is about 15 N/cm, which represents a 10-fold increase over that obtained when the PTFE film was treated by plasma only. The mechanism of the peel strength enhancement and the cohesive failure of the polymer−metal interface were also investigated.
The effective integration of software engineering principles throughout the undergraduate computer science curriculum (abstract) (1995)

No abstract available.
Preparation of CH<sub>3</sub>TiF and (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>TiF<sub>2</sub> from the Reaction of CH<sub>3</sub>F with Laser-Ablated Ti Atoms (2004)

Laser-ablated Ti atoms react with CH(3)F upon condensation with excess argon to form primarily CH(3)TiF and (CH(3))(2)TiF(2). Irradiation in the UV region promotes alpha-hydrogen rearrangement of CH(3)TiF to CH(2)=TiHF and increases the yield of (CH(3))(2)TiF(2). Annealing to allow diffusion and reaction of more CH(3)F markedly increases the yield of (CH(3))(2)TiF(2). This shows that the CH(3)TiF + CH(3)F reaction is spontaneous and that triplet state CH(3)TiF is an extremely reactive molecule. B3LYP calculations are extremely effective in predicting vibrational frequencies and isotopic shifts for CH(3)TiF and (CH(3))(2)TiF(2) and thus in confirming their identification from matrix infrared spectroscopy.
[Hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in combined treatment of patients with tumors of the abdominal organs]. (2003)

Based on a comparative analysis of the results of treatment of 142 patients the author has shown expediency of the proposed method of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. It allows to prolong the patients' life and to increase the number of cases of one-year survival.