gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systolic array processing of the Viterbi algorithm (1989)

Results on efficient forms of decoding convolutional codes based on the Viterbi algorithm by using systolic arrays are presented. Various properties of convolutional codes are discussed. A technique called strongly connected trellis decoding is introduced to increase the efficient utilization of all the systolic array processors. Issues dealing with the composite branch metric generation, survivor updating, overall system architecture, throughput rate, and computational overhead ratio are also investigated. The scheme is applicable to both hard and soft decoding of any rate b/n convolutional code. It is shown that as the length of the code becomes large, the systolic Viterbi decoder maintains a regular and general interconnection structure as well as moderate throughput rate gain over the sequential Viterbi decoder.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Random Observations on Random Observations: Sparse Signal Acquisition and Processing (2010)

In recent years, signal processing has come under mounting pressure to accommodate the increasingly high-dimensional raw data generated by modern sensing systems. Despite extraordinary advances in computational power, processing the signals produced in application areas such as imaging, video, remote surveillance, spectroscopy, and genomic data analysis continues to pose a tremendous challenge. Fortunately, in many cases these high-dimensional signals contain relatively little information compared to their ambient dimensionality. For example, signals can often be well-approximated as a sparse linear combination of elements from a known basis or dictionary.\nTraditionally, sparse models have been exploited only after acquisition, typically for tasks such as compression. Recently, however, the applications of sparsity have greatly expanded with the emergence of compressive sensing, a new approach to data acquisition that directly exploits sparsity in order to acquire analog signals more efficiently via a small set of more general, often randomized, linear measurements. If properly chosen, the number of measurements can be much smaller than the number of Nyquist-rate samples. A common theme in this research is the use of randomness in signal acquisition, inspiring the design of hardware systems that directly implement random measurement protocols.\nThis thesis builds on the field of compressive sensing and illustrates how sparsity can be exploited to design efficient signal processing algorithms at all stages of the information processing pipeline, with a particular focus on the manner in which randomness can be exploited to design new kinds of acquisition systems for sparse signals. Our key contributions include: (i) exploration and analysis of the appropriate properties for a sparse signal acquisition system; (ii) insight into the useful properties of random measurement schemes; (iii) analysis of an important family of algorithms for recovering sparse signals from random measurements; (iv) exploration of the impact of noise, both structured and unstructured, in the context of random measurements; and (v) algorithms that process random measurements to directly extract higher-level information or solve inference problems without resorting to full-scale signal recovery, reducing both the cost of signal acquisition and the complexity of the post-acquisition processing.
Study of the Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor Performance of Poly(<i>N</i>-vinylcaprolactam) and poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylmethacrylamide) with Varying End Caps (2018)

Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCap) is an effective kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) that has been widely used in both industry applications and laboratory studies. Industrially, organic peroxides are often used as the N-vinylcaprolactam (VCap) polymerization initiator. In our own past studies, we usually make PVCap by polymerizing VCap with azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN), giving a 2-cyanoprop-2-yl polymer end cap. In this study, VCap was polymerized with AIBN and a series of mercaptocarboxylic acid chain transfer agents (CTAs) to modify the end groups of PVCap. These end-group-modified PVCaps were investigated as KHIs in high-pressure rocking cells. Some of them showed better KHI performance than PVCap made with AIBN alone. The mercaptoacetic-acid-group-modified PVCap (PVCapSCH2COOH) had significantly better inhibition performance than normal PVCap on both structure I (sI) and structure II (sII) gas-hydrate-forming systems in aqueous solution as well as a sII hydrate-forming system containing added decane. However, the most powerful sII gas hydrate inhibitor among these end-group-modified PVCaps in this study was found to be the mercaptosuccinic-acid-group-modified PVCap [PVCapSCH(COOH)CH2COOH]. For example, in slow constant cooling tests at 76 bar with the sII gas-hydrate-forming gas mixture, 2500 ppm of PVCapSCH(COOH)CH2COOH in deionized water gave the first detectable hydrate formation at an average temperature [To(av)] of 8.5 °C. In contrast, PVCap made with AIBN alone gave a statistically significant and higher To(av) value of 9.7 °C. In contrast, 4-mercaptobenzoic-acid-group-modified PVCap (PVCapSC6H4COOH) in deionized water increased the To(av) value to 10.5 °C. We also introduced the mercaptoacetic acid and mercaptosuccinic acid groups into poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAA) polymers, again using AIBN as an initiator. Both of the end-group-modified PNIPMAAs gave superior KHI performance than PNIPMAA made using AIBN alone.
The 1961 International Standards Organization Technical Committee 36 Meeting (1961)

Representatives from the national standardizing bodies of ten countries met at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, to carry on the work of ISO/TC 36, Cinematography. The work covered a wide range of subjects affecting, in various ways, international business in the field of cinematography. Five current situations outlined illustrate important aspects of the work. Seven Working Groups were authorized to continue work on the uncompleted projects. Continuation of these activities is important to United States industry in this field.
Effects of phenobarbital in cerebral ischemia. Part I: cerebral energy metabolism during pronounced incomplete ischemia. (1978)

Changes in cerebral cortex concentrations of high-energy phosphates, glycolytic metabolites, citric acid cycle intermediates, associated amino acids, and ammonia, were studied after 5, 15 and 30 min of incomplete ischemia in rats anesthetized with 70% N2O or 150 mg.kg-1 of phenobartibal. Previous results have shown that with this type of ischemia (bilateral carotid artery occlusion combined with reduction in blood pressure to 50 mm Hg) cortical blood flow is reduced to below 10% of nitrous oxide values, whether animals are anesthetized with 70% N2O or 150 mg.kg-1 of phenobarbital. In animals under 70% N2O, changes in tissue concentrations of phosphocreatine, ATP, ADP and AMP were similar to those previously obtained in complete ischemia. However, some glucose remained in the tissue, and the lactate concentrations gradually rose to reach excessive values. Changes occuring in glycolytic and citric acid cycle intermediates were similar to those seen in complete ischemia but, after 30 min, there was some reduction in the pool size of amino acids. In those animals given phenobarbital and which lost all EEG activity during ischemia, changes in cerebral metabolites were virtually identical to those observed in nitrous oxide-anesthetized animals. However, some animals exposed to 5 or 15 min of ischemia had some remaining EEG activity. In these, cerebral energy state was significantly less deranged, and levels of glycogen, glucose and pyruvate were higher.
Staircase in the Electron Mobility of a ZnO Quantum Dot Assembly due to Shell Filling (2002)

Electron transport in an assembly of ZnO quantum dots has been studied using an electrochemically gated transistor. The electron mobility shows a stepwise increase as a function of the electron occupation per quantum dot. When the occupation number is below two, transport occurs by tunneling between the S orbitals. Transport becomes 3 times faster when the occupation number is between two and eight; tunneling now occurs between the P orbitals. Electron transport is thus critically determined by the quantum properties of the building blocks.
Efficient method dispatch in PCL (1990)

Article Free AccessEfficient method dispatch in PCL Authors: Gregor Kiczales System Sciences Laboratory, Xerox PARC System Sciences Laboratory, Xerox PARCView Profile , Luis Rodriguez Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyView Profile Authors Info & Claims LFP '90: Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on LISP and functional programmingMay 1990Pages 99–105https://doi.org/10.1145/91556.91600Published:01 May 1990Publication History 44citation366DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations44Total Downloads366Last 12 Months26Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Cyclin B mRNA depletion only transiently inhibits the <i>Xenopus</i> embryonic cell cycle (1991)

The control of the cell cycle is dependent on the ability to synthesize and degrade proteins called cyclins. When antisense oligonucleotides are used to deplete Xenopus embryos of mRNA encoding cyclin B protein, embryonic cleavage is inhibited. Surprisingly, after missing several rounds of cleavage, the cell cycle and cell division resumes. These studies indicate that the early embryonic cell cycle can proceed with undetectable levels of cyclin B encoding mRNA. In contrast, other events of normal development, including the activation of embryonic transcription and gastrulation, are inhibited.
Design and optimization of an achromatic photonic crystal bend (2003)

We perform a simple sensitivity analysis of a W1 waveguide bend in a photonic crystal (PhC) where we use the information obtained to optimize the PhC bend's frequency response. Within a single optimization step we already achieve very low power reflection coefficients over almost the entire frequency range of the photonic bandgap (PBG), i.e., an achromatic bend. A further analysis shows that there is a single critical rod in the optimized bend structure that exhibits an extraordinary high sensitivity at a given frequency. Hence power reflection becomes tunable from 0 % up to 100 % involving only small changes in the critical rod's properties. This opens the door to novel topologies for compact switches and sensor applications.
A Study on Impact Sound Insulation Properties of EPDM Micro Cellular Pad (2000)

In order to investigate the possibility of EPDM micro cellular pad (MCP) as an impact sound insulation product, we studied static/dynamic properties and vibration transfer characteristics of EPDM MCP depending on shape, thickness, degrees of foaming by using material test system (MTS) and lab scale mock-up test apparatus. Static/dynamic rigidity is increased when shape is simple. thickness and degrees of foaming low. We could see that dynamic stiffness is proportional to the transmissibility of EPDM MCP. When dynamic stiffness is increased, characteristic peak at transmissibility curve moves high frequency range or snows increase of maximum value of transmissibility. For lab scale mock-up test and finite element method, EPDM MCP shows low vibration velocity and superior mode shape to just concrete plus slab structure. We could confirm that possibility of EPDM MCP as a impact sound insulation product is high.
High-resolution aCGH and expression profiling identifies a novel genomic subtype of ER negative breast cancer (2007)

We present strong evidence for the existence of a novel subtype of high-grade ER-negative tumors that is characterized by a low genomic instability index. We also provide a genome-wide list of common copy number alteration regions in breast cancer that show strong coordinate aberrant expression, and further identify novel frequently amplified regions that correlate with poor prognosis. Many of the genes associated with these regions represent likely novel oncogenes or tumor suppressors.
ROLE OF COMPLEMENT IN HIV INFECTION (1997)

In human plasma, HIV activates the complement system, even in the absence of specific antibodies. Complement activation would, however, be harmful to the virus if the reactions were allowed to go to completion, since their final outcome would be virolysis. This is avoided by complement regulatory molecules, which either are included in the virus membrane upon budding from the infected cells (e.g. DAF/CD55) or are secondarily attached to HIV envelope glycoproteins as in the case of factor H. By using this strategy of interaction with complement components, HIV takes advantage of human complement activation for enhancement of infectivity, for follicular localization, and for broadening its target cell range at the same time that it displays an intrinsic resistance against the lytic action of human complement. This intrinsic resistance to complement-mediated virolysis can be overcome by monoclonal antibodies inhibiting recruitment of human factor H to the virus surface, suggesting a new therapeutic principle.
Context Aware Mobile Commerce Using Agent Technology (2006)

Advances in e-commerce have resulted in significant progress towards strategies, requirements, and development of e-commerce applications. However, nearly all e-commerce applications envisioned and developed so far assume fixed or stationary users with wired infrastructure. We envision many new e-commerce applications that will be possible and significantly benefit from emerging wireless and mobile networks context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover and take advantage of contextual information. Before mobile devices, computer applications only had to consider a fairly limited set of contextual concerns where users performed tasks on computers that remained stationary. With the advent of mobile and wireless devices, context is a less predictable influence on the actual design and use of computer systems. People are using applications in environments that are relatively unstable from one moment to the next. This paper attempts to present basic concepts like definition, characteristics, and types of context and features that are characteristic for context-aware applications. Structuring context aware applications is important for modularizing their implementation. The modularization is necessary for re-use and sharing of software and hardware components. A five-layer model for structuring context aware applications is presented later. It also discusses on location based service requirements and concludes with illustrations.
Notes - Reaction of Triphenyltin-Lithium with Some Esters (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Reaction of Triphenyltin-Lithium with Some EstersHenry Gilman and Lewis Gist, Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 6, 689–690Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1957Publication History Published online14 April 2003Published inissue 1 June 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01357a604https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01357a604research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tests with an Isochronous Recirculation System (1985)

An isochronous recirculation system is in operation at the MIT-Bates Accelerator Center. It is used to transport the electron beam from the output of the LINAC back to the input, to be reinjected so that the electrons pass through the accelerator a second time. The design and the general operation of the recirculation system and the Linac has been discussed elsewhere. The Linac accelerates electrons to 400 MeV in one pass with a duty factor near 1%, within an energy spread of always less than 0.3% and an emittance of 10 /el mm-mr. With the recirculation system the accelerator energy capability has been extended to 750 MeV. The accelerator is designed with a progressive series of stop bands to prevent the propagation of transverse modes, thus raising the calculated threshold of beam break-up (BBU) to more than an order of magnitude above operation needs for both single pass and recirculated operation. The recirculation transport system (RTS) is isochronous and highly achromatic allowing for an energy band pass of 6% in which the beam is fully transmitted through the accelerator twice. The admittance of the accelerator is about 0.3 mm-mrad for the recirculated beam. In this paper we describe, qualitatively, observationsmore » of the operation of the recirculation system under a variety of conditions. In particular, both simultaneous and head-to-tail recirculation have been accomplished. The former was done under a variety of phasing conditions of the second pass beam relative to the first. The instrumentation used in the evaluation of the tests include a beam current monitor (toroid) which measures the peak current, and the Rf loads of the output of the traveling wave waveguides which measure effectively the product of the current in the waveguide and the energy gain in that section of waveguide.« less
Utility of mTOR Inhibition in Hematologic Malignancies (2011)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an intracellular serine/threonine kinase that exists as a downstream component of numerous signaling pathways. The activation of mTOR results in the production of proteins involved in cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Aberrant activation of mTOR signaling has been identified in a number of cancers, and targeted inhibition of mTOR has been successful in achieving tumor responses, prolonging progression-free survival, and increasing overall survival in various oncologic patient populations. In particular, persistent activation of mTOR signaling has been identified in cell lines and patient samples with leukemias, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM), and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM). In vitro and preclinical studies using agents that inhibit mTOR signaling have demonstrated cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in these hematologic malignancies, suggesting that mTOR is a rational target for therapy in these disease states. In addition, the combination of mTOR inhibitors with traditional therapies may help to overcome the development of resistance and may improve response rates over those seen with established regimens through synergistic or additive effects. Inhibitors of mTOR signaling currently are being investigated in clinical trials of hematologic malignancies as single agents and as components of combination regimens. Thus far, promising results have been seen with the application of mTOR inhibitors as single agents in patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia, HL, NHL, MM, and WM.
Alternatively spliced variants of interleukin-4 promote inflammation differentially (2011)

IL-4δ2 is a natural splice variant of IL-4 that lacks the region encoded by the second exon. Numerous reports have suggested that the expression levels of IL-4δ2 change in various diseases, especially those with pulmonary involvement, but the in vivo effects of this splice variant have never been studied. Replication-deficient, AdV-mediated gene delivery of mIL-4δ2 to mouse lungs in vivo was used, and the effects compared with similar adenoviral delivery of mIL-4 or with infection with a noncoding NULL viral construct. Overexpression of IL-4δ2 or IL-4 caused pulmonary infiltration by T and B lymphocytes, whereas in contrast to IL-4, IL-4δ2 did not induce eosinophilia or goblet cell hyperplasia. Microarray analysis of global gene expression revealed that IL-4δ2 and IL-4 had differential effects on gene expression. These splice variants also differentially regulated pulmonary levels of the cytokines TNF-α, eotaxin, IL-1α, IFN-γ, and MCP-1, whereas both tended to increase total lung collagen modestly. Pulmonary infiltration by lymphocytes in response to overexpression of IL-4δ2 was attenuated but not abrogated completely by germline deficiency of IL-4Rα or STAT6, whereas deficiency of endogenous IL-4 had no effect. Thus, IL-4δ2 promotes lymphocytic inflammation in vivo (although differentially from IL-4, in part), and the effects of IL-4δ2 are not mediated by endogenous IL-4. Differential targeting of IL-4δ2 and IL-4 may therefore be considered in developing future therapeutic agents.
Expression of human prostatic acid phosphatase in a pancreatic islet cell carcinoma. (1978)

The immunologic specificity of human prostatic acidphosphatase has been established by several previous investigations as well as in this study. An apparent exception to this specificity was observed--a case of pancreatic islet cell carcinoma metastasized to the liver produced acid phosphatase that was immunologically indistinguishable from the prostatic acid phosphatase. In this case, the possibility of prostatic involvement was convincingly ruled out by clinical follow-ups and by postmortem pathologic studies. Highly purified prostatic acid phosphatase and this tumor acid phosphatase exhibited very similar Km values and identical molecular weights. Immunochemical analysis of the two enzymes using antiprostatic acid phosphatase sera showed that enzymes are antigenically identical. The implications of our observation are discussed in relation to clinical application of immunoassays for prostatic phosphatase in the future and to the molecular basis of human acid phosphatase polymorphism.