gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Procalcitonin as a Parameter of Disease Severity and Risk of Mortality in Patients with<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Malaria (2001)

The serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT) in Plasmodium falciparum malaria were evaluated for clinical significance in 66 nonimmune and semi-immune patients. Of the 66 patients, 36 had uncomplicated malaria, 24 had severe and complicated malaria, and 6 had fatal malaria (5 from previous studies). Pretreatment PCT concentrations were closely correlated with parasitemia. Concentrations were lowest in semi-immune patients with uncomplicated malaria, compared with those in nonimmune patients (geometric mean concentrations [GMCs], 1.07 and 2.37 ng/mL, respectively), and were highest in severe and complicated cases (GMC, 10.67 ng/mL; P<.001 among all subgroups). Six of 7 patients with PCT concentrations >25 ng/mL died. PCT concentrations decreased on day 2 of treatment in survivors but not in patients with fatal outcome. Thus, repeated PCT measurements may provide useful prognostic information, especially in medical centers that are not experienced in parasite density determination.
B cells are not essential for peripheral T-cell tolerance. (1996)

Some self-reactive T cells avoid thymic tolerance and become mature peripheral cells. Nevertheless, these cells do not usually attack their hosts because T cells can be inactivated or killed, even after they are mature, by various means. The details of these processes are not fully understood; however, a number of experiments have suggested that peripheral tolerance may be induced in mature mouse T cells by exposure to antigen on resting B cells, cells that can express antigen bound to major histocompatibility complex proteins but that lack critical costimulatory molecules such as B7-1 and B7-2. Conversely, previous experiments have indicated that mature T cells can be stimulated by exposure to antigen on cells such as dendritic cells, cells that are thought to express the essential costimulatory molecules. We tested this idea in vivo by using mice that lack B cells. Unexpectedly, T-cell tolerance and antigen-induced T-cell death occurred normally in mice free of B cells. On the other hand, antigen-specific T-cell expansion in the spleens of such mice was impaired. Finally, we have recently shown that T-cell death in mice can be prevented by exposure to antigen and an inflammatory agent such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide. This was also true in mice that lacked B cells. Overall, these data show that mature T cells can be tolerized and rescued from tolerance in the absence of B cells.
Practical Synthesis of Rac-Ethylenebis(η5-indenyl)zirconium Dichloride (1996)

Herein we report a modified procedure for the preparation of Rac-ethylenebis(η 5-indenyl)zirconium dichloride (EBIZrCl2) which does not require the use of any special precautions. Included is an improved procedure for the synthesis of 1,2-bis(3-indenyl)ethane.
Focusing and spectral enhancement of a repetition-rated, laser-driven, divergent multi-MeV proton beam using permanent quadrupole magnets (2009)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation M. Nishiuchi, I. Daito, M. Ikegami, H. Daido, M. Mori, S. Orimo, K. Ogura, A. Sagisaka, A. Yogo, A. S. Pirozhkov, H. Sugiyama, H. Kiriyama, H. Okada, S. Kanazawa, S. Kondo, T. Shimomura, M. Tanoue, Y. Nakai, H. Sasao, D. Wakai, H. Sakaki, P. Bolton, I. W. Choi, J. H. Sung, J. Lee, Y. Oishi, T. Fujii, K. Nemoto, H. Souda, A. Noda, Y. Iseki, T. Yoshiyuki; Focusing and spectral enhancement of a repetition-rated, laser-driven, divergent multi-MeV proton beam using permanent quadrupole magnets. Appl. Phys. Lett. 9 February 2009; 94 (6): 061107. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3078291 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Transit Network Optimization (2005)

This paper presents a mathematical methodology for transit route network optimization. The goal is to provide an effective computational tool for optimization of a large-scale transit route network. The objectives are to minimize transfers and maximize service coverage. Formulation of the method consists of three parts: representation of transit route network solution search spaces, representation of transit route and network constraints, and a stochastic search scheme capable of finding the expected global optimal result on the basis of an integrated simulated annealing, tabu, and greedy search algorithm. The methodology has been tested with published solutions to benchmark problems and applied to a large-scale realistic network optimization problem in Miami–Dade County, Florida.
The effect of oral administration of <i>Lactobacillus GG</i> on antibiotic‐associated gastrointestinal side‐effects during <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication therapy (2001)

Lactobacillus GG supplementation showed a positive impact on H. pylori therapy-related side-effects and on overall treatment tolerability.
Elevated lnterleukin-1 Release by Human Alveolar Macrophages during the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1989)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a modulatory protein with immune and inflammatory functions, is spontaneously released by tissue macrophages in lower concentrations compared with peripheral blood monocytes. Conversely, in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and certain inflammatory diseases, increased amounts of IL-1 are released by alveolar macrophages (AM). We examined IL-1 production by AM from patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and compared it with that in patients with severe pneumonia requiring assisted ventilation, patients with pneumonia requiring parenteral antibiotics, and healthy control subjects. In vitro, ARDS AM released significantly more total IL-1 and IL-1 beta than did ARDS AM in patients with pneumonia and in control subjects. Moreover, after stimulation of these cells with 10 micrograms/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ARDS AM significantly increased release of IL-1 and IL-1 beta. AM from patients with severe pneumonia also released greater amounts of both IL-1 and IL-1 beta as fresh explants and after LPS stimulation when compared with control subjects. Incubation of AM with 250 U/ml human interferon-gamma (gamma IFN) was associated with less IL-1 beta release. However, stimulating AM from patients with ARDS and severe pneumonia with gamma IFN plus LPS enhanced the release of IL-1 beta compared with that in patients with pneumonia and in control subjects. ARDS AM released significantly more IL-1 beta than did all of the other groups. These results demonstrate that AM from patients with ARDS are capable of releasing significantly greater amounts of IL-1, which may be related to the progression of acute lung injury.
Integrating Data, Models, and Reasoning in Critical Care (2006)

Modern intensive care units (ICUs) employ an impressive array of technologically sophisticated instrumentation to provide detailed measurements of the pathophysiological state of each patient. Providing life support in the ICU is becoming an increasingly complex task, however, because of the growing volume of relevant data from clinical observations, bedside monitors, mechanical ventilators, and a wide variety of laboratory tests and imaging studies. The enormous amount of ICU data and its poor organization makes its integration and interpretation time-consuming and inefficient. There is a critical need to integrate the disparate clinical information into a single, rational framework and to provide the clinician with hypothesis-driven displays that succinctly summarize a patient's trajectory over time. In this paper, we present our recent efforts towards the development of such an advanced patient monitoring system that aims to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and timeliness of clinical decision making in intensive care.
Müller cells express the neuronal progenitor cell marker nestin in both differentiated and undifferentiated human foetal retina (2003)

Tritiated thymidine studies suggest that Müller cells are the last cells born in the retina, although several authors describe Müller cells throughout the retina from very early ages. In this study immunohistochemistry was used to identify progenitor and Müller cells in human foetal retina. Antibodies to nestin (an intermediate filament protein expressed by neural progenitor cells), vimentin, cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) and glutamate and aspartate transporter (GLAST), which are each expressed by Müller cells, were used in combination with anti-Ki67 to identify proliferating cells. By definition, Ki67-positive proliferating cells were present in undifferentiated retina, but not in differentiated retina. Nestin-immunoreactive (IR) cells colocalized with vimentin throughout the retina. CRALBP-IR was detected in differentiated retina and in some proliferating cells. GLAST-IR cells were present only within the differentiated region. Nestin, vimentin and CRALBP each colocalized with mitotic Ki67-IR cells, suggesting that in foetal retina Müller cells and retinal progenitor cells are overlapping populations and that Müller cells are end-stage progenitor cells.
Estrogen-Specific 17 -Hydroxysteroid Oxidoreductase Type 1 (E.C. 1.1.1.62) as a Possible Target for the Action of Phytoestrogens (1995)

Several plant estrogens, especially coumestrol and genistein, were found to reduce the conversion of [3H]estrone to [3H] 17 beta-estradiol catalyzed by estrogen-specific 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase Type 1 (E.C. 1.1.1.62) in vitro. Coumestrol, the most potent inhibitor in our experiments, is the best inhibitor of the enzyme known to date. All compounds with inhibitory effects were also estrogenic. However, structural demands for 17 beta-HSOR Type 1 inhibition and estrogenicity of tested compounds in breast cancer cells (judged by increased cell proliferation) were not identical. Zearalenone and diethylstilbestrol, both potent estrogens, did not inhibit 17 beta-HSOR Type 1. Thus, changes in the estrogen molecule may discriminate between active sites of 17 beta-HSOR Type 1 and estrogen binding sites of the ER. The effects of these compounds in vivo cannot be predicted on the basis of these results. Inhibition of 17 beta-HSOR Type 1 enzyme could lead to a decrease in the availability of the highly active endogenous estrogen. However, these compounds are estrogenic per se, and they may thus replace endogenous estrogens. Additional studies are needed to further understand the role of these plant estrogens in the etiology of hormone-dependent cancers. It is not easily conceivable how the chemopreventive action of Asian diets, possibly mediated by phytoestrogens in soya products, can be based on the inhibition of estrone reduction at the target cells by phytoestrogens or related compounds, unless they are "incomplete estrogens" (i.e., unable to induce all effects typical of endogenous estrogens).
Initial fungicide deposits on leaves following application of zineb and burgundy formulations by spraying and dipping (1966)

Abstract Aqueous dispersions of zineb with different surface‐active compounds were applied to leaves by spraying to beyond run‐off and by leaf immersion. Deposits from leaf immersion cannot be assumed to be similar to those from spraying with the same formulation. The deposits retained with increase of wetter concentration in the formulation were more dependent on the leaf type than on the wetter used. Deposits on lower surfaces of leaves were heavier than on upper surfaces. Comparable tests with Burgundy showed that the effect on the deposit of increasing wetter concentration depends also on the active principle used.
Engine Modeling of an Internal Combustion Engine with Twin Independent Cam Phasing (2007)

In the modern world, one of the largest concerns is the ever depleting supply of oil. The automotive industry is especially impacted. In recent years the price of gasoline has fluctuated substantially and the price of crude oil has reached record highs. The high price of gasoline coupled with the uncertainty of its availability and future price have put a high priority on fuel economy of an engine. In addition the emissions released from internal combustion (IC) engines are polluting the atmosphere. Many studies have linked the greenhouse gases produced by an automobile engine to the partial destruction of our atmosphere and to global warming. As a result the US government is passing stricter and stricter emissions regulations. These major issues are putting pressure on automakers to develop new technologies to increase the fuel economy and decrease the emissions while maintaining or improving the engine’s performance. Several new technologies have resulted. All of these technologies accomplish these goals by increasing the efficiency of an engine. As a whole these technologies are called variable valve actuation. These technologies achieve a higher efficiency by reducing the constants of the engine. However, the added variability increases the time to calibrate an engine. To address this, more testing is being performed using engine simulations instead of physical testing. This thesis focuses on how to create an engine model and how engine simulation can be used to optimize such an engine. In addition the benefits of a particular variable valve actuation technology, cam phasing, will be explored. Advisor: Yann Guezennec
Ultrasonic imaging: safety considerations (2011)

Modern ultrasound imaging for diagnostic purposes has a wide range of applications. It is used in obstetrics to monitor the progress of pregnancy, in oncology to visualize tumours and their response to treatment, and, in cardiology, contrast-enhanced studies are used to investigate heart function and physiology. An increasing use of diagnostic ultrasound is to provide the first photograph for baby's album-in the form of a souvenir or keepsake scan that might be taken as part of a routine investigation, or during a visit to an independent high-street 'boutique'. It is therefore important to ensure that any benefit accrued from these applications outweighs any accompanying risk, and to evaluate the existing ultrasound bio-effect and epidemiology literature with this in mind. This review considers the existing laboratory and epidemiological evidence about the safety of diagnostic ultrasound and puts it in the context of current clinical usage.
Synthesis of 4-([18F]Fluoromethyl)phenyl Isothiocyanate and its Use in Labelling Oligonucleotides. (1997)

4-([F-18] Fluoromethyl)phenyl isothiocyanate 8 was obtained from [F-18]fluoride and 4-(4-toluenesulfonyloxymethyl)phenyl isothiocyanate 5 in 13-15% isolated, decay-corrected radiochemical yield within 40 min from the end of cyclotron bombardment. The pre
SMALLTALK-80: the interactive programming environment (1984)

This book describes the process by which Smalltalk was introduced to people outside Xerox PARC, where it was developed. This book first describes the incredibly exciting history of how Smalltalk was built from scratch. It then goes on to show the way in which Smalltalk was made public. At first, this was an engineering process. Large companies were contacted and offered to participate by porting the Smalltalk VM to their machines, and then running an image provided on tape. Each of these teams then wrote a paper on their experience, and these original papers are included in this book. Xerox PARC also wrote its own paper. These papers are an invaluable source of information for any Smalltalker. They range from overall design issues down to statistics on the work of the VM and image contents.
[Follow-up of rheumatoid arthritis beginning in advanced age]. (1993)

Two cohorts of 125 patients each, with different onset of disease (group A = before the age of 55, group B = after the age of 54) were selected from a total of 1000 patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Both groups were identical with regard to gender (women = 71%) and duration of disease (mean = 7 years). Mean age was in group A = 47, in group B = 68 years, respectively. When compared, in both samples no significant differences were found with regard to acuity of onset, to occurrence and duration of a period with nonspecific complaints prior to synovitis and to incidence of remissions and fever. However, in the elderly onset group progression of disease was significantly higher, the functional status poorer, dynamometer values lower, and the frequency of systemic signs higher. Furthermore, in the late onset group were more rarely reported regular exercise programs, other rehabilitative measures, treatment with gold preparations, and joint surgery. These features seem to indicate that age at onset has a modifying effect on disease expression in RA. One factor of influence, among others, is likely to be the generally decreased functional level in higher age. Late onset RA is not thought to be a separate entity of the disease.
Functional properties of T lymphocytes and their subsets in cytomegalovirus mononucleosis. (1983)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) mononucleosis is associated with diminished lymphocyte responses to mitogens and herpes virus antigens, and a reversal in the normal ratio of helper-inducer (OKT4-positive) to cytotoxic-suppressor (OKT8-positive) cells. In this report, we investigate the proliferative and cytotoxic functions of lymphocyte subpopulations from patients with CMV mononucleosis. Both mitogen responsiveness and the ability to generate cytotoxic lymphocytes against allogeneic Laz 156 cells in vitro were markedly diminished. Mononuclear cells enriched for OKT8+ lymphocytes showed little or no responsiveness to Con A; cells enriched for OKT4+ lymphocytes were considerably more responsive. During CMV mononucleosis, the predominant T cell subset is a hyporesponsive OKT8+ cell. In vitro culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes, however, resulted in a selective loss of OKT8+, OKIa+ cells, so that the remaining T cell population was composed primarily of Con A-responsive OKT4+ cells. Convalescence was associated with the return of OKT8+ responsiveness to Con A, a greater stability of OKT8+ cells during culture, and the partial recovery of ability to develop cytotoxic lymphocytes after in vitro sensitization.
High-pressure arcs as vacuum-atmosphere interface and plasma lens for nonvacuum electron beam welding machines, electron beam melting, and nonvacuum ion material modification (1995)

Atmospheric pressure plasmas can be used to provide a vacuum-atmosphere interface as an alternative to differential pumping. Vacuum-atmosphere interface utilizing a cascade arc discharge was successfully demonstrated and a 175 keV electron beam was successfully propagated from vacuum through such a plasma interface and out into atmospheric pressure. Included in the article are a theoretical framework, experimental results, and possible applications for this novel interface.
Theoretical aspect of X-ray phase microscopy with transmission gratings (2012)

One of the advantages of X-ray grating interferometry is that it can work with spherical-wave illumination of X-rays. This means that the interferometry can be combined with an X-ray imaging microscopy to achieve a high spatial resolution. We have developed three types of X-ray phase imaging microscopies, which are based on a self-imaging phenomenon called the Talbot effect. The first type is an X-ray imaging microscopy just combined with X-ray Talbot interferometry, where two transmission gratings are used. The other two are novel X-ray phase imaging microscopies, where the self-image of a transmission grating is highly magnified and resolved by an image detector: one has been achieved by a single X-ray source and the other is what we call Lau-type X-ray phase imaging microscopy, where an array of mutually incoherent X-ray sources has been used. These two microscopies have overcome several problems of the Talbot-interferometer-type X-ray imaging microscopy, i.e., they provide a phase difference image (twin phase images separated by a specific distance) and hence have high sensitivities and high spatial resolutions. Quantitative phase imaging even for non-weak-phase objects has also been performed that are difficult to be achieved by the widely used Zernike phase-contrast microscopy. In this paper, we outline a theoretical description of the three types of the X-ray imaging microscopes using transmission gratings as well as the corresponding three types of X-ray projection microscopes.
A Historical Study on Location of Production Places and Ways of Realization of Local Special Products since Medieval Times in Japan (1995)

THIS PAPER AIMS TO CLARIFY, THE HISTORICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF "LOCAL SPECIAL PRODUCTS", THE NATION-WIDE DISTRIBUTION OF THEIR PRODUCTION PLACES, THEIR WAYS OF REALIZATION AS MANUFACTURE AND THE TRANSITION OF DISPATCHING AREAS AND RECEIVING AREAS OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY. THE ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED BASED ON INVENTORIES OF LOCAL SPECIAL PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM SEVERAL HISTORICAL STUDIES ON INDUSTRY PRODUCTS. THROUGH THIS STUDY, 569 LOCAL PRODUCTS ARE EXTRACTED OVER 4 PERIODS SINCE 13 CENTURY, AND 1) COMPOSITION CHARACTERISTICS AND SUCCESSIVE CHARACTERISTICS THROUGH PERIODS OF THESE PRODUCTS ARE REVEALED. 2) NATION-WIDE DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTION PLACES IN EACH PERIODS DRAWN UP, FROM WHICH SPREADING CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCTION PLACES AND POSITIVE OR PASSIVE ATTITUDE TOWARDS PRODUCTION BY PREFECTURES ARE CLARIFIED. 3) THE WAYS OF REALIZING AND PROMOTING TO PRODUCE LOCAL PRODUCTS ARE CLARIFIED AND CLASSIFIED IN EACH PHASE OF "ON-STAGE","SUCCESSION"AND"REVIVAL". 4) SPATIAL PROPAGATION ROUTES OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN EACH PERIOD ARE DRAWN UP, THROUGH WHICH PERIODICAL TRANSITION OF TECHNOLOGY DISPATCHING AREAS AND RECEIVING AREAS ARE IDENTIFIED.
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy in Nine Eyes With Superficial Corneal Diseases (1993)

We performed phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in seven patients (nine eyes) with superficial corneal disease such as band keratopathy (one patient), Reis-Bückler's dystrophy (one patient, two eyes), granular dystrophy (two patients, three eyes), recurrent granular dystrophy (one patient), postinfection scar (one patient), and corneal scarring after pterygium removal (one patient). All patients received PTK after topical anesthesia with Pontocaine 0.5% and underwent epithelial removal with a surgical blade. We used methylcellulose 1.0% as a surface modulator before laser ablation. Focal ablation of the central cornea with an ablation zone of 5 mm was performed routinely in most eyes and a smoothing technique was applied only in two eyes. All patients were followed for more than 9 months. Uncorrected and corrected visual acuity were significantly improved in six patients (8 eyes) and a mild hyperopic shift occurred in all eyes that received PTK centrally. Mild to moderate corneal haze appeared in these corneas during the first few months after surgery. Some patients avoided the need for keratoplasty. No significant complications occurred after PTK except recurrence of granular deposits in one case of granular dystrophy. We think that PTK with the 193-nanometer excimer laser is indicated in the treatment of some superficial corneal disorders.