gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Well-Defined Isocyano Analogue of HCo(CO)<sub>4</sub>. 1: Synthesis, Decomposition, and Catalytic 1,1-Hydrogenation of Isocyanides (2016)

Reported here is the synthesis and characterization of the tetrakis(m-terphenyl isocyanide)cobalt hydride HCo(CNArMes2)4 (1; ArMes2 = 2,6-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)2C6H3). Monohydride 1 serves as a well-defined isocyano analogue of the tetracarbonyl hydride HCo(CO)4. While tetrakis-phosphine analogues of HCo(CO)4 have been reported previously, these compounds have failed to exhibit a reactivity profile that can be compared and contrasted with HCo(CO)4 in a systematic fashion. Herein, HCo(CNArMes2)4 (1) is shown to be a readily accessed and reactive complex that allows for this comparison. For example, HCo(CNArMes2)4 (1) is found to decompose smoothly to the κ1-C-iminoformyl complex Co(η6-(Mes)-κ1C-C(H)NArMes2)(CNArMes2) (2). Kinetic analysis of this decomposition and that of the d1-isotopomer DCo(CNArMes2)4 (1-d1) revealed a unimolecular process characterized by a large primary kH/kD isotope effect (3.2(6)) and no dependence on the presence of free CNArMes2. These data point to rate-limiting hydride α-migration and formation of the κ1-C-iminoformyl species [Co(κ1-C-C(H)═NArMes2)(CNArMes2)3] as a critical intermediate. Indeed, ligand substitution reactions of HCo(CNArMes2)4 (1), as well as 13C-labeling experiments of the decomposition product 2, demonstrate that hydride α-migration is the dominant mechanistic feature of this system. Most notably, this behavior is in contrast with that of HCo(CO)4, for which it has been established that CO ligand dissociation is the initial mechanistic feature. Additional support for the critical role of hydride α-migration in HCo(CNArMes2)4 (1) was obtained by the development of catalytic CNArMes2 1,1-hydrogenation to form a stable and isolable methylenimine.
A new method for assessing right-sided heart pressures using encapsulated microbubbles--a preliminary report. (1985)

A new noncatheter method for measuring pressures of the right side of the heart uses specially manufactured microbubbles of carbon dioxide injected into the peripheral venous system. Sudden expansion of these bubbles in the cardiac chambers causes bubble oscillations at a frequency that is primarily a function of surrounding pressure. The oscillations are recordable by a microphone on the chest wall. The preliminary experience has been in dogs and further development is needed before we can begin clinical testing of the method. In its current form, the potential for measuring higher systolic pressures seems better than that for lower diastolic pressures.
Blood‐Brain Barrier Abnormalities in Alzheimer's Diseasea (1991)

We studied the cerebral microcirculation and the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease by assessing the glucose transporter, several functionally important enzymes, and adrenergic receptors in isolated brain microvessels that were obtained at autopsy from subjects with Alzheimer's disease and from age-matched controls. We found a marked decrease of about 50% in the density of the glucose transporter, but increased densities of beta 2- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in cerebral microvessels obtained from subjects with Alzheimer's disease. The biologic implications of these findings are discussed.
Electron Beam Welding of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass to Crystalline Zr Metal (2001)

We have tried an electron-beam welding of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass plate to a polycrystalline Zr metal one for a Zr41Ti14Cu12Ni10Be23 (at%) bulk metallic glass having an excellent glass forming ability. We have succeeded in butt-welding the bulk metallic glass and pure Zr metal plates with a thickness of 3 mm. Invisible defect or clack was detected around the bead and heat-affected zone. The bulk metallic glass around the interface kept the amorphous state. Formation of any crystalline phases except for hcp-Zr was not detected in the interface. The interface of the successfully welded sample exhibited enough toughness and joining strength to endure the bending through 90 degrees by hammering.
High resolution comparative genomic hybridisation in clinical cytogenetics (2001)

High resolution comparative genomic hybridisation (HR-CGH) is a diagnostic tool in our clinical cytogenetics laboratory. The present survey reports the results of 253 clinical cases in which 47 abnormalities were detected. Among 144 dysmorphic and mentally retarded subjects with a normal conventional karyotype, 15 (10%) had small deletions or duplications, of which 11 were interstitial. In addition, a case of mosaic trisomy 9 was detected. Among 25 dysmorphic and mentally retarded subjects carrying apparently balanced de novo translocations, four had deletions at translocation breakpoints and two had deletions elsewhere in the genome. Seventeen of 19 complex rearrangements were clarified by HR-CGH. A small supernumerary marker chromosome occurring with low frequency and the breakpoint of a mosaic r(18) case could not be clarified. Three of 19 other abnormalities could not be confirmed by HR-CGH. One was a Williams syndrome deletion and two were DiGeorge syndrome deletions, which were apparently below the resolution of HR-CGH. However, we were able to confirm Angelman and Prader-Willi syndrome deletions, which are about 3-5 Mb. We conclude that HR-CGH should be used for the evaluation of (1) dysmorphic and mentally retarded subjects where normal karyotyping has failed to show abnormalities, (2) dysmorphic and mentally retarded subjects carrying apparently balanced de novo translocations, (3) apparently balanced de novo translocations detected prenatally, and (4) for clarification of complex structural rearrangements.
Fundamentals of sequencing of difficult templates--an overview. (2006)

Despite enormous progress, the DNA sequencing of difficult regions, whether they are part of complex genomes or individual constructs, still presents a significant challenge and may require many trials, brute-force, or the intervention of a very experienced sequencer (and sometimes all of the above). Very early on, it was realized that sequencing of various types of difficult templates requires distinct treatments. To sequence through GC-rich regions, the addition of DMSO, NP-40/Tween-20 detergents, or the mix (4:1) of BD3.0:dGTP3.0 was sometimes helpful. To get through long poly-A/T tails, sometimes one would be successful using tailored poly- A/T (V/B) N primers or primers that spanned part of pre-tail and tail regions. A few years ago invitrogen introduced a set of sequencing additives that proved to be useful for many different types of difficult templates.
Acid-Catalyzed Solvolysis of CMP-<i>N</i>-Acetyl Neuraminate:  Evidence for a Sialyl Cation with a Finite Lifetime (1996)

An investigation of the mechanism of solvolysis of CMP-N-acetyl neuraminate (CMP-NeuAc) is presented that includes synthesis of a family of isotopically labeled CMP-NeuAc's, use of new methodology for measurement of multiple kinetic isotope effects for acid-catalyzed solvolysis of CMP-NeuAc, and a stereochemical analysis of the reaction by solvolysis in aqueous methanol. The CMP-NeuAc isotopomers were synthesized with the following labels: [9-3H], [1-14C-N-acetyl], [2-14C], [1-14C], and [9-3H;3,3‘-2H] in yields of 78%, 86%, 76%, 85%, and 35%, respectively. The β-dideuterium kinetic isotope effect for solvolysis at pH 5.0, 37 °C, was 1.276 ± 0.008; the primary 14C isotope effect at C2, the anomeric carbon, was 1.030 ± 0.004; and an unusually large secondary 14C KIE was observed at C1, the carboxylate carbon, of 1.037 ± 0.004. Analysis of pH versus rate data and rate versus buffer concentration data establish that the solvolytic reaction is specific acid-catalyzed. Solvolysis of CMP-NeuAc at pH 5 or pH 6 in methanol/water mixtures afforded NeuAc, equal quantities of the α- and β-methyl glycosides of NeuAc, and small amounts of the elimination product 2,3-dehydro-N-acetyl neuraminic acid. The very large β-2H KIE, small primary 14C KIE, and the large secondary 14C KIE at the carboxylate carbon are consistent with a very late oxocarbenium ion-like transition state in which the carboxylate carbon is in a looser environment than in the ground state. The observation of racemization in the solvolysis reaction supports a reaction pathway that proceeds with the formation of a sialyl cation after the transition state.
Microarray analysis of chromatin‐immunoprecipitated DNA identifies specific regions of tobacco genes associated with acetylated histones (2004)

The acetylation states of histones present on the upstream, promoter, coding or intronic regions of 88 tobacco genes were examined with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments using antibodies that recognised acetylated histone H4. The DNA sequences enriched in the immunoprecipitates were amplified by ligation-mediated PCR, labelled with Cy-dUTP and hybridised to DNA microarrays. In green tobacco shoots, histone H4 acetylation was localised to 300-600-bp sequences in the promoters or coding regions of 31 genes, or occurred extensively over several kilobase-pair regions containing the upstream, promoter and/or coding regions of 25 genes. Genes associated with high histone H4 acetylation levels at promoters were actively expressed, whereas genes depleted in acetylated histone H4 were non-transcribed or expressed at very low levels, suggesting a correlation between histone H4 acetylation and gene activity. Trichostatin A (TA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDAs), did not alter histone H4 acetylation states globally but increased acetylation levels at specific tobacco sequences, suggesting that HDAs are targeted to particular nucleosomes. Genes that were upregulated by TA were associated with increased histone H4 acetylation at promoter or coding regions, indicating that acetylation of histones on coding regions may activate transcription. Increased histone H4 acetylation leading to elevated expression was observed on genes with diverse functions, suggesting that histone H4 acetylation is involved in regulation of many plant processes.
Using a Coaxial Technique with a Curved Inner Needle for CT-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (2002)

Using a Coaxial Technique with a Curved Inner Needle for CT-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration BiopsySanjay Gupta1, Kamran Ahrar, Frank A. Morello, Jr., Michael J. Wallace, David C. Madoff and Marshall E. HicksAudio Available | Share
Spatially resolved Raman studies of diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition (1991)

The frequency and line shape of the diamond Raman line are examined in detail for a series of microwave-plasma-assisted chemical-vapor-deposition films grown on Si. The Raman lines in the films appear at higher frequency (shifts of up to 3 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) than that of natural diamond and the observed lines are symmetric with broader linewidths than that of natural diamond, ranging from 5.7 to 17.1 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. In addition, the line frequencies and linewidths are correlated; the films with the highest vibrational frequencies have the largest linewidths. The data include single-point measurements on eight films grown under different conditions as well as 500 data points from different positions on a single film that were obtained in a spatially resolved Raman experiment. Several mechanisms for the frequency shift and the correlation of the linewidth with frequency are considered including phonon confinement, residual stress, and defect scattering. Contrary to the observations, Raman line shapes computed from the phonon-confinement model (which has been used successfully to model Raman scattering in microcrystalline Si and GaAs), using phonon-dispersion curves for diamond from the literature, are highly asymmetric at the linewidths observed. It is concluded that the observed shifts in the diamond Raman line do not arise from phonon confinement alone and arise primarily from compressive stress. The line broadening also is not produced by phonon confinement alone and may arise from decreasing phonon lifetime associated with scattering from defects or from an inhomogeneous stress distribution in the films. The observed correlation between Raman line frequency and width suggests that the degree of compressive stress may be associated with the density of microcrystalline defects.
The Effect of Hygiene-Based Lymphedema Management in Lymphatic Filariasis-Endemic Areas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2015)

Available evidence strongly supports the effectiveness of hygiene-based lymphedema management in LF-endemic areas. Despite the aforementioned limitations, these findings highlight the potential to significantly reduce LF-associated morbidity and disability as well as the need to develop standardized approaches to MMDP in LF-endemic areas.
Plasma Levels of Total and Free Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) as Individual Pharmacological Parameters of Various Heparins (2001)

The release of circulating tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) into plasma by heparins is thought to contribute to their overall antithrombotic activity. In the presented study in healthy volunteers, we measured the heparin-induced increase of circulating total and free TFPI antigen and the aXa- and aIIa activity after subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 9000 aXa-U of four different heparins: unfractionated heparin (UFH) (13.0 kDa), a medium molecular weight (MW) heparin with a narrow MW range (HF) (10.5 kDa), certoparin (6.0 kDa) and enoxaparin (4.5 kDa). Based on the administration of equi-active aXa doses, certoparin induced the highest increase in total TFPI determined as AUC (p <0.01). The lowest effect was observed for UFH (p <0.0001). However, the AUC of released free TFPI significantly increased in the order: enoxaparin < UFH < certoparin < HF, showing MW dependency with the exception of UFH. Comparing the effects of equi-gravimetric heparin doses, the MW dependency becomes even more pronounced. The mismatch of UFH may be due to its poor bioavailability, which becomes obvious from its low ex vivo aXa activity. In contrast to the TFPI releasing potency, the ex vivo aXa activity continuously decreased with increasing MW. Although the ex vivo aIIa activity of the heparins increased in the same order like the release of free TFPI, there was no clear correlation. This is attributed to the fact that the aIIa activity of heparin is not only dependent on the MW, but, in contrast to its TFPI releasing effect, also on the percentage of material with high affinity to AT. In conclusion, besides the aXa- and aIIa activity, the TFPI releasing effect of heparins is an additional parameter of their individual pharmacological profile.
A Decision Support System for Performance Appraisal (2008)

Intense competition is forcing companies to develop innovative strategies to capture customer needs and improve customer satisfaction in the external business environment. Performance appraisal and employee satisfaction is high on the agenda of many companies around the world and with the growing number of improvement models now available. Employee care has to be taken to adopt an approach that will yield the modest attractive return on investment in an internal business environment. Employee performance appraisal is a subject of great interest in most organizations. This is because performance appraisal decisions have effects and consequences on workers' compensation and recognition. To deal with this performance appraisal business process, the authors proposed a Decision Support System (DSS) which consists of a mathematical model to evaluate the performance appraisal for individual and for departments in an organization. The findings of this paper provide important direction for the development of employee relation in an organization.
0.18 um modular triple self-aligned embedded split-gate flash memory (2002)

A split-gate flash memory cell has been embedded in a 0.18 um high performance CMOS logic process with copper interconnects. A novel triple self-aligned (SA3) process provides a compact cell and high degree of modularity. The entire memory cell structure is defined with one single mask in an area less than 13F/sup 2/. Source-side channel hot electron program and poly-poly tunneling erase enable low power consumption suitable for low voltage applications.
Aberration-free optical refocusing in high numerical aperture microscopy (2007)

We describe a method of optical refocusing for high numerical aperture (NA) systems that is particularly relevant for confocal and multiphoton microscopy. This method avoids the spherical aberration that is common to other optical refocusing systems. We show that aberration-free images can be obtained over an axial scan range of 70 mum for a 1.4 NA objective lens. As refocusing is implemented remotely from the specimen, this method will enable high axial scan speeds without mechanical interference between the objective lens and the specimen.
The Application of Petrophysical Data to Improve Pore and Fracture Pressure Determination in North Sea Central Graben HPHT Wells (1994)

ABSTRACT Pore and fracture pressure determinations are key considerations for the successful planning and drilling of North Sea Central Graben High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) wells. Knowledge of these downhole pressure constraints can have a significant impact on drilling safety and economics. In this paper we present recent advancements to a previously presented methodology. Pore and fracture pressure is determined using wireline or MWD petrophysical data and an effective stress approach. The results have increased our understanding of overpressure generation mechanisms and hydrocarbon migration in this basin. Most traditional pore pressure estimation methods use a shale disequilibrium compaction model for their calculations. We assess these methods and propose that excellent results can be obtained by deriving porosity from density or deep resistivity data. This porosity, together with a lithology estimation from the gamma ray, are input into an Effective Stress Loading limb (ESL) model that calculates pore and fracture pressures through all major lithologies. Along the North Sea Central Graben axis there are two distinct pressure domains. These are separated by a low porosity (&lt;5%) horizontal pressure seal within the Cretaceous Chalk Group. This seal occurs between ~3.5-4km and is independent of stratigraphic level within the chalk. Above ~3.5km, rapidly deposited Tertiary shales and Upper Cretaceous chalks are on the compactional loading limb. Here, moderate overpressures are generated by disequilibrium compaction. Below ~4km, low porosity (5-10%) Mesozoic sediments are unloaded by fluid expansion mechanisms to produce extreme overpressures. The upper limit for the pore pressure is the fracture propagation pressure. When this is exceeded, hydraulic fracturing can occur and the fluids escape, allowing the fracture to close and pressure to build again. In this environment, primary hydrocarbon migration may be largely dependent on the rate of the hydraulic fracturing formed as a consequence of the extreme fluid pressures generated by fluid expansion. An understanding of these pressure generating mechanisms, together with improved porosity determinations, has led to more accurate pore and fracture pressure determinations. Implementing the results into well planning and drilling can help avoid many of the costly pressure related problems inherent to HPHT wells.
Fractal‐shaped stepped‐impedance transformers for wideband application (2007)

Abstract Microstrip stepped‐impedance transformers using a Sierpinski fractal shape are proposed for the first time. The proposed fractal‐shaped stepped‐impedance transformers can greatly enhance the operating frequency bandwidth. Bandwidth up to 44.0% and 73.9% ( S 11 ≤−30 dB) have been achieved by the presented two‐section and three‐section fractal‐shaped maximal flat stepped‐impedance transformers, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1628–1630, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22557
[Postvaccinal reactions to the administration of a dried staphylococcal vaccine made from water-soluble antigens]. (1988)

An unequivocal regularity in local and systemic reactions to multiple (in 5 injections) administration of lyophilized staphylococcal vaccine prepared from water-soluble antigens has been established in patients and in healthy adults: the number and intensity of reaction decreased after each subsequent injection. A similar tendency has been observed in the vaccinees who were examined for their IgE levels. These data are indicative of the desensitizing action of the vaccine.
Chibby’s function in the dock (2014)

![Figure][1] 

Structured illumination microscopy shows rings of Chibby (green) and CEP164 (red) at the distal appendages of basal bodies in multiciliated tracheal cells.



Burke et al. describe how the coiled-coil protein Chibby promotes the formation of a membranous cap that helps centrioles
New developments in capital cost estimating (1988)

The new developments in cost engineering revolve around the ability to capture information that in the past could not be automated. The purpose of automation is not to eliminate the expert cost engineer. The goal is to use available technology to have more information available to the professionals in the cost engineering field. In that sense, the demand for expertise increases in order to produce the highest quality estimate and project possible from all levels of cost engineers. We cannot overemphasize the importance of using a good source of expert information in building these types of programs. ''Garbage in, garbage out'' still applies in this form of programming. Expert systems technology will become commonplace in many vertical markets; it is important to undersand what can and cannot be accomplished in our field, and where this technology will lead us in the future.