gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Purcell Enhancement of the Internal Quantum Efficiency of GaN-based Green LED Structures (2017)

GaN-based green light-emitting diode (LED) structures suffer from low internal quantum efficiency (IQE), known as the “green gap” problem. The IQE of LED structures is expected to be improved to some extent by exploiting the Purcell effect. In this study, the Purcell effect on the IQE of green LED structures is investigated numerically using a finite-difference time-domain simulation. The Purcell factor of flip-chip LED structures is found to be more than three times as high as that of epi-up LED structures, which is attributed to the high-reflectance mirror near the active region in the flip-chip LED structures. When the unmodified IQE is 20%, the relative enhancement of IQE can be greater than 50%, without utilizing the surface-plasmon coupling effect. Based on the simulation results, the “green gap” problem of GaN-based green LEDs is expected to be mitigated significantly by optimizing flip-chip LED structures to maximize the Purcell effect.
Performance Evaluation of Stock Markets (2017)

The authors concentrate their attention on the performance evaluation of stock markets. The markets evaluation and selection is the important part of investment decision making. In order to develop a conceptual framework for investment decisions in financial markets, it is important to establish a logical model for market selection. The main purpose of the article – to propose the scheme of stock market evaluation and selection for investment portfolio formation. The authors propose the scheme, according to that, it is possible to analyse the issue of the market value and to select markets that may potentially generate a sustainable investment return for investor, taking into account that sustainable investment return is the stable investment return for a long period. According to the analysis of selected stock markets and their evaluation using three-dimension utility function, the authors identified the most stable markets to investors for investment portfolio formation.
Active Immunization of Heifers Against Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Bovine Luteinizing Hormone (1988)

Seventy crossbred heifers were allotted randomly to 10 treatment groups. Treatments consisted of active immunization against ovalbumin (OV) conjugates of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and bovine luteinizing hormone (bLH) with each of three adjuvants. The adjuvants were complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), M103(6) and 6VR6. Control animals were immunized against OV alone using CFA. Bulls were placed with the heifers following immunization to allow comparison of pregnancy rates between groups. Blood samples were collected weekly for 14 wk to determine antibody concentrations. Significant levels of circulating LH or LHRH antibodies were detected in heifers immunized with each of the hormone conjugates. Complete Freund's adjuvant was the most effective for stimulating antibody response to these antigens; however, M103 was equally effective when used with bLH or hCG conjugates. None of the heifers in the bLH-OV-CFA, bLH-OV-M103 or LHRH-OV-CFA immunization groups was pregnant at slaughter, whereas 71% of the OV-CFA control heifers were pregnant. Fertility suppression may be achieved in the bovine by active immunization against any of these three hormone conjugates. However, the duration of this study (8 wk after immunization) does not allow evaluation of the duration of effectiveness of each of the treatments.
Design and Rationale of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2/3 Study Evaluating Dociparstat in Acute Lung Injury Associated with Severe COVID-19 (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier; NCT04389840, Registered 13 May 2020.
Theory of the Failure of Semiconductor Contacts by Electromigration (1970)

A theory is presented which predicts the time required for a metal film conductor on a silicon substrate to fail as a result of electromigration. The failure time depends inversely on the current density, J, and on the temperature gradient. For a self heated conductor this may be simplified to a dependence on J-3. Experimental results for aluminium films show a failure time of 125 hours at 106 A cm-2 and 200°C in agreement with theory.
Abstract 20419: Citrullination in Actin-Tropomyosin-Myosin Complex: Novel Regulatory Mechanism (2014)

Background: A novel protein post-translational modification, citrullination was shown previously in a number of key myofilament proteins, tropomyosin (R 133, R 238), actin (R 39) and myosin heavy chain (R 1176, 1303, 1434) in HF patient (values for total spectra counts for citrullinated proteins in control, ISHD and IDCM: 1.8 ±1.3, 3.2±2.7 and 2.3±1.9, respectively). The alterations in contractile proteins underlying enhanced Ca2+-sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in end-stage failing human myocardium are still not resolved. Protein citrullination arises from the enzymatic conversion of arginine residues to citrulline result in loss of a positive charge and reduction in hydrogen-bonding ability. And here, the biophysical and biochemical effect on myofilament function is determined. Method: F-actin-tropomyosin binding, tropomyosin-actin-myosin, actin-myosin and myosin ATPase activity assays, and F-actin stability assays were carried out. Results: In vitro citrullinated tropomyosin significantly enhance affinity for F-actin (p=0.001) and decrease in the ATPase activity (p=0.06). Furthermore, citrullination of myosin HMM is not essential for actin affinity, although it modulate ATPase activation (p=0.3). Contrary, the ATPase activity is increase by pretreatment of actin (but not myosin) with PAD2 (p=0.09). Conclusion: Citrullination of the contractile proteins could affect different aspects of regulatory function. It either triggers a structural change or stabilizes a conformation that is necessary for actin-activated release of Pi and completion of the ATPase cycle. Significance: Citrullination of specific myofilament proteins in HF can have dramatic effect on modulating actin filament integrity and myosin function and tropomyosin action on myofilament regulation.
The Breathmeter - A new laser device to analyze your health (2006)

It is widely believed that measurement of molecules in exhaled breath can provide a window into the metabolic state of the human body, detect the presence of cancer, monitor respiratory diseases, assess liver and kidney function, determine exposure to toxins, and possibly, even diagnose schizophrenia. Such conjectures are further supported by recent work performed by researchers at the Pine Street Foundation. Laser spectroscopic techniques, in particular, tunable laser absorption spectroscopy (TLAS), are candidate technologies for breath analysis applications. The paper presents the Breathmeter from Ekips Technologies. The Breathmeter is based on TLAS and consists of four primary components: 1) the laser source module, 2) sample gas cell, 3) optical detector, and 4) associated electronics hardware and software. The optical board layout of the breath meter system was shown. Its applications and future works were also discussed
Bioaccumulation of Antimony by Chlorella vulgaris and the Association Mode of Antimony in the Cell (1997)

The bioaccumulation and excretion of antimony by the freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris, which had been isolated from an arsenic-polluted environment, are described. When this alga was cultured in a medium containing 50 μg cm−3 of antimony(III) for 14 days, it was found that Chlorella vulgaris bioaccumulated antimony at concentrations up to 12 000 μg Sb g−1 dry wt after six days' incubation. The antimony concentration in Chlorella vulgaris decreased from 2570 to 1610 μg Sb g−1 dry wt after the cells were transferred to an antimony-free medium. We found that the excreted antimony consists of 40% antimony(V) and 60% antimony(III). This means that the highly toxic antimony(III) was converted to the less toxic antimony (V) by the living organism. Antimony accumulated in living Chlorella vulgaris cells was solvent-fractionated with chloroform/methanol (2:1), and the extract residue was fractionated with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Gel-filtration chromatography of the solubilized part showed that antimony was combined with proteins whose molecular weight was around 4×104 in the antimony-accumulated living cells. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Road Side Unit Deployment: A Density-Based Approach (2013)

Currently, the number of vehicles increases every year, raising the probability of having accidents. When an accident occurs, wireless technologies enable vehicles to share warning messages with other vehicles by using vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications, and with the emergency services by using vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications. Regarding vehicle to infrastructure communications, Road Side Units (RSUs) act similarly to wireless LAN access points, and can provide communications with the infrastructure. Since RSUs are usually very expensive to install, authorities limit their number, especially in suburbs and areas of sparse population, making RSUs a precious resource in vehicular environments. In this paper, we propose a Density-based Road Side Unit deployment policy (D-RSU), specially designed to obtain an efficient system with the lowest possible cost to alert emergency services in case of an accident. Our approach is based on deploying RSUs using an inverse proportion to the expected density of vehicles. The obtained results show how D-RSU is able to reduce the required number of RSUs, as well as the accident notification time.
From anti-perovskite to double anti-perovskite: tuning lattice chemistry to achieve super-fast Li<sup>+</sup> transport in cubic solid lithium halogen–chalcogenides (2017)

Using a materials genome approach on the basis of density functional theory, we have formulated a new class of inorganic electrolytes for the fast diffusion of Li<sup>+</sup> ions by fine-tuning the lattice chemistry of anti-perovskite structures.
Identification and characterization of a surface-associated protein (Ssp) of Staphylococcus saprophyticus (1992)

A 95-kDa protein was isolated from Staphylococcus saprophyticus 7108 grown on dialysis membranes placed on the surface of brain heart infusion agar. Strain CCM883 did not produce this protein. Ultrathin sections revealed the presence of very thin, tuftlike, 50- to 75-nm-long structures on the surface of strain 7108, whereas strain CCM883 was comparably smooth. The surface material could be removed by digestion with proteinase K, suggesting that the surface structures contain protein. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy showed a thick layer of surface material on strain 7108, whereas strain CCM883 appeared smooth. The 95-kDa protein was purified by Sephacryl S-300 chromatography, and an antiserum was raised in rabbits. This antiserum was used in immunogold labeling experiments, which showed that the protein is associated with the surface structures. Our experiments thus demonstrate the presence of a fibrillar protein on the surface of S. saprophyticus (Ssp for S. saprophyticus surface-associated protein).
K18-hACE2 mice develop respiratory disease resembling severe COVID-19 (2021)

SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and resulted in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Several animal models have been rapidly developed that recapitulate the asymptomatic to moderate disease spectrum. Now, there is a direct need for additional small animal models to study the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 and for fast-tracked medical countermeasure development. Here, we show that transgenic mice expressing the human SARS-CoV-2 receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [hACE2]) under a cytokeratin 18 promoter (K18) are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and that infection resulted in a dose-dependent lethal disease course. After inoculation with either 104 TCID50 or 105 TCID50, the SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in rapid weight loss in both groups and uniform lethality in the 105 TCID50 group. High levels of viral RNA shedding were observed from the upper and lower respiratory tract and intermittent shedding was observed from the intestinal tract. Inoculation with SARS-CoV-2 resulted in upper and lower respiratory tract infection with high infectious virus titers in nasal turbinates, trachea and lungs. The observed interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary pathology, with SARS-CoV-2 replication evident in pneumocytes, were similar to that reported in severe cases of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration in the lungs and upregulation of Th1 and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Extrapulmonary replication of SARS-CoV-2 was observed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of several animals at 7 DPI but not at 3 DPI. The rapid inflammatory response and observed pathology bears resemblance to COVID-19. Additionally, we demonstrate that a mild disease course can be simulated by low dose infection with 102 TCID50 SARS-CoV-2, resulting in minimal clinical manifestation and near uniform survival. Taken together, these data support future application of this model to studies of pathogenesis and medical countermeasure development.
Sequence of the Essex-Lopresti lesion—a high-speed video documentation and kinematic analysis (2014)

Our findings indicate that fracture of the radial head may be preceded by at least partial lesions of the interosseous membrane in the course of high-energy axial trauma.
The Ubiquitous Chromatin Protein DEK Alters the Structure of DNA by Introducing Positive Supercoils (2002)

We have investigated the molecular mechanism by which the proto-oncogene protein DEK, an abundant chromatin-associated protein, changes the topology of DNA in chromatin in vitro. Band-shift assays and electron microscopy revealed that DEK induces both intra- and intermolecular interactions between DNA molecules. Binding of the DEK protein introduces constrained positive supercoils both into protein-free DNA and into DNA in chromatin. The induced change in topology is reversible after removal of the DEK protein. As shown by sedimentation analysis and electron microscopy, the DEK-induced positive supercoiling causes distinct structural changes of DNA and chromatin. The observed direct effects of DEK on chromatin folding help to understand the function that this major chromatin protein performs in the nucleus.
A pessimistic approach to trust in mobile agent platforms (2000)

The problem of protecting an execution environment from possibly malicious mobile agents has been studied extensively, but the reverse problem, protecting the agent from malicious execution environments, has not. We propose an approach that relies on trusted and tamper-resistant hardware to prevent breaches of trust, rather than correcting them after the fact. We address the question of how to base trust on technical reasoning. We present a pessimistic approach to trust that tries to prevent malicious behavior from occurring in the first place, rather than correcting it after it has occurred.
Fetal cardiac mesenchymal stem cells express embryonal markers and exhibit differentiation into cells of all three germ layers (2013)

Our results together suggest that fC-MSC are primitive stem cell types with a high degree of plasticity and, in addition to their suitability for cardiovascular regenerative therapy, they may have a wide spectrum of therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine.
Structured Variational Inference in Continuous Cox Process Models (2019)

We propose a scalable framework for inference in a continuous sigmoidal Cox process that assumes the corresponding intensity function is given by a Gaussian process (GP) prior transformed with a scaled logistic sigmoid function. We present a tractable representation of the likelihood through augmentation with a superposition of Poisson processes. This view enables a structured variational approximation capturing dependencies across variables in the model. Our framework avoids discretization of the domain, does not require accurate numerical integration over the input space and is not limited to GPs with squared exponential kernels. We evaluate our approach on synthetic and real-world data showing that its benefits are particularly pronounced on multivariate input settings where it overcomes the limitations of mean-field methods and sampling schemes. We provide the state of-the-art in terms of speed, accuracy and uncertainty quantification trade-offs.
Encapsulation of Polypyrrole Chains Inside the Framework of an Ordered Mesoporous Carbon (2005)

Abstract Summary: This paper reports a facile route to fabricate high‐surface area hybrid carbon‐polymer nanocomposites following a template technique. The method presented here allows large amounts of polymer to be deposited inside one of the pore systems of a highly ordered carbon, while the other is kept empty. Such prepared composite has large polymer loadings (≈50%), high surface area (≈1 000 m 2 · g −1 ), and a uniform porosity made up of mesopores. magnified image
Fabrication of tough epoxy with shape memory effects by UV-assisted direct-ink write printing (2018)

3D printing of epoxy-based shape memory polymers with high mechanical strength, excellent thermal stability and chemical resistance is highly desirable for practical applications. However, thermally cured epoxy in general is difficult to print directly. There have been limited numbers of successes in printing epoxy but they suffer from relatively poor mechanical properties. Here, we present an ultraviolet (UV)-assisted 3D printing of thermally cured epoxy composites with high tensile toughness via a two-stage curing approach. The ink containing UV curable resin and epoxy oligomer is used for UV-assisted direct-ink write (DIW)-based 3D printing followed by thermal curing of the part containing the epoxy oligomer. The UV curable resin forms a network by photo polymerization after the 1st stage of UV curing, which can maintain the printed architecture at an elevated temperature. The 2nd stage thermal curing of the epoxy oligomer yields an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) composite with highly enhanced mechanical properties. It is found that the printed IPN epoxy composites enabled by the two-stage curing show isotropic mechanical properties and high tensile toughness. We demonstrated that the 3D-printed high-toughness epoxy composites show good shape memory properties. This UV-assisted DIW 3D printing via a two-stage curing method can broaden the application of 3D printing to fabricate thermoset materials with enhanced tensile toughness and tunable properties for high-performance and functional applications.
Identification of Metals in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy via Image States (1995)

An oscillatory reversal of the contrast between Cu and Mo is observed with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), using sample bias voltages of $+$5 V and higher. It is attributed to tunneling via a series of discrete states that are induced by a combination of the image potential and the applied field. They are offset in energy due to the different work functions of Cu and Mo. This effect provides a generally applicable mechanism for elemental contrast in STM.
Analysis of the Key Structures of RV Reducer Based on Finite Element Method (2019)

Abstract In this paper, key structures of the RV reducer were calculated by finite element method respectively, including the stress and deformation of cycloidal-pin wheel and eccentric shaft. The results show that the contact stress and equivalent stress of cycloidal-pin wheel and eccentric shaft are far less than the strength of materials. It means the strength is not the main consideration of design and manufacture. The stiffness of eccentric shaft is less than the cycloidal-pin wheel, which had a great influence on the transmission accuracy of the machine. In order to improve the rigidity so as to improve the transmission accuracy of gear reducer machine, the modification methods and modification should be chosen to design by the deformation.
Variable-structure delta-sigma modulators with resolution enhancement strategies (2003)

We present two approaches for performance-enhancement of compensation methods in delta-sigma modulation. A robust modulator architecture featuring variable-structure control is also proposed. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques in improving resolution and dynamic range.
Office-Based Treatment of Opiate Addiction with a Sublingual-Tablet Formulation of Buprenorphine and Naloxone (2003)

Buprenorphine and naloxone in combination and buprenorphine alone are safe and reduce the use of opiates and the craving for opiates among opiate-addicted persons who receive these medications in an office-based setting.
Microcellular Foam from Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Polybutadiene Rubber (EVA/BR) Based Thermoplastic Elastomers for Footwear Applications (2012)

Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and synthetic general purpose rubber, polybutadiene rubber (BR), which can improve set, wear, and tear properties of virgin EVA without any coloring problem, was developed. EVA-BR blend ratio and processing parameters were optimized based on physicomechanical properties. It was found that EVA:BR 80:20 blend forms TPE of high strength (20 MPa) and low hardness (71 Shore A). This TPE shows 58 and 40% improvement in tension and compression set compared to virgin EVA. Tear strength and abrasion resistance of TPE was also improved by 9 and 35% respectively compared to EVA. The observed properties of TPE were explained in terms of morphology and interaction parameter. Microcellular foam of this TPE was developed using organic and inorganic blowing agents. Dinitrosopentamethylene tetramine at 3 phr loading forms closed cell microcellular foams with an average cell diameter of 100 μm. EVA:BR microcellular foam showed overall properties comparable with commercial EVA:NR microcellular foam.
PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND PLANT MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY (1974)

SUMMARY Current views on membrane construction are presented as a basis for discussing certain modifications of structure that may render membranes leaky, allowing solutes to diffuse from them. Biophysical experiments on dehydrated membranes indicate that, when their water content is reduced below 20%, they no longer adopt the lipid bilayer conformation. When dry seeds, spores or lichens are placed in water, soluble cell constituents leak from them for a few seconds or minutes until membrane integrity is re‐established; the same may apply also to the liberation of solutes from pollen grains. Moreover, there are indications that ‘dry’ in this context means having less than about 20% water. Some plants are sensitive to chilling, their tissues becoming leaky when exposed to temperatures between 0 and 10°C. This chilling‐induced leakage, attributed to a phase change in all the phospholipids of which the membrane is composed occurs at a slightly lower temperature than the change in the activation energy of membrane‐bound enzymes. At senescence, leaf tissues become leaky and may eventually dry out. So much phospholipid disappears from senescing cotyledons of cucumber that there is no longer sufficient to fabricate complete and intact membranes around the cells. Treating cucumber cotyledons with iodoacetate also causes a loss of phospholipids, allowing solutes to leak out of the cells. It is possible that exposing seeds or mature plant tissues to oxygen at pressures of 1 or more atm renders them leaky because of lipid peroxidation.