gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural killing of tumor cells by human peripheral blood cells. Suppression of killing in vitro by tumor-promoting phorbol diesters. (1981)

Tumor-promoting phorbol diesters were shown to suppress natural killing in vitro by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The inhibitory effect of different phorbol diesters and their analogues correlated with their potency as tumor promoters, the most effective agent being 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Both peripheral blood cells and targets specifically bound TPA, and natural killing could be inhibited by pretreatment of either cell population with TPA, though this was less effective than direct addition of TPA to the assay. Cells that had been pretreated with TPA released TPA and metabolites of tPA during subsequent incubation in fresh medium. This release of tPA was evidently responsible for the inhibition of natural killing by pretreated target cells; in experiments where labeled and unlabeled target cells were mixed, pretreatment of unlabeled targets with TPA inhibited killing of labeled targets. Suppression of natural killing by TPA was greatly reduced when adherent cells were removed from the peripheral blood cells, suggesting that monocytes mediate suppression. Inhibition of natural killing by TPA provides a model for examining the regulation of natural killing. Suppression of natural killing by phorbol diesters may contribute to their activity as tumor promoters.
Human Subject Research (1997)

In the ScienceScope item “Broader oversight for research on humans?” (31 Jan., p. 605) it is stated that for “Army scientists doing classified studies … following the Common Rule is voluntary.” On the contrary, it is mandatory for the Army and all other Department of Defense researchers to follow the regulations set forth in the Common Rule “which requires that researchers obtain approval for human experiments from an institutional review board, fully inform test subjects about the risks, and obtain subjects' written consent.”

As a federal agency and as part of the Department of Defense, the Army is (i) one of the 16 agencies to work for adoption of the Common Rule, and (ii) one of the agencies that adopted the Common Rule in 1991. Title 32, Code of Federal Regulations , Part 219, is the Common Rule for the Department of Defense. All Army and Department of Defense biomedical human subject research, whether classified or nonclassified, intramural or extramural, is subject to the Common Rule. The Army and Department of Defense are also subject to the Food and Drug Administration's oversight of investigational medical product research and use involving humans.

While it is correct that “ `there is no law saying that all research involving human subjects must have informed consent,' “ the implication cannot be made that informed consent is therefore not required or obtained. In the mid-1970s, both the National Institutes of Health and the Army instituted major changes in regulations governing the oversight of human subject research. The changes, including requirements for informed consent, are enforced, and they continue to be strengthened and clarified in response to concerns of the scientific and lay community.
Improved fixation of porous-coated versus grit-blasted surface texture of hydroxyapatite-coated implants in dogs (1997)

We inserted, in 8 dogs, implants with either porous-coated or grit-blasted titanium surface and coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) into trabecular bone in the proximal humerus, using a 1 mm gap model. After 25 weeks, push-out tests showed that energy absorption for porous-coated implants was twice that of grit-blasted implants, whereas shear stiffness was reduced by one fifth, indicating a stronger fixation of porous-coated implants. Macroscopically, all grit-blasted implants had delamination of the HA coating, whereas porous implants failed mostly at the HA-tissue interface. Porous-coated implants had 47% bone ingrowth and grit-blasted implants 70% (p = 0.02), however, no difference in absolute surface area was found. Part of the HA coating was resorbed during the implantation period as regards volume and thickness. HA coverage was more reduced on porous-coated than on grit-blasted implants (p = 0.01). No foreign-body reaction or osteolysis was seen. An important finding was that one fifth of the surface with complete resorption of HA coating was replaced by newly formed bone.
Branch-on-random (2008)

We propose a new instruction, branch-on-random, that is like a standard conditional branch, except rather than specifying the condition on which the branch should be taken, it specifies a frequency at which the branch should be taken. We show that branch-on-random is useful for reducing the overhead of program instrumentation, via sampling. Specifically, branch-on-random provides an order-of-magnitude reduction in execution time overhead compared to previously proposed software-only frameworks for instrumentation sampling.
Adaptive audio-video streaming solution over IP mobile environments (2006)

Audio and video streaming over the Internet is becoming very attractive and popular. Thus, there is a need to provide efficient delivery of such applications to the growing number of demanding users. In addition, new types of devices, transportable and mobile are emerging rapidly. Now, common users are expecting to access their favorite Internet services anywhere, and through any equipment (laptop, PDA, ...). This paper combines those two requests by proposing an efficient adaptive solution to mobile users willing to receive audio-video streaming services. Our solution is focused on MPEG-4 coded streams, the use of audio-visual objects (AVOs) and the partitioning into different sets of layers. According to the changes of networks experienced by the mobile user, a classification followed by an adaptation process is performed to the video stream. AVOs are added or dropped according to the newly accessed network constraints and following a TCP-friendly rate control algorithm
Space-variant joint transform image correlation using a binary spatial light modulator at the Fourier plane (1987)

A joint Fourier transform image correlator that uses a binary spatial light modulator (SLM) at the Fourier plane is described. It is shown that binarizing the Fourier transform’s interference intensity does not seriously degrade the performance of the system. The implementation of joint transform correlation using an electrically addressed SLM at the Fourier plane requires magnification of the Fourier transform's interference intensity to pre serve spatial invariance. Due to the low resolution of available SLMs, magnification is necessary to resolve the high spatial frequencies of the interference intensity which are associated with the input signals’ positions. However, such magnifications can result in the loss of the space-band width product (SBWP), which can degrade the performance of the system. Here we also show that by compromising the spatial invariance, the correlation signals can be formed without such magnifications and without significant losses in the SBWP. Undersampling of the interference intensity results in aliasing effects and loss of the high spatial frequencies associated with the input signals’ locations which also correspond to the correlation positions at the output plane. We show that the correlation functions can be recovered if their positions are known; therefore, the proposed technique is called space-variant image correlation. It is shown that the correlation performance of the proposed system is superior to those systems that employ magnification at the Fourier plane to preserve spatial invariance.
MR Elastography of the Liver and the Spleen Using a Piezoelectric Driver, Single‐Shot Wave‐Field Acquisition, and Multifrequency Dual Parameter Reconstruction (2013)

The proposed method provides abdominal images of viscoelasticity in a short time with spatial resolution comparable to conventional MR images and improved quality without being compromised by ascites. The new setup allows for the integration of abdominal MRE into the clinical workflow.
Desalination, Trends and Technologies (2011)

The book comprises 14 chapters covering all the issues related to water desalination. These chapters emphasize the relationship between problems encountered with the use of feed water, the processes developed to address them, the operation of the required plants and solutions actually implemented. This compendium will assist designers, engineers and investigators to select the process and plant configuration that are most appropriate for the particular feed water to be used, for the geographic region considered, as well as for the characteristics required of the treated water produced. This survey offers a comprehensive, hierarchical and logical assessment of the entire desalination industry. It starts with the worldwide scarcity of water and energy, continues with the thermal - and membrane-based processes and, finally, presents the design and operation of large and small desalination plants. As such, it covers all the scientific, technological and economical aspects of this critical industry, not disregarding its environmental and social points of view. One of InTech's books has received widespread praise across a number of key publications. Desalination, Trends and Technologies (Ed. Schorr, M. 2011) has been reviewed in Corrosion Engineering, Science & Technology – the official magazine for the Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining, and Taylor & Francis's Desalination Publications. Praised for its “multi-faceted content [which] contributes to enrich it,” and described as “an essential companion...[that] enables the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the desalination industry,” this book is testament to the quality improvements we have been striving towards over the last twelve months.
Models for evaluating navigational techniques for higher-order ambisonics (2017)

Models are presented that predict perceived source localization and spectral coloration for the purpose of evaluating navigational techniques for higher-order ambisonics. Previous evaluations typically rely on binaural localization models, which conflate the effects of the navigational technique with those of the adopted ambisonics-to-binaural rendering approach. Moreover, studies on navigation-induced coloration have been largely qualitative. The presented models are applied directly to translated ambisonics impulse responses (i.e., before rendering to binaural) and are validated through listening experiments. Localization is predicted using an extension to a precedence-effect-based localization model. Coloration is predicted using a linear combination of spectral energies and notch-depths in a difference-spectrum between the test and reference signals. For two interpolation-based navigational techniques and a range of translation distances, localization and coloration are also measured subjectively through binaural-synthesis-based listening tests, wherein subjects judge source position for a spatialized sample of speech and rate the induced coloration in pink noise relative to reference signals. The proposed localization model is shown to predict the data with comparable accuracy to that of a binaural localization model and the coloration metrics used are shown to best predict perceived coloration compared to alternative sets of metrics.
Porosity and permeability from mobile NMR core-scanning (2006)

Two types of mobile Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) core-scanners were used to measure porosity and estimate the pore-size distribution of water-saturated drill cores. Both devices are experimental prototypes and differ in their magnetic field strength and homogeneity. Whereas the magnetic field of the unilateral NMR-MOUSE® is applied to the sample from one side and is inhomogeneous within the object, the other device is constructed from a Halbach magnet and encloses the sample in a large cylindrical volume resulting in a nearly homogeneous magnetic field. Non-destructive NMR measurements were made on full cylindrical and split semi-cylindrical cores, including limestone, sandstone, basalt, shale, and unconsolidated clay-rich sediments with varying values of porosity, pore size and magnetic susceptibility. Porosity calculated from amplitudes of transverse relaxation measurements with both instruments agree with porosity values determined by independent measurements. The homogeneous magnetic field of the Halbach core-scanner generates distributions of transverse relaxation that are hardly influenced by diffusion. Permeability therefore could be determined for limestone samples with low magnetic susceptibility. In addition to their use in the laboratory, both tools because of their small size and low weight are conveniently shipped, e.g. to drilling platforms. They allow rapid wellsite analysis of large-size cores in a fresh state without prior preparation.
A method for the analysis of sucralose with electrospray LC/MS in recipient waters and in sewage effluent subjected to tertiary treatment technologies (2011)

Abstract A method for the analysis of the artificial sweetener sucralose in sewage water and recipient water was developed. Extraction and clean up was performed with solid-phase extraction utilising Oasis HLB columns. Detection was made by liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. However, 'pseudo MRM' was used, a technique where the two quadrupoles monitor the same m/z. The sodium adduct of sucralose was used for quantification, since lower detection limits were obtained as compared to the sucralose quasi-molecular ion in negative ion mode. The two ions with highest intensity in the chlorine isotope pattern were monitored. The reduction of matrix effects with this approach is discussed. The method limit of quantification (MLOQ) for sewage water was 0.2 µg L−1, whereas for recipient water MLOQ was 0.02 µg L−1. The method was used to analyse effluent samples from an experimental sewage treatment plant (STP) to assess the efficiency of tertiary treatment techniques for removal of sucralose. Filtration through activated carbon was shown to be efficient, while ozonation, advanced oxidation techniques and membrane bioreactors were less efficient. Analyses of receiving waters showed low dilution of sucralose emitted from the STPs. Keywords: sewage treatmentreceiving waterssodium adductmatrix effects Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge Michael McLachlan (Stockholm University), Per Jonsson (Stockholm University) and Cajsa Wahlberg (Stockholm Water Company).
AMASS: Archive of Motion Capture As Surface Shapes (2019)

Large datasets are the cornerstone of recent advances in computer vision using deep learning. In contrast, existing human motion capture (mocap) datasets are small and the motions limited, hampering progress on learning models of human motion. While there are many different datasets available, they each use a different parameterization of the body, making it difficult to integrate them into a single meta dataset. To address this, we introduce AMASS, a large and varied database of human motion that unifies 15 different optical marker-based mocap datasets by representing them within a common framework and parameterization. We achieve this using a new method, MoSh++, that converts mocap data into realistic 3D human meshes represented by a rigged body model. Here we use SMPL [Loper et al., 2015], which is widely used and provides a standard skeletal representation as well as a fully rigged surface mesh. The method works for arbitrary marker sets, while recovering soft-tissue dynamics and realistic hand motion. We evaluate MoSh++ and tune its hyperparameters using a new dataset of 4D body scans that are jointly recorded with marker-based mocap. The consistent representation of AMASS makes it readily useful for animation, visualization, and generating training data for deep learning. Our dataset is significantly richer than previous human motion collections, having more than 40 hours of motion data, spanning over 300 subjects, more than 11000 motions, and will be publicly available to the research community.
Analysis of thin-film silicon-on-insulator structures formed by low-energy oxygen ion implantation (1991)

The characteristics of the formation and growth of buried oxide layers, formed by oxygen implantation into silicon at lower energies (50–140-keV 16O+), have been studied using secondary-ion mass spectrometry. Some results have been checked and compared with the results obtained by Rutherford backscattering and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The critical doses, required to form a continuous buried stoichiometric oxide layer during implantation (ΦIc) and after annealing (ΦAc) have been estimated from experimental results. The thicknesses of the silicon overlayer (TASi) and buried silicon dioxide layer (TASiO2) for the annealed wafers have also been estimated. A set of semi-empirical formulas for ΦIc, ΦAc, TASi, and TASiO2 has been introduced. These formulas can be used to quickly calculate the critical doses and the layer thickness values.
Using the common benefits from land information systems in the planning of a geographic facility management system (1989)

In Denmark interest in digital geographical cable and pipeline registration systems arose at the end of the 1970s in connection with the establishment of the natural gas distribution network from the North Sea. Cooperation between cable and pipeline owners and public authorities was further developed in the beginning of the 1980s. The author gives a closer description of the results of these cooperation initiatives, including the common national reference system; cooperation models for the establishment of a common basic digital map; the development of a common system-model conception for cable and pipeline registration; and standards for the exchange of cartographical data. The authors describe the common basis for the establishment of a cable and pipeline registration system and how NESA, the largest Danish electric utility, has benefited from this basis in connection with the introduction of its own system.
Injury induces in vivo expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF receptor mRNAs in skin epithelial cells and PDGF mRNA in connective tissue fibroblasts. (1991)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates many of the processes important in tissue repair, including proliferation of fibroblasts and synthesis of extracellular matrices. In this study we have demonstrated with in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry the reversible expression of c-sis/PDGF-2 and PDGF receptor (PDGF-R) b mRNAs and their respective protein products in epithelial cells and fibroblasts following cutaneous injury in pigs. Epithelial cells in control, unwounded skin did not express c-sis and PDGF-R mRNAs, and fibroblasts expressed only PDGF-R mRNA. The expression levels in the injured site were correlated with the stage of tissue repair, being highest during the initial stages of the repair process and declining at the time of complete re-epithelialization and tissue remodeling. It is suggested that the controlled, reversible expression of a potent mitogen and its receptor induced by injury may function in an autocrine/paracrine manner on both epithelial cells and fibroblasts to bring about their sustained proliferation during the normal healing process. These studies provide a molecular basis for understanding the mechanisms contributing to normal tissue repair. We suggest the possibility that a defect in these mechanisms may be associated with defective wound healing. It is also conceivable that "chronic" injury may induce irreversible gene expression leading to pathologic, unregulated cell growth.
Single-Crystalline Hexagonal Silicon–Germanium (2016)

Group IV materials with the hexagonal diamond crystal structure have been predicted to exhibit promising optical and electronic properties. In particular, hexagonal silicon-germanium (Si<sub>1-x</sub>Ge<sub>x</sub>) should be characterized by a tunable direct band gap with implications ranging from Si-based light-emitting diodes to lasers and quantum dots for single photon emitters. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of high-quality defect-free and wafer-scale hexagonal Si<sub>1-x</sub>Ge<sub>x</sub> growth with precise control of the alloy composition and layer thickness. This is achieved by transferring the hexagonal phase from a GaP/Si core/shell nanowire template, the same method successfully employed by us to realize hexagonal Si. We determine the optimal growth conditions in order to achieve single-crystalline layer-by-layer Si<sub>1-x</sub>Ge<sub>x</sub> growth in the preferred stoichiometry region. Our results pave the way for exploiting the novel properties of hexagonal Si<sub>1-x</sub>Ge<sub>x</sub> alloys in technological applications.
Psychosocial correlates of dietary intake among overweight and obese men. (2007)

Theoretically based psychosocial constructs were related to overweight men's dietary intake and have potential for use in tailored behavior-change interventions.
Application of model-based fault detection to a brushless DC motor (2000)

In comparison to classical DC motors, brushless DC motors are very reliable, Nevertheless, they can also fail, caused by, e.g., overheating or mechanical wear. This paper proposes a parameter estimation technique for fault detection on this type of motor. Simply by measuring the motor's input and output signals, its parameters can be estimated. This method is based on a mathematical model of the process. In the presented work, a square-wave motor is considered. An appropriate model is derived. To be able to implement the method also on low-cost microcontroller-based control units, only the power inverter supply voltage, DC current, and the motor's angular velocity have to be measured. The parameter estimation technique provides information about the electrical resistance and the back-EMF constant as well as about the mechanical parameters. Comparing the nominal with the computed parameters, faults can be detected. The approach might be applied to both end-of-line and online fault detection. Results for simulated data demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed procedure. Finally, a real-world application-an actuation system with a brushless DC motor mounted to a gearbox-is given.
An algorithm for polynomial matrix SVD based on generalised Kogbetliantz transformations (2010)

An algorithm is presented for computing the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a polynomial matrix. It takes the form of a sequential best rotation (SBR) algorithm and constitutes a generalisation of the Kogbetliantz technique for computing the SVD of conventional scalar matrices. It avoids “squaring” the matrix to be factorised, uses only unitary and paraunitary operations, and therefore exhibits a high degree of numerical stability.