gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characterization and tissue distribution of the A and B variants of the integrin alpha 6 subunit. (1993)

Two cytoplasmic variants of the alpha 6 integrin, alpha 6A and alpha 6B, have been identified previously (Hogervorst, F., I. Kuikman, A. G. van Kessel, and A. Sonnenberg. 1991. Eur. J. Biochem. 199:425-433; Cooper, H. M., R. N. Tamura, and V. Quaranta. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 115:843-850). Using synthetic peptides, containing sequences of their cytoplasmic domains, we have produced mAbs specific for either of the variants. These antibodies reacted with a variety of different epithelial tissues. In some tissues (e.g., salivary gland) both variants could be detected while in others only one of the variants was found (e.g., alpha 6A in epidermis and alpha 6B in kidney). Among nonepithelial cells and tissues, perineural fibroblasts and Schwann cells in peripheral nerves and platelets reacted with anti-alpha 6A, while microvascular endothelia reacted with both anti-alpha 6A and anti-alpha 6B. From our immunohistochemical results there is not evidence that combination with beta 1 or beta 4 is restricted to one of the two variants of alpha 6. This was confirmed by immunoprecipitation studies which showed that both beta 1 and beta 4 were coprecipitated by both anti-alpha 6A or anti-alpha 6B antibodies from cells. Also, the distribution of alpha 6A and alpha 6B subunits associated with beta 1 on cells attached to laminin was similar: both were found in focal contacts colocalizing with vinculin. In contrast, the alpha 6A subunit, associated with beta 4 in cultures of a squamous cell carcinoma cell line, was found to codistribute with bullous pemphigoid antigen 230 in hemidesmosomal-like structures. The alpha 6A and alpha 6B variants, immunoprecipitated from various cell lines, exhibited slightly different electrophoretic mobilities. Analysis of the antigens under reducing conditions showed that the mobility of the light chains, but not of the heavy chains, is different. In addition, in some cells the light chains of alpha 6A and alpha 6B, each are of two different sizes. Treatment with N-glycanase showed that these two light chain variants of alpha 6A and alpha 6B are not due to differences in N-linked glycosylation, and may therefore represent alternative proteolytic products of the alpha 6 precursor. We further demonstrate that alpha 6A, but not alpha 6B, is a major target for PMA-induced phosphorylation. Phosphorylated alpha 6A contained phosphoserine and a small amount of phosphotyrosine. There are also two variants of the integrin alpha 3 subunit with different cytoplasmic domains, but in the cell lines examined only alpha 3A could be demonstrated by RT-PCR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Transcription Start Site Evolution in Drosophila (2013)

Transcription start site (TSS) evolution remains largely undescribed in Drosophila, likely due to limited annotations in non-melanogaster species. In this study, we introduce a concise new method that selectively sequences from the 5'-end of mRNA and used it to identify TSS in four Drosophila species, including Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, D. sechellia, and D. pseudoobscura. For verification, we compared our results in D. melanogaster with known annotations, published 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends data, and with RNAseq from the same mRNA pool. Then, we paired 2,849 D. melanogaster TSS with its closest equivalent TSS in each species (likely to be its true ortholog) using the available multiple sequence alignments. Most of the D. melanogaster TSSs were successfully paired with an ortholog in each species (83%, 86%, and 55% for D. simulans, D. sechellia, and D. pseudoobscura, respectively). On the basis of the number and distribution of reads mapped at each TSS, we also estimated promoter-specific expression (PSE) and TSS peak shape, respectively. Among paired TSS orthologs, the location and promoter activity were largely conserved. TSS location appears important as PSE, and TSS peak shape was more frequently divergent among TSS that had moved. Unpaired TSS were surprisingly common in D. pseudoobscura. An increased mutation rate upstream of TSS might explain this pattern. We found an enrichment of ribosomal protein genes among diverged TSS, suggesting that TSS evolution is not uniform across the genome.
Identification through microarray gene expression analysis of cellular responses to benzo( a )pyrene and its diol-epoxide that are dependent or independent of p53 (2007)

Human colon carcinoma cells (HCT116) differing in p53 status were exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) or anti-benzo(a)pyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) and their gene expression responses compared by complementary DNA microarray technology. Exposure of cells to BPDE for up to 24 h resulted in gene expression profiles more distinguishable by duration of exposure than by p53 status, although a subset of genes were identified that had significantly different expression in p53 wild-type (WT) cells relative to p53-null cells. Apoptotic signalling genes were up-regulated in p53-WT cells but not in p53-null cells and, consistent with this, reduced viability and caspase activity were also p53 dependent. BPDE modulated cell cycle and histone genes in both cell lines and, in agreement with this, both cell lines accumulated in S phase. In p53-WT cells, G(2) arrest was also evident, which was associated with accumulation of CDKN1A. Regardless of p53 status, exposure to BaP for up to 48 h had subtle effects on gene transcription and had no influence on cell viability or cell cycle. Interestingly, DNA adduct formation after BaP, but not BPDE, exposure was p53 dependent with 10-fold lower levels detected in p53-null cells. Other cell lines were investigated for BaP-DNA adduct formation and in these the effect of p53 knockdown was also to reduce adduct formation. Taken together, these results give further insight into the role of p53 in the response of human cells to BaP and BPDE and suggest that loss of this tumour suppressor can influence the metabolic activation of BaP.
Variants in the vitamin D receptor gene and asthma (2005)

The transmission disequilibrium in unaffected sibs of otherwise multiple-affected families seem to be a powerful statistical test. A preferential transmission of vitamin D receptor variants to children with asthma could not be confirmed but raises the possibility of a protective effect for unaffected children.
Nonparametric Estimation of a Lifetime Distribution When Censoring Times Are Missing (1998)

Abstract We consider datasets for which lifetimes associated with the units in a population are observed if they occur within certain time intervals but for which lengths of the time intervals, or censoring times of unfailed units, are missing. We consider nonparametric estimation of the lifetime distribution for the population from such data; a maximum likelihood estimator and a simple moment estimator are obtained. An example involving automobile warranty data is discussed at some length. KEY WORDS: Incomplete dataMoment estimatesWarranty reports
Gas Plasma Treatment: A New Approach to Surgery? (2004)

In this survey we analyse the status quo of gas plasma applications in medical sciences. Plasma is a partly ionized gas, which contains free charge carriers (electrons and ions), active radicals, and excited molecules. So-called nonthermal plasmas are particularly interesting, because they operate at relatively low temperatures and do not inflict thermal damage to nearby objects. In the past two decades nonthermal plasmas have made a revolutionary appearance in solid state processing technology. The recent trends focus on using plasmas in health care, for "processing" of medical equipment and even living tissues. The major goal of tissue treatment with plasmas is nondestructive surgery: controlled, high-precision removal of diseased sections with minimum damage to the organism. Furthermore, plasmas allow fast and efficient bacterial inactivation, which makes them suitable for sterilization of surgical tools and local disinfection of tissues. Much research effort must be undertaken before these techniques will become common in medicine, but it is expected that a novel approach to surgery will emerge from plasma science.
Eighth International Meeting on N-Nitroso Compounds Occurrence, Biological Effects, and Relevance to Human Cancer (1984)

Existence et formation de composes N-nitroso (NN). Progres analytiques et identification de nouveaux CNN. Reparation de l'ADN, produits d'addition aux macromolecules et effets biologiques. Metabolisme et facteurs modifiants. CCN et carcinogenese par le tabac. Liens des CCN et de leurs precurseurs avec les cancers humains
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF C-Cu NANOSTRUCTURE THIN FILM (2002)

Nanostructured C-Cu thin films were deposited by reactive sputtering method and co-sputtering method. The relationships between microstructures, properties, and depo-sition parameters were studied and the results obtained from TEM, AFM, and XPS.indicate that the thin films are nanostructural, and have good in-depth uniformity. Theselected area electron diffraction (SAED) found that the nanosize Cu particles havethe fcc structure and the others are amorphous carbon or nanocrystallized graphiticcarbon. The peak positions of the Cu and C in XPS indicate them to be at the ele-mental state. In the IR transmission spectrum, diamond two-phonon absorption andgraphite Raman peaks were observed, which suggests microcrystal diamond particlesand graphite components exist in the C-Cu film. The higher electrical resistivity wasobtained.
Immunoelectron microscopy of deoxyribonucleic acid in procaryotic cells. (1992)

In preliminary experiments, we have applied the ultrathin frozen-sectioning technique to the immunoelectron microscopic labeling of DNA in procaryotic cells. In addition to two anti-DNA antibodies that immunolabeled total DNA, we used an anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) antibody that specifically detected the BrdUrd that was newly incorporated into the DNA of a thymine auxotroph that was deprived of thymine and then pulsed with BrdUrd. The immunolabeling of the incorporated BrdUrd was largely confined to the cell periphery, whereas the labeling of the bulk of the DNA was largely interior. These results are briefly discussed.
Combined Treatment of Symptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection with Native Interferon-  and Zidovudine (1991)

Patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection who had p24 antigen despite treatment with zidovudine (AZT) for 4-28 months received 3 x 10(6) IU of native interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) daily for 3 months. Infectious HIV was detected in the plasma of all patients, in most cases at high titers, before IFN-alpha treatment. There was no correlation between HIV titers and p24 antigen levels. Antiviral activity, as measured by significantly decreased levels of infectious virus or p24 antigen, was observed in six of eight completely treated but in only one of nine incompletely treated patients. After termination of IFN-alpha treatment, there was a significant rise of p24 antigen levels. During IFN treatment, absolute CD4 cell counts showed a tendency toward an increased rate of decline. The side effects were unexpectedly severe. Despite its anti-HIV effect in vivo, IFN-alpha in the dosages used does not seem to be a viable additional treatment for severely immunodeficient patients in ongoing AZT therapy.
Reduced-order shape optimization using offset surfaces (2015)

Given the 2-manifold surface of a 3d object, we propose a novel method for the computation of an offset surface with varying thickness such that the solid volume between the surface and its offset satisfies a set of prescribed constraints and at the same time minimizes a given objective functional. Since the constraints as well as the objective functional can easily be adjusted to specific application requirements, our method provides a flexible and powerful tool for shape optimization. We use manifold harmonics to derive a reduced-order formulation of the optimization problem, which guarantees a smooth offset surface and speeds up the computation independently from the input mesh resolution without affecting the quality of the result. The constrained optimization problem can be solved in a numerically robust manner with commodity solvers. Furthermore, the method allows simultaneously optimizing an inner and an outer offset in order to increase the degrees of freedom. We demonstrate our method in a number of examples where we control the physical mass properties of rigid objects for the purpose of 3d printing.
Importance of spliceosomal RNP1 motif for intermolecular T-B cell spreading and tolerance restoration in lupus (2007)

We previously demonstrated the importance of the RNP1 motif-bearing region 131-151 of the U1-70K spliceosomal protein in the intramolecular T-B spreading that occurs in MRL/lpr lupus mice. Here, we analyze the involvement of RNP1 motif in the development and prevention of naturally-occurring intermolecular T-B cell diversification. We found that MRL/lpr peripheral blood lymphocytes proliferated in response to peptides containing or corresponding exactly to the RNP1 motif of spliceosomal U1-70K, U1-A and hnRNP-A2 proteins. We also demonstrated that rabbit antibodies to peptide 131-151 cross-reacted with U1-70K, U1-A and hnRNP-A2 RNP1-peptides. These antibodies recognized the U1-70K and U1-A proteins, and also U1-C and SmD1 proteins, which are devoid of RNP1 motif. Repeated administration of phosphorylated peptide P140 into MRL/lpr mice abolished T-cell response to several peptides from the U1-70K, U1-A and SmD1 proteins without affecting antibody and T-cell responses to foreign (viral) antigen in treated mice challenged with infectious virus. These results emphasized the importance of the dominant RNP1 region, which seems to be central in the activation cascade of B and T cells reacting with spliceosomal RNP1+ and RNP1- spliceosomal proteins. The tolerogenic peptide P140, which is recognized by lupus patients' CD4+ T cells and known to protect MRL/lpr mice, is able to thwart emergence of intermolecular T-cell spreading in treated animals.
Monoclonal antibodies against spore antigens of<i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (1988)

A murine monoclonal antibody produced against heat inactivated spores of Bacillus anthracis Ames, reacted with live or inactivated spores of several anthrax strains in indirect immunofluorescence (IF) tests. The reactive anthrax strain gave only a moderate degree of reaction. No staining of anthrax vegetative cells was observed. The monoclonal did not react with spores of non-anthrax Bacillus strains that gave cross reactions with mouse hyperimmune antiserum raised against Ames spores. The staining of individual spores in B. anthracis preparations was more heterogeneous with the monoclonal antibody than with the hyperimmune serum. Evidence is produced that the epitope for this monoclonal is not stable during long-term storage of inactivated spore preparations, and is not fully available for reaction with antibody until late in spore maturation. The monoclonal did not react by immunoblotting (Western blotting) of spore extracts. A monoclonal antibody produced against Ames spore extracts reacted with about 1% of Ames spores in IF tests, but not reproducible reactions with other anthrax strains were recorded. This monoclonal interacted with three bands in Western blots of anthrax spore extracts.
Catalytic Oxidation of CO with N<sub>2</sub>O on Gas‐Phase Platinum Clusters (2004)

The complete catalytic cycle of CO oxidation with N2O is shown to occur on Ptn+ (see scheme); for Pt7+ it involves six different elementary reactions. Poisoning of the catalyst by sequential addition of CO is observed. The extent of poisoning can be adjusted with the ratio of N2O and CO partial pressures.
Treatment options for subjective tinnitus: Self reports from a sample of general practitioners and ENT physicians within Europe and the USA (2011)

Despite a large variety of treatment options, the low success rates of tinnitus therapy lead to frustration of physicians and patients alike. For subjective tinnitus in particular, effective therapeutic options with guidelines about key diagnostic criteria are urgently needed.
Enhanced Raman scattering at the surface (SERS) of a spherical particle (1980)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D.-S. Wang, H. Chew, and M. Kerker, "Enhanced Raman scattering at the surface (SERS) of a spherical particle," Appl. Opt. 19, 2256-2257 (1980) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Screening for prostate cancer with serum prostate‐specific antigen (2008)

Nguyen et al compared the cancer recurrence‐free survival after radical prostatectomy among 2 groups of men diagnosed with prostate cancer due to an elevated serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA): 1) those whose initial screening PSA was abnormal and 2) those with a history of previous normal screening PSAs. The study found group 1 to have more adverse pathologic features and recurrence‐free survival.
Preparation of a Series of N-Phenylamides of 5-Bromo-6-Chloronicontinic Acid and 5-Bromo-2-Chloronicontinic Acid (1991)

A series of N-phenylamides of 5-bromo 6-chloronicotinic acid and 5-bromo-2-chloronicotinic acid were synthesized by treatment of their freshly prepared acid chlorides with the appropriately ring substituted anilines. Thirty new compounds were prepared, and their structures were ascertained by elemental analyses and spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopic trends in the infrared spectra of the two series were examined in an attempt to correlate structural and electronic effects to hydrogen bonding tendencies.
Synthesis and characterization of model associative polymers (1995)

Abstract Model linear associative polymers with number average molecular weights in the range of 16,600 to 100,400 were prepared by connecting blocks of commercially available poly(oxyethylene) with isophorone diisocyanate, followed by capping with either hydroxyl, dodecyl, or hexadecyl linear alkyl end groups. The molecular weight distributions measured by gel permeation chromatography are somewhat broad, as expected from the synthetic method. In a 40/60 by weight solvent mixture of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (Butyl Carbitol) and water, the relative viscosities of model associative polymers and poly(oxyethylene) standards collapsed to a single master curve; viscosity average molecular weights obtained from the intrinsic viscosities measured in this solvent mixture compare favorably to those obtained by size exclusion chromatography. In water, the model polymers with alkyl end groups interact at extremely dilute concentrations to produce a pronounced increase in reduced viscosity that increases as concentration and alkyl end group length increase. The Huggins parameters for solutions of model associative polymers with the hexadecyl and dodecyl end groups vary between 1 and 16, and decrease as molecular weight increases, as hydrophobe length decreases, and as temperature increases. The concentration at which the viscosity data deviate from the Huggins equation is less than the polymer coil overlap concentration, which is on the order of 1–3 g/dL, as estimated from the reciprocal of the intrinsic viscosity data. This suggests that we can define a critical network concentration c * h as the concentration at which the associative polymers hydrophobic end groups first interact to form a rheologically significant network. However, the transition occurs over a concentration range, rather than at a particular critical micellar concentration, as is the case of ordinary surfactants or hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose. The dimensions of the associative polymer coils in solution, and the signs and relative magnitudes of heat and entropy of dilution as estimated from classical molecular theories, are similar to those obtained by other authors for poly(oxyethylene) homopolymers. A physical model based on equilibrium kinetics for the association process correctly mimics the dependence of viscosity on molecular weight and concentration, and indicates that the free energy of association must become larger as the length of the alkyl end groups becomes larger relative to the hydrophilic backbone. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Non-SH2 Domains within Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and SHC Mediate Their Phosphotyrosine-dependent Interaction with the NPEY Motif of the Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor (1995)

Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and SHC become rapidly phosphorylated upon tyrosines after insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) activation. In this study we demonstrate that IRS-1, SHC, and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase interact directly and specifically with the IGFIR. The interaction of all three proteins is dependent upon IGFIR kinase activity and, furthermore, substitution of Tyr-950 with Phe within the NPEY motif of the IGFIR eliminated interaction with both SHC and IRS-1 but had no effect upon p85 interaction. We show that residues 160-516 of IRS-1 and 1-238 of SHC are sufficient and necessary for receptor interaction in the yeast two-hybrid assay. We also demonstrate a direct in vitro interaction between the IGFIR and a fusion protein containing SHC amino acids 1-238. No interaction was observed with a SHC protein containing only the SH2 domain. We conclude that SHC and IRS-1 interact with the tyrosine-phosphorylated NPEY motif of the IGFIR, and that both proteins interact via related motifs located in their amino termini. We conclude that the interactions of SHC and IRS-1 with the IGFIR are similar to those which we have previously defined with the insulin receptor.
A Study on the Flow Characteristics of the Spiral Flow Nozzle with the Width Change of Annular Slit (2009)

In comparison with previous researches fur swirling flow, the spiral flow self-generated in the spiral flow nozzle has some different characteristics. It is not needed a compulsive tangential momentum to get its velocity component and has long potential core, relatively low swirl ratio, and high focusing ability. In this study, the self-generated mechanism of the spiral flow was clarified and the effect on the width of annular slit on spiral flow characteristics was investigated experimentally and numerically. As a result, the existence of tangential velocity component regardless of a compulsive angular momentum is clarified and the results obtained by experiment have a satisfactory agreement with those by numerical method, quantitatively and qualitatively.
Global: are branch campuses serving students well? (2012)

The academic literature and professional journals both reveal no shortage of criticisms of the international branch campus. Yet each year more branches are established around the world, and existing campuses continue to expand. So it seems that there must be a demand for these campuses. But how well are they actually serving students? It is interesting that the growth of student numbers at international branch campuses does not seem to have affected enrolments at the home campuses of Western universities. This implies that branch campuses have found a new, additional demand for higher education.
Chirped photonic crystal waveguides (2004)

We propose chirped photonic crystal waveguides, in which some structured parameters are smoothly changed along the waveguide. We experimentally observed light localization and theoretically expected a group delay for such waveguides.