gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal diffusion, interfacial thermal barrier, and ultrasonic propagation in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>thin films: Surface-selective transient-grating experiments (1992)

The application of interface-selective transient grating experiments to the measurement of anisotropic thermal diffusion constants in thin films of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ (Y-Ba-Cu-O) is reported. The 50--350-nm-thick Y-Ba-Cu-O films, grown on MgO(100) substrates, are studied using four experimental grating geometries. These provide a measurement of the time-dependent heat flow in the regions adjacent to the Y-Ba-Cu-O/MgO interface, the free film surface, and the bulk of the film. Measurements yield a detailed understanding of the flow of heat from the film into the substrate as well as the direction-dependent diffusion constants. A temperature-dependent thermal barrier that significantly restricts heat transfer from the film into the substrate is observed and quantified. The rate of flow through Y-Ba-Cu-O/MgO interface is \ensuremath{\sim}100 times less than the rate of flow in the Y-Ba-Cu-O film. The anisotropic diffusion constants inside the film have been measured in the 17--300-K temperature range, and the values are found to be similar to those obtained using conventional techniques on bulk samples. The frequency, wave vector, and acoustic damping rate of high-frequency (>1-GHz) acoustic waves are measured in the same films.
Optimal location of electric vehicle charging stations using genetic algorithm (2015)

In this paper, we investigate the optimal location of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. As one of the crucial infrastructures of EV, electric charging stations must be widely deployed to meet the growing needs of EV. In this study, we propose a locating method of charging station when considering economics, capacity, coverage and convenience. In order to solve the locating problem, an optimization model for charging stations location is established first, which minimizes the investment cost and transportation cost, meanwhile, the constraints of capacity, coverage and convenience should be satisfied simultaneously. Then, an improved genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to solve the optimization problem. The simulation results indicate that the proposed locating method is effective and practical.
Measurements of Plasma Controlled by Compressed Magnetic Field Magnetron Sputtering Technique (1993)

Measurements of the electron density of plasma and the magnetic field were carried out in a compressed magnetic field-magnetron sputtering system using a non-ferromagnetic material target. The electron density has its maximum in the region where the lines of magnetic force are parallel to the target surface, where the peak of erosion profile is observed. It was found that the peak position of the profiles of electron density and erosion could be controlled using this system.
An alternative view of relationship marketing: a framework for ethical analysis (1996)

Abstract At present, a continuing widespread debate on the moral nature of business is widely recognized. However, it seems that the ethical evaluation of business practices is not very common in the area of relationship marketing. Analyses relationship marketing from the viewpoint of ethical theories. The theories applied are deontology, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and emotivism. Reviews and analyses studies on relationship marketing issues in order to construct a framework for the ethical analysis of relationship marketing principles. Finally presents a framework for ethical analysis in the form of a constructive solution. Includes a model or code of business ethics for relationship marketers. The code will help make relationship marketing practices ethically longer lasting and, in this way, make the practices also more competitive and profitable.
The tungsten bronzes and related compounds (1968)

P. G. Dickens and M. S. Whittingham, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1968, 22, 30 DOI: 10.1039/QR9682200030
Conformational Study on 2-Acyl-1-alkylidene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (1996)

Abstract The title enamide compounds can exist in either a sickle or U conformation with respect to the C=C–N–C=O conjugated moiety, where the sickle form is greatly favored. The sickle rotamers are chiral in nature in both solution and crystalline states, as proved by 1H NMR and a single-crystal X-ray analyses. The molecular distortion from the standard structure occurs in such a way as to retain the amide planarity, indicating a higher significance of the orbital interaction compared to the overlapping. The pathway and interconversion rate between the rotational stereoisomers are highly dependent on the nature of the 1-alkylidene and N-acyl groups. The energy barrier for the stereomutation of (Z)-2-(p-bromobenzoyl)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylmethylene)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline has been determined by a lineshape analysis of the 1H NMR spectra.
Optimized View Frustum Culling Algorithms for Bounding Boxes (2000)

Abstract This paper presents optimizations for faster view frustum culling (VFC) for axis-aligned bounding box (AABB) and oriented bounding box (OBB) hierarchies. We exploit frame-to-frame coherency by caching and by comparing against previous distances and rotation angles. By using an octant test, we potentially halve the number of plane tests needed, and we also evaluate masking, which is a well-known technique. The optimizations can be used for arbitrary bounding volumes, but we present only results for AABBs and OBBs. In particular, we provide solutions which are 2-11 times faster than other VFC algorithms for AABBs and OBBs, depending on the circumstances.
Industry-Wide Disclosure Dynamics (1995)

Voluntary disclosures by some firms seem to provoke other firms to make related disclosures. After Citibank announced the extent to which its Third World loans were in default, many other money center banks did likewise.' After Chambers Development took a write-off for their waste disposal arrangements, many other waste management firms did too.2 Several insurance companies successively disclosed their potential liability from hurricanes Hugo3 and Andrew,4 and the Los Angeles earthquakes.5 Besides having disclosures that occur in herds, there appears to be another characteristic common to each of these examples: the disclosures were motivated by managers' attempt to influence the financial market's assessment of the firms' values, rather than the product market behavior of other firms. In this paper, we propose a theory to explain such disclosure dynamics, when each firm selects a disclosure policy to maximize its expected price at each point in time, while taking into account that other firms behave similarly.
Yeast Respond to Hypotonic Shock with a Calcium Pulse (1996)

We have used the transgenic AEQUORIN calcium reporter system to monitor the cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to hypotonic shock. Such a shock generates an almost immediate and transient rise in [Ca2+]cyt which is eliminated by gadolinium, a blocker of stretch-activated channels. In addition, this transient rise in [Ca2+]cyt is initially insensitive to 1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), an extracellular calcium chelator. However, BAPTA abruptly attenuates the maintenance of that transient rise. These data show that hypotonic shock generates a stretch-activated channel-dependent calcium pulse in yeast. They also suggest that the immediate calcium influx is primarily generated from intracellular stores, and that a sustained increase in [Ca2+]cyt depends upon extracellular calcium.
Body mass, composition, and food intake in rabbits during altered acceleration fields (1978)

The effects of gravitational loading and unloading on body mass, body composition, and food intake were investigated in chronically accelerated adult male rabbits. The intensity of the acceleration field was increased by 0.25-G increments at intervals that permitted stabilization of body mass and food intake to a maximal field of 2.5 G. Control rabbits of the same age were maintained at Earth gravity under the same conditions of light and temperature. A negative rectilinear relationship was observed between body mass and the intensity of acceleration field. In spite of this, the decreased body mass appeared to be regulated, since centrifuged animals readily regained their lost body mass upon realimentation after a 3-day fast. At acceleration intensities above 1.75 G, ad libitum food intakes as well as maintenance food requirements increased with increasing acceleration fields despite a corresponding reduction in body mass. Analysis of body composition indicated a significant decrease in body fat and an increase in body water in animals adapted to a 2.5-G environment. Within 6 wk after the animals were returned from 2.5 G to Earth gravity, body mass and food intakes returned to the precentrifuged levels of corresponding control animals.
Azobenzene Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer for Optical Switching of Grating Waveguide Couplers with a Flat Surface (2007)

Abstract Grating waveguide couplers with a flat surface were fabricated in an azobenzene liquid‐crystalline polymer film by holographic lithography using Ar + laser beams at 488 nm. When a probe beam at 633 nm was incident to one grating of a grating waveguide coupler, the beam propagated in the waveguide and an output beam came out from the other grating with the throughput coupling efficiency of ≈5%. Upon irradiation of the film between two gratings with UV light to cause trans – cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety, the intensity of the output beam was repeatedly switched. It was found that the alternating irradiation at 366 and 436 nm induced reversible changes in the intensity of the guided probe beam. magnified image
MAP Visibility Estimation for Large-Scale Dynamic 3D Reconstruction (2014)

Many traditional challenges in reconstructing 3D motion, such as matching across wide baselines and handling occlusion, reduce in significance as the number of unique viewpoints increases. However, to obtain this benefit, a new challenge arises: estimating precisely which cameras observe which points at each instant in time. We present a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate of the time-varying visibility of the target points to reconstruct the 3D motion of an event from a large number of cameras. Our algorithm takes, as input, camera poses and image sequences, and outputs the time-varying set of the cameras in which a target patch is visible and its reconstructed trajectory. We model visibility estimation as a MAP estimate by incorporating various cues including photometric consistency, motion consistency, and geometric consistency, in conjunction with a prior that rewards consistent visibilities in proximal cameras. An optimal estimate of visibility is obtained by finding the minimum cut of a capacitated graph over cameras. We demonstrate that our method estimates visibility with greater accuracy, and increases tracking performance producing longer trajectories, at more locations, and at higher accuracies than methods that ignore visibility or use photometric consistency alone.
<i>In Vivo</i> Study of the Inflammatory Modulating Effects of Low‐level Laser Therapy on iNOS Expression Using Bioluminescence Imaging (2005)

This study was designed to demonstrate that bioluminescence imaging (BLI) can be used as a new tool to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) during in vivo inflammatory process. Here, the efficacy of LLLT in modulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression using different therapeutic wavelengths was determined using transgenic animals with the luciferase gene under control of the iNOS gene expression. Thirty transgenic mice, FVB/N-Tg(iNOS-luc)Xen, were allocated randomly to one of four experimental groups treated with different wavelengths (lambda = 635, 785, 808 and 905 nm) or a control group (nontreated). Inflammation was induced by intra-articular injection of zymosan A in both knee joints. Laser treatment (25 mW cm(-2), 200 s, 5 J cm(-2)) was applied to the knees 15 min after inflammation induction. Measurements of iNOS expression were performed at various times (0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 24 h) by measuring the bioluminescence signal using a highly sensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The results showed a significant increase in BLI signal after irradiation with 635 nm laser when compared to the nonirradiated animals and the other LLLT-treated groups, indicating wavelength dependence of LLLT effects on iNOS expression during the inflammatory process, and thus demonstrating an action spectrum of iNOS gene expression following LLLT in vivo that can be detected by BLI. Histological analysis was also performed and demonstrated the presence of fewer inflammatory cells in the synovial joints of mice irradiated with 635 nm compared with nonirradiated knee joints.
RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH USING SOCIO‐ECONOMIC EVALUATION AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS* (1975)

A Resource Allocation System for Agricultural Research (RASAR) was developed [40] as a framework (a) to provide adequate criteria for resource allocation decisions, !(b) to guide the assessment of research, and (c) to effectively use mathematical models to generate decision‐aiding information. RASAR was conceptualized as an iterative system for selecting a portfolio of research projects such that the research outputs would provide society with the potential power to change the agricultural system in ways that are expected to bring about the greatest improvement in social welfare. The ultimate goal of agricultural research was tentatively identified as having nine dimensions in three broad categories: Consumption category–(1) Quantity, (2) Quality, (3) Availability; Security category–{4) Human Safety, (5) Economic Defense, (6) Food Sources Security, (7) Conservation; Equity category–(8) Distribution, (9) Individual Rights. Subsystems within RASAR for generating socio‐economic data relating to these dimensions were specified and demonstrated with case study research projects. A mathematical programming model for assimilating the complexity of criteria and data into a form which is readily usable for decision making was developed and evaluated. Un système ď allocation des fonds pour les recherches agronomiques (SAFRA) a été développé [40] comme un cadre de travail (a) pour fournir les critères nécessaircs pour décisions en matière ď allocation de fonds, (b) pour guider la répartion des recherches, el (c) pour employés efficacement des modèles mathématiques pour engendrer des informations pour aider les décisions. On a conçu le SAFRA comme système itératif pouvant être utilisé pour la sélection ď un portejeuille de projets de recherche tel que le rendement pourraient fournir avec une force potentielle à la société le possibilityé de changer le système agricole dans le sens qui permettrait la plus grande amélioration du bien‐être social. Le but final de la recherche agronomique a été défini expérimentalement comme ayant nef dimensions dans trois grandes catégories: Catégorie de la consommation–(1) qitantilé, (2) qualityé, (3) disponibilité; Catégorie de la sécurité–(4) sécurité de ľ homme, (5) défense économique, (6) sécurité des ressources alimentaires, (7) conservation; Catégorie ďéquite–(8) distribution, (9) droits de ľ individu. Pour fournir les données socio‐économiques sc rapportant à ces dimensions, des sous‐systèmes out étéétablis an sein du SAFRA et ils out été démontré sur la base ď une étude de projets de recherche. On a également développé et évalué un modèle mathématique de programmation pour assimiler la complexité des critères et des données sous une forme qui pent être facilement utilisée pour la prise de décisions.
In vivo restriction by LlaI is encoded by three genes, arranged in an operon with llaIM, on the conjugative Lactococcus plasmid pTR2030 (1995)

The LlaI restriction and modification (R/M) system is encoded on pTR2030, a 46.2-kb conjugative plasmid from Lactococcus lactis. The llaI methylase gene, sequenced previously, encodes a functional type IIS methylase and is located approximately 5 kb upstream from the abiA gene, encoding abortive phage resistance. In this study, the sequence of the region between llaIM and abiA was determined and revealed four consecutive open reading frames (ORFs). Northern (RNA) analysis showed that the four ORFs were part of a 7-kb operon with llaIM and the downstream abiA gene on a separate transcriptional unit. The deduced protein sequence of ORF2 revealed a P-loop consensus motif for ATP/GTP-binding sites and a three-part consensus motif for GTP-binding proteins. Data bank searches with the deduced protein sequences for all four ORFs revealed no homology except for ORF2 with MerB, in three regions that coincided with the GTP-binding motifs in both proteins. To phenotypically analyze the llaI operon, a 9.0-kb fragment was cloned into a high-copy-number lactococcal shuttle vector, pTRKH2. The resulting construct, pTRK370, exhibited a significantly higher level of in vivo restriction and modification in L. lactis NCK203 than the low-copy-number parental plasmid, pTR2030. A combination of deletion constructions and frameshift mutations indicated that the first three ORFs were involved in LlaI restriction, and they were therefore designated llaI.1, llaI.2, and llaI.3. Mutating llaI.1 completely abolished restriction, while disrupting llaI.2 or llaI.3 allowed an inefficient restriction of phage DNA to occur, manifested primarily by a variable plaque phenotype. ORF4 had no discernible effect on in vivo restriction. A frameshift mutation in llaIM proved lethal to L. lactis NCK203, implying that the restriction component was active without the modification subunit. These results suggested that the LlaI R/M system is unlike any other R/M system studied to date and has diverged from the type IIS class of restriction enzymes by acquiring some characteristics reminiscent of type I enzymes.
THE MORPHOLOGICAL APPROACH: ITS ROLE IN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ITS APPLICATION TO SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION (1994)

Abstract This paper discusses the morphological approach, a methodology first proposed by (Zwicky 1969) and shows how this approach would enhance the systems engineering process. The morphological approach determines the requirements and design solutions of any system by considering the totality of all solutions. Examples of solar energy conversion studies conducted at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace (MDA) are shown to illustrate the approach. The morphological approach is a key ingredient in first‐order systems engineering (FOSE), the combination of which allows the analyst to examine all possible options at minimum cost before the design phase is initiated. Hence, it is recommended that the morphological approach, along with FOSE, be incorporated as integral parts of the SE process.
Mira Variables: Theory versus Observation (1995)

Abstract The identification of the mode of pulsation of Mira variables remains a major problem. Recent angular diameter measurements of solar neighbourhood Miras suggest large radii consistent with first overtone pulsation. On the other hand, the pulsation velocity amplitudes of Mira variables point to fundamental mode pulsation. There is some marginal evidence from multiple modes in Miras that the prime pulsation mode is the first overtone, while distinct (K,logP) sequences in the Magellanic Clouds point to the Miras being fundamental mode pulsators. The above confusing evidence is presented and discussed. Finally, the (K,logP) relations in the SMC and LMC are compared in order to determine if there is any metallicity dependence.
Influence of Cr and Fe on Formation of α‐Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> from γ‐Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1974)

The effect of Cr and Fe in solid solution in γ‐Al 2 O 3 on its rate of conversion to α‐Al 2 O 3 at 1100°C was studied by X‐ray diffraction. The δ form of Al 2 O 3 was the principal intermediate phase produced from both pure γ‐Al 2 O 3 and that containing Fe 3+ in solid solution, although addition of Fe greatly reduced crystallinity. Reflectance spectra and magnetic susceptibilities showed that Cr exists as Cr 6+ in γ‐Al 2 O 3 and as Cr 3+ in α‐Al 2 O 3 , with θ‐Al 2 O 3 as the intermediate phase. The intermediates formed rapidly, and the rates of their conversion to α‐Al 2 O 3 were increased by 2 and 5 wt% additions of Fe and decreased by 2 and 4 wt% additions of Cr. An approximately linear relation observed between α‐Al 2 O 3 formation and decrease in specific surface area was only slightly affected by the added ions. This relation can be explained by a mechanism in which the sintering of δ‐ or θ‐Al 2 O 3 , within the aggregates of their crystallites, is closely coupled with conversion of cubic to hexagonal close packing of O 2‐ ions by synchro‐shear.
Adaptive playout for low latency video streaming (2002)

Network variations in video streaming require sufficient data to be prebuffered at the client prior to playout. This receiver buffer prevents the display process from starvation in case of network congestion. Prebuffering, however, is also responsible for the major part of the delay between requesting a media stream and playing it at the receiver. We show how adaptive media playout can be employed to reduce the delay introduced by the receiver buffer while preserving the same resilience against buffer underflow as in non-adaptive media playout. For adaptive media playout we adjust the playout speed of the media packets depending on the condition of the channel and the current client buffer fullness. We employ a two-state Markov channel model to analyze the buffer underflow-delay trade-off for our adaptive playout strategy and show that for typical parameters the average end-to-end delay can be reduced by 1 to 2 seconds.
Feature-based Sentiment Analysis on Android App Reviews Using SAS® Text Miner and SAS® Sentiment Analysis Studio (2013)

Sentiment analysis is a popular technique for summarizing and analyzing consumers ’ textual reviews about products and services. There are two major approaches for performing sentiment analysis; statistical model based approaches and Natural Language Processing (NLP) based approaches to create rules. In this study, we first apply text mining to summarize users ’ reviews of Android Apps and extract features of the apps mentioned in the reviews. We then use NLP approach for writing rules. We use reviews of two recent apps; a widget app from Brain &amp; Puzzle category and a game app from Personalization category. We extracted six hundred textual reviews for each app from Google Play Android App Store. SAS ® Enterprise Miner TM 7.1 is used for summarizing reviews and pulling out features, and SAS ® Sentiment Analysis Studio 12.1 is used for performing sentiment analysis. Our results show that for both apps, carefully designed NLP rule-based models outperform the default statistical models in SAS ® Sentiment Analysis Studio 12.1 for predicting sentiments in test data. NLP rule based models also provide deeper insights than statistical models in understanding consumers ’ sentiments.