gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Marine Technology and Policy in 2005: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges (2005)

Recent seminal studies of national ocean policy have focused the attention of the marine science and technology communities on the possibility of outcomes in the near future. The U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy offered over two hundred recommendations, and has raised expectations for a period of heightened ocean interest. In response to the policy recommendations of the Commission, the President has set certain policies through his December 2004 Executive Order on Ocean Policy and through the issuance of the U.S. Ocean Action Plan. This Plan holds promise for the technology community. With the opportunities of technology advancement, however, come the uncertainties of change. Using the Integrated Ocean Observing System as an example of beneficial change, both in collection methodologies and integration of science data, and in proposing the legal complexities of Autonomous Undersea Vehicle strandings and unwanted recovery, the authors demonstrate examples of the benefits and uncertainties ahead, all of which comprise opportunity.
High Energy Rechargeable Li-S Cells for EV Application: Status, Remaining Problems and Solutions (2010)

The primary mechanisms limiting lithium sulfur (Li-S) cell cycle life and thermal stability are discussed. Two major cycle life limiting mechanisms are identified: development of rough surface morphology on the metallic lithium anode with cycling; and depletion of lithium and electrolyte components through chemical reaction. The approach taken here to mitigate these problems, by employing physical protection, including multi-functional membrane assemblies and non-isotropic pressure is presented. Sulfur utilization of 92%, at C/5 discharge rates, increased cycle life and elimination of thermal runaway in 300 mAh Li-S cells was achieved.
Zur Chemie der kondensierten Phosphate und Arsenate. XVII. Der Verlauf und die Produkte der Entwässerung der Monophosphorsäure H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (1957)

Abstract Bei der thermischen Entwässerung der Monophosphorsäure bilden sich Gemische von Polyphosphorsäuren mit linearen Kettenanionen, solange der P 2 O 5 ‐Gehalt ≤ ∼ 85% bleibt. Bei höheren P 2 O 5 ‐Gehalten treten auch vernetzte Phosphorsäuren auf. Die Zusammensetzung der Entwässerungsprodukte entspricht Gleichgewichten zwischen den verschiedenen Polyphosphorsäuren. Auch auf andere Weise hergestellte P 2 O 5 –H 2 O‐Schmelzen haben bei gleichem P 2 O 5 ‐Gehalt dieselbe Zusammensetzung. Alle Schmelzen, auch die P 2 O 5 ‐reichsten, enthalten noch H 3 PO 4 und diejenigen, deren P 2 O 5 ‐Gehalt nicht gt; 83% ist, nicht konstitutionell gebundenes Wasser. Aus reiner H 3 PO 4 läßt sich auf thermischem Wege keine reine Polyphosphorsäure einheitlichen Kondensationsgrades herstellen. Die Zusammensetzungen der einzelnen Schmelzen ergeben sich aus der quantitativen chromatographischen Analyse. Kurz eingegangen wird auf die Bildung wasserhaltiger Kalium‐Polyphosphate, die Umwandlung K‐Polyphosphat ⇄ Na‐Polyphosphat und einen Vergleich zwischen dem Verlauf der Entwässerung der H 3 PO 4 = H[H 2 PO 4 ] und Li[H 2 PO 4 ], der bei beiden Substanzen praktisch gleich ist.
Agricultural chemicals in ground water: Preventing contamination by removing barriers against low-input farm management (1987)

Abstract Agricultural pesticides and fertilizers have contaminated ground water in areas throughout the U.S. This contamination may adversely affect more than 50 million people. The cost of monitoring to determine the extent of ground water contamination in vulnerable areas is likely to exceed one billion dollars. To reduce the possibility of contamination farmers can adopt “low-input” production methods. Unfortunately, several factors inhibit farmers from adopting low-input methods. These factors include the tendency of farmers to ignore the external costs of agrichemical use, especially environmental damage, the lack of up-to-date information describing low-input farming techniques, and government support programs that indirectly discourage farmers from adopting low-input methods. The federal government can take several steps to eliminate these obstacles. Farm support programs can be changed to eliminate incentives that encourage heavy agrichemical use and to require more stringent environmental compliance to be eligible for program benefits. Taxes can be imposed on agrichemicals to offset their external costs and to provide new funds for research on alternatives. Finally, current agricultural research priorities can be shifted to emphasize low-input production methods.
Characterization of acrylic resins and fluoroelastomer blends as potential materials in stone protection (2000)

Films of blends of Paraloid® B72 (copolymer of ethyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate) and Tecnoflon NM® (copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene) with different compositions were investigated by means of FT-IR spectroscopy and FT-IR microspectroscopy before and after UV and thermal treatments. Preliminary results of DSC measurements are also reported. Paraloid B72 has been extensively applied as a protective agent for stone since the 1950s. More recently considerable research has also been carried out on the application of fluorinated polymers in the field of stone conservation, eg the fluoroelastomer Tecnoflon®. A high content of Tecnoflon with respect to Paraloid increases the stability of the blends when they are submitted to UV radiation and thermal treatments. A THF solution of a blend of this kind was successfully applied to a marble surface of the Saint Maria Cathedral in Lucca, Tuscany, Italy. The changes in the properties of such mixtures with different compositions can offer new possibilities in developing suitable protective materials. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Measurement of Length of Hyperdense MCA Sign in Acute Ischemic Stroke Predicts Disappearance after IV tPA (2013)

HMCAS length >10 mm infrequently disappears with IV tPA suggesting a potential need for ancillary therapy in this group.
Effects of Multispecies Probiotic Combination on <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection In Vitro (2008)

Probiotic bacteria alleviate many gastrointestinal symptoms, but the current trend of combining bacteria for additional benefit may make their effects more complex. We characterize four probiotics and their combination in terms of pathogen adhesion, barrier function, cell death, and inflammatory response in Helicobacter pylori-infected epithelial cells. H. pylori-infected Caco-2 cells were pretreated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lc705, Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii Js, Bifidobacterium breve Bb99, or all four organisms in combination. We evaluated the adhesion of H. pylori by in situ immunofluorescence; epithelial barrier function by measurement of transepithelial resistance; apoptosis by measurement of caspase 3 activation; cell membrane leakage by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase release; and inflammation by measurement of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-10, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) release. All probiotics inhibited H. pylori adhesion. L. rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus Lc705, P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii Js, and the combination inhibited H. pylori-induced cell membrane leakage. L. rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus Lc705, and the combination initially improved epithelial barrier function but increased the H. pylori-induced barrier deterioration after incubation for 24 to 42 h. L. rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus Lc705, and P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii Js inhibited H. pylori-induced IL-8 release, whereas L. rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus Lc705, and B. breve Bb99 suppressed PGE(2) release. None of these anti-inflammatory effects persisted when the probiotics were used in combination. The combination thus increased the levels of IL-8, PGE(2), and LTB(4) released from H. pylori-infected epithelial cells. The proinflammatory actions of the individual components dominated the anti-inflammatory effects when the probiotic bacteria were used in combination. Our results stress that the therapeutic response can be optimized if probiotic strains are characterized before they are used in combination.
Drone Obstacle Avoidance and Navigation Using Artificial Intelligence (2018)

This thesis presents an implementation and integration of a robust obstacle avoidance and navigation module with ardupilot. It explores the problems in the current solution of obstacle avoidance and tries to mitigate it with a new design. With the recent innovation in artificial intelligence, it also explores opportunities to enable and improve the functionalities of obstacle avoidance and navigation using AI techniques. Understanding different types of sensors for both navigation and obstacle avoidance is required for the implementation of the design and a study of the same is presented as a background. A research on an autonomous car is done for better understanding autonomy and learning how it is solving the problem of obstacle avoidance and navigation. The implementation part of the thesis is focused on the design of a robust obstacle avoidance module and is tested with obstacle avoidance sensors such as Garmin lidar and Realsense r200. Image segmentation is used to verify the possibility of using the convolutional neural network for better understanding the nature of obstacles. Similarly, the end to end control with a single camera input using a deep neural network is used for verifying the possibility of using AI for navigation. In the end, a robust obstacle avoidance library is developed and tested both in the simulator and real drone. Image segmentation is implemented, deployed and tested. A possibility of an end to end control is also verified by obtaining a proof of concept.
Type III restriction endonuclease EcoP15I is a heterotrimeric complex containing one Res subunit with several DNA-binding regions and ATPase activity (2011)

For efficient DNA cleavage, the Type III restriction endonuclease EcoP15I communicates with two inversely oriented recognition sites in an ATP-dependent process. EcoP15I consists of methylation (Mod) and restriction (Res) subunits forming a multifunctional enzyme complex able to methylate or to cleave DNA. In this study, we determined by different analytical methods that EcoP15I contains a single Res subunit in a Mod(2)Res stoichiometry. The Res subunit comprises a translocase (Tr) domain carrying functional motifs of superfamily 2 helicases and an endonuclease domain with a PD..D/EXK motif. We show that the isolated Tr domain retains ATP-hydrolyzing activity and binds single- and double-stranded DNA in a sequence-independent manner. To localize the regions of DNA binding, we screened peptide arrays representing the entire Res sequence for their ability to interact with DNA. We discovered four DNA-binding regions in the Tr domain and two DNA-binding regions in the endonuclease domain. Modelling of the Tr domain shows that these multiple DNA-binding regions are located on the surface, free to interact with DNA. Interestingly, the positions of the DNA-binding regions are conserved among other Type III restriction endonucleases.
Quantum coins (2010)

One of the earliest cryptographic applications of quantum information was to create quantum digital cash that could not be counterfeited. In this paper, we describe a new type of quantum money: quantum coins, where all coins of the same denomination are represented by identical quantum states. We state desirable security properties such as anonymity and unforgeability and propose two candidate quantum coin schemes: one using black box operations, and another using blind quantum computation.
C‐Terminal Fluorescence Labeling of Proteins for Interaction Studies on the Single‐Molecule Level (2006)

Homogeneously labeled protein samples are generated by expressed protein ligation for studying protein interactions. Miniscule amounts of samples are used in single-molecule-sensitive measurements and fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments.
High Performance Airgap Heat Shields Using Blow-Molded Roll-Bond Aluminum Technology (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new Blow-Molded Roll-Bond (BMRB) aluminum technology has been developed to produce a durable, light-weight, double-wall heat shield with high performance characteristics. The resulting heat shield product is known as an Airgap heat shield. Theoretical results indicate that radiation heat shields should be made from materials with low emissivity and designed to maintain low emissivity levels. Wind tunnel testing showed that Airgap heat shields provide adequate thermal protection and road test results verified the thermal performance and durability of these heat shields. This heat shield technology is currently being used for volume production on a minivan platform.</div>
Reductive Coupling Cyclization of 1,1‐Dicyanoalkenes Promoted by Sm<sup>0</sup>/cat. HgCl<sub>2</sub> System (2002)

Abstract The intermolecular reductive coupling cyclization reactions of 1,1‐dicyanoalkenes promoted by Sm 0 /cat. HgCl 2 were studied. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed.
CCL2 Is Associated with a Faster Rate of Cognitive Decline during Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease (2012)

Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2)-signaling can mediate accumulation of microglia at sites affected by neuroinflammation. CCR2 and its main ligand CCL2 (MCP-1) might also be involved in the altered metabolism of beta-amyloid (Aβ) underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). We therefore measured the levels of CCL2 and three other CCR2 ligands, i.e. CCL11 (eotaxin), CCL13 (MCP-4) and CCL26 (eotaxin-3), in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 30 controls and 119 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline. During clinical follow-up 52 MCI patients were clinically stable for five years, 47 developed AD (i.e. cases with prodromal AD at baseline) and 20 developed other dementias. Only CSF CCL26 was statistically significantly elevated in patients with prodromal AD when compared to controls (p = 0.002). However, in patients with prodromal AD, the CCL2 levels in CSF at baseline correlated with a faster cognitive decline during follow-up (r(s) = 0.42, p = 0.004). Furthermore, prodromal AD patients in the highest tertile of CSF CCL2 exhibited a significantly faster cognitive decline (p<0.001) and developed AD dementia within a shorter time period (p<0.003) compared to those in the lowest tertile. Finally, in the entire MCI cohort, CSF CCL2 could be combined with CSF Tau, P-tau and Aβ42 to predict both future conversion to AD and the rate of cognitive decline. If these results are corroborated in future studies, CCL2 in CSF could be a candidate biomarker for prediction of future disease progression rate in prodromal AD. Moreover, CCR2-related signaling pathways might be new therapeutic targets for therapies aiming at slowing down the disease progression rate of AD.
SU-E-T-64: Quantitative Assessment of Dose Differences Between CT and Cone-Beam CT Using Pencil Beam Convolution and Analytical Anisotropic Algorithms (2011)

Purpose: To quantify the dose differences between cone-beam CT (CBCT) and conventional CT (CT) using dose calculation with pencil beam convolution (PBC) and analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA). Methods: CBCT obtained from a kV on-board imager integrated with a Varian Trilogy linear accelerator was used for dose calculation. CBCT and CT images for 8 lungs, 1 lumbar spine, and 1 liver cancer patients were used in this study. The clinical treatment plans were initially calculated on conventional CT and then transferred to CBCT. The PBC and AAA algorithms in Eclipse treatment planning system were used for dose calculation. All clinical and physical parameters including structures, beams and leaf sequences from the initial plan were preserved on CBCT. The differences between two-dimensional dose distributions from CT and CBCT were calculated using PBC and AAA. The gamma analysis was used to evaluate the dose distributions with tolerance criteria (3%, 3mm). Results: The average dose calculated on CBCT was higher in nearly 67% and 90% of the patients than that calculated on CT using PBC and AAA, respectively. The average of the mean percentage dose difference (MPDD) between dose distribution from CT and CBCT from all patients in the different planes (139 cases) was 0.5% and 1.8% using PBC and AAA algorithms, respectively. The MPDD ranged from −13.2% to 7.9% using PBC and from −13.9% to 9.9% using AAA. The gamma analysis with tolerance criteria using AAA had lower passing rates (84%) than PBC. Conclusion: The discrepancies in dose between CBCT and CT were the largest in lung patients because of large variations in CBCT and CT numbers. AAA showed larger deviations of CBCT dose calculations from CT than PBC. The dose calculated on CBCT was generally higher on CBCT than CT. The AAA accounts more for image artifacts inherent to CBCT than PBC.
Phase locking of a two-dimensional semiconductor laser array in an external Talbot cavity (2002)

Summary form only given. The coherent output from semiconductor laser sources can be increased by coherently combining the light from an array of many individual lasers in an external Talbot cavity configuration. As the number of elements increases, the mode-discrimination required for strong coherence can be maintained by using two-dimensional laser arrays. Here we present results on the phase-locking of a 2-dimensional 12/spl times/12 surface emitting gain array in an external Talbot cavity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Elements of semiconductor-device reliability (1974)

Semiconductor-device quality and reliability are discussed in the context of the major factors producing failures, the relationship of process technology and its control to device quality and reliability, the testing procedures used to determine quality levels, and screening procedures that can be employed to segregate certain levels of device quality. Failure rates are presented for transistors and for both bipolar and MOS integrated circuits in several types of packages and for several kinds of device process technology.
Immune Infiltrates Are Prognostic Factors in Localized Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (2013)

Cancer immunosurveillance relies on effector/memory tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells with a T-helper cell 1 (TH1) profile. Evidence for a natural killer (NK) cell-based control of human malignancies is still largely missing. The KIT tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate markedly prolongs the survival of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) by direct effects on tumor cells as well as by indirect immunostimulatory effects on T and NK cells. Here, we investigated the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expressing CD3, Foxp3, or NKp46 (NCR1) in a cohort of patients with localized GIST. We found that CD3(+) TIL were highly activated in GIST and were especially enriched in areas of the tumor that conserve class I MHC expression despite imatinib mesylate treatment. High densities of CD3(+) TIL predicted progression-free survival (PFS) in multivariate analyses. Moreover, GIST were infiltrated by a homogeneous subset of cytokine-secreting CD56(bright) (NCAM1) NK cells that accumulated in tumor foci after imatinib mesylate treatment. The density of the NK infiltrate independently predicted PFS and added prognostic information to the Miettinen score, as well as to the KIT mutational status. NK and T lymphocytes preferentially distributed to distinct areas of tumor sections and probably contributed independently to GIST immunosurveillance. These findings encourage the prospective validation of immune biomarkers for optimal risk stratification of patients with GIST.
Short-term effects of CHO, fat and protein loads on total tryptophan/tyrosine levels in plasma as related to %REM sleep. (1979)

The effect on plasma amino acid levels and sleep parameters of three experimental diet conditions was investigated in 12 healthy young men. A total of 71 sleep records and 715 plasma samples were analysed for %REM (TDT) and total plasma tryptophan and tyrosine respectively. The ratio of tryptophan to tyrosine was virtually the same under the fat supplement as under the nosupplement conditions. The ratio associated with the CHO load was found to be 14 per cent higher, however. A 29 per cent higher value found with the Protein load may be misleading due to the nature of the supplement used. %REM (TDT) was not found to be significantly related to any of the above conditions.
Basic vibration signal processing for bearing fault detection (2003)

Faculty in the College of Engineering at the University of Alabama developed a multidisciplinary course in applied spectral analysis that was first offered in 1996. The course is aimed at juniors majoring in electrical, mechanical, industrial, or aerospace engineering. No background in signal processing or Fourier analysis is assumed; the requisite fundamentals are covered early in the course and followed by a series of laboratories in which the fundamental concepts are applied. In this paper, a laboratory module on fault detection in rolling element bearings is presented. This module is one of two laboratory modules focusing on machine condition monitoring applications that were developed for this course. Background on the basic operational characteristics of rolling element bearings is presented, and formulas given for the calculation of the characteristic fault frequencies. The shortcomings of conventional vibration spectral analysis for the detection of bearing faults is examined in the context of a synthetic vibration signal that students generate in MATLAB. This signal shares several key features of vibration signatures measured on bearing housings. Envelope analysis and the connection between bearing fault signatures and amplitude modulation/demodulation is explained. Finally, a graphically driven software utility (a set of MATLAB m-files) is introduced. This software allows students to explore envelope analysis using measured data or the synthetic signal that they generated. The software utility and the material presented in this paper constitute an instructional module on bearing fault detection that can be used as a stand-alone tutorial or incorporated into a course.
1. Once upon a time (2010)

What qualities does a story have that allows it to pass the test of continued esteem so well? ‘Once upon a time’ considers the golden rules of good literature. Such works as Winnie-the-Pooh and The Tale of Peter Rabbit can be read and re-read because of the strengths of their storytelling and characterization, and the quality of the writing. We keep somewhere in our memories, as William Wordsworth phrases it, ‘recollections of early childhood’. Literature is much about inverting traditions as inheriting them. The most interesting characters are often outsiders and reading is a solitary activity. Where did the phrase ‘Once up a time’ begin?