gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorine effect on boron diffusion: chemical or damage? (2002)

It is known that boron transient enhanced diffusion (TED) is influenced by the existence of fluorine. This paper further investigates this phenomenon by separating the damage effect of fluorine from the chemical effect of fluorine. To accomplish this goal, a /sup 20/Ne/sup +/ implant with equivalent energy and dose was selected to simulate the fluorine damage (F has an amu of 19). Three types of samples were investigated. First was a 5 keV BF/sub 2/ implant. The second sample created the same damage profile but the B and F implants were separated using a 1.94 keV 2e15 F/sup +/ followed by 1.2 keV 1e15 B/sup +/ implant. The third sample used a 2 keV 1.8e15 Ne/sup +/ implant to create the amorphous layer followed by a 1.2 keV 1e15 B/sup +/ implant. All three implant sets were then subjected to the same rapid thermal annealing conditions (RTA) between 950/spl deg/C and 1050/spl deg/C for 10 sec in a controlled 300 ppm O/sub 2/ in N/sub 2/ ambient. It was found that F/sup +/ plus B/sup +/ resulted in the least amount of B diffusion with /spl Delta/Xj=20 /spl Aring/ at 950/spl deg/C and 100 /spl Aring/ at 1050/spl deg/C, BF/sub 2//sup +/ and Ne/sup +/ plus B/sup +/ implants showed /spl Delta/Xj>100 /spl Aring/ for all temperatures. Damage behavior was also studied by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The defect structure of F+B implant is similar to that of Ne+B implant and different from the BF/sub 2/ implant. Results indicate that the chemical effect of fluorine on boron diffusion dominates over the implant damage effect.
Comparison of chick embryo liver and vero cell cultures for the isolation and growth of avian reoviruses (1988)

Twenty-two strains of avian reovirus, all of which had had several passages in avian embryonic cell cultures, produced CPE in Vero cells after 1 to 3 passages. However, even after five blind passages, reoviruses were not isolated in Vero cells from faecal or joint material already shown to contain reovirus by ' chick embryo liver (CELi) passage. Growth characteristics of CELi- or Vero-adapted reovirus strain R2 were compared. Even after 15 passages in Vero cells, strain R2 still replicated in CELi cells, and higher titres of virus were detected when CELi cells rather than Vero were used to titrate virus. The results indicated that Vero cells were unsuitable for the isolation of avian reoviruses from field material.
Gas Turbine Sand and Dust Effects and Protection Methods (1970)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The development and application of sand and dust protection devices for the Lycoming gas turbine engine are discussed. A brief history of the erosion problem is given, and solutions such as separators, screens, casing inserts, and coatings are evaluated with regard to their contribution to the extension of engine operating life. Engine wear and erosion characteristics are described and field experience with protective devices is presented.</div>
Interactive Tag Maps and Tag Clouds for the Multiscale Exploration of Large Spatio-temporal Datasets (2007)

'Tag clouds' and 'tag maps' are introduced to represent geographically referenced text. In combination, these aspatial and spatial views are used to explore a large structured spatio-temporal data set by providing overviews and filtering by text and geography. Prototypes are implemented using freely available technologies including Google Earth and Yahoo! 's Tag Map applet. The interactive tag map and tag cloud techniques and the rapid prototyping method used are informally evaluated through successes and limitations encountered. Preliminary evaluation suggests that the techniques may be useful for generating insights when visualizing large data sets containing geo-referenced text strings. The rapid prototyping approach enabled the technique to be developed and evaluated, leading to geovisualization through which a number of ideas were generated. Limitations of this approach are reflected upon. Tag placement, generalisation and prominence at different scales are issues which have come to light in this study that warrant further work.
A 10-Bit Folded Multi-LSB Decided Resistor String Digital to Analog Converter (2006)

A 10-bit folded multi-LSB decided resistor string DAC is presented. The proposed circuits uses the LSBs of the input digital words to decide the output voltage, which can significantly reduce the number of unit resistors up to 75% compared with the traditional resistor string DAC. The measured results show that the INL is less than 0.73 LSB and the maximum DNL is 0.26 LSB. The active chip area is less than 0.25 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>
Highly integrated millimeter-wave passive components using 3-D LTCC system-on-package (SOP) technology (2005)

In this paper, we demonstrate the development of advanced three-dimensional (3-D) low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) system-on-package (SOP) passive components for compact low-cost millimeter-wave wireless front-end modules. Numerous miniaturized easy-to-design passive circuits that can be used as critical building blocks for millimeter-wave SOP modules have hereby been realized with high-performance and high-integration potential. One miniaturized slotted-patch resonator has been designed by the optimal use of vertical coupling mechanism and transverse cuts and has been utilized to realize compact duplexers (39.8/59 GHz) and three- and five-pole bandpass filters by the novel 3-D (vertical and parallel) deployment of single-mode patch resonators. Measured results agree very well with the simulated data. One multiplexing filter, called the directional channel-separation filter, that can also be used in mixer applications shows insertion loss of <3 dB over the bandpass frequency band and a rejection /spl sim/25 dB at around 38.5 GHz over the band-rejection section. LTCC fabrication limitations have been overcome by using vertical coupling mechanisms to satisfy millimeter-wave design requirements. Lastly, a double-fed cross-shaped microstrip antenna has been designed for the purpose of doubling the data throughput by means of a dual-polarized wireless channel, covering the band between 59-64 GHz. This antenna can be easily integrated into a wireless millimeter-wave link system.
A power-harvesting pad-less mm-sized 24/60GHz passive radio with on-chip antennas (2014)

A wireless-powered pad-less single-chip dual-band mm-wave passive radio is implemented in 65nm CMOS for applications in sensor networks and wireless tagging. This fully self-sufficient system has no pads or external components (e.g. power supply), and the entire radio is a single 3.7mm × 1.2mm chip. To provide multi-access, and to mitigate interference, it uses two separate mm-wave bands for RX/TX and integrates both antennas to provide a measured communication range of 50cm. Compared to mm-sized passive radio solutions in the same category this system provides an order of magnitude range enhancement while improving input sensitivity by >14dB. Wideband pulse transmission enables real-time localization with time-of-flight. The entire system operates with standby harvested power below 1.5µW and aggregate rate >12Mbps.
Low-gas-pressure cable (1939)

DURING the past several years the company with which the writer is associated has been conducting an extensive research and engineering study of the possibilities of high-voltage cable utilizing gas as a pressure medium. The purpose has been to develop a practical cable system of this type and determine its best field of usefulness from an engineering and economic standpoint. The results of this work to date will be outlined in the present paper.
Labile conformation of type 2 Cu<sup>2+</sup> centres in human ceruloplasmin (1991)

1. The investigation of human ceruloplasmin by spectral methods (EPR and spectrophotometry) demonstrated that type 2 Cu2(+)-containing centres occur not in one, but in two stable forms, differing in EPR and optical spectra. The differential optical spectra of these forms were recorded and the differences in molar absorption coefficients determined. 2. By the EPR method, it was shown that both forms of these centres exist in the blood serum of control donors, as well as in the serum of patients. The relative content of these forms depends on the organism physiological state or on the presence of some pathological condition. 3. The ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin against hemoglobin was proved spectrophotometrically. The involvement of other serum proteins in this process cannot be ruled out. The conformational state of ceruloplasmin molecules plays an essential role in its oxidase activity.
Analytical separations using polymetric surfactants (2005)

The goal of the research presented in this dissertation is to develop effective analytical methods for the separation of both achiral and chiral analytes using polymeric surfactants. Three analytical techniques are employed to accomplish this objective: open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC), open-tubular capillary electrochromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (OT-CEC/MS), and micellar affinity gradient focusing (MAGF). This research work presents novel application of polymeric surfactants that contributes to improved separations of difficult to separate analytes. The first part focuses on the application of an achiral polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coating using OT-CEC. The PEM coating consisting of the cationic polymer poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PDADMAC, and the anionic polymeric surfactant poly (sodium undecenyl sulfate), poly-SUS, is constructed on the surface of the silica capillary wall. The performance of the PEM coating is evaluated by use of electrochromatographic experiments and shows good selectivity for both phenols and benzodiazepines. Reproducibility of the PEM coating is evaluated by computing the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the electroosmotic flow. The second part focuses on the use of a chiral PEM for OT-CEC separations. In this study, the cationic polymer consists of poly-L-lysine hydrobromide, while the anionic polymeric surfactant consists of poly (sodium N-undecenyl-L-leucine alanate). Optimal separation conditions of various chiral analytes are achieved by varying temperature and voltage as well as the number of bilayers and salt concentration used to construct the PEM coating. In the third part, the coupling of an achiral PEM coated capillary to mass spectrometry using OT-CEC/MS is investigated. The PEM coating, which consists of a single bilayer of PDADMAC and poly-SUS, is used for the separation of â-blocker and benzodiazepine analytes. Optimal separation parameters are achieved by varying the background electrolyte pH and applied voltage. Finally, the application of poly-SUS for the simultaneous concentration and separation of coumarin dyes using MAGF is investigated. The separation and focusing of coumarin dyes is enhanced by the addition of poly-SUS into the running buffer that creates a retention gradient. The effect of varying focusing times and input concentrations on peak intensity is examined.
The Lombard effect: a reflex to better communicate with others in noise (1999)

To study the Lombard (1911) reflex, more realistic databases representing real-world conditions need to be recorded and analyzed. In this paper we (1) summarize a procedure to record Lombard data which provides a good approximation of realistic conditions, (2) present an analysis per class of sounds for duration and energy of words recorded while subjects are listening to noise through open-ear headphones (a) when speakers are in communication with a recognition device and (b) when reading a list, and (3) report on the influence of speaking style on speaker dependent and speaker-independent experiments. This paper extends a previous study aimed at analyzing the influence of the communication factor on the Lombard reflex. We also show evidence that it is difficult to separate the speaker from the environment stressor (in this case the noise) when studying the Lombard reflex. The main conclusion of our pilot study is that the communication factor should not be neglected because it strongly influences the Lombard reflex.
[Spontaneous growth of girls with Turner's syndrome until 6 years of age]. (2006)

We have demonstrated that body mass and length of Turner newborns were normal in relation to gestational age. Only in about 5% of newborns a simultaneous length and weight deficit exceeded -2 SD, and that deficit was attributed to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). In clinical practice, newborns without documented decrease in foetal growth rate, but having a pronounced body length deficit, are diagnosed as IUGR-afflicted. Since simultaneous body length and mass deficits were rare in our newborns, IUGR was regarded as unlikely in bringing about growth deficit in Turner girls. In about 1/5 of Turner newborns a weight or length deficit was found (19 and 1%, respectively). Since either of those deficits evidences intrauterine dystrophy (small for gestational age, SGA), the latter one should be considered much more frequent in TS than in the general population. Therefore, SGA appears to be one of the symptoms of TS and should thus be taken into account when explaining body mass and/or length deficit in female newborns. Growth disorders in foetuses with chromosomal aberrations typical of TS are, in all probability, as frequent as in those with normal both X-chromosomes.
Measurement and modeling of binaural loudness summation for hearing-impaired listeners (2014)

The summation of loudness across ears is often studied by measuring the level difference required for equal loudness (LDEL) of monaural and diotic sounds. Typically, the LDEL is ∼5-6 dB, consistent with the idea that a diotic sound is ∼1.5 times as loud as the same sound presented monaurally at the same level, as predicted by the loudness model of Moore and Glasberg [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 1604-1612 (2007)]. One might expect that the LDEL would be <5-6 dB for hearing-impaired listeners, because loudness recruitment leads to a more rapid change of loudness for a given change in level. However, previous data sometimes showed similar LDEL values for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. Here, the LDEL was measured for hearing-impaired listeners using narrowband and broadband noises centered at 500 Hz, where audiometric thresholds were near-normal, and at 3000 or 4000 Hz, where audiometric thresholds were elevated. The mean LDEL was 5.6 dB at 500 Hz and 4.2 dB at the higher center frequencies. The results were predicted reasonably well by an extension of the loudness model of Moore and Glasberg.
Pyrrole, pyrrolidine pyridine, piperidine, azepine and tropane alkaloids (1997)

D. O'Hagan, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1997, 14, 637 DOI: 10.1039/NP9971400637
Improved Compaction and Packing Properties of Naproxen Agglomerated Crystals Obtained by Spherical Crystallization Technique (2007)

Naproxen was crystallized from acetone-water in the presence of different concentrations of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC). Naproxen particles recrystallized in the presence of HPC exhibited an obvious improvement in their packing, flow, and mechanical properties compared to naproxen recrystallized in the absence of the polymer (control particles). The results showed that the particle size distributions of the treated samples were broader than those obtained when HPC was absent. The agglomerates produced in the presence of 0.25% HPC displayed superior flow characteristics (displaying both a low angle of repose and Carr index) in comparison to samples produced in the presence of other concentrations of HPC. This was attributed to the spherical shape and smooth surface, since the area of contact in the powder bed for spherical agglomerates was smaller than that for other crystal shapes. However it was found that the tensile strength of tablets with the particles isolated in the presence of 1% HPC was increased to a greater extent than tablets produced using the spherical particles. Generally, the tensile strengths of the tablets increased with increasing concentrations of HPC present in the crystallization medium. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction studies showed that naproxen particles, crystallized in the presence of HPC did not undergo structural modifications.
THE STRUCTURE OF GLIOTOXIN (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE STRUCTURE OF GLIOTOXINMalcolm R. Bell, John R. Johnson, Bernard S. Wildi, and R. B. WoodwardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 4, 1001Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01537a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01537a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views483Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rho-ROCK-LIMK-Cofilin Pathway Regulates Shear Stress Activation of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins (2003)

Previous studies have shown that integrin activation and fluid shear stress can modulate the activity of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) in vascular endothelial cells. We investigated the role of small GTPase Rho-mediated signal transduction pathway in this mode of SREBP activation. Fluid shear stress activates the Rho downstream effectors ROCK, LIM kinase (LIMK), and cofilin. The various negative mutants of RhoA, ROCK, LIMK, and cofilin can block the shear stress activation of SREBPs. The shear stress-activated SREBP depends on S2P proteases but not caspase-3. Mechanistically, the endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport of SREBP cleavage-activating protein requires the actin-based cytoskeleton and is enhanced by the Rho-ROCK-LIMK-cofilin pathway. By enhancing the SREBP-mediated cholesterol metabolism, this unique mechanism may contribute to endothelial cell functions under flow.
Stochastic unit commitment problem (2003)

Abstract The electric power industry is undergoing restructuring and deregulation. We need to incorporate the uncertainty of electric power demand or power generators into the unit commitment problem. The unit commitment problem is to determine the schedule of power generating units and the generating level of each unit. The objective is to minimize the operational cost which is given by the sum of the fuel cost and the start‐up cost. In this paper we propose a new algorithm for the stochastic unit commitment problem which is based on column generation approach. The algorithm continues adding schedules from the dual solution of the restricted linear master program until the algorithm cannot generate new schedules. The schedule generation problem is solved by the calculation of dynamic programming on the scenario tree.
Nonaqueous phase liquid transport and cleanup: 2. Experimental studies (1988)

An analysis of the movement of nonaqueous liquids such as organic solvents and gasoline in part 1 (Hunt et al., this issue) showed that separate phase liquids are not completely displaced by groundwater flow under typical pumping conditions and that removal of the compounds by dissolution is mass transfer limited. Steam displacement was proposed as a more efficient cleanup strategy for separate phase organic liquids present in porous media. This paper presents the results of a series of laboratory sand column experiments designed to confirm the theoretical analyses presented in part 1 (Hunt et al., this issue). Experiments with trichloroethylene, a benzene‐toluene mixture, and a commercial gasoline, showed that water flow at rates as high as 15 m d −1 could not displace the separate phase liquids when present in a sand matrix in quantities corresponding to a column average saturation of 2.5%. Steam injection, on the other hand, displaced the contaminants as a separate phase just ahead of the steam front, producing a concentrated, small‐volume waste stream. Analysis of the laboratory data consisting of pressure gradients, temperature profiles, and water flow velocities shows that the laboratory results are consistent with the theoretical predictions. Moreover, computations of energy requirements show that steam displacement of separate phase contaminants is economically attractive.
High-power VCSELs: single devices and densely packed 2-D-arrays (1999)

We report on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and laser arrays providing high output powers in the 980-nm wavelength regime. Extensive investigations on size scaling behavior of single top- and bottom-emitting devices concerning fundamental electrooptical and thermal properties show limits of attainable output characteristics. Maximum experimentally achieved continuous-wave (CW) optical output powers at room temperature are 180 and 350 mW for top- and bottom-emitting VCSELs, respectively. Detailed analysis on the thermal interaction between closely spaced elements have been carried out to describe the thermally induced power limitations of two-dimensional arrays. Fabricated heat sunk bottom-emitting arrays of 23 elements and 40-/spl mu/m aperture size of individual elements show output powers of 0.56 W CW at room temperature and 0.8 W actively cooled, resulting in 0.33 kW/cm/sup 2/ and 0.47 kW/cm/sup 2/ maximum spatially averaged optical power density, respectively.
Nanoparticles for Cultural Heritage Conservation: Calcium and Barium Hydroxide Nanoparticles for Wall Painting Consolidation (2010)

Nanotechnology provides new concepts and materials for the consolidation and protection of wall paintings. In particular, humble calcium and barium hydroxide nanoparticles offer a versatile and highly efficient tool to combat the main degradation processes altering wall paintings. Clear example of the efficacy and potentiality of nanotechnology is represented by the conservation in situ of Maya wall paintings in the archaeological area in Calakmul (Mexico).
Kininostatin Associates With Membrane Rafts and Inhibits αvβ3 Integrin Activation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (2007)

D5 binds to ECs via membrane rafts and downregulates alpha(v)beta3 integrin bidirectional signaling and the downstream Rac1 activation pathway.