gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
end5, end6, and end7: mutations that cause actin delocalization and block the internalization step of endocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1995)

Four mutants defective in endocytosis were isolated by screening a collection of temperature-sensitive yeast mutants. Three mutations define new END genes: end5-1, end6-1, and end7-1. The fourth mutation is in END4, a gene identified previously. The end5-1, end6-1, and end7-1 mutations do not affect vacuolar protein localization, indicating that the defect in each mutant is specific for internalization at the plasma membrane. Interestingly, localization of actin patches on the plasma membrane is affected in each of the mutants. end5-1, end6-1, and end7-1 are allelic to VRP1, RVS161, and ACT1, respectively. VRP1 and RVS161 are required for correct actin localization and ACT1 encodes actin. To our surprise, the end6-1 mutation fails to complement the act1-1 mutation. Disruption of the RVS167 gene, which is homologous to END6/RVS161 and which is also required for correct actin localization, also blocks endocytosis. The end7-1 mutant allele has a glycine 48 to aspartic acid substitution in the DNase I-binding loop of actin. We propose that Vrp1p, Rvs161p, and Rvs167p are components of a cytoskeletal structure that contains actin and fimbrin and that is required for formation of endocytic vesicles at the plasma membrane.
A high efficiency single chain GaAs MESFET MMIC dual band power amplifier for GSM/DCS handsets (2002)

In this paper, we describe the development of a single chain dual band power amplifier for GSM900/1800 applications. RFIC features include: single input-single output topology, three stages of amplification, switched input and inter-stage matching, positive power control, and negative voltage generation. The chip is fabricated using a high volume ion-implanted 0.5 /spl mu/m GaAs MESFET process and is assembled in a low cost, thermally enhanced SSOP16 plastic package. Typical performance, at +4.8 volts in GSM and DCS bands, is 48% PAE at Pout=+35 dBm and 44% PAE at Pout =+32.5 dBm respectively.
Sebacinales – one thousand and one interactions with land plants (2016)

20 I 21 II 21 III 23 IV 29 V 33 VI 35 36 36 References 36 SUMMARY: Root endophytism and mycorrhizal associations are complex derived traits in fungi that shape plant physiology. Sebacinales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) display highly diverse interactions with plants. Although early-diverging Sebacinales lineages are root endophytes and/or have saprotrophic abilities, several more derived clades harbour obligate biotrophs forming mycorrhizal associations. Sebacinales thus display transitions from saprotrophy to endophytism and to mycorrhizal nutrition within one fungal order. This review discusses the genomic traits possibly associated with these transitions. We also show how molecular ecology revealed the hyperdiversity of Sebacinales and their evolutionary diversification into two sister families: Sebacinaceae encompasses mainly ectomycorrhizal and early-diverging saprotrophic species; the second family includes endophytes and lineages that repeatedly evolved ericoid, orchid and ectomycorrhizal abilities. We propose the name Serendipitaceae for this family and, within it, we transfer to the genus Serendipita the endophytic cultivable species Piriformospora indica and P. williamsii. Such cultivable Serendipitaceae species provide excellent models for root endophytism, especially because of available genomes, genetic tractability, and broad host plant range including important crop plants and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We review insights gained with endophytic Serendipitaceae species into the molecular mechanisms of endophytism and of beneficial effects on host plants, including enhanced resistance to abiotic and pathogen stress.
Propagation of Large Barkhausen Discontinuities, III. Effect of a Circular Field with Torsion (1933)

The propagation of large Barkhausen discontinuities along a nickel-iron (15 Ni 85 Fe) wire which is under tension alone is practically unaffected by the presence of a large circular field caused by a current through the wire, but such a circular field creates large effects if the wire is twisted. By treating the critical field as a vector having the main field as one component and the circular field as the other, critical field characteristics were obtained from which a simple relation was found between the strain applied to the wire and the critical field. This analysis shows that the component of the field perpendicular to that principal strain axis along which the extension is a maximum has no effect on the reversal of magnetization, thus establishing this principal strain axis as a direction of preferred orientation of the magnetic domains in the strained wire. Certain deviations of the critical field characteristics from the ideal simple form can be accounted for by taking account of (1) the change of strain with depth in a twisted wire, (2) the change in circular field with depth, and (3) the incomplete suppression by the applied strain of heterogeneous internal strains near the axis of a wire which is under torsion alone. Turning from directional properties to an analysis of the magnitude of the critical field, dependence of this on strain magnitude alone was expected. It appears that another unknown factor is of vital importance here. Velocity (longitudinal) vs. field plots for torsion alone with a succession of values of circular field show in one case the usual increasing slope with decreasing propagation range, in another very little correlation between these factors. Hysteresis curves taken with constant circular field show in some cases negative coercive force and negative remanence. A "hysteresis" curve of longitudinal magnetization as a function of circular field, taken in zero longitudinal field, was a closed symmetrical loop showing a large discontinuity in each branch. This behavior is readily accounted for.
A Phosphodiesterase 3B-based Signaling Complex Integrates Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP 1 and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signals in Human Arterial Endothelial Cells (2011)

Enzymes of the phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) and PDE4 families each regulate the activities of both protein kinases A (PKAs) and exchange proteins activated by cAMP (EPACs) in cells of the cardiovascular system. At present, the mechanisms that allow selected PDEs to individually regulate the activities of these two effectors are ill understood. The objective of this study was to determine how a specific PDE3 variant, namely PDE3B, interacts with and regulates EPAC1-based signaling in human arterial endothelial cells (HAECs). Using several biochemical approaches, we show that PDE3B and EPAC1 bind directly through protein-protein interactions. By knocking down PDE3B expression or by antagonizing EPAC1 binding with PDE3B, we show that PDE3B regulates cAMP binding by its tethered EPAC1. Interestingly, we also show that PDE3B binds directly to p84, a PI3Kγ regulatory subunit, and that this interaction allows PI3Kγ recruitment to the PDE3B-EPAC1 complex. Of potential cardiovascular importance, we demonstrate that PDE3B-tethered EPAC1 regulates HAEC PI3Kγ activity and that this allows dynamic cAMP-dependent regulation of HAEC adhesion, spreading, and tubule formation. We identify and molecularly characterize a PDE3B-based "signalosome" that integrates cAMP- and PI3Kγ-encoded signals and show how this signal integration regulates HAEC functions of importance in angiogenesis.
Current concepts of brain edema (1995)

Klatzo's classification of brain edema into two types, vasogenic and cytotoxic, has been in general use since 1967. The former involves overall brain swelling due to fluid entry from the vasculature because of openings in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), whereas the latter refers to cell swelling without any loss of the normal impermeability of the BBB. This review principally covers new work that identifies the intracellular swelling of astrocytes as a major form of cytotoxic edema seen in many different kinds of brain injury. The term edema should be retained because of its familiarity; however, because such intracellular swelling is usually not a response to toxins, it is suggested that the term cellular edema is preferable to cytotoxic edema. The difficulties involved in measuring cellular edema clinically are discussed, and the belief that a "pure" form of either edema is unlikely to exist. It is emphasized that the mechanisms and direct consequences of vasogenic and cellular edema are so different that the connection is mainly semantic. Studies conducted in vitro have identified several potentially damaging secondary consequences of astrocytic swelling. One of the most important of these seems likely to be the increased release of excitatory amino acids from swollen astrocytes. Potential mechanisms for inhibition of the increased release of amino acids have been identified in vitro and could prove therapeutically useful.
A summary of practical fuel cell technology to 1963 (1963)

A survey is made of three types of primary fuel cell systems now in battery engineering phases. The three cell types are: 1) those using aqueous electrolytes; 2) those using molten electrolytes; and 3) those with solid electrolytes. Ten aqueous-electrolyte cell systems, six molten-electrolyte cell systems, and three solid-electrolyte cell systems are reviewed. Seventy-eight references are cited.
Formation and characterization of CuxS layers on polyethylene film using the solutions of sulfur in carbon disulfide (2010)

Abstract Results of the formation of copper sulfide layers using the solutions of elemental sulfur in carbon disulfide as precursor for sulfurization are presented. Low density polyethylene film can be effectively sulfurized in the solutions of rhombic (α) sulfur in carbon disulfide. The concentration of sulfur in polyethylene increases with the increase of the temperature and concentration of sulfur solution in carbon disulfide and it little depends on the duration of sulfurization. Electrically conductive copper sulfide layers on polyethylene film were formed when sulfurized polyethylene was treated with the solution of copper (II/I) salts. CuxS layer with the lowest sheet resistance (11.2 Ω cm−2) was formed when sulfurized polyethylene was treated with copper salts solution at 80°C. All samples with formed CuxS layers were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. XPS analysis of obtained layers showed that on the layer’s surface and in the etched surface various compounds of copper, sulfur and oxygen are present: Cu2S, CuS, CuO, S8, CuSO4, Cu(OH)2 and water. The biggest amounts of CuSO4 and Cu(OH)2 are present on the layer’s surface. Significantly more copper sulfides are found in the etched layers.
hnRNP C1/C2 and Pur-beta proteins mediate induction of senescence by oligonucleotides homologous to the telomere overhang (2013)

These novel findings highlight proteins essential to T-oligo's anticancer effects that may be of interest in telomere biology and cancer therapeutics.
A quantitative analysis of time-decay reproducible stress-induced leakage current in SiO/sub 2/ films (1997)

In the cases of both Fowler-Nordheim (FN) stress and substrate hot-hole stress, three reproducible stress-induced leakage current (SILC) components have been found for the repeated unipolar gate-voltage scans in 9.2 nm wet oxides. To clarify the mechanisms of these current components, a quantitative analysis has been developed. By precisely modeling the phonon assisted tunneling process, it has been shown that the E-J and t-J characteristics of the reproducible current components can be completely simulated as electron tunneling processes into the neutral traps, each with a single trap level. From this analysis, the physical parameters of the traps have been estimated with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Furthermore, the increase in distribution of the neutral trap density toward both the SiO/sub 2/ interfaces has also been estimated.
Energy harvesting and wireless sensors: a review of recent developments (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the development of energy harvesting techniques and their use with wireless, self‐powered sensors. Design/methodology/approach This paper first considers the need for wireless sensors and then discusses a number of products and recent development activities. Findings Energy harvesting devices based on electrodynamic, piezoelectric and thermoelectric effects, implemented through electromechanical, microelectromechanical systems and nanotechnological approaches, are attracting strong academic and commercial interest. A limited number of sensors and systems exploiting these effects are in production and many more are under development. Some actual and anticipated applications include industrial condition monitoring, structural monitoring and healthcare. Originality/value This provides a technical insight into energy harvesting techniques and their applications to wireless sensing.
Polyether and Polyimine Derivatives of Layered Zirconium Phosphates as Supramolecules (1992)

Polyethylene oxides and polyethyleneimines are of great interest because of their ability to form a wide variety of metal and salt complexes. We have anchored polyethylene oxide oligomers (n=1-33) and polyimines (n=1-4) to zirconium phosphate type layers. The polymers are first converted to phosphates or phosphonates which in turn react with Zr(IV) solutions to form the layered derivatives. Cross-linking of the layers has also been accomplished. Preliminary structural and complexing behavior of these layered materials is presented. It is demonstrated that the NaSCN-polyethyleneoxide zirconium phosphate is an ionic conductor with σ25 ≅ 10-6 ohm-1 cm-l.
Preparation of Polystyrene Particles with Carbon Black covered Uniformly with Ferrite Powder by Suspension Polymerization (1990)

懸濁重合法によって, フェライト微粉末で均一に覆われ, かつ, カーボンブラックを含有したポリスチレン粒子を製造することを試みた。フェライト粉末の添加量, カーボンブラックの添加量そして撹拌速度のような操作条件が段階的に変えられた。操作条件が, 粒径分布, 平均粒径, 分散度, 収率そして付着率のような複合体粒子のいくつかの特性にどのような影響を及ぼすのかが実験的に検討された。結果として, 複合体粒子のいくつかの特性に及ぼす操作条件の影響がある程度明らかにされた。さらに, 複合体粒子の表面の電子顕微鏡による観察が行われた。
Immunoglobulin E Receptor Cross-linking Induces Oscillations in Intracellular Free Ionized Calcium in Individual Tumor Mast Cells (1989)

Fura-2 fluorescence in single rat basophilic leukemia cells was monitored to study the rise in intracellular free ionized calcium ([Ca2+]i) produced by aggregation of immunoglobulin E receptors. Repetitive transient increases in [Ca2+]i were induced by antigen stimulation and were measured using digital video imaging microscopy at high time resolution. The [Ca2+]i oscillations were not dependent upon changes in the membrane potential of the cells and were observed in cells stimulated with antigen either with or without extracellular Ca2+. Transient oscillations in [Ca2+]i were also observed when calcium influx was blocked with La3+. These results suggested that during antigen stimulation of cells under normal physiological conditions, release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores makes an important contribution to the initial increase in [Ca2+]i. Oscillations in [Ca2+]i are not induced by elevating [Ca2+]i with the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Mitochondrial calcium buffering is not required for [Ca2+]i oscillations to occur. The results show that rat basophilic leukemia cells have significant stores of calcium and that release of calcium from these stores can participate in both the initial rise and the oscillations in [Ca2+]i.
Spontaneous excretion of virus from MDCK cells persistently infected with influenza virus A/PR/8/34. (1997)

When MDCK cells in a semiconfluent monolayer were infected with 5 p.f.u. per cell of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), a majority of the cells continued to grow stably upon subsequent cultivation with a growth medium containing 50% foetal calf serum. While growing, the cells spontaneously excreted virus, the amount of which declined gradually as the passage number of the cells increased. The extent of virus shedding was significantly increased when the cells were subsequently maintained in a medium containing 0.2% bovine serum albumin. Within the cells, viral messenger RNAs for all eight genes of A/PR/8 were demonstrated by PCR indicating that endogenous viral genes were constitutively transcribed. However, viral proteins as well as viral genes were not demonstrable by radioimmunoprecipitation or ribonuclease protection assays, respectively.
THE EFFECT OF IN-LINE MICROWAVE ENERGY ON BLOOD (1992)

The treatment of hypothermia associated with hemorrhage, exposure, or intraoperative intervention continues to represent a challenge for trauma care teams. An innovative technique for combining microwave heating with continuous temperature monitoring into a feedback-controlled system for blood warming has been developed. The effect of microwave warming on the structure and function of blood was compared with that in nonheated controls. Erythrocyte structural integrity (hemolysis) was evaluated by comparing levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), potassium (K+), and plasma hemoglobin (PHGB), and hematocrit (HCT) in heated and nonheated (control) samples of banked red blood cells. Hemoglobin function was evaluated in fresh blood by comparing the P50 and hemoglobin electrophoresis of experimental and control samples. Prewarming temperatures were 3° or 23°C; temperatures after warming were 35°, 37°, or 39°C. The results reflect the percentage of changes for 84 heated and 24 unheated blood samples. There were no statistical differences in any of the biochemical variables measured. The P50 for three heated and three unheated samples was 30.7 ±1.2 and 30.5 ± 0.9 mm Hg (p > 0.05). There were no changes in the hemoglobin electrophoretic patterns in experimental or control samples. This system is designed to deliver microwave energy in a uniform and controlled manner, overcoming the limitations of conventional microwave ovens that in the past caused local overheating and subsequent hemolysis when used for blood warming. The structural and functional integrity of erythrocytes after microwave warming indicate the safety and effectiveness of this technique.
Metabolic Analysis of Wild-type Escherichia coli and a Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDHC)-deficient Derivative Reveals the Role of PDHC in the Fermentative Metabolism of Glucose (2010)

Pyruvate is located at a metabolic junction of assimilatory and dissimilatory pathways and represents a switch point between respiratory and fermentative metabolism. In Escherichia coli, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and pyruvate formate-lyase are considered the primary routes of pyruvate conversion to acetyl-CoA for aerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation, respectively. During glucose fermentation, the in vivo activity of PDHC has been reported as either very low or undetectable, and the role of this enzyme remains unknown. In this study, a comprehensive characterization of wild-type E. coli MG1655 and a PDHC-deficient derivative (Pdh) led to the identification of the role of PDHC in the anaerobic fermentation of glucose. The metabolism of these strains was investigated by using a mixture of (13)C-labeled and -unlabeled glucose followed by the analysis of the labeling pattern in protein-bound amino acids via two-dimensional (13)C,(1)H NMR spectroscopy. Metabolite balancing, biosynthetic (13)C labeling of proteinogenic amino acids, and isotopomer balancing all indicated a large increase in the flux of the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (ox-PPP) in response to the PDHC deficiency. Because both ox-PPP and PDHC generate CO(2) and the calculated CO(2) evolution rate was significantly reduced in Pdh, it was hypothesized that the role of PDHC is to provide CO(2) for cell growth. The similarly negative impact of either PDHC or ox-PPP deficiencies, and an even more pronounced impairment of cell growth in a strain lacking both ox-PPP and PDHC, provided further support for this hypothesis. The three strains exhibited similar phenotypes in the presence of an external source of CO(2), thus confirming the role of PDHC. Activation of formate hydrogen-lyase (which converts formate to CO(2) and H(2)) rendered the PDHC deficiency silent, but its negative impact reappeared in a strain lacking both PDHC and formate hydrogen-lyase. A stoichiometric analysis of CO(2) generation via PDHC and ox-PPP revealed that the PDHC route is more carbon- and energy-efficient, in agreement with its beneficial role in cell growth.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 does not mediate the interferon-dependent suppression of human ectocervical epithelial cell proliferation. (1999)

Interferon is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cervical cancer. In the present study we examine the role of IFNgamma as a regulator of proliferation and production of IGFBP-3 expression in ectocervical epithelial cells. ECE16-1 cells are a model for studying early human papillomavirus-dependent cervical disease. IFNgamma produces a concentration-dependent inhibition of ECE16-1 cell proliferation that is associated with an increase in insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 level. Growth suppression and IGFBP-3 increase is maximal at concentrations of IFNgamma >/=0.75 ng/ml. The increased IGFBP-3 expression is mediated via an increase in IGFBP-3 encoding mRNA. In contrast, IFNgamma inhibits proliferation of CaSki and SiHa cells, but IGFBP-3 is barely detectable and levels are not regulated by IFNgamma. These results suggest that the IFNgamma-dependent suppression of CaSki and SiHa cell proliferation is not mediated by secreted IGFBP-3. This result was confirmed when vector-mediated overexpression of immunoreactive IGFBP-3 in SiHa and CaSki cells did not consistently result in reduced cell proliferation rate.
Rh<sub>2</sub>(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbazoles from Biaryl Azides (2009)

An array of carbazoles (23 examples) can be synthesized from substituted biaryl azides at 60 degrees C using substoichiometric quantities of Rh(2)(O(2)CC(3)F(7))(4) or Rh(2)(O(2)CC(7)H(15))(4).
Improvement of Cross-border Trading Capabilities through Wide-area Control of FACTS (2004)

Congestion of cross-border transmission capabilities often limits the operation of power markets. Because of the substantial costs that such congestion cause, and difficulties in improving transfer capacity through transmission expansion, FACTS devices are in-creasingly often considered as short-term solutions to congestion problems. This paper shows that such FACTS devices are most often not used to their full potential unless equipped with control systems based on wide-area measurements. We present novel control strategies that coordinate and optimize the setpoints of several FACTS devices to achieve optimum benefit from FACTS installations in terms of steady-state loadability increase. We study simple schemes based on feedback control using remote measurements as well as more general schemes based on on-line optimization. Finally, a quantitative assessment of the benefits of wide-area control of FACTS based on a realistic test case is presented.
A contactless transfer device for power and data (2002)

This paper describes the initial development of a Contactless Transfer Device (CTD) for on-orbit applications. Target specifications called for the transfer of several hundred Watts of power, and several tens of digital data lines with a combined capacity of around 5 Mbps. The design accommodates a central axle or pole of up to 55 mm diameter, and may be used in an in-side-in or an in-side-out configuration. A matrix evaluation technique based upon paired comparison between grouped evaluation criteria is described, and is used to select the preferred technologies for contactless data and power transfer. A modulated sub-carrier capacitive technique is selected for data-transfer, and a rotating transformer for power-transfer. The electronic and mechanical aspects of the design and the build standard of the Breadboard Model are described.