gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Side-by-side silicon carbide–silica biaxial nanowires: Synthesis, structure, and mechanical properties (2000)

Elevated-temperature synthesis has been used to generate side-by-side biaxially structured silicon carbide–silica nanowires. The axial growth direction approaches [311] for nanowires with a high density of microtwins and is [211] for defect-free nanowires. The structure of these nanowires, their cross-sectional shape, and their structural transformation between a biaxial and coaxial configuration have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The Young’s modulus of the biaxially structured nanowires was measured to be 50–70 GPa depending on the size of the nanowire.
A buffer-aware HTTP live streaming approach for SDN-enabled 5G wireless networks (2015)

With increasing interest in the concept of 5G wireless networks and the popularization of mobile devices, users gradually watch videos through mobile devices in streaming mode rather than off-line mode. However, the latency and lags of mobile networks will reduce the quality of service. In HTTP live streaming services, when there are multiple sources for the same content stored in the streaming servers, the suited quality content is able to be selected for playing according to the networking bandwidth conditions between servers and user equipment, and the users can obtain appropriate streaming quality automatically. However, the selection policy is difficult to be approved between 5G wireless communication networks and SDNs. In this study a buffer-aware HTTP live streaming approach is proposed, which evaluates the weights of media segments to decide the transmitting priorities based on the current playing time and adjust the appropriate transmission path through the decision making network controller according to the utilization and stability of the routers and switches in SDN. Finally, the experimental results proved that the approach is able to correct the overall streaming source sequence with the buffer status to effectively upgrade overall streaming service quality, as well as maintain a certain level of streaming quality for SDN-enable 5G wireless networks.
Model Uncertainties and Resolution Studies With Application to Subsurface Movement of a CO2 Injection Project in the Krechba Field Using InSAR Data (2010)

Summary Surface deformation-based reservoir monitoring technologies, such as Tilt, GPS and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), have been successfully applied to monitor fluid flow or pressure changes in the reservoir and fluid migration to shallow depths. Obtaining the subsurface fluid movement from the surface deformation requires performing a geophysical inversion. To get meaningful results from the inversion process requires diligent selection of the inversion method and reservoir block sizes, as well as the application of physically reasonable constraints. The focus of this paper is to provide a workflow and guidelines for field application by studying the inverse problem, the solution methods and associated error estimates for the unknown model parameters, and the resolving power for each parameter. As a field case demonstration, the methodologies are applied to a CO2 monitoring project with InSAR data. Also, the subsurface movement of CO2 will be presented.
A Byzantine Resilient Multi-Path Key Establishment Scheme and Its Robustness Analysis for Sensor Networks (2005)

Sensor networks are composed of a large number of low power sensor devices. For secure communication among sensors, secret keys must be established between them. Random key predistribution and pairwise key establishment schemes have been proposed for key management in large-scale sensor networks. In these schemes, after being deployed, sensors set up pairwise keys via preinstalled keys. The key establishment schemes are vulnerable to Byzantine attacks, i.e., packet dropping or altering. To counter these attacks, we propose a Byzantine resilient multi-path key establishment scheme that uses the Reed-Solomon error-correct coding scheme to improve resilience to Byzantine attacks. Our proposed scheme can tolerate at most t faulty key paths, where t - (n - k)/2 when (n,k) Reed-Solomon error-correct coding scheme is used. In addition, by using the Reed-Solomon coding scheme, sensors can identify the faulty paths with minimal communication overhead.
Adverse Outcomes of Bacterial Meningitis in School-Age Survivors (1995)

One in four school-age meningitis survivors has either serious and disabling sequelae or a functionally important behavior disorder, neuropsychologic or auditory dysfunction adversely affecting academic performance. As a group, survivors function less well than their classroom peers, and risk is greatest for, but not confined to, those who had acute neurologic complications. All survivors require careful follow-up, at least until school age.
A ±1.5 V CMOS four-quadrant analogue multiplier using 3 GHz analogue squaring circuits (2002)

A CMOS four-quadrant analog multiplier using the MOS transistors operated in triode region is proposed. The multiplier is basically constructed by voltage substractors for two differential inputs, and two 3 GHz analog squarers for multiplication. Simulation results are given to verify the theoretical analysis. The multiplier has a nonlinearity error less than 1% over /spl plusmn/1.5 V input range. The circuit provides a -3 dB bandwidth higher than 1.2 GHz and exhibits a THD lower than 4% with a 1.5 V peak-to-peak input voltage, which dissipating 249 /spl mu/W. The second-order effects including mismatch effects are discussed. The proposed circuit will be useful in analog RF signal-processing applications.
Iron‐Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane for Chemical Hydrogen Storage (2008)

Attractive hydrogen production? The amorphous Fe nanoparticles prepared following a simple but very efficient method possess high catalytic activity (see picture) for the generation of hydrogen from an aqueous solution of ammonia borane, even in air, and can readily be recycled with no obvious loss of catalytic activity. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z704943_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Characterization of the binding of [<sup>125</sup>I]‐human prolactin releasing peptide (PrRP) to GPR10, a novel G protein coupled receptor (2000)

GPR10 is a novel G-protein coupled receptor that is the human orthologue of rat Unknown Hypothalamic Receptor-1 (UHR-1). Human prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) has been identified as an endogenous ligand for GPR10, and occurs as 31 and 20 amino acid forms. The present study characterizes the binding of [(125)I]-PrRP-20 to HEK293 cells stably expressing GPR10 receptors. Specific binding of [(125)I]-PrRP-20 was saturable, and analysis suggested evidence of both high and low affinity sites, with K:(D:) values of 0.026+/-0.006 and 0.57+/-0.14 nM respectively, and B(max) values of 3010+/-400 and 8570+/-2240 fmol mg protein(-1) respectively. Kinetic studies were unable to distinguish two sites, but single site analysis of association and dissociation data produced a K:(D:) of 0.012 nM. Competition studies revealed that human and rat PrRP-20 and PrRP-31 all display high affinity for GPR10. A range of other drugs which are known ligands at receptors which share limited homology with GPR10 were also tested. None of the drugs tested, including the RF-amide neuropeptide FF, demonstrated any affinity for GPR10. Human PrRP-20 failed to alter basal or forskolin-stimulated levels of intracellular cyclic AMP in HEK293-GPR10 cells, suggesting that GPR10 does not couple via either G(s) or G(i). Functional studies using measurements of intracellular calcium confirmed that human and rat PrRP-20 and PrRP-31 are all potent, full agonists at the GPR10 receptor. The response was blocked both by thapsigargin, indicating mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. These studies indicate that [(125)I]-PrRP-20 is a specific, high affinity radioligand for GPR10. The availability of this radioligand binding assay will be a valuable tool for the investigation of the key features involved in PrRP binding and studies on the localization and function of GPR10.
Radical cyclo‐ and cyclocopolymerization (1978)

Abstract Although the principles of cyclopolymerization have been well established, certain aspects of the originally proposed mechanism still remain to be justified in terms of experimental observations. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss these conflicting aspects, to present new information, and to point out those areas where no single mechanistic explanation is presently sufficient. The areas to be considered are: (1) much evidence is available that the cyclization step proceeds via a fast concerted reaction, while kinetic studies on a limited number of monomers indicate that the activation energy for cyclization is greater than that for linear propagation; and (2) although six‐membered rings are predicted in radical cyclopolymerization of 1, 6‐dienes, based upon radical stabilities, numerous examples of such polymerizations are now known to lead to large fractions of five‐membered rings; in addition, extensive stuides on model compounds leading to small molecules have shown that the five‐membered ring is predominant. New evidence indicates that a driving force for cyclization may be that the cyclized polymer is in a lower free energy level than the monomer; also, that radical stability exerts a marked influence on the ring size. This paper also includes the results of a study designed to determine the effect of the nature of a substituent at the 5‐position of 5, 6‐unsaturated radicals on the ring size of the cyclic product. Thus, it was shown that 2‐methallyloxy ethyl radical yielded five‐ to six‐membered rings in the ratio of 30:1, while the 2‐(2‐phenylallyloxy)ethyl radical yielded products in the ratio of 1:2. The latter structure which simulates cyclopolymerization of di(2‐phenylallyl)ether reflects the stabilizing influence of the phenyl group on the intermediate radical. The rate constants and energies of activation for the competing reactions were determined.
Issues Related to the Use of Tourniquets on the Battlefield (2005)

On the battlefield, a properly applied tourniquet can be an extremely effective means of controlling severe extremity wound hemorrhage. However, a great deal of confusion exists among soldiers, medics, and military medical officers on a number of tourniquet-related issues. What is an appropriate combat tourniquet? When is it appropriate to use a tourniquet? When and by whom should a tourniquet be removed? Under what conditions should a tourniquet not be released or removed? What are the most effective ways to increase limb salvage while using a tourniquet? These and other issues were addressed by a panel of experts at the 2003 Advanced Technology Applications for Combat Casualty Care Conference, August 21 and 23, 2003, St. Pete Beach, Florida. Here we review those issues and present a summary of the panel's recommendations.
[Evaluation of traditional medicine: effects of Cajanus cajan L. and of Cassia fistula L. on carbohydrate metabolism in mice]. (1991)

The authors report the results of pharmacologic evaluation of two medicinal plants: Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp and Cassia fistula, which are used in Panamanian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes. It was found that the aqueous fraction of the leaves and stems of C. cajan did not produce any hypo blood sugar effect in normoglycemic mice; instead, it produced a hyperglycemia with doses of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg (p less than 0.001). Only with a dose of 300 mg/kg a short lived decrease in the glycemia was seen at one hour. On the contrary, the folk use of the leaves of C. fistula for diabetes seems to have some correlation with the popular frek use. The aqueous fraction produced a significant decrease in the glycemia (p less than 0.001) at 4 and 24 hours with doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg, and at one and four hours after the dose of 1000 mg/kg (p less than 0.001). In the glucose tolerance test, the aqueous fraction of C. cajan produced a significant and short lasting decrease (p less than 0.05) with the dose of 300 mg/kg, while the dose of 500 mg/kg did at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 hour (p less than 0.01). The 1000 mg/kg dose produced a significant increase in glucose tolerance at 1 and 2 hours (p less than 0.05). The aqueous fraction of C. fistula produced a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) with the dose of 500 mg/kg at 0.25 and 0.5 hours. The 1000 mg/kg dose produced a significant increase (p less than 0.001) at 0.25 and 2 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The studies on the spherical bodies containing anthocyanins in plant cells. I. Cytological and cytochemical observations on the bodies appearing in the seedling hypocotyls of radish plants. (1985)

Microchemical and cytochemical tests were conducted on the red spherical bodies appearing in the seedling hypocotyls of a radish cultivar (Rhaphanus sativus L.), “Kohaku”.In the fresh material of the hypocotyls the red body was broken down by the treatments with weak acids and alkalines, and also showed negative color change with Fehling's reaction and iodine-potassium iodine reaction.In the paraffin sections clear stainings of the spherical bodies were obtained from the following dyes: safranin, both of basic and acidic fuchsins, fast green, methyl blue, orange G and aceto-carmine. However, negative results were given with methylene blue in both of alcohol and water, ruthenium red, sudan III, toluidine blue and nile blue.From these results it is conceivable that the spherical body has some special properties of cytoplasm.The relationship between the appearance of the body and the formation of anthocyanin was discussed.
ADVISOR-Based Model of a Battery and an Ultra-Capacitor Energy Source for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2004)

An energy source is the heart of a hybrid electric vehicle. If it is capable of supplying enough power at all times, then it is an adequate source. Major problems presently facing the industry include the size, cost, and efficiency of the energy source. The primary energy source presently used in automotive systems is a battery. In order to reduce the cost of the battery, the current needs to be decreased and stabilized so it is not very erratic. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and justify the use of a new model for an energy source: a battery in parallel with an ultra-capacitor. The ultra-capacitor can supply a large burst of current, but cannot store much energy. Conversely, the battery can store mass amounts of energy; however, without expensive and inefficient units, a battery cannot provide the current that the ultra-capacitor can. By combining the two energy sources in parallel, the storage and peak current characteristics desired can be achieved. The standards of the vehicle are not degraded, allowing this to be a promising technique to incorporate into hybrid electric vehicles to reduce their cost and increase the efficiency of their energy-source system.
DeepChrome: deep-learning for predicting gene expression from histone modifications (2016)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mechanism of trifluorothymidine potentiation of oxaliplatin-induced cytotoxicity to colorectal cancer cells (2007)

Oxaliplatin (OHP) is an anticancer agent that acts by formation of Platinum-DNA (Pt-DNA) adducts resulting in DNA-strand breaks and is used for the treatment of colorectal cancer. The pyrimidine analog trifluorothymidine (TFT) forms together with a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor (TPI) the anticancer drug formulation TAS-102, in which TPI enhances the bioavailability of TFT in vivo. In this in vitro study the combined cytotoxic effects of OHP with TFT were investigated in human colorectal cancer cells as a model for TAS-102 combinations. In a panel of five colon cancer cell lines (WiDr, H630, Colo320, SNU-C4 and SW1116) we evaluated the OHP-TFT drug combinations using the multiple drug-effect analysis with CalcuSyn software, in which the combination index (CI) indicates synergism (CI<0.9), additivity (CI=0.9-1.1) or antagonism (CI>1.1). Drug target analysis was used for WiDr, H630 and SW1116 to investigate whether there was an increase in Pt-DNA adduct formation, DNA damage induction, cell cycle delay and apoptosis. Trifluorothymidine combined with OHP resulted in synergism for all cell lines (all CI<0.9). This was irrespective of schedule in which either one of the drugs was kept at a constant concentration (using variable drug ratio) or when the two drugs were added in a 1 : 1 IC(50)-based molar ratio. Synergism could be increased for WiDr using sequential drug treatment schedules. Trifluorothymidine increased Pt-DNA adduct formation significantly in H630 and SW1116 (14.4 and 99.1%, respectively; P<0.05). Platinum-DNA adducts were retained best in SW1116 in the presence of TFT. More DNA-strand breaks were induced in SW1116 and the combination increased DNA damage induction (>20%) compared with OHP alone. Exposure to the drugs induced a clear cell-cycle S-phase arrest, but was dose schedule and cell line dependent. Trifluorothymidine (TFT) and OHP both induced apoptosis, which increased significantly for WiDr and SW1116 after TFT-OHP exposure (18.8 and 20.6% respectively; P<0.05). The basal protein levels of ERCC1 DNA repair enzyme were not related to the DNA damage that was induced in the cell lines. In conclusion, the combination of TFT with the DNA synthesis inhibitor OHP induces synergism in colorectal cancer cells, but is dependent on the dose and treatment schedule used.
Synthesis and crosslinking of new bis(4,5‐epoxytetrahydrophthalimides) (1995)

Abstract Preparation and characterization of novel cycloaliphatic epoxy resins derived from tetrahydrophthalimide compounds were studied. Crosslinking studies on these resins were carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA). Thermal crosslinking overlaps with degradation and, therefore, hardeners or catalysts were used in order to decrease the crosslinking temperature. Primary or tertiary amines did not give curing reaction but the latter afforded isomerization to produce phthalimides when the amine was used in a great proportion. On the other hand, the use of anhydride ( cis ‐1,2‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride) as hardener and a tertiary amine (4‐dimethylaminopyridine) as accelerator led to crosslinked materials. DSC was used to follow the reaction and a dynamic method was applied to obtain kinetic parameters. Thermal stability was evaluated by TGA.
Preweaning mortality in pigs. 4 Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in pigs. (1975)

The incidence of fatal gastroenteropathies in sucking pigs was studied during a 2-year period in 17 sow herds involving 2,936 litters. The results showed that 2.8 per cent of the liveborn pigs died with gastroenteropathies during the sucking and immediate post weaning period. The incidence was lowest in offspring from second-litter sows (Table I) and the progeny from large litters tended to have the highest incidence (Table II). Fatal gastrointestinal diseases were observed in a total of 17.6 per cent of the examined litters, and the average number of death per affected litter was 1.5 (Tables III and IV). The progeny of sows with post parturient diseases had significantly higher death losses than had the progeny from normal healthy sows (Table V). Climate had no apparent influence on death losses, but they were lowest during the warmer period of the year (April-September) (Tables VIII and VI.) The incidence varied considerably from herd to herd, but was not influenced by herd size (Table III). However, the level of hygiene exerted a pronounced influence on the incidence (Table VII), and self-contained herds had significantly lower death losses than had herds where female breeding stock was occasionally brought in (Table IX). Approximately 65 per cent of the pigs which succumbed due to gastrointestinal diseases died during the first week of life, which means that 1.8 per cent of the pigs at risk died during this period (Table X). The material was grouped according to the results of the post mortem and bacteriological examinations (Table XI). Approximately 50 per cent of the fatal cases were associated with an intestinal bacterial infection, which in most instances was caused by pathogenic strains of E. coli (Tables XII and XIII), while approximately 14 per cent had distinct gross pathological lesions which alone were indication of a diagnosis. In the remaining one third of the fatal cases the aetiology and pathogenesis remained by and large unexplained; however, nutritional and dietetic disorders played a role in many of these cases. Aetiological, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the fatal gastrointestinal diseases are discussed, and it is concluded that a high level of hygiene, the prevention and treatment of post parturient diseases, "closed" management systems, and the avoidance of unsuitable or damaged sow feed would be instrumental in keeping the level of fatal gastrointestinal diseases low among sucking pigs.
Synthesis of Esterase‐resistant 9‐<i>O</i>‐Acetylated Polysialoside as Inhibitor of Influenza C Virus Hemagglutinin (1992)

N-acrylolated thioglycosides of sialic acid, for example 1, can be treated with acrylamide to give glycopolymers. These new thioglycosides hinder the adhesion of influenza C virus to the host cell, but are resistant to viral esterases, which makes them interesting in the design of medication against influenza C infections. X = S, R = H, R′ = Me.
HIV nucleocapsid protein. Expression in Escherichia coli, purification, and characterization (1993)

The single-stranded nucleocapsid protein that coats the RNA genome of human immunodeficiency virus within the virion core has been produced in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The mature 55-amino acid protein, normally generated from the gag polyprotein precursor by HIV protease-catalyzed processing of both its amino and carboxyl termini, was produced in E. coli with authentic termini directly, without the need for processing. The protein was purified 30-fold to apparent homogeneity, as determined by both amino acid analysis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sequencing of each terminus of the purified protein indicated that no proteolytic degradation occurred. A molar extinction coefficient (epsilon 280 = 8350 cm-1 M-1) was determined. The purified nucleocapsid protein binds tightly to single-stranded RNA as judged by a nitrocellulose filter binding assay. A binding constant (Kw) of 1 x 10(8) M-1 was calculated. Using fluorescence quenching of nucleocapsid protein upon RNA binding as an assay, a binding site size of seven nucleotides was determined. These results contrast to a larger 15-nucleotide site measured by others for a larger form of nucleocapsid protein-containing sequences from its immature precursor. The possible relevance of these findings are discussed.