gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Design of a Programmable-Gain Amplifier With Built-In Compact DC-Offset Cancellers for Very Low-Voltage WLAN Systems (2008)

Two circuit techniques adopted in the design of an embedded programmable-gain amplifier (PGA) for very low-voltage (LV) wireless local-area network systems are presented. A switched-current-resistor (SCR) technique minimizes the bandwidth variation and the transient in gain tuning by stabilizing, concurrently, the PGA's feedback factor and quiescent-operating point. Another technique, inside-opamp dc-offset canceller (DOC), embeds inside the PGA's opamp a subthreshold-biased - integrator for extracting its output dc-offset, while negatively feeding the correction (current) signal back to the opamp at an inherent low-impedance node. The resultant main benefits are: 1) the chip area, for realizing the large time constant in dc-offset extraction, is very small and 2) the lower cutoff of the PGA and the DOC-induced nonlinearity and noise are all suppressed by an amount of the loop gain in closed-loop formation. A 1-V three-stage 52-dB gain range PGA reinforcing such two techniques was designed and fabricated in a 3.3-V 0.35- CMOS process. It consumes 7.4 mW of power while measuring gain-switching transient and IIP3. The means of the lower and upper cutoffs (averaged over 52-dB gain steps) are 2.25 kHz and 17.1 MHz, respectively.
A review of probes and robots: implementing new technologies in meat evaluation (1994)

Changes in function from fat-depth measurement to meat quality measurement, and vice versa, have occurred in the history of electrical and optical meat probes. In the future, robotic systems might use ultrasonics to measure subcutaneous fat depth while at the same time positioning a fiber-optic probe relative to the skeleton to measure meat quality. There is a major distinction between probes that make a measurement at a single site within the carcass and those that produce a vector of measurements as they move through the carcass. Vector measurements were introduced to find subcutaneous fat thickness, but they may be used for meat quality measurements to deal with intra- and intermuscular variation. Replacement of hand-held probes by robots is in progress and could change meat distribution and marketing, perhaps replacing conventional meat grading by lowering the unit cost of grading and improving reliability for consumers. The feasibility of using ultrasonics to find probe measuring sites in the thoraco-lumbar region of pork carcasses has been proven. This requires new types of carcass morphometry data, such as rib angles and curvatures, and intercostal dimensions.
Haplotypes ofCYP3A4 and their close linkage withCYP3A5 haplotypes in a Japanese population (2003)

In order to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotype frequencies of CYP3A4 in a Japanese population, the distal enhancer and proximal promoter regions, all exons, and the surrounding introns were sequenced from genomic DNA of 416 Japanese subjects. We found 24 SNPs, including 17 novel ones: two in the distal enhancer, four in the proximal promoter, one in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR), seven in the introns, and three in the 3'-UTR. The most common SNP was c.1026+12G>A (IVS10+12G>A), with a 0.249 frequency. Four non-synonymous SNPs, c.554C>G (p.T185S, CYP3A4(*)16), c.830_831insA (p.E277fsX8, (*)6), c.878T>C (p.L293P, (*)18), and c.1088 C>T (p.T363M, (*)11) were found with frequencies of 0.014, 0.001, 0.028, and 0.002, respectively. No SNP was found in the known nuclear transcriptional factor-binding sites in the enhancer and promoter regions. Using these 24 SNPs, 16 haplotypes were unambiguously identified, and nine haplotypes were inferred by aid of an expectation-maximization-based program. In addition, using data from 186 subjects enabled a close linkage to be found between CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 SNPs, especially among the SNPs at c.1026+12 in CYP3A4 and c.219-237 (IVS3-237, a key SNP site for CYP3A5(*)3), c.865+77 (IVS9+77) and c.1523 in CYP3A5. This result suggested that CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 are within the same gene block. Haplotype analysis between CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 revealed several major haplotype combinations in the CYP3A4-CYP3A5 block. Our findings provide fundamental and useful information for genotyping CYP3A4 (and CYP3A5) in the Japanese, and probably Asian populations.
Word rejection for a literacy tutor (1992)

Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1992.
Nitrilimines in 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions: Synthesis of New Derivatives of Condensed 1,2,4-Triazolo- Heterocycles and Dithiatriazaspiro(4,4)non-2-enone Derivatives (2008)

C-Alkyl-N-arylnitrilimines 2 react with some containing thiourea moieties compounds 3-9, and thioxothiazolidin-4-one derivatives 10, 11. The nitrilimines 2a,b cycloadd to C=S double bond to give spiro intermediates which undergo ring cleavage to yield the 1,2,4-triazolo fused heterocycles and dithiatriaza-spiro[4,4]non-2-enone derivatives.
Web‐Based Analysis and Publication of Flow Cytometry Experiments (2010)

Cytobank is a Web-based application for storage, analysis, and sharing of flow cytometry experiments. Researchers use a Web browser to log in and use a wide range of tools developed for basic and advanced flow cytometry. In addition to providing access to standard cytometry tools from any computer, Cytobank creates a platform and community for developing new analysis and publication tools. Figure layouts created on Cytobank are designed to allow transparent access to the underlying experiment annotation and data processing steps. Since all flow cytometry files and analysis data are stored on a central server, experiments and figures can be viewed or edited by anyone with the proper permission, from any computer with Internet access. Once a primary researcher has performed the initial analysis of the data, collaborators can engage in experiment analysis and make their own figure layouts using the gated, compensated experiment files. Cytobank is available to the scientific community at http://www.cytobank.org.
On the final exponentiation for calculating pairings on ordinary elliptic curves. (2008)

When performing a Tate pairing (or a derivative thereof) on an ordinary pairing-friendly elliptic curve, the computation can be looked at as having two stages, the Miller loop and the so-called final exponentiation. As a result of good progress being made to reduce the Miller loop component of the algorithm (particularly with the discovery of “truncated loop” pairings like the R-ate pairing [18]), the final exponentiation has become a more significant component of the overall calculation. Here we exploit the structure of pairing-friendly elliptic curves to reduce to a minimum the computation required for the final exponentiation.
In Vivo Characterization of the Murine Intranasal Model for Assessing the Immunogenicity of Attenuated<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovar Typhi Strains as Live Mucosal Vaccines and as Live Vectors (2000)

Attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi live vector vaccine strains are highly immunogenic in mice following intranasal but not orogastric inoculation. To elucidate the relationship between organs within which vaccine organisms are found and the induction of specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, we examined the in vivo distribution of serovar Typhi vaccine strain CVD 908-htrA following intranasal administration. Vaccine organisms were cultured from the nasal lymphoid tissue (NALT), lungs, and Peyer's patches 2 min after intranasal inoculation. Vaccine organisms persisted longer in NALT than in other organs. By decreasing the volume of intranasal inoculum containing 10(9) CFU (from a single 30- or 10-microl dose to four 2.5-microl doses given over the course of 1 h), we were able to significantly reduce the number of vaccine organisms isolated from the lungs (P < 0.05) without reducing the number of vaccine organisms in NALT. Reducing the number of vaccine organisms in the lungs resulted in a significant decrease in the serum tetanus antitoxin response elicited by CVD 908-htrA expressing tetanus toxin fragment C under the control of the redox-responsive nir15 promoter. In contrast, a similar construct expressing tetanus toxin fragment C under control of the constitutive lpp promoter stimulated a strong serum IgG tetanus antitoxin response with both inoculation regimens. The data suggest that following intranasal inoculation, NALT is a sufficient inductive site for elicitation of an immune response against both the live vector and heterologous antigen and, as occurs following oral inoculation of humans, attenuated serovar Typhi vaccine organisms elicit serum IgG responses.
Neuroendoscopic Treatment for Colloid Cysts of the Third Ventricle: The Experience of a Decade (2003)

Continued improvement of endoscopic techniques and instruments, together with good long-term results in endoscopically treated patients, have established this method as an alternative to microsurgical techniques and might even set a new standard for treatment.
Handbook of rotordynamics (1992)

Keywords: rotor ; vibration ; rotation ; dynamique Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08
The gopher game (2007)

This paper introduces 'Gophers', a social game for mobile devices that utilises task oriented gameplay to create a novel entertainment experience. The study combines a number of key research themes: mobile social gaming, acquiring useful data through gameplay and content sharing in mobile settings. The experience of trialling the game in the real world is discussed and the findings from the study are presented.
Artificial neural networks and naturally ventilated buildings (1996)

The author found that the results obtained were reliable and indicates that neural networks can be used as a predictor for investigating window opening configurations to study the effects on interior air motion. Further study is needed in the development of the database to cover wider architectural parameters and the implementation of new types of network is also needed, as well as the need to consider variation spatial coefficients more fully.
Direct and Efficient Production of Ethanol from Cellulosic Material with a Yeast Strain Displaying Cellulolytic Enzymes (2002)

For direct and efficient ethanol production from cellulosic materials, we constructed a novel cellulose-degrading yeast strain by genetically codisplaying two cellulolytic enzymes on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By using a cell surface engineering system based on alpha-agglutinin, endoglucanase II (EGII) from the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei QM9414 was displayed on the cell surface as a fusion protein containing an RGSHis6 (Arg-Gly-Ser-His(6)) peptide tag in the N-terminal region. EGII activity was detected in the cell pellet fraction but not in the culture supernatant. Localization of the RGSHis6-EGII-alpha-agglutinin fusion protein on the cell surface was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. The yeast strain displaying EGII showed significantly elevated hydrolytic activity toward barley beta-glucan, a linear polysaccharide composed of an average of 1,200 glucose residues. In a further step, EGII and beta-glucosidase 1 from Aspergillus aculeatus No. F-50 were codisplayed on the cell surface. The resulting yeast cells could grow in synthetic medium containing beta-glucan as the sole carbon source and could directly ferment 45 g of beta-glucan per liter to produce 16.5 g of ethanol per liter within about 50 h. The yield in terms of grams of ethanol produced per gram of carbohydrate utilized was 0.48 g/g, which corresponds to 93.3% of the theoretical yield. This result indicates that efficient simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulose to ethanol are carried out by a recombinant yeast cells displaying cellulolytic enzymes.
Skeletal muscle weakness in old age: underlying mechanisms. (1994)

Maintenance of muscle mass and strength contributes to mobility which impacts on quality of life. Although muscle atrophy, declining strength, and physical frailty are generally accepted as inevitable concomitants of aging, the causes are unknown. Clarification of the mechanisms responsible for these changes would enhance our understanding of the degree to which they are preventable or treatable. The decline in muscle function between maturity and old age is similar for muscles of many different animals including human beings, and is typified by the decreases of approximately 35% in maximum force, approximately 30% in maximum power, and 20% in normalized force (kN.m-2) and power (W.kg-1) of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in old compared with adult mice. Much of the age-associated muscle atrophy and declining strength may be explained by motor unit remodeling which appears to occur by selective denervation of muscle fibers with reinnervation by axonal sprouting from an adjacent innervated unit. Muscles in old mice appear more susceptible to injury than muscles in young or adult mice and have a decreased capacity for recovery. The process of age-related denervation may be aggravated by an increased susceptibility of muscles in old animals to contraction-induced injury coupled with impaired capacity for regeneration.
Voice activity detector based on enhanced cumulant of LPC residual and on-line EM algorithm (2006)

This paper addresses the problem of segmenting audio data recorded with embedded devices for the purpose of intelligent sensing in the context of multi-modal interactions. We propose a real-time method for robust speech detection in natural, noisy environments. It is based on a fusion of high order statistics of the LPC residual and autocorrelation, and adopts an on-line version of Expectation Maximization algorithm for the classification. Experimental evaluations show that the proposed method provides better detection performance under different types of natural noises, working robustly against other voices in the context of multi-speaker interactive situations. As the proposed method is based on features which have a low computational cost, and has a small latency, it is suitable for real-time tracking applications.
Low-k interconnect stack with metal-insulator-metal capacitors for 22nm high volume manufacturing (2012)

We describe interconnect features for Intel's 22nm high-performance logic technology, with metal-insulator-metal capacitors and nine layers of interconnects. Metal-1 through Metal-6 feature a new ultra-low-k carbon doped oxide (CDO) and a low-k etch stop. Metal-7 and Metal-8 use a low-k CDO. New materials and process optimization provide 13-18% capacitance improvement. Single-exposure patterning for 80nm pitch layers makes the process cost-effective.
Gonococcal Infection: A Model of Molecular Pathogenesis (1985)

Human beings are the only reservoir for the gonococcus. In spite of public health efforts to control this pathogen, and the availability of adequate antibiotic therapy for 40 years, close to a million cases of gonococcal infection are reported in the United States annually.1 The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains has complicated treatment regimens.2 3 4 5 Sequelae of gonococcal infection, including sterility and ectopic pregnancy, are serious health problems,6 particularly in less developed areas of the world.The gonococcus infects a diverse array of mucosal surfaces, including the urethra, endocervix, pharynx, conjunctiva, and rectum. In a minority of patients these infections progress . . .
Thermomechanical behavior of an Fe-based shape memory alloy: transformation conditions and hystereses (1995)

The transformation conditions of an Fe-based polycrystalline shape memory alloy are determined experimentally under the multiaxial stress state. The martensite start condition is represented as an oval conical surface in the axial stress-shear stress-temperature space, meaning the transformation condition is not the von Mises type condition in plasticity and clearly depends on the third invariant of the stress tensor. The austenite start and finish conditions are also determined as the planes in the multiaxial stress-temperature space. The uniaxial stress-strain-temperature hysteretic behavior determined under the uniaxial thermomechanical loads is simulated by introducing the internal state variables which represent the status of the microscopic internal structures.
Approximate Nearest Neighbor Negative Contrastive Learning for Dense Text Retrieval (2020)

Conducting text retrieval in a dense learned representation space has many intriguing advantages over sparse retrieval. Yet the effectiveness of dense retrieval (DR) often requires combination with sparse retrieval. In this paper, we identify that the main bottleneck is in the training mechanisms, where the negative instances used in training are not representative of the irrelevant documents in testing. This paper presents Approximate nearest neighbor Negative Contrastive Estimation (ANCE), a training mechanism that constructs negatives from an Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) index of the corpus, which is parallelly updated with the learning process to select more realistic negative training instances. This fundamentally resolves the discrepancy between the data distribution used in the training and testing of DR. In our experiments, ANCE boosts the BERT-Siamese DR model to outperform all competitive dense and sparse retrieval baselines. It nearly matches the accuracy of sparse-retrieval-and-BERT-reranking using dot-product in the ANCE-learned representation space and provides almost 100x speed-up.
Matching User Photos to Online Products with Robust Deep Features (2016)

This paper focuses on a practically very important problem of matching a real-world product photo to exactly the same item(s) in online shopping sites. The task is extremely challenging because the user photos (i.e., the queries in this scenario) are often captured in uncontrolled environments, while the product images in online shops are mostly taken by professionals with clean backgrounds and perfect lighting conditions. To tackle the problem, we study deep network architectures and training schemes, with the goal of learning a robust deep feature representation that is able to bridge the domain gap between the user photos and the online product images. Our contributions are two-fold. First, we propose an alternative of the popular contrastive loss used in siamese deep networks, namely robust contrastive loss, where we "relax" the penalty on positive pairs to alleviate over-fitting. Second, a multi-task fine-tuning approach is introduced to learn a better feature representation, which not only incorporates knowledge from the provided training photo pairs, but also explores additional information from the large ImageNet dataset to regularize the fine-tuning procedure. Experiments on two challenging real-world datasets demonstrate that both the robust contrastive loss and the multi-task fine-tuning approach are effective, leading to very promising results with a time cost suitable for real-time retrieval.
Enhanced thermal response of the S<sub>A<sub>d1</sub></sub>layer thickness in highly fluorinated thermotropic liquid crystals (1994)

Abstract X-ray studies of a homologous series of rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules with one tail perfluorinated and the other protonated, reveal large decreases in the smectic A layer spacing with increasing temperature. These materials form unique dimer phases in which the smectic layer spacing is dependent on the length of the perfluorinated tail and independent of the length of the protonated tail. The chain statistics of the perfluorinated tail significantly influence the thermal expansion coefficient since the length of the fluorinated tail defines the smectic layer spacing. Thermal expansion coefficients for the layer spacing observed here are negative and nearly an order of magnitude greater than for typical protonated rod-shaped thermotropic liquid crystals in the SA phase.
Joint message-passing decoding of LDPC codes and partial-response channels (2002)

Ideas of message passing are applied to the problem of removing the effects of intersymbol interference (ISI) from partial-response channels. Both bit-based and state-based parallel message-passing algorithms are proposed. For a fixed number of iterations less than the block length, the bit-error rate of the state-based algorithm approaches a nonzero constant as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approaches infinity. This limitation can be removed by using a precoder. It is well known that low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes can be decoded using a message-passing algorithm. Here, a single message-passing detector/decoder matched to the combination of a partial-response channel and an LDPC code is investigated.
Abstraction mechanisms for pictorial slicing (2002)

Big programs tend to have big slices, so reverse engineering tools based on slicing must apply additional abstractions to make slices intelligible. We have built a tool that displays slices as diagrams. By confining the slice to the statements of a single procedure, by eluding all primitive statements, and by merging different calls of the same procedure, we eliminate local information that is easily seen in the code without the help of tools. And by labelling edges with the variables responsible for flows between procedure calls, global information about called procedures is represented locally. The resulting diagram gives a compact but rich summary of the role of called procedures in the slice.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural Properties of Heat-Induced Soy Protein Gels As Affected by Ionic Strength and pH (1998)

Hydration properties of acidic soy protein gels, prepared with different salt solutions, were studied. The type of bonds that stabilize gel structure and the nature of protein species that make up and stabilize such structure were also investigated. The microstructure of gels was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water-holding capacity (WHC) assays. The stability and nature of protein fractions of gel matrices were analyzed by solubility measurements and sodium dodecyl sulfate−polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The WHC of gels prepared with NaCl and CaCl2 decreased with increasing salt concentration. This fact suggested, as was corroborated by gel SEM, that at high ionic strength a more open matrix was formed. The structure of acidic gels, stabilized by noncovalent bonds, changed with NaCl addition. Both 7S and 11S globulin subunits participated via hydrophobic interactions to the stability of pH 2.75 gels. At pH 3.50 the gel matrix was stabilized by hydrophobic interactions among β-conglycinin subunits, whereas the AB-11S subunit and the AB-11S polymers, linked by disulfide bonds, would be soluble in the matrix interior due to the glycinin fraction that remains native after thermal treatment. Keywords: Soy protein gelation; gelation in acidic conditions; heat-induced gelation; salt effect; gel protein structure