gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D bioactive composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (2017)

Bone is the second most commonly transplanted tissue worldwide, with over four million operations using bone grafts or bone substitute materials annually to treat bone defects. However, significant limitations affect current treatment options and clinical demand for bone grafts continues to rise due to conditions such as trauma, cancer, infection and arthritis. Developing bioactive three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to support bone regeneration has therefore become a key area of focus within bone tissue engineering (BTE). A variety of materials and manufacturing methods including 3D printing have been used to create novel alternatives to traditional bone grafts. However, individual groups of materials including polymers, ceramics and hydrogels have been unable to fully replicate the properties of bone when used alone. Favourable material properties can be combined and bioactivity improved when groups of materials are used together in composite 3D scaffolds. This review will therefore consider the ideal properties of bioactive composite 3D scaffolds and examine recent use of polymers, hydrogels, metals, ceramics and bio-glasses in BTE. Scaffold fabrication methodology, mechanical performance, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and potential clinical translations will be discussed.
“Orgies of Gesticulation”? Pedigree and Performance Codes in Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson's and Ruggero Ruggeri's Silent Films of<i>Hamlet</i> (2006)

This paper examines two silent feature films of Hamlet—one English, one Italian. Hepworth and Plumb's film starring Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson was made in 1913 for Gaumont. Rodolfi's film starring Ruggero Ruggeri was made in 1917 for Rodolfi-Film. Both actors had already been celebrated for their stage Hamlets and the films are inscribed in markedly different ways with the legacy of those earlier stage productions. As part of considering this legacy, I examine the relationship of each actor to the Shakespearean words necessarily excised from the filmic performance and of each to a set of inherited pantomimic performance codes. The English film is more widely known, exhibited, and discussed than the Italian film. In this paper I suggest that its network of extra-textual associations (theatrical, English socially prestigious) may have proved as beguiling as its particular filmic attributes. I use a comparison of the divergent critical fates of these films as the spur to discussing the marketing, profile, and trends of critical reception for material that equivocates tellingly about its intended market and medium allegiances.
A Novel Role of the Sp/KLF Transcription Factor KLF11 in Arresting Progression of Endometriosis (2013)

Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of young, reproductive-aged women. Disease associated pelvic pain; infertility and sexual dysfunction have a significant adverse clinical, social and financial impact. As precise disease etiology has remained elusive, current therapeutic strategies are empiric, unfocused and often unsatisfactory. Lack of a suitable genetic model has impaired further translational research in the field. In this study, we evaluated the role of the Sp/KLF transcription factor KLF11/Klf11 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. KLF11, a human disease-associated gene is etiologically implicated in diabetes, uterine fibroids and cancer. We found that KLF11 expression was diminished in human endometriosis implants and further investigated its pathogenic role in Klf11-/- knockout mice with surgically induced endometriotic lesions. Lesions in Klf11-/- animals were large and associated with prolific fibrotic adhesions resembling advanced human disease in contrast to wildtype controls. To determine phenotype-specificity, endometriosis was also generated in Klf9-/- animals. Unlike in Klf11-/- mice, lesions in Klf9-/- animals were neither large, nor associated with a significant fibrotic response. KLF11 also bound to specific elements located in the promoter regions of key fibrosis-related genes from the Collagen, MMP and TGF-β families in endometrial stromal cells. KLF11 binding resulted in transcriptional repression of these genes. In summary, we identify a novel pathogenic role for KLF11 in preventing de novo disease-associated fibrosis in endometriosis. Our model validates in vivo the phenotypic consequences of dysregulated Klf11 signaling. Additionally, it provides a robust means not only for further detailed mechanistic investigation but also the ability to test any emergent translational ramifications thereof, so as to expand the scope and capability for treatment of endometriosis.
Melatonin for the prevention and treatment of jet lag (2002)

: Melatonin is remarkably effective in preventing or reducing jet-lag, and occasional short-term use appears to be safe. It should be recommended to adult travellers flying across five or more time zones, particularly in an easterly direction, and especially if they have experienced jet-lag on previous journeys. Travellers crossing 2-4 time zones can also use it if need be. The pharmacology and toxicology of melatonin needs systematic study, and routine pharmaceutical quality control of melatonin products must be established. The effects of melatonin in people with epilepsy, and a possible interaction with warfarin, need investigation.
Optically efficient free-space folded perfect shuffle network (1991)

A light-efficient folded perfect shuffle network is described. Two-dimensional (2-D) raster encoding of the processing element nodes is used to accommodate large arrays with simple imaging optics. The network uses 2-D arrays of lenslets and prisms to correct for magnification and replication losses. Simulation results show the required prism arrays to be of low complexity and suggest that the network is tolerant to imperfections in the prism parameters.
Working with SparkR (2018)

In the previous chapter, we discussed the fundamental concepts of Spark MLlib. We also discussed the machine learning algorithms with implementation.
Methods for Measurement of Solid Particles in Hydrocarbon Flow Streams (2012)

Abstract Sand production is one of the more critical issues causing delays and high costs to the petroleum production industry. To measure solid production in the hydrocarbon stream a number of sand monitors have been developed. Such monitors are installed in the flow line and are intended to provide information such as the onset of solid production or the amount of produced solids. Most sand monitors are based on the measurement of erosion due to impingement of sand particles or measuring ultrasonic signals generated by particle impacts on the pipe wall or piezoelectric elements. Having described the principal behind available monitors in the industry, capabilities and limitation of each type is explained in Part 1. Part 2 is comprised of a literature review carried out on the techniques which have the potential to be utilised in new generations of solids monitors. The principles of such methods as well as their advantages and disadvantages for solids monitoring applications are mentioned. In Part 3 subjects such as improving the data quality and data interpretation of current techniques, integration of available techniques into a single piece of equipment, and ranking of the most promising cases which are worthy of further investigation are discussed.
Comparative Study of the Degradation Behavior of Mechanically Mixed and Chemically Precipitated Biphasic Calcium Phosphates (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Saturation germ line mutagenesis of the murine t region including a lethal allele at the quaking locus. (1988)

The proximal region of mouse chromosome 17 contains many genes affecting embryonic development, germ cell differentiation, and the immune system. Although the study of natural variation, including t haplotypes, has yielded some information about the function of these genes, spontaneous variants often exhibit manifold genetic effects and are generally not carried on inbred backgrounds. To clearly connect phenotypes with the actions of individual genes, mutants in which genes are altered singly are needed. Therefore, we used a highly efficient point mutagen, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, in combination with classical breeding schemes to induce and identify recessive lethal mutations in the t region. Of 350 mutagenized gametes examined, at least 10 independent recessive embryonic lethal mutations have been identified; an additional two are perinatal lethals. A spontaneous brachyury mutation, TWis, arose on a genetic background that permits high-resolution mapping of the induced recessive mutations against cloned DNA sequences from the t region. One lethal mutation is an allele at the quaking locus. The multiple alleles of quaking and the feasibility of high-resolution mapping permit investigation of the pleiotropic action of this locus in mammalian development.
Whispering gallery modes in a conical resonator (2009)

A conical closed resonator with perfectly conducting walls is considered. The eigenmodes of the resonator are determined in the first order of perturbation theory, in which the cone angle is a small quantity. A semiclassical approximation is constructed for an arbitrary cone angle; it is shown that the spectrum of whispering gallery modes in this approximation differs insignificantly from the eigenmode spectrum of a cylindrical cavity even for a large cone angle.
Introduction (2010)

On 20 November 1968 the West German national and international radio broadcaster Deutsche Welle transmitted a programme entitled ‘The Camp’ (Das Lager). It was introduced by the continuity announcer with the following: Announcer: This is with its programme ‘The Political Feature’. Nearly two-and-a-half decades have passed since the terrible events in the concentration camps during the National Socialist era. For the victims, the effects and memories of them are, nevertheless, a living and everyday presence. In connection with the current trials regarding the Auschwitz concentration camp, Siegurt Guthmann talked to former inmates and recounts this in his report ‘The Camp’. The programme itself uses the format of a serious public service broadcast ‘feature’ which combines interviews and spoken narrative around a number of themes, loosely held together by a short history of the Auschwitz concentration and death camp and the then Third Auschwitz Trial in Frankfurt/Main, starting with the account of one of the first Polish prisoners to arrive in Auschwitz, Miroslav Zalevski. Through simultaneous translation Zalevski remembers being told that the only way out of the camp was through the chimney, but can also recall the inscription (in German) above the kitchen block which read ‘There is one way to freedom, its milestones are obedience, truthfulness, following the path of duty, diligence, sacrifice, cleanliness and love of the fatherland’,2 which, the narrator adds, was just one of the many cynical inscriptions of the SS camp guards — the best known one being ‘Arbeit macht frei’ (work makes you free) above the main gate.
Varicelloviruses avoid T cell recognition by UL49.5-mediated inactivation of the transporter associated with antigen processing (2005)

Detection and elimination of virus-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes depends on recognition of virus-derived peptides presented by MHC class I molecules. A critical step in this process is the translocation of peptides from the cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Here, we identified the bovine herpesvirus 1-encoded UL49.5 protein as a potent inhibitor of TAP. The expression of UL49.5 results in down-regulation of MHC class I molecules at the cell surface and inhibits detection and lysis of the cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. UL49.5 homologs encoded by two other varicelloviruses, pseudorabies-virus and equine herpesvirus 1, also block TAP. Homologs of UL49.5 are widely present in herpesviruses, acting as interaction partners for glycoprotein M, but in several varicelloviruses UL49.5 has uniquely evolved additional functions that mediate its participation in TAP inhibition. Inactivation of TAP by UL49.5 involves two events: inhibition of peptide transport through a conformational arrest of the transporter and degradation of TAP by proteasomes. UL49.5 is degraded along with TAP via a reaction that requires the cytoplasmic tail of UL49.5. Thus, UL49.5 represents a unique immune evasion protein that inactivates TAP through a unique two-tiered process.
A stable plasmid vector and control of its copy number in Bacillus brevis 47, a protein-producing bacterium (1985)

A low-copy-number plasmid vector, pHY481, was constructed by combining a macrolide resistance gene of a Staphylococcus aureus plasmid with a cryptic plasmid found in a Bacillus brevis strain isolated from soil. The plasmid introduced into B. brevis 47, an extensively investigated protein-producing bacterium, was maintained very stably in the absence of selective antibiotics. A Bacillus megaterium alpha-amylase gene subcloned into pHY481 was retained much more stably in B. brevis 47 than one subcloned into a plasmid of S. aureus origin. B. brevis 47 mutants were also isolated in which the copy number of pHY481 was amplified about 10-fold. The copy number of pHY481 with the inserted amylase gene also increased in the mutants. As a result, a severalfold-higher amount of the enzyme was produced in the mutants compared with that produced in wild-type B. brevis 47. Thus, the plasmid vector constructed here and the copy-number mutants of B. brevis 47 are useful for cloning foreign genes and performing genetic engineering in the protein-producing bacterium.
The Art of Sharing the Diagnosis and Management of Alzheimer’s Disease With Patients and Caregivers (2010)

Diagnosis and management of AD by PCPs, utilizing specialist consultation as needed, may contribute to earlier diagnosis and treatment, improved doctor-patient and doctor-caregiver communication, increased attention to caregiver needs, and better clinical and quality-of-life outcomes for patients and caregivers. A set of expert panel recommendations describing practical strategies for achieving these goals was successfully developed.
MEMS-Based Dual-Axes Confocal Microendoscopy (2009)

We demonstrate a miniature, near-infrared microscope (λ = 785 nm) that uses a novel dual axes confocal architecture. Scalability is achieved with post-objective scanning, and a MEMS mirror provides real time (>4 Hz) in vivo imaging. This instrument can achieve sub-cellular resolution with deep tissue penetration and large field of view. An endoscope-compatible version can image digestive tract epithelium to guide tissue biopsy and monitor therapy.
Developing Physician Communication Skills For Patient-Centered Care (2010)

Growing enthusiasm about patient-centered medical homes, fueled by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's emphasis on improved primary care, has intensified interest in how to deliver patient-centered care. Essential to the delivery of such care are patient-centered communication skills. These skills have a positive impact on patient satisfaction, treatment adherence, and self-management. They can be effectively taught at all levels of medical education and to practicing physicians. Yet most physicians receive limited training in communication skills. Policy makers and stakeholders can leverage training grants, payment incentives, certification requirements, and other mechanisms to develop and reward effective patient-centered communication.
The synthesis of novel phosphonodipeptides and their herbicidal activity (1993)

Abstract A series of novel phosphonodipeptides has been synthesized from diphenyl α‐aminoalkylphosphonates and N‐chloroacetyl‐N‐alkyl (or aryl)glycine ethyl esters. The structures of all the compounds prepared were proved by 1 H NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analyses. The bioassay tests showed that some of the compound have good herbicidal activity.
Decomposition of surface EMG signals from cyclic dynamic contractions (2014)

Over the past 3 decades, various algorithms used to decompose the electromyographic (EMG) signal into its constituent motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) have been reported. All are limited to decomposing EMG signals from isometric contraction. In this report, we describe a successful approach to decomposing the surface EMG (sEMG) signal collected from cyclic (repeated concentric and eccentric) dynamic contractions during flexion/extension of the elbow and during gait. The increased signal complexity introduced by the changing shapes of the MUAPs due to relative movement of the electrodes and the lengthening/shortening of muscle fibers was managed by an incremental approach to enhancing our established algorithm for decomposing sEMG signals obtained from isometric contractions. We used machine-learning algorithms and time-varying MUAP shape discrimination to decompose the sEMG signal from an increasingly challenging sequence of pseudostatic and dynamic contractions. The accuracy of the decomposition results was assessed by two verification methods that have been independently evaluated. The firing instances of the motor units had an accuracy of ∼90% with a MUAP train yield as high as 25. Preliminary observations from the performance of motor units during cyclic contractions indicate that during repetitive dynamic contractions, the control of motor units is governed by the same rules as those evidenced during isometric contractions. Modifications in the control properties of motoneuron firings reported by previous studies were not confirmed. Instead, our data demonstrate that the common drive and hierarchical recruitment of motor units are preserved during concentric and eccentric contractions.
High-affinity binding site for a group II intron-encoded reverse transcriptase/maturase within a stem–loop structure in the intron RNA (2004)

Mobile group II introns encode proteins that have reverse transcriptase and maturase activities and bind specifically to the intron RNA to promote both RNA splicing and intron mobility. Previous studies with the Lactococcus lactis Ll.LtrB intron showed that the intron-encoded protein (LtrA) has a high-affinity binding site in intron subdomain DIVa, an idiosyncratic structure containing the translation initiation region of the LtrA open reading frame, and that this binding site consists of a small stem-loop emanating from a purine-rich internal loop. The binding of LtrA to DIVa is important for translational regulation, RNA splicing, and intron mobility. Here, we show by in vitro selection that part of the purine-rich internal loop can be closed by base pairing, enabling the LtrA binding site to be represented as an extended stem-loop structure with a bulged A (A556) required for tight binding of LtrA. The deletion or pairing of A556 has relatively little effect on maturase-promoted RNA splicing, but significantly inhibits intron mobility. The wild-type DIVa structure has a second bulged A (A553), which is selected against in tightly binding variants. As expected from the selection, the deletion or pairing of A553 results in tighter binding of LtrA, but surprisingly, also inhibits intron mobility. These findings suggest that the binding of LtrA to DIVa is delicately balanced, so that either too weak or too tight binding can be deleterious. The nature of the maturase/DIVa interaction and its role in translational regulation are reminiscent of the coat protein/RNA hairpin interactions of single-stranded RNA phages.
Evaluation of layered media Green's functions via rational function fitting (2004)

An efficient rational function fitting methodology, called VECTFIT, is utilized toward the closed-form evaluation of the Sommerfeld integrals associated with electromagnetic Green's functions in planar layered media. VECTFIT approximates the component of the spectrum of the Green's function that remains after the extraction of the primary source contribution and the quasistatic part with a rational function, thus enabling a robust and expedient closed-form evaluation of the Sommerfeld integral for electromagnetic potentials and associated field quantities.
Synthesis of Oligosaccharides on Soluble High-Molecular-Weight Branched Polymers in Combination with Purification by Nanofiltration (2003)

[structure: see text] An efficient approach for polymer-supported oligosaccharide synthesis is described whereby branched and high-molecular-weight PEG derivatives are used in combination with purification by nanofiltration. This methodology was applied to the preparation of a tetraglucoside and the tumor-associated antigen Le(x).
All-metal metamaterial slow-wave structure for high-power sources with high efficiency (2015)

In this paper, we have proposed a metamaterial (MTM) which is suitable for the compact high-power vacuum electron devices. For example, an S-band slow-wave structure (SWS) based on the all-metal MTMs has been studied by both simulation and experiment. The results show that this MTM SWS is very helpful to miniaturize the high-power vacuum electron devices and largely improve the output power and the electronic efficiency. The simulation model of an S-band MTM backward wave oscillator (BWO) is built, and the particle-in-cell simulated results are presented here: a 2.454 GHz signal is generated and its peak output power is 4.0 MW with a higher electronic efficiency of 31.5% relative to the conventional BWOs.
Immunoturbidimetric method for routine determinations of apolipoproteins A-I and B (1991)

A simple immunoturbidimetric method for quantifying apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and B in serum or plasma is described. A special reagent formulation, including large amounts of suitable detergents, obviates the need for a sample blank even with grossly lipemic specimens. The assay is rapid, easily automated, and thus convenient for routine work. For both apo A-I and apo B, the assay range is about 0.2-3.5 g/L. The performance characteristics were assessed with discrete (Optimate and Olli CD) and centrifugal analyzers (Cobas Fara and IL Monarch 2000). Average analytical recovery was 101.5% for apo A-I and 99.4% for apo B. Dilution tests showed found/expected ratios of 101.2% (apo A-I) and 101.0% (apo B). Overall precision (CV) ranged from 1.4% to 3.3% for apo A-I and from 1.1% to 8.3% for apo B. Comparisons with commercially available rate nephelometry, radial immunodiffusion, and immunoturbidimetric methods gave good correlations (r greater than or equal to 0.938). Using the immunoturbidimetric method, we also established the relationships between apolipoproteins and lipids and determined the reference intervals. We conclude that the proposed method is suitable for routine use in clinical laboratories.