gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cartilage catabolism in arthritis: factors that influence homeostasis (2001)

Preventing the destruction of articular cartilage has long been a goal in the treatment of arthritic diseases, in which a combination of cytokines and growth factors affect the catabolic state of cells within the joint. Normal tissue turnover can be viewed as a balance between degradation and synthesis of the macromolecules that constitute the extracellular matrix. This process is tightly regulated such that highly degradative proteinases are controlled at several levels, including synthesis and secretion, activation and inhibition. Tissue destruction occurs when proteinase-mediated degradation exceeds synthesis, and this is markedly influenced by cytokines and growth factors that stimulate matrix synthesis as well as the production of proteinases and/or their endogenous inhibitors. This review outlines current knowledge of factors that influence cartilage biology, with particular emphasis on chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts. Recent findings from the delivery of cytokines to affected tissues are also summarised, and the potential impact these observations might have on new therapies for arthritic diseases is discussed.
Growth of III‐nitride quantum dots and their applications to blue‐green LEDs (2008)

Abstract In this paper we discuss the growth of InN, GaN and InGaN QDs by MBE on either GaN or AlN templates. InN QDs on GaN templates were found to occur without an InN wetting layer, a result consistent with the large lattice mismatch of 11% between InN and GaN. Self‐assembled GaN QDs were grown on AlN templates, using the modified Stranski‐Krastanov mode of growth. The microstructure and the size distribution of such QDs in a single layer or a superlattice structure were investigated by electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Finally, the self assembly of InGaN QDs on GaN templates using the Stranski‐Krastanov mode and the applications of such QDs to blue‐green LEDs are addressed. The results indicate that InGaN / GaN multiple quantum dots (MQDs) are highly strained and their emission at low injection is red shifted with respect to that of a single layer of QDs due to quantum confined Stark effect. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An easy-to-use microfluidic interconnection system to create quick and reversibly interfaced simple microfluidic devices (2015)

The presented microfluidic interconnection system provides an alternative for the individual interfacing of simple microfluidic devices fabricated in polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate, polycarbonate and cyclic olefin polymer. A modification of the device inlet enables the direct attachment of tubing (such as polytetrafluoroethylene tubing) secured and sealed by using a small plug, without the need for additional assembly, glue or o-rings. This provides a very clean connection that does not require additional, potentially incompatible, materials. The tightly sealed connection can withstand pressures above 250 psi and therefore supports applications with high flow rates or highly viscous fluids. The ease of incorporation, configuration, fabrication and use make this interconnection system ideal for the rapid prototyping of simple microfluidic devices or other integrated systems that require microfluidic interfaces. It provides a valuable addition to the toolbox of individual and small arrays of connectors suitable for micromachined or template-based injection molded devices since it does not require protruding, threaded or glued modifications on the inlet and avoids bulky and expensive fittings.
112-Gb/s PAM4 ADC-Based SERDES Receiver With Resonant AFE for Long-Reach Channels (2020)

A 112-Gb/s PAM4 analog-to-digital converter (ADC)-based serializer/de-serializer transceiver (SERDES) receiver is implemented on Intel's 10-nm FinFET process. The receiver consists of a low-noise resonant analog front end (AFE) which provides equalization and gain at 28 GHz, a 64-way time-interleaved ADC, digital equalization consisting of a 16-tap feed-forward equalizer (FFE), and a 1-tap decision-feedback equalizer (DFE), as well as a clock and data recovery (CDR) loop utilizing a 7-GHz digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). Long-reach, -35 dB Nyquist channels are supported by a pre-forward error correction (FEC) bit error rate (BER) of 1e-6, thus making it compatible with existing and projected IEEE Ethernet specifications.
Socially filtered web search (2009)

Today's knowledge workers are confronted with an ever increasing information overload while searching for needed information in the web. Common search engines do not take into account the current work context of the user. But we consider context information as an effective means to implicitly narrow the information space of the web. In this paper we present a novel approach that increases the relevance of search results by considering the current work context. We track the user's web browsing behavior, store visited pages and build up a user model based on this information. As the user browses, the stored URLs of the visited pages are enhanced with tags from social bookmarking sites. Based on the user model and the retrieved bookmarks we developed an easy-to-use and easy-to-configure clientside web search engine that refines the original search query with these tags. Our approach follows the design principle of non-intrusiveness. That means we present the context-sensitive personalized adapted search results together with the original non-adaptive search results. We developed an open architecture that allows the user to reconfigure the system to use different metadata providers and search engines. In order to prove our architecture we implemented a Firefox Add-on.
Mutagenic analysis of the nucleation propensity of oxidized Alzheimer's β‐amyloid peptide (2005)

The formation of polypeptide aggregates represents a nucleated polymerization reaction in which an initial nucleation event (lag phase) is followed by the extension of newly formed nuclei into larger aggregates, including fibrils (growth phase). The efficiencies of these reactions relate to the lag time (lag phase) and to the rate of aggregation (growth phase), which can be determined from experimental aggregation curves. Here we present a mutagenic analysis in which we replace valine 18 of the Alzheimer's Abeta (1-40) peptide with 17 different amino acids and determine its effect on the lag time, and therefore, on the propensity of nucleation. Comparison with various physico-chemical properties shows that nucleation is affected in a predictable manner depending on the beta-sheet propensity and hydrophobicity of residue 18. In addition, we observe a direct proportionality between the lag time and the rate of aggregation. These data imply that the two reactions, nucleation and polymerization, are governed by very similar physicochemical principles and that they involve the formation of the same types of noncovalent interactions.
Topical Nifedipine vs. Topical Glyceryl Trinitrate for Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure (2003)

Topical application of nifedipine for management of chronic anal fissure was more effective and had fewer side effects than topical glyceryl trinitrate. Recurrence was frequent with both drugs.
Monitoring protein stability and aggregation <i>in vivo</i> by real-time fluorescent labeling (2003)

In vivo fluorescent labeling of an expressed protein has enabled the observation of its stability and aggregation directly in bacterial cells. Mammalian cellular retinoic acid-binding protein I (CRABP I) was mutated to incorporate in a surface-exposed omega loop the sequence Cys-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-Cys, which binds specifically to a biarsenical fluorescein dye (FlAsH). Unfolding of labeled tetra-Cys CRABP I is accompanied by enhancement of FlAsH fluorescence, which made it possible to determine the free energy of unfolding of this protein by urea titration in cells and to follow in real time the formation of inclusion bodies by a slow-folding, aggregationprone mutant (FlAsH-labeled P39A tetra-Cys CRABP I). Aggregation in vivo displayed a concentration-dependent apparent lag time similar to observations of protein aggregation in purified in vitro model systems.
Calidad de la enseñanza en la Universidad de Granada (2001)

La calidad de la docencia universitaria es un deber social de la universidad. En este trabajo, tras reflexionar sobre el significado de la calidad en educación superior y sobre la indivisibilidad del binomio calidad-evaluación, se presenta el plan de calidad de la Universidad de Granada para el cuatrienio 2001-2004. Este plan contiene tres programas (Evaluación, Mejora e Innovación y Excelencia Docente) que se detallan en una serie de acciones. El objetivo general es promover la excelencia docente y alcanzar reconocimiento y acreditación nacional e internacional. Al final se expone el balance de los principales resultados alcanzados.
Routing mechanism for a DTN using WSN nodes for localization applications (2011)

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are generally characterized by long and variable delays due to intermittent connectivity. This lack of connectivity make most of the existing routing protocols in WSNs not applicable in DTNs (The performance of such networks depends on connectivity and mobility of some nodes). We propose in this paper a new routing mechanism for a DTN using WSN nodes for localization or traceability applications. Our routing mechanism exploits node mobility by allowing stations that come into contact with fixed or mobile nodes, to collect, to exchange and even to pass around information called contact events, that need to be fetched towards a collect point. We defined rules (filters) to decide which contact event must be sent or dropped by nodes. We also define the modeling approach to reproduce mobile activities in confined environments such as mines. We also evaluate our routing mechanism through simulations representing mining activity for which a set of mobile nodes plays the role of miners.
Multicast routing algorithms for real-time communication on high speed networks (1999)

In this dissertation, we propose an Optimal Constrained Steiner Tree (OCST) algorithm for finding optimal solutions for the constrained Steiner tree problem. In addition, we propose some pruning schemes to reduce the size of the solution space and the running time of our proposed algorithm. Empirical studies shows that our pruning schemes are indeed effective in reducing the running time of the proposed algorithm substantially, thus making it a viable approach for constructing optimal solutions to the constrained Steiner tree problem.
Portable device for the detection of colorimetric assays (2017)

In this work, a low-cost, portable device is developed to detect colorimetric assays for in-field and point-of-care (POC) analysis. The device can rapidly detect both pH values and nitrite concentrations of five different samples, simultaneously. After mixing samples with specific reagents, a high-resolution digital camera collects a picture of the sample, and a single-board computer processes the image in real time to identify the hue-saturation-value coordinates of the image. An internal light source reduces the effect of any ambient light so the device can accurately determine the corresponding pH values or nitrite concentrations. The device was purposefully designed to be low-cost, yet versatile, and the accuracy of the results have been compared to those from a conventional method. The results obtained for pH values have a mean standard deviation of 0.03 and a correlation coefficient <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.998. The detection of nitrites is between concentrations of 0.4-1.6 mg l<sup>-1</sup>, with a low detection limit of 0.2 mg l<sup>-1</sup>, and has a mean standard deviation of 0.073 and an <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> value of 0.999. The results represent great potential of the proposed portable device as an excellent analytical tool for POC colorimetric analysis and offer broad accessibility in resource-limited settings.
Communication: Strong excitonic and vibronic effects determine the optical properties of Li2O2 (2011)

The band structure and optical absorption spectrum of lithium peroxide (Li(2)O(2)) is calculated from first-principles using the G(0)W(0) approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter equation, respectively. A strongly localized (Frenkel type) exciton corresponding to the π(∗)→σ(∗) transition on the O(2)(-2) peroxide ion gives rise to a narrow absorption peak around 1.2 eV below the calculated bandgap of 4.8 eV. In the excited state, the internal O(2)(-2) bond is significantly weakened due to the population of the σ(∗) orbital. As a consequence, the bond is elongated by almost 0.5 Å leading to an extreme Stokes shift of 2.6 eV. The strong vibronic coupling entails significant broadening of the excitonic absorption peak in good agreement with diffuse reflectance data on Li(2)O(2) which shows a rather featureless spectrum with an absorption onset around 3.0 eV. These results should be important for understanding the origin of the high potential losses and low current densities, which are presently limiting the performance of Li-air batteries.
HRas-dependent pathways can activate morphological and genetic markers of cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy. (1993)

We have investigated the role of the proto-oncogene HRas in cardiac cell growth and hypertrophy. By direct needle microinjection of activated Ras protein into primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiac myocytes, we find that, unlike many other cell types, Ras does not induce DNA synthesis in these cells. However, injection of activated Ras does induce expression of both the c-Fos and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) genes. Expression of both these genes is associated with the hypertrophic response in ventricular myocytes suggesting that Ras is involved in the hypertrophic signalling pathway. Ras injection also causes morphological changes in the cells so that they increase in profile and show changes in the organization of the contractile apparatus. Further support for a role for Ras in the hypertrophic response was obtained from studies showing that activated Ras stimulates ANF promoter activity in transient transfection assays. We also show that a dominant interfering Ras mutant inhibits the hypertrophic stimulation of the ANF promoter by phenylephrine, indicating a role for Ras in the hypertrophic effect of an alpha-adrenergic agonist.
A Taxonomy of Modeling Techniques using Sketch-Based Interfaces (2008)

Traditional user interfaces in modeling have followed the WIMP (Window, Icon, Menu, Pointer) paradigm. While functional and powerful, they can also be cumbersome and daunting to a novice user; creating a complex model requires much expertise and effort. A recent trend is toward more accessible and natural interfaces, which has lead to sketch-based interfaces for modeling (SBIM). The goal is to allow hand-drawn sketches to be used in the modeling process, from rough model creation through to fine detail construction. Mapping 2D sketches to a 3D modeling operation is a difficult and ambiguous task, so our categorization is based on how an SBIM application chooses to interpret a sketch, of which there are three primary methods: to create a 3D model, to add details to an existing model, or to deform and manipulate a model. In this STAR, we present a taxonomy of sketchbased interfaces focused on geometric modeling applications. The canonical and recent works are presented and classified, including techniques for sketch acquisition, filtering, and interpretation. The report also includes a discussion of important challenges and open problems for researchers to tackle in the coming years.
Visual programming in the interface construction (2003)

The Interface Construction Set (InterCONS) is a visual language and environment. It consists of a data-flow language, an editor for building and testing data-flow programs and making presentation views of the programs, libraries for holding completed programs, and a presentation system for interacting with finished programs and sequences of programs. The author describes the data-flow language and its primitives for arithmetic, logic, interactive control, path control, visual output, and program control. The execution model is also described. InterCONS is useful for experimenting with interactive controls and building models of interactive applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Temperature effects on GTO characteristics (2002)

The turn-off characteristics and forward conduction drop of gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs) are examined over a temperature range of -150 to 125/spl deg/C. The forward conduction drop and dynamic performance of these GTOs are discussed and compared to the behavior of other types of thyristors, such as SCRs and MOS-controlled thyristors (MCTs). An analytical description of the forward conduction voltage drop is developed. Particular emphasis is on the low-temperature behavior of the GTOs as it relates to high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power electronics applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using rank propagation and Probabilistic counting for Link-Based Spam Detection (2006)

This paper describes a link-based technique for automating the detection of Web spam, that is, pages using deceptive techniques for obtaining an undeservedly high score in search engines. The problem of Web spam is widespread and difficult to solve, mostly due to the large size of the Web that makes many algorithms infeasible in practice. We propose spam detection techniques that only consider the link structure of Web, regardless of page contents. In particular, we compute statistics of the links in the vicinity of every Web page applying rank propagation and probabilistic counting over the Web graph. These statistical features are used to build a classifier that is tested over a large collection of Web link spam. After ten-fold cross-validation, our best classifier can detect about 80 % of the spam hosts with a rate of false positives of 2%. This is competitive with state-of-the-art spam classifiers that use content attributes. 1.
Molecular Mechanisms of Proline-Mediated Tolerance to Toxic Heavy Metals in Transgenic Microalgae (2002)

Pro has been shown to play an important role in ameliorating environmental stress in plants and microorganisms, including heavy metal stress. Here, we describe the effects of the expression of a mothbean delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We show that transgenic algae expressing the mothbean P5CS gene have 80% higher free-Pro levels than wild-type cells, grow more rapidly in toxic Cd concentrations (100 microM), and bind fourfold more Cd than wild-type cells. In addition, Cd-K edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure studies indicated that Cd does not bind to free Pro in transgenic algae with increased Pro levels but is coordinated tetrahedrally by sulfur of phytochelatin. In contrast to P5CS-expressing cells, Cd is coordinated tetrahedrally by two oxygen and two sulfur atoms in wild-type cells. Measurements of reduced/oxidized GSH ratios and analyses of levels of malondialdehyde, a product of the free radical damage of lipids, indicate that free Pro levels are correlated with the GSH redox state and malondialdehyde levels in heavy metal-treated algae. These results suggest that the free Pro likely acts as an antioxidant in Cd-stressed cells. The resulting increased GSH levels facilitate increased phytochelatin synthesis and sequestration of Cd, because GSH-heavy metal adducts are the substrates for phytochelatin synthase.
Advances in Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (2007)

Imaging is central to radiation oncology practice, with advances in radiation oncology occurring in parallel to advances in imaging. Targets to be irradiated and normal tissues to be spared are delineated on computed tomography (CT) scans in the planning process. Computer-assisted design of the radiation dose distribution ensures that the objectives for target coverage and avoidance of healthy tissue are achieved. The radiation treatment units are now recognized as state-of-the-art robotics capable of three-dimensional soft tissue imaging immediately before, during, or after radiation delivery, improving the localization of the target at the time of radiation delivery, to ensure that radiation therapy is delivered as planned. Frequent imaging in the treatment room during a course of radiation therapy, with decisions made on the basis of imaging, is referred to as image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT). IGRT allows changes in tumor position, size, and shape to be measured during the course of therapy, with adjustments made to maximize the geometric accuracy and precision of radiation delivery, reducing the volume of healthy tissue irradiated and permitting dose escalation to the tumor. These geometric advantages increase the chance of tumor control, reduce the risk of toxicity after radiotherapy, and facilitate the development of shorter radiotherapy schedules. By reducing the variability in delivered doses across a population of patients, IGRT should also improve interpretation of future clinical trials.
Topically applied KTTKS: a review (2011)

Skin ageing is an irreversible process that is caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The possibility of arresting or delaying skin ageing represents a large research area and has a big potential in the cosmetics sector. Recently, the polypeptide lysine-threonine-threonine-lysine-serine (KTTKS) has attracted a lot of attention and it features in numerous up-market cosmetic products where it has become erroneously associated with the term 'pentapeptide'. In this study, we review in detail KTTKS and its major derivatives, in terms of the limited information in the literature and an appraisal of its physicochemical and theoretical skin permeation properties. There appears to be a sound in vitro basis for its action on fibroblasts due to its stimulatory effect on extracellular matrix synthesis, where the stimulatory effect of KTTKS is specific to collagen types I and III and fibronectin expression. However, there is a surprising absence of in vitro skin penetration data in the literature, and there are relatively few clinical studies using these materials.
A framework for information systems planning for e‐business (2001)

E‐business information systems are computer applications that leverage intra‐ and inter‐firm process and systems integration. Considering the growth and strategic importance of e‐business, while it is important for organizations to carefully plan for and architect e‐business systems, none of the existing information systems planning models is adequate for the task. An e‐business architecture planning model is developed by identifying 12 generic e‐business models and three axes on which drivers of the information architecture needs of e‐business firms fall. Sowa and Zachman’s information architecture is augmented to further facilitate e‐business information systems architecture planning.
Special Feature Component Progress: Its Effect on High-Speed Computer Architecture and Machine Organization (1978)

Anyone concerned with understanding the past, present, and future of high-speed computing must of necessity focus on progress in the components field. He must formulate searching questions about the outlook of that technology and how it affects progress in high-speed computer development.
A Team-Based Protocol and Electromagnetic Technology Eliminate Feeding Tube Placement Complications (2010)

Feeding tube placement by a dedicated team using electromagnetic tracking eliminates the morbidity and mortality of this common hospital procedure. Blind placement is not acceptable in awake, alert patients.