gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological and Chemical Degradation of Atrazine in Three Oregon Soils (1972)

Microbial degradation of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine (atrazine) and 2-hydroxy-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine (hydroxyatrazine) was investigated in three Oregon soils. Hydrolysis of atrazine was determined by the presence of 14 C-hydroxyatrazine in methanol extracts. Respired 14 CO 2 from the 14 C-ethyl side chain of atrazine represented less than 10% of the added 14 C in the soils after 28 days. Degradation was dependent on soil type, atrazine concentration, and moisture content. The isopropyl and ring constituents of atrazine were subject to minimal attack. The hydroxyatrazine ring was attacked more readily than the atrazine ring. Hydroxyatrazine accounted for approximately 10% of the extracted 14 C from 14 C-atrazine-treated Parkdale-A, Parkdale-C, and Coker soils and 40% from the Woodburn soil. Hydrolysis was the dominant pathway of detoxification in the Woodburn soil, whereas detoxification of atrazine in Parkdale-A, Parkdale-C, and Coker soils was a combination of chemical hydrolysis and slow microbial degradation by N -dealkylation of the ethyl side chain constituent.
11 <i>β</i> ‐Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition in type 2 diabetes mellitus (2010)

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) catalyses the intracellular conversion of inert cortisone to physiologically active cortisol, functioning to enhance local cortisol action beyond what would be predicted based on simple plasma exposures. Adipose tissue overexpression of 11β-HSD1 in rodents to levels observed in human obesity can lead to a near complete metabolic syndrome phenotype, and inhibition of 11β-HSD1 has been proposed to be of potential therapeutic benefit to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently published clinical results with the selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, INCB13739, have, for the first time, provided evidence substantiating this hypothesis, and suggest that 11β-HSD1 activity may be important in regulating glycaemia and cardiometabolic risk. In patients with T2DM failing metformin monotherapy, INCB13739 treatment achieves significant reductions in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and when present improves hyperlipidaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. Interestingly, these positive effects are observed primarily in subjects categorized as obese (body mass index, BMI > 30 kg/m²) and not in subjects categorized as overweight (BMI ≤ 30 kg/m²), underscoring the likely importance of adipose tissue 11β-HSD1 activity to the cardiometabolic sequelae of obesity. This review summarizes the therapeutic rationale for 11β-HSD1 inhibition, and describes in detail the metabolic and endocrinologic changes observed in patients with T2DM treated with INCB13739.
Development of a polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis (1992)

We developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test for detecting the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Genomic libraries were constructed from two independent clinical isolates of T. vaginalis. From these libraries, 12 genomic clones were purified, sequenced, and then screened for uniqueness by computer-assisted sequence comparisons. PCR reactions were performed to evaluate eight PCR-primer pairs, including a primer pair that targeted the T. vaginalis ferredoxin gene. All eight primer pairs yielded PCR products of the expected sizes. However, six of the primer pairs amplified their respective target sequences in limited numbers of clinical T. vaginalis isolates, suggesting the presence of significant genomic variability among isolates. An exception was a primer pair, termed TVA5-TVA6, that amplified a 102-bp genomic sequence, termed A6p, in all of 24 clinical isolates. The A6p sequence was not detected by PCR in human DNA or in a wide variety of flagellates, ciliates, or bacteria tested. The A6p sequence appears highly selective for a broad range of T. vaginalis isolates and holds promise for PCR-based diagnosis of the parasite.
A low-power direct conversion receiver module for C-band wireless applications (2002)

In this paper, we present the first low-power direct conversion receiver module for broadband wireless applications at C-band. This module is composed of a highly-integrated receiver MMIC fabricated in a 0.6 /spl mu/m commercial GaAs MESFET process mounted on a LTCC substrate with an integrated multi-layer three-dimensional front-end filter. With only 25 mW of dc power consumption, this receiver module demonstrates a conversion gain of 9 dB, NF of 4.7 dB, dc offset below -70 dBm, IIP2 of +30 dBm, and IIP3 of -10 dBm at 5.8 GHz.
Control of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato by two leguminous plants (1992)

Summary - Root galling of tomato due to Meloidogyne incognila was significantly reduced when the tropicallegumes Pueraria phaseoloides and Arachis pintoiwere co-cultured with tomato. Four other legumes tested had no effect on root galling. Soluble lectin homologs which reacted with antisera to Con A and PHA were detected by ELISA in root exudates of A. pintoi. Antisera to root exudates of P. phaseoloides reacted only with lectin homologs to PHA. The presence of these soluble lectins in root exudates is postulated as being responsible for the anti-nematodal properties of these legumes. The CUITent experiments effectively eliminate the possibility that the described effects on root-knot suppression accrue from leakage of lectins from damaged legume roots. Molecules homologous to Phaseolus vulgaris Jectin were most abundant in plant parts and seeds of both P. phaseoloidesand A. pin/oi. Resume - Controle de Meloidogyne incognita sur tomate a l'aide de legumineuses - Les galles racinaires des tomates causees par Meloidogyne incogni/a sont reduites de maniere significative quand ces tomates sont cultivees en association etroite avec deux legumineuses tropicales, Pueraria phaseoloides et Arachis pintoi. Les essais concernant quatre autres legumineuses n'ont pas donne le meme resultat. De faibles taux de lectines solubles reagissant avec l'antiserum a Con A et PHA ont ete detectes, grâce au test ELISA, dans les exsudats radiculaires de A. pin/oi. L'antiserum aux exsudats radiculaires de P. phaseoloides reagit avec les lectines homologues de PHA. Il est suppose que la presence de ces lectines solubles dans les exsudats radiculaires est responsable des proprietes anti-nematodes de ces legumineuses. Une molecule semblable a la lectine de Phaseolus vulgaris est presente en abondance dans les graines et dans certaines parties de deux legumineuses P. phaseoloides et A. pin/oi.
Local electric and magnetic fields in semicontinuous metal films: Beyond the quasistatic approximation (2000)

A theory of optical, infrared, and microwave response of metal-dielectric inhomogeneous films is developed. The generalized Ohm's law is formulated for the important case, when the inhomogeneity length scale is comparable with or larger than the skin (penetration) depth in metal grains. In this approach electric and magnetic fields outside a film can be related to the currents inside the film. Our computer simulations, with the use of the generalized Ohm's law approximation, reproduce the experimentally observed prominent absorption band near the percolation threshold. Calculations show that the local electric and magnetic fields experience giant spatial fluctuations. The fields are localized in small spatially separated peaks: electric and magnetic hot spots. In these hot spots the local fields (both electric and magnetic) exceed the applied field by several orders of magnitude. It is also shown that transmittance of a regular array of small holes in a metal film is strongly enhanced when the incident wave is in resonance with surface polaritons in the film. In addition, there is a skin resonance in transmission, which is of a purely geometrical nature.
Breast imaging: dual-energy projection radiography with digital radiography. (1987)

Dual-energy projection radiography was applied to breast examinations. To perform the dual-energy subtraction radiography with use of a digital radiography unit, high- and low-energy projections were made at an appropriate time interval under differing x-ray exposure conditions. Dual-energy projection radiography appears to offer clear, detailed images and may be a useful supplement to standard mammography.
Automated security investment analysis of dynamic networks (2018)

It is important to assess the cost benefits of IT security investments. Typically, this is done by manual risk assessment process. In this paper, we propose an approach to automate this using graphical security models (GSMs). GSMs have been used to assess the security of networked systems using various security metrics. Most of the existing GSMs assumed that networks are static, however, modern networks (e.g., Cloud and Software Defined Networking) are dynamic with changes. Thus, it is important to develop an approach that takes into account the dynamic aspects of networks. To this end, we automate security investments analysis of dynamic networks using a GSM named Temporal-Hierarchical Attack Representation Model (T-HARM) in order to automatically evaluate the security investments and their effectiveness for a given period of time. We demonstrate our approach via simulations.
A Newfoundland cohort of familial and sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients: clinical and genetic features (2012)

The proportion of familial cases in our cohort is higher than any previously reported estimate and we suggest that this is due to the fact that Newfoundland cohort is ethnically homogeneous and drawn from a founder population. In our patient collection, diagnosis with IPF prior to age 45 years predicted familial disease. In two of the three TERT mutation families, the pedigree appearance is consistent with genetic anticipation. In the other 25 FPF families negative for mutations in known PF genes, we did not identify other telomerase associated medical problems (bone marrow dysfunction, cirrhosis) and we hypothesize that there are novel PF genes segregating in our population.
Specification of Carbon Ion Dose at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) (2007)

The clinical dose distributions of therapeutic carbon beams, currently used at NIRS HIMAC, are based on in-vitro Human Salivary Gland (HSG) cell survival response and clinical experience from fast neutron radiotherapy. Moderate radiosensitivity of HSG cells is expected to be a typical response of tumours to carbon beams. At first, the biological dose distribution is designed so as to cause a flat biological effect on HSG cells in the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) region. Then, the entire biological dose distribution is evenly raised in order to attain a RBE (relative biological effectiveness) = 3.0 at a depth where dose-averaged LET (linear energy transfer) is 80 keV/mum. At that point, biological experiments have shown that carbon ions can be expected to have a biological effect identical to fast neutrons, which showed a clinical RBE of 3.0 for fast neutron radiotherapy at NIRS. The resulting clinical dose distribution in this approximation is not dependent on dose level, tumour type or fractionation scheme and thus reduces the unknown parameters in the analysis of the clinical results. The width SOBP and the clinical / physical dose at the center of SOBP specify the dose distribution. The clinical results analysed in terms of TCP were found to show good agreement with the expected RBE value at higher TCP levels. The TCP analysis method was applied for the prospective dose estimation of hypofractionation.
Phospholipases C and A<sub>2</sub>control lysosome-mediated IL-1β secretion: Implications for inflammatory processes (2004)

Blocking the activity of IL-1 beta has entered the clinical arena of treating autoimmune diseases. However, a successful outcome of this approach requires a clear definition of the mechanisms controlling IL-1 beta release. These are still unclear as IL-1 beta, lacking a secretory signal peptide, follows a nonclassical pathway of secretion. Here, we analyze the molecular mechanism(s) undergoing IL-1 beta processing and release in human monocytes and provide a unifying model for the regulated secretion of the cytokine. Our data show that in a first step, pro-caspase-1 and endotoxin-induced pro-IL-1 beta are targeted in part to specialized secretory lysosomes, where they colocalize with other lysosomal proteins. Externalization of mature IL-1 beta and caspase-1 together with lysosomal proteins is then facilitated by extracellular ATP. ATP triggers the efflux of K(+) from the cell, followed by Ca(2+) influx and activation of three phospholipases: phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C and calcium-independent and -dependent phospholipase A(2). Whereas calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) is involved in processing, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C and calcium-dependent phospholipase A(2) are required for secretion. Dissection of the events that follow ATP triggering allowed to demonstrate that K(+) efflux is responsible for phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C induction, which in turn allows the rise in intracellular free calcium concentration required for activation of phospholipase A(2). This activation is ultimately responsible for lysosome exocytosis and IL-1 beta secretion.
Facile Enhancement of Open-Circuit Voltage in P3HT Analogues via Incorporation of Hexyl Thiophene-3-carboxylate (2016)

Two families of copolymers featuring varying percentages of hexyl thiophene-3-carboxylate, herein referred to as 3-hexylesterthiophene (3HET), were synthesized via Stille polymerization to generate a series of random poly(3-hexylthiophene-co-3-hexylesterthiophene) (P3HT-co-3HET) copolymers as well as a series of semi-random poly(3-hexylthiophene—thiophene—3-hexylesterthiophene–diketopyrrolopyrrole) (P3HTT-DPP-HET) copolymers. Through the introduction of the strongly withdrawing 3HET component, HOMO energy levels can be tuned, and the open-circuit voltage of the resulting polymer solar cells can be significantly enhanced compared to their parent structures, regioregular P3HT and semi-random P3HTT-DPP. We demonstrate that 50% HET content in random copolymers (P3HT50-co-3HET50) outperforms reference P3HT solar cells. In addition to solar cell performance, the influence of 3HET content on copolymers is evaluated by UV–vis absorption, electrochemical HOMO determination, GIXRD crystallinity measurements, DSC, and SCLC hole mobilities. Favorable properties of the parent structures are preserved, including semicrystallinity, high hole mobilities, and absorption coefficients as well as reproducibly good yields and molecular weights. Copolymers featuring 3HET content showed comparable short-circuit currents with parent copolymers up to 50% 3HET loading and further demonstrate the ability to tune electronic properties with the incorporation of strategic components in semi-random and random copolymers.
Abiotic Stresses Downregulate Key Genes Involved in Nitrogen Uptake and Assimilation in Brassica juncea L. (2015)

Abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought and extreme temperatures affect nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation in plants. However, little is known about the regulation of N pathway genes at transcriptional level under abiotic stress conditions in Brassica juncea. In the present work, genes encoding nitrate transporters (NRT), ammonium transporters (AMT), nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), asparagines synthetase (ASN) were cloned from Brassica juncea L. var. Varuna. The deduced protein sequences were analyzed to predict their subcellular localization, which confirmed localization of all the proteins in their respective cellular organelles. The protein sequences were also subjected to conserved domain identification, which confirmed presence of characteristic domains in all the proteins, indicating their putative functions. Moreover, expression of these genes was studied after 1h and 24h of salt (150 mM NaCl), osmotic (250 mM Mannitol), cold (4°C) and heat (42°C) stresses. Most of the genes encoding nitrate transporters and enzymes responsible for N assimilation and remobilization were found to be downregulated under abiotic stresses. The expression of BjAMT1.2, BjAMT2, BjGS1.1, BjGDH1 and BjASN2 was downregulated after 1hr, while expression of BjNRT1.1, BjNRT2.1, BjNiR1, BjAMT2, BjGDH1 and BjASN2 was downregulated after 24h of all the stress treatments. However, expression of BjNRT1.1, BjNRT1.5 and BjGDH2 was upregulated after 1h of all stress treatments, while no gene was found to be upregulated after 24h of stress treatments, commonly. These observations indicate that expression of most of the genes is adversely affected under abiotic stress conditions, particularly under prolonged stress exposure (24h), which may be one of the reasons of reduction in plant growth and development under abiotic stresses.
Quick, Controlled Synthesis of Ultrathin Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> Nanodiscs and Nanosheets (2012)

Ultrathin (4-6 nm) single-crystal Bi(2)Se(3) nanodiscs and nanosheets were synthesized through a simple and quick solution process. The growth mechanism was investigated in detail. Crystal seeds grew via 2D self-attachment of small nanoparticles followed by epitaxial recrystallization into single crystals. The lateral dimension of the nanodiscs increased and their shape changed from circles to hexagons as the reaction temperature increased. Positively charged polymer surfactants greatly enlarged the lateral dimension to produce nanosheets with uniform thickness.
Fast Simulation of Service Availability in Mesh Networks With Dynamic Path Restoration (2010)

A fast simulation technique based on importance sampling is developed for the analysis of path service availability in mesh networks with dynamic path restoration. The method combines the simulation of the path rerouting algorithm with a “dynamic path failure importance sampling” (DPFS) scheme to estimate path availabilities efficiently. In DPFS, the failure rates of network elements are biased at increased rates until path failures are observed under rerouting. The simulated model uses “failure equivalence groups,” with finite/infinite sources of failure events and finite/infinite pools of repair personnel, to facilitate the modeling of bidirectional link failures, multiple in-series link cuts, optical amplifier failures along links, node failures, and more general geographically distributed failure scenarios. The analysis of a large mesh network example demonstrates the practicality of the technique.
Synthesis of 2-Substituted 1-Hydroxyimidazoles through Directed Lithiation (1998)

Benzylation of 3-hydroxyimidazole 1-oxide gave 3-(benzyloxy)imidazole 1-oxide, which was deoxygenated with phosphorous trichloride to produce 1-(benzyloxy)imidazole. 1-(Benzyloxy)imidazole was deprotonated selectively at C-2 by n-butyllithium. The anion formed was reacted with electrophiles to give 1-(benzyloxy)imidazoles with carbon, halogen, silicon, or sulfur substituents at the 2-position. Subsequent debenzylation afforded 2-substituted 1-hydroxyimidazoles which in turn could be deoxygenated to give 2-substituted imidazoles.
Some Preliminary Studies of "Stress" in the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) (1960)

A total of 12 animalB (Crotalus atro%) were UHd, 4 serving as control specimens and 8 as experimentals. The control animals consisted of 2 males and 2 females which were captured in Roman Nose state Park, Blaine Co., Oklahoma, on April 5, 1959. They were brought to the Medical School immediately following capture and sacrltlced. The 8 experimental anlmals were received at various times from the LIncoln Park ZOO Reptile Garden in Oklahoma City through the courte8y of Mr. Robert Jennl, Curator ot Reptiles. These were selected from new shipment. trom the Rio Grande valley ot southern Texas. Blood was drawn by cardiac puncture, and the organa were dl88ected tree, weighed, and preaserved in 10% neutral formalin. The experimental animalI were kept in a spectal box in the animal house at the Medical SchooL They were given water but no food. No record was kept of their water COll8UmpUon. .
MicroRNAs in regulation of triple-negative breast cancer progression (2018)

Available data suggest that specific microRNA clusters might play an important role in biology of TNBC, understanding of which should assist disease prognostication and therapy.
Editorial Recent Development in Nanoscale Manipulation and Assembly (2006)

The use of nanomaterials in nanotechnological applications, and developments in nanoscale manipulation and assembly, are discussed. There are many nanoscale materials with unique mechanical, electrical, optical, and chemical properties which have a variety of potential applications in nanodevices, nanosensors, and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). The ability to manipulate the nanomaterials in a controllable manner is very critical to make these nanomaterials useful in nanotechnology. Nanomanipulation and nanoassembly are one of the important challenges in realizing the miniaturization of devices and machines potentially down to atomic and molecular sizes. The development of an automated microspotting system for rapid dielectrophoretic fabrication of bundled carbon nanotube sensors, provides a new method for using microfluidic and dielectrophoretic forces for nanoassembly.
Fast queries over heterogeneous data through engine customization (2016)

Industry and academia are continuously becoming more data-driven and data-intensive, relying on the analysis of a wide variety of heterogeneous datasets to gain insights. The different data models and formats pose a significant challenge on performing analysis over a combination of diverse datasets. Serving all queries using a single, general-purpose query engine is slow. On the other hand, using a specialized engine for each heterogeneous dataset increases complexity: queries touching a combination of datasets require an integration layer over the different engines. This paper presents a system design that natively supports heterogeneous data formats and also minimizes query execution times. For multi-format support, the design uses an expressive query algebra which enables operations over various data models. For minimal execution times, it uses a code generation mechanism to mimic the system and storage most appropriate to answer a query fast. We validate our design by building Proteus, a query engine which natively supports queries over CSV, JSON, and relational binary data, and which specializes itself to each query, dataset, and workload via code generation. Proteus outperforms state-of-the-art open-source and commercial systems on both synthetic and real-world workloads without being tied to a single data model or format, all while exposing users to a single query interface.