gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase I trial of oral 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine: on a daily x 14-day schedule. (2000)

2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine (DMDC) is a potent deoxycytidine analogue. Preclinical studies of DMDC demonstrated activity against a variety of murine and human tumors in cell cultures and murine models and indicate enhanced antitumor activity of DMDC when it was administered in a manner that provided prolonged systemic exposure. In view of this observation, this study was designed to determine the toxicities, maximum-tolerated dose, and pharmacokinetic profile of DMDC. DMDC was given p.o. under fasting conditions for 14 consecutive days every 4 weeks in patients with advanced solid tumors. The starting dose was 12 mg/m2/day. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out on days 1 and 14 of the first cycle. Fourteen patients received 22 courses of DMDC. The dose-limiting toxicities were anorexia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. General fatigue was the common nonhematological toxicity. The maximum-tolerated dose was 18 mg/m2/day, at which two of six patients developed grade 3 toxicities. This dose level could also be considered for Phase II testing with this schedule. At the 18-mg/m2/day dose level, the mean terminal half-life, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC(0-infinity)) on day 1 were 1.7496 h, 112.9 ng/ml, and 399.8 ng x h/ml, respectively. Forty to 50% of the administered dose was recovered in the urine, indicating a good bioavailability and resulting significant systemic exposure to the drug, which may enable chronic oral treatment.
An Adaptive Servo Control Strategy for Automotive Electronic Throttle and Experimental Validation (2014)

In order to achieve higher precise positioning of the throttle plate, an adaptive servo control strategy is presented for the electronic throttle control system. Compared with the existing results on the electronic throttle control schemes, in this paper, the throttle valve reference tracking controller comprises a proportional-integral-derivative-type feedback controller with adaptive gain parameters, an adaptive feedforward compensator, and adaptive nonlinearity compensators for friction, limp-home (LH), and backlash. The closed-loop controller is realized by only utilizing the information of the throttle valve position measured by a cheap potentiometer of low resolution. The theoretical proof and analysis show that the designed throttle control system can ensure fast and accurate reference tracking of the valve plate angle in the case of the uncertain parameters related to production deviations, variations of external conditions and aging, and the effects of transmission friction, return-spring LH, and gear backlash nonlinearity with uncertain parameters. Moreover, the capability of the adaptive controller to preserve the transient performance and accuracy is evaluated in both simulation and experiment.
Spectra Estimation for Computer-Aided Structure Determination (1996)

A recently developed program for estimating 1H-NMR chemical shifts has been interfaced to a structure generator. It provided predicted chemical shifts for 89% of the protons occurring in ca. 110 000 different chemical environments of 24 308 generated structures. It is possible to rank the structures by comparing measured and estimated chemical shifts.
Control of lymphocyte functions by gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (2021)

A mounting body of evidence indicates that dietary fiber (DF) metabolites produced by commensal bacteria play essential roles in balancing the immune system. DF, considered nonessential nutrients in the past, is now considered to be necessary to maintain adequate levels of immunity and suppress inflammatory and allergic responses. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are the major DF metabolites and mostly produced by specialized commensal bacteria that are capable of breaking down DF into simpler saccharides and further metabolizing the saccharides into SCFAs. SCFAs act on many cell types to regulate a number of important biological processes, including host metabolism, intestinal functions, and immunity system. This review specifically highlights the regulatory functions of DF and SCFAs in the immune system with a focus on major innate and adaptive lymphocytes. Current information regarding how SCFAs regulate innate lymphoid cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells and how these functions impact immunity, inflammation, and allergic responses are discussed.
A novel sequential-color RGB-LED backlight driving system with local dimming control and dynamic bus voltage regulation (2010)

Higher luminance efficacy, wider color gamut, lower power consumption, faster response, longer operation life, lesser environmental impacts, and local dimming capability make RGB LED backlight driving system suitable for high end LCD applications. In this paper, a digitally controlled four-phase interleaved RGB LED backlight driving system for LCD panels is proposed. Field color sequential (FCS) techniques, local dimming control (LDC) and dynamic bus voltage regulation (DBVR) technologies are implemented in the proposed system. FCS can improve the power efficiency and image quality, LDC can reduce the power consumption and enhance the image contrast ratio and DBVR can maximize the driving system's efficiency. Only one power converter is required in the proposed system; therefore the system configuration is very simple. Finally, experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed system. According to the experimental results, the presented system can successfully drive the RGB LED backlight module, and the color-mixing, local dimming and bus voltage regulation functions can be successfully realized.
Target Region Selection Is a Critical Determinant of Community Fingerprints Generated by 16S Pyrosequencing (2011)

Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes allows for in-depth characterization of complex microbial communities. Although it is known that primer selection can influence the profile of a community generated by sequencing, the extent and severity of this bias on deep-sequencing methodologies is not well elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that the hypervariable region targeted for sequencing and primer degeneracy play important roles in influencing the composition of 16S pyrotag communities. Subgingival plaque from deep sites of current smokers with chronic periodontitis was analyzed using Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing using 4 primer pairs. Greater numbers of species were detected by pyrosequencing than by Sanger sequencing. Rare taxa constituted nearly 6% of each pyrotag community and less than 1% of the Sanger sequencing community. However, the different target regions selected for pyrosequencing did not demonstrate a significant difference in the number of rare and abundant taxa detected. The genera Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Granulicatella, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas and Treponema were abundant when the V1-V3 region was targeted, while Streptococcus, Treponema, Prevotella, Eubacterium, Porphyromonas, Campylobacter and Enterococcus predominated in the community generated by V4-V6 primers, and the most numerous genera in the V7-V9 community were Veillonella, Streptococcus, Eubacterium, Enterococcus, Treponema, Catonella and Selenomonas. Targeting the V4-V6 region failed to detect the genus Fusobacterium, while the taxa Selenomonas, TM7 and Mycoplasma were not detected by the V7-V9 primer pairs. The communities generated by degenerate and non-degenerate primers did not demonstrate significant differences. Averaging the community fingerprints generated by V1-V3 and V7-V9 primers provided results similar to Sanger sequencing, while allowing a significantly greater depth of coverage than is possible with Sanger sequencing. It is therefore important to use primers targeted to these two regions of the 16S rRNA gene in all deep-sequencing efforts to obtain representational characterization of complex microbial communities.
Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer Control on Sweet Corn , 1976: (1977)

Abstract The sweet corn was planted 3 July in rows 25 ft by 30 inches. Each treatment consisted of 2 rows separated from the next treatment by an untreated row. Sprays were applied with a compressed air sprayer, 100 gal per acre at 50 psi on 27 August, 29 August, 1 September, 4 September and harvested on 7 September. Damage was assessed by shucking 25 ears per treatment and checking for worm damage. Feeding on kernels at shank end was considered due to corn borer even if not present at harvest.
Multiwavelength dynamically selective cross-connect based on fiber Bragg gratings and optical switches (1998)

Summary form only given. We have demonstrated a dynamically selective multiwavelength cross-connect switch based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and optical switches. Dynamically single- or multi-channel selectivity can be realized by connecting the appropriate FBGs. Negligible power penalty was observed in a 2.5 Gb/s/spl times/6 WDM-wavelength 100-km system experiment. The device may find applications in all-optical WDM system for more reconfiguration flexibility and network survivability.
Combination of Methotrexate and Prednizone Decreases Circulating Concentrations of Interleukin 1Beta and Interleukin 6 in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Poor Correlation of Cytokine Suppression with Clinical Improvement (1999)

MTX in combination with prednizone decreases blood levels of IL-1 beta and IL-6 and inhibits the intensity of free radical- mediated processes in RA subjects. Monitoring of plasma concentrations of these cytokines could not predict the treatment efficacy.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1: plasma concentrations and A(-2518)G promoter polymorphism of its gene in systemic lupus erythematosus. (2007)

The CCL-2 (-2518)G allele was not significantly associated with SLE in the whole study sample (p = 0.07). Among Caucasians, but not African Americans, G allele carriers had significantly increased risk of SLE (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.8-9.6, p < 0.0001). Genotype was not associated with nephritis, CAC, or MCP-1 concentrations when all patients or all controls were considered; however, among recently diagnosed patients, G allele carriers had significantly higher MCP-1 concentrations than AA homozygotes (p = 0.02). SLE patients had higher MCP-1 concentrations than controls (p < 0.0001), African American patients had higher concentrations than Caucasian patients (p = 0.006), and patients with nephritis had higher concentrations than those without nephritis (p = 0.02). Although not associated with CAC, MCP-1 concentrations were significantly positively correlated with Hcy. CONCLUSION. CCL-2 A(-2518)G genotype is a significant risk factor for SLE among Caucasians but not African Americans, suggesting that genetically mandated differences in MCP-1 expression contribute to SLE etiology in the former. The positive correlation between MCP-1 and Hcy concentrations is consistent with the hypothesis that active inflammation and hyperhomocysteinemia are etiologically linked.
Plastic Bronchitis: An Unusual Cause of Atelectasis (2009)

A 4-year-old boy was admitted to a regional hospital with a 2-day history of fever, cough and dyspnea. His past medical history was unremarkable. On admission, the child presented with fever (38.5 ° C) and respiratory distress. The breath sounds were diminished on the left side. The C-reactive protein level and white blood cell count were elevated (5 mg/dl, normal range 0–1, and 15.2 ! 10 9 /l, respectively). The chest radiograph revealed partial atelectasis of the left lung ( fig. 1 ). Treatment with an antibiotic and mucolytic agent was initiated and the patient was transferred to a referral hospital. On the next day, he underwent bronchoscopy, which revealed a whitish rubbery material occluding the left main stem bronchus. A large bronchial cast was removed with a rigid bronchoscope. The shape of the cast outlined the bronchial anatomy ( fig. 2 ), but location and extension of the cast were somewhat discordant with the chest radiograph. The cast was composed of mucus and fibrinous material containing epithelial cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. Microbiological examination of the cast including cultures for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi and mycobacteria gave negative results. Within several days, the white blood cell count returned to normal. A control chest radiograph showed complete resolution of the left lung atelectasis ( fig. 3 ). RePublished online: September 30, 2009
Bidirectional reaction steps in metabolic networks: I. Modeling and simulation of carbon isotope labeling experiments (1997)

The extension of metabolite balancing with carbon labeling experiments, as described by Marx et al. (Biotechnol. Bioeng. 49: 11-29), results in a much more detailed stationary metabolic flux analysis. As opposed to basic metabolite flux balancing alone, this method enables both flux directions of bidirectional reaction steps to be quantitated. However, the mathematical treatment of carbon labeling systems is much more complicated, because it requires the solution of numerous balance equations that are bilinear with respect to fluxes and fractional labeling. In this study, a universal modeling framework is presented for describing the metabolite and carbon atom flux in a metabolic network. Bidirectional reaction steps are extensively treated and their impact on the system's labeling state is investigated. Various kinds of modeling assumptions, as usually made for metabolic fluxes, are expressed by linear constraint equations. A numerical algorithm for the solution of the resulting linear constrained set of nonlinear equations is developed. The numerical stability problems caused by large bidirectional fluxes are solved by a specially developed transformation method. Finally, the simulation of carbon labeling experiments is facilitated by a flexible software tool for network synthesis. An illustrative simulation study on flux identifiability from available flux and labeling measurements in the cyclic pentose phosphate pathway of a recombinant strain of Zymomonas mobilis concludes this contribution.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-.ALPHA. (TNF-.ALPHA.) Inhibits Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) Activities in Human Trophoblast Cell Cultures Through IGF-I/Insulin Hybrid Receptors (2010)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in placenta is believed to be involved in pathogenesis of intrauterine growth restriction. In contrast, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are believed to be important for stimulation of fetal and placental growth. IGF-I stimulates metabolic and growth-promoting actions directly through its receptors: IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-I/insulin hybrid receptor (HR). However, it has not been elucidated which receptor mediates the growth promoting effects in fetal and placental growth. The current studies were undertaken to test whether TNF-alpha affects IGF-I action on placenta using human trophoblast cell cultures, and to test which receptor mediates growth promoting effects of IGF-I in placenta. Primary culture of trophoblast cells, which express IGF-IR, IR, and HR, were exposed to TNF-alpha, and the effects of IGF-I in stimulating trophoblast cell proliferation and migration were determined. Exposure to TNF-alpha attenuated the effects of IGF-I on cell proliferation and migration. To determine which receptors are involved in this inhibitory effect, the ability of IGF-I to stimulate phosphorylation of its receptors was analyzed in the presence of TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha exposure neither attenuated the phosphorylation of IGF-IR homodimer by IGF-I nor changed receptor abundance. In contrast, TNF-alpha reduced the ability of IGF-I to stimulate phosphorylation of HR with reducing amounts of HR. Exposure to TNF-alpha also attenuated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and the association of IRS-1 with phosphatydilinositol-3 kinase (PI-3 kinase). Taken together, these findings indicate that TNF-alpha induces a loss of sensitivity to stimulation by IGF-I, through reducing amounts of HR and the stimulation of HR tyrosine kinase activity by IGF-I.
New Computerized Color Image Analysis for the Quantification of Interstitial Fibrosis in Renal Transplantation (2011)

This study demonstrates that computerized color image analysis is a reliable and reproducible method to evaluate renal IF in routine practice and in multi-centric studies.
HLA-B63 Presents HLA-B57/B58-Restricted Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes and Is Associated with Low Human Immunodeficiency Virus Load (2005)

Several HLA class I alleles have been associated with slow human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression, supporting the important role HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play in controlling HIV infection. HLA-B63, the serological marker for the closely related HLA-B*1516 and HLA-B*1517 alleles, shares the epitope binding motif of HLA-B57 and HLA-B58, two alleles that have been associated with slow HIV disease progression. We investigated whether HIV-infected individuals who express HLA-B63 generate CTL responses that are comparable in breadth and specificity to those of HLA-B57/58-positive subjects and whether HLA-B63-positive individuals would also present with lower viral set points than the general population. The data show that HLA-B63-positive individuals indeed mounted responses to previously identified HLA-B57-restricted epitopes as well as towards novel, HLA-B63-restricted CTL targets that, in turn, can be presented by HLA-B57 and HLA-B58. HLA-B63-positive subjects generated these responses early in acute HIV infection and were able to control HIV replication in the absence of antiretroviral treatment with a median viral load of 3,280 RNA copies/ml. The data support an important role of the presented epitope in mediating relative control of HIV replication and help to better define immune correlates of controlled HIV infection.
Virtainer: Graphical Simulation of Container Storage Yard with Dynamic Portal Rendering (2006)

The popularity of 3D graphics has grown exponentially in the latest years, which has lead to an increase in the range of applications where this kind of representations are used. The monitoring of industrial processes is an area where this type of simulation is rarely used, being much more common to show the information in traditional 2D interfaces. An application for data visualization in maritime container terminals is introduced here. We have developed a modular system adaptable to any stacked objects problem. This paper describes the architecture of our system, its features, and the graphics techniques applied to achieve a high frame rate and keep it independent of the data size.
Robust near-infrared structured light scanning for 3D human model reconstruction (2014)

In this paper we present a novel sensing system, robust Near-infrared Structured Light Scanning (NIRSL) for three-dimensional human model scanning application. Human model scanning due to its nature of various hair and dress appearance and body motion has long been a challenging task. Previous structured light scanning methods typically emitted visible coded light patterns onto static and opaque objects to establish correspondence between a projector and a camera for triangulation. In the success of these methods rely on scanning objects with proper reflective surface for visible light, such as plaster, light colored cloth. Whereas for human model scanning application, conventional methods suffer from low signal to noise ratio caused by low contrast of visible light over the human body. The proposed robust NIRSL, as implemented with the near infrared light, is capable of recovering those dark surfaces, such as hair, dark jeans and black shoes under visible illumination. Moreover, successful structured light scan relies on the assumption that the subject is static during scanning. Due to the nature of body motion, it is very time sensitive to keep this assumption in the case of human model scan. The proposed sensing system, by utilizing the new near-infrared capable high speed LightCrafter DLP projector, is robust to motion, provides accurate and high resolution three-dimensional point cloud, making our system more efficient and robust for human model reconstruction. Experimental results demonstrate that our system is effective and efficient to scan real human models with various dark hair, jeans and shoes, robust to human body motion and produces accurate and high resolution 3D point cloud.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Access to Protoberberine Derivatives. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Production and Focusing of a High Power Relativistic Annular Electron Beam (1970)

A new electron beam injection gun has been developed to produce pulsed relativistic electron beams with a power of 1010 W. The annular shaped beam propagates in a magnetic field with efficiencies approaching 100% and its radius may be controlled by the magnetic field configuration.
Impulse-Based Dynamic Simulation (1995)

This paper discusses a new approach to dynamic simulation called impulse-based simulation. We have focused on the twin goals of physical accuracy and computational efficiency. Our simulator can accurately model complex dynamic systems in real time. The organization of this paper is as follows. Section 2 gives an overview of the impulse-based method for dynamic simulation, highlighting its differences from and advantages over more traditional constraint-based methods. Section 3 describes collision check scheduling, and how this standard bottleneck in dynamic simulation can be streamlined. Section 4 discusses our method of resolving collisions between bodies. We treat collisions in a fully general manner, accounting for friction as well as non-perfectly elastic behavior. Correctly computing collision impulses is critical for achieving physically accurate simulations. Finally, section 5 describes some of the simulations we have performed with our simulator, illustrating the speed and accuracy of the approach, and mentions some future work. B. Mirtich and J. Canny
Protection of Rats Against Dental Caries by Passive Immunization With Hen-egg-yolk Antibody (IgY) (1991)

Hen-egg-yolk antibody (IgY) was prepared against Streptococcus mutans MT8148 serotype c that was cultivated in medium containing sucrose, and it was used in passive caries-immunity studies. Specific pathogen-free rats infected with S. mutans MT8148 (c) and fed with a cariogenic diet containing more than 2% immune yolk powder developed significantly lower caries scores than did the ones infected with the same strain and fed with a diet containing only control yolk powder obtained from non-immunized hens. Similar results were obtained in an experiment with rats infected with S. mutans JC-2 (c) strain. Rats provided a diet supplemented with 0.5% immune water-soluble protein fraction containing S. mutans-specific IgY and challenged with S. mutans MT8148 exhibited significantly fewer caries lesions, compared with control rats on the normal diet.