gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whatever happened to Human Rights? (1990)

Whatever happened to Human Rights? Like you, I think it is an odd title for a lecture; but in the end I settled for it rather than the alternative which sounded even odder—whatever has not happened to Human Rights since their grand eruption, forty years ago? Only ten years before that, the expression was still unfamiliar in the English-speaking world. The expression ‘The Rights of Man’ was familiar enough, but it did not necessarily mean the same thing and I cannot see that it was often seriously used with the same intention. ‘Human Rights’ only began to come into use through the second half of the Second World War. It was found apt for describing what the United Nations conceived themselves as fighting for, and what they undertook to do something constructive.about when the fighting was over. They gave it prominence in general terms in their Charter of principles and plans for the post-war world, and left the working-out of the Human Rights details to a committee (the embryo of the present Human Rights Commission). After about two years’ work, its draft Declaration then went back to the UN's debating mills and after being not too badly messed about was accepted nem con by the. General Assembly on 10 December 1948. An idea which, depending on your cultural point of view was either impressively old or excitingly new, had gone into orbit.
Cimetidine in Recurrent Genital Herpes Simplex Infection (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1984Cimetidine in Recurrent Genital Herpes Simplex InfectionDENIS WAKEFIELD, M.B.B.S.DENIS WAKEFIELD, M.B.B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-6-882_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Recurrent genital infection with herpes simplex virus is a common clinical problem associated with considerable morbidity. A large number of different therapeutic regimes have previously been reported. The use of immunomodulatory agents, such as Cimetidine, has not been comprehensively assessed; however, experience with this agent in the treatment of other herpes viral infections indicates a possible beneficial effect (1, 2). The mode of action of Cimetidine in this context has not been fully elucidated but may relate to the effect of the drug on suppressor T-cell function (3).Over a 6-month period, six patients (three men and...References1. VAN DER SPUY S, LEVY D, and LEVIN W. Cimetidine in the treatment of herpesvirus infections. S Afr Med J. 1980;58:112-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. GOLDSTEIN J. Cimetidine and mononucleosis. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:410-1. LinkGoogle Scholar3. THOMAS Y, HUCHET R, and GRANJON D. Histamine-induced suppressor cells of lymphocyte mitogenic response. Cell Immunol. 1981;59:268-75. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. STRAUS S, TAKIFF H, and SEIDLIN M. Suppression of frequently recurring genital herpes: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial of oral acyclovir. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:1545-50. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. DOUGLAS J, CRITCHLOW C, and BENEDETTI J. A double-blind study of oral acyclovir for suppression of recurrences of genital herpes simplex virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:1151-6. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DENIS WAKEFIELD, M.B.B.S.Affiliations: University of New South Wales Kensington, New South Wales, Australia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCOVID-19: History of Disease Avoidance, Social Spacing and Work/Home MatrixCimetidine and zinc sulfate in the treatment of relapsing herpetic infectionsCimetidine therapy of herpes simplex virus infections in immunocompromised patientsH2-Antagonists and the Common ColdA. SICORE, M.D. 1 December 1984Volume 101, Issue 6Page: 882-882KeywordsDrugsGenital anatomyHerpes simplexMorbidity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Inhibitors of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 suppress transcriptional activation in lymphocytes and ameliorate autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats (2002)

1. In the presence of genotoxic stress poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) leads to NAD(+) and ATP depletion, participating in the pathogenesis of several disorders including inflammation. Accordingly, chemical inhibitors of PARP-1 are efficacious anti-inflammatories, albeit the underlying molecular mechanisms are still under debate. 2. This study investigated the effect of the PARP-1 inhibitors 6(5H)-phenanthridinone and benzamide as well as that of benzoic acid, an inactive analogue of benzamide, on development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats. Both 6(5H)-phenanthridinone and benzamide attenuated development of EAE, reducing clinical score, neuroimmune infiltration and expression of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1beta and -2, cyclooxygenase-2, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in the spinal cord of myelin-immunized rats. Importantly, no evidence of NAD(+) and ATP depletion as well as poly(ADP-ribose) formation was detected in the spinal cord. 3. By contrast, a robust formation of poly(ADP-ribose) occurred in B- and T-cell areas in lymph nodes of myelin-immunized rats and was suppressed by the treatment with 6(5H)-phenanthridinone and benzamide. In cultures of activated rat lymphocytes, 6(5H)-phenanthridinone and benzamide reduced the DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB and AP-1 and transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-2, interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. 4. Notably, benzoic acid did not reproduce the in vivo and in vitro effects of its parent compound. 5. These findings indicate that PARP-1 promotes transcriptional activation in lymphocytes and inhibitors of its enzymatic activity are useful for the treatment of autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system.
Equipment cell liners for liquid-metal-cooled fast breeder reactors (1976)

Concepts and practices used in the design of equipment cell liners for liquid-metal-cooled fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) systems were surveyed to ascertain the manner by which the functional requirements were satisfied, the severity of sodium spills the liners were designed to accommodate, and the problems encountered in design and construction. The survey was limited to ''loop-type'' LMFBRs, with primary interest on recently constructed plants. Steel-lined concrete structures are discussed; cell-liner designs used in several LMFBR plants are described with particular emphasis on the Southwest Experimental Fast Oxide Reactor (SEFOR), which uses a fixed liner, and the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF), which uses a free-floating liner; and research and development work believed necessary to permit a rational and thorough assessment of cell- liner design concept is identified.
Social Theory and Social Practice (1968)

Journal Article Social Theory and Social Practice Get access Kenneth Megill Kenneth Megill University of Florida Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Monist, Volume 52, Issue 3, 1 July 1968, Pages 452–464, https://doi.org/10.5840/monist196852329 Published: 23 December 2014
Comparing and combining GPU and FPGA accelerators in an image processing context (2013)

Nowadays, processors alone cannot deliver what computation hungry image processing applications demand. An alternative is to use hardware accelerators such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Applications, however, exhibit different performance characteristics depending on the accelerator. This paper describes the hybrid platform and the programming environment that allows to efficiently create programs on a combined GPU/FPGA desktop. We use the roofline model to identify the most appropriate accelerator for each application and High-Level Synthesis (HLS) tools to reduce the FPGA development time. To introduce our platform and tool chain both accelerators are compared by implementing a basic image operation. Next, a promising algorithm is explored and implemented, splitting and distributing the work between GPU, FPGA and CPU in order to validate the hybrid concept. Our results show that their combination exhibits a higher performance for computational intensive image processing applications than a GPU only.
Abemaciclib, a Selective CDK4/6 Inhibitor, Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> To characterize the ionizing radiation (IR) enhancing effects and underlying mechanisms of the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i><b>Experimental Design:</b> IR enhancement by abemaciclib in a variety of NSCLC cell lines was assessed by <i>in vitro</i> clonogenic assay, flow cytometry, and target inhibition verified by immunoblotting. IR-induced DNA damage repair was evaluated by γH2AX analysis. Global metabolic alterations by abemaciclib and IR combination were evaluated by LC/MS mass spectrometry and YSI bioanalyzer. Effects of abemaciclib and IR combination <i>in vivo</i> were studied by xenograft tumor regrowth delay, xenograft lysate immunoblotting, and tissue section immunohistochemistry.<b>Results:</b> Abemaciclib enhanced the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells independent of RAS or EGFR status. Enhancement of radiosensitivity was lost in cell lines deficient for functional p53 and RB protein. After IR, abemaciclib treatment inhibited DNA damage repair as measured by γH2AX. Mechanistically, abemaciclib inhibited RB phosphorylation, leading to cell-cycle arrest. It also inhibited mTOR signaling and reduced intracellular amino acid pools, causing nutrient stress. <i>In vivo</i>, abemaciclib, when administered in an adjuvant setting for the second week after fractionated IR, further inhibited vasculogenesis and tumor regrowth, with sustained inhibition of RB/E2F activity, mTOR pathway, and HIF-1 expression. In summary, our study signifies inhibiting the CDK4/6 pathway by abemaciclib in combination with IR as a promising therapeutic strategy to treat NSCLC.<b>Conclusions:</b> Abemaciclib in combination with IR enhances NSCLC radiosensitivity in preclinical models, potentially providing a novel biomarker-driven combination therapeutic strategy for patients with NSCLC. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3994-4005. ©2018 AACR</i>.
A New Synthesis of Ylidenemalononitriles (1974)

Abstract Ylidenemalononitriles are useful reagents, reactive as Michael acceptors2, and in the synthesis of indenones and indanones3, aminonaphthalenes4, and lactones5. Syntheses of these reagents usually involves a typical Knoevenagel reaction between a carbonyl compound and malononitrile, catalyzed by base6. Yields in this condensation vary widely, and are especially poor with hindered ketones and diaryl ketones. For example, Schenck and Finken7 allowed equivalent amounts of benzophenone and malononitrile to react in alcohol for four days, with ammonia as catalyst, and obtained a 13% yield of the corresponding ylidenemalononitrile. Later this was increased by removing water from a refluxing benzene solution of the reactants for 48 hrs3. Although a 68% yield was reported, it was based on unrecovered ketone, and the actual yield was less than 40%. Charles8 has reported the synthesis of the same substance by condensing the
Asymmetric Heterogeneous Catalysis: Science and Engineering (2005)

Asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis is a vivid branch of catalysis, remaining, however, largely a domain of organic chemists. The view towards asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis adopted in this review is mainly from catalytic science and engineering. Not only reaction mechanisms, but also catalytic properties, kinetic regularities, as well as chemical engineering aspects, are covered with the main focus on recent developments.
Complementary polytopic interactions (CPI) as revealed by molecular modelling using the XED force field (2001)

To explain 1 ∶ 1 compound formation between HAT (2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaalkoxytriphenylene) discogens and PTP (2,3,6,7,10,11-hexakis(4-alkylphenyl)triphenylene or PDQ (2,3,6,7,10,11-hexakis(4-alkylphenyl)dipyrazino[2,3,-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline) derivatives we have exploited the XED (extended electron distribution) force field method. This is the only method that we have found which is able to explain why compound formation occurs in some cases but not in others. Not only is the force field successful in the case of these discogens and in a number of systems investigated by Hunter and Rebek, but we also show that it can explain the observed stability of other π-stacked systems including HAT–TNF (trinitrofluorenone), benzene–hexafluorobenzene, triphenylene–perfluorotriphenylene, benzene multiyne–TNF systems and complementary mixtures of selectively fluorinated 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene derivatives. In each case the interaction is expressed as a sum of atom-based van der Waals and multipole interactions: a complementary polytopic interaction.
Nonlinear BCJR equalizer for suppression of intrachannel nonlinearities in 40 Gb/s optical communications systems (2006)

A maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) symbol decoding supplemented with iterative decoding is proposed as an effective mean for suppression of intrachannel nonlinearities. The MAP detector, based on Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv algorithm, operates on the channel trellis, a dynamical model of intersymbol interference, and provides soft-decision outputs processed further in an iterative decoder. A dramatic performance improvement is demonstrated. The main reason is that the conventional maximum-likelihood sequence detector based on Viterbi algorithm provides hard-decision outputs only, hence preventing the soft iterative decoding. The proposed scheme operates very well in the presence of strong intrachannel intersymbol interference, when other advanced forward error correction schemes fail, and it is also suitable for 40 Gb/s upgrade over existing 10 Gb/s infrastructure.
200 kV TEM with a Zernike Phase Plate (2005)

Journal Article 200 kV TEM with a Zernike Phase Plate Get access S Motoki, S Motoki JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F Hosokawa, F Hosokawa JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y Arai, Y Arai JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R Danev, R Danev Okazaki National Research Institute, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Nagayama K Nagayama Okazaki National Research Institute, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 11, Issue S02, 1 August 2005, Pages 708–709, https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192760550521X Published: 01 August 2005
Further studies with additives: Effects of phosphate esters and ammonium salts on the activity of leaf‐applied herbicides (1975)

Abstract The phytotoxicity of glyphosate applied to the leaves of dwarf bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and several woody species was enhanced by mixed butyl acid phosphates (BAP, a technical mixture of dibutyl hydrogen and butyl dihydrogen phosphates) or ammonium sulphate. Tributyl phosphate, or the mixed sodium salts of BAP, similarly increased the activity of aminotriazole. This type of effect did not occur with mixtures of this herbicide and inorganic ammonium salts or the ammonium salts of BAP. Neither phosphate esters nor ammonium salts enhanced the activity of paraquat. Ammonium BAP was more effective than sodium BAP as an activator for leaf‐applied picloram or MCPA salts. While phosphate esters and ammonium salts probably have separate modes of action they have similar effects in mixture with many water‐soluble herbicides and for many purposes may be regarded as alternative activators. Ammonium salts, particularly ammonium sulphate, have obvious advantages because of their cheapness and low mammalian toxicity.
A New Y<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Phase Produced by Liquid‐Feed Flame Spray Pyrolysis (LF‐FSP) (2005)

Liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis allows the synthesis of 20 nm diameter hexagonal Y3Al5O12 nanopowders (see Figure) that show no evidence of a yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) phase. The nanopowders can be easily formed into green bodies that sinter to the YAG phase at nearly full density. This novel material offers potential for making high-quality YAG materials including ceramic lasers with exceptional control of processing parameters.
Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Levels of the Bcl-2 Antisense G3139 in Cultured Cells and Treated Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2005)

This is the first evidence that measurable intracellular levels of G3139 are achievable in vivo in acute myeloid leukemia patients and that Bcl-2 down-regulation is likely to depend on the achievable intracellular concentrations rather than on plasma concentrations.
Synergistic activation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production by IL-1 and IL-2 in murine Th1 cells. (1989)

Recent reports indicate that murine CD4+ Th1-type cloned T cells are insensitive to IL-1 because specific IL-1R are not detected on these cells and IL-1 does not modulate proliferative responses. However, we have determined that Th1 clones can respond to IL-1, because they function synergistically with IL-2 to induce granulocyte-macrophage-CSF secretion. This response to IL-1 plus IL-2 could be induced by IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta and by membrane-bound IL-1 on macrophages. However, IL-1R could not be detected, and Th1 cells did not respond to IL-4 in the presence or absence of IL-1, as measured by either proliferation or granulocyte-macrophage-CSF production. Therefore, IL-1 functioned as a cofactor in Th1 cells stimulated with IL-2, but not with IL-4. A possible mechanism whereby IL-1 activates Th1 cells is discussed.
Adoptive cell therapy in combination with checkpoint inhibitors in ovarian cancer (2020)

Immune therapy is a promising field within oncology but has been unsuccessful in ovarian cancer (OC). Still, there is rationale and evidence supporting immune therapy in OC. We investigated the potential for adoptive cell therapy (ACT) from in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in combination with checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and conducted immunological testing of <i>ex vivo</i> expanded TILs (REP-TILs). Six patients with late-stage metastatic high-grade serous OC were treated with immune therapy consisting of ipilimumab followed by surgery to obtain TILs and infusion of REP-TILs, low-dose IL-2 and nivolumab. One patient achieved a partial response and 5 others experienced disease stabilization for up to 12 months. Analysis of the REP-TILs with flow- and mass-cytometry show primarily activated and differentiated effector memory T cells. REP-TILs showed in vitro reactivity and expression of inhibitory receptors, such as LAG-3 and PD-1. Furthermore, our data indicate that addition of ipilimumab therapy improves the T cell fold expansion during production, increase the level of CD8 T cell tumor reactivity, and favorably affect the T cell phenotype. We show that the combination of ICI and ACT is feasible and safe. With one partial response and one long-lasting SD, we demonstrated the potential of ACT in OC.
Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of DNA Replication Sites in Mammalian Cells (1998)

Fluorescence microscopic analysis of newly replicated DNA has revealed discrete granular sites of replication (RS). The average size and number of replication sites from early to mid S-phase suggest that each RS contains numerous replicons clustered together. We are using fluorescence laser scanning confocal microscopy in conjunction with multidimensional image analysis to gain more precise information about RS and their spatial-temporal dynamics. Using a newly improved imaging segmentation program, we report an average of approximately 1,100 RS after a 5-min pulse labeling of 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells in early S-phase. Pulse-chase-pulse double labeling experiments reveal that RS take approximately 45 min to complete replication. Appropriate calculations suggest that each RS contains an average of 1 mbp of DNA or approximately 6 average-sized replicons. Double pulse-double chase experiments demonstrate that the DNA sequences replicated at individual RS are precisely maintained temporally and spatially as the cell progresses through the cell cycle and into subsequent generations. By labeling replicated DNA at the G1/S borders for two consecutive cell generations, we show that the DNA synthesized at early S-phase is replicated at the same time and sites in the next round of replication.
CT image enhancement with wavelet analysis for the detection of small airways disease (1997)

Bronchiolar obstruction is commonly manifested in computed tomography (CT) images as areas of decreased attenuation relative to adjacent normal lung parenchyma. The certain identification of such areas is difficult in practice, particularly if they are poorly marginated. This paper presents a novel approach to the enhancement of feature differences between normal and diseased lung parenchyma so that reliable visual assessment can be made. The method relies on a hybrid structural filtering technique which removes pulmonary vessels appearing in the CT cross-sectional images without affecting intrinsic subtle intensity details of the lung parenchyma. In order to restore possible structural distortions introduced by the hybrid filter, a feature localization process based on wavelet reconstruction of feature extrema is used. After contrast enhancement the resultant images are used to delineate region borders of the diseased areas and quantification is made with regard to the extent of the disease.
Glycosphingolipids of Human Large Intestine: Detailed Structural Characterization with Special Reference to Blood Group Compounds and Bacterial Receptor Structures1 (1991)

Non-acid glycosphingolipid expression was studied in the large intestines from four individuals with the A1Le(a-b+), BLe(a-b+), and OLe(a-b+) blood group phenotypes. In the A1Le(a-b+) case, specimens were taken from the ascending and sigmoid parts of the large intestine in order to compare the expression of glycolipids in the proximal and distal regions of the intestine. In one blood group OLe(a-b+) individual, epithelial cells were isolated from the residual stroma to compare the glycolipid compositions in these two tissue compartments. GlcCer, GalCer, LacCer, Gb3Cer, and Gb4Cer were the major compounds in all three individuals, as shown by mass spectrometry, proton NMR spectroscopy, and degradation studies. The Lea-5 glycolipid was the major complex blood group glycolipid in all individuals, except in the proximal ascending part of the large intestine of the A1Le(a-b+) case, in which the Leb-6 glycolipid was predominant. There were trace amounts of blood group ABH glycolipids, in agreement with the ABO blood group phenotypes of the donors, Lewis antigens with more than six sugar residues in the carbohydrate chain, and blood group X and Y glycolipid antigens. The epithelial cells were dominated by monoglycosylceramides and the Lea-5 glycolipid, while only trace amounts of di-, tri-, and tetraglycosylceramide structures were present. No reactivity was seen in the epithelial cell fraction with Gal alpha 1-4Gal specific Escherichia coli, anti-Pk, or anti-P antibodies, indicating the absence of the glycolipid-borne Gal alpha 1-4Gal sequence in human large intestinal epithelial cells.