gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A B-ISDN-compatible modem/codec (2002)

Coded modulation techniques for developing a B-ISDN (broadband integrated services digital network)-compatible modem/codec are investigated. The selected baseband processor system must support transmission of 155.52 Mb/s of data over an Intelsat 72-MHz transponder. Fundamental system parameters, including channel symbol rate, code rate, and the modulation scheme, are determined. From several candidate codes, a coded octal PSK (phase-shift keying) modulation is selected, and its bit-error-rate performance is analyzed by computer simulation. The hardware implementation complexity of the decoder for the selected code is also examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Arthroscopic measurement of chondromalacia of patella cartilage using a microminiature pressure transducer (1987)

A microminiature pressure transducer was constructed to measure chondromalacia of the medial patellar facet under arthroscopic control. Normal and abnormal values were established. Among a group of 58 knees with no patellofemoral symptoms or signs, 30 knees measured "soft" using this instrument. Among a group of 107 knees with patellofemoral symptoms and signs, 98 knees measured "soft." Of these 98 knees, 55 had no observable change in the articular surface of the patella.
Collagen-induced polyarthritis in rats: a study of native type II collagen for adjuvant activity. (1980)

Collagen-induced polyarthritis in rats is a new experimental model that shares clinical and histologic features with adjuvant arthritis. To determine whether collagen-induced arthritis is a form of adjuvant disease and to further exclude contamination of collagen with an adjuvant substance, native type II collagen was studied for adjuvant properties. IgM and IgG PFC activity and PBMC [3H]TdR incorporation were studied in rats after injection with TNP-OA combined with IFA, IFA and CII, or CFA. In general, humoral and CMI responses to TNP-OA were lower in rats injected with IFA/CII compared with those with IFA; the presence of CII during primary immunization failed to significantly enhance PFC activity to TNP after a boost. CFA-injected rats gave maximal values in both studies. Mice pretreated with BII in the absence of oil gave PFC responses below control after sensitization with SRC. Furthermore, CII was unable to replace mycobacteria in the induction of EAE in rats and was devoid of mitogenic or polyclonal stimulatory properties. It is concluded that collagen-induced arthritis is a distinct entity from adjuvant arthritis and is dependent upon the unique immunogenicity of type II collagen in rats rather than upon an adjuvant effect.
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI (1934)

THE ACTIVE FIBRINOLYTIC PRINCIPLE PRESENT IN CULTURES OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI CAN BE ISOLATED IN STABLE FORM, AND PARTIALLY PURIFIED BY THE FOLLOWING METHODS: 1. Precipitation of culture filtrate with 3 volumes of 95 per cent ethyl alcohol. 2. Adsorption upon polyaluminum hydroxide B of Willstätter (5) followed by elution with M/10 sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.3. Concentration can be best accomplished by vacuum dialysis (4) of either culture filtrates or preparations obtained by adsorption and elution. The streptococcal fibrinolysin is characterized by the following properties: 1. It may resist heating to 100 degrees C. for 60 minutes; variations in thermal resistance are described. 2. Partially purified preparations give positive tests for protein. Activity is rapidly and completely destroyed by trypsin or papain. 3. The active principle is demonstrable in dissolved fibrin even after 18 hours incubation.
Transdermal application of prostaglandin E<sub>1</sub> ethyl ester for the treatment of trophic acral skin lesions in a patient with systemic scleroderma (2002)

An early dinical symptom in scleroderma patients is Raynaud's phenomenon. Later cutaneous manifestations of the disease include oedematous swelling in the extremities and in more extreme cases often very painful, refractory acral necroses. We report on a 56-year-old female patient who participated in a prospective, double-blind, multicentre comparative pilot study because of her severe Raynaud symptoms, with dystrophic skin lesions on both hands. The goal of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prostaglandin E1 ethyl ester in a transdermal drug delivery system compared with placebo in patients with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon associated with systemic scleroderma or mixed connective tissue disease. After 2 weeks of verum treatment the patient experienced a marked improvement of Raynaud's attacks, with increased capillary flow velocity, reduced blood stasis and dinical healing of the acral trophic lesions. For this patient the transdermal application of prostaglandin E1 ethyl ester in the form of a medicated patch proved to be a simple and effective therapy for the acral trophic skin lesions associated with systemic scleroderma.
NMR signal reception: Virtual photons and coherent spontaneous emission (1997)

In portions of the magnetic resonance community, there is a misunderstanding of the process of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal generation and reception, and even in accepted texts, it is frequently described in terms of absorption and emission of radio waves, or radiation, by a two-level quantum system. While this explanation can be refuted, for those who do understand that the NMR free induction decay signal is easily explained by Faraday's law of induction, reconciling the presence of an induced electromotive force with an apparent absence of transitions between nuclear energy levels causes conceptual problems. This difficulty is examined, and an explanation of the signal given whereby Faraday's law is explained simply in terms of an exchange of virtual photons. The article thus attempts to reconcile the standard engineering approach to signal reception with a quantum mechanical description of the NMR phenomenon. Radiation damping and its relations to detection of the induced signal and to signal-to-noise ratio are then scrutinized, and the misleading nature of the appellation noted. In the process, it is shown that while damping is inherently necessary for signal detection and the transfer of energy that it entails, the degree of such damping depends on the efficiency of the detector—in other words, of the preamplifier in the NMR receiver—and can therefore be minimized. Mathematics in the article is kept to a minimum; proofs of the Principle of Reciprocity description of Faraday's law for reception of both signal and noise from a conducting sample are given in an appendix. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 9: 277–297, 1997
Increased use of prophylactic vena cava filters in trauma patients failed to decrease overall incidence of pulmonary embolism (1999)

Increased use of PVCFs failed to decrease the overall rate of PE in our trauma patient population.
Spatiotemporal phase unwrapping for real‐time phase‐contrast flow MRI (2014)

The proposed phase unwrapping method for real-time flow MRI allows for measurements with reduced velocity encoding and increased VNR.
CALIBRATION OF DIFFRACTOMETERS II: INTERNAL CONSISTENCY AND THE BALANCE (2003)

The paper outlines recent results from experiments devoted to evaluate the instrumental performance of Bragg-Brentano geometry based diffractometers. Reproducibility, repeatability, and accuracy increased when calibration procedures are taken into account. The evaluation of internal consistency is required for a good quality calibration process, a good check of the optical alignment, and accurate preparation of specimen as well. The results discussed here refer in particular to the contribution given by the asymmetric component of peaks on the short wavelength side of the main diffraction lines. An appropriate evaluation of this asymmetric component increases the accuracy of data processing.
Automatic Rooftop Extraction in Nadir Aerial Imagery of Suburban Regions Using Corners and Variational Level Set Evolution (2012)

Building profile extraction from aerial imagery constitutes a key element in numerous geospatial applications. Rooftop detection has been addressed through a variety of approaches that are, however, rarely capable of coping with conditions such as arbitrary illumination, variant reflections, and complex building profiles. This paper proposes a new method for extracting 2-D rooftop footprints from nadir aerial imagery through a fully automatic approach that handles arbitrary illumination, variant reflections, and complex building profiles without shape priors. The proposed method combines the strength of energy-based approaches with distinctiveness of corners. Corners are assessed using multiple color and color-invariance spaces. A rooftop outline is generated from selected corner candidates and further refined to fit the best possible boundaries through level-set curve evolution that is enhanced via a mean squared error map. Experimental results confirm the ability of the presented system to effectively extract rooftop profiles with an overall average shape accuracy of 84%, correctness of 94%, completeness of 92 %, and quality of 88%.
Susceptibility Measurements Support High- <i>T</i> <sub>c</sub> Superconductivity in the Ba-La-Cu-O System (1987)

The magnetic susceptibility of ceramic samples in the metallic BaLaCuO system has been measured as a function of temperature. This system had earlier shown characteristic sharp drops in resistivity at low temperatures. It is found that, for small magnetic fields of less than 0.1 T, the samples become diamagnetic at somewhat lower temperatures than the resistivity drop. The highest-temperature diamagnetic shift occurs at (33 ± 2) K, and may be related to shielding currents at the onset of percolative superconductivity. The diamagnetic susceptibility can be suppressed with external fields of 1 to 5 T.
The Immune Adjuvant Properties of Front-line Carboplatin-Paclitaxel: A Randomized Phase 2 Study of Alternative Schedules of Intravenous Oregovomab Chemoimmunotherapy in Advanced Ovarian Cancer (2008)

Oregovomab is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes CA125 and forms circulating immune complexes that can elicit immunity against both tumor antigen and tumor. This study was designed to assess combining this immunotherapy at 2 dosing schedules with front-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Forty patients with stage III/IV carcinomas were randomized to receive a 2 mg oregovomab infusion either the same day [simultaneous infusion (SIM)] or 1 week after [1-week delayed (OWD)] standard carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy at cycles 1, 3, and 5, then quarterly for up to 11 antibody doses. The primary end point was antibody response to oregovomab. Secondary end points included cellular immune response, response rate to front-line treatment, and progression-free survival. A different immune response pattern was observed between the SIM arm and the OWD arm, baseline plasma cytokines were balanced. Humoral immunity occurred more rapidly (P=0.0033) and with greater magnitude in the SIM arm. Absolute lymphocyte counts decreased in the SIM arm at cycles 3 and 5 compared with baseline. Treatment emergent CA125-specific cellular immunity was measured more commonly with SIM (P=0.04) and clinical parameters directionally favored this schedule. The immune responses were stronger than those measured in a previous maintenance monoimmunotherapy protocol. Immunotherapy-associated toxicity was minimal in this study. Front-line chemotherapy with carboplatin-paclitaxel has immune adjuvant properties when combined with oregovomab immunotherapy; however, schedule is important. SIM strategies of carboplatin and paclitaxel should be further studied with oregovomab and other antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy approaches.
''Loryeclectus '' Kissin' Cousins!! (1995)

S ince my only roommates consist of nine Eclectus, and a plain ol' garden variety, Red Lory, I do have an opinion that they are very related. First of all, the most obvious is the feather quality. Eclectus have hair-like feathers covering their heads and neck, and as I look at my lory, she also has soft, fine hair-feathers. The general body shape and head structure of both parrots is also very close in my opinion. The lory's beak is so close in color to the male Eclectus; plus, shape-wise, it looks like an elongated Eclectus beak. My lory is allowed the run of the house 24 hours, so I am able to watch her climb all over the Eclectus cage, and interact with them. Her favorite playmate is a male Biaki Eclectus, who is extremely animated and playful. The Biaki subspecies is on the small end of the Eclectus group, about the size of a Solomon Eclectus. They are never still for a minute. Inquisitive and charged with energy, the Biakis have an electric tension that equals and sometimes surpasses that of my lory. These pint sized Eclectus hang upside down from their perches, and are constantly into everything. Animation should be their middle name! I also find my Red-sided Eclectus is more active than the Vosmaeri Eclectus (which is one of the largest of the Eclectus). It seems that the larger they are, the more laid back they become. One of the lory's favorite positions is laying on her back, not surprising for a Jory. I also have two Eclectus hens that are very comfortable on their backs. They do sea otter imitations of riding the waves in Morro Bay, quite comfortably in public, even with groups of people watching them. I feel that the talking abilities are about the same in lories and Edectus. My Jory says all the same words as does the Eclectus. Yes, the Eclectus do have a more slender tongue than other species of parrots and I've noticed that they use their tongues in a more probing motion, which is so much like the Jories. As for food selection, both groups of birds (Eclectus and lories) will pick out berries, grapes, pomegranates or any nectar-type of fruit as their first choice from the food dish. Both groups will throw out the boring stuff, only to investigate much later. I have noticed that neither group really want to use a foot to hold their food. They will pick food up with their beaks but will place it back in the food dish rather than hold it in one of their feet. Whether readers will agree with me or not, I sincerely feel that somewhere back in time (who knows how far), that both lories and Eclectus were much more similar in appearance and that they evolved over the years to look as they appear today. They used to be brothers and sisters; nowadays it is probably more like first cousins. ,..
Electronic Structure Tailoring and Selective Adsorption Mechanism of Metal-coated Nanotubes (2007)

Effects of various metal coating (Co, Ti, Pd, W, and Ru) on electronic structures of carbon nanotubes are systematically studied by both ab initio calculations and field-emission experiments. The theoretical results indicate that the adsorption of metal atoms leads to substantial changes in the band structures and work functions of nanotubes. In particular, titanium is found to be the most effective coating material for the application of nanotubes to the field emission display, by lowering the work function and increasing the local density of states near the Fermi level. This is confirmed by the field-emission experiments using Ti-coated nanotubes, which shows enhanced emission performances. In addition, it is found that the Ti coating extends the lifetime of the nanotube substantially. Through the thermogravimetric analysis and theoretical modeling, we propose that this is related to the role of metal coating as a protection layer against residual gases such as oxygen, which cause the degradation of nanotubes. The applications of metal-coated nanotubes to other types of electronic devices are also discussed.
Mathematical Analysis of Average Response Values for Nonstationary Data (1964)

Quantitative results are derived for the accuracy to be associated with average response computations on a wide class of nonstationary physical data as a function of underlying signal and noise properties and the sample size used by the average response computer. Input and output SNR's are defined in terms of these quantities. Statistical confidence bands are determined for both arbitrary probability distributions and for Gaussian probability distributions, which indicate how closely a measured sample mean value approximates the true mean value at any time.
Oncogenetic tree modeling of human hepatocarcinogenesis (2011)

Classical comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been used to identify recurrent genomic alterations in human HCC. As hepatocarcinogenesis is considered as a stepwise process, we applied oncogenetic tree modeling on all available classical CGH data to determine occurrence of genetic alterations over time. Nine losses (1p, 4q, 6q, 8p, 9p, 13q, 16p, 16q and 17p) and ten gains (1q, 5p, 6p, 7p, 7q, 8q, 17q, 20p, 20q and Xq) of genomic information were used to build the oncogenetic tree model. Whereas gains of 1q and 8q together with losses of 8p formed a cluster that represents early etiology-independent alterations, the associations of gains at 6q and 17q as well as losses of 6p and 9p were observed during tumor progression. HBV-induced HCCs had significantly more chromosomal aberrations compared to HBV-negative tumors. Losses of 1p, 4q and 13q were associated with HBV-induced HCCs, whereas virus-negative HCCs showed an association of gains at 5p, 7, 20q and Xq. Using five aberrations that were significantly associated with tumor dedifferentiation a robust progression model of stepwise human hepatocarcinogensis (gain 1q → gain 8q → loss 4q → loss 16q → loss 13q) was developed. In silico analysis revealed that protumorigenic candidate genes have been identified for each recurrently altered hotspot. Thus, oncogenic candidate genes that are coded on chromosome arms 1q and 8q are promising targets for the prevention of malignant transformation and the development of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of human HCC that may significantly improve the treatment options and thus prognosis of HCC patients.
Mechanism of hERG K<sup>+</sup>channel blockade by the fluoroquinolone antibiotic moxifloxacin (2006)

The fluoroquinolone antibiotic moxifloxacin has been associated with the acquired long QT syndrome and is used as a positive control in the evaluation of the QT-interval prolonging potential of new drugs. In common with other QT-prolonging agents, moxifloxacin is known to inhibit the hERG potassium K+ channel, but at present there is little mechanistic information available on this action. This study was conducted in order to characterise the inhibition of hERG current (I(hERG)) by moxifloxacin, and to determine the role in drug binding of the S6 aromatic amino-acid residues Tyr652 and Phe656. hERG currents were studied using whole-cell patch clamp (at room temperature and at 35-37 degrees C) in an HEK293 cell line stably expressing hERG channels. Moxifloxacin reversibly inhibited currents in a dose-dependent manner. We investigated the effects of different voltage commands to elicit hERG currents on moxifloxacin potency. Using a 'step-ramp' protocol, the IC50 was 65 microM at room temperature and 29 microM at 35 degrees C. When a ventricular action potential waveform was used to elicit currents, the IC50 was 114 microM. Block of hERG by moxifloxacin was found to be voltage-dependent, occurred rapidly and was independent of stimulation frequency. Mutagenesis of the S6 helix residue Phe656 to Ala failed to eliminate or reduce the moxifloxacin-mediated block whereas mutation of Tyr652 to Ala reduced moxifloxacin block by approximately 66%. Our data demonstrate that moxifloxacin blocks the hERG channel with a preference for the activated channel state. The Tyr652 but not Phe656 S6 residue is involved in moxifloxacin block of hERG, concordant with an interaction in the channel inner cavity.
Regulation of the expression of IL-6 in human monocytes. (1989)

IL-6 is a cellular regulatory molecule with various cell-dependent functions. We have studied the control of IL-6 expression in human monocytes because they play a key role in the production of this molecule. The effects of adherence and different cytokines including CSF-1, IFN-gamma, IL-1 alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF were tested on IL-6 expression. IL-6 mRNA was usually not detected in the starting population of PBMC. Adherence induced IL-6 gene expression in monocytes in less than 2 h and subsequently IL-6 secretion. Priming of monocytes by adherence was more efficient for IL-6 overinduction by CSF-1. In contrast, high level induction of IL-6 by IFN-gamma in unfractionated PBMC did not require adherence and in situ hybridization revealed that IL-6 mRNA was present in monocytes but not in lymphocytes. A similar phenomenon was observed for IL-1 alpha and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF. Two cell lines, HL-60 and U937, in which monocytic differentiation occurs after induction by PMA, were subsequently investigated. IL-6 was not constitutively detectable in these two cell lines, whereas PMA treatment induced IL-6 expression. This effect was rapid (30 min) and transitory in HL-60, whereas IL-6 mRNA was still detected after 72 h of induction in U937. Addition of human rIL-6 on U937 and HL-60 cells inhibited their proliferation and enhanced expression of HLA class I Ag.
Group Interaction Modelling of Polymer Properties (1995)

The model framework - group interaction modelling (GIM), thermal energy, model parameters, discussion - energy levels as states of matter polymer properties below the glass transition - volumetric properties, mechanical properties - viscoelasticity, failure initiation conditions, strain and time dependent mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, surface appearance glass transition temperature Tg - model for glass transition, aspects of Thermodynamic Tg, kinetics of the glass transition properties above the glass transition - equation of state, the rubber plateau zone, dynamic mechanical properties - linear viscoelasticity, polymer rheology and nonlinear viscoelasticity references glossary of symbols and abbreviations.
Internal-node waveform analysis of MMIC power amplifiers (1995)

A novel internal-node waveform probing technique has been demonstrated on a C-band monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifier. The error of the measurement and its perturbance to circuit operation was estimated and verified to be within /spl plusmn/10%. Valuable insight was obtained from the variation of waveforms as a function of frequency, drive and location. The potential impact of this technique includes MMIC design verification, in-situ device model extraction, process diagnosis, and reliability assessment.
Focus on Risperidone (2000)

SummaryRisperidone is a relatively new antipsychotic available world-wide since the early 1990s. It has been characterised as atypical, but shares some of the extrapyramidal side-effect profile of the earlier antipsychotics, when used at doses higher than those recommended by the manufacturer (4–6 mg/day). There is now adequate comparison with conventional antipsychotics to suggest its superiority, but a depot formulation is needed to complete the picture.