gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co-existence of two different types of soluble histone complexes in nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes. (1985)

The nuclear pool of soluble histones in Xenopus laevis oocytes is organized into two major types of acidic histone complexes separable by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. One type of complex sediments at 5 S (Mr approximately 120,000), is isoelectric at pH 4.6, and contains histones H3 and/or H4 tightly bound to one polypeptide of a pair of very acidic polypeptides, designated N1 and N2 (Kleinschmidt, J. A., and Franke, W. W. (1982) Cell 29, 799-809). This complex can be selectively immunoprecipitated by guinea pig antibodies against purified protein N1/N2. In contrast, a larger complex of 7 S contains four histones and nucleoplasmin (the purified protein exists as a pentamer of a polypeptide of Mr approximately 30,000), is isoelectric over the pH range of 5-7, and can be immunoprecipitated by nucleoplasmin antibodies. Its relative molecular weight of 130,000-170,000, as determined by gel filtration, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cross-linked complexes, excludes the association of a histone octamer with nucleoplasmin. In addition to histones H2A and H2B, two histones (designated H3 and H4) which are similar in their electrophoretic mobilities to histones H3 and H4 but have lower isoelectric pH values are enriched in immuno-precipitates obtained with nucleoplasmin antibodies. Cross-linking of complexes present in intact nuclei, using 1% formaldehyde at near-physiological ionic strength and pH, indicates the coexistence of these two soluble histone complexes in the living cell. In chromatin assembly experiments using SV 40 DNA, both histone fractions are able to transfer histones to DNA, resulting in an increase of DNA superhelicity and the formation of beaded nucleoprotein complexes of nucleosome-like morphology. The common principle governing both types of complexes, i.e. the association of one or two histone molecules with a karyophilic large acidic histone-binding protein is emphasized. We discuss the possible role of these complexes in storing histones utilized in chromatin assembly during early amphibian embryogenesis as well as the possible existence of similar complexes, albeit at lower concentrations, in somatic cells.
Synthesis of (R)(E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2-octene-1,8-dioic Acid, a Copulation Released Pheromone Component of Azuki Bean Weevil (2002)

Started from 5-hydroxy-2-pentanone, (R)(E)-3,7-dimethyl-2-octene-1,8-dioic acid, callosobruchusic acid, was synthesized via five steps with D-(-)-camphor sultam as the chiral auxiliary. It was of good optical purity and yield.
Response of Water-Filled Thin-Walled Pipes to Pressure Pulses: Experiments and Analysis (1980)

Experiments are performed to verify modeling techniques used in fluid-structure interaction codes that predict the response of liquid-filled piping systems to strong pressure pulses. Pressure pulses having a 150-μs rise time, a 2000-psi (13.8 MPa) magnitude, and a 3-ms duration are propagated into straight, water-filled Ni 200 pipes (3-in. (7.6-cm) O.D. 0.065-in. (0.165-cm) wall). Attenuation of the pressure pulse and the strain and deformation along the pipes are measured. The experiments are modeled in WHAM, a two-dimensional, finite-element, compressible fluid-structure interaction code. The experimental and analytical results are discussed in detail and are found to compare favorably.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 as molecular targets for phytochemicals indole-3-carbinol and genistein in breast and prostate cancer cells (2006)

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and genistein are naturally occurring chemicals derived from cruciferous vegetables and soy, respectively, with potential cancer prevention activity for hormone-responsive tumours (e.g., breast and prostate cancers). Previously, we showed that I3C induces BRCA1 expression and that both I3C and BRCA1 inhibit oestrogen (E2)-stimulated oestrogen receptor (ER-alpha) activity in human breast cancer cells. We now report that both I3C and genistein induce the expression of both breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) in breast (MCF-7 and T47D) and prostate (DU-145 and LNCaP) cancer cell types, in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Induction of the BRCA genes occurred at low doses of I3C (20 microM) and genistein (0.5-1.0 microM), suggesting potential relevance to cancer prevention. A combination of I3C and genistein gave greater than expected induction of BRCA expression. Studies using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and BRCA expression vectors suggest that the phytochemical induction of BRCA2 is due, in part, to BRCA1. Functional studies suggest that I3C-mediated cytoxicity is, in part, dependent upon BRCA1 and BRCA2. Inhibition of E2-stimulated ER-alpha activity by I3C and genistein was dependent upon BRCA1; and inhibition of ligand-inducible androgen receptor (AR) activity by I3C and genistein was partially reversed by BRCA1-siRNA. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that the phytochemical induction of BRCA1 expression is due, in part, to endoplasmic reticulum stress response signalling. These findings suggest that the BRCA genes are molecular targets for some of the activities of I3C and genistein.
Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Storage and Conversion (2014)

Abstract In today's world, clean energy storage devices, such as batteries, fuel cells, and electrochemical capacitors, have been recognized as one of the next‐generation technologies to assist in overcoming the global energy crisis. Electrochemical capacitors, also referred to as supercapacitors , are special types of capacitors possessing fast charging capabilities, long life cycles, and low maintenance costs. As a result, supercapacitors are used in a variety of commercial applications such as emergency backup powers, consumer electronics, and hybrid vehicles. Even though supercapacitors are restricted by its low energy density and high cost challenges, research and development will gradually overcome these limitations. The proposed articles focus on the fundamental theory behind supercapacitors, including the types of supercapacitors and their energy storage supercapacitors, as well as quantify the performance of these devices. Furthermore, the following articles help illuminate the practical aspects of supercapacitors in commercial applications and the current technological progression.
Equilibrium in a Matching Market with General Preferences (1992)

One of the earliest matching market models to appear was in David Gale's The Theory of Linear Economic Models (1960) as an interpretation of the optimal assignment problem and its dual. This covered, as it is sometimes called, the 'linear homogeneous case' where a buyer's utility for money is constant and independent of the object he may be assigned. The model has since been substantially generalised and shown to have various remarkable properties, some of which we will refer to below. Our purpose in this study is to give a proof of existence of competitive equilibrium in a matching market allowing rather general preferences, and then to construct a procedure whereby an equilibrium can be reached in an auction. The latter in fact generalises a 'multi-item auction' for the linear homogeneous case by Demange, Gale and Sotomayor (1986).KeywordsReservation PriceCompetitive EquilibriumPrice VectorLinear DomainActive BuyerThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Surface‐Templated Nanostructured Films with Two‐Dimensional Ordered Arrays of Voids (2004)

Surface replication: Three-dimensional ordered colloidal crystals are used as templates in creating surface gratings from a large variety of functional materials, such as metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics, provided that the material deposition only occurs on the periodic surfaces of the templates. By this nonlithographic technique wafer-scale samples with submicron periodicity can be rapidly created (see picture).
Interplay between Anthocyanins and Gut Microbiota (2014)

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring compounds abundant in the human diet. Evidence has accumulated regarding the positive association of their intake with healthy biological effects. The microbiota has just been started to be considered as a metabolic organ, hence contributing to the metabolism of phenolic compounds and, consequently, to their bioavailability and the biological effects displayed by them. This review aimed to compile information regarding interaction of anthocyanins with the microbiota, from two perspectives: (i) identification of their colonic metabolites as potential bioactive molecules and (ii) their role as prebiotic agents. These perspectives are key points in anthocyanin metabolomics. Several metabolites have been identified after anthocyanin consumption with potential health benefits, in particular phenolic acids and simple phenols. On the other hand, microbiota modulation is closely related to several physiological impairments, and its modulation has been considered as a possible mechanism by which phenolic compounds may exert their effect.
Analytical and Numerical Methods for Volterra Equations. (1987)

Some applications of Volterraequations Linear Volterra equations of the second kind Nonlinear equations of the second kind Equations of the first kind Convolution equations The numerical solution of equations of the second kind Product Integration methods for equations of the second kind Equations of the first kind with differentiable kernels Equations of the Abel type Integrodifferential equations Some computer programs Case studies.
Intelligent agents on the Internet: Fact, fiction, and forecast (1995)

In the future, intelligent software agents will help us navigate the information superhighway by serving as backseat drivers or taxi drivers. Better yet, they have the potential to act as sophisticated concierges who make it unnecessary for us to approach the highway at all. We describe a selective sample of software agents currently under development, to give an idea of the agents that will emerge in the next few years. We organize our discussion by the agents' sophistication and the degree to which they make the information superhighway disappear. Following the information superhighway metaphor, an intelligent agent may be a backseat driver who makes suggestions at every rum, a taxi driver who takes you to your destination, or even a concierge whose knowledge and skills make it unnecessary for you to approach the superhighway at all. The Internet Softbot is discussed as a case study.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Boric acid esters. I. General survey of aromatic ligands and the kinetics and mechanism of the formation and hydrolysis of boric acid esters of salicylamide, N-phenylsalicylamide, and disalicylimide (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoric acid esters. I. General survey of aromatic ligands and the kinetics and mechanism of the formation and hydrolysis of boric acid esters of salicylamide, N-phenylsalicylamide, and disalicylimideDonald W. Tanner and Thomas C. BruiceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 26, 6954–6971Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01002a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01002a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views728Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural and Thermodynamic Characterization of the Interaction of the SH3 Domain from Fyn with the Proline-Rich Binding Site on the p85 Subunit of PI3-Kinase (1996)

The interaction of the Fyn SH3 domain with the p85 subunit of PI3-kinase is investigated using structural detail and thermodynamic data. The solution structure complex of the SH3 domain with a proline-rich peptide mimic of the binding site on the p85 subunit is described. This indicates that the peptide binds as a poly(L-proline) type II helix. Circular dichroism spectroscopic studies reveal that in the unbound state the peptide exhibits no structure. Thermodynamic data for the binding of this peptide to the SH3 domain suggest that the weak binding (approximately 31 microM) of this interaction is, in part, due to the entropically unfavorable effect of helix formation (delta S0 = -78 J.mol-1.K-1). Binding of the SH3 domain to the intact p85 subunit (minus its own SH3 domain) is tighter, and the entropic and enthalpic contributions are very different from those given by the peptide interaction (delta S0 = +252 J.mol-1.K-1; delta H0 = +44 kJ.mol-1). From these dramatically different thermodynamic measurements we are able to conclude that the interaction of the proline-rich peptide does not effectively mimic the interaction of the intact p85 subunit with the SH3 domain and suggest that other interactions could be important.
Neurospora: the organism behind the molecular revolution. (1992)

U NDER the title “Fifty Years Ago: The Neurospora Revolution,” HOROWITZ (1 99 1) has celebrated an anniversary of the epochal 1941 paper of BEADLE and TATUM, which reported the first mutants with biochemically defined nutritional requirements. HOROWITZ’S account and others (HOROWITZ 1973, 1985, 1990; LEDERBERC 1990) have focused on the people who were involved, the genesis of their ideas, and the role of the 1941 results in transforming biology. The present essay will be concerned mainly with the research organism that was so important to the success of the initial experiments. Neurospora possesses a combination of features that made it an ideal choice not only for accomplishing the original objectives set by BEADLE and TATUM but also for a continuing succession of contributions, including many in areas that transgress the bounds of biochemical genetics and molecular biology. 1 shall begin by outlining the story of Neurospora prior to BEADLE and TATUM and then go on to sketch its subsequent history. The previous accounts have stressed biochemical genetics and molecular biology. I shall consider other aspects as well, focusing first on genetics, continuing with a summary of research accomplishments of all sorts, and concluding with a consideration of the potential usefulness of Neurospora for population studies. The vegetative phase of Neurospora was described and used for experiments by French microbiologists nearly 100 years before BEADLE and TATUM (PAYEN 1843; MONTAGNE 1843). In the warm, humid summer of 1842, bread from bakeries in Paris was spoiled by massive growth of an orange mold. A commission was set up by the minister of war to investigate the cause of the infestation and to make recommendations. The commission’s report (PAYEN 1843) includes a colored plate which shows colonies, mycelia, conidiophores and conidia of the “champignons rouges du pain.” An experiment in photobiology is described. Colonies
The co‐occurring use and misuse of cannabis and tobacco: a review (2012)

There is accumulating evidence that some mechanisms linking cannabis and tobacco use are distinct from those contributing to co-occurring use of drugs in general. There is an urgent need for research to identify the underlying mechanisms and harness their potential etiological implications to tailor treatment options for this serious public health challenge.
Wind Energy Comes of Age (1995)

WHERE THE TECHNOLOGY STANDS TODAY. Overview. The Vikings Are Coming. The Research and Development Dilemma. Death Knell for the Giants. Historical Background. The Giant Killers. Wind Energy's Declining Costs. ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS AND BENEFITS: THERE'S NO FREE LUNCH. Machines in the Garden: Aesthetics, Opinion, Design, and Acceptance. Impact on Flora and Fauna. Impacts on People. Impact on Land. Benefits. The Emerald City. WHERE WIND ENERGY IS HEADED. Wind's Future. Appendices. Index.
Using abstraction to improve fault tolerance (2005)

Software errors are a major cause of outages and they are increasingly exploited in malicious attacks. Byzantine fault tolerance allows replicated systems to mask some software errors but it is expensive to deploy. The paper describes a replication technique, BFTA, which uses abstraction to reduce the cost of Byzantine fault tolerance and to improve its ability to mask software errors. BFTA reduces cost because it enables reuse of off-the-shelf service implementations. It improves availability because each replica can be repaired periodically using an abstract view of the state stored by correct replicas, and because each replica can run distinct or non-deterministic service implementations, which reduces the probability of common mode failures. We built an NFS service that allows each replica to run a different operating system. This example suggests that BFTA can be used in practice; the replicated file system required only a modest amount of new code, and preliminary performance results indicate that it performs comparably to the off-the-shelf implementations that it wraps.
Decoding LDPC Codes With Locally Maximum-Likelihood Binary Messages (2014)

A new low-complexity message passing algorithm is described for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes by exchanging binary messages. The algorithm computes the local maximum-likelihood binary message (LMLBM) at each symbol node, given the combination of local channel information and partial syndrome components from adjacent parity check nodes. When channel information is quantized, the locally ML messages are pre-computed and stored in a dynamic global lookup table. The proposed algorithm uses memoryless extrinsic messages so that density evolution thresholds can be directly computed. Thresholds are obtained for regular ensembles, predicting good performance on quantized binary-input additive white Gaussian noise (biAWGN) channels.
Structure, biological activity, and enzymatic transformation of fucoidans from the brown seaweeds (2008)

Recent advances in the study of fucoidans, biologically active sulfated alpha-L-fucans of diverse structures and synthesized exclusively by marine organisms, are overviewed. Their structure, biological activity, the products of their enzymatic degradation and the different enzymes of degradation and modification are considered.
Advances in deep neural network approaches to speaker recognition (2015)

The recent application of deep neural networks (DNN) to speaker identification (SID) has resulted in significant improvements over current state-of-the-art on telephone speech. In this work, we report a similar achievement in DNN-based SID performance on microphone speech. We consider two approaches to DNN-based SID: one that uses the DNN to extract features, and another that uses the DNN during feature modeling. Modeling is conducted using the DNN/i-vector framework, in which the traditional universal background model is replaced with a DNN. The recently proposed use of bottleneck features extracted from a DNN is also evaluated. Systems are first compared with a conventional universal background model (UBM) Gaussian mixture model (GMM) i-vector system on the clean conditions of the NIST 2012 speaker recognition evaluation corpus, where a lack of robustness to microphone speech is found. Several methods of DNN feature processing are then applied to bring significantly greater robustness to microphone speech. To direct future research, the DNN-based systems are also evaluated in the context of audio degradations including noise and reverberation.
Tissue Level Compartmentation of (R)-Amygdalin and Amygdalin Hydrolase Prevents Large-Scale Cyanogenesis in Undamaged Prunus Seeds (1994)

Plum (Prunus domestica) seeds, which contain the cyanogenic diglucoside (R)-amygdalin and lesser amounts of the corresponding monoglucoside (R)-prunasin, release the respiratory toxin HCN upon tissue disruption. Amygdalin hydrolase (AH) and prunasin hydrolase (PH), two specific [beta]-glucosidases responsible for hydrolysis of these glucosides, were purified to near homogeneity by concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B and carboxymethyl-cellulose chromatography. Both proteins appear as polypeptides with molecular masses of 60 kD upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but they exhibit different isoelectric points (PH, 5.6-6.0; AH, 7.8-8.2). AH and PH were localized within mature plum seeds by tissue printing, histochemistry, and silver-enhanced immunogold labeling. As was previously shown in black cherry (Prunus serotina) seeds (E.Swain, C.P. Li, J.E. Poulton [1992] Plant Physiol 100: 291-300), AH and PH are restricted to protein bodies of specific procambial cells and are absent from the cotyledonary parenchyma, bundle sheath, and endosperm cells. In contrast, the cyanogenic glycosides in both plum and black cherry seeds, which were detected by tissue printing, occur solely in the cotyledonary parenchyma and are absent from the procambium and endosperm. It is concluded that tissue level compartmentation prevents large-scale cyanoglycoside hydrolysis in intact Prunus seeds.
Ipsilateral acoustic electric pitch matching: A case study of cochlear implantation in an up-sloping hearing loss with preserved hearing across multiple frequencies (2014)

Frequency to pitch allocation can potentially be improved by cochlear implants that access the apical third of the spiral ganglion. The ultimate goal of stimulating the apical third of the cochlea is to provide the maximum amount of spectral information to the user. We had the unique opportunity to work with a patient who presented with a severe sensorineural hearing loss rising to within normal limits and poor speech discrimination scores. Data from this study may aid our ability to give patients a broader spectrum of sound perception.
Network Coding Theory (2006)

Store-and-forward had been the predominant technique for transmitting information through a network until its optimality was refuted by network coding theory. Network coding offers a new paradigm f...
The NLM Indexing Initiative's Medical Text Indexer. (2004)

The Medical Text Indexer (MTI) is a program for producing MeSH indexing recommendations. It is the major product of NLM's Indexing Initiative and has been used in both semi-automated and fully automated indexing environments at the Library since mid 2002. We report here on an experiment conducted with MEDLINE indexers to evaluate MTI's performance and to generate ideas for its improvement as a tool for user-assisted indexing. We also discuss some filtering techniques developed to improve MTI's accuracy for use primarily in automatically producing the indexing for several abstracts collections.