gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear morphometry in automatic biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens of prostatic carcinoma. A comparison. (1994)

Nuclear shape analysis performed upon prostatectomy specimens of prostatic carcinoma distinguished individual patients with good and poor prognoses. In order to be useful for prognosis assessment preoperatively, nuclear morphometry must be measured on needle biopsy specimens. We compared nuclear morphometry on automatic biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens in 20 patients with prostatic carcinoma. Nuclear size was smaller (paired Student t test, P < .0001) in biopsy specimens (perimeter 17.0 +/- SD 4.9 microns, area 29.9 +/- 6.6 microns2) than in prostatectomy specimens (perimeter 24.6 +/- 4.4 microns, area 48.2 +/- 8.7 microns2). Nuclear shape was more abnormal in automatic biopsy specimens (nuclear roundness factor 82.0 +/- 18.8, ellipticity 90.5 +/- 27.7) than in surgical specimens (nuclear roundness factor 43.5 +/- 8.8, ellipticity 54.0 +/- 14.7) (P < .0001). Study of specimens obtained by automatic biopsy preoperatively and automatic biopsy of the prostatectomy specimens at various steps of processing revealed that nuclear swelling and rounding occurred after 2-24 hours of formalin fixation. Automatic prostate biopsies may more accurately reflect true nuclear morphometry and should be studied for preoperative prognosis prediction in patients with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma.
Effect of Parameter Variations on Drop Placement in an Electrostatic Ink Jet Printer (1977)

This paper discusses the sensitivity of drop-to-drop spacing in the print plane of an ink jet printer to other printer variables. Two designed experiments, a fractional factorial and a central composite, combined with standard analysis identified the critical variables and provided a mathematical expression useful for setting tolerances.
Automatic vehicle perpendicular parking design using saturated control (2015)

This paper considers the perpendicular reverse parking problem of front wheel steering vehicles. Relationships between the widths of the parking aisle and the parking place, as well as the parameters and the starting position of the vehicle for planning a collision-free reverse perpendicular parking in one maneuver are presented. A nonlinear saturated (tanh-type) feedback steering controller for straight-line tracking is proposed and evaluated. It is demonstrated that the saturated controller, which is continuous, achieves quick steering can be successfully used in solving parking problems. Simulation results and first experimental tests confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
SH-60B HUMS experience using a satellite data link (2005)

Helicopter Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) have achieved greater acceptance in the user community over the past decade as an effective tool to enhance maintainability, reduce costs, and improve flight safety. As more HUMS are fielded on operational Army and Navy aircraft, operators and maintainers are becoming familiar with the flexibility and efficiencies this technology offers. This paper presents the uses and field experiences of a new HUMS capability termed the HUMS In-Flight Reporting System (HIRS). The HIRS provides interactive two-way communications directly with the HUMS for transmitting and querying maintenance and safety data while the aircraft is airborne. The system consists of commercial-off-the-chelf (COTS) satellite communications equipment and associated ground-based software. The HIRS has been installed and is flying onboard a Navy SH-60B helicopter for evaluation as part of the Joint Advanced Health and Usage Monitoring System (JAHUMS) Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) Program. The concepts of operation (CONOPS) and as-flown operational scenarios illustrate this powerful real-time HUMS satellite data communications tool. Actual SH-60B flight data and operations are presented along with the ground station interface. The ground station includes realtime graphing of HUMS parameters, remote control of HUMS transmission mode, and automatic takeoff, landing, and exceedance notification via email. Another aspect is COTS product insertion into an open architecture HUMS process.
Prostaglandin E2 promotes IL-4-induced IgE and IgG1 synthesis. (1990)

PG of the E series are generally known to suppress immune responses, however, we have found that PGE synergizes with IL-4 to induce IgE and IgG1 production in LPS-stimulated murine B lymphocytes. PGE2 and PGE1 (10(-6) to 10(-8) M) significantly increase IgE and IgG1 production (up to 26-fold) at all concentrations of IL-4 tested. In addition to its effects on IgE and IgG1, PGE also causes a significant decrease in IgM and IgG3 synthesis, suggesting that PGE may promote IL-4-induced class switching. The specificity of the E series PG effect is demonstrated by the fact that PGF2 alpha (10(-6) M) does not alter production of any of these isotypes. Because PGE can mediate its effects through cAMP in some cases, we investigated the importance of cAMP levels in regulation of isotype expression. Other agents that increase intracellular cAMP levels (cholera toxin and dibutyryl cAMP) were assessed for their ability to regulate isotype differentiation. Cholera toxin (100 pg/ml) and dibutyryl cAMP (100 microM) significantly enhanced IgE and IgG1 production and diminished IgM and IgG3 synthesis. We also show that PGE and cholera toxin elevate intracellular cAMP in B lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, PGF2 alpha (10(-6) M) and the B subunit of cholera toxin (100 pg/ml) did not increase cAMP and did not regulate the isotype of Ig produced, reiterating the importance of cAMP in enhancing isotype differentiation. Although PGE is known to inhibit a number of immune responses, our data show that it is not always inhibitory. PGE may play a role in atopy in vivo where PGE-secreting cells such as macrophages, follicular dendritic cells, and fibroblasts can promote IgE synthesis. This research emphasizes the importance of PGE in regulation of the humoral immune response and adds a new stimulatory action to the repertoire of known PGE effects.
The purification and characterization of rat liver lysosomal alpha-L-fucosidase. (1977)

The alpha-L-fucosidase from rat liver lysosomes was purified approximately 27,000-fold (from cytoplasmic extract) by a rapid procedure requiring only 7 h anf providing enzyme in a 20 per cent yield. The procedure is based upon affinity chromatography with agarose-epsilon-aminocaproyl-fucosamine. The isolated enzyme was found to be pure by a number of different analytical gel techniques and is essentially free of other lysosomal gylcosidases. The purified enzyme exhibits a positive periodic acid-Schiff stain, suggesting that it is a glycoprotein. The purified enzyme has a pH optimum of 5.7 to 5.9, a Vmax of 27 mumol/min/mg of protein, and a Km of 0.19 mM with p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-fucopyranoside as substrate. L-Fucose was the only possibly physiological effector of the enzyme which was identified; it exhibited a Ki of 1.6 mM, with p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-fucopyranoside as substrate. The enzyme has a subunit molecular weight of approximately 55,000 by Na dodecyl-SO4 electrophoresis in a variety of gel systems. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was indicated to be approximately 160,000 by sucrose density centrifugation, 300,000 by molecular sieve chromatography on Sephadex G-200, and 217,000 by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation. The weight of evidence suggests that the enzyme is a tetramer. Incubation on the absence of sulfhydryl reagents under appropriate conditions generates a second alpha-L-fucosidase activity band on gels corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 40,000 to 50,000. This result suggests that the subunit is relatively stable and may reassociate to form active enzyme. Alpha-L-Fucosidase requires a high concentration of protein and the presence of a sulfhydryl reagent for stabilization. It is rapidly inactivated by p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid, this inactivation being rapidly reversible by the addition of 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of 1 leads to 2, 1 leads to 3, and 1 leads to 4 fucosyl linkages and was found to be active on glycopeptides but not on native glycoproteins. The amino acid and carbohydrate composition of the enzyme was determined. The native enzyme contains the following sugars (residues per tetramer): fucose (3.5), mannose (32), galactose (8), glucose (9), glucosamine (32), and sialic acid (8). Rat liver lysosomal alpha-glucosidase, also produced in the rapid isolation procedure described herein, contained less than 0.1 residue of sialic acid per subunit.
Synthesis of Novel Spiroheterocycles Through 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with Triarylideneacetylacetone Through Decarboxylation (2010)

Triarylideneacetylacetone undergoes regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with azomethine ylide derived from isatin and L-proline/sarcosine/octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid by decarboxylation, affording a series of spiroheterocycles. This one-pot, three-component tandem reaction is efficient and yields novel spiroheterocylic compounds in good yields. The structure and stereochemistry of the cycloadduct have been established by single-crystal x-ray and spectroscopic techniques.
Template-Stripped Smooth Ag Nanohole Arrays with Silica Shells for Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensing (2011)

Inexpensive, reproducible, and high-throughput fabrication of nanometric apertures in metallic films can benefit many applications in plasmonics, sensing, spectroscopy, lithography, and imaging. Here we use template-stripping to pattern periodic nanohole arrays in optically thick, smooth Ag films with a silicon template made via nanoimprint lithography. Ag is a low-cost material with good optical properties, but it suffers from poor chemical stability and biocompatibility. However, a thin silica shell encapsulating our template-stripped Ag nanoholes facilitates biosensing applications by protecting the Ag from oxidation as well as providing a robust surface that can be readily modified with a variety of biomolecules using well-established silane chemistry. The thickness of the conformal silica shell can be precisely tuned by atomic layer deposition, and a 15 nm thick silica shell can effectively prevent fluorophore quenching. The Ag nanohole arrays with silica shells can also be bonded to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channels for fluorescence imaging, formation of supported lipid bilayers, and real-time, label-free SPR sensing. Additionally, the smooth surfaces of the template-stripped Ag films enhance refractive index sensitivity compared with as-deposited, rough Ag films. Because nearly centimeter-sized nanohole arrays can be produced inexpensively without using any additional lithography, etching, or lift-off, this method can facilitate widespread applications of metallic nanohole arrays for plasmonics and biosensing.
Finite element analysis of a subtrochanteric fractured femur with dynamic hip screw, dynamic condylar screw, and proximal femur nail implants — a comparative study (2008)

Selection of the correct type of implant for fracture fixation has become a very interesting problem in the orthopaedic community. The present work studies the biomechanical behaviour of the femur with three different implant configurations for simple transverse subtrochanteric fracture and the intact femur using finite element analysis. The implants considered in this study are as follows: dynamic hip screw (DHS), dynamic condylar screw (DCS), and proximal femur nail (PFN). The modelling software Unigraphics and finite element simulation software ANSYS are used for the present analysis. The three implants are compared for deflection, stress, and strains. The simulation also includes modelling of the cortical defect near the fracture. An estimation of the critical depth of the cortical defect based on the von Mises stress is obtained using this study on the DHS implant. The displacement and principal stress on the proximal femur have been compared for all the implant models. The stresses on the cortical screws for DCS and DHS implants have also been compared. The result shows that the DHS and DCS implants behave in a similar way to the intact femur compared with the PFN implant.
Rapid dark‐blood carotid vessel‐wall imaging with random bipolar gradients in a radial SSFP acquisition (2007)

Overall, this sequence offers a simple and effective dark-blood contrast mechanism for high-SNR SSFP acquisitions in vessel wall imaging within a short acquisition time.
Three-Dimensional Lithium-Ion Battery Model (2008)

Nonuniform battery physics can cause unexpected performance and life degradations in lithium-ion batteries; a three-dimensional cell performance model was developed by integrating an electrode-scale submodel using a multiscale modeling scheme.
A monolithic Ka-band sub-harmonically pumped frequency converter (2002)

A GaAs monolithic subharmonically pumped (SHP) Ka-band frequency converter has been developed. The complete frequency converter monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuit (MMIC), having six microwave ports, consists of an SP2T RF switch, LO (local oscillator) buffer amplifier, anti-parallel diode mixer, three-stage IF (intermediate frequency) amplifier, and an SP3T IF switch. To minimize circuit cost, the converter was fabricated with conventional MMIC material and processing. The frequency converter exhibited a conversion gain of 8 dB and a single sideband noise figure of 20 dB. This IC is the first demonstrated monolithic Ka-band SHP frequency converter and has a higher level of integration than previous MMIC SHP mixers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PIKACHU: how to rebalance load in optimizing mapreduce on heterogeneous clusters (2013)

For power, cost, and pricing reasons, datacenters are evolving towards heterogeneous hardware. However, MapReduce implementations, which power a representative class of datacenter applications, were originally designed for homogeneous clusters and performed poorly on heterogeneous clusters. The natural solution, rebalancing load among the reducers running on heterogeneous nodes has been explored in Tarazu, but shown to be only mildly effective.

In this paper, we revisit the key design challenge in this important optimization for MapReduce on heterogeneous clusters and make three contributions. (1) We show that Tarazu estimates the target load distribution too early into MapReduce job execution, which results in the rebalanced load far from the optimal. (2) We articulate the delicate tradeoff between the estimation accuracy versus wasted work from delayed load adjustment, and propose a load rebalancing scheme that strikes a balance between the tradeoff. (3)We implement our design in the PIKACHU task scheduler, which outperforms Hadoop by up to 42% and Tarazu by up to 23%.
Advanced Network Operations (2019)

The OpenShift platform provides defaults optimized for Cloud-native workloads. These have been covered throughout this book. As with many successful Open Source project, Kubernetes is being used in setups for which it was never designed. With the adoption of Kubernetes outside the web-based application, there is the need to support specialized hardware acceleration (i.e., GPUs, FPGAs, etc.), multiple NICs per Container, and much more. This chapter focuses on advanced networking features or capabilities for increasing network performance and for the onboarding of applications or microservices using nontraditional web protocols into OpenShift.
Serum Ionized Magnesium Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Microalbuminuria or Clinical Proteinuria (2000)

Microalbuminuria and clinical proteinuria, as well as poor glycometabolic control and hypertriglyceridemia, are associated to relevant alterations in magnesium metabolism, and the measurement of serum ionized magnesium seems to represent a useful biochemical tool for the study of magnesium disturbances in patients with different grades of diabetic nephropathy.
Characterization of the yeast <i>BMH1</i> gene encoding a putative protein homologous to mammalian protein kinase II activators and protein kinase C inhibitors (1992)

We describe the identification and characterization of the BMH1 gene from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene encodes a putative protein of 292 amino acids which is more than 50% identical with the bovine brain 14-3-3 protein and proteins isolated from sheep brain which are strong inhibitors of protein kinase C. Disruption mutants and strains with the BMH1 gene on multicopy plasmids have impaired growth on minimal medium with glucose as carbon source, i.e. a 30-50% increase in generation time. These observations suggest a regulatory function of the bmh1 protein. In contrast to strains with an intact or a disrupted BMH1 gene, strains with the BMH1 gene on multicopy plasmids hardly grew on media with acetate or glycerol as carbon source.
Characterization of the Vibrio anguillarum fur gene: role in regulation of expression of the FatA outer membrane protein and catechols (1994)

The chromosomally encoded Vibrio anguillarum fur gene was characterized. The amino acid sequence of the Fur protein showed a very high degree of homology with those of V. cholerae and V. vulnificus. The degree of homology was lower, although still high, with the Escherichia coli and Yersinia pestis Fur amino acid sequences, while the lowest degree of homology was found with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fur protein. The C-terminal portion of Fur is the least conserved region among these Fur proteins. Within this portion, two regions spanning amino acids 105 to 121 and 132 to the end are the least conserved. A certain degree of variation is also present in the N termini spanning amino acids 28 to 46. Regulation of expression of the V. anguillarum fur gene by iron was not detected by immunoblot analysis. Mutations in the cloned fur gene were generated either by site-directed mutagenesis (the Lys-77 was changed to a Gly to generate the derivative FurG77) or by insertion of a DNA fragment harboring the aph gene in the same position. FurG77 was impaired in its ability to regulate a reporter gene with the Fur box in its promoter, while the insertion mutant was completely inactive. V. anguillarum fur mutants were obtained by isolating manganese-resistant derivatives. In one of these mutants, which encoded a Fur protein with an apparent lower molecular weight, the regulation of the production of catechols and synthesis of the outer membrane protein FatA were partially lost. In the case of another mutant, no protein was detected by anti-Fur serum. This derivative showed a total lack of regulation of biosynthesis of catechols and FatA protein by iron.
Effect of folate derivatives on the activity of antifolate drugs used against malaria and cancer (2008)

The folate derivatives folic acid (FA) and folinic acid (FNA) decrease the in vivo and in vitro activities of antifolate drugs in Plasmodium falciparum. However, the effects of 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) and tetrahydrofolate (THF), the two dominant circulating folate forms in humans, have not been explored yet. We have investigated the effects of FA, FNA, 5-Me-THF, and THF on the in vitro activity of the antimalarial antifolates pyrimethamine and chlorcycloguanil and the anticancer antifolates methotrexate (MTX), aminopterin, and trimetrexate (TMX), against P. falciparum. The results indicate that these anticancers are potent against P. falciparum, with IC50 < 50 nM. 5-Me-THF does not significantly decrease the activity of all tested drugs, and none of the tested folate derivatives significantly decrease the activity of these anticancers. Thus, malaria folate metabolism has features different from those in human, and the exploitation of this difference could lead to the discovery of new drugs to treat malaria. For instance, the combination of 5-Me-THF with a low dose of TMX could be used to treat malaria. In addition, the safety of a low dose of MTX in the treatment of arthritis indicates that this drug could be used alone to treat malaria.
Sequence and Expression of a Caffeic Acid O-Methyl Transferase Cdna Homologue in the Tropical Forage Legume Stylosanthes Humilis. (1995)

The isolation and characterisation of a cDNA encoding a caffeic acid 0-methyl transferase cDNA homologue (COMT) from Stylosanthes humilis are described. The clone is 1391 nucleotides in length, with an open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 366 amino acids. Cluster analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed extensive homology to other published O-methyl transferase sequences. Maximum levels of homology were seen with COMTs from alfalfa (87%) and aspen (84%). Southern analysis suggested that this enzyme is encoded by two genes in S. humilis. The mRNA is most strongly expressed in stem tissue, with intermediate levels of expression in young leaves and roots, and does not appear to be induced upon fungal infection or wounding.
Freeform surface lens for LED uniform illumination (2009)

A method using a freeform surface lens for LED secondary optic design is proposed in this paper. By Snell's Law, the differential equations are given to build the relationship between the normal direction of a freeform surface and its input/output ray vectors. Runge-Kutta formulas are used to calculate the differential equations to design the freeform surface. Moreover, the optical model for uniform illumination is simulated and optical performance is analyzed. A practical freeform surface lens for LED uniform illumination is fabricated using an injection molding method. By the process, our system demonstrates a uniform illumination with a divergence half-angle of 6 degrees and an efficiency of 78.6%.
Biological control of apple scab and fire blight by the application of the non-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Bk3 to the leaf surface. (2008)

The biological control of plant diseases by application of antagonistic microorganisms to\nthe plant phyllosphere is an alternative strategy to prevent the frequent treatment of plants\nby pesticides. Microbiological antagonists can firstly interact directly against the pathogen\nby releasing antimicrobial compounds and/or secondly induce the plant resistance of the\nhost plant by expression of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins). The focus of our\nstudy is on the interaction of the non-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Bk3\nto the plant phyllosphere of Malus domestica cv. Holsteiner Cox. After application of P.\nfluorescens Bk3 to the phyllosphere of M. domestica cv. Holsteiner Cox we observed\ndramatic changes in the protein composition of the apoplast of the host plant. Sequencing\nof the induced proteins by ESI-Q-ToF mass spectrometry and homology search identified\nthese additional proteins as pathogenesis related proteins (PR) like ß-1,3- glucanase,\nthaumatin-like protein, chitinase and hevein-like protein. To confirm these findings, a\nsuppressive subtractive hybridization with total RNA from leaves before and after\ninoculation of P. fluorescens Bk3 to the leaves of the host plant was performed. It revealed\nan increased expression level of many PR and stress related genes.\nThe induction of PR proteins and plant defence genes in host plants after application of\nnon-pathogenic bacterial antagonists to the plant phylloshere can presumably prevent or\nreduce successful infections by plant pathogens.