gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-terminal vertical memory cell for cross-point static random access memory applications (2014)

In this work, the authors propose a 4F2 (F is the length of half pitch) memory cell with a vertical PNPN structure (silicon device with 4 layers doped with p-type, n-type, p-type and n-type dopants, respectively) to increase static random access memory (SRAM) integration density compared to the traditional 6T SRAM cell with an area of 90 ∼ 150F2. Thanks to the simple two-terminal configuration, the cross-point structure with proposed cell can be used in memory design, to achieve the highest density in planar complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and to be implemented potentially in future three-dimensional integration. Experimental results demonstrate that the fabrication of proposed memory cell is compatible with CMOS process, little impact by process variation and reliability issues. Calibrated simulations display that the proposed cell can be programmed at nanosecond level speed with acceptable power consumption in most memory applications.
P31 CAPACITY AND DEMAND IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE: HOW DIFFICULT CAN IT BE? (2005)

Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals Trust, UK Abstracts of the spring 2005 meeting of the British Nuclear Medicine Society Manchester International Convention Centre, UK; 14–16 March, 2005
Simultaneous Task Allocation and Planning (2017)

When planning behaviors for a multi-robot system based on a Temporal Logic specification of the mission, not only actions need to be planned, but also allocation of parts of the mission needs to be considered. Classically, this is seen as two independent problems. However, utilizing the interplay of allocation and planning bears the potential of improving the efficiency to find an optimal solution.
Organosilane self‐assembled monolayers formed at the vapour/solid interface (2002)

Abstract Self‐assembly of organosilane molecules at the vapour/solid interface under atmospheric pressure conditions was explored in order to form a monolayer on oxide‐covered silicon substrates. Three types of precursors were employed: n ‐octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODS: H 3 C(CH 2 ) 17 Si(OCH 3 ) 3 ), n ‐(6‐aminohexyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AHAPS: H 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 NH(CH 2 ) 3 Si(OCH 3 ) 3 ) and fluoroalkylsilane (FAS: heptadecafluoro‐1,1,2,2‐tetrahydro‐decyl‐1‐trimethoxysilane, F 3 C(CF 2 ) 7 (CH 2 ) 2 Si(OCH 3 ) 3 ). Characteristics of these self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed at a temperature of 100–150°C were studied based on ellipsometry and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chemical properties of the monolayers were characterized further by water contact angle and ζ‐potential measurements. The SAMs formed from ODS and FAS were hydrophobic so as to show water contact angles of >100°, whereas that of the SAM formed from AHAPS was ∼60°. ζ‐potentials and isoelectric points (IEPs) of SiO 2 substrates covered with each of the SAMs were measured and compared with a naked SiO 2 substrate. The IEPs of the SiO 2 substrate covered with the ODS‐ or FAS‐SAM was pH 3.5–4.0, which was almost the same as those of polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene plates, whereas that of the naked SiO 2 substrate was pH ∼2.0, as predicted from results on silica particles. In the case of the AHAPS‐SAM, its surface was positively charged under acidic conditions due to protonation of surface amino groups. Consequently, the AHAPS‐SAM‐covered substrate showed an IEP of pH 7.5–8.0. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antigenicity of <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i> Histone H1 during Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Localization of Antigenic Determinants (2002)

The humoral immune response against Leishmania braziliensis histone H1 by patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis is described. For this purpose, the protein was purified as a recombinant protein in a prokaryotic expression system and was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a collection of sera from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease. The assays showed that L. braziliensis histone H1 was recognized by 66% of the serum samples from patients with leishmaniasis and by 40% of the serum samples from patients with Chagas' disease, indicating that it acts as an immunogen during cutaneous leishmaniasis. In order to locate the linear antigenic determinants of this protein, a collection of synthetic peptides covering the L. braziliensis histone H1sequence was tested by ELISA. The experiments showed that the main antigenic determinant is located in the central region of this protein. Our results show that the recombinant L. braziliensis histone H1 is recognized by a significant percentage of serum samples from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, but use of this protein as a tool for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis is hampered by the cross-reaction with sera from patients with Chagas' disease.
A Molecular Model of Proteoglycan-Associated Electrostatic Forces in Cartilage Mechanics (1995)

Measured values of the swelling pressure of charged proteoglycans (PG) in solution (Williams RPW, and Comper WD; Biophysical Chemistry 36:223, 1990) and the ionic strength dependence of the equilibrium modulus of PG-rich articular cartilage (Eisenberg SR, and Grodzinsky AJ; J Orthop Res 3: 148, 1985) are compared to the predictions of two models. Each model is a representation of electrostatic forces arising from charge present on spatially fixed macromolecules and spatially mobile micro-ions. The first is a macroscopic continuum model based on Donnan equilibrium that includes no molecular-level structure and assumes that the electrical potential is spatially invariant within the polyelectrolyte medium (i.e. zero electric field). The second model is based on a microstructural, molecular-level solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation within a unit cell containing a charged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) molecule and its surrounding atmosphere of mobile ions. This latter approach accounts for the space-varying electrical potential and electrical field between the GAG constituents of the PG. In computations involving no adjustable parameters, the PB-cell model agrees with the measured pressure of PG solutions to within experimental error (10%), whereas the ideal Donnan model overestimates the pressure by up to 3-fold. In computations involving one adjustable parameter for each model, the PB-cell model predicts the ionic strength dependence of the equilibrium modulus of articular cartilage. Near physiological ionic strength, the Donnan model overpredicts the modulus data by 2-fold, but the two models coincide for low ionic strengths (C0 < 0.025M) where the spatially invariant Donnan potential is a closer approximation to the PB potential distribution. The PB-cell model result indicates that electrostatic forces between adjacent GAGs predominate in determining the swelling pressure of PG in the concentration range found in articular cartilage (20-80 mg/ml). The PB-cell model is also consistent with data (Eisenberg and Grodzinsky, 1985, Lai WM, Hou JS, and Mow VC; J Biomech Eng 113: 245, 1991) showing that these electrostatic forces account for approximately 1/2 (290kPa) the equilibrium modulus of cartilage at physiological ionic strength while absolute swelling pressures may be as low as approximately 25-100kPa. This important property of electrostatic repulsion between GAGs that are highly charged but spaced a few Debye lengths apart allows cartilage to resist compression (high modulus) without generating excessive intratissue swelling pressures.
1000-Stunden Innovationscamp Palomar5: Millennials bauen ihre Arbeitswelt von morgen (2011)

Der Beitrag beleuchtet Motiv, Planung, Durchführung und Ergebnis des 2009 in Partnerschaft mit der Deutschen Telekom AG durchgeführten Innovationscamps Palomar5. Die Berliner Autoren, selbst Mitorganisatoren und »Mitbewohner« des sechs-wöchigen Experimentallabors, geben exemplarisch Einblick in die außergewöhnliche Lebens- und Arbeitswelt, in der 30 weltweit rekrutierte Millennials gemeinsam Konzepte und Prototypen zum Thema »Zukunft der Arbeit« entwickelten. Ein Fokus des Artikels liegt auf der Frage, welche Schlussfolgerungen sich aus dem Camp für Unternehmen – insbesondere für HRManager – ableiten lassen.
Restoring Superhydrophobicity of Lotus Leaves with Vibration-Induced Dewetting (2009)

A lotus leaf retains water repellency after repeated condensation in nature but becomes sticky to water drops after condensation on a fixed cold plate. Our experiments show that mechanical vibration can be used to overcome the energy barrier for transition from the sticky Wenzel state to the nonsticking Cassie state, and the threshold for the dewetting transition follows a scaling law comparing the kinetic energy imparted to the drop with the work of adhesion. The vibration-induced Wenzel to Cassie transition can be used to achieve antidew superhydrophobicity.
Fabrication of macroporous silicon carbide ceramics by intramolecular carbothermal reduction of phenyl-bridged polysilsesquioxane (2009)

Macroporous SiC ceramics were obtained from porous phenyl-bridged polysilsesquioxane prepared by a sol–gel method accompanied by spinodal decomposition subsequently subjected to intramolecular carbothermal reduction. By this method, we can obtain macroporous SiC ceramics with improved atomic-level homogeneity and controlled pore size more easily than by intermolecular carbothermal reduction using a mixture of SiO2 and carbon powder. Therefore, the resultant SiC ceramics have sufficiently high purity without washing with hydrofluoric acid to remove residual SiO2.
PRIMER CURSO INTERNACIONAL DE CIRUGIA MAXILOFACIAL (1981)

ORGANIZADO POR LA UNAM Y FERROCARRILES NACIONALES DE MEXICO Y DEL PACIFICO A TRAVES DEL HOSPITAL COLONIA, SE REALIZO EL PRIMER CURSO INTERNACIONAL DE CIRUGIA MAXILOFACIAL EN LA CLINICA PERIFERICA CONTRERAS DE LA FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGIA. CON LA PARTICIPACION DE ESPECIALISTAS NACIONALES Y EXTRANJEROS SE ABORDARON TEMAS COMO ANESTESIA GENERAL EN CIRUGIA MAXILOFACIAL, DIAGNOSTICO, TRAUMATOLOGIA FACIAL, MALFORMACIONES CONGENITAS, CIRUGIA ORTOGNATICA Y OSTEOTOMIAS, ENTRE OTROS.
18.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Oxide TFT Driving Transparent AMOLED (2010)

Abstract We have fabricated 3.2″ QVGA transparent AMOLED by integrating photostable top gate IGZO TFT array and highly transparent OLED. The photostability of oxide TFT was investigated under constant gate bias and constant current CC stress to explore the possibility of OLED application. After 40 hours CC stress of 10 μA with halogen lamp illumination, the ΔV th was just − 0.22 V while that obtained under dark was + 0.1 V. with newly designed OLED cathode and transparent getter we increase OLED transmittance up to 80% with keeping resistance of cathode at 6 Ω;/□. Outdoor stability of OLED and oxide TFT make transparent AMOLED viable in the real market.
Glutamine synthetase and glutamate metabolism in the guinea pig cochlea (1996)

Glutamate is thought to act as a neurotransmitter of the sensory hair cells of the organ of Corti. Glutamine synthetase could be involved in a type of glutamate-glutamine cycle in the cochlea which could clear glutamate off the synaptic cleft and replenish the hair cell glutamate neurotransmitter store. Using both light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry to localize this enzyme in the guinea pig cochlea, we have observed immunoreactive satellite glial cells surrounding parvalbumin-immunoreactive primary auditory neurons in the spiral ganglion. Glutamine synthetase was also detected in Schwann cells of the osseous spiral lamina which form the myelin sheath of nerve fibers. On the contrary, no immunoreactivity could be observed in the cochlear nerve and in the organ of Corti, although this organ contains structures able to take up glutamate. Although they confirm earlier works involving glutamine synthetase in the conversion of L-[3H]glutamate taken up by glial cells, our results suggest that the cochlear glutamate-glutamine cycle is not primarily involved in the recycling and replenishment of hair cell neurotransmitter glutamate. Alternatively, it is proposed that glutamine synthetase functions to limit the perilymphatic glutamate concentrations.
Rapid acinar to ductal transdifferentiation in cultured human exocrine pancreas (1992)

Experiments have been performed to define conditions for the primary culture of human exocrine pancreas, as a first step towards molecular reconstruction experiments of pancreatic neoplasia. Normal human exocrine pancreas was digested using collagenase and dispase and the resulting cellular aggregates were cultured in vitro. The phenotype of the digested pancreatic cells was almost exclusively acinar (amylase-positive, keratin 19 and mucin antigens-negative), yet within 4 days of culture the cells had taken on a ductal phenotype (amylase-negative, keratin 19 and mucin antigens-positive). The kinetics of these observations exclude the possibility of overgrowth of the acinar population by a ductal sub-population, and selective adherence is excluded by examination of those cells that do not adhere, which are representative of the initiating population. We interpret these data as indicating that, under the conditions of culture, the acinar cell phenotype is not stable and can transdifferentiate to a ductal phenotype. Taken together with recent data from transgenic animals, this in vitro observation has possible implications for our view of the pathogenesis of pancreatic neoplasia.
Proximity recording-the concept of self-adjusting fly heights (1997)

The working behavior of "proximity recording" heads is described in terms of physical changes which occur at the interface. The concept of in-situ adjustment of fly height is described and verified with both acoustic and component characterization techniques. We then contrast successfully versus unsuccessfully designed proximity interfaces, and illustrate two failure mechanisms associated with proximity recording. An adequate understanding and control of these behaviors is shown to be critical for achieving a successful proximity design. We close with comments regarding several generalized design constraints.
Design of a DC-to-90-GHz resistive load (1999)

A resistive load with greater than 30 dB return loss for a frequency band of DC to 90 GHz is presented. Frequency dependence of the load impedance is removed by cancellation of the imaginary components of the impedance. Optimization of the load is achieved using commercial EM-based optimizers. Measurements, using a modified multiline TRL calibration, show an excellent match with EM simulations.
Stereochemistry of methylation in thienamycin biosynthesis: example of a methyl transfer from methionine with retention of configuration (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of methylation in thienamycin biosynthesis: example of a methyl transfer from methionine with retention of configurationDavid R. Houck, Koji. Kobayashi, Joanne M. Williamson, and Heinz G. FlossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 17, 5365–5366Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00277a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00277a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Particle Dispersion and Separation Resolution of Pinched Flow Fractionation (2008)

This paper investigates a hydrodynamic particle separation technique that employs pinching of particles to a narrow microchannel. The particles are subject to a sudden expansion which results in a size-based particle separation transverse to the flow direction. The separation resolution and particle dispersion are measured using epifluorescence microscopy. The resolution and dispersion are predicted using a compact theoretical model. Devices are fabricated using conventional soft lithography of polydimethylsiloxane. The results show that the separation resolution is a function of the microchannel aspect ratio, particle size difference, and the microchannel sidewall roughness. A separation resolution as large as 3.8 is obtained in this work. This work shows that particles with diameters on the order of the sidewall roughness cannot be separated using pinched flow fractionation.
A differential approach to graphical interaction (1994)

Direct manipulation has become the preferred interface for controlling graphical objects. Despite its success, the ad hoc manner with which such interfaces have been designed and implemented restricts the types of interactive controls. This dissertation presents a new approach that provides a systematic method for implementing flexible, combinable interactive controls. This differential approach to graphical interaction uses constrained optimization to couple user controls to graphical objects in a manner that permits a variety of controls to be freely combined. The differential approach provides a new set of abstractions that enable new types of interaction techniques and new ways of modularizing applications.
The differential approach views graphical object manipulation as an equation solving problem: Given the desired values for the user specified controls, find a configuration of the graphical objects that meet these constraints. To solve these equations in a sufficiently general manner, the differential approach controls the motion of the objects over time. At any instant in time, controls specify desired rates of change that form linear constraints on the time derivatives of the parameters. An optimization objective selects a particular value when these constraints do not determine a unique solution. The differential approach solves these constrained optimization problems to compute the derivatives of the parameters. An ordinary differential equation solver uses these rates to compute object motions.
This thesis addresses the issues in using numerical techniques to provide interactive control of graphical objects. Techniques are presented to solve the constrained optimization problems efficiently and to dynamically define equations in response to system events. The thesis introduces an architecture, called Snap-Together Mathematics, that encapsulates these numerical needs. A graphics toolkit, constructed with Snap-Together Mathematics, provides the features of the differential approach yet hides the underlying machinery from the applications programmer.
The thesis demonstrates the differential approach by applying it to a variety of interaction problems, including manipulation of 2D and 3D objects, lighting, and camera control. Demonstrated interaction techniques include novel methods for some specific interaction tasks. A number of prototype applications, including 3D object construction and mechanisms sketching, demonstrate the tools and the approach.
Destruction of the arrector pili muscle and fat infiltration in androgenic alopecia (2014)

APM degeneration and replacement with fat in AGA has not previously been described. The underlying mechanism remains to be determined. However, we speculate that this phenomenon might be related to depletion of stem or progenitor cells from the follicle mesenchyme, explaining why AGA is treatment resistant.
Highly anisotropic conductivity in organosiloxane liquid crystals (2006)

In this paper, we present the conductivity and dielectric characterization of three homologous series of smectic A siloxane containing liquid crystals. The materials studied include one monomesogenic series, which consists of a 4-(ω-alkyloxy)-4′-cyanobiphenyl unit terminated by pentamethyldisiloxane, and two bimesogenic series, which consist of twin 4-(ω-alkyloxy)-4′-cyanobiphenyls joined via tetramethyldisiloxane or decamethylpentasiloxane. All of the compounds exhibit wide temperature range enantiotropic smectic A phases; the effect of the siloxane moiety is to suppress nematic morphology even in the short chain homologs. We find that these compounds exhibit a highly anisotropic conductivity: the value perpendicular to the director is to up to 200 times that parallel to the director. For the nonsiloxane analog 4-(ω-octyl)-4′-cyanobiphenyl (8CB), this value is approximately 2. It is also found that the dielectric anisotropy is reduced significantly; a typical value is ∼1 compared to 8.4 for 8CB. We propose that the origin of these unusual properties is in the smectic structure; the microphase separation of the bulky, globular siloxane moieties into liquidlike regions severely inhibits the mobility parallel to the director and across the smectic layers. Further, the inclusion of this unit acts to increase the antiparallel correlations of molecular dipoles in the aromatic and alkyloxy sublayers, reducing the dielectric anisotropy significantly compared to nonsiloxane analogs. The highly anisotropic conductivity suggests that these materials are particularly suitable for application in electro-optic effects which exploit this property, e.g., the bistable electro-optic effect in smectic A liquid crystals.
Visualizing G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signalsomes Using Confocal Immunofluorescence Microscopy (2011)

The heptahelical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) receive and transmit a wide range of extracellular stimuli and induce a wide array of cellular responses by activating signaling kinases. It has become increasingly evident that the agonist-stimulated GPCR complexed with the adaptor protein, β-arrestin, serves as a focal point to recruit, activate, and target kinases to discrete subcellular compartments. This chapter describes a protocol to visualize the changes in the subcellular distribution of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) when induced by the angiotensin II type 1a receptor.
Influence of Trans Fatty Acids on Health (2003)

The contribution of dietary trans fatty acids (TFAs) on the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) has recently gained further support due to the results from large, prospective, population-based studies. Compared to saturated fat, TFAs are, gram to gram, associated with a considerably (2.5- to >10-fold) higher risk increment for IHD. A negative effect on the human fetus and on newborns and an increase in colon cancer risk in adults are possible but, however, still equivocal. Recent findings justify further studies concerning the effect of TFAs on allergic diseases in children and on the risk of type-2 diabetes in adults. The intake of industrially produced TFAs in European countries is decreasing. However, determination of the TFA content in various popular food items collected in Danish shops showed that it is likely that persons with a frequent intake of, e.g., French fries, microwave oven popcorn, chocolate bars, fast food, etc., consume industrially produced TFAs in amounts far exceeding the average intake, and are thereby exposed to an unnecessary health risk. The Danish government has decided that oils and fats containing more than 2% industrially produced TFAs will not be sold in Denmark after the January 1, 2004.