gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multifunctional skin-like wearable optical sensor based on an optical micro-/nanofibre (2020)

Multifunctional skin-like sensors play an important role in next-generation healthcare, robotics, and bioelectronics. Here, we report a skin-like wearable optical sensor (SLWOS) enabled by a stretchable, flexible, and attachable patch embedded with an optical micro-/nanofibre (MNF), which is highly compatible with human skin, a curved surface, or cloth. Based on the transition from radiation modes into guided modes around the bending area of the MNF, the SLWOS embedded with a wavy MNF is highly sensitive to weak strain, achieving a gauge factor as large as 675 (strain <1%). The flexible SLWOS is also capable of monitoring the bending angle in a broad dynamic range with tunable sensitivity. In addition, temperature measurements in the range of -20 to 130 °C are realized by taking advantage of PDMS's large negative thermo-optic coefficient. The superior sensing performance together with mechanical flexibility enables the real-time monitoring of respiration, arm motion, and body temperature. This SLWOS will have great potential in wearable optical devices ranging from ultrasensitive sensors to photonic healthcare devices.
COMPLEXITIES AND ALGORITHMS FOR GLYCAN SEQUENCING USING TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY (2008)

Determining glycan structures is vital to comprehend cell-matrix, cell-cell, and even intracellular biological events. Glycan sequencing, which determines the primary structure of a glycan using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), remains one of the most important tasks in proteomics. Analogous to peptide de novo sequencing, glycan de novo sequencing determines the structure without the aid of a known glycan database. We show in this paper that glycan de novo sequencing is NP-hard. We then provide a heuristic algorithm and develop a software program to solve the problem in practical cases. Experiments on real MS/MS data of glycopeptides demonstrate that our heuristic algorithm gives satisfactory results on practical data.
The Receptor-like Neural Network for Modeling Corticosteroid and Testosterone Binding Globulins (1997)

A neural-net method for simulation of corticosteroid and testosterone binding globulin (CBG, TBG)-ligand interactions is presented. Molecular modeling provides the geometry and partial atomic charges of 31 steroid molecules. The atomic coordinates within the molecule of the compound of the highest affinity are then used to train a self-organizing map (SOM) that forms a template for the comparison to other molecules. Comparison is done using a series of normalized patterns produced by the SOM. The template SOM, after overlaying on the set of random vectors, mimics the topology of the receptor site and is used to train unsupervisedly a neuron capable of recognizing the degree of similarity between the reference and tested patterns. A good correlation is observed for signals generated by the neuron plotted against the experimental CBG affinities. For TBG affinity modeling a modified procedure is designed which is capable of separating electrostatic and shape effects. The high predictive power of the model is achieved by keeping close analogy to the processes taking place at the real receptor sites.
Synthesis of Brain-State-in-a-Box (BSB) based associative memories (1994)

Presents a novel synthesis procedure to realize an associative memory using the Generalized-Brain-State-in-a-Box (GBSB) neural model. The implementation yields an interconnection structure that guarantees that the desired memory patterns are stored as asymptotically stable equilibrium points and that possesses very few spurious states. Furthermore, the interconnection structure is in general non-symmetric. Simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed synthesis method. The results obtained for the GBSB model are successfully applied to other neural network models.
Measurement of Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and IL-33 Receptors (sST2 and ST2L) in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2011)

The interleukin-33 (IL-33)/ST2 pathway has emerged as an intercellular signaling system that participates in antigen-allergen response, autoimmunity and fibrosis. It has been suggested that IL-33/ST2 signaling has been involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), because IL-33 and its receptor have been specifically mapped to RA synovium. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of IL-33 and sST2 in sera and synovial fluids in patients with RA. The serum level of IL-33 was significantly higher in patients with RA (294.9 ± 464.0 pg/mL) than in healthy controls (96.0 ± 236.9 pg/mL, P = 0.002). The synovial fluid level of IL-33 was significantly higher in RA patients than in osteoarthritis patients. The level of serum sST2 was higher in RA patients than in healthy controls (P = 0.042). A significant relationship was found between the levels of IL-33 and IL-1β (r = 0.311, P = 0.005), and IL-33 and IL-6 (r = 0.264, P = 0.017) in 81 RA patients. The levels of IL-33, sST2 and C-reactive protein decreased after conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs treatment in 10 patients with treatment-naïve RA. Conclusively, IL-33 is involved in the pathogenesis of RA and may reflect the degree of inflammation in patients with RA.
A new fiber-optic microphone based on waveguide modulator (2009)

A new fiber-optic microphone was demonstrated theoretically and experimentally in this paper. The microphone is based on Mach-Zehnder and Sagnac interferometers, which comprise an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source, a conventional single-mode fiber, a fiber reflector and two 3dB couplers. As two light paths have the same optical length but travel different sequence paths in this hybrid interferometer, the beams in different paths pass through the sensing fiber at different times and the phase signals differ from each other. Utilizing the two light paths interfered and fiber waveguide modulator replaced by piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) modulation, to implement the direct acquiring of weak voice signals. Adoption of the ASE light source and the single-mode fiber as sensing fiber decreases the system cost. The application of the fiber waveguide modulator overcomes the limitation in high frequency and nonlinear effect of PZT modulation, improves the flexibility of the system and the frequency response range. Phase shifts of the two interfered beams, which is caused by the slowly varying environmental parameter, is equal to eliminate the influence from outside effectively. In this system, the signal demodulation circuit based on weak voice signal is simpler than the PGC demodulation circuit. The experimental results of the fiber-optic microphone based on waveguide modulator have been demonstrated that the simple circuit demodulation for the weak voice signal is feasible.
Terracotta Lamps (1933)

Homer A. Thompson, Terracotta Lamps, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol. 2, No. 2, The American Excavations in the Athenian Agora: First Report (1933), pp. 195-215
THE MATECAT TOOL (2014)

We present a new web-based CAT tool providing translators with a professional work environment, integrating translation memories, terminology bases, concordancers, and machine translation. The tool is completely developed as open source software and has been already successfully deployed for business, research and education. The MateCat Tool represents today probably the best available open source platform for investigating, integrating, and evaluating under realistic conditions the impact of new machine translation technology on human post-editing.
Excretion of Enterochelin by <i>exbA</i> and <i>exbB</i> Mutants of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1973)

Escherichia coli mutants that are insensitive to colicins B and I hyperproduce and excrete the iron chelator enterochelin, which is an inhibitor of these colicins. These mutants are classified as exbA and exbB. The exbA mutants are chromium sensitive and require iron for growth, and the mutations are located in the tonB region at min 25 of the E. coli chromosome. tonB mutants in which the genome of phage lambda is inserted into the bacterial chromosome within the tonB gene also exhibit enterochelin excretion. The exbB mutants require methionine and probably result from deletions which are located between min 56 and 58. Colicin insensitivity, enterochelin excretion and methionine auxotrophy are recessive in exbB merodiploids. The methionine requirement of exbB strains is satisfied by cystathionine or homocysteine, and exbB mutants are sensitive to ethionine.
Investigation of End-To-End Speaker-Attributed ASR for Continuous Multi-Talker Recordings (2020)

Recently, an end-to-end (E2E) speaker-attributed automatic speech recognition (SA-ASR) model was proposed as a joint model of speaker counting, speech recognition and speaker identification for monaural overlapped speech. It showed promising results for simulated speech mixtures consisting of various numbers of speakers. However, the model required prior knowledge of speaker profiles to perform speaker identification, which significantly limited the application of the model. In this paper, we extend the prior work by addressing the case where no speaker profile is available. Specifically, we perform speaker counting and clustering by using the internal speaker representations of the E2E SA-ASR model to diarize the utterances of the speakers whose profiles are missing from the speaker inventory. We also propose a simple modification to the reference labels of the E2E SA-ASR training which helps handle continuous multi-talker recordings well. We conduct a comprehensive investigation of the original E2E SA-ASR and the proposed method on the monaural LibriCSS dataset. Compared to the original E2E SA-ASR with relevant speaker profiles, the proposed method achieves a close performance without any prior speaker knowledge. We also show that the source-target attention in the E2E SA-ASR model provides information about the start and end times of the hypotheses.
Electrochemical C–H Amination: Synthesis of Aromatic Primary Amines via<i>N</i>-Arylpyridinium Ions (2013)

We have developed a new method for C-H amination of aromatic compounds based on electrochemical oxidation of aromatic compounds in the presence of pyridine followed by the reaction of the resulting N-arylpyridinium ions with an alkylamine. This new transformation serves as a powerful method for synthesizing aromatic primary amines from aromatic compounds without using metal catalysts and harsh chemical reagents. High chemoselectivity of the present method is demonstrated by C-H amination of aromatic compounds bearing a nitro group to give a key intermediate for the synthesis of VLA-4 antagonist.
Oblique flow headers for heat exchangers: the ideal geometries and the evaluation of losses. Technical report No. 63 (1966)

The problem of the design of oblique flow headers for heat exchangers flowing low-density fluids is considered. It is demonstrated by test that the theory already available in the literature provides an adequate basis for design for the single-pass parallel flow and counter flow configurations. The theory is summarized in the form of design equations and illustrated by specific application to the air-side flow in a gas-turbine regenerator.
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction in the Generalized Linear Regression Model (1962)

Abstract When interdependence of disturbances is present in a regression model, the pattern of sample residuals contains information which is useful in prediction of post-sample drawings. This information, which is often overlooked, is exploited in the best linear unbiased predictor derived here. The gain in efficiency associated with using this predictor instead of the usual expected value estimator may be substantial.
Interleukin‐18 plays a role in both the alum‐induced T helper 2 response and the T helper 1 response induced by alum‐adsorbed interleukin‐12 (2003)

Previous studies have shown that the antigen-specific T helper 2 (Th2) response induced by alum adjuvants is interleukin (IL)-4 independent. As a role for IL-18 in Th2 induction has recently been described, in addition to its role in enhancing Th1 responses, we have studied the Th2 response induced by ovalbumin (OVA) adsorbed to alum in wild-type and IL-18-deficient mice. Our results indicate that while endogenous IL-18 facilitates alum-induced IL-4 production, OVA-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgE production remain unaffected. Furthermore, antigen-specific Th1 responses induced with alum/IL-12-adsorbed OVA were demonstrated to be highly IL-18 dependent. Despite these observations, injection of BALB/c mice with exogenous IL-18 adsorbed to alum/OVA did not alter IL-4 or interferon-gamma production by T cells and had little effect on the relative production of IgG1/IgG2a antibody subclasses compared with alum/OVA inoculated mice. However, the previously described synergism between IL-12 and IL-18 in Th1 induction was evident as the Th1-promoting activity of alum/IL-12 against adsorbed OVA was greatly augmented by the coadministration of IL-18. These results indicate that while alum-induced IL-18 can facilitate Th2 induction, the addition of exogenous IL-18 cannot further enhance the alum-induced Th2 response.
Optimal dynamic management of groundwater pollutant sources (1982)

The linear programing‐superposition method is presented for managing multiple sources of groundwater pollution over time. The method uses any linear solute transport simulation model to generate a unit source‐concentration response matrix that is incorporated into a management model. This series of constraints indicates local solute concentration histories that will result from any series of waste injection schedules. The linear program operates on the matrix to arrive at optimal disposal schedules. An example demonstrates application of the method to maximizing groundwater waste disposal while maintaining water quality of local water supplies within desired limits. Flow field variations associated with waste injection are ignored as an approximation. Parametric programing is shown to be an important tool in evaluating waste disposal trade‐offs at various injection sites over time. Mixed‐integer programing permits restrictions to be placed upon the number of injection wells which may operate during given management periods.
Mean drop sizes from pressure-swirl nozzles (1987)

A study of the factors governing the atomization process in pressure-swirl nozzles is presented. Extensive measurements of mean drop size are conducted on six simplex nozzles of different sizes and spray-cone angles. The liquids employed are water, diesel oil, and several blends of diesel oil with polybutene. These liquids provide a range of viscosity from 3 to 18 X 10~6 m2/s (3-18 cs), and a range of surface tension from 0.027 to 0.0734 kg/s2 (27-73.4 dyne/cm). The results are used to substantiate an equation for mean drop size derived from basic considerations of the hydrodynamic and aerodynamic processes that govern the atomization processes in pressureswirl nozzles. A very satisfactory correlation is demonstrated between predictions based on this equation and the actual measured values of mean drop size. Nomenclature A,B = constants, Eq. (16) Aa = air core area, m2 A0 = discharge orifice area, m2 Ap = swirl chamber port area, m2 Ds = swirl chamber diameter, m d0 = liquid orifice diameter, m m =mass flow rate, kg/s P = pressure, Pa AP = pressure differential, Pa Re = Reynolds number SMD = Sauter mean diameter, m t - film thickness in final orifice, m ts = liquid sheet thickness after exit from nozzle, m U = velocity, m/s We = Weber number X =Aa/A0 6 = spray cone half-angle, deg fj. = dynamic viscosity, kg/ms v = kinematic viscosity, m2/s p = density, kg/m3 a - surface tension, kg/s2 Subscripts A =air F = fuel L = liquid R = air relative to liquid
Breeding for Modified Fatty Acid Composition in Soybean (2007)

ABSTRACT Genetic modification of the fatty acid composition of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil has been successful in better meeting the needs of end users than is possible with conventional oil. Three modified oils are or have been sold commercially. Oil in which the linolenic acid (18:3) content has been reduced from 8 to 1% makes it possible to reduce or eliminate the need for chemical hydrogenation to achieve the stability and shelf life necessary for some food applications. Elimination of chemical hydrogenation and the trans‐ fatty acids produced by the process is important for human health. Oil in which the oleic acid (18:1) has been increased from 25 to >80% also have increased its stability and shelf life. An oil with palmitic acid (16:0) reduced from 11 to <4% makes it possible to achieve a low content of saturated fatty acids, which is desirable for cardiovascular health. The genetic changes in soybean oil were achieved by conventional breeding and genetic engineering. Mutagenesis was the conventional breeding method used to develop the major genes for reduced palmitic and linolenic acids that are in the cultivars currently grown for commercial production. Genetic engineering was used to elevate oleic acid to >80%. The purpose of this paper is to review the methods that have been used to develop the fatty acid modifications, the inheritance of the modifications, the impact of the trait on agronomic and seed characteristics, the methods of phenotypic and genotypic selection, and the commercial status of the modified oils.
Fabrication and device design of bulk and thin film photostrictive materials (2002)

Bulk and thin films of lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) were fabricated using sol-gel technique. The samples have been evaluated for their electrical, photovoltaic and photostrictive properties to assess their utility in advanced microactuators and sensors. Device based on these materials was designed which will be useful for optical and solar tracking actuators.
Effect of Fluoride-substituted Apatite on <i>In Vivo</i> Bone Formation (2010)

Biological apatites are characterized by the presence of minor constituents such as magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), or fluoride (F) ions. These ions affect cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation during bone tissue formation. F-substituted apatites are being explored as potential bonegraft materials. The aim of the present study is to investigate the mechanism of bone formation induced by fluoride-substituted apatite (FAp) by analyzing the effect of FAp on the process of in vivo bone formation. FAps containing different F concentrations (l-FAp: 0.48 wt%, m-FAp: 0.91 wt%, h-FAp: 2.23 wt%) and calcium-deficient apatite (CDA), as positive control, were implanted in rat tibia and bone formation was evaluated by histological examination, immuhistochemistry, in situ hybridization and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase examinations. The results showed that l-FAp, m-FAp, h-FAp, and CDA biomaterials allowed migration of macrophages, attachment, proliferation, and phenotypic expression of bone cells leading to new bone formation in direct apposition to the particles. However, the l-FAp preparation allowed faster bone conduction compared to the other experimental materials. These results suggest that FAp with low F concentration may be an efficient bonegraft material for dental and medical application.
Anti-α4β7 therapy targets lymphoid aggregates in the gastrointestinal tract of HIV-1–infected individuals (2018)

Gut homing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells expressing the integrin α4β7 are early viral targets and contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis, likely by seeding the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with HIV. Although simianized anti-α4β7 monoclonal antibodies have shown promise in preventing or attenuating the disease course of simian immunodeficiency virus in nonhuman primate studies, the mechanisms of drug action remain elusive. We present a cohort of individuals with mild inflammatory bowel disease and concomitant HIV-1 infection receiving anti-α4β7 treatment. By sampling the immune inductive and effector sites of the GI tract, we have discovered that anti-α4β7 therapy led to a significant and unexpected attenuation of lymphoid aggregates, most notably in the terminal ileum. Given that lymphoid aggregates serve as important sanctuary sites for maintaining viral reservoirs, their attrition by anti-α4β7 therapy has important implications for HIV-1 therapeutics and eradication efforts and defines a rational basis for the use of anti-α4β7 therapy in HIV-1 infection.
Clinical Evaluation of a Pacemaker Algorithm That Adjusts the Pacing Rate During Sleep Using Activity Variance (2000)

Even though rate responsive pacemakers are able to regulate pacing rates based on sensor activity, they are set with a minimum rate that is not adjusted to provide rate decreases during sleep. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the "Sleep Rate" feature, as compared to patient diaries and a validated method that identifies sleep from wrist actigraphy. In 19 patients (15 men; age 69 +/- 8 years) with Pacesetter Trilogy DR+ pacemakers, the base rate and the sleep rate were set to 80 and 50 ppm, respectively. When the patients returned 2 days later, data recorded by the pacemaker and wrist actigraph were analyzed to find the agreement in corresponding sleep/wake periods. In 17 (89%) patients, the pacemaker went into the sleep mode. The total sleep time derived from actigraphy significantly exceeded the time during which the pacemaker was in sleep mode (1156.8 +/- 83.4 vs 307.3 +/- 77.2 minutes). Frequent reversions out of the sleep mode limited the total sleep time derived from the pacemaker. Cumulative analysis of the pacemaker data showed that the maximum time in the sleep mode was 78 minutes, and exceeded 1 hour in six instances, 30 minutes in 32 instances, and 15 minutes in 83 instances. Epoch by epoch comparisons revealed a good agreement (93.6 +/- 1.8%) during wakefulness between the corresponding actigraph and pacemaker epochs. However, only 24.6 +/- 3.7% of the corresponding epochs during sleep were identical, and the overall agreement was 54.4 +/- 3.7%. Except for one patient who reported palpitations, patients did not suffer from a pacemaker rate change. The Sleep Rate feature provides rate reduction during sleep, while assuring rapid frequency response during physical activity. However, the current algorithm does not allow long periods of slow pacing rate during continuous sleep, possibly due to its conservative design and the presence of movement arousals, which has to be improved in future generation algorithms.
Modélisation d'objets naturels par formulation implicite (2003)

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Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Schiff Base Prepared from α-Keto Ester with Aliphatic Amino Acid Ester (1984)

Abstract Catalytic hydrogenation of Schiff bases prepared from α-keto esters with amino acid esters was carried out under various conditions. A significant substituent effect of the alkyl group of the ester moiety of amino acid on the stereoselectivity was observed in the hydrogenation of the Schiff bases prepared from methyl pyruvate with (S)-alanine ester. Higher asymmetric yields were obtained as the ester residue of amino acid ester became bulkier. A clear temperature effect on the asymmetric hydrogenation was also observed. These results could be explained by the chelation mechanism.