gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C60 Hexakisadducts with an Octahedral Addition Pattern − A New Structure Motif in Organic Chemistry (2001)

Hexakisadducts, with Th-symmetrical addition patterns, of C60 buckminsterfullerene can be obtained by means of cycloadditions, solid state reactions and nucleophilic cyclopropanations, including a variety of template and tether techniques. C60 — or a precursor adduct — serves as a core building block for elaboration into a pseudo-octahedral architecture; an aesthetically pleasing structure motif unique in organic chemistry. The fullerene core can be systematically embellished with one or more different types of addends, giving rise to the formation of uniform or mixed hexakisadducts, respectively. The regioselective exohedral chemistry of C60 may serve to provide soluble fullerene derivatives, lipofullerenes, dendrimers, charge-transfer systems, globular amphiphiles and compounds with interesting chemical, physical, biological and material properties.
Paramagnetic Nanoparticles as a Platform for FRET-Based Sarcosine Picomolar Detection (2015)

Herein, we describe an ultrasensitive specific biosensing system for detection of sarcosine as a potential biomarker of prostate carcinoma based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The FRET biosensor employs anti-sarcosine antibodies immobilized on paramagnetic nanoparticles surface for specific antigen binding. Successful binding of sarcosine leads to assembly of a sandwich construct composed of anti-sarcosine antibodies keeping the Förster distance (Ro) of FRET pair in required proximity. The detection is based on spectral overlap between gold-functionalized green fluorescent protein and antibodies@quantum dots bioconjugate (λex 400 nm). The saturation curve of sarcosine based on FRET efficiency (F₆₀₄/F₅₁₀ ratio) was tested within linear dynamic range from 5 to 50 nM with detection limit down to 50 pM. Assembled biosensor was then successfully employed for sarcosine quantification in prostatic cell lines (PC3, 22Rv1, PNT1A), and urinary samples of prostate adenocarcinoma patients.
Decentralized Supply Chains with Competing Retailers Under Demand Uncertainty (2005)

In this paper, we investigate the equilibrium behavior of decentralized supply chains with competing retailers under demand uncertainty. We also design contractual arrangements between the parties that allow the decentralized chain to perform as well as a centralized one. We address these questions in the context of two-echelon supply chains with a single supplier servicing a network of (competing) retailers, considering the following general model: Retailers face random demands, the distribution of which may depend only on its own retail price (noncompeting retailers) or on its own price as well as those of the other retailers (competing retailers), according to general stochastic demand functions.
Abstract 2836: Development of a companion diagnostic IHC assay for the biomarker-driven selection of C4.4a positive patients (2014)

Abstract C4.4a (LYPD3), a GPI-anchored cell surface protein, has been identified previously as a cancer- and metastasis-associated cell surface protein. It is expressed in a variety of cancer indications and, particularly, in the squamous cell subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck cancer. Targeting C4.4a with a specific antibody-drug conjugate showed a potent and selective antitumor activity in various human xenograft models and in patient-derived NSCLC tumor models (Willuda J et al., AACR 2014). Since it has been previously shown in vivo that the expression of C4.4a is required for the response to anti-C4.4a treatment, we initiated the development of an IHC assay that might be used to detect C4.4a expression in patient tumor samples. For the development of this companion diagnostic IHC assay, a novel monoclonal rabbit anti-C4.4a antibody was generated. Since C4.4a is post-transcriptionally modified by shedding, we aimed to identify an antibody that binds to a similar epitope as the therapeutic C4.4a antibody. The immunizations of rabbits with specific peptide sequences of C4.4a and with the full length C4.4a recombinant protein produced several antibody candidates. Those antibody candidates were characterized in regard to their staining characteristics, domain binding, and specificity for C4.4a. Furthermore, the staining pattern of the antibody candidates and the therapeutic C4.4a antibody were compared side by side to ensure that stainings using the newly generated antibodies are predictive for anti-C4.4a treatment. The most promising antibodies were selected to set up and optimize an IHC assay on the Ventana staining platform. In summary, we developed a companion diagnostic IHC assay that might be used to detect C4.4a expression in patient tumor samples. Citation Format: Claudia Schneider, Joseph Couto, Yifei Zhu, Zhiming Liao, Robert Pytela, Alton Hiscox, Sabine Wittemer-Rump, Ulf Forssmann, Lars Linden, Joerg Willuda, Daniel Forler, Matthew Nelson, Ricarda Finnern, Thomas Krahn, Khusru Asadullah. Development of a companion diagnostic IHC assay for the biomarker-driven selection of C4.4a positive patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2836. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2836
Catalytic hydroboration by an imido-hydrido complex of Mo(<scp>iv</scp>) (2011)

The imido-hydrido complex (ArN)Mo(H)(Cl)(PMe(3))(3) catalyses a variety of hydroboration reactions, including the first example of catalytic addition of HBCat to nitriles to form the bis(borylated) amines RCH(2)N(BCat)(2). The latter species easily undergoes chemoselective coupling with aldehydes R'C(O)H to yield imines RCH(2)N=C(H)R'.
Probing Vapor/Liquid Equilibria of Near-Critical Binary Gas Mixtures by Acoustic Measurements (1996)

Phase behavior is a fundamental aspect of supercritical fluids. A simple acoustic method is described for investigating vapor/liquid equilibria. The method is used to investigate three different pure components (CO2, C2H6, and CF3CH2F, refrigerant R134a) and binary mixtures of CF3CH2F with CO2 or C2H6. For the pure components, the reciprocal of the speed of sound was measured at selected temperatures around the critical point. The data obtained are in good agreement with literature values. The binary mixtures were investigated over the whole composition range (i.e., mole fraction of CF3CH2F from 0 to 1.0), and their critical curves were determined. The critical lines show the expected type I fluid phase behavior, but the critical line in C2H6 + CF3CH2F shows an unusual pressure minimum and maximum. The resulting critical lines are discussed with respect to thermodynamics, the use of these mixtures for supercritical fluid chromatography and extractions, and the possibility of using CF3CH2F as a modifier.
An investigation into the pathogenic properties of Escherichia coli strains BLR, BL21, DH5alpha and EQ1 (2000)

Escherichia coli strains EQ1, DH5alpha, BLR and BL21 were considered to be non-pathogenic and unlikely to survive in host tissues and cause disease.
Detecting simple motion using cellular neural networks (2002)

The general framework of motion detection based on the discrete-time samples of the moving image is defined. Four types of motion detection problem are studied. The simplest one is a model resembling the experiment of D.H. Hubel and T.N. Wiesel (1962) with a cat's retina for detecting the motion of an object having a given speed in a given direction. The most complicated case is the determination of the vertical and horizontal velocity components of a moving image. Various cloning template sequences are proposed for detecting different types of motion. The consecutive black and white image samples are fed to the input and to the initial state nodes of the cellular neural network, respectively. After the transients have decayed, the output gives the information necessary for detecting the presence or absence of a specific motion as well as for estimating the direction and the magnitude of the velocity vector. Conditions are analysed under which the detection is correct. The circuit realization of some motion detectors are discussed and the use of a programmable dual CNN structure is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
KELOIDS AND HYPERTROPHIC SCARS: RESULTS WITH INTRA‐OPERATIVE AND SERIAL POSTOPERATIVE CORTICOSTEROID INJECTION THERAPY (1999)

Because of promising results, further use and evaluation of this method of treatment is recommended for large, recurrent and complicated keloids and hypertrophic scars.
Characteristics of submicron pores obtained by chemical etching of nuclear tracks in polycarbonate films (1981)

Calibrated pores in the range 102–2×103 Å have been obtained by chemical etching of polycarbonate thin films irradiated with high energy krypton ions (500 MeV, Kr25+). Both the amorphous and the crystalline forms of polycarbonate (Makrofol, Bayer), further designated by their respective trade names N and KG, have been investigated up to thicknesses of 60 μm, close to the theoretical ion range of 77 μm. From conductivity studies, three different domains have been separated around the ion track: A highly damaged core of radius ?50 Å with a fast etching rate vT ≊104 Å/min, an intermediate zone of radius ?500 Å with an etching rate vI = 0.9 Å/min, an outer region with an etching rate equal to that of the undamaged material, vG = 0.47 Å/min. These observations are compatible with the delta ray model for track formation in plastic materials. Scanning electron microscope investigations have revealed that the pores formed in the N material are straight cylinders with a narrow distribution of the pore entrance diameters. On the other hand, the pores for the KG type are much less uniform and appear to be tapered, the difference between the two sides of the membrane being as much as 50%. These characteristics could be related to inhomogeneities in the morphological structure due to (i) the finite size of the crystalline domains and (ii) an asymetric manufacturer’s processing of the film surfaces.
Colorimetric End–tidal CO<sub>2</sub>Detector for Verification of Endotracheal Tube Placement in Out–of–hospital Cardiac Arrest (1995)

A disposable, colorimetric end-tidal CO2 detector appears reliable in verifying proper ET tube placement in victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The degree of color change correlates with the probability of ROSC.
Über eine Anordnung zur Filterung von Elektroneninterferenzen (1962)

The following paper describes a device in order to separate the inelastically scattered electrons from the electron diffraction pattern. By means of an electric and magnetic deflecting system the diffraction pattern is swept across the small entrance aperture of a filter lens. In this way an electron beam with a small divergence passes the filter lens. Behind the filter lens the electron beam is deflected by another deflection system, which is synchronised with the first. So one gets a diffraction pattern, the angular width of which is determined by the maximum deflection angle of the deflecting system. If the retarding potential of the filter lens is high enough, one can photograph the filtered electron diffraction pattern. By reducing the retarding potential one gets unfiltered diagrams.
Degradation of poly(methylmethacrylate) by deep ultraviolet, x-ray, electron beam, and proton beam irradiations (1988)

The chemical changes in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) caused by irradiation with deep ultraviolet (UV), x-ray, electron, and proton beams were studied by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared, and UV spectroscopy. The quantitative analysis of spectroscopic changes (Beer’s law) demonstrated a 1:1 correspondence between the disappearance of ester groups and the generation of double bonds in the polymer chain by all types of radiation. The ratio of main chain scission to changes in the number of ester groups and unsaturated bonds was compared to determine the characteristics of degradation of PMMA by the different types of radiation. This ratio for deep UV data was very close to the quantum yield of main chain scission of PMMA as reported in the literature. High-energy radiation was ∼10× more efficient than deep UV in causing main chain scission with removal of fewer ester groups. Protons induced more main chain scission than electrons. X-ray irradiation was the most efficient at causing main chain scission of the four different types of radiation.
A Pre-Kernel Agent Platform for security assurance (2011)

Without the security assurance from the underlining operating system, software agents and agencies are constantly under security threats through the operating system. Although the security issues between software agents and agencies have been studied intensively, any formulated counter-measurement of these issues are subject to attacks that are able to exploit the vulnerabilities of the operating system kernel (OS kernel). To protect agents and agencies against such risks, we proposed a novel approach that isolates the OS kernel and limit modifications to the agency system in the physical memory space. Our approach utilizes a hypervisor to create a virtualized environment for the operating system. The agency is then loaded into physical memory and injected into the operating system of the host without any interactions from the OS kernel. All memory access requests are monitored and managed by our approach to prevent unauthorized modification from the OS kernel and maintain the integrity of the agency system. Furthermore, any agent migrated to the host can be encrypted by our approach to prevent any alterations from the OS kernel. The encryption key is safely shared between the agency system and the hypervisor by utilizing part of the memory space of the agency as a communication interface. Consequently, our approach is able to limit the security threats that exploit the vulnerability of the operating system to the agency systems as well as ensure the integrity of both agents and agencies. This study describes the formulation and implementation of the proposed platform that can securely deploy agent agent systems to the host and effectively control access to host devices.
Structure of Liquid Mercury (1963)

Because the only available studies of the temperature dependence of liquid mercury's x-ray scattering contain false peaks in the intensity, a re-examination has been made over a 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} range (-36\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 26\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) under precisely reproducible geometry. The fact that there is little variation in observed intensity and in the derived radial distribution function is consistent with the small density decrease (1%) over the range, and with the idea that scattering from hard spheres depends only upon density. The mean number of nearest neighbors is 7.5 centered at 3.03 \AA{}.
Cyclotron Internal Ion Source with DC Extraction (1973)

This paper describes a method for increasing the intensities for heavy ion beams accelerated in isochronous cyclotrons at high harmonics (h≥5) of the orbit frequency. Normally, only small intensities are obtained at high harmonics because of the low effective accelerating voltage between the ion source and the puller electrode. We have developed and tested a dc ion extraction system for the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron (ORIC). Use of the dc extraction system has increased beams of 4OAr3+ on the 5th harmonic and 2ONel+ on the 7th harmonic from nanoamperes to microamperes.
Tissue distribution and antitumor effect of liposome-entrapped doxorubicin (adriamycin) in Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mouse. (1981)

The usefulness of liposomes (in neutral, positively and negatively charged forms) as a carrier for adriamycin (ADM) was studied by examining the distribution of ADM and related fluorescent compounds in Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice. The mice were given free or liposome-entrapped ADM intraperitoneally. The distribution of ADM and related fluorescent compounds between the administration of the free form and liposome-entrapped form was measured by high performance liquid chromatography : The distribution was dependent on the form of the liposomes. The amounts of ADM and its metabolites in the mouse serum 20 min after administration of neutral-liposome-entrapped ADM were 10 times those after the administration of free ADM, 6 times those after the administration of a negatively charged form, and 3.5 times those in the administration of positively charged form. There was no marked difference in the concentrations of these compounds 5 h after administration. The concentration of these compounds in the liver 60 min after administration of each liposome-entrapped form of ADM were in inverse correlation with the concentrations in the serum obtained at 20 min after administration. Total concentrations of ADM and its metabolites in the tumors 20 min after administration of each entrapped form of ADM were 4-5 times that in administration of free ADM after 20 min. There were no marked differences in the concentration of ADM for administration of the various liposome forms. Statistically significant decreases in mean tumor weight were seen in the groups given neutral, positively and negatively charged liposome-entrapped forms compared to corresponding control groups given with free ADM.
Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition (2012)

In a textbook for a one-semester upper-level introductory course in inorganic chemistry, House (Illinois Wesleyan U. and Illinois State U.) selects topics to provide essential information in the major areas of the field such as atomic and molecular structure, condensed phases, acid-base chemistry and solvents, coordination chemistry, ligand field theory, and solid-state chemistry. He emphasizes fundamental principles as they appear in several different areas. The 2008 edition has been revised to reflect new areas of interest, such as superacids and bioinorganic chemistry. Annotation ©2013 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Modeling and testing of a thyristor for thyristor controlled series compensation (TCSC) (1994)

A newly developed thyristor for thyristor controlled series compensation (TCSC), a FACTS controller, is analyzed. In order to qualify the device for unusually severe requirements, both mathematical modeling based on semiconductor physics and a thorough high current test series were carried out. Results corroborate the accuracy of the model and demonstrate that the thyristor exceeds the thermal and di/dt requirements of the intended installation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of the lower error fixed-width multiplier and its application (2000)

This brief develops a general methodology for designing a lower-error two's-complement fixed-width multiplier that receives two n-bit numbers and produces an n-bit product. By properly choosing the generalized index, we derive better error-compensation bias to reduce the truncation error and then construct a lower error fixed-width multiplier, which is area efficient for VLSI implementation. Finally, we successfully apply the proposed fixed-width multiplier to realizing a digital FIR filter, which has shown that the performance is better than that using other fixed-width multipliers.
DNA repair phenotype and cancer susceptibility—A mini review (2008)

DNA repair is a complicated biological process, consisting of several distinct pathways, that plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of genomic integrity. The very important field of DNA repair and cancer risk has developed rapidly in the past decades. In this review of selected published data from our laboratory, we describe mostly our work on the study of phenotypic markers of nucleotide excision repair (NER), as measured by the benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)/ultraviolet (UV)-induced mutagen sensitivity assays, BPDE-induced adduct assay, host cell reactivation (HCR)-DNA repair capacity (DRC) assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and reverse-phase protein lysate microarray (RPP) assay, by using peripheral blood lymphocytes in a series of molecular epidemiological studies. Results of our studies suggest that individuals with reduced DRC have an elevated cancer risk. This finding needs additional validation by other investigators, and we also discussed issues in conducting this kind of research in the future.
Darstellung von Sulfonylisothiocyanaten (1966)

Abstract Durch Reaktion von Sulfonamiden mit Schwefelkohlenstoff und Kaliumhydroxid erhält man in Dimethylformamid oder Dimethylsulfoxid kristalline Dikaliumsalze von Sulfonyldithiocarbaminsäuren. Diese reagieren mit Phosgen, Sulfurylchlorid oder Thionylchlorid zu Sulfonylisothiocyanaten.
Diverse sensory functions with an almost totally divided spinal cord. A case of spinal cord transection with preservation of part of one anterolateral quadrant (1976)

The spinal cord of a patient had been completely and cleanly cut across at the Th3 segment except for part of one anterolateral quadrant. The extent of the lesion was clearly verified at an open surgical inspection. There was complete paralysis below the level of the lesion. The classical expectations of her sensory status were confirmed in only 2 ways: Temperature could be identified only on the side opposite the intact quadrant. Pin prick could be only identified on this contralateral side. Against classical expectations were the following findings: Localisation of touch and pressure stimuli was reasonably accurate on both sides. Passive movement could be detected on the homolateral side. Pain could be evoked by stimulation of both sides. Von Frey hair stimuli could be identified on both sides. Repeated sub threshold stimulation markedly lowered the threshold for detecting von Frey hairs. This case implies that there must be a revision of the traditional labelling of the function of the spinal cord afferent systems.
The Effects of Accent Familiarity on English as a Foreign Language Students’ Word Recognition and Comprehension of the English Language (2016)

Tests and in class assessments of EFL (English as a foreign language) listening comprehension generally attempt to sample from language that reflects what students will be expected to comprehend in the relevant contexts. Unfortunately, most listening tests and assessments do not consider or address the issue of accented English in ESL listening. This study examined the issues and problems EFL students face when listening to unfamiliar accents. Three groups (n=99) of Bachelor of Arts English major students enrolled at Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Bangkok, Thailand were exposed to various accents at different frequency levels throughout the Advanced Listening and Speaking course. Tests were conducted to establish whether accent familiarity affected students’ understanding of the English language. The results of the tests suggest that familiarity of an accent can aid listener comprehension.
Improving passage ranking with user behavior information (2013)

User behavior information has proved valuable for inferring document relevance, but its role in deducing relevance at the passage/section level is not well explored. In this paper, we study how user behavior information implies section relevance, and use this information to improve section ranking. More specifically, we focus on four types of user search behavior that occur while browsing a document -- dwell time, highlighting, copying and clicks at the section level. Experimental results based on a commercial query log show that user behavior information can significantly improve section ranking. While section-level click information is a very powerful signal of relevance, it depends on an interface supporting section-level links. We find comparable levels of gain using other behavior information that does not depend upon such an interface.