gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of polymer ligand structures on fluorescence of gold clusters prepared by photoreduction (2013)

Blue emission fluorescent Au(5) clusters with maximum quantum yield of 20.1% were synthesized by a simple photoreduction method using three specially designed tridentate polymer ligands. The evolution of fluorescent Au nanoclusters (Au NCs) under UV irradiation was studied by fluorescence, UV-Vis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic techniques, suggesting that the fluorescence of Au NCs is size-dependent and is associated with the presence of Au(i) ions in the Au NCs. The effect of polymer structure on the fluorescent Au NCs has also been discussed. These highly fluorescent Au NCs have potential applications in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices and light emitting materials.
Voriconazole Compared with Liposomal Amphotericin B for Empirical Antifungal Therapy in Patients with Neutropenia and Persistent Fever (2002)

Voriconazole is a suitable alternative to amphotericin B preparations for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with neutropenia and persistent fever.
Molecular and structural aspects of fimbriae biosynthesis and assembly in Escherichia coli (1996)

Fimbriae are long filamentous polymeric protein structures located at the surface of bacterial cells. They enable the bacteria to bind to specific receptor structures and thereby to colonise specific surfaces. Fimbriae consist of so-called major and minor subunits, which form, in a specific order, the fimbrial structure. In this review emphasis is put on the genetic organisation, regulation and especially on the biosynthesis of fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains, and more in particular on K88 and related fimbriae, with ample reference to the well-studied P and type 1 fimbriae. The biosynthesis of these fimbriae requires two specific and unique proteins, a periplasmic chaperone and an outer membrane located molecular usher ('doorkeeper'). Molecular and structural aspects of the secretion of fimbrial subunits across the cytoplasmic membrane, the interaction of these subunits with the periplasmic molecular chaperone, their translocation to the inner site of the outer membrane and their interaction with the usher protein, as well as the (ordered) translocation of the subunits across the outer membrane and their assembly into a growing fimbrial structure will be described. A model for K88 fimbriae is presented.
An isothermal amplification reactor with an integrated isolation membrane for point-of-care detection of infectious diseases (2011)

A simple, point of care, inexpensive, disposable cassette for the detection of nucleic acids extracted from pathogens was designed, constructed, and tested. The cassette utilizes a single reaction chamber for isothermal amplification of nucleic acids. The chamber is equipped with an integrated, flow-through, Flinders Technology Associates (Whatman FTA®) membrane for the isolation, concentration, and purification of DNA and/or RNA. The nucleic acids captured by the membrane are used directly as templates for amplification without elution, thus simplifying the cassette's flow control. The FTA membrane also serves another critical role-enabling the removal of inhibitors that dramatically reduce detection sensitivity. Thermal control is provided with a thin film heater external to the cassette. The amplification process was monitored in real time with a portable, compact fluorescent reader. The utility of the integrated, single-chamber cassette was demonstrated by detecting the presence of HIV-1 in oral fluids. The HIV RNA was reverse transcribed and subjected to loop-mediated, isothermal amplification (LAMP). A detection limit of less than 10 HIV particles was demonstrated. The cassette is particularly suitable for resource poor regions, where funds and trained personnel are in short supply. The cassette can be readily modified to detect nucleic acids associated with other pathogens borne in saliva, urine, and other body fluids as well as in water and food.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells: A Novel Tool for the Therapy of Ischemic Diseases (2011)

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are believed to home to sites of neovascularization, contributing to vascular regeneration either directly via incorporation into newly forming vascular structures or indirectly via the secretion of pro-angiogenic growth factors, thereby enhancing the overall vascular and hemodynamic recovery of ischemic tissues. The therapeutic application of EPCs has been shown to be effective in animal models of ischemia, and we as well as other groups involved in clinical trials have demonstrated that the use of EPCs was safe and feasible for the treatment of critical limb ischemia and cardiovascular diseases. However, many issues in the field of EPC biology, especially in regard to the proper and unambiguous molecular characterization of these cells, still remain unresolved, hampering not only basic research but also the effective therapeutic use and widespread application of these cells. Further, recent evidence suggests that several diseases and pathological conditions are correlated with a reduction in the number and biological activity of EPCs, making the development of novel strategies to overcome the current limitations and shortcomings of this promising but still limited therapeutic tool by refinement and improvement of EPC purification, expansion, and administration techniques, a rather pressing issue.
Multi-view CCA-based acoustic features for phonetic recognition across speakers and domains (2013)

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and kernel CCA can be used for unsupervised learning of acoustic features when a second view (e.g., articulatory measurements) is available for some training data, and such projections have been used to improve phonetic frame classification. Here we study the behavior of CCA-based acoustic features on the task of phonetic recognition, and investigate to what extent they are speaker-independent or domain-independent. The acoustic features are learned using data drawn from the University of Wisconsin X-ray Microbeam Database (XRMB). The features are evaluated within and across speakers on XRMB data, as well as on out-of-domain TIMIT and MOCHA-TIMIT data. Experimental results show consistent improvement with the learned acoustic features over baseline MFCCs and PCA projections. In both speaker-dependent and cross-speaker experiments, phonetic error rates are improved by 4-9% absolute (10-23% relative) using CCA-based features over baseline MFCCs. In cross-domain phonetic recognition (training on XRMB and testing on MOCHA or TIMIT), the learned projections provide smaller improvements.
Secure Vault: A privacy preserving reliable architecture for Secure Social Networking (2011)

Social Networking Sites(SNS) are becoming the preferred medium for internet users to stay connected. Unfortunately, there are numerous threats to the privacy and security of users' personal data shared on these sites. Some third party privacy and security enhancing applications and solutions are available, but they only give a piece meal solution. The need of the hour is to design and develop a Secure Social Networking Site (SSNS) which addresses users concerns right from design stage. This paper proposes a novel architecture for a Secure Social Networking Site called "Secure Vault". Secure Vault addresses the privacy and security issues of a user by interleaving the concepts of data dislocation, fake information and encryption. In a unique solution to restrict unauthorized viewing by visitors we propose presenting to the unauthorized visitors "fake" information, rather than blocking out the visitor, an approach currently adopted by the existing SNSs. The architecture shields users' private data by using encryption and enhances reliability of storage of critical and sensitive data by dislocating it to user specified servers.
High frequency of single‐copy T‐DNA transformants produced by floral dip in <i>CRE</i>‐expressing Arabidopsis plants (2009)

For genetic transformation of plants, floral dip with Agrobacterium often results in integration of multiple T-DNA copies at a single locus and frequently in low and unstable transgene expression. To obtain efficient single-copy T-DNA transformants, two CRE/loxP recombinase-based simplifying strategies for complex T-DNA loci were compared. A T-DNA vector with oppositely oriented loxP sites was transformed into CRE-expressing and wild-type control Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Of the primary CRE-expressing transformants, 55% harboured a single copy of the introduced T-DNA, but only 15% in the wild-type plants. However, 73% of the single-copy transformants in the CRE background showed continuous somatic inversion of the DNA segment between the two loxP sites. To avoid inversion of the loxP-flanked T-DNA segment, two T-DNA vectors harbouring only one loxP site were investigated for their suitability for CRE/loxP recombinase-mediated resolution upon floral-dip transformation into CRE-expressing plants. On average, 70% of the transformants in the CRE background were single-copy transformants, whereas the single-copy T-DNA frequency was only 11% for both vectors in the wild-type background. Both resolution strategies yielded mostly Cre transformants in which the 35S-driven transgene expression was stable and uniform in the progeny and remarkably, also in Cre transformants with multiple T-DNA copies. Therefore, a role is proposed for the CRE recombinase in preventing inverted T-DNA repeat formation or modifying the locus chromatin structure, resulting in a reduced sensitivity for silencing.
Preparation of indoles via iron catalyzed direct oxidative coupling (2010)

Iron-catalyzed aryl C–H and vinyl C–H bonds activation to give valuable substituted indole products was reported. The reaction shows high functional group tolerance.
ICL's first development using IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) (1990)

Outlines the first ICL gate array product selected to explore the advantages and opportunities of using the emerging (JTAG) boundary scan architecture. >
Estimation of labeling efficiency in pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (2010)

Pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling MRI is a new arterial spin labeling technique that has the potential of combining advantages of continuous arterial spin labeling and pulsed arterial spin labeling. However, unlike continuous arterial spin labeling, the labeling process of pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling is not strictly an adiabatic inversion and the efficiency of labeling may be subject specific. Here, three experiments were performed to study the labeling efficiency in pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling MRI. First, the optimal labeling position was determined empirically to be approximately 84 mm below the anterior commissure-posterior commissure line in order to achieve the highest sensitivity. Second, an experimental method was developed to utilize phase-contrast velocity MRI as a normalization factor and to estimate the labeling efficiency in vivo, which was founded to be 0.86 +/- 0.06 (n = 10, mean +/- standard deviation). Third, we compared the labeling efficiency of pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling MRI under normocapnic and hypercapnic (inhalation of 5% CO(2)) conditions and showed that a higher flow velocity in the feeding arteries resulted in a reduction in the labeling efficiency. In summary, our results suggest that labeling efficiency is a critical parameter in pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling MRI not only in terms of achieving highest sensitivity but also in quantification of absolute cerebral blood flow in milliliters per minute per 100 g. We propose that the labeling efficiency should be estimated using phase-contrast velocity MRI on a subject-specific basis.
An offset compensation technique for latch type sense amplifiers in high-speed low-power SRAMs (2004)

The input referred offset voltage occurring in the full latch V/sub DD/ biased sense amplifier has been analyzed extensively. The process variations in the matched nMOS and pMOS transistors have been accounted by /spl plusmn/2.5% variation in V/sub T/ and /spl plusmn/5% variation in /spl beta/, from typical values. Effect of various design parameters on the sense amplifier offset has been studied and reported. It has been shown that the rise time of the sense amplifier enable signal (SAEN) has a profound effect on the offset voltage. The slower transition of SAEN signal is proposed to result in high speed as well as low-power consumption in SRAM application. An analytical model has been derived for simplified latch to model the effect of rise time of SAEN signal on offset voltage.
A Dual-Core 8-17 GHz LC VCO with Enhanced Tuning Switch-less Tertiary Winding and 208.8 dBc/Hz Peak FoM<sub>T</sub> in 22nm FDSOI (2020)

This work presents a low phase noise wide tuning range dual-core transformer-based VCO using a switch-less tertiary magnetic coupling loop. The design employs the benefits of transformer-switching without incurring switch loss and quality factor degradation, and also the benefits of mode-switching without the parasitics from the mode-selection network. The VCO uses dual-mode operation with a constant quality factor capacitors bank and a positive feedback DC-coupled inductive-degenerated output buffer to maximize the tuning range. The VCO, implemented in 22nm FDSOI, achieves a 72% tuning at 8-17 GHz and a figure-of-merit-tuning (FoM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) of 208.8 dBc/Hz at 11 GHz. The chip operates from an 0.45 V supply with a power consumption of 17-33 mW and a core area of 0.39 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . To the authors knowledge, the VCO achieves the highest FoM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and lowest supply for designs over 10 GHz.
Center for Intelligent Systems at Vanderbilt University An Overview (2003)

The robotics field has evolved from industrial applications in the 1960s to nontraditional applications such as medical surgery and outdoor search and rescue missions. The Center for Intelligent Systems (CIS) at Vanderbilt University (See: http://eecs.vanderbilt.edu/CIS) was established in 1985 to advance the state of the art in intelligent systems through research and development of human-robot symbiotic systems. Currently research emphasis is on humanoid robots, collaborative teams of human and mobile robots and robust human-robot interface technologies. Other research areas include brain-machine and holonic manufacturing.
Design and implementation of an immersive virtual reality system based on a smartphone platform (2013)

With the increasing power of mobile CPUs and GPUs, it is becoming tractable to integrate all the components of an interactive, immersive virtual reality system onto a small mobile device. We present a demonstration of a head-mounted display system integrated onto an iPhone-based platform. In building this demonstration we tackled two main problems. First, how to integrate the user-interface, utilizing the phone itself as an unseen touch interface. Second, how to integrate multiple inertial measuring units to facilitate user interaction. The resulting system indicates the practicality of mobile virtual reality systems based on smartphones.
Regulated recruitment of tumor suppressor BRCA1 to the p21 gene by coactivator methylation (2011)

Tumor suppression by p53 and BRCA1 involves regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair and is influenced by transcriptional coactivators and post-translational modifications. Here we show that coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) methylates Arg 754 in the KIX region of coactivator p300. Methylated p300 and p300 protein fragments are preferentially recognized by BRCT domains of BRCA1, identifying the BRCT domain as a novel methylarginine-binding module. CARM1 and p300 cooperate with BRCA1 and p53 to induce expression of the critical cell cycle and proliferation regulator p21(WAF1/CIP1) in response to DNA damage. This induction was severely attenuated by elimination of CARM1 or its methyltransferase activity, or by mutation of Arg 754 of p300. Absence of CARM1 methyltransferase activity led to failure of cells to arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. CARM1 methyltransferase activity was required for induction of some p53 target genes (p21 and Gadd45) but not others (Bax) by DNA damage. Recruitment of BRCA1 to the p53-binding region of the p21 promoter in response to DNA damage required methylation of Arg 754 of p300 by CARM1. Thus, coactivator methylation may be crucial for fine-tuning the tumor suppressor function of BRCA1 and other BRCT domain proteins.
The Evidence Framework Applied to Classification Networks (1992)

Three Bayesian ideas are presented for supervised adaptive classifiers. First, it is argued that the output of a classifier should be obtained by marginalizing over the posterior distribution of the parameters; a simple approximation to this integral is proposed and demonstrated. This involves a &quot;moderation&quot; of the most probable classifier&apos;s outputs, and yields improved performance. Second, it is demonstrated that the Bayesian framework for model comparison described for regression models in MacKay (1992a,b) can also be applied to classification problems. This framework successfully chooses the magnitude of weight decay terms, and ranks solutions found using different numbers of hidden units. Third, an information-based data selection criterion is derived and demonstrated within this framework.
Binary Bacterial Toxins: Biochemistry, Biology, and Applications of Common<i>Clostridium</i>and<i>Bacillus</i>Proteins (2004)

Certain pathogenic species of Bacillus and Clostridium have developed unique methods for intoxicating cells that employ the classic enzymatic "A-B" paradigm for protein toxins. The binary toxins produced by B. anthracis, B. cereus, C. botulinum, C. difficile, C. perfringens, and C. spiroforme consist of components not physically associated in solution that are linked to various diseases in humans, animals, or insects. The "B" components are synthesized as precursors that are subsequently activated by serine-type proteases on the targeted cell surface and/or in solution. Following release of a 20-kDa N-terminal peptide, the activated "B" components form homoheptameric rings that subsequently dock with an "A" component(s) on the cell surface. By following an acidified endosomal route and translocation into the cytosol, "A" molecules disable a cell (and host organism) via disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, increasing intracellular levels of cyclic AMP, or inactivation of signaling pathways linked to mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases. Recently, B. anthracis has gleaned much notoriety as a biowarfare/bioterrorism agent, and of primary interest has been the edema and lethal toxins, their role in anthrax, as well as the development of efficacious vaccines and therapeutics targeting these virulence factors and ultimately B. anthracis. This review comprehensively surveys the literature and discusses the similarities, as well as distinct differences, between each Clostridium and Bacillus binary toxin in terms of their biochemistry, biology, genetics, structure, and applications in science and medicine. The information may foster future studies that aid novel vaccine and drug development, as well as a better understanding of a conserved intoxication process utilized by various gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria.
New aspects of Nd–Fe–B-based hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination powders and anisotropic bonded magnets made from them: Microstructure and magnetic properties (invited) (1997)

Recent progress in the understanding of the texture formation mechanism in the hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination (HDDR) process, improvements of stability with regard to thermal and structural losses, and the state-of-the-art performance of both compression and injection molded magnets made from the newly developed anisotropic HDDR powders are reported. Transmission electron microscopy observations of disproportionated Nd–Fe–Co–Ga–Zr–B alloys have revealed the existence of finely dispersed crystallites of Nd2(Fe,Co,Ga)14B which have a common crystallographic orientation. It is proposed that, upon removal of hydrogen, the hydrogen-disproportionated structure recombines from these crystallites to form textured submicron crystallites of the 2:14:1 phase. Using highly anisotropic HDDR powders, energy products (BH)max exceeding 170 kJ/m3 (21 MGOe) have been obtained on compression-molded resin-bonded magnets and 130 kJ/m3 (16 MGOe) on injection-molded ones. High coercivity HDDR powders with an intrinsic coercivity (HcJ) exceeding 1.27 MA/m (16 kOe) have also been obtained by replacing part of Nd with Dy, which enabled improvement of thermal stability. It is shown that the degradation of magnetic performance of resin-bonded HDDR magnets is prevented by eliminating pore formation during the molding process.
Image tag refinement along the &#x2018;what&#x2019; dimension using tag categorization and neighbor voting (2010)

Online sharing of images is increasingly becoming popular, resulting in the availability of vast collections of user-contributed images that have been annotated with usersupplied tags. However, user-supplied tags are often not related to the actual image content, affecting the performance of multimedia applications that rely on tag-based retrieval of user-contributed images. This paper proposes a modular approach towards tag refinement, taking into account the nature of tags. First, tags are automatically categorized in five categories using WordNet: ‘where’, ‘when’, ‘who’, ‘what’, and ‘how’. Next, as a start towards a full implementation of our modular tag refinement approach, we use neighbor voting to learn the relevance of tags along the ‘what’ dimension. Our experimental results show that the proposed tag refinement technique is able to successfully differentiate correct tags from noisy tags along the ‘what’ dimension. In addition, we demonstrate that the proposed tag refinement technique is able to improve the effectiveness of image tag recommendation for non-tagged images.
Walking > walking-in-place > flying, in virtual environments (1999)

A study by We replicated their study, adding real walking as a third condition.
Molecular weight distributions in free-radical polymerizations: their cause and cure (1995)

The average molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution are some of the most important determinants of the properties of a polymer product, strongly influencing properties such as mechanical strength, minimum film-forming temperature of a latex, and so on. Advances in theory have led to a novel but simple experimental means to obtain information about the events controlling these properties, by straightforward manipulation of the data obtained from conventional GPC. This has the potential to lead to new means of improving polymer products.
Alcohol's impact on kidney function. (1997)

Both acute and chronic alcohol consumption can compromise kidney function, particularly in conjunction with established liver disease. Investigators have observed alcohol-related changes in the structure and function of the kidneys and impairment in their ability to regulate the volume and composition of fluid and electrolytes in the body. Chronic alcoholic patients may experience low blood concentrations of key electrolytes as well as potentially severe alterations in the body's acid-base balance. In addition, alcohol can disrupt the hormonal control mechanisms that govern kidney function. By promoting liver disease, chronic drinking has further detrimental effects on the kidneys, including impaired sodium and fluid handling and even acute kidney failure.