gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic properties of superlattices formed from ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials (1986)

We present theoretical studies of basic magnetic response characteristics of superlattice structures formed from alternating layers of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials, each described through use of a localized spin model. The geometry explored here is one in which the antiferromagnet consists of sheets parallel to each interface within which the spins are aligned ferromagnetically. The study of the classical (mean-field) ground state as a function of magnetic field shows that a sequence of spin-reorientation transitions occur, particularly for superlattices within which the antiferromagnetic constituent consists of an even number of layers. For the various phases, we present calculations of the spin-wave spectrum, and also the infrared absorption spectrum.
Rethinking Speech Recognition on Mobile Devices (2018)

In this paper, we describe our experiences and thoughts on building speech applications on mobile devices for developing countries. We describe three models of use for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems on mobile devices that are currently used – embedded speech recognition, speech recognition in the cloud, and distributed speech recognition; evaluate their advantages and disadvantages; and finally propose a fourth model of use that we call Shared Speech Recognition with User-Based Adaptation. This proposed model exploits the advantages in all the three current models, while mitigating the challenges that make any of the current models less feasible, such as unreliable cellular connections or low processing power on mobile devices, which are typical needs of speech application in developing regions. We also propose open questions for future research to further evaluate our proposed model of use. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of two mobile speech recognizers that are either used in a lab setting to compare the recognition accuracy against a desktop, or used in real-world speech applications for mobile devices in the developing world.
Building a repository for workflow systems (2003)

Workflow technology is becoming the key technology for business process modeling, reengineering and automating. During the workflow specification, enactment and administration, there may appear various types of metadata about workflow specifications and instances. A repository manager is, therefore, necessary to store and manage these metadata. In this paper, a workflow metamodel is proposed first. Then the requirements of repository support for workflows are explored and analysed. Based on the requirements, an object oriented design for the repository manager is presented.
Cambridge, Massachusetts (2016)

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Modeling, analysis, and implementation of parallel multi-inverter systems with instantaneous average-current-sharing scheme (2003)

Parallel multi-inverter systems can be designed to have the advantages of expandable output power, improved reliability, and easy N+X redundancy operation. However, a current-sharing control scheme has to be employed to enable the inverters to share the load current equally. A multi-inverter system with instantaneous average-current-sharing scheme is presented in this paper. By introducing a disturbance source to represent all the sources that may cause current unbalances, a model of the system can be built. Some key issues are discussed based on the model, including stability of the current-sharing controller, impedance characteristics and voltage regulation. Three experimental 110 VAC/1.1 kVA inverters are built and paralleled to verify the theoretical predictions.
The Biochemical and Genetic Basis for the Biosynthesis of Bioactive Compounds in Hypericum perforatum L., One of the Largest Medicinal Crops in Europe (2020)

<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L. commonly known as Saint John's Wort (SJW), is an important medicinal plant that has been used for more than 2000 years. Although <i>H. perforatum</i> produces several bioactive compounds, its importance is mainly linked to two molecules highly relevant for the pharmaceutical industry: the prenylated phloroglucinol hyperforin and the naphtodianthrone hypericin. The first functions as a natural antidepressant while the second is regarded as a powerful anticancer drug and as a useful compound for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. While the antidepressant activity of SJW extracts motivate a multi-billion dollar industry around the world, the scientific interest centers around the biosynthetic pathways of hyperforin and hypericin and their medical applications. Here, we focus on what is known about these processes and evaluate the possibilities of combining state of the art omics, genome editing, and synthetic biology to unlock applications that would be of great value for the pharmaceutical and medical industries.
In vivo studies of adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy for cis-platinum-resistant human ovarian tumor xenografts. (1999)

We have recently reported that mutations of the tumor suppressor p53 gene are associated with the development of resistance to cis-platinum in human ovarian cancer cells, and that adenovirus-mediated reintroduction of the wild-type p53 (wtp53) gene in ovarian tumor cells resulted in the sensitization of tumor cells to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether i.p. treatment of CDDP-resistant tumor cells expressing mutant p53 (mutp53) with a recombinant adenovirus expressing wtp53 (Adwtp53) would result in the sensitization of resistant cells to CDDP. In order to determine whether i.p. injection of a recombinant adenovirus would result in expression of the transgene in tumor cells growing intraperitoneally, we first injected A2780/CP cells in nude mice and 10 days later the mice were injected i.p. with a recombinant adenovirus expressing beta-galactosidase (Ad beta-gal). Twenty-four hours following i.p. injection of Ad beta-gal, tumors were removed and stained for beta-gal. While tumors showed extensive staining for beta-gal, indicating internalization of adenovirus and the expression of the transgene in tumors, no expression of beta-gal protein was detected in liver. I.p. treatment of A2780/CP tumor xenografts with Adwtp53 caused extensive tumor cell death, which was further enhanced by CDDP. Treatment with Adwtp53 (5 x 10(7) pfu/day, 3-5 treatments) resulted in a significant decrease in tumor volume and increase in animal survival compared to either no treatment or treatment with vector alone without p53 gene. Additional therapy with CDDP (1 mg/kg/day x 3-4) further reduced tumor volume and increased survival (30-40%), suggesting that combination therapy of Adwtp53 and CDDP was better than single agents alone. Our results indicate that i.p. dosing with adenovirus-mediated wtp53 gene therapy could be beneficial in combination with CDDP for the treatment of ovarian tumors expressing mutp53.
Sensor Registration in a Sensor Network by Continuous GRASP (2006)

One of the main reasons in forming a sensor network is to combine the information seen from different sensors to produce a single integrated picture that is an accurate representation of the scene of interest. An often overlooked problem in network design is the proper registration of the sensors in the network. Sensor registration can be seen as the process of removing (accounting for) non-random errors, or biases, in the sensor data. Without properly accounting for these errors, the quality of the composite picture can, and oftentimes does, degrade. In this paper, we present an approach for solving the sensor registration problem, based on a new continuous meta-heuristic, when not all data is seen by all sensors, and the correspondence of data seen by the different sensors is not known a priori. Considering a real problem from the defense industry, we show that this approach performs better than other approaches in the literature.
Performance characteristics of microcatheter systems in a standardized tortuous pathway. (1998)

All reinforced microcatheters tested established good and reproducible performance in our model. Reinforced microcatheters provided superior trackability over the one nonreinforced device tested.
<i>Ws-2</i> Introgression in a Proportion of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0</i> Stock Seed Produces Specific Phenotypes and Highlights the Importance of Routine Genetic Verification (2016)

Arabidopsis thaliana is an important model organism with a robust network of resources that has been of enormous value to the plant science research community. The use of isogenic material as a reference point or control is critical for many types of experiments in plant molecular biology and
Polyurethane Foams for Thermal Insulation Uses Produced from Castor Oil and Crude Glycerol Biopolyols (2017)

Rigid polyurethane foams were synthesized using a renewable polyol from the simple physical mixture of castor oil and crude glycerol. The effect of the catalyst (DBTDL) content and blowing agents in the foams' properties were evaluated. The use of physical blowing agents (cyclopentane and n-pentane) allowed foams with smaller cells to be obtained in comparison with the foams produced with a chemical blowing agent (water). The increase of the water content caused a decrease in density, thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and Young's modulus, which indicates that the increment of CO₂ production contributes to the formation of larger cells. Higher amounts of catalyst in the foam formulations caused a slight density decrease and a small increase of thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and Young's modulus values. These green foams presented properties that indicate a great potential to be used as thermal insulation: density (23-41 kg·m<sup>-3</sup>), thermal conductivity (0.0128-0.0207 W·m<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup>), compressive strength (45-188 kPa), and Young's modulus (3-28 kPa). These biofoams are also environmentally friendly polymers and can aggregate revenue to the biodiesel industry, contributing to a reduction in fuel prices.
From α2-Adrenoceptors to Imidazoline Receptors (1992)

Summary: Novel centrally acting antihypertensive agents such as moxonidine and rilmenidine have been used in the treatment of hypertension. This report discusses their mechanism of action compared with that of their predecessor clonidine and their behavior toward cardiovascular risk factors such as cardiac hypertrophy and alterations of lipid and glucose metabolism. Data indicate that moxonidine treatment reverses cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive patients and behaves neutrally toward plasma lipids and glucose; more intensive studies regarding these parameters are necessary and are now under way. Finally, we discuss whether drugs such as moxonidine might have beneficial effects in other cardiovascular disease states such as congestive heart failure.
pH-Induced Activation of Arenavirus Membrane Fusion Is Antagonized by Small-Molecule Inhibitors (2008)

The arenavirus envelope glycoprotein (GPC) mediates viral entry through pH-induced membrane fusion in the endosome. This crucial process in the viral life cycle can be specifically inhibited in the New World arenaviruses by the small-molecule compound ST-294. Here, we show that ST-294 interferes with GPC-mediated membrane fusion by targeting the interaction of the G2 fusion subunit with the stable signal peptide (SSP). We demonstrate that amino acid substitutions at lysine-33 of the Junín virus SSP confer resistance to ST-294 and engender de novo sensitivity to ST-161, a chemically distinct inhibitor of the Old World Lassa fever virus. These compounds, as well as a broadly active inhibitor, ST-193, likely share a molecular target at the SSP-G2 interface. We also show that both ST-294 and ST-193 inhibit pH-induced dissociation of the G1 receptor-binding subunit from GPC, a process concomitant with fusion activation. Interestingly, the inhibitory activity of these molecules can in some cases be overcome by further lowering the pH used for activation. Our results suggest that these small molecules act to stabilize the prefusion GPC complex against acidic pH. The pH-sensitive interaction between SSP and G2 in GPC represents a robust molecular target for the development of antiviral compounds for the treatment of arenavirus hemorrhagic fevers.
Trellis coding of non-coherent multiple symbol full response M-ary CPFSK with modulation index 1/M (2002)

The paper introduces a trellis coded modulation (TCM) scheme for non-coherent multiple full response M-ary CPFSK with modulation index 1/M. A proper branch metric for the trellis decoder is obtained by employing a simple approximation of the modified Bessel function for large signal to noise ratio (SNR). Pairwise error probability of coded sequences is evaluated by applying a linear approximation to the Rician random variable. Examples are presented for trellis codings of non-coherent binary CPFSK by using the Ungerboeck's (1982) set partitioning method. Asymptotic upper bounds on bit error probability are evaluated for the given coded systems, and simulation results are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Power consumption optimization of 8 bit, 2 MHz voltage scaling subranging CMOS 0.5 μm DAC (2002)

We present the design of an 8-bit voltage-scaling, subranging digital-to-analog converter with a current-biased floating fine ladder. The basic structure has been analyzed and optimized for the best trade-off between conversion speed and power dissipation. This allowed us to design a 4+4 bit converter capable to drive 4 pF with 200 /spl mu/A current consumption running at 2 MHz. Circuit simulations on a 0.5 /spl mu/m, 3.3 V single-supply CMOS digital process show that the above performances are fully achieved even in worst-case process conditions.
Cloning of a Human UDP-galactose:2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose 3β-Galactosyltransferase Catalyzing the Formation of Type 1 Chains (1998)

Biochemical evidence suggests that the galactosyltransferase activity synthesizing type 1 carbohydrate chains is separate from the well characterized enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of type 2 chains. This was recently confirmed by the cloning, from melanoma cells, of an enzyme capable of synthesizing type 1 chains, which was shown to have no homology to other galactosyltransferases. We report here the molecular cloning and functional expression of a second human beta3-galactosyltransferase distinct from the melanoma enzyme. The new beta3-galactosyltransferase has homology to the melanoma enzyme in the putative catalytic domain, but has longer cytoplasmic and stem regions and a carboxyl-terminal extension. Northern blots showed that the new gene is present primarily in brain and heart. When transfected into mammalian cells, this gene directs the synthesis of type 1 chains as determined by a monoclonal antibody specific for sialyl Lewisa. A soluble version of the cloned enzyme was expressed in insect cells and purified. The soluble enzyme readily catalyzes the transfer of galactose to GlcNAc to form Gal(beta1-3)GlcNAc. It also has a minor but distinct transfer activity toward Gal, LacNAc, and lactose, but is inactive toward GalNAc.
Low doses of natural killer T cells provide protection from acute graft-versus-host disease via an IL-4–dependent mechanism (2011)

CD4(+) natural killer T (NKT) cells, along with CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), are capable of controlling aberrant immune reactions. We explored the adoptive transfer of highly purified (> 95%) CD4(+)NKT cells in a murine model of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). NKT cells follow a migration and proliferation pattern similar to that of conventional T cells (Tcons), migrating initially to secondary lymphoid organs followed by infiltration of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) target tissues. NKT cells persist for more than 100 days and do not cause significant morbidity or mortality. Doses of NKT cells as low as 1.0 × 10(4) cells suppress GVHD caused by 5.0 × 10(5) Tcons in an interleukin-4 (IL-4)-dependent mechanism. Protective doses of NKT cells minimally affect Tcon proliferation, but cause significant reductions in interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production by donor Tcons and in skin, spleen, and gastrointestinal pathology. In addition, NKT cells do not impact the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect of Tcons against B-cell lymphoma-1 (BCL-1) tumors. These studies elucidate the biologic function of donor-type CD4(+)NKT cells in suppressing GVHD in an allogeneic transplantation setting, demonstrating clinical potential in reducing GVHD in HCT.
HTTP: An Evolvable Narrow Waist for the Future Internet (2012)

While the Internet is designed to accommodate multiple transport and application layer protocols, a large and growing fraction of Internet traffic runs directly over HTTP. Observing that HTTP is poised to become the de-facto "nrrow waist"of the modern Internet, this paper asks whether an HTTP narrow waist, compared with the an IP-layer waist, facilitates a more evolvable Internet. Evolvability is highly desirable for the Internet, since communication patterns change must faster than the underlying infrastructure. Furthermore, the narrow waist plays in important role in enabling or preventing architectural evolvability. We argue that HTTP is highly evolvable, due to (i) naming flexibility, (ii) indirection support, and (iii) explicit middleboxes. We point to evolving uses of HTTP on today's Internet, and designing our own publisher/subscribe service, HTTP Relay Service (HTTP-RS), on top of HTTP.
Scaled Healing Assessment Index: a novel method for measuring the degree of wound bed preparation (2007)

The Scaled Healing Assessment Index algorithm provides objective and reliable data, and can be used in research studies aimed at examining the beneficial effect of products intended for wound healing.
A Study of a New Ceramic Membrane for Use in Hemodialysis (2004)

The non-uniformity of pore size and pore distribution of the current hemodialysis membrane results in low efficiency of uremic solute removal as well as the loss of albumin. By using nano technology, an anodic alumina membrane (ceramic membrane) with self-organized nano-pore structure was produced. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between various anodization conditions and the pore characteristics of the ceramic membrane as a potential use in artificial kidney / hemodialysis. An aluminum thin film was oxidized in two electrolytes consisting of 3% and 5% sulfuric acid and 2.7% oxalic acid. The applied voltages were 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20 (V) for sulfuric acid and 20, 30, 40 and 50 (V) for oxalic acid. Pore size and porosity were determined by analyzing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and hydraulic conductivity was measured. Pore size increased linearly with voltage. Acid concentration affected pore formation but not pore size and pore distribution. Hydraulic conductivity of the ceramic membrane was higher than that of polymer dialysis membrane. The optimal formation conditions for self-organized nano-pore structure of ceramic membrane were 12.5–17.5V in 3–5% sulfuric acid at 0 °C. These conditions produced ceramic membranes with pores of ~ 10 nm diameter. Conclusion: Anodic alumina technology reliably produced in quantity structures with pore sizes in the 10–50 nm diameter range. Because of more uniform pore size, high porosity, high hydraulic conductivity and resistance to high temperature, the ceramic membrane has potential for future application as a hemodialysis membrane.
The Central Vasopressinergic System: Examining the Opportunities for Psychiatric Drug Development (2005)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a cyclic nonapeptide synthesized exclusively by neurosecretory cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Two functionally distinct vasopressinergic systems can be defined based on differences in the sites of action and release of AVP. The peripheral vasopressinergic system encompasses the sites of action for AVP released into peripheral circulation (e.g. vascular smooth muscle, liver, kidney) from nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary. Peripherally circulating AVP is responsible for the classic endocrine functions ascribed to this neurohormone (e.g. vasoconstriction, glycogen metabolism, antidiuresis). The central vasopressinergic system, on the other hand, includes the sites of AVP synthesis and release within the CNS, where AVP acts as a neuromodulator/neurotransmitter regulating an array of CNS-mediated functions (e.g. learning and memory, neuroendocrine reactivity, social behaviors, circadian rhythmicity, thermoregulation, and autonomic function). Historically, pharmaceutical interest has focused on drug development efforts that sought to exploit the peripheral effects of AVP. Evidence, however, from clinical studies and animal models of CNS disorders has directly implicated disturbances in vasopressinergic activity in the pathophysiology of a number of human psychiatric disorders (mood, anxiety, and cognitive disorders). This review will examine the available evidence of central vasopressinergic system involvement in psychiatric disorders, and the potential opportunities for development of novel psychopharmaceuticals around this system will be discussed. Specific lines of evidence will be presented which rationalize each AVP receptor subtype (V(1)R or V(1a), V(2)R, V(3)R or V(1b)) as a molecular target for particular psychiatric indications.
Paper wet performance and ester crosslinking of wood pulp cellulose by poly(carboxylic acid)s (1998)

Poly(carboxylic acid)s have been used as crosslinking agents for wood pulp cellulose to increase the wet strength of paper. In this research, we evaluated the effects of two multifunctional carboxylic acids, i.e., 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and poly(maleic acid) (PMA), on the wet strength retention, dimensional stability, wet stiffness, and folding endurance of the treated paper. We observed that the wet strength retention, dimensional stability, and wet stiffness of the treated sheets increase, whereas the folding endurance decreases as the poly(carboxylic acid) concentration applied to those sheets increases. We measured the ester carbonyl band absorbance in the spectra of the treated paper. The linear correlation between the ester carbonyl band absorbance and wet strength, dimensional stability, and wet stiffness indicates that the improvement in the wet performance of the treated paper is directly attributed to the ester crosslinking of the wood pulp cellulose by poly(carboxylic acid)s. The data presented in this article also indicate that FTIR spectroscopy can be used for predicting the performance of the paper crosslinked by poly(carboxylic acid)s. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67: 649–658, 1998
Total Synthesis of the Furanocembrane bis-Deoxylophotoxin (2001)

A total synthesis of the bis-deoxylophotoxin 25a, the probable biological precursor to the neurotoxin lophotoxin 1 is described. The synthesis uses a strategy based on sequential carbanion alkylation and Stille coupling between the chiral building blocks 5 and 6, leading to the furanocembranolide 23, following by functional group manipulation.
Toll-like receptors and fungal infections: the role of TLR2, TLR4 and MyD88 in paracoccidioidomycosis (2008)

The aim of this minireview is to present a concise view of the most important pattern recognition receptors used by the innate immune system to sense and control pathogen growth into host tissues. A brief review of the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in fungal infections followed by some recent results on the function of TLR4, TLR2 and the MyD88 adaptor molecule in the pathogenesis of paracoccidioidomycosis are presented.