gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural aspects of platelets in atherosclerosis and related diseases (1986)

Circulating platelets in experimental models of atherosclerosis, as well in condtions linked to atherogenesis in humans, are activated, as shown by our ultrastructural studies, demonstrating for the first time their morphological/morphometrical features.\nProstacyclin and 8-chlorocarbochromen (but not acetylsalicylic acid) are able to inhibit in vitro and in vivo (8-chlorocarbochromen) the process.
Immunosuppressants in advanced clinical development for organ transplantation and selected autoimmune diseases (2003)

Immunosuppressants dampen the immune response or restore balance among immune system components. They are primarily used to prevent allograft rejection after organ transplantation and to prevent or treat disease flares in autoimmune diseases. Immunosuppressants available at present include the calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporin, tacrolimus), antimetabolites (azathioprine, leflunomide, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil), antiproliferatives (sirolimus), monoclonal antibodies to T lymphocyte (basiliximab, daclizumab, muromonab-CD3) and anticytokines (anakinra, etanercept, infliximab). The immunosuppressive market grows at a rate of > 10% yearly, with total sales in 2001 of US$2.7 billion. Immunotherapy in transplantation and autoimmune diseases is tending towards the use of multi-drug regimens tailored for the individual patient. At least 23 new immunosuppressants are currently in advanced clinical testing or preregistration, and can be divided into three groups. First, emerging drugs targeting intracellular ligands in immune cells are primarily analogues of currently-marketed agents, which attempt to provide improved pharmaceutical or safety profiles compared with the prototype compound. They are largely being developed in organ transplantation. Second, emerging drugs targeting cell surface ligands on immune cells attempt to antagonise novel molecular sites to interfere with immune cell activation via costimulatory signals, immune cell adhesion to tissues or the vasculature and immune cell trafficking. These agents are being primarily developed in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and/or multiple sclerosis. Finally, emerging drugs acting as anticytokines, which largely follow on from the success of those on the market, by antagonising the function of tumour necrosis factor or a narrow selection of interleukins. All are being assessed in rheumatoid arthritis. Drug development of immunosuppressants is increasingly attempting to intervene in disease progression over the long term. These efforts bring with them trial design and regulatory issues, such as what markers can be used as trial outcome measures, over what duration do trials need to be conducted and what labelling claims are allowed. With the intensive activity in this field, it is likely that several new drugs will reach the market in the coming decade. One caveat, however, is that emerging immunosuppressants that are likely to capture a reasonable share of this increasingly-fragmented market must demonstrate the ability to achieve disease remission or long-term slowing of disease progression.
A model of depression (2013)

Some economists suggest that macroeconomic theory is incomplete because it has neglected to construct a model of instability. The author contends that a theory of depression must provide information on an economy's ability to resist depressions most of the time, and yet have an innate capacity to slide either slowly or rapidly into them periodically; the role of financial crisis and the ability of the economy to revive must also be explained. The author builds a model that exhibits these capacities and suggests that flight from the dollar may present a great threat to world economic stability. JEL: E17, G01
Complete Resequencing and Reannotation of the Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 Genome (2011)

There is growing interest in the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on human health. The genome of L. plantarum WCFS1, first sequenced in 2001, was resequenced using Solexa technology. We identified 116 nucleotide corrections and improved function prediction for nearly 1,200 proteins, with a focus on metabolic functions and cell surface-associated proteins.
Product standards, imperfect competition and completion of the market in the European Union (1994)

The authors model the static and steady-state effects on trade, production, and market structure of completion of the European Union's (EU's) internal market. The impetus for change comes from the removal of border costs and the costs of producing to different national standards. It also comes from consumers'greater ability to substitute among the products of producers in different EU countries, once the European Union adopts its program on standards. In the analysis of the static scenario, removing border costs and the costs of supply-side standards improves the welfare of EU countries by only about 0.5 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Results vary greatly across the countries of the European Union, however, because the benefits to a country are roughly proportional to its share of intra-EU trade in its GDP. This is the first model to identify these countrydifferences because of the greater country disaggregation. The additional effect of the program of standards on consumer demand elasticities increases the competition and reduces markups in imperfectly competitive industries. Then there are additional gains from rationalization, as well as consumer efficiency gains in imperfectly competitive sectors, that result in an increase in the estimated gains to about 1.2 percent of GDP (again with wide differences across EU countries). The steady-state results let the capital stock in each country adjust to its new higher equilibrium value, which acts as an additional endowment of capital, allowing the European Union to produce a higher level of income. The gains to the European Union then rise to about 2.6 percent of GDP.
An Ikonos Image Fusion Process using Support Value Transform (2007)

Panchromatic (Pan)-sharpening of multispectral (MS) bands is an important technique in various applications of satellite remote sensing. In this paper, we apply the support value transform (SVT) to Ikonos image fusion. The fused saliency features are represented by support values and extracted by SVT. The low-resolution MS bands are resampled to the fine scale of the Pan image and sharpened by injecting the detailed features extracted from the high-resolution Pan image. The fusing results on Ikonos MS + Pan data demonstrate that the proposed image fusion method is effective and efficient.
Oxytocin and desamino–oxytocin tablets are not stable under simulated tropical conditions (1995)

Tropical conditions make oxytocin and desamino-oxytocin tablets unstable, with humidity as the most adverse factor. The oxytocin tablets were partially protected from the harmful effect of humidity by sealed aluminium package.
Failure-Finding Frequency for a Repairable System Subject to Hidden Failures (2008)

International audience
Classification of Segmented Regions in Brightfield Microscope Images (2006)

The subcellular localisation of proteins in living cells is an important step to determine their function. A common method is the evaluation of fluorescence images. The position of marked proteins, visible as bright spots, enables conclusions concerning their function. In order to determine the subcellular localisation, it is crucial to know the exact positions of the considered cells within an image. These are provided by the segmentation of a corresponding brightfield microscope image. As the resulting segments do not exclusively comprise cells, they have to be classified. Therefore, we propose an approach for the classification of the resulting segments in ‘cells’ and ‘non-cells’, which is an essential step of the automatic recognition of cells and thus of the automatic subcellular localisation of proteins in living cells.
The Role of Catalysts and Peroxide Oxidation in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries (2012)

A promotor for lithium batteries: nanocrystalline cobalt(II,III) oxide supported on graphene enhances the transport kinetics for both oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution in the lithium-oxygen cell. On cycling the lithium-oxygen cell, the effect of the promoter is, however, eventually overwhelmed by side reactions in the cell, such as, the deposition of carbonates.
[Changes and significance of TNF, sIL-2R, IL-6, IL-4 and IFN-gamma levels in plasma from the patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]. (2004)

The HFRS patients have a significant increase in both cytokines (TNF, sIL-2R, IL-6 and IFN-gamma) and ALT levels. And there is a positive correlation between those cytokine and ALT levels, suggesting that the liver injury during HTNV infection may be related to the elevation of above cytokine levels.
The Material Properties of Silicon Nitride Formed by Low Energy Ion Implantation (1984)

This paper reports on silicon nitride formation by low energy implantation of nitrogen or ammonia into silicon. Extensive material investigation on nitrogen‐implanted films using various analytical methods, including ellipsometry, chemical etching, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x‐ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), infrared transmission spectroscopy (IR), and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) is discussed. A new technique to derive the film thickness, density, refractive index, and dielectric constant is developed. This method employs a combination of ellipsometry, capacitance measurement, and nitrogen areal density obtained by RBS. A major finding indicates that the implanted nitride films have a low density compared to CVD nitride. Other material properties are also summarized.
Distributed approach to dynamic resource management based on temporal influence (1994)

The paper describes an approach to resource management in uncertain domains, which is based on the concept of temporal influence. The Distributed Interactive Scheduling with Abstractions Project is to build a scheduling system designed to address the uncertainties of real-world domains. The system has two main features; it is distributed, taking a multi-agent view, and it uses a solution method that employs temporal abstractions to aid decision-making. The multi-agent view is a novel architecture based on a hierarchical representation of time and a dynamic heterogenetic structure for problem-solving agents. Temporal abstractions in the form of summarisations and generalisations are used for problem reduction and conflict resolution, providing a second novel idea. An additional goal of this Project is to provide the user with the environment and information necessary to allow useful and intelligent interaction with the problem-solving process. Temporal abstractions also play an important role in the satisfaction of this goal
A fast algorithm for finding frequent episodes in event streams (2007)

Frequent episode discovery is a popular framework for mining data available as a long sequence of events. An episode is essentially a short ordered sequence of event types and the frequency of an episode is some suitable measure of how often the episode occurs in the data sequence. Recently,we proposed a new frequency measure for episodes based on the notion of non-overlapped occurrences of episodes in the event sequence, and showed that, such a definition, in addition to yielding computationally efficient algorithms, has some important theoretical properties in connecting frequent episode discovery with HMM learning. This paper presents some new algorithms for frequent episode discovery under this non-overlapped occurrences-based frequency definition. The algorithms presented here are better (by a factor of N, where N denotes the size of episodes being discovered) in terms of both time and space complexities when compared to existing methods for frequent episode discovery. We show through some simulation experiments, that our algorithms are very efficient. The new algorithms presented here have arguably the least possible orders of spaceand time complexities for the task of frequent episode discovery.
Scope of Poultry Waste Utilization (2013)

Poultry farming wastes containing excreta, bedding material, waste feed, dead birds, broken eggs, feathers and offal could emerge into major environmental pollutants. Proven technology and disposal methods are necessary to mitigate their threat on the environment. The major wastes like poultry feathers, offal and litter have different field applications. Poultry feathers being rich sources of keratin proteins and amino acids, can be converted into valuable products such as feather meal, bio diesel, biodegradable plastic and fertilizer. Poultry offal contains certain nutrients and can be used as a dried poultry manure and fertilizer or as an organic raw material for methane production. The remaining waste could be disposed off possibly by incineration or by burial and controlled landfills. Poultry manure is also useful as fertilizer, methane and to produce electricity. This review discusses in detail about the scope for utilization of various poultry wastes. Poultry waste generation is enormous. However, cost effective technologies are yet to be identified to recycle the waste to useful products.
Photochemical generation and deposition of copper from a gas phase precursor (1985)

The photochemical generation and deposition of copper metal from a volatile copper coordination complex are described. Pulsed and cw ultraviolet light sources were used to induce deposition. The chemical compositions of the films are compared for all methods.
The chemistry of aluminum and silicon in relation to Alzheimer's disease. (1988)

Aluminosilicates have been identified at the core of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease, and aluminum has been found within neurons bearing neurofibrillary tangles. Here we show that aluminum species interact with silicic acid, Si(OH)4--a normal component of plasma--to form aluminosilicate species solubilized by citrate. A switch in the binding of aluminum from silicate to phosphate at pH less than 6.6 calls attention to the strong binding of cationic aluminum species to proximate phosphate groups, as in the inositol phosphates, and to the potential effect on the activity of the phosphoinositide-derived intracellular messenger system. The chemistry may throw light on the debated relationship between aluminum and Alzheimer's disease.
Seamless Vertical Handover Using Multihomed Mobile Access Point (2008)

This paper proposes the seamless vertical handover mechanism for mobile networks using multihomed mobile access point (AP). Multihoming enables mobile networks and mobile nodes inside it to access the Internet with multiple paths. With this multihoming property, the proposed mechanism provides seamless vertical handover for mobile networks. We evaluated the performance of proposed mechanism over heterogeneous networks of WiBro (wireless broadband network) and HSDPA (high-speed downlink packet access). The result shows that the proposed handover mechanism outperforms the affiliates of mobile IPv6 protocols.
A new approach for efficient MBMS service provision in UTRAN (2008)

As currently specified by 3GPP, MBMS services can be provided in a cell either by point-to-point (PtP) or point-to-multipoint (PtM) transmission mode, but not both at the same time. With PtP transmission mode, one dedicated channel (DCH) is established for each MBMS user within the cell. With PtM transmission mode one forward access channel (FACH) is established, covering the whole cellpsilas area and commonly shared by all the MBMS users within. In this paper we describe the existing 3GPP MBMS service provision approach, highlight its deficiencies, and propose a new approach to address them. To achieve this we introduce the ldquodual transmission mode cellsrdquo in which PtP and PtM transmissions can coexist and where FACHpsilas coverage range can be dynamically adapted (shrink or expand) through time based on the MBMS userspsila location within the cell. The performance evaluation performed, showed that our approach outperforms the existing 3GPP approach in terms of capacity, signaling and processing effort efficiency.
Immunocytochemical localization and biochemical characterization of large proteoglycans in developing rat bone. (1998)

This study used biochemical and light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical methods to localize and characterize large hyaluronate-binding proteoglycans in the developing mandible of fetal rats at embryonic day 15 (Day 15) to Day 18 using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5D5. This antibody is derived from bovine sclera and specifically recognizes the core protein of large proteoglycan such as versican, neurocan and brevican, but not that of aggrecan. At the light microscopic level, MAb 5D5 moderately stained the extracellular matrices among osteoblasts at the centers of ossification in Day 15 mandible specimens. Weaker staining was observed in osteoblasts, whereas Meckel's cartilage lacked staining. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry showed the presence of immunogold particles over unmineralized matrices among osteoblasts and their intracellular organelles. In Day 16 to 18 specimens, bone nodules were recognized in LR gold sections before immunostaining, but, after immunostaining, consistently appeared devoid of mineral crystals and were seen as a demineralized structure that had an electron dense periphery within which fine filamentous and granular material were present. The appearance of these structures was created by the demineralization of thin sections on grids during immunostaining. Specific immunogold staining was clearly seen over the demineralized structures corresponding to bone nodules. The majority of immunogold particles tended to localize inside of the structures. Bone proteins were extracted from fresh, Day 18 specimens with a three-step technique: 4 M guanidine HCl (GdnCl,-extract), aqueous EDTA without GdnCl (E-extract), followed by GdnCl. Western blot analysis of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after chondroitinase ABC digestion, showed that G1-extract gave a 5D5 reactive band greater than 400 kDa, whereas E-extract produced two major reactive populations of small molecular size with core proteins approximately 63 and 74 kDa. These results indicate that the large proteoglycan having smaller molecular weight is preferentially localized to bone nodules and may correlate with bone matrix mineralization.
Membrane filtration of food suspensions (1979)

Factors affecting the membrane filtration of food suspensions were studied for 58 foods and 13 membrane filters. Lot number within a brand, pore size (0.45 or 0.8 micrometer), and time elapsed before filtration had little effect on filterability. Brand of membrane filter, flow direction, pressure differential, age (microbiological quality) of the food, duration of the blending process, temperature, and concentration of food in the suspension had significant and often predictable effects. Preparation of suspensions by Stomacher (relative to rotary blender) addition of surfactant (particularly at elevated temperature) and prior incubation with proteases sometimes had dramatic effects of filterability. In contrast to popular opinion, foods can be membrane filtered in quantities pertinent to the maximums used in conventional plating procedures. Removal of growth inhibitors and food debris is possible by using membrane filters. Lowering of the limits of detection of microorganisms by concentration on membrane filters can be considered feasible for many foods. The data are particularly relevant to the use of hydrophobic grid-membrane filters (which are capable of enumerating up to 9 X 10(4) organisms per filter) in instrumented methods of food microbiological analysis.
Pulse heat treatment of material surface by high-current electron beam (1992)

Results of the studies of high-current pulsed electron beam effect on a material surface are presented. An electron beam was produced in an accelerator with a multi-point explosion-emission cathode (60–180 kV, 4–40μsec, 10–60J/cm2). Modification of the surface properties was observed at the irradiation energy density, exceeding 22–25J/cm2) and the depth of a modified layer in 10–50μm range. The hardness of a treated surface layer exceeded that of the base by a factor 2–5. The use of HEB treatment to obtain other possible surface modifications is also discussed.
Real-Time Digital Image Reconstruction: A Description of Imaging Hardware and an Analysis of Quantization Errors (1984)

On decrit un systeme de formation d'image acoustique numerique en temps reel (appele DAISY) capable de reconstruire plus de 30 nouvelles images par seconde. Effets des erreurs de quantification dans les systemes de formation d'image numeriques
The use of hydrogels in bone-tissue engineering (2011)

Many different types of scaffold materials have been used for tissue engineering applications, and hydrogels form one group of materials that have been used in a wide variety of applications. Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer networks and they represent an important class of biomaterials in biotechnology and medicine because many hydrogels exhibit excellent biocompatibility with minimal inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Many studies have demonstrated the use of hydrogels in bone-tissue engineering applications. In this report, the summary was conducted on various kinds of polymers and different modification methods of hydrogels to enhance bone formation. The results revealed that hydrogels are applied for bone regeneration and that the modification of hydrogels with bioactive molecules or cell-based approaches resulted in significant increases in new bone formation. This suggests that the use of hydrogels with modification may offer an option for bone-tissue engineering, and further research is needed to identify the biological and physical properties of hydrogels.
Influence of Silver Incorporation on Toughness Improvement of Diamond-Like Carbon Film Prepared by Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (2013)

Six silver-containing diamond-like carbon films (Ag-DLC), each with a particular content of Ag, were deposited on M2 high speed steel substrates in an ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) system. Systematic investigation of the influence of the incorporation of Ag on the adhesion and impact-resistant properties of Ag-DLC films was conducted, and the toughness of individual films was revealed. Results verified that the doping of silver distinctly influenced the toughness of Ag-DLC films. Typically: (i) the variation of Ag contents and nanocrystallites dispersed in the DLC matrix tended to induce change of film toughness as a result of changing the film adhesion and impact-resistance behaviors; (ii) the evidence of improvement in the toughness of the film (especially for the film containing 15.2% silver) could be clearly seen by the larger critical adhesion forces, and the better adhesion performance and impact-resistant properties. The failure mechanism of both scratch and impact tests served to reveal how the toughness of the Ag-DLC films was affected by Ag content.