gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conserved phosphorylation sites in the activation loop of the <i>Arabidopsis</i> phytosulfokine receptor PSKR1 differentially affect kinase and receptor activity (2015)

PSK (phytosulfokine) is a plant peptide hormone perceived by a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase. Phosphosite mapping of epitope-tagged PSKR1 (phytosulfokine receptor 1) from Arabidopsis thaliana plants identified Ser(696) and Ser(698) in the JM (juxtamembrane) region and probably Ser(886) and/or Ser(893) in the AL (activation loop) as in planta phosphorylation sites. In vitro-expressed kinase was autophosphorylated at Ser(717) in the JM, and at Ser(733), Thr(752), Ser(783), Ser(864), Ser(911), Ser(958) and Thr(998) in the kinase domain. The LC-ESI-MS/MS spectra provided support that up to three sites (Thr(890), Ser(893) and Thr(894)) in the AL were likely to be phosphorylated in vitro. These sites are evolutionarily highly conserved in PSK receptors, indicative of a conserved function. Site-directed mutagenesis of the four conserved residues in the activation segment, Thr(890), Ser(893), Thr(894) and Thr(899), differentially altered kinase activity in vitro and growth-promoting activity in planta. The T899A and the quadruple-mutated TSTT-A (T890A/S893A/T894A/T899A) mutants were both kinase-inactive, but PSKR1(T899A) retained growth-promoting activity. The T890A and S893A/T894A substitutions diminished kinase activity and growth promotion. We hypothesize that phosphorylation within the AL activates kinase activity and receptor function in a gradual and distinctive manner that may be a means to modulate the PSK response.
Acute renal failure. II. Experimental models of acute renal failure: imperfect but indispensable (2000)

Acute renal failure (ARF) due to ischemic or toxic renal injury, a clinical syndrome traditionally referred to as acute tubular necrosis (ATN), is a common disease with a high overall mortality of approximately 50%. Little progress has been made since the advent of dialysis more than 30 years ago in improving this outcome. During this same period, a considerable amount of basic research has been devoted to elucidating the pathophysiology of ATN. The ultimate goal of this research is to facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions that either prevent ARF, ameliorate the severity of tubular injury following an acute ischemic or toxic renal insult, or accelerate the recovery of established ATN. This research endeavor has been highly successful in elucidating many vascular and tubular abnormalities that are likely to be involved in ischemic and toxic ARF. This information has led to impressive advances in the development of a number of different pharmacological interventions that are highly effective in ameliorating the renal dysfunction in animal models of ARF. Although these developments are exciting and promising, enthusiasm of investigators involved in this endeavor has been tempered somewhat by the results of a few recent clinical studies of patients with ATN. These trials, designed to examine the efficacy in humans of some of the interventions effective in animal models of ARF, have resulted in little or no benefit. This is therefore an important time to reevaluate the approaches we have taken over the past three to four decades to develop new and effective treatments for ATN in humans. The major goals of this review are 1) to evaluate the relevance and utility of the experimental models currently available to study ischemic and toxic renal injury, 2) to suggest novel experimental approaches and models that have the potential to provide advantages over methods currently available, 3) to discuss ways of integrating results obtained from different experimental models of acute renal injury and of evaluating the relevance of these findings to ATN in humans, and 4) to discuss the difficulties inherent in clinical studies of ATN and to suggest how studies should be best designed to overcome these problems.
Sequence dependent migration behavior of double‐stranded DNA in capillary electrophoresis (1995)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a replaceable linear polyacrylamide (LPA) sieving matrix was used to examine sequence-dependent migration of double-stranded DNA fragments. It has been found that DNA conformational effects were significant under high electric field separations, especially using high resolution matrices. Compared to linear DNA-ladder standards, both anomalously slow and rapid DNA fragments were observed, with the degree of anomalous migration depending on the electric field strength, polymer concentration, column temperature, and background electrolyte (denaturants, sodium and magnesium ions, DNA-intercalating dyes). By selecting a combination of electrophoretic conditions (e.g. 3% T LPA, elevated capillary temperature, lower electric field strength and addition of DNA intercalating dyes), molecular weight dependent separations were closely restored.
Power system voltage stability margin identification using local measurements (2003)

Voltage stability margin is essential to be known in advance to avoid voltage collapse and system blackout. This paper presents a new technique for determining the voltage stability margin, so that a corrective decision is taken in the proper time. The proposed algorithm is based on recursive least error square to measure the Thevenin's impedance at the bus in question as the busload changes. The proposed technique utilizes the past measurements together with the recent local measurements, bus voltage and load current, to predict Thevenin's impedance. The voltage instability occurs at a point where the load impedance equals Thevenin's impedance. Prior to this point the voltage margin can be predicted using the proposed technique. The method is tested on the IEEE 30 bus system for a single bus-load change, short-term voltage stability, and when the buses loads change with the same rate, long-term voltage stability study. Unlike the other techniques the proposed algorithm has the ability to estimate digitally the Thevenin's impedance at the load bus in question.
Repeated sessions of noninvasive brain DC stimulation is associated with motor function improvement in stroke patients (2007)

The findings of our study support previous research showing that tDCS is significantly associated with motor function improvement in stroke patients; and support that consecutive daily sessions of tDCS might increase its behavioral effects. Because the technique of tDCS is simple, safe and non-expensive; our findings support further research on the use of this technique for the rehabilitation of patients with stroke.
Towards clinical management of traumatic brain injury: a review of models and mechanisms from a biomechanical perspective (2013)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major worldwide healthcare problem. Despite promising outcomes from many preclinical studies, the failure of several clinical studies to identify effective therapeutic and pharmacological approaches for TBI suggests that methods to improve the translational potential of preclinical studies are highly desirable. Rodent models of TBI are increasingly in demand for preclinical research, particularly for closed head injury (CHI), which mimics the most common type of TBI observed clinically. Although seemingly simple to establish, CHI models are particularly prone to experimental variability. Promisingly, bioengineering-oriented research has advanced our understanding of the nature of the mechanical forces and resulting head and brain motion during TBI. However, many neuroscience-oriented laboratories lack guidance with respect to fundamental biomechanical principles of TBI. Here, we review key historical and current literature that is relevant to the investigation of TBI from clinical, physiological and biomechanical perspectives, and comment on how the current challenges associated with rodent TBI models, particularly those involving CHI, could be improved.
Uniting the Paper and Digital Worlds (2008)

Digital pen and paper technologies are increasingly popular in vertical markets such as health care, but the broad market of everyday consumers remains untapped. In the past year, several developers targeting that market have focused on notetakers-whether journalists, lawyers, or students-in the hope of uniting the paper and digital worlds.
Study on the morphology of the hydrophobically‐modified polyelectrolyte in aqueous solution by AFM measurements (2004)

Abstract This work focuses on the AFM study of the aggregation morphology and association mechanism of the hydrophobically‐association water‐soluble polymer P (AM‐AA‐BPAM) in aqueous solution. It shows that the P (AM‐AA‐BPAM) molecule chain, which has hydrophobic and hydrophilic ionic groups, forms the “spherical” aggregations as micelles below 0.2 g · dL −1 , and then connect each other to form the string‐like aggregations, which produce large viscosity for the polymer solution. It is also coincident with the FCS, DLS, and viscosity study result. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1175–1178, 2004
Ubiquitous homelinks based on IEEE 1394 and ultra wideband solutions (2003)

This article investigates a home entertainment and computing network proposal, which takes advantage of ultra wideband (UWB) impulse radio technology and the IEEE 1394 system. We first compare various present home networking technologies. Then we introduce an overview of the IEEE 1394 high-performance serial bus. After that, we describe the network architecture of the proposed home networking scheme, IEEE 1394-based UWB home entertainment and computing networks connected by a wireless 1394 bridge. The IEEE 1394 backbone network and UWB impulse radio subsystem are discussed in detail, as well. Summaries are also provided.
Innovation in International Organization: The International Energy Agency (1977)

Responding to the Arab oil embargo of 1973-74 and to the abrupt shift of control over the oil market from the international oil companies to the producer countries, the major oil consuming countries established the International Energy Agency (IEA) on November 15, 1974. This article analyzes the origin, structure and early operations of the lEA. The author concludes that the organization of the IEA demonstrates the ability of oil consuming countries to respond in a constructive, cooperative, and peaceful fashion to the energy challenges of today.
The effect of rate limitation by cytochrome <i>c</i> on the redox state of the ubiquinone pool in reconstituted NADH: cytochrome <i>c</i> reductase (1987)

The kinetic model of Ragan & Cottingham [(1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 811, 13-31] for electron transport through a mobile pool of quinone predicts that, under certain conditions, the normal linear dependence of electron flow on the degree of reduction (or oxidation) of the quinone should no longer be found. These conditions can be met by reconstituted NADH: cytochrome c reductase (Complex I-III from bovine heart) when electron flow is rate-limited by a low concentration of cytochrome c. We show that, in such a system, the dependence of activity (varied by inhibition with rotenone) on the steady-state level of quinone reduction is indeed non-linear and very closely accounted for by the theory.
Porin channels in intact cells of Escherichia coli are not affected by Donnan potentials across the outer membrane. (1988)

Donnan potential (interior negative) across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli was measured by the distribution of [14C]choline in a mutant with a deletion through the genes for the active transport of choline. Calculation showed that the presence of membrane-derived oligosaccharides in the periplasm could quantitatively explain the magnitude of the Donnan potential and the periplasmic volume. By measuring the permeability of porin channels in intact cells suspended in solutions of widely different ionic strengths, it was shown that changing Donnan potential from 5 mV to approximately 100 mV had no effect on the permeability of either OmpF or OmpC porin channel toward a zwitterionic compound, cephaloridine. Thus, the "voltage-dependent gating" of porin channel, previously reported from another laboratory, is likely to be an artifact of in vitro reconstitution. The influx of negatively charged compounds, however, was affected by the Donnan potential as expected from the electrolyte diffusion theory.
Self-sufficient itemsets (2010)

Self-sufficient itemsets are those whose frequency cannot be explained solely by the frequency of either their subsets or of their supersets. We argue that itemsets that are not self-sufficient will often be of little interest to the data analyst, as their frequency should be expected once that of the itemsets on which their frequency depends is known. We present tests for statistically sound discovery of self-sufficient itemsets, and computational techniques that allow those tests to be applied as a post-processing step for any itemset discovery algorithm. We also present a measure for assessing the degree of potential interest in an itemset that complements these statistical measures.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol, Curcumin and Simvastatin in Acute Small Intestinal Inflammation (2010)

Oral treatment with Resveratrol, Curcumin or Simvastatin ameliorates acute small intestinal inflammation by down-regulating Th1-type immune responses and prevents bacterial translocation by maintaining gut barrier function. These findings provide novel and potential prophylaxis and treatment options of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
Gettering of copper in silicon at half of the projected ion range induced by helium implantation (2002)

Secondary ion mass spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry, and elastic recoil detection analysis measurements were used to determine the Cu gettering behavior induced by He implanted into Si samples. This study was done in an iterative way by changing the implanted He fluence (5×1015–3×1016 cm−2), implantation temperature (room temperature or 350 °C), and implantation conditions (random or channel implants). Upon postimplantation annealing at 800 °C for 600 s, in addition to the gettering at the projected range (Rp) region, the room temperature implanted samples also present Cu gettering in a region corresponding to the half of the projected range (Rp/2) depth. Also a threshold fluence (Φ≈7×1015 at/cm2) was determined for the appearance of the Rp/2 effect. In contrast, for the 350 °C implants, the Cu impurities are detected only close to the Rp region where the He induced cavities are formed. The gettering effect at Rp/2 region is discussed in terms of the cavity formation mechanisms and their influence on the point defect fluxes taking place during the thermal annealing.
Intersection Diagnostic Review Module: Expert System for Geometric Design Review of Intersections on Rural Two-Lane Highways (2003)

FHWA has sponsored the development of an expert system for diagnostic review of at-grade intersections on rural two-lane highways as a component of the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM). This system, the Intersection Diagnostic Review Module (IDRM), has been developed because conventional design practices and design review procedures often fail to explicitly address the safety consequences of geometric design decisions. In particular, combinations of geometric features may pose safety problems that current design policies do not address (e.g., an intersection in combination with a sharp horizontal curve and a steep grade). The expert system allows such problems to be identified and evaluated in an automated and organized fashion. The structure and knowledge base of this expert system are presented. The system identifies potential safety problems in an intersection design by applying decision rules based on models that quantify the extent to which particular problems may or may not be present. Established geometric design models (such as the sight distance models used in current design policies) as well as new models that have been developed from literature synthesis and judgments by geometric design and safety experts are included. The models that IDRM uses to identify potential safety problems and the threshold values used to determine whether particular problems exist are described. IDRM provides a series of advisory messages indicating design features that should be reviewed for potential safety-related concerns. The advisory messages are based on the nature and extent of concerns identified by comparison with established threshold values.
Scaling law for the radius of gyration of proteins and its dependence on hydrophobicity Part B Polymer physics (2009)

The scaling law between the radius of gyration and the length of a polymer chain has long been an interesting topic since the Flory theory. In this article, we seek to derive a unified formula for the scaling exponent of proteins under different solvent conditions. The formula is obtained by considering the balance between the excluded volume effect and elastic interactions among monomers. Our results show that the scaling exponent is closely related to the fractal dimension of a protein's structure at the equilibrium state. Applying this formula to natural proteins yields a 2/5 law with fractal dimension 2 at the native state, which is in good agreement with other studies based on Protein Data Bank analysis. We also study the dependence of the scaling exponent on the hydrophobicity of a protein chain through a simple two-letters HP model. The results provides a way to estimate the globular structure of a protein, and could be helpful for the investigation of the mechanisms of protein folding.
Molecular and enzymatic characterization of two stilbene synthases from Eastern white pine (<i>Pinus strobus</i>) A single Arg/His difference determines the activity and the pH dependence of the enzymes (1995)

Pinus strobus (Eastern white pine) contains stilbenes biosynthetically derived from cinnamoyl-CoA (pinosylvin) or dihydrocinnamoyl-CoA (dihydropinosylvin). We screened a P. strobus cDNA library with a stilbene synthase (STS) probe from Pinus sylvestris. The eight isolated cDNAs represented two closely related STS genes with five amino acid differences in the proteins. The enzyme properties were investigated after heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. Both proteins preferred cinnamoyl-CoA against dihydrocinnamoyl-CoA and thus represented pinosylvin synthases. Otherwise they revealed large differences. STS1 had only 3-5% of the activity of STS2, its pH optimum was shifted to lower values (pH 6), and it synthesized with cinnamoyl-CoA a second unknown product. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that a single Arg-to-His exchange in STS1 was responsible for all of the differences. The proton acceptor properties of His are discussed as the reason for the properties of STS1.
Automated extraction of cancer lesions with convergent fold patterns in double contrast x‐ray images of the stomach (1991)

Abstract This paper describes an automatic detection system which extracts pathological areas from double contrast stomach x‐ray images developed for computer‐assisted diagnosis of stomach x‐ray images. This paper examines the image for stomach cancer, especially the convergent fold pattern of the stomach wall which is inherent to the early stage of cancer, and extracts the pattern from the x‐ray image. The actual processing procedure is divided largely into the following four stages: (1) extraction of the border of the fold region; (2) extraction of contrasted regions of the bowel; (3) evaluation of the fold convergence; and (4) extraction of the lesion candidates. In this paper, a new feature parameter called convergence index is defined to represent quantitatively the extent of convergence of the folds on the stomach wall. The detailed computation procedures for the convergence index are presented. Finally, an experiment is presented for the actual 25 examples of double contrast stomach x‐ray images, and it is demonstrated that the proposed system has a fairly high detection performance for the cancer lesion with fold convergence. No study has been presented on the recognition of the pathological pattern for the stomach cancer in the double contrast stomach x‐ray image, and the result in this paper is expected to provide an important clue to the realization of the future automatic diagnosis of the stomach x‐ray images.
Mapping the Potential Energy Surfaces of the 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene Ground and Triplet States <i>J. Am. Chem. Soc.</i> <b>1999</b>, <i>121</i>, 895−902 (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionMapping the Potential Energy Surfaces of the 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene Ground and Triplet States J. Am. Chem. Soc.1999, 121, 895−902Jack Saltiel, Janell M. Crowder, and Shujun WangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 22, 5352Publication Date (Web):May 25, 1999Publication History Published online25 May 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9955114https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9955114correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (10 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of the K88 Antigen in the Pathogenesis of Neonatal Diarrhea Caused by <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Piglets (1972)

The role of the K88 antigen of Escherichia coli in neonatal diarrhea of piglets was studied by comparing a K88-positive strain with three K88-negative strains derived from the K88-positive strain. K88 antigen was produced by the K88-positive strain in the intestinal tract of gnotobiotic piglets, whereas K88-negative strains did not regain the ability to synthesize K88 antigen. Synthesis of the antigen conferred different colonization characteristics on the four strains; K88-positive bacteria adhered to the mucosa of the small intestine, whereas K88-negative bacteria did not attach and were distributed throughout the lumen. Adhesion of K88-positive bacteria to tissue from the small intestine of gnotobiotic piglets was demonstrated in vitro and was inhibited by antisera that contained K88 antibodies. Attachment did not occur with bacteria grown at 18 C. Adhesion of cell-free K88 antigen was also demonstrated. The K88-positive strain and one of the K88-negative strains were equally virulent in gnotobiotic piglets. In contrast, the K88-positive strain killed 50% of conventionally reared piglets, whereas the K88-negative strain killed only 3%. Adhesion of the K88-positive strain, but not of the K88-negative strain, to the mucosa of the small intestine was demonstrated. Our results show that K88 antigen is responsible for attachment of K88-positive bacteria to the wall of the small intestine, and that adhesion is essential for the virulence of K88-positive bacteria in conventionally reared piglets.