gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma mi<scp>R</scp>‐21 is a novel diagnostic biomarker for biliary tract cancer (2013)

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) has a generally poor prognosis. Furthermore, it is difficult to distinguish BTC from benign biliary disease (BBD) with commonly used modalities. Therefore, a novel biomarker to facilitate cancer detection is highly desirable. Recent studies have reported the use of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for cancers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether circulating miRNA-21 (miR-21) could be used as a biomarker for BTC. Plasma samples were obtained from 94 BTC patients, 50 healthy volunteers (HVs), and 23 BBD patients. miR-21 levels in the samples were measured by qRT-PCR. Plasma miR-21 levels in patients with BTC were significantly higher than in HVs or in patients with BBD (P < 0.0001 for both). Receiver-operator curve (ROC) curve analysis in differentiating BTC patients from HVs indicated that area under the curve (AUC), optimal sensitivity and specificity was 0.93, 85.1% and 100%, respectively, and those in differentiating BTC patients from BBD patients was 0.83, 72.3%, 91.3%, respectively. Validation of these results indicated that the negative predictive value, positive predictive value, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in differentiating BTC patients from HVs was 76.6%, 98.6%, 84.0%, 98.0%, and 88.9%, respectively, and those in differentiating BTC patients from BBD patients was 42.2%, 93.0%, 71.2%, 82.6%, and 72.6%, respectively. These sets of values were improved by combining miR-21 and CA19-9 measurements. Plasma miR-21 is a novel diagnostic biomarker for BTC, and may be useful in distinguishing between BTC and BBD patients.
Characterization of Asia 1 sdAb from Camels Bactrianus (C. bactrianus) and Conjugation with Quantum Dots for Imaging FMDV in BHK-21 Cells (2013)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by FMD virus (FMDV), is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. Camelids have a unique immunoglobulin profile, with the smallest functional heavy-chain antibodies (sdAb or VHH) naturally devoid of light chains with antigen-binding capacity. We screened and characterized five sdAbs against FMDV by immunized library from C. bactrianus with Asia 1 virus-like particles (VLPs). Three of five recombinant sdAbs were stably expressed in E.coli, remained highly soluble, and were serotype-specific for VP1 protein of FMDV Asia 1 by ELISA. These failed to completely neutralize the Asia 1 virus. According to the KD value of binding affinity to three sdAbs, which ranged from 0.44 to 0.71 nm by SPR, sdAb-C6 was selected and conjugated with Zn/CdSe quantum dots (QDs) to form a QDs-C6 probe, which was used to trace and image the subcellular location of FMDV in BHK-21 cells. The results show that FMD virions were observed from 3 h.p.i., and most of virions were distributed on one side of the nucleus in the cytoplasm. We demonstrate the utility of sdAbs as functionalized QDs are powerful tools for FMDV research.
The Photoreceptor for Phototaxis in the Photosynthetic Flagellate Euglena gracilis (1998)

ABSTRACT The unicellular flagellate Euglena gracilis shows positive phototaxis at low fluence rates (≤10 W m 2 ) and negative phototaxis at high fluence rates (≥100 W m 2 ). Currently, retinal or flavins/pterins are discussed as chromo‐phores of the photoreceptor. When grown in the presence of 4 m M nicotine, a retinal inhibitor, for several generations, the cells still showed both responses, indicating that retinal is unlikely to be the chromophoric group of the photoreceptor responsible for phototaxis. The native flavin(s) can be substituted by growing the cells in roseo‐flavin dissolved in the medium. The absorption spectrum of roseoflavin extends well beyond the action spectrum for phototaxis (up to 600 nm). Excitation at wavelengths >550 nm does not cause phototactic orientation in control cells but causes both positive and negative phototaxis in roseoflavin‐grown cells, indicating an uptake and assembly of the chromophore in the photoreceptor complex. The white mutant strain 1224‐5/1f, induced by streptomycin treatment, lacks flavins as indicated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The phototaxis‐deficient pheno‐type cannot be complemented by the addition of external riboflavin. Fluorescence spectra of intact paraxonemal bodies (PAB) indicate that both pterins and flavins are involved in photoperception and that the excitation energy is efficiently funneled from the pterins to the flavins. This energy transfer is disrupted by solubilization of the PAB. In intact PAB flavins are not accessible to reducing or oxidizing substances, indicating that they are located inside the structure, while pterins are accessible, so that their localization can be assumed to be on the surface. The results described above are discussed with regard to the potential involvement of flavins and pterins as well as retinal in photoperception.
Comparison of immunoscintigraphy, efficacy, and toxicity of conventional and pretargeted radioimmunotherapy in CD20-expressing human lymphoma xenografts. (2003)

These results suggest that anti-CD20 pretargeted RIT may be superior to conventional radiolabeled antibodies in terms of radioimmunoscintigraphy, toxicity, and therapeutic efficacy for treatment of B-cell lymphomas.
Phenolic Resins (2002)

Abstract Phenolic resins are a family of polymers and oligomers composed of a wide range of structures based on the various reaction products of phenols with formaldehyde. Applications vary from commodity construction materials to high technology applications in electronics and aerospace. Phenolic resins are prepared using acidic or basic catalysts. Weak Lewis acids, such as zinc acetate, are used for specialty resins. Phenolic novolaks are thermoplastic resins prepared from acid catalysts and a molar excess of phenol. They have a molecular weight of 500–5000 and a glass‐transition temperature T g of 45–70°C. Novolak resins are typically cured with 5–15% hexamethylenetetramine as the cross‐linking agent. Resole‐type phenolic resins are produced with a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 1.2:1 to 3.0:1 and alkaline catalysts such as NaOH, Ca(OH) 2 , and Ba(OH) 2 . A typical resin has an initial molecular weight of 150 to perhaps 1500. For systems of unsubstituted phenols, the final cross‐link density is 150–300 atomic mass units per cross‐link. In 2001, worldwide consumption of phenolic resins exceeded 4 × 10 6 t; slightly less than half of the total volume was produced in the United States, where the largest volume application is in plywood adhesives and accounts for ca 49% of U.S. consumption. As a mature industry, U.S. production of phenolic resins has paralleled the growth in the GNP. Applications for phenolic resins include coatings, adhesives, carbonless copy paper, molding compounds, bonded and coated abrasives, friction materials, foundry resins, laminates, air and oil filters, wood bonding, fiber bonding, composites, spherical fillers, and fibers. Factors contributing to the health and safety concerns of phenolic resins are related primarily to the presence of unreacted phenol and formaldehyde. Unreacted phenol in a resin can range from >10% for liquid resoles used in impregnation processes to <1% for novolaks intended for use as epoxy hardeners. Free formaldehyde can be 2–4% in liquid adhesives.
Simulation of the photogrammetric appendage structural dynamics experiment (1995)

The Photogrammetric Appendage Structural Dynamics Experiment (PASDE) uses six video cameras in the Space Shuttle cargo bay to measure vibration of the Russian Mir space station Kvant-ll solar array. It occurs on Shuttle/Mir docking mission STS-74 scheduled for launch in November 1995. The objective of PASDE is to demonstrate photogrammetric technology for measuring 'untargeted' spacecraft appendage structural dynamics. This paper discusses a pre-flight simulation test conducted in July 1995, focusing on the image processing aspects. The flight camera system recorded vibrations of a full-scale structural test article having grids of white lines on black background, similar in appearance to the Mir solar array. Using image correlation analysis, line intersections on the structure are tracked in the video recordings to resolutions of less than 0.1 pixel. Calibration and merging of multiple camera views generated 3-dimensional displacements from which structural modal parameters are then obtained.
The circular form of the linear superconducting machine for marine propulsion (1981)

The superconducting linear synchronous machine (LSM) has been shown to be a highly efficient means of propulsion for application to advanced ground transport systems. We have shown that it would also appear to have significant advantages in marine engineering, e.g. for the propulsion of large commercial ships, tankers and military vessels, where the basic requirements of high torque at relatively low shaft speeds, together with the ease of reversibility, are readily met. A design utilising the circular form of the LSM as a ship's drive motor has been proposed and the details of a specific form of the LSM, namely the linear commutator machine (LCM) are discussed. The many advantages of this type of heteropolar machine are listed and compared with the superconducting homopolar motors which have been developed for ship propulsion. In particular, its flexibility in design, the built-in redundancy factors, hence reliability, together with other design details of the cryogenic magnets and the armature winding are described.
High-sensitivity optical to microwave comparison with dual-output Mach-Zehnder modulators (2018)

We demonstrate the use of two dual-output Mach-Zehnder modulators (DO-MZMs) in a direct comparison between a femtosecond (fs) pulse train and a microwave signal. Through balanced detection, the amplitude-to-phase modulation (AM-PM) conversion effect is suppressed by more than 40 dB. A cross-spectrum technique enables us to achieve a high-sensitivity phase noise measurement (-186 dBc/Hz above 10-kHz offset), which corresponds to the thermal noise of a +9 dBm carrier. This method is applied to compare a 1-GHz fs monolithic laser to a 1-GHz microwave signal generated from photodetection of a free-running 500 MHz mode-locked laser. The measured phase noise is -160 dBc/Hz at 4-kHz, -167 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz, and -180 dBc/Hz at offset frequencies above 100-kHz. The measurement is limited by the free-running 500-MHz laser's noise, the flicker noise of the modified uni-traveling carrier photodiode and the thermal noise floor, not by the method itself. This method also has the potential to achieve a similar noise floor even at higher carrier frequencies.
Triplet state. Its radiative and nonradiative properties (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriplet state. Its radiative and nonradiative propertiesMostafa A. El-SayedCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1968, 1, 1, 8–16Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50001a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50001a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3627Altmetric-Citations582LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Small Molecule That Mimics the BB-loop in the Toll Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Receptor Domain of MyD88 Attenuates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-induced Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production and Toxicity in Mice (2011)

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a clinical consequence of the profound amplification of host pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling that results from staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) exposure. We recently reported that MyD88(-/-) mice were resistant to SEA or SEB toxic shock and displayed reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in their serum. Here we report that SEB stimulation of total mononuclear cells up-regulated MyD88 in monocytes and T cells. Further, MyD88 gene silencing in primary human cells using siRNA prevented SEB or SEB plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) transcriptional activation, suggesting that MyD88-mediated signaling is an essential component of SEB toxicity. We synthesized small molecules that mimic the conserved BB-loop in the Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain of MyD88. In primary human cells, these mimetics attenuated SEB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. SEB stimulation of primary cells with mimetic affected newly synthesized MyD88 and downstream signaling components. Furthermore, LPS-induced MyD88 signaling was likewise inhibited in a cell-based reporter assay. More importantly, administration of mimetic reduced cytokine responses and increased survivability in a murine SEB challenge model. Collectively, these results suggest that MyD88 BB-loop mimetics interfere with SEB-induced pro-inflammatory signaling and toxicity, thus offering a potential approach in the therapy of toxic shock.
Thermal durability of AZO/Ag(Al)/AZO transparent conductive films (2016)

Abstract Effects of Al doping on surface morphology, sheet resistance, optical transmission spectra, and thermal durability of a thin Ag layer and AZO/Ag/AZO dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) transparent conductive films (TCFs) were investigated. The 1.7 at. % Al doping suppressed the initial island growth of a thin Ag layer and the plasmon resonant absorption dip in the optical transmission spectra. The threshold thickness of percolation conductivity was reduced from 9–10 (pure Al layer) to 5–6 nm (1.7 at. % Al-doped Ag layer). Al doping in the Ag layer improved the thermal durability of AZO/Ag/AZO-DMD TCFs. The threshold temperature for Ag void formation increased from 400 °C (DMD with pure Ag layer) to 600 °C (DMD with a 10.5 at. % Al-doped Ag layer). The optimum annealing temperature increased from 300 °C (DMD with a pure Ag layer) to 500 °C (DMD with a 10.5 at. % Al-doped Ag layer). Maximum figures of merit (FOM) were 0.5 × 10 −2 and 1.1 × 10 −2 Ω −1 for the DMD with a pure Ag layer and that with a 10.5 at. % Al-doped Ag layer, respectively.
Study of Immune Alterations in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with Different Etiologies (2004)

The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is characterized by symptoms lasting for at least six months and accompanied by disabling fatigue. The etiology of CFS is still unclear. At the National Center for Study of the Infectious Diseases Department of the Chieti University some immune investigations were performed with the purpose of detecting markers of the disease. CD4+, CD8+, NK CD56+ and B CD19+ lymphocytes were studied in 92 male and 47 female patients and in 36 control subjects. CFS patients were divided in three groups with a post-infectious onset (PI-CFS), an non post-infectious onset (NPI-CFS) and a non post-infectious onset with associated infections (NPI-CFS + AI). Both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were reduced in the CFS patients. However, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was increased in the CFS patients without difference between males and females. CD56+ cells of CFS patients were also reduced. In particular, blood CD56+ cells counts were significantly higher in PI-CFS patients than in the NPI-CFS subjects. These data confirm our preliminary results suggesting a key-role of a dysfunction of the immune system as a precipitating and-or perpetuating factor of the syndrome.
PPARδ regulates satellite cell proliferation and skeletal muscle regeneration (2011)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of nuclear receptors that play important roles in development and energy metabolism. Whereas PPARδ has been shown to regulate mitochondrial biosynthesis and slow-muscle fiber types, its function in skeletal muscle progenitors (satellite cells) is unknown. Since constitutive mutation of Pparδ leads to embryonic lethality, we sought to address this question by conditional knockout (cKO) of Pparδ using Myf5-Cre/Pparδflox/flox alleles to ablate PPARδ in myogenic progenitor cells. Although Pparδ-cKO mice were born normally and initially displayed no difference in body weight, muscle size or muscle composition, they later developed metabolic syndrome, which manifested as increased body weight and reduced response to glucose challenge at age nine months. Pparδ-cKO mice had 40% fewer satellite cells than their wild-type littermates, and these satellite cells exhibited reduced growth kinetics and proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, regeneration of Pparδ-cKO muscles was impaired after cardiotoxin-induced injury. Gene expression analysis showed reduced expression of the Forkhead box class O transcription factor 1 (FoxO1) gene in Pparδ-cKO muscles under both quiescent and regenerating conditions, suggesting that PPARδ acts through FoxO1 in regulating muscle progenitor cells. These results support a function of PPARδ in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and they establish a novel role of PPARδ in muscle progenitor cells and postnatal muscle regeneration.
<i>ymoA</i>, a <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> chromosomal gene modulating the expression of virulence functions (1991)

The virulence functions of Yersinia enterocolitica include the pYV-encoded Yop proteins and YadA adhesin as well as the chromosome-encoded enterotoxin, Yst. The yop and yadA genes form a temperature-activated regulon controlled by the transcriptional activator VirF. Gene virF, also localized on pYV, is itself thermoinduced in the absence of other pYV genes. The enterotoxin yst gene is silent in some collection strains including strain W22703. This paper describes two Tn5-Tc1 chromosomal insertion mutants of W22703 transcribing virF, and hence the yop and yadA genes, at low temperature. These mutants also resumed their production of Yst, with its typical temperature dependence. Both mutations were insertions in the same gene called ymoA for 'Yersinia modulator'. The cloned ymoA gene fully complemented the two mutations. Several properties of the mutants suggest that ymoA encodes a histone-like protein. According to the nucleic acid sequence, the product of ymoA is an 8064 Da protein rich in aspartic acid (9%), glutamic acid (9%) and lysine (10.5%), but the predicted amino acid sequence shows no similarity with any described histone-like protein. This work supports recent reports which propose a role for DNA topology and bacterial chromatin structure in thermoregulation of virulence functions.
More Than 10% Weight Loss in Head and Neck Cancer Patients During Radiotherapy Is Independently Associated with Deterioration in Quality of Life (2013)

The authors prospectively assessed the independent association between weight loss and deterioration in quality of life (QOL) in patients treated by radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. In 533 head and neck cancer patients treated by curative radiotherapy, changes in weight and QOL were assessed between baseline (before radiotherapy) and follow-up (12 wk after the start of radiotherapy). Patients were categorized into 4 weight loss categories: 0%, 0.1%-5.0%, 5.1%-10.0%, and >10% weight loss. The association between weight loss and change in QOL was analyzed by linear regression analysis, adjusted for sociodemographic and tumor-related characteristics, and additionally for disease specific symptoms and tube feeding. Thirty percent of patients lost 0.1%-5.0% weight, 26% lost 5.1%-10.0% weight, and 24% lost >10% weight. Adjusted regression analyses showed a significant association between weight loss and deterioration of global QOL, physical functioning, social functioning, social eating, and social contact. After additional adjustment for disease-specific symptoms and tube feeding, weight loss (>10%) remained significantly associated with global QOL, social eating, and social contact (P < 0.05). More than 10% weight loss during and directly after radiotherapy has a significant impact on social eating, social contact, and QOL in head and neck cancer patients.
An investigation of delta-I noise on integrated circuits (1993)

Delta- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> noise is the voltage induced between the power conductors (e.g. the ground and the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cc</sub> planes) when a circuit connected between them switches from one state to another. The authors show that the physics of the noise is more complex, and that it is related to wave propagation effects. Delta- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> noise should be present not only in integrated circuits (chips), but also in multilayered boards, where it should be pronounced when the transients are of the order of 1 ns or less. Investigation of the delta- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> noise is carried out for a simplified model of power planes, using a wire-antenna numerical simulation program. The model includes the wave propagation effects, as well as radiation, but it does not include the effects of the dielectric filling the space between the planes. The results of the analysis clearly show that the inductive effects are important only for slower transients. For fast digital circuits the power planes actually form a resonator,which can have a high quality factor, and the delta- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> noise can build up to very high voltage levels.
[Site-directed mutagenesis and promoter functional analysis of RM07 DNA fragment from Halobacterium halobium in Escherichia coli]. (2004)

The RM07 DNA fragment from Halobacterium halobium was inserted upstream of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene in pKK232-8 in two different orientations (positively or negatively), generating the RM07-cat fusion plasmids pRM07-1 (+) and pRM07-1 (-). These two plasmids and pKK232-8 were transformed into Escherichia coli HB101 respectively, then the antibiotic resistance level and the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase protein concentration of different transformants were detected. The research results revealed that HB101/pRM07-1 (+) was resistant to chloramphenicol and could grow on the plate containing chloramphenicol, but HB101/pRM07-1 (-) and HB101/pKK232-8 were sensitive to it. Therefore, the results suggested that the positive RM07 fragment had promoter activity in Escherichia coli while the negative RM07 fragment did not. Site-directed mutagenesis of RM07 was performed by PCR mutagenesis method. The effect of specific nucleotide mutations on the chloramphenicol resistance level of different transformants was detected. The different transformants containing different nucleotide mutations were inoculated on the plates containing various concentrations of chloramphenicol and then incubated at the same time. The change of chloramphenicol resistance level reflected the change of promoter activity. By using this method, the important nucleotide responsible for the promoter function of RM07 in Escherichia coli was determined. The promoter activity of RM07 in Escherichia coli was also improved greatly by modifying the nucleotide component.