gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensibility at Nuremberg: A Review Essay on Telford Taylor's The Anatomy of the Nuremburg Trials (1994)

Justice Robert H. Jackson's opening statement at the Nuremberg trial has justly been characterized as one of the greatest orations in modern juristic literature. Yet behind its rhetorical power lies a fervent anxiety: a desire to silence the skeptical voices whispering that the Nuremberg trials were just the tarted-up revenge to which Camus alludes.
All optimal Hankel-norm approximations of linear multivariable systems and their<i>L</i>,<sup>∞</sup>-error bounds† (1984)

The problem of approximating a multivariable transfer function G(s) of McMillan degree n, by Ĝ(s) of McMillan degree k is considered. A complete characterization of all approximations that minimize the Hankel-norm is derived. The solution involves a characterization of all rational functions Ĝ(s) + F(s) that minimize where Ĝ(s) has McMillan degree k, and F(s) is anticavisal. The solution to the latter problem is via results on balanced realizations, all-pass functions and the inertia of matrices, all in terms of the solutions to Lyapunov equations. It is then shown that where σ k+1(G(s)) is the (k+l)st Hankel singular value of G(s) and for one class of optimal Hankel-norm approximations. The method is not computationally demanding and is applied to a 12-state model.
A chemodosimeter approach to fluorescent sensing and imaging of inorganic and methylmercury species (2009)

A highly sensitive fluorescent turn-on probe specific for methylmercury species as well as inorganic mercury ions has been developed on the basis of mercury ion-promoted hydrolysis of a fluorescein-derived aryl vinyl ether.
Design of a practical robust controller for a sampled distributed parameter system (2002)

This work considers the control of sampled distributed parameter systems. These large-scale systems have a specific structure which allows for simplification of robust controller design compared to the general MIMO system case. This paper introduces and analyzes a controller structure which has been developed specifically for these systems. The controller design and analysis is performed in terms of the dynamic frequencies and also the spatial Fourier components of the process response. The controller tuning strategy proposed uses frequency loop shaping ideas which are applied in the spatial variable domain. The controller designed is proven to be robustly stable for a wide range of model uncertainty structures commonly occurring in practical systems.
Development of a handheld device for simultaneous monitoring of fast neutrons and gamma rays (2002)

Currently at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, a handheld device is being developed to measure fast neutrons and gamma rays using a single detector. The handheld detection system presented uses a single 12.7 mm (diameter) by 12.7 mm (length) liquid scintillator detector (BC501). The detection system can be made small and light. A small and light device can be used in several applications such as customs inspection, border security, and environmental radiation monitoring. The use of only one detector requires that the neutrons and gamma rays be distinguished by the shape of their pulses in the detector. Two methods of pulse shape discrimination (PSD) are presented: charge integration and zero crossing. Figures of merit were calculated for both methods for a threshold energy range of 50-600 keVee. Results show that the zero crossing method gives much better PSD for 100 keVee and lower, whereas the charge integration method leads. to better separation above 100 keVee. However, the neutrons and gamma rays are totally separated for energies of 100 keVee and above in both techniques. We are currently designing a miniaturized electronic system to be incorporated into the handheld device.
Multifunctional Carbazole-Based Ionic Liquids (2016)

In this study, a new class of polymerizable ionic liquids were synthesized and modified upon conductive surfaces to enhance the sensitivity and/or selectivity of the electrodes, or to be electrochromic films. At suitable conditions, the poly-ionic liquids were soluble in some organic solvents. Ionic liquids (ILs) have shown the advantages on electroanalysis when they were modified on electrode surface. Electropolymerization might be a good approach for the modification of ILs on conductive surface. Various carbazole-based ILs (Figure 1) were synthesized in this study and they were electropolymerized on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes by cyclic voltammetry in ILs BMP-TFSI, BMIm-PF 6 and etc., as well as in conventional solvents (i.e. acetonitrile, methanol and DMSO)[1]. Electrochemical oxidation of the carbazole pendant units affords a conjugated polymer network (CPN) film of polycarbazole and the polymer is expected to have good conductivity on the conducting surface[2]. The electrode with electropolymerized ILs shows improved activity towards the oxidation of uric acid (UA), compared with that of unmodified electrodes. The polymerized ILs also exhibit electrochromic properties. The ITO electrodes modified with polycarbazole ILs show color change from deep green to pale yellow while the applied potential was scanned from +1.2 V to -0.2 V and vice versa. On the other hand, bipyridinium (viologen) ionic liquids modified with carbazole via an alkyl spacer were synthesized and their electrochromic behavior in liquid state was studied in various ILs or conventional volatile organic solvents. Viologen is a well-known electroactive material with three different redox states: the dication, the radical cation and the neutral compound. The colors of radical cations depend on the groups substituted on the nitrogen atoms of the viologen moiety[3]. By introducing the carbazole groups, colors different from those observed for the traditional viologen compounds were recorded. This behavior is currently studied. [1] D.-X. Zhuang, P.-Y. Chen, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2009, 626: 197–200. [2] Antonio F. Frau, Nicel C. Estillore and Rigoberto C. Advincula,ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2010, 2: 3726–3737. [3] N. Jordao, L. Cabrita, F. Pina and L.C. Branco, Chem.-Eur.J., 2014, 20: 3982–3988. Figure 1
Purification and Characterization of a Protein Inhibitor of Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate-dependent Protein Kinases (1971)

The partial purification and characterization of a factor from skeletal muscle which inhibits the activity of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases from skeletal muscle, heart, liver, adipose tissue, and brain is described. The inhibitor is stable to heating at 96° and to precipitation with 5%, w/v, of trichloracetic acid, but is assumed to be a protein since it is inactivated by proteolytic enzymes. It has a molecular weight of 26,000 by gel exclusion and an S20,w of 1.5 by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. A kinetic analysis of the effect of the inhibitor on the phosphorylation of casein by skeletal muscle protein kinase indicates that it interacts noncompetitively with respect to ATP, the protein substrate, and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. The inhibitor promotes a 5-fold increase in the binding constant of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate to the protein kinase.
Producing carbon nanotubes using the technology of DC thermal plasma torch (2006)

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are long hollow fibers made exclusively of carbon. They are generally synthesized from the dissociation of a carbon source and the co-injection of a metal catalyst. CNT interest the scientific community due to their impressive properties. They possess a high modulus of elasticity, high tensile strain, superconductor and semiconductor behaviours, high thermal conductivity and storage capabilities. These properties have been recently exploited to develop promising applications in the field of advanced materials, electronic components, and storage of gas and materials. However, the implementation process of these products is hindered due to the unavailability of large quantities of CNT and the current high cost of production. Presently, CNT are commercially produced via the arc discharge on graphite electrodes and the laser ablation of graphite. These methods yield limited production rates and represent low scale-up potential. In this work, this problem is solved by developing a new process in which CNT are produced via the dissociation of a liquid carbonaceous raw material in the water-cooled nozzle of a 100 kW DC non-transferred thermal plasma torch. The attractive aspect of this process is its scalability, since the technology of DC thermal plasma torch operating at the megawatt level is readily available.
Monocyte receptors for the Fc portion of IgG studies with monomeric human IgG1: normal <i>in vitro</i> expression of Fc <i>gamma</i> receptors in HLA-B8/Drw3 subjects with defective Fc <i>gamma</i>-mediated <i>in vivo</i> clearance. (1982)

The Fc gamma receptors of reticuloendothelial cells are presumed to play an important role in the clearance of circulating particles opsonized with IgG. In order to quantify these receptors and assess their contribution to the clearance phenomenon in man, Scatchard analysis has been applied to 125I-IgG1 myeloma protein binding by a model mononuclear phagocyte, the peripheral blood monocyte. Close compliance to the criteria for linear Scatchard plots has been obtained. The kinetics of binding at 37 degrees C were consistent with a simple, reversible, bimolecular reaction. A saturable, single class of high-affinity binding sites was discerned with a Ka of 2.61 +/- 0.13 x 10(8) M-1 and a mean of 35,500 +/- 1700 receptors per monocyte. These receptors expressed approximately equal affinities for IgG subclasses 1 and 3, with progressively lower affinities for IgG subclasses 4 and 2, respectively. Parameters of IgG1 binding to monocytes of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and normal individuals of HLA-B8/Drw3 haplotype were not significantly different from controls, despite the previous demonstration of retarded IgG-mediated clearance in one-half of such subjects. Receptor number and affinity failed to correlate with T 1/2 for sensitized erythrocyte clearance in vivo. Functional defects in in vivo clearance, even in the absence of circulating immune complexes, are not necessarily related to abnormal expression of Fc gamma receptors by phagocytes.
A tactile sensor system for a three-fingered robot manipulator (2002)

Tactile sensor systems are an essential prerequisite for the implementation of complex manipulation and exploration tasks using robots. The desire to perform real-time control and pattern recognition with tactile sensors led us to the design of a cost-effective artificial fingertip. At our laboratory two distinct types of sensors are in use: force/position sensors and slippage detectors. We report on first experimental results with a fingertip prototype performing rolling and sliding movements over a flat surface. To facilitate experimentation with tactile sensors, we designed and developed a data acquisition and transportation system that fulfils our demands on bandwidth, flexibility, and cost. This system consists of two hardware components, a configurable multichannel analog signal sampler to acquire sensor data, and an intelligent dual-ported random-access buffer to avoid data transportation bottlenecks.
A Respiration-Modulated Personal Air Sampling Pump (1994)

Abstract A prototype device was developed capable of controlling the operation of a portable personal air sampling pump proportional to the rate of inspiration of the wearer. The device was based on the relationship between thoracic impedance and pulmonary volume. A respiratory signal was detected using an impedance bridge, demodulated, filtered, amplified, and converted into digital form for input into a microcomputer. The signal was processed by a microcomputer, outputted, and then converted to an analog signal used to drive the pump. Operational evaluation of the impedance pneumographic controller showed variation in sensitivity and baseline from subject to subject, but for all subjects the linearity was acceptable.
Extended speech intelligibility index for the prediction of the speech reception threshold in fluctuating noise (2006)

The extension to the speech intelligibility index (SII; ANSI S3.5-1997 (1997)) proposed by Rhebergen and Versfeld [Rhebergen, K.S., and Versfeld, N.J. (2005). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117(4), 2181-2192] is able to predict for normal-hearing listeners the speech intelligibility in both stationary and fluctuating noise maskers with reasonable accuracy. The extended SII model was validated with speech reception threshold (SRT) data from the literature. However, further validation is required and the present paper describes SRT experiments with nonstationary noise conditions that are critical to the extended model. From these data, it can be concluded that the extended SII model is able to predict the SRTs for the majority of conditions, but that predictions are better when the extended SII model includes a function to account for forward masking.
Secure Zero Touch Provisioning (SZTP) (2019)

This draft presents a technique to securely provision a networking
device when it is booting in a factory-default state. Variations in
the solution enables it to be used on both public and private
networks. The provisioning steps are able to update the boot image,
commit an initial configuration, and execute arbitrary scripts to
address auxiliary needs. The updated device is subsequently able to
establish secure connections with other systems. For instance, a
device may establish NETCONF (RFC 6241) and/or RESTCONF (RFC 8040)
connections with deployment-specific network management systems.
Interpolation Method for Update with Out-of-Sequence Measurements: The Augmented Fixed-Lag Smoother (2016)

In this study, the authors propose a novel method to handle OOSMs in Kalman filtering. The proposed method, called the augmented fixed-lag smoother (AFLS), is based on the fixed-lag smoother (FLS) formulation, which has been shown to be optimal [10]. We generate the OOSM node from the two adjacent nodes, plug the generated estimations into the state vector and the covariance matrix, and update the filter with OOSMs using the FLS update equation. This approach gives a generalized solution that can handle any number of OOSMs. We also extend the AFLS algorithm to nonlinear system, called the extended AFLS (EAFLS), and give an application example on a satellite-tracking problem.
Design and use of a joint order vocabulary knowledge representation tier in a multi-tier CPOE architecture. (2006)

Two major barriers to adoption of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems are the initial physician effort to learn the system and ongoing time costs to use the system. These barriers stem from the CPOE system's need to reformulate physician orders into services that can be electronically communicated to ancillary clinical systems such as pharmacy, nursing, lab or radiology as well as to billing systems. Typical CPOE systems use significant custom user interface programming to match the terms used by physicians to order services as well as the aggregation of those orders into order sets with the underlying orderable services. We describe the design and implementation of a commercial CPOE system that has a formal separate intermediate mapping layer to match physician screen vocabulary and ordering behaviors to underlying services, both individually and in groups, supported by powerful search tools.
Sol-Gel Nanocrystalline Catalytic Titania Powders and Functional Coatings (2004)

In the present work Titania bulk powders and coatings were prepared by subjecting titanium isopropoxide solution to a controlled hydrolysis-condensation process. The powders were characterized using techniques such as FTIR for their chemical interactions, TG-DTA for the thermal decomposition features, XRD for the phase assemblage, BET specific surface area analysis for the textural features. The study discusses the preparation methods and the characterization techniques employed and a detailed discussion on the physico-chemical characterization of the prepared systems. The influence of dopants and leaching on the physico-chemical properties as well as their influence on photo activity is also included. The structural/functional coatings of different Titania compositions includes in this study. Coatings on pre-treated glass surfaces with the best compositions prepared showed 90 % transmittance in the visible region.
Modeling the noise influence on the Fourier coefficients after a discrete Fourier transform (1986)

An analysis is made to study the influence of time-domain noise on the results of a discrete Fourier transform (DFT). It is proven that the resulting frequency-domain noise can be modeled using a Gaussian distribution with a covariance matrix which is nearly diagonal, imposing very weak assumptions on the noise in the time domain.
Characterization of the F41 fimbrial antigen of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by using monoclonal antibodies (1989)

We produced monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from 23 different murine hybridoma cell lines against the F41 fimbrial antigen of bovine and porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Cell lines were created by fusing myeloma cells and spleen cells of mice that were immunized with either purified F41 or with Formalin-killed whole cells. The specificity of the MAbs to the F41 antigen was proven by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and radioimmunoprecipitation tests. Epitope analysis with a competition ELISA revealed that the 23 MAbs recognized at least five epitopes. These results were corroborated by those of immunodiffusion tests, in which all possible combinations of two MAbs were tested against ultrasonically disintegrated F41 antigen. In a double-antibody sandwich ELISA, all peroxidase-conjugated MAbs bound to the F41 antigen of all 182 bacterial strains that were tested. Apparently, the epitopes recognized by the MAbs are highly conserved. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the MAbs were directed to fimbrial structures 3 to 4 nm in diameter and that the epitopes were equally distributed along the fimbriae. Consequences for the replacement of polyclonal antisera by MAbs in diagnostic tests are discussed. The results of the radioimmunoprecipitation assay suggested that F41 fimbriae are composed of a single repeating 29,000-dalton protein subunit; however, we could not exclude the possibility of the existence of minor fimbrial components.
Understanding the impact of power loss on flash memory (2011)

Flash memory is quickly becoming a common component in computer systems ranging from music players to mission-critical server systems. As flash plays a more important role, data integrity in flash memories becomes a critical question. This paper examines one aspect of that data integrity by measuring the types of errors that occur when power fails during a flash memory operation. Our findings demonstrate that power failure can lead to several non-intuitive behaviors. We find that increasing the time before power failure does not always reduce error rates and that a power failure during a program operation can corrupt data that a previous, successful program operation wrote to the device. Our data also show that interrupted program operations leave data more susceptible to read disturb and increase the probability that the programmed data will decay over time. Finally, we show that incomplete erase operations make future program operations to the same block unreliable.
Lipid concentration in the embryo–endosperm fraction of seeds of Australian tropical lowland rainforest trees: relevance to defence and dispersal (2002)

The lipid concentration (LC) of the embryo–endosperm fraction was determined for the seeds of 60 species in 22 families from an Australian tropical lowland rainforest. It was negatively related to the mass of the embryo–endosperm across all species, but the relationship was not significant at P < 0.05. LC was significantly and positively correlated with N concentration when all species were considered, but not within the families represented by the most species ( Lauraceae , 13; Sapindaceae , 9; Proteaceae , 6). LC was significantly and markedly higher in more heavily defended seeds (medians: 27 and 6.9%); there is evidence for the view that seeds rich in either lipid or nitrogen are markedly defended. Lipid concentration was also markedly higher, on average, in seeds taken by the scatter-hoarding Uromys caudimaculatus (white-tailed rat) than in seeds of comparable size not taken by Uromys , but not known to be protected by any toxin or irritant (medians: 35 and 3.7%, respectively). However, LC was not notably high in one major group of seeds taken by Uromys – the largest-seeded species of Beilschmiedia and Endiandra ( Lauraceae ). The comparisons mostly involved different phyletic lines, and were not consistently supported by contrasts within phyletic lines.
Biological variation of glucose and insulin includes a deterministic chaotic component (1999)

Serial data of glucose and insulin values of individual patients vary over short periods of time; this phenomenon has been called biological variation. The classic homeostatic control model assumes that the physiological mechanisms maintaining the concentrations of glucose and insulin are linear. The only deviations over a short period of time one should observe are in relation to a glucose load or major hormonal disturbance. Otherwise, the values of these analytes should be constant and any variations seen are due to random disturbances. We investigated previously published serial data (three for glucose and one for insulin) with nonlinear analytical methods, such as embedding space, correlation dimension, Lyapunov exponents, singular value decomposition and phase portraits, as well as linear methods, such as power spectra and autocorrelation functions. The power spectra failed to show dominant frequencies, but the autocorrelation functions showed significant correlation, consistent with a deterministic process. The correlation dimension was finite, around 4.0, the first Lyapunov exponent was positive, indicative of a deterministic chaotic process. Furthermore, the phase portraits showed directional flow. Therefore, the short-term biological variation observed for analytes arises from nonlinear, deterministic chaotic behavior instead of random variation.
Isolation and characterization of a mutant of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that is defective in the uptake of iron from transferrin and haemoglobin and is avirulent in mouse subcutaneous chambers (1991)

Iron-uptake mutants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain 340 were obtained following treatment with streptonigrin, and one such mutant (Fud14) was characterized. N. gonorrhoeae strain Fud14 was unable to grow with human transferrin or haemoglobin as the sole source of iron, but grew normally with heat-inactivated normal human serum or haemin. Internalization of 55Fe from transferrin by strain Fud14 was only 25% of the parent level. Strain Fud14 (less than or equal to 1 x 10(8) c.f.u.) did not grow in subcutaneous chambers implanted in mice, whereas the parent strain was infective at an ID50 of 4.3 x 10(1) c.f.u. Supplementation of chambers with either normal human serum or haemin resulted in the establishment of strain Fud14 in vivo for at least 240 h post-inoculation. Electroporation of Fud14 with wild-type DNA and selection for growth on medium containing human transferrin resulted in a recombinant (Fud15) that was capable of utilizing haemoglobin, and was virulent in mice. These results suggest that a gonococcal strain defective in the ability to utilize in vivo iron sources is not capable of survival in vivo.