gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE VALUE OF POSTTRANSPLANT MONITORING OF INTERLEUKIN (IL)-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, AND SOLUBLE CD23 IN THE PLASMA OF RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS (1995)

Over the past few years, the central role of cytokines in the amplification of the immune response has been reported and several studies have examined the relationship between the plasma level of individual lymphokines during renal allograft rejection. The aim of the present investigation was to study simultaneously IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and soluble CD23. Analysis of results has allowed both the prognostic value and any possible interrelationships between the measured cytokines to be determined. We studied 16 renal transplant recipients for the first 14 days after transplantation. Seven patients showed clinical evidence of acute allograft rejection and 5 showed excellent stable graft function with no signs of rejection. Primary nonfunction was seen in 4 patients. The plasma levels of each cytokine were measured by commercially available ELISA and immunoradiometric assay kits. As reported in previous studies, plasma IL-2 levels, whenever found at detectable levels, were predictive of impending graft rejection. Serial monitoring of IL-4 and IL-6 was more reliable for the differential diagnosis of rejection, particularly toward the end of the first week after transplantation. IL-3, IL-8, and soluble CD23 were not diagnostic or predictive of rejection, due to the occurrence of significantly high levels in transplant patients who showed no evidence of clinical rejection. While the value of cytokine monitoring has been shown in this study, it should be remembered that infection, although not seen in these studies, may have a profound affect on the results obtained.
Policy expressivity in the Anzere personal cloud (2011)

We present a technique for partially replicating data items at scale according to expressive policy specifications. Recent projects have addressed the challenge of policy-based replication of personal data (photos, music, etc.) within a network of devices, as an alternative to centralized online services. To date, the policies supported by such systems have been relatively simple, in order to facilitate scaling the policy calculation to large numbers of items.
Technique allowing rapid frequency sweeping in aided-acquisition phase-locked loops (1991)

Phase-locked loops employing analogue phase detectors have a capture range limited to several times the loop natural frequency. In many applications this is insufficient to accommodate the likely frequency variation of the signal to which the loop is locked, and so a sweeping technique is used to aid the acquisition process. However, the rate at which the loop may be swept is also dependent on the loop natural frequency and can be very low in practice. This paper considers a method allowing particularly rapid sweeping and involves a detailed analysis of the proposed technique along with theoretical and experimental results showing the improvement in performance that is possible.
Resistance to Radiotherapy and PD-L1 Blockade Is Mediated by TIM-3 Upregulation and Regulatory T-Cell Infiltration (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> Radiotherapy (RT) can transform the immune landscape and render poorly immunogenic tumors sensitive to PD-L1 inhibition. Here, we established that the response to combined RT and PD-L1 inhibition is transient and investigated mechanisms of resistance.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Mechanisms of resistance to RT and PD-L1 blockade were investigated in orthotopic murine head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors using mass cytometry and whole-genome sequencing. Mice were treated with anti-PD-L1 or anti-TIM-3 alone and in combination with and without RT. Tumor growth and survival were assessed. Flow cytometry was used to assess phenotypic and functional changes in intratumoral T-cell populations. Depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg) was performed using anti-CD25 antibody.<b>Results:</b> We show that the immune checkpoint receptor, TIM-3, is upregulated on CD8 T cells and Tregs in tumors treated with RT and PD-L1 blockade. Treatment with anti-TIM-3 concurrently with anti-PD-L1 and RT led to significant tumor growth delay, enhanced T-cell cytotoxicity, decreased Tregs, and improved survival in orthotopic models of HNSCC. Despite this treatment combination, the response was not durable, and analysis of relapsed tumors revealed resurgence of Tregs. Targeted Treg depletion, however, restored antitumor immunity in mice treated with RT and dual immune checkpoint blockade and resulted in tumor rejection and induction of immunologic memory.<b>Conclusions:</b> These data reveal multiple layers of immune regulation that can promote tumorigenesis and the therapeutic potential of sequential targeting to overcome tumor resistance mechanisms. We propose that targeted Treg inhibitors may be critical for achieving durable tumor response with combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5368-80. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Negishi cross-coupling of secondary alkylzinc halides with aryl/heteroaryl halides using Pd–PEPPSI–IPent (2011)

Pd-PEPPSI-IPent has proven to be an excellent catalyst for the Negishi cross-coupling reaction of secondary alkylzinc reagents with a wide variety of aryl/heteroaryl halides. Importantly, β-hydride elimination/migratory insertion of the organometallic leading to the production of isomeric coupling products has been significantly reduced using the highly-hindered Ipent ligand.
Neurite outgrowth and branching of PC12 cells on very soft substrates sharply decreases below a threshold of substrate rigidity (2007)

Rationally designed matrices for nerve tissue engineering and encapsulated cell therapies critically rely on a comprehensive understanding of neural response to biochemical as well as biophysical cues. Whereas biochemical cues are established mediators of neuronal behavior (e.g., outgrowth), physical cues such as substrate stiffness have only recently been recognized to influence cell behavior. In this work, we examine the response of PC12 neurites to substrate stiffness. We quantified and controlled fibronectin density on the substrates and measured multiple neurite behaviors (e.g., growth, branching, neurites per cell, per cent cells expressing neurites) in a large sample population. We found that PC12 neurons display a threshold response to substrate stiffness. On the softest substrates tested (shear modulus approximately 10 Pa), neurites were relatively few, short in length and unbranched. On stiffer substrates (shear modulus approximately 10(2)-10(4) Pa), neurites were longer and more branched and a greater percentage of cells expressed neurites; significant differences in these measures were not found on substrates with a shear modulus >10(2) Pa. Based on these data and comparisons with published neurobiology and neuroengineering reports of neurite mechanotransduction, we hypothesize that results from studies of neuronal response to compliant substrates are cell-type dependent and sensitive to ligand density, sample size and the range of stiffness investigated.
오리엔탈리즘과 바츨라프 세로셰프스키의 "한국" (2012)

구한말 서구의 여행가들은 한국에서 관찰한 모든 것을 다양한 형태의 기록으로 남겼고, 문자언어로 충분히 전달되지 못한 부분은 사진이나 삽화 속에 담아서 자국의 독자들에게 제시했다. 그러나 많은 경우에서 서구인들의 이러한 기록들이 객관적인 관점이 아니라 오리엔탈리즘의 관점에 바탕을 두고 고찰되고 연구되었다는 것은 주지의 사실이다. 본 연구는 구한말 열강들이 세력 확장을 위해 각축전을 벌이던 격변의 시기에 한국을 직접 경험하고 여행기 ``한국``을 남긴 폴란드 출신의 러시아 학자 바츨라프 세로셰프스키의 시선을 살펴보고자 한다. 뚜렷한 정치적, 역 사적 신념을 지니고 있던 세로셰프스키가 남긴 여행기가 어떤 점에서 여전히 오리엔탈리즘의 맥락 속에 놓여 있는가를 조망하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다.
Mining online users' access records for web business intelligence (2003)

This paper discusses about how business intelligence on a website could be obtained from users' access records instead of web logs of "hits". Users' access records are captured by implementing an Access-Control (AC) architectural model on the website. This model requires users to register their profiles in an exchange of a password; and thereafter they have to login before gaining access to certain resources on the website. The links to the resources on the website have been modified such that a record of information about the access would be recorded in the database when clicked. This way, datamining can be performed on a relatively clean set of access records about the users. Hence, a good deal of business intelligence about the users' behaviors, preferences and about the popularities of the resources (products) on the website can be gained. In this paper, we also discussed how the business intelligence acquired, in turn, can be used to provide e-CRM for the users.
CIRCULATION CONTROL BY MEANS OF TRAILING EDGE SUCTION (1953)

A theoretical and experimental investigation of the primary characteristics of trailing edge suction is reported. The theoretical study results in a mathematical method for the prediction of the performance of such a system under limited condition. The experimental study confirms the theory and extends the investigation to the determination of the effect of suction slot geometry on the lift, drag, pitching moment, and power requirement for such a system. In addition, an attempt has been made to relate to significant geometry of the airfoil-slot combination to the measured lift increase.
Production of strontium-82 for the Cardiogen<sup>®</sup> PET generator: a project of the Department of Energy Virtual Isotope Center (2000)

In December of 1989, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved 82 Rb chloride in saline solution for cardiological perfusion imaging by positron emission tomography (PET). The solution is derived from a 82 Sr generator system that is presently manufactured by Bristol Myers Squibb and distributed for clinical application in the United States by Bracco Diagnostics, Inc. Many years of research and development by people in several institutions led up to the approval for clinical use. Currently, there are about 15 sites in the U.S. that perform clinical myocardial perfusion imaging by PET using 82 Rb chloride from the generator. In order to manufacture the generators, Bristol Myers Squibb requires about 1600 mCi of 82 Sr every 30 days. The United States Department of Energy and MDS Nordion, Canada are the current suppliers with qualified Drug Master Files for the production and distribution of this nuclide for the Cardiogen ® generator. These two entities have worked together over the years to assure the regular, reliable supply of the 82 Sr. Here we describe the facilities and methods used by the Department of Energy in its Virtual Isotope Center to make and distribute the nuclide.
Unroll-and-jam using uniformly generated sets (1997)

Modern architectural trends in instruction-level parallelism (ILP) are to increase the computational power of microprocessors significantly. As a result, the demands on memory have increased. Unfortunately, memory systems have not kept pace. Even hierarchical cache structures are ineffective if programs do not exhibit cache locality. Because of this compilers need to be concerned not only with finding ILP to utilize machine resources effectively, but also with ensuring that the resulting code has a high degree of cache locality. One compiler transformation that is essential for a compiler to meet the above objectives is unroll-and-jam, or outer-loop unrolling. Previous work either has used a dependence-based model to compute unroll amounts, significantly increasing the size of the dependence graph, or has applied a more brute force technique. In this paper, we present an algorithm that uses a linear-algebra-based technique to compute unroll amounts. This technique results in an 84% reduction over dependence-based techniques in the total number of dependences needed in our benchmark suite. Additionally, there is no loss in optimization performance over previous techniques and a more elegant solution is utilized.
LIPASES PRODUZIDAS POR LEVEDURAS: CATALISADORES PODEROSOS PARA APLICAÇÕES INDUSTRIAIS (2007)

O termo “enzimas lipolíticas” refere-se a lípases e hidrolases éster carboxílico. A produção de lipase é ampla entre as leveduras, mas poucas são capazes de produzir lipases com características interessantes e em quantidades suficientes para serem industrialmente úteis. A literatura relativa a lipases produzidas por Candida rugosa, Yarrowia (Candida) lipolytica, Candida antarctica e outras leveduras produtoras de lípases é revisada. O uso de lípases recombinantes é discutido, com ênfase na utilização de sistemas de expressão heteróloga e desenho de quimeras. Finalmente, as três abordagens que visam à melhora da produção de lipase ou a modificação da seletividade do substrato da enzima (engenharia do meio, do biocatalisador e da proteína) são discutidos.
Egg and cows' milk hypersensitivity in exclusively breast fed infants with eczema, and detection of egg protein in breast milk. (1985)

Forty nine eczematous infants who were still solely and exclusively breast fed and who had never received anything but breast milk were studied for evidence of sensitisation to foods. Thirty four similar infants without eczema formed a control group. The eczematous infants were divided into three groups according to clinical criteria: (1) definite atopic eczema; (2) possible atopic eczema; (3) atopic eczema unlikely. Twenty three infants showed cutaneous hypersensitivity to foods, usually egg and cows' milk. Seven of 14 infants in group 1 and nine of 20 in group 2 were sensitised compared with four of 15 in group 3 and three of 34 controls (p less than 0.01). Ovalbumin was detected in breast milk from 14 of 19 mothers tested after ingestion of egg, the concentrations being the same for mothers feeding eczematous and normal infants. Breast fed babies developing eczema may be sensitised by foods eaten by their mothers.
Neutralizing Feature of Commercially Available Feline Calicivirus (FCV) Vaccine Immune Sera against FCV Field Isolates (1999)

Four types of commercially available feline calicivirus (FCV) vaccine were compared in terms of their efficacy on the basis of the ability of the sera of specific-pathogen-free cats immunized by two injections of each type of vaccine to neutralize FCV field isolates. Each vaccine immune serum neutralized relatively well strains F4, F9, and 255, which were FCV laboratory strains. As to 36 strains of field isolates, however, vaccines A, B, C, and D immune sera did not neutralize 18-20 of the strains (50.0%-55.6%), 19-22 of the strains (52.8%-61.1%), 22-25 of the strains (61.1%-69.4%), and 8-16 of the strains (22.2%-44.4%), respectively. These results indicate that there is much difference in neutralizing antigenicity between the existing vaccine strains and the FCV strains that are prevalent in Japan, suggesting the need for improvement of FCV vaccines.
Thermal Transformation of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles into Nanocrystalline Metal Nitrides Using Cyanamide and Urea as Nitrogen Source (2007)

Preformed metal oxide nanoparticles with varying crystallinity and different particle sizes and shapes can thermally be transformed into nanocrystalline metal nitrides in the presence of cyanamide or urea as nitrogen sources. In the case of anatase nanoparticles with crystallite sizes of 5, 10, and 20 nm, respectively, only the 5 nm sized TiO2 transformed completely into TiN. According to powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy measurements (TEM), the TiN particles are rather uniform in size and shape with a crystallite size of 3−5 nm, depending on the nitrogen source. In contrast to titania, vanadium oxide nanoparticles of much larger sizes and with different shapes reacted to nanocrystalline VN. However, the morphological features of the precursor particles are not transcribed into the final metal nitrides with an average crystallite size of 15 nm. Crystallinity plays a role too, as only amorphous tantalum oxide could be converted into nanocrystalline TaN. Furthermore, aluminum oxide γ-Al2O3, gallium oxide γ-Ga2O3, and niobium oxide nanoparticles formed AlN, GaN, and NbN, respectively, whereas HfO2 transformed into a hafnium oxide nitride compound. With the exception of GaN and TaN, all other metal nitrides contain amorphous carbon as byproduct. However, by adjusting the metal oxide-to-nitrogen source ratio, the carbon content can be minimized.
Oxalate Decarboxylase Requires Manganese and Dioxygen for Activity (2001)

The Bacillus subtilis oxalate decarboxylase (EC ), YvrK, converts oxalate to formate and CO(2). YvrK and the related hypothetical proteins YoaN and YxaG from B. subtilis have been successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant YvrK and YoaN were found to be soluble enzymes with oxalate decarboxylase activity only when expressed in the presence of manganese salts. No enzyme activity has yet been detected for YxaG, which was expressed as a soluble protein without the requirement for manganese salts. YvrK and YoaN were found to catalyze minor side reactions: oxalate oxidation to produce H(2)O(2); and oxalate-dependent, H(2)O(2)-independent dye oxidations. The oxalate decarboxylase activity of purified YvrK was O(2)-dependent. YvrK was found to contain between 0.86 and 1.14 atoms of manganese/subunit. EPR spectroscopy showed that the metal ion was predominantly but not exclusively in the Mn(II) oxidation state. The hyperfine coupling constant (A = 9.5 millitesla) of the main g = 2 signal was consistent with oxygen and nitrogen ligands with hexacoordinate geometry. The structure of YvrK was modeled on the basis of homology with oxalate oxidase, canavalin, and phaseolin, and its hexameric oligomerization was predicted by analogy with proglycinin and homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase. Although YvrK possesses two potential active sites, only one could be fully occupied by manganese. The possibility that the C-terminal domain active site has no manganese bound and is buried in an intersubunit interface within the hexameric enzyme is discussed. A mechanism for oxalate decarboxylation is proposed, in which both Mn(II) and O(2) are cofactors that act together as a two-electron sink during catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: PHENANTHRO(4,5‐BCD)FURAN DERIVATIVES PART 1, A SYNTHESIS OF 6‐HYDROXY‐1‐METHOXYPHENANTHRO(4,5‐BCD)FURAN (1973)

Abstract Ausgehend vom Dimethoxytetralon (I) werden durch Kondensation mit Äthylformiat (II) in Gegenwart von Na‐methylat in Benzol bei 20°C das Hydroxymethylentetralon (III) und daraus durch Kondensation mit Methylarylat (IV) in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin in siedendem 80%igem Methanol der Ester (V) dargestellt.
Magnetic shielding effect on oxide superconducting plates (1989)

The authors have measured a critical shielding flux density B/sub 01/ of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub y/ superconducting plates. Sintered specimens were assumed to be bulk superconductors with interconnected sub-structures and were considered to screen the magnetic field completely for applied fields of less than B/sub 01/. The critical shielding flux density was proportional to the thickness d of the specimen, as expected from an equation derived from the Bean-London critical state model. The authors have obtained 16 G/mm as a maximum shielding capacity of B/sub 01//d. The measured flux showed hysteresis when the applied field was raised above B/sub 01//.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Citrulline‐Specific Th1 Cells Are Increased in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Their Frequency Is Influenced by Disease Duration and Therapy (2014)

These findings link the presence of ACPAs in RA with Th1 cells specific for citrullinated epitopes and provide tools for disease-specific immunomonitoring of autoreactive T cells.
Human disorders of ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (2004)

The authors propose both a genetic and a functional classification for disorders of ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, as follows. Genetic classes include mutations in (1) the UBB ubiquitin gene; (2) enzymes of ubiquitination including E1, E2, E3, and related proteins; (3) deubiquitinases; (4) proteasomal subunits; and (5) substrates of ubiquitination. Functional classes include defects in (1) proteolytic degradation, (2) ubiquitin signaling, and (3) subcellular localization of substrates. Additional functional classes are likely to be defined, and individual disorders may involve multiple functional defects.
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by people in Zegie Peninsula, Northwestern Ethiopia (2007)

An ethnobotanical study was conducted from October 2005 to June 2006 to investigate the uses of medicinal plants by people in Zegie Peninsula, northwestern Ethiopia. Information was gathered from 200 people: 70 female and 130 males, using semistructured questionnaire. Of which, six were male local healers. The informants, except the healers, were selected randomly and no appointment was made prior to the visits. Informant consensus factor (ICF) for category of ailments and the fidelity level (FL) of the medicinal plants were determined. Sixty-seven medicinal plants used as a cure for 52 ailments were documented. They are distributed across 42 families and 64 genera. The most frequently utilized plant part was the underground part (root/rhizome/bulb) (42%). The largest number of remedies was used to treat gastrointestinal disorder and parasites infections (22.8%) followed by external injuries and parasites infections (22.1%). The administration routes are oral (51.4%), external (38.6%), nasal (7.9%), and ear (2.1%). The medicinal plants that were presumed to be effective in treating a certain category of disease, such as 'mich' and febrile diseases (0.80) had higher ICF values. This probably indicates a high incidence of these types of diseases in the region, possibly due to the poor socio-economic and sanitary conditions of this people. The medicinal plants that are widely used by the local people or used as a remedy for a specific ailment have higher FL values (Carissa spinarum, Clausena anisata, Acokanthera schimperi, Calpurnia aurea, Ficus thonningii, and Cyphostemma junceum) than those that are less popular or used to treat more than one type of ailments (Plumbago zeylanicum, Dorstenia barnimiana).
CrispORB: high performance CORBA for system area network (2003)

CrispORB is a high performance CORBA that enables low-latency request delivery among cluster nodes connected with the system area network (SAN) and provides a communication infrastructure for large-scale and high-volume cluster system construction with distributed object-oriented components. Compared with standard IIOP ORBs, CrispORB is be able to reduce the protocol overhead using a system area network with intelligent functions for efficient data transfer. CrispORB preserves language mapping specified by COBRA/OMG standards so that component programs written for conventional CORBA could be used without rewriting. CrispORB can manage both SAN and TCP/IP simultaneously, which means the cluster node can communicate with clients via the Internet and with other nodes on the cluster using SAN. Components need not be aware of lower connections because CrispORB selects the transport between SAN and TCP/IP automatically. We selected the VI Architecture to use SAN's communication functions, which are proposed as an industrial standard API for SAN. CrispORB will be portable onto various types of SANs. We have integrated VIA buffer management and CDR (Common Data Representation) format processing to reduce data movement cost. CrispORB was developed based on INTERSTAGE/ObjectDirector (Fujitsu'S CORBA product) and Synfinity-O (Fujitsu's SAN).