gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of solid‐state nanopores and its perspectives (2015)

Nanofluidics is becoming an extensively developing technique in the field of bioanalytical chemistry. Nanoscale hole embed in an insulating membrane is employed in a vast variety of sensing platforms and applications. Although, biological nanopores have several attractive characteristics, in this paper, we focused on the solid-state nanopores due to their advantages as high stability, possibility of diameter control, and ease of surface functionalizing. A detection method, based on the translocation of analyzed molecules through nanochannels under applied voltage bias and resistive pulse sensing, is well established. Nevertheless, it seems that the new detection methods like measuring of transverse electron tunneling using nanogap electrodes or optical detection can offer significant additional advantages. The aim of this review is not to cite all related articles, but highlight the steps, which in our opinion, meant important progresses in solid-state nanopore analysis.
Differential Regulation of Trichome Formation on the Adaxial and Abaxial Leaf Surfaces by Gibberellins and Photoperiod in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh (1996)

In wild-type (WT) Columbia and Landsberg erecta ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., trichomes are present on the adaxial surfaces of all rosette leaves but are absent from the abaxial surfaces of the first-formed leaves. We have determined that both long-day (LD) photoperiod and gibberellin (GA) stimulate trichome formation. WT plants grown in LD conditions produce the first abaxial trichome on earlier leaves than plants grown in short-day (SD) conditions. Photoperiod sensitivity of abaxial trichome formation on WT plants develops gradually over time, reaching the maximum sensitivity about 24 d after germination. Application of gibberellic acid to WT plants growing in SD conditions accelerates the onset of abaxial trichomes. Conversely, application of 20 to 80 mg L-1 paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, to wild-type plants suppresses trichome initiation on the abaxial epidermis. The GA-deficient mutants ga1-5 and ga4-1 and the GA-insensitive mutant gai-1 exhibit delayed onset of abaxial trichomes when grown in LD conditions. The null mutant ga1-3 produces completely glabrous leaves when grown in SD conditions. Application of gibberellic acid to glabrous ga1-3 plants consistently induces earlier formation of trichomes on the adaxial epidermis than on the abaxial epidermis, demonstrating a difference between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces in their response to GA with regard to trichome formation.
Metabolic interactions of dichloroacetate and insulin in experimental diabetic ketoacidosis. Studies on whole animals and after functional hepatectomy (1975)

1. The infusion of sodium dichloroacetate into rats with severe diabetic ketoacidosis over 4h caused a 2mM decrease in blood glucose, and small falls in blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations. Similar findings had been reported in normal rats (Blackshear et al., 1974). In contrast there was a marked decrease in blood ketone-body concentration in the diabetic ketoacidotic rats after dichloroacetate treatment. 2. The infusion of insulin alone rapidly decreased blood glucose and ketone bodies, but caused an increase in blood lactate and pyruvate. 3. Dichloroacetate did not affect the response to insulin of blood glucose and ketone bodies, but abolished the increase of lactate and pyruvate seen after insulin infusion. 4. Neither insulin nor dichloroacetate stimulated glucose disappearance after functional hepatectomy, but both agents decreased the accumulation in blood of lactate, pyruvate and alanine. 5. Dichloroacetate inhibited 3-hydroxybutyrate uptake by the extra-splachnic tissues; insulin reversed this effect. Ketone-body production must have decreased, as hepatic ketone-body content was unchanged by dicholoracetate yet blood concentrations decreased. 6. It was concluded that: (a) dichloroacetate had qualitatively similar effects on glucose metabolism in severely ketotic rats to those observed in non-diabetic starved animals; (b) insulin and dichloroacetate both separately and together, decreased the net release of lactate, pyruvate and alanine from the extra-splachnic tissues, possibly through a similar mechanism; (c) insulin reversed the inhibition of 3-hydroxybutyrate uptake caused by dichloroacetate; (d) dichloroacetate inhibited ketone-body production in severe ketoacidosis.
Zinc(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(α-pyridino-m-tolyl)porphyrin Tetrabromide (2009)

Cationic porphyrins interact strongly with guanine quadruplex (G-quadruplex) DNA. We report the preparation of the zinc(II) complex of a porphyrin bearing cationic side arms, zinc(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(α-pyridino-m-tolyl)porphyrin tetrabromide (ZnmPy), as a novel probe for the analysis of G-quadruplex/porphyrin interaction.
ECM1 controls Th2 cell egress from lymph nodes through re-expression of S1P1 (102.3) (2011)

Abstract The T helper 2 (Th2) subset of T cell is critically involved in allergy and asthma. In this study, we demonstrate that the Extra-Cellular Matrix protein 1 (ECM1), a secreted protein, is highly and selectively expressed in Th2 cells. ECM1 deficiency caused impaired Th2 responses and reduced allergic airway inflammation in vivo. Functional analysis demonstrated that although Th2 polarization was unimpaired, ECM1 deficient Th2 (but not Th1) cells exhibited a defect in migration and were retained in peripheral lymphoid organs. This was associated with reduced expression of the transcription factor klf2 and its downstream target, the chemokine receptor S1P1 and could be corrected by retroviral transduction of individual members of the pathway. We also found that ECM1 can directly bind to IL-2 receptor to inhibit IL-2 signaling and activate S1P1 expression. Our data identify a novel function of ECM1 in regulating Th2 cell migration through controlling of klf2 and S1P1 expression.
Zweidimensionale Geometrie (1997)

Von den Ideen, die über die Geometrie des Euklid hinausführen, dürfte der Begriff der konvexen Menge derjenige sein, den die alten Griechen am ehesten verstanden hätten. Tatsächlich hatte bereits Archimedes einen nahen Verwandten dieses Begriffes definiert. Eine Menge ist konvex, wenn sie zusammen mit jedem ihrer Punktepaare auch deren gesamte Verbindungsstrecke enthält. (Intuitiv gesprochen ist eine Menge konvex, wenn sie weder Löcher noch Zacken hat.) Als Quelle reizvoller und leicht zu formulierender ungelöster Probleme steht die Untersuchung niedrigdimensionaler konvexer Mengen ebenbürtig neben der Zahlentheorie und der Graphentheorie. Es ist also nicht überraschend, daß konvexe Mengen in vielen Abschnitten dieses Kapitels eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Es gibt jedoch auch Probleme, die nicht mit Konvexität zu tun haben und einige dieser Probleme stehen in enger Beziehung zu modernen (aber elementaren) Begriffen aus der Mengenlehre und der Topologie.
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in faeces of healthy dairy cows, sheep and goats: prevalence and virulence properties (2000)

The prevalence of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in healthy dairy ruminants was investigated between 1996 and 1998 by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) technique. A total of 13 552 E. coli colonies from 726 cows, 28 sheep and 93 goats out of 112 randomly selected dairy farms in Hessia, Germany were analysed. STEC strains were recovered from 131 (18.0%) cows, nine (32.1%) sheep and 70 (75.3%) goats. Further characterization of the STEC isolates showed that 89 (0.66% of the investigated colonies) of animal field strains carried stx1 gene, 64 (0.47%) stx2 gene and 57 (0.42%) stx1 and stx2 gene. Sixty (93.8%) out of 64 stx2 field strains were harboured by cows. In contrast, 74 (83.1%) out of 89 stx1 dairy animal field strains were from ovine or caprine origin. Only 17 (8. 1%) stx-positive isolates (13 from cattle, three from sheep and only one from goat) were positive for eaeA gene. Eight (9.0%) of the stx1, five (7.8%) of the stx2 and four (7.0%) of the stx1/stx2 gene-positive field strains carried the eaeA gene. The prevalence of EHEC-haemolysin (EHEC-hlyA) gene sequence was 88.8% (79 isolates) of the stx1 and 68.8% (44 isolates) of the stx2 isolates. Out of 57 stx1- and stx2-positive field-strains, 34 (59.6%) carried the EHEC-hlyA gene. E. coli O serovars O:157 and O:111 were not found. Only one isolate was positive with O26 antiserum.
Determination of Etoposide Plasma Concentrations of Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2012)

Objective To detect etoposide blood plasma concentrations of patients with small cell lung cancer by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Methods Waters Symmetry C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used as column.The mobile phase was methanol-water(45∶55,V/V).The wavelength was 220 nm.The injection volume was 20 μl,column temperature was 30 ℃.Results Capylus of the element of the sample separated well,detection limit was 1.295 mg/L,linear range of etoposide was 2.59~51.8 mg/L,r=0.999 7,average recovery was 95.5%±0.9%(n=5),with RSD of 5%.Conclusion The method is simple,highly precise.It is suitable for clinic monitoring.
Altered monocyte and fibrocyte phenotype and function in scleroderma interstitial lung disease: reversal by caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (2011)

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, or SSc). Fibrocytes are a monocyte-derived cell population implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosing disorders. Given the recently recognized importance of caveolin-1 in regulating function and signaling in SSc monocytes, in the present study we examined the role of caveolin-1 in the migration and/or trafficking and phenotype of monocytes and fibrocytes in fibrotic lung disease in human patients and an animal model. These studies fill a gap in our understanding of how monocytes and fibrocytes contribute to SSc-ILD pathology. We found that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4-positive (CXCR4+)/collagen I-positive (ColI+), CD34+/ColI+ and CD45+/ColI+ cells are present in SSc-ILD lungs, but not in control lungs, with CXCR4+ cells being most prevalent. Expression of CXCR4 and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (CXCL12), are also highly upregulated in SSc-ILD lung tissue. SSc monocytes, which lack caveolin-1 and therefore overexpress CXCR4, exhibit almost sevenfold increased migration toward CXCL12 compared to control monocytes. Restoration of caveolin-1 function by administering the caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD) peptide reverses this hypermigration. Similarly, transforming growth factor β-treated normal monocytes lose caveolin-1, overexpress CXCR4 and exhibit 15-fold increased monocyte migration that is CSD peptide-sensitive. SSc monocytes exhibit a different phenotype than normal monocytes, expressing high levels of ColI, CD14 and CD34. Because ColI+/CD14+ cells are prevalent in SSc blood, we looked for such cells in lung tissue and confirmed their presence in SSc-ILD lungs but not in normal lungs. Finally, in the bleomycin model of lung fibrosis, we show that CSD peptide diminishes fibrocyte accumulation in the lungs. Our results suggest that low caveolin-1 in SSc monocytes contributes to ILD via effects on cell migration and phenotype and that the hyperaccumulation of fibrocytes in SSc-ILD may result from the altered phenotype and migratory activity of their monocyte precursors.
Analysis of DNA Methylation in Various Swine Tissues (2011)

DNA methylation is known to play an important role in regulating gene expression during biological development and tissue differentiation in eukaryotes. In this study, we used the fluorescence-labeled methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (F-MSAP) method to assess the extent and pattern of cytosine methylation in muscle, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and stomach from the swine strain Laiwu, and we also examined specific methylation patterns in the seven tissues. In total, 96,371 fragments, each representing a recognition site cleaved by either or both EcoRI + HpaII and EcoRI + MspI, the HpaII and MspI are isoschizomeric enzymes, were amplified using 16 pairs of selective primers. A total of 50,094 sites were found to be methylated at cytosines in seven tissues. The incidence of DNA methylation was approximately 53.99% in muscle, 51.24% in the heart, 50.18% in the liver, 53.31% in the spleen, 51.97% in the lung, 51.15% in the kidney and 53.39% in the stomach, as revealed by the incidence of differential digestion. Additionally, differences in DNA methylation levels imply that such variations may be related to specific gene expression during tissue differentiation, growth and development. Three types of bands were generated in the F-MSAP profile, the total numbers of these three types of bands in the seven tissues were 46,277, 24,801 and 25,293, respectively.In addition, different methylation patterns were observed in seven tissues from pig, and almost all of the methylation patterns detected by F-MSAP could be confirmed by Southern analysis using the isolated amplified fragments as probes. The results clearly demonstrated that the F-MSAP technique can be adapted for use in large-scale DNA methylation detection in the pig genome.
G. Larsen & G. V. Chilingar (eds) 1983. Diagenesis in Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks 2. viii + 572 pp., numerous illustrations. Amsterdam, Oxford, New York: Elsevier Scientific. Price Dfl 275.00; U.S. $117.00. ISBN 0 444 42013 4. (1983)

G. Larsen & G. V. Chilingar (eds) 1983. Diagenesis in Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks 2. viii + 572 pp., numerous illustrations. Amsterdam, Oxford, New York: Elsevier Scientific. Price Dfl 275.00; U.S. $117.00. ISBN 0 444 42013 4. - Volume 120 Issue 5
Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions between a Bicyclic Alkenyl Triflate and Grignard Reagents (2008)

Fe-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between a bicyclic alkenyl triflate and Grignard reagents were investigated. Under the optimized reaction conditions, various 2-substituted bicyclic alkenes were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields (52-93%). This method provided an efficient route for the synthesis of 2-substituted bicyclic alkenes with secondary alkyl groups which cannot be synthesized using previous methods such as Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions and lithium-halide exchange reactions.
Should amiodarone or lidocaine be given to patients who arrest after cardiac surgery and fail to cardiovert from ventricular fibrillation? (2008)

A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether the administration of amiodarone or lidocaine in patients with refractory VT/VF after cardiac surgery results in successful cardioversion. Altogether more than 434 papers were found using the reported search, from which 23 articles were used to answer the clinical question. No randomized trials have been found in which amiodarone was studied in patients with refractory VF/VT after cardiac surgery. Recommendations on the use of amiodarone in patients with refractory VF/VT in both European and American 2005 Guidelines on Resuscitation are mainly based on expert consensus and are supported by a few randomized trials in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We would therefore recommend that amiodarone is the first line drug that should be used in patients with refractory ventricular arrhythmias after cardiac surgery that persist after three failed attempts at cardioversion. Lidocaine should only be used if amiodarone is not available or if its use is contraindicated. Amiodarone should be administered as an intravenous bolus of 300 mg after the third unsuccessful shock.
Slow Relaxation Mode in Mixtures of Water and Organic Molecules:  Supramolecular Structures or Nanobubbles? (2007)

Aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, urea, and alpha-cyclodextrin were studied by a combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering (LLS). In textbooks, these small organic molecules are soluble in water so that there should be no observable large structures or density fluctuation in either static or dynamic LLS. However, a slow mode has been consistently observed in these aqueous solutions in dynamic LLS. Such a slow mode was previously attributed to some large complexes or supramolecular structures formed between water and these small organic molecules. Our current study reveals that it is actually due to the existence of small bubbles ( approximately 100 nm in diameter) formed inside these solutions. Our direct evidence comes from the fact that it can be removed by repeated filtration and regenerated by air injection. Our results also indicate that the formation of such nanobubbles in small organic molecule aqueous solutions is a universal phenomenon. Such formed nanobubbles are rather stable. The measurement of isothermal compressibility confirms the existence of a low density microphase, presumably nanobubbles, in these aqueous solutions. Using a proposed structural model, that is, each bubble is stabilized by small organic molecules adsorbed at the gas/water interface, we have, for the first time, estimated the pressure inside these nanobubbles.
Diastereoselective additions of organometallic reagents to (SFc)-2-p-tolylsulfanylferrocene carboxyaldehyde and to (SFc)-2-p-tolylsulfanyl ferrocenyl imines. Synthesis of new central and planar chiral ferrocenyl alcohols and amines. (2003)

Enantiomerically pure 2-hydroxyalkyl, 2-aminoalkyl and 2-iminoalkyl ferrocenyl p-tolylsulfides are easily prepared in good yields and with complete diastereocontrol from (S)-(2-ptolylthio)ferrocencarboxyaldehyde. This aldehyde provides also an easy access to the first enantiomerically pure planar chiral ferrocenyl cyanohydrin. The absolute configuration of the new stereocenters has been determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Differences in the glycosylation profile of a monoclonal antibody produced by hybridomas cultured in serum‐supplemented, serum‐free or chemically defined media (2007)

SFM (serum-free medium) is preferred to media containing animal-derived components when culturing mammalian cells for the production of therapeutic recombinant proteins and mAbs (monoclonal antibodies). Nonetheless, eliminating animal-derived components from media can strongly modify culture performance and alter protein glycosylation. In the present study, mAb glycosylation profiles, extracellular exoglycosidase activities, hybridoma growth and mAb production in traditional medium containing 10% (v/v) FBS (fetal bovine serum) [DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium)/FBS] were compared with those obtained in either SFM or CDM (chemically defined medium). SFM and CDM supported higher cell and mAb concentrations than did DMEM/FBS; however, CE (capillary electrophoresis) analyses revealed important changes in mAb glycosylation patterns. Glycosylation patterns showed a broad microheterogeneity in all the media, ranging from complex to high-mannose and paucimannosidic glycans. mAb produced in DMEM/FBS presented 26 glycan structures, whereas a lower glycan microheterogeneity was found for cultures in CDM or SFM, which presented 24 and 22 structures respectively. In DMEM/FBS and CDM, complex glycans without terminal galactose (G0) represented 28 and 32% of the total glycans respectively and 42 and 46% corresponded to galactosylated structures (G1 plus G2) respectively. In contrast, G0 glycans in SFM accounted for 58%, whereas only 28% corresponded to G1 and G2 structures. Extracellular beta-galactosidase activity increased approx. 3-fold in SFM, which can explain the higher G0 content compared with cultures in the other two media. A desirable decrease in sialylated structures, but an undesirable increase in fucosylated forms, was observed in mAb produced in SFM and CDM media. Approxi. 80% of potential mAb glycosylation sites were occupied, regardless of the culture medium used.
Swelling in Neutron Irradiated Titanium Alloys (1982)

Immersion density measurements have been performed on a series of titanium alloys irradiated in EBR-II to a fluence of 5 × 1022n/cm2 (E &gt;0.1 MeV) at 450 and 550°C. The materials irradiated were the near-alpha alloys Ti-6242S and Ti-5621S, the alpha-beta alloy Ti-64, and the beta alloy Ti-38644. Swelling was observed in all alloys with the greater swelling being observed at 550°C. Microstructural examination revealed the presence of voids in all alloys. Ti-38644 was found to be the most radiation resistant. Ti-6242S and Ti-5621S also displayed good radiation resistance, whereas considerable swelling and precipitation were observed in Ti-64 at 550°C.
Amidoxime‐group‐containg adsorbents for metal ions synthesized by radiation‐induced grafting (1985)

Abstract Amidoxime‐group‐containing fibrous adsorbents for metal ions were synthesized by radiation‐induced grafting of acrylonitrile followed by amidoximation of cyano groups with hydroxylamine. The degree of amidoximation and the distribution of amidoxime groups in the fiber were follwed by means of electron probe X‐ray microanalysis. The efficiency of adsorbing metal ions was increased by alkaline treatment of the adsorbent at high temperature for a short period before use. The order of adsorption for various bivalent metal ions was Hg > Cu > Ni > Co > Cd. From the distribution pattern of metal ions in the fibrous adsorbent, the adsorption was found to be controlled by the diffusion of the solution containing metal ions inside the adsorbent. It was found that confining amidoxime groups superficially and making short chain length of grafts were effective to obtain a high degree of adsorption.
Task Scheduling Based on a Hybrid Heuristic Algorithm for Smart Production Line with Fog Computing (2019)

Fog computing provides computation, storage and network services for smart manufacturing. However, in a smart factory, the task requests, terminal devices and fog nodes have very strong heterogeneity, such as the different task characteristics of terminal equipment: fault detection tasks have high real-time demands; production scheduling tasks require a large amount of calculation; inventory management tasks require a vast amount of storage space, and so on. In addition, the fog nodes have different processing abilities, such that strong fog nodes with considerable computing resources can help terminal equipment to complete the complex task processing, such as manufacturing inspection, fault detection, state analysis of devices, and so on. In this setting, a new problem has appeared, that is, determining how to perform task scheduling among the different fog nodes to minimize the delay and energy consumption as well as improve the smart manufacturing performance metrics, such as production efficiency, product quality and equipment utilization rate. Therefore, this paper studies the task scheduling strategy in the fog computing scenario. A task scheduling strategy based on a hybrid heuristic (HH) algorithm is proposed that mainly solves the problem of terminal devices with limited computing resources and high energy consumption and makes the scheme feasible for real-time and efficient processing tasks of terminal devices. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed strategy achieves superior performance compared to other strategies.