gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CONTROLLED NON-HEART-BEATING DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (2000)

NHBDs significantly and safely expanded our donor pool. NHBD surgeons must be capable of rapid procurement. Cautious liberalization of criteria for accepting livers from NHBDs with confounding risk factors is justified. Refined ethics guidelines would broaden approval of NHBDs.
Electrochemical and Optical Characterization of Triarylamine Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles (2011)

This paper describes the synthesis, structural analysis, and investigations of the optical and electrochemical properties of some gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) which consist of a triarylamine ligand shell attached to small gold cores (Au-Tara). The triarylamine chromophores were attached to small 4-bromobenzenethiol covered gold nanoparticles (ca. 2 nm in diameter) by Sonogashira reaction. This procedure yields triarylamine redox centers attached via π-conjugated bridging units of different length to the gold core. The AuNPs were analyzed with (1)H NMR spectroscopy, diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique was used to determine the composition of the redox active particles via the Randles-Sevcik equation. The optical and electrochemical properties of the Au-Tara nanoparticles and of their corresponding unbound ligands (Ref) were investigated with UV/vis/NIR absorption spectroscopy, Osteryoung square wave voltammetry (OSWV), and spectroelectrochemistry (SEC). These data show that the assembling of triarylamines in the vicinity of a gold nanoparticle can change the optical and electrochemical properties of the triarylamine redox chromophores depending on the kind and length of the bridging unit. This is due to gold core-chromophore and chromophore-chromophore interactions.
Strain engineering of the silicon-vacancy center in diamond (2018)

Here, the authors tune the color of light emitted by single-atom imperfections (silicon vacancy color centers) inside a diamond. Such tunable imperfections can be networked together to build a quantum internet, where information can be securely exchanged using the laws of quantum physics. One problem is that all the centers need to emit at precisely the same color or wavelength. The authors overcome this challenge by placing color centers inside a diamond nanostring. By adjusting the tension in the string, atoms are stretched inside the crystal and tune the center to emit photons of a desired wavelength. The tuning method involves bending the string with a force controlled handily with an electrical voltage. A symphony of such tunable diamond strings could serve as the backbone of a future quantum internet.
Wideband frequency noise reduction and FM equalization in AlGaAs lasers using electrical feedback (1991)

With the use of an optical frequency discriminator and negative electrical feedback, wide-bandwidth frequency noise suppression with simultaneous FM equalization of a semiconductor laser is achieved. With a heterodyne optical phase-lock loop the intermediate-frequency linewidth of two lasers, each using negative electrical feedback, was reduced from more than 25 MHz to less than 0.01 Hz.
Air-hole collapse and mode transitions in microstructured fiber photonic wires (2005)

We demonstrate robust, low bend loss photonic wires made from air-clad microstructured "grapefruit" fiber. By tapering the fiber and collapsing the air-holes, the guided mode evolves from being fully embedded within the fiber to a spatially-localized evanescent regime a few millimeters in length, where the mode is strongly influenced by the external environment. We show that in the embedded regime there is negligible loss when the taper is immersed in index-matching fluid, while in the evanescent regime the attenuation increases by over 35 dB. Furthermore, we show that an 11 microm wire in the embedded regime can be bent to a radius as small as 95 microm with bend-loss of 0.03 dB in a 500 nm band. The combination of spatial localization, strong dependence on the external environment andsmall bend radius make the device ideally suited for bio-photonic sensing.
Generelle Verkürzung der Wochenarbeitszeit verdrängt ungelernte Arbeitnehmer (1999)

Bei einer Verkürzung der tariflichen Wochenarbeitszeit sind strukturelle Effekte zu erwarten, die sich unter anderem in der Arbeitsnachfrage nach spezifischen Qualifikationen zeigen. Eine generelle Verkürzung der tariflichen Wochenarbeitszeit löst Anpassungen der Arbeitsnachfrage aus, die vor allem zu Lasten ungelernter Arbeit gehen. Damit ergeben sich Be-schäftigungsverluste im Bereich unterer Qualifikationen.
On the Use of Neuro-2a Neuroblastoma Cells Versus Intact Neurons in Primary Culture for Neurotoxicity Studies (2005)

Neuroblastoma cell lines have been used extensively to screen novel compounds for neurotoxic properties and associated mechanisms. Such transformed cell lines often display morphological, developmental, and signaling characteristics that are substantially different from the parental cell type. Consequently, the response of neuroblastoma cells to toxin exposure may differ from that of neurons. An appreciation of the pharmacological and functional differences between neurons and neuron-like cell lines is therefore essential when interpreting data derived from neuroblastoma-based assays. We have compared the effects of several neurotoxins on Ca2+ homeostasis and cell viability in cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) and a neuroblastoma cell line (Neuro-2a). To explore the mechanisms underlying differential sensitivity of intact neurons and neuroblastoma cells to neurotoxins, we also compared CGN and Neuro-2a cells for expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). Cytotoxic potency in neurons was several orders of magnitude greater for Caribbean-ciguatoxin-1 (C-CTX-1) than either domoate (Dom) or brevetoxin-2 (PbTx-2). In addition, the cytotoxic potency of C-CTX-1 was two orders of magnitude greater in CGN than in Neuro-2a cells. The effect of C-CTX-1 and Dom on calcium homeostasis was compared in fluo-3 loaded neurons. Dom caused an elevation in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) at concentrations that paralleled the concentration/response relationship for cytotoxicity in CGN. Conversely, C-CTX-1 did not elevate [Ca2+]i within the dynamic concentration range for cell death. The discordance of the concentration/response relationships for C-CTX-1 induced cytotoxicity and [Ca2+]i elevation suggests that acute C-CTX-1 cytotoxicity may involve mechanisms other than Ca2+ load. C-CTX-1-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i in neurons was dependent on activation of NMDAR and the reverse mode of operation of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. These data demonstrate that, although C-CTX-1, domoate, and PbTx-2 share the ability to produce neurotoxicity and mobilize calcium, their respective molecular targets and mechanisms of neurotoxicity differ. Neuro-2a cells that were not pretreated with veratridine and ouabain were insensitive to C-CTX-1 and glutamatergic agonists. VGSC expression was 20-fold lower in Neuro-2a cells than in CGN, whereas NMDARs were not expressed in these neuroblastoma cells. It is therefore likely that the enhanced sensitivity of CGN, relative to Neuro-2a cells, to neurotoxins is a consequence of pronounced differences in VGSC and NMDAR expression. These results underscore the need to exercise caution in interpreting negative cytotoxicity data derived from the use of neuroblastoma cell lines.
Halogenated Materials as Organic Semiconductors (2010)

Organic semiconductors have great potential as the active material in low-cost, large area plastic electronics, whether as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), field-effect transistors (FETs) or solar cells. Organic semiconducting materials retain the processability associated with polymers while maintaining good optoelectronic properties, for example, high absorption coefficients for photons in the visible, and field-effect mobilities comparable with that of amorphous silicon. The elucidation of important structure−property relationships is vital for the design of functional, high-performance organic semiconductors. In this short review, we summarize such relationships stemming from the halogenation of organic semiconductors. While it has been known in the past decade that fluorination lowers the energy levels in carbon based systems, induces stability and electron transport, less is known about the effect of the other halogens. Chlorination has recently been shown to be a viable route to n-type materials. The bandgap of conjugated compounds can also be decreased slightly by the addition of Cl, Br, and I to the aromatic core. The effect of the halogenated moieties on the packing of molecules is discussed.
Large-Scale Profiling of the Arabidopsis Transcriptome (2000)

DNA microarray is a powerful technology for parallel analysis of gene expression ([Brown and Bostein, 1999][1]). Since microarray technology emerged 5 years ago ([Schena et al., 1995][2]), the number of genes that can be monitored by this technology has increased from several hundreds ([Yuan et al
Two new species of Brueelia Kéler, 1936 (Ischnocera, Philopteridae) parasitic on Neotropical trogons (Aves, Trogoniformes) (2011)

Two new species of Brueelia are described and illustrated. These new species and their type hosts are: Brueelia sueta ex Pharomachrus pavoninus (Spix, 1824), the Pavonine Quetzal and Brueelia cicchinoi ex Trogon viridis Linnaeus, the White-tailed Trogon. Both new species differ from the only Brueelia described on Trogon mexicanus by many morphological features, including those present in the male genitalia and female vulvar margin. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene for these two new species differ from one another by 13.6% uncorrected p-distance. Whereas Brueelia cicchinoi is only 0.3% divergent from previously published COI sequences identified as Brueelia sp. from the Mexican Trogon melanocephalus Gould, 1936 and Trogon massena Gould, 1938. We also found Brueelia cicchinoi on Trogon melanurus, Trogon collaris and Pharomachrus pavoninus. Thus Brueelia cicchinoi is found on multiple trogoniform hosts across an extremely large geographic distribution and has one of the largest number of host associations among Brueelia species.
Fundamentals of Soil Behavior (2025)

Authoritative and generously illustrated resource covering the many properties of soil and its behavior needed for addressing geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering projects and problems. The Fourth Edition of Fundamentals of Soil Behavior has been thoroughly updated to provide the latest information on the physical properties of soil and the fundamentals of its behavior, with hundreds of tables and graphs illustrating correlations among composition, classification, state, and static and dynamic properties. Overall, each topic is addressed in a micro-to-macro sequence, considering behaviors at the atomic and/or particle scales to develop understanding of soil properties and behaviors at the macro-scale, which is relevant to engineering practice. This Fourth Edition includes two new chapters on special features of soil behavior and temperature-dependent soil behavior. Other chapters have been substantially updated to include the latest developments in imaging technology, and analysis numerical simulations that have advanced research on the complexities of soil behavior, and recent experimental data. The content has been reviewed, consolidated, and reorganized to more effectively comunicate key information. The text features end-of-chapter questions and problems to aid in seamless reader comprehension and information retention. Updated by true thought leaders in the field, the Fourth Edition of Fundamentals of Soil Behavior includes detailed information on: Soil formation, covering the earth’s crust, the geologic cycle, rock and mineral stability, weathering, and origin of clay minerals and genesis. Soil mineralogy, covering atomic structure, interatomic bonding, secondary bonds, crystal notation, and clay mineral characteristics. Fundamental engineering characterization of soil, covering granular soils and clay minerals. Observing and quantifying soil fabric, covering qualitative and quantitative assessment of soil fabric. Transport of heat, fluid, and electrical current. The fundamentals of volume change, deformation, and strength properties of soils. The impact of time and temperature changes on soil behavior. Providing an understanding of soil behavior, a fundamental requisite to a wide variety of engineering applications including foundation design and construction, earthwork construction, and geotechnical engineering, Fundamentals of Soil Behavior is an essential learning resource for geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineers, geologists, geophysicists, and students studying geotechnical engineering and granular materials.
Disturbance of HL-A Antigen Frequency in Psoriasis (1972)

One hundred and fifty-six psoriatic patients had three HL-A specificities significantly altered from expected values; W17 and HL-A13 were found to be markedly increased, and HL-A12 decreased. The increased frequency of W17 and HL-A13 suggests that persons with these tissue types are at increased risk of the disease. Conversely, those with HL-A12 are at decreased risk. W17 is a useful genetic marker for detecting a subgroup of psoriatic patients characterized by a high rate of affected relatives and a slightly earlier age at onset, whereas HL-A12 appears to detect a subgroup with an infrequent family history of this disease. Psoriasis associated with W17 or HL-A12 appears to have a distinctive mode of inheritance, whereas psoriasis associated with HL-A13 could not be shown to be inherited. No significant association with arthritis, severity, distribution of lesions, sex, and red-cell type was noted.
Reconfigurable hardware systems (2002)

In this paper we'll make a short review, of the evolution of reconfigurable devices and their role inside reconfigurable systems, that we'll use to introduce an new emerging field: reconfigurable computing. We'll give the clues to understand its possibilities, as well as the applications that better suit to this techniques and systems in the midway between pure hardware and software solutions.
Data warehouse processing and query by mail (1996)

Much effort in I/S is currently going into creating "Data Warehouses." These are stores of data periodically extracted from older legacy applications, converted to common standards and made accessible for user analysis. The warehouse acts as a WORM (Write Once, Read Many times) storage. Where the extract and transfer is performed nightly, they provide access to what is termed "Near Operational" data and can be used to replace much of the existing reporting. In other cases they are used to store mostly historical data for analysis of trends, market impact, financial status and do on. While often implemented with a variety of different clean up tools, languages, data base products and query tools, this article describes an implementation done almost entirely with APL. It includes a query capability termed "Query by Mail" which enables anyone with access to E-Mail to send queries to the Warehouse and receive responses or extracts of data by return mail. The "query" includes customized analysis of field content to allow identification of fields and records containing invalid data. Built upon a proprietary inverted file system, it provides rapid response to user queries and little load on the server system.
Evidence for glycine as an inhibitory neurotransmitter of vestibular, reticular, and prepositus hypoglossi neurons that project to the cat abducens nucleus (1989)

The localization and distribution of brain-stem afferent neurons to the cat abducens nucleus has been examined by high-affinity uptake and retrograde transport of 3H-glycine. Injections of 3H-glycine selectively labeled (by autoradiography) only neurons located predominantly in the ipsilateral medial vestibular and contralateral prepositus hypoglossi nuclei, and in the contralateral dorsomedial reticular formation, the latter corresponding to the location of inhibitory burst neurons. The specificity of uptake and retrograde transport of 3H-glycine was indicated by the absence of labeling of the dorsomedial medullary reticular neurons ipsilateral and in close proximity to the injection site, where local uptake by diffusion could have occurred. The selectivity of uptake and transport was demonstrated by the absence of retrograde labeling following injections of 3H-GABA or 3H-leucine into the abducens nucleus. The immunohistochemical localization of glycine and GABA revealed a differential distribution of the 2 inhibitory neurotransmitter candidates in the extraocular motor nuclei. Glycine-immunoreactive staining of synaptic endings in the abducens nucleus was dense with a widespread soma-dendritic distribution but was sparse in the trochlear and oculomotor nuclei. By contrast, GABA-immunoreactive staining within the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei was associated with synaptic endings that were particularly prominent on the somata of motoneurons. GABA-immunoreactive staining in the abducens nucleus, however, was sparse. These differences between glycine- and GABA-immunoreactive staining in the extraocular motor nuclei were correlated with differences in the immunoreactivity of axons in the descending (glycine) and ascending (GABA) limbs of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Glycine-immunoreactive neurons, furthermore, were observed in the same locations as neurons that were labeled autoradiographically by retrograde transport of 3H-glycine from the abducens nucleus. Electrophysiological recordings from abducens motoneurons and internuclear neurons revealed a marked reduction in the slow positivity of the orthodromic extracellular potential elicited by ipsilateral vestibular nerve stimulation following systemic administration of strychnine, an antagonist of glycine. Intracellular recordings demonstrated that the vestibular-evoked disynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in abducens neurons were effectively blocked by strychnine but were unaffected by picrotoxin, an antagonist of GABA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ensemble inference in geophysical inverse problems (1993)

Non-invasive studies of the shallow Earth are an essential element in a broad range of earth science disciplines. Such studies are usually accomplished using geophysical techniques, which means that a geophysical inverse problem must be solved. Unfortunately, non-uniqueness is a basic property of almost all solutions to geophysical inverse problems. In this paper we describe a method of dealing with this non-uniqueness which we believe is more direct, more complete, and more informative than previous attempts in this area. Instead of using regularization methods to constrain the non-uniqueness of geophysical inverse problems, we confront directly the non-uniqueness and attempt to describe it. The basic technique is to generate and describe a collection of models that fit the data within acceptable limits based upon observational errors. This collection of models, called an ensemble, is analysed with statistical methods in order to characterize the uncertainty in the solution and also make inferences about properties that are shared by all acceptable models. A by-product of this approach is that it produces basic information about the degree of linearity contained in the problem and maps trade-offs between various parameters. The method proposed is quite general and should be applicable to a broad range of geophysical inverse problems. We illustrate the basic method by applying it to two typical geophysical problems. The first application is to a set of cross-borehole traveltime observations gathered in Kesterson, California. The small deviations of the observed traveltime residuals from those predicted by a uniform half-space indicates that the velocity contrasts are not large. The set of acceptable models appears to form a non-degenerate hyperellipsoid in the model space. The mean of the velocity models converges quite rapidly to a smoothed version of a linearized singular-value decomposition solution. The velocity variations agree very well with the results of a hydrological tracer test conducted prior to the seismic experiment. The second application is to the problem of simultaneously estimating the shape and density of a constant density body using surface gravity measurements. In this case a linear analysis is found to be inadequate. A quadratic formulation is necessary to accurately represent the trade-off between the magnitude of the density perturbation and the depth extent of the body.
Genetic Variation in Hemp and Marijuana (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) According to Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms<sup>*</sup> (2006)

Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) is one of the earliest known cultivated plants and is important in the global economy today as a licit and an illicit crop. Molecular markers distinguishing licit and illicit cultivars have forensic utility, but no direct comparison of hemp and marijuana amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) has been made to date. Genetic variation was surveyed in three populations of fiber hemp and a potent cultivar of marijuana using AFLP markers. Ten primer pairs yielded 1206 bands, of which 88% were polymorphic. Eighteen bands represented fixed differences between all fiber populations and the drug cultivar. These markers have practical utility for (1) establishing conspiracy in the cultivation and distribution of marijuana, (2) identifying geographic sources of seized drugs, and (3) discriminating illegal, potent marijuana cultivars from hemp where the cultivation of industrial hemp is permitted.
Changes in growth and pigment concentrations with leaf age in pea under modulated UV‐B radiation field treatments (1996)

ABSTRACT We assessed whether growth of garden pea ( Pisum sativum mutant Argenteum ) was reduced under ecologically relevant enhancements of ultraviolet‐B radiation (UV‐B, 280–320 nm) by employing modulated field lampbanks which simulated 0, 16 or 24% ozone depiction. In addition, we determined whether enhanced UV‐B altered the concentration and distribution of chlorophyll and UV‐B‐absorbing compounds in leaves, and whether this was dependent on leaf age. There were no significant UV‐B effects on the four whole‐plant parameters we examined (height, above‐ground biomass, total leaflet area or average leaflet area). Of the 12 leaf‐level parameters we examined, UV‐B had a significant effect ( P < 0.05) on only one parameter: the ratio of UV‐B‐absorbing compounds to chlorophyll, which was greatest at the highest UV‐B level. Total chlorophyll concentrations tended to be lower under enhanced UV‐B ( P = 0.11), while the proportion of UV‐B‐absorbing compounds in the adaxial epidermis tended to be higher ( P = 0.11). Total leaf concentrations of UV‐B‐absorbing compounds were unaffected by UV‐B level. Cooler, suboptimal growing conditions during this late summer/early autumn experiment may have masked some potential UV‐B effects. In contrast to the UV‐B effects, we found strong leaf‐age effects on nearly all parameters that we assessed. On an area basis, concentrations of total chlorophyll and UV‐B‐absorbing compounds increased with leaf age, while Chlorophyll a/b) ratios decreased. One of the few parameters unaffected by leaf age was the ratio of UV‐B‐absorbing compounds to total chlorophyll, which remained constant within a given UV‐B treatment. Pea was much less sensitive to enhanced UV‐B than in previous growth‐chamber and greenhouse studies, and in nearly all cases UV‐B treatment effects were overshadowed by leaf‐age effects. In view of the large effect leaf age had on concentrations of UV‐B‐absorbing compounds, as well as their distribution within leaves, researchers may need to consider leaf age in UV‐B experimental designs.