gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Volatile Sulphur Compounds in UHT Milk (2008)

Several volatile sulphur compounds have been detected in raw and processed milk. These are hydrogen sulphide, methanethiol, carbonyl sulphide, dimethyl sulphide, carbon disulphide, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide, dimethyl sulphoxide, and dimethyl sulphone. Many of these increase in milk during heat processing and are associated with the cooked flavor of heat-treated milks, particularly UHT and sterilized milk. Several researchers have attempted to explain the origin of these volatiles in both raw and processed milk, and how to reduce the associated cooked flavor that has a negative impact on consumer acceptability of processed milk. These compounds are difficult to detect and analyze due to their high volatility, sensitivity to oxidation and heat, and in some cases, their very low concentrations. However, methods of detection and quantification have improved in recent years. Pre-concentration methods such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) together with gas chromatography equipped with sulphur-selective detectors now enable low concentrations of these compounds to be analyzed. In this review, methods of extraction and analyzes of these volatile sulphur compounds are compared, and their occurrence in milk is reviewed.
Differential interference contrast‐photothermal microscopy in nanospace: impacts of systematic parameters (2017)

Differential interference contrast-photothermal microscopy (DIC-PTM), as a promising tool for trace analysis of nonfluorescent compounds, suffered low sensitivity in nanospace especially for aqueous samples, due to the poor thermophysical property of water and the unoptimised configuration. To improve its performance, a five-layer DIC-PTM model is built and influences of different parameters on the photothermal signal are investigated. The initial phase shift φ<sub>0</sub> between two branches of the probe beam is found to be a key factor determining the detection sensitivity and response linearity: at a large φ<sub>0</sub> (≤π/2) both a high sensitivity and a good linearity can be achieved, while a high signal-to-noise ratio occurs at a small φ<sub>0</sub> . The steady-state photothermal phase shift φ<sub>dc</sub> has little impact on the linearity, which, however, is greatly influenced by the range of periodic photothermal phase shift φ<sub>ac</sub> . By introducing two coatings into a nanospace to confine the photothermal effect within and around the sample, the sensitivity can be enhanced from a few times to over 100 times. On an optimised DIC-PTM configuration and chip structure, detection limit down to 10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> (or 40 molecules in a detection volume of 0.2 fL) was achieved in a 300-nm-thick nanospace. This work paves a way for optimising the DIC-PTM and chip structure for sensitive detection of analytes in nanospaces.
Carbon monoxide-dependent signaling (2002)

It has become accepted that nitric oxide serves important functions in biological systems as a second messenger. Another diatomic gaseous molecule, carbon monoxide (CO), is also rapidly gaining acceptance as a signaling agent. Some of the activities of CO are analogous to those of nitric oxide in the vascular system and the brain, but CO also behaves in novel ways. Like nitric oxide, CO is capable of activating soluble guanylyl cyclase. This mechanism of CO signaling is important in vasodilation and neurotransmission. There is growing evidence, however, that CO also acts independently of soluble guanylyl cyclase. CO has been shown to protect against septic shock and lung injury in animal models, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase system appears to mediate this cytoprotective effect. Although much remains to be elucidated about the mechanisms of cell signaling by CO, the pace of discovery in this field is making the picture clearer with every passing day.
Adenosine Receptors (1990)

It is now 60 years since Drury and Szent-Györgyi (1929) found that adenosine produced profound hypotension and bradycardia as well as affecting kidney function in mammals. At a time when the thiazide diuretics, β-adrenergic receptor antagonists, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were unknown, the potential of the nucleoside as an antihypertensive agent was attractive, and con sequently, adenosine was rapidly evaluated in man (Honey et al., 1930; Jezer et al., 1933; Drury, 1936) with disappointing results because of the lability of the natural nucleoside. Accordingly, the purine was felt to have limited usefulness as an antihypertensive agent, and it was not until the 1950s that the effects of adenosine on mammalian cellular function were again evaluated (Green and Stoner, 1950; Feldberg and Sherwood, 1953; Winbury et al.,1953; Wolf and Berne, 1956). The hypotensive actions of adenosine were reconfirmed, as was the ability of the purine to modulate pulmonary and CNS function.
The new field of nanopiezotronics (2007)

Semiconducting and piezoelectric nanowires and nanobelts have exciting applications in electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, and the biological sciences. We review the use of ZnO nanowires and nanobelts in electromechanical coupled devices. A nanogenerator that uses aligned ZnO nanowires for converting nanoscale mechanical energy into electric energy is described. The mechanism of the nanogenerator relies on the unique coupling of ZnO's piezoelectric and semiconducting properties. The approach has the potential to convert biological mechanical energy, acoustic/ultrasonic vibration energy, and biofluid hydraulic energy into electricity, demonstrating a new pathway for harvesting energy for self-powered wireless nanodevices and nanosystems. Based on the nanogenerator mechanism, we also describe piezoelectric field-effect transistors, diodes, force/pressure sensors, and resonators. These devices form the fundamental components of nanopiezotronics, a new field in nanotechnology.
Ultra-high spur-free dynamic range RF synthesis using optical homodyne serrodyne technique (2007)

It is reported that the spur-free dynamic range (SFDR) of an optically homodyned serrodyne signal depends on the relative phase difference between the beating optical waves. By optimising this parameter, a 1 MHz tone with 63 dB SFDR has been synthesised, which is the highest serrodyne SFDR ever reported.
Rapid manufacturing of polyethylene parts with controlled pore size gradients using selective laser sintering (2007)

In this study HDPE specimens were fabricated by selective laser sintering using different particle sizes to obtain controlled variations in the porosity. Electron microscopy, density measurements and mechanical analyses were conducted for the characterization of the specimens. Parts with controlled pore gradients were also manufactured and characterized. The specimens with larger particle sizes had a high sintering degree and a significant level of close pores, as shown by microscopy and density analyses. However, the mechanical properties of specimens prepared with large particles had low values due to the limited density of union points, i.e., low neck number/area. HDPE parts with pore gradients were prepared by selective laser sintering demonstrating that this technique can be used to easily control the structure and the properties of the parts manufactured. This technology may have applications in areas such as drug delivery devices and scaffolds for tissue engineering.
HDD interface technologies (2006)

The interfaces of hard disk drives (HDDs) have been changed to serial interfaces to meet the demands for high-speed data transfer. The main interfaces involved are the Fibre Channel (FC), Serial ATA (SATA), and Serial Attached SCSI (SAS). Up to now, the HDD market segments corresponded to the serial interfaces that were available. Because of the recent demands for cost reduction, however, requests are being made for serial interfaces optimized for the use of the HDD units. As a result, the HDD market segments have become fractionalized, and the correspondence between the market segments and serial interfaces has also been lost. For example, products in which a conventional low-end SATA and a large-capacity HDD are combined have begun to appear on the market as enterprise HDDs. This paper describes the features of these serial interfaces and the interface technologies of the HDD controller that enables serialization of the interfaces. It also discusses the technological problems of future HDD interfaces and their solutions.
New Evidence on the Role of Size Effect in Determining the Pricing of Risk, Volatility Dynamics, and Economic Exposure of Firm Returns (2020)

This research study analyses the role of size effect in detecting the pricing of risk, various volatility dynamics, and economic exposure of firm returns on the Pakistani stock market by employing monthly data for the period from 1998 to 2018. Three generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models were applied: GARCH(1,1) for capturing different volatility dynamics, GARCH-M for pricing of risk, and EGARCH for asymmetric and leverage effect. The findings of the study are as follows: Firstly, the authors untie that pricing of risk is subject to considerable variations with respect to firm size. Secondly, in the process of detecting whether the firm size matters in the case of asymmetry and leverage effect, they find that it is indeed the case. Thirdly, size effect plays a substantial role in determining various volatility dynamics. Finally, they uncover that economic factors affect stock returns differently based on firm size, signifying the role of size effect.
Profit Analyses and Sequential Bid Pricing Models (1973)

A bid pricing strategy based upon opportunity costs is presented for the firm confronted with the problem of competitively pricing a sequence of sealed tenders for future undifferentiated but interrelated contract work. Each contract, if awarded, will require the expending of predetermined amounts of several restricted resources at a later time. A goal of the bidding strategy is to determine a price structure of the winning bids which maximizes the total contribution over direct costs associated with the time period of resource utilization. According to various levels of complexity of data, several models of the problem are developed together with optimal bid price rules. Each optimal rule involves scarce resource “cost” charges for future opportunities and competitive advantages according to the general bid rule form: OPTIMAL BID PRICE = DIRECT COSTS + OPPORTUNITY COSTS + COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE FEE. Experiences are also given of an adaptive and conditional implementation of the general bid rule for a major chemical manufacturer in a complex business area where sales orders are determined by competitive bidding.
Femtosecond pulsed laser micromachining of glass substrates with application to microfluidic devices (2004)

We describe a technique for surface and subsurface micromachining of glass substrates by using tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses at a wavelength of 1660 nm. A salient feature of pulsed laser micromachining is its ability to drill subsurface tunnels into glass substrates. To demonstrate a potential application of this micromachining technique, we fabricate simple microfluidic structures on a glass plate. The use of a cover plate that seals the device by making point-to-point contact with the flat surface of the substrate is necessary to prevent the evaporation of liquids in open channels and chambers. Methods for protecting and sealing the micromachined structures for microfluidic applications are discussed.
The determination of bitter principles in zucchinis (1985)

Abstract A method using reverse phase thin layer and high performance liquid chromatography was developed to determine the level of the bitter principle occasionally found in zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo L.). The system gave excellent separation with recovery rates of about 90% from spiked fruit. The bitter principle was confirmed by C 13 NMR and mass spectrometry as cucurbitacin E glycoside which was present in concentrations in the order of 600mg kg −1 in bitter fruits. Bitterness was detected by a taste panel at cucurbitacin E glycoside concentrations of 1 mg kg −1 in aqueous solutions and 2 mg kg −1 in zucchini pulp. The method described should assist the screening for bitterness in commercial and breeding populations of zucchini.
Baseline Left Ventricular d <i>P</i> /d <i>t</i> max Rather than the Acute Improvement in d <i>P</i> /d <i>t</i> max Predicts Clinical Outcome in Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2011)

Left ventricular dP/dt(max) measured at baseline and during CRT are predictors of 1-year survival free from all-cause mortality, HTX, or LVAD implantation, but the acute improvement in dP/dt(max) is not correlated to clinical outcome.
Bone Mineral Changes in Obese Women During a Moderate Weight Loss With and Without Calcium Supplementation (2001)

A significant relationship between body weight (BW) and bone mass (BM) has been established previously. A diet-induced weight loss is accompanied by a significant decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and total body bone mineral (TBBM), but the underlying mechanisms are not clarified. Sixty-two obese women were included in the study. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and measurements of a series of calcium-regulating hormones and biochemical markers of bone turnover were performed at baseline and after 1 month and 3 months on a low calorie diet. Thirty of the women were randomized to a daily supplement of 1 g of calcium. After an additional 3 months without dietary prescriptions or calcium supplements, a subgroup of 48 subjects (24 from each group) were scanned again using DXA. There was a significant decrease in TBBM after 1 month and 3 months. A similar pattern was observed in the bone mineral content (BMC) of the lumbar spine in the patients who did not receive a calcium supplement, whereas no changes occurred in the supplemented group. The initial calcium supplementation seemed to protect against bone loss in the lumbar spine but not in the TBBM. In the nonsupplemented group, a statistically significant inverse correlation was found between the calcium/creatinine ratio in the morning urine and the changes in BMC of the lumbar spine. Such a relationship was not seen in the calcium-supplemented group. In the nonsupplemented group, no significant biochemical changes were observed, whereas a significant decrease in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was seen in the calcium-supplemented group. This might explain some of the protective effects of calcium supplementation on trabecular bone mass. We conclude that a diet-induced weight loss is accompanied by a generalized bone loss, which probably is explained mainly by a reduced mechanical strain on the skeleton. This loss can be partly inhibited by a high calcium intake. Therefore, a calcium supplementation should be recommended during weight loss, even if the diet contains the officially recommended amounts of calcium.
<i>Invited Paper</i>: Depth reproducibility of multiview depth‐fused 3‐D display (2010)

Abstract— A multi‐view depth‐fused 3‐D (DFD) display that provides smooth motion parallax for wide viewing angles is proposed. A conventional DFD display consists of a stack of two transparent emitting screens. It can produce motion parallax for small changes in observation angle, but its viewing zone is rather narrow due to the split images it provides in inclined views. On the other hand, even though multi‐view 3‐D displays have a wide viewing angle, motion parallax in them is discrete, depending on the number of views they show. By applying a stacked structure to multi‐view 3‐D displays, a wide‐viewing‐angle 3‐D display with smooth motion parallax was fabricated. Experimental results confirmed the viewing‐zone connection of DFD displays while the calculated results show the feasibility of stacked multi‐view displays.
Room-Temperature Microfluidics Packaging Using Sequential Plasma Activation Process (2006)

A sequential plasma activation process consisting of oxygen reactive ion etching (RIE) plasma and nitrogen radical plasma was applied for microfluidics packaging at room temperature. Si/glass and glass/glass wafers were activated by the oxygen RIE plasma followed by nitrogen microwave radicals. Then, the activated wafers were brought into contact in atmospheric pressure air with hand-applied pressure where they remained for 24 h. The wafers were bonded throughout the entire area and the bonding strength of the interface was as strong as the parents bulk wafers without any post-annealing process or wet chemical cleaning steps. Bonding strength considerably increased with the nitrogen radical treatment after oxygen RIE activation prior to bonding. Chemical reliability tests showed that the bonded interfaces of Si/Si could significantly withstand exposure to various microfluidics chemicals. Si/glass and glass/glass cavities formed by the sequential plasma activation process indicated hermetic sealing behavior. SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x </sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> was observed in the sequentially plasma-treated glass wafer, and it is attributed to binding of nitrogen with Si and oxygen and the implantation of N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> radical in the wafer. High bonding strength observed is attributed to a diffusion of absorbing water onto the wafer surfaces and a reaction between silicon oxynitride layers on the mating wafers. T-shape microfluidic channels were fabricated on glass wafers by bulk micromachining and the sequential plasma-activated bonding process at room temperature
The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries (2020)

We confirm that fever and cough are the most prevalent symptoms of adults infected by SARS-CoV-2. However, there is a large proportion of infected adults which symptoms-alone do not identify.
Testing for SoCs with advanced static and dynamic power-management capabilities (2013)

Many multicore chips today employ advanced power management techniques. Multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) is very effective for reducing standby leakage power. Dynamic voltage scaling and voltage islands which operate at multiple power-supply voltage levels, minimize dynamic power consumption. Effective defect screening for such chips requires advanced test techniques that target defects in the embedded cores and the power management structures. We describe recent advances in test generation and test scheduling techniques for SoCs that support power switches, voltage islands, and dynamic voltage scaling schemes.
Structure, dynamics, and reactivity of an alkoxy intermediate formed from acetylene on zeolite catalysts: an in situ solid-state NMR study (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure, dynamics, and reactivity of an alkoxy intermediate formed from acetylene on zeolite catalysts: an in situ solid-state NMR studyNoel D. Lazo, Jeffery L. White, Eric J. Munson, Marsha Lambregts, and James F. HawCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 10, 4050–4052Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00166a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00166a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-resolution crosswell imaging of a West Texas carbonate reservoir; Part 2, Wavefield modeling and analysis (1995)

Abstract We have collected low-noise crosswell data in a high-velocity carbonate environment with a spatial sampling interval of 2.5 ft (0.76 m). This sampling reveals a variety of coherent events not previously identified in coarsely sampled gathers. Nearly every event in our field record can be explained using simple approximations for the geology, source, and receivers without accounting for the presence of the boreholes.We have used synthetic records as a guide in a moveout-based analysis of the field data. Our analysis shows that much of the full wavefield energy, i.e., scattered waves, in our data are converted modes arising from the direct P- and S-waves. This observation suggests that for crosswell reflection imaging, the focus of acquisition and wavefield separation techniques should be on the suppression of once-converted modes.
Amplification of IS6110 sequence for detection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex in HIV‐negative patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) and evidence of extrapulmonary disease (2000)

Our results confirm the diagnostic value of molecular detection of M. tuberculosis in cases of FUO, thus supporting the application of PCR in tissue samples suspected of bacillus infection. Furthermore, our studies demonstrate that bone marrow aspiration specimens constitute an alternative, easy, safe and reliable source for such PCR analysis.
Directing endothelial differentiation of human embryonic stem cells via transduction with an adenoviral vector expressing the VEGF<sub>165</sub> gene (2007)

Endothelial progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold much promise in clinical therapy. Conventionally, lineage-specific differentiation of hESCs is achieved through supplementation of various cytokines and chemical factors within the culture milieu. Nevertheless, this is a highly inefficient approach that is often limited by poor replicability. An alternative is through genetic modulation with recombinant DNA. Hence, this study investigated whether transduction of hESCs with an adenoviral vector expressing the human VEGF(165) gene (Ad-hVEGF(165)) can enhance endothelial-lineage differentiation. The hESCs were induced to form embryoid bodies (EBs) by culturing them within low-attachment plates for 7 days, and were subsequently trypsinized into single cells, prior to transduction with Ad-hVEGF(165). Optimal transduction efficiency with high cell viability was achieved by 4-h exposure of the differentiating hESCs to viral particles at a ratio of 1 : 500 for three consecutive days. ELISA results showed that Ad-hVEGF(165)-transduced cells secreted human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF) for more than 30 days post-transduction, peaking on day 8, and the conditioned medium from the transduced cells stimulated extensive proliferation of HUVEC. Real-time PCR analysis showed positive upregulation of VEGF, Ang-1, Flt-1, Tie-2, CD34, CD31, CD133 and Flk-1 gene expression in Ad-hVEGF(165)-transduced cells. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis of CD133 cell surface marker revealed an approximately 5-fold increase in CD133 marker expression in Ad-hVEGF(165)-transduced cells compared to the non-transduced control. Hence, this study demonstrated that transduction of differentiating hESCs with Ad-hVEGF(165) facilitated expression of the VEGF transgene, which in turn significantly enhanced endothelial differentiation of hESCs.