gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiangiogenic Treatment Delays Chondrocyte Maturation and Bone Formation During Limb Skeletogenesis (2002)

Hypertrophic chondrocytes have important roles in promoting invasion of cartilage by blood vessels and its replacement with bone. However, it is unclear whether blood vessels exert reciprocal positive influences on chondrocyte maturation and function. Therefore, we implanted beads containing the antiangiogenic molecule squalamine around humeral anlagen in chick embryo wing buds and monitored the effects over time. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the drug diffused from the beads and accumulated in humeral perichondrial tissues, indicating that these tissues were the predominant targets of drug action. Diaphyseal chondrocyte maturation was indeed delayed in squalamine-treated humeri, as indicated by reduced cell hypertrophy and expression of type X collagen, transferrin, and Indian hedgehog (Ihh). Although reduced in amount, Ihh maintained a striking distribution in treated and control humeri, being associated with diaphyseal chondrocytes as well as inner perichondrial layer. These decreases were accompanied by lack of cartilage invasion and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) cells and a significant longitudinal growth retardation. Recovery occurred at later developmental times, when in fact expression in treated humeri of markers such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) appeared to exceed that in controls. Treating primary cultures of hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts with squalamine revealed no obvious changes in cell phenotype. These data provide evidence that perichondrial tissues and blood vessels in particular influence chondrocyte maturation in a positive manner and may cooperate with hypertrophic chondrocytes in dictating the normal pace and location of the transition from cartilage to bone.
Slot Synchronization in Optical PPM Communications (1986)

Maintaining slot clock synchronization in a baseband pulse position modulated (PPM) communication link is vital to its performance. This paper examines the slot clocking design associated with a direct detection, photodetecting optical PPM system. Although theoretical PPM synchronizers for optical links have been derived in the past, there is still interest in finding more practical, simpler, and easier-to-implement clocking subsystems. In this paper several types of practical slot synchronizers are considered. A basic design involving analog correlators and slot gating is presented, along with an indication of its performance. Several alternative designs are also presented, including digital synchronizers in which time samples are used for loop control. The advantage in digital systems is that more extensive processing can be handled in software, allowing the loop to perform closer to the ideal. Design procedures for digital clocking are presented, and optimal laser pulse shaping and filtering are discussed. Performance in terms of loop models and tracking error variance is included.
Oxidative stress, Nrf2 and keratin up-regulation associate with Mallory-Denk body formation in mouse erythropoietic protoporphyria (2012)

Fch/fch mice develop age-associated spontaneous MDBs, with a marked propensity for rapid MDB formation upon exposure to DDC, and therefore provide a genetic model for MDB formation. Inclusion formation in the fch/fch mice involves oxidative stress which, together with Nrf2-mediated increase in K8, promotes MDB formation.
Induction of GLUT1 mRNA in response to inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (1993)

In previous studies, we have shown that inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in Clone 9 cells (a nontransformed rat liver cell line) by 5 mM azide results in a marked biphasic stimulation of glucose transport that is mediated by GLUT1 [M. Shetty, J. N. Loeb, and F. Ismail-Beige. Am.J. Physiol. 262 (Cell Physiol. 31): C527-C532, 1992]. The late phase of the response (at 8-24 h) is associated with a doubling of cell GLUT1 content and an 8- to 10-fold increment in GLUT1 mRNA abundance. To investigate the mechanisms mediating GLUT1 mRNA induction, we have examined the effect of incubation in the presence of azide on GLUT1 gene transcription. In nuclear run-on assays, the rate of GLUT1 gene transcription was increased 2.5 +/- 0.3-fold in nuclei from cells exposed to azide for 4 h. Additionally, GLUT1 mRNA turnover was decreased in cells treated with azide: upon inhibition of RNA synthesis by actinomycin D, GLUT1 mRNA content decreased with half-lives of 2.3 +/- 0.3 and 8.0 +/- 0.5 h in control cells and cells treated with azide for 4 h, respectively. GLUT1 mRNA half-life was most prolonged (> 12 h) when azide was added subsequent to the addition of actinomycin D, and the half-life continued to be prolonged (6.5 +/- 0.5 h) in cells exposed to azide for 16 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Induction of anchorage-independent growth of human embryonic fibroblasts with a deletion in the short arm of chromosome 11 by human papillomavirus type 16 DNA (1988)

Human embryonic fibroblasts with a large deletion (11p11.11p15.1) in the short arm of one chromosome 11 (del-11 cells) appeared to be susceptible to transformation by early human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) DNA, whereas diploid human embryonic fibroblasts were not. This difference in susceptibility might be explained by the absence of a tumor suppressor gene located within the deleted part on the short arm of chromosome 11. The presence of abundant viral early-gene transcripts in transformed cells suggests that transformation was induced by an elevated level of an HPV-16 early-gene product(s). The low transcriptional activity of HPV-16 in diploid cells may indicate that cellular genes affect viral transcription. Interruption of the HPV-16 E2 early open reading frame is probably required for high-level HPV-16 early-gene expression driven from the homologous enhancer-promoter region.
Myocardial Infarction after an Asthmatic Attack in a Cataract Surgery under Local Anesthesia (2002)

Asthma is characterized by bronchial wall inflammation, airway hyperactivity, and variable degrees of reversible airflow obstruction resulting in wheezing, dyspnea, and coughing. Elderly patients with asthma have a high morbidity and mortality in the perioperative period. In an asthmatic attack, if appropriate therapeutic and preventive measures are not instituted, it can result in severe complications.
Tumor vascular targeting therapy with viral vectors (2005)

Tumor angiogenesis is crucial for the progression and metastasis of cancer. The vasculature of tumor tissue is different from normal vasculature. Therefore, tumor vascular targeting therapy could represent an effective therapeutic strategy with which to suppress both primary tumor growth and tumor metastasis. The use of viral vectors for tumor vascular targeting therapy is a promising strategy based on the unique properties of viral vectors. In order to circumvent the potential problems of antiviral neutralizing antibodies, poor access to extravascular tumor tissue, and toxicities to normal tissue, viral vectors need to be modified to target the tumor endothelial cells. Viral vectors that could be used for tumor vascular targeting therapy include adenoviral vectors, adeno-associated viral vectors, retroviral vectors, lentiviral vectors, measles virus, and herpes simplex viral vectors. In this review, we will summarize the strategies available for targeting viral vectors for tumor vascular targeting therapy.
Purification and characterization of four extracellular 1,3- -glucanases of Botrytis cinerea (1993)

The filamentous fungus Botrytis cinerea was found to produce four 1,3-β-glucanases (Glu I, II, III, IV). These enzymes were visualized by activity-staining after separation by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). During growth on glucose as the single carbon source, only Glu III was detectable in the culture supernatant of B. cinerea. After glucose was exhausted from the medium, the extracellular (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan (cinerean) capsule of the fungus was degraded. In this phase the other three enzymes became detectable and the amount of all four enzymes increased. The enzyme with the greatest activity was Glu II, which was purified to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE. Its M r was 75000 and its isoelectric point (pI) was 5·2. Glycosylation of Glu II was shown by the periodic acid/Schiff reaction after SDS-PAGE. Glu II cleaved cinerean and laminarin. Both substrates were degraded in an exo-manner as shown by product characterization, and by studying the viscosity decrease in comparison with the liberation of reducing groups. The concentration of substrate that gave half-maximal velocity (S0·5) for Glu II was 580μg ml−1 for cinerean and 152 μg ml−1 for laminarin. For Glu III, also purified to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE, an M r of 84000 and a pI of 3·6 were determined. Glu III cleaved laminarin (S0·5 119 μg ml−1) but not cinerean. Glu I and Glu IV were purified by activity-stained native PAGE. Both enzymes cleaved cinerean and laminarin in an exo-manner. Glu I focused at pI 4·9; its S0·5 was 275 μg ml−1 with cinerean and 138 μg ml−1 with laminarin. The pI of Glu IV was 3.4; its S0·5 was 171 μg ml−1 for cinerean and 27 μg ml−1 for laminarin.
On the population status of Indian spiny-tailed lizard, Saara hardwickii outside the Thar Desert of Rajasthan, with a preliminary report on the herpetofauna of Sariska National Park (2015)

has a patchy distribution in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan (Wilms et al., 2009). In India, it is the only herbivorous lizard and distributed mostly throughout the Thar Desert of Rajasthan and Gujarat (Das, 2002; Daniel, 2002; Ramesh and Ishwar, 2008; Wilms et al., 2009; Das et al., 2013). Once common, the species now occurs in small, fragmented, and declining populations and is considered to be threatened due to habitat destruction and illegal collecting for the pet trade (Das et al., 2013). In Rajasthan, outside the Thar Desert, the species is known only from Bardod Closed Area, Alwar District (Sharma, 2001). In order to study the present population status of
Induction of Apoptosis in Arsenic Trioxide-treated Lung Cancer A549 Cells by Buthionine Sulfoximine (2008)

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) affects many biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and angiogenesis. L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. We tested whether ATO reduced the viability of lung cancer A549 cells in vitro, and investigated the in vitro effect of the combination of ATO and BSO on cell viability in relation to apoptosis and the cell cycle. ATO caused a dose-dependant decrease of viability of A549 cells with an IC50 of more than 50 microM. Low doses of ATO or BSO (1 approximately 10 microM) alone did not induce cell death. However, combined treatment depleted GSH content and induced apoptosis, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) and cell cycle arrest in G2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased or decreased depending on the concentration of ATO. In addition, BSO generally increased ROS in ATO-treated A549 cells. ROS levels were at least in part related to apoptosis in cells treated with ATO and/or BSO. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that A549 lung cells are very resistant to ATO, and that BSO synergizes with clinically achievable concentration of ATO. Our results suggest that combination treatment with ATO and BSO may be useful for treating lung cancer.
Single Locus, Multiallelic Inheritance of Erucic Acid Content and Linkage Mapping of <i>FAE1</i> Gene in Yellow Mustard (2013)

ABSTRACT With our objective to develop inbred lines as synthetic components in yellow mustard ( Sinapis alba L.), we have isolated different erucic acid variants. The genetic basis of variation in erucic content was investigated using the four variants Y517, Y496, Y1130, and Y514 with high (approximately 50%), medium (approximately 24%), low (approximately 1.4%), and zero (<0.1%) erucic contents, respectively. The segregation of this trait in the BC 1 F 1 and F 2 populations of the two crosses Y514 × Y496 and Y514 × Y517 indicated that it was under monogenic control with partial dominance for the high content. To test the allelism of the genes for high, medium, and low erucic contents, crosses were made among Y517, Y496, and Y1130, respectively. The erucic content was also controlled by one gene and no transgressive segregant of zero erucic phenotype was observed in the resulting F 2 populations. Therefore, it was concluded that the genes for high, medium, low, and zero erucic contents were different alleles of the same locus. Accordingly, we designated the erucic alleles in Y517, Y496, Y1130, and Y514, as “ E 1 ,” “ E 2 ,” “ E 3 ,” and “ e ,” respectively. The regional linkage maps of the high erucic gene FAE1.E 1 and the medium erucic gene FAE1.E 2 were constructed using intron length polymorphism markers. The two genes FAE1.E 1 and FAE1.E 2 were mapped to the same chromosomal position, further confirming the single locus, multiallelic control of erucic content in yellow mustard.
Effect of Altitude on Hospitalizations for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (2006)

High altitude above 2500 m is a modest predictor for RSV-associated hospitalization. Practitioners in these regions should consider additional efforts to educate parents about RSV infection and its prevention and the importance of early treatment.
Silybin from Silybum Marianum Seeds Inhibits Confluent-Induced Keratinocytes Differentiation as Effectively as Retinoic Acid without Inducing Inflammatory Cytokine (2009)

Retinoic acid (RA) has been effective for improving wrinkles. However, it has also been reported that RA induces skin irritation. In this study, we explored new botanical compounds that show RA-like activity, but do not induce inflammation in vitro. Keratinocytes were maintained in a confluent condition and induced differentiation. Under this condition keratinocytes were treated with many botanical extracts and their morphological change were observed and compared with RA-treated. We found that silybin, which is a major flavonolignan from Silybum Marianum seeds, induced RA-like morphological change and prevented differentiation. We showed that silybin, like RA, reduced the expression of keratinocyte terminal differentiation markers and stimulated the expression of basement membrane component proteins. In contrast, silybin, unlike RA, did not stimulate the secretion of IL-1alpha, which is a skin irritation mediator. These results suggest that silybin has RA-like activity on keratinocytes and has the potential to improve winkle without inducing skin irritation.
Adsorption and Leaching of P in Acid Organic Soils and High Organic Matter Sand (1971)

Abstract Adsorption studies indicated that soils in which the colloids were organic had very low capacities to absorb P. The adsorbed P was very soluble. Soluble P fertilizer was readily leached from an organic soil and a high organic matter sand which contained no inorganic colloids. The addition of AlCl 3 which resulted in large amounts of exchangeable Al almost completely stopped leaching of P.
Ascorbic Acid and Reducing Agents Regulate the Fates and Functions of S-Nitrosothiols (1997)

Although S-nitrosoglutathione (GS-NO) and other S-nitrosothiols (RS-NO) exhibit activity attributable to nitric oxide (NO), the dynamic aspects of their metabolism remain to be elucidated. To determine the fates and functions of RS-NO, the stability of GS-NO was analyzed in plasma, and various fractions of liver and kidney. GS-NO was fairly stable under physiological conditions in plasma and buffer solutions. However, GS-NO was rapidly decomposed in the presence of either homogenates of rat liver and kidney or their supernatant fractions. The ability of the supernatants to decompose GS-NO remained unchanged after the removal of proteins and large molecular weight compounds. Physiological levels of reducing agents, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AsA), and cysteine, also enhanced the decomposition of RS-NO; the order of their potency was AsA > cysteine >GSH. Considering their intra-cellular concentrations and potency, AsA might principally be responsible for the enhanced decomposition of GS-NO. NO, GS-NO, and related RS-NO inhibited the respiration of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The inhibitory effect of GS-NO was enhanced by the reducing agents (cysteine>AsA>GSH). Intravenously administered GS-NO exhibited a depressor action through some ascorbic acid enhancable mechanism. Thus, the metabolism and biological function of GS-NO and related RS-NO might be affected by AsA and other reducing agents.
Chemokine-Mediated B Cell Trafficking during Early Rabbit GALT Development (2014)

Microbial and host cell interactions stimulate rabbit B cells to diversify the primary Ab repertoire in GALT. B cells at the base of appendix follicles begin proliferating and diversifying their V-(D)-J genes around 1 wk of age, ∼5 d after B cells first begin entering appendix follicles. To gain insight into the microbial and host cell interactions that stimulate B cells to diversify the primary Ab repertoire, we analyzed B cell trafficking within follicles during the first week of life. We visualized B cells, as well as chemokines that mediate B cell homing in lymphoid tissues, by in situ hybridization, and we examined B cell chemokine receptor expression by flow cytometry. We found that B cells were activated and began downregulating their BCRs well before a detectable B cell proliferative region appeared at the follicle base. The proliferative region was similar to germinal center dark zones, in that it exhibited elevated CXCL12 mRNA expression, and B cells that upregulated CXCR4 mRNA in response to signals acquired from selected intestinal commensals localized in this region. Our results suggest that after entering appendix follicles, B cells home sequentially to the follicle-associated epithelium, the follicular dendritic cell network, the B cell/T cell boundary, and, ultimately, the base of the follicle, where they enter a proliferative program and diversify the primary Ab repertoire.
Increases of Cardiac Troponin in Conditions other than Acute Coronary Syndrome and Heart Failure (2009)

Information on the diagnostic and prognostic uses of cTn in conditions other than ACS and heart failure is accumulating. Although increased cTn in settings other than ACS or heart failure is frequently considered a clinical confounder, the astute physician must be able to interpret cTn as a dynamic marker of myocardial damage, using clinical acumen to determine the source and significance of any reported cTn increase.
Sentiment Classification for Hotel Booking Review Based on Sentence Dependency Structure and Sub-Opinion Analysis (2018)

This paper presents a supervised method to classify a document at the sub-sentence level. Traditionally, sentiment analysis often classifies sentence polarity based on word features, syllable features, or N-gram features. A sentence, as a whole, may contain several phrases and words which carry their own specific sentiment. However, classifying a sentence based on phrases and words can sometimes be incoherent because they are ungrammatically formed. In order to overcome this problem, we need to arrange words and phrase in a dependency form to capture their semantic scope of sentiment. Thus, we transform a sentence into a dependency tree structure. A dependency tree is composed of subtrees, and each subtree allocates words and syllables in a grammatical order. Moreover, a sentence dependency tree structure can mitigate word sense ambiguity or solve the inherent polysemy of words by determining their word sense. In our experiment, we provide the details of the proposed subtree polarity classification for sub-opinion analysis. To conclude our discussion, we also elaborate on the effectiveness of the analysis result.
Probabilistic analysis of the specific absorption rate intersubject variability safety factor in parallel transmission MRI (2016)

The proposed method to study SAR intersubject variability uses a reasonable number of electromagnetic simulations. Look-ahead SAR safety margins can be deduced based on risk/benefit ratio assessments. Magn Reson Med 78:1217-1223, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Potential Sources of Genetic Resistance in Lactuca spp. to the Lettuce Aphid, Nasanovia ribisnigri (Mosely) (Homoptera: Aphididae) (2008)

Lettuce aphid, Nasanovia ribisnigri (Mosely) (Homoptera: Aphididae), is an economically important pest of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.). High-level resistance found in a wild relative, Lactuca virosa L. accession PIVT 280, is conditioned by the Nr gene, which has been transferred to European cultivars and is being commercially transferred to U.S.-adapted cultivars. New sources of resistance to guard against possible resistance-breaking strains of lettuce aphid were sought in a greenhouse screening of 1203 accessions of lettuce, which included 1047 accessions of L. sativa L., seven accessions of Lactuca perennis L., 18 accessions of Lactuca saligna L., 125 accessions of L. serriola L., and six accessions of L. virosa L. Two new and potentially unique sources of resistance to lettuce aphid were found in L. serriola accession PI 491093 and L. virosa accession PI 274378. The genetic relationship of resistance in PI 491093 and PI 274378 with that in PIVT 280 remains to be determined.
Flexible optical backplane interconnections (2002)

The increasing demand for bandwidth and interconnection density to provide wide bandwidth services at reasonably low cost are rapidly exhausting capabilities of interconnection techniques currently employed in conventional wide bandwidth telecommunication switching equipment. In particular, a bottleneck occurs at the intra-system (that is, board-, shelf- and cabinet-level) backplane interconnections. In order to address this problem, a variety of optical interconnection schemes have been proposed. At Lucent Technologies Bell Laboratories, we have taken a systems approach in developing a Z-axis assembly process for producing flexible optical backplane interconnection circuits. This paper describes details of fabrication process and performance of new flexible optical circuits.
A Survey and Taxonomy of Cyber Foraging of Mobile Devices (2011)

With the ever-increasing advancement of mobile device technology and their pervasive usage, users expect to run their applications on mobile devices and get the same performance as if they used to run their applications on powerful non-mobile computers. There is a challenge though in that mobile devices deliver lower performance than traditional less-constrained and non-mobile computers because they are constrained by weight, size, and mobility in spite of all their advancements in recent years. One of the most common solutions that has ameliorated this performance disparity is cyber foraging, wherein nearby non-mobile computers called surrogates are utilized to run the whole or parts of applications on behalf of mobile devices. In this paper, we present a survey of cyber foraging as a solution to resolve the challenges of computing on resource-constrained mobile devices. We also explain the most notable cyber foraging systems and present a categorization of existing cyber foraging approaches considering their type of dynamicity, granularity, metrics used, surrogate types and scale, location of their decision maker unit, remoteness of execution, migration support, and their overheads.