gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemistry of sulfonylmethyl isocyanides. 13. A general one-step synthesis of nitriles from ketones using tosylmethyl isocyanide. Introduction of a one-carbon unit (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of sulfonylmethyl isocyanides. 13. A general one-step synthesis of nitriles from ketones using tosylmethyl isocyanide. Introduction of a one-carbon unitOtto H. Oldenziel, Daan Van Leusen, and Albert M. Van LeusenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 19, 3114–3118Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00439a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00439a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6930Altmetric-Citations191LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Derivatives of butyric acid as potential anti‐neoplastic agents (1991)

A novel derivative of butyric acid, pivalyloxymethyl butyrate (AN-9) has been shown, in vitro, to: (a) induce cytodifferentiation and inhibit the proliferation of leukemic cells; (b) inhibit the growth and formation of Lewis lung carcinoma colonies in semi-solid agar. AN-9 affect cells at about 10-fold lower concentration and at a faster rate than does butyric acid. The pivalyloxymethyl esters of propionic, isobutyric and valeric acids do not elicit effects similar to those of AN-9, while the isobutyryloxymethyl butyrate does, which strongly suggests that the activity of AN-9 stems from intracellular metabolic degradation of the pro-drug to butyric acid. In vivo, AN-9, increased the survival of mice in Lewis lung carcinoma primary cancer model and significantly decreased the number of lung lesions of the animals inoculated with highly metastatic cells, but did not affect their life span. Acute LD50 studies have shown that AN-9 possesses low toxicity. These results suggest that AN-9 is a potential anti-neoplastic agent as well as a tool for investigation of the differentiation induction mechanism.
Peripheral blood dendritic cells in children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria (2001)

The importance of dendritic cells (DCs) for the initiation and regulation of immune responses not only to foreign organisms but also to the self has raised considerable interest in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these cells in various human diseases. Plasmodium falciparum malaria is characterized by the poor induction of long-lasting protective immune responses. This study, therefore, investigated the percentage of peripheral blood DCs as lineage marker-negative and HLA-DR(+) or CD83(+) cells in healthy children and in children suffering from acute malaria in Kilifi, Kenya. Comparable percentages of CD83(+) DCs were found in peripheral blood of healthy children and children with malaria. However, the percentage of HLA-DR(+) peripheral blood DCs was significantly reduced in children with malaria. The results suggest that a proportion of peripheral blood DCs may be functionally impaired due to the low expression of HLA-DR on their surface.
Alveolar macrophage procoagulant activity is increased in acute hyperoxic lung injury. (1988)

Alveolar macrophage accumulation and interstitial fibrin deposition are prominent in adult respiratory distress syndrome and chronic interstitial lung diseases. The role of alveolar macrophages in the initiation of fibrin deposition and lung injury in these diseases is uncertain. Expression of procoagulant activity by these cells may provide evidence of macrophage activation and involvement in the initiation of lung fibrin deposition. An experimental model of hyperoxia-induced lung injury in rats was studied for assessment of the relationship of lung injury, fibrin deposition, and alveolar macrophage procoagulant activity. Lung injury was assessed histologically and functionally, and the accumulation of inflammatory cells was quantified by bronchoalveolar lavage. Pulmonary injury, manifested by increased capillary permeability, developed progressively during exposure to hyperoxia and was associated with significant augmentation of the procoagulant activity of alveolar macrophages early in the disease. This increase preceded the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Alveolar macrophage procoagulant activity had functional characteristics consistent with tissue factor. These studies provide evidence of early alveolar macrophage activation in acute hyperoxic lung injury in rats and suggest a role for procoagulant activity in the development of interstitial fibrin deposition.
Ultrashort all-optical switching in glass dual-core fiber nonlinear couplers (1987)

Ultrafast all-optical switching devices are attracting considerable interest as switching elements for future high-bit-rate switching systems. The glass nonlinear coupler is a promising candidate for a practical ultrafast all-optical switch: it offers subpicosecond response times without thermal effects and can operate at rates far higher than those possible with electronic devices. We report experimental studies of switching characteristics of glass dual-core fiber nonlinear couplers with lengths ranging from 5 to 200 cm. These results encompass a range of coupling lengths varying from one to many (where the coupling length is the low-power transfer distance for light to couple from one waveguide of the coupler to the other), whereas our previously reported measurements were for a multiple coupling-length device only. A nonlinear coupler gives particularly useful switching characteristics when it is a single coupling length. Our data include both quasi-cw results using 200-ns Q -switched pulses from a 1.06- μ m Nd:YAG laser and the response of slow detectors to 80-ps pulses in a mode-locked Q -switched pulse train from the same laser.
Are sleep disturbances risk factors for anxiety, depressive and addictive disorders? (1998)

This paper reviews recent literature which suggests that sleep disturbance in members of the general population, whether or not they have ever had a formal psychiatric disorder, is a risk factor for the onset of a formal psychiatric diagnosis at a later time. Based upon the current literature, the strongest link is between subjective insomnia, lasting at least 2 weeks, and the later onset of depression. Less well-established data suggest that lifetime reports of at least 2 weeks of insomnia, hypersomnia, or both hypersomnia and insomnia, are risk factors for the later development of depression, anxiety disorders or substance abuse. More tentatively, preliminary data suggest that increasing subjective sleep disturbance may signal a relapse in remitted depressed patients. Sleep disturbances are common manifestations of major depressive and anxiety disorders. Therefore, sleep complaints may be among the most robust prodromal symptoms reflecting partial depressive or anxiety disorders, which eventually declare themselves as full-blown clinical episodes.
Effects of Adjuvant Tamoxifen and of Cytotoxic Therapy on Mortality in Early Breast Cancer (1988)

We sought information worldwide on mortality according to assigned treatment in all randomized trials that began before 1985 of adjuvant tamoxifen or cytotoxic therapy for early breast cancer (with or without regional lymph-node involvement). Coverage was reasonably complete for most countries. In 28 trials of tamoxifen nearly 4000 of 16,513 women had died, and in 40 chemotherapy trials slightly more than 4000 of 13,442 women had died. The 8106 deaths were approximately evenly distributed over years 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5+ of follow-up, with little useful information beyond year 5. Systematic overviews of the results of these trials demonstrated reductions in mortality due to treatment that were significant when tamoxifen was compared with no tamoxifen (P less than 0.0001), any chemotherapy with no chemotherapy (P = 0.003), and polychemotherapy with single-agent chemotherapy (P = 0.001). In tamoxifen trials, there was a clear reduction in mortality only among women 50 or older, for whom assignment to tamoxifen reduced the annual odds of death during the first five years by about one fifth. In chemotherapy trials there was a clear reduction only among women under 50, for whom assignment to polychemotherapy reduced the annual odds of death during the first five years by about one quarter. Direct comparisons showed that combination chemotherapy was significantly more effective than single-agent therapy, but suggested that administration of chemotherapy for 8 to 24 months may offer no survival advantage over administration of the same chemotherapy for 4 to 6 months. Because it involved several thousand women, this overview was able to demonstrate particularly clearly that both tamoxifen and cytotoxic therapy can reduce five-year mortality.
Acoustic and oceanographic observations and configuration information for the WHOI moorings from the SW06 experiment (2007)

This document describes data, sensors, and other useful information pertaining to the moorings that were\ndeployed from the R/V Knorr from July 24th to August 4th, 2006 in support of the SW06 experiment. The\nSW06 experiment was a large, multi-disciplinary effort performed 100 miles east of the New Jersey coast. A\ntotal of 62 acoustic and oceanographic moorings were deployed and recovered. The moorings were deployed in\na “T” geometry to create an along-shelf path along the 80 meter isobath and an across-shelf path starting at 600\nmeters depth and going shoreward to a depth of 60 meters. A cluster of moorings was placed at the\nintersection of the two paths to create a dense sensor-populated area to measure a 3-dimensional physical\noceanography. Environmental moorings were deployed along both along-shelf and across-shelf paths to\nmeasure the physical oceanography along those paths. Moorings with acoustic sources were placed at the outer\nends of the “T” to propagate various signals along these paths. Five single hydrophone receivers were\npositioned on the across shelf path and a vertical and horizontal hydrophone array was positioned at the\nintersection of the “T” to get receptions from all the acoustics assets that were used during SW06.
New species in Aspergillus section Terrei (2011)

Section Terrei of Aspergillus was studied using a polyphasic approach including sequence analysis of parts of the β-tubulin and calmodulin genes and the ITS region, macro- and micromorphological analyses and examination of extrolite profiles to describe three new species in this section. Based on phylogenetic analysis of calmodulin and β-tubulin sequences seven lineages were observed among isolates that have previously been treated as A. terreus and its subspecies by Raper & Fennell (1965) and others. Aspergillus alabamensis, A. terreus var. floccosus, A. terreus var. africanus, A. terreus var. aureus, A. hortai and A. terreus NRRL 4017 all represent distinct lineages from the A. terreus clade. Among them, A. terreus var. floccosus, A. terreus NRRL 4017 and A. terreus var. aureus could also be distinguished from A. terreus by using ITS sequence data. New names are proposed for A. terreus var. floccosus, A. terreus var. africanus, A. terreus var. aureus, while Aspergillus hortai is recognised at species level. Aspergillus terreus NRRL 4017 is described as the new species A. pseudoterreus. Also included in section Terrei are some species formerly placed in sections Flavipedes and Versicolores. A. clade including the type isolate of A. niveus (CBS 115.27) constitutes a lineage closely related to A. carneus. Fennellia nivea, the hypothesized teleomorph is not related to this clade. Aspergillus allahabadii, A. niveus var. indicus, and two species originally placed in section Versicolores, A. ambiguus and A. microcysticus, also form well-defined lineages on all trees. Species in Aspergillus section Terrei are producers of a diverse array of secondary metabolites. However, many of the species in the section produce different combinations of the following metabolites: acetylaranotin, asperphenamate, aspochalamins, aspulvinones, asteltoxin, asterric acid, asterriquinones, aszonalenins, atrovenetins, butyrolactones, citreoisocoumarins, citreoviridins, citrinins, decaturins, fulvic acid, geodins, gregatins, mevinolins, serantrypinone, terreic acid (only the precursor 3,6-dihydroxytoluquinone found), terreins, terrequinones, terretonins and territrems. The cholesterol-lowering agent mevinolin was found in A. terreus and A. neoafricanus only. The hepatotoxic extrolite citrinin was found in eight species: A. alabamensis, A. allahabadii, A. carneus, A. floccosus, A. hortai, A. neoindicus, A. niveus and A. pseudoterreus. The neurotoxic extrolite citreoviridin was found in five species: A. neoafricanus, A. aureoterreus, A. pseudoterreus, A. terreus and A. neoniveus. Territrems, tremorgenic extrolites, were found in some strains of A. alabamensis and A. terreus.
Specificity of inducible nitric-oxide synthase inhibitors: prospects for their clinical therapy. (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous, naturally occurring molecule found in a variety of cell types and organ systems. It is a double-edged sword, beneficial as a messenger or modulator and for immunology self-defense, but potentially toxic. The formation and signal function of nitric oxide are mainly modulated by nitric-oxide synthase (NOS). Up to the present, a number of diseases, including circulatory shock, atherosclerosis, cardiac allograft rejection, chronic inflammation, cardiac infarction, cancer and so on, have been demonstrated that their pathogenesis may be involved in the sustained production of large quantities of nitric oxide. Animal studies and human studies have shown that specific inhibitors of inducible nitric-oxide synthase may be useful in the therapy of a variety of diseases associated with induction of nitric-oxide synthase. In this review, we compare and contrast these inhibitors along with examples of their use in the studies of medicine.
Interferon kinetics and adverse reactions after intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injection (1984)

Three groups of six subjects each received a single 36 X 10(6) U dose of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A) as a 40-min infusion, an intramuscular injection, or a subcutaneous injection. Blood samples were collected at specific times after dosing for analysis of rIFN-alpha A serum concentrations by an enzyme immunoassay method, ELISA. The rIFN-alpha A was rapidly distributed and moderately eliminated (t 1/2 = 5.1 hr) after intravenous infusion. The maximum concentrations at the end of intravenous infusion were tenfold the maximum concentrations after intramuscular and subcutaneous injections. Renal tubular secretion or extrarenal elimination was suggested by clearance values of 1.8 times the glomerular filtration rate. After intramuscular and subcutaneous injection, rIFN-alpha A was absorbed slowly (time to reach maximum concentration ranged from 4 to 8 hr), which resulted in prolonged serum concentrations. Estimated bioavailability was more than 80% for both intramuscular and subcutaneous injection shares qualitatively the same adverse reactions, the reactions differ in severity and duration. The adverse effects appear to be related to route of administration of herpes labialis were also noted. There were no significant clinical laboratory abnormalities of medical concern. Although rIFN-alpha A injected by intravenous infusion or intramuscular or subcutaneous injection shares qualitatively the same adverse reactions, the reactions differ in severity and duration. The adverse effects appear to be related to route of administration.
Registration with the Point Cloud Library: A Modular Framework for Aligning in 3-D (2015)

Registration is an important step when processing three-dimensional (3-D) point clouds. Applications for registration range from object modeling and tracking, to simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). This article presents the open-source point cloud library (PCL) and the tools available for point cloud registration. The PCL incorporates methods for the initial alignment of point clouds using a variety of local shape feature descriptors, as well as methods for refining initial alignments using different variants of the well-known iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. This article provides an overview on registration algorithms, usage examples of their PCL implementations, and tips for their application. Since the choice and parameterization of the right algorithm for a particular type of data is one of the biggest problems in 3-D point cloud registration, we present three complete examples of data (and applications) and the respective registration pipeline in the PCL. These examples include dense red-green-blue-depth (RGB-D) point clouds acquired by consumer color and depth cameras, high-resolution laser scans from commercial 3-D scanners, and low-resolution sparse point clouds captured by a custom lightweight 3-D scanner on a microaerial vehicle (MAV).
Elongational Viscosity of Narrow Molar Mass Distribution Polystyrene (2003)

Transient and steady elongational viscosity has been measured for two narrow molar mass distribution polystyrene melts of molar masses 200 000 and 390 000 by means of a filament stretching rheometer. Total Hencky strains of about five have been obtained. The transient elongational viscosity rises above the linear viscoelastic prediction at intermediate strains, indicating strain hardening. The steady elongational viscosities are monotone decreasing functions of elongation rate. At elongation rates larger than the inverse reptation time, the steady elongational viscosity scales linearly with molar mass at fixed elongation rate.
Analysis of criminal social networks with typed and directed edges (2015)

The relationships within criminal groups are of qualitatively different kinds, and are typically not symmetric because of issues of power and influence. Social network analysis techniques have not been able to model this richness of relationships well. We develop a new technique for spectral embedding of directed graphs, and combine it with a recently developed technique for spectral embedding of graphs with typed edges. We use the combination to model two 'Ndrangheta organized crime groups, and show that structure that is otherwise not visible can be extracted.
Chemoselective signalling of selected phospho-anions using lanthanide luminescence (2004)

Selectivity in the binding of phosphorylated tyrosine residues to aqua-lanthanide complexes is signalled by changes in spectral form by luminescence emission and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis of some Platinum(II) Diphosphine Complexes of the Type [PtX<sub>2</sub>(P-P)] (X<sub>2</sub>= CO<sub>3</sub>; X = CH<sub>3</sub>COO, CF<sub>3</sub>COO, NCO) (1997)

Abstract Treatment of aminobis(methylphosphine) complexes of platinum(II) with silver(I) salts in dichloromethane gives corresponding platinum(II) complexes of the type [PtX2(P-P)] where X2 = CO3; X= CH3COO, CF3COO, NCO; P-P = (Cy2PCH2)2NMe, dcpam; (Ph2PCH2)2NMe, dppam). The complexes have been characterised by using spectroscopic techniques such as 31P-{1H] and 1H NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry.
Identification of Rat Pancreatic Secretory Proteins after Separation by High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph (1988)

In the present study an improved method of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for separation of rat pancreatic juice proteins is introduced. Aliquots of pancreatic juice were saved from conscious rats during basal secretion. The secretory proteins were separated on a wide-pore silica column by use of a multistep acetonitrile/water gradient. Up to 14 individual peaks could be separated by one run. Molecular weight analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gels allowed identification of peaks representing amylase, lipase, procarboxypeptidases, proelastase, chymotrypsinogen, and trypsinogen. Injection of pure rat amylase increased one specific peak which was assumed to represent amylase in the juice profile. Small amounts of residual enzymatic activities were measured for amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin in material of certain peaks. Activities of lipase, ribonuclease, and carboxypeptidases were not found, which reflected degradation of these enzymes by the separation procedure. High activities of phospholipase A2 were detected in one specific, early-eluting peak. Reversed-phase HPLC offers precise, reproducible, and rapid separation of the major proteins of rat pancreatic juice.
G3BP1 promotes stress-induced RNA granule interactions to preserve polyadenylated mRNA (2015)

G3BP1, a target of TDP-43, is required for normal stress granule (SG) assembly, but the functional consequences of failed SG assembly remain unknown. Here, using both transformed cell lines and primary neurons, we investigated the functional impact of this disruption in SG dynamics. While stress-induced translational repression and recruitment of key SG proteins was undisturbed, depletion of G3BP1 or its upstream regulator TDP-43 disturbed normal interactions between SGs and processing bodies (PBs). This was concomitant with decreased SG size, reduced SG-PB docking, and impaired preservation of polyadenylated mRNA. Reintroduction of G3BP1 alone was sufficient to rescue all of these phenotypes, indicating that G3BP1 is essential for normal SG-PB interactions and SG function.
Role of Extracellular Polysaccharide and Endoglucanase in Root Invasion and Colonization of Tomato Plants by <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> (1997)

ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum is a soilborne plant pathogen that normally invades hosts through their roots and then systemically colonizes aerial tissues. Previous research using wounded stem infection found that the major factor in causing wilt symptoms was the high-molecular-mass acidic extracellular polysaccharide (EPS I), but the beta-1,4-endoglucanase (EG) also contributes to virulence. We investigated the importance of EPS I and EG for invasion and colonization of tomato by infesting soil of 4-week-old potted plants with either a wild-type derivative or genetically well-defined mutants lacking EPS I, EG, or EPS I and EG. Bacteria of all strains were recovered from surface-disinfested roots and hypocotyls as soon as 4 h after inoculation; that bacteria were present internally was confirmed using immunofluorescence microscopy. However, the EPS-minus mutants did not colonize stems as rapidly as the wild type and the EG-minus mutant. Inoculations of wounded petioles also showed that, even though the mutants multiplied as well as the wild type in planta, EPS-minus strains did not spread as well throughout the plant stem. We conclude that poor colonization of stems by EPS-minus strains after petiole inoculation or soil infestation is due to reduced bacterial movement within plant stem tissues.
What is the prevalence of vaginal dryness postpartum and what is the best treatment (2012)

The prevalence of postpartum vaginal dryness ranges from 17% by physical exam to 46% by patient report. Breastfeeding doubles the risk of vaginal dryness. For patients requesting treatment, topical estrogens twice a week may be considered (SOR: C, expert opinion and case reports).