gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioproduction of <i>cis</i>‐(1S,2R)‐indandiol, a chiral pharmaceutical intermediate, using a solid–liquid two‐phase partitioning bioreactor for enhanced removal of inhibitors (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND: A solid‐liquid two‐phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB) was used in the biotransformation of indene to cis ‐(1S,2R)‐indandiol by Pseudomonas putida 421‐5 (ATCC 55687). Metered substrate feeding in single‐phase operation, or delivery from an immiscible liquid, have previously been employed to regulate the exposure of the biocatalyst to inhibitory concentrations of the substrate. In contrast, the solid‐liquid platform provided in situ substrate addition (ISSA) as well as simultaneous it in situ product removal (ISPR) as a means of overcoming substrate and product toxicity. Three different modes of operation were compared for their effects on the performance of this biotransformation: single‐phase, fed‐batch operation was carried out as a benchmark in 2.75 L aqueous medium, and subsequently with the inclusion of either 700 g liquid silicone oil or 700 g solid polymer beads. RESULTS: Biphasic modes achieved a 3‐fold productivity improvement with respect to single‐phase (30 to 90 mg L −1 h −1 ), and solid‐liquid productivity was similar to liquid‐liquid operation while achieving more extensive removal of inhibitory compounds resulting in a slightly higher product titer (1.29 vs 1.16 g L −1 ). The operability of the reactor was improved by the phase stability of the solid polymer beads relative to immiscible organic solvents, preventing emulsion formation and facilitating analytics. CONCLUSION: Solid polymer beads replaced the immiscible liquid auxiliary phase for substrate delivery while performing simultaneous inhibitory molecule sequestration. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
<sup>14</sup>N Quadrupole Cross-Relaxation Spectroscopy of a Compound of Pharmacological Interest (1986)

Cross-relaxation spectroscopy has been used to record the 14 N quadrupole resonance spectrum of two of the polymorphic forms of the pharmacologically-important compound: 2-4-(5-Bromo- 3-methylpyrid-2-yl)butylammo-5-(6-methylpyrid-3-yl)methyl-pyrimidin-4-one. Three 14 N frequencies for four of the non-equivalent nitrogen sites within the molecule have been identified by combined irradiation and cross-relaxation techniques and quadrupole coupling constants and asymmetry parameters deduced therefrom; the absence of 14 N (and 79 Br) signals from the bromine-substituted pyridine ring suggests that this part of the molecule is disordered in the crystal. The spectral intensities have been used to derive approximate values for the 14 N and 1 H relaxation times, which show clear differences between the two polymorphs.
Programmable autonomous micromixers and micropumps (2005)

Programmable autonomous micromixers and micropumps have been designed and realized via a merger between MEMS and microfluidic tectonics (/spl mu/FT). Advantages leveraged from both fabrication platforms allow for relatively simple and rapid fabrication of these microfluidic components. Nickel (Ni) microstructures, driven by an external rotating magnetic field, are patterned in situ and serve as the microactuators in the devices. /spl mu/FT permits in situ patterning through the use of a step-and-repeat fabrication process known as liquid-phase photopolymerization (LP/sup 3/). LP/sup 3/ is a polymer-based fabrication process tool that offers additional fabrication materials, including responsive hydrogels that expand and contract under different stimuli. Using pH- and temperature-sensitive hydrogels as clutches, autonomous micromixers and micropumps have been fabricated and tested that perform as closed-loop microsystems. The step-and-repeat fabrication process allows pre-programming of the system, like a programmable read-only memory chip, to be sensitive to a desired stimulus. Different Ni blade designs, and pH-sensitive hydrogel geometries and dimensions have been designed and tested to better ascertain their effects on micromixing efficiency and response times of hydrogels (related to the autonomous functionality), respectively. Temperature-responsive hydrogels have allowed for development of temperature-sensitive micromixers and micropumps with applications in areas demanding temperature control. [1498].
Metric Characterization of Random Variables and Random Processes (2000)

Sub-Gaussian and pre-Gaussian random variables Orlicz spaces of random variables Regularity of sample paths of a stochastic process Pre-Gaussian processes Shot noise processes and their properties Correlograms of stationary Gaussian processes Jointly sub-Gaussian, super-Gaussian, and pseudo-Gaussian stochastic processes Appendices Comments References Basic notation Index.
Identification of a new prostate-specific cyclic peptide with the bacterial FliTrx system. (2005)

Bacterial peptide display, an alternative to phage peptide display, can allow the identification of specific binding and stable peptides.
Determination of equivalent circuit parameters of the low-T/sub c/ superconducting power supply for charging of superconducting magnet (2003)

This paper deals with determination of equivalent circuit parameters of the Low-T/sub c/ Superconducting (LTS) power supply for charging of the LTS magnet, as well as analysis of its characteristics as determined through experiments. The power supply consists of two exciters, a rotor, a stator, and an LTS magnet. In this experiment, a 25.8 mH LTS magnet was used, and rotor revolutions from 30 to 300 rpm were used. The magnetic flux distribution analysis of the system was carried out. Based upon this analysis, maximum 150 A DC excitation current was optimally derived. In order to measure the pumping-current with respect to the magnet flux changes, a Hall sensor was installed at the center of the LTS magnet. The experimental observations have been compared with the theoretical predictions. In this experiment, the pumping-current has reached about 372 A.
Interleukin-1 beta regulates proximal tubular cell transforming growth factor beta-1 signalling (2009)

In summary, IL-1 has a biphasic effect on PTC TGF beta signalling, with early NF-kappaB-mediated inhibition and delayed sensitization via an autocrine IL-6 loop. These results provide mechanistic insight into how acute and chronic inflammation help define epithelial cell response to TGF beta, and hence how TGF beta can have apparently contradictory roles, being involved in controlled healing following acute injury on one hand, yet the principal promoter of scarring in chronic disease on the other.
An 800MHz -122dBc/Hz-at-200kHz Clock Multiplier based on a Combination of PLL and Recirculating DLL (2008)

DLL clock multipliers outperform their PLL counterparts in terms of phase noise because they have significantly less jitter accumulation [R. Farjad-Rad et al., 2002; P.C. Maulik and D.A. Mercer, 2007; S. Ye and I. Galton, 2004]. Figure 25.2.1 shows the basic PLL and recirculating DLL. In the latter, the oscillator loop is periodically opened to let in a "clean" reference edge. It avoids the pattern jitter due to delay-stage mismatch as seen normally in an edge-combining DLL. The remaining pattern jitter is due to static phase offset of the phase detector (PD)/charge pump (CP). This offset transfers to a phase discontinuity between the two edges that are substituted for one another [P.C. Maulik and D.A. Mercer, 2007]. As a result the clock spectrum shows severe reference spurs, as high as -37dBc in [R. Farjad-Rad et al., 2002]. This is especially undesirable in applications like ADCs where clock spurs convolute with the spectrum of the input signal. By contrast, in a PLL, static phase offset introduces no direct phase discontinuity in the output clock. Nevertheless, it still causes a periodic ripple across the loop filter that modulates the oscillator. By tightening the filter, the ripple is filtered more, lowering the reference spur. However, this reduces loop bandwidth leading to less suppression of oscillator phase noise.
Generation of manufacturing process model entities (2002)

The application of advanced geometric and technical models of mechanical products to the planning of manufacturing processes and CNC programs is one of the most widely investigated topics. Utilization of the flexibility of a flexible manufacturing system for fulfilling customer demands is impossible without flexible planning of manufacturing processes. This paper presents an approach to generic modeling of manufacturing processes and a method for creating Petri net representations of manufacturing process model entities. Manufacturing task features and process variants are taken into account. The Petri net process model is evaluated in the course of process planning and production scheduling. Process models are created on the basis of a form feature oriented part model and a workshop environment model. Petri net objects are created using knowledge on manufacturing process objects and process structure. The paper is organized as follows. First, the aims of the research are outlined and the characteristics of manufacturing process models of this type are summarized. Next, the principle of modeling, the structure of the process model and the process model entities are detailed. Following this, the generation procedure of the process model is presented. Finally, typical examples of manufacturing process model entities for a prismatic part machined in a flexible manufacturing system are shown.
Face recognition technology: security versus privacy (2004)

Video surveillance and face recognition systems have become the subject of increased interest and controversy after the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States. In favor of face recognition technology, there is the lure of a powerful tool to aid national security. On the negative side, there are fears of an Orwellian invasion of privacy. Given the ongoing nature of the controversy, and the fact that face recognition systems represent leading edge and rapidly changing technology, face recognition technology is currently a major issue in the area of social impact of technology. We analyze the interplay of technical and social issues involved in the widespread application of video surveillance for person identification.
Call graph construction for Java libraries (2016)

Today, every application uses software libraries. Yet, while a lot of research exists w.r.t. analyzing applications, research that targets the analysis of libraries independent of any application is scarce. This is unfortunate, because, for developers of libraries, such as the Java Development Kit (JDK), it is crucial to ensure that the library behaves as intended regardless of how it is used. To fill this gap, we discuss the construction of call graphs for libraries that abstract over all potential library usages. Call graphs are particularly relevant as they are a precursor of many advanced analyses, such as inter-procedural data-flow analyses.
Compound polar codes (2013)

A capacity-achieving scheme based on polar codes is proposed for reliable communication over multi-channels which can be directly applied to bit-interleaved coded modulation schemes. We start by reviewing the ground-breaking work of polar codes and then discuss our proposed scheme. Instead of encoding separately across the individual underlying channels, which requires multiple encoders and decoders, we take advantage of the recursive structure of polar codes to construct a unified scheme with a single encoder and decoder that can be used over the multi-channels. We prove that the scheme achieves the capacity over this multi-channel. Numerical analysis and simulation results for BICM channels at finite block lengths shows a considerable improvement in the probability of error comparing to a conventional separated scheme.
Electrodynamic Speaker Design Considerations (1934)

The operation of the diaphragm is shown to be so involved as to make its development difficult with any treatment other than an empirical one. Measurements, however, can be made upon a diaphragm to determine its efficiency and to determine the optimum mass of the voice coil to be associated with it. With the voice coil mass so determined, a method is shown for selecting the voice coil diameter and the magnet dimensions to give a desired performance at a minimum cost. The design procedure is applicable not only to electrodynamic speakers but is of use also in the design of any device utilizing an electrically-driven vibramotive force.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacologic Variation Between Different Estrogen Products (1995)

Due to the complex nature of endogenous and exogenous hormone concentration, formation, and metabolism and assay complexity, the pharmacokinetics of estrogen are difficult to study. Oral estrogens have minimal systemic bioavailability (2% to 10%) due to gut and liver (first-pass) metabolism. High concentrations of estrone are achieved with oral administration, whereas higher concentrations of estradiol are generally achieved after percutaneous absorption. Although vaginal products (such as gel, rings, etc.) are administered locally, they achieve high serum concentrations. Estradiol and estrone concentrations and estradiol-to-estrone ratios vary with different estrogen therapies. Approximately 95% to 98% of estradiol is bound loosely to albumin or tightly to sex hormone binding globulin, the major binding protein. The terminal half lives for the different estrogen compounds (after oral or intravenous administration) vary from 1-12 hours. Some conversion rates have been calculated between estrogen and its metabolites. Smoking decreases achievable estrogen concentrations, and has a greater effect on oral products. Oral contraceptives have been found to decrease antipyrine clearance. In the one study evaluating conjugated estrogens, antipyrine clearance was not altered. Oral contraceptives have a variable effect on the elimination of medications. Acetaminophen clearance is increased, whereas clearance of some benzodiazepines, caffeine,and prednisolone is decreased. Phenytoin increases the metabolism of conjugated estrogens. The various estrogen products may produce different clinical effects based on composition. The metabolites (minor components) of conjugated estrogens have been found to have significant effects on lipid concentrations, uterine weight, liver generated compounds, and bone resorption. Because transdermal products bypass the first-pass effect, delayed or decreased effects on lipid profiles and liver generated compounds have been observed.
Malicious Entity Categorization using Graph modelling (2016)

Today, malware authors not only write malicious software but also employ obfuscation, polymorphism, packing and endless such evasive techniques to escape detection by Anti-Virus Products (AVP). Besides the individual behavior of malware, the relations that exist among them play an important role for improving malware detection. This work aims to enable malware analysts at F-Secure Labs to explore various such relationships between malicious URLs and file samples in addition to their individual behavior and activity. The current detection methods at F-Secure Labs analyze unknown URLs and file samples independently without taking into account the correlations that might exist between them. Such traditional classification methods perform well but are not efficient at identifying complex multi-stage malware that hide their activity. The interactions between malware may include any type of network activity, dropping, downloading, etc. For instance, an unknown downloader that connects to a malicious website which in turn drops a malicious payload, should indeed be blacklisted. Such analysis can help block the malware infection at its source and also comprehend the whole infection chain. The outcome of this proof-of-concept study is a system that detects new malware using graph modelling to infer their relationship to known malware as part of the malware classification services at F-Secure.
Deregulated Direct Targets of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Protein, HBx, Identified through Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and Expression Microarray Profiling (2009)

The hepatitis B-X (HBx) protein is strongly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. It is implicated not to directly cause cancer but to play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma as a co-factor. The oncogenic potential of HBx primarily lies in its interaction with transcriptional regulators resulting in aberrant gene expression and deregulated cellular pathways. Utilizing ultraviolet irradiation to simulate a tumor-initiating event, we integrated chip-based chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-chip) with expression microarray profiling and identified 184 gene targets directly deregulated by HBx. One-hundred forty-four transcription factors interacting with HBx were computationally inferred. We experimentally validated that HBx interacts with some of the predicted transcription factors (pTF) as well as the promoters of the deregulated target genes of these pTFs. Significantly, we demonstrated that the pTF interacts with the promoters of the deregulated HBx target genes and that deregulation by HBx of these HBx target genes carrying the pTF consensus sequences can be reversed using pTF small interfering RNAs. The roles of these deregulated direct HBx target genes and their relevance in cancer was inferred via querying against biogroup/cancer-related microarray databases using web-based NextBio(TM) software. Six pathways, including the Jak-STAT pathway, were predicted to be significantly deregulated when HBx binds indirectly to direct target gene promoters. In conclusion, this study represents the first ever demonstration of the utilization of ChIP-chip to identify deregulated direct gene targets from indirect protein-DNA binding as well as transcriptional factors directly interacting with HBx. Increased knowledge of the gene/transcriptional factor targets of HBx will enhance our understanding of the role of HBx in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and facilitate the design of better strategies in combating hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
A Petrophysical Model to Estimate Relative and Effective Permeabilities in Hydrocarbon Systems and to Predict Ratios of Water to Hydrocarbon Productivity (2012)

Abstract Permeability estimates from petrophysical interpretations rely mostly on relations between porosity and irreducible water saturation, for example using the approach developed by Timur (1968). If core data are available for calibration, it is common that the transform used can be quite reliable. However, relative permeability estimates require quantification of water saturation greater than irreducible saturation. In a previous publication by the authors (Holmes, et al, 2009), methodology was presented to distinguish rocks at irreducible saturation from those that contain mobile water. The technique involves a modified interpretation of porosity/saturation cross plots to identify levels at irreducible water saturation using a Buckles (1965) relationship. Once this data trend has been identified, water saturation at any given data point can be compared with theoretical irreducible saturation. Values of water saturation above irreducible water saturation indicate the presence of mobile water. Using a representative relative permeability curve, or a reservoir-specific relative permeability curve, relations can be established between water saturations above irreducible and the accompanying relative permeability, both to hydrocarbons and water. Once this is available, effective permeabilities to each phase can be calculated level-by-level. The procedure involves comparing differences between water saturation and irreducible water saturation with measured relative permeabilities to both wetting and non-wetting phases, expressed as exponential equations. Effective permeabilities are then available as the product of relative permeability and log-estimated permeability. By factoring in mobility ratios of hydrocarbons and water, it is then possible to estimate profiles of water cuts in oil/water systems, or barrels of water per million cubic feet of gas (Bbl/MMCFG) in gas/water systems. Examples are presented for both oil/water and gas/water systems, showing good correlation with fluid production from well tests.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Accelerated Catalysis of the Ullmann Condensation: Application to Hole Conducting Triarylamines. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Auto-Scaling Approach for Cloud based Mobile Learning Applications (2019)

In the last decade, mobile learning applications have attracted a significant amount of attention. Huge investments have been made to develop educational applications that can be implemented on mobile devices. However, mobile learning applications have some limitations, such as storage space and battery life. Cloud computing provides a new idea to solve some limitations of mobile learning applications. However, there are other limitations, like scalability, that must be solved before mobile cloud learning can become completely operational. There are two main problems with scalability. The first occurs when the application server’s performance declines due to an increase in the number of requests, which affects usability. The second is that a decrease in the number of requests makes most application servers idle and therefore wastes money. These two problems can be avoided or minimized by provisioning auto-scaling techniques that permit the acquisition and release of resources dynamically to accommodate demand. In this paper, we propose an intelligent neuro-fuzzy reinforcement learning approach to solve the scalability problem in mobile cloud learning applications, and evaluate the proposed approach against some of the existing approaches via MATLAB. The large state space and long training time required to find the optimal policy are the main problems of reinforcement learning. We use fuzzy Q-learning to solve the large state space problem by grouping similar variables in the same state; there is then no need to use large look-up tables. The use of parallel learning agents reduces the training time needed to determine optimal policies. The experimental results prove that the proposed approach is able to increase learning speed and reduce the training time needed to determine optimal policies.
Quantitative Analysis Reveals Asynchronous and more than DSB-Associated Histone H2AX Phosphorylation after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation (2006)

Rapid phosphorylation of histone H2AX after exposure of cells to ionizing radiation occurs at DSB sites and extends to a region including as much as 30 Mbp of chromatin to form visible microscopic structures called gamma-H2AX foci. Although the kinetics of total cellular histone H2AX phosphorylation after irradiation has been characterized, we still know little about the phosphorylation kinetics of individual gamma-H2AX foci. In addition, there are hundreds of smaller gamma-H2AX foci that are not associated with DNA double-strand breaks. We refer to these sites as DSB-unrelated gamma-H2AX foci. By using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, deconvolution and three-dimensional image analysis, we established an objective method to quantitatively analyze each gamma-H2AX focus as well as to discriminate DSB-related gamma-H2AX foci from DSB-unrelated gamma-H2AX foci. Using this method, we found that histone H2AX phosphorylation at different DSB sites was asynchronous after exposure to ionizing radiation. This may reflect the heterogeneous characteristic of free DNA ends that are generated under these conditions. In addition, we found that increased histone H2AX phosphorylation also occurred outside of DSB sites after exposure to ionizing radiation. The function of this DSB-unassociated phosphorylation is not known.