gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Der östliche Nordkaukasus: Islamistischer und pan-islamischer Einfluss auf bewaffneten Widerstand (2016)

Nach dem Zerfall der Sowjetunion hat der Islam im Nordkaukasus einen Aufschwung erlebt. Der »offizielle Islam« war in sowjetischer Zeit sehr beschränkt, doch unterhalb der offiziellen Ebene wurden Religion und Tradition durch Alltags-und Familienriten gelebt. Zugleich traten Strömungen hervor, die sich an einem »reinen Islam« orientierten und einige dieser Traditionen ablehnten. Da deutete sich bereits ein Spannungsverhältnis zwischen traditioneller und fundamentalistischer Religiosität an. Nach der Auflösung der UdSSR mischten sich in die regionalen Unabhängigkeitsbewegungen dementsprechend bald auch religiöse Element. Die russische Führung reagierte auf die tschetschenische Sezessionbewegung in den neunziger Jahren mit einer militärischen Intervention. Der Konflikt entwickelte sich zu einem Bürgerkrieg, der auf tschetschenischer Seite religiös motiviert wurde. Er schwelt bis heute als »permanent low level insurgency« fort und hat sich auf weite Teile des Nordkaukasus ausgedehnt. Seit 2014 sehen wir zwei Trends: einerseits die Abnahme von Gewaltaktivitäten und Terroranschlägen in der Region und aus der Region auf andere Teile Russlands, andererseits intensive Diskurse über die Ausstrahlung des »IS« aus Syrien und Irak auf die Region. Derzeit werden Diskussionen zwischen Vertretern der Regierung und der offiziellen Geistlichkeit über Gefahren und Ursachen islamistischer Radikalisierung geführt. Doch für den radikalisierten politischen Appell an »islamische Gerechtigkeit«, der besonders bei jungen Bevölkerungsgruppen Gehör findet, bieten systemische Korruption und prekäre sozialökonomische Verhältnisse im Nordkaukasus breite Angriffsflächen.
Wafer level and substrate level chip scale packaging (2003)

Wafer level chip scale packaging (CSP) is gaining more momentum as a low cost, high performance solution for portable products. The design demands for portable products is particularly difficult since the designer must find solutions that provide a smaller footprint and higher performance, but at the same time must be cost competitive with current packaging offerings. To date, the fine pitch BGA style of chip scale packages have not offered the cost needed for these low I/O products. The wafer level CSPs do provide the cost advantage with the promise of continued cost reduction in the future. There are a number of different wafer level CSPs currently in the market. This paper addresses wafer level CSP development for integrated passives developed for both silicon wafers and large area glass panels (350 mm/spl times/400 mm).
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Waste Water Discharges (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysical and Chemical Characteristics of Waste Water DischargesFrank J. Coogan and E. B. PailleCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 2, 290–296Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50530a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50530a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Hybrid Eye Tracking: Combining Iris Contour and Corneal Imaging (2015)

Passive eye-pose estimation methods that recover the eye-pose from natural images generally suffer from low accuracy, the result of a static eye model, and the recovery of the eye model from the estimated iris contour. Active eye-pose estimation methods use precisely calibrated light sources to estimate a user specific eye-model. These methods recover an accurate eye-pose at the cost of complex setups and additional hardware. A common application of eye-pose estimation is the recovery of the point-of-gaze (PoG) given a 3D model of the scene. We propose a novel method that exploits this 3D model to recover the eye-pose and the corresponding PoG from natural images. Our hybrid approach combines active and passive eye-pose estimation methods to recover an accurate eye-pose from natural images. We track the corneal reflection of the scene to estimate an accurate position of the eye and then determine its orientation. The positional constraint allows us to estimate user specific eye-model parameters and improve the orientation estimation. We compare our method with standard iris-contour tracking and show that our method is more robust and accurate than eye-pose estimation from the detected iris with a static iris size. Accurate passive eye-pose and PoG estimation allows users to naturally interact with the scene, e.g., augmented reality content, without the use of infra-red light sources.
System design methodologies: aiming at the 100 h design cycle (1996)

As methodologies and tools for chip-level design mature, design effort becomes focused on increasingly higher levels of abstraction. We present a tutorial on a design methodology for chip and system design and present a test case that justifies the future goal of a 100 h design cycle.
Real-time attitude estimation techniques applied to a four rotor helicopter (2004)

We use a decomposition approach to develop a real time filter that estimates the attitude of a small four rotor helicopter. The filter uses measurements from a three axis gyro system and an off-board computer vision system. We have implemented the filter on the real system to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Position Accuracy Improvement of PMLSM System Based on Artificial Immune Algorithm (2007)

This paper suggests that the artificial immune algorithm can be used effectively on tuning of a PID control structures for PMLSM system. Because of perfect learning, adaptability and efficient pattern recognition, the data process ability of PMLSM was improved, which result in the improved position-precision and robustness of PMLSM. The results of simulation indicate that the proposed control scheme has stronger robustness and better rapidity, and smaller dynamical synchronous error. The artificial immune algorithm is effective to PID tuning.
Trading Volume: Definitions, Data Analysis, and Implications of Portfolio Theory (2000)

We examine the implications of portfolio theory for the cross-sectional behavior of equity trading volume. Two-fund separation theorems suggest a natural definition for trading activity: share turnover. If two-fund separation holds, share turnover must be identical for all securities. If (K+1)-fund separation holds, we show that turnover satisfies an approximately linear K-factor structure. These implications are examined empirically using individual weekly turnover data for NYSE and AMEX securities from 1962 to 1996. We find strong evidence against two-fund separation, and a principal-components decomposition suggests that turnover is well approximated by a two-factor linear model.
Archaeological Resources Act 2010 Signed by Governor Sanford (2010)

Last, but not least, a special thanks is owed to those members of the metal detec ting community who
Some Considerations on the Correlation between Signal and Background in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Single-Shot Analysis (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentSome Considerations on the Correlation between Signal and Background in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Single-Shot AnalysisI. B. Gornushkin, B. W. Smith, G. E. Potts, N. Omenetto, and J. D. WinefordnerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, and European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Environment Institute, 21020 Ispra (VA), ItalyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 23, 5447–5449Publication Date (Web):October 27, 1999Publication History Published online27 October 1999Published inissue 1 December 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac990766lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac990766larticle-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views629Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (51 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Calibration,Elements,Lasers,Phosphates,Plasma Get e-Alerts
Effects of Macrocyclic Lactones on Ingestion in Susceptible and Resistant Haemonchus contortus Larvae (1998)

The effects of ivermectin and ivermectin aglycone on pharyngeal uptake of a carbohydrate substrate (3H-inulin) were measured in larvae of a macrocyclic lactone (ML)-susceptible isolate and 2 ML-resistant isolates of Haemonchus contortus. The resistant isolates showed a tolerance (in terms of the concentration of compound required to reduce feeding to 50%) toward ivermectin of approximately 4.5- and 9-fold and toward ivermectin aglycone of approximately 14-fold, compared to the susceptible isolate. This indicates that susceptible and resistant isolates can be readily distinguished on the basis of the sensitivity of pharyngeal uptake to MLs. The use of various metabolic inhibitors in this assay system did not reveal the nature of the resistance mechanism. Pretreatment of resistant larvae with inhibitors of multidrug resistance mechanisms (P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein) and detoxification enzymes (monooxygenases, esterases, and glutathione transferases) did not reduce their level of tolerance to the ivermectin aglycone.
Role of TNF Family Ligands in Antitumor Activity of Natural Killer Cells (2001)

NK cells have the ability to destroy tumor cells by two main cytotoxic pathways, the well-known perforin/granzyme-mediated secretory/necrotic killing and the newly defined TNF family ligand-mediated apoptotic killing. The former mechanism is operative mainly against a few cultured leukemia cell targets, while the latter mediates substantial activity against most tumor cell targets. It also appears from emerging data that the apoptotic mechanism is the main antitumor pathway in vito. This review is focused on the apoptotic mechanism of killing, the molecules and cell signaling pathways involved in this process, and its potential biologic significance along with its relation to the secretory/necrotic cytolytic pathway.
Real-Time Control of an Articulatory-Based Speech Synthesizer for Brain Computer Interfaces (2016)

Restoring natural speech in paralyzed and aphasic people could be achieved using a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) controlling a speech synthesizer in real-time. To reach this goal, a prerequisite is to develop a speech synthesizer producing intelligible speech in real-time with a reasonable number of control parameters. We present here an articulatory-based speech synthesizer that can be controlled in real-time for future BCI applications. This synthesizer converts movements of the main speech articulators (tongue, jaw, velum, and lips) into intelligible speech. The articulatory-to-acoustic mapping is performed using a deep neural network (DNN) trained on electromagnetic articulography (EMA) data recorded on a reference speaker synchronously with the produced speech signal. This DNN is then used in both offline and online modes to map the position of sensors glued on different speech articulators into acoustic parameters that are further converted into an audio signal using a vocoder. In offline mode, highly intelligible speech could be obtained as assessed by perceptual evaluation performed by 12 listeners. Then, to anticipate future BCI applications, we further assessed the real-time control of the synthesizer by both the reference speaker and new speakers, in a closed-loop paradigm using EMA data recorded in real time. A short calibration period was used to compensate for differences in sensor positions and articulatory differences between new speakers and the reference speaker. We found that real-time synthesis of vowels and consonants was possible with good intelligibility. In conclusion, these results open to future speech BCI applications using such articulatory-based speech synthesizer.
Comparisons of waveguide folding geometries in a CO_2 z-fold laser (1989)

In this paper we compare three types of optical arrangement used for folding in a z-fold CO(2) waveguide laser excited by a transverse rf discharge. In particular, we present measured output power as a function of discharge conditions for folded resonators with plane mirrors, curved mirrors, and partial waveguiding. To date the laser has produced a maximum of 53.4 W from 115 cm of discharge, i.e., 0.46 W/cm. The folding losses predicted by scalar diffraction theory agree reasonably well with those derived from a fit between the experimental data and a Rigrod analysis.
IRACproc: a software suite for processing and analyzing Spitzer /IRAC data (2006)

We have developed a post-Basic Calibrated Data pipeline processing software suite called "IRACproc". This package facilitates the co-addition of dithered or mapped <i>Spitzer</i>/IRAC data to make them ready for further analysis with application to a wide variety of IRAC observing programs. In acting as a wrapper for the <i>Spitzer</i> Science Center's MOPEX software, IRACproc improves the rejection of cosmic rays and other transients in the co-added data. In addition, IRACproc performs (optional) Point Spread Function (PSF) fitting, subtraction, and masking of saturated stars. The under/critically sampled IRAC PSFs are subject to large variations in shape between successive frames as a result of sub-pixel shifts from dithering or telescope jitter. IRACproc improves cosmic ray and other transient rejection by using spatial derivative images to map the locations and structure of astronomical sources. By protecting sources with a metric that accounts for these large variations in the PSFs, our technique maintains the structure and photometric reliability of the PSF, while at the same time removing transients at the lowest level. High Dynamic Range PSFs for each IRAC band were obtained by combining an unsaturated core, derived from stars in the IRAC PSF calibration project, with the wings of a number of bright stars. These PSFs have dynamic ranges of ~10<sup>7</sup> and cover the entire IRAC field of view. PSF subtraction can drastically reduce the light from a bright star outside the saturated region. For a bright star near the array center it is possible to detect faint sources as close as ~15-20" that would otherwise be lost in the glare. In addition, PSF fitting has been shown to provide photometry accurate to 1-2% for over-exposed stars.
A One-Day, Dispense-Only IP-One HTRF Assay for High-Throughput Screening of G <sub> <i>α</i> q </sub> Protein-Coupled Receptors: Towards Cells as Reagents (2008)

Compared to biochemical high-throughput screening (HTS) assays, cell-based functional assays are generally thought to be more time consuming and complex because of additional efforts for running continuous cell cultures as well as the numerous assay steps when transferring media and compounds. A common strategy to compensate the anticipated reduction in overall throughput is to implement highly automated cell culture and screening systems. However, such systems require substantial investments in sophisticated hardware and highly specialized personnel. In trying to set up alternatives to increasing throughput in functional cell-based screening, we combined several approaches. By using (1) cryopreserved cell aliquots instead of continuous cell culture, (2) cells in suspension instead of adherent cells, and (3) “ready-to-screen” assay plates with nanoliter aliquots of test compounds, an assay procedure was developed that very much resembles a standard biochemical, enzymatic assay comprising only a few dispense steps. Chinese hamster ovary cells stably overexpressing a Gαq-coupled receptor were used as a model system to measure receptor activation by detection of intracellular D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate with the help of homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF®, CISbio International, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France). Initially established in 384-well adherent cell format, the assay was successfully transferred to 1,536-well format. The assay quality was sufficient to run HTS campaigns in both formats with good Z′-factors and excellent reproducibility of antagonists. Subsequently, the assay procedure was optimized for usage of suspension cells. The influences of cell culture media, plate type, cell number, and incubation time were assessed. Finally, the suspension cell assay was applied to pharmacological characterization of a small molecule antagonist by Schild plot analysis. Our data demonstrate not only the application of the IP-One HTRF assay (CISbio International) for HTS in a high-density format, but furthermore the successful use of cryopreserved and suspension cells in a one-day functional cell-based assay.
Sparse Signal Recovery via l1 Minimization (2006)

The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview of the main results for sparse recovery via L optimization. Given a set of K linear measurements y=Ax where A is a Ktimes;N matrix, the recovery is performed by solving the convex program minparxpar <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> subject to Ax=y, where parxpar <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> :=Sigma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t=0</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N-1</sup> |x(t)|. If x is S-sparse (it contains only S nonzero components), and the matrix A obeys a certain type of uncertainty principle then the above equation will recover x exactly when K is on the order of S log N. The number of measurements it takes to acquire a sparse signal is within a constant log factor of its inherent complexity, even though we have no idea which components are important before hand. The recovery procedure can be made stable against measurement errors, and is computationally tractable.
Multimodal image registration by edge attraction and regularization using a B-spline grid (2011)

Multi modal image registration enables images from different modalities to be analyzed in the same coordinate system. The class of B-spline-based methods that maximize the Mutual Information between images produce satisfactory result in general, but are often complex and can converge slowly. The popular Demons algorithm, while being fast and easy to implement, produces unrealistic deformation fields and is sensitive to illumination differences between the two images, which makes it unsuitable for multi-modal registration in its original form. We propose a registration algorithm that combines a B-spline grid with deformations driven by image forces. The algorithm is easy to implement and is robust against large differences in the appearance between the images to register. The deformation is driven by attraction-forces between the edges in both images, and a B-spline grid is used to regularize the sparse deformation field. The grid is updated using an original approach by weighting the deformation forces for each pixel individually with the edge strengths. This approach makes the algorithm perform well even if not all corresponding edges are present. We report preliminary results by applying the proposed algorithm to a set of (multi-modal) test images. The results show that the proposed method performs well, but is less accurate than state of the art registration methods based on Mutual Information. In addition, the algorithm is used to register test images to manually drawn line images in order to demonstrate the algorithm's robustness.
System Design and Throughput Analysis for Multihop Relaying in Cellular Systems (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Wireless multihop relaying can provide a great improvement in systemwide throughput and coverage in a cellular system. However, since additional resources (time or frequency slots) and overhead are required to perform relaying, the addition of relays into a cellular system must be carefully designed for the system's specific geometry, topology, and propagation environment. Maximizing the benefit of multihop relaying requires that the medium access control (MAC) layer scheduler be aware of physical (PHY) layer conditions. Multihop relaying increases networkwide throughput by enabling spatial reuse within a cell and by significantly reducing the path loss on each hop. The most significant gain results from adding enough relays to create line-of-sight (LOS) paths on all relay hops. To assist with system design, we present a methodology of analyzing network throughput and area-averaged spectral efficiency for multihop relay-enhanced cellular systems, including cross-layer considerations. In addition, we describe a technique that may be used to determine spatial reuse schedules. In this paper, we use a realistic model and typical cellular scenarios to show how relaying can be used to improve coverage and throughput in a real-world system. </para>
Compatibility System Controlling Heterokaryon Formation in Streptomyces coelicolor. (1958)

SummaryHeretofore, complementary pairs of growth-factor dependent mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor have interacted to yield colonies which grow readily in the absence of added supplements. Recently however certain combinations have been found which did not interact successfully. This failure of nutritionally dependent mutants to form growth-factor independent growth was not the result of allelism, but of a compatibility system controlling heterokaryon formation. The compatibility system was apparently determined by two factors, one of which probably arose by mutation.