gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical properties of self-curing concrete (SCUC) (2014)

In this study the effect of two different curing-agents has been examined in order to compare them for optimizing the performance of concrete. The first used type is the Pre-soaked lightweight aggregate (leca) with different ratios; 0.0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of volume of sand, and the second type is a chemical agent of polyethylene-glycol (Ch.) with different percentages; 1%, 2% and 3% of weight of cement. In the test programme performed in this study, three cement content; 300, 400 and 500 kg/m3, three different water-cement ratios; 0.5, 0.4, and 0.3, and two magnitudes of silica fume as a pozzolanic additive; 0.0% and 15% of cement weight, were used. The physical properties of concrete were evaluated at different ages, up to 28 days. The concrete specimens are subjected to dry-air curing regime (25 °c) during the experiment. The results show that the use of self-curing agent (Ch.) in concrete effectively improves the physical properties compared with conventional concrete. On the other hand, up to 15% saturated leca was effective while 20% saturated leca was effective for permeability and mass loss but adversely affects the sorptivity and volumetric water absorption. Self-curing agent Ch. was more effective than self-curing agent leca. In all cases, both 2% Ch. and 15% leca were the optimum values. Higher cement content and/or lower water–cement ratio leads to more effective results of self-curing agents in concrete. Incorporation of silica fume into concrete mixtures enhances all physical properties.
Complement localization in ischemic baboon myocardium. (1983)

Complement localization was examined by direct immunoperoxidase procedures on frozen sections of baboon myocardium obtained 24 hours after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. There was extensive localization of C3, C4, and C5 in most infarcted myocardial fibers; however, in these infarcted areas of myocardium, complement components were not found in myocytes immediately adjacent to either the endocardium or epicardium. Although C3, C4, and C5 were all present within the same myocardial fibers as assessed in adjacent serial sections, the light microscopic distribution of these components was dissimilar, i.e., C3 and C5 were present in both a granular and a diffuse pattern within myocytes, whereas C4 was always localized in a diffuse pattern. Complement components C3 and C5, but not C4, were also localized in the walls of small muscular arteries in infarcted myocardium. No complement was observed in myocardial fibers or blood vessels in normal baboon myocardium. Electron microscopic evaluation of C3 localization within infarcted myocardium indicated that C3 was associated with contractile elements of myocytes, as well as with membranes of myocyte nuclei, mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Within vascular smooth muscular cells, C3 was associated with myofilaments and mitochondrial membranes. Thus, the results of this study provide new information regarding the cellular and subcellular distribution of complement components in infarcted baboon myocardium. If this localization of C3, C4, and C5 is a result of their in situ activation within the ischemic myocardium, a variety of complement-derived phlogistic products would be expected to have been produced and to have effected, in part, the subsequent inflammatory response.
O-058 (2012)

Etai, Kloog; Kloog, Etai; Chudnovsky, Alexandra; Koutrakis, Petros; Schwartz, Joel Author Information
A case for spatial decision‐support systems in retail locationplanning (1995)

Despite some significant success stories, there has been only a slow diffusion of awareness of the benefits and application of site evaluation techniques in general, and the application of geographical information systems (GISs) in particular. Four types of factors that have hindered the development of the use of GISs as spatial decision support systems (SDSSs) are outlined: the balance between costs and benefits; the historical development of location and locational marketing strategy within retail businesses; establishment of the role of GISs as SDSSs; and an appreciation of the competitive advantage to be gained by appropriate use of GISs. Argues the latest generation of GISs boasts a number of features that are likely to make them more user friendly and easier to integrate into the total information systems environment within an organization. However, effective use of GISs as SDSSs also depends on full integration of GISs into the armoury of decision‐support tools used by retail managers.
Methanogenesis from acetate: Physiology of a thermophilic, acetate-utilizing methanogenic bacterium (1985)

The physiology is described of a thermophilic acetate-decarboxylating methanogenic bacterium grown with acetate as sole energy and carbon source. The organism had a optimal pH range of 7.3–7.5 and a temperature optimum for methanogenesis near 60°C; no growth occurred above 75°C. Addition of penicillin, d-cycloserine, vancomycin and ampicillin produced no inhibition of methanogenesis at low concentrations 10–100 mg/l). No requirement for growth factors was observed during exponential growth on acetate, but sulfide was found to be necessary for optimal growth. Growth yield was 1.7–2.3 g dry weight per mol of acetate utilized. The apparent Ks obtained for methanogenesis from acetate was 0.8 m mol/l.
Survey of ICT and Education in Africa : Burkina Faso Country Report (2007)

This short country report, a result of\n larger Information for Development Program\n (infoDev)-supported survey of Information and Communication\n Technologies (ICT) in education in Africa, provides a\n general overview of current activities and issues related to\n ICT use in education in the country. Developing the\n education system in Burkina Faso will involve equipping more\n people with a basic quality education and guaranteeing\n development in the post-primary education sector. Through\n these two main initiatives, Burkina Faso will strengthen its\n workforce and add to the number of skilled workers,\n professionals, and other contributors to its culture,\n economy, and status. Disparities in access based on\n location, gender, and age, in addition to the lack of rural\n communication structures, are Burkina's major\n constraints to universalizing ICT use. However, with a plan\n to develop ICT infrastructure in Burkina Faso, and an\n increasing demand for modern technologies and information,\n the education sector is welcoming progress toward the\n integration of ICT into its school systems, with the help of\n various partnerships from public and private organizations.
Association of gammaA/gamma' fibrinogen levels and coronary artery disease. (2002)

GammaA/gamma' fibrinogen is a fibrinogen isoform that constitutes about 15% of total plasma fibrinogen. This isoform contains an additional binding site for zymogen factor XIII and for active thrombin, and forms fibrin clots that are resistant to fibrinolysis in vitro. Little is known about the variability of gammaA/gamma' fibrinogen levels in human populations, whereas total fibrinogen levels are known to increase with age and are higher in women than in men. In this report, evidence is presented that, in contrast to total fibrinogen levels, gammaA/gamma' fibrinogen levels showed no significant association with age or gender in a population of normal blood donors. A study of gammaA/gamma' fibrinogen levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography also showed that gammaA/gamma' fibrinogen levels were higher on average in coronary artery disease patients than in patients without coronary artery disease, and that this association was independent of total fibrinogen levels.
Power analysis of gamma frequencies (30 – 47Hz), adjusting for muscle activity (80 – 97Hz), in anesthesia: A comparison between young adults, middle-aged and the elderly. (2008)

This study looks at the role of EEG gamma activity, and the influence of facial EMG (80-97 Hz), in predicting consciousness during anesthesia. It also studies the association between the conventional depth of anesthesia index, BIS (Aspect Medical Systems), and EEG gamma and EMG activity. Data has been collected from 21 adult patients and grouped into young adults (18 - 39 yrs, n=3), middle-aged (40 - 64 yrs, n=10) and the elderly (65+ yrs, n=8). The power of the EEG gamma activity was recorded from Fpz - Mastoid and the power of the EMG was recorded from Fpz - Mastoid and Masseter - Mastoid. It has been found that when considered alone, EEG gamma power is associated with both BIS index and consciousness versus unconsciousness, showing a decrease in power as consciousness is lost. When the effect of EEG gamma power is adjusted for EMG, it is found that generally these associations can be explained by the EMG power alone. There are two exceptions to this. In the young adults group there is a stronger association between BIS index and EEG gamma than there is between BIS index and EMG. In the elderly group, the state of consciousness is equally associated with EEG gamma and EMG recorded from the Masseter, but not with the EMG recorded from Fpz.
COMMUNITY DISASTER PLANNING (1965)

DAVIS, J H M.D., F.A.C.S.; THORNTON, J J M.D., F.A.C.S.; WECKESSER, E C M.D., F.A.C.S. Author Information
Micromachined structures for vertical microelectrooptical devices on InP (2002)

The field of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is currently emerging as one of the most important new technologies of 1990s. The silicon and related material-based micromachining has emerged as an extension of the integrated circuit's technology and has reached a high level of industrial development. For the III-V semiconductors, processing technology developed for microoptoelectronic devices can be transferred in the field of micromechanics with the monolithic integration of electro-optical functions. These materials offer superiority over silicon for Micro Opto Electro Mechanical Systems (MOEMS) that stems from both technological aspects (great flexibility and precision in micromachining) and intrinsic properties (direct band gap, piezoelectricity, heterostructure-based physical effects). The objective is to develop novel III-V semiconductor devices which combine optical and micro-electromechancal functions including optically-biased sensors, modulators, optical switches, wavelength tunable filters or sources operating in both sensing and actuating configurations.
Radio Resource Management for QoS Guarantees in Cyber-Physical Systems (2012)

The recent deployment of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) has emerged as a promising approach to provide extensive interaction between computational and physical worlds. For a large-scale distributed CPS comprising of numerous machines, sharing radio resource efficiently with the existing wireless networks while maintaining sufficient quality of service (QoS) for machine-to-machine (M2M) communications becomes an essential and challenging requirement. By clustering CPS machines as a swarm with the cluster head managing radio resources inside the swarm, spectrum sharing among numerous machines can be achieved in a distributed and scalable fashion. Specifically, we apply the recent innovation, cognitive radio, and a special mode in cognitive radio, interweave coexistence, to leverage machines to collect radio resource usage information for autonomous and interference-free radio resource management in the CPS. To reduce the communication overheads of channel sensing feed backing from machines, we apply compressive sensing to construct a spectrum map indicating the radio resource availability on any given locations within the CPS coverage. Such spectrum map resource management (SMRM) only utilizes a small portion of machines to perform channel sensing but enables distributed cluster-based spectrum sharing in an efficient way. Through the concept of effective capacity, the SMRM controls available resources to guarantee the QoS for communications of CPS. By evaluating the performance of the proposed SMRM in the most promising realization of CPS based on LTE-Advanced machine-type communications coexisting with LTE-Advanced Macrocells to utilize identical spectrum, the simulation results show effective QoS guarantees of CPS by SMRM in the realistic environments.
Enhancement of Lithium Anode Cyclability in Propylene Carbonate Electrolyte by  CO 2 Addition and Its Protective Effect Against  H 2 O  Impurity (1995)

The charge‐discharge behavior of a lithium metal anode in propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte containing added was investigated using in situ ac impedance measurements during galvanostatic cycling. In PC electrolyte with , the anode's cycle life was twice as long and its charge transfer resistance was smaller than in the same electrolyte without . These enhancements are observed only when lithium is electrodeposited in the presence of on nickel substrate; the enhancement does not occur when lithium is deposited without and is cycled with . Even large amounts of in the electrolyte during cycling do not adversely affect the cycle life enhancement by . The enhancement seems to be due to products formed by reaction of lithium with on the electrodeposited lithium surface.
Personas: moving beyond role-based requirements engineering (2006)

A primary vehicle for understanding the user in the context of the requirements for a system has been the role.For example, the role is captured through the use of actors in the use case diagram and use case descriptions.Recently, personas have been used in conjunction with scenarios in participatory design to go deeper into examining the different types of people who could play a role.A persona is an archetype of a fictional user representing a specific group of typical users.This paper expands the use of personas to scenario-based requirements engineering.Personas and scenarios are being used together for specifying requirements at Microsoft.The result of this combination has been a more comprehensive understanding of the target customers' behaviors to drive and refine our scenarios and subsequently our product development.
Optical Properties of V<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>between 0.25 and 5 eV (1968)

The optical constants of V${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ have been determined between 0.25 and 5 eV, both below and above the semiconductormetal transition temperature ${T}_{t}=340\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ K. Reflectivity and transmission spectra have been measured on both single crystals and thin films. The reflectivity spectra of the bulk crystals were measured with $E\ensuremath{\perp}c$ axis in the tetragonal phase (or $\ensuremath{\perp}a$ axis in the monoclinic phase) and $E\ensuremath{\parallel}$ to these axes. While there are some differences in magnitude between the dielectric constants obtained from thin-film and single-crystal measurements, the structural features are in good agreement. Below ${T}_{t}$ there are four prominent absorption peaks centered near photon energies of 0.85, 1.3, 2.8, and 3.6 eV. Above ${T}_{t}$ metallic free carrier absorption is observed below 2.0 eV, but the same two absorption peaks near 3 and 4 eV are present. The energy location and polarization dependence of these two higher energy peaks can be related to similar absorption peaks in rutile, and are interpreted using the rutile band structure. The results are consistent with a picture in which filled bands arising primarily from oxygen $2p$ orbitals are separated by approximately 2.5 eV from partially filled bands arising primarily from vanadium $3d$ orbitals. Transitions from the filled $2p$ bands are responsible for the high-energy peaks in the optical absorption in both the high- and low-temperature phases. In the high-temperature metallic phase there is evidence that there is overlap among the $3d$ bands such that at least two bands are partially occupied by the extra $d$-electron per vanadium ion. In the low-temperature semiconductor phase a band gap of approximately 0.6 eV opens up within the $3d$ bands separating two filled bands from higher lying empty bands. The two absorption peaks at 0.85 and 1.3 eV are due to transitions from these two filled bands.
The diffusion sensitivity of fast steady‐state free precession imaging (1993)

Steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging with an added field gradient pulse is strongly sensitive to self-diffusion and other motions of water. In an earlier theoretical analysis of diffusion attenuation due to a single gradient pulse Wu and Buxton (J. Magn. Reson. 90, 243, 1990) concluded that the diffusion sensitivity would be increased with smaller flip angles. In this paper a partial partition analysis of the different echo pathways contributing to the signal is used to illustrate the contribution of stimulated echo pathways with long diffusion times as the source of the enhanced diffusion sensitivity with low flip angles. Experimental imaging studies in phantoms and the brain of a human subject demonstrate substantially greater signal attenuation with small flip angles (< 30 degrees). The theoretical equation of Wu and Buxton provides a reasonable fit to the experimental data, accounting for the flip angle and TR dependence, but the estimated diffusion coefficients are larger than expected from previous studies. The large attenuation observed in the human studies, particularly in cerebrospinal fluid, is most likely due to other tissue motions. Both the theoretical calculations and the experimental data show that for the same gradient strength the diffusion sensitivity of SSFP is much greater than the diffusion sensitivity of conventional spin-echo methods.
Use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs): A study of Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India (2013)

This paper has made attempt to study the activities and reasons for using Social Networking Sites by the Post Graduate students and research scholars of Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India. A self structured questionnaire was distributed among the target population and primary data gathered through questionnaire were analysed and discussed in accordance with the objectives of the study. It was found that majority of the respondents to be aware and making use of such applications in their research work. The study also reveals that Facebook is the most popular SNSs among the all categories of students and research scholars.
Efficient immobilization of lipases by entrapment in hydrophobic sol‐gel materials (1996)

The commercial application of lipases as biocatalysts for organic synthesis requires simple but efficient methods to immobilize the enzyme, yielding highly stable and active biocatalysts which are easy to recover. In this study, we present a novel method to achieve lipase immobilization by entrapment in chemically inert hydrophobic silica gels which are prepared by hydrolysis of alkyl-substituted silanes in the presence of the enzyme. A typical immobilization procedure uses: an aqueous solution of lipase; sodium fluoride as a catalyst; and additives like polyvinyl alcohol or proteins and alkoxysilane derivatives like RSi-(OMe)3 with R = alkyl, aryl, or alkoxy as gel precursors. The effect of various immobilization parameters like stoichiometric ratio of water, silane, type and amount of additive, type and amount of catalyst, and type of silane has been carefully studied. The new method is applicable for a wide variety of lipases, yielding immobilized lipases with esterification activities enhanced by a factor of up to 88, compared to the commercial enzyme powders under identical conditions. Studies on the stability of sol-gel immobilized lipases under reaction conditions or storage (dry, in aqueous or organic medium) revealed an excellent retention of enzymatic activity. The possible reasons for the increased enzyme activities are discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the Practical and Security Issues of Batch Content Distribution Via Network Coding (2006)

File distribution via network coding has received a lot of attention lately. However, direct application of network coding may have security problems. In particular, attackers can inject "faked" packets into the file distribution process to slow down the information dispersal or even deplete the network resource. Therefore, content verification is an important and practical issue when network coding is employed. When network coding is used, it is infeasible for the source of the content to provide all the hash values or signatures required for verification, and hence the traditional "hash-and-sign" methods are no longer applicable. Recently, a new on-the-fly verification technique is proposed by Krohn et al. for rateless erasure codes. However, their scheme requires a large number of hash values to be distributed in advance, and all of them are needed to verify even for a single packet. We propose a new batch delivery and verification scheme that is similar to the classical scenario where the authentication information of a message is embedded with the message and is sufficient for the verification purpose. We investigate how our technique can be applied when random linear network coding is employed, and show that both the computational and the bandwidth overhead can be greatly reduced by using a variant of the random network coding. We further show by simulation that this variant is sufficiently effective in practice.
“Thrombin” receptor-directed ligand accounts for activation by thrombin of platelet phospholipase C and accumulation of 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides. (1991)

Using three experimental approaches, we have addressed the questions of whether the presence of saturably bound thrombin plays a role in potentiating the activation of platelet phospholipase C (PLC) and/or accumulation of the 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides (3-PPI), i.e. phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, and whether the generation of tethered ligand (Vu, T-K.H., Hung, D. T., Wheaton, V. I., and Coughlin, S. R. (1991) Cell 64, 1057-1068) by thrombin can account fully for thrombin's proteolytic effects in activating platelets, as gauged by the above parameters. We have 1) measured PLC activation or 3-PPI after we have exposed platelets to thrombin for various periods and either blocked thrombin's proteolytic activity without interrupting its binding or blocked both binding and proteolytic activity of thrombin; 2) attempted to potentiate 3-PPI accumulation, using combinations of protein kinase C stimulation, Ca2+ elevation, and saturating but proteolytically inactive thrombins; and 3) compared the activation of platelets by thrombin with activation by the "thrombin" receptor-directed peptide, SFLLRNPNDKYEPF (SFLL; a portion of the tethered ligand created by thrombin's proteolytic activity), and examined the effect of thrombin on this latter activation. We conclude that the initial and sustained effects of thrombin in stimulating PLC and the accumulation of 3-PPI are completely attributable to thrombin's proteolytic activity. Further, thrombin's effects in promoting these responses can be accounted for by the actions of SFLL peptide, and by implication, formation of tethered ligand.
Evidence for two schizophrenia susceptibility genes on chromosome 22q13 (2007)

At least two separable, but closely linked, loci within 22q13 influencing susceptibility to schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, might be possible.