gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strength indices from pQCT imaging predict up to 85% of variance in bone failure properties at tibial epiphysis and diaphysis. (2009)

Our primary objective was to validate the Bone Strength Index for compression (BSIC) by determining the amount of variance in failure load and stiffness that was explained by BSIC and bone properties at two distal sites in human cadaveric tibiae when tested in axial compression. Our secondary objective was to assess the variance in failure moment and flexural rigidity that was explained by bone properties, geometry and strength indices in the tibial diaphysis when tested in 4-point bending. Twenty cadaver tibiae pairs from 5 female and 5 male donors (mean age 74 yrs, SD 6 yrs) were measured at the distal epiphysis (4 and 10% sites of the tibial length from the distal end) and diaphysis (50 and 66% sites) by peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT; XCT 2000, Stratec). After imaging, we conducted axial compression tests on the distal tibia and 4-point bending tests on the diaphysis. Total bone mineral content and BSIC (product of total area and squared density of the cross-section) at the 4% site predicted 75% and 85% of the variance in the failure load and 52% and 57% in stiffness, respectively. At the diaphyseal sites 80% or more of the variance in failure moment and/or flexural rigidity was predicted by total and cortical area and content, geometry and strength indices corresponding to the axes of bending.
Current and Future Applications of High Nitrogen Steels (1999)

For any new development there are just two gateways into the market: either it does relevant things never done before - in this case the market is ready to pay a considerable price. Or it does the usual things, but at a very competitive price. And of course, there is any combination of these two prerequisites. With nitrogen steels both concepts apply. On one hand there is the idea of substitution, i.e. replacing the expensive nickel by nitrogen. On the other hand there is a production of steels with an unprecedented combination of usually conflicting properties such as superior strength, toughness and corrosion resistance, as represented by the austenitie Cr-Mn-steel P900, which is used for retaining rings. In a way, success of a material and its usages, which become feasible, can be explained by looking at two things: Property potential of a new material and process technology for the production of such material. HNS steels are already indispensable in some fields and we can be sure that they will grow to further importance in the near future. This contribution just makes a little round trip through the field of HNS leads from the technology of large scale generators to the world of fashion, from high tech building and wear resistant aircraft bearings and finally even to the world of medicine.
Tissue adhesives in ocular surgery (2011)

Tissue adhesive sealants have been used as substitutes for sutures in ophthalmic surgery in recent years since the latter may cause irritation, inflammation and infection. Tissue adhesives were developed as suture adjuncts and alternatives for sealing wounded tissues. They are gaining popularity for their ease of use and postoperative comfort. Two broad classes of tissue adhesives, synthetic and biological, have been reported in previous studies. Cyanoacrylate-based synthetic tissue adhesives have been conventionally used for corneal perforation surgeries. Fibrin glue is a bioadhesive developed from blood plasma. Aside from these surface sealants, a new class of compounds termed biodendrimers has also found a use in ophthalmic surgery. Other adhesives in development include acrylic-based adhesives, polyethylene glycol hydrogels, chondroitin sulfate, riboflavin–fibrinogen compounds, photoactivated serum albumin solder and photo-polymerized hyaluronic acid compounds. This article aims to cover the therapeutic uses and application techniques of the aforementioned tissue adhesives in ophthalmology.
WEE1 inhibition sensitizes osteosarcoma to radiotherapy (2011)

We show that PD0166285, a small molecule WEE1 kinase inhibitor, can abrogate the G(2) checkpoint in OS cells, pushing them into mitotic catastrophe and thus sensitizing OS cells to irradiation-induced cell death. This suggests that WEE1 inhibition may be a promising strategy to enhance the radiotherapy effect in patients with OS.
The effect of simvastatin on patients with traumatic brain injury. (2012)

Background and Objectives: Traumatic brain injury is one of the most common causes harmful to the health of society. Several studies have been conducted on the treatment of traumatic brain injury. The protective effects of statins on neurons have been demonstrated in numerous studies. The objective of the present study is to examine the effect of simvastatin on the short-term and long-term results of consciousness in patients with brain trauma. Methods: 66 patients with traumatic brain injury with GCS in the range of 9 to 12 were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned to the treatment with simvastatin and placebo groups. The patients were evaluated according to GCS criteria at admission, discharge and 10 days after discharge as well as GOS criteria, one month, 3 months and 6 months after discharge. Results: No significant difference was observed between two groups, regarding the mechanism of injury, type and location of the lesion and complications. The comparison of the average temperatures showed that, the average temperature of patients treated with simvastatin was significantly lower. There was no significant difference between GCS and GOS of the two groups at all times. The comparison of GCS difference between the first and tenth days showed that the increase of GCS was higher in the group treated with simvastatin. Conclusions: The effects of statins on intracerebral hemorrhage have been confirmed, but few studies have been conducted on brain trauma. The present study revealed that though simvastatin caused no significant difference in GCS and GOS, but it had no harmful effects as well. It is recommended to conduct a study with a larger sample size and isolated groups.
Optimal Composition of Zircon–Fused Silica Ceramic Cores for Casting Superalloys (2002)

The dependence of flexural strength on crystalline phase content, residual porosity, and sintering temperature has been investigated for ceramic cores based on a mixture of fused silica and zircon. The rule of binary particle mixture, adopted for three particle sizes of fused silica, predicts a critical weight fraction of fine (zircon) particles of 46.9 wt% for the best packing. However, the optimal composition of a 37.8 wt% zircon–fused silica mixture for the flexural strength of ceramic cores found experimentally is lower in zircon content. The content of α‐cristobalite +α‐quartz crystallized from infilling silica sols exceeds ∼3 wt% when the strength decreases from ∼10 MPa to ∼6 MPa in samples sintered at 899–927°C. The degradation is ascribed to microcracking and the loss of coherency between the fused silica grains and the infilled silica due to β‐ →α‐phase transformation on cooling and differential densification during sintering.
Singularity-free extraction of a quaternion from a direction-cosine matrix (1976)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
“Killer Character” of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> : Curing by Growth at Elevated Temperature (1974)

Normal "killer" strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, when grown at 37 to 40 C, produce almost exclusively nonkiller cells due to loss or mutation of at least part of the non-chromosomal killer genome.
Cooling-Rate-Dependence of Dielectric Constant and Domain Structures in (1-x)Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>–xPbTiO<sub>3</sub> Single Crystals (2005)

The relationship between the dielectric constant and domain structure was investigated on PMN- x PT ( x : 0.27, 0.32 and 0.34) single crystals. As Yan et al. already reported, the cooling rate across the freezing temperature (the relaxor-ferroelectric phase transition temperature) affected the dielectric constant in the ferroelectric phase. In this study, it was found that the lead titanate compositions x affected the cooling-rate dependences of the dielectric constant. The dependences of domain structures on cooling-rate and on the composition x corresponded with the dielectric constant behavior. That is, the average domain size decreased as the dielectric constant was reduced. The relationship between the dielectric constant and domain structure is discussed from the viewpoint of the evolution of polar nanosized regions during the relaxor to ferroelectric phase transition.
Downregulation of SAV1 plays a role in pathogenesis of high-grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2011)

Taken together, downregulation of SAV1 and the consequent YAP1 activation are involved in the pathogenesis of high-grade ccRCC. It is an attractive hypothesis that Hippo signaling could be candidates for new therapeutic target.
Resistive communications based on neuristors (2017)

Memristors are passive elements that allow us to store information using a single element per bit. However, this is not the only utility of the memristor. Considering the physical chemical structure of the element used, the memristor can function at the same time as memory and as a communication unit. This paper presents a new approach to the use of the memristor and develops the concept of resistive communication.
Isolation and mapping of the human beta-signal sequence receptor gene (SSR2) (1995)

We have isolated a human cDNA clone homologous to the canine beta-signal sequence receptor gene, which codes for an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein associated with protein translocation across the ER membrane. Northern blot analysis revealed its ubiquitous expression in all organs examined. We also localized the human beta-signal sequence receptor gene (SSR2) to chromosome bands 1q21-->q23 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
A Novel Method for Viral Gene Delivery in Solid Tumors (2005)

Intratumoral infusion is the most commonly used method for viral gene delivery in clinical trials for cancer treatment. However, a potential problem in this approach is that viral vectors may disseminate from tumor to normal tissues during and after the infusion. To reduce the dissemination, we developed a novel method based on a biocompatible polymer, poloxamer 407, which could significantly increase the viscosity of virus suspension when the temperature was changed from 4 degrees C to 37 degrees C. With this method, we could significantly increase transgene expression in solid tumors and reduce virus dissemination by 2 orders of magnitude after intratumoral infusion of adenoviral vectors. The mechanism of reduction was likely to be that the viscous poloxamer solution blocked convection of viral vectors in the interstitial space and the lumen of microvessels in the vicinity of the infusion site. This method has a potential to be used in the clinic for enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity in viral gene therapy.
Evolution of 3-Mercaptohexanol, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Methyl Mercaptan during Bottle Storage of Sauvignon blanc Wines. Effect of Glutathione, Copper, Oxygen Exposure, and Closure-Derived Oxygen (2011)

The effects of wine composition and postbottling oxygen exposure on 3-mercaptohexanol (3-MH), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and methyl mercaptan (MeSH) were investigated. A Sauvignon blanc wine with initial copper concentration of 0.1 mg/L was treated with copper sulfate and/or glutathione (GSH) prior to bottling to give final concentrations of 0.3 and 20 mg/L, respectively. The wines were bottled with a synthetic closure previously stored in either ambient air or nitrogen to study the effect of the oxygen normally present in the closure. Bottled wines were stored for 6 months in either air or nitrogen to study the effect of oxygen ingress through the closure. Copper addition resulted in a rapid initial decrease in 3-MH. During storage, a further decrease of 3-MH was observed, which was lower with GSH addition and lowered oxygen exposure. H2S accumulated largely during the second 3 months of bottle storage, with the highest concentrations attained in the wines treated with GSH and copper. Lower oxygen from and through the closure promoted H2S accumulation. The concentration of MeSH was virtually not affected by the experimental variables at 6 months, although differences were observed after 3 months of storage. The implications for wine quality are discussed.
A software system for interactive and quantitative visualization of multidimensional biomedical images. (1991)

A comprehensive software system called ANALYZE has been developed which permits detailed investigation and evaluation of 3-D biomedical images. The software can be used with any 2-D or 3-D imaging modality, including x-ray computed tomography, radionuclide emission tomography, ultrasound tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and both light and electron microscopy. The package is unique in its synergistic integration of fully interactive modules for direct display, manipulation and measurement of multidimensional image data. Several original algorithms are included which improve image display efficiency and quality. One of the most versatile and powerful algorithms is interactive volume rendering, which is optimized to be fast without compromising image quality. An important advantage of this technique is to display 3-D images directly from the original data and to provide on-the-fly combinations of selected image transformations and/or volume set operations (union, intersection, difference, etc.). The inclusion of a variety of interactive editing and quantitative mensuration tools significantly extends the usefulness of the software. Any curvilinear path or region-of-interest can be manually specified and/or automatically segmented for numerical determination and statistical analyses of distances, areas, volumes, shapes, densities and textures. ANALYZE is written entirely in "C" and runs on several standard UNIX workstations. It is being used in a variety of applications by over 40 institutions around the world, and has been licensed by Mayo to several imaging companies. The software architecture permits systematic enhancements and upgrades which has fostered development of a readily expandable package. ANALYZE comprises a powerful "visualization workshop" for rapid prototyping of specific application packages, including applications to interactive surgery simulation and radiation treatment planning. ANALYZE offers the potential to accurately and reproducibly examine, from images, the structure and function of any cell, tissue, limb, organ or organ system of the body, much like a surgeon or pathologist might do in real life, but entirely non-invasively, without pain or destruction of tissue. These capabilities promise exciting new insights into the basic processes of life, and major advances in health care delivery through improved diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Context is Key: New Approaches to Neural Coherence Modeling (2018)

We formulate coherence modeling as a regression task and propose two novel methods to combine techniques from our setup with pairwise approaches. The first of our methods is a model that we call "first-next," which operates similarly to selection sorting but conditions decision-making on information about already-sorted sentences. The second consists of a technique for adding context to regression-based models by concatenating sentence-level representations with an encoding of its corresponding out-of-order paragraph. This latter model achieves Kendall-tau distance and positional accuracy scores that match or exceed the current state-of-the-art on these metrics. Our results suggest that many of the gains that come from more complex, machine-translation inspired approaches can be achieved with simpler, more efficient models.
A functional androgen receptor is not sufficient to allow estradiol to protect bone after gonadectomy in estradiol receptor–deficient mice (2003)

Although the role of estradiol in maintaining bone mass is well established, the relative contributions of the estradiol receptors ERα and ERβ and of the androgen receptor (AR) remain controversial. To determine the role of ERα-mediated, ERβ-mediated, and non–ER-mediated mechanisms in maintaining bone mass, gonadectomy and estradiol treatment were studied in ER-knockout mice. Estradiol treatment of ovariectomized ERαβ(–/–) mice failed to prevent bone loss, precluding significant effects of estradiol on bone through non–ER-signaling pathways. In contrast, estradiol prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss in ERβ(–/–) mice, as in WT males and females, indicating that ERα is the major mediator of estradiol effects in bone. No response of bone to estradiol was detected in orchidectomized ERα(–/–) mice, suggesting estradiol cannot protect bone mass via the AR in vivo. In contrast to female ERαβ(–/–) and male ERα(–/–) mice, female ERα(–/–) mice were partially protected against ovariectomy-induced bone loss by estradiol, confirming that ERβ mediates estradiol effects in bone, but only in females and with a lower efficacy than ERα. We conclude that ERα is the main effector of estradiol’s protective function in bone in both male and female mice, and that, in its absence, AR is not sufficient to mediate this response.
How many genes underlie the occurrence of common complex diseases in the population? (2005)

Our results suggest that a limited number of disease susceptibility genes with common variants can explain a major proportion of common complex diseases in the population. Our findings should help focus the search for common genetic variants that provide the most important predispositions to complex human diseases.
Recent advances in the MS analysis of glycoproteins: Theoretical considerations (2010)

Protein glycosylation is involved in a broad range of biological processes that regulate protein function and control cell fate. As aberrant glycosylation has been found to be implicated in numerous diseases, the study and large-scale characterization of protein glycosylation is of great interest not only to the biological and biomedical research community, but also to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. Due to the complex chemical structure and differing chemical properties of the protein/peptide and glycan moieties, the analysis and structural characterization of glycoproteins has been proven to be a difficult task. Large-scale endeavors have been further limited by the dynamic outcome of the glycosylation process itself, and, occasionally, by the low abundance of glycoproteins in biological samples. Recent advances in MS instrumentation and progress in miniaturized technologies for sample handling, enrichment and separation, have resulted in robust and compelling analysis strategies that effectively address the challenges of the glycoproteome. This review summarizes the key steps that are involved in the development of efficient glycoproteomic analysis methods, and the latest innovations that led to successful strategies for the characterization of glycoproteins and their corresponding glycans. As a follow-up to this work, we review innovative capillary and microfluidic-MS workflows for the identification, sequencing and characterization of glycoconjugates.
Pathophysiology of depression and innovative treatments: remodeling glutamatergic synaptic connections (2014)

Despite the complexity and heterogeneity of mood disorders, basic and clinical research studies have begun to elucidate the pathophysiology of depression and to identify rapid, efficacious antidepressant agents. Stress and depression are associated with neuronal atrophy, characterized by loss of synaptic connections in key cortical and limbic brain regions implicated in depression. This is thought to occur in part via decreased expression and function of growth factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. These structural alterations are difficult to reverse with typical antidepressants. However, recent studies demonstrate that ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that produces rapid antidepressant actions in treatment-resistant depressed patients, rapidly increases spine synapses in the PFC and reverses the deficits caused by chronic stress. This is thought to occur by disinhibition of glutamate transmission, resulting in a rapid but transient burst of glutamate, followed by an increase in BDNF release and activation of downstream signaling pathways that stimulate synapse formation. Recent work demonstrates that the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, are also associated with increased glutamate transmission and synapse formation. These findings have resulted in testing and identification of additional targets and agents that influence glutamate transmission and have rapid antidepressant actions in rodent models and in clinical trials. Together these studies have created tremendous excitement and hope for a new generation of rapid, efficacious antidepressants.
Lignosulphonate Crosslinking Reactions. 1. The Reactions of Lignosulphonate Model Compounds with Diazonium Salts (1983)

Article Lignosulphonate Crosslinking Reactions. 1. The Reactions of Lignosulphonate Model Compounds with Diazonium Salts was published on January 1, 1983 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 37, issue 2).
MultiK-MHKS: A Novel Multiple Kernel Learning Algorithm (2007)

In this paper, we develop a new effective multiple kernel learning algorithm. First, map the input data into m different feature spaces by m empirical kernels, where each generatedfeature space is takenas one viewof the input space. Then through the borrowing the motivating argument from Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA)that can maximally correlate the m views in the transformed coordinates, we introduce a special term called Inter-Function Similarity Loss R IFSL into the existing regularization framework so as to guarantee the agreement of multi-view outputs. In implementation, we select the Modification of Ho-Kashyap algorithm with Squared approximation of the misclassification errors (MHKS) as the incorporated paradigm, and the experimental results on benchmark data sets demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm named MultiK-MHKS.
Rare earth elements removal by microbial biosorption: A review (2003)

This paper reviews published work on the sorption of rare earth elements by microbial biomass. In a first part, the biosorption capacities and the various experimental conditions performed in batch reactor experiments are compared. Secondly, sorption modelling generally used in biosorption studies are described. Thirdly, the microbial cell wall characteristics of the metallic ion binding sites are considered. From these observations it seems that the important functional groups for metallic ion fixation are the carboxyl and the phosphate moieties. Moreover, the competing effect of various ions like aluminium, iron, glutamate, sulphate etc. is described. Finally, some adsorption results of the rare earth elements in dynamic reactors are presented.