gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional aspects of skeletal muscle contractile apparatus and sarcoplasmic reticulum after fatigue (1998)

This study examined the effects of fatigue on the functional aspects of the contractile apparatus and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Frog semitendinosus muscles were stimulated to fatigue, and skinned fibers or a homogenate fraction was prepared from both fatigued and rested contralateral muscles. In fatigued fibers, maximal Ca2+-activated force of the contractile apparatus was unaltered, whereas maximal actomyosin-ATPase activity was depressed by 20%. The Ca2+ sensitivity of force was increased, whereas that of actomyosin-ATPase was not altered. Also, the rate constant for tension redevelopment was decreased at submaximal Ca2+ concentration. These latter findings suggest that fatigue slows the dissociation of force-generating myosin cross bridges. Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+-ATPase activity of the SR were depressed by 46 and 21%, respectively, in the fatigued muscles. Fatigue also reduced the rates of SR Ca2+ release evoked by AgNO3 and 4-chloro-m-cresol by 38 and 45%, respectively. During fatigue, the contractile apparatus and SR undergo intrinsic functional alterations. These changes likely result in altered force production and energy consumption by the intact muscle.
Studies of Drug Delivery Systems for Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor. Part II. Increase in Total Blood Leukocyte Count Following Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (rhG-CSF) in Rabbits with Cyclophosphamide-Induced Leukopenia. (1995)

We investigated the effects of intranasal (i.n.) administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (rhG-CSF) on the total count of leukocytes in peripheral blood (total blood leukocyte count) of rabbits with leukopenia who received cyclophosphamide (CPA). When CPA (30 mg/kg per d) was administered intravenously, the total blood leukocyte count decreased to levels below 5000/microliters approximately 4 d after the initiation of CPA multiple dosing. The decreased level of the total blood leukocyte count was maintained throughout the period of CPA dosing. RhG-CSF was given once a day for 3 d in CPA-treated rabbits via i.n. administration of aqueous preparations containing rhG-CSF with or without alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CyD). The total blood leukocyte count increased from levels below 5000/microliters to the normal physiological level following i.n. administration of rhG-CSF preparation and reduced the period of leukopenia induced by CPA. The coadministration of rhG-CSF and alpha-CyD was more effective in increasing the total blood leukocyte count. It is suggested that i.n. administration of rhG-CSF is promising for reducing the risk of cytotoxic chemotherapy (CPA)-induced leukopenia as an adverse side effect.
Nonholographic, autostereoscopic, nonplanar display of computer-generated images (1991)

Autostereoscopic displays are the preferred method for providing true three dimensional images. They require no training or cooperation from viewers and so maximize the number of potential users. Holography is able to provide extremely realistic images but problems with full color, lack of flexibility and generation techniques currently limit its utility. Parallax barrier or lenticular sheet displays provide more useful alternatives. For autostereoscopic displays, a nonplanar shape offers some definite advantages not otherwise available.
A cylindrical format provides total lookaround capability. This allows a viewer to inspect the object being displayed from all possible angles and also allows the maximum number of simultaneous viewers. There is no preference given to any one viewing direction and viewers may completely surround the display. Alcove displays provide either moderate lookaround without secondary images or an ultrawide field of view which removes any unwanted peripheral distractions.
To fabricate a cylindrical display, planar projection of cylindrically warped images provides a simple and effective strategy. The display curvature necessitates a very wide viewing angle so excessive parallax leading to ghosting is problematic. Warping is a variation of picture mapping and the required mapping functions are given. For higher speed, image processing techniques can give highly accurate approximations to the cylindrical warp in near real time. Secondary images may be present and require masking during the fabrication process.
Cylindrical alcoves are problematic and provide no clear advantages over an alcove display that is piecewise planar. Images for a piecewise planar display can be generated much more quickly since this requires only standard perspective projection techniques without need to perform any image warping. With improvements in display hardware, the emergence of autostereoscopic softcopy displays has already begun. An acceleration method is described for faster generation of panoramic images through pixel shifting by linear interpolation. Although subject to errors when hidden surface are uncovered, this technique can provide substantial speed enhancements and allow realtime manipulation of stereoscopic images.
Distortions are an unavoidable part of any stereo pair technology. The effects of changes to viewing parameters are characterized and formulas are presented to quantify them. It is shown how distortions that would result from changes to viewing parameters can be nullified by offsetting changes to other parameter values. Additional distortions are discussed and shown to be characteristic of particular display types.
Electroluminescent Display (1975)

Although there is considerable interest today in electroluminescent display devices, interest in this subject has varied greatly in the past. As far back as 1937 Destriau carried out experiments on phosphor powders and discovered that luminescence could be produced by the direct application of an electric field.3 Unfortunately his work was either ignored or looked upon with suspicion by the scientific community until 1950 when workers at the Sylvania Co. demonstrated that practical largetrea luminescent panels12 could be made, bsed on Destriau's work. The ensuing few years saw much activity as individuals at various laboratories undertook the study of electrically addressing such panels with the thought of flat-panel TV displays as their ultimate goal. The confidence tnd euphoria initially prevailing soon gave way to widespread pessimism as it became evident that some very difficult problems stood in the way. Aside from the fact that relatively high voltages were required to excite electroluminescent layers, the low average brightness obtained under pulsed or intermittent excitation when sequentially addressing elements seemed discouraging. In addition it was found that the addressing of selected elements by arrays of X-Y conductors caused excessive excitation of other elements, making the contrast of any image impractically low. Equally discouraging was the fact that the operating life of early layers was frequently only a few hundred hours.
Phosphorylation of Actin-Depolymerizing Factor/Cofilin by LIM-Kinase Mediates Amyloid  -Induced Degeneration: A Potential Mechanism of Neuronal Dystrophy in Alzheimer's Disease (2006)

Deposition of fibrillar amyloid beta (fAbeta) plays a critical role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have shown recently that fAbeta-induced dystrophy requires the activation of focal adhesion proteins and the formation of aberrant focal adhesion structures, suggesting the activation of a mechanism of maladaptative plasticity in AD. Focal adhesions are actin-based structures that provide a structural link between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. To gain additional insight in the molecular mechanism of neuronal degeneration in AD, here we explored the involvement of LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1), actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF), and cofilin in Abeta-induced dystrophy. ADF/cofilin are actin-binding proteins that play a central role in actin filament dynamics, and LIMK1 is the kinase that phosphorylates and thereby inhibits ADF/cofilin. Our data indicate that treatment of hippocampal neurons with fAbeta increases the level of Ser3-phosphorylated ADF/cofilin and Thr508-phosphorylated LIMK1 (P-LIMK1), accompanied by a dramatic remodeling of actin filaments, neuritic dystrophy, and neuronal cell death. A synthetic peptide, S3 peptide, which acts as a specific competitor for ADF/cofilin phosphorylation by LIMK1, inhibited fAbeta-induced ADF/cofilin phosphorylation, preventing actin filament remodeling and neuronal degeneration, indicating the involvement of LIMK1 in Abeta-induced neuronal degeneration in vitro. Immunofluorescence analysis of AD brain showed a significant increase in the number of P-LIMK1-positive neurons in areas affected with AD pathology. P-LIMK1-positive neurons also showed early signs of AD pathology, such as intracellular Abeta and pretangle phosphorylated tau. Thus, LIMK1 activation may play a key role in AD pathology.
Homeodomain protein binding sites, inverted repeats, and nuclear matrix attachment regions along the human β‐globin gene complex (1993)

beta-Globin genes in primates arose during evolution by duplication of an ancestral gene, and their order of arrangement along the DNA is related to their timing of expression during development. We believe that nuclear matrix anchorage sites (MARs) along the beta-globin gene complex considered to be mass binding sites for transcription protein factors, some of which are developmental stage specific and others ubiquitous, play a decisive role in cell memory by determining the developmental stage-specific expression of the genes. The AT-rich class of MARs appears to possess a significant number of ATTA and ATTTA motifs known to be mass binding sites for homeodomain proteins that determine body formation in development. MARs also appear to harbor origins of replication, to be enriched in inverted repeats (dyad symmetry motifs) and were proposed to include the DNase I hypersensitive sites of a particular gene determined at the chromatin level. This study is an attempt to finely identify MARs at the nucleotide level along the beta-globin gene complex. Searches of a contiguous stretch of about 73.3 kb of human sequences comprising and surrounding the epsilon, gamma G-, gamma A-, delta-, and beta-globin genes of the human beta-globin gene complex for homeotic protein binding sites as well as for inverted repeats has shown that these elements are clustered nonrandomly at particular sites within the beta-globin gene complex. These sites are presumed to be the AT-rich class of MARs of the beta-globin gene complex. The inverted repeats which are characteristic of origins of replication and some promoter/enhancer regions and the homeotic protein sites seem to include the DNase I hypersensitive sites of the gene complex. Indeed, dyad symmetry sequences are present close to the four DNase I HS sites in the locus control region (LCR) of the gene complex as well as in the 5' flanking regions and the large introns of the delta- and beta-globin genes. A search of the putative MAR regions of the gene complex suggests that, in addition to their enrichment in ATTA motifs, palindromes, and DNase I hypersensitive sites, these regions may comprise TG-rich motifs and potential Z-DNA as well as polypurine and polypyrimidine blocks. From the positions of palindromes and clusters of homeodomain protein sites along the complex we propose that an extended origin of replication able to initiate at several sites is present in the LCR and two others surrounding the delta- and beta-globin genes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Design, Implementation, and Verification of the Reliable Multicast Protocol (1995)

This document describes the Reliable Multicast Protocol (RMP) design, first implementation, and formal verification. RMP provides a totally ordered, reliable, atomic multicast service on top of an unreliable multicast datagram service. RMP is fully and symmetrically distributed so that no site bears an undue portion of the communications load. RMP provides a wide range of guarantees, from unreliable delivery to totally ordered delivery, to K-resilient, majority resilient, and totally resilient atomic delivery. These guarantees are selectable on a per message basis. RMP provides many communication options, including virtual synchrony, a publisher/subscriber model of message delivery, a client/server model of delivery, mutually exclusive handlers for messages, and mutually exclusive locks. It has been commonly believed that total ordering of messages can only be achieved at great performance expense. RMP discounts this. The first implementation of RMP has been shown to provide high throughput performance on Local Area Networks (LAN). For two or more destinations a single LAN, RMP provides higher throughput than any other protocol that does not use multicast or broadcast technology. The design, implementation, and verification activities of RMP have occurred concurrently. This has allowed the verification to maintain a high fidelity between design model, implementation model, and the verification model. The restrictions of implementation have influenced the design earlier than in normal sequential approaches. The protocol as a whole has matured smoother by the inclusion of several different perspectives into the product development.
Mining Semi-Structured Online Knowledge Bases to Answer Natural Language Questions on Community QA Websites (2014)

Over the past few years, community QA websites (e.g. Yahoo! Answers) have become a useful platform for users to post questions and obtain answers. However, not all questions posted there receive informative answers or are answered in a timely manner. In this paper, we show that the answers to some of these questions are available in online domain-specific knowledge bases and propose an approach to automatically discover those answers. In the proposed approach, we would first mine appropriate SQL query patterns by leveraging an existing collection of QA pairs, and then use the learned query patterns to answer previously unseen questions by returning relevant entities from the knowledge base. Evaluation on a collection of health domain questions from Yahoo! Answers shows that the proposed method is effective in discovering potential answers to user questions from an online medical knowledge base.
Luminescence and energy transfer of rare-earth-metal ions in Mg2Y8(SiO4)6O2 (1995)

The photoluminescence of Ce3+, Tb3+ and Sm3+, and energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+, Dy3+ and Sm3+ in Mg2Y8(SiO4)6O2 are reported and discussed. The Ce3+ ion shows blue luminescence under UV excitation, and occupies simultaneously the 4f site and 6h site in the host lattice. The optimum concentrations for the 5D3 and 5D4 emissions of Tb3+ and the 4G5/2 emission of Sm3+ are determined to be 0.04, 0.20 and 0.10 mol in every mol of Mg2Y8(SiO4)6O2, respectively. The critical distances responsible for the cross-relaxation between the 5D3–5D4 and 7F6–7F0 transitions of Tb3+ and between the 4G5/2–4F9/2 and 6H5/2–4F9/2 transitions of Sm3+ are estimated to be 1.43 and 1.06 nm, respectively. Both Tb3+ and Dy3+ can be sensitized by Ce3+, but Ce3+ and Sm3+ quench each other.
Institute Doings (1949)

The Executive Committee, meeting on May 25, took various actions of a managerial nature with respect to current operations of the Institute.
Surface plasmons in metallic nanoparticles: fundamentals and applications (2012)

The full text of this corrigendum is available in the PDF.
Analysis of the role of basic‐helix‐loop‐helix transcription factors in the development of neural lineages in the mouse (1995)

The development of neural lineages is a complex process which is being actively investigated in both vertebrate and invertebrate models. A detailed genetic analysis of sensory organ development in Drosophila has revealed the contribution of numerous genes which function to progressively to specify the fate of neural precursor cells. Many of these genes have mammalian homologs which are also expressed in the developing nervous system, among which two families of genes encoding transcription factors of the helix-loop-helix class. The two mouse Mash genes are homologs of the Drosophila achaete-scute genes, which are positive regulators of neural precursor development. The five mouse HES genes are homologs of the Drosophila hairy and Enhancer of split genes, which act as negative regulators in this process. We have generated a null mutation in the mouse Mash1 gene by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Animals homozygous for this mutation die at birth, and show severe losses in olfactory and autonomic neurons. In both lineages, the mutation appears to affect the development of neuronal precursors. We have also started a genetic analysis of the mouse HES genes to study their function during neurogenesis and the possibility that they regulate the activity of Mash1 and other positive regulators.
Stripping of High-Dose Ion-Implanted Photoresist Using a Combination of Dry and Wet Single-Wafer Processing (2012)

High dosed ion implanted (HDI) photoresist is well-known to be difficult to remove by conventional wet stripping e.g. sulfuric–peroxide mixture without substrate loss because of their carbonized crust layer. To overcome this issue, several methods are proposed such as dry etch + wet, assist of physical cleaning. In this paper, a new method to strip HDI photoresist using a combination of dry and wet processing in the same chamber is introduced to achieve HDI photoresist removal without substrate loss. A new process consists of two steps. The first process removes the carbonized crust layer by atmospheric-pressure inductively coupled hydrogen plasma, and the second process removes remaining the bulk photoresist by a sulfuric–ozone mixture. The new process enables removal of the HDI photoresist without any substrate loss, and with significantly shorter times.
Lambda in blocks languages: Lessons learned (2015)

In designing BYOB and Snap/, we wanted to extend the Scratch idea of visual metaphors for control structures to include anonymous procedures and higher order functions. We describe the iterations in the design leading to the current "grey ring" notation.
Instrumentation and Computer Based Data Acquisition for in-Situ Rock Property Measurements (1980)

This paper discusses instrumentation and computer based data acquisition for in-situ rock property measurements as applied to an experiment conducted at Stripa, Sweden in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Energy and the Swedish government. Electrical heaters were installed in an underground granite mass to simulate thermal loading by canisters of high-level nuclear waste. Extensometers, borehole deformation gages, vibrating wire stress meters, and thermocouples were used to monitor the thermomechanical response of the granite. A computer based data acquisition system recorded data, performed on-line computations and provided graphic output. A summary description is given of the experiment areas, heater systems, data acquisition hardware, and four types of instruments used for the in-situ rock property measurements.
Targeted therapy of renal cell carcinoma: Synergistic activity of cG250‐TNF and IFNg (2009)

Immunotherapeutic targeting of G250/Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) represents a promising strategy for treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The well characterized human-mouse chimeric G250 (cG250) antibody has been shown in human studies to specifically enrich in CA-IX positive tumors and was chosen as a carrier for site specific delivery of TNF in form of our IgG-TNF-fusion protein (cG250-TNF) to RCC xenografts. Genetically engineered TNF constructs were designed as CH2/CH3 truncated cG250-TNF fusion proteins and eucariotic expression was optimized under serum-free conditions. In-vitro characterization of cG250-TNF comprised biochemical analysis and bioactivity assays, alone and in combination with Interferon-gamma (IFNgamma). Biodistribution data on radiolabeled [(125)J] cG250-TNF and antitumor activity of cG250-TNF, alone and in combination with IFNgamma, were measured on RCC xenografts in BALB/c nu/nu mice. Combined administration of cG250-TNF and IFNgamma caused synergistic biological effects that represent key mechanisms displaying antitumor responses. Biodistribution studies demonstrated specific accumulation and retention of cG250-TNF at CA-IX-positive RCC resulting in growth inhibition of RCC and improved progression free survival and overall survival. Antitumor activity induced by targeted TNF-based constructs could be enhanced by coadministration of low doses of nontargeted IFNgamma without significant increase in side effects. Administration of cG250-TNF and IFNgamma resulted in significant synergistic tumoricidal activity. Considering the poor outcome of renal cancer patients with advanced disease, cG250-TNF-based immunotherapeutic approaches warrant clinical evaluation.
Rubber-Like Properties of the Inner Hinge-Ligament of Pectinidae (1966)

ABSTRACT The inner hinge-ligament of Pectinidae (Lamellibranchiata) is an elastic block of amorphous cross-linked protein, plasticized with water. It acts as a compression spring, and is the antagonist of the shell adductor muscle. Its elasticity is shown to be rubber-like, in that the elastic restoring force is mainly due to entropy changes. Rubber-like elasticity has been demonstrated by other authors in two other proteins (elastin and resilin). Pectinidae swim by rapid opening and closing of the shell. The resilience of the inner hinge-ligament of Chlamys at the frequency of the swimming movements is at least 91%. The inner hinge-ligament of Pectinidae is compared with other proteins which show long-range elasticity.
The action of sodium lauryl sulphate on rat skin-an ultrastructural study (1974)

An assessment was made of the ultrastructural changes in the epidermis of clipped rat skin following six washings over 3 days with 1% sodium lauryl sulphate. Findings included deposition of lipid in most cells, marked spongiosis and vesiculation, partial detachment of basal cells from the basal lamina, isolated rupture of the basal lamina, condensation of tonofibrils within cells of the stratum basale and stratum spinosum, protein deposition between the deeper epidermal cells (epidermal oedema/blister formation) and thickening of the epidermis and stratum corneum. There was a reduc‐tion in the number of keratohyalin granules, with no change in their structure or average size. A 1% solution of sodium lauryl sulphate can cause marked general damage to the epidermis of clipped rat skin under the conditions described above.
System identification using the neural-extended Kalman filter for state-estimation and controller modification (2008)

The neural extended Kalman filter (NEKF) is an adaptive state estimation technique that can be used in target tracking and directly in a feedback loop. It improves state estimates by learning the difference between the a priori model and the actual system dynamics. The neural network training occurs while the system is in operation. Often, however, due to stability concerns, such an adaptive component in the feedback loop is not considered desirable by the designer of a control system. Instead, the tuning of parameters is considered to be more acceptable. The ability of the NEKF to learn dynamics in an open-loop implementation, such as with target tracking and intercept prediction, can be used to identify mismodeled dynamics external to the closed-loop system. The improved nonlinear system model can then be used at given intervals to adapt the state estimator and the state feedback gains in the control law, providing better performance based on the actual system dynamics. This variation to neural extended Kalman filter control operations is introduced in this paper using applications to the nonlinear version of the standard cart-pendulum system.