gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Articulating Versus Static Spacers in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Sepsis (2000)

Antibiotic laden spacer blocks frequently are used to treat an infected total knee arthroplasty. Static spacer blocks make exposure at reimplantation difficult secondary to quadriceps shortening. Unexpected bone loss attributable to migration of the spacer block also has been reported. To avoid these problems, a temporary articulating molded implant made of antibiotic cement was used in a consecutive series. The authors sought to determine whether its use would affect the reinfection rate, improve functional results, or prevent bone loss compared with static spacers. Twenty-five patients were treated with static nonarticulating spacers. Since 1996, 30 patients have been treated with tobramycin-laden articulating spacers. The knee arthroplasties in three patients treated with a static spacer became reinfected (12%). The knee arthroplasty in one patient with an articulating spacer became reinfected (7%). Fifteen of the 25 patients with static spacers had unexpected bone loss between stages. No appreciable bone loss could be measured in the patients who received articulating spacers. The average Hospital for Special Surgery score was 83 points in the patients with static spacers and 84 points for the patients with articulating spacers. Range of motion at final followup averaged 98 degrees in the patients who received static spacers and 105 degrees in the patients who received articulating spacers. Articulating spacers seem to facilitate reimplantation of infected total knee arthroplasty without additional risk of infection. Unexpected bone loss is no longer a concern with this two-stage technique. Articulating spacers offered no functional advantage over static spacers in this study group.
Direct <i>N</i><i>-</i>Acetyl Enamine Formation:  Lithium Bromide Mediated Addition of Methyllithium to Nitriles (2006)

An improved protocol for N-acetyl enamine formation is disclosed which involves LiBr-mediated addition of MeLi to substituted nitriles. The resulting enamides are isolated in high yields and excellent purity which permits subsequent hydrogenation at very low catalyst loading.
Generalized Least Squares (2004)

Preface.1 Preliminaries.1.1 Overview.1.2 Multivariate Normal and Wishart Distributions.1.3 Elliptically Symmetric Distributions.1.4 Group Invariance.1.5 Problems.2 Generalized Least Squares Estimators.2.1 Overview.2.2 General Linear Regression Model.2.3 Generalized Least Squares Estimators.2.4 Finiteness of Moments and Typical GLSEs.2.5 Empirical Example: CO2 Emission Data.2.6 Empirical Example: Bond Price Data.2.7 Problems.3 Nonlinear Versions of the Gauss-Markov Theorem.3.1 Overview.3.2 Generalized Least Squares Predictors.3.3 A Nonlinear Version of the Gauss-Markov Theorem in Prediction.3.4 A Nonlinear Version of the Gauss-Markov Theorem in Estimation.3.5 An Application to GLSEs with Iterated Residuals.3.6 Problems.4 SUR and Heteroscedastic Models.4.1 Overview.4.2 GLSEs with a Simple Covariance Structure.4.3 Upper Bound for the Covariance Matrix of a GLSE.4.4 Upper Bound Problem for the UZE in an SUR Model.4.5 Upper Bound Problems for a GLSE in a Heteroscedastic Model.4.6 Empirical Example: CO2 Emission Data.4.7 Problems.5 Serial Correlation Model.5.1 Overview.5.2 Upper Bound for the Risk Matrix of a GLSE.5.3 Upper Bound Problem for a GLSE in the Anderson Model.5.4 Upper Bound Problem for a GLSE in a Two-equation Heteroscedastic Model.5.5 Empirical Example: Automobile Data.5.6 Problems.6 Normal Approximation.6.1 Overview.6.2 Uniform Bounds for Normal Approximations to the Probability Density Functions.6.3 Uniform Bounds for Normal Approximations to the Cumulative Distribution Functions.6.4 Problems.7 Extension of Gauss-Markov Theorem.7.1 Overview.7.2 An Equivalence Relation on S(n).7.3 A Maximal Extension of the Gauss-Markov Theorem.7.4 Nonlinear Versions of the Gauss-Markov Theorem.7.5 Problems.8 Some Further Extensions.8.1 Overview.8.2 Concentration Inequalities for the Gauss-Markov Estimator.8.3 Efficiency of GLSEs under Elliptical Symmetry.8.4 Degeneracy of the Distributions of GLSEs.8.5 Problems.9 Growth Curve Model and GLSEs.9.1 Overview.9.2 Condition for the Identical Equality between the GME and the OLSE.9.3 GLSEs and Nonlinear Version of the Gauss-Markov Theorem .9.4 Analysis Based on a Canonical Form.9.5 Efficiency of GLSEs.9.6 Problems.A. Appendix.A.1 Asymptotic Equivalence of the Estimators of theta in the AR(1) Error Model and Anderson Model.Bibliography.Index.
Efficient Structural Modification of Triphenylamine-Based Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2008)

A series of new organic D−π−A dyes, coded as DS-1, DS-2, DS-3, and DS-4, was designed, synthesized, and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. These dyes consist of a di( p-tolyl)phenylamine moiety as an electron donor, a cyanoacetic acid moiety as an electron acceptor/anchoring group, and different types of conducting thiophene units as electron spacers to bridge the donor and acceptor. It was found that both the use of di( p-tolyl)phenylamine donor and the variation of electron spacers in the D−π−A dyes played an essential role in modifying and/or tuning physical properties of organic dyes. These dyes were developed as sensitizers for the application in dye-sensitized TiO 2 nanocrystalline solar cells (DSSCs), and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated. The DSSCs based on the dyes gave good performance in terms of incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) in the range of 400−700 nm. A solar-energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 7.00% was obtained with the DSSC based on 5-[[2-[ p-(di- p-tolylamino)]styryl]thiophene-yl]thiophene-2-cyanoacrylic acid (DS-2) under simulated AM 1.5 G irradiation (100 mW/cm 2): short-circuit current density ( J sc) of 15.3 mA cm −2; open-circuit voltage ( V oc) of 0.633 V; fill factor (FF) of 0.725. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggests that the electron-transfer distribution moves from the donor unit to the acceptor under light irradiation, which means efficient intramolecular charge transfer.
An evaluation of inert and resorbale ceramics for future clinical orthopedic applications (1971)

Abstract The compatibility of implanted ceramic materials with autogenous bone, and the subsequently noted influence of the ceramic on the rate of new bone formation, were investigated to evaluate such materials for use in orthopedic implants. Three ceramic materials, aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), and calcium aluminate (yCaO · xAl 2 O 3 ) were tested. These were placed in the femurs of rhesus monkeys for periods of 50, 100, and 350 days. Definite compatability between the autogenous bone and the materials was exhibited for the implant time periods evaluated. No toxicogenic activity was noted in any of the biochemical, biomedical, and ceramographic evolutions. An added benefit resulted from the calcium aluminate composition, which was fabricated as a two‐phase oxide material to make it slightly soluble in the body fluids. In the 50‐ and 100‐ day implants, the bone penetrated the ceramic for distances up to 100 μ while the ceramic dissolved and the pores enlarged. In addition, the mineralization in the area of the calcium aluminate was greater than that found around the other ceramics. Radiographs over the entire 350‐day implant period confirmed the increased callus formation around all of the materials with no signs of rejection evident in the surrounding osseous or soft tissues. After 350 days the entire pore area of the calcium aluminate ceramic was infiltrated with a columnar substance which on the basis of scanning electron microscope procedures was considered to be mineralized osteoid.
A mathematical model of immunohistochemical preparations, which provides quantitative predictions (2004)

A mathematical model of the reaction between primary antibody and epitope is described using the Law of Mass Action to define the reaction quantitatively. The model explains some of the peculiar properties of immunohistochemical preparations. It also predicts that antibody excess over epitope will not increase staining intensity for very avid primary antibodies. This property can be exploited to measure the amount of epitope in histological sections. The assumptions of the model are not specific to immunohistochemistry, and such reasoning should be widely applicable to tests based on highly avid detection systems with high amplification of the initial signal.
Identification of novel small molecules that elevate Klotho expression (2011)

The absence of Klotho (KL) from mice causes the development of disorders associated with human aging and decreased longevity, whereas increased expression prolongs lifespan. With age, KL protein levels decrease, and keeping levels consistent may promote healthier aging and be disease-modifying. Using the KL promoter to drive expression of luciferase, we conducted a high-throughput screen to identify compounds that activate KL transcription. Hits were identified as compounds that elevated luciferase expression at least 30%. Following validation for dose-dependent activation and lack of cytotoxicity, hit compounds were evaluated further in vitro by incubation with opossum kidney and Z310 rat choroid plexus cells, which express KL endogenously. All compounds elevated KL protein compared with control. To determine whether increased protein resulted in an in vitro functional change, we assayed FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23) signalling. Compounds G-I augmented ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) phosphorylation in FGFR (fibroblast growth factor receptor)-transfected cells, whereas co-transfection with KL siRNA (small interfering RNA) blocked the effect. These compounds will be useful tools to allow insight into the mechanisms of KL regulation. Further optimization will provide pharmacological tools for in vivo studies of KL.
Deep Feature Compression for Collaborative Object Detection (2018)

Recent studies have shown that the efficiency of deep neural networks in mobile applications can be significantly improved by distributing the computational workload between the mobile device and the cloud. This paradigm, termed collaborative intelligence, involves communicating feature data between the mobile and the cloud. The efficiency of such approach can be further improved by lossy compression of feature data, which has not been examined to date. In this work we focus on collaborative object detection and study the impact of both near-lossless and lossy compression of feature data on its accuracy. We also propose a strategy for improving the accuracy under lossy feature compression. Experiments indicate that using this strategy, the communication overhead can be reduced by up to 70% without sacrificing accuracy.
Particle image velocimetry: rapid transparency analysis using optical correlation (1988)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Jeremy M. Coupland and Neil A. Halliwell, "Particle image velocimetry: rapid transparency analysis using optical correlation," Appl. Opt. 27, 1919-1921 (1988) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Resveratrol attenuates testicular apoptosis in type 1 diabetic mice: Role of Akt-mediated Nrf2 activation and p62-dependent Keap1 degradation (2017)

Infertility is a common complication in diabetic men, mainly due to the loss of germ cells by apoptotic cell death. However, effective and safe approaches to prevent diabetic induction of testicular apoptosis for diabetic patients have not been available. Resveratrol (RSV), a group of compounds called polyphenols from plants, has been indicated its promising used clinically for cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed determining whether RSV attenuates type 1 diabetes (T1D)-induced testicular apoptotic cell death in a mouse model. We found that testicular apoptosis and oxidative stress levels were significantly higher in T1D mice than control mice. In addition, the phosphorylation level of metabolism-related Akt and GSK-3β was downregulated and Akt negative regulators PTEN, PTP1B and TRB3 were upregulated in the T1D group. These effects were partially prevented by RSV treatment. Nrf2 and its downstream genes, such as NQO-1, HO-1, SOD, catalase and metallothionein were significantly upregulated by RSV treatment. In addition, RSV-induced Nrf2 activation was found due to Keap1 degradation, mainly reliant on p62 that functions as an adaptor protein during autophagy. These results indicate that the attenuation of T1D-induced testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis by RSV treatment was mainly related to Akt-mediated Nrf2 activation via p62-dependent Keap1 degradation.
Photodegradation of a polypropylene filled with lanthanide complexes (2015)

This research aims at studying the photodegradation of a polypropylene formulation filled with lanthanide complexes. These complexes can be used as tracers for the identification of polymer materials in order to facilitate an high speed automatic sorting of plastic wastes for an economically efficient recycling. By paying attention to the evolution of carbonyl absorption bands in FTIR spectra, it is observed that the addition of lanthanide complexes into our formulation improves UV stability of polypropylene by reducing the extent of photo-degradation. Furthermore, TG analyses show that the traced blends can maintain better thermal properties, after irradiation. A significant increase of the crystallinity degree and a decrease of the melting temperature are more pronounced for the unfilled UV–irradiated PP. This might result from chemi-crystallization that can occur when chain entanglements are broken as a result of chain scissions. From SEM analyses, it is observed that the severity of surface cracks induced by photo degradation is reduced for filled PP. The mechanical tests are in agreement with this result and show a fundamental change in the behavior of the as-exposed blends from a ductile to a brittle material.
Synchronous DRAM evolutionary changes bring cost/performance advantages in memory systems (2002)

SDRAMs are DRAM type products that can offer an evolutionary change with performance advantages for memory systems previously unachievable with traditional DRAMs. These advantages are based on a synchronous I/O interface and improved internal architecture that enables faster data throughput rates. Performance estimations done to compare DRAMs with SDRAMs for various miss ratios and CPU clock/bus clock ratios show significant system performance improvement. With their evolutionary transition SDRAMs are minimizing the risks of system designers. This is an important factor in today's short product cycle design environment. The significant system performance improvements obtained by these devices are at little or no extra cost. SDRAMs can also keep up with increasing bus speeds narrowing the performance gap between main memory and CPUs. The synchronous I/O, multiple internal banks and high burst modes are bringing SDRAMs closer than ever to CPU performance.
Business-to-business e-procurement corporate initiative (2006)

An exploratory and empirical study was undertaken to discover the initial e-procurement experiences of firms. Applying the survey method and taking a participant sample from the membership of the Institute for Supply Management and Council for Supply Management Professionals (formerly Council of Logistics Management), this study presents hard data on the perceived and expected benefits from e-procurement, the types of goods and services purchased, the electronic solutions and environments used for purchasing, actual cost savings gained, business practices that encourage successful procurement, and obstacles to systems implementation.
Regiospezifische Reduktionen von 1,3,3‐trisubstituierten Succinimiden mit Diboran (1977)

Regiospecific reduction of 1,3,3‐trisubstituted succinimides by diborane It is possible to reduce 1,3,3‐trisubstituted succinimides regiospecifically by diborane at the less substituted carbonyl group to yield the corresponding lactams. This method was used specially for the reduction of 2,8‐diazaspiro[4,5]decane‐1,3‐diones to 2,8‐diazaspiro[4,5]decan‐1‐ones. These results are in contrast to those of Speckamp et al. [4a‐h] in which sodiumborohydride/HCl was the reducing agent. Possible explanations for the selective reductions are discussed, using the principles of steric approach control of Dunitz & Bürgi [6] and of Baldwin [8].
Two Cys residues essential for von Willebrand factor multimer assembly in the Golgi (2007)

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) dimerizes through C-terminal CK domains, and VWF dimers assemble into multimers in the Golgi by forming intersubunit disulfide bonds between D3 domains. This unusual oxidoreductase reaction requires the VWF propeptide (domains D1D2), which acts as an endogenous pH-dependent chaperone. The cysteines involved in multimer assembly were characterized by using a VWF construct that encodes the N-terminal D1D2D'D3 domains. Modification with thiol-specific reagents demonstrated that secreted D'D3 monomer contained reduced Cys, whereas D'D3 dimer and propeptide did not. Reduced Cys in the D'D3 monomer were alkylated with N-ethylmaleimide and analyzed by mass spectrometry. All 52 Cys within the D'D3 region were observed, and only Cys(1099) and Cys(1142) were modified by N-ethylmaleimide. When introduced into the D1D2D'D3 construct, the mutation C1099A or C1142A markedly impaired the formation of D'D3 dimers, and the double mutation prevented dimerization. In full-length VWF, the mutations C1099A and C1099A/C1142A prevented multimer assembly; the mutation C1142A allowed the formation of almost exclusively dimers, with few tetramers and no multimers larger than hexamers. Therefore, Cys(1099) and Cys(1142) are essential for the oxidoreductase mechanism of VWF multimerization. Cys(1142) is reported to form a Cys(1142)-Cys(1142) intersubunit bond, suggesting that Cys(1099) also participates in a Cys(1099)-Cys(1099) disulfide bond between D3 domains. This arrangement of intersubunit disulfide bonds implies that the dimeric N-terminal D'D3 domains of VWF subunits align in a parallel orientation within VWF multimers.
Semantic integration of XML heterogeneous data sources (2002)

With the current explosion of data, retrieving and integrating information from various sources is a critical problem. The designer has to specify a mediated schema providing a homogeneous view of the sources. We report on an initial work toward automatically generating mappings between elements in the sources and the mediated schema. Information sources we are interested in are XML documents with respect to a document type definition (DTD). We describe the Xyleme project and present our approach implemented in the SAMAG system to automatically find mappings on the basis of semantic and structural criteria. Finally, we report the first results of an experiment where SAMAG has been applied to XML documents in the cultural domain.
Evaluation of oral anticoagulant therapy by measuring plasma prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (1993)

To assess the degree of haemostatic system activation, plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), a direct indicator for thrombin generation in vivo, were measured in 49 patients with thrombotic disease undergoing long-term warfarin therapy (Thrombotest values < or = 40%). In these patients, vitamin K dependent coagulation factors (factors II, VII, IX and X) were decreased together with the anticoagulant proteins C and S, but the mean plasma concentration of F1 + 2 was significantly decreased compared with 48 healthy subjects. In warfarin-treated patients, F1 + 2 was positively correlated with the Thrombotest value, factors II, VII, IX and X. When analysed according to the intensity of anticoagulation, patients with Thrombotest values less than 30% showed a significant decrease in F1 + 2, but the mean F1 + 2 level was normal in patients with Thrombotests higher than 30%. These findings indicate that long-term oral anticoagulant therapy suppresses thrombin generation approximately in parallel to the decrease in coagulation factors, and levels of F1 + 2 lower than healthy subjects are observed when Thrombotest values are less than 30%.
Virtual probe (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new technique, referred to as virtual probe (VP), to efficiently measure, characterize and monitor both inter-die and spatially-correlated intra-die variations in nanoscale manufacturing process. VP exploits recent breakthroughs in compressed sensing [15]-[17] to accurately predict spatial variations from an exceptionally small set of measurement data, thereby reducing the cost of silicon characterization. By exploring the underlying sparse structure in (spatial) frequency domain, VP achieves substantially lower sampling frequency than the well-known (spatial) Nyquist rate. In addition, VP is formulated as a linear programming problem and, therefore, can be solved both robustly and efficiently. Our industrial measurement data demonstrate that by testing the delay of just 50 chips on a wafer, VP accurately predicts the delay of the other 219 chips on the same wafer. In this example, VP reduces the estimation error by up to 10× compared to other traditional methods. Categories and Subject Descriptors B.7.2 [Integrated Circuits]: Design Aids — Verification General Terms Algorithms
Prophet: A Context-Aware Location Privacy-Preserving Scheme in Location Sharing Service (2017)

Location sharing service has become an indispensable part in mobile social networks. However, location sharing may introduce a new class of privacy threats ranging from localizing an individual to profiling and identifying him based on the places he shared. Although users may avoid releasing geocontent in sensitive locations, it does not necessarily prevent the adversary from inferring users’ privacy through space-temporal correlations and historical information. In this paper, we design a Prophet framework, which provides an effective security scheme for users sharing their location information. First, we define fingerprint identification based on Markov chain and state classification to describe the users’ behavior patterns. Then, we propose a novel location anonymization mechanism, which adopts a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">ε</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-indistinguishability strategy to protect user’s sensitive location information published. Finally, experimental results are given to illustrate good performance and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.