gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell culture chips for simultaneous application of topographical and electrical cues enhance phenotype of cardiomyocytes (2008)

In vivo, cardiomyocytes are exposed to multiple biochemical and physical cues including topographical and electrical cues. During prolonged in vitro cultivation in standard tissue culture set-ups, cardiomyocytes are known to de-differentiate due to the lack of appropriate micro-environmental cues. Most currently available cell culture systems provide only a single biophysical cue, thus development of advanced cell cultivation systems incorporating multiple cues is urgently needed. We report here the development of a microfabricated system, incorporating topographical and electrical cues on a single chip, which enables cultivation of differentiated cardiomyocytes. The cell culture chips were created by hot embossing of polystyrene, to create microgrooves and microridges of precisely defined depth, width and periodicity. Substrates consisting of 0.5 microm-wide grooves and 0.5 microm-wide ridges (1 microm period) and those consisting of 3 microm-wide grooves and 1 microm-wide ridges (4 microm period) were investigated, with smooth surfaces used as controls. The depth of the microgrooves was 400 nm. The two gold electrodes were electrodeposited 1 cm apart such that the microgrooves in-between were oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the electrodes, enabling studies of interaction between topographical and electrical cues. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes cultivated on microgrooved substrates for 7 days were elongated and aligned along the microgrooves forming a well developed contractile apparatus, as evidenced by sarcomeric alpha-actinin staining, with a more pronounced effect on substrates with 1 microm compared to 4 microm periodicity. Importantly, simultaneous application of biphasic electrical pulses and topographical cues resulted in gap junctions confined to the cell-cell end junctions rather than the punctate distribution found in neonatal cells. Electrical field stimulation further enhanced cardiomyocyte elongation when microgrooves were oriented parallel to the electric field. Due to the compatibility of the described cell culture chips with fluorescence and optical microscopy as well as the ability to independently control field stimulation parameters, biochemical and topographical cues on each chip, this system may in the future become a useful tool in drug development and maturation of cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells.
Controlled Functionalization of Crystalline Polystyrenes via Activation of Aromatic C−H Bonds (2007)

The iridium-catalyzed functionalization of the C−H bond of commercial polystyrenes with three types of tacticities (syndiotactic, isotactic, atactic) using boron reagents is reported. The boronate ester group in the polystyrene was further converted to hydroxy and arene via oxidation and Suzuki−Miyaura cross-coupling, respectively. These functionalizations proceeded without affecting the tacticity or chain length of the starting polymer, and the functional group concentration was easily controlled by changing the ratio of boron reagent to polymer repeating unit. The size and concentration of the functional group in the syndiotactic polystyrenes were found to have huge impacts on the thermal properties of the functionalized polymers. The incorporation of even a small amount (<5 mol %) of the bulky boronate ester group induced complete disappearance of crystallinity for the boryl-functionalized syndiotactic polystyrene. The high crystallinity and melting temperature of syndiotactic polystyrene were not significantly changed, however, until 10 mol % hydroxy group was incorporated into the polymer, presumably owing to the small size of hydroxy group.
[A strain of Cowdria ruminantium isolated in Guadeloupe (French West Indies)]. (1985)

Une souche de Cowdria ruminantium isolee en Guadeloupe (Antilles) a ete comparee, dans des tests d'immunite croisee chez des petits ruminants, a la souche de reference sud-africaine 3, a une souche du Soudan(Umm Banein) et a une souche sud-africaine pathogene pour la souris (Kwanyanga). La souche antillaise ne se distingue pas sur ce point des souches Ball 3 et Umm Banein et montre une certaine difference avec la souche Kwanyanga, semblable a celle trouvee par d'autres chercheurs entre les souches Ball 3 et Kwanyanga. La souche antillaise s'est montree tres pathogene pour la chevre neerlandaise, et la maladie causee par cette souche s'est revelee plus difficile a guerir par l'oxytetracycline que celle causee par la souche Ball 3 et la souche Kwanyanga. Les tiques Amblyomma variegatum, A. hebraeum et A. maculatum ont transmis la souche antillaise; les experiences de transmission par A. americanum, A. cajennense, A. neumanni et A. imitator ont donne des resultats negatifs. La souche antillaise ne s'est pas montree pathogene pour la souris et n'a pas pu etre retrouvee apres deux passages chez la souris (une seule experience)
Electrochemical and vibrational spectroscopic studies of coadsorption: the formation of mixed monolayers of methylene blue and long-chain dithioethers at sulfur-modified polycrystalline gold surfaces (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical and vibrational spectroscopic studies of coadsorption: the formation of mixed monolayers of methylene blue and long-chain dithioethers at sulfur-modified polycrystalline gold surfacesBarbara J. Barner and Robert M. CornCite this: Langmuir 1990, 6, 5, 1023–1030Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00095a024https://doi.org/10.1021/la00095a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A <i>Candida albicans</i> CRISPR system permits genetic engineering of essential genes and gene families (2015)

<i>Candida albicans</i> is a pathogenic yeast that causes mucosal and systematic infections with high mortality. The absence of facile molecular genetics has been a major impediment to analysis of pathogenesis. The lack of meiosis coupled with the absence of plasmids makes genetic engineering cumbersome, especially for essential functions and gene families. We describe a <i>C. albicans</i> CRISPR system that overcomes many of the obstacles to genetic engineering in this organism. The high frequency with which CRISPR-induced mutations can be directed to target genes enables easy isolation of homozygous gene knockouts, even without selection. Moreover, the system permits the creation of strains with mutations in multiple genes, gene families, and genes that encode essential functions. This CRISPR system is also effective in a fresh clinical isolate of undetermined ploidy. Our method transforms the ability to manipulate the genome of <i>Candida</i> and provides a new window into the biology of this pathogen.
New Room-Temperature Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals –Material Constants and Electro-Optic Properties– (1985)

A binary ferroelectric liquid-crystal mixture having both room-temperature ferroelectricity and a large spontaneous polarization has been developed. The temperature range is from 20°C to 34°C. The spontaneous polarization is almost the same value, 4 nC/cm 2 , as that in DOBAMBC. Five material constants for the mixture; the transition temperature, spontaneous polarization, helical pitch, tilt angle and birefringence, are reported. A guest-host-type device was fabricated using the mixture, and some potential problems in the application of the materials to electro-optical switching devices are pointed out on the basis of the optical properties of this device.
Ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of proteins by combination with the thio-NAD cycling method (2014)

An ultrasensitive method for the determination of proteins is described that combines an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling method. A sandwich method using a primary and a secondary antibody for antigens is employed in an ELISA. An androsterone derivative, 3α-hydroxysteroid, is produced by the hydrolysis of 3α-hydroxysteroid 3-phosphate with alkaline phosphatase linked to the secondary antibody. This 3α-hydroxysteroid is oxidized to a 3-ketosteroid by 3α- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD) with a cofactor thio-NAD. By the opposite reaction, the 3-ketosteroid is reduced to a 3α-hydroxysteroid by 3α-HSD with a cofactor NADH. During this cycling reaction, thio-NADH accumulates in a quadratic function-like fashion. Accumulated thio-NADH can be measured directly at an absorbance of 400 nm without any interference from other cofactors. These features enable us to detect a target protein with ultrasensitivity (10(-19) mol/assay) by measuring the cumulative quantity of thio-NADH. Our ultrasensitive determination of proteins thus allows for the detection of small amounts of proteins only by the application of thio-NAD cycling reagents to the usual ELISA system.
Acceptability and antioxidant properties of a semi-dried and smoked tomato product (2009)

Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) are good sources of antioxidants, such as lycopene, which have been shown to be beneficial for health. Careful drying of tomatoes can concentrate antioxidants and provide a tasty food product that can help to reduce the incidence of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Semi-drying to a final dry matter content of 20 % at 40°C followed by smoking was used to produce a new tomato product. Colour, pH, titratable acidity and lycopene, vitamin C and total phenol content and antioxidant activity of two tomato cultivars (Caluna and Toronto) were determined on fresh, dried or smoked samples and on final products made from the two different cultivars. The pH of the fresh and final products were very similar (overall mean 4.43±0.02) while the titratable acidity of the final product increased to a mean of 1.24 % citric acid compared to the fresh tissue mean of 0.47 % citric acid. The drying process increased the extracted lycopene content from a mean of 94.4 mg/100 g DM in the fresh tomatoes to 126.4 mg/100 g DM in the semi-dried tomatoes. In contrast, the total phenols were reduced from a mean of 255 mg GAE/100 g DM in the fresh tomatoes to a mean of 214 mg GAE/100 g DM in the semi-dried tomatoes. The mean vitamin C content of the fresh tissue was 313 mg/100 g DM with 32 mg/100 g DM retained in the dried tissue. The overall mean antioxidant capacity of the dried product was increased by the drying and processing treatments to a mean of 2373 ABTS (µM Trolox/100 g DM). Measurement of the colour of the dried products showed the typical red colour of the tomatoes was retained during processing. Panellists evaluated three tomato products made from the cultivars Caluna and Toronto for appearance, colour, taste and overall acceptance. In contrast to many commercial products, the colour of the new tomato products was similar to the
Read-Out Design Rules for Molecular Crossbar Architectures (2008)

This paper investigates the behavior of large-scale crossbar memory arrays, built from molecular switches. We construct SPICE models based on experimental I(V) curves and investigate how critical circuit parameters (read-out margin, power dissipation, and speed) scale with circuit size. We concentrate on the read-out process. We explore the effect of nonlinear/rectifying elements placed at the junctions and conclude that scalable crossbar memories could be built using molecules with nonlinear, nonrectifying behavior in the molecular I(V) curve. The ultimate achievable storage capacity of these arrays is estimated and prescriptions for optimized molecular switches are provided.
Engagement of the adhesion receptor CD22 triggers a potent stimulatory signal for B cells and blocking CD22/CD22L interactions impairs T-cell proliferation (1996)

The B-lymphocyte-restricted adhesion protein CD22 mediates sialic acid-dependent cell-cell interactions. Engagement of CD22 on B lymphocytes with a CD22 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) HB22.7 that blocks the binding of CD22 to its ligand(s) directly stimulated B-cell proliferation. In addition, the HB22.7 MoAb costimulated B-cell proliferation with either anti-IgM, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or CD40 and triggered predominantly B-cell IgG secretion with IL-2. Even more striking levels of B-cell proliferation occurred with HB22.7 MoAb under culture conditions that enhanced B-B-cell interactions. In contrast, a nonblocking CD22 MoAb (CD22.5) poorly costimulated in similar experiments. The functional differences between the two antibodies likely result from differing abilities to trigger downstream signaling events as significant differences in CD22 tyrosine phosphorylation and the recruitment of the tyrosine kinase p53/56lyn and the tyrosine phosphatase SH-PTP1C were found. Besides their role in B-cell stimulation, CD22/CD22L interactions may also assist in regulating T-cell proliferation because inhibition of CD22-CD22L engagement with the HB22.7 MoAb impaired T-cell proliferation in a costimulatory assay. Thus, CD22/CD22L interactions result in stimulatory signals for both B and T lymphocytes.
The Poker Chip Game: A Multi-product, Multi-customer, Multi-echelon, Stochastic Supply Chain Network Useful for Teaching the Impacts of Pull versus Push Inventory Policies on Link and Chain Performance (2006)

Supply chain management is a topic that many practitioners and students generally find difficult to understand (Boudette [Boudette, N. 2005. Chrysler offers bonuses to dealers: Move to reduce inventory aims to close year strong, but the reaction is mixed. The Wall Street Journal (December 13)]). The authors present a supply chain game that they have found to be an effective tool to increase student interest in and comprehension of supply chain management. The supply chain game literature is briefly reviewed. The poker chip game is discussed with respect to the well-known Beer Game. The poker chip game is a multi-product, multi-customer, multi-echelon, stochastic supply chain game used to teach the problems of traditional push models (economic order quantity/reorder point and Min-Max inventory models) and the elements of the new pull models (Just inTime and Theory of Constraints).
Column-Based Method to Simultaneously Extract DNA, RNA, and Proteins from the Same Sample (2007)

We describe a procedure for the simultaneous extraction of proteins and nucleic acids from the same experimental sample allowing for direct correlations between genetic, genomic, and proteomic data. This approach, using commercially available column-based nucleic acid extraction kits, requires no hazardous chemicals and is a quick, reliable, and consistent method for concomitant protein extraction. Buffer choice is critical to completely solubilize all proteins in the sample. Proteins solubilized in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer did not represent the entire profile when compared with conventionally extracted proteins using the same buffer at the one-dimensional (1-D) sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) level, however proteins extracted from the columns and solubilized in a two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis lysis buffer showed a similar profile to conventionally extracted proteins when analyzed at both the 1-D and the 2-D level. We further showed that proteins extracted using these methods were compatible with Western blot analysis. This technique provides a simple and effective way to analyze protein and nucleic acids simultaneously from the same sample without affecting yield and quality.
A shape-based object class model for knowledge transfer (2009)

Object class models trained on hundreds or thousands of images have shown to enable robust detection. Transferring knowledge from such models to new object classes trained from a few or even as little as one training instance however is still in its infancy. This paper designs a shape-based model that allows to easily and explicitly transfer knowledge on three different levels: transfer of individual parts' shape and appearance information, transfer of local symmetry between parts, and transfer of part topology. Due to the factorized form of the model, knowledge can either be transferred for the complete model or just partial knowledge corresponding to certain aspects of the model. The experiments clearly demonstrate that the proposed model is competitive with the state-of-the-art and enables both full and partial knowledge transfer.
Mucosal immunity and novel tuberculosis vaccine strategies: route of immunisation-determined T-cell homing to restricted lung mucosal compartments (2015)

Despite the use of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for almost a century, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a serious global health concern. Therefore, there has been a pressing need for the development of new booster vaccines to enhance existing BCG-induced immunity. Protection following mucosal intranasal immunisation with AdHu5Ag85A is associated with the localisation of antigen-specific T-cells to the lung airway. However, parenteral intramuscular immunisation is unable to provide protection despite the apparent presence of antigen-specific T-cells in the lung interstitium. Recent advances in intravascular staining have allowed us to reassess the previously established T-cell distribution profile and its relationship with the observed differential protection. Respiratory mucosal immunisation empowers T-cells to home to both the lung interstitium and the airway lumen, whereas intramuscular immunisation-activated T-cells are largely trapped within the pulmonary vasculature, unable to populate the lung interstitium and airway. Given the mounting evidence supporting the safety and enhanced efficacy of respiratory mucosal immunisation over the traditional parenteral immunisation route, a greater effort should be made to clinically develop respiratory mucosal-deliverable TB vaccines.
<title>High-Accuracy Model Matching For Scenes Containing Man-Made Structures</title> (1979)

A feature-based scene-matching technique is described that was developed for autonomous airborne guidance systems. Reference and sensed models of scenes containing man-made structures are matched using line and vertex features derived from the scenes. Feature weighting, based on model feature content and matchpoint location, is used in performing transformations between the reference and sensed models that lead to high-accuracy matchpoint location in the sensed scene.
Purification and characterization of diacetyl-reducing enzymes from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1988)

A method was developed to purify diacetyl-reducing enzymes from Staphylococcus aureus. Two enzymes capable of catalysing diacetyl reduction were isolated, neither of which turned out to be a specific diacetyl reductase. One of them is a lactate dehydrogenase similar to the one from Staphylococcus epidermidis, which accepts diacetyl, although poorly. The other one uses as coenzyme beta-NAD and reduces uncharged alpha-dicarbonyls with more than three carbon atoms (especially the alpha-diketones diacetyl and pentane-2,3-dione), producing the L(+) form of the corresponding alpha-hydroxycarbonyls. This enzyme has an Mr of 68,000 and is, most probably, a monomer. Its optimum pH is 6.0. Its shows a high affinity for NADH and a rather low one for diacetyl, which, at least in vitro, does not seem to be as good a substrate as pentane-2,3-dione. We propose for it the systematic name L-alpha-hydroxyketone:NAD+ oxidoreductase and the recommended name of alpha-diketone reductase (NAD). We also suggest that the diacetyl reductase entry in the I.U.B. classification be suppressed.
The Why and a Little How--Teaching Reading in the Content Areas. (1977)

One factor is understanding the reasons why the students have reading difficulties, while the other is finding some way to teach the subject content and reading at the same time.
Registration of Multimodal Remote Sensing Image Based on Deep Fully Convolutional Neural Network (2019)

Multimodal image registration is the fundamental technique for scene analysis with series remote sensing images of different spectrum region. Due to the highly nonlinear radiometric relationship, it is quite challenging to find common features between images of different modal types. This paper resorts to the deep neural network, and tries to learn descriptors for multimodal image patch matching, which is the key issue of image registration. A Siamese fully convolutional network is set up and trained with a novel loss function, which adopts the strategy of maximizing the feature distance between positive and hard negative samples. The two branches of the Siamese network are connected by the convolutional operation, resulting in the similarity score between the two input image patches. The similarity score value is used, not only for correspondence point location, but also for outlier identification. A generalized workflow for deep feature based multimodal RS image registration is constructed, including the training data curation, candidate feature point generation, and outlier removal. The proposed network is tested on a variety of optical, near infrared, thermal infrared, SAR, and map images. Experiment results verify the superiority over other state-of-the-art approaches.
Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy (1975)

Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, although it resembles Hodgkin's disease, is a distinct, hyperimmune disorder apparently of the B-cell system. In 32 cases, it was characterized by a morphologic triad: proliferation of arborizing small vessels; prominent immunoblastic proliferations; and amorphous acidophilic interstitial material. Clinically, it is manifested by fever, sweats, weight loss, occasionally a rash, generalized lymphadenopathy and often hepatosplenomegaly. There is a consistent polyclonal hyperglobulinemia and often hemolytic anemia. The course of the disease is usually progressive, with a median survival of 15 months in 18 fatal cases. The cellular proliferation appears benign morphologically in the pretherapy biopsies and in 10 of 12 available autopsy cases. In three cases the process evolved into a lymphoma of immunoblasts, immunoblastic sarcoma. The basic process appears to be a non-neoplastic hyperimmune proliferation of the B-cell system involving an exaggeration of lymphocyte transformation to immunoblasts and plasma cells that may be triggered by a hypersensitivity reaction to therapeutic agents.