gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OZONE TREATMENT OF SOLUBLE ORGANICS IN PRODUCED WATER (FEAC307) (2001)

Oil production is shifting from ''shallow'' wells (0-650 ft water depth) to off-shore, deep-water operations (>2,600 ft.). Production from these operations is now approaching 20%. By 2007, it is projected that as much as 70% of the U.S. oil production will be from deep-water operations. The crude oil from these deep wells is more polar, thus increasing the amount of dissolved hydrocarbons in the produced water. Early data from Gulf of Mexico (GOM) wells indicate that the problem with soluble organics will increase significantly as deep-water production increases. Existing physical/chemical treatment technologies used to remove dispersed oil from produced water will not remove dissolved organics. GOM operations are rapidly moving toward design of high-capacity platforms that will require compact, low-cost, efficient treatment processes to comply with current and future water quality regulations. This project is an extension of previous research to improve the applicability of ozonation and will help address the petroleum industry-wide problem of treating water containing soluble organics. The goal of this project is to maximize oxidation of water-soluble organics during a single-pass operation. The project investigates: (1) oxidant production by electrochemical and sonochemical methods, (2) increasing the mass transfer rate in the reactor by forming microbubbles during ozone injection into the produced water, and (3) using ultraviolet irradiation to enhance the reaction if needed. Industrial collaborators include Chevron, Shell, Phillips, BP Amoco, Statoil, and Marathon Oil through a joint project with the Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF). The research and demonstration program consists of three phases: (1) Laboratory testing in batch reactors to compare effectiveness of organics destruction using corona discharge ozone generation methods with hydrogen peroxide generated sonochemically and to evaluate the enhancement of destruction by UV light and micro-bubble spraying. (2) Continuous-flow studies to determine the efficacy of various contactors, the dependency of organics destruction on process variables, and scale-up issues. (3) Field testing of a prototype system in close collaboration with an industrial partner to generate performance data suitable for scale-up and economic evaluation.
Leflunomide, a novel immunomodulating agent, prevents the development of allergic sensitization in an animal model of allergic asthma (1998)

These data suggests that leflunomide can prevent primary allergic sensitization and prevent allergen-induced EAR by inhibiting production of allergen-specific IgE antibodies. Further studies in atopic conditions are warranted.
Physicians' Needs and Interests in Continuing Medical Education (1968)

To improve the quality of patient care, continuing medical education must be oriented to the individual physician's practice and must be related to his particular interests and needs. All physicians are interested in learning when they have a need to know and when they are able to get help on their own terms. They want to become more efficient in their practices as well as to learn how to practice better. We know very little about the practical educational needs of the practicing physician and there are few instruments available to assist us or him in diagnosing his needs. Even if he manages to diagnose his own needs, few opportunities exist for him to express them. It is also true that on their own, individuals tend not to express precisely what they need, but rather their interests. A first step, therefore, would seem to be to engage physicians in a
Formation of the yeast splicing complex A1 and association of the splicing factor PRP19 with the pre-mRNA are independent of the 3′ region of the intron (1994)

Assembly of the spliceosome is a step-wise process and involves sequential binding of snRNAs to the pre-mRNA to form pre-splicing complex A2-1. Subsequent dissociation of U4 from the spliceosome is accompanied by formation of complex A1 (Genes Dev. 1, 1014-1027, 1987). We show that the 3' region of the intron sequence is not required for efficient assembly of the yeast spliceosome. Truncated precursor mRNA retaining only four or five nucleotides 3' to the TACTAAC box formed pre-splicing complex A1, kinetically the last pre-mRNA containing splicing complex identified. The subsequent cleavage--ligation reaction requires at least 23 nucleotides on the 3' side of the TACTAAC box in a sequence-independent manner. Immunoprecipitation with anti-PRP19 antibody showed that association of PRP19 with the spliceosome was also independent of the 3' region of the intron.
IRF4 Is a Suppressor of c-Myc Induced B Cell Leukemia (2011)

Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a critical transcriptional regulator in B cell development and function. We have previously shown that IRF4, together with IRF8, orchestrates pre-B cell development by limiting pre-B cell expansion and by promoting pre-B cell differentiation. Here, we report that IRF4 suppresses c-Myc induced leukemia in EμMyc mice. Our results show that c-Myc induced leukemia was greatly accelerated in the IRF4 heterozygous mice (IRF4(+/-)Myc); the average age of mortality in the IRF4(+/-)Myc mice was only 7 to 8 weeks but was 20 weeks in the control mice. Our results show that IRF4(+/-)Myc leukemic cells were derived from large pre-B cells and were hyperproliferative and resistant to apoptosis. Further analysis revealed that the majority of IRF4(+/-)Myc leukemic cells inactivated the wild-type IRF4 allele and contained defects in Arf-p53 tumor suppressor pathway. p27(kip) is part of the molecular circuitry that controls pre-B cell expansion. Our results show that expression of p27(kip) was lost in the IRF4(+/-)Myc leukemic cells and reconstitution of IRF4 expression in those cells induced p27(kip) and inhibited their expansion. Thus, IRF4 functions as a classical tumor suppressor to inhibit c-Myc induced B cell leukemia in EμMyc mice.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Carbon Black Reinforced Natural Rubber by Atomic Force Microscopy (2006)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has an advantage of obtaining topographic and mechanical properties at the same time. In analyzing the force-distance curve using Hertz theory, Young's modulus is obtained with nanometer-scale resolution. Furthermore, sample deformation by the force exerted is also estimated from the force-distance curve analysis. We can reconstruct a real topographic image by incorporating apparent height with deformation image. We applied this method for obtaining information on mechanical properties of carbon black reinforced natural rubber. We were able to obtain Young's modulus distribution image together with apparent topographic and reconstructed real topographic images. Then we were able to recognize three regions; rubber, carbon black (or bound rubber) and interfacial regions. Though the existence of these regions had been investigated by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance, this paper would be the first report on the quantitative evaluation of the interfacial region in real space.
A Biased Non-Gαi OXE-R Antagonist Demonstrates That Gαi Protein Subunit Is Not Directly Involved in Neutrophil, Eosinophil, and Monocyte Activation by 5-Oxo-ETE (2014)

Gαi-coupled chemoattractant receptors, such as the 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) receptor (OXE-R), are able to switch on Gαiβγ protein-dependent and β-arrestin-related signaling traits. However, which of these signaling pathways are truly important for the chemoattractant functions in leukocytes is not clarified yet. As we recently reported, Gue1654 is a unique Gβγ-biased OXE-R antagonist having no inhibitory activity on Gαi-related signaling, which makes Gue1654 an unprecedented tool for assessing the involvement of G protein subunits in chemoattractant receptor function. β-arrestin2 recruitment was studied in OXE-R-overexpressing HEK293 cells using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays. Activation of leukocytes was assessed by flow cytometric assays and by immunofluorescence microscopy. Leukocyte capture to endothelial cells was addressed under physiological flow conditions. We found that Gue1654 blocks β-arrestin2 recruitment in HEK293 cells overexpressing OXE-R and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in human eosinophils and neutrophils. Furthermore, Gue1654 was able to prevent several 5-oxo-ETE-triggered functional events in eosinophils and neutrophils, such as activation of CD11b/CD18 integrins, oxidative burst, actin polymerization, and interaction with endothelial cells. In addition, Gue1654 completely prevented 5-oxo-ETE-induced Ca(2+) flux and chemotaxis of human primary monocytes. All of these leukocyte responses to 5-oxo-ETE, except ERK1/2 phosphorylation and oxidative burst, were likewise prevented by pertussis toxin. Therefore, we conclude that chemoattractant receptors require Gαi subunits only as adaptors to transactivate the Gβγ heteromers, which then act responsible for cell activation. Finally, our data characterize Gue1654 as a non-Gαi-biased antagonist of OXE-R that provides a new basis for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases that involve activation of eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes.
THE EFFECT OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID ON PLATELET FUNCTION (1968)

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) and sodium salicylate inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen, antigen-antibody complexes, gamma globulin-coated particles or thrombin. These compounds suppress the release of platelet constituents, such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and serotonin, induced by such stimuli. Since ASA and sodium salicylate do not inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation, it appears that their effect on the action of the other stimuli is due to a decrease in the amount of ADP released. The administration of ASA to rabbits (in doses which inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation) impaired hemostasis, prolonged platelet survival, and diminished the amount of deposit formed in an extracorporeal shunt.
Chlorination as a useful method to modulate conjugated polymers: balanced and ambient-stable ambipolar high-performance field-effect transistors and inverters based on chlorinated isoindigo polymers (2013)

For the first time, ambient-stable and balanced carrier transport is achieved in polymer ambipolar field-effect transistors (FETs) and inverters with high performance. With chlorinated isoindigo polymers, FETs fabricated in ambient conditions show hole mobilities up to 0.81 cm2 V−1 s−1 and dramatically increased electron mobilities from 10−2 to 0.66 cm2 V−1 s−1. Hence, chlorination is effective to modulate electronic properties and improve the device performance of conjugated polymers.
The influence of pressure and conductivity on the pulsed breakdown of water (1994)

The influence of hydrostatic pressure and liquid conductivity on the dielectric breakdown of water solutions subjected to high amplitude electric fields of sub-microsecond duration has been investigated. Well-defined pulses (80 kV, 3 ns risetime, 100 ns duration) have been applied to a gap (0.4 to 2.1 mm), between Rogowski profile electrodes (thus ensuring a uniform electric field), containing de-ionized water (non-distilled, and distilled and ultrasonically treated), sodium chloride solutions (0.001 to 1.0 molar), or magnesium sulfate solutions (0.01 to 0.1 molar). Breakdown in these liquids has been studied at pressures from atmospheric up to 40 MPa. The inter-electrode potential and the current response were measured indicating the time lag to breakdown, breakdown voltage, and temporal characteristics of the breakdown process. The breakdown time lag increases with increasing pressure, and is insensitive to the liquid conductivity. These findings have relevance to the ongoing discussion concerning 'thermal' vs. 'electronic' mechanisms for dielectric breakdown in liquids. In particular, the results suggest that breakdown evolves via 'bubble' formation by field emitted currents near asperities on the cathode, and that the time for the change in liquid conductivity as a result of breakdown is limited by processes other than ionization growth (due to electron impact ionization of molecules in the 'bubble') of prebreakdown electron currents.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibitive Performance of Gemini Surfactants as Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Formic Acid (2010)

Three new gemini surfactants referred to as n-2-n (where n= 6, 12, 16) were developed as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel. Their critical micelle concentration (cmc) at equilibrium in water at 30ºC was determined. Corrosion inhibition studies of mild steel in formic acid by gemini surfactants were conducted by using weight loss, electrochemical polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Scanning electron microscopic study (SEM) was also used to investigate the surface morphology of inhibited and uninhibited metal samples. The results obtained show that the surfactants studied are good mixed type inhibitors. The result was also correlated with several factors, including the chain length of the hydrophobic chains, critical micelle concentration (cmc) and adsorption free energy of these inhibitors. The adsorption of all the gemini surfactants was found to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm. EIS results indicate that the change in the impedance parameters (Rt and Cdl) with concentration of inhibitors was due to the formation of a protective layer on the surface of mild steel.
Cellular cysteine generation does not contribute to the initiation of LDL oxidation. (1996)

It has been suggested that the generation of cysteine (Cys-SH) by cells may play a role in the initiation of oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Cysteine has long been considered as an antioxidant. We studied the effect of Cys-SH on the oxidation of LDL by copper. The presence of Cys-SH had a profound inhibitory effect on the formation of conjugated dienes when fresh LDL was used. However, when we used LDL samples that were subjected to pre-incubation with copper, a progressive decrease in the inhibition and an actual enhancement of oxidation by Cys-SH could be demonstrated. The oxidation of freshly prepared LDL by RAW macrophages as compared to older LDL was considerably less. The addition of Cys-SH inhibited the oxidation of LDL by cells. In contrast, the addition of cystine (Cys-S-S) enhanced the oxidation of older LDL preparations while such additions had no effect on the oxidation of freshly prepared LDL. When pre-incubated LDL was subjected to oxidation by cells an enhancement of oxidation by Cys-S-S could be noted. These results demonstrate that the role of Cys-SH generated as a result of cellular recycling of Cys-S-S in the oxidation of LDL may not relate to the initiation of oxidation reactions. However, Cys-SH may enhance the rate of oxidation of LDL that may contain peroxides.
Acid-etched microtexture for enhancement of bone growth into porous-coated implants (2003)

We designed an in vivo study to determine if the superimposition of a microtexture on the surface of sintered titanium beads affected the extent of bone ingrowth. Cylindrical titanium intramedullary implants were coated with titanium beads to form a porous finish using commercial sintering techniques. A control group of implants was left in the as-sintered condition. The test group was etched in a boiling acidic solution to create an irregular surface over the entire porous coating. Six experimental dogs underwent simultaneous bilateral femoral intramedullary implantation of a control implant and an acid etched implant. At 12 weeks, the implants were harvested in situ and the femora processed for undecalcified, histological examination. Eight transverse serial sections for each implant were analysed by backscattered electron microscopy and the extent of bone ingrowth was quantified by computer-aided image analysis. The extent of bone ingrowth into the control implants was 15.8% while the extent of bone ingrowth into the etched implants was 25.3%, a difference of 60% that was statistically significant. These results are consistent with other research that documents the positive effect of microtextured surfaces on bone formation at an implant surface. The acid etching process developed for this study represents a simple method for enhancing the potential of commonly available porous coatings for biological fixation.
IFQ: a visual query interface and query generator for object-based media retrieval (1997)

There are two major directions for image retrieval system development. The first direction is the direct manipulation of information using query languages, which are precise to computers but not user friendly. The second direction is the development of natural interfaces, such as query by image example. The latter approach has the advantage of better query visualization, but it usually yields a low precision because users' drawings may not be precise. IFQ (In Frame Query) is a visual user query interface for object-based media retrieval systems. It aims at not only providing a natural visual query interface but also supporting precise direct manipulation through automated query generation. Furthermore, IFQ gives users the flexibility of using combinations of semantic expressions, conceptual definitions, sketch, and image examples to pose queries.
The Oil State (1998)

The foundation of Saudi Arabia, not the first Saudi state but the largest, was destined to mark the beginning of a new and important phase in the Middle East. The tumultuous births of nations that endure over time — in the twentieth century, Israel, India, Pakistan, People's China and others — are always significant, for good or ill, in the regions concerned and for the wider world, but the emergence of a unified state over 80 per cent of the Arabian peninsula was set to have an immense local and global impact. This was not primarily because of the singular qualities of Ibn Saud, a formidable leader (but also, in world terms, an ignorant man), but because of oil.KeywordsSaudi ArabiaMiddle EastArabian PeninsulaArab WorldArab StateThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Metastasis After Radical Prostatectomy or External Beam Radiotherapy for Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: A Comparison of Clinical Cohorts Adjusted for Case Mix (2010)

Metastatic progression is infrequent in men with low-risk prostate cancer treated with either RP or EBRT. RP patients with higher-risk disease treated had a lower risk of metastatic progression and prostate cancer-specific death than EBRT patients. These results may be confounded by differences in the use and timing of salvage therapy.
The phenotype of soluble starch synthase IV defective mutants of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> suggests a novel function of elongation enzymes in the control of starch granule formation (2007)

All plants and green algae synthesize starch through the action of the same five classes of elongation enzymes: the starch synthases. Arabidopsis mutants defective for the synthesis of the soluble starch synthase IV (SSIV) type of elongation enzyme have now been characterized. The mutant plants displayed a severe growth defect but nonetheless accumulated near to normal levels of polysaccharide storage. Detailed structural analysis has failed to yield any change in starch granule structure. However, the number of granules per plastid has dramatically decreased leading to a large increase in their size. These results, which distinguish the SSIV mutants from all other mutants reported to date, suggest a specific function of this enzyme class in the control of granule numbers. We speculate therefore that SSIV could be selectively involved in the priming of starch granule formation.
CD47 expression attenuates Ebola virus-induced immunopathology in mice (2021)

It has been shown that a very early cell-intrinsic response to infection is the upregulation of CD47 cell surface expression, a molecule known for delivering a "don't eat me signal" that inhibits macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Thus, blockade of CD47 signaling during lymphocytic choriomenigitis virus infections of mice has been shown to enhance the kinetics and potency of immune responses, thereby producing faster recovery. It seems counterintuitive that one of the earliest responses to infection would be immunoinhibitory, but it has been hypothesized that CD47 induction acts as an innate immune system checkpoint to prevent immune overactivation and immunopathogenic responses during certain infections. In the current study we examined the effect of CD47 blockade on lethal Ebola virus infection of mice. At 6 days post-infection, CD47 blockade was associated with significantly increased activation of B cells along with increases in recently cytolytic CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. However, the anti-CD47-treated mice exhibited increased weight loss, higher virus titers, and succumbed more rapidly. The anti-CD47-treated mice also had increased inflammatory cytokines in the plasma indicative of a "cytokine storm". Thus, in the context of this rapid hemorrhagic disease, CD47 blockade indeed exacerbated immunopathology and disease severity.
A Novel Reconstructive Technique After Endoscopic Expanded Endonasal Approaches: Vascular Pedicle Nasoseptal Flap (2006)

The HBF is a versatile and reliable reconstructive technique for defects of the anterior, middle, clival, and parasellar skull base. Its use has resulted in a sharp decrease in the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks after endonasal skull base surgery and is recommended for the reconstruction of large dural defects and when postoperative radiation therapy is anticipated.
METHYL BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES ON HORTICULTURAL CROPS (2000)

[EN] A very intensive crop rotation, with three to four crops per year, typical in Valencia,\nfrequently includes the earth almond Cyperus sculentus (Xufa) that acts as a real weed for\nthe next crop. Methyl bromide (MB) is the preferred fumigant to control both diseases\nand weeds in this kind of rotation.\nThe crop rotation begun by an escarole crop (September to January), followed by potato\n(February to May) and watermelon (May to August).\nDisinfestation treatments to compare were: 1) Non fumigated control; 2) Standard MB\npolyethylene (PE) 60g/ m2 ; 3) MB VIF 30g/ m2; 4) Solarization + Manure 5Kg/ m2; 5)\nSolarization + MS (N-Methyl Dithiocarbamate Sodic 40% p/v) 36g/ m2; 6) Telone C35\nMechanical application 40g/ m2; 7) Telone II (1,3-Dichloropropene 93%p/p)18g/ m2 +\nMS 108g/m2\nAll treatments are rather effective in controlling weeds when compared to the non treated\ncontrol, the increase in cost of removing weeds is particularly high if none treatment is\napplied.\nOnly the escarole crop suffered the attack of Scleotinia minar and treatments 2 and 7 gave\na very good protection as is revealed by a low percent of debris.\nNo specific pathogens were found in potato and watermelon crops, nevertheless grafting\nis confirmed as a very good technique that increases the yield of watermelon.\nSolarization treatments did not differ significantly from control in this experiment.\nTreatment 7 is as good as MB in sorne of the instances, but disinfestation with MB is\nabsolutely necessary if non grafted plants of watermelon are employed.
Privacy preserving multi-factor authentication with biometrics (2007)

An emerging approach to the problem of identity theft is represented by the adoption of biometric authentication systems. Such systems however present several challenges, related to privacy, reliability and security of the biometric data. Inter-opera