gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A computer technique for displaying <i>n</i> -dimensional hyperobjects (1967)

A digital computer and automatic plotter have been used to generate three-dimensional stereoscopic movies of the three-dimensional parallel and perspective projections of four-dimensional hyperobjects rotating in four-dimensional space. The observed projections and their motions were a direct extension of three-dimensional experience, but no profound "feeling" or insight into the fourth spatial dimension was obtained. The technique can be generalized to n-dimensions and applied to any n-dimensional hyperobject or hypersurface.
Cytotoxicity of oxidized LDL to porcine aortic smooth muscle cells is associated with the oxysterols 7-ketocholesterol and 7-hydroxycholesterol. (1994)

The cytotoxicity of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) to arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) may contribute to atherogenesis by causing cell death in core regions of plaques. The aim of the present study was to identify the components of copper-oxidized LDL responsible for its toxicity to porcine aortic SMCs. Toxicity to SMCs was assessed as the decrease in viable cell counts after 3-day cell incubation. Extracts of LDL were tested for toxicity at concentrations equivalent to that derived from 100 micrograms LDL protein per milliliter. Lipid extracts of Ox-LDL but not native-LDL were toxic to SMCs. When separated into neutral and polar lipid classes, only the neutral lipids were toxic (89.7 +/- 0.7% cell loss). The neutral lipids were fractionated further by use of solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two toxic fractions, causing 93.3% and 60.3% cell loss, were isolated from HPLC and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The most toxic of these fractions contained 7-ketocholesterol, and the other contained 7 alpha- and 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol. Quantification of these unesterified oxysterols in LDL extracts and comparison with the toxicity of authentic standards indicate that 7-ketocholesterol and 7-hydroxycholesterol are present in Ox-LDL at levels sufficient to account for its toxicity to SMCs.
<i>Pooling Library Resources</i>: The Development of Library Resources and Graduate Work in the Cooperative University Centers of the South (1946)

"Pooling Library Resources: The Development of Library Resources and Graduate Work in the Cooperative University Centers of the South." The Journal of Higher Education, 17(7), pp. 392–393
Genetic relationship between soxRS and mar loci in promoting multiple antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli (1994)

Multiple antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli has typically been associated with mutations at the mar locus, located at 34 min on the E. coli chromosome. A new mutant, marC, isolated on the basis of a Mar phenotype but which maps to the soxRS (encoding the regulators of the superoxide stress response) locus located at 92 min, is described here. This mutant shares several features with a known constitutive allele of the soxRS gene, prompting the conclusion that it is a highly active allele of this gene. The marC mutation has thus been given the designation soxR201. This new mutant was used to examine the relationship between the mar and sox loci in promoting antibiotic resistance. The results of these studies indicate that full antibiotic resistance resulting from the soxR201 mutation is partially dependent on an intact mar locus and is associated with an increase in the steady-state level of mar-specific mRNA. In addition, paraquat treatment of wild-type cells is shown to increase the level of antibiotic resistance in a dose-dependent manner that requires an intact soxRS locus. Conversely, overexpression of MarA from a multicopy plasmid results in weak activation of a superoxide stress response target gene. These findings are consistent with a model in which the regulatory factors encoded by the marA and soxS genes control the expression of overlapping sets of target genes, with MarA preferentially acting on targets involved with antibiotic resistance and SoxS directed primarily towards components of the superoxide stress response. Furthermore, compounds frequently used to induce the superoxide stress response, including paraquat, menadione, and phenazine methosulfate, differ with respect to the amount of protection provided against them by the antibiotic resistance response.
Ultramicroscopy: 3D reconstruction of large microscopical specimens (2008)

Ultramicroscopy is a microscopical technique that allows optical sectioning and 3D reconstruction of biological and medical specimens. While in confocal microscopy specimen size is limited to several hundred micrometers at best, using ultramicroscopy even centimeter sized objects like whole mouse embryos can be reconstructed with micrometer resolution. This is possible by using a combination of a clearing procedure and the principle of lightsheet illumination. We present ultramicroscopic 3D reconstructions of whole immunohistochemically labelled mouse embryos and adult Drosophila, giving detailed insight into their anatomy. Its speed and simplicity makes ultramicroscopy ideally suited for high-throughput phenotype screening of transgenic mice and thus will benefit the investigation of disease models.
Development of a Person Following Robot with Vision Based Target Detection (2006)

We have developed the person following robot "ApriAttendatrade". This robot can accompany a person using vision based target detection and avoid obstacles with ultrasonic sensors while following the person. The robot first identifies an individual with its image processing system by detecting a person's region and recognizing the registered color and texture of his/her clothes. Usually, the person following robot has to detect and recognize the specified person and calculate his/her position in a complicated real-life environment of fixed objects and moving people. Our newly developed algorithm allows the robot to extract a particular individual from a cluttered background, and to find and reconnect with the person if it loses visual contact. Tracking people with stereo vision was realized by systematizing visual and motion control with a robust algorithm that utilizes various characteristics of the image data. The developed algorithm uses several analyses to extract information on the distance to each feature point, speed of target, color and texture of clothes for a stable tracking in many situations including changes of view due to self motion, shifts in lighting and objects similar to the target. The person following robot ApriAttendatrade has been exhibited at Aichi EXPO 2005, and its robust functions and smooth person following capability were successfully demonstrated
Surface‐polariton propagation for scanning near‐field optical microscopy application (1999)

Surface plasmon-, phonon- and exciton-polaritons exist on specific materials in specific spectral regions. We assess the properties of such travelling surface-bound electromagnetic waves relevant for scanning near-field optical microscopy applications, i.e. the tightness of surface binding, the attenuation, the phase velocity and the coupling with free-space electromagnetic waves. These quantities can be directly determined by photographic imaging of surface plasmon- and surface phonon-polaritons, in both the visible and mid-infared regions. Focusing of mid-infrared surface plasmons is demonstrated. Surface waveguides to transport and focus photons to the tip of a scanning near-field probe are outlined.
A Comparison of Discriminative Classifiers for Web News Content Extraction (2010)

International audience
Querying and controlling the future behavior of complex objects (2003)

The complex system formalism is utilized for describing structural and behavioral properties of complexly structured systems. A complex system is a production system that models a database with complex objects and explicitly supports time and nondeterminism. Consequently, complex systems can be used to predict the evolution of databases. To obtain predictions about future behavior, a futuristic query language is defined. A query optimisation algorithm is provided for a subset of this language. In general, complex systems do not yield unique answers to futuristic queries because of the inherent nondetermination. Therefore, an optimal control problem is formulated that finds behavior satisfying user-defined goals. Subsequently, such goals can be converted into additional system constraints, thus reducing nondeterminism and providing for the optimal system's behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Receptor Type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ζ-Pleiotrophin Signaling Controls Endocytic Trafficking of DNER That Regulates Neuritogenesis (2008)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTPzeta) is a receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase that uses pleiotrophin as a ligand. Pleiotrophin inactivates the phosphatase activity of PTPzeta, resulting in the increase of tyrosine phosphorylation levels of its substrates. We studied the functional interaction between PTPzeta and DNER, a Notch-related transmembrane protein highly expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells. PTPzeta and DNER displayed patchy colocalization in the dendrites of Purkinje cells, and immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that these proteins formed complexes. Several tyrosine residues in and adjacent to the tyrosine-based and the second C-terminal sorting motifs of DNER were phosphorylated and were dephosphorylated by PTPzeta, and phosphorylation of these tyrosine residues resulted in the accumulation of DNER on the plasma membrane. DNER mutants lacking sorting motifs accumulated on the plasma membrane of Purkinje cells and Neuro-2A cells and induced their process extension. While normal DNER was actively endocytosed and inhibited the retinoic-acid-induced neurite outgrowth of Neuro-2A cells, pleiotrophin stimulation increased the tyrosine phosphorylation level of DNER and suppressed the endocytosis of this protein, which led to the reversal of this inhibition, thus allowing neurite extension. These observations suggest that pleiotrophin-PTPzeta signaling controls subcellular localization of DNER and thereby regulates neuritogenesis.
Why do patients with faecal impaction have faecal incontinence. (1986)

To elucidate the phenomenon of faecal incontinence in impacted patients, manometric, radiological and other investigations were carried out in 55 elderly patients, who had impacted masses of faeces in the rectum and were incontinent of faeces and 36 elderly control subjects with no anorectal problems. Maximum basal pressure and the maximum squeeze pressure in impacted patients were not significantly different from elderly controls. Sphincter pressures were no different after disimpaction than they were with faecal masses in situ, suggesting that leakage and soiling were not caused by stretching of the anal ring or prolonged reflex inhibition of anal tone by the faecal mass. The anorectal angle was more obtuse in impacted patients than in elderly controls though there was no greater degree of perineal descent. Anal and perianal sensation was impaired in impacted patients compared with controls. Rectal sensation was also impaired in the impacted patients in that the volume in a rectal balloon that could be perceived by the subject and the volume that gave rise to a desire to defecate were much higher in impacted patients than in controls. The rectal volume required to cause anal relaxation was lower in impacted patients compared with controls though there was no reduction in the volume at which anal relaxation failed to recover its resting tone. Rectal distension elicited external sphincter contractions in 53% impacted patients compared with 80% of controls. In conclusion, faecal soiling in patients with faecal impaction is probably related to the combination of an obtuse anorectal angle and the low anal pressures, normally found in the elderly and to impaired anorectal sensation which prevents conscious contraction of the external sphincter when the internal sphincter is relaxed.
Selective modulation by alpha-difluoromethylornithine of T-lymphocyte and antibody-mediated cytotoxic responses to mouse tumor allografts. (1986)

alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, has been shown to be growth inhibitory in a wide variety of normal and tumor cell systems. Since cells of the host defense system are among the most rapidly proliferating cells in the body, DFMO may inhibit certain components of this system. In order to assess this possibility, four randomized groups of C57BL/6 mice were maintained either on water throughout (controls) or on 2% DFMO in drinking water for various periods of time. Mice were given DFMO from Days -4 to 0, Days 0 to +4, or Day 0 to day of assay. On Day 0 randomly selected mice from each group received P815 tumor allografts. Daily from Days +3 to +14, pools of spleen cells from three mice per group were assessed for allospecific cytolytic T-lymphocyte, antibody formation, natural killer cell, and phagocytic cell activities. While natural killer cell and phagocytic cell activities remained essentially unchanged under all conditions, both cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and antibody responses were modified. Somewhat similar effects were seen with both responses and involved to varying degrees: (a) a delay of the initiation of rapid increase in the response but not in the onset of first detectable response; (b) delay in the time of peak response; (c) increased level of maximal response; (d) two peaks of maximal response. The data indicate that DFMO treatment of whole animals, dependent upon schedule of administration and time of assay, induces very selective effects on both cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and antibody responses, without apparent modification of nonspecific host defense mechanisms, with the overall effect being a prolongation of the period of specific response.
Genetic variability of the gene cluster CALHM1–3 in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (2012)

Perturbations of calcium homeostasis have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. A common polymorphism (rs2986017) in the CALHM1 gene, coding for a regulator of calcium homeostasis, is a genetic risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). Although some authors failed to confirm these results, a meta-analysis has shown that this polymorphism modulates the age at disease onset. Furthermore, a recent association study has explored the genetic variability of CALHM1 gene and two adjacent paralog genes (CALHM3 and CALHM2) in an Asian population. Since several lines of evidence suggest that AD and prion diseases share pathophysiologic mechanisms, we investigated for the first time the genetic variability of the gene cluster formed by CALHM1 and its paralogs in a series of 235 sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) patients, and compared the genotypic and allelic frequencies with those presented in 329 controls from the same ancestry. As such, this work also represents the first association analysis of CALHM genes in sCJD. Sequencing analysis of the complete coding regions of the genes demonstrated the presence of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within the CALHM genes. We observed that rs4918016-rs2986017-rs2986018 and rs41287502-rs41287500 polymorphic sites at CALHM1 were in linkage disequilibrium. We found marginal associations for sCJD risk at CALHM1 polymorphic sites rs41287502 and rs41287500 [coding for two linked missense mutations (p.(Met323Ile); (Gly282Cys)], and rs2986017 [p.(Leu86Pro)]. Interestingly, a TGG haplotype defined by the rs4918016-rs2986017-rs2986018 block was associated with sCJD. These findings underscore the need of future multinational collaborative initiatives in order to corroborate these seminal data.
Developmental changes in the composition of polyadenylated RNA isolated from free and membrane-bound polyribosomes of the rat forebrain, analysed by translation <i>in vitro</i> (1981)

Free and membrane-bound polyribosomes were isolated from the rat forebrain during its development. Polyadenylated RNA [poly(A)+ RNA] was isolated from both fractions, by using oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography, and its composition studied by translating the poly(A)+ RNA in vitro in reticulocyte lysates. Electrophoretic analysis of the translation products showed that both free and membrane-bound polyribosomal poly(A)+ RNA gave many common components, but that there were also distinct differences in the protein composition of the products of the two fractions. Several proteins, of mol.wts. 39 000, 37 000, 31 000, 27 000 and 17 000, appeared to be products predominantly of free polyribosomal poly(A)+ RNA, whereas others, of mol.wt. 47 000, 33 000, 24 000 and 21 000 were specific to the membrane-bound polyribosomal poly(A)+ RNA fraction. More developmental changes were observed in the translational products of the membrane-bound poly(A)+ RNA fraction. Proteins of mol.wts. 33 000 and 21 000, which were predominant components of the translational products of this fraction when isolated from 10-day and older rats, were not present in translational products derived from preparations isolated from 3-day-old rats. The developmental appearance of these proteins as translational products of the membrane-bound poly(A)+ RNA suggests the appearance of new mRNA species. These transcriptional changes are discussed in relation to processes involved in brain differentiation, including myelination.
Compositional Analysis of Water-Soluble Materials in Corn Stover (2007)

Corn stover is one of the leading feedstock candidates for commodity-scale biomass-to-ethanol processing. The composition of water-soluble materials in corn stover has been determined with greater than 90% mass closure in four of five representative samples. The mass percentage of water-soluble materials in tested stover samples varied from 14 to 27% on a dry weight basis. Over 30 previously unknown constituents of aqueous extracts were identified and quantified using a variety of chromatographic techniques. Monomeric sugars (primarily glucose and fructose) were found to be the predominant water-soluble components of corn stover, accounting for 30−46% of the dry weight of extractives (4−12% of the dry weight of feedstocks). Additional constituents contributing to the mass balance for extractives included various alditols (3−7%), aliphatic acids (7−21%), inorganic ions (10−18%), oligomeric sugars (4−12%), and a distribution of oligomers tentatively identified as being derived from phenolic glycosides (10−18%). Keywords: Corn stover; compositional analysis; extractives; biomass; value-added products; water-soluble materials; feedstock
Control of the Magnetization of Bubble Garnets by Annealing (1972)

It is known that the magnetization of Ga- or Al-substituted garnets can be reversibly altered by annealing and quenching. These treatments result in a redistribution of the substituted ions between the tetrahedral and octahedral iron sites. Changes of 4πMs by about 100 G can be achieved in bubble materials such as Eu2Er1Fe4.3Ga0.7O12. In an oxygen ambient, these changes occur in a few minutes at high temperatures such as 1200°C but require many hours at low temperatures such as 700°C. The times required for the low-temperature anneals have been reduced by roughly two orders of magnitude by the use of a ``forming-gas'' ambient. The anneals in this H2–N2 ambient do not result in major changes of the noncubic anisotropies of flux grown or LPE bubble garnets. This indicates that this anisotropy is not associated with the presence of Fe4+ ions which would be reduced to Fe3+ by the anneals. The use of this low-temperature annealing procedure to tailor the magnetization of bubble garnets along with the previously reported high-temperature annealing to control growth-induced noncubic anisotropy can be very useful for bubble device research and development.
Derivatives of Triphenylphosphine and Triphenylphosphine Oxide (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Triphenylphosphine and Triphenylphosphine OxideALLEN E. SENEAR, WILLIAM VALIENT, and JOSEPH WIRTHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 11, 2001–2006Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01081a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01081a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1886Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Mg on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Copper-Coated Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Al Alloy Matrix Composite (2012)

Abstract: Copper coated short carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy matrix composites have been prepared with 0.3-1.5 wt% Mg as alloying addition by stir casting. Effect of Mg on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. The microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the results show that adding Mg can make the distribution of carbon fibers uniform in the composites, reduce laminated and agglomerated. Tensile test and hardness test were carried out, the results show that the tensile strength and the hardness of the composite is increased by 13% and 8% when Mg content is 0.9 wt%.
Laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy of cadmium treated Triticum aestivum L. plants (2011)

The present study deals with laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LICF) spectra, reflectance spectra and fluores- cence induction kinetics (FIK) curves of Triticum aestivum L. plants treated with different concentrations of cadmium (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mM). LICF spectra were recorded in the region of 650-780 nm using violet diode laser (405 nm) and FIK curves were recorded at 685 and 730 nm using red diode laser (635 nm) for excitation. Reflectance spectra were recorded in the region of 400-800 nm using spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. The fluorescence intensity ratios (FIR) were determined from LICF spectra, vitality index (Rfd) from FIK curves and narrow band vegetation index (NBVI) from reflectance spectra. These parameters along with plant growth parameters and photosynthetic pigment contents were used to analyze the effect of cadmium on wheat plants. The results clearly show that lower concentration of Cd (0.01 mM) shows stimulatory response; whereas higher concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 Mm) are hazardous for plant growth, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic activity of wheat plants.