gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STRAINS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; EVIDENCE FOR THEIR EVOLUTION FROM A SINGLE CLONE (1973)

SUMMARY Methicillin-resistant staphylococci are characterised by: (a) chromosomal resistance to streptomycin, (b) tetracycline resistance determined by a stable plasmid, (c) production of orange pigment, (d) a similar degree of survival on glass. We consider that all or almost all isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci have evolved from a single clone. If so, plasmids determining a variety of antibiotic resistances (penicillinase, penicillinase/fusidic acid, erythromycin, erythromycin/lincomycin, neomycin and chloramphenicol) have probably been acquired in recent years by their transfer from other strains. One isolate (no. 11164) has probably acquired novobiocin resistance by mutation and lost the genes determining pigment and survival. Strain no. 13136 contains a “penicillinase plasmid” with a molecular weight of about 20 million daltons and a plasmid specifying high-level resistance to tetracycline (MIC 200 μg per ml) of molecular weight about 2.9 million daltons. The latter plasmid was also present in other methicillin-resistant strains. After storage of strain no. 13136, some colonies were resistant to only low levels of tetracycline (MIC 2.5 μg per ml). In these derivatives, the “tetracycline plasmid” of molecular weight 2.9 million daltons was replaced by a plasmid of 2.2 million daltons. Although methicillin resistance can be lost irreversibly from strains nos. 13136, 2273 and 9463, no discrete CCC-DNA component corresponding to a plasmid determining this resistance was resolved in any of them.
Score and Rank Level Fusion Algorithms for Social Behavioral Biometrics (2020)

The goal of a biometric system is to recognize individuals based on their unique physiological or behavioral traits. Online Social Networking (OSN) platforms have become an integral part of the daily life of individuals, where they leave a recognizable trail of behavioral information. Social Behavioral Biometric (SBB), being an emerging trend, focuses on such trails to distinguish between individuals. This research investigates the impact of users’ writing profiles on OSN to conclude whether such profiles contribute to SBB. The distinctiveness of the SBB features that are extracted from the social behavioral data of Twitter is studied. A person identification system that relies on users’ writing profiles, reply, retweet, shared weblink, trendy topic networks and temporal profiles is proposed. Score and rank level weighted fusion algorithm performance is compared on a social interaction database of 241 Twitter users. The experimental results establish that the users’ writing profiles have the highest impact over other social biometric features and that score level fusion algorithms perform better than rank level fusion on SBB. The proposed system has achieved recognition rate of 99.45% at rank-1 after cross-validation using genetic algorithm based score level fusion algorithm. The system outperformed all prior researches on SBB in terms of identification accuracy.
Multiple assignment of component types to feeder slots on automated printed circuit card placement machines (2000)

This paper investigates the benefits of allowing specific component types to be assigned to more than one feeder location on a printed circuit card automated placement machine. Until this experimental work, no known study has ever reported the relative improvement in cycle time when multiple assignment of component types is allowed. An experiment was designed to find the card specifications and machine operational characteristics under which the benefits of multiple assignment would be most advantageous. An integer programming heuristic was used to solve industry representative data sets for a variety of operational characteristics. For these data, it was found that multiple assignment of component types could reduce cycle time. Over all operational scenarios considered, an approximate 8% reduction in cycle time could be realized by allowing multiple assignment of component types versus not allowing multiple assignment. For those operational scenarios found to be most benefited by multiple assignment, such as card type families with a high coefficient of component variation, allowing multiple assignment across machines showed reduction of the cycle time by approximately 15% versus the alternative where no multiple assignment is allowed.
Effects of Thyroid Hormone on GLUT4 Glucose Transporter Gene Expression and NIDDM in Rats (1997)

Previous studies have shown that T3 coordinately stimulates GLUT4-glucose transporter messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in mixed fiber-type skeletal muscle of the rat and produces a concomitant elevation in basal (noninsulin mediated) glucose uptake. The aim of the present study was to 1) determine the precise mechanism(s) for the T3-induced expression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle, and 2) investigate the potential benefits of T3 on noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Ten daily ip injections of T3 (100 micrograms/100 g BW) administered to hypothyroid male Sprague-Dawley rats, increased both GLUT4 mRNA and transcription approximately 70% (P < 0.05) in mixed fiber-type hindlimb skeletal muscle. Transcriptional induction was subsequently defined to be restricted to red (oxidative) muscle fibers (2.5-fold; P < 0.05), whereas GLUT4 protein was increased in both red and white (glycolytic) skeletal muscle. GLUT4 mRNA and protein expression were similarly inducible in the skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant Zucker rats. More importantly, T3 treatment totally ameliorated hyperinsulinemia in obese animals (P < 0.001), although their moderately elevated plasma glucose levels were not significantly altered. In conclusion, regulation of GLUT4 expression by T3 was shown to lie at the transcriptional level in red skeletal muscle, whereas in white muscle fiber types, it appears to operate via an alternative posttranscriptional mechanism. These data also support the potential of hormonally inducing glucose transporter expression in insulin-resistant muscle. However, high levels of T3 are associated with a number of adverse side-effects, in particular the stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Nevertheless, future studies may demonstrate, e.g. subthyrotoxic levels, to be similarly effective but without side effects, and thus perhaps find a clinical application in reducing both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in NIDDM.
Viral Load in the Natural History of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Infection: A Nested Case–Control Study (2011)

Viral load of newly detected infections and changes in viral load predict persistence and progression of HPV-16 infections.
Frequency and Determinants of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Deployment Among Primary Prevention Candidates With Subsequent Sudden Cardiac Arrest in the Community (2013)

Only one fifth of the sudden cardiac arrest cases in the community were eligible for a primary prevention ICD before the event, but among these, a small proportion (13%) were actually implanted. Although older age and comorbidity may explain nondeployment in a subgroup of these cases, other determinants such as socioeconomic factors, health insurance, patient preference, and clinical practice patterns warrant further detailed investigation.
Ensuring European leadership in the global marketplace (2001)

As European institutions seek greater integration and union in the twenty‐first century, their executives and managers need to acquire new leadership abilities. In the emerging global marketplace, European leadership requires learning a variety of such competencies. Post‐industrial management, for example, demands high performance in cultivating organizational alliances, partnerships and synergy across borders. Other new work culture challenges involve psychological contracts suitable within an international context and for an information age. Engaging in multicultural business not only means coping with local ethical perceptions, but providing appropriate transfer of technology. The global management system that is developed will manifest four basic dimensions: technical; economic; political; and cultural!Worldwide, the customers and employees in these market exchanges are people in transition – many are threatened by accelerating change. Some of these individuals and their institutions are experiencing an identity crisis in a work environment now dominated by technology and electronic commerce. It is a workplace characterized by mergers and acquisitions within and without one’s country. Thus, those who would desire to exercise greater European leadership within global enterprise are advised here to commit themselves to continuous learning and adaptation.
Targets for Anti-metastatic Drug Development (2013)

With a constant focus on the primary tumor, the current approaches in drug development in oncology yield dismal results. However over 90 percent of cancer deaths today are due to metastasis formation and yet there is no anti-metastatic drug on the market. Tumor cell migration is the essential prerequisite for invasion and metastasis formation. It is regulated by signal substances in terms of the grade of activity and in terms of direction (chemotaxis). The latter is important for the organotropism, the localization of metastasis in certain organs. Ligands to G protein-coupled receptors, mainly chemokines and neurotransmitters, as well as ligands to receptor kinases, mainly cytokines and growth factors, form the most important group of such regulators. We provide an overview of currently available agonists and antagonists to these receptors, which have a potential as anti-metastatic targets. Moreover we provide with the example of beta-blockers, how established drugs in other indications are possibly effective and can be co-opted as such anti-metastatics. The increasing knowledge of such regulators opens new opportunities to target cancer spreading and may put forth the development of antimetastatic drugs for oncological therapy. Keywords: Metastasis, invasion, cell migration, chemokines, cytokines, neurotransmitters.
Nasal IgA Provides Protection against Human Influenza Challenge in Volunteers with Low Serum Influenza Antibody Titre (2017)

In spite of there being a number of vaccines, influenza remains a significant global cause of morbidity and mortality. Understanding more about natural and vaccine induced immune protection against influenza infection would help to develop better vaccines. Virus specific IgG is a known correlate of protection, but other factors may help to reduce viral load or disease severity, for example IgA. In the current study we measured influenza specific responses in a controlled human infection model using influenza A/California/2009 (H1N1) as the challenge agent. Volunteers were pre-selected with low haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titres in order to ensure a higher proportion of infection; this allowed us to explore the role of other immune correlates. In spite of HAI being uniformly low, there were variable levels of H1N1 specific IgG and IgA prior to infection. There was also a range of disease severity in volunteers allowing us to compare whether differences in systemic and local H1N1 specific IgG and IgA prior to infection affected disease outcome. H1N1 specific IgG level before challenge did not correlate with protection, probably due to the pre-screening for individuals with low HAI. However, the length of time infectious virus was recovered from the nose was reduced in patients with higher pre-existing H1N1 influenza specific nasal IgA or serum IgA. Therefore, IgA contributes to protection against influenza and should be targeted in vaccines.
Low frequency sound propagation in activated carbon (2012)

Activated carbon can adsorb and desorb gas molecules onto and off its surface. Research has examined whether this sorption affects low frequency sound waves, with pressures typical of audible sound, interacting with granular activated carbon. Impedance tube measurements were undertaken examining the resonant frequencies of Helmholtz resonators with different backing materials. It was found that the addition of activated carbon increased the compliance of the backing volume. The effect was observed up to the highest frequency measured (500 Hz), but was most significant at lower frequencies (at higher frequencies another phenomenon can explain the behavior). An apparatus was constructed to measure the effective porosity of the activated carbon as well as the number of moles adsorbed at sound pressures between 104 and 118 dB and low frequencies between 20 and 55 Hz. Whilst the results were consistent with adsorption affecting sound propagation, other phenomena cannot be ruled out. Measurements of sorption isotherms showed that additional energy losses can be caused by water vapor condensing onto and then evaporating from the surface of the material. However, the excess absorption measured for low frequency sound waves is primarily caused by decreases in surface reactance rather than changes in surface resistance.
Metformin counters the insulin-induced suppression of fatty acid oxidation and stimulation of triacylglycerol storage in rodent skeletal muscle (2006)

The present study examined the acute effects of metformin on fatty acid (FA) metabolism in oxidative soleus (SOL) and glycolytic epitrochlearis (EPT) rodent muscle. SOL and EPT were incubated for either 30 or 180 min in the absence or presence of 2 mM metformin and with or without insulin (10 mU/ml). Metformin did not alter basal FA metabolism but countered the effects of insulin on FA oxidation and incorporation into triacylglyerol (TAG). Specifically, metformin prevented the insulin-induced suppression of FA oxidation in SOL but did not alter FA incorporation into lipid pools. In contrast, in EPT metformin blunted the incorporation of FA into TAG when insulin was present but did not alter FA oxidation. In SOL, metformin resulted in a 50% increase in AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 activity and prevented the insulin-induced increase in malonyl-CoA content. In both fiber types, basal and insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation were not significantly altered by metformin. All effects were similar regardless of whether they were measured after 30 or 180 min. Because increased muscle lipid storage and impaired FA oxidation have been associated with insulin resistance in this tissue, the ability of metformin to reverse these abnormalities in muscle FA metabolism may be a part of the mechanism by which metformin improves glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity. The present data also suggest that increased glucose clearance is not due to its enhanced subsequent oxidation. Additional studies are warranted to determine whether chronic metformin treatment has similar effects on muscle FA metabolism.
Migration of additives in polymers (1997)

Abstract The effects influencing the migration of different small molecular materials in polyethylene (PE) were studied. A decrease in weldability experienced after storage of the polymer at ambient and elevated temperatures was proved to be a result of migration of low molecular mass components of the polymer and some type of lubricants to the surface. Studies of different sorbitol fatty acid esters used as antifog agents in PE revealed that their mobility depends on the length of the hydrocarbon chain, while the antifog performance is influenced by the ratio of the OH groups to the hydrocarbon chain length.
Wiki credibility enhancement (2009)

Wikipedia has been very successful as an open encyclopedia which is editable by anybody. However, the anonymous nature of Wikipedia means that readers may have less trust since there is no way of verifying the credibility of the authors or contributors. We propose to automatically transfer external information about the authors from outside Wikipedia to Wikipedia pages. This additional information is meant to enhance the credibility of the content. For example, it could be the education level, professional expertise or affiliation of the author. We do this while maintaining anonymity. In this paper, we present the design and architecture of such system together with a prototype.
Mechanism of ToxT-Dependent Transcriptional Activation at the<i>Vibrio cholerae tcpA</i>Promoter (2002)

The AraC homolog ToxT coordinately regulates virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. ToxT is required for transcriptional activation of the genes encoding cholera toxin and the toxin coregulated pilus, among others. In this work we focused on the interaction of ToxT with the tcpA promoter and investigated the mechanism of ToxT-dependent transcriptional activation at tcpA. Deletion analysis showed that a region from -95 to +2 was sufficient for ToxT binding and activation, both of which were simultaneously lost when the deletion was extended to -63. A collection of point mutations generated by error-prone PCR revealed two small regions required for ToxT-dependent transactivation. Binding studies performed with representative mutations showed that the two regions define sites at which ToxT binds to the tcpA promoter region, most likely as a dimer. Results obtained by using a rpoA truncation mutation showed that ToxT-dependent activation at tcpA involves the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase alpha subunit. A model of ToxT-dependent transcriptional activation at tcpA is proposed, in which ToxT interacts with two A-rich regions of tcpA centered at -72 and -51 and requires the alpha C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase.
Fatty Acylation Of Proteins (1988)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Multimodal Wearable Sensing for Fine-Grained Activity Recognition in Healthcare (2015)

State-of-the-art in-home activity recognition schemes with wearable devices are mostly capable of detecting coarse-grained activities (sitting, standing, walking, or lying down), but can't distinguish complex activities (sitting on the floor versus the sofa or bed). Such schemes often aren't effective for emerging critical healthcare applications -- for example, in remote monitoring of patients with Alzheimer's disease, bulimia, or anorexia -- because they require a more comprehensive, contextual, and fine-grained recognition of complex daily user activities. Here, a novel approach for in-home, fine-grained activity recognition uses multimodal wearable sensors on multiple body positions, along with lightly deployed Bluetooth beacons in the environment. In particular, this solution exploits measuring user's ambient environment and location context with wearable sensing and Bluetooth beacons, along with user movement captured with accelerometer and gyroscope sensors. The proposed algorithm is a two-level supervised classifier with both levels running on a server. In the first level, multisensor data from wearables on each body position are collected and analyzed using the proposed modified conditional random field (CRF)-based supervised activity classifier. The classified activity state from each of the wearables data are then fused for deciding the user's final activity state. Preliminary experimental results are presented on the classification of 19 complex daily activities of a user at home.
Paclitaxel (Taxol)/carboplatin combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. (2000)

The activity of paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) in advanced ovarian cancer, both as a single agent and in combination chemotherapy, has been demonstrated in numerous phase I/II trials. Paclitaxel/platinum combinations have produced encouraging results in phase III trials and are now considered standard therapy for advanced disease. Carboplatin, an effective but more tolerable analog of cisplatin, has been substituted for cisplatin to reduce the toxicity of the paclitaxel/cisplatin regimen. A recent phase III equivalency trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG 158) was conducted to rigorously compare paclitaxel/carboplatin with paclitaxel/cisplatin in the treatment of optimal stage III ovarian cancer. In a preliminary analysis of this trial, paclitaxel/carboplatin was better tolerated with no apparent difference in efficacy from paclitaxel/cisplatin. The improved toxicity profile and equivalent activity of paclitaxel/carboplatin also are suggested by preliminary results from other phase III trials. The results indicate that paclitaxel/carboplatin has a higher therapeutic index and is preferred over paclitaxel/cisplatin for advanced ovarian cancer.
Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers for Drug Delivery (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Synthesis of Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers Intracellular Drug Delivery Biodistribution and Safety Future Prospects and Conclusions References
Reduction of absorption loss due to iron ions in fluoride glasses (1985)

A new approach to the reduction of absorption loss due to iron ions in fluoride glasses is reported. The absorption loss has been substantially reduced by oxidising ferrous to ferric ions under an NF3 atmosphere.
Structure-Dependent Charge Density as a Determinant of Antimicrobial Activity of Peptide Analogues of Defensin (2009)

Defensins are small (3-5 kDa) cysteine-rich cationic proteins found in both vertebrates and invertebrates constituting the front line of host innate immunity. Despite intensive research, bactericidal and cytotoxic mechanisms of defensins are still largely unknown. Moreover, we recently demonstrated that small peptides derived from defensins are even more potent bactericidal agents with less toxicity toward host cells. In this paper, structures of three C-terminal (R36-K45) analogues of human beta-defensin-3 were studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and extensive molecular dynamics simulations. Because of indications that these peptides might target the inner bacterial membrane, they were reconstituted in dodecylphosphocholine or dodecylphosphocholine/1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] mixed micelles, and lipid bicelles mimicking the phospholipid-constituted bilayer membrane of mammalian and bacterial cells. The results show that the binding affinity and partitioning into the lipid phase and the ability to dimerize and accrete well-defined structures upon interactions with lipid membranes contribute to compactization of positive charges within peptide oligomers. The peptide charge density, mediated by corresponding three-dimensional structures, was found to directly correlate with the antimicrobial activity. These novel observations may provide a new rationale for the design of improved antimicrobial agents.
Channel model for tyre pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) (2010)

Tyre pressure monitoring systems rely on radio transmissions to transfer measurement data from the sensors to the vehicle body. These systems operate on a propagation channel which is time variant and introduces Doppler shifts due to vehicle movements. In the following paper we investigate these effects. First we propose, develop and characterise a channel model for TPMS, which is comprised of a deterministic and a stochastic component. In a second part channel simulations with an arbitrary vehicle model are presented to gain insight to the behaviour of TPMS channels. Finally an example out of a series of static channel measurements is shown.