gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DeepUNet: A Deep Fully Convolutional Network for Pixel-Level Sea-Land Segmentation (2018)

Semantic segmentation is a fundamental research in optical remote sensing image processing. Because of the complex maritime environment, the sea-land segmentation is a challenging task. Although the neural network has achieved excellent performance in semantic segmentation in the last years, there were a few of works using CNN for sea-land segmentation and the results could be further improved. This paper proposes a novel deep convolution neural network named DeepUNet. Like the U-Net, its structure has a contracting path and an expansive path to get high-resolution optical output. But differently, the DeepUNet uses DownBlocks instead of convolution layers in the contracting path and uses UpBlock in the expansive path. The two novel blocks bring two new connections that are U-connection and Plus connection. They are promoted to get more precise segmentation results. To verify the network architecture, we construct a new challenging sea-land dataset and compare the DeepUNet on it with the U-Net, SegNet, and SeNet. Experimental results show that DeepUNet can improve 1-2% accuracy performance compared with other architectures, especially in high-resolution optical remote sensing imagery.
Social and cultural dimensions of hair loss in women treated for breast cancer (1994)

The chief goal of this exploratory study was to discover what a woman's own experience of her illness meant to her--how she thinks of herself as a woman and a person with a health problem. The study was exploratory in nature and designed to expand our conceptual thinking about health and illness and the delivery of health-care services. The study was qualitative, and the principal method was the semi-structured, indepth, face-to-face interview. All of the women in the study had been diagnosed with primary breast cancer and were in a variety of stages of treatment. What emerged from the study were explanatory stories that women constructed to chronicle their illness experience and interpret it. The theme under discussion here is hair loss as symbolic of larger cultural beliefs and values. Recommendations for interventions with women who experience hair loss as a traumatic event are offered in the context of a deeper cultural understanding of hair loss that is a consequence of cancer care.
A Comparison of Ion and Plasma Propulsion (1960)

Several important features and parameters of ion and plasma accelerators for propulsion are compared. Estimates for the thrust of individual ion and plasma acceleration units are given. Impulse measurements for a collinear electrode plasma accelerator are presented. The maximum thrust for an ion gun does not depend on the diameter of the beam, but primarily on the accelerating voltage. Because of the relatively small thrust of the ion accelerator, a greater number of them will be required for a given total amount of thrust. Estimates indicate that the ion accelerator may be somewhat more efficient; however, further experiments are needed to determine the efficiency of both types of accelerators. Beam neutralization is a problem peculiar to the ion accelerator. Considerable research and development may be necessary to provide a satisfactory method for neutralizing the ions. An estimate of the power for neutralization is made. The variation of efficiency with specific impulse is discussed. Further experiments are needed to determine the most efficient ranges of specific impulse for both types of accelerators. Erosion is a serious problem in electrical propulsion; however, for a plasma accelerator it may actually be utilized to provide the propellant material.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Acyltetronic Acids Using t‐Butyl Acetothioacetate: Total Synthesis of the Fungal Metabolites Carolic, Carlosic, and Carlic Acids. (1987)

Abstract Alkylation of the dianion generated from the acetothioacetate (I) yields the thioesters (III), which undergo transesterification to give the keto esters (V).
Efficient and practical constructions of LL/SC variables (2003)

Over the past decade, a pair of synchronization instructions known as LL/SC has emerged as the most suitable set of instructions to be used in the design of lock-free algorithms. However, no existing multiprocessor system supports these instructions in hardware. Instead, most modern multiprocessors support instructions such as CAS or RLL/RSC (e.g. POWER4, MIPS, SPARC, IA-64). This paper presents two efficient algorithms that implement 64-bit LL/SC from 64-bit CAS or RLL/RSC. Our results are summarized as follows.We present a practical algorithm for implementing a 64-bit LL/SC object from 64-bit CAS or RLL/RSC objects. Our result shows, for the first time, a practical way of simulating a 64-bit LL/SC memory word using 64-bit CAS memory words (or 64-bit RLL/RSC memory words), incurring only a small constant space overhead per process and a small constant factor slowdown.Although our first solution performs correctly in any practical system, its theoretical correctness depends on unbounded sequence numbers. We present a bounded algorithm that implements a 64-bit LL/SC object from 64-bit CAS or RLL/RSC objects, and has the same time and space complexities as the first algorithm.This and the previous algorithm improve on existing implementations of LL/SC objects by Anderson and Moir in 1995, and Moir in 1997.
[Antimicrobial peptides/proteins--application to the therapy of sepsis]. (1999)

Many antimicrobial peptides and proteins were discovered recently in various animals. Cecropins are insect-derived antimicrobial peptides which contain 35-39 amino acid residues. Magainins are amphibian-derived antimicrobial peptides with 21-27 amino acid residues. In mammals, defensins, 29-35 amino acid peptides, were identified in the granules of neutrophils and various epithelial cells. In addition, the granules of neutrophils in the mammal have been shown to have several antimicrobial proteins. Among them, bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) and cationic antimicrobial peptide-18 (CAP 18) have been found to have potent bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria and strong lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing function. The recombinant BPIs (recombinant BPI, 23-kDa N-terminal fragment of BPI, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein-BPI fusion protein) and synthetic peptides derived from C-terminal of CAP 18 are now under investigation for the application to the therapy of sepsis or septic shock.
Towards the Randomized <i>k</i>-Server Conjecture: A Primal-Dual Approach: (Extended Abstract) (2010)

Recently, Coté et al. [10] proposed an approach for solving the k-server problem on Hierchically Separated Trees (HSTs). In particular, they define a problem on a uniform metric, and show that if an algorithm with a certain refined guarantee exists for it, then one can obtain polylogarithmic (in diameter) competitive factors for the k-server problem on HSTs by solving this problem recursively. By designing such an algorithm for a two point metric, they obtained a logarithmic competitive algorithm for well-separated binary HSTs. Extending their result to uniform metrics on arbitrarily many points would imply a poly-logarithmic competitive algorithm for k-server on general HSTs (and hence general metrics) and is thus of major interest. Here, we design such an algorithm for any uniform metric, provided the instance satisfies a certain “convexity” property. Even though this does not give a result for k-server, convexity seems to be a very natural property, and we give evidence that instances arising in the Coté et al. [10] reduction from k-server essentially possess this property, suggesting that this might be a promising approach. Already, our setting is general enough to model the finely competitive paging problem proposed by Blum et al. [4], who motivated it as a first step towards achieving a polylog(k) competitive algorithm for k-server. Our result implies an r + O(log k)-competitive algorithm for finely competitive paging, resolving the main open problem of [4]. Our results are based on an extension of the primal-dual framework for online algorithms developed by Buchbinder and Naor [7]. The original approach works for problems whose offline version can be expressed as a packing or a covering linear program, possibly with box constraints. The online nature of the problem is modeled by revealing the constraints one by one and the requirement that variables can only be increased over time. Here, we consider more general types of constraints, where terms can be both positive and negative. Moreover, we allow the variables to both increase and decrease. This versatility allows us to model problems such as predicting with expert advice, which could not be modeled earlier. To show the simplicity and generality of this approach, we give an alternate O(log k)-competitive algorithm for weighted paging with a very simple proof. We also give an alternate primal-dual approach to design regret minimization algorithms for the problem of online prediction with expert advice. Our results suggest the possibility of a more general primal-dual framework for online problems beyond covering and packing LPs.
A fluorescence assay for rapid detection of ligand binding affinity to HIV-1 gp41 (2006)

The fusion-active conformation of the envelope protein gp41 of HIV-1 consists of an N-terminal trimeric alpha-helical coiled-coil domain and three anti-parallel C-terminal helices that fold down the grooves of the coiled-coil to form a six-helix bundle. Disruption of the six-helix bundle is considered to be a key component of an effective non-peptide fusion inhibitor. In the current study, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiment for the detection of inhibitor binding to the gp41 N-peptide coiled-coil of HIV-1 was performed, utilizing peptide inhibitors derived from the gp41 C-terminal helical region. The FRET acceptor is a 31-residue N-peptide containing a known deep hydrophobic pocket, stabilized into a trimer by ferrous ion ligation. The FRET donor is a 16-18-residue fluorophore-labeled C-peptide, designed to test the specificity of the N-C interaction. Low microM dissociation constants were observed, correlated to the correct sequence and helical propensity of the C-peptides. Competitive inhibition was demonstrated using the assay, allowing for rank ordering of peptide inhibitors according to their affinity in the 1-20 microM range. The assay was conducted by measuring fluorescence intensity in 384-well plates. The rapid detection of inhibitor binding may permit identification of novel drug classes from a library.
A precision microprocessor based five channel digital thermometer (2003)

A precision microprocessor-based multislope A/D converter has been designed. It has easily reconfigurable input circuitry that can be used to suit different applications. A low-cost design is presented which attains 16-bit resolution with drift and gain variations as low as 8 p.p.m./ degrees C. The converter is based on the MC6303 microcontroller and is part of a precise five-channel panel thermometer (thermocouple inputs), designed for industrial applications. It is self-contained and equipped with linearizing software and asynchronous communication channel for easy transfer of data to PCs. The analog circuitry of the converter is described in detail, together with the algorithm for correction of errors due to limitations of analog components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Forage Preservation Method Influences on Tannin Concentration, Intake, and Digestibility of Sericea Lespedeza by Sheep (1989)

Abstract Livestock do not like to graze high‐tannin (HT) sericea lespedeza [ Lespedeza cuneata (Dum‐Cours) G. Don], but readily consume it as hay. Intake and digestibility of fresh‐frozen (FF) and field‐dried (FD) HT and low‐tannin (LT) sericea were studied in a feeding trial with sheep (Ovis spp.) in a 2 ✕ 2 factorial with a 4 ✕ 4 Latin square arrangement of treatments. Tannin concentrations were 181,87,31, and 44 g kg ‐1 for HT‐FF, LT‐FF, HT‐FD, and LT‐FD sericea, respectively. There was no difference in digestibility due to preservation method, but HT‐FF was less digestible than LT‐FF [forage ✕ preservation method (P < 0.05)]. Digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, N, neutral detergent insoluble N, acid detergent insoluble N (ADIN), and intake of HT‐FF sericea were lower than LT‐FF or the FD forages. Decreased intake and digestibility of HT‐FF sericea were related to the high tannin concentration. Elevated fecal recovery of lignin and ADIN in sheep fed HT‐FF forage resulted in negative digestibilities and may be related to formation of insoluble tannin‐protein complexes in the digestive tract. Field drying decreased analyzable tannin concentration in HT sericea.
Effective web personalization system based on time and semantic relatedness (2016)

The key aspect in building a Web personalization system is the user's navigational pattern. However, the navigational pattern alone is insufficient to capture the user's interest and behavior. This paper proposes a novel web personalization system that accepts the timing information, semantic information along with the navigational pattern, and classifies the users according their interest and behavior on the site. The proposed model is validated by constructing a Web personalization model using the real and synthetic data and the results are promising.
Synucleinopathies (2001)

The synucleinopathies are a diverse group of neurodegenerative disorders that share a common pathologic lesion composed of aggregates of insoluble alpha-synuclein protein in selectively vulnerable populations of neurons and glia. Growing evidence links the formation of abnormal filamentous aggregates to the onset and progression of clinical symptoms and the degeneration of affected brain regions in neurodegenerative disorders. These disorders may share an enigmatic symmetry, i.e., missense mutations in the gene encoding for the disease protein (alpha-synuclein) cause familial variants of Parkinson disease as well as its hallmark brain lesions, but the same brain lesions also form from the corresponding wild-type brain protein in the more common sporadic varieties of Parkinson disease. It is likely that clarification of this enigmatic symmetry in 1 form of synucleinopathy will have a profound impact on understanding the mechanisms underlying all these disorders. Furthermore, these efforts will likely lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in regard to the synucleinopathies.
<i>mazF</i>as a counter-selectable marker for unmarked genetic modification of<i>Pichia pastoris</i> (2009)

In this study, we demonstrate a novel method for unmarked genetic modification of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, in which the Escherichia coli toxin gene mazF was used as a counter-selectable marker. mazF was placed under the tightly controlled AOX1 promoter, and the induced expression of MazF in P. pastoris halted cell growth. A modular plasmid was constructed in which mazF and a Zeocin resistance gene acted as counter-selectable and active-selectable markers, respectively, and the MazF-ZeoR cassette was flanked by two direct repeats for marker recycling. Linearized delivery vectors constructed from the modular plasmid were integrated into the P. pastoris genome via homologous recombination, introducing genetic modifications. Upon counter-selection with methanol medium, which induces the AOX1 promoter, the markers were recycled efficiently via homologous recombination between the direct repeats. We used this method successfully to knock-out the ARG1 and MET2 genes, knock-in a green fluorescent protein expression cassette, and perform site-directed mutagenesis on the ARG1 gene, all without introducing unwanted selection markers. The novel method allows repeated use of the selectable marker gene for multiple modifications and will be a useful tool for P. pastoris studies.
Electrochemical oxidation of organic compounds (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleElectrochemical oxidation of organic compoundsN. L. Weinberg and H. R. WeinbergCite this: Chem. Rev. 1968, 68, 4, 449–523Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60254a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60254a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11084Altmetric-Citations357LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemical separation of boron isotopes (1978)

This is the final report of the research performed at ORNL on the chemical fractionation of boron isotopes between BF/sub 3/ gas and the liquid molecular addition compounds of BF/sub 3/. Thirty compounds were studied, ten of them in detail. Graphs and equations are given for variation of isotopic equilibrium constant, vapor pressure, and BF/sub 3/ solubility as a function of temperature. Rate of isotopic exchange and melting points were determined. Several of the compounds are likely candidates for use in a gas-liquid countercurrent exchange system for large-scale separation of boron isotopes. 23 figs, 53 tables, 39 references.
Synthesis fo the hardware/software interface in microcontroller-based systems (1992)

Microcontroller-based systems require the design of a h ardw are/s oft w are int erfa ce that enables software running on the microcontroller to control external devices. This interface consists of the sequential logic that physically connects the devices to the microcontroller and the software drivers that allow code to access the device functions. This paper presents a method for automatically synthesizing this hardware/software interface using a recursive algorithm. Practical examples are used to demonstrate the utility of the method and results indicate that the synthesized circuit and driver code are comparable to that generated by human designers. This new tool will be used by higher-level synthesis tools to evaluate partitionings of a system between hardware and software components.
Sunlight-driven water-splitting using two-dimensional carbon based semiconductors (2018)

2D carbon semiconductors and composites are highly promising photocatalysts.
Tracking Persons using Particle Filter Fusing Visual and Wi-Fi Localizations for Widely Distributed Camera (2007)

This paper describes an object tracking scheme employs sensor fusion approach which is composed of visual information and location information estimated from Wi-Fi signals. Location information is calculated by a set of received signal strength values of beacon packets from Wi-Fi access points (APs) around the targets. Different from the conventional approaches which use another kind of sensors, our approach can cover wider areas both indoor and outdoor with lower cost because of characteristics of Wi-Fi signals. Particle filter is applied to combine these two different kinds of sensory input to track the target continuously. Wi-Fi observation model is involved in a conventional visual particle filtering scheme in order to evaluate importance weights of each particle. By using multiple modality, robust tracking performance is achieved even if reliability of one sensory input declines. In this paper, we present experimental results applied to outdoor surveillance camera environment.
Characterization of a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily that possibly represents an additional class of growth factor receptor. (1991)

We have screened cDNA libraries prepared from embryonic chicken tissues to isolate additional genes encoding growth factor receptors. Nucleotide sequencing of a cDNA encoding a gene, which we have termed klg, revealed it to represent an additional member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, which also possesses extensive sequence similarity to the protein-tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor genes. The klg gene was shown to encode a 140-kDa glycoprotein. However, the sequence of the tyrosine kinase domain is unusual in that the aspartate residue located within the highly conserved Asp-Phe-Gly triplet is replaced by an alanine residue. The presence of this aspartate has previously been found to be essential for tyrosine kinase activity. Consistent with the replacement of this aspartate, we were unable to detect any evidence of an associated kinase activity with the klg-encoded protein. These observations raise the possibility that the klg gene product represents a newly discovered class of receptor that plays a role in signal attenuation rather than signal propagation.
First-Line Chemotherapy with Vinorelbine and Paclitaxel as Simultaneous Infusion in Advanced Breast Cancer (2000)

Based on preclinical data showing a synergistic activity of simultaneous administration of vinorelbine and paclitaxel, we carried out a phase II trial in previously untreated advanced breast cancer patients. Treatment consisted of vinorelbine 25 mg/m(2) and paclitaxel 150 mg/m(2), both drugs given by intravenous infusion over 3 h on day 1, with cycles repeated every 3 weeks. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, 300 microg subcutaneously, was given on days 7-12 to the first 10 patients. From October 1995 to January 1997, 43 patients with advanced breast cancer entered the study, and 41 were evaluable for response. We obtained 2 complete responses (5%) and 18 partial responses (44%), for an overall response rate of 49% (95% CI 34-64%). Median time to response, time to progression and survival were 2, 7 and 22 months, respectively. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity, with G4 neutropenia in 21% and neutropenic fever in 7% of the patients. Other toxicities were mild. Simultaneous infusion of vinorelbine and paclitaxel is a well-tolerated and active regimen in metastatic breast cancer, with overall results similar to those reported with more toxic regimens; furthermore, it may be a good option in patients with anthracycline contraindications.
Coding for Reliable On-Chip Buses: A Class of Fundamental Bounds and Practical Codes (2007)

A reliable high-speed bus employing low-swing signaling can be designed by encoding the bus to prevent crosstalk and provide error correction. Coding for on-chip buses requires additional bus wires and codec circuits. In this paper, fundamental bounds on the number of wires required to provide joint crosstalk avoidance and error correction using memoryless codes are presented. The authors propose a code construction that results in practical codec circuits with the number of wires being within 35% of the fundamental bounds. When applied to a 10-mm 32-bit bus in a 0.13-mum CMOS technology with low-swing signaling, one of the proposed codes provides 2.14times speedup and 27.5% energy savings at the cost of 2.1times area overhead, but without any loss in reliability