gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized Search Trees for Database Systems (1995)

This paper introduces the Generalized Search Tree (GiST), an index structure supporting an extensible set of queries and data types. The GiST allows new data types to be indexed in a manner supporting queries natural to the types; this is in contrast to previous work on tree extensibility which only supported the traditional set of equality and range predicates. In a single data structure, the GiST provides all the basic search tree logic required by a database system, thereby unifying disparate structures such as B+-trees and R-trees in a single piece of code, and opening the application of search trees to general extensibility. To illustrate the exibility of the GiST, we provide simple method implementations that allow it to behave like a B+-tree, an R-tree, and an RD-tree, a new index for data with set-valued attributes. We also present a preliminary performance analysis of RD-trees, which leads to discussion on the nature of tree indices and how they behave for various datasets.
<i>In vitro</i> osteoblast response to anodized titanium and anodized titanium followed by hydrothermal treatment (2003)

In this study, Titanium (Ti) surfaces were modified using anodization. The electrolyte used for anodization was a mixture of calcium glycerophosphate and calcium acetate. The anodized surfaces were divided into three groups. Hydrothermal treatments were performed on two of the anodized groups for either 2 or 4 h. In vitro osteoblast response to anodized oxide and the hydrothermal treated oxide after anodization was evaluated in this study. Calcium and phosphorus ions were deposited on the Ti oxide during anodization. Anodized surfaces following a 4-h hydrothermal treatment were observed to promote the growth apatite-like crystals as compared with anodized surfaces after a 2-h hydrothermal treatment. Cellular function and onset of mineralization, as indicated by protein production and osteocalcin production, respectively, also were observed as enhanced on hydrothermal-treated surfaces. It was thus concluded from this study that calcium phosphate and apatite-like crystals could be deposited on Ti surfaces using anodization and a combination of anodization and hydrothermal treatment. It was also concluded that the phenotypic expression of osteoblast was enhanced by the presence of calcium phosphate or apatite-like crystals on anodized or hydrothermally treated Ti surfaces.
Contact Angle Hysteresis (1964)

The effect of roughness on the wettability of an idealized sinusoidal surface has been studied with a digital computer. The equations of Wenzel and of Cassie and Baxter are discussed in relation to the model. The heights of the energy barriers between metastable states of a drop are seen to be of utmost importance in determining the magnitude of contact angle hysteresis.
Feature-Oriented Image Enhancement Using Shock Filters (1990)

Shock filters for image enhancement are developed. The filters use new nonlinear time dependent partial differential equations and their discretizations. The evolution of the initial image $u_0 (x,y)$ as $t \to \infty $ into a steady state solution $u_\infty (x,y)$ through $u(x,y,t)$, $t > 0$, is the filtering process. The partial differential equations have solutions which satisfy a maximum principle. Moreover the total variation of the solution for any fixed $t > 0$ is the same as that of the initial data. The processed image is piecewise smooth, nonoscillatory, and the jumps occur across zeros of an elliptic operator (edge detector). The algorithm is relatively fast and easy to program.
Low-power implementation of mitchell's approximate logarithmic multiplication for convolutional neural networks (2018)

This paper proposes a low-power implementation of the approximate logarithmic multiplier to improve the power consumption of convolutional neural networks for image classification, taking advantage of its intrinsic tolerance to error. The approximate logarithmic multiplier converts multiplications to additions by taking approximate logarithm and achieves significant improvement in power and area while having low worst-case error, which makes it suitable for neural network computation. Our proposed design shows a significant improvement in terms of power and area over the previous work that applied logarithmic multiplication to neural networks, reducing power up to 76.6% compared to exact fixed-point multiplication, while maintaining comparable prediction accuracy in convolutional neural networks for MNIST and CIFAR10 datasets.
Determination of thermo-optic coefficient of a UV curable polymer using prism coupling technique (2004)

In this report, a new advanced prism coupler with temperature-controlled system is utilised for measuring the refractive indices and thickness of polymer thin film. This coupler is capable of measuring the variation of refractive indices with temperature. The refractive indices, n and thickness, d of the materials have been measured in the temperature range of 30 C to 80 C. The double-layered waveguide on silicon, which uses Ormocer b59 (Ormocore) as the core layer and Ormocer b66 (Ormoclad) as the bottom cladding layer, have been fabricated and used for the measurement. The thermo-optic coefficients (dn/dt) for both materials have been obtained.
Biomolecular Embossing (2005)

The replica molding and embossing of DNA texture has been achieved using a conventional polyurethane mold. The final process requires no additional or separate extraction phases. The polyurethane replica is stable up to 150 degrees C and possesses a good longevity and a capacity to emboss a biological entity into a thermosetting plastic such as poly(ethylene terephthalate).
Paleoecology of Eastern Africa Mountains (2001)

timately allow the development of hemispheric-scale datasets for the last 300-500 years. These data sets will be used to document the large spatial and temporal variance that characterises the tropical (ENSO) and high latitude (e.g. PDO) atmospheric circulation features associated with interannual to decadal variability of climate over the Americas. For example, the recent ENSO reconstruction developed by Stahle et al. ( Similarly the development and combination of data sets to address low frequency climate variability (e.g. As the project continues we hope to provide data that will address these large scale issues.
直面“埃博拉”之惧 (2015)

2014年10月8日，美国第一例埃博拉患者不治身亡。关于埃博拉的第一波恐慌在全美蔓延开来。不久，第二例、第三例埃博拉病例接踵而至，在世界范围内也引发了对疫情蔓延扩大的担忧。面对这种严峻的形势，也许人们只有直面内心恐惧，才能最终度过这次难关。
Biolabile peptidyl delivery systems toward sequential drug release (2015)

Compact carriers for peptidyl delivery systems (PDSs) loaded with various drugs were synthesized using a simple and convenient solid phase organic synthesis strategy, including semi-orthogonal functional group protection schemes. Each attachment point of the compact carrier can thus be bound to an anticancer agent through a biodegradable covalent link. Chemo- and biostability experiments of a model peptidyl platform loaded with three different drugs revealed pH and liver homogenate (metabolic) dependent sequential release behavior. The versatility of this approach will serve to expedite the preparation of PDS libraries. This approach may prove useful for applications suitable for personalized medicine where multiple drug delivery is required in a sequential and controlled fashion.
Design and Implementation of a Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems (2013)

In this study, we focused on developing a bidirectional power converter for a stand-alone photovoltaic power generation system and system energy management when a lithium-iron battery is used to regulate the power supply. We used a small-scale air-conditioner to provide the load for the bidirectional power converter developed in this study to examine the efficiency of the converter and the performance of energy management systems. The overall framework of the proposed system comprised a maximum power point tracking controller, bidirectional buck-boost converter, lithium-iron battery, small-scale air-conditioner, and energy management system. An energy management strategy was proposed to increase the power utilization rate of the photovoltaic power generation system. Some measurement results are made to verify the feasibility of an air conditioner system with a photovoltaic power generation system and lithium-iron battery hybrid power supply.
Performance Evaluation of Rendezvous Using Model Predictive Control (2003)

A new form of Model Predictive Control (MPC) is presented. It is shown to guarantee robust, finitetime maneuver completion for an arbitrary target region. The new method is used to control spacecraft rendezvous and its performance is compared, in simulation, with both a traditional, glideslope approach and an earlier MPC formulation. The new method is shown to use less fuel than both other controllers. The development over existing MPC formulations is the ability to explicitly minimize fuel cost for a general target point, not necessarily an equilibrium. The new formulation also guarantees robust completion of the maneuver. Given an unknown but bounded disturbance, the spacecraft will still reach the target in finite time. This is demonstrated in simulation, also showing that the new formulation of MPC oers lower fuel use than the glideslope algorithm when unmodeled disturbances are present.
Chemokine receptor 5 knockout strategies (2010)

CCR5 gene knockout in T cells or HSCs by ZFNs effectively suppresses the replication of CCR5-tropic strains of HIV-1 in animal models. ZFNs are currently being evaluated in a phase I clinical trials using ex vivo expanded T cells and HSCs targeted therapies are under development.
The Image Object Content Architecture (1990)

Technical advances to image processing and the availability of the resulting technologies at reasonable cost have helped to promote the use of images in office, engineering, and scientific environments. As evidence of this use, a wide variety of applications and products designed for image processing have been introduced into the market in recent years. In order to encompass different applications and products in a single image processing system and to allow image data to be exchanged and interpreted consistently throughout the system, IBM has introduced the Image Object Content Architecture (IOCA). This paper discusses requirements for the architecture, concepts of the architecture, use of the architecture in the different data stream environments used by image processing systems, and the IOCA function sets that have been defined for interchange within Systems Application Architecture™ environments.
Dosimetry for Cobalt-60 Gamma Rays with Alanine (1984)

A semi-automatic process for making solid state alanine dosemeters has been developed in the Physics Laboratory of the Instituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. Recording conditions and dosemeter performance after irradiation with ? rays from a 60Co source, were studied. Overall uncertainty contributions to dose determination are discussed in view of the possible use of these dosemeters in transfer dosimetry.
Measurement of flash temperature and contact between slider and magnetic recording disk (1989)

Flash temperatures and contact events were measured during tests of a low flying slider and rigid thin-film magnetic disks. The Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-TiC slider had iron-constantan thermocouples embedded in its rails. The thermocouples served as both temperature sensors and electrically conductive contact probes. The flash temperature was determined to be about 150 degrees C during the impact of a single asperity and the slider. The impact load was found to be slightly less than 1 N. This value is slightly smaller than the force predicted by a theory based on slider inertia and indentation hardness. Contact event measurements disclosed that asperities on the disk surface deform plastically, even during the low-speed sliding encountered in contact start/stop cycles. The plastic deformation diminishes the severity of contact between head and disk in subsequent start/stop cycles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non‐invasive piezoelectric detection of heartbeat rate and blood pressure (2015)

A non‐invasive piezoelectric‐based sheet sensor is utilised for the deliberate measurement of heartbeat rate and blood pressure. It may consist of a single sheet to capture various temporal signals or it can be formed as an array of small piezoelectric sensors to capture the temporal and spatial cardiac signals over the chest to give an added spatial granularity on top of the localised temporal signal. The mechanical activity of the heart will cause the piezoelectric sheet to deform, and thus produce a voltage signal. To count the heartbeat rate, a mechanical model has been developed using the corresponding electric waveform; a compression ratio is defined due to the delay as a result of the physical coupling mechanism. Validation of the obtained results has been performed using conventional techniques and apparatus. The quantitative assessment shows low errors when compared with other conventional meters.
Emerging Technologies for Point-of-Care Management of HIV Infection (2014)

The global HIV/AIDS pandemic has resulted in 39 million deaths to date, and there are currently more than 35 million people living with HIV worldwide. Prevention, screening, and treatment strategies have led to major progress in addressing this disease globally. Diagnostics is critical for HIV prevention, screening and disease staging, and monitoring antiretroviral therapy (ART). Currently available diagnostic assays, which include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot (WB), are complex, expensive, and time consuming. These diagnostic technologies are ill suited for use in low- and middle-income countries, where the challenge of the HIV/AIDS pandemic is most severe. Therefore, innovative, inexpensive, disposable, and rapid diagnostic platform technologies are urgently needed. In this review, we discuss challenges associated with HIV management in resource-constrained settings and review the state-of-the-art HIV diagnostic technologies for CD4(+) T lymphocyte count, viral load measurement, and drug resistance testing.
A sonority cycle in American Sign Language (1993)

It is generally accepted that there are three major categories of phonological elements in the signs of sign language: (i) the shape of the hand, (ii) the location of the hand on or near the body and (iii) the movement of the hand – either (a) movement of the fingers or palm at a single location or (b) movement of the whole hand along a path from one location to another. It has further been argued that each of these categories consists of hierarchically organised classes of features (Sandler 1987b, 1989a).
Instruments for environmental monitoring (1979)

Government regulations require industry to monitor air and water for various gaseous pollutants, particulates, lead, and ''''priority pollutants.'' Instrumentation currently used for monitoring air and water pollution is described. Quality assurance considerations and research in air quality monitoring are also discussed. Techniques for monitoring atmospheric pollutants are more firmly established and more automated than techniques for monitoring water pollutants are. (4 diagrams, 4 photos, 15 references, 7 tables)
Continuous deep reactive ion etching of tapered via holes for three-dimensional integration (2008)

A continuous SF 6 /O 2 plasma process at room temperature has been used to etch tapered through-silicon vias using a DRIE-ICP tool. These features (10-100 m in diameter) are aimed for applications in 3D integration and MEMS packaging. The effects of various process parameters such as O 2 flow rate, platen bias, pressure and substrate temperature on the via profile (depth, slope angle and aspect ratio) development are investigated. The etching mechanism was also studied and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals a SiO x passivation layer of the order of 2 nm on the via sidewall and a substantial temperature dependence. Both tapering and anisotropy of etching depend on this passivation layer formation. Finally, suitable tapered vias with an aspect ratio of 5 and a slope angle of 83 are obtained by properly balancing the etching regimes. In this condition, a maximum etch rate of 7 m min -1 is achieved.
Amine-Based Passivating Materials for Enhanced Optical Properties and Performance of Organic–Inorganic Perovskites in Light-Emitting Diodes (2017)

The use of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites in optoelectronic applications are attracting an interest because of their outstanding characteristics, which enable a remarkable enhancement of device efficiency. However, solution-processed perovskite crystals unavoidably contain defect sites that cause hysteresis in perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) and blinking in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Here, we report significant beneficial effects using a new treatment based on amine-based passivating materials (APMs) to passivate the defect sites of methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr<sub>3</sub>) through coordinate bonding between the nitrogen atoms and undercoordinated lead ions. This treatment greatly enhanced the PeLED's efficiency, with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.2%, enhanced photoluminescence (PL), a lower threshold for amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), a longer PL lifetime, and enhanced device stability. Using confocal microscopy, we observed the cessation of PL blinking in perovskite films treated with ethylenediamine (EDA) due to passivation of the defect sites in the MAPbBr<sub>3</sub>.
Hard silicon carbonitride thin‐film coatings produced by remote hydrogen plasma chemical vapor deposition using aminosilane and silazane precursors. 1: Deposition mechanism, chemical structure, and surface morphology (2021)

Abstract Amorphous silicon carbonitride films were produced by remote hydrogen microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (RP‐CVD) using aminosilanes: (dimethylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(dimethylamino)methylsilane, and tris(dimethylamino)silane, as well as disilazanes: 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisilazane and 1,3‐bis(dimethylsilyl)‐2,2,4,4‐tetramethylcyclodisilazane as single‐source precursors. The effect of substrate temperature ( T S ) on the rate and yield of the RP‐CVD process, chemical composition, chemical structure, and surface morphology of resulting films is reported. The temperature dependencies of thickness‐based growth rate and growth yield of the film imply that for a low substrate temperature range ( T S = 30–200°C), deposition rate and yield are limited by desorption of film‐forming precursors from a growth surface, whereas for a high substrate temperature range ( T S = 200–400°C), the rate and yield values, independent of the temperature, are nearly constant and the RP‐CVD is a nonthermally activated process. The increase of the substrate temperature from 30°C to 400°C causes the elimination of organic groups from the film and the formation of a silicon carbonitride network structure with a predominant content of Si–N nitridic and Si–C carbidic bonds. On the basis of structural study and literature data, hypothetical elementary reactions contributing to the film formation process are postulated. The films were found to be morphologically homogeneous, defect‐free materials exhibiting very small surface roughness, which varied in a narrow range of values.
Reducing dust at longwall shearers by confining the dust cloud to the face (1981)

The Bureau of Mines has developed the shearer-clearer dust control system for longwall shearers. The system partitions the airflow around the shearer into a clean split and a contaminated split. The dust cloud is confined to the vicinity of the coal face, while the shearer operators remain in the clean split on the gob side of the machine. The shearer-clearer operates on the principle that each water spray moves air like a small fan and can be positioned to direct the dustry air toward the face. The hardware is inexpensive and can be installed in a single shift. It consists of several strategically mounted water sprays and one or more passive barriers. Laboratory testing indicates reductions in shearer operator dust exposure as high as 97%. Preliminary results indicate that considerable dust reductions at the shearer may also be obtained. In conjunction with the development of the shearer-clearer, dust surveys were conducted in three other mines to determine if some shearer spray systems currently in use partition the flow in a manner similar to the shearer-clearer, and if so, whether this partially accounts for markedly cleaner conditions on some longwalls. Results indicate this to be the case: a feature of themore » cleaner longwalls was a downwind orientation of their water sprays, which is a key element of the shearer-clearer system. The shearer-clearer system described was designed for an Eickhoff EDW 300 shearer working a 7-foot coal seam. Testing to date has concentrated on cutting directions counter to the primary airflow. It is expected that different systems will be required to accommodate the range of conditions occurring underground. Application to conditions different than those described is not likely to produce the same results.« less
Dust control in livestock buildings with electrostatically-charged water spray (2007)

This research was conducted to investigate the potential of charged-water spray in controlling dust in livestock buildings. Specific objectives were to: (1) develop a method to measure the electrostatic charge of airborne particles; (2) characterize the size distribution and charge of airborne particles in a livestock building; (3) evaluate the effectiveness of chargedwater spray in controlling dust concentration in enclosed spaces under laboratory conditions; (4) model the effectiveness of charged-water spray in controlling dust in an enclosed building; and (5) develop and evaluate an electrostatically-assisted particulate wet scrubber (EAPWS). A dynamic Faraday-cage sampler was developed for measuring the net charge-to-mass ratio of particles. The device involves collecting particles on a filter and measuring the charge induced. The sampler was calibrated and then used to measure the charge of dispersed particles (i.e., corn starch, NaHCO3, positively charged water spray, negatively charged water spray, and uncharged water spray). The corresponding net charge-to-mass ratios were -0.11 (SD=0.07), +0.20 (0.001), +7.24 (1.6), -6.47 (0.9), and -0.30 (0.12) mC/kg. Characterization of dust in a swine building showed mean dust concentration of 0.89 (SD=0.45) mg/m, geometric mean diameter of particles of 9.34 μm, and geometric standard deviation of 2.11. The Faraday-cage sampler was also used in the swine building; the net charge-to-mass ratio of particles was +0.68 mC/kg (SD=0.31 mC/kg). The effectiveness of charged-water spray in reducing dust concentration was investigated in an experimental chamber. Test particles (i.e., corn starch, NaHCO3) were dispersed into the chamber and then charged water was sprayed into the chamber. The charged-water spray was significantly more effective than either the uncharged-water spray or no water spray. The removal efficiency of the charged water spray (4 min spray duration, 120 mL/min), based on mass, ranged from 88% to 92% for particles ≤ 10 μm equivalent aerodynamic diameter (EAD) and from 34% to 70% for particles ≤ 2.5 μm EAD. A model based on coagulation was used to predict the particle concentration after spraying of charged water. Predicted values of concentration and removal efficiency agreed well with measured values. A prototype EAPWS was also developed. Laboratory and field evaluations of the EAPWS indicated that it had significantly higher particle removal efficiency than either the control (i.e., no water spray) or the uncharged wet scrubber. DUST CONTROL IN LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS WITH ELECTROSTATICALLYCHARGED WATER SPRAY