gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broadband meanderline slot spiral antenna (2002)

A new broadband, cavity-backed slot spiral antenna is proposed. It combines variable growth rates at the centre region for improved high band radiation, with meandering in the outer turns for more efficient low band operation. A detailed characterisation of all antenna components and parameters is provided along with guidelines and recommendations for miniaturisation and realisation. The performance degradation due to cavity resonances is discussed and their suppression is also demonstrated. The developed design has broadband UHF to S-band operation with up to 20 dB gain improvement at 250 MHz using a 15 cm aperture. Using the same design concept, 45 cm apertures are realised and their operation from VHF to S-band is demonstrated.
A General Model for Non-Markovian Stochastic Decision Discrete-Event Systems (2005)

This paper extends previous work on modeling stochastic decision discrete-event systems (DDES) through a generalized semi-Markov decision process (GSMDP), which discards any restrictive unrealistic assumptions and can be applied to complex cases including non-Markovian environment. Moreover, as a typical example, we develop a GSMDP model for the optimal call admission control (CAC) problem in an integrated voice/data wireless network supporting multiple traffic types with different resource requirements. In contrast to existing methods, this approach can better model the real world of the next generation wireless network behaviors. Besides, through a form of reinforcement learning algorithm known as Q-learning, we can solve the Bellman optimality equation with requiring neither explicit state transition probabilities nor any assumptions behind the network model.
Myocardial T1 mapping: modalities and clinical applications. (2014)

Myocardial fibrosis appears to be linked to myocardial dysfunction in a multitude of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. Accurate non-invasive quantitation of this extra-cellular matrix has the potential for widespread clinical benefit in both diagnosis and guiding therapeutic intervention. T1 mapping is a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging technique, which shows early clinical promise particularly in the setting of diffuse fibrosis. This review will outline the evolution of T1 mapping and the various techniques available with their inherent advantages and limitations. Histological validation of this technique remains somewhat limited, however clinical application in a range of pathologies suggests strong potential for future development.
A Polyvinyl Alcohol-Polyaniline Based Electro-Conductive Hydrogel for Controlled Stimuli-Actuable Release of Indomethacin (2011)

Electro-conductive hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol), crosslinked with diethyl acetamidomalonate as the hydrogel component, were engineered using polyaniline as the inherently conductive component, and fabricated in the form of cylindrical devices to confer electro-actuable release of the model drug indomethacin. The hydrogels were characterized for their physicochemical and physicomechanical properties. Cyclic voltammetry was employed for electro-activity and conductivity analysis. Drug entrapment efficiency ranged from 65–70%. “ON-OFF” switchable drug release was obtained by periodically applying-removing-reapplying an electric potential ranging from 0.3–5.0 V for 60 seconds at hourly intervals and the cumulative drug release obtained ranged from 4.7–25.2% after four release cycles respectively. The electro-stimulated release of indomethacin was associated with the degree of crosslinking, the polymeric ratio and drug content. A Box-Behnken experimental design was constructed employing 1.2 V as the baseline potential difference. The devices demonstrated superior swellability and high diffusivity of indomethacin, in addition to high electrical conductivity with “ON-OFF” drug release kinetics via electrical switching. In order to investigate the electro-actuable release of indomethacin, molecular mechanics simulations using AMBER-force field were performed on systems containing water molecules and the poly(vinyl alcohol)-polyaniline composite under the influence of an external electric field. Various interaction energies were monitored to visualize the effect of the external electric field on the erosion of polyaniline from the co-polymeric matrix. This strategy allows the electro-conductive hydrogels to be suitably applied for controlled, local and electro-actuable drug release while sustaining a mild operating environment.
Studies of intramolecular rearrangements of acyl-linked glucuronides using salicyclic acid, flufenamic acid, and (S)- and (R)-benoxaprofrn and confirmation of isomerization in acyl-linked .DELTA.9-11-carboxytetrahydrocannabinol glucuronide (1989)

NMR and HPLC have been used to investigate the rearrangements of 1-O-acylglucuronides in vitro and the occurrence of rearranged isomers in urine. Glucuronides of flufenamic acid, (S)- and (R)-benoxaprofen, salicylic acid, and delta 9-11-carboxytetrahydrocannabinol were synthesized, by use of immobilized enzymes, or purified from urine. Ester-linked isomers of these gluruconides were characterized, and isomers derived from flufenamic acid, (S)-benoxaprofen, and salicylic acid were purified for further study by NMR and HPLC. The positions of the new ester linkages could be identified by two-dimensional NMR. Shifts not only in the resonance of the proton adjacent to the esterified hydroxyl group but also in the resonance of the anomeric proton on carbon 1 of the glucuronic acid moiety could be correlated with the position of each isomeric ester bond. HPLC elution times also correlated with ester position in this small set of samples. The sequences of isomer formation were studied in situ by NMR and also at pH 8 by HPLC. These studies indicate that, for the three cases examined, the C-2 ester is formed first, followed by formation of C-3 and C-4 esters. The purified isomeric esters were found not to re-form the high-energy 1-O-acyl bond. All other rearrangement steps are reversible. In contrast to other glycosides and glycerol esters, no evidence could be found for rearrangements beyond nearest-neighbor hydroxyl groups in glucuronic acid. The sequence of formation and reversibility is consistent with an ortho ester intermediate, as has been proposed for rearrangements of other glycosides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Automatic behavioral Verilog model generation using engineering parameters (2002)

Proposes a new automatic Verilog model generation method that takes the user-specified engineering parameters as input and generates a behavioral Verilog model. Previous methods require engineers to have knowledge of particular input into techniques such as graphical entry, specialized table format, etc. The proposed method is based on the fact that it is common practice for engineers to specify their circuits using engineering parameters. This parameter-driven method allows engineers to create a Verilog model quickly and easily. Additionally, the proposed method covers a wide range of circuits including commonly-used circuits as well as the finite state machine and the combinational logic block.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
cw operation of 1.57-μm Ga<i>x</i>In1−<i>x</i>As<i>y</i>P1−<i>y</i>InP distributed feedback lasers grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1984)

Continuous wave operation of 1.57-μm distributed feedback lasers fabricated on material grown by two-step low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth process is reported for the first time. Room-temperature continuous wave threshold currents as low as 60 mA have been measured for devices with cavity length of 300 μm and stripe width of 5 μm. Single longitudinal mode operation at fixed mode was obtained under the continuous wave condition, in the temperature range 9–90 °C, with the wavelength shift of 0.9 Å/°C. A stop band of 25 Å in which no resonance mode emission existed, was observed in the output spectrum of the distributed feedback laser.
Hard Example Mining with Auxiliary Embeddings (2018)

Hard example mining is an important part of the deep embedding learning. Most methods perform it at the mini-batch level. However, in the large-scale settings there is only a small chance that proper examples will appear in the same mini-batch and will be coupled into the hard example pairs or triplets. Doppelganger mining was previously proposed to increase this chance by means of class-wise similarity. This method ensures that examples of similar classes are sampled into the same mini-batch together. One of the drawbacks of this method is that it operates only at the class level, while there also might be a way to select appropriate examples within class in a more elaborated way than randomly. In this paper, we propose to use auxiliary embeddings for hard example mining. These embeddings are constructed in such way that similar examples have close embeddings in the cosine similarity sense. With the help of these embeddings it is possible to select new examples for the mini-batch based on their similarity with the already selected examples. We propose several ways to create auxiliary embeddings and use them to increase the number of potentially hard positive and negative examples in each mini-batch. Our experiments on the challenging Disguised Faces in the Wild (DFW) dataset show that hard example mining with auxiliary embeddings improves the discriminative power of learned representations.
Single Hybrid Tee Frequency Discriminator (Letters) (1975)

A novel single hybrid tee frequency discriminator is investigated. It consists of ordinary microwave components and its tuning is achieved by means of a movable short circuit. The discriminator properties are comparable to those of an ordinary phase discriminator. Because of its simplicity, the discriminator can be used for instantaneous frequency measurements in nanosecond time intervals.
Estrogen-related receptor α regulates skeletal myocyte differentiation via modulation of the ERK MAP kinase pathway (2011)

Myocyte differentiation involves complex interactions between signal transduction pathways and transcription factors. The estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) regulate energy substrate uptake, mitochondrial respiration, and biogenesis and may target structural gene programs in striated muscle. However, ERRα's role in regulating myocyte differentiation is not known. ERRα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) are coordinately upregulated with metabolic and skeletal muscle-specific genes early in myogenesis. We analyzed effects of ERRα overexpression and loss of function in myogenic models. In C2C12 myocytes ERRα overexpression accelerated differentiation, whereas XCT790 treatment delayed myogenesis and resulted in myotubes with fewer mitochondria and disorganized sarcomeres. ERRα-/- primary myocytes showed delayed myogenesis, resulting in structurally immature myotubes with reduced sarcomeric assembly and mitochondrial function. However, sarcomeric and metabolic gene expression was unaffected or upregulated in ERRα-/- cells. Instead, ERRα-/- myocytes exhibited aberrant ERK activation early in myogenesis, consistent with delayed myotube formation. XCT790 treatment also increased ERK phosphorylation in C2C12, whereas ERRα overexpression decreased early ERK activation, consistent with the opposing effects of these treatments on differentiation. The transient induction of MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), which mediates ERK dephosphorylation at the onset of myogenesis, was lost in ERRα-/- myocytes and in XCT790-treated C2C12. The ERRα-PGC-1α complex activates the Dusp1 gene, which encodes MKP-1, and ERRα occupies the proximal 5' regulatory region during early differentiation in C2C12 myocytes. Finally, treatment of ERRα-/- myocytes with MEK inhibitors rescued normal ERK signaling and myogenesis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that ERRα is required for normal skeletal myocyte differentiation via modulation of MAP kinase signaling.
Blowing in the Wind (2004)

There was a time when many on the Left viewed psychotherapy as a distraction from politics and social activism. R.W. Connell charts the processes by which this view shifted.
Electrode size and tissue pO<sub>2</sub> measurement in rats exposed to air or high pressure oxygen (1965)

A comparison has been made of values of pO 2 recorded in several rat tissues with 60-μ or 330-μ flexible gold electrodes. Although qualitatively both sizes of electrodes give similar results, the quantitative values of pO 2 differ. Such large differences as are found in some cases between electrodes varying only in physical dimensions are thought to reflect the amount of trauma caused in the tissue under investigation due to electrode insertion. Errors in pO 2 estimations due to tissue damage are considered to outweigh any other errors such as those due to electrode calibration. Soft, highly vascular tissues, such as liver, kidney, and spleen, which show macroscopic bruising over quite a large area when electrodes are inserted, show the greatest difference in estimations of the pO 2 value. Recordings of tissue pO 2 were made while animals breathed air and when compressed to 4 or 5 atm in pure oxygen, and the pattern of response of tissue pO 2 to such exposure of the animal to high pressures of oxygen is described. values of pO 2 ; flexible electrodes; tissue damage; compressed in pure oxygen Submitted on July 24, 1964
Learning to Inpaint for Image Compression (2017)

We study the design of deep architectures for lossy image compression. We present two architectural recipes in the context of multi-stage progressive encoders and empirically demonstrate their importance on compression performance. Specifically, we show that: 1) predicting the original image data from residuals in a multi-stage progressive architecture facilitates learning and leads to improved performance at approximating the original content and 2) learning to inpaint (from neighboring image pixels) before performing compression reduces the amount of information that must be stored to achieve a high-quality approximation. Incorporating these design choices in a baseline progressive encoder yields an average reduction of over 60% in file size with similar quality compared to the original residual encoder.
Random Noise Radar/Sodar With Ultrawideband Waveforms (2007)

Random noise waveforms with ultrawide bandwidth improve the range resolution and reduces the probability of intercept in radar/sodar. As a result of the nonperiodic waveform, the range ambiguity is removed as well. By transmitting a sine signal that is phase or frequency modulated by random noise, autocorrelation functions with improved side lobe suppression in range can be formed. There are great similarities in the signal-processing algorithms applied in noise radar and sodar. The much slower propagation velocity of sound compared to light reduces the signal bandwidth but increases the time of measurement, however. In both sodar and radar, the range resolution is determined by the wavelength band occupied by the transmitted waveform, while the velocity resolution is controlled by the ratio of wavelength and time of measurement. The slower sound velocity also enhances the range/Doppler ambiguity problem in sodar when periodic waveforms are applied. This ambiguity could be suppressed if nonperiodic waveforms are introduced, such as random noise. In this paper, fundamental similarities and differences on system level between sodar and radar are first discussed, and signal-processing algorithms applied in random noise radar/sodar are reviewed. In particular, the noise floor of the ambiguity function and its relationship to spectrum width and time of measurement are analyzed, including improved side lobe suppression using mismatched filtering. The signal-processing algorithms were tested on raw data from sodar measurements on moving targets, buildings, vegetation, and water surfaces. An adaptive filter algorithm for suppression of the increased noise floor from dominant reflectors was derived and successfully applied to both sodar and stepped frequency radar data
Novel synthesis of N-doped graphene as an efficient electrocatalyst towards oxygen reduction (2016)

Nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) was successfully synthesized by a novel, facile, and scalable bottom-up method. The annealed NG (NG-A) possessed high specific surface area and a hierarchical porous texture, and exhibited remarkably improved electrocatalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction in both alkaline and acidic media. Ab initio molecular dynamic simulations indicated that rapid H transfer and the thermodynamic stability of six-membered N structures promoted the transformation of N-containing species from pyrrolic to pyridinic at 600 °C. In O2-staturated 0.1 M KOH solution, the half-wave potential (E 1/2) of NG-A was only 62 mV lower than that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst, and the limiting current density of NG-A was 0.5 mA·cm–2 larger than that of Pt/C. Koutecky–Levich (K–L) plots and rotating ring-disk electrode measurement indicated a four-electron-transfer pathway in NG-A, which could be ascribed to its high content of pyridinic N.
Abstract semantic differencing via speculative correlation (2014)

We address the problem of computing semantic differences between a program and a patched version of the program. Our goal is to obtain a precise characterization of the difference between program versions, or establish their equivalence. We focus on infinite-state numerical programs, and use abstract interpretation to compute an over-approximation of program differences.
Lossless video compression using combination of temporal and spatial prediction (2003)

In this paper, we suggested a method for lossless video compression using combination of temporal and spatial adaptive prediction. This video encoder uses movement estimation to remove the temporal redundancy and uses GAP to remove the spatial redundancy, and then an adaptive method is used to combine the two predictions. The proposed schemes also use context-based coding. Experiment results shows that the proposed method has superior performance than state of the art lossless compression techniques JPEG-LS or CALIC about 10%, enabling more efficient video communications and storage.
Molecular Cloning of WHI2, a Gene Involved in the Regulation of Cell Proliferation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1985)

The WHI2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a key role in coordinating cell proliferation and nutrient availability. A 2.6 kb yeast DNA sequence has been cloned which fully suppresses the whi2 mutation. Integration of this sequence to demonstrate that the structural gene itself had been cloned proved difficult. Integration occurred only rarely and only at the LEU2 locus which was also present on the integrating plasmid. To circumvent these difficulties an adjacent sequence, present on the original isolate from the gene library, was subcloned onto the integrating vector YIp5, after which directed integration proved straightforward. The integrated sequence was closely linked to WHI2, confirming that the structural gene had been cloned. A chromosomal restriction map of the WHI2 region is presented; no gross changes were observed in the region as cells entered stationary phase.
PHOTOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION OF MERCURIC SULFIDE INTO METHYLMERCURY IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS (1976)

Abstract Photochemical solubilization and methylation of mercuric sulfide have been studied in aqueous acetic acid solutions. Mercuric sulfide was solubilized gradually and almost completely after three weeks by irradiation with the light of a blacklight lamp. The measurements of methylmercury photo-produced in the aqueous system demonstrated that the rate of the production of methylmercury was in good agreement with that of the photo-solubilization of mercuric sulfide.
A document engineering model and processing framework for multimedia documents (2010)

Electronic documents are different from their traditional counterparts in the sense that they do not have an inherent physical representation. Document engineering uses this notion to automatically adapt the presentation of a document to the context in which it is presented. The document engineering paradigm is particularly well suited for textual documents. Nevertheless, the advantages of document engineering are also desirable for documents which are not based on text-flow, such as time based multimedia documents. Existing document engineering technology, however, makes implicit assumptions about documents based on text-flow that do not for multimedia documents. As a result, current document engineering tools do not work as well for multimedia documents. In our research we make the underlying assumptions of text-flow based document engineering explicit and study the way these assumptions conflict with multimedia documents. We use this to define requirements for a document engineering model and framework that apply to multimedia documents. The resulting model defines a source document as an explicit representation of the message intended by the author. The transformation rules exploit knowledge about domain, design and discourse in order to convey the intended message effectively and ensure that the result meets the constraints imposed by the delivery context. We have implemented this model in a software framework called "Cuypers", which integrates elements from web, document processing and knowledge intensive architectures.
Water soluble multiarm-polyethylene glycol–betulinic acid prodrugs: design, synthesis, and in vivo effectiveness (2014)

Multiarm-polyethylene glycol–betulinic acid prodrugs were prepared by using multiarm-polyethylene glycol linkers and betulinic acid, which exhibited high drug loading capacity, good water solubility, and excellent anticancer activity.
Navigating Intersections with Autonomous Vehicles using Deep Reinforcement Learning (2017)

Providing an efficient strategy to navigate safely through unsignaled intersections is a difficult task that requires determining the intent of other drivers. We explore the effectiveness of Deep Reinforcement Learning to handle intersection problems. Using recent advances in Deep RL, we are able to learn policies that surpass the performance of a commonly-used heuristic approach in several metrics including task completion time and goal success rate and have limited ability to generalize. We then explore a system's ability to learn active sensing behaviors to enable navigating safely in the case of occlusions. Our analysis, provides insight into the intersection handling problem, the solutions learned by the network point out several shortcomings of current rule-based methods, and the failures of our current deep reinforcement learning system point to future research directions.
Evolution and Taxonomic Distribution of Nonribosomal Peptide and Polyketide Synthases (2008)

The majority of nonribosomal peptide synthases and type I polyketide synthases are multimodular megasynthases of oligopeptide and polyketide secondary metabolites, respectively. Owing to their multimodular architecture, they synthesize their metabolites in assembly line logic. The ongoing genomic revolution together with the application of computational tools has provided the opportunity to mine the various genomes for these enzymes and identify those organisms that produce many oligopeptide and polyketide metabolites. In addition, scientists have started to comprehend the molecular mechanisms of megasynthase evolution, by duplication, recombination, point mutation and module skipping. This knowledge and computational analyses have been implemented towards predicting the specificity of these megasynthases and the structure of their end products. It is an exciting field, both for gaining deeper insight into their basic molecular mechanisms and exploiting them biotechnologically.