gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Androgenesis and conservation of fishes (2003)

Due to non-visibility of egg nucleus, the established scheme of nuclear manipulation to clone fi sh may prove a difficult task. However, fishes are amenable for i n ter -specific androgenetic cloning. A recent discovery of using cadaveric sperm to successfully generate pro-genies has opened the possibility of adopting a simple, widely practicable method of post-mortem preserved (at – 20°C) sperm to induce androgenesis. Inactivation of maternal genome by UV -irradiation and activation of genome-inactivated homologous or heterologous egg by a single diploid or two haploid fresh or pre-served sperms are some landmark events, which have not only accelerated research activity but also focused on the importance of androgenesis in aquaculture and conservation of fish germplasm. With the absence of acrosome in the teleostean sperm, fertilization in fish is not a species -specific event. Eggs of many teleostsresearch groups have restored a fish spare amenable for heterospecific insemination. Su cces -sful heterospecific insemination results in activation or fertilization of an ovum of an alien species and is the most important strategic step for induction of interspecific androgenetic cloning. Polyspermy, espe-cially dispermy occurs in nature and can be experi-mentally achieved after incubation of the milt in calcium chloride or polyethylene glycol. The paternal origin of androgenotes is verified using selected phe-notypic, protein and/or molecular markers as well as karyotyping and progeny testing. Recently, reporter genes, the green fluorescent protein gene and the Tc1 transposan -specific marker have also been used. While confirming the paternity of androgenotes, progeny testing has also indicated the unexpected occurrence of females, which are, however, shown to carry XY genotype. Survival of androgenotes can be improved using a single diploid, rather than two ha p loid sperms for activation. About 84% androgenotes succumb during embryonic development. Haploid genome reg u lates the time scale of developmental sequence in both homologous and heterologous eggs of Puntius spp., as effectively as that of diploid. A couple of ecies using its preserved sperm and genome-inactivated eggs of another species. A comparison on the source, tech-nique and genomes used for generation of clones of mammals and andr ogenetic clones of fishes indicates that from the point of conservation and a quaculture, interspecific androgenetic cloning in fishes has an edge over that of ma m mals. I
A new SiO<inf>2</inf>growth by Fluorine-enhanced thermal oxidation (1984)

A new low-temperature oxidation technique for silicon to obtain a high quality Si-SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> interface is developed. A few tens nanometer thick oxide layer can be grown for 30 min at temperatures between 600 and 800°C by adding a few hundred ppm NF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> gas into a dry oxygen atmosphere. Fluorine atoms incorporated in the oxide layer are substituted by oxygen atoms through post-annealing in pure oxygen gas at the same temperature as oxidation. The interface state density is as low as 2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> eV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> near midgap for oxide grown at 800 °C and is 8×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> eV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> even for oxide at 600°C.
Animal models of polymicrobial pneumonia (2015)

Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of severe and occasionally life-threatening infections. The physiopathology of pneumonia has been extensively studied, providing information for the development of new treatments for this condition. In addition to in vitro research, animal models have been largely used in the field of pneumonia. Several models have been described and have provided a better understanding of pneumonia under different settings and with various pathogens. However, the concept of one pathogen leading to one infection has been challenged, and recent flu epidemics suggest that some pathogens exhibit highly virulent potential. Although "two hits" animal models have been used to study infectious diseases, few of these models have been described in pneumonia. Therefore the aims of this review were to provide an overview of the available literature in this field, to describe well-studied and uncommon pathogen associations, and to summarize the major insights obtained from this information.
Image De-raining Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (2017)

Severe weather conditions such as rain and snow adversely affect the visual quality of images captured under such conditions thus rendering them useless for further usage and sharing. In addition, such degraded images drastically affect performance of vision systems. Hence, it is important to solve the problem of single image de-raining/de-snowing. However, this is a difficult problem to solve due to its inherent ill-posed nature. Existing approaches attempt to introduce prior information to convert it into a well-posed problem. In this paper, we investigate a new point of view in addressing the single image de-raining problem. Instead of focusing only on deciding what is a good prior or a good framework to achieve good quantitative and qualitative performance, we also ensure that the de-rained image itself does not degrade the performance of a given computer vision algorithm such as detection and classification. In other words, the de-rained result should be indistinguishable from its corresponding clear image to a given discriminator. This criterion can be directly incorporated into the optimization framework by using the recently introduced conditional generative adversarial networks (GANs). To minimize artifacts introduced by GANs and ensure better visual quality, a new refined loss function is introduced. Based on this, we propose a novel single image de-raining method called Image De-raining Conditional General Adversarial Network (ID-CGAN), which considers quantitative, visual and also discriminative performance into the objective function. Experiments evaluated on synthetic images and real images show that the proposed method outperforms many recent state-of-the-art single image de-raining methods in terms of quantitative and visual performance.
RECRUITMENT OF <i>MICROCYSTIS</i> (CYANOPHYCEAE) FROM LAKE SEDIMENTS: THE IMPORTANCE OF LITTORAL INOCULA<sup>1</sup> (2003)

Recruitment of Microcystis from sediments to the water column was investigated in shallow (1–2 m) and deep (6–7 m) areas of Lake Limmaren, central Sweden. Recruitment traps attached to the bottom were sampled on a weekly basis throughout the summer season ( June–September). A comparison between the two sites showed that the recruitment from the shallow bay was significantly higher over the entire season for all three Microcystis species present in the lake. Maximum rates of recruitment were found in August, when 2.3 × 10 5 colonies m − 2 ·day − 1 left the sediments of the shallow area. Calculated over the entire summer, Microcystis colonies corresponding to 50% of the initial abundance in the surface sediments were recruited in the shallow bay, whereas recruitment from the deep area was only 8% of the sediment colonies. From these results we conclude that shallow areas, which to a large extent have been overlooked in studies of recruitment of phytoplankton, may be crucial to the dynamics of these organisms by playing an important role as inoculation sites for pelagic populations.
Frequency-Specific Modulation of Vestibular-Evoked Sway Responses in Humans (2009)

Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) results in characteristic muscle and whole-body responses in humans maintaining standing balance. However, the relationship between these two vestibular-evoked responses remains elusive. This study seeks to determine whether mechanical filtering from conversion of lower-limb muscle activity to body sway, during standing balance, can be used to attenuate sway while maintaining biphasic lower-limb muscle responses using frequency-limited stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS). We hypothesized that SVS deprived of frequencies <2 Hz would evoke biphasic muscle responses with minimal whole-body sway due to mechanical filtering of the higher-frequency muscle responses. Subjects were exposed to five stimulus bandwidths: two meant to induce sway responses (0-1 and 0-2 Hz) and three to dissociate vestibular-evoked muscle responses from whole-body sway (0-25, 1-25, and 2-25 Hz). Two main results emerged: 1) SVS-related sway was attenuated when frequencies <2 Hz were excluded, whereas multiphasic muscle and force responses were retained; and 2) the gain of the estimated transfer functions exhibited successive low-pass filtering of vestibular stimuli during conversion to muscle activity, anteroposterior (AP) moment, and sway. This successive low-pass filtering limited the transfer of signal power to frequencies <20 Hz in muscle activity, <5 Hz in AP moment, and <2 Hz in AP trunk sway. Consequently, the present results show that SVS delivered at frequencies >2 Hz to standing humans do not cause a destabilizing whole-body sway response but are associated with the typical biphasic lower-limb muscle responses.
Focal Adhesion Kinase Splice Variants Maintain Primitive Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Through Altered Wnt Signaling (2012)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity contributes to many advanced cancer phenotypes, but little is known about its role in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show that FAK splice variants are abnormally expressed in the primitive leukemic cells of poor prognosis AML patients. In the CD34(+) 38(-) 123(+) long-term culture-initiating cell-enriched leukemic cells of these patients, FAK upregulates expression of Frizzled-4 and phosphorylates Pyk2 to enable the required association of Pyk2 with the Wnt5a/Frizzled-4/LRP5 endocytosis complex and downstream activation of β-catenin, thereby replacing the Wnt3a-controlled canonical pathway used by normal hematopoietic stem cells. Transduction of primitive normal human hematopoietic cells with FAK splice variants induces a marked increase in their clonogenic activity and signaling via the Wnt5a-controlled canonical pathway. Targeting FAK or β-catenin efficiently eradicates primitive leukemic cells in vitro suggesting that FAK could be a useful therapeutic target for improved treatment of poor prognosis AML cases.
Sound Synthesizer And Acoustic Measurement System For Psychoacoustic Research (2005)

A digital-signal-processor-based laboratory system is described that was developed for psychoacoustic experimentation and acoustic calibration. The functionality of the system can be changed in arbitrary ways by downloading program files from a host computer to program memory. Sampled data for sound synthesis can be downloaded to data memory and measurement results can be uploaded to the host computer for further analysis. The system is currently used as a real-ear-measurement system to monitor sounds in the ear canal of hearing-impaired listeners and to characterize hearing-aid performance. The program repertoire is being expanded to include various psychoacoustic and acoustic measurements.
Ultrasound of Fetal Cardiac Anomalies (2011)

Ultrasound of Fetal Cardiac AnomaliesPrabhakar Rajiah1, Ceayee Mak2, Theodore J. Dubinksy3 and Manjiri Dighe3Audio Available | Share
Oxidative stability of mayonnaise containing structured lipids produced from sunflower oil and caprylic acid (2003)

Abstract Mayonnaise based on enzymatically produced specific structured lipid (SL) from sunflower oil and caprylic acid was compared with mayonnaise based on traditional sunflower oil (SO) or chemically randomized lipid (RL) with respect to their oxidative stability, sensory and rheological properties. Furthermore, the potential antioxidative effect of adding lactoferrin, propyl gallate or EDTA to the mayonnaise with SL was also investigated. Mayonnaise based on SL oxidized faster than mayonnaise based on RL or SO. The reduced oxidative stability in the SL mayonnaise could not be ascribed to a single factor, but was most likely influenced by the structure of the lipid, the lower tocopherol content and the higher initial levels of lipid hydroperoxides and secondary volatile oxidation compounds in the SL itself compared with the RL and traditional sunflower oil employed. EDTA was a strong antioxidant, while propyl gallate and lactoferrin did not exert any antioxidative effect in the SL mayonnaise.
Evaluation of adriamycin and dibromodulcitol in metastatic breast carcinoma. (1977)

A phase 1 to 2 evaluation of a combination of adriamycin (ADR) and dibromodulcitol (DBD) was performed in patients with progressive, metastatic breast carcinoma. All but one patient had been treated previously with chemotherapy. ADR was given on Day 1 or Days 1 and 8, and DBD was given on Days 1 to 10 of each 21- to 28-day treatment cycle. Side effects were evaluable in 54 patients, and 50 patients were evaluable for therapeutic response. The dose-limiting toxicities were leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The severity of both toxicities increased as both the ADR and DBD doses increased; however, the effect of increases in DBD dose was much more profound. The mean white blood cell count and platelet nadirs occurred, respectively, on Days 15.3 and 15.9; both nadirs were delayed for 0.6 day by each 30-mg/sq m/day increase in the DBD dose and delayed for 1.7 to 3.9 days using the Day 1, 8 rather than the Day 1 ADR schedule Recovery of the peripheral counts by Day 29 was prolonged by the Day 1, 8 ADR schedule and by increasing the DBD dose. A tolerable dose schedule for previously treated patients was considered to be ADR, 40 mg/sq m on Day 1, and DBD, 135 mg/sq m on Days 1 to 10 repeated every 28 days. Responses were observed in 46% (23 of 50) of the patients. There were 1 complete remission, 19 partial remissions, and 3 improvements. Thirteen patients showed no change and 14 developed progressive disease. There were responses in 13 of 37 (36%) with visceral dominant disease as compared to 7 of 8 (87%) with osseous and 3 of 5 (60%) with soft tissue-dominant disease. There were 22 of 48 (46%) responses in patients previously exposed to alkylating agent therapy. Twnety-two patients had responded and 19 had failed to respond to prior alkylating agent-containing regimens; the response rates to DBD in these groups were respectively, 45 and 42%. The median time to remission was 29 days. The median time to therapeutic failure was 5.1 months for responders, 2.3 months for patients with no change, and 29 days for progressors. The combination of ADR and DBD appears to be an active and well-tolerated program in patients with previously treated metastatic breast carcinoma.
Using Additive to Improve Cold Start in Ethanol–Fuelled Vehicles (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Ethanol has been adopted as an alternative fuel to gasoline, especially in the Brazilian automotive market. The chemical properties of this fuel imposes difficulties for cold start and operation during the warm up period. To minimize this problem, up to the present ethanol–fuelled vehicles are equipped with a reservoir of gasoline, which is injected in small percentages in the cylinder at the start–up of the engine. This solution is not seen as a definitive one, because of the extra cost of the gasoline system, and because the results obtained are not entirely convincing. In this work MTBE (Methyl–t–butyl–ether) has been tested as an additive to ethanol to improve its cold start characteristics. Results have shown immediate start of the engine at temperatures as low as –6 degrees centigrade. Emissions levels for exhaust hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and aldehydes were reduced, while carbon monoxide showed an increase for the ethanol–MTBE blend, when compared to pure ethanol. Fuel consumption was lower, torque hardly varied, and an increase in power was noticed when the vehicle was operated with blended fuel.</div>
Geological impacts on coastal wetland landscapes: some general effects of sediment autocompaction in the Holocene of northwest Europe (1999)

A simulation model is described providing general insights into autocompaction effects in stratigraphic sequences formed on coastal mudflats and marshes over uneven basements. Lithological units and buried landscapes are progressively displaced and distorted, the synthetic sequences resembling bedding geometries described from the northwest European Holocene. Autocompaction also promotes local deposition rates that may greatly exceed the rates at which accommodation space is created. Transgressive silts are associated with especially large deposition rates, because of the high compressibility of underlying peats. The experimental relationships between apparent rates of sea-level rise and bed thickness resemble empirical trends for the Holocene. The latter are, however, reinforced by an ‘intrinsic’, lithology-related effect not included in the model.
Patent image retrieval (2011)

Drawings are an important component of patents, and many search tasks in the intellectual property domain rely on the comparison of patent drawings. In this paper, we begin with a review of algorithms developed for the automated retrieval of similar images in the patent domain. There is however a larger body of research dedicated to analysis and retrieval of images found in technical documents that is also applicable to the images found in patents. We present an overview of this research for technical drawings, diagrams, charts, plots and chemical structures. Finally, we discuss the evaluation of image retrieval for patents, including short descriptions of the new patent image evaluation tasks in the CLEF-IP and TREC-CHEM evaluation campaigns in 2011.
Molecular Basis of the Dynamic Strength of the Sialyl Lewis X—Selectin Interaction (2004)

The selectins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell adhesion molecules that facilitate the initial attachment of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium by binding to a carbohydrate moiety as exemplified by the tetrasaccharide, sialyl Lewis X (sLeX). An important property of the selectin-sLeX interaction is its ability to withstand the hydrodynamic force of the blood flow. Herein, we used single-molecule dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) to identify the molecular determinants within sLeX that give rise to the dynamic properties of the selectin/sLeX interaction. Our atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements revealed that the unbinding of the selectin/sLeX complexes involves overcoming at least two activation barriers. The inner barrier, which determines the dynamic response of the complex at high forces, is governed by the interaction between the Fuc residue of sLeX and a Ca2+ ion chelated to the lectin domain of the selectin molecule, whereas the outer activation barrier can be attributed to interactions involving the sialic acid residue of sLeX. Due to their steep inner activation barriers, the selectin-sLeX complexes are less sensitive to high pulling forces. Hence, besides its contribution to the bond energy, the Ca2+ ion also grants the selectin-sLeX complexes a tensile strength that is crucial for the selectin-mediated rolling of leukocytes.
CHEETAH: circuit-switched high-speed end-to-end transport architecture (2003)

Leveraging the dominance of Ethernet in LANs and SONET/SDH in MANs and WANs, we propose a service called CHEETAH (Circuit-switched High-speed End-to-End Transport ArcHitecture). The service concept is to provide end hosts with high-speed, end-to-end circuit connectivity on a call-by-call shared basis, where a "circuit" consists of Ethernet segments at the ends that are mapped into Ethernet-over-SONET long-distance circuits. This paper focuses on the file-transfer application for such circuits. For this application, the CHEETAH service is proposed as an add-on to the primary Internet access service already in place for enterprise hosts. This allows an end host that is sending a file to first attempt setting up an end-to-end Ethernet/EoS circuit, and if rejected, fall back to the TCP/IP path. If the circuit setup is successful, the end host will enjoy a much shorter file-transfer delay than on the TCP/IP path. To determine the conditions under which an end host with access to the CHEETAH service should attempt circuit setup, we analyze mean file-transfer delays as a function of call blocking probability in the circuit-switched network, probability of packet loss in the IP network, round-trip times, link rates, and so on.
Rapid communication: nucleotide sequence of chamois, alpine ibex, and red deer tRNA(Lys) and ATPase8 mitochondrial genes. (1999)

Journal Article Rapid communication: nucleotide sequence of chamois, alpine ibex, and red deer tRNA Lys and ATPase8 mitochondrial genes Get access Ernestina Saulle, Ernestina Saulle †Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Simona Di Pasquale, Simona Di Pasquale ‡Laboratorio di Alimenti, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marco Tartaglia Marco Tartaglia †Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy 2To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mtartaglia@iss.it. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Animal Science, Volume 77, Issue 12, December 1999, Pages 3398–3399, https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.77123398x Published: 01 December 1999 Article history Received: 18 December 1998 Accepted: 01 July 1999 Published: 01 December 1999
Regioselective multicomponent sequential synthesis of hydantoins (2012)

The development of new practical and green methods for the synthesis of small heterocycles is an attractive area of research due to the well-known potential of heterocyclic small molecule scaffolds in the drug discovery process. Herein we report a one-pot, three-component sequential procedure for the synthesis of diversely 1,3,5- and 1,3,5,5-substituted hydantoins, in high yields and very mild conditions, using readily accessible starting materials such as azides, iso(thio)cyanates and substituted α-halo-acetic carboxylic acids. This methodology is especially convenient for the synthesis of spiro-hydantoins, which are particularly interesting bioactive compounds in medicinal chemistry.