gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroevolution of a Hybrid Power Plant Simulator (2016)

Ever increasing energy demands are driving the development of high-efficiency power generation technologies such as direct-fired fuel cell turbine hybrid systems. Due to lack of an accurate system model, high nonlinearities and high coupling between system parameters, traditional control strategies are often inadequate. To resolve this problem, learning based controllers trained using neuroevolution are currently being developed. In order for the neuroevolution of these controllers to be computationally tractable, a computationally efficient simulator of the plant is required. Despite the availability of real-time sensor data from a physical plant, supervised learning techniques such as backpropagation are deficient as minute errors at each step tend to propagate over time. In this paper, we implement a neuroevolutionary method in conjunction with backpropagation to ameliorate this problem. Furthermore, a novelty search method is implemented which is shown to diversify our neural network based-simulator, making it more robust to local optima. Results show that our simulator is able to achieve an overall average error of 0.39% and a maximum error of 1.26% for any state variable averaged over the time-domain simulation of the hybrid power plant.
Suppression of Macrophage Activation with CNI-1493 Increases Survival in Infant Rats with Systemic <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Infection (2000)

CNI-1493, a potent macrophage deactivator, was used to treat infant rats systemically infected with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). CNI-1493 was injected 1 h prior to bacterial inoculation and 24 h later and resulted in a 75 percent increased rate of survival compared to that for untreated controls. The effect of CNI-1493 on the inflammatory response was studied by immunohistochemical detection of individual tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta)-, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing cells in the spleen. A significant reduction of the incidence of TNF-alpha- and IL-1beta-expressing cells was found for CNI-1493-treated animals. IFN-gamma expression was not suppressed by CNI-1493, indicating that cytokine inhibition was specific in macrophages. CNI-1493 significantly reduced the number of infiltrating granulocytes in the brain from that for controls. This study provides evidence that CNI-1493 protects against lethal Hib infection by deactivating the inflammatory cascade in infant rats.
Qualified decision-making using the fuzzy relation inequalities (2002)

This paper takes up the decision-making problem, in which the decision-maker imposes certain qualifications on alternatives. In most cases, the given qualifications are based on human's subjectivity and thus requirements are not sharply defined. For the problem, the paper proposes a fuzzy translation between vague requirements and criteria for evaluated alternatives. The fuzzy translation is formulated by fuzzy relation inequality, and the criteria on alternatives are obtained from the requirements, using the fuzzy backward reasoning. The resulting criteria are regarded as the weights of the evaluation items. The final aggregated score for each alternative is calculated by using fuzzy measure and fuzzy integrals. The paper also presents an effective way of solving the fuzzy relation inequality.
Face Geometry and Appearance Modeling: Concepts and Applications (2011)

Human faces are familiar to our visual systems. We easily recognize a person's face in arbitrary lighting conditions and in a variety of poses; detect small appearance changes; and notice subtle expression details. Can computer vision systems process face images as well as human vision systems can? Face image processing has potential applications in surveillance, image and video search, social networking and other domains. A comprehensive guide to this fascinating topic, this book provides a systematic description of modeling face geometry and appearance from images, including information on mathematical tools, physical concepts, image processing and computer vision techniques, and concrete prototype systems. The book will be an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students in computer vision, computer graphics and multimedia, as well as application developers who would like to gain a better understanding of the state of the art
VI.—A Treatise on Crystallography.—By W. J. Lewis. pp. 612, with 553 figures in the text. (Cambridge, 1899.) (1900)

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美军关注NMD时代的解放军导弹力量：撒手锎——美军中国弹道导弹力量分析报告 (2005)

本文原载于美国(《军事评论》2004年12月号。作者杰弗里·T·鲁姆系美国空军上校。现任美国空军驻马萨诸塞州汉斯科姆空军基地电子系统中心情报．监视和侦察分部主任。本文作者认为。自1991年海湾战争以来中国就一直在大力发展二炮部队和战略力量。并赋予了这些弹道导弹项目相对更高的优先发展权。确保中国部队真备更加强大核威慑能力。以弥补常规战力的不足。本刊并非同意文中的观点。也不证实文中提到的有关数据与报道，仅供有兴趣的读者参考：同时，原文写作深受中国威胁论的影响。望广大读者鉴别。
Computerizing the transfusion service department: one laboratory's experience. (1998)

Implementing new procedures in the workplace often presents unanticipated challenges. As one-half of the "odd-couple of laboratory project management," the author outlines with humor the trials and tribulations encountered when she and a coworker agreed to computerize the transfusion service in her hospital.
Real-Time Stereo Vision Processing System in a FPGA (2006)

This paper describes a reconfigurable digital architecture to compute dense disparity maps at video-rate for stereo vision. The processor architecture is described in synthetizable VHDL and, by means of the reconfigurability, the hardware requirements are optimized for different image resolutions and matching scenarios. The configurable description of a stereo processor provides the entity to design stereo matching systems, implementing by incremental design multi-baseline or multi-scale stereo vision algorithms. We show the results of the synthesis and its implementation cost in logic elements and time delays. The synthesis results have been implemented in a practical prototype
Flexible High-Performance Lead-Free Na<sub>0.47</sub>K<sub>0.47</sub>Li<sub>0.06</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub> Microcube-Structure-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester (2016)

Lead-free piezoelectric nano- and microstructure-based generators have recently attracted much attention due to the continuous demand of self-powered body implantable devices. We report the fabrication of a high-performance flexible piezoelectric microgenerator based on lead-free inorganic piezoelectric Na0.47K0.47Li0.06NbO3 (NKLN) microcubes for the first time. The composite generator is fabricated using NKLN microcubes and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer on a flexible substrate. The flexible device exhibits excellent performance with a large recordable piezoelectric output voltage of 48 V and output current density of 0.43 μA/cm(2) under vertical compressive force of 2 kgf, for which an energy conversion efficiency of about 11% has been achieved. Piezoresponse and ferroelectric studies reveal that NKLN microcubes exhibited high piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) as high as 460 pC/N and a well-defined hysteresis loops with remnant polarization and coercive field of 13.66 μC/cm(2) and 19.45 kV/cm, respectively. The piezoelectric charge generation mechanism from NKLN microgenerator are discussed in the light of the high d33 and alignment of electric dipoles in polymer matrix and dielectric constant of NKLN microcubes. It has been demonstrated that the developed power generator has the potential to generate high electric output power under mechanical vibration for powering biomedical devices in the near future.
The effect of chlormethiazole on neuronal damage in a model of transient focal ischaemia (1995)

1. The effect of chlormethiazole has been studied in a transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model of cerebral ischaemia in the rat. The MCA was occluded for 1 h by use of an intraluminal suture technique, with reperfusion for 24 h following removal of the occluding filament. Neuronal damage was determined by measurement of the area of necrosis following Cresyl Violet staining of sections taken through the ischaemic region. 2. In the initial experiment, occlusion of the MCA produced a large volume of ischaemic damage in both cortex and striatum, characterized by necrosis and pyknosis (total volume of damage, 287 +/- 13 mm3, n = 9). Rats injected with chlormethiazole (1000 mumol kg-1, i.p.) 60 min before occlusion had a reduced volume of damage in both regions (104 +/- 11 mm3; n = 9; P < 0.001). 3. In a subsequent study systemic physiological parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, blood pH, blood gases and rectal temperature) were measured throughout the ischaemic period. 4. Chlormethiazole (1000 mumol kg-1) pretreatment produced little change in systemic physiology and the neuroprotective effect of the drug when given 60 min prior to the MCA occlusion was confirmed. Chlormethiazole was also neuroprotective when given 10 min following the start of reperfusion (control group: 244 +/- 52 mm3, n = 10; chlormethiazole pretreatment group: 102 +/- 23 mm3, n = 10; P < 0.001; chlormethiazole post-ischaemia group: 122 +/- 16 mm3; P < 0.001, n = 10). 5. It is concluded that chlormethiazole is an effective neuroprotective agent in this model of transient focal ischaemia. The observation that chlormethiazole is protective when given after reperfusion indicates that the effect of the drug is unlikely to be due to an alteration of intra-ischaemic cerebral blood flow, but is more probably a direct effect on the development of ischaemic damage.
A Study of Alternate Methods for the Alkylation of Acetoacetic Esters (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of Alternate Methods for the Alkylation of Acetoacetic EstersW. B. Renfrow and Antoinette RenfrowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 9, 1801–1804Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01213a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01213a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proanthocyanidins Inhibit <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Growth of Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the Prostaglandin E2 and Prostaglandin E2 Receptors (2010)

Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins (PG) is linked to a wide variety of human cancers. Here, we assessed whether the chemotherapeutic effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells is mediated through the inhibition of COX-2 and PGE(2)/PGE(2) receptor expression. The effects of GSPs on human NSCLC cell lines in terms of proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of COX-2, PGE(2), and PGE(2) receptors were determined using Western blotting, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and reverse transcription-PCR. In vitro treatment of NSCLC cells (A549, H1299, H460, H226, and H157) with GSPs resulted in significant growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis, which were associated with the inhibitory effects of GSPs on the overexpression of COX-2, PGE(2), and PGE(2) receptors (EP1 and EP4) in these cells. Treatment of cells with indomethacin, a pan-COX inhibitor, or transient transfection of cells with COX-2 small interfering RNA, also inhibited cell growth and induced cell death. The effects of a GSP-supplemented AIN76A control diet fed to nude mice bearing tumor xenografts on the expression of COX-2, PGE(2), and PGE(2) receptors in the xenografts were also evaluated. The growth-inhibitory effect of dietary GSPs (0.5%, w/w) on the NSCLC xenograft tumors was associated with the inhibition of COX-2, PGE(2), and PGE(2) receptors (EP1, EP3, and EP4) in tumors. This preclinical study provides evidence that the chemotherapeutic effect of GSPs on lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo is mediated, at least in part, through the inhibition of COX-2 expression and subsequently the inhibition of PGE(2) and PGE(2) receptors.
Spiropyran-linked dipeptide forms supramolecular hydrogel with dual responses to light and to ligand–receptor interaction (2009)

Integration of photo-sensitive spiropyran with dipeptide d-Ala-d-Ala in one small molecule resulted in a hydrogelator which can form supramolecular hydrogel with responses not only to light but to ligand-receptor interaction.
Near patient testing in general practice: a review. (1990)

Until recently, technological advances in general practice have generally been thought of as the applications of microcomputers in practice organization and record keeping. Advances in miniaturization and versatility of diagnostic technology will have a similarly large impact on the way general practitioners practice medicine in the next decade. This article reviews some of the newer tests that are already available to general practitioners, particularly in diagnostic biochemistry and microbiology. Preliminary evaluative work and research studies in general practice are also described.
Tip growth model of carbon tubules grown on the glass substrate by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2002)

Morphology of Ni tips and microstructures of carbon tubules were investigated and a growth model for carbon tubules was proposed. Triangular shaped Ni tips and piled-cone structure of carbon tubules were observed at the growth temperature of 500 °C. At the high growth temperature of 620 °C, smoothened edge shaped Ni tips were found and graphite layers became parallel to the growth direction as they were close to the outer wall of carbon tubules. Formation of Ni nuclei for carbon tubule growth was explained by NH3 pre-etching and precipitation of carbon atoms diffused from the surface of the Ni layer. A preferential growth of carbon tubules was observed and explained with the Ni orientation and size effect. A modified tip growth model based on surface diffusion was proposed for the growth mechanism of carbon tubules.
Identification of Ligands with Bicyclic Scaffolds Provides Insights into Mechanisms of Estrogen Receptor Subtype Selectivity (2006)

Estrogen receptors alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) have distinct functions and differential expression in certain tissues. These differences have stimulated the search for subtype-selective ligands. Therapeutically, such ligands offer the potential to target specific tissues or pathways regulated by one receptor subtype without affecting the other. As reagents, they can be utilized to probe the physiological functions of the ER subtypes to provide information complementary to that obtained from knock-out animals. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay was used to screen a 10,000-compound chemical library for ER agonists. From the screen, we identified a family of ERbeta-selective agonists whose members contain bulky oxabicyclic scaffolds in place of the planar scaffolds common to most ER ligands. These agonists are 10-50-fold selective for ERbeta in competitive binding assays and up to 60-fold selective in transactivation assays. The weak uterotrophic activity of these ligands in immature rats and their ability to stimulate expression of an ERbeta regulated gene in human U2OS osteosarcoma cells provides more physiological evidence of their ERbeta-selective nature. To provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of their activity and selectivity, we determined the crystal structures of the ERalpha ligand-binding domain (LBD) and a peptide from the glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) coactivator complexed with the ligands OBCP-3M, OBCP-2M, and OBCP-1M. These structures illustrate how the bicyclic scaffolds of these ligands are accommodated in the flexible ligand-binding pocket of ER. A comparison of these structures with existing ER structures suggests that the ERbeta selectivity of OBCP ligands can be attributed to a combination of their interactions with Met-336 in ERbeta and Met-421 in ERalpha. These bicyclic ligands show promise as lead compounds that can target ERbeta. In addition, our understanding of the molecular determinants of their subtype selectivity provides a useful starting point for developing other ER modulators belonging to this relatively new structural class.
TGF-β and the Tissue Microenvironment: Relevance in Fibrosis and Cancer (2018)

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine essential for the induction of the fibrotic response and for the activation of the cancer stroma. Strong evidence suggests that a strong cross-talk exists among TGF-β and the tissue extracellular matrix components. TGF-β is stored in the matrix as part of a large latent complex bound to the latent TGF-β binding protein (LTBP) and matrix binding of latent TGF-β complexes, which is required for an adequate TGF-β function. Once TGF-β is activated, it regulates extracellular matrix remodelling and promotes a fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, which is essential in fibrotic processes. This cytokine also acts on other cell types present in the fibrotic and tumour microenvironment, such as epithelial, endothelial cells or macrophages and it contributes to the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. Furthermore, TGF-β exerts anti-tumour activity by inhibiting the host tumour immunosurveillance. Aim of this review is to update how TGF-β and the tissue microenvironment cooperate to promote the pleiotropic actions that regulate cell responses of different cell types, essential for the development of fibrosis and tumour progression. We discuss recent evidences suggesting the use of TGF-β chemical inhibitors as a new line of defence against fibrotic disorders or cancer.
User mobility pattern scheme for location update and paging in wireless systems (2002)

The user mobility pattern (UMP) scheme is introduced for location update and paging in wireless systems where mobile terminals (MTs) maintain their history data in a database called user mobility history (UMH). During a location update, a UMP is derived from UMH and registered to the network. Unless the MT detects that it has moved out of the registered UMP, it does not perform any other location update. On the other hand, cells are paged selectively according to the cell entry times in the registered UMP upon a call arrival for the MT. The related data structures and the protocols for the UMP scheme are presented in the paper. The experimental results show that the UMP scheme outperforms the time-based and movement-based location update schemes as well as the blanket, selective, and velocity paging schemes.
Statistical signatures for fast filtering of instruction-substituting metamorphic malware (2007)

Introducing program variations via metamorphic transformations is one of the methods used by malware authors in order to help their programs slip past defenses. A method is presented for rapidly deciding whether or not an input program is likely to be a variant of a given metamorphic program. The method is defined for the prominent class of metamorphic engines that work by probabilistically selecting instruction-substituting program transformations. A model of the probabilistic engine is used to predictthe expected distribution of instruction forms for different generations ofvariants. These predicted distributions form a type of "statistical signature" for the output of the metamorphic engines. A classifier is defined based on distance between the observed and the predicted instruction form distributions. A case study using the W32.Evol virus shows the classifier can distinguish between malicious samples from multiple generations. The classification method may be useful for practical malware detection by serving as an inexpensive filter to avoid more in-depth analyses where they are unnecessary
A two wire power over Ethernet approach for in-vehicle applications (2011)

This paper presents a technology for transmitting power over an unshielded single twisted pair Ethernet data cable for automotive use cases. The BroadR-Reach™ [1] technology, describing a possible physical layer for Ethernet, is used. Because only one twisted pair cable is used, the power transmission is not compliant to the standard IEEE 802.3at [2]. The technology is described on an evaluation system, showing the practicability and limits.
Inelastic properties of magnetorheological composites: I. Fabrication, experimental tests, cyclic shear properties (2007)

In this two-part research project the inelastic properties of a selected group of magnetorheological composites under cyclic shear have been identified. Composites whose matrices were elastic porous structures with pores filled with a magnetorheological fluid were investigated. The composite materials' functional properties are similar to those of magnetorheological fluids. But, as opposed to the fluid alone, the composite's geometry and dimensions can be freely shaped. Owing to this, the costs can be reduced and the applicability can be extended. In the literature on the subject such composites are also referred to as magnetorheological fluid impregnated solids. In the first part of this work an overview of smart magnetic materials is presented. Then the originally fabricated composite, consisting of a matrix and a filling fluid, is described. The test stand, including a system of control, acquisition and processing of measuring (mechanical and magnetic) signals, is presented. The experimentally determined hysteresis loops for cyclic shear are used in the second part of this research project to identify constitutive models.
Workshop on assistive augmentation (2014)

Our senses are the dominant channel for perceiving the world around us, some more central than the others, such as the sense of vision. Whether they have impairments or not, people often find themselves at the edge of sensorial capability and seek assistive or enhancing devices. We wish to put sensorial ability and disability on a continuum of usability for certain technology, rather than treat one or the other extreme as the focus.