gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue temperature profile in the human forearm during thermal stress at thermal stability (1991)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a range of water temperatures (Tw from 15 to 36 degrees C) on the tissue temperature profile of the resting human forearm at thermal stability. Tissue temperature (Tti) was continuously monitored by a calibrated multicouple probe during 3 h of immersion of the forearm. The probe was implanted approximately 9 cm distal from the olecranon process along the ulnar ridge. Tti was measured every 5 mm, from the longitudinal axis of the forearm (determined from computed tomography scanning) to the skin surface. Along with Tti, skin temperature (Tsk), rectal temperature (Tre), and blood flow were measured during the immersions. For all temperature conditions, the temperature profile inside the limb was linear as a function of the radial distance from the forearm axis (P less than 0.001). Temperature gradient measured in the forearm ranged from 0.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C C cm (Tw = 36 degrees C) to 2.3 +/- 0.5 degrees C cm (Tw = 15 degrees C). The maximal Tti was measured in all cases at the longitudinal axis of the forearm and was in all experimental conditions lower than Tre. On immersion at Tw less than 36 degrees C, the whole forearm can be considered to be part of the shell of the body. With these experimental data, mathematical equations were developed to predict, with an accuracy of at least 0.6 degrees C, the Tti at any depth inside the forearm at steady state during thermal stress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
GLORIA: the second decade (1989)

Report of a meeting jointly sponsored by the Marine Studies Group of the Geological Society and the Challenger Society for Marine Science held at Burlington House on 1 February 1989. T. J. G. Francis, the convenor, opened the meeting by briefly summarizing the development of the GLORIA (Geological Long Range Inclined Asdic) long range sidescan sonar at the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences since the mid-nineteen sixties. GLORIA has established itself in the nineteen eighties as the ideal tool for surveying Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs). GLORIA surveys were carried out for 241 days in 1988 from two different ships, 140 of which were spent surveying the United States EEZ with the U.S. Geological Survey. By the end of 1988, some 13 million km 2 of ocean floor has been surveyed, which is about 4% of the ocean deeper than 200m. The scale of USGS activity with GLORIA was equivalent to all UK deep Ocean geology and geophysics. R. C. Searle (IOSDL, Wormley) spoke on the contribution of GLORIA to understanding mid-oceanic ridge tectonics. After reviewing a wide range of observations from the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, he reported the results of the recent survey of the whole of the Easter Microplate camed out from RRS Charles Darwin last November. This revealed for the first time the complex plate boundaries, spreading fabric and associated propagating rifts and transform faults of the whole of this unusual feature. D. Twichell (USGS, Woods Hole) spoke about the integration of digital bathymetry (SEABEAM) and sidescan (GLORIA) data with particular reference to the Gulf of Mexico. Gridding of the two data sets was done on the USGS Mini Image Processing System (MIPS). Since the sidescan backscatter
Payload maximization for open chained manipulators: finding weightlifting motions for a Puma 762 robot (2001)

Although the dynamic equations of motion of open-chained robot systems are well known, they are seldom taken into account during the planning of motions. In this work, we show that the dynamics of a robot can be used to produce motions that extend the payload capability beyond the limit set by traditional methods. In particular, we develop a point-to-point weightlifting motion planner for open-chained robots. The governing optimal control problem is converted into a direct, SQP parameter optimization in which the gradient is determined analytically. The joint trajectories are defined by B-spline polynomials along with a time-scale factor. The algorithm is applied to a Puma 762 robot, with its physical limitations incorporated into the formulation. The torque limits are formulated as soft constraints added into the objective function while the position and velocity limits are formulated as hard, linear inequality constraints, on the parameters. The solutions obtained with our algorithm extend the robot's payload capability while reducing the joint torques. Interestingly, nearly all the trajectories found pass through singular configurations, where large internal forces from the robot are applied to the payload and little torque is needed from the motors.
Implementation of 324Mbps WLAN equipment with MAC frame aggregation for high MAC-SAP throughput (2006)

We developed a high speed wireless LAN prototype in the 5GHz band that is backward compatible with legacy IEEE802.11a. The developed WLAN equipment has a data rate of 324Mbit/sec using 6 PHY transmission channels of 802.11a. We propose frame aggregation to improve MAC efficiency. The proposed frame aggregation features an adaptive aggregation size selection depending on wireless channel conditions and application requirements. The optimal frame aggregation size for the PHY data rate is evaluated by using computer simulation. MAC throughput as a function of aggregation size was simulated and measured. We find that high throughput of more than 170Mbit/sec was achieved using the proposed frame aggregation.
Additive interactions in the stabilization of film grade high‐density polyethylene. Part II: Stabilization during long‐term service (2002)

Abstract In the second part of this study, the performance of phenol/phosphite/zinc stearate packages and the contribution of each additive to the long‐term thermal stabilization and photostabilization were evaluated in high‐density polyethylene produced by using Phillips catalyst technology. Infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and yellowness index measurements were used to establish the performance of the different additive packages. The HPLC analysis of dichloromethane extracts of the polymer was carried out after melt processing in order to determine the amount of phenolic antioxidant remaining in the samples. The long‐term thermal stabilization was dependent only upon the phenolic antioxidant concentration, whereas both phenolic antioxidants and phosphites contributed directly to photostabilization. Zinc stearate did not show any significant influence on the stabilization under either thermooxidative or photooxidative conditions.
Characterization of a partial cDNA clone for the NILE glycoprotein and identification of the encoded polypeptide domain (1989)

A partial cDNA clone [2.4 kilobase (kb)] for the nerve growth factor-inducible large external (NILE) glycoprotein was selected from a lambda gt11 expression library constructed using mRNA from PC 12 cells. A 0.2 kb subclone (pNILE-1B) was used for Northern blot analysis of NILE message present in 2 NILE-positive neuronal cell lines and 2 NILE-negative glial cell lines. pNILE-1B hybridizes with components of 6.8 and 2.0 kb in the 2 neuronal cell lines but fails to show hybridization with any components in the 2 glial cell lines. Only the 6.8 kb species would be large enough to code for the NILE polypeptide. A rabbit antiserum was prepared against the NILE-beta-galactosidase fusion protein produced by the NILE clone. This antiserum (anti-NILE-beta-gal) immunoprecipitates NILE glycoprotein from neuronal cell lines, further confirming the authenticity of the NILE cDNA clone. The epitope recognized by anti-NILE-beta-gal is contained in an 85 kDa tryptic fragment from the phosphorylated carboxy terminus of NILE. The 160 kDa tryptic fragment containing the amino terminus is not recognized by anti-NILE-beta-gal. Both immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments indicate that the anti-NILE-beta-gal epitope is not exposed on the cell surface but is accessible only after cells are treated with detergent. The cytoplasmic nature of the determinant is also indicated by its absence on a truncated, soluble form of NILE released from cells (possibly by a proteolytic mechanism) into the medium. This released NILE is 15-20 kDa smaller than the detergent-extracted NILE and, in addition to lacking the anti-NILE-beta-gal epitope, does not contain the cytoplasmic site(s) of phosphorylation. Nucleotide sequencing of the pNILE-1B subclone confirms the location of the anti-NILE-beta-gal epitope in the cytoplasmic domain. The clone contains an open reading frame coding for a 79 amino acid segment of the polypeptide that differs in only 2 residues from the cytoplasmic domain of the L1 glycoprotein.
Incidence of sperm chromosomal abnormalities in a risk population: relationship with sperm quality and ICSI outcome (2001)

Patients with a clinical background of recurrent miscarriages of unknown aetiology or implantation failure after ICSI are at risk of showing sperm chromosomal abnormalities, the incidence of which is higher in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patients.
Optometry and Vision Science: The 2010 Horizon (2009)

We begin another promising year for the journal with two feature issues planned and a growing readership and authorship. Our experience with our Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins publisher's new platform bodes well for an even more interesting application this year. We start the year by thanking two superb Editorial Board members whose term-limited appointment have, unfortunately, come to an end; they are precluded by Academy policy from extending to a third term. I am tremendously grateful to both Loretta Szczotka-Flynn, OD, PhD, FAAO, and Bernie Dolan, OD, FAAO, for their 6 years of exhaustive service to Optometry and Vision Science (OVS) as Editors and Editorial Board members. It is hard for authors, readers, and reviewers to fully appreciate the commitment and long hours that these colleagues gave to OVS. I now welcome two new members to the Editorial Board. Leo Carney, OD, PhD, FAAO, has an envious record of leadership in research and education in the area of cornea and contact lenses and has been providing considerable editorial support as a Guest Topical Editor for almost a year. Chris Johnson, PhD, FAAO, has been and remains an international leader in visual fields and glaucoma research, as well as in occupational vision function research issues. Both have had previous appointments to the OVS Editorial Board. We welcome them back and appreciate their willingness to serve in these critical roles for the journal! We also begin the year with a Guest Editorial message and greeting from our Academy of Optometry President, Mark W. Eger, OD, FAAO. Anthony J. Adams Editor-in-Chief Berkeley, California
Bio-inspired, efficient, artificial lung employing air as the ventilating gas (2011)

Artificial lungs have recently been utilized to rehabilitate patients suffering from lung diseases. However, significant advances in gas exchange, biocompatibility, and portability are required to realize their full clinical potential. Here, we have focused on the issues of gas exchange and portability and report a small-scale, microfabricated artificial lung that uses new mathematical modeling and a bio-inspired design to achieve oxygen exchange efficiencies much larger than current devices, thereby enabling air to be utilized as the ventilating gas. This advancement eliminates the need for pure oxygen required by conventional artificial lung systems and is achieved through a device with feature sizes and structure similar to that in the natural lung. This advancement represents a significant step towards creating the first truly portable and implantable artificial lung systems for the ambulatory care of patients suffering from lung diseases.
ABSTANDSRADAR GEGEN AUFFAHRUNFAELLE (1977)

ES WIRD EIN RADAR-ABSTANDSWARNSYSTEM (RAS) FUER KFZ GESCHILDERT, DAS MIT DEM FREQUENZMODULIERTEN DAUER-VERFAHREN (FM/ZW) ARBEITET. DIESES VERFAHREN ZEICHNET SICH AUS DURCH GUTE MEHRZIELFAEHIGKEIT, HOHE MESSGENAUIGKEIT UND KURZE SYSTEMREAKTIONSZEIT. BEI DEM GESCHILDERTEN VERFAHREN WERDEN DIE RADARMESSDATEN FUER ENTFERNUNG UND RELATIVGESCHWINDIGKEIT ZUSAMMEN MIT DEN EINGABEDATEN FUER EIGENGESCHWINDIGKEIT UND FAHRBAHNZUSTAND EINEM SOGENANNTEN GEFAHRENRECHNER EINGEGEBEN, DER HIERAUS DEN NOTWENDIGEN SICHERHEITSABSTAND ERRECHNET UND IHN MIT DER MOMENTAN GEMESSENEN ENTFERNUNG VERGLEICHT. MESSENTFERNUNGEN, DIE KLEINER ALS DER BERECHNETE SICHERHEITSABSTAND SIND, LOESEN EINE OPTISCHE UND AKUSTISCHE WARNUNG AUS. DIE WIRKUNGSWEISEN DES SYSTEMS WERDEN IM EINZELNEN GESCHILDERT. ALLE BISHERIGEN FAHRUNTERSUCHUNGEN HABEN DIE FUNKTIONSTUECHTIGKEIT UND WIRKSAMKEIT BESTAETIGT. DAS SYSTEM IST SOGAR ALLWETTERTAUGLICH.
Vitamin E deficiency and vitamin C supplements: exercise and mitochondrial oxidation (1986)

The effects of dietary antioxidant vitamins E and C on exercise endurance capacity and mitochondrial oxidation were investigated in rats. The endurance capacity of both vitamin E-deficient and vitamin C-supplemented, E-deficient rats was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower (38.1 and 33.6%, respectively) than control animals. Compared with the normal and vitamin E-deficient rats, there was a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the concentration of vitamin C in blood and liver of the vitamin E-deficient, C-supplemented animals. Hence dietary vitamin C supplementation does not prevent the inhibition of exercise endurance capacity or increased hemolysis seen in vitamin E deficiency. The mitochondrial activities for the oxidation of palmitoyl carnitine and alpha-ketoglutarate were significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased by a single bout of exercise in brown adipose tissue but not in muscle, heart, or liver from vitamin C-supplemented, E-deficient groups of rats when compared with the activities in the tissue from the same group of rats killed at rest. Similar results were also seen in brown adipose tissue from vitamin E-deficient rats. The results suggest a tissue-specific role for vitamins E and C in substrate oxidation and show that the poor endurance capacity of vitamin E-deficient rats cannot be attributed to any changes in the mitochondrial activity in skeletal or cardiac muscles. It is also concluded that vitamin C supplementation, at least at the dose employed in the present study, cannot counteract the detrimental effects associated with vitamin E deficiency.
Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery Resection of Rectal Tumors: Outcomes and Recommendations (2010)

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is a safe and effective method for excision of benign and malignant rectal tumors. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery can be offered for (1) curative resection of benign tumors, carcinoid tumors, and select T1 adenocarcinomas, (2) histopathologic staging in indeterminate cases, and (3) palliative resection in patients medically unfit or unwilling to undergo radical resection.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study of memantine in mild to moderate vascular dementia (MMM500) (2002)

The aim of the reported trial was to investigate the safety and efficacy of memantine in mild to moderate vascular dementia (VaD). This was a 28-week, double-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial of memantine 20 mg daily versus placebo which was conducted in 54 centres in the UK. Memantine is a uncompetitive, moderate affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. Patients with a diagnosis of probable VaD and Mini Mental State Examination total scores between 10 and 22 were eligible for inclusion. Primary efficacy parameters were the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) and the Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI-C). A total of 579 patients were randomized and 548 patients with at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment qualified for the intent-to-treat analysis. At endpoint, memantine was shown to improve cognition relative to placebo in VaD: the change of ADAS-cog from baseline differed by a mean of -1.75 points (95% confidence intervals -3.023 to -0.49) and a median of 2 points between the two groups, while CGI-C ratings showed no significant differences between treatment groups. A total of 77% of all memantine-treated patients experienced adverse event, versus 75% of the placebo-treated patients, dizziness being the most frequent adverse event (11% versus 8%, respectively). Memantine was well tolerated and safe.
REPORT: A MODEL FOR FLOWS IN CHANNELS, PIPES, AND DUCTS AT MICRO AND NANO SCALES (1999)

Rarefied gas flows in channels, pipes, and ducts with smooth surfaces are studied in a wide range of Knudsen number (Kn) at low Mach number (M) with the objective of developing simple, physics-based models. Such flows are encountered in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), in nanotechnology applications, and in low-pressure environments. A new general boundary condition that accounts for the reduced momentum and heat exchange with wall surfaces is proposed and its validity is investigated. It is shown that it is applicable in the entire Knudsen range and is second-order accurate in Kn in the slip flow regime. Based on this boundary condition, a universal scaling for the velocity profile is obtained, which is used to develop a unified model predicting mass flow rate and pressure distribution with reasonable accuracy for channel, pipe, and duct flows in the regime (0 Kn). A rarefaction coefficient is introduced into this two-parameter model to account for the increasingly reduced intermolecular collisions in the transition and free-molecular regimes. The new model is validated with comparisons against direct-simulation Monte Carlo results, linearized Boltzmann solutions, and experimental data.
Affinity-aware checkpoint restart (2014)

Current checkpointing techniques employed to overcome faults for HPC applications result in inferior application performance after restart from a checkpoint for a number of applications. This is due to a lack of page and core affinity awareness of the checkpoint/restart (C/R) mechanism, i.e., application tasks originally pinned to cores may be restarted on different cores, and in case of non-uniform memory architectures (NUMA), quite common today, memory pages associated with tasks on a NUMA node may be associated with a different NUMA node after restart. This work contributes a novel design technique for C/R mechanisms to preserve task-to-core maps and NUMA node specific page affinities across restarts. Experimental results with BLCR, a C/R mechanism, enhanced with affinity awareness demonstrate significant performance benefits of 37%-73% for the NAS Parallel Benchmark codes and 6-12% for NAMD with negligible overheads instead of up to nearly four times longer an execution times without affinity-aware restarts on 16 cores.
Cellular Oxygen Toxicity (1996)

All forms of aerobic life are faced with the threat of oxidation from molecular oxygen (O2) and have evolved antioxidant defenses to cope with this potential problem. However, cellular antioxidants can become overwhelmed by oxidative insults, including supraphysiologic concentrations of O2 (hyperoxia). Oxidative cell injury involves the modification of cellular macromolecules by reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), often leading to cell death. O2 therapy, which is a widely used component of life-saving intensive care, can cause lung injury. It is generally thought that hyperoxia injures cells by virtue of the accumulation of toxic levels of ROI, including H2O2 and the superoxide anion (O2-), which are not adequately scavenged by endogenous antioxidant defenses. These oxidants are cytotoxic and have been shown to kill cells via apoptosis, or programmed cell death. If hyperoxia-induced cell death is a result of increased ROI, then O2 toxicity should kill cells via apoptosis. We studied cultured epithelial cells in 95% O2 and assayed apoptosis using a DNA-binding fluorescent dye, in situ end-labeling of DNA, and electron microscopy. Using all approaches we found that hyperoxia kills cells via necrosis, not apoptosis. In contrast, lethal concentrations of either H2O2 or O2- cause apoptosis. Paradoxically, apoptosis is a prominent event in the lungs of animals injured by breathing 100% O2. These data indicate that O2 toxicity is somewhat distinct from other forms of oxidative injury and suggest that apoptosis in vivo is not a direct effect of O2.
A Novel Immunosensing Technique Based on the Thermal Properties of Biochemicals (2006)

A new and independent method to investigate biological reactions and their products based upon the accurate and real-time measurement of the thermal conductivity of the reacting samples is presented. A micromachined thermopile based thermal sensor integrated with a planar heater and microfluidic channel has been fabricated for these measurements. The device was calibrated by measuring the thermal conductivity of standard fluids such as DI water and isopropyl alcohol. The calibrated device was then used to measure the thermal properties of biological molecules such as glucose, urea, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), Human Fibrinogen (HF), their antibodies, and the bound product. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the observation of the real-time monitoring of antibody-antigen binding based on the change in the thermal properties of the reacting fluids
p-Type Electrical Conduction in ZnO Thin Films by Ga and N Codoping (1999)

We report the realization of p-type behavior in ZnO thin films, which are prepared by codoping method using Ga (donor) and N (acceptor) as the dopants. Especially, using active N formed by passing N 2 O gas through an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source is quite effective for the acceptor doping. We have observed a room temperature resistivity of 2 Ω·cm and a hole concentration of 4×10 19 cm -3 . These values are enough high for practical applications in various oxide electronic devices.
Self‐Protection of Electrochemical Storage Devices via a Thermal Reversible Sol–Gel Transition (2015)

Thermal self-protected intelligent electrochemical storage devices are fabricated using a reversible sol-gel transition of the electrolyte, which can decrease the specific capacitance and increase and enable temperature-dependent charging and discharging rates in the device. This work represents proof of a simple and useful concept, which shows tremendous promise for the safe and controlled power delivery in electrochemical devices.
Probabilistic collocation method for flow in porous media: Comparisons with other stochastic methods (2007)

An efficient method for uncertainty analysis of flow in random porous media is explored in this study, on the basis of combination of Karhunen‐Loeve expansion and probabilistic collocation method (PCM). The random log transformed hydraulic conductivity field is represented by the Karhunen‐Loeve expansion and the hydraulic head is expressed by the polynomial chaos expansion. Probabilistic collocation method is used to determine the coefficients of the polynomial chaos expansion by solving for the hydraulic head fields for different sets of collocation points. The procedure is straightforward and analogous to the Monte Carlo method, but the number of simulations required in PCM is significantly reduced. Steady state flows in saturated random porous media are simulated with the probabilistic collocation method, and comparisons are made with other stochastic methods: Monte Carlo method, the traditional polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) approach based on Galerkin scheme, and the moment‐equation approach based on Karhunen‐Loeve expansion (KLME). This study reveals that PCM and KLME are more efficient than the Galerkin PCE approach. While the computational efforts are greatly reduced compared to the direct sampling Monte Carlo method, the PCM and KLME approaches are able to accurately estimate the statistical moments and probability density function of the hydraulic head.