gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombination Parameters of Si Solar Cells with Back Surface Field Formed by ION Implantation (2006)

Solar cells of 1 Omegacm FZ p-Si with an n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -p-p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+ </sup> structure were fabricated using combined thermal diffusion/ion implantation processing. The solar cell fabrication technology under investigation is based on the implantation of 30 keV B ions for back p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> layer formation, P gas phase thermal diffusion for emitter formation, and defect annealing with simultaneous drive-in thermal treatment. The effect of the p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> layer formation on recombination in the solar cell base region was studied. Recombination effects due to back ion implantation were determined by analysis of back IQE, using a model of step-wise defect distribution in the base region. After implantation of 3.1middot10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> -6.3middot10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15 </sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> of B ions and subsequent annealing at 950 degC effective surface recombination, S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff2</sub> at the inner interface of the implanted p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> layer was in the range 25-60 cm/s. Formation of a defect layer of 0.5-0.6 mum adjoining the p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> layer was discovered, and S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff1</sub> , at the inner interface of the defect layer is between 970-1080 cm/s. S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff1</sub> due to this defect layer is responsible for ~1/2 of a solar cell reverse saturation current calculated for a cell with open circuit voltage exceeding 630 mV. Non optimized combined thermal diffusion/ion implantation processing yields n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -p-p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> solar cells with efficiencies in the 19-20% range
siRNA-Mediated Reduction of Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor-κB Kinase Prevents Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Insulin Resistance in Human Skeletal Muscle (2008)

IKKbeta silencing prevents TNF-alpha-induced impairments in insulin action on Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake and metabolism in human skeletal muscle.
Ultrahigh Thermal Conductivity of Interface Materials by Silver‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Phonon Conduits (2016)

An ultrahigh thermal conductivity (κ = 160 W m(-1) K(-1) ) of thermal interface materials is achieved with a high enhancement factor (96). A small amount (2.3 vol%) of 1D multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with high κ constructs effective phonon transport pathways between microscale silver-flake islands, and a solid phonon transport junction is realized by the coalescence of silver nanoparticles pre-functionalized on the MWNTs.
A facile chemoenzymatic route to enantiomerically pure oxiranes: building blocks for biologically active compounds (1991)

The enantiomerically pure building blocks (R)-and (S)-1–4 were prepared both by enantioselective, enzymatic hydrolysis and by acyl transfer, and subsequently converted into the corresponding enantiomerically pure oxiranes (R)- and (S)-7 and 8.
Glucocorticoid receptor-dependent disruption of a specific nucleosome on the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter is prevented by sodium butyrate. (1990)

Our laboratory has previously developed cell lines derived from mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and C127 mammary tumor cells that stably express mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) long terminal repeat fusion genes in bovine papillomavirus-based episomes. Glucocorticoid hormone strongly activates transcription from episomes and induces the disruption of a single nucleosome in an array of phased nucleosomes on the MMTV promoter. Sodium butyrate inhibits the glucocorticoid hormone-dependent development of a nuclease-hypersensitive site that is due to the displacement of this nucleosome, and inhibits induction of RNA transcripts from episomes. Saturation binding studies show that butyrate treatment does not significantly affect the amount or the hormone-binding affinity of the glucocorticoid receptor. In a transient transfection assay, glucocorticoid hormone can activate transcription from a MMTV long terminal repeat-driven luciferase gene construct equivalently in untreated and butyrate-treated cells, indicating that the soluble factors necessary for transactivation of the MMTV promoter are unaffected by butyrate. The differential effect of butyrate on the induction of stable chromatin templates and transiently expressed plasmids suggests that butyrate prevents nucleosome displacement and represses transcription by inducing a modification of chromatin.
<i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aldehydes with Arylsulfonyl Indoles (2009)

3-(1-Arylsulfonylalkyl)indoles as electrophiles in the N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed umpolung reaction of aldehydes were realized for the first time. This intermolecular Stetter-type reaction features the commercially available catalyst and mild reaction conditions, providing alpha-(3-indolyl) ketone derivatives in high yields for a wide range of substrates.
Genotyping β-Globin Gene Mutations on Copolymer-Coated Glass Slides with the Ligation Detection Reaction (2008)

The developed technology allows accurate identification of sequence variants in a simple, cost-effective way and offers good flexibility for scaling to other applications with different numbers of single-nucleotide polymorphisms or mutations to be detected.
Persons as Contexts: Evaluating Between-Person and Within-Person Effects in Longitudinal Analysis (2009)

Relationships among multiple variables over time are of interest in many developmental areas and are frequently examined using time-varying predictors in multilevel models. Yet an incomplete specification of time-varying predictors will usually result in biased model effects. Specifically, the impact of constant, between-person sources of variation must be differentiated from the impact of time-specific, within-person sources of variation - that is, persons should be modeled as contexts. The current didactic article expands upon previous work to address why and how to model persons as contexts in longitudinal analysis. An electronic appendix of syntax for estimating these models is also provided.
Effects of antiinflammatory triterpenes isolated from<i> Leptadenia hastata</i> latex on Keratinocyte Proliferation (2001)

Several triterpenes isolated from Leptadenia hastata latex were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol (1), its acetate (2) and palmitate (3) esters were found to be the main antiinflammatory constituents in the croton oil-induced ear oedema test. Furthermore, lupeol hemisuccinate (4), synthesized from lupeol, exhibited a higher activity than lupeol in the test. These results prove that the triterpenes play a pivotal role in the topical antiinflammatory effect of this latex. In addition, an in vitro model of human skin keratinocytes (epidermal explants) cultured at an air-liquid interface on a de-epidermized human dermis (DED) was used to investigate the effects of lupeol esters on skin repair in vitro. Compared with the control, compounds 2 and 3 improved keratinocyte proliferation at a concentration of 5 microM in the culture medium; however, they remained less active than compounds 1 and 4. In contrast to compound 1, all the lupeol esters (2-4), and particularly compound 4, induced a good differentiation of keratinocytes with a well-formed stratum corneum without parakeratosis. These results substantiate the topical use of Leptadenia hastata latex in traditional medicine and showed that both antiinflammatory activity and the effect on keratinocyte proliferation of compound 1 could be improved by its hemisuccinylation; on the contrary, esterification by acetylation or palmitoylation decreased these activities.
LOW-DOSE NALTREXONE FOR THE TREATMENT OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (2003)

s Submitted for the 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology October 10-15, 2003, Baltimore, Maryland: FUNCTIONAL BOWEL SYNDROME: PDF Only
On the relationship between microhardness and glass transition temperature of some amorphous polymers (1999)

On the basis of microhardness (H) data measured at room temperature only for a number of polymers in the glassy state, a linear correlation between H and the glass transition temperature Tg has been found (H = 1.97Tg − 571). By means of this relationship, the deviation of the H values from the additivity law for some multicomponent and/or multiphase polymeric systems can be accounted for. The latter usually contains a liquidlike soft component and/or phase with Tg below room temperature. A completely different deformation mechanism in comparison to systems with Tg above room temperature is invoked. A novel expression for the hardness of polymers in terms of crystallinity of the single components and/or phases, the Tg values, and the mass fraction of each component is proposed. This expression permits the calculation of (i) the room-temperature H value of amorphous polymers, mainly containing single bonds in the main chain, provided Tg is known, and of (ii) the contribution of the soft liquidlike components (phases) to the hardness of the entire multiphase system. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1413–1419, 1999
An acoustic gap between the NICU and womb: a potential risk for compromised neuroplasticity of the auditory system in preterm infants (2014)

The intrauterine environment allows the fetus to begin hearing low-frequency sounds in a protected fashion, ensuring initial optimal development of the peripheral and central auditory system. However, the auditory nursery provided by the womb vanishes once the preterm newborn enters the high-frequency (HF) noisy environment of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The present article draws a concerning line between auditory system development and HF noise in the NICU, which we argue is not necessarily conducive to fostering this development. Overexposure to HF noise during critical periods disrupts the functional organization of auditory cortical circuits. As a result, we theorize that the ability to tune out noise and extract acoustic information in a noisy environment may be impaired, leading to increased risks for a variety of auditory, language, and attention disorders. Additionally, HF noise in the NICU often masks human speech sounds, further limiting quality exposure to linguistic stimuli. Understanding the impact of the sound environment on the developing auditory system is an important first step in meeting the developmental demands of preterm newborns undergoing intensive care.
Generation of Selenium Containing Nano-Structures By Soil Bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2008)

The aim of the study was to explore the biogenesis of nano-structures through reduction of selenium by soil bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strain under study indicated tolerance of selenium upto 50 mg L-1, using reductive mechanisms for detoxication, thus biotransforming selenium oxyanions to elemental red selenium. Partial characterization using AFM of the biotransformed selenium was carried out which indicated formation of spherical amorphous allotropic elemental selenium.
Radiation Protection by the Antioxidant Alpha-Tocopherol Succinate (2010)

Radiological terrorism and use of nuclear weapons are major concerns for national defense and homeland security. At low doses of radiation, the hazards from these scenarios may not be apparent immediately, but may result in late arising pathologies like cancer and pulmonary fibrosis. At high doses, the hazards vary from incapacitation due to nausea and diarrhea to mortality. Free radical species of oxygen, derived from the interaction of ionizing radiation with critical biological targets and with the aqueous cellular milieu, are implicated in these hazards. Scavengers of free radicals have been shown to be effective protectors from radiation damage. However, many of these protectors are either toxic or cannot be administered orally at doses that are effective. The data presented here indicate that α-tocopherol succinate (TS), a free radical scavenger, can be used as a radioprotector with low toxicity. Tocopherol succinate was dispersed in a vehicle containing polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG) and given orally (PO) to male CD2F1 mice. About 22-24 hours later, they were irradiated at different doses of 60 Co radiation at a dose rate of 0.6 Gy/min. To maximize the protection, different formulations of the vehicle were used. Mice were monitored for body weight and survival for 30 days. In vitro experiments were done to study the effects of TS on radiation-induced apoptosis of Jurkat cells (lymphoblastoid cell line) using flow cytometry. Although different formulations for solubilizing TS were used,
A Meta-analysis of Quantitative EEG Power Associated With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2006)

A meta-analysis was performed on quantitative EEG (QEEG) studies that evaluated attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using the criteria of the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition). The nine eligible studies (N = 1498) observed QEEG traits of a theta power increase and a beta power decrease, summarized in the theta/beta ratio with a pooled effect size of 3.08 (95% confidence interval, 2.90, 3.26) for ADHD versus controls (normal children, adolescents, and adults). By statistical extrapolation, an effect size of 3.08 predicts a sensitivity and specificity of 94%, which is similar to previous results 86% to 90% sensitivity and 94% to 98% specificity. It is important to note that the controlled group studies were often with retrospectively set limits, and that in practice the sensitivity and specificity results would likely be more modest. The literature search also uncovered 32 pre-DSM-IV studies of ADHD and EEG power, and 29 of the 32 studies demonstrated results consistent with the meta-analysis. The meta-analytic results are also supported by the observation that the theta/beta ratio trait follows age-related changes in ADHD symptom presentation (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.996, P = 0.004). In conclusion, this meta-analysis supports that a theta/beta ratio increase is a commonly observed trait in ADHD relative to normal controls. Because it is known that the theta/beta ratio trait may arise with other conditions, a prospective study covering differential diagnosis would be required to determine generalizability to clinical applications. Standardization of the QEEG technique is also needed, specifically with control of mental state, drowsiness, and medication.
Development, validation and genetic analysis of a large soybean SNP genotyping array (2014)

Cultivated soybean (Glycine max) suffers from a narrow germplasm relative to other crop species, probably because of under-use of wild soybean (Glycine soja) as a breeding resource. Use of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array is a promising method for dissecting cultivated and wild germplasms to identify important adaptive genes through high-density genetic mapping and genome-wide association studies. Here we describe a large soybean SNP array for use in diversity analyses, linkage mapping and genome-wide association analyses. More than four million high-quality SNPs identified from high-depth genome re-sequencing of 16 soybean accessions and low-depth genome re-sequencing of 31 soybean accessions were used to select 180,961 SNPs for creation of the Axiom(®) SoyaSNP array. Validation analysis for a set of 222 diverse soybean lines showed that 170,223 markers were of good quality for genotyping. Phylogenetic and allele frequency analyses of the validation set data indicated that accessions showing an intermediate morphology between cultivated and wild soybeans collected in Korea were natural hybrids. More than 90 unanchored scaffolds in the current soybean reference sequence were assigned to chromosomes using this array. Finally, dense average spacing and preferential distribution of the SNPs in gene-rich chromosomal regions suggest that this array may be suitable for genome-wide association studies of soybean germplasm. Taken together, these results suggest that use of this array may be a powerful method for soybean genetic analyses relating to many aspects of soybean breeding.
3D APIs in Interactive Real-Time Systems: Comparison of OpenGL, Direct3D and Java3D. (2000)

Since the first display of a few computer-generated lines on a Cathode-ray tube (CRT) over 40 years ago, graphics has progressed rapidly towards the computer generation of detailed images and interactive environments in real time (Angel, 1997). In the last twenty years a number of Application Programmer's Interfaces (APIs) have been developed to provide access to three-dimensional graphics systems. Currently, there are numerous APIs used for many different types of applications. This paper will look at three of these: OpenGL, Direct3D, and one of the newest entrants, Java3D. They will be discussed in relation to their level of versatility, programability, and how innovative they are in introducing new features and furthering the development of 3D-interactive programming.
<title>Development Of A Three-Dimensional Circuit Integration Technology And Computer Architecture</title> (1981)

This paper is the first of a series 1,2,3 describing a range of efforts at Hughes Research Laboratories, which are collectively referred to as "Three-Dimensional Microelectronics." The technology being developed is a combination of a unique circuit fabrication/packaging technology and a novel processing architecture. The packaging technology greatly reduces the parasitic impedances associated with signal-routing in complex VLSI structures, while simultaneously allowing circuit densities orders of magnitude higher than the current state-of-the-art. When combined with the 3-D processor architecture, the resulting machine exhibits a one- to two-order of magnitude simultaneous improvement over current state-of-the-art machines in the three areas of processing speed, power consumption, and physical volume. The 3-D architecture is essentially that commonly referred to as a "cellular array", with the ultimate implementation having as many as 512 x 512 processors working in parallel. The three-dimensional nature of the assembled machine arises from the fact that the chips containing the active circuitry of the processor are stacked on top of each other. In this structure, electrical signals are passed vertically through the chips via thermomigrated aluminum feedthroughs. Signals are passed between adjacent chips by micro-interconnects. This discussion presents a broad view of the total effort, as well as a more detailed treatment of the fabrication and packaging technologies themselves. The results of performance simulations of the completed 3-D processor executing a variety of algorithms are also presented. Of particular pertinence to the interests of the focal-plane array community is the simulation of the UNICORNS nonuniformity correction algorithms as executed by the 3-D architecture.
Equipping parents to support their children's higher education aspiration: an evaluation tool (2017)

A partnership between the University of Tasmania and the University of Wollongong and fundedby the Higher Education Participation and Partnerships Program, this research has examined bestpractices to engage parents in order to equip them to their childrens higher education aspirations.Parents from low SES backgrounds, in common with other parents, report that they want the bestfor their childrens future. Getting a good education is a part of the aspiration of most parents,regardless of SES status. However, unlike parents from mid and high SES backgrounds who usuallyhave educational cultural capital to support their childrens educational aspiration, parents fromlow SES backgrounds often are unable to confidently access information they need about possibleeducation pathways within and beyond school or know where to find out about financial and othersupport resources available to facilitate access to higher education. This project has built uponpartners combined experience, international literature and workshops with parent engagementpractitioners to identify features of parent engagement and information programs and resourcesthat are cost efficient and effective in engaging parents from low SES backgrounds to support theirchildrens higher education aspirations. From this, an extended version of the Design andEvaluation Matrix for Outreach (DEMO) Model was developed to sepcifically address parentengagement programs. This model can be used to plan/design, modifiy and evaluate parentengagement programs. In addition, a web resource has been produced for institutions use in thedesign of parent engagement, information programs and resources that are effective in informingand supporting low SES parents in building and supporting their childrens higher educationaspirations. The website also provides an evidence based, synthesised compilation of features ofoutreach programs that work for parental engagement to inform and raise educational aspiration,but are cost efficient for universities to deliver in partnership with other education providers,community welfare sector organisations, industry and communities.
Current use and development of vaccines for Japanese encephalitis (2007)

There is a clear need for additional licensing of existing or new JE vaccines. Several promising candidates are currently in use or completing clinical trials.