gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Control System for Low-Concentration Inorganic Gases from a Process Vent Stream:  Application of Surfactants in Spray and Packed Columns (2004)

Control of low-concentration pollutants from a semiconductor process vent stream using a wet-scrubbing technique is a challenging task to meet Taiwan environmental emission standards. An efficient wet-scrubber is designed on a pilot scale and tested to control low concentration acid and base waste-gas emission. The scrubber system consisted of two columns, i.e., a fine spray column [cutoff diameter (based on volume), Dv(50) = 15.63 microm; Sauter mean diameter (SMD) = 7.62 microm], which is especially efficient for NH3 removal as the pH of the spraying liquid is approximately 7 followed by a packed column with a scrubbing liquid pH approximately 9.0 mainly for acids removal. It is observed that use of the surfactants in low concentration about 10(-4) M and 10(-7) M in the spray liquid and in the scrubbing liquid, respectively, remarkably enhances the removal efficiency of the system. A traditional packed column (without the spray column and the surfactant) showed that the removal efficiencies of NH3, HF, and HCl for the inlet concentration range 0.2 to 3 ppm were (n = 5) 22.6+/-3.4%, 43.4+/-5.5%, and 40.4+/-7.4%, respectively. The overall efficiencies of the proposed system (the spray column and the packed column) in the presence of the surfactant in the spray liquid and in the scrubbing liquid forthese three species were found to increase significantly (n = 5) from 60.3+/-3.6 to 82.8+/-6.8%, 59.1+/-2.7 to 83.4+/-4.2%, and 56.2+/-7.3 to 81.0+/-6.7%, respectively. In this work, development of charge on the gas-liquid interface due to the surfactants has been measured and discussed. It is concluded that the presence of charge on the gas-liquid interface is the responsible factor for enhancement of the removal efficiency (mass-transfer in liquid phase). The effects of the type of surfactants, their chain length, concentration in liquid, etc. on the removal efficiency are discussed. Since the pilot tests were performed under the operating conditions similar to most of the wet-scrubbers operated in semiconductors manufacturing facilities for inorganic pollutants, this study can be applied to modify the existing wet-scrubbers to enhance the removal efficiencies, especially for low-concentration pollutants.
Cirrus Cloud Microphysical Property Retrieval Using Lidar and Radar Measurements. Part II: Midlatitude Cirrus Microphysical and Radiative Properties (2002)

The lidar–radar algorithm described in Part I of this set of papers is applied to ∼1000 h of Raman lidar and millimeter wave cloud radar (MMCR) data collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program Southern Great Plains Clouds and Radiation Testbed site in Oklahoma during the period from November 1996 to November 2000. The resulting statistics of cirrus microphysical and radiative properties show that most cirrus clouds are optically thin (mean optical depth of 0.58 with a standard deviation of 0.67) with low ice water path (mean 12.19 g m−2 with a standard deviation of 19.0). The seasonal changes of cirrus properties are relatively small except for the general effective radius (Dge). Strong temperature dependencies of ice water content, Dge, and extinction coefficients are found in the dataset, which are well described by second-order polynomial functions. The temperature and thickness dependencies of the cirrus properties are studied in detail, providing information useful in the validation and improvement of cirrus parameterizations in general circulation models. The limitations of the MMCR for cirrus detection are also considered through comparisons with results from the Raman lidar, which show that the MMCR fails to detect most thin cirrus with τ ≤ 0.1 and consistently underestimates physical cloud thickness. Comparisons with available data describing cirrus microphysical and radiative properties are made, and an improved cirrus particle extinction coefficient parameterization based on the combined lidar–radar approach is offered.
Reliable starting method for sensorless brushless dc motor drive (2012)

With features such as high power density, high efficiency and reliability, speed controllability over a wide range, maintenance-free, etc., brushless dc motors driven by sensorless drive are extensively used in industrial equipments, automotive parts, and domestic appliances. The techniques of open-loop starting and the transfer from open-loop to closed-loop commutation are key issues for the design of highly reliable sensorless drives. This paper presents two cost effective and highly reliable methods which can successfully transfer from open-loop starting to closed-loop commutation. Theoretical analyses and various experiments reveal that the proposed methods can effectively solve problems such as time-consuming trial and error tuning during open-loop starting interval, common-mode noise of neutral point, complex phase shift computation, and influence by external load, which often happen in sensorless drives of brushless dc motors.
Measurements of total hemispherical emittance for chromel and for alumel wires (1971)

Measurement of total hemispherical emittance for chromel and alumel thermocouple wires in inert atmosphere at high temperatures
STUDIES IN THE WAGNER-MEERWEIN REARRANGEMENT. PART I (1956)

The preparation by a convenient route of 9-methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, l-butyl, and benzyl phenanthrenes is described. This consists of the alkylation of methyl fluorene-9-carboxylate under mild conditions, reduction of the ester group with lithium aluminum hydride, and then tosylation of the carbinol. The tosyl esters so prepared rearrange to alkylphenanthrenes with simultaneous loss of the elements of toluenesulphonic acid, when heated alone or in formic acid. Dehydration of the carbinols at 160 ° with polyphosphoric acid also promotes rearrangement.
The Plantaris Tendon as a Tendo-Osseous Graft (1992)

To minimize adhesions following tendon repair, early post-operative movement is recommended. This has proved difficult with tendon grafting because of weakness of the repair sites, particularly distally, and because of slow revascularization. A potential solution is the use of a composite tendon-bone graft in which a bone block is attached to the end of the tendon. The tendon is threaded through a hole in the distal phalanx from the dorsal to the palmar side and impacted like a cork to create an immediate strong fixation. The tendon itself is then tunnelled through the pulley system and the proximal repair is carried out with a multiple weave technique which can withstand immediate active movement. The ideal tendon-bone complex is the plantaris attached to a segment of calcaneus. A preliminary report with two case studies is presented.
Effects of yiqihuoxue granula on the concentration of aldosterone and angiotensin II of plasma in essential hyper-tension patients (2009)

Objective To investigate the effects of yiqihuoxue granula on the concentration of aldosterone(ALD) and angiotensin (Ang Ⅱ) of plasma in essential hypertension patients,and further study the mechanism of yiqihuoxue granula on de-creasing blood pressure in essential hypertension patients. Methods Two hundred patients with essential hypertension were ran-domly divided into two groups:100 patients in group A were given routine therapy;other 100 patients in group B were given rou-tine therapy and yiqihuoxue granula. The concentration of aldosterone(ALD) and angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) of plasma and myocardi-urn by radioimmunoassay. Results Yiqihuoxue granula could decrease blood pressure and concentration of aldosterone(ALD) and angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) of plasma in essential hypertension patients after 4 months treatment(P<0.05). Conclusions Yiqi-huoxue granula could restrain RAAS activity,which could be the mechanism of yiqihuoxue granula decrease blood pressure.

Key words: 
Yiqihuoxue granula;  Essential hypertension;  Aldosterone;  Angiotensin Ⅱ
HIV-1 natural viral suppressors: control of viral replication in the absence of therapy (2007)

Despite some limitations, an 8-week off and on intermittent treatment regimen appeared clinically safe over 96 weeks while sparing half of the drug exposure.
Dual-Polarized Quasi Yagi–Uda Antennas With Endfire Radiation for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Terminals (2017)

This paper presents a novel design of compact dualpolarized multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) antennas with endfire radiation for millimeter-wave wireless applications. The low-cost printed circuit board process serves as the basis for the design, fabrication, and measurement of the proposed dualpolarized quasi Yagi-Uda antennas. Addressing the potential antenna locations in a mobile terminal, this paper investigates both the corner and the lateral design of antenna modules. Each design incorporates dual-port dual-polarized antennas co-located in a compact area. The lateral design is further extended to a linear 1×4 array for high-gain and phased-scanning operation. Experimental results show that the proposed compact dual-polarized quasi Yagi-Uda antennas are very suitable for MIM terminals of next-generation (5G) mobile communications.
Desalination and Reuse of High-Salinity Shale Gas Produced Water: Drivers, Technologies, and Future Directions (2013)

In the rapidly developing shale gas industry, managing produced water is a major challenge for maintaining the profitability of shale gas extraction while protecting public health and the environment. We review the current state of practice for produced water management across the United States and discuss the interrelated regulatory, infrastructure, and economic drivers for produced water reuse. Within this framework, we examine the Marcellus shale play, a region in the eastern United States where produced water is currently reused without desalination. In the Marcellus region, and in other shale plays worldwide with similar constraints, contraction of current reuse opportunities within the shale gas industry and growing restrictions on produced water disposal will provide strong incentives for produced water desalination for reuse outside the industry. The most challenging scenarios for the selection of desalination for reuse over other management strategies will be those involving high-salinity produced water, which must be desalinated with thermal separation processes. We explore desalination technologies for treatment of high-salinity shale gas produced water, and we critically review mechanical vapor compression (MVC), membrane distillation (MD), and forward osmosis (FO) as the technologies best suited for desalination of high-salinity produced water for reuse outside the shale gas industry. The advantages and challenges of applying MVC, MD, and FO technologies to produced water desalination are discussed, and directions for future research and development are identified. We find that desalination for reuse of produced water is technically feasible and can be economically relevant. However, because produced water management is primarily an economic decision, expanding desalination for reuse is dependent on process and material improvements to reduce capital and operating costs.
Conditional Mineralocorticoid Receptor Expression in the Heart Leads to Life-Threatening Arrhythmias (2005)

Our results indicate that cardiac MR triggers cardiac arrhythmias, suggesting novel opportunities for prevention of arrhythmia-related sudden death.
Platelets and heart failure (2006)

Heart failure is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism, stroke, and sudden death. Platelet abnormalities have been well described in heart failure but the significance of platelets in contributing to the thromboembolic complications of heart failure remains uncertain. Furthermore, the role of antiplatelet agents in heart failure remains unclear. This review will focus on platelet activation and the role of platelet dysfunction in heart failure, with particular regard to pathophysiology and outcome. The effects of heart failure therapeutics on platelet function and antiplatelet therapy in heart failure will also be discussed.
Gene Transfer into the Carotid Artery Using an Adventitial Collar: Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Plasmid–Liposome Complexes, Retroviruses, Pseudotyped Retroviruses, and Adenoviruses (1997)

We studied the efficiency of plasmid/liposome complexes, Moloney murine leukemia virus-derived (MMLV) retroviruses, pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus protein-G (VSV-G)-containing retroviruses, and adenoviruses in delivering genes into the rabbit carotid artery using a silastic collar applied to the adventitia. This method was used for gene transfer because (a) it provides a gene delivery reservoir; (b) no intraluminal manipulations are performed; (c) installation of the collar induces arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and enhances retroviral gene transfer efficiency where target cell proliferation is required. The transfer of the beta-galactosidase (lacZ) marker gene to the adventitia and media occurred with all gene transfer systems. Adenoviruses also transferred the beta-galactosidase gene to some endothelial cells. After 5 days, adenoviral vectors produced the highest gene transfer efficiency with up to 10%+/-6% of cells showing beta-galactosidase activity. Pseudotyped VSV-G retroviruses were also effective in achieving gene transfer in 0.05%+/-0.03% of cells in the adventitia and media. Plasmid/liposome complexes and MMLV retroviruses infected 0.05%+/-0.03% and <0.01%+/-0.01% of cells, respectively. It is concluded that replication-deficient adenoviruses, VSV-G pseudotyped retroviruses, and plasmid/liposome complexes can be used for gene transfer to the arterial wall using the collar method. Because the endothelium remains anatomically present throughout the experiments, the model may be useful for the gene transfer studies involving diffusible or secreted gene products that primarily act on the endothelium. Effects on medial SMC and even endothelium can be achieved from the adventitial side, suggesting an alternative route for the delivery of therapeutically useful genes into the arterial wall.
Hydroxylation. Part IV. Oxidation of some benzenoid compounds by Fenton's reagent and the ultraviolet irradiation of hydrogen peroxide (1969)

The pH of the solution has a marked effect on the relative amounts of the various products formed by the oxidation of benzene, toluene, or anisole by Fenton's reagent; for example, as the pH is lowered, toluene gives an increased proportion of bibenzyl compared with the cresols, while benzene gives an increased proportion of phenol compared with biphenyl. At pH 2·5, both the yields and the distribution of the methoxyphenols from the oxidation of anisole are strongly dependent on the presence of oxidants other than the hydroxyl radical. The bases of these effects are discussed in the light of these and other observations, and particular attention is drawn to the importance of the one-electron oxidation of (substituted) hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals, as compared with alternative reaction paths for these species, in determining the yield of each phenol.
Phosphoramidites: Privileged Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis (2010)

Asymmetric catalysis with transition-metal complexes is the basis for a vast array of stereoselective transformations and has changed the face of modern synthetic chemistry. Key to this success has been the design of chiral ligands to control the regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. Phosphoramidites have emerged as a highly versatile and readily accessible class of chiral ligands. Their modular structure enables the formation of ligand libraries and easy fine-tuning for a specific catalytic reaction. Phosphoramidites frequently show exceptional levels of stereocontrol, and their monodentate nature is essential in combinatorial catalysis, where a ligand-mixture approach is used. In this Review, recent developments in asymmetric catalysis with phosphoramidites used as ligands are discussed, with a focus on the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds.
Learning spectral-temporal dependencies using connectionist networks (2003)

Describes the application of a layered connectionist network for continuous digit recognition using syllable based segmentation. Knowledge is distributed over many processing units. The behavior of the network in response to a particular input pattern is a collective decision based on the exchange of information among the processing units. A supervised back-propagation learning algorithm is used to repeatedly adjust the weights in the network, to minimize the difference between the actual output vector and the desired output vector. The performance of the network is compared to that of a nearest neighbor classifier trained and tested on the same database. Speaker-dependent continuous digit recognition experiments were performed using a total of 540 digit strings with an average length of 4 digits, collected from six speakers (4 male and 2 female).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expression of the prostate-specific antigen gene by a primary ovarian carcinoma. (1995)

We describe a patient with primary ovarian carcinoma that developed after liver transplantation whose tumor was highly positive for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PSA in tumor tissue was characterized by two immunoassays, HPLC, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-PCR, Southern blotting, and DNA sequencing. PSA in the ovarian tumor was present as free, M(r) 33,000 protein (> 90%) and as PSA bound to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (M(r) 100,000; < 10%). Immunohistochemistry localized PSA in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the tumor. Two separate reverse transcription-PCRs for PSA amplified the expected products which hybridized specifically to a PSA cDNA probe on Southern blots. Sequencing of the PCR products, representing the whole coding sequence of the PSA gene, revealed identity with the sequence of PSA cDNA from prostate tissue. These data suggest that the PSA produced by the ovarian tumor was identical in molecular weight and sequence to prostatic PSA. Based on data of tissue culture experiments with breast carcinoma cell lines, we speculate that the PSA gene in the tumor of this patient was up-regulated by the therapeutically administered glucocorticoids after liver transplantation.
Dielectric breakdown mechanism of thin-SiO/sub 2/ studied by the post-breakdown resistance statistics (2000)

The dielectric breakdown mechanism of SiO/sub 2/ has been discussed on the basis of the experimental results of the post-breakdown resistance (R/sub bd/) distribution. We have noticed for the first time that R/sub bd/ of SiO/sub 2/ in MOS devices is strongly related to the SiO/sub 2/ breakdown characteristics such as the polarity dependence or the oxide field dependence of Q/sub bd/. In this paper, we discuss the dielectric breakdown mechanism of SiO/sub 2/ from the viewpoint of the statistical correlation between the R/sub bd/ distribution, the Q/sub bd/. distribution, and the emission energy just at the SiO/sub 2/ breakdown, by changing the stress polarity, stress field, and the oxide thickness. For complete dielectric breakdown, it has been clarified that the R/sub bd/ distribution under the substrate electron injection is clearly different from that under the gate electron injection. We have also found that, irrespective of the stress current density, the gate oxide thickness and the stressing polarity, R/sub bd/ can be uniquely expressed by the energy dissipation at the occurrence of dielectric breakdown of SiO/sub 2/ for the complete breakdown. Furthermore, it has been clarified that R/sub bd/ does not depend on the energy dissipation at the occurrence of quasidielectric breakdown.
The application of laser process technology to thin film packaging (1993)

Laser process technologies have been developed which are well suited to the manufacture of thin-film electronic packages. The authors discuss three technologies-laser ablation, laser-assisted metal etching, and laser chemical vapor deposition-and how they may be used in polymer and metal patterning. The history of the technologies, process and tooling considerations, and specific applications are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A design handbook for phase change thermal control and energy storage devices (1977)

Comprehensive survey is given of the thermal aspects of phase change material devices. Fundamental mechanisms of heat transfer within the phase change device are discussed. Performance in zero-g and one-g fields are examined as it relates to such a device. Computer models for phase change materials, with metal fillers, undergoing conductive and convective processes are detailed. Using these models, extensive parametric data are presented for a hypothetical configuration with a rectangular phase change housing, using straight fins as the filler, and paraffin as the phase change material. These data are generated over a range of realistic sizes, material properties, and thermal boundary conditions. A number of illustrative examples are given to demonstrate use of the parametric data. Also, a complete listing of phase change material property data are reproduced herein as an aid to the reader.
Plug-and-play digital controllers for scalable low-power SMPS (2008)

This paper describes a self-configured digital controller suitable for use in both single phase and multiphase converter topologies. In multiphase mode, the system operates in a decentralized fashion, where each phase has its own controller. To synchronize phases and minimize inductor current ripple, the controllers configure themselves during a two-step initialization procedure. First, the number of phases is detected via a simple communication protocol. Then, using a charge-based identification process, the LC products among phases are estimated in order to set the phase switching sequence, such that the current ripple is minimized. The operation of the system is demonstrated with a 5 V/1.5 V, 30 W, 4-phase buck experimental prototype operating at a switching frequency of 800 kHz.
Management of Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (2006)

In patients with APS, moderate-intensity warfarin is effective for preventing recurrent venous thrombosis and perhaps also arterial thrombosis. Aspirin appears to be as effective as moderate-intensity warfarin for preventing recurrent stroke in patients with prior stroke and a single positive test result for antiphospholipid antibody. The optimal treatment of other thrombotic aspects of APS needs to be addressed in well-designed prospective studies.
Accidents to Bats (1933)

Accidents to Bats Paul B. Johnson Paul B. Johnson Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 14, Issue 2, 15 May 1933, Pages 156–157, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/14.2.156 Published: 15 May 1933
Characterization of a class of cationic proteins that specifically interact with intermediate filaments. (1981)

We describe a class of cationic structural proteins that associate specifically with intermediate filaments (IF) but not with other types of cytoskeletal proteins. These proteins, for which the term filaggrin is introduced, are isolated from the stratum corneum of mammalian epidermis. They are species-distinct proteins; for example, rat and mouse filaggrin have different molecular weights and amino acid compositions, but are nevertheless chemically and functionally ver similar. They interact in vitro with the IF several different types of cells to form large fibers or macrofibrils in which many IF are highly aligned in parallel arrays. Stoichiometric analyses suggest that two molecules of filaggrin bind to each three-chain building block of the IF, possibly by ionic interactions with the coiled-coil alpha-helical regions of the IF.