gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical properties and ultrafast electron dynamics in gold nanoshells (2003)

Summary form only given. We present studies of the ultrafast electron dynamics in gold nanoshells. By tuning the plasmon peak position of the nanoparticle relative to the tuning range of a cavity dumped Ti:sapphire laser, both transient bleaching and transient absorption are observed.
Classes of Thiols That Influence the Activity of the Skeletal Muscle Calcium Release Channel (2001)

The skeletal muscle Ca(2+) release channel/ryanodine receptor (RyR1) is a prototypic redox-responsive ion channel. Nearly half of the 101 cysteines per RyR1 subunit are kept in a reduced (free thiol) state under conditions comparable with resting muscle. Here we assessed the effects of physiological determinants of cellular redox state (oxygen tension, reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, and NO/O(2) (released by 3-morpholinosydnonimine)) on RyR1 redox state and activity. Oxidation of approximately 10 RyR1 thiols (from approximately 48 to approximately 38 thiols/RyR1 subunit) had little effect on channel activity. Channel activity increased reversibly as the number of thiols was further reduced to approximately 23/subunit, whereas more extensive oxidation (to approximately 13 thiols/subunit) inactivated the channel irreversibly. Neither S-nitrosylation nor tyrosine nitration contributed to these effects. The results identify at least three functional classes of RyR1 thiols and suggest that 1) the channel may be protected from oxidation by a large reservoir of functionally inert thiols, 2) the channel may be designed to respond to moderate oxidative stress by a change in activation setpoint, and 3) the channel is susceptible to oxidative injury under more extensive conditions.
Smart air-conditioning control by wireless sensors (2013)

One of the most prominent applications of smart technology for energy saving is in buildings, in particular, for optimizing heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. Traditional HVAC systems rely on wired temperature regulators and thermostats installed at fixed locations, which are both inconvenient for deployment and ineffective to cope with dynamic changes in the thermal behavior of buildings. New generation of wireless sensors are increasingly becoming popular due to their convenience and versatility for sophisticated monitoring and control of smart buildings. However, there also emerge new challenges on how to effectively harness the potential of wireless sensors. First, wireless sensors are energy-constrained, because they are often powered by batteries. Extending the battery lifetime, therefore, is a paramount concern. The second challenge is to ensure that the wireless sensors can work in uncertain environments with minimal human supervision as they can be dynamically displaced in new environments. Therefore, in this paper, we study a fundamental problem of optimizing the trade-off between the battery lifetime and the effectiveness of HVAC remote control in the presence of uncertain (even adversarial) fluctuations in room temperature. We provide an effective offline algorithm for deciding the optimal control decisions of wireless sensors, and a 2-competitive online algorithm that is shown to attain performance close to offline optimal through extensive simulation studies. The implication of this work is to shed light on the fundamental trade-off optimization in wireless sensor controlling HVAC systems.
Synthesis of substituted 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones. Propiolic acid dianion as a reactive three-carbon nucleophile (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of substituted 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones. Propiolic acid dianion as a reactive three-carbon nucleophileRobert M. Carlson, A. R. Oyler, and J. R. PetersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 11, 1610–1616Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00899a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00899a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views445Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Revisiting the peripheral sink hypothesis: inhibiting <scp>BACE</scp>1 activity in the periphery does not alter β‐amyloid levels in the <scp>CNS</scp> (2014)

Aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and the subsequent neural plaque formation is a central aspect of Alzheimer's disease. Various strategies to reduce Aβ load in the brain are therefore intensely pursued. It has been hypothesized that reducing Aβ peptides in the periphery, that is in organs outside the brain, would be a way to diminish Aβ levels and plaque load in the brain. In this report, we put this peripheral sink hypothesis to test by investigating how selective inhibition of Aβ production in the periphery using a β-secretase (BACE)1 inhibitor or reduced BACE1 gene dosage affects Aβ load in the brain. Selective inhibition of peripheral BACE1 activity in wild-type mice or mice over-expressing amyloid precursor protein (APPswe transgenic mice; Tg2576) reduced Aβ levels in the periphery but not in the brain, not even after chronic treatment over several months. In contrast, a BACE1 inhibitor with improved brain disposition reduced Aβ levels in both brain and periphery already after acute dosing. Mice heterozygous for BACE1, displayed a 62% reduction in plasma Aβ40, whereas brain Aβ40 was only lowered by 11%. These data suggest that reduction of Aβ in the periphery is not sufficient to reduce brain Aβ levels and that BACE1 is not the rate-limiting enzyme for Aβ processing in the brain. This provides evidence against the peripheral sink hypothesis and suggests that a decrease in Aβ via BACE1 inhibition would need to be carried out in the brain. Aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in the brain is a central aspect of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of Aβ formation by BACE1 inhibitors needs to be carried out in the brain and that reduction of Aβ in the periphery is not sufficient to reduce brain Aβ levels. This information is useful for developing future Aβ-targeting therapies for Alzheimer's disease.
Defining PET tumor volume in cervical cancer with hybrid PET/MRI (2014)

PETvis-GTV, PET2.5-GTV, and PET40-GTV do not appear to be suitable for target volume delineation in locally advanced cervical cancer. The PETdsc-GTV may increase the accuracy in target volume delineation. Furthermore, a high level of tumor overlap existed between MR-GTV and PETdsc-GTV in hybrid PET/MRI.
Nicotinic Receptors on Local Circuit Neurons in Dentate Gyrus: A Potential Role in Regulation of Granule Cell Excitability (2003)

Although the dentate gyrus is one of the primary targets of septo-hippocampal cholinergic afferents, relatively little is known about the cholinergic physiology of neurons in the area. By combining whole cell patch-clamp recording with brief local application of exogenous agonists in horizontal slices, we found that there is robust expression of functional somatic alpha 7-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on molecular layer interneurons, hilar interneurons, and the glutamatergic mossy cells of the dentate hilus. In contrast, the principal neurons of the dentate gyrus, the granule cells, are generally unresponsive to focal somatic or dendritic application of ACh in the presence of atropine. We also demonstrate that cholinergic activation of alpha 7-containing nAChRs on the subgranular interneurons of the hilus can produce methyllycaconitine-sensitive GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in nearby granule cells and enhance the amplitude of an electrically evoked monosynaptic IPSC. Further, activation of alpha 7-containing nAChRs on subgranular interneurons that is timed to coincide with synaptic release of glutamate onto these cells will enhance the functional inhibition of granule cells. These findings suggest that a complex interplay between glutamatergic afferents from the entorhinal cortex and cholinergic afferents from the medial septum could be involved in the normal regulation of granule cell function. Such a relationship between these two afferent pathways could be highly relevant to the study of both age-related memory dysfunction and disorders involving regulation of excitability, such as temporal lobe epilepsy.
Reactions of Certain Halogen Substituted Aryl, Alkyl and Di-alkyl Sulfides with Benzylamine. I (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Certain Halogen Substituted Aryl, Alkyl and Di-alkyl Sulfides with Benzylamine. IThomas P. DawsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 5, 2070–2075Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01332a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01332a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and electrochemical behaviour of copper doped manganate and cobaltate cathode materials for lithium batteries (1999)

Synthesis and characterization of LiCuo.OSCOO.9S02 and LiCuo.osMnl.9S04 were carried out in order to improve the electrochemical properties of LiCoOz and LiMnz04 for lithium secondary cells. Single phase LiCuo.oSCOO.9S0Z and LiCuo.osMnJ.9s04 were obtained by heating a reaction mixture of LiOH.H20Cu( 03)2"3H20 and CO(CH3COO)24HP at 723 K for 3 hrs and Li(CH3COO).2H20.\nu(N03h.3H °and Mn(CH3COO)r4Hz0 at 1346 K for 3 hrs respectively. Structural studies were done using X-ray diffraction method. Phase purity was established using the differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis. Lithium button cells were fabricated using lithium foil as anode, LiCuo.osCOo.9s02 and LiCuo.osMnJ.9s04 cathodes in LiAsF6/EC;bEC as electrolyte. Charge and discharge behaviour was studied for the above cells.
Larix decidua Bark as a Source of Phytoconstituents: An LC-MS Study (2017)

<i>Larix decidua</i> bark is a waste of the timber industry and is widely diffused in Northern Italy. This material can be considered a good source of antioxidants and phytoconstituents with possible use in cosmetic or nutraceutical products. In this study, simple extraction of larch bark was performed using mixtures of ethanol/water. Furthermore, the phytochemical composition of larch bark extract was studied using LC-MS<sup>n</sup> methods and the main constituents were identified as flavonoids, spiro-polyphenols, and procyanidins. To confirm the identification by LC-MS semi-preparative HPLC was performed in order to isolate the main constituents and verify the structures by ¹H-NMR. Antioxidant properties were studied using an in vitro approach combining DPPH assay and LC-MS in order to establish different roles of the various classes of phytochemicasl of the extract. DPPH activity of some of the isolated compounds was also assessed. The overall results indicate this waste material as a good source of antioxidant compounds, mainly procyanidins, whichresulted the most active constituents in the DPPH assay.
The Synthesis and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Pyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidines (1973)

A series of compounds possessing the pyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidine nucleus were synthesized, characterized and screened for the ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity. The compounds were compared with 4-hydroxypyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidine (4), which showed 100% inhibition at a 33 μmole concentration. The structure-activity relationships of the synthesized compounds were discussed. 4-Amino-6-hydroxy-3-phenyl-pyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidine (30b) and 4-amino-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxypyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidine (30c) were found to be as potent inhibitors as allopurinol.
Planning the Ridesharing Route for the First-Mile Service Linking to Railway Passenger Transportation (2017)

First-mile and last-mile travel is the bottleneck of using the public transportation service. This paper considers the passenger matching and vehicle routing problem in the first-mile ridesharing service connecting train schedules. Then a mixed integer model is proposed to formulate the problem. Since the problem is NP hard, we develop a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm with four neighborhood structures to solve this problem. Experiments are designed to test the proposed model and algorithm. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm and demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can obtain satisfactory solutions within a reasonably short time.
Highly Luminescent Ultranarrow Mn Doped ZnSe Nanowires (2009)

Colloidal Mn-doped ZnSe nanowires with diameters of 1-3 nm and lengths up to 200 nm were prepared from Li(4)[Zn(10)Se(4)(SPh)(16)] clusters and manganese stearate. The nanowires exhibit optical properties that depend on size, shape, and doping level. The manganese photoluminescence is slightly polarized perpendicular to the long axis and reaches a quantum yield of 40% after passivating the crystals with a CdSe shell.
The ZnuABC high‐affinity zinc uptake system and its regulator Zur in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

In Escherichia coli, lacZ operon fusions were isolated that were derepressed under iron repletion and repressed under iron depletion. Two fusions were localized in genes that formed an operon whose gene products had characteristics of a binding protein-dependent transport system. The growth defect of these mutants on TY medium containing 5mM EGTA was compensated for by the addition of Zn2+. In the presence of 0.5mM EGTA, only the parental strain was able to take up 65Zn2+. This high-affinity transport was energized by ATP. The genes were named znuACB (for zinc uptake; former name yebLMI) and localized at 42 min on the genetic map of E. coli. At high Zn2+ concentrations, the znu mutants took up more 65Zn2+ than the parental strain. The high-affinity 65Zn2+ uptake was repressed by growth in the presence of 10 microM Zn2+. A znuA-lacZ operon fusion was repressed by 5 microM Zn2+ and showed a more than 20-fold increase in beta-galactosidase activity when Zn2+ was bound to 1.5 microM TPEN [tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine]. To identify the Zn2+-dependent regulator, constitutive mutants were isolated and tested for complementation by a gene bank of E. coli. A complementing gene, yjbK of the E. coli genome, was identified and named zur (for zinc uptake regulation). The Zur protein showed 27% sequence identity with the iron regulator Fur. High-affinity 65Zn2+ transport of the constitutive zur mutant was 10-fold higher than that of the uninduced parental strain. An in vivo titration assay suggested that Zur binds to the bidirectional promoter region of znuA and znuCB.
Killing by Bactericidal Antibiotics Does Not Depend on Reactive Oxygen Species (2013)

Bactericidal antibiotics kill by modulating their respective targets. This traditional view has been challenged by studies that propose an alternative, unified mechanism of killing, whereby toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the presence of antibiotics. We found no correlation between an individual cell's probability of survival in the presence of antibiotic and its level of ROS. An ROS quencher, thiourea, protected cells from antibiotics present at low concentrations, but the effect was observed under anaerobic conditions as well. There was essentially no difference in survival of bacteria treated with various antibiotics under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. This suggests that ROS do not play a role in killing of bacterial pathogens by antibiotics.
Protein phosphorylation is involved in bacterial chemotaxis. (1987)

The nature of the biochemical signal that is involved in the excitation response in bacterial chemotaxis is not known. However, ATP is required for chemotaxis. We have purified all of the proteins involved in signal transduction and show that the product of the cheA gene is rapidly autophosphorylated, while some mutant CheA proteins cannot be phosphorylated. The presence of stoichiometric levels of two other purified components in the chemotaxis system, the CheY and CheZ proteins, induces dephosphorylation. We suggest that the phosphorylation of CheA by ATP plays a central role in signal transduction in chemotaxis.
Process Diagnosis via Electrical-Wafer-Sorting Maps Classification (2006)

The commonality analysis is a proven tool for fault detection in semiconductor manufacturing. This methodology extracts subsets of production lots from all the available data. Then, data mining techniques are used only on the selected data. This approach loses part of the available information and does not discriminate among the lots. The new methodology performance the automatic classification of the electrical wafer test maps in order to identify the classes of failure present in the production lots. Subsequently, the proposed procedure uses the process history of each wafer to create a list of the root cause candidates. This methodology is the core of the software tool ACID which is currently used for process diagnosis at the Agrate site of the ST Microelectronics. A real analysis is presented.
Structure and functional characterization of a bile acid 7α dehydratase <scp>B</scp>ai<scp>E</scp> in secondary bile acid synthesis (2015)

Conversion of the primary bile acids cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) to the secondary bile acids deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) is performed by a few species of intestinal bacteria in the genus Clostridium through a multistep biochemical pathway that removes a 7α-hydroxyl group. The rate-determining enzyme in this pathway is bile acid 7α-dehydratase (baiE). In this study, crystal structures of apo-BaiE and its putative product-bound [3-oxo-Δ(4,6) -lithocholyl-Coenzyme A (CoA)] complex are reported. BaiE is a trimer with a twisted α + β barrel fold with similarity to the Nuclear Transport Factor 2 (NTF2) superfamily. Tyr30, Asp35, and His83 form a catalytic triad that is conserved across this family. Site-directed mutagenesis of BaiE from Clostridium scindens VPI 12708 confirm that these residues are essential for catalysis and also the importance of other conserved residues, Tyr54 and Arg146, which are involved in substrate binding and affect catalytic turnover. Steady-state kinetic studies reveal that the BaiE homologs are able to turn over 3-oxo-Δ(4) -bile acid and CoA-conjugated 3-oxo-Δ(4) -bile acid substrates with comparable efficiency questioning the role of CoA-conjugation in the bile acid metabolism pathway.
Countercurrent Chromatography: Liquid-Liquid Partition Chromatography without Solid Support (1970)

The liquid-liquid partition chromatographic system reported here involves a long helix of narrow-bore tubing. When the coiled tube is filled with one phase of a two-phase system and fed with the other phase, phase-interchange takes place in each turn of the coil, leaving a segment of the former phase as the stationary phase. Consequently, solutes present in either phase are subjected to a multistep partition process. The column efficiency, estimated on a separation of dinitrophenyl amino acids, is comparable to that of gas chromatography.
Measurement of Apparent Viscosity of Various Fluids by Using B-Type and Vibration-Type Viscometers (2017)

The apparent viscosities of non-Newtonian fluids such as alumina, graphite slurries and carboxymethyl cellulose, starch solutions were measured by using a B-type and a vibration-type viscometers and the measured apparent viscosities were compared to those measured by a coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer, which is an absolute measurement device. It was shown that the measured values of B-type viscometer could be larger or smaller than those of the coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer when measuring various samples including dilatant fluids. It was also found that the difference between the measured viscosities by the coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer and B-type viscometer became larger as the n value determined by curve fitting of the flow curve was apart from 1.0. In addition, it was found that the measured values of the vibration-type viscometer were always extremely smaller than those of the coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer, indicating that the particles or polymers in the sample should not follow the movement of the vibrator. From the extensive measurement of apparent viscosity, we can conclude that the apparent viscosities measured not by the vibration-type viscometer but by B-type viscometer has a good connection with those measured by the coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer.
The 1968 Election in Wyoming (1969)

OR THE SECOND time in eight years Richard Nixon carried Wyoming by a big majority, surpassing his 1960 effort with 55.8 percent of the vote despite George Wallace's candidacy. In 1960 Herman Trachsel observed, A Republican state went Republican, and this clearly describes the 1968 election.1 After the Goldwater fiasco in 1964, the Republican party in Wyoming made strides in 1966, and in 1968 recovery was complete and old majorities again were achieved. (Table 1.)