gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Analysis of Indocyanine Green-Labeled Panitumumab for Optical Imaging—A Cautionary Tale (2014)

Indocyanine green (IC-Green), the only FDA approved near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore for clinical use, is attractive to researchers for the development of targeted optical imaging agents by modification of its structure and conjugation to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or their fragments. IC-Green derivative, ICG-sulfo-OSu (ICG-sOSu), is frequently used for antibody conjugation. However, ICG-sOSu is amphiphilic and readily facilitates aggregation of mAbs that is not easily separable from the desired immunoconjugates. Complications originating from this behavior are frequently overlooked by researchers. This study examined detailed chemical and biological characteristics of an ICG-sOSu-labeled mAb, panitumumab, and provided a clinically applicable strategy to deliver a pure conjugation product. Size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) analysis of conjugation reactions, performed at molar reaction ratios of ICG-sOSu: mAb of 5, 10, or 20, resulted in isolable desired ICG-sOSu-panitumumab conjugation product in 72%, 53%, and 19% yields, respectively, with the remainder consisting of high molecular weight aggregates (>150 kDa) 14%, 30%, and 51%, respectively. The HPLC-purified ICG-sOSu-panitumumab products were analyzed by native and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by optical imaging. Results indicated that the interaction between ICG-sOSu and panitumumab was due to both covalent and noncovalent binding of the ICG-sOSu to the protein. Noncovalently bound dye in the ICG-sOSu-panitumumab conjugate products was removed by extraction with ethyl acetate to further purify the HPLC-isolated conjugation products. With conserved immunoreactivity, excellent target-specific uptake of the doubly purified bioconjugates was observed with minimal liver retention in athymic nude mice bearing HER1-expressing tumor xenografts. In summary, the preparation of well-defined bioconjugate products labeled with commercial ICG-sOSu dye is not a simple process and control of the conjugation reaction ratio and conditions is crucial. Furthermore, absolute purification and characterization of the products is necessitated prior to in vivo optical imaging. Use of validated and characterized dye conjugate products should facilitate the development of clinically viable and reproducible IC-Green derivative and other NIR dye mAb conjugates for optical imaging applications.
Sublimation Pressure Data for Organic Compounds. (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSublimation Pressure Data for Organic Compounds.A. H. JonesCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1960, 5, 2, 196–200Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60006a019https://doi.org/10.1021/je60006a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1407Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
UTILITY OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS VIRAL LOAD IN RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENTS IN ARGENTINA1 (1999)

CMV viral load may be useful in the diagnosis of CMV disease in renal transplant patients.
Interactive Navigation of Heterogeneous Agents Using Adaptive Roadmaps (2008)

We present a novel algorithm for collision-free navigation of a large number of independent agents in complex and dynamic environments. We introduce adaptive roadmaps to perform global path planning for each agent simultaneously. Our algorithm takes into account dynamic obstacles and interagents interaction forces to continuously update the roadmap based on a physically-based dynamics simulator. In order to efficiently update the links, we perform adaptive particle-based sampling along the links. We also introduce the notion of 'link bands' to resolve collisions among multiple agents. In practice, our algorithm can perform real-time navigation of hundreds and thousands of human agents in indoor and outdoor scenes.
Plant biotechnology for production of recombinant pharmaceuticals (2011)

(2011). Plant biotechnology for production of recombinant pharmaceuticals. Human Vaccines: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 303-304.
High transport critical currents in dense monofilamentary Fe- and Ni-clad MgB/sub 2/ tapes and MgB/sub 2//Fe wires with 7 filaments (2002)

Highly dense monofilamentary MgB/sub 2//Ni and MgB/sub 2//Fe tapes and multifilamentary MgB/sub 2//Fe wire with high transport critical current densities have been fabricated using a straightforward powder-in-tube (PIT) process. High density of the MgB/sub 2/ core and a fine starting powder appear to be decisive factors for reaching high critical current densities. After annealing, we measured transport j/sub c/ values up to 2.3/spl times/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 4.2 K in a field of 1.5 T (corresponding to an I/sub c/ of 300 A) in a MgB/sub 2//Ni tape and up to 10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 4.2 K in 6.5 T in a MgB/sub 2//Fe tape. For higher currents these monofilamentary tapes quenched due to insufficient thermal stability. Thus, j/sub c/ at 4.2 K, 0 T can for instance only be extrapolated, yielding a value close to 1 MA/cm/sup 2/. The recrystallization during annealing leads to a densification and to j/sub c/ values which are more than a factor of /spl sim/10 higher than those measured in the as-deformed tapes. Ni shows a limited reaction with MgB/sub 2/, leading to the formation of Mg/sub 2/Ni reaction layers between the filament and the matrix. On the other hand, Fe stays chemically inert and turns out to be an excellent candidate material for preparation of multifilamentary MgB/sub 2/ tapes. A transport j/sub c/ value of 9/spl times/10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 4.2 K and 0.75 T in MgB/sub 2//Fe wire with 7 filaments produced by groove rolling was obtained.
Cancer predisposing mutations in BRCT domains (2011)

Members of the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) carboxy-terminal (BRCT) superfamily are involved in the cellular response to the DNA damage sensing and repair, as well as in the cell cycle control. All proteins are characterized by one or more BRCT domain(s), which provides a flexible framework representing scaffolding element(s) in multi-protein complexes. In particular, BRCA1, nibrin (NBN), and microcephalin (MCPH1), generally considered as molecular models for cancer-prone syndromes, contain BRCT domains able to bind phosphorylated proteins. Mutations within the BRCT domains of BRCA1, NBN, and MCPH1 are responsible for cancer susceptibility, both at the homozygous and heterozygous status. Here, we report a critical analysis of: (i) the BRCT domain structure, (ii) the role of BRCA1, NBN, and MCPH1 in DNA damage sensing and repair as well as in cell cycle control, and (iii) the pathological effects of mutations within the BRCT domains of BRCA1, NBN, and MCPH1.
Circadian chemotherapy for gynecological and genitourinary cancers (2002)

The circadian timing of surgery, anticancer drugs, radiation therapy, and biologic agents can result in improved toxicity profiles, tumor control, and host survival. Optimally timed cancer chemotherapy with doxorubicin or pirarubicin (06:00h) and cisplatin (18:00h) enhanced the control of advanced ovarian cancer while minimizing side effects, and increased the response rate in metastatic endometrial cancer. Therapy of metastatic bladder cancer with doxorubicin-cisplatin was made more tolerable by this same circadian approach resulting in a 57% objective response rate. This optimally timed therapy is also effective in the adjuvant setting, decreasing the expected frequency of metastasis from locally advanced bladder cancer. Circadian fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) continuous infusion (70% of the daily dose given between 15:00h and 21:00h) has been shown effective for metastatic renal cell carcinoma resulting in 29% objective response and stable disease of more than 1 yr duration in the majority of patients. Toxicity is reduced markedly when FUDR infusion is modulated to circadian rhythms. In a multicenter trial in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer, patients were randomized to a flat or a circadian-modified FUDR infusion. This study confirmed a significant difference in toxicity and dose intensity, favoring the circadian-modified group. Hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer has been treated with circadian-timed FUDR chemotherapy; however, without objective response. Biological agents such as interferon-alpha and IL-2 have shown low but effective disease control in metastatic renal cell cancer, however, with much toxicity. Each of these cytokines shows circadian stage dependent toxicity and efficacy in model systems. In summary, the timing of anthracycline, platinum, and fluoropyrimidine-based drug therapies during the 24h is relevant to the toxic therapeutic ratio of these agents in the treatment of gynecologic and genitourinary cancers.
Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Reaction of Alcohol Coupling to Ethers (2002)

A propanesulfonic acid-derivatized mesoporous SBA-15 catalyst was synthesized, characterized in terms of surface properties, and shown to have high selectivities for alcohol coupling to form ethers, specifically from methanol and isobutanol coupling to form methyl isobutyl ether with no detectable formation of butenes at temperatures <400 K. Kinetic analysis was consistent with competitive adsorption of the two alcohols onto Brønsted acid sites, with isobutanol being more strongly adsorbed on the acid sites than the methanol.
Dynamic Scanning Electromagnetic Infrared Thermographic Analysis Based on Blind Source Separation for Industrial Metallic Damage Evaluation (2018)

In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and small area of existing eddy current thermography industrial nondestructive testing, this work realizes in-field-of-view (FOV) dynamic scanning eddy current pulsed thermography (DSECPT) with the help of blind source separation (BSS) algorithms for continuous detection of large-scaled industrial components. The principle of FOV-DSECPT, including finite-length inductive heating of mobile coil, the reconstruction of transient temperature response, and feature extraction, is investigated. The original thermal images cannot be used for depth analysis; thus, new data reconstruction method with good adaptivity for manual movement was proposed. The emerging BSS algorithms, including independent component analysis and nonnegative matrix factorization, are employed to process the reconstructed data. Through experimental studies, images using various features from classical and BSS algorithms were compared. The proposed FOV-DSECPT could provide a visualized and effective means for quality control and inspection of large-scaled key components in both manufacturing and service processes.
Effect of Sea Buckthorn Berries and Pulp in a Liquid Emulsion on Gastric Ulcer Scores and Gastric Juice pH in Horses (2012)

SeaBuck SBT Gastro-Plus liquid fed to horses did not show efficacy in treatment or prevention of naturally occurring nonglandular ulcers in horses; however, glandular ulcer scores were significantly lower in SBT-treated horses after feed deprivation. Thus, SBT might have efficacy in prevention of glandular ulcers in horses housed in stalls and undergoing intermittent feeding.
A new manufacturing control system using Mahalanobis distance for maximising productivity (2002)

Primary productivity in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, which includes cycle time, cost and production, depends to a great extent on the capability of manufacturing administrators (MA), particularly with regard to the critical trade-off between cycle time and tool utilization. The Mahalanobis distance (MD) has significance in pattern recognition, and we have found a method to make use of the MD as the core of a manufacturing control system. By using this system, we can easily distinguish deviations from normality in respect of productivity, specify the root cause of the abnormality and decide how to prioritize the problem. As a result, we can efficiently concentrate limited resources on the root cause in the absence of a capable MA, and restore productivity on a minimum timescale.
The Sequential Generation of $D$-Optimum Experimental Designs (1970)

It is possible to obtain convergence to a $D$-optimum measure, as defined by Kiefer and Wolfowitz, by successively adding points to a given initial experimental design. The points added correspond to points of maximum variance of the usual least squares estimate of the response mean for the particular regression model at each stage. A new bound is given for the generalized variances involved and an example is worked out.
Remote Sensing Contributions to the Scale Issue (1999)

RÉSUMÉAu cours de la dernière décennie, le problème d'échelle a attiré l'attention d'un nombre croissant de chercheurs de diverses disciplines. Il a été fortement suggéré qu'une science de l'échelle soit établie. Alors qu'il est largement reconnu que la télédétection peut apporter une contribution significative au problème d'échelle, très peu d'études ont été menées dans le but de synthétiser le travail déjà accompli et suggérer de futures directions de recherche. Cet article propose un cadre conceptuel à travers lequel les principales contributions de la télédétection au problème d'échelle sont revues. Les données de télédétection sont présentées comme un cas particulier du problème des unités spatiales modifiables. Il est ensuite décrit comment les solutions proposées au problème des unités spatiales modifiables ont été et peuvent être appliquées dans le contexte de la télédétection afin d'investiguer les différentes composantes du problème d'échelle. Finalement, le rôle important de la télédétection dans le développement d'une science de l'échelle est souligné.
Comparative Analysis of African and Asian Lineage-Derived Zika Virus Strains Reveals Differences in Activation of and Sensitivity to Antiviral Innate Immunity (2019)

In recent years, Asian lineage Zika virus (ZIKV) strains emerged to cause pandemic outbreaks associated with a high rate of congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZVS). The reasons for the enhanced spread and severe disease caused by newly emerging strains are not fully understood. Here we compared viral sequences, viral replication, and innate immune signaling induction of three different ZIKV strains derived from African and Asian lineages and West Nile virus, another flavivirus. We found pronounced differences in activation of innate immune signaling and inhibition of viral replication across ZIKV strains. The newly emerged Asian ZIKV strain Brazil Fortaleza 2015, which is associated with a higher rate of neurodevelopmental disorders like microcephaly, induced much weaker and delayed innate immune signaling in infected cells. However, superinfection studies to assess control of innate immune signaling induced by Sendai virus argue against an active block of IRF3 activation by the Brazilian strain of ZIKV and rather suggest an evasion of detection by host cell pattern recognition receptors. Compared to the Asian strain FSS13025 isolated in Cambodia, both ZIKV Uganda MR766 and ZIKV Brazil Fortaleza appear less sensitive to the interferon-induced antiviral response. ZIKV infection studies of cells lacking the different RIG-I-like receptors identified RIG-I as the major cytosolic pattern recognition receptor for detection of ZIKV.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Zika Virus (ZIKV), discovered in 1947, is divided into African and Asian lineages. Pandemic outbreaks caused by currently emerging Asian lineage strains are accompanied by high rates of neurological disorders and exemplify the global health burden associated with this virus. Here we compared virological and innate immunological aspects of two ZIKV strains from the Asian lineage, an emerging Brazilian strain and a less-pathogenic Cambodian strain, and the prototypic African lineage ZIKV strain from Uganda. Compared to the replication of other ZIKV strains, the replication of ZIKV Brazil was less sensitive to the antiviral actions of interferon (IFN), while infection with this strain induced weaker and delayed innate immune responses <i>in vitro</i> Our data suggest that ZIKV Brazil directs a passive strategy of innate immune evasion that is reminiscent of a stealth virus. Such strain-specific properties likely contribute to differential pathogenesis and should be taken into consideration when choosing virus strains for future molecular studies.
An improved reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method to study apolipoprotein gene expression in Caco-2 cells. (1994)

We report a method for the detection and analysis of apolipoprotein B mRNA using the thermostable enzyme rTth to perform coupled reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification. This method, which is at least a 100-fold more sensitive than traditional RT-PCR, was used to examine elements of apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene expression in Caco-2 cells. A region of apoB mRNA spanning the edited site was amplified from pre- and postconfluent Caco-2 cells both under different growth conditions and following alterations in exogenous lipid flux to determine changes in posttranscriptional editing. Apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) mRNA levels were examined in the same samples. The results suggest that apoB mRNA editing increases in Caco-2 cells during growth but this response is more variable than previously reported. Additionally, evidence was found for differential editing of the 14 kb and 7 kb transcripts. By contrast, there was a consistent growth-related increase in apoA-IV mRNA abundance. Neither apoB mRNA editing nor apoA-IV mRNA abundance was modulated in postconfluent cells in response to different combinations of exogenous lipid. This method should facilitate the study of apolipoprotein gene expression in Caco-2 cells and other situations where the target RNA is limited either as a result of low abundance or limiting tissue sample size.
Purification and Characterization of Aminopeptidase B from Escherichia coli K-12 (2001)

Aminopeptidase B, which is one of the four cysteinylglycinases of Escherichia coli K-12, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and its enzymatic characteristics were observed. Aminopeptidase B was activated by various divalent cations such as Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, and Cd2+, and lost its activity completely on dialysis against EDTA. This indicates that aminopeptidsase B is a metallopeptidase. It was stabilized against heat in the presence of Mn2+ or Co2+. The activity of aminopeptidase B, which was saturated with one of above divalent cations, was enhanced on the addition of a very small amount of a second divalent cation. Alpha-glutamyl p-nitroanilide, leucine p-nitroanilide, and methionine p-nitroanilide were good substrates for aminopeptidase B, while native peptides, cysteinylglycine and leucylglycine, were far better substrates. The kcat/Km for cysteinylglycine was much bigger than those for leucylglycine or leucine p-nitroanilide.
GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME (1998)

BACKGROUND- Guillain-Barré syndrome (CBS) is a clinically defined syndrome leading to acute flaccid paralysis, which is attributed to an autoimmune process that targets cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, and spinal roots. Since its description more than 80 years ago, the concept of GBS has evolved into a heterogeneous syndrome. SUMMARY- This article gives an outline of the natural history and typical clinical presentation of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. It also covers the axonal forms of GBS, including acute motor axonal neuropathy, acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, and Fisher's syndrome. The systemic clinico-pathologic study of early GBS cases from northern China has confirmed the existence of axonal variants and enhanced understanding of the underlying immune mechanisms. Much attention is currently focused on the preceding infection with Campylabacter jejuni and the concept of molecular mimicry to explain the immunopathogenesis for the various forms of GBS. Mortality from GBS has been reduced 10-fold by improvements in modern critical care. Two equally effective immunomodulatory therapies (plasma exchange and intravenous human immunoglobulin) have proven benefit in terms of shortening recovery times. CONCLUSION- This review is intended to provide an up-to-date account of GBS and its clinical management.
The Human Trypanolytic Factor: A Drug Shaped Naturally (2010)

African trypanosomes are responsible for sleeping sickness in man and nagana in cattle, which are both tremendous health burdens in Africa. Most African trypanosome species are killed by human serum. This is due to a serum trypanolytic particle specific of some old world monkeys and great apes, an HDL subclass containing two proteins which appeared recently in mammalian evolution, apolipoprotein L1 and haptoglobin related protein. Nevertheless, two African trypanosome species, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense are able to infect humans, because they developed resistance to trypanolysis. Resistance to human serum in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is due to a single gene called SRA. This mechanism of lysis-resistance is therefore an example of a natural drug-antidote system which evolved during a pathogen-host arms race. The lysis and resistance mechanisms, their molecular components as well as their mode of action are reviewed. I also discuss how components of the system would be suitable drug targets and how the system could be engineered to generate an effective synthetic drug.
An In Vivo Model for Monitoring Trans-Differentiation of Bone Marrow Cells into Functional Hepatocytes (2003)

The plasticity of bone marrow cells (BMCs) remains controversial. The present study found that persistent injury induces efficient trans-differentiation of BMCs into functional hepatocytes. Mice with liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride were injected with 1 x 10(5) non-treated green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive BMCs via the tail vein. In these mice, transplanted GFP-positive BMCs efficiently migrated into the peri-portal area of liver lobules after one day, repopulating 25% of the recipient liver by 4 weeks. In contrast, no GFP-positive BMCs were detected following transplantation into control mice with undamaged livers. BMCs trans-differentiated into functional mature hepatocytes via immature hepatoblasts. Serum albumin levels were significantly elevated to compensate for chronic liver failure in BMC transplantation. These results reveal that recipient conditions and microenvironments represent key factors for successful cell therapy using BMCs.
Broadband Nonlinear Optical Response of Graphene Dispersions (2009)

A series of unoxidized and defect-free graphene dispersions with large populations of single and multilayer graphenes is prepared by employing high-yield exfoliation of graphene in the liquid phase. The graphene dispersions exhibit broadband optical limiting at 532 and 1064 nm. Nonlinear scattering, originated from the thermally induced solvent bubbles and microplasmas, is responsible for this nonlinear behavior.