gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells (2016)

Organolead halide perovskite materials possess a combination of remarkable optoelectronic properties, such as steep optical absorption edge and high absorption coefficients, long charge carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes. Taken together with the ability for low temperature preparation, also from solution, perovskite-based devices, especially photovoltaic (PV) cells have been studied intensively, with remarkable progress in performance, over the past few years. The combination of high efficiency, low cost and additional (non-PV) applications provides great potential for commercialization. Performance and applications of perovskite solar cells often correlate with their device structures. Many innovative device structures were developed, aiming at large-scale fabrication, reducing fabrication cost, enhancing the power conversion efficiency and thus broadening potential future applications. This review summarizes typical structures of perovskite solar cells and comments on novel device structures. The applications of perovskite solar cells are discussed.
Expression of LacZ from the<i>htrA, nirB</i>and<i>groE</i>promoters in a<i>Salmonella</i>vaccine strain: Influence of growth in mammalian cells (1995)

Attenuated Salmonella strains are currently being evaluated as live vectors for the delivery of heterologous antigens to the mammalian mucosal and systemic immune systems. An approach to improving the stability of heterologous antigen expression during vaccination is to drive expression of the foreign protein from promoters, e.g. nirB, that become activated when Salmonella enter the host. Salmonella strains were constructed that harboured similar multicopy plasmids encoding the lacZ gene. In each strain, lacZ expression was driven from either the nirB, htrA or groE promoters. Expression of LacZ increased in all vaccine strains as they were shifted from conditions of low to high temperature. In addition, expression of lacZ driven from the htrA and nirB promoters significantly increased when the Salmonella entered eukaryotic cells, including macrophages. Expression of lacZ from the groE promoter was significantly elevated in macrophages but not in cells derived from epithelia. These promoters may be useful for optimising heterologous antigen expression within immune cells of the host.
I/O-efficient statistical computing with RIOT (2010)

Statistical analysis of massive data is becoming indispensable to science, commerce, and society today. Such analysis requires efficient, flexible storage support and special optimization techniques. In this demo, we present RIOT (R with I/O Transparency), a system that extends R, a popular computing environment for statistical data analysis. RIOT makes R programs I/O-efficient in a way transparent to users. It features a flexible array storage manager and an optimization engine suitable for statistical and numerical operations. RIOT also seamlessly integrates with external database systems, offering additional opportunities for processing data that reside in databases by blurring the boundary between database and host-language processing. This demo will show how statistical computation can be effectively and efficiently handled by RIOT.
Evaluation of a Fuzzy Ontology-Based Medical Information System (2006)

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) requires appropriate information to be available to clinicians at the point of care. Electronic sources of information may fulfill this need but require a high level of skill to use successfully. This paper describes the rationale and initial testing of a system to allow collaborative search and ontology construction for professional groups in the health sector. The approach is based around the use of a browser using a fuzzy ontology based on the National Library of Medicine (NLM) Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). This approach may provide high quality information for professionals in the future.
Review of propulsion applications and numerical simulations of the pulsed detonation engine concept (1991)

Here we review experimental and computational studies of the pulsed detonation engine concept (PDEC) and present results of our recent numerical study of this concept. The PDEC was proposed in the early 1940s for small engine applications; however, its potential was never realized due to a complicated, unsteady operation regime. In this study, we demonstrate the use of current advances in numerical simulation for the analysis of the PDEC. The high-thrust/engine volume ratio obtained in our simulations demonstrates promising potential of the pulsed detonation engine concept.
Microtubule-mediated transport of organelles and localization of β-catenin to the future dorsal side of <i>Xenopus</i>  eggs (1997)

The dorsal-ventral axis in frog embryos is specified during the first cell cycle, when the cortex rotates relative to the cytoplasmic core along parallel microtubules associated with the core. Cytoplasmic transfer experiments suggest that dorsal determinants are transported 90 degrees from the vegetal pole to the dorsal equator, even though the cortex rotates only 30 degrees. Here we show that, during rotation, small endogenous organelles are rapidly propelled along the subcortical microtubules toward the future dorsal side and that fluorescent carboxylated beads injected into the vegetal pole are transported at least 60 degrees toward the equator. We also show that deuterium oxide, which broadens the zone of dorsalization even though it reduces the extent of rotation and is known to randomize the microtubules, also randomizes the direction of organelle transport. Moreover, beta-catenin, a component of the Wnt signaling pathway that possesses dorsalizing activity in Xenopus, colocalizes with subcortical microtubules at the dorsal side of the egg at the end of rotation. We propose that cortical rotation functions to align subcortical microtubules, which then mediate the transport of dorsal determinants toward their plus ends on one side of the egg.
Solutions for undetected shorts on IEEE 1149.1 self-monitoring pins (2010)

This paper presents the problem of undetected shorts on IEEE 1149.1 compliant self-monitoring pins. Unidirectional and bidirectional self-monitoring pins may contain sufficient series termination resistance and low enough voltage swings such that shorts between two pins become resistively isolated from the receivers and therefore are undetected during wiring interconnect tests. Potential solutions to mitigate the problem are offered.
Diffusion of Calcium Chloride in a Modified Bentonite: Impact on Osmotic Efficiency and Hydraulic Conductivity (2010)

Abstract Chemically modified bentonites are being developed with the aim of preserving low hydraulic conductivity in the presence of potentially aggressive permeants in pollutant-containment applications. ‘Multiswellable’ bentonite (MSB) has been obtained by treating standard sodium bentonite with propylene carbonate. Research on the engineering properties of MSB has focused mainly on permeability and chemical compatibility. Solute diffusion and membrane behavior in MSB have not yet been investigated. A combined chemico-osmotic/diffusion test was performed on a MSB specimen using a 5 mM CaCl 2 solution. Permeability with distilled water and with the 5 mM CaCl 2 solution was measured prior to and after the chemico-osmotic/diffusion tests. The material exhibited time-dependent membrane behavior with a peak osmotic efficiency value (ω) of 0.172 that gradually shifted to zero upon breakthrough of calcium ions. Effective diffusion coefficients of calcium and chloride ions were in the range commonly described for untreated bentonite at similar porosities. After the chemico-osmotic/diffusion stage and permeation with 5 mM CaCl 2 , the hydraulic conductivity of MSB increased from 1.1 × 10 −11 m/s to 7.0 × 10 −11 m/s. The MSB was apparently converted into a calcium-exchanged bentonite at the end of the test. Prehydration and subsequent permeation might have contributed to elution of the organic additive from the clay. Further investigation is recommended to clarify the effect of prehydration on the hydraulic performance of MSB in the presence of potentially aggressive permeants.
A gRNA-tRNA array for CRISPR-Cas9 based rapid multiplexed genome editing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2019)

Abstract With rapid progress in DNA synthesis and sequencing, strain engineering starts to be the rate-limiting step in synthetic biology. Here, we report a gRNA-tRNA array for CRISPR-Cas9 (GTR-CRISPR) for multiplexed engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Using reported gRNAs shown to be effective, this system enables simultaneous disruption of 8 genes with 87% efficiency. We further report an accelerated Lightning GTR-CRISPR that avoids the cloning step in Escherichia coli by directly transforming the Golden Gate reaction mix to yeast. This approach enables disruption of 6 genes in 3 days with 60% efficiency using reported gRNAs and 23% using un-optimized gRNAs. Moreover, we applied the Lightning GTR-CRISPR to simplify yeast lipid networks, resulting in a 30-fold increase in free fatty acid production in 10 days using just two-round deletions of eight previously identified genes. The GTR-CRISPR should be an invaluable addition to the toolbox of synthetic biology and automation.
Doping Liquid Crystal Cells with Photocurable Monomer via Holographic Exposure to Realize Optical-Scattering-Free Infrared Phase Modulators with Fast Response Time (2017)

Photocurable monomer-doped liquid crystal (LC) cells were processed via holographic exposure using a low-power He–Ne laser to generate holographic polymer networks. The polymer network LC (PNLC) cells are used to fabricate infrared phase modulators at 1550 nm wavelength possessing favorable electro-optical performance. Compared with our previous work, the percentages of ingredients in the LC mixture filled in PNLC cells underwent a slight change. The 2 wt% concentration of anisotropic monomer RM257 were in place of isotropic monomer N–vinyl–2–pyrrolidinone (NVP). As a result, the fabricated phase modulators also maintained well homogeneous LC alignments and optical-scattering-free characteristics. Furthermore, NVP dopant successfully reduced the operating voltages from 95 Vrms to 79 Vrms to prevent polymer network deformation when electrically operating with higher voltages. The fabricated infrared phase modulators had a good average response time (i.e., rising time of 0.88 ms and falling time of 0.40 ms).
World Knowledge in the Process of Translation (1991)

The paper illustrates the role of world knowledge in comprehending and translating texts. A short news item, which displays world knowledge fairly implicitly in condensed lexical forms, was translated by students from English into German. It is shown that their translation strategies changed from a first draft which was rather close to the surface structure of the source text to a final version which took situational aspects, texttypological conventions and the different background knowledge of the respective addressees into account. Decisions on how much world knowledge has to be made explicit in the target text, however, must be based on the relevance principle. Consequences for teaching and for the notions of semantic knowledge and world knowledge are discussed.
Coculture of Spermatogonia With Somatic Cells in a Novel Three‐Dimensional Soft‐Agar‐Culture‐System (2008)

Isolation and culture of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) has become an approach to study the milieu and the factors controlling their expansion and differentiation. Traditional conventional cell culture does not mimic the complex situation in the seminiferous epithelium providing a basal, intraepithelial, and adluminal compartment to the developing male germ cells. SSCs are located in specific stem cell niches whose features and functional parameters are thus far poorly understood. It was the aim of this study to isolate SSCs and to explore their expansion and differentiation potential in a novel three-dimensional Soft-Agar-Culture-System (SACS). This system provides three-dimensional structural support and multiple options for manipulations through the addition of factors, cells, or other changes. The system has revolutionized research on blood stem cells by providing a tool for clonal analysis of expanding and differentiating blood cell lineages. In our studies, SSCs are enriched using Gfralpha-1 as a specific surface marker and magnetic-activated cell sorting as a separation approach. At termination of the culture, we determined the type and number of germ cells obtained after the first 24 hours of culture. We also determined cell types and numbers in expanding cell clones of differentiating germ cells during the subsequent 15 days of culture. We analyzed a supportive effect of somatic cell lineages added to the solid part of the culture system. We conclude that our enrichment and culture approach is highly useful for exploration of SSC expansion and have found indications that the system supports differentiation up to the level of postmeiotic germ cells.
New developments in fabrication of high-energy-resolution analyzers for inelastic X-ray spectroscopy (2011)

In this work new improvements related to the fabrication of spherical bent analyzers for 1 meV energy-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy are presented. The new method includes the use of a two-dimensional bender to achieve the required radius of curvature for X-ray analyzers. The advantage of this method is the ability to monitor the focus during bending, which leads to higher-efficiency analyzers.
Verifying web services composition based on hierarchical colored petri nets (2005)

Current Web services composition proposals, such as BPML, BPEL, WSCI, and OWL-S, provide notations for describing the control and data flows in Web service collaborations. However, such proposals remain at the descriptive level, without providing any kind of mechanisms or tool support for verifying the composition specified in the proposed notations. In this paper, we present to verify Web services composition by using CP-nets. CP-nets combine the strengths of Petri nets with the expressive power of high-level programming and have sound mathematical semantics. These services composition proposals can be transformed by transformation rules into CP-nets, which can be used to analyze the performance and to investigate behavioral properties such as deadlock or livelock by CP-nets tools.
Intelligent Anti-Money Laundering System (2006)

Criminal elements in today's technology-driven society are using every means available at their disposal to launder the proceeds from their illegal activities. While many anti-money laundering solutions have been in place for some time within the financial community, they cannot adapt to the ever-changing risk and methods in relation to money laundering. In order for a more adaptive, intelligent and flexible solution for anti-money laundering, the intelligent agent technology is applied in this research. Intelligent agents with their properties of autonomy, reactivity and proactivity are well suited for money laundering prevention controls. Several types of agents are proposed and a novel and open multi-agent architecture is presented for anti-money laundering. A prototype system for money laundering detection is also developed to demonstrate the advances of the proposed system architecture and business value
Engineering components for flexible and interoperable real-time distributed supervision and control systems (2007)

The new requirements of modern real-time distributed supervision and control systems such as more flexibility, interoperability, and cost savings, have motivated the use of software-intensive solutions both in academia and industry. Following this trend we have presented, in a previous publication, the design rationale and implementation issues of a flexible and reusable software platform (ARCOS) that relies on the CORBA component model (CCM/CIAO), the DAIS (data acquisition from industrial systems) standard, and framework technologies. This paper builds on this previous publication by presenting a new assembly tool that allows for the visual component-based implementation of ARCOS-based systems and the automatic generation of the related CCM/CIAO/ARCOS artifacts. To demonstrate the power of such a tool, two example applications are presented.
Frequency Domain TOF: Encoding Object Depth in Modulation Frequency (2015)

Time of flight cameras may emerge as the 3-D sensor of choice. Today, time of flight sensors use phase-based sampling, where the phase delay between emitted and received, high-frequency signals encodes distance. In this paper, we present a new time of flight architecture that relies only on frequency---we refer to this technique as frequency-domain time of flight (FD-TOF). Inspired by optical coherence tomography (OCT), FD-TOF excels when frequency bandwidth is high. With the increasing frequency of TOF sensors, new challenges to time of flight sensing continue to emerge. At high frequencies, FD-TOF offers several potential benefits over phase-based time of flight methods.
Co Fe 2 O 4 nanostructures with high coercivity (2005)

Nanometer-sized ferrite magnetic materials are the subject of intense research interest due to their potential applications in high-density magnetic information storage. One of the most explored ferrite materials is the cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4). We have synthesized cobalt ferrite nanowires using cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in a porous anodic alumina template (AAT). The process of embedding ferrimagnetic particles into the pores was assisted by the magnetic field of a permanent magnet placed in vacuum directly under the substrate. Particles synthesized in the template were subsequently annealed at 600°C for 2h in Ar gas forming arrays of cobalt ferrite nanowires inside the AAT. The morphology of the ferrite before and after annealing was observed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope. The crystallographic structure of the nanowires was analyzed using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The magnetization was measured by a superconducting quantum interference device. The coercivity of the annealed ferrite in the form of nanowires is significantly larger than that of the separate ferrite nanoparticles in the pores. This effect is due to the clustering of nanoparticles when the organic solvent is removed by high-temperature annealing as well as an improvement in the crystallininty of the ferrite by reduction of defects. The Faraday spectra of the nanowires were measured before and after annealing. A significant peak was observed at 725nm. The nanowire/AAT composite material had a Verdet constant of 0.1min∕(Oecm) at the peak. It is important to mention that not only the properties but also the form of the material—a regular array of pillars—may be important for microelectronic or information storage applications.
Mobile agents for network management (1998)

In this article we discuss the potential uses of mobile agents in network management and define software agents and a navigation model that determines agent mobility. We list a number of potential advantages and disadvantages of mobile agents and include a short commentary on the ongoing standardization activity. The core of this article comprises descriptions of several actual and potential applications of mobile agents in the five OSI functional areas of network management. A brief review of other research activity in the area and prospects for the future conclude the presentation.
Ultrasensitive Open-Ended Coaxial Cable-Based Microwave Resonator Learns to Sense Impacts (2020)

This article presents an ultrasensitive open-ended hollow coaxial cable resonator (OE-HCCR) that was trained to detect impact events that occurred in the surrounding space through machine learning (ML) techniques. First, inspired by the well-known mass-based accelerometer, for the first time, we propose an OE-HCCR-based accelerometer with the addition of an inertial mass block as the element responsive to acceleration. The OE-HCCR is formed by a metal shorting post welded at the RF input end and the open end of the cable. The instantaneous displacements of the mass block mounted at the endface of the cable due to accelerations lead to variations of the gap distance between the mass block and the endface of the coaxial line, which can be accurately metered by the coaxial resonating structure. Impact events that occur in the surrounding space of the OE-HCCR result in vibrations transmitted to the OE-HCCR system and thereby measured by the OE-HCCR. Second, we demonstrated that employing ML algorithms to analyze the transient responses from the OE-HCCR makes unambiguous mappings between the transient responses of the OE-HCCR and the sources of vibrations possible, due to the ultrahigh sensitivity of the OE-HCCR and the spatial anisotropy of matter in the surrounding space. The preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of using ML-assisted OE-HCCR system for locating impact events and recognizing different impactor implements that caused the impact events.
Sensing using plasmonic nanostructures and nanoparticles (2015)

Nanoparticles are widely used in various fields of science and technology as well as in everyday life. In particular, gold and silver nanoparticles display unique optical properties that render them extremely attractive for various applications. In this review, we focus on the use of noble metal nanoparticles as plasmonic nanosensors with extremely high sensitivity, even reaching single molecule detection. Sensors based on plasmon resonance shifts, as well as the use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering and surface-enhanced fluorescence, will be considered in this work.
Direct DC-DC electric vehicle charging with a grid connected photovoltaic system (1996)

The Electric Vehicle/Photovoltaic Demonstration and Evaluation Program being conducted at the University of South Florida (USF) includes a 20 kW (peak) photovoltaic (PV) system in which PV panels form the roof of a 12 bay carport. A 6 kW (peak) segment of the PV system can be simultaneously distributed between computer controlled direct DC-DC charging and power grid interconnection. The DC-DC charger (DC-DAS) controls the charging current of a battery pack with minimal power waste, by computer control of current flow direction of each of four source circuits. It demonstrates superior efficiency, dependability and safety for DC-DC charging over DC-AC-DC charging and has greater control over the last 20% of charge than traditional PV DC-DC chargers.
Heterocyclic photorearrangements. Photoinduced rearrangements of 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles substituted by an XYZ side chain sequence (1988)

Abstract Photoinduced rearrangements of 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles substituted by an XYZ side chain sequence at position 3 of the ring have been recognized. Examples taken out from previous results have been emphasized and some other patterns dealing with a 3‐phenoxy and 3‐enaminoketone sequence have been investigated. An intermediate species derived from photolysis of the ring O‐N bond and characterized by a continuous 6π electron system involving the side chain sequence, was suggested to give ring closure to the rearrangement product.