gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ANL experimental program for pulsed superconducting coils (1977)

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) had recognized the clear advantage of a superconducting ohmic-heating (OH) coil and started an aggressive development program in FY 1977. The main objectives for FY 1977 are to develop cryostable basic cable configurations with reasonably low ac losses, to develop 12 kA cryostable cable, using it to design and build a 1.5 MJ pulsed coil, and to develop a rather inexpensive large fiberglass reinforced helium cryostat for the 1.5 MJ pulsed coil. The principal objective in building the 1.5 MJ ac coil is to demonstrate ac cryostability of a large coil ranging from 2 T/s up to 12 T/s. Another objective in the pusled coil program is to determine the feasibility of parallel coil operation in order to avoid excessive voltage and current requirements and to minimize the number of turns for the equilibrium field (EF) coils, should the EF coils be connected in parallel with the OH coils. A two-coil section model using the 11 kA cable will be built and tested.
Chondrodiatasis in rabbits: a study of the effect of transphyseal bone lengthening on cell division, synthetic function, and microcirculation in the growth plate. (1992)

The effects of chondrodiatasis on chondrocyte division, matrix synthesis, and microcirculation in rabbit growth plate were studied. The procedure did not produce any significant change in the percentage of cells labeled with tritiated thymidine, the intensity of radioactive sulfate labeling of the matrix, or the blood supply of the physis. These findings suggest that the procedure does not work by stimulating cell division, synthetic function, or vascularity of the plate, but rather by stretching the matrix passively.
<i>In Vivo</i> and <i>In Situ</i> Ischemic Tissue Characterization Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy<sup>a</sup> (1999)

The investigation of processes of ischemia in different organ tissues is very important for the development of methods of protection and preservation during surgical procedures. Electrical impedance spectroscopy was used to distinguish between different tissues and their degree of ischemia. We describe mathematical methods used to adjust experimental data to Cole-Cole models for one-circle and two-circle impedance loci and a study of the main parameters for representing the behavior of ischemia in time. In vivo and in situ postmortem measurements of different tissues from pigs are shown in the 100 Hz to 1 MHz range. The Cole parameters that best characterize the ischemia are R0 and fc.
Shared Steering Control Between a Driver and an Automation: Stability in the Presence of Driver Behavior Uncertainty (2013)

This paper presents an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for lane keeping, together with an analysis of its performance and stability with respect to variations in driver behavior. The automotive ADAS proposed is designed to share control of the steering wheel with the driver in the best possible way. Its development was derived from an H2-Preview optimization control problem, which is based on a global driver–vehicle–road (DVR) system. The DVR model makes use of a cybernetic driver model to take into account any driver–vehicle interactions. Such a formulation allows 1) considering driver assistance cooperation criteria in the control synthesis, 2) improving the performance of the assistance as a cooperative copilot, and 3) analyzing the stability of the whole system in the presence of driver model uncertainty. The results have been experimentally validated with one participant using a fixed-base driving simulator. The developed assistance system improved lane-keeping performance and reduced the risk of a lane departure accident. Good results were obtained using several criteria for human–machine cooperation. Poor stability situations were successfully avoided due to the robustness of the whole system, in spite of a large range of driver model uncertainty.
An analysis of mean link travel time in urban road networks and its applications (2007)

The traffic flow dynamics is described by a nonlinear discrete dynamic system at signalized intersections based on the volume balance. The mean link travel time are analyzed according to the classification of the traffic flow, offset control and moving direction at downstream signalized intersections in urban road networks. The mean link travel time are measured by the average rate of speed of the traffic stream which is one of test-car techniques. The mean link and OD travel time are evaluated for four routes in Fukuyama city, Japan according to their analyses. A dynamic route search algorithm which plays an essential role in the dynamic route guidance system is presented using the Dijkstra's algorithm.
Recommended Crop Varieties for 1953 (1953)

Using improved crop varieties is one of the quickest and most effecitve ways to step up yields. Here are crop varieties recommended for you in 1953. Each is backed by long and painstaking experiments and research.
Malaria's Many Mates: Past, Present, and Future of the Systematics of the Order Haemosporida (2014)

Malaria has been one of the most important diseases of humans throughout history and continues to be a major public health concern. The 5 species of Plasmodium that cause the disease in humans are part of the order Haemosporida, a diverse group of parasites that all have heteroxenous life cycles, alternating between a vertebrate host and a free-flying, blood-feeding dipteran vector. Traditionally, the identification and taxonomy of these parasites relied heavily on life-history characteristics, basic morphological features, and the host species infected. However, molecular approaches to resolving the phylogeny of the group have sometimes challenged many of these traditional hypotheses. One of the greatest debates has concerned the origin of the most virulent of the human-infecting parasites, Plasmodium falciparum, with early results suggesting a close relationship with an avian parasite. Subsequent phylogenetic studies placed it firmly within the mammalian clade instead, but the avian origin hypothesis has been revived with recent genome-based analyses. The rooting of the tree of Haemosporida has also been inconsistent, and the various topologies that result certainly affect our interpretation of the history of the group. There is clearly a pressing need to obtain a much more complete degree of taxon sampling of haemosporidians, as well as a greater number of characters before confidence can be placed in any hypothesis regarding the evolutionary history of the order. There are numerous challenges moving forward, particularly for generating complete genome sequences of avian and saurian parasites.
Studies on scrub typhus; heterogeneity of strains of R. tsutsugamushi as demonstrated by cross-neutralization tests. (1949)

Data indicating that certain strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi show definite differences from one another when examined by means of cross-vaccination tests were presented in a previous paper of this series (1). This article also summarized the results of serological studies by other workers which support the idea of heterogeneity within this species. The present investigation, which was undertaken concurrently with the cross-vaccination studies mentioned above, was designed to extend earlier observations made in this laboratory (2) on the relation between strains of R. tsutsugamushi as revealed by cross-neutralization tests.

Material and Methods. Strains of R. tsutsugamushi. —Ten different strains of R. tsutsugamushi were employed in the present study. These had been recovered from man, mites, or rodents in widely scattered areas of the South Pacific and Orient. The species of host, the geographic area from which each of the strains was obtained, and the date of isolation are shown in table I.
Statistical Distributions of Wavelengths (1997)

The statistical distribution of wavelength is directly derived from a two-dimensional andspatially homogeneous Gaussian wave field.The present result differs from both the result of Rayleigh dis-tribution and Sun’s result(1988b)which is transformed through the period distribution derived from atwo-dimensional and stationary Gaussian wave field.A laboratory experiment shows that the present re-sult is more consistent with the observations in the wave tank than the others.
Cytotoxic Macrophages: A Rapid Nonspecific Response to Viral Infection (1976)

In vitro and in vivo assays have been developed to study the relative contributions of various types of immune cytolysis in the destruction of infected cells after Semliki Forest virus infection of BALB/c mice. Highly cytotoxic activated macrophages, not specific for the infecting virus, appear on day 1, peak on day 2 to 3, and disappear within a week. Specifically sensitized T cells appear around day 3, peak on day 6, and disappear within a month. Cytotoxic antibody appears on day 4 and reaches high titers by day 8. Immune spleen cells greatly reduce the yield of virus from cultured cells. Infected cells rapidly disappear after transfer to infected animals.
A High-Precision and Large-Capacity Laser Biophotometer (1974)

A new type of biophotometer is described. Very precise and reproducible measurements of bacterial concentration can be performed at 3-s intervals for each of 32 simultaneously developing bacterial cultures. The large number of results is handled with modern data acquisition and computer-processing techniques.
A Protein Growth Factor for Mammalian Cells in Culture (1958)

The amino acid and vitamin requirements of mammalian cells in culture have been carefully defined in the studies of Eagle and coworkers (1) who supplemented their medium with 5 per cent dialyzed serum.Knowledge concerning the growth requirements satisfied by the serum is completely lacking.In a preliminary report (2), evidence was presented for the protein nature of one of the serum growth factors.Partially purified from bovine serum, the factor has several marked effects upon mammalian cells in culture (appendix Al'): (a) it causes adherence of cells to a glass surface; (b) only in its presence cells assume a flattened, epithelial-like appearance; and (c) it stimulates cell multiplication.More recently, Fisher et al. ( 5), working independently with a different cell culture, HeLa Sa, have reported some of these effects.The purpose of this report is to describe the purification and properties of the protein growth factor. MATERIALS AND METHODSCulture Methods-Cells were grown on glass surfaces in a medium containing the amino acids, inorganic salts, glucose, and antibiotics suggested by Healy et al. ( 6), plus the vitamin mixture of Eagle (l), and 15 per cent bovine serum.Materials-Pooled beef serum was prepared from blood procured at a slaughterhouse.The serum was obtained by centrifugation (3") 2 to 3 hours after the blood was drawn, and it was stored at -20".No variations were noted in the activity of different batches of serum, nor was there a detectable loss in activity over a 6 month period.Human serum and serum from laboratory animals were prepared in a similar manner.Pancreatic trypsin (1: 250) and peptone (Bacto-peptone) were obtained from the Difco Laboratories, Inc., crystalline trypsin and pepsin from the Worthington Biochemical Corporation, and crystalline soy bean trypsin inhibitor from the Nutritional Biochemicals Corporation.Poly-L-lysine (about 30 residues) was a product of the Mann Research Laboratories.A sample of highly purified salminc sulfate was a gift from Dr. W. R. Carroll, pancreatic elastase (80 to 90 per cent pure) was prepared by Warner-Chilcott Laboratories, and crystalline bovine plasma albumin was obtained from the Armour Laboratories.Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose was a product of the Brown Company.
Half-symmetric cavity microelectromechanically tunable vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with single spatial mode operating near 950 nm (1999)

We describe tunable vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with a half-symmetric cavity structure. The cavity is realized by inducing a curvature (R∼300 μm) in the top movable dielectric mirror. This half-symmetric microcavity forces lasing oscillations in a single fundamental spatial mode with a side-mode suppression ratio of &gt;25 dB. Continuous wavelength tuning of 44 nm was achieved microelectromechanically with a tuning voltage of 14 V. The device operates near 950 nm with maximum power output of ∼0.9 mW.
SUSD2 expression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer correlates with increased patient survival and defective mesothelial clearance (2016)

The cause of death among the majority of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients involves passive dissemination of cancer cells within the peritoneal cavity and subsequent implantation of cancer spheroids into adjacent organs. Thus, it is important to identify the factors that mediate EOC metastasis and implantation, including clearance of the mesothelium. Sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2) encodes a type I transmembrane protein containing several functional domains inherent to adhesion molecules. Immunohistochemical analysis determined the presence of SUSD2 in several subtypes of EOC, with the strongest staining observed in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOCs). A high-density, clinically annotated HGSOC tissue microarray was stained with an anti-SUSD2 antibody. Patients with tumors that had a low percentage of SUSD2 staining cells had a shorter median survival (31.7 months) compared with patients who had tumors with extensive SUSD2 staining (49.1 months; P-value=0.0083). To investigate the role of SUSD2 in HGSOCs, stable OVCAR3, OVSAHO and KURAMOCHI cell lines were established with knockdown (KD) or non-targeting (NT) of SUSD2. Boyden chamber and wound-healing assays demonstrated that OVCAR3, OVSAHO and KURAMOCHI SUSD2-KD cells migrated at significantly higher rates compared with their SUSD2 NT counterpart cell lines. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western immunoblot analysis indicated an inverse relationship between SUSD2 and well-characterized mesenchymal proteins, including Twist-1, Zeb-1, N-cadherin, STEAP1, AHNAK, Snail-1, COL5A2 and Snail-3 in OVCAR3, OVSAHO and KURAMOCHI cell line models. In addition, OVCAR3 and KURAMOCHI SUSD2-KD spheroids displayed increased mesothelial clearance ability compared with cells that express endogenous levels of SUSD2. These data suggest that SUSD2 has a role in the inhibition of mesothelial clearance, which is required for metastasis. Altogether, our findings indicate that SUSD2 impedes migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitional and mesothelial clearance of HGSOC cells, consistent with prolonged survival of patients with SUSD2-expressing tumors.
Spatiotemporally controlled delivery of biomolecules (1053.5) (2014)

Plasmonic nanoparticles are appealing for biomolecule and drug delivery due to their unique photophysical properties that provide spatiotemporally controlled release capabilities. Emerging techniques using light to control cellular functions, such as in optogenetics, motivates the design of novel methods to achieve mechanical manipulation of the cell. Here we demonstrate the release of a recombinant green fluorescent protein fused with a poly‐histidine tag to facilitate attachment to ~ 40 nm hollow gold nanoshells by nickel‐nitrilotriacetic acid affinity as well as a C‐terminal targeting peptide to promote cellular uptake of the nanoparticle‐protein composite. Laser release of protein was characterized by fluorescence for both particle and cellular studies, which was found to be power and time dependent. The construct presented may serve as a platform for further studies of protein delivery using nanoparticles. Grant Funding Source : This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant R01 EB012637.
A Peptide that Stimulates Phosphorylation of the Plant Insulin‐Binding Protein (1994)

The soybean seed basic 7S globulin (Bg) is capable of binding bovine insulin and insulin-like growth factors, and has protein kinase activity which corresponds to about two thirds of the tyrosine kinase activity of the rat insulin receptor. A 4-kDa peptide named leginsulin, which can bind to Bg and compete with insulin for binding to Bg, was isolated from radicles of germinated soybean seeds. The leginsulin had a stimulatory effect on the phosphorylation activity of Bg, suggesting that it is involved in cellular signal transduction. The leginsulin was sequenced by automated Edman degradation and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. It consisted of 37 amino acid residues with six half-cystines in three disulfide bridges. The mass spectrometric analysis revealed that a portion of the peptide is processed to delete the C-terminal glycine like a number of animal peptide hormones, but not C-terminally amidated. The cDNA encoding the leginsulin was cloned, sequenced and considered to code for a precursor polypeptide consisting of a putative signal peptide, the leginsulin, a linker peptide, a 6-kDa peptide and a C-terminal peptide. Although there is no sequence similarity between the leginsulin and insulin or insulin-like growth factors, the leginsulin is a possible candidate for plant peptide hormones.
Evidence for the existence of the trichlorosilyl anion (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvidence for the existence of the trichlorosilyl anionRobert A. Benkeser, Kevin M. Voley, J. B. Grutzner, and William Edward SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 3, 697–698Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00706a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00706a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views305Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long-term survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (1997)

Cure of AML following specific therapies must be evaluated in the context of cytogenetics. A meta-analysis incorporating cytogenetic data is indicated for patients with > or = 10 years of follow-up.
Phosphorus Saturation Potential:  A Parameter for Estimating the Longevity of Constructed Wetland Systems (2002)

Phosphorus (P) adsorption capacities of materials derived from batch experiments can vary by several orders of magnitude depending on the method used, leading to potential misinterpretation of the P retention capacity on a long-term basis and unrealistic estimations of constructed wetland systems (CWS) longevity. The objective of this study was to determine if the P saturation of the material in a column could be used for this purpose with an improved accuracy. A 278-d column experiment with a synthetic P solution was conducted to investigate the long-term P retention capacity of electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag up to its P saturation point. EAF slag showed a high affinity for P, reaching a saturation value of 1.35 g of P kg(-1). Investigations of the regeneration of the P adsorbing capacity by this material showed that, after 4 weeks of water desaturated resting, EAF steel slag was able to increase its initial P adsorptive capacity to 2.35 g of P kg(-1). A sequential P fractionation experiment was performed to quantify the proportion of P bound to mineral compounds in EAF. From the most loosely bound to the most strongly bound P fraction, P was associated with resin extractable (14%), Fe extractable (0.5 M Na2CO3, 47%), Al extractable (0.1 M NaOH, 1%), Ca extractable (1 M HCl, 12%), and Ca in a stable residual pool (concentrated hot HCl, 26.5%). X-ray fluorescence analyses of EAF steel slag chemical composition revealed that the continuous application of a P solution resulted in 75% and 59% increases in K2O and P2O5 respectively; Al2O3 and FeO increased by 8%, while the portion of CaO remained unchanged. The investigated properties (P retention potential, regeneration of P adsorption, P fractionation) provide useful data about the suitability of slag material as a media for long-term P removal and should enable an improved prediction of the longevity of full-scale CWS.
Dye-Surfactant Solution of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 and Tween 20: Micellar and Interaction Parametric Studies (2019)

Coomassie brilliant blue G250 (CBBG250) is used in textile, printing, and biotechnology applications. Fluorescence probe, UV-Vis spectrophotometric, and electrical conductivity methods were used to study the interactions between CBBG250 and the surfactant Tween 20 in aqueous solution. The fluorescence intensity ratio of pyrene ( I 3 / I 1 ) in the mixed system showed that I 3 / I 1 increased significantly when the concentration of Tween 20 was greater than the critical micelle concentration ( cmc, 5.25 x 10 −5 mol/L). The micropolarity of the association system decreased as the concentration of CBBG250 in the solution increased. All results show that an interaction between CBBG250 and Tween 20 existed. Thermodynamic parameters were then determined, showing that the association was a spontaneous process that was driven by both enthalpy and entropy.
Long-term functional maintenance of primary human hepatocytes in vitro (2019)

The maintenance of terminally differentiated cells, especially hepatocytes, in vitro has proven challenging. Here we demonstrated the long-term in vitro maintenance of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) by modulating cell signaling pathways with a combination of five chemicals (5C). 5C-cultured PHHs showed global gene expression profiles and hepatocyte-specific functions resembling those of freshly isolated counterparts. Furthermore, these cells efficiently recapitulated the entire course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection over 4 weeks with the production of infectious viral particles and formation of HBV covalently closed circular DNA. Our study demonstrates that, with a chemical approach, functional maintenance of PHHs supports long-term HBV infection in vitro, providing an efficient platform for investigating HBV cell biology and antiviral drug screening.
Mitochondrial Function in Muscle Stem Cell Fates (2020)

Mitochondria are crucial organelles that control cellular metabolism through an integrated mechanism of energy generation via oxidative phosphorylation. Apart from this canonical role, it is also integral for ROS production, fatty acid metabolism and epigenetic remodeling. Recently, a role for the mitochondria in effecting stem cell fate decisions has gained considerable interest. This is important for skeletal muscle, which exhibits a remarkable property for regeneration following injury, owing to satellite cells (SCs), the adult myogenic stem cells. Mitochondrial function is associated with maintaining and dictating SC fates, linked to metabolic programming during quiescence, activation, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Notably, mitochondrial adaptation might take place to alter SC fates and function in the presence of different environmental cues. This review dissects the contribution of mitochondria to SC operational outcomes, focusing on how their content, function, dynamics and adaptability work to influence SC fate decisions.