gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Activity of Minor Polyphenolic and Nonpolyphenolic Constituents of Olive Oil Against <i>In Vitro</i> Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation (2002)

The minor polyphenolic and nonpolyphenolic constituents of olive oil were examined, in various doses, against copper ion-induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and were found, in optimal doses (final concentration, 10 microM or 20 microM), to have remarkable biological activity, contributing to that previously reported for the major phenolic compounds. The main phytosterols, beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol, were found to have 43.8%, 37.3%, and 33.4% LDL mean protection (MP) activity, respectively, while free cholesterol exhibited 43.2% MP. The triterpenoid derivative compounds, ursolic acid, uvaol, and oleanolic acid, had similar MP activities of 50.5%, 46.8%, and 46.0%, respectively. Tocopherol (Toc) isomers exhibited an increasing effect in the following order: alpha-Toc (33.6%) < beta-Toc (36.1%) < gamma-Toc (42.9%) < delta-Toc (46.0%). The flavonoid polyphenols, quercetin, luteolin, and rutin, exhibited the highest activities--46.8%, 49.5%, and 53.7% MP, respectively, comparable to the 49.0% MP activity found for oleuropein. These findings indicate the relative independence of LDL protection activity in regard to structural differences among the involved compounds. A relation to the Mediterranean diet is also demonstrated.
Fast Color-Independent Ball Detection for Mobile Robots (2004)

This paper presents a novel scheme for fast color invariant ball detection in the RoboCup context. Edge filtered camera images serve as an input for an Ada Boost learning procedure that constructs a cascade of classification and regression trees (CARTs). Our system is capable to detect different soccer balls in the RoboCup and other environments. The resulting approach for object classification is real-time capable and reliable.
Regulation of GPCRs by Endocytic Membrane Trafficking and Its Potential Implications (2007)

The endocytic pathway tightly controls the activity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Ligand-induced endocytosis can drive receptors into divergent lysosomal and recycling pathways, producing essentially opposite effects on the strength and duration of cellular signaling via heterotrimeric G proteins, and may also promote distinct signaling events from intracellular membranes. This chapter reviews recent developments toward understanding the molecular machinery and functional implications of GPCR sorting in the endocytic pathway, focusing on mammalian GPCRs whose ligand-induced endocytosis is mediated primarily by clathrin-coated pits. Lysosomal sorting of a number of GPCRs occurs via a highly conserved mechanism requiring covalent tagging of receptors with ubiquitin. There is increasing evidence that additional, noncovalent mechanisms control the sorting of endocytosed GPCRs to lysosomes in mammalian cells. Recycling of several GPCRs to the plasma membrane is also specifically sorted, via a mechanism requiring both receptor-specific and shared sorting proteins. The current data reveal an unprecedented degree of specificity and plasticity in the cellular regulation of mammalian GPCRs by endocytic membrane trafficking. These developments have fundamental implications for GPCR pharmacology, and suggest new mechanisms that could be exploited in GPCR-directed pharmacotherapy.
<title>Neural network vision integration with learning</title> (1991)

A neural network approach for combining processing of multiple early vision modules is described. Several energy functions are defined for computing intensity contours, optical flow, and stereo disparity. Hopfield neural networks are used for function minimization with continuation on the sigmoid gain function to avoid local minima. New vision integration approaches are developed by extending the work of Poggio and Gamble to include cooperative interactions between different vision modules and Hebbian learning of vision module coupling weights. Resulting algorithms facilitate fast, robust image segmentation and provide a nexus for recognition.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Herb use and necrodegenerative hepatitis. (1976)

Twelve patients with herbally-induced hepatitis are described and the clinicopathological features of their illness, which seem to present a recognisable spectrum, are discussed. The nature and the severity of the histological changes seem to correlate with the clinical manifestations and the immediate prognosis. Laboratory tests, especially liver function studies, are of limited diagnostic and prognostic value. The plants which contain the responsible toxins, have been identified in this country and in other parts of Southern Africa. A short list is provided of, apparently, the commonest medicinal plants in Lesotho. Many more toxic plants, however, are used in food and in diverse traditional medications. Senecio species are the principal source of hepatotoxic alkoloids, especially pyrrolizidines. Experimental studies ann evidence of similar disorders in animals, have thrown some light on the pathogenic mechanisms of these hepatotoxic and possibly hepatocarcinogenic agents. The disease in humans probably results from a combination of factors.
Formation and properties of L-glutaminase and L-asparaginase activities in Pichia polymorpha. (1980)

An ascogenous yeast with high potentialities for L-glutaminase and L-asparaginase formation was isolated from Egyptian soils by the application of the culture enrichment method. The organism, identified as Pichia polymorpha, was obtained through the enrichment of soil samples with a simple medium containing 0.5% L-glutaminase as a major carbon and nitrogen source at low pH values. The amidase activities were produced constitutively on a variety of media irrespective of the presence of their substrates in the growth medium. Assays of enzyme activity have revealed that optimum pH values for L-glutamine and L-asparagine hydrolysis are 6.0 and 6.7, respectively. The L-asparaginase activity of the cells was heat-stable for at least 10 minutes at 60 degrees C. The enzyme exhibited apparent Km of 1.37 x 10(-2) M and 1.95 x 10(-2) M for L-asparagine and L-glutamine, respectively. No metal requirement were detected for the amidase activities of the organism under study.
Neuere Methoden der präparativen organischen Chemie II. 12. Die Einführung von Substituenten in den Pyridin‐Ring (1958)

Abstract Der Pyridin‐Ring läßt sich nur schwer substituieren, da der aromatisch gebundene Ringstickstoff wie ein Substituent zweiter Ordnung die Reaktionsfähigkeit der Molekel stark herabsetzt. Ein elektrophiler Substituent tritt daher nur bei hohen Temperaturen und langen Reaktionszeiten ausschließlich in die 3‐ bzw. 5‐Stellung ein. Die Umsetzung mit nucleophilen Partnern ist dagegen wesentlich leichter möglich und führt überwiegend zu einer Substitution der 2‐Stellung. Isomerengemische treten auf, wenn man Pyridin mit Radikalen reagieren läßt. Zur Substitution der 4‐Stellung des Pyridin‐Kerns finden vor allem Pyridiniumsalze, 4‐Pyridyl‐pyridiniumsalze und Pyridin‐N‐oxyde Verwendung.
Improvement of Noise Characteristics in Super-Resolution Near-Field Structure Disc (2005)

The research interest in super-resolution near-field structure (Super-RENS) technology is shifting from the signal intensity (carrier-to-noise ratio, CNR) to the signal uniformity (jitter or bER). To achieve uniform signal characteristics, it is important to reduce signal fluctuation in the super-RENS disc. In this study, we investigated the relationship between signal fluctuation and low-frequency noise (LFN), and analyzed the LFN increase in recording and readout processes. It was found that signal fluctuation had a close relationship with LFN. It was also found that certain recorded mark shapes, such a bubble shape, and high readout power increased the LFN during recording and readout processes of a super-RENS disc. Therefore, using non bubble-type recording material and low super-resolution readout material, we markedly improved the LFN of a super-RENS disc.
Design of highly selective microstrip bandpass filters with a single pair of attenuation poles at finite frequencies (2000)

This paper presents the design of a class of highly selective microstrip bandpass filters that consist of microstrip open-loop resonators that exhibit a single pair of attenuation poles at finite frequencies. A practical design technique for this class of filters is introduced, including tables and formulas for accurate and fast filter synthesis. Two design examples of a six-pole filter with a fractional bandwidth of 7.331% at 955 MHz and an eight-pole filter with a fractional bandwidth of 10.359% at 985 MHz are described. Theoretical and experimental results are presented. The compact size and the excellent performance of this class of filters have been demonstrated.
Multielement Neutron Activation Analysis of an Iron Ore (1981)

Multielement analysis of an iron ore from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was carried out using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. The samples were irradiated in the 100 KW Argonaut Reactor at VPI&SU. The irradiation procedure consisted of two irradiations and three gamma spectra measurements after a decay time ranging from 1.33 min to 10 days. The gamma spectra were recorded by two Ge(Li) detectors. The spectra were analysed by an off line computer program. The concentrations of the elements were calculated from the area under the specific gamma peak, activation data and the specific activity of the element. Twentyfive elements are observed to be present in the ore. The elements of major interest are, Fe, Al and Ca with 51.5%, 3.6% and 2.2% concentrations respectively.
A risk assessment model for software prototyping projects (2002)

Software prototyping processes have contributed to develop cheaper, faster and more reliable products. However, despite the advances in technology, little progress has been done in improving the management of software prototyping development projects. Research shows that 45 percent of all the causes for delayed software deliveries are related to organizational issues (Van Genuchten, 1991). This paper addresses the risk assessment issue, introducing metrics and a model that can be integrated with prototyping development processes.
Modeling part data for geometric reasoning using data abstraction and object-oriented techniques (2002)

By employing data abstraction techniques, semantic data models are developed for representing complicated and diverse types of data required for geometric reasoning in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) applications. An object-oriented part definition model is constructed based on the semantic data model, which is integrated with a CAD environment to support reasoning. The object-oriented part model is distinguished by characteristics of levels of abstraction, concise representation of a wide range of spatial and functional relationships, flexibility of construction, and modularization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laboratory (and On-Orbit) Magnetometer Calibration without Coil Facilities or Orientation Information (2025)

Magnetometer calibration is normally performed using shielded (or otherwise magnetically benign) coil facilities to provide a known uniform field. And measurements are taken with precise knowledge of sensor orientation. These facilities are expensive and can be tedious to use. A method for calibration based on field magnitude only has been developed. Accurate determination of relative orientations and relative scale factors between sensor axis requires only that the field magnitude be approximately constant. No coils or precision fixtures are needed. The method is extended to handle redundant sensitive axes, and fields of variable magnitude. The latter is of considerable interest, since it could be used to estimate drifts of scale factors or biases for instruments on-orbit.
Proton-cation translocation in tumor cell mitochondria. (1983)

The capacity of mitochondria isolated from tumor cells to conserve the transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient set up by respiration has been studied. In a K+ medium, mitochondria from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells exhibit a capacity to conserve aerobic delta microH comparable to that displayed by normal rat liver mitochondria. Mitochondria from Morris hepatoma 3924A show a decreased capacity to store delta microH+, which is principally due to lowering of delta pH. In a Na+ medium, both species of tumor mitochondria show a significant decrease of aerobic delta pH, while delta psi is the same, with respect to rat liver mitochondria. Experiments on passive swelling show that mitochondria from ascites tumor cells have an enhanced permeability to chloride salts of monovalent cations and increased activity of the Na+ (K+)-H+ exchange system of the mitochondrial membrane with respect to normal mitochondria. The enhanced activity of this system in ascites cells is also shown by the characteristics of respiration-linked proton translocation in submitochondrial particles and subsequent anaerobic proton diffusion. It is concluded that the decreased capacity of mitochondria from tumor cells to conserve aerobic delta pH is due to enhanced cyclic flow of Na+ across the membrane.
An Optical Disdrometer for Measuring Size and Velocity of Hydrometeors (2000)

The characteristics of a prototype optical disdrometer are presented. Particles are detectable in the diameter range from 0.3 to 30 mm having velocities of up to 20 m s−1. Advantages of the new system are (i) it is easy to handle, robust, and low cost, allowing a cluster of instruments to investigate the spatial and temporal fine-scale structure of precipitation; (ii) it provides reliable detection of the range of small drops; and (iii) it allows the possibility of snow measurements. Results of rain measurements are compared with data from a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer and a Hellmann rain gauge. Furthermore, some snow measurements are presented and compared with results of a research spectrometer. The overall agreement is good. The repeatability of particle size estimation was checked in the diameter range between 1.4 and 8.0 mm and yielded a standard deviation of less than 5%. For drop velocities the standard deviation varies between 25% (0.3-mm drops) and 10% (5-mm drops). The optical disdrometer can also serve as a present weather sensor, detecting and differentiating among rain, snow, drizzle, graupel, hail, and the absence of precipitation.
A new ratiometric and colorimetric chemosensor for cyanide anion based on Coumarin–hemicyanine hybrid (2012)

A hybrid coumarin-hemicyanine dye, Cou-BT, was developed as a new ratiometric and colorimetric sensor for cyanide with a sensing mechanism via nucleophilic addition of cyanide anion to the benzothiolium group. Cou-BT shows high sensitivity and selectivity for cyanide detection over other common anion species in aqueous acetonitrile solution. The calculated pseudo-first-order rate constant for cyanide anion addition was (2.13 ± 0.08) × 10(-2) s(-1) at 298 K, and the detection limit was estimated to be 0.64 μM. The DFT and TDDFT calculation results suggest that the ratiometric and colorimetric sensing behavior of Cou-BT upon its reaction with cyanide was due to the interrupted π-conjugation and blocked ICT progress.
The Twin-Arginine Translocation System: A Novel Means of Transporting Folded Proteins in Chloroplasts and Bacteria (2000)

Protein translocases have been characterised in several membrane systems and the translocation mechanisms have been shown to differ in critical respects. Nevertheless, the majority were believed to transport proteins only in a largely unfolded state, and this widespread characteristic was viewed as a likely evolutionary effort to minimise the diameter of translocation pore required. Within the last few years, however, studies on the chloroplast thylakoid membrane have revealed a novel class of protein translocase which possesses the apparently unique ability to transport fully-folded proteins across a tightly sealed energy-transducing membrane. A related system, (the twin-arginine translocation, or Tat system) has now been characterised in the Escherichia coli plasma membrane and considerations of its substrate specificity again point to its involvement in the transport of folded proteins. The emerging data suggest a critical involvement in many membranes for the biogenesis of two types of globular protein: those that are obliged to fold prior to translocation, and those that fold too tightly or rapidly for other types of protein translocase to handle.
Defense Choices and Resource Constraints: The Dilemma of the Investment-Driven Defense Budget (1986)

After five years of unprecedented growth in military spending, the defense policy of the United States has come to a dangerous crossroads. At the start of the decade, defense budget questions were debated almost exclusively in terms of threats to American security, but by 1986 fiscal issues dominated the defense debate. Most important, the built-in pressures for continued increases in defense spending of the Reagan Administration's first five defense budgets now clash directly with severe federal spending constraints. This escalating tension forces the Administration and Congress to confront basic questions about the relationship between defense policy and defense resources.
Towards modeling a variable architecture for multi-tenant SaaS-applications (2012)

A widespread business model in cloud computing is to offer software as a service (SaaS) over the Internet. Such applications are often multi-tenant aware, which means that multiple tenants share hardware and software resources of the same application instance. However, SaaS stakeholders have different or even contradictious requirements and interests: For a user, the application's quality and non-functional properties have to be maximized (e.g., choosing the fastest available algorithm for a computation at runtime). In contrast, a resource or application provider is interested in minimizing the operating costs while maximizing his profit. Finally, tenants are interested in offering a customized functionality to their users. To identify an optimal compromise for all these objectives, multiple levels of variability have to be supported by reference architectures for multi-tenant SaaS applications. In this paper, we identify requirements for such a runtime architecture addressing the individual interests of all involved stakeholders. Furthermore, we show how our existing architecture for dynamically adaptive applications can be extended for the development and operation of multi-tenant applications.
Analysis of Identity, Charge Variants, and Disulfide Isomers of Monoclonal Antibodies with Capillary Zone Electrophoresis in an Uncoated Capillary Column (2010)

A set of related capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) methods have been developed for the analysis of identity, charge variants, and disulfide isoforms of IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). These methods utilize an uncoated capillary column. The combined use of concentrated zwitterionic (e-amino-caproic acid) buffer and acid flushing was effective in minimizing the adsorption of protein to the inner wall of a bare capillary. Under these conditions, a selective and reproducible separation of multiple IgG1 and IgG2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was obtained with a long capillary column (40 cm effective length), allowing the reliable identification of different mAbs by migration time. A rapid ( approximately 10 min) and selective separation of charged variants of IgG mAbs was attained using a short capillary column (10 cm effective length). Finally, the addition of urea in the separation buffer resulted in the separation of disulfide isoforms of IgG2 mAbs by CZE. CZE methods using an uncoated capillary column offer a versatile, generic, and economical approach to the evaluation of identity, charge heterogeneity, and disulfide isoforms of IgG antibodies.
Stair Gait Classification from Kinematic Sensors (2007)

This chapter describes a compact portable measuring system which both can be used for analysing able-bodied as well as foot orthosis control. Mounting the sensors on the frontal
Molecular Adsorption‐Mediated Control over the Electrical Characteristics of Polycrystalline CdTe/CdS Solar Cells (2005)

The effect of surface treatments on p-CdTe/n-CdS solar cell performance was examined. Adsorption of organic molecules with various magnitudes and directions of the dipole moment on p-CdTe resulted in controlled changes in electron affinity and surface bond bending. Similar adsorption on CdTe in state-of-the-art p-CdTe/n-CdS solar cells changes the cell performance, and we explain this by a combination of increased series resistance and changes in light absorption and in cell photovoltage. While at this stage no improvement in performance has been found with these cell structures, which are the result of years of empirical optimization, the molecular effect on the photovoltage shows that it is possible in this way to control the photovoltaic effect at this junction. Separate optimization may well lead to improvement by inserting a dipole layer near the photovoltaic interface. Our results also show that this is even possible when dipole adsorption is performed on the complete polycrystalline thin-film cell.
Bio-supported palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck reactions (2009)

The biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles from ions has recently emerged as a novel technique for an environmentally benign recovery of heavy metals. Bacteria are known to recover palladium(0) in the form of nanoparticles that are catalytically active. However, the extent of the reactions that can be catalysed by bio-recovered palladium has not been investigated. This study demonstrates that the Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck reactions can be catalysed by bio-generated palladium nanoparticles formed on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. The results suggest that the range of applications of this catalyst can be extended to the realm of carbon–carbon bond formation in synthetic organic chemistry.
Higher-mode free-free beam micromechanical resonators (2004)

Polysilicon free-free beam micromechanical resonators based on MEMS technology operating in second and third-mode flexural vibrations have been demonstrated at frequencies as high as 102 MHz with Q's on the order of 11,500. Via strategic placement of electrodes, and careful determination of the exact support beam attachment locations that minimize anchor loss, these new resonators actually exhibit higher Q in the second mode than in the fundamental at the same frequency. Experiments to gauge the effect of variations in support beam dimensions and attachment locations on free-free beam microresonator performance show that an offset of only 0.6 /spl mu/m in the support beam attachment location results in a 7X degradation in the Q. In addition, measured temperature coefficients for second-mode free-free beam /spl mu/resonators are on the order of -13.1 ppm//spl deg/C, which is on par with that for fundamental mode resonance.