gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesoporöse Organokieselgele mit sauren Wänden und basischen Gruppen im Poreninneren: ein Ansatz für die kooperative Katalyse (2009)

Zwei in Einem: Ein periodisches mesoporöses Phenylenkieselgel (PMO) mit sauren Wänden und basischen Poren wurde durch Anwendung von Schutzgruppentechniken synthetisiert. Auf diese Weise konnte eine präzise Lokalisierung der Säuregruppen in den hydrophoben Phenylenschichten und der Aminogruppen an den hydrophilen Kieselgeleinheiten erreicht werden. Das mesoporöse Material katalysiert die Tandemreaktion von Benzaldehyddimethylacetal zu 2-Nitrovinylbenzol (siehe Schema).
Depigmentation Caused by Phenolic Detergent Germicides (1970)

To my knowledge, this is the first report of depigmentation of the skin caused by phenolic germicidal disinfectants. Patch tests with phenolic components of the disinfectants produced depigmentation on 12 affected workers and six volunteer controls. From my data it appears that virtually any moderately irritating phenolic compound can depigment skin, but of those tested,<i>paratertiary</i>butyl and amylphenol most often depigmented skin without producing toxic inflammation. These two phenols are components of many germicidal disinfectants.
One‐Pot Formation of Large Macrocycles with Modifiable Peripheries and Internal Cavities (2009)

Abstract The shape of things to come : Aromatic oligohydrazide macrocycles with planar backbones enforced by three‐center hydrogen bonds are formed in high yield from monomeric diacid chlorides and dihydrazides. Macrocycles consisting of six meta ‐linked pyridine and benzene residues have an internal cavity of about 10 Å diameter, while those with alternating meta ‐ and para ‐linked benzene residues are larger and contain multiple convergent sites (see picture). magnified image
INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT LAW (1975)

INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT LAW: Instant termination of the contract of employment M. R. F. M. R. F. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Industrial Law Journal, Volume 4, Issue 1, 1975, Pages 40–42, https://doi.org/10.1093/ilj/4.1.40 Published: 01 June 1975
The transferrin receptor and the tetraspanin web molecules CD9, CD81, and CD9P‐1 are differentially sorted into exosomes after TPA treatment of K562 cells (2007)

Here we show that treatment of K562 cells with the phorbol ester TPA induces the down-modulation of various surface antigens. Among them, the transferrin receptor (TfR), the tetraspanin CD81, and a CD81-associated protein, CD9P-1, were unique in that their expression levels were lower after 24 h incubation than after 3 h. We demonstrated that like the TfR, CD81 was internalized at early times, and was less synthesized at latter times. Despite the association of a fraction of the TfR with CD81, these two molecules were subjected to different fates. TPA increased targeting of CD81 and CD9P-1 into exosomes but strongly reduced the localization of the TfR in these vesicles. Using this model we have shown that a fraction of CD81 and CD9P-1 in exosomes comes from a surface pool and that these molecules remain associated in exosomes. However, CD9P-1 could be targeted to exosomes in the absence of CD81 and of another tetraspanin, CD9. The targeting of CD9 into exosomes did not require palmitoylation of the protein. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 650-664, 2007. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mode of action of interferon-mediated modulation of natural killer cytotoxic activity: recruitment of pre-NK cells and enhanced kinetics of lysis. (1980)

Abstract The mechanism underlying interferon- (IF) induced NK-cell activation was examined at the single-cell level. The assays used were highly sensitive and quantitative and permitted the observation of both the activation and reversibility of activation of NK cells by IF. Activation of human peripheral blood leukocytes required small concentrations of interferon (≥ 5 units), and short exposure time (≥ 10 min). Several findings were obtained: a) only a proportion of the NK conjugating to K562 target cells were found to be cytotoxic (20%). The frequency of cytotoxic NK cells, however, was augmented by IF (to 30 to 35%) without altering the number of conjugates. These results suggested that pre-NK cells are recruited by IF to become cytotoxic, b) The kinetics of lysis of active NK cells was enhanced by IF. Maximum cytotoxicity was reached after 30 min incubation, whereas in the absence of IF, cytotoxicity plateaued at 3 hr. The same kinetics of lysis were obtained with the recruited pre-NK cells. c) Activation of pre-NK and active NK by IF was dependent on both time of exposure and concentration used. These two parameters were complementary; i.e., with less IF more time for treatment was necessary. d) Although pretreatment of PBL by IF activates the NK cell, no activation takes place when IF is added after binding of effector to target. e) Activation of NK is time limited and reversible, i.e., cytotoxic NK reverts to pre-NK, and enhanced kinetics of lysis returns to baseline values. These cells, however, can be reactivated by a second exposure to IF, and the newly activated cells maintain the same characteristics as those observed during the first cycle of activation. Taken together, these results show the temporal and cyclic modulation of NK by IF. Furthermore, under the conditions used, pre-NK cells do not appear to become fully differentiated cytotoxic NK cells by IF. The biologic role and feedback regulation of IF on the activity of NK cells in vivo is discussed.
Genetically Divergent Strains of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Use Multiple Coreceptors for Viral Entry (1998)

Several members of the seven-transmembrane chemokine receptor family have been shown to serve, with CD4, as coreceptors for entry by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). While coreceptor usage by HIV-1 primary isolates has been studied by several groups, there is only limited information available concerning coreceptor usage by primary HIV-2 isolates. In this study, we have analyzed coreceptor usage of 15 primary HIV-2 isolates, using lymphocytes from a donor with nonfunctional CCR5 (CCR5 -/-; homozygous 32-bp deletion). Based on the infections of PBMCs, seven of these primary isolates had an absolute requirement for CCR5 expression, whereas the remaining eight exhibited a broader coreceptor usage. All CCR5-requiring isolates were non-syncytium inducing, whereas isolates utilizing multiple coreceptors were syncytium inducing. Blocking experiments using known ligands for chemokine receptors provided indirect evidence for additional coreceptor utilization by primary HIV-2 isolates. Analysis of GHOST4 cell lines expressing various chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR2b, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CXCR4, BONZO, and BOB) further defined specific coreceptor usage of primary HIV-2 isolates. The receptors used included CXCR4, CCR1-5, and the recently described receptors BONZO and BOB. However, the efficiency at which the coreceptors were utilized varied greatly among the various isolates. Analysis of V3 envelope sequences revealed no specific motif that correlated with coreceptor usage. Our data demonstrate that primary HIV-2 isolates are capable of using a broad range of coreceptors for productive infection in vitro. Additionally, our data suggest that expanded coreceptor usage by HIV-2 may correlate with disease progression.
Distributed Pareto Optimization via Diffusion Strategies (2013)

We consider solving multi-objective optimization problems in a distributed manner by a network of cooperating and learning agents. The problem is equivalent to optimizing a global cost that is the sum of individual components. The optimizers of the individual components do not necessarily coincide and the network therefore needs to seek Pareto optimal solutions. We develop a distributed solution that relies on a general class of adaptive diffusion strategies. We show how the diffusion process can be represented as the cascade composition of three operators: two combination operators and a gradient descent operator. Using the Banach fixed-point theorem, we establish the existence of a unique fixed point for the composite cascade. We then study how close each agent converges towards this fixed point, and also examine how close the Pareto solution is to the fixed point. We perform a detailed mean-square error analysis and establish that all agents are able to converge to the same Pareto optimal solution within a sufficiently small mean-square-error (MSE) bound even for constant step-sizes. We illustrate one application of the theory to collaborative decision making in finance by a network of agents.
An Image Registration Method Based on Improved SIFT Algorithm (2015)

The purpose of this paper is to eliminate the mismatch points of image registration. Analyzing the SIFT algorithm and finding mismatch source, according to the source to develop solutions to eliminate the error matching points. And compared with the traditional SIFT registration results. In this paper, firstly do initial matching with SIFT algorithm, then use the feature of key points in spatial domain to eliminate the error matching, Finally, using RANSAC algorithm to do the final debugging. Experimental results show that the improved SIFT algorithm can better eliminate mismatch points.
Distance-join (2009)

The growing popularity of graph databases has generated interesting data management problems, such as subgraph search, shortest-path query, reachability verification, and pattern match. Among these, a pattern match query is more flexible compared to a subgraph search and more informative compared to a shortest-path or reachability query. In this paper, we address pattern match problems over a large data graph G. Specifically, given a pattern graph (i.e., query Q ), we want to find all matches (in G ) that have the similar connections as those in Q. In order to reduce the search space significantly, we first transform the vertices into points in a vector space via graph embedding techniques, coverting a pattern match query into a distance-based multi-way join problem over the converted vector space. We also propose several pruning strategies and a join order selection method to process join processing efficiently. Extensive experiments on both real and synthetic datasets show that our method outperforms existing ones by orders of magnitude.
A p-well GaAs MESFET technology for mixed-mode applications (1990)

A device structure consisting of an ion-implanted n-channel buried between an implanted p/sup -/ region at the surface and an implanted p-region under the channel is presented. The deep p-layer (p-well) is extended beyond the source region of the MESFET and independently contacted through an ohmic p/sup +/ diffusion. In normal operation, the source and p-well (backgate) terminals are electrically shorted together, as in silicon CMOS technology. By using junction isolation rather than conventional resistive isolation, the p-well n-channel MESFETs are free of trap-related parasitic effects including drain current transients with very long time constants, low-frequency frequency-dependent small-signal drain conductance, sidegating between neighboring devices, light sensitivity, etc. While eliminating these classical MESFET problems, the radiofrequency performance of the p-well GaAs MESFET remains comparable to the conventional n-channel device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phosphorylation of N-substituted carboxamides with phosphorochloridites (1986)

The phosphorylation of N-substituted carboxamides by dialkyl phosphorochloridites leads to O- and N-derivatives. The course of the phosphorylation is determined by the nature of the substituents on the nitrogen and carbon atoms in the molecules of the carboxamide. Imidoyl phosphites and phosphoramidites are isomerized into imidoylphosphonates. Products of the imidation of imidoyl phosphites and phosphoramidites suffer rearrangement into phosphorylated amidines. This is confirmed by comprehensive IR and NMR analysis.
ESPript/ENDscript: extracting and rendering sequence and 3D information from atomic structures of proteins (2003)

The fortran program ESPript was created in 1993, to display on a PostScript figure multiple sequence alignments adorned with secondary structure elements. A web server was made available in 1999 and ESPript has been linked to three major web tools: ProDom which identifies protein domains, PredictProtein which predicts secondary structure elements and NPS@ which runs sequence alignment programs. A web server named ENDscript was created in 2002 to facilitate the generation of ESPript figures containing a large amount of information. ENDscript uses programs such as BLAST, Clustal and PHYLODENDRON to work on protein sequences and such as DSSP, CNS and MOLSCRIPT to work on protein coordinates. It enables the creation, from a single Protein Data Bank identifier, of a multiple sequence alignment figure adorned with secondary structure elements of each sequence of known 3D structure. Similar 3D structures are superimposed in turn with the program PROFIT and a final figure is drawn with BOBSCRIPT, which shows sequence and structure conservation along the Calpha trace of the query. ESPript and ENDscript are available at http://genopole.toulouse.inra.fr/ESPript.
Synchronization dynamics on the picosecond time scale in coupled Josephson junction neurons (2017)

Conventional digital computation is rapidly approaching physical limits for speed and energy dissipation. Here we fabricate and test a simple neuromorphic circuit that models neuronal somas, axons, and synapses with superconducting Josephson junctions. The circuit models two mutually coupled excitatory neurons. In some regions of parameter space the neurons are desynchronized. In others, the Josephson neurons synchronize in one of two states, in-phase or antiphase. An experimental alteration of the delay and strength of the connecting synapses can toggle the system back and forth in a phase-flip bifurcation. Firing synchronization states are calculated >70 000 times faster than conventional digital approaches. With their speed and low energy dissipation (10^{-17}J/spike), this set of proof-of-concept experiments establishes Josephson junction neurons as a viable approach for improvements in neuronal computation as well as applications in neuromorphic computing.
Effect of human recombinant mullerian inhibiting substance on isolated epithelial and mesenchymal cells during mullerian duct regression in the rat (1992)

The effect of human recombinant Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) on the regression of the Mullerian duct (MD) of female rat fetuses was examined in vitro to determine whether MIS acts on MD epithelium and/or mesenchyme at the critical periods of sexual differentiation. Urogenital ridges (URs) of female rat fetuses at 14.5- to 18.5-days of gestation (plug day = 0) were cultured for 3 days with or without recombinant human MIS in CMRL 1066 medium with 10% female fetal calf serum. In URs from 14.5- and 15.5-day-old fetuses, the cranial portion of the MD regressed almost completely during the 3-day culture period in the presence of MIS, whereas the caudal half to third of the MD remained intact but tapered to a fine point cranially. MDs survived in URs from 16.5-day-old fetuses cultured in the presence of MIS except that the cranial portion of the MDs was deformed. MIS did not elicit regression of MDs in URs obtained from 17.5- and 18.5-day-old fetuses, but instead caused the MD epithelium to form bulges projecting into the mesenchyme. MD epithelium at 15.5-days of gestation was separated from the surrounding UR mesenchyme, and both components (MD epithelium and mesenchyme) were cultured separately for 3 days in the presence or absence of MIS. Both epithelial and mesenchymal cells survived in the presence or absence of MIS. MD epithelium formed typical epithelial colonies, whereas UR mesenchyme spread as fibroblastic cells. Analysis of labeling index after incorporation of [3H] thymidine demonstrated that MD epithelial DNA synthesis was not influenced by MIS. In contrast, mesenchymal labeling index was reduced significantly by MIS. This effect of MIS on UR mesenchyme in conjunction with earlier histological observations of mesenchymal condensation during MD regression and an absence of direct effects of MIS on the epithelium suggests that MIS elicits its effect on the MD epithelium via the surrounding mesenchyme.
Hydrogen Reduction Properties of RuO<sub> 2</sub> Electrodes (1999)

The thermodynamic stability of RuO 2 under a reducing atmosphere containing hydrogen gas was investigated. The RuO 2 electrode is reduced to Ru metal at 200°C in 0.3% H 2 and at 300°C in 0.03% H 2 , even when the electrode is stacked with a (Ba, Sr)TiO 3 dielectric layer. The reduction decreases the electrode volume. Our findings indicate that application of the RuO 2 electrode in device integration will be difficult because of the thermodynamic instability as long as the thermal equilibrium state of reduction is attained during hydrogen sintering.
Characterization and Distribution of Ferritin Binding Sites in the Adult Mouse Brain (1999)

Studies on iron uptake into the brain have traditionally focused on transport by transferrin. However, transferrin receptors are not found in all brain regions and are especially low in white matter tracts where high iron concentrations have been reported. Several lines of research suggest that a receptor for ferritin, the intracellular storage protein for iron, may exist. We present, herein, evidence for ferritin binding sites in the brains of adult mice. Autoradiographic studies using 125I-recombinant human ferritin demonstrate that ferritin binding sites in brain are predominantly in white matter. Saturation binding analyses revealed a single class of binding sites with a dissociation constant (K(D)) of 4.65 x 10(-9) M and a binding site density (Bmax of 17.9 fmol bound/microg of protein. Binding of radiolabeled ferritin can be competitively displaced by an excess of ferritin but not transferrin. Ferritin has previously been shown to affect cellular proliferation, protect cells from oxidative damage, and deliver iron. The significance of a cellular ferritin receptor is that ferritin is capable of delivering 2,000 times more iron per mole of protein than transferrin. The distribution of ferritin binding sites in brain vis-à-vis transferrin receptor distribution suggests distinct methods for iron delivery between gray and white matter.
IL-12 is a central mediator of acute graft-versus-host disease in mice (1996)

Distinct forms of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) occur in (C57B1/6 x DBA/2)F1 (BDF1) mice inoculated with either C57B1/6 or DBA/2 parental spleen cells, and it has been suggested that this reflects differential activation of CD4+ Th cell subsets. Transfer of B6 cells produces an acute GVHD, during which an early period of lymphoid hyperplasia precedes immunosuppression, weight loss, and mortality, and a Th1 pattern of cytokines is produced. Conversely, transfer of DBA/2 cells induces a chronic GVHD, in which no weight loss or mortality is observed, but an autoimmune, SLE-like GVHD develops in association with a Th2 pattern of cytokines. Recent work indicates that IL-12 plays a central role in the polarization of Th cell-dependent responses, and here we have examined its role in polarizing GVHD, by administering or depleting IL-12 during the afferent phase of both the acute and chronic forms of GVHD in BDF1 mice. In vivo neutralization of endogenous IL-12 ameliorated acute GVHD, in association with reduced splenic NK cell activity, IFN-gamma production, immunosuppression, weight loss, and mortality. Conversely, administration of exogenous murine rIL-12 exacerbates this disease and converts the chronic GVHD into a lethal acute GVHD-like syndrome. These results indicate that IL-12 plays an important role in the development of acute, but not chronic, GVHD and suggest that differential production of IL-12 early in the disease may underlie these distinct outcomes of the GVHD in BDF1 mice injected with different parental cells.
Single−crystal fiber optical devices: A Nd:YAG fiber laser (1975)

Single−crystal fibers of Nd:YAG have been grown in diameters as small as, but not limited to, 50 μm by a pedestal growth (modified zone melting) technique. Room−temperature cw laser operation has been achieved with 0.5−1−cm−long samples. The method is directly applicable to the growth of single−crystal fibers of various materials for devices covering a wide range of applications, especially for optical communications.
Optically enhanced amorphous silicon solar cells (1983)

We describe the first application of optical enhancement to thin-film (∼0.75 μm thick) amorphous silicon solar cells and define cell geometries which maximize enhancement effects. We observed that due to the improved infrared absorption the external AM1 short circuit current increases by 3.0 mA/cm2 in cells constructed in accordance with the principles of optical enhancement.
Identification and functional characterization of the first molluscan neuromedin U receptor in the slug, Deroceras reticulatum (2020)

Neuromedin U (NmU) is a neuropeptide regulating diverse physiological processes. The insect homologs of vertebrate NmU are categorized as PRXamide family peptides due to their conserved C-terminal end. However, NmU homologs have been elusive in Mollusca, the second largest phylum in the animal kingdom. Here we report the first molluscan NmU/PRXamide receptor from the slug, Deroceras reticulatum. Two splicing variants of the receptor gene were functionally expressed and tested for binding with ten endogenous peptides from the slug and some insect PRXamide and vertebrate NmU peptides. Three heptapeptides (QPPLPRYa, QPPVPRYa and AVPRPRIa) triggered significant activation of the receptors, suggesting that they are true ligands for the NmU/PRXamide receptor in the slug. Synthetic peptides with structural modifications at different amino acid positions provided important insights on the core moiety of the active peptides. One receptor variant always exhibited higher binding activity than the other variant. The NmU-encoding genes were highly expressed in the slug brain, while the receptor gene was expressed at lower levels in general with relatively higher expression levels in both the brain and foot. Injection of the bioactive peptides into slugs triggered defensive behavior such as copious mucus secretion and a range of other anomalous behaviors including immobilization, suggesting their role in important physiological functions.