gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Particle Clustering in MMCs by Quantitative Image Analysis (2006)

In the present paper, work of a preliminary nature pertaining to the development of a simple tool for easy identification of reinforcement clustering in particle-reinforced MMCs is reported. The tool consists of an image processing and analysis routine performed with the aid of a public-domain software. Results obtained were in the form of distribution curves pertaining to the Euclidian distances between particle centroids within sample images. Analysis of that distribution allowed the identification of cluster occurrence. The technique was successfully applied to computer-generated images of virtual MMCs, as well as to micrographs of rheocast MMCs. Apart from particle clustering, the distribution curves were found useful to roughly assess the matrix cell size, for cases where this is significantly higher that the size of the reinforcing particles.
Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of Tumor‐Associated Carbohydrate Antigen Globo‐H and Stage‐Specific Embryonic Antigen 4 (2008)

Gangliosides have attracted much attention due to their important biological properties. Herein, we report the first chemoenzymatic syntheses of two globo series of ganglioside oligosaccharides, Globo-H 1 and stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) 2. The common precursor SSEA-3 pentasaccharide for these two compounds was assembled rapidly using the pre-activation based one-pot glycosylation method. The stereoselectivity in forming the 1,2-cis linkage in SSEA-3 was attributed to a steric buttressing effect of the donor rather than electronic properties of the glycosyl donors. SSEA-3 was then successfully fucosylated by the fucosyltransferase WbsJ and sialylated by sialyltransferases CST-I and PmST1 producing Globo-H and SSEA-4 respectively.
Energy and spatial resolution for a continuous scintillation crystal - interface - continuous scintillation crystal system in Positron Emission Tomography(PET) (2009)

In this work we study the effects on the spatial resolution, energy resolution, and depth of interaction (DOI) determination, for a stack of two continuous scintillation crystals with an optical interface placed between them. The use of continuous crystals together with other features of the detector design has been reported to result in high quality of functional images because of the increased detection efficiency and the better intrinsic spatial resolution. However, there are some degrading factors associated with continuous crystals. These effects are more severe for thick scintillators required for PET detectors. With the present work we want to study if the use of crystal-interface (sandwich) system leads to a reduction in the effects of these degrading factors.
Improvement in androgenetic alopecia in 53–76‐year‐old men using oral finasteride (1999)

Twenty-eight men with AGA, aged 53-76 years (mean, 65 years), were selected to participate in this trial from a double blind, placebo controlled, multicenter study of subjects with moderate symptoms of BPH. Patients received either finasteride 5 mg or placebo daily for 24 months. Hair counts were performed at entry to the study and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Hair counts were made directly on the scalp in a circular target area 1 in in diameter, located in the center of a template. The template was applied in such a way that its counting window fell on the most balding scalp area, which remained the same for each patient.11 At each hair counting session, patients were asked about side-effects and questioned about their sex life. Time trend and differences between groups were examined using a one-way (treatment) MANOVA with repeated measures (baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months). Additional two-tailed t-tests were performed to compare the two groups at each point of time. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant.
Failure of proteasome inhibitor administration to provide a model of Parkinson's disease in rats and monkeys (2006)

McNaught and colleagues reported recently that systemic administration of proteasome inhibitors PSI (Z-Ileu-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Leu-CHO) or epoxomicin recapitulated many of the degenerative changes seen in Parkinson's disease including loss of striatal dopamine and cell loss in the substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, dorsal motor nucleus of the X cranial nerve, and nucleus basalis of Meynert. Intracytoplasmic inclusions resembling Lewy bodies were also described. All experiments administering PSI to rats using identical procedures and multiple attempts failed to induce any of the previously described changes. Furthermore, administration of PSI or epoxomicin to monkeys in an attempt to extend the model to a primate species failed. Currently, systemic proteasome inhibition is not a reliable model for Parkinson's disease.
An approach for defining rules as functions in rule-based software development (2012)

In order to quickly response to changes in requirements or business rules, rule-based software development has been introduced to separate the business rules from the application code. Rule engine is adopted to achieve this aim and makes the business rules as an independent part. Business rules can be modified without affecting to the application, thus cost, time and effort in requirement analysis, implementation, testing and deployment are reduced. Even though many rule engines are available in the market, it is not easy to implement them with an existing application as developers' perception need to be changed. Developers have to extract the rules (from the block of logic code) in application, transform them to the rule syntax of that engine, and modify the old code to execute these rules. This paper describes an approach for defining business rules that are similar to programming and designs an execution engine to be contained in the application regardless of the architecture.
A European study on landing gear airframe noise sources (2000)

Flyover noise of modern aircraft in their approach configuration can be dominated by airframe noise. Relevant flow noise sources are high lift devices and landing gears. Therefore aeroacoustic tests were performed in the German Dutch Wind Tunnel employing full-scale landing gears of an A340 aircraft. Farfield noise characteristics were determined for both a nose- and a main landing gear, the latter in a 4-wheel and a 6-wheel mock-up configuration, at wind speeds ranging from 50 to 78 m/s. DNW's 3m acoustic mirror and a planar microphone array served for source localization and ranking. Excess tone noise was detected and originated from pin-cavities. Broadband noise levels were confirmed to increase with the 6th power of flow velocity. Noise directivities feature weak level maxima both in the forward and rear arc. Based on results from earlier testing on a smaller A320 gear the effects on noise of gear size and configuration were evaluated. By covering different gear components with streamlined fairings an overall noise reduction on the order of 3 dB was achieved.
PCA-Based Multi-Wavelength Photoplethysmography Algorithm for Cuffless Blood Pressure Measurement on Elderly Subjects (2020)

The prevalence of hypertension has made blood pressure (BP) measurement one of the most wanted functions in wearable devices for convenient and frequent self-assessment of health conditions. The widely adopted principle for cuffless BP monitoring is based on arterial pulse transit time (PTT), which is measured with electrocardiography and photoplethysmography (PPG). To achieve cuffless BP monitoring with more compact wearable electronics, we have previously conceived a multi-wavelength PPG (MWPPG) strategy to perform BP estimation from arteriolar PTT, requiring only a single sensing node. However, challenges remain in decoding the compounded MWPPG signals consisting of both heterogeneous physiological information and motion artifact (MA). In this work, we proposed an improved MWPPG algorithm based on principal component analysis (PCA) which matches the statistical decomposition results with the arterial pulse and capillary pulse. The arteriolar PTT is calculated accordingly as the phase shift based on the entire waveforms, instead of local peak lag time, to enhance the feature robustness. Meanwhile, the PCA-derived MA component is employed to identify and exclude the MA-contaminated segments. To evaluate the new algorithm, we performed a comparative experiment (N = 22) with a cuffless MWPPG measurement device and used double-tube auscultatory BP measurement as a reference. The results demonstrate the accuracy improvement enabled by the PCA-based operations on MWPPG signals, yielding errors of 1.44 ± 6.89 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and -1.00 ± 6.71 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, the proposed PCA-based method can improve the performance of MWPPG in wearable medical devices for cuffless BP measurement.
Variable voltage task scheduling for minimizing energy or minimizing power (2002)

We propose task scheduling algorithms that minimize energy or minimize power for the case when the tasks have different arrival times, deadline times, execution times and switching activities. We theoretically determine the relation between the operating voltages for the minimum energy (power) assignment and develop a polynomial time scheduling algorithm that uses this relation. We show experimentally that the voltage assignment obtained by our algorithm is very close to that of the optimal assignment.
The Fas/Fas-Ligand System is Not Required for Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice (2000)

Recent studies suggest that Fas-Fas-ligand (FasL) interactions play an important role in the development of lung injury and fibrosis. However, evidence to support this concept is still indirect. To determine whether Fas-FasL interaction is required for the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, we used Fas-deficient (lpr) and FasL-deficient (gld ) mice as animal models. After intratracheal instillation of bleomycin, we examined the lungs of mice through bronchoalveolar lavage, histologic studies, DNA nick-end labeling, and hydroxyproline assay. The development of cellular infiltrates, bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial apoptosis, and fibrosis following bleomycin instillation in the lungs in lpr mice and gld mice was similar to their development in wild-type mice. The results of this study show that bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis does not require Fas-FasL interaction, and that epithelial cell apoptosis after bleomycin exposure is mediated by Fas-independent pathways.
Efficient Syntheses of the Marine Alkaloids Makaluvamine D and Discorhabdin C: The 4,6,7-Trimethoxyindole Approach (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient Syntheses of the Marine Alkaloids Makaluvamine D and Discorhabdin C: The 4,6,7-Trimethoxyindole ApproachEyyani V. Sadanandan, Sasi K. Pillai, M. V. Lakshmikantham, Adil D. Billimoria, J. Shane Culpepper, and Michael P. CavaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6, 1800–1805Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00111a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00111a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views803Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An EMG analysis of the shoulder in pitching (1984)

This is the second report in a series of projects dealing with electromyographic (EMG) analysis of the upper extremity during throwing. Better understanding of the muscle activation patterns could lead to more effective preseason conditioning regimens and rehabilitation programs. Indwelling wire electrodes recorded the output from the biceps, long and lateral heads of the triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, and brachialis for four professional baseball pitchers. These signals were synchronized electronically with high speed film records of a fast ball. The EMG signals were converted from analog to digital records. Results showed that wind-up and early cocking phases showed minimal activity in all muscles, and such firing which occurred was of low intensity. Late cocking, which occurred after the front foot was firmly planted, showed moderate activity in the biceps. Cocking was terminated by the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi. At this point, the trunk began to rotate forward, while the arm remained elevated and the elbow flexed. Also, the shoulder was moving to maximum external rotation. During the acceleration phase, the biceps was notably quiescent, while the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, triceps, and serratus anterior were all active. Muscle action at this time terminated external rotation and elbow flexion; i.e., the muscles fired as decelerators and also initiated the opposite actions for ball acceleration, internal rotation and elbow extension. Follow-through was not only a time of eccentric contraction with muscle activity decelerating the upper extremity complex, it was also an active event with the shoulder moving across the body and the elbow into extension with forearm pronation.
Polymeric Antitumor Agents on a Molecular and on a Cellular Level? (1981)

Abstract “Chemistry has become a mature science, with all the advantages and handicaps of maturity: harvest is abundant, but many people think future and adventure are to be found elsewhere” [1a] . This holds true—in 1981, the year of Hermann Staudinger's 100th birthday—for macromolecular chemistry, too. Where can the polymer chemists seek adventures? Unsolved problems in neighboring fields like medicine and molecular biology attract his zeal. Cancer chemotherapy is such a field. Can the polymer chemist help to solve its problems? Polymers may be pharmacologically active as such. If used as carriers, they may, due to their intrinsic properties, influence body distribution, excretion or cell uptake of the pharmaca they carry. Hence, there is a chance for new ways in therapy, including affinity chemotherapy using synthetic macromolecules. Our own body has a perfect biological system for affinity therapy: immune response to infection selectively attacks foreign cells, It is fascinating to observe what the immune system does to a tumor cell which could not escape immune surveillance (cf. Fig. 14). Can these specific cell‐cell interactions be mimicked? What do we have to learn for an experimental approach to this adventure? Stable membrane and cell models can be synthesized, a first step towards this goal. Macromolecular chemistry is far from being able to offer satisfying solutions for a specific tumor therapy; striving for it, polymer chemists can learn lots of things. In order to do so, they will have to enter neighboring fields and they will have to be willing and able to cooperate.
Magnetic microscopy promises a leap in sensitivity and resolution (2001)

Twenty years ago, Kirschvink argued that many paleomagnetic studies were limited by the sensitivity of the magnetometer systems then in use [ Kirschvink , 1981].He showed that sedimentary rocks could preserve detrital remanent magnetizations at levels of 10 −14 to 10 −15 Am 2 , about 100—1000 times below the noise level of today's best superconducting (SQUID) rock magnetometers. If a more sensitive magnetometer could be built, it would dramatically expand the range and variety of rock types amenable to paleomagnetic analysis. Just such an instrument is now on the horizon: the low‐temperature superconductivity (LTS) SQUID Microscope.
Gag-Positive Reservoir Cells Are Susceptible to HIV-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Mediated Clearance In Vitro and Can Be Detected In Vivo (2013)

Resting CD4+T cells infected with HIV persist in the presence of suppressive anti-viral therapy (ART) and are barriers to a cure. One potential curative approach, therapeutic vaccination, is fueled by recognition of the ability of a subset of elite controllers (EC) to control virus without therapy due to robust anti-HIV immune responses. Controllers have low levels of integrated HIV DNA and low levels of replication competent virus, suggesting a small reservoir. As our recent data indicates some reservoir cells can produce HIV proteins (termed GPR cells for Gag-positive reservoir cells), we hypothesized that a fraction of HIV-expressing resting CD4+T cells could be efficiently targeted and cleared in individuals who control HIV via anti-HIV cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). To test this we examined if superinfected resting CD4+T cells from EC express HIV Gag without producing infectious virus and the susceptibility of these cells to CTL. We found that resting CD4+T cells expressed HIV Gag and were cleared by autologous CD8+T cells from EC. Importantly, we found the extent of CTL clearance in our in vitro assay correlates with in vivo reservoir size and that a population of Gag expressing resting CD4+T cells exists in vivo in patients well controlled on therapy.
An exploratory study of contrast agents for soft tissue visualization by means of high resolution X‐ray computed tomography imaging (2013)

High resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT), or microCT, is a promising and already widely used technique in various scientific fields. Also for histological purposes it has great potential. Although microCT has proven to be a valuable technique for the imaging of bone structures, the visualization of soft tissue structures is still an important challenge due to their low inherent X-ray contrast. One way to achieve contrast enhancement is to make use of contrast agents. However, contrary to light and electron microscopy, knowledge about contrast agents and staining procedures is limited for X-ray CT. The purpose of this paper is to identify useful X-ray contrast agents for soft tissue visualization, which can be applied in a simple way and are also suited for samples larger than (1 cm)(3) . And 28 chemical substances have been investigated. All chemicals were applied in the form of concentrated aqueous solutions in which the samples were immersed. First, strips of green Bacon were stained to evaluate contrast enhancement between muscle and adipose tissue. Furthermore it was also tested whether the contrast agents remained fixed in the tissue after staining by re-immersing them in water. Based on the results, 12 contrast agents were selected for further testing on postmortem mice hind legs, containing a variety of different tissues, including muscle, fat, bone, cartilage and tendons. It was evaluated whether the contrast agents allowed a clearer distinction between the different soft tissue structures present. Finally also penetration depth was measured. And 26 chemicals resulted in contrast enhancement between muscle and adipose tissue in the Bacon strips. Mercury(II)chloride (HgCl2 ), phosphotungstic acid (PTA), phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) and ammonium orthomolybdate ((NH4 )2 MoO4 ) remained fixed after re-immersion in water. The penetration tests showed that potassium iodide (KI) and sodium tungstate can be most efficiently used for large samples of the order of several tens of cm(3) . PMA, PTA, HgCl2 and also to a lesser extent Na2 WO4 and (NH4 )2 MoO4 allowed a clearer distinction between the different soft tissue structures present.
主权、公民资格、评议：论卢梭思想的一种构成性张力 (2012)

＂主权在民＂思想处于卢梭思想的中心,它的提出衍生自近代的＂主权＂概念以及古代的＂公民资格＂概念这两个久远的源流,卢梭根据前者对后者加以改造,反过来又以后者改造前者。这种作法的代价在于,卢梭继承了＂意志＂的两个异质的概念,这两个概念从属于两个截然相反的范式,即＂君主＂与＂议会＂之中。由此,卢梭的思想便具有了一种构成性的张力,这种张力在卢梭对＂评议＂概念的使用中显得尤为突出。概念史的这一点将能够解释现代民主的一些困难。
pH-Linked conformational regulation of a metalloprotein oxidation-reduction equilibrium: electrochemical analysis of the alkaline form of cytochrome c (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTpH-Linked conformational regulation of a metalloprotein oxidation-reduction equilibrium: electrochemical analysis of the alkaline form of cytochrome cPaul D. Barker and A. Grant MaukCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10, 3619–3624Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00036a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00036a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views419Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigation of the gyromagnetic permeability of amorphous CoFeNiMoSiB manufactured by different techniques (1996)

The permeability of amorphous non-magnetostrictive flexible ferromagnetic films is investigated in the 10 MHz to 1.6 GHz range. The permeability of melt-spun ribbons is shown to increase after chemical thinning, but no improvement is seen concerning losses in this frequency range. It is shown that demagnetizing fields affect the measured permeability, either because of finite sample size effects, or because of thickness inhomogeneities. Thinner layers were manufactured by ion beam sputtering using the melt spun ribbons as targets. Real permeability levels of 500 and resonance frequencies close to 1 GHz are observed on the layers sputtered on Kapton as well as on that sputtered on glass substrates. After annealing, flexible material with initial permeability higher than 1500 and resonance frequency of 530 MHz is produced. The study of the permeability on a broad frequency range indicates that the occurrence of high frequency losses in the hundred MHz range is-due not to skin effect but to intrinsic damping of the gyromagnetic resonance.