gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Registration based respiratory motion models for use in lung radiotherapy. (2008)

Respiratory motion is a major factor contributing to errors and uncertainties in Radiotherapy (RT) treatment of lung tumours. Knowledge of this motion may improve the planning and delivery of RT treatment for lung cancer patients. This thesis develops and evaluates methods of building patient specific respiratory motion models. These relate the internal motion to respiratory parameters derived from an external surrogate signal that can be measured during data acquisition and treatment delivery. The models offer a number of advantages over current methods of imaging and analysing respiratory motion, in particular their ability to account for variations in the respiratory motion. Computer Tomography (CT) data is acquired over several respiratory cycles to sample some of the variation in the respiratory motion. B-spline registrations are used to recover the motion and deformation from the CT data. The models are then constructed by fitting functions that relate the registration results to the respiratory parameters. This thesis describes the CT data and respiratory parameters that have been used to construct the motion models. It details the registrations protocols used and evaluates their results. The initial models presented in the thesis relate the registration results to a single parameter, the phase of the respiratory cycle, and average out any variation in the respiratory motion. The later models relate the registration results to two respiratory parameters, with the intention of modelling some of the variation. A number of different functions are assessed for both the single and two parameter models. The results show that the models can predict the respiratory motion in the CT data very accurately (mean error < 1.4 mm). This thesis also discusses some of the uses of the motion models in RT and, in particular, explores the use of the motion models for 'tracking' respiratory motion while delivering intensity modulated RT. .
Conceptual design of test aides for flight critical control systems (2002)

This paper describes the conceptual design of a suite of tools that will aid and/or automate various aspects of the control system verification and validation process. The suite provides for the definition of system data, generation of test procedures, and semi-automated test execution and evaluation. One element of this long-range vision, the Test Procedure Generator, is in the early stages of development under NASA's Small Business Innovative Research program. The TPG supports testing at the component, subsystem and complete system levels. It accepts system design data, including component and interface layout, as well as detailed component behavioral specifications defined using functional block diagrams. The TPG allows identification of the system elements to test and the specific interfaces to stimulate and/or monitor. The TPG aids the test engineer by suggesting tests to perform and generating detailed test procedures in a language suitable for automated test implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber <i>Cucumaria conicospermium</i> (2003)

Four new triterpene glycosides, cucumariosides A(2)-5 (1), A(3)-2 (2), A(3)-3 (3), and isokoreoside A (4), along with the previously isolated koreoside A (5), have been found in the sea cucumber Cucumariaconicospermium. Glycoside 1 was isolated as a native substance, while glycosides 2-5 were identified through their desulfated derivatives. Their structures have been deduced by extensive spectral analysis (NMR and MS) and chemical evidence. All the glycosides contain the same branched pentasaccharide carbohydrate chain but differ in the number and positions of the sulfate groups. Glycoside 1 has one, glycosides 2 and 3 have two, and glycosides 4 and 5 have three sulfate groups. Glycosides 2-5 are non-holostane derivatives; their aglycons lack the 18(20)-lactone and are characterized by shortened side chains, which is a very rare feature among the sea cucumber glycosides.
Global dynamics of a staged-progression model with amelioration for infectious diseases (2008)

We analyze the global dynamics of a mathematical model for infectious diseases that progress through distinct stages within infected hosts with possibility of amelioration. An example of such diseases is HIV/AIDS that progresses through several stages with varying degrees of infectivity; amelioration can result from a host's immune action or more commonly from antiretroviral therapies, such as highly active antiretroviral therapy. For a general n-stage model with constant recruitment and bilinear incidence that incorporates amelioration, we prove that the global dynamics are completely determined by the basic reproduction number R(0). If R(0)≤1, then the disease-free equilibrium P(0) is globally asymptotically stable, and the disease always dies out. If R(0)>1, P(0) is unstable, a unique endemic equilibrium P* is globally asymptotically stable, and the disease persists at the endemic equilibrium. Impacts of amelioration on the basic reproduction number are also investigated.
A micro-mechanical study of coarsening and rheology of colloidal gels: Cage building, cage hopping, and Smoluchowski's ratchet (2014)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Roseanna N. Zia, Benjamin J. Landrum, William B. Russel; A micro-mechanical study of coarsening and rheology of colloidal gels: Cage building, cage hopping, and Smoluchowski's ratchet. J. Rheol. 1 September 2014; 58 (5): 1121–1157. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.4892115 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Therapy I. Cell-External Factors: Virus Entry and Receptor Interaction (2005)

After being recognized for their anti-neoplastic properties at the beginning of the last century, viruses are again being considered for use as therapeutic agents against cancer. Certain virus species have a propensity to replicate within transformed cells, which are commonly rendered vulnerable due to tumor-specific defects in their defense against viral infection. Other viruses have been modified to subject them to tumor-specific growth conditions. Oncolytic viruses carry the promise to efficiently target cancer cells for destruction and spread throughout tumor tissue to reach distant neoplastic loci without causing collateral damage to healthy tissues. In contrast to conventional cancer chemotherapy, viral anti-neoplastic agents require complex interactions with the host organism to reach their target and to unfold their oncolytic activity. Recent progress in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis has opened up new opportunities to manipulate virus-host interactions, generating effective anti-tumor strategies. On the other hand, significant obstacles towards the application of safe and efficacious viral therapies have become apparent. These frequently relate to the lack of cell culture and animal tumor models that accurately reflect the characteristics of cancerous tissues in patients. Throughout the past century, viral therapeutics against cancer have evolved into a new class of treatment strategies characterized by unique opportunities and challenges. A growing number of oncolytic viruses has entered clinical investigation or is scheduled to do so in the near future. Great efforts are being undertaken to rekindle an old idea and, with the help of new technologies, to realize its promise of new treatment facilities for cancer.
Antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients with renal failure, liver failure, and congestive heart failure. (2002)

Commonly prescribed antiarrhythmic agents--and several recently developed agents--are reviewed with respect to their use in patients with renal failure, hepatic failure, and congestive heart failure. Because removal of electrophysiologically active agents from the systemic circulation in most cases depends on either renal elimination, hepatic metabolism, or both, patients with preexisting kidney or liver disease may be at increased risk of treatment-related drug toxicity, including proarrhythmia. These susceptibilities should be anticipated, with drug selection and/or dosage modified accordingly. Patients with left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure also are at increased risk of treatment-related complications, including proarrhythmia and hemodynamic intolerance. In addition, the metabolism of antiarrhythmic drugs may be impaired in these patients. Preference should be given to drugs with a proven safety profile, such as amiodarone, in patients with heart failure.
Modified Access Sheath for Continuous Flow Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy: A Preliminary Report of a Novel Concept and Technique (2016)

Our modification of UAS has reduced stone retropulsion, improved stone clearance, improved visual field, and probably reduced the intraluminal pressure.
Perfect Secrecy Encryption of Analog Signals (1984)

Any scheme that encrypts an analog message with perfect secrecy using a finite-size digital key must inevitably degrade the quality of the recovered message. With the constraints of perfect secrecy and a finite key size, no analog encryption system can ever achieve less degradation than is achievable by optimal digitization of the message (by block source coding or vector quantization) followed by digital encryption. Optimal analog encryption with perfect secrecy can be implemented in such a way that the bandwidth of the encrypted signal is not greater than the bandwidth of the original analog signal; this can be done without altering the key size and without increasing the degradation incurred in the recovered message.
Effect of Atmospheric Exposure on the Infrared Reflectance of Silvered Mirrors With and Without Protective Coatings (1973)

The effectiveness of typical overcoating materials (SiO(2), MgF(2), and Al(2)O(3)) in preventing tarnish formation on silvered mirrors was examined in detail, as were side effects in the ir caused by the presence of these protective films. After comparing the reflectances of freshly prepared silver mirrors with and without a protective overcoat, the mirrors were aged in room air, dry nitrogen, and moist 10% H(2)S in air and their reflectances remeasured periodically over extended periods in the 1-2 0-micro wavelength range. These measurements lead to the following conclusions. The reflectance of unprotected silver is not seriously affected at wavelengths longer than 2.5 micro by even a fairly thick tarnish film. In many cases the ir reflectance is decreased by the protective layers, resulting in a significant increase in the ir absorption of the mirror. Protective films do not give absolute protection against tarnish formation. Mirrors exposed to room air for 30 days typically show a decrease in reflectance of several tenths of a percent for both protected and unprotected mirrors. This decrease does not occur if the mirrors are stored in dry nitrogen. Overcoating layers do inhibit extensive tarnishing and improve the mechanical properties of the mirror.
Effects of <i>Uncinula necator</i> on the yield and quality of grapes ( <i>Vitis vinifera</i> ) and wine (2004)

The effects of powdery mildew ( Uncinula necator ) on grape yield, juice and wine quality were quantified for cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon (CSa) in 1997 and 1999, and for Sauvignon blanc (Sa) in 1999. Analyses were carried out on batches of healthy berries to which known percentages (0–50%) of diseased berries were added, and on natural clusters that were classified into four visual classes from low (C 1 ) to high (C 4 ) disease severity. CSa diseased berries showed an average weight reduction of 12% (1997) and 20% (1999). The direct consequence of a higher percentage of smaller, diseased berries was a reduction in yield. The accompanying loss of weight in must from C 1 to C 4 clusters increased from 10 to 45%. Sugar content in diseased berries was not significantly different from disease‐free berries in 1997, but was 20–21% (CSa) and 14% (Sa) higher in 1999. Severely infected batches also showed a higher total acidity than healthy ones. The total anthocyanin content of CSa was decreased by 0·91% (1997) and 0·66% (1999) per percentage mildewed berries added by weight. In Sa wines the concentration of 3‐mercaptohexanol, a component of varietal aroma, was decreased by powdery mildew. Multidimensional analyses, based on all the variables studied, successfully grouped batches of CSa according to disease severity. Using directional triangular tests wine experts were able to recognize CSa wines produced from berries with ≈25% of powdery mildew; the threshold for nonexperts was 50%. CSa wines obtained from samples with more than 30% of diseased berries by weight were significantly classified as the worst according to preference order criteria, but below this value the preference was not significant. Sa wines with <50% mildewed berries could not be differentiated significantly by organoleptic tests performed by nonprofessionals.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARG4 initiator of meiotic gene conversion and its associated double-strand DNA breaks can be inhibited by transcriptional interference. (1992)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as in other eukaryotes, some regions of the genome have a much higher level of meiotic gene conversion than others. Previous deletion analysis indicated that the sequence necessary for the high level of gene conversion within the ARG4 region defined an initiation site located between positions -316 and -37 [relative to the first base pair (+1) of the ARG4 coding sequence] of the ARG4 promoter. To test whether this sequence is sufficient to promote gene conversion in a novel chromosomal context, we inverted on the chromosome various DNA fragments including the implicated region and the ARG4 coding sequence. Surprisingly, these inversions resulted in the loss of the normal recombination properties and double-strand-break formation associated with this process. By Northern analysis, we found that a transcript traverses the ARG4 initiation site in these inversion mutants but not in the wild type. When transcription through this region was prevented by a transcription terminator, the activity of the initiation site and the formation of double-strand breaks were restored. From these results and from complementary deletion analysis in the normal ARG4 orientation, we conclude that the activity of the ARG4 initiation site requires protection from transcriptional interference.
Purification and some properties of two alkaline proteases from Penicillium lilacinum No. 2093. (1977)

It is well known that many fungi produced extra cellular alkaline protease.1) In particular, the alkaline protease of Aspergillus sp. are characterized in detail.
Synthesis of poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide)‐<i>block</i>‐polyisobutylene‐<i>block</i>‐poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide), a new biodegradable thermoplastic elastomer (1995)

Abstract The anionic ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide was initiated by dipotassium‐poly‐isobutylene‐alcoholate telechelic polymer to yield poly( L ‐lactide)‐ block ‐polyisobutylene‐ block ‐poly( L ‐lactide) triblock copolymer, a partially biodegradable thermoplastic elastomer. The pure triblock copolymer was obtained by gradient column chromatography on silica gel. The molar mass and molar mass distribution of the block copolymer was ascertained by SEC and quantitative 1 H NMR spectroscopy. It showed two glass transitions and microphase separation.
The Design of Web Based Machine Translation Server Based on Grid Infrastructure (2008)

This paper presents the research work in designing the architecture of translation server of Internet based machine translation system by using the infrastructure of grid. Where the translation server is able to access a LAN (or WAN) whose spare computing resources could be employed to accomplish the massive translation works generated by overwhelming user requests. According to the characteristics of different analytical tasks in a translation system, the whole process can be factorized into a series of tasks, where some computational tasks can be decomposed into highly independent and making the processing highly parallelizable. Two different configurations of distributed tasks over the network environment have been constructed in our current study.
Electromechanical coupling between the atria and mitral valve (2011)

Anterior leaflet (AL) stiffening during isovolumic contraction (IVC) may aid mitral valve closure. We tested the hypothesis that AL stiffening requires atrial depolarization. Ten sheep had radioopaque-marker arrays implanted in the left ventricle, mitral annulus, AL, and papillary muscle tips. Four-dimensional marker coordinates (x, y, z, and t) were obtained from biplane videofluoroscopy at baseline (control, CTRL) and during basal interventricular-septal pacing (no atrial contraction, NAC; 110-117 beats/min) to generate ventricular depolarization not preceded by atrial depolarization. Circumferential and radial stiffness values, reflecting force generation in three leaflet regions (annular, belly, and free-edge), were obtained from finite-element analysis of AL displacements in response to transleaflet pressure changes during both IVC and isovolumic relaxation (IVR). In CTRL, IVC circumferential and radial stiffness was 46 ± 6% greater than IVR stiffness in all regions (P < 0.001). In NAC, AL annular IVC stiffness decreased by 25% (P = 0.004) in the circumferential and 31% (P = 0.005) in the radial directions relative to CTRL, without affecting edge stiffness. Thus AL annular stiffening during IVC was abolished when atrial depolarization did not precede ventricular systole, in support of the hypothesis. The likely mechanism underlying AL annular stiffening during IVC is contraction of cardiac muscle that extends into the leaflet and requires atrial excitation. The AL edge has no cardiac muscle, and thus IVC AL edge stiffness was not affected by loss of atrial depolarization. These findings suggest one reason why heart block, atrial dysrhythmias, or ventricular pacing may be accompanied by mitral regurgitation or may worsen regurgitation when already present.
Automating wave-pipelined circuit design (2003)

Wave pipelining offers faster clock rates than conventional pipelining; however, wave-pipelined circuit design is time-consuming and requires a high level of expertise. Wave pipelining is especially vulnerable to delay changes due to variations in process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) and in the operating environment. Wave pipelining's performance is also affected by the minimum-delay path. Thus, minimum delay is also a concern for wave-pipelined circuits. Automating wave-pipelined circuit design, especially generating a design netlist, is therefore challenging. To automate the generation of wave-pipelined design netlists, we use a commercial synthesis tool, the synopsys design compiler, and delay-balancing scripts.
Mobile robot localization scheme based on RFID and sonar fusion system (2009)

We propose a novel algorithm for improved localization of the mobile robots by fusing RFID localization system and ultra-sonic sensors. Because there are uncertainties in previous RFID localization system, we are focusing on the sensor fusion system, which removes the uncertainty of the robot location using the distance measurements by ultra-sonic sensors. We divide into 2 parts, which are GPE (global position estimation) by RFID localization system and LEC (local environment cognition) by ultra-sonic sensor. The scheme to remove the uncertainty is proposed, which are the modeling about the measurement noise for RFID localization system and to estimate the straight obstacle and circular obstacle in well-structural indoor environment by the ultra-sonic sensors. The hierarchical localization algorithm is proposed to estimate the position of the mobile robot from GPE and LEC and for robust localization under the unknown indoor environment.
Design of a multichannel, multiresolution smart imaging system (2012)

This paper presents the design of a multichannel imaging system where the different optical channels have a different angular resolution and field-of-view. Such an imaging system is able to resolve fine details in a small region of interest through the channel that has the highest angular resolution (0.0096°) while controlling the surrounding region through the channel that has the widest field-of-view (2×40°). An interesting feature of such a multichannel, multiresolution imaging system is that various image processing algorithms can be applied at different segments of the image sensor. We have designed a three channel imaging system where each optical channel consists of four aspheric lens surfaces. These three imaging channels share a single image sensor with a resolution of 1440×960 and a 10 μm pixel size. All imaging channels have diffraction-limited performance ensuring good overall image quality.
Regulation, Localization, and Anchoring of Protein Kinase A Subunits during Mouse Sperm Capacitation (1997)

The molecular basis of mammalian sperm capacitation, defined as those biochemical and functional changes that render the sperm competent to fertilize the egg, is poorly understood. This extratesticular maturational process is accompanied by the activation of a unique signal transduction pathway involving the cAMP-dependent up-regulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation presumably through the activation of protein kinase A (PK-A). We demonstrate in this report that capacitation of cauda epididymal mouse sperm in vitro was accompanied by a time-dependent increase in PK-A activity. This increase in PK-A activity did not occur in a medium that does not support capacitation. While PK-A catalytic and RI/RII regulatory subunits, as well as PK-A enzyme activity, were found in both the Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble fractions of the sperm, the increase in PK-A activity accompanying capacitation was associated with enzyme activity found in the soluble fraction. Moreover, the regulatory and catalytic subunits of PK-A were observed by indirect immunofluorescence to be present throughout the head, midpiece, and principal piece of the sperm. Thus, PK-A appears to be functional in multiple compartments of this highly differentiated cell. A fraction of the Triton X-100-insoluble PK-A is presumably tethered by AKAP82, the major protein of the fibrous sheath of the sperm flagellum which anchors and compartmentalizes PK-A to the cytoskeleton via the RII subunit of PK-A. Using various recombinant truncated AKAP82 constructs in a gel overlay assay, the RII subunit-binding domain of this protein was mapped to a 57-amino-acid residue region at its N-terminus. Computer analysis revealed a 14-amino-acid region that resembled the RII-binding domains of other A Kinase Anchor Proteins. A synthetic peptide corresponding to this domain inhibited AKAP82-RII binding in a gel overlay assay, providing further support that AKAP82 is an anchoring protein for the subcellular localization of PK-A in the mouse sperm fibrous sheath. This work, along with previous findings that cAMP is a key intermediary second messenger in regulating protein tyrosine phosphorylation and capacitation, further supports the importance of PK-A in these processes and necessitates a further understanding of the contribution of both the soluble and insoluble forms of PK-A, as well as AKAP82, to sperm function.