gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GRB2 and phospholipase C-gamma 1 associate with a 36- to 38-kilodalton phosphotyrosine protein after T-cell receptor stimulation. (1994)

GRB2, a 25-kDa protein comprising a single SH2 domain flanked by two SH3 domains, has been implicated in linking receptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) to the Ras pathway by interacting with the guanine nucleotide exchange protein SOS. Previous studies have demonstrated that GRB2 directly interacts with Shc, a proto-oncogene product that is tyrosine phosphorylated upon receptor and nonreceptor PTK activation. In this report, we detected low levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and induced association with GRB2 upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Instead, a prominent 36- to 38-kDa tyrosine phosphoprotein (pp36-38) associated with the SH2 domain of GRB2 and formed a stable complex with GRB2/SOS upon TCR stimulation. Cellular fractionation studies showed that whereas both GRB2 and SOS partitioned to the soluble and particulate fractions, pp36-38 was present exclusively in the particulate fraction. This phosphoprotein had the same apparent mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as the phosphoprotein that associates with phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1). Furthermore, following partial immunodepletion of GRB2 and of the associated pp36-38, there was a significant reduction in the amount of the 36-kDa phosphoprotein associated with PLC-gamma 1, suggesting that a trimeric PLC-gamma 1/pp36-38/GRB2 complex could form. In support of this notion, we have also been able to detect low levels of PLC-gamma 1 in GRB2 immunoprecipitates. We suggest that pp36-38 may be a bridging protein, coupling different signalling molecules to cytoplasmic PTKs regulated by the TCR.
Characterization of cDNAs encoding adhesin proteins involved in trichomonas vaginalis cytoadherence. (1995)

Trichomonas vaginalis cytoadherence is mediated by four adhesins (AP65, AP51, AP33 and AP23). Adhesin gene expression was previously shown to be up-regulated by iron. Therefore, a cDNA library was constructed from mRNA of T. vaginalis grown in a high-iron medium. Ten cDNA clones (three for AP65, one for AP51, and six for AP33) were recognized with polyclonal antiserum or monoclonal antibody raised against these adhesins. No cross-hybridization among cDNAs of the three adhesins was observed in Southern analysis, confirming restriction mapping analysis of representative cDNAs. Southern analysis probed with representative cDNAs of the adhesins indicated multiple copies for each of the three adhesin genes. Northern analysis showed transcripts of 1.8 kilobases (kb), 1.4 kb, and 0.9 kb for AP65, AP51 and AP33, respectively. Consistent with adhesin expression, mRNAs for these adhesins were detected only when parasites were grown in high-iron conditions. Specific antibodies eluted from E. coli expressing recombinant proteins reacted only with the respective parasite adhesins. Recombinant proteins bind to fixed HeLa cells and competed with radiolabeled trichomonad adhesins for binding. Although proteinase activity is required for cytoadherence, recombinant proteins show no detectable proteinase activity. These data show that recombinant proteins from these clones exhibited characteristics of the trichomonad adhesins.
GPU-accelerated Real-Time 3D Tracking for Humanoid Autonomy (2008)

We have accelerated a robust model-based 3D tracking system by programmable graphics hardware to run online at frame-rate during operation of a humanoid robot and to efficiently auto-initialize. The tracker recovers the full 6 degree-of-freedom pose of viewable objects relative to the robot. Leveraging the computational resources of the GPU for perception has enabled us to increase our tracker’s robustness to the significant camera displacement and camera shake typically encountered during humanoid navigation. We have combined our approach with a footstep planner and a controller capable of adaptively adjusting the height of swing leg trajectories. The resulting integrated perception-planning-action system has allowed an HRP-2 humanoid robot to successfully and rapidly localize, approach and climb stairs, as well as to avoid obstacles during walking.
Antibodies to SPARC inhibit albumin binding to SPARC, gp60, and microvascular endothelium (1992)

Albumin, through its binding to the endothelial glycocalyx, functions as a major determinant of capillary permeability and as a carrier for various small molecules in its transcytosis across continuous endothelium via plasma-lemmal vesicles. Several albumin-binding proteins (ABP) have been identified: three membrane-associated ABP, which we call gp60, gp30, and gp18, and one secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). In this study, we used antiserum raised against bovine SPARC (BON) to investigate the possible interrelationships among ABP to better understand their role in binding and transcytosis. BON not only interacted with SPARC secreted by cultured endothelium but also recognized gp60 in lysates of cultured rat, human, and bovine endothelial cells. Purified SPARC inhibited BON interaction with gp60. BON immunoglobulin (Ig)G specifically inhibited albumin binding to both SPARC and gp60 extracts. This effect was eliminated by preabsorption of BON to immobilized SPARC. BON also significantly inhibited albumin binding to cultured microvascular endothelial cells via its interaction with gp60. Anti-SPARC peptide sera were also tested, and one serum raised against a peptide encompassing an NH2-terminal region of SPARC recognized both SPARC and gp60 but did not inhibit albumin binding; gp30 and gp18 were not recognized by any of these anti-SPARC antibodies. These results suggest that SPARC and gp60 are functionally and immunologically related ABP that may share a common albumin-binding domain. gp60 appears to be the major mediator of albumin binding to microvascular endothelium.
Wafer Scale Variation of Planarization Length in Chemical Mechanical Polishing (2000)

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has become the preferred planarization method for multilevel interconnect technology due to its ability to achieve a high degree of feature level planarity. However, methods are needed to understand and model both wafer level and die level uniformity in interlevel dielectric (oxide) polishing. This paper examines the variation of die level planarity across the wafer and at different process conditions. Substantial dependency of planarization length, a characteristic length which determines die level planarity, on table speed and down pressure is found, varying from 6.2 to 7.8 mm in the experiments considered here. In addition, a dependence of planarization length on die position within the wafer is found, varying by ∼0.5 mm across the wafer resulting in a difference of ∼300 Å total indicated range from one die to the next. Some die are impacted even more strongly resulting in much smaller planarization lengths (near 5.0 mm in some cases) due to wafer edge effects. We conclude that accurate modeling and optimization of within‐die variation depends on accurate modeling and measurement of not only wafer scale removal rate variation but also wafer scale planarization length variation. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Comparative amino acid sequence of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases: identification of a region unique to the light-regulated chloroplast enzyme. (1988)

Chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Fru-P2-ase) is an essential enzyme in the photosynthetic pathway of carbon dioxide fixation into sugars. The properties of the chloroplast enzyme are clearly distinct from cytosolic gluconeogenic Fru-P2-ases. Light-dependent activation by way of a ferredoxin/thioredoxin system and insensitivity to AMP inhibition are distinctive characteristics of the chloroplast enzyme. However, the chloroplast enzyme shows a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity to gluconeogenic Fru-P2-ases. Sequence data reported for a total of 285 residues (approximately 75% of the structure) of the spinach chloroplast enzyme reveals a 46% amino acid sequence identity with pig kidney Fru-P2-ase. We now report the amino acid sequence of a region consisting of 46 additional residues. This region is located near the middle of the primary structure of the enzyme and it includes a 16-residue insert not present in other Fru-P2-ases. This sequence insert has two cysteines separated by only 4 amino acid residues (Cys-Val-Val-Asn-Val-Cys), a characteristic feature of at least three other enzymes containing redox-active cysteines. It appears likely that this region of chloroplast Fru-P2-ase is involved in light-dependent activation.
The Isolation and Characterization of Agarolytic Bacteria from a Lowland River (1979)

Several strains of agar-degrading bacteria were isolated from the River Wey, Guildford, during the summer of 1976. All were Gram-negative rods and could be divided into two groups. Those which only softened the agar belonged to the genus Cytophaga and those which caused extensive liquefaction of the agar have been referred to the genus Alteromonas. Attempts to isolate, purify and characterize the enzymes showed some differences between the two taxa. The strains of Cytophaga produced at least two enzyme complexes, one cell-free and the other cell-bound, and hydrolysed agar with the formation of oligosaccharides. The strains of Alteromonas, on the other hand, readily released ‘agarase’ into the medium yielding monosaccharides as major end-products. The agar-degrading enzymes of both groups were inducible, not only by agar, but also by other galactans and polysaccharides associated with plants. The enzyme preparations also hydrolysed a wide range of plant-derived polysaccharides, including some associated with terrestrial and freshwater plants rather than with marine algae. These results suggest that there is no special ecological reason for the presence of agarolytic bacteria in fresh water but that their activity reflects the wide substrate spectrum of the polysaccharides of such organisms. The agar-softening strains are considered to belong to a new species for which the name Cytophaga saccharophila is proposed.
Measurement of magnetic properties of cobalt-rare earth permanent magnets (1971)

Co-rare earth permanent magnets generally display a high intrinsic coercive force. In order to make magnetic measurements with such materials fully saturated, we have found it necessary to use magnetizing fields in excess of 50 kOe. The superconducting solenoid is ideally suited for generating such fields. In this study, we have used a 100 kOe Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> -Sn superconducting solenoid for magnetizing samples and for measuring saturation magnetization. Demagnetization properties of long cylindrical samples have been measured in the superconducting solenoid, and also with a conventional hysteresigraph after the samples have been saturated with the superconducting solenoid or in some cases with a pulsed field solenoid. Short disk samples or ring magnets such as are used in traveling wave tube (TWT) designs are difficult to measure by these techniques. We have found torque magnetometry to be useful for such shapes. Open circuit magnetization is measured in this case. Results for ring magnets will be compared with peak axial field measurements for a periodic TWT structure. Reversible and irreversible changes in magnetization with temperature are also of interest. Techniques for measuring these changes are discussed.
Modeling Terrains and Subsurface Geology (2012)

The process of creating terrain and landscape models is important in a variety of computer graphics and visualization applications, from films and computer games, via flight simulators and landscape planning, to scientific visualization and subsurface modelling. Interestingly, the modelling techniques used in this large range of application areas have started to meet in the last years. In this state-of-the-art report, we present two taxonomies of different modelling methods. Firstly we present a data oriented taxonomy, where we divide modelling into three different scenarios: the data-free, the sparse-data and the dense-data scenario. Then we present a workflow oriented taxonomy, where we divide modelling into the separate stages necessary for creating a geological model. We start the report by showing that the new trends in geological modelling are approaching the modelling methods that have been developed in computer graphics. We then give an introduction to the process of geological modelling followed by our two taxonomies with descriptions and comparisons of selected methods. Finally we discuss the challenges and trends in geological modelling.
Experience of robotic catheter ablation in humans using a novel remotely steerable catheter sheath (2008)

Safe and clinically effective remote navigation of ablation catheters can be achieved using a novel remotely controlled steerable guide catheter in a variety of arrhythmias. The system is compatible with current mapping and ablation technologies Remote navigation substantially reduces radiation exposure to the operator.
The IbnSina Center: An augmented reality theater with intelligent robotic and virtual characters (2009)

Although numerous early attempts towards the use of robotics in conjunction with virtual characters in order to create augmented reality theater and interactive performances have taken place, the state of the art is still in an initial stage on the pathway towards the full exploitation of the technological as well as creative and artistic potentialities that exist. Here we will present the IbnSina Center, a novel augmented reality interactive theatre installation, named after the famous polymath of the 10th century, known as Avicenna in the West. The installation consists of a ten-meter stage, multiple stage sensors, a screen, a pseudo-3D holograph transparency, and a seating area for the audience. The stage is populated by a custom-designed humanlike humanoid robot (the ldquoIbnSinardquo robot) and by humans and other entities. The screen and the holograph can display static and moving images, virtual environments as well as online virtual worlds populated by characters, or a windowed / blended mix of the above. The robotic and virtual characters can be autonomous, partially-autonomous, puppetteered, scripted, or real-time-controlled by imitation of human body movements (embodied telepresence). Furthermore, multiple modes of participation of distant humans can be supported: not only through videoconference, but also through control of robots and/or virtual characters. The IbnSina center serves as a platform for multiple purposes: artistic, research as well as educational; and most importantly, the centrality of a progressive character such as IbnSina catalyzes the reconnection of the wider region of the UAE to a past during which scientific inquiry and the arts had flourished; and thus, enables the creation of a future for the region which will emphasize such cultural values.
High Performance HVDC Polymer Cable (2000)

This Paper describes the modified HDPE (into which a small amount of acid group is grafted as modified group) insulated cable as a high performance HVDC polymer cable. It has been confirmed that the high performance DC and impulse breakdown strength of modified HDPE results from the two aspects : (1) the improvement in intrinsic breakdown strength due to high crystallinity of HDPE, and (2) the restriction of space charges due to in- troducing the acid modified group. For instance, space charge distribution in modified HDPE cable(insulation thickness : t=3.5mm) measured by using pulsed electroacoustic(PEA) method shows a small amount of homo space charges near both electrodes under the DC field of sev- eral tens kV/mm. Also, DC and impulse breakdown strength of the modified HDPE cable (t= 12mm) exhibits the high level of 130 140kV/mm even in the temperature of 90 . In addition, because of the high crystallinity of base polymer (HDPE), the modified HDPE shows the smaller values of thermal resistivity and thermal expansion than conventional XLPE, which also serve as reduction of cable diameter for long-length DC cables. As for long-term DC characteristics, it has been proved that modified HDPE cable (t=3.5mm) endures DC 90kV/ mm 2,500hours at 90 . Moreover, over the range of maximum 10,000hours under the DC field of 30kV/mm, the changes in volume resistivity and space charge distribution(by PEA) of modified HDPE cable (t=6.0mm) have been verified. The insulation design applying above- mentioned properties can be achieved to give the insulation thickness below 20mm for 500kV class DC cables.
A comparison of protocol conversion methods for the retrofit of SCADA systems (2003)

SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system retrofits present a problem not generally encountered in control system retrofits. Specifically, the problem is that the new RTUs (remote terminal units) generally use a different communications protocol than that used by the old RTUs and the central MTU (master terminal unit, or host computer), necessitating some form of protocol translation. The authors examine solutions to this problem. They describe methods for translation at the RTU, protocol conversion in MTU software, or translation using either a front-end processor or an MTU coprocessor. No solution is recommended generally.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gastric Juice: A Barrier Against Infectious Diseases (2005)

All vertebrates produce gastric acid. Its main function is inactivation of ingested microorganisms. The majority of microbiological pathogens ingested never reaches the intestine because of the gastric barrier. Although gastric hypochlorhydria is fairly common due to atrophic gastritis, gastric surgery or use of inhibitors of gastric acid secretion, the resulting susceptibility to infection has not been studied extensively. Drug-induced blockade of acid secretion leads to gastrointestinal bacterial overgrowth; the clinical significance of this is still controversial. Gastric acidity is known to protect against non-typhoid salmonellosis and cholera and it is suspected that it protects against several parasitic diseases as giardiasis and strongyloides. There is a lack of studies focusing on the impact of the gastric acidic barrier on viral infections. Concerning prion infections only a single study has been performed, demonstrating a possible role of gastric acidity in the protection against foodborne prion disease in mice. The combination of malnutrition and hypochlorhydria may contribute to the high prevalence of gastrointestinal infections in developing countries. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical consequences of impaired gastric acidity with respect to susceptibility to infections.
Surface acoustic wave properties of aluminum gallium arsenide (1989)

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) properties are measured for {100}-cut, 〈100〉-propagating aluminum gallium arsenide (AlxGa1−xAs) with x=0.2 and 0.4. The parameters used to characterize these properties are SAW velocity, SAW attenuation, and piezoelectric coupling coefficient. The measured velocities are found to be substantially higher than those on GaAs in agreement with the theoretical predictions of Adachi. The attenuation is close to the corresponding attenuation on GaAs which is approximately 1 dB/μs. The piezoelectric coupling coefficient is measured using two independent methods and is found to be significantly higher than that of GaAs. This means that the transduction of energy from electrical to acoustical is more efficient and hence acoustic charge transport devices on AlxGa1−xAs substrates will require considerably less rf drive power. An extensive literature search has revealed no previous work, theoretical or experimental, characterizing attenuation or piezoelectric coupling of SAW on AlxGa1−xAs. The velocity has been predicted by Adachi based on a model formulated by Keyes, and has been measured by Sapriel, but the measured velocities reported herein correspond to the predicted values much better than the values measured by Sapriel. The measurement technique described has not, to the authors’ knowledge, been previously used for measurement of the piezoelectric coupling coefficient, and represents a convenient method of obtaining the SAW parameters experimentally.
Stress whitening in crystalline propylene-ethylene block copolymers (1981)

Abstract A morphological study of stress whitening in commercially available propylene(P)-ethylene(E) block copolymers with ethylene contents ranging from 8 to 18 wt-% has been carried out. The morphological features of these block copolymers were established by electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction methods, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. P-E block copolymers are composed of two crystalline phases and a noncrystalline EPR phase. Molded sheets of copolymers were stress whitened through drawing and studied mainly by scanning electron microscopy. Globular particles of polyethylene are observed. An initial stage of whitening can be associated with craze-like textures initiated at these globular particle boundaries. Void cracks around particles are also formed as the extent of whitening is intensified through drawing. The influence of the globular particles and the effect of EPR component under stress whitening conditions in P-E block copolymers is described.
[<sup>3</sup>H]Tetrahydrocerulenin, a specific reagent for radio‐labelling fatty acid synthases and related enzymes (1983)

We have synthesised [ 3 H]tetrahydrocerulenin, a radio‐labelled derivative of cerulenin, an antibiotic from Cephalosporium caerulens which specifically inhibits the condensing enzyme of fatty acid synthases and polyketide synthases from various sources. [ 3 H]Tetrahydrocerulenin binds to fatty acid synthase from pig liver with the same specificity as cerulenin. We have also used [ 3 H]tetrahydrocerulenin to monitor condensing enzyme activity in cell‐free extracts of the erythromycin‐producing organism Streptomyces erythreus .
Dynamic queue management mechanism for service enhancement in wireless intelligent network environment (2003)

This paper designs service logic and information flow for IN service enhancement, which increase call completion rates in a wireless intelligent network environment. In order to apply this logic to mobile services, we propose the dynamic queue manager applied call queueing service feature in the service control point (SCP). In the case of wireless IN service subscribers, the home location register (HLR) handles the supplementary service registration flags to notify the queue manager of the corresponding service subscribers mobility. In addition, we present the operation of the queue manager and the dynamic queue management mechanism, which dynamically manages the queue size based on the parallel server queueing model as the wireless subscribers roam the service groups due to their mobility characteristics.