gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Major Oxidative 3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Human Prostate That Converts 5α-Androstane-3α,17β-diol to 5α-Dihydrotestosterone: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Androgen-Dependent Disease (2005)

Androgen-dependent prostate diseases initially require 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for growth. The DHT product 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol (3alpha-diol), is inactive at the androgen receptor (AR), but induces prostate growth, suggesting that an oxidative 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) exists. Candidate enzymes that posses 3alpha-HSD activity are type 3 3alpha-HSD (AKR1C2), 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase (RODH 5), L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase , RODH like 3alpha-HSD (RL-HSD), novel type of human microsomal 3alpha-HSD, and retinol dehydrogenase 4 (RODH 4). In mammalian transfection studies all enzymes except AKR1C2 oxidized 3alpha-diol back to DHT where RODH 5, RODH 4, and RL-HSD were the most efficient. AKR1C2 catalyzed the reduction of DHT to 3alpha-diol, suggesting that its role is to eliminate DHT. Steady-state kinetic parameters indicated that RODH 4 and RL-HSD were high-affinity, low-capacity enzymes whereas RODH 5 was a low-affinity, high-capacity enzyme. AR-dependent reporter gene assays showed that RL-HSD, RODH 5, and RODH 4 shifted the dose-response curve for 3alpha-diol a 100-fold, yielding EC(50) values of 2.5 x 10(-9) M, 1.5 x 10(-9) M, and 1.0 x 10(-9) M, respectively, when compared with the empty vector (EC(50) = 1.9 x 10(-7) M). Real-time RT-PCR indicated that L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase and RL-HSD were expressed more than 15-fold higher compared with the other candidate oxidative enzymes in human prostate and that RL-HSD and AR were colocalized in primary prostate stromal cells. The data show that the major oxidative 3alpha-HSD in normal human prostate is RL-HSD and may be a new therapeutic target for treating prostate diseases.
Multipixel Techniques for Frequency-Domain Photon Migration Imaging (1997)

The ability to map interior optical properties of a highly scattering medium from exterior measurements of light propagation is afforded by optical tomography. In this communication, we describe the problem of optical tomography, the techniques of photon migration measurements necessary to accomplish it, and the development of multipixel measurements for rapid collection of optical signals. These multipixel measurements are shown to provide detection of contrast owing to the optical properties of absorption and fluorescence associated with dye-laden heterogeneities embedded in a tissue-like scattering medium. From these rapid measurements, successful reconstruction of an interior optical property map may now be possible with clinically realistic data acquisition times. Applications for the technology arise for biomedical optical imaging for the in vivo detection of disease and the diagnosis of tissue (bio-) chemistry.
Frequency-Domain Adaptive Prediction Iterative Channel Estimation for OFDM Signal Reception (2005)

In this letter, pilot-assisted adaptive prediction iterative channel estimation in frequency-domain is presented for the antenna diversity reception of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. A frequency-domain adaptive prediction filtering is applied to iterative channel estimation for improving the tracking capability against frequency-domain variations in a severe frequency-selective fading channel. Also, in order to track the changing fading environment, the tap weights of frequency-domain prediction filter are updated using the simple NLMS algorithm. Updating of tap weights is incorporated into the iterative channel estimation loop to achieve faster convergence rate. The average bit error rate (BER) performance in a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel is evaluated by computer simulation. It is confirmed that the frequency-domain adaptive prediction iterative channel estimation provides better BER performance than the conventional iterative channel estimation schemes.
The significance of physical training of pilots. (1968)

Abstract : The aim of this report has been to explain the absolute necessity of physical exercise in preserving the efficiency of pilots. The technic and regimen of the possible exercises have been explained in detail, and brief mention has been made of the possibility of a rehabilitation program such as the one currently meeting with success in Germany. The suggested training recommendations should place the flight surgeon in a position to control the efficiency rate and to cut efficiency loss through instituting the appropriate exercises.
Variance Reduction of Speed of Sound Estimation in Tissues Using the Beam Tracking Method (1987)

Some factors which influence the precision of speed of sound estimations using the previously described beam tracking method are discussed. A computer simulation of this method is described in detail. The simulation predicts an approximately threefold improve- ment when using the centroids of the demodulated echo signals instead of their peaks. It is further shown that the estimator is unbiased and that precisions of less than one percent are achievable.
A Gelated Colloidal Crystal Attached Lens for Noninvasive Continuous Monitoring of Tear Glucose (2017)

Patients of diabetes mellitus urgently need noninvasive and continuous glucose monitoring in daily point-of-care. As the tear glucose concentration has a positive correlation with that in blood, the hydrogel colloidal crystal integrated into contact lens possesses promising potential for noninvasive monitoring of glucose in tears. This paper presents a new glucose-responsive sensor, which consists a crystalline colloidal array (CCA) embedded in hydrogel matrix, attached onto a rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens. This novel sensing lens is able to selectively diffract visible light, whose wavelength shifts between 567 and 468 nm according to the alternation of the glucose concentration between 0 and 50 mM and its visible color change between reddish yellow, green, and blue. The detection limit of responsive glucose concentration can be reduced to 0.05 mM. Its combination with a contact lens endows it with excellent biocompatibility and portability, which shows great possibility for it to push the development of glucose-detecting devices into new era.
The Use of Anterior Chamber Na-Hyaluronate in a Pseudophakic Patient Requiring Intravitreal Air During Retinal Reattachment Surgery (1981)

SUMMARY Na-hyaluronate, a viscoelastic substance without evidence of intraocular toxicity, appears to have potential as a means of maintaining the anterior chamber in the presence of an intravitreal air bubble and an intraocular lens.
Reactive Oxygen Species and Cell Signaling: Respiratory Burst in Macrophage Signaling (2002)

Phagocytes such as neutrophils and macrophages produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) during phagocytosis or stimulation with a wide variety of agents through activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH) oxidase that is assembled at the plasma membrane from resident plasma membrane and cytosolic protein components. One of the subunits of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase is now recognized as a member of a family of NADPH oxidases, or NOX, present in cells other than phagocytes. Physiologic generation of ROS has been implicated in a variety of physiologic responses from transcriptional activation to cell proliferation and apoptosis. The increase in superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that results from stimulation of the NADPH oxidase is transient, in part due to the presence of the antioxidant enzymes, which return their concentrations to the prestimulation steady state level. Thus, the antioxidant enzymes may function in the "turn-off" phase of signal transduction by ROS. During its transient elevation, H2O2 may act as a modifier of key signaling enzymes through reversible oxidation of critical thiols. The rapid reaction of thiols with H2O2 when in their unprotonated state would provide a potential mechanism for the specificity that is necessary for physiologic cell signaling.
TNF receptors TR60 and TR80 can mediate apoptosis via induction of distinct signal pathways. (1994)

TNF membrane receptors are usually co-expressed in many tissues but their relative contribution to cellular TNF responses is for most situations unknown. In a TNF cytotoxicity model of KYM-1, a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, we recently demonstrated that each of the two TNFRs is on its own capable of inducing cell death. Here we show that both receptors are able to induce apoptosis, as revealed from a similar onset of DNA fragmentation and typical morphologic criteria. To obtain additional information about the signaling pathways involved in TR60- and TR80-induced programmed cell death, we have used a series of selective inhibitors of intracellular signaling molecules. The overall pattern emerging from these experiments provides strong evidence for distinct signal pathway usage of TR60 and TR80, indicating protein kinase(s)-mediated control of TR60 signaling and a tight linkage of TR80 to arachidonate metabolism. The subsequent establishment of KYM-1-derived cell lines that display TNFR selective resistance further supports a segregation of TR60 and TR80 signaling pathways for induction of apoptotic cell death. Moreover, these results demonstrate an independent control of the distinct signaling cascades used by TR60 and TR80. This allows a highly flexible regulation of a cellular TNF response in those cases in which both receptors contribute to overall TNF responsiveness.
An HF Communications Frequency-Management Procedure for Forecasting the Frequency of Optimum Transmission (1984)

Abstract : This report describes a procedure for forecasting the Frequency of Optimum Transmission (FOT) on a high-frequency communications path when the Maximum Observable Frequency (MOF) on another path and an historical record of the correlations of MOFs measured on the two paths are known. The procedure, known as 'Updating' uses MOF values measured by an oblique-incidence sounder on one path to adjust the MOF forecast by the MINIMUF model for a second path. The model is Updated by using one of its input parameters, the solar 10.7 cm flux, as an adjustable parameter to make the predicted MOF equal the measured MOF on the sounded path. The measurement of the correlation coefficient connecting MOFs measured on a pair of sounded paths is discussed. After forecasting MOF, statistical methods are used to determine the FOT, which may be defined as the highest frequency not exceeded by the MOF ninety percent of the time. Data from the 1980 Solid Shield series of ionospheric measurements are used in examples of correlation coefficient measurements, Updated forecasts, and FOT determinations. Originator-supplied keywords include: High frequency propagation.
Multi-organ segmentation in abdominal CT images (2012)

Automated segmentation of multiple organs in CT data of the upper abdomen is addressed. In order to explicitly incorporate the spatial interrelations among organs, we propose a method for finding and representing the interrelations based on canonical correlation analysis. Furthermore, methods are developed for constructing and utilizing the statistical atlas in which inter-organ constraints are explicitly incorporated to improve accuracy of multi-organ segmentation. The proposed methods were tested to perform segmentation of eight abdominal organs (liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, gallbladder, aorta, and inferior vena cava) from various imaging conditions of CT datasets. 87 datasets acquired at two institutions were used for the validation. Significant accuracy improvement was observed for several organs in comparison with the conventional method.
Advanced simulation, battle managers, and visualization (1995)

Advanced modeling, visualization, and simulation is of growing utility for the military, e.g., the Navy and Marine Corps. Potential uses are for situational awareness displays, analysis, assessment, doctrine, mission support, rehearsal and replay, tactics, and training. Advanced technology platforms can be assessed using simulation. New sensors and systems can be evaluated. A battle or simulation manager (BM or SM) is a flexible piece of software that commands, controls, and displays the simulation of a group of objects. It is an environment or toolkit for analysis, assessment, training, and wargaming. Current doctrine and tactics can be tested and missions planned with this type of software. The objects (military platforms) propagate and interact in space over the course of time through well-defined object-oriented processes. Features of a good BM include graphical two and three dimensional displays, database access, sensor and weapon models, and networking (via DIS or Distributed Interactive Simulation). A BM should be easy to use, fast, useful to the user, readily available, and widely used. It should be portable cross computer platforms. Today, there is a wide assortment of BMs, none of which satisfies these criteria.
Stochastic model of complex ISAR signals and spatial correlation image reconstruction procedure (2002)

Summary form only given. Inverse aperture synthesis is a process of collecting signal returns from a moving target illuminated by wide band transmitted pulses. This work deals with a stochastic model of signal returns and spatial correlation image reconstruction method for signal processing in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR). Any hypothetic 2-D object flying within the ISAR range is depicted in a 3-D Cartesian grid by point scatterers placed at each node of the grid. The intensities of the point scatterers which belong to the object are described by applying stochastic process with Rayleigh probability distribution. The additive noise in the signal returns is modeled using Gaussian delta correlated zero mean process. The phases of the signals reflected by the point scatterers of the object are expressed by means of a stochastic uniform distribution process. The analytical expressions describing deterministic 3-D quadrature components of the ISAR signal returns are derived. A spatial correlation image reconstruction procedure, based on an analytic geometric approach in inverse aperture synthesis, is developed. Numerical experiments were performed. Complex microwave holograms and reconstructed images with different signal/noise ratio are obtained.
Scalable Synchronization and Reciprocity Calibration for Distributed Multiuser MIMO (2013)

Large-scale distributed Multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) is a promising wireless network architecture that combines the advantages of "massive MIMO" and "small cells." It consists of several Access Points (APs) connected to a central server via a wired backhaul network and acting as a large distributed antenna system. We focus on the downlink, which is both more demanding in terms of traffic and more challenging in terms of implementation than the uplink. In order to enable multiuser joint precoding of the downlink signals, channel state information at the transmitter side is required. We consider Time Division Duplex (TDD), where the {\em downlink} channels can be learned from the user uplink pilot signals, thanks to channel reciprocity. Furthermore, coherent multiuser joint precoding is possible only if the APs maintain a sufficiently accurate relative timing and phase synchronization. AP synchronization and TDD reciprocity calibration are two key problems to be solved in order to enable distributed MU-MIMO downlink. In this paper, we propose novel over-the-air synchronization and calibration protocols that scale well with the network size. The proposed schemes can be applied to networks formed by a large number of APs, each of which is driven by an inexpensive 802.11-grade clock and has a standard RF front-end, not explicitly designed to be reciprocal. Our protocols can incorporate, as a building block, any suitable timing and frequency estimator. Here we revisit the problem of joint ML timing and frequency estimation and use the corresponding Cramer-Rao bound to evaluate the performance of the synchronization protocol. Overall, the proposed synchronization and calibration schemes are shown to achieve sufficient accuracy for satisfactory distributed MU-MIMO performance.
Learning for semantic parsing with statistical machine translation (2006)

We present a novel statistical approach to semantic parsing, WASP, for constructing a complete, formal meaning representation of a sentence. A semantic parser is learned given a set of sentences annotated with their correct meaning representations. The main innovation of WASP is its use of state-of-the-art statistical machine translation techniques. A word alignment model is used for lexical acquisition, and the parsing model itself can be seen as a syntax-based translation model. We show that WASP performs favorably in terms of both accuracy and coverage compared to existing learning methods requiring similar amount of supervision, and shows better robustness to variations in task complexity and word order.
Effects of probiotic supplementation on lipid profile of women with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Probiotics are live beneficial microorganisms which may exert hypolipidemic effects through many mechanisms. Lipid profile disturbances are frequently reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus casei on serum lipids of RA women. <b>Methods:</b> In the present parallel randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 RA patients were recruited and divided into 2 groups. They received either a daily capsule containing 10<sup>8</sup> CFU of L. casei 01, or identical capsules containing maltodextrin, for 8 weeks. Anthropometric parameters, dietary intake and physical activity were assessed at 2 ends of the study. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were measured. Independent-samples t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test, and paired t test were used to test between- and within-group differences, respectively. <b>Results:</b> There were no significant between- or within-group differences for demographic and anthropometric parameters, physical activity and dietary intakes, throughout the study. No statistically significant within-group changes were observed for serum lipids in either group; between-group differences were also insignificant by the end of study period (TC: -0.18 [-0.65, 0.29], P = 0.801, HDL-C: -1.66 [-19.28, 15.59], P = 0.663, LDL-C: -2.73 [-19.17, 13.73], P = 0.666, TG: 0.12 [-19.76, 20.00], P = 0.900). <b>Conclusion:</b> Lactobacillus casei 01 could not improve serum lipids in RA patients. Further studies using probiotic foods and different probiotic strains are suggested.
CT-Guided Intraarticular Corticosteroid Injection into the Sacroiliac Joints in Patients with Spondyloarthropathy: Indication and Follow-Up with Contrast-Enhanced MRI (1996)

CT-guided intraarticular corticosteroid instillation in the SIJs may be regarded as an effective therapy for florid sacroiliitis. The severity of inflammation and the response to therapy can be determined quantitatively by dynamic MRI.
Notch2 expression negatively correlates with glial differentiation in the postnatal mouse brain (1999)

Notch family molecules are thought to be negative regulators of neuronal differentiation in early brain development. After expression in the embryonic period, Notch2 continues to be expressed postnatally in the specific regions in the rodent brain. Here, we examined Notch2 expression in the postnatal mouse brain using lacZ knockin animals at the Notch2 locus. Notch2 expression was observed in the developing cerebellum and hippocampus, characteristic regions where neurogenesis persists after birth. Double staining of sections revealed that Notch2 was expressed by Bergmann glia in the cerebellum, radial glia in the hippocampus, and some astrocytes in both regions. Notch2 expression by glial cells was clearly confirmed in dissociated cell cultures. Interestingly, neocortical glia, many of which did not express Notch2 in vivo, did express Notch2 in a dissociated culture condition. The triple staining of dissociated cell cultures revealed that stronger Notch2 expression correlated with the immature type of glial gene expressions: stronger vimentin and weaker glial fibrillary acidic protein expressions. In addition, Notch2 expression correlated with the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, these findings demonstrate that Notch2 is expressed not only by neuronal cells in the embryonic brain, but also by glial cells in the postnatal brain, and that its expression negatively correlates with glial differentiation, proposing its novel function as a negative regulator of glial differentiation in mammalian brain development. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 41: 524–539, 1999
Parallel image processing on a transputer-based system (2002)

The problem addressed is how to use transputer networks for image processing. As is well known, SIMD (single instruction/multiple data) or MIMD (multiple instruction/multiple data) architectures are very useful in parallel computing. The authors describe how to use transputers as a SIMD or MIMD machine to implement parallel image processing. Several image-processing algorithms, including Laplacian of Gaussian, edge detection, region labeling, generalized Hough transform, and thinning, have been tested. The authors maintain that transputer-based systems are suitable for real-time image processing. It is also pointed out that, compared with the other parallel machines, transputer systems can provide high performance and more flexibility with relatively low cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Slack budgeting and slack to length converting for multi-bit flip-flop merging (2013)

In this paper we propose a flexible slack budgeting approach for post-placement multi-bit flip-flop (MBFF) merging. Our approach considers existing wiring topology and flip-flop delay changes for achieving more accurate slack budgeting. Besides, we propose a slack-to-length converting approach to translating timing slack into equivalent wire length for simplifying a merging process. We also develop a merging method to evaluate our slack budgeting approach. Our slack budgeting and MBFF merging programs are fully integrated into an industrial design flow. Experimental results show that our approach on average achieves 3.4% area saving, 50% clock tree power saving, and 5.3% total power saving.