gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ultrathin Silica Based Imagefiber For The Medical Usage (1988)

The most suitable structure of the ultrathin silica based imagefiber for the medical usage were investigated by evaluating the image transmission characteristics and the mechanical characteristics. As a result, following facts have been clarified, 1) In the case of NA 0.43, the suitable structural parameters are core-cladding ratio 1.5 and pixel diameter 5 μm. 2) The 0.27 mm diameter imagefiber can stand more than 103 times repeated bending in 10 mm radius.
XPS and XANES Studies of Uranium Reduction by Clostridium sp (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTXPS and XANES Studies of Uranium Reduction by Clostridium spArokiasamy J. Francis, Cleveland J. Dodge, Fulong. Lu, Gary P. Halada, and Clive R. ClaytonCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 4, 636–639Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00053a016https://doi.org/10.1021/es00053a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1164Altmetric-Citations195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential Expression of Laminin-5/Ladsin Subunits in Human Tissues and Cancer Cell Lines and Their Induction by Tumor Promoter and Growth Factors (1996)

We previously reported a new laminin variant containing laminin gamma 2 (or B2t) chain, ladsin, which exerted prominent cell-scattering, cell-adhesion, and cell-migration activities. In the present study, this laminin was further characterized, and gene expression of its three subunits in various human tissues and cancer cell lines was examined by Northern blotting. cDNA cloning of the largest subunit of ladsin and partial amino acid sequencing of its beta (or B1) subunit revealed that ladsin was identical to laminin-5 (kalinin/epiligrin/ nicein). Among various human tissues, placenta, lung, and fetal kidney expressed high levels of mRNAs for the three subunits of laminin-5 (laminin alpha 3EPA, beta 3, and gamma 2 chains). Most gastric and squamous carcinoma cell lines constitutively expressed all of the three subunit mRNAs, while other types of carcinoma cell lines expressed one or two of them. The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) strongly enhanced the gene expression of the three subunits, increasing 2 to 8-fold the secretion of laminin-5 from carcinoma cells into culture medium. However, TPA treatment did not increase the secretion of laminin beta 1 chain, a subunit of laminins-1, -3, and -6. The unique properties and inducibility by TPA and EGF of laminin-5 suggest that it is associated with growth and migration of cancer cells.
Cytoplasmic Domain of Sendai Virus HN Protein Contains a Specific Sequence Required for Its Incorporation into Virions (1998)

In the assembly of paramyxoviruses, interactions between viral proteins are presumed to be specific. The focus of this study is to elucidate the protein-protein interactions during the final stage of viral assembly that result in the incorporation of the viral envelope proteins into virions. To this end, we examined the specificity of HN incorporation into progeny virions by transiently transfecting HN cDNA genes into Sendai virus (SV)-infected cells. SV HN expressed from cDNA was efficiently incorporated into progeny Sendai virions, whereas Newcastle disease virus (NDV) HN was not. This observation supports the theory of a selective mechanism for HN incorporation. To identify the region on HN responsible for the selective incorporation, we constructed chimeric SV and NDV HN cDNAs and evaluated the incorporation of expressed proteins into progeny virions. Chimera HN that contained the SV cytoplasmic domain fused to the transmembrane and external domains of the NDV HN was incorporated to SV particles, indicating that amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain are responsible for the observed specificity. Additional experiments using the chimeric HNs showed that 14 N-terminal amino acids are sufficient for the specificity. Further analysis identified five consecutive amino acids (residues 10 to 14) that were required for the specific incorporation of HN into SV. These residues are conserved among all strains of SV as well as those of its counterpart, human parainfluenza virus type 1. These results suggest that this region near the N terminus of HN interacts with another viral protein(s) to lead to the specific incorporation of HN into progeny virions.
Exopolysaccharide Production by Pseudomonas NCIB11264 Grown in Batch Culture (1977)

Fermentation studies using batch culture indicated that exopolysaccharide production by Pseudomonas ncib11264 in a chemically defined medium increased under conditions of nitrogen limitation and excess carbon substrate at pH values above 6. The polysaccharide was formed from a variety of carbon substrates and its composition was not affected by the nature of the carbohydrate source. Polysaccharide formation did not increase in media containing small amounts of phosphate, and, as in secondary metabolite production, it started late in the exponential growth phase continuing maximally after growth had ceased. The efficiency of glucose conversion into exopolysaccharide was low. Colorimetric, viscometric, and total carbon estimation techniques are described for determining exopolysaccharide levels in cell-free culture supernatants.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors of PD-L1 as cancer therapeutics (2019)

Since the discovery of immune checkpoint proteins, there has been a special interest in developing antibodies that block programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) and programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) for a subset of cancer patients. PD-1 signaling negatively regulates T cell-mediated immune responses and serves as a mechanism for tumors to evade an antigen-specific T cell immunologic response. It plays a role in promoting cancer development and progression by enhancing tumor cell survival. With this background, PD-1 signaling represents a valuable therapeutic target for novel and effective cancer immunotherapy. Clinical data shows that blockade of this PD-1 signaling significantly enhance antitumor immunity, produce durable clinical responses, and prolong survival. Currently, there are three FDA-approved PD-L1 inhibitors for various malignancies ranging from non-small cell lung cancer to Merkel cell carcinoma. This review is to summarize many ongoing phase II/III trials of atezolizumab, durvalumab, avelumab, and new PD-L1 inhibitors in clinical developments. In particular, we focus on key trials that paved the pathway to FDA-approved indications for atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab. Despite the popularity and accelerated FDA approval of PD-L1 inhibitors, further considerations into predictive biomarkers, mechanisms of resistance, treatment duration, immune-related toxicities, and PD-L1 expression threshold are needed to optimize anticancer potential in this class of immunotherapy.
The juvenile glaucoma gene on 1q21-q31 is not associated with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) (1996)

Purpose: One locus for a form of juvenile primary open angle glaucoma has been mapped to the 1q21-q31 region of human chromosome 1. To determine if adult onset primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is also caused by mutations a gene located in this region, we performed genetic linkage studies using affected sibpairs from pedigrees affected by POAG.Methods: Affected sibships belonging to pedigrees from the greater New England area or from North Carolina were examined by one of the authors. Patients were determined to be affected if they demonstrated an elevation of intraocular pressure greater than 21 mmHg (without treatment), had evidence of optic nerve degeneration characteristic of glaucoma, and did not have any evidence of any secondary glaucoma. DNA samples from appropriate individuals were analyzed using microsatellite repeat markers previously mapped to the 1q21-q31 region. Linkage analysis was performed using both model-dependent (LOD score) and model-independent (sibpair and affected pedigree member (APM)) methods.Results: Nineteen affected sibpairs (7 families) from North Carolina, and eighteen affected sibpairs (7 families) from New England were identified for this study. DNA samples from the combined set were analyzed using markers D1S194, D1S196, D1S433, D1S452, D1S212, D1S218, and D1S242. LOD score analysis excluded significant linkage to these markers when assuming either a dominant or recessive genetic model. In addition, there was no significant evidence of linkage with either the sibpair or APM analyses.Conclusion: These data suggest that the gene for juvenile open-angle glaucoma mapped to 1q21-q31 is not a major cause of the adult form of the disease. Analysis of this group of sibpairs affected by POAG at other regions of the human genome, including the locus for Rieger's syndrome (4q25-q27), Aniridia (11p13) and Stickler's syndrome (12q13) is in progress.
Efficient Total Synthesis of 12-oxo-PDA and OPC-8:0 (2003)

Although the supply of 12-oxo-PDA (1) and OPC-8:0 (2), the metabolites in the linolenic acid cascade leading to epi-jasmonic acid, is in demand for biological investigations, the previous syntheses of these metabolites suffer from low efficiency. Recently, we established a reaction to install an alkyl group onto the ring of cyclopentene monoacetate 4 by using a reagent system consisting of RMgCl (3 equiv) and CuCN (cat). The reaction was applied to ClMg(CH2)8OTBDPS (11) with modification by which the quantity of 11 could be reduced to 2 equiv without decreasing efficiency. The product 12 obtained in 88% yield with 92% regioselectivity was successfully transformed into the key iodo-lactone 17 in good yield, from which 12-oxo-PDA (1) and OPC-8:0 (2) were synthesized as described in Schemes 3 and 5 through construction of the cis side chain by Wittig reaction. Note that the Wittig reaction proceeded with high cis selectivity of >95%, which is higher than in similar cases reported previously. Synthesis of the 13-isomers of 1 and 2 was also accomplished. With these compounds in hand, the epimerization speed of 1 and 2 was investigated to rule out overestimation of the finding in the literature that 1 and 2 change to the 13-epimers easily. Instead, we observed that the compounds are quite stable at room temperature for an extended period of days under slightly acidic and neutral conditions.
DNA analysis of in situ ductal carcinoma of the breast via flow cytometry (1995)

Flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis of 41 clinical cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast was performed on fine-needle aspirates of unfixed, frozen tissue. Based on analysis of a single tissue sample, abnormal DNA content was found in 35 (85%) of the cases, and 15 (37%) disclosed heterogeneity. If five or more samples were analyzed, then heterogeneity was found in eight of ten cases. No conclusive correlation could be found between DNA index (DI) and histopathology. Our results on DCIS demonstrate a very high concordance with invasive breast cancer with respect to the frequency of DNA nondiploid cases, distribution of DI, occurrence of multiple clones, and S-phase fraction. This indicates that major genetic alterations and DNA heterogeneity are early events in carcinogenesis that are already established at the preinvasive stage.
Ultrawide AWG With Hyper-Gaussian Profile (2004)

We present the principle of hyper-Gaussian arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), applied successfully to realize an ultraflat 500-GHz spacing demultiplexer with 1-dB passband above 80% of the channel spacing, and a zero chromatic dispersion 50-GHz spacing wide-band AWG.
Advanced 300 mm Cu/CVD LK (k=2.2) multilevel damascene integration for 90/65 nm generation BEOL interconnect technologies (2004)

Nine-metal-level (9 ML) Cu/CVD low-k dielectric with k=2.2, Cu/LK (k=2.2), damascene integration on 300 mm wafers for 90/65 nm generation has been successfully demonstrated for the first time. To minimize line-line capacitance for least BEOL interconnect RC delay, no higher-k cap for Cu CMP or higher-k middle etch stop layers for metal trench etching were used in inter metal dielectric (IMD) film stacking. Integration challenges in the Cu/LK (k=2.2) damascene building were overcome by novel approaches in IMD film processing, Cu CMP and patterning. Excellent physical, electrical, reliability, and packaging results from this Cu/LK (k=2.2) BEOL interconnects are demonstrated.
Thermal Analysis of Silicon Films with Ultrashort-Pulse Laser Irradiation. (1997)

A numerical calculation is performed to simulate the heat transfer in silicon films with ultrashort-pulse laser irradiation. The key issue in the problem is the strong nonequilibrium nature of the free carriers (electrons and holes) and the crystal lattice induced by the ultrashort-pulse laser light with a pulse width typically less than 1 ps (picosecond). A phenomenological model that considers the nonequilibrium nature is developed and the resulting set of the carrier number density, carrier energy, and the lattice energy equations is solved numerically. Calculated results clearly exhibit the parameter dependence of the nonequilibrium film terperature rise and suggest a possible mechanism of the stiction reconvery of micro-cantilevers in microelectromechanical system devices.
Competitive Indirect ELISA for Ceftiofur Sodium and the Effect of Different Immunizing and Coating Antigen Conjugates (1995)

Ceftiofur sodium is a broad spectrum, beta-lactamase-resistant cephalosporin. Ceftiofur and desfuroylceftiofur were used to develop competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (CI-ELISA) for the determination of ceftiofur sodium. Hapten-protein conjugates were made using three different carrier proteins and three methods of conjugation. The first two methods use the free amine of ceftiofur as the site of conjugation, and coupling to bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin was achieved by using two different cross-linking reagents. The third conjugation procedure joins the hydrolyzed form of ceftiofur, desfuroylceftiofur, to the maleimide-activated carrier proteins, bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin. A variety of immunization schedules is presented to show the effect of repeated immunizations on antibody maturation. Serum antibody levels were evaluated for each conjugation method using both homologous and heterologous conjugates as antigens. All of the immunogens resulted in the generation of anticeftiofur antibodies. The heterologous assay systems on average yielded more sensitive assays, but antisera obtained from all three immunogens were used successfully in developing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA's) for ceftiofur. Ceftiofur was detected in mouse sera in a concentration range of 3-500 ppb. The results illustrate that the method used to couple the hapten to a carrier protein as well as the site of coupling significantly influence the resulting enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA's).
Space-time sketching of character animation (2015)

We present a space-time abstraction for the sketch-based design of character animation. It allows animators to draft a full coordinated motion using a single stroke called the space-time curve (STC). From the STC we compute a dynamic line of action (DLOA) that drives the motion of a 3D character through projective constraints. Our dynamic models for the line's motion are entirely geometric, require no pre-existing data, and allow full artistic control. The resulting DLOA can be refined by over-sketching strokes along the space-time curve, or by composing another DLOA on top leading to control over complex motions with few strokes. Additionally, the resulting dynamic line of action can be applied to arbitrary body parts or characters. To match a 3D character to the 2D line over time, we introduce a robust matching algorithm based on closed-form solutions, yielding a tight match while allowing squash and stretch of the character's skeleton. Our experiments show that space-time sketching has the potential of bringing animation design within the reach of beginners while saving time for skilled artists.
Enhancement of VCO Linearity and Phase Noise by Implementing Frequency Locked Loop (2007)

This paper investigates the on-chip implementation of a frequency locked loop (FLL) over a VCO that decreases the phase noise and linearizes the transfer function. Implementation of the FLL inside a PLL is also investigated and a possible application is highlighted. Design of a special kind of low noise frequency detector without a reference frequency (frequency-to-voltage converter), which is the most critical component of the FLL, is also presented in a 0.25 mum BiCMOS process. Linearization and approximately 15 dBc/Hz phase noise suppression is demonstrated over a moderate phase noise LC VCO with a center frequency of 10 GHz.
Microwave-Assisted Esterification of N-Acetyl-L-Phenylalanine Using Modified Mukaiyama’s Reagents: A New Approach Involving Ionic Liquids (2008)

Inspired by the concept of ionic liquids (ILs), this study modified the original Mukaiyama's reagent, 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide (m.p. 200-dec), from ionic solid into liquids by changing its anion. The esterification of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine was investigated as a model reaction. The microwave irradiation was more effective in esterifying N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine than the conventional reflux method. The original Mukaiyama's reagent was modified into ILs through manipulating its anion. However, only non-nucleophilic anions (such as EtSO(4) (-) and Tf(2)N(-)) were favorable since nucleophilic ones (such as CF(3)COO(-) and CH(3)COO(-)) could exchange with chlorine resulting in non-reactive coupling reagents. Two modified Mukaiyama's compounds (i.e. hydrophilic [2-ClMePy][EtSO(4)] and hydrophobic [2-ClMePy][Tf(2)N]) have been identified as the best ILtype coupling reagents. The esterification reaction was greatly enhanced by using 1- methylimidazole as the base instead of conventional toxic tertiary amines, and by using excess amount of alcohols as solvents instead of dichloromethane. Overall, the method reported is effective and 'greener'.
Reticulated platelet percentages in term and preterm neonates. (2004)

This method for determining RP% is suitable for use in term and preterm neonates. In preterm infants, the RP% significantly increases over the first 2 to 5 days of life and then decreases to a stable level over the first 28 days. RP% is generally higher in neonates than in adults. Among preterm infants in the first week of life, the RP% is inversely related to GA.
Development and Experimental Evaluation of a Tilt Stability Control System for Narrow Commuter Vehicles (2009)

This paper concentrates on development and experimental investigation of a compound control system designed for tilt stability of a narrow commuter vehicle. The control system is a combination of three different types of control schemes: Steering Tilt Control (STC) system, Direct Tilt Control (DTC) system and Tilt Brake system. These schemes utilize different types of actuators and offer complementary advantages over different ranges of operating speeds. The design of the control system is discussed. Then the combined STC-DTC system is first validated by running standard vehicle maneuver experiments such as turns and lane changes. The performance of the Tilt Brake algorithm is then verified for different low speed maneuvers. The feasibility of a stand alone DTC system is also experimentally investigated. Finally different experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effect of desired tilt angle definition on the handling of a narrow tilting vehicle.
A 10b 600MS/s multi-mode CMOS DAC for multiple Nyquist zone operation (2011)

A 10b 600MS/s current-steering DAC, implemented in a 65nm CMOS process, realizes direct waveform synthesis for TV band cognitive radio applications. A multi-mode reconstruction technique enables the DAC to utilize the image spectrum in higher Nyquist zones for wideband direct synthesis. The measured SFDR is better than 55dB across the first three Nyquist zones at 600MS/s with 30mW of power dissipation.
Optimization of orifice geometry for cross-flow mixing in a cylindrical duct (1994)

Mixing of gaseous jets in a cross-flow has significant applications in engineering, one example of which is the dilution zone of a gas turbine combustor. Despite years of study, the design of jet injection in combustors is largely based on practical experience. A series of experiments was undertaken to delineate the optimal mixer orifice geometry. A cross-flow to core-flow momentum-flux ratio of 40 and a mass flow ratio of 2.5 were selected as representative of an advanced design. An experimental test matrix was designed around three variables: the number of orifices, the orifice aspect ratio (long-to-short dimension), and the orifice angle. A regression analysis was performed on the data to arrive at an interpolating equation that predicted the mixing performance of orifice geometry combinations within the range of the test matrix parameters. Results indicate that mixture uniformity is a non-linear function of the number of orifices, the orifice aspect ratio, and the orifice angle. Optimum mixing occurs when the asymptotic mean jet trajectories are in the range of 0.35 less than r/R less than 0.5 (where r = 0 is at the mixer wall) at z/R = 1.0. At the optimum number of orifices, the difference between shallow-angled slots with large aspect ratios and round holes is minimal and either approach will lead to good mixing performance. At the optimum number of orifices, it appears possible to have two local optimums where one corresponds to an aspect ratio of 1.0 and the other to a high aspect ratio.
Interactions between acidic matrix macromolecules and calcium phosphate ester crystals: relevance to carbonate apatite formation in biomineralization (1992)

Control over crystal growth by acidic matrix macromolecules is an important process in the formation of many mineralized tissues. Earlier studies on the interactions between acidic macromolecules and carboxylate- and carbonate-containing crystals showed that the proteins recognize a specific stereochemical motif on the interacting plane. Here we show that a similar stereochemical motif is recognized by acidic mollusc shell macromolecules interacting with four different organic calcium phosphate-containing crystals. In addition, an acidic protein from vertebrate tooth dentin was also observed to recognize a similar structural motif in one of the crystals. The characteristic motif recognized is composed of rows of calcium ions and phosphates arranged in a plane defined by two free oxygens and a phosphorus atom emerging perpendicular to the affected face. These observations may have a direct bearing on the manner in which control over crystal growth is exerted on carbonate apatite crystals commonly found in vertebrate tissues.