gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation response of multicell spheroids--an in vitro tumour model. (1976)

Multicell spheroids provide an in vitro tumour model of intermediate complexity between tumours and standard cell cultures. Spheroids of several varieties of normal and tumour cells have been grown and Chinese hamster V79-171b cells have been studied in detail. Spheroids simulate conditions in those solid tumours which contain nodular areas with necrosis at a distance from blood vessels and show a decrease in growth fraction as they increase in size. They contain radiation resistant chronically hypoxic cells which develop spontaneously as the spheroids grow, and exist in a tumour-like environment, yet retain their growth potential. Several assays have been developed or adapted for use in spheroid experiments to study cell properties and responses to treatment. These include many of the techniques used in tumour biology to determine the net response of the tumour, such as volume changes, histology, and net cell survival as well as more direct assays involving separation of subpopulations of cells. Methods were also developed to study in situ repair and repopulation processes after ionizing radiation or other cytotoxic agents.
REDUCTION OF HARMONIC DISTORTION IN VIBRATORY SOURCE RECORDS* (1981)

A bstract Due to non‐linear effects, the swept frequency signals (sweeps) transmitted into the subsurface by vibrators are contaminated by harmonics. Upon correlation of the recorded seismograms, these harmonics lead to noise trains which are particularly disturbing in the case of down‐sweeps. The method described in this paper—which can be regarded as a generalization of Sorkin's approach to the suppression of even order harmonics—allows elimination, from the final vibratory source seismogram, of harmonics of the sweep up to any desired order. It requires that not one single signal but rather a series of M signals is employed where each signal has an initial phase differing from that of the previous one of the series by the phase angle 2π M . Prior to stacking, the seismograms generated with the different signals have to be brought into the form they would have if they had been generated with the same signal. The method seems also to be capable of reducing the correlation noise if sign‐bit recording techniques are used.
Comparison of the Emulsifying Properties of Fish Gelatin and Commercial Milk Proteins (2001)

ABSTRACT: We have compared the flocculation, coalescence, and creaming properties of oil‐in‐water emulsions prepared with fish gelatin as sole emulsifying agent with those of emulsions prepared with sodium caseinate and whey protein. Two milk protein samples were selected from 9 commercial protein samples screened in a preliminary study. Emulsions of 20 vol% n ‐tetradecane or triglyceride oil were made at pH 6.8 and at different protein/oil ratios. Changes in droplet‐size distribution were determined after storage and centrifugation and after treatment with excess surfactant. We have demonstrated the superior emulsifying properties of sodium caseinate, the susceptibility of whey protein emulsions to increasing flocculation on storage, and the coalescence of gelatin emulsions following centrifugation.
A Dietary Supplement Containing Standardized Phaseolus vulgaris Extract Influences Body Composition of Overweight Men and Women (2007)

<b>Background: </b>More than one billion human adults worldwide are overweight and, therefore, are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and a variety of other chronic perturbations. Many believe that use of natural dietary supplements could aid in the struggle against obesity. So-called "starch blockers" are listed among natural weight loss supplements. Theoretically, they may promote weight loss by interfering with the breakdown of complex carbohydrates thereby reducing, or at least slowing, the digestive availability of carbohydrate-derived calories and/or by providing resistant starches to the lower gastrointestinal tract. <b>Aims: </b>The present research study examines a dietary supplement containing 445 mg of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> extract derived from the white kidney bean, previously shown to inhibit the activity of the digestive enzyme alpha amylase, on body composition of overweight human subjects. <b>Methods: </b>A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 60 pre-selected, slightly overweight volunteers, whose weight had been essentially stable for at least six months. The volunteers were divided into two groups, homogeneous for age, gender, and body weight. The test product containing <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> extract and the placebo were taken one tablet per day for 30 consecutive days before a main meal rich in carbohydrates. Each subject's body weight, fat and non-fat mass, skin fold thickness, and waist/hip/thigh circumferences were measured. <b>Results: </b>After 30 days, subjects receiving <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> extract with a carbohydrate-rich, 2000- to 2200-calorie diet had significantly (p<0.001) greater reduction of body weight, BMI, fat mass, adipose tissue thickness, and waist,/hip/ thigh circumferences while maintaining lean body mass compared to subjects receiving placebo. <b>Conclusion: </b>The results indicate that <i>Phaseolus vulgaris </i>extract produces significant decrements in body weight and suggest decrements in fat mass in the face of maintained lean body mass.
Numerical Evaluation of Correlation Parameters for Optimal Phases of Binary Shift-Register Sequences (1979)

Correlation parameters that are important for spreadspectrum communications applications are evaluated. The optimal phases (with respect to autocorrelation) are obtained for certain binary shiftregister sequences, including all maximal-length sequences of periods 31, 63, 127, and 255. Selected Gold sequences of period 127 and Kasami sequences of period 255 are also considered. Examples are given to illustrate the use of these data in the selection of signature sequences for spread-spectrum multiple-access communications systems.
Rheological and Chemical Analysis of Reverse Gelation in a Covalently Cross-Linked Diels−Alder Polymer Network (2008)

A network polymer, incorporating dynamic and reversible crosslinks, was synthesized using the Diels-Alder reaction. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the reaction rate and thermodynamic equilibrium over a broad temperature range. Equilibrium conversion of the furan and maleimide varied from 74% at 85°C to 24% at 155°C, demonstrating significant depolymerization via the retro-Diels-Alder reaction. The gel point temperature, as determined by rheometry using the Winter-Chambon criterion, was 92°C, corresponding to a gel-point conversion of 71%, consistent with the Flory-Stockmayer equation. The scaling exponents for the complex moduli, viscosity, and plateau modulus, in the vicinity of the gel-point, were determined and compared with experimental and theoretical literature values. Further, the material exhibited a low frequency relaxation owing to dynamic rearrangement of crosslinks by the Diels-Alder and retro-Diels-Alder reactions.
Biosynthesis of plant-specific phenylpropanoids by construction of an artificial biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli (2011)

Biological synthesis of plant secondary metabolites has attracted increasing attention due to their proven or assumed beneficial properties and health-promoting effects. Phenylpropanoids are the precursors to a range of important plant metabolites such as the secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid/stilbenoid class of compounds. In this study, engineered Escherichia coli containing artificial phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways utilizing tyrosine as the initial precursor were established for production of plant-specific metabolites such as ferulic acid, naringenin, and resveratrol. The construction of the artificial pathway utilized tyrosine ammonia lyase and 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase from Saccharothrix espanaensis, cinnamate/4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase from Streptomyces coelicolor, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase and chalcone synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana, and stilbene synthase from Arachis hypogaea.
Design aids and hardware testing of microprocessor system circuit packs (1977)

In this paper the hardware testing of microprocessor system circuit packs is treated, with particular emphasis on the role of automatic design aids in this process. Specific problems of implementing these tests on automatic test machines are also considered. Goals and methods of testing in this context are discussed, with special attention paid to functional simulation as a design aid. Several unique problems this type of testing are discussed, including tri-state busses, dynamic RAMs, PROMs, and a poorly testable LSI DIP. Finally the role of design aids and testing in the overall circuit pack development process is discussed.
Real-time estimation of the signal to interference ratio in cellular radio systems (2002)

The signal to interference atio (SIR) has been highlighted in the literature to be a most efficient criterion for several methods aiming at reducing the effects of cochannel interference. We derive two fast SIR estimation algorithms for narrow-band cellular systems. Simulation results for a GSM like system show that with the use of one of the methods, the SIR can be estimated to within an error of 1 dB after only 4.6 ms (i.e. after one frame), or within an error of 0.3 dB after only 60 ms.
Characterization of squalene epoxidase activity from the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum and its inhibition by terbinafine and other antimycotic agents (1996)

Squalene epoxidase (SE) is the primary target of the allylamine antimycotic agents terbinafine and naftifine and also of the thiocarbamates. Although all of these drugs are employed primarily in dermatological therapy, SE from dermatophyte fungi has not been previously investigated. We report here the biochemical characterization of SE activity from Trichophyton rubrum and the effects of terbinafine and other inhibitors. Microsomal SE activity from T. rubrum was not dependent on soluble cytoplasmic factors but had an absolute requirement for NADPH or NADH and was stimulated by flavin adenine dinucleotide. Kinetic analyses revealed that under optimal conditions the Km for squalene was 13 microM and its Vmax was 0.71 nmol/h/mg of protein. Terbinafine was the most potent inhibitor tested, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 15.8 nM. This inhibition was noncompetitive with regard to the substrate squalene. A structure-activity relationship study with some analogs of terbinafine indicated that the tertiary amino structure of terbinafine was crucial for its high potency, as well as the tert-alkyl side chain. Naftifine had a lower potency (IC50, 114.6 nM) than terbinafine. Inhibition was also demonstrated by the thiocarbamates tolciclate (IC50, 28.0 nM) and tolnaftate (IC50, 51.5 nM). Interestingly, the morpholine amorolfine also displayed a weak but significant effect (IC50, 30 microM). T. rubrum SE was only slightly more sensitive (approximately twofold) to terbinafine inhibition than was the Candida albicans enzyme. Therefore, this difference cannot fully explain the much higher susceptibility (> or = 100-fold) of dermatophytes than of yeasts to this drug. The sensitivity to terbinafine of ergosterol biosynthesis in whole cells of T. rubrum (IC50, 1.5 nM) is 10-fold higher than that of SE activity, suggesting that the drug accumulates in the fungus.
On the relationship between optical variability, visual saliency, and eye fixations: A computational approach (2012)

A hierarchical definition of optical variability is proposed that links physical magnitudes to visual saliency and yields a more reductionist interpretation than previous approaches. This definition is shown to be grounded on the classical efficient coding hypothesis. Moreover, we propose that a major goal of contextual adaptation mechanisms is to ensure the invariance of the behavior that the contribution of an image point to optical variability elicits in the visual system. This hypothesis and the necessary assumptions are tested through the comparison with human fixations and state-of-the-art approaches to saliency in three open access eye-tracking datasets, including one devoted to images with faces, as well as in a novel experiment using hyperspectral representations of surface reflectance. The results on faces yield a significant reduction of the potential strength of semantic influences compared to previous works. The results on hyperspectral images support the assumptions to estimate optical variability. As well, the proposed approach explains quantitative results related to a visual illusion observed for images of corners, which does not involve eye movements.
Multimodal Imaging of Growth and Rapamycin-Induced Regression of Colonic Adenomas in Apc Mutation-Dependent Mouse (2012)

We demonstrate that rapamycin can induce regression of adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) mutation-dependent colonic adenomas in genetically engineered mice (CPC;Apc). An endoscope was used to visualize adenomas in CPC;Apc mice weekly for 10 weeks. The lesion surface areas were measured using a distance gauge and digitally generated grid. Coronal scans were performed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to localize adenomas, and tumor volumes were measured from regions of interest drawn on consecutive axial scans. Rapamycin (5 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally daily for 5 weeks. Endoscopy and MRI were performed weekly to monitor adenoma regression. Caliper measurements and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed on adenomas postmortem. Dimensions from n = 30 adenomas in n = 7 animals were measured. Adenoma surface areas on endoscopy correlated with volumes on MRI and with postmortem caliper measurements, R(2) = 0.84 and R(2) = 0.81, respectively. The mean adenoma doubling times on endoscopy and MRI were 0.95 ± 0.14 and 1.21 ± 0.16 weeks, respectively. The minimum detectable adenoma surface area and volume on endoscopy and MRI was 0.69 mm(2) and 1.76 mm(3), respectively. On histology, the rapamycin-treated adenomas showed limited regions of dysplasia. Rapamycin therapy resulted in much lower mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and cell proliferation. Lower expression of phospho-S6 and reduced numbers of Ki67-positive cells were seen on IHC compared to vehicle-treated lesions. Endoscopy can be validated by MRI as a robust methodology for quantitative monitoring of therapy, representing a promising approach for future preclinical efforts to assess utility of novel colorectal cancer prevention strategies.
Analysis of Solanum alkaloids using internal standardization and capillary gas chromatography (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of Solanum alkaloids using internal standardization and capillary gas chromatographyDavid R. Lawson, W. Alan. Erb, and A. Raymond. MillerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 11, 2186–2191Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00023a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00023a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views303Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EGR-VGT Control and Tuning for Pumping Work Minimization and Emission Control (2009)

A control structure is proposed and investigated for coordinated control of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve and variable geometry turbochargers (VGT) position in heavy duty diesel engines. Main control goals are to fulfill the legislated emission levels, to reduce the fuel consumption, and to fulfill safe operation of the turbocharger. These goals are achieved through regulation of normalized oxygen/fuel ratio, λO, and intake manifold EGR-fraction. These are chosen both as main performance variables and feedback variables since they contain information about when it is possible to decrease the fuel consumption by minimizing the pumping work. Based on this a novel and simple pumping work minimization strategy is developed. The proposed performance variables are also strongly coupled to the emissions which makes it easier to adjust set-points, e.g., depending on measured emissions during an emission calibration process, since it is more straightforward than control of manifold pressure and air mass flow. Further, internally the controller is structured to handle the different control objectives. Controller tuning is important for performance but can be time consuming so the controller objectives are captured in a cost function, which makes automatic tuning possible even though objectives are conflicting. Performance tradeoffs are necessary and are illustrated on the European Transient Cycle. The controller is validated in an engine test cell, where it is experimentally demonstrated that the controller achieves all the control objectives and that the current production controller has at least 26% higher pumping losses compared to the proposed controller.
Preconditioning and the oxidants of sudden death (2003)

Sudden cardiac death remains a daunting medical challenge. Rescuers have minutes to defibrillate the heart and prevent ischemic injury to critical organs. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation can extend the window for successful therapy but not for long. Complicating this further is the fact that few new therapies have been proven to protect against the postresuscitation phase of cardiac arrest, when as many as 90% of patients die despite successful defibrillation. Oxidants (both reactive oxygen and nitrogen) likely play critical roles during cardiac arrest, affecting defibrillation success by affecting cardiac gap junctions and after successful defibrillation causing multiorgan damage via direct and programmed cell death. Preconditioning is an intrinsic adaptive response to stress that targets this sequence of events and is highly protective against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the heart, brain, and other critical organs. Thus, how oxidants are affected by preconditioning could provide new insights and therapies for improving both defibrillation success and oxidant-mediated postresuscitation injury of sudden cardiac death.
Identification of Genes Responsive to Solar Simulated UV Radiation in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells (2009)

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has profound effects on the skin and the systemic immune system. Several effects of UV radiation on Dendritic cells (DCs) functions have been described. However, gene expression changes induced by UV radiation in DCs have not been addressed before. In this report, we irradiated human monocyte-derived DCs with solar-simulated UVA/UVB and analyzed regulated genes on human whole genome arrays. Results were validated by RT-PCR and further analyzed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Solar-simulated UV radiation up-regulated expression of genes involved in cellular stress and inflammation, and down-regulated genes involved in chemotaxis, vesicular transport and RNA processing. Twenty four genes were selected for comparison by RT-PCR with similarly treated human primary keratinocytes and human melanocytes. Several genes involved in the regulation of the immune response were differentially regulated in UVA/UVB irradiated human monocyte-derived DCs, such as protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type E (PTPRE), thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), inducible costimulator ligand (ICOSL), galectins, Src-like adapter protein (SLA), IL-10 and CCR7. These results indicate that UV-exposure triggers the regulation of a complex gene repertoire involved in human-DC-mediated immune responses.
Fourier-Based Transmit Beampattern Design Using MIMO Radar (2014)

In multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar settings, it is often desirable to transmit power only to a given location or set of locations defined by a beampattern. Transmit waveform design is a topic that has received much attention recently, involving synthesis of both the signal covariance matrix, R, as well as the actual waveforms. Current methods involve a two-step process of designing R via iterative solutions and then using R to generate waveforms that fulfill practical constraints such as having a constant-envelope or drawing from a finite alphabet. In this paper, a closed-form method to design R for a uniform linear array is proposed that utilizes the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coefficients and Toeplitz matrices. The resulting covariance matrix fulfills the practical constraints such as positive semidefiniteness and the uniform elemental power constraint and provides performance similar to that of iterative methods, which require a much greater computation time. Next, a transmit architecture is presented that exploits the orthogonality of frequencies at discrete DFT values to transmit a sum of orthogonal signals from each antenna. The resulting waveforms provide a lower mean-square error than current methods at a much lower computational cost, and a simulated detection scenario demonstrates the performance advantages achieved.
Charge, Polarizability, and Photoionization of Single Semiconductor Nanocrystals (1999)

The electrostatic properties of individual CdSe nanocrystals are directly measured using electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) in dry air at room temperature. We determine that the static dielectric constant of CdSe nanocrystals with diameters $\ensuremath{\sim}5\mathrm{nm}$ is uniform. However, the charge per nanocrystal is nonuniform, with some nanocrystals possessing a positive charge. Furthermore, a small fraction of the nanocrystals exhibit a blinking behavior in their charge. This is entirely unexpected for a dielectric particle with no additional charge carriers. In addition, EFM measurements with simultaneous photoexcitation provide direct evidence of nanocrystal photoionization and increased blinking behavior.