gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Channelised receiver. A viable solution for EW and ESM systems (1982)

The requirements of EW and ESM receivers continue to become more and more demanding. The channelised receiver is one receiver type that can often meet, or exceed, these demanding requirements. The paper presents discussion suggesting that he recent success of the channelised receiver is largely due to technology advances in areas such as surface-acoustic-wave filters, microprocessors and microwave integrated circuits. The paper presents a brief description of two recently developed systems, both of which make extensive practical use of surface-wave components. A brief discussion on the recurring concern of how to optimally multiplex filters is also presented.
Mobile terminal 3D image reconstruction program development based on Android (2015)

During the study process of mobile terminal three-dimensional reconstruction program development based on Android, due to the adoption of the current algorithm for 3D image reconstruction program development, the definition of established model is low, leading to the problem of poor fidelity for 3D image reconstruction. Therefore, an Android mobile terminal 3D image reconstruction program development method based on improved space curve approximation algorithm is proposed. Under Android system architecture, the proposed method is based on triangulation measurement principle to calculate and obtain position deviation between image pixels, curve small region matching feature constraint thought is adopted to constrain features of 3D modeling, within a small feature space, through collision relation between scattered image feature points to set up precise compensation characteristics of 3D image reconstruction, thus greatly enhance the authenticity of 3D image reconstruction, and effectively complete mobile terminal 3D image reconstruction program development under the framework of Android system. Simulation results show that, Android mobile terminal 3D image reconstruction program development method based on improved space curve approximation algorithm can meet the application requirements of mobile terminal for 3D image reconstruction program development.
Improving shipboard maintenance practices using non-intrusive load monitoring (2007)

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-50).
Laser excess noise reduction in optical phase-shift measurements (2003)

We describe an optical detection scheme that reduces laser excess noise in measurements of small optical phase shifts. The scheme improves the sensitivity of the balanced differential detection. Analysis of the scheme and comparison with the conventional detection are presented. The scheme is applied in electro-optic probing of electrical signals in integrated circuits, where the excess laser noise is reduced by approximately 20 dB.
Silicon Oxynitride Films from the NO-NH[sub 3]-SiH[sub 4] Reaction (1973)

Silicon oxynitride films from the reaction in nitrogen at 850°C are clear, adherent, amorphous dielectrics whose composition may be varied over the entire range between and by controlling the ratio employed. The refractive index is a convenient and accurate measure of the composition. Over much of the nitrogen‐rich range, the Si content is about 2% ower than stoichiometric, and the hypothesis is made that one nitrogen in three is bonded to only two other skeletal atoms instead of three, and that some of these nitrogens bear bonded hydrogen. The N‒H groups are believed to play a role similar to that of O‒H in silicas. Compositions near are highly resistant to ionizing radiation under bias, and are excellent Na+ barriers at 300°C and 106 V/cm. However, they are not better barriers to Na+ thermal diffusion at 600°C than . With appropriate pre‐ and post‐deposition chemical treatments, oxynitride films give low Si surface charge and small nonionicshifts in flatband voltage with bias‐temperature aging. Other properties investigated for various compositions include etch rate, i.r. spectrum, film stress,and cathodoluminescence spectra. Films from the and processes are compared.
Molecular interactions between an insect predator and its herbivore prey on transgenic potato expressing a cysteine proteinase inhibitor from rice (2003)

Abstract Transgenic plants expressing resistance to herbivorous insects may represent a safe and sustainable pest control alternative if they do not interfere with the natural enemies of target pests. Here we examined interactions between oryzacystatin I (OCI), a proteinase inhibitor from rice genetically engineered into potato ( Solanum tuberosum cv. Kennebec, line K52) to increase resistance to insect herbivory, and the insect predator Perillus bioculatus . This stinkbug is a relatively specialized predator of caterpillars and leaf‐beetle larvae, and may also include plant sap in its predominantly carnivorous diet. One of its preferred prey is Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata ), a major target of insect resistance development for potato field crops. Gelatin/sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) confirmed that a major fraction of proteinase (gelatinase) activity in P. bioculatus extracts is OCI‐sensitive. Among five gelatinolytic band s detected, the slowest‐moving one (proteinase I) was inhibited strongly by purified OCI expressed in Escherichia coli or by OCI‐transgenic potato extracts, while three other proteinases were partly sensitive to these treatments. There was also evidence of slight inhibition of proteinase I by untransformed potato foliage, suggesting the presence of a natural inhibitor related to OCI at low level in potato foliage. Interestingly, only about 50% of the maximum potential activity of proteinase I was recovered in extracts of P. bioculatus feeding on L. decemlineata larval prey on a diet of OCI‐potato foliage, indicating that the predator was sensitive to OCI in the midgut of its prey. However, P. bioculatus on OCI‐prey survived, grew and developed normally, indicating ability to compensate prey‐mediated exposure to the OCI inhibitor. Confinement of P. bioculatus to potato foliage provided no evidence that potato plant‐derived nutrition is a viable alternative to predation, restriction to potato foliage in fact being inferior to free water for short‐term survival of nonfeeding first‐instar larvae. These results support the view that OCI, an effective inhibitor of a substantial fraction of digestive enzymatic potential in P. bioculatus, should not interfere with its predation potential when expressed in potato plants fed to its prey at a maximum level of ∼0.8% of total soluble proteins in mature foliage.
Optomechanical sensing with on-chip microcavities (2013)

The coupling between optical and mechanical degrees of freedom has been of broad interest for a long time. However, it is only until recently, with the rapid development of optical microcavity research, that we are able to manipulate and utilize this coupling process. When a high Q microcavity couples to a mechanical resonator, they can consolidate into an optomechanical system. Benefitting from the unique characteristics offered by optomechanical coupling, this hybrid system has become a promising platform for ultrasensitive sensors to detect displacement, mass, force and acceleration. In this review, we introduce the basic physical concepts of cavity optomechanics, and describe some of the most typical experimental cavity optomechanical systems for sensing applications. Finally, we discuss the noise arising from various sources and show the potentiality of optomechanical sensing towards quantum-noise-limited detection.
X-ray Diffraction Studies of Globular Proteins (1937)

Historical IN a comprehensive treatise on the crystallography of hemoglobins, which also includes a complete survey of the literature representing the history of hemoglobin crystallization up to that time, Reichert and Brown (1) gave Hunsfeld (2) the credit for the discovery, in 1840, that hemoglobin crystallizes. He found crystals in blood of the earthworm and also refers to crystals from the blood of man and of the pig. Although Hunsfeld's article is the first on record, K. E. Reichert (3), in 1849, gave us the real beginning of our knowledge of hemoglobin when he discovered tetrahedral crystals of hemoglobin in the fetal membranes and the mucous membrane of a guineapig which was examined six hours after death. This discovery stimulated workers to study hemoglobin and a number of articles appeared during the next few years. For some time, all of the crystals that were obtained were gotten solely by accident. Funke (4) is said to be the first to have devised a method for preparing blood crystals. His method, which is very satisfactory for the hemoglobins that crystallize readily, consists of the addition of water to blood on a microscopic slide and observation of the edges of the preparation. Some of the corpuscles vanish while others acquire dark, thick outlines, become angular, and develop into small, sharply defined rods. Funke made measurements of the angles of the crystals by the aid of a goniometer and assigned the crystals to certain systems even though his data were insufficient. He noted that the forms and solubilities of the crystals of different species are not alike and suggested, therefore, that species may thus be differentiated, the proof of which was fully substantiated by the outstanding work of Reichert and Brown. In an article coincident with that of Funke, Kunde (5) also stated that the hemoglobin crystals of different species are different and characteristic of the species. Crystals from various kinds of blood which appear to possess a similar form still showed unmistakable differences in the size of the angles. Since this early work on the crystallization of hemoglobin, many methods have been proposed for the preparation of more or less pure oxy-hemoglobin in relatively large amounts, beginning as early as 1867 by Hoppe-Seyler (6). The method used was essentially as follows: red corpuscles were laked with water, ether, or a mixture of ether and alcohol and from the solution so obtained, oxy-hemoglobin was separated by crystallization in the cold from approximately 25 per cent alcohol. It was not until the present century that methods were devised for the preparation of a purer product. Barcroft and Roberts (7) washed red corpuscles obtained by centrifuging defibrinated blood with Ringer's solution, laked with ether, filtered through a suitable filter, and dialyzed the solution against ice water.
On Concise 3-D Simple Point Characterizations: A Marching Cubes Paradigm (2009)

The centerlines of tubular structures are useful for medical image visualization and computer-aided diagnosis applications. They can be effectively extracted by using a thinning algorithm that erodes an object layer by layer until only a skeleton is left. An object point is "simple" and can be safely deleted only if the resultant image is topologically equivalent to the original. Numerous characterizations of 3-D simple points based on digital topology already exist. However, little work has been done in the context of marching cubes (MC). This paper reviews several concise 3-D simple point characterizations in a MC paradigm. By using the Euler characteristic and a few newly observed properties in the context of connectivity-consistent MC, we present concise and more self-explanatory proofs. We also present an efficient method for computing the Euler characteristic locally for MC surfaces. Performance evaluations on different implementations are conducted on synthetic data and multidetector computed tomography examination of virtual colonoscopy and angiography.
A Spatio-Temporal Understanding of Growth Regulation during the Salt Stress Response in Arabidopsis (2013)

Plant environmental responses involve dynamic changes in growth and signaling, yet little is understood as to how progress through these events is regulated. Here, we explored the phenotypic and transcriptional events involved in the acclimation of the Arabidopsis thaliana seedling root to a rapid change in salinity. Using live-imaging analysis, we show that growth is dynamically regulated with a period of quiescence followed by recovery then homeostasis. Through the use of a new high-resolution spatio-temporal transcriptional map, we identify the key hormone signaling pathways that regulate specific transcriptional programs, predict their spatial domain of action, and link the activity of these pathways to the regulation of specific phases of growth. We use tissue-specific approaches to suppress the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway and demonstrate that ABA likely acts in select tissue layers to regulate spatially localized transcriptional programs and promote growth recovery. Finally, we show that salt also regulates many tissue-specific and time point-specific transcriptional responses that are expected to modify water transport, Casparian strip formation, and protein translation. Together, our data reveal a sophisticated assortment of regulatory programs acting together to coordinate spatially patterned biological changes involved in the immediate and long-term response to a stressful shift in environment.
Special issue on signal processing for wireless communications (2001)

Increasingly, wireless communication networks, and particularly mobile networks, are designed to operate as multiuser systems, in which the sharing of temporal, spatial, and spectral resources by multiple users is systematic. Such systems permit significant flexibility in channel assignment, allow effective countermeasures to the physical properties of multipath channels, and generally provide for efficient utilization of the resources of mobile radio and similar channels. Examples of such systems include code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems in which resource sharing begins at the transmitter, as well as orthogonally-multiplexed systems such as time-division multiple-access (TDMA) systems, in which resource sharing results from physical limitations such as multipath and imperfect channelization filters. Indeed, these types of systems include most contemporary and emerging standards for digital wireless communications. In order to fully exploit the favorable properties of multiuser communications, it is necessary that the multiuser nature of the signaling multiplex be accounted for in receiver design. This necessity has been recognized since at least the early 1980's. notably with the organized study of advanced signal processing techniques for the demultiplexing of non-orthogonally multiplexed signals — i.e. mutliuser detection. The interest in such techniques has grown considerably over the intervening two decades, with the coincident exploding growth in commercial wireless services and the attendant demands on available power and spectrum resources. A great variety of techniques have been developed in this area, and the purpose of this special issue is to present some of the latest of these techniques.
Printed Circuit Board Structural Properties and Spiral Groove Trace Conductors for Hydrodynamic Gap Maintenance in Axial Flux Rotating Machines (2019)

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are emerging as a platform fabrication technology for axial flux rotating machines since the machine structure and conductors are manufactured simultaneously. While electric and electromagnetic field theory along with thermal properties of PCB based machines have been established, the mechanical challenges of these types of machines have been largely overlooked in the context of their structural properties. This paper focuses on two mechanical thrusts in PCB machine construction; 1) Materials strength testing and modeling for stator and rotor integrity, 2) Utilizing the PCB surface conductors to form a hydrodynamic bearing for air-gap maintenance. In plane material properties (ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength, and Young's Modulus) of PCB coupons were determined from a series of uniaxial tension tests performed on an MTS Criterion 43 with 10 kN load, the results of which can serve as a reference for machine design tools. Further, a test bed for evaluating PCB stators and rotors with different surface conductor shapes was constructed. Gap maintenance at speed was demonstrated with smooch PCB rotor disk spinning above stator PCB with herring bone spiral traces, ultimately floating on its own air cushion. Prospective stator spiral conductor arrays may be configured as electromagnetic windings or as electrostatic surfaces. The PCB test stand stator-rotor-set is 180 mm in diameter, 5 mm in axial length and holds an air gap length of 50 - 75 microns, i.e. a radius to air-gap ratio of 1500:1.
Antioxidant Activity of Tea Catechins in Different Lipid Systems (1997)

Tea catechins showed different trends in relative antioxidant activity in different lipid systems. In corn oil triglycerides oxidized at 50 °C, epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and epicatechin gallate (ECG) were better antioxidants than epicatechin (EC) and catechin at 140 μM. Used as reference compounds, gallic acid (GA) was more active than propyl gallate (PG), and both were more effective than EC and catechin. However, in the corresponding corn oil-in-water emulsions, all tea catechins, GA, and PG were prooxidants at 5 and 20 μM by accelerating hydroperoxide and hexanal formation. In contrast, in soy lecithin liposomes oxidized at 50 °C, EGCG and PG were the best antioxidants, followed by EC, EGC, ECG, catechin, and GA at 20 μM. In liposomes oxidized at 37 °C with 10 μM cupric acetate, catechin and EC were better antioxidants than ECG, but EGCG, EGC, PG, and GA promoted lipid oxidation. The improved antioxidant activity observed for tea catechins in liposomes compared to emulsions can be explained by the greater affinity of the polar catechins toward the polar surface of the lecithin bilayers, thus affording better protection. The marked variation in activity among tea catechins may be partly explained by their different reducing potentials, stabilities, and relative partitions between phases in different lipid systems. Keywords: Antioxidants; prooxidants, tea catechins; catechin; epicatechin; epicatechin gallate; epigallocatechin; epigallocatechin gallate; gallic acid; propyl gallate; triglycerides; emulsion; liposome; antioxidant mechanism; interfacial oxidation; hydroperoxides; hexanal
A CubeSat Train for Radar Sounding and Imaging of Antarctic Ice Sheet (2018)

In spite of more than 50 years of airborne radar soundings of Antarctic ice by the international community, there are still large gaps in ice thickness data. We propose a CubeSat satellite mission for complete sounding and imaging of Antarctica with 50 CubeSats integrated with a VHF radar system to sound the ice and image the ice-bed. One of the major challenges in orbital sounding of ice is off-vertical surface clutter that masks weak ice-bed echoes. We must obtain fine resolution both in the along track and cross track directions to reduce surface clutter. We can obtain fine resolution in the along track direction by synthesizing a large aperture by taking advantage of the forward motion of a satellite. However, we need a large antenna-array to obtain fine resolution in the cross track direction. We propose a train of 50 CubeSats with optimized offset position to obtain a 500-m long aperture and also coherently combine data from multiple passes of the train to obtain a very large aperture of 1–2 km in the cross track direction. Our initial analysis shows that we can obtain measurements with horizontal resolution of about 200 m and vertical resolution of about 20 m. The CubeSat will carry a transmitter and receiver with peak transmit power of about 50 W. We will synchronize all transmitters and receivers with a Ka-band system that serves as a communication link between the earth and Cubesats to downlink data and as command and control for the CubeSats.
Fungal Plasma Membrane Proton Pumps as Promising New Antifungal Targets (1994)

Fungi are widely dispersed in nature and frequently appear as pathogens in the animal and plant kingdoms. The incidence of opportunistic fungal infections in humans has increased due to the human immunodeficiency virus and the application of modern medical approaches that subvert natural protective barriers to infection. Also, fungal blights continue to threaten crops worldwide. As a result, new antifungal agents are needed to address these critical problems. Existing antifungals can be used to effectively treat most cases of topical infection caused by the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans, which is the principal agent of nosocomially acquired fungal infections. However, life-threatening, disseminated Candida infections are treated with more modest success. Existing antifungals can be toxic or ineffective because of natural resistance or even induced resistance. This limited efficacy largely reflects the restricted range of cellular targets considered during the development of current antifungals. The advancement of highly selective fungicidal reagents requires the recognition of new essential cellular targets. The fungal plasma-membrane proton pump is a high-abundance essential enzyme with a number of well-understood molecular properties that should facilitate the development of new antifungals. The proton pump is important for intracellular pH regulation and the maintenance of electrochemical proton gradients needed for nutrient uptake. It is a member of the P-type class of ion-transport enzymes, which are present in nearly all external cellular membranes. Typical P-type enzymes such as the Na+,K(+)-ATPase and H+,K(+)-ATPase are well established as specific targets for surface-active cardiac glycosides and anti-ulcer therapeutics. The development of new classes of selective antifungals targeted to the proton pump will require exploitation of the well-characterized genetic, kinetic, topological, regulatory, and drug-interaction features of the fungal enzyme that discriminate it from related host P-type enzymes. New antifungal drugs of this type should be relevant to the control of fungal pathogens of medical and agricultural importance and may be applicable to the control of intracellular parasites that also depend on closely related proton pumps for survival.
Arabic&#150;Urdu Script Recognition through Mouse: An Implementation Using Artificial Neural Network (2010)

In this paper we propose an automatic system that recognizes continuous Arabic-Urdu Alphabet scripts through mouse in real- time based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The proposed neural network is trained using traditional back-propagation algorithm for self supervised neural network which provides the system with great learning ability and thus has proven highly successful in training for feed-forward neural network. The performance analysis was based upon a set of data consisting of specimens collected from 5 persons; each specimen consisted of 30 basic Arabic-Urdu Alphabets. The system incorporates Neural Networks as its learning and recognition engine. The designed algorithm is not only capable of translating discrete gesture moves, but also continuous gestures through mouse. In this study, we proposed an efficient neural network approach for recognizing Arabic-Urdu scripts drawn by mouse. The proposed approach shows an efficient way for extracting the boundary of the script and specifies the area of the recognition alphabets where it has been drawn in an image and then used ANN to recognize the alphabets. A comprehensive Arabic-Urdu Script Recognition (AUSR) system is designed and tested successfully. The results based on speed and accuracy were analyzed.