gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enabling Clone Detection For Ethereum Via Smart Contract Birthmarks (2019)

The Ethereum ecosystem has introduced a pervasive blockchain platform with programmable transactions. Everyone is allowed to develop and deploy smart contracts. Such flexibility can lead to a large collection of similar contracts, i.e., clones, especially when Ethereum applications are highly domain-specific and may share similar functionalities within the same domain, e.g., token contracts often provide interfaces for money transfer and balance inquiry. While smart contract clones have a wide range of impact across different applications, e.g., security, they are relatively little studied. Although clone detection has been a long-standing research topic, blockchain smart contracts introduce new challenges, e.g., syntactic diversity due to trade-off between storage and execution, understanding high-level business logic etc.. In this paper, we highlighted the very first attempt to clone detection of Ethereum smart contracts. To overcome the new challenges, we introduce the concept of smart contract birthmark, i.e., a semantic-preserving and computable representation for smart contract bytecode. The birthmark captures high-level semantics by effectively sketching symbolic execution traces (e.g., data access dependencies, path conditions) and maintain syntactic regularities (e.g., type and number of instructions) as well. Then, the clone detection problem is reduced to a computation of statistical similarity between two contract birthmarks. We have implemented a clone detector called EClone and evaluated it on Ethereum. The empirical results demonstrated the potential of EClone in accurately identifying clones. We have also extended EClone for vulnerability search and managed to detect CVE-2018-10376 instances.
4.4.4 Adapting UML for an Object Oriented Systems Engineering Method (OOSEM) (2000)

Abstract Object‐oriented (OO) techniques have been used predominately by software engineers. Why would systems engineers want to add OO techniques to their existing practices? How should such techniques be adapted to be useful to systems engineers? This paper will show how an Object‐Oriented Systems Engineering Method (OOSEM) addresses these questions and how the use of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) at the systems engineering (SE) level can facilitate capture of system requirements and design information and ease communication between systems and software engineers. The techniques overviewed in this paper have been applied to information systems and have allowed engineers to model system needs, requirements, architectural design, and their allocation to hardware, software, databases, and manual procedures. The authors believe that OOSEM is applicable to engineering of other types of systems as well.
In vivo repair of full-thickness cartilage defect with human iPSC-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells in a rabbit model (2017)

Cell-based tissue engineering has the potential to restore cartilage defects. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are regarded as an alternative cell source in regenerative medicine. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human iPSCs (hiPSCs) for the regeneration of cartilage defects in a rabbit model. Cartilage defects were made in the patellar grooves of New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were then divided into three groups according to implantation: Control group, scaffold implantation group and scaffold/hiPSCs-MSCs (experimental) group. MSCs were generated from hiPSCs via a step of embryoid body formation. Following flow cytological analysis, the hiPSCs-MSCs were plated onto poly(lactic-co-glycolide) and then transplanted into the cartilage defects in the experimental group. Six rabbits from each group were sacrificed at each time point. The outcome was assessed macroscopically and histologically at 3 and 6 weeks post-surgery. At 3 and 6 weeks, the experimental group showed more cartilage defect filling compared with the control and scaffold implantation groups. At 3 weeks, the experimental group showed much more repair tissue in the cartilage defect, although no cartilage-like tissue was observed. At 6 weeks, cartilage-like tissue was observed in the experimental group but not in the control or scaffold implantation groups. No teratoma formation was observed in any of the groups. The results indicate that iPSCs have the potential to repair cartilage defects <i>in vivo</i>. Therefore, iPSCs could be a new cell source for cartilage defect repair.
Matrix converters (2004)

This paper deals with the vector-controlled MCT matrix converter induction motor drive with minimized commutation time and enchanced waveform quality. It also deals with the design, construction, and testing of a 10-kVA three-phase to three-phase matrix converter induction motor drive. The converter has been built using discrete 65 A metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) controlled thyristors (MCTs). The commutation time has been minimized to avoid any unnecessary waveform distortion, particularly at low demanded output voltages. This minimization gives the matrix converter superior waveform quality in comparison to a conventional inverter and maximizes the available converter output voltage before over modulation is required. The converter is vector controlled and has been tested using a 12-hp induction motor. Full results of these tests are presented.
Collecting data for comparability: benchmarking software development productivity (2001)

Whether you are benchmarking an organization or simply a project, it all boils down to one thing-data. Do you have the necessary data in your company, and is that data valid and comparable? How can you access data from other organizations? To help you answer these questions and avoid some common serious mistakes in the benchmarking process, the author has summarized her practical real-life experiences with software project data collection and benchmarking efforts in the guidelines.
Baseplate for two-stage cranial mounting of BMI connectors (2013)

Our baseplate design improves on the current skull-mounted connectors, leading to better outcomes for subjects and fewer catastrophic failure events that can terminate resource intensive intracortical recording experiments.
Analysis of single‐cell cultures by immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection (2001)

Neuropeptide regulation of immunological activity is becoming an important issue in both basic and clinical sciences, necessitating the need for analysis to be performed at the single-cell level. A microsampling procedure has been developed for studying secretion of biologically important peptides from neuropeptide-stimulated lymphocytes, based on microdialysis sampling coupled to immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis (ICE), with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection using a fibre-optic spectrometer and diode laser excitation. The system demonstrated a limit of detection in the high attomole (10−18 mol/L) range with pure standards and was capable of monitoring secretion from a single cell over time. Using this system it was possible to differentiate the effects of four neuropeptides on both T and B cell release of regulatory cytokines. CD4+ lymphocytes demonstrated a 7.5-fold increase in cytokine secretion over baseline following stimulation with substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). B cells responded to CGRP and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulation (5.5-fold increase), but not to SP. These changes took place 12–20 h post-stimulation and, once the peak secretion had been reached, remained at that level for the duration of the experiment. This system demonstrates the ability to perform high sensitivity measurements on microsamples of biological fluids. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gonadotrophin-induced gene regulation in human granulosa cells obtained from IVF patients. Modulation of steroidogenic genes, cytoskeletal genes and genes coding for apoptotic signalling and protein kinases (2004)

Gonadotrophins exert a major effect on ovarian development and on the control of fertilization. By stimulating cells with forskolin (FK), it is possible to study which genes are activated by gonadotrophins via the cAMP cascade, and which by alternative pathways. Using RNA isolated from stimulated cells, we found that 59% of the total genes modulated by LH were also modulated by FK, while 69% of the genes modulated exclusively by FSH were also modulated by FK. Gene transcripts involved in steroidogenesis/progesterone production were highly elevated, while 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was down-regulated. This suggests that a decrease in the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone and estrone to estradiol occurs during luteinization. Down-regulation of genes coding for actin cytoskeleton proteins and cytokeratin 18 was observed in response to gonadotrophin and cAMP stimulation. Several of the genes coding for the microtubule network were also modulated, implying that rearrangement of the cytoskeletal proteins permits better coupling between organelles involved in steroidogenesis. A dramatic change in gene transcripts coding for signalling enzymes was observed following LH stimulation. This includes the down-regulation of adenylyl cyclase 7 and 9, elevation of cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterase, and the up-regulation of a negative regulator of G-protein signalling (RGS16) that may negate gonadotrophin signalling via guanine nucleotide binding proteins. Thus luteinized cells, despite increased gene transcripts to LH/chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) receptors, respond inefficiently to gonadotrophin stimulation, due to attenuation of signal transduction in the cAMP cascade at multiple steps. Novel genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis were found for the first time to be up-regulated by gonadotrophin stimulation, including: BAX inhibitor-1, granulysin and apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC). These proteins may be involved in a unique alternative pathway of ovarian cell death. Such a pathway could temporarily preserve the mitochondria and progesterone production during the initial stages of granulosa cell apoptosis.
A Comparison of the Corrosion Resistance of Iron-Based Amorphous Metals and Austenitic Alloys in Synthetic Brines at Elevated Temperature (2008)

Several hard, corrosion-resistant and neutron-absorbing iron-based amorphous alloys have now been developed that can be applied as thermal spray coatings. These new alloys include relatively high concentrations of Cr, Mo, and W for enhanced corrosion resistance, and substantial B to enable both glass formation and neutron absorption. The corrosion resistances of these novel alloys have been compared to that of several austenitic alloys in a broad range of synthetic brines, with and without nitrate inhibitor, at elevated temperature. Linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been used for in situ measurement of corrosion rates for prolonged periods of time, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) have been used for ex situ characterization of samples at the end of tests. The application of these new coatings for the protection of spent nuclear fuel storage systems, equipment in nuclear service, steel-reinforced concrete will be discussed.
Interfacial Electron-Transfer Dynamics in Ru(tcterpy)(NCS)<sub>3</sub>-Sensitized TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystalline Solar Cells (2002)

The anchoring of the ruthenium dye {(C4H9)4N}[Ru(Htcterpy)(NCS)3] (with tcterpy = 4,4‘,4‘ ‘-tricarboxy-2,2‘:6‘,2‘ ‘-terpyridine), the so-called black dye, onto nanocrystalline TiO2 films has been characterized by UV−vis and FT-IR spectroscopies. FT-IR spectroscopy data suggest that dye molecules are bound to the surface by a bidentate binuclear coordination mode. The interfacial electron-transfer (ET) dynamics has been investigated by femtosecond pump−probe transient absorption spectroscopy and nanosecond laser flash photolysis. The electron-injection process from the dye excited state into the TiO2 conduction band is biexponential with a fast component (200 ± 50 fs) and a slow component (20 ps). These two components can be attributed to the electron injection from the initially formed and the relaxed dye excited states, respectively. Nanosecond kinetic data suggest the existence of two distinguishable regimes (I and II) for the rates of reactions between injected electrons and oxidized dye molecules or oxidized redox species (D+ or I2•-). The frontier between these two regimes is defined by the number of injected electrons per particle (Ne), which was determined to be about 1. The present kinetic study was undertaken within regime I (Ne > 1). Under these conditions, the back-electron-transfer kinetics is comparable to that in systems with other ruthenium complexes adsorbed onto TiO2. The reduction of oxidized dye molecules by iodide results in the formation of I2•- on a very fast time scale (<20 ns). Within regime I, the decay of I2•- occurs in ∼100 ns via reaction with injected electrons (I2•- + e- → 2I-). In regime II (Ne ≤ 1), which corresponds to the normal operating conditions of dye-sensitized solar cells, the decay of I2•- is very slow and likely occurs via the dismutation reaction (2I2•-→ I- + I3-). Our results predict that, under high light intensity (Ne > 1), the quantum efficiency losses in dye-sensitized solar cells will be important because of the dramatic acceleration of the reaction between I2•- and injected electrons. Mechanisms for the ET reactions involving injected electrons are proposed. The relevance of the present kinetic studies for dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells is discussed.
Visual signatures for financial time series (2011)

Information visualization techniques have been applied to many research fields in recent years. This paper introduces the concept of visual signature for financial time series. Unlike other information visualization, visual signatures are designed to more proactively reveal visual patterns of market data. Previous research on visualizing financial time series is discussed and compared. This paper shows how the concept of visual signature helps professional analysts obtain instant and useful visual messages from it.
Triazine-mediated controlled radical polymerization: new unimolecular initiators (2015)

Triazine-based unimolecular initiators are shown to mediate the controlled radical polymerization of several monomer classes, yielding polymers with low dispersities, targeted molecular weights, and active chain ends.
New concepts for complete product assembly modeling (1993)

Article Free Access Share on New concepts for complete product assembly modeling Authors: Jin-Kang Gui View Profile , Martti Mäntylä View Profile Authors Info & Claims SMA '93: Proceedings on the second ACM symposium on Solid modeling and applicationsJune 1993 Pages 397–406https://doi.org/10.1145/164360.164490Published:01 June 1993Publication History 6citation597DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads597Last 12 Months13Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Semiflexible Chain Networks Formed via Self-Assembly of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math>-Hairpin Molecules (2004)

We report experimental results from a de novo designed oligopeptide that intermolecularly self-assembles into rigid hydrogel networks after an intramolecular folding event. Microscopy and neutron scattering reveal a fibril local structure that is approximately 3 nm in diameter and over several hundred nanometers in length. Oscillatory rheology suggests that the peptidic network viscoelastic behavior follows that theoretically predicted for heavily cross-linked, semiflexible polymer networks.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Photon Migration in 3D Turbid Media Accelerated by Graphics Processing Units (2009)

We report a parallel Monte Carlo algorithm accelerated by graphics processing units (GPU) for modeling time-resolved photon migration in arbitrary 3D turbid media. By taking advantage of the massively parallel threads and low-memory latency, this algorithm allows many photons to be simulated simultaneously in a GPU. To further improve the computational efficiency, we explored two parallel random number generators (RNG), including a floating-point-only RNG based on a chaotic lattice. An efficient scheme for boundary reflection was implemented, along with the functions for time-resolved imaging. For a homogeneous semi-infinite medium, good agreement was observed between the simulation output and the analytical solution from the diffusion theory. The code was implemented with CUDA programming language, and benchmarked under various parameters, such as thread number, selection of RNG and memory access pattern. With a low-cost graphics card, this algorithm has demonstrated an acceleration ratio above 300 when using 1792 parallel threads over conventional CPU computation. The acceleration ratio drops to 75 when using atomic operations. These results render the GPU-based Monte Carlo simulation a practical solution for data analysis in a wide range of diffuse optical imaging applications, such as human brain or small-animal imaging.
Self-oscillating rubidium magnetometer using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (2005)

The detection of nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) of polarized light through alkali atomic vapor is a highly sensitive technique for measuring magnetic fields. We demonstrate that when using frequency modulated light to excite the NMOR resonance, it is possible to cause the system to self-oscillate. The NMOR signal is not a simple replica of the sine wave modulation of the light, but rather contains many higher harmonics of the modulation frequency, and we implement two ways of processing the signal to recover the fundamental modulation frequency in the feedback loop and induce self-oscillation. Self-oscillation simplifies and reduces the power consumption of the electronics required to operate a magnetometer, making the NMOR technique attractive for commercialized magnetic sensors.
Field Measurement of Windshield Surface Wear (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An instrument is described which permits the measurement of scattered light on windshields in cars in full daylight. It presents the intensities of the scattered light as a diagram and calculates two indices, which can be associated with the most prominent types of wear, i.e. impact of small stones and wiper damage.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The instrument is easy to operate and permits inspection of a large number of windshields in a short time. Measurements on 700 vehicles indicate a linear increase in wear due to impact of small stones with mileage and a more-than-linear increase of wiper damage. Vehicles of identical mileage can have very different values depending on the type of use.</div>
Formation of Diphosphates. A NMR Study on the Mechanism and Stereochemistry of Diphosphate Formation from Chiral Dioxaphosphorinanes (2000)

During the use of chiral 2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes as derivatizing reagents in the enantiomeric excess determination of amines, alcohols, and unprotected amino acids, minor traces of side reaction products were observed by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Analysis of the reaction mixture showed that the side products are in fact diphosphates and several intermediates leading to their formation. From an analytical, mechanistic, and stereochemical point of view, the study of unexpected new reaction intermediates leading to diphosphates is of particular interest. Due to the easy structural modification of the starting materials in both enantiomerically pure and racemic forms as well as easy access to oxygen-labeled materials for complete structural elucidation of both intermediates and diphosphates, we accomplished a complete structural analysis. Also a mechanistic proposal for their formation proved possible using 1D and 2D 1H and 31P NMR techniques as well as the X-ray data of both starting material and two of the products.
Computing Consensus Translation for Multiple Machine Translation Systems Using Enhanced Hypothesis Alignment (2006)

This paper describes a novel method for computing a consensus translation from the outputs of multiple machine translation (MT) systems. The outputs are combined and a possibly new translation hypothesis can be generated. Similarly to the well-established ROVER approach of (Fiscus, 1997) for combining speech recognition hypotheses, the consensus translation is computed by voting on a confusion network. To create the confusion network, we produce pairwise word alignments of the original machine translation hypotheses with an enhanced statistical alignment algorithm that explicitly models word reordering. The context of a whole document of translations rather than a single sentence is taken into account to produce the alignment. The proposed alignment and voting approach was evaluated on several machine translation tasks, including a large vocabulary task. The method was also tested in the framework of multi-source and speech translation. On all tasks and conditions, we achieved significant improvements in translation quality, increasing e. g. the BLEU score by as much as 15% relative.
Toxicity following protein a treatment of metastatic breast adenocarcinoma (1988)

The toxic effects of protein A (Prosorba, IMRE Corporation, Seattle, WA) treatments given as part of an on-line plasmapheresis or off-line procedure were determined in a Phase I Study. Patients were randomized and treated 12 times either once per week or three times per week with a Prosorba column containing 50 or 200 mg protein A. Treated plasma volumes varied from 150 ml off-line to 2000 ml on-line. Seven patients having advanced metastatic breast adenocarcinoma patients were evaluated. All had advanced progressive disease that was resistant to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Greater than 50% regression of measurable tumor volume occurred in four of seven patients; an additional patient responded with 33.5% regression. Two patients with only bony metastases demonstrated stable disease for a 60-day period. Side effects resulting from protein A treatments included transient fever, chills, rigors, and infrequently nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, episodic hyper and/or hypotension, bronchospasm, venospasm, headache, joint and tumor pain. Mild to moderate reactions were seen in all patients regardless of clinical response, but abated spontaneously or were controlled with pretreatment and/or post treatment with antipyretics and/or antihistaminics. The side effects decreased notably during the course of the week with the more intense reaction occurring during the first treatment of the week. Side effects occurred regardless of column size or volume of plasma treated. In the course of 12 treatments, anemia requiring transfusion developed in two of seven patients. Significant tumor regression was obtained in this group of patients with advanced disease. In light of the mild to moderate side effects and tumor regression in five of seven of the patients treated, protein A treatment merits further evaluation to determine the effectiveness of this treatment in breast adenocarcinoma.