gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tremor: Clinical Phenomenology and Assessment Techniques (2012)

Background: Tremors are among the most common movement disorders. As there can be considerable variability in the manner in which clinicians assess tremor, objective quantitative tools such as electromyography, accelerometry, and computerized, spiral analysis can be very useful in establishing a clinical diagnosis and in research settings. Methods: In this review, we discuss the various methods of quantitative tremor analysis and the classification and pathogenesis of tremor. The most common pathologic tremors and an approach to the diagnosis of tremor etiology are described. Conclusions: Pathologic tremors are common, and the diagnosis of underlying etiology is not always straightforward. Computerized quantitative tremor analysis is a valuable adjunct to careful clinical evaluation in distinguishing tremulous diseases from physiologic tremors, and can also help shed light on their pathogenesis.
<sup/> Understanding the Spatiotemporal Degradation Behavior of Aggrecanase-Sensitive Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels for Use in Cartilage Tissue Engineering (2017)

Enzyme-sensitive hydrogels are promising cell delivery vehicles for cartilage tissue engineering. However, a better understanding of their spatiotemporal degradation behavior and its impact on tissue growth is needed. The goal of this study was to combine experimental and computational approaches to provide new insights into spatiotemporal changes in hydrogel crosslink density and extracellular matrix (ECM) growth and how these changes influence the evolving macroscopic properties as a function of time. Hydrogels were designed from aggrecanase-sensitive peptide crosslinks using a simple and robust thiol-norbornene photoclick reaction. To study the influence of variations in cellular activity of different donors, chondrocytes were isolated from either juvenile or adult bovine donors. Initial studies were performed to validate and calibrate the model against experiments. Through this process, two key features were identified. These included spatial variations in the hydrogel crosslink density in the immediate vicinity of the cell and the presence of cell clustering within the construct. When these spatial heterogeneities were incorporated into the computational model along with model inputs of initial hydrogel properties and cellular activity (i.e., enzyme and ECM production rates), the model was able to capture the spatial and temporal evolution of ECM growth that was observed experimentally for both donors. In this study, the juvenile chondrocytes produced an interconnected matrix within the cell clusters leading to overall improved ECM growth, while the adult chondrocytes resulted in poor ECM growth. Overall, the computational model was able to capture the spatiotemporal ECM growth of two different donors and provided new insights into the importance of spatial heterogeneities in facilitating ECM growth. Our long-term goal is to use this model to predict optimal hydrogel designs for a wide range of donors and improve cartilage tissue engineering.
Chronic mucus hypersecretion in COPD and death from pulmonary infection (1995)

The association of chronic mucus hypersecretion and mortality is a matter of debate. We wished to determine whether the relationship between chronic mucus hypersecretion and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related mortality could be explained by proneness to pulmonary infection. We followed 14,223 subjects of both sexes for 10-12 yrs. Cases where COPD was an underlying or contributory cause of death (n = 214) were included, and hospital records were obtained when possible (n = 101). From the presence of increased mucus, purulent mucus, fever, leucocytosis and infiltration on chest radiography, death was classified as either due to pulmonary infection (n = 38), other causes (n = 51), or unclassifiable (n = 12). Of subjects reporting chronic mucus hypersecretion at the initial examination, pulmonary infection was implicated in 54% of deaths, whereas this only occurred in 28% of subjects without chronic mucus hypersecretion. Controlling for covariates, in particular smoking habits, a Cox analysis showed a strong inverse relationship between ventilatory function and COPD-related mortality. Chronic mucus hypersecretion was found to be a significant predictor of COPD-related death with pulmonary infection implicated (relative risk (RR) 3.5) but not of death without pulmonary infection (RR 0.9). We consider that subjects with COPD and chronic mucus hypersecretion are more likely to die from pulmonary infections than subjects without chronic mucus hypersecretion. This may explain the excess mortality in subjects with COPD and chronic mucus hypersecretion found in previous studies.
Effect of glycerol on the mechanical and temperature-sensing properties of pectin films (2019)

Temperature-sensitive films embedded in electronic skins (e-skins) can provide temperature feedback to robots, high-tech prostheses, and wearable devices for health care monitoring. Pectin-based films have shown a temperature response at least two orders of magnitude higher than previously reported temperature-sensing materials. However, they are not easily stretchable and tearable, which limit their applications as e-skins that require repetitive bending and mechanical stresses. Here, we show how the addition of glycerol as a plasticizer in the fabrication of pectin-based films improves their mechanical properties. We report how the enhancement of the mechanical performance is accompanied by a decrease in the temperature responsivity. Through thermogravimetric analysis, we show that this reduction in responsivity can be associated with water retention due to the addition of the plasticizer. The link between the water content and the temperature response demonstrates that a dehydrated status of pectin is crucial to record its high temperature responsivity. Combining electrical and thermal characterization with the tensile strength test, we estimate the optimal concentration of glycerol for improving the mechanical properties without compromising the temperature response of the pectin films.
Flow Patterns in Heavy Crude Oil-Water Flow (2004)

This paper is aimed to an experimental study on the flow patterns formed by heavy crude oil (initial viscosity and density 488 mPa s, 925.5kg/m3 at 20°C) and water inside vertical and horizontal 2.84-cm-i.d. pipes. The oil-water interfacial tension was 29 dyn/cm. Effort is concentrated into flow pattern characterization, which was visually defined. The similarities with gas-liquid flow patterns are explored and the results are expressed in flow maps. In contrast with other studies, the annular flow pattern (“core annular flow”) was observed in both horizontal and vertical test sections. These flow pattern tends to occur in heavy oil-water flows at low water input fractions. Because of the practical importance of core flow in providing an effective means for heavy oil production and transportation, this paper discusses criteria that favor its occurrence in pipes.
Design considerations for a 1500 m head 300-600 MW double stage reversible pump/turbine with regulation (1981)

This paper presents the special design considerations required to develop the turbine machinery for high head pumped storage. Discussion of the advanced computer aided design and analytical tools currently available to optimize the prototype equipment is included. Finally special manufacturing considerations and model testing philosophy are introduced. 6 refs.
Grain Structure in Block Copolymer Thin Films Studied by Guided Wave Depolarized Light Scattering (2005)

A new optical technique for characterizing the grain structure of ordered block copolymer thin films has been developed. The technique, which we refer to as guided wave depolarized light scattering (GWDLS), is an adaptation of previous work wherein polarized light was used to characterize the grain structure in bulk block copolymer samples [Newstein et al. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 64]. Spin-casting and vacuum-annealing were used to prepare thin films of an ordered poly(α-methylstyrene-block-isoprene) copolymer on a flat, fused silica substrate. The ordered phase consisted of poly(α-methylstyrene) cylinders in a polyisoprene matrix. A plane-polarized laser beam was coupled into and out of a transverse magnetic (TM) mode of the film, which acts as a planar waveguide. The angle of incidence is adjusted to optimize the coupling efficiency into a particular mode of the waveguide. The path length traveled by the guided wave between the input and output coupling points was approximately 1 cm. The polarization of some of the incident light changes due to encounters with randomly oriented, optically anisotropic grains. This results in the coupling of light into propagating transverse electric (TE) modes in the sample. We show that the TE beam intensity of annealed samples with well-developed grain structure is significantly larger than that obtained from unannealed samples with poorly developed grain structure. The GWDLS results are consistent with atomic force microscopy results obtained from the annealed and unannealed films.
Electric machine design and selection for General Motors e-Assist Light Electrification Technology (2012)

The integrated starter generator replaces conventional starter and alternator with one electrical machine handling both functions. Start/Stop functionality, vehicle launch assistance and higher speed transient power supplementing enhances the vehicle performance at the lower fuel consumption rate. This functionality requires the electrical machine to provide high starting and launch assistant torque in motoring mode and relatively high power capability over the wide speed range for battery charging. The overall cost of the system is the underlining concern and crucial part of the design optimization. This paper focuses on advantages of induction machines in automotive industry and an approach to design a cost effective electrical machine for belted starter-alternator application. Design optimization of the induction machine is described to achieve desired performance including; rotor bar count, solid conductor (bar winding) vs. stranded winding design, rotor bar shape optimization and finally performance maps for the electrical machine including both, predicted and measured results. Thermal study of the machine is also presented as well as the NVH consideration in the design selection.
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2003)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEmploymentNEXTMEDICINAL CHEMISTRYWorking in the field of drug discovery requires a broad mix of interests and skillsLOUISA WRAY DALTONView Author Information C&EN WASHINGTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2003, 81, 25, 53–56Publication Date (Print):June 23, 2003Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 23 June 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v081n025.p053https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n025.p053employmentACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (2 MB) SUBJECTS:Medicinal chemistry Get e-Alerts
Microbial extracellular polymeric substances in marine biogeochemical processes (2005)

The recent developments in immuno-oncology have opened an unprecedented avenue for the emergence of vaccine strategies. Therapeutic DNA cancer vaccines are now considered a very promising strategy to activate the immune system against cancer. In the past, several clinical trials using plasmid DNA vaccines demonstrated a good safety profile and the activation of a broad and specific immune response. However, these vaccines often demonstrated only modest therapeutic effects in clinical trials due to the immunosuppressive mechanisms developed by the tumor. To enhance the vaccine-induced immune response and the treatment efficacy, DNA vaccines could be improved by using two different strategies. The first is to increase their immunogenicity by selecting and optimizing the best antigen(s) to be inserted into the plasmid DNA. The second strategy is to combine DNA vaccines with other complementary therapies that could improve their activity by attenuating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment or by increasing the activity/number of immune cells. A growing number of preclinical and clinical studies are adopting these two strategies to better exploit the potential of DNA vaccination. In this review, we analyze the last 5-year preclinical studies and 10-year clinical trials using plasmid DNA vaccines for cancer therapy. We also investigate the strategies that are being developed to overcome the limitations in cancer DNA vaccination, revisiting the rationale for different combinations of therapy and the different possibilities in antigen choice. Finally, we highlight the most promising developments and critical points that need to be addressed to move towards the approval of therapeutic cancer DNA vaccines as part of the standard of cancer care in the future.
Combination of HOXB4 and Delta-1 ligand improves expansion of cord blood cells (2010)

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an attractive cell source for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Here we examine whether the combination of homeobox B4 (HOXB4) and Delta-1 ligand (DL) synergize when used together. Monkey and human UCB CD34(+) cells were transduced with a HOXB4-expressing gammaretroviral vector and cultured with DL. Individual and combined effects of HOXB4 and DL were assessed by colony-forming unit assays, flow cytometry, and nonobese diabetic/severe combined immune deficienct mouse transplantation. The presence of DL yielded higher percentage of CD34(+) and CD7(+) cells and lower percentages of CD14(+) cells than non-DL cultures. Furthermore, HOXB4 yielded higher percentages of CD34(+) and CD14(+) cells than non-HOXB4 cultures. Interestingly, coculture with DL-expressing OP9 cells resulted in better maintenance of HOXB4 than culture in DL-conditioned medium. Culture of HOXB4-transduced human cells in the presence of DL yielded enhanced generation of repopulating cells with higher levels of engraftment of human CD45(+), CD34(+), CD3(+), CD20(+), and CD41(+) cells compared with either factor individually. Our results demonstrate enhanced generation of hematopoietic progenitors by combining HOXB4 and DL; addition of DL further enhances expansion of multipotent cells capable of repopulating lymphoid and megakaryocyte lineages, which is not observed with HOXB4 alone.
Consumption of Mixed Fruit-juice Drink and Vitamin C Reduces Postprandial Stress Induced by a High Fat Meal in Healthy Overweight Subjects (2014)

Postprandial stress induced by acute consumption of meals with a high fat content results in an increase of markers of cardiometabolic risk. Repeated acute dietary stress may induce a persistent low-grade inflammation, playing a role in the pathogenesis of functional gut diseases. This may cause an impairment of the complex immune response of the gastrointestinal mucosa, which results in a breakdown of oral tolerance. We investigated the effect of ingestion of a fruit-juice drink (FJD) composed by multiple fruit juice and extracts, green tea extracts and vitamin C on postprandial stress induced by a High Fat Meal (HFM) in healthy overweight subjects. Following a double blind, placebo controlled, cross-over design, 15 healthy overweight subjects were randomized to a HFM providing 1334 Kcal (55% fat, 30% carbohydrates and 15% proteins) in combination with 500 mL of a placebo drink (HFM-P) or a fruit-juice drink (HFM-FJD). Ingestion of HFM-P led to an increase in circulating levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, TNF-α and IL-6. Ingestion of HFM-FJD significantly reduced plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, decreasing inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and IL-6. Ingestion of a fruit-juice drink reduce markers of postprandial stress induced by a HFM.
A 5-V Operated MEMS Variable Optical Attenuator by SOI Bulk Micromachining (2004)

We report the design, fabrication, and successful demonstration of microelectromechanical variable optical attenuator (VOA) using an electrostatic microtorsion mirror (0.6 mm in diameter) combined with a fiber-optic collimator. The VOA operates at low voltages (dc 5 V or less) for large optical attenuation (40 dB, corresponding to mirror angle of 0.3/spl deg/) and a fast response time (5 ms or faster). The mirror made of a bulk-micromachined silicon-on-insulator wafer has been designed to be shock resistant up to 500 G without any mechanical failure. We also have suppressed temperature dependence of optical performance to be less than /spl plusmn/0.5 dB at 10-dB attenuation in the range of -5/spl deg/C-70/spl deg/C by mechanically decoupling the parasitic bimorph effect from the electrostatic operation.
Advances in real-time rendering in 3D graphics and games II (2009)

This course is a continuation of Advances in Real-Time Rendering in 3D Graphics and Games I.
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with haemoptysis and normal chest roentgenograms. (1992)

Over the last 10 years, 53 patients with hemoptysis, but with a normal chest radiograph underwent diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Forty-three patients did not show any abnormal findings, the site of bleeding could be localised in five and non-specific mucosal changes were seen in the remaining five patients. Thirty-two patients were followed up clinically for a 3-18 months period. One patient on follow-up developed tubercular pleural effusion. Bronchogenic carcinoma was not detected in any of these patients during the procedure or at follow up. A review of literature revealed a 3 per cent incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma and the risk factors associated with higher incidence were age above 40 years, cigarette smoking and a longer duration of hemoptysis. We conclude that fiberoptic bronchoscopy has little role in this relatively benign condition (hemoptysis) especially when the risk factors are absent.
Experimental characteristics of optical crosspoint switch matrix and its applications in optical packet switching (2006)

This paper presents the experimental results of the switching performances of the fast reconfigurable optical crosspoint switch (OXS) matrix. This paper demonstrates unicast optical packet switching for a 10-Gb/s payload at various modulation formats and a 155-Mb/s nonreturn-to-zero label. Reconfigurable time as fast as 2 ns is achieved because of the optimized control circuit and device fabrication. The power and wavelength dependence for the payload and the capability of multihop operation are investigated as well. The functionalities of the OXS acting as an optical switch and an optical buffer are demonstrated in the optical network node experiment. Very good switching property is obtained for the OXS, which clearly validates OXS as a potential technique for future high-speed Internet-protocol-over-wavelength-division-multiplexing networks
The immunocompromised traveller (1993)

Increasing numbers of immunocompromised people are travelling abroad to areas where the risks of some infections are increased. HIV positive people respond reasonably well to most vaccines when asymptomatic but response is less predictable when symptomatic disease is present. Generally, live vaccines should be avoided in all stages of HIV disease. Patients with anatomic or functional asplenia are at particular risk of severe sepsis due to encapsulated bacteria and from malaria. They should be immunised against the pneumococcus, meningococcus, and haemophilus and should avoid travel to areas where the probability of malaria transmission is high. Patients receiving cancer chemotherapy or transplant recipients on long-term immunosuppression should avoid live virus vaccines but may benefit from bacterial polysaccharide vaccines such as the pneumococcal vaccine. All patients with potentially impaired immunity should be assessed on an individual basis in terms of the risks and benefits involved in travel and available prophylactic measures. Immunisations useful in their native regions can be reviewed at the same time. Such travellers should carry a physician's letter and contact address in case of medical problems encountered abroad.
Mitochondrial thioltransferase (glutaredoxin 2) has GSH‐dependent and thioredoxin reductase‐dependent peroxidase activities <i>in vitro</i> and in lens epithelial cells (2006)

Thioltransferase (or Grx) belongs to the oxidoreductase family and is known to regulate redox homeostasis in cells. Mitochondrial Grx2 is a recent discovery, but its function is largely unknown. In this study we investigate Grx2 function by examining its potential peroxidase activity using lens epithelial cells (LEC). cDNA for human and mouse Grx2 was cloned into pET21d(+) vector and used to produce respective recombinant Grx2 for kinetic studies. cDNA for human Grx2 was transfected into human LEC and used for in vivo studies. Both human and mouse Grx2 showed glutathione (GSH)-dependent and thioredoxin reductase (TR)-dependent peroxidase activity. The catalytic efficiency of human and mouse Grx2 was lower than that of glutathione peroxidases (2.5 and 0.8x10(4) s(-1) M(-1), respectively), but comparable with TR-dependent peroxiredoxins (16.5 and 2.7x10(4) s(-1) M(-1), respectively). TR-dependent peroxidase activity increased 2-fold in the transfected cells and was completely abolished by addition of anti-Grx2 antibody (Ab). Flow cytometry (FACS) analysis and confocal microscopy revealed that cells preloaded with pure Grx2 detoxified peroxides more efficiently. Grx2 over-expression protected cells against H2O2-mediated disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. These results suggest that Grx2 has a novel function as a peroxidase, accepting electrons both from GSH and TR. This unique property may play a role in protecting the mitochondria from oxidative damage.