gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Clinical and radiographic features (1985)

Between April 1982 and March 1984 7 pathologically confirmed cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) were diagnosed at our institution. Only 1 case had been seen in the preceding twenty years. Four patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The others had chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and systemic lupus erythematosus. All patients presented with progressive neurological deficits. In most, the initial computed tomographic (CT) scan was disproportionately less abnormal than the clinical findings. In 5 patients the first CT scan revealed hypodensities of the cerebral white matter which lacked mass effect and did not enhance with contrast agent. The lesions were observed to enlarge progressively on CT scans but often lagged behind the rate of clinical evolution. Although 3 patients were treated with cytosine arabinoside, none improved. PML had similar clinical, radiographic, and pathological features in the AIDS and non-AIDs patients. Of 79 AIDS patients cared for at our institution between December 1979 and December 1983, 3.8% had PML. PML should be suspected in AIDS patients in the presence of the characteristic CT features, especially when CT-clinical dissociation occurs.
Some Michael Condensations Involving Benzyl Cyanide (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Michael Condensations Involving Benzyl CyanideR. W. Helmkamp, Leo J. Tanghe, and John T. PlatiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 11, 3215–3219Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01868a091https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01868a091research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA gyrase: affinity chromatography on novobiocin-Sepharose and catalytic properties (1981)

Novobiocin-Sepharose was prepared by coupling of novobiocin to Epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B and used as an affinity adsorbent. Four novobiocin-binding proteins were isolated from crude extracts of Escherichia coli with molecular weights of 105, 92, 85 and 40 kdal. The two larger proteins were identified as the A subunit (gyrA protein) and the B subunit (gyrB protein) of DNA gyrase topoisomerase II). By this method the two gyrase components can be easily separated and purified in high yield. Although both proteins are involved in the ATP-dependent supercoiling of relaxed plasmid DNA, only the gyrB protein is required for catalyzing the cleavage of ATP. The gyrB protein ATPase activity is competitively inhibited by novobiocin and related coumarin antibiotics. ATP hydrolysis is unaffected by the addition of either gyrA protein or DNA but stimulated in the presence of both.
Computing in higher education: the Athena experience (1985)

Project Athena at MIT is an experiment to explore the potential uses of advanced computer technology in the university curriculum. About 60 different educational development projects, spanning virtually all of MIT's academic departments, are already in progress.
Stochastic Gust Analysis Techniques for Aircraft Conceptual Design (2009)

Dynamic loading constraints due to maneuver and gust loads are an important design consideration for novel aircraft configurations. Incorporating these constraints in the early design process with an appropriate level of fidelity presents a significant challenge, due both to the need for more detailed aerodynamics and control modeling, and to the stochastic nature of the gust encounter problem. This paper presents a stochastic gust analysis approach that is suitable for a multidisciplinary design optimization setting that incorporates dynamic loading constraints. The analysis approach employs Lyapunov and matched filter theory methods to address the stochastic nature of the gust response. A set of gust simulation studies are carried out to assess the relative importance of the various physics involved in aircraft gust encounters and the effects of different modeling assumptions. The study demonstrates the importance of modeling rigid body motion, pitch dynamics, and aircraft flexibility, but shows that for gust encounters at typical flight conditions, a quasisteady aerodynamics assumption is reasonable for load predictions over the majority of the wing acerage, meaning that full unsteady aerodynamic simulations are likely not required for typical gust lengths. I.
Is Plasma Amyloid-&#946; a Reliable Biomarker for Alzheimers Disease? (2008)

Over the past decade, a tremendous amount of consistent data have accumulated showing reduced levels of the 42 amino acid isoform of amyloid-beta (Abeta(42)) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with mature as well as incipient Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, as CSF analyses necessitate a spinal tap, which some consider hard to implement in the clinical routine and in clinical trials, there is a strong interest in the possible association of Abeta levels in plasma with AD. This review provides an update on the current status of research on plasma Abeta as a biomarker for AD in the context of recent patents in the field.
PBSX Induction in a Temperature-sensitive Mutant of Bacillus subtilis (1978)

SUMMARY A temperature-sensitive mutant of Bacillus subtilis is described which produces PBSX phage at a non-permissive temperature (47 °C). The mutant is, in the properties tested, phenotypically identical to the mutant tsi23 reported by Siegel & Marmur (1969). Its mutation (tsi85) maps in the same chromosomal region (dal-purB) in which tsi23 is located; the two mutations are shown to be distinct but probably affect the same function. Double mutants carrying the mutations tsi and xin (which blocks the induction of PBSX by mitomycin C) do not produce PBSX at a non-permissive temperature but retain their thermosensitivity. Tsi mutants display a reduced rate of RNA synthesis at the non-permissive temperature. Such a phenotype is lost in tsi-xin double mutants, revealing that it is associated with PBSX induction. The nature of the primary lesion that leads to PBSX induction in tsi mutants remains to be ascertained.
Testing of object-oriented programs based on finite state machines (2002)

In object-oriented testing literature, a class is considered to be a basic unit of testing. A major characteristic of classes is the interaction between data members and member functions. This interaction is represented as definitions and uses of data members in member functions and can be properly modeled with finite state machines (FSM). We discuss how FSMs can be effectively used for class testing. We demonstrate how to specify the behavior of classes using FSMs and present a test case generation technique based on FSMs. In our technique, FSMs are transformed into a flow of the graph from which we can explicitly identify data flows of the FSM. Then we generate test cases using conventional data flow testing techniques upon the flow graph.
ChemInform Abstract: FOUR‐ AND FIVE‐MEMBERED PHOSPHORUS HETEROCYCLES. 65. 1,3,4‐THIAZAPHOSPHOLE (1985)

Abstract Durch aufeinanderfolgende Umsetzung der Thioamide bzw. Thioharnstoffe (I) mit den Bromiden (II), PCI, und Triethylamin werden in unterschiedlichen Ausb. die 1,3,4‐Thiazaphosphole (IV) hergestellt.
Transformation and microinjection (2006)

Copyright: © 2006 Thomas C. Evans and contributors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and contributors reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tom.evans@uchsc.edu Transformation and microinjection* Thomas C. Evans, ed., Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
ANOTHER ‘SILENCING OF BEAUVOIR’? GUESS WHAT'S MISSING THIS TIME (1994)

ANOTHER ‘SILENCING OF BEAUVOIR’? GUESS WHAT'S MISSING THIS TIME Get access TERRY KEEFE TERRY KEEFE Lancaster Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies Bulletin, Volume 15, Issue 50, SPRING 1994, Pages 18–20, https://doi.org/10.1093/frebul/15.50.18 Published: 01 March 1994
Design and analysis of opto-mechanical assemblies (2015)

Preface to the Fourth Edition Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Editors Contributors Opto-Mechanical Design Process Paul R. Yoder, Jr., David M. Stubbs, Kevin A. Sawyer, and David Aikens Environmental Influences Paul R. Yoder, Jr. Opto-Mechanical Characteristics of Materials Paul R. Yoder, Jr. Mounting Individual Lenses Paul R. Yoder, Jr. Mounting Multiple Lens Assemblies Paul R. Yoder, Jr. Design and Mounting of Windows, Domes, and Filters Paul R. Yoder, Jr. Prism Design and Applications Paul R. Yoder, Jr. Techniques for Mounting Prisms Paul R. Yoder, Jr. Design and Mounting of Small Mirrors Paul R. Yoder, Jr. Kinematic Design and Applications of Flexures Jan Nijenhuis Analysis of the Opto-Mechanical Design Paul R. Yoder, Jr. Appendix A: Summary of Methods for Testing Optical Components and Optical Instruments under Adverse Environmental Conditions Glossary Units and Conversions Index
Reduction of shrinkage in epoxy resins (1966)

Abstract Volume changes during curing of an unfilled epoxy resin using a series of anhydrides were measured. It was shown that a significant reduction in shrinkage could be achieved by proper choice of structure.
Investigation of buildup dose from electron contamination of clinical photon beams (1983)

The contribution made by contaminating electrons present in a clinical photon beam to the buildup dose in a polystyrene phantom has been calculated and compared to measurements. A Monte Carlo technique was employed. The calculation was divided into two parts. First, the accelerator treatment head was simulated in detail using the EGS-PEGS electromagnetic shower code. Then, information obtained from these calculations was used to compute dose curves in a polystyrene phantom. Two cases were considered, one in which both electrons and photons were incident upon the phantom, and another in which electrons were eliminated from the incident beam. Results of these calculations agree with recent experimental findings. A decrease in buildup dose as well as a shift in dmax was observed when electrons were eliminated from the beam.
Inhibition of 17 -Hydroxysteroid Oxidoreductase by Flavonoids in Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells (1998)

Several flavonoids and isoflavonoids were found to inhibit 17beta-oxidoreduction of estrogens by the purified 17beta-HSOR type 1, or in cell lines expressing 17beta-HSOR type 1 enzyme (T-47D breast cancer cells) or type 2 (PC-3 prostate cancer cells). The structural demands for the inhibition of estrone (E1) reduction and estradiol (E2) oxidation catalyzed by 17beta-HSOR types 1 and 2, respectively, were not identical. Flavones, flavanones, and isoflavones hydroxylated at both the double ring (positions 5 and 7) and ring B (position 4') were the most potent inhibitors of E1 reduction in T-47D cells, and by the purified type 1 enzyme whereas flavones hydroxylated at positions 3, 5, and 7 of rings A and C, with or without a hydroxyl group in ring B, were capable of inhibiting E2 oxidation in PC-3 cells. Change to flavanone structure, or hydroxylation at position 3 of ring C of flavones, or methylation of the hydroxyl group at position 4' of ring B of flavones and isoflavones reduced or abolished their inhibitory activity on E1 reduction in T-47D cells. On the contrary, hydroxyl group at position 3 of flavones (flavonol structure) markedly increased the inhibition of E2 oxidation in PC-3 cells. Thus, changes in the number and location of hydroxyl groups may discriminate inhibition of E1 reduction and E2 oxidation. Some of the differences may be due to differences in pharmacokinetics of these compounds in T-47D and PC-3 cells. Inhibition of 17beta-HSORs could lead to an alteration in the availability of the highly active endogenous estrogen, but the effects of these compounds in vivo cannot be predicted on the basis of these results alone. Some of these compounds (isoflavones) are estrogenic per se, and they may replace endogenous estrogens, whereas flavones are only very weakly estrogenic or nonestrogenic. Regarding prevention or treatment of estrogen-related diseases, apigenin, coumestrol, and genistein raise special interest.
Preemptively scheduling hard-real-time sporadic tasks on one processor (1990)

Consideration is given to the preemptive scheduling of hard-real-time sporadic task systems on one processor. The authors first give necessary and sufficient conditions for a sporadic task system to be feasible (i.e., schedulable). The conditions cannot, in general, be tested efficiently (unless P=NP). They do, however, lead to a feasibility test that runs in efficient pseudo-polynomial time for a very large percentage of sporadic task systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augment endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by enhanced release of EDRF and vasodilator prostaglandins. (1991)

Dietary supplementation with fish oil results in augmentation of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in experimental animals. The present study was designed to evaluate the direct in vitro effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) on vascular reactivity in isolated rat aortic rings. Aortic rings were incubated with the omega-6PUFA arachidonic acid (AA, 10(-7) M) or the omega-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 10(-7) M) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 10(-7) M) in an organ bath at 37 degrees C. Following contraction with norepinephrine, changes in isometric force were measured in response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilators acetylcholine (ACh, 10(-10) to 10(-5) M) or the calcium ionophore A23187 (10(-10) to 10(-5) M). Parallel sets of vascular rings were pretreated with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10(-5) M) or the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis NG-monomethyl L-arginine (L-NMMA 5 x 10(-5) M) prior to treatment with AA or EPA. Treatment of rings with EPA resulted in an increase (P less than 0.05) in ACh-mediated vasorelaxation compared both to AA-treated and buffer-treated rings (maximum relaxation 83 +/- 5% vs 46 +/- 5% and 63 +/- 4%, respectively). A similar augmentation was observed in DHA-treated rings. Pretreatment of rings with indomethacin or I-NMMA decreased (P less than 0.05) the ACh-mediated vasorelaxation, although EPA-treated rings showed less (P less than 0.05) attenuation of ACh response compared to AA-treated or untreated control rings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characterization of a thermodenuder-particle beam mass spectrometer system for the study of organic aerosol volatility and composition (2009)

Abstract. This paper describes the development and evaluation of a method for measuring the vapor pressure distribution and volatility-dependent mass spectrum of organic aerosol particles using a thermodenuder-particle beam mass spectrometer. The method is well suited for use with the widely used Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and other quantitative aerosol mass spectrometers. The data that can be obtained are valuable for modeling organic gas-particle partitioning and for gaining improved composition information from aerosol mass spectra. The method is based on an empirically determined relationship between the thermodenuder temperature at which 50% of the organic aerosol mass evaporates (T50) and the organic component vapor pressure at 25°C (P25). This approach avoids the need for complex modeling of aerosol evaporation, which normally requires detailed information on aerosol composition and physical properties. T50 was measured for a variety of monodisperse, single-component organic aerosols with known P25 values and the results used to create a logP25 vs. T50 calibration curve. Experiments and simulations were used to estimate the uncertainties in P25 introduced by variations in particle size and mass concentration as well as mixing with other components. A vapor pressure distribution and volatility-dependent mass spectrum were then measured for laboratory-generated secondary organic aerosol particles. Vaporization profiles from this method can easily be converted to a volatility basis set representation, which shows the distribution of mass vs. saturation concentration and the gas-particle partitioning of aerosol material. The experiments and simulations indicate that this method can be used to estimate organic aerosol component vapor pressures to within approximately an order of magnitude and that useful mass-spectral separation based on volatility can be achieved.
On designing intelligent hypertext systems for information management in software engineering (1987)

Information management in large scale software engineering is a challenging problem. Hypertext systems are best suited for this purpose because of the diversity in information types that is permitted in the nodes of a hypertext. The integration of a hypertext system with software engineering tools results in a software hypertext system. We describe the design of such a system called DIF. Based on our experiences in using DIF, we recognized the need and the potential for developing a hypertext system that could utilize knowledge about its users and their software tasks and products. Such a system might then be able to act as an active participant in the software process, rather than being just a passive, albeit useful storage facility. As such, we define an Intelligent Software Hypertext System (I-SHYS1) as a software hypertext system which is knowledgeable about its environment and can use such knowledge to assist in the software process. This knowledge is partly embedded in the design of an I-SHYS (in terms of the 'agents' that I-SHYS supports) and partly defined during the use of I-SHYS (in terms of tasks that agents perform). We present a framework GOT defining and organizing this knowledge, describe potential uses of such knowledge, identify limits of our approach, and suggest methods for circumventing them.
Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair: A Comparison of Sepramesh and Parietex Composite Mesh in a Rabbit Hernia Model (2006)

PCM demonstrated a substantially stronger SOI, which improved over time, and SOI of SM decreased. PCM was also superior in terms of adhesion prevention, but underwent considerably more shrinkage in this experimental model.
Structure Selectivity of Alkaline Periodate Oxidation on Lignocellulose for Facile Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals (2019)

Abstract Reported here for the first time is the alkaline periodate oxidation of lignocelluloses for the selective isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). With the high concentrations as a potassium salt at pH 10, periodate ions predominantly exist as dimeric orthoperiodate ions (H 2 I 2 O 10 4− ). With reduced oxidizing activity in alkaline solutions, dimeric orthoperiodate ions preferentially oxidized non‐ordered cellulose regions. The alkaline surroundings promoted the degradation of these oxidized cellulose chains by β‐alkoxy fragmentation and generated CNCs. The obtained CNCs were uniform in size and generally contained carboxy groups. Furthermore, the reaction solution could be reused after regeneration of the periodate with ozone gas. This method allows direct production of CNCs from diverse sources, in particular lignocellulosic raw materials including sawdust (European beech and Scots pine), flax, and kenaf, in addition to microcrystalline cellulose and pulp.
A fully affine invariant image comparison method (2009)

A fully affine invariant image comparison method, Affine-SIFT (ASIFT) is introduced. While SIFT is fully invariant with respect to only four parameters namely zoom, rotation and translation, the new method treats the two left over parameters : the angles defining the camera axis orientation. Against any prognosis, simulating all views depending on these two parameters is feasible. The method permits to reliably identify features that have undergone very large affine distortions measured by a new parameter, the transition tilt. State-of-the-art methods hardly exceed transition tilts of 2 (SIFT), 2.5 (Harris-Affine and Hessian-Affine) and 10 (MSER). ASIFT can handle transition tilts up 36 and higher (see Fig. 1).
Labor Economics and the Nonprofit Sector: A Literature Review (1990)

The economics literature on nonprofit utilization of employees and volunteers is reviewed and synthesized. Economic motivations for volunteering and accepting volunteers are explored along with inter actions between gifts of time and of money and the economic value of volunteer labor. Also examined are factors explaining wage differ ences between the nonprofit and for-profit sectors and the differential employment of women and minorities.
The next challenge for cellular networks: backhaul (2009)

Growth in the number of mobile users, coupled with the strong uptake of wireless broadband services, is driving high transport capacity requirements among cellular networks. However, revenues are not scaling linearly with increases in traffic. Demand for optimizing the cost efficiency of backhaul is becoming as critical as investment in the radio infrastructure. As a result, new transmission technologies, topologies, and network architectures are emerging in an attempt to ease the backhaul cost and capacity crunch.
Much abnormality in colonic mucosa in patients with familial polyposis coli (1987)

Colonic mucosa of the left colon in 41 patients with familial polyposis coli (FPC) was stained by a periodic acid-thionin Schiff/potassium hydroxide/periodic acid-Schiff method in which the normal colonic mucosa usually stained red and carcinoma stained blue or purple. In FPC 82.9% stained blue or purple whereas 35.5% stained blue or purple in normal controls. The data suggest that sialomucin properties of the flat mucosa surrounding polyps in FPC are different from those of the normal colon and that this simple technique may be useful for the early detection of high-risk family members in the FPC family.
Fine and coarse dust separation with polarization lidar (2014)

Abstract. The polarization-lidar photometer networking (POLIPHON) method for separating dust and non-dust aerosol backscatter and extinction, volume, and mass concentration is extended to allow for a height-resolved separation of fine-mode and coarse-mode dust properties in addition. The method is applied to a period with complex aerosol layering of fine-mode background dust from Turkey and Arabian desert dust from Syria. The observation was performed at the combined European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) site of Limassol (34.7° N, 33° E), Cyprus, in September 2011. The dust profiling methodology and case studies are presented. Consistency between the column-integrated optical properties obtained with sun/sky photometer and the respective results derived by means of the new lidar-based method corroborate the applicability of the extended POLIPHON version.