gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DESIGN GUIDE FOR BOLTED JOINTS IN COMPOSITE STRUCTURES (1986)

A design guide was developed for bolted composite structural joints. The guide includes general design guidelines for the various joint parameters, an analytical design methodology, a description of the analytical design tools, an illustration of the use of corresponding computer codes (SASCJ and SAMCJ), and a listing of the computer codes. The proposed design procedure is purely analytical, ad enables the user to rapidly evaluate many different joint concepts for a selected application. When the bolted structure is fabricated using existing (fully characterized) materials, the design requires no complementary test results. Presented analytical design tools are currently restricted to primarily uniaxially loaded joints and fastener arrangements that are currently used in aircraft structures. Also, the bolted joint is assumed to be strength-critical. However, sample fatigue test results are presented to illustrate a durability check on the joint, assuming a simplified fatigue analysis and assuming that fatigue is induced by excessive hole elongation. Despite its current restrictions, this guide is the first government document that provides guidance and analytical tools for the design of bolted composite structures. Keywords: Bolted joints, composite structures, design guidelines, analytical design tools, user instructions, samples, program listing.
Characterisation of a Variegated Grapevine Mutant Showing Reduced Polyphenol Oxidase Activity (1992)

Fruit of the variegated grapevine mutant Bruce's Sport is known to dry to a lighter colour than other seedless varieties. The biochemical basis for this decreased browning capacity was investigated. Bruce's Sport grapes had similar levels of phenolic compounds to Sultana H5. Activity of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO EC 1.10.3.1) in mature berries of Bruce's Sport was only 20-30% of that in Sultana H5. No evidence of inhibitors or activators of PPO was found when berry extracts were mixed. PPO activity on a fresh weight basis was highest in the grape seed traces, intermediate in the skin, and lowest in the pulp in both varieties. In each tissue type, however, PPO activity in Bruce's Sport was less than 25% of that in Sultana H5. On a fresh weight basis, PPO activity in Sultana H5 berries was high at fruit set then declined as the berry developed. PPO activity per berry increased from fruit set until veraison, then remained constant. PPO activity showed similar changes during development of Bruce's Sport berries but was lower than in Sultana H5 at all stages. The Bruce's Sport grapes were variegated and the green regions of skin had similar PPO activity to Sultana H5 skin while the white regions had very low activity. Only the green regions of skin of Bruce's Sport grapes stained for PPO activity with endogenous or exogenously applied phenolic substrates. The decreased browning in this grapevine mutant apparently results from decreased levels of PPO activity in the white regions of the berry, possibly arising from a disruption in chloroplast development.
Graphene growth on polycrystalline Ru thin films (2009)

Monolayer graphene has been grown on polycrystalline Ru thin films on SiO2/Si substrates. The Ru films have columnar structure with strongly aligned grains exposing flat (0001) surface facets. Adjacent grains show small relative tilts of their [0001] axes and variations in in-plane orientation. Graphene layers grown on this template cover the entire surface and have uniform monolayer thickness. Analysis of the graphene/Ru moiré structure shows that monocrystalline graphene domains are coherent across a large number of substrate grains. Hence, the size of monolayer graphene domains is not limited by grain boundaries in the metal template.
Incorporation of a laser range scanner into image‐guided liver surgery: Surface acquisition, registration, and tracking (2003)

As image guided surgical procedures become increasingly diverse, there will be more scenarios where point-based fiducials cannot be accurately localized for registration and rigid body assumptions no longer hold. As a result, procedures will rely more frequently on anatomical surfaces for the basis of image alignment and will require intraoperative geometric data to measure and compensate for tissue deformation in the organ. In this paper we outline methods for which a laser range scanner may be used to accomplish these tasks intraoperatively. A laser range scanner based on the optical principle of triangulation acquires a dense set of three-dimensional point data in a very rapid, noncontact fashion. Phantom studies were performed to test the ability to link range scan data with traditional modes of image-guided surgery data through localization, registration, and tracking in physical space. The experiments demonstrate that the scanner is capable of localizing point-based fiducials to within 0.2 mm and capable of achieving point and surface based registrations with target registration error of less than 2.0 mm. Tracking points in physical space with the range scanning system yields an error of 1.4 +/- 0.8 mm. Surface deformation studies were performed with the range scanner in order to determine if this device was capable of acquiring enough information for compensation algorithms. In the surface deformation studies, the range scanner was able to detect changes in surface shape due to deformation comparable to those detected by tomographic image studies. Use of the range scanner has been approved for clinical trials, and an initial intraoperative range scan experiment is presented. In all of these studies, the primary source of error in range scan data is deterministically related to the position and orientation of the surface within the scanner's field of view. However, this systematic error can be corrected, allowing the range scanner to provide a rapid, robust method of acquiring anatomical surfaces intraoperatively.
Image quality and lifetime co-optimization in wireless multi-camera systems (2011)

We proposed a scheme to improve the lifetime of multi-camera system and the quality of its captured image by appropriate sharing of such resources among camera nodes as battery and memory based on low-power wireless communication links among camera nodes. The proposed scheme determines which camera node captures the event and which camera node stores the captured event by jointly considering residual battery charge, remaining memory space, wireless communication overhead, and the image quality captured by each camera node. Experimental result has shown that the proposed scheme achieves up to 4x lifetime extension as well as 43.19% improvement of the image quality (as measured by the face detection rate) compared to a conventional method [12].
Exaggerated Growth of Hexagonal Barium Titanate under Reducing Sintering Conditions (1996)

The influence of reducing sintering conditions on anisotropic grain growth in BaTiO 3 was studied above the BaTiO 3 ‐Ba 6 Ti 17 O 40 eutectic temperature. The morphology and structure of exaggeratedly grown grains was examined by X‐ray powder diffractometry, scanning electron micros‐copy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show that all anomalously grown anisotropic grains were hexagonal BaTiO 3 in the form of platelike crystals with a/c ratios up to 10. The direction of preferential growth of hexagonal grains is crystallographically analogous with that of parallel (111) twins in a cubic phase. Ti 3+ ions, induced by reducing atmosphere, play an important role in the formation of hexagonal stacking.
Handbook of transducers for electronic measuring systems (1969)

Handbook of transducers for electronic measuring systems covering operating principles, design features, etc
Inflammatory bowel disease in the elderly is associated with worse outcomes: A national study of hospitalizations (2008)

Older patients with IBD-related hospitalizations have substantial morbidity and higher mortality than younger patients. Further research is needed to better characterize the natural history and treatment outcomes in this cohort.
Clinical study of rhabdomyolysis developed after the training (2002)

목적: 저자들은 전투 경찰에서 흔히 실시되는 훈련 후 횡문근융해증과의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 전투경찰 173명을 대상으로 6일간 평균 매일 8시간에 걸쳐 PT체조훈련이 시행하였고,설문조사를 통해 개인당 훈련량을 조사하였다. 결과: 검사 결과 173명 중 98명에서 횡문근융해증을 진단 할 수 있었다. 혈중 마이오글로빈은 훈련량이 증가함에 따라 상승하는 소견을 보였다. 시간 경과에 따른 진행 과정을 볼 때, CPK, AST, 혈중 마이오글로빈은
Adaptive Biometric Systems (2019)

With the widespread of computing and mobile devices, authentication using biometrics has received greater attention. Although biometric systems usually provide good solutions, the recognition performance tends to be affected over time due to changing conditions and aging of biometric data, which results in intra-class variability. Adaptive biometric systems, which adapt the biometric reference over time, have been proposed to deal with such intra-class variability. This article provides the most up-to-date and complete discussion on adaptive biometrics systems we are aware of, including formalization, terminology, sources or variations that motivates the use of adaptation, adaptation strategies, evaluation methodology, and open challenges. This field of research is sometimes referred to as template update.
Pharmacologic Approaches to Radiation Protection (2007)

The concept of the therapeutic ratio (TR) is central to understanding the rationale for using radioprotectors. The TR relates tumor control probabilities and normal tissue complication probabilities to one another. An ideal radioprotector will reduce the latter without compromising the former. It should also be minimally toxic itself. Radioprotective strategies can be classified under the categories of protection, mitigation, and treatment. Protectors are administered before radiotherapy (RT) and are designed to prevent radiation-induced injury. Amifostine is the prototype drug. Mitigants are administered after RT but before the phenotypic expression of injury and are intended to ameliorate injury. Palifermin can be considered as the prototype mitigant. Treatment is a strategy that is predominantly palliative and supportive in nature. Pharmacologic radioprotective strategies should be integrated with physical strategies such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy to realize their maximum clinical potential.
Prospects for targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 in various tumor types. (2014)

Immune checkpoints, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or its receptor, programmed death 1 (PD-1), appear to be Achilles' heels for multiple tumor types. PD-L1 not only provides immune escape for tumor cells but also turns on the apoptosis switch on activated T cells. Therapies that block this interaction have demonstrated promising clinical activity in several tumor types. In this review, we will discuss the current status of several anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies in clinical development and their direction for the future.
Epitaxial Growth of n-Type 4H-SiC on 3" Wafers for Power Devices (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Receptor 1 Inhibition Aggravates Diabetic Nephropathy through eNOS Signaling Pathway in db/db Mice (2014)

The manipulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-receptors (VEGFRs) in diabetic nephropathy is as controversial as issue as ever. It is known to be VEGF-A and VEGFR2 that regulate most of the cellular actions of VEGF in experimental diabetic nephropathy. On the other hand, such factors as VEGF-A, -B and placenta growth factor bind to VEGFR1 with high affinity. Such notion instigated us to investigate on whether selective VEGFR1 inhibition with GNQWFI hexamer aggravates the progression of diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. While diabetes suppressed VEGFR1, it did increase VEGFR2 expressions in the glomerulus. Db/db mice with VEGFR1 inhibition showed more prominent features with respect to, albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion, inflammatory cell infiltration and greater numbers of apoptotic cells in the glomerulus, and oxidative stress than that of control db/db mice. All these changes were related to the suppression of diabetes-induced increases in PI3K activity and Akt phosphorylation as well as the aggravation of endothelial dysfunction associated with the inactivation of FoxO3a and eNOS-NOx. In cultured human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs), high-glucose media with VEGFR1 inhibition induced more apoptotic cells and oxidative stress than did high-glucose media alone, which were associated with the suppression of PI3K-Akt phosphorylation, independently of the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, and inactivation of FoxO3a and eNOS-NOx pathway. In addition, transfection with VEGFR1 siRNA in HGECs also suppressed PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling. In conclusion, the specific blockade of VEGFR1 with GNQWFI caused severe renal injury related to profound suppression of the PI3K-Akt, FoxO3a and eNOS-NOx pathway, giving rise to the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of glomerular cells in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
A Heme-binding Aspartic Proteinase from the Eggs of the Hard TickBoophilus microplus (2000)

An aspartic proteinase that binds heme with a 1:1 stoichiometry was isolated and cloned from the eggs of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. This proteinase, herein named THAP (tick heme-binding aspartic proteinase) showed pepstatin-sensitive hydrolytic activity against several peptide and protein substrates. Although hemoglobin was a good substrate for THAP, low proteolytic activity was observed against globin devoid of the heme prosthetic group. Hydrolysis of globin by THAP increased as increasing amounts of heme were added to globin, with maximum activation at a heme-to-globin 1:1 ratio. Further additions of heme to the reaction medium inhibited proteolysis, back to a level similar to that observed against globin alone. The addition of heme did not change THAP activity toward a synthetic peptide or against ribonuclease, a non-hemeprotein substrate. The major storage protein of tick eggs, vitellin (VT), the probable physiological substrate of THAP, is a hemeprotein. Hydrolysis of VT by THAP was also inhibited by the addition of heme to the incubation media. Taken together, our results suggest that THAP uses heme bound to VT as a docking site to increase specificity and regulate VT degradation according to heme availability.
PR_b-Targeted PEGylated Liposomes for Prostate Cancer Therapy (2008)

In recent years, there has been considerable effort in designing improved delivery systems by including site-directed surface ligands to further enhance their selective targeting. The goal of this study is to engineer alpha5beta1-targeted stealth liposomes (nanoparticles covered with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)) that will bind to alpha5beta1-expressing LNCaP human prostate cancer cells and efficiently release the encapsulated load intracellularly. For this purpose, liposomes (with and without PEG2000) were functionalized with a fibronectin-mimetic peptide (PR_b) and delivered to LNCaPs. The amount of PEG2000 and other liposomal components were characterized by 1H NMR, and the amount of peptide by the bicinchoninic acid protein assay. Fibronectin is the natural ligand for alpha5beta1, and a promising design for a fibronectinmimetic peptide includes both the primary binding site (RGD) and the synergy site (PHSRN) connected by a linker and extended off a surface by a spacer. We have previously designed a peptide-amphiphile, PRb, that employed a hydrophobic tail, connected to the N-terminus of a peptide headgroup composed of a spacer, the synergy site sequence, a linker mimicking both the distance and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity present in the native protein fibronectin (thus presenting an overall "neutral" linker), and finally the primary binding sequence. We have examined different liposomal formulations, functionalized only with PR_b or with PR_b and PEG2000. For PR_b-targeted PEGylated liposomes, efficient cell binding was observed for peptide concentrations of 2 mol % and higher. When compared to GRGDSP-targeted stealth liposomes, PR_b functionalization was superior to that of GRGDSP as shown by increased LNCaP binding, internalization efficiency, as well as cytotoxicity after incubation of LNCaPs with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-encapsulated liposomes. More importantly, PR_b is alpha5beta1-specific, whereas many integrins bind to small RGD peptides. Thus, the proposed PR_b-targeted delivery system has the potential to deliver a therapeutic payload to prostate cancer cells in an efficient and specific manner.
Reduction of CeO<sub>2</sub>by hydrogen. Magnetic susceptibility and Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements (1991)

The reduction of CeO2 by hydrogen has been studied from 300–1200 K by several complementary techniques: temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and magnetic susceptibility measurements, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), UV–VIS diffuse reflectance and X-ray photoelectron (XP) spectroscopy. Two CeO2 samples were used with B.E.T. surface areas of 115 and 5 m2 g–1, respectively. The concentration of Ce3+ was determined in situ by measuring the magnetic susceptibility and the CeIII photoemission line. The reduction began at 473 K, irrespective of the initial surface area of the ceria. In the case of the low-surface-area sample, an intermediate reduction step was observed between 573 and 623 K, corresponding to the reduction of the surface. This intermediate step was less easily observed in the case of the high-surface-area ceria. In both cases, the reduction led to a stabilised state with the formal composition CeO1.83. Temperatures higher than 923 K were required to reduce the ceria further. The surface CeIII content determined by XPS was close to that determined by magnetic susceptibility measurements. The intensity of the 17 000 cm–1 band in the UV–VIS reflectance spectrum also varied with the degree of reduction. Finally, the evolution of the surface species observed by IR spectroscopy was in good agreement with the results from the other techniques. The IR results indicated large changes in the concentration and nature of both the hydroxyl and the polydentate carbonate species during the reduction process. The adsorption of oxygen on samples previously reduced to the composition CeO1.83 led to almost complete reoxidation at room temperature. The state of the initial B.E.T. surface did not influence the oxidation process. A slight excess adsorption of oxygen was evident on the surface. This was thermodesorbed at 380 K under vacuum.
[Effects of Huatan Tongluo Granule on SOCS-3 and TNF-alpha expressions in patients with acute cerebral infarction]. (2010)

The acting mechanism of HTG for promoting nerve function recovery of ACI patients is possibly and closely related with the up-regulation of the inflammation suppressive factor SOCS-3, the down-regulation of the inflammation promoting factor TNF-alpha, and the elimination of secondary inflammatory injury after cerebral ischemia.
Lethal effect of recombinant human Fas ligand in mice pretreated with Propionibacterium acnes (1997)

Fas ligand (FasL) is a type II membrane protein. Binding of FasL to its receptor, Fas, induces apoptosis. Matrix metalloproteinase cleaves the membrane-bound human FasL to yield the active soluble form. Here, we have produced a large amount of human soluble rFasL using the yeast, Pichia pastoris. The purified rFasL was found to be glycosylated and to exist as a trimer. The rFasL was effective in inducing apoptosis in a Fas-expressing T cell or a fibroblast cell line. The ID50 of rFasL for mouse Fas-expressing T cells was about 0.5 ng/ml. The killing process with rFasL was quick. That is, >80% Fas-expressing mouse cells were killed within 1 h by a saturation concentration of human rFasL. Intravenous administration of 500 microg of human rFasL had a lethal effect in mice. When the mice were pretreated with Propionibacterium acnes, the subsequent injection of 30 microg of human rFasL induced hepatic failure and killed the mice within 24 h. These results indicated that the soluble human FasL is active in inducing apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, and its deleterious effect may be strengthened in patients who are suffering from bacterial infection.
Cover Image, Volume 179A, Number 4, April 2019 (2019)

The cover image is based on the Original Article Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in diverse populations by Kelly A. Duffy et al., DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61053.
Synthesis and biological properties of 2-, 5-, and 6-fluoronorepinephrines (1979)

2-Fluoro-, 5-fluoro- and 6-fluorodimethoxybenzaldehydes were prepared by photochemical decomposition of the corresponding diazonium fluoroborates. The aldehydes were converted to the cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers, which, in turn, were reduced to the dimethoxyphenethanolamines. Boron tribromide demethylation afforded the racemic ring-fluorinated norepinephrines. An alternate route, using the dibenzyloxyfluoroaldehyde, was also used to prepare 6-fluoronorepinephrine. The fluorine substituent markedly increases the phenolic acidities of these analogues. The biological properties conferred upon norepinephrine by the fluorine substituents in peripheral and central adrenergically responsive systems clearly demonstrate that 2-fluoronorepinephrine is a nearly a pure beta-adrenergic agonist, while 6-fluoronorepinephrine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist. 5-Fluoronorepinephrine retains both beta- and alpha-adrenergic agonist properties. Receptor-binding studies with specific radiolabeled ligands indicate that the specificity conferred by the site of fluorine substituents results from a change in the affinity of these analogues for the alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors.