gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New tools for mass isotopomer data evaluation in <sup>13</sup>C flux analysis: Mass isotope correction, data consistency checking, and precursor relationships (2003)

13C metabolic flux analysis (MFA) is based on carbon-labeling experiments where a specifically (13)C labeled substrate is fed. The labeled carbon atoms distribute over the metabolic network and the label enrichment of certain metabolic pools is measured by using different methods. Recently, MS methods have been dramatically improved-large and precise datasets are now available. MS data has to be preprocessed and corrected for natural stable mass isotopes. In this article we present (1). a new elegant method to correct MS measurement data for natural stable mass isotopes by infinite dimensional matrix calculus and (2). we statistically analyze and discuss a reconstruction of labeling pattern in metabolic precursors from biosynthesis molecules. Moreover, we establish a new method for consistency checking of MS spectra that can be applied for automatic error recognition in high-throughput flux analysis procedures. Preprocessing the measurement data changes their statistical properties which have to be considered in the subsequent parameter fitting process for (13)C MFA. We show that correcting for stable mass isotopes leads to rather small correlations. On the other hand, a direct reconstruction of a precursor labeling pattern from an aromatic amino acid measurement turns out to be critical. Reasonable results are only obtained if additional, independent information about the labeling of at least one precursor is available. A versatile MatLab tool for the rapid correction and consistency checking of MS spectra is presented. Practical examples for the described methods are also given.
An Expert System for Computer-Assisted Composition (1987)

Computers offer opportunities for style imitation (Hiller and Isaacson 1959; Winograd 1968; Lidov and Gabura 1973) and afford novel solutions to problems in music composition. They have been successfully used in automated music (Hiller and Isaacson 1959), algorithmic composition (Fry 1984), and as stochastic probability generators (Xenakis 1971), to name a few. Artificial systems have created serious interest for music analysis (Roads 1985a) and composition (Cope 1987). Experiments in music intelligence (EMI) was begun (1984) as an interactive partner for the author. Initially viewed as an analysis tool for generating extensive lists of motivic patterns, it quickly grew into an imitative projector of possible next intervals of given phrases. From these early programs grew a large set of functions that allowed for style dictionaries and syntax rule applications. Rather than avoiding the author's own biases, the system developed explicitly around them. These included projections of linguistic parselike networks for phrase structures, intensely rigorous motive replications, and a proclivity for analyzing music by intervals rather than by pitch.
Prosthetic restoration of a nasal defect--a case report. (1994)

Restoration of facial defect makes very special demands on the maxillofacial prosthodontist. The key to successful rehabilitation includes good cosmetic result, proper selection of materials and excellent retention qualities. This case report presents a face disfigured by cancer which is restored with a silicone nasal prosthesis. Steps of the clinical and technical procedures of how a light-weight hollow prosthesis is fabricated are described. This special feature enhances retention and by incorporating a polyurethane lining, both aesthetics and retention are further improved, rehabilitating the patient and improving the quality of life. The basic requirements necessary for a successful facial prosthesis are also discussed.
Convenient One-Pot Method for Formylation of Amines and Alcohols Using Formic Acid and 1,1'-Oxalyldiimidazole. (1994)

1, 1'-Oxalydiimidazole (7) reacts with formic acid (8) in acetonitrile at room temperature to give N-formyl-imidazole (5), which promptly undergoes aminolysis and alcoholysis to yield formamides (2) or formates (4).
Characterization of SE-3, a Virulent Bacteriophage of Saccharopolyspora erythraea (1988)

SE-3 is a virulent bacteriophage isolated from a large-scale culture of Saccharopolyspora erythraea, an erythromycin producer. The host range of the phage is narrow, limited to some strains of this species. Another strain of Sac. erythraea, and a strain of Sac. hirsuta, are able to adsorb phage particles but do not sustain their complete multiplication. SE-3 is closely related to the phage SE-5 as shown by DNA restriction mapping. The differences between SE-3 and SE-5 genomes are apparently limited to two DNA segments flanked by short inverted repeats, visualized by electron microscopy.
Sensitive micromechanical displacement detection by scattering evanescent optical waves (2010)

We describe a simple approach to detect small mechanical displacements by scattering evanescent optical waves confined around an optical waveguide. Our experimental setup consists of a microcantilever brought into the proximity of a tapered optical fiber. The scattering of evanescent waves and hence the optical transmission through the tapered fiber is strongly dependent on the separation between the fiber and the microcantilever, allowing for sensitive detection of the small oscillations of the microcantilever. Our approach does not require a coherent laser source, yet it provides a displacement sensitivity of ~260fmHz(-1/2) at a small power level of 38microW. It is suitable for scanning probe microscopy and could eventually be adapted to nanomechanical resonators.
STREPTOMYCES ANTIBIOTICS. V. N-METHYL-l-GLUCOSAMINE FROM STREPTOMYCIN (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTREPTOMYCES ANTIBIOTICS. V. N-METHYL-l-GLUCOSAMINE FROM STREPTOMYCINFrederick A. Kuehl Jr., Edwin H. Flynn, Frederick W. Holly, Ralph Mozingo, and Karl FolkersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 3, 536Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01207a520https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01207a520research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation and characterization of a mannose-binding lectin from leaves of the Chinese daffodil <i>Narcissus tazetta</i> (1998)

A mannose-binding lectin was isolated from leaves of the Chinese daffodil Narcissus tazetta (family Amaryllidaceae) using a procedure that comprised extraction with aqueous buffer, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel Blue gel and mannose-agarose, and FPLC-gel filtration on Superose 12. The lectin was adsorbed on mannose-agarose and unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and Affi-gel Blue gel. It was an unglycosylated homodimer with a molecular mass of 26 kDa. Analysis of the N-terminal sequence of the N. tazetta lectin revealed considerable homology to lectins from the daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus, the snowdrop Galanthus nivalis (family Amaryllidaceae), the tulip Tulipa, and Kidachi aloe Aloe arborescens (family Liliaceae), and the orchid lectins (family Orchidaceae). The most striking likeness exists among the Amaryllidaceae lectins. The N. tazetta lectin exhibits hemagglutinating activity toward rabbit erythrocytes.
Real-Time Assessment and Neuromuscular Training Feedback Techniques to Prevent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Female Athletes (2011)

Some athletes may be more susceptible to at-risk knee positions during sports activities, but the underlying causes are not clearly defined. This manuscripts synthesizes in vivo, in vitro and in-silica (computer simulated) data to delineate likely risk factors to the mechanism(s) of non-contact ACL injuries. From these identified risk factors, we will discuss newly developed real-time screening techniques that can be used in training sessions to identify modifiable risk factors. Techniques provided will target and correct altered mechanics which may reduce or eliminate risk factors and aid in the prevention of non-contact ACL injuries in high risk athletes.
Calcium cyanamide synthesis. Part 4.—The reaction CaO + CO<sub>2</sub>= CaCo<sub>3</sub> (1962)

A. J. Dedman and A. J. Owen, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1962, 58, 2027 DOI: 10.1039/TF9625802027
Properties of a hyperpolarization‐activated cation current and its role in rhythmic oscillation in thalamic relay neurones. (1990)

1. The physiological and functional features of time-dependent anomalous rectification activated by hyperpolarization and the current which underlies it, Ih, were examined in guinea-pig and cat thalamocortical relay neurones using in vitro intracellular recording techniques in thalamic slices. 2. Hyperpolarization of the membrane from rest with a constant-current pulse resulted in time-dependent rectification, expressed as a depolarizing sag of the membrane potential back towards rest. Under voltage clamp conditions, hyperpolarizing steps to membrane potentials negative to approximately -60 mV were associated with the activation of a slow inward current, Ih, which showed no inactivation with time. 3. The activation curve of the conductance underlying Ih was obtained through analysis of tail currents and ranged from -60 to -90 mV, with half-activation occurring at -75 mV. The time course of activation of Ih was well fitted by a single-exponential function and was strongly voltage dependent, with time constants ranging from greater than 1-2 s at threshold to an average of 229 ms at -95 mV. The time course of de-activation was also described by a single-exponential function, was voltage dependent, and the time constant ranged from an average of 1000 ms at -80 mV to 347 ms at -55 mV. 4. Raising [K+]o from 2.5 to 7.5 mM enhanced, while decreasing [Na+]o from 153 to 26 mM reduced, the amplitude of Ih. In addition, reduction of [Na+]o slowed the rate of Ih activation. These results indicate that Ih is carried by both Na+ and K+ ions, which is consistent with the extrapolated reversal potential of -43 mV. Replacement of Cl- in the bathing medium with isethionate shifted the chloride equilibrium potential positive by approximately 30-70 mV, evoked an inward shift of the holding current at -50 mV, and resulted in a marked reduction of instantaneous currents as well as Ih, suggesting a non-specific blocking action of impermeable anions. 5. Local (2-10 mM in micropipette) or bath (1-2 mM) applications of Cs+ abolished Ih over the whole voltage range tested (-60 to -110 mV), with no consistent effects on instantaneous currents. Barium (1 mM, local; 0.3-0.5 mM, bath) evoked a steady inward current, reduced the amplitude of instantaneous currents, and had only weak suppressive effects on Ih. 6. Block of Ih with local application of Cs+ resulted in a hyperpolarization of the membrane from the resting level, a decrease in apparent membrane conductance, and a block of the slow after-hyperpolarization that appears upon termination of depolarizing membrane responses, indicating that Ih contributes substantially to the resting and active membrane properties of thalamocortical relay neurones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Microglia protect against brain injury and their selective elimination dysregulates neuronal network activity after stroke (2016)

Microglia are the main immune cells of the brain and contribute to common brain diseases. However, it is unclear how microglia influence neuronal activity and survival in the injured brain in vivo. Here we develop a precisely controlled model of brain injury induced by cerebral ischaemia combined with fast in vivo two-photon calcium imaging and selective microglial manipulation. We show that selective elimination of microglia leads to a striking, 60% increase in infarct size, which is reversed by microglial repopulation. Microglia-mediated protection includes reduction of excitotoxic injury, since an absence of microglia leads to dysregulated neuronal calcium responses, calcium overload and increased neuronal death. Furthermore, the incidence of spreading depolarization (SD) is markedly reduced in the absence of microglia. Thus, microglia are involved in changes in neuronal network activity and SD after brain injury in vivo that could have important implications for common brain diseases.
Balance of crop rotations in 2013 (2015)

Fairness in estate and business planning, continued from page 3 every turn that their guiding objective is to be fair to the children, some of whom may have gone off to college and a career off the farm, others have gone off to college and returned to the farm and others have married and drifted off to the four corners of the world.The reward for being transparent and completely open may be long in coming, but it will, in almost every situation, be warmly regarded and favorably referred to after the parents have gone to assisted living or departed from this earth.It is perhaps the most enduring legacy the parents can leave behind.
Modified X Waves with Improved Field Properties (1993)

A method to obtain a good compromise between the depth of field and the lateral resolution of "X waves" is proposed. The original X waves are theoretically nondiffracting beams generated by a specially phased infinite transmit aperture. When generated by a finite aperture, X waves are diffracting beams but have a large depth of field, maintaining uniform lateral field profiles. The proposed modification of the wave equation solution for X waves replaces a constant parameter representing the propagation angle of ultrasound with a function of radial distance at the aperture surface, and results in modified X waves that have a larger depth of field than the original X waves. Computer simulations show that a proper choice of the modification function can produce a new beam with improved field properties compared with the original X waves, promising images with higher lateral resolution and increased contrast over a large depth of field in high frame rate medical imaging. Experimental results are presented to verify the simulation results of the proposed method.
Murine models of polycystic kidney disease: molecular and therapeutic insights (2003)

Numerous murine (mouse and rat) models of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) have been described in which the mutant phenotype results from a spontaneous mutation or engineering via chemical mutagenesis, transgenic technologies, or gene-specific targeting in mouse orthologs of human PKD genes. These murine phenotypes closely resemble human PKD, with common abnormalities observed in tubular epithelia, the interstitial compartment, and the extracellular matrix of cystic kidneys. In both human and murine PKD, genetic background appears to modulate the renal cystic phenotype. In murine models, these putative modifying effects have been dissected into discrete factors called quantitative trait loci and genetically mapped. Several lines of experimental evidence support the hypothesis that PKD genes and their modifiers may define pathways involved in cystogenesis and PKD progression. Among the various pathway abnormalities described in murine PKD, recent provocative data indicate that structural and/or functional defects in the primary apical cilia of tubular epithelia may play a key role in PKD pathogenesis. This review describes the most widely studied murine models; highlights the data regarding specific gene defects and genetic modifiers; summarizes the data from these models that have advanced our understanding of PKD pathogenesis; and examines the effect of various therapeutic interventions in murine PKD.
Ocular Surface, Ocular Adnexal, and Lacrimal Complications Associated With the Use of Systemic 5-Fluorouracil (2003)

Ninety-three percent of the patients who had an ocular abnormality had tearing as one of the complications. Patients who are receiving systemic 5-FU and begin to tear should have an ocular examination, looking for ocular surface, ocular adnexal, and lacrimal complications.
Elastic modulus of single wood pulp fibers (1977)

Careful measurements have been made of the elastic modulus of softwood fibers over a range of fibril angle 0-50°. For fibers of similar fibril angle, the modulus varies appreciably and this is shown to be caused by microcompressions, dislocations, and other inhomogeneities in the structure. For fibers that are free from such defects, the plot of modulus against fibril angle follows a smooth curve. Using orthotropic elasticity theory, an explicit equation for modulus in terms of fibril angle and the orthotropic elastic constants of the cell wall has been derived. The experimental data fit theory excellently. The elastic constants of the cell wall derived from the fit show the wall to be highly anisotropic.
Serum concentrations of free ubiquitin and multiubiquitin chains (1997)

Ubiquitin, which can conjugate with cellular proteins, is classified into two forms: free ubiquitin and multiubiquitin chains. The latter is active as a signal for degradation of the targeted proteins. We found both forms in human serum and, using two immunoassays, quantitated them in sera from healthy subjects and patients with some diseases. Because of putative leakage of erythrocyte ubiquitin, hemolytic serum and serum obtained after long incubation (> 1-2 h) of blood at room temperature were excluded. Serum concentrations of multiubiquitin chains and free ubiquitin were substantially higher in rheumatoid arthritis and hemodialysis patients, respectively, than healthy subjects. Additionally, in acute viral hepatitis, serum multiubiquitin chain concentrations were increased in the acute phase, decreased in the recovery phase, and correlated with alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities (r = 0.676 and 0.610, P < 0.0001 and < 0.001, respectively). Therefore, serum ubiquitin may have prognostic value.
Structure and Dynamics of Interphase Chromosomes (2008)

During interphase chromosomes decondense, but fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments reveal the existence of distinct territories occupied by individual chromosomes inside the nuclei of most eukaryotic cells. We use computer simulations to show that the existence and stability of territories is a kinetic effect that can be explained without invoking an underlying nuclear scaffold or protein-mediated interactions between DNA sequences. In particular, we show that the experimentally observed territory shapes and spatial distances between marked chromosome sites for human, Drosophila, and budding yeast chromosomes can be reproduced by a parameter-free minimal model of decondensing chromosomes. Our results suggest that the observed interphase structure and dynamics are due to generic polymer effects: confined Brownian motion conserving the local topological state of long chain molecules and segregation of mutually unentangled chains due to topological constraints.
The application of high performance liquid chromatography to the study of cotton stickiness (1985)

La chromatographie liquide a haute performance a ete appliquee a l'etude des sucres constitutifs des depots collants sur le coton. Un systeme de «phases greffees» (Spherisorb S 5NH) s'est montre etre une methode precise de separation et de determination des mono di- et tri-saccharides presents. Un systeme d'exclusion par taille de particules (Dupont PSM 60) a ete egalement utilise pour separer les sucres de poids moleculaire plus faible de la fraction essentielle des polysaccharides. Les etudes des echantillons de fibres de coton provenant des essais utilisant l'insecticide Birlane ont indique que les di- et tri-saccharides extraits des insectes constituaient un meilleur indice d'attaque que la teneur totale en sucres
<i>Ex vivo</i> expansion of human T cells for adoptive immunotherapy using the novel Xeno‐free CTS Immune Cell Serum Replacement (2015)

The manufacture of clinical grade cellular products for adoptive immunotherapy requires ex vivo culture and expansion of human T cells. One of the key components in manufacturing of T cell therapies is human serum (HS) or fetal bovine serum (FBS), which can potentially expose immunotherapy recipient to adventitious infectious pathogens and are thus considered as non-cGMP compliant for adoptive therapy. Here we describe a novel xeno-free serum replacement (SR) with defined components that can be reproducibly used for the production of clinical grade T-cell therapies in combination with several different cell culture media. Dynabeads CD3/CD28 Cell Therapy System (CTS)-activated or antigen-specific T cells expanded using the xeno-free SR, CTS Immune Cell SR, showed comparable growth kinetics observed with cell culture media supplemented with HS or FBS. Importantly the xeno-free SR supplemented medium supported the optimal expansion of T cells specific for subdominant tumour-associated antigens and promoted expansion of T cells with central memory T-cell phenotype, which is favourable for in vivo survival and persistence following adoptive transfer. Furthermore, T cells expanded using xeno-free SR medium were highly amenable to lentivirus-mediated gene transduction for potential application for gene-modified T cells. Taken together, the CTS Immune Cell SR provides a novel platform strategy for the manufacture of clinical grade adoptive cellular therapies.
On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits (2014)

A consequent tendency toward high-performance quantum information processing is to develop the fully integrated photonic chip. Here, we report the on-chip generation and manipulation of entangled photons based on reconfigurable lithium-niobate waveguide circuits. By introducing a periodically poled structure into the waveguide circuits, two individual photon-pair sources with a controllable electro-optic phase shift are produced within a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer, resulting in a deterministically separated identical photon pair. The state is characterized by 92.9±0.9% visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. The photon flux reaches ∼1.4×10(7) pairs nm-1 mW-1. The whole chip is designed to contain nine similar units to produce identical photon pairs spanning the telecom C and L band by the flexible engineering of nonlinearity. Our work presents a scenario for on-chip engineering of different photon sources and paves the way to fully integrated quantum technologies.