gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precise Determination of the Chemical Diffusion Coefficient of Calcium‐Doped Lanthanum Chromites by Means of Electrical Conductivity Relaxation (1994)

Chemical relaxation experiments were conducted on sintered samples of calcium‐doped lanthanum chromites by abruptly changing the oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere and following the time change of conductivity. The re‐equilibration kinetics was analyzed by fitting the relaxation data to the solutions of Fick's second law for appropriate boundary conditions. The diffusion equation ignoring the effect of surface reaction failed to describe the transient behavior especially for the initial stage, while that taking the surface effect into account gave a satisfactory interpretation of the overall relaxation process and allowed a precise determination of the two kinetic parameters: oxygen chemical diffusion coefficient and surface reaction rate constant. The chemical diffusion coefficients increased with a decrease of the oxygen partial pressure due to the corresponding change in the concentration of the moving species. The activation energy was similar to that of oxygen vacancy diffusion coefficients in other monocrystalline perovskites, suggesting that the measured diffusion coefficients were attributable to lattice diffusion. The surface reaction rate constant increased with a decrease of the oxygen partial pressure similarly to the reported oxygen nonstoichiometry, which implies that the presence of oxygen vacancies plays an important role in the surface reaction kinetics.
Expression of antioxidant enzymes in human inflammatory cells (2000)

Because antioxidant enzymes may have an important role in the oxidant resistance of inflammatory cells, we investigated the mRNA levels and specific activities of manganese and copper-zinc superoxide dismutases (Mn SOD and Cu,Zn SOD), catalase (Cat), and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) in human neutrophils, monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and alveolar macrophages. Levels of GSH and glutathione peroxidase activity in monocytes were three times higher than in neutrophils, whereas the mRNA of Cat was 50-fold and its specific activity 4-fold higher in neutrophils. Although Mn SOD mRNA levels were higher in neutrophils, enzyme activities, as well as those of Cu,Zn SOD, were similar in all phagocytic cells. Neutrophils lost their viability, assessed by adenine nucleotide depletion, within 24 h ex vivo and more rapidly if GSH was depleted. However, neutrophils were the most resistant cell type to exogenous H(2)O(2). In conclusion, high Cat activity of neutrophils appears to explain their high resistance against exogenous H(2)O(2), whereas low GSH content and GSH-related enzymes seem to account for the poor survival of human neutrophils.
THE ECONOMIC BURDEN OF METASTATIC AND PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER: FINDINGS FROM A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF HEALTH PLAN DATA (2004)

In CaP cases metastatic and PSA progression pose a significant economic burden irrespective of baseline stage, grade and treatment. Treatments that slows or prevents meta-static and PSA progression could offset this cost.
<i>N</i>-Acetylglutamate and <i>N</i>-Acetylaspartate in Soybeans (<i>Glycine max</i> L.), Maize (<i>Zea maize</i> L.), and Other Foodstuffs (2008)

N-Acetylglutamate (NAG) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) are amino acid derivatives with reported activities in a number of biological processes. However, there is no published information on the presence of either substance in foodstuffs. We developed a method for extracting and quantifying NAG and NAA from soybean seeds and maize grain using ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The lower limit of quantification for both NAG and NAA was 1 ng/mL. The method was then utilized to quantify NAG and NAA in other foodstuffs (fruits, vegetables, meats, grains, milk, coffee, tea, cocoa, and others). Both NAG and NAA were present in all of the materials analyzed. The highest concentration of NAG was found in cocoa powder. The highest concentration of NAA was found in roasted coffee beans. Both NAG and NAA were found at quantifiable concentrations in all foods tested indicating that these two acetylated amino acids are common components of the human diet.
Adenosis (Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia): Histopathology and Relationship to Carcinoma (1995)

Adenosis is a specific histologic entity which is most frequently seen in transurethral resection of the prostate, although increasingly identified on needle biopsy. The distinction of adenosis from low-grade adenocarcinoma is based on a constellation of histologic features, rather than on any one specific feature (i.e. nucleoli). Although mimicking low grade adenocarcinoma, adenosis has not been shown to be related to adenocarcinoma.
Electron-optical-phonon scattering rates in a rectangular semiconductor quantum wire (1991)

One-dimensional electron-optical-phonon interaction Hamiltonians in a rectangular quantum wire consisting of diatomic polar semiconductors are derived under the macroscopic dielectric continuum model. The scattering rates calculated in a GaAs square quantum wire show that when the quantum wire is free-standing in vacuum, the interaction by the surface-optical phonon modes is very strong and may dominate over other scattering processes, especially with dimensions of about 100 Å or less. When the wire is embedded in a polar semiconductor (AlAs to be specific), the scattering rates by the surface-optical phonon modes become generally smaller, but yet comparable to those by the confined longitudinal-optical modes as the wire dimension shrinks. A considerable decrease in the total scattering rate for optical phonons as a result of simple reduction in dimensionality is not observed in this study.
Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein Defects: Molecular Basis and Novel Therapeutic Approaches (2005)

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) is a complex protein that catalyzes the last three steps of long chain fatty acid oxidation. MTP defects have emerged recently as important inborn errors of metabolism because of their clinical implications. These disorders are recessively inherited and display a spectrum of clinical phenotypes in affected children including hepatic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, neuro-myopathy, and may cause sudden unexpected infant death if undiagnosed and untreated. Interestingly, mothers who carry fetuses with MTP defects develop life-threatening complications during pregnancy. Recently, we delineated disease-causing mutations in MTP and reported the molecular basis for the pediatric and fetal-maternal genotype-phenotype correlations. Current management of patients with MTP defects include long-term dietary therapy of fasting avoidance, low fat diet with the restriction of long chain fatty acid intake and substitution with medium chain fatty acids. The long-term outcome of patients treated by dietary modifications remains unknown. Thus, treatment that aims at correcting the metabolic defect remains the therapy of choice for this disorder. Currently, we are exploring the potential use of protein transfection domains (PTD) for treatment of these disorders. We have shown that the transactivator of transcription (TAT) peptide from the human immunodeficiency virus can deliver proteins to mitochondria. We have further developed methods to localize these proteins to mitochondria by including a mitochondrial targeting in the fusion protein construct. Finally, we have shown that the fusion protein can cross the placenta and was detectable in the fetus and newborn pups. The practical therapeutic implications of this novel approach will be discussed.
Automobility ‘south of the west’: toward a global conversation (2010)

Car culture’ and ‘American car culture’ often seem to mean much the same thing. The slippage should not come as a surprise, as the United States has been the foremost automobile nation throughout much of the twentieth century and has probably produced the greatest quantity of scholarly analysis on how cars have been taken up into people’s lives. Although the automobile was first developed in Europe, by 1904 the United States was the leading manufacturer of automobiles and just three years later it could claim to have more than all other nations combined. By the second decade of the twentieth century, as the dominant narratives have long asserted, automobility was on the way to becoming the keynote of American life—in James Fink’s words, ‘as American as apple pie, the Declaration of Independence, and the stars and stripes’.
Optimization of ground plane for improved GPS antenna performance (2002)

A method has been identified for broadening the pattern of patch antennas. The intended application is for Global Positioning Satellite, GPS, signal reception; therefore, a very broad circularly polarized pattern is required. The patch antenna was chosen for its simplicity in design as well as its low weight. However, the patch antenna performance is strongly coupled to the structure on which it is mounted. Measured and predicted results (of the antenna (designed for 1227 and 1575 MHz) are shown which establish the performance of the patch on different size ground planes. From this information a new ground plane is constructed to improve the pattern performance.
Pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease in embryonally bursectomised chickens (1990)

Embryonally bursectomised and nonbursectomised chickens were infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) at 36 days of age. Neither clinical signs nor gross lesions were observed in the infected, bursectomised (IB) chickens. No significant changes were observed in carcass, thymus or spleen weights of IB and noninfected bursectomised chickens. A mild lymphocytic necrosis and depletion were found in the spleen, thymus and caecal tonsil of the IB chickens. Neither precipitating nor serum neutralising antibodies were detected in the sera but IBDV was reisolated from the spleen and thymus. Infected, nonbursectomised (IN) chickens developed severe depression with diarrhoea and high mortalities. Haemorrhages were found in the muscles of the breast and thigh, proventriculus and intestines. Significant changes were observed between the carcass, thymus and bursa weights of the IN and noninfected, nonbursectomised chickens. There was severe lymphatic necrosis of the bursa, thymus, spleen and caecal tonsil. Both precipitating and neutralising antibodies were detected in the sera and the virus was reisolated from the bursa, thymus and spleen. It is concluded that the bursa of Fabricius is not essential for the establishment of an IBDV infection but is required for the clinical infection.
Noise suppression using data-adaptive polarization filters: Applications to infrasonic array data (1982)

We shall describe the construction of a data-adaptive filter which is based upon the multivariate coherence of signals from an array of sensors. The measure of coherence used, called the degree of polarization, is constructed from invariants of the spectral matrix composed from the data and is rotationally invariant. Application of this filter to an infrasonic data suite is shown in which signal-to-level contrasts are enhanced by as much as 20 dB.
Growth curve registration for evaluating salinity tolerance in barley (2017)

Our family-wise methodology is suitable for analyzing the growth curves of a large number of plants from multiple families. The corrected curves accurately account for the spatial and temporal variations among plants that are inherent to high-throughput experiments.
An FPGA based configurable I/O system for AC drive controllers (2002)

Modern AC drive control systems rely on advanced microprocessor techniques to implement the complex, real-time control algorithms necessary for high dynamic performance of the AC drive. The techniques employed generally have addressed the computational requirements of an AC drive controller, however little attention has been placed in the past on the provision of efficient I/O structures to deal with the numerous sensors and interfaces within the AC drive environment. This paper introduces the general interface requirements of a digital AC drive controller and then proposes an I/O coprocessor architecture capable of providing low level I/O support to a conventional microprocessor within an AC drive controller. The paper concludes by suggesting a possible route for the implementation of the I/O coprocessor architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of Unknown Migrants from Food Contact Materials (2011)

Materials that come into contact with foodstuffs can transfer components that may cause odour or taint problems or in the worse case cause the foodstuff to be unsafe to eat. The identities of some of these are easily predicted from the chemistry of known components but others are not. In this respect, it is important to be able to identify and quantify these chemicals. This chapter describes the need for methods of identification of unknown chemicals that may migrate. Mass spectrometric analytical methods are described, including headspace-gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS), liquid injection gas chromatography with MS, and liquid chromatography with time-of-flight MS (LC-TOF-MS).
Oligonucleotide array for simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses using a reverse‐line blot hybridization assay (2005)

The interest in developing new diagnostic methods based on arrays of multiple probes to detect and type simultaneously a wide range of different infectious agents is increasing. This becomes a necessity in the case of infectious agents such as respiratory viruses that cause diseases with very similar signs and symptoms. Such tools will permit rapid and accurate diagnosis of different agents causing respiratory infection leading to the most adequate prevention and/or treatment measures. In this article a reverse-line blot hybridization (RLB) assay for the detection of a wide range of respiratory viruses is presented and evaluated for its usefulness in routine diagnosis. This assay employs an array of 18 oligonucleotide probes immobilized on a nylon membrane. Biotin-labeled PCR products obtained with two multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays described previously, which allow for the detection of fourteen different groups of respiratory viruses, were hybridized to the oligonucleotide array. Detection was performed using a chemiluminescent method. The standardization of the method showed that the RLB assay could be an alternative to the nested PCR assay for enhancing the sensitivity in the detection of the amplified products, avoiding the problem of cross-over contamination, increasing the specificity, and therefore simplifying the method. This is of main interest in laboratories with few facilities. The feasibility and accuracy of the RT-PCR-RLB assay for detecting respiratory viruses proves that such approach could be a first stage to develop a microarray assay for routine diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Integration of wireless sensor network with medical service provider for ubiquitous e-Healthcare (2012)

Developments in ICT have enabled remote connectivity of patients, doctors, and hospitals; hence medical services are no longer confined to hospitals and clinics. The increased mobility in everyday life demands anywhere, anytime, i.e., ubiquitous availability of healthcare services over the internet. The wireless sensor networks are integrated in healthcare solutions effortlessly enabling remote access. The weak / geriatric patients can feed their biological measurements by periodic or aperiodic uploading without visiting any clinic or healthcare center. In case of In-body or On-body sensors a suitable way of clinical measurements can be setup which may be automatic or semi automatic. In case of disasters the physical networks may be knocked out leaving thousands of victims helpless. The wireless sensor networks can be quickly setup by adhoc networking to reach such patients‥ There can be a mix of wireless sensor networks at the patient end using Bluetooth or adhoc network protocol followed by WPAN and WiMAX connectivity leading to fixed networks. Research is being done to address the bandwidth and security issues with minimal battery power and computation requirements while meeting the acceptable security standards. The proposed hierarchical security management scheme uses biometric data, e-Health card or RFID tag for patient or doctor authentication to access healthcare services. The healthcare server issues a session key for one time usage. The upper layers use IPSEC along with the symmetric session key for data transport. In cases of disaster, temporary arrangement can be made by passing the requirement to access the healthcare server to be confirmed at a suitable time later. The security at the lowest level can be further strengthened by including the concept of root level trust embedded in the sensors which are registered with a Trusted Coordinator.
A CMOS four-quadrant analog current multiplier (1991)

A CMOS four-quadrant analog current multiplier is described. The circuit is based on the square-law characteristic of an MOS transistor and is insensitive to temperature and process variations. The circuit is insensitive to the body effect so it is not necessary to place transistors in individual wells. The multiplier has a large -3-dB bandwidth (50 MHz with 10- mu m transistors) and an approximately constant input impedance. The circuit was realized on a CMOS semicustom array. Measurements have shown that the nonlinearity is less than 1% at the maximum input current range and less than 0.2% when the input range is restricted to 50% of the maximum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conversion of Product Specificity of Archaebacterial Geranylgeranyl-diphosphate Synthase (1996)

Prenyltransferases catalyze the consecutive condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate with allylic diphosphates to produce prenyl diphosphates whose chain lengths are absolutely determined by each enzyme. To investigate the mechanism of the consecutive reaction and the determination of the ultimate chain length, a random mutational approach was planned. A geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase gene from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was randomly mutagenized by NaNO2 treatment to construct a library of mutated geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase genes on a yeast expression vector. The library was screened for suppression of a pet phenotype of yeast C296-LH3, which is deficient in hexaprenyl-diphosphate synthase. Five mutants that could grow on a YEPG plate, which contained only glycerol as an energy source instead of glucose, were selected from approximately 1,400 mutants. All selected mutated enzymes catalyzed the formation of polyprenyl diphosphates with prenyl chains longer than geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Especially mutants 1, 3, and 5 showed the strongest elongation activity to produce large amounts of geranylfarnesyl diphosphate with a concomitant amount of hexaprenyl diphosphate. Sequence analysis revealed that each mutant contained a few amino acid substitutions and that the mutation of Phe-77, which is located on the fifth amino acid upstream from the first aspartate-rich consensus motif, is the most effective for elongating the ultimate product. Amino acid alignment of known prenyltransferases around this position and our previous observations on farnesyl-diphosphate synthase (Ohnuma, S.-i., Nakazawa, T., Hemmi, H., Hallberg, A.-M., Koyama, T., Ogura, K., and Nishino, T.(1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 10087-10095) clearly indicate that the amino acid at the position of all prenyltransferases must regulate the chain elongation.
Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance gene markers in Mycoplasma genitalium: application to studies of the minimal gene complement (2006)

Mycoplasma genitalium has been proposed as a suitable model for an in-depth understanding of the biology of a free-living organism. This paper reports that the expression of the aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-aph(2''), the only selectable marker hitherto available for M. genitalium genetic studies, correlates with a growth impairment of the resistant strains. In light of this finding, a tetM438 construction based on the tetracycline resistance gene tetM was developed; it can be used efficiently in M. genitalium and confers multiple advantages when compared to aac(6')-aph(2''). The use of tetM438 significantly improves transformation efficiency and generates visible colonies faster. Finally, the improvements in the pMTnTetM438 construction made it possible to obtain insertions in genes which have not been previously considered to be dispensable under laboratory growth conditions.
Electrocatalytic oxidation of ammonia on Pt(111) and Pt(100) surfaces (2006)

The electrocatalytic oxidation of ammonia on Pt(111) and Pt(100) has been studied using voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and in situ infrared spectroscopy. The oxidative adsorption of ammonia results in the formation of NH(x) (x = 0-2) adsorbates. On Pt(111), ammonia oxidation occurs in the double-layer region and results in the formation of NH and, possibly, N adsorbates. The experimental current transients show a hyperbolic decay (t(-1)), which indicates strong lateral (repulsive) interactions between the (reacting) species. On Pt(100), the NH(2) adsorbed species is the stable intermediate of ammonia oxidation. Stabilization of the NH and NH(2) fragments on Pt(111) and Pt(100), respectively, is in an interesting agreement with recent theoretical predictions. The Pt(111) surface shows extremely low activity in ammonia oxidation to dinitrogen, thus indicating that neither NH nor N (strongly) adsorbed species are active in dinitrogen production. Neither nitrous oxide nor nitric oxide is the product of ammonia oxidation on Pt(111) at potentials up to 0.9 V, as deduced from the in situ infrared spectroscopy measurements. The Pt(100) surface is highly active in dinitrogen production. This process is characterized by a Tafel slope of 30 mV decade(-1), which is explained by a rate-determining dimerization of NH(2) fragments followed by a fast decay of the resulting surface-bound hydrazine to dinitrogen. Therefore, the high activity of the Pt(100) surface for ammonia oxidation to dinitrogen is likely to be related to its ability to stabilize the NH(2) adsorbate.
Fluorocarbons: properties and syntheses. (1975)

The paper discusses custom syntheses of fluorocarbons for potential use as artificial blood substitutes. The term "fluorocarbon" designates a perfluorinated carbon compound which does not contain another halogen or hydrogen. Prominent requirements of an artificial blood substitute are: 1) efficient oxygen/carbon dioxide transport, 2) biological inertness, 3) low vapor pressure, 4) dispersibility to form emulsion. Fluorocarbons are superior to other liquids in dissolving oxygen and carbon dioxide. The most biologically inert halogenated alkanes are fully fluorinated. Introduction of another halogen or unsaturation decreases biological inertness. Boiling points of fluoroalkanes can be estimated from the Kinney equation. The most common method of fluorination, namely electrofluorination, is briefly described and applied to several types of organic compounds. Hydrocarbons give low yields of perfluoroalkanes. Alternatively, perfluoroalkanes may be prepared through reaction of functionalized substrates. Innert perfluorocyclic ethers are obtained from substrate ethers or acid fluorides. All types of amines perfluorinate but only perfluorotertiary amines are inert. Divalent organo-sulfur compounds afford inert perfluorinated products with sulfur in the hexavalent state. Sulfonyl fluorides give perfluorosulfonyl fluorides which can be pyrolytically coupled producing perfluoroalkanes. The Schoniger combustion method and neutron activation are described as analytical means for determining fluorine content.