gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using<i>Perl</i>for Statistics: Data Processing and Statistical Computing (2004)

In this paper we show how Perl, an expressive and extensible high-level programming language, with network and ob ject-oriented programming support, can be used in processing data for statistics and statistical computing. The paper is organized in two parts. In Part I, we introduce the Perl programming language, with particular emphasis on the features that distinguish it from conventional languages. Then, using practical examples, we demonstrate how Perl's distinguishing features make it particularly well suited to perform labor intensive and sophisticated tasks ranging from the preparation of data to the writing of statistical reports. In Part II we show how Perl can be extended to perform statistical computations using modules and by
Dentin bonding system shelf life and bond strength. (1993)

The purpose of this study was to assess the shelf life of dentin bonding systems by means of bond strength testing. The systems evaluated were Mirage-Bond, All-Bond and Tenure. Specimens were tested immediately, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 12 months after opening the kits. Flat dentin surfaces were created on 210 extracted human molars that had been stored in saline. Ten specimens were prepared for each dentin bonding system at each shelf time. Each material was prepared and placed following the manufacturer's instructions. Prisma MicroFine resin composite was then placed. Shear bond strength testing was conducted using a universal testing machine. A two-way ANOVA indicated a significant interaction between bonding system and storage time (F = 2.28, P = 0.01). Multiple comparison tests indicated statistically significant bond strength differences by storage time for All-Bond and Mirage-Bond. In addition, a comparison of bonding systems at each storage time revealed significant differences at three of the seven times. These results suggest that shelf life for two of the three dentin bonding systems may be significantly shorter than currently presumed.
Secured Wireless Communication using Fuzzy Logic based High Speed Public-Key Cryptography (FLHSPKC) (2012)

In this paper secured wireless communication using fuzzy logic based high speed public-key cryptography (FLHSPKC) has been proposed by satisfying the major issues likes computational safety, power management and restricted usage of memory in wireless communication. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has several major constraints likes’ inadequate source of energy, restricted computational potentiality and limited memory. Though conventional Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) which is a sort of public-key cryptography used in wireless communication provides equivalent level of security like other existing public–key algorithm using smaller parameters than other but this traditional ECC does not take care of all these major limitations in WSN. In conventional ECC consider Elliptic curve point p, an arbitrary integer k and modulus m, ECC carry out scalar multiplication kP mod m, which takes about 80% of key computation time on WSN. In this paper proposed FLHSPKC scheme provides some novel strategy including novel soft computing based strategy to speed up scalar multiplication in conventional ECC and which in turn takes shorter computational time and also satisfies power consumption restraint, limited usage of memory without hampering the security level. Performance analysis of the different strategies under FLHSPKC scheme and comparison study with existing conventional ECC methods has been done.
Relationship between hyaluronan production and metastatic potential of mouse mammary carcinoma cells. (1999)

To investigate the roles of hyaluronan produced by cancer cells in cancer metastasis, the metastatic potential of the highly metastatic mouse mammary carcinoma FM3A HA1 cell line was compared with those of hyaluronan-deficient mutant cells. Five different mutant clones showed markedly reduced hyaluronan production and lacked the ability to form hyaluronan-rich pericellular coats. These mutant clones displayed significant decreases in metastatic ability compared with the parental cells after i.v. injection into syngeneic mice. These results suggested that the decreased hyaluronan production caused not only the lack of matrix formation but also decreased metastatic potential of the cancer cells. Expression of mouse hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) by transfection into HAS- cells defective in hyaluronan synthase activity rescued hyaluronan matrix formation as well as hyaluronan production. Lung metastasis after i.v. injection of HAS1 transfectants was also recovered significantly. The results provide direct evidence for the involvement of hyaluronan in cancer metastasis.
Psoralen and long wavelength ultraviolet radiation as an adjuvant therapy for prevention of intimal hyperplasia and constrictive remodeling after balloon dilation: A study in the rabbit iliac artery (1998)

PUVA-therapy did not prevent intimal hyperplasia following balloon dilation but enhanced luminal narrowing by augmented constrictive remodeling.
MgATP-Dependent Transport of Phytochelatins Across the Tonoplast of Oat Roots (1995)

In Cd-exposed oat (Avena sativa) roots Cd was found to be associated primarily with the phytochelatin ([gamma]-glutamylcysteinyl)3-glutamic acid [([gamma]EC)3G], with a peptide to Cd ratio of 1:3 (cysteine to Cd ratio of 1:1), even though both ([gamma]EC)2G and ([gamma]EC)3G were present in the roots. Phytochelatins are known to accumulate in the vacuoles of plant cells on exposure to Cd, but the mechanism is not clear. Here we present evidence for the transport of the phytochelatins ([gamma]EC)3G and ([gamma]EC)2G as well as the Cd complex Cd-([gamma]EC)3G across the tonoplast of oat roots. Transport of ([gamma]EC)3G had a Km, for MgATP of 0.18 mM and a Vmax of 0.7 to 1 nmol mg-1 protein min-1. Transport of ([gamma]EC)3G was also energized by MgGTP and to a lesser extent MgUTP and was highly sensitive to orthovanadate, with a 50%-inhibitory concentration of 0.9 [mu]M. The Cd complex Cd-([gamma]EC)3G and ([gamma]EC)2G were also transported in a MgATP-dependent, vanadate-sensitive manner. Therefore, this process is a candidate for the transport of both phytochelatins, and Cd as its peptide complex, from the cytoplasm into the vacuole.
Expression of heat shock proteins in Alzheimer's disease (1991)

In an investigation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and cognitively intact control subjects, we found that 2 HSPs, termed "HSP72" and "GRP78," underwent major changes in expression in AD. HSP72, which was present at very low levels in control brains, increased dramatically in AD patients, and was localized exclusively in neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. We hypothesize that HSP72 is induced as an early response to the formation of abnormal proteins, perhaps targeting them for proteolysis. In contrast, GRP78 increased in AD only in neurons that remained cytologically normal, especially in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus and the deep layers of the entorhinal cortex. The increased expression of GRP78 within successfully surviving neurons suggests that this protein may protect such cells from AD-specific damage.
COFDM with orthogonal transmit diversity and power control for broadband wireless communications (2003)

A new approach to space-time-frequency coded OFDM (COFDM) employing turbo product codes (TPC) is proposed. The proposed scheme combines OFDM with orthogonal transmit diversity with power control and turbo codes so that the diversity in frequency, time and space is exploited to provide high quality of transmission for multimedia wireless communications over frequency selective multipath channels with enhanced performance in terms of spectral and power efficiency. The system performance over both flat fading and frequency selective multipath fading channels are investigated and compared with other schemes. The proposed scheme can be considered as a promising technique for high data rate wireless transmission over frequency selective multipath fading channels and for broadband wireless communications.
Calculations and Measurements of the Spatial Piezoelectric Response and of the <i>d</i> <sub>15</sub> Parameter of PZT5A Ceramic (1989)

In the analytical section of this paper the magnitudes of the polarization vectors ( Pi ) of lead zirconate titanate are shown as they vary with the angle of an applied uniaxial stress. This is done by applying a directional cosine matrix to the stress tensor σ jk in Pi = d ijk σ jk . In addition the polarization in the direction of a rotating stress is derived from rotating the d ijk tensor. Two‐dimensional as well as three‐dimensional isometric plots of the results are shown. The experimental section describes the preparation of disks poled uniformly at 90° to their thickness and the use of the Berlincourt d 33 meter to measure d 333 as a function of angle. Very good agreement with the calculated results was obtained. The effect of electrodes on the measurement of d 33 and the use of a d 31 parameter to permit a d 15 determination are also demonstrated. The d 333 measurements provided a d 15 value with a resolution of ± 8%. Its average value was within 5% of d 15 values derived with other techniques.
A Role for the Endocannabinoid System in the Increased Motivation for Cocaine in Extended-Access Conditions (2009)

Extended access to cocaine produces an increase in cocaine self-administration in rats that mimics aspects of compulsive drug intake in human addicts. Although emerging evidence implicates the endogenous cannabinoid system in aspects of opioid and ethanol addiction, a role of the endocannabinoid system in cocaine addiction remains widely inconclusive. Here, we investigate the effects of systemic and intra-accumbal administration of the CB1 antagonist SR141716A (Rimonabant) on cocaine self-administration (0.5 mg/kg/infusion) under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule in rats with extended [long access (LgA); 6 h/d] or limited [short access (ShA); 1 h/d] access to cocaine. LgA rats, but not ShA rats, showed an increase in cocaine intake as previously reported, and responding for cocaine by LgA rats was higher than in ShA rats under a PR schedule. Systemic SR141716A induced a dramatic dose-dependent decrease in the breakpoint for cocaine by LgA rats, whereas only the highest dose of the antagonist had a significant effect in the ShA group. Anandamide levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell were decreased in ShA rats but unchanged in LgA rats during cocaine self-administration. Both phosphorylated and total CB1 receptor protein expression were upregulated in LgA rats in the NAc and the amygdala compared with ShA and drug-naive rats, 24 h after last cocaine session. Finally, intra-NAc infusions of SR141716A reduced cocaine breakpoints selectively in LgA animals. These results suggest that neuroadaptations in the endogenous cannabinoid system may be part of the neuroplasticity associated with the development of cocaine addiction.
95. Some peptides of lysine (1953)

S. G. Waley and J. Watson, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 475 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530000475
Bamboo Shoots: A Novel Source of Nutrition and Medicine (2013)

Bamboos, a group of large woody grasses belonging to the family Poaceae and subfamily Bambusoideae, are much talked about for their contribution to the environment. However, the food potential of Bamboo shoot per se remains unexploited. Literature on the nutritional and medicinal potential of bamboo shoots is scarce. This paper therefore provides insight on bamboo shoot as a food resource. Various edible species and exotic food products (fermented shoots, pickle, etc.) and recipes of bamboo shoots (bamboo beer, bamboo cookies) are consumed worldwide. Change in nutritional composition of different species of bamboo shoots with processing has also been reviewed. Bamboo shoots possess high protein, moderate fiber, and less fat content. They are also endowed for having essential amino acids, selenium, a potent antioxidant, and potassium, a healthy heart mineral. Occurrence of taxiphyllin, a cyanogenic glycoside in raw shoots, and its side effect on human health calls for the demand to innovate processing ways using scientific input to eliminate the toxic compound without disturbing the nutrient reserve. Lastly, the paper also reviews the utilization of medicinal properties acquired by bamboo shoot. Using the traditional knowledge, pharmaceutical preparations of bamboo shoots like bamboo salt, bamboo vinegar, bamboo extracts for diabetes and cholesterol control, etc. are now gaining importance. Further investigation is required by the researchers to make novel nutraceutical products and benefit the society.
Epitope Analysis of Span-1 and DUPAN-2 using Synthesized Glycoconjugates Sialyllact-N-Fucopentaose II and Sialyllact-N-Tetraose (1994)

Epitope analysis of SPan-1 and DUPAN-2 was compared with that of CA19-9 using the synthesized glycoconjugate sialyllacto-N-fucopentaose II (SLF II, sialyl-Lewis(a)) and its precursor, sialyllact-N-tetraose (LSTa, sialyl-Lewis(c)), conjugated to human serum albumin. The CA19-9 and DUPAN-2 assay systems specifically recognized SLF II and LSTa, respectively. The SPan-1 assay system recognized both SLF II and LSTa, although the reactivity with the former was far stronger than that with the latter. These results were, in general, compatible with those obtained from assaying these markers in the sera of two pancreatic cancer patients with definite Lewis-negative phenotype and in the sera of 39 CA19-9-negative pancreatic cancer patients. In conclusion, DUPAN-2 is the precursor of CA19-9 and is accumulated in the sera of pancreatic cancer patients with Lewis-negative phenotype and SPan-1 has an advantage over CA19-9 in the diagnosis of patients with Lewis-negative phenotype, although both markers have almost the same sensitivity for this malignancy.
Intelligence Testing for Autonomous Vehicles: A New Approach (2016)

In this paper, we study how to test the intelligence of an autonomous vehicle. Comprehensive testing is crucial to both vehicle manufactories and customers. Existing testing approaches can be categorized into two kinds: scenario-based testing and functionality-based testing. We first discuss the shortcomings of these two kinds of approaches, and then propose a new testing framework to combine the benefits of them. Based on the new semantic diagram definition for the intelligence of autonomous vehicles, we explain how to design a task for autonomous vehicle testing and how to evaluate test results. Experiments show that this new approach provides a quantitative way to test the intelligence of an autonomous vehicle.
Fast causal multicast (1990)

We begin by outlining a new protocol that efficiently implements a reliable, causally ordered multicast primitive and is easily extended into a totally ordered one. Since measurements show that the dominant cost of this protocol is message transport, the design of a lower level multicast transport protocol is discussed. The overall scheme scales with bounded overhead. Our first conclusion is that systems such as ISIS can achieve performance competitive with the best existing multicast facilities - a finding contradicting the widespread concern that fault-tolerance may be unacceptably costly. Our second conclusion is that the paradigm of multicast transport is extremely useful for constructing fault-tolerant applications. Our final conclusion is that the framework for fault-tolerant programming provided by ISIS is very useful in the design and construction of these extensions to the basic system.
Aircraft self reports for military air surveillance (1999)

Military aircrews are beginning to experience the benefits of having GPS quality navigation information available in the cockpit. Aircraft integrated in accordance with the Navy GPS integration guidance received a two-frequency military receiver with precise positioning service accuracy, a MIL-STD-1553B digital navigation data bus, electronic data transfer capability, and area navigation capability displayed on the flight instruments. There are several upgrades for military GPS being developed but the biggest change will come when the operators start to apply this new level of platform navigation accuracy in their tactical operations. A significant improvement in situational awareness and tactical effectiveness is possible when friendly military aircraft self-report their accurate position and identification.
GB Virus Type C Envelope Protein E2 Elicits Antibodies That React with a Cellular Antigen on HIV-1 Particles and Neutralize Diverse HIV-1 Isolates (2010)

Broadly neutralizing Abs to HIV-1 are well described; however, identification of Ags that elicit these Abs has proven difficult. Persistent infection with GB virus type C (GBV-C) is associated with prolonged survival in HIV-1-infected individuals, and among those without HIV-1 viremia, the presence of Ab to GBV-C glycoprotein E2 is also associated with survival. GBV-C E2 protein inhibits HIV-1 entry, and an antigenic peptide within E2 interferes with gp41-induced membrane perturbations in vitro, suggesting the possibility of structural mimicry between GBV-C E2 protein and HIV-1 particles. Naturally occurring human and experimentally induced GBV-C E2 Abs were examined for their ability to neutralize infectious HIV-1 particles and HIV-1-enveloped pseudovirus particles. All GBV-C E2 Abs neutralized diverse isolates of HIV-1 with the exception of rabbit anti-peptide Abs raised against a synthetic GBV-C E2 peptide. Rabbit anti-GBV-C E2 Abs neutralized HIV-1-pseudotyped retrovirus particles but not HIV-1-pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus particles, and E2 Abs immune-precipitated HIV-1 gag particles containing the vesicular stomatitis virus type G envelope, HIV-1 envelope, GBV-C envelope, or no viral envelope. The Abs did not neutralize or immune-precipitate mumps or yellow fever viruses. Rabbit GBV-C E2 Abs inhibited HIV attachment to cells but did not inhibit entry following attachment. Taken together, these data indicate that the GBV-C E2 protein has a structural motif that elicits Abs that cross-react with a cellular Ag present on retrovirus particles, independent of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. The data provide evidence that a heterologous viral protein can induce HIV-1-neutralizing Abs.
On the precipitation of proteins by polymers: The hemoglobin—polyethylene glycol system (1984)

Abstract The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) of MW 6000 to solutions of oxy‐ and deoxyhemoglobins results in an increase in the thermodynamic activity of these proteins. This in turn results, when PEG concentration is high enough, in phase separation into two phases; a protein‐rich, PEG‐poor phase and a PEG‐rich, protein‐poor phase. With increasing PEG concentration, the protein‐rich amorphous phase becomes metastable and is converted into a well‐defined crystalline or polymer phase. The logarithm of protein solubility is a linear function of PEG content up to a protein concentration of 150 g/L because the expression for the activity coefficient can, up to this concentration range, be approximated by a logarithmic function. Curvature appears at higher protein concentrations. Activities obtained by extrapolation from linear portions of the function, showing an unchanged, well‐defined crystalline state, yield an activity coefficient for the saturated PEG‐free protein solution in agreement with the appropriate values obtained from hard‐sphere calculations of excluded volume [Ross, P. D. & Minton, A. P. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 112 , 437–452]. Solutions containing two hemoglobin species showed cocrystallization of the hemoglobins with a triple point where two crystal forms can be shown to coexist.
Dyslipoproteinemia and Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (2004)

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is common in older age. PAOD is associated with an increased risk of vascular events (eg, myocardial infarction or stroke). Therefore, the prevention and treatment of PAOD is important, especially at a time when the elderly population is increasing. There is an association between lipid abnormalities and the risk of developing PAOD. However, it is not yet definitively established that early intervention with lipid-lowering drugs prevents the development of PAOD. There is evidence that vascular events in patients with PAOD can be significantly reduced by statins and that the symptoms associated with PAOD are improved by this treatment. There is an urgent need for appropriately designed lipid-lowering trials in patients with PAOD.
Parallelism in analog and digital PRML magnetic disk read channel equalizers (1995)

Analog pre-equalization can play an important role in the performance and monolithic implementation of high speed PRML read channels employing detection in the digital domain by reducing the number of quantization levels required in the analog-to-digital converter. The use of the 3-tap raised cosine equalizer as an analog pre-equalizer in a read channel employing digital adaptive equalization is examined. Following this, a parallel filter architecture suitable for implementation of high speed finite-impulse response filters (including the cosine equalizer) in both the analog and digital domain is described. This parallel filter architecture has been used in the analog domain in both a decimation filter and cosine equalizer in a prototype analog-to-digital interface and in the digital domain in a prototype digital adaptive equalizer/Viterbi sequence detector. Both circuits were fabricated in conservative 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technologies and operate with output sampling rates of 100 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Capillary Origami: Spontaneous Wrapping of a Droplet with an Elastic Sheet (2007)

The interaction between elasticity and capillarity is used to produce three-dimensional structures through the wrapping of a liquid droplet by a planar sheet. The final encapsulated 3D shape is controlled by tailoring the initial geometry of the flat membrane. Balancing interfacial energy with elastic bending energy provides a critical length scale below which encapsulation cannot occur, which is verified experimentally. This length is found to depend on the thickness as h3/2, a scaling favorable to miniaturization which suggests a new way of mass production of 3D micro- or nanoscale objects.
Simplified stereoselective synthesis of triterpene 3-O-2-deoxy-α-D-glycosides (1997)

3-O-2-Deoxy-α-D-glycosides of glycyrrhetic acid derivatives are stereoselectively synthesized via electrophilic glycosylation of triterpene alcohols by D-glucal and D-galactal acetates in the presence of anhydrous sulfonic acid cation exchange resins and lithium bromide.
Dynamic establishment of protection paths in WDM networks. Part I (2002)

In wavelength division multiplexed networks (WDM) with 1:1 path protection, a link-disjoint protection (backup) path is also set up at the time of setting up a working (primary) path. Hence, the failure of a single fiber-link does not cause huge data losses. This paper considers on-line routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) of protection paths in such networks. In particular, we study two strategies based on the 1:1 path protection scheme. The static strategy establishes protection paths such that once a route and wavelength have been chosen, they are not allowed to change. On the other hand, the dynamic strategy allows for re-arrangement of protection paths, that is, both the route and wavelength chosen for a protection path can change so as to accommodate a new request. With either strategy, we assume that the working paths cannot be re-arranged. This is to prevent the disruption of on-going traffic. The two strategies are compared on the basis of the number of connection requests that can be satisfied for a given number of wavelengths, assuming that the requests come one at a time, and wavelengths are assigned according to the first-fit policy. One of the results of our study is that, contrary to intuition, the static strategy performs better than the dynamic strategy.