gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue FDG uptake by PET/CT in metabolically healthy obese subjects (2014)

FDG uptake in VAT of MHO is similar to MAO and lower than MHL, suggesting these subjects may present similar VAT dysfunction.
Retrospective El Niño Forecasts Using an Improved Intermediate Coupled Model (2005)

Abstract A new intermediate coupled model (ICM) is presented and employed to make retrospective predictions of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The ocean dynamics is an extension of the McCreary baroclinic modal model to include varying stratification and certain nonlinear effects. A standard configuration is chosen with 10 baroclinic modes plus two surface layers, which are governed by Ekman dynamics and simulate the combined effects of the higher baroclinic modes from 11 to 30. A nonlinear correction associated with vertical advection of zonal momentum is incorporated and applied (diagnostically) only within the two surface layers, forced by the linear part through nonlinear advection terms. As a result of these improvements, the model realistically simulates the mean equatorial circulation and its variability. The ocean thermodynamics include an SST anomaly model with an empirical parameterization for the temperature of subsurface water entrained into the mixed layer (Te), which is optimally calculated in terms of sea surface height (SSH) anomalies using an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis technique from historical data. The ocean model is then coupled to a statistical atmospheric model that estimates wind stress (τ) anomalies based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis between SST anomalies observed and τ anomalies simulated from ECHAM4.5 (24-member ensemble mean). The coupled system exhibits realistic interannual variability associated with El Niño, including a predominant standing pattern of SST anomalies along the equator and coherent phase relationships among different atmosphere–ocean anomaly fields with a dominant 3-yr oscillation period. Twelve-month hindcasts/forecasts are made during the period 1963–2002, starting each month. Only observed SST anomalies are used to initialize the coupled predictions. As compared to other prediction systems, this coupled model has relatively small systematic errors in the predicted SST anomalies, and its SST prediction skill is apparently competitive with that of most advanced coupled systems incorporating sophisticated ocean data assimilation. One striking feature is that the model skill surpasses that of persistence at all lead times over the central equatorial Pacific. Prediction skill is strongly dependent on the season, with the correlations attaining a minimum in spring and a maximum in fall. Cross-validation experiments are performed to examine the sensitivity of the prediction skill to the data periods selected for training the empirical Te model. It is demonstrated that the artificial skill introduced by using a dependently constructed Te model is not significant. Independent forecasts are made for the period 1997–2002 when no dependent data are included in constructing the two empirical models (Te and τ). The coupled model has reasonable success in predicting transition to warm phase and to cold phase in the spring of 1997 and 1998, respectively. Potential problems and further improvements are discussed with the new intermediate prediction system.
Classical Genotropic<i>Versus</i>Kinase-Initiated Regulation of Gene Transcription by the Estrogen Receptor α (2005)

Elucidation of kinase-initiated routes by which the estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERalpha and ERbeta) control gene transcription, along with evidence of distinct biologic outcomes in response to ligands that can selectively activate nongenotropic signaling of the ERs or the androgen receptor, suggest that the ERs control a range of genes wider than that regulated by their direct association with DNA. To ascertain the extent and significance of nongenotropic ER-mediated transcription, we employed transduced HeLa cells expressing wild-type ERalpha or the ligand binding domain of ERalpha localized to the cell membrane (E-Mem), the OB-6 osteoblastic cell line, MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells and uteri from mice treated with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), or the nongenotropic signaling activator 4-estren-3alpha,17beta-diol (estren). E(2) and estren induced ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in ERalpha or E-Mem stably transfected HeLa cells; however, the phosphorylation kinetics differed between the two cell lines. In all four models, nongenotropic ER actions regulated a population of genes distinct from those regulated by genotropic ER actions. Specifically, the expression of Wnt2, Frizzled10, Egr-1, and c-Fos was strongly up-regulated in E-Mem-containing HeLa cells treated with E(2) or estren, or in ERalpha-containing HeLa cells treated with estren. Up-regulation of Frizzled10 by estren was reproduced in MCF-7 cells. Egr-1 was up-regulated by both estren and E(2); but complement 3, only by E(2) in the uteri. Estren had no effect on complement 3, cathepsin D, progesterone receptor, bcl-2, and cyclin D1 in MCF-7 cells, whereas E(2) up-regulated all these estrogen response element or activating protein-1-containing genes. These results support an extensive divergence in gene expression depending on the mode of ER activation.
Multi‐photon resonance enhancement of third harmonic generation in human oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin (2010)

Cancer cells require excessive oxygen and nutrition to support their rapid growth, so angiogenesis and decrease of blood oxygen are often associated with areas of cancer development. Current technologies for blood oxygen measurement, however, do not possess high spatial resolution and therefore cannot be used to detect small tumors in their early stage. In this paper, we studied the third harmonic generation (THG) spectra of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin in the 1170-1365 nm region, which is strongly influenced by the multi-photon resonance effect, especially around the Soret transition band. Our spectroscopic results thus indicate the high potential of THG spectroscopic microscopy for oxygen depletion level measurement of a single red blood cell in vivo.
Natural Language Guided Visual Relationship Detection (2019)

Reasoning about the relationships between object pairs in images is a crucial task for holistic scene understanding. Most of the existing works treat this task as a pure visual classification task: each type of relationship or phrase is classified as a relation category based on the extracted visual features. However, each kind of relationships has a wide variety of object combination and each pair of objects has diverse interactions. Obtaining sufficient training samples for all possible relationship categories is difficult and expensive. In this work, we propose a natural language guided framework to tackle this problem. We propose to use a generic bi-directional recurrent neural network to predict the semantic connection between the participating objects in the relationship from the aspect of natural language. The proposed simple method achieves the state-of-the-art on the Visual Relationship Detection (VRD) and Visual Genome datasets, especially when predicting unseen relationships (e.g., recall improved from 76.42% to 89.79% on VRD zeroshot testing set).
A Reliable Method for the Selection of Exploitable Melanoma Archival Paraffin Embedded Tissues for Transcript Biomarker Profiling (2012)

The source tissue for biomarkers mRNA expression profiling of tumors has traditionally been fresh-frozen tissue. The adaptation of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues for routine mRNA profiling would however be invaluable in view of their abundance and the clinical information related to them. However, their use in the clinic remains a challenge due to the poor quality of RNA extracted from such tissues. Here, we developed a method for the selection of melanoma archival paraffin-embedded tissues that can be reliably used for transcript biomarker profiling. For that, we used qRT-PCR to conduct a comparative study in matched pairs of frozen and FFPE melanoma tissues of the expression of 25 genes involved in angiogenesis/tumor invasion and 15 housekeeping genes. A classification method was developed that can select the samples with a good frozen/FFPE correlation and identify those that should be discarded on the basis of paraffin data for four reference genes only. We propose therefore a simple and inexpensive assay which improves reliability of mRNA profiling in FFPE samples by allowing the identification and analysis of "good" samples only. This assay which can be extended to other genes would however need validation at the clinical level and on independent tumor series.
Command surfaces 14 [1]. Photoregulation of in-plane alignment of a liquid crystal by the photoisomerization of stilbenes chemisorbed on a substrate silica surface (1996)

Abstract Stilbenes were attached to a quartz surface at their 2-position by silylation through a spacer to determine the capability to regulate an azimuthal alignment of a nematic liquid crystal by irradiation with linearly polarized light. Liquid crystal molecules aligned perpendicular to the direction of polarization plane of the actinic light, just as in the case of surface azobenzenes. The efficiency of the photoregulation was influenced by excitation wavelength and hence related with an E/Z isomeric ratio in a photostationary state. The irradiation with 260 nm polarized light resulting in the E-isomer as a major component in the photostationary state gave better optical quality of a photoaligned texture when compared with 330 nm irradiation, suggesting that the orientation of liquid crystals is induced by the rod-like E-isomer. Discussion was made on the possibility of the role of phenanthrenes, which were formed upon prolonged irradiation, in the liquid crystal photoalignment.
LASER ACTION IN FIELD-IONIZED BULK GaAs (1968)

Stimulated emission of recombination radiation has been observed at 78°K in n-type GaAs ionized by the passage of Gunn domains. Output pulses are about 2 nsec long, and have a bandwidth of 30 Å; more than half the light is emitted within 8° of the normal to the polished specimen face.
Guidelines for reporting an fMRI study (2008)

In this editorial, we outline a set of guidelines for the reporting of methods and results in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies and provide a checklist to assist authors in preparing manuscripts that meet these guidelines.
Synthese neuer funktioneller Polysulfid-Telechele und deren industrielle Applikation (2007)

Der Polymerchemiker steht mehr und mehr vor der Aufgabe, Netzwerke mit ganz bestimmten Eigenschaften wie Härte, Bruchdehnung oder Haftung zu synthetisieren. Meist ist dieses Ziel nur durch den Aufbau von Copolymeren aus mehreren Bausteinen zu lösen, wobei die Bausteine nicht statistisch, sondern in bestimmten Sequenzen angeordnet sein müssen. In der Praxis lässt sich ein solches Konzept am einfachsten verwirklichen, indem man eine oder auch mehrere Sequenzen zunächst separat präpolymerisiert. Anschließend werden die Präpolymere durch Additionsoder Kondensationsreaktion zu fertigen Polymeren umgesetzt. Ein derartiger Aufbau ist in seiner Vielfalt und Variationsfähigkeit fast unerschöpflich. Verfahrenstechnisch sind die Präpolymer-Verfahren attraktiv, weil die Unterbrechung des Polymeraufbaus auf einer niedrigviskosen Vorstufe vor allem für den Kunststoff-Verarbeiter vorteilhaft ist. Als eine beispielhafte Auswahl sollen hier die Silikonharze, Epoxidharze und Polysulfide angeführt werden.
Highly efficient catalysts‐acetylacetonato complexes of transition metals in the 4th period for ring‐opening polymerization of 1,3‐benzoxazine (2009)

Abstract Acetylacetonato (acac) complexes of transition metals in the 4th period were examined as catalysts for the ring‐opening polymerization of benzoxazine. This examination revealed that acac complexes of manganese, iron, and cobalt exhibited the highest activity, which was comparable or slightly higher than that exhibited by p ‐toluenesulfonic acid. By replacing acac ligand by hexafluoroacetylacetonato (F 6 ‐acac) ligand, the activity of manganese and iron complexes was remarkably enhanced. These metal F 6 ‐acac complexes were tolerant to moisture to allow their use under air without special caution. Another advantage was their negligible effect to promote unfavorable weight loss during the polymerization. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 479–484, 2010
Insulin-stimulated Hydrogen Peroxide Reversibly Inhibits Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1B in Vivo and Enhances the Early Insulin Action Cascade (2001)

The insulin signaling pathway is activated by tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and key post-receptor substrate proteins and balanced by the action of specific protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). PTPase activity, in turn, is highly regulated in vivo by oxidation/reduction reactions involving the cysteine thiol moiety required for catalysis. Here we show that insulin stimulation generates a burst of intracellular H(2)O(2) in insulin-sensitive hepatoma and adipose cells that is associated with reversible oxidative inhibition of up to 62% of overall cellular PTPase activity, as measured by a novel method using strictly anaerobic conditions. The specific activity of immunoprecipitated PTP1B, a PTPase homolog implicated in the regulation of insulin signaling, was also strongly inhibited by up to 88% following insulin stimulation. Catalase pretreatment abolished the insulin-stimulated production of H(2)O(2) as well as the inhibition of cellular PTPases, including PTP1B, and was associated with reduced insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of its receptor and high M(r) insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins. These data provide compelling new evidence for a redox signal that enhances the early insulin-stimulated cascade of tyrosine phosphorylation by oxidative inactivation of PTP1B and possibly other tyrosine phosphatases.
Future Vehicle Driven by Electricity and Control—Research on Four-Wheel-Motored “UOT Electric March II” (2004)

The electric vehicle (EV) is the most exciting object to apply "advanced motion control" technique. As an EV is driven by electric motors, it has the following three remarkable advantages: 1) motor torque generation is fast and accurate; 2) motors can be installed in two or four wheels; and 3) motor torque can be known precisely. These advantages enable us to easily realize: 1) high performance antilock braking system and traction control system with minor feedback control at each wheel; 2) chassis motion control like direct yaw control; and 3) estimation of road surface condition. "UOT Electric March II" is our novel experimental EV with four in-wheel motors. This EV is made for intensive study of advanced motion control of an EV.
PEGylation and Zwitterionization: Pros and Cons in the Renal Clearance and Tumor Targeting of Near‐IR‐Emitting Gold Nanoparticles (2013)

Got it PEGged: PEGylation and zwitterionization have distinct effects on the pharmacokinetic and tumor-targeting properties of luminescent gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), although both strategies lead to effective renal clearance. High tumor-targeting efficiency and specificity were obtained with PEGylated AuNPs, whereas rapid tumor detection was more readily achieved with zwitterionic AuNPs. HD=hydrodynamic diameter, GS=glutathione. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Next generation sequencing for molecular diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases (2012)

Inherited neuromuscular disorders (NMD) are chronic genetic diseases posing a significant burden on patients and the health care system. Despite tremendous research and clinical efforts, the molecular causes remain unknown for nearly half of the patients, due to genetic heterogeneity and conventional molecular diagnosis based on a gene-by-gene approach. We aimed to test next generation sequencing (NGS) as an efficient and cost-effective strategy to accelerate patient diagnosis. We designed a capture library to target the coding and splice site sequences of all known NMD genes and used NGS and DNA multiplexing to retrieve the pathogenic mutations in patients with heterogeneous NMD with or without known mutations. We retrieved all known mutations, including point mutations and small indels, intronic and exonic mutations, and a large deletion in a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, validating the sensitivity and reproducibility of this strategy on a heterogeneous subset of NMD with different genetic inheritance. Most pathogenic mutations were ranked on top in our blind bioinformatic pipeline. Following the same strategy, we characterized probable TTN, RYR1 and COL6A3 mutations in several patients without previous molecular diagnosis. The cost was less than conventional testing for a single large gene. With appropriate adaptations, this strategy could be implemented into a routine genetic diagnosis set-up as a first screening approach to detect most kind of mutations, potentially before the need of more invasive and specific clinical investigations. An earlier genetic diagnosis should provide improved disease management and higher quality genetic counseling, and ease access to therapy or inclusion into therapeutic trials.
Exosomes in postshock mesenteric lymph are key mediators of acute lung injury triggering the macrophage activation via Toll‐like receptor 4 (2017)

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common cause of morbidity in patients after severe injury due to dysregulated inflammation, which is believed to be driven by gut-derived inflammatory mediators carried <i>via</i> mesenteric lymph (ML). We have previously demonstrated that nano-sized extracellular vesicles, called exosomes, secreted into ML after trauma/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) have the potential to activate immune cells <i>in vitro</i> Here, we assess the function of ML exosomes in the development of T/HS-induced ALI and the role of TLR4 in the ML exosome-mediated inflammatory response. ML exosomes isolated from rats subjected to T/HS stimulated NF-κB activation and caused proinflammatory cytokine production in alveolar macrophages. <i>In vivo</i> experiments revealed that intravenous injection of exosomes harvested after T/HS, but not before shock, caused recruitment of inflammatory cells in the lung, increased vascular permeability, and induced histologic ALI in naive mice. The exosome-depleted supernatant of ML had no effect on <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> inflammatory responses. We also demonstrated that both pharmacologic inhibition and genetic knockout of TLR4 completely abolished ML exosome-induced cytokine production in macrophages. Thus, our findings define the critical role of exosomes secreted into ML as a critical mediator of T/HS-induced ALI through macrophage TLR4 activation.-Kojima, M., Gimenes-Junior, J. A., Chan, T. W., Eliceiri, B. P., Baird, A., Costantini, T. W., Coimbra, R. Exosomes in postshock mesenteric lymph are key mediators of acute lung injury triggering the macrophage activation <i>via</i> Toll-like receptor 4.
Infrared cloaking based on the electric response of split ring resonators (2008)

Electromagnetic cloak was recently demonstrated in the microwave domain using a metamaterial structure made of metallic split ring resonators (SRR) arranged in a cylindrical geometry. The SRRs were designed to provide a magnetic response that varied in an appropriate manner with the radial coordinate. In the present work, we propose an electromagnetic cloak, which exploits the electric response of gold SRRs instead of their magnetic response. Numerical simulations performed at infrared frequencies (~100 THz) reveal low loss and weak impedance mismatch, thereby proving the interest in using SRRs as ???universal??? atoms in the design of metamaterials. We also show that SRRs can be ultimately replaced by simple cut wires for the construction of approximate electromagnetic cloaks whose dielectric permittivity is the only parameter varying with space coordinates.
Neuronal defects in genotyped dominant megacolon (Dom) mouse embryos, a model for Hirschsprung disease (1996)

Dominant megacolon (Dom) is one of four mutations in the mouse which can produce a phenotype similar to Hirschsprung disease in man. Here, we report that it is possible to take advantage of two microsatellite markers to genotype Dom embryos and to study enteric neuronal development in Dom embryos using whole-mount immunohistochemistry. Dom embryos present a variable defect in the ileo-caecal region, as do embryos of other murine models of Hirschsprung disease.
Suppression of hot-carrier effects in submicrometer CMOS technology (1988)

Approaches used to suppress the hot-carrier effects in submicrometer CMOS technology based on the drain engineering of the device structure and process-induced deice degradation are discussed. Different types of lightly doped drain (LDD) structures are studied. Several process-related device aging issues are discussed. Twin-Tub V CMOS technology is used as an example of how to manage the hot-carrier issues with respect to the process integration aspects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Visualization of Dopamine Transporter Trafficking in Live Neurons by Use of Fluorescent Cocaine Analogs (2009)

The dopamine transporter (DAT) mediates reuptake of dopamine from the synaptic cleft and is a target for widely abused psychostimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine. Nonetheless, little is known about the cellular distribution and trafficking of natively expressed DAT. Here we use novel fluorescently tagged cocaine analogs to visualize DAT and DAT trafficking in cultured live midbrain dopaminergic neurons. The fluorescent tags were extended from the tropane N-position of 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)tropane using an ethylamino-linker. The rhodamine-, OR Green-, or Cy3-labeled ligands had high binding affinity for DAT and enabled specific labeling of DAT in live neurons and visualization by confocal imaging. In the dopaminergic neurons, DAT was uniformly distributed in the plasma membrane of the soma, the neuronal extensions, and varicosities along these extensions. FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) experiments demonstrated bidirectional movement of DAT in the extensions and indicated that DAT is highly mobile both in the extensions and in the varicosities (immobile fraction less than approximately 30%). DAT was constitutively internalized into vesicular structures likely representing intracellular transporter pools. The internalization was blocked by lentiviral-mediated expression of dominant-negative dynamin and internalized DAT displayed partial colocalization with the early endosomal marker EGFP-Rab5 and with the transferrin receptor. DAT internalization and function was not affected by activation of protein kinase C (PKC) with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) or by inhibition with staurosporine or GF109203X. These data are in contrast to findings for DAT in transfected heterologous cells and challenge the paradigm that trafficking and cellular distribution of endogenous DAT is subject to regulation by PKC.