gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Friction of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-bead macromolecules in solution: Effects of the bead-solvent interaction (2006)

The role of the bead-solvent interaction has been studied for its influence on the dynamics of an N-bead macromolecule which is immersed into a solution. Using a Fokker-Planck equation for the phase-space distribution function of the macromolecule, we show that all the effects of the solution can be treated entirely in terms of the friction tensors which are assigned to each pair of interacting beads in the chain. For the high-density as well as for the critical solvent, the properties of these tensors are discussed in detail and are calculated by using several (realistic) choices of the bead-solvent potential. From the friction tensors, moreover, an expression for the center-of-mass friction coefficient of a (N-bead) chain macromolecule is derived. Numerical data for this coefficient for "truncated" Lennard-Jones bead-solvent potential are compared with results from molecular dynamic simulations and from the phenomenological theoretical data as found in the literature.
Humidity Effects on the Wetting Characteristics of Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) during a Lower Critical Solution Transition (2013)

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is expected to find utility in tissue engineering and drug delivery, among other biomedical applications. These applications capitalize on the intrinsic lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer: below the LCST, enthalpic gain from intermolecular hydrogen bonding between PNIPAM and water molecules dominates the solvation; above the LCST, entropic effects resulting from the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl and amide groups of PNIPAM lead to water expulsion. The dependence of the LCST upon the molecular weight, solvent, and solution activity (i.e., solute concentration) has been studied extensively. However, what has not been previously explored is the effect of humidity on the characteristic properties of the polymer. Herein, we show that the relative humidity affects the water adsorption dynamics of PNIPAM as well as the magnitude of the transition that occurs at the LCST of the polymer. In short, the magnitude of the LCST transition decreases with an increasing relative humidity, and the time period over which adsorption occurs decreases with the temperature.
Échangés, échangistes : structures dominées et structures dominantes d’échange matrimonial — Le cas guidar (2021)

Cet article tente de montrer dans un premier temps comment on a exclu les femmes de tout rôle actif dans la théorie de l’alliance : — par l’universalisation abusive de l’échange des femmes, — par la naturalisation des différences sexuelles et le présupposé qu’il existerait une solidarité naturelle de sexe qui interdirait d’être échangé et échangiste dans une même société, — enfin, par l’ignorance des formes dominées d’échange ou l’a priori qu’elles ont la même structure que la forme dominante. L’anthropologie des rôles sexuels est profondément inégale : alors que l’on a fait appel à ces formes dominées d’échange pour expliquer que l’échange des hommes n’était finalement pas vraiment un échange d’hommes ou au pire qu’il était aux mains des hommes, la mise à jour de ces formes dominées d’échange a rarement été effectuée dans le cas des femmes. La deuxième partie de cet article est consacrée à ces structures dominantes et dominées d’échange chez les Guidars du Cameroun septentrional.
L-selectin Interactions with Novel Mono- and Multisulfated Lewisx Sequences in Comparison with the Potent Ligand 3′-Sulfated Lewisa (1999)

The cell adhesion molecule L-selectin binds to 3'-sialyl-Lewis (Le)x and -Lea and to 3'-sulfo-Lex and -Lea sequences. The binding to 3'-sialyl-Lex is strongly affected by the presence of 6-O-sulfate as found on oligosaccharides of the counter receptor, GlyCAM-1; 6-O-sulfate on the N-acetylglucosamine (6-sulfation) enhances, whereas 6-O-sulfate on the galactose (6'-sulfation) virtually abolishes binding. To extend knowledge on the specificity of L-selectin, we have investigated interactions with novel sulfo-oligosaccharides based on the Lex pentasaccharide sequence. We observe that, also with 3'-sulfo-Lex, the 6-sulfation enhances and 6'-sulfation suppresses L-selectin binding. The 6'-sulfation without 3'-sialyl or 3'-sulfate gives no binding signal with L-selectin. Where the 6-sulfo,3'-sialyl-Lex is on an extended di-N-acetyllactosamine backbone, additional 6-O-sulfates on the inner galactose and inner N-acetylglucosamine do not influence the binding. Although binding to the 6,3'-sulfo-Lex and 6-sulfo, 3'-sialyl-Lex sequences is comparable, the former is a more effective inhibitor of L-selectin binding. This difference is most apparent when L-selectin is in paucivalent form (predominantly di- and tetramer) rather than multivalent. Indeed, as inhibitors of the paucivalent L-selectin, the 3'-sulfo-Lex series are more potent than the corresponding 3'-sialyl-Lex series. Thus, for synthetic strategies to design therapeutic oligosaccharide analogs as antagonists of L-selectin binding, those based on the simpler 3'-sulfo-Lex (and also the 3'-sulfo-Lea) would seem most appropriate.
Preliminary evaluation of a multichannel electrotactile speech processor (1988)

Speech discrimination testing, using both open- and closed-set materials, was carried out with four severely to profoundly hearing impaired adults and seven normally hearing subjects to assess performance of a wearable eight-channel electrotactile aid (Tickle Talker). Significant increases in speechtracking rates were noted for all subjects when using the electrotactile aid. After 70 h of training, mean tracking rate in the tactile plus lipreading condition was 55 words per minute (wpm), as compared with 36 wpm for lipreading alone, for the normally hearing group. For the hearing impaired group, the mean tracking rate in the aided condition was 37 wpm, as compared with 24 wpm for lipreading alone, following 35 h of training. Performance scores on Central Institute for the Deaf (CID) everyday sentences, Consonant Nucleus Consonant (CNC) words, and closed-set vowel and consonant identification were significantly improved when using the electrotactile aid. Performance scores, using the aid without lipreading, were well above chance on consonant and vowel identification and on elements of the Minimal Auditory Capabilities Battery. Two hearing impaired subjects have used the device satisfactorily in the home environment.
The Recent Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Low Bone Mass in the United States Based on Bone Mineral Density at the Femoral Neck or Lumbar Spine (2014)

The goal of our study was to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass based on bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck and the lumbar spine in adults 50 years and older in the United States (US). We applied prevalence estimates of osteoporosis or low bone mass at the femoral neck or lumbar spine (adjusted by age, sex, and race/ethnicity to the 2010 Census) for the noninstitutionalized population aged 50 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010 to 2010 US Census population counts to determine the total number of older US residents with osteoporosis and low bone mass. There were more than 99 million adults aged 50 years and older in the US in 2010. Based on an overall 10.3% prevalence of osteoporosis, we estimated that in 2010, 10.2 million older adults had osteoporosis. The overall low bone mass prevalence was 43.9%, from which we estimated that 43.4 million older adults had low bone mass. We estimated that 7.7 million non-Hispanic white, 0.5 million non-Hispanic black, and 0.6 million Mexican American adults had osteoporosis, and another 33.8, 2.9, and 2.0 million had low bone mass, respectively. When combined, osteoporosis and low bone mass at the femoral neck or lumbar spine affected an estimated 53.6 million older US adults in 2010. Although most of the individuals with osteoporosis or low bone mass were non-Hispanic white women, a substantial number of men and women from other racial/ethnic groups also had osteoporotic BMD or low bone mass.
Game time modelling for cheating detection in P2P MOGs (2006)

Typical cheating avoidance solutions are able to prevent cheats, often at the cost of loosing interactivity in highly distributed games. With the need for responsiveness in view, we claim that (instead of preventing the cheat) cheating detection schemes could represent profitable solutions, which enable the identification of cheaters without impeding a realtime evolution of the game. Based on a general framework able to fairly model game time advancements which was recently proposed [4], we provide evidence of its effectiveness on a specific case of time cheat termed fast rate cheat. According to this malicious scheme, players alter the event generation rate of game events. We show that detection of fast rate cheat can be easily accomplished based on the proposed framework.
An analysis of emotions and the prominence of positivity in #BlackLivesMatter tweets (2022)

Emotions are a central driving force of activism; they motivate participation in movements and encourage sustained involvement. We use natural language processing techniques to analyze emotions expressed or solicited in tweets about 2020 Black Lives Matter protests. Traditional off-the-shelf emotion analysis tools often fail to generalize to new datasets and are unable to adapt to how social movements can raise new ideas and perspectives in short time spans. Instead, we use a few-shot domain adaptation approach for measuring emotions perceived in this specific domain: tweets about protests in May 2020 following the death of George Floyd. While our analysis identifies high levels of expressed anger and disgust across overall posts, it additionally reveals the prominence of positive emotions (encompassing, e.g., pride, hope, and optimism), which are more prevalent in tweets with explicit pro-BlackLivesMatter hashtags and correlated with on the ground protests. The prevalence of positivity contradicts stereotypical portrayals of protesters as primarily perpetuating anger and outrage. Our work offers data, analyses, and methods to support investigations of online activism and the role of emotions in social movements.
Real time rectification using differentially encoded lookup table (2011)

In this paper, we propose a new real time rectification technique based on the compressed lookup table. To compress the lookup table we adopt a differential encoding. As a result, we successfully constructed the rectification with obtaining the compression ratio of 73% so as to fulfill real-time requirement (i.e., 40 fps at 74.25Mhz). Furthermore, our result on performance is comparable to the result of [17] that obtains 85fps at 90MHz for 640x512 images.
Isolation and characterization of yeast mutants deficient in adenylate cyclase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. (1982)

Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that require cAMP for growth have been isolated. Some of the mutants isolated were deficient in adenylate cyclase activity and mapped at a locus, cyr1, located near the centromere of chromosome X. Growth of cells carrying the cyr1 mutation was arrested at the G1 phase of the yeast cell cycle in the absence of cAMP. The cyr1 mutation was suppressed by a secondary mutation designated bcy1. The bcy1 mutation bypassed the need for cAMP for growth. The bcy1 mutants had extremely low levels of cAMP-binding protein and cAMP-dependent protein kinase but produced a high level of cAMP-independent protein kinase. The results indicate that cAMP is an essential factor for yeast cells to proceed through the cell cycle via the activation of protein kinase.
Weekly docetaxel as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III breast cancer: efficacy and correlation with biological markers in a phase II, multicenter study. (2003)

Weekly docetaxel appears to be very effective in the neoadjuvant setting. A high pathological response rate was achieved with tolerable toxicity.
[Drug release in vitro from digoxin formulations with high bioavailability (author's transl)]. (1980)

The drug release of four brands of digoxin tablets (A, B, C, D) with known bioavailability was examined using three liberation systems. The paddle method (1) could only ascertain a uniformly good release of all brands. A flow-cell (II) and a special method testing the supersaturation (III) indicated significant differences in drug release. Both II and III pointed to the brand having the best bioavailability. Beyond it no satisfactory correlation was found between the values of bioavailability and drug release.
In vivo assessment of the cutaneous bioavailability of topicallyapplied maxacalcitol (2005)

Maxacalcitol (22-oxacalcitriol), a vitamin D3 analogue, is widely used for the treatment of psoriasis. The effects of topical dermatologic drugs have been assessed by their pharmacodynamic activities, and concentrations in the skin correlate with these activities. In this study, we assessed the cutaneous bioavailability of topically applied maxacalcitol ointment in vivo by tape stripping. Six drug application sites were randomly assigned on the left volar forearm of six healthy men. Fifty milligrams of maxacalcitol ointment (25 microg/g) was applied to each site. After 0 (15 s), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 6 h, the ointment was gently removed, and tape stripping was performed. Maxacalcitol was extracted from the tape strips and quantified by liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry. Average concentrations of maxacalcitol in the stratum corneum (SC) were 2.61, 4.37, 6.23, 9.37, and 9.46 microg/g at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively, after drug application. The steady state was attained approx. 4 h after drug application. The cutaneous bioavailability of topical maxacalcitol ointment can be assessed by the tape-stripping method. This approach will probably be useful in the assessment of the bioequivalence of topical dermatologic products and as a parameter for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies.
Digital x‐ray imaging using amorphous selenium: Reduction of aliasing (1998)

Alias reduction is analyzed with the concept of an equivalent presampling filter, and a mathematical approach is established to find the equivalent presampling filter corresponding to specific digital image processing algorithms. The effects of different sampling period T and sampling aperture tau on aliasing artifacts and on the resultant detective quantum efficiency (DQE) for a self-scanned, flat-panel, amorphous selenium detector are obtained. Different effective apertures can be obtained from the same detector by averaging signals over adjacent pixels. It is shown that adding outputs from M adjacent pixels is equivalent to introducing an equivalent presampling filter with special properties. Appropriate selection of the averaging parameters (M and weights) is shown to reduce the aliasing artifact in the resultant image. The effect of incomplete charge collection due to geometrical effects (fill factor) is examined. It is shown that a large fill factor is desirable for aliasing reduction. The relationship between a digital filter applied to the sampled signal and its equivalent presampling analog filter is also established. Analytical formulas for the sampled spectrum of white signal and for the sampled power spectrum of white noise are obtained for aperture functions with a spatially uniform response. These formulas take into accounts aliasing artifacts, signal correlation and aperture function response, and demonstrate the dependence of sampled spectra on T and tau. With these formulas the detective quantum efficiency DQE is derived. It is shown that the resultant DQE depends only on the fill factor and the size of readout electrode tau 0, but is completely independent of the degree or type of pixel averaging. That is, even though the pixel averaging method reduces aliasing it leaves DQE (omega) unchanged. When significant amplifier noise is present the DQE obtained with the pixel averaging method can be better than those obtained with an analog presampling filter. Finally, it is pointed out that the requirement of reducing aliasing artifacts conflicts with other requirements for a detector such as maximizing modulation transfer function (MTF). A careful and practical compromise has to be made by a detector designer in choosing the extent to which the aliasing artifacts are eliminated.
Frequency-Domain Pre-Equalization for Multicode Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signal Transmission (2005)

Severe frequency-selective fading, encountered in a broadband wireless mobile communication, significantly degrades the bit error rate (BER) performance of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal transmission with rake combining. In this paper, frequency-domain pre-equalization transmission, called pre-FDE transmission, is presented for orthogonal multicode DSSS signal transmission. It is confirmed by the computer simulation that pre-FDE transmission can achieve a BER performance almost identical to that attainable by FDE reception.
Sharp tipped plastic hollow microneedle array by microinjection moulding (2011)

A method of producing sharp tipped plastic hollow microneedle arrays using microinjection moulding is presented in this paper. Unlike traditional approaches, three mould inserts were used to create the sharp tips of the microneedles. Mould inserts with low surface roughness were fabricated using a picosecond laser machine. Sharp tipped plastic hollow microneedles 500 ?hm in height were fabricated using a microinjection moulding machine developed by the authors group. In addition, the strength of the microneedle was studied by simulation and penetration experiments. Results show that the microneedles can penetrate into skin, delivering liquid successfully without any breakage or severe deformation. Techniques presented in this paper can be used to fabricate sharp tipped plastic hollow microneedle arrays massively with low cost.
Performance versus moment of inertia of sporting implements (2009)

A review is presented of the importance of the moment of inertia (MOI) to the performance of a sporting instrument. It is shown that for a given coefficient of restitution (COR), both the intrinsic power and the swing speed of a tennis racquet or baseball bat correlate strongly with the MOI about an axis through the handle and only weakly with the mass. It is further shown that for non‐wood baseball bats approved for use in college baseball in the USA, batted ball speed is a stronger function of COR than of MOI. When comparing two implements with the same MOI, the primary factor affecting performance is the COR, which can be enhanced by means of the trampoline effect. A new method of matching the MOI of a set of golf clubs is also described.
A bayesian approach to an optimal ARQ number in data transmission (1993)

Abstract The automatic repeat request (ARQ) system is one of the means to achieve a high reliability in the data transmission system. In this system the data are retransmitted for a certain number of times when an error is produced due to the disconnection, noise, or distortion in the data communication channel; thus, the correct transmission is achieved. However, when a correct transmission cannot be achieved due to the incorrect data format or a fault of the channel, it is necessary that the retransmission be terminated as soon as possible, examine the data format or channel state, or switch the channel to another. In such a case, the behavior of the system depends greatly on the upper‐limit set for the number of repeat requests. At the present state, however, the upper limit for the number of repeat requests is determined empirically with little theoretical basis. This paper introduces the subjective probability from the viewpoint of the Bayesian theory for the probability that the data transmission is made physically impossible due to the fault of the channel or other factors. To set a reasonable value for the number of repeat requests, the expected cost for the data transmission is formulated and the optimal number of repeat requests to minimize the cost is investigated. By numerical examples, the features of the proposed method are discussed.
DNA damage-associated dysregulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis control in cells with germ-line p53 mutation. (1997)

Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) with heterozygous p53 mutations at residues 286A, 133R, 282W, 132E, and 213ter were established from five independent Li-Fraumeni syndrome families. When cell cycle regulation in response to gamma-irradiation was studied, these LCLs showed an abnormal G1 checkpoint associated with defective inhibition of cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity in all cases except for 282W LCL, which showed a normal G1 checkpoint. On the other hand, the control of S-phase-G2 as determined by cyclin A/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity was defective in all these LCLs. The mitotic checkpoint was also defective in the two LCLs analyzed as either competent or incompetent for G1 arrest. When radiation-induced apoptosis, which requires wild-type p53 function under optimal conditions, was studied, all of these LCLs showed significant failure compared to normal LCLs. These findings indicate that although p53-dependent transactivation and G1-S-phase cell cycle control are variably dysregulated, the induction of apoptosis and control of the cell cycle at S-phase-G2 and the mitotic checkpoint in response to DNA-damaging agents are consistently dysregulated in heterozygous mutant LCLs. This suggests that these dysfunctions underlie, at least in part, the susceptibility of Li-Fraumeni syndrome families to cancer. Furthermore, the approach presented is a potentially useful method for studying individual carriers of different germ-line p53 mutations and different biological features.
Differentiation between MHC‐restricted and non‐MHC‐restricted porcine cytolytic T lymphocytes (1996)

The immune system of swine is unique in that the expression of CD4 and CD8 antigens defines four subpopulations of resting extrathymic T lymphocytes. Beyond phenotypic differences to other species, porcine T lymphocytes, particularly when derived from infected animals, are known to show high non-specific cytolytic in vitro activity. Here we describe the putative porcine CD6 antigen (workshop CD6; wCD6) which enables a phenotypic separation of T lymphocytes responsible for major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted and non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity. The putative porcine CD6 analogue, wCD6, a protein with a molecular mass of 110,000, shows high specificity for T lymphocytes and is neither expressed on B lymphocytes nor on cells of the myeloid lineage. In the extrathymic T-lymphocyte compartment wCD6 characterizes two T-lymphocyte fractions: wCD6+ T lymphocytes including both CD4+ T-helper cell subpopulations (CD4+CD8- and CD4+CD8+) and within the CD4-CD8+ fraction cells with high CD8 antigen density. In contrast the CD4-CD8- gamma/delta T-cell receptor (TCR) subset and CD4-CD8+ cells with low CD8 antigen density are included in the wCD6- T-lymphocyte fraction. Functional studies with separated wCD6 fractions revealed that the wCD6- cells can be characterized by spontaneous and non-MHC restricted cytolytic activity, whereas the wCD6+ T lymphocytes are responsible for MHC-restricted T-cell functions. Thus, the porcine wCD6 is an important antigen to discriminate between MHC-restricted and non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity.