gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Studies toward the Kempane Diterpenes:  Preparation of the Ring System (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthetic Studies toward the Kempane Diterpenes: Preparation of the Ring SystemChunjian Liu and D. Jean BurnellView Author Information Department of Chemistry Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 40, 9584–9585Publication Date (Web):October 8, 1997Publication History Received29 May 1997Published online8 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja971769nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja971769nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views716Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Enones,Ketones,Organic synthesis,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and in vitro activity of various derivatives of a novel thromboxane receptor antagonist, (.+-.)-(5Z)-7-[3-endo[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-exo-yl]heptenoic acid (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and in vitro activity of various derivatives of a novel thromboxane receptor antagonist, (.+-.)-(5Z)-7-[3-endo[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-exo-yl]heptenoic acidMasayuki Narisada, Mitsuaki Ohtani, Fumihiko Watanabe, Kiyohisa Uchida, Hitoshi Arita, Masami Doteuchi, Koji Hanasaki, Hisato Kakushi, Koichi Otani, and Seijiro HaraCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1988, 31, 9, 1847–1854Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00117a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00117a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views374Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MOSFET channel length: extraction and interpretation (2000)

This paper focuses on MOSFET channel length: its definition, extraction, and physical interpretation. After a brief review of the objectives of channel length extraction and previous extraction methods, the principle and the algorithm of the latest "shift and ratio" (S&R) method are described. The S&R method allows the channel mobility to be an arbitrary function of gate voltage and, at the same time, provides a way to determine the threshold voltage of short-channel devices independent of their parasitic resistances. Accurate and consistent results are obtained from nMOSFET and pMOSFET data down to 0.05 /spl mu/m channel length. By applying the S&R method to model generated current-voltage (I-V) curves, it is shown that the extracted channel length should be interpreted in terms of the injection points where the MOSFET current spreads from the surface layer into the bulk source-drain region. This implies significant degradation of short-channel effects (SCE's) if the lateral source-drain doping gradient is not abrupt enough. Several remaining issues, including errors due to channel-length-dependent mobilities, difficulties with lightly-doped drain (LDD) MOSFET's, and interpretation of capacitance-voltage (C-V) extracted channel lengths, are discussed.
A comparison of the economic development policies of county, metropolitan and non-metropolitan district councils (1994)

Abstract Local authorities in England and Wales have become important participants in economic development policy. This paper draws upon a comprehensive new date set covering the activities of the councils in the period 1990–92. The date set is unusual in that it allows the direct comparison of the activities of the three main groups of councils: county councils, metropolitan districts and non-metropolitan districts. The paper contrasts the degree of commitment to economic development policy and the range of initiatives of the three categories, and compares the manner in which the three types of councils package their initiatives in order to develop conherent strategies. The analysis reveals significant differences between the categories of councils and shows that despite the rapid spread of economic development policy amongst councils in more prosperous areas during the 1980s, the policies operated still depend on the economic and political characteristics of the councils.
The rolling of metal belts (1973)

SUMMARY A now method of producing thin-walled seamless metal belts is discussed. The method incorporates the principles of float-rolling (CBS rolling), whereby metal strip is pinched between a small diameter floating roll and two large diameter back-up rolls which rotate with different peripheral speeds. Whereas in conventional rolling reduction may be controlled by regulating the roll gap opening, in float-rolling reduction is insensitive to changes in roll gap opening and is controlled instead by varying the speed differential between the two back-up rolls. In this report, the relationships between reduction and roll speeds, roll gap opening, and strip tension are described, and some observations of rolling loads and torques are reported. Several problems associated with the production of belts by the float-rolling method are also discussed.
Measurement of switching transients in 735 kV substations and assessment of their severity for transformer insulation (1988)

An automatic measuring system that digitally records transients generated by EHV-transmission-system switching operations and lightning strokes has been developed. The severity of these transients was assessed by comparing them with test voltages applied to the transformers during acceptance tests. In order to quantify in-service transients with respect to the impulse-test voltages, the frequency spectra of the time-domain records were calculated and expressed as a percentage of the test level. The presence of high-frequency winding oscillations was revealed by simultaneous measurements of the bushing voltage and neutral current. The results of these measurements are presented in the form of a transfer function, which can also be used to detect winding displacements in service.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Construction and in vitro evaluation of a recombinant live attenuated PRRSV expressing GM-CSF (2014)

Our results indicated that the expression of GM-CSF during infection with a vaccine strain could enhance the activation of BMDCs and increase cytokine response, which is expected to result in higher immune responses and may improve vaccine efficacy against PRRSV infection.
Isolation and characterization of glutathione biosynthesis-deficient mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1990)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae YNN27 (MATα. trp1 ura3 gal2) was mutagenized with ethyl methanesulfonate to isolate mutants deficient in glutathione biosynthesis. After mutants sensitive to 6.5 mM methylglyoxal were screened for, 12 glutathione biosynthesis-deficient mutants were isolated. Complementation tests found that the 12 mutants were classified into two different classes (YH1, YL1), and that each mutant was recessive and had a single mutation in glutathione biosynthesis. The growth of both strains in minimal medium was slower than that of the parent strain and was restored to the wild type level by supplementation with glutathione. They were also more sensitive to some chemicals such as thiol-reactive agents and metal-chelating agents than the parent strain. The mutant strain YL1 lacked activity of glutathione synthetase, while the deficiencies in γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase in mutant strains YH1 and YL1 were equivocal because the activity of the parent strain was very weak. However, supplementation with glutathione component amino acids and γ-glutamylcysteine to the medium showed that strain YH1, but not YL1, was deficient in γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase.
RNA Polymerase Mutation Activates the Production of a Dormant Antibiotic 3,3′-Neotrehalosadiamine via an Autoinduction Mechanism in Bacillus subtilis (2004)

Bacillus and Streptomyces species possess the ability to produce a variety of commercially important metabolites and extracellular enzymes. We previously demonstrated that antibiotic production in Streptomyces coeli-color A3(2) and Streptomyces lividans can be enhanced by RNA polymerase (RNAP) mutations selected for the rifampicin-resistant (Rif(r)) phenotype. Here, we have shown that the introduction of a certain Rif(r) rpoB mutation into a B. subtilis strain resulted in cells that overproduce an aminosugar antibiotic 3,3'-neotrehalosadiamine (NTD), the production of which is dormant in the wild-type strain. Mutational and recombinant gene expression analyses have revealed a polycistronic gene ntdABC (formally yhjLKJ) and a monocistronic gene ntdR (formally yhjM) as the NTD biosynthesis operon and a positive regulator for ntdABC, respectively. Analysis of transcriptional fusions to a lacZ reporter revealed that NTD acts as an autoinducer for its own biosynthesis genes via NtdR protein. Our results also showed that the Rif(r) rpoB mutation causes an increase in the activity of sigma(A)-dependent promoters including ntdABC promoter. Therefore, we propose that unlike the wild-type RNAP, the mutant RNAP efficiently recognized the sigma(A)-dependent promoters, resulting in the dramatic activation of the NTD biosynthesis pathway by an autoinduction mechanism.
1.2 Gbit/s, 218 km transmission experiment using inline Er-doped optical fibre amplifier (1989)

The first optical fibre transmission experiment using an Erdoped optical fibre amplifier as an optical repeater is reported. With an optical repeater gain of 20 dB, 1.2 Gbit/s intensity-modulated optical signals were transmitted along a 218 km dispersion-shifted optical fibre without any optical filters and without any degradation.
Circulating hydroxy fatty acids in familial Mediterranean fever. (1985)

Episodes of fever, serositis, and arthritis in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) suggested circulating mediators of acute inflammation (e.g., neutrophil activation). The mean serum neutrophil-aggregating activity of 51 FMF patients was 2.5 +/- 0.2 cm2/min, compared to 1.0 +/- 0.1 cm2/min in 20 normal controls (P less than 0.0002). Lipid extracts of FMF sera retained neutrophil-aggregating activity and had UV absorbance peaks at 269 and 279 nm, indicating the presence of lipids with a conjugated triene structure. Chromatography of extracts yielded peaks that were coeluted with reference dihydroxyicosatetraenoic acids, had UV absorbance peaks at 259, 269, and 279 nm, and possessed neutrophil-aggregating activity. The presence of leukotriene B4 was excluded by chromatography following methyl-esterification. Monohydroxy compounds identified in FMF extracts by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry included 5-hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid, and 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids. Hydroxy acids were present in 19 of 31 FMF sera and absent in extracts of sera from 8 patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus, 7 with fever from infection, and 12 normal controls. The finding of circulating mono- and dihydroxy fatty acids in FMF suggests that defects in the formation or elimination of these compounds might play a role in the pathogenesis of FMF.
Dynamic regulation of PU.1 expression in multipotent hematopoietic progenitors (2005)

PU.1 is an Ets family transcription factor that is essential for fetal liver hematopoiesis. We have generated a PU.1(gfp) reporter strain that allowed us to examine the expression of PU.1 in all hematopoietic cell lineages and their early progenitors. Within the bone marrow progenitor compartment, PU.1 is highly expressed in the hematopoietic stem cell, the common lymphoid progenitor, and a proportion of common myeloid progenitors (CMPs). Based on Flt3 and PU.1 expression, the CMP could be divided into three subpopulations, Flt3(+) PU.1(hi), Flt3(-) PU.1(hi), and Flt3(-) PU.1(lo) CMPs. Colony-forming assays and in vivo lineage reconstitution demonstrated that the Flt3(+) PU.1(hi) and Flt3(-) PU.1(hi) CMPs were efficient precursors for granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMPs), whereas the Flt3(-) PU.1(lo) CMPs were highly enriched for committed megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs). CMPs have been shown to rapidly differentiate into GMPs and MEPs in vitro. Interestingly, short-term culture revealed that the Flt3(+) PU.1(hi) and Flt3(-) PU.1(hi) CMPs rapidly became CD16/32(high) (reminiscent of GMPs) in culture, whereas the Flt3(-) PU.1(lo) CMPs were the immediate precursors of the MEP. Thus, down-regulation of PU.1 expression in the CMP is the first molecularly identified event associated with the restriction of differentiation to erythroid and megakaryocyte lineages.
The Single Model Principle (2001)

Modelling languages such as UML are increasingly used to describe software systems at different levels of abstraction. There are two very different ways of using such languages. One approach is based on the manifestation of a single model, with construction of different views from this model, and with automatic or semi-automatic consistency checking among these views. This follows what we term the single model principle. The second approach (of which unrestricted UML is an example) is based on the independent construction of multiple models of the same system, but with no guarantee of the consistency of the various models. We propose that to best support seamless, reversible software development of reliable software, it is preferable to follow the single model principle for a specific subset of development tasks. We describe the single model principle and its supporting infrastructure. We show how the BON/Eiffel description language, which supports both high-level abstract specifications as well as code implementations can be enhanced to satisfy the essential tenets of the single model principle, both for static and
Neutralization of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>toxin A using antibody combinations (2010)

The pathogenicity of Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is mediated by the release of two toxins, A and B. Both toxins contain large clusters of repeats known as cell wall binding (CWB) domains responsible for binding epithelial cell surfaces. Several murine monoclonal antibodies were generated against the CWB domain of toxin A and screened for their ability to neutralize the toxin individually and in combination. Three antibodies capable of neutralizing toxin A all recognized multiple sites on toxin A, suggesting that the extent of surface coverage may contribute to neutralization. Combination of two noncompeting antibodies, denoted 3358 and 3359, enhanced toxin A neutralization over saturating levels of single antibodies. Antibody 3358 increased the level of detectable CWB domain on the surface of cells, while 3359 inhibited CWB domain cell surface association. These results suggest that antibody combinations that cover a broader epitope space on the CWB repeat domains of toxin A (and potentially toxin B) and utilize multiple mechanisms to reduce toxin internalization may provide enhanced protection against C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
Clot-Selective Coronary Thrombolysis with Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator (1983)

Coronary thrombolysis, an intervention that can abort the sequelae of acute myocardial infarction, was accomplished within 10 minutes in dogs by intravenous administration of clot-selective, tissue-type plasminogen activator. In addition to inducing clot lysis, this promising fibrinolytic agent restored intermediary metabolism and nutritional myocardial blood flow, detectable noninvasively with positron tomography, without inducing a systemic fibrinolytic state.
Reactions of 5,6-chrysenequinodimethane (1967)

The 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dimethylchrysene-5,6-diol obtained from 5,6-chrysenequinone and methylmagnesium iodide is shown to be a trans-racemic form. The diol can be thermally dehydrate to give 5,6-chrysenequinodimethane; Diels–Alder reaction of this with maleic anhydride and with 1,4-naphthaquinone gives derivatives of benzo[g]-chrysene and benzo[c]naphtho[1,2-a]naphthacene, respectively, from which the parent hydrocarbons have been obtained.The reaction of the diol with methanolic hydrogen chloride at 0° has been studied; it gives 6-chloromethyl-5-methylchrysene and 12-chloro-5,6-dimethylchrysene. The mechanism of this reaction and the proton magnetic resonance spectra of several chrysene derivatives are discussed.
Advances in frequency-domain flourometry; gigahertz instrumentation; time-dependent photo migration and flourescence lifetime imaging (1992)

During the past seven years, there have been remarkable advances in the frequency—domain method for measurement of time—resolved emission or light scattering. In this presentation we describe the recent extension of the frequency range to 10 GHz using a specially designed microchannel plate PMT. Experimental data will be shown for measurement of picosecond rotational diffusion and for sub—picosecond resolution of time delays. The resolution of PS to ns timescale processes is not obtained at the expense of sensitivity, or is shown by measurements on the intrinsic tryptophan emission from hemoglobin. We also describe a time—resolved reflectance imaging experiment on a scattering medium containing an absorbing object. Time—resolved imaging of the back—scattered light is realized by means of a RF—phase—sensitive camera, synchronized to the laser pulses. By processing the stored images, a final image can be created, the contrast of which is based only on time differences of the back—scattered photons. This image reveals the presence and position of the absorber within the scattering medium. And finally, we describe a new methodology, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) , in which the contrast depends on the fluorescence lifetime at each point in a two—dimensional image, and not the local concentration and/or intensity of the fluorophore. We used FLIM to create lifetime images of NADH when free in solution and when bound to malate dehydrogenase. FLIM has numerous potential applications in cell biology and imaging.
Two endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) systems for the novel variant of the mutant dysferlin: ubiquitin/proteasome ERAD(I) and autophagy/lysosome ERAD(II) (2007)

Dysferlin is a type-II transmembrane protein and the causative gene of limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B and Miyoshi myopathy (LGMD2B/MM), in which specific loss of dysferlin labeling has been frequently observed. Recently, a novel mutant (L1341P) dysferlin has been shown to aggregate in the muscle of the patient. Little is known about the relationship between degradation of dysferlin and pathogenesis of LGMD2B/MM. Here, we examined the degradation of normal and mutant (L1341P) dysferlin. Wild-type (wt) dysferlin mainly localized to the ER/Golgi, associated with retrotranslocon, Sec61alpha, and VCP(p97), and was degraded by endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation system (ERAD) composed of ubiquitin/proteasome. In contrast, mutant dysferlin spontaneously aggregated in the ER and induced eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) phosphorylation and LC3 conversion, a key step for autophagosome formation, and finally, ER stress cell death. Unlike proteasome inhibitor, E64d/pepstatin A, inhibitors of lysosomal proteases did not stimulate the accumulation of the wt-dysferlin, but stimulated aggregation of mutant dysferlin in the ER. Furthermore, deficiency of Atg5 and dephosphorylation of eIF2alpha, key molecules for LC3 conversion, also stimulated the mutant dysferlin aggregation in the ER. Rapamycin, which induces eIF2alpha phosphorylation-mediated LC3 conversion, inhibited mutant dysferlin aggregation in the ER. Thus, mutant dysferlin aggregates in the ER-stimulated autophagosome formation to engulf them via activation of ER stress-eIF2alpha phosphorylation pathway. We propose two ERAD models for dysferlin degradation, ubiquitin/proteasome ERAD(I) and autophagy/lysosome ERAD(II). Mutant dysferlin aggregates on the ER are degraded by the autophagy/lysosome ERAD(II), as an alternative to ERAD(I), when retrotranslocon/ERAD(I) system is impaired by these mutant aggregates.
The influence of Na on the growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layers for thin film solar cells (1999)

This thesis consider aspects concerning the transport, distribution and incorporation of Na in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers for thin film solar cells. The influence of Na on the growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layers has been studied, as well as the influence on the device performance. In particular, the relationship between the oxygen content in the Mo back contact and the Na transport properties has been investigated. Na is supplied by out diffusion from the soda lime glass substrate through the Mo back contact, or by deposition of an Na precursor onto the Mo film prior to the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 growth. All investigated Na precursor compounds, Na2Se, Na2S and NaF, have resulted in high quality devices. The effect of Na on the microstructure and crystal quality of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layers has been studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction. The Na transport properties have been investigated by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. It has been found that the presence of MO oxide phases in the MO back contact is necessary for the Na transport through the Mo film if Na is supplied from the soda lime glass. Na has beneficial effects on both the structural properties of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layer, yielding large grains and a flat surface, and on the electrical properties. The main influence of Na is a substantial increase in device efficiency compared to devices fabricated without Na. In order to obtain these beneficial effects a minimal quantity of Na is necessary, but the system is tolerant to excess Na. Both out-diffusion from the soda lime glass as well as Na precursors can supply the required Na concentrations.