gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Salvage therapy for multiple myeloma with thalidomide and CED chemotherapy (2001)

The feasibility and efficacy of a combination of thalidomide, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and dexamethasone were studied in 56 patients with poor-prognosis multiple myeloma. Of 50 patients evaluable for response, 4% achieved complete response (CR), 64% partial response (PR), 18% minimal response (MR), 6% stable disease (SD), and 8% progressive disease (PD), resulting in an objective response rate (> or = MR) of 86.0% (76.7% overall objective response rate in intent-to-treat analysis; n = 56). Subsequent to successful remission induction, 18 patients received autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The median progression-free survival in all patients was 16 months. The median overall survival time could not be calculated, since the last observed death occurred after 16 months of follow-up (median follow-up of 14 months) with a corresponding estimated survival probability of 55%. Severe adverse effects (World Health Organization III/IV) included infectious complications (35.7%) and cardiovascular events (7.1%). The data suggest that Thal improves antitumor activity of salvage chemotherapy regimens in poor-prognosis multiple myeloma.
Positive and Negative Regulation of Immunoglobulin Gene Expression by a Novel B-Cell-Specific Enhancer Element (1991)

A new B-cell-specific enhancer element has been identified 3' of E4 and the octamerlike motifs in the human immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene enhancer. Tandem copies of this 67-bp MnlI-AluI fragment, when fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene driven by the conalbumin promoter, stimulated transcription in B cells but not in Jurkat T cells or HeLa cells. Footprinting analysis revealed that the identical sequence CCGAAACTGAAAAGG, designated E6, was protected by nuclear extracts from B cells, T cells, or HeLa cells. Gel mobility shift assays using a synthetic E6 motif detected a B-cell-specific complex in addition to a ubiquitous band found also in T cells and HeLa cells. In agreement with the results of gel retardation assays, tandem copies of the E6 motif stimulated transcription in ARH77 and Raji cells but not in Jurkat or HeLa cells. Furthermore, a mutant E6 motif lost both in vitro binding activity and in vivo enhancer activity. In striking contrast to the mouse Ig heavy-chain enhancer, in which the octamer motif acts as a B-cell-specific enhancer element, the human enhancer contains an octamerlike sequence with one base substitution which bound octamer-binding proteins with only very low affinity and showed no enhancer activity of its own. Interestingly, the MnlI-AluI fragment could suppress the basal-level activity of the conalbumin promoter in both Jurkat and HeLa cells. Moreover, simian virus 40 enhancer activity was blocked by the MnlI-AluI fragment in HeLa cells but not in B cells. Thus, the novel enhancer element identified in this study is probably a target site for both positive and negative factors.
Role of Hsp90 in Biogenesis of the β-Cell ATP-sensitive Potassium Channel Complex (2010)

The pancreatic beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel is a multimeric protein complex composed of four inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir6.2) and four sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) subunits. K(ATP) channels play a key role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by linking glucose metabolism to membrane excitability. Many SUR1 and Kir6.2 mutations reduce channel function by disrupting channel biogenesis and processing, resulting in insulin secretion disease. To better understand the mechanisms governing K(ATP) channel biogenesis, a proteomics approach was used to identify chaperone proteins associated with K(ATP) channels. We report that chaperone proteins heat-shock protein (Hsp)90, heat-shock cognate protein (Hsc)70, and Hsp40 are associated with beta-cell K(ATP) channels. Pharmacologic inhibition of Hsp90 function by geldanamycin reduces, whereas overexpression of Hsp90 increases surface expression of wild-type K(ATP) channels. Coimmunoprecipitation data indicate that channel association with the Hsp90 complex is mediated through SUR1. Accordingly, manipulation of Hsp90 protein expression or function has significant effects on the biogenesis efficiency of SUR1, but not Kir6.2, expressed alone. Interestingly, overexpression of Hsp90 selectively improved surface expression of mutant channels harboring a subset of disease-causing SUR1 processing mutations. Our study demonstrates that Hsp90 regulates biogenesis efficiency of heteromeric K(ATP) channels via SUR1, thereby affecting functional expression of the channel in beta-cell membrane.
Color vision based person following with a mobile robot (2003)

Describes a vision based interface that enables the mobile robot to detect and follow a person through office environments. The proposed algorithm works by estimating the separate distributions of colors on a person's face and shirt. Using heuristics on vertical alignment of face and shirt color as well as bordering on each other, we are able to extract the person reliably and to guide the robot to desirable places. A fast and adaptive scheme of color processing has been tested in changing lighting conditions and using very long image sequences. The elaborated algorithm utilizes a linear Kalman filter to perform smooth tracking. The algorithms we have developed have been implemented and tested on a mobile robot equipped with an active camera. The developed system is able to track a person at approximately 10 frames per second.
Programmable and Bidirectional Bending of Soft Actuators Based on Janus Structure with Sticky Tough PAA-Clay Hydrogel (2017)

Facile preparation, rapid actuating, and versatile actions are great challenges in exploring new kinds of hydrogel actuators. In this paper, we presented a facile sticking method to prepare Janus bilayer and multilayer hydrogel actuators that benefited from a special tough and adhesive PAA-clay hydrogel. Combining physical and chemical cross-linking reagents, we endowed the PAA gel with both toughness and adhesion. This PAA gel was reinforced by further cross-linking with Fe<sup>3+</sup>. These two hydrogels with different cross-linking densities exhibited different swelling capabilities and moduli in the media manipulated by pH and ionic strength, thus acting as promising candidates for soft actuators. On the basis of these gels, we designed hydrogel actuators of rapid response in several minutes and precisely controlled actuating direction by sticking two hydrogel layers together. Elaborate soft actuators such as bidirectional bending flytrap, gel hand with grasp, open, and gesturing actions as well as word-writing actuator were prepared. This method could be generalized by using other stimuli-responsive hydrogels combined with the adhesive PAA gel, which would open a new way to programmable and versatile soft actuators.
Improving the energy density of quasi-solid-state electric double-layer capacitors by introducing redox additives into gel polymer electrolytes (2014)

A redox-active gel polymer electrolyte was prepared by introducing KI/VOSO4 redox additives into a polyvinyl alcohol–H2SO4 gel electrolyte for application in a quasi-solid-state electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) based on activated carbon. The EDLC obtained had a high electrode-specific capacitance of 1232.8 F g−1 and a high energy density of 25.4 W h kg−1; these values are higher than that of an EDLC with a conventional gel electrolyte. The improved energy storage is attributed to Faradaic pseudocapacitance related to the redox-active ions in the gel polymer electrolyte.
The Mobile Visual Search Guiding System Based on SIFT (2016)

In order to provide personal guiding service to visitors in the Picture Gallery, a mobile visual search guiding system based on SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) is proposed in this paper. The visitors can achieve the paintings' information using the camera function of the mobile phones when they enjoy the famous paintings in the Picture Gallery. The mobile search visual system proposed in this paper can identify the paintings in the server side so there are no extra performance requirements for the mobile phones. Firstly, the mobile visual search system was introduced. Then the system was designed and realized. The classification training was based on SVM (Support Vector Machine). The SIFT feature extraction algorithm was used to enhance the recognition rate. After the image retrieval, the geometric consistency check was employed to choose the best matching image. Finally, the experimental results verified the feasibility and practicability of this system. Compared with the present guiding systems, this system can communicate with the visitors conveniently and offer abundant and all-around information to the visitors. In addition, using this guiding system, any auxiliary devices are not needed to be installed in the Picture Gallery.
Design and measurements of a broadband two-dimensional acoustic lens (2011)

We describe the design, fabrication, and measurement of a 2D broadband gradient index acoustic lens in air. The index of refraction is tuned by controlling the dimensions of acoustic metamaterial unit cell inclusions designed through numerical simulations. The lens was fabricated in plastic through rapid prototyping stereolithography, and measurements of the sound field show good agreement with the theoretical lens performance. The broadband performance of the lens is confirmed for frequencies ranging from 1.5 kHz to 4.5 kHz.
Views: a way for pattern matching to cohabit with data abstraction (1987)

Pattern matching and data abstraction are important concepts in designing programs, but they do not fit well together. Pattern matching depends on making public a free data type representation, while data abstraction depends on hiding the representation. This paper proposes the views mechanism as a means of reconciling this conflict. A view allows any type to be viewed as a free data type, thus combining the clarity of pattern matching with the efficiency of data abstraction.
Path-Following Steering Controller of Automated Lane Change System with Adaptive Preview Time (2015)

A path-following steering controller of automated lane change system with adaptive preview time is proposed in this paper. Model predictive control is employed to design the steering controller. A path geometry change (PGC) index is proposed to adjust the preview time of the controller. The PGC index is defined as the average of the absolute value of the double derivative of the target path in the prediction horizon. A cost function which consists of the lateral displacement errors between the target path and predicted path for lane change, and the steering angles within the prediction horizon is minimized to generate the optimal path-following steering angle command to perform the automated lane change control. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the path-following error while reducing the lateral acceleration and jerk for a more comfortable lane change maneuver.
Predominance of type I 5α‐reductase in apocrine sweat glands of patients with excessive or abnormal odour derived from apocrine sweat (osmidrosis) (1998)

High levels of 5alpha-reductase activity have been detected in human apocrine glands, and the concentration of dihydrotestosterone has been found to be higher than that of testosterone in the nuclear fraction of the skin of patients who suffer from excessive or abnormal odour derived from apocrine sweat (osmidrosis). Although these results suggest that 5alpha-reductase may play a central role in the action of androgens in the apocrine gland, the isozyme responsible is not known. We therefore assayed 5alpha-reductase type I and type II activity and mRNA expression in isolated apocrine glands from four patients with osmidrosis. When we incubated gland homogenates with [3H]testosterone, we found that the biochemical properties of the apocrine gland enzyme were consistent with those of type I 5alpha-reductase: at substrate concentrations of both 50 nmol/L and 1 micromol/L, the optimum pH was in the range 6.0-7.5, and the apparent Km was 21.1 micromol/L. The apocrine gland enzyme was inhibited by MK386, a specific inhibitor of type I 5alpha-reductase, in a dose-dependent manner, but it was hardly affected by finasteride, a specific inhibitor of type II isozyme, in that a nanomolar concentration of finasteride produced only a slight inhibition. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed that the apocrine gland expressed type I 5alpha-reductase mRNA exclusively, except for a faint band of type II isozyme in a few preparations. These data indicate that the type I isozyme is the predominant form of 5alpha-reductase in the apocrine gland and may play a central role in the anabolic activity of androgens, as reported for the sebaceous gland. In addition, a small amount of type II isozyme may be expressed by mesenchymal cells that surround the apocrine glands and also contribute to their development.
Retrospective comparison of taping and ankle stabilizers in preventing ankle injuries (1988)

The effectiveness of taping and the effectiveness of wearing a laced stabilizer in preventing ankle injuries and reinjuries over six seasons of collegiate football practices and games were assessed retrospectively. For 1 1/2 years the players all had taped ankles, and for the remaining 4 1/2 years the players chose their type of ankle support. Over the entire period, the players chose high-top or low-top shoes as preferred. During 51,931 exposures to injury (46,789 practice-exposures and 5,142 game-exposures), the 297 players sustained 224 ankle injuries and 24 reinjuries. Tape was worn during 38,658 exposures to injury (233 players), stabilizers during 13,273 exposures (127 players). Tape had been worn when 159 of the injuries and 23 of the reinjuries occurred; a stabilizer had been worn when 37 of the injuries (P = 0.003) and one of the reinjuries occurred. The combination allowing the fewest injuries overall was low-top shoes and laced ankle stabilizers.
Relationship Between ApoE, MRI Findings, and Cognitive Function in the Cardiovascular Health Study (1998)

These results demonstrate that vascular changes on MRI, measures of brain atrophy, ApoE-4, and age, education, and race are associated with low cognitive scores among older individuals. The MRI of the brain provides valuable information related to cognitive tests and decline over time. The potential exists for using MRI measurements to identify high-risk individuals for dementia and to test potential interventions to reduce the risk of dementia.
Structure formation during polymer blend flows (1987)

Abstract The structure formation processes that occur during the flow of dilute blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP) In a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) carrier phase have been studied. Due to low surface tensions, high deformations of the dispersed minor phase can be induced under slow flow conditions leading to the formation of slender filaments. Measurements on a slit die, having a large, converging flow entrance region, demonstrate that the mechanism for filament formation is droplet bursting, yielding growing tails during shear flow, or, unsteady drop elongation during extensional flow. Tail growth can be modeled as the flow of a slightly tapering cylinder in a fluid of different viscosity, For dispersed to carrier phase viscosity ratios greater than unity, extensional flow occurs in the tail phase, which can induce oriented crystallization. For ratios less than unity, the flow is compressive, which. Inhibits crystallization. Drop deformation and crystallization in the converging flow entrance region is greatly enhanced by the extensional flow, and droplet growth can be described by a model assuming a time‐dependent, planar, extensional flow field. Data for birefringence and melting points of as‐crystallized fibers are also presented and discussed.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of dihydrofurobenzoxazolin-2(3H)-ones and their derivatives. (1994)

A series of dihydrofurobenzoxazolin-2(3H)-ones and their derivatives were synthesized. The structures of the compounds have been elucidated by IR, mass, 1H-NMR spectra and elementary analysis. The in vitro activity of these compounds was investigated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and also against Candida albicans. 7,7-Dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-furo[2,3-g]benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (compound 2) proved to be more potent than compound 1. Compound 3 also showed significant activity against all the microbes tested. Compounds 4 and 5 were more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria but inactive against C. albicans.
In vivo positron emission tomographic evidence for compensatory changes in presynaptic dopaminergic nerve terminals in Parkinson's disease (2000)

Clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) do not manifest until dopamine (DA) neuronal loss reaches a symptomatic threshold. To explore the mechanisms of functional compensation that occur in presynaptic DA nerve terminals in PD, we compared striatal positron emission tomographic (PET) measurements by using [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine ([11C]DTBZ; labeling the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2), [11C]methylphenidate (labeling the plasma membrane DA transporter), and [18F]dopa (reflecting synthesis and storage of DA). Three consecutive PET scans were performed in three-dimensional mode by using each tracer on 35 patients and 16 age-matched, normal controls. PET measurements by the three tracers were compared between subgroups of earlier and later stages of PD, between drug-naive and drug-treated subgroups of PD, and between subregions of the parkinsonian striatum. The quantitative relationships of [18F]dopa and [11]DTBZ, and of [11C]methylphenidate and [11C]DTBZ, were compared between the PD and the normal control subjects. We found that [18F]dopa Ki was reduced less than the binding potential (Bmax/Kd) for [11C]DTBZ in the parkinsonian striatum, whereas the [11C]methylphenidate binding potential was reduced more than [11C]DTBZ binding potential. These observations suggest that the activity of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase is up-regulated, whereas the plasma membrane DA transporter is down-regulated in the striatum of patients with PD.
Text data-hiding for digital and printed documents: theoretical and practical considerations (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new theoretical framework for the data-hiding problem of digital and printed text documents. We explain how this problem can be seen as an instance of the well-known Gel'fand-Pinsker problem. The main idea for this interpretation is to consider a text character as a data structure consisting of multiple quantifiable features such as shape, position, orientation, size, color, etc. We also introduce <i>color quantization</i>, a new semi-fragile text data-hiding method that is fully automatable, has high information embedding rate, and can be applied to both digital and printed text documents. The main idea of this method is to quantize the color or luminance intensity of each character in such a manner that the human visual system is not able to distinguish between the original and quantized characters, but it can be easily performed by a specialized reader machine. We also describe halftone quantization, a related method that applies mainly to printed text documents. Since these methods may not be completely robust to printing and scanning, an outer coding layer is proposed to solve this issue. Finally, we describe a practical implementation of the color quantization method and present experimental results for comparison with other existing methods.
Kinetics of Desflurane, Isoflurane, and Halothane in Humans (1991)

The low solubility of desflurane in blood and tissues suggests that the partial pressures of this agent in blood and tissues should approach the inspired partial pressure more rapidly than would the blood and tissue partial pressures of other potent inhaled anesthetics. We tested this prediction, comparing the pharmacokinetics of desflurane with those of isoflurane, halothane, and nitrous oxide in eight volunteers. We measured the rate at which the alveolar (endtidal) (FA) concentration of nitrous oxide increased towards an inspired (FI) concentration of 65-70%, and then measured the concurrent increase in FA and mixed expired concentrations (FM) of desflurane, isoflurane, and halothane at respective FI values of 2.0%, 0.4%, 0.2%. Minute ventilation (VE) was measured concurrently with the measurements of anesthetic concentrations. The potent vapors were administered for 30 min; administration of nitrous oxide continued throughout the period of anesthesia. For the potent agents, we also measured VE, FA, and FM for 5-7 days of elimination. We used FA/FI and FA/FA0 (FA0 = the last FA during the administration of each anesthetic) to define the rate of increase of anesthetic in the lungs and the rate of elimination of anesthetic, respectively. FA/FI values at 30 min of administration were: (mean +/- SD) nitrous oxide 0.99 +/- 0.01, desflurane 0.90 +/- 0.01, isoflurane 0.73 +/- 0.03, and halothane 0.58 +/- 0.04. FA/FA0 values after 5 min of elimination were: desflurane 0.14 +/- 0.02, isoflurane 0.22 +/- 0.02, and halothane 0.25 +/- 0.02. Recovery (volume of anesthetic recovered during elimination per volume taken up) of desflurane (105 +/- 25%) equalled recovery of isoflurane (102 +/- 13%) and exceeded recovery of halothane (64 +/- 9%). Time constants for a five-compartment mammillary model for halothane and isoflurane differed for the lungs, fat group, and hepatic metabolism, and exceeded those for desflurane for all compartments. In summary, we found that FA/FI of desflurane increases more rapidly and that FA/FA0 decreases more rapidly in humans than do these variables with other available potent anesthetics. We also found that desflurane resists biodegradation in humans and so may have little or no toxic potential.
Broadband access over medium and low voltage power-lines and use of white light emitting diodes for indoor communications (2006)

Home users are in need for broadband communications access globally. Broadband powerline communications has been advanced through last decade and it is going to be a mature broadband access in near future. Meanwhile, indoor optical wireless communications through lighting LEDs has been investigated, recently. Suitable channel models are proposed for each of these systems and the corresponding transmission capacity values are calculated. It is shown that the combination of these two technologies makes an efficient method for fulfilling the premise of broadband access for home networking, while providing efficient and low-cost lighting.
Fluctuations of the low frequency noise of MOS transistors and their modeling in analog and RF-circuits (2003)

We present a statistical evaluation of the low frequency noise behavior of MOSFETs. Amplitude and frequency of the 1/f-noise of small area devices show fluctuations by more than an order of magnitude. The noise fluctuations are particularly high for analog operating conditions. They are explained by considering the statistical effects of trap number and efficiency. A bias and area dependent worst case description of the noise behavior is given which can easily be included into standard circuit simulation models (e.g. BSIM3).