gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of an inverter output active du/dt filtering method (2009)

Frequency converters are used to increase the controllability and efficiency of electric motor drives. Induction motors may experience an insulation failure caused by an overvoltage at the motor terminals. The overvoltage is caused by an impedance mismatch between the motor terminals and the motor cable. Fast pulse rise times compared with the propagation delay in the motor cable will make the terminal voltage exceed the DC link voltage level. Passive filtering techniques for two-level inverters have been developed to cancel out the overvoltage. In this paper, a control method for active du/dt filtering to reduce motor terminal overvoltage is introduced. A filter topology and the basis for setting the filter component values are presented. The size of the passive filter used in this filtering method is smaller than in traditional passive du/dt filters. Functional filtering can be achieved with a smaller filter by controlling the filter output voltage rise time with an accurately timed inverter output voltage. The control of the system is implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to provide precise gate drive signals with high time resolution.
An Ultra Low-Noise Vibration Monitoring System (2007)

This paper reports a piezoelectric accelerometer based vibration monitoring system. The used A1N accelerometers take advantage of a novel sensing structure to improving the charge sensitivity without increasing the sensing area using the approach of stress concentrations. Furthermore, the sensing structure is designed to have low off-axis sensitivity and to be reliable with symmetric balanced bars between sensing beams. Experimental results confirm the significantly improved sensitivity of the accelerometers obtained with the new sensing structures. The tested charge sensitivity is 5.2 pC/g and the measured total noise floor of sensor plus interface electronics is as low as 670 ng/ radicHz. The designed continuous-time sensor readout architecture is based on a CMOS charge amplifier with chopper stabilization to reduce the l/f noise, the dc offset, and the noise folding. The complete front-end readout system has been implemented in a 0.35 mum 4M2P CMOS process, and operates from a supply voltage of plusmn 1.65 V. The entire open-loop readout architecture was designed according to all relevant noise and error sources. The simulated DC gain, gain bandwidth product and phase margin are 90 dB, 15 MHz and 73 deg. respectively. The thermal noise floor is well below 400 ng/ radicHz (4 nV/radicHz) as periodic noise analysis reveal.
The Insomnia Severity Index: Psychometric Indicators to Detect Insomnia Cases and Evaluate Treatment Response (2011)

These findings provide further evidence that the ISI is a reliable and valid instrument to detect cases of insomnia in the population and is sensitive to treatment response in clinical patients.
Experimentelle Ableitung der zulässigen Farbtemperaturschwankungen (1955)

Ehe wir aus den in der Tabelle angeführten Meßergebnissen Schlüsse zogen, hatten wir uns die Frage vorgelegt, welchen Einfluß Schwankungen der Farbtemperatur haben und welche Schwankungen noch zugelassen werden können.
Explaining the LEED Concentration: Effects of Public Policy (2010)

The United States has experienced a rapid growth of the number of cumulative green buildings since 2000. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing the concentration of LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified buildings in the United States. Employing a panel model that accounts for unobserved year and state heterogeneity we hypothesize effects of green building standards at the state level and effects of financial incentives supported by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 on the concentration of LEED certified buildings. In the model, we control for other literature driven factors such as real estate market condition, the party of state governors and local demand that may have effects on the LEED concentration. To measure the LEED concentration we use the Location Quotient function which let us know which states have a greater share of LEED certified buildings compared to a reference which is the top 20 US states which have more cumulative LEED certified buildings.
Atomic-Scale Recognition of Surface Structure and Intercalation Mechanism of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>X (2015)

MXenes represent a large family of functionalized two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbides and carbonitrides. However, most of the understanding on their unique structures and applications stops at the theoretical suggestion and lack of experimental support. Herein, the surface structure and intercalation chemistry of Ti3C2X are clarified at the atomic scale by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The STEM studies show that the functional groups (e.g., OH(-), F(-), O(-)) and the intercalated sodium (Na) ions prefer to stay on the top sites of the centro-Ti atoms and the C atoms of the Ti3C2 monolayer, respectively. Double Na-atomic layers are found within the Ti3C2X interlayer upon extensive Na intercalation via two-phase transition and solid-solution reactions. In addition, aluminum (Al)-ion intercalation leads to horizontal sliding of the Ti3C2X monolayer. On the basis of these observations, the previous monolayer surface model of Ti3C2X is modified. DFT calculations using the new modeling help to understand more about their physical and chemical properties. These findings enrich the understanding of the MXenes and shed light on future material design and applications. Moreover, the Ti3C2X exhibits prominent rate performance and long-term cycling stability as an anode material for Na-ion batteries.
Carotenoid cation radicals: electrochemical, optical, and EPR study (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarotenoid cation radicals: electrochemical, optical, and EPR studyJanice L. Grant, Vincent J. Kramer, Ruisong. Ding, and Lowell D. KispertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7, 2151–2157Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00215a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00215a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
All-single-mode fiber-optic gyroscope (1981)

We present an optical fiber gyroscope that, for the first time, is composed completely of single-mode fiber-optic components. This system has increased simplicity and stability over previous bulk-optic designs and has the potential for very high rotation sensitivity.
Probing the Folded State of Fibronectin Type III Domains in Stretched Fibrils by Measuring Buried Cysteine Accessibility (2011)

Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is assembled into fibrils by cells during tissue morphogenesis and wound healing. FN matrix fibrils are highly elastic, but the mechanism of elasticity has been debated: it may be achieved by mechanical unfolding of FN-III domains or by a conformational change of the molecule without domain unfolding. Here, we investigate the folded state of FN-III domains in FN fibrils by measuring the accessibility of buried cysteines. Four of the 15 FN-III domains (III-2, -3, -9, and -11) appear to unfold in both stretched fibrils and in solution, suggesting that these domains spontaneously open and close even in the absence of tension. Two FN-III domains (III-6 and -12) appear to unfold only in fibrils and not in solution. These results suggest that domain unfolding can at best contribute partially to the 4-fold extensibility of fibronectin fibrils.
Use of semiconductor lasers in geodesic interference measurements of distances (1979)

A study was made of the use of semiconductor lasers in geodesic interference measurements of distances. Prototype experiments were carried out using a pulsed semiconductor laser operating at room temperature. The interferometer arms were equalized by determining the contrast maximum of the interference pattern on gradual reduction of the coherence length of the laser light source. The results indicated that it should be possible to simplify considerably the method and increase the precision of measurements of distances compared with the procedures employed at present.
Dry seal applications in centrifugal compressors (1989)

Most centrifugal compressors in refineries and petrochemical plants use shaft end seals which are either controlled leakage labyrinths (nontoxic/nonhazardous fluids only) or some type of fluid film seals using a liquid, primarily oil, as a barrier fluid. This article discusses the emerging technology of so-called dry seals. These seals use gas as the sealing fluid medium, and control the leakage to very low levels by limiting clearances between the rotating and stationary faces. Dry gas seal technology has progressed to where it can be applied to most centrifugal process compressors. The benefits and application considerations are presented.
Synthetic hydrophobic peptides are substrates for P-glycoprotein and stimulate drug transport (1996)

P-Glycoprotein functions as an ATP-driven active efflux pump for many natural products and chemotherapeutic drugs. Hydrophobic peptides have been shown to block drug uptake by P-glycoprotein, indicating that they might be transport substrates. The present study examines the interaction of the synthetic peptide series NAc-LnY-amide with the multidrug transporter. Several peptides in this series caused up to 3.5-fold enhancement of colchicine accumulation in membrane vesicles from multidrug resistant (MDR) cells, which suggests the existence of novel interactions between the binding sites for peptides and drug. Peptides did not stimulate vinblastine transport, which was inhibited as expected for competing substrates. These peptides displayed modest stimulatory effects on the ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein. None blocked azidopine photoaffinity labelling, showing that they probably occupy a binding site separate from that for the drug. Studies with 125I-labelled NAc-LLY-amide showed that it was transported by P-glycoprotein in both membrane vesicles and reconstituted proteoliposomes. Uptake of the peptide was rapid, saturable, osmotically sensitive and occurred against a concentration gradient. The enhancing effect of NAc-LLY-amide on colchicine transport was reciprocated, i.e. colchicine greatly increased the transport of labelled peptide by P-glycoprotein. Peptide transport was also modulated, both positively and negatively, by other MDR spectrum drugs. It is concluded that linear hydrophobic peptides are indeed transported by P-glycoprotein, and some have interactions with drug substrates that result in mutual stimulation of transport.
Size effects in the excited electronic states of small colloidal CdS crystallites (1984)

This paper reports experimental studies of the development of bulk optical properties as a function of crystallite size for the inorganic direct gap semiconductor CdS. Small crystallites are synthesized via colloidal chemical techniques, and their optical properties are studied in situ at extreme dilution. The crystallites are characterized via high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Direct images show (111) lattice planes, and establish the crystallite structures as close to those of excised fragments of bulk CdS (zinc-blende cubic). Large crystallites (&gt; 100 Å average diameter) show an optical absorption, in colloidal solution, close to that of bulk crystalline material. However, small crystallites of 30 Å average diameter show a large blue shift (∼0.8 eV) in absorption edge (effective band gap), and an intensification of edge absorption relative to absorption at higher energy regions. These observations can be understood as quantum size effects resulting from confinement of an electron and hole in a small volume. 40 Å average size crystallites show a smaller shift (∼0.25 eV), and corresponding changes in their fluorescence, and resonance Raman excitation, spectra.
Oestrous behaviour in a herd of dairy cows (1976)

A group of 60 housed Friesian cows were observed continuously for a period of 25 days, during which time all cows were recorded for incidence of mounting activity and 18 selected cows were recorded for various aspects of maintenance activity. All 60 cows were judged as showing oestrus. Average duration of oestrus (+/-SD) in 33 cows was 14-9 +/- 4-7 hours, and the cows were mounted 56-3 +/- 34-8 times. The greatest mounting activity was associated with the night hours. There was no diurnal pattern of onset of oestrus. The majority of mounting activity (79 per cent) occurred in the cubicle area of the building. Comparison of maintenance activities showed that oestrous cows spent, on average, less time standing in a cubicle (P less than 0-01), lying in a cubicle (P less than 0-001) and more time standing elsewhere (P less than 0-001) than non-oestrous cows. The results are discussed in relation to oestrus detection.
An alternative approach to the measurement of seasonal trends in bird breeding success: a case study of the bullfinch <i>Pyrrhula pyrrhula</i> (1999)

1. On the basis of juvenile:adult ratios among netted birds and studies of moult, inferences are drawn about seasonal and annual variation in the breeding output of a bullfinch population studied near Oxford, in southern England. 2. In most years during 1962–66, the juvenile:adult ratio among netted birds increased from July or August to October, and then declined. The ratio in October, taken as a measure of annual productivity, varied between 2·8 and 5·5 in different years. 3. In the Oxford area, egg‐laying among bullfinches occurred between mid‐April and late August, so that the last young of the year left the nest in late September/early October. However, not all pairs continued breeding this late in the year. Individual bullfinches started to moult when they finished breeding. The proportion of adults which started moult after 20 August (implying successful breeding from eggs laid after mid‐July) varied between 7 and 68% in different years (or between 19 and 63% using a different method of estimation). Juveniles from these late nests, identified as those starting moult after 31 August, formed 24–61% of the total juvenile population in different years, the rest having been produced from clutches begun before mid‐July. 4. In the 2 years when the greatest proportions of adults started to moult after 20 August and the greatest proportion of juveniles started after 31 August, the juvenile:adult ratios in October were highest. By implication, the two‐fold variations in overall productivity between years were associated primarily with variations in the amount of late breeding. 5. This study, based on moults and age‐ratios among netted birds, provided information on seasonal productivity that was practically impossible to obtain in this species by conventional nest finding. An implication was that an interaction between the seasonal pattern of breeding in particular years and a seasonal trend in predation on nest contents, had major effects on overall annual productivity.
End-to-end register data-flow continuous self-test (2009)

While Moore's Law predicts the ability of semi-conductor industry to engineer smaller and more efficient transistors and circuits, there are serious issues not contemplated in that law. One concern is the verification effort of modern computing systems, which has grown to dominate the cost of system design. On the other hand, technology scaling leads to burn-in phase out. As a result, in-the-field error rate may increase due to both actual errors and latent defects. Whereas data can be protected with arithmetic codes (like parity or ECC), there is a lack of cost-effective mechanisms for control logic.
Abstract TP114: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Panobinostat and Entinostat for Motor Recovery After Ischemic Stroke in Mice (2020)

In this study, we investigated the potential of two histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, panobinostat and entinostat, to enhance recovery of motor function after ischemic stroke in CD-1 male mice. Panobinostat, which is a pan-HDAC inhibitor, is an FDA-approved drug for certain cancers, whereas entinostat is a class-I HDAC inhibitor and is widely expected to get approval for clinical use in near future. Stroke was induced by photothrombosis and the drugs were administered intraperitoneally every other day (panobinostat at 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg; entinostat at 5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg) starting from day 5 to day 15 after stroke. The control group received only vehicle following the same regimen. In addition, all drug or vehicle-treated mice exercised for 2 hours (voluntary wheel running) starting from day 9 to day 41 after stroke. Additional control groups included sham-operated animals, and mice which had stroke but were not drug/vehicle-treated or allowed to run. Motor function of the mice was evaluated by blinded investigators using gridwalk and cylinder tests before and after stroke. Acetylation of histone 3 in the peri-infarct region of the brain samples was measured by immunoblotting. Our results indicate that lower dose of both panobinostat and entinostat marginally improved motor function in mice by day 42 after stroke, although it did not reach statistical significance. Notably, this improvement trend was lost with the higher dose of both drugs which also showed some toxicity. No statistical difference was observed in running distance of mice among experimental groups. Likewise, we did not observe statistically significant difference in stroke volumes among the experimental groups. Immunoblotting experiments indicated that both panobinostat and entinostat dose-dependently increased the level of acetylated histone in the cortical, peri-infarct region of drug-treated animals compared to the non-treated groups. In summary, our results indicate that both panobinostat and entinostat do not facilitate improvement of motor function after stroke at the tested doses. However, it is likely that lower doses of these drugs may enhance recovery of motor function after stroke.
Interleaved hybrid control concept for multiphase DC-DC converters (2017)

DC-DC converters with high dynamic performance and low current ripple, able to drive highly fluctuating loads are nowadays required in a range of applications (e.g. accelerators, plasma research, fusion reactors). In order to fulfill the requirements of these applications, advanced current control concepts have to be employed to harness the full potential of the designed topology. In this paper, an interleaved hybrid current control concept is introduced for multiphase DC-DC converters. The controller combines the time optimal transient behavior of the hysteretic control with the constant switching frequency of the PI control along with a phase-shifting controller. This combination results in a highly dynamic performance during transients, excellent disturbance rejection capability during load disturbances, and minimum ripple during steady state without increasing excessively the complexity of the controller. The interactions between the hysteretic controller, the PI controller and the phase-shifting controller are described and the ability of the control scheme to fully utilize the converter's capabilities is validated through detailed simulations.
A Tuned Bicyclic Proazaphosphatrane for Catalytically Enhanced <i>N</i>‐Arylation Reactions with Aryl Chlorides (2015)

Abstract The N ‐arylation of various amines with aryl chlorides proceeded in good‐to‐excellent yields in the presence of P[N{( p ‐NMe 2 )C 6 H 4 CH 2 }CH 2 CH 2 ] 3 N ( 1e , a new electron‐rich proazaphosphatrane ligand) and small amounts of Pd 2 (dba) 3 (dba = dibenzylideneacetone). This catalytic system was also very effective for the synthesis of carbazoles.
Jellyfish inspired underwater unmanned vehicle (2009)

An unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) was designed inspired by the form and
functionality of a Jellyfish. These natural organisms were chosen as bio-inspiration for a
multitude of reasons including: efficiency of locomotion, lack of natural predators, proper form
and shape to incorporate payload, and varying range of sizes. The structure consists of a hub
body surrounded by bell segments and microcontroller based drive system. The locomotion of
UUV was achieved by shape memory alloy Biometal Fiber actuation which possesses large
strain and blocking force with adequate response time. The main criterion in design of UUV was
the use of low-profile shape memory alloy actuators which act as artificial muscles. In this
manuscript, we discuss the design of two Jellyfish prototypes and present experimental results
illustrating the performance and power consumption.
Duration and characteristics of treatment of premature lambs with natural surfactant. (1981)

Premature lambs were treated with 50 mg/kg of natural surfactant lipid by tracheal instillation either at birth or shortly thereafter when respiratory failure was documented. All lambs were delivered by cesarean section and supported on infant ventilators with 100% oxygen under conditions to mimic the care of human infants with the respiratory distress syndrome. The natural surfactant used for therapy was recovered by lavage from sheep lung. Six 120-d gestational age lambs treated at birth had an initial mean oxygen pressure (pO2) value of 270 +/- 35 mm Hg; this fell within 3 h to less than 100 mm Hg. By 8.3 +/- 0.3 h after birth the lambs were in severe respiratory failure with a mean pH less than 7.1 and a mean pCO2 greater than 70 mm Hg. Six untreated lambs had pH values below 7.0 within 40 min of life despite more intensive respiratory support than was given the treated animals. Treatment with natural surfactant of 17 lambs of 120 and 130 d gestational age after early respiratory failure resulted in a prompt increase in pO2 values from about 35 mm Hg to values over 200 mm Hg and a fall in pCO2 values to normal levels in the majority of animals. This response lasted only approximately 3 h, and a second treatment was less predictably effective.
A depth estimation algorithm with a single image (2007)

This paper explains the use of a sharpening filter to calculate the depth of an object from a blurred image of it. It presents a technique which is independent of edge orientation. The technique is based on the assumption that a defocused image of an object is the convolution of a sharp image of the same object with a two-dimensional Gaussian function whose spread parameter (SP) is related to the object depth. A sharp image of an object is obtained from a defocused image of the same object by applying sharpening filters. The defocused and sharp images of the object are used to calculate the SP which is then related to the object depth. The paper gives experimental results which show the feasibility of employing sharpening filters for depth computation.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis (2006)

The results of our study suggest that high circulating levels of vitamin D are associated with a lower risk of multiple sclerosis.