gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oligosaccharide structures of isolated human colonic mucin species. (1985)

Purified human colonic mucin contains six distinct components which may be separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Past studies defined the structure of oligosaccharide side chains from the most abundant species 111, IV, and V which elute at intermediate salt concentrations. In these studies the structures of oligosaccharide side chains liberated from the remaining early and late eluting species I, 11, and VI were determined after isolation by sequential conventional and high performance liquid chromatography through combination of gas chromatography, methylation analysis, and sequential glycosidase digestion.
LP‐3: <i>Late‐News Poster:</i> Photoalignment Materials Based on ω‐(4 ‐Chalconyloxy) Alkyl Groups Providing TN Alignment with Pretilt Angle by One‐Step Exposure of Polarized Near‐UV Light (1999)

Abstract New photo LC alignment materials based on poly (ω ‐(4‐chalconyloxy) alkoxyphenyl maleimide) were synthesized and evaluated. On the films of these materials, LC alignment was regulated parallel to the polarization plane of the exposed LPUV at a large dose, and thus generated pretilt angle among 1–5° by one‐step slantwise LPUV exposure. TN cells were fabricated using these materials.
Activation of pp70/85 S6 Kinases in Interleukin-2-Responsive Lymphoid Cells Is Mediated by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Inhibited by Cyclic AMP (1995)

Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and activation of the 70/85-kDa S6 protein kinases (alpha II and alpha I isoforms, referred to collectively as pp70S6k) have been independently linked to the regulation of cell proliferation. We demonstrate that these kinases lie on the same signalling pathway and that PI3K mediates the activation of pp70 by the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2). We also show that the activation of pp70S6k can be blocked at different points along the signalling pathway by using specific inhibitors of T-cell proliferation. Inhibition of PI3K activity with structurally unrelated but highly specific PI3K inhibitors (wortmannin or LY294002) results in inhibition of IL-2-dependent but not phorbol ester (conventional protein kinase C [cPKC])-dependent pp70S6k activation. The T-cell immunosuppressant rapamycin potently antagonizes IL-2-(PI3K)- and phorbol ester (cPKC)-mediated activation of pp70S6k. Thus, wortmannin and rapamycin antagonize IL-2-mediated activation of pp70S6k at distinct points along the PI3K-regulated signalling pathway, or rapamycin antagonizes another pathway required for pp70S6k activity. Agents that raise the concentration of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) and activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) also inhibit IL-2-dependent activation of pp70S6k. In this case, inhibition appears to occur at least two points in this signalling path. Like rapamycin, PKA appears to act downstream of cPKC-mediated pp70S6k activation, and like wortmannin, PKA antagonizes IL-2-dependent activation of PI3K. The results with rapamycin and wortmannin are of added interest since the yeast and mammalian rapamycin targets resemble PI3K in the catalytic domain.
Visual Instance Retrieval with Deep Convolutional Networks (2019)

This paper provides an extensive study on the availability of image representations based on convolutional networks (ConvNets) for the task of visual instance retrieval. Besides the choice of convo ...
Uniform single-layer graphene growth on recyclable tungsten foils (2015)

To meet the rising demand of graphene in electronics and optoelectronics, developing an efficient synthesis strategy for effective control of the layer thickness is highly necessary. Herein, we report the synthesis of strictly single-layer graphene on the foil of an early transition metal, tungsten (W), via a simple chemical vapor deposition route. The cracking of hydrocarbons is facilitated by the catalytically active metal surface of W, while the subsequent two-dimensional growth is mediated by the carbide-forming ability within the underlying bulk, leading to the formation of uniform monolayer graphene. The as-grown graphene layers can be transferred onto target substrates rapidly through the recently developed electrochemical method, which also allows for reuse of the substrates at least five times without introducing quality deterioration. Moreover, considering the refractory nature of W foils, a complementary component of nickel is added, by means of which the growth temperature of graphene can be significantly reduced. In brief, a highly-efficient and low-cost synthesis route has been developed for the growth of graphene towards large-area uniformity, single-layer thickness and high crystalline quality.
Online NMR and HPLC as a Reaction Monitoring Platform for Pharmaceutical Process Development (2013)

Detector response is not always equivalent between detectors or instrument types. Factors that impact detector response include molecular structure and detection wavelength. In liquid chromatography (LC), ultraviolet (UV) is often the primary detector; however, without determination of UV response factors for each analyte, chromatographic results are reported on an area percent rather than a weight percent. In extreme cases, response factors can differ by several orders of magnitude for structurally dissimilar compounds, making the uncalibrated data useless for quantitative applications. While impurity reference standards are normally used to calculate UV relative response factors (RRFs), reference standards of reaction mixture components are typically not available during route scouting or in the early stages of process development. Here, we describe an approach to establish RRFs from a single experiment using both online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and LC. NMR is used as a mass detector from which a UV response factor can be determined to correct the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data. Online reaction monitoring using simultaneous NMR and HPLC provides a platform to expedite the development and understanding of pharmaceutical reaction processes. Ultimately, the knowledge provided by a structurally information rich technique such as NMR can be correlated with more prevalent and mobile instrumentation [e.g., LC, mid-infrared spectrometers (MIR)] for additional routine process understanding and optimization.
Invasion and Killing of Human Endothelial Cells by Viridans Group Streptococci (2003)

Colonization of the cardiovascular endothelium by viridans group streptococci can result in infective endocarditis and possibly atherosclerosis; however, the mechanisms of pathogenesis are poorly understood. We investigated the ability of selected oral streptococci to infect monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in 50% human plasma and to produce cytotoxicity. Planktonic Streptococcus gordonii CH1 killed HUVEC over a 5-h period by peroxidogenesis (alpha-hemolysin) and by acidogenesis but not by production of protein exotoxins. HUVEC were protected fully by addition of supplemental buffers and bovine liver catalase to the culture medium. Streptococci were also found to invade HUVEC by an endocytic mechanism that was dependent on polymerization of actin microfilaments and on a functional cytoskeleton, as indicated by inhibition with cytochalasin D and nocodazole. Electron microscopy revealed streptococci attached to HUVEC surfaces via numerous fibrillar structures and bacteria in membrane-encased cytoplasmic vacuoles. Following invasion by S. gordonii CH1, HUVEC monolayers showed 63% cell lysis over 4 h, releasing 64% of the total intracellular bacteria into the culture medium; however, the bacteria did not multiply during this time. The ability to invade HUVEC was exhibited by selected strains of S. gordonii, S. sanguis, S. mutans, S. mitis, and S. oralis but only weakly by S. salivarius. Comparison of isogenic pairs of S. gordonii revealed a requirement for several surface proteins for maximum host cell invasion: glucosyltransferase, the sialic acid-binding protein Hsa, and the hydrophobicity/coaggregation proteins CshA and CshB. Deletion of genes for the antigen I/II adhesins, SspA and SspB, did not affect invasion. We hypothesize that peroxidogenesis and invasion of the cardiovascular endothelium by viridans group streptococci are integral events in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis and atherosclerosis.
Highly Catalytic Single-Crystal Dendritic Pt Nanostructures Supported on Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

Herein we describe a one-step method for the preparation of single-crystal, dendritic Pt nanoparticles with no need of organic solvents, templates, or seeded growth. It is shown that Pt nanoparticles with two different shapes—spherical or dendritic—can be efficiently supported onto the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes. Notably, the supported dendritic Pt nanostructrures yield unprecedented catalytic activity, evidenced through the lowest activation energy within an electron-transfer reaction as compared with those reported in the literature for Pt nanostructures.
Public Key Infrastructure for Named Data Networks (2020)

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a proposed Internet architecture which changes the basic model of network communication. Instead of host-centric (IP based) addressing of the present day Internet architecture, NDN is primarily a data-centric design. The main design principle of NDN is securing the data rather than securing the communication channel. In this paper we show some limitations of NDN's Trust based security framework and propose anew public key management scheme. Our design is motivated by the concept of Google's Certificate Transparency. By using a Merkle Patricia Trie to store certificates, we are not only able to perform efficient verification of certificates, but also ensure that certificates are not tampered with. We believe this will prevent dangerous frauds on certificate authorities that have taken place in the recent past.
Sexual Factors and the Risk of Prostate Cancer (2001)

A population-based case-control study of prostate cancer was performed in King County, Washington, in White men and Black men aged 40-64 years, between 1993 and 1996. Incident prostate cancer cases (n = 753) were identified from the Seattle-Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry. Controls (n = 703) were identified through random digit dialing and were frequency matched to cases on age. Sexual behavior, medical history, and other potential prostate cancer risk factors were ascertained through an in-person interview. There was no relation between sexual orientation and prostate cancer, although the number of men who had sex with men was small. Risk estimates increased directly with the lifetime number of female sexual partners (trend p < 0.001) but not with male partners (trend p = 0.62). Risk also increased with decreasing age at first intercourse, but this effect disappeared after adjusting for the number of female partners. Prior infection with gonorrhea was positively associated with risk (odds ratio = 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 2.2), but no effect was seen among men with other sexually transmitted diseases. No relation between lifetime frequency of sexual intercourse and risk of prostate cancer was apparent. These findings are consistent with previous studies that support an infectious etiology for prostate cancer.
IMPACT OF MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING ON THE OSMODEHYDRATED PAPAYA STABILITY (2006)

Papaya pieces were osmotically dehydrated in a 50°Brix sucrose solution containing calcium lactate (0.05 M) and lactic acid (0.02 M) as additives for 1 h at 25C, packed in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers and stored at 5C for 15 days. Fresh fruit pieces packed in PET containers and under atmosphere condition were used as control samples. Sensory acceptance, microbiological count, CO2 and O2 content inside the packages, color, mechanical properties and weight loss of the product were evaluated. PET containers prevented weight loss during storage. The utilization of calcium lactate as additive was effective in maintaining fruit hardness during refrigerated storage. The use of passive modified atmosphere associated with refrigeration was adequate to preserve the osmotically dehydrated fruit for 15 days, showing a good sensory acceptance by the consumers during the storage time.
Laser doping using phosphorus-doped silicon nitrides (2011)

Phosphorus-doped silicon nitride (SiN(P)) layers have been investigated as dopant sources for laser-induced diffusion. Their optical properties were measured and revealed that reflectivity and refractive index were weakly affected by adding phosphorus (P) and that SiN(P) layers could consequently be used as anti-reflection coatings. These layers were also found to offer efficient surface passivation regardless of the introduced P quantity. Laser doping (LD) and thermal annealing (TA) were then carried out and showed that a wide doping range can be obtained from SiN(P) layers using both driving-in methods. Selective emitter solar cells were then processed using TA to realize the thin emitter and LD to pattern the heavily-doped areas to be metalized. Though cells results need to be further improved, SiN(P) layers appear to be extremely promising as dopant sources for low-thermal budget selective emitter solar cells processing.
Process Migration for Heterogeneous Distributed Systems (1995)

Endolaser mid-face lift was performed on patients in a multi-center study over a 36-month period (Feb. 1998 to Feb. 2001). It permits significant facial rejuvenation through small incisions. This technique achieves aesthetic results and wider rejuvenation while being less traumatic and creating minimal morbidity. Combined with other procedures, it rejuvenates the face by three strategic methods: soft tissue suspension, reversal of photo aging, and correction of the depletion of volume. To achieve this triple result, the mid-face lift is performed by endoscopic approach, and in every case is combined with the endoscopic lift of the frontal area. Laser resurfacing was used to reverse skin photo damage. The Ultrapulse CO2 laser and/or the Ultrafine Erbium YAG(Coherent, Inc, Palo Alto, CA) were used. The third combined procedure was the introduction of fat graft to compensate the atrophy/ptosis of fat and the depletion of bone mass (other filling materials besides fat may be used, depending on the preference of the surgeon). Our method of fixation using the Casagrande Needle (an evolution of Reverdin Needle) makes the mechanical purchase on the tissues to be suspended much easier, permitting the intra-oral and/or infra-orbital incisions to be eliminated. The present study of the technical evolution of the endolaser mid-face lift method allows us to conclude that a very satisfactory outcome has been reached, offering patients a minimally invasive procedure, which can be performed under local anesthesia, with low morbidity, imperceptible incisions, and an excellent long-term result.
Clonal analysis of the atopic immune response to the group 2 allergen of <i>Dermatophagoides</i> spp.: identification of HLA-DR and -DQ restricted T cell epitopes (1993)

The group 2 allergens of Dermatophagoides spp. (house dust mite, HDM) are a major immunological target for IgE antibodies in the allergic immune response of HDM atopic individuals. In this report the heterogeneity of the T cell repertoire reactive with the group 2 allergen of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 2) of a HDM allergic individual was investigated using overlapping synthetic peptides. By clonal analysis four distinct T cell epitopes were identified, located within residues 16-31, 22-40, 82-100, and 111-129. The importance of these epitopes was confirmed by investigation of the peripheral T cell repertoire, with the polyclonal T cell response to Der p 2 failing to show marked variations in epitope specificity over time. Serological inhibition studies and the use of Epstein-Barr virus transformed B cell lines characterized for their expression of HLA-D region gene products demonstrated that recognition of peptides 16-31 and 111-129 was restricted by HLA-DQ (DQB1*0301), whereas peptide 82-100 is recognized in association with HLA-DR (DRB1*1101). Peptide 22-40 was presented by both HLA-DRB1*1101 and -DQB1*0301 class II molecules. The potential application of these findings lies in the design of peptide-based immunotherapeutics for the management of HDM allergic disease.
Geometric Generative Gaze Estimation (G<sup>3</sup>E) for Remote RGB-D Cameras (2014)

We propose a head pose invariant gaze estimation model for distant RGB-D cameras. It relies on a geometric understanding of the 3D gaze action and generation of eye images. By introducing a semantic segmentation of the eye region within a generative process, the model (i) avoids the critical feature tracking of geometrical approaches requiring high resolution images, (ii) decouples the person dependent geometry from the ambient conditions, allowing adaptation to different conditions without retraining. Priors in the generative framework are adequate for training from few samples. In addition, the model is capable of gaze extrapolation allowing for less restrictive training schemes. Comparisons with state of the art methods validate these properties which make our method highly valuable for addressing many diverse tasks in sociology, HRI and HCI.
A novel pair-wise comparison based analytical framework for automatic measurement of intensity of motion activity of video segments (2001)

We present a novel pair-wise comparison based psychovisual and analytical framework for automatic measurement of motion activity in video sequences. In [1] we constructed a test-set of video segments and a ground truth, based on subjective tests with naive subjects. We presented automatically extractable descriptors of motion activity computed from MPEG block motion vectors, based on different hypotheses about subjective perception of motion activity. We tested the average error performance of the descriptors. In this paper we test the performance of the descriptors against the ground truth using pair-wise comparison of video segments. We show that all the descriptors perform well and that the MPEG-7 motion activity descriptor, based on variance of motion vector magnitudes, is one of the best in performance. We determine the common limitations of the proposed lowlevel motion activity descriptors. We find that some of the proposed descriptors are significantly less susceptible to the aforementioned limitations.
Pathway analysis of coronary atherosclerosis (2005)

Large-scale gene expression studies provide significant insight into genes differentially regulated in disease processes such as cancer. However, these investigations offer limited understanding of multisystem, multicellular diseases such as atherosclerosis. A systems biology approach that accounts for gene interactions, incorporates nontranscriptionally regulated genes, and integrates prior knowledge offers many advantages. We performed a comprehensive gene level assessment of coronary atherosclerosis using 51 coronary artery segments isolated from the explanted hearts of 22 cardiac transplant patients. After histological grading of vascular segments according to American Heart Association guidelines, isolated RNA was hybridized onto a customized 22-K oligonucleotide microarray, and significance analysis of microarrays and gene ontology analyses were performed to identify significant gene expression profiles. Our studies revealed that loss of differentiated smooth muscle cell gene expression is the primary expression signature of disease progression in atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we provide insight into the severe form of coronary artery disease associated with diabetes, reporting an overabundance of immune and inflammatory signals in diabetics. We present a novel approach to pathway development based on connectivity, determined by language parsing of the published literature, and ranking, determined by the significance of differentially regulated genes in the network. In doing this, we identify highly connected "nexus" genes that are attractive candidates for therapeutic targeting and followup studies. Our use of pathway techniques to study atherosclerosis as an integrated network of gene interactions expands on traditional microarray analysis methods and emphasizes the significant advantages of a systems-based approach to analyzing complex disease.
Economical Fault-Tolerant Networks (2000)

A software solution to achieve fault tolerancecapitalizing on redundant replication of data and elimination of any single point of failure and with transparent switchover.
Targeting Prostaglandin E EP Receptors to Inhibit Metastasis (2006)

It is well established that high cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression contributes to the aggressive behavior of breast and other malignancies. Due to concerns regarding the safety of long-term use of COX-2 inhibitors as well as a desire to seek more effective alternatives to prevent and treat metastatic disease, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of downstream signaling by the COX-2 product prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) would be as effective as inhibiting global prostaglandin synthesis. PGE(2) acts through four G-protein-coupled receptors designated EP1-4. Here, we summarize data from many laboratories regarding the role of individual E-series of prostaglandin (EP) receptors on cancer behavior and we discuss our own recent findings that antagonists of the PGE receptor subtype 4, EP4, inhibit experimental metastasis in a murine model of hormone-resistant, metastatic breast cancer. These initial results indicate that selective targeting of individual EP receptors should be investigated as an approach to exploit the high COX-2 activity in many epithelial malignancies.
<i>Olea europaea</i> Linn (Oleaceae) Fruit Pulp Extract Exhibits Potent Antioxidant Activity and Attenuates Neuroinflammatory Responses in Lipopolysaccharide- Stimulated Microglial Cells (2013)

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory potentials of Olea europaea Linn. fruit pulp (OFP-EA) extract in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells.Methods: Cell viabilities were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate BV-2 microglia. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured using Griess assay. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-á) production were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis.Results: OFP-EA extract significantly (p<0.001 at 20-200 ìg/ml, respectively) scavenged the free radicals in a dose-dependent fashion. The increased levels of No stimulated by LPS (34±2.41) were also inhibited by OFP-EA extract significantly and concentration dependently (27±2.32, 21±2.54, 17±1.92 and 11±1.94 at 10, 20, 40 and 80 ìg/ml, respectively). Further, OFP-EA suppressed the elevated levels iNOS expression and TNF-á production (p<0.001 at 20, 40 and 80 ìg/ml) in LPSstimulated BV-2 cells.Conclusion: Results indicate that OFP-EA extract exhibited strong antioxidant properties and inhibited the excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS and TNF-á in LPSstimulatedBV-2 cells. The antioxidant activity exhibited by OFP-EA extract might play a critical role in ameliorating the inflammatory processes in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells.Key words: Olive fruit pulp, antioxidant, neuroinflammation, microglia, TNF-á, iNOS.