gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HG-9-91-01 Attenuates Murine Experimental Colitis by Promoting Interleukin-10 Production in Colonic Macrophages Through the SIK/CRTC3 Pathway (2021)

We found that HG-9-91-01 promoted the IL-10 expression of colonic macrophages and exhibited its anticolitis activity through the SIK/CRTC3 axis, and thus it may represent a promising strategy for inflammatory bowel disease therapy.
Summation of Dosage (1940)

In a small sample of American roentgen therapists, one in six—when they were treating multiple fields—took the sum of the dosage applied to each field and added them all together, recording, sometimes in red ink, the “total roentgens.” In cases, this ran up to 9,000 roentgens. Such a widespread misconception as to the nature of our unit of dosage needs correction, it seems to me. It appears obvious to me that a single 10 × 20 cm. area gets the same dose when treated for, say, ten minutes as a single10 × 20 area, that it does when treated, first,one 10 × 10 area for ten minutes and thenthe other 10 × 10 area for ten minutes. Crossfire beams can really be summed only in terms of tissue dose within the tumor, not as the surface dose of the various portals of entry. Suppose one is making photographs on an eight-exposure roll of film. Suppose he exposes one roll of film, outdoors, one-hundredth of a second for each of the eight exposures, and they come out all right. Suppose in the next roll he exposes only two, and then, being impatient to see the results, develops the whole roll without waiting for pictures for the other six places on the film. Surely you would not consider his roll of film under-exposed. What I have presented above need not contradict, I think, the following accepted fact: There is a real clinical difference between the treatment of one 10 × 10 area with 1,000 roentgens in a two-week period, and the treatment of two such areas by the same dose and the same time. There is also a clinical difference between the treatment of one 10 × 10area to a total of 1,000 roentgens in two weeks' time and the treatment of a 15 cm. square area to the same dose in the same time. When one is dealing with areas differing very greatly, irradiated to the same total number of roentgens measured in the beam in air, there is both a physical and a clinical difference. The physical difference depends upon the difference in the amount of back-scatter effective in the area irradiated. The clinical difference consists in this, namely, that the skin and subcutaneous tissues can recover from a greater amount of roentgen injury when the area injured is small, due to the proximity of surrounding uninjured tissue with its normal blood supply. Moreover, the systemic damage done by heavy irradiation, i.e., the roentgen sickness, is correlated with the total volume of patient irradiated, and so, of course, is greater for large areas and for multiple areas. In recording roentgen dosage, therefore, we ought to sum up the roentgens applied to each area treated for the whole series of treatments, but not to add together the dosage for separate areas.
Piezoelectric Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals Thin Films (2012)

Ultrathin films of aligned cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were assembled on mica supports by using electric field-assisted shear. The relationship between polarization gradients and strain mechanics of the obtained films was examined by monitoring their deflection with an atomic force microscope operated in contact mode. The piezoelectric response of the films was ascribed to the collective contribution of the asymmetric crystalline structure of the cellulose crystals. The magnitude of the effective shear piezoelectric constant (<i>d</i><sub>25</sub>) of highly ordered CNC films was determined to be 2.1 Å/V, which is comparable to that of a reference film of a piezoelectric metal oxide.
AN OPTIMIZED TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING STACKING VELOCITY FROM SEISMIC REFLECTION DATA* (1980)

A bstract A new method of estimating seismic stacking velocity from reflection seismograms is based on Fibonacci search technique and provides the highest rate of reduction of the interval of uncertainty of the stacking velocity. A review of the Fibonacci search strategy is presented, the application of the method is illustrated with synthetic and field examples.
Some Dialysis Experiments with Polypeptides (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Dialysis Experiments with PolypeptidesL. C. Craig and T. P. KingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 24, 6620–6624Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01629a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01629a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A feed-forward loop amplifies nutritional regulation of PNPLA3 (2010)

The upsurge in prevalence of obesity has spawned an epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previously, we identified a sequence variant (I148M) in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) that confers susceptibility to both hepatic triglyceride (TG) deposition and liver injury. To glean insights into the biological role of PNPLA3, we examined the molecular mechanisms by which nutrient status controls hepatic expression of PNPLA3. PNPLA3 mRNA levels, which were low in fasting animals, increased approximately 90-fold with carbohydrate feeding. The increase was mimicked by treatment with a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist and required the transcription factor SREBP-1c. The site of SREBP-1c binding was mapped to intron 1 of Pnpla3 using chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. SREBP-1c also promotes fatty acid synthesis by activating several genes encoding enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway. Addition of fatty acids (C16:0, C18:1, and C18:2) to the medium of cultured hepatocytes (HuH-7) increased PNPLA3 protein mass without altering mRNA levels. The posttranslational increase in PNPLA3 levels persisted after blocking TG synthesis with triascin C. Oleate (400 muM) treatment prolonged the half-life of PNPLA3 from 2.4 to 6.7 h. These findings are consistent with nutritional control of PNPLA3 being effected by a feed-forward loop; SREBP-1c promotes accumulation of PNPLA3 directly by activating Pnpla3 transcription and indirectly by inhibiting PNPLA3 degradation through the stimulation of fatty acid synthesis.
Detection of the Static Magnetic Field Produced by the Oriented Nuclei of Optically Pumped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">He</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>Gas (1969)

A new type of very sensitive low-field magnetometer is used to detect the static magnetic field produced by optically pumped $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ nuclei in a vapor. Various signals (pumping and relaxation transients) are obtained in this way. This magnetostatic detection allows a direct study of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ nuclear polarization without perturbing the spins.
Extrinsic-pathway enzyme-linked coagulation assay (EP-ELCA). A clot-based alternative to prothrombin time for measurement of extrinsic pathway factors in plasma. (1988)

This solid-phase colorimetric microtiter-plate clotting assay is much more sensitive than standard clotting tests. In enzyme-linked coagulation assay (ELCA), enzyme-labeled fibrinogen and solid-phase fibrinogen are the substrate for thrombin generated in the clotting cascade. We used this assay to measure the factors of the extrinsic pathway by an extrinsic pathway-specific assay (EP-ELCA) and to determine the individual factors of the extrinsic pathway (VII, X, V, II) in plasmas of coumadin-treated and heparin-treated patients, with prothrombin time (PT) values used as a reference. In the ELCA method, samples and controls are incubated on the same plate, eliminating the requirement for pre-standardization of the substrate "plasma" before the factor assay is done. Concentrations of factors are determined by serially diluting sample and control plasmas to yield equivalent activity at given dilutions, a more direct approach for measuring specific factors than determining log concentrations vs log clotting time. Changes in the concentrations of clotting factors are seen before changes are apparent by PT. For coumadin-treated patients, all vitamin K-dependent factors were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.001) less than in normal controls, whereas factor V concentrations were normal, as expected. For patients treated with heparin, concentrations of factors X and VII were less than in normal controls (P less than 0.01) and results for EP-ELCA, II, and V assays were normal. This methodology can readily be automated.
TOXIC GAS AND VAPOR DETECTION BY POLYANILINE GAS SENSORS (2005)

investigated by measuring its conductance and mass changes by using a fourprobe method, elemental analysis, and X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. The prepared films were exposed to hydrogen halides, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulphide, halogens, acetic acid, mono-, di-, and trichloroacetic acid, formaldehyde, hexachloroacetone, 1,3,5-trichloromethyl benzene, methylbenzyl bromide, bromoacetone and cyanogen bromide. It is observed that the polyaniline conductance changes are partly due to two-stage sorption perhaps involving the swelling of the polymer and gas diffusion. All the films were exposed to dilute ammonia solution or vapours of organic solvents and swelled before doping, which could modify the mass and electrical measurements. It was demonstrated that slightly additional amounts of HCl gas in tested gases will significantly influence the conductivity. It is concluded that the response mechanism of polyaniline sensing of different gases and vapours is due to a mixed response involving electronic and physical effects. S. Hossein Hosseini1*, S. Hossein Abdi Oskooei2, and Ali Akbar Entezami3
A Self-Adjusting Multi-granularity Locking protocol for Object-Oriented Databases (2009)

Object-Oriented Databases (OODBs) can provide persistence for object-oriented applications without using an object-relational mapping layer. In this work, we propose a novel Self-Adjusting-granularity Locking protocol (SAML), for OODBs which has less overhead and provides better concurrency compared to some existing protocols. There is another adaptive multi-granularity protocol, AMGL, which provides the same degree of concurrency as SAML. However, our protocol significantly reduces the number of locks. Experimental results show that SAML performs best when the workload in the system is high and transactions are long-lived.
Rhodanine as a Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery (2009)

Rhodanines, thiazolidine-2,4-diones and pseudothiohydantoins have become a very interesting class of heterocyclic compounds since the introduction of various glitazones and epalrestat into clinical use for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications, respectively. Chemical modifications of these heterocycles constantly result in compounds with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. 5-Arylidenerhodanines are frequently identified as potent hits in high throughput screening against various prokaryotic and eukaryotic targets. Synthesis of substituted rhodanines, based on high throughput screening hits, often leads to potent and selective modulators of targeted enzymes or receptors, which exert their pharmacological activities through different mechanisms of action. Due to various possibilities of chemical derivatization of the rhodanine ring, rhodanine-based compounds will probably remain a privileged scaffold in drug discovery. We have therefore reviewed their biological activities, mechanism of action, structure activity relationship and selectivity against other targets.
Cobalt(IV) Ammine Complexes with 5-Nitrosalicylato or Similar Ligands. IV.) Preparation, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and IR Spectra (1978)

Abstract The 1H-NMR spectrum of the 5-nitrosalicylatotetraamminecobalt(IV) complex did not show the signals of phenyl protons of the salicylato ligand, but did show those of ammine protons at 3.7 (s, 6H) and 3.3 ppm (s, 6H). The 13C-NMR peaks could not be observed because of the paramagnetism. The 1H-NMR spectra of the salicylatotetraamminecobalt(III) complexes showed peaks at 3.96 (s, 6H), 3.65 (s, 3H), and 3.38 ppm (s, 3H) for the ammine protons and at 6.7–8.1 ppm (m, 4H) for the phenyl protons of the salicylato ligand. Their 13C-NMR spectra showed seven signals for the salicylato ligand. The IR peaks assignable to the rocking deformation vibration were observed at 830–855 cm−1 for the ammine ligands of 5-nitrosalicylatotetraamminecobalt(IV) complexes and at 820–840 cm−1 for those of salicylatotetraamminecobalt(III) complexes, in conformity with the view that the former complexes are actually cobalt(III) complexes of a free radical nature.
Memory access dependencies in shared-memory multiprocessors (1990)

The presence of high-performance mechanisms in shared-memory multiprocessors such as private caches, the extensive pipelining of memory access, and combining networks may render a logical concurrency model complex to implement or inefficient. The problem of implementing a given logical concurrency model in such a multiprocessor is addressed. Two concurrency models are considered, and simple rules are introduced to verify that a multiprocessor architecture adheres to the models. The rules are applied to several examples of multiprocessor architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Apical Trephination on Postoperative Pain and Swelling in Symptomatic Necrotic Teeth (2001)

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, blinded study was to determine the effect of apical trephination on postoperative pain and swelling in symptomatic necrotic teeth. Fifty emergency patients participated, and each had a clinical diagnosis of a symptomatic necrotic tooth with associated periapical radiolucency. After endodontic treatment, patients randomly received either an apical trephination or mock trephination procedure. The trephination procedure used a Stabident perforator to provide an initial opening in the cortical bone that was enlarged with files (#25 through #120) and an endodontic spoon. Postoperatively, each patient received: ibuprofen; acetaminophen with codeine (30 mg); and a 7-day diary to record pain, percussion pain, swelling, and number and type of pain medication taken. Results demonstrated the use of an apical trephination procedure did not significantly (p > 0.05) reduce pain, percussion pain, swelling, or number of ibuprofen tablets taken in symptomatic necrotic teeth with periapical radiolucencies. The trephination procedure did significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the use of acetaminophen with codeine overall for the 7 days. In conclusion, because there was not a significant reduction in pain, percussion pain, or swelling we cannot recommend the routine use of an apical trephination procedure, as used in this study, in symptomatic necrotic teeth with radiolucencies.
FLASH lidar data collections in terrestrial and ocean environments (2003)

Two separate data collections using Arete Associates' FLASH lidar are presented. The hardware and the experimental arrangements are discussed. An airborne data collection over military targets in clear and obscuring camouflage environments provided high-resolution three-dimensional images for combat identification purposes. In the second field test, the sensor was suspended from a crane above the ocean surface to acquire FLASH imagery of anti-landing mines and obstacles in the highly turbid surf zone environment over a wide range of surf zone conditions.
Fuzzy Decoupling Controller: An Application to Optical Disk File Actuator (1995)

This paper presents a fuzzy decoupling control algorithm. In order to achieve both decoupling and regulation. A two stage control scheme is adopted. In the first stage the system is decomposed into uncoupled subsystems by using a controller based on fuzzy logic. The decoupling fuzzy logic is derived based upon the classical linear system theory. In the second stage, conventional fuzzy controllers are designed to manimuplate the performance of the individual subsystems. The fuzzy controller is applied to the control of a optical disk drive compound actuator, Simulation results show that the fuzzy decoupling controller is especially suitable for compound actuator control implementation. The decoupling controller decomposes the system into the coarse actuator input and the relative displacement between the two actuators. Specifications for the control of the compound actuators are derived, and their effects are demonstrated.
Do probiotics reduce adult lactose intolerance? A systematic review. (2005)

Probiotic supplementation in general did not alleviate the symptoms and signs of lactose intolerance in adults in this review. Some evidence suggests that specific strains, concentrations, and preparations are effective. Further clinical trials of specific strains and concentrations are necessary to delineate this potential therapeutic relationship.
Design, analysis, and implementation of a DSP-based modem for Code-Phase-Shift Keying (2009)

This thesis presents the design, analysis, and implementation of a radio-frequency modem which employs the Code-Phase-Shift Keying (CPSK) method of Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum (DS-SS) signaling. A correlation receiver is designed for a DSP based implementation. The received RF signal is brought to a digitally represented base-band signal by product demodulation at the nominal RF frequency, followed by low-pass filtering and dual-channel 8 bit sampling at 2 MSPS. Base-band signal processing is done on a quad TT TMS320C40 general purpose DSP. The SS spreading factor is user selectable from a range of 7 to 127; with corresponding data rates in the range 100 to 9.4 KBPS. The herein designed tracking and acquisition algorithms are adapted from those of conventional DS-SS systems; while the carrier-phase tracking problem is solved by a new method hereby called Phase-Invariant-Reception (PIR). Extensive bit-error-rate (BER) measurements have been made in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and in the presence of single tone interference. All measured BER vs SNR or BER vs JSR curves are compared to those of an ideal optimal receiver. The implementation loss, with respect to the optimal receiver, for single-channel data flow in AWGN is approximately 1.8 dB in power efficiency when the stationary receiver and transmitter use local oscillators of the same nominal frequency. The additional BER power efficiency loss as a function of the difference in frequency of the latter two oscillators, is obtained exactly analytically and is confirmed experimentally. The main contributions to the suboptimal BER performance are due to approximating the optimal correlator with an analog filter plus digital correlator, to tracking the timing slippage, and to using PIR instead of optimal coherent reception. The performance of the analog filter/digital correlator combination is obtained approximately analytically, and found to be independent of the signal-to-noise ratio. The BER degradation incurred by the tracking is derived analytically and found to be negligible for the timing error induced by the typical present day TTL clock oscillators, unless the SNR is very high. The theoretical BER performance of PIR is obtained exactly analytically, and found to approach that of coherent reception as the SNR increases. In addition, measured data for the mean time-to-acquire and the mean time-to-loselock in AWGN is presented; along with an outline on how these curves could be obtained analytically, and their implications for packet transmission.
Direct Carbon Conversion: Application to the Efficient Conversion of Fossil Fuels to Electricity (2001)

We introduce a concept for efficient conversion of fossil fuels to electricity that entails the decomposition of fossil-derived hydrocarbons into carbon and hydrogen, and electrochemical conversion of these fuels in separate fuel cells. Carbon/air fuel cells have the advantages of near zero entropy change and associated heat production (allowing 100% theoretical conversion efficiency). The activities of the C fuel and CO{sub 2} product are invariant, allowing constant EMF and full utilization of fuel in single pass mode of operation. System efficiency estimates were conducted for several routes involving sequential extraction of a hydrocarbon from the fossil resource by (hydro) pyrolysis followed by thermal decomposition. The total energy conversion efficiencies of the processes were estimated to be (1) 80% for direct conversion of petroleum coke; (2) 67% HHV for CH{sub 4}; (3) 72% HHV for heavy oil (modeled using properties of decane); (4) 75.5% HHV (83% LHV) for natural gas conversion with a Rankine bottoming cycle for the H{sub 2} portion; and (5) 69% HHV for conversion of low rank coals and lignite through hydrogenation and pyrolysis of the CH{sub 4} intermediate. The cost of carbon fuel is roughly $7/GJ, based on the cost of the pyrolysis step in the industrial furnace black process. Cell hardware costs are estimated to be less than $500/kW.
Unusual biochemical features and follicular dendritic cell expression of human Fcα/μ receptor (2007)

The Fc receptor for IgA and IgM (Fcalpha/muR) is of particular interest because it can bind antibodies of both IgM and IgA isotypes and thus may play a pivotal role in systemic and mucosal immunity. Using IgM and IgA ligands and newly generated Fcalpha/muR specific monoclonal antibodies we have defined biochemical features and cellular distribution of the human Fcalpha/muR. Both recombinant and native forms of human Fcalpha/muR are expressed on the cell surface as remarkably stable homodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins that can bind specifically polymeric IgM or IgA. The only human B cells to express Fcalpha/muR, albeit at very low levels, are found in the pre-germinal center subpopulation defined by the IgD+/CD38+ phenotype. Hence the expression pattern differs from that of the mouse wherein Fcalpha/muR is expressed by both circulating and resident B cell populations. Significantly, the predominant cell type expressing the Fcalpha/muR in humans is the follicular dendritic cell of germinal centers. The Fcalpha/muR may thus function in antigen presentation and B cell selection in the germinal center response.