gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromium(III) ion and thyroxine cooperate to stabilize the transthyretin tetramer and suppress in vitro amyloid fibril formation (2005)

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloid fibril formation, which is triggered by the dissociation of tetrameric TTR, appears to be the causative factor in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and senile systemic amyloidosis. Binding of thyroxine (T(4)), a native ligand of TTR, stabilizes the tetramer, but the bioavailability of T(4) for TTR binding is limited due to the preferential binding of T(4) to globulin, the major T(4) carrier in plasma. Here, we show that Cr(3+) increased the T(4)-binding capacity of wild-type (WT) and amyloidogenic V30M-TTR. Moreover, we demonstrate that Cr(3+) and T(4) cooperatively suppressed in vitro fibril formation due to the stabilization of WT-TTR and V30M-TTR.
Development of Measuring Equipment for Location and Direction (MELODI) Using Ultrasonic Waves (1983)

In this paper we will introduce the Measuring Equipment for Location and Direction, which uses ultrasonic waves. Its basic charactersitics and the method for calculating the position and the direction will be explained. The direction of three points fixed in the plane should be measured at the same time in order to control the movement of the robot in real time. For this purpose, each point has a speaker that transmits an ultrasonic wave of a different frequency. The measuring equipment is provided with three sensors that can receive the corresponding ultrasonic wave and follow the corresponding point independently. From the experiment, where the three points are set in the vertexes of the regular triangle with a 400 cm side, the positional error is less than 5 cm.
Introduction of exogenous DNA into somatic and germ cells of chickens by microinjection into the germinal disc of fertilized ova (1994)

The plasmid DNA, pAcZ, containing Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ) gene under the control of chicken beta-actin gene promoter was injected in a linearized form into the germinal disc of fertilized chick ova at the single-cell stage. The manipulated embryos were cultured by the method of Naito et al. (1990) until hatching. The rate of hatching was 11.8% (31/263), and 19 males and 6 females were matured. DNA from blood and semen samples of the 25 matured chickens was analyzed for the presence of the injected DNA by Southern blot hybridization. The injected DNA was detected in the blood DNA of one male and in the sperm DNA of another male up to 13 months after hatching, indicating that the injected DNA was stably maintained in these chickens. Restriction digestion analysis of the injected DNA suggested that it was not rearranged and was organized as head-to-tail multimers. The copy numbers of the DNA were 0.07-0.02 in the blood DNA of one male per diploid genome, and 0.02-0.015 in the sperm DNA of another male, indicating that the exogenous DNA was present in limited populations of blood and sperm cells.
A High‐Voltage and High‐Capacity Li<sub>1+<i>x</i></sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Cathode Material: From Synthesis to Full Lithium‐Ion Cells (2016)

We report Co-free, Li-rich Li1+x Ni0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (0<x<1) compounds as high-voltage and high-capacity cathode materials for Li-ion cells. Their tailored morphology allows high density and facile processability for electrode development. In the potential range 2.4-4.9 V, the cathode material of composition Li1.5 Ni0.5 Mn1.5 O4 shows excellent performance in terms of capacity and cycling stability in half-cells. In addition, for the first time, we demonstrate the application of the high-voltage and high-capacity cathode in full Li-ion cells with graphite anodes with very high cycling stability. The electrochemical performance and low cost of the cathode material, together with the feasibility of a chemical method to obtain Li-rich Li1+x Ni0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (0<x<1), make practical applications of high-energy density Li-ion batteries possible.
Ballistic Impact Resistance of SMA and Spectra Hybrid Graphite Composites (1998)

The effect of adding small amounts of high strain hybrid components on the impact resistance of graphite epoxy composites subjected to projectiles traveling at ballistic velocities (greater than 900 ft/sec) has been studied. The hybrid components tested include superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) and a high performance extended chain polyethylene (ECPE) known as Spectra m . In all cases, the embedded SMA fibers were pulled through the graphite without straining to their full potential. It is believed that this is due to high strain rate effects coupled with a strain mismatch between the tough SMA and the brittle epoxy resin. However, a significant increase in energy absorption was found by adding ECPE and ECPE/SMA layers to the backface of the composite.
Mobility Management for Femtocells in LTE-Advanced: Key Aspects and Survey of Handover Decision Algorithms (2013)

Support of femtocells is an integral part of the Long Term Evolution - Advanced (LTE-A) system and a key enabler for its wide adoption in a broad scale. Femtocells are short-range, low-power and low-cost cellular stations which are installed by the consumers in an unplanned manner. Even though current literature includes various studies towards understanding the main challenges of interference management in the presence of femtocells, little light has been shed on the open issues of mobility management (MM) in the two-tier macrocell-femtocell network. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the key aspects and research challenges of MM support in the presence of femtocells, with the emphasis given on the phases of a) cell identification, b) access control, c) cell search, d) cell selection/reselection, e) handover (HO) decision, and f) HO execution. A detailed overview of the respective MM procedures in the LTE-A system is also provided to better comprehend the solutions and open issues posed in real-life systems. Based on the discussion for the HO decision phase, we subsequently survey and classify existing HO decision algorithms for the two-tier macrocell-femtocell network, depending on the primary HO decision criterion used. For each class, we overview up to three representative algorithms and provide detailed flowcharts to describe their fundamental operation. A comparative summary of the main decision parameters and key features of selected HO decision algorithms concludes this work, providing insights for future algorithmic design and standardization activities.
Pharmacological inhibition and silencing of classical IKK-NF-κB pathway by siRNA sensitizes cancer cells to doxorubicin (2006)

2059 Background: The IKK/NF-κB pathway (IKK1, IKK2 and NEMO; p65, p50, p52, c-Rel, RelB) is involved in chemoresistance. NF-κB is activable by either a classical or an alternative Ipathway. Here we studied whether NF-κB inhibitors sensitized cells to doxorubicin (dox), and assessed the role of individual IKK or NF-κB subunits by RNA interference [ small interfering RNA (siRNA)] on doxorubicin sensitization. Methods: We used BT474 and MDA-MB453 cells (breast) and HeLa cells (cervix). NF-κB inhibitors were bortezomib (Velcade, a proteasome inhibitor, which inhibits NF-κB by promoting accumulation of the inhibitory Iκ B-α) and a NEMO-Binding-Peptide (NBP, which prevents IKK proteins from complexing). NF-κB DNA binding activity was measured by EMSA. Western blot was used to assess nuclear translocation of individual NF-κB subunits (Iκ B-α, p65, c-Rel, RelB, p50 and p52). BT474 and MDA-MB453 cells were cultured with dox with/without NF-κB inhibitors and viability was assayed by MTT. siRNA was used to transiently down-regulate subunits that act preferentially on the classical NF-κ B (p65, p52, c-Rel, or NEMO) or on the alternative pathway (RelB) in HeLa cells. Chemosensitivity of transfected and control cells to dox was measured by MTT. Results: Dox increased NF-κB activity in BT474 and HeLa cells, as assayed by EMSA and/or by showing Iκ B-α degradation and phosphorylation of p65. Pretreatment of BT474 cells with bortezomib followed by dox resulted in a 30% reduction in cell viability compared to dox alone. Moreover, a 40% higher dox sensitivity was observed when cells were pretreated with a NEMO-Binding-Peptide. Similar data were obtained in MDA-MB453 cells. Transient down-regulation of key members of the classical IKK- NF-κB pathway (p65, p52, c-Rel and NEMO) by siRNA in HeLa cells lead to a 30% increase in dox cytotoxicity. In contrast, silencing of RelB, a key subunit of the alternative pathway, had no effect on dox cytotoxicity under our assay conditions. Conclusions: NF-κB inhibition sensitized cells to dox, implying directly p65, p52, c-Rel and NEMO subunits in chemoresistance, but not RelB. These findings suggest that selective inhibition of the classical IKK-NF-κB pathway is sufficient to improve dox antitumor effects. [Table: see text]
Air-Ground Communications: History and Expectations (1973)

The development of civil and related military air-ground communications in the United States is traced from its beginning in the late 1920's to the present time. The alternative methods of information exchange between the ground and aircraft, radar beacon transponders, and digital communications are reviewed from their conceptual identification to their current state of development. An estimate is made of the probability of implementation of the discrete address beacon system (DABS) and the RTCA endorsed universal data link.
Enhanced Survival During Murine Gram-negative Bacterial Sepsis by Use of a Murine Monoclonal Antibody (1985)

We developed a murine monoclonal antibody (5B10 MAb) that reacted in vitro specifically to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) obtained from Escherichia coli 0111:B4. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers to a variety of gram-negative bacterial whole cell and LPS antigens demonstrated that this antibody may react with the O antigen portion of 0111:B4 LPS. We then examined the ability of this antibody to protect mice in vivo against a challenge of either viable bacteria or purified LPS. One milligram of 5B10 MAb was administered intraperitoneally (IP) and protected against a lethal challenge of either viable E coli 0111:B4 or 0111:B4 LPS, but no other type of bacterial or LPS challenge. Protection occurred in an antibody dose-dependent manner, and as little as 0.01 mg of 5B10 MAb enhanced survival. We concluded that IP pretreatment with a single MAb would protect against lethal sepsis or endotoxemia in this animal model and that anti-LPS specificity was a sufficient condition for an antibody to protect during bacteremia, confirming the importance of LPS in the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacterial sepsis.
A Novel Distribution of Visual Field Test Points to Improve the Correlation between Structure–Function Measurements (2012)

The SFF, with fewer test locations, has a stronger structure-function correlation than the 24-2 VF. This improved correlation may help clinicians to better interpret functional measurements in relation to structural measurements.
Use of TaqMan 5′ Nuclease Real-Time PCR for Quantitative Detection of <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> DNA in Males with and without Urethritis Who Were Attendees at a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic (2004)

Mycoplasma genitalium is a cause of nongonococcal urethritis, particularly in patients not infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. A quantitative 5' nuclease assay (TaqMan PCR) was developed and validated. The assay detected a fragment of the MgPa adhesin gene by use of a TaqMan MGB (minor groove binder) probe and included an internal processing control to detect PCR inhibition. Urethral swab specimens and first-void urine samples from M. genitalium-positive men were examined, and the M. genitalium DNA load was correlated to symptoms and signs. The assay consistently detected <5 genome copies without cross-reactions with other mycoplasmas. Urine and urethral swab specimens from men with urethritis had higher M. genitalium DNA loads than specimens from men without urethritis. However, a very broad overlap of DNA loads between patients with and without urethritis was observed. Urethral swab specimens from patients with urethral discharge had a significantly higher DNA load than specimens from patients without discharge. This correlation was not found in first-void urine specimens.
A novel 0.79 μm/sup 2/ SRAM cell by KrF lithography and high performance 90 nm CMOS technology for ultra high speed SRAM (2003)

The smallest SRAM cell, 0.79 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, was realized by a revolutionary cell layout, fine tuned OPC technique to overcome the 248 nm KrF lithography limitation, instead of using 193 nm ArF lithography. Sub-100 nm CMOS technology was indispensable to achieve the cell size as well as the performance. The high performance transistors were made with 80 nm gate length including 15 /spl Aring/ nitrided gate oxide layer, indium channel and halo implantation processes. The novel cell exhibits excellent neutron SER immunity, compared with ones of the SRAM cell by previous generation technologies.
Photoresponsive polymers. 7. Reversible solubility change of polystyrene having pendant spirobenzopyran groups and its application to photoresists (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoresponsive polymers. 7. Reversible solubility change of polystyrene having pendant spirobenzopyran groups and its application to photoresistsMasahiro Irie, Takao Iwayanagi, and Yoshio TaniguchiCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 12, 2418–2422Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00154a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00154a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views448Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design, Syntheses and Pharmacology of ATP Analogues Selective for Subtypes of P<sub>2</sub>-Purinoceptors (1991)

Abstract A series of analogues of adenine nucleotides have been synthesized and tested for Pharmacological potency and resistance to dephosphorylation at a variety of isolated tissue preparations where ATP is active. Structure-activity studies defined four subtypeso f purinoceptors, and enabled the design of specific agonists for P2x and for P2y purinoceptors to be undertaken. L-Adenosine 5′-β, γ-methylenetriphosphonate (L-AMP-PCP) is a specific P2x purinoceptor agonist, and adenosine 5′-β-fluorodiphosphate (ADP-β-F) is a specific P2y agonist.
의식없는 음주운전자로부터 채혈한 혈액 감정서의 증거능력 - 대법원 2012. 11. 15. 선고 2011도15258 판결 - (2014)

본 판례는 형사소송법 제216조 제3항의 범죄장소에서의 긴급 압수수색 규정에 따라 일정한 요건하에서 사전영장없는 긴급강제채혈을 허용한데 의의가 있다. 그런데 본 판례의 기준에 대해서도 사회통념상 범행 직후라고 볼 수 있는 시간 범위가 어느 정도인지, 범죄장소에 준하는 것으로 평가할 수 있는 장소가 병원 응급실 이외에도 인정될 수 있는지 등 ‘시간적·장소적...
Treatment of Depression in General Practice (1973)

With the co-operation of the family doctors in five selected urban general practices the general-practitioner treatment of 73 patients suffering from a new episode of depressive illness was evaluated over a period of four months. The purpose was to test the belief that general practitioners are best fitted to manage most psychological ailments, and depression was chosen as the psychiatric illness most commonly seen in general practice. Medication was the principal treatment offered, and this was often inadequate in dosage or the patient defaulted. Drug defaulting was thought to be due partly to failure of supervision and follow-up and to too low a consultation rate. The low consultation rate was also thought to explain why few patients thought there was a therapeutic value in the doctor-patient relationship. The results of the study indicate that patients with depressive illness do not receive the best treatment in general practice. The reasons are several and responsibility must be shared by the medical practitioners, the current system of the general practice, and the patients themselves.
Facile intramolecular metalation of tri-tert-butylphosphine in palladium(II) hydride complexes (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile intramolecular metalation of tri-tert-butylphosphine in palladium(II) hydride complexesH. C. Clark, A. B. Goel, and S. GoelCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 10, 2803–2808Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50200a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50200a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views412Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The inflammasome: an integrated view (2011)

An inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that serves as a platform for caspase-1 activation and caspase-1-dependent proteolytic maturation and secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Though a number of inflammasomes have been described, the NLRP3 inflammasome is the most extensively studied but also the most elusive. It is unique in that it responds to numerous physically and chemically diverse stimuli. The potent proinflammatory and pyrogenic activities of IL-1β necessitate that inflammasome activity is tightly controlled. To this end, a priming step is first required to induce the expression of both NLRP3 and proIL-1β. This event renders the cell competent for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion, and it is highly regulated by negative feedback loops. Despite the wide array of NLRP3 activators, the actual triggering of NLRP3 is controlled by integration a comparatively small number of signals that are common to nearly all activators. Minimally, these include potassium efflux, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and, for certain activators, lysosomal destabilization. Further investigation of how these and potentially other as yet uncharacterized signals are integrated by the NLRP3 inflammasome and the relevance of these biochemical events in vivo should provide new insight into the mechanisms of host defense and autoinflammatory conditions.
Dietary restriction normalizes glucose metabolism and BDNF levels, slows disease progression, and increases survival in huntingtin mutant mice (2003)

In addition to neurological deficits, Huntington's disease (HD) patients and transgenic mice expressing mutant human huntingtin exhibit reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, hyperglycemia, and tissue wasting. We show that the progression of neuropathological (formation of huntingtin inclusions and apoptotic protease activation), behavioral (motor dysfunction), and metabolic (glucose intolerance and tissue wasting) abnormalities in huntingtin mutant mice, an animal model of HD, are retarded when the mice are maintained on a dietary restriction (DR) feeding regimen resulting in an extension of their life span. DR increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the protein chaperone heat-shock protein-70 in the striatum and cortex, which are depleted in HD mice fed a normal diet. The suppression of the pathogenic processes by DR in HD mice suggests that mutant huntingtin promotes neuronal degeneration by impairing cellular stress resistance, and that the body wasting in HD is driven by the neurodegenerative process. Our findings suggest a dietary intervention that may suppress the disease process and increase the life span of humans that carry the mutant huntingtin gene.
Strength of the Cement-Bone Interface (1982)

The fixation of total joint components to bone using acrylic bone cement is by the penetration of the cement into the microstructure of cancellous bone to achieve a mechanical interlock. It has been shown that the method of cement application and the preparation of the cancellous surface significantly affects both the tensile and shear strengths of the cement-bone interface. Doughy cement finger-packed on an uncleaned surface resulted in a very low interface strength compared to a low-viscosity cement made to penetrate a cleaned bone surface. Maximum strengths were achieved for cancellous bone cleaned by using either a high-intensity water lavage or a polyethylene brush and by facilitating penetration of the cement for distances of 5 to 10 mm into the bone.
Potential of Multi-Angular Data Derived From a Digital Aerial Frame Camera for Forest Classification (2012)

The benefits of multi-angular observations for mapping vegetation and their structural and biochemical characteristics are widely recognised. This paper examines the potential of a digital aerial frame camera flown on a standard aerial survey for deriving information on the bidirectional reflectance characteristics of forest and how this information can be used in forest classification. The Rahman-Pinty-Verstraete (RPV) model was fitted to sampled angular observations. For each sample plot at least 10 angular observations were available. The RPV model concentrates the information in a few meaningful parameters and minimizes sensor noise and other perturbing factors. Relying on the fitted model parameters, it is demonstrated that the multi-angular data permits a better discrimination of five forest types as compared to the sole use of spectral information. Compared to the spectral model, the overall classification accuracy (Kappa) increased from 0.702 (0.622) to 0.872 (0.837), when multi-angular data was used. For a reliable approximation of the underlying Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) a `balanced' observation geometry is mandatory. In particular, available measurements should cover the backward and forward scattering directions well. Otherwise, the RPV model fits the angular observations well, but the retrieved parameters do not represent the `true' BRDF of the observed target. Under such `unbalanced' conditions a drastic reduction in classification accuracy was observed.