gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulatory and cytotoxic effects of an antiserum to adipocyte plasma membranes on adipose tissue metabolism in vitro and in vivo. (1986)

Antibodies to rat adipocyte plasma membranes raised in sheep had a dual effect in vitro; at low concentrations they mimicked the actions of insulin whilst higher concentrations inhibited glucose incorporation into lipid. The insulin-like effects of the antibody appeared to be due to direct activation of the glucose transport system since the antibodies did not bind to the insulin receptor, as judged by their inability to immunoprecipitate the receptor or to inhibit insulin binding, and antibodies were able to stimulate glucose transport in cells which had had their insulin receptors removed by trypsinization. The inhibitory effects of the antiserum were due to cytotoxicity since, in the presence of antiserum, adipocytes began to release large quantities of the intracellular enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, and were ultimately lysed. This cytotoxic effect of the antiserum was complement-dependent since heat-inactivated antiserum or a crude immunoglobulin fraction of the serum possessed only stimulatory effects on lipid metabolism. When injected into rats for 4 days the antiserum produced gross abnormality of adipose tissue depots. Dissolution of adipocytes and massive infiltration by lymphocytes and polymorphs were evident. Preliminary observations suggest that such treatment results in long-term reduction of the number of adipocytes in internal fat depots.
Hot-carrier cooling in GaAs: Quantum wells versus bulk (1993)

Hot-electron cooling dynamics in photoexcited bulk and quantum-well GaAs structures were determined using time-correlated single-photon counting of photoluminescence (PL) decay. Hot-electron cooling curves were generated from analyses of the time-resolved PL spectra. The time constant characterizing the hot-electron energy-loss rate, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{avg}}$, was then determined, taking into account electron degeneracy and the time dependence of the quasi-Fermi-level. This analysis was also applied to earlier data obtained by Pelouch et al. with the same samples, but based on PL up-conversion experiments with 80 fs temporal resolution. Both sets of experiments and analyses show that the hot-electron cooling rate can be much slower in GaAs quantum wells compared (at the same photogenerated carrier density) to bulk GaAs when this density is above a critical value. This critical density was found to range from high ${10}^{17}$ to low ${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$, depending upon the experimental technique; at the highest carrier densities, values of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{avg}}$ for quantum wells were found to be many hundreds of ps.
Modeling studies on battery thermal behaviour, thermal runaway, thermal management, and energy efficiency (2002)

Thermal management is crucial to the safe operation of, and the achievement of normal/optimal performance of, electric vehicle (EV) batteries. A thermal management system is responsible for maintaining the operational temperature and temperature uniformity across a battery stack (during battery operation and/or stand-by) either by active cooling or by electric heating. The main concern with the thermal behaviour of room-temperature batteries (e.g. lithium-ion batteries) is the possible significant temperature increase (e.g. during high power extraction) which may cause thermal runaway, while for some batteries (e.g. lithium/polymer-electrolyte batteries), the operating temperature of which is above ambient temperature, another concern is the long heat-up time before start-up and the reduced total energy efficiency. In this paper, we discuss the thermal management aspect of electric vehicle batteries, including the examination of battery thermal behaviour, the design of suitable thermal management systems, and the evaluation of battery energy efficiency and the possibility of the occurrence of thermal runaway due to battery abuse.
The Potential of Probiotics as a Therapy for Osteoporosis (2017)

Osteoporosis, characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue with increased risk of fracture, can be categorized into two forms: primary and secondary, depending on whether it occurs as part of the natural aging process (estrogen deficiency) or as part of disease pathology. In both forms bone loss is due to an imbalance in the bone remodeling process, with resorption/formation skewed more toward bone loss. Recent studies and emerging evidence consistently demonstrate the potential of the intestinal microbiota to modulate bone health. This review discusses the process of bone remodeling and the pathology of osteoporosis and introduces the intestinal microbiota and its potential to influence bone health. In particular, we highlight recent murine studies that examine how probiotic supplementation can both increase bone density in healthy individuals and protect against primary (estrogen deficiency) as well as secondary osteoporosis. Potential mechanisms are described to account for how probiotic treatments could be exerting their beneficial effect on bone health.
Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Remote Myocardial Infarction: (2003)

Individually tailored substrate description guiding the placement of linear lesion lines transecting potential isthmuses rendered 80% of the patients completely noninducible. The construction of regional target area maps allowed short procedure times, with a resulting low incidence of complications in these critically ill patients.
Association and surface properties of tapered statistical copolymers of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide in water (1997)

Two statistical copolymers of ethylene oxide (EO) and 1,2-butylene oxide (BO) of different compositions (80 and 60 mol% oxyethylene) were polymerised (anionic polymerisation with monofunctional initiation) to 100% conversion. Their molar masses (M n ≈5000 g mol -1 ) and molar mass distributions (M w /M n ≈1.06) were similar. The disparity in reactivity ratios in the EO/BO copolymerisation resulted in pronounced composition drift along the chains (tapered statistical copolymers) giving them the character of diblock copolymers. The association behaviour of the copolymers in aqueous solution at 25°C was studied by dynamic and static light scattering and surface tension. It was confirmed that both formed micelles by a closed process. Surface activity, as measured by surface tension lowering, was superior to conventional EO/BO diblock copolymers with comparable micelle properties. Phase diagrams, determined over a wide concentration range (c⩽70 wt.%), showed regions of gel formation (liquid crystallinity) and clouding (phase separation).
Stroke patients and their attitudes toward mHealth monitoring to support blood pressure control and medication adherence (2016)

Mobile device use is high in stroke patients and they are amenable to mHealth for communication and assistance in adhering to their medical regimens. More research is needed to explore usefulness of this technology in larger stroke populations.
Novel Gd‐substituted LiNi ferrite/polyaniline composite prepared by <i>in situ</i> polymerization (2007)

Abstract Magnetic composite containing polyaniline (PANI)‐coated LiNi 0.5 Gd 0.08 Fe 1.92 O 4 was synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline on the surface of LiNi 0.5 Gd 0.08 Fe 1.92 O 4 ferrite particles. The obtained samples were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, UV–visible absorption spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results of spectroanalysis indicated that there was interaction between PANI chains and ferrite particles. TEM study showed that composite presented the core–shell structure. The composite under applied magnetic field exhibited the clear hysteretic behavior at room temperature. The bonding mechanism in the composite had been discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Radiation losses of waveguide-based two-dimensional photonic crystals: Positive role of the substrate (2000)

Radiation losses occurring in photonic crystals etched into planar waveguides are analyzed using a first-order perturbation approximation. Assuming the incoherent scattering limit, the model indicates that losses diminish as the cladding index approaches the core index. A simple scheme is devised to include these losses into purely two-dimensional calculations by using an imaginary index. Such calculations are shown to agree with corresponding experimental transmission through near-infrared photonic crystals, reproducing the contrasting behavior of the “dielectric” and “air” band edges.
Aperture Selection for ACO-OFDM in Free-Space Optical Turbulence Channel (2015)

We propose a novel aperture selection (ApS) scheme for an asymmetrically-clipped-optical-orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing-based (ACO-ODFM) multiple-transmit/receive-aperture (MT/RA) system communicating over a freespace optical (FSO) turbulence channel between a pair of cooperating base stations in a vehicular communication system. Our proposed ApS scheme is capable of significantly improving the system's achievable diversity gain, bit error ratio (BER), and throughput, while imposing substantially reduced power consumption and hardware complexity. Our results demonstrate that the proposed system's performance was improved more significantly under strongly turbulent channel conditions.
Java Message Passing Interface (2002)

The emergence of World Wide Web and Java technologies has altered the view of the Internet. It provides an open standard interface among the heterogeneous computers on the Internet. To exploit the enormous computational resources on the Internet, we have developed a Java-based parallel programming environment called Java Message Passing Interface (JMPI). It runs on different machines regardless of their computer architecture or operating systems. It uses arbitrary machines on the Internet as computation nodes, and provides an application programming interface which follows the semantic of Message Passing Interface standard. In this paper, we present the overview of the infrastructure of this parallel programming environment.
An integrated plasma equipment-feature scale model for ionized metal physical vapor deposition (2002)

Summary form only given. Ionized metal physical vapor deposition (IMPVD) is used to deposit diffusion barriers and metal seed layers into high aspect ratio trenches for interconnect wiring in the fabrication of microelectronics devices. To decrease the RC time delay of signals, Cu interconnects are replacing Al whose resistance is almost twice that of Cu. To improve the design of IMPVD systems, it is useful to have a comprehensive simulator. To address this need, an integrated plasma equipment-feature model has been developed, and applied to the investigation of Cu IMPVD. The computational tools use in this study are the two-dimensional Hybrid Plasma Equipment Model (HPEM), the Plasma Chemistry Monte Carlo Simulation (PCMCS) and the Monte Carlo feature profile model (MCFPIM). The HPEM produces species densities and source functions in the bulk plasma. The PCMCS computes the trajectories of ions and neutral species which are incident onto features based on the species densities and sources from the HPEM. The MCFPM uses these fluxes to simulate the deposition profile in a trench. The MCFPM, originally written for etching, was extended to deposition by adding surface diffusion algorithms. These algorithms use Monte Carlo techniques to move adsorbed pseudoparticles on the surface employing probabilities based on the local inter-particle potentials.
Attention and Localization Based on a Deep Convolutional Recurrent Model for Weakly Supervised Audio Tagging (2017)

Audio tagging aims to perform multi-label classification on audio chunks and it is a newly proposed task in the Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events 2016 (DCASE 2016) challenge.This task encourages research efforts to better analyze and understand the content of the huge amounts of audio data on the web.The difficulty in audio tagging is that it only has a chunk-level label without a frame-level label.This paper presents a weakly supervised method to not only predict the tags but also indicate the temporal locations of the occurred acoustic events.The attention scheme is found to be effective in identifying the important frames while ignoring the unrelated frames.The proposed framework is a deep convolutional recurrent model with two auxiliary modules: an attention module and a localization module.The proposed algorithm was evaluated on the Task 4 of DCASE 2016 challenge.State-of-the-art performance was achieved on the evaluation set with equal error rate (EER) reduced from 0.13 to 0.11, compared with the convolutional recurrent baseline system.
Hawk-Eye: An AI-Powered Threat Detector for Intelligent Surveillance Cameras (2021)

With recent advances in both AI and IoT capabilities, it is possible than ever to implement surveillance systems that can automatically identify people who might represent a potential security threat to the public in real-time. Imagine a surveillance camera system that can detect various on-body weapons, masked faces, suspicious objects and traffic. This system could transform surveillance cameras from passive sentries into active observers which would help in preventing a possible mass shooting in a school, stadium or mall. In this paper, we present a prototype implementation of such systems, Hawk-Eye, an AI-powered threat detector for smart surveillance cameras. Hawk-Eye can be deployed on centralized servers hosted in the cloud, as well as locally on the surveillance cameras at the network edge. Deploying AI-enabled surveillance applications at the edge enables the initial analysis of the captured images to take place on-site, which reduces the communication overheads and enables swift security actions. At the cloud side, we built a Mask R-CNN model that can detect suspicious objects in an image captured by a camera at the edge. The model can generate a high-quality segmentation mask for each object instance in the image, along with the confidence percentage and classification time. The camera side used a Raspberry Pi 3 device, Intel Neural Compute Stick 2 (NCS 2), and Logitech C920 webcam. At the camera side, we built a CNN model that can consume a stream of images directly from an on-site webcam, classify them, and displays the results to the user via a GUI-friendly interface. A motion detection module is developed to capture images automatically from the video when a new motion is detected. Finally, we evaluated our system using various performance metrics such as classification time and accuracy. Our experimental results showed an average overall prediction accuracy of 94% on our dataset.
Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of <scp>PVDF/PZT</scp> composites: A review (2015)

Smart materials, which exhibit piezoelectricity, find an eclectic range of applications in the industry. The direct piezoelectric effect has been widely used in sensor design, and the inverse piezoelectric effect has been applied in actuator design. Ever since 1954, PZT and BaTiO 3 were widely used for sensor and actuator applications despite their toxicity, brittleness, inflexibility, etc. With the discovery of PVDF in 1969, followed by development of copolymers, a flexible, easy to process, nontoxic, high density alternate with high piezoelectric voltage coefficient was available. In the past 20 years, heterostructural materials like polymer ceramic composites, have received lot of attention, since these materials combine the excellent pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties of ceramics with the flexibility, processing facility, and strength of the polymers resulting in relatively high dielectric permittivity and breakdown strength, which are not attainable in a single phase piezoelectric material. The current review article is an attempt to provide a compendium of all the work carried out with reference to PVDF‐PZT composites. The review article evaluates the effect of grain size, content and other factors under the purview of dielectric and piezoelectric properties while evaluating the sensitivity of the material for sensor application. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1589–1616, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Highly Luminescent Cu(I)−Phenanthroline Complexes in Rigid Matrix and Temperature Dependence of the Photophysical Properties (2001)

We synthesized new [Cu(NN)(2)](+)-type complexes where NN = 2-5 and denotes a 2,9-disubstituted-1,10-phenanthroline ligand (related complexes of 1 and 6 ligands are used for reference purposes). For 2, 3, and 4 the ligand substituents are long alkyl-type fragments, whereas in 5 a phenyl ring is directly attached to the chelating unit. At 298 K the four complexes display relatively intense metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (MLCT) emission bands with maxima around 720 nm, Phi(em) approximately 1 x 10(-)(3) and tau > 100 ns in deaerated CH(2)Cl(2). The emission behavior at 77 K in a CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH matrix is quite different for complexes of alkyl- (2-4) versus phenyl-substituted (5) ligands. The former exhibit very intense emission bands centered around 642 nm and hypsochromically shifted with respect to 298 K, whereas the luminescence band of [Cu(5)(2)](+) is faint and shifted toward the infrared side. These results prompted us to study in detail the temperature dependence of luminescence properties of [Cu(2)(2)](+) and [Cu(5)(2)](+) in the 300-96 K range. For both complexes the excited state lifetimes increase monotonically by decreasing temperatures, and the trend is well described by an Arrhenius-type treatment involving two equilibrated MLCT excited levels. The emission bands show a similar behavior for the two compounds (intensity decrease and red-shift) only in the 300-120 K range, when the solvent is fluid. In the frozen regime (T </= 120 K), the emission intensity of [Cu(5)(2)](+) continues to drop, whereas that of [Cu(2)(2)](+) exhibits a dramatic intensity increase. We interpret this different behavior in terms of structural factors, suggesting that long alkyl-chains in the 2,9-phenanthroline positions are optimal to prevent significant ground- and excited-state distortions in rigid matrix. We show that our results do not contradict current models describing the photophysics of [Cu(NN)(2)](+) but, instead, bring further evidence to support their validity. They also suggest guidelines for the design of Cu(I)-phenanthroline complexes showing optimized luminescence performances both in fluid and in rigid matrix, an elusive goal for over two decades.
Design Paradigms: A Sourcebook for Creative Visualization (2000)

The <i>Olig</i> genes encode members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. Olig1, Olig2, and Olig3 are expressed in both the developing and mature central nervous system (CNS) and strictly regulate cellular specification and differentiation. Extensive studies have established functional roles of <i>Olig1</i> and <i>Olig2</i> in directing neuronal and glial formation during different stages in development. Recently, Olig2 overexpression was implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders down syndrome (DS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but its influence on cognitive and intellectual defects remains unknown. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of the Olig family and how it uniquely promotes cellular diversity in the CNS. This is followed up with a discussion on how abnormal Olig2 expression impacts brain development and function in DS and ASD. Collectively, the studies described here emphasize vital features of the Olig members and their distinctive potential roles in neurodevelopmental disease states.
New area efficient residue-to-weighted number system converters (2003)

The residue number system is popular in high performance arithmetic applications like digital signal processing because of its carry free nature, modularity and error correcting properties. But these opportunities are eclipsed by the high area and time requirements for reverse conversion. In this regard, we present two new techniques for residue-to-weighted number system conversion. The first one is based on the popular Chinese remainder theorem. Here by evaluating the quotient the number is decoded. The second one deals with residue-to-mixed radix conversions. The arithmetic based technique replaces the conventional hardware intensive look up tables by simple adders. An OHR based high speed MRC is also presented. The mixed radix converters described are memoryless and are hardware efficient compared to conventional techniques.
Myocardial infarction and individual nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs meta‐analysis of observational studies (2013)

Most frequently NSAIDs used in clinical practice, except naproxen, are associated with an increased risk of AMI at high doses or in persons with diagnosed coronary heart disease. For diclofenac and rofecoxib, the risk was increased at low and high doses.
The Willgerodt Reaction (1975)

The Willgerodt reaction is discussed from a synthetic standpoint including types of compounds for starting material and conditions of operation. The Kindler modification and its usefulness is also indicated. The behavior of heterocyclic compounds in the reaction is mentioned followed by a number of interesting special compounds prepared. The results obtained by applying the reaction conditions to cyclic ketones are covered and, finally, work on the reaction mechanism to date is discussed. 1. Introduction 2. Kindler Modification 3. Reaction of Heterocyclic Compounds 4. Special Syntheses 5. Results with Cyclic Ketones 6. The Overall Mechanism 7. The Detailed Mechanism
Ice‐nucleating properties of clay minerals and stony meteorites (1960)

Abstract The ice‐nucleating properties of clay minerals have been investigated in relation to their crystalline and surface structures. The kaolin minerals, the illites and halloysite are the most effective and important, their threshold temperatures for ice nucleation lying between −9°Cand −12°C. Minerals of the montmorillonite group and related forms are active only below −15°C. The relative contributions which the various clay minerals are likely to make to the ice‐nucleus content of the atmosphere are discussed in relation to their natural abundance, wind‐borne dispersion and particle size. Kaolinite is considered to be the most important source of highly efficient nuclei in confirmation of results obtained earlier by Mason and Maybank (1958). Tests on three new specimens of stony meteorites showed them to be inactive at −17°C.