gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An analysis of bailer movements responsible for gill ventilation in the crab,<i>cancer novae‐zelandiae</i> (1973)

The movements of the bailer during normal ventilation can be resolved into two components, a cycle of pronation and supination being superimposed on a cycle of protraction and retraction. Pronation leads protraction with a phase angle of about 90° in a normal cycle. Pronation is accompanied by flexion of the bailer. The skeletal anatomy of the bailer is such as to restrict movements of the bailer to those described above. Further the pronated and supinated positions of the limb represent the two stable positions of a skeletal click mechanism, the operation of which may help to resolve the functional duality of the promotor and remotor muscles. This functional duality arises because the muscles are positioned so as to produce either protraction or supination of the limb. Other muscles in the limb are monofunctional. The bulk of muscle tissue responsible for protraction and supination seems to be greater than that responsible for pronation and retraction. The sequence of muscular activity during the ventilation cycle follows that expected for a sequence, of protraction, supination, retraction and pronation. Overlap in the periods of activity of the bifunctional muscles and muscles responsible for pronation may also help to resolve the functional duality of the former. The amplitude of bailer excursion (protraction‐retraction) is not greatly affected by changes in frequency. An advance in the onset of activity in some muscles at higher ventilation • frequencies suggests that the system is tailored to produce a constant beat amplitude at all frequencies. Pauses in ventilation occur with the bailer in the retracted position, and it is maintained in this position by tonic activity in the appropriate muscle. During normal ventilation the relative contraction duration of this muscle is positively correlated with cycle period, so that pauses apparently represent a prolongation of the normal retracted phase. The relative contraction durations of some other muscles are negatively correlated with cycle period. The different signs of these correlations may be related to the type of endogenous oscillator present in the central nervous system.
Configuring buffer pools in DB2 UDB (2002)

Database Management Systems (DBMSs) use a main memory area as a to reduce the number of disk accesses performed by a transaction. DB2 Universal Database divides the area into a number of independent pools and each database object (table or index) is assigned to a specific pool. The tasks of configuring the pools, which defines the mapping of database objects to pools and setting a size for each of the pools, is crucial for achieving optimal performance.Mapping database objects to pools, which we refer to as the buffer pool configuration is the focus of this paper. Mapping database objects to pools can be viewed as a partitioning problem, that is, we partition the database objects into groups where each group is assigned a separate pool. The partitioning of objects is based on how the objects are used and on the inherent properties of objects. We present an approach to the configuration problem based on analyzing the access behaviour of a given database workload to the set of database objects. The approach is demonstrated with a typical OLTP workload.
A step closer towards maintenance free gear (2011)

A difficult to predict electrical failure is the continuity failure. Pressure junctions are common problem sources for continuity failures. Available tools to search for pressure junction problems include low resistance testing, temperature monitoring using physical contact between sensor and heated part, pyrometer temperature monitoring, infrared photography and visual inspection. While each method is effective, each of these methods has one or more disadvantages. This paper will describe a breakthrough patented method of directly calculating conductor and pressure junction impedance, resistance and reactance, using the noisy, harmonic laden, switching transient laced (in other words, normal) load current flowing through an electrical distribution system. This technique, then, provides the solution to the problem of how to detect a conductor path impedance change of only a few tens of micro-ohms using conventional protective and metering devices without the need to de-energize the equipment or without the need to inject currents.
Electrode Kinetic Study of Silver‐Ion Doping Effect in Solid‐Electrolyte Potentiometric Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor (1997)

A kinetic study of Ag electrodes on , solid electrolyte using pressure modulation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that the response to partial pressure changes is determined by a combination of a reaction process and subsequent diffusion of ions into the carbonate. This ion doping is assumed to enhance exchange kinetics at the carbonate/electrode interface and to be responsible for the observed improved gas‐sensing performance.
Electromyography and sonomyography analysis of the tibialis anterior: a cross sectional study (2014)

There is a significant relationship and degree of contribution between EMG and SMG variables during isotonic contractions of the TA muscle. Our results suggest that EMG and SMG can be feasible tools for monitoring and assessment of foot dorsiflexors. TA muscle parameterization and assessment is relevant in order to know that increased strength accelerates the recovery of lower limb injuries.
Botulinum a toxin for spasmodic torticollis: Multiple vs single injection points per muscle (1992)

Eighty-six injections in 49 patients with adult onset spasmodic torticollis were evaluated for efficacy with respect to single point per muscle versus multiple point per muscle injection techniques. Parameters of the syndrome assessed were pain, posture deformity, range of cervical motion, disfigurement, cervical muscle hypertrophy, activity limitation, and degree of involuntary movement. The multiple point per muscle injection strategy appeared superior to the single injection per muscle technique with respect to pain (p less than 0.002, chi-square), posture deformity (p less than 0.001), range of motion (p less than 0.001), and improvement in activity endurance (p less than 0.001). No significant differences were noted with respect to cervical muscle hypertrophy or degree of involuntary movements, although the injections were considered beneficial in both groups to these syndrome components.
Silicon-on-Glass Graphene-Functionalized Leaky Cavity Mode Nanophotonic Biosensor (2014)

Subwavelength silicon nanostructures are known to support highly localized resonant optical modes. These resonances are spectrally narrow with an electromagnetic near-field that extends significantly into the surrounding medium. Here, we demonstrate that leaky cavity mode resonances (LCMR) in periodic silicon nanowire arrays can serve as a platform for low-cost, label-free, and highly sensitive biosensing and establish a theoretical framework for the LCMR phenomenon that is consistent with experimental results. The sensors exhibit bulk refractive index sensitivities up to 213 nm/RIU. Moreover, by functionalizing the surface of silicon nanostructures with a graphene monolayer, such structures can be used to optically detect low-concentration surface adsorption events. The specific label-free detection limit using immunoglobulin G protein (IgG) is found to be on the order of 300 pM with an extracted maximum sensor resonance shift of 5.42 nm. This sensing platform holds significant promise for unraveling protein–protein interactions and offers unique opportunities for implementation of laser sensing on a single silicon photonic chip.
[Epidermal growth factor receptor of human liver cancer cells and its modulation by phorbol ester]. (1989)

Using radioligand binding assay, the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors in cells of two human liver cancer cell lines, BEL-7402 and SMMC-7721, was demonstrated. The ligand binding data were analyzed by a computer program. The dissociation constants (KD) of the ligand-receptor binding complex at equilibrium for 7402 and 7721 cells were 1.2 nM and 0.8 nM respectively, and their number of EGF receptors per cell were 6.2 x 10(4) and 2.5 x 10(4) respectively. After the treatment of cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), no change either in the affinity or in the number of EGF receptors was found in 7721 cells. However, in the case of 7402 cells, while the number of receptors, like 7721 cells, remained unchanged, the affinity of EGF receptors displayed a time dependent modulation after PMA treatment. It dropped within the first hour to a KD value of 3.0 nM and then gradually returned to the normal control value at 48 hours or even slightly higher than normal (0.95 nM) at 96 hours of treatment. The modulation or down-regulation of EGF receptors by PMA in 7402 cells was paralleled by the simultaneous inhibition of DNA synthesis in these cells as evidenced from their reduction of 3H-TdR uptake. It is not clear what is the basis for the differences found between 7402 cells and 7721 cells in their number of EGF receptors per cell and their responsiveness to PMA treatment. It might be related to their difference in autocrine secretion of alpha-transforming growth factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interframe differential coding of line spectrum frequencies (1994)

Line spectrum frequencies (LSF's) uniquely represent the linear predictive coding (LPC) filter of a speech frame. In many vocoders LSF's are used to encode the LPC parameters. In this paper, an interframe differential coding scheme is presented for the LSF's. The LSF's of the current speech frame are predicted by using both the LSF's of the previous frame and some of the LSF's of the current frame. Then, the difference resulting from prediction is quantized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Homomeric and Heteromeric Assembly of KCNQ (Kv7) K+ Channels Assayed by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence/Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer and Patch Clamp Analysis (2008)

M-type K(+) channels, consisting of KCNQ1-5 (Kv7.1-7.5) subunits, form a variety of homomeric and heteromeric channels. Whereas all the subunits can assemble into homomeric channels, the ability of the subunits to assemble into heteromultimers is highly variable. KCNQ3 is widely thought to co-assemble with several other KCNQ subtypes, whereas KCNQ1 and KCNQ2 do not. However, the existence of other subunit assemblies is not well studied. To systematically explore the heteromeric assembly of KCNQ channels in individual living cells, we performed fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between cyan fluorescent protein- and yellow fluorescent protein-tagged KCNQ subunits expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells under total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy in which excitation light only penetrates several hundred nanometers into the cell, thus isolating membrane events. We found significant FRET between homomeric subunits as expected from their functional expression in heterologous expression systems. Also as expected from previous work, robust FRET was observed between KCNQ2 and KCNQ3. KCNQ3 and KCNQ4 also showed substantial FRET as did KCNQ4 and KCNQ5. To determine functional assembly of KCNQ4/KCNQ5 heteromers, we performed two types of experiments. In the first, we constructed a mutant tetraethylammonium ion-sensitive KCNQ4 subunit and tested its assembly with KCNQ5 by patch clamp analysis of the tetraethylammonium ion sensitivity of the resulting current; however, those data were not conclusive. In the second, we co-expressed a KCNQ4 (G285S) pore mutant with KCNQ5 and found the former to act as a dominant negative, suggesting co-assembly of the two types of subunits. These data confirm that among the allowed assembly conformations are KCNQ3/4 and KCNQ4/5 heteromers.
Constant-frequency variable-speed frequency-make-up generators (1959)

EXPERIENCE obtained on constant-frequency generation systems which are installed in jet aircraft has indicated areas where improvements are needed. Examples are:
Design and Evaluation of Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Products (2002)

Any modern text on the design and evaluation of therapeutic products must place into unique perspective the nature of the eye and requirements of ophthalmic dosage forms. The eye, perhaps better than any other bodily organ, serves as a model structure for the evaluation of drug activity. In no other organ can a practitioner, without surgical or mechanical intervention, so well observe the activity of an administered drug. With such modern instrumentation as the biomicroscope (Fig. 1), the specular microscope (Fig. 2), the confocal microscope capable of viewing the singlelayered corneal endothelium, and various devices for measuring intraocular pressure, blood flow, and electroretinal response, the ophthalmologist can readily track changes in ocular structures from the cornea to the retina and monitor their function and physiology. In so doing, the ophthalmologist and diagnostic scientist often detect signs of ocular or systemic disease long before sight-threatening or certain general healththreatening disease states become intractable. With such specialized instrumentation, the practitioner can view the activity of the drug product on the entire eye or, for those products administered to the internal structure of the eye, the activity or effect of the drug product on a cell, a group of cells, or entire tissues.
Tunable multi-wavelength SOA fiber laser based on a Sagnac loop mirror using an elliptical core side-hole fiber (2007)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a tunable multi-wavelength SOA fiber laser based on a Sagnac loop mirror using elliptical core side-hole fiber. We fabricated different types of elliptical core side-hole fiber with elliptical or circular cladding shape. The measured modal birefringence of the fabricated fiber was 1.7x10(-4) (elliptical shape) and 1.16x10(-4) (circular shape), respectively. By carefully adjusting the polarization controller inside the cavity, we could obtain 18 discrete channels with SNR over 30 dB and channel spacing of 0.8 nm and 10 discrete channels with SNR over 30 dB and channel spacing of ~1.4 nm. The proposed fiber laser was rather stable and the temporal power fluctuation was less than 0.8 dB. In addition, by thermally heating the elliptical core side-hole fiber in the Sagnac loop, we could obtain a tunable multi-wavelength fiber laser.
Use of Ibuprofen in Dentistry (1999)

The management of acute pain in dentistry has several unique features. While pain during therapy is usually adequately controlled by local anaesthesia, postoperative pain control is often inadequate either because of insufficient relief of pain or because of unacceptable sideeffects. Ibuprofen is the prototype of the newer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs class of analgesics, being first introduced into clinical practice in the United States in 1974. Pharmacological intervention in the management of chronic orofacial pain is usually considered adjunctive to definitive treatment on the assumption that more definitive treatments will eventually correct the underlying pathophysiological process. Comparison of administration of ibuprofen prior to periodontal surgery versus administration immediately following surgery demonstrated that both groups experienced a significant delay in pain onset in comparison to placebo. A comprehensive review of the primary literature reveals little scientific support for the idea that the daily use of newer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs offers benefit for chronic orofacial pain.
Kinetic analysis of the amplification phase for activation and binding of C3 to encapsulated and nonencapsulated Cryptococcus neoformans (1992)

Encapsulated and nonencapsulated cryptococci exhibit quantitative and qualitative differences in their activation of the complement system. We examined the kinetics for the rapid amplification phase in which C3 was activated and bound to encapsulated cryptococci, nonencapsulated cryptococci, and zymosan particles. Yeast cells were incubated in normal human serum containing 125I-labeled C3, and bound C3 fragments were measured after 1 to 64 min of incubation. A kinetic analysis showed that the apparent first-order rate constant (k') for binding of C3 to nonencapsulated cryptococci did not differ significantly from k' for binding of C3 to zymosan particles (P greater than 0.05). However, the rate constant for binding of C3 to encapsulated cryptococci was significantly (P less than 0.001) greater than k' for binding of C3 to nonencapsulated cryptococci and zymosan particles. A plot of C3 molecules bound to encapsulated cryptococci versus time cubed was nearly linear, suggesting that accumulation of C3 in the cryptococcal capsule follows the kinetics predicted by an expanding sphere. In contrast, the plot of C3 molecules bound to nonencapsulated cryptococci or zymosan particles against time was nearly linear, but those plots against time squared or time cubed were not. This result indicates that the rate-limiting step for the addition of C3 fragments to these latter yeast cells follows the kinetics of neither the perimeter of an expanding circle nor the surface of an expanding sphere. Taken together, the results indicate that the high rate of accumulation of C3 in the cryptococcal capsule is consistent with the expected geometry of an expanding sphere of bound C3 within the three-dimensional matrix of the capsule.
Distribution of glycosaminoglycans in rat renal tubular epithelium. (1997)

Polyanionic constituents of the glomerular capillary wall have been previously shown to have a primary role in the control of glomerular filtration. In the study presented here, the distribution and biochemical nature of polyanionic constituents in proximal (PT) and distal (DT) tubules have been investigated as possible determinants of tubulointerstitial function. For histochemical localization of sialic acid, paraffin sections were treated with Arachis hypogaea lectin (PNA) before and after neuraminidase treatment. Electron microscopic characterization of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) was performed on thin LR-white sections, using cationic colloidal gold (CCG) as an histochemical probe, and GAG-degrading enzymes. Without neuraminidase, PNA binded to collecting ducts but not to PT or DT. Neuraminidase pretreatment resulted in intense PNA binding to the tubulointerstitial blood vessels but only in mild apical tubular binding, which implies a lack of sialoglycoconjugates in the tubular basolateral membranes. In contrast, all PT and DT showed intense CCG binding to basolateral, but not to apical, membranes. All basement membranes showed CCG labeling, with considerable variations in labeling densities between PT (124 +/- 8.8/micron 2) and DT (52 +/- 1.8/micron 2), as well as between tubules and Bowman's capsule (P < 0.0001). Heparinase III treatment induced an almost complete loss of CCG binding in all basement and basolateral membranes, whereas chondroitinase ABC treatment led to a lesser but significant loss (P < 0.0001). The results indicate that rat tubulointerstitium expresses polyanionic constituents, consisting mainly of heparan and chondroitin sulfate. The role of these anionic sites in tubular function has yet to be clarified.
High Dynamic Range Imaging for Dynamic Scenes (2014)

Although the currently available digital cameras typically provide 256 levels of brightness data at each pixel, a real world scenes contains a very wide range of brightness variations. High Dynamic Range (HDR) images contain wider range of brightness information than a normal image and are a new trend in photography. In the conventional method multiple photographs of same scene are captured at different exposures and then combined to produce HDR images. Clearly these methods require a still scene and are not able to produce HDR image for moving scene or moving camera. We present a method based on Spatial Varying Exposure (SVE) system. Here we capture only a single photograph of the scene but vary the exposure spatially. By this method it is possible to create the HDR image for dynamic scene by trading-off spatial resolution.
Auroral corona, February 24, 1939 (1939)

During an auroral display on the evening of February 24, 1939, a corona in Gemini was photographed from Edinburgh at 21 h 16 m GMT, using a Störmer‐Krogness camera. By projection of the photograph and the use of “nets”, the coordinates of the radiation‐point have been found to be: Height, 64°.7±1°.0, and azimuth, 18°.2±2°.0 east of south. (The extent of the uncertainty is due to the rapidly changing shape of this corona, which made it difficult to trace the rays accurately from the projection of the photograph.) The remarkably large difference between these values and those for dip and declination obtained by the slow‐run La Cour record at Eskdalemuir at 21 h 16 m (69° 55′ north of west and 13° 18′ west of north, respectively) indicates the extent of the influence of the field, at heights of a few hundred km, due to the current‐system during an intense storm.
A Virtual Reality System for the Assessment and Rehabilitation of the Activities of Daily Living (2003)

Successful rehabilitation with respect to the activities of daily living (ADL) requires accurate and effective assessment and training. A number of studies have emphasized the requirement for rehabilitation methods that are both relevant to the patient's real world environment, and that can also be transferred to other daily living tasks. Virtual reality (VR) has many advantages over other ADL rehabilitation techniques, and offers the potential to develop a human performance testing and training environment. Therefore, in this study, the virtual supermarket was developed and the possibility of using a VR system to assess and train cognitive ability in ADL investigated. This study demonstrates that VR technology offers great promise in the field of ADL training.
Effect of the specific P53 stabilizer CBS9106 on multiple myeloma (MM) (2009)

8601 Background: The mutations of P53 tumor suppressor protein are associated with progressive in Multiple Myeloma (MM), conversely, stabilization of P53 leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In this study, we examined p53 protein expression and demonstrated the effect of P53 stabilization using a novel specific P53 stabilizer CBS9106 in MM. Method: We examined P53 protein expression using Immunoblot analysis, as well as the growth inhibitory effect of CBS9106 in MM cell lines and primary tumor cells from MM patients. We also defined whether CBS9106 can overcome the growth promoting effect of exogenous cytokines and bone marrow stroma cells (BMSCs) using [3H]-thymidine uptake assay. Results: Expression of P53 protein was observed in 3/3 primary tumor cells from MM patients and 6/6 MM cell lines. CBS9106 at low nM levels triggered cytotoxicity against p53 wild type MM cell lines and primary tumor cells from MM patients, associated with phosphorylation of P53 (serine15 and 20). In contrast, CBS9106 did not affect the survival of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers at concentrations as high as 10 μM. This agent also induced G1 cell cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis associated with cleavage of caspase-3, -8, -9 and PARP. Neither growth stimulating cytokines (IL-6 and IGF-1) nor BMSCs protected against apoptotic effect of CBS9106. Moreover, we demonstrate that combination of CBS9106 with MDM2 inhibitor Nutrin3 or proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induces synergistic anti-MM activity in both P53 wild type MM cell lines and primary tumor cells from MM patients. Conclusions: Stabilizing P53 by CBS9106 represents a novel promising p53-based therapy in MM. These results provide the preclinical framework supporting evaluation of CBS9106 in clinical trials to improve patient outcome in MM. No significant financial relationships to disclose.