gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>N</i>-Methyl-D,L-Aspartate Elicits Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Release in Prepubertal Male Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatto)* (1987)

In higher primates, the protracted delay from infancy to puberty results from an interruption in hypothalamic GnRH release. To determine whether the quiescent hypothalamic GnRH neurons of the prepubertal macaque are capable of discharging the decapeptide in response to a generalized neural depolarization, an excitatory amino acid analog, N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMA), was administered systemically to orchidectomized rhesus monkeys between 13 and 20 months of age. GnRH secretion was estimated indirectly by monitoring changes in circulating LH concentrations after the responsivity of pituitary gonadotropes to GnRH had been greatly facilitated by the chronic intermittent iv infusion of GnRH (0.1 microgram/min for 3 min every hour). The iv bolus administration of increasing doses of NMA (1.5, 4.8, and 15.0 mg/kg BW), 10-14 h after termination of the priming infusion of GnRH, elicited distinct discharges of LH, with magnitudes directly related to the amount of the excitant injected. Administration of a higher dose of NMA (48 mg/kg BW), however, failed to induce further LH release. The finding that pretreatment with a long-acting and potent GnRH receptor antagonist [( AcD2Nal1,4ClPhe2,DTrp3,DArg6,DAla10] GnRH-HOAc) abolished the LH-releasing activity of NMA provides compelling evidence for the view that the action of the neural excitant to induce gonadotropin release was exerted at a suprapituitary level. The additional observation that an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist (D,L-2-amino-5-phosphono-valeric acid) blocked the NMA-induced release of GnRH suggests that the amino acid analog interacted with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor on neurons that synthesize and/or control the release of the hypothalamic hormone. Most interestingly, three sequential GnRH discharges, with a period and an amplitude apparently similar to those generated by the hypothalamus of the adult, were elicited from the brain of prepubertal monkeys by the sequential administration of three injections of NMA at hourly intervals. Taken together these findings demonstrate that the apparent dormancy of hypothalamic GnRH neurons, which is characteristic of prepubertal development in higher primates and underlies the protracted delay in the onset of puberty in these species, may be readily terminated by application of a generalized neural excitation. Plasma FSH, PRL, GH, and cortisol concentrations were also monitored during the course of some of these experiments, and release of each of these four hormones was observed after the iv injection of NMA (15 mg/kg BW).
Thermal Aging of Heterophasic Propylene−Ethylene Copolymers:  Morphological Aspects Based on ESR, FTIR, and DSC (2003)

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of nitroxide radicals formed in thermally treated heterophasic propylene−ethylene copolymers (HPEC) containing bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate (Tinuvin 770) as a hindered amine stabilizer (HAS) were studied in the temperature range 100−433 K; the nitroxides are derived from the HAS and are termed HAS−NO. The results were compared with ESR spectra of the same radicals obtained first by oxidation of Tinuvin 770 and then doped in HPEC and related homopolymers polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP); these nitroxides are termed spin probes. ESR spectra indicated that HAS−NO and the spin probes in HPEC and homopolymers reside in a range of amorphous sites differing in their dynamical properties. Evidence for the various sites was obtained from the ESR line widths, the temperature variation of the extreme separation in the ESR spectra, and the effect of stress on the ratio of the fast and slow components in the spectra of HAS−NO in thermally treated HPEC. The relative population of sites was explained by assuming that the crystalline domains exert a restraining effect on chains located in vicinal amorphous domains; in PE the restraining effect was more pronounced in the polymer with the higher crystallinity (HDPE vs LDPE). Additional support for this assumption was provided by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of HPEC and related polymers and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dynamically restrained chains evidenced by the spin probes are thought to be located in a rigid amorphous phase, which was described in the literature. In HPEC the fast spectral component represents unrestrained ethylene−propylene rubber (EPR) chains, and the slow spectral component represents amorphous PP and EPR chains in the rigid amorphous phase. This study has demonstrated the exceptional sensitivity of ESR spectra from nitroxide radicals to polymer morphology and degree of crystallinity.
Transmission of Light through a Single Rectangular Hole (2005)

We show that a single rectangular hole in a metallic film exhibits transmission resonances that appear near the cutoff wavelength of the hole waveguide. For light polarized with the electric field pointing along the hole's short axis, it is shown that the normalized-to-area transmittance at resonance is proportional to the ratio between the long and short sides, and to the dielectric constant inside the hole. Importantly, this resonant transmission process is accompanied by a huge enhancement of the electric field at both entrance and exit interfaces of the hole.
Parameter Selection for Principal Curves (2011)

Principal curves are nonlinear generalizations of the notion of first principal component. Roughly, a principal curve is a parameterized curve in <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\BBR}^d$</tex></formula> which passes through the “middle” of a data cloud drawn from some unknown probability distribution. Depending on the definition, a principal curve relies on some unknown parameters (number of segments, length, turn, etc.) which have to be properly chosen to recover the shape of the data without interpolating. In this paper, we consider the principal curve problem from an empirical risk minimization perspective and address the parameter selection issue using the point of view of model selection via penalization. We offer oracle inequalities and implement the proposed approach to recover the hidden structures in both simulated and real-life data.
Ca++/CaMKII switches nociceptor‐sensitizing stimuli into desensitizing stimuli (2012)

Many extracellular factors sensitize nociceptors. Often they act simultaneously and/or sequentially on nociceptive neurons. We investigated if stimulation of the protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) signaling pathway influences the signaling of a subsequent sensitizing stimulus. Central in activation of PKCs is their transient translocation to cellular membranes. We found in cultured nociceptive neurons that only a first stimulation of the PKCε signaling pathway resulted in PKCε translocation. We identified a novel inhibitory cascade to branch off upstream of PKCε, but downstream of Epac via IP3-induced calcium release. This signaling branch actively inhibited subsequent translocation and even attenuated ongoing translocation. A second 'sensitizing' stimulus was rerouted from the sensitizing to the inhibitory branch of the signaling cascade. Central for the rerouting was cytoplasmic calcium increase and CaMKII activation. Accordingly, in behavioral experiments, activation of calcium stores switched sensitizing substances into desensitizing substances in a CaMKII-dependent manner. This mechanism was also observed by in vivo C-fiber electrophysiology corroborating the peripheral location of the switch. Thus, we conclude that the net effect of signaling in nociceptors is defined by the context of the individual cell's signaling history.
Genetics: Preimplantation diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by simultaneous detection of the W1282X and ΔF508 mutations* (1994)

W1282X (W) and delta F508 (delta) are the two most common mutations of the cystic fibrosis Israeli population. Patients who are homozygotes (WW and delta delta) as well as compound heterozygotes (W delta) present a severe phenotype of the disease. In the present study, we have developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for the detection of both mutations simultaneously in a single blastomere. Unfertilized human oocytes and single polyspermic blastomeres were subjected to a two-round PCR amplification: a first round of multiplex PCR followed by a second round of nested PCR, done separately at each locus. Clear signals at both loci were obtained in 51% (47/65) of oocytes and 69% (24/35) of blastomeres. The genotype of the single cell analysed was determined by endonuclease digestion of the W products and by heteroduplex formation of the delta F products. This diagnostic system will allow the identification of affected embryos (WW, delta delta, W delta) as well as phenotypically normal carriers (W+, +delta), and therefore may be used for cystic fibrosis preimplantation diagnosis in families who carry either or both mutations.
Streptothricin biosynthesis is catalyzed by enzymes related to nonribosomal peptide bond formation (1997)

In a search for strains producing biocides with a wide spectrum of activity, a new strain was isolated. This strain was taxonomically characterized as Streptomyces rochei F20, and the chemical structure of the bioactive product extracted from its fermentation broth was determined to be a mixture of streptothricins. From a genomic library of the producer strain prepared in the heterologous host Streptomyces lividans, a 7.2-kb DNA fragment which conferred resistance to the antibiotic was isolated. DNA sequencing of 5.2 kb from the cloned fragment revealed five open reading frames (ORFs) such that ORF1, -2, -3, and -4 were transcribed in the same direction while ORF5 was convergently arranged. The deduced product of ORF1 strongly resembled those of genes involved in peptide formation by a nonribosomal mechanism; the ORF2 product strongly resembled that of mphA and mphB isolated from Escherichia coli, which determines resistance to several macrolides by a macrolide 2'-phosphotransferase activity; the ORF3 product had similarities with several hydrolases; and the ORF5 product strongly resembled streptothricin acetyltransferases from different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. ORF5 was shown to be responsible for acetyl coenzyme A-dependent streptothricin acetylation. No similarities in the databases for the ORF4 product were found. Unlike other peptide synthases, that for streptothricin biosynthesis was arranged as a multienzymatic system rather than a multifunctional protein. Insertional inactivation of ORF1 and ORF2 (and to a lesser degree, of ORF3) abolishes antibiotic biosynthesis, suggesting their involvement in the streptothricin biosynthetic pathway.
Highly Durable Graphene Nanosheet Supported Iron Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEM Fuel Cells (2011)

A novel NPMC using pyrimidine-2,4,5,6-tetramine sulfuric acid hydrate (PTAm) as a nitrogen precursor and graphene nanosheets as catalyst supports was prepared and characterized. We investigate the effect of different pyrolysis temperatures on the catalysts' ORR activity along with detailed surface analysis to provide insight regarding the nature of the ORR active surface moieties. The NPMC sample heat treated at 800°C was found to display optimal ORR activity and H2O selectivity, specifically, an onset potential of 0.853 V vs RHE, a half-wave potential of 0.682 V vs RHE, and a H2O selectivity of ca. 99.9%. High stability through an accelerated durability testing (ADT) protocol was demonstrated and attributed to the high graphitic content of the catalyst support material. This novel NPMC demonstrates promising electrocatalyst activity and superior durability over commercial Pt/C catalyst for ORR under the studied conditions, rendering graphene nanosheets as an ideal replacement to traditional nanostructured carbon support materials.
Lotus Notes in action: meeting corporate information needs (1994)

How are corporate libraries involved in the implementation of Notes in their organizations? Our authors discuss the applications they developed at MCI, both administrative and corporate-wide, that won them over to the Notes mind-set
The Acute Toxicity and Primary Irritancy of N-Benzyl-N,N-Dimethylamine (1985)

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine (BDMA), a polyester foam catalyst, was determined to have LD50 values of 0.65 (0.48-0.88) ml/kg perorally in the rat, and 1.66 (1.35-2.04) ml/kg by 24-hr occluded dermal contact in rabbits. The Lt50 for saturated vapor atmosphere exposure of rats was 35.4 min, and the 4-hr LC50 was 373 (311-447) ppm for rats and mice. Histological examination of the respiratory tract of animals exposed to BDMA concentrations of 277 ppm or higher revealed acute inflammatory changes in the nasal mucosa and pulmonary congestion. Unoccluded skin contact with 0.01 ml undiluted BDMA in rabbits produced moderate local erythema and edema. A 4-hr occluded contact resulted in local necrosis. Severe eye irritancy was produced by 0.005 ml undiluted BDMA and 0.5 ml 5% BDMA in propylene glycol; 1% BDMA was nonirritant to the eye. BDMA should be regarded as an acutely hazardous material by all routes of exposure.
Heisenberg spin bus as a robust transmission line for quantum-state transfer (2011)

We study quantum-state transfer (QST) through a strongly coupled antiferromagnetic spin chain (acting as a spin bus), between weakly coupled external qubits. By treating the weak coupling as a perturbation, we find that QST is enabled specifically by the second-order terms in the perturbative expansion. We show that QST is robust against disorder in the couplings, either within the bus or to the external qubits. We find that the protocol works when the qubits are attached to any node on an even-size bus or to the antiferromagnetic nodes on an odd-size bus. The optimal time for QST is found to depend nonmonotonically on qubit separation.
Role of silicon in enhancing the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses (2004)

Abstract Although silicon (Si) has not been recognized as an essential element for plant growth, the beneficial effects of Si have been observed in a wide variety of plant species. The beneficial effects of Si are usually expressed more clearly in Si-accumulating plants under various abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Silicon is effective in controlling various pests and diseases caused by both fungi and bacteria in different plant species. Silicon also exerts alleviative effects on various abiotic stresses including salt stress, metal toxicity, drought stress, radiation damage, nutrient imbalance, high temperature, freezing and so on. These beneficial effects are mainly attributed to the high accumulation of silica on the tissue stirface although other mechanisms have also been proposed. To obtain plants resistant to multiple stresses, genetic modification of the root ability to take up Si has been proposed. In this review, the role of Si in conferring resistance to mutiple stresses is described.
STUDIES ON THE MINERALIZATION OF THE CALCIFIED TISSUE IN MOLLUSCS-II (1964)

1) Experiments of crystal growth on inserted coverslips between shell valve and mantle of Pinctada martensii were carried out with the adminstration of tetracycline hydrochloride. 2) The fluorophore was incorporated into mineral crystals. 3) Localization of the fluorophore appears to be closely related to the mode of growth of mineral crystal and to mineralization of lamellae. 4) Discussion on crystal growth was attempted by the aid of tetracycline adminestered.
Restricting the admission of selfish or malicious nodes into the network by using efficient security services in middleware for MANETs (2011)

Our upcoming livelihood environments are to be expected to rely on the information provided by various types of devices connected over different types of networks. An inclusive of effective middleware should provide applications from various platforms to the user. This leaves the securty of MANET vulnerable. In this paper, we proposed a novel approach to restrict the entry of selfish or malicious nodes into the MANET. Initially all Ad Hoc nodes will be deployed with a node address, group Id and its random session renewal period called threshold T, its performance P, minimum performance limit PMin. T is dependent on P's value, if T expires then service has to look over P's value, if P > PMin, then renew the time stamp as this node is already well known since initial deployment. If P < PMin, then irrespective of T's value such node will be discarded from the communication. We have also considered three middleware services like Heterogeneity, Scalability and Topology and expressed results of the network performance through simulation.
New Quasi-Static Models for the Computer-Aided Design of Suspended and Inverted Microstrip Lines (Short Paper) (1987)

New quasi-static models for the computer-aided design (CAD) and analysis of open suspended and inverted microstrip lines are reported. The models are obtained through generalizing those reported earlier and are applicable up to epsilon/sub r/= 20, thereby covering all the practically used substrate materials for these structures. The models also cover a larger range of dimension ratios and are accurate to within 0.6 percent for analysis and within 1 percent for synthesis.
Mutational analysis of the helper component-proteinase gene of a potyvirus: effects of amino acid substitutions, deletions, and gene replacement on virulence and aphid transmissibility. (1993)

We have previously provided evidence that amino acid substitutions within the N-terminal portion of the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) from tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV), in particular at Lys-307, not only affect the aphid transmission activity of HC-Pro but also have a significant effect on TVMV virulence. In the present study amino acids which differ in their charge properties were substituted at position 307. A highly basic residue was required to retain helper component activity and virulence. Deletion and insertion mutagenesis in the 5' terminus of the HC-Pro gene suggested that this RNA domain may be an essential element for TVMV infectivity. Replacement of the TVMV HC-Pro gene with that from another potyvirus, zucchini yellow mosaic virus, maintained infectivity and aphid transmissibility of the chimeric virus, although symptoms were attenuated. Our results suggest that, in addition to its importance in aphid transmission, the HC-Pro gene may be of general importance in regulating virulence of potyviruses, possibly by interaction of these sequences with the host.
Expression of functional toll like receptor 4 in estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer (2015)

These findings suggest that TLR4 is expressed in a functional form in ER/PR-negative breast cancers. Studies regarding TLR4-antagonist therapies should be focusing on ER/PR-negative breast cancer particularly.
Delayed Self-Heterodyne Phase Noise Measurements With Coherent Phase Modulation Detection (2011)

We present coherent phase modulation detection for laser phase noise measurements with delayed self-heterodyne method. The technique is demonstrated for the first time with the distributed feedback laser and external cavity laser. The results are within 15% of self-homodyne measurements using an optical coherent receiver.
THERMAL MECHANICAL FATIGUE CRACKS GROWTH FROM LASER DRILLED HOLES IN SINGLE CRYSTAL MATERIAL (PREPRINT) (2012)

Abstract : The crack growth test results undergoing thermomechanical fatigue showed that the life of TMF specimens with notched laser drilled holes exhibit a debit by as much as 4 times that of smooth gage section specimens under the same loading conditions. Such a significant change in number of cycles to failure must be accounted in any damage tolerant design system. The detailed fractographic analysis demonstrated that the all cracks start crystallographically along the 111 octahedral crystallographic planes and later change to mixed mode fracture. Major crack propagation takes place at the low temperature portion of the cycle in the OP test; however there is noticeable damage accumulation during the high temperature compressive load portion of the cycle. Crack propagation under TMF loading conditions is considerably faster than corresponding isothermal LCF crack growth tested at the temperature and similar loading conditions of the tensile part of the TMF cycle. As results show, the applicability of the LEFM methods for single crystal TMF crack growth prediction is limited and at least should consist of mixed mode crack analysis.
Host-guest binding capacity of cucurbituril (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHost-guest binding capacity of cucurbiturilW. L. Mock and N. Y. ShihCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 20, 3618–3619Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00168a069https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00168a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1795Altmetric-Citations211LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Clay and Alumina-Nanowhisker Reinforcements on the Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites from Biobased Epoxy:  A Comparative Study (2004)

The biobased epoxy nanocomposite materials containing functionalized vegetable oils (FVOs), such as epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), were processed with organomontmorillonite and silanized alumina nanowhiskers. The certain amount of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF) was replaced by ELO or ESO in the matrix. The selection of the DGEBF, FVO, an anhydride curing agent, and organomontmorillonite clay/alumina nanowhiskers resulted in an excellent combination, to provide new biobased epoxy nanocomposites showing a high elastic modulus, a high glass transition temperature, and a high fracture toughness with larger amounts of FVO. The Izod impact strength and fracture toughness of biobased neat epoxy were significantly improved depending on FVO, when phase separation was observed. The phase separation did not occur with the addition of exfoliated and intercalated clay nanoplatelets. The fracture toughness and the critical energy release rate of intercalated clay nanocomposites were higher than those of exfoliated clay nanocomposites. This was correlated to the rougher fracture surface area observed by scanning electron microscopy.