gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy of CD19 Expressing Daudi Tumors in Nude Mice with Yttrium-90-Labeled Anti-CD19 Antibody (2004)

Studies were performed to determine the suitability of using two different anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies to deliver the high energy beta-particle emitting isotope 90Y to B-cell lymphoma grown as flank tumors in athymic nude mice. The antibodies BU12 and HD37, both of the IgG1 subclass, recognize CD19, an internalizing B-lineage-specific membrane glycoprotein and member of the Ig supergene family. The antibodies were readily labeled with 90Y using the highly stable chelate, 1B4M-MX-DTPA. The radioimmunoconjugates selectively bound to the CD19 expressing B cell line Daudi, but not to CD19 negative control cells. Significantly more 90Y anti-CD19 bound to Daudi tumors growing in nude mice than did a control non-binding antibody (p = 0.001). The biodistribution data correlated with an anti-tumor effect. Anti-tumor activity was dose dependent and the best results were observed in mice receiving a single dose of approximately 300 uCi. The anti-CD19 antibody had significantly better anti-tumor activity as compared to a control 90Y-labeled antibody and most mice survived over 119 days with no evidence of tumor (p < 0.003). Histology studies showed no significant injury to the kidney, liver, or small intestine. Because radiolabeled anti-CD19 antibody can be used to deliver radiation selectively to lymphohematopoietic tissue, these data support the use of 90Y anti-CD19 antibodies in treating B-cell malignancies.
Single Cell Proteolytic Assays to Investigate Cancer Clonal Heterogeneity and Cell Dynamics Using an Efficient Cell Loading Scheme (2016)

Proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical in cancer invasion, and recent work suggests that heterogeneous cancer populations cooperate in this process. Despite the importance of cell heterogeneity, conventional proteolytic assays measure average activity, requiring thousands of cells and providing limited information about heterogeneity and dynamics. Here, we developed a microfluidic platform that provides high-efficiency cell loading and simple valveless isolation, so the proteolytic activity of a small sample (10-100 cells) can be easily characterized. Combined with a single cell derived (clonal) sphere formation platform, we have successfully demonstrated the importance of microenvironmental cues for proteolytic activity and also investigated the difference between clones. Furthermore, the platform allows monitoring single cells at multiple time points, unveiling different cancer cell line dynamics in proteolytic activity. The presented tool facilitates single cell proteolytic analysis using small samples, and our findings illuminate the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of proteolytic activity.
Differential Repression by Freud-1/CC2D1A at a Polymorphic Site in the Dopamine-D2 Receptor Gene (2007)

Freud-1/CC2D1A is a transcriptional repressor of the serotonin-1A receptor gene and was recently genetically linked to non-syndromic mental retardation. To identify new Freud-1 gene targets, data base mining for Freud-1 recognition sequences was done. A highly homologous intronic element (D2-DRE) was identified in the human dopamine-D2 receptor (DRD2) gene, and the role of Freud-1 in regulating the gene at this site was assessed. Recombinant Freud-1 bound specifically to the D2-DRE, and a major protein-D2-DRE complex was identified in nuclear extracts that was supershifted using Freud-1-specific antibodies. Endogenous Freud-1 binding to the D2-DRE in cells was detected using chromatin immunoprecipitation. The D2-DRE conferred strong repressor activity in transcriptional reporter assays that was dependent on the Freud-1 recognition sequence. In three different human cell lines, the level of Freud-1 protein was inversely related to DRD2 expression. Knockdown of endogenous Freud-1 using small interfering RNA resulted in an up-regulation of DRD2 RNA and binding sites, demonstrating a crucial role for Freud-1 in DRD2 regulation. A previously uncharacterized single nucleotide A/G polymorphism (rs2734836) was located adjacent to the D2-DRE and conferred allele-specific Freud-1 binding and repression, with the major G-allele having reduced activity. These studies demonstrate a key role for Freud-1 to regulate DRD2 expression and provide the first mechanistic insights into its transcriptional regulation. Allele-specific regulation of DRD2 expression by Freud-1 may possibly associate with psychiatric disorders or mental retardation.
Secure Delivery of Compressed Audio by Compatible Bitstream Scrambling (2000)

The recent technological revolutions in both networking technology (the Internet) and highly efficient perceptual audio coding algorithms (e.g. MPEG audio) have stimulated attractive new applications but also a considerable amount of music piracy. In order to enable a controlled distribution of multimedia content, classical data encryption techniques have been proposed to provide a “secure envelope” around the multimedia payload by means of ciphering all or parts of it. This paper presents a novel approach of securing compressed digital audio by integrating both ciphering and source coding methods into a single scheme.
Cytocompatible and multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles for transportation of bioactive molecules into and within cells (2016)

Multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles are materials with great potential for a wide range of biomedical applications. For progression in this area of research, unfavorable interactions of these nanoparticles with proteins and cells must be avoided in biological environments, for example, through treatment of the nanoparticle surfaces. Construction of an artificial cell membrane structure based on polymers bearing the zwitterionic phosphorylcholine group can prevent biological reactions at the surface effectively. In addition, certain bioactive molecules can be immobilized on the surface of the polymer to generate enough affinity to capture target biomolecules. Furthermore, entrapment of inorganic nanoparticles inside polymeric matrices enhances the nanoparticle functionality significantly. This review summarizes the preparation and characterization of cytocompatible and multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles; it analyzes the efficiency of their fluorescence function, the nature of the artificial cell membrane structure, and their performance as in-cell devices; and finally, it evaluates both their chemical reactivity and effects in cells.
Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Groundwater by Granular Activated Carbon (2000)

Removal of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from an artificial groundwater by two commercially available granular activated carbons (GACs) was investigated in batch and continuous‐flow column studies. Experimental parameters examined included solution pH, presence of dissolved oxygen (DO), and GAC pretreatment with reducing agents. As solution pH increased from 4 to 7.5, the amount of Cr(VI) removed by both GACs decreased significantly. Removal of DO from experimental systems enhanced GAC performance, but pretreatment of the GACs with reductants (ferrous iron or dithionite) did not improve Cr(VI) removal. Equilibration with 0.01 M dibasic potassium phosphate [to extract adsorbed Cr(VI)] followed by a wash with 0.02 N sulfuric acid [to remove precipitated‐sorbed Cr(III)] proved to be a viable method to regenerate carbons whose Cr(VI) removal capacities were exhausted. Performance of regenerated carbons exceeded that of virgin carbons, primarily because of the favorable adsorption of Cr(VI) at low pH values and the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) on acidic GAC surfaces. The presence of Cr(III) in acid wash solutions provides direct evidence that Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(III) in GAC systems under relatively acidic conditions. Granular activated carbon performance during five complete cycles was consistently high, which suggests that such a system will be able to function over many operation cycles without deleterious effects.
The gut–brain axis: Identifying new therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and related disorders (2021)

The gut-brain axis is intimately involved in regulating glucose homeostasis and appetite, and this system plays a key role in mediating the efficacy of therapeutics that have had a major impact on treating T2DM and obesity. Research into the gut-brain axis has historically largely focused on studying individual components in this system, but new technologies are now enabling a better understanding of how signals from these components are orchestrated to regulate metabolism. While this work reveals a complexity of signaling even greater than previously appreciated, new insights are already being leveraged to explore fundamentally new approaches to treating metabolic diseases.
An integrated micropower low-voltage temperature-controlled oscillator (1982)

A bipolar implantable integrated micropower low-voltage temperature-controlled oscillator has been designed and fabricated, especially for biomedical applications. The circuit is intended to measure body temperatures within the range of 32-42/spl deg/C with an accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.1/spl deg/C. The temperature coefficient has been calibrated to 100 Hz//spl deg/C, although other values are also possible. Power consumption is less than 40 /spl mu/W at a nominal supply voltage of only 2.7 V. The implementation is in standard bipolar IC technology and thick-film technology.
<scp>ACL</scp> injury risk in elite female youth soccer: Changes in neuromuscular control of the knee following soccer‐specific fatigue (2014)

Fatigue is known to influence dynamic knee joint stability from a neuromuscular perspective, and electromechanical delay (EMD) plays an important role as the feedback activation mechanism that stabilizes the joint. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of soccer-specific fatigue on EMD in U13-, U15-, and U17-year-old female soccer players. Thirty-six youth soccer players performed eccentric actions of the hamstrings in a prone position at 60, 120, and 180°/s before and after a soccer-specific fatigue trial. Surface electromyography was used to determine EMD from the semitendinosus, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius. A time × age × muscle × velocity repeated measures analysis of variance was used to explore the influence of fatigue on EMD. A significant main effect for time (P = 0.001) indicated that EMD was significantly longer post- compared with pre-fatigue (58.4% increase). A significant time × group interaction effect (P = 0.046) indicated EMD was significantly longer in the U13 age group compared with the U15 (P = 0.011) and U17 (P = 0.021) groups and greater post-fatigue. Soccer-specific fatigue compromised neuromuscular feedback mechanisms and the age-related effects may represent a more compliant muscle-tendon system in younger compared with older girls, increasing risk of injury.
Expression of an Agrobacterium Ti plasmid gene involved in cytokinin biosynthesis is regulated by virulence loci and induced by plant phenolic compounds (1988)

The nopaline-type Ti plasmid T37 of Agrobacterium tumefaciens carries two distinct genes that encode enzymes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis. In this report, we show that the level of expression of one of these genes was increased dramatically by culture conditions that increased the expression of Ti plasmid virulence genes, including coculture with plant cells or treatment with acetosyringone, a plant phenolic compound. When this nopaline-type Ti plasmid gene was introduced into Agrobacterium strains containing an octopine-type Ti plasmid, similar induction of expression by culture conditions was observed, and analysis of virulence region mutants demonstrated that this induction was under the control of the virA and virG regulatory loci. We further show that induction was strongly pH dependent in octopine strains but, under the conditions examined, pH independent in nopaline strains.
Wafer Level Micropackaging for RF MEMS Switches (2005)

Wafer-level micro-encapsulation is an innovative, low-cost, wafer-level packaging method for encapsulating RF MEMS switches. This zero-level packaging technique has demonstrated 0.04 dB package added insertion loss at 35 GHz. This article overviews the processes, measurements, and testing methods used for determining the integrity and performance of individual encapsulated RF MEMS packages.
Two 64K CMOS SRAMs with 13ns access time (1986)

This report will cover the development of 64K×1 and 16K×4 CMOS SRAMS with access times of 13ns and power dissipation of 60mW at 10MHz. A 1.5μm double-metal, double-poly process was used. Array archtiecture allowing short lines, high-gain data path and asynchronous circuit techniques will be described.
[The use of mesenchymal stromal cells in oncology and cell therapy]. (2006)

The unique properties of stem cells are opening the door for the development of new therapeutic approaches notably in oncology and regenerative medicine. Embryonic stem cells are theoretically very promising for that purpose. However, autologous stem cells derived from blood and bone marrow are the ones which have been tested in clinical trials. Amongst these, adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess particularly attracting properties, as they are easily expanded in vitro and possess the potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Moreover, MSCs can be genetically modified and utilized as a biopharmaceutical. Several research groups are currently investigating both the fundamental properties of MSCs and applicable therapies derived from their use, particularly in cardiology but also in cancer and immunomodulation. Recently, we described that under appropriate stimulation, MSCs can behave as potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) which is of interest in our understanding of hematopoietic system immunobiology. In addition, the antigen-presenting functions of MSC could theoretically be exploited as a new therapeutic tool in cancer therapy in order to amplify immune responses against tumor-specific antigens. In addition, genetically-modified MSCs are widely tested in preclinical studies and we will here present our results regarding IL2-producing MSCs as an anticancer agent. In Canada, the activities within the field of progenitor and stem cell therapeutics has been consolidated within the National Canadian Stem Cell Network which groups researchers, clinicians, engineers and ethicists, all dedicated to study this new promising pharmaceutical avenue.
COPD diagnosis related to different guidelines and spirometry techniques (2007)

The aim was to compare the diagnosis of COPD among smokers according to different international guidelines and to compare the outcome when using slow (SVC) and forced vital capacity (FVC). In order to find current smokers a questionnaire was sent to persons who had been on sick leave for more than two weeks. Those who smoked more than 8 cigarettes per day were invited to perform a spirometry. Totally 3,887 spirometries were performed. In this sample 10.2% fulfilled the NICE COPD-criteria, 14.0% the GOLD COPD-criteria and 21.7% the ERS COPD criteria. The diagnosis according to NICE and GOLD guidelines is based on FVC and in the ERS guidelines the best value of either SVC or FVC is used. Thus, substantially more subjects with COPD were found when the best of either SVC or FVC was used. Forced VC tended to be higher than SVC when lung function was normal and in those with mild obstruction prior to bronchodilatation whereas SVC exceeded FVC after bronchodilatation in those who had severe bronchial obstruction.The diagnosis of COPD is highly depending on which guidelines are used for defining the disease. If FVC and not the best of SVC and FVC is used when defining COPD the diagnosis will be missed in a substantial number of patients.
Load-Balanced IP Routing Scheme Based on Shortest Paths in Hose Model (2010)

This paper proposes a simple shortest-path-based load-balanced Internet-Protocol (IP) routing scheme based on the hose model. The proposed scheme is an extension of the Smart-OSPF (S-OSPF) scheme. The proposed scheme, the same as S-OSPF, splits traffic demand only at source edge nodes and transmits the traffic along the shortest path routes. In S-OSPF, the split ratios are determined for each source-destination edge node pair by assuming that the traffic demand between all source-destination edge node pairs are known, in other words, the exact traffic matrix is completely given. This, however, is difficult to measure and predict accurately because of the measurement costs and rapid traffic fluctuations. On the other hand, in the proposed scheme, we assume the use of the hose model; in this model, only the total amount of traffic that a node injects into the network and the total amount of traffic it receives from the network are known. This simplicity makes it easy for network operators to apply the hose model for IP routing. This is because measuring just the total amount of traffic is less expensive than measuring the traffic demands between all source-destination edge node pairs. In addition, the aggregated traffic exhibits less fluctuation and is easier to predict than the traffic demand between each source-destination pair. Any extension of the Linear Programming (LP) formulation that optimizes S-OSPF to suit the hose model cannot be solved as a simple LP problem, because the traffic matrix is not known. By introducing a duality theorem, we successfully formulate our problem as an LP formulation that can be easily solved yielding the desired split ratios. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme dramatically reduces the network congestion ratio compared to the classical shortest path routing scheme and it provides performance close to that provided by the sophisticated traffic-engineering (TE) scheme of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)-TE.
Complete Tri-Axis Magnetometer Calibration with a Gyro Auxiliary (2017)

Magnetometers combined with inertial sensors are widely used for orientation estimation, and calibrations are necessary to achieve high accuracy. This paper presents a complete tri-axis magnetometer calibration algorithm with a gyro auxiliary. The magnetic distortions and sensor errors, including the misalignment error between the magnetometer and assembled platform, are compensated after calibration. With the gyro auxiliary, the magnetometer linear interpolation outputs are calculated, and the error parameters are evaluated under linear operations of magnetometer interpolation outputs. The simulation and experiment are performed to illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm. After calibration, the heading errors calculated by magnetometers are reduced to 0.5° (1σ). This calibration algorithm can also be applied to tri-axis accelerometers whose error model is similar to tri-axis magnetometers.
Direct Access to <i>N</i>-H-Aziridines from Asymmetric Catalytic Aziridination with Borate Catalysts Derived from Vaulted Binaphthol and Vaulted Biphenanthrol Ligands (2007)

The asymmetric catalytic aziridination reaction (AZ reaction) of N-dianisylmethylimines (N-DAM-imines) with ethyl diazoacetate is developed with chiral catalysts prepared from triphenylborate and both the vaulted binaphthol (VANOL) and vaulted biphenanthrol (VAPOL) ligands. Catalysts derived from both ligands were equally effective in terms of asymmetric induction, but the VANOL catalyst was slightly faster. Up to 400 turnovers could be achieved with the VANOL catalyst while still maintaining>or=90% ee in the aziridine product. The ligand could be recovered in 95% yield with no loss in optical purity. Excellent asymmetric inductions were observed with arylimines, and although slightly lower inductions were observed for alkyl-substituted imines, the optical purity of the aziridines from all of the imine substrates could be enhanced to>or=99% ee with a single crystallization. Methods were developed for deprotection of the N-DAM-aziridines under acidic conditions without causing an acid-promoted opening of the ring. Excellent yields of the N-H-aziridines could be obtained with both alkyl- and aryl-substituted aziridines. Finally, activation of the N-H-aziridines was achieved with Boc, tosyl, and Fmoc groups. The activated aziridines can be converted to beta3-amino esters, and unexpectedly, the N-Boc-protected aziridine-2-carboxylate 16b with a phenyl substituent in the 3-position cis to the ester group was found to undergo ring expansion to a mixture of cis- and trans-oxazolidinones.
Complexity measurement of a graphical programming language (1989)

Abstract For many years the software engineering community has been attacking the software reliability problem on two fronts. First via design methodologies, languages and tools as a pre‐check on complexity and secondly by measuring the complexity of produced software as a post‐check. This research attempts to unify the approach to creating reliable software by providing the ability to measure the complexity of a design prior to its implementation. We have successfully defined and applied software metrics to graphical designs in an effort to predict software complexity early in the software life cycle. Metric values from the graphical design are input to predictor equations, provided in this paper, to give metric values for the resultant source code.
A high repetition rate TEA CO 2 laser operating at λ=9.3-μm for the rapid and conservative ablation and modification of dental hard tissues (2006)

TEA CO<sub>2</sub> lasers tuned to the strong mineral absorption of hydroxyapatite near λ=9-μm are ideally suited for the efficient ablation of dental hard tissues if the laser-pulse is stretched to greater than 5-10-μs to avoid plasma shielding phenomena. Such CO<sub>2</sub> lasers are capable of operating at high repetition rates for the rapid removal of dental hard tissues. An Impact 2500 TEA CO<sub>2</sub> laser system from GSI Lumonics (Rugby, UK) custom modified by LightMachinery (Ottawa, Canada) with a repetition rate of 0-500 Hz was used for rapid tissue removal. The single pulse ablation rates through enamel were determined for incident fluence ranging from (1-160 J/cm<sup>2</sup>). Lateral incisions using a computer controlled scanning stage and water spray were produced and the crater morphology and chemical composition were measured using optical microscopy and high-resolution synchrotron radiation infrared spectromicroscopy. The transmission through 2-meter length 300, 500, 750 and 1000-μm silica hollow waveguides was measured and 80% transmission was achieved with 40-mJ per pulse. The λ=9.3-μm laser pulses efficiently removed dental enamel at rates exceeding 15-μm per pulses with minimal heat accumulation. The residual energy remaining in tooth samples was measured to be 30-40% without water cooling, significantly lower than for longer CO<sub>2</sub> laser pulses. These results suggest that high repetition rate TEA CO<sub>2</sub> laser systems operating at λ=9.3-μm with pulse durations of 10-20-μs are ideally suited for dental application.
Electrical Double Layer Gated Field Effect Transistor Biosensors for the Quantitative Detection of Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (2019)

In this research, we have developed biosensors to detect beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) which is a hormone widely used to test for pregnancy and also serves as a biomarker for risk assessment of certain types of cancers. The biosensor methodology is based on extended gate design of electrical double layer (EDL) gated field effect transistor (FET)[1]. The sensor demonstrates a very wide dynamic range of detection, with a very low detection limit, which shows the potential of our sensor to detect pregnancies in very early stages. Furthermore, this sensor platform can enable the use of beta-HCG for risk stratification of cancers as well. The sensor can be batch produced and does not use additional labels/reagents or sample pre-processing techniques, which can greatly enhance the cost-effectiveness, comparable to the current commercialized beta-HCG assays.