gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two New Approaches for Patterning Polymer Films Using Templates Prepared by Microcontact Printing (2001)

Two new methods for preparing micron-scale patterns of hyperbranched polymer films are reported. Both approaches rely on passivation of a reactive surface by microcontact printing (μ-CP) followed by polymer grafting to unpassivated regions of the surface. The first method involves patterning of a hyperbranched polymer composite film containing poly(amidoamine) dendrimers and Gantrez (an active anhydride copolymer) onto Au. These structures are prepared by partial passivation of an Au surface with an n-hexadecanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) using μ-CP, followed by multiple covalent grafting iterations of the dendrimer/Gantrez polymer film onto the unpassivated regions. The second patterning method involves partial passivation of an activated mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) SAM, followed by modification of the unpassivated SAM with a layered poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PAA/PEG) nanocomposite. The approach for fabricating these structures consists of formation of an activated MUA SAM, μ-CP of n-hexadecylamine (C16NH2) to partially passivate the MUA SAM, and sequential covalent grafting of PAA and then PEG onto the unpassivated regions. Ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared−external reflection spectroscopy (FTIR-ERS), optical microscopy, and tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) provide evidence for the viability of these methods. For both types of films, lines of polymer having lateral dimensions of ∼20 μm and edge resolutions of <1 μm are obtained. The polymer thicknesses are on the order of 20−50 nm depending on the number of iterative polymer grafting steps.
Copy-move forgery detection based on PHT (2012)

Copy-move is one of the most common method for image tampering. Many methods have been proposed to detect the tampered regions. However, it is hard to detect the tampered regions when they are rotated before being pasted. To solve the problem, this paper presents a novel approach for detecting region-duplication forgery with rotation. Polar Harmonic Transform (PHT) is employed to extract the features of the circular blocks, which are then used to perform block matching. Experimental results show that the proposed method is not only robust to added noise and JPEG compression, but also robust to object rotation. Simulation results demonstrate the performances of the proposed scheme.
Body weight-supported gait training for restoration of walking in people with an incomplete spinal cord injury : a systematic review (2010)

Subjects with subacute motor incomplete spinal cord injury reached a higher level of independent walking after over-ground training, compared with body weight-supported treadmill training. More randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the effectiveness of body weight-supported gait training on walking, activities of daily living, and quality of life for subgroups of persons with an incomplete spinal cord injury.
Selective progressive response of soil microbial community to wild oat roots (2008)

Roots moving through soil induce physical and chemical changes that differentiate rhizosphere from bulk soil, and the effects of these changes on soil microorganisms have long been a topic of interest. The use of a high-density 16S rRNA microarray (PhyloChip) for bacterial and archaeal community analysis has allowed definition of the populations that respond to the root within the complex grassland soil community; this research accompanies compositional changes reported earlier, including increases in chitinase- and protease-specific activity, cell numbers and quorum sensing signal. PhyloChip results showed a significant change compared with bulk soil in relative abundance for 7% of the total rhizosphere microbial community (147 of 1917 taxa); the 7% response value was confirmed by16S rRNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. This PhyloChip-defined dynamic subset was comprised of taxa in 17 of the 44 phyla detected in all soil samples. Expected rhizosphere-competent phyla, such as Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, were well represented, as were less-well-documented rhizosphere colonizers including Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Nitrospira. Richness of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased in soil near the root tip compared with bulk soil, but then increased in older root zones. Quantitative PCR revealed rhizosphere abundance of beta-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria at about 10(8) copies of 16S rRNA genes per g soil, with Nitrospira having about 10(5) copies per g soil. This report demonstrates that changes in a relatively small subset of the soil microbial community are sufficient to produce substantial changes in functions observed earlier in progressively more mature rhizosphere zones.
Physical Aging of Glassy Polymers: Effects of Subsidiary Relaxation Processes (1979)

As discussed previously (1-8), glassy, or partially glassy, polymers prepared under normal conditions have excess thermodynamic properties because of the kinetic aspects of the glass transformation process. As a consequence of this thermodynamic potential, the physical properties of glassy polymers change with time and approach those of the corresponding equilibrium glassy state, the rate of change being commensurate with the level of segmental molecular mobility associated with the rigid matrix. In parallel with small changes in the thermodynamic state of glassy polymers on aging or annealing, rather profound changes have been observed in some of the mechanical properties (8-17). Especially noteworthy is the loss of general ductile behavior that has been documented for many polymers on aging or annealing at temperatures below their respective glass-transition temperatures (8-17). Of particular concern in studies of processes, especially diffusion-controlled processes (18), taking place in rigid environments are matrix-viscosity effects attributable to changes in
Pattern-Identification Study of the Flow in Proximity of a Plasma Actuator (2009)

In order to better understand transition delay using Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuators, investigations into the spatial velocity distribution produced by such an actuator in quiescent air have been performed. The velocity fields in the proximity of the actuator are obtained by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV). The experiments have been conducted for several electrode sizes, modulation frequencies and actuator voltages. In the vicinity of the upper electrode the existence of a recirculation zone and fluctuations that lead to instabilities in laminar boundary layers have been observed. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is used to identify coherent structures in the flow and in the plasma itself. Flow patterns such as translatory and rotatory fluctuation modes superposed to the mean flow are thereby identified. Correlations between fluctuations of plasma intensity and velocity distribution are also identified. Topological analysis is used to convert the patterns into trajectories of singularities.
Evaluation of serum markers of neuronal damage following severe hypoglycaemia in adults with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (1999)

Any neuronal injury occurring during severe hypoglycaemia that is not associated with persistent neurological deficit is insufficient to provoke elevation of these serum markers. However, the measurement of serum concentrations of NSE and S-100 may have a prognostic role in evaluating clinical outcome following severe hypoglycaemia which is associated with neurological damage.
The Endocannabinoid System: A Look Back and Ahead. (2015)

Over the last few decades research on the cannabinoids has gone through several distinct phases: A. Research on plant cannabinoids (mostly on tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD)) B. Research on endogenous cannabinoids (mostly on anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG)) C. Research on endogenous anandamide-like endogenous fatty acid amides with amino acids and ethanol amines.
Comparison of braking performance by electro-hydraulic ABS and motor torque control for in-wheel electric vehicle (2013)

In this study, a slip control algorithm using motor torque control during the braking of the in-wheel electric vehicle was proposed and an anti-lock brake system (ABS) simulator was developed on the basis of the test results for electro-hydraulic ABS. The slip control algorithm using motor torque control limits the in-wheel motor torque according to road friction coefficient and slip ratio while the ABS prevents locking of the wheel by lowering or raising the brake pressure through solenoid valve control. A MATLAB/Simulink model and a CarSim vehicle model were developed, and the motor torque control and ABS simulator were applied to the MATLAB/Simulink-CarSim co-simulator and compared braking performance.
Zinc binding by the methylation signaling domain of the Escherichia coli Ada protein (1992)

The Escherichia coli Ada protein repairs O6-methylguanine residues and methyl phosphotriesters in DNA by direct transfer of the methyl group to a cysteine residue located in its C- or N-terminal domain, respectively. Methyl transfer to the N-terminal domain causes it to acquire a sequence-specific DNA binding activity, which directs binding to the regulatory region of several methylation-resistance genes. In this paper we show that the N-terminal domain of Ada contains a high-affinity binding site for a single zinc atom, whereas the C-terminal domain is free of zinc. The metal-binding domain is apparently located within the first 92 amino acids of Ada, which contains four conserved cysteine residues. We propose that these four cysteines serve as the zinc ligand residues, coordinating the metal in a tetrahedral arrangement. One of the putative ligand residues, namely, Cys69, also serves as the acceptor site for a phosphotriester-derived methyl group. This raises the possibility that methylation-dependent ligand reorganization about the metal plays a role in the conformational switching mechanism that converts Ada from a non-sequence-specific to a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein.
MicroRNAs: New Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, Therapy Prediction and Therapeutic Tools for Breast Cancer (2015)

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is involved in the initiation and progression of several human cancers, including breast cancer (BC), as strong evidence has been found that miRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. This review presents the state of the art on the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of BC. Based on the results obtained in the last decade, some miRNAs are emerging as biomarkers of BC for diagnosis (i.e., miR-9, miR-10b, and miR-17-5p), prognosis (i.e., miR-148a and miR-335), and prediction of therapeutic outcomes (i.e., miR-30c, miR-187, and miR-339-5p) and have important roles in the control of BC hallmark functions such as invasion, metastasis, proliferation, resting death, apoptosis, and genomic instability. Other miRNAs are of interest as new, easily accessible, affordable, non-invasive tools for the personalized management of patients with BC because they are circulating in body fluids (e.g., miR-155 and miR-210). In particular, circulating multiple miRNA profiles are showing better diagnostic and prognostic performance as well as better sensitivity than individual miRNAs in BC. New miRNA-based drugs are also promising therapy for BC (e.g., miR-9, miR-21, miR34a, miR145, and miR150), and other miRNAs are showing a fundamental role in modulation of the response to other non-miRNA treatments, being able to increase their efficacy (e.g., miR-21, miR34a, miR195, miR200c, and miR203 in combination with chemotherapy).
Space-variant processing of 1-D signals (1977)

Two general schemes for 1-D space-variant processing are proposed. The direct output display scheme gives the space-variant system output along a line in the processor's output plane. The output spectrum display scheme directly computes the space-variant system's output spectrum. Both of these schemes utilize a 1-D input and a line spread function mask. Example applications and experimental results are also presented.
The relationship between forward head posture and temporomandibular disorders. (1995)

This study investigated the relationship between forward head posture and temporomandibular disorder symptoms. Thirty-three temporomandibular disorder patients with predominant complaints of masticatory muscle pain were compared with an age- and gender-matched control group. Head position was measured from photographs taken with a plumb line drawn from the ceiling to the lateral malleolus of the ankle and with a horizontal plane that was perpendicular to the plumb line and that passed through the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra. The distances from the plumb line to the ear, to the seventh vertebra, and to the shoulder were measured. Two angles were also measured: (1) ear-seventh cervical vertebra-horizontal plane and (2) eye-ear-seventh cervical vertebra. The only measurement that revealed a statistically significant difference was angle ear-seventh cervical vertebra-horizontal plane. This angle was smaller in the patients with temporomandibular disorders than in the control subjects. In other words, when evaluating the ear position with respect to the seventh cervical vertebra, the head was positioned more forward in the group with temporomandibular disorders than in the control group (P < .05).
Elevated temperature reactive ion etching of GaAs and AlGaAs in C2H6/H2 (1989)

The etch rate, surface morphology and atomic composition, and depth of hydrogen passivation of Si dopants in n-type GaAs and AlGaAs have been examined as a function of the temperature of the sample during reactive ion etching in C2H6/H2. While there is no temperature dependence of the etch rate of AlGaAs over the range 50–350 °C, the etching of GaAs shows an increase of a factor of 2 between 150 and 250 °C, decreasing at higher temperatures. The As-to-Ga ratio in the near-surface region of GaAs remains unchanged over the whole temperature range investigated and there is no polymer deposition. The etched surface morphology is smooth for both GaAs and AlGaAs for all temperatures while the depth of Si dopant passivation by hydrogen shows an increase with increasing substrate temperature during the etching treatment.
Embedding the Internet: Squeezing TCP/IP into an 8-Bit Micro-Controller (1999)

As the ubiquity of the Internet increases there is a demand to make more devices Internet friendly. This means pushing resource limits to create TCP/IP network stacks for smaller and cheaper embedded processors. This paper describes the experience of the author in developing a TCP/IP stack to enable a web server in an extremely resource constrained 8-bit micro-controller. The micro-controller in question is from the Scenix SX series and has 256 bytes of RAM and 4K words of program memory. This device was chosen because of its small physical size coupled with a relatively high computational power (50 MIPS at 5OMH2). A usable TCP/IP network stack requires several protocols to be implemented: TCP, IP and ICMP. A UDP implementation was also developed for use in simpler command and control applications. For the physical interface both the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and IEEE 802.3 Ethernet have been implemented. Fitting the network stack into such a resource constrained device has necessitated several tradeoffs and limitations. However, a key requirement was that the stack be RFC compliant and inter-operate with any other TCP/IP implementation. This paper describes where the tradeoffs were made, why they were made and how RFC compliance was maintained.
Altered mRNA expression for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and type II calcium/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in the hippocampus of patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (2000)

The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the alpha subunit of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II mRNA in hippocampi obtained during surgical resections for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy were examined. Both calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are localized heavily within the hippocampus and have been implicated in regulating hippocampal activity (Kang and Schuman [1995] Science 267:1658-1662; Suzuki [1994] Intl J Biochem 26:735-744). Also, the autocrine and paracrine actions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor within the central nervous system make it a likely candidate for mediating morphologic changes typically seen in the epileptic hippocampus. Quantitative assessments of mRNA levels in epileptic hippocampi relative to autopsy controls were made by using normalized densitometric analysis of in situ hybridization. In addition, correlations between clinical data and mRNA levels were studied. Relative to autopsy control tissue, decreased hybridization to mRNA of the alpha subunit of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and increased hybridization to brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA were found throughout the granule cells of the epileptic hippocampus. There also was a significant negative correlation between the duration of epilepsy and the expression of mRNA for brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These results are similar qualitatively to those found in animal models of epilepsy and suggest that chronic seizure activity in humans leads to persistent alterations in gene expression. Furthermore, these alterations in gene expression may play a role in the etiology of the epileptic condition.
Cross-talk noise analysis in hologram memory with hybrid multiplexing of the Hadamard phase code and wavelength (1999)

The cross-talk noise in hologram memory is analyzed with hybrid multiplexing of the Hadamard phase code and wavelength. The minimum wavelength differences required for obtaining a given signal-to-noise ratio are calculated, as well as the optimum angle between the signal and reference beams for this hybrid multiplexing scheme. Hybrid multiplexing with sufficient wavelength difference is a good method for memory extension in the case of limited-pixel-number spatial light modulators.
Mutant and Infectious Prion Proteins Display Common Biochemical Properties in Cultured Cells (1996)

Prion diseases are unusual neurodegenerative disorders that can be both infectious and inherited. Both forms are hypothesized to result from a posttranslational structural alteration in the cell surface glycoprotein PrPc (cellular isoform of the prion protein) that converts it into the protease-resistant isoform PrPSc (scrapie isoform of the prion protein). However, a direct comparison of molecular events underlying these two manifestations of prion diseases has not been possible, because there has been no cell culture model for the familial forms. We report here that when mutant prion proteins associated with three different inherited prion disorders of humans are expressed as their murine homologues in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells, the proteins are protease-resistant and detergent-insoluble, two biochemical properties characteristic of infectious PrPSc. In addition, each mutant protein remains tightly associated with the plasma membrane after enzymatic cleavage of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, a property that we now show is also typical of infectious PrPSc. The cell culture system described here is the first in vitro model for familial prion diseases and provides compelling evidence that infectious and genetic cases share common molecular features.
Determination of Height, Weight, Body Mass Index, and Body Surface Area with a Single Abdominal CT Image (2003)

Techniques for estimation of an individual's height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA) with a single abdominal computed tomographic (CT) image were developed. Eighty-seven abdominal CT examinations performed in adult humans were analyzed. Anatomic structures were outlined on the CT section that included L1. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to derive sex-specific predictive equations. Correlation for height was good (r > 0.65). Relationship between predicted weight and actual weight was good (r > 0.93). For BMI and BSA, r was greater than 0.893 and greater than 0.895, respectively. In this study, predictive equations for height, weight, BMI, and BSA were generated.
Recovery of rare earths from the green lamp phosphor LaPO<sub>4</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup>,Tb<sup>3+</sup> (LAP) by dissolution in concentrated methanesulphonic acid (2018)

A process was developed for the recovery of rare earths from terbium-rich lamp phosphor waste. The process consists of a solvometallurgical leaching step with concentrated methanesulphonic acid (MSA) at temperatures between 433 K to 473 K, followed by solvent extraction with the acidic extractant di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). Preliminary tests were performed on a synthetic lamp phosphor (LaPO<sub>4</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup>,Tb<sup>3+</sup>, LAP). The optimised conditions were afterwards applied to a real lamp phosphor waste residue, that was obtained after removal of yttrium and europium from lamp phosphor waste powder by a hydrometallurgical process. The leaching can be carried out at lower temperatures than digestion in concentrated sulphuric acid or fused alkali. The process takes advantage of the much higher solubility of the rare-earth methanesulphonates compared to the corresponding sulphates, so that solvent extraction can be performed directly on the leachate after dilution, without the need of several additional steps to convert the rare-earth sulphates into chlorides or nitrates.
Noam Chomsky. Some Concepts and Consequences of the Theory of Government and Binding. Linguistic Inquiry Monograph No. 6. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Pp. viii + 110 (1983)

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Architectural tradeoffs for reconfigurable dense wavelength-division multiplexing systems (2006)

Advances in optical technology now allow practical reconfigurable wavelength networks to be constructed. These networks use wavelength-switching components to dynamically route wavelengths, and provide a level of flexibility and scalability previously not possible. Other components such as low-noise optical amplifiers, electronic dispersion compensators, and advanced modulation techniques simplify system operation, increase capacity, and extend reach. From an application perspective, the architecture of optical transport networks is evolving based on the requirement to support a higher bandwidth access infrastructure. The network architecture also needs to provide the flexibility to incrementally expand on the basis of customer demand and to provide key features such as optical broadcast to lower the cost of video services. The development of new architectures for optical transport networks and how these networks are influenced by critical system parameters and emerging component technologies is reviewed