gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alpha-thalassemia caused by a large (62 kb) deletion upstream of the human alpha globin gene cluster (1990)

We describe a family in which alpha-thalassemia occurs in association with a deletion of 62 kilobases from a region upstream of the alpha globin genes. DNA sequence analysis has shown that the transcription units of both alpha genes downstream of this deletion are normal. Nevertheless, they fail to direct alpha globin synthesis in an interspecific hybrid containing the abnormal (alpha alpha)RA chromosome. It seems probable that previously unidentified positive regulatory sequences analogous to those detected in a corresponding position of the human beta globin cluster are removed by this deletion.
TREATMENT OF THE IDIOPATHIC RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME WITH A CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (1972)

GREGORY, G. A.; KITTERMAN, J. A.; PHIBBS, R. H.; TOOLEY, W. H.; HAMILTON, W. K. Author Information
Functional identification of genes up- and down-regulated by glucocorticoids in AtT-20 pituitary cells using an enhancer trap. (1996)

The AtT-20/D1 mouse pituitary tumor cell line has been used to study glucocorticoid regulation of POMC. We have used an enhancer trap to determine whether other glucocorticoid-regulated genes exist in AtT-20 cells. An enhancer trap is a recombinant construction containing a selectable marker driven by a promoter that has been weakened by removal of its enhancers so that the transfected trap is only expressed if it comes under the influence of an endogenous enhancer. For a selectable marker, we used a fusion gene coding for hygromycin phosphotransferase (Hy) and herpes simplex thymidine kinase. Thus, expression of this gene conferred hygromycin resistance and ganciclovir sensitivity. Suppression resulted in ganciclovir resistance and hygromycin sensitivity. An enhancerless promoter was produced using a truncated, transcriptionally inactive, form of the POMC promoter. AtT-20/D1 cells were transfected with this construct and cultured in medium containing hygromycin to kill any cells not expressing the Hy gene. The survivors were cultured in medium containing ganciclovir and dexamethasone and cloned. Clones in which the transgene was down-regulated by dexamethasone survived and were designated AtT-20/NET (for negative enhancer trap). Northern blot analysis confirmed that the transgene was down-regulated by dexamethasone as expected and that in at least one instance, suppression of the transgene was more complete than suppression of the full-length POMC promoter. Southern blot analysis after restriction enzyme digestion showed that each cell clone contained a single copy of the transgene, and PCR analysis of the promoter region showed that insertion had occurred in two unique sites in at least two cell clones. Another plasmid construct was prepared that contained the selectable gene but lacked any promoter elements. After transfection of AtT-20 cells with this vector, up-regulated enhancers were trapped by selection in hygromycin and dexamethasone followed by ganciclovir alone and designated AtT-20/PET cells (for positive enhancer trap). Up-regulation of the selectable gene in AtT-20/PET cells was confirmed by Northern blot analysis of dexamethasone-treated cells. In summary, glucocorticoid-regulated enhancers have been identified in AtT-20/D1 cells by an enhancer trap strategy that uses sequential selection under conditions that test whether the transgene is active. These results indicate that in addition to the well characterized, down-regulated POMC gene, there are other glucocorticoid-regulated genes in AtT-20/D1 cells that are both up-regulated and down-regulated by glucocorticoids.
Development of Combustion Behavior Analysis Techniques in the Ultra High Engine Speed Range (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to clarify the combustion behavior in the ultra high engine speed range, a new technique has been developed. This technique is composed of ionization current detection and flame observation, and is highly heat-resistant, vibration-resistant, and has a quick response. From analyzing the flame front propagation in the high-speed research engine, it was found that the flame propagated throughout the entire cylinder over almost the same crank angle period irrespective of engine speed introduction.</div>
Improvement of Burst Error Correction Using a Look-Up Table with Low Density Parity Check Coding for Compressed Ultraspectral Sounder Data (2006)

Low density parity check (LDPC) codes have the ability to transmit data at rates approaching channel capacity with very low error probability. Our study of LDPC codes on JPEG2000-compressed ultraspectral sounder data shows that for an LDPC encoder designed with certain input parameters, the LDPC decoder is able to correct all single errors and two-bit burst errors. Furthermore, our analysis on a massive variety of 3- and 4-bit burst error scenarios indicates that the locations of LDPC-uncorrected errors for 3- and 4-bit burst errors appear to be fixed, regardless of the content of the input data. We propose a look-up table based error correction method to correct errors surviving from the LDPC decoder for 3- and 4-bit burst errors.
Visualization of Automotive Catalytic Converter Internal Flows (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Internal flow details of a prototype dual-bed monolith converter were determined in water-flow visualization tests run on a full-scale transparent acrylic model. Using steadily flowing water seeded with a small quantity of tracer particles, fluid motion within transparent sections of the flow model was deduced from particle pathlines illuminated with a thin plane of laser light. Flow in the inlet transition separated from the diffuser walls and impinged as a constant-diameter jet on the leading face of the first monolith. Velocity profiles from streak photographs showed that the level of flow maldistribution in the first monolith was a function of Reynolds number. Secondary air injected between the monoliths was uniformly distributed along the major axis of the converter under all flow conditions. At dilution ratios of 16% or more the jet penetration was adequate to provide a uniform, well-mixed diluent distribution.</div>
On Lock-Free Programming Patterns (2016)

Lock-free programming is a well-known technique for multithreaded programming. Lock-free programming is a way to share changing data among several threads without paying the cost of acquiring and releasing locks. On practice, parallel programming models must include scalable concurrent algorithms and patterns. Lock-free programming patterns play an important role in scalability. This paper is devoted to lockfree data structures and algorithms. Our task was to choose the data structures for the concurrent garbage collector. We aim to provide a survey of lock-free patterns and approaches, estimate the potential performance gain for lock-free solutions. By our opinion, the most challenging problem for concurrent programming is the coordination and data flow organizing, rather than relatively low-level data structures. So, as the most promising from the practical point of view lock-free programming pattern, we choose the framework based on the Software Transactional Memory. Key-Words: parallel programming, thread, lock, mutex, semaphore, scalability, atomic
Myelin basic protein‐specific T‐cell responses in identical twins discordant or concordant for multiple sclerosis (1993)

Although multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be an autoimmune disease, the target antigen of the immune response is unknown. Both myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) have been considered candidate autoantigens. Because the immune response to either foreign or self antigens is influenced by the genetic background of the host, the importance of these candidate antigens has been difficult to establish in humans because of genetic diversity. To eliminate genetic differences in MS patients and healthy controls, we have studied the MBP-specific T-cell response in 6 sets of identical twins, 3 of which were concordant and 3 discordant for MS. A total of 638 short-term T-cell lines were established and characterized for MBP-specific proliferative and cytotoxic activity, fine specificity, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction. Similar frequencies of MBP-specific T cells were observed in affected and unaffected individuals. A slightly higher percentage of cytotoxic T-cell lines was found in affected individuals. For most of the cell lines, the restriction elements were the HLA class II antigens that have been reported previously to be associated with MS; no important differences with respect to HLA restriction were found between the patients and healthy individuals. The peptide epitopes of MBP that were recognized most frequently by the T-cell lines were those previously shown to be immunodominant. Differences in specificity were seen in some discordant twins indicating that, despite genetic identity, the MBP-specific T-cell repertoire may be shaped differently. These findings indicate that differences in frequency, peptide specificity, or HLA restriction are not sufficient to implicate MBP-specific T cells in the pathogenesis of MS. However, the T-cell response to MBP may still represent one necessary component with disease occurring when this response is combined with other host characteristics such as regulation of cytokine-, adhesion molecule-, or HLA-antigen expression in the nervous system or immunoregulatory mechanisms.
Effect of Phosphate Treatment on Carcass-Weight Changes and Organoleptic Quality of Cut-Up Chicken (1963)

WEIGHT loss from eviscerated chicken carcasses due to dehydration is a common problem in the commercial processing industry. The changes in carcass weight during processing and holding of whole carcasses have been investigated by many workers including Bigbee and Dawson (1961), Fromm and Monroe (1958), Kotula et al. (1960a, b), Thomson et al. (1961), and Tarver et al. (1956). Cut-up birds, held in a fresh state, lose more moisture than whole carcasses. Jordan and Saunders (1958) reported a 1.9 percent loss and a 0.6 percent loss when broilers were cut up in commercial plants and retail stores, respectively. Heitz (1958) estimated that shrinkage amounted to slightly more than 6 percent under commercial conditions. Mountney and Winter (1961a) cutup carcasses one day after processing and stored them at 33° and 40°F, for 4, 8, and 12 days. Those carcasses which had been cut into 7 or 14 pieces lost more weight …
A Study of the Favorskii Rearrangement with 3-Bromo-4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of the Favorskii Rearrangement with 3-Bromo-4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxylGeorge Sosnovsky and Zhen-wei CaiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 11, 3414–3418Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00116a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00116a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views776Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Single Receiver Emitter Geolocation Based on Signal Periodicity With Oscillator Instability (2014)

We propose a method for localizing a stationary emitter, not necessarily cooperative, using a single moving receiver based on time of arrival (TOA) measurements. The sensor intercepts the incoming signal at different locations along its trajectory, thus, effectively creating an array of spatially separated sensors. This manuscript presents the method and its performance in the presence of noise and oscillator instability. The proposed method provides a few advantages over the traditional multi-sensor TOA method. These include the economic aspect of using a single receiver instead of several ones, synchronization between stations is not required since only a single sensor is used, on line optimization of the emitter-sensor geometry in order to improve performance (path design, number of data collection points, etc.), and finally, there is no requirement to transmit data between sensors. The method is applicable to any signal as long as it includes a portion that appears periodically such as a synchronization sequence, or a signal whose transmission time intervals are known, even if they are not identical. We derive the Cramér-Rao lower bound, perform small error analysis for the algorithm, and corroborate the results with simulations. We show that reasonable localization results can be obtained under realistic conditions.
Analysis of Fire Accident on Power Line for DC Electric Traction Vehicles (2010)

Abstract : This paper describes a cause of fire accidents on power system fire DC electric traction vehicles. We investigated fire scene of power line for DC electric traction vehicles. From analysis results, the cause of fire on power line turned out line to ground fault between a feeder of electric power services(pantagraph) and DC electric traction vehicle roof. Fire accident of DC electric traction vehicles be assumed that electric sparks had been produced bet-ween the pantagraph and the power line conductor by repetitively making contact and separation, maybe if some material like branches get in between connecting rod it makes progress line to ground fault. ZnO arresters are widely used to protect DC electric traction vehicles against overvoltages caused by lightning or switching surges. However, the arresters are deteriorated by commercial overvoltages and/or lightning one. The deteriorated arresters could lead power failures, such as line to ground fault by a thermal runaway resulting from the increases in leakage current even in a nominal power system voltage. Finally, the power failures would be causative of the fire accident.
Neuropsychological outcomes of several storage diseases with and without bone marrow transplantation (1995)

Neuropsychological assessment is essential in providing documentation of the untreated natural history of storage diseases associated with dementia and quantifying the effectiveness of treatment on central nervous system function. Baseline characterization and outcome of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for three leukodystrophies and three mucopolysaccharidoses are presented. Results suggests that BMT for Hurler syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy, and globoid cell leukodystrophy can be effective in preventing dementia if done early enough in the disease. Sanfilippo and Hunter syndromes do not benefit and BMT is not recommended. For metachromatic leukodystrophy, BMT is not recommended for symptomatic early-onset forms of the disease. Further longitudinal follow-up is needed to determine whether the benefits outweigh the risks of BMT for late-onset and preclinical metachromatic leukodystrophy.
Nonuniform alteration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) tissue distribution in dogs with whole body hyperthermia. (1990)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of cisplatin (CDDP) in euthermic and hyperthermic dogs to determine if hyperthermic alteration of tissue CDDP concentration is uniform. Eighteen female beagle dogs received 20, 50, or 80 mg/m2 CDDP by constant infusion for 60 min under normothermic or hyperthermic conditions (n = 3/subgroup). Blood, plasma, and ultrafiltered plasma samples were collected during the infusion. At termination of infusion, animals were immediately sacrificed, all major tissues were collected, and platinum levels were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Platinum concentrations in all blood fractions of hyperthermic dogs tended to be lower than those of normothermic dogs. The correlation between dose and blood area under the concentration-time curve was linear at both temperatures. Each tissue concentration was normalized for that individual dog's blood area under the curve. The ratio of relative extraction at 42 degrees C to that at 37 degrees C were compared for each tissue. Values of 1.0 were interpreted as indicating uniform relative tissue extraction at each temperature. Values of greater than 2.0 were obtained in lung and ileum, while values of greater than 1.5 were obtained in liver, adrenal, stomach, colon, duodenum, spleen, and pancreas. Values of less than 1.0 were obtained in skin and superficial lymph nodes. These results indicate that hyperthermia significantly alters the pattern of CDDP tissue disposition in a nonuniform manner and that pharmacokinetic data obtained at one temperature, e.g., areas under the curve, cannot be used to directly predict tissue concentrations at another temperature.
Volumetric Thermoacoustic Imaging over Large Fields of View (2013)

The thermoacoustic (TA) contrast mechanism relies on rapid tissue heating and subsequent thermal expansion. TA computerized tomography (TCT) is therefore inverse source imaging. The TA contrast mechanism provides information complementary to that revealed by current diagnostic imaging techniques, but has been limited to just a few centimeters depth penetration. In this article, whole organ TCT is demonstrated on a large swine kidney. TA sinograms show that TA signal generated by high-power, very high frequency (VHF) electromagnetic pulses is detectable after travel through 6 cm of soft tissue. Reconstructed images provide resolution sufficient to track progression of calyces throughout the kidney. Because VHF electromagnetic energy can easily penetrate the abdomen of large adults, our results indicate that whole organ TA imaging is feasible in vivo, provided an ultrasound array can be placed near the region of interest. Pulses of 22 to 25 kW with carrier frequency 108 MHz and 900 ns pulse width were applied at a 100-Hz pulse repetition frequency to generate a 13-kV/m electric field and TA signal. Only 2 to 5 mJ was absorbed in the kidney per pulse, causing temperature and pressure jumps of only 5e-6°C and 4 Pa averaged throughout the 141-g specimen. TA pulses were detected by focused, single-element transducers (V306, Panametrics), amplified by 54 dB and averaged 64 times to reduce electronic noise. Data were measured over a cylindrical measurement aperture of radius 5 cm and length 6 cm, by rotating the specimen 1.8 degrees between tomographic views and translating 2 mm between slices. Reconstruction via filtered backprojection yields in-plane resolution better than 5 mm, but suffers significant blurring between planes. Both in-plane resolution and slice sensitivity profile could be improved by applying shorter irradiation pulsewidths and using less directional transducers. Both hardware changes would be recommended for a clinical prototype.
Identification of Novel and Known miRNAs in Deep‐Sequencing Data with miRDeep2 (2011)

miRNAs comprise an abundant class of small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in a wide range of biological processes by post-transcriptional regulation of a large fraction of animal genes. High-throughput sequencing machines and the availability of completely sequenced genomes make it possible to reliably identify miRNAs with computational methods. This unit documents how to use the miRDeep2 software package to identify novel and known microRNAs in small RNA deep-sequencing data. Moreover, the usage of miRDeep2 to profile miRNA expression across samples is illustrated.
On multi-UAV scheduling for human operator target identification (2011)

We address the problem of a single human operator in charge of monitoring multiple UAVs in a reconnaissance mission. The human operator must classify targets as they appear on video feeds from the various aircraft as friends or foes. We introduce the idea of the human monitoring a single screen and a decision aid that automatically selects the video feed to be displayed on that screen. In this setting and given that the location of the targets is unknown and decision must be made in real time, the challenge here addressed is the development of a scheduling strategy which queues the video feeds in such a way that no target is missed and all targets are looked at for a specified amount of time. We present a Linear Programming (LP) formulation to this problem for the simple case of two UAVs and two equidistant targets. We develop an online algorithm that uses this LP as a building block to be applied to the more general case of multiple non- equidistant targets. We further show that in order to guarantee the feasibility of the scheduling strategy and ensure that no targets are missed it is sufficient to enforce a lower bound on the distance between targets.
Evaluation of electrodes coated with metal hexacyanoferrate as amperometric sensors for nonelectroactive cations in flow systems (1990)

Abstract Two electrodes modified with either nickel or cupric hexacyanoferrate films were evaluated and compared as sensors for nonelectroactive cations in a flow‐injection system. Both gave responses for group 1A and ammonium ions, but only the electrode modified with cupric hexacyanoferrate was sufficiently stable for use in flowing solutions. This electrode responded to K + , NH , Rb + , and Cs + ions rather selectively. Within this group, the selectivity could be controlled from general to almost specific toward Cs + by the potential at which the electrode was poised. The electrode was compatible with a mobile phase of dilute nitric acid commonly used in ion chromatography, and chromatographic detection limits of 2 × 10 −7 M and linear responses over two decades were obtained. The electrode was applied to the ion chromatographic analysis of K + and NH in urine and K + in blood serum samples.
Generating API Call Rules from Version History and Stack Overflow Posts (2017)

Researchers have shown that related functions can be mined from groupings of functions found in the version history of a system. Our first contribution is to expand this approach to a community of applications and set of similar applications. Android developers use a set of application programming interface (API) calls when creating apps. These API calls are used in similar ways across multiple applications. By clustering co-changing API calls used by 230 Android apps across 12k versions, we are able to predict the API calls that individual app developers will use with an average precision of 75% and recall of 22%. When we make predictions from the same category of app, such as Finance, we attain precision and recall of 81% and 28%, respectively. Our second contribution can be characterized as “programmers who discussed these functions were also interested in these functions.” Informal discussions on Stack Overflow provide a rich source of information about related API calls as developers provide solutions to common problems. By grouping API calls contained in each positively voted answer posts, we are able to create rules that predict the calls that app developers will use in their own apps with an average precision of 66% and recall of 13%. For comparison purposes, we developed a baseline by clustering co-changing API calls for each individual app and generated association rules from them. The baseline predicts API calls used by app developers with a precision and recall of 36% and 23%, respectively.