gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
City exploration by use of spatio-temporal analysis and clustering of user contributed photos (2011)

We present a technical demonstration of an online city exploration application that helps users identify interesting spots in a city by use of spatio-temporal analysis and clustering of user contributed photos. Our framework analyzes the spatial distribution of large city-centered collections of user contributed photos at different time scales in order to index the most popular spots of a city in a time-aware manner. Subsequently, the photo sets belonging to the same spatiotemporal context are clustered in order to extract representative photos for each spot. The resulting application enables users to obtain flexible summaries of the most important spots in a city given a temporal slice (time of the day, month, season). The demonstration will be based on a photo dataset covering major European cities.
Unifying Themes in DNA Replication: Reconciling Single Molecule Kinetic Studies with Structural Data on DNA Polymerases (2002)

Structural data suggest that DNA polymerases, from at least three different families, employ common strategies for carrying out DNA replication. Universal features include a large conformational change in the enzyme-template complex and a conserved active-site geometry that imposes a sharp kink at the 5 end of the template strand. Recent single molecule experiments have shown that stretching the DNA template markedly alters the rate of DNA synthesis catalyzed by these motor enzymes. From these data, it was previously inferred that T7 DNA polymerase and two related enzymes convert two or four (depending on the enzyme) single-stranded (ss) template bases to double helix geometry in the polymerase active site during each catalytic cycle. We discuss structural data on related DNA polymerases, which suggest that only one (ss) template base is contracted to dsDNA geometry during the rate-limiting step of each replication cycle. Previous interpretations relied upon the global stretching curves for DNA polymers alone (with no reference to the enzyme or the structure of the transition state). In contrast, we present a structurally guided model that presumes the force dependence of the replication rate is governed chiefly by local interactions in the immediate vicinity of the enzyme s active site. Our analysis reconciles single molecule kinetic studies with structural data on DNA polymerases.
Dominance of metastatically competent cells in primary murine breast neoplasms is necessary for distant metastatic spread (1991)

We have previously shown, using tumor cell populations genetically tagged by random integrations of plasmid DNA, that metastatically-competent clonal cell variants have a strong growth advantage within primary tumors over their non-metastatic counterparts. As a result, primary tumors can become overgrown by the progeny of such cells, a process referred to as "clonal dominance" of primary tumors by metastatically-competent cells. Because of the well-known "metastatic inefficiency" of the multi-step cascade process of spread and growth, clonal dominance within primary tumors may be necessary for distant metastatic spread or increase the probability of its occurrence. To examine this hypothesis mice were inoculated s.c. with mixture of non-metastatic and genetically tagged, metastatically-competent mouse mammary carcinoma cells in defined ratios, but always containing an excess of the unmarked non-metastatic population. Progressive overgrowth of the metastatic subpopulation was monitored as a function of time by Southern analysis of DNA obtained from mixed primary tumors. This allowed us to evaluate the effects that surgical removal of the primary tumor had before, during and after effective clonal dominance, and what influence this had on the subsequent formation of distant metastases. Surgical removal of primary tumors before metastatic clonal dominance resulted in a low (0.25%) frequency of lung metastases, whereas removal just 1 or 2 weeks later during or after clonal dominance was achieved resulted in a high (75-100%) frequency of such metastases. Our results support the hypothesis that dominance of primary tumors by metastatically competent cells may be necessary for distant metastatic spread, and also suggest that clonal interactions play a significant role in modulating the metastatic ability of tumor cells in vivo.
Accurate power control technique for handset PA modules with integrated directional couplers (2003)

This paper describes an accurate power control technique for handset PA modules (PAMs) with internal closed loop control. Our design approach is the first to include two integrated directional couplers in a handset RF PAM. It significantly improves power control accuracy over load variations. Directivity of the integrated couplers is also proved to be critical for establishing accurate power control over phase variations at high values of load VSWR. With our unique design we achieved directivity as high as 14.3 dB. When the load VSWR is equal to 6:1, we demonstrated that our design reduces output power variation to +/-1.2 dB. Under the same conditions, we measured two other major commercial modules that are not utilizing integrated directional couplers. They exhibited an output power variation of 5.5 dB.
Rapid Single-Solution Polychrome Staining of Semithin Epoxy Sections using Polyethylene Glycol 200 (PEG 200) as a Stain Solvent (1974)

Rapid, onestep polychromatic staining of 0.75-1.5 μm epoxy sections of glutaraldehyde-osmium fixed tissues can be obtained with mixtures of basic fucbsin and toluidme blue O in alkaline polyethylene glycol ZOO (PEG ZOO). Sections are attached to slides by heating at 100 C for 45 seconds and stained at that temperature for 2-3 minutes with a solution consisting of PEG 200 (50 ml), 0.2 N KOH (0.75 ml), basic fuchsin (1.7 gm), and toluidine blue O (0.3 gm). Red-blue balance and selective staining of different structures can be controlled by varying the amount of toluidine blue added. After rinsing with 10% acetone and rapid drying, sections are covered with immersion oil or mounting medium and a cover-slip. Total time from cutting of a section to finished preparation is less than 6 minutes. This staining solution is stable, does not produce precipitates on the sections, and does not wrinkle or lift the sections from the slides.
Stability Monitoring of Burning Structures Based on Fire-induced Vibration Monitoring (2011)

Monitoring stability loss in burning structures can provide firefighters with valuable information during operations. A fireinduced vibration based monitoring technique, developed under previously funded research and development efforts and in collaboration with the Building Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), has been field demonstrated in over 30 full-scale burn tests. The technique relies on the interpretation of characteristic response behavior induced in a burning structure that can be associated with changing structural conditions and stability loss. An overview of the important aspects necessary for a practical implementation in the field is presented.
Detection of Anti-Human Cell Antibodies in Sera from Macaques Immunized with Whole Inactivated Virus (1992)

More than 200 sera from macaques immunized with several different vaccine preparations were tested in various assays with cells of human and macaque origin. Only in instances where whole inactivated SIV preparations were used for immunization, were reactivities found with normal human cells, and this was the case in every instance. Such sera produced a marked clumping of several normal human cell lines and exhibited strong staining of the cell surface in FACS analysis. In the presence of SIVDeltaB670, these sera also enhanced infectivity and fusion formation. When similar tests were performed with macaque cells as targets, such phenomena were not easily discernible. Likewise, there was no trace of such activities in sera from normal animals, animals chronically infected with SIV, or in those from animals which received recombinant viral subunits as vaccines. Finally, we show that in several instances where whole inactivated virus was used as a vaccine, there is a strong correlation between the titer of anticellular activity with protection.
Short‐Term BMP‐2 Expression Is Sufficient for In Vivo Osteochondral Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2004)

Currently available murine models to evaluate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation are based on cell injection at ectopic sites such as muscle or skin. Due to the importance of environmental factors on the differentiation capacities of stem cells in vivo, we investigated whether the peculiar synovial/cartilaginous environment may influence the lineage specificity of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-engineered MSCs. To this aim, we used the C3H10T1/2-derived C9 MSCs that express BMP-2 under control of the doxycycline (Dox)-repressible promoter, Tet-Off, and showed in vitro, using the micropellet culture system that C9 MSCs kept their potential to differentiate toward chondrocytes. Implantation of C9 cells, either into the tibialis anterior muscles or into the joints of CB17-severe combined immunodeficient bg mice led to the formation of cartilage and bone filled with bone marrow as soon as day 10. However, no differentiation was observed after injection of naïve MSCs or C9 cells that were repressed to secrete BMP-2 by Dox addition. The BMP-2-induced differentiation of adult MSCs is thus independent of soluble factors present in the local environment of the synovial/cartilaginous tissues. Importantly, we demonstrated that a short-term expression of the BMP-2 growth factor is necessary and sufficient to irreversibly induce bone formation, suggesting that a stable genetic modification of MSCs is not required for stem cell-based bone/cartilage engineering.
The Influence of Odorants on Respiratory Patterns in Sleep (2009)

To assess the feasibility of using odors as a potential mechanism for treating sleep apnea, we set out to test the hypothesis that odorants delivered during sleep would modify respiratory patterns without inducing arousal or wake in healthy sleepers. We used 2 mildly trigeminal odorants: the pleasant lavender and unpleasant vetiver oil and 2 pure olfactory odorants: the pleasant vanillin and unpleasant ammonium sulfide. During sleep, an olfactometer delivered a transient odorant every 9, 12, or 15 min (randomized), providing 21-37 odorant presentations per night. Each of 36 participants was studied for 1 night and with 1 of the 4 different odorants tested. In addition to standard overnight polysomnography, we employed highly accurate measurements of nasal and oral respiration. Odorants did not increase the frequency of arousals or wake but did influence respiration. Specifically, all 4 odorants transiently decreased inhalation and increased exhalation for up to 6 breaths following odor onset. This effect persisted regardless of odorant valence or stage of sleep. These results suggest that the olfactory system may provide a path to manipulate respiration in sleep.
Effect of B content on thermal stability of nanocomposite Ti–B–N thin films (2006)

Ti–B–N thin films with different B contents were deposited on Si (100) at room temperature, followed by vacuum annealed at 400, 600, 800 and 1000°C for 1 h respectively. Effect of boron content on thermal stability was investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and nanoindentation measurements. The results indicated that incorporation of B into TiN produced a nanocomposite structure, which had a positive effect on microstructure stability. A high B content resulted in an elevated recrystallisation temperature. The hardness stability was not consistent with that of microstructure, and depended on phase configuration and composition. The films with a high as deposited hardness showed high hardness stability. Excessive or lack of amorphous phase decreased hardness stability. The residual stress value was decreased with increasing annealing temperature owing to recovery of amorphous matrix, and crystallisation of amorphous phase made its direction transform from compression to tension.
Scanning Tunneling Potentiometry/Spectroscopy (STP/STS) (1989)

We constructed a scanning tunneling potentiometry/spectroscopy (STP/STS) system which, for the first time, enables us to simultaneously obtain potential and differential conductance images at various tunneling voltages in addition to the usual topographic image. We applied this STP/STS system to the investigation of a granular surface of a variable carbon resistor. As a result, we found that potential drops at the grain boundary, some grains are conductive while others are resistive, and the grain boundaries are highly resistive in several places.
Sonogashira and “Click” reactions for the N-terminal and side-chain functionalization of peptides with [Mn(CO)3(tpm)]+-based CO releasing molecules (tpm = tris(pyrazolyl)methane) (2009)

A recently identified photoactivatable CO releasing molecule (CORM) based on [Mn(CO)(3)(tpm)](+) was conjugated to functionalized amino acids and model peptides using the Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling and the alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition ("Click reaction"). Both were found to be fully compatible with all functional groups present. The CORM-peptide conjugates were isolated in reasonable yield and high purity, as indicated by IR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry and RP-HPLC. The myoglobin assay was used to demonstrate that they have CO release properties identical those of the parent compound. This work thus opens the way for a targeted delivery of CORMs to cellular systems.
Targeting of proteins to the outer envelope membrane uses a different pathway than transport into chloroplasts. (1991)

The chloroplastic envelope is composed of two membranes, inner and outer, each with a distinct set of polypeptides. Like proteins in other chloroplastic compartments, most envelope proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and post-translationally imported into chloroplasts. Considerable knowledge has been obtained concerning protein import proteins. We isolated a cDNA clone from pea that encodes a 14-kilodalton outer envelope membrane protein. The precursor form of this protein does not possess a cleavable transit peptide and its import into isolated chloroplasts does not require either ATP or a thermolysin-sensitive component on the chloroplastic surface. These findings, together with similar observations made with a spinach chloroplastic outer membrane protein, led us to propose that proteins destined for the outer membrane of the chloroplastic envelope follow an import pathway distinct from that followed by proteins destined for other chloroplastic compartments.
NOVEL SULPHOARYLAZO 4-PYRAZOLONE-BASED TARTRAZINE DYE ANALOGUES (2004)

In a multistep synthesis, a novel series of 4-pyrazolone–based tartrazine dye analogues were prepared benzimidazol-5-yl acetoacetamide derivative I. Chemical structure of the hitherto prepared dyestuffs were confirmed on the basis of correct elemental analysis as well as spectral data. The degree of exhaustion of the hitherto synthesized 3-[2-(oxoimidazo-5-yl) carboxamido] tartrazine dye analogues was determined and found to be in the range of 92.6–97.8%. The latter high ratios might be ascribed to the presence of the cyclic amide function in structure of these dyestuffs.
Network Store (2015)

In this paper, we provide a revolutionary vision of 5G networks, in which SDN technologies are used for the programmability of the wireless network, and where a NFV-ready network store is provided to Mobile Network Operators (MNO), Enterprises, and Over-The-Top (OTT) third parties. The proposed network serves as a digital distribution platform of programmable Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) that enables 5G application use-cases. Currently existing application stores, such as Apple's App Store for iOS applications, Google's Play Store for Android, or Ubuntu's Software Center, deliver applications to user specific software platforms. Our vision is to provide a digital marketplace, gathering 5G enabling Network Applications and Network Functions, written to run on top of commodity cloud infrastructures, connected to remote radio heads (RRH). The 5G Network Store will be the same to the network provider as the application store is currently to a software platform.
Lentiviral Manipulation of Gene Expression in Human Adult and Embryonic Stem Cells (2006)

Human stem cells could revolutionize the field of medicine by providing a diverse range of cell types for tissue replacement therapies and drug discovery. To achieve this goal, genetic tools need to be optimized and developed for controlling and manipulating stem cells ex vivo. Here we describe a lentiviral delivery system capable of high infection rates in human mesenchymal and embryonic stem cells. The lentiviral backbone was modified to express mono- and bi-cistronic transgenes and was also used to deliver short hairpin ribonucleic acid for specific silencing of gene expression in human stem cells. We show that lentiviral transduction can be used to alter gene expression without altering the genes' ability to differentiate in vitro. These vectors will enable rapid analysis of gene function in stem cells and permit the generation of knock-in / knock-out models of human disease in the rapidly developing field of gene therapy.
Apollo 11 - Crew observations (1969)

Apollo 11 mission crew observation of operational and scientific phenomena associated with lunar landings, discussing preflight geologic training and briefings
Role of Iron and Nickel for the Formation of Graphite Crystals at Low Temperatures (2002)

The formation of graphite crystals was found at relatively low temperatures as 900-1100°C from the powder mixtures of poly (vinyl alcohol) and either iron or nickel oxide. From the mixtures with Fe2O3, graphite crystals were formed above 900°C, but those with NiO the heat treatment at 1000°C for more than 5h. Before graphite formation from the mixtures with NiO, well-developed turbostratic structure was found to be formed. Formation of graphite crystals at the temperatures as low as 900-1000°C was supposed to occur through the dissolution and precipitation from nickel melt, but through the decomposition of various iron carbides.
Soft-input soft-output sphere decoding (2008)

Soft-input soft-output (SISO) detection algorithms form the basis for iterative decoding. The associated computational complexity often poses significant challenges for practical receiver implementations, in particular in the context of multiple- input multiple-output wireless systems. In this paper, we present a low-complexity SISO sphere decoder which is based on the single tree search paradigm, proposed originally for soft-output detection in Studer et al., IEEE J-SAC, 2008. The algorithm incorporates clipping of the extrinsic log-likelihood ratios in the tree search, which not only results in significant complexity savings, but also allows to cover a large performance/complexity trade-off region by adjusting a single parameter.
Diabetic Nephropathy: Mechanisms of Renal Disease Progression (2008)

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by excessive amassing of extracellular matrix (ECM) with thickening of glomerular and tubular basement membranes and increased amount of mesangial matrix, which ultimately progress to glomerulosclerosis and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis. In view of this outcome, it would mean that all the kidney cellular elements, i.e., glomerular endothelia, mesangial cells, podocytes, and tubular epithelia, are targets of hyperglycemic injury. Conceivably, high glucose activates various pathways via similar mechanisms in different cell types of the kidney except for minor exceptions that are related to the selective expression of a given molecule in a particular renal compartment. To begin with, there is an obligatory excessive channeling of glucose intermediaries into various metabolic pathways with generation of advanced glycation products (AGEs), activation of protein kinase C (PKC), increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), GTP-binding proteins, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS seem to be the common denominator in various pathways and are central to the pathogenesis of hyperglycemic injury. In addition, there are marked alterations in intraglomerular hemodynamics, i.e., hyperfiltration, and this along with metabolic derangements adversely compounds the hyperglycemia-induced injury. Here, the information compiled under various subtitles of this article is derived from an enormous amount of data summarized in several excellent literature reviews, and thus their further reading is suggested to gain in-depth knowledge of each of the subject matter.
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ-mediated Transcriptional Up-regulation of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Promoter via a Novel Composite cis-Acting Element (2001)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleotropic polypeptide that can function as a morphogen, motogen, mitogen, angiogen, carcinogen, and tumor suppressor, depending on the target cell and tissue. Previous studies from our laboratory using transgenic mice have shown that HGF gene expression is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level and that the upstream regulatory elements are crucial for the control of HGF gene transcription. In the present study, we have identified and characterized one of these elements as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)-responsive element. This regulatory element was localized at -246 to -233 base pairs upstream from the transcription start site of the HGF gene promoter having the sequence GGGCCAGGTGACCT. Gel mobility shift and supershift assays demonstrated that this cis-acting element strongly binds to the PPARgamma isoforms as well as to chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor, a member of the orphan nuclear receptor subfamily. Mutational analysis and gel mobility band shift assays indicated that the binding site is an inverted repeat of the AGGTCA motif with two spacers (inverted repeat 2 configuration) and that the two spacers are important for PPARgamma binding. This binding site overlaps with functional binding sites for activating protein-2, nuclear factor 1, and upstream stimulatory factor, and together, they constitute a multifunctional composite binding site through which these different transcription factors exert their regulatory effects on HGF promoter activity. Functional assays revealed that PPARgamma, with its ligand, 15-deoxy-prostaglandin J2, strongly stimulates HGF promoter activity. On the other hand, nuclear factor 1, activating protein-2, and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor transcription factors repress the stimulatory action of PPARgamma by competing with PPARgamma for their overlapping binding sites. Furthermore, for the first time, our studies demonstrate that the PPARgamma ligand, 15-deoxy-prostaglandin J2, induces endogenous HGF mRNA and protein expression in fibroblasts in culture.
The node monitoring component of a scalable systems software environment (2006)

We describe Fountain, an implementation of the scalable systems software node monitor specification targeted at aggregate node monitoring for clusters. Fountain is designed from the ground up as a hierarchical system with scalability in mind. It leverages widely used technologies such as XML and HTTP to present an interface to other components in the SSS environment. In this paper we describe the design choices of Fountain and discuss some preliminary performance measurements on medium sized clusters.