gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Plants and Soil as a Reservoir for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1974)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 24% of the soil samples but in only 0.13% of the vegetable samples from various agricultural areas of California. The distribution of pyocin types of soil and vegetable isolates was similar to that of clinical strains, and three of the soil isolates were resistant to carbenicillin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiplied in lettuce and bean under conditions of high temperature and high relative humidity (27 C and 80-95% relative humidity) but declined when the temperature and humidity were lowered (16 C, 55-75% relative humidity). The results suggest that soil is a reservior for P. aeruginosa and that the bacterium has the capacity to colonize plants during favorable conditions of temperature and moisture.
Basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor downmodulate the growth of hematopoietic cells in long‐term stromal cultures (1995)

The bone marrow microenvironment consists of stromal cells and extracellular matrix components which act in concert to regulate the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. There is little understanding of the mechanisms which modulate the regulatory role of stromal cells. This study examined the hypothesis that mesenchymal growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) modulate stromal cell activities and thereby influence the course of hematopoiesis. Both bFGF and EGF were potent mitogens for marrow stroma. However, both factors proved to be inhibitory to hematopoiesis in primary long-term marrow cultures. Inhibition was also observed when hematopoietic cells and bFGF or EGF were added to subconfluent irradiated stromal layers, demonstrating that the decline of hematopoiesis was not due to overgrowth of the stromal layer. Loss of hematopoietic support in bFGF and EGF was dose-dependent. Removal of bFGF and EGF permitted stromal layers to regain their normal capacity to support hematopoiesis. In stroma-free long-term cultures, neither factor affected CFU-GM expansion. Basic FGF slightly enhanced granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit (CFU-GM) cloning efficiency in short-term agarose culture. Basic FGF did not reduce the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), GM-CSF, or G-CSF released by steady state or IL-1-stimulated stroma. Similarly, the constitutive levels of steel factor (SF) mRNA and protein were not affected by bFGF. Basic FGF did not alter the level of TGF-beta 1 in stromal cultures. We conclude that bFGF and EGF can act as indirect negative modulators of hematopoietic growth in stromal cultures. The actual mediators of regulation, whether bound or soluble, remain to be identified.
Heterogeneity of human colony-forming cells (CFU-C): differences in size, rate of colony formation, and responsiveness to colony-stimulating factor. (1978)

Human bone marrow cells have been fractionated by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity. Fractions were analyzed for cell morphology, number of nucleated cells and myeloid colony-forming cells (CFU-C's). Colony formation was assayed with the following CSF preparations: serum-free HLCM and two electrophoretically distinct CSF fractions (CSF-A and CSF-B) purified from the same source. Two distinct CFU-C populations were found. One, a rapidly sedimenting (7.2 to 8.0 mm/hr), population exhibited colonies after 7 days of culture in response to HLCM and CSF-A only. The second, a more slowly sedimenting (6.5 mm/hr) CFU-C peak, did not exhibit colonies until 11 days of culture and did so in response to all three CSF's tested. The results indicate that human bone marrow CFU-C's are heterogeneous and that the two purified CSF fractions from human lung have different CFU-C specificity.
Combination vaccines for cattle (1996)

Multivalent vaccines are used commonly for the prevention of human and animal diseases. However, they should not be used in replacement of good hygiene or good management practices but only after careful considerations based on epidemiology, convenience, cost, difficulty of differential diagnosis, best interest of the animals and their owners. Combination vaccines on the market today have been tested for their safety and efficacy during their development, leading to a government license for sale. Any combination vaccine that passed the rigorous procedures of the EC directive 92/18 could be used with the same benefits as a monovalent product. Several biologicals are available in Europe to control bovine respiratory disease and neonatal diarrhea. The veterinarian should use her or his judgement in selecting the right product for a specific customer.
Genome-Wide Scan for Autism Susceptibility Genes (1999)

Family and twin studies have suggested a genetic component in autism. We performed a genome-wide screen with 264 microsatellites markers in 51 multiplex families, using non-parametric linkage methods. Families were recruited by a collaborative group including clinicians from Sweden, France, Norway, the USA, Italy, Austria and Belgium. Using two-point and multipoint affected sib-pair analyses, 11 regions gave nominal P -values of 0.05 or lower. Four of these regions overlapped with regions on chromosomes 2q, 7q, 16p and 19p identified by the first genome-wide scan of autism performed by the International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium. Another of our potential susceptibility regions overlapped with the 15q11-q13 region identified in previous candidate gene studies. Our study revealed six additional regions on chromosomes 4q, 5p, 6q, 10q, 18q and Xp. We found that the most significant multipoint linkage was close to marker D6S283 (maximum lod score = 2.23, P = 0.0013).
Translocation of protein kinase C during membrane immunoglobulin-mediated transmembrane signaling in B lymphocytes. (1986)

Previous studies have implicated a role for protein kinase C (PKC) in transmembrane signal transduction by B cell surface immunoglobulin (Ig). Specifically, the pharmacologic PKC activator phorbol myristate acetate mimics the biologic effects of mIg cross-linking ligands, and cross-linking of membrane Ig (mIg) induces polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis generating diacylglycerol, a potent activator of PKC. Studies described here additionally implicate PKC in mIg-mediated signaling by demonstrating rapid translocation of activatable PKC (PKCa) from cytosol to Triton-soluble membrane fractions after cross-linking of cell surface IgM or IgD. This response, which is also induced by phorbol myristate acetate and lipolysaccharide, is detectable within 1 min of mIg cross-linking and is followed within 4 min by additional translocation of PKCa to a Triton-insoluble particulate compartment. The ability of dbcAMP plus theophylline to inhibit polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis, PKCa translocation, and the B cell's subsequent biological response suggests that these events may be causally related.
Nox1 Redox Signaling Mediates Oncogenic Ras-induced Disruption of Stress Fibers and Focal Adhesions by Down-regulating Rho (2007)

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by Ras oncogene-induced NADPH oxidase (Nox) 1 is required for Ras transformation phenotypes including anchorage-independent growth, morphological transformation, and tumorigenesity, but the signaling mechanism downstream of Nox1 remains elusive. Rho is known to be a critical regulator of actin stress fiber formation. Nonetheless, Rho was reported to no longer couple to loss of actin stress fibers in Ras-transformed Swiss3T3 cells despite the elevation of Rho activity. In this study, however, we demonstrate that Rho is inactivated in K-Ras-transformed normal rat kidney cells, and that abrogation of Nox1-generated ROS by Nox1 small interference RNAs or diphenyleneiodonium restores Rho activation, suggesting that Nox1-generated oxidants mediate down-regulation of the Rho activity. This down-regulation involves oxidative inactivation of the low molecular weight protein-tyrosine phosphatase by Nox1-generated ROS and a subsequent elevation in the tyrosine-phosphorylated active form of p190RhoGAP, the direct target of the phosphatase. Furthermore, the decreased Rho activity leads to disruption of both actin stress fibers and focal adhesions in Ras-transformed cells. As for Rac1, Rac1 also appears to participate in the down-regulation of Rho via Nox1. Our discovery defines a mediating role of Nox1-redox signaling for Ras oncogene-induced actin cytoskeletal changes.
Mobile robot motion planning considering the motion uncertainty of moving obstacles (2003)

We propose a motion planning method for a mobile robot in the situation where there are both static and moving obstacles. If the robot cannot communicate with moving obstacles, it has to predict their future movement in order to plan the safe and efficient motion. Since such a prediction includes uncertainty, the proposed method explicitly considers the uncertainty in motion planning. We use a probabilistic model of the uncertainty and select the motion which minimizes the expected time of reaching the destination. We also utilize the knowledge of possible paths of moving obstacles, which is applicable to usual structured environments. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the method.
Co-expression of tumor antigens and their modulation by pleiotrophic modifiers enhance targeting of human monoclonal antibodies to pancreatic carcinoma (1999)

Cocktails of human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) have been used to increase the likelihood of identifying heterogeneous cancer cells. We utilized 3 HuMAbs termed SK-1, GM4, and GMA1, which recognized a 42-46 kDa two chain structure, a 57 kDa antigen, and the ganglioside GD3, respectively. An estimated two dozen cell lines were tested for the coexpression of these antigens and this was found to be present only on pancreatic carcinoma cell line, PANC-1; A 24 hr treatment of PANC-1 cells with interferon gamma (IFN gamma; 100 units), interferon beta (IFN beta; 1000 units), as well as interferon alpha (IFN alpha; 1000 units) resulted in roughly a four fold increase in the co-expression of the 42-46 kDa/GD3 antigens as well as the 42-46 kDa/57 kDa antigens. After a 4 day incubation the co-expression of these antigens progressed and IFN alpha treatment had the most pronounced effect, which was 8 fold higher than background for the 42-46 kDa/57 kDa antigens, whereas IFN beta resulted in a five fold antigen upregulation. The pronounced effect of vinblastine on the co-expression of the 42-46 kDa/GD3 antigens (4 fold on day 1 and, 10 fold on day 4) and 42-46 kDa/57 kDa antigens on PANC-1 (5 fold on day 1 and 7 fold over background on day 4) cells can be seen at concentrations as low as 10(-7)M. Colchicine and vincristine dramatically enhanced co-expression of these tumor antigens on day 4 but not on day 1 PANC-1 cells. The expression of these antigens was also found to be cell cycle dependent.
The Phosphoprotein StarD10 Is Overexpressed in Breast Cancer and Cooperates with ErbB Receptors in Cellular Transformation (2004)

We have identified that StarD10, a member of the START protein family, is overexpressed in both mouse and human breast tumors. StarD10 was initially discovered on the basis of its cross-reactivity with a phosphoserine-specific antibody in mammary tumors from Neu/ErbB2 transgenic mice and subsequently isolated from SKBR3 human breast carcinoma cells using a multistep biochemical purification strategy. We have shown that StarD10 is capable of binding lipids. StarD10 was found to be overexpressed in 35% of primary breast carcinomas and 64% of human breast cancer cell lines, correlating with their ErbB2/Her2 status. Coexpression of StarD10 with ErbB1/epidermal growth factor receptor in murine fibroblasts enhanced anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, providing evidence for functional cooperation between StarD10 and ErbB receptor signaling. Taken together, these data suggest that overexpression of this lipid-binding protein contributes to breast oncogenesis.
Kinetics of Pyrolytic Carbon Formation (2021)

In the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, both gas-phase and heterogeneous reactions occur simultaneously. The latter take place on the walls of reactors and result in the formation of different kinds of pyrolytic carbon (PyC). The initial rate of PyC formation depends on the surface nature. The kinetic model of PyC formation is based on experimental features of PyC growth and the main principles of the theory of the solid phase growth. This chapter provides the rate constants of PyC formation from a number of individual hydrocarbons. The influence of hydrogen on the PyC formation rate is of interest from two viewpoints: first, for the calculation of the rate of PyC formation from a mixture of gases containing hydrogen specifically, in various processes since hydrogen is always present in pyrolysis products; and second, for understanding the mechanism of the process. The effect of hydrogen inhibition has been studied most completely for methane.
Colloidal Quantum Dots Intraband Photodetectors (2014)

Photoconductivity is demonstrated with monodispersed HgSe colloidal quantum dots that are illuminated with radiation resonant with 1S(e)-1P(e) intraband electronic absorption, between 3 and 5 μm. A doping of two electrons per dot gives the lowest dark current, and a detectivity of 8.5 × 10(8) Jones is obtained at 80 K. Photoluminescence of the intraband transition is also observed. The detector properties are discussed in terms of the measured photoluminescence quantum yield, the electron mobility in the 1P(e) state, and the responsivity. The intraband photoresponse allows to fully harness the quantum confined states in colloidal nanostructures, extending the prior limited use of interband transition.
Treatment Monitoring by <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Sarcomas: Interobserver Variability of Quantitative Parameters in Treatment-Induced Changes in Histopathologically Responding and Nonresponding Tumors (2008)

SUVmax and SUVpeak provided the most robust measurements of tumor glucose metabolism in sarcomas. Delineation of the whole-tumor volume by semiautomatic thresholding did not decrease the variability of SUV measurements. TBRs were significantly more observer-dependent than were absolute SUVs. These findings should be considered for standardization of clinical (18)F-FDG PET/CT trials.
Analysis and modeling verification for thermal-mechanical deformation in flip-chip packages (2002)

Plastic flip-chip packaging provides a high-performance and low-cost approach for development of electronic packages. The underfill material plays a key role in enhancing shear fatigue reliability of the solder bump interconnection between the chip and the substrate. However, it raises another reliability concern for delamination at the chip/underfill and the underfill/substrate interfaces. This paper focuses on the driving force of the delamination by investigating the stress distribution at the chip/underfill and the underfill/substrate interfaces. An in-situ moire interferometry technique was used to measure the thermal deformation in the interface areas of an underfilled flip-chip-on-board package. Finite element analysis (FEA) and an analytical solution based on the built-up-bar (BUB) theory were performed to examine the localized stress distribution under thermal loading. The correlation between the experimental and modeling results is discussed. The use of BUB analysis to examine the effect of material properties on stress and deformation of multilayered packages is also discussed.
From Identity Politics to Identification Studies (2011)

Today, identity politics seems almost quaint. Faded into memory are NEA funding battles and culture wars over representations of identities, dismantling of identity-based social programs such as college admissions and affirmative action, and the spawning of an all-purpose, anti-progressive code phrase, “politically incorrect.” Moreover, scholars, particularly those working in critical/cultural areas, have theorized identity away in a multitude of ways: combining categories into hybrids and cyborgs, challenging its liberal humanist assumptions, critiquing its biases, tracing its processes of discursive constitution, queering its dualisms, and envisioning its aftermath in a post-identity world. Identity—at least insofar as an authentic expression of some aspect of inner self from which to build coalitions—seems to have had its moment in the sun, now safely tucked into a thematic week or two on syllabi or a chapter in a textbook: a familiar, but not terribly new or exciting topic.
p16/p53 expression and telomerase activity in immortalized human dental pulp cells (2011)

These results indicate maintainance of odontoblast-like differentiation characteristics after retroviral transformation with hTERT and suggest a possible link with a reduced p16 expression.
Ricolinostat (<scp>ACY</scp>‐1215) induced inhibition of aggresome formation accelerates carfilzomib‐induced multiple myeloma cell death (2015)

Proteasome inhibition induces the accumulation of aggregated misfolded/ubiquitinated proteins in the aggresome; conversely, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibition blocks aggresome formation. Although this rationale has been the basis of proteasome inhibitor (PI) and HDAC6 inhibitor combination studies, the role of disruption of aggresome formation by HDAC6 inhibition has not yet been studied in multiple myeloma (MM). The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of carfilzomib (CFZ) in combination with a selective HDAC6 inhibitor (ricolinostat) in MM cells with respect to the aggresome-proteolysis pathway. We observed that combination treatment of CFZ with ricolinostat triggered synergistic anti-MM effects, even in bortezomib-resistant cells. Immunofluorescent staining showed that CFZ increased the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and protein aggregates in the cytoplasm, as well as the engulfment of aggregated ubiquitinated proteins by autophagosomes, which was blocked by ricolinostat. Electron microscopy imaging showed increased autophagy triggered by CFZ, which was inhibited by the addition of ACY-1215. Finally, an in vivo mouse xenograft study confirmed a decrease in tumour volume, associated with apoptosis, following treatment with CFZ in combination with ricolinostat. Our results suggest that ricolinostat inhibits aggresome formation, caused by CFZ-induced inhibition of the proteasome pathway, resulting in enhanced apoptosis in MM cells.
On the effects of atmospheric-pressure microplasma array treatment on polymer and biological materials (2013)

This paper reports the first systematic investigation on the effects of atmospheric-pressure helium microplasma array treatment on the surface chemistries of model organic materials and a biological coating. These materials include polystyrene (PS), low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The plasma treatment introduced a range of oxygen functionalities into the surface of the polymers, with oxygen incorporation reaching “saturation” after relatively short treatment times. PS and LDPE surfaces were more readily oxidised and to a greater depth compared to ETFE. The polymer surfaces became smoother at short plasma treatment times due to removal of adventitious hydrocarbon, but became rougher at longer treatment times as a result of etching of low molecular weight, volatile material from the surface. Atmospheric-pressure helium microplasma array treatment of a BSA layer resulted in the majority of the protein being removed from the underlying (PS) surface. The plasma treatment reduced the surface roughness of the BSA coating at short treatment times, but at longer treatment times, the surface roughness increased and the surfaces exhibited granular structures. All of the hydrophobic polymers became hydrophilic after the plasma treatment. The hydrophilicity of the surfaces decreased upon storage (hydrophobic recovery) and none of the polymers reverted to their original hydrophobic state, even after 500 h of storage. The knowledge presented in this paper may be useful in the development of new manufacturing processes based on atmospheric-pressure plasma and in the field of plasma medicine, particularly with respect to cleaning and sterilisation methods. In addition, it provides a foundation for future efforts to establish the mechanisms behind interactions of atmospheric-pressure plasmas with materials.
Differential expression of microRNAs in early-stage neoplastic transformation in the lungs of F344 rats chronically treated with the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (2008)

While numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to alter their expression levels in human lung cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, the function of these miRNAs and their contribution to the long process of lung cancer development remains largely unknown. We applied a tobacco-specific carcinogen-induced cancer model to investigate the involvement of miRNAs in early lung cancer development, which could also provide information on potential, early biomarkers of lung cancers. Male F344 rats were first chronically treated with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a carcinogen present in tobacco products, for up to 20 weeks. The expression profiles of miRNAs in rat lungs were then determined. As measured by miRNA microarrays and confirmed by Northern blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses, NNK treatment reduced the expression of a number of miRNAs, such as miR-101, miR-126*, miR-199 and miR-34. Significantly, these miRNAs overlap with previously published reports on altered miRNA expression in human lung cancer samples. These miRNAs might, therefore, represent early-response miRNAs that signify the molecular changes associated with pulmonary tumorigenesis. Moreover, we identified cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A3, a critical enzyme in rat lungs that activates NNK to render it carcinogenic, as a potential target of miR-126*. NNK treatment in rats repressed miR-126* but induced CYP2A3 expression, a mechanism that may potentiate the oncogenic effects of NNK.
Body Segment Inertial Parameters of elite swimmers Using DXA and indirect Methods. (2013)

As accurate body segment inertial parameters (BSIPs) are difficult to obtain in motion analysis, this study computed individual BSIPs from DXA scan images. Therefore, by co-registering areal density data with DXA grayscale image, the relationship between pixel color gradient and the mass within the pixel area could be established. Thus, one can calculate BSIPs, including segment mass, center of mass (COM) and moment of inertia about the sagittal axis (Ixx). This technique calculated whole body mass very accurately (%RMSE of < 1.5%) relatively to results of the generic DXA scanner software. The BSIPs of elite male and female swimmers, and young adult Caucasian males (n = 28), were computed using this DXA method and 5 other common indirect estimation methods. A 3D surface scan of each subject enabled mapping of key anthropometric variables required for the 5 indirect estimation methods. Mass, COM and Ixx were calculated for seven body segments (head, trunk, head + trunk, upper arm, forearm, thigh and shank). Between-group comparisons of BSIPs revealed that elite female swimmers had the lowest segment masses of the three groups (p < 0.05). Elite male swimmers recorded the greatest inertial parameters of the trunk and upper arms (p < 0.05). Using the DXA method as the criterion, the five indirect methods produced errors greater than 10% for at least one BSIP in all three populations. Therefore, caution is required when computing BSIPs for elite swimmers via these indirect methods, DXA accurately estimated BSIPs in the frontal plane. Key PointsElite swimmers have significantly different body segment inertial parameters than young adult Caucasian males.The errors computed from indirect BSIP estimation methods are large regardless whether applied to elite swimmers or young adult Caucasian males.No indirect estimation method consistently performed best.