gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrin-mediated Ras–Extracellular Regulated Kinase (ERK) Signaling Regulates Interferon γ Production in Human Natural Killer Cells (1998)

Recent evidence indicates that integrin engagement results in the activation of biochemical signaling events important for regulating different cell functions, such as migration, adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and specific gene expression. Here, we report that beta1 integrin ligation on human natural killer (NK) cells results in the activation of Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Formation of Shc-growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) and Shc-proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2-Grb2 complexes are the receptor-proximal events accompanying the beta1 integrin-mediated Ras activation. In addition, we demonstrate that ligation of beta1 integrins results in the stimulation of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production, which is under the control of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 activation. Overall, our data indicate that beta1 integrins, by delivering signals capable of triggering IFN-gamma production, may function as NK-activating receptors.
Kinetics and Inhibition of Lipid Exchange Catalyzed by Plasma Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (Lipid transfer protein) (1995)

The cholesteryl ester transfer protein-catalyzed cholesteryl ester transfer is inhibited by two compounds identified by a large-scale screening of cholesterol backbone-containing molecules. Kinetic analysis shows that U-95,594, an amino steroid, inhibits competitively the cholesteryl ester transfer protein-catalyzed transfer of both cholesteryl esters and triglycerides, as well from high-density lipoproteins as from synthetic microemulsions. In contrast, U-617, an organomercurial derivative of cholesterol, inhibits competitively the transfer of cholesteryl ester from either donor but is without any effect on triglyceride transfer. In addition to the rapid, competitive inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer, U-617 also slowly and reversibly reacts with cholesteryl ester transfer protein to produce an additional 10-fold decrease in cholesteryl ester transfer activity but, again, without effect on triglyceride transfer.
Femtojoule Josephson logic gates (1974)

A JOSEPHSON TUNNELING junction, with a supply current of I,, and having three overlaying input lines to control the maximum supercurrent forms the basis of a logic gate’ ; Figure l(a). The Josephson junction drives a transmission line matched at its far end by a resistor R.
Modeling of parasitic inductive effects in power modules (2002)

Computer-assisted analysis of the dynamic behavior of the electromagnetic fields inside and outside the bus bar under realistic transient switching conditions allows us to study the details of the resulting current distribution in its interior and other related quantities (such as the heat dissipation). Hence, it proves to be an indispensable prerequisite for the systematic shape optimization of the interconnects and other structural components of a power module. Using a two-stage model for the electromagnetic fields, we tackled the switching problem by decomposing it in a Laplace equation for the quasi-stationary electric field and in a parabolic equation for the rapidly varying electromagnetic field contributions causing the eddy currents. Both equations were solved by means of finite-element methods.
Intermediates for Glucuronide Synthesis: 7-Hydroxycoumarin Glucuronide (1997)

A convenient synthesis of the important metabolite 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide 3 is presented, including a first report of the β-imidate 11β, together with new preparations of the iodosugar 6 and α-imidate 11α: stability data on 11α and 11β are also given, and the importance of carefully controlled hydrolysis in the last step of the preparation of 3 is emphasised.
Rat cardiac hypertrophy Altered sodium‐calcium exchange activity in sarcolemmal vesicles (1988)

The sodium-calcium exchange activity has been studied in sarcolemmal vesicles isolated from rat ventricles hypertrophied by pressure overload. 4 weeks after aortic stenosis the degree of hypertrophy varied from 30 to 70%. The Na+-dependent 45Ca2+ influx and efflux were up to 50% decreased and the sensitivity to Ca2+ was 13-fold lower in vesicles from hypertrophied heart as compared to those from normal heart. However, the Na+,K+-ATPase activity, the orientation of the vesicles and the passive Ca2+ permeability were found to be similar in the two heart groups. These results indicate that the sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity could be qualitatively and/or quantitatively changed in hypertrophied rat heart.
Nanocrystalline Ni<sub>5</sub>P<sub>4</sub>: a hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst of exceptional efficiency in both alkaline and acidic media (2015)

Crystalline Ni<sub>5</sub>P<sub>4</sub> evolves hydrogen with electrical-efficiency comparable to platinum—while being corrosion-resistant in both acid and base for >16 hours.
Dynamic registration and discovery of location-based services using spatial registries (2009)

Service-Oriented Architectures rely on services cooperation to answer requesters' needs. Services invocation requires access points, such as Internet URLs, provided by specific services called registries. Traditional registries allow to register (advertise) services and provide requesters with suitable services' binding information. However, these registries are not designed to take a particular concern about Location-Based Services (LBSs). LBSs' discovery must be strongly related to requesters' provided geographical locations as well as LBSs' coverage areas which define LBSs' geographical limits of action. This work introduces Spatial Registries, a new type of registries specialized in LBSs' registration and discovery. Spatial Registries' operations on LBSs registration and discovery are described. Different architectural designs and security issues related to Spatial Registries are also discussed.
Molecular cloning and expression of the phenoxazinone synthase gene from Streptomyces antibioticus. (1984)

DNA fragments from the Streptomyces antibioticus genome have been cloned in Streptomyces lividans using the SphI site of the vector, pIJ702. Using a sib selection procedure, transformants were screened for their ability to produce levels of the enzyme, phenoxazinone synthase, which were detectable by enzyme assay. Three clones were obtained by this procedure. The recombinant plasmids from these clones contained inserts of 1.77, 2.45, and 4.28 kilobases in size. The clones and the corresponding recombinant plasmids were, therefore, referred to as PHS 1.8, PHS 2.4 and PHS 4.3. PHS 2.4 produced transformants with significantly higher phenoxazinone synthase specific activities than those observed in comparably grown S. antibioticus. Southern blotting showed that the cloned 2.45-kilobase insert hybridized to a fragment of exactly the same size in an SphI digest of S. antibioticus total DNA. Using a streptomycete-coupled transcription-translation system, PHS 2.4 was shown to code for the synthesis of a protein with the electrophoretic and immunological properties of the phenoxazinone synthase subunit. Thus, the 2.45-kilobase insert represents the structural gene for that subunit. The protein produced by S. lividans transformed with PHS 2.4 was shown to be virtually identical to the S. antibioticus subunit in terms of its electrophoretic mobility, peptide profile, and amino acid composition. It was further observed that cloning of the 2.45-kilobase insert in the orientation opposite to that obtained originally still resulted in high levels of phenoxazinone synthase expression in transformed S. lividans. However, the repression of phenoxazinone synthase synthesis by glucose which has been observed in S. antibioticus was not found when PHS 2.4 was used to transform S. lividans.
Quantitative determination of effective dipole and monopole moments of magnetic force microscopy tips (1999)

We present experimental results on the characterization of commercially available magnetic force microscopy (MFM) thin film tips as a function of an external magnetic field. Well defined magnetic stray fields are produced using current carrying rings with radii ranging between 603 and 2369 nm fabricated by electron-beam lithography directly imaged by MFM. Treating the MFM tip as a point probe, the analysis of the image contrast as a function of both the magnetic stray field and the lift height allows for a quantitative determination of effective magnetic dipole and monopole moments of the tip as well as their imaginary location within the real physical tip. Our systematic study gives a quantitative relationship on how absolute values of the magnetic dipole and monopole moments and their location within the tip depend on a characteristic decay length of the z component of the magnetic field being detected. From this we can estimate the effective tip volume of the real physical thin film tip relevant in MFM imaging.
Single Wall Carbon Nanotube/Polyethylene Nanocomposites:  Nucleating and Templating Polyethylene Crystallites (2006)

The crystallization kinetics and resulting morphology of polyethylene (PE) in the presence of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are investigated in isotropic and aligned composites. A hot coagulation method was developed to incorporate SWNT loadings as high as 30 wt % with uniform distribution. Thermal analysis interpreted using the Avrami equation showed that the nanotubes provide nucleation sites to PE and accelerate the PE crystal growth rate while reducing the crystal dimensionality from spherulitic to disk-shaped. Nucleating on SWNT bundles significantly increases the shish density during melt fiber spinning, so that the PE microstructure is shish kebab with straight (not twisted) lamellae in 1 wt % SWNT−HDPE composite fibers. By comparing the orientations of SWNT and PE produced by various processing conditions, we show that SWNT bundles template the growth of PE crystals by imposing a growth direction perpendicular to the SWNT. This provides a new route toward controlling the SWNT−polymer interface and thereby the physical properties of nanocomposites.
Thermodynamic Aspects of the Reaction of Lithium with SnP[sub 2]O[sub 7] Based Positive Electrodes (2007)

The reaction of lithium with pyrophosphate, 4Li + + SnP 2 O 7 → Li 4 P 2 O 7 + Sn, which yields a nanocomposite formed by and lithium pyrophosphate, has been probed electrochemically by step potential electrochemical spectroscopy. The thermodynamic characteristics (i.e., AG, ΔH and AS) of the formation of nanosized particles have been determined from data obtained under equilibrium conditions at different temperatures. A first order change in free energy clearly reflects the transformation of a to β at 286 ± 1 K. This shows that for the electrochemically produced nanocrystalline phase, the transition is at the same temperature as that expected for bulk materials. Interestingly this transition is not significantly limited by kinetics in the way that bulk metal is infamous for in tin plague and so we have been able to derive values for these important thermodynamic parameters. Taking into account the absence of long range order in the nanocomposites, the observations indicate that performance of batteries based upon oxides as the anode precursor may be affected by small changes of temperature around the transition point. The thermodynamics for this displacive reaction are found to be of a similar order to those obtained for a typical intercalation reaction. However, it seems that the entropy contribution to the free energy dominates for the displacive reaction, which is likely due to the formation of nanosized particles.
Efficient Security Monitoring with the Core Debug Interface in an Embedded Processor (2016)

For decades, various concepts in security monitoring have been proposed. In principle, they all in common in regard to the monitoring of the execution behavior of a program (e.g., control-flow or dataflow) running on the machine to find symptoms of attacks. Among the proposed monitoring schemes, software-based ones are known for their adaptability on the commercial products, but there have been concerns that they may suffer from nonnegligible runtime overhead. On the other hand, hardware-based solutions are recognized for their high performance. However, most of them have an inherent problem in that they usually mandate drastic changes to the internal processor architecture. More recent ones have strived to minimize such modifications by employing external hardware security monitors in the system. However, these approaches intrinsically suffer from the overhead caused by communication between the host and the external monitor. Our solution also relies on external hardware for security monitoring, but unlike the others, ours tackles the communication overhead by using the core debug interface (CDI), which is readily available in most commercial processors for debugging. We build our system simply by plugging our monitoring hardware into the processor via CDI, precluding the need for altering the processor internals. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we implement two well-known monitoring techniques on our proposed framework: dynamic information flow tracking and branch regulation. The experimental results on our FPGA prototype show that our external hardware monitors efficiently perform monitoring tasks with negligible performance overhead, mainly with thanks to the support of CDI, which helps us reduce communication costs substantially.
Removal of Carbonyl Sulfide Using Activated Carbon Adsorption (2006)

Wastewater treatment plant odors are caused by compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptans, and carbonyl sulfide (COS). One of the most efficient odor control processes is activated carbon adsorption; however, very few studies have been conducted on COS adsorption. COS is not only an odor causing compound but is also listed in the Clean Air Act as a hazardous air pollutant. Objectives of this study were to determine the following: (1) the adsorption capacity of 3 different carbons for COS removal; (2) the impact of relative humidity (RH) on COS adsorption; (3) the extent of competitive adsorption of COS in the presence of H2S; and (4) whether ammonia injection would increase COS adsorption capacity. Vapor phase react (VPR; reactivated), BPL (bituminous coal-based), and Centaur (physically modified to enhance H2S adsorption) carbons manufactured by Calgon Carbon Corp. were tested in three laboratory-scale columns, 6 in. in depth and 1 in. in diameter. Inlet COS concentrations varied from 35 to 49 ppmv (86-120 mg/m3). RHs of 17%, 30%, 50%, and 90% were tested. For competitive adsorption studies, H2S was tested at 60 ppmv, with COS at 30 ppmv. COS, RH, H2S, and ammonia concentrations were measured using an International Sensor Technology Model IQ-350 solid state sensor, Cole-Parmer humidity stick, Interscan Corp. 1000 series portable analyzer, and Drager Accuro ammonia sensor, respectively. It was found that the adsorption capacity of Centaur carbon for COS was higher than the other two carbons, regardless of RH. As humidity increased, the percentage of decrease in adsorption capacity of Centaur carbon, however, was greater than the other two carbons. The carbon adsorption capacity for COS decreased in proportion to the percentage of H2S in the gas stream. More adsorption sites appear to be available to H2S, a smaller molecule. Ammonia, which has been found to increase H2S adsorption capacity, did not increase the capacity for COS.
Application of Mechanical Clinching Method to Aluminum Hood (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new joining method has been attempted in aluminum hood application to join steel reinforcements to aluminum inner panel. This method, Tox mechanical clinching(TMC), offers the best cost performance and productivity among several joining methods. This paper was focused on the practical understanding of TMC method and its applicability to aluminum hood manufacture. The results of this study showed that design by the TMC could be much easier than that by resistant spot welding(RSW) because TMC produced very reliable and consistent joint strength at the multipoint situation. The only drawback of this method was the low joint strength due to very small joint area. In order to maintain similar joint strength as that of steel hood welded by RSW, the number of TMC points should be increased. Approximately two times of more TMC points produced no problems during durability test of aluminum hood. To realize more TMC points in the limited areain the autobody parts, special tool design was also devised in this study.</div>
Acceleration of wound healing responses induced by preparations from the epidermal secretions of the Arabian Gulf catfish (<i>Arius bilineatus</i>, Valenciennes) (1991)

Preparations involving fright-induced epidermal secretions from the Arabian Gulf catfish (Arius bilineatus) have been observed to accelerate wound healing in test animals. In this investigation, solubilized preparations containing 4–8 mg of protein were applied once to excised and incised full-thickness lesions of the flank skin of adult male mice (strain CD1) immediately after injury, while sterile saline was applied to the surface of control wounds. Changes in wound closure were assessed from photographs taken of the wound surface, while changes in cellularity were assessed by light microscopy. In excised lesions, a temporary reduction (lasting less than 24 h) was observed in the surface area of test wounds, while control wounds exhibited a temporary increase in surface area (wound gape). In incised lesions, the edges of test wounds treated with the preparations adhered to each other, while the edges of control wounds remained separated. Total and differential cell counts made in equivalent areas of excised wound beds showed that by 7 days after injury, there were significantly more fibroblasts and fewer inflammatory cells in the test group than in the controls, suggesting that the wounds treated with the preparations were at a more advanced stage of repair.
The synthesis of phosphorylated 3′-amino-3′-deoxythymidine and 5′-amino-5′-deoxythymidine (1970)

R. P. Glinski, M. S. Khan, R. L. Kalamas, C. L. Stevens and M. B. Sporn, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 915 DOI: 10.1039/C29700000915
Spontaneous intramolecular hydrogen migration in ionized ethane-1,2-diol (1987)

Ionized ethane-1,2-diol (HOCH2CH2OH+˙) is predicted by ab initio calculations to rearrange via a barrier-free 1,4-hydrogen shift to give OH2CH2OH2; this result is consistent with mass spectrometric observations.
PUVA bath therapy strongly suppresses immunological and epidermal activation in psoriasis: a possible cellular basis for remittive therapy. (1994)

Psoriasis is characterized by alterations in both the epidermis and dermis of the skin. Epidermal keratinocytes display marked proliferative activation and differentiate along an "alternate" or "regenerative" pathway, while the dermis becomes infiltrated with leukocytes, particularly interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor-bearing "activated" T cells. Psoralens, administered by the oral route, have therapeutic effects in psoriasis when photochemically activated by ultraviolet A light (PUVA therapy). Recently psoralen bath therapy has been introduced to more effectively deliver this agent to the diseased skin. We have correlated the efficacy of PUVA bath therapy with its effects on specific molecular and cellular parameters of disease, in 10 consecutive patients with recalcitrant psoriasis. Rapid clearing of lesions occurred in 8 out of 10 patients. Biopsies were taken from lesional and nonlesional skin before and after a single round of therapy, and observation was continued in our Clinical Research Center at The Rockefeller University. Enumeration of cycling keratinocytes with the Ki-67 monoclonal antibody showed that PUVA reduced cell proliferation by 73%. The pathological increase in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors was reversed, whereas epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors, which are also increased in psoriasis, remained unchanged. Keratinocyte proteins that are expressed in abnormal sites of the epidermis during psoriasis, i.e., keratin 16, filaggrin, and involucrin, were, after PUVA treatment, localized to their normal sites. Epidermal and dermal T-lymphocytes (CD3+), as well as CD4+, CD8+, and IL-2 receptor+ subsets, were strongly suppressed by PUVA, with virtual elimination of IL-2 receptor+ T cells in some patients. Consistent with diminished lymphocyte activation, HLA-DR expression by epidermal keratinocytes was markedly reduced in treated skin. In comparison to cyclosporine treatment of psoriasis, PUVA therapy leads to more complete reversal of pathological epidermal and lymphocytic activation, changes which we propose to be the cellular basis for a more sustained remission of disease after PUVA treatment.
Damage-Free Cryogenic Aerosol Clean Processes (2007)

Cryogenic aerosol clean processes have been successful for cleaning of blanket films and robust device structures. As the line width becomes smaller and aspect ratios (ARs) become higher, they have either been eliminated or used with caution due to line damage. Theoretical line damage modeling indicates that collision induced stress in line structures is a function of the AR of line cross section. Theoretical analysis also shows that smaller and lighter cryogenic aerosol crystal is desired to avoid line damage. Nitrogen cryogenic aerosol processes have been evaluated for damage-free cleaning on 90 and 65 nm technologies at the IBM 300 mm manufacturing line. Process results on the 90 nm technology at the post spacer nitride deposition clean have shown no damage and particle removal efficiency (PRE) greater than 92%. Implementation of the same nitrogen only aerosol process at the post cobalt silicide probe test clean on 90 nm high AR gate structures has shown significant improvement over the previous process of record argon/nitrogen-based aerosol. Evaluation at the post nickel silicide probe test clean on 65 nm device technology with low AR gate structures has shown the process is damage-free with particle removal efficiency greater than 95%. This nitrogen only aerosol process has been implemented in the 65 nm technology flow and has been proven to be damage-free in volume manufacturing
Automated Support-Resolution Strategy for a One-Way Chemiluminescent Multiplex Immunoassay (2009)

An automated support-resolution strategy was designed to couple with a flow-through immunosensing system for performing a one-way chemiluminescent (CL) multiplex immunoassay. Different from multilabel and multichannel-based detection techniques, this immunoassay method employed a single horseradish peroxidase (HRP) label in one way. With the use of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as model analytes, the capture antibodies for CEA and AFP were immobilized on the inner wall of a glass tube and the surface of paramagnetic microspheres (PMs), respectively. The on-line incubation could be performed in the glass tube after introducing the mixture of CEA, HRP-labeled anti-CEA antibody, AFP, anti-AFP immobilized PMs, and HRP-labeled anti-AFP antibody. With the use of a wash step, the formed sandwich immunocomplexes were separated automatically and the immunocomplex immobilized PMs were captured in another unmodified glass tube with a magnet. The CL signals from the two glass tubes were near-simultaneously collected with the aid of an optical shutter to perform quantitative detection. CEA and AFP could be rapidly assayed in the ranges of 1.0-60 and 1.0-80 ng/mL within 27 min. The assay results of clinical serum samples with the proposed method were in an acceptable agreement with the reference values. This system provides a promising multiplex immunoassay approach for clinical applications.