gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Fractured Reservoir Modeling Using Both Discrete and Continuum Approaches (2000)

Abstract A new approach that combines the use of continuum and discrete fracture modeling methods has been developed. The approach provides the unique opportunity to constrain the fractured models to all existing geologic, geophysical, and engineering data, and hence derive conditioned discrete fracture models. Such models exhibit greater reality, since the spatial distribution of fractures reflects the underlying drivers that control fracture creation and growth. The modeling process is initiated by constructing continuous fracture models that are able to capture the underlying complex relationships that may exist between fracture intensity (defined by static measures, such as fracture count, or dynamic measures, such as hydrocarbon production), and many possible geologic drivers (e.g. structure, thickness, lithology, faults, porosity). Artificial intelligence tools are used to correlate the multitude of geologic drivers with the chosen measure of fracture intensity. The resulting continuous fracture intensity models are then passed to a discrete fracture network (DFN) method. The current practice in DFN modeling is to assume fractures are spatially distributed according to a stationary Poisson process, simple clustering rules, or controlled by a single geologic driver. All these approaches will in general be overly simplistic and lead to unreliable predictions of fracture distribution away from well locations. In contrast, the new approach determines the number of fractures in each grid-block, based on the value of the fracture intensity provided by the continuous model. As a result, the discrete fracture models honor all the geologic conditions reflected in the continuous models and exhibit all the observed fracture features. The conditioned DFN models are used to build a realistic and detailed model of flow in discrete conduits. There are two main areas where detailed discrete fracture models can be used: (1) Upscaling of fracture properties (permeability, porosity and σ factor) for input into reservoir simulators; and (2) Optimization of well-design, completion and operation based on an understanding of the inter-well scale flows. For accurate results, the full permeability tensor is calculated for each grid-block based on flow calculations using generalized linear boundary conditions. Inter-well flows are analyzed in terms of the variability in flow paths, characterized by distance and time traveled, through the fracture network connecting injectors and producers.
Structure of the pheromone peptide of the <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis agr</i> system (1998)

The agr quorum-sensing system is responsible for the regulation of several virulence factors in staphylococci, with an extracellular pheromone peptide as signalling molecule. By monitoring the biological activity of synthetic peptides, it could be demonstrated that the pheromone of the agr system in Staphylococcus epidermidis is an octapeptide containing a thiolester linkage between the central cysteine and the C-terminal carboxyl group. The peptide was active at nanomolar concentrations. The N-terminus of the peptide pheromone, which is encoded as part of a protein precursor, proved to be crucial for biological activity.
The Use of Pressure Fluctuations on the Nose of an Aircraft for Measuring Air Motion (1983)

An air-motion sensing technique is described for measurement of attack and sideslip angles and dynamicpressure. The sensing probe consists of an array of five pressure holes in the standard radome of a twin-jetresearch aircraft. Comparisons are made with air motion measurements (angle of attack and dynamic pressure) obtained from a conventional differential pressure flow angle sensor at the tip of a nose boom 1.5fuselage diameters ahead of the aircraft body. The results indicate that the radome system works well downto scale sizes slightly larger than the fuselage diameter. (Finer scale measurements were limited by pressuretransducer response.) An insitu calibration technique is described for the determination of the empiricalradome angle-pressure difference sensitivity factor k, as a function of aircraft Mach number. The value ofk, so determined at low Mach numbers, is in approximate agreement with that calculated for potential flowfor a spherical radome. The in-situ technique applied to the conventional nose boom sensor indicates thatthe value of k based on wind tunnel calibrations may not apply for the present installation. The time response of the conventional pressure system on the NCAR Sabreliner twin-jet aircraft is estimated on the basis of an in-flight comparison between the conventional pressure probe and a fast-responsegust probe flown together on a nose boom. Comparison of the power spectra of the conventional and radomeangles of attack for a traverse in boundary-layer turbulence indicates that the response of the radome systemis superior to the conventional system due to the shorter pressure lines that can be used.
A blind adaptive decorrelating detector for CDMA systems (2002)

The decorrelating detector is known to eliminate multiaccess interference given that the signature sequences of the users are linearly independent, at the cost of enhancing the Gaussian receiver noise. In this paper, we present and study the convergence of a blind adaptive decorrelating detector which is based on the observation of the available statistics. The algorithm is iterative and distributed. Only two parameters are needed for the construction of the receiver filter of a user: the user's signature sequence and the variance of the white Gaussian receiver noise. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm per iteration is linear in the number of users.
Injection of polymer solutions in producing wells (1973)

Laboratories and field studies were conducted using partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solutions to reduce water permeability and increase oil production. Two sandstone and one carbonate cores when injected with WC-500 (Calgon Corp.) polymer showed that the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide will reduce water permeabilities but will have very little effect on oil permeabilities. The carbonate core did not exhibit as great a reduction in water flow capacity as did the sandstone--four-fold versus fifteen-fold. Field tests conducted in three producing wells located in three different areas of the Clay City consolidated field in south central Illinois--one well in a carbonate reservoir and two in two different sandstones--showed a decrease in water production by about 100 barrels per day, a 50-foot reduction in fluid levels over the pumps, and a small increase in oil production that lasted for four or five months.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Thymidine Monophosphate Kinase Inhibitors: Biological Evaluation and Conformational Analysis of 2′‐ and 3′‐Modified Thymidine Analogues (2003)

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidine monophosphate kinase (TMPKmt) has recently been introduced as a potential target for the structure‐based design of anti‐tuberculosis drugs. Based on the TMPKmt X‐ray structure and previous S.A.R. studies, we synthesised the nucleoside analogues 3a − b , 6a − b , 7a − b , and 8a − b , modified in 2′‐ and 3′‐position of the ribofuranose ring moiety. To our surprise, these analogues showed only moderate binding affinity (i.e. K i between 118 and 1260 μ M ). This prompted us to investigate the conformational features of these nucleosides. We concluded that compounds of this series, especially 8a − b , are strongly biased towards the “Northern” furanose ring conformation, whereas X‐ray crystallography reveals a preference of TMPKmt for the opposite “Southern” conformers. This paper covers the synthesis, biological evaluation and conformational features (i.e. preferred ring puckering) of the 2′‐ and 3′‐modified dT analogues. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
The Area of Debate (1972)

THIRTY years ago the place of the state in the nineteenth-century British economy was a subject presenting few problems to the student of economic history. The few textbooks available to the undergraduate offered interpretations notable for their unanimity, and the learned journals were largely empty of controversy. The nineteenth century was viewed as an age dominated, as least until its final quarter, by the principle and practice of laissez-faire expressed in terms both of economic ideas and of social policy. ‘The less government intervention there was in any sphere the better.’4
Indirect-driven self-sensing actuation for dualstage HDDs with improved robustness (2010)

An ever increasing need for data storage and a escalating demand of small computing machines have led to the de-velopment of Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) towards extremely high recording density and reduced form factors. The re-
Quasiparticle Chirality in Epitaxial Graphene Probed at the Nanometer Scale (2008)

Graphene exhibits unconventional two-dimensional electronic properties resulting from the symmetry of its quasiparticles, which leads to the concepts of pseudospin and electronic chirality. Here, we report that scanning tunneling microscopy can be used to probe these unique symmetry properties at the nanometer scale. They are reflected in the quantum interference pattern resulting from elastic scattering off impurities, and they can be directly read from its fast Fourier transform. Our data, complemented by theoretical calculations, demonstrate that the pseudospin and the electronic chirality in epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) correspond to the ones predicted for ideal graphene.
AMnet: heterogeneous multicast services based on active networking (1999)

AMnet flexibly provides communication services inside the network. It is based on active networking and on a hardware/software codesign in order to improve efficiency. Group communication is explicitly addressed since it is an important paradigm for existing and emerging networked applications. The goal of the AMnet approach is the provision of scalable quality-based support for heterogeneous group communication. It uses so-called service modules for efficient and flexible service support within intermediate systems. This paper gives an overview of AMnet. The design of an AMnode as an active intermediate system with hardware-supported service capabilities is presented. Furthermore, a simple control and signalling suite for heterogeneous multicast services is proposed.
Altered distribution of copper (64Cu) in tumor-bearing mice and rats. (1986)

64Cu was injected in the form of CuCl2 either by subcutaneous or by intraperitoneal route, and its distribution inside different organs was analyzed in 5 different tumor models, 4 in mice and 1 in rats. In all organs tested (blood, liver, kidneys, spleen, intestine, muscle, and tumor) no significant differences were observed in the results obtained after either injection route. All tumors analyzed (Krebs ascite, intestinal Leiomyo sarcoma, human tumor, mammary adenocarcinoma, either spontaneous or chemically induced) contained a relatively high concentration of 64Cu. For all tumor models tested, the 64Cu distribution was altered as compared with that of the corresponding control animals.
POLAR/CEPPAD Data Analysis (2001)

This a report on the Comprehensive Energetic Particle Pitch Angle Distribution (CEPPAD) experiment of POLAR. Dr. Baker has been active in the design and calibration of the CEPPAD sensors and is now heavily involved in the analysis and interpretation of the data. Baker and his team have developed analysis and data display software and continue to support all aspects of the CEPPAD program.
Mechanical properties of hand‐cast and reaction injection molded polyurethane and vinyl ester resin interpenetrating polymer networks (1997)

Abstract A series of simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks (SINs) composed of polyurethane (PU) and vinyl ester resin (VER) was prepared from different rigid phase components, where the pendent hydroxyl groups of VER were retained or capped, and through different molding processes, i.e., hand‐casting or reaction injection molding (RIM). It was recognized that the occurrence of chemical binding between PU and VER networks through the reaction of the diisocyanate and the pendent hydroxyl groups of VER played an important role in determining the mechanical properties of these SINs. The hand‐cast SINs, with VER containing pendent hydroxyl groups as the rigid phase component and with these pendent hydroxyl groups counted for the metering of diisocyanate besides that due to polyether polyol and chain extender of PU phase, behaved like the hybrid polyester matrix. For the RIM‐molded SIN samples, an obvious reinforcing effect of VER network, whose pendent hydroxyl groups were capped with acetyl groups, upon PU network was observed. These results correlated well with the knowledge of polymerization kinetics and morphology development of these PU/VER SINs.
Robust Kalman Filtering for Signals and Systems with Large Uncertainties (1999)

A significant shortcoming of the state space control theory that emerged in the 1960s was its lack of concern for the issue of robustness. However, in the design of feedback control systems, robustnes
On the Stress Distribution at the Base of a Stationary Crack (1957)

Abstract In an earlier paper it was suggested that a knowledge of the elastic-stress variation in the neighborhood of an angular corner of an infinite plate would perhaps be of value in analyzing the stress distribution at the base of a V-notch. As a part of a more general study, the specific case of a zero-angle notch, or crack, was carried out to supplement results obtained by other investigators. This paper includes remarks upon the antisymmetric, as well as symmetric, stress distribution, and the circumferential distribution of distortion strain-energy density. For the case of a symmetrical loading about the crack, it is shown that the energy density is not a maximum along the direction of the crack but is one third higher at an angle ± cos−1 (1/3); i.e., approximately ±70 deg. It is shown that at the base of the crack in the direction of its prolongation, the principal stresses are equal, thus tending toward a state of (two-dimensional) hydrostatic tension. As the distance from the point of the crack increases, the distortion strain energy increases, suggesting the possibility of yielding ahead of the crack as well as ±70 deg to the sides. The maximum principal tension stress occurs on ±60 deg rays. For the antisymmetrical stress distribution the distortion strain energy is a relative maximum along the crack and 60 per cent lower ± 85 deg to the sides.
Three-dimensional microfabrication in negative resist using printed masks (2006)

We present a process based on contact printed shadow masks for three-dimensional microfabrication of soft and sensitive overhanging membranes in SU-8. A metal mask composed of a 50 nm thick gold and 20 nm thick chromium film is transferred onto unexposed SU-8 from an elastomer stamp made of polydimethylsiloxane. The mask transfer is mediated by the strong bonding of the reactive chromium surface to the SU-8 and the low adhesion of the gold surface to the rubber stamp. The printed mask is embedded into the negative resist by layering an additional SU-8 film on the top. The mask protects buried resist from subsequent UV exposure enabling monolithic fabrication of cavities in SU-8. Unlike direct evaporation–deposition of a mask onto the SU-8, printing avoids high stress and radiation, thus preventing resist wrinkling and prepolymerization. The effective fabrication of soft, 4 µm thick and 100 µm long cantilevers integrated into a microfluidic system is demonstrated. The process yields very flat and well-defined membrane surfaces, paving the way for three-dimensional fabrication of lab-on-a-chip devices with integrated fine filters and highly sensitive cantilevered probes, valves and pressure sensors useful in research and diagnostics.
Selecting the Optimal ERP Software by Combining the ISO 9126 Standard and Fuzzy AHP Approach (2006)

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software is one of costly and crucial projects for business investment. Due to the selection criteria of ERP software are numerous and fuzziness, selecting the optimal ERP software is a critical process in the early phase of an ERP project. This paper presents a practical procedure which combines both the ISO 9126 standard and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) approach to optimize the ERP selection problems. There are total 32 criteria sifted out which include 21 software quality criteria of ISO 9126 standard. Two practical cases which belong to different industries are applied to illustrate the practicality of the procedure, one is semiconductor manufacturing industry and another is chain store retailer service industry. We find that there are diverse weights for software quality criteria between these two industries. We also find that the cost issue and time issue are significantly important in both two cases. Keywords: ERP, Decision Making, ISO 9126 Standard, FAHP
Simultaneous intrastriatal and intranigral fetal dopaminergic grafts in patients with Parkinson disease: a pilot study (2002)

The main neural transplantation strategy in Parkinson disease (PD) has been focused on reinnervating the striatum. The clinical results reported in patients who receive transplants have been limited and do not justify the use of neural transplantation as a routine therapeutic procedure for PD. Identifying the optimal target for transplantation may be one of the critical factors for optimizing clinical outcomes. Evidence from preclinical studies indicates that simultaneous intrastriatal and intranigral grafts (double grafts) may produce a more complete functional recovery. The authors report the clinical and positron emission tomography (PET) scanning results in three patients enrolled in a safety and feasibility pilot study who received double grafts and who have been followed for up to 13 months posttransplantation. Patients included in the study had idiopathic PD. All patients underwent detailed assessments before and after surgery, in accordance with the Core Assessment Program for Intracerebral Transplantation. The patients received implants of fetal mesencephalic cell suspensions in the putamen and substantia nigra (SN) bilaterally. There were no intraoperative or perioperative complications. Follow-up PET scans demonstrated an increase in the mean fluorodopa uptake constant values in the putamen and SN 12 months postsurgery. Improvements were also noted in the total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Hoehn and Yahr, Schwab and England, and pronation/supination scores after transplantation. The authors demonstrate the feasibility of reinnervating the SN and striatum by using a double transplant strategy in humans.
Coaxial thin film transducers based on PZT (2003)

The results of the piezoelectric and acoustic experiments on thin films of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) coated coaxially on optical fibers with a gold or an aluminum thin jacket are presented. The PZT films are fabricated by sol-gel processing using dip coating. Coating lengths of 10-cm and film thicknesses up to 6 mu m have been achieved. The piezoelectricity is induced by electric poling. Potential applications in medical and inline fiber optical acousto-optic devices are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: UNCONVENTIONAL FRIEDEL‐CRAFTS ALKYLATIONS OF BENZENE WITH CYCLOALKANES ACTIVATED BY ALCOHOLS (1982)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Benzol (I) mit den Cycloalkanen (II) in Gegenwart der Alkohole (III) unter Friedel‐Crafts‐Bedingungen liefert die alkylierten Benzole (IV) und (V) neben den Alkanen (VII) und den Polyalkylbenzolen (VI).
Laser-powered Martian rover (1989)

Two rover concepts were considered: an unpressurized skeleton vehicle having available 4.5 kW of electrical power and limited to a range of about 10 km from a temporary Martian base and a much larger surface exploration vehicle (SEV) operating on a maximum 75-kW power level and essentially unrestricted in range or mission. The only baseline reference system was a battery-operated skeleton vehicle with very limited mission capability and range and which would repeatedly return to its temporary base for battery recharging. It was quickly concluded that laser powering would be an uneconomical overkill for this concept. The SEV, on the other hand, is a new rover concept that is especially suited for powering by orbiting solar or electrically pumped lasers. Such vehicles are visualized as mobile habitats with full life-support systems onboard, having unlimited range over the Martian surface, and having extensive mission capability (e.g., core drilling and sampling, construction of shelters for protection from solar flares and dust storms, etc.). Laser power beaming to SEV's was shown to have the following advantages: (1) continuous energy supply by three orbiting lasers at 2000 km (no storage requirements as during Martian night with direct solar powering); (2) long-term supply without replacement; (3) very high power available (MW level possible); and (4) greatly enhanced mission enabling capability beyond anything currently conceived.
Porphyrin molecules boost the sensitivity of epitaxial graphene for NH<sub>3</sub>detection (2016)

The sensitivity of quasi-free standing epitaxial graphene for NH<sub>3</sub> detection is strongly enhanced by chemical functionalization with cobalt porphyrins resulting in a detection limit well below 100 ppb. Hybridization between NH<sub>3</sub> and cobalt porphyrins induces a charge transfer to graphene and results in a shift of the graphene Fermi-level as detected by Hall measurements and theoretically explained by electronic structure calculations.
Orgasm is preserved regardless of ejaculatory dysfunction with selective α1A-blocker administration (2009)

We evaluated whether ejaculatory dysfunction induced with a selective alpha1A-blocker influenced orgasm. Fifteen healthy male volunteers took silodosin or a placebo in a randomized, double-blind crossover design. We investigated the ejaculatory volume before and after administration of the agents. After each ejaculation, participants self-reported the answers to an original questionnaire, which was about discomfort on ejaculation, orgasm and satisfaction with the discomforting ejaculation. All participants on silodosin had a complete lack of seminal emission and expulsion. All participants felt orgasm in spite of a complete lack of seminal emission. Of the 15, 12 (80%) who had a somewhat uncomfortable feeling during orgasm were dissatisfied with this feeling, although 9 of the 12 reported that its degree was mild. Orgasm is preserved regardless of the loss of seminal emission with silodosin administration. Although most participants reported mild discomfort during orgasm, they were greatly dissatisfied with the loss of seminal emission.
Histopathologic characterization of radioactive iodine‐refractory fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography‐positive thyroid carcinoma (2008)

Several observations can be made based on the results of the current study. The majority of metastases in patients with RAIR PET-positive metastases are of a histologically aggressive subtype. However, well-differentiated RAIR metastatic disease is observable. Poorly differentiated disease is underrecognized in many cases if defined by architectural and nuclear features alone. The presence of tumor necrosis was found to be a strong predictor of aggressive behavior, even within this group of clinically aggressive tumors. Finally, there is a significant amount of histologic plasticity between primary tumors and metastases that may reflect the genetic instability of these tumors.