gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Genome-Wide Scan in Families With Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (2003)

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous single gene disorder characterized by non-insulin-dependent diabetes, an early onset and autosomal dominant inheritance. Mutations in six genes have been shown to cause MODY. Approximately 15-20% of families fitting MODY criteria do not have mutations in any of the known genes. These families provide a rich resource for the identification of new MODY genes. This will potentially enable further dissection of clinical heterogeneity and bring new insights into mechanisms of beta-cell dysfunction. To facilitate the identification of novel MODY loci, we combined the results from three genome-wide scans on a total of 23 families fitting MODY criteria. We used both a strict parametric model of inheritance with heterogeneity and a model-free analysis. We did not identify any single novel locus but provided putative evidence for linkage to chromosomes 6 (nonparametric linkage [NPL]score 2.12 at 71 cM) and 10 (NPL score 1.88 at 169-175 cM), and to chromosomes 3 (heterogeneity LOD [HLOD] score 1.27 at 124 cM) and 5 (HLOD score 1.22 at 175 cM) in 14 more strictly defined families. Our results provide evidence for further heterogeneity in MODY.
Unambiguous profilometry by fringe-order identification in white-light phase-shifting interferometry (1997)

Abstract This paper proposes a white-light phase-shifting method for interferometry, in which the absolute phase of each point is measured individually. During the axial scanning of the sample, eight phase-shifted intensities are recorded, while the fringe visibility is maximum. A seven-point algorithm, which compensates for the variation in the fringe visibility due to the coherence envelope, allows the computation of the relative phase. Then, the absolute phase is computed from this relative phase, the piezoelectric transducer (PZT) position at the beginning of the data recording and from the fringe order. The fringe order is deduced from the evolution of the fringe envelope between two consecutive PZT positions and from the computed relative phase. This method allows unambiguous profilometry with a nanometric resolution by using a phase-shifting method. Furthermore, both the necessary storage memory and the computation time can be significantly reduced by comparing with already-demonstrated white-light profilers working in the same resolution range.
ANN Based Forecasting of VBR Video Traffic for Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation in ATM Networks (1993)

Two time delay neural network (TDNN) based forecasting systems are proposed to perform dynamic bandwidth reservation for real-time, variable bit rate (VBR) video service in ATM networks. Both multilayered perceptron (MLP) and pi-sigma network (PSN) based systems are found to give highly reliable predictions even in a nonstationary environment. Their performance is quantified through simulation experiments on clippings from the movie, &quot;Star Wars&quot;. In particular, the PSN-TDNN based dynamic bandwidth reservation achieves high network utilization, loss-free transmission and reasonable delay, and its lower computational requirements make it suitable for on-line operation. keywords: ATM network, real-time VBR video, dynamic bandwidth allocation, time delay neural network, pi-sigma network, forecasting. 1 Introduction Future broadband integrated services digital networks (B-ISDN) will support a wide range of services including voice, data, video and other modalities in an integrated and un...
CCCCXXVII.—Attempts to find new antimalarials. Part VII. Quinoline compounds having in the 4-position a side chain containing two or more nitrogen atoms (1931)

W. O. Kermack and J. F. Smith, J. Chem. Soc., 1931, 3096 DOI: 10.1039/JR9310003096
On the front line (2003)

STAFF ARE our most valuable asset. But do we have the information, skills, processes and culture to make the most of it? What is clear is that there is no single 'big bang' approach to the challenge of turning rhetoric into reality but rather a series of steps that lead to a coherent strategy with demonstrable results.
Generalization of LRU Cache Replacement Policy with Applications to Video Streaming (2019)

Caching plays a crucial role in networking systems to reduce the load on the network and is commonly employed by content delivery networks (CDNs) to improve performance. One of the commonly used mechanisms, Least Recently Used (LRU), works well for identical file sizes. However, for asymmetric file sizes, the performance deteriorates. This article proposes an adaptation to the LRU strategy, called gLRU, where the file is sub-divided into equal-sized chunks. In this strategy, a chunk of the newly requested file is added in the cache, and a chunk of the least-recently-used file is removed from the cache. Even though approximate analysis for the hit rate has been studied for LRU, the analysis does not extend to gLRU, since the metric of interest is no longer the hit rate as the cache has partial files. This article provides a novel approximation analysis for this policy where the cache may have partial file contents. The approximation approach is validated by simulations. Further, gLRU outperforms the LRU strategy for a Zipf file popularity distribution and censored Pareto file size distribution for the file download times. Video streaming applications can further use the partial cache contents to help the stall duration significantly, and the numerical results indicate significant improvements (32%) in stall duration using the gLRU strategy as compared to the LRU strategy. Furthermore, the gLRU replacement policy compares favorably to two other cache replacement policies when simulated on MSR Cambridge Traces obtained from the SNIA IOTTA repository.
Apparatus for Histological Validation of In Vivo and Ex Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Prostate (2017)

This article describes apparatus to aid histological validation of magnetic resonance imaging studies of the human prostate. The apparatus includes a 3D-printed patient-specific mold that facilitates aligned <i>in vivo</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> imaging, <i>in situ</i> tissue fixation, and tissue sectioning with minimal organ deformation. The mold and a dedicated container include MRI-visible landmarks to enable consistent tissue positioning and minimize image registration complexity. The inclusion of high spatial resolution <i>ex vivo</i> imaging aids in registration of <i>in vivo</i> MRI and histopathology data.
Technique for closure of the small patent ductus arteriosus using the rashkind occluder (1988)

Percutaneous transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus has become a clinically viable procedure in childhood due to the pioneering work of Rashkind and Mullins. Presented is a modification of the technique to accomplish catheter closure in the small ductus arteriosus.
In vitro and ribosome-bound folding intermediates of P22 tailspike protein detected with monoclonal antibodies. (1994)

It remains unclear whether polypeptide chains renaturing in vitro from strong denaturants proceed through the same folding pathway as chains released from ribosome within cells. Folding intermediates formed both in vivo and in vitro have been examined using three monoclonal antibodies shown previously to recognize different epitopes of the native P22 tailspike protein (Friguet, B., Djavadi-Ohaniance, L., Haase-Pettingell, C. A., King J., and Goldberg, M. E. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 10347-10351). The tailspike protein was reconstituted from polypeptide chains unfolded by urea as described by Fuchs et al. (Fuchs, A., Seiderer, C., and Seckler, R. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 6598-6604), and the appearance of immunoreactive forms during the refolding was monitored. The three antibodies discriminated intermediates at different stages in the folding pathway. On the basis of the reconstitution pathway determined from spectroscopic and hydrodynamic measurements by Fuchs et al. (1991), monoclonal antibody (mAb) 236-3 recognized partially folded monomers, mAb 155-3 recognized folded protomers in a protrimer species, and mAb 33-2 recognized the native trimer. The kinetics of appearance of the immunoreactive forms during the in vitro refolding of the protein in crude extracts of phage-infected cells was similar to that observed with the pure tailspike. Thus, the antibodies provided probes for the chain folding and association pathway in vivo. The conformation of the ribosome-bound tailspike polypeptide chains of the infected cells was analyzed with the three antibodies. The antibodies recognizing native trimer and the protrimer did not bind chains associated with the ribosomes. Antibody 236-3, which recognized structured monomers in vitro, bound to the polypeptide chains still associated with ribosomes. This result suggests that steps that take place in solution during in vitro refolding may occur in a ribosome-bound state in vivo.
Hypoxia in cartilage: HIF-1α is essential for chondrocyte growth arrest and survival (2001)

Breakdown or absence of vascular oxygen delivery is a hallmark of many common human diseases, including cancer, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The chief mediator of hypoxic response in mammalian tissues is the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), and its oxygen-sensitive component HIF-1alpha. A key question surrounding HIF-1alpha and the hypoxic response is the role of this transcription factor in cells removed from a functional vascular bed; in this regard there is evidence indicating that it can act as either a survival factor or induce growth arrest and apoptosis. To study more closely how HIF-1alpha functions in hypoxia in vivo, we used tissue-specific targeting to delete HIF-1alpha in an avascular tissue: the cartilaginous growth plate of developing bone. We show here the first evidence that the developmental growth plate in mammals is hypoxic, and that this hypoxia occurs in its interior rather than at its periphery. As a result of this developmental hypoxia, cells that lack HIF-1alpha in the interior of the growth plate die. This is coupled to decreased expression of the CDK inhibitor p57, and increased levels of BrdU incorporation in HIF-1alpha null growth plates, indicating defects in HIF-1alpha-regulated growth arrest occurs in these animals. Furthermore, we find that VEGF expression in the growth plate is regulated through both HIF-1alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In particular, we provide evidence that VEGF expression is up-regulated in a HIF-1alpha-independent manner in chondrocytes surrounding areas of cell death, and this in turn induces ectopic angiogenesis. Altogether, our findings have important implications for the role of hypoxic response and HIF-1alpha in development, and in cell survival in tissues challenged by interruption of vascular flow; they also illustrate the complexities of HIF-1alpha response in vivo, and they provide new insights into mechanisms of growth plate development.
A comparison between frequency hopping and direct spread pn as antijam techniques (1983)

FREQUENCY Hopping (FH) and Direct Spread Pseudonoise (PN) are the signal processing techniques most often used to achieve an antijam capability. However, comparisons between the techniques in order to determine relative superiority have often been marred in the past by one-sided defenses of one technique or the other. In this paper, an unbiased and comprehensive comparison between the two techniques is presented. The comparison is based on the premise that neither technique is categorically superior, and compares the relative merit of the two techniques for each of a number of issues relevant to antijam systems. By noting both the important issues for a particular application and the relative performance of the two techniques for those important issues, support can be provided for the process of selecting the appropriate technique.
Development of surface myoelectric sensor for myoelectric hand prosthesis (2006)

This paper proposes a compact-sized surface myoelectric sensor for myoelectric hand prosthesis. To fit the surface myoelectric sensor in the socket of the myoelectric hand prosthesis, the sensor should be a compact size. The surface myoelectric sensor is composed of a skin interface and a single processing circuit that are mounted on a single package. Since the skin interface has one reference and two input electrodes, and the reference electrode is located in the middle of two input electrodes, we propose two types of sensors with the circle- and bar-shaped reference electrode, but all input electrodes are the bar-shaped. The metal material used for the electrodes is the stainless steel (SUS440) that endures sweat and wet conditions. The inter-electrode distance (lED) between two input electrodes is selected as 18mm, 20mm, and 22 mm taking into consideration conduction velocity and median frequency of the myoelectric signal,. The signal processing circuit consists of a differential amplifier with band pass filter, a band rejection filter for rejecting 60Hz power-line noise, amplifiers, and a mean absolute value circuit. The proposed sensor from the output characteristics is evaluated according to the IED and the shape of the reference electrode. The experimental results are shown that the surface myoelectric sensor with the 18mm IED and the bar-shaped reference electrode is suitable for the myoelectric hand prosthesis.
Factors influencing immune response after <i>in vivo</i> retrovirus‐mediated gene transfer to the liver (2004)

Our present results suggest that both supernatant contamination and viral spreading contribute to immune response after retrovirus-mediated gene delivery to the liver.
Dynamics of Fat Cell Turnover in Humans (2008)

In most countries today, obesity is increasing at an almost epidemic rate and creating a considerable public health problem by elevating the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. It is possible that, as a result, life expectancy will begin to decline in developed countries; this would be the first such occurrence in recent history. Factors that influence fat mass in adulthood remain incompletely understood, but increased lipid storage in predeveloped fat cells, or adipocytes, is accepted as a major determinant of fat mass in adults. The number of fat cells is constant in both lean and obese adults, even after marked weight loss, suggesting that the number of adipocytes is set in childhood and the adolescent years. It has not been established, however, whether or not the number of adipocytes changes in adulthood. To clarify the dynamics of the seemingly stable population of adipocytes in adults, the investigators measured adipocyte turnover by analyzing the integration of 14C derived from nuclear bomb tests into genomic DNA. Approximately 10% of fat cells were found to renew themselves each year at all adult ages, independently of the body mass index. Early-onset obesity does not alter either adipocyte death nor the adipocyte generation rate. This suggests tight regulation of the number of fat cells in adults with this disorder. The relatively high turnover of adipocytes in early-onset obesity may provide a new target for its pharmacological management. The key will be to understand, at a molecular level, the feedback mechanisms that control adipocyte turnover.
Infection Due to<i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i>and<i>Haemophilus aphrophilus</i> (1966)

OVER a period of ten years the laboratory responsible for the identification of miscellaneous types of bacteria at the Communicable Disease Center received 63 strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and 83 strains of Haemophilus aphrophilus. The cultural and serologic studies of 67 of these strains have been the subject of a previous report.1 These organisms are seldom encountered and infrequently identified even when isolated. Although seemingly unrelated by generic designation, they are in fact closely related and frequently confused. It is unlikely that any physician would be able to collect a comparable number of cases of either infection to report. For . . .
Lymphoid-affiliated genes are associated with active histone modifications in human hematopoietic stem cells (2008)

To address the role of chromatin structure in the establishment of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) multilineage potential and commitment to the lymphoid lineage, we have analyzed histone modifications at a panel of lymphoid- and myeloid-affiliated genes in multipotent and lineage-committed hematopoietic cells isolated from human cord blood. Our results show that many B- and T-lymphoid genes, although silent in HSCs, are associated with acetylated histones H3 and H4. We also detected histone H3 lysine 4 methylation but not repressive lysine 9 or 27 methylation marks at these loci, indicative of an open chromatin structure. Interestingly, the relative level of H3 lysine 4 dimethylation to trimethylation at B-specific loci was high in multipotent CD34(+)CD38(lo) progenitors and decreased as they become actively transcribed in B-lineage cells. In vitro differentiation of CD34(+) cells toward the erythroid, granulocyte, and T-cell lineages resulted in a loss of histone acetylation at nonlineage-associated genes. This study provides evidence that histone modifications involved in chromatin decondensation are already in place at lymphoid-specific genes in primary human HSCs, supporting the idea that these genes are "primed" for expression before lineage commitment. This permissive chromatin structure is progressively lost as the stem cell differentiates.
Method of freeway incident detection using wireless positioning (2008)

It is essential to improve the performance of incident detection system in order to minimize the effect of incidents. A new method of incident detection was brought forward in this paper based on an in-car terminal which consists of GPS module, GSM module and control module as well as some optional parts such as airbag sensors, CPS module, etc. A driver or vehicle initiating an alarm report would be automatically located by GPS, CPS or both, followed by zooming in with a closed-circuit television (CCTV) to confirm the accident. An information feed- back mode was put forward to stimulate driverpsilas reporting propensity. Finally, feasible means to improve DR (detection rate), TTD (time to detect) and FAR (false alarm rate) was described after t analyzing the detection performance.
Superhydrophobic Silica Thin Films Prepare by Sol-Gel Process for Antistiction of MEMS Devices (2007)

Based on the theory of superhydrophobicity for low surface energy coatings, we describe a superhydrophobic antistiction silica coating for MEMS devices. The process uses a novel sol-gel process sequence with a eutectic liquid as a templating agent. The eutectic liquid displays negligible vapor pressure and very low melting point (12degC at ambient conditions) to reduce solvent loss during the high speed spincoating process. After a fluoroalkyl silane treatment, superhydrophobicity is achieved on the as-prepared silica thin film. The solvent can be extracted after the gelation and aging processes. Spin speed effect, eutectic liquid:TEOS ratio in the solution were studied in order to optimize the surface roughness to ensure excellent super-hydrophobicity. Comparison of the silica thin films with silicon pillar surfaces showed that superhydrophobicity for the traditional sol-gel derived silica films demonstrated significant improvement, especially under humid conditions. The AFM force curve obtained with a tipless probe showed that the interaction force is greatly reduced on a rough silica superhydrophobic surface. This result offers great potential to reduce stiction failures in MEMS devices.
In vivo Retinal Fluorescence Imaging With Curcumin in an Alzheimer Mouse Model (2020)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain detectable by highly invasive <i>in vivo</i> brain imaging or in post-mortem tissues. A non-invasive and inexpensive screening method is needed for early diagnosis of asymptomatic AD patients. The shared developmental origin and similarities with the brain make the retina a suitable surrogate tissue to assess Aβ load in AD. Using curcumin, a FluoroProbe that binds to Aβ, we labeled and measured the retinal fluorescence <i>in vivo</i> and compared with the immunohistochemical measurements of the brain and retinal Aβ load in the APP/PS1 mouse model. <i>In vivo</i> retinal images were acquired every 2 months using custom fluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (fSLO) after tail vein injections of curcumin in individual mice followed longitudinally from ages 5 to 19 months. At the same time points, 1-2 mice from the same cohort were sacrificed and immunohistochemistry was performed on their brain and retinal tissues. Results demonstrated cortical and retinal Aβ immunoreactivity were significantly greater in Tg than WT groups. Age-related increase in retinal Aβ immunoreactivity was greater in Tg than WT groups. Retinal Aβ immunoreactivity was present in the inner retinal layers and consisted of small speck-like extracellular deposits and intracellular labeling in the cytoplasm of a subset of retinal ganglion cells. <i>In vivo</i> retinal fluorescence with curcumin injection was significantly greater in older mice (11-19 months) than younger mice (5-9 months) in both Tg and WT groups. <i>In vivo</i> retinal fluorescence with curcumin injection was significantly greater in Tg than WT in older mice (ages 11-19 months). Finally, and most importantly, the correlation between <i>in vivo</i> retinal fluorescence with curcumin injection and Aβ immunoreactivity in the cortex was stronger in Tg compared to WT groups. Our data reveal that retina and brain of APP/PS1 Tg mice increasingly express Aβ with age. <i>In vivo</i> retinal fluorescence with curcumin correlated strongly with cortical Aβ immunohistochemistry in Tg mice. These findings suggest that using <i>in vivo</i> fSLO imaging of AD-susceptible retina may be a useful, non-invasive method of detecting Aβ in the retina as a surrogate indicator of Aβ load in the brain.
Mechanistic Studies of Ethylene and α-Olefin Co-Oligomerization Catalyzed by Chromium–PNP Complexes (2012)

To explore the possibility of producing a narrow distribution of mid- to long-chain hydrocarbons from ethylene as a chemical feedstock, co-oligomerization of ethylene and linear α-olefins (LAOs) was investigated, using a previously reported chromium complex, [CrCl(3)(PNP(OMe))] (1, where PNP(OMe) = N,N-bis(bis(o-methoxyphenyl)phosphino)methylamine). Activation of 1 by treatment with modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) in the presence of ethylene and 1-hexene afforded mostly C(6) and C(10) alkene products. The identities of the C(10) isomers, assigned by detailed gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses, strongly support a mechanism that involves five- and seven-membered metallacyclic intermediates comprising of ethylene and LAO units. Using 1-heptene as a mechanistic probe, it was established that 1-hexene formation from ethylene is competitive with formation of ethylene/LAO co-trimers, and that co-trimers derived from one ethylene and two LAO molecules are also generated. Complex 1/MMAO is also capable of converting 1-hexene to C(12) dimers and C(18) trimers, albeit with poor efficiency. The mechanistic implications of these studies are discussed and compared to previous reports of olefin co-trimerization.
4‐Hydroxy‐2‐cyclopenten‐1‐one aus Ketonen und 3‐Nitropropionylchlorid. Eine einfache Methode zum Aufbau von Fünfringen (1977)

Eine neue Cyclopentenonsynthese geht von Ketonen ( 1 ) und 3‐Nitropropionylchlorid aus. Keine der vielen bekannten Methoden zum Aufbau von Fünfringen nach dem Schema C 3 + C 2 liefert Derivate mit dem gleichen Funktionalitätsmuster wie ( 2 ) und ( 3 ). magnified image