gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Bismuth Copper Based Perovskite-Type Ceramics and their Piezoelectric Properties (2013)

The structural, and dielectric and piezoelectric properties of 0.3BaTiO 3 - 0.1 x ( x = Bi (Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 , Bi (Cu 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 , Bi (Cu 2/3 Nb 1/3 )O 3 , (Bi 1/2 K 1/2 )(Cu 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ) 0.6BiFeO 3 ceramics were studied. The relative density of all the samples was more than 94 %. A single perovskite phase was obtained for the samples, and the crystal structure was pseudo-cubic. The Curie temperature of x =Bi (Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 and Bi (Cu 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 system ceramics was higher than 400 °C. The apparent piezoelectric constant d 33 * of x =Bi (Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 , Bi (Cu 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 , Bi (Cu 2/3 Nb 1/3 )O 3 and (Bi 1/2 K 1/2 )(Cu 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 system ceramics was 311, 212, 75 and 70 pm/V, respectively.
ASCOCHLORIN, A NEW ANTIBIOTIC, FOUND BY PAPER-DISC AGAR-DIFFUSION METHOD. I (1968)

A new antibiotic, ascochlorin, C23H29O4Cl, was obtained from the filter cake of the fermented broth of Ascochyta viciae LIBERT. Ascochlorin inhibits plaque formation of both DNA and RNA viruses in the agar-diffusion plaque inhibition method. However, it showed no antiviral activity by the tube culture method. It showed cytotoxicity to chick embryo fibroblast monolayer and HeLa cells at a concentration of 0.3 meg/ml in tube culture. The anti biotic was obtained in two forms, the physical and chemical properties of which are described.
A <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> Group I Intron Ribozyme That Does Not Require 2‘ OH Groups on Its 5‘ Exon Mimic for Binding to the Catalytic Core (1997)

The recent increase in the population of immunocompromised patients has led to an insurgence of opportunistic human fungal infections. The lack of effective treatments against some of these pathogens makes it important to develop new therapeutic strategies. One such strategy is to target key RNAs with antisense compounds. We report the development of a model system for studying the potential for antisense targeting of group I self-splicing introns in fungal pathogens. The group I intron from the large ribosomal subunit RNA of mouse-derived Pneumocystis carinii has been isolated and characterized. This intron self-splices in vitro. A catalytically active ribozyme, P-8/4x, has been constructed from this intron to allow measurement of dissociation constants for potential antisense agents. At 37 degrees C, in 50 mM Hepes (25 mM Na+), 15 mM MgCl2, and 135 mM KCl at pH 7.5, the exogenous 5' exon mimic r(AUGACU) binds about 60 000 times more tightly to this ribozyme than to r(GGUCAU), a mimic of its complementary binding site on the ribozyme. This enhanced binding is due to tertiary interactions. This tertiary stabilization is increased by single deoxynucleotide substitutions in the exon mimic at every position except for the internal A, which is essentially unchanged. Thus 2' OH groups of the 5' exon mimic do not form stabilizing tertiary interactions with the P-8/4x ribozyme, in contrast to the Tetrahymena L-21 ScaI ribozyme. Furthermore, at 37 degrees C, the exogenous 5' exon mimic d(ATGACT) binds nearly 32 000 times more tightly to the P-8/4x ribozyme than to r(GGUCAU). Therefore, oligonucleotides without 2' OH groups can exploit tertiary stabilization to bind dramatically more tightly and with more specificity than possible from base pairing. These results suggest a new paradigm for antisense targeting: targeting the tertiary interactions of structural RNAs with short antisense oligonucleotides.
Microalgal Lipids Production and NitrogenPhosphorus Removal Using the Green Alga Neochloris oleoabundans (2010)

A Neochloris oleoabundans strain screened in our lab was demonstrated to have the ability to accumulate large quantities of triglycerides, the feedstock of biodiesel production, and to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater efficiently. Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) and response surface method (RSM) were used to study the effects of a large number of nutrients on cell growth and lipid accumulation. The optimized medium supported a lipid concentration of 641.4 mg/l and a cell density of 2.54 g/l, which were 4.5-fold and 2.2-fold of that obtained with the basic medium, modified Bristol medium (MBM), respectively. The capacity of the strain for phosphorus removal and nitrogen removal was investigated using artificial wastewater and municipal wastewater effluents. It was demonstrated that the strain could achieve near-zero residual phosphate and nitrogen at the end of cultivation when artificial wastewater contained up to 140 mg N-NO 3-/l and 47 mg P-PO43-/l. The rates of the removal of N-NO3- and P-PO4 3-, are 27.5 mg/l·d, and 9.4 mg/l·d, respectively under optimal conditions. It was observed that the nitrogen content of the wastewater effluent was not sufficient and additional nitrogen source (e.g., NaNO 3) of 70 mg/l was required for optimal cell growth, CO2 fixation, and phosphate removal.
Reversal of P‐glycoprotein‐mediated multi‐drug resistance by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl‐b in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (2009)

P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a major barrier to the effective chemotherapy of many cancers. Recent studies have shown that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway can reverse P-gp-mediated MDR. We investigated the expression of activated Akt (p-Akt) in 124 human gastric carcinoma tissue samples. Ubiquitous p-Akt expression was recorded in the majority (88/124). There was a significant correlation between p-Akt expression and the expression of P-gp. In the adriamycin-resistant MDR gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901/ADR, p-Akt expression was increased in comparison with the parental cell line SGC7901. Treatment of SGC7901/ADR cells with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reduced the expression of both p-Akt and P-gp. To explore the role of ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b in this regulatory pathway, SGC7901/ADR cells were transfected with a plasmid overexpressing wild-type Cbl-b. This down-regulated the expression of both p-Akt and P-gp. Furthermore, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs was partially reversed. These results demonstrate an important role for Cbl-b in reversing P-gp-mediated gastric cancer MDR through suppression of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and the down-regulation of P-gp expression.
Computational light junction temperature estimator for active thermal control (2016)

The junction temperature of power semiconductors in power converters must not exceed its maximum limits and it is of major importance for several failure mechanisms. But still, the junction temperature is hard to access. Direct measurement is not practical for industrial applications, indirect measurements require substantial effort and available junction temperature models have high calculation effort. This work develops a simple junction temperature estimator, which is applied for a maximum junction temperature limitation and the capability to be applied for further algorithm relying on the junction temperature, referring to active thermal control. It is experimentally shown, that a second order estimator is sufficient to achieve high bandwidth estimation.
Neutrophils Play a Protective Nonphagocytic Role in Systemic<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Infection of Mice (2000)

Evidence showing that neutrophils play a protective role in the host response to infection by different intracellular parasites has been published in the past few years. We assessed this issue with regard to the infection of mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We found a chronic recruitment of neutrophils to the infection foci, namely, to the peritoneal cavity after intraperitoneal infection and to the spleen and liver after intravenous inoculation of the mycobacteria. However, bacilli were never found associated with the recruited neutrophils but rather were found inside macrophages. The intravenous administration of the antineutrophil monoclonal antibody RB6-8C5 during the first week of infection led to selective and severe neutropenia associated with an enhancement of bacillary growth in the target organs of the mice infected by the intravenous route. The neutropenia-associated exacerbation of infection was most important in the liver, where a bacterial load 10-fold higher than that in nonneutropenic mice was found; the exacerbation in the liver occurred both during and after the neutropenic period. Early in infection by M. tuberculosis, neutropenic mice expressed lower levels of mRNAs for gamma interferon and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the liver compared to nondepleted mice. These results point to a protective role of neutrophils in the host defense mechanisms against M. tuberculosis, which occurs early in the infection and is not associated with the phagocytic activity of neutrophils but may be of an immunomodulatory nature.
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor II suppress neuropeptide Y release from the nerve terminals in the paraventricular nucleus: a putative hypothalamic site for energy homeostasis (1995)

It has been recently recognized that a distinct signaling pathway in the hypothalamus is involved in the stimulation of feeding in mammals. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a member of the pancreatic polypeptide family, is the most potent orexigenic signal, and its secretion in discrete hypothalamic sites increases in response to insulinopenia produced by food deprivation or experimental diabetes. To establish the site of interaction between the hypothalamus and the pancreas, we examined the effects of insulin on NPY release in vivo and in vitro from hypothalamic sites known to be involved in feeding behavior. In the first study we evaluated the effects of peripheral insulin injections (1 U/kg.day, sc) on NPY levels in seven hypothalamic nuclei in food-deprived (FD) and ad libitum-fed rats. Whereas food deprivation for 3 days increased NPY levels in the medial preoptic area, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and arcuate nucleus, insulin injections, which did not alter blood glucose levels, returned NPY levels to the control range selectively in the PVN. NPY levels in the hypothalamic nuclei remained unchanged after insulin injections in ad libitum-fed rats. The in vivo NPY release in the PVN of FD rats, evaluated by the push-pull cannula technique, also decreased in response to peripheral insulin injections. Finally, the effects of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and IGF-II on NPY release in vitro from the microdissected PVN and two central neighboring sites, the ventromedial nucleus and the median eminence-arcuate nucleus, of FD rats were evaluated. Both insulin (0.67 or 6.7 nM) and IGF-II (0.7 or 7.0 nM) decreased the release of NPY in a dose-dependent manner only from the PVN. On the other hand, IGF-I (0.07 or 7.0 nM) failed to alter the basal PVN NPY efflux. As the PVN is richly innervated by NPY-containing nerve terminals, the results of these in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that the site of insulin action on the hypothalamic NPY network may reside at the level of PVN nerve terminals or at the interneurons in contact with NPY nerve terminals. Although insulin may have a direct effect in reducing NPY release from the PVN, the effectiveness of IGF-II in decreasing NPY release from the PVN raises the possibility that insulin's action may also be mediated via hypothalamic IGF-II neuronal pathways.
Si Etching with High Aspect Ratio and Smooth Side Profile for Mold Fabrication (2006)

A silicon etching process for imprint mold fabrication is developed. For the imprint mold, an etching profile with a smooth side wall is fabricated in order to obtain good release characteristics. The alternative process using C4F8 plasma and SF6+O2 plasma is applied using an inductively coupled plasma etcher. The relation between the etching profiles and the process parameters is examined under various etching conditions. A vertical etching profile without a side wall scallop can be obtained at 60% O2 content. A pattern 0.12 µm wide with an aspect ratio of 27 is fabricated. A silicon mold is fabricated by the etching process under good etching conditions. Fine patterns on the mold are transferred to a 2-mm-thick poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) plate by the thermal imprinting. Since a mold pattern with a smooth side wall is used, the mold can be released from the PMMA substrate without difficulty. A fine pattern 0.12 µm in wide is transferred to the PMMA substrate.
THE REACTION OF ALKYLAMINES WITH CHLOROHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. II.<sup>1</sup> 2-AMINO-4-CHLORO-6-METHYLPYRIMIDINE (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REACTION OF ALKYLAMINES WITH CHLOROHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. II.1 2-AMINO-4-CHLORO-6-METHYLPYRIMIDINEALLISON MAGGIOLO and ARTHUR P. PHILLIPSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 3, 376–382Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01143a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01143a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-substituted benzodithiophene in donor-acceptor type semiconducting copolymers: A feasible approach to improve performances of organic photovoltaic cells (2014)

Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-substituted benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene donor units (TTBDT) serve as novel promising building blocks for donor–acceptor (D-A) copolymers in organic photovoltaic cells. In this study, a new D-A type copolymer (PTTBDT-TPD) consisting of TTBDT and thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) is synthesized by Stille coupling polymerization. A PTTBDT-TPD analog consisting of TTBDT and alkylthienyl-substituted BDT (PTBDT-TPD) is also synthesized to compare the optical, electrochemical, morphological, and photovoltaic properties of the polymers. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices are fabricated using the polymers as p-type donors and [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the n-type acceptor. The power conversion efficiencies of the devices fabricated using PTTBDT-TPD and PTBDT-TPD are 6.03 and 5.44%, respectively. The difference in efficiency is attributed to the broad UV–visible absorption and high crystallinity of PTTBDT-TPD. The replacement of the alkylthienyl moiety with thieno[3,2-b]thiophene on BDT can yield broad UV–visible absorption due to extended π-conjugation, and enhanced molecular ordering and orientation for organic photovoltaic cells. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3608–3616
Finite element predictions for the thermoelastic properties of nanotube reinforced polymers (2004)

The overall effective thermoelastic properties of nanotube reinforced polymers (NRP) were estimated numerically by using a finite element based procedure. Three-dimensional multi-inclusion periodic computer models were built for three different nanotube orientation states, namely, fully aligned, two-dimensional random in-plane and three-dimensional random states. The enhancement of the Young's modulus as well as the decrease of the thermal expansion coefficient were calculated numerically, assuming technologically relevant combinations of the nanotube aspect ratio and volume fraction. Maximal changes of the thermoelastic properties can be achieved in the longitudinal direction of NRPs with fully aligned carbon nanotubes whereas two-dimensional random in-plane and three-dimensional random composite morphologies exhibit more moderate enhancements but in more than one direction. Numerical predictions for the enhancements of the thermoelastic properties confirmed that carbon nanotubes can be considerably more effective for the reinforcement of polymers than conventional glass or carbon fibres.
A family of ubiquitin‐like proteins binds the ATPase domain of Hsp70‐like Stch (2000)

We have isolated two human ubiquitin-like (UbL) proteins that bind to a short peptide within the ATPase domain of the Hsp70-like Stch protein. Chap1 is a duplicated homologue of the yeast Dsk2 gene that is required for transit through the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and expression of the human full-length cDNA restored viability and suppressed the G2/M arrest phenotype of dsk2Delta rad23Delta Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants. Chap2 is a homologue for Xenopus scythe which is an essential component of reaper-induced apoptosis in egg extracts. While the N-terminal UbL domains were not essential for Stch binding, Chap1/Dsk2 contains a Sti1-like repeat sequence that is required for binding to Stch and is also conserved in the Hsp70 binding proteins, Hip and p60/Sti1/Hop. These findings extend the association between Hsp70 members and genes encoding UbL sequences and suggest a broader role for the Hsp70-like ATPase family in regulating cell cycle and cell death events.
Tribochromic compounds, exemplified by 3-dicyclopropylmethylene-5-dicyanomethylene-4-diphenylmethylenetetrahydrofuran-2-one (2000)

The title compound 2 is obtained as bright yellow metastable crystals, which on mechanical grinding change to the dark red stable form; unlike piezochromic compounds, the reverse colour change does not occur; X-ray crystallographic analyses shows that the yellow form has a folded structure while the red form has a twisted structure.
Software reliability predictions for distributed software (2002)

The software reliability literature contains several models for estimating software reliability at the end of system test. However, to enable better planning, project management often needs reliability predictions prior to system test. The paper presents a software reliability prediction model that extends the known results on software predictions to the case of a distributed software architecture. The model predictions are based on software code characteristics and the size of code as distributed on the system processors. In particular, the implications of having overlapping code executing on multiple processors are examined. It is shown that the predictions, under suitable assumptions on reliability growth during system test, can be used by project management to plan their test and release time intervals. To illustrate the ideas, the prediction model is applied to a telecommunications software project. The paper explains different methods of obtaining the values of software characteristics that are needed as input to the model.
DIMENSIONALITY BASED SCALE SELECTION IN 3D LIDAR POINT CLOUDS (2012)

Abstract. This papers presents a multi-scale method that computes robust geometric features on lidar point clouds in order to retrieve the optimal neighborhood size for each point. Three dimensionality features are calculated on spherical neighborhoods at various radius sizes. Based on combinations of the eigenvalues of the local structure tensor, they describe the shape of the neighborhood, indicating whether the local geometry is more linear (1D), planar (2D) or volumetric (3D). Two radius-selection criteria have been tested and compared for ﬁnding automatically the optimal neighborhood radius for each point. Besides, such procedure allows a dimensionality labelling, giving signiﬁcant hints for classiﬁcation and segmentation purposes. The method is successfully applied to 3D point clouds from airborne, terrestrial, and mobile mapping systems since no a priori knowledge on the distribution of the 3D points is required. Extracted dimensionality features and labellings are then favorably compared to those computed from constant size neighborhoods.
Synthesis of soluble high molecular weight poly(aryl ether ketones) containing bulky substituents (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of soluble high molecular weight poly(aryl ether ketones) containing bulky substituentsWilhelm Risse and Dotsevi Y. SogahCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 18, 4029–4033Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00220a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views715Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (633 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Substrate-decoupled, bulk-acoustic wave gyroscopes: Design and evaluation of next-generation environmentally robust devices (2016)

Abstract This paper reports on a new type of high-frequency mode-matched gyroscope with significantly reduced dependencies on environmental stimuli such as temperature, vibration, and shock. A novel stress-isolation system is used to effectively decouple an axis-symmetric bulk-acoustic wave (BAW) vibratory gyro from its substrate, minimizing the effect that external sources of error have on the offset and scale factor of the device. Substrate-decoupled (SD) BAW gyros with a resonance frequency of 4.3 MHz and Q values near 60 000 were implemented using the high aspect ratio poly and single-crystal silicon (HARPSS) process to achieve ultra-narrow capacitive gaps. Wafer-level packaged sensors were interfaced with a customized application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to achieve low variations in the offset across temperature (±26° s −1 from −40 to 85 °C), supreme random-vibration immunity (0.012° s −1 g RMS −1 ) and excellent shock rejection. With a scale factor of 800 μV (°s −1 ) −1 , the SD-BAW gyro system attains a large full-scale range (±1250° s −1 ) with a non-linearity of less than 0.07%. A measured angle-random walk (ARW) of 0.39°/√h and a bias instability of 10.5°h −1 are dominated by the thermal and flicker noise of the integrated circuit (IC), respectively. Additional measurements using external electronics show bias-instability values as low as 3.5°h −1 , which are limited by feed-through signals coupled from the drive loop to the sense channel, which can be further reduced through proper re-routing of the gyroscope pin-out configuration.
Enantioselective α-Arylation of <i>N</i>-Acyloxazolidinones with Copper(II)-bisoxazoline Catalysts and Diaryliodonium Salts (2011)

A new strategy for the catalytic enantioselective α-arylation of N-acyloxazolidinones with chiral copper(II)-bisoxazoline complexes and diaryliodonium salts is described. The mild catalytic conditions are operationally simple, produce valuable synthetic building blocks in excellent yields and enantioselectivities, and can be applied to the synthesis of important nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and their analogues.