gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trifocal motion modeling for object-based video compression and manipulation (1998)

Following an overview of two-dimensional (2-D) parametric motion models commonly used in video manipulation and compression, we introduce trifocal transfer, which is an image-based scene representation used in computer vision, as a motion compensation method that uses three frames at a time to implicitly capture camera/scene motion and scene depth. Trifocal transfer requires a trifocal tensor that is computed by matching image features across three views and a dense correspondence between two of the three views. We propose approximating the dense correspondence between two of the three views by a parametric model in order to apply the trifocal transfer for object-based video compression and background mosaic generation. Backward, forward, and bidirectional motion compensation methods based on trifocal transfer are presented. The performance of the proposed motion compensation approaches using the trifocal model has been compared with various other compensation methods, such as dense motion, block motion, and global affine transform on several video sequences. Finally, video compression and mosaic synthesis based on the trifocal motion model are implemented within the MPEG-4 Video Verification Model (VM), and the results are compared with those of the standard MPEG-4 video VM. Experimental results show that the trifocal motion model is superior to block and affine models when there is depth variation and camera translation.
Yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) Protein Concentrate:  Preparation, Chemical Composition, and Nutritional and Functional Properties (2005)

The main objective of the present study was to compare the composition and functional and nutritional properties of whole yeast cells (WY) from an ethanol distillery with those of a phosphorylated protein concentrate (PPC) prepared from the same cells. Comparisons were also made of PPC with texturized soy protein (TSP) and soy protein isolate (SPI), both acquired in the local market. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a rich source of protein, soluble fiber, and some minerals. Saturated fatty acids predominated over monounsaturated and polyunsaturated in both WY and PPC. The functional properties of PPC were similar to those of SPI and TSP. Both soy products and PPC replaced 20 or 40% chuck roll protein without affecting the emulsion properties of the meat products. Amino acid scoring was high for both WY and PPC; digestibility was higher (90%) for PPC and lower (68%) for WY. The protein nutritive value of PPC did not differ from that of casein and was significantly higher than that for WY.
Glioma Grade Is Associated with the Accumulation and Activity of Cells Bearing M2 Monocyte Markers (2013)

Grade II and IV astrocytomas can be clearly differentiated on the basis of the expression of certain M2 markers in tumor tissues, whereas grade III astrocytomas exhibit a range of expression between the lower and higher grade specimens. The content of CD163(+) cells distinguishes grade III astrocytoma subsets with different prognosis.
Syntheses with nitriles. <b>60</b>. Preparation of 4‐amino‐5‐cyano‐6‐phenylpyrimidines from 2‐amino‐1,1‐dicyano‐2‐phenylethene (1980)

Abstract The reaction of 2‐amino‐1,1‐dicyanobut‐1‐ene and 2‐amino‐1,1‐dicyano‐2‐phenylethene, respectively, with N,N ‐dimethylformamide dimethylacetal provided the corresponding ( N,N ‐dimethylaminomethylene)amino derivatives. 2‐[( N,N ‐Dimethylaminomethylene)amino]‐1,1‐dicyano‐2‐phenylethene was converted into 4‐amino‐5‐cyano‐6‐phenylpyrimidines by treatment with primary aliphatic and aromatic amines. The structure of the reaction products was confirmed by 13 C nmr spectroscopy.
Predictors of readmission to a medical-psychiatric unit among patients with minor mental disorders. (2001)

Our results indicated the incidence of relapse in certain minor mental disorders is similar to that of severe mental disorders. By identifying predictors of readmission and intervening appropriately, unnecessary readmission may be prevented.
Intracellular pH of stimulated thymocytes measured with a new fluorescent indicator. (1983)

A new fluorescent intracellular pH indicator is described ("quene 1") which is related to the tetracarboxylate Ca2+ indicator based on the quinoline fluorophor ("quin 2"). Quene 1 has excitation and emission maxima at 390 and 530 nm, respectively, and shows a 30-fold increase in fluorescence between pH 5 and 9 with a pK alpha of 7.3. The fluorescence is insensitive to Ca2+ and Mg2+ at free concentrations up to 10(-4) M and to the proportions of Na+ and K+ at total concentrations of Na+ and K+ from 100 to 200 mM. The indicator is loaded into thymocytes using the tetraacetoxymethyl ester derivative which is hydrolyzed in the cells to give the tetracarboxylate anion. Intracellular pH can be measured at intracellular quene 1 concentrations of approximately 0.1 mM and quene 1 does not perturb glycolysis or the ATP level in resting cells at concentrations up to 0.8 mM. The intracellular pH of mouse thymocytes indicated by quene 1 is 7.15 +/- 0.04 and it is insensitive to the concentration of Ca2+ or Mg2+ in the extracellular medium. The intracellular pH decreased when the pH of the medium was lowered by addition of HCl, but was insensitive to NaOH at extracellular pH values up to 8.0. Rapid transient changes in intracellular pH are induced by NH4Cl, NaCO2CH3, or HCO3-/CO2. The thymocytes showed no early changes (within 30 min) in intracellular pH in response to mitogenic concentrations of lectins or 4 beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate.
<title>Two-dimensional array of optical interference filters produced by lithographic alterations of the index of refraction</title> (1995)

We describe a new concept for producing, on a single substrate, a 2D array of optical interference filters where the pass-band of each element can be independently specified. The interference filter is formed by optically contacting two dielectric mirrors so that the top quarter-wave films of the two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot cavity having a half-wave thickness. In the new device, we propose to etch an array of subwavelength patterns into the top surface of one of the mirrors before forming the cavity. The patterns must have a pitch shorter than the operational wavelength in order to eliminate diffraction. By changing the index of refraction of the half-wave layer, or the optical thickness of the cavity, the patterning is used to shift the pass-band and form an array of interference filters. One approach to producing the array is to change the fill factor of the pattern. Once the filter array is produced it may be mated to a 2D detector array to form a miniature spectrophotometer.
Mechanical stimulation induces intercellular calcium signaling in bovine aortic endothelial cells (1993)

To study the mechanism by which endothelial cells respond to mechanical forces, we used digital fluorescence microscopy to measure changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in primary cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells in response to mechanical stimulation. Before stimulation, [Ca2+]i was stable (approximately 50-75 nM). When an individual cell within the monolayer was mechanically stimulated with a microprobe, [Ca2+]i increased in the stimulated cell and spread in the form of a wave from the site of contact to the cell edges. After a delay of approximately 1 s, nonstimulated adjacent cells showed a similar spreading rise in [Ca2+]i. This outwardly radiating [Ca2+]i wave involved progressively more distal cells to a radius of 4-6 cells. The time delay before the wave appeared in adjacent cells increased, and peak [Ca2+]i in each cell decreased with distance from the stimulated cell. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, there was no increase in [Ca2+]i in the stimulated cell, yet a wave of increased [Ca2+]i occurred in neighboring cells as if communicated from the stimulated cell. These results indicate that endothelial cell mechanosensitivity results in increases in [Ca2+]i and that the temporospatial dynamics of intercellular Ca2+ signaling are mediated by a diffusible substance other than Ca2+.
Cerulenin blocks fatty acid acylation of glycoproteins and inhibits vesicular stomatitis and Sindbis virus particle formation. (1982)

Cerulenin, an antibiotic that inhibits de novo fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis, effectively inhibited the formation and release of virus particles from chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with Sindbis or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). When added for 1 h at 3 h postinfection, the antibiotic blocked VSV particle production by 80 to 90% and inhibited incorporation of [3H]palmitic acid into the VSV glycoprotein by an equivalent amount. The effect of this antibiotic on virus protein and RNA biosynthesis was significantly less than that on fatty acid acylation. Nonacylated virus glycoproteins accumulated inside and on the surface of cerulenin-treated cells. These data indicate that fatty acid acylation is not essential for intracellular transport of these membrane proteins, but it may have an important role in the interaction of glycoproteins with membranes during virus assembly and budding.
Surveillance guidelines based on recurrence patterns after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: the Canadian Bladder Cancer Network experience (2012)

• Differences in recurrence patterns after RC suggest the need for varied follow-up protocols for each group. • We propose a stage-based protocol for surveillance of patients with BC treated with RC that captures most recurrences while limiting over-investigation.
Controlled Communication Networks (1993)

In a cooperative TU (Transferable Utility) game (N, v) as modelled by von Neumann & Morgenstern (1944), N is a finite set of players, and the characteristic function v assigns to each subgroup of players a real number which is to be interpreted as the maximal gains this coalition can secure by cooperating.
HSV-1 Amplicon Vectors Are an Efficient Gene Transfer System for Skeletal Muscle Cells (2006)

HSV-1 amplicon vectors have been considered as a promising gene delivery system for gene therapy of skeletal muscle diseases, due to the ability to infect non-dividing cells such as differentiated muscle cells, and to accommodate large transgenes such as the 14-kb dystrophin cDNA. Studies revealed that HSV-1 amplicons can transduce cultured differentiated and undifferentiated muscle cells with high efficiency. Studies also revealed that HSV-1 amplicons are capable of delivering at least 23-kb transgene DNA, including the full-length dystrophin cDNA into muscle cells. The combination of high transduction efficiency, the ability to accommodate large constructs and ease of manipulation makes HSV-1 amplicons an ideal gene delivery tool for the study of muscle ion channels in which gene transduction is frequently employed in cultured muscle cells that are resistant to all the transfecting reagents. However, intramuscular injection of HSV-1 amplicons has been proven inefficient in mature muscles. Evidence has shown that this is mainly because the basal membrane that sheaths each myofibers blocks HSV-1 virions from myofiber cell surface receptors. This result led to the conclusion that HSV-1 amplicons are more suitable for ex vivo manipulation of diseased muscle progenitors or stem cells for autologous cell therapy than in vivo intramuscular injection. Efforts to confer stable transduction ability on amplicons have made progress. A new generation of HSV/AAV hybrid amplicons has been shown to be capable of integrating large transgenes into the AAVS1 site of the human genome, thus, holding potential to achieve a safe and lasting gene transduction in human muscle cells.
Incorporation of Sulfur Dioxide into the Products of Reaction of <i>Schiff</i> Bases with Halo‐ or Alkylthio‐ketenes in Liquid SO<sub>2</sub>. Preliminary communication (1975)

Abstract A simple ‘three‐component‐reaction’ between halo‐ or alkylthio‐ketenes, Schiff bases and sulfur dioxide, yielding 4‐oxo‐1,3‐thiazolidine‐1,1‐dioxides 4 in one step, is presented.
Zur Photochemie von 2, 1‐Benzisoxazolen (Anthranilen) und thermischen und photochemischen Umsetzungen von 2‐Azido‐acylbenzolen in stark saurer Lösung (1979)

On the Photochemistry of 2, 1‐Benzisoxazoles (Anthraniles) and on the Thermal and Photochemical Decomposition of 2‐Azido‐acylbenzenes in Strongly Acidic Solution Anthranils 6 (Scheme 3) , when irradiated with a mercury high‐pressure lamp, in 96% sulfuric acid yielded, after work‐up, 2‐amino‐5‐hydroxy‐acylbenzenes 8 and as side products 2‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐acylbenzenes 9 (cf. Schemes 5–7 and Table 1) . When C(5) of the anthranils 6 carries a methyl group a more complex reaction mixture is found after irradiation in 96% sulfuric acid (cf. Schemes 8 and 9) : 3, 5‐dimethyl‐anthranil ( 6d ) yielded (after irradiation and acetylation) 2‐acetyl‐ amino‐5‐methyl‐acetophenone ( 15 ), 2‐acetylamino‐5‐acetoxymethyl‐acetophenone ( 18d ) and 2‐acetylamino‐5‐acetoxy‐6‐methyl‐acetophenone ( 12c ). The latter product was also formed after irradiation of 3, 4‐dimethylanthranil ( 6c ) in 96% sulfuric acid. 3, 5, 7‐Trimethyl‐anthranil ( 6f ) formed under the same conditions 2‐acetylamino‐3, 5‐dimethyl‐acetophenone ( 15f ) and 2‐acetylamino‐5‐acetoxymethyl‐3‐methyl‐acetophenone ( 18f ). Since qualitatively the same product patterns were observed when the corresponding 2‐azido‐acetophenones 7 were decomposed in 96% sulfuric acid it is concluded that anthranilium ions (cf. 6b ‐H⊕, Scheme 11) on irradiation are transformed by cleavage of the N , O ‐bond into 2‐acyl‐phenylnitrenium ions (cf . 25b ‐H⊕) in the singlet ground state. The nitrenium ions are trapped directly by nucleophiles ( HSO ⊖ 4 in 96% sulfuric acid), thus, yielding the hydroxy‐acetophenones 8 and 9 (Scheme 11) . If C(5) is blocked by a methyl group a [1, 2]‐rearrangement of the methyl group may occur (cf. Scheme 13) or loss of sulfuric acid can lead to quinomethane iminium ions (cf . 32‐H⊕ , Scheme 13) which will react with HSO ⊖ 4 ions to yield, after hydrolysis and acetylation, the 5‐acetoxymethyl substituted acetophenones 18d and 18f . It is assumed that the reduction products (2‐acetylamino‐acetophenones 15 ) are formed from the corresponding nitrenium ions in the triplet ground state.
Characterization and expression of a stage specific antigen by monoclonal antibody TRA 54 in testicular germ cells (1998)

To study the mechanism of spermatogenesis, we have isolated many monoclonal antibodies (mAb) which recognize specific steps of mouse germ cell differentiation and then have evaluated the specific expression and characterization of antigenic molecules using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Monoclonal antibody TRA 54 recognized specific organelles in germ cell cytoplasm from spermatocytes to spermatids; that is, a large granule was stained in mid-late pachytene, diplotene and secondary spermatocytes and in round spermatids at stage I while the acrosome of spermatids at steps 2-3 to step 12 were also positive. Thereafter, the antigens disappeared from spermatids at more advanced stages of differentiation. Western blots using TRA 54 revealed broad bands with approximate molecular weights of >200, 190 and 85 kDa in the testis. The expression of these antigens during testicular germ cell development should be of interest in relation to the biogenesis of organelles such as the chromatoid body and acrosome and will be a useful stage-specific molecular marker for the study of spermatogenesis.
Using user-specific behavioral patterns to describe users in a closed web environment (2010)

The purpose of the experiment is to investigate specific behavioral patterns in a closed web environment, for example, The goal is to see if there is a user-specific behavioral pattern and if that pattern could be used in a web environment to identify an individual. Participants were asked to sit in front of a computer and browse through the information presented on cnn.com. The following data were recorded: date, time, milliseconds between actions, the active application, the window name, system message, mouse coordinates, and distance between current and past position in coordinates of the mouse/cursor. The experiment consists of 10 sessions of approximately 30 minutes each.
MÁRCIO SOUZA: “Não existe política nem para o livro nem para a leitura neste país”. (2018)

Esta entrevista nasceu de uma interlocução rica e multifacetada, mantida por e-mail, entre Márcio Souza e cinco especialistas em sua produção: Allison Leão, Denis Bezerra, Josebel Akel Fares, Paulo Nunes e Vânia Torres. Os entrevistadores percorreram diferentes livros -- entre romances, coletâneas de peças de teatro e ensaios --, de modo que o diálogo rendeu um verdadeiro panorama de uma obra iniciada em 1969 e, no presente, em plena efervescência.Como os escritos têm como principal cenário a Amazônia, falou-se de questões que interferem diretamente na criação literária e teatral nascida fora do Sudeste e do Sul do país, como o cultivo, por parte de certos críticos, de uma noção de regionalismo anacrônica e nefasta. As mazelas nacionais também entraram na conversa como elementos de um processo de crescente agravamento. Em cenário tão desolador, o corpo a corpo da ficção com a realidade se mostra um convite e um desafio -- que nosso autor enfrenta com sucesso há décadas.
Terpenoids. IL. A Study of the Prins Reaction on the Isopropylidene-Type Double Bonds (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTerpenoids. IL. A Study of the Prins Reaction on the Isopropylidene-Type Double BondsSuryakumari Ramaswami, S. K. Ramaswami, and S. C. BhattacharyyaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 8, 2245–2248Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01031a033Request reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (609 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Research and Development of a Second-Generation Process for Oseltamivir Phosphate, Prodrug for a Neuraminidase Inhibitor (2003)

A second-generation manufacturing process from a shikimic acid-derived epoxide to oseltamivir phosphate features a magnesium chloride−amine complex-catalyzed ring opening of the epoxide by tert-butylamine, a selective O-sulfonylation of the resulting tert-butylamino alcohol, a surprisingly efficient cleavage of a tert-butyl group from an aliphatic tert-butylamide, and the isolation of oseltamivir phosphate from a palladium-catalyzed allyl transfer reaction mixture. The overall yield from the epoxide to oseltamivir phosphate has been increased from 27 to 29% or 35−38% for two previous processes, respectively, to 61%.
Lateral stability of a periodically forced electrostatic comb drive (2012)

Constant-gap electrostatic comb drives are a commonly used MEMS actuator design. The operating range of these devices is limited by an instability called “side pull-in” that arises from the geometric nonlinearity of the electrostatic force. Side pull-in corresponds to a pitchfork bifurcation in the plane of the actuator, perpendicular to the intended travel direction. We refer to this as the lateral direction. This paper considers the effect of a periodic drive voltage on the side pull-in instability. Electrode flexibility, out-of-plane motion, and rotation are not considered. The planar translational behavior is modeled by two coupled second-order nonlinear systems. Considering small lateral perturbations and neglecting damping, the lateral dynamics may be approximated by a second-order, linear, periodic time-varying, model in the form of Hill's equation. Application of Floquet theory shows that a periodically time-varying drive voltage may be chosen to stabilize the linearized lateral dynamics about an equilibrium well beyond the side pull-in point. Simulation of the fully coupled nonlinear ODEs shows good agreement with the linear stability map. In terms of the MEMS comb drive model, this corresponds to travel extension of up to 200% beyond the side pull-in point.
Real-time kinetics of sarcomere relaxation by laser diffraction. (1985)

Kinetics of sarcomere movement were studied in real-time by laser diffraction. Instantaneous sarcomere shortening was measured during afterloaded twitches simultaneously with instantaneous shortening and tension of the whole trabecula excised from rat right ventricle. Resting sarcomere length at optimal length was 2.20 +/- 0.02 micron (mean +/- SEM). Maximum amplitude of sarcomere shortening was 0.30 +/- 0.01 and 0.16 +/- 0.01 micron, respectively, in twitches loaded with preload only, and in "isometric" twitches. When the isotonic load (expressed as a percentage of maximum isometric force TF) increased, the maximum velocity of sarcomere relaxation max Vr (micron/sec) decreased: max Vr = -4 exp (-2.5 X 10(-2) % TF); r = 0.95. The time course of sarcomere relaxation appeared to be progressively delayed when the total load increased from preload only up to "isometric" load. Sarcomere relaxation occurred in two successive exponential phases, a rapid phase [time constant (msec): tau 1] followed by a slower one (time constant: tau 2). When the total load increased, tau 1 increased and tau 2 decreased according to the linear relations: % TF = 0.2 tau 1 + 4.8 (r = 0.83) and % TF = -0.1 tau 2 + 157 (r = 0.95). The relative predominance of both the time course and the amplitude of these two phases depended upon the level of total load. The rapid process predominated at low load, the slow one at high load. The role of load and/or shortening in the time course of these two phases is discussed.
Microstructure Control of Iron Intermetallics in Al-Si Casting Alloys (1995)

The effect of manganese concentration, cooling rate and melt superheat temperature on the crystallization of iron intermetallics in 319 and 413 alloys was studied. It was found that the manganese addition converts the crystallization of harmful β phase platelets to less harmful α phase and fine star-like sludge particles in 319 and 413 alloys, respectively. However, at high levels of manganese large amounts of coarse sludge particles are found in the microstructure and the critical sludge factor to avoid this condition is 2.1. The optimum manganese concentration is estimated to be 0.5% and 0.3% for 319-1.0% Fe and 413-1.2 % Fe + 0.1 % Cr alloys, respectively. Increasing the cooling rate refines the microstructure of iron intermetallics and a high cooling rate is preferable for both the alloys. Melt superheating eliminates the formation of sludge compounds in both 319 and 413 alloys. The α phase structure in 319 alloys is also refined when the melt is superheated to a high temperature.
Mitogenesis and retinal pigment epithelial cell antigen expression in the rat after krypton laser photocoagulation. (1993)

Because the presence of FGF-positive RPE cells coincides temporally with increased nuclear thymidine labeling in the RPE and choriocapillaris, aFGF and/or bFGF may be at least partly responsible for initiating the process of cell proliferation and subretinal neovascularization in these animals.