gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Costimulation of T Cell Activation by Integrin-associated Protein (CD47) Is an Adhesion-dependent, CD28-independent Signaling Pathway (1997)

The integrin-associated protein (IAP, CD47) is a 50-kD plasma membrane protein with a single extracellular immunoglobulin variable (IgV)-like domain, a multiply membrane-spanning segment, and alternatively spliced short cytoplasmic tails. On neutrophils, IAP has been shown to function in a signaling complex with beta 3 integrins. However, the function of IAP on T cells, which express little or no beta 3 integrin, is not yet defined. Here, we show that mAbs recognizing IAP can enhance proliferation of primary human T cells in the presence of low levels of anti-CD3, but have no effect on T cell proliferation on their own. Together with suboptimal concentrations of anti-CD3, engagement of IAP also enhances IL-2 production in Jurkat cells, an apparently integrin-independent function of IAP. Nonetheless, costimulation by IAP ligation requires cell adhesion. IAP costimulation does not require CD28. Furthermore, anti-IAP, but not anti-CD28, synergizes with suboptimal anti-CD3 to enhance tyrosine phosphorylation of the CD3 zeta chain and the T cell-specific tyrosine kinase Zap70. Ligation of human IAP transfected into the hemoglobin-specific 3.L2 murine T cell hybridoma costimulates activation for IL-2 secretion both with anti-CD3 and with antigenic peptides on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Moreover, ligation of IAP but not CD28 can convert antagonist peptides into agonists in 3.L2 cells. Using costimulation by IAP ligation as an assay to analyze the structure-function relationships in IAP signaling, we find that both the extracellular and multiply membrane-spanning domains of IAP are necessary for synergy with the antigen receptor, but the alternatively spliced cytoplasmic tails are not. These data demonstrate that IAP ligation initiates an adhesion-dependent costimulatory pathway distinct from CD28. We hypothesize that anti-IAP generates the costimulatory signal because it modulates interactions of the IgV domain with other plasma membrane molecules; this in turn activates effector functions of the multiply membrane-spanning domain of IAP. This model may have general significance for how IAP functions in cell activation.
Comparative Scanning Electron Microscopy of Platelets and Fibrin Networks of Human and Differents Animals (2009)

The purpose of the present study was to compare the platelet and fibrin network ultrastructure of humans to eight different animal species in order to determine the differences between human and animal platelet and fibrin morphology, and to determine whether the animals studied differ in their platelet and fibrin morphology, and whether these differences can be observed by scanning electron microscopy. Platelets and fibrin networks play an important role both in the coagulation process as well as physiologically in allergic processes and immunological mechanisms. The thickness of human fibrin networks were compared to mouse (Mus musculus), equine (Equus caballus), vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops previously Cercopithecus aethiops), oryx (Oryx gazella), ovine (Ovis aries), penguin (Spheniscus demersus), rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Fibers were measured and divided into thin (minor) fibers, intermediate fibers and thick (major) fibers. The results obtained indicated that for each of the three fibrin classes, the size ranges of the monkey, oryx and equine were not significantly different to one another, and the human, penguin, oryx and ovine not significantly different to one other. From these results it can be concluded that mammals and aves possess a distinct tri-modal fibrin fiber distribution, different from that of the studied reptilian species where the sea turtle possesses a distinct bimodal fibrin fiber distribution and it can be suggested that the utilization of mammalian and avian models, in terms of fibrin fiber distribution patterns, might be a suitable alternative for ultrastructural studies.
Alarm Statistics of the Violation Monitor and Remover (1976)

Four of the Bell System digital transmission systems, T1 Outstate, T2, 3A-RDS (radio system at TS rate), and T4M, have violation monitor and removers (vmrs) located at the receiving-end maintenance offices. Among other things, they monitor the lines, remove violations in the pulse transmission code, and generate alarms to initiate maintenance actions. This paper investigates the alarm statistics of the four types of vmr under the assumption that the information bits are statistically independent. It is found that all the vmrs have very sharp alarm thresholds. The results of the T4M vmr are presented in detail. Curves are given to show the various statistics obtained.
JBO Letters (2005)

The <i>Journal of Biomedical Optics</i> (JBO) is a Gold Open Access journal that publishes peer-reviewed papers on the use of novel optical systems and techniques for improved health care and biomedical research.
A Sad State of Repair - Liability for Maintaining Leased Business Premises (2000)

Covenants for the care and maintenance of business premises receive little attention when leases are negotiated, yet these covenants often cause arguments later because of onerous or uncertain liabilities. When repair or outgoings covenants are not explicit, current laws provide little protection for either the landlord or the tenant. Generally, landlords' solicitors draft covenants to the advantage of landlords but legal disputes are endemic. This article suggests ways in which the lease covenants that govern the repair and management of business premises could be drafted to achieve more harmony.
Hepatocyte growth factor is a pleiotropic factor protecting epithelial cells from apoptosis. (1996)

Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic factor, capable of evoking complex biological responses such as mitogenesis, motogenesis and morphogenesis in a variety of epithelial and endothelial cells. Nonetheless, the meaning of the acronym is consistent with the key role of the factor in liver regeneration, in vivo and in liver development during embryogenesis. The receptor for HGF is the tyrosine kinase encoded by the c-MET proto-oncogene. Upon ligand binding, the receptor kinase is activated by tyrosine autophosphorylation and recruits cytoplasmic transducers involved in HGF-triggered signal transduction. We investigated the role of HGF as a survival factor in protecting cells from apoptosis and we show that HGF is able to counteract staurosporin-induced apoptosis of epithelial cells.
Modeling and Analysis of Production and Capacity Planning Considering Profits, Throughputs, Cycle Times, and Investment (2004)

This research focuses on large-scale manufacturing systems having a number of stations with multiple tools and product types with different and deterministic processing steps. The objective is to determine the production quantities of multiple products and the tool requirements of each station that maximizes net profit while satisfying strategic constraints such as cycle times, required throughputs, and investment. The formulation of the problem, named OptiProfit, is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) with the stochastic issues addressed by mean-value analysis (MVA) and queuing network models. Observing that OptiProfit is an NP-complete, nonconvex, and nonmonotonic problem, the research develops a heuristic method, Differential Coefficient Based Search (DCBS). It also performs an upper-bound analysis and a performance comparison with six variations of Greedy Ascent Procedure (GAP) heuristics and Modified Simulated Annealing (MSA) in a number of randomized cases. An example problem based on a semiconductor manufacturing minifab is modeled as an OptiProfit problem and numerically analyzed. The proposed methodology provides a very good quality solution for the high-level design and operation of manufacturing facilities.
TREATMENT OF SKIN AGING WITH TOPICAL ESTROGENS (1996)

After treatment for 6 months, elasticity and firmness of the skin had markedly improved and the wrinkle depth and pore sizes had decreased by 61 to 100% in both groups. Furthermore, skin moisture had increased and the measurement of wrinkles using skin profilometry, revealed significant, or even highly significant, decreases of wrinkle depth in the estradiol and the estriol groups, respectively. On immunohistochemistry, significant increases of Type III collagen labeling were combined with increased numbers of collagen fibers at the end of the treatment period. As to hormone levels, only those of PRL had increased significantly and no systemic hormonal side effects were noted.
Dynamic Forecasts of New Product Demand Using a Depth of Repeat Model (1973)

A depth of repeat model is presented that can forecast the demand for new consumer products. The relation of the model to other forecasting models is noted. Data analysis, estimation procedures, and the observed accuracy of forecasts are discussed.
Repurposing Sigma-1 Receptor Ligands for COVID-19 Therapy? (2020)

Outbreaks of emerging infections, such as COVID-19 pandemic especially, confront health professionals with the unique challenge of treating patients. With no time to discover new drugs, repurposing of approved drugs or in clinical development is likely the only solution. Replication of coronaviruses (CoVs) occurs in a modified membranous compartment derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causes host cell ER stress and activates pathways to facilitate adaptation of the host cell machinery to viral needs. Accordingly, modulation of ER remodeling and ER stress response might be pivotal in elucidating CoV-host interactions and provide a rationale for new therapeutic, host-based antiviral approaches. The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a ligand-operated, ER membrane-bound chaperone that acts as an upstream modulator of ER stress and thus a candidate host protein for host-based repurposing approaches to treat COVID-19 patients. Sig-1R ligands are frequently identified in in vitro drug repurposing screens aiming to identify antiviral compounds against CoVs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sig-1R regulates key mechanisms of the adaptive host cell stress response and takes part in early steps of viral replication. It is enriched in lipid rafts and detergent-resistant ER membranes, where it colocalizes with viral replicase proteins. Indeed, the non-structural SARS-CoV-2 protein Nsp6 interacts with Sig-1R. The activity of Sig-1R ligands against COVID-19 remains to be specifically assessed in clinical trials. This review provides a rationale for targeting Sig-1R as a host-based drug repurposing approach to treat COVID-19 patients. Evidence gained using Sig-1R ligands in unbiased <i>in vitro</i> antiviral drug screens and the potential mechanisms underlying the modulatory effect of Sig-1R on the host cell response are discussed. Targeting Sig-1R is not expected to reduce dramatically established viral replication, but it might interfere with early steps of virus-induced host cell reprogramming, aid to slow down the course of infection, prevent the aggravation of the disease and/or allow a time window to mature a protective immune response. Sig-1R-based medicines could provide benefit not only as early intervention, preventive but also as adjuvant therapy.
Synthesis of peptides containing unnatural, metal-ligating residues: aminodiacetic acid as a peptide side chain (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of peptides containing unnatural, metal-ligating residues: aminodiacetic acid as a peptide side chainFuqiang Ruan, Yanqiu Chen, Katsumi Itoh, Tomikazu Sasaki, and Paul B. HopkinsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 14, 4347–4354Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00014a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00014a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views471Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Si MMIC quadrature hybrid coupler for 1.35 GHz (2002)

In this paper a Si MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) quadrature hybrid coupler with impedance transformation from 50 /spl Omega/ to 130 /spl Omega/ at 1.35 GHz is described. The MMIC makes use of spiral inductors and MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) capacitors. The impedance transformation makes it necessary to use a wide range of inductances (3.73 nH... 17.03 nH). The technology used for realization of the MMICs is shown. Finally, the measurements are compared with simulations and the insertion loss is discussed.
Studies in the Dynamics of Histogenesis (1929)

THE main objectives of this paper are the following: that the structure of cancellous bone is determined by the capacity for movement in the chief plane or planes of action at the related joint; that the structure of cancellous bone related to monasial, biaxial, and triaxial joints is characteristic and definite for each type of joint; that the pattern of cancellous bone is the product of the remittent back-pressure vectors of muscle action in joint range of mobilization and not the product of the immobile static load of body weight; that skeletal bone is the product of an adequate pressure of differential growth,2 as well as adequate pressure of myogenic function; that tension although transmitted by bone is not a trophic stimulus to bone origin; that by local muscular excision there is a focal atrophy of corresponding cancellous bone trabeculæ; that prior to birth there is a growth relativity leading to a mutual antagonism between the length growth of the femur and the back-pressure of the developing thigh musculature that results in a relative decrease of femoral volume and length, and corresponding to thigh muscular development an increase of femoral density or consolidation and weight. The clinical significance of this study reveals the rôle of action as well as the reciprocal dependency of the muscular and skeletal tissues as mutual maintainers of each other's normal structural integrity and the logical use of a timed early mobilization after rest in the treatment of derangements of the locomotor apparatus, such as fractures and dislocations, advocated by Lucas-Championniere,3 Hey Groves,4 Jones and Lovett,5 Dean Lewis6 and many others. II. Brief Historical Review of the Architectural Significance of Cancellous Bone Ward7 and Wyman8 compared the femoral neck to a derrick supporting a load; the stresses in the cable in the derrick are tensile and in the boom compressive. Humphry9 stated that the two groups of cancellous trabeculæ in the head and neck of the femur cross at right angles and are perpendicular to the articular surface at all points. In 1866 H. von Meyer,10 at the Zurich meeting of the “naturforschende Gesellschaft,” demonstrated a frontal section of the proximal end of the femur, and Culmann, the founder of graphostatics, thought that the cancellous bone elements crossed at right angles like the directions of greatest tension and greatest pressure in the crane to form stress trajectories. The resemblance between the trajectories in Culmann's crane and the cancellous pattern in the femoral neck was considered as identical. The trajectories in Culmann's crane cross at right angles, because in elastic bodies the directions of greatest tension and pressure cross at right angles. Julius Wolff,11 in his treatise on “The Law of the Transformation of Bones,” confined his observations to the proximal extremity of the femur and emphasized what he considered the right angular crossings of cancellous bone which he called “orthogonality.”
Impact of genetic variation and geographic distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on infectivity and pig growth (2013)

The PRRSV genetic variability which is determined by a local and temporal evolution at the farm level could be considered in a perspective of prevention. Moreover, the association between the PRRSV glycosylation patterns and its virulence could be of interest for vaccine development. The differences of resistance to PRRSV infections among pig breeds might open new horizons for the genetic selection of robustness against PRRSV infection.
Magnetite thin films (1972)

A low temperature process for converting hematite (α-Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ) thin films into magnetite (Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> is described. The films produced are unambiguously identified as magnetite by several complementary methods of analysis. These include α-backscattering spectrography, X-ray powder diffractometry, and observations of electrical, magnetic, and optical properties.
Contrast-Enhanced Transcranial Color-Coded Sonography in Acute Hemispheric Brain Infarction (1999)

CE-TCCS enables adequate diagnosis in approximately 80% of acute hemispheric stroke patients with insufficient unenhanced TCCS examinations. It is a reliable diagnostic tool regarding MCA mainstem and branch occlusions. Because this method conveys useful information concerning cerebral tissue and clinical prognosis, it may be useful to identify those patients who benefit most from local or intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy.
In-Service Monitoring and Servicing After Leak Detection for the Liquid-Metal Fast Breeder Reactor Steam Generators of Phénix and Super Phénix (1982)

Mandatory safety-related design requirements for this type of equipment include essentially the absolute leak-tightness of the heat exchange surfaces separating sodium from water and the prevention of violent sodium-water reactions.After briefly recalling the various situations likely to give rise to leaks, their evolution (self-wastage), and consequences (wastage and secondary ruptures), the precautions taken during steam generator (SG) designing, manufacturing, and operating phases to minimize leak hazards and satisfy the mechanical design basis requirements adopted for secondary loop components are analyzed.The in-service monitoring systems provided (hydrogen detection, acoustic detection) and the means devised to keep leak consequence within acceptable limits (rupture disks) are described. The automatic or operator-controlled actions initiated by signals from these systems are reviewed (reactor shutdown, SG isolation pressure relief, cooling and inertization of sodium or water-steam circuits).Plant overhaul procedures, servicing operations on the SG itself (whipping tube localization, damage assessment on adjoining tubes by insertion of an eddy-current probe, removal of damaged tubes) and on the secondary loop after detection and prior to restartup are presented. For each device and situation mentioned, a comparison is drawn, underlining the fundamental differences existing in the different types of SGs and tube materials.
An overview of CEST MRI for non-MR physicists (2016)

The search for novel image contrasts has been a major driving force in the magnetic resonance (MR) research community, in order to gain further information on the body's physiological and pathological conditions.Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a novel MR technique that enables imaging certain compounds at concentrations that are too low to impact the contrast of standard MR imaging and too low to directly be detected in MRS at typical water imaging resolution. For this to be possible, the target compound must be capable of exchanging protons with the surrounding water molecules. This property can be exploited to cause a continuous buildup of magnetic saturation of water, leading to greatly enhanced sensitivity.The goal of the present review is to introduce the basic principles of CEST imaging to the general molecular imaging community. Special focus has been given to the comparison of state-of-the-art CEST methods reported in the literature with their positron emission tomography (PET) counterparts.
Azabutadiene derivatives in the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles. Unequivocal synthesis of 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzabutadiene derivatives in the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles. Unequivocal synthesis of 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylatesJose Barluenga, Victor Rubio, and Vicente GotorCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 9, 1696–1698Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00348a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00348a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A fair micro-payment scheme for profit sharing in P2P networks (2004)

Despite their large success, file sharing and peer to peer systems are used mainly for illegal actions, such as violations of author's copyright. Many commercial proposals have been made available, but at the present time, there is a lack o/inherently legal file sharing tools which remain attractive for all the involved parties. In this paper we propose a protocol which connects authors and customers in a micro-payment scheme, where the selling rights are transferred from peer to peer. When a good is sold, authors are correctly paid, even if they were not directly involved in the transactions. Moreover, the holder of the sold item is partially refunded, thus discouraging free riders. This proposal is based on the previous work on PPay, and can be seen as an attempt for introducing successful commerce in practical file sharing applications.