gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensorless Air Flow Control in an HVAC System through Deep Learning (2019)

Sensor-based intelligence is essential in future smart buildings, but the benefits of increasing the number of sensors come at a cost. First, purchasing the sensors themselves can incur non-negligible costs. Second, since the sensors need to be physically connected and integrated into the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, the complexity and the operating cost of the system are increased. Third, sensors require maintenance at additional costs. Therefore, we need to pursue the appropriate technology (AT) in terms of the number of sensors used. In the ideal scenario, we can remove excessive sensors and yet achieve the intelligence that is required to operate the HVAC system. In this paper, we propose a method to replace the static pressure sensor that is essential for the operation of the HVAC system through the deep neural network (DNN).
Semi-supervised Learning with Constraints for Person Identification in Multimedia Data (2013)

We address the problem of person identification in TV series. We propose a unified learning framework for multi-class classification which incorporates labeled and unlabeled data, and constraints between pairs of features in the training. We apply the framework to train multinomial logistic regression classifiers for multi-class face recognition. The method is completely automatic, as the labeled data is obtained by tagging speaking faces using subtitles and fan transcripts of the videos. We demonstrate our approach on six episodes each of two diverse TV series and achieve state-of-the-art performance.
Fluorogenic reagents: 4-aminosulphonyl-7-hydrazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole, 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulphonyl)-7-hydrazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole and 4-hydrazino-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole hydrazine for aldehydes and ketones (1990)

Fluorogenic reagents for aldehydes and ketones, viz., 4-aminosulphonyl-7-hydrazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (ABD-H) and 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulphonyl)-7-hydrazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-H) and also purified 4-hydrazino-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole hydrazine (NBD-H.NH2NH2) were synthesised. These reagents are not fluorescent; however, their reaction products with aldehydes and ketones fluoresce at wavelengths from 548 to 580 nm with excitation from 450 to 470 nm. Both ABD-H and DBD-H exhibited similar reactivity and were more reactive than NBD-H.NH2NH2. The respective pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants for the production of the hydrazone of propionaldehyde with ABD-H, DBD-H and NBD-H.NH2NH2 were 8.9 × 10–2, 7.2 × 10–2 and 4.2 × 10–2 min–1(the reaction was carried out in 0.0025% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile at room temperature, 22 °C). The detection limits using the manual method (i.e., measurement of fluorescence intensity) for the hydrazones of aldehydes and ketones with ABD-H, DBD-H and NBD-H.NH2NH2 were in the µM range. The substrate blank fluorescence with ABD-H was half of that with DBD-H and NBD-H.NH2NH2. The reaction products were separated and analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with spectrofluorimetric detection. The detection limits for propionaldehyde were 1040, 120 and 35.0 fmol with ABD-H, DBD-H and NBD-H.NH2NH2, respectively, and those for heptan-4-one were 2690, 560 and 673 fmol, respectively. Of the three reagents, DBD-H is recommended for the sensitive detection of ketones and NBD-H.NH2NH2 for the detection of aldehydes. The detection limits for aldehydes and ketones by HPLC were in the sub-pmol to pmol range.
Effects of Abscisic Acid on Drought Responses of Kentucky Bluegrass (2003)

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important hormone regulating plant response to drought stress. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of exogenous ABA application on turf performance and physiological activities of kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) in response to drought stress. Plants of two kentucky bluegrass cultivars, `Brilliant' (drought susceptible) and `Midnight' (drought tolerant), were treated with ABA (100 μ m ) or water by foliar application and then grown under drought stress (no irrigation) or well-watered (irrigation on alternate days) conditions in a growth chamber. The two cultivars responded similarly to ABA application under both watering regimes. Foliar application of ABA had no effects on turf quality or physiological parameters under well-watered conditions. ABA application, however, helped maintain higher turf quality and delayed the quality decline during drought stress, compared to the untreated control. ABA-treated plants exposed to drought stress had higher cell membrane stability, as indicated by less electrolyte leakage of leaves, and higher photochemical efficiency, expressed as Fv/Fm, compared to untreated plants. Leaf water potential was not significantly affected, whereas leaf turgor pressure increased with ABA application after 9 and 12 d of drought. Osmotic adjustment increased with ABA application, and was sustained for a longer period of drought in `Midnight' than in `Brilliant'. The results suggested that exogenous ABA application improved turf performance during drought in both drought-sensitive and tolerant cultivars of kentucky bluegrass. This positive effect of ABA could be related to increased osmotic adjustment, cell turgor maintenance, and reduced damage to cell membranes and the photosynthetic system.
Impact of Technology Scaling on Substrate Noise Generation Mechanisms (2004)

The performance of mixed-mode ICs can be severely limited by the substrate noise that is generated by digital circuits. To reduce this problem and to assess its evolution with CMOS technology scaling, the different mechanisms that generate this substrate noise need to be well understood. In this paper we show that with technology scaling substrate noise due to power-supply-line coupling becomes the dominant coupling mechanism, which is several orders of magnitude larger than the substrate noise due to the source/drain capacitive coupling and the impact ionization. Further, we show that the peak value of the power-supply-line coupling noise becomes more dependent on the switching activity ratio of the circuit rather than the LdYdt noise as a result of the decrease in switching time with technology scaling. These insights are believed to be very useful for the development of low-noise digital design techniques in future CMOS technologies.
Emergence of azole drug resistance in <i>Candida</i> species from HIV-infected patients receivingprolonged fluconazole therapy for oral candidosis (1995)

We examined the effect of different fluconazole treatment regimens on the emergence of azole drug resistance among Candida species recovered from the mouths of 54 HIV-infected individuals. Patients were assigned to one of three treatment groups depending on their history of oral candidosis and fluconazole use. Mouthwashes obtained at regular intervals were cultured and isolates identified using standard methods. Antifungal broth micro-dilution tests were performed to determine IC30s of fluconazole and ketoconazole. Sixty-four Candida albicans isolates from 20 patients with no evidence of oral candidosis who had not received fluconazole all had IC30s of < or = 4 mg/L. Thirty-four (83%) of 41 C. albicans isolates from ten patients receiving intermittent, short-term fluconazole treatment for oral candidosis had IC30s of < or = 4 mg/L, but only two isolates (5%) had IC30s > or = 64 mg/L. In contrast, 26 (40%) of 65 C. albicans isolates from 15 patients given long-term fluconazole (50-200 mg/day or 150 mg/week) were classified as resistant having IC30s of fluconazole of > or = 64 mg/L. Ten of these 26 fluconazole-resistant isolates were susceptible to ketoconazole with IC30s of < or = 4 mg/L suggesting azole drug cross-resistance is not inevitable. Tests on multiple colonies from individual isolation plates showed that it was not unusual to obtain differing IC30 values, indicating that a sweep inoculum is essential if resistance is to be detected. Nine (60%) of the 15 patients given long-term fluconazole harboured isolates of C. albicans that were resistant to fluconazole at some time during the study period. All had low CD4 counts and were approaching the final stage of their illness. Three patients on long-term treatment had resistant organisms at the outset of the study; in the remainder, resistant strains emerged during the study period. In six of the nine cases, emergence of resistance in vitro correlated with persistent clinical signs of oral infection. Thirty-six isolates of Candida species other than C. albicans were also recovered from patients receiving long-term fluconazole and 29 (81%) of these had IC30s of > or = 64 mg/L. Our experience with C. albicans in patients with HIV infection, suggests that the long-term azole drug use may be an important factor in the development of fluconazole resistance as such resistance was rare and transient in patients on intermittent short-term treatment.
Preparation and Physical Properties of Starch Mixed Esters (2008)

Abstract The use of trifluoroacetic anhydride as a promoter for the preparation of mixed esters of granular starch is reported. Efficient esterification results in complete dissolution of the starch granules, which is attained without the use of an external heat source when trifluoroacetic anhydride was added incrementally to a starch slurry in the mixed carboxylic acids. Starch mixed esters are co‐acetate/butyrate, co‐acetate/hexanoate, co‐acetate/octanoate, co‐acetate/palmitate and co‐acetate/butyrate/hexanoate/octanoate/palmitate, each from a solution of the corresponding mixed acids. The products comprise a total degree of substitution > 2.5, as analyzed by gas‐liquid or high‐pressure liquid chromatographies. In each product the extent of acid substitution is the same as or close to the composition of the corresponding acid distribution in the reaction mixture. Films cast of the resulting mixed esters, together with the corresponding single acid esters, are analyzed for glass transition and tensile properties, as measured by a dynamic mechanical analyzer. Glass transition temperature and tensile modulus increase proportionally with the increased mole fraction of acetate within the starch mixed acids. Film elongation increases with increases of acyl chain length in all of the starch esters. The dependency of those properties on the relative distribution of acyl group is discussed.
Calculation of an optimized design of magnetic shields with integrated demagnetization coils (2016)

Magnetic shielding made from permalloy is frequently used to provide a time-stable magnetic field environment. A low magnetic field and low field gradients inside the shield can be obtained by using demagnetization coils through the walls, encircling edges of the shield. We first introduce and test the computational models to calculate magnetic properties of large size shields with thin shielding walls. We then vary the size, location and shape of the openings for the demagnetization coils at the corners of a cubic shield. It turns out that the effect on the shielding factor and the expected influence on the residual magnetic field homogeneity in the vicinity of the center of the shield is negligible. Thus, a low-cost version for the openings can be chosen and their size could be enlarged to allow for additional cables and easier handling. A construction of a shield with beveled edges and open corners turned out to substantially improve the shielding factor.
Cooling System Control in Automotive Engines (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The improvement in engine design and control techniques implies a reexamination of the cooling system. The aim of this research is to reduce fuel consumption and to increase passenger compartment thermal comfort through a better control of coolant flow rates and temperature. Preliminary experimental investigations, presented in the first part, permitted the development of a new cooling system. This system, described hereafter, is based on an electric pump and an automatic water-valve controlling the coolant flow rate and regulating the temperature at the cylinder head output. Finally are presented the vehicle tests; these confirm the results explained in the preliminary section:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">fuel consumption reduction, mainly due to a higher average coolant temperature,</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">improved passenger compartment comfort through a monitored higher temperature level.</div> </li> </ul> </div>
Study of the distribution of antibody‐ dependent enhancement determinants on dengue 2 isolates using dengue 2‐derived monoclonal antibodies (1987)

Dengue 2 (DEN-2) strains isolated from children during the 1980 metropolitan Bangkok epidemic were shown to possess antigenic homogeneity when studied for determinants mediating antibody-dependent infection enhancement using DEN-2 monoclonal antibodies. All isolates possessed multiple enhancing determinants, but those associated with mild and severe dengue syndromes could not be distinguished. Either the basis of disease severity in dengue is more complex than the mere presence or absence of virus epitopes involved in enhanced infection or enhancing epitopes have differences not detected in this system with monoclonal antibodies raised to the same serotype.
The effects of storage temperature and duration of blood samples on DNA and RNA qualities (2017)

DNA and RNA samples from blood are the common examination target for non-invasive physical tests and/or biomedical studies. Since high-quality DNA and RNA samples guarantee the correctness of these tests and/or studies, we investigated the effects of storage temperature and storage duration of whole blood on DNA and RNA qualities. Subjects were enrolled to donate blood samples which were stored for different durations and at different temperatures, followed by the examinations on RNA quality, qPCR, DNA quality and DNA methylation. For RNA, we observed obvious quality decline with storage duration longer than 24 hours. Storage at low temperature does not keep RNA samples from degradation. And, storing whole blood samples in freezer dramatically damage RNA. For DNA, quality decline was not observed even with storage duration for 15 days. However, DNA methylation significantly altered with storage duration longer than three days. Storage duration within 24 hours is critical for collecting high-quality RNA samples for next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays (RIN≧8). If microarray assays are expected (RIN≧7), storage duration within 32 hours is acceptable. Although DNA is resistant within 15 days when kept in whole blood, DNA quantity dramatically decreases owing to WBC lysis. In addition, duration for more than three days significantly alter DNA methylation status, globally and locally. Our result provides a reference for dealing with blood samples.
The Chemical Behavior of Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. I. Transformation to Octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene-1,8-dione (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemical Behavior of Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. I. Transformation to Octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene-1,8-dioneJ. S. Newcomer and E. T. McBeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3, 946–951Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01171a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01171a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of a Novel Planar Bulter Matrix Beamformer with Two-Axis Beam-Switching Capability (2006)

By employing one microstrip patch array and one single-conductor microstrip leaky-wave array on the same substrate, a novel planar Bulter matrix beam-forming array that can switch beams in two orthogonal axes is proposed in this paper. Numerical simulation and experimental results are shown to demonstrate its two-axis beam-switching capability. With its printed circuit form, it is very suitable for integration into modern wireless communication systems with smart antenna techniques.
Detecting Credit Card Fraud Using Selected Machine Learning Algorithms (2019)

Due to the immense growth of e-commerce and increased online based payment possibilities, credit card fraud has become deeply relevant global issue. Recently, there has been major interest for applying machine learning algorithms as data mining technique for credit card fraud detection. However, number of challenges appear, such as lack of publicly available data sets, highly imbalanced class sizes, variant fraudulent behavior etc. In this paper we compare performance of three machine learning algorithms: Random Forest, Support Vector Machine and Logistic Regression in detecting fraud on real-life data containing credit card transactions. To mitigate imbalanced class sizes, we use SMOTE sampling method. The problem of ever-changing fraud patterns is considered with employing incremental learning of selected ML algorithms in experiments. The performance of the techniques is evaluated based on commonly accepted metric: precision and recall.
Non-inhibited miRNAs shape the cellular response to anti-miR (2014)

Identification of primary microRNA (miRNA) gene targets is critical for developing miRNA-based therapeutics and understanding their mechanisms of action. However, disentangling primary target derepression induced by miRNA inhibition from secondary effects on the transcriptome remains a technical challenge. Here, we utilized RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) combined with competitive binding assays to identify novel primary targets of miR-122. These transcripts physically dissociate from AGO2-miRNA complexes when anti-miR is spiked into liver lysates. mRNA target displacement strongly correlated with expression changes in these genes following in vivo anti-miR dosing, suggesting that derepression of these targets directly reflects changes in AGO2 target occupancy. Importantly, using a metric based on weighted miRNA expression, we found that the most responsive mRNA target candidates in both RIP competition assays and expression profiling experiments were those with fewer alternative seed sites for highly expressed non-inhibited miRNAs. These data strongly suggest that miRNA co-regulation modulates the transcriptomic response to anti-miR. We demonstrate the practical utility of this 'miR-target impact' model, and encourage its incorporation, together with the RIP competition assay, into existing target prediction and validation pipelines.
Size-Selective Diffusion in Nanoporous but Flexible Membranes for Glucose Sensors (2009)

A series of nanoporous membranes prepared from polyethylene-block-polystyrene were applied for size-selective diffusion of glucose and albumin molecules. Millimeter-sized test cells for characterization of such molecular diffusions were designed assuming an implantable glucose sensor. The prepared nanoporous membrane exhibits excellent flexibility and toughness compared to conventional nanoporous membranes of brittle alumina. Pore size of the membranes could be controlled from 5 to 30 nm by varying preparation conditions. All of these nanoporous membranes prepared in this study let glucose pass through, indicating a continuous pore connection through the entire thickness of the membrane in a few tens of micrometers. In contrast, membranes prepared under optimum conditions could perfectly block albumin permeation. This means that these vital molecules having different sizes can be selectively diffused through the nanoporous membranes. Such a successful combination of size selectivity of molecular diffusion in nanoscale and superior mechanical properties in macroscale is also beneficial for other devices requesting down-sized manufacture.
Synthesis and <i>N</i>‐Methyl‐<scp>D</scp>‐aspartate (NMDA) Antagonist Properties of the Enantiomers of α‐Amino‐5‐(phosphonomethyl)[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐3‐propanoic Acid. Use of a New Chiral Glycine Derivative (1992)

Abstract The enantiomers of the title compound, 7a and ent ‐ 7a , and of substituted analogues are synthesized. The absolute configuration of 7a is deduced from that of ( tert ‐butyl 2‐ tert ‐butyl)‐3‐methyl‐4‐oxoimidazolidin‐1‐carboxylate ( 15 ) and from the trans ‐configuration of the intermediate 17a which in turn is assigned on the basis of 1 H‐NMR nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements. Instead of 15 , the 2‐isopropyl‐substituted analogue 21 can also be employed. Its preparation from glycine, methylamine, isobutyraldehyde, and (Boc) 2 O, and the resolution through the bis‐ O , O ′‐(4‐toluyl)tartrate salt 20 are described. In two functional tests (rat neocortical slice and frog hemisected spinal cord preparation) the ( S )‐enantiomer 7a (SDZ EAB 515) is shown to be a very potent, selective competitive NMDA antagonist.
Syntheses and structural studies of lithium complexes of 2-amino-6-methylpyridine † (2000)

Lithiation of 2-amino-6-methylpyridine (C5H3NMeNH2) occurred smoothly in diethyl ether (OEt2) or hexane–N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (tmeda) affording [Li(C5H3NMeNH)(OEt2)0.5] 1 or [Li(C5H3NMeNH)(tmeda)] 2. These complexes are extremely moisture sensitive and rapidly yield [Li8(C5H3NMeNH)6(O)(OEt2)2] 3 and [Li8(C5H3NMeNH)6(O)(tmeda)2] 4 respectively, upon exposure to limited amounts of water. On treatment of 1 with dimethylsilicone, insertion of dimethylsilicone into the Li–N bond occurs affording [Li4(C5H3NMeNHSiMe2O)4] 5. All complexes were characterised by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic methods. Complexes 3 and 4 reveal octanuclear centrosymmetric structures with an octahedral oxygen centre bound by six lithium atoms, and in 4 a monodentate tmeda ligand is identified. Compound 5 is tetranuclear with an Li4O4 pseudo-cubane core with each of these lithium atoms involved in six-membered chelate rings comprised of N–C–N–Si–O atoms with the lithium bound to the terminal N and O heteroatoms.
Ejection problems and injuries: their causes, effects and treatments, and suggestions for preventive measures. (1979)

A relatively brief discussion of the problems of combat ejections in the I.A.F. is presented, including the injuries found and their prevention where possible; some problems that are known to exist and to some of which no clear-cut solutions are known. Some indications are given of what to expect when confronted with a man immediately after he has ejected from his aircraft.
Advanced holographic methods in extreme ultraviolet interference lithography (2011)

We study the formation of complex pattern geometries and beam shapes in diffraction-based extreme ultraviolet interference lithography. In particular, we demonstrate numerically as well as experimentally the potential of interfering multiple beams with well-controlled relative phase relations for the fabrication of high resolution periodic and quasiperiodic nanostructures.