gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of probiotics on body weight, body mass index, fat mass and fat percentage in subjects with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (2017)

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to examine the effects of probiotic supplementation on body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass and fat percentage in subjects with overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg m<sup>-2</sup> ) or obesity (BMI ≥30 kg m<sup>-2</sup> ). MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for studies published between 1946 and September 2016. A meta-analysis, using a random effects model, was performed to calculate the weighted mean difference between the intervention and control groups. Of 800 studies identified through the literature search, 15 were finally included. The studies comprised a total of 957 subjects (63% women), with the mean BMI being 27.6 kg m<sup>-2</sup> and the duration of the interventions ranging from 3 to 12 weeks. Administration of probiotics resulted in a significantly larger reduction in body weight (weighted mean difference [95% confidence interval]; -0.60 [-1.19, -0.01] kg, I<sup>2</sup> = 49%), BMI (-0.27 [-0.45, -0.08] kg m<sup>-2</sup> , I<sup>2</sup> = 57%) and fat percentage (-0.60 [-1.20, -0.01] %, I<sup>2</sup> = 19%), compared with placebo; however, the effect sizes were small. The effect of probiotics on fat mass was non-significant (-0.42 [-1.08, 0.23] kg, I<sup>2</sup> = 84%).
Prostate cancer stem cells (2008)

Despite the discovery over 60 years ago by Huggins and Hodges that prostate cancers respond to androgen deprivation therapy, hormone-refractory prostate cancer remains a major clinical challenge. There is now mounting evidence that solid tumours originate from undifferentiated stem cell-like cells coexisting within a heterogeneous tumour mass that drive tumour formation, maintain tumour homeostasis and initiate metastases. This review focuses upon current evidence for prostate cancer stem cells, addressing the identification and properties of both normal and transformed prostate stem cells.
Silicon Photonics Modulator Architectures for Multi-Level Signal Generation and Transmission (2017)

We present two SiP modulator architectures for PAM-4 signal generation. We demonstrate the transmission of 56 Gbaud PAM-4 over 1 km of SMF. An 84 Gbaud PAM-4 generation below KP4 FEC threshold is also achieved.
The RAPID Case Study: Requirements for and the Design of a Fast-Response Database System (1996)

Time-critical industrial applications represent a database requirement profile which is significantly different from that in traditional (business) database applications. Results of a corresponding needs survey performed among leading developers of factory systems are presented in the paper. The requirements have paved way to the development of the RAPID system--a fast-response and active history database Client/Server system which has a unique assortment of temporal and active characteristics. Some of the most crucial design questions are discussed, including the choice of the process architecture and concurrency models, the temporal table model and the triggers semantics. 1 Introduction In a complex industrial installation (such as a paper mill, a power plant or a chemical process) a lot of data is produced by sensors and the automatic control system. In order to post-process the data, the system has to cope with the following data characteristics: . the data assimilation rate may...
Analgesic Effects of Sazetidine-A, a New Nicotinic Cholinergic Drug (2008)

Sazetidine-A seems to be a potent analgesic without causing neurologic side effects.
Divergent Effects of Interleukin-4 and Interferon-γ on Macrophage-Derived Chemokine Production: An Amplification Circuit of Polarized T Helper 2 Responses (1998)

Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) is a CC chemokine that recognizes the CCR4 receptor and is selective for T helper 2 (Th2) versus T helper 1 (Th1) cells. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the prototypic Th2/Th1 cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), on the production of MDC by human monocytes. IL-4 and IL-13 caused a time-dependent (plateau at 24 hours) and concentration-dependent (EC50 2 and 10 ng/mL, respectively) increase of MDC mRNA levels in monocytes. Increased expression of MDC mRNA was associated with protein release in the supernatant. MDC expression and production induced by IL-4 and IL-13 were inhibited by IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma also suppressed the constitutive expression of MDC in mature macrophages and dendritic cells. These results delineate an amplification loop of polarized Th2 responses based on differential regulation of MDC production by IL-4 and IL-13 versus IFN-gamma and on the selectivity of this chemokine for polarized Th2 cells.
A deep learning framework for financial time series using stacked autoencoders and long-short term memory (2017)

The application of deep learning approaches to finance has received a great deal of attention from both investors and researchers. This study presents a novel deep learning framework where wavelet transforms (WT), stacked autoencoders (SAEs) and long-short term memory (LSTM) are combined for stock price forecasting. The SAEs for hierarchically extracted deep features is introduced into stock price forecasting for the first time. The deep learning framework comprises three stages. First, the stock price time series is decomposed by WT to eliminate noise. Second, SAEs is applied to generate deep high-level features for predicting the stock price. Third, high-level denoising features are fed into LSTM to forecast the next day's closing price. Six market indices and their corresponding index futures are chosen to examine the performance of the proposed model. Results show that the proposed model outperforms other similar models in both predictive accuracy and profitability performance.
Individualized Rank Aggregation using Nuclear Norm Regularization (2014)

In recent years rank aggregation has received significant attention from the machine learning community. The goal of such a problem is to combine the (partially revealed) preferences over objects of a large population into a single, relatively consistent ordering of those objects. However, in many cases, we might not want a single ranking and instead opt for individual rankings. We study a version of the problem known as collaborative ranking. In this problem we assume that individual users provide us with pairwise preferences (for example purchasing one item over another). From those preferences we wish to obtain rankings on items that the users have not had an opportunity to explore. The results here have a very interesting connection to the standard matrix completion problem. We provide a theoretical justification for a nuclear norm regularized optimization procedure, and provide high-dimensional scaling results that show how the error in estimating user preferences behaves as the number of observations increase.
Attenuation and velocity measurement at GHz frequencies in thin film Carbon Doped Silicon Oxide (2010)

Acoustical attenuation and velocity parameters for Carbon Doped Oxide (CDO) thin films at GHz frequencies are needed to design Coupled Resonator Filters (CRF). CDO exhibits longitudinal acoustical impedance in the range of 2 to 11 MRayls, velocity of 2400 to 4000 m/s, and acoustical attenuation of 300 to 5000 dB/cm @ 1 GHz. A novel short loop acoustical technique is presented to make these measurements. An FBAR resonator, operating at the quarter wavelength (λ/4) frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CDO</sub> , excites a CDO thin film. The CDO is made λ/4 thick in order to de-couple the CDO film from the FBAR. From the measured thickness t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CDO</sub> and λ/4 frequency of the CDO, the velocity v may be calculated: v=4t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CDO</sub> f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CDO</sub> . From the measured quality factor Q and wave number k=ω/v, the attenuation constant α-k/(2Q) is calculated. By building matched λ/4 thick resonator/CDO film stacks at different frequencies, the CDO attenuation versus frequency is obtained. A linear (f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> ) attenuation, not the usual quadratic (f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), dependence on frequency is found. The measurement technique will be described in detail, as well as limitations on the range of validity. A series of CDO film compositions on FBARS were made. Synthesis of the CDO films was discussed previously. A typical CDO film exhibited acoustical v=3250 m/s, impedance=4.7 MRayls, and α=2000 dB/cm @ 1 GHz, (f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> ) dependence. For well matched λ/4 FBAR resonators and CDO films, the short loop results were quite accurate. When the quarter wavelength condition of either the FBAR or CDO film was violated, there is a slight error in the velocity and attenuation measured. In either case the results are compared to those of values obtained by detailed analysis of the measured scattering parameters in a Mason equivalent circuit.
Studies on the Experimental Chemotherapy for Dermatomycosis and Candidiasis. II (1962)

In a search for antimicrobial substance among azo compounds, some examinations were made on compounds with p-phenylazophenol structure and in which vitro group had been introduced. In vitro growth-inhibitory tests were carried out on 33 compounds of p-(p-nitrophenylazo)phenol introduced with nitro, halogen, or other substituents, and 14 kinds of azophenol compounds containing a nitro group, using six kinds of fungi, Trichophyton asteroides, T. interdigitale, T. schoenleinii, Microsporum gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Candida albicans. It was found that 3-Chloro-and 3-bromo-4-(p-nitrophenylazo)phenol had growth-inhibitory action against all the fungi tested in a high dilution of 1:2, 560, 000 to 1:10, 240, 000.
Pathogenic antibodies induced by spike proteins of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV viruses (2021)

Abstract This study, using a virus-free mouse model, explores the pathogenic roles and novel mechanism of action of certain antibodies specific to the spike proteins of highly pathogenic coronaviruses such as the COVID-19 and the SARS-CoV viruses. These pathogenic antibodies, induced during a highly pathogenic infection such as the COVID-19 infection, target and bind to host vulnerable cells or tissues such as damaged lung epithelium cells, initiate a persistent self-attack immune response, and lead to serious conditions including ARDS, cytokine storms, and death. Moreover, the pathogenic antibodies may also be responsible for infection-related autoimmune diseases, including those experienced by COVID-19 long haulers. Furthermore, the pathogenic antibodies can bind to the unmatured fetal tissues and cause abortions, postpartum labors, still births, and neonatal deaths of pregnant females. Novel clinical interventions, through disrupting the binding of these pathogenic antibodies, can be developed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the new concept explored by this study may be applicable to other infectious diseases, such as the highly pathogenic influenza infections.
First Principles Density Functional Study of the Adsorption and Dissociation of Carbonyl Compounds on Magnesium Oxide Nanosurfaces (2006)

The adsorption and dissociation of three carbonyl compounds, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone, on the magnesium oxide nanosurface, consisting of four stacked (MgO)3 hexagons, is investigated by first principles density functional theory (DFT). In the case of formaldehyde, strongly chemisorbed species, with carboxylate-like structures, are initially formed. These may subsequently undergo heterolytic cleavage of an aldehyde C-H bond to form formate ions involving a surface oxide ion and a hydride ion adsorbed over the magnesium dication [(MgH+)(HCOO-)]. For acetaldehyde, besides this reaction leading to the formation of acetate, the methyl hydrogen of the adsorbed species also tends to attach itself to a surface oxide ion, yielding surface hydroxyl ions and adsorbed [CH2=C(H)OMg]+. These results are in accord with our previous experimental and theoretical results. In particular, the shift of the aldehyde C-H vibration band to higher frequency and the appearance of OH bands in the infrared spectrum are clearly accounted for. For acetone, the mechanism is found to be similar, i.e., a methyl hydrogen shift to yield surface enolate. Again, this is in agreement with experimental studies.
Hemagglutinins in marine algae. (1981)

We surveyed the Japanese marine algae for hemagglutinins with rabbit erythrocytes. Algae used in this screening were 53 species; 6 species of green algae, 42 of red algae and 5 of brown algae. The results showed the presence of the active components with strong activities in 14 species; 4 species of the green algae, 9 of the red algae and 1 of the brown algae. The extracts of the algae which gave positive results were further examined for hemagglutinating activity against other erythrocytes of animals and human A, B, O and AB groups. Of the 14 species positive to hemaggutination with rabbit erythrocytes, 5 species showed no hemagglutinating activity with human erythrocytes. The results also inticated that the extract of a green alga Ulva arasakii reacted preferentially with erythrocytes of human A and O groups, and that those of both a green alga Bryopsis hypnoides and a red alga Laurencia undulata showed more specific activities with human B erythrocytes than with the others. There were no marked features in the distribution of the hemagglutinins among marine algae tested.
Cellulose Nanocrystal/Silver Nanoparticle Composites as Bifunctional Nanofillers within Waterborne Polyurethane (2012)

Developing bionanocomposites from renewable biomass is a viable supplement for materials produced from mineral and fossil fuel resources. In this study, nanocomposites composed of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CCNs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared and used as bifunctional nanofillers to improve the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of waterborne polyurethane (WPU). Morphology, structure and performance of the CCNs/AgNPs nanocomposites and WPU-based films were investigated. WPU-based composite films were homogeneous and reinforced. The WPU/CCNs/AgNPs composite showed excellent antimicrobial properties in killing both Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus. The CCNs/AgNPs nanocomposites could be applied as bifunctional nanofillers within WPU.
Engineering in History. By Richard Shelton Kirby, Sidney Withington, Arthur Burr Darling, Frederick Gridley Kilgour. Pp. viii + 530; numerous illustrations. New York, Toronto, London, 1956: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. 64<i>s</i>. ($8.50). (1956)

Engineering in History. By Richard Shelton Kirby, Sidney Withington, Arthur Burr Darling, Frederick Gridley Kilgour. Pp. viii + 530; numerous illustrations. New York, Toronto, London, 1956: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. 64s. ($8.50). - Volume 2 Issue 14
Growth of ZnO Nanowires in Aqueous Solution by a Dissolution‐Growth Mechanism (2008)

A novel methodology based on the dissolution‐growth mechanism was developed to prepare ZnO nanowires films. The film morphology and structure were investigated by using field emission scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis methods. The results show that the ZnO nanowires are single crystalline c ‐oriented wurtzite. The ZnO rod crystals were eroded to provide the growth primitive of ZnO nanowires, which formed on top of the rod crystals when the erosion reaction got the equilibrium. The length of the resultant nanowires is rather large because the successive erosion of the rod crystals maintains the low concentration of Zn 2 O(OH) 2 n −2 in the aqueous solution.
Follicular unit extraction hair transplant (2010)

Hair transplantation has come a long way from the days of Punch Hair Transplant by Dr. Orentreich in 1950s to Follicular Unit Hair Transplant (FUT) of 1990s and the very recent Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) technique. With the advent of FUE, the dream of 'no visible scarring' in the donor area is now looking like a possibility. In FUE, the grafts are extracted as individual follicular units in a two-step or three-step technique whereas the method of implantation remains the same as in the traditional FUT. The addition of latest automated FUE technique seeks to overcome some of the limitations in this relatively new technique and it is now possible to achieve more than a thousand grafts in one day in trained hands. This article reviews the methodology, limitations and advantages of FUE hair transplant.
Lattice of disclinations: The structure of the blue phases of cholesteric liquid crystals (1983)

We argue that the basic mechanism stabilizing the blue phases is the appearance of double cholesteric twist. The free-energy cost of the disclination lattice that inevitably accompanies double twist becomes small near the clearing point. We use the director picture and the Oseen-Frank equations in a computer calculation of the free energy for three specific models, with ${O}^{5}$, ${O}^{2}$, and ${O}^{8}$ symmetry. Disclinations are treated as having an isotropic core. Comparison of the results of the computation with a number of experimental quantities is given. In a final section, a mean-field theory of disclinations is presented. It is argued there that the biaxiality, which is a characteristic of Landau theories of the blue phase, can be considered as an "escape" of the core of the disclination, forced by the implicit requirement of analyticity.
Tolerance and Efficacy of Interfering Alpha-streptococci in Recurrence of Streptococcal Pharyngotonsillitis: a Placebo-controlled Study (1999)

A total of 342 patients with clinical signs of tonsillitis and suspected group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (GAS) aetiology, verified with rapid test and GAS culture, were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre study. They received antibiotic treatment for 10 days, followed by 10 days of alpha-streptococcal or placebo spray treatment in the ratio of 2 : 1. Pharyngeal status, throat culture and adverse events were investigated up to 75 days after treatment. The frequency of bacteriologically verified clinical recurrence was 13% in the alpha-streptococcal group and 15% in the placebo group at the follow-up on day 22. The corresponding figures at the last valid visit after 45-75 days were 19% and 30%, respectively, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.037). Furthermore, at the last valid visit 5% of subjects in the alpha-streptococcal and 12% in the placebo group were healthy carriers, bacteriological treatment failures, of GAS (p = 0.029). Treatment with alpha-streptococci and placebo spray were equally well tolerated. Thus, re-colonization with alpha-streptococci seem to hinder late recurrences of GAS pharyngotonsillitis.
Demand-driven software race detection using hardware performance counters (2011)

Dynamic data race detectors are an important mechanism for creating robust parallel programs. Software race detectors instrument the program under test, observe each memory access, and watch for inter-thread data sharing that could lead to concurrency errors. While this method of bug hunting can find races that are normally difficult to observe, it also suffers from high runtime overheads. It is not uncommon for commercial race detectors to experience 300x slowdowns, limiting their usage. This paper presents a hardware-assisted demand-driven race detector. We are able to observe cache events that are indicative of data sharing between threads by taking advantage of hardware available on modern commercial microprocessors. We use these to build a race detector that is only enabled when it is likely that inter-thread data sharing is occurring. When little sharing takes place, this demand-driven analysis is much faster than contemporary continuous-analysis tools without a large loss of detection accuracy. We modified the race detector in Intel(R) Inspector XE to utilize our hardware-based sharing indicator and were able to achieve performance increases of 3x and 10x in two parallel benchmark suites and 51x for one particular program.
ALK1 signalling analysis identifies angiogenesis related genes and reveals disparity between TGF-β and constitutively active receptor induced gene expression (2006)

Gene array analysis identified 49 genes to be regulated by ALK1 signalling and at least 14 genes are reported to be involved in angiogenesis. There was substantial agreement between the gene array and quantitative real-time PCR data. The angiogenesis related genes might be potential HHT modifier genes. In addition, the results suggest endothelial cell type specific ALK1 and TGF-beta signalling.
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Is Initiated by the FabY Class of β-Ketoacyl Acyl Carrier Protein Synthases (2012)

The prototypical type II fatty acid synthesis (FAS) pathway in bacteria utilizes two distinct classes of β-ketoacyl synthase (KAS) domains to assemble long-chain fatty acids, the KASIII domain for initiation and the KASI/II domain for elongation. The central role of FAS in bacterial viability and virulence has stimulated significant effort toward developing KAS inhibitors, particularly against the KASIII domain of the β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase FabH. Herein, we show that the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa does not utilize a FabH ortholog but rather a new class of divergent KAS I/II enzymes to initiate the FAS pathway. When a P. aeruginosa cosmid library was used to rescue growth in a fabH downregulated strain of Escherichia coli, a single unannotated open reading frame, PA5174, complemented fabH depletion. While deletion of all four KASIII domain-encoding genes in the same P. aeruginosa strain resulted in a wild-type growth phenotype, deletion of PA5174 alone specifically attenuated growth due to a defect in de novo FAS. Siderophore secretion and quorum-sensing signaling, particularly in the rhl and Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) systems, was significantly muted in the absence of PA5174. The defect could be repaired by intergeneric complementation with E. coli fabH. Characterization of recombinant PA5174 confirmed a preference for short-chain acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) substrates, supporting the identification of PA5174 as the predominant enzyme catalyzing the condensation of acetyl coenzyme A with malonyl-ACP in P. aeruginosa. The identification of the functional role for PA5174 in FAS defines the new FabY class of β-ketoacyl synthase KASI/II domain condensation enzymes.
IgE mediated anaphylaxis due to a psyllium-containing drug. (1984)

This is a case report of an IgE mediated anaphylaxis of an atopic person to the ingestion of a psyllium seed laxative.
Low pressure metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition of cubic GaN over (100) GaAs substrates (1994)

We report on the low pressure metal organic chemical-vapor deposition of single crystal cubic GaN films over (100) GaAs substrates. Using photoluminescence and direct optical absorption measurements we estimate the band gap for c-GaN at room temperature to be 3.3 eV. Reflection high energy electron diffraction, x-ray, transmission electron microscopy, optical absorption, and room-temperature photoluminescence data are presented to establish the quality of a 0.8-μm-thick cubic GaN film over (100) GaAs substrate. Preliminary measurement results for the carrier density and mobility of the as-deposited c-GaN film are also presented.