gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence variation in the 18S rRNA gene, a target for PCR-based malaria diagnosis, in Plasmodium ovale from southern Vietnam (1996)

Field surveys of malaria were performed in southern Vietnam by using an acridine orange staining method for rapid diagnosis and a PCR-based, microtiter plate hybridization method for accurate diagnosis. A total of three patients of Plasmodium ovale infection were detected, but PCR-amplified DNA of the P. ovale isolates from two of the patients did not hybridize with the P. ovale-specific probe. Analysis of the target sequence in the 18S rRNA gene indicated that in the DNA of isolates from both patients three nucleotides in the probe region from the typical P. ovale sequence were different, with deletions of two nucleotides and the substitution of one nucleotide. These results may suggest that in addition to molecular biological methods, careful microscopic examination of stained thin blood films is still required in studies of the prevalence of different malaria species.
Development of new microbial enzymes and their use in organic synthesis. (1989)

New enzymes screened for specific conversions have been purified and characterized from various microorganisms, and successfully applied to organic synthesis. These include : 1) nitrile hydratase from Arthrobacter sp. and Pseudomonas chlororaphis, useful in the hydration of nitriles to produce amides, 2) NAD+-dependent phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Sporosarcina ureae and Bacillus sphaericus, useful in the reductive amination of phenylpyruvate to give L-phenylalanine, 3) D-aminpeptidase from Achromobacter sp. applicable to the kinetic resolution of amino acid amides to give D-amino acid, and the D-stereospecific aminolysis reaction in organic solvents of amino acid esters or amides to yield D-amino acid N-alkylamides.
Polymeric Membranes: Surface Modification by "Grafting to" Method and Fabrication of Multilayered Assemblies (2009)

Surface modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) membranes was carried out by grafting various polymers using the "grafting to" technique. To increase the initial surface reactivity of the membranes, air plasma treatment was applied for a short time. The reactive anchoring interface was created by deposition of several nanometers of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) onto the membrane boundary. Next, polymers containing reactive (amino and carboxy) groups were grafted to the macromolecular PGMA anchoring layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a gas permeation test demonstrated that the polymers could be chemically attached to the PET membranes modified with PGMA. Grafted polymers uniformly covered the surface and did not block pores. We also demonstrated that the PET membranes modified with the PGMA anchoring layer can be successfully used to build membrane assemblies by incorporating silica or titanium oxide microparticles as spacers.
Regioirregular Propene Insertion in Polypropenes Synthesized with Unbridged Bis(2-aryl)indenyl Zirconium Dichloride Catalysts:  Implications on Activity (1999)

Catalysts of the type bis(2-(3,5-R2C6H3)indenyl)zirconium dichloride/MAO (2, R = H; 3, R = CF3) were investigated for regioregularity of monomer insertion in bulk propene polymerization and compared to the isospecific catalyst rac-(ethene)bis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride/MAO (1). The amount of regioirregular propene insertions were in the range of 0.1−0.5 mol % and followed the trend 2 < 3 < 1. Comparison of polymerizations in the presence and absence of hydrogen revealed a 4−10-fold increase in productivity for catalysts 2 and 3 in the presence of hydrogen but only a slight increase in productivity with 1. For catalysts 2 and 3, only 2,1-erythro internal regioerrors were observed, whereas 1 produced both 2,1-erythro and 2,1-threo misinsertions. Evidence for ethene insertion following a 2,1-regioerror was obtained by copolymerization of 13C2H4 with propene using catalyst 3. The correlation between number of 2,1-misinsertions and catalyst activity is discussed.
Extending beacon-based health monitoring to distributed space systems (2002)

Beacon-based health monitoring is a technology often noted for enabling drastic reductions in the cost of nominal telemetry monitoring. On board a spacecraft, software filters telemetry to derive a health assessment, and a periodic beacon broadcasts this assessment to the Earth, A network of low cost receiving stations receives the beacon signal and relays it to a central mission control center. At the mission control center, a suite of software responds according to the value of the health assessment; appropriate responses may include operator notification, automatic groundstation rescheduling to accommodate new health operations, and intelligent retrieval of appropriate operational documentation. Conceptually, this system acts as an automated mapping from spacecraft state to high-level operator response. As part of its research programs in distributed space systems, Stanford University and Santa Clara University are extending the standard spacecraft beacon monitoring architecture for use in multi-satellite fleets. Two specific applications are currently being developed. First, a space segment level beacon is being developed as a single communication signal for updating the ground segment with fleet-level health data. Second, inter-satellite beacon broadcasts are being explored as a means of communicating fleet status among individual satellites and indicating operational mode changes in the event of anomalies. This paper will present the beacon monitoring concept and ongoing validation results for single missions. In addition, the aforementioned extensions to distributed space systems will be described in detail. Finally, the incorporation of a distributed beacon system into the two-satellite Emerald spacecraft mission will be presented.
Shrinkage Reduction in Silica‐based Refractory Cores Infiltrated with Boehmite (1995)

Infiltration of silica‐based refractory cores with colloidal boehmite slurry has the effect of greatly reducing sintering shrinkage, as required for precision casting. Only 300 ppm of equivalent alumina is sufficient to decrease the shrinkage from RT to 1600°C more than three‐fold. Microstructural observations and XPS measures show that the silica grains are homogeneously coated with a reaction film which hinders viscous flow.
New Compounds. Substituted Amides of 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoic Acid (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Compounds. Substituted Amides of 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoic AcidRichard KadeschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 3, 726Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1942Publication History Published online13 November 2002Published inissue 1 March 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01255a600https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01255a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tacrolimus is effective for lupus nephritis patients with persistent proteinuria. (2010)

Tacrolimus is safe and effective as maintenance therapy for patients with lupus nephritis, at least for 6 months. A larger randomised, controlled trial over a longer period is needed to confirm these results.
Online Energy Price Matrix Factorization for Power Grid Topology Tracking (2015)

Grid security and open markets are two major smart grid goals. Transparency of market data facilitates a competitive and efficient energy environment. But it may also reveal critical physical system information. Recovering the grid topology based solely on publicly available market data is explored here. Real-time energy prices are typically calculated as the Lagrange multipliers of network-constrained economic dispatch; that is, via a linear program (LP) typically solved every 5 min. Since the grid Laplacian matrix is a parameter of this LP, someone apart from the system operator could try inferring this topology-related matrix upon observing successive LP dual outcomes. It is first shown that the matrix of spatio-temporal prices can be factored as the product of the inverse Laplacian times a sparse matrix. Leveraging results from sparse matrix decompositions, topology recovery schemes with complementary strengths are subsequently formulated. Solvers scalable to high-dimensional and streaming market data are devised. Numerical validation using synthetic and real-load data on the IEEE 30-bus grid provide useful input for current and future market designs.
A Frailty Index Based On Deficit Accumulation Quantifies Mortality Risk in Humans and in Mice (2017)

Although many common diseases occur mostly in old age, the impact of ageing itself on disease risk and expression often goes unevaluated. To consider the impact of ageing requires some useful means of measuring variability in health in animals of the same age. In humans, this variability has been quantified by counting age-related health deficits in a frailty index. Here we show the results of extending that approach to mice. Across the life course, many important features of deficit accumulation are present in both species. These include gradual rates of deficit accumulation (slope = 0.029 in humans; 0.036 in mice), a submaximal limit (0.54 in humans; 0.44 in mice), and a strong relationship to mortality (1.05 [1.04-1.05] in humans; 1.15 [1.12-1.18] in mice). Quantifying deficit accumulation in individual mice provides a powerful new tool that can facilitate translation of research on ageing, including in relation to disease.
Replication of Vertical Features Smaller than 2 nm by Soft Lithography (2003)

This communication demonstrates a simple, soft lithographic approach to the replication and metrology of nanoscale vertical displacements. We patterned test structures with regular patterns that minimize artifacts in measurements by atomic force microscopy. A composite stamp of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) molded against the original test structure served as a template to generate polyurethane replicas. We replicated vertical displacements down to approximately 1.5 nm. This replication demonstrates the capability of soft lithography to reproduce features with dimensions similar to those of large molecules.
Predictive value for preterm birth of abnormal vaginal flora, bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis during the first trimester of pregnancy (2009)

Bacterial vaginosis, AV and AVF are associated with PTB, especially LM and severe PTB between 25 and 35 weeks. The absence of lactobacilli (AVF), partial BV and M. hominis, but not full BV, were associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery after 24 weeks+ 6 days. As metronidazole effectively treats full BV, but is ineffective against other forms of AVF, the present data may help to explain why its use to prevent PTB has not been successful in most studies.
Endometrial cancer is a receptor-mediated target for Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (2004)

Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS), a 140-kDa homodimer glycoprotein member of the TGF-beta superfamily of biological-response modifiers, causes regression of the Mullerian ducts in developing male embryos. MIS also can induce growth arrest and apoptosis in ovarian and cervical cancer cell lines. The embryonic progenitor of the ovarian and cervical epithelium is the coelomic epithelium, the same tissue that regresses under the direction of MIS in the male. The endometrium and uterus also arise from the coelomic epithelium and the Mullerian ducts. Here, we show that both normal human endometrium and endometrial cancers express the receptor for MIS and that MIS can inhibit the proliferation of a number of human endometrial cancer cell lines that express the MIS type II receptor. In the representative endometrial cancer cell line AN3CA, MIS affects the expression of key cell-cycle regulatory proteins. This work broadens the scope of tumors that MIS can potentially control and, by elucidating the MIS signaling pathway, identifies other potential avenues for intervention.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOMETALLIC NITROSYL CHEMISTRY. 24. VERY TWISTED η4‐TRANS‐DIENE COMPLEXES (1985)

Abstract Die neuen Komplexe (III) wurden durch Reaktion von (I) mit den Dienen (II) dargestellt.
Effect of non‐isothermal oriented crystallization on the velocity and elongational viscosity profiles during the melt spinning of high density polyethylene fibers (2001)

Abstract Based on the experimental data of spine line temperature and percent crystallization, a time‐integral constitutive equation has been used together with the degree of phase transformation theory to predict the velocity and elongational viscosity profiles. For the velocity profile, our predicted results are compared to experimental data and good agreement is found. Under a drawing force, the elongational viscosity profile shows a stress softening due to the molecular alignment; then the fiber hardens close to the take‐up point, owing to filament crystallization.
INVERSE IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSIENT THERMAL PROPERTIES AND HEAT SOURCES USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS (2006)

This work investigates the solution to inverse problems in heat transfer using genetic algorithms. Genetic algorithms are robust, stochastic search techniques which also admit the ability to search highly nonlinear problems. In this work, computational techniques are developed for the simultaneous inverse identification the internal heat generation and the thermal diffusivity of early age concrete as functions of time, as well as constant convective coefficients. Through the use of several numerical examples it is shown that this methodology yields accurate results for the inverse heat transfer problem in finding several unknown conditions simultaneously.
The design of a direct-conversion paging receiver quadrature converter for wrist watch applications (2002)

Direct conversion architecture is highly desirable in a watch pager receiver where space is absolutely at a premium and external components must be minimized. Current consumption is also severely constrained, making it necessary to realize each RF block with less than 100 /spl mu/A. This paper examines the issues in direct conversion receivers, especially LO re-radiation and 90/spl deg/ phase shifter. It is pointed out that insufficient gm due to insufficient current makes many existing solutions impractical. It is also shown that RC-CR circuits have excellent phase but poor amplitude characteristics. The latter can be remedied by saturating amplifiers and very low current, high performance quadrature converters can thus be realized. The same argument holds for CMOS, which has low gm even if more current is used at 1 GHz.
Position sensitive APDs for small animal PET imaging (2003)

In this paper, an investigation of position sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPDs) as optical detectors for reading out segmented scintillation arrays of LSO in high-resolution PET modules is reported. PSAPDs with 8 /spl times/ 8 mm/sup 2/ have been characterized with single LSO crystals and arrays. Energy resolution of 19% (FWHM) for 511 keV /spl gamma/-rays and coincidence timing resolution of /spl sim/3 ns (FWHM) have been recorded with PSAPD coupled to 1 /spl times/ 1 /spl times/ 20 mm/sup 3/ LSO detectors. Flood histogram studies have been successfully conducted by coupling multi-element element LSO arrays (1 mm pixels, 20 mm tall) to the PSAPDs.
Chemotherapy for glioblastoma: current treatment and future perspectives for cytotoxic and targeted agents. (2009)

Glioblastoma is the most frequent and devastating primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Surgery followed by standard radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide is the standard of care in patients with glioblastoma, however the prognosis remains poor with a median survival in the range of 12-15 months. Common genetic abnormalities in glioblastoma are associated with aberrant activation or suppression of cellular signal transduction pathways and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Special attention has been focused on targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and on pathways such as the phosphatidylinositol-3kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein-kinase pathways. Several signal transduction inhibitors have been examined in preclinical and clinical malignant glioma trials, including antiangiogenic agents (bevacizumab, enzastaurin), and inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (gefitinib and erlotinib), mammalian target of rapamycin (temsirolimus, everolimus) and integrin (cilengitide). Although preliminary clinical results of the use of targeted agents have not translated into significantly better survival, more recent phase II trials are exploring the combination of multitargeted drugs with cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy in order to overcome the resistance of tumors to single-agent targeted therapies. This review summarizes the current results with cytotoxic and targeted molecular agents in glioblastoma and the development of new chemoradiation strategies under evaluation to increase their effectiveness.
A scalable locality-aware adaptive work-stealing scheduler for multi-core task parallelism (2010)

Recent trend has made it clear that the processor makers are committed to the multi-core chip designs. The number of cores per chip is increasing, while there is little or no increase in the clock speed. This parallelism trend poses a significant and urgent challenge on computer software because programs have to be written or transformed into a multi-threaded form to take full advantage of future hardware advances. 
Task parallelism has been identified as one of the prerequisites for software productivity. In task parallelism, programmers focus on decomposing the problem into sub-computations that can run in parallel and leave the compiler and runtime to handle the scheduling details. This separation of concerns between task decomposition and scheduling provides productivity to the programmer but poses challenges to the runtime scheduler. 
Our thesis is that work-stealing schedulers with adaptive scheduling policies and locality-awareness can provide a scalable and robust runtime foundation for multi-core task parallelism. We evaluate our thesis using the new Scalable Locality-aware Adaptive Work-stealing (SLAW) runtime scheduler developed for the Habanero-Java programming language, a task-parallel variant of Java. 
SLAW's adaptive task scheduling is motivated by the study of two common scheduling policies in a work-stealing scheduler, specifically, the work-first and the help-first policy. Both policies exhibit limitations in performance and resource usage in different situations. The variances make it hard to determine the best policy a priori. SLAW addresses these limitations by supporting both policies simultaneously and selecting policies adaptively on a per-task basis at runtime. Our results show that SLAW achieves 0.98× to 9.2× speedup over the help-first scheduler and 0.97× to 4.5× speedup over the work-first scheduler. Further, for large irregular parallel computations, SLAW supports data sizes and achieves performance that cannot be delivered by the use of any single fixed policy. 
SLAW's locality-aware scheduling framework aims to overcome the cache unfriendliness of work-stealing due to randomized stealing. The SLAW scheduler is designed for programming models where locality hints are provided to the runtime by the programmer or compiler. Our results show that locality-aware scheduling can improve performance by increasing temporal data reuse for iterative data-parallel applications.
Active Visual Recognition with Expertise Estimation in Crowdsourcing (2013)

We present a noise resilient probabilistic model for active learning of a Gaussian process classifier from crowds, i.e., a set of noisy labelers. It explicitly models both the overall label noises and the expertise level of each individual labeler in two levels of flip models. Expectation propagation is adopted for efficient approximate Bayesian inference of our probabilistic model for classification, based on which, a generalized EM algorithm is derived to estimate both the global label noise and the expertise of each individual labeler. The probabilistic nature of our model immediately allows the adoption of the prediction entropy and estimated expertise for active selection of data sample to be labeled, and active selection of high quality labelers to label the data, respectively. We apply the proposed model for three visual recognition tasks, i.e., object category recognition, gender recognition, and multi-modal activity recognition, on three datasets with real crowd-sourced labels from Amazon Mechanical Turk. The experiments clearly demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed model.
Elicitation of Trigonelline and 4-Hydroxyisoleucine with Hypoglycemic Activity in Cell Suspension Cultures of Trigonella foenum graecum L (2011)

Cell suspension cultures of Trigonella foenum graecum L. (fenugreek) were initiated from the cotyledon portions of sterile germinated seeds and maintained on MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) (1mg/l), kinetin (0.1 mg/l) and sucrose (5%). The changes in cell mass and both trigonelline and 4hydroxyisoleucine content were followed between days zero and 12. The linear increase in fresh weight was found to be parallel to both trigonelline and 4-hydroxyisoleucine production. Cell suspension cultures treated with 100 M methyl jasmonate (MJ) for 24 hours showed a noticeable increase in the level of trigonelline and 4-hydroxyisoleucine. The marked improvement in the histological and electron microscopically pictures of pancreas of STZ-diabetic rats fed with extract of cells treated with MJ is coincided with more effective and significant hypoglycemic activity than that for seeds extract. The extract of cultured cells treated with MJ lowered blood glucose from 284 7.4 to 123 8.1 units and increased the insulin level from 4.42 0.23 U/ml to a high level 8.33 0.41 U/ml.