gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Economic motivation versus city lights : testing hypotheses about inter-Changwat migration in Thailand (1980)

The models tested here are of the gravity flow variety. They are tested in two basic forms, one constrained and one unconstrained. It is very clear from this analysis that: (1) economic factors predominate over the non-economic attraction of urban areas; (2) the economic conditions in destinations relative to origins have significant relationships in the hypothesized direction; (3) male and female migration streams respond to per capita income and unemployment in the same way but males are more responsive to the scarcity or availability of farmland; (4) migration to and from Bangkok tends to respond in a very similar manner to relative income and the availability of farmland as migration to and from other areas; (5) in the unconstrained model, conditions in the area of destination all have significant relationships of the hypothesized signs; (6) conditions in the areas of origin play a far more complex role, since conditions at the area of origin determine not only the push to migrate, but also the ability to afford to migrate; (7) the sign and significance of other economic variables in the origin vary depending on the specifications.
From surface to intracellular non-invasive nanoscale study of living cells impairments (2014)

Among the enduring challenges in nanoscience, subsurface characterization of living cells holds major stakes. Developments in nanometrology for soft matter thriving on the sensitivity and high resolution benefits of atomic force microscopy have enabled detection of subsurface structures at the nanoscale. However, measurements in liquid environments remain complex, in particular in the subsurface domain. Here we introduce liquid-mode synthesizing atomic force microscopy (l-MSAFM) to study both the inner structures and the chemically induced intracellular impairments of living cells. Specifically, we visualize the intracellular stress effects of glyphosate on living keratinocytes skin cells. This new approach, l-MSAFM, for nanoscale imaging of living cell in their physiological environment or in presence of a chemical stress agent could resolve the loss of inner structures induced by glyphosate, the main component of a well-known pesticide (RoundUp™). This firsthand ability to monitor the cell's inner response to external stimuli non-destructively and in liquid, has the potential to unveil critical nanoscale mechanisms of life science.
Immunopathogenetic and therapeutic aspects of autoimmune hepatitis (2002)

Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic, progressive liver disease that responds well to immunosuppressive therapy, but has a poor prognosis if untreated. Possible triggering factors include viruses, other autoimmune disorders and drugs. The molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis include: reactions of autoantibodies against their corresponding autoantigens; aberrant expression of histocompatibility antigen class I and II molecules, cell adhesion molecules and cytokines; increased oxidative stress; and the occurrence of angiogenesis. The prevalence of the disease is highest in Caucasians, Europeans and women. The natural history of autoimmune hepatitis shows a poor prognosis, with frequent progression to cirrhosis and hepatic insufficiency in untreated patients. The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma is rare and is found only in long-standing cirrhosis. Corticosteroids as monotherapy or in combination with azathioprine are the treatments of choice; different therapeutic schedules and particularities of treatment for pregnant women and children have been established. To avoid treatment-associated adverse effects, alternative therapies have been proposed, including ciclosporin, budesonide, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, ursodeoxycholic acid, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, mercaptopurine and free radical scavengers. Liver transplantation is indicated for patients refractory to or intolerant of immunosuppressive therapy.
Fabrication of wedge-shaped silicon field emitters with nm-scale radii (1991)

Wedge-shaped field emitters may have some advantages over conical tip emitters as electron sources in vacuum microelectronic devices. A method has been developed to make atomically sharp wedge-shaped silicon through use of dry etching and dry oxidation. Transmission electron microscopy studies show that silicon wedge emitters can be made with wedge radius and angle at 1 nm and 60°, respectively, by repeated oxidation in oxygen at 950 °C.&lt;lz&gt; &lt;lz&gt; &lt;lz&gt;
Extramedullary disease in patients with acute myeloid leukemia assessed by (18)F‐<scp>FDG PET</scp> (2013)

18-F-FDG PET is a useful tool for diagnosing EMD in AML and for assessing treatment responses of EMD in AML.
Supercritical Brayton Cycle Nuclear Power System Concepts (2007)

Both the NASA and DOE have programs that are investigating advanced power conversion cycles for planetary surface power on the moon or Mars, and for next generation nuclear power plants on earth. The gas Brayton cycle offers many practical solutions for space nuclear power systems and was selected as the nuclear power system of choice for the NASA Prometheus project. An alternative Brayton cycle that offers high efficiency at a lower reactor coolant outlet temperature is the supercritical Brayton cycle (SCBC). The supercritical cycle is a true Brayton cycle because it uses a single phase fluid with a compressor inlet temperature that is just above the critical point of the fluid. This paper describes the use of a supercritical Brayton cycle that achieves a cycle efficiency of 26.6% with a peak coolant temperature of 750 K and for a compressor inlet temperature of 390 K. The working fluid uses a clear odorless, nontoxic refrigerant C318 perflurocarbon (C4F8) that always operates in the gas phase. This coolant was selected because it has a critical temperature and pressure of 388.38 K and 2.777 MPa. The relatively high critical temperature allows for efficient thermal radiation that keeps the radiator mass small. The SCBC achieves high efficiency because the loop design takes advantage of the non‐ideal nature of the coolant equation of state just above the critical point. The lower coolant temperature means that metal fuels, uranium oxide fuels, and uranium zirconium hydride fuels with stainless steel, ferretic steel, or superalloy cladding can be used with little mass penalty or reduction in cycle efficiency. The reactor can use liquid‐metal coolants and no high temperature heat exchangers need to be developed. Indirect gas cooling or perhaps even direct gas cooling can be used if the C4F8 coolant is found to be sufficiently radiation tolerant. Other fluids can also be used in the supercritical Brayton cycle including Propane (C3H8, Tcritical = 369 K) and Hexane (C6H14, Tcritical = 506.1 K) provided they have adequate chemical compatibility and stability. Overall the use of supercritical Brayton cycles may offer “break through” operating capabilities for space nuclear power plants because high efficiencies can be achieved a very low reactor operating temperatures which in turn allows for the use of available fuels, cladding, and structural materials.
Structural composite cores for overhead power transmission conductors: Final report (1987)

This investigation was conducted as a feasibility study to identify potential composite systems capable of replacing the structural steel cable in power transmission conductors. The investigation was confined to a literature review of available published properties of composite materials. As a first step, the requirements for structural reinforcement in conductors were defined using the performance of ACSR conductors as a basis of reference. The mechanical properties of a number of unidirectionally oriented fibers were combined in this study. The unidirectionally oriented fibers appear to be the most feasible fiber orientation for a substitute structural core in the power transmission line. Four potential candidate composite materials were identified in the program. Several areas of future investigation are suggested to further evaluate the feasibility of using composite materials as the structural member in power transmission conductors.
An Efficient Formulation for Simultaneous Solution of the Surface Network Equations (2005)

Abstract We present a novel formulation for simultaneous solution of the surface network equations, which are cast into a form similar to the reservoir flow equations. This form is more palatable to the efficient solvers already developed for reservoir simulators.
Accumulated body ultranarrow channel silicon transistor with extreme threshold voltage tunability (2007)

A side-gated ultranarrow channel (width &lt;10nm) silicon field effect transistor (FET) with extreme threshold voltage (Vt) tunability is described. A narrow inversion layer is formed on the top interface controlled by the top gate. The device body and side interfaces are accumulated by up to 1019cm−3 holes, drawn from the substrate by negatively biased side gates (Vside), increasing Vt by 3V, suppressing peripheral leakage currents and short channel effects. Vt response to Vside follows a square root behavior, dVt∕d−Vside=3.73V∕V, similar to that of body doping. Maximum linear tunability (dVt∕dVside) exceeds −2V∕V, average dVt∕dVside is −1.67V∕V.
Direct Determination of Fluoride in Phosphate Rock Samples Using Specific Ion Electrode. (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Determination of Fluoride in Phosphate Rock Samples Using Specific Ion Electrode.C. R. EdmondCite this: Anal. Chem. 1969, 41, 10, 1327–1328Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60279a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60279a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Software-based adjusting P-I gain controller for speed-tracking servo system using traveling-wave type ultrasonic motor (2002)

This paper describes the review of traveling-wave type ultrasonic motor (T-USM) and a newly-proposed optimum speed tracking controller of T-USM which is produced on the basis of computer software-based variable-gain adjustment strategy. Its improved speed characteristics are concerned with speed ripple factor, speed regulation and speed tracking properties are feasibly demonstrated in experiment as compared with a previously-developed speed controller of the T-USM actuated servo system. It is proved that the T-USM speed control scheme developed herein is practically acceptable for speed servo direct drive system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
NAC-Capped Quantum Dot as Nuclear Staining Agent for Living Cells via an <i>In Vivo</i> Steering Strategy (2010)

We describe a new nuclear staining strategy by in vivo anchoring Hoechst 33342, a commonly used nuclear staining organic dye, onto water-soluble N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs). The strong H-bonding and electrostatic interaction between the organic dye and the QDs entice the positively charged nuclear staining agent in carrying effectively the bright QDs into the nucleus of living cells. Dynamic confocal imaging studies indicated that all visible light emitting NAC-capped QDs with emitting wavelength ranging from 530 to 602 nm can be successfully targeted to the nucleus of the living cells within 30 min. The minimum quantity of Hoechst 33342 as the anchoring agent required in carrying QDs to the nucleus is found to be 5 μg/mL. In essence, a simple, fast, and specific bioimaging of the nucleus in living cells by QDs is accomplished.
Novel mixed alkylamido-cyclopentadienyl precursors for ALD of ZrO2 thin films (2008)

Mixed alkylamido-cyclopentadienyl compounds of zirconium, (RCp)Zr(NMe2)3 (R = H, Me or Et) are introduced as precursors for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of high permittivity zirconium oxide thin films. Ozone was used as the oxygen source. Only slight differences were observed in the ALD growth characteristics between the three liquid precursors. The ALD-type growth mode was verified at 300 °C with a growth rate of about 0.9 Å cycle−1. Good film conformality was observed, as step coverages of 80–90% were measured for films deposited onto high aspect ratio (60 : 1) trenches. As compared to the commonly used Zr(NEtMe)4 precursor, these novel precursors showed comparative volatility and growth rate but higher thermal stability, as well as lower impurity content in the deposited stoichiometric ZrO2 films. The films deposited by the (RCp)Zr(NMe2)3/O3 processes tended to crystallize in the high temperature cubic form even when the film thickness exceeded 50 nm, while the Zr(NEtMe)4/O3 process resulted in films with mixed phases. The cubic phase ensures high permittivity and thus the capacitance equivalent thickness remained extremely low, even below 0.8 nm, with low leakage current density of 10−7 A cm−2 at 1 V when a 6.4 nm ZrO2 film was deposited on TiN.
Quantification of Sinusoidal Cell Function in Vivo (1993)

Although the clearance and distribution of ligand molecules in circulation represent the function of hepatic sinusoidal cells, these mechanisms revealed a network that is more intricate than would at first seem, since several receptors are common to not only one type of cell, but also to two or three types of cells in the liver. In the case of latex particles in which their uptake by a particular cell type seems to be determined by their size, sinusoidal endothelial cells are able to internalize particles up to 0.23 microns under physiologic conditions, in vivo, and larger particles are taken up by Kupffer cells. However, when the phagocytic function of Kupffer cells is impaired by frog virus 3 or alcohol, endothelial cells have been found to take up particles larger than 1 micron in diameter after the injection of an excess amount of latex particles. Endothelial cells would thus constitute a second line of defense in the liver in that they remove foreign materials from the blood when Kupffer cell phagocytic function is totally disturbed. This potential role may not, however, be fully expressed under physiologic conditions when Kupffer cells are active in clearing foreign substance from the circulation. The functions of liver sinusoidal cells are varied and complex and these cells can be regarded as "a sinusoidal cell unit." This cellular interaction must be taken into account for any quantitative analysis.
Stability issues in recovering illumination distribution from brightness in shadows (2005)

The paper describes a robust method for estimating, in a reliable manner, the illumination distribution of a real scene from shadows in a given image. In general, shadows in a scene are caused by the occlusion of incoming light; image brightness inside shadows have great potential for providing distinct clues to the illumination distribution of the scene. Taking advantage of this fact, we recently proposed to estimate the illumination distribution of a real scene from a single image of the scene. The proposed method has been applied successfully to real images with complex illumination distributions. Nevertheless, it was found that sometimes the method failed to provide a correct estimate of illumination distribution. Those failures stem from the fact that the method does not take into account several factors regarding the stability of illumination estimation. The study analyzes how much information is obtainable from a given image about the illumination distribution of the scene. In particular, we carefully examine the source of instability of using shadows obtained from a single image for the estimation in several aspects: blocked view of shadows by the object; limited sampling resolution for image brightness inside shadows; and the appropriate light model to approximate the illumination distribution of the scene. Based on this analysis, we propose a method that guarantees to reliably estimate the illumination distribution of a scene, regardless of the type of input image.
Functional role of acetylcholine and the expression of cholinergic receptors and components in osteoblasts (2010)

Recent studies have indicated that acetylcholine (ACh) plays a vital role in various tissues, while the role of ACh in bone metabolism remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that ACh induced cell proliferation and reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity via nicotinic (nAChRs) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in osteoblasts. We detected mRNA expression of several nAChRs and mAChRs. Furthermore, we showed that cholinergic components were up-regulated and subunits/subtypes of acetylcholine receptors altered during osteoblast differentiation. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that osteoblasts express specific acetylcholine receptors and cholinergic components and that ACh plays a possible role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.
Solar photovoltaic power: a US electric utility R & D perspective (2002)

The overall status of photovoltaic (PV) power is examined, and conclusions are drawn regarding key challenges and future needs for its commercial success in the utility bulk power arena. The basis for believing that PV's key challenge is to continue serving ever-expanding niche markets driven by continuing system cost reductions, while sustaining focused R&D to achieve the cost/performance needed to break into worldwide energy-significant power markets is discussed. The authors believe this will occur most readily through cooperative alliances of suppliers, users, researchers, and through national programs whose common goal is to thrust PV technology into the bulk power mix.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast Amplitude-Only Measurement Method for Phased Array Calibration (2016)

A novel amplitude-only measurement method is proposed to measure the signals (complex fields) of individual antenna elements for phased array calibration. The proposed method has minimum measuring time among the known amplitude-only measurement methods. The total number of power measurements with this method is about twice the number of antenna elements of phased array. Phase shifters are required to implement only three phase shifts (0°, 90°, and 180°). Array signal power is measured when the phase setting of an antenna element is one of the three phase shifts. According to the superposition principle of electromagnetic field, array signal is a linear combination of antenna element signals. As signal power is the inner product of a complex signal and itself, a set of linear equations concerning the inner products of the antenna element signals are established and solved with the measured data. The element signals are obtained with the inner products analyzed with a set of nonlinear equations. Numerical simulations and experimental results validated the effectiveness of the proposed method in calibrating phased arrays.
Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Aging on Cognition: Evidence for Executive Dysfunction (2006)

The present study was designed to explore whether the frontal lobe hypothesis of cognitive aging may be extended to describe the cognitive effects associated with estrogen use in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal estrogen-only users, estrogen + progesterone users, and non-users (60-80 years old), as well as young, regularly cycling women (18-30 years old) completed an item and source memory task. Since source memory is thought to rely more on executive processes than item memory, we hypothesized that aging and estrogen effects would be greater for source memory than for item memory. Neuropsychological tests explored whether the effects of aging and estrogen use were revealed on other tests of frontal lobe function. Results from the experimental task revealed greater aging and estrogen effects for source memory than for item memory, and neuropsychological results revealed aging and estrogen effects on a subset of tests of executive function. Women on estrogen + progesterone therapy did not outperform non-users, suggesting that the addition of progesterone to hormone therapy may mitigate the benefits induced by estrogen use alone. Overall, findings support the hypothesis that estrogen use may temper age-related cognitive decline by helping to maintain functions subserved by the frontal lobes.
Discrimination of clustered defects on wafers using statistical methods (2002)

This paper presents a method for discrimination of clustered defects. The histogram of the number of defects per die is approximated to several major distributions. As a result, we found that Poisson distribution is almost equivalent to real data. The advantage of this method is that accurate coordinates are not required. Therefore it can be applied for almost all tools regardless of their accuracy of coordinates.
[Tienilic acid-induced hepatitis associated with liver/kidney microsomal antibody (author's transl)]. (1980)

Six patients developed acute, subacute or chronic hepatitis after taking tielinic acid, a new diuretic used in the treatment of hypertension. Two died of acute liver failure. The condition was characterized by marked increase in serum transaminases, parenchymal necrosis and portal and/or lobular inflammatory fibrosis. In addition, the serum of all patients contained high titers of a liver/kidney microsomal antibody, which disappeared either after tienilic acid was discontinued or after prednisolone was introduced. The study shows that tienilic acid may be responsible for acute or chronic hepatitis and suggests that a liver/kidney microsomal antibody could be a sero-immunological marker of drug-induced liver disease.
Ag(I)-Coordinated Supramolecular Metallogels Based on Schiff Base Ligands: Structural Characterization and Reversible Thixotropic Property (2015)

Three Schiff base ligands containing two pyridine rings, S1, S2, and S3, show strong gelation abilities with AgNO3 in several pure or mixed solvents at room temperature. 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements not only demonstrated the coordination interaction between silver ion and nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring of the S2 ligand in S2-Ag metallogel, but also showed that hydrogen bonding contributes to the formation of the metallogels. In particular, S2-Ag metallogel shows a super smart and fully reversible thixotropic property, which has been rarely reported before in metallogels. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that S2-Ag metallogel in DMF takes a mixture of hexagonal and tetragonal packing modes. On the basis of the results of XRD and mass spectrometry analysis, a possible structure evolution process for the gel was proposed. And this model was further demonstrated by the results of polarizing microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis of S2-Ag metallogel.