gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initial Test of Optoelectronic High Power Microwave Generation From 6H-SiC Photoconductive Switch (2019)

High-power photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) working in linear mode can be used for RF generation by modulating the illuminating light. This letter presents a design and initial test of an optoelectronic class B push-pull microwave power amplifier (MPA) using two 6H-SiC photoconductive switches. The initial tests have been conducted with bias voltage of ±2.4 kV, at 80 kW peak laser pulse power, demonstrating that the SiC PCSS working in linear mode can produce microwaves. Then, circuit simulation is conducted to study the factors affecting the electrical efficiency, such as the quantum efficiency, the peak laser pulse power, and the bias voltage. It is speculated that the MPA could output 1 mW microwave power and achieve electrical efficiency of more than 60% with a bias voltage of 15 kV, quantum efficiency of 0.2, and peak laser pulse power of 100 kW.
Multispectral image coding using lattice VQ and the wavelet transform (2002)

This paper examines the problem of compressing multispectral images using the wavelet transform and stack-run entropy coding. Our goal is to explore various ways of coding the wavelet coefficients in order to see which techniques can best exploit the correlation between the multispectral bands to produce an efficient coding algorithm. The results of our study indicate that applying the KLT to each subband followed by lattice VQ on Z/sup n/ and subsequent independent entropy coding of each of the lattice dimensions is an effective and fairly simple coding technique. We also demonstrate the importance of proper bit-allocation or, equivalently, the correct choice of the lattice scale parameter for each subband.
Superoxide Generation from Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase (1998)

It has been previously shown that besides synthesizing nitric oxide (NO), neuronal and inducible NO synthase (NOS) generates superoxide (O-2) under conditions of L-arginine depletion. However, there is controversy regarding whether endothelial NOS (eNOS) can also produce O-2. Moreover, the mechanism and control of this process are not fully understood. Therefore, we performed electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping experiments to directly measure and characterize the O-2 generation from purified eNOS. With the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), prominent signals of O-2 adduct, DMPO-OOH, were detected from eNOS in the absence of added tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and these were quenched by superoxide dismutase. This O-2 formation required Ca2+/calmodulin and was blocked by the specific NOS inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) but not its non-inhibitory enantiomer D-NAME. A parallel process of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent NADPH oxidation was observed which was also inhibited by L-NAME but not D-NAME. Pretreatment of the enzyme with the heme blockers cyanide or imidazole also prevented O-2 generation. BH4 exerted dose-dependent inhibition of the O-2 signals generated by eNOS. Conversely, in the absence of BH4 L-arginine did not decrease this O-2 generation. Thus, eNOS can also catalyze O-2 formation, and this appears to occur primarily at the heme center of its oxygenase domain. O-2 synthesis from eNOS requires Ca2+/calmodulin and is primarily regulated by BH4 rather than L-arginine.
Design and Implementation of a String Matching System for Network Intrusion Detection using FPGA-based Bloom Filters (2004)

Modern Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) inspect the network packet payload to check if it conforms to the security policies of the given network. This process, of-ten referred to as deep packet inspection, involves detection of predeﬁned signature strings or keywords starting at an arbitrary location in the payload. String matching is a computationally intensive task and can become a potential bottleneck without high-speed processing. Since the conventional software-implemented string matching algorithms have not kept pace with the increasing network speeds, special purpose hardware solutions have been introduced. In this paper we show how Bloom ﬁlters can be used effectively to perform string matching for thousands of strings at wire speed. We describe how Bloom ﬁlters can be implemented feasibly on commodity FPGA. Our analysis shows that this approach for string matching is more effective than the current FPGA-based solutions which use Deterministic or Non-deterministic Finite Automata (DFA or NFA). Fi-nally, we give the details of our implementation of string matching technique on Xilinx XCV 2000E FPGA.
Antineoplastic Effects of Decitabine, an Inhibitor of DNA Promoter Methylation, in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells (2010)

Decitabine exhibits antitumoral properties in ACC cells at clinically achievable doses and may be an effective adjuvant therapy in patients with advanced disease. Decitabine recovers expression of silenced genes on 11q13, which suggests a possible role of epigenetic gene silencing in adrenocortical carcinogenesis.
Molecular characterisation of a DNA ligase gene of the extremely thermophilic archaeon<i>Desulfurolobus ambivalens</i>shows close phylogenetic relationship to eukaryotic ligases (1992)

A 3382 bp fragment containing a gene for a DNA ligase from the extremely thermophilic, acidophilic, and facultatively anaerobic archaeon (archaebacterium) Desulfurolobus ambivalens was cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence (600 amino acids, 67619 molecular weight) showed 30-34% sequence identity with the ATP-dependent eucaryal (eukaryotic) DNA ligases of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the human DNA ligase I, and with the Vaccinia DNA ligase. Distant similarity to the DNA ligases from the bacteriophages T3, T4, T6, T7 and the African swine fever virus was found, whereas no similarities were detectable to the NAD-dependent DNA ligases from the bacteria (eubacteria) Escherichia coli and Thermus thermophilus, to the ATP-dependent RNA-ligase of bacteriophage T4, and to the tRNA-Ligase from S.cerevisiae. A detailed comparison of the phylogenetic relationship of the amino acid sequences of all known DNA and RNA ligases is presented including a complete alignment of the ATP-dependent DNA ligases. The in vivo-transcription initiation and termination sites of the D.ambivalens gene were mapped. The calculated transcript length was 1904-1911 nt.
Abstract 1044: Role of autophagic mediators in the transition from endometriosis to endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (2011)

Abstract Endometriosis, a common painful and inflammatory gynecological disease, has been proposed to contribute to the development of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, specifically the endometrioid and clear cell subtypes. The mechanism underlying this transition is unclear; however, many characteristics of endometriosis and endometrioid-ovarian cancer are similar with the exception of loss of cell cycle control. Autophagy, a survival mechanism which is activated in response to multiple stresses promotes tumorigenic development and may be an ideal target for therapy. To date, the role of autophagy in the development of endometrioid-ovarian carcinomas is unknown with the exception of attenuated mRNA levels of the autophagic marker, beclin-1, in an endometriosis-related condition. Since we have shown that SnoN/SkiL, a TGFβ co-transcriptional regulator, modulates autophagy in ovarian cancer cell lines, we propose that SnoN and/or autophagic mediators may be involved in the transition from endometriosis to ovarian cancer. Thus, we determined the basal expression levels of markers of TGFβ and autophagic pathways in primary and SV40 LTg immortalized endometriotic cells isolated from patients with endometriosis and compared their levels to endometrial/ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Cell lysates were prepared from confluent cultures of (1) five endometrial carcinoma cell lines (MFE296, MFE319, AN3-CA, KLE, and HEC-1A), (2) endometrioid-ovarian carcinoma cell line (TOV112D), (3) a clear cell carcinoma cell line (TOV21G), (4) three serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell lines (OVCAR8, HEY, and SKOV3), and (5) two primary (PNEs) as well as four SV40 LTg immortalized (INEs) normal endometriotic cells (derived from patients with endometriotic lesions). These were then assessed for protein expression levels of markers in various signaling pathways (autophagy, TGFβ, cell survival, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition) via western analysis and densitometric analysis. Relative to endometrial/serous epithelial ovarian carcinomas, PNEs and INEs expressed (1) low levels of oncogenes (EVI1, SnoN, and EGFR), (2) elevated levels of tumor suppressors (PTEN), (3) elevated levels of the EMT marker N-Cadherin, and (4) low levels of autophagic markers (i.e. ATG5, ATG7, and hVps34). Since we have observed marked differences in expression of autophagy and TGFβ signaling mediators, studies are ongoing to investigate the effects of knockdown and overexpression of ATGs and SnoN/SkiL in TOV112D and INEs, respectively, to determine their role in modulating this transition event. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1044. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1044
MORE ON THE LATEROLOG* DEVICE** (1979)

A bstract Basic Laterolog devices employ a measure‐current focusing technique to provide well logs of formation resistivity that feature sharp vertical definition combined with a depth of investigation much improved over those of normals of comparable spacings. To develop the concept of measure‐current focusing, a disk‐electrode arrangement analogous to a guard‐ring capacitor is considered first, leading finally to consideration of a real sonde in a cylindrical borehole. In the latter, auxiliary currents are adjusted to maintain substantially at zero the vertical potential gradients above and below the central measure‐current electrode; this has the effect of focusing the measure‐current beam. However, prediction of sonde responses on the basis of current patterns can in some cases be misleading. Indeed, for a given Laterolog array, one may use a (reciprocalmode) current pattern radically different from the one defined by the basic (direct‐mode) measure‐current focusing scheme and still obtain the same resistivity measurement. This feature is illustrated for Laterolog 3 by use of transfer impedances, and demonstrated for certain more general cases using the reciprocity theorem. Comparisons of Laterolog responses across typical thin beds, both non‐invaded and invaded, with those of normal devices of a comparable range of spacings illustrate the improved vertical resolution obtained with Laterolog devices. The examples also show the different magnitudes of the auxiliary currents (thenceforth designated “bucking”‐ or “focusing” currents) used in the direct and reciprocal modes and illustrate how these currents must continuously vary in order to maintain the focused condition as the sonde moves through the bed. Finally, briefly considering possible applications of Laterolog‐type arrays in surface prospecting, it is shown that a one‐dimensional array laid out on the surface does not provide the same degree of measure‐current focusing as is obtained in a borehole. Some improvement is obtained with a combination of two crossed linear arrays. Much more is obtained using a circular array.
Ensuring Component Application Consistency on Small Devices: A Repository-Based Approach (2012)

Deployment of component-based applications may involve complex issues of maintaining their consistency, both when composing a complete application and updating a small subset of its components. Evaluating consistency may be a computationally-intensive problem, especially if it involves behavioural compatibility or extra-functional property assessment. This poses serious challenge to its application on resource-constrained devices which represent an important future computing platform. This work describes an approach that aims to address this challenge by separating the tasks of obtaining the results of component consistency evaluation and using them in deployment and update processes. The first task is in our aproach performed by a repository with sufficient computational resources. The results are transformed into rich, remotely accessible meta-data which are easily checked by the component frameworks and application management agents on the devices. Experiences with a prototype implementation called CRCE as well as initial measurements suggest that the approach can make application consistency evaluation feasible in resource-constrained scenarios.
Measurement of Sap Flow in Conifers by Heat Transport. (1958)

An account of the various methods which have been used in an attempt to measure the rate of sap flow in plants has been given by Crafts, Currier and Stocking (2). Methods which require the measurement of the amount of material moving through a known cross-sectional area, or the timing of the movement of some material indicator such as salts, dyes or radioactive material, suffer from the disadvantage that the vessels conveying the sap stream must be severed, either to measure the quantity of sap or to introduce the indicator, causing an unknown disturbance to the initial state. Our experience confirms that on cutting the vessels of a living tree the rate of sap flow always changes greatly in magnitude, often instantaneously. Heat used as an indicator, however, does not have this disadvantage as it can enter the sap stream by thermal conduction through the walls of the vessels. Measurements using heat have been made by Huber (5) and his school (e.g., Huber and Schmidt (6)), and Dixon (3). Huberts first experiments were made on a tropical liana with such a high rate of sap flow that heat applied for one or two seconds was still recognizable as a pulse at the junctions of a thermocouple 30 cm downstream from the heater. The time till the first appearance of heat at the thermocouple was assumed to be the same as the time taken for the sap to move this distance. For slower sap speeds it became essential to distinguish between the effect of convection by the moving sap and the transport of heat by thermal conduction. Dixon achieved this by placing the thermoj unctions at distances of 1 cm and 2 cm from the heater and considering only cases when the more distant, junction at some stage indicated a higher temperature than the nearer one. Huber and Schmidt (6) devised a method for the same purpose in which one junction was 2.0 cm downstream and the other 1.6 cm upstream from the heater. In all these experiments the heater wires and the thermojunctions were laid either on the intact bark or just under the bark on the surface of the sap wood. There are two fundamental drawbacks to these heat transport experiments. First, it will be shown below that the assumption made in each case that the speed of the sap is identical with that of the heat pulse is not justified. In conifers the sap speed is actually about three times that of the heat pulse. Secondly, comparison between the curves presented for galvanometer deflections versus time and those calculated theoretically shows that, in spite of cotton wool lagging, there was considerable loss of heat; this reduces the usefulness of the results.
Integration of region tracking and optical flow for image motion estimation (2002)

Robust motion estimation is obtained by integrating optical flow and region tracking methods into a closed-loop architecture. To ensure robust tracking over long intervals in video image sequences, the system has mechanisms to predict and assess tracking performance. Our application is to constrain the estimation of the 3D motion of a camera.
Device specific standard test methods for electromagnetic interference of medical devices (2002)

Several device-specific, radiated electromagnetic interference test methods have been developed for particular combinations of medical devices and nearby sources of radio frequency interference (RFI). These tests are useful for supplementing the prevailing, generic standardized medical device RFI immunity test methods. Generic tests such as those specified IEC 601-1-2 and related standards underestimate the degree of RFI problems that can be encountered in the close proximity of handheld transmitters and cellular telephones. This occurs because the generic standards admittedly do not relate their test conditions to extreme exposure situations. Device-specific test methods have been developed by several organizations to evaluate the susceptibility to nearby transmitters of implantable cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators, as well as hearing aids. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed and tested a "universal", simulated near-field RF source for this kind of test. It consists of a standard dipole antenna connected to an amplitude-modulated RF generator that can simulate a wide range of worst-case RF carrier frequencies and modulations. Another new device-specific test is the draft ASC 63 standardized test method for "ad-hoc" RFI testing. It is proposed to be used to evaluate the RFI susceptibility of a wide variety of specific medical devices. Individual RF sources will be used, such as handheld transmitters, placed one meter from the medical device under test in the actual clinical setting.
Nanoparticle Immobilization for Controllable Experiments in Liquid-Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy (2018)

We demonstrate that silanization can control the adhesion of nanostructures to the SiN windows compatible with liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM). Formation of an (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) self-assembled monolayer on a SiN window, producing a surface decorated with amino groups, permits strong adhesion of Au nanoparticles to the window. Many of these nanoparticles remain static, undergoing minimal translation or rotation during LC-TEM up to high electron beam current densities due to the strong interaction between the APTES amino group and Au. We then use this technique to perform a direct comparative LC-TEM study on the behavior of ligand and nonligand-coated Au nanoparticles in a Au growth solution. While the ligand coated nanoparticles remain consistent even under high electron beam current densities, the naked nanoparticles acted as sites for secondary Au nucleation. These nucleated particles decorated the parent nanoparticle surface, forming consecutive monolayer assemblies of ∼2 nm diameter nanoparticles, which sinter into the parent particle when the electron beam was shut off. This method for facile immobilization of nanostructures for LC-TEM study will permit more sophisticated and controlled in situ experiments into the properties of solid-liquid interfaces in the future.
Numerical evaluation of methods for computing tomographic projections (1994)

Methods for computing forward/back projections of 2D images can be viewed as numerical integration techniques. The accuracy of any ray-driven projection method can be improved by increasing the number of ray-paths that are traced per projection bin. The accuracy of pixel-driven projection methods can be increased by dividing each pixel into a number of smaller sub-pixels and projecting each sub-pixel. The authors compare 4 competing methods of computing forward/back projections: bilinear interpolation, ray-tracing, pixel-driven projection based upon sub-pixels, and pixel-driven projection based upon circular, rather than square, pixels. This latter method is equivalent to a fast, bi-nonlinear interpolation. These methods and the choice of the number of ray-paths per projection bin or the number of sub-pixels per pixel present a trade-off between computational speed and accuracy. To solve the problem of assessing backprojection accuracy, the analytical inverse Fourier transform of the ramp filtered forward projection of the Shepp and Logan head phantom is derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Initial performance evaluation of a high resolution Albira small animal positron emission tomography scanner with monolithic crystals and depth-of-interaction encoding from a user's perspective (2009)

Initial performance evaluation of a high resolution Albira small animal positron emission tomography scanner with monolithic crystals and depth-of-interaction encoding from a user's perspective, Balcerzyk, Marcin, Kontaxakis, George, Delgado, Mercedes, Garcia-Garcia, Luis, Correcher, Carlos, Gonzalez, Antonio J, Gonzalez, Aurora, Rubio, Jose L, Benlloch, Jose M, Pozo, Miguel A
Acoustic echo cancellation for stereophonic systems derived from pairwise panning of monophonic speech (2005)

An algorithm is introduced that performs stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation (SAEC) for systems using pairwise panning of a single monophonic source to provide the effect of spatialisation. The technique exploits the inherent high correlation between the loudspeaker signals, unlike other general SAEC techniques, which try to utilise any small uncorrelated features in the signals. The algorithm maintains a single aggregate echo path estimate that is updated using normalised least mean square (NLMS) and the knowledge of any change in the spatialisation. Consequently, it achieves a computational complexity that is of the same order as a single channel NLMS algorithm.
What online gamers really think of the Internet? (2003)

The Internet has provided a network infrastructure with global connectivity for the games industry to develop and deploy online games. However, unlike the document interface paradigm of the World Wide Web (WWW), these online games have more stringent requirements that are not fulfilled by the Internet's best effort service model.A key characteristic of online games is the possibility of having multiple participants share the same experience. Consequently, the volatile nature of the Internet can affect the enjoyment of all, or at the very least a few, of the users. To ameliorate the impact caused by network problems that may arise during game play, game developers have adopted adaptation techniques in the design and implementation of online games. However, little is known of how the user perceives these mechanisms.This paper presents the results of a questionnaire targeted at the online gaming community to provide insight into what users really think of the Internet and its impact on their playing experience. One of the main results is to demonstrate that the existing mechanisms fail to maintain the utility of the game at all times, leading to frustration on the part of the users. In spite of this, users are not willing to pay for any service guarantees.