gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis (1999)

Our identification of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) led us to examine the incidence of this organism in the CSF from 17 patients with relapsing-remitting MS, 20 patients with progressive MS, and 27 patients with other neurological diseases (OND). CSF samples were examined for C pneumoniae by culture, polymerase chain reaction assays, and CSF immunoglobulin (Ig) reactivity with C pneumoniae elementary body antigens. C pneumoniae was isolated from CSF in 64% of MS patients versus 11% of OND controls. Polymerase chain reaction assays demonstrated the presence of C pneumoniae MOMP gene in the CSF of 97% of MS patients versus 18% of OND controls. Finally, 86% of MS patients had increased CSF antibodies to C pneumoniae elementary body antigens as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay absorbance values that were 3 SD greater than those seen in OND controls. The specificity of this antibody response was confirmed by western blot assays of the CSF, using elementary body antigens. Moreover, CSF isoelectric focusing followed by western blot assays revealed cationic antibodies against C pneumoniae. Infection of the central nervous system with C pneumoniae is a frequent occurrence in MS patients. Although the organism could represent the pathogenetic agent of MS, it may simply represent a secondary infection of damaged central nervous system tissue. A therapeutic trial directed at eliminating C pneumoniae from the central nervous system may provide additional information on its role in MS.
Link capacity allocation and network control by filtered input rate in high speed networks (2002)

Studies link capacity allocation for a finite buffer system to transmit multimedia traffic. The queueing process is simulated with real video traffic. Two key concepts are explored. First, input traffic in the low frequency band stays intact as it travels through a finite-buffer zero-loss system. Second, the link capacity requirement at each node is essentially captured by its low frequency input traffic (filtered at a properly selected cut-off frequency). Hence, one may overlook the queueing process at each node for network-wide traffic flow in the low frequency band. The authors propose a simple, effective method for link capacity allocation and network control using on-line observation of traffic flow in the low frequency band. The experimental study points out a possible new direction for control of high speed networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Will COTS RF Front-Ends Really Cope With 5G Requirements at mmWave? (2018)

In this paper, the real-time over-the-air multi-gigabit wideband wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system performance, using two distinct radio frequency (RF) front-ends designed for the millimetre frequency band (mmWave), is evaluated. A thorough comparative analysis between 60-GHz cutting-edge commercial off-the-shelf and reference RF front-ends, taking into account their intrinsic RF impairments and their impact on the overall system performance degradation, is presented. With this, it is possible to verify whether system on chip technology for RF circuits is ready for 5G systems. Due to the large available bandwidth, the mmWave band is very attractive for future 5G wireless communication systems, which might provide transmission data rates over 10 Gb/s and network latency below 1 ms. However, non-linearities of RF front-ends, at these frequencies, severely affect the performance of transmission schemes. In fact, this is the main cause for performance degradation on OFDM systems. It causes significant limitation on both maximum spectral efficiency and data rate of the wireless communication link. Therefore, the OFDM performance degradation due to the non-linearities from both analogue stages of upconversion/downconversion is evaluated considering important key performance indicators for quality of service in digital communications considering 4-, 16-, 64- and 256-quadrature amplitude modulation. Furthermore, based on the results obtained from appropriate RF measurements, a practical EVM link budget formulation for mmWave systems, which takes into account both PA and PN impairment effects, is proposed.
A low-power current-mode correlation detector with analog data storage (2004)

A low-power, limited accuracy analog correlation circuit is proposed primarily for biomedical applications that process low-frequency signals. For storing the sampled analog values, a series of current switched capacitors are used, which offer the lowest sensitivity to external disturbances during data readout. The correlation was implemented in fully analog form applying the Manhattan method. The analog part of the comparator requires less than 1.3 mA, excluding the timing and supervising microcontroller. Applying the circuitry for phonocardiographic fetal heart rate (FHR) measurements, exhaustive simulations with real input sound records have shown that it can reliably identify the correlation peaks to calculate FHR with more than 90% confidence.
An overview of microwave component requirementsfor future space applications (2005)

New and emerging microwave component developments and their potential impact upon payload implementation for future European Space Agency (ESA) missions are discussed. Consideration is given to the use of indium antimonide (InSb), gallium nitride (GaN), RF CMOS along with MEMS and advanced packaging techniques.
Immobilized stem-loop structured probes as conformational switches for enzymatic detection of microbial 16S rRNA (2005)

We have designed and evaluated novel DNA stem-loop structured probes for enzymatic detection of nucleic acid targets. These probes constitute a novel class of conformational switches for enzymatic activity, which in the absence of a target sterically shield an affinity label and upon hybridization of the target to the recognition sequence that forms the loop of the probe restore accessibility of the label for the binding of a reporter enzyme. Analysis of probe characteristics revealed stem stability as the most important parameter governing detection functionality, while other factors such as the length of linker molecules attaching the label to the stem-loop structure and the nature of the solid support proved to be less critical. Apparently, the bulky nature of the reporter enzyme facilitates shielding of the label in the absence of the target, thereby conferring considerable structural tolerance to the conformational switch system. The stem-loop structured probes allow sensitive detection of unlabeled nucleic acid targets. Employing a microtiter assay format, 4 ng of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA corresponding to 8 fmol could be detected, which can be compared favorably with current immobilized molecular beacon concepts based on fluorescence detection.
Mapping of Nucleosome Positions in Yeast (2003)

The structural and functional subunits of chromatin are nucleosome cores. In a nucleosome core 145 bp of DNA are coiled around the outer surface of an octamer of histone proteins which consists of a tetramer of 2(H3·H4) and two H2A·H2B dimers (1). DNA extending from the nucleosome core to the next nucleosome is called linker DNA. It varies in length from about 20 to 90 bp in different organisms or tissues or between individual nucleosomes. Histone H1 may be associated with linker DNA at the site where the DNA leaves the nucleosome. While core histones are well conserved and present in all eukaryotic organisms, H1 is most variable and may even be missing in some organisms such as yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleosomes are built from many different DNA sequences and may contain histone variants (subtypes) and modified histones (e.g., acetylated) which can affect their structural and dynamic properties (reviewed in ref. 2).
A WDM ring MAN architecture with traffic distribution and collisions avoidance for bandwidth utilization enhancement (2011)

In this paper we study a wavelength division multiplexing multi-ring metropolitan area network architecture with a separate control wavelength and a finite number of access nodes. Each access node is equipped with a fixed tuned transmitter and a fixed tuned receiver for control information exchange. Also, each access node has a tunable transmitter to exploit all data wavelengths while it uses a set of parallel tunable receivers providing suitable tuning time and range to cover all data wavelengths. Our study focuses on the critical problem that many access ring protocols introduce, of limited fiber bandwidth utilization especially at high offered loads. Thus, an efficient slotted access algorithm is applied to avoid data channel collisions and destination conflicts. Also, a multiple transmission buffer architecture is introduced at each node with an effective buffer selection for transmission scheme that combines the priority criteria of receiver collisions avoidance with data packet delay optimization. In this way, significant performance improvement is managed reducing the dropping probability and the total delay experienced, while maximizing throughput. Thus, our network strategy not only manages high scalability and maintenance, but also it achieves maximum bandwidth utilization. A discrete event simulation model is developed to evaluate performance measures.
Effect of temperature and concentration of acetylated‐lignin solutions on dry‐spinning of carbon fiber precursors (2016)

ABSTRACT Carbon fibers derived from biomass such as lignin have received increasing attention due to the sustainability of the precursor. In this study, partially acetylated softwood Kraft lignin (Ace‐SKL) was investigated for the purpose of dry‐spinning into carbon fiber precursors. The viscosity of solutions prepared from different concentrations of acetylated‐lignin and acetone were investigated at high shear rates encountered during fiber spinning. Ace‐SKL solutions displayed a significant shear‐thinning behavior at all temperatures studied with power‐law exponents ranging from 0.33 to 0.82, confirming the macromolecular nature of the Ace‐SKL lignin/acetone solutions. As expected, elevated temperatures led to lower viscosities and facilitated extrusion at moderate pressures. Dry‐spinning was performed over a range of concentrations and temperatures. Fibers obtained from room temperature dry‐spinning displayed a relatively smooth surface but the pressure drop was excessive. Lignin fibers from elevated temperatures spinning displayed more crenulated surface pattern, and more crenulations achieved for fibers spun at higher temperatures. Presence of some doubly‐convex and sharp crevices was found on fibers produced from solutions containing lower concentrations (1.85 and 2.00 g lignin/mL solvent). In contrast, no crevices were found on the fibers obtained from the concentrated solution (2.15 g/mL), likely due to the reduced extent of solvent out‐diffusion. It was observed that the sharp crevices found in the lignin fibers spun at lower concentrations led to carbon fibers with occlusion type defects, thence reduced strength. In summary, this study elucidates the importance of precursor composition and processing conditions on microstructure and properties of resulting precursor and carbon fibers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43663.
3D modeling of time-harmonic elastic waves in anisotropic media using a direct Helmholtz solver (2012)

We consider the modeling of time-harmonic elastic waves in 3D anisotropic media, using a multi-component finite-difference method. Here, we are concerned with solving the resulting algebraic equations for a large number of seismic sources and on a large 3D domain in the context of modeling seismic wave propagation with applications in full waveform inversion (FWI) in mind. The key result of this paper is the development of a massively parallel structured direct Helmholtz solver accommodating anisotropy and elasticity in the low to mid-frequency range.
Upconverting Organic Dye Doped Core-Shell Nano-Composites for Dual-Modality NIR Imaging and Photo-Thermal Therapy (2013)

Nanotechnology approaches offer the potential for creating new optical imaging agents with unique properties that enable uses such as combined molecular imaging and photo-thermal therapy. Ideal preparations should fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR) region to ensure maximal tissue penetration depth along with minimal scattering and light absorption. Due to their unique photophysical properties, upconverting ceramics such as NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles have become promising optical materials for biological imaging. In this work, the design and synthesis of NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+@SiO2 core-shell nano-composites, which contain highly absorbing NIR carbocyanine dyes in their outer silica shell, are described. These materials combine optical emission (from the upconverting core nanoparticle) with strong NIR absorption (from the carbocyanine dyes incorporated into the shell) to enable both optical imaging and photo-thermal treatment, respectively. Ultimately, this hybrid composite nanomaterial approach imparts the ability to both visualize, via upconversion imaging, and treat, via photo-thermal heating, using two distinct optical channels. Proof-of-principle in vitro experiments are presented to demonstrate the combined imaging and photo-thermal properties of this new functional nano-composite.
Helium leak testing fuel rods for the PWR blanket. (1960)

The integrity of PWR-I blanket element cladding was tested using a helium leak detector. Its use enabled the detection and rejection of leaking elements prior to insertion into the reactor. This resulted in a considerable reduction in the problems associated with the operation and maintenance of the Pressurized Water Reactor. The low failure rate during service shows that the test methods were satisfactory. (B.O.G.)
ChemInform Abstract: Prediction of Inhibition of the Sodium Ion—Proton Antiporter by Benzoylguanidine Derivatives from Molecular Structure. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Über die verträglichkeit von copolymeren mit den entsprechenden homopolymeren (1967)

Abstract Da die Unverträglichkeit zwischen zwei Homopolymeren die Regel ist, war es von Interesse zu untersuchen, ob ein Gemisch von zwei unverträglichen Homopolymeren durch Beimischung eines entsprechenden Copolymeren (Pfropf‐, Block‐ oder statistischen Copolymeren) verträglich gemacht werden kann. In dieser Arbeit haben wir uns auf zwei Gemische von ataktischen Polymeren: Polystyrol–Polymethylmethacrylat und Polystrol–1,4‐ cis ‐Polyisopren beschränkt (da für diese Systeme bei Normaltemperatur keine Kristallisation eintritt). Die Untersuchung dieser Systeme in festem Zustand – das heißt der Filme, die durch Verdampfen der Polymerlösungen hergestellt wurden – erlaubt ziemlich sicher die Verträglichkeitsgrenzen zu ziehen. Die wichtigsten Parameter der Verträglichkeit von Homopolymer‐Copolymer‐Gemischen scheinen u.a. die Zusammensetzung sowie die Molekulargewichte und die Struktur der Copolymeren zu sein. Ternäre Diagramme für die Mischung von zwei Homopolymeren und einem Copolymeren zeigen offensichtlich, daß nur die Blockcopolymeren eine gewisse Verträglichkeit erzielen. Das gilt besonders, wenn die Zusammensetzung des letzteren nahezu 50:50 ist und wenn das Molekulargewicht der Homopolymeren wesentlich kleiner ist als das des Copolymeren. Pfropf‐ und statistische Copolymere haben dagegen praktisch weniger oder keinen Einfluß auf die Verträglichkeit. Weiterhin wurde die Beziehung zwischen Verträglichkeit und Schlagfestigkeit für das System Polystyrol–Polyisopren–Blockcopolymeres untersucht.
Force-reflecting teleoperation over the internet: the JBIT project (2003)

An ever-growing number of Internet-connected devices are now accessible to a multitude of users. Being an ubiquitous communication means, the Internet could enable any user to reach and command any device connected to the network. This paper reports the successful application of real-time closed-loop control over the Internet in the Java-Based Interface for Telerobotics (JBIT) system, in which the Internet users can access and command a two-degrees-of-freedom robot in real time, receiving both visual and force feedback. When closed-loop control of a remote system comes into play, careful evaluation of the performance and limits of the communication system in use is mandatory. The reported analysis shows that the main Internet limits are unknown available throughput, variable delay, and loss of some data packets, in particular when the network is congested. Once the limits of the communication system are known, it is shown that it is possible to use the Internet for the remote closed-loop control of a slave robot, provided that suitable strategies to guarantee operability and safety of the controlled system are implemented. Such strategies are concerned with on-line identification of the connection characteristics, adaptation of the data rate to the available throughput, recovery of the missing packet, and handling of the variable delay. Moreover, visual feedback dataflow shares the same Internet connection with the real-time control data. To prevent congestion, new tools for adaptive dataflow management have been developed. Finally, an improved coordinating force control scheme, aimed at enhancing the transparency of the teleoperator, is presented.
Adaptive interpolation filter for motion compensated prediction (2003)

Standardized hybrid video coding systems are based on motion compensated prediction with fractional-pel displacement vector resolution. In the recent JVT video coding scheme (MPEG-4 part 10, H.264) displacement vector resolutions of 1/4- or 1/8-pel are applied. In order to estimate and compensate these fractional-pel displacements, interpolation filters are used. So far, these interpolation filters are invariant. The same filter coefficients are applied for all sequences and for all images of a sequence. Therefore it is not possible to consider non-stationary statistical properties of video signals in the interpolation process. In this paper an adaptive interpolation scheme is presented. This interpolation scheme uses filter coefficients that are adapted once per image to the non-stationary statistical properties of the video signal. The filter-coefficients are coded and transmitted. Due to the adaptive interpolation filter a coding gain up to 0.8 dB PSNR is obtained in the JVT coding scheme.
Pyelography, Cystography, Neuromuscular Blockade, and the Titles of Articles (1967)

In your April issue under Experience and Reason is a case described as "an unusual complication of retrograde pyelography; neuromuscular blockade." The article then goes on to describe the procedure of retrograde cystography carried out in perhaps a standard fashion with resulting filling of the upper urinary tracts under considerable distention due to failure of the ureterovesicle valve. The media used contained Neomycin, a known neuromuscular blockading agent. In the process of carrying out the cystogram, apparently rupture of the fornices of one of the kidneys took place, the dye then extravasating into the extraperitoneal tissues.
PHOTOELASTIC FRINGE PATTERN ANALYSIS BY IMAGE PROCESSING (2005)

This work presents a strategy for automatic analysis of photoelastic fringe patterns. The study is focused on the analysis of color type photoelastic fringes. By capturing and analyzing color fringes automatically, the difference between principal stresses of a sample are quantitatively determined. Among many techniques available in literature, the c olor photoelasticity is chosen a s the basis for the strategy since it minimazes the operator's intervention. One important part of this technique is the calibration process, i.e., a process in which parameters of the relation between the fringe order and the fringe color are determined. This work presents a calibration based on two different filtering processes: average and harmonic. Using an experimental setup composed by a polariscope, a load system and a CCD type camera, the developed strategy is evaluated. Results of experiments are compared with the analytical solution of a disc under diametric c ompression for both calibration filtering p rocesses. Despite some deviations, related to the material used in the sample and non-uniformity in the applied load, the proposed strategy showed to b e efficient t o evaluate the fringe order in a range of 0.5 to 3.0.
Investigation of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Ethanol and Acetone (2006)

In-situ transmission Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to study the photocatalytic oxidation of acetone, ethanol and the interaction between acetone and ethanol. Compared with the degradation of acetone alone, it cannot be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation in presence of ethanol. The presence of ethanol reduces the initial degradation rate of acetone and the inhibition increases with increasing of ethanol in the system. Acetone also inhibits the degradation of ethanol but it still can be described by the L-H equation. Acetaldehyde in the system comes from the degradation of ethanol, the behavior of production and consumption of which is affected by the amount of ethanol and acetone in the mixture. Temperature significantly affects the degradation of organic compounds in the mixture. Increasing the temperature accelerates the degradation of ethanol and acetone as well as the degradation of acetaldehyde, an intermediate produced in the system. The flux of the reaction system has little effect on the photocatalytic process of organic matter.
Correlation of cytopathic effect, fluorescent-antibody microneutralization, and plaque reduction test results for determining avian infectious bronchitis virus antibodies (1977)

A microneutralization fluorescent-antibody (MFA) test was effective in determining the level of antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus. A comparison of the MFA test with the cytopathic effect microneutralization (MNT) test and 50% plaque reduction (PR) test resulted in positive correlations that were significant (P less than 0.001). The PR test was more sensitive than either the MFA or the MNT test, but there was no significant difference between the sensitivities of the MFA and MNT tests. The MFA test has advantages over the PR test in the capacity to test large numbers of sera in a shorter period of time. The MFA test also can be completed in one-half the time required for the MNT test.
Heterocyclic derivatives of naphthalene‐1,8‐dicarboxylic anhydride. Part I. Nitro‐7<i>H</i>‐benzimidazo[2,1‐<i>a</i>]benz[<i>de</i>]isoquinolin‐7‐ones (1973)

Abstract Condensation of o ‐phenylenediamine with 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐nitronaphthalene‐1,8‐dicarboxylic anhydrides gives, in each case, an isomer mixture. Separation of the mixtures into the six isomeric mononitro‐7 H ‐benzimidazo[2,1‐ a ]benz[ de ]isoquinolin‐7‐ones is described and the isomers characterised in respect of previously reported data on some isomers; ir and mass spectrum data are reported, the latter showing fragmentation ions which may be used in characterising dyes based on this chromophore. Other new derivatives of 7 H ‐benzimidazo[2,1‐ a ]benz[ de ]isoquinolin‐7‐one are also described.