gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion‐Binding to Phospholipids (1975)

Surface chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques have been used to study the interaction of Ca2+ and lanthanides with lecithins. With both methods positive reactions were detected at metal concentrations greater than 0.1 mM. 1H and 31P high-resolution NMR spectra obtained with single bilayer vesicles of lecithin were invariant up to Ca2+ concentrations of 0.1 M indicating that there is only a loose association between Ca2+ and the phospholipid. The weak interaction between Ca2+ and lecithin is confirmed by both surface chemical and NMR techniques showing that the packing of egg lecithin molecules present in bilayers does not change up to Ca2+ concentrations of about 0.1 M. The packing was also independent of pH between 1--10. Contradictory results have been reported in the literature concerning the question of Ca2+ binding to lecithins. The conflicting results are shown to have arisen from differences in the experimental conditions and differences in the sensitivity of the physical methods used by various authors to study Ca2+ -lecithin interactions. An estimate of the strength of binding and molecular details of the interaction were derived using paramagnetic lanthanides as isomorphous replacements for Ca2+. From the changes in chemical shifts induced in the presence of lanthanides an apparent binding constant KA approximately 30 l/mol was calculated at lanthanide concentrations greater than 10 mM. Using surface chemical methods it was shown that this KA is up to 10 times larger than that for Ca2+ binding. The complete assignment of the 1H NMR spectrum of lecithin, including the resonances from the relatively immobilized glycerol group, was determined to derive molecular details of the cation-lecithin interaction. From spin-lattice relaxation-time measurements and line broadening in the presence of GdCl3 it is concluded that the cations are bound to the phosphate group and that this is the only binding site. The absolute proton shifts induced by paramagnetic lanthanides depended on the nature of the ion, but the shift ratios standardised to the shift of the O3POCH2 (choline) signal were invariant throughout the lanthanide series indicating that the shifts are purely pseudocontact. In contrast the 31P shifts were found to contain significant contact contributions. These findings are consistent with a weak interaction and with the phosphate group being the binding site. The absolute shifts but not the shift ratios depended on the anion present indicating that the cation binding may be accompanied by binding of anions. Contrary to negatively charged phospholipids the interaction of lanthanides with lecithins was enhanced as the ionic strength was increased by adding NaCl. This was explained in terms of steric hindrance due to the extended conformation of the lecithin polar group.
Underwater image dehaze using scene depth estimation with adaptive color correction (2017)

Underwater images suffer from poor visibility due to color casts and light scattering that caused by physical properties existing in underwater environments. Degraded underwater images lead to a low accuracy rate of underwater object detection and recognition. To solve this problem, a novel underwater image enhancement method which combines adaptive color correction and image dehazing based on atmospheric scattering model is proposed in this paper. As the most important component of dehazing model, a transmission map is derived from the color corrected image. Considering the exponential relationship between the transmission map and scene depth map, transmission map estimation will be naturally formulated into a scene depth map estimation problem. To predict scene depth map, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is employed on image patches extracted from the color corrected image. The experimental results show that the proposed strategy improves the quality of underwater images efficiently and arrives at good results in underwater objects detection and recognition.
Solvent-Cage Effect (Viscosity Dependence) as a Diagnostic Probe for the Mechanism of the Intramolecular Chemically Initiated Electron-Exchange Luminescence (CIEEL) Triggered from a Spiroadamantyl-Substituted Dioxetane (1999)

The excitation step of the intramolecular CIEEL generation in the triggered cleavage of spiroadamantyl-substituted dioxetane has been studied. The electron back-transfer (BET) process versus the direct chemiexcitation of the phenolate-anion emitter have been considered as mechanistic alternatives. The observed solvent-cage effect on the CIEEL generation, manifested by the increase of the singlet chemiexcitation yield at increased viscosity, provides evidence that the BET process operates in the intramolecular CIEEL mechanism.
Dyslipidemia and an Unfavorable Fatty Acid Profile Predict Left Ventricular Hypertrophy 20 Years Later (2001)

-Dyslipidemia and indices of a low dietary intake of linoleic acid and high intake of saturated and monounsaturated fats, as well as hypertension and obesity, at age 50 predicted the prevalence of LVH 20 years later in this prospective longitudinal cohort study, thereby suggesting that lipids may be important in the origin of LVH.
Unit Cell Metastable-form Constants of Various Phthalocyanines (1966)

Abstract Thin films of phthalocyanine compounds formed on cleaved surfaces of muscovite by the vacuum-condensation method showed well-defined single-directional orientation when their substrates were preheated at 300°C for one hour and then kept at 150°C. Their electron diffraction patterns were fiber diagrams, the fiber period of which coincided with the unit-cell length of the b-axis of the individual compounds. When the substrates were preheated at 400°C for one hour and then kept at 150°C, the films formed on the muscovite surface were composed of discrete crystals with a different orientation. Electron-diffraction patterns from the films revealed that the b-axis of the crystal was inclined to the substrate surface. The cross-grating patterns of the (h0l) plane were obtained when the inclination of the films was properly adjusted to the incident beam. The unit-cell constants of platinum-phthalocyanine vacuum-condensed on muscovite were revealed to be as follows with the monoclinic space group C2⁄c: a=23.18 Å, b=3.818 Å, c=23.84 Å, and β=91.9 °. Films of Cu-, Co-, Fe-, Ni- and metal-free phthalocyanines exhibited an orientation similar to that of the platinum derivative. High-resolution electron-diffraction patterns revealed that all the compounds assumed a conspicuous isomorphism with one another and occurred in the metastable forms of their dimorphs.
Director orientation in chevron surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal cells. Verification of orientational binding at the chevron interface using visible polarized light transmission spectroscopy (1990)

Abstract We present results of theoretical modelling and experimental study of director distributions and the associated optical properties of chevron surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) cells. Chevron cells are modelled as being two stacked FLC slabs, described by distinct orientation distributions of the director [ncirc]-polarization P([ncirc] – P) couple. In each slab the [ncirc] – P distribution is governed by bulk Frank elastic and electric field-induced torques and by surface torques at the FLC-solid interface and at the chevron interface, where the two distributions are coupled. The optical properties of such structures are calculated numerically and the results tested using polarized light microscope-based spectrophotometric measurements of the wavelength dependent transmission of chevron SSFLC cells with varying sample orientation and applied field. Measured transmission spectra agree quantitatively with the model and provide evidence for the constraint of the ň – P field at the chevron interface, particularly in the case when the chevron interface is displaced from the cell midplane.
A Fast, Low Resistance Switch for Small Slapper Detonators, (1986)

A novel design for a shock compression conduction switch for use with slapper detonators is described. The switch is based on the concept of an explosively driven flyer plate impacting a plastic insulator and producing sufficient pressure within the insulator to produce a conduction transition. An analysis of the functioning of the switch is made using a simple Gurney model for the explosive, and basic shock wave theory to calculate impact pressure and switch closure times. The effect of explosive tamping is considered, and calculations are carried out for two donor explosive thicknesses and a range of flyer plate thicknesses. The new switch has been successfully tested in a series of experimental slapper detonator firings. The results of these tests show trends in overall agreement with those predicted by the calculations. (Author)
<i>IL23R</i>and<i>IL12B</i>SNPs and Haplotypes Strongly Associate with Crohn's Disease Risk in a New Zealand Population (2010)

DNA samples from 339 Crohn's disease (CD) and 407 randomly selected controls from the Auckland (New Zealand) IBD project, were genotyped for five common single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-23R (rs11805303, rs7517847, rs1343151, rs11209026, and rs10889677) and two in IL-12B (rs1363670 and rs6887695). While the IL-12B variants did not show an overall association and other IL23R variants led to minor changes in the risk of CD, rs1343151 and/or rs7517847 variants in the IL-23R gene strongly reduced the risk of developing CD at both allelic and genotype levels. A significantly decreased risk of first diagnosis of childhood CD was observed in individuals carrying the A allele of rs1343151, or between 17-40 y in individuals carrying the G allele in rs7517847 of IL-23R. A significantly decreased risk of ileocolonic or structuring disease was observed in individuals carrying the A allele in either rs11209026 or rs1343151, or the G allele in rs7517847 of IL-23R, and when such individuals did develop the disease, they were unlikely to require a bowel resection. Certain haplotypes very strongly modified risk. There was evidence for interactions of IL-23R variants with the NOD2 wild-type (d/d) genotype. Down-regulating the function of the IL-23R gene may decrease CD risk in the normal population.
Targeting the tumor vasculature: Inhibition of tumor growth by a vascular endothelial growth factor-toxin conjugate (1997)

Tumor-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/ vascular permeability factor (VPF) plays an important role in neovascularization and the development of tumor stroma. Furthermore, VEGF receptors are over-expressed in the endothelial cells of tumor vasculature and almost non-detectable in the vascular endothelium of adjoining normal tissues. The differential expression of receptor offers a selective advantage for targeting cytotoxic toxin polypeptides. We have prepared a vascular targeting reagent by chemically linking recombinant VEGF to a truncated form of diphtheria toxin. The VEGF-toxin conjugate was selectively toxic to endothelial cell lines and inhibited experimental neovascularization of the chick chorioallantoic membrane. In the present study, we examined the effects of VEGF-toxin conjugate on solid tumor growth. Athymic nude mice with established subcutaneous tumors were treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of the VEGF-toxin conjugate or free toxin. When compared with control animals treated with the toxin polypeptide alone, the conjugate-treated animals displayed a significant inhibition of tumor growth. Histological analysis of tumors from conjugate-treated animals revealed hemorrhagic necrosis consistent with a vascular-mediated injury. In contrast, highly vascularized normal tissues from conjugate-treated animals demonstrated no evidence of hemorrhage or tissue injury. The conjugate was well tolerated without apparent toxicities. Our results illustrate the anti-tumor activity of a VEGF-toxin conjugate selectively targeting the tumor neovasculature.
Insights from the X-ray Crystal Structure of Coral 8R-Lipoxygenase (2005)

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) catalyze the regio- and stereospecific dioxygenation of polyunsaturated membrane-embedded fatty acids. We report here the 3.2 A resolution structure of 8R-LOX from the Caribbean sea whip coral Plexaura homomalla, a LOX isozyme with calcium dependence and the uncommon R chiral stereospecificity. Structural and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated calcium binding in a C2-like membrane-binding domain, illuminating the function of similar amino acids in calcium-activated mammalian 5-LOX, the key enzyme in the pathway to the pro-inflammatory leukotrienes. Mutation of Ca(2+)-ligating amino acids in 8R-LOX resulted not only in a diminished capacity to bind membranes, as monitored by fluorescence resonance energy transfer, but also in an associated loss of Ca(2+)-regulated enzyme activity. Moreover, a structural basis for R chiral specificity is also revealed; creation of a small oxygen pocket next to Gly(428) (Ala in all S-LOX isozymes) promoted C-8 oxygenation with R chirality on the activated fatty acid substrate.
Structure-Activity Relationships of RGD Mimetics as Fibrinogen-Receptor Antagonists (1999)

The activities of a series of RGD mimetics, which contained a variety of cationic structures, for the inhibition of platelet aggregation and fibrinogen-receptor binding were measured. The stability of the coulombic ion-pairing complex of the model compounds with the acetate anion as a model for the receptor was calculated in terms of the ionic interaction energy. The results suggest that stability is one of the significant factors which govern the inhibitory potency of fibrinogen-receptor binding. The distance between cationic and anionic groups might also affect the potency. A compound which contained an amidinophenyl structure as the cationic moiety showed exceptionally high inhibitory activity, suggesting that some other factors, in addition to coulombic interaction and the distance, affect the potency.
STUDY OF THE PARAMETERS CONTROLLING THE ALTERNATING COPOLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE AND STYRENE (1987)

Abstract The copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene, in the presence of zinc chloride, was conducted in the aqueous phase. The zinc chloride acting as a complexing agent Among the factors affecting the polymerization yield, we have; the level of complexing agents, the monomer ratio and the temperature The polymers were characterized for their molecular weight (G.P.C.) and analyzed by N.MR, and D.T.A A model taking into account the various parameters is proposed. KEYWORDS: CopolymerizationMethyl methacrylateStyreneAlternating polymer
Computer-Based Instruction: Methods and Development (1985)

I.COMPUTER-BASED INSTRUCTION METHODOLOGIES. 1.Introduction. 2.Tutorials. 3.Drills. 4.Simulations. 5.Instructional Games. 6.Tests. II.DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER-BASED INSTRUCTION. 7.Preparation. 8.Design. 9.Flowcharting. 10.Storyboarding. 11.Programming and Support Materials. 12.Evaluation. III.ADVANCED TOPICS IN COMPUTER-BASED INSTRUCTION. 13.Computer-Managed Instruction. 14.Interactive Video. 15.Artificial Intelligence in Instruction. Appendices.
Apolipoprotein A-I conformation markedly influences HDL interaction with scavenger receptor BI (2001)

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is an important ligand for the high density lipoprotein (HDL) scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). SR-BI binds both free and lipoprotein-associated apoA-I, but the effects of particle size, composition, and apolipoprotein conformation on HDL binding to SR-BI are not understood. We have studied the effect of apoA-I conformation on particle binding using native HDL and reconstituted HDL particles of defined composition and size. SR-BI expressed in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells was shown to bind human HDL(2) with greater affinity than HDL(3), suggesting that HDL size, composition, and possibly apolipoprotein conformation influence HDL binding to SR-BI. To discriminate between these factors, SR-BI binding was studied further using reconstituted l-alpha-palmitoyloleoyl-phosphatidylcholine-containing HDL particles having identical components and equal amounts of apoA-I, but differing in size (7.8 vs. 9.6 nm in diameter) and apoA-I conformation. The affinity of binding to SR-BI was significantly greater (50-fold) for the larger (9.6-nm) particle than for the 7.8-nm particle. We conclude that differences in apoA-I conformation in different-sized particles markedly influence apoA-I recognition by SR-BI. Preferential binding of larger HDL particles to SR-BI would promote productive selective cholesteryl ester uptake from larger cholesteryl ester-rich HDL over lipid-poor HDL.
Add-On Strategies for Fine-Grained Pedestrian Classification (2016)

In this paper, we present four add-on strategies for the fine-grained pedestrian classification task. These strategies are: (1) super-resolution based image preprocessing, which helps to recover the image details; (2) patch dividing based deep feature extraction, which extracts features in a way that preserves the spatial layout of input images; (3) pose- wise classifier sharing, which learns robust classifiers and makes robust predictions using pose information; and (4) graphical model based inference, which utilizes the interdependence between different subcategories to update raw estimations. The proposed strategies are independent and flexible, which make it easy to implement them in practice. We evaluated these strategies on the CRP dataset and confirmed that all of them lead to improvements over the baseline. We also confirmed an improvement over the state-of-the-art when all strategies are combined together.
Formed element deposition onto filtering walls. (1975)

Particles are expected to deposit onto filtering surfaces provided the non-dimensional parameter (see article) U (see article) R2S3/2 exceeds a certain value. For erythrocytes this value has a measured value of 0.15, and for platelets the value ranges from 0.01 to 0.15. If deposition is expected, the rate of particle deposition is proportional to the ultrafiltration flow rate. However, the other fluid mechanic mechanisms may transport a greater number of platelets to the surface. We expect these platelets will be fluid mechanically held to the surface even if it is non-sticky for platelets.
Performance considerations for mobile web services (2003)

Web services are an emerging technology that provides a flexible platform for web interaction. We evaluate Web service performance of handheld resource-constrained clients using different wireless technologies. Due to the usage of XML, message sizes in Web services are larger than in traditional web technologies and therefore, compression of Web service messages is attractive; as our experiments show in particular for mobile clients with poor connectivity and high communication costs. However, compression requires CPU time at both the server and the clients. We present measurement results of a simple dynamic scheme that provides benefits by compressing responses only when the required server resources are available.
Die Synthese von Aldehyden und Ketonen mit Amidchloriden und V<scp>ILSMEIER</scp>‐Reagenzien (1959)

Abstract The constitution of amide chlorides and reaction products of amides with phosphoroxychloride is discussed. Based on infrared spectra and reaction behaviour an ionized constitution is proposed. The mechanism of V ILSMEIER 's aldehyde synthesis is studied. Under certain conditions this reaction can be extended to the synthesis of ketones.
Variational Gaussian process classifiers (2000)

Gaussian processes are a promising nonlinear regression tool, but it is not straightforward to solve classification problems with them. In this paper the variational methods of Jaakkola and Jordan are applied to Gaussian processes to produce an efficient Bayesian binary classifier.
Wiskundige tijd-frequentieanalyse - In Memoriam Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn (1918-2012) (2013)

In de jaren dat Dick de Bruijn werkzaam was voor het Natuurkundig Laboratorium van Philips (Natlab) stond hij mede aan de basis van de wiskundige tijd-frequentieanalyse. GuidoJanssen, onderzoeker aan de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven en tot 2010 werkzaam bij Natlab, beschrijft De Bruijns rol in het ontstaan van deze nieuwe discipline.
Changing permanent magnet technology (1985)

New types of motor designs incorporating permanent magnet materials have created a strong interest in the motor industry to develop applications for these designs. During the last twenty years, stepping, brushless DC, and AC synchronous motors have entered a rapid growth curve because of recent startling developments in permanent magnet technology. In the Fall of 1983, a new low cost Re-Fe-B permanent magnet material was announced - projected selling price was $35.00/pound with energy products in the area of thirty megagauss-oersteds. In late 1984, another Re-Fe-B permanent magnet material was announced - projected selling price of less than $10.00/pound with an energy product in excess of forty megagauss-oersteds.
Continuous-Time Three-Dimensional Mapping for Micro Aerial Vehicles with a Passively Actuated Rotating Laser Scanner (2015)

The ability to generate accurate and detailed three-dimensional (3D) maps of a scene from a mobile platform is an essential technology for a wide variety of applications from robotic navigation to geological surveying. In many instances, the best vantage point is from above, and as a result, there is a growing demand for low-altitude mapping solutions from micro aerial vehicles such as small quadcopters. Existing lidar-based 3D airborne mapping solutions rely on GPS/INS solutions for positioning, or focus on producing relatively low-fidelity or locally focused maps for the purposes of autonomous navigation. We have developed a general-purpose airborne 3D mapping system capable of continuously scanning the environment during flight to produce accurate and dense point clouds without the need for a separate positioning system. A key feature of the system is a novel passively driven mechanism to rotate a lightweight 2D laser scanner using the rotor downdraft from a quadcopter. The data generated from the spinning laser is input into a continuous-time simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) solution to produce an accurate 6 degree-of-freedom trajectory estimate and a 3D point cloud map. Extensive results are presented illustrating the versatility of the platform in a variety of environments including forests, caves, mines, heritage sites, and industrial facilities. Comparison with conventional surveying methods and equipment demonstrates the high accuracy and precision of the proposed solution.