gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relative Activity of La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, LaOCl, and LaCl<sub>3</sub> in Reaction with CCl<sub>4</sub> Studied with Infrared Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations (2005)

Relative activity of La2O3, LaOCl, and LaCl3 in the destructive adsorption of CCl4 to CO2 was studied with density-functional theory calculations and temperature-programmed reaction experiments monitored with IR spectroscopy. Integral absorbance of the IR peak for phosgene, which is a reaction intermediate, was obtained as a function of temperature, and initial reaction temperatures were compared for different sample amounts of La2O3 and LaOCl. The initial reaction temperatures of about 390 K for La2O3 and 365 K for LaOCl were practically independent of the tested sample weights, and the lower temperature for LaOCl was attributed to a higher activity of surface sites on this material. Calculations suggest that CCl4 decomposition proceeds through a stepwise Cl donation from CCl4 to the surface and that the overall rate is controlled by the first step: CCl4 splitting into a Cl anion and CCl3 cation over an acid-base pair of surface sites. A lanthanum acid site in the pair initiates the split by interacting with one of the chlorine atoms in CCl4, and an oxygen base site stabilizes the remaining CCl3 fragment. Transition state estimates suggest that the relative activity of surface sites can be ranked in the following order: LaOCl > LaCl3 with a partially dechlorinated surface > La2O3. Surface Lewis acidity and basicity of these materials are summarized in terms of the vibrational frequency for adsorbed CO, energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and proton affinity. Higher activity of LaOCl is attributed to the higher acidity of the lanthanum site, the higher basicity of the oxygen site, and the geometry of the acid-base pair of sites that allows them to interact with CCl4 simultaneously.
National Ignition Facility integrated computer control system (1999)

The NIF design team is developing the Integrated Computer Control System (ICCS), which is based on an object-oriented software framework applicable to event-driven control system. The framework provides an open, extensive architecture that is sufficiently abstract to construct future mission-critical control systems. The ICCS will become operational when the first 8 out of 192 beams are activated in mid 2000. THe ICCS consists of 300 front-end processors attached to 60,000 control points coordinated by a supervisory system. Computers running either Solaris or VxWorks are networked over a hybrid configuration of switched fast Ethernet and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). ATM carries digital motion video from sensor to operator consoles. Supervisory software is constructed by extending the reusable framework components for each specific application. The framework incorporates services for database persistence, system configuration, graphical user interface, status monitoring, event logging, scripting language, alert management, and access control. More than twenty collaborating software applications are derived from the common framework. The framework is interoperable among different kinds of computers and functions as a plug-in software bus by leveraging a common object request brokering architecture (CORBA). CORBA transparently distributes the software objects across the network. Because of the pivotal role played, CORBA was tested to ensure adequate performance.
Investigation of Pyrazole Compounds. IV.<sup>1</sup> The Acylation of 3-Phenyl-5-pyrazolone and 3-Anilino-5-pyrazolone (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of Pyrazole Compounds. IV.1 The Acylation of 3-Phenyl-5-pyrazolone and 3-Anilino-5-pyrazoloneA. Weissberger and H. D. PorterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 8, 1495–1502Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01248a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01248a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views300Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[The medical social aspects of ambulatory medical care to victims of road traffic accidents]. (2013)

The article discusses the issues of the organization of medical care to victims of road traffic accidents. The analysis of primary appealability of patients to the first-aid center of Stavropol and Novorossiysk during 2008-2010 is presented. The sampling consisted of 904 cases of this kind of trauma. It is established that among victims of road traffic accident appealed to first-aid centers the pedestrians consist the major part. The traumas of limbs are among the most frequently occurred cases. The victims with cranio-cerebral injuries are among those who appealed most frequently for medical aid. Besides that in most cases (63.4%) the victims with cranio-cerebral injuries were transported not to the neurologic surgery clinic but to the first-aid center This action increased the number of transport stages and duration of time gap before specialized medical care was applied. The conclusion is made concerning the need of further development of out-patient urgent medical care to victims of road traffic accidents.
Android NDK Beginners Guide - Second Edition (2015)

Discover the native side of Android and inject the power of C/C++ in your applications About This BookCreate high performance mobile applications with C/C++ and integrate with JavaExploit advanced Android features such as graphics, sound, input, and sensingPort and reuse your own or third-party libraries from the prolific C/C++ ecosystemWho This Book Is ForAre you an Android Java programmer who needs more performance? Are you a C/C++ developer who doesn't want to bother with the complexity of Java and its out-of-control garbage collector? Do you want to create fast intensive multimedia applications or games? If you've answered yes to any of these questions then this book is for you. With some general knowledge of C/C++ development, you will be able to dive headfirst into native Android development.What You Will Learn Build your first Android native project from scratch Communicate with Java through Java Native Interfaces Learn the key design intricacies of creating a native OpenGL ES 2.0 graphics application Initialize, play, and record sound and music with OpenSL ES Handle input events and sensors to create different interaction types Port an existing library on Android by compiling most common C++ frameworks on Android Interface and optimize the existing code with RenderScript Combine graphics, sound, input, sensors, and physics in your application In DetailAndroid NDK is all about injecting high-performance and portable code into your mobile apps by exploiting the maximum speed of the device they run on.This book will show you how to create C/C++-enabled mobile applications and integrate them with Java. The books starts with teaching you how to access native API and port libraries used in some of the most successful Android applications. Next, you will move on to create a real native application project through the complete implementation of a native API and porting existing third-party libraries. Moving forward, you will learn how to access the keyboard and input peripherals and read accelerometer or orientation sensors. Finally, you will dive into more advanced topics such as RenderScript.
Coordinate Regulation of Transcription and Splicing by Steroid Receptor Coregulators (2002)

Recent observations indicating that promoter identity influences alternative RNA-processing decisions have created interest in the regulatory interactions between RNA polymerase II transcription and precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) processing. We examined the impact of steroid receptor-mediated transcription on RNA processing with reporter genes subject to alternative splicing driven by steroid-sensitive promoters. Steroid hormones affected the processing of pre-mRNA synthesized from steroid-sensitive promoters, but not from steroid-unresponsive promoters, in a steroid receptor-dependent and receptor-selective manner. Several nuclear receptor coregulators showed differential splicing effects, suggesting that steroid hormone receptors may simultaneously control gene transcription activity and exon content of the product mRNA by recruiting coregulators involved in both processes.
Imaging Chirality with Surface Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy (2005)

Chirality is a fundamental construct in nature which arises from an antisymmetric arrangement of atoms, molecules, or larger structures, resulting in the formation of nonsuperimposable mirror images. Bulk chiral effects can easily be measured using circular dichroism (CD) or optical rotary dispersion (ORD). However, the imaging of chirality originating from molecular surface films cannot be obtained with these linear optical methods. By using chiral second harmonic generation (C-SHG), with its inherent surface sensitivity and ability to discriminate between the symmetry of surface adsorbed species in combination with a counter-propagating optical geometry, we have developed the first nonlinear chiral microscope. In the study presented here, the intrinsic chirality of R- and S-(+)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (RBN, SBN) has been used to image a patterned planar supported lipid bilayer (PSLB) of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) using C-SHG. Spatial resolution of the patterned PSLB is visible when either RBN or SBN is intercalated into the membrane. No image is observed when a racemic mixture of RBN and SBN is present. The C-SHG images are compared with those obtained from fluorescence microscopy to verify the C-SHG imaging technique. The results presented here demonstrate that C-SHG possesses the requisite surface selectivity and sensitivity to detect interfacial chirality and provides a direct route for the visualization of chirality originating from molecular surface films.
Infrared laser post-ionization of large biomolecules from an IR-MALD(I) plume (2004)

A two-infrared laser desorption/ionization method is described. A first laser, which was either an Er:YAG laser or an optical parametric oscillator (OPO), served for ablation/vaporization of small volumes of analyte/matrix sample at fluences below the ion detection threshold for direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). A second IR-laser, whose beam intersected the expanding ablation plume at a variable distance and time delay, was used to generate biomolecular ions out of the matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALD) plume. Either one of the two above lasers or an Er:YSGG laser was used for post-ionization. Glycerol was used as IR-MALDI matrix, and mass spectra of peptides, proteins, as well as nucleic acids, some of which in excess of 105 u in molecular weight, were recorded with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A mass spectrum of cytochrome c from a water ice matrix is also presented. The MALD plume expansion was investigated by varying the position of the post-ionization laser beam above the glycerol sample surface and its delay time relative to the desorption laser. Comparison between the OPO (pulse duration, τL=6 ns) and the Er:YAG laser (τL∼120 ns) as primary excitation laser demonstrates a significant effect of the laser pulse duration on the MALD process.
Carotid Computed Tomography Angiography With Automated Bone Suppression (2009)

Both techniques provided bone suppression in a fully automated way. DE provided more complete bone suppression in the neck, but at the cost of inferior vessel integrity, especially at the thoracic inlet. BSCTA showed excellent results for vessel integrity and was superior to DE in most of the vessels in or at the skull base.
Five-electrode direct current suppressor–detector combiner for ion chromatography: an integration of eluent suppression and resistance detection (2011)

An integration of eluent suppressor and resistance detector is proposed based upon the application of a common anode (or cathode), a common ion-exchange membrane, and two independent constant current sources.
Characterization of poly(carbon monofluoride) by 19F and 19F to 13C cross polarization MAS NMR spectroscopy (1998)

High speed 19F MAS NMR and 13C MAS NMR with 19F to 13C cross polarization allows spectroscopic identification of monofluorinated and geminally difluorinated carbon species in poly(carbon monofluoride).
A region based motion compensated video codec for very low bitrate applications (2002)

A motion compensated video coding technique is discussed where square macro-blocks in the coding process are replaced by arbitrary shaped regions. Different components of this technique are presented in detail, such as: segmentation, region shape coding, motion estimation, and mode decisions. Simulation results show good quality images with sharper details achieved at bitrates as low as 9.6 Kb/s.
Source selectable path diversity via routing deflections (2006)

We present the design of a routing system in which end-systems set tags to select non-shortest path routes as an alternative to explicit source routes. Routers collectively generate these routes by using tags as hints to independently deflect packets to neighbors that lie off the shortest-path. We show how this can be done simply, by local extensions of the shortest path machinery, and safely, so that loops are provably not formed. The result is to provide end-systems with a high-level of path diversity that allows them to bypass unde-sirable locations within the network. Unlike explicit source routing, our scheme is inherently scalable and compatible with ISP policies because it derives from the deployed Internet routing. We also sug-gest an encoding that is compatible with common IP usage, making our scheme incrementally deployable at the granularity of individual routers.
Summary — Vitamins and Trace Elements in Sports Nutrition (2005)

Vitamins and trace elements play many roles with regard to physical activity, including sports and exercise. All of the nutrients that function in energy metabolism, either directly or indirectly, also function in physical performance. Folate functions in nucleic acid synthesis and is a component of several enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism. Choline was classified as an essential nutrient by the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences in 1998 and AIs were established for this nutrient. Iron deficiency, the most prevalent single nutrient deficiency worldwide, reduces the amount of oxygen available for aerobic metabolism, thus limiting an individual’s endurance. In anemia, caused by iron deficiency among other nutrient deficiencies and pathological conditions, the amount of oxygen transported by hemoglobin in blood is low. Chromium functions in the maintenance of blood glucose levels by potentiating the activity of insulin. Chromium excretion is influenced by the stress of exercise as well as diets high in mono-and disaccharides.
Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling Is Essential for the Autonomous Formation of Cartilage-Like Tissue by Expanded Chondrocytes (2015)

Cartilage is a tissue with limited self-healing potential. Hence, cartilage defects require surgical attention to prevent or postpone the development of osteoarthritis. For cell-based cartilage repair strategies, in particular autologous chondrocyte implantation, articular chondrocytes are isolated from cartilage and expanded in vitro to increase the number of cells required for therapy. During expansion, the cells lose the competence to autonomously form a cartilage-like tissue, that is in the absence of exogenously added chondrogenic growth factors, such as TGF-βs. We hypothesized that signaling elicited by autocrine and/or paracrine TGF-β is essential for the formation of cartilage-like tissue and that alterations within the TGF-β signaling pathway during expansion interfere with this process. Primary bovine articular chondrocytes were harvested and expanded in monolayer culture up to passage six and the formation of cartilage tissue was investigated in high density pellet cultures grown for three weeks. Chondrocytes expanded for up to three passages maintained the potential for autonomous cartilage-like tissue formation. After three passages, however, exogenous TGF-β1 was required to induce the formation of cartilage-like tissue. When TGF-β signaling was blocked by inhibiting the TGF-β receptor 1 kinase, the autonomous formation of cartilage-like tissue was abrogated. At the initiation of pellet culture, chondrocytes from passage three and later showed levels of transcripts coding for TGF-β receptors 1 and 2 and TGF-β2 to be three-, five- and five-fold decreased, respectively, as compared to primary chondrocytes. In conclusion, the autonomous formation of cartilage-like tissue by expanded chondrocytes is dependent on signaling induced by autocrine and/or paracrine TGF-β. We propose that a decrease in the expression of the chondrogenic growth factor TGF-β2 and of the TGF-β receptors in expanded chondrocytes accounts for a decrease in the activity of the TGF-β signaling pathway and hence for the loss of the potential for autonomous cartilage-like tissue formation.
Multi-Digit Recognition Using a Space Displacement Neural Network (1991)

We present a feed-forward network architecture for recognizing an unconstrained handwritten multi-digit string. This is an extension of previous work on recognizing isolated digits. In this architecture a single digit recognizer is replicated over the input. The output layer of the network is coupled to a Viterbi alignment module that chooses the best interpretation of the input. Training errors are propagated through the Viterbi module. The novelty in this procedure is that segmentation is done on the feature maps developed in the Space Displacement Neural Network (SDNN) rather than the input (pixel) space. 1 Introduction In previous work (Le Cun et al., 1990) we have demonstrated a feed-forward backpropagation network that recognizes isolated handwritten digits at state-of-the-art performance levels. The natural extension of this work is towards recognition of unconstrained strings of handwritten digits. The most straightforward solution is to divide the process into two: segmentati...
Unveiling the role of <scp>TNF</scp>‐α in mesenchymal stromal cell‐mediated immunosuppression (2014)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors of mesodermal origin that not only differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, connective stromal cells, and adipocytes, but also exert immunoregulatory activities, usually induced by soluble molecules released during the cross-talk between MSCs and their target immune cell populations. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Dorronsoro et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 480-488] demonstrate for the first time that TNF-α released by activated T cells confers immunosuppressive properties upon MSCs by binding to TNF-R1 and activating the NF-kB pathway. Such findings may improve our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the reported efficacy of human MSCs administered locally or systemically to patients with autoimmune/inflammatory disorders, such as Crohn's disease and graft versus host disease, as discussed in this commentary.
Aliphatic Carbon−Carbon Bond Activation of Nitriles by Rhodium(II) Porphyrin (2006)

The aliphatic C(α)−C(β) bonds of a series of nitriles were activated by Rh(tmp) using Ph3P as the promoting ligand from 100 to 130 °C. Kinetic studies at 130 °C revealed the rate law, rate = k‘K1[Rh(tmp)][Ph3P]n + k3K2(K1[Ph3P])/ (1 + K1[Ph3P])[Rh(tmp)][tBuCN] and suggested the carbon−carbon bond activation occurred at the coordinated tBuCN with Rh(tmp) in a 1:1 ratio in the transition state.
Epigenetic age acceleration predicts cancer, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality in a German case cohort (2016)

These results show that age acceleration in terms of the difference between age predicted by DNA methylation and chronological age is an independent predictor of all-cause and cause-specific mortality and may be useful as a general marker of healthy aging.
Optical network analysis and longitudinal structure characterization of fiber Bragg grating (1998)

A method for polarization-resolved optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) characterization is reported on. The complete reflectance Jones matrix is measured interferometrically. Required polarization transformers need not be accurate, just to operate reproducibly, because redundant measurements yield pairs of orthogonal polarizations. Local dichroic reflectivity and birefringence of a sampled grating was derived from this data. Knowledge of these quantities should allow improvement of the ultraviolet (UV) illumination process and to effectively correct phase mask errors by longitudinally selective UV light postprocessing.
Execution patterns in object-oriented visualization (1998)

Execution patterns are a new metaphor for visualizing execution traces of object-oriented programs. We present an execution pattern view that lets a programmer visualize and explore a program&apos;s execution at varied levels of abstraction. The view employs visual, navigational, and analytical techniques that accommodate lengthy, real-world traces. By classifying repetitive behavior automatically into high-order execution patterns, we drastically reduce the information a programmer must assimilate, with little loss of insight.
Peptide Design Based on an Antibody Complementarity-Determining Region (CDR): Construction of Porphyrin-Binding Peptides and Their Affinity Maturation by a Combinatorial Method (2000)

We have utilized sequence information from an antiheme monoclonal antibody to develop novel porphyrin-binding peptides. Several peptides which have an intramolecular disulfide bond in different positions and different chain lengths were prepared. The affinities of peptides for meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin were increased by an appropriate conformational restraint using a disulfide bond. Detailed studies with a representative 12-peptide, 12C4, whose length was reduced from 20 residues of the complementarity-determining region (CDR), indicated that both the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions were essential factors in the peptide-porphyrin binding. Moreover, two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed the conformation of the peptide and the critical residues for the porphyrin-binding. According to the obtained results, a further minimized 9-peptide, 9L, was successfully redesigned with a sequence capable of forming a beta-turn instead of a disulfide bond. Furthermore, affinity maturation studies of 9L were performed by using a combinatorial approach such as the spot-synthesis method. Peptides with an improved affinity for porphyrins were prepared by systematic amino acid replacement. Thus, the design of peptides targeted to porphyrins was demonstrated by the combination of antibody information and the rationally designed combinatorial method.