gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Killing of gram-negative bacteria by lactoferrin and lysozyme. (1991)

Although lactoferrin has antimicrobial activity, its mechanism of action is not full defined. Recently we have shown that the protein alters the Gram-negative outer membrane. As this membrane protects Gram-negative cells from lysozyme, we have studied whether lactoferrin's membrane effect could enhance the antibacterial activity of lysozyme. We have found that while each protein alone is bacteriostatic, together they can be bactericidal for strains of V. cholerae, S. typhimurium, and E. coli. The bactericidal effect is dose dependent, blocked by iron saturation of lactoferrin, and inhibited by high calcium levels, although lactoferrin does not chelate calcium. Using differing media, the effect of lactoferrin and lysozyme can be partially or completely inhibited; the degree of inhibition correlating with media osmolarity. Transmission electron microscopy shows that E. coli cells exposed to lactoferrin and lysozyme at 40 mOsm become enlarged and hypodense, suggesting killing through osmotic damage. Dialysis chamber studies indicate that bacterial killing requires direct contact with lactoferrin, and work with purified LPS suggests that this relates to direct LPS-binding by the protein. As lactoferrin and lysozyme are present together in high levels in mucosal secretions and neutrophil granules, it is probable that their interaction contributes to host defense.
Adaptive multimedia synchronization in a teleconference system (2002)

We present an adaptive buffering scheme for implementing intra-stream and inter-stream synchronization in real-time multimedia applications. The essence of the proposed scheme is to dynamically enforce buffering delays to the incoming media streams in order to piecewisely smooth the end-to-end delay variation. A control mechanism based on an efficient event-counting algorithm is employed to calibrate the playout clocks (POCs), which manage the presentations of multimedia streams. The proposed synchronization algorithm is simple, robust, and does not rely on the globally synchronized clock. It virtually works with any network delay distribution. The proposed synchronization scheme has been implemented in our experimental teleconference system which consists of separately controllable audio, video, and data channels. The modular structure of synchronization control provides the flexibility to maintain an arbitrary synchronization group. This paper also shows the experimental results with respect to the multimedia traffic across an FDDI/Ethernet network.
Targeting Cells That Overexpress the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor with Polyethylene Glycolated BPD Verteporfin Photosensitizer Immunoconjugates ¶ (2003)

Photoimmunotherapy was introduced two decades ago but has been studied infrequently in vivo and is virtually untested clinically. Progress has been limited because high-quality, well-characterized photosensitizer immunoconjugates (PICs) have been difficult to make. Here, we describe the development of an innovative conjugation method for producing water-soluble PICs that are free of insoluble aggregates and free of unacceptable amounts of noncovalently associated photosensitizer impurities. The method exploits two procedures previously untried in this research area. First, a small number of antibody lysines (<3 per antibody) are polyethylene glycolated (PEGylated) using a 10 kDa branched polyethylene glycol (PEG), which dramatically enhances PIC solubility and reduces PIC aggregation. Second, a 50% dimethyl sulfoxide-50% aqueous two-solvent system is used to prevent photosensitizer aggregation and noncovalent interactions. These measures allow efficient covalent linkage of the photosensitizer BPD Verteporfin (BPD) to antibody lysines, thorough purification of the resulting PICs (verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), maintenance of PIC antigen-binding activity (verified by cellular binding-uptake assays) and reduction of nonspecific cellular uptake (e.g. macrophage capture) of the PICs. Loading levels could be varied controllably in the range < or = 11 BPD/antibody. PICs of the C225 anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) chimeric monoclonal antibody killed EGFR-overexpressing A-431 cells photodynamically but did not significantly affect EGFR-negative NR6 cells. Although fluorescence measurements demonstrated that the PICs were quenched by as much as an order of magnitude compared with free BPD, an impressive 90% reduction in A-431 cell viability was achieved using 20 J/cm2 of 690 nm light after a 40 h incubation with the C225 PICs. The results suggest that PEGylated BPD-C225 PICs merit further investigation in animal models of EGFR-overexpressing cancers.
Variance of estimated DTI‐derived parameters via first‐order perturbation methods (2006)

In typical applications of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), DT-derived quantities are used to make a diagnostic, therapeutic, or scientific determination. In such cases it is essential to characterize the variability of these tensor-derived quantities. Parametric and empirical methods have been proposed to estimate the variance of the estimated DT, and quantities derived from it. However, the former method cannot be generalized since a parametric distribution cannot be found for all DT-derived quantities. Although powerful empirical methods, such as the bootstrap, are available, they require oversampling of the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data. Statistical perturbation methods represent a hybrid between parametric and empirical approaches, and can overcome the primary limitations of both methods. In this study we used a first-order perturbation method to obtain analytic expressions for the variance of DT-derived quantities, such as the trace, fractional anisotropy (FA), eigenvalues, and eigenvectors, for a given experimental design. We performed Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of DTI experiments to test and validate these formulae, and to determine their range of applicability for different experimental design parameters, including the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), diffusion gradient sampling scheme, and number of DWI acquisitions. This information should be useful for designing DTI studies and assessing the quality of inferences drawn from them.
Polyamines as Modulators of Salt Tolerance in Rice Cultivars (1989)

The effect of NaCl on the endogenous levels of diamine, putrescine and polyamines, spermidine and spermine, was studied in the shoot system of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars during three growth stages. Salt stress increased the levels of diamine and polyamine in varying degrees among nine rice cultivars investigated. Salt tolerant AU1, Co43, and CSC1 were effective in maintaining high concentrations of spermidine and spermine, while the content of putrescine was not significantly altered in all the growth stages when plants were exposed to salinity. The salt sensitivity in rice was associated with excessive accumulation of putrescine and with low levels of spermidine and spermine in the shoot system of salt-sensitive cultivars Co36, CSC2, GR3, IR20, TKM4, and TKM9 under saline condition. One of the possible mechanisms of saline resistance was observed to be due to the highly increased polyamines against the low increase in diamines. Alternatively, the salt sensitivity could be due to high increase of diamines and an incapacity to maintain high levels of polyamines.
Asphaltene Stability in Crude Oils (2001)

Summary The influence of different factors on the asphaltene stability in crude oils was evaluated. Compositional studies and structural characterization of resins and asphaltenes were carried out to study a possible relationship between these properties and asphaltene deposition behavior. Asphaltenes were obtained by precipitation with n-heptane and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques. Low hydrogen to carbon ratios, high aromaticities, and high condensation of aromatic rings were the main characteristics of the asphaltenes from unstable crude oils. According to these results, the stability behavior of the asphaltenes was influenced strongly by their structural characteristics. However, it was also found that stabilization by means of a commercial inhibitor was affected by the composition of the crude oil. In particular, a high content of basic functionalities in the crude oil can be related to the decrease of the inhibitor's effectiveness (dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid). Based on these findings, some useful suggestions applicable to the oilfield operations are made.
Early Acute Lung Injury (2013)

This pragmatic definition of early acute lung injury accurately identified patients who progressed to acute lung injury prior to requiring positive pressure ventilation. Pending further validation, these criteria could be useful for future clinical trials targeting early treatment of acute lung injury.
Biology of parasite populations: population dynamics of bothriocephalids (Cestoda‐Pseudophyllidea) in teleostean fish (1990)

Relationships between sympatric populations of four species of Cestoda belonging to the genus Bothriocephalus ( B. barbarus. B. gregarius, B. funiculus and B. scorpii ) and populations of their respective hosts Scophthalmus rhombus, Pserra maxima, Ciliata mustela and Myoxocephalus scorpius were investigated. The parasites were overdispersed within their host populations. The mean intensities of B. burbarus were 1.59 ( s.d. =0.83) in the Mediterranean (Gulf of Lions) and 1.25 ( s.d. =0.53) in the Atlantic (coasts of Brittany). The mean intensities of B. gregarius were 62.3 ( s.d. =49.7) in the Mediterranean and 14.06 ( s.d. =18.48) in the Atlantic, compared to 1.78 ( s.d. =0.3) for B. funiculus and 21.6 ( s.d. =17.3) for B. scorpii . The distribution of prevalence of B. gregarius corresponded to a lognormal distribution while those of B. barbatus and B. fwticulus corresponded to negative binomials. No differences in infection could be related to host sex. The parasitization of B. gregariusdepended on host size. In brill, infection by E. barbatus was independent of host size and remained stable after the fish reached 180mm in length. Parasitization of turbot by E. gregarius was lower in young fish (≤110–150 mm) and increased with the host size. Compared to the Atlantic populations of B. gregarius and B. barbatus, the Mediterranean populations were more frequently and intensively infected. The differences in the population dynamics of B. gregarius and B. barbarus would appear to depend on whether or not the life cycle involves a paratenic host.
Presence of Filterable and Nonfilterable Cell-Free mRNA in Amniotic Fluid (2005)

Much current research focuses on the properties and clinical applications of circulating nucleic acids (1). The recent discovery of cell-free RNA in the plasma and serum of cancer patients has generated considerable interest (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Circulating RNA is surprisingly stable, and Ng et al. (7) recently showed that a considerable proportion of plasma mRNA species is particle associated and thus possibly protected from nuclease degradation (8). Fetal-derived mRNA has also been found in the plasma and serum of pregnant women (9)(10)(11) and in amniotic fluid (12), and has many potential clinical applications (13)(14). Amniotic fluid is routinely collected during amniocentesis for fetal chromosome analysis or fetal lung maturity studies. However, little is known regarding the biology of circulating fetal mRNA or fetal mRNA in amniotic fluid.

In this report, we explore whether cell-free fetal nucleic acids in amniotic fluid have properties similar to circulating DNA and mRNA. Expanding on the work of Ng et al. (7), we hypothesized that cell-free fetal mRNA in amniotic fluid might be present in a particle-associated form and could thus be filterable, whereas the non-particle–associated form of DNA would be present in such high concentrations that there would be no significant reduction in its quantity by filtration. Additionally, we wished to compare the quantities of nucleic acids in amniotic fluid containing cells with the quantities in filtered and unfiltered cell-free supernatant. We hypothesized that whole amniotic fluid containing amniocytes would contain a significantly larger amount of DNA and RNA than cell-free amniotic fluid.

This study was performed with Institutional Review Board approval from Tufts-New England Medical Center. Seven amniotic fluid samples with a minimum volume of 3 mL each were obtained from women undergoing scheduled amniocenteses. One sample originated from a woman …
Imiquimod: mode of action (2007)

Overall, imiquimod acts on several levels, which appear to synergistically underlie the profound antitumoral activity of the compound.
An Efficient Underwater Video Compression Algorithm for Underwater Acoustic Channel Transmission (2009)

This paper presents an efficient underwater video-coding algorithm suitable for the purpose of underwater acoustic channel transmission. The algorithm mainly consists of three modules, namely preprocessing of underwater images, global motion estimation, and hybrid global-local motion compensation. A wavelet transform based preprocessing approach is employed to effectively reduce the visual redundancy of underwater images. Global motion transform between neighboring frames are estimated by using a fast and robust feature-point based algorithm. Then a hybrid global-local motion compensation scheme is proposed to reduce the temporal redundancy of video sequences. The experimental results show that while maintaining the acceptable perceptual quality of reconstructed images, the proposed algorithm can provide high coding efficiency, especially applying to sea floor video compression and transmission at very low bit rates to meet the limited bandwidth requirement of underwater acoustic channels.
On Inter-Realm Authentication in Large Distributed Systems (1993)

Summary form only given. The authors define formally and rationalize a set of policy rules for the propagation of authentication trust across realm boundaries. The use of these rules helps limit global security exposures that ensue whenever an authentication service is compromised. The authors present the design of a simple, general protocol which satisfies these rules and shares the simplicity and generality goals of the protocol outlined by A. D. Birrell et al. (1986) and of the protocols implemented in Kerberos V (J. Kohl and C. Neuman, 1990) and in SPX (J. J. Tardo and K. Alagappan 1991).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new and convenient synthesis of alkyl and aryl pyrimidines (1988)

Abstract Vinyl triflates 1, which are obtained easily from the corresponding ketones, react in an excess of pure nitrile (80°/20 hours) to form tri‐ and tetra‐substituted alkyl and arylpyrimidines 4 and 5 in good yields (45–87%). An isomeric mixture of pyrimidines 4 and 5 is formed from Inflate 1 when R 1 ≠ R 2 ≠ H. The reaction proceeds by nitrile‐catalyzed elimination‐addition mechanism.
Use of polymethylhydrosiloxane as a selective, neutral reducing agent for aldehydes, ketones, olefins, and aromatic nitro compounds (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of polymethylhydrosiloxane as a selective, neutral reducing agent for aldehydes, ketones, olefins, and aromatic nitro compoundsJonathan Lipowitz and Sheryl A. BowmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 1, 162–165Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00941a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00941a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1022Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Low-Profile Monopole Antenna With Beam Switching Capabilities (2014)

In this paper, a new compact monopole surrounded by four switched parasitic elements having the ability to work in the directional (beam steering) and omnidirectional modes is presented. The antenna is designed to operate over a 6% bandwidth in the both modes. In the directional mode, the beam is steered in the azimuth plane and a front-to-back ratio greater than 10 dB is achieved over the bandwidth of interest. To steer the beam, the parasitic elements surrounding the driven element are connected and disconnected to the ground plane through switches. The performance of the antenna with both ideal and non-ideal switches is discussed based on the simulation and measurement results. To overcome the adverse effect of the non-ideal switch on the antenna radiation pattern and transmission coefficient, a transformer network is used in the switch circuit. It is shown that the accurate design of this transformer network can reduce the adverse effects significantly.
A user-programmable peripheral with functional unit architecture (1991)

The field of programmable logic has rapidly evolved in recent years from simple PAL devices of a few gates to much larger devices such as EPLD's and FPGA's [1,2].
Convenient synthesis of myristicinaldehyde (1968)

The conversion of isomyristicin to a Schiff base of myristicinaldehyde is described. The subsequent hydrolysis of this base to the free aldehyde establishes a convenient preparation of this material. Apiolealdehyde is similarly generated from isoapiole, suggesting that this procedure may have general application in the conversion of the natural aromatic ethers of essential oils to the correspondingly substituted benzaldehydes.
The hbpA gene of Haemophilus influenzae type b encodes a heme-binding lipoprotein conserved among heme-dependent Haemophilus species (1992)

A membrane-associated lipoprotein of Haemophilus influenzae type b has previously been shown to bind heme in vitro and to promote binding of this compound by Escherichia coli recombinants expressing this protein. The H. influenzae type b heme-binding protein A (HbpA) was found to be highly conserved with respect to both antigenicity and apparent molecular weight among heme-requiring Haemophilus species pathogenic for humans. To further the characterization of the structure and function of HbpA, the complete nucleotide sequence of its gene, hbpA, was determined. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed a single large open reading frame of 1,638 bp encoding a protein of 546 amino acid residues, with a molecular weight of 60,695. The sequence of the amino-terminal end of this protein contained a potential site for lipid acylation and for cleavage by signal peptidase II, consistent with earlier biochemical evidence which indicated that HbpA is a lipoprotein. A search of GenBank for proteins with amino acid sequence similarity to HbpA revealed that the periplasmic dipeptide transport protein of E. coli, DppA, has 53% sequence identity to HbpA.
Context Aware Trace Clustering: Towards Improving Process Mining Results (2009)

Process Mining refers to the extraction of process models from event logs. Real-life processes tend to be less structured and more flexible. Traditional process mining algorithms have problems dealing with such unstructured processes and generate spaghetti-like process models that are hard to comprehend. An approach to overcome this is to cluster process instances (a process instance is manifested as a trace and an event log corresponds to a multi-set of traces) such that each of the resulting clusters correspond to a coherent set of process instances that can be adequately represented by a process model. In this paper, we propose a context aware approach to trace clustering based on generic edit distance. It is well known that the generic edit distance framework is highly sensitive to the costs of edit operations. We define an automated approach to derive the costs of edit operations. The method proposed in this paper outperforms contemporary approaches to trace clustering in process mining. We evaluate the goodness of the formed clusters using established fitness and comprehensibility metrics defined in the context of process mining. The proposed approach is able to generate clusters such that the process models mined from the clustered traces show a high degree of fitness and comprehensibility when compared to contemporary approaches.
Hypothalamic Regulatory Hormones (1973)

The molecular structures of several polypeptides isolated from hypothalamic tissue have been established and the synthesis of these compounds has been achieved. These polypeptides selectively stimulate or inhibit the release of anterior pituitary hormones and melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Various studies indicate their important physiological role and support the concept that some of these polypeptides are hormones. Some synthetic hypothalamic hormones and their derivatives may find important clinical and veterinary applications.
Integrated fluidic adaptive zoom lens (2004)

An integrated fluidic adaptive zoom lens is demonstrated for what is believed to be the first time. A zoom lens was fabricated using an UV lithographic-galvanic-like process involving soft lithography and wafer bonding. The zooming capability of such a lens was achieved by varying the focal length instead of the distance between the lenses. A zoom ratio of greater than 2 was obtained for devices that are 8 mm thick and have a 20-mm lens diameter. Including the 30-mm image distance, the total physical length of the fluidic zoom lens was less than 43 mm. More-compact systems with a higher zoom ratio can be obtained by reduction of the aperture size.
On the Convergence of the Lagged Diffusivity Fixed Point Method in Total Variation Image Restoration (1999)

In this paper we show that the lagged diffusivity fixed point algorithm introduced by Vogel and Oman in [SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 17 (1996), pp. 227-238] to solve the problem of total variation denoising, proposed by Rudin, Osher, and Fatemi in [Phys. D, 60 (1992), pp. 259-268], is a particular instance of a class of algorithms introduced by Voss and Eckhardt in [Computing, 25 (1980), pp. 243-251], whose origins can be traced back to Weiszfeld's original work for minimizing a sum of Euclidean lengths [Tôhoku Math. J., 43 (1937), pp. 355-386]. There have recently appeared several proofs for the convergence of this algorithm [G. Aubert et al., Technical report 94-01, Informatique, Signaux et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis, 1994], [A. Chambolle and P.-L. Lions, Technical report 9509, CEREMADE, 1995], and [D. C. Dobson and C. R. Vogel, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 34 (1997), pp. 1779-1791]. Here we present a proof of the global and linear convergence using the framework introduced in [H. Voss and U. Eckhart, Computing, 25 (1980), pp. 243-251] and give a bound for the convergence rate of the fixed point iteration that agrees with our experimental results. These results are also valid for suitable generalizations of the fixed point algorithm.