gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenoxo-Bridged Dimeric Structure of Technetium (I) Tricarbonyl Complex with Schiff Base Ligand (2005)

Technetium (I) carbonyl complexes such as [Tc (CO) 3 (salbut) ]2 (salbut=2- (1-butylnitrilomethylidyne) phenolato), Tc (CO) 3 (salbut) (CH3CN) and Tc (CO) 3 (salbut) (py) (py=pridine) with Schiff base ligands were synthesized. The dinuclear complex [Tc (CO) 3 (salbut) ]2 is the first phenoxo-bridged dinuclear technetium complex. From X-ray crystallography, this dinuclear complex was revealed to be a “dimer” composed of two Tc (CO) 3 (salbut) subunits bridged by two oxygen atoms of the salbut ligand. The two Tc (CO) 3 (salbut) subunits are in inversion symmetry each other. Schiff base Hsalbut loses a phenol proton through the ligand exchange reaction and coordinates to the technetium atom as a bidentate ligand with nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Three carbonyl ligands coordinate to the technetium atom in a facial configuration. Structures of [Tc (CO) 3 (salbut) ]2 in solvents were investigated by NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The mononuclear complex Tc (CO) 3 (salbut) (solv) (solv=solvent molecule) was formed in strong Lewis base solvents like acetonitrile and pyridine. In weak Lewis base solvents like dichloromethane and benzene, on the other hand, the dinuclear [Tc (CO) 3 (salbut) ]2 complex was stable.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF ERGOTHIONEINE AND HERCYNINE BY MYCOBACTERIA (1964)

Genghof, Dorothy S. (Yeshiva University, New York, N.Y.), and Olga Van Damme. Biosynthesis of ergothioneine and hercynine by mycobacteria. J. Bacteriol. 87:852-862. 1964.-Ergothioneine and hercynine were found to be synthesized by a wide variety of mycobacteria grown in chemically defined media free from these compounds. The cultures examined included 53 recently isolated and laboratory strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 26 "unclassified" mycobacteria (Runyon groups I to IV), and representatives of most other species in the genus. Purification and separation of the betaines was achieved by means of chromatography on two successive alumina columns. Photometric measurement of the diazotized effluents from the second column permitted amounts of each compound to be determined. Measurement of hercynine by this method was made possible for the first time by the development of a standard curve. The pathway of ergothioneine biosynthesis in mycobacteria, as judged by the use S(35)-sulfate and l-histidine-2-C(14) as tracers, appears similar to that found in Neurospora crassa and Claviceps purpurea, that is, from histidine to ergothioneine via hercynine. None of a small group of bacteria other than mycobacteria was found to produce ergothioneine. Two strains of group A streptococci and one of Escherichia coli produced hercyninelike material, as yet unidentified.
The importance of being persistent: heterogeneity of bacterial populations under antibiotic stress (2009)

While the DNA sequence is largely responsible for transmitting phenotypic traits over evolutionary time, organisms are also considerably affected by phenotypic variations that persist for more than one generation, with no direct change in the organisms' DNA sequence. In contrast to genetic variation, which is passed on over many generations, the phenotypic variation generated by nongenetic mechanisms is difficult to study due to the inherently limited life time of states that are not encoded in the DNA sequence, but makes it possible for the 'memory' of past environments to influence future organisms. One striking example of phenotypic variation is the phenomenon of bacterial persistence, whereby genetically identical bacterial populations respond heterogeneously to antibiotic treatment. Our aim is to review several experimental and theoretical approaches to the study of persistence. We define persistence as a characteristic of a heterogeneous bacterial population that is taken as a generic example through which we illustrate the approach and study the dynamics of population variability. The clinical and evolutionary implications of persistence are discussed in light of the mathematical description. This approach should be of relevance to the study of other phenomena in which nongenetic variability is involved, such as cellular differentiation or the response of cancer cells to treatment.
Detection of Zones of Abnormal Strains in Structures Using Gaussian Curvature Analysis (1994)

Whereas some folds, such as those produced by flexural slip, do not theoretically entail strain within the folded surfaces, any surface involving double curvature (such as domes and saddles) cannot form without some stretching or contraction of the bedding. Whether straining of the surfaces is required during folding depends on the three-dimensional fold shape and, in particular, on the Gaussian curvature at points on the folded surface. Using this as a basis, I present a method for detecting zones of anomalously high strain in oil-field structures from Gaussian curvature analysis (GCA) of natural structures. The new method of GCA is suitable for analyzing surfaces that have been mapped seismically. A Gaussian curvature map of the structure is a principal outcome of the a alysis and can be used to predict the density of strain-related subseismic structures, such as small-scale fracturing. The Goose Egg dome, near Casper, Wyoming, is analyzed and provides an example of GCA. In this structure, a relationship is observed between fracture densities and Gaussian curvature.
Analysis of an M/G/1 Queue with Multiple Vacations, N-policy, Unreliable Service Station and Repair Facility Failures (2014)

This paper studies an M/G/1 repairable queueing system with multiple vacations and N-policy, in which the service station is subject to occasional random breakdowns. When the service station breaks down, it is repaired by a repair facility. Moreover, the repair facility may fail during the repair period of the service station. The failed repair facility resumes repair after completion of its replacement. Under these assumptions, applying a simple method, the probability that the service station is broken, the rate of occurrence of breakdowns of the service station, the probability that the repair facility is being replaced and the rate of occurrence of failures of the repair facility along with other performance measures are obtained. Following the construction of the long-run expected cost function per unit time, the direct search method is implemented for determining the optimum threshold N* that minimises the cost function.
Level of expression of the tomato rbcS-3A gene is modulated by a far upstream promoter element in a developmentally regulated manner. (1989)

By Agrobacterium-mediated transformation we have demonstrated that a 1.10-kilobase promoter sequence from the tomato rbcS-3A gene confers light-inducible and organ-specific expression upon fusion to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. A biphasic expression profile was obtained by 5' deletion analysis of this promoter, indicating the presence of both positive and negative regulatory elements. A severe reduction in the level of expression was observed when the 5'-terminal 90 base pairs were deleted from the 1.10-kilobase promoter. DNA sequence elements responsible for light inducibility and organ specificity of the gene reside within the -374 base pairs of the proximal part of the promoter and the sequences spanning from -374 to -205 are essential for promoter function. The DNA sequences upstream from -374 modulate the level of expression in leaf tissue; this modulation is under developmental control.
Renal hemodynamic response to intravenous and oral amino acids in animals. (1995)

Oral or parenteral application of amino acids leads to marked hyperfiltration and increased of renal plasma flow. Amino acids stimulate the release of glucagon, which increases hepatic production and release of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In the kidney, the combined effect of cAMP and glucagon increases glomerular filtration rate (GFR), possibly by reducing NaCl concentration at the macula densa and depression of the tubuloglomerular feedback. Vasopressin-dependent urea recycling and delivery to the thick ascending limb could similarly reduce NaCl concentration at the macula densa. Beyond that, amino acids may trigger a hepatorenal reflex or directly interfere with renal function. Mechanisms invoked include dopamine from renal nerves, prostaglandins, nitric oxide (NO), and angiotensin II. At this point, it is not clear to which extent the described mechanisms participate in, permit, or fully account for the hyperfiltrative effect of amino acids.
Modeling and simulation of VLSI interconnections with moments (1989)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1989.
The CR3 motif of Rrp44p is important for interaction with the core exosome and exosome function (2012)

The 10-subunit RNA exosome is involved in a large number of diverse RNA processing and degradation events in eukaryotes. These reactions are carried out by the single catalytic subunit, Rrp44p/Dis3p, which is composed of three parts that are conserved throughout eukaryotes. The exosome is named for the 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity provided by a large C-terminal region of the Rrp44p subunit that resembles other exoribonucleases. Rrp44p also contains an endoribonuclease domain. Finally, the very N-terminus of Rrp44p contains three Cys residues (CR3 motif) that are conserved in many eukaryotes but have no known function. These three conserved Cys residues cluster with a previously unrecognized conserved His residue in what resembles a metal-ion-binding site. Genetic and biochemical data show that this CR3 motif affects both endo- and exonuclease activity in vivo and both the nuclear and cytoplasmic exosome, as well as the ability of Rrp44p to associate with the other exosome subunits. These data provide the first direct evidence that the exosome-Rrp44p interaction is functionally important and also provides a molecular explanation for the functional defects when the conserved Cys residues are mutated.
Simulation of plasma-etched lithographic structures (1979)

The resist development model has been extended to simulate etched images in semiconductor processing. The model has been used to simulate under a variety of conditions varying from conventional wet etching to newer directional etching processes such as dry etching. As compared to the conventional wet etching processes the dry etch technologies erode the resist mask more intensively during processing. The model has been confirmed using a number of experimentally alterable and lithography-dependent conditions such as etch rates, resist profiles, resist thicknesses, etc. The effects of these on the final image shapes and the image sizes are predicted by simulations and aid the process definitions minimizing multivariate experiments. Isotropic etch processes such as those in the high-pressure reactors are also modellable by this approach.
The Synthesis of Polyadenylated Messenger RNA in Herpes Simplex Type I Virus Infected BHK Cells (1975)

Summary The pattern of polyadenylated messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis in BHK cell monolayers, infected under defined conditions with herpes simplex type 1 virus has been investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pulse-labelled RNA isolated by oligo dT-cellulose chromatography. Two classes of mRNA molecules were synthesized in infected cells; these were not detected in uninfected cells. The rate of synthesis of the larger, 18 to 30S RNA class reached a maximum soon after infection and then declined, whereas the rate of synthesis of the 7 to 11S RNA class did not reach a maximum until much later and did not decline. In the presence of cytosine arabinoside, the rate of mRNA synthesis in infected cells was reduced but the electrophoretic pattern remained the same.
Synthesis of fused hydantoins by intramolecular amidoalkylation (1974)

Abstract Several 1‐(2‐arylcthyl)hydantoins 2 have been cyclized through their 5‐bromo derivatives. The hydantoins 2a and 2b , unsubstituted in the 5‐posilion, require stannic chloride catalysis of the cyclization to 3a and 3b , respectively. However, the 5‐phenyl analog 2c (n = 2) cyclizes spontaneously and essentially quantitatively to 5 during bromination. This reaction is limited to the formation of a 6‐membered ring.
The Post-Tetrad Ontogeny of the Pollen Wall and the Chemical Structure of the Sporopollenin of Lilium Henryi (1968)

(1968). The Post-Tetrad Ontogeny of the Pollen Wall and the Chemical Structure of the Sporopollenin of Lilium Henryi. Grana Palynologica: Vol. 8, No. 2-3, pp. 227-234.
Targeted Therapies for Targeted Populations: Anti-EGFR Treatment for <i>EGFR</i> -Amplified Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma (2018)

Previous anti-EGFR trials in unselected patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) were resoundingly negative. We identified <i>EGFR</i> amplification in 5% (19/363) of patients at the University of Chicago, including 6% (8/140) who were prospectively screened with intention-to-treat using anti-EGFR therapy. Seven patients received ≥1 dose of treatment: three first-line FOLFOX plus ABT-806, one second-line FOLFIRI plus cetuximab, and three third/fourth-line cetuximab alone. Treatment achieved objective response in 58% (4/7) and disease control in 100% (7/7) with a median progression-free survival of 10 months. Pretreatment and posttreatment tumor next-generation sequencing (NGS), serial plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) NGS, and tumor IHC/FISH for EGFR revealed preexisting and/or acquired genomic events, including <i>EGFR</i>-negative clones, <i>PTEN</i> deletion, <i>KRAS</i> amplification/mutation, <i>NRAS, MYC</i>, and <i>HER2</i> amplification, and <i>GNAS</i> mutations serving as mechanisms of resistance. Two evaluable patients demonstrated interval increase of CD3<sup>+</sup> infiltrate, including one who demonstrated increased NKp46<sup>+</sup>, and PD-L1 IHC expression from baseline, suggesting an immune therapeutic mechanism of action. <i>EGFR</i> amplification predicted benefit from anti-EGFR therapy, albeit until various resistance mechanisms emerged.<b>Significance:</b> This paper highlights the role of EGFR inhibitors in <i>EGFR</i>-amplified GEA-despite negative results in prior unselected phase III trials. Using serial ctDNA and tissue NGS, we identified mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance in all patients, as well as potential contribution of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to their clinical benefit. <i>Cancer Discov; 8(6); 696-713. ©2018 AACR.</i><i>See related commentary by Strickler, p. 679</i><i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 663</i>.
Statistics of solder joint alignment for optoelectronic components (1993)

The use of an area array of solder joints allows the self-alignment of a large number of components in microelectronic packages. The sensitivity to statistical variations in solder joint volumes is investigated. The analysis shows that sufficiently large arrays of randomly distributed volumes lead to very narrow distributions in the height and tilt of one component relative to another.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Early recruitment of phagocytes contributes to the vascular inflammation of giant cell arteritis (2004)

Vascular inflammation in giant cell arteritis is generally described as a process involving dendritic cells, T-lymphocytes, and effector tissue macrophages. Less is known about the contribution of phagocytes that are recruited early, such as monocytes and neutrophils. These cells express and secrete pro-inflammatory S100 proteins which directly activate endothelial cells. In this study the expression of S100A8/S100A9 and S100A12, pro-inflammatory proteins specific for early recruited phagocytes, was studied in biopsies from 36 patients with giant cell arteritis. In addition, serum concentrations of these proteins were analysed in serum samples from 42 patients and 35 healthy controls. The S100A8/S100A9 complex was found to be abundant in the adventitia and media in affected arteries. Besides neutrophils, cells expressing these proteins belonged to a pro-inflammatory subtype of CD68-positive monocytes. In contrast, S100A12 expression was restricted to neutrophils that were found around the vasa vasorum within the adventitial layer. Both S100A8/S100A9 and S100A12 serum concentrations were significantly higher in patients with giant cell arteritis than in healthy controls. In conclusion, recently recruited phagocytes expressing pro-inflammatory S100 proteins take part in the vascular inflammation of giant cell arteritis. They may play important roles at the vasa vasorum of affected vessels, which represent sites of entry for recruited inflammatory cells. These data indicate that phagocytes within the adventitia and media contribute to the process of inflammation via release of the pro-inflammatory S100 proteins S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12.
Proposal of Mobile Robot Simulator Using VR Technology and Its Application to View-Based Robot Navigation. (2002)

Simulation is an important issue in the robotics research field since it is essential for evaluating and predicting the behavior of a robot. However previously developed simulation systems did not have the function of simulating the visual perception process of the robot. This means that a vision-based behavior cannot be simulated. In this paper, we first propose a novel approach using VR technology to simulate the vision-based behavior of a robot. Then the implemented system called “View Simulation System (VSS) ”, which was designed to simulate the behavior of our view-based navigation method is described. The VSS has a CG generator and a vision processing hardware, and can run the same program as one for our mobile robot. Finally the feasibility of VSS is shown through experiments using the real robot.
Thermodynamic and related analysis of natural gas combined cycle power plants with and without carbon sequestration (2007)

Thermodynamic and related ‘exergoeconomic’ performance criteria have been used to evaluate natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power generation systems, with and without carbon dioxide (CO2) removal technologies. These plants were previously studied by the US National Energy Technology Laboratory employing conventional energy and mass balance results, and have now been evaluated using detailed energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analyses. The plant consisted of a gas turbine together with a steam cycle having three pressure levels. Such NGCC plants show the least exergetic improvement potential amongst competing fossil fuel generators going forward, because they are already enhanced by use of a thermodynamic ‘topping’ cycle. Carbon capture was simulated on the basis of CO2 recovery from the flue gas stream that leaves the heat recovery steam generator via a commercial amine process. Ninety per cent of the CO2 was captured in this way, and then compressed into a high-pressure liquid. This was achieved with significant power penalty (some 21%) and increase in generating cost per MWh (44%). Combustion and heat transfer processes are the main sources of exergy degradation within power cycles. Fuel combustion accounted for some 32% of exergy destruction. Even with CO2 sequestration, the NGCC system is still a thermodynamically attractive option compared with modern fossil fuel alternatives. Overall, the exergoeconomic results indicate that significant improvements can be achieved by considering the power generation systems as a whole, rather than concentrating on the improvement in performance of individual components (which is a common practice in exergoeconomic optimization studies). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A solid state amplifier for the flame ionization detector used in gas chromatography (1971)

Describes a solid state current amplifier with which a flame ionization detector can be used at all practicable sensitivity levels. The use of metal-oxide-silicon transistors in a conventional circuit gives a degree of stability significantly better than that achieved with thermionic electrometer valves. The amplifier has a sensitivity of 100 mV pA-1 and a noise output equivalent to 2*10-15A rms at the input; thermal drift is typically 1 mV degC-1.
Applications of the wavelet transform in spread spectrum communications systems (1994)

In communication applications, particularly ones using spread spectrum (SS) techniques, transform domain processing can be utilized to suppress undesired interference and, consequently, improve system performance. Since traditional applications requiring transform domain processing perform excision only in the Fourier domain, one of the main objectives of this paper is to extend transform domain processing to include wavelets as the basis functions. Specifically, the use of wavelets in the excision of jamming signals from SS communications will be investigated. Simulations have been performed using several basis functions for an SS receiver with narrowband jamming. Results of this simulation are presented, including BER figures, and compared with conventional Fourier domain processing. Implementation of the exciser using multirate digital filtering filters is also discussed. An intercept receiver which employs wavelet transform domain excision is also described. The receiver detects DS-BPSK spread spectrum signals in the presence of narrow-band interference by employing adaptive interference rejection techniques. The improvement in the system performance over that of conventional radiometric detection only is shown by presenting numerical simulation results of probability of detection versus false alarm as the receiver-operating- characteristic (ROC) for an enhanced total power detector.
Deoxynybomycin Is a Selective Anti-Tumor Agent Inducing Apoptosis and Inhibiting Topoisomerase I. (2000)

Deoxynybomycin was identified as an inducer of p21the/WAF1 gene following screening using a reporter, p21/luciferase. The present study examined its anti-proliferative effect on human tumor cell lines. Deoxynybomycin selectively inhibited growth of human osteoblastic sarcoma Saos-2, gastric cancer TMK-1, and monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells, but did not affect survival of normal human fibroblasts at doses up to 5 microg/ml. Results from an assay system using a panel of 39 human cancer cell lines indicated that deoxynybomycin has selective cytotoxic activity against lung carcinoma cell lines. Deoxynybomycin induced apoptosis in Saos-2, TMK-1, and THP-1 cells as revealed by DNA fragmentation and TUNEL assays. It inhibited topoisomerase I but not topoisomerase II. These results suggest that deoxynybomycin may be useful in cancer chemotherapy.
PoseTrack: A Benchmark for Human Pose Estimation and Tracking (2018)

Existing systems for video-based pose estimation and tracking struggle to perform well on realistic videos with multiple people and often fail to output body-pose trajectories consistent over time. To address this shortcoming this paper introduces PoseTrack which is a new large-scale benchmark for video-based human pose estimation and articulated tracking. Our new benchmark encompasses three tasks focusing on i) single-frame multi-person pose estimation, ii) multi-person pose estimation in videos, and iii) multi-person articulated tracking. To establish the benchmark, we collect, annotate and release a new dataset that features videos with multiple people labeled with person tracks and articulated pose. A public centralized evaluation server is provided to allow the research community to evaluate on a held-out test set. Furthermore, we conduct an extensive experimental study on recent approaches to articulated pose tracking and provide analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the state of the art. We envision that the proposed benchmark will stimulate productive research both by providing a large and representative training dataset as well as providing a platform to objectively evaluate and compare the proposed methods. The benchmark is freely accessible at https://posetrack.net/.