gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of single doses of ketanserin and propranolol alone and in combination in healthy volunteers. (1986)

The potential interaction between ketanserin and propranolol has been investigated in eight healthy volunteers. Volunteers received single doses of placebo, propranolol (80 mg), ketanserin (20 mg), and propranolol (80 mg) plus ketanserin (20 mg) following a randomised double-blind regimen. A single dose of ketanserin had little effect on resting heart rate and blood pressure and the effects of propranolol and ketanserin in combination were similar to those of propranolol alone. The inhibition of exercise induced tachycardia by propranolol was not affected by ketanserin. The pharmacokinetics of propranolol elimination were not influenced by the concurrent administration of ketanserin, nor the pharmacokinetics of ketanserin by propranolol.
Cap-dependent translation and control of the cell cycle. (2003)

The control of gene expression at the translational level has emerged in the past decade as an important aspect of cell growth, proliferation and malignant transformation. Translation is primarily regulated at the initiation step, and mitogen-dependent signaling pathways converge to modulate the activity of translation initiation factors. In most tumors tested, at least one translation initiation factor is overexpressed and overexpression of translation initiation factors often provokes transformation. Malignant transformation could be caused by the increased translation of a subset of mRNAs encoding important proteins which are required for cell growth and proliferation. These mRNAs usually possess regulatory sequences that render their translation more sensitive to changes in the activity of translation initiation factors. In this chapter, we describe recent advances illustrating the importance of translation in cell cycle progression and cell transformation. Control of translation initiation may represent an excellent target for antitumor drugs.
Inside Case-Based Reasoning (2013)

Introducing issues in dynamic memory and case-based reasoning, this comprehensive volume presents extended descriptions of four major programming efforts conducted at Yale during the past several years. Each descriptive chapter is followed by a companion chapter containing the micro program version of the information. The authors emphasize that the only true way to learn and understand any AI program is to program it yourself. To this end, the book develops a deeper and richer understanding of the content through LISP programming instructions that allow the running, modification, and extension of the micro programs developed by the authors.
Planning optimal grasps (2003)

The authors address the problem of planning optimal grasps. Two general optimality criteria that consider the total finger force and the maximum finger force are introduced and discussed. Their formalization using various metrics on a space of generalized forces is detailed. The geometric interpretation of the two criteria leads to an efficient planning algorithm. An example of its use in a robotic environment equipped with two-jaw and three-jaw is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular genetics of Alzheimer's disease: An update (2008)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Molecular genetic research has provided a wealth of information regarding the genetic etiology of this devastating disease. Identification and functional characterization of autosomal dominant mutations in the amyloid precursor protein gene (APP) and the presenilin genes 1 and 2 (PSEN1 and PSEN2) have contributed substantially to our understanding of the biological mechanisms leading towards CNS neurodegeneration in AD. Nonetheless, a large part of the genetic etiology remains unresolved, especially that of more common, sporadic forms of AD. While substantial efforts were invested in the identification of genetic risk factors underlying sporadic AD, using carefully designed genetic association studies in large patient-control groups, the only firmly established risk factor remains the epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE). Nevertheless, one can expect that with the current availability of high-throughput genotyping platforms and dense maps of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), large-scale genetic studies will eventually generate additional knowledge about the genetic risk profile for AD. This review provides an overview of the current understanding in the field of AD genetics, covering both the rare monogenic forms as well as recent developments in the search for novel AD susceptibility genes.
In vitro studies of megakaryocytopoiesis in thrombocytotic disorders of man (1983)

Increased numbers of bone marrow megakaryocytes and thrombocytosis are frequently observed in patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). Increased marrow megakaryocytes and thrombocytosis are also noted in a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic disease leading to the phenomenon of reactive thrombocytosis (RT). The pathogenesis of this finding remains incompletely understood. Using methodology developed in our laboratory, we investigated the causative role of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity (Meg-CSA) in generating this phenomenon. We also examined the cloning efficiency of colony-forming units-megakaryocyte (CFU-M) and their responsiveness to an exogenous source of Meg-CSA in patients with these diseases. The results of our investigations suggest that: (1) increased production of Meg-CSA is not responsible for the megakaryocyte hyperplasia and thrombocytosis noted in these patients; (2) the intrinsic stem cell defect described in MPD appears to affect the CFU-M of these patients as well, resulting in an effective expansion of the CFU-M pool with consequent megakaryocyte hyperplasia and thrombocytosis; (3) the CFU-M of patients with MPD remain responsive to an exogenous source of Meg-CSA, suggesting that this megakaryocyte hyperplasia may not be entirely autonomous of its effects; and (4) the CFU-M pool in RT is normal both in size and responsiveness to Meg-CSA, suggesting that in these disorders, the stimulus leading to megakaryocyte hyperplasia and thrombocytosis is active at the post-CFU-M level of megakaryocyte differentiation.
PRO‐GRADE: GIS Toolkits for Ground Water Recharge and Discharge Estimation (2008)

PRO-GRADE is an ESRI ArcGIS 9.2 plug-in package that consists of two separate toolkits: (1) the pattern recognition organizer for geographic information system (PRO-GIS) and (2) the ground water recharge and discharge estimator for GIS (GRADE-GIS). PRO-GIS is a collection of several existing image-processing algorithms into one user interface to offer the flexibility to extract spatial patterns according to the user's needs. GRADE-GIS is a ground water recharge and discharge estimation interface using a mass balance method that requires only hydraulic conductivity, water table, and bedrock elevation data for simulating two-dimensional steady-state unconfined aquifers. PRO-GRADE was developed to assist ongoing assessments of the water resources in Illinois and Wisconsin, and is being used to assist several ground water resource studies in several locations in the United States. The advantage of using PRO-GRADE is to enable fast production of initial recharge and discharge maps that can be further enhanced by using a follow-up ground water flow model with parameter estimation codes. PRO-GRADE leverages ArcGIS to provide a computer-assisted framework to support expert judgment in order to efficiently select alternative recharge and discharge maps that can be used as (1) guidelines for field study planning and decision making; (2) initial conditions for numerical simulation; and (3) screening for alternative model selection and prediction/parameter uncertainty evaluation. In addition, PRO-GRADE allows for more easy and rapid correlation of those maps with other hydrologically relevant geospatial data.
Multi-channel multi-carrier generation using multi-wavelength frequency shifting recirculating loop (2012)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel scheme to generate optical frequency-locked multi-channel multi-carriers (MCMC), using a recirculating frequency shifter (RFS) loop based on multi-wavelength frequency shifting single side band (MWFS-SSB) modulation. In this scheme, optical subcarriers with multiple wavelengths can be generated each round. Furthermore, the generated MCMC are frequency- and phase-locked within each channel, and therefore can be effectively used for WDM superchannel. Dual-wavelength frequency shifting SSB modulation is carried out with dual-wavelength optical seed source in our experimental demonstration. Using this scheme, we successfully generate dual-channel multi-carriers, and one channel has 28 subcarriers while the other has 29 ones with 25-GHz subcarrier spacing. We also experimentally demonstrate that this kind of source can be used to carry 50-Gb/s optical polarization-division-multiplexing quadrature phase shift keying (PDM-QPSK) signal.
Clickthrough-based translation models for web search (2010)

Web search is challenging partly due to the fact that search queries and Web documents use different language styles and vocabularies. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the language discrepancy issue, and explores the use of clickthrough data to bridge documents and queries. We assume that a query is parallel to the titles of documents clicked on for that query. Two translation models are trained and integrated into retrieval models: A word-based translation model that learns the translation probability between single words, and a phrase-based translation model that learns the translation probability between multi-term phrases. Experiments are carried out on a real world data set. The results show that the retrieval systems that use the translation models outperform significantly the systems that do not. The paper also demonstrates that standard statistical machine translation techniques such as word alignment, bilingual phrase extraction, and phrase-based decoding, can be adapted for building a better Web document retrieval system.
Always-On CMOS Image Sensor for Mobile and Wearable Devices (2015)

This paper presents a low-power always-on image sensor for mobile and wearable device applications. The sensor continuously captures images for smart sensing, such as face detection, eye tracking, and gesture recognition, and it provides high-resolution images for capturing pictures with a unified sensor. The sensor employs a switchable dual mode: always-on (AO) mode with low power consumption and photo-shooting (PS) mode with high signal-to-noise ratio. For dual-mode operation with high energy efficiency, we implemented dynamic voltage scaling that provides 0.9 V analog-digital supply voltage for the AO mode and 3.3 V analog-1.8 V digital supply voltage for the PS mode. For low-voltage operation in the AO mode, a conventional four-transistor pixel operates as a charge-shared pixel. In order to suppress power consumption and frequency in conventional single-slope analog-to-digital converters (ADC), two neighboring column-parallel ADCs are reconfigured to one successive-approximation ADC for low-voltage and low-frequency operation in the AO mode with negligible area overhead. The fabricated 640 × 480 pixel prototype sensor operates at 45.5 μW (at 15 fps, 320 × 240) in the AO mode, which significantly extends battery life when performing always-on sensing.
Characteristics of a Monodisperse PHS-Based Positive Resist (MDPR) in KrF Excimer Laser Lithography (1992)

A new chemically amplified monodisperse PHS-based positive resist (MDPR) has been developed for KrF excimer laser lithography. MDPR is an alkali-developable single-layer resist, composed of partially tBOC-protected PHS, a dissolution inhibitor and a photoacid generator. We used nearly monodisperse PHS synthesized by living polymerization and obtained fine patterning. The MDPR has a high contrast value γ of 4, which results in excellent resolution: the MDPR can easily generate l & s patterns down to 0.25 µm in width at 90 mJ/cm 2 . A higher sensitivity of 45 mJ/cm 2 and a contrast value γ of 12 were achieved with a blended MDPR.
A Novel Broadband Metamaterial Resonator with Negative Permittivity (2010)

It is well known that the properties of a metamaterial are usually determined from the geometrical structure and material parameters rather than composition. One of the problems of resonant types of metamaterials is that they usually have narrow operating bandwidth. In this paper, a novel metamaterial resonator with desired broadband negative permittivity was proposed. Metamaterials has led to considerable interests in the electromagnetism area in the flrst decade of 21st century. This is due to some of its unique electromagnetic features that may provide solutions for solving current technological limitations. Volumetric epsilon-negative (ENG) metamaterials (1), metamaterials with negative permittivity and positive permeability, generally consist of anisotropic resonant particles. The ENG particles have to be planar such as that reported in (2). Based on the resonant behavior of the particles, there is only a narrow frequency band in which the efiective permittivity of the medium is negative. Compared to the non-resonant structures of metamaterials such as LH planar transmission lines, the frequency band of resonant types of metamaterials is much narrower. This is a limitation in applications of ENG metamaterials. 2. PLANAR BROADBAND RESONATORS FOR ENG METAMATERIALS This paper deals with the evolution of an electric-fleld-coupled resonator for constructing ENG metamaterials and presents a new planar broadband resonator with negative permittivity. Fig- ure 1(a) presents the geometric design of the planar broadband resonator. Figure 1(b) shows sample of a metamaterial built by a single layer of planar broadband resonators. This unit cell resonator is composed of three difierent metal rings on top of a dielectric substrate. These rings are copper strips with 0.25-millimeter width and the outside radiuses are 0.5-millimeter, 1.0-millimeter and 1.5-millimeter respectively. The substrate is FR4 with 0.203-millimeter thick- ness. The resonator presented here exhibits a strong negative permittivity response at a wide band.
Effective CpG Immunotherapy of Breast Carcinoma Prevents but Fails to Eradicate Established Brain Metastasis (2008)

The lack of survival benefit in mice with appreciable brain metastasis was not explained by a deficit in lymphocyte trafficking or function because CTLs from these mice killed tumor and inhibited microscopic brain metastasis by adoptive transfer. These results indicate that CpG ODN might be beneficial as a preventative adjuvant to initial therapy preceding brain metastasis or to inhibit progression of microscopic brain metastases.
Continuous Distribution Approximation and Thresholds Optimization in Serial Multi-Modal Biometric Systems (2016)

Multi-modal biometric verification systems use information from several biometric modalities to verify an identity of a person. The false acceptance rate (FAR)and false rejection rate (FRR) are metrics generally used to measure the performance of such systems.In this paper, we first approximate the score distributions of both genuine users and impostors by continuous distributions. Then we incorporate the exact expressions of the distributions in the formulas for the expected values of both FAR and FRR for each matcher. In order to determine the upper and lower acceptance thresholds in the sequential multi-modal biometric matching, we further minimize the expected values of FAR and FRR for the entire processing chain. We propose a non-linear bi-objective programming problem whose objective functions are the two error probabilities. We analyze the efficient set of the bi-objective problem, and derive an efficient solution as a best compromise between the error probabilities. Replacing the least squares approximation of the score distributions by a continuous distributionapproximation, this approach modifies the method presented in Stanojević et al. [15] (doi: 10.1109/ICCCC.2016.7496752) (a).The results of our experiments showed a good performance of the sequential multiple biometric matching system based on continuous distribution approximation and optimized thresholds.(a)Reprinted (partial) and extended, with permission based on License Number3938230385072 © [2016] IEEE, from "Computers Communications and Control (ICCCC), 2016 6th International Conference on".
Growth and Oxidation of Thin Film Al[sub 2]Cu (2001)

Al{sub 2}Cu thin films ({approx} 382 nm) are fabricated by melting and resolidifying Al/Cu bilayers in the presence of a {micro} 3 nm Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} passivating layer. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) measures a 1.0 eV shift of the Cu2p{sub 3/2} peak and a 1.6 eV shift of the valence band relative to metallic Cu upon Al{sub 2}Cu formation. Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) and Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) show that the Al{sub 2}Cu film is composed of 30-70 {micro}m wide and 10-25 mm long cellular grains with (110) orientation. The atomic composition of the film as estimated by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) is 67 {+-} 2% Al and 33 {+-} 2% Cu. XPS scans of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}Cu taken before and after air exposure indicate that the upper Al{sub 2}Cu layers undergo further oxidation to Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} even in the presence of {approx} 5 nm Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The majority of Cu produced from oxidation is believed to migrate below the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} layers, based upon the lack of evidence for metallic Cu in the XPS scans. In contrast to Al/Cu passivated with Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, melting/resolidifying the Al/Cu bilayer without Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} results in phase-segregated dendritic film growth.
"Electrospinning of Micro- and Nanofibers:Fundamentals in Separation and Filtration Processes" (2008)

Electrospinning has been a subject of intense researchduring the last fifteen years. There have been severalexcellent monographs on this subject and numerousreview articles. There also have been keen interest incommercialization of this technology, in part spurredby Donaldson’s success in Ultra-Web® nanofiberproducts. However, it was not generally known thatthe former Soviet Union has quietly been conductingresearch on electrospinning and has made productsfor military and civil purposes. With the break-up offormer Soviet Union, we came to know the extent oftheir research.The book “Electrospinning of Micro- andNanofibers; Fundamentals and Applications inSeparation and Filtration Processes” by Y. Filatov, A.Budyka, and V. Kirichenko is devoted not only to thescientific aspects of electrospinning but to productionof materials and their uses in practical terms. Thebook reflects scientific methodology developed atKarpov Institute of Physical Chemistry and includesresults of more than 70 years of studies and learnedexpertise in electrospinning materials comprisingmicro- and nanofibers. Our hats are also off to Dr.Dmitry Luzhansky of Donaldson, who devotedconsiderable effort in translating the Russian text andediting the English language version of this milestonepublication.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Oxidations. 11.Para-selective chlorination and bromination of phenols with tert-butyl hydroperoxide and TiX(OiPr)3 (1999)

Mononuclear phenols 1–4 are chlorinated or brominated with high para-selectivity and in good yields to the halides 5–11 with the TiXn(OiPr)m/TBHP system (X = Cl or Br
Numerical study of boundary conditions for solute transport through a porous medium (2001)

Abstract A transition region may be defined as a region of rapid change in medium properties about the interface between two porous media or at the interface between a porous medium and a reservoir. Modelling the transition region between different porous media can assist in the selection of the most appropriate boundary conditions for the standard advection–dispersion equation (ADE). An advantage of modelling the transition region is that it removes the need for explicitly defining boundary conditions, though boundary conditions may be recovered as limiting cases. As the width of a transition region is reduced, the solution of the transition region model (TR model) becomes equivalent to the solution of the standard ADE model with correct boundary conditions. In this paper numerical simulations using the TR model are employed to select the most appropriate boundary conditions for the standard ADE under a variety of configurations and conditions. It is shown that at the inlet boundary between a reservoir and porous medium, continuity of solute mass flux should be used as the boundary condition. At the boundary interface between two porous media both continuity of solute concentration and solute mass flux should be used. Finally, in a finite porous medium where the solute is allowed to advect freely from the exit point, both continuity of solute concentration and solute mass flux should be used as the outlet boundary condition. The findings made here are discussed with reference to a detailed review of previous relevant theoretical and experimental observations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VIDE: a visual VHDL integrated design environment (2002)

In this paper, a high-level design system called VIDE (Visual VHDL Integrated Design Environment) is presented. In VIDE, there are several graphical and textual mixed design entry tools (VDES=Visual Design Entry System) and a graphical object-oriented debugger (VDBG=Visual DeBuGger). VDES consists of several diagram editors and a visual text editor, while VDBG is a debugging environment based on a hierarchical VHDL simulator. The graphical objects can be specified as a debugging target.
Vγ9Vδ2 T Lymphocytes Efficiently Recognize and Kill Zoledronate-Sensitized, Imatinib-Sensitive, and Imatinib-Resistant Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells (2010)

Imatinib mesylate (imatinib), a competitive inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, is highly effective against chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. However, because 20-30% of patients affected by CML display either primary or secondary resistance to imatinib, intentional activation of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells by phosphoantigens or by agents that cause their accumulation within cells, such as zoledronate, may represent a promising strategy for the design of a novel and highly innovative immunotherapy capable to overcome imatinib resistance. In this study, we show that Vgamma9Vdelta2 T lymphocytes recognize, trogocytose, and efficiently kill imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML cell lines pretreated with zoledronate. Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell cytotoxicity was largely dependent on the granule exocytosis- and partly on TRAIL-mediated pathways, was TCR-mediated, and required isoprenoid biosynthesis by zoledronate-treated CML cells. Importantly, Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells from patients with CML can be induced by zoledronate to develop antitumor activity against autologous and allogeneic zoledronate-treated leukemia cells, both in vitro and when transferred into immunodeficient mice in vivo. We conclude that intentional activation of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells by zoledronate may substantially increase their antileukemia activities and represent a novel strategy for CML immunotherapy.