gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive evaluation of multicategory classification methods for microbiomic data (2013)

We found that random forests, support vector machines, kernel ridge regression, and Bayesian logistic regression with Laplace priors are the most effective machine learning techniques for performing accurate classification from these microbiomic data.
Hardened OS exploitation techniques (2004)

To overcome the common ’find and fix’ technique on todays operating systems, more and more people install special hardening patches or complete RBAC systems. One goal of such systems is to stop intruders from taking control over the whole system and to make exploitation of particular application bugs hard, if not impossible. This paper explores the possibilities intruders have nevertheless.
Genetic Drift in an Infinite Population: The Pseudohitchhiking Model (2000)

Selected substitutions at one locus can induce stochastic dynamics that resemble genetic drift at a closely linked neutral locus. The pseudohitchhiking model is a one-locus model that approximates these effects and can be used to describe the major consequences of linked selection. As the changes in neutral allele frequencies when hitchhiking are rapid, diffusion theory is not appropriate for studying neutral dynamics. A stationary distribution and some results on substitution processes are presented that use the theory of continuous-time Markov processes with discontinuous sample paths. The coalescent of the pseudohitchhiking model is shown to have a random number of branches at each node, which leads to a frequency spectrum that is different from that of the equilibrium neutral model. If genetic draft, the name given to these induced stochastic effects, is a more important stochastic force than genetic drift, then a number of paradoxes that have plagued population genetics disappear.
Critical Compressive Strain of Linepipes Related to Workhardening Parameters (2002)

An approximate solution to predict a critical compressive strain at the peak load (the peak load strain hereinafter) of linepipes subjected to axial compression is proposed in this paper. The approximate solution is derived from the deformation theory applying the stress-strain relationship with non–linear hardening properties, which have not been taken into account in a number of current equations applied for pipeline design. The approximate solution proposed in this paper is a closed form equation, which is useful and effective for the practical application. The parameters in the Ramberg-Osgood representation expressing workhardenability of the linepipes are successfully introduced for the approximate solution. The effectiveness and accuracy of the approximate solution are verified comparing the critical compressive strains of several API 5L grade linepipes obtained by finite element analyses.
Microstructure of epitaxial oxide thin film heterostructures on silicon by pulsed laser deposition (1994)

The microstructure of epitaxial La0.5Sr0.5CoO3(LSCO)/ferroelectric lanthanum modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT)/ La0.5Sr0.5CoO3(LSCO)/bismuth titanate(BT)/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) heterostructures on [001] silicon has been investigated. X-ray diffraction and pole figure analysis reveal epitaxial growth of the PLZT, LSCO, BT, and YSZ layers. High resolution transmission electron microscopy was done to study the crystal defects and interfacial structure.
<title>Compared performances of morphological, median type, and running mean filters</title> (1992)

In this paper, performances of basic morphological filters are evaluated. Very simple output distribution expressions of erosions and openings are given for independent non-identically distributed inputs. The output means and variances for input signals plus white Gaussian, bi- exponential, and uniform noises are then analyzed and computed. These results are used to compare the performances of morphological filters with those of median filters, (alpha) - trimmed mean filters, ranked-order filters and running mean filters. The comparisons show that morphological filters achieve the best edge preservation for all the three kinds of noises. As regards to noise suppression, morphological filters are the best ones for uniform noise, median filters are optimal for bi-exponential noise, and running mean filters are optimal for Gaussian noise. Performances of (alpha) -trimmed mean filters spread between those of median and linear filters, while performances of ranked-order filters are compromises between those of erosions (or dilation) and median filters.
Spectrophotometric Quantification Of Bilirubin In Sclera of the Eye Using Visible DLP® Hyperspectral Imaging (2012)

In clinical settings doctors strive to give best care to the patients by looking for methods to diagnose the illness early to intervene with the necessary treatment. In the case of patients with liver problems (e.g. cirrhosis, hepatitis) an early indicator of impaired liver function is an increased concentration of bilirubin in the blood circulation. Bilirubin concentration is currently quantified by blood sampling, which is invasive, and it would be desirable to have a technology that quantifies bilirubin non-invasively. The goal of this work was to help address this clinical need and develop a methodology for determining non-invasively a measure of bilirubin concentration. This technology consisted of Digital Light Processing Hyperspectral Imaging (DLP HSI) system coupled to a fundus microscope. In this system light from a polychromatic visible light source s dispersed onto a micromirror array of a DLP chip so that each column of micromirrors could reflect only a narrow band of monochromatic light. Programming columns of mirrors turn towards or away from light illumination thus enabled control of the spectral output of the light source. The DLP chip was programmed so that light in 5nm wavelength bins was reflected sequentially across a 440 -500 nm range. The back-reflected light from the scleral area was collected by the fundus microscope optics and projected onto a CCD camera, which was time-synced with the DLP chip so as to acquire images separately for each wavelength bin. The detected Hyperspectral reflectance data cubes from the scleral area were subsequently analyzed to quantify the relative absorbance of Bilirubin in the vicinity. Quantification of these chromophores was based on their known absorbance spectra for each image pixel. Limitations of this work that precluded absolute quantification of chromophores were that the scleral tissue optical properties were not taken into account in the analysis and that the light wavelength range used was not wide enough to uniquely unmix Bilirubin from the hemoglobin spectra. Nevertheless, the estimated relative Bilirubin absorbance values, with respect to blood, showed reasonably good correlation with independent quantitative measurements of bilirubin concentration from blood samples obtained from each patient being imaged. Therefore, the proposed technique shows good potential as a non-invasive tool for the detection of Hyperbilirubinemia and warrants more detailed future studies in a larger patient population to assess its sensitivity and specificity for the early diagnosis of this condition.
Highly Stereoselective Biocatalytic Synthesis of Key Cyclopropane Intermediate to Ticagrelor (2016)

Extending the scope of biocatalysis to important non-natural reactions such as olefin cyclopropanation will open new opportunities for replacing multi-step chemical syntheses of pharmaceutical intermediates with efficient, clean, and highly selective enzyme-catalyzed processes. In this work, we engineered the truncated globin of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> for the synthesis of a cyclopropane precursor to the antithrombotic agent ticagrelor. The engineered enzyme catalyzes the cyclopropanation of 3,4-difluorostyrene with ethyl diazoacetate on a preparative scale to give ethyl-(1<i>R</i>, 2<i>R</i>)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylate in 79% yield, with very high diastereoselectivity (>99% dr) and enantioselectivity (98% <i>ee</i>), enabling a single-step biocatalytic route to this pharmaceutical intermediate.
The Saner Ranch pilot test of Fracture-Assisted Steamflood Technology (1984)

A second test of a steamflood process called the FAST process (Fracture Assisted Steamflood Technology) was conducted at the Saner Ranch lease in the South Texas tar sand deposit to recover heavy tar. The first test of the FAST process conducted at the Street Ranch pilot in South Texas demonstrated the feasibility of the process to recovery tar with gravity as low as -2/sup 0/API (1 093 kg/m/sup 3/). The main objectives of the second test were to confirm the process application and, if possible, improve the process efficiency. The Saner Ranch test was conducted in a 7.5 acre (3 ha), inverted 7-spot pattern. The target formation was the 65 foot (20 m) thick San Miguel-4 tar sand located at a depth of about 1400 feet (427 m). During the 23 month test, ending January 1983, the pilot produced 133,260 barrels (21 200 m/sup 3/) of 2/sup 0/API (1 060 kg/m/sup 3/) tar. Monthly average tar production rates reached a peak of nearly 600 BPD (95 m/sup 3//d). The steam-to-oil ratio (SOR) was 8.02 barrels/barrel (m/sup 3//m/sup 3/), and the ratio of BTU's produced to the BTU's consumed was 2.15. This represents a 31 percent improvement over that of themore » Street Ranch pilot. The pilot operation and progress were monitored by several techniques such as temperature surveys in the production and observation wells, reservoir tracer tests, and seismic reflection techniques. Five post-pilot cores were drilled to assist in the process evaluation. Numerical simulation was used to provide a history match of the production data as well as a match of the temperature, pressure, and heat breakthrough time. Numerical simulation studies also provided further insight into the major flow mechanisms. This paper provides the details of the pilot design and operation. Based on the field observations and history match by numerical simulation, conclusions regarding the process are made.« less
Predictive Equations for Energy Needs for the Critically Ill (2009)

Nutrition may affect clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, and providing either more or fewer calories than the patient needs can adversely affect outcomes. Calorie need fluctuates substantially over the course of critical illness, and nutrition delivery is often influenced by: the risk of refeeding syndrome; a hypocaloric feeding regimen; lack of feeding access; intolerance of feeding; and feeding-delay for procedures. Lean body mass is the strongest determinant of resting energy expenditure, but age, sex, medications, and metabolic stress also influence the calorie requirement. Indirect calorimetry is the accepted standard for determining calorie requirement, but is unavailable or unaffordable in many centers. Moreover, indirect calorimetry is not infallible and care must be taken when interpreting the results. In the absence of calorimetry, clinicians use equations and clinical judgment to estimate calorie need. We reviewed 7 equations (American College of Chest Physicians, Harris-Benedict, Ireton-Jones 1992 and 1997, Penn State 1998 and 2003, Swinamer 1990) and their prediction accuracy. Understanding an equation's reference population and using the equation with similar patients are essential for the equation to perform similarly. Prediction accuracy among equations is rarely within 10% of the measured energy expenditure; however, in the absence of indirect calorimetry, a prediction equation is the best alternative.
Self Synchronizing Digital Scramblers (1977)

A known way of scrambling binary data for security purposes is by adding to it, bit by bit, a pseudorandom sequence A. Synchronization is established by providing the descrambler with the states of A's generator. It is shown here how for data transmitted in blocks, the states of the generator can be recovered at any instant which enables self-synchronization. If the block length is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> and the generator of A consists of an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -stage register, there is a delay of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k(n - 1) + 1</tex> bits, between sync lost and sync recovery.
ADtrees for sequential data and n-gram Counting (2007)

We consider the problem of efficiently storing n-gram counts for large n over very large corpora. In such cases, the efficient storage of sufficient statistics can have a dramatic impact on system performance. One popular model for storing such data derived from tabular data sets with many attributes is the ADtree. Here, we adapt the ADtree to benefit from the sequential structure of corpora-type data. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach on a portion of the well-known Wall Street Journal corpus from the Penn Treebank and show that our approach is exponentially more efficient than the naive approach to storing n-grams and is also significantly more efficient than a traditional prefix tree.
All Your Alexa Are Belong to Us: A Remote Voice Control Attack against Echo (2018)

Voice controlled system becomes increasingly popular these days due to the convenient and natural control over lots of functionalities and smart devices. Amazon Echo, designed around Alexa, is capable of controlling smart devices such as locks, sending emails, making phone calls, and even bridging the gap between online services such as Twitter, Facebook, etc. Previously, researchers demonstrated that by carefully crafting obfuscated commands or transmitting commands over ultrasound carrier, voice controlled systems can be compromised without people's awareness. However, those researches require the target voice controlled systems to be close enough to their speaker or ultrasound transducer. In this paper, we proposed REEVE (REmotE VoicE control) attack that can manipulate Amazon Alexa remotely, e.g., via signal broadcasting to compromise radio, TV, speaker, etc. It works on behalf of the attackers to operate various commands beneficial to them. By analyzing more than 15,000 Alexa skills and 600 IFTTT Applets related to Alexa, we found that more than 100 of them can be used to attack Echo. We also thoroughly scrutinized the attack surface of Echo's voice control and conducted security analysis based on different consequences.
Imaging Photon Lattice States by Scanning Defect Microscopy (2016)

Microwave photons inside lattices of coupled resonators and superconducting qubits can exhibit surprising matterlike behavior. Realizing such open-system quantum simulators presents an experimental challenge and requires new tools and measurement techniques. Here, we introduce scanning defect microscopy as one such tool and illustrate its use in mapping the normal-mode structure of microwave photons inside a 49-site kagome lattice of coplanar waveguide resonators. Scanning is accomplished by moving a probe equipped with a sapphire tip across the lattice. This locally perturbs resonator frequencies and induces shifts of the lattice resonance frequencies, which we determine by measuring the transmission spectrum. From the magnitude of mode shifts, we can reconstruct photon field amplitudes at each lattice site and thus create spatial images of the photon-lattice normal modes.
Marangoni Mechanism in Pulsed Laser Texturing of Magnetic Disk Substrates (1997)

This paper proposes a mechanism for topographical features formed during pulsed laser texturing of Ni-P magnetic disk substrates. A salient feature of the process is the ability to raise a central peak in the irradiated spot, providing a low contact area bearing for the slider-head of a computer hard drive. Formation of topography is believed to involve gradient capillary forces acting at the surface of the molten pool (Marangoni effect). However, the central peak cannot be explained with thermo-capillary forces alone. Therefore, it is suggested that a compositional gradient due to the depletion of a surfactant at the molten surface provides the necessary condition to reverse the capillary force in the central region. This perspective is investigated using finite element modeling of the Lagrangian fluid mechanics coupled with heat and mass diffusion.
Developing a Workflow Design Framework Based on Dataflow Analysis (2008)

One important step in workflow automation is to design a valid and efficient workflow model that accurately specifies the execution sequence of activities in a business process. The dataflow constraints, which define the data input and output of each activity in a business process, can be used to analyze the dependencies among different activities and determine a proper workflow model for a particular business process. The basic idea of applying dataflow analysis to workflow design has been suggested in the literature. In this paper, we present a framework for applying dataflow analysis to workflow design. Our contribution is threefold. First, we introduce several new instruments, such as activity dependency tree and condition-action table, for specifying the necessary workflow requirements. Furthermore, we develop various key algorithms for requirements analysis and workflow model generation. Third, a system architecture is provided as a roadmap for developing a dataflow-based workflow design tool.
Mechanical properties and in vitro degradation of bioabsorbable self-expanding braided stents (2003)

The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanical and self-expansion properties of braided bioabsorbable stents. In total four different stents were manufactured from PLLA fibres using a braiding technique. The changes in radial pressure stiffness and diameter recovery of the stents were determined initially, and after insertion and release from a delivery device. The braided stents were compared to three commercially available metallic braided stents. The changes in physical and mechanical properties of the PLLA fibres and stents during in vitro degradation were investigated. After release from the delivery device, the PLLA stents did not fully recover to their original diameter. The radial pressure stiffness of the bioabsorbable stents was similar to that of the metallic stents. The in vitro degradation study showed that the stents would keep at least half of their initial radial pressure stiffness for more than 22 weeks.
Targeted high-throughput sequencing technique for the molecular diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency disorders (2018)

The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of targeted high-throughput sequencing (HTS) for the molecular diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID).A total of 56 clinically diagnosed or suspected PID patients were divided into 4 groups according to the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee for Primary Immunodeficiency 2015 and their chief clinical presentations. Patients and their biological family members were examined by targeted HTS, which sequenced the exons and ±10 bp flanking introns of 171 PID-related genes panel. All significant variants were confirmed by PCR-Sanger sequencing. Pathogenicity of the variants was evaluated by using bioinformatics.A total of 117 variants in 73 genes were found in 56 patients. Accurate molecular diagnosis of PID was made in 13 (23.2%) patients, and 12 novel mutations were detected in these patients. Twenty-seven patients carried heterozygous variants that are probably pathogenic in ≥2 genes; 16 patients had only 1 missense variant, or had several variants but not >1 variant was deleterious as evaluated by bioinformatics. The meaning of the targeted HTS results of these patients remains to be studied.Targeted HTS can make a precise molecular diagnosis of PID and detect more novel pathogenic mutations. More and more variations with ambiguous significance are discovered and explanation of these variations is a challenge to the clinicians.
3D Shape Context Based Gesture Analysis Integrated with Tracking using Omni Video Array (2006)

In this paper we introduce a multilayer cylindrical histogram based feature space for representing 3D shape context of human body. Dynamics of gestures are analyzed using discrete hidden Markov models (DHMM) with quantized feature vectors. Extensive experimental trials with multiple subjects and a range of gesture classes are presented. Gesture recognition accuracies of over 85% (for nine gestures, and 9 subjects) and over 95% (for seven gestures) support the basic feasibility and robustness of the approach.
Reactive cationic dicyclopentadienyl zirconium(IV) complexes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactive cationic dicyclopentadienyl zirconium(IV) complexesRichard F. Jordan, William E. Dasher, and Scott F. EcholsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 7, 1718–1719Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00267a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00267a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1156Altmetric-Citations205LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hybrid integration of conventional waveguide and photonic crystal structures (2002)

We propose the hybrid integration of conventional index-guided waveguides (CWGs) and photonic crystal (PhC) regions of very limited spatial extent as a promising path toward large-scale planar lightwave circuit (PLC) integration. In CWG/PhC structures the PhC regions do not perform the function of waveguiding, but instead augment the CWGs to permit a drastic reduction in the size of photonic components. For single mode waveguides with a refractive index contrast of only 2.3%, simulation results show a 90 degree bend with 98.7% efficiency, a compact beamsplitter with 99.4% total efficiency, and a planar Mach-Zender interferometer (MZI) with 97.8% efficiency. The MZI occupies an area of only 18microm m x 18 microm.
A new ASIC for washer controller (2003)

This paper describes the new ASIC for Washer, especially, how to design and how to pre-test before masking. Our target of this ASIC is to make the most competitive controller in terms of reliability and cost effective compact design for washer in the world. We used various computer aided design tools to develop. Our ASIC contains LG embedded microprocessor, glue logic and analog circuits. Especially, glue logic was designed and tested by EPLD (Erasable Programmable Logic Device).