gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical-chemical behavior of dietary and biliary lipids during intestinal digestion and absorption. 2. Phase analysis and aggregation states of luminal lipids during duodenal fat digestion in healthy adult human beings (1990)

Following the feeding of a triacylglycerol-rich meal to healthy adult human beings, duodenal contents were aspirated for ex vivo chemical and physical-chemical analyses. The aspirates were collected during established lipid digestion and absorption into a "cocktail" of chemical inhibitors that rapidly inhibited ex vivo lipolysis. Following ultracentrifugation, the lipids separated into a floating oil layer, several interfacial layers, a "clear" or turbid "subphase", and a precipitated "pellet". By chemical and phase analyses, the floating layer was composed of oil-in-water emulsion particles with cores of triacylglycerol (TG), diacylglycerols (DG), and cholesteryl esters (CE) emulsified with a surface coat of partially ionized fatty acids (FA), monoacylglycerols (MG), diacylphosphatidylcholine (PL), and bile salts (BS). The interfacial layers contained similar emulsion particles dispersed among excess emulsifier which adopted a lamellar liquid-crystalline structure. Precipitated pellets were composed principally of emulsifying lipids, with smaller amounts of crystalline calcium soaps and BS. Relative lipid compositions of all but three subphases fell within a two-phase region of the condensed ternary phase diagram (Staggers et al., 1990, companion paper) where saturated mixed micelles composed of BS, FA "acid-soaps", MG, PL, cholesterol (Ch), and traces of DG (and TG) coexisted with unilamellar liquid-crystalline vesicles composed of the same lipids. Attempts to achieve clean separation of vesicles from micelles by repeat ultracentrifugation failed. Compared with the structure and sizes of lipid particles in equilibrated model systems (Staggers et al., 1990), quasielastic light scattering (QLS) analysis revealed that ex vivo micellar sizes (mean hydrodynamic radii, Rh) were similar (less than or equal to 40 A), whereas unilamellar vesicle sizes (Rh = 200-600 A) were appreciably smaller. Two-component QLS analysis of the subphases showed that much larger proportions of lipids were solubilized by micelles than were dispersed as unilamellar vesicles. When followed as functions of time, vesicles frequently dissolved spontaneously into mixed micelles, indicating that, in the nonequilibrium in vivo conditions, the constituent micellar phase was often unsaturated with lipids. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, during hydrolysis of emulsified DG and TG by luminal lipases, unilamellar vesicles originate in lamellar liquid crystals that form at emulsion-water interfaces in the upper small intestine. In a BS-replete environment, unilamellar vesicles probably represent the primary dispersed product phase of human fat digestion and facilitate the dissolution of lipolytic products into unsaturated mixed micelles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Scale-recurrent Network for Deep Image Deblurring (2018)

In single image deblurring, the "coarse-to-fine" scheme, i.e. gradually restoring the sharp image on different resolutions in a pyramid, is very successful in both traditional optimization-based methods and recent neural-network-based approaches. In this paper, we investigate this strategy and propose a Scale-recurrent Network (SRN-DeblurNet) for this deblurring task. Compared with the many recent learning-based approaches in [25], it has a simpler network structure, a smaller number of parameters and is easier to train. We evaluate our method on large-scale deblurring datasets with complex motion. Results show that our method can produce better quality results than state-of-the-arts, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
RESCU - on-line real-time artificial intelligence (1987)

RESCU is a real-time expert system for production plants which was developed with the support of the Alvey Directorate and a 25-member club of users. This paper describes the system's structure and discusses its future uses.
GPS/INS integrated urban navigation system based on vehicle motion detection (2014)

Due to the effect of shielding from buildings and multipath interference, GPS/INS integrated navigation system is unable to meet the demand of practical application in urban environment. To solve this problem, a GPS/INS integrated urban navigation algorithm based on vehicle motion detection is researched. The algorithm provides vehicle estimated information such as relative position and attitude angle by the integrated Kalman filter. At the same time, a motion detection module is used to estimate its motion performance. This information can help the system locating and improve location precision when the signal of GPS is lost. The car test with low cost sensors shows that the system has high accuracy and can restrain the error cumulate when GPS without signal. So the system can satisfy the needs of vehicles navigation in urban environments.
Acousto-optic Figure of Merit Search (2015)

We present a method for searching for Bragg matched acousto-optic geometries that provide the largest acousto-optic figure of merit M2 for both isotropic and anisotropic diffraction. We apply our method to LiNbO3 and discuss the calculated results.
Synthesis of Urea-Tethered Neoglycoconjugates and Pseudooligosaccharides in Water (2006)

A novel approach to the synthesis of urea glycosides in aqueous media has been explored. Steyermark's glucopyranosyl oxazolidinone was found to be a good synthon for anchoring glucosyl moieties onto amines and thiols. The present method was successfully applied to establish a new route for the synthesis of urea-tethered neoglycoconjugates and pseudooligosaccharides in water.
THE EFFECT OF HYDRODYNAMIC SHEAR ON THE DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID FROM T <sub>2</sub> AND T <sub>4</sub> BACTERIOPHAGES (1959)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
<i>In Situ</i> Reactive Assembly of Scalable Core–Shell Sulfur–MnO<sub>2</sub> Composite Cathodes (2016)

The lithium-sulfur battery is the subject of much recent attention, but the polysulfide shuttle remains problematic owing to dissolution of intermediate polysulfide species in the electrolyte. Despite much effort in limiting such dissolution via physical confinement or chemical binding to the sulfur host materials, the high cost and complicated preparation of the related materials present an impediment to their practical application. Here we demonstrate a simple methodology to fabricate an effective nanometric MnO2 shell on sulfur particles, which is realized by an in situ redox reaction between sulfur and KMnO4 under ambient conditions. The bifunctional MnO2 shell provides physical confinement and chemical interaction and shows excellent efficiency for trapping the polysulfides. MnO2 sheets crystallized onto nanosized sulfur particles result in cathodes with a very low fading rate of 0.039% per cycle over 1700 cycles in Li-S cells. Moreover, directly crystallizing nanometric shells of MnO2 on micrometer-sized sublimed sulfur delivers stable Li-S cycling performance over 800 cycles. Since both sulfur and KMnO4 are inexpensive and widely used, the production of MnO2-coated sulfur composites can be easily scaled-up for practical applications of Li-S batteries in light of the very simple reaction processes involved.
Sensor Sequence Modeling for Driving. (2005)

Intelligent systems in automobiles need to be aware of the driving and driver context. Available sensor data stream has to be modeled and monitored in order to do so. Currently there exist no building blocks for hierarchical modeling of driving. By semi-supervised segmentation such building blocks can be discovered. We call them drivemes in analogy to phonemes. More parsimonious modeling of driving becomes now possible.
High-accuracy picosecond characterization of gain-switched laser diodes (1989)

A unique combination of the time-correlated photon-counting technique and single-photon avalanche diode detectors gives an accurate characterization of gain-switched semiconductor lasers with picosecond resolution. The high sensitivity and the clean shape of the time response reveal even small features (reflections and relaxation oscillations), making a true optimization of the laser-diode operation possible. The technique outperforms the standard characterization with ultrafast p-i-n photodiodes and a sampling oscilloscope. In addition, compared with other methods, it has favorable features that greatly simplify the measurement.
Serotoninergic agents in the treatment of isolated sleep paralysis (1982)

The authors report three cases of isolated sleep paralysis controlled by L-tryptophan with or without amitriptyline. Both agents increase CNS 5-hydroxytryptamine availability, whereas imipramine, which was ineffective in the one case in which it was tried, affects predominantly norepinephrine reuptake.
An Advanced Control System to Increase Glass Quality and Glass Production Yields Based on GS ESLLI Technology (2008)

ABSTRACT Energy prices keep increasing, so glass producers are looking for any solution improving energy efficiency of the glass making. At the same moment glass producers are convinced about the advantages of advanced control systems. It has been verified on many plants that such control type makes a glass melting process more consistent and stable. Its implementation gives to the glass producers a competitive advantage on the glass production field. The benefits are known to most glass producers. To stay a leader these days it is necessary to add something more to the process. The main accent lies in looking for complex problem solutions related to the process control - how to produce as cheap as possible (eg improve energy efficiency) while the high-quality glass production is preserved, how to minimize time for thejob changes, etc. At present, when the glass production needs to produce products of consistent excellent glass quality at high yield and low energy usage, it is almost impossible to control the production manually. Therefore a group of advanced control techniques was developed for an automatic control. One of commonly used is Model (based) Predictive Control (MPC). Correct using of MPC together with knowledge of glass production results in process stabilization, increasing glass quality and energy savings. Glass Service has developed the software package Expert System ES-Ill entirely determined for the control of a glass production process. It utilizes all advantages of MPC system plus a combination of Fuzzy control and Neural Networks. Some of these advanced techniques used in ES-Ill for glass production optimal control are described in this paper. Recent development targets use of the CFD (Computer Flow Dynamics) of the glass furnace as part of the control strategy using GS Glass Furnace Model (GS GFM).
A Novel <b> <i>Ex vivo</i> </b> Model System for Evaluation of Conditionally Replicative Adenoviruses Therapeutic Efficacy and Toxicity (2004)

The thin-slice model system represents a stringent method of ex vivo evaluation of novel replicative adenoviral vectors and allows assessment of human liver replication relative to human tumor replication. This is the first study to incorporate this system for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and replicative specificity of conditionally replicative adenoviruses. Also, the study is the first to provide a valid means for preclinical assay of potential conditionally replicative adenovirus-based hepatotoxicities, thus providing a powerful tool to determine therapeutic index for clinical translation of conditionally replicative adenoviruses.
GROUNDHIT - advancement in ground source heat pumps through EU support (2007)

Since summer 2004 the European Commission supports a project for R&D on advanced ground source heat pumps (GSHP). This project is coordinated by CRES (Greece), and connects partners from Austria, France, Germany, Poland, Portugal, and Romania. Beside the development of i mproved components an important goal is the transfer of e xperiences from the “classical” GSHP-countries into other regions, in particular East and South Europe and the Mediterranean. The first project phase aimed at the development of the following components: - Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) with good heat transfer efficiency and simple installation, in pa rticular for regions lacking experience in drilling and installation of BHE.
AN APPROACH TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF A ß-GLUCAN SOLUBILASE FROM BARLEY<sup>1</sup> (1988)

A ß-glucan solubilase activity was demonstrated in barley extract. This enzyme catalyzed the dissolution of barley ß-glucan by releasing a product having a narrow molecular weight distribution and a molecular weight of about 20,000. The enzyme was partially purified by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel permeation chromatography on Bio-Gel P-100. Although carboxypeptidase activity was present in the crude extract of barley flour the partially purified ß-glucan solubilase did not hydrolyse N-CBZ-Phe-ala. Examination of extracts from different barley tissues indicated that the ß-glucan solubilase activity was associated with the husks only; a large portion of the activity was extractable from whole barley kernels. About 85% of the enzyme activity in crude extracts from barley flour was retained after 40 min at 62°C. However, the enzyme was much more heat-labile in extracts of whole barley kernels. The pH of maximal activity was found to be about pH 5.7 and results from column chromatography suggested that the enzyme had a low pl value and a MW between 5 × 104 and 6 × 104.
Multiphoton microscopy of cleared mouse organs (2010)

Typical imaging depths with multiphoton microscopy (MPM) are limited to less than 300 mum in many tissues due to light scattering. Optical clearing significantly reduces light scattering by replacing water in the organ tissue with a fluid having a similar index of refraction to that of proteins. We demonstrate MPM of intact, fixed, cleared mouse organs with penetration depths and fields of view in excess of 2 mm. MPM enables the creation of large 3-D data sets with flexibility in pixel format and ready access to intrinsic fluorescence and second-harmonic generation. We present high-resolution images and 3-D image stacks of the brain, small intestine, large intestine, kidney, lung, and testicle with image sizes as large as 4,096 x 4,096 pixels.
Insulin‐like growth factors protect against diabetic neuropathy: Effects on sensory nerve regeneration in rats (1995)

Neuropathy is an enigmatic and debilitating complication of diabetes. A consensus as to the pathogenesis of this disorder has yet to emerge. Recently, it has been found that the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) regulate peripheral nerve regeneration, and IGF content is reduced in various diabetic tissues. We tested herein the hypothesis that IGF administration can prevent or ameliorate the impairment of sensory nerve regeneration in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Miniosmotic pumps released small local doses of IGF-I from a catheter routed near a site of sciatic nerve crush or larger systemic doses of IGF-I or IGF-II from a distant subcutaneous site. Whether administered locally or systemically, IGFs protected against the impairment of sensory nerve regeneration. Surprisingly, this protection was obtained despite unabated hyperglycemia. Therefore, the neuropathy involving sensory nerve regeneration in diabetes can be ameliorated or prevented by IGF treatment, independently of hyperglycemia.
The effects of temperature on supersonic jet noise emission (1992)

This paper examines the generation of sound produced by high temperature supersonic jets. In particular, the question of the importance of supersonic instability waves to noise emission is considered relative to the role of Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability waves. Here, these waves are taken to be synonymous with the Mach emission process. Jet total temperatures from 313 to 1534 K are investigated using an axisymmetric water cooled supersonic nozzle designed for Mach 2. The aerodynamic and acoustic results of this study indicate that the dominant noise contributors are the K-H waves over the entire temperature range. Good agreement between measured and numerically predicted plume properties are obtained and an elliptic nozzle is used to demonstrate reduction of the K-H waves.
Protein structure prediction by threading methods: Evaluation of current techniques (1995)

This paper evaluates the results of a protein structure prediction contest. The predictions were made using threading procedures, which employ techniques for aligning sequences with 3D structures to select the correct fold of a given sequence from a set of alternatives. Nine different teams submitted 86 predictions, on a total of 21 target proteins with little or no sequence homology to proteins of known structure. The 3D structures of these proteins were newly determined by experimental methods, but not yet published or otherwise available to the predictors. The predictions, made from the amino acid sequence alone, thus represent a genuine test of the current performance of threading methods. Only a subset of all the predictions is evaluated here. It corresponds to the 44 predictions submitted for the 11 target proteins seen to adopt known folds. The predictions for the remaining 10 proteins were not analyzed, although weak similarities with known folds may also exist in these proteins. We find that threading methods are capable of identifying the correct fold in many cases, but not reliably enough as yet. Every team predicts correctly a different set of targets, with virtually all targets predicted correctly by at least one team. Also, common folds such as TIM barrels are recognized more readily than folds with only a few known examples. However, quite surprisingly, the quality of the sequence-structure alignments, corresponding to correctly recognized folds, is generally very poor, as judged by comparison with the corresponding 3D structure alignments. Thus, threading can presently not be relied upon to derive a detailed 3D model from the amino acid sequence. This raises a very intriguing question: how is fold recognition achieved? Our analysis suggests that it may be achieved because threading procedures maximize hydrophobic interactions in the protein core, and are reasonably good at recognizing local secondary structure.
Biological Activity and Synthesis of an Encephalitogenic Determinant (1971)

A 45-residue fragment of the basic protein of myelin is encephalitogenic in the rabbit and monkey but relatively inactive in the guinea pig. Synthetic peptides containing the sequence of a tryptic peptide of the fragment Thr-Thr-His-Tyr-Gly-Ser-Leu-Pro-Gln-Lys are moderately encephalitogenic.
Optimizing style options for subresolution assist features (2001)

Sub-resolution assist features (SRAF) have been shown to provide significant process window enhancement and across chip line-width variation reduction when used in conjunction with modified illumination lithography. Work previously presented at this conference has focused on the optimization of sraf design rules that specify the predominantly one dimensional placement and width of assist features as a function of layout pitch. This paper will recount the optimization of SRAF style options that specify how SRAF are to behave in realistic two dimensional circuit layouts. Based on the work done to strike the correct balance between sraf manufacturability, CAD turnaround time, and lithographic benefit in IBM's early product implementation exercises, the evolution of sraf style options is presented. Using simulation as well as exposure data, this paper explores the effect of various two dimensional sraf layout solutions and demonstrates the use of model based verification in the optimization of sraf style options.
Contrast-enhanced MRI of the subdeltoid, subacromial bursa in painful and painless rotator cuff tears (2012)

Although enhancement of the subdeltoid/subacromial bursa was common, no evidence was found to support the hypothesis that bursal enhancement is associated with pain in rotator cuff tears. It is therefore unlikely to determine reliably which patients would benefit from rotator cuff repair. Advances in knowledge Bursal enhancement and thickening does not reliably correlate with symptoms or presence of rotator cuff tear.
Passively mode-locked diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 oscillator operating at ultra-low repetition rate (2006)

We demonstrate the operation of an ultra low repetition rate, high peak power, picosecond diode pumped Nd:YVO4 passively mode locked laser oscillator. Repetition rates even below 1 MHz were achieved with the use of a new design multiple-pass cavity and a semiconductor saturable absorber. Long term stable operation at 1.2 MHz, pulse duration of 16.3 ps and average output power of 470 mW corresponding to 24 KW peak power pulses is reported. This is, to our knowledge, the lowest repetition rate high peak power pulses ever generated directly from a picosecond laser resonator without cavity dumping.
Direct measurement of local dissolved oxygen concentration spatial profiles in a cell culture environment (2015)

Controlling local dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) in media is critical for cell or tissue cultures. Various biomaterials and culture methods have been developed to modulate DO. Direct measurement of local DO in cultures has not been validated as a method to test DO modulation. In the present study we developed a DO measurement system equipped with a Clark-type oxygen microelectrode manipulated with 1 μm precision in three-dimensional space to explore potential applications for tissue engineering. By determining the microelectrode tip position precisely against the bottom plane of culture dishes with rat or human cardiac cells in static monolayer culture, we successfully obtained spatial distributions of DO in the medium. Theoretical quantitative predictions fit the obtained data well. Based on analyses of the variance between samples, we found the data reflected "local" oxygen consumption in the vicinity of the microelectrode and the detection of temporal changes in oxygen consumption rates of cultured cells was limited by the diffusion rate of oxygen in the medium. This oxygen measuring system monitors local oxygen consumption and production with high spatial resolution, and can potentially be used with recently developed oxygen modulating biomaterials to design microenvironments and non-invasively monitor local DO dynamics during culture.
Synthesis of Carnosine and Related Peptides by the Phthaloyl Method<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Carnosine and Related Peptides by the Phthaloyl Method1Robert A. TurnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 10, 2388–2390Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01106a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views298Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (400 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts