gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE PHASE ONLY TRANSFORM FOR UNSUPERVISED SURFACE DEFECT DETECTION (2011)

We present a simple, fast, and effective method to detect defects on textured surfaces. Our method is unsupervised and contains no learning stage or information on the texture being inspected. The new method is based on the Phase Only Transform (PHOT) which correspond to the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), normalized by the magnitude. The PHOT removes any regularities, at arbitrary scales, from the image while preserving only irregular patterns considered to represent defects. The localization is obtained by the inverse transform followed by adaptive thresholding using a simple standard statistical method. The main computational requirement is thus to apply the DFT on the input image. The new method is also easy to implement in a few lines of code. Despite its simplicity, the methods is shown to be effective and generic as tested on various inputs, requiring only one parameter for sensitivity. We provide theoretical justification based on a simple model and show results on various kinds of patterns. We also discuss some limitations.
Expression patterns of the steroid receptor coactivator family in human ovarian endometriosis (2011)

The present study demonstrates the expression pattern of SRCs in ovarian endometriosis. It appears that SRC-1 is predominant among the other SRC family members and colocalizes with ERα. Although further study is needed, SRC-1 may affect the transcriptional activity of ERα in human ovarian endometriosis.
Design and demonstration of a high-temperature, deployable, membrane heat-pipe radiator element (2003)

A high-temperature, deployable, membrane-heat-pipe radiator element has been demonstrated. Membrane heat pipes offer the potential for compact storage, ease of transportation, self-deployment, and a high specific radiator performance (kg/kW) for use in thermal rejection systems of space nuclear power plants. A demonstration heat pipe 8 cm wide and 100 cm long was fabricated. The heat pipe containment and wick structure were made of stainless steel, and sodium was used as the working fluid. The tests demonstrated passive deployment of the high-temperature membrane radiator, simulating a single segment in a flat array, at a temperature of 800 K. Details of test procedures and results of the tests are presented, together with a discussion of the design and development of a full-scale, segmented, high-temperature, deployable membrane heat pipe.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Autonomic interactions for control of atrial rate are maintained after SA nodal parasympathectomy (1997)

Autonomic control of atrial rate was evaluated in anesthetized dogs by electrical stimulation of stellate ganglia and/or cervical vagi before and after the intrinsic cardiac right atrial ganglionated plexus (RAGP) was injected with the nicotinic blocker hexamethonium or the membrane stabilizing chemical lidocaine, or the RAGP was surgically removed. Injections of lidocaine or hexamethonium into or surgical removal of the RAGP eliminated the bradycardia elicited by vagal stimulation without reducing the tachycardia induced by stellate stimulation. Yet, after surgical ablation of the RAGP, the tachycardia induced by sympathetic stimulation was still reduced by 94% by parasympathetic stimulation. After injections of hexamethonium or lidocaine into the RAGP were administered, the sympathetically induced tachycardia was reduced by 39 and 85%, respectively, by parasympathetic stimulation. After RAGP ablation, when atrial rate was increased by infusion of beta-adrenergic agonists, parasympathetic stimulation reduced atrial rate by 13%. Sinoatrial (SA) nodal parasympathectomy, produced by disrupting the RAGP, eliminates direct vagal control of the SA node while leaving prejunctional parasympathetic projections to sympathetic afferents innervating the SA node intact.
Investigation of the Relationship between Reverse Current of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Conduction of Bypass Diode (2012)

In the process of crystalline silicon solar cells production, there exist some solar cells whose reverse current is larger than 1.0 A because of silicon materials and process. If such solar cells are encapsulated into solar modules, hot-spot phenomenon will emerge in use. In this paper, the effect of reverse current on reliability of crystalline silicon solar modules was investigated. Based on the experiments, considering the different shaded rate of cells, the relation between reverse current of crystalline silicon solar cells and conduction of bypass diode was investigated for the first time. To avoid formation of hot spots and failure of solar modules, the reverse current should be smaller than 1.0 A for 125 mm × 125 mm monocrystalline silicon solar cells when the bias voltage is at −12 V.
<title>Mosaic-based video compression</title> (1995)

We describe a technique for video compression, based on a mosaic image representation obtained from all frames in a scene sequence, giving a panoramic view of the scene. We describe two types of mosaics, static and dynamic, which are suited for storage and transmission applications, respectively. In each case, the mosaic construction process aligns the images using a global parametric motion transformation, usually canceling the effect of camera motion on the dominant portion of the scene. The residual motions that are not compensated by the parametric motion are then analyzed for their significance and coded. The mosaic representation exploits large scale spatial and temporal correlations in image sequences. In many applications where there is significant camera motion (e.g., remote surveillance), it performs substantially better than traditional interframe compression methods, and offers the potential for very low bitrate transmission. In storage applications, such as digital libraries and video editing environments, it has the additional benefit of enabling direct access and retrieval of single frames at a time.
Component reuse through reverse engineering and semantic interface analysis (2002)

Software reuse covers the whole process of identification, representation, retrieval, adaptation and integration of reusable software components. The paper discusses the Module Integration and Adaptation Tool for Ada Components (MIATAC) approach. Building a tool to identify reusable components and effectively generate formal specifications for reusable components will make the MIATAC a more effective approach to software reuse. The Maintainer's Assistant (MA) is a reverse engineering tool using formal methods. The integration of these two tools, MA-MIATAC, will offer a new approach to components reuse.
The effect of suspended clay on ciliate population growth rates (1993)

SUMMARY Renewed batch cultures of three algivorous and one bacterivorous ciliate showed that ciliate reproductive rates increase with increasing food concentration up to an asymptote. Maximum r m values for Strobilidium gyrans, Bursaridium difficile and Euplotes eurystomus feeding on the cryptomonad alga Rhodomonas minuta were 0.87, 0.86 and 0.45 day‐ 1 , respectively, while Paramecium aurelia feeding on the bacterium Enterobactor aerogenes had an r m of 0.40 day‐ 1 . B. difficile had a food threshold (r m = 0) of 0.38 μg Cml‐ 1 and P. aurelia had a threshold of 1.6μg Cml‐ 1 . The presence of suspended fine (particle size <1 μm) and coarse (particle size 1–2μm) clay suppressed the half maximum reproductive rate of the ciliate Strobilidium gyrans by up to 69% but had no effect on B. difficile, E. eurystomus or P. aurelia . Populations of ciliates unaffected by clay may be released in situations where suspended particles negatively affect their metazooplankton predators and competitors.
In vitro rearing of parasitoids: Role of host factors in nutrition (1990)

Abstract Evidence for the role of host components in the growth and development of parasitoids is briefly reviewed, and implications concerning the development of in vitro culture media are discussed. In vitro development of the entomophagous parasitoids Eucelatoria bryani Sabrosky (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is dependent on low‐molecular‐weight host chemicals. Asparagine, but not aspartic acid, and several other free amino acids are essential dietary ingredients for E. bryani . From insect hemolymph, small, unidentified polar molecules with characteristics similar to sugars are needed for pupation of T. pretiosum . Both adaptive and nonadaptive changes likely are responsible for the dependence of parasitoids on host factors. The genetic changes have no apparent adverse effect unless the parasitoids are fed artificial media devoid of certain chemicals that are obtained in vivo from host insects. The rearing of at least several species of important entomophages to control pest insects of great economic importance is dependent on the identification of constituents from host insects and inclusion of these chemicals in artifical diets.
X-ray Scattering Studies of Mixed Langmuir Monolayers and Langmuir−Blodgett Films of a Noncentrosymmetric Porphyrin with Cadmium Arachidate (2001)

The structures of mixed Langmuir (floating) monolayers and Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) films of a phenanthroline-porphyrin with cadmium arachidate (PhenPor + CdAr) have been investigated by synchrotron X-ray grazing incidence diffraction (GIXD) and specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR). GIXD measurements of the floating monolayers showed only one peak, arising from the CdAr domains in the films, at a scattering angle of 21.5°. This is consistent with a hexagonal structure (a = 4.77 Å). The correlation length in these domains is 250 Å. GIXD measurements of the LB films, however, show two sets of diffraction features: one arises from CdAr domains with a rectangular in-plane structure (a = 7.44 Å and b = 4.90 Å) and a correlation length of 85 Å; the other is from porphyrin domains with an oblique in-plane structure (ap = 15.2 Å, bp = 8.86 Å, and γp = 80°) and a correlation length of 105 Å. These dimensions are consistent with the surface pressure−area isotherm measurements and indicate that the two components are immiscible. The thickness of the bilayer is 57 Å, and there is no correlation between the bilayers. Introduction of a trigger compound does not alter the structure of the films but slightly increases the bilayer thickness. The SXR measurements of the floating monolayers also support the suggested immiscibility of the two components in the films.
Approximation techniques for variations of the p-median problem (1995)

In this paper we investigate the genetic algorithm (GA) as a heuristic technique for obtaining near optimal solutions to location problems that are variations of the p-median problem. The results have applications in a variety of contexts including telecommunications network design.
Cytokines and pulmonary host defenses (1997)

The generation of a vigorous inflammatory response is essential for rapid clearance of microbes from the alveolar space. The magnitude of the inflammatory response is tightly controlled by host-derived cytokines, which mediate lung inflammation by serving as leukocyte chemoattractants, leukocyte activating factors, or afferent signals in the induction or regulation of other effector molecules. In this chapter, the role of specific cytokines in lung innate and adaptive immunity against bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens is reviewed. Future directions regarding the use of specific forms of immunotherapy, including compartmentalized cytokine delivery using gene therapy, as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of pneumonia are explored.
Improving STT-MRAM density through multibit error correction (2014)

STT-MRAMs are prone to data corruption due to inadvertent bit flips. Traditional methods enhance robustness at the cost of area/energy by using larger cell sizes to improve the thermal stability of the MTJ cells. This paper employs multibit error correction with DRAM-style refreshing to mitigate errors and provides a methodology for determining the optimal level of correction. A detailed analysis demonstrates that the reduction in nonvolatility requirements afforded by strong error correction translates to significantly lower area for the memory array compared to simpler ECC schemes, even when accounting for the increased overhead of error correction.
Bioinspired, roughness-induced, water and oil super-philic and super-phobic coatings prepared by adaptable layer-by-layer technique (2015)

Coatings with specific surface wetting properties are of interest for anti-fouling, anti-fogging, anti-icing, self-cleaning, anti-smudge, and oil-water separation applications. Many previous bioinspired surfaces are of limited use due to a lack of mechanical durability. Here, a layer-by-layer technique is utilized to create coatings with four combinations of water and oil repellency and affinity. An adapted layer-by-layer approach is tailored to yield specific surface properties, resulting in a durable, functional coating. This technique provides necessary flexibility to improve substrate adhesion combined with desirable surface chemistry. Polyelectrolyte binder, SiO2 nanoparticles, and silane or fluorosurfactant layers are deposited, combining surface roughness and necessary chemistry to result in four different coatings: superhydrophilic/superoleophilic, superhydrophobic/superoleophilic, superhydrophobic/superoleophobic, and superhydrophilic/superoleophobic. The superoleophobic coatings display hexadecane contact angles >150° with tilt angles <5°, whilst the superhydrophobic coatings display water contact angles >160° with tilt angles <2°. One coating combines both oleophobic and hydrophobic properties, whilst others mix and match oil and water repellency and affinity. Coating durability was examined through the use of micro/macrowear experiments. These coatings display transparency acceptable for some applications. Fabrication via this novel combination of techniques results in durable, functional coatings displaying improved performance compared to existing work where either durability or functionality is compromised.
Purchasing organization involvement in risk assessments, contingency plans, and risk management: an exploratory study (2000)

Purchasing organizations use various strategies and techniques to minimize the chance and impact of detrimental events occurring in the supply base. Supply risk assessments are a necessary first step in managing those risks. An analysis of in‐depth interviews with purchasing professionals from nine companies indicates that purchasing organizations often create contingency plans, and implement process‐improvement and buffer strategies in response to perceived supply risks discovered in assessments. Even though risk assessments, contingency plans, and risk management efforts are generally acknowledged as being important, many of those interviewed believed that there was not enough done in their organizations to mitigate supply‐related risks.
Strain and Strain Rate Matched Glass-ceramic to Metal Seals. (2017)

Abstract not provided.
Contact and force control in microassembly (2004)

This paper aims at advancing micromanipulation technology with in-situ PVDF piezoelectric force sensing and control during microassembly and packaging process. To allow close monitoring of magnitude and direction of forces (surface, friction, and assembly force) acting on micro devices during manipulation, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is used to fabricate highly sensitive 1-D and 2-D force sensors for assembly of micro devices. By using the designed force sensors with the effective signal processing techniques, the contact force/impact signal can be obtained desirably so that it greatly improves the reliability of force regulation in microassembly. Moreover, based on a new sensor-referenced control method, the force control had been implemented by employing a micromanipulator system equipped with the force sensor and its results verify the effectiveness of sensor model as well as the performance of force feedback and control system. Ultimately the technology will provide a critical and major step towards the development of automated manufacturing processes for batch assembly of micro devices.
INHERITANCE OF CYCLIC HYDROXAMATES IN <i>Zea mays</i> L. (1981)

Hydroxamic acids have been implicated in the resistance of corn (Zea mays L.) to both fungi and insects. In this study, five selected crosses were used among the four inbreds BxBx, bxbx, B49 and B37 to study inheritance of hydroxamates. Hydroxamate concentration in the parental, F 1 , F 2 and backcross generations for each cross was estimated by a rapid procedure based upon the colorimetric reaction of hydroxamates with FeCl 3 . Components of variance and estimates of heritability were obtained by the procedures of Warner (1952). F 2 and backcross data indicated that concentration of hydroxamates is controlled monogenically in the cross bxbx × BxBx and polygenically in the crosses bxbx × B49 and bxbx × B37. Estimates of gene number using the Castle-Wright formula indicated that hydroxamate concentration is conditioned in B49 and B37 by five and two loci, respectively. The addition of BxBx to either B49 or B37 increased the frequency of genotypes in F 2 with a high concentration of hydroxamates. Additive genetic variance was the most important component of the phenotypic variance and resulted in estimates of heritability from 0.64 to 0.79. However, the dominance component of variance was considerably higher for crosses involving BxBx than for the crosses bxbx × B49 and bxbx × B37.
XML Documents Clustering Using Tensor Space Model -- A Preliminary Study (2010)

A hierarchical structure is used to represent the content of the semi-structured documents such as XML and XHTML. The traditional Vector Space Model (VSM) is not sufficient to represent both the structure and the content of such web documents. Hence in this paper, we introduce a novel method of representing the XML documents in Tensor Space Model (TSM) and then utilize it for clustering. Empirical analysis shows that the proposed method is scalable for a real-life dataset as well as the factorized matrices produced from the proposed method helps to improve the quality of clusters due to the enriched document representation with both the structure and the content information.
Recent progress in solid oxide and lithium ion conducting electrolytes research (2006)

Recent material developments of fast solid oxide and lithium ion conductors are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the correlation between the composition, structure, and electrical transport properties of perovskite-type, perovskite-related, and other inorganic crystalline materials in terms of the required functional properties for practical applications, such as fuel or hydrolysis cells and batteries. The discussed materials include Sr- and Mg-doped LaGaO3, Ba2In2O5, Bi4V2O11, RE-doped CeO2, (Li,La,)TiO3, Li3La3La3Nb2O12 (M=Nb, Ta), and Na super-ionic conductor-type phosphate. Critical problems with regard to the development of practically useful devices are discussed.
Cytomegalovirus infection induces high levels of cyclins, phosphorylated Rb, and p53, leading to cell cycle arrest (1995)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection stimulates cellular DNA synthesis and causes chromosomal damage. Because such events likely affect cellular proliferation, we investigated the impact of HCMV infection on key components of the cell cycle. Early after infection, HCMV induced elevated levels of cyclin E, cyclin E-associated kinase activity, and two tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). The steady-state concentration of Rb continued to rise throughout the infection, with most of the protein remaining in the highly phosphorylated form. At early times, HCMV infection also induced cyclin B accumulation, which was associated with a significant increase in mitosis-promoting factor activity as the infection progresses. In contrast, the levels of cyclin A and cyclin A-associated kinase activity increased only at late times in the infection, and the kinetics were delayed relative to those for cyclins E and B. Analysis of the cellular DNA content in the infected cells by flow cytometry showed a progressive shift of the cells from the G1 to the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, leading to an accumulation of aneuploid cells at late times. We propose that these HCMV-mediated perturbations result in cell cycle arrest in G2/M.
Analysis of the activity and phosphorylation of the lck protein in lymphoid cells. (1989)

p56lck, the tyrosine protein kinase encoded by the lck gene, is expressed at a 40-fold elevated level in the LSTRA cell line. This is associated with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. We have asked here whether the increased tyrosine protein phosphorylation is due to an altered activity of the protein or to the unusually high level of p56lck. In vitro protein kinase assays showed that neither the specific activity nor the affinity of p56lck for two different substrates was abnormal in LSTRA cells. Additionally, analysis of the phosphorylation of p56lck in LSTRA and other cell lines showed that the protein was phosphorylated extensively at a negative-regulatory site, Tyr 505, in all of the cells examined. Since the primary structure of the p56lck expressed at a high level in LSTRA cells is the same as that found in normal thymus and we found no evidence of activation of the protein by dephosphorylation, it appears that high levels of p56lck can induce increased tyrosine protein phosphorylation in lymphoid cells. In contrast, high levels of the closely related protein, p60c-src have no significant effect on tyrosine protein phosphorylation in fibroblasts. The regulation of the protein kinase activity of p56lck in lymphoid cells may therefore differ from the regulation of p60c-src in fibroblasts.
Current distribution and input impedance of printed dipoles (1981)

Printed dipole antennas find increasing use in microwave as well as far infrared frequencies. The current distribution, input impedance, and radiation pattern are computed for wire antennas printed on a dielectric substrate. The current distribution is obtained by solving Pocklington's equation by moment methods. The Green's function pertinent to the problem involves improper Sommerfeld-type integrals. These integrals are computed by a real-axis integration technique which involves analytical and numerical steps. The effect of surface modes is carefully taken into account.
Myosin Heavy-Chain Fragments and Cardiac Troponins in the Serum in Rhabdomyolysis (1995)

The measurement of myosin heavy-chain fragments was useful in the diagnosis of previous rhabdomyolysis up to 12 days. The role of TnT was negligible as an indicator of cardiac muscle damage in patients with severe rhabdomyolysis. Cardiac TnI is a more tissue-specific marker for myocardial damage even with concurrent rhabdomyolysis.