gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved zonal wavefront reconstruction algorithm for Hartmann type test with arbitrary grid patterns (2015)

Zonal wavefront reconstruction by use of the well known Southwell algorithm with rectangular grid patterns has been considered in the literature. However, when the grid patterns are nonrectangular, modal wavefront reconstruction has been extensively used. We propose an improved zonal wavefront reconstruction algorithm for Hartmann type test with arbitrary grid patterns. We develop the mathematical expressions to show that the wavefront over arbitrary grid patterns, such as misaligned, partly obscured, and non-square mesh grids, can be estimated well. Both iterative solution and least-square solution for the proposed algorithm are described and compared. Numerical calculation shows that the zonal wavefront reconstruction over nonrectangular profile with the proposed algorithm results in a significant improvement in comparison with the Southwell algorithm.
Neural Processes (2018)

A neural network (NN) is a parameterised function that can be tuned via gradient descent to approximate a labelled collection of data with high precision. A Gaussian process (GP), on the other hand, is a probabilistic model that defines a distribution over possible functions, and is updated in light of data via the rules of probabilistic inference. GPs are probabilistic, data-efficient and flexible, however they are also computationally intensive and thus limited in their applicability. We introduce a class of neural latent variable models which we call Neural Processes (NPs), combining the best of both worlds. Like GPs, NPs define distributions over functions, are capable of rapid adaptation to new observations, and can estimate the uncertainty in their predictions. Like NNs, NPs are computationally efficient during training and evaluation but also learn to adapt their priors to data. We demonstrate the performance of NPs on a range of learning tasks, including regression and optimisation, and compare and contrast with related models in the literature.
Educational attainment and cognitive decline in old age (2009)

The results suggest that education is robustly associated with level of cognitive function but not with rate of cognitive decline and that the former association primarily accounts for education's correlation with risk of dementia in old age.
Design of single layer antireflection coatings for InP/In_053Ga_047As/InP photodetectors for the 1200–1600-nm wavelength range (1988)

Single layer antireflection coatings have been designed and fabricated for frontside illuminated InP/ In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As/InP photodetectors with normal incident light over the 1200-1600-nm wavelength range. The design treats the InP and InGaAs layers as the bottom two layers of a triple layer antireflection coating. A euating fabricated using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon nitride demonstrated <0.5% reflected power at both 1312- and 1559-nm wavelengths simultaneously. The design method used, four antireflection coating designs, and measurement results from fabricated samples using two of the designs are presented.
Carbon Sensor Electrode Containing a Reactant in the Microholes (1992)

Recently it has becoe very imPortant to obtain biological inforations ln vivo in a LQCal Slte Of l1Ving QrganiS a1d tQ get enVirOnental infOrmatiOnS ln SitU Many cheically modifie(l sensors enzye sensors an(i b iosensor s have been inves t i gate(1 however ost of thecan not witstan(1a long-teruse Since we have f(und that a echanical pencilleadcanbeusedasanelectrodefor voltaetry we have fabricated oil-free 1cro electrQdesanefrocarboncoositeconslsting of natural graphite powder and blnder icroholesinthecarboncoposltecanbe controlled3ifreactantscanbentroducedin thesepenporesandh 1eslikeill4Lweculd usetheelectrodesasanefficientrenewableand disposablesensorinalong-tembyonlycutting
BVI Surface Photometry of Four Spiral Galaxies (1993)

We have conducted BVI photographic surface photometry of four spiral galaxies NGC1087, NGC2715, NGC2844 and NGC3593, by making use of the Kiso Schmidt plates. Detailed examination of the morphological properties of the galaxies using isophotal maps and luminosity profiles showed that all the program galaxies have some peculiarities in their luminosity distributions. NGC1087 and NGC2715 have extremely small nuclei with inner rings which contain several bright HII regions. NGC2844 has a very large bulge whose luminosity dominates over the disk luminosity in all the radii. The I-band luminosity profile of NGC3593 shows shallower gradient than B- and V-band profiles. We were able to successfully decompose the luminosity profile into a bulge following de Vaucouleurs and an exponential disk only for NGC 3953. Other galaxies have more complicated luminosit profiles.
Paytooth - A Cashless Mobile Payment System based on Bluetooth (2015)

The government authority, banking industry and regular citizens all experience a high overhead in using cash and credit/debit cards. E-cash and Mobile payment in particular is a feasible alternative to physical cash, since it will experience much lower overhead and offers more convenience. The concept of Mobile Payment is also known as Mobile Money and Mobile Wallet. Here, in all such systems customer will be paying for a wide range of goods and services using mobile phone. In today's world, mobile device is the most popularly used system for Mobile Payment. Wireless and proximity technology provides a new way for implementation and working of mobile payment systems. In this aspect, the capacity and power of using short-range wireless technologies such as Bluetooth is extensive. Bluetooth is an open wireless and widely available protocol for transmitting and receiving data over short distances between two mobile phones. In our proposed system Bluetooth is used as a connection medium between two devices. In this paper, implementation of new concept of mobile payment system using Bluetooth is presented.
Environmental management plan (framework document) (2010)

This environmental assessment for the Turkey Istanbul Seismic Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness Project sets forth the plan for mitigating potentially negative impacts. During construction, spray with water using pressurized water jets to control dust caused by earth removal activities, erect a dust protective barrier, and cover equipment and machinery. To reduce noise, ensure the use of noise control techniques on noisy equipment such as use of machines equipped with appropriate mufflers, also located appropriately. Prepare a plan for handling demolition debris in accordance with regulations by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality; prepare a plan for handling hazardous waste during retrofitting in consultation with the owner or management of public buildings. Execute mitigation measures activities for handling hazardous waste material, such as asbestos, and finally, in accordance with the Accident and Emergency Plan, hospitals will prepare a Radiation Safety Plan for the treatment of personel affected by radiation
OC5 Task II Simulations With FloaWDyn Numerical Model (2017)

A 3D aero-hydro-servo-elastic coupled finite element method (FEM)
numerical model in time domain for structural analysis has been
developed at the UPC-BarcelonaTech (FloaWDyn). The code integrates
the environmental forces from the waves and currents as well as the
aerodynamic loads, including the wind turbine, and the mooring
system. As a part of the FloaWDyn numerical code validation, in the
paper is presented the calibration of the numerical model accordingly to
the DeepCwind experimental scaled model, as well as some simulations
of the Phase 2 of the OC5 project, which include the free decay tests
and some coupled wind and waves tests. The simulations are finally
compared to the results obtained in the experimental campaign at
MARINTEK.
Behavior of Random Hole Optical Fibers under Gamma Ray Irradiation and Its Potential Use in Radiation Sensing Applications (2007)

Effects of radiation on sensing and data transmission components are of greatinterest in many applications including homeland security, nuclear power generation, andmilitary. A new type of microstructured optical fiber (MOF) called the random hole opticalfiber (RHOF) has been recently developed. The RHOFs can be made in many differentforms by varying the core size and the size and extent of porosity in the cladding region.The fibers used in this study possessed an outer diameter of 110 μm and a core ofapproximately 20 μm. The fiber structure contains thousands of air holes surrounding thecore with sizes ranging from less than 100 nm to a few μm. We present the first study ofthe behavior of RHOF under gamma irradiation. We also propose, for the first time to ourknowledge, an ionizing radiation sensor system based on scintillation light from ascintillator phosphor embedded within a holey optical fiber structure. The RHOF radiationresponse was compared to normal single mode and multimode commercial fibers(germanium doped core, pure silica cladding) and to those of radiation resistant fibers (puresilica core with fluorine doped cladding fibers). The comparison was done by measuringradiation-induced absorption (RIA) in all fiber samples at the 1550 nm wavelength window(1545 ± 25 nm). The study was carried out under a high-intensity gamma ray field from a 60Co source (with an exposure rate of 4x104 rad/hr) at an Oak Ridge National Laboratory gamma ray irradiation facility. Linear behavior, at dose values less than 106 rad, was observed in all fiber samples except in the pure silica core fluorine doped cladding fiber which showed RIA saturation at 0.01 dB. RHOF samples demonstrated low RIA (0.02 and 0.005 dB) compared to standard germanium doped core pure silica cladding (SMF and MMF) fibers. Results also showed the possibility of post-fabrication treatment to improve the radiation resistance of the RHOF fibers.
An adaptive M-wave canceler for the EMG controlled functional electrical stimulator and its FPGA implementation (2005)

Biopotential signals have been used as command and feedback signals in systems using electrical stimulation of motor nerves to restore the lost function. In order to use the voluntary electromyography (EMG) as a control signal for the functional electrical stimulation of the same muscle, it is necessary to suppress the M-wave evoked by the electrical stimulation. We present a Gram-Schmidt (GS) prediction error filter which effectively eliminates the M-wave from voluntary EMG. The GS filter has systolic array structure, so it offers advantages for the real-time processing on the field programmable gate array (FPGA). On basis of the data obtained from model for M-wave and voluntary EMG and from CNS injury patient, the proposed GS filter showed a very promising performance.
Storage Stability of Extruded Products from Blends of Meat and Nonmeat Ingredients: Evaluation Methods and Antioxidative Effects of Onion, Carrot, and Oat Ingredients (2002)

ABSTRACT: Expanded extrudates were produced from pork meat (20%)‐defatted soy flour (25%)‐corn starch mixture, with or without additional ingredients: onion powder (1%), alone or in ombination with carrot powder (1.5%) or extract (1.5%), or defatted oat flour (5%). Dried extrudates tored aerobically at 37 °C for 0, 15, 30, or 60 d were evaluated for thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) measured at 450 nm (TBARS@450) and 530 nm (TBARS@530) and for peroxide value (PV). Both TBARS@450 and TBARS@530 were not useful for assessment of either the ingredients or storage time effect. PV decreased between d 0 and d 30 for some products. However, PVs within a given storage time indicated that all the additional ingredient treatments were antioxidative.
Cosmetic Lipids and the Skin Barrier (2001)

Focusing on new biophysical and analytical methods that can assess lipid status and the improvement of skin condition, this reference provides essential quantitative information on the interaction of topically applied lipids with skin barrier lipids. Containing contributions from internationally recognized specialists and over 1000 references, draw
Comprehensive Reservoir Study and Management Through Effective Geological and Engineering Teamwork (1985)

ABSTRACT This paper presents a field study of a carbonate reservoir using geological and numerical simulation models. The paper emphasizes the importance of developing an accurate reservoir description through the joint efforts of geologists and engineers. The field study (Clive pools, Alberta, Canada) incorporated data from a geological study, interference study, material balance study, field-wide simulation study, and hydrostatic-hydrodynamic pressure analysis. The geological study provided input data for the numerical model and the calculation of the original hydrocarbon pore volume. The interference study helped verify the theory of pressure interference among the producing pools and predict future pressure behavior. Hypothesis and deductive reasoning were required in the material balance study to define the aquifer behaviour. Petrophysical data from recent infill wells have been used to verify and update the existing geological-reservoir model. The model will be used to continuously optimize production strategy and evaluate the technical feasibility of enhanced oil recovery using a hydrocarbon miscible displacement process.
Pediatric severe pseudomembranous enteritis treated with fecal microbiota transplantation in a 13-month-old infant (2014)

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a procedure used to restore the intestinal microbiota of a diseased individual using indigenous intestinal microorganisms from a healthy donor. The current case report presents the first case of a 13-month-old male with severe pseudomembranous enteritis (PME) treated with FMT. The infant was admitted to Shanghai Children's Hospital with a 2-month history of diarrhea, and a 1.5-month history of retractable edema, hypoalbuminemia, electrolyte disturbance and malnutrition. Besides necessary nutritional support, the patient was treated twice with oral metronidazole combined with or without vancomycin. Diarrhea was partially remitted. However, the infant had bloody or dark-green feces, and a distended abdomen. On day 96 from the initiation of the disease, a single FMT via a nasal jejuna feeding tube was performed. From day 2 until 4 months post-FMT, the patient presented with no diarrhea, normal feces and a satisfactory weight. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first pediatric PME treated with FMT. The current data show that FMT is an efficient choice for recurrent <i>clostridium difficile</i> infection and PME in adults and a few pediatric cases. Due to a lack of safety and effectiveness data, treatment should be cautiously applied in the pediatric population.
HIV Integrase Inhibitors: From Diketoacids to Heterocyclic Templates: A History of HIV Integrase Medicinal Chemistry at Merck West Point and Merck Rome (IRBM) (2007)

Replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is dependent upon the enzyme HIV integrase (IN), one of three essential enzymes encoded in the viral genome. HIV-1 IN catalyzes the insertion of the proviral DNA into the host genome (strand transfer). HIV-1 IN therefore presents an attractive chemotherapeutic target for the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS that could provide patients and physicians with an additional option for treatment. Assays were developed to identify inhibitors of IN strand transfer. Diketoacid lead compounds were explored and developed into a variety of heterocyclic templates that are potent inhibitors of integrase strand transfer with suitable medicinal chemical properties for treating HIV infection and AIDS. The 1,6-naphthyridine L-870810 (Antiviral activity in cells IC(95) NHS = 102 nM, n=237), was shown to be efficacious in reducing viral RNA by 1.7 log units after doses of 400mg BID to HIV infected patients. Optimization of physical properties led to L-900564, an inhibitor of HIV IN that has excellent cell potency in the presence of protein (Antiviral activity in cells IC(95) NHS = 16 nM, n=15), excellent activity against mutants raised to HIV integrase inhibitors, and a very good pharmacokinetic profile.
Microemulsion-based synthesis of nanoscaled silver hollow spheres and direct comparison with massive particles of similar size (2010)

Nanoscale silver hollow spheres are first prepared via a microemulsion approach with 15-20 nm as the outer diameter, 3-5 nm as the wall thickness, and 10-15 nm as the diameter of the inner cavity. The presence of hollow spheres is confirmed by electron microscopy (SEM, BF-/HAADF-STEM, HRTEM) as well as by X-ray diffraction with a line-shape analysis to characterize the microcrystalline properties. In addition to the hollow spheres, massive silver nanoparticles of similar size (outer diameter of 15-20 nm) are gained via microemulsions. Based on the similarity of experimental conditions and the resulting particle size, as-prepared silver hollow spheres and massive nanoparticles are used to compare their optical properties and surface-plasmon resonance. In contrast to reducing the diameter of massive particles, "hollowing" of silver nanoparticles leads to a red-shift of the plasmon resonance. With a red shift of about 33 nm in the case of the hollow spheres, a quantum-size effect is indeed observed and in accordance with the thin sphere wall.
Ultrafast Electron Injection:  Implications for a Photoelectrochemical Cell Utilizing an Anthocyanin Dye-Sensitized TiO<sub>2</sub>Nanocrystalline Electrode (1997)

A photoelectrochemical cell utilizing flavonoid anthocyanin dyes extracted from blackberries, along with colloidal TiO2 powder, is shown to convert sunlight to electrical power at an efficiency of 0.56% under full sun. Fluorescence quenching is observed for the excited state of the TiO2-adsorbed anthocyanin dye, cyanin, and the photocurrent spectrum correlates well with the optical absorption of the cyanin-sensitized TiO2 nanocrystalline film. The incident photon-to-current efficiency of 19% at the peak of the visible absorption band of the dye, the open-circuit voltages of 0.5−0.4 V, and short-circuit photocurrents of 1.5−2.2 mA/cm2 are remarkable for such a simple system and suggest efficient charge carrier injection. The ultrafast excited-state dynamics of cyanin in solution are compared with those of surface-adsorbed cyanin on TiO2 and ZrO2 colloids, as well as complexed with Al(III) ions. A transient absorption signal with a risetime of <100 fs for cyanin-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles is assigned to electrons injected from the dye to TiO2. This signal is fit to a double-exponential decay with time constants of 0.52 and 67 ps. The 0.52 ps component is due to trapping of conduction band electrons or to fast direct recombination with the dye cation, while the 67 ps decay is attributed to trap state mediated indirect recombination. In contrast, stimulated emission with a 2.6 ps decay time is observed for cyanin in solution, cyanin on ZrO2, and cyanin complexed with Al(III) ions. When compared to the photon-to-current efficiency measured for the solar cell, the efficiency estimated from the injection and recombination rate constants suggests that electron recapture by the redox mediator and light screening mechanisms may limit the efficiency of the cell.
Trustworthiness and metrics in visualizing similarity of gene expression (2003)

The conjecture from the methodological results is that the self-organizing map can be recommended to complement the usual hierarchical clustering for visualizing and exploring gene expression data. Discarding the least trustworthy samples and improving the metric still improves it.
An Overview of Treadmill Locomotor Training with Partial Body Weight Support: A Neurophysiologically Sound Approach Whose Time Has Come for Randomized Clinical Trials (1999)

Much of the rehabilitation team's effort during inpatient and outpatient therapy for disabling neurologic diseases aims to restore the ability to walk with as little human assistance as possible. Although the use of treadmill (TM) training with partial body weight support has a strong underpinning from basic and clinical neuroscience stud ies and small clinical trials, the technique still lacks the reproducible results that make for an evidence-based practice. Therapists will have to learn how to employ body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) so that they optimize the segmental sensory inputs that best facilitate spinal and supraspinal locomotor networks. Ran domized clinical trials must be undertaken using scientific expertmental designs that measure the impact of BSWTT on the lives of hemiparetic and paraparetic people. Outcomes specific to a locomotor intervention might include functional independence for walking and for mobility-related self-care and community activities, walking speed, endurance for walking distances, and the perceptions of subjects about health-related quality of life. Features of training and trial design are discussed in relation to reported basic and clinical research.
Glycated Phosphatidylethanolamine Promotes Macrophage Uptake of Low Density Lipoprotein and Accumulation of Cholesteryl Esters and Triacylglycerols (1999)

Non-enzymatic glycation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been suggested to be responsible for the increase in susceptibility to atherogenesis of diabetic individuals. Although the association of lipid glycation with this process has been investigated, the effect of specific lipid glycation products on LDL metabolism has not been addressed. This study reports that glucosylated phosphatidylethanolamine (Glc-PtdEtn), the major LDL lipid glycation product, promotes LDL uptake and cholesteryl ester (CE) and triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation by THP-1 macrophages. Incubation of THP-1 macrophages at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml protein LDL specifically enriched (10 nmol/mg LDL protein) with synthetically prepared Glc-PtdEtn resulted in a significant increase in CE and TG accumulation when compared with LDL enriched in non-glucosylated PtdEtn. After a 24-h incubation with LDL containing Glc-PtdEtn, the macrophages contained 2-fold higher CE (10.11 +/- 1.54 micrograms/mg cell protein) and TG (285.32 +/- 4.38 micrograms/mg cell protein) compared with LDL specifically enriched in non-glucosylated PtdEtn (CE, 3.97 +/- 0.95, p < 0.01 and TG, 185.57 +/- 3.58 micrograms/mg cell protein, p < 0.01). The corresponding values obtained with LDL containing glycated protein and lipid were similar to those of LDL containing Glc-PtdEtn (CE, 11.9 +/- 1.35 and TG, 280.78 +/- 3.98 micrograms/mg cell protein). The accumulation of both neutral lipids was further significantly increased by incubating the macrophages with Glc-PtdEtn LDL exposed to copper oxidation. By utilizing the fluorescent probe, 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3', 3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), a 1.6-fold increase was seen in Glc-PtdEtn + LDL uptake when compared with control LDL. Competition studies revealed that acetylated LDL is not a good competitor for DiI Glc-PtdEtn LDL (5-6% inhibition), whereas glycated LDL gave an 80% inhibition, and LDL + Glc-PtdEtn gave 93% inhibition of uptake by macrophages. These results indicate that glucosylation of PtdEtn in LDL accounts for the entire effect of LDL glycation on macrophage uptake and CE and TG accumulation and, therefore, the increased atherogenic potential of LDL in hyperglycemia.
Multilevel codes based on partitioning (1989)

Following V.V. Ginzburg (1984), a hierarchy of codes is proposed to match the geometric partitioning of a signal set. The authors show that coset codes (including Ungerboeck, lattice, and binary codes) and indeed any codes which rely on partitioning of the signal set are all subclasses of the proposed coding scheme. The combination of such codes in a multilevel scheme often leads to reduced complexity in comparison with previously published schemes. A variety of decoder structures is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>