gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Degradation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxins on TiO<sub>2</sub> Film under UV or Solar Light Irradiation (2000)

The photocatalytic degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), which include mono-, tetra-, hepta-, and octachlorinated congeners (MCDD, TCDD, HpCDD and OCDD), was carried out on TiO2 films under UV (λ > 300 nm) or solar light irradiation in the air. All the dioxin congeners tested were successfully degraded on TiO2 while the direct photolysis of them in the absence of TiO2 was negligible. The photocatalytic degradation rates of PCDDs decreased with the number of chlorines and were described by the first-order reaction kinetics with half-lives of 5.8, 3.9, 0.71, and 0.38 h for OCDD, HpCDD, TCDD, and MCDD, respectively. The degradation rates increased with light intensity and TiO2 coating weights up to 2 mW/cm2 (300 < λ < 400 nm) and 200 μg of TiO2/cm2, respectively. Further increases in either the light intensity or the TiO2 coating mass did not much affect the degradation rate. The natural solar light under clear sky conditions was as effective as a 200-W mercury lamp irradiation (filtered through a Pyrex filter) in degrading OCDD on TiO2. The photocatalytic degradation of PCDDs seems to be initiated by OH radical attack and not by conduction band electron transfer. From a diffuse reflectance FTIR study, the degradation of OCDD was found to involve the cleavage of the aromatic ring. Neither stable intermediates nor dechlorinated PCDDs were detected during the photocatalytic degradation.
Practical approaches of taste masking technologies in oral solid forms (2007)

In the pharmaceutical industry, taste masking techniques are applied to prevent active pharmaceutical ingredients exhibiting a bitter and unpleasant taste. The oral administration of bitter drugs through solid dosage forms requires an acceptable degree of palatability, patient tolerance and significant therapeutic value. In the recent years, enormous progress in taste masking technologies has given rise to novel strategies such as fast dissolving dosage forms, chewable tablets and coating of molten materials. Similarly, common technologies applying double coating layers, microencapsulation or even chemical modification have been employed to improve patient compliance. This review endeavours to present the practical technologies and platforms applied for taste masking and indicate the most interesting features of each approach.
Performance and safety of an integrated bihormonal artificial pancreas for fully automated glucose control at home (2016)

The results of this pilot study suggest that our integrated artificial pancreas provides better glucose control than insulin pump therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes at home and that the treatment is safe.
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE URBAN PROCESS AND SPACE FORMATION OF THE CITY OF SANTO DOMINGO (DOMINICAN REPUBLIC) (2010)

Authors have been conducting the field research under the title ‘Origin, Transformation, Alteration and Conservation of Urban Space of Colonial cities’since 1999. Through the analysis of the colonial maps, authors discuss the urban process and the space formation of the city of Santo Domingo. In the period of the Spanish urbanism in America, the city of Santo Domingo was the first European city founded in the American continent by a grid form. This study on Santo Domingo has been accomplished based on the analysis of old maps corresponding to colonial Spanish period. As cartographic database, 916 images and maps from AGI (The Archive of the Indies in Seville- Archivo de Indias de Sevilla), are used for analysis. In the analysis of the colonial maps and the fieldwork, we clarify the urban formation and the process of Santo Domingo until the present days, and we discuss their characteristics.
Tensile Adhesive Chracteristics of Waterproofing System for Concrete Bridge Decks (2002)

The waterproofing system's performance is known to show a determing by complex interaction of material factors, design details, and the quality of construction, and the waterproofing integrity of waterproofing membranes is determined by the bond to the deck and the amount of damage to the waterproofing membrane. In this research, the basic properties of waterproofing membranes on market and the tensile adhesive chracteristics of waterproofing systems of concrete bridge deck have also been investigated in the view of the damages frequently reported from job site. For the tensile adhesive strength of sheet waterproofing membranes, the results after asphalt concrete paving tends to increase more than before those. The results of the liquid waterproofing membranes are upside-down, and the more concrete has strength, the more strength of tensile adhesive increase. The ambient temperature of asphalt concrete when application of the waterproofing membrane has considerable influence on the performance of waterproofing system. As described above, waterproofing system can be influenced by several factors. If they are not considered under construction, the overlooking will cause the damages of pavement and waterproofing system after traffic opening.
Toward High Performance Neural Prostheses (2012)

Krishna V. Shenoy discusses neural prostheses research at Stanford.
A Novel Fluorescent Sensor Protein for Visualization of Redox States in the Cytoplasm and in Peroxisomes (2010)

Reactive oxygen species are generated within peroxisomes during peroxisomal metabolism. However, due to technological difficulties, the intraperoxisomal redox state remain elusive, and the effect of peroxisome deficiency on the intracellular redox state is controversial. A newly developed, genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe, Redoxfluor, senses the physiological redox state via its internal disulfide bonds, resulting in a change in the conformation of the protein leading to a FRET response. We made use of Redoxfluor to measure the redox states at the subcellular level in yeast and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In wild-type peroxisomes harboring an intact fatty acid beta-oxidation system, the redox state within the peroxisomes was more reductive than that in the cytosol, despite the fact that reactive oxygen species were generated within the peroxisomes. Interestingly, we observed that the redox state of the cytosol of cell mutants for peroxisome assembly, regarded as models for a neurological metabolic disorder, was more reductive than that of the wild-type cells in yeast and CHO cells. Furthermore, Redoxfluor was utilized to develop an efficient system for the screening of drugs that moderate the abnormal cytosolic redox state in the mutant CHO cell lines for peroxisome assembly without affecting the redox state of normal cells.
Sequence specificity at targeting double-stranded DNA with a gamma-PNA oligomer modified with guanidinium G-clamp nucleobases (2010)

γ-PNA, a new class of peptide nucleic acids, promises to overcome previous sequence limitations of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) targeting with PNA. To check the potential of γ-PNA, we have synthesized a biotinylated, pentadecameric γ-PNA of mixed sequence carrying three guanidinium G-clamp nucleobases. We have found that strand invasion reactions of the γ-PNA oligomer to its fully complementary target within dsDNA occurs with significantly higher binding rates than to targets containing single mismatches. Association of the PNA oligomer to mismatched targets does not go to completion but instead reaches a stationary level at or below 60%, even at conditions of very low ionic strength. Initial binding rates to both matched and mismatched targets experience a steep decrease with increasing salt concentration. We demonstrate that a linear DNA target fragment with the correct target sequence can be purified from DNA mixtures containing mismatched target or unrelated genomic DNA by affinity capture with streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. Similarly, supercoiled plasmid DNA is obtained with high purity from an initial sample mixture that included a linear DNA fragment with the fully complementary sequence. Based on the results obtained in this study we believe that γ-PNA has a great potential for specific targeting of chosen duplex DNA sites in a sequence-unrestricted fashion.
The Insulin-like growth factors : structure and biological functions (1992)

P.N. Schofield: Introduction W.H. Daughaday: The historical evolution of concepts of the role of insulin-like growth factors J.L. Van den Brande: Structure of the human insulin-like growth factors: relationship to function A. Ward & C.J. Ellis: The insulin-like growth factor genes C. Moxham & S. Jacobs: Insulin-like growth factor receptors R.H. McCusker & D.R. Clemmons: The insulin-like growth factor binding proteins: structure and biological functions P. Bang & K. Hall: Insulin-like growth factors as endocrine and paracrine hormones V.K.M. Han & D.J. Hill: The involvement of insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and fetal development E. Jennische, J. Isagaard & O.G.P. Isaksson: Local expression of insulin-like growth factors P.N. Schofield & W. Engstrom: Insulin-like growth factors in human cancer V.R. Sara: The role of insulin-like growth factors in the nervous system Index.
Professional Lighting Handbook (1985)

This thoroughly updated edition of the lighting 'bible' guides readers through technical foundations, equipment, and techniques of lighting for film and video productions. It details all major lighting topics, including: characteristics of light; fixture structures and components; light source types, operating principles, and use; unit power requirements; light controllers, modifiers, and filters, and how to select them; the aesthetics of lighting the set. (source : éditeur)
<title>Laser remote monitoring of plant photosynthetic activity</title> (1995)

Laboratory measurements of laser induced chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics (Kautsky effect) on dark-adapted vegetation targets (maize, pine-tree) have been performed with a lidar fluorosensor by superimposing probe pulses upon an actinic light. The collected induction curves (fast rise and slow decline) have been used to reveal the occurrence of stresses and the damage produced by a pine-tree parasite. A new two-pulse LIF (laser induced fluorescence) methodology has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally, in view of remotely monitoring the plant photosynthetic activity. This technique may yield information upon the in-vivo photosynthetic processes of plants, revealing a possible stress status (nutrients depletion, presence of herbicides, photoinhibition, etc.). The lidar apparatus used contains two laser sources in order to differentially measure the chlorophyll fluorescence by means of a laser pump-and-probe technique. In fact LIF signals in the red chlorophyll band 690 nm may provide in-vivo information upon photosynthesis process in high order plants and algae. Laser pump-and-probe experimental tests, with excitation 355 nm or 532 nm, already detect the presence of herbicides, and the effects of plant exposure to thermal stresses and to low levels of gaseous pollutants. Laser measured fluorescence yields (Y) have been found to be consistent with those obtained by an in-situ fluorimeter (PAM). With proper choices of experimental parameters (pump and probe laser intensities), Y approaches the theoretical value expected for a healthy dark-adapted plant.
Wafer-chip assembly for large-scale integration (1968)

A technique has been developed for achieving a very high density interconnection of active silicon devices to permit the fabrication of large electronic subsystems in essentially monolithic form. The technique has been used to assemble a MOS 2000-bit shift register containing 12 000 MOS transistors on a 300 by 600 mils silicon substrate. The register utilizes ten 200-bit shift-register chips, each containing 1200 transistors. Four-phase MOS logic techniques are used to obtain very low power (0.1 mW/bit) and/or high frequency (10 MHZ) operation. In the technique used to assemble the 2000-bit shift register, silicon large-scale array chips are face-down bonded in adjoining positions on a larger silicon wafer section which may contain additional layers of interconnections and/or active devices as required to form a complete system subassembly. Since the same photoengraving technology is used in the substrate as on the chips, very high packing densities can be achieved, with minimum chip area required for interconnections. This approach also minimizes the parasitic capacitance associated with more conventional techniques for encapsulating and interconnecting large-scale arrays. In the case of MOS circuits, large area-buffer devices are not needed due to the small capacitance in the wafer-chip interconnections. Various techniques have been evolved for processing the chips and substrates produce contact regions which permit the required high fabrication yields. The bonding conditions and metallurgical systems used to date in fabricating large shift-register assemblies will be described and compared with other approaches.
Depth-peeling for texture-based volume rendering (2004)

We present the concept of volumetric depth-peeling. The proposed method is conceived to render interior and exterior iso-surfaces for a fixed iso-value and to blend them without the need to render the volume multiple times. The main advantage of our method over pre-integrated volume rendering is the ability to extract arbitrarily many iso-layers for the given iso-value. Up to now, pre-integrated volume rendering is only capable of visualizing the nearest two (front and back-faced) iso-surfaces. A further gain of our algorithm is the rendering speed, since it does not depend on the number of layers to be extracted, as for previous depth-peeling methods. We rather exploit the natural slicing order of 3D texturing to circumvent the handicap of storing intermediate layers in textures, as done in polygonal-based depth-peeling approaches. We are further capable of rapidly previewing the volume data, when only few context information about the concerning dataset is available. An important example of use in the area of non-photorealistic rendering is given, where we can distinguish between visible and hidden silhouettes, which are important elements in stylization. By using standard OpenGL extensions, we allow the exploration of spatial relationships in the volume -at interactive rates- in hardware.
Restriction maps for twenty-one Charon vector phages (1980)

The mapping of the sites of cleavage of nine restriction endonucleases (EcoRI, HindIII, BamHI, SalI, KpnI, SstI, BglII, XhoI, and XbaI) on 21 Charon phage vectors is described. Maps of individual subsections were obtained and then combined to assemble the complete vector maps. Calculations of maximum and minimum sizes of inserts which may be carried by the vectors using different restriction endonucleases or pairs of restriction endonucleases are presented. The regions mapped include several parts of phi 80 that had not been mapped previously.
Accessibility of DNA in Chromatin to DNA Polymerase and RNA Polymerase (1973)

The accessibility of DNA in chromatin to both exogenous DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase is slight when compared to isolated DNA. DNA in extracted chromatin is somewhat more accessible to these enzymes than is DNA in the chromatin of isolated nuclei; and the DNA template of chromatin is more accessible to DNA polymerase than to RNA polymerase. In these experiments we have given much attention to the technique of scintillation counting, since artifacts arising in this procedure can lead to erroneous conclusions.
Efficient Synthesis of Diverse Monosaccharide Derivatives in the Solid Phase (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEfficient Synthesis of Diverse Monosaccharide Derivatives in the Solid PhaseShū Kobayashi, Takeshi Wakabayashi, and Masaru YasudaView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Science University of Tokyo (SUT), and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 15, 4868–4869Publication Date (Web):June 27, 1998Publication History Received18 February 1998Published online27 June 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9802776https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9802776rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views827Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Carbohydrates,Reaction products,Solid phase synthesis,Solids Get e-Alerts
The Preparation of Cyclic Vinyl Ethers (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Cyclic Vinyl EthersWilliam E. Parham and Howard E. HolmquistCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 3, 913–914Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01147a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01147a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Review of approaches to the problem of driver fatigue and drowsiness (2015)

This article maps the applications and tools for driver fatigue detection currently available and those in development, explores the experimental and research work gained on the development of novice methodologies and tools in this field. The driver drowsiness measurements have been conducted on driving simulators in the laboratories of Czech Technical University in Prague at Faculty of transportation sciences. The later experiments' technical platforms and approaches of measurements are described here along with the analysis of obtained results that are compared to those of the related work experimental experiments. The conclusions about possible best approaches will be provided.
Phase Distortion in Telephone Apparatus* (1930)

This paper shows that if, over its transmitting range, the phase shift, B, in radians, of a four-terminal network may be written B = a <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> + a <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> ω (ω = 2πx frequency in cycles per second), there is no phase distortion if a <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> = N, N being any integer. However, there is a delay, for any signal, given by dB/dω = a <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> (seconds). If N is not an integer, there is a delay, a <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> , and in addition a distortion, which distortion, generally for speech and music, may be neglected. Typical phase characteristics for lines, filters and all-pass networks are shown. In general over their transmitting range, such phase characteristics which usually are curved, may be regarded as the sum of two characteristics, a straight line having a slope corresponding to the minimum slope of the original and which introduces a delay without distortion and a curved portion to which all of the distortion of the signal may be ascribed. Oscillograms are given showing the distortion for a loaded line and for band filters for a signal which is of the form y sin (ω <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> t + θ) between t = 0 and t = T and zero for all other time. A description is given of the means employed for reducing the amount of phase distortion in telephone cable and in low-pass filters in circuits used for program transmission and regular telephone service. Also, phase distortion in repeaters and transformers is described. Brief reference is made to the problem of phase distortion in telegraph, picture transmission, and television circuits.
Observable Operator Models for Discrete Stochastic Time Series (2000)

A widely used class of models for stochastic systems is hidden Markov models. Systems that can be modeled by hidden Markov models are a proper subclass of linearly dependent processes, a class of stochastic systems known from mathematical investigations carried out over the past four decades. This article provides a novel, simple characterization of linearly dependent processes, called observable operator models. The mathematical properties of observable operator models lead to a constructive learning algorithm for the identification of linearly dependent processes. The core of the algorithm has a time complexity of O(N + nm3), where N is the size of training data, n is the number of distinguishable outcomes of observations, and m is model state-space dimension.