gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of Tongue Images Based on Doublet SVM (2016)

Tongue diagnosis is one of the main components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Developing an objective and quantitative recognition model is very importantly and useful in the modernization of TCM. Currently, major problems in digital diagnoses of tongue images are extracting suitable features and building a high-performance classifier. To address these two issues, we present a robust approach to infer the pathological characteristics. In contrast to other methods, this method makes full use of the local information of tongue images and similarities among tongue images. Our method includes the following three steps: (1) we exact HOG features based on theory of local object appearance and shape; (2) the most similar tongue images are found that belongs to the same label and belongs to the different label, which are then used to build a new sample for Doublet; (3) we calculate the distance metric M by the SVM classifier and doublets; and (4) we make prediction. Experimental results show that prediction accuracy of our method is 89.1% and achieves a specificity of 61.3%. Moreover, the Sensitivity is 95.8%. The work is helpful in the area of medical for detection and prevention of diseases.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF W/O/W EMULSIONS WITH A VIEW TO POSSIBLE FOOD APPLICATIONS (1981)

A study was made of the influence of various additives on the stability and low shear viscosity of water‐in‐olive oil‐in‐water emulsions. The additives were glucose, sucrose, acetic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, sodium chloride and sodium acetate, Glucose and sucrose increased viscosity for some time until a constant value was reached. With the other additives an initial increase in viscosity was followed by a decrease and a corresponding decrease in stability. These observations are explained in terms of the osmotic pressure gradient between the inner and outer water compartments, and the effect of additives on the physical state of the emulsifier films adsorbed at the interfaces between the two water compartments and the oil phase.
Lambing rate using vitrified blastocysts is improved by culture with BSA and hyaluronan (2006)

Fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA(FAF)) can be added to supplement medium used in the culture of sheep embryos. BSA(FAF) was able to support blastocyst and subsequent embryo development at rates equivalent to that of fetal calf serum (FCS)-supplemented medium when fresh embryos were transferred. Furthermore, culture with BSA(FAF) significantly increased development of vitrified blastocysts transferred into synchronized sheep. The addition of the glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan (HA) to the culture medium in the third and fifth day also increased cryo-tolerance of blastocysts and in turn lambing rate was improved.
Packet Sniffing on Layer 2 Switched Local Area Networks (2003)

Packet sniffing is a technique of monitoring network traffic. It is effective on both switched and nonswitched networks. This paper discusses several methods that result in packet sniffing on Layer 2 switched networks. Each of the sniffing methods will be explained in detail. The purpose of the paper is to show how sniffing can be accomplished on switched networks, and to understand how it
PROMALS3D: a tool for multiple protein sequence and structure alignments (2008)

Although multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are essential for a wide range of applications from structure modeling to prediction of functional sites, construction of accurate MSAs for distantly related proteins remains a largely unsolved problem. The rapidly increasing database of spatial structures is a valuable source to improve alignment quality. We explore the use of 3D structural information to guide sequence alignments constructed by our MSA program PROMALS. The resulting tool, PROMALS3D, automatically identifies homologs with known 3D structures for the input sequences, derives structural constraints through structure-based alignments and combines them with sequence constraints to construct consistency-based multiple sequence alignments. The output is a consensus alignment that brings together sequence and structural information about input proteins and their homologs. PROMALS3D can also align sequences of multiple input structures, with the output representing a multiple structure-based alignment refined in combination with sequence constraints. The advantage of PROMALS3D is that it gives researchers an easy way to produce high-quality alignments consistent with both sequences and structures of proteins. PROMALS3D outperforms a number of existing methods for constructing multiple sequence or structural alignments using both reference-dependent and reference-independent evaluation methods.
A new prodrug of paclitaxel: synthesis of Protaxel (2001)

2' and 7 Polyol carbonates of paclitaxel were synthesized and screened as potential paclitaxel prodrugs. Paclitaxel is released from 7-(2",3"-dihydroxypropylcarbonato) paclitaxel (Protaxel) at rates inversely proportional to pH, by an intramolecular cyclization. Compared to paclitaxel, maximum tolerated i.v. or i.p. doses (MTD) of Protaxel are about 2.5- to 3-fold higher; its efficacy is substantially higher in human cancer line xenografts in athymic mice, especially in prostate PC-3, breast MDA-MB 468 and ovary OVCAR-1.
Conformational effects on the regiochemical metalation of C5-C13 N-benzyllactams (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational effects on the regiochemical metalation of C5-C13 N-benzyllactamsA. I. Meyers, Kevin B. Kunnen, and W. Clark StillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 14, 4405–4407Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00248a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00248a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views260Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[The effect of simulate intraoral sandblasting on the band strength between enamel and composite resin]. (2004)

Intraoral sandblasting could significantly enhance the shear bond strength between enamel and composite resin.
High Sensitivity Short-Path Monitoring of Trace Gases Employing PbSnTe Tunable Diode Laser (1981)

A system for atmospheric trace gas monitoring is described. The absorption spectrum in the infrared region of a specific gas is involved. A lead-salt diode laser is employed for the tunable light source and the short optical path of less than one meter allows the equipment to be portable. Fast measurement can be performed thanks to be built-in microcomputer and specially developed electronic system. Reliability is achieved because a correlational algorithm is calculated by the computer avoiding the ambiguity of the absolute laser frequency. Gas-density data is obtained every few seconds. Experiments were executed for methane and a sensitivity of 0.3 ppm·m with S / N =1 was attained being limited by parasitic etalon fringes. A higher sensitivity down to 0.01 ppm·m is possible provided that a transversally mono-modal laser is employed.
Silymarin coated gold nanoparticles ameliorates CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced hepatic injury and cirrhosis through down regulation of hepatic stellate cells and attenuation of Kupffer cells (2014)

Silymarin coated gold nanoparticles with a mean size of 20 nm were synthesized and functionalized in one pot using silymarin as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Conjugation of gold with silymarin was confirmed with FT-IR and UV-visible techniques. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective and antifibrotic potential of Silymarin coated gold nanoparticles. For this purpose oxidative liver damage was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 dissolved in olive oil (1 : 1 v/v, 1 ml kg−1). Silymarin coated gold nanoparticles were administered intragastrically once per day for 14 weeks in a dose of 30 mg kg−1 of body weight. Hepatoprotective and antifibrotic activities of silymarin coated gold nanoparticles were assessed in terms of reduction in serum enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), through histopathology and immunohistochemistry techniques. It also reduced the CCl4-induced damaged area as well as fibrotic area to 0% as assessed by histopathology. The Alpha SMA and Kupffer cells were also reduced in number around the portal traid area by the silymarin coated gold nanoparticles. These hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects were better than the positive control silymarin. Our results suggest the therapeutic effect of silymarin coated gold nanoparticles in CCl4-induced liver injury and cirrhosis by promoting extracellular matrix degradation, hepatic stellate cells inactivation with strong enhancement of hepatic regenerative capacity. Silymarin coated gold nanoparticles could be administered for up to 14 weeks without inducing side effects or alterations of the histological structure of kidneys, heart, pancreas and lungs.
The source of the Earth's long wavelength geoid anomalies: Implications for mantle and core dynamics (1985)

The long wavelength components of the Earth's gravity field result mainly from density contrasts associated with convection in the mantle. Direct interpretation of the geoid for mantle convection is complicated by the fact that convective flow results in dynamically maintained deformation of the surface of the Earth, the core mantle boundary (CMB), and any interior chemical boundaries which might exist. These boundary deformations effect the geoid opposite in sign and are comparable in magnitude to those of the interior density contrasts driving the flow. The total difference of two relatively large quantities.
Appraisal of waste collection routeing and scheduling (2011)

This paper appraises the capabilities and limitations of automated vehicle routeing and scheduling methods for designing efficient waste collection rounds. Ways in which waste collection authorities may be able to improve their operational performance through the use of vehicle routeing and scheduling applications are suggested and four case studies from England are included to give an indication of what benefits might be achievable, in terms of reduced vehicle distance, cost, environmental impact or improved service. The paper describes the practical problems associated with designing real-life collection rounds and highlights the areas in which available models may be lacking.
A facile one-pot synthesis of deep blue luminescent lead bromide perovskite microdisks (2015)

We report a facile one-pot synthetic method to prepare highly luminescent layered lead(II) bromide perovskite microdisks with the lateral size of a few micrometers and thickness of 100-150 nm, featuring narrow deep blue emissions with quantum yields of up to 53% in toluene solutions and thin films at room temperature.
Immunomodulatory Effects of the Triterpenoid CDDO after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Mice: Reduction of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Lethality. (2005)

Abstract The use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in cancer treatment is seriously hampered by the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and cancer relapse. During acute GVHD, inflammatory cytokines play a pivotal role in the amplification of GVHD. Therefore, assessment of agents with known anti-neoplastic activity that also reduce cytokine production may be useful in both the prevention of GVHD and cancer relapse. The synthetic triterpenoid, CDDO (2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid) is multifunctional molecule which has shown potent anti-cancer activities both in vitro and in vivo through the induction of apoptosis. We first examined the effects of CDDO on both human and murine T cell mitogen responses in vitro. CDDO significantly inhibited mitogen responsiveness of both human and murine T cells in vitro with evidence of cell cycle arrest of the human T cells. We then proceeded to examine the effects of CDDO on acute GVHD induction and progression. In these studies, lethally irradiated C57BL/6 mice received 10 million bone marrow cells (BMC) and 40 million spleen cells from fully MHC-mismatched BALB/c donors. All of the control mice succumbed rapidly due to acute GVHD. In contrast, the mice that received CDDO (120 ug/BID) given from days 0-3 following BMT exhibited significant improvement in survival (P &lt; 0.001). Body weights from the treated mice also were significantly increased compared to untreated controls. We found that the timing of CDDO administration was a critical factor for protection from GVHD as protection only occurred when CDDO was administered early after BMT. Importantly, donor myeloid reconstitution was not adversely affected by CDDO treatment as determined by peripheral blood cell count and donor chimerism assessment on day +14 post-transplant. No adverse toxicities or effects on reconstitution were observed in the mice receiving BMC alone with CDDO being administered continuously. Given the reported direct anti-tumor effects of CDDO, it will be of particular interest in examining the effects of CDDO and allogeneic BMT in tumor-bearing recipients. Our findings suggest that CDDO can enhance the efficacy of allogeneic BMT by decreasing acute GVHD in mice.
Molecular Pathways: Targeting P21-Activated Kinase 1 Signaling in Cancer—Opportunities, Challenges, and Limitations (2012)

The evolution of cancer cells involves deregulation of highly regulated fundamental pathways that are central to normal cellular architecture and functions. p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) was initially identified as a downstream effector of the GTPases Rac and Cdc42. Subsequent studies uncovered a variety of new functions for this kinase in growth factor and steroid receptor signaling, cytoskeleton remodeling, cell survival, oncogenic transformation, and gene transcription, largely through systematic discovery of its direct, physiologically relevant substrates. PAK1 is widely upregulated in several human cancers, such as hormone-dependent cancer, and is intimately linked to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. These exciting developments combined with the kinase-independent role of PAK1-centered phenotypic signaling in cancer cells elevated PAK1 as an attractive drug target. Structural and biochemical studies revealed the precise mechanism of PAK1 activation, offering the possibility to develop PAK1-targeted cancer therapeutic approaches. In addition, emerging reports suggest the potential of PAK1 and its specific phosphorylated substrates as cancer prognostic markers. Here, we summarize recent findings about the PAK1 molecular pathways in human cancer and discuss the current status of PAK1-targeted anticancer therapies.
Spectroscopy charge amplifier for detectors with integrated front-end FET (1995)

A charge amplifier, especially designed for FET integrated on silicon radiation detectors, is presented. The circuit is based on the forward biased FET amplifier configuration, which does not require the feedback resistor nor additional devices for resetting. The severe constraints on the preamplifier design, imposed by the low transconductance of small size integrated FET's, are analyzed as far as loop-gain, bandwidth, and noise are concerned. A circuit topology which satisfies all the requirements even at relatively fast shaping time (1 /spl mu/s) is proposed and experimentally tested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of Isoflurane on Neuronal Necrosis Following Near-complete Forebrain Ischemia in the Rat (1986)

The effect of deep isoflurane anesthesia on ischemically induced neuronal damage was evaluated in the rat. Sixteen mechanically ventilated animals were maintained normocapnic and normothermic while subjected to a near complete forebrain ischemia insult induced with systemic hypotension (MAP = 50 +/- mmHg) and bilateral carotid artery occlusion. Prior to ischemia, eight of the rats received isoflurane by inhalation until the EEG demonstrated a burst suppression pattern; the other eight were untreated controls. After 10 min of ischemia, the carotid clamps were removed, blood pressure was restored, and, in the treated group, isoflurane administration discontinued. Following the ischemic insult, the animals were observed over a 7-day period, at which time they were killed and the brains prepared for histologic study. Severity of damage was assessed by a direct count of irreversibly damaged neurons, which appear bright red when stained with cresyl violet-acid fuchsin. Areas of particular interest were those that characteristically display vulnerability to ischemic damage, i.e., hippocampus, caudate nuclei, and neocortex. The control group revealed severe damage in the hippocampal CA1 sector (70% cells acidophilic) with more variability in the caudate nuclei and neocortex. The treated group showed a similar extent of damage with approximately 74% cells acidophilic in hippocampus (CA1). Clinical appearance was indistinguishable between groups. The authors conclude that pretreatment with isoflurane shows no beneficial effects on delayed neuronal necrosis following near-complete forebrain ischemia.
A wide band low profile dual-pol &#x201C;Thumbtack&#x201D; array (2010)

A dual-pol array of 15×15 “Thumbtack” elements was built and tested for 0.5-2.0 GHz demonstration. The array is 3 in. (7.6 cm) thick, a bout 1/8 wavelength at the low end of the band, characterized by a high impedance (~300 ohms) aperture, matching to free space's wave impedance (377 ohms) directly without a long flare as in a Vivaldi notch. The array has a square lattice of 3 in. (7.6 cm) spacing, and the “Thumbtack” element has a coincident and stationary phase center. The thin and planar structure produces ver y low X-pol, typically 30 dB down at bore-sight, and 15 dB at 45° of axis along the diagonal cut. The array was designed fo r applications that require na nosecond rise time, ultra low X-pol and non-dispersive phase response. These unique features make it possible to produce sharp images for IED detection, FOP EN SAR, see-through-the wa ll radars, a nd other EW missions.
The Function and Properties of the Azf1 Transcriptional Regulator Change with Growth Conditions in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2006)

Azf1 activates CLN3 transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells growing in glucose. Paradoxically, other studies have shown Azf1 to be almost undetectable in glucose-grown cells. Microarray experiments showed that Azf1 activates nonoverlapping gene sets in different carbon sources: in glucose, Azf1 activates carbon and energy metabolism genes, and in glycerol-lactate, Azf1 activates genes needed for cell wall maintenance. Consistent with the decreased expression of cell wall maintenance genes observed with azf1Delta mutants, we observed a marked growth defect in the azf1Delta cells at 37 degrees C in nonfermentable medium. Cell wall integrity assays, such as sensitivity to calcofluor white, sodium dodecyl sulfate, or caffeine, confirmed cell wall defects in azf1Delta mutants in nonfermentable medium. Gel shift experiments show that Azf1 binds to DNA elements with the sequence AAAAGAAA (A4GA3), a motif enriched in the promoters of Azf1-sensitive genes and predicted by whole-genome studies. This suggests that many of the Azf1-dependent transcripts may be regulated directly by Azf1 binding. We found that the levels of Azf1 protein in glucose-grown cells were comparable to Azf1 levels in cells grown in glycerol-lactate; however, this could only be demonstrated with a cell extraction procedure that minimizes proteolysis. Glucose produces conditions that destabilize the Azf1 protein, a finding that may reflect a glucose-induced change in Azf1 tertiary or quaternary structure.
<i>In Vitro</i> Activity of Plazomicin against 5,015 Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Clinical Isolates Obtained from Patients in Canadian Hospitals as Part of the CANWARD Study, 2011-2012 (2014)

Plazomicin is a next-generation aminoglycoside that is not affected by most clinically relevant aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. The in vitro activities of plazomicin and comparator antimicrobials were evaluated against a collection of 5,015 bacterial isolates obtained from patients in Canadian hospitals between January 2011 and October 2012. Susceptibility testing was performed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method, with MICs interpreted according to CLSI breakpoints, when available. Plazomicin demonstrated potent in vitro activity against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, with all species except Proteus mirabilis having an MIC90 of ≤1 μg/ml. Plazomicin was active against aminoglycoside-nonsusceptible Escherichia coli, with MIC50 and MIC90 values identical to those for aminoglycoside-susceptible isolates. Furthermore, plazomicin demonstrated equivalent activities versus extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and non-ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with 90% of the isolates inhibited by an MIC of ≤1 μg/ml. The MIC50 and MIC90 values for plazomicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 4 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml, respectively, compared with 4 μg/ml and 8 μg/ml, respectively, for amikacin. Plazomicin had an MIC50 of 8 μg/ml and an MIC90 of 32 μg/ml versus 64 multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. Plazomicin was active against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with both having MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.5 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml, respectively. In summary, plazomicin demonstrated potent in vitro activity against a diverse collection of Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci obtained over a large geographic area. These data support further evaluation of plazomicin in the clinical setting.
Bloch-like states in a 1D Fibonacci chain (1990)

Certain types of wavefunctions with quasiperiodic amplitudes, which arise when blocks of two kinds of atoms are repeated in a Fibonacci sequence, are shown to have the same signature as the Bloch wavefunctions in terms of generalised dimensions.