gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blockchain application and outlook in the banking industry (2016)

Blockchain technology is a core, underlying technology with promising application prospects in the banking industry. On one hand, the banking industry in China is facing the impact of interest rate liberalization and profit decline caused by the narrowing interest-rate spread. On the other hand, it is also affected by economic transformation, Internet development, and financial innovations. Hence, the banking industry requires urgent transformation and is seeking new growth avenues. As such, blockchains could revolutionize the underlying technology of the payment clearing and credit information systems in banks, thus upgrading and transforming them. Blockchain applications also promote the formation of “multi-center, weakly intermediated” scenarios, which will enhance the efficiency of the banking industry. However, despite the permissionless and self-governing nature of blockchains, the regulation and actual implementation of a decentralized system are problems that remain to be resolved. Therefore, we propose the urgent establishment of a “regulatory sandbox” and the development of industry standards.
Design of a Large-Area Fast Neutron Directional Detector (2006)

A large-area fast-neutron double-scatter directional detector and spectrometer is being constructed using 1-meter-long plastic scintillator paddles with photomultiplier tubes at both ends. The scintillators detect fast neutrons by proton recoil and also gamma rays by Compton scattering. The paddles are arranged in two parallel planes so that neutrons can be distinguished from muons and gamma rays by time of flight between the planes. The signal pulses are digitized with a time resolution of one gigasample per second. The location of an event along each paddle can be determined from the relative amplitudes or timing of the signals at the ends. The angle of deflection of a neutron in the first plane can be estimated from the energy deposited by the recoil proton, combined with the scattered neutron time-of-flight energy. Each scattering angle can be back-projected as a cone, and many intersecting cones define the incident neutron direction from a distant point source. Moreover, the total energy of each neutron can be obtained, allowing some regions of a fission source spectrum to be distinguished from background generated by cosmic rays. Monte Carlo calculations have been compared with measurements.
High Affinity Binding of β2-Glycoprotein I to Human Endothelial Cells Is Mediated by Annexin II (2000)

Beta(2)-glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI) is an abundant plasma phospholipid-binding protein and an autoantigen in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Binding of beta(2)GPI to endothelial cells targets them for activation by anti-beta(2)GPI antibodies, which circulate and are associated with thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. However, the binding of beta(2)GPI to endothelial cells has not been characterized and is assumed to result from association of beta(2)GPI with membrane phospholipid. Here, we characterize the binding of beta(2)GPI to endothelial cells and identify the beta(2)GPI binding site. (125)I-beta(2)GPI bound with high affinity (K(d) approximately 18 nm) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Using affinity purification, we isolated beta(2)GPI-binding proteins of approximately 78 and approximately 36 kDa from HUVECs and EAHY.926 cells. Amino acid sequences of tryptic peptides from each of these were identical to sequences within annexin II. A role for annexin II in binding of beta(2)GPI to cells was confirmed by the observations that annexin II-transfected HEK 293 cells bound approximately 10-fold more (125)I-beta(2)GPI than control cells and that anti-annexin II antibodies inhibited the binding of (125)I-beta(2)GPI to HUVECs by approximately 90%. Finally, surface plasmon resonance studies revealed high affinity binding between annexin II and beta(2)GPI. These results demonstrate that annexin II mediates the binding of beta(2)GPI to endothelial cells.
A computer generated aid for cluster analysis (1973)

A computer generated graphic method, which can be used in conjunction with any hierarchical scheme of cluster analysis, is described and illustrated. The graphic principle used is the representation of the elements of a data matrix of similarities or dissimilarities by computer printed symbols (of character overstrikes) of various shades of darkness, where a dark symbol corresponds to a small dissimilarity. The plots, applied to a data matrix before clustering and to the rearranged matrix after clustering, show at a glance whether clustering brought forth any distinctive clusters. A well-known set of data consisting of the correlations of 24 psychological tests is used to illustrate the comparison of groupings by four methods of factor analysis and two methods of cluster analysis.
Piezoelectric paint sensor for real-time structural health monitoring (2005)

Sensors, which collect data for further information processing, are core component of any viable structural health monitoring system. Continuous on-line structural health monitoring can be achieved through the use of advanced sensors developed for real-time structural health monitoring applications. To overcome the problems associated with traditional piezoelectric ceramics, a polymer-based piezoelectric paint material has been developed and recently used for sensors. The piezoelectric paint is composed of tiny piezoelectric particles mixed within polymer matrix and therefore belongs to "0-3" piezoelectric composite. Because of the electro-mechanical coupling properties of piezoelectric paint, the dynamic responses of host structures can be monitored by measuring the output voltage signals from the piezoelectric paint sensor. Piezoelectric paint sensors hold a great potential for dynamic strain sensing applications due to the ease with which their mechanical properties can be adjusted, low fabrication cost, ease of implementation, and conformability to curved surface Additionally, a novel surface crack detection technique has been conceived and validated experimentally, in which cracks of the host structure is detected by observing the measured signals from an piezoelectric paint sensor with multi-electrode configuration. This paper presents this piezoelectric paint-based crack monitoring method as well as validation test data. The piezoelectric paint sensor is ideal for surface crack detection in locations with complex geometry, such as welded joints, which conventional sensors are ill equipped to do.
Genetic analysis of type 1 diabetes using whole genome approaches. (1995)

Whole genome linkage analysis of type 1 diabetes using affected sib pair families and semi-automated genotyping and data capture procedures has shown how type 1 diabetes is inherited. A major proportion of clustering of the disease in families can be accounted for by sharing of alleles at susceptibility loci in the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6 (IDDM1) and at a minimum of 11 other loci on nine chromosomes. Primary etiological components of IDDM1, the HLA-DQB1 and -DRB1 class II immune response genes, and of IDDM2, the minisatellite repeat sequence in the 5' regulatory region of the insulin gene on chromosome 11p15, have been identified. Identification of the other loci will involve linkage disequilibrium mapping and sequencing of candidate genes in regions of linkage.
Fast Similarity Search for Learned Metrics (2009)

We introduce a method that enables scalable similarity search for learned metrics. Given pairwise similarity and dissimilarity constraints between some examples, we learn a Mahalanobis distance function that captures the examples' underlying relationships well. To allow sublinear time similarity search under the learned metric, we show how to encode the learned metric parameterization into randomized locality-sensitive hash functions. We further formulate an indirect solution that enables metric learning and hashing for vector spaces whose high dimensionality makes it infeasible to learn an explicit transformation over the feature dimensions. We demonstrate the approach applied to a variety of image data sets, as well as a systems data set. The learned metrics improve accuracy relative to commonly used metric baselines, while our hashing construction enables efficient indexing with learned distances and very large databases.
Comparison of performance with frequency transposition hearing aids and conventional hearing aids. (1997)

Four experienced hearing aid users were evaluated using a frequency transposition (TranSonic) hearing system. Following a trial period, the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Performance (APHAB) and a variety of speech audiometric measures were used to compare the frequency transposition fitting with each subject's conventional hearing aids. A single-subject study design with a series of repeated measures permitted statistical analysis of differences in performance with the various amplification strategies. Two of the four subjects demonstrated statistically significant benefit with the frequency transposition device. Results show the efficacy of frequency transposition in improving speech understanding and quality of life in some individuals with severe-to-profound hearing loss. Overall, results suggest the need for evaluating the benefit of frequency transposition on an individual basis.
Synthesis of Some Surfactants Based on Polytriethanolamine and Investigation of Their Surface Active Properties (2010)

New modified surfactants were developed by esterification of ethoxylated polytriethanolamine with oleic acid. Triethanolamine was polymerized at three different times 1.30, 2.30, and 3.30 hours to give (P4, P6, and P8) where 4, 6, and 8 refer to the degree of polymerization. The prepared polymer (P8) was ethoxylated at three different molar ratios of ethylene oxide (40, 100, and 120) and named E(en)P8. Then the ethoxylated polymers were esterified with oleic acid and abbreviated as E(en)P8Om. The surface properties for these surfactants were determined by measuring the surface tension. The structure was confirmed using the elemental analysis, (FTIR, 1H, 13C NMR) spectroscopic.
Genetic Engineering of white <i>Shochu-Koji</i> to achieve Higher Levels of Acid-Stable α-Amylase and Glucoamylase and other Properties when used for <i>Shochu</i> Making on a Laboratory Scale (1999)

The genes for acid-stable α-amylase and glucoamylase were cloned from white shochu-koji, Aspergillus kawachii. Both genes were used to transform the parent strain of white shochu-koji which carried a dominant selective marker gene, amdS, that originated from A. oryzae. Three lines of transformants were identified that secreted about 6-fold more acid-stable α-amylase activity and about 7-fold more glucoamylase activity than the parent strain in liquid culture. In solid culture, all three transformants had 2-fold higher acid-stable α-amylase activity and 2.4-fold higher glucoamylase activity than the parent strain. When koji was prepared on a laboratory scale, acid-stable α-amylase activity was 5.7-fold higher and glucoamylase activity was 3.8-fold higher than when the parent strain was used. Shochu was produced with a koji ratio of 33% or 10% using one line of transformants on a laboratory scale. Even with a koji ratio of 10%, the weight of the mash obtained with the transformant decreased to almost the same extent as with a koji ratio of 33% and the parent strain. Levels of flavour compounds in shochu produced with koji of the transformant were higher than in the shochu prepared with koji of the parent strain. In particular, levels of isoamyl acetate and β-phenethyl acetate were as high as 12.9 mg/litre and 3.8 mg/litre, respectively.
Rearrangement of a phosphorus-carbon-phosphorus bridge to a phosphorus-nitrogen-phosphorus bridge via organogermanium- or organotin-assisted cleavage of a phosphorus-carbon bond. Crystal and molecular structure of the imine salt (CH3)Ph2PNPPh2(NH2)+Cl- (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRearrangement of a phosphorus-carbon-phosphorus bridge to a phosphorus-nitrogen-phosphorus bridge via organogermanium- or organotin-assisted cleavage of a phosphorus-carbon bond. Crystal and molecular structure of the imine salt (CH3)Ph2PNPPh2(NH2)+Cl-Kattesh V. Katti, A. A. Pinkerton, and Ronald G. CavellCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 12, 2631–2633Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00012a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00012a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Measles Vaccine for Protection of Dogs Against Canine Distemper (1970)

SUMMARY Tests were made of the protection that measles virus ( mv ) vaccine provides against canine distemper ( cd ). A statistically determined number of dogs were used to permit the conclusion that mv efficacy was greater than 90%. The mv vaccine provided protection whether maternal cd antibodies were present or absent. Based upon cd antibody titer, development of immunity occurred in 2 stages. The mv vaccine initiated the first stage. After exposure to canine distemper virus ( cdv ), the second stage was completed quickly, with cd antibodies developing within 6 days. As these antibodies were produced, cdv disappeared within 8 days, with no signs of cd occurring. In contrast, dogs that had not been given a prior inoculation of mv vaccine had cdv in their spleens, no cd antibodies, and greatly reduced thymuses. These findings suggest criteria to evaluate properly mv vaccine for protecting dogs from cd .
Immunotherapy of Cancer: Regression of Tumors after Intralesional Injection of Living <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> (1971)

Injection of living Mycobacterium bovis (strain BCG) into established intradermal tumors caused tumor regression and prevented the development of metastases.
Ferric ion sequestering agents. 21. Synthesis and spectrophotometric and potentiometric evaluation of trihydroxamate analogs of ferrichrome (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFerric ion sequestering agents. 21. Synthesis and spectrophotometric and potentiometric evaluation of trihydroxamate analogs of ferrichromeChiu Yuen Ng, Steven J. Rodgers, and Kenneth N. RaymondCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 11, 2062–2066Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00310a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00310a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of electron and hole trap based on isothermal surface potential decay model (2013)

For identifying electron and hole traps in polymeric materials, we combine the isothermal relaxation current theory and surface potential decay together and present a model called isothermal surface potential decay (ISPD). A non-contact measurement setup is specially designed, which features that energy distribution of electron or hole-type traps can be discriminated with negative or positive corona charging, respectively. By measuring the ISPD characteristics of low-density polyethylene and polypropylene films, their trap distributions are obtained, revealing the different semi-crystalline morphology of these two materials. The results we obtained may imply the essentially distinct nature of electron/hole traps: inter-chain for electron-type traps and intra-chain for hole-type traps, which is in agreement with other researchers' molecular modeling results.
Experimental evaluation of an adiabiatic quantum system for combinatorial optimization (2013)

This paper describes an experimental study of a novel computing system (algorithm plus platform) that carries out quantum annealing, a type of adiabatic quantum computation, to solve optimization problems. We compare this system to three conventional software solvers, using instances from three NP-hard problem domains. We also describe experiments to learn how performance of the quantum annealing algorithm depends on input.
A novel interpolation method for 3D view synthesis (2012)

In this paper a novel intermediate view synthesis algorithm for 3D video rendering is presented. The proposal is based on the representation of the pixels to be warped as intervals of finite length. The warping, hole-filling and merging stages of the view synthesis procedure can be recast according to this notation with significant advantages from the point of view of algorithm complexity, memory requirements and image synthesis quality. A novel interpolation rule based on the definition of a foreground and a background weight associated to each warped pixel is proposed and compared with linear interpolation based on pixels distance. The experimental results show that the designed technique yields a noticeable gain in terms of rendered image quality, while at the same time halving the execution time with respect to the MPEG view synthesis reference software.
A<i>Salmonella</i>inositol polyphosphatase acts in conjunction with other bacterial effectors to promote host cell actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and bacterial internalization (2001)

A central feature of Salmonella pathogenicity is the bacterium's ability to enter into non-phagocytic cells. Bacterial internalization is the consequence of cellular responses characterized by Cdc42- and Rac-dependent actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. These responses are triggered by the co-ordinated function of bacterial proteins delivered into the host cell by a specialized protein secretion system termed type III. We report here that SopB, a Salmonella inositol polyphosphatase delivered to the host cell by this secretion system, mediates actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and bacterial entry in a Cdc42-dependent manner. SopB exhibits overlapping functions with two other effectors of bacterial entry, the Rho family GTPase exchange factors SopE and SopE2. Thus, Salmonella strains deficient in any one of these proteins can enter into cells at high efficiency, whereas a strain lacking all three effectors is completely defective for entry. Consistent with an important role for inositol phosphate metabolism in Salmonella-induced cellular responses, a catalytically defective mutant of SopB failed to stimulate actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and bacterial entry. Furthermore, bacterial infection of intestinal cells resulted in a marked increase in Ins(1,4,5,6)P4, a consumption of InsP5 and the activation of phospholipase C. In agreement with the in vivo findings, purified SopB specifically dephosphorylated InsP5 to Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 in vitro. Surprisingly, the inositol phosphate fluxes induced by Salmonella were not caused exclusively by SopB. We show that the SopB-independent inositol phosphate fluxes are the consequence of the SopE-dependent activation of an endogenous inositol phosphatase. The ability of Salmonella to stimulate Rho GTPases signalling and inositol phosphate metabolism through alternative mechanisms is an example of the remarkable ability of this bacterial pathogen to manipulate host cellular functions.
Purification and Characterization of the Nocardial Acetylesterase Involved in 2-Butanone Degradation (1974)

An inducible acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6) that hydrolyzes ethyl acetate, an intermediate in the degradation of 2-butanone by Nocardia strain LSU-169, was purified. The polypeptide molecular weight as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 39,500, and the enzyme molecular weight determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation was 84,000. The purified enzyme demonstrated aggregation in polyacrylamide gels. The esterase hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methyl acetate; however, enzymatic hydrolysis of phosphates, sulfates, dipeptides, lactones, or the ethyl esters of N-benzoyl-l-tyrosine could not be detected. The apparent K(m) for esterase activity with p-nitrophenyl acetate as the substrate was 6.7 x 10(-5) M, and the maximal velocity (V) was 1,223 mumol/min per mg of protein at 30 C. With ethyl acetate as the substrate, the apparent K(m) was 3.6 x 10(-4) M and V was 1,026 mumol/min per mg of protein. No significant inhibition of esterase activity was obtained with organophosphates, mercuric compounds, eserine sulfate, sodium arsanilate, NaF, CaCl(2), CoCl(2), or MnCl(2). At concentrations from 7 x 10(-4) to 4 x 10(-3) M, 2-butanol and primary alcohols with chain lengths of four or more carbons inhibited esterase activity from 59 to 86%. Linear noncompetitive inhibition of esterase activity by 3-methyl-1-butanol with a K(i) of 1.0 x 10(-3) M was demonstrated.