gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersion of particulate additives in rubber using the batch operated internal mixer : a study of flow behaviour and properties of rubber mixes (1978)

As an aid to understanding the mechanics of mixing in an internal\nmixer laboratory scale trials have been carried out using a mixer having\na transparent plastics chamber. The use of a transparent rubber and\ncoloured 'markers' then permitted direct viewing of the characteristic\nflow patterns deriving from the use of three fill factors. These mixing trials have indicated the rheological properties\nwhich must be measured in order to predict the mixing behaviour of a\nrubber. Also considerable information is contained in the visualisations\nwhich will aid further work into control and instrumentation strategies\nand into fundamental design/mathematical modelling studies. A laboratory Banbury mixer and Brabender Plastograph are used to\nprepare the rubber compounds which are then characterised for the\ndispersion of compounding ingredients. For carbon black dispersion\nstudies several techniques are employed. Capillary rheometry is used\nto study their stress-strain rate relationships and to obtain die swell, shear and tensile properties. Creep and elongational tests are also\ncarried out on uncured mixes. In addition measurements on Mooney\nviscometer, Monsanto rheometer and analysis of bound rubber are made.\nThese tests for filler dispersion are supported by microscopic examination\nof microtomed sections. Work is also geared to examine properties\nthat are not only sensitive to changes in levels of carbon black\ndispersion but also that which are readily measured and can be used in\nindustry. Measurements of mechanical phase angle and electrical\nresistivity are considered. Dispersion of non-black compounding ingredients\nis studied by X-ray microradiographic technique and the analysis\nof vulcanisate properties. To relate the performance of the Plastograph and Banbury mix the\nconcept of mixing energy per unit volume of material is used.
Fibrous selective emitter structures from sol-gel process (1999)

Selective emitters have the potential benefit of high efficiency due to the matching of emission spectra to the response of photovoltaic (PV) cells. Continuous uniform rare-earth oxide selective emitter fibers were successfully fabricated using a viscous solution made from metal organic precursors. Cylindrical- and planar configuration emitter structures were made by direct cross-winding or stacking of precursor fiber layers. The combustion and optical performance of the planar emitter structures were tested. The results indicates that both the designing of the fiber packing density and the thickness is critical for high photon and power output.
The inhibition of xanthine oxidase by acetaldehyde in aqueous solution. (1996)

Xanthine oxidase (XO), catalyzes the sequential oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid. The enzyme also catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. In the present work we investigate the extent of inhibition of the xanthine oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of hypoxanthine by acetaldehyde/acetaldehyde hydrate system. At room temperature, aqueous solutions of acetaldehyde exist as equilibrated mixtures containing similar quantities of the aldehyde, CH3CHO and its hydrate CH3CH(OH)2. To determine whether acetaldehyde or its hydrate interacts with the enzyme to cause inhibition, the time course of enzymatic inhibition was observed in deoxygenated solutions of xanthine oxidase initially incubated with neat acetaldehyde and compared to that in which the enzyme was initially incubated with aqueous solutions containing both the aldehyde and its hydrate. Our results show that unhydrated acetaldehyde inhibits XO and that the inhibition of the XO-catalyzed oxidation of hypoxanthine progressively increases as the aldehyde is incubated with the enzyme. The data, taken together, suggest that enzymatic inhibition is the result of the reversible formation of covalently bound XO-acetaldehyde inhibitory compound. This investigation also demonstrates that the enzymatic oxidations of hypoxanthine and acetaldehyde take place on the same active site in XO.
Fabrication of Flexible MoS<sub>2</sub> Thin‐Film Transistor Arrays for Practical Gas‐Sensing Applications (2012)

By combining two kinds of solution-processable two-dimensional materials, a flexible transistor array is fabricated in which MoS(2) thin film is used as the active channel and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film is used as the drain and source electrodes. The simple device configuration and the 1.5 mm-long MoS(2) channel ensure highly reproducible device fabrication and operation. This flexible transistor array can be used as a highly sensitive gas sensor with excellent reproducibility. Compared to using rGO thin film as the active channel, this new gas sensor exhibits much higher sensitivity. Moreover, functionalization of the MoS(2) thin film with Pt nanoparticles further increases the sensitivity by up to ∼3 times. The successful incorporation of a MoS(2) thin-film into the electronic sensor promises its potential application in various electronic devices.
Stochastic representation of conceptual structure in the ATIS task (1991)

We propose a model for a statistical representation of the conceptual structure in a restricted subset of spoken natural language. The model is used for segmenting a sentence into phrases and labeling them with concept relations (or cases). The model is trained using a corpus of annotated transcribed sentences. The performance of the model was assessed on two tasks, including DARPA ATIS class A sentences.
Uses of inorganic hypochlorite (bleach) in health-care facilities (1997)

Hypochlorite has been used as a disinfectant for more than 100 years. It has many of the properties of an ideal disinfectant, including a broad antimicrobial activity, rapid bactericidal action, reasonable persistence in treated potable water, ease of use, solubility in water, relative stability, relative nontoxicity at use concentrations, no poisonous residuals, no color, no staining, and low cost. The active species is undissociated hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Hypochlorites are lethal to most microbes, although viruses and vegetative bacteria are more susceptible than endospore-forming bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Activity is reduced by the presence of heavy metal ions, a biofilm, organic material, low temperature, low pH, or UV radiation. Clinical uses in health-care facilities include hyperchlorination of potable water to prevent Legionella colonization, chlorination of water distribution systems used in hemodialysis centers, cleaning of environmental surfaces, disinfection of laundry, local use to decontaminate blood spills, disinfection of equipment, decontamination of medical waste prior to disposal, and dental therapy. Despite the increasing availability of other disinfectants, hypochlorites continue to find wide use in hospitals.
Expression of Prenylated Rab Acceptor 1 Domain Family, Member 2 (PRAF2) in Neuroblastoma: Correlation with Clinical Features, Cellular Localization, and Cerulenin-Mediated Apoptosis Regulation (2007)

Elevated PRAF2 expression levels correlated with unfavorable genetic and clinical features, suggesting PRAF2 as a candidate prognostic marker of neuroblastoma.
Enhanced Stability of PEG-<i>block</i>-poly(<i>N</i>-hexyl stearate <scp>l</scp>-aspartamide) Micelles in the Presence of Serum Proteins (2010)

Polyethylene glycol-phospholipid micelles form a major class of nanocarriers in pharmacy and medicine due to proven capability in drug solubilization, sustained drug release, and evidence for targeted drug delivery in vivo. In this report, we have prepared micelles composed of PEG-block-poly(N-hexyl stearate l-aspartamide) (PEG-b-PHSA), having nine stearic acid side chains, and have studied their stability in the presence of serum proteins by Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments. In the presence of serum albumin, alpha and beta globulins, or gamma globulins, there are minimal changes in FRET over two hours in vitro, indicating integrity of PEG-b-PHSA micelles. In contrast, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-5000] (PEG-DSPE) micelles lose FRET over two hours in vitro, especially in the presence of alpha and beta globulins, indicating the disruption of PEG-DSPE micelles and leakage of fluorescent probes. Owing to the aliphatic nature of DSPE and PHSA, both PEG-b-PHSA and PEG-DSPE micelles efficiently solubilize amphotericin B (AmB), a poorly water-soluble antifungal agent used to combat systemic mycoses. However, only PEG-b-PHSA micelles gradually liberate AmB in the presence of alpha and beta globulins, based on time-dependent changes in the self-aggregation state of AmB, monitored by UV/vis spectroscopy. PEG-b-PHSA micelles are remarkably stable in the presence of serum proteins and a more stable alternative for poorly water-soluble drugs, which have been solubilized by PEG-DSPE micelles.
Evolution of sequences encoding the principal neutralization epitope of human immunodeficiency virus 1 is host dependent, rapid, and continuous. (1990)

The principal neutralization epitope of human immunodeficiency virus 1 is localized in the third variable (V3) domain of the external envelope and has been shown to bind isolate-specific antibodies. Therefore, the extent of variation within the nucleic acid sequence encoding this epitope was studied in DNA directly obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of six children and their plasma donor. This revealed that the quasi-species distribution of sequences obtained after cloning varied from recipient to recipient and that the distance from the donor sequences increased over time. V3 nucleotide evolution rates averaged 9.5 x 10(-3) per site per year for silent sites and 11.4 x 10(-3) per site per year for nonsilent sites (vs. 9.7 and 9.8 x 10(-3) per site per year for a control region 5' adjacent to the V3 region) and, although individual differences were observed, did not correlate with the serum antigen levels or disease progression. Sequences of both the epitope coding region itself (V3) and the control region upstream diverted more from the donor sequence among children not progressing to AIDS than among children progressing to AIDS. The evolution of V3 sequences is apparently host dependent, rapid, and independent of the level of antigen expression.
Development of an extrusion rheometer suitable for on‐line rheological measurements (1975)

Abstract A new type of extrusion rheometer has been designed which employs dual slit geometry with a double valve. The double valve concept allows a change in flow rates through the slits, while the total extruder flow rate remains constant thus leaving extruder operating conditions unchanged. Electronic pressure transducers are mounted along the slit to record axial pressure distribution. Flow rates are measured by weighing polymer output and wall shear stresses are calculated from the axial pressure profiles. Exit pressures are derived from extrapolating the pressure profile to the slit exit and from this information the normal stresses can be determined.
Sequence requirements for encapsidation of deletion mutants and chimeras of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag precursor into retrovirus-like particles (1995)

Interacting domains in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag precursor (Pr55gag) expressed in recombinant baculovirus-infected cells were investigated by three different methods: (i) trans rescue and coencapsidation of C-terminal deletion (amber) Gag mutants and Gag chimeras into retrovirus-like particles in complementation experiments with HIV-1 wild-type (WT) Pr55gag, (ii) Gag-Gag interactions in vitro in Gag ligand affinity blotting assays, and (iii) quantitative immunoelectron microscopy of retrovirus-like Gag particles, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to probe the epitope accessibility of encapsidated HIV-1 WT Pr55gag. Four discrete regions, within residues 210 to 241, 277 to 306 (major homology region), and 307 to 333 in the capsid (CA) protein and residues 358 to 374 at the CA-spacer peptide 2 (sp2) junction, were found to have a significant influence on Gag trans-packaging efficiency. A fifth region, within residues 375 to 426, overlapping the sp2-nucleocapsid (NC) protein junction and most of the NC, seemed to be essential for stable inter-Gag binding in vitro. The coincidence of the two regions from 358 to 374 and 375 to 426 with an immunologically silent domain in WT Gag particles suggested that they could participate in direct Gag interactions.
Photoelectrochemistry in particulate systems. 11. Reduction of phenosafranin dye in colloidal titanium dioxide and cadmium sulfide suspensions (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoelectrochemistry in particulate systems. 11. Reduction of phenosafranin dye in colloidal titanium dioxide and cadmium sulfide suspensionsK. R. Gopidas and Prashant V. KamatCite this: Langmuir 1989, 5, 1, 22–26Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00085a005https://doi.org/10.1021/la00085a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Physical Model of High Temperature 4H-SiC MOSFETs (2008)

A comprehensive physical model for the analysis, characterization, and design of 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs has been developed. The model has been verified for an extensive range of bias conditions and temperatures. It incorporates details of interface trap densities, Coulombic interface trap scattering, surface roughness scattering, phonon scattering, velocity saturation, and their dependences on bias and temperature. The physics-based models were implemented into our device simulator that is tailored for 4H-SiC MOSFET analysis. By using a methodology of numerical modeling, simulation, and close correlation with experimental data, values for various physical parameters governing the operation of 4H-SiC MOSFETs, including the temperature-dependent interface trap density of states, the root-mean-square height and correlation length of the surface roughness, and the electron saturation velocity in the channel and its dependence on temperature, have been extracted. Coulomb scattering and surface roughness scattering limit surface mobility for a wide range of temperatures in the subthreshold and linear regions of device operation, whereas the saturation velocity and the high-field mobility limit current in the saturation region.
An adaptive incremental redundancy selective-repeat ARQ scheme for finite buffer receivers (1991)

An incremental redundancy selective-repeat ARQ (automatic-repeat-request) scheme, called the AIR (adaptive incremental redundancy) scheme, for use in systems with limited buffer receivers, based on the use of punctured convolutional codes, is introduced. Its throughput is compared to that of E. J. Weldon's (1982) scheme and a type-II ARQ scheme studied previously by the authors (1990). The AIR scheme is found to have a relatively good throughput over a wide range of channel conditions, thus making it attractive for use on time-varying channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Protective effect of an oral natural phytonutrient in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a 12-month study. (2012)

The aim of the present study is to assess the clinical efficacy of a phytocompound with antimicotic properties (K-712, with the following 100 mg composition: 10 mg of oleoresin from Pseudowintera colorata at 30 percent concentration in Polygodial together with trace amounts of Olea europea) in recurrent vulvo-vaginal candidiasis (RVVC) as compared to an azole drug during a 12-month period: 6 months of treatment followed by 6 months of observation. This prospective randomized study involved 82 women (19-61 years) with complaints of abnormal vaginal discharge and with a history of at least four proven episodes of RVVC in the previous 12 months. Patients were divided into two groups of treatment of 41 patients each and were given: A) Itraconazole 200 mg orally daily for 4 days, then 200 mg once weekly for 6 months or B) 1 tablet twice a day of a K-712 for 4 weeks and then for the first 2 weeks of each month for a total of 6 months. Both groups were then followed-up for further 6 months. Each treatment schedule was well tolerated with only 4 patients in the azole group complaining of transient mild symptoms (nausea, abdominal discomfort, unpleasant taste). Itraconazole reached an earlier symptomatic relief during the first two weeks of observation as compared with K-712 (p<0.05) but both treatments enabled a comparable benefit during the entire treatment study period, afterwards with comparable symptom/sign score (itraconazole vs K-712: 9 vs 11). At 6-month observation, mycological cure was reached by 83 percent in the itraconazole group and in 78 percent of the K-712-treated patients. During the further 6-month observation period without treatment, the itraconazole group showed significantly more relapses (65.7 vs 34.2 in K-712, p<0.05) and at the end of the whole 12-month study period the mycological cure was significantly higher in the K-712-treated patients (65.8 vs 34.3 percent, p<0.05). There was a non- significant trend increase of less drug-susceptible species in the itraconazole group. From these preliminary data it would appear that a natural antifungal phytocompound proves to be as good as itraconazole in the maintenance treatment of RVVC. Moreover, this approach seems to maintain a higher mycological success rate afterwards by reducing the number of relapses and probably of the growth of azole-resistant species.
Random Affine Iterated Function Systems: Mixing and Encoding (1992)

This paper is concerned with a probabilistic algorithm for image generation. The simplest form of the algorithm is illustrated in Fig. 1. The leaf is generated as follows. Pick any point X 0 ∈ ℝ2. There are four affine transformations T : x → A x + b listed on top of this Fig., and four probabilities p i underneath them. Choose one of these transformations at random, according to the probabilities p i — say T k is chosen, and apply it to X 0, thereby obtaining X 1 = T k X 0. Then choose a transformation again at random, independent of the previous choice, and apply it to X 1, thereby obtaining X 2. Continue in this fashion, and plot the orbit {X n }. The result is the leaf shown. By tabulating the frequencies with which the points X n fall into the various pixels of the graphics window, one can actually plot the empirical distribution $${1 \over {n + 1}}\sum\nolimits_{k = 0}^n {{\delta _{{X_k}}}} $$ , using a grey scale to convert statistical frequency to color. The darker portions of the leaf correspond to high probability density.
Experimental Cryptorchidism in the Adult Mouse: II. A Hormonal Study (1990)

Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels and secretory capacity of the in vitro stimulated testis were determined in control and bilateral cryptorchid mice after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. In a separate study, serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were measured in unilateral and bilateral cryptorchid, hemicastrate, and bilaterally castrate adult mice after 28 days of treatment. Serum FSH levels were significantly increased in bilaterally cryptorchid mice compared to controls (0 days) at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, but serum LH and testosterone levels did not change. At 28 days, the elevated serum FSH levels in the unilateral and bilateral cryptorchid mice were not different than those in hemicastrate mice. However, the FSH levels in bilaterally castrate mice after 28 days were significantly higher than all other groups. Serum LH and testosterone levels were significantly different only in the bilaterally castrate group, compared to control levels. Both the normal and cryptorchid testes of all ages studied were capable of producing equal levels of testosterone in vitro, both basally and with a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) dose of 700 mIU/ml (maximum stimulatory dose for both the normal and the 28 day cryptorchid testes). Changes that occur in mice with experimentally induced cryptorchidism are not identical to those seen in the rat. Serum FSH levels increase, but no changes occur in serum LH and testosterone levels. Additionally, a cryptorchid mouse testis is not hyperresponsive to hCG stimulation in vitro.
Analysis and Design of a 1-MHz Bidirectional Multi-<i>CLLC</i> Resonant DC–DC Converter With GaN Devices (2019)

A 1-MHz half-bridge high-gain multi-CLLC bidirectional resonant converter with (gallium nitride) GaN field effect transistor (FETs) and integrated planar magnetics is proposed in this paper. It presents excellent gain characteristic and high power density, which is very suitable for a distributed energy storage system. The operation principle, topology features, and parameter design method of the converter are discussed in detail. The improved winding method of integrated planar magnetics is also elaborated. And then, a 400-W prototype is established and the corresponding experiments are carried out in 1 MHz. Finally, the accuracy and correctness of the theory are verified and the highest efficiency of the converter can reach 94.3%.
Einführung (1994)

In diesem Buch werden eine Integraltransformation und ihre diskreten Versionen vorgestellt, die in den letzten Jahren neue Aspekte in die Analyse und Synthese von Signalen, in die Mustererkennung sowie Datenkompression [92, 93, 142], in die Numerik [11, 26, 72, 139], in die Quantenfeldtheorie [8], in die Akustik [59, 76] und viele andere Gebiete gebracht haben.