gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Specificity of S-Adenosylmethionine Derivatives in Methyl Transfer Reactions (1969)

Abstract The preparation, purification, and analysis of a variety of new sulfonium derivatives of methionine is reported. Deamination of S-adenosyl-l-methionine with nitrous acid yielded, depending on experimental conditions, S-adenosyl l-(2-hydroxy-4-methylthio)butyric acid or S-inosyl-l-(2-hydroxy-4-methylthio)butyric acid. S-Inosyl-l-methionine was obtained by enzymatic deamination of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine to S-inosyl-l-homocysteine and methylation of the latter by methyl iodide. 4-Dimethylsulfonium-l-(2hydroxy)butyric acid has been prepared from S-methyl-l-methionine sulfonium salt. The sulfonium derivatives were purified by ion exchange chromatography and were characterized by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, paper and thin layer chromatography, electrophoresis, and hydrolysis to known fragments. The new methionine sulfonium derivatives and S-adenosyl-(5')-3-methylthiopropylamine were investigated as methyl donors and as inhibitors with three purified methyltransferases: histamine methyltransferase, acetylserotonin methyltransferase, and homocysteine methyltransferase. The replacement of the 2-amino group of the methionine moiety by the hydroxyl group resulted in complete loss of activity in all systems investigated; these deaminated derivatives were also inactive as inhibitors of S-adenosyl-l-methionine in the transmethylations. The methyl donor capacity of inosine derivatives and of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine ranged between inactivity and an effect equal to that of the biological methyl donor. Homocysteine methyltransferase was the least specific of the three enzymes. Experiments with S-inosylmethionine, racemic with respect to the sulfonium pole, established that both sulfonium diastereoisomers were utilized in the methylation of homocysteine. S-Adenosyl-l-homocysteine was found to be a very effective inhibitor of the systems investigated; the enzymatic removal of its amino group in the adenine part led to Sinosylhomocysteine, which was without effect as an inhibitor. 5'-Methylthioadenosine, a catabolite of S-adenosylmethionine, inhibited the methylation of histamine and acetylserotonin. On the basis of these results, three binding sites for S-adenosylmethionine on the methyl transfer enzymes may be postulated.
Spinal 2-Chloroprocaine for Surgery: An Initial 10-Month Experience (2005)

Spinal 2-chloroprocaine (2-CP) is currently being investigated as a short-acting alternative to lidocaine, which frequently causes transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) in surgical patients. TNS has not been reported with 2-CP in volunteers in doses ranging from 30 to 60 mg and appears to provide an excellent level of surgical anesthesia. In this retrospective study, we describe the experience with spinal 2-CP in surgical patients during its first 10 mo of clinical use at our institution. Most patients had ambulatory surgery, including 39 orthopedic, 30 general surgical, 18 gynecologic, and 34 genitourinary procedures. Chloroprocaine 30 or 40 mg, with or without fentanyl (10-20 microg), was the most common (92%) dose combination used. Mean peak block height averaged T6 to T8. The surgical procedure time was 32.3 +/- 18.4 min. Time from placement of the block to the end of the surgical procedure was 53.1 +/- 20.7 min. Times to ambulation and discharge were 155.1 +/- 34.7 min and 207.9 +/- 69.4 min, respectively. 2-CP spinal anesthesia has proven to be a safe and effective alternative to lidocaine and procaine for ambulatory surgical procedures of < or =1 h, with a predictable regression of block height. No patients reported TNS after surgery.
Direct Quantification of the Enteric Bacterium <i>Oxalobacter formigenes</i> in Human Fecal Samples by Quantitative Competitive-Template PCR (1999)

Homeostasis of oxalic acid appears to be regulated, in part, by the gut-associated bacterium Oxalobacter formigenes. The loss of this bacterium from the gut flora is associated with an increased susceptibility to hyperoxaluria, a condition which can lead to the formation of calcium oxalate crystalluria and kidney stones. In order to identify and quantify the presence of O. formigenes in clinical specimens, a quantitative-PCR-based assay system utilizing a competitive DNA template as an internal standard was developed. This quantitative competitive-template PCR test allows for the rapid, highly specific, and reproducible quantification of O. formigenes in fecal samples and provides a prototype for development of DNA-based quantitative assays for enteric bacteria.
Isolation of c-Kit+ Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells from Second Trimester (2013)

Amniotic fluid-derived stem (AFS) cells have been described as an appealing source of stem cells because of their (1) fetal, non-embryonic origin, (2) easy access during pregnancy overcoming the ethical issues related both to the use of human embryonic cells and to the postnatal tissue biopsy with donor site morbidity, and (3) their undemanding ability to be expanded. We and others have demonstrated the broad differentiation potential and here we describe the established protocol we developed to obtain c-Kit+ human AFS cells, starting from second trimester amniocentesis samples.
Gait modification strategies for altering medial knee joint load: A systematic review (2010)

This review demonstrates that some gait modifications have the ability to alter knee load. Future research is required to determine the magnitude of modification required to maximize beneficial effects, the best method of training, long-term patient adherence, and if these biomechanical changes can translate into clinically relevant changes in symptoms or disease progression risk.
Pole-based localization for autonomous vehicles in urban scenarios (2016)

Localization is a key capability for autonomous vehicles especially in urban scenarios. We propose the use of pole-like landmarks as primary features in these environments, as they are distinct, long-term stable and can be detected reliably with a stereo camera system. Furthermore, the resulting map representation is memory efficient, allowing for easy storage and on-line updates. The localization is performed in real-time by a stereo camera system as a main sensor, using vehicle odometry and an off-the-shelf GPS as secondary information sources. Localization is performed by a particle filter approach, coupled with an Kalman filter for robustness and sensor fusion. This leads to a lateral accuracy below 20 cm in various urban test areas. The system has been included in our autonomous test vehicle and successfully demonstrated the full loop from mapping to autonomous driving.
Proteins Specified by Herpes Simplex Virus X. Staining and Radiolabeling Properties of B Capsid and Virion Proteins in Polyacrylamide Gels (1974)

ANALYSES OF THE STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRIONS AND OF CAPSIDS CONTAINING VIRAL DNA (B CAPSIDS), AFTER ELECTROPHORESIS IN POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS, REVEALED CONSIDERABLE VARIABILITY IN THEIR PROPERTIES WITH RESPECT TO: (i) retention of Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) and fast green stains during destaining, (ii) relative optical absorbance of the CBB-protein complex at different wavelengths, (iii) relative efficiency with which (14)C-amino acids are incorporated during early and late periods of the infection cycle, and (iv) capacity to be phosphorylated in vivo. In addition, it was found that protein 22a of B capsids, which does not have an electrophoretically identical counterpart in virions, shares a relatively unique set of staining and radiolabeling properties with virion protein 22, which has a slightly more rapid electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels.
New Polyhydroxylated Triterpenes from Uncaria tomentosa (1990)

Three novel polyhydroxylated triterpenes have been isolated from Uncaria tomentosa. Their structures were established as 1, 2, and 3 by detailed spectral studies including 1H-13C correlations via long range couplings using the INAPT pulse sequence, nOeds, and 2D 1H-13C direct chemical shift correlation (HETCOR) nmr techniques.
A SRAM-less Deblocking Filter in H.264/AVC (2011)

针对H.264/AVC中的去块效应滤波器，该文提出了一种新的滤波处理顺序，能够显著减小片上数据缓存容量，并以此为基础设计了一种去块效应滤波器的VLSI硬件新结构。该结构利用数据复用机制减少对片外存储的访问量、节省处理时间，同时不使用片内SRAM，将对片内SRAM的访问降为0。仿真结果显示，该电路在工作频率为100MHz时对HDTV能较好地实现实时滤波；在0.18m工艺下，综合后的等效逻辑门数只有16.8k。
H.P. Acthar Gel (repository corticotropin injection) treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis and diabetes (2016)

The majority of patients experienced a timely resolution of their MS relapse with few hyperglycemic adverse events. Although more studies are necessary, these data suggest that Acthar Gel may be a well-tolerated and effective treatment option for patients with diabetes experiencing an MS relapse.
<title>Electrical measurements of overlay using the Prometrix Lithomap LM20</title> (1990)

New test structures for the electrical measurement of overlay using the Prometrix Lithomap LM2O have been designed. These have been extensively used to assess the performance of Canon FPA 1550 step-and--repeat alignment instruments. Results indicate that 98 % of the measured sites are within alignment tolerance of +1- 0.4 microns.
Stannate Increases Hydrogen Evolution Overpotential on Rechargeable Alkaline Iron Electrodes (2017)

Alkaline iron electrodes present some challenges for use in secondary batteries that are associated with low coulombic efficiency and discharge utilization. Low coulombic efficiency is correlated to the hydrogen evolution reaction that takes place during charge. In this work, we demonstrate rechargeable alkaline iron electrodes with significant capacity retention over 150 cycles with high efficiency by suppressing the hydrogen evolution with stannate. Adding stannate to the alkaline electrolyte when cycling the iron electrode drastically changes the electrochemistry. The additive brings on two advantageous attributes for the iron electrode: increased hydrogen evolution overpotential, and a flat and prolonged discharge curve at typical battery operation. These attributes were provided by a novel intermediate phase that was detected from in situ neutron diffraction measurements. This phase was only detected in situ while it decomposed ex situ, and indicated a solid solution constituted by some of the elements present in the electrode.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,3‐Dioxolane‐Pyrimidine Nucleosides and Their Anti‐HIV Activity. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Trends in Coronary Revascularization in the United States From 2001 to 2009 (2011)

This study confirms recent speculation that PCI volume has begun to decrease. Although rates of CABG have waned for several decades, all forms of coronary revascularization have been declining since 2004.
Precise visual inspection for LSI wafer patterns using subpixel image alignment (2002)

This paper reports on an image processing algorithm and hardware for fast, precise inspection of LSI wafer patterns. In order to detect deep sub-micron defects such as 0.2 /spl mu/m at high speed by grayscale image comparison, we must overcome the sampling errors that inevitably occur between two images during detection. For this purpose, we have developed a subpixel image alignment algorithm that infers the correct sampling position and creates the two resampled images with subpixel accuracy. We have also developed an 8-channel pipelined processor with gate arrays. It has 8/spl times/19,000 gates and can operate at 8/spl times/15 MHz. Evaluation of the system confirmed that the accuracy of the subpixel image alignment was 0.16 pixels or less and that the inspection system could detect 0.18 /spl mu/m defects at a pixel size of 0.25 /spl mu/m for half-micron LSI wafer patterns with an inspection speed of 25 s/cm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 200-245 GHz Balanced Frequency Doubler with Peak Output Power of +2 dBm (2013)

This paper presents a wideband 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS frequency multiplier at 200-245 GHz. The balanced multiplier results in a low first harmonic component, and uses a reflector at the base nodes to reflect the second harmonics to transistors for improved efficiency. The measured output power is > -2 dBm at 200-245 GHz with a peak value of +2 dBm at 224-228 GHz and a conversion gain of -15 dB. To the author's knowledge, this is the highest power wideband doubler at 200-250 GHz.
Effects of Castanospermine on Purified LysosomalAlpha-1,4-Glucosidase (1986)

The indolizidine alkaloid castanospermine (1,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyoctahydroindolizine) inhibits hydrolysis of maltose, glycogen and isomaltose by purified lysosomal alpha-glucosidase yielding Ki values of 0.095, 0.10 and 0.30 mumol/l, respectively. Castanospermine exhibited high affinity for both the maltose and isomaltose sites. In distinct contrast, the alkaloid exhibited little or no affinity for the site catalyzing hydrolysis of glycogen as indicated by a noncompetitive mode of inhibition. Kinetic data presented in this report indicate castanospermine to be a very potent inhibitor of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase.
Mechanism and Dynamics of Azobenzene Photoisomerization (2003)

The excited-state dynamics of trans-azobenzene were investigated by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics. Two near-degenerate pipi* excited states, S2 and S3,4, were identified in a region hitherto associated with only one excited state. These results help to explain contradictory reports about the photoisomerization mechanism and the wavelength dependence of the quantum yield. A new model for the isomerization mechanism is proposed.
Synthesis of substituted 3-hydroxy flavones for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity (2008)

Summary Flavonoids are phenolic compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom. They are known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antiplatelet, gastroprotective, antitumor, and antiallergic activies. Many available literatures prompted us to modify the benzopyrone ring present in the flavonoids to explore newer activities associated with this nucleus. The chalcones were prepared by reacting ohydroxy acetophenone with dimethylamino benzaldehyde. 3-hydroxy flavone was prepared by reacting chalcone with alkaline hydrogen peroxide. 3-methoxy and 3- acetoxy flavone were prepared by reacting 3- hydroxyl flavone with dimethyl sulphate in acetone medium and acetic anhydride respectively. The different esters of 3-hydroxy flavones were prepared by treating the 3-hydroxy flavone with different acid chlorides in the presence of pyridine. The test compounds were characterised by UV, IR, 1 H-NMR and Mass spectral studies. For each test compounds λmax, Єmax and pKa were determined using standard protocol. Two out of twelve test compounds showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, comparable to standard antibiotics Amoxicillin and Gentamycin. However, the test compounds found to have poorer DPPH· radical scavenging activity.
Large-scale Analysis of <i>PDGFRA</i> Mutations in Melanomas and Evaluation of Their Sensitivity to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Imatinib and Crenolanib (2013)

PDGFRA mutations are detected in a small population of melanoma patients. Our study suggests that patients with melanoma harboring certain PDGFRA mutations may benefit from imatinib and crenolanib treatment.
PRESS: A Novel Framework of Trajectory Compression in Road Networks (2014)

Location data becomes more and more important. In this paper, we focus on the trajectory data, and propose a new framework, namely PRESS (Paralleled Road-Network-Based Trajectory Compression), to effectively compress trajectory data under road network constraints. Different from existing work, PRESS proposes a novel representation for trajectories to separate the spatial representation of a trajectory from the temporal representation, and proposes a Hybrid Spatial Compression (HSC) algorithm and error Bounded Temporal Compression (BTC) algorithm to compress the spatial and temporal information of trajectories respectively. PRESS also supports common spatial-temporal queries without fully decompressing the data. Through an extensive experimental study on real trajectory dataset, PRESS significantly outperforms existing approaches in terms of saving storage cost of trajectory data with bounded errors.
The Ca2+-Activated K+ Channel of Intermediate Conductance:A Molecular Target for Novel Treatments? (2001)

This review discusses the Ca2+-activated K+ channels of intermediate conductance (IK channels), and their historical discovery in erythrocytes, their classical biophysical characteristics, physiological function, molecular biology as well as their role as possible molecular targets for pharmacological intervention in various diseases. The first described Ca2+-activated K+ channel ever - the so-called Gard6s channel from human erythrocytes--is an IK channel. The "I" denominates the intermediate conductance that distinguishes the IK channels from the related Ca2+-activated K+ channels of small (SK) or large (BK) conductance. The recent cloning of the human IK channel gene (KCNN4) enabled a detailed mapping of the expression in various tissues. IK channel expression is found predominantly in cells of the blood, in epithelia and endothelia. An important physiological role of IK channels is to set the membrane potential at fairly negative values and thereby to build up large electrical gradients for the passive transport of ions such as Cl- efflux driving water and Na+ secretion from epithelia, and Ca2+ influx controlling T-lymphocyte proliferation. The molecular cloning of IK and SK channels has revealed that both channels gain their Ca2+-sensitivity from tightly bound calmodulin (CaM). The IK channel is potently blocked by the scorpion toxin charybdotoxin (ChTx) and the antimycotic clotrimazole (CLT). CLT has been in clinical trials for the treatment of sickle cell disease, diarrhea and ameliorates the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. However, inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes by CLT limits its therapeutic value, but new drug candidates are entering the stage. It is discussed whether pharmacological modulation of IK channels may be beneficial in sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, secretory diarrhea, craft-versus-host disease and autoimmune diseases.
Macrophage Phenotype and Function in Liver Disorder (2020)

Hepatic macrophages are a remarkably heterogeneous population consisting of self-renewing tissue-resident phagocytes, termed Kupffer cells (KCs), and recruited macrophages derived from peritoneal cavity as well as the bone marrow. KCs are located in the liver sinusoid where they scavenge the microbe from the portal vein to maintain liver homeostasis. Liver injury may trigger hepatic recruitment of peritoneal macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages. Studies describing macrophage accumulation have shown that hepatic macrophages are involved in the initiation and progression of various liver diseases. They act as tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells to inhibit T-cell activation by producing distinct sets of cytokines, chemokines, and mediators to maintain or resolve inflammation. Furthermore, by releasing regenerative growth factors, matrix metalloproteinase arginase, they promote tissue repair. Recent experiments found that KCs and recruited macrophages may play different roles in the development of liver disease. Given that hepatic macrophages are considerably plastic populations, their phenotypes and functions are likely switching along disease progression. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the role of tissue-resident macrophages and recruited macrophages in pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Potentiation of glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene expression by the immunophilin ligands FK506 and rapamycin. (1993)

It has recently been discovered that the steroid receptor-associated heat shock protein, hsp56, belongs to the FK506 family of immunophilin proteins. The ability of hsp56 to bind the immunosuppressive macrolide FK506 has led to the speculation that the steroid receptor and immunophilin signal transduction pathways are functionally interrelated. We have tested this idea by assessing the effects of FK506 on glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated expression of the murine mammary tumor virus-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (MMTV-CAT) reporter plasmid. We report that combined treatment with FK506 and low concentrations of dexamethasone (10(-8) or 10(-7) M) results in a large enhancement of MMTV-CAT gene expression over that seen in response to dexamethasone (Dex) alone. FK506 potentiation of MMTV-CAT expression did not occur at 10(-6) M Dex or in the complete absence of hormone. We also show that potentiation of Dex-mediated MMTV-CAT expression occurs in response to rapamycin, that glucocorticoid-regulated enhancer sequences are sufficient for the FK506-mediated potentiation effect, and that this effect can be blocked by RU486 antagonist. Finally, we provide evidence that FK506 potentiation of GR-mediated gene expression is the result of increased translocation to the nucleus of the GR.
Design and Implementation of Message-Oriented Middleware in Air Traffic Control Systems (2010)

The functions of an air traffic control system should be able to be flexibly allocated to meet the needs of different users who in turn require different system sizes.To meet this requirement and to reduce development work,it is necessary to develop an air traffic control system based on the middleware technology.This paper first introduces the concept of middleware and its categories,and then expatiates on the design as well as implementation of message-oriented middleware in an air traffic control system.
Beyond 100Gbps Encoder Design for Staircase Codes (2016)

The emergency of mass-data-processing applications encourages the exponential growth of high-speed communication technologies. In order to ensure the accuracy of data transmission, product codes have attracted much attention in both communications and storage industries. It is well-known that product codes are very efficient in achieving high coding gain and high throughput at low computation complexity. Unfortunately, VLSI architectures for either encoder or decoder of product codes close to 100Gbps data rate is rarely discussed in public literature. In this paper, a high-speed architecture for staircase codes, for the first time, is introduced and the corresponding encoder is implemented with a low-comlexity parallel BCH encoder. The implementation results at 90nm COMS technology show that the proposed encoder can operate at a frequency of 500MHz and with a guaranteed throughput of 119.5Gbps which fully meets the general requirements of optical transport network (OTN).