gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Banking, Statistics in (2004)

Abstract Mathematical models in the investment banking and financial markets sectors have been the focus of concentrated research effort for several decades, but the application of statistical methods is a relatively new development. In contrast, in retail banking, statistical models have been applied for over 40 years, though of late their level of sophistication and complexity has increased dramatically. Both developments are a result of increased computer power. A large range of types of statistical tools are being applied, but especially tools concerned with predicting default risk at various levels. Given the increased competition, the current harsh economic climate, and toughening legislative environment, it seems likely that the demand for objective statistical methods will become even greater in the future.
B-Cell Receptor- and Phorbol Ester-Induced NF-κB and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Activation in B Cells Requires Novel Protein Kinase C's (2001)

Antigen receptor signaling is known to activate NF-kappaB in lymphocytes. While T-cell-receptor-induced NF-kappaB activation critically depends on novel protein kinase C theta (PKCtheta), the role of novel PKCs in B-cell stimulation has not been elucidated. In primary murine splenic B cells, we found high expression of the novel PKCs delta and epsilon but only weak expression of the theta isoform. Rottlerin blocks phorbol ester (phorbol myristate acetate [PMA])- or B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated NF-kappaB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation in primary B and T cells to a similar extent, suggesting that novel PKCs are positive regulators of signaling in hematopoietic cells. Mouse 70Z/3 pre-B cells have been widely used as a model for NF-kappaB activation in B cells. Similar to the situation in splenic B cells, rottlerin inhibits BCR and PMA stimulation of NF-kappaB in 70Z/3 cells. A derivative of 70Z/3 cells, 1.3E2 cells, are defective in NF-kappaB activation due to the lack of the IkappaB kinase (IKKgamma) protein. Ectopic expression of IKKgamma can rescue NF-kappaB activation in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), but not to PMA. In addition, PMA-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase JNK is blocked in 1.3E2 cells, suggesting that an upstream component common to both pathways is either missing or mutated. Analysis of various PKC isoforms revealed that exclusively PKCtheta was absent in 1.3E2 cells while it was expressed in 70Z/3 cells. Stable expression of either novel PKCtheta or -delta but not classical PKCbetaII in 1.3E2 IKKgamma-expressing cells rescues PMA activation of NF-kappaB and JNK signaling, demonstrating a critical role of novel PKCs for B-cell activation.
Dy 3 + - and Eu3+-doped LaGaO3 nanocrystalline phosphors for field emission displays (2006)

Nanocyrstalline LaGaO3 and Dy3+- and Eu3+-doped LaGaO3 were prepared through a Pechini-type sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence spectra, and lifetimes were utilized to characterize the samples. XRD reveals that the samples begin to crystallize at 900°C and pure LaGaO3 phase can be obtained at 1000°C. FE-SEM images indicate that the Dy3+- and Eu3+-doped LaGaO3 samples are both composed of aggregated spherical particles with sizes ranging from 40to80nm. Under the excitation of ultraviolet light and low voltage electron beams (1–5kV), the undoped LaGaO3 sample shows a strong blue emission peaking at 433nm, and the Dy3+- and Eu3+-doped LaGaO3 samples show their characteristic emissions of Dy3+ (F9∕24-H15∕26 and F9∕24-H13∕26 transitions) and Eu3+ (D0,1,25-F1,2,3,47 transitions), respectively. The relevant luminescence mechanisms are discussed.
Early Transcriptional Response of Human Neutrophils to<i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>Infection (2005)

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, an unusual obligate intracellular pathogen that persists within neutrophils, causes human anaplasmosis (previously known as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis). To study the effects of this pathogen on the transcriptional profile of its host cell, we performed a comprehensive DNA microarray analysis of the early (4-h) transcriptional response of human neutrophils to A. phagocytophilum infection. A. phagocytophilum infection resulted in the up- and down-regulation of 177 and 67 neutrophil genes, respectively. These data were verified by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR of selected genes. Notably, the up-regulation of many antiapoptotic genes, including the BCL2A1, BIRC3, and CFLAR genes, and the down-regulation of the proapoptotic TNFSF10 gene were observed. Genes involved in inflammation, innate immunity, cytoskeletal remodeling, and vesicular transport also exhibited differential expression. Vascular endothelial growth factor was also induced. These data suggest that A. phagocytophilum may alter selected host pathways in order to facilitate its survival within human neutrophils. To gain further insight into the bacterium's influence on host cell gene expression, this report presents a detailed comparative analysis of our data and other gene expression profiling studies of A. phagocytophilum-infected neutrophils and promyelocytic cell lines.
Darstellung und spektroskopische Untersuchung von Trimethoxysilylpropylsulfanen / Synthesis and Spectroscopy of Silylsulfanes (1979)

Abstract The preparation of the sulfanes [(CH 3 O) 3 Si-(CH 2 ) 2 -] 2 Sn (n=1-4) 2-5 and the corresponding mercaptane 1 is communicated. The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of 1-5 are reported and discussed. The infrared and Raman spectra are discussed in view of C-S-and S-S-bonding.
Regular Solution Theory and CO<sub>2</sub> Gas Solubility in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids (2004)

This paper explores the arguments for using solubility parameters and the regular solution theory for modeling gas solubilities in five different room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) at low partial pressures (<1 atm) and low mole fractions (<0.1). The experimentally measured and reported carbon dioxide (CO2) solubilities at low mole fractions (<0.05) suggest positive deviations from Raoult's law for CO2/RTIL solutions. These CO2 solubility deviations from Raoult's law indicate that CO2/RTIL complexations are not the sole controlling factor in relative CO2 solubilities. The RTILs' energies of vaporization and molar volumes appear to be factors in determining relative CO2 solubilities between RTILs. The energies of vaporization for the RTILs were empirically estimated from their melting points.
NF-E2 Disrupts Chromatin Structure at Human β-Globin Locus Control Region Hypersensitive Site 2 In Vitro (1996)

The human beta-globin locus control region (LCR) is responsible for forming an active chromatin structure extending over the 100-kb locus, allowing expression of the beta-globin gene family. The LCR consists of four erythroid-cell-specific DNase I hypersensitive sites (HS1 to -4). DNase I hypersensitive sites are thought to represent nucleosome-free regions of DNA which are bound by trans-acting factors. Of the four hypersensitive sites only HS2 acts as a transcriptional enhancer. In this study, we examine the binding of an erythroid protein to its site within HS2 in chromatin in vitro. NF-E2 is a transcriptional activator consisting of two subunits, the hematopoietic cell-specific p45 and the ubiquitous DNA-binding subunit, p18. NF-E2 binds two tandem AP1-like sites in HS2 which form the core of its enhancer activity. In this study, we show that when bound to in vitro-reconstituted chromatin, NF-E2 forms a DNase I hypersensitive site at HS2 similar to the site observed in vivo. Moreover, NF-E2 binding in vitro results in a disruption of nucleosome structure which can be detected 200 bp away. Although NF-E2 can disrupt nucleosomes when added to preformed chromatin, the disruption is more pronounced when NF-E2 is added to DNA prior to chromatin assembly. Interestingly, the hematopoietic cell-specific subunit, p45, is necessary for binding to chromatin but not to naked DNA. Interaction of NF-E2 with its site in chromatin-reconstituted HS2 allows a second erythroid factor, GATA-1, to bind its nearby sites. Lastly, nucleosome disruption by NF-E2 is an ATP-dependent process, suggesting the involvement of energy-dependent nucleosome remodeling factors.
Rationalizing PROTAC-Mediated Ternary Complex Formation Using Rosetta (2021)

Proteolysis-targeting chimaeras (PROTACs) are molecules that combine a target-binding warhead with an E3 ligase-recruiting moiety; by drawing the target protein into a ternary complex with the E3 ligase, PROTACs induce target protein degradation. While PROTACs hold exciting potential as chemical probes and as therapeutic agents, development of a PROTAC typically requires synthesis of numerous analogs to thoroughly explore variations on the chemical linker; without extensive trial and error, it is unclear how to link the two protein-recruiting moieties to promote formation of a productive ternary complex. Here, we describe a structure-based computational method for evaluating the suitability of a given linker for ternary complex formation. Our method uses Rosetta to dock the protein components and then builds the PROTAC from its component fragments into each binding mode; complete models of the ternary complex are then refined. We apply this approach to retrospectively evaluate multiple PROTACs from the literature, spanning diverse target proteins. We find that modeling ternary complex formation is sufficient to explain both activity and selectivity reported for these PROTACs, implying that other cellular factors are not key determinants of activity in these cases. We further find that interpreting PROTAC activity is best approached using an ensemble of structures of the ternary complex rather than a single static conformation and that members of a structurally conserved protein family can be recruited by the same PROTAC through vastly different binding modes. To encourage adoption of these methods and promote further analyses, we disseminate both the computational methods and the models of ternary complexes.
Drug incompatibility chemistry (2009)

Incompatibility of drug and nutrient injections is clinically hazardous. Knowledge of products' chemical facts, organic acid-base equilibria in relation to ionization and nonionization and aqueous solubility, and ranges of pH and ingredient strength from United States Pharmacopeia monographs and product labeling is the foundation of expertise in drug incompatibility. Precipitation in injectable drug solutions should be suspected, particularly when oppositely charged drug salts are mixed in relatively strong concentrations and when pH values of dilutions create more than 1% of nonionized drug forms.
Functionalized Siloles: Versatile Synthesis, Aggregation‐Induced Emission, and Sensory and Device Applications (2009)

Abstract The synthesis of functionalized siloles has been a challenge because of the incompatibility of polar functional groups with the reactive intermediates in the conventional protocols for silole synthesis. In this work, a synthetic route for silole functionalization is elaborated, through which a series of functionalized siloles are successfully prepared. Whereas light emissions of traditional luminophores are often quenched by aggregation, most of the functionalized siloles show an exactly opposite phenomenon of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). The siloles are nonemissive when dissolved in their good solvents but become highly luminescent when aggregated in their poor solvents or in the solid state. Manipulation of the aggregation–deaggregation processes of the siloles enables them to play two seemly antagonistic roles and work as both excellent quenchers and efficient emitters. The AIE effect endows the siloles with multifaceted functionalities, including fluorescence quenching, pH sensing, explosive detection, and biological probing. The sensing processes are very sensitive (with detection limit down to 0.1 ppm) and highly selective (with capability of discriminating among different kinds of ions, explosives, proteins, DNAs, and RNAs). The siloles also serve as active layers in the fabrication of electroluminescent devices and as photosensitive films in the generation of fluorescence patterns.
Anisotropieeffekte konjugierter cyclischer Systeme, VI. Struktur und magnetische Anisotropie mesitylsubstituierter Ferrocene (1985)

Abstract Aus 2‐(2‐Ethyl‐4,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐1,3‐dimethylcyclopentadien ( 22a ) werden zwei isomere Ferrocenderivate erhalten. Durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen wird deren exo , exo ‐( 9 ) bzw. endo , endo ‐Konfiguration ( 10 ) bestimmt. Anhand der 1 H‐NMR‐Spektren dieser Ferrocene ist die Zuordnung der Methylgruppensignale im 1 H‐NMR‐Spektrum des 1,1′,3,3′‐Tetramethyl‐2,2′‐dimesitylferrocens ( 7 ) bewiesen. Signale von Methylgruppen in exo ‐Stellung des Mesitylferrocens werden um −0.74 ppm nach hohem Magnetfeld und solche von zum Eisenatom gerichteten in endo ‐Stellung um +0.71 ppm nach tiefem Feld verschoben. Daraus leitet sich für Ferrocen eine dem Benzol ähnliche diamagnetische Anisotropieverteilung ab.
Randomized comparison of two preoperative methods for preparation of the colon: oral administration of a solution of polyethylene glycol plus electrolytes and total parenteral nutrition. (1998)

Colon preparation using PEG-ELS is just as good as the 7-days' TPN treatment and fasting, and exceeds from the standpoint of saving time.
Both acidic-type and neutral-type asparaginyl-oligosaccharides of host-cell glycoproteins are altered in Rous-sarcoma-virus-transformed chick-embryo fibroblasts (1985)

In comparisons of [3H]mannose-labelled glycopeptides from chick-embryo fibroblasts infected and transformed with non-defective Prague C Rous-sarcoma virus and from untransformed fibroblasts infected with a transformation-defective derivative of Prague C Rous-sarcoma virus, we have detected transformation-dependent alterations in both the acidic-type and the neutral-type asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of cellular glycoproteins. Pronase-digested glycopeptides were analysed by the combined techniques of gel filtration, exo- and endo-glycosidase digestion and concanavalin A-agarose affinity chromatography. The transformed cell glycoproteins contained more sialic acid and were enriched for more highly branched (versus biantennary) acidic-type structures compared with the untransformed cell glycoproteins, similarly to previously reported transformation-dependent alterations. In addition, the glycopeptides from the virus-transformed cells contained several neutral-type structures that were apparently absent from the untransformed cells: small neutral-type oligosaccharides (Man3GlcNAc2) that were sensitive to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D but resistant to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, and oligosaccharides with the property of 'truncated' precursor oligosaccharides (endoglycosidase-resistant, alpha-mannosidase-sensitive). Endoglycosidase-released oligosaccharides with the properties of hybrid-type structures were derived from the glycoproteins of both transformed and untransformed cells.
Total Dietary Fiber (CODEX Definition) in Foods and Food Ingredients by a Rapid Enzymatic-Gravimetric Method and Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study, First Action 2017.16 (2018)

A method for measurement of total dietary fiber (TDF) has been validated. This method is applicable to plant materials, foods, and food ingredients as consumed, consistent with the 2009 CODEX definition (ALINORM 09/32/REP), and measures insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF), comprising SDF that precipitates in the presence of 78% ethanol (SDFP) and SDF that remains soluble in the presence of 78% ethanol (SDFS). The method is an update of AOAC Method 2009.01 and addresses each of the issues identified by analysts in using that method over the past 8 years. A total of 13 laboratories participated in the study, with all laboratories returning valid assay data for most of the 16 test portions (8 blind duplicates) consisting of samples with a range of content of traditional dietary fibers, resistant starch, and nondigestible oligosaccharides. The dietary fiber content of the eight test pairs ranged from 6.90 to 60.37 g/100 g. TDF was calculated as the sum of IDF plus SDFP measured gravimetrically and SDFS measured by HPLC. The repeatability SD ranged from 0.27 to 0.76 g/100 g, and the reproducibility SD ranged from 0.54 to 3.99 g/100 g. The RSD<sub>r</sub> ranged from 1.22 to 6.52%, and the RSD<sub>R</sub> ranged from 2.14 to 10.62%.
Adèle de Sénange (1794) et sa réception (1995)

9. Adle de Snange (1794) et sa rception L'tude des circonstances entourant la publication d'Adle de Snange offre un nouvel exemple des efforts des Franaises migres sous la Rvolution pour survivre. tudier la rception de ce roman claire aussi l'volution de la sensibilit du XVIII e sicle finissant, tout comme le dveloppement du roman fminin post-rvolutionnaire. 1 Dans Trois Femmes d'Isabelle de Charrire, paru en 1795, les deux jeunes hros, Theobald et Emilie, discutent avec animation Adle de Snange qu'ils dcrivent comme une 'nouveaut charmante ... que tout le monde a lue, que tout le monde a admire.' 2
Nutritious study of Fe element in animal tissue and body fiuid (2004)

It was summed up to the total amount,distribution、metablism、deficiency、bisease、requirement、amount and appliance in amimal production about the trace elememt Fe. Owing to the difference of animal variety、sex、age in days and weight, the reserves of Fe element in animal boby was also different. It was fully described about the effect mechanism of the important nutrition concentration of Fe element in animal boby. It could provide scientific basis for nutritious study of Fe element.
Laser scan matching in polar coordinates with application to SLAM (2005)

This paper presents a novel method for 2D laser scan matching called polar scan matching (PSM). The method belongs to the family of point to point matching approaches. Our method avoids searching for point associations by simply matching points with the same bearing. This association rule enables the construction of an algorithm faster than the iterative closest point (ICP). Firstly the PSM approach is tested with simulated laser scans. Then the accuracy of our matching algorithm is evaluated from real laser scans from known relative positions to establish a ground truth. Furthermore, to demonstrate the practical usability of the new PSM approach, experimental results from a Kalman filter implementation of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) are provided.
Interleukin‐1 ‐induced expression of nitric oxide synthase in insulin‐producing cells is preceded by c‐<i>fos</i> induction and depends on gene transcription and protein synthesis (1993)

The cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) induces the expression of an isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in insulin-producing cells which is similar to that expressed in activated macrophages. In the present study we show that IL-1 beta-induced expression of NOS mRNA in these cells is preceded by expression of c-fos mRNA. Moreover, the stimulatory effects of recombinant IL-1 beta on NOS mRNA expression are prevented by co-incubation with an inhibitor of gene transcription (actinomycin D) or an inhibitor of protein synthesis (cycloheximide). These data suggest that IL-1 beta-induced NOS mRNA expression may be mediated by transcription of immediate early response genes, and that c-fos may be one of these genes.
A micromachined, single-crystal silicon, tunable resonator (1995)

We present a fully integrated, single-crystal silicon (SCS), micromachined tunable resonator with a natural resonant frequency of nominally 1 MHz and a room temperature quality factor approaching 10,000 in vacuum. The microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process used to create the SCS tunable resonators is fully compatible with VLSI technology. These resonators can be electrostatically excited and turned simultaneously or independently in both the x and y dimensions (in-plane), and can be further enhanced with a third dimension excitation (out-of-plane, z) and with reference marks (tips) for position detection in sensor applications. The dimensions of our microbeam tunable resonators are sub-micrometer in width and a few micrometers in height, with variable lengths ranging from 10 mu m to a few hundred mu m to achieve the desired natural (un-tuned) resonant frequencies. The prototype first generation tunable resonator has a measured out-of-plane (z) natural resonant frequency of 0.96 MHz and a quality factor of 4370. This resonator has a linear tuning range (with respect to the transverse (z) tuning force) of 60 kHz with a maximum required dc tuning voltage of 35 V. We describe the structure, the fabrication process, the frequency tuning, and the non-linear frequency response of the tunable resonators.
Plant Production of Transgenic Eucalyptus camaldulensis Carrying the Populus tremuloides Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase Gene (2001)

The gene encoding cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) from Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) was transferred in a sense or antisense orientation into a superior clone of Eucalyptus camaldulensis via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transformed cells, calli, shoots, and plants were obtained, and transformation was verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Transgenic shoots carrying the C4H gene proliferated and elongated at a much greater rate than both transgenic control shoots harboring the β-glucouronidase (GUS) gene and untransformed control shoots. Two independent lines of each of the transgenic plants carrying sense or antisense C4H were produced. Genomic DNA analyses confirmed that the aspen C4H gene was successfully transferred and integrated into the chromosomal genome of these E. camaldulensis transgenic plants. More than 100 rooted cuttings derived from these transgenic plants were generated and have been out-planted for further characterization.
The Four Systems Tests (1957)

This paper highlights the efforts of the Army Signal Corps and particularly those of the Army Electronic Proving Ground (AEPG), Fort Huachuca, Arizona, in the fields of Air Navigation and Traffic Control, Battle Area Surveillance, Electronic Warfare, and Grid or Area Communications. These systems will provide the working tool to improve command control as the technology of warfare changes because of scientific advances in atomic and other fields.