gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survey of Src activity and Src-related growth and migration in prostate cancer lines (2006)

2505 Prostate cancer (CaP) often develops androgen independence (AI) and proliferates uninhibited despite anti-androgen therapy. Src kinase is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates a variety of cellular functions. Previous studies have demonstrated that neuropeptide and IL-8 can activate Src kinase and stimulate AI growth in CaP cells. However, a role for Src in prostate cancer is not yet defined. We evaluated Src activation in the most commonly used CaP cell lines and the effect of a Src kinase inhibitor on proliferation and migration. Src activation and basal Src expression levels were profiled in CaP cell lines CWR22Rv1, LNCaP, PC3, DU145, and LAPC-4 in serum-free (SF), charcoal-stripped serum with minimal androgen and small molecules (CS), and regular serum (RS) conditions. CaP cell lines were treated with 62.5nM to 12μM of AZD0530, a novel Src kinase inhibitor in RS and its effects on cell growth were examined. PC3 and DU145 cell migration were assayed in Boyden Chamber in the presence of 5μM AZD0530 with laminin (LMN) and fibronectin (FN) as chemoattractants. Src expression level was found to be about the same in the CaP cell lines examined. In SF media, CWR22Rv1 has the highest relative amount activated Src, followed by DU145 and PC3. Under CS conditions, Src was activated in LNCaP, DU145, and CWR22Rv1. In RS, activated Src was observed in PC3, DU145, and LNCaP. All CaP cells treated with AZD0530 demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth in MTT proliferation assays. IC50s for growth in LNCaP, CWR22Rv1, DU145, and PC3 were 3 to 6μM, 6 to 9μM, 3 to 6μM, and 0.5 to 3μM, respectively. Cytostatic or cytostatic growth curves were observed in LNCaP treated with greater than 9μM of AZD0530. Treatment with FN and LMN increased PC3 cell migration to 246 and 225% respectively over basal levels and the addition of AZD0530 to FN and LMN decreased cell migration to 68 and 64% respectively. FN treatment increased cell migration in DU145 to 402% while adding AZD0530 to FN treatment decreased cell migration to 66%. We therefore conclude that Src may be important mediator of cell growth and migration in CaP. Rationale exists for the inhibition of Src in the treatment of androgen-independent CaP.
14-3-3σ Positively Regulates p53 and Suppresses Tumor Growth (2003)

The 14-3-3 sigma (sigma) protein, a negative regulator of the cell cycle, is a human mammary epithelium-specific marker that is downregulated in transformed mammary carcinoma cells. It has also been identified as a p53-inducible gene product involved in cell cycle checkpoint control after DNA damage. Although 14-3-3 sigma is linked to p53-regulated cell cycle checkpoint control, detailed mechanisms of how cell cycle regulation occurs remain unclear. Decreased expression of 14-3-3 sigma was recently reported in several types of carcinomas, further suggesting that the negative regulatory role of 14-3-3 sigma in the cell cycle is compromised during tumorigenesis. However, this possible tumor-suppressive role of 14-3-3 sigma has not yet been characterized. Here, we studied the link between 14-3-3 sigma activities and p53 regulation. We found that 14-3-3 sigma interacted with p53 in response to the DNA-damaging agent adriamycin. Importantly, 14-3-3 sigma expression led to stabilized expression of p53. In studying the molecular mechanism of this increased stabilization of p53, we found that 14-3-3 sigma antagonized the biological functions of Mdm2 by blocking Mdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and nuclear export. In addition, we found that 14-3-3 sigma facilitated the oligomerization of p53 and enhanced p53's transcriptional activity. As a target gene of p53, 14-3-3 sigma appears to have a positive feedback effect on p53 activity. Significantly, we also showed that overexpression of 14-3-3 sigma inhibited oncogene-activated tumorigenicity in a tetracycline-regulated 14-3-3 sigma system. These results defined an important p53 regulatory loop and suggested that 14-3-3 sigma expression can be considered for therapeutic intervention in cancers.
Reconstruction of out-of-plane cardiac displacement patterns as observed on the chest wall during various phases of ECG by capacitance transducer (1991)

The out-of-plane displacements due to cardiac action have been measured on the chest wall by an electronic distance measurement technique which is based on the variation of the capacitance between the probe and moving surface. The displacements were measured at 36 locations over the entire cardiac region along with ECG and were directly fed to an IBM PC/AT computer after A/D conversion. From these data, the displacement patterns for the whole region during the complete cardiac cycle could be reconstructed in a perspective view. The sequential analyses of the displacements shows the details of the cardiac events and the results obtained are in agreement with other techniques. The averaged displacements over various regions of the heart for normal subjects have also been presented.
Mechanism of Electromethanogenic Reduction of CO2 by a Thermophilic Methanogen (2013)

To establish a biotechnological system to convert CO2 into methane, we are trying to develop a new CO2 bio-conversion technology based on “electromethanogenesis”, a new bio-electrolysis reaction using microbially-catalyzed electrode. In this study, we characterized bio-electrochemical properties of electromethanogenic reaction by Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus strain AH, a thermophilic methanogen. The methanogen can electromethanogenically produce methane without exogenously-supplied hydrogen. In the reaction, the methanogen utilized molecular hydrogen, which was evolved by the abiotic electrochemical reaction, for the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. The current-to-methane conversion efficiency was 20% and the hydrogen evolution reaction was the rate-limiting step of the reaction.
A systematic molecular analysis of the T cell-stimulating antigens from Mycobacterium leprae with T cell clones of leprosy patients. Identification of a novel M. leprae HSP 70 fragment by M. leprae-specific T cells (1991)

Both protective immunity and immunopathology induced by mycobacteria are dependent on Ag-specific, CD4+ MHC class II-restricted T lymphocytes. The identification of Ag recognized by T cells is fundamental to the understanding of protective and pathologic immunity as well as to the design of effective immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy strategies. Although some T cell clones are known to respond to recombinant mycobacterial heat shock proteins (hsp) like hsp3 65, the specificity of most T cells has remained unknown. We therefore have undertaken a specificity analysis of 48 well defined Mycobacterium leprae- and/or Mycobacterium tuberculosis-reactive (Th-1-like) T cell clones. Most clones (n = 44) were derived from different leprosy patients, and the remainder from one healthy control. Their HLA restriction molecules were DR2, DR3, DR4, DR5, DR7, DQ, or DP. T cell clones were stimulated with large numbers (n = 20 to 40) of mycobacterial SDS-PAGE-separated fractions bound to nitrocellulose. Each clone recognized a single fraction or peak with a particular Mr range. Some of the clones (n = 7) recognized the fraction that contained the hsp 65 as confirmed with the recombinant Ag. Most clones (n = 41), however, responded to Ag other than the hsp 65. Nine clones responded to a 67- to 80-kDa fraction. Five of them responded also to an ATP-purified, 70-kDa M. leprae protein, but only one of these five (that was HLA-DR2 restricted and cross-reactive with M. tuberculosis) recognized the recombinant C-terminal half (amino acids 278-621) of the M. leprae hsp 70 molecule and also recognized the recombinant M. tuberculosis hsp 70. We therefore have used the 5' part of the M. leprae hsp 70 gene that we have cloned recently. This fragment (that encodes amino acids 6-279) was indeed recognized by the other four M. leprae-specific T cells that were all HLA-DR3 restricted and did not cross-react with the highly homologous (95%) M. tuberculosis hsp 70. These results suggest that this novel fragment is a relevant T cell-stimulating Ag for leprosy patients. A panel of other recombinant Ag, including hsp 18 was tested. The majority of T cell clones appeared to recognize antigenic fractions distinct from hsp. In conclusion, T cells of leprosy patients see a large variety of different Ag including non-hsp, and one newly recognized moiety is the N-terminal M. leprae hsp 70 fragment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ki67 antigen and PCNA proliferation markers predict survival in anorectal malignant melanoma (2002)

Ki67 and PCNA immunostaining in paraffin sections may be useful for the prediction of survival in patients with anorectal malignant melanoma. Larger studies are needed to confirm our results.
Impact and wetting behaviors of impinging microdroplets on superhydrophobic textured surfaces (2012)

The impact and wetting behaviors of impinging microdroplets on textured surfaces are investigated using high-speed imaging. Microdroplets with diameters less than 50 μm are ejected using a piezoelectric printhead with controlled Weber numbers. The impact behaviors are clearly observed, and the detailed mechanisms are explained according to the Weber number and wetting states of the impinging droplets. Moreover, the transition phenomena from bouncing to non-bouncing are clearly observed. The impalement transition, which has been explained by wetting pressures, is also examined in this study.
Human peripheral blood monocytes display surface antigens recognized by monoclonal antinuclear antibodies. (1985)

We used monoclonal anti-nuclear autoantibodies and indirect immunofluorescence to examine normal human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes for the presence of cell surface nuclear antigens. Only one monoclonal anti-histone antibody (MH-2) was found to bind to freshly isolated PBL, staining approximately 10% of large cells. However, after cells were placed into culture for 16-24 h, a high percentage (up to 60%) of large-sized cells were recognized by an anti-DNA (BWD-1) and several different antihistone monoclonal antibodies (BWH-1, MH-1, and MH-2). These antibodies recognize separate antigenic determinants on chromatin and histones extracted from chromatin. None of the monoclonal autoantibodies appeared to bind to a significant percentage of cells of relatively small cell size, either before or after culture. The histone antigen-positive cells were viable, and the monoclonal antibodies could be shown to be binding to the cell surface and not to the nucleus. Further experiments, including those using aggregated Ig to block antibody binding, strongly indicated that anti-histone antibody binding was not Fc receptor mediated. Using monoclonal antibodies specific for monocytes and T cells, and complement-mediated cytotoxicity, the cells bearing histone antigens were shown to be primarily monocytes. The appearance of histone and DNA antigen-positive cells was nearly completely inhibited by the addition of low concentrations (0.25 micrograms/ml) of cycloheximide at initiation of the cultures. In contrast, little effect on the percentage of positive cells was detected if cells were exposed to high doses of gamma irradiation before culture. These data further support the existence of cell surface nuclear antigens on selected cell subsets, which may provide insight into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and related autoimmune diseases.
Interferon‐α prevents endotoxin‐induced mortality in mice (1992)

Endotoxins, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) moieties on the bacterial cell wall, cause many of the pathological features of Gram-negative septicemia. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), primarily a product of monocyte/macrophages, has been shown to mediate many of the pathophysiological effects of endotoxin. Kupffer cells, the largest macrophage population in the body, release TNF when stimulated by LPS in vitro. A recombinant human hybrid interferon-alpha A/D (rIFN-alpha) markedly inhibited this LPS-elicited TNF production by Kupffer cells. The effects of rIFN-alpha were further tested in C57BL/6 mice receiving a lethal dose (400 micrograms/mouse) of LPS. All LPS-treated mice died within 2 days. Pretreatment with rIFN-alpha 1 h before LPS challenge improved the survival at 3 days to 22% (5/23, p < 0.04). In contrast, rIFN-alpha was more effective when administered 20 min after LPS injection, increasing the survival rate to 81% (13/16, p < 0.0001). TNF mRNA expression in the liver and spleen 50 min after LPS challenge, and plasma TNF 1.5 h after LPS were also reduced by either pretreatment or post-treatment with rIFN-alpha. Subsequently, experiments were carried out to test the efficacy of delayed rIFN-alpha treatment. A significant protective effect was still apparent when rIFN-alpha was administered 6, 10 and even 14 h (81%, 62% and 28% survival, respectively) after LPS challenge when serum TNF levels had already returned to near baseline. These experimental results suggest that rIFN-alpha might have a therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of the deleterious effects associated with endotoxemia besides mechanisms initially blocking TNF production.
Studies on Gas-Solid Heat Transfer in Cyclone Heat Exchanger (2006)

Abstract Cyclones can be used for heating solid particles where the direct contact with the gas is permitted. Since cyclones have potential applications as heat exchangers in fertilizer, polymer powder, pharmaceutical and other industries, study of cyclone as heat exchanger is deemed important. Experiments on air-solid heat transfer were carried out in a cyclone heat exchanger of 100mm inside diameter, using sand. The effects of solid feed rate (0.5-7.5g∕s), cyclone inlet air velocity (9-22m∕s), and four average particle sizes (163-460μm) on the heat transfer rate, exit solid temperature, and heat transfer coefficient have been studied. An empirical correlation has been proposed for the prediction of heat transfer coefficients based on the present experimental data. The proposed correlation predicts the heat transfer coefficients with an error of +10%to−15% for the present data and within an error of +25%to−15% for the data of other investigators.
The Multi-busbar Design: An Overview (2013)

The demand for highly efficient photovoltaic modules at low costs leads to new solar cell designs. For enhanced module efficiency the cell efficiency has to be optimized regarding later operation under module conditions. This implies that the interconnected solar cell structure has to be assessed. Commonly the solar cell itself is optimized separately.<br /><br />In this work an easy to implement cell design was investigated where the number of busbars was varied to decrease the total series resistance of the interconnected solar cell. For this study a simulation program based on the two-diode model was applied to determine the optimal efficiency of the device. Furthermore, the simulations revealed that a device with multiple busbars has a high potential in cost savings due to a reduction in metal consumption for the front side metallization. For an optimized cell structure the amount of Ag paste needed for a sufficient front side metallization could be reduced to 7 mg Ag paste for a 6 inch solar cell. In the same time the efficiency can be increased. A detailed simulation of a screen printed and stringed rear side of a multi-busbar solar cell revealed the amount of rear side pads necessary for a sufficient interconnection leading to low series resistances.
New high-precision drift-tube detectors for the ATLAS muon spectrometer (2017)

Small-diameter muon drift tube (sMDT) detectors have been developed for upgrades of the ATLAS muon spectrometer. With a tube diameter of 15 mm, they provide an about an order of magnitude higher rate capability than the present ATLAS muon tracking detectors, the MDT chambers with 30 mm tube diameter. The drift-tube design and the construction methods have been optimised for mass production and allow for complex shapes required for maximising the acceptance. A record sense wire positioning accuracy of 5 μm has been achieved with the new design. In the serial production, the wire positioning accuracy is routinely better than 10 μm. 14 new sMDT chambers are already operational in ATLAS, further 16 are under construction for installation in the 2019–2020 LHC shutdown. For the upgrade of the barrel muon spectrometer for High-Luminosity LHC, 96 sMDT chambers will be contructed between 2020 and 2024.
Regularization paths and coordinate descent (2008)

In a statistical world faced with an explosion of data, regularization has become an important ingredient. In a wide variety of problems we have many more input features than observations, and the lasso penalty and its hybrids have become increasingly useful for both feature selection and regularization. This talk presents some effective algorithms based on coordinate descent for fitting large scale regularization paths for a variety of problems.
Anaerobic Fermentation of Organic Municipal Solid Wastes for the Production of Soluble Organic Compounds (2005)

After investigating the application of the mesophilic and thermophilic processes in completely stirred, batch, and plug-flow reactors, in this study the authors consider the anaerobic fermentation of source-sorted organic municipal solid wastes in psychrophilic conditions (14−22 °C) without pH control. The pilot-scale reactor was operated in a batch mode, with a hydraulic retention time of 4−4.5 d. The production of soluble COD from the particulate matter was (on average) 0.27 gCOD per gram of total volatile solids fed to the reactor when operating with a total solids content of 20−35 g/L. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) were 15% of the soluble COD produced after 4 d of reaction. These values are far lower than those found in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, where the production of soluble COD ranged from 0.5 up to 0.9 gCOD/gTVSfed and volatile fatty acids could reach 90% of soluble COD. Further, the first-order reaction constant for the hydrolysis process, Kh, for the psychrophilic conditions was found equal to 0.11 d-1 at 20 °C, while it was in the range 0.2−0.4 d-1 when operating in mesophilic or thermophilic conditions. Conclusively, the study of the psychrophilic fermentation process allowed for completing the scenario of different options of anaerobic solid-state fermentation of organic waste. Though mesophilic and thermophilic processes resulted in being more effective in dissolution of particulate matter, psychrophilic processes can be of some interest because they are simpler and energy saving. In particular, psychrophilic processes can be useful for the production of rough soluble COD to be used, e.g., for sustaining the biological nutrients removal processes in wastewater treatment.
Rabies virus inactivation by binary ethylenimine: new method for inactivated vaccine production (1980)

The inactivation dynamics of rabies virus (PV strain) by binary ethylenimine, and the immunogenic properites and the stability of the vaccines prepared using this agent, were studied. Binary ethylenimine at a final concentration of 0.01 M was prepared wtih 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide in alkaline solutions, either separately from or in suspensions of rabies virus propagated in BHK cells. The infectivity of virus suspensions containing more than 108 plaque-forming units per 0.1 ml was inactivated in 2 h when the inactivating agent was prepared before its addition to the suspensions, and in3 h when prepared directly in the suspensions. Liquid vaccines prepared in this manner and stored at different temperatures maintained potency for 1 month at 37 degrees C and for 6 months at 4 degrees C and 22 to 25 degrees C. Lyophilized vaccine maintained its potency for 6 months at the three temperatures. The inactivated vaccine mixed with aluminum or oil adjuvant at high dilutions protected guinea pigs against challenge. This safer procedure for rabies virus inactivation offers promise for the production of effective vaccines for the immunization of dogs and cattle.
An exploration of content-driven commerce (2014)

This study explores the domain of content-driven commerce. Using a Design Science approach, the researcher identified eight implementation challenges for building a content-driven commerce solution. By collaborating with industry experts, the researcher then developed a Go-To-Market plan for the joint proposition and identified key benefits of content-driven commerce. These findings were validated by experts in two focus groups - one group discussed the design challenges of integrating content and commerce systems and the other the value businesses gain from implementing them. The final results of this study represent new knowledge about the domain of content-driven commerce.
Tocilizumab as monotherapy or in combination with nonbiologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs: Twenty‐four–week results of an open‐label, clinical practice study (2012)

The safety findings in this study were consistent with the previously identified safety profile of TCZ. TCZ had an AE profile consistent with prior randomized blinded studies and was effective when administered as either monotherapy or in combination with DMARDs for the treatment of RA.
Silicon-on-insulator 'gate-all-around' MOS device (2002)

The total-dose radiation hardness of MOS devices is roughly inversely proportional to the square of the thickness of the oxide layers in contact with the silicon. In SOI (silicon-on-insulator) devices, the silicon layer sits on an oxide layer of typically 400 nm. It is proposed that a thin, gate-quality oxide can be realized at the front as well as the back of the devices, which should greatly enhance the radiation hardness. Double-gate devices (i.e. the same gate at the front and the back of the device) have been shown to have, at least theoretically, interesting short-channel and high transconductance properties. The only reported realization of such a device used a complicated, highly non-planar process (vertical devices) and left one edge of the device in contact with a thick oxide, which can be detrimental to rad-hard performances. Fabrication processes and device performances are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Ultrastable and uniform EUV and UV detectors</title> (2000)

The large imaging format, high sensitivity, compact size, and ease of operation of silicon-based sensors have led instrument designers to choose them for most visible-light imagers and spectrometers for space-based applications. This will probably remain the case in the near future. In fact, technologies presently under development will tend to strengthen the position of the silicon-based sensors. CCD-CMOS hybrids currently being developed may combine the advantages of both imagers and new high-gain amplifiers and could permit photon- counting sensitivity even in large-format imagers. Back- illumination potentially enables silicon detectors to be used for photometry and imaging applications for which front- illuminated devices are poorly suited. Successful detection by back illumination requires treatment of the back surface using techniques such as delta doping. Delta-doped CCDs were developed at the Microdevices Laboratory at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 1992. Using molecular beam epitaxy, fully- processed thinned CCDs are modified for UV enhancement by growing 2.5 nm of boron-doped silicon on the back surface. Named delta-doped CCDs because of the sharply-spiked dopant profile in the thin epitaxial layer, these devices exhibit stable and uniform 100% internal quantum efficiency without hysteresis in the visible and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. In this paper we will discuss the performance of delta-doped CCDs in UV and EUV, applicability to electron- bombarded CCD (EBCCD), our in-house thinning capability, and bonding approaches for producing flat focal plane arrays. Recent activities on the extension of delta-doping to other imaging technologies will also be presented.