gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Absorption Spectrum of Suspensions of Carbon Black. (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe Absorption Spectrum of Suspensions of Carbon Black.A. J. Wells and W. R. SmithCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1941, 45, 7, 1055–1060Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1941https://doi.org/10.1021/j150412a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1217Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (311 KB) Get e-Alerts
The La<sub>0.6</sub>Ca<sub>0.4</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>-YSZ Composite as an SOFC Air Electrode (1990)

Us ing 8o Y203 doped Z rO2 (YSZ as the electrolyte and the Lao6Cao4MnO3-YSZ composite as the porous oxide layer for the SOFC air electrode studies were made how the electrode degradation occurs and how e can prevent the degradat ion T ime changes in the electrocheical propert ies 1e the complex
Sympathetic activity and blood pressure increases with bladder distension in humans. (1989)

Microneurographic recordings of muscle nerve sympathetic activity, which is governed by baroreceptors and involved in blood pressure regulation, were made in the peroneal nerve in 16 healthy volunteers during physiological bladder distension. When the urge to urinate was pronounced, sympathetic outflow increased from a baseline level of 16.3 +/- 1.7 to 23.2 +/- 1.9 bursts/min (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.01). There was a concomitant significant rise in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, from 125 +/- 2/74 +/- 2 to 140 +/- 4/84 +/- 3 mm Hg. After micturition, sympathetic activity and blood pressure returned toward initial values. It is concluded that 1) increased sympathetic outflow contributed to the rise in blood pressure, 2) there is a vesicovascular response mediated by sympathetic vasoconstrictor neurons in humans corresponding to mechanisms observed in animals, and 3) the described functional relation between bladder distension and sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity probably plays a role in clinical conditions such as autonomic dysreflexia in humans with cervical spinal cord lesions and nocturnal micturition syncope.
Immune Checkpoints and CAR-T Cells: The Pioneers in Future Cancer Therapies? (2020)

Although the ever-increasing number of cancer patients pose substantial challenges worldwide, finding a treatment with the highest response rate and the lowest number of side effects is still undergoing research. Compared to chemotherapy, the relatively low side effects of cancer immunotherapy have provided ample opportunity for immunotherapy to become a promising approach for patients with malignancy. However, the clinical translation of immune-based therapies requires robust anti-tumoral immune responses. Immune checkpoints have substantial roles in the induction of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tolerance against tumor antigens. Identifying and targeting these inhibitory axes, which can be established between tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, can facilitate the development of anti-tumoral immune responses. Bispecific T-cell engagers, which can attract lymphocytes to the tumor microenvironment, have also paved the road for immunological-based tumor elimination. The development of CAR-T cells and their gene editing have brought ample opportunity to recognize tumor antigens, independent from immune checkpoints and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Indeed, there have been remarkable advances in developing various CAR-T cells to target tumoral cells. Knockout of immune checkpoints via gene editing in CAR-T cells might be designated for a breakthrough for patients with malignancy. In the midst of this fast progress in cancer immunotherapies, there is a need to provide up-to-date information regarding immune checkpoints, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR-T cells. Therefore, this review aims to provide recent findings of immune checkpoints, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR-T cells in cancer immunotherapy and discuss the pertained clinical trials.
An evaluation of several biochemical markers for bone formation and resorption in a protocol utilizing cyclical parathyroid hormone and calcitonin therapy for osteoporosis. (1993)

Female patients (n = 20) with osteoporosis, aged 66 +/- 5 yr were studied during a 24-h infusion of parathyroid hormone (PTH [1-34]) at a rate of 0.5 IU equivalents/kg.h, and then during a 28-d period of subcutaneous injections, at a dose of 800 IU equivalents per day. Thereafter half the patients received subcutaneous injections of calcitonin, 75 U/d for 42 d, and all patients were followed to the end of a 90-d cycle. Biochemical markers of bone formation (serum alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and the carboxy-terminal extension peptide of pro-collagen 1) and bone resorption (fasting urine calcium, hydroxyproline, and deoxypyridinoline) were compared during treatment by the intravenous and subcutaneous route of PTH administration, and subsequently during calcitonin therapy. During intravenous PTH infusion there were significant reductions in all three bone formation markers, despite expected rises in urinary calcium and hydroxyproline. By contrast, the circulating markers of bone formation increased rapidly by > 100% of baseline values during daily PTH injections (P < 0.001). Significant increases in bone resorption markers were only seen at the end of the 28 d of injections, but were < 100% over baseline values, (P < 0.05). Quantitative bone histomorphometry from biopsies obtained after 28 d of PTH treatment confirmed that bone formation at both the cellular and tissue levels were two to five times higher than similar indices measured in a control group of biopsies from untreated osteoporotic women. Subsequent treatment of these patients with calcitonin showed no significant changes in the biochemical markers of bone formation and only a modest attenuation of bone resorption. Thus, PTH infusion may inhibit bone formation, as judged by circulating biochemical markers, whereas daily injections confirm the potent anabolic actions of the hormone. Sequential calcitonin therapy does not appear to act synergistically with PTH in cyclical therapeutic protocols.
[Examination of the compatibility of a Salmonella Typhimurium-live vaccine Salmoporc for three day old suckling piglets]. (2009)

The present study intended to investigate the compatibility of the orally applicated Salmonella Typhimurium live vaccine Salmoporc on day 3 and 21, respectively. Piglets which only received saline solution orally were used as negative control. During eight hours following vaccination, fecal consistency, body temperature as well as body condition were evaluated. Furthermore, in addition to the daily measures of body temperature and body condition, weekly weight controls as well as bacteriological examination referring to the duration of excretion of the vaccine strain, were carried out until the end of the study. Additionally, distribution and persistence of the pathogen in different tissues were examined. Using serological determination of salmonella antibodies, immune response was scrutinised. Oral vaccination resulted in a significant rise of the body temperature.The vaccine strain could be isolated from fecal samples until the 28th day (seven days after the second vaccination). The vaccination strain persisted until six weeks after the second vaccination in organs of the piglets, whereas the last detection was from samples of small and large intestine. Field strains could neither be isolated from fecal nor from organ samples of vaccinated and control group. Until the end of the study, control animals were negative by bacteriological examination of fecal and organic samples. Seroconversion was observed from day seven after the second vaccination. Mean concentration of antibodies was significantly higher in vaccinated than in control animals three weeks after vaccination.
<i>In Vivo</i> Biodistribution and Small Animal PET of <sup>64</sup> Cu-Labeled Antimicrobial Peptoids (2012)

Peptoids are a rapidly developing class of biomimetic polymers based on oligo-N-substituted glycine backbones, designed to mimic peptides and proteins. Inspired by natural antimicrobial peptides, a group of cationic amphipathic peptoids has been successfully discovered with potent, broad-spectrum activity against pathogenic bacteria; however, there are limited studies to address the in vivo pharmacokinetics of the peptoids. Herein, (64)Cu-labeled DOTA conjugates of three different peptoids and two control peptides were synthesized and assayed in vivo by both biodistribution studies and small animal positron emission tomography (PET). The study was designed in a way to assess how structural differences of the peptidomimetics affect in vivo pharmacokinetics. As amphipathic molecules, major uptake of the peptoids occurred in the liver. Increased kidney uptake was observed by deleting one hydrophobic residue in the peptoid, and (64)Cu-3 achieved the highest kidney uptake of all the conjugates tested in this study. In comparison to peptides, our data indicated that peptoids had general in vivo properties of higher tissue accumulation, slower elimination, and higher in vivo stability. Different administration routes (intravenous, intraperitoneal, and oral) were investigated with peptoids. When administered orally, the peptoids showed poor bioavailability, reminiscent of that of peptide. However, remarkably longer passage through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract without rapid digestion was observed for peptoids. These unique in vivo properties of peptoids were rationalized by efficient cellular membrane permeability and protease resistance of peptoids. The results observed in the biodistribution studies could be confirmed by PET imaging, which provides a reliable way to evaluate in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of peptoids noninvasively and in real time. The pharmacokinetic data presented here can provide insight for further development of the antimicrobial peptoids as pharmaceuticals.
<i>An Improved Polarographic Method for Measuring Oxygen Tension in Whole Blood</i> (1957)

A new type of polarographic electrode (Clark) was found to provide a means of accurately and rapidly determining the O2 tension of whole blood at all levels of Po2. The electrode response is independent of ph, CO2 tension and hematocrit. Temperature and pressure changes produce predictable linear variations in electrode response for any given oxygen tension. There were found to be occasional marked variations in calibration curves for unknown reasons. Thus, accuracy can only be assured by developing a calibration curve for each subject's blood. A simple system for calibration of the electrode in whole blood has been described. Submitted on June 14, 1957
Flexibles rechnergesteuertes Meßgerät zum Prüfen von Innengewinden / Computer-controlled flexible measuring device for testing internal threads (1985)

Article Flexibles rechnergesteuertes Meßgerät zum Prüfen von Innengewinden / Computer-controlled flexible measuring device for testing internal threads was published on December 1, 1985 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 52, issue 12).
A new timing-driven multilayer MCM/IC routing algorithm (2002)

In high-performance multilayer routing, time delay is an important performance issue which has not been appropriately addressed by previous multilayer routing approaches. This paper proposes a new timing-driven MCM/IC multilayer routing algorithm, named MLR, considering the Elmore delay as well as some other fundamental performance issues, such as the number of layers, vias and the total wirelength. Algorithm MLR assigns all the nets into the routing layers layer-pair by layer-pair based on the layer assignment algorithm. During each pair-layer routing, the timing-driven Steiner area routing algorithm SOAR is used to generate a Steiner tree for each net while minimizing the Elmore delay of the net. For two nodes to be connected for the net being routed, an optimal path from one node to the other is created by the (/spl alpha/,/spl beta/)* algorithm. Additionally, when power and ground nets are considered, some signal nets are routed in the limited routing space on the power and ground layer-pair, which is very useful in decreasing the number of layers needed to complete the routing. The proposed algorithm has been implemented and tested on CBL/NCSU and MCC benchmarks and the experimental results are very promising.
Cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase catalyzes acyclovir phosphorylation. (1985)

A cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) can catalyze the phosphorylation of inosine (Worku, Y., and Newby, A.C. (1982) Biochem. J. 205, 503-510). This enzyme was purified to determine whether it could catalyze the formation of trace levels of phosphorylated acyclovir (ACV), a nucleoside analog with antiherpes activity. Acyclovir phosphorylating activity from rat liver co-chromatographed with the enzyme throughout the 1200-fold purification and through size exclusion chromatography or polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. In addition, the pH optimum, ATP stimulation, and phosphate inhibition of the ACV phosphorylating activity paralleled those of the 5'-nucleotidase. Finally, ACV phosphorylation was competitively inhibited by inosine (Kis = 6.5 mM; K'm (inosine) = 5.0 mM). This was consistent with phosphorylation at a common catalytic site. In addition to inosine and ACV, the guanine derivatives Guo, dGuo, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine, and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine were substrates for the enzyme. The relative phosphorylation rates were, respectively, 100, 0.7, 19, 4, 0.3, and 0.7, at 0.1 mM phosphate acceptor. Approximate K'm values were, respectively, 5, 90, 10, 10, greater than 100, and greater than 100 mM. Although the substrate activity of ACV with the 5'-nucleotidase was inefficient, it appeared to be sufficient to account for the small amounts of ACV phosphates formed in uninfected cells.
CLLU1 expression analysis adds prognostic information to risk prediction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2007)

We recently identified a disease-specific gene CLLU1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and also demonstrated that high CLLU1 expression levels predict poor clinical outcome. To validate this finding, we measured CLLU1 mRNA expression levels by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 175 patients with CLL. Analyses of IgV(H) mutational status, ZAP-70 expression, CD38 expression, and chromosomal aberrations were also performed. High levels of CLLU1 expression were associated with shorter overall survival (P < .001), with a 7% increase in risk of early death by each doubling of the CLLU1 expression level. Stratification for age at diagnosis demonstrated a strong prognostic significance of CLLU1 expression in patients younger than 70 years (P < .001), but not in patients aged 70 or older (P = .61). The prognostic significance of IgV(H) mutational status and ZAP-70 expression had a similar age-dependent variation. Multivariate analysis in the younger age group showed that CLLU1 expression analysis added further prognostic information within all prognostic subgroups, with the exception of patients with unmutated IgV(H) CLL. Only CLLU1 expression and IgV(H) mutational status had independent predictive power. Thus, analysis of CLLU1 expression is highly applicable in risk prediction in CLL for patients of an age eligible for risk stratification.
Role of thrombospondin-1 in a mouse model of breast cancer (2005)

6129 Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) has been shown to be an effective anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic protein in vitro and in many xenograft mouse models. These models are limited in the information they provide because they don’t recapitulate the natural progression of the tumor at the correct body site. We were interested to know how TSP-1 inhibits breast cancer progression in vivo. The approach we decided to take was to develop a transgenic mouse model for breast cancer in order to enable us to study tumor progression at different stages (ie. initiation to metastasis). We crossed TSP-1 +/+ and TSP-1 -/- female mice with male polyomavirus middle T Antigen (PyT)/mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) transgenic mice to generate progeny that are PyT +/−, TSP-1 +/+ and PyT +/−, TSP-1 -/-. At 60 days of age when tumors are becoming palpable, we found that tumors in the PyT +/−, TSP-1 -/- mice are 50% larger than tumors found in the PyT +/−, TSP-1+/+. In our preliminary analysis on blood vessel density, TSP-1+/+ mice at 60 days of age have fewer tumor vessels/mm2. This suggests that TSP-1 may play role in inhibiting early tumor progression through an anti-angiogenic mechanism. By contrast, at 90 days of age when tumors are very well established, tumors from the PyT +/−, TSP-1 -/- mice are only slightly larger than tumors found in the PyT +/−,TSP-1 +/+ mice. We also found that there was a higher incidence of overt lung metastasis in the PyT +/−, TSP-1+/+ mice suggesting that TSP-1 played an important role during lung metastasis in this model. This data was confirmed using real time PCR on RNA isolated from mice lungs. This indicates that TSP-1 may not be as an effective inhibitor of tumor growth as in earlier stages. The effects of TSP-1 parallels those of TGF-beta which reportedly inhibits early stages of tumor progression, but promotes metastasis. Since TSP-1 is known to activate TGF-beta, we determined TGF-beta activity level by measuring the downstream effector molecule of the TGF-beta receptor, phosph-Smad 2, in the tumors. PyT+/−, TSP-1 +/+ tumors expressed higher levels of phospho-Smad 2 than PyT +/−, TSP-1 -/- tumors while Smad 2/3 levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that TSP-1’s role in tumor progression is very complex and differs at key points during tumor progression.
A novel system for in-flight detection of wind shear (1986)

For any aircraft an encounter with wind shear during take-off, initial climb, or landing approach is a hazardous flight situation. This paper describes the design of an airborne wind shear detection system which has been arranged to provide pilots with a vocal alert upon encountering wind shear, and also vocal annunciation of the intensity and direction of the horizontal component of wind shear. Its vertical velocity component is presented visually. The system is based upon Luenberger observer theory and the design involves the use of a microprocessor and a voice synthesis device. The results of the simulation of a landing approach in the presence of an acute wind shear are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the system.
Visualization of self-limiting electrochemical gas generation to recover underwater superhydrophobicity (2015)

We develop a transparent superhydrophobic (SHPo) surface with an imbedded electrode to investigate the selflimiting gas recovery mechanism reported for a long-term SHPo state underwater [1]. The surface is made from two Teflon sheets by two hot-embossing steps that embed a metal strip in between. The self-initiation of electrochemical gas generation at liquid impalement and self-termination at full gas recovery of a microtrench is directly visualized. Furthermore, we develop a high-pressure chamber to study the mechanism at elevated hydrostatic pressures (up to 4 atm tested).
Novel Synthesis of P-Chiral Hydroxymethylphosphine–Boranes through Lipase-Catalyzed Optical Resolution (2003)

Abstract A novel approach toward the lipase-catalyzed acylation of alkyl(1-hydroxymethyl)phosphine–boranes was achieved. Up to 99% of enantiomerically enriched phosphine–boranes was obtained by using lipase AK and CAL.
Temperature Dependence of Anisotropic Protein Backbone Dynamics (2003)

The measurement of (15)N NMR spin relaxation, which reports the (15)N-(1)H vector reorientational dynamics, is a widely used experimental method to assess the motion of the protein backbone. Here, we investigate whether the (15)N-(1)H vector motions are representative of the overall backbone motions, by analyzing the temperature dependence of the (15)N-(1)H and (13)CO-(13)C(alpha) reorientational dynamics for the small proteins binase and ubiquitin. The latter dynamics were measured using NMR cross-correlated relaxation experiments. The data show that, on average, the (15)N-(1)H order parameters decrease only by 2.5% between 5 and 30 degrees C. In contrast, the (13)CO-(13)C(alpha) order parameters decrease by 10% over the same temperature trajectory. This strongly indicates that there are polypeptide-backbone motions activated at room temperature that are not sensed by the (15)N-(1)H vector. Our findings are at variance with the common crank-shaft model for protein backbone dynamics, which predicts the opposite behavior. This study suggests that investigation of the (15)N relaxation alone would lead to underestimation of the dynamics of the protein backbone and the entropy contained therein.
Polynomial unconstrained binary optimisation &ndash; Part 1 (2011)

The class of problems known as quadratic zero-one (binary) unconstrained optimisation has provided access to a vast array of combinatorial optimisation problems, allowing them to be expressed within the setting of a single unifying model. A gap exists, however, in addressing polynomial problems of degree greater than 2. To bridge this gap, we provide methods for efficiently executing core search processes for optimisation problems in the general polynomial unconstrained binary (PUB) domain. A variety of search algorithms for quadratic optimisation can take advantage of our methods to be transformed directly into algorithms for problems where the objective functions involve arbitrary polynomials. In this Part 1 paper, we give fundamental results for carrying out the transformations. We also describe coding and decoding procedures that are relevant for efficiently handling sparse problems, where many coefficients are 0, as typically arise in practical applications. In a sequel to this paper, Part 2, we provide special algorithms and data structures for taking advantage of the basic results of Part 1. We also disclose how our designs can be used to enhance existing quadratic optimisation algorithms.
Affinity-Based Power Saving MAC Protocol in Ad Hoc Networks (2005)

In this paper, we suggest a framework for power saving (PS) MAC protocol in a one hop mobile ad hoc network with a coordinator, and propose affinity based scheduling algorithm. Affinity is a novel concept that we introduce first. We define two types of affinities, i.e., node affinity and task affinity. Node affinity is defined as the weighted sum of incoming and outgoing task flows at each node, and task affinity as the sum of node affinities of source and destination nodes of each task. Our proposed scheduling algorithm has the advantage of putting more nodes into doze state for energy saving after completion of each task. To maximize the PS effect, we combine shortest job first scheduling with affinity based scheduling. We also devise an enhanced 802.11 PS MAC protocol by applying our framework and scheduling algorithm to the 802.11 MAC protocol which prevails in real world. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheduling algorithm and PS MAC protocol improve power efficiency and throughput significantly over other competitive schemes.