gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation, evaluation and hair growth stimulating activity of herbal hair oil. (2009)

Herbal formulations always have attracted considera ble attention because of their good activity and comparatively lesser or nil side effec ts with synthetic drugs. The objective of present study involves preparation of herbal hair o il using amla, hibiscus, brahmi, methi and its evaluation for increase in hair growth activity . Each drug was tested for their hair growth activity in a concentration range for 1-10% separat ely. Based on these results mixture of crude drugs fruits of Embelica officinalis , flowers of Hibiscus rosa sinensis , leaves of Bacopa monnieri and seeds of Trigonella foenumgraecum were prepared in varying concentration in the form of herbal hair oil by three different oils preparation techniques (direct boiling, paste and cloth method) and were tested for hair growth a ctivity. The oil of different concentrations were characterized for proximate analysis including moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, water insoluble a sh, sulphated ash. The formulations were also subjected to chromatographic determination and chemical tests to determine the presence of active constituents in the drugs. But looking to wards the formulation viscosity the maximum concentration of combined drug was found to be 30% at their maximum level. The formulation containing 7.5% of each drug used for t he study and showed excellent hair growth activity with standard (2% minoxidil ethanol ic solution) by an enlargement of follicular size and prolongation of the anagen phas e. It holds the promise of potent herbal alternative for minoxidil. Excellent results of hai r growth were seen in formulation prepared by boiling method of oils preparation technique.
Evaluation of a networked staff development strategy for departmental tutor trainers: benefits, limitations and future directions (2003)

As part of the 1997–1999 Teaching and Learning Enhancement Plan, the University of Queensland mandated that all its academic departments should conduct tutor training. The University's academic development unit, TEDI (the Teaching and Educational Development Institute) designed a network‐based staff development strategy for the development of departmental staff designated as tutor trainers. The strategy was known as the Tutor Training Network (TTN). This paper describes the strategy and reports on an evaluation of the Network programme. The data show that although it was very successful, the network‐based strategy has a limited lifespan. Nonetheless it is an effective strategy for wholesale staff development to support institution‐wide implementations of policy or changes in practice.
Efficient electrogene therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma treatment using the bacterial purine nucleoside phosphorylase suicide gene with fludarabine (2007)

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential of electrogene therapy with the bacterial purine nucleoside phosphorylase gene (ePNP), on pancreatic carcinoma (PC) large tumors. The in vivo electroporation (EP) conditions and efficacy were investigated on both subcutaneous xenografts of human PC cells in immunocompromised mice and orthotopic intrapancreatic grafts of rat PC cells in syngenic rats. After intratumoral injection of naked plasmid DNA, EP was performed using a two-needle array with 25-msec pulses and either a 300 V/cm field strength for subcutaneous or a 500 V/cm field strength for orthotopic PC, parameters providing the best electrotransfer as reflected by the measurements of both luciferase activity and ePNP mRNA. As expected, tumors developed sensitivity to prodrug treatment (6-methylpurine deoxyribose or fludarabine phosphate). We observed both significant inhibition of tumor growth and extended survival of treated mice. In fact, after prodrug treatment, PC growth in the subcutaneous model was delayed by 50-70% for ePNP-expressing tumors. In an orthotopic pancreatic tumor model, the animal survival was significantly prolonged after ePNP electrogene transfer followed by fludarabine treatment, with one animal out of 10 being tumor-free 6 months thereafter. The current study demonstrates for the first time on PC the in vivo feasibility of electrogene transfer and its therapeutic efficiency using the suicide gene/prodrug system, ePNP/fludarabine. These findings suggest that electrogene therapy strategy must be considered for pancreatic cancer treatment, particularly at advanced stages of the disease.
Mechanism and Theories of Rubber Adhesion to Steel Tire Cords—An Overview (1984)

Abstract An overview is given of the mechanism and theories of adhesion of brass-plated steel cords to rubber. The literature on this topic in the period 1979–1983 is reviewed. Although the actual type of bond between the interfacially formed copper sulfide film and the cured network still has not been identified conclusively, this aspect of rubber-brass adhesion is becoming rather irrelevant since the literature is unanimous that bond failure seldom occurs adhesively, i.e. , between Cu x S and rubber, but usually cohesively within the sulfide film or adhesively at the interface sulfide-substrate. A model is described in which most of the recent findings are incorporated. In this model, brass develops a high bond strength to NR as a result of the in situ growth of a thin (≤50 nm) copper sulfide film onto the brass during the early stages of the cure before crosslinking sets in. This sulfide film has good adhesive and cohesive properties but is, on the other hand, so porous that rubber molecules become entangled in this film (interlocking model). ZnS or FeS are considered nonbonding because they lack the microporosity required for interlocking. Synchronization of sulfide growth and rubber cure is not required. The major prerequisite is that sulfide film growth has been completed before cross-linking begins. Previous rubber oxidation theories and the effect of Cu x S on crosslink density of rubber adjacent to the cord surface are also discarded for lack of experimental evidence. Ultimate bond strength and bond durability are determined by cord and by compound properties. Optimum cord parameters are predicted by the model as a thin brass coating with a high concentration of diffused iron, a low copper content (60–65%) and a thin but very homogeneous ZnO surface layer which is passivating and which contains copper atoms. Copper oxides are undesirable. The homogeneous ZnO film improves the cords' corrosion resistance, the included Cu atoms are required for rapid initial Cu x S formation and prevention of non-bonding ZnS formation. The major compound parameter is the sulfur-to-accelerator ratio. There is evidence that brass is sulfidized by intermediates of the type R-S-S y -NR where R is an accelerator fragment, rather than by free sulfur. The properties of the Cu x S film, such as adhesion, cohesion and stability in corrosive environments depend on the type of Cu x S formed. High values of y in the intermediate lead to good Cu x S films, low values produce poor films, regardless of the quality of the cord.
<i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> ingestion prevents hyperexcitability of colonic DRG neurons induced by noxious stimuli (2009)

Lactobacillus species ingestion can decrease autonomic responses and spinal fiber discharge to nociceptive colorectal distension (CRD), even in the absence of inflammation. The present study aimed to determine whether dorsal root ganglion (DRG) somas could be a locus where the antinociceptive probiotic may have an effect. Healthy rats were fed with Lactobacillus reuteri or vehicle control for 9 days whereupon they were anesthetized, and intermittent distal colonic CRD at 80 mmHg distension was either performed for 1 h or not. The animals were immediately euthanized and patch-clamp recordings taken after isolation and overnight culture from those DRG that projected to the distal colon. CRD decreased the threshold for action potential generation and increased the number of spikes discharged during a standard depolarizing test stimulus, and this effect was blocked by prior probiotic ingestion. The increase in excitability was paralleled by an increase in DRG capacitance, which was not altered by Lactobacillus reuteri ingestion. CRD did not increase tissue weight or myeloperoxidase activity. We suggest that the effects of CRD may have been caused by activity-dependent neurotransmission between DRG somas. CRD evoked increases in action potential upstroke speed, which suggests that it may also have led to augmentation of sodium channel conductances. Probiotic ingestion may have interfered with this hypothetical mechanism since it blocked the effect of CRD on the action potential.
Liver and lung microsomal metabolism of the tobacco alkaloid .beta.-nicotyrine (1989)

The in vitro metabolic fate of beta-nicotyrine has been examined in rabbit lung and liver microsomal preparations as part of an effort to characterize the formation of potentially reactive metabolic species that may contribute to the toxic properties of tobacco products. HPLC analysis revealed the formation of an unstable metabolite which displayed HPLC-MS/MS characteristics consistent with the structure 1-methyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-3-pyrrolin-2-one. Attempted synthesis of this pyrrolinone, however, resulted in the isolation of the isomeric 1-methyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-2-pyrrolin-2-one. The HPLC, diode array UV, and mass spectral characteristics of this delta 4,5-isomer proved to be identical with those of the metabolite derived from beta-nicotyrine. Studies in D2O suggest that the 2- and 3-pyrrolinones are in equilibrium in aqueous solution. The metabolite undergoes autoxidation, possibly via radical intermediates, to yield 1-methyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-5-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one.
Unsuspected osteochondroma-like outgrowths in the cranial base of Hereditary Multiple Exostoses patients and modeling and treatment with a BMP antagonist in mice (2017)

Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME) is a rare pediatric disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding the heparan sulfate (HS)-synthesizing enzymes EXT1 or EXT2. HME is characterized by formation of cartilaginous outgrowths-called osteochondromas- next to the growth plates of many axial and appendicular skeletal elements. Surprisingly, it is not known whether such tumors also form in endochondral elements of the craniofacial skeleton. Here, we carried out a retrospective analysis of cervical spine MRI and CT scans from 50 consecutive HME patients that included cranial skeletal images. Interestingly, nearly half of the patients displayed moderate defects or osteochondroma-like outgrowths in the cranial base and specifically in the clivus. In good correlation, osteochondromas developed in the cranial base of mutant Ext1f/f;Col2-CreER or Ext1f/f;Aggrecan-CreER mouse models of HME along the synchondrosis growth plates. Osteochondroma formation was preceded by phenotypic alteration of cells at the chondro-perichondrial boundary and was accompanied by ectopic expression of major cartilage matrix genes -collagen 2 and collagen X- within the growing ectopic masses. Because chondrogenesis requires bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, we asked whether osteochondroma formation could be blocked by a BMP signaling antagonist. Systemic administration with LDN-193189 effectively inhibited osteochondroma growth in conditional Ext1-mutant mice. In vitro studies with mouse embryo chondrogenic cells clarified the mechanisms of LDN-193189 action that turned out to include decreases in canonical BMP signaling pSMAD1/5/8 effectors but interestingly, concurrent increases in such anti-chondrogenic mechanisms as pERK1/2 and Chordin, Fgf9 and Fgf18 expression. Our study is the first to reveal that the cranial base can be affected in patients with HME and that osteochondroma formation is amenable to therapeutic drug intervention.
Long continuously chirped fibre Bragg gratings for compensation of linear- and 3 (1997)

For the first time long broadband chirped fibre Bragg gratings with a dispersion profile designed to compensate 3rd order-dispersion are presented. These results demonstrate how the increased demands for dispersion compensation at very high bit-rates can be met using chirped fibre Bragg gratings
Efficient synthesis of the gossypol binaphthyl backbone (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient synthesis of the gossypol binaphthyl backboneMichael C. VenutiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 15, 3124–3127Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00328a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00328a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views271Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New techniques for the automatic registration of microwave and optical remotely sensed images (1999)

Remote sensing is a remarkable tool for monitoring and mapping the land and ocean surfaces of the Earth. Recently, with the launch of many new Earth observation satellites, there has been an increase in the amount of data that is being acquired, and the potential for mapping is greater than ever before. Furthermore, sensors which are currently operational are acquiring data in many different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. It has long been known that by combining images that have been acquired at different wavelengths, or at different times, the ability to detect and recognise features on the ground is greatly increased. This thesis investigates the possibilities for automatically combining radar and optical remotely sensed images. The process of combining images, known as data integration, is a two step procedure: geometric integration (image registration) and radiometric integration (data fusion). Data fusion is essentially an automatic procedure, but the problems associated with automatic registration of multisource images have not, in general, been resolved. This thesis proposes a method of automatic image registration based on the extraction and matching of common features which are visible in both images. The first stage of the registration procedure uses patches as the matching primitives in order to determine the approximate alignment of the images. The second stage refines the registration results by matching edge features. Throughout the development of the proposed registration algorithm, reliability, robustness and automation were always considered priorities. Tests with both small images (512x512 pixels) and full scene images showed that the algorithm could successfully register images to an acceptable level of accuracy.
Novel Principles for Effective Earth Model Grid Management while Geosteering (2018)

The aim of geosteering is to place the well optimally in the reservoir, based on the available measurements and interpretations of the geology. The interpretations are captured in earth models that are used for decision support. But real-time decision processes such as geosteering are poorly supported by current earth modelling methods. While drilling, new measurements received from the well allow revisions of the pre-drill geological interpretations. However, the current modelling tools are not capable of updating their representations of the interpretations in real-time. 3D earth models are typically kept unchanged during the drilling operation, while updated 2D models capture the geological interpretations only in a simplistic manner. Furthermore, uncertainties in the interpretation of the geological structures are not accounted for. Such strategies are inadequate for geosteering support when drilling in geologically complex regimes, and may lead to poor decisions.\nCurrent 3D modelling technologies are typically based on an inflexible, global grid that is used to represent geological structures and petrophysical properties. The management of this grid is slow and time consuming. To pave the way for a more effective earth model management, novel principles for i) local updates of the geological structure in an existing grid, ii) local control of the resolution of the geological structure and consequently the grid, and iii) local scale uncertainty management including the geological structure are proposed. The principles are demonstrated in a 2D software prototype. The ultimate aim is to enable an always updated multi-realization 3D model at optimal resolution while drilling, suitable for real-time decision support under uncertainty.
Increased accuracy of motor vehicle position estimation by utilising map data: vehicle dynamics, and other information sources (2002)

Techniques exist that make use of map information to improve the position estimate of a motor vehicle but the techniques lack a mathematical framework. The authors addresses this problem by developing a map-aided position estimation system whereby the raw position measurements are optimally translated so that they lie on the roads. The accuracy of the map-aided estimates is derived for an arbitrary positioning system with Gaussian measurement noise demonstrating significant improvements over the raw measurements. Further performance improvements are achieved through the use of a 1D Kalman filter developed to utilise the fact that all of the map-aided position estimates lie along known curves. The mathematical framework utilised by the map-aided estimator readily allows other sources of position information such as road type and road rules to be quantified and optimally incorporated into the estimation process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Vivo Kinematic Analysis of a Mobile Bearing Total Knee Prosthesis (1997)

Ten normal subjects and 10 patients with a posterior cruciate retaining mobile bearing total knee replacement performed successive deep knee bends under fluoroscopy to determine tibiofemoral contact positions. At full extension the average initial contact position for the normal and mobile total knee replacement was 6.2 mm (range, 4.8 to 12 mm) anterior, and -4.4 mm (range, 3.9 to 11 mm) posterior to the sagittal tibial midplane, respectively. At 60 degrees flexion, the normal knee rolled back to -5.8 mm (range, -2.5 to -13.2 mm), whereas the mobile bearing total knee replacement rolled back to -9.2 mm (range, -4 to -17 mm). From 60 degrees to 90 degrees, normal knees rolled back to -7.8 mm (range, -5.8 to -13.8 mm), but the mobile bearing total knee replacement slid anteriorly to -5 mm (range, 2 to -12 mm). All mobile bearing total knee replacements had some form of roll back, but some slid anterior more than others. Five of 10 mobile bearing total knee replacements had some movement of the bearings while the others remained fixed. Patellar kinematics was similar to normal but reflected tibiofemoral abnormalities.
<i>In vitro</i> V(D)J recombination: Signal joint formation (1996)

The first step of V(D)J recombination, specific cleavage at the recombination signal sequence (RSS), can be carried out by the recombination activating proteins RAG1 and RAG2. In vivo, the cleaved coding and signal ends must be rejoined to generate functional antigen receptors and maintain chromosomal integrity. We have investigated signal joint formation using deletion and inversion substrates in a cell free system. RAG1 and RAG2 alone or in combination were unable to generate signal joints. However, RAG1 and RAG2 complemented with nuclear extracts were able to recombine an extrachromosomal substrate and form precise signal joints. The in vitro reaction resembled authentic V(D)J recombination in being Ku-antigen-dependent.
Access to the Cinnoline Scaffold via Rhodium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Cyclization under Mild Conditions (2016)

Herein, we report Rh(III)-catalyzed, N-amino (hydrazine)-directed C-H functionalization with α-diazo-β-ketoesters for access to the cinnoline scaffold. A diverse set of nondiscriminating conditions obtained for a highly efficient test transformation prompted use of a substrate-replacement technique for an in-depth search of experimental parameter space and pinpointing of the optimized conditions. A successive C-H activation/C-C coupling/intramolecular dehydration mechanistic sequence is proposed. The ability to perform gram-scale synthesis proves the synthetic utility of this simple, yet efficient, method.
Closed Sinusoid Trajectory for C-Arm CT Imaging (2006)

In this paper, we investigate cone-beam reconstruction for C-arm CT imaging using a closed sinusoid trajectory, which was firstly studied by Zeng et al. [1996] and can be considered a generalization of a saddle trajectory [Pack and Noo, 2004]. Inspired by the work by Pack and Noo [2005] and Yang et al. [2006], we propose an exact shift-invariant filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction algorithm when the scanning trajectory is a closed sinusoid, or a perturbed closed sinusoid. We determine the filtering lines on the detector plane and give the steps to implement the algorithm for the planar detector geometry in a C-arm system. We also give two view independent reconstruction formulae for this geometry, both of which do not involve the view differencing operation and improve the reconstructed images by reducing discretization and sampling errors. The proposed algorithm is tested by simulation studies.