gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopic Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles (2012)

ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized by precipitation method from Zinc nitrate. The powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, UV-vis optical absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy analyses. XRD patterns showed that ZnO nanoparticles have hexagonal unit cell structure. SEM and TEM pictures reveal the morphology and particle size of prepared ZnO nanoparticles. The UV-vis absorption spectrum shows an absorption band at 355 nm due to ZnO nanoparticles. The photoluminescence spectrum exhibits two emission peaks one at 392 nm corresponding to band gap excitonic emission and another located at 520 nm due to the presence of singly ionized oxygen vacancies. The synthesis method has potential for application in manufacturing units due to ease processing and more economical reagents.
Intrathecal Gabapentin to Treat Chronic Intractable Noncancer Pain (2013)

Twenty-two days of intrathecal gabapentin did not demonstrate statistically significant or clinically meaningful analgesic effects. The study sponsor has no current plans for further studies. Drug-related adverse events were similar to those for oral gabapentin. Most device-related adverse events resulted from the implant surgery or anesthesia.
Transglutaminases catalyze cross-linking of plasminogen to fibronectin and human endothelial cells. (1993)

We have previously reported that apolipoprotein (a) is a substrate for transglutaminases. We now demonstrate that plasminogen which is homologous to apolipoprotein (a), is also modified by these enzymes. Transglutaminases from different sources mediated the incorporation of monodansyl-cadaverine into plasminogen, indicating the presence of reactive glutamine(s) in plasminogen. Reactive lysines were also identified using the lysine-decorating peptide dansyl-PGGQQIV. In addition, transglutaminases catalyzed the formation of plasminogen homopolymers and plasminogen-fibronectin heteropolymers. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cross-linked plasminogen into high molecular mass aggregates. Cross-linked plasminogen was cell associated, and no cross-linking of plasminogen was seen in the fluid-phase. Large molecular mass plasminogen generated on the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) surface could not be eluted with epsilon-aminocapoic acid and was activatable by tissue plasminogen activator. These results suggest that, following non-covalent association of plasminogen with the HUVEC surface, cell surface-associated transglutaminase catalyzes cross-linking of plasminogen into large molecular mass aggregates that can be converted into functional plasmin. It is proposed that transglutaminases may function to localize plasminogen to cell surfaces and matrices of tissues.
Drug-induced reductions in ethanol intake in alcohol preferring and Fawn-Hooded rats. (1991)

The ethanol intake of Fawn-Hooded rats, a serotonin deficient strain, was examined under a two bottle choice between ethanol (10%) and tap water. The Fawn-Hooded rats drank as much ethanol as the alcohol preferring strain of rats (approximately 6 times that of the control Wistar rats), but drank more fluid and ate more. In general, direct and indirect serotonin agonists, reduced ethanol intake to a smaller degree in the Fawn-Hooded rats compared to the P rats. In contrast the centrally acting antimuscarinic scopolamine reduced ethanol intake to a similar degree in the two strains.
Knolvossestaart (Alopecurus bulbosus Gouan) in Noord-Holland — Fig. 1 (1996)

Knolvossestaart ( Alopecurus bulbosus Gouan) is de afgelopen decennia sterk achteruit gegaan. De Atlas van de Nederlandse Flora vermeldt een achteruitgang van 116 naar 61 uurhokken. FLORBASE-1, met daarin de gegevens uit de periode 1975 tot en met 1993, vermeldt de soort voor 31 uurhokken waaronder slechts 1 vindplaats in Noord-Holland, namelijk op Texel.\nAanleiding voor het onderzoek naar de recente verspreiding zijn de 2 recente vondsten uit 1994 bij Groet, waarvan 1 tijdens het daar gehouden FLORON-kamp.
The function of polymers in the tape casting of alumina (1992)

Polymeric additivess have a great influence on the processing parameters in the produciton of high‐performance ceramics. The various types of additives are described and the interactions between the organic additives and the inorganic ceramic powders, some examples of which are shown in the figure, are examined with emphasis on one of the most important ceramic forming processes. magnified image
Frame-rate spatial referencing based on invariant indexing and alignment with application to online retinal image registration (2003)

This paper describes an algorithm to continually and accurately estimate the absolute location of a diagnostic or surgical tool (such as a laser) pointed at the human retina, from a series of image frames. We treat the problem as a registration problem using diagnostic images to build a spatial map of the retina and then registering each online image against this map. Since the image location where the laser strikes the retina is easily found, this registration determines the position of the laser in the global coordinate system defined by the spatial map. For each online image, the algorithm computes similarity invariants, locally valid despite the curved nature of the retina, from constellations of vascular landmarks. These are detected using a high-speed algorithm that iteratively traces the blood vessel structure. Invariant indexing establishes initial correspondences between landmarks from the online image and landmarks stored in the spatial map. Robust alignment and verification steps extend the similarity transformation computed from these initial correspondences to a global, high-order transformation. In initial experimentation, the method has achieved 100 percent success on 1024 /spl times/ 1024 retina images. With a version of the tracing algorithm optimized for speed on 512 /spl times/ 512 images, the computation time is only 51 milliseconds per image on a 900MHz PentiumIII processor and a 97 percent success rate is achieved. The median registration error in either case is about 1 pixel.
Three‐Dimensional Calculation of Current Distribution in Electrodeposition on Patterned Cathode with Auxiliary Electrode (1996)

A three‐dimensional model has been developed to predict the current distribution on a patterned cathode with an auxiliary electrode. The solution for the three‐dimensional Laplace equation has been obtained by a boundary element method using a linear element of trigonal type. Integrals with singularity due to the fundamental solution have been analytically computed. This model suggests the optimum size of an auxiliary electrode, which minimizes the thickness variation through the entire area of the rectangular cathode for electrodeposition onto a lithographically patterned substrate.
FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS 64. POTASSIUM IONIZATION OF DESORBED SPECIES (K<sup>+</sup>IDS) OF 2(2-HYDROXYPHENYL)2H-BENZOTRIAZOLES (2000)

Mass spectrometry using the potassium ionization of desorbed species (K+IDS) technique was found to be an unusually fruitful method to characterize 2(2-hydroxyphenyl)2H-benzotriazole derivatives. This class of compounds has the proper molecular weight range of 200 up to more than 1000 daltons (Da) and the proper volatility to show readily desirable concentrations in the mass spectrometer. This class of compounds is stable under the conditions of measurement which allows the determination of their purity. 2(2-Hydroxyphenyl)2H-benzotriazoles have recently been used most extensively for the ultraviolet stabilization of polymeric materials. In this work, over 100 2(2-hydroxyphenyl)2H-benzotriazoles have been characterized by K+IDS mass spectrometry.
Determination of dip and anisotropy from transient triaxial induction measurements (2012)

ABSTRACT The dip and anisotropy of an anisotropic formation were algebraically determined from the transient triaxial induction data without inversion. The time-dependent apparent dip and the apparent anisotropy, algebraically defined from the triaxial transient induction measurements, were applied in a two-layer formation. The apparent dip yielded the true dip in an anisotropic formation, as well as in layered formations, though it yielded the zero dip in an isotropic formation. At early time the apparent anisotropy yielded the true anisotropy of the layer on which the induction tool was located, and at later time the macroscopic anisotropy for a larger volume of investigation. The distance to the layer interface was identified by the transition time when the apparent dip and the apparent anisotropy change the values.
Procollagen secretion meets the minimum requirements for the rate-controlling step in the ascorbate induction of procollagen synthesis. (1985)

Ascorbate addition to primary avian tendon cells has been shown previously to cause a approximately 6-fold increase in procollagen translation that is first observable after 4 h and reaches a maximum level after 48 h. Similarly, procollagen mRNA has been shown to increase after ascorbate addition by approximately 6-fold starting at 12 h and reaching a maximum level by 72 h. The rate constant for procollagen secretion is now shown to also react to ascorbate by a 6-fold change. This results in a drop in the half-life of procollagen within the cell from 120 to 20 min. In sharp contrast to the other steps in the procollagen pathway, the change in the secretion rate constant is extremely fast occurring in less than 30 min. Moreover, after ascorbate addition, greater than 80% of the internal procollagen can be secreted at the fast rate. Since this change results from an increase in hydroxylation of proline residues and since the hydroxylation reaction has been localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, this evidence strongly supports the model that the slow step in the secretion pathway is transport out of the endoplasmic reticulum. Further support for this comes from electron microscope autoradiography of [3H]proline-labeled cells where the labeled procollagen pool within the cells was highly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Tetrodotoxin for Moderate to Severe Cancer-Related Pain: A Multicentre, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Design Trial (2017)

Although underpowered, this study demonstrates a clinically important analgesic signal. TTX may provide clinically meaningful analgesia for patients who have persistent moderate to severe cancer pain despite best analgesic care. This clinical study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00725114).
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Lipophilic 1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives against Human Cancer Cell Lines (2015)

To examine the effect of hydrophobicity on the anticancer activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives, a series of compounds bearing a 2-O-alkyl-, 3-C-alkyl- or 2/3-N-morpholinoalkyl group were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against five human cancer cell lines in vitro. The cytotoxicity of these derivatives was assayed against HT-29, SW480, HepG2, MCF-7 and HL-60 cells by the MTT assay. Among them, 2-hydroxy-3-farnesyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (11a) was found to be the most cytotoxic against these cell lines. Our results showed that the effectiveness of compound 11a may be attributed to its suppression of the survival of HT-29. Secondly, in the Hoechst 33258 staining test, compound 11a-treated cells exhibited nuclear condensation typical of apoptosis. Additionally, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry indicated that compound 11a arrested HT-29 cells in the S phase. Furthermore, cell death detected by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining showed that compound 11a efficiently induced apoptosis of HT-29 in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, compound 11a effectively inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and may be a potent anticancer agent.
Cytosolic Concentration of Ca 2+ Regulates the Plasma Membrane H + -ATPase in Guard Cells of Fava Bean (1995)

Toshinori Kinoshita, Mitsuo Nishimura, Ken-ichiro Shimazaki, Cytosolic Concentration of Ca2⁺ Regulates the Plasma Membrane H⁺-ATPase in Guard Cells of Fava Bean, The Plant Cell, Vol. 7, No. 8 (Aug., 1995), pp. 1333-1342
Steering acoustic surface waves by nonlinear mixing (1972)

We report the generation of difference-frequency acoustic surface waves by the nonlinear interaction of intersecting noncollinear surface-wave beams on [111]-cut bismuth germanium oxide, a material of suitable anisotropy. The wave vector of the mixed-frequency beam can be steered over a range of angles by varying the frequency ratio of the input beams. Agreement with a coupled-mode theory is found. It is pointed out that the effect makes a number of new surface-wave devices possible.
Both Memory and CD45RA<sup>+</sup>/CD62L<sup>+</sup>Naive CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells Are Infected in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Individuals (1999)

Cellular activation is critical for the propagation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. It has been suggested that truly naive CD4(+) T cells are resistant to productive HIV-1 infection because of their constitutive resting state. Memory and naive CD4(+) T-cell subsets from 11 HIV-1-infected individuals were isolated ex vivo by a combination of magnetic bead depletion and fluorescence-activated cell sorting techniques with stringent criteria of combined expression of CD45RA and CD62L to identify naive CD4(+) T-cell subsets. In all patients HIV-1 provirus could be detected within naive CD45RA+/CD62L+ CD4(+) T cells; in addition, replication-competent HIV-1 was isolated from these cells upon CD4(+) T-cell stimulation in tissue cultures. Memory CD4(+) T cells had a median of fourfold more replication-competent virus and a median of sixfold more provirus than naive CD4(+) T cells. Overall, there was a median of 16-fold more integrated provirus identified in memory CD4(+) T cells than in naive CD4(+) T cells within a given patient. Interestingly, there was a trend toward equalization of viral loads in memory and naive CD4(+) T-cell subsets in those patients who harbored CXCR4-using (syncytium-inducing) viruses. Within any given patient, there was no selective usage of a particular coreceptor by virus isolated from memory versus naive CD4(+) T cells. Our findings suggest that naive CD4(+) T cells may be a significant viral reservoir for HIV, particularly in those patients harboring CXCR4-using viruses.
Identity-Adaptive Facial Expression Recognition through Expression Regeneration Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (2018)

Subject variation is a challenging issue for fa- cial expression recognition, especially when handling unseen subjects with small-scale lableled facial expression databases. Although transfer learning has been widely used to tackle the problem, the performance degrades on new data. In this paper, we present a novel approach (so-called IA-gen) to alleviate the issue of subject variations by regenerating expressions from any input facial images. First of all, we train conditional generative models to generate six prototypic facial expressions from any given query face image while keeping the identity related information unchanged. Generative Adversarial Networks are employed to train the conditional generative models, and each of them is designed to generate one of the prototypic facial expression images. Second, a regular CNN (FER-Net) is fine- tuned for expression classification. After the corresponding prototypic facial expressions are regenerated from each facial image, we output the last FC layer of FER-Net as features for both the input image and the generated images. Based on the minimum distance between the input image and the generated expression images in the feature space, the input image is classified as one of the prototypic expressions consequently. Our proposed method can not only alleviate the influence of inter-subject variations, but will also be flexible enough to integrate with any other FER CNNs for person-independent facial expression recognition. Our method has been evaluated on CK+, Oulu-CASIA, BU-3DFE and BU-4DFE databases, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Bacteriology of butter I. Influence of the distribution of the non-fatty constituents on the changes in bacterial content during holding (1930)

1. Unsalted butter held at 21°C. showed a rapid increase in the number of bacteria it contained, whether it was held in the normal physical condition or with the serum largely separated. In general, the multiplication of bacteria was much more rapid when the serum was separated than when it was not.\n2. Unsalted butter held at 7°C. also showed an increase in the number of bacteria contained, whether it was held in the normal physical condition or with the serum largely separated, but the increase was much less rapid than at 21°C. The multiplication was, in general, considerably more rapid when the serum was separated than when it was not.\n3. Salted butter held at 21°C. tended to decrease in bacterial content, whether it was held in the normal physical condition or with the serum largely separated. In general, it appeared that the separation of the serum increased the rate of destruction of the organisms.\n4. Salted butter held at 7°C. also tended to decrease in bacterial content, whether it was held in the normal physical condition or with the serum largely separated. At this temperature there was less of a tendency for the separation of the serum to increase the rate of destruction of the organisms than at 21°C.
A New N-Way Broadband Planar Power Combiner/Divider (2005)

A new N-way broadband planar power combiner/ divider was developed for ultra-broadband MMIC applications utilizing Dolph-Tchebycheff transmission line taper. The combiner/divider demonstrated a 5 to 18 GHz bandwidth with an insertion loss of less than 0.2 dB and an input VSWR of no more than 1.35.
Context-based detection of pedestrian crossing intention for autonomous driving in urban environments (2016)

This paper focuses on the detection of pedestrian crossing intention to improve the situation awareness for autonomous driving in urban environments. A new definition of pedestrian crossing intention is discussed, which allows self-driving vehicles to identify pedestrians, whose intended actions are relevant for the own behavior planning, at an early stage. We propose a context-based feature descriptor in combination with a SVM classifier for detecting this. The descriptor captures the movement of a pedestrian relative to the road and the spatial layout of other scene elements in a generic manner. The performance of the feature descriptor is evaluated in relation to various SVM setups. Feasibility of the approach is demonstrated with data captured on-board of a vehicle in real inner-city traffic. The evaluation of the classification results confirms, that context-based data is a promising indicator for pedestrian crossing intention and that the proposed feature descriptor is capable of representing this. It is further shown that a lack of information about the pedestrian's posture and body movement results in a delayed detection of the pedestrians changing their crossing intention when compared to a human observer.
Aldosterone Antagonist Improves Diastolic Function in Essential Hypertension (2002)

Experimental studies demonstrated that mineralocorticoid antagonists prevent or reverse myocardial fibrosis. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the aldosterone antagonist canrenone can improve left ventricular diastolic function in essential hypertension. Using digitized M-mode echocardiography and 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), we realized a prospective, randomized, controlled study on 34 never-treated essential hypertensives with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Echocardiogram and ABPM were repeated after 6 months of effective antihypertensive treatment with ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists (second evaluation) and then after a 6-month period with 17 patients randomly assigned to add canrenone 50 mg/d to the previous treatment (third evaluation). At the basal evaluation 32 patients had left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, and 2 patients had left ventricular concentric remodeling. All the patients had normal left ventricular systolic function. At the second evaluation blood pressure was reduced (P<0.0001), left ventricular mass index decreased (P<0.0001), and diastolic function improved (P<0.0001). After randomization, the canrenone and control groups had similar 24-hour blood pressure and left ventricular morpho-functional characteristics. At the third evaluation, despite unchanged blood pressure and similar decrease of left ventricular mass index, the canrenone group, compared with control group, showed a significantly greater increase in left ventricular diastolic indices. In essential hypertension, a low dose of aldosterone antagonist added to antihypertensive treatment significantly improved left ventricular diastolic function. This improvement, not accounted for by changes in blood pressure and left ventricular mass, can be therefore ascribed to a direct action of the drug on the myocardium.
Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen-Enriched Carbons in Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Supercapacitors (2006)

Carbon materials with significant nitrogen contents were investigated as the electrode materials of supercapacitors. The preparation procedure involved the polymerization of melamine in the interlayer space of template fluorine mica and carbonization at 750, 850, and 1000 °C. Some samples were also stabilized prior to carbonization. We have shown previously that these carbons possess very interesting capacitive behavior in an acidic medium despite small surface areas. High capacitance values in H2SO4 were attributed to the pseudocapacitive interactions between the protons and nitrogen atoms. This paper further discusses the results obtained in a base and an aprotic electrolyte, KOH and TEABF4/PC, respectively. Electrochemical properties were evaluated with cycling voltammetry, a galvanostatic charge/discharge technique, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. High capacitance values were obtained in proton-free KOH, and the presence of pseudocapacitive interactions between the ions of the electrolyte and the nitrogen atoms of the carbon matrix is proposed. Compared to those in sulfuric acid, greater capacitances of nonstabilized samples were obtained in KOH, i.e., for the sample carbonized at 1000 °C, the capacitance was 84.61 F/g in KOH vs 47.92 F/g in H2SO4. On the other hand, less porous but more nitrogen-rich stabilized samples gave better performances in H2SO4, i.e., 62.24 F/g in H2SO4 compared to 49.86 F/g in KOH for the sample stabilized and carbonized at 1000 °C. The sample heat-treated at 750 °C with a surface area of ca. 400 m2/g performs similarly in both electrolytes, i.e., ∼200 F/g. Significantly lower gravimetric capacitances were obtained in TEABF4/PC from the samples carbonized at 750 °C. On the other hand, the almost nonporous sample subjected to stabilization prior to carbonization at 1000 °C gave a capacitance of ∼20 F/g. Hence, we suggest that the faradaic interactions between the carbon electrode material and the electrolyte, although much less significant than those in H2SO4 and KOH, play an important role in the nonaqueous electrolyte as well. Narrow micropores were detected by CO2 adsorption/desorption, and their importance to the interpretation of capacitive behavior is also discussed.