gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-period, long-duration seismic events during hydraulic fracture stimulation of a shale gas reservoir (2011)

We report here a series of long-period and long-duration (LPLD) seismic events observed during hydraulic fracturing in a shale gas reservoir. These unusual events, 10–100 s in duration, are observed most clearly in the frequency band of 10–80 Hz and are remarkably similar in appearance to tectonic tremor sequences first observed in subduction zones. These complex but coherent wave trains have finite moveouts obtained from cross-correlation. The moveout direction of the events confirms that they originate in the reservoir from the area where the fracturing is going on. Clear P- and S-wave arrivals cannot be resolved within the LPLD episodes but, in some cases, small micro-earthquakes occur in the sequences. Whether these micro-earthquakes are causal or coincidental is not known. It has also been observed that in three contiguous frac-stages, all LPLD events appear to come from two distinct places along one of two hypothetical fracture planes. Interestingly, the stages which have the largest number of LPLD events also have the highest observed pumping pressures during fracturing, the highest density of natural fractures, and the greatest number of micro-earthquakes. One possible explanation of these LPLD events is that the high pore fluid pressure during hydraulic fracturing stimulates slow slip on pre-existing fault planes. In the absence of elevated pressure, slip would not be expected on these planes as they are poorly oriented to the stress field. Slip on these fault planes may be occurring because the fluid pressure is close to the magnitude of the least principal stress. We observe a few events between pumping cycles perhaps indicating that, once triggered, these planes continue to slip due to the high transient pressure within the fault planes after pumping has stopped.
Modeling side chains in peptides and proteins: Application of the locally enhanced sampling and the simulated annealing methods to find minimum energy conformations (1991)

A new optimization protocol is proposed which is based on a combination of a mean field approximation and simulated annealing. Instead of optimizing the energy of the real system the energy of a new mean field system is minimized. The global minimum of the new system and the original system is the same. The mean-field optimization is advantageous to the optimization of the real system since (a) More statistics are obtained for alternative solutions and (b) the barrier heights separating the minima are reduced compared to the real system. Computational examples are provided for placement of side chains in tetrapeptides and in a small protein BPTI.
Topical Hazard Evaluation Program of Candidate Insect Repellent AI3-36551 Cyclorome. (1977)

A hazard evaluation of AI3-36551 was conducted using New Zealand White rabbits for skin and eye studies; Hartley guinea pigs for a skin sensitization study; and Sprague-Dawley, Wistar-derived rats for acute oral toxicity. The candidate insect repellent caused no skin or eye irritation, no photochemical irritation, no sensitization reaction and did not demonstrate an acute ingestion hazard. Based on these findings, it is recommended that AI3-36551 be approved for further testing as a candidate topical insect repellent. (Author)
Structural Health Monitoring (2006)

steel versus FRPs in tension, and a sample assignment is provided. Module 3 -An Introduction to FRP-Reinforced ConcreteThe use of FRP bars, rods, and tendons as internal tensile reinforcement for new concrete structures is presented and discussed in detail.Included are discussions of FRP materials relevant to these applications, flexural design guidelines, serviceability criteria, deformability, bar spacing, and various additional considerations.A number of case studies are also discussed.A series of worked example problems, a suggested assignment with solutions, and a suggested laboratory incorporating FRPreinforced concrete beams are all included. Module 4 -An Introduction to FRP-Strengthening of Concrete StructuresThe use of externally-bonded FRP reinforcement for strengthening concrete structures is discussed in detail.FRP materials relevant to these applications are first presented, followed by detailed discussions of FRP-strengthening of concrete structures in flexure, shear, and axial compression.A series of worked examples are presented, case studies are outlined, and additional, more specialized, applications are introduced.A suggested assignment is provided with worked solutions, and a potential laboratory for strengthening concrete beams in flexure with externally-bonded FRP sheets is outlined.
A DC-50 GHz CMOS Switched-Type Attenuator With Capacitive Compensation Technique (2020)

This paper presents an ultra-broadband 5-bit switched-type attenuator (STA). Three attenuation topologies are employed for the design of the attenuation cells, including the T-type, simplified T-type and Π-type topologies. For each attenuation topology, the optimal values of the series and shunt resistors are derived to achieve accurate amplitude tuning and ensure good impedance matching. The capacitive compensation technique is adopted by both the T-type and Π-type topologies to enhance the high-frequency performance. Based on the proposed optimization techniques, a systematic design methodology is developed for the STA. The 5-bit STA is implemented in 65-nm CMOS technology and occupies a core chip area of only 0.036 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It exhibits ultra-broadband operation with 15.5-dB amplitude tuning range and 0.5-dB tuning step. The insertion loss of the reference state is 1.5 - 5.9 dB from DC to 50 GHz. The return loss is better than 12 dB for all the 32 states. The RMS amplitude error and phase error are less than 0.25 dB and 3.5° over the DC - 50 GHz band.
Lysophosphatidylcholine and secretory phospholipase A2 in vascular disease: mediators of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. (2006)

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is the major component of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and it has the ability to initiate or amplify several steps in atherogenesis due to its ability to impair endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, enhance endothelial proliferation and permeability, stimulate adhesion and activation of lymphocytes, initiate chemotaxis of macrophages, impair migration and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and modify platelet aggregation and coagulation pathways. For many of the LPC-induced effects, protein kinase C-dependent pathways have been implicated. In addition, modulation of ion current activity in the cell membrane, binding to a specific oxLDL receptor or to G-protein coupled receptors, as well as amplification of a highly oxidative state have all been postulated as likely mediating mechanisms. Secretory phopholipase A(2)-II (sPLA(2)-II) is one of the enzymes responsible for LPC production. sPLA(2)-II has been recently recognized as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. sPLA(2)-II favors the formation of bioactive lipids, stimulates SMC proliferation, activates macrophages enhancing lipid core formation and cytokine secretion, and binds to proteoglycans in the vessel wall matrix promoting lipid fusion and accumulation. The non-catalytic atherogenic effects of sPLA(2)-II are thought to be related to binding to an M-type receptor. Commonly used medications have been shown to decrease sPLA(2)-II activity generating a legitimate interest in the effects of the sPLA(2)-II pharmacologic antagonism. LPC and sPLA(2)-II are two very important mediators in atherosclerosis. Further research is warranted to clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie their actions and to correlate in vitro data with clinical observations.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide. Characterization of Binding Sites and Structure-Activity Relationships in the Eye and Effects on Intraocular Pressure (2004)

Glaukooma on krooninen, asteittain etenevä näköhermon sairaus, jonka tärkein riskitekijä on korkea silmänpaine. CGRP on 37:stä aminohaposta koostuva peptidi, jota esiintyy tunto- ja liikehermoissa sekä keskus- että ääreishermostossa. Sillä on monia tehtäviä, mutta ehkä parhaiten se tunnetaan verisuonia voimakkaasti laajentavana yhdisteenä. Silmässä sitä on löydetty esim. sarveiskalvosta, sädekehästä, värikalvon verisuonista, kammiokulman trabekkelikudoksesta ja suonikalvosta. Silmän etukammioon annettuna sen on havaittu alentavan silmänpainetta kissan silmässä lisäämällä kammionesteen ulosvirtausta, kun taas kanin silmässä sen on havaittu helposti nostavan silmänpainetta rikkomalla veri-kammioneste-esteen silmässä.\n\nTutkimuksessa todettiin, että CGRP vaikuttaa merkittävästi silmän kammionesteen dynamiikkaan vaikuttamalla ainakin kammionesteen ulosvirtaukseen. CGRP:n havaittiin kanilla aiheuttavan lasiaiseen annosteltuna pitkittyneen silmänpaineen laskun ja lisäävän sekä silmän etukammioon että lasiaiseen annettuna kammionesteen poistumista. Prostaglandiini F2a:n kanssa yhdessä annettuna niiden yhteisvaikutus ei merkittävästi lisännyt CGRP:n itsensä aiheuttamaa vaikutusta. Spesifisiä sitoutumiskohtia löydettiin kissan kammiokulman alueen lisäksi apinan, sian, kissan ja marsun silmän eri kudoksista ja ne saattavat merkitä sillä olevan myös muita tehtäviä silmässä. Rakenteeltaan CGRP:tä lähellä olevat amyliinit pystyivät myös syrjäyttämään CGRP:n spesifistä sitoutumista, osoittaen niiden pystyvän sitoutumaan CGRP:n kanssa samoihin reseptoreihin silmässä. CGRP:n rakennetutkimuksessa ilmeni lisäksi erityisesti molekyylin alkupäässä tehtävien muutosten vaikuttavan peptidin aktiivisuuteen ja loppupäässä tehtävien muutosten vaikuttavan reseptorisitoutumiseen.\n\nCGRP -molekyylin iso koko estää sen imeytymisen silmän sisään suoraan silmän pinnalta. Sen kammionesteen ulosvirtausta lisäävä vaikutus tekee siitä kuitenkin mielenkiintoisen yhdisteen glaukooman hoidon kannalta. Peptidin toiminnalle oleellisten aminohappojen ja kolmiulotteisen rakenteen vielä tarkempi kartoittaminen tulevaisuudessa parantaa mahdollisuuksia kehittää silmänpainetaudin hoitoon CGRP:stä lyhyempi, helpommin silmän sisään imeytyvä peptidi, tai jokin muu samat ominaisuudet omaava yhdiste.
Hinduism (1991)

THESE guidelines are intended to help health care staff in unfamiliar situations, particularly if no im-mediate family members are available. If possible, the views of the individual or family concerned should be sought first.
Comparative molecular modeling and crystallization of P‐30 protein: A novel antitumor protein of <i>Rana pipiens</i> oocytes and early embryos (1992)

The P-30 protein (Onconase) of Rana pipiens oocytes and early embryos is homologous to members of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily and exhibits an antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. It appears that the ribonucleolytic activity of P-30 protein may be required for its antitumor effects. A comparative molecular model of P-30 protein has been constructed based upon the known three-dimensional structure of bovine pancreatic RNase A in order to provide structural information. Functionally, these enzymes hydrolyze oligoribonucleotides to pyrimidine-3'-phosphate monoesters and 5'-OH ribonucleotides. In the modeling procedure, automated sequence alignments were revised based upon the inspection of the RNase A structure before the amino acids of the P-30 protein were assigned the coordinates of the RNase A template. The inevitable intermolecular steric clashes that result were relieved on an interactive graphics device through the adjustment of side chain torsion angles. This process was followed by energy minimization of the model, which served to optimize stereochemical geometry and to relieve any remaining unacceptably close contacts. The resulting model retains the essential features of RNase A as sequence insertions and deletions are almost exclusively found in exposed surface loops. The all atom superposition of active site residues of the P-30 protein model and an identically minimized RNase A structure has a root mean square deviation of 0.52 A. Though tentative, the model is consistent with a pyrimidine specificity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recent Developments for Crystallographic Refinement of Macromolecules (2003)

In the past decade macromolecular crystallography has undergone major advances in crystallization, data collection by synchrotron X-ray sources and area detectors, and data analysis by high performance computers and new computational techniques. In addition, recombinant gene technology in many cases allows the expression of large amounts of protein. This has resulted in an unprecedented increase in the number of protein crystal structures elucidated. Despite these successes, the fundamental problem in X-ray crystallography, the phase problem, remains unchanged. From a monochromatic diffraction experiment of a single crystal, it is possible to obtain the amplitudes, but not the phases of the reflections. Construction of the electron density by Fourier transformation requires both components of the complex structure factors. Phase information has to be obtained through experimental procedures, most commonly multiple isomorphous replacement, or knowledge-based procedures referred to as Patterson search or molecular replacement. Phase information obtained through these techniques is usually of limited accuracy and resolution, making it often difficult to interpret electron density maps in certain regions of the molecule. Furthermore, macromolecular crystals mostly diffract to less than atomic resolution, causing the process of fitting an atomic model to the observed intensities to be underdetermined.
Optimization of the arrangement compact range-modulated scattering probe array for rapid far-field antenna measurement (1993)

The authors present, the possibility to measure far-field patterns of antennas in a compact antenna test range (CATR) without mechanical movement. They first describe the possibility of the modulated scattering technique (MST) to measure the electric field in the focal plane (FP). They discuss a suitable arrangement allowing antenna measurements. A comparison with a classical technique performed at ESA-ESTEC is shown. They conclude by emphasizing the potential of this new technique. >
Near-hover control of a helicopter with a hanging load (1976)

Piloting a helicopter with a hanging load is a difficult task, especially when the mass of the load is a significant fraction of the mass of the vehicle and there are gusty winds. An autopilot logic is proposed here for controlling the helicopter in this configuration and for precision hover. It is proposed that the vehicle position be measured using a lightweight cable from the helicopter to a point on the ground near the desired hover point. Simulation with one version of S-61 Sikorsky helicopter shows satisfactory controller performance under both design conditions and for parameter changes from one mission to another. Assuming noise-free measurements for feedback is found to be far too optimistic in predicting performance, the sensor/estimator design is a key element in the controller.
X-by-Wire Plattform — Konzept und Auslegung (2011)

Zusammenfassung Dargestellt wird eine X-by-Wire Plattform zur gesamtheitlichen Umsetzung des Global Chassis-Control. Die Plattform basiert auf FlexRay-Technologie. Sie vermag eine Vielzahl aktiver Fahrerassistenzfunktionen unterschiedlicher Sicherheitsintegrität auszuführen — ohne mechanische Rückfallebene. Die X-by-Wire Plattform wurde im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes SPARC entwickelt, als Prototyp in drei Fahrzeuge integriert und auf einer Teststrecke getestet. Einen Weg zu zeigen, wie eine komplexe Plattform unter Berücksichtigung der Sicherheitsintegrität ausgelegt werden kann, ist Kern dieses Beitrags.
Somatically mutated Ig VH3-21 genes characterize a new subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2002)

Recent studies on the immunoglobulin variable heavy chain (IgV(H)) genes have revealed that B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) consists of at least 2 clinical entities with either somatically mutated or unmutated V(H) genes. We have analyzed the V(H) gene mutation status and V(H) gene usage in 119 B-CLL cases and correlated them to overall survival. A novel finding was the preferential use of the V(H)3-21 gene in mutated cases, whereas biased V(H)1-69 gene usage was found in unmutated cases as previously reported. Interestingly, the subset of mutated cases using the V(H)3-21 gene displayed distinctive genotypic/phenotypic characteristics with shorter average length of the complementarity determining region 3 and clonal expression of lambda light chains. In addition, this mutated subset showed significantly shorter survival than other mutated cases and a similar clinical course to unmutated cases. We therefore suggest that B-CLL cases with mutated V(H)3-21 genes may constitute an additional entity of B-CLL.
Automatic registration of 3-D ultrasound images (2002)

One of the most promising applications of 3-D ultrasound lies in the visualisation and volume estimation of internal 3-D structures. Unfortunately, artifacts and speckle make automatic analysis of the data difficult. In this paper we investigate the use of 3-D spatial compounding to improve data quality, and find that accurate registration is the key. A correlation-based registration technique is applied to 3-D ultrasound data acquired from in-vivo examinations of a human gall bladder. We find that the registration technique performs well, and visualisation and segmentation of the compounded data are clearly improved.
Economic burden and quality of life of vulvodynia in the United States (2012)

Vulvodynia is associated with a huge economic burden to both individuals and society. It is also related to a relatively low quality of life.
The development of high energy product permanent magnets from 2:17 RE-TM alloys (1984)

The remanence, B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> , of sintered 2:17 RE-TM permanent magnets depends on saturation magnetization, M <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> , particle alignment, and packing density. Methods to estimate upper bounds for M <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> and energy product, (BH) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> , as a function of composition are presented. As B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> is limited by processing variables, (BH) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> is limited by intrinsic coercivity, <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</inf> H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , and loop squareness. The coercivities of the 2:17 RE-TM permanent magnets are controlled by the alloy microstructures and the compositions of the phases comprising these microstructures. Some aspects of the response of these alloy systems to compositional and heat treating variables are discussed in light of a model proposed for their metallurgical behavior.
Long-range corrected hybrid functionals for π-conjugated systems: Dependence of the range-separation parameter on conjugation length (2011)

Long-range corrected (range-separated hybrid) functionals represent a relatively new class of functionals for generalized Kohn-Sham theory that have proven to be very successful, for instance, when it comes to predicting ionization potentials and energy gaps for a wide range of molecules and solids. The results obtained from long-range corrected density functional theory approaches can be improved dramatically, if the range-separation parameter (ω) is optimized for each system separately. In this work, we have optimized ω for a series of π-conjugated molecular systems of increasing length by forcing the resulting functionals to obey the ionization potential-theorem, i.e., that their highest occupied eigenvalue be equal to the ΔSCF ionization potential. The optimized ω values are observed to vary substantially from their default values for the functionals. For highly conjugated chains such as oligoacenes and polyenes, we find that the characteristic length scale of the range-separation, i.e., 1/ω, grows almost linearly with the number of repeat units, for saturated alkane chains, however, 1/ω quickly saturates after 5-6 repeat units. For oligothiophenes, we find that 1/ω grows linearly for the shorter oligomers but then saturates at around 10 repeat units. Our results point to a close relation between the optimal range-separation parameter and the degree of conjugation in the system.
Determination of the authenticity of vanilla extracts by stable isotope ratio analysis and component analysis by HPLC (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of the authenticity of vanilla extracts by stable isotope ratio analysis and component analysis by HPLCGuenther Lamprecht, Friedrich Pichlmayer, and Erich R. SchmidCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 8, 1722–1727Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00044a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00044a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views842Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts