gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Revealing of the Occupation Sites of Heavy Alkali Metal Atoms in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Intercalation Compounds (2009)

The description and understanding of the intercalation mechanism of electron donors or acceptors in single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles are of critical interest for optimization and improvement of transport properties for future applications of SWNTs in electronics or energy storage. Here, we propose a novel approach based on the analysis of the state of debundling for SWNT bundles, used as a feedback for occupation sites of alkali metal atoms within the SWNT host material. Heterogeneity of the structure might be the origin of the complexity of the intercalation process in SWNTs.
Natriuretic peptides in the diagnosis and management of heart failure (2006)

The natriuretic peptides are a family of related hormones that play a crucial role in cardiovascular homeostasis. They have recently emerged as potentially important clinical markers in heart failure. Recent data have suggested an important role for these markers in establishing the diagnosis of heart failure in patients with unexplained dyspnea in both acute care and ambulatory settings. Other clinical uses of the natriuretic peptides, such as screening for asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction, establishing prognosis or guiding titration of drug therapy, are under investigation but have not yet sufficiently been validated for widespread clinical use.
M43 antibiotics: methylated vancomycins and unrearranged CDP-I analogs (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTM43 antibiotics: methylated vancomycins and unrearranged CDP-I analogsRamakrishnan. Nagarajan, Kurt E. Merkel, Karl H. Michel, Harvey M. Higgins, Marvin M. Hoehn, Ann H. Hunt, Noel D. Jones, John L. Occolowitz, Amelia A. Schabel, and John K. SwartzendruberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 23, 7896–7897Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00231a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00231a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Review of GPS Trajectories Classification Based on Transportation Mode (2018)

GPS trajectories generated by moving objects provide researchers with an excellent resource for revealing patterns of human activities. Relevant research based on GPS trajectories includes the fields of location-based services, transportation science, and urban studies among others. Research relating to how to obtain GPS data (e.g., GPS data acquisition, GPS data processing) is receiving significant attention because of the availability of GPS data collecting platforms. One such problem is the GPS data classification based on transportation mode. The challenge of classifying trajectories by transportation mode has approached detecting different modes of movement through the application of several strategies. From a GPS data acquisition point of view, this paper macroscopically classifies the transportation mode of GPS data into single-mode and mixed-mode. That means GPS trajectories collected based on one type of transportation mode are regarded as single-mode data; otherwise it is considered as mixed-mode data. The one big difference of classification strategy between single-mode and mixed-mode GPS data is whether we need to recognize the transition points or activity episodes first. Based on this, we systematically review existing classification methods for single-mode and mixed-mode GPS data and introduce the contributions of these methods as well as discuss their unresolved issues to provide directions for future studies in this field. Based on this review and the transportation application at hand, researchers can select the most appropriate method and endeavor to improve them.
Novice software developers, all over again (2008)

Transitions from novice to expert often cause stress and anxiety and require specialized instruction and support to enact efficiently. While many studies have looked at novice computer science students, very little research has been conducted on professional novices. We conducted a two-month in-situ qualitative case study of new software developers in their first six months working at Microsoft. We shadowed them in all aspects of their jobs: coding, debugging, designing, and engaging with their team, and analyzed the types of tasks in which they engage. We can explain many of the behaviors revealed by our analyses if viewed through the lens of newcomer socialization from the field of organizational man-agement. This new perspective also enables us to better understand how current computer science pedagogy prepares students for jobs in the software industry. We consider the implications of this data and analysis for developing new processes for learning in both university and industrial settings to help accelerate the transition from novice to expert software developer.
Universal Fiber for Short-Distance Optical Communications (2018)

Universal fiber is an optical fiber that supports both multimode and single-mode transmission. It is a multimode fiber with a mode field diameter of the fundamental mode roughly matching that of a standard single-mode fiber. In today's short-distance communications, both multimode fiber and single-mode fiber are used. Universal fiber can accommodate the needs of single-mode and multimode transmission so that end users can take advantage of the cost and performance benefits of each transmission type. In this paper, we present the design and properties of universal fiber, as well as its transmission performance for 100G systems. We also explore several application scenarios where the fiber can be utilized. In particular, we illustrate how the fiber can be used in 5G wireless fronthaul applications to meet the current needs while providing a path for future upgrades. Testing results and discussions of practical issues are also presented.
Understanding zeolite deactivation by sulfur poisoning during direct olefin upgrading (2019)

Abstract The presence of sulfur contaminants in bitumen derived crude oils can lead to rapid catalyst deactivation and is a major problem faced by downstream refiners. Whilst expensive hydrotreating steps may remove much of the sulfur content, it is important to understand how catalyst deactivation by sulfur poisoning occurs and how it may be mitigated. Here we report a mechanistic study of sulfur poisoning over a zeolite catalyst promoted with silver and gallium Lewis acids. Olefin upgrading, an essential process in the refinement of heavy oils, is used as a model reaction. Access to the zeolite inner pores is blocked by bulky, weakly adsorbed sulfur species. Pore access and thus catalyst activity is restored by increasing the reaction temperature. We also show that a simple alkaline treatment greatly improves both the sulfur tolerance and performance of the catalyst. These findings may enhance the rational design of heterogenous catalysts for olefin upgrading.
Authentic Pronunciation in a Foreign Language: A Neglected Problem (2006)

This article addresses the problem why authentic pronunciation in a foreign language, contrary to other aptitudes in that same language, is so difficult, if not altogether impossible, to achieve. The problem is addressed from different theoretical perspectives: psycholinguistics, physiology and psychology. The approach by Guiora seems so far the most complete and the most promising. The problem of the necessity or the desirability of authentic pronunciation from a teaching point of view is not addressed. The article finishes on the question whether in the global village in which we live, the role of authentic pronunciation will not necessarily change in nature.
Cyclobutenedione Derivatives on Solid Support:  Toward Multiple Core Structure Libraries (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCyclobutenedione Derivatives on Solid Support: Toward Multiple Core Structure LibrariesPaul A. Tempest and Robert W. ArmstrongView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 32, 7607–7608Publication Date (Web):August 13, 1997Publication History Received28 January 1997Published online13 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja970284whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja970284wrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views501Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Aromatic compounds,Chemical structure,Ions,Precursors Get e-Alerts
Electromechanical steering, suspension, drive and brake modules (2003)

Qualified chassis control is enabled by utilizing the modular alignment, load and torque concept described in this paper. The most advanced vehicle design incorporates mechanically identical wheel corners, each with individually powered and computer regulated propulsion, braking, steering, spring and damper functions. The suspension arms are mechanically attached to the body; all other interfaces are by-wire. In-wheel motors, actuators and a simple suspension geometry with no dive or lift suppression replace state-of-the-art powertrain, steering and suspension. Most actions and reactions between hub carrier and body is software controlled. If in-wheel drive is found inadequate, the modular build-up allows the addition of or conversion to conventional drivetrains. Algorithms regulating torque, vertical force and alignment determine the handling characteristics. Body leveling, pitch and roll control facilitates required ride comfort. Tyre rolling resistance and tyre wear is minimized by continuously optimizing wheel alignment and torque. This paper does not cover the electric power source, sensors or processing systems needed to run a vehicle equipped with described wheel corners.
Chemokines as mediators of angiogenesis (2007)

Chemokines were originally described as cytokines that mediate leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation. Members of a subgroup of chemokines, the CXC family, also play a critical role in both physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis, including in the context of chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and malignancy. A unique feature of this family of cytokines is that, on the basis of their structure and receptor binding, individual ligands display either angiogenic or angiostatic biological activity in the regulation of angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the key literature in this growing field.
Photonics-enhanced smart imaging systems (2016)

We discuss different photonics-enhanced multichannel multiresolution imaging systems in which the different channels have different imaging properties, namely a different FOV and angular resolution, over different areas of an image sensor. This could allow different image processing algorithms to be implemented to process the different images. A basic threechannel multiresolution imaging system was designed at 587.6 nm where each of the three channels consist of four aspherical lens surfaces. These lenses have been fabricated in PMMA through ultra-precision diamond tooling and afterwards assembled with aperture stops, baffles and a commercial CMOS sensor. To reduce the influence of chromatic aberrations, hybrid lenses, which contain diffractive surfaces on top of refractive ones, have been included within the previous designs of the three channels. These hybrid lenses have also been fabricated through ultra-precision diamond tooling, assembled and verified in an experimental demonstration. The three channels with hybrid lenses show better image quality (both in the simulation and experiment) compared to the purely refractive three channel design. Because of a limited depth of field of the aforementioned multichannel multiresolution imaging systems, a voltage tunable lens has been integrated in the first channel to extend the depth of field of the overall system. The refocusing capability has significantly improved the depth of field of the system and ranged from 0.25 m to infinity compared to 9 m to infinity for the aforementioned basic three-channel multiresolution imaging system.
Graphene CVD: Interplay Between Growth and Etching on Morphology and Stacking by Hydrogen and Oxidizing Impurities (2014)

The growth of high quality graphene layers by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been found to strongly depend on growth conditions with results varying greatly from one laboratory to another for nominally identical conditions. We report the results of a systematic investigation of the role of hydrogen and oxidizing impurities present in the gas feedstock during the growth and cooling stages in low-pressure CVD. First, we show that for a partial pressure of oxidizing impurities below 1 ppb, hydrogen is not required for graphene growth from methane. Second, we demonstrate that purified hydrogen does not etch graphene films at typical growth temperatures. Third, a flow of purified hydrogen during cooling counterbalances graphene etching by oxygen, thus protecting the films. Films grown under high purity conditions (low level of oxidizing impurities) exhibit a higher bilayer and multilayer coverage; Surprisingly some of these bi- and multilayer graphene islands are twisted with respect to the first graphene layer as revealed by hyperspectral Raman imaging. Overall, this growth behavior suggests a competitive action between film growth from the carbon precursors and etching by the oxidative species. Our results provide new fundamental insights on the graphene CVD growth, highlighting the important yet indirect role of hydrogen and its major influence on controlling the action of oxidizing impurities on nucleation and etching during the growth process.
A wideband Fabry-Perot cavity antenna with successively tapered meandering loops (2011)

We have proposed a wideband Fabry-Perot cavity (FPC) antenna with a partially reflective superstrate composed of successively tapered meander loops. To obtain a wide beam width in an azimuthal direction, we have intentionally designed a radiating aperture in a rectangular shape with an aspect ratio of 6∶1. Moreover, to further increase antenna gain with a limited aperture area, we have closed all four openings in lateral directions, which resulted in additional gain enhancement. For the accurate prediction of FP resonance, we have compared a convention prediction method with a modified one. The measured behaviors of our antenna agree well with the simulated data, which confirms the validity of our design approach.
Antiviral activity of the dihydropyrone PNU-140690, a new nonpeptidic human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor (1997)

PNU-140690 is a member of a new class of nonpeptidic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (sulfonamide-containing 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-pyrones) discovered by structure-based design. PNU-140690 has excellent potency against a variety of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) laboratory strains and clinical isolates, including those resistant to the reverse transcriptase inhibitors zidovudine or delavirdine. When combined with either zidovudine or delavirdine, PNU-140690 contributes to synergistic antiviral activity. PNU-140690 is also highly active against HIV-1 variants resistant to peptidomimetic protease inhibitors, underscoring the structural distinctions between PNU-140690 and substrate analog protease inhibitors. PNU-140690 retains good antiviral activity in vitro in the presence of human plasma proteins, and preclinical pharmacokinetic studies revealed good oral bioavailability. Accordingly, PNU-140690 is a candidate for clinical evaluation.
Expression of human protein S100A7 (psoriasin), preparation of antibody and application to human larynx squamous cell carcinoma (2011)

The polyclonal anti-rS100A7 antibody generated here yielded a good signal-to-noise contrast and should be useful for immunohistochemical detection of S100A7 protein. Its potential use for other epithelial lesions besides human larynx squamous cell carcinoma and non-neoplastic larynx should be explored in future.
Functional polymer surfaces for controlling cell behaviors (2017)

Thorough understanding of how to control cell behaviors including cell adhesion, orientation, migration and differentiation on an artificial surface is critical in materials and life sciences such as advanced biomedical engineering, tissue engineering, and cell-based bioassay. In nature, extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in controlling cell behaviors. It can not only provide the cells with mechanical support but also profoundly affect cell functions such as metabolism, movement and transport process. Functional polymer surface exhibits superior advantages over many other materials for use as artificial ECM owing to its excellent mechanical properties, abundant chemical species and remarkable capability to form various topographical surfaces. In particular, surface chemistry, mechanical properties and topography of these functional polymers are found to be three major parameters for effective control of cell behaviors. This paper comprehensively reviews the fundamental understanding of functional polymer surfaces for controlling cell behaviors. Different fabrication methods to achieve functional polymer surfaces and the parameters for effective control of cell behaviors are discussed. The future prospects and challenges particularly in cell biomedical engineering are also discussed at the end of this review paper.
Pointing Gesture Recognition Using Robot Head Control (2015)

We have developed a robot-head control system that recognizes a person's pointing gestures by a motion sensor. The robot head comprises two servo motors and a motion sensor and moves similar to a human head. The orbit of the person's pointing gesture is calculated from the hand and elbow positions measured by the motion sensor. The robot head moves such that the motion sensor orients along the pointing orbit. If an object measured by the motion sensor is within a certain space on the orbit, it is recognized as the target object of the pointing gesture. Object targeting by this system was successfully demonstrated.
Quantum cryptography using larger alphabets (2000)

Like all of quantum information theory, quantum cryptography is traditionally based on two-level quantum systems. In this paper, a protocol for quantum key distribution based on higher-dimensional systems is presented. An experimental realization using an interferometric setup is also proposed. Analyzing this protocol from the practical side, one finds an increased key creation rate while keeping the initial laser pulse rate constant. Analyzing it for the case of intercept/resend eavesdropping strategy, an increased error rate is found compared to two-dimensional systems, hence an advantage for the legitimate users to detect an eavesdropper.
Preparation and Characterization of Oligo‐(2,2′‐Bipyridyl)pyrazines (1997)

Abstract An improved preparation of 2,2′‐bipyridine‐6‐carboxaldehyde 1 provides this compound in good yield for the further syntheses of oligo‐(2,2′‐bipyridyl)pyrazines 6–8 , new ligands for supramolecular metallorganic complexes. According to 1 H‐NMR spectroscopic and X‐ray crystallographic studies, the bis(2,2′‐bipyridyl) compound 6 exists in a helical conformation in solution and in the solid state. The structure of the tetrakis(2,2′‐bipyridyl) compound 8 is also confirmed through its crystal structure.
Structural organization of glycophorin A and B genes: glycophorin B gene evolved by homologous recombination at Alu repeat sequences. (1989)

Glycophorins A (GPA) and B (GPB) are two major sialoglycoproteins of the human erythrocyte membrane. Here we present a comparison of the genomic structures of GPA and GPB developed by analyzing DNA clones isolated from a K562 genomic library. Nucleotide sequences of exon-intron junctions and 5' and 3' flanking sequences revealed that the GPA and GPB genes consist of 7 and 5 exons, respectively, and both genes have greater than 95% identical sequence from the 5' flanking region to the region approximately 1 kilobase downstream from the exon encoding the transmembrane regions. In this homologous part of the genes, GPB lacks one exon due to a point mutation at the 5' splicing site of the third intron, which inactivates the 5' cleavage event of splicing and leads to ligation of the second to the fourth exon. Following these very homologous sequences, the genomic sequences for GPA and GPB diverge significantly and no homology can be detected in their 3' end sequences. The transition site from homologous to nonhomologous sequences can be localized within Alu repeat sequences. The analysis of the Alu sequences and their flanking direct repeat sequences suggest that an ancestral genomic structure has been maintained in the GPA gene, whereas the GPB gene has arisen from the acquisition of 3' sequences different from those of the GPA gene by homologous recombination at the Alu repeats during or after gene duplication.
THE APPLICATION OF ULTRAFINE PARTICLES IN TUNGSTEN POWDER METALLURGY (1962)

Ultra-fine tungsten powder (3.7 m/sup 2//g surface area), in amounts up to 25%, was mixed with commercial tungsten powders of 2, 4.5, and 6.8 micron average particle size. When compacted at 60 tsi, the densities varied from 69% (of theoretical) for the 2 micron admixture to 76% for the 6.8 micron admixture. Upon sintering in hydrogen for three hours at 1700 deg C, the corresponding values were 92% and 80%. The highest sintered densities were obtained in every case with the largest addition of ultra-fine powder. The radial/axial shrinkage ratio of the compacts was found to correlate with the density increase during sintering. This ratio (varing from 0.80 to 1.86 for all the mixtures) decreased with increasing amount of densification for each series of specimens. (auth)
Erratum: ‘‘Laser action from Mn5+ in Ba3(VO4)2’’ [Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>61</b>, 2386 (1992)] (1993)

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