gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrazolo[3.4‐ <i>c</i> ]carbazole aus Cyclohexandion‐(1.4)‐bis‐phenylhydrazon (1970)

Cyclohexandion-(1.4)-bis-phenylhydrazon (1) reagiert in 70proz. Methanol oder Äthanol/ nH2SO4 außer zu 2 und 3 zu 3-Amino-carbazol (4) und wenig sek. Amin 30 sowie zu den Tetrahydro-pyrazolo[3.4-c]carbazolen 10 bzw. 11. Diese entstehen durch Kondensation des hypothetischen 3-Phenylhydrazono-carbazols 7 mit dem aus dem Lösungsmittel durch Dehydrierung (Phenylhydrazin-Kation) gebildeten Form- und Acetaldehyd. Zusatz dieser Aldehyde zum Reaktionsgemisch erhöht die Ausbeute an 10 und 11. Benzaldehyd liefert analog 12. – 10–12 lassen sich dehydrieren (16, 17) und unter Ringspaltung oxydieren sowie abbauen (Ketolactame 19–22, Carbonsäuren 23 und 27, Ketoester 24, Lacton 25). Permanganat in Aceton führt 11 unter NN-Verknüpfung in das Dimere 28 mit geöffnetem Pyrazolring über. –Die Spektren der vorgenannten Verbindungen erlauben zusammen mit dem Nuclear-Overhauser-Effekt, zu Gunsten einer angulären statt linearen Verknüpfung von Pyrazol- und Carbazol-System zu entscheiden. Pyrazolo[3.4-c]carbazoles from 1.4-Cyclohexanedione Bis(phenylhydrazone) The products of the reaction of 1.4-cyclohexanedione bis(phenylhydrazone) in 70perc. methanol or ethanol/n)H2SO4 are, in addition to 2 and 3, Maynly 3-aminocarbazole (4) (with a little of the corresponding sec. amine 30) and the tetrahydro-pyrazolo[3.4-c]carbazoles 10 or 11, respectively. These latter compounds arise by condensation of the hypothetical 3-phenylhydrazonocarbazole 7 with formaldehyde or acetaldehyde formed by concomitant dehydrogenation of the solvent (phenylhydraziniumion as oxidant). Addition of these aldehydes to the reaction mixture raises the yields of 10 and 11 considerably. Benzaldehyde correspondingly gives rise to the formation of 12.10–12 can be dehydrogenated (16,17) and can undergo oxidation as well as degradation with ring opening (ketolactams 19–22, carboxylic acids 23 and 27, ketoester 24, lactone 25). – Permanganate in acetone transforms 11 to the dimer 28 with one pyrazole ring opened. – The spectra of the aforementioned compounds together with the Nuclear Overhauser Effect permit a decision in favor of an angular rather than a linear junction of the pyrazole and carbazole systems.
Surface Charge Density of Unpassivated and Passivated Metal-Catalyzed Silicon Nanowires (2006)

Metal-catalyzed nanowires have previously been proposed as the active elements of field-effect devices, such as metal oxide field effect transistors and sensors. For these applications, the nanowire surface properties must be understood and controlled. Initial measurements of nanowire surface-charge density are presented here. The surface-charge density was obtained by measuring nanowires of different diameters grown between electrodes. The surface-charge density of a nanowire covered with native oxide is about ; the density appears to decrease by a factor of two to four when the native oxide is replaced by a high-quality thermally grown oxide, with further improvement possible.
Chiral Iron Catalysts for Asymmetric Synthesis (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTChiral Iron Catalysts for Asymmetric SynthesisKovuru Gopalaiah*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 5, 3248–3296Publication Date (Web):March 5, 2013Publication History Received11 June 2012Published online5 March 2013Published inissue 8 May 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr300236rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr300236rreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16333Altmetric-Citations407LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Iron,Ligands,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
<title>New 3D Bolton standards: coregistration of biplane x rays and 3D CT</title> (1997)

The Bolton Standards 'normative' cohort (16 males, 16 females) have been invited back to the Bolton-Brush Growth Study Center for new biorthogonal plain film head x-rays and 3D (three dimensional) head CT-scans. A set of 29 3D landmarks were identified on both their biplane head film and 3D CT images. The current 3D CT image is then superimposed onto the landmarks collected from the current biplane head films. Three post-doctoral fellows have collected 37 3D landmarks from the Bolton Standards' 40 - 70 year old biplane head films. These films were captured annually during their growing period (ages 3 - 18). Using 29 of these landmarks the current 3D CT image is next warped (via thin plate spline) to landmarks taken from each participant's 18th year biplane head films, a process that is successively reiterated back to age 3. This process is demonstrated here for one of the Bolton Standards. The outer skull surfaces will be extracted from each warped 3D CT image and an average will be generated for each age/sex group. The resulting longitudinal series of average 'normative' boney skull surface images may be useful for craniofacial patient: diagnosis, treatment planning, stereotactic procedures, and outcomes assessment.
Exocyclic Amine of the Conserved G·U Pair at the Cleavage Site of the <i>Tetrahymena</i> Ribozyme Contributes to 5‘-Splice Site Selection and Transition State Stabilization (1996)

A phylogenetically conserved guanine.uracil (G.U) pair defines the 5'-exon/intron boundary of precursor RNAs containing group I introns. In this wobble base pair, the G forms two hydrogen bonds with U in a base pairing geometry shifted from that of a canonical Watson-Crick pair. On the basis of thermodynamic measurements of synthetic base pair analogs (inosine, diaminopurine riboside, guanosine, or adenosine paired with U, C, or isocytidine) in place of the G.U pair, we have previously reported that the N2 exocyclic amine of the G is important for docking the 5'-exon into the active site of the Tetrahymena ribozyme [Strobel, S. A., & Cech, T. R. (1995) Science 267, 675-679]. Here we describe kinetic characterization of ribozyme-substrate combinations containing the same series of analogs. By measuring the rate constants of 5'-exon miscleavage (cleavage at incorrect phosphates), we demonstrate that the 5'-exon/intron boundary is primarily defined by the exocyclic amine of the G. The amine makes its contribution (2.5 kcal.mol-1) in the context of all three wobble pairs tested but fails to make a significant contribution (< 0.8 kcal.mol-1) when presented in a Watson-Crick base pairing geometry. We also demonstrate that the exocyclic amine makes a modest contribution to chemical transition state stabilization (1.0 kcal.mol-1 relative to an inosine-U pair). The majority of this transition state contribution (0.7 kcal.mol-1) is independent of that contributed by the 2'-hydroxyl of the neighboring U. This argues against the model in which substantial transition state stabilization is derived from a water molecule bridging between the exocyclic amine of G and the 2'-hydroxyl of U. Instead it suggests that the tertiary interaction between the exocyclic amine and its hydrogen bonding partner in the active site is slightly improved during the chemical transition. We conclude that the exocyclic amine of G is the primary contributor to many characteristics of reactivity that have been ascribed to the conserved G.U pair, including stabilization of the chemical transition state and definition of the 5'-exon/intron boundary.
The HP AutoRAID hierarchical storage system (1995)

redundant disk arrays is a black art. To properly configure an array, a system administrator must understand the details of both the array and the workload it will support; incorrect understanding of eithec or changes in the workload over time, can lead to poor performance.
G.B. 2 GREAT BRITAIN (1999)

Worker employed through a service company and an employment agency - whether legislation controlling disability discrimination applied as between the worker and the company to which his services were supplied. HEADNOTES Facts [As stated in the Court of Appeal] This appeal is about the scope of protection conferred by the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (the 1995 Act) on contract workers. The case turns on the interpretation of s.12 of the 1995 Act which makes it unlawful to dis- criminate against disabled contract workers. The point arises as a preliminary issue in an application to the employment tribunal by Mr
Reviews of Books (1945)

Reviews of Books Get access Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby and Duke of Leeds, 1632–1712, vol. ii, Letters. By ANDREW BROWNING, (Glasgow: Jackson, 1944.) G. N. CLARK G. N. CLARK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LX, Issue CCXXXVIII, September 1945, Pages 408–410, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LX.CCXXXVIII.408 Published: 01 September 1945
Chemically Synthesized Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Molybdenum/Tungsten-Based Dichalcogenides with Vertically Aligned Layers (2014)

We demonstrate a one-step, facile chemical synthesis of heterostructures based on two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with vertically aligned 2D layers. Specifically, by using a chemical vapor transport method, we synthesize molybdenum (Mo)/tungsten (W)-based disulfide and diselenide heterostructures, such as MoS2/WS2 and MoSe2/WSe2. Detailed structural characterizations reveal that the 2D layers of two different TMDCs are vertically standing/aligned exposing the edge sites of the layers. The TMDC heterostructure materials exhibit a high uniformity of structural/chemical heterogeneity over a large area (>1 cm(2)) and show anisotropic carrier transport properties. These materials with unique heterostructures have great implications for both technological applications and fundamental sciences.
Partial Purification and Some Properties of α-Amino-ε- caprolactam-racemizing Enzyme from<i>Achromobacter obae</i> (1977)

Journal Article Partial Purification and Some Properties of α-Amino-ε- caprolactam-racemizing Enzyme from Achromobacter obae Get access Takashi Fukumura Takashi Fukumura Basic Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Inc., Tebiro, Kamakura 248, Japan Present address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 8, 1 August 1977, Pages 1509–1510, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1977.10862703 Published: 01 August 1977 Article history Received: 12 April 1976 Published: 01 August 1977
A decision-feedback equalizer with pattern-dependent feedback for magnetic recording channels (2001)

A new nonlinear equalizer for high-density magnetic recording channels is presented. It has a structure of the decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) with a nonlinear model at the feedback section and a dynamic threshold detector. The feedback nonlinear model is a sequence of look-up tables (LUTs) indexed by time, and each table is addressed by a transition pattern formed by one future and /spl nu/ past transitions. We call this new nonlinear equalizer the pattern-dependent DFE (PDFE). The feedback nonlinear model cancels the trailing nonlinear intersymbol interference (ISI), and then the data decision is made by considering the precursor nonlinear ISI caused by one future symbol. We propose a tap optimization criterion SNR/sub d/ for the PDFE which in effect tries to maximize the output signal to noise ratio, and derive a closed-form solution for the tap values. We compare the detection performance of PDFE with that of the DFE and the RAM-DFE on experimental channels. The RAM-DFE is a DFE with one large LUT at its feedback section. The results show that the PDFE yields a significant performance improvement over the DFE and the RAM-DFE. Also the PDFE derived in this paper achieves a superior performance compared with the PDFE derived by the minimum mean-square-error criterion.
Sleep stage classification by non-contact vital signs indices using Doppler radar sensors (2016)

Disturbed sleep has become more common in recent years. To improve the quality of sleep, undergoing sleep observation has gained interest as a means to resolve possible problems. In this paper, we evaluate a non-restrictive and non-contact method for classifying real-time sleep stages and report on its potential applications. The proposed system measures heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), body movements, and respiratory signals of a sleeping person using two 24-GHz microwave radars placed beneath the mattress. We introduce a method that dynamically selects the window width of the moving average filter to extract the pulse waves from the radar output signals. The Pearson correlation coefficient between two HR measurements derived from the radars overnight, and the reference polysomnography was the average of 88.3% and the correlation coefficient for HRV parameters was the average of 71.2%. For identifying wake and sleep periods, the body-movement index reached sensitivity of 76.0%, and a specificity of 77.0% with 10 participants. Low-frequency (LF) components of HRV and the LF/HF ratio had a high degree of contribution and differed significantly across the three sleep stages (REM, LIGHT, and DEEP; p <; 0.01). In contrast, high-frequency (HF) components of HRV were not significantly different across the three sleep stages (p > 0.05). We applied a canonical discriminant analysis to identify wake or sleep periods and to classify the three sleep stages with leave-one-out cross validation. Classification accuracy was 66.4% for simply identifying wake and sleep, 57.1% for three stages (wake, REM, and NREM) and 34% for four stages (wake, REM, LIGHT, and DEEP). This is a novel system for measuring HRs, HRV, body movements, and respiratory intervals and for measuring high sensitivity pulse waves using two radar signals. It simplifies measurement of sleep stages and may be employed at nursing care facilities or by the general public to improve sleep quality.
Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone: a growth hormone-releasing factor (1990)

The regulation of pituitary GH has traditionally been considered to be under dual hypothalamic control, by inhibitory and stimulatory releasing factors (SRIF and GRF respectively). The specificity of these factors is not absolute, however, and both SRIF and GRF have been implicated in the regulation of other pituitary hormones. Likewise, TRH not only regulates pituitary thyrotrophin but is also an acknowledged prolactin releasing factor. Since TRH also stimulates GH release throughout the vertebrates, it should also be considered as a GRF.
HDSL transceiver performance optimization (2003)

The receiver filter optimization problem is re-examined in the context of the high-bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) application. The performance gap between an ideal decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and a baud-rate DFE is derived. An alternative matched filter implementation that does not introduce additional low-frequency phase distortion is introduced as a practical suboptimal receiver front end filter in conjunction with a baud-rate finite-length DFE.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Radionuclide speciation - the key to transport and fate? (1995)

There are hundreds, perhaps thousands, of sites which have significant radiological contamination in soil or sediments. In many cases, the only cost-effective mitigation approach would be some type of soil {open_quotes}washing{close_quotes} to remove selectively the contaminating species. This type of technique can be effectively designed only after the speciation of the radionuclide is understood. To this end one may use a series of selective extractions with the intention of isolating where contaminating ions are hosted within a sample. Unfortunately, past attempts in this area have shown that adsorption artifacts may occur and inconsistencies may arise due to differences in sample type and methodology. The authors have started a collaborative project to determine the best procedure for operationally defining a series of six fractions in NIST {open_quotes}natural-matrix standards.{close_quotes} The authors experimental design allows for an assessment of several combinations of time, temperature, and reagent strengths to optimize the overall approach. Ultimately, it is hoped that the actinide and fission product content of these standards will be certified by fraction as well as for total concentration.
A convenient large scale synthesis of 2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐(trimethylstannyl)pyridine (1990)

Abstract Reaction of phosphorus oxychloride with 2,6‐dimethylpyridine N ‐oxide hydrochloride ( 1 ) gave a mixture of 2‐(chloromethyl)‐6‐methylpyridine ( 2 ) and 4‐chloro‐2,6‐dimethylpyridine ( 3 ). Treatment of this mixture with triethylamine converted 2 to the quaternary salt 4 which was separated by water extraction leaving 3 which was subsequently reacted with trimethylstannyl sodium to yield 2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐(trimethylstannyl)pyridine ( 6 ).
Big Data Analytics with Spark: A Practitioner's Guide to Using Spark for Large Scale Data Analysis (2015)

Big Data Analytics with Spark is a step-by-step guide for learning Spark, which is an open-source fast and general-purpose cluster computing framework for large-scale data analysis. You will learn how to use Spark for different types of big data analytics projects, including batch, interactive, graph, and stream data analysis as well as machine learning. In addition, this book will help you become a much sought-after Spark expert. Spark is one of the hottest Big Data technologies. The amount of data generated today by devices, applications and users is exploding. Therefore, there is a critical need for tools that can analyze large-scale data and unlock value from it. Spark is a powerful technology that meets that need. You can, for example, use Spark to perform low latency computations through the use of efficient caching and iterative algorithms; leverage the features of its shell for easy and interactive Data analysis; employ its fast batch processing and low latency features to process your real time data streams and so on. As a result, adoption of Spark is rapidly growing and is replacing Hadoop MapReduce as the technology of choice for big data analytics. This book provides an introduction to Spark and related big-data technologies. It covers Spark core and its add-on libraries, including Spark SQL, Spark Streaming, GraphX, and MLlib. Big Data Analytics with Spark is therefore written for busy professionals who prefer learning a new technology from a consolidated source instead of spending countless hours on the Internet trying to pick bits and pieces from different sources. The book also provides a chapter on Scala, the hottest functional programming language, and the program that underlies Spark. Youll learn the basics of functional programming in Scala, so that you can write Spark applications in it. What's more, Big Data Analytics with Spark provides an introduction to other big data technologies that are commonly used along with Spark, like Hive, Avro, Kafka and so on. So the book is self-sufficient; all the technologies that you need to know to use Spark are covered. The only thing that you are expected to know is programming in any language. There is a critical shortage of people with big data expertise, so companies are willing to pay top dollar for people with skills in areas like Spark and Scala. So reading this book and absorbing its principles will provide a boostpossibly a big boostto your career.
Temperature‐Induced Changes in the Surface Wettability of SBR + PNIPA Films (2007)

Abstract We report a novel rubber film made by a simple mixing method, which realizes a steep temperature dependence of the contact angle of water at a critical temperature of 41 °C. We mixed a common SBR with a known temperature‐responsive PNIPA to make a thermo‐responsive rubber. This rubber film distinctly showed a switch of surface wettability between hydrophilic below 41 °C and hydrophobic above 41 °C. The switching property is possibly controlled by the mixing ratio of PNIPA to SBR, preparation method, added chemicals, and so on. This mixing technique will be applied for the control of surface wetting properties by temperature on various SBR‐like rubber materials, such as wet‐brake performance of automobile tires on a rainy day. magnified image
Influence of chemotherapy on FDG uptake by human cancer xenografts in nude mice. (1997)

Fluorine-18-FDG uptake decreases in parallel to the efficacy of anticancer agents and correlates with subsequent morphologic changes. We conclude that 18F-FDG PET tumor images are indeed useful for monitoring the effects of cancer chemotherapy.
Epitaxial growth of thin films of BaTiO3 using excimer laser ablation (1989)

Excimer laser ablative sputtering of sintered pellets of BaTiO3 has been used to epitaxially grow thin ∼1-μm-thick films of this material of LiF substrates.
A low store energy, low VDDmin, nonvolatile 8T2R SRAM with 3D stacked RRAM devices for low power mobile applications (2010)

This work demonstrates the first fabricated macro-level RRAM-based nonvolatile SRAM (nvSRAM) that use a new 8T2R (Rnv8T) cell to achieve fast NVM storage and low VDDmin read/write operations. The Rnv8T cell uses two fast-write low-current RRAM devices, 3D stacked over the 8T, to achieve low store energy with a compact cell area (1.6x that of a 6T cell). A 2T RRAM-switch provides both RRAM control and write-assist functions. This write assist feature enables Rnv8T cell to use read favored transistor sizing against read/write failure at a lower VDD. The fabricated 16Kb Rnv8T macro achieves the lowest store energy and R/W VDDmin (0.45V) than other nvSRAM and “SRAM+NVM” solutions.