gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Replacing Phenyl Ring with Thiophene: An Approach to Longer Wavelength Aza-dipyrromethene Boron Difluoride (Aza-BODIPY) Dyes (2011)

In the orignial 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyl aza-BODIPY, replacing the phenyl rings with thiophene achieved significant bathochromic shifts. One of the target molecules, DPDTAB, emitting strong NIR fluorescence with a quantum yield of 0.46 in acetonitrile, is a very competitive NIR fluorophore.
Improved etch characteristics of SiO2 by the enhanced inductively coupled plasma (2001)

The generation of active species for silicon dioxide etch and the formation of passivation layers on Si or photoresist is important for etching contact holes of high aspect ratio in sub-half-micron technology. Some methods use a process gas with high C/F ratio chemistry, such as C4F8, and/or apply a pulsed plasma technique, or radical control by chamber-wall modification. As a simple novel method, enhanced inductively coupled plasma (E-ICP) is expected to control the plasma characteristics by changing its E-ICP frequency; we tested the feasibility of using E-ICP for the process of contact hole etching. Scanning electron microscope images of etched profiles for micropatterns of 1 and 0.3 μm are shown to compare to the results by CW-ICP, magnetized-ICP, and E-ICP.
Sex steroid deficiency–associated bone loss is microbiota dependent and prevented by probiotics (2016)

A eubiotic microbiota influences many physiological processes in the metazoan host, including development and intestinal homeostasis. Here, we have shown that the intestinal microbiota modulates inflammatory responses caused by sex steroid deficiency, leading to trabecular bone loss. In murine models, sex steroid deficiency increased gut permeability, expanded Th17 cells, and upregulated the osteoclastogenic cytokines TNFα (TNF), RANKL, and IL-17 in the small intestine and the BM. In germ-free (GF) mice, sex steroid deficiency failed to increase osteoclastogenic cytokine production, stimulate bone resorption, and cause trabecular bone loss, demonstrating that the gut microbiota is central in sex steroid deficiency-induced trabecular bone loss. Furthermore, we demonstrated that twice-weekly treatment of sex steroid-deficient mice with the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) or the commercially available probiotic supplement VSL#3 reduces gut permeability, dampens intestinal and BM inflammation, and completely protects against bone loss. In contrast, supplementation with a nonprobiotic strain of E. coli or a mutant LGG was not protective. Together, these data highlight the role that the gut luminal microbiota and increased gut permeability play in triggering inflammatory pathways that are critical for inducing bone loss in sex steroid-deficient mice. Our data further suggest that probiotics that decrease gut permeability have potential as a therapeutic strategy for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Effects of a Low-Dose Amino Acid Supplement on Adaptations to Cycling Training in Untrained Individuals (1997)

The purpose of this study was to determine if amino acid supplementation influences blood and muscle lactate response to exercise and the time course of the metabolic adaptations to training. Two groups of untrained males (n = 7 each) were given (double-blind) a daily supplement (2.9 g.day-1) containing a mixture of leucine, isoleucine, valine, glutamine, and carnitine (EXP) or 3 g.day-1 of lactose (CON). Following 7 days of supplementation there was no significant change in VO2peak, time to exhaustion (TTX) at 120% VO2peak, or muscle and blood lactate in either EXP or CON. Subjects then initiated 6 weeks of combined aerobic and anaerobic training on a Monark cycle ergometer. It was found that amino acid supplementation had no effect on either blood or muscle lactate accumulation during exercise, while supplementation resulted in a faster adaptation in buffer capacity. Performance during intense exercise was not improved with amino acid supplementation.
The Prevalence of FOXP3 <sup>+</sup> Regulatory T-Cells in Peripheral Blood of Patients with NSCLC (2009)

We have studied CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+) regulatory T-cells (T(regs)) from 51 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 33 healthy donors. Regulatory T-cells were identified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting by using a panel of antibodies and by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis for FOXP3 expression. Functional studies were done to analyze their inhibitory role. Finally, regulatory T-cells were analyzed in malignant pleura effusion (PE) from patients with NSCLC. Patients with NSCLC have increased numbers of CD4(+)CD25(high) FOXP3(+) T(regs) in their peripheral blood and pleura effusion (PE), which express high levels of CTLA-4, GITR. These cells were anergic toward T-cell receptor stimulation and, when cocultured with activated CD4(+)CD25(-) cells, potently suppressed their proliferation and cytokine secretion. Our data suggest that in NSCLC patients, there is an increase of CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+) regulatory T-cells in the peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment. These T-cells might prevent effective antitumor immune responses, and the increase in frequency of CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+) Tregs might play a role in the modulation of the immune response against NSCLC and could be important in the design of immunotherapeutic approaches.
Dissimilar wavefront technique for linear and quadratic chirps (1995)

In this paper, we discuss and characterise two variations on the dissimilar wavefront technique 1 that give near-linearly and quadratically chirped gratings. This technique is advantageous over others that have been proposed for the fabrication of chirped gratings because of its simplicity and flexibility. A high level of bandwidth control is demonstrated for gratings of bandwidths in the range of 0.5-23nm.
Independent primary-side controller applied to wireless chargers for electric vehicles (2014)

Electric vehicles rely on batteries that need to be frequently recharged. As an alternative to conductive charging, wireless chargers provide a higher reliability to pollution and electric failures and they also extend the situations and places where the recharge could be available without user's intervention (e.g. parking spaces, on-road). In order to optimize the performance of a wireless charger, its configuration should be dynamically adapted to the varying battery's electrical features. Towards this goal, controllers are incorporated into the system to modify the behavior of some switching devices belonging to the power electronics blocks. This paper presents a controller that acts in the DC/DC structure placed in the primary side. As a novelty, the controller infers the instantaneous battery power demands by exclusively measuring voltage and current in the primary side. In this way, there is no need for communicating (via wired or wireless links) the primary and the secondary sides. The simulation results show the ability of the controller to adapt to different battery states.
Introgression of Novel Traits from a Wild Wheat Relative Improves Drought Adaptation in Wheat   (2013)

Root architecture traits are an important component for improving water stress adaptation. However, selection for aboveground traits under favorable environments in modern cultivars may have led to an inadvertent loss of genes and novel alleles beneficial for adapting to environments with limited water. In this study, we elucidate the physiological and molecular consequences of introgressing an alien chromosome segment (7DL) from a wild wheat relative species (Agropyron elongatum) into cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum). The wheat translocation line had improved water stress adaptation and higher root and shoot biomass compared with the control genotypes, which showed significant drops in root and shoot biomass during stress. Enhanced access to water due to higher root biomass enabled the translocation line to maintain more favorable gas-exchange and carbon assimilation levels relative to the wild-type wheat genotypes during water stress. Transcriptome analysis identified candidate genes associated with root development. Two of these candidate genes mapped to the site of translocation on chromosome 7DL based on single-feature polymorphism analysis. A brassinosteroid signaling pathway was predicted to be involved in the novel root responses observed in the A. elongatum translocation line, based on the coexpression-based gene network generated by seeding the network with the candidate genes. We present an effective and highly integrated approach that combines root phenotyping, whole-plant physiology, and functional genomics to discover novel root traits and the underlying genes from a wild related species to improve drought adaptation in cultivated wheat.
Hexamethylmelamine in alkylating agent-resistant ovarian carcinoma (1978)

Twenty-one patients with advanced ovarian cancer proven resistant to standard alkylating chemotherapy were evaluated in a prospective study of Hexamethylmelamine. All but three patients received 8 mg/kg daily with dose modifications appropriate to the degree of toxicity; the latter three patients were treated on an intermittent 14 day course of 8 mg/kg daily. Six patients (28%) experienced an objective response with a median duration of 2.5 months (range 1--5 months). The toxic effects requiring dose modification were gastrointestinal in 57%, hematologic in 62%, and neurologic in 28.5%. An average of 60.5% of the total projected dose was tolerated for a median of 44 days (range 7--113). Twelve patients (57%) experienced severe toxicity requiring discontinuation of therapy. It is apparent from this study that Hexamethylmelamine is an active agent in ovarian cancer and is not invariably cross-resistant to conventional alkylating agent therapy. These two characteristics make it an attractive agent for use in combination. Its toxicity in previously treated patients in the schedules used here, however, is substantial.
Genes Determining the Course of Virus Persistence in the Liver: Lessons from Murine Infection with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (2010)

More than 500 million people worldwide are persistently infected with either hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Although both viruses are poorly cytopathic, persistent infection causes severe immunopathologic damage to liver tissue; histologically, such damage is characterized by fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and a higher likelihood of hepatocellular carcinoma. Virus-specific CD8+ T cells play a crucial role during infection with hepatitis viruses. On the one hand, rapid activation of CD8+ T cells can control the virus and therefore inhibit its persistence. On the other hand, once the virus persists in the liver, the chronic activation of virus-specific T cells leads to continued liver cell damage. This double-edged role of CD8+ T cells determines the final outcome of infection. In half of cases of human HCV infection, the virus persists; in the other half, the virus is controlled. Additional insights into the molecular mechanisms that determine the course of the disease may be gained from the study of appropriate murine models. This review discusses the similarities and differences between infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice and chronic infection with hepatitis virus in humans.
Chromosomal analysis of non-small-cell lung cancer by multicolour fluorescent in situ hybridisation (2004)

The cytogenetic abnormalities in non-small-cell lung cancer remain elusive due primarily to the difficulty in obtaining metaphase spreads from solid tumours. We have used the molecular cytogenetic techniques of multicolour fluorescent in situ hybridisation (M-FISH) and comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) to analyse four primary non-small-cell lung cancer samples and two established cell lines (COR-L23 and COR-L105) in order to identify common chromosomal aberrations. CGH revealed regions on 5p, 3q, 8q, 11q, 2q, 12p and 12q to be commonly over-represented and regions on 9p, 3p, 6q, 17p, 22q, 8p, 10p, 10q and 19p to be commonly under-represented. M-FISH revealed numerous complex chromosomal rearrangements. Translocations between chromosomes 5 and 14, 5 and 11 and 1 and 6 were observed in three of the six samples, with a further 14 translocations being observed in two samples each. Loss of the Y chromosome and gains of chromosomes 20 and 5p were also frequent. Chromosomes 4, 5, 8, 11, 12 and 19 were most frequently involved in interchromosomal translocations. Further investigation of the recurrent aberrations will be necessary to identify the specific breakpoints involved and any role they may have in the aetiology, diagnosis and prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer.
Synthesis of Pentacoordinate Phosphorus Haptens for Catalytic Antibody Production. Bait and Switch Concept (1996)

Abstract: Formylphosphonate hydrate has been synthesised by the oxidation of diazomethylphosphonate with dimethyldioxirane (DMD) and its reactions, including the formation of imines, oximes, and Wittig olefination products, have been investigated. Formylphosphonate also acts as an efficient, selective formylating agent of secondary amines. β-Ketophosphonic acids derived from a range of amino acids have been prepared by the tin (II) chloride-catalysed reaction of diazomethylphosphonate with amino aldehydes and in certain cases shown to be potent inhibitors of leucine aminopeptidase.
Towards Associative Skill Memories (2012)

Movement primitives as basis of movement planning and control have become a popular topic in recent years. The key idea of movement primitives is that a rather small set of stereotypical movements should suffice to create a large set of complex manipulation skills. An interesting side effect of stereotypical movement is that it also creates stereotypical sensory events, e.g., in terms of kinesthetic variables, haptic variables, or, if processed appropriately, visual variables. Thus, a movement primitive executed towards a particular object in the environment will associate a large number of sensory variables that are typical for this manipulation skill. These association can be used to increase robustness towards perturbations, and they also allow failure detection and switching towards other behaviors. We call such movement primitives augmented with sensory associations Associative Skill Memories (ASM). This paper addresses how ASMs can be acquired by imitation learning and how they can create robust manipulation skill by determining subsequent ASMs online to achieve a particular manipulation goal. Evaluation for grasping and manipulation with a Barrett WAM/Hand illustrate our approach.
X-Ray ?Detector with CMOS Sensor Camera Application of Calcium Denisty Measurement (2006)

This paper presented a design of an x-ray-detector using CMOS image sensor. The main components consist of CMOS sensor, taper fiber optic, and image intensifier screen. CMOS sensor offers various advantages including miniature-sized, low power consumption and cost effective. CMOS-based digital camera becomes hence very demanding due to its potential application in multimedia and information technology. To apply the CMOS sensor as x-ray detector, x-ray-to-visible light convector is required. Our key component of x-ray-to-visible light converter is an image intensifier screen mounted on the wider end of taper fiber optic. The narrow end of the taper fiber optic is coupled on the half-inch CMOS image sensor. In order to get higher image quality and system flexibility, more versatile CMOS image-sensor controller are preferable. Such complicate designs are made possible by the creation of entirely VHDL reconfiguration and programmable components the so-called field programmable gate array (FPGA). The designed x-ray-detector with CMOS sensor camera has been tested to capture a bony structure and applied for calcium measurement. The result is very promising
Clinical Management of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Bacteremia (2014)

All adult patients with S. aureus bacteremia should undergo echocardiography. Characteristics of low-risk patients with S. aureus bacteremia for whom transesophageal echocardiography can be safely avoided have been identified. Vancomycin and daptomycin are the first-line antibiotic choices for MRSA bacteremia. Well-designed studies to address the management of S. aureus bacteremia are needed.
Monitoring Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Mid-Atlantic Apple and Peach Orchards (2005)

Pyramid traps coated with "industrial safety yellow" exterior latex gloss enamel paint and baited with Euschistus spp. aggregation pheromone, methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate captured more stink bugs than all other baited and unbaited trap types in both apple and peach orchards in 2002 and 2003. Commercial sources of dispensers of methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate deployed in association with pyramid traps had a significant impact on trap captures. Captures in pyramid traps were four-fold greater when baited with lures from IPM Technologies, Inc. (Portland, OR) than with lures from Suterra (Bend, OR). Variation in yellow pyramid trap color ("industrial safety yellow" and "standard coroplast yellow") and material (plywood, plastic, and masonite) did not affect trap captures. Brown stink bug was the predominant species captured (58%), followed by dusky stink bug, Euschistus tristigmus (Say) (20%); green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say) (14%); and other stink bugs (Brochymena spp. and unidentified nymphs) (8%). Captures in baited pyramid traps were significantly correlated with tree beating samples in both managed and unmanaged apple orchards and with sweep netting samples in the unmanaged apple orchard. However, problems associated with trapping mechanisms of pyramid trap jar tops and jar traps likely resulted in reduced captures in baited traps. Improved trapping mechanisms must be established to develop an effective monitoring tool for stink bugs in mid-Atlantic orchards.
Enzyme Immunoassay for Determination of Peanut Proteins in Food Products (1996)

Food allergy presents a problem for many parts of society, including sensitive subjects, schools, health authorities, and the food industry. Once food allergy is diagnosed, dietary avoidance is the principle method of management. Because trace levels of peanuts can elicit an adverse to fatal reaction, unintentional exposure to the offending allergens may have devastating consequences to sensitive individuals. However, determination of trace amounts of unintentional peanut contamination in our food supply is very difficult. Recently, we developed polyclonal antibodies specific to peanut proteins that do not cross-react with 22 legumes, tree nuts, or other common snack ingredients. An antiserum containing the polyclonal antibodies was used to develop a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of peanut proteins in snack foods. This study reports the first successful ELISA test to detect trace amounts of peanut allergens in a variety of foods. The concentration of peanut protein that inhibited 50% of antibody-antigen binding (IC50) was 12 ng/mL, the linear range was 1-63 ng/mL, and the detection limit was 400 ng/g (ppb) for the various foods tested. Recoveries ranged from 68 to 90%, with coefficients of variation of 2-22%, depending on the commodity. Using this new procedure, allergy-related complaint samples from various food groups were analyzed, and undeclared peanut proteins were identified in some products.
John R. Reid. Analytic statements in semiosis. Mind, n.s. vol. 52 (1943), pp. 314–330. (1944)

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Treatment with Nonmitogenic Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody Induces CD4+ T Cell Unresponsiveness and Functional Reversal of Established Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2005)

In vivo administration of anti-CD3 Ab induces both immune tolerance and undesirable side-effects resulting from nonspecific proinflammatory cytokine production. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of two structurally altered forms of the anti-CD3 Ab in ameliorating established experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Administration of either a chimeric (NM-IgG3) or digestion product (NM-F(ab')2) form of the anti-CD3 Ab during established experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis conferred significant protection from clinical disease progression and was associated with decreased Ag-specific T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and CNS inflammation. Interestingly, while this protection correlated with an increase in the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, neither prior depletion of regulatory T cells nor anti-TGF-beta treatment abrogated the treatment's efficacy. Importantly, both treatments induced normal levels of intracellular Ca(2+)-flux, but significantly diminished levels of TCR signaling. Consequent to this decreased level of TCR-mediated signaling were alterations in the level of apoptosis and CD4+ T cell trafficking resulting in a profound lymphopenia. Collectively, these results indicate that nonmitogenic anti-CD3 directly induces a state of immune unresponsiveness in primed pathogenic autoreactive effector cells via mechanisms that may involve the induction of T cell tolerance, apoptosis, and/or alterations in cell trafficking.
The screening and selection of solvents for the extraction of phenol from water (1973)

Abstract The thermodynamic basis foi the selection of solvents for the removal of phenol by liquid‐liquid extraction from waste water is discussed. Data are presented showing the often marked dependence of distribution coefficient on solute concentration at levels of 5 to 1000 mg/l. Experimental and literature data for the infinite dilution activity coefficient of phenol in 26 solvents at 25°C are correlated using a Regular Solution approach by assigning a value to an interaction energy term dependent on the chemical nature of the solvent. The accuracy is not sufficient for design purposes but the method can be used for screening. Toxicity and biodegradability of the preferred solvents are discussed.
SpiraClock (2002)

In this paper, we present SpiraClock, a new visualization technique for nearby events. SpiraClock fills a gap between static calendar displays and pop-up reminders by giving the user a continuous and non-intrusive feedback on nearby events. Events are displayed inside an analog clock that can be used as a regular computer clock. We used SpiraClock for displaying bus schedules, and collected user feedback.
Wide-Angle Scanning Low Profile Phased Array Antenna Based on a Novel Magnetic Dipole (2017)

A novel microstrip magnetic dipole antenna that can be applied to wide-angle scanning phased array antennas in both Eand H-planes is proposed. The proposed antenna has a low profile of 0.03λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> (λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> denotes the free-space wavelength corresponding to the center operating frequency), and a compact size of 0.32λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.31λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . The half-power beamwidth of the proposed antenna with an infinite ground is about 180° in the E-plane and 85° in the H-plane, which has a large potential for wide-angle scanning phased array. When it is applied to phased array antennas, the scanning coverage is wide. The proposed planar phased arrays are fabricated and experimentally verified. The measured results show that the main beam can scan from -76° to 76° with 3-dB gain fluctuation in the E-plane and from -64° to 64° in the H-plane.