gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement and evaluation of finger tapping movements using magnetic sensors (2008)

This paper proposes a quantitative measurement and evaluation method of finger tapping movements for diagnosis support and assessment of motor function. In this method, a magnetic sensor consisting of two coils is used to measure movement. The coil voltage induced by the electromagnetic induction law changes depending on the distance between the two coils; this enables estimation of the distance between two coil-bearing fingertips from the voltage measured by the nonlinear modeling relationships between the voltages and distances. Further, the finger movements measured are evaluated by computing ten indices such as the finger tapping interval, and radar charts of the evaluation indices and phase-plane trajectories of the finger movements are then displayed in real time on a monitor. Evaluation experiments were performed on finger movement in 16 Parkinson's disease patients and 32 normal elderly subjects, with the results showing that all evaluation indices differ significantly for each subject (p << 0.05).
Endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced cell death in podocytes (2017)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs in a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms, and there has been great interest in managing this pathway for the treatment of clinical diseases. Increased ER stress can block integrin-β1 glycosylation, decrease integrin-β1 protein expression and enhance cell death in podocytes. Autophagy is closely interconnected with ER stress to counteract the possible injurious effects related to the impairment of protein folding and is one of the intracellular protein degradation systems. Studies have shown that podocytes exhibit a high rate of autophagy to maintain as terminally differentiated cells. We have attempted to induce autophagy in podocytes with ER stress to increase the longevity of proteins and the degradation of damaged organelles. However, regardless of ER stress or autophagy that protects the cells at early stages, cells cannot adapt to this situation when the stress is already well established, and podocytes will undergo severe injury finally. In summary, ER stress may induce cell death in podocyte, and autophagy mediate to salvage the injuries caused by ER stress in the short term. It seems that adequate, but not excessive, autophagy is crucial to help maintain the cell viability of podocytes.
Magnetic Particle Imaging for High Temporal Resolution Assessment of Aneurysm Hemodynamics (2016)

The ionizing radiation free, 4D high resolution MPI method is a very promising tool for imaging and characterization of hemodynamics in human. It carries the possibility of overcoming certain disadvantages of other modalities like considerably lower temporal resolution of dynamic MRI and limited 2D characteristics of DSA. Furthermore, additive manufacturing is the key for translating powerful pre-clinical techniques into the clinic.
Interfacial Chemistry at p ‐ GaP Photoelectrodes (1982)

photoelectrodes are of interest as cathodes in photosynthetic photoelectrochemical devices. The nature of the surface appears crucial to the efficient utilization of this material. In this study we show how an oxide surface layer is present even in the reductive environment at the surface; that this layer appears to be necessary for efficient interfacial charge transport; and that high solution oxygen concentrations increase the stability of this layer and consequently the electrode. Aging experiments with chemical and surface analyses are included that support these surprising results.
Spoofing in 2D face recognition with 3D masks and anti-spoofing with Kinect (2013)

The problem of detecting face spoofing attacks (presentation attacks) has recently gained a well-deserved popularity. Mainly focusing on 2D attacks forged by displaying printed photos or replaying recorded videos on mobile devices, a significant portion of these studies ground their arguments on the flatness of the spoofing material in front of the sensor. In this paper, we inspect the spoofing potential of subject-specific 3D facial masks for 2D face recognition. Additionally, we analyze Local Binary Patterns based coun-termeasures using both color and depth data, obtained by Kinect. For this purpose, we introduce the 3D Mask Attack Database (3DMAD), the first publicly available 3D spoofing database, recorded with a low-cost depth camera. Extensive experiments on 3DMAD show that easily attainable facial masks can pose a serious threat to 2D face recognition systems and LBP is a powerful weapon to eliminate it.
Rapid communication: restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the bovine calpastatin gene1 (1993)

Journal Article Rapid communication: restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the bovine calpastatin gene Get access M. D. Bishop, M. D. Bishop 2Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Koohmaraie, M. Koohmaraie 2Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Killefer, J. Killefer 2Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Kappes S. Kappes 2Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Animal Science, Volume 71, Issue 8, August 1993, Page 2277, https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.7182277x Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Received: 17 May 1993 Accepted: 27 May 1993 Published: 01 August 1993
O <sub>2</sub> Sensing in the Human Ductus Arteriosus (2002)

Functional closure of the human ductus arteriosus (DA) is initiated within minutes of birth by O2 constriction. It occurs by an incompletely understood mechanism that is intrinsic to the DA smooth muscle cell (DASMC). We hypothesized that O2 alters the function of an O2 sensor (the mitochondrial electron transport chain, ETC) thereby increasing production of a diffusible redox-mediator (H2O2), thus triggering an effector mechanism (inhibition of DASMC voltage-gated K+ channels, Kv). O2 constriction was evaluated in 26 human DAs (12 female, aged 9+/-2 days) studied in their normal hypoxic state or after normoxic tissue culture. In fresh, hypoxic DAs, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a Kv inhibitor, and O2 cause similar constriction and K+ current inhibition (I(K)). Tissue culture for 72 hours, particularly in normoxia, causes ionic remodeling, characterized by decreased O2 and 4-AP constriction in DA rings and reduced O2- and 4-AP-sensitive I(K) in DASMCs. Remodeled DAMSCs are depolarized and express less O2-sensitive channels (including Kv2.1, Kv1.5, Kv9.3, Kv4.3, and BK(Ca)). Kv2.1 adenoviral gene-transfer significantly reverses ionic remodeling, partially restoring both the electrophysiological and tone responses to 4-AP and O2. In fresh DASMCs, ETC inhibitors (rotenone and antimycin) mimic hypoxia, increasing I(K) and reversing constriction to O2, but not phenylephrine. O2 increases, whereas hypoxia and ETC inhibitors decrease H2O2 production by altering mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim). H2O2, like O2, inhibits I(K) and depolarizes DASMCs. We conclude that O2 controls human DA tone by modulating the function of the mitochondrial ETC thereby varying DeltaPsim and the production of H2O2, which regulates DASMC Kv channel activity and DA tone.
A Multicomponent Coupling Sequence for Direct Access to Substituted Quinolines (2009)

A titanium-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction can be used to generate tautomers of N-aryl-1,3-diimines. Simple treatment of these products with acetic acid leads to cyclization forming quinoline derivatives in a one-pot procedure. The primary amines employed can be substituted anilines, aminonaphthalenes, or even heterocyclic amines, which leads to a variety of fused-ring heterocyclic frameworks. The one-pot yields varied from 25-71% for the 18 examples presented in this study.
Development of bi-directional DC-DC converter in multiple battery energy storage system (2011)

It introduces the main circuit topology and working principle of the battery charging and discharging converter in multiple battery energy storage system,a ndstudies the control strategy for bi-directional DC-DC converters connecting with the battery. A battery charge and discharge system composed of three groups of bi-directional DC-DC converters and one bi-directional PWM converter is developed,w hosepower is 120 kW,which canmeet the need for independent charge and discharge of three groups of batteries. Experimental results in the lithium battery energy storage system show that the bi-directional DC-DC converter has multiple functions,such asbattery charging,battery discharge,islanding operation,battery charge and discharge with each other. The charge current ripple current is less than 0.5% with smooth waveform,which is applicable to multiple,w ide-range voltage battery charge and discharge.
Atrial Fibrillation: Epidemiologic Considerations and Rationale for Conversion and Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm (2003)

Atrial fibrillation is now the most common cardiac arrhythmia for which a patient is hospitalized. Clinically, it presents in a form that is paroxysmal, persistent, or permanent and may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, occurring in the setting of either no cardiac disease (“lone atrial fibrillation”) or, most often, in association with an underlying disease. Atrial fibrillation is associated with a 2-fold increase in mortality and, in the United States alone, causes over 75,000 cases of stroke per year. The annual prevalence of stroke is 5% to 7%, but the use of adequate anticoagulation can reduce this to less than 1%. Atrial fibrillation is a disorder of the elderly, with almost equal prevalence in men and women. In the United States, 80% of atrial fibrillation occurs in patients over the age of 65 years, and its prevalence tracks that of heart failure, which may be the cause, as well as the result, of the arrhythmia. Both conditions are increasing in epidemic proportions in the aging population. The most common causes of atrial fibrillation are hypertensive heart disease, coronary artery disease, and heart failure with a miscellany of lesser conditions, with about 10% lacking structural heart disease. Unlike other supraventricular arrhythmias, cure by the use of catheter ablation and surgical techniques has not been a reality except in a relatively small number of cases. However, restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm remain the initial goal of therapy for most patients. Pharmacologic approaches remain the mainstay of therapy for rate control and anticoagulation as well as for maintenance of sinus rhythm following pharmacological or electrical conversion. The changing epidemiology of atrial fibrillation is highlighted, with the focus on its conversion by the use of newer and novel antifibrillatory agents relative to the mechanisms of the arrhythmia, to restore the stability of sinus rhythm.
Nonuniform phase-shift-key modulation for multimedia multicast transmission in mobile wireless networks (1999)

It is a common requirement in a mobile wireless communication network that a radio must be capable of simultaneously transmitting a message to two or more neighbors in the network. Some of the intended recipients may be more capable than others in the sense that their communication links from the transmitter have less interference, fading, or attenuation. Because it is desirable that a multicast or broadcast transmission be received successfully by all radios for which it is intended, the usual approach is to limit the transmission rate to that which can be demodulated by the least capable among these radios. Nonuniform nonbinary phase-shift-key (PSK) signal constellations can be designed to increase the throughput of multicast transmissions by delivering additional information to more-capable receivers along with the multicast message. This additional throughput can be employed to transmit multimedia messages (e.g., voice and data) to the more-capable receivers. In this paper, we determine the error probabilities for coherent demodulation of nonuniform PSK signals and noncoherent demodulation of nonuniform differential PSK signals. Because the PSK constellations have a constant envelope, they are better for use in mobile wireless communication networks than the constellations based on quadrature-amplitude modulation that have been proposed in previous publications.
Combined Beamforming and Noise Cancellation (2006)

This paper examines microphone-array-based, combined beamformer-noise canceller structures. The performance of the structures is evaluated using computer simulation as well as experimental measurements. The inter-operation of the beamformer and noise canceller is studied by measuring the SNR improvements offered by the respective components. An experimental procedure for evaluating output SNR is presented: the desired signal is captured from a set location in the recording environment. The noise signal is measured from a second (generally different) location. Results reveal an SNR improvement of up to 17 dB, and are compared to those stemming from conventional approaches
Using text mining and natural language processing for health care claims processing (2005)

A health care claims processing application is introduced which processes both structured and unstructured information associated with medical insurance claims. The application makes use of a natural language processing (NLP) engine, together with application-specific knowledge, written in a concept specification language. Using NLP techniques, the entities and relationships that act as indicators of recoverable claims are mined from management notes, call centre logs and patient records to identify medical claims that require further investigation. Text mining techniques can then be applied to find dependencies between different entities, and to combine indicators to provide scores to individual claims. Claims are scored to determine whether they involve potential fraud or abuse, or to determine whether claims should be paid by or in conjunction with other insurers or organizations. Dependencies between claims and other records can then be combined to create cases. Issues related to the design of the application are discussed, specifically the use of rule-based techniques which provide a capability for deeper analysis than traditionally found in statistical techniques.
On the Design of a Solar-Panel Receiver for Optical Wireless Communications With Simultaneous Energy Harvesting (2015)

This paper proposes a novel design of an optical wireless communications (OWC) receiver using a solar panel as a photodetector. The proposed system is capable of simultaneous data transmission and energy harvesting. The solar panel can convert a modulated light signal into an electrical signal without any external power requirements. Furthermore, the direct current (DC) component of the modulated light can be harvested in the proposed receiver. The generated energy can potentially be used to power a user terminal or at least to prolong its operation time. The current work discusses the various parameters which need to be considered in the design of a system using a solar panel for simultaneous communication and energy harvesting. The presented theory is supported with an experimental implementation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), thus, proving the validity of the analysis and demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed receiver. Using the propounded system, a communication link with a data rate of 11.84 Mbps is established for a received optical signal with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.7 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Prognostic value of intratumoral CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocyte in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma as essential immune response (2003)

The infiltration of a cancer cell nest by CD8+ T cells is a reliable marker predicting increased survival of patients with EBDC.
Appearance of T-cell Markers in Bone Marrow Rosette-Forming Cells after Incubation with Thymosin, a Thymic Hormone (1971)

After incubation with thymosin, a thymic hormone, normal bone marrow rosette-forming cells acquire T-cell characteristics, including increased sensitivity to azathioprine, anti-lymphocyte serum, and anti-theta serum. This activity of thymosin provides a new sensitive and reproducible bioassay for thymosin, and is well correlated with an in vivo graft-versus-host assay. In addition, incubation of spleen cells from adult thymectomized mice with thymosin in vitro restores to normal their diminished sensitivity to azathioprine and anti-lymphocte serum.
Issues and approaches of automatic focusing algorithms for intelligent robot eye‐in‐hand system (1987)

Abstract The new, fast, automatic focusing algorithms, namely Energy Maximization and Histogram Variance Maximization, for computer vision systems have been presented in this article. These two focusing algorithms have greatly reduced the arithmetical operations needed to perform an automatic focusing operation. Experimental evaluations and comparisons to previously developed algorithms have been performed and the results presented. The improved performance in accuracy and speed of our new algorithms will certainly benefit applications such as distance measurement, target tracking, and scene analysis by the use of computer vision techniques.
Low head oxygenator performance characterization for marine recirculating aquaculture systems (2016)

This study evaluated the effect of temperature (20 and 25 °C), salinity (10, 15, and 20 ppt), and dissolved oxygen levels within low head oxygenator (LHO) outlet water on oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) of LHOs for a planned marine recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Test results indicated that OTE was generally greater at salinities of 10–15 ppt compared to OTE measured with freshwater and at 20 ppt salinity. Oxygen transfer efficiency in freshwater with LHO outlet oxygen saturation of 230% was only 58% compared to OTE in 10 ppt and 15 ppt salinity with an LHO outlet oxygen saturation of 230% of 79% and 72%, respectively. As expected, OTE declined as target dissolved oxygen levels in LHO outlet water increased from 150 to 230% saturation. Oxygen transfer efficiency at 15 ppt salinity and 150% dissolved oxygen saturation at the LHO outlet was 97%, while OTE dropped to 72% at 230% oxygen saturation. Increased OTE at higher salinities of 10–15 ppt was attributed to increased ionic strength of the water under saline conditions resulting in formation of smaller diameter bubbles, as opposed to larger bubbles formed in freshwater. However, at 20 ppt this effect may have caused the formation of small diameter bubbles with such a slow rise velocity that they were overcome by the water velocity leaving the bottom of the LHO and were carried out of the LHO, thereby reducing OTE. Improvements in performance for similarly-designed LHOs in intensive marine RAS can be realized by designing LHOs for lower hydraulic loading, taller fall height, and increased submergence.
Recent Advances in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2006)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a low-grade B-lineage lymphoid malignancy. Based on recent findings, the disease appears to be more heterogeneous than previously thought. Many cases may require no treatment at all unless patients become symptomatic or develop signs of rapid progression. Even in this setting, treatment is noncurative and is directed at reducing the symptoms. Recently described molecular risk features may help delineate at initial diagnosis which patients will have a more aggressive course. Newer treatment regimens incorporating purine nucleoside analogs and monoclonal antibodies have increased the rate of molecular complete remissions, which may lead to increased survival. Reduced intensity conditioning regimens have made the potentially curative modality of allogeneic transplantation more widely available. All of these recent treatments have significant risks of infectious complications, which must be carefully weighed against the risks posed by the underlying disease, and many low-risk asymptomatic patients do not require any treatment. A proposed risk-based treatment algorithm will be discussed.
Analyzing String Buffers in C (2000)

A buffer overrun occurs in a C program when input is read into a buffer whose length exceeds that of the buffer. Overruns often lead to crashes and are a widespread form of security vulnerability. This paper describes an analysis for detecting overruns before deployment which is conservative in the sense that it locates every possible buffer overrun. The paper details the subtle relationship between overrun analysis and pointer analysis and explains how buffers can be modeled with a linear number of variables. As far as we know, the paper gives the first formal account of how this software and security problem can be tackled with abstract interpretation, setting it on a firm, mathematical basis.
Effect of Microchannel Plate Design on Fluid Flow Uniformity at Low Flow Rates (2007)

Abstract In order to increase productivity of microfluidic contactors, a large number of units operating in parallel is required. For operations involving heat transfer, mass transfer and reactions, fluid velocity and residence time in the microchannels play a crucial role in system performance. Therefore it is important to design microstructures able to guarantee satisfactory flow equipartition within the microchannels. In this work, flow distribution in microstructured plates of varying geometries was investigated. CFD calculations showed that two‐dimensional simulations can be misleading in assessing flow maldistribution. Three‐dimensional models revealed the presence of a critical value of Reynolds number at which a transition occurs from a flow regime fully determined by viscous forces (where fluid distribution is independent of flow rate) to a regime where inertial effects start to affect fluid distribution. It was found that flow distribution improves by including fins in the plate to guide the flow, increasing the length of the fins and decreasing the plate width. Increasing the length of flow distribution chambers also improves flow uniformity but a limit is reached for the geometries considered, beyond which no further improvement is obtained. Furthermore, modification of the flow distribution chambers and positioning of the inlet and outlet in line with the microchannels can improve flow uniformity.
On the Modeling of Error Functions as High Dimensional Landscapes for Weight Initialization in Learning Networks (2016)

Next generation deep neural networks for classification hosted on embedded platforms will rely on fast, efficient, and accurate learning algorithms. Initialization of weights in learning networks has a great impact on the classification accuracy. In this paper we focus on deriving good initial weights by modeling the error function of a deep neural network as a high-dimensional landscape. We observe that due to the inherent complexity in its algebraic structure, such an error function may conform to general results of the statistics of large systems. To this end we apply some results from Random Matrix Theory to analyse these functions. We model the error function in terms of a Hamiltonian in N-dimensions and derive some theoretical results about its general behavior. These results are further used to make better initial guesses of weights for the learning algorithm.