gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Operational Amplifiers: The Devices and Their Applications (1987)

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS: Introduction The Device APPLICATIONS: Voltage Amplifiers Mathematical Operators Convertors Oscillators Special-Purpose Circuits Filters Active Filters Analog ICs and Subsystems PRACTICAL LIMITATIONS: Voltage Gain and Bandwidth Input and Output Resistance Secondary Parameters PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATIONS: Design Examples INTEGRATED CIRCUIT AMPLIFIERS: Circuit Descriptions Appendixes Index.
Identification of<i>Atg5</i>-dependent transcriptional changes and increases in mitochondrial mass in<i>Atg5</i>-deficient T lymphocytes (2009)

Autophagy is implicated in many functions of mammalian cells such as organelle recycling, survival and differentiation, and is essential for the maintenance of T and B lymphocytes. Here, we demonstrate that autophagy is a constitutive process during T cell development. Deletion of the essential autophagy genes Atg5 or Atg7 in T cells resulted in decreased thymocyte and peripheral T cell numbers, and Atg5-deficient T cells had a decrease in cell survival. We employed functional-genetic and integrative computational analyses to elucidate specific functions of the autophagic process in developing T-lineage lymphocytes. Our whole-genome transcriptional profiling identified a set of 699 genes differentially expressed in Atg5-deficient and Atg5-sufficient thymocytes (Atg5-dependent gene set). Strikingly, the Atg5-dependent gene set was dramatically enriched in genes encoding proteins associated with the mitochondrion. In support of a role for autophagy in mitochondrial maintenance in T lineage cells, the deletion of Atg5 led to increased mitochondrial mass in peripheral T cells. We also observed a correlation between mitochondrial mass and Annexin-V staining in peripheral T cells. We propose that autophagy is critical for mitochondrial maintenance and T cell survival. We speculate that, similar to its role in yeast or mammalian liver cells, autophagy is required in T cells for the removal of damaged or aging mitochondria and that this contributes to the cell death of autophagy-deficient T cells.
On-chip buck converter with spiral ferrite inductor and reducing IR drop in 3D stacked integration (2014)

In this paper, two topics about an on-chip DC-DC buck converter are described. First, the buck converter with an inductor on interposer is investigated for mobile applications. Simulation results indicate that the efficiency of the buck converter is improved by introducing a ferrite film to the inductor. Next, a circuit technique to reduce IR drop in 3D stacked integration using the buck converter is proposed. In this paper, 3D stacked-die system, which consists of stacked dies and silicon interposer, is fabricated and measurement results show that the proposed technique achieves 78% decrease in IR voltage drop compared with the conventional approach.
The intersection of pharmacology, imaging, and genetics in the development of personalized medicine (2009)

We currently rely on large randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses to make clinical decisions; this places us at a risk of discarding subgroup or individually specific treatment options owing to their failure to prove efficacious across entire populations. There is a new era emerging in personalized medicine that will focus on individual differences that are not evident phenomenologically. Much research is directed towards identifying genes, endophenotypes, and biomarkers of disease that will facilitate diagnosis and predict treatment outcome. We are at the threshold of being able to predict treatment response, primarily through genetics and neuroimaging. In this review we discuss the most promising markers of treatment response and adverse effects emerging from the areas of pharmacogenetics and neuroimaging in depression and schizophrenia.
Proton NMR studies of human C3a anaphylatoxin in solution: sequential resonance assignments, secondary structure, and global fold (1988)

The spin systems that comprise the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of the complement fragment C3a (Mr 8900) have been completely identified by an approach which integrates data from a wide range of two-dimensional NMR experiments. Both relayed and multiple quantum experiments play an essential role in the analysis. After the first stage of analysis the spin systems of 60 of the 77 residues were assigned to the appropriate residue type, providing an ample basis for subsequent sequence-specific assignments. Elements of secondary structure were identified on the basis of networks of characteristic sequential and medium-range nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs), values of 3JHN alpha, and locations of slowly exchanging backbone amide protons. Three well-defined helical segments are found. Gradients of increasing mobility in distinct segments of the C3a polypeptide are observed, with very high mobilities for several residues near the C- and N-termini, including the complete C-terminal receptor binding site pentapeptide LGLAR. The NMR data, combined with known disulfide linkages and a small number of critical long-range NOEs, provide the global folding pattern of C3a in solution. Identical solution structures were found for both the intact active protein and the largely inactive physiologic product des-Arg77-C3a.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
BSM Primary Effects: The complete set of predictions from the\n dimension-6 BSM Lagrangian (2014)

We present a physical parameterization of the leading effects beyond the SM\n(BSM), that give us, at present, the best way to constrain heavy new-physics at\nlow-energies. We call these effects that constrain all possible interactions at\nthe dimension 6 level, BSM Primary effects; there are 8 primaries related to\nHiggs physics, 3 related to Triple Gauge Couplings and 7 related to Z- pole\nmeasurements at LEP. Starting from these experimentally measurable deformations\n(and not operators), we construct the dimension 6 Lagrangian in a bottom up\nway. We, thus, show that other BSM effects are not independent from the primary\nones and we provide the explicit correlations. We also discuss the theoretical\nexpectation for the size of these BSM primaries in some well-motivated BSM\ntheories.\n
A Polymorphism in the α4 Nicotinic Receptor Gene (Chrna4) Modulates Enhancement of Nicotinic Receptor Function by Ethanol (2003)

The results suggest that the A/T polymorphism influences the initial sensitivity of the alpha4beta2 nAChR to ethanol.
Continuous-flux MOVPE growth of position-controlled N-face GaN nanorods and embedded InGaN quantum wells (2010)

We demonstrate the fabrication of N-face GaN nanorods by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE), using continuous-flux conditions. This is in contrast to other approaches reported so far, which have been based on growth modes far off the conventional growth regimes. For position control of nanorods an SiO(2) masking layer with a dense hole pattern on a c-plane sapphire substrate was used. Nanorods with InGaN/GaN heterostructures have been grown catalyst-free. High growth rates up to 25 microm h(-1) were observed and a well-adjusted carrier gas mixture between hydrogen and nitrogen enabled homogeneous nanorod diameters down to 220 nm with aspect ratios of approximately 8:1. The structural quality and defect progression within nanorods were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different emission energies for InGaN quantum wells (QWs) could be assigned to different side facets by room temperature cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements.
Rh-Catalyzed Enantioselective [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkynyl Esters and Norbornene Derivatives (2006)

[reaction: see text] The enantioselective [2 + 2] cycloaddition of alkynes possessing an ester functionality and norbornene derivatives proceeded efficiently using a chiral rhodium catalyst. The chiral tri- and tetracyclic cyclobutenes were obtained in moderate to high ee.
Polymerization of ethylene by using zirconocene catalyst anchored on silica with trisiloxane and pentamethylene spacers (1997)

Abstract New supported catalysts on the basis of cyclopentadienylindenylzirconium dichloride (CpIndZrCl 2 ) anchored on silica with a trisiloxane spacer (ZATS) and a pentamethylene spacer (ZAPM) were prepared and used for ethylene polymerization with modified methylaluminoxane (MAO) as cocatalyst. ZATS and ZAPM produce polyethylene with lower molecular weight but show higher activity than silica‐supported CpIndZrCl 2 which was prepared by reacting zirconocene directly with silica, i.e., the activity of silica‐supported CpIndZrCl 2 is enhanced by introducing a spacer between silica surface and metallocene species.
Time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy with a tunable ultraviolet kilohertz nanosecond laser (1999)

Time-resolved resonance Raman (TR3) spectra are obtained with a pair of Q-switched Nd : YLF-pumped Ti : sapphire lasers, generating tunable (810–920 nm) ∼20 ns pulses at a 1 kHz repetition rate. Frequency doubling in lithium borate (LBO) provides blue (405–460 nm) pump and probe pulses, while UV probe pulses, tunable from 205 to 230 nm, can be generated by doubling the second harmonic in β-barium borate (BBO). Pump and probe pulse timing are controlled electronically. A timing sequence is implemented in which exposure of the multichannel detector alternates between positive and negative time delays between pump and probe pulses, so that accumulated difference spectra are free of artifacts from spectrograph drift or gradual decomposition of the sample. The system was tested on the carbonmonoxy hemoglobin (HbCO) photocycle, for which UV TR3 spectra have previously been reported. HbCO was pumped at 419 nm, at the maxima of the strong Soret absorption band, and saturation of the photoresponse (maximum deligation) was established by measuring the intensity ratio of the HbCO and deoxyHb ν4 porphyrin RR bands, generated with 425 nm probe pulses. UV TR3 difference spectra were obtained at time intervals from 0.06 to 20 µs using 229 nm probe pulses. They are in good agreement with those recorded previously with a pair of 300 Hz excimer-dye lasers. The time required to achieve a comparable signal-to-noise ratio was eight times shorter with the 1 kHz Nd : YLF-Ti : S lasers. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic structure and hierarchical assembly of a cross-β amyloid fibril (2013)

The cross-β amyloid form of peptides and proteins represents an archetypal and widely accessible structure consisting of ordered arrays of β-sheet filaments. These complex aggregates have remarkable chemical and physical properties, and the conversion of normally soluble functional forms of proteins into amyloid structures is linked to many debilitating human diseases, including several common forms of age-related dementia. Despite their importance, however, cross-β amyloid fibrils have proved to be recalcitrant to detailed structural analysis. By combining structural constraints from a series of experimental techniques spanning five orders of magnitude in length scale--including magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray fiber diffraction, cryoelectron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy--we report the atomic-resolution (0.5 Å) structures of three amyloid polymorphs formed by an 11-residue peptide. These structures reveal the details of the packing interactions by which the constituent β-strands are assembled hierarchically into protofilaments, filaments, and mature fibrils.
High circulating levels of soluble scavenger receptors (sCD5 and sCD6) in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (2001)

Patients with primary SS showed higher levels of circulating sCD5 and sCD6 when compared with controls. Moreover, the existence of some immunological features (hypocomplementaemia and cryoglobulinaemia) was associated with high levels of both soluble scavenger receptors. These facts may reflect an enhanced lymphocytic activation in patients with primary SS.
Distance Aggregation based Score Fusion for improving person re-identification (2017)

Person re-identification is an important problem for automated video-based surveillance. Person re-identification is the problem of identifying a person over multiple cameras with varying viewpoints at different locations and different points of time. The most common directions of research in this domain are feature extraction and distance metric learning. While a number of algorithms have been proposed for solving this problem, the performance of these algorithms is varied and mistakes in detecting the correct person are often encountered. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for aggregating the “distances” between images of different persons that are generated by person re-identification algorithms in order to rank “gallery” images in terms of their “closeness” from a given “probe” image. The Distance Aggregation-based Score Fusion (DASF) framework uses aggregated distances to rank the gallery, and results in improved performance over each individual person re-identification algorithm that is used to obtain distances. Towards this end, we have applied Simulated Annealing, a heuristic algorithm, to find the optimum distances between images using the distances from individual algorithms. The DASF framework is unsupervised and requires no prior information about how each of the individual algorithms works. Our results show significant improvement in performance for commonly used datasets. Performed experiments also indicate that the DASF framework yields better results than the state-of-the-art score fusion algorithms for person reidentification.
A Stress Signaling Pathway in Adipose Tissue Regulates Hepatic Insulin Resistance (2008)

A high-fat diet causes activation of the regulatory protein c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and triggers development of insulin resistance. JNK1 is therefore a potential target for therapeutic treatment of metabolic syndrome. We explored the mechanism of JNK1 signaling by engineering mice in which the Jnk1 gene was ablated selectively in adipose tissue. JNK1 deficiency in adipose tissue suppressed high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in the liver. JNK1-dependent secretion of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 by adipose tissue caused increased expression of liver SOCS3, a protein that induces hepatic insulin resistance. Thus, JNK1 activation in adipose tissue can cause insulin resistance in the liver.
The soluble form of BMPRIB is a novel therapeutic candidate for treating bone related disorders (2016)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors that belong to the TGF-beta superfamily. Recently, several soluble BMP receptors, such as ActRIIA-Fc, ActRIIB-Fc, and ALK1-Fc, are undergoing clinical trials. Both BMPRIA and BMPRIB are type I BMP receptors, and while BMPRIA-Fc has been reported to have bone-increasing properties, there have been no investigations concerning the biological functions of BMPRIB-Fc. Therefore, comparing the effects of BMPRIA-Fc and BMPRIB-Fc in vivo should be helpful in revealing the differences in biological function between BMPRIA and BMPRIB, and would also aid in the evaluation of BMPRIB-Fc as a therapeutic agent. Here, we produced Tg chimeras in which BMPRIA-Fc and BMPRIB-Fc proteins circulated at high concentrations (36.8-121.4 μg/mL). Both Tg chimeras showed a significant increase of bone volume and strength. Using histological analysis, adenoma of the glandular stomach was observed only in BMPRIA-Fc chimeras suggesting the tumorigenic activity of this protein. Administration of recombinant BMPRIB-Fc protein to normal mice also increased bone volumes. Finally, treatment with BMPRIB-Fc decreased the area of osteolytic regions in a mouse model of breast cancer metastasis. In conclusion, our data suggest that BMPRIB-Fc can be used for the treatment of bone-related disorders with a lower risk than BMPRIA-Fc.
Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs): Toward a Hydrogen-free Hydrogen Economy (2016)

The need to drastically reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions will lead to the transformation of our current, carbon-based energy system to a more sustainable, renewable-based one. In this process, hydrogen will gain increasing importance as secondary energy vector. Energy storage requirements on the TWh scale (to bridge extended times of low wind and sun harvest) and global logistics of renewable energy equivalents will create additional driving forces toward a future hydrogen economy. However, the nature of hydrogen requires dedicated infrastructures, and this has prevented so far the introduction of elemental hydrogen into the energy sector to a large extent. Recent scientific and technological progress in handling hydrogen in chemically bound form as liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) supports the technological vision that a future hydrogen economy may work without handling large amounts of elemental hydrogen. LOHC systems are composed of pairs of hydrogen-lean and hydrogen-rich organic compounds that store hydrogen by repeated catalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation cycles. While hydrogen handling in the form of LOHCs allows for using the existing infrastructure for fuels, it also builds on the existing public confidence in dealing with liquid energy carriers. In contrast to hydrogen storage by hydrogenation of gases, such as CO<sub>2</sub> or N<sub>2</sub>, hydrogen release from LOHC systems produces pure hydrogen after condensation of the high-boiling carrier compounds. This Account highlights the current state-of-the-art in hydrogen storage using LOHC systems. It first introduces fundamental aspects of a future hydrogen economy and derives therefrom requirements for suitable LOHC compounds. Molecular structures that have been successfully applied in the literature are presented, and their property profiles are discussed. Fundamental and applied aspects of the involved hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysis are discussed, characteristic differences for the catalytic conversion of pure hydrocarbon and nitrogen-containing LOHC compounds are derived from the literature, and attractive future research directions are highlighted. Finally, applications of the LOHC technology are presented. This part covers stationary energy storage (on-grid and off-grid), hydrogen logistics, and on-board hydrogen production for mobile applications. Technology readiness of these fields is very different. For stationary energy storage systems, the feasibility of the LOHC technology has been recently proven in commercial demonstrators, and cost aspects will decide on their further commercial success. For other highly attractive options, such as, hydrogen delivery to hydrogen filling stations or direct-LOHC-fuel cell applications, significant efforts in fundamental and applied research are still needed and, hopefully, encouraged by this Account.
ReRAM-Based Processing-in-Memory Architecture for Recurrent Neural Network Acceleration (2018)

We present a recurrent neural network (RNN) accelerator design with resistive random-access memory (ReRAM)-based processing-in-memory (PIM) architecture. Distinguished from prior ReRAM-based convolutional neural network accelerators, we redesign the system to make it suitable for RNN acceleration. We measure the system throughput and energy efficiency with the detailed circuit and device characterization. Reprogrammability is enabled with our design, and an RNN friendly pipeline is employed to increase the system throughput. We observe that on average the proposed system achieves 79× improvement of computing efficiency compared with graphics processing unit baseline. Our simulation also indicates that to maintain high accuracy and computing efficiency, the read noise standard deviation should be less than 0.2, the device resistance should be at least 1 MQ, and the device writes latency should be minimized.
Development and High-power Design of Single-winding Linear Oscillatory Actuator. (1993)

This paper describes the permanent magnet single-winding LOA in terms of its structure, static thrust characteristics, frequency characteristics, temperature characteristics, and other features as shown in experiment results, and also describes the LOA's high output based on magnetic field analysis. We applied structural analysis to design a high-power version of a single-winding LOA that is structurally simple enough to be used in artificial heart actuators.We compared calculated results from static thrust characteristic analysis with measured statistics obtained from a prototype LOA. This analysis of static thrust characteristics used the FEM (Finite Element Method) for the analytical to obtain the static thrust characteristics from the distribution of magnetic flux density at the air gap center by application of Maxwell's stress law.After making and testing a prototype LOA, we found that the LOA's static thrust characteristics achieved the values intended in the design.We also determined, at the laboratory level, that the LOA's frequency characteristics show that the LOA can obtain the required frequencies.
Crowning glory for Rex strategy (2008)

Subtitle: Australia's Regional Express is confounding market trends by turning in a regular profit. Its executive chairman, Lim Kim Hai, discusses the airline's progress with Bernie Baldwin.
Insight into the Mechanism of Serpin−Proteinase Inhibition from 2D [<sup>1</sup>H-<sup>15</sup>N] NMR Studies of the 69 kDa α<sub>1</sub>-Proteinase Inhibitor Pittsburgh−Trypsin Covalent Complex (2001)

We have used [(1)H-(15)N]-HSQC NMR to investigate the structural changes that occur in both serpin and proteinase in forming the kinetically trapped covalent protein-protein complex that is the basis for serpin inhibition of serine proteinases. By alternately using (15)N-alanine specifically-labeled alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor (alpha(1)PI) Pittsburgh (serpin) and bovine trypsin (proteinase), we were able to selectively monitor structural changes in each component of the 69 kDa complex. Residue-specific assignments of four alanines in the reactive center loop and seven other alanines aided interpretation of the spectral changes in the serpin. We found that the majority of the alanine resonances, including those from reactive center loop residues P12, P11, and P9, were at identical positions in covalent complex and in cleaved alpha(1)PI. Five alanines that are close to the contact region with proteinase showed some chemical shift perturbation compared with cleaved alpha(1)PI, indicating some degree of structural deformation. With (15)N label in the proteinase, an HSQC spectrum was obtained that more closely resembled that of a molten globule, suggesting that the structure of the proteinase had been significantly altered as a result of complex formation. Large increases in line width for all alpha(1)PI resonances in the covalent complex, with the sole exception of two residues in the flexible N-terminal tail, indicate that, unlike the noncovalent alpha(1)PI-anhydroproteinase complex, the covalent complex is a rigid body of effectively increased molecular weight. We conclude that the mutual perturbations of serpin and proteinase result from steric compression and distortion, rather than simple contact effects. This distortion provides a structural basis for the greatly reduced catalytic efficiency of the proteinase in the complex and hence kinetic trapping of the covalent reaction intermediate.