gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Address standardization with latent semantic association (2009)

Address standardization is a very challenging task in data cleansing. To provide better customer relationship management and business intelligence for customer-oriented cooperates, millions of free-text addresses need to be converted to a standard format for data integration, de-duplication and householding. Existing commercial tools usually employ lots of hand-craft, domain-specific rules and reference data dictionary of cities, states etc. These rules work better for the region they are designed. However, rule-based methods usually require more human efforts to rewrite these rules for each new domain since address data are very irregular and varied with countries and regions. Supervised learning methods usually are more adaptable than rule-based approaches. However, supervised methods need large-scale labeled training data. It is a labor-intensive and time-consuming task to build a large-scale annotated corpus for each target domain. For minimizing human efforts and the size of labeled training data set, we present a free-text address standardization method with latent semantic association (LaSA). LaSA model is constructed to capture latent semantic association among words from the unlabeled corpus. The original term space of the target domain is projected to a concept space using LaSA model at first, then the address standardization model is active learned from LaSA features and informative samples. The proposed method effectively captures the data distribution of the domain. Experimental results on large-scale English and Chinese corpus show that the proposed method significantly enhances the performance of standardization with less efforts and training data.
Synthesis and Reactivity of 1-Substituted 2-Fluoro- and 2,2-Difluoroaziridines (2007)

A straightforward synthesis toward 2-fluorinated aziridines was developed via ring closure of beta-fluorinated beta-chloroamines, which were obtained via reduction of the corresponding alpha-fluorinated amides by borane. When 1-benzyl-2-fluoroaziridine was treated with methanol, reaction occurred at the 2-position, giving rise to N-benzyl-2,2-dimethoxyethylamine, while in the case of 1-benzyl-2,2-difluoroaziridine the 3-position was attacked, giving rise to N-benzyl-2-methoxyacetamide. These reactions point to the divergent reactive behavior of monofluoro- and difluoroaziridines.
Hair Care (2004)

This innovative, fully illustrated handbook provides the foundation for understanding the scientific basis for professional hair care. Linking hair physiology with disease states, patient behavior and cosmetic procedures, this book covers: grooming and grooming cosmetics, coloring techniques, permanent curling and straightening, cosmetic induced ha
AAV-Mediated Gene Transfer for Treatment of Hemophilia (2005)

Adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene transfer of coagulation factor VIII and IX to skeletal muscle and liver of murine and canine models of hemophilia A and B have resulted in sustained systemic expression and, in several studies, in complete cure of the bleeding disorder. These impressive results prompted initiation of two Phase I/II clinical trials to evaluate the safety of AAV-factor IX gene transfer to muscle and liver of patients with severe hemophilia B. Herein, we have reviewed results from studies in animals with hemophilia, early experience with the vector system in the clinic, recent innovative approaches in vector design and delivery, and strategies to circumvent immunological limitations. Taken together, these studies provide much encouragement for the possibility of future clinical success, but also point out hurdles that still have to be overcome.
Cyanobacterial ribonucleic acid polymerases recognize lambda promoters (1979)

We compared the initiation specificities in vitro of deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerases purified from two cyanobacteria, Fremyella diplosiphon and Anacystis nidulans, and from Escherichia coli. A restriction fragment made from lambda deoxyribonucleic acid was used as a template. The cyanobacterial and E. coli ribonucleic acid polymerases recognized the same lambda promoters but exhibited different sensitivities to the inhibitor heparin, suggsesting differences in the structure of the initiation complexes.
SHORT NOTICES (1954)

Journal Article SHORT NOTICES Get access CHARLES JOHNSON CHARLES JOHNSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXIX, Issue CCLXXI, April 1954, Page 352, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXIX.CCLXXI.352 Published: 01 April 1954
직접교수법 단계에 대한 고찰 (2003)

이 연구에서는 읽기 지도의 주요 교수 모형인 직접교수법의 단계를 검토한 후, 단계를 새롭게 모색한 수정 모형을 구안하였다. 제7차 국어과 교육과정 문서에는 국민 국통 국어과, 화법, 독서, 작문 과목에 따라 직접교수법의 단계가 서로 다르게 설명되어 있어 정리가 필요했다. 또한 국내외 연구 문헌에도 작게는 3단계에서 많게는 8단계로 다양하였으며, 명칭과 내용도 서로 달랐다. 직접교수법에 대한 주요 비판은 이 모형이 국어과 전영역에 적용하기에 부적합하다는 것이다. 그러나 이렇한 비판은 체계적이고 과학적인 자료를 바탕으로 한 주장은 아니다. 그리고 직접교수법을 대신하기 위해 초등 교사용 지도서에 소개한 다른 교수 모형들도 국어과 교육 내용의 특성을 고려하여 체계적으로 수용되었다고 볼 수 없다. 검증되지 않은 다양한 교수 모형을 제시하고, 사용 여부는 교사들의 판단에 맡기는 것은 교사들의 부담을 증가시키며, 교수 모형에 대한 신뢰도를 떨어뜨릴 수 있다.이를 해결하기 위해서 이 연구에서는 최근에 제기되고 있는 교수.학습 관련 이론과 국어과(읽기) 교육 실제를 반영하여 ``설명하기, 시범보이기, 안내하기, 연습하기, 성찰하기,의 다섯 단계로 된 직접교수법의 수정 모형을 구안하여 제시하였다. 직접교수법은 국어과 전 영역 지도에 두루 적용할 수 있는 대표적인 교수 모형이 될 가능성이 크다.
Integrated optical devices of InGaAsP/InP heterojunction phototransistor and inner stripe light-emitting diode (1985)

New integrated optical devices combining an InGaAsP/InP HPT and an inner-stripe LED are proposed and their fabrication processes are described. The device functions of light amplification, optical bistability, and optical switching are demonstrated in the 1-µm wavelength region.
Hepatocyte growth factor promotes proliferation and migration in immortalized progenitor cells (2008)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met are widely expressed in the developing and adult brain. However, little is known about the role of HGF during the development of the human dopaminergic neuronal system. We have established telomerase-immortalized dopaminergic progenitor cells isolated from the fetal striatum that express markers for neural progenitor cells and tyrosine hydroxylase. We show that the cells were able to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons and release dopamine. Exogenous HGF-induced proliferation was inhibited by U0126, whereas migration was completely blocked by LY294002. Study demonstrates that HGF regulates the proliferation and migration of dopaminergic progenitor cells. Modulating dopaminergic progenitor cells in the striatum may prove to be a new approach for treating Parkinson's disease.
[NO TITLE AVAILABLE] (2000)

A new concept in the therapy of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases is discussed in this article. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves light activation, in the presence of molecular oxygen, of certain dyes that are taken up by the target tissue. These dyes are termed photosensitizers. The mechanism of interaction of the photosensitizers and light is discussed, along with the effects produced in the target tissue. The present status of clinical PDT is discussed along with the newer photosensitizers being used and their clinical roles. Despite the promising results from earlier clinical trials of PDT, considerable additional work is needed to bring this new modality of treatment into modern clinical practice. Improvements in the area of light source delivery, light dosimetry and the computation of models of treatment are necessary to standardize treatments and ensure proper treatment delivery. Finally, quality assurance issues in the treatment process should be introduced.
[The efficacy of intravenous lidocaine on various types of neuropathic pain]. (1995)

We examined the efficacy of systemic local anesthetics on various types of neuropathic pain in 89 patients. Lidocaine 1.5 mg.kg-1 was infused intravenously for one minute. Pain score (PS) by visual analogue scale (VAS, 0-10) was measured 1, 5, 15 and 35 min after the infusion. The efficacy of intravenous lidocaine was evaluated by PS which was lowest after infusion. PS decreased to less than 50 percent of pre-infusion value in more than 75 percent of cases of cancer pain, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, low back pain with signs of root pain or spinal canal stenosis, peripheral nerve injury and thalamic pain, in 50-75 percent of cases of herpetic neuralgia, and in less than 50 percent of cases of cervical spondylosis, spinal cord injury, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, causalgia and psychogenic pain. This study suggests that systemic local anesthetics is effective in neuropathy due to cancer pain, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, low back pain with signs of root pain or spinal canal stenosis, peripheral nerve injury and thalamic pain.
Control strategies for mobile robots based on fuzzy logic (2002)

Autonomously guided vehicles provide a key component to achieve a flexible flow of materials. This paper addresses control strategies enabling the vehicle to deal autonomously with typical uncertainties of an industrial working environment on the basis of low-cost sensories. Fuzzy control approaches for collision avoidance and docking to a target are developed and discussed. This application is of particular interest for processing data from low precision sensors. In computer simulations and hardware experiments the strategies were tested and compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electronically Controlled Shock Absorber System Used as a Road Sensor Which Utilizes Super Sonic Waves (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An important factor in the development of vehicle suspensions has been how to get higher performance from both ride and stability, which are normally in conflict. In addressing this problem, we analyzed the optimum damping forces of shock absorbers for various driving conditions and developed an electronically controlled shock absorber system, which we call “Super Sonic Suspension” based on the results.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Through this microcomputer-controlled system, we achieved a great improvement in riding comfort by being able to the damping force much lower than before, based on the results of said analysis.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">At the same time, stability of the vehicle was also improved by optimumly controlling the damping force for various driving conditions through signals from a newly developed road sensor, which utilizes supersonic waves, and other sensors.</div>
Fast and failure-consistent updates of application data in non-volatile main memory file system (2016)

Modern applications have their own update protocols to remain failure consistency. However, these protocols are implemented without a comprehensive understanding of the persistence properties of the underlying file systems and typically optimized for disk-based storage. As a result, they are complex, error-prone, and exhibit disappointing performance on emerging fast non-volatile memories (NVMs) due to excessive data copies.
1×N All-optical packet switch at 10 Gb/s (2004)

We demonstrated a 1xN all-optical packet switch with all-optical header processing and packet switching at 10 Gb/s using multi-wavelength mutual injection-locking in a single Fabry-Perot laser diode. The packet header is proceed at 10 Gb/s.
Astaxanthin in Cardiovascular Health and Disease (2012)

Oxidative stress and inflammation are established processes contributing to cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. However, antioxidant therapies tested in cardiovascular disease such as vitamin E, C and β-carotene have proved unsuccessful at reducing cardiovascular events and mortality. Although these outcomes may reflect limitations in trial design, new, more potent antioxidant therapies are being pursued. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid found in microalgae, fungi, complex plants, seafood, flamingos and quail is one such agent. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Limited, short duration and small sample size studies have assessed the effects of astaxanthin on oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers and have investigated bioavailability and safety. So far no significant adverse events have been observed and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation are attenuated with astaxanthin supplementation. Experimental investigations in a range of species using a cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion model demonstrated cardiac muscle preservation when astaxanthin is administered either orally or intravenously prior to the induction of ischaemia. Human clinical cardiovascular studies using astaxanthin therapy have not yet been reported. On the basis of the promising results of experimental cardiovascular studies and the physicochemical and antioxidant properties and safety profile of astaxanthin, clinical trials should be undertaken.
Optical signal processing for local-access networks (2003)

A number of optical signal processing functions that might be potentially important for future lightwave communication networks are described. As an example, an optical network with a distribution capacity of 100 HDTV channels is considered, and it is shown how such a network can be implemented using the following components: frequency converters, transmitter banks, modified WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) demultiplexers, and tunable optical receivers. Also discussed is the hardware implementation of these components using three basic building blocks: tunable amplifiers/filters; phase locked loops; and comb generators. The nature of optical signal processing needed in the future is addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Activated mitogen-activated protein kinase expression during human breast tumorigenesis and breast cancer progression. (2002)

These data suggest that active MAPK is a marker of breast cancer metastasis and has a role in the metastatic process. However, active MAPK is unlikely to be a marker of endocrine sensitivity or involved in de novo tamoxifen resistance.
Instruction-Based Online Periodic Self-Testing of Microprocessors with Floating-Point Units (2008)

Online periodic testing of microprocessors is a valuable means to increase the reliability of a low-cost system, when neither hardware nor time redundant protection schemes can be applied. This is particularly valid for floating-point (FP) units, which are becoming more common in embedded systems and are usually protected from operational faults through costly hardware redundant approaches. In this paper, we present scalable instruction-based self-test program development for both single and double precision FP units considering different instruction sets (MIPS, PowerPC, and Alpha), different microprocessor architectures (32/64-bit architectures) and different memory configurations. Moreover, we introduce bit-level manipulation instruction sequences that are essential for the development of FP unit's self-test programs. We developed self-test programs for single and double precision FP units on 32-bit and 64-bit microprocessor architectures and evaluated them with respect to the requirements of low-cost online periodic self-testing: fault coverage, memory footprint, execution time, and power consumption, assuming different memory hierarchy configurations. Our comprehensive experimental evaluations reveal that the instruction set architecture plays a significant role in the development of self-test programs. Additionally, we suggest the most suitable self-test program development approach when memory footprint or low power consumption is of paramount importance.
Shock tube powder dispersal unit (1987)

A simple device for producing a dusty gas at the end wall of a shock tube prior to the arrival of the test shock wave has been produced and tested. It is readily adapted to existing equipment, with minimal modifications.
Effects of Renal Impairment and Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Hydrocodone After Administration of a Hydrocodone Extended‐Release Tablet Formulated With Abuse‐Deterrence Technology (2015)

Two open-label, single-dose, parallel-group studies assessed effects of renal and hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of a hydrocodone extended-release (ER) formulation developed with the CIMA Abuse-Deterrence Technology platform. Forty-eight subjects with normal renal function or varying degrees of renal impairment received hydrocodone ER 45 mg (study 1); 16 subjects with normal hepatic function or moderate hepatic impairment received hydrocodone ER 15 mg (study 2). Blood samples were obtained predose and through 144 hours postdose. Mean maximum observed plasma hydrocodone concentration (Cmax ) in subjects with normal renal function, mild, moderate, and severe impairment, and end-stage renal disease was 28.6, 33.4, 42.4, 36.5, and 31.6 ng/mL, and mean area under the plasma hydrocodone concentration-versus-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞ ) was 565, 660, 973, 983, and 638 ng·h/mL, respectively. Incidence of adverse events was 57%, 38%, 44%, 33%, and 56%, respectively. Mean Cmax with normal hepatic function and moderate impairment was 10.1 and 13.0 ng/mL, and mean AUC0-∞ was 155 and 269 ng·h/mL, respectively. Incidence of adverse events was 38% in both groups. Altered systemic exposure in renally or hepatically impaired populations (up to ∼70% higher) should be considered when titrating to an effective dose of hydrocodone ER.
A unified modeling and control design for precision transmission system with friction and backlash (2016)

The structural flexibility, nonlinear friction, and backlash are the major factors limiting the control performance of precision transmission systems. If uncompensated, these factors compromise the positioning and tracking accuracy of precision transmission systems and even cause limit cycles and oscillation. In this article, a framework for integrated design from dynamic modeling to controller design is proposed. A multi-state dynamic model is presented, which can unify the modeling for a multi-state, discontinuous system including the motor state, the motion state, the mechanical contact state, and the friction state. Then, a control design method related to the dynamic modeling using perturbation separation of the model parameters is presented. Using the proposed modeling method, a continuous dynamic model is established to include all different partition models. The model comprehensively describes the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the precision transmission system. A robust controller is designed using the proposed control method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed modeling method is accurate and the proposed control method significantly improves accuracy and robustness of the controller compared to traditional control methods.
Taming chaos. I. Synchronization (1993)

The possibility of synchronization of systems inherently operating in a chaotic mode is analyzed. The Pecora-Carroll concept of synchronizable response subsystems and chaotic driving is described. Possibilities of synchronization using linear coupling of the chaotic systems are also considered. Potential applications of synchronized chaotic systems in signal processing are discussed and analyzed in examples using Chua's circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Developing a Strategy for Activity‐Based Detection of Enzymes in a Protein Microarray (2003)

Spot search: We have developed a microarray-based strategy for detection of three major classes of proteins on the basis of their enzymatic activities (see figure). This is the first protein array technology that allows detection of proteins not merely by their binding, but rather by their enzymatic activities. This strategy, together with increasing efforts in the field of protein-based microarrays, should provide a valuable tool for screening and identification of new enzymes and their potential inhibitors in a high-throughput fashion. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2003/z556_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Engineering Enzymatically Activated “Molecular Grenades” for Cancer (2012)

Animal toxicology and clinical phase I trial data have documented that the PSMA-activated thapsigargin drug, G202 is non-myelosuppressive. This lack of myelosuppression facilitates G202 combination with a variety of additional clinically approved drugs. For example, thapsigargin's ability to induce ER stress raises its potential for synergy when combined with radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapies. Finally, G202-based delivery of the thapsigargin analog causes marked reduction of expression of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cells and the estrogen receptor (ER) protein in breast cancer. These results suggest that combination therapy with anti-androgen/estrogens and G202 could be synergistic against prostate and/or breast cancer. These combinatorial approaches are currently under pre-clinical evaluation in our laboratories.
Filamentous Hemagglutinin of <i>Bordetella Pertussis</i> : a Key Adhesin with Immunomodulatory Properties? (2014)

The filamentous hemagglutinin of pathogenic Bordetellae is a prototype of a large two-partner-system-secreted and β-structure-rich bacterial adhesin. It exhibits several binding activities that may facilitate bacterial adherence to airway mucosa and host phagocytes in the initial phases of infection. Despite three decades of research on filamentous hemagglutinin, there remain many questions on its structure-function relationships, integrin interactions and possible immunomodulatory signaling capacity. Here we review the state of knowledge on this important virulence factor and acellular pertussis vaccine component. Specific emphasis is placed on outstanding questions that are yet to be answered.
The role of cancer stem cells and the side population in epithelial ovarian cancer. (2010)

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal cancer of the female reproductive tract, accounting for ~15,000 deaths per year according to the National Cancer Institute and American Cancer Society. This review article covers risk factors for the development of ovarian cancer, current detection strategies, prognostic markers, treatment strategies, etiology of tumorigenesis, and ovarian somatic stem cells. While the etiology of ovarian cancer is still unknown, several theories have been proposed as the mechanism of carcinogenesis. One theory states that the surface epithelium undergoing invagination and forming inclusion cysts that are exposed to growth factors and cytokines. The "gonadotropin theory" has also been proposed. Other reigning models for tumorigenesis include the stochastical model where a distinct population of cells acquires somatic mutations leading to metastasis, and the hierarchical model where the tumor is initiated by cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs isolated from primary tumors have the ability to regenerate the tumor and reconstitute the original tumor phenotype with as few as 100 cells. CSCs from ovarian carcinomas display the cell surface markers CD44+CD117+CD133+. CSCs are also thought to account for chemotherapy resistance through the expression of highly selective transporters ABCG2 and MDR1 and activation of TLR4/MyD88. The side population has been characterized by their ability to efflux lipophilic substrates, including the dye Hoechst 33342 and many chemotherapy agents. This ability has been attributed to the expression of the transporters ABCG2 and MDR1.