gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integer Programming Based Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Cluster Scheduler for SLURM Resource Manager (2012)

We present an integer programming based heterogeneous CPU-GPU cluster scheduler for the widely used SLURM resource manager. Our scheduler algorithm takes windows of jobs and solves an allocation problem in which free CPU cores and GPU cards are allocated collectively to jobs so as to maximize some objective function. We perform realistic SLURM emulation tests using the Effective System Performance (ESP) workloads. The test results show that our scheduler produces better resource utilization and shorter average job waiting times. The SLURM scheduler plug-in that implements our algorithm is available at http://code.google.com/p/slurm-ipsched/.
Rapid Extraction of Lycopene and β‐Carotene from Reconstituted Tomato Paste and Pink Grapefruit Homogenates (1990)

ABSTRACT Samples were extracted in Erlenmeyer flasks with hexane‐ethanol‐acetone (50:25:25). After extraction, 15 mL of water were added to separate the solution into polar and nonpolar layers. Lycopene was concentrated in the upper nonpolar phase while other components and polar pigments were contained in the lower polar phase. The lycopene phase was analyzed using isocratic HPLC with a C‐18 column and methanol‐THF‐water (67:27:6) mobile phase. Lycopene and (β‐caro‐tene eluted as chromatographically pure peaks.
Analysis of thermal stresses in ceramic composites dispersed with particles having interfacial FGM films. (1990)

This paper discusses the effects of a film at the particle/matrix interface in a particle-dispersed ceramic composite on the stresses due to thermal contraction mismatch upon cooling by using the formal elastic theory. The dispersed particles are assumed to be spherical and uniformly covered with films of FGMs or of other materials having various properties.Analysis is conducted for the particle/matrix systems, in particular for SiC/Al2O3 and Al2O3/MgO composites. Reduction of thermal stresses is shown to occur when the interfacial film is a sufficiently thick FGM film or has a lower Young's modulus.Also, when the particle has a lower thermal expansion coefficient than the matrix, the interfacial stresses decrease as the thermal expansion coefficient of the film increases.
Off-axis mirror based optical system design for circularization, collimation, and expansion of elliptical laser beams (2007)

In this paper, we present two optical system design methods for beam circularization, collimation, and expansion of semiconductor laser output beam for possible application in LIDAR systems. Two different optical mirror systems are investigated: an off-axis hyperbolic/parabolic mirror system and an off-axis parabolic mirror system. Equations specific to these mirror systems are derived and computer package programs such as ZEMAX and MATLAB are used to simulate the optical designs. The beam reshaping results are presented.
C Traps and Pitfalls (1989)

The C language is like a carving knife: simple, sharp, and extremely useful in skilled hands. Like any sharp tool, C can injure people who don’t know how to handle it. This paper shows some of the ways C can injure the unwary, and how to avoid injury. The C language and its typical implementations are designed to be used easily by experts. The language is terse and expressive. There are few restrictions to keep the user from blundering. A user who has blundered is often rewarded by an effect that is not obviously related to the cause. In this paper, we will look at some of these unexpected rewards. Because they are unexpected, it
Lactobacillus saniviri sp. nov. and Lactobacillus senioris sp. nov., isolated from human faeces (2011)

Two Gram-stain-positive strains, YIT 12363(T) and YIT 12364(T), were isolated from human faeces. They were rod-shaped, non-motile, asporogenous, facultatively anaerobic and did not exhibit catalase activity. Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA, pheS and rpoA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strains were members of the genus Lactobacillus. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the type strains of Lactobacillus casei (95.3% similarity), Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (95.6%), Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans (95.3%) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (95.4%) were the closest neighbours to strain YIT 12363(T). For strain YIT 12364(T), the highest similarity values were observed with the type strains of Lactobacillus diolivorans, Lactobacillus parafarraginis and Lactobacillus rapi (95.8, 96.0 and 96.0%, respectively). Phenotypic and genotypic features demonstrated that these strains each represent a separate novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, and the names Lactobacillus saniviri sp. nov. (type strain YIT 12363(T)=JCM 17471(T)=DSM 24301(T)) and Lactobacillus senioris sp. nov. (type strain YIT 12364(T)=JCM 17472(T)=DSM 24302(T)), respectively, are proposed.
The Emergence of a Dominant Party in Russia: United Russia, Putin, and Regional Elites, 2000–2010 (2017)

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ChemInform Abstract: Withasteroids, a Growing Group of Naturally Occurring Steroidal Lactones (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Probing the Transformation of Boron Nitride Catalysts under Oxidative Dehydrogenation Conditions (2018)

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) were recently reported as highly selective catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of alkanes to olefins in the gas phase. Previous studies revealed a substantial increase in surface oxygen content after exposure to ODH conditions (heating to ca. 500 °C under a flow of alkane and oxygen); however, the complexity of these materials has thus far precluded an in-depth understanding of the oxygenated surface species. In this contribution, we combine advanced NMR spectroscopy experiments with scanning electron microscopy and soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy to characterize the molecular structure of the oxygen functionalized phase that arises on h-BN and BNNT following catalytic testing for ODH of propane. The pristine BN materials are readily oxidized and hydrolyzed under ODH reaction conditions to yield a phase consisting of three-coordinate boron sites with variable numbers of hydroxyl and bridging oxide groups which is denoted B(OH) <sub>x</sub>O<sub>3- x</sub> (where x = 0-3). Evidence for this robust oxide phase revises previous literature hypotheses of hydroxylated BN edges as the active component on h-BN.
p21 Inhibits Thr161 Phosphorylation of Cdc2 to Enforce the G2 DNA Damage Checkpoint (2000)

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 is required for a sustained G(2) arrest after activation of the DNA damage checkpoint. Here we have addressed the mechanism by which p21 can contribute to this arrest in G(2). We show that p21 blocks the activating phosphorylation of Cdc2 on Thr(161). p21 does not interfere with the dephosphorylation of two inhibitory phosphorylation sites on Cdc2, Thr(14) and Tyr(15), indicating that p21 targets a different event in Cdc2 activation as the well described DNA damage checkpoint pathway involving Chk1 and Cdc25C. Taken together our data show that a cell is equipped with at least two independent pathways to ensure efficient inhibition of Cdc2 activity in response to DNA damage, influencing both positive and negative regulatory phosphorylation events on Cdc2.
Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Using Pt/MWNT–Pt/C Composites as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2009)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been synthesized by the pyrolysis of acetylene using hydrogen decrepitated Mischmetal based AB3 alloy hydride catalyst. Structural, morphological, and vibrational characterizations have been carried out using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. Pt-supported MWNTs (Pt/MWNTs) have been prepared by chemical reduction method using functionalized MWNTs. Composites of Pt/MWNTs and Pt/C in different weight proportions have been used as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and the performance on the accessibility of Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in PEMFC has been systematically studied. The cyclic voltammetric studies of the electrodes have been performed in order to understand the factors influencing the elecetrocatalytic activity and fuel cell performance and the results have been discussed.
Transformation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts by an expression vector for the human epidermal growth factor precursor. (1990)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) bind to a common cell surface receptor that mediates their diverse biological activities. NIH3T3 fibroblasts transfected with either full-length EGF precursor (preproEGF) or proTGF alpha cDNA displayed distinct patterns of growth in culture. PreproEGF induced focal transformation, and transfectants grew in a chemically defined medium (CDM) at low cell density in the absence of added EGF. In contrast, TGF alpha failed to cause focal transformation, and transfectants grew in CDM in the absence of added growth factors only when seeded at high cell density. The 53 amino acid EGF portion of the preproEGF translation product was essential for its effects. These results indicate that constitutive expression of preproEGF is sufficient to establish autocrine growth of NIH3T3 expressing low levels of EGF receptors. At high cell density, where paracrine as well as autocrine effects of these growth factors would be evident, TGF alpha transfectants displayed at least as high or higher levels of EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine phosphorylation than preproEGF transfectants. Since quantitative levels of ligand expression did not account for differences in their transforming properties, preproEGF must be more efficient than proTGF alpha in binding and/or activating EGF receptors in an autocrine manner.
Cloudy with a chance of breach: forecasting cyber security incidents (2015)

In this study we characterize the extent to which cyber security incidents, such as those referenced by Verizon in its annual Data Breach Investigations Reports (DBIR), can be predicted based on externally observable properties of an organization's network. We seek to proactively forecast an organization's breaches and to do so without cooperation of the organization itself. To accomplish this goal, we collect 258 externally measurable features about an organization's network from two main categories: mismanagement symptoms, such as misconfigured DNS or BGP within a network, and malicious activity time series, which include spam, phishing, and scanning activity sourced from these organizations. Using these features we train and test a Random Forest (RF) classifier against more than 1,000 incident reports taken from the VERIS community database, Hackmageddon, and the Web Hacking Incidents Database that cover events from mid-2013 to the end of 2014. The resulting classifier is able to achieve a 90% True Positive (TP) rate, a 10% False Positive (FP) rate, and an overall 90% accuracy.
Rational and Efficient Preparative Isolation of Natural Products by MPLC-UV-ELSD based on HPLC to MPLC Gradient Transfer (2015)

In natural product research, the isolation of biomarkers or bioactive compounds from complex natural extracts represents an essential step for de novo identification and bioactivity assessment. When pure natural products have to be obtained in milligram quantities, the chromatographic steps are generally labourious and time-consuming. In this respect, an efficient method has been developed for the reversed-phase gradient transfer from high-performance liquid chromatography to medium-performance liquid chromatography for the isolation of pure natural products at the level of tens of milligrams from complex crude natural extracts. The proposed method provides a rational way to predict retention behaviour and resolution at the analytical scale prior to medium-performance liquid chromatography, and guarantees similar performances at both analytical and preparative scales. The optimisation of the high-performance liquid chromatography separation and system characterisation allows for the prediction of the gradient at the medium-performance liquid chromatography scale by using identical stationary phase chemistries. The samples were introduced in medium-performance liquid chromatography using a pressure-resistant aluminium dry load cell especially designed for this study to allow high sample loading while maintaining a maximum achievable flow rate for the separation. The method has been validated with a mixture of eight natural product standards. Ultraviolet and evaporative light scattering detections were used in parallel for a comprehensive monitoring. In addition, post-chromatographic mass spectrometry detection was provided by high-throughput ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses of all fractions. The processing of all liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data in the form of an medium-performance liquid chromatography x ultra high-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry matrix enabled an efficient localisation of the compounds of interest in the generated fractions. The methodology was successfully applied for the separation of three different plant extracts that contain many diverse secondary metabolites. The advantages and limitations of this approach and the theoretical chromatographic background that rules such as liquid chromatography gradient transfer are presented from a practical viewpoint.
Forecasting models for potato late blight management -A review (2013)

Late blight of potato caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is one of the most serious and devastating disease of potato world over, including India and is an important limiting factor for yield reduction in India. Management of potato late blight has always been a challenge for both scientists as well as growers. For effective management of disease, efforts should made to reduce initial inoculum (in temperate conditions) but main emphasis should be to slow down progress of disease. Hence, there is urgent need to develop some kind of disease forecast/warning service for predicting the time of appearance of disease and optimizing use of fungicides without risking the crop and human health. A disease forecasting model predicts out-break or changes in intensity of one or more diseases on the basis of information about weather, crop, pathogen(s) or some combination of the three. Various forecasting models have been developed and utilized over the years for predicting late blight of potato across the globe. Based on four weather parameters, viz. dew points, night temperature, cloudiness and rainfall to predict initial appearance of late blight in Holland. But such models are not universal in adoption but have impetus for several workers. The implementation of forecasting model for late blight of potato depends upon area specific climatic conditions.
Oncornavirus-like particles in human skin cancers. (1975)

A high-molecular-weight RNA encapsulated with an RNA-instructed DNA polymerase in particles possessing the density characteristic of the RNA tumor viruses has been detected in 13 out of 14 human malignant melanomas. The [3H]DNA synthesized by these particles in an endogenous reaction hybridizes to RNA extracted from the human melanoma particulate structures, but not to RNA from normal skin. Similar particles containing RNA and enzyme have been found in basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. The RNA of the melanoma particles is easily distinguishable by hybridization from the RNAs found in the particles of the basal and squamous cell carcinomas.
Influence of Temperature of Incubation and Type of Growth Medium on Pigmentation in<i>Serratia marcescens</i> (1971)

Maximal amounts of prodigiosin were synthesized in either minimal or complete medium after incubation of cultures at 27 C for 7 days. Biosynthesis of prodigiosin began earlier and the range of temperature for formation was greater in complete medium. No prodigiosin was formed in either medium when cultures were incubated at 38 C; however, after a shift to 27 C, pigmentation ensued, provided the period of incubation at 38 C was not longer than 36 hr for minimal medium or 48 hr for complete medium. Washed, nonpigmented cells grown in either medium at 38 C for 72 hr could synthesize prodigiosin when suspended in saline at 27 C when casein hydrolysate was added. These suspensions produced less prodigiosin at a slower rate than did cultures growing in casein hydrolysate at 27 C without prior incubation at 38 C. Optimal concentration of casein hydrolysate for pigment formation by suspensions was 0.4%; optimal temperature was 27 C. Anaerobic incubation, shift back to 38 C, killing cells by heating, or chloramphenicol (25 mug/ml) inhibited pigmentation. Suspensions of washed cells forming pigment reached pH 8.0 to 8.3 rapidly and maintained this pH throughout incubation for 7 days. Measurements of viable count and of protein, plus other data, indicated that cellular multiplication did not occur in suspensions of washed cells during pigment formation. By this procedure utilizing a shift down in temperature, biosynthesis of prodigiosin by washed cells could be separated from multiplication of bacteria.
Enhanced &#945;-Synuclein Expression in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases: Pathogenetic and Therapeutic Implications (2009)

When caused by multiplication mutations of its gene, increased expression of alpha-synuclein is associated with familial parkinsonism. Here we discuss the possibility that other mechanisms of alpha-synuclein elevation contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic, sporadic Parkinson's disease and other human synucleinopathies. Environmental (e.g. toxic exposures) and genetic (e.g. gene polymorphisms) risk factors, on the background of normal aging, are likely to enhance vulnerability to neurodegenerative processes. Current evidence suggests that an increased level of neuronal alpha-synuclein may represent a key pathogenetic event common to these risk factors. Higher protein expression could underlie a gain of toxic properties of alpha-synuclein (e.g. enhanced tendency to aggregate) that predispose and/or directly contribute to neuronal demise. An important corollary to this latter concept is that a promising therapeutic approach against Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases is to prevent alpha-synuclein accumulation. Means to achieve this include (i) the use of RNA interference to suppress alpha-synuclein expression, (ii) the induction of neuronal pathways of protein degradation (e.g. macroautophagy) involved in alpha-synuclein clearance, and (iii) the development of anti-aggregation agents counteracting the formation of toxic oligomeric or fibrillar forms of the protein.
Predicting tissue-specific enhancers in the human genome (2007)

Determining how transcriptional regulatory signals are encoded in vertebrate genomes is essential for understanding the origins of multicellular complexity; yet the genetic code of vertebrate gene regulation remains poorly understood. In an attempt to elucidate this code, we synergistically combined genome-wide gene-expression profiling, vertebrate genome comparisons, and transcription factor binding-site analysis to define sequence signatures characteristic of candidate tissue-specific enhancers in the human genome. We applied this strategy to microarray-based gene expression profiles from 79 human tissues and identified 7187 candidate enhancers that defined their flanking gene expression, the majority of which were located outside of known promoters. We cross-validated this method for its ability to de novo predict tissue-specific gene expression and confirmed its reliability in 57 of the 79 available human tissues, with an average precision in enhancer recognition ranging from 32% to 63% and a sensitivity of 47%. We used the sequence signatures identified by this approach to successfully assign tissue-specific predictions to approximately 328,000 human-mouse conserved noncoding elements in the human genome. By overlapping these genome-wide predictions with a data set of enhancers validated in vivo, in transgenic mice, we were able to confirm our results with a 28% sensitivity and 50% precision. These results indicate the power of combining complementary genomic data sets as an initial computational foray into a global view of tissue-specific gene regulation in vertebrates.
Amorphous Plastics Pave the Way to Widespread Holographic Applications (1997)

Noncrystalline organic photorefractive materials appear to be on the verge of widespread applications such as holographic storage and real‐time holographic processing. The performance levels of these materials, which are attracting increasing interest, are close to, and in some respects even beyond those of their long‐known inorganic counterparts.
Statistical Condition Monitoring Based on Vibration Signals (2004)

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in non-diabetic Caucasian adults over 40 years of age. It has an estimated incidence of 8-10 cases per 1 million. Fifty per cent of patients diagnosed with primary MN continue to have nephrotic syndrome and 30% of patients may progress to end-stage renal disease over 10 years. Although it was recognised as a distinct clinic-pathological entity in 1940s by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, the pathogenesis and treatment have become more apparent only in the last decade. Discovery of M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibodies and thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A antibodies has given new perspectives in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease process. Anti-PLA2R antibody is the first serologic marker that has promising evidence to be used as a tool to prognosticate the course of the disease. More importantly, therapeutic agents such as rituximab and adrenocorticotropic hormone analogues are the newer therapeutic options that should be considered in the therapy of primary MN.
Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Strawberry (1984)

Abstract Immature zygotic embryos of strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylamino purine (BA), developed morphogenically active structures formed by folding of the cotyledonary tissue on their surfaces; these structures eventually developed into somatic embryos. The frequency for initiating embryogenic tissue was highest in the presence of 5 mg/liter 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/liter BA, arid 500 mg/liter casein hydrolysate. Few of the embryogenic tissues developed into somatic embryos. Morphologically normal plants were obtained from somatic embryos that were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/liter gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) or 0.5 mg/liter BA + 0.1 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).