gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Stretchable Conducting SIBS‐P3HT Fibers (2011)

Abstract Poly(styrene‐β‐isobutylene‐β‐styrene)‐poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (SIBS‐P3HT) conducting composite fibers are successfully produced using a continuous flow approach. Composite fibers are stiffer than SIBS fibers and able to withstand strains of up 975% before breaking. These composite fibers exhibit interesting reversible mechanical and electrical characteristics, which are applied to demonstrate their strain gauging capabilities. This will facilitate their potential applications in strain sensing or elastic electrodes. Here, the fabrication and characterization of highly stretchable electrically conducting SIBS‐P3HT fibers using a solvent/non‐solvent wet‐spinning technique is reported. This fabrication method combines the processability of conducting SIBS‐P3HT blends with wet‐spinning, resulting in fibers that could be easily spun up to several meters long. The resulting composite fiber materials exhibit an increased stiffness (higher Young’s modulus) but lower ductility compared to SIBS fibers. The fibers’ reversible mechanical and electrical characteristics are applied to demonstrate their strain gauging capabilities.
An evaluation of continuous electrodeionization as an in‐line process for plating rinsewater recovery (2001)

Abstract The objective of this project was to investigate the ability of continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) to be used in a copper electroplating line to recover copper sulfate and purified water from rinsewaters for reuse within the same process. Typically, these acidic rinsewaters contain approximately 10 to 50 mg/L of copper as copper sulfate. This range of copper is much higher than any used in previous applications of CEDI technology. Three bench‐scale configurations of CEDI modules were evaluated under varying flow and voltage conditions to test the performance of the process in treating the rinsewater. The influence of different ion exchange packings on CEDI performance was examined to determine which module design worked best for this separation process. The bench‐scale test results suggest that CEDI is a potentially viable technology for copper sulfate recovery from waste rinsewaters generated by a copper electroplating line. A single stage CEDI process was able to produce a pure water product containing non‐detectable concentrations of copper, and an acidic copper sulfate concentrate with a copper concentration as high as 4,000 mg/L.
RESISTANCE ESTIMATION OF A PWM-DRIVEN SOLENOID (2007)

ABSTRACT−This paper proposes a method that can be used for the resistance estimation of a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)-driven solenoid. By using estimated solenoid resistance, the PWM duty ratio was compensated to be proportional to the solenoid current. The proposed method was developed for use with EHB (Electro-Hydraulic Braking) systems, which are essential features of the regenerative braking system of many electric vehicles. Because the HU (Hydraulic Unit) of most EHB systems performs not only ABS/TCS/ESP (Electronic Stability Program) functions but also service braking function, the possible duration of continuous solenoid driving is so long that the generated heat can drastically change the level of solenoid resistance. The current model of the PWM-driven solenoid is further developed in this paper; from this a new resistance equation is derived. This resistance equation is solved by using an iterative method known as the FPT (fixed point theorem). Furthermore, by taking the average of the resistance estimates, it was possible to successfully eliminate the effect of measurement noise factors. Simulation results showed that the proposed method contained a sufficient pass-band in the frequency response. Experimental results also showed that adaptive solenoid driving which incorporates resistance estimations is able to maintain a linear relationship between the PWM duty ratio and the solenoid current in spite of a wide variety of ambient temperatures and continuous driving.
Complex metal hydride reduction of 1-tert-alkynyl -1-phosphine sulfides (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplex metal hydride reduction of 1-tert-alkynyl -1-phosphine sulfidesAdam M. Aguiar, J. R. Smiley Irelan, and N. S. BhaccaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 11, 3349–3352Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01263a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01263a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sensing through structure (2010)

We present a method for designing and constructing rugged and soft multi-point sensors. Interactions applied to a soft material are reduced to structural units of deformation. These structures can then be embedded and instrumented anywhere inside a soft sensor. This simplification lets us design complex, durable sensors in easily manufacturable ways. In particular, we present a construction method of layering electronics between silicone pours to easily create sensors for arbitrary combinations of these deformations. We present several prototype sensors and discuss applications including toys, games, and therapy.
Implementation of safety provisions in manned systems. (1968)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
New type of ballast for HID lamps using series resonant circuit (2003)

A new type of solid state ballast, which can provide the high-frequency power to high intensity discharge (HID) lamps without an acoustic resonance, is presented. A ballast is needed to lighten the HID images, and is expected to be small and stably operating. The ballast equipment is composed of an inverter circuit, having variable switching frequency, a series resonant circuit, and a starting capacitor of the HID lamps. The operating characteristics of the ballast circuit are presented. The proposed circuit is useful for the HID lamps due to the small size and the low switching losses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PREFACE TO THE TENTH EDITION (2009)

There are two things which may fairly be regretted in regard to the criticisms—often the very kind and encouraging criticisms—which this book has received. There is, first, the disproportionate attention which has been given to some twenty pages on the subject of the inspiration of Holy Scripture, an attention so disproportionate as to defeat the object which the writers had in view in assigning to that subject its place in the general treatment of the work of the Holy Spirit—the object, namely, of giving it its proper context in the whole body of Christian truth: and there is, secondly, the fact that we have not generally succeeded in gaining the attention of our critics to the point of view from which these ‘studies’ were written, and the purpose they were intended to serve.
The influence of voltage flicker on residential lamps (2002)

This paper investigates the influence of voltage flicker on the Lux variation of general residential lamps, including incandescent lamps, electromagnetic ballast fluorescent lamps, and high frequency electronic ballast fluorescent lamps (compact fluorescent lamps, CFLs). Measurement data include lamp power and Lux that are analyzed and compared. Test results show that the CFLs have the best flicker voltage bearing ability, but the produced high current harmonics, should be mitigated to avoid polluting the power distribution system.
Semaphorin 4D regulates gonadotropin hormone–releasing hormone-1 neuronal migration through PlexinB1–Met complex (2008)

In mammals, reproduction is dependent on specific neurons secreting the neuropeptide gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1). These cells originate during embryonic development in the olfactory placode and migrate into the forebrain, where they become integral members of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This migratory process is regulated by a wide range of guidance cues, which allow GnRH-1 cells to travel over long distances to reach their appropriate destinations. The Semaphorin4D (Sema4D) receptor, PlexinB1, is highly expressed in the developing olfactory placode, but its function in this context is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PlexinB1-deficient mice exhibit a migratory defect of GnRH-1 neurons, resulting in reduction of this cell population in the adult brain. Moreover, Sema4D promotes directional migration in GnRH-1 cells by coupling PlexinB1 with activation of the Met tyrosine kinase (hepatocyte growth factor receptor). This work identifies a function for PlexinB1 during brain development and provides evidence that Sema4D controls migration of GnRH-1 neurons.
ArF Photoresist Parameter Optimization for Mask Error Enhancement Factor Reduction (2005)

The mask error enhancement factor (MEEF) is the best representative index for critical dimension (CD) variation in a wafer which is amplified by real specific mask CD variation. As already clarified in previous reports, MEEF is increased by reducing k 1 (process ability index) or pattern pitch. The illumination system, just like lens aberration or stage defocus effects directly the MEEF value, but the leveling or species of a substrate and the resist performance are also strongly related to the MEEF value. In practice, when engineers set up the photoprocess for fabricating the miniaturized structures of current devices, they established minimum shot uniformity target such as the MEEF value within wafer uniformity and wafer-to-wafer uniformity, in addition to the usable depth of focus (UDOF) or exposure latitude (EL) margin. We examined MEEF reduction by checking the differences in resist parameters and attempted to correlate the results between experiment and simulation. Solid-C was used as the simulation tool. The target node is dense line/space pattern (L/S) of sub-80 nm and we used the same illumination conditions. We calculated MEEF values by comparing with the original mask uniformity using the optical parameters of each resist type. The normalized image log slope (NILS) showed us some points of the saturation value with pupil mesh points and the aberration is not considered. We used four different types of resist and changed resist optical properties (i.e., n , k refractive index; A , B , and C Dill exposure parameters). It is very difficult to measure the kinetic phenomenon, thus we chose the Fickian model in post exposure bake (PEB) and the Weiss model for development. In this paper, we suggest another direction of photoresist improvement by comparing the resist parameters with the MEEF values at different pitches.
Interaction of the Adenovirus Proteinase with Protein Cofactors with High Negative Charge Densities (2005)

The interactions of the human adenovirus proteinase (AVP) with polymers with high negative charge densities were characterized. AVP utilizes two viral cofactors for maximal enzyme activity (k(cat)/K(m)), the 11-amino acid peptide from the C-terminus of virion precursor protein pVI (pVIc) and the viral DNA. The viral DNA stimulates covalent AVP-pVIc complexes (AVP-pVIc) as a polyanion with a high negative charge density. Here, the interactions of AVP-pVIc with different polymers with high negative charge densities, polymers of glutamic acid (polyE), were characterized. The rate of substrate hydrolysis by AVP-pVIc increased with increasing concentrations of polyE. At higher concentrations of polyE, the increase in the rate of substrate hydrolysis approached saturation. Although glutamic acid did not stimulate enzyme activity, glutamic acid and NaCl could displace DNA from AVP-pVIc.(DNA) complexes; the K(i) values were 230 and 329 nM, respectively. PolyE binds to the DNA binding site on AVP-pVIc as polyE and DNA compete for binding to AVP-pVIc. The equilibrium dissociation constant for 1.3 kDa polyE binding to AVP-pVIc was 56 nM. On average, one molecule of AVP-pVIc binds to 12 residues in polyE. Comparison of polyE and 12-mer single-stranded DNA interacting with AVP-pVIc revealed the binding constants are similar, as are the Michaelis-Menten constants for substrate hydrolysis. The number of ion pairs formed upon the binding of 1.3 kDa polyE to AVP-pVIc was 2, and the nonelectrostatic change in free energy upon binding was -6.5 kcal. These observations may be physiologically relevant as they infer that AVP may bind to proteins that have regions of negative charge density. This would restrict activation of the enzyme to the locus of the cofactor within the cell.
The plcR regulon is involved in the opportunistic properties of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus in mice and insects (2000)

Bacillus thuringiensis has been widely used for 40 years as a safe biopesticide for controlling agricultural pests and mosquitoes because it produces insecticidal crystal proteins. However, spores have also been shown to contribute to overall entomopathogenicity. Here, the opportunistic properties of acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis Cry(-) and Bacillus cereus strains were investigated in an insect species, Galleria mellonella, and in a mammal, BALB/c mice. In both animal models, the pathogenicity of the two bacterial species was similar. Mutant strains were constructed in which the plcR gene, encoding a pleiotropic regulator of extracellular factors, was disrupted. In larvae, co-ingestion of 10(6) spores of the parental strain with a sublethal concentration of Cry1C toxin caused 70% mortality whereas only 7% mortality was recorded if spores of the DeltaplcR mutant strain were used. In mice, nasal instillation of 10(8) spores of the parental strain caused 100% mortality whereas instillation with the same number of DeltaplcR strain spores caused much lower or no mortality. Similar effects were obtained if vegetative cells were used instead of spores. The cause of death is unknown and is unlikely to be due to actual growth of the bacteria in mice. The lesions caused by B. thuringiensis supernatant in infected mice suggested that haemolytic toxins were involved. The cytolytic properties of strains of B. thuringiensis and B. cereus, using sheep, horse and human erythrocytes and G. mellonella haemocytes, were therefore investigated. The level of cytolytic activity is highly reduced in DeltaplcR strains. Together, the results indicate that the pathogenicity of B. thuringiensis strain 407 and B. cereus strain ATCC 14579 is controlled by PlcR.
3D undersampled golden‐radial phase encoding for DCE‐MRA using inherently regularized iterative SENSE (2010)

One of the current limitations of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography is the requirement of both high spatial and high temporal resolution. Several undersampling techniques have been proposed to overcome this problem. However, in most of these methods the tradeoff between spatial and temporal resolution is constant for all the time frames and needs to be specified prior to data collection. This is not optimal for dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography where the dynamics of the process are difficult to predict and the image quality requirements are changing during the bolus passage. Here, we propose a new highly undersampled approach that allows the retrospective adaptation of the spatial and temporal resolution. The method combines a three-dimensional radial phase encoding trajectory with the golden angle profile order and non-Cartesian Sensitivity Encoding (SENSE) reconstruction. Different regularization images, obtained from the same acquired data, are used to stabilize the non-Cartesian SENSE reconstruction for the different phases of the bolus passage. The feasibility of the proposed method was demonstrated on a numerical phantom and in three-dimensional intracranial dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography of healthy volunteers. The acquired data were reconstructed retrospectively with temporal resolutions from 1.2 sec to 8.1 sec, providing a good depiction of small vessels, as well as distinction of different temporal phases.
Ferrite/Austenite Stabilizing Parameter of Alloying Elements in Steel at 200&sim;500&deg;C (1974)

Partial molar free energy difference ΔGXα⁄γFe is one of the most important parameters to represent the functions of the alloying elements in steel. This parameter was defined as the free energy change accompanied by transfer of one mole of each alloying element from ferrite to austenite, and the value has been obtained from α⁄γ equilibrium compositions in the Fe–X system. In the present work, the parameters for various alloying elements were evaluated from the data on Msγ→α and Asα→γ temperatures of Fe–Ni–X alloys. The results show that the parameter generally changes depending on temperature, especially near the Curie point of iron, and some of the ferrite stabilizing elements, Cr, Mo, W and V act as austenite stabilizers at low temperature. The considerable temperature dependence of the parameter ΔGXα⁄γFe was considered to be mainly due to the magnetic effect suggested by Zener and Hillert et al.
How bacterial protein toxins enter cells: the role of partial unfolding in membrane translocation (1992)

Bacterial protein toxins translocate across membranes by processes that are still mysterious. Studies on diphtheria toxin have shown that partial unfolding processes play a major role in toxin membrane insertion and translocation. Similar unfolding behaviour is seen with other bacterial toxins. The lessons gained from this behaviour allow us to propose novel mechanisms for toxin translocation.
[Study of nylestriol effect on bone histomorphometric parameters in ovariectomized rats]. (1999)

Trabecular bone volume and bone turnover rate can be improved by 3 month administrations of nylestriol in osteoporotic rat models.
Epoxy device bonding and die handling techniques for hybrid microcircuits (1973)

Epoxies are quite common commercially, and they can now be used in the assembly of high reliability hybrid microcircuits. The most recent advancements in epoxy technology even permits its use for device bonding in military and spaceflight applications-provided there is adequate documentation of process control. A NASA paper, released in 1972, states: “Epoxy cements of both liquid and dry film types (preforms) produce satisfactory bonds for Classes “A,” “B,” and “C,” spaceflight microcircuit applications.” This use encourages passive chip component attachment with nonconductive epoxies and discourages electrically conductive adhesives in Class “A” circuits until further research can be conducted.
Boosting Parallel File System Performance via Heterogeneity-Aware Selective Data Layout (2015)

Hybrid parallel file systems (PFS) that combine HDD servers with SSD servers provide a promising solution for data intensive applications. The efficiency of a hybrid PFS relies on the data layout schemes. However, most current layout strategies are designed for homogeneous servers, which neither address the heterogeneity of servers nor the varying access patterns of applications. In this paper, we propose HAS, a novel heterogeneity-aware selective data layout scheme for hybrid PFSs. HAS alleviates inter-server load imbalance through skewing data distribution on heterogeneous servers based on their storage performance. Furthermore, to obtain the optimal performance for a specific access pattern, HAS selects one static data layout policy with lowest access cost from three typical layout candidates as the final file data layout method. To adapt to the mixed access patterns within an application, HAS uses a dynamic data layout scheme, which stores file with multiple copies, each using a different data layout policy, and then selects the copy with the lowest access cost to serve file requests. We have implemented HAS within MPICH2 and OrangeFS. Experimental results show that HAS can significantly increase the I/O throughput of hybrid PFSs, compared to existing data layout optimization methods.
Deep learning with convolutional neural networks for brain mapping and decoding of movement-related information from the human EEG. (2017)

Deep learning with convolutional neural networks (deep ConvNets) has
revolutionized computer vision through end-to-end learning, i.e. learning from
the raw data. Now, there is increasing interest in using deep ConvNets for
end-to-end EEG analysis. However, little is known about many important aspects
of how to design and train ConvNets for end-to-end EEG decoding, and there is
still a lack of techniques to visualize the informative EEG features the
ConvNets learn. Here, we studied deep ConvNets with a range of different architectures,
designed for decoding imagined or executed movements from raw EEG. Our results
show that recent advances from the machine learning field, including batch
normalization and exponential linear units, together with a cropped training
strategy, boosted the deep ConvNets decoding performance, reaching or
surpassing that of the widely-used filter bank common spatial patterns (FBCSP)
decoding algorithm. While FBCSP is designed to use spectral power modulations,
the features used by ConvNets are not fixed a priori. Our novel methods for
visualizing the learned features demonstrated that ConvNets indeed learned to
use spectral power modulations in the alpha, beta and high gamma frequencies.
These methods also proved useful as a technique for spatially mapping the
learned features, revealing the topography of the causal contributions of
features in different frequency bands to decoding the movement classes. Our study thus shows how to design and train ConvNets to decode
movement-related information from the raw EEG without handcrafted features and
highlights the potential of deep ConvNets combined with advanced visualization
techniques for EEG-based brain mapping.
Constructionist learning through serious games (2011)

The role of gaming in communicating environmental concerns is increasingly important as video gaming and sustainability concerns make parallel ascensions in our contemporary social and cultural vernacular. This paper discusses the evolution of a game design class that adjusted its focus towards exploring the communicative potential of serious games, specifically to stimulate learning in children about sustainability concepts such as energy conservation, deforestation and carbon footprints. The author had a specific interest in the potential of integrating constructionist learning principles with increased ubiquity of video games. The course covered theoretical precedents in play and learning, design processes and methods used in creating persuasive games, and investigated character and level design. This paper will also describe selected case studies of student prototypes.