gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aminolysis Products of 1-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-butene, 1-Hydroxy-2-chloro-3-butene and 1,2-Epoxy-3-butene (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminolysis Products of 1-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-butene, 1-Hydroxy-2-chloro-3-butene and 1,2-Epoxy-3-buteneF. F. Blicke and John H. BielCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 20, 5508–5512Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01577a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01577a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of predictive schemes in pyramidal image coding (2003)

A model of the pyramid encoding generation algorithm is introduced, providing an approximation to the pyramid generation algorithm from which a theoretical expression for the expected prediction error can be derived. An expression for the improvement of the prediction error over standard predictive techniques is also obtained. Experimental results are provided, both to check the derived expressions and to test the method on real images. Quantization errors propagate throughout the pyramid, forcing a layer-dependent quantization mechanism, which is demonstrated. Overall results show good reconstructed images for a bit rate around 0.5 bit/pixel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The developmental genetics of auditory hair cells (2004)

Loss of auditory hair cells (AHCs) is a major cause of human deafness. Considerable effort has been devoted to unraveling how these mechanotransducers of sound are specified, with a view to correcting hearing loss by gene or stem cell therapies. Recent work on signaling cascades, particularly lateral inhibition and planar cell polarity, has begun to tie together some of the known pathways. Mutations in mice and humans that cause hearing and/or balance disorders are also shedding light on how AHCs are specified and, maintained and handle ion flux. Studies on some of these genes are beginning to provide insights into the more complex genetics of later onset forms of hearing loss. Progress has also been made in solving some long-term goals of auditory biology. Cadherin23 has been identified as a component of AHC stereocilia tip links, and progress has been made towards identifying the elusive AHC mechanoreceptor channel. Preliminary steps have also been taken towards inner-ear gene therapy, and in the engineering of embryonic stem cells for eventual cell therapies. Mammals cannot regenerate AHCs, but birds and other lower vertebrates can. Genomic tools have now been brought to bear on this problem with the aim of deciphering the molecular basis of this regenerative capability. The combination of new genomic tools and the many mouse and chicken embryological and genetic resources should increasingly provide new insights into how AHCs are programed and maintained.
Tetrametallic [2 × 1 + 1 × 2], octametallic double-decker–triple-decker [5 × 1 + 3 × 1], hexametallic quadruple-decker and dimetallic-based one-dimensional complexes of copper(ii) and s block metal ions derived from N,N′-ethylenebis(3-ethoxysalicylaldimine) (2010)

In the present investigation, various copper(II)–alkali/alkaline earth metal ion heteronuclear complexes derived from N,N′-ethylenebis(3-ethoxysalicylaldimine) (H2L) have been studied. The syntheses, characterization and crystal structures of three [2 × 1 + 1 × 2] cocrystals [{CuIILLiI(H2O)2}{CuIIL}2](ClO4) (1), [{CuIILNaI(H2O)2}{CuIIL}2](dicyanamide) (2) and [{CuIILMgII(H2O)3}{CuIIL}2](NO3)2·H2O (3), one [3 × 1 + 5 × 1] double-decker–triple-decker cocrystal [{(CuIIL)2KI}(ClO4)]·[{(CuIIL)3KI2(μ-ClO4)}(ClO4)] (4), one dinuclear CuIIKI-based one-dimensional polymer [CuIILKI(μ-PF6)]n (5) and one hexametallic quadruple-decker compound [{(CuIIL)2RbI(μ-H2O)}2](BPh4)2·2CH3COCH3 (6) are reported. Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 6 crystallize in the triclinic crystal system (space group P), while the crystal systems of 4 and 5 are monoclinic (space group C2/c) and orthorhombic (space group P212121), respectively. The cocrystallization in 1–3 takes place through the encapsulation of coordinated water molecules into the O4 compartment of two mononuclear [CuIIL] moieties; both the coordinated water molecules are involved in the case of 1 and 2, while 2 of the 3 coordinated water molecules are involved for 3. In 4, the potassium(I) centre in the double-decker moiety is sandwiched in between two mononuclear [CuIIL] moieties, while each of the two potassium(I) centres in the triple-decker moiety are sandwiched in between a pair of two [CuIIL] moieties. The two potassium(I) centres in the triple-decker moiety are bridged by a perchlorate anion. In 5, two cis fluorine atoms from the hexafluorophosphate anion bridge the potassium(I) centres of the neighbouring dinuclear CuIIKI units to build up a one-dimensional polymer. The quadruple-decker hexanuclear [{(CuIIL)2RbI(μ-H2O)}2]2+ dication in 6 can be considered to consist of two trinuclear double-decker [(CuIIL)2RbI]+ moieties, interlinked by two bridging water molecules. Structural resemblance between the structures formed with LiI, NaI and MgII and those with 3d metal ions, the anion dependence of the topology of the copper(II)–potassium(I) complexes, cocrystallization in the presence of the potentially bridging dicyanamide anion, the first report of a one-dimensional polymer derived from H2L and an interesting example of a quadruple-decker complex, are the major outcomes of the present investigation. All in all, structural diversity in the H2L ligand system has been further enriched by some interesting structures in the present investigation.
Comparative localization of carboxylesterase in F344 rat, Beagle dog, and human nasal tissue (1994)

The data indicate that the distribution of CE is very similar in healthy nasal mucosae across the three species studied. However, the loss of CE immunoreactivity correlated with nasal epithelial lesions in the human samples suggests enzymatic activity may be compromised by insults to nasal tissues. Further studies of CE activity in animals following nasal insult could improve the ability to predict human responses to inhaled esters.
Tubers from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex are characterized by changes in microtubule biology through <scp>ROCK2</scp> signalling (2014)

Most patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) develop cortical tubers that cause severe neurological disabilities. It has been suggested that defects in neuronal differentiation and/or migration underlie the appearance of tubers. However, the precise molecular alterations remain largely unknown. Here, by combining cytological and immunohistochemical analyses of tubers from nine TSC patients (four of them diagnosed with TSC2 germline mutations), we show that alteration of microtubule biology through ROCK2 signalling contributes to TSC neuropathology. All tubers showed a larger number of binucleated neurons than expected relative to control cortex. An excess of normal and altered cytokinetic figures was also commonly observed. Analysis of centrosomal markers suggested increased microtubule nucleation capacity, which was supported by the analysis of an expression dataset from cortical tubers and control cortex, and subsequently linked to under-expression of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase 2 (ROCK2). Thus, augmented microtubule nucleation capacity was observed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human fibroblasts deficient in the Tsc2/TSC2 gene product, tuberin. Consistent with ROCK2 under-expression, microtubule acetylation was found to be increased with tuberin deficiency; this alteration was abrogated by rapamycin treatment and mimicked by HDAC6 inhibition. Together, the results of this study support the hypothesis that loss of TSC2 expression can alter microtubule organization and dynamics, which, in turn, deregulate cell division and potentially impair neuronal differentiation.
Three-phase AC-DC solid-state transformer for low-voltage DC power distribution applications (2016)

A topology based on an interleaved modular multilevel converter is presented as a step-down solid-state transformer (SST) for low-voltage DC power distribution applications. Interleaving reduces the currents stresses through the legs of the modular multilevel converter, which is responsible for the voltage modulation across the submodules. The medium-frequency transformer provides galvanic isolation and operates at 10 kHz, allowing weight and volume reduction, while connecting the interleaved modular multilevel converter at the high voltage side to a full-bridge converter at the low voltage side. This topology operates as a dual-active bridge converter where the phase-shift angle controls the bidirectional power flow. The topology is suitable for a wide range of medium-voltage applications such as AC or DC distributed power systems, traction and renewable energy systems. The converter features, modulation technique and control scheme are presented. The topology validation is made through simulation considering a three-phase converter rated at 13.8 kV/60 Hz, four submodules whose switching frequency is 10 kHz, 11.27-kV/800-V, 10-kHz medium frequency transformer, output voltage of 800 Vdc and rated power of 100 kW.
Gene 33/Mig-6, a Transcriptionally Inducible Adapter Protein That Binds GTP-Cdc42 and Activates SAPK/JNK (2000)

Chronic stresses, including the mechanical strain caused by hypertension or excess pulmonary ventilation pressure, lead to important clinical consequences, including hypertrophy and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pathologic hypertrophy contributes to decreased organ function and, ultimately, organ failure; and cardiac and diabetic renal hypertrophy are major causes of morbidity and morality in the developed world. Likewise, acute respiratory distress syndrome is a serious potential side effect of mechanical pulmonary ventilation. Whereas the deleterious effects of chronic stress are well established, the molecular mechanisms by which these stresses affect cell function are still poorly characterized. gene 33 (also called mitogen-inducible gene-6, mig-6) is an immediate early gene that is transcriptionally induced by a divergent array of extracellular stimuli. The physiologic function of Gene 33 is unknown. Here we show that gene 33 mRNA levels increase sharply in response to a set of commonly occurring chronic stress stimuli: mechanical strain, vasoactive peptides, and diabetic nephropathy. Induction of gene 33 requires the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs)/c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinases. This expression pattern suggests that gene 33 is a potential marker for diabetic nephropathy and other pathologic responses to persistent sublethal stress. The structure of Gene 33 indicates an adapter protein capable of binding monomeric GTPases of the Rho subfamily. Consistent with this, Gene 33 interacts in vivo and, in a GTP-dependent manner, in vitro with Cdc42Hs; and transient expression of Gene 33 results in the selective activation of the SAPKs. These results imply a reciprocal, positive feedback relationship between Gene 33 expression and SAPK activation. Expression of Gene 33 at sufficient levels may enable a compensatory reprogramming of cellular function in response to chronic stress, which may have pathophysiological consequences.
M13 Bacteriophage as Materials for Amplified Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Protein Sensing (2013)

Because of their unique properties, nanomaterials have been actively investigated in recent years for biosensing applications. A typical approach for biomarker detection is to attach capture or detection antibodies to nanomaterials, allow the analyte to bind, and measure the resulting change in signal. While antibodies or aptamers possess at most one binding site each for the nanomaterial and analyte, it is shown that the high surface area filamentous M13 bacteriophage can be utilized as a scaffold for generating an amplified signal. Since only a few proteins at the tip of the micrometer‐long virus are involved in antigen binding, the rest of the bacteriophage can be augmented with hundreds of functional groups, each of which can bind to a specific nanomaterial. It is demonstrated that the combination of DNA‐modified M13 bacteriophage and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) active nanoparticles can be used to produce exponential gains in Raman signal compared to that of antibodies at the same antigen concentration. Because of these high sensitivities, Raman measurements can be made directly from individual silica microparticles, potentially enabling future single step identification and analysis of different proteins in complex mixtures, while avoiding additional processing steps or prepatterned microarrays.
Traveling-Wave Tube Noise Figure (1952)

The reduction of shot noise by space charge at high frequencies in a parallel-plane diode was predicted by Rack. Neglecting space charge and circuit loss, Pierce has employed Rack's method in estimating the noise figure of the traveling-wave tube. In the present paper, use is made of the Hahn-Ramo space-charge waves together with Pierce's theory to show that the noise convection current has maxima and minima along the stream. Cutler and Quate have described an experiment in which these space-charge waves of noise were observed experimentally. The present analysis shows that there is an optimum location of the traveling-wave tube circuit entrance with respect to the space-charge waves for minimum noise figure. The magnitude of this minimum and the optimum position are presented graphically as functions of space charge and circuit loss. It is then shown that passing the electron stream through a short nonresonant gap which suddenly accelerates the electrons causes a further reduction in the tube noise figure if the gap is placed at one of the noise-convection current minima between the electron gun and the circuit entrance. It is also possible to use two properly placed voltage jumps for noise-figure reduction. An experimental tube of the latter type is described which verifies the theory. The data obtained from this tube agree reasonably well with the theoretical predictions.
Daily Movements, Space Use, and Habitat Selection of GPS‐tagged Northern Bobwhite in Texas (2020)

ABSTRACT Detailed information on movements, space use, and habitat selection patterns by northern bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus ; hereafter, bobwhite) is important for understanding population dynamics, gene flow, disease spread, and development of habitat management activities. Advances in Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has allowed researchers to collect spatial and temporal location data with increasing accuracy, which in turn has shifted the resolution at which habitat evaluations and management focus can occur. Only recently have GPS tags been deployable for small ground‐nesting birds. We conducted a preliminary examination of the spatial ecology of 74 bobwhites equipped with GPS tags during breeding and covey season on 3 private properties in north‐central Texas, USA, during 2015–2017. Specifically, we derived daily estimates of core area and range size using dynamic Brownian bridge movement models, daily distance traveled, and distance between consecutive roost sites. Bobwhites tended to move more during breeding than covey season. Consecutive roost sites were, on average, approximately 130 m apart. Daily core area and home range size of bobwhites across the calendar year were 1.99 ± 0.13 and 6.29 ± 0.85 ha, respectively. During the breeding season, bobwhites avoided hardwood communities and showed no selection or avoidance of shrub, grass, and herbaceous communities. During covey season, bobwhites selected for herbaceous, grass, and hardwood communities, and neither selected nor avoided shrub communities. Global Positioning System data on a variety of species has become the primary information used for habitat and conservation management decisions, therefore, future research on bobwhite will include the application of GPS, which our results show can increase the temporal resolution of information and be used for habitat conservation and restoration actions. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Kinetics of Deposit Formation from Hydrocarbon Fuels at High Temperatures. General Features of the Process (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of Deposit Formation from Hydrocarbon Fuels at High Temperatures. General Features of the ProcessW. F. Talyor and T. J. WallaceCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1967, 6, 4, 258–262Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360024a012https://doi.org/10.1021/i360024a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Comparison of consumer purchase intention between interactive and augmented reality shopping platforms through statistical analyses (2015)

The objective of this study is to explore the effectiveness of three digital shopping platforms (Plain Interactive, Marker-based Augmented Reality and Markerless Augmented Reality), on the impressions and purchase intentions of consumers. The study is mainly interested in analysing whether intelligent shopping platforms with AR elements provide any added advantage to an advertised product in the form of favourable attitude or a stronger purchase impulse. During the tests with the three shopping platforms, quantitative data was collected via computerised questionnaire. High and Low class users were statistically extracted, corresponding to the high or low probability to buy or recommend the advertised brand. The results show that Markerless AR system clearly outperforms the Marker-based AR and the Plain Interactive in terms of positive attitude from the users. The second better performing system is the Marker-based AR, which closely follows the Markerless AR, while the Plain Interactive system obtains least approval.
Synthesis of Diverse Indene Derivatives from 1-Diazonaphthalen-2(1<i>H</i>)-ones via Thermal Cascade Reactions (2013)

A sequential Wolff rearrangement of 1-diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones followed by trapping of the ketene intermediate with primary and aromatic amines or alcohols and phenols in the presence of various aldehydes generates 1H-indene-3-carboxamides or 1H-indene-3-carboxylates. This constitutes an unprecedented three-component coupling reaction that allows for the synthesis of functionalized indene derivatives under catalyst-free thermal conditions.
Fixing of Photopolymer Holograms* (1971)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. A. Jenney, "Fixing of Photopolymer Holograms*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 1116-1117 (1971) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Preparation and properties of chimeric toxins prepared from the constituent polypeptides of diphtheria toxin and ricin. Evidence for entry of ricin A-chain via the diphtheria toxin pathway. (1982)

A highly toxic conjugate of ricin A-chain and diphtheria toxin fragment B was prepared by disulfide exchange reaction. A similar conjugate between diphtheria toxin fragment A and ricin B-chain was nontoxic. Like native diphtheria toxin, the conjugate ricin A/diphtheria toxin B was much more toxic to Vero than to HeLa cells. Ricin was equally toxic to these cell lines. Lactose, which inhibits ricin binding, did not protect against the conjugate. Cells resistant to ricin, partly due to a reduced number of ricin-binding sites, were fully sensitive to the conjugate, indicating that the conjugate binds to diphtheria toxin receptors. The conjugate was fully toxic to two Vero cell mutants, resistant to diphtheria toxin because the elongation factor 2 could not be ADP-ribosylated by the diphtheria toxin A-fragment. Therefore, the inhibition of protein synthesis by the conjugate must be caused by the ricin A-chain. Ammonium chloride which prevents entry of diphtheria toxin, but not of ricin, also protected against the conjugate. Like diphtheria toxin, the conjugate was most toxic at low pH, whereas ricin is most active at pH above neutrality and inactive at low pH. The results indicate that the conjugate ricin A/diphtheria toxin B binds to diphtheria toxin receptors and inhibits cellular protein synthesis due to the action of ricin A-chain which appears to enter the cell by the diphtheria toxin pathway.
Penicillin-binding proteins and β-lactam resistance (2008)

A number of ways and means have evolved to provide resistance to eubacteria challenged by beta-lactams. This review is focused on pathogens that resist by expressing low-affinity targets for these antibiotics, the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Even within this narrow focus, a great variety of strategies have been uncovered such as the acquisition of an additional low-affinity PBP, the overexpression of an endogenous low-affinity PBP, the alteration of endogenous PBPs by point mutations or homologous recombination or a combination of the above.