gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological characterization of non‐NMDA subtypes of glutamate receptor in the neonatal rat hemisected spinal cord <i>in vitro</i> (1992)

1. A grease-gap technique was used to record depolarizing responses to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA), kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in the hemisected spinal cord of the neonatal rat. The pharmacology of non-NMDA subtypes of glutamate receptor was investigated with the novel quinoxalinedione, 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulphamoyl-benzo (F)-quinoxaline (NBQX) and with a series of barbiturates. 2. NBQX antagonized AMPA- and kainate-, but not NMDA- induced depolarizations. The near parallel shifts of the major part of the dose-response curves for AMPA and kainate by NBQX gave pA2 values (+/- s.e.) of 6.7 +/- 0.2 and 6.8 +/- 0.2 respectively, consistent with a common site of action for these two agonists. 3. Below the 50% level at which these pA2 values were calculated, however, an NBQX-resistant plateau was seen within the kainate, but not the AMPA, dose-response curve. 4. In decreasing order of potency, methohexitone, secobarbitone, thiopentone, pentobarbitone and phenobarbitone preferentially reduced kainate-, rather than AMPA- and NMDA-, induced depolarizations. Methohexitone was also the most selective with IC50S against kainate, AMPA and NMDA of 31 +/- 7, 172 +/- 47 and greater than 200 microM respectively. 5. The NBQX-resistant plateau seen within the kainate dose-response curve was reduced by methohexitone. Kainate antagonism by methohexitone was not reduced by 50 microM picrotoxin. 6. We conclude that, while mixed agonist actions may hamper demonstration of antagonist selectivity, depolarizations induced by the non-NMDA ionotropic agonists, AMPA and kainate, are mediated in part via distinct receptors.
Effects of Common Cancer Mutations on Stability and DNA Binding of Full-length p53 Compared with Isolated Core Domains (2006)

Common cancer mutations of p53 tend either to lower the stability or distort the core domain of the protein or weaken its DNA binding affinity. We have previously analyzed in vitro the effects of mutations on the core domain of p53. Here, we extend those measurements to full-length p53, using either the wild-type protein or a biologically active superstable construct that is more amenable to accurate biophysical measurements to assess the possibilities of rescuing different types of mutations by anticancer drugs. The tetrameric full-length proteins had similar apparent melting temperatures to those of the individual domains, and the structural mutations lowered the melting temperature by similar amounts. The thermodynamic stability of tetrameric p53 is thus dictated by its core domain. We determined that the common contact mutation R273H weakened binding to the gadd45 recognition sequence by approximately 700-1000 times. Many mutants that have lowered melting temperatures should be good drug targets, although the common R273H mutant binds response elements too weakly for simple rescue.
Establishing a session database for SDN using 802.1X and multiple authentication resources (2017)

Network control systems based on identities allow fine-grained access control for users. They require a network-wide session database containing information about active authenticated and authorized users. We propose an authentication and authorization (AA) module (AAM) as a controller application for software-defined networking to establish a network-wide session database and provide a prototypical implementation with OpenFlow. End systems issue authentication requests and the switch redirects them to the AAM. The AAM either relays them to a RADIUS server as in legacy 802.1X (pass-through mode) or processes them based on directly attached AA resources (authentication server mode). After successful authentication, the AAM authorizes the requesting user and maintains a network-wide session database of authenticated and authorized identities. As the AAM interfaces to end systems and AA resources through existing protocols, i.e., EAP and RADIUS, its use is compatible with current infrastructures. Through implementation as distributed network functions, the AAM can be scaled so that high rates of authentication requests can be supported.
Fluid mixing in droplet‐based microfluidics with T junction and convergent–divergent sinusoidal microchannels (2017)

To explore and utilize the advantages of droplet-based microfluidics, hydrodynamics, and mixing process within droplets traveling though the T junction channel and convergent-divergent sinusoidal microchannels are studied by numerical simulations and experiments, respectively. In the T junction channel, the mixing efficiency is significantly influenced by the twirling effect, which controls the initial distributions of the mixture during the droplet formation stage. Therefore, the internal recirculating flow can create a convection mechanism, thus improving mixing. The twirling effect is noticeably influenced by the velocity of the continuous phase; in the sinusoidal channel, the Dean vortices and droplet deformation are induced by centrifugal force and alternative velocity gradient, thus enhancing the mixing efficiency. The best mixing occurred when the droplet size is comparable with the channel width. Finally, we propose a unique optimized structure, which includes a T junction inlet joined to a sinusoidal channel. In this structure, the mixing of fluids in the droplets follows two routes: One is the twirling effect and symmetric recirculation flow in the straight channel. The other is the asymmetric recirculation and droplet deformation in the winding and variable cross-section. Among the three structures, the optimized structure has the best mixing efficiency at the shortest mixing time (0.25 ms). The combination of the twirling effect, variable cross-section effect, and Dean vortices greatly intensifies the chaotic flow. This study provides the insight of the mixing process and may benefit the design and operations of droplet-based microfluidics.
Hercules: A Power Analyzer for MOS VLSI Circuits (1987)

Abstract : We present new accurate slope based models for efficient computation of both the switching and direct currents in nMOS and CMOS. These models, along with the depth-first search of stages, are incorporated into a power analysis CAD tool Hercules. In addition to the current levels in a circuit, Hercules reports the worst case voltage drops from the power pin to the device drain/ source validating the power bus design. The metal segments in the power/ground bus having potential electromigration problem are flagged. All the cascaded drivers whose size ratio deviates significantly from the ideal ratio based on the power consumption are also detected.
Conceptual design and analysis of ITM oxy-combustion power cycles (2011)

Ion transport membrane (ITM)-based oxy-combustion systems could potentially provide zero-emissions power generation with a significantly reduced thermodynamic penalty compared to conventional carbon capture applications. This article investigates ITM-based oxy-combustion power cycles using an intermediate-fidelity model that captures the complex physical coupling between the two systems and accurately accounts for operational constraints. Coupled ITM-cycle simulation reveals hidden design challenges, facilitates the development of novel cycle concepts, and enables accurate assessment of new and existing power cycles. Simulations of various ITM-based zero and partial-emissions power cycles are performed using an intermediate-fidelity ITM model coupled to power cycle models created in ASPEN Plus®. The objectives herein are to analyze the prevalent ITM-based power cycle designs, develop novel design modifications, and evaluate the implementation of reactive ITMs. An assessment of the potential for these ITM power cycles to reduce both the thermodynamic penalty and reactor size associated with ITM air separation technology is conducted. The power cycle simulation and analysis demonstrate the various challenges associated with implementing reactive ITMs; hybridization (the use of both reactive and separation-only ITMs) is necessary in order to effectively utilize the advantages of reactive ITMs. The novel hybrid cycle developed herein displays the potential to reduce the size of the ITM compared to the best separation-only concept while maintaining a comparable First Law efficiency. Next, the merit of implementing partial-emissions cycles is explored based on a proposed linear-combination metric. The results indicate that the tradeoff between the main thermodynamic performance metrics efficiency and CO(2) emissions does not appear to justify the use of partial-emissions cycles.
Weight Loss Therapy Improves Pancreatic Endocrine Function in Obese Older Adults (2008)

Weight loss therapy concomitantly improves beta-cell function, lowers plasma glucagon concentrations, and improves insulin action in obese older adults. These metabolic effects are likely to reduce the risk of developing T2D in this population.
Legal and Ethical Issues in Clinical Testing (1991)

Before a pharmaceutical intended for treating people can be put on the market in the UK, it must secure a marketing authorisation (known in the UK as ‘product licence’) from the licensing authority (the Minister of Health) under the Medicines Act 1968. The regulatory framework in which such product licences are granted is discussed in the next chapter. However, an essential prerequisite to obtaining such regulatory approval is the review of the results of clinical test data supplied by the manufacturer. This testing usually involves both healthy human volunteers and patients who suffer from the illness the product is designed to treat. It is implicit in this that such volunteers and patients will be treated with products which are unproven, and which may be either positively dangerous or (and just as dangerous for a patient) ineffective for their intended purpose. This chapter discusses some of the ethical and legal aspects of this situation.
Chain‐end modification of living anionic polybutadiene with diphenylethylenes and styrenes (2005)

Abstract The first step in the transformation of poly(butadienyl)lithium into a macromolecular atom transfer radical polymerization initiator or reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer agent is the modification of the anionic chain end into a suitable leaving/reinitiating group. We have investigated three different modification reactions to obtain a styrenic end group at the chain end of poly(butadienyl)lithium. In all cases, we have looked at the influence of a Lewis base on the progress of the reaction. The first modification reaction with α‐methylstyrene leads to partial functionalization and oligomerization. The second reaction with 1,2‐diphenylethylenes, particularly trans ‐stilbene, results in monoaddition to the poly(butadienyl)lithium chain ends. Quantitative functionalization is not obtained, possibly because of a hydrogen abstraction reaction, which causes termination. In the third modification reaction, a small polystyrene block is successfully added to the chain ends, as shown by a detailed matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis of the block copolymers. Nearly quantitative block copolymer formation is achieved, with an average styrene block size of four monomer units and a polydispersity index of 1.19 for the polystyrene block. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2536–2545, 2005
Decoder Initializing Technique for Improving Frame-Erasure Resilience of a CELP Speech Codec (2008)

The authors present and evaluate a technique for synchronizing the internal states of a code-excited-linear-prediction (CELP) encoder and decoder after the occurrence of frame erasure. The designed technique, called ldquoduplicated transmission (DT),rdquo uses some redundant information for realizing synchronization. The encoder performs encoding processes twice and sends two codes for each frame. One code is encoded by an encoder that is initialized. The code is used in cases where the previous frame is erased. An onset detector is combined with the DT technique to select the frames to which the DT should be applied. Subjective test results suggest that, by introducing DT selectively, the number of DT frames is reducible by about 80% without degrading the subjective quality. Results demonstrate that synchronization of the internal states is effective in cases of erasure of onset. The DT technique requires no additional algorithmic delay. For that reason, it would a better choice for particular applications for which the delay has a significant impact.
Ultrafast dynamics in InAs/GaAs quantum dot amplifiers (2003)

Summary form only given. Semiconductor lasers with an active medium containing zero-dimensional structures are expected to show superior performance, like high material gain and low threshold current. In this work we have measured the transmission properties and the carrier dynamics of InAs/GaAs QD amplifiers at room temperature. The samples consist of 3 stacked layers of InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots.
Reynolds (1898)

Reynolds Get access Algernon Graves Algernon Graves Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s9-I, Issue 1, 1 January 1898, Page 13, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-I.1.13c Published: 01 January 1898
High repetition rate optical pulse generation byfrequency multiplication in actively modelocked fibre ring lasers (1996)

The authors report on the generation of optical pulses at repetition rate integer multiples of the RF drive frequency from a harmonically driven actively modelocked fibre ring laser. Optical pulses at repetition rates 21 GHz and 14 GHz are generated solely by controlling the RF drive frequency to the modulator.
Dielectric loss peak due to platinum electrode porosity in lead zirconate titanate thin-film capacitors (2002)

Impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out in situ on lead zirconate titanate capacitors 1.2×1.2 μm2 in size on a Samsung 4 Mbit 6 in, wafer. We show here that large dielectric loss appears at low frequencies, which is a constriction effect due to the porosity of the platinum electrode. Porous platinum electrodes facilitate an oxygen electrode reaction. The effect may be removed by annealing the platinum electrode at moderate temperature (300 °C). Such an anneal should thus be considered an essential step in the fabrication of a ferroelectric thin-film capacitor on Pt.
On Fractional Derivatives and Primitives of Periodic Functions (2014)

We prove that the fractional derivative or the fractional primitive of a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-periodic function cannot be a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>~</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math>-periodic function, for any period<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>~</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math>, with the exception of the zero function.
The chicken immunoglobulin λ light chain gene is transcriptionally controlled by a modularly organized enhancer and an octamer-dependent silencer (1995)

Characterization of the regulatory elements involved in V(D)J recombination is crucial for understanding development of the B and T cell immune repertoire. Previously we have shown that the chicken immunoglobulin lambda light chain gene (CLLCG) undergoes lymphoid-specific rearrangement in transgenic mice. The whole gene is only 10 kb in length and contains all phylogenetically conserved target sites for recombinational and transcriptional regulation. In this study we have localized an enhancer element in a region 4 kb downstream of the constant (C) region. The 467 bp element can be subdivided into three subfragments. The previously detected silencer element on the V-J intervening sequence is shown to be localized on a 500 bp fragment. Partial silencer activity is retained on a 250 bp fragment, which includes an octamer motif. By mutational analysis this octamer is shown to be essential for B cell- but not for T cell-specific silencer function. The silencer represses transcription directed by heterologous elements like the SV 40 promoter or the Ig kappa 3' enhancer. We propose that transcription of the unrearranged and rearranged Ig genes is regulated by complex interactions between different modules from the promoter, enhancer and silencer, which is eliminated by recombination during B cell development.
Receptors for IgG: subclass specificity of receptors on different mouse cell types and the definition of two distinct receptors on a macrophage cell line. (1977)

To evaluate subclass specificity and aggregate size requirements of IgG receptors on mouse cells, we measured binding of radiolabeled monomeric and BDB-aggregated mouse myeloma proteins fractionated into various sizes by means of gel filtration. Monomers, tetramers, and high molecular weight (approximately 10(7) daltons) aggregates were used. The various cells and cell lines studied could be segregated into three patterns of reactivity: (a) Macrophage and macrophage-like cell lines bound monomer IgG2a preferentially; high molecular weight IgG aggregates bound as follows: IgG1 = IgG2b = IgG2a. (b) Lymphoid lines D2N and S49 showed no capacity to bind monomer IgG2a; high molecular weight aggregates bound as follows: IgG1 = IgG2b less than IgG2a. (c) Other Thy-1-positive lymphoid cell lines (EL4 and L5178) and normal T and B cells showed no capacity to bind monomer IgG; high molecular weight IgG aggregates bound to a lesser extent than to cells of the first two categories in the following manner: IgG1 less than IgG2b greater than or equal to IgG2a. The variable pattern of reactivity of the macrophage-like cell lines with monomer and aggregated IgG suggested that two distinct receptors for IgG were present: one capable of binding IgG2a and another capable of binding all aggregates. Further evidence for this hypothesis was obtained by analysis of the inhibitory capacity of different IgG subclasses on the binding of aggregated IgG and monomer IgG2a to P388 cells. Inhibition of monomer IgG2a binding was effected only by monomer or aggregated IgG2a, whereas inhibition of binding of aggregated IgG1 or IgG2b was noted with aggregates of all three subclasses with some preferential inhibition by monomer IgG2b being observed. Furthermore, monomer IgG2b binding was preferentially inhibitable by monomer IgG2b. It is postulated from these data that two receptor sites are present on this macrophage-like cell line, one reactive with aggregates of all three subclasses as well as monomer IgG2b, and another receptor specific for monomer IgG2a which also binds aggregated IgG2a. Support of this concept was obtained by trypsinization experiments in which the binding of monomer IgG2a was markedly decreased by trypsin treatment of cells, whereas the binding of aggregated IgG2b was unaffected by this treatment.
Human activities of daily living recognition using fuzzy logic for elderly home monitoring (2009)

Learning and recognizing human activities of daily living(ADL), is very useful and essential to build a pervasive home monitoring system. These monitoring technologies are indispensable for developing the next generation of smart houses. In this paper we describe a fuzzy logic system for recognizing activities in home environment using a set of sensors: physiological sensors (cardiac frequency, activity or agitation, posture and fall detection sensor), microphones, infrared sensors, debit sensors and state-change sensors. Motivated by the fact that fuzzy controllers have been successfully embedded within billions of dollars in commercial products, plus the characteristic of data providing from each sensor, the fusion of the different sensors has been performed by using fuzzy logic. This fuzzy logic approach allowed us to recognize several activities of daily living (ADLs) for ubiquitous healthcare.
Subsalt imaging using prestack depth migration of converted waves: Mahogany Field, Gulf of Mexico (1998)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998Subsalt imaging using prestack depth migration of converted waves: Mahogany Field, Gulf of MexicoAuthors: Robert R. KendallSam H. GrayGary E. MurphyRobert R. KendallAmoco Production Company, Sam H. GrayAmoco Production Company, and Gary E. MurphyAmoco Production Companyhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820355 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820355FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited bySeismic anisotropy in deforming halite: evidence from the Mahogany salt body28 August 2020 | Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 223, No. 3Analysis of converted‐wave extended images for migration velocity analysisJia Yan and Paul Sava21 October 20102D PP/PS-stereotomography: Application to a real 2D-OBC datasetGeophysical Prospecting, Vol. 56, No. 2Converted‐wave seismic exploration: ApplicationsRobert R. Stewart, James E. Gaiser, R. James Brown, and Don C. Lawton27 February 2003 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 68, No. 1Converted‐wave seismic exploration: MethodsRobert R. Stewart, James E. Gaiser, R. James Brown, and Don C. Lawton17 September 2002 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 67, No. 5Depth Imaging Sub-salt Structures: A Case Study in the Midyan Peninsula (Red Sea)GeoArabia, Vol. 4, No. 4 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1998 Pages: 2092 publication data© 1998 Copyright © 1998 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 06 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Robert R. Kendall, Sam H. Gray, and Gary E. Murphy, (1998), "Subsalt imaging using prestack depth migration of converted waves: Mahogany Field, Gulf of Mexico," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 2052-2055. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820355 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Induction Motor Drives (2014)

Abstract The induction motor ( IM ) drive consists of an IM and a power inverter. The IM converts electrical energy into mechanical energy so as to propel the electric vehicle ( EV ), whereas the power inverter converts the energy from the battery to the motor with advanced control methodologies so as to achieve the desired torque and speed needed for the vehicle. IM drives are the most mature technology among various commutatorless motor drives for EV applications. IM drives offer the advantages of robust structure, low cost, high reliability, and being free from maintenance as compared with the other types of electric motor drives. These advantages are particularly important for electric propulsion in EV applications. This chapter comprehensively discusses the structure, operating principle, torque, and power characteristics of the IM , with the focus on the squirrel‐cage IM . The topologies of five major power inverters, namely voltage source inverters, multilevel power inverters, soft‐switching power inverters, current source inverters, and Z‐source inverters, and three key control strategies, namely variable‐voltage variable‐frequency control, field oriented control FOC , and direct torque control, are also discussed to elaborate the technological evolutions and working mechanisms of the IM drives.
Korean red ginseng effective for treatment of erectile dysfunction. (2003)

Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) is a safe, widely available alternative remedy that improves patients' ability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for intercourse, even in a population with severe erectile dysfunction. It is a reasonable, nonprescription treatment, especially for men with reservations about taking sildenafil (Viagra). A 500-mg capsule of Korean red ginseng costs about 6 cents, compared with $10 for a tablet of sildenafil.