gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Host Cell Factors as Antiviral Targets in Arenavirus Infection (2012)

Among the members of the Arenaviridae family, Lassa virus and Junin virus generate periodic annual outbreaks of severe human hemorrhagic fever (HF) in endemic areas of West Africa and Argentina, respectively. Given the human health threat that arenaviruses represent and the lack of a specific and safe chemotherapy, the search for effective antiviral compounds is a continuous demanding effort. Since diverse host cell pathways and enzymes are used by RNA viruses to fulfill their replicative cycle, the targeting of a host process has turned an attractive antiviral approach in the last years for many unrelated virus types. This strategy has the additional benefit to reduce the serious challenge for therapy of RNA viruses to escape from drug effects through selection of resistant variants triggered by their high mutation rate. This article focuses on novel strategies to identify inhibitors for arenavirus therapy, analyzing the potential for antiviral developments of diverse host factors essential for virus infection.
Analysis of the Apparent Viscosity of Starch in Aqueous Suspension within Agitation and Temperature by Using Rapid Visco Analyzer System (2011)

This research relates to the analysis of a mathematical model for the interpretation of the apparent viscosity of starch aqueous suspensions during agitation, as well as the influence of the starch-water ratio in the pasting profiles. The thermal profile of the pasting test produces several changes in the starch-aqueous suspensions that can be evaluated through the complete knowledge of the physicochemical changes in the suspension, equations that governs the system and the instrumental conditions of the impeller viscometer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rapid visco-profile of starch-water suspension, using the same heating rate and water-starch ration, were obtained in order to study the thermal and pasting changes of the starch-aqueous suspension as a function of the thermal profile and time, The use of the pasting profile, its first and second derivate as well as the DSC thermal profile, provide information about critical process taking place in the starch-water suspension such as the swelling and gelatinization processes that affect the rheological properties. The use of different starch/water ratios allows the determination of different pasting regimes.
Ryanodine channel complex stabilizer compound S48168/ARM210 as a disease modifier in dystrophin‐deficient <i>mdx</i> mice: proof‐of‐concept study and independent validation of efficacy (2017)

Muscle fibers lacking dystrophin undergo a long-term alteration of Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis, partially caused by a leaky Ca<sup>2+</sup> release ryanodine (RyR) channel. S48168/ARM210, an RyR calcium release channel stabilizer (a Rycal compound), is expected to enhance the rebinding of calstabin to the RyR channel complex and possibly alleviate the pathologic Ca<sup>2+</sup> leakage in dystrophin-deficient skeletal and cardiac muscle. This study systematically investigated the effect of S48168/ARM210 on the phenotype of mdx mice by means of a first proof-of-concept, short (4 wk), phase 1 treatment, followed by a 12-wk treatment (phase 2) performed in parallel by 2 independent laboratories. The mdx mice were treated with S48168/ARM210 at two different concentrations (50 or 10 mg/kg/d) in their drinking water for 4 and 12 wk, respectively. The mice were subjected to treadmill sessions twice per week (12 m/min for 30 min) to unmask the mild disease. This testing was followed by in vivo forelimb and hindlimb grip strength and fatigability measurement, ex vivo extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm (DIA) force contraction measurement and histologic and biochemical analysis. The treatments resulted in functional (grip strength, ex vivo force production in DIA and EDL muscles) as well as histologic improvement after 4 and 12 wk, with no adverse effects. Furthermore, levels of cellular biomarkers of calcium homeostasis increased. Therefore, these data suggest that S48168/ARM210 may be a safe therapeutic option, at the dose levels tested, for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).-Capogrosso, R. F., Mantuano, P., Uaesoontrachoon, K., Cozzoli, A., Giustino, A., Dow, T., Srinivassane, S., Filipovic, M., Bell, C., Vandermeulen, J., Massari, A. M., De Bellis, M., Conte, E., Pierno, S., Camerino, G. M., Liantonio, A., Nagaraju, K., De Luca, A. Ryanodine channel complex stabilizer compound S48168/ARM210 as a disease modifier in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice: proof-of-concept study and independent validation of efficacy.
A social-engineering-centric data collection initiative to study phishing (2011)

Phishers nowadays rely on a variety of channels, ranging from old-fashioned emails to instant messages, social networks, and the phone system (with both calls and text messages), with the goal of reaching more victims. As a consequence, modern phishing became a multi-faceted, even more pervasive threat that is inherently more difficult to study than traditional, email-based phishing.
Rational discrete generalized cylinders and their application to shape recovery in medical images (2002)

Generalized cylinders (GCs) are a popular representational tool in computer vision. In medical imaging, the curved axis GC is particularly applicable to a number of elongated physical structures such as vasculature, bone and bronchi. In many of these instances, it is necessary to recover curved-axis GCs with arbitrary cross-sections. It is also vital that these structures, once recovered, can be analyzed and visualized with off-the-shelf algorithms and software packages. Such tools are usually designed to operate on the domain of polynomial or rational surfaces. Unfortunately most extant, suitably versatile GC representations do not admit rational parameterizations. We develop an entirely rational B-spline representation for generalized cylinders with curved axes and arbitrary cross-section functions. We demonstrate how our representation can be used as a deformable model by extracting a rational GC from pre-segmented spinal data using a discrete dynamic surface fit.
Strongly Luminescent Films Fabricated by Thermolysis of Gold−Thiolate Complexes in a Polymer Matrix (2008)

We present a simple method for the fabrication of highly luminescent gold-containing films by thermal decomposition of gold(I) dodecylthiolate synthesized by treating an ethanol solution of gold tetrachloroauric acid with an ethanol solution of 1-dodecanethiol. During the heat treatment of gold(I) dodecylthiolate complexes homogeneously distributed in the polystyrene matrix, extinction spectra of the films change from the well resolved spectrum of a gold(I) thiolate complex peaked at 390 nm to the broad plasmon peak of metallic gold centered around 600 nm. All samples, both before and after heat treatment, show a strong red emission, with a maximum in the spectral range of 620−640 nm. The room temperature emission quantum yield strongly increases from the nonheated films to the briefly heated films reaching a value of ∼8%, and decreases for the samples where larger gold particles are formed after prolonged heating. Transmission electron microscopy shows the occurrence of monodisperse gold nanoparticles with 1.8 nm mean diameter in the polymer matrix. Extended heat treatment leads to the partial coalescence of these nanoparticles into larger particles of irregular shapes, with a size in the range of 10−200 nm. We explain these findings by the formation from the original luminescent Au(I)−thiolate complexes of an emissive species with even stronger luminescence. This species is consumed in the growth of larger Au particles upon further heating. From the spectroscopic data, the strongly luminescent species could be few-atom thiolated Au clusters or polynuclear Au(I)−thiolate complexes with strong aurophilic interactions.
<i>In situ</i> encapsulation of platinum clusters within H-ZSM-5 zeolite for highly stable benzene methylation catalysis (2017)

Well-dispersed and tiny Pt clusters within hierarchical ZSM-5 are prepared <italic>via</italic> a direct hydrothermal method. The facile <italic>in situ</italic> encapsulation of Pt in zeolites endows the catalyst with excellent activity, high stability and superior recyclability for benzene methylation with methanol.
Synthesis and Characterization of Soluble Chloro- and Aryl(naphthalocyaninato)indium(III) Complexes and Their Precursors (2001)

The syntheses of highly soluble chloro(naphthalocyaninato)indium(III) compounds (R2)4(R4)4NcInCl (5a: R2 = H, R4 = tert-butyl; 6a: R2 = R4 = tert-butyl; 7a: R2 = 2-ethylhexyloxy, R4 = tert-butyl; 8a: R2 = R4 = 2-ethylhexyloxy), and their reactions with R′MgBr [b: R′ = p-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; c: R′ = pentafluorophenyl] producing the axially substituted aryl(naphthalocyaninato)indium(III) compounds 5b, 5c, 6b, 6c, 7b, 7c, 8b, and 8c are described. All compounds were characterized by IR, UV/Vis, MS, and 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR, as well as by elemental analysis. The high solubilities of the octasubstituted naphthalocyanines 6−8 and their low tendencies to form aggregates are due to steric crowding arising from the new unsymmetrical peripheral substitution pattern and the bulky, electron-withdrawing axial ligands. These properties make the (naphthalocyaninato)indium compounds very interesting candidates for further investigations concerning their nonlinear optical properties, particularly for optical limiting applications. We also report on the complete syntheses and characterization of the corresponding diiminoisoindoline precursors 2 (R2 = R4 = tert-butyl), 3 (R2 = 2-ethylhexyloxy; R4 = tert-butyl) and 4 (R2 = R4 = 2-ethylhexyloxy).
Rician K Factor Estimation for Wireless Communication Systems (2006)

In many radio propagation environments, a line of sight (LoS) component exists between the transmitter and the receiver. This way the time-varying envelope of the received signal can be described by a Rician distribution with Rician factor K. Therefore, precise and efficient methods of Rician K factor estimation are of substantial concern. In this paper we examine a Rician K factor estimator suitable for wireless communication systems. The estimator is based on the envelope of the unmodulated received signal and an expression between the Rician channel statistics and K factor is presented. We depict its functionality for fixed and low mobility systems, with different carrier frequencies, thus making the estimator candidate for use not only for specific systems such as mobile communications. In the examined cases of mobility and carrier usage, the estimator achieves very satisfactory results for low signal to noise ratio (SNR) values and K factor values.
Enhanced Ultrasonic Flaw Detection Using an Ultrahigh Gain and Time-Dependent Threshold (2018)

In an attempt to improve the ultrasonic testing capability of a conventional C-scan system, a flaw detection method using an ultrahigh gain is developed in this paper. A time-dependent threshold for image segmentation is applied to identify automatically material anomalies present in the sample. A singly scattered response model is used with extreme value statistics to calculate the confidence bounds of grain noise. The result is a time-dependent threshold associated with the grain noise that can be used for segmentation. Ultrasonic imaging experiments show that the presented method has advantages over a traditional fixed threshold approach with respect to false positives and missed flaws. The results also show that a low gain is adverse to the detection of microflaws with subwavelength dimensions. The forward model is expected to serve as an effective tool for the probability of detection of flaws and the inspection of coarse-grained materials in the future.
Two Genes Affecting Glucarate Utilization in Escherichia coli K12 (1980)

D-Glucarate is transported into Escherichia coli K12 by an inducible system at an apparent rate of 7 to 15 nmol min-1 (mg dry mass)-1. The apparent Km for uptake is 16 muM. The system is induced by growth on glucarate or glycollate. Galactarate competes with glucarate for the uptake system. A mutation (gar A) was isolated in which activities of glucarate transport and glucarate dehydratase and the ability to grow on glucarate or galactarate are all impaired. The mutation maps at min 16. Another mutation of indistinguishable phenotype is probably a deletion of the genes garB and tonA at min 3.5.
Independent ferroelectric contributions and rare-earth-induced polarization reversal in multiferroic TbMn<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>O<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2012)

Three independent contributions to the magnetically induced spontaneous polarization of multiferroic TbMn${}_{2}$O${}_{5}$ are uniquely separated by optical second harmonic generation and an analysis in terms of Landau theory. Two of the contributions are related to the Mn${}^{3+}$ and Mn${}^{4+}$ magnetic order and are independent of applied fields ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}{H}_{x}$ of up to $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7$ T. The third contribution is related to the long-range antiferromagnetic Tb${}^{3+}$ order. It shows a drastic decrease upon the application of a magnetic field and mediates the change of sign of the spontaneous electric polarization in TbMn${}_{2}$O${}_{5}$. The close relationship between the rare-earth long-range order and the nonlinear optical properties points to isotropic Tb${}^{3+}$-Tb${}^{3+}$ exchange and O${}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$ spin polarization as mechanisms for this rare-earth-induced ferroelectric contribution.
Borna Disease Virus in Human Brains with a Rare Form of Hippocampal Degeneration but Not in Brains of Patients with Common Neuropsychiatric Disorders (1999)

To estimate the frequency of persistent Borna disease virus (BDV) infections of the human central nervous system and to determine which neuropsychiatric disorders might be associated with this viral infection, reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction was used to screen a large collection of autopsy brain samples for the presence of BDV-specific nucleic acids. The presence of BDV RNA was found in 3 brains of persons with psychiatric symptoms and prominent hippocampal degeneration previously reported to be positive by others. However, no BDV RNA was detected in 86 randomly collected brains from persons with various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, affective disorders, and Alzheimer's disease, or from suicide victims or in 52 brains from healthy controls. Furthermore, no BDV-RNA was detected in 16 surgical brain samples from persons with epilepsy-associated hippocampal sclerosis. These results indicate that life-long persistent BDV infections are rare in humans and that such infections may be associated with certain forms of hippocampal degeneration.
A scheme for multisource interior tomography (2009)

Currently, x-ray computed tomography (CT) requires source scanning so that projections can be collected from various orientations for image reconstruction. Limited by the scanning time, the temporal resolution of CT is often inadequate when rapid dynamics is involved in an object to be reconstructed. To meet this challenge, here the authors propose a scheme of multisource interior tomography for ultrafast imaging that reconstructs a relatively small region of interest (ROI). Specifically, such a ROI is irradiated in parallel with narrow x-ray beams defined by many source-detector pairs for data acquisition. This ROI can be then reconstructed using the interior tomography approach. To demonstrate the merits of this approach, the authors report interior reconstruction from in vivo lung CT data at a much reduced radiation dose, which is roughly proportional to the ROI size. The results suggest a scheme for ultrafast tomography (such as with a limited number of sources and in a scanning mode) to shorten data acquisition time and to suppress motion blurring.
Voltage-boosting wireless power delivery system with fast load tracker by &#x0394;&#x03A3;-modulated sub-harmonic resonant switching (2012)

Recently, many applications have emerged that use wireless power delivery technology. A new standard “Qi” [1] has been established for battery operated portable devices. The rechargeable battery acts as a power buffer and shields the rapid load variation. Therefore, the requirement of the response to load variation is not so stringent and time constant of the power control loop is longer than several tens of milliseconds. Several hundred kHz band is chosen for switching frequency to reduce the power loss and frequency modulation (FM) [2] or pulse-width modulation (PWM) [3] are used for power control because of their relaxed in-band spurious emission regulation.
Texture Analysis Methods - A Review (1998)

Methods for digital-image texture analysis are reviewed based on available literature and research work either carried out or supervised by the authors. The review has been prepared on request of Dr Richard Lerski, Chairman of the Management Committee of the COST B11 action “Quantitation of Magnetic Resonance Image Texture”.
Multiple symbol noncoherent detection of GMSK (2002)

This paper studies the problem of noncoherent detection of Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK). Particular attention is focussed on the popular case of BT=0.25, but the concepts presented apply to other cases as well in addition to the general case of continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK). The optimum noncoherent detector is shown to consist of a bank of matched filters followed by a sequence estimator. The metric which must be optimized by the sequence estimator is explicitly given. A simple approximation is introduced which allows the number of matched filters to be reduced from 16 to 3 for GMSK (BT=0.25). A suboptimal metric is introduced which is interpreted as an N-symbol differential detection metric. Based on this metric, a receiver structure is then presented which uses the Viterbi algorithm with a 2/sup N/ state trellis to perform the sequence estimation. Simulation results indicate that it is possible to obtain performance within 1 dB of optimum coherent detection on either a Gaussian noise or a slowly Rayleigh fading channel with the N=4 symbol differential detector.
DSL and PLC Co-Existence: An Interference Cancellation Approach (2014)

It is often advocated that a solution to the problem of interference to digital subscriber line networks (DSL) from a power line communications (PLC) network is to prevent the PLC networks from utilizing the DSL spectrum. However, this solution will render PLC networks inoperable with the introduction of wide-band DSL technology like G.Fast. We propose utilizing an interference cancelling scheme to ensure the co-existence of DSL and PLC networks within the home environment. A measurement campaign is conducted where a set of 480 measurements are collected within a residential house to characterize the PLC-to-DSL interference environment for two DSL modem installation scenarios. The interference cancelling scheme is based on an adaptive frequency domain interference canceller (FDIC) that utilizes the common mode (CM) PLC interference to estimate the differential mode (DM) PLC interference. The effectiveness of the FDIC, which is insensitive to the non-stationarity of the PLC channel, is demonstrated using analysis that incorporates the measured PLC-to-DSL coupling channels.
Prospective and longitudinal study of brain atrophy during aging. (1988)

昭和53年2月から昭和60年4月までの約7年間に, 神経学的検査及び頭部CT検査で異常を認められなかった36歳から88歳までの (平均64.2歳), 男30人, 女40人, 計70人のそれぞれについて, 12カ月から92カ月に亘り (平均39.0カ月), 経時的に頭部CT検査を3回から6回 (平均3.2回) 施行して, 脳体積指数 (BVI; 脳体積/頭蓋腔容積×100%) を計測して脳萎縮の指標とした. BVIは年齢の自乗に比例して低下した (BVI=-0.003×(年齢)2+0.2×(年齢)+93, r=0.71, p<0.001). 一年間のBVIの減少分を最小自乗法によって算出し, 年間脳萎縮 (ABA) として脳萎縮の進行速度の指標とした. ABAは年齢に比例して増加した (ABA=0.014×(年齢)-0.46, r=0.44, p<0.001). 脳動脈硬化の危険因子を持つ動脈硬化群と持たない健常群を比較したところ, BVI, ABAともに両群間で有意の差異はなかった.
Residual Networks for Computer Go (2017)

Deep learning for the game of Go recently had a tremendous success with the victory of AlphaGo against Lee Sedol in March 2016. We propose to use residual networks so as to improve the training of a policy network for computer Go. Training is faster than with usual convolutional networks and residual networks achieve high accuracy on our test set and a four dan level.
SKIN INFECTIONS AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN A IN SERUM, SWEAT, AND SALIVA OF PATIENTS RECOVERED FROM POSTSTREPTOCOCCAL ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS OR ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER AND THEIR SIBLINGS (1982)

Differences in hygienic habits and base-line secretory immunoglobulin (Ig) A which might have contributed to the prevalence of skin infections and/or absence of increased serum IgA values were sought in patients with poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (nephritis) in contrast to patients with acute rheumatic fever in Trinidad by studying patients and their siblings after the patients had recovered from these diseases. The overall history of skin infections was similar at this time in all groups, although they had been much more common in patients with nephritis and their families at the time of acute illness. The recovered nephritis patients bathed slightly less often than the other individuals, used a cream or lotion after bathing rather than coconut oil, and tended to sweat less than the others, but none of these differences was statistically significant. Neither were significant differences demonstrated in amounts of IgA and IgG in serum and saliva of recovered nephritis patients and their siblings compared to recovered rheumatic fever patients and their siblings, while only small amounts of IgA and IgG were present in any sweat, and probably had been transuded rather than secreted. These studies suggest that the lower serum IgA titers in patients with nephritis compared to patients with rheumatic fever in Trinidad do not reflect basic differences in serum IgA or secretory IgA as measured in saliva, and that IgA is not secreted by the eccrine glands.
Electrically conducting organic films and beads based on conducting latex particles (1989)

Electrically conducting films have been prepared by casting aqueous dispersions of mixed polymer lattices on supporting glass microscope slides; one of the lattices is conducting (polypyrrole or polyaniline) and the other film-forming (a 1:1 co-polymer of polymethylmethacrylate and polybutylacrylate). The polypyrrole particles, being roughly spherical in shape, give a percolation threshold where the conductivity rises sharply at a weight fraction of about 20%, whereas the polyaniline particles, being needle-shaped, have a much lower percolation threshold at about 5%. In addition, the preparation of composite beads, having a non-conducting polymer core (e.g. polymethylmethacrylate) and a conducting shell (polypyrrole), has been carried out.