gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Explosion-Bonded Metals for Marine Structural Applications (1971)

The application of explosion-bonded aluminum-to-steel welding transition joints on marine vessels is discussed. Evaluation of this material's suitability for joining aluminum superstructures to steel decks is reviewed in detail. Galvanic corrosion is demonstrated to be negligible, thereby providing significant savings on maintenance costs when compared to mechanical connections. It is shown that mechanical properties, design adaptability, and installation costs meet marine-industry requirements.
Group-based management of distributed file caches (2003)

We describe a way to manage distributed file system caches based upon groups of files that are accessed together. We use file access patterns to automatically construct dynamic groupings of files and then manage our cache by fetching groups, rather than single files. We present experimental results, based on trace-driven workloads, demonstrating that grouping improves cache performance. At the file system client, grouping can reduce LRU demand fetches by 50 to 60%. At the server cache hit rate improvements are much more pronounced, but vary widely (20 to over 1200%) depending upon the capacity of intervening caches. Our treatment includes information theoretic results that justify our approach to file grouping.
Perturbations of the cerebrovascular matrisome: A convergent mechanism in small vessel disease of the brain? (2015)

The term matrisome refers to the ensemble of proteins constituting the extracellular matrix (ECM) (core matrisome) as well as the proteins associated with the ECM. Every organ has an ECM with a unique composition that not only provides the support and anchorage for cells, but also controls fundamental cellular processes as diverse as differentiation, survival, proliferation, and polarity. The current knowledge of the matrisome of small brain vessels is reviewed with a focus on the basement membrane (BM), a specialized form of ECM located at the interface between endothelial cells, contractile cells (smooth muscle cells and pericytes), and astrocyte endfeet—a very strategic location in the communication pathway between the cerebral microcirculation and astrocytes. We discuss some of the most recent genetic data and relevant findings from experimental models of nonamyloid cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). We propose the concept that perturbations of the cerebrovascular matrisome is a convergent pathologic pathway in monogenic forms of SVD, and is likely relevant to the sporadic disease.
Species-specific impacts of grazing amphipods in an eelgrass-bed community (2001)

Small, grazing invertebrates often benefit seagrasses by cropping their epiphytic algal competitors. Yet predictive relations between grazer abundance and seagrass performance are elusive, in significant part because of poorly understood diversity in mesograzer feeding biology. We conducted experiments in eelgrass Zostera marina microcosms to explore how differences in feeding between 2 common grazing amphipod taxa affected accumulation and species composition of epiphytes on eelgrass, as well as amphipod population growth, competition and production, over a 4-week period in summer. Gammarus mucronatus and ampithoids (a mixture of Cymadusa compta and Ampithoe longimana) were stocked, singly and in combination, along with a grazer-free control treatment. Amphipod population growth rates indicated that the 2 taxa competed for a common limiting resource, presumably periphyton, which was essentially eliminated in all grazer treatments. Final abundances of both amphipod taxa were 53 to 68% lower in treatments where the other grazer was present than in single-species grazer treatments. A common carrying capacity was also indicated by the nearly identical final biomass of amphipods across treatments, despite 2-fold variation in initial amphipod densities. These results support the hypothesis that the 2 amphipod taxa are roughly equivalent in terms of resource requirements and production rates. Despite this equivalence, subtle differences in diet breadth between amphipod taxa translated into substantial differences in biomass and composition of the fouling assemblage among treatments. Whereas grazer-free eelgrass became heavily fouled with periphyton and tunicates, eelgrass exposed to G. mucronatus alone was overgrown by the red alga Polysiphonia harveyi, which reached a biomass equal to the total fouling mass of grazer-free controls. P. harveyi was nearly absent from all other treatments. In contrast, eelgrass with ampithoids was virtually devoid of all fouling material. Thus, similar mesograzer species can have markedly different impacts on fouling assemblages, and these occur despite strong similarity in grazer energetics and primary food sources. Our results may help to reconcile evidence of diet overlap and diffuse competition among mesograzer species with the different feeding preferences and community impacts shown for several mesograzers in experimental studies.
RNA-controlled polymorphism in the <i>in vivo</i> assembly of 180-subunit and 120-subunit virions from a single capsid protein (1999)

Repeated, specific interactions between capsid protein (CP) subunits direct virus capsid assembly and exemplify regulated protein-protein interactions. The results presented here reveal a striking in vivo switch in CP assembly. Using cryoelectron microscopy, three-dimensional image reconstruction, and molecular modeling, we show that brome mosaic virus (BMV) CP can assemble in vivo two remarkably distinct capsids that selectively package BMV-derived RNAs in the absence of BMV RNA replication: a 180-subunit capsid indistinguishable from virions produced in natural infections and a previously unobserved BMV capsid type with 120 subunits arranged as 60 CP dimers. Each such dimer contains two CPs in distinct, nonequivalent environments, in contrast to the quasi-equivalent CP environments throughout the 180-subunit capsid. This 120-subunit capsid utilizes most of the CP interactions of the 180-subunit capsid plus nonequivalent CP-CP interactions. Thus, the CP of BMV, and perhaps other viruses, can encode CP-CP interactions that are not apparent from mature virions and may function in assembly or disassembly. Shared structural features suggest that the 120- and 180-subunit capsids share assembly steps and that a common pentamer of CP dimers may be an important assembly intermediate. The ability of a single CP to switch between distinct capsids by means of alternate interactions also implies reduced evolutionary barriers between different capsid structures. The in vivo switch between alternate BMV capsids is controlled by the RNA packaged: a natural BMV genomic RNA was packaged in 180-subunit capsids, whereas an engineered mRNA containing only the BMV CP gene was packaged in 120-subunit capsids. RNA features can thus direct the assembly of a ribonucleoprotein complex between alternate structural pathways.
EphB receptors influence growth of ephrin‐B1‐positive statoacoustic nerve fibers (2002)

The Eph family of receptors and ligands has been implicated in a variety of developmental processes, including the provision of inhibitory guidance cues to developing nerve fibers. A unique property of the B class of receptors is that they are able to phosphorylate ephrin-B ligands, allowing for bi-directional, or reverse signalling. While most of the studies to date have focused on central nerve fibers, little is known about the role of Eph molecules in guiding nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system. In the present study, ephrin-B1 was found to be highly expressed on developing peripheral nerve fibers including auditory and vestibular (statoacoustic) and dorsal root ganglion nerve fibers. In vitro assays revealed that EphB-Fc receptors inhibited further growth of statoacoustic nerve fibers. In contrast, EphA7-Fc and ephrin-B2-Fc did not prevent further growth of SAG. Together, these results suggest a role for EphB receptors in providing guidance signals to ephrin-B1-positive SAG nerve fibers.
Battery-aware instruction generation for embedded processors (2005)

Automatic instruction generation is an efficient method to satisfy growing performance and meet design constraints for application specific instruction-set processors. A typical approach for instruction generation is to combine a large group of primitive instructions into a single extensible instruction for maximizing speedups. However, this approach often leads to large power dissipation and discharge current, posing a challenge to battery-powered products. In this paper, we propose a battery-aware automatic tool to design extensible instructions which minimizes power dissipation distribution by separating an instruction into multiple instructions. We verify our automatic tool using 50 different code segments, and five large real-world applications. Our tool reduces energy consumption by a further 5.8% on average (up to 17.7%) compared to extensible instructions generated by previous approaches. For real-world applications, energy consumption is reduced by 6.6% on average (up to 16.53%) as well as an increase in performance for most cases. The automatic instruction generation tool is integrated into our application specific instruction-set processor tool suite.
Application-Transparent Checkpoint/Restart for MPI Programs over InfiniBand (2006)

Ultra-scale computer clusters with high speed interconnects, such as InfiniBand, are being widely deployed for their excellent performance and cost effectiveness. However, the failure rate on these clusters also increases along with their augmented number of components. Thus, it becomes critical for such systems to be equipped with fault tolerance support. In this paper, we present our design and implementation of checkpoint/restart framework for MPI programs running over InfiniBand clusters. Our design enables low-overhead, application-transparent checkpointing. It uses coordinated protocol to save the current state of the whole MPI job to reliable storage, which allows users to perform rollback recovery if the system runs into faulty states later. Our solution has been incorporated into MVAPICH2, an open-source high performance MPI-2 implementation over InfiniBand. Performance evaluation of this implementation has been carried out using NAS benchmarks, HPL benchmark, and a real-world application called GROMACS. Experimental results indicate that in our design, the overhead to take checkpoints is low, and the performance impact for checkpointing applications periodically is insignificant. For example, time for checkpointing GROMACS is less than 0.3% of the execution time, and its performance only decreases by 4% with checkpoints taken every minute. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first report of checkpoint/restart support for MPI over InfiniBand clusters in the literature
A Robotic Ankle–Foot Prosthesis With Active Alignment (2016)

An ankle–foot prosthesis designed to mimic the missing physiological limb generates a large sagittal moment during push off which must be transferred to the residual limb through the socket connection. The large moment is correlated with high internal socket pressures that are often a source of discomfort for the person with amputation, limiting prosthesis use. In this paper, the concept of active alignment is developed. Active alignment realigns the affected residual limb toward the center of pressure (CoP) during stance. During gait, the prosthesis configuration changes to shorten the moment arm between the ground reaction force (GRF) and the residual limb. This reduces the peak moment transferred through the socket interface during late stance. A tethered robotic ankle prosthesis has been developed, and evaluation results are presented for active alignment during normal walking in a laboratory setting. Preliminary testing was performed with a subject without amputation walking with able-bodied adapters at a constant speed. The results show a 33% reduction in the peak resultant moment transferred at the socket limb interface.
Green Mobile Access Network with Dynamic Base Station Energy Saving (2009)

The explosive development of ICT (information and communication technology) industry has emerged as one of the major sources of world energy consumption. Therefore, this paper concerns about the BS (base station) energy saving issue, for most energy consumption of the communication network comes from the BSs and the core network. Particularly, we consider dynamically turning off certain BSs when the network traffic is low. Centralized and decentralized implementations are investigated. Simulations demonstrate the energy efficiency of the proposed algorithms and the tradeoff between energy saving and coverage guarantee.
Structure and stability of icosahedral particles of a covalent coat protein dimer of bacteriophage MS2 (2009)

Particles formed by the bacteriophage MS2 coat protein mutants with insertions in their surface loops induce a strong immune response against the inserted epitopes. The covalent dimers created by fusion of two copies of the coat protein gene are more tolerant to various insertions into the surface loops than the single subunits. We determined a 4.7-A resolution crystal structure of an icosahedral particle assembled from covalent dimers and compared its stability with wild-type virions. The structure resembled the wild-type virion except for the intersubunit linker regions. The covalent dimer orientation was random with respect to both icosahedral twofold and quasi-twofold symmetry axes. A fraction of the particles was unstable in phosphate buffer because of assembly defects. Our results provide a structural background for design of modified covalent coat protein dimer subunits for use in immunization.
Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees and Shrubs (1984)

Alphabetical reference to the botanical terminology in five languages (English, Latin, German, French and Dutch) explanation of symbols abbreviated temperature conversion chart hardiness zones and the British Isles hardiness zone maps. Main text. Alphabetical lisitng of the genera prunus to ziziphus.
Controlled Preparation of Alloys by Simultaneous, Multitarget Sputtering (1969)

This work describes the preparation of alloy films by multitarget, triode sputtering. An apparatus designed to sputter two or three targets simultaneously onto a rotating substrate holder is described. The sputtering parameters necessary to vary and reproduce alloy composition are discussed. Changes in alloy composition are obtained by voltage variation of the several targets. Reproducible film compositions are assured by maintaining target voltage, geometry, and sputtering atmosphere constant. Zero or a constant partial pressure of hydrogen is required to obtain reproducible alloy properties. Composition, resistance, and thickness data are presented for the alloy systems Nb–Zr and Nb–Zr–Mo. Sheet resistance values for these films are reproducible to ±2%.
Development of a Broadband Self-recording Hydrophone (2006)

A broadband self-recording hydrophone was developed to conveniently assemble a hydrophone array for use in receiving underwater sound waves. A trigger device with an electromagnetic induction coupler was also developed to control the hydrophone's operation. Main configurations and specifications of the self-recording hydrophone are introduced in this paper. We present experiment results conducted in a water tank to examine the operating behavior of the hydrophone. Some advantages are discussed when the self-recording hydrophones are used to make up a hydrophone array.
Pharmaceutical Approach to HIV Protease Inhibitor Atazanavir for Bioavailability Enhancement Based on Solid Dispersion System (2007)

Atazanavir (ATV) is a low oral bioavailability (BA) compound and, clinically, is generally coadministrated with ritonavir (RTV), which boosts the oral BA of ATV by inhibiting cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) via the same metabolic pathway. However, depending on pharmacokinetic interaction, RTV-boosted ATV has great potential for other comedication. In this study we demonstrated the pharmaceutical approach to BA improvement of ATV without RTV in rats, based on the solid dispersion system using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a carrier and Gelucire 50/13 as an absorption enhancer. ATV solid dispersions in SLS were prepared by a conventional solvent method and, at ratios of ATV to SLS of 1 : 2 and 1 : 3, were demonstrated to form an amorphous state in powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis and exhibited 2.26- and 2.36-fold improvement in a dissolution test in comparison to bulk ATV, respectively. After oral administration to rats, ATV solid dispersion in SLS at a ratio of 1 : 2 showed a 3.5-fold increase in BA compared with bulk ATV. Moreover, the addition of Gelucire 50/13 to ATV solid dispersion, at a total ratio of Gelucire 50/13, ATV and SLS 1 : 1 : 2 gave 7.0- and 4.7-fold increase in Cmax and BA compared with bulk ATV, respectively, when the relative BA to RTV-boosted ATV reached 93%. The results in this study proved that a pharmaceutical approach could improve the bioavailability of ATV without pharmacokinetic interaction with RTV.
Velocity Analysis by Perturbation (1993)

Abstract : Prestack depth migration provides a powerful tool for doing velocity analysis in complex media. Both prominent approaches to velocity analysis-- depth-focusing analysis and residual-curvature analysis, rely on approximate formulas in order to estimate velocity errors. Generally, these formulas are derived under the assumptions of horizontal reflector, lateral velocity homogeneity, or small offset. Therefore, the conventional methods for updating velocity lack sufficient computational efficiency when velocity has large, lateral variations. Here, using a perturbation method, we derive an analytic relationship between residual moveout and residual velocity. In our derivation, we impose no limitation on offset, dip, or velocity distribution. Based on this formula, we revise the residual-curvature-analysis method for velocity estimation that involves recursion and iteration. Furthermore, this formula provides the sensitivity and error estimation for migration-based velocity analysis, which is helpful in explaining the reliability of the estimated velocity.
8-State trellis-coded optical modulation with 4-dimensional QAM constellations (2014)

We propose the 8-state trellis-coded optical modulation scheme with 24M-ary four-dimensional (4D) QAM constellations. Analyzing its performance, we find that significant coding gain can be achieved against the setpartitioned 4D-QAM without sacrificing the spectral efficiency.
Distributed scheduling of broadcasts in a radio network (1989)

A distributed algorithm is presented for obtaining an efficient and conflict-free broadcasting schedule in a multi-hop packet radio network. The inherent broadcast nature of the radio channel enables a node's transmission to be received by all other nodes within range. Multiple transmissions can be scheduled simultaneously because of the multi-hop nature of the network. It is first shown that the construction of a broadcasting schedule of minimum length is NP-complete, and then a centralized algorithm based on a sequential graph-coloring heuristic is presented to construct minimal-length schedules. A distributed implementation of this algorithm is then proposed, which is based on circulating a token through the nodes in the network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering (2008)

Tissue engineering remains a promising therapeutic strategy for the repair or regeneration of diseased or damaged tissues. Previous approaches have typically focused on combining cells and bioactive molecules (e.g., growth factors, cytokines and DNA fragments) with a biomaterial scaffold that functions as a template to control the geometry of the newly formed tissue, while facilitating the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of embedded cells. Biomaterial scaffolds also play a crucial role in determining the functional properties of engineered tissues, including biomechanical characteristics such as inhomogeneity, anisotropy, nonlinearity or viscoelasticity. While single-phase, homogeneous materials have been used extensively to create numerous types of tissue constructs, there continue to be significant challenges in the development of scaffolds that can provide the functional properties of load-bearing tissues such as articular cartilage. In an attempt to create more complex scaffolds that promote the regeneration of functional engineered tissues, composite scaffolds comprising two or more distinct materials have been developed. This paper reviews various studies on the development and testing of composite scaffolds for the tissue engineering of articular cartilage, using techniques such as embedded fibers and textiles for reinforcement, embedded solid structures, multi-layered designs, or three-dimensionally woven composite materials. In many cases, the use of composite scaffolds can provide unique biomechanical and biological properties for the development of functional tissue engineering scaffolds.
Molecular evolution of a multigene family in group A streptococci. (1994)

The emm genes are members of a gene family in group A streptococci (GAS) that encode for antiphagocytic cell-surface proteins and/or immunoglobulin-binding proteins. Previously sequenced genes in this family have been named "emm," "fcrA," "enn," "arp," "protH," and "mrp"; herein they will be referred to as the "emm gene family." The genes in the emm family are located in a cluster occupying 3-6 kb between the genes mry and scpA on the chromosome of Streptococcus pyogenes. Most GAS strains contain one to three tandemly arranged copies of emm-family genes in the cluster, but the alleles within the cluster vary among different strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the conserved sequences at the 3' end of these genes differentiates all known members of this family into four evolutionarily distinct emm subfamilies. As a starting point to analyze how the different subfamilies are related evolutionarily, the structure of the emm chromosomal region was mapped in a number of diverse GAS strains by using subfamily-specific primers in the polymerase chain reaction. Nine distinct chromosomal patterns of the genes in the emm gene cluster were found. These nine chromosomal patterns support a model for the evolution of the emm gene family in which gene duplication followed by sequence divergence resulted in the generation of four major-gene subfamilies in this locus.
English studies and cultural power: Towards a recognition of mediated practices (1996)

Summary This paper suggests that the shifts of content and practice which characterise South African English studies are attributable to certain multicultural imperatives, the least acknowledged of which is the mass media. Yet I do not perceive English and cultural studies to be synonymous. While recognising that the “literary” is a category constructed in conflictual relation to other discourses, I argue for an English studies which, unlike many cultural studies critiques, admits the validity of people's imaginative, emotional and aesthetic investments in their responses to culture. The term “mediated” is used to designate not only forms such as televisual and print media, but the mediated nature of our identities as students and teachers as they relate to pedagogic practice.