gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of Spasticity in Spinal Cord Injury: Nursing Concerns (1988)

Nursing diagnoses are proposed for the management of spasticity in the spinal cord-injured person. The diagnoses, pain and self-care deficit related to spasticity, can guide independent nursing management to reduce nociceptive stimulation and increase self-management of spasticity in spinal cord injury. The Gate Control Theory helps to explain alpha muscle susceptibility to nociceptive stimulation and offers rationale underlying nursing management of spasticity. The Modified Ashworth Scale is used to define, measure and evaluate the effectiveness of management of spasticity. Independent nursing management provides the foundation for spasticity intervention. Other interdisciplinary team interventions, including therapist intervention, pharmacological intervention and invasive procedures supplement the nursing management framework.
A nonlinear capacitance cancellation technique and its application to a CMOS class AB power amplifier (2002)

A nonlinear cancellation technique is developed specifically for MOS class AB power amplifiers. This technique utilizes a PMOS transistor at the amplifier input to cancel the variation of the input capacitance, thus improving the overall amplifier linearity. A monolithic CMOS RF power amplifier with this technique is designed and fabricated in a standard 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The prototype single-stage amplifier has a measured drain efficiency of 40% and a power gain of 7 dB at 1.9 GHz. Linearity measurements show that the new amplifier has over 10 dB of IM/sub 3/ improvement and 6 dB of ACPR improvement compared with the traditional NMOS class AB power amplifier.
Development of Flight Control System and Troubleshooting on Flight Test of a Tilt-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (2016)

The full results of troubleshooting process related to the flight control system of a tilt-rotor type UAV in the flight tests are described. Flight tests were conducted in helicopter, conversion, and airplane modes. The vehicle was flown using automatic functions, which include speed-hold, altitude-hold, heading-hold, guidance modes, as well as automatic take-off and landing. Many unexpected problems occurred during the envelope expansion tests which were mostly under those automatic functions. The anomalies in helicopter mode include vortex ring state (VRS), long delay in the automatic take-off, and the initial overshoot in the automatic landing. In contrast, the anomalies in conversion mode are untrimmed AOS oscillation and the calibration errors of the air data sensors. The problems of low damping in rotor speed and roll rate responses are found in airplane mode. Once all of the known problems had been solved, the vehicle in airplane mode gradually reached the maximum design speed of 440km/h at the operation altitude of 3km. This paper also presents a comprehensive detailing of the control systems of the Tilt-rotor unmanned air vehicle (UAV).
Buffer agents do not reverse intramyocardial acidosis during cardiac resuscitation. (1990)

We investigated the effects of carbon dioxide-producing and carbon dioxide-consuming buffers on intramyocardial pH and on cardiac resuscitability. In 29 pigs, intramyocardial pH was continuously measured with a glass electrode advanced into the midmyocardium of the posterior left ventricle through a diaphragmatic window. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was electrically induced by alternating current applied to the epicardium of the left ventricle. After 3 minutes of VF, precordial compression was begun and continued for an interval of 8 minutes. Sodium bicarbonate (a carbon dioxide-generating buffer), Carbicarb (a carbon dioxide-consuming buffer), and hypertonic sodium chloride (control solution) were infused into the right atrium during cardiac resuscitation. Defibrillation was attempted by transthoracic direct-current shock after 11 minutes of VF. Intramyocardial pH progressively decreased from an average value of 7.26 before VF to 6.87 before infusion of buffers. Systemic circulation and great cardiac vein pH significantly increased after administration of the two buffer agents. However, intramyocardial pH continued to decline to an average of 6.62 after 11 minutes of VF, and this decline was not altered by either buffer solution or by the saline control. As in previous studies, resuscitability was closely related to coronary perfusion pressure at the time of direct-current countershock but not to pH. Accordingly, the rationale of reversing acidosis by the administration of these buffer agents is not supported. Even more important, neither carbon dioxide-consuming nor carbon dioxide-producing buffers altered myocardial acidosis or improved myocardial resuscitability under controlled experimental conditions of cardiac arrest.
High-intensity-focused-ultrasound (HIFU) induced homeostasis and tissue ablation (2003)

At high intensity levels, ultrasound energy focused into remote tissue targets in human body has shown to produce thermal necrosis in circumscribed regions with sub-millimeter accuracy. The non-invasive modality known as HIFU has enormous potential for thermal ablation of cancers/tumors of the human body without any adverse effects in the surrounding normal tissue. In this paper, empirical results for parametric assessment and interdependence of several exposure variables are presented for producing thermal necrosis as well as hemostasis. Multiple HIFU transducers in selective spatial configuration have been deployed using a suitably designed experiemntal harness, with and without motorized jig scanning. The pre-planning and on-line procedure for treatment and specified instrumentation is described. Custom designed 25mm aperture HIFU probes resonating at 2 MHz focused at 64 and 80 mm are used. Results have been obtained in ex-vivo animal tissue and in vitro biological phantoms for hemostasis.
Nutritional Evaluation of Pastures with Dairy Cattle (1962)

Summary Three digestion trials were conducted during the summer months at three different periods of permanent pasture (oats, rye grass, clovers, and volunteer grasses) growth from May through August, 1959. A combination of internal (lignin) and external (Cr 2 O 3 ) indicators was used to determine digestibility and intake of grazed herbage as the only source of forage in the total ration of milking cows. Forage samples were collected regularly throughout the experimental period. Milk weights, pasture scores (quantity and quality), and ambient temperatures were recorded daily. Milk production adjusted for expected decline in lactation was significantly higher (P Regression analyses indicated that pasture quality score was the only significant variable in predicting milk production among the variables studied. Thus, a simple method of pasture evaluation appears to be of benefit in determining when to commence supplemental summer forage feeding to lactating cows grazing permanent pasture as the sole source of forage.
A dynamic operation of a PIN photodiode (2015)

Traditionally, photodiodes operate at static reverse bias, and incident light intensity is obtained from the relatively week photocurrent. In this paper, we introduce a different concept of photodiode function: the photodiode is used in a dynamic regime where it is switched from the reverse to forward state. Thus, the light intensity is defined not by the measured photocurrent but by the delay time of appearance of the strong forward current with the amplitude independent of the light intensity. Our experimental results as well as finite element modeling show that the dynamic mode of photodiode operation can potentially provide an improvement of the device performance.
Bimodal molecular weight distributions of a branched condensation polymer (1982)

Abstract Gel permeation chromatograms of a hindered‐phenolic, branched condensation polymer display pronounced bimodality at high conversion. The true molecular weight distributions, obtained by means of a GPC calibration curve based on narrow‐distribution fractions, exhibit corresponding anomalous high‐molecular‐weight “shoulders.” These results are discussed in terms of preferential aggregation and reaction of the higher‐molecular‐weight species during the polymerization, promoted by intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the apolar reaction medium.
HOXA9 promotes hematopoietic commitment of human embryonic stem cells (2014)

The molecular determinants regulating the specification of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into hematopoietic cells remain elusive. HOXA9 plays a relevant role in leukemogenesis and hematopoiesis. It is highly expressed in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and is downregulated upon differentiation. Hoxa9-deficient mice display impaired hematopoietic development, and deregulation of HOXA9 expression is frequently associated with acute leukemia. Analysis of the genes differentially expressed in cord blood HSPCs vs hESC-derived HSPCs identified HOXA9 as the most downregulated gene in hESC-derived HSPCs, suggesting that expression levels of HOXA9 may be crucial for hematopoietic differentiation of hESC. Here we show that during hematopoietic differentiation of hESCs, HOXA9 expression parallels hematopoietic development, but is restricted to the hemogenic precursors (HEP) (CD31(+)CD34(+)CD45(-)), and diminishes as HEPs differentiate into blood cells (CD45(+)). Different gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies reveal that HOXA9 enhances hematopoietic differentiation of hESCs by specifically promoting the commitment of HEPs into primitive and total CD45(+) blood cells. Gene expression analysis suggests that nuclear factor-κB signaling could be collaborating with HOXA9 to increase hematopoietic commitment. However, HOXA9 on its own is not sufficient to confer in vivo long-term engraftment potential to hESC-hematopoietic derivatives, reinforcing the idea that additional molecular regulators are needed for the generation of definitive in vivo functional HSPCs from hESC.
Micromachined mid-infrared emitter for fast transient temperature operation for optical gas sensing systems (2008)

A novel micromachined thermal emitter for fast transient temperature operation is presented. Most commercial available thermal emitters are not able to operate in a pulsed mode. The spider type hotplate concept promises an excellent mechanical stability together with high thermal decoupling. The thermal emitter is fabricated using silicon on insulator (SOI) technology and KOH-etching. The emitter is heated with a Pt-meander structure and the device is mounted in a TO-5 housing. Different suspensions structures as well as hotplate sizes were realized and mechanical and thermal characterizations were performed. Beside the possibility of pulsed operation, a high thermal emission at wavelengths >5 mum are achieved. Investigations on possible coatings for emissivity enhancement are the focus of the current work.
Taper couplers for GaAs−Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As waveguide layers produced by liquid phase and molecular beam epitaxy (1975)

Growth techniques and passive evaluation of tapered waveguide light couplers produced by LPE and MBE are reported. Coupling efficiencies approaching 100% for the transfer of light from a GaAs layer to a layer of Al0.1Ga0.9As are observed for MBE tapers, and tapers fabricated by LPE allow ∼50% coupling, suitable for use with LPE active devices.
The synergistic effect of thread scheduling and caching in multithreaded computers (2002)

The author investigates combining two techniques-thread scheduling and context switching on cache misses-in a multithreaded computer. By means of a simple simulation model for an eight-stage pipeline, it is demonstrated that these two techniques act together to allow higher overall processor performance with fewer running threads than the number of pipeline stages. Thus, two of the problems with multithreaded machines-a large number of required threads and poor cache performance-are reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Grasp planning in complex scenes (2007)

This paper combines grasp analysis and manipulation planning techniques to perform fast grasp planning in complex scenes. In much previous work on grasping, the object being grasped is assumed to be the only object in the environment. Hence the grasp quality metrics and grasping strategies developed do not perform well when the object is close to obstacles and many good grasps are infeasible. We introduce a framework for finding valid grasps in cluttered environments that combines a grasp quality metric for the object with information about the local environment around the object and information about the robot's kinematics. We encode these factors in a grasp-scoring function which we use to rank a precomputed set of grasps in terms of their appropriateness for a given scene. We show that this ranking is essential for efficient grasp selection and present experiments in simulation and on the HRP2 robot.
An object-oriented framework for rapid client-side integration of information management systems (1999)

Reuse of software components offers the potential for significant savings in application development costs and time. This paper provides a characterization of reuse at different levels of client-based software in distributed document management systems (DMS). An object-oriented framework called JIMA is established as the basis for clients of a wide range of client­-server based DMS. The design of the framework is characterized by multiple architectural layers as well as by a set of standardized interfaces among them. The strict separation of conceptional and implementation level successfully offers the potential of reusing software components within the application domain of DMS. In order to rapidly integrate legacy DM S into JIMA, each component can be adapted and extended separately without interfering with other framework components. Because each user needs a special form of DMS due to individual documents and usage patterns the concept of software bundling at the component level in JIMA is introduced. The JIMA framework can be used via the Internet and as a locally installed standalone application transparently. Several examples of existing commercial DMS at debis Systemhaus Competence Center Document and Workflowmanagement are examined with respect to the framework. The programming language Java is used to implement the object-oriented model.
Identity Management in Knowledge Graphs (2018)

En l'absence d'une autorité de nommage centrale sur le Web de données, il est fréquent que différents graphes de connaissances utilisent des noms (IRIs) différents pour référer à la même entité. Chaque fois que plusieurs noms sont utilisés pour désigner la même entité, les faits owl:sameAs sont nécessaires pour déclarer des liens d’identité et améliorer l’exploitation des données disponibles. De telles déclarations d'identité ont une sémantique logique stricte, indiquant que chaque propriété affirmée à un nom sera également déduite à l'autre et vice versa. Bien que ces inférences puissent être extrêmement utiles pour améliorer les systèmes fondés sur les connaissances tels que les moteurs de recherche et les systèmes de recommandation, l'utilisation incorrecte de l'identité peut avoir des effets négatifs importants dans un espace de connaissances global comme le Web de données. En effet, plusieurs études ont montré que owl:sameAs est parfois incorrectement utilisé sur le Web des données. Cette thèse étudie le problème de liens d’identité erronés ou inappropriés qui sont exprimés par des liens owl:sameAs et propose des solutions différentes mais complémentaires. Premièrement, elle présente une ressource contenant la plus grande collection de liens d’identité collectés du LOD Cloud, avec un service Web à partir duquel les données et leur clôture transitive peuvent être interrogées. Une telle ressource a à la fois des impacts pratiques (elle aide les utilisateurs à trouver différents noms pour la même entité), ainsi qu'une valeur analytique (elle révèle des aspects importants de la connectivité du LOD Cloud). En outre, en s’appuyant sur cette collection de 558 millions liens d’identité, nous montrons comment des mesures de réseau telles que la structure de communauté du réseau owl:sameAs peuvent être utilisées afin de détecter des liens d’identité éventuellement erronées. Pour cela, nous attribuons un degré d'erreur pour chaque lien owl:sameAs en fonction de la densité de la ou des communautés dans lesquelles elles se produisent et de leurs caractéristiques symétriques. L'un des avantages de cette approche est qu'elle ne repose sur aucune connaissance supplémentaire. Finalement, afin de limiter l'utilisation excessive et incorrecte du owl:sameAs, nous définissons une nouvelle relation pour représenter l'identité de deux instances d’une classe dans un contexte spécifique (une sous-partie de l’ontologie). Cette relation d'identité s'accompagne d'une approche permettant de détecter automatiquement ces liens, avec la possibilité d'utiliser certaines contraintes expertes pour filtrer des contextes non pertinents. La détection et l’exploitation des liens d’identité contextuels détectés sont effectuées sur deux graphes de connaissances pour les sciences de la vie, construits en collaboration avec des experts du domaine de l’institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA).
[Growth inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa in packed-bed discharge plasma Reactor]. (2008)

The paper discussed the effect of the gas flow rate and the addition of glass pellets dielectric on the growth inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the effect of energy input and pH on the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa and the effect of packed-bed reactor on the algal Chl-a and cell density. The results show that the increasing of the gas flow rate and the addition of glass pellets dielectric enhance the effect of the discharge plasma reactor on the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa immediately after discharge, but the effect is unobvious. The algal optical density slightly increases and then markedly decreases during the incubation period, e.g., the removal efficiency of the algal optical density is high to 87.3% at the end of the fifth day at an air flow rate of 0.75 m3/h after 40 min treatment in the packed-bed discharge plasma reactor. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is enhanced by the increase in the gas flow rate and the addition of glass pellets dielectric into the discharge plasma reactor, too, especially the concentration of hydrogen peroxide enhanced from 4.6 micromol/L to 38.3 micromol/L by the addition of glass pellets dielectric, which will enhance the destructive effect of hydrogen peroxide on the algae during the incubation period. The effect of the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa is obvious with the increasing in the energy input into the packed-bed discharge plasma reactor. The effect of the alkaline solution on the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa is more higher than that of the acidic solution, and the value of pH is increased under the acidic condition and decreased under the alkaline condition, but the tread of pH is to be neutral during the incubation period. The decrease of the content of Chl-a and cell density is marked in this reactor, and at the end of the fifth day, the removal efficiencies of Chl-a and cell density are high to 100%.
Theory of photon bands in three-dimensional periodic dielectric structures (1990)

Recent experiments have found the existence of ``photon bands'' in periodic dielectric structures analogous to the electron bands in the solid. Using a plane-waves method, we study in the scalar-wave approximation the nature of the photon bands in structures where spherical ``atoms'' of dielectric constant ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathit{a}}$ are periodically arranged in a background dielectric ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathit{b}}$. The scalar-wave calculation predicts gaps in the spectrum for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathit{a}}$/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathit{b}}$ or ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathit{b}}$/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathit{a}}$\ensuremath{\gtrsim}3 or so. The nature and symmetry of the wave functions is also discussed.
Head-related transfer function modeling in 3-D sound systems with genetic algorithms (2002)

Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) describe the spectral filtering that occurs between a source sound and the listener's eardrum. Since HRTFs vary as a function of the relative source location and subject, practical implementation of 3D audio must take into account a large set of HRTFs for different azimuths and elevations. Previous work has proposed several HRTF models for data reduction. This paper describes our work in applying genetic algorithms to find a set of HRTF basis spectra, and the normal equation method to compute the optimal combination of linear weights to represent the individual HRTFs at different azimuths and elevations. The genetic algorithm selects the basis spectra from the set of original HRTF amplitude responses, using an average relative spectral error as the fitness function. Encouraging results from the experiments suggest that genetic algorithms provide an effective approach to this data reduction problem.
Cardiac-restricted overexpression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer causes myocardial remodeling and dysfunction in aging mice (2008)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a pivotal role in adverse left ventricular (LV) myocardial remodeling. The transmembrane protein extracellular MMP inducer (EMMPRIN) causes increased MMP expression in vitro, and elevated levels occur in patients with LV failure. However, the direct consequences of a prolonged increase in the myocardial expression of EMMPRIN in vivo remained unexplored. Cardiac-restricted EMMPRIN expression (EMMPRINexp) was constructed in mice using the full-length human EMMPRIN gene ligated to the myosin heavy chain promoter, which yielded approximately a twofold increase in EMMPRIN compared with that of the age/strain-matched wild-type (WT) mice; EMMPRINexp (n=27) and WT (n=33) mice were examined at 3.2+/-0.1 or at 13.3+/-0.5 mo of age (n=43 and 26, respectively). LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) was similar in young EMMPRINexp and WT mice (54+/-2 vs. 57+/-3 microl), but LV ejection fraction (EF) was reduced (51+/-1 vs. 57+/-1%; P<0.05). In old EMMPRINexp mice, LV EDV was increased compared with WT mice values (76+/-3 vs. 58+/-3 microl; P<0.05) and LV EF was significantly reduced (45+/-1 vs. 57+/-2%; P<0.05). In EMMPRINexp old mice, myocardial MMP-2 and membrane type-1 MMP levels were increased by >50% from WT values (P<0.05) and were accompanied by a twofold higher collagen content (P<0.05). Persistent myocardial EMMPRINexp in aging mice caused increased levels of both soluble and membrane type MMPs, fibrosis, and was associated with adverse LV remodeling. These findings suggest that EMMPRIN is an upstream signaling pathway that can play a mechanistic role in adverse remodeling within the myocardium.
Tocopherol content of Japanese algae and its seasonal variation. (1987)

The tocopherol content of twelve species of Japanese algae were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Phaeophyta showed higher total tocopherol content than Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta. In five species of algae, α-tocopherol was the principal (> 90%) type of tocopherol. Other species contained about 10-50% of non-α-tocopherols. Three species contained relatively high percentages (>5%) of β-tocopherol, although no evidence was previously reported for the presence of β-tocopherol in algae. Analipus japonicus and Pelvetia wrightii contained approximately equal amounts of δ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol. The total tocopherol contents of Hizikia fusiforme and A. japonicus increased seasonally with the growth of their thalluses. These seasonal increases were associated wiht the photosynthetic activities of these algae. In the period of maturation, the total tocopherol content of A. japonicus increased rapidly. This was caused by an increase in the δ-tocopherol content.