gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Phases of Actin Polymerization Display Different Dependencies on PI(3,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>Accumulation and Have Unique Roles during Chemotaxis (2003)

The directional movement of cells in chemoattractant gradients requires sophisticated control of the actin cytoskeleton. Uniform exposure of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae as well as mammalian leukocytes to chemoattractant triggers two phases of actin polymerization. In the initial rapid phase, motility stops and the cell rounds up. During the second slow phase, pseudopodia are extended from local regions of the cell perimeter. These responses are highly correlated with temporal and spatial accumulations of PI(3,4,5)P3/PI(3,4)P2 reflected by the translocation of specific PH domains to the membrane. The slower phase of PI accumulation and actin polymerization is more prominent in less differentiated, unpolarized cells, is selectively increased by disruption of PTEN, and is relatively more sensitive to perturbations of PI3K. Optimal levels of the second responses allow the cell to respond rapidly to switches in gradient direction by extending lateral pseudopods. Consequently, PI3K inhibitors impair chemotaxis in wild-type cells but partially restore polarity and chemotactic response in pten- cells. Surprisingly, the fast phase of PI(3,4,5)P3 accumulation and actin polymerization, which is relatively resistant to PI3K inhibition, can support inefficient but reasonably accurate chemotaxis.
Deep inverse rendering for high-resolution SVBRDF estimation from an arbitrary number of images (2019)

In this paper we present a unified deep inverse rendering framework for estimating the spatially-varying appearance properties of a planar exemplar from an arbitrary number of input photographs, ranging from just a single photograph to many photographs. The precision of the estimated appearance scales from plausible when the input photographs fails to capture all the reflectance information, to accurate for large input sets. A key distinguishing feature of our framework is that it directly optimizes for the appearance parameters in a latent embedded space of spatially-varying appearance, such that no handcrafted heuristics are needed to regularize the optimization. This latent embedding is learned through a fully convolutional auto-encoder that has been designed to regularize the optimization. Our framework not only supports an arbitrary number of input photographs, but also at high resolution. We demonstrate and evaluate our deep inverse rendering solution on a wide variety of publicly available datasets.
Direct visualization of the clonal progression of primary cutaneous melanoma: application of tissue microdissection and comparative genomic hybridization. (1995)

Human cutaneous malignant melanoma progresses through a series of well defined clinical and histopathological stages. It has been assumed that the neoplastic progression of this disease advances from a common acquired nevus or dysplastic nevus through the primary radial growth phase (RGP), primary vertical growth phase (VGP), and finally to distant metastasis. However, it has never been directly shown that VGP is clonally derived from RGP. Furthermore, it has not been possible previously to conduct a detailed genetic analysis on pure tumor cells from archival material because the lesions are a heterogeneous mixture of normal and neoplastic cells, and the entire specimen must be excised and fixed for clinical diagnosis. This report describes a new approach designed to identify DNA copy number changes in tumor cells from a series of progressive primary stages of cutaneous melanoma archival biopsies. Under direct high-power visualization, cells are procured with a sterile needle from highly specific areas of the tissue section. DNA is extracted from microdissected cells (normal, RGP, and VGP), PCR amplified, fluorescently labeled, and examined by comparative genomic hybridization to determine DNA copy number changes. Data obtained from three representative cases suggest a clonal derivation of VGP cells from RGP. This approach could be useful in identifying the sequence of genetic changes in progressive cutaneous melanoma stages.
Boron Atoms as Spin Carriers in Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Systems (2009)

Paramagnetic compounds with at least partially boron-centered electron spin can be constructed using either the prototypically electron-accepting boron atoms bridged by planar pi-conjugated organic systems, or by taking advantage of the three-dimensional delocalized bonding in oligonuclear borane, haloborane, or carborane clusters. The concept of mixed valency can thus be transferred from organic and transition-metal chemistry to main-group-element molecules, and density functional theory is capable of reproducing the variable spin distribution.
Tubular antigen-binding proteins repress transcription of type IV collagen in the autoimmune target epithelium of experimental interstitial nephritis. (1992)

We have been studying immune interactions with somatic cells using a tubular antigen-binding protein (ThF) secreted by helper T lymphocytes harvested from mice that have an autoimmune form of interstitial nephritis called anti-tubular basement membrane disease. This ThF, although characterized originally because of its ability to induce effector T cells, additionally recognizes the nephritogenic 3M-1 antigen expressed by its target renal tubular epithelium. We believe these proteins, in general, may modulate directly some homeostatic functions in organ-derived cells, and now report that our ThF represses specifically the cellular transcription and secretion of basement membrane type IV collagen in tubular epithelium. These in vitro findings of reduced levels of mRNA encoding type IV collagen correlate well with in situ hybridization studies performed on kidneys expressing early autoimmune lesions, and predict a progressive drop in the expression of type IV collagen in the interstitium. Such a novel and unexpected repression of transcription of type IV collagen might easily impart or facilitate permanent change in the infrastructure of kidney architecture during autoimmune injury and, perhaps, contributes to the process of tubular atrophy attendant to prolonged renal inflammation.
Emulsion Polymerized Polydimethylsiloxane (1983)

Abstract The observations are consistent with the formation of grafts of hydrophilic silicates to the silanol chain ends at the surface of the PDMS emulsion particles prior to removal of the water. The silicates may be introduced into the system directly or through the alkaline colloidal silica, which contains appreciable amounts of dissolved silicates. Monomeric, or possibly dimeric, silicate grafted to more than one chain end could migrate to the interior of the PDMS emulsion particle to form further crosslinks. Grafts to higher molecular weight silicates and silicate grafts bearing anionic change would be solvated with water and tend to remain at the oil-water interface. These grafts can provide additional stabilization to the cured particles. The dialkyltin carboxylate is pictured as playing a role in the grafting and crosslinking process. Evaporation of the water would eventually cause collapse of the stabilizing elements surrounding the PDMS particles to allow contact between particles of silica and the silicate grafts coating the particles of PDMS. The ensuing formation of interparticle hydrogen bonds and siloxane bonds, which can occur readily at room temperature under alkaline conditions, completes the formation of the elastomer network. This is represented in Figure 8. The resulting elastomeric network thus consists of the original emulsion particles, now crosslinked, which are surrounded by a hydrophilic hard phase of silicates and silica. In some aspects, this resembles the morphology proposed for films from dried natural latex.
CubeSat Solid Rocket Motor Propulsion Systems providing Delta-Vs greater than 500 m/s (2014)

Over the past three years, a team at The Aerospace Corporation has been investigating high Delta-V solid rocket motor propulsion systems for CubeSats. All solid rocket motors have an unknown thrust misalignment. Therefore, any vehicle propelled by a solid rocket motor must include an attitude control system (ACS) capable of dealing with the torque generated by this thrust misalignment. We have designed and flight-tested two solid rocket motor thrust vector control (TVC) systems that provide the means for an ACS to null the thrust misalignment of a small solid rocket motor and allow the CubeSat to be steered while accelerating. The two TVC systems use completely different approaches -- one is a moving mass system, the other is a nozzle jet paddle system. The TVC systems can be combined with a small solid (or liquid) rocket motor to provide a 1U (a 10 cm cube) x 1 kg propulsion unit that can be attached to a 1 kg CubeSat and provide up to 950 m/s of Delta-V. The propulsion systems are highly scalable and can be designed to provide smaller or larger amounts of Delta-V as desired. A 2U (a 20 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm cuboid) x 2.5 kg propulsion unit attached to a 1 kg CubeSat can provide up to 1400 m/s of Delta-V. The proof-of-concept designs and flight tests of these propulsion systems are presented.
Intensities and Shapes of Infrared Absorption Bands of Substances in the Liquid Phase (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntensities and Shapes of Infrared Absorption Bands of Substances in the Liquid PhaseD. A. RamsayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 1, 72–80Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01121a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01121a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views868Altmetric-Citations608LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Reaction of Organic Halides with Piperidine. V. Negatively Substituted Ethyl Bromides (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Organic Halides with Piperidine. V. Negatively Substituted Ethyl BromidesE. Leon Foreman and S. M. McElvainCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 6, 1435–1438Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01863a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01863a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views667Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Association of Androgenetic Alopecia With Mortality From Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Disease (2013)

AGA is an independent predictor of mortality from DM and heart disease in both sexes. This finding may have significant implications for the identification of risk factors for DM and heart disease in patients with moderate or severe AGA, regardless of whether MetS is present.
Intermodulation distortion analysis using a frequency-domain harmonic balance technique (1988)

A simple approach to the technique of harmonic balance for nonlinear circuit analysis is presented. The algorithm operates solely in the frequency domain to simplify the resolution of the intermodulation products of two input tones with narrow frequency spacing. A description of the technique and its implementation is given. The harmonic and intermodulation products of a single-FET amplifier are calculated and the results compared with a Volterra-series analysis and experimentally measured values. A second single-FET amplifier is analyzed to show the accuracy of the prediction of gain compression with this technique. The accuracy of this technique is shown to equal that of the Volterra-series analysis used in the comparison. The ability of the frequency-domain technique to routinely analyze arbitrary circuit topologies, however, provides a definite advantage over the Volterra-series method. It is noted that, in principle, this technique can be applied to circuits with large nonlinearities; however, this has not been tested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Estimating frac fluid pathways from rapid time-lapse VSP and microseismic events (2014)

Summary Only a limited number of technologies exist to help estimate the success of hydraulic stimulation treatments. Obviously, the amount of fluid pumped into the well can be measured as well as the amount of fluid and hydrocarbon ultimately extracted from the well. But, these measurements do not tell us where the fluids have flowed within the reservoir. The locations and moment tensors derived from the recorded microseismic events allow us to look away from the borehole to describe the natural and induced fracture patterns as the rocks slip on fault and fracture planes. These tell us something about the rocks, but not necessarily about where the frac fluid and proppant have gone. A potentially promising technique of using rapid, time-lapse Vertical Seismic Profiles (VSPs) might hold the key to mapping the lateral extent of the frac fluid away from the borehole.
Primary and secondary effective charges for electrical double layer systems with asymmetric electrolytes (2001)

We show that the screening of the electrostatic potential in electrolytes can in exact theory be expressed in terms of a generalized screened Colomb potential, analogous to the Yukawa potential from the Debye–Hückel approximation, provided the source charge of the potential is renormalized. The renormalized charge distribution is identical to that of a “dressed particle” in dressed ion theory, DIT, of Kjellander and Mitchell. Using DIT we analyze the leading terms of the decay of density profiles and electrostatic potential outside a charged planar wall in contact with 1:2 electrolytes. The formalism leads in a natural manner to the definition of a primary and a secondary effective charge of an object immersed in an electrolyte. These charges are associated with the leading and second leading decay modes of the potential, which have different decay lengths. It is found that both leading terms in the decay are important; together, they give in many cases a very good representation of the density profiles and the potential for distances larger than about a couple of ionic diameters from the wall. When varying the actual (bare) surface charge density σ of the wall, two points of zero effective surface charge density are found: one at low (but nonzero) and one at high value of σ. The former occurs when the counterions are monovalent and the latter when the counterions are divalent and the electrolyte concentration is sufficiently high. Both are associated with effective charge reversals where the surface appears to attain a charge of opposite sign compared to its bare charge. The double layer interaction between two equally charged particles is attractive at large separations at a point of zero effective surface charge.
Strategic assets and organizational rent (1993)

Abstract We build on an emerging strategy literature that views the firm as a bundle of resources and capabilities, and examine conditions that contribute to the realization of sustainable economic rents. Because of (1) resource‐market imperfections and (2) discretionary managerial decisions about resource development and deployment, we expect firms to differ (in and out of equilibrium) in the resources and capabilities they control. This asymmetry in turn can be a source of sustainable economic rent. The paper focuses on the linkages between the industry analysis framework, the resource‐based view of the firm, behavioral decision biases and organizational implementation issues. It connects the concept of Strategic Industry Factors at the market level with the notion of Strategic Assets at the firm level. Organizational rent is shown to stem from imperfect and discretionary decisions to develop and deploy selected resources and capabilities, made by boundedly rational managers facing high uncertainty, complexity, and intrafirm conflict.
Studies on the Insecticidal Effect of Vaporized Pyrethroid on Cockroaches (1983)

In order to evaluate the insecticidal effect of permethrin and phthalthrin vapor on cockroaches, an apparatus was invented to keep constant the pyrethroids' concentration in air and provide a pyrethroid vapor or mist strong enough to knock down cockroaches. A relationship between the pyrethroid concentration in the air and KTX50 obtained by using this apparatus revealed a certain curve which has a point of inflection at a concentration around 100 μg/l. These relation curves gave a vivid account of the characteristic of each insecticide. Phthalthrin's remarkable KD effect upon cockroaches occurred in its higher concentration in ari, while permethrin showed prominent kill and KD effects through a wide concentration range. In all of these tests male cockroaches were more susceptible than female.
Salmonella reference collection B (SARB): strains of 37 serovars of subspecies I (1993)

A reference collection of 72 strains representing 37 serovars of Salmonella subspecies I has been established for use in research on genetic and phenotypic variation in natural populations. Included are isolates of the host-adapted serovars S. choleraesuis, S. dublin, S. gallinarum, S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B, S. paratyphi C, S. pullorum, S. sendai, S. typhi and S. typhisuis, as well as strains of S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and other commonly recovered serovars with broad host ranges. The isolates were characterized by enzyme electrophoresis for allelic variation in 25 chromosomal genes and represent 71 distinctive multilocus genotypes (electrophoretic types or ETs). Genetic relationships among the ETs are indicated in an evolutionary tree constructed by the neighbour-joining method from a matrix of Nei's standard genetic distance.
Real Time Operation of Smart Grids via FCN Networks and Optimal Power Flow (2012)

This paper proposes an Energy Management System for the optimal operation of Smart Grids and Microgrids, using Fully Connected Neuron Networks combined with Optimal Power Flow. An adaptive training algorithm based on Genetic Algorithms, Fuzzy Clustering and Neuron-by-Neuron Algorithms is used for generating new clusters and new neural networks. The proposed approach, integrating Demand Side Management and Active Management Schemes, allows significant enhancements in energy saving, customers' active participation in the open market and exploitation of renewable energy resources. The effectiveness of the proposed Energy Management System and adaptive training algorithm is verified on a 23-bus 11 kV microgrid.
PlasmoDB: the Plasmodium genome resource. A database integrating experimental and computational data (2003)

PlasmoDB (http://PlasmoDB.org) is the official database of the Plasmodium falciparum genome sequencing consortium. This resource incorporates the recently completed P. falciparum genome sequence and annotation, as well as draft sequence and annotation emerging from other Plasmodium sequencing projects. PlasmoDB currently houses information from five parasite species and provides tools for intra- and inter-species comparisons. Sequence information is integrated with other genomic-scale data emerging from the Plasmodium research community, including gene expression analysis from EST, SAGE and microarray projects and proteomics studies. The relational schema used to build PlasmoDB, GUS (Genomics Unified Schema) employs a highly structured format to accommodate the diverse data types generated by sequence and expression projects. A variety of tools allow researchers to formulate complex, biologically-based, queries of the database. A stand-alone version of the database is also available on CD-ROM (P. falciparum GenePlot), facilitating access to the data in situations where internet access is difficult (e.g. by malaria researchers working in the field). The goal of PlasmoDB is to facilitate utilization of the vast quantities of genomic-scale data produced by the global malaria research community. The software used to develop PlasmoDB has been used to create a second Apicomplexan parasite genome database, ToxoDB (http://ToxoDB.org).
[Cardiac enzymes related to high-altitude hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan chicken]. (2008)

It was concluded that the cardiac mechanisms of high-altitude hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan chickens were increasing neither heart weight, nor level of anaerobic metabolism, but the higher SDH activity was significant to the adaptation. The SDH was a symbol enzyme for hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan chicken.
Migraine prevalence. A review of population-based studies. (1994)

Obtaining accurate and reliable information on the prevalence of migraine is essential to understanding the burden it places on society. Although the epidemiology of headache has been described in more than 50 population-based studies, only 24 of these have described the gender- and age-specific prevalence of migraine. Essentially five different case definitions have been used in these studies. Variation in the prevalence of migraine among studies is largely due to differences in case definition and in the age and gender distribution of study populations. Among four recent studies that used the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS), a coherent picture emerges. The prevalence of migraine is approximately 6% among men and 15 to 17% among women. Prevalence varies by age, increasing to about age 40 years and declining thereafter in both men and women. The gender ratio also appears to vary by age, increasing from menarche to about age 42 years and declining thereafter. Although the use of the IHS criteria has resulted in a more coherent picture across population-based studies, efforts must be made to assess the reliability and validity of these criteria in population-based samples.