gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An adaptive framework for distributed complex applications development (2002)

Complex application systems based on very high-speed networking are found in control systems, telecommunication management and transportation management. Such systems interact with a large and distributed environment that must be monitored, and have to process vast amounts of data within deadlines. The overall development of these applications must minimize costs and integrate different problem-solving techniques to deal with environmental changes. Our framework is based on a library of components that participate in the development of such applications. A distributed architecture is defined, with three agent categories: environment agents that represent the environment behavior, complex agents that process environment events, and supervisor agents that delegate the processing between the complex agents. The library of architecture components contains a family of scheduling techniques from which the best is selected according to the environment's behavior. Our approach is based on experiments at the design phase to generate a rule base that associates suitable scheduling techniques with environment behaviors. During the complex system's run-time, each significant environment behavioral change triggers the generated rule base in order to select and plug in the most suitable scheduling technique. The complex agent architecture components and behavior are reusable for complex applications development. Abstract classes of actions that compose the main architectural components are common to these applications and can be instantiated differently by application-dependent actions.
A New Approach to the Wavelength Nonuniformity Problem of Silicon Photonic Microrings (2011)

Light modulators and switches based on silicon photonic microrings can be fabricated with the conventional CMOS technology. For the first time, an optical interconnect integrated on a VLSI electronic die can be realistically envisioned. In spite of this exciting development, there is still one fundamental problem that must be overcome: wavelength nonuniformity, which is a result of miniaturization of the ring and the precision limit of the current fabricating process. Existing electronic or thermo-optical tuning methods are simply not scalable. An approach that combines techniques from both the device and architecture point of view is presented in this paper. It intends to show how the device-level wavelength nonuniformity problem can be tackled at the architecture level. An analytical model is also developed for evaluating the probability of finding a common wavelength among multiple microring resonators. The model can provide useful insights into the design of any microring-based interconnection network.
Usefulness of the immunogold technique in quantitation of a soluble protein in ultra-thin sections. (1987)

We used a model system to study whether measurements of absolute local antigen concentrations at the electron microscopic level are feasible by counting immunogold labeling density in ultra-thin sections. The model system consisted of a matrix of a variable concentration of gelatin, which was mixed with given concentrations of rat pancreas amylase and fixed according to various fixation protocols. With a relatively mild fixation, there was no clear proportionality between anti-amylase gold labeling and amylase concentration in ultra-thin cryosections. This was presumably due to uncontrolled loss of amylase from the sections. After stronger fixation with 2% glutaraldehyde for 4 hr, labeling density reflected the amylase concentration very well. We observed that matrix (gelatin) density influenced labeling density. A low gelatin concentration of 5% allowed penetration of immunoreagents into the cryosection, resulting in a high and variable labeling density. In gelatin concentrations of 10% and 20%, labeling density was lower but proportional to amylase concentration. To establish an equal (minimal) penetration of immunoreagents, we embedded model blocks with different matrix densities in polyacrylamide (PAA). In ultra-thin cryosections of these PAA-embedded blocks, anti-amylase labeling was proportional to amylase concentration even at a low (5%) gelatin concentration. Anti-amylase labeling in ultra-thin sections from Lowicryl K4M low temperature-embedded blocks was higher than in PAA sections, but the results were less consistent and depended to some extent on matrix density. These results, together with the earlier observation that acrylamide completely penetrates intracellular compartments (Slot JW, Geuze HJ: Biol Cell 44:325, 1982), demonstrate that it is possible to measure true intracellular concentrations of soluble proteins in situ using ultra-thin cryosections of PAA-embedded tissue.
Food allergies (1995)

Food allergic reactions affect about 2% of the general population (slightly higher in young children), although they are perceived to be much more frequent. In young children, allergic gastroenteropathies constitute approximately one half of the food allergic reactions. With increasing information about the presentation, natural history, histologic findings, and immunologic mechanisms involved in allergic gastroenteropathies, specific disease entities can be defined. Recent information suggests that certain prophylactic strategies may be effective in preventing some food allergic disorders and that institution of appropriate therapeutic modalities generally leads to prompt resolution of symptoms and eventual loss of specific food allergies.
Dystrophin colocalizes with beta-spectrin in distinct subsarcolemmal domains in mammalian skeletal muscle (1992)

Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence or drastic decrease of the structural protein, dystrophin, and is characterized by sarcolemmal lesions in skeletal muscle due to the stress of contraction. Dystrophin has been localized to the sarcolemma, but its organization there is not known. We report immunofluorescence studies which show that dystrophin is concentrated, along with the major muscle isoform of beta-spectrin, in three distinct domains at the sarcolemma: in elements overlying both I bands and M lines, and in occasional strands running along the longitudinal axis of the myofiber. Vinculin, which has previously been found at the sarcolemma overlying the I bands and in longitudinal strands, was present in the same three structures as spectrin and dystrophin. Controls demonstrated that the labeling was intracellular. Comparison to labeling of the lipid bilayer and of the extracellular matrix showed that the labeling for spectrin and dystrophin is associated with the intact sarcolemma and is not a result of processing artifacts. Dystrophin is not required for this lattice-like organization, as similar domains containing spectrin but not dystrophin are present in muscle from the mdx mouse and from humans with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. We discuss the possibility that dystrophin and spectrin, along with vinculin, may function to link the contractile apparatus to the sarcolemma of normal skeletal muscle.
Security Constrained Dispatch at the New York Power Pool (1982)

This paper describes the Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCD) System implemented at the New York Power Poo The Economic Dispatch program uses the differential algorithm coupled with the revised simplex technique with bounding to produce an optimal generation schedule with security constraints. The constraints used in the initial program implementation consist of generator limitations and transniission line constraints selected by the power system dispatcher. Generator limitations include megawatt minimums and maximums, response rate and regulation constraints. Curreritly 228 lines and transformer banks are monitored, operating at voltage levels ranging from 765 kV to 69 kV.
Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Engineered Structural Materials (1980)

Fiber-reinforced composites are an emerging new class of engineering materials. The ability to tailor-make composite materials and structures offers exciting opportunities for a broad spectrum of industrial applications. This article reviews the nature of fiber-reinforced polymer composites, their characteristics and properties, and the manufacturing and fabrication processes involved in composite production. The automotive industry is used as an example of the striking potential of composites as structural materials and the issues involved in bringing this potential into reality.
Dual Chemical Role of Ag as an Additive in Chalcogenide Glasses (1999)

Ternary $({\mathrm{Ge}}_{x}{\mathrm{Se}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{)}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Ag}}_{y}$ bulk glasses in the Se-rich region $(x<\frac{1}{3})$ are shown to be intrinsically phase separated into an ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{2}\mathrm{Se}$-rich glass and a residual ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{t}{\mathrm{Se}}_{1\ensuremath{-}t}$ backbone ( $t>x$ at $y\ensuremath{\ne}0$) with Ag acting as a network modifier. The existence of an ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{2}\mathrm{Se}$ glass with a ${T}_{g}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}230\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ is explained quantitatively in terms of constraint counting algorithms. In contrast, Ge-rich glasses $(x\ensuremath{\ge}\frac{2}{5})$ are homogeneous, wherein Ag acts as a network former, replacing available Ge sites of the backbone to be 3-fold coordinated to Se.
Line-narrowed fluorescence spectra and site-dependent transition probabilities of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Nd</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>in oxide and fluoride glasses (1978)

The fluorescence spectra, branching ratios, and decay of the $^{4}F_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ in glass were measured under excitation by tunable pulsed laser radiation. The following glass types were studied: silicate, phosphate, borate, fluoroberyllate, and fluorophosphate. Measurements were made at liquid-helium temperatures by exciting into the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state, and line-narrowed fluorescence spectra were obtained as a function of excitation wavelength. Large variations in Stark splitting of the $^{4}I_{\frac{9}{2}}$ and $^{4}I_{\frac{11}{2}}$ states have been observed and attributed to site-to-site differences in the local crystal field. The probabilities for radiative decay and for nonradiative decay by multiphonon emission also exhibit variations with excitation wavelength. Although similarities exist, each different glass type shows its own distinctive patterns of variation in crystal-field splitting and relative quantum efficiency. In the fluorophosphate glass, which contains large numbers of both fluorine and oxygen anions, comparison of the laser-excited fluorescence spectra and lifetime of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ with the corresponding results from pure oxide and fluoride glasses demonstrates the presence of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ sites having both fluorine and oxygen nearest-neighbor coordination.
Thermoplastic Recording (1959)

A new method is described for recording electrical signals. Information is written at extremely high density by means of an electron beam on a film consisting of a low melting thermoplastic material. This can be projected as a full color image, or can be converted to an electrical signal. The tape, which is processed by quick heating, can be readily erased and reused.
1,4-Dihydropyridines as antagonists of platelet activating factor. 1. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-(4-heterocyclyl)phenyl derivatives (1992)

A novel class of 2-(4-heterocyclylphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridines (2-38) possessing antagonist activity against platelet activating factor (PAF) was prepared by the Hantzsch synthesis from a variety of ethyl 4'-heterocyclic-substituted benzoylacetates, aryl or heteroaryl aldehydes, and substituted 3-aminocrotonamides or 3-aminocrotonate esters. Structure-activity relationships were evaluated where PAF antagonist activity was measured in vitro by determining the concentration of compound (IC50) required to inhibit the PAF-induced aggregation of rabbit washed platelets, and in vivo by determining the oral dose (ED50) which protected mice from a lethal injection of PAF. The nature of the substituent at the dihydropyridine 2-position was found to be important for both in vitro and in vivo activity, whereas there was greater flexibility for structural variation at the 4- and 5-positions. The most potent compound was 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-6-methyl-2-[4-(2- methylimidazo[4,5-c]pyrid-1-yl)phenyl]-5-[N-(2- pyridyl)carbamoyl]pyridine (17, UK-74,505), IC50 = 4.3 nM, ED50 = 0.26 mg/kg po, which was found to be approximately 33 times more potent in vitro (rabbit platelet aggregation) and about 8 times more potent in vivo (murine lethality) than WEB2086. Compound 17 also exhibited a long duration of action in the dog (inhibition of PAF-induced whole blood aggregation ex vivo was maintained for greater than 24 h following a single oral dose of 75 micrograms/kg) and was highly selective as a PAF antagonist, showing only weak affinity (IC50 = 6600 nM) for the [3H]nitrendipine binding site. As a result of its high oral potency, selectivity, and duration of action, UK-74,505 has been selected for clinical evaluation.
Hybrid WDM/SCMA-PON using wavelength-locked fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser diodes (2006)

We propose a large-capacity hybrid passive optical network (PON) with a wavelength-sharing technique achieved by applying subcarrier multiple access on each single channel of a wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) PON. We also use forward-error correction to reduce the effect of optical beat interference noise. We demonstrate three-subchannel sharing in a 100-GHz-spaced WDM-PON to accommodate three times more subscribers simultaneously at a fully dedicated connection rate of 125 Mb/s.
Survey of topical oral solutions for the treatment of chemo-induced oral mucositis (2005)

Most institutions in the country formulate their topical solution, or magic mouthwash, with a variety of ingredients. There is a need to standardize the ingredients used to compound the magic mouthwash, in order to fully evaluate the efficacy of the solution to manage CIOM.
LC/MS/MS of carbohydrates with postcolumn addition of metal chlorides using triaxial electrospray probe (1995)

A new technique for on-line postcolumn addition (PCA) formation and tandem electrospray mass spectrometry of carbohydrate-metal complexes is presented. A metal chloride solution is added to a carbohydrate sample directly within the ion source of the mass spectrometer. Using a triaxial electrospray probe, this technique can be applied to form carbohydrate-metal complexes on-line, without the need of previously mixing the carbohydrate and metal chloride. Two basic tasks may be accomplished: structural analysis and sensitivity enhancement. The performance of this approach is demonstrated through PCA of LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, and CoCl2, introduced via the triaxial probe after chromatographic separation of two four-component carbohydrate mixtures. Each metal-carbohydrate complex is subsequently analyzed by on-line MS and MS/MS. This technique is used to enhance sensitivity and also, in the case of cobalt coordination, to assist in carbohydrate structural elucidation. On-line LC/MS with PCA of LiCl was achieved with as little as 1.7 pmol of oligosaccharide (average consumed amount, 1.7 pmol with 1 microL of a 10 pmol/microL carbohydrate test mixture injection).
DUCTILE REGIME SINGLE POINT DIAMOND TURNING OF QUARTZ RESULTING IN AN IMPROVED AND DAMAGE-FREE SURFACE (2011)

Quartz (fused silica) is one of the advanced engineered ceramic materials designed to operate in extreme environments. The mechanics of material removal in glass (Quartz) can be classified into two categories; brittle fracture and ductile plastic deformation. Good optical quality surfaces can be achieved by removing the material in a ductile manner. The strength, hardness and fracture toughness of the workpiece material are the governing factors that control the extent of brittle fracture. The main goal of the subject research is to improve the surface quality of Quartz to be used as an optic device (mirrors and windows) via single point diamond turning (SPDT). Sub-surface damage analysis was carried out on the machined sample using Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAcM). Surface roughness (Ra) values of less than 45 nm without sub surface damage were obtained. Tool wear was also investigated.
Perimenopause and emergence of an Alzheimer’s bioenergetic phenotype in brain and periphery (2017)

After advanced age, female sex is the major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biological mechanisms underlying the increased AD risk in women remain largely undetermined. Preclinical studies identified the perimenopause to menopause transition, a neuroendocrine transition state unique to the female, as a sex-specific risk factor for AD. In animals, estrogenic regulation of cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc) falters during perimenopause. This is evident in glucose hypometabolism and decline in mitochondrial efficiency which is sustained thereafter. This study bridges basic to clinical science to characterize brain bioenergetics in a cohort of forty-three, 40-60 year-old clinically and cognitively normal women at different endocrine transition stages including premenopause (controls, CNT, n = 15), perimenopause (PERI, n = 14) and postmenopause (MENO, n = 14). All participants received clinical, laboratory and neuropsychological examinations, 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG)-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) FDG-PET scans to estimate CMRglc, and platelet mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity measures. Statistical parametric mapping and multiple regression models were used to examine clinical, CMRglc and COX data across groups. As expected, the MENO group was older than PERI and controls. Groups were otherwise comparable for clinical measures and distribution of APOE4 genotype. Both MENO and PERI groups exhibited reduced CMRglc in AD-vulnerable regions which was correlated with decline in mitochondrial COX activity compared to CNT (p's<0.001). A gradient in biomarker abnormalities was most pronounced in MENO, intermediate in PERI, and lowest in CNT (p<0.001). Biomarkers correlated with immediate and delayed memory scores (Pearson's 0.26≤r≤0.32, p≤0.05). These findings validate earlier preclinical findings and indicate emergence of bioenergetic deficits in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, suggesting that the optimal window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention in women is early in the endocrine aging process.
Electromagnetic Considerations for a Six-Phase Switched Reluctance Motor Driven by a Three-Phase Inverter (2016)

The switched reluctance machine (SRM) offers advantages over other topologies, but low torque density, high torque ripple, and use of a nonstandard power converter are limitations. This paper develops a drive configuration, which facilitates the operation of a six-phase SRM using a standard three-phase inverter in order to address these limitations. The focus of the paper is an investigation of electromagnetic design aspects of two candidate SRM topologies in this six-phase context for a pure electric or hybrid electric vehicle-type application. Advances are made in the understanding of the electromagnetic design of suitable SRMs, and the conventional SRM is demonstrated as the preferred topology through parametric and finite-element analysis (FEA) design studies with reference to a given specification. Laboratory test results for a prototype machine are presented in verification of the machine design and demonstration of this drive concept as a high-torque-density candidate suitable for electric vehicle applications.
Tensile, Torsional and Bending Strain at the Adhesive Rupture of an Iced Substrate (2009)

In order to develop an effective deicing device using mechanical deformation of substrates, the adhesive and/or cohesive strains of ice at rupture were measured for three different modes of solicitation: tensile, twisting and bending. A total of 108 icing/deicing tests were conducted with aluminum and nylon samples covered with hard rime ice deposits 2, 5, and 10 mm thick strained at various strains rates in brittle regime at −10°C. Real time deformation was precisely monitored using a strain gage fixed to the A1 interface, and force by means of load cells and a torque-meter. Deicing strain was determined at the time of ice detachment, which corresponds to a visible, instant change in the slope of stress-strain curves. The mean values of deicing strains, ε %, measured in tensile, torsion and bending experiments are respectively, 0.037 ± 0.015%, 0.043 ± 0.023% and 0.004 ± 0.003% As for adhesion strength, the highest values were obtained in tension, 4 MPa ± 50%, and the lowest in bending, 0.014 MPa ± 36%. In torsion, the value was intermediary, at 1.26 MPa ± 67%. Measurements also showed that deicing stress and strain tended to increase with substrate roughness, whereas they decrease with increasing ice thicknesses. In summary, this work points out the effects of two major factors on ice adhesion strength, the solicitation mode and the ice thickness. Finally these results suggest that the first criteria for a mechanical deicing device has to satisfy to be effective is to have the capacity to generating a strain at around 0.04% ice/substrate interface.
Digital superresolution and the generalized sampling theorem (2007)

The technique of reconstructing a higher-resolution (HR) image of size MLxML by digitally processing LxL subpixel-shifted lower-resolution (LR) copies of it, each of size MxM, has now become well established. This particular digital superresolution problem is analyzed from the standpoint of the generalized sampling theorem. It is shown both theoretically and by computer simulation that the choice of regularly spaced subpixel shifts for the LR images tends to maximize the robustness and minimize the error of reconstruction of the HR image. In practice, since subpixel-level control of LR image shifts may be nearly impossible to achieve, however, a more likely scenario, which is also discussed, is one involving random subpixel shifts. It is shown that without reasonably tight bounds on the range of random shifts, the reconstruction is likely to fail in the presence of even small amounts of noise unless either reliable prior information or additional data are available.
Characterization of Human p33/41 (Annexin IV), a Ca2+ Dependent Carbohydrate-Binding Protein with Monoclonal Anti-annexin IV Antibodies, AS11 and AS17. (1997)

p33/41 (annexin IV) is a member of the family of Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid binding proteins known as annexins. We previously described that bovine kidney p33/41 (annexin IV) has Ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate binding activity. In this study, we purified human p33/41 (annexin IV) from the HT29, human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, as well as the bovine kidney annexin by affinity chromatography. Then, we prepared recombinant human p33/41 (annexin IV) expressed in Escherichia coli. The apparent size and the Ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate binding properties of purified recombinant p33/41 (annexin IV) were indistinguishable from those of the bovine kidney protein. We also performed inhibition assays of carbohydrate binding and of phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine liposome binding of recombinant p33/41 (annexin IV) with anti-p33/41 monoclonal antibodies (AS11 and AS17). We determined the epitopes recognized by the monoclonal antibodies by Western blot analysis using deleted-recombinant p33/41 (annexin IV). The monoclonal antibodies recognized domain 1 and/or 2 of p33/41 (annexin IV). The results of the inhibition assays and the determination of the epitope showed that a carbohydrate binding site is located at domains 3 and 4 of p33/41 (annexin IV) and on the cell surface.