gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD47 Expression in Natural Killer Cells Regulates Homeostasis and Modulates Immune Response to Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (2018)

CD47 is a ubiquitous cell surface receptor that directly regulates T cell immunity by interacting with its inhibitory ligand thrombospondin-1 and limits clearance of cells by phagocytes that express its counter-receptor signal-regulatory protein-α. Murine natural killer (NK) cells express higher levels of CD47 than other lymphocytes, but the role of CD47 in regulating NK cell homeostasis and immune function remains unclear. <i>Cd47</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice exhibited depletion of NK precursors in bone marrow, consistent with the antiphagocytic function of CD47. In contrast, antisense CD47 knockdown or gene disruption resulted in a dose dependent accumulation of immature and mature NK cells in spleen. Mature <i>Cd47</i><sup>-/-</sup> NK cells exhibited increased expression of NK effector and interferon gene signatures and an increased proliferative response to interleukin-15 <i>in vitro</i>. <i>Cd47</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice showed no defect in their early response to acute Armstrong lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection but were moderately impaired in controlling chronic Clone-13 LCMV infection, which was associated with depletion of splenic NK cells and loss of effector cytokine and interferon response gene expression in <i>Cd47</i><sup>-/-</sup> NK cells. Broad CD47-dependent differences in NK activation, survival, and exhaustion pathways were observed in NK cell transcriptional signatures in LCMV infected mice. These data identify CD47 as a cell-intrinsic and systemic regulator of NK cell homeostasis and NK cell function in responding to a viral infection.
Hapten design and development of an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for the detection of the mercapturic acid conjugates of naphthalene (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHapten design and development of an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for the detection of the mercapturic acid conjugates of naphthaleneMaria Pilar Marco, Bruce D. Hammock, and Mark J. KurthCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 26, 7548–7556Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00078a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00078a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Trafficking of Sendai Virus Nucleocapsids Is Mediated by Intracellular Vesicles (2010)

Collectively, our results strongly suggest a previously unrecognized involvement of the intracellular vesicular trafficking pathway in vRNP translocation and provide new insights into the transport of viral structural components to the assembly sites of enveloped viruses.
The effects of state-level anti-discrimination laws on sex segregation in the workforce (2016)

Women's equal pay and sex segregation in the workforce has been a national discussion since the 1900s and is still relevant today. In 1963, the Federal Equal Pay Act was passed addressing this issue. This research examines state-level equal pay legislation that was passed prior to the federal law and how these laws affect sex segregation in the workforce. Using U.S. Census data from 1910 to 1960, sex segregation is analyzed using difference-in-difference regression analysis to determine the effects of state-level legislation on the D-index, concentration ratios, and the probability of being employed in a female-dominated or male-dominated job. Results from state-level analysis do not illustrate these laws having any effect on the D-index or concentration ratios, suggesting there are multiple counteracting effects. On an individual-level, state-level equal pay legislation reduces the likelihood of women being employed in female-dominated jobs. However, this legislation seems to have no effect on the likelihood of males being in a female-dominated job, or a male-dominated job.
Applied Symbolic Dynamics (1998)

Symbolic dynamics is a coarse-grained description of dynamics. By taking into account the geometry of the dynamics, it can be cast into a powerful tool for practitioners in nonlinear science. Detailed symbolic dynamics can be developed not only for one-dimensional mappings, unimodal as well as those with multiple critical points and discontinuities, but also for some two-dimensional mappings. The latter paves the way for a symbolic dynamics study of ordinary differential equations via the PoincarC maps. This paper provides an overview of the recent development of the applied aspects of symbolic dynamics. PACS. 05.45.+b- Chaotic phenomena. I.
A numerically efficient transmission characteristics analysis of finite planar Frequency-Selective Surfaces embedded in stratified medium (2010)

A numerically efficient technique for the evaluation of transmission coefficients of the finite planar Frequency - Selective Surfaces (FSSs) embedded in stratified medium is presented in this letter. The numerical analysis involves the solution of a mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) with the layered media Green's function. The layered media Green's function is derived by using discrete complex image method (DCIM). Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique for analysis of the planar finite multi-screen FSS embedded in layered medium.
Development of an AOI system for chips with a hole on backside based on a frame imager (2016)

Defects exist for a few of IC chips during fabrication and packaging. The cost for follow-up processes can be reduced if chips with defect size of impacting chip quality can be inspected and removed during the earlier sorting process. Products will be more cost-effective and competitive. According to the inspecting requirements for microphone chips, developed AOI system has to detect the boundary flaws and hole-inside defects with size of greater than criteria from chips backside. Both the length and width of chip size are less than 5 mm and there’s depth difference between the surface of chip backside and the hole-inside membrance. Thus image acquisition device is designed and implemented by an area scan imager and a telecentric lenses with a coaxial LED lighting module. Therefore we can ignore the image radiometric and geometric calibration, and keep off the shadow inside the rim of hole. An algorithm to detect defects and derive their size based on the edge pixels statistic distribution and binary chip edge image is selected. Developed AOI system then can meet the requirements of real-time defect inspection with high accuracy and performance. Frame opto-mechanical device has the spatial resolution of 5μm and FOV of 6.4 x 5.1 mm. And defect inspection can be completed within 150 ms for the chip size of 2.5 x 3.0 mm. The processes of image acquisition and defect inspection can be accomplished during the chip sorting process to satisfy the real-time online inspection. Inspected chips are placed in GO/NG trays in real-time according to their quality. From the verification results compared with the ones by microscope, the inspection accuracy is better than system requirements. The over kill rate is less than 0.3% and 3% for chip boundary flaws and hole-inside defects respectively. But it still can’t be inspected correctly for the hole-inside defects of only one membrance breakage. In the future, we will improve the illumination and detecting algorithm to solve this imperfection. Inspection systems have been integrated into our customer’s chip sorters, and successfully delivered to and accepted by end-users for online operations. Our system also can be accommodated to other customer’s chip sorters with specific requirements for chip backside inspection.
Shading of regions on vector display devises (1981)

Given an arbitrary simple polygon with N vertices we present an algorithm for shading the interior of the polygon with a set of parallel lines where the slope and the distance between lines are prespecified. If the number of shading line segments is M, the algorithm described in the paper runs in 0(N log N + M) time. The algorithm is generalizable to shade any region or regions of an arbitrary planar subdivision.
Keratan Sulfate Biosynthesis (2002)

Keratan sulfate was originally identified as the major glycosaminoglycan of cornea but is now known to modify at least a dozen different proteins in a wide variety of tissues. Despite a large body of research documenting keratan sulfate structure, and an increasing interest in the biological functions of keratan sulfate, until recently little was known of the specific enzymes involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis or of the molecular mechanisms that control keratan sulfate expression. In the last 2 years, however, marked progress has been achieved in identification of genes involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis and in development of experimental conditions to study keratan sulfate secretion and control in vitro. This review summarizes current understanding of keratan sulfate structure and recent developments in understanding keratan sulfate biosynthesis.
Non-invasive individual methane measurement in dairy cows (2016)

Attempts to lower the environmental footprint of milk production needs a sound understanding of the genetic and nutritional basis of methane (CH4) emissions from the dairy production systems. This in turn requires accurate and reliable techniques for the measurement of CH4 output from individual cows. Many of the available measurement techniques so far are either slow, expensive, labor intensive and are unsuitable for large-scale individual animal measurements. The main objectives of this study were to examine and validate a non-invasive individual cow CH4 measurement system that is based on photoacoustic IR spectroscopy (PAS) technique implemented in a portable gas analysis equipment (F10), referred to as PAS-F10 method and to estimate the magnitude of between-animal variations in CH4 output traits. Data were collected from 115 Nordic Red cows of the Minkiö experimental dairy farm, at the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke). Records on continuous daily measurements of CH4, milk yield, feed intake and BW measurements over 2 years period were compiled for data analysis. The daily CH4 output was calculated using carbon dioxide as a tracer method. Estimates from the non-invasive PAS-F10 technique were then tested against open-circuit indirect respiration calorimetric chamber measurements and against estimates from other widely used prediction models. Concordance analysis was used to establish agreement between the chamber and PAS-F10 methods. A linear mixed model was used for the analysis of the large continuous data. The daily CH4 output of cows was 555 l/day and ranged from 330 to 800 l/day. Dry matter intake, level of milk production, lactation stage and diurnal variation had significant effects on daily CH4 output. Estimates of the daily CH4 output from PAS-F10 technique compared relatively well with the other techniques. The concordance correlation coefficient between combined weekly CH4 output estimates of PAS-F10 and chamber was 0.84 with lower and upper confidence limits of 0.65 and 0.93, respectively. Similarly, when chamber CH4 measurements were predicted from PAS-F10 measurements, the mean of two separate weekly PAS-F10 measurements gave the lowest prediction error variance than either of the separate weekly PAS-F10 measurements alone. This suggests that every other week PAS-F10 measurements when combined would improve the estimation of CH4 output with PAS-F10 technique. The repeatability of daily CH4 output from PAS-F10 technique ranged from 0.40 to 0.46 indicating that some between-animal variation exist in CH4 output traits.
Analysis of structure and function relationships of an autoantigenic peptide of insulin bound to H-2K<sup>d</sup>that stimulates CD8 T cells in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (2002)

The recognition of MHC-peptide complexes by T cells is governed by structural considerations that are determined by the sequences of the individual components and their interaction with each other. We have studied the function of a highly diabetogenic CD8 T cell clone that is specific for insulin B15-23:H-2K(d). We have then related this to modeled MHC-peptide structures. The native peptide binds poorly to H-2K(d), because of the small glycine residue at peptide position p9 that is incapable of productive interactions with the hydrophobic residues of pocket F. In addition, electrostatic repulsions between the peptide glutamate residue at position 7 and 152D of the MHC molecule heavy chain contribute to the poor binding. However, B chain peptide 15-23 bound to K(d) shows excellent T cell stimulation and the induction of CD8 cytotoxic T cells. Peptide substitution has also shown that p6G is likely to be a T cell antigen receptor interaction site. Our studies have shown that the predictions seen in the models correlate closely with the observed effects in functional assays and provide insight into how this peptide, which would not be predicted to stimulate these cells on H-2K(d) binding studies alone, could activate such highly pathogenic T cells.
Diagnosis by subgroups of blood groups A and AB by use of plant agglutinins (lectins). (1954)

Abstract It is shown that the agglutinins from Dolichos biflorus and Ulex europeus form a pair well adapted for use in the routine diagnosis of the subgroups A and AB. The preparation of the reagents, which is extremely simple, is described.
On the Asymptotic Effect of Substituting Estimators for Nuisance Parameters in Inferential Statistics (2003)

This paper studies the general problem of making inferences for a set of parameters θ in the presence of another set of (nuisance) parameters λ, based on the statistic T (y; λ̂, θ), where y = {y1, y2, · · · , yn} represents the data, λ ̂ is an estimator of λ and the lim-iting distribution of T (y;λ, θ) is known. We provide general methods for finding the limiting distributions of T (y; λ̂, θ) when λ ̂ is either a constrained estimator (given θ) or an unconstrained estimator. The methods will facilitate hypothesis testing as well as confidence-interval construction. We also extend the results to the cases where inferences may concern a general function of all parameters (θ and λ) and/or some weakly exogenous variables. Applications of the theories to testing serial correlation in regression models and confidence-interval construction in Box-Cox regressions are given.
Asymmetric Syntheses of 1-Alkyltetrahydro-.BETA.-carbolines and a 9-Thio Analogue. (1991)

Tetrahydro-β-carbolines, (S)-tetrahydroharman (8a) and (S)-1-phenyltetrahydro-β-carboline (8b), were asymmetrically synthesized starting from (R)-phenylglycinol and 1-benzyl-3-(2-bromoethyl)indole (1). Asymmetric synthesis of the 9-thio analogue (15) of 8a was also achieved.
Sensor network using Power-over-Ethernet (2015)

A generic sensor network architecture is developed, combining Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) and Internet-of-Things (IoT) concepts. Distributed sensor nodes consist of a local controller (Raspberry-Pi board), to pre-process and format data collected from several sensors, and an Ethernet and power management circuit, to interface with PoE-enabled Ethernet ports. The system design follows a client-server architecture: by combining PoE with the IoT, the endpoint clients and servers (PoE controller modules) can communicate in local area network using the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). Clients can send commands to observe sensor data, change data acquisition sampling rate, and post new sensor resources. As data gets observed by clients, it can be further stored in a custom-designed HDF5 (Hierarchical Data Format 5) file format, for post-processing, visualization and data management. The convergence of data and power flow control enables a smart power management at the network level - most of the sensor nodes will be powered-up (awoken) only after custom triggering events detected by a main subset of always-on sensing nodes. These PoE controller modules are intended for structural and environment monitoring in one of the tallest wooden tower in the world, to be built in UBC campus. The generic architecture may be further adopted in the future for other types of applications, like environmental monitoring or human health.
Functional and structural response of a cellulose‐degrading methanogenic microbial community to multiple aeration stress at two different temperatures (2001)

Two cellulose-fermenting methanogenic enrichment cultures originating from rice soil, one at 15 degrees C with Methanosaeta and the other at 30 degrees C with Methanosarcina as the dominant acetoclastic methanogen, both degraded cellulose anaerobically via propionate, acetate and H2 to CH4. The degradation was a two-stage process, with CH4 production mainly from H2/CO2 and accumulation of acetate and propionate during the first, and methanogenic consumption of acetate during the second stage. Aeration stress of 12, 24, 36 and 76 h duration was applied to these microbial communities during both stages of cellulose degradation. The longer the aeration stress, the stronger the inhibition of CH4 production at both 30 degrees C and 15 degrees C. The 72 h stressed culture at 30 degrees C did not fully recover. Aeration stress at 30 degrees C exerted a more pronounced effect, but lasted for a shorter time than that at 15 degrees C. The aeration stress was especially effective during the second stage of fermentation, when consumption of acetate (and to a lesser extent propionate) was also increasingly inhibited as the duration of the stress increased. The patterns of CH4 production and metabolite accumulation were consistent with changes observed in the methanogenic archaeal community structure. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the total microbial community at the beginning consisted of about 4% and 10% archaea, which increased to about 50% and 30% during the second stage of cellulose degradation at 30 degrees C and 15 degrees C respectively. Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta species became the dominant archaea at 30 degrees C and 15 degrees C respectively. The first round of aeration stress mainly reduced the non-Methanosarcina archaea (30 degrees C) and the non-Methanosaeta archaea (15 degrees C). Aeration stress also retarded the growth of Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta at 30 degrees C and 15 degrees C respectively. The longer the stress, the lower was the percentage of Methanosarcina cells to total microbial cells after the first stress at 30 degrees C. A later aeration stress decreased the population of Methanosarcina (at 30 degrees C) in relation to the duration of stress, so that non-Methanosarcina archaea became dominant. Hence, aeration stress affected the acetotrophic methanogens more than the hydrogenotrophic ones, thus explaining the metabolism of the intermediates of cellulose degradation under the different incubation conditions.
Techniques d'évaluation de la métacognition. I Les mesures indépendantes de l'exécution de tâches. II Les mesures dépendantes de l'exécution de tâches (1998)

Summary : Assessment of metacognition. II - Concurrent measures. In this paper, dependent measures in metacognitive assessment are reviewed. These measures aim to study metacognitive processes involved in task execution. They are characterized by data collected concurrently with the measurement of cognitive activity. Measures used in order to assess monitoring are distinguished from those used to assess control processes. In conclusion, the importance of using both concurrent and independent measures to analyze the conditions of metacognitive knowledge use is highlighted. Key words : metacognition, concurrent measures, monitoring, control.
Implementation of group member authentication protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks (2006)

In a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) architecture, there is no pre-existing fixed network infrastructure, and a mobile node in this network sends data packets to a destination node directly or through its neighbor nodes. This situation is of potential security concern since the neighbor nodes cannot be always trusted. In this paper, we design a group member authentication protocol used in a MANET. It aims to allow a set of nodes to legitimately participate in group communication and then distribute a secret group key to the approved nodes to establish secure communication with group members. Our protocol provides knowledge-based group member authentication, which recognizes a list of secret group keys held in a mobile node as the node's group membership. It employs zero knowledge proof and threshold cryptography. We then introduce our actual implementation and evaluate the behavior to ensure its successful deployment
Demonstration and characterization of CD46, membrane cofactor protein, in stomach. (1996)

CD46, membrane cofactor protein, is a glycoprotein widely present on the cell membranes and is different in molecular weight among organs or cells in the same individual. It acts as a cofactor of I of the complement system, which inactivates C3b bound to the autologous cells, and protects them from the attack of the complement. In this study CD46 was demonstrated in the stomach immunochemically. Gastric CD46 was expressed strongly in the mucosal epithelium, mucosa and endothelial cells of the vessels in the submucosal layer, whereas expressed weakly in the submucosa and muscle. Western blot analyses revealed that gastric CD46 was expressed as one broad band with molecular weight ranging from 60 kDa to 69 kDa, which was distinct from that of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood.
Wavelets for computer graphics: a primer.1 (1995)

Wavelets are a mathematical tool for hierarchically decomposing functions. They allow a function to be described in terms of a coarse overall shape, plus details that range from broad to narrow. Regardless of whether the function of interest is an image, a curve, or a surface, wavelets offer an elegant technique for representing the levels of detail present. The article is intended to provide people working in computer graphics with some intuition for what wavelets are, as well as to present the mathematical foundations necessary for studying and using them. We discuss the simple case of Haar wavelets in one and two dimensions, and show how they can be used for image compression.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>