gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of 3-oxo-1,2-diazetidinium ylides (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and properties of 3-oxo-1,2-diazetidinium ylidesEdward C. Taylor, Neil F. Haley, and Robert J. ClemensCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 26, 7743–7752Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00416a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00416a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1350Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Engineering Zero-Dimensional Quantum Confinement in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures (2019)

Achieving robust, localized quantum states in two-dimensional (2D) materials like graphene is desirable for optoelectronics and quantum information yet challenging due to the difficulties in confining Dirac fermions. Traditional colloidal nanoparticle and epitaxially grown quantum dots are also impractical for solid-state devices, due to either complex surface chemistry, unreliable spatial positioning, or lack of electrical and optical access. In this work, we design and optimize nanoscale monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures to natively host massive Dirac fermion bound states. We develop an integrated multiscale approach to translate first-principles electronic structure to higher length scales, where we apply a continuum model to consider arbitrary 2D quantum dot geometries and sizes. Focusing on a model system of an MoS<sub>2</sub> quantum dot in a WS<sub>2</sub> matrix (MoS<sub>2</sub>/WS<sub>2</sub>), we find discrete bound states in triangular dots with side lengths up to 20 nm. We propose figures of merit that, when optimized for, result in heterostructure configurations engineered for maximally isolated bound states at room temperature. These design principles apply to the entire family of semiconducting TMD materials, and we predict 6.5 nm MoS<sub>2</sub>/WS<sub>2</sub> (quantum dot/matrix) triangular dots and 4.5 nm MoSe<sub>2</sub>/WSe<sub>2</sub> triangular dots as ideal systems for confining massive Dirac fermions.
Botulinum Toxin C3 Inhibits Hyperalgesia in Mice With Partial Sciatic Nerve Injury (2000)

Mice with partial ligation of the sciatic nerve exhibited marked increase in the second phase nociceptive biting and licking behavior following intraplantar injection of formalin. The intrathecal pretreatment with botulinum toxin C3 dose-dependently attenuated the hyperalgesia in the second phase. These results suggest that a small G protein, Rho, and its downstream mechanisms are involved in the hyperalgesia following partial nerve injury.
Net tracing and classification analysis on E-beam die-to-database inspection (2016)

A novel classification methodology is constructed for Electron Beam (E-Beam) die-to-database (D2DB) inspection results on contact and via layers. It is a design guided defects classification flow that helps to pin-point true defects from a large amount of false alarm defects. Die-to-database E-beam inspection has remarkable features that can help find systematic defects such as Damaged Via and Missing Via; which will be reported as DVC (Dark Voltage Contrast) defects. However, the D2DB result usually reports millions of defects that lie on both ‘active via’ and ‘floating via’, the former being defects-of-interest (DOI), and the latter being of little significance. The indiscriminant mixture of DOI (on active vias) and nuisance (on floating vias) is a challenge in the use of D2DB for finding systematic via defects. We overcome this challenge by overlaying the E-beam defect location onto the design layout file (GDS or OASIS) and tracing the path of the via to determine whether or not it connects to the active or diffusion layer. Our proposed flow uses Net Tracing Classification (NTC) feature in Anchor Hotspot Solution (AHS) to classify all the reported DVC defects into different groups, according to the electrical connectivity of the contact. This classification involves multiple interconnected process layers. All the reported DVC defects will be classified into three groups: (1) Real DVC defects, in which the net traces down to active layer; (2) False DVC type 1, in which the net traces down to gate (which is always dark); (3) False DVC type 2, in which the net traces down to floating metal (which is always dark as well). This enhanced defect classification is greatly helpful in separating real DVC contact/via defects from false alarms. It has a secondary benefit of reducing the total number of defects, which is helpful for subsequent in-depth data analysis. In addition, the verified real DVC locations can be used to generate care areas for E-Beam die-to-die (D2D) inspection, which can effectively improve throughput and reduce the turn-around-time (TAT). In this paper, we will discuss a use case at the Vx layer.
Mercury inhibition at the donor side of photosystem II is reversed by chloride (1993)

Mercury is an environmental contaminant that strongly inhibits photosynthetic electron transport, photosystem II being the most sensitive target. We investigated in greater detail the effect of mercury using photosystem II submembrane fractions of higher plants. Oxygen evolution was strongly inhibited and variable chlorophyll fluorescence was severely quenched by mercury. Chloride, an inorganic cofactor known to be essential for the optimal function of photosystem II, significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of mercury. However, calcium, another essential cofactor, showed no reversal capacity. It is concluded that on the donor side of PSII, mercury exerts its action by perturbing chloride binding and/or function. Considering the exceptional affinity of mercury for sulfhydryl groups of proteins, the results suggest the implication of cystein residue(s) in maintaining structural and functional integrity of photosystem II.
A third‐generation wave model for coastal regions: 1. Model description and validation (1999)

A third‐generation numerical wave model to compute random, short‐crested waves in coastal regions with shallow water and ambient currents (Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN)) has been developed, implemented, and validated. The model is based on a Eulerian formulation of the discrete spectral balance of action density that accounts for refractive propagation over arbitrary bathymetry and current fields. It is driven by boundary conditions and local winds. As in other third‐generation wave models, the processes of wind generation, whitecapping, quadruplet wave‐wave interactions, and bottom dissipation are represented explicitly. In SWAN, triad wave‐wave interactions and depth‐induced wave breaking are added. In contrast to other third‐generation wave models, the numerical propagation scheme is implicit, which implies that the computations are more economic in shallow water. The model results agree well with analytical solutions, laboratory observations, and (generalized) field observations.
The development of a closed-form expression for the input impedance of power-return plane structures (2003)

In multilayer printed circuit boards, the noise on the power bus is influenced by the impedance between the power and ground planes. Power-bus noise estimates require an accurate estimate of the power-bus input impedance. This paper develops a closed-form estimate of the input impedance for circular power-return plane structures. When the structure is lossy (e.g., boards employing embedded capacitance or densely populated boards), the energy reflected from the board edge does not significantly affect the input impedance. In general, the expressions developed here for circular structures can be used to estimate the impedance of lossy power-return plane structures of any shape.
Preparation and characterization of novel sinomenine microcapsules for oral controlled drug delivery (2009)

These novel SIN microcapsules may be developed into oral controlled drug delivery for rheumatism and arthritis.
Development and Evaluation of a Portable Audiometer for High-Frequency Screening of Hearing Loss From Ototoxicity in Homes/Clinics (2012)

Cancer treatment often requires patients to be exposed to drugs that can damage hearing. Drugs such as cisplatin can cause permanent damage to hearing if not detected early. Damage typically occurs first in the more basal regions of the cochlea which are specific for high-frequency (HF) hearing and progresses to more apical regions that are relevant to speech understanding. Monitoring of HF hearing loss can be an effective means for early detection of ototoxicity caused by chemotherapy. Once ototoxicity is detected, the oncology medical team could adjust the drug dosage or switch to medications that are less ototoxic. Telehealth technology may improve access to ototoxicity monitoring. Patients could monitor their own hearing using a device that alerts healthcare professionals in the event of a change in hearing. A portable audiometer is currently not available that is 1) capable of automatic or manual (by an audiologist) operation; 2) designed with precision pure-tone functionality up to 20 kHz; and 3) able to remotely transfer health status information to a healthcare professional. This paper describes the design of a technology, the ototoxicity identification (OtoID), that includes a portable audiometer with HF test functionality that meets ANSI/ASA S3.6-2010 standards and is capable of reliably detecting a person's drug-related hearing changes relative to a baseline period (i.e., before ototoxic drugs) using an automated test. The system includes a wireless cellular modem capable of notifying a remote healthcare professional in the event that a significant change in hearing has occurred in the patient. The system was evaluated on test subjects within a sound-proof booth, a noisy hospital ward, and within their homes. Results indicate that the OtoID system can be used by patients to effectively monitor hearing changes remotely within their home or in a hospital ward, ultimately enabling early detection of ototoxicity and potentially avoiding hearing loss.
Inhibition of Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase Attenuates Acute Lung Injury in an Ovine Model of Sepsis (2004)

It is known that in various pathophysiological conditions, reactive oxidants cause DNA strand breakage and subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP). Activation of PARP results in cellular dysfunction. We hypothesized that pharmacological inhibition of PARP reduces the damage in the ovine model of acute lung injury (ALI). After smoke inhalation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5 x 109 cfu/kg) was instilled into both lungs. All of the animals were mechanically ventilated with 100% O2. The infusion of the PARP inhibitor (INO-1001, n = 6) began 1 h after the injury and thereafter through 24 h (3 mg bolus + 0.3 mg/kg/h, i.v.). Control animals (n = 6) were treated with saline. Sham injury animals (n = 8) received sham smoke and were mechanically ventilated in the same fashion. One-half of those sham animals (n = 4) were given the same dose of INO-1001. PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 24 h in saline and in the INO-1001-treated groups were 95 +/- 22 and 181 +/- 22, respectively (P < 0.05). Peak airway pressure at 24 h in the saline- and INO-1001-treated groups was 32.6 +/- 3.0 and 24.4 +/- 2.2, respectively (P < 0.05). Pulmonary shunt fraction was also significantly attenuated. INO-1001 treatment reduced pulmonary histological injury and attenuated poly (ADP-ribose) accumulation in the lung. In conclusion, inhibition of PARP improved the ALI after smoke inhalation and pneumonia. The results suggest that the activation of PARP plays a role in the pathophysiology of ALI in sheep.
A Novel Variant of Glutamine (2001)

Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase(GFAT) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine synthesis pathway. Products of this pathway have been implicated in insulin resistance and glucose toxicity. GFAT1 is ubiquitous, whereas GFAT2 is expressed mainly in the central nervous system. In the course of developing a competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay, we noted that GFAT1 cDNA from muscle but not from other tissues migrated as a doublet. Subsequent cloning and sequencing revealed two GFAT1 mRNAs in both mouse and human skeletal muscles. The novel GFAT1 mRNA (GFAT1Alt [muscle selective variant of GFAT1]) is likely a splice variant. It is identical to GFAT1 except for a 48 or 54 bp insert in the mouse and human, respectively, at nucleotide position 686 of the coding sequence, resulting in a 16 or 18 amino acid insert at position 229 of the protein. GFAT1Alt is the predominant GFAT1 mRNA in mouse hindlimb muscle, is weakly expressed in the heart, and is undetectable in the brain, liver, kidney, lung, intestine, spleen, and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In humans, it is strongly expressed in skeletal muscle but not in the brain. GFAT1 and GFAT1Alt expressed by recombinant adenovirus infection in COS-7 cells displayed robust enzyme activity and kinetic differences. The apparent K(m) of GFAT1Alt for fructose-6-phosphate was approximately twofold higher than that of GFAT1, whereas K(i) for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine was approximately fivefold lower. Muscle insulin resistance is a hallmark and predictor of type 2 diabetes. Variations in the expression of GFAT isoforms in muscle may contribute to predisposition to insulin resistance.
Extraction of defect characteristics for yield estimation using the double bridge test structure (2002)

Discusses the use of special test structures and algorithms needed to extract the defect characteristics for accurate yield estimation. By using the double bridge test structure, which can be applied to obtain defect size distributions in the metal layer, the basic elements of the defect extraction algorithms are demonstrated. Data from a fabrication experiment is used to illustrate the algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PtSi Schottky-barrier focal plane arrays for multispectral imaging in ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectral bands (1990)

PtSi Schottky-barrier detectors, which are conventionally used in the back-illumination mode for thermal imaging in the 3-5- mu m infrared (IR) spectral band, are shown to exhibit excellent photoresponse in the near-ultraviolet and visible regions when operated in the front-illumination mode. For devices without antireflection coatings, external quantum efficiency in excess of 60% has been obtained for wavelengths between 400 and 800 nm. The efficiency decreases below 400 nm but is still about 35% at 290 nm. High-quality imaging has been demonstrated in both the visible and 3-5- mu m spectral bands for front-illuminated 160*244-element PtSi focal plane arrays integrated with monolithic CCD readout circuitry.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transformation of Indian muntjac cells by murine and avian sarcoma viruses. (1978)

Indian muntjac cells were efficiently transformed by murine sarcoma virus (MSV) and avian sarcoma viruses (ASV). When colony formation of the infected cells was examined in soft agar, many colonies were formed by the ASV-injected cells but no colony was seen in the MSV-infected cells. The ASV-transformed cell clones differed among the clones in morphology, presence of inducible ASV genome, and karyotypes.
Microstructural Analysis and Mathematical Modeling of Electric Double-Layer Supercapacitors (2005)

For hybrid-electric vehicle applications, supercapacitors show promise for providing low cost per unit power, high-efficiency energy storage, substantially temperature-invariant operation, and high cycle life (potentially equating to one supercapacitor pack per vehicle lifetime). Here we provide a microstructural and mathematical analysis for the characterization of a relatively high specific energy supercapacitor. The governing equations and the boundary conditions are generalized so that the cell can be modeled using a current, potential, or power excitation source. An Appendix 1clarifies the role of binary-electrolyte diffusion. The overall analysis allows one to determine the optimal target operating voltage for hybrid vehicle operation, calculate the available energy vs. available power for the system, and clarify the electrode utilization through the examination of the stored charge as a function of position.
Biological importance of the retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor in sensory neurons. (1981)

Nerve growth factor is retrogradely transported in sympathetic and sensory neurons throughout life. Although this transport is known to be biologically significant in sympathetic neurons, such a function was not yet known in sensory ganglia. By using the neuropeptide substance P as a biochemical marker, we show that sensory ganglia from newborn and adult rats respond in nerve growth factor and that its retrograde axonal transport is biologically relevant, as indicated by an increase in substance P and in general protein content.
Environmentally Responsible Development of Nanotechnology (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeatureNEXTEnvironmentally Responsible Development of NanotechnologyMihail C. RocoCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 5, 106A–112APublication Date (Web):March 1, 2005Publication History Published online1 March 2005Published inissue 1 March 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es053199uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/es053199unewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views5463Altmetric-Citations142LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (375 KB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Nanotechnology Get e-Alerts
Speech intelligibility assessment of protective facemasks and air-purifying respirators (2016)

Speech Intelligibility (SI) is the perceived quality of sound transmission. In healthcare settings, the ability to communicate clearly with coworkers, patients, etc., is crucial to quality patient care and safety. The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the suitability of the Speech Transmission Index (STI) methods for testing reusable and disposable facial and respiratory personal protective equipment (protective facemasks [PF], N95 filtering facepiece respirators [N95 FFR], and elastomeric half-mask air-purifying respirators [EAPR]) commonly worn by healthcare workers; (2) quantify STI levels of these devices; and (3) contribute to the scientific body of knowledge in the area of SI. SI was assessed using the STI under two experimental conditions: (1) a modified version of the National Fire Protection Association 1981 Supplementary Voice Communications System Performance Test at a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of -15 (66 dBA) and (2) STI measurements utilizing a range of modified pink noise levels (52.5 dBA (-2 SNR) - 72.5 dBA (+7 SNR)) in 5.0 dBA increments. The PF models (Kimberly Clark 49214 and 3 M 1818) had the least effect on SI interference, typically deviating from the STI baseline (no-mask condition) by 3% and 4% STI, respectively. The N95FFR (3 M 1870, 3 M 1860) had more effect on SI interference, typically differing from baseline by 13% and 17%, respectively, for models tested. The EAPR models (Scott Xcel and North 5500) had the most significant impact on SI, differing from baseline by 42% for models tested. This data offers insight into the performance of these apparatus with respect to STI and may serve as a reference point for future respirator design considerations, standards development, testing and certification activities.
Biomaterials by Design: Layer-By-Layer Assembled Ion-Selective and Biocompatible Films of TiO2 Nanoshells for Neurochemical Monitoring (2002)

Titania nanoshells with an external diameter of 10–30 nm and a wall thickness of 3–5 nm were prepared by dissolving the silver cores of Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles in a concentrated solution of ammonium hydroxide. The nanoshells were assembled layer-by-layer (LBL), with negatively charged poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to produce coatings with a network of voids and channels in the interior of the film. The diameter of the channels in the titania shells was comparable to the thickness of the electrical double layer in porous matter (0.3–30 nm). The prepared nanoparticulate films demonstrated strong ion-sieving properties due to the exclusion of some ions from the diffuse region of the electrical double layer. The permeation of ions could be tuned effectively by the pH and ionic strength of a solution between “open” and “closed” states. The ion-separation effect was utilized for the selective determination of one of the most important neurotransmitters, dopamine, on a background of ascorbic acid. Under physiological conditions, the negative charge on the surface of TiO2 facilitated the permeation of positively charged dopamine through the LBL film to the electrode, preventing the access of the negatively charged ascorbic acid. The deposition of the nanoshell/polyelectrolyte film resulted in a significant improvement to the selectivity of dopamine determination. The prepared nanoshell films were also found to be compatible with nervous tissue secreting dopamine. Although the obtained data demonstrated the potential of TiO2 LBL films for implantable biomedical devices for nerve tissue monitoring, the problem of electrode poisoning by the by-products of dopamine reduction has yet to be resolved.
Valproic Acid Monotherapy in Pregnancy and Major Congenital Malformations (2010)

The use of valproic acid monotherapy in the first trimester was associated with significantly increased risks of several congenital malformations, as compared with no use of antiepileptic drugs or with use of other antiepileptic drugs.