gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic Layer Deposition for Polypropylene Film Engineering—A Review (2020)

Abstract Polypropylene (PP) polymers are used extensively as dielectric layers, packaging films, and separation membranes, etc. Structure, chemistry, and surface features of PP films dominate their performance and durability. Modification of PP films is carried out using atomic layer deposition (ALD) among other techniques to coat uniform layer of nanometer inorganic material on the surface and inside the pores of PP films to serve the purpose of target applications better. Controlling the reaction temperature, precursor pulsing time, and number of cycles during deposition predominate the thickness, morphology, and composition of the coated layer and hence the performance of PP films. Overall, the ALD technique has been proven to be advantageous in advancing PP film properties such as hydrophilicity, UV resistance, membrane separators, dielectric and mechanical strength, etc., primarily through the controllable formation of nanometer coating on PP films. This review discusses the recent advancements and prospective of ALD in the modification and functionalization of PP films for various applications to provide some insights and motivations to design high‐performance novel PP films by well leveraging the ALD technique.
Determinants of costs of care for patients with Alzheimer's disease (2006)

Costs of care in patient with AD are high and related to dementia severity as well as presence of behavioural disturbances. The cost estimates presented have implications for future economic evaluation of treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
Light‐Emitting Diodes in Horticulture (2015)

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have great potential to revolutionize lighting technology for the commercial horticulture industry. Unique LED properties of selectable, narrow-spectrum emissions, long life spans, cool photon-emitting surfaces, and rapidly improving energy use efficiency encourage novel lighting architectures and applications with promising profitability potential. In greenhouses, such unique properties can be leveraged for precise control of flowering and product quality for the floriculture industry, for energy-efficient propagation of ornamental and vegetable transplants, and for supplemental lighting of high-wire greenhouse vegetable crops for all-year production. In a sole-source lighting mode, LEDs can also be used for transplant production, as well as for production of rapid-turning vegetable and small fruit crops. Evidence is accumulating that nutritional and health attributes of horticultural products may be enhanced by specific wavelength combinations of narrow-spectrum light from LEDs. During periods of seasonally limited solar light, LEDs have potential to enhance daily light integral in greenhouses by providing supplemental photosynthetic radiation, particularly of red and blue light. The cool photon-emitting surfaces of LEDs permit their novel placement relative to crop foliar canopies, including close-canopy overhead lighting as well as within-canopy lighting, which greatly reduces electrical energy requirements while maintaining adequate incident photon fluxes. Because of the small size of individual LEDs and narrow beam angles from LED arrays, light distribution can be highly targeted and waste of light from LEDs minimized compared with other light sources traditionally used for horticulture. Prescriptions of spectral blends (e.g., red:far-red and red:blue ratios) can be developed for LEDs to accomplish specific photomorphogenic goals for seedling development, flowering, and possibly yield and produce quality. LED light quality may also be useful to control pest insects and to avoid physiological disorders otherwise caused by low-intensity or narrow-spectrum lighting. Complex factors such as rapidly improving LED luminous efficacy, favorable mass-manufacturing costs, local costs of electrical energy, and capital investment will interact to determine for which applications and when LEDs become the dominant lighting technology in horticulture.
Investigation of self-excited induction generators for wind turbine applications (2003)

The use of squirrel-cage induction machines in wind generation is widely accepted as a generator of choice. The squirrel-cage induction machine is simple, reliable, cheap, lightweight, and requires very little maintenance. Generally, the induction generator is connected to the utility at constant frequency and operates at practically constant speed (small range of slip). The wind turbine operates in optimum efficiency only within a small range of wind speed variation. The variable-speed operation allows an increase in energy captured and reduces both the torque peaks in the drive train and the power fluctuations sent to the utility. In variable-speed operation, an induction generator needs an interface to convert the variable frequency output of the generator to the fixed frequency at the utility. This interface can be simplified by using a self-excited generator because a simple diode bridge is required to perform the AC/DC conversion. The subsequent DC/AC conversion can be performed using different techniques. The use of a thyristor bridge is readily available for large power conversion and has a lower cost and higher reliability. The firing angle of the inverter bridge can be controlled to track the optimum power curve of the wind turbine. With only diodes and thyristors used in power conversion, the system can be scaled up to a very high voltage and high power applications. This paper analyzes the operation of such a system applied to a 1/3-hp self-excited induction generator. It includes the simulations and tests performed for the different excitation configurations.
Generation of a mouse line expressing <i>Sox17</i>‐driven Cre recombinase with specific activity in arteries (2009)

The HMG-box transcription factor Sox17 has been shown to play important roles in both endoderm formation and cardiovascular development. To conditionally inactivate genes in these domains, we have targeted a codon improved Cre Recombinase (iCre) into exon 1 of the Sox17 gene. Surprisingly, Cre-mediated recombination in the Rosa26 reporter mouse line revealed largely specific activity within the vasculature rather than in endoderm-derived tissues. Here we report a new Cre knock-in mouse line, Sox17(iCre) with activity in the vascular endothelial cells of arteries in the cardiovascular system but not in veins. Cre-mediated recombination was also strongly detected in the liver and spleen, the two organs associated with hematopoiesis. Thus, these results indicate that the Sox17(iCre) would be an appropriate tool for conditional mutagenesis of genes in the vasculature and could be used in studies of blood vessel development and angiogenesis. Additionally, we provide evidence that two different promoters drive Sox17 expression in the endodermal and vascular system.
Knowledge of symptoms suggesting malignant disease amongst general practice patients. (1982)

A questionnaire completed by 119 general practice patients showed that patients often do not appreciate the importance of certain cancer symptoms. Patients' failure to respond to certain symptoms may be an important reason why they delay in seeking help.
M2 macrophages promote beta-cell proliferation by up-regulation of SMAD7 (2014)

Determination of signaling pathways that regulate beta-cell replication is critical for beta-cell therapy. Here, we show that blocking pancreatic macrophage infiltration after pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) completely inhibits beta-cell proliferation. The TGFβ superfamily signaling inhibitor SMAD7 was significantly up-regulated in beta cells after PDL. Beta cells failed to proliferate in response to PDL in beta-cell-specific SMAD7 mutant mice. Forced expression of SMAD7 in beta cells by itself was sufficient to promote beta-cell proliferation in vivo. M2, rather than M1 macrophages, seem to be the inducers of SMAD7-mediated beta-cell proliferation. M2 macrophages not only release TGFβ1 to directly induce up-regulation of SMAD7 in beta cells but also release EGF to activate EGF receptor signaling that inhibits TGFβ1-activated SMAD2 nuclear translocation, resulting in TGFβ signaling inhibition. SMAD7 promotes beta-cell proliferation by increasing CyclinD1 and CyclinD2, and by inducing nuclear exclusion of p27. Our study thus reveals a molecular pathway to potentially increase beta-cell mass through enhanced SMAD7 activity induced by extracellular stimuli.
Entrepreneurial Career Patterns of Residential Real Estate Agents in Montreal (1974)

Pour bien comprendre les agents d'immeuble, il faut les considérer comme un type d'entrepreneurs modernes. On construit dans le cadre de cet article un modèle de leurs comportements permettant de comprendre les stratégies qu'ils déploient pour produire des résultats tangibles à brève et à longue échéance. Tenant compte de ce modèle on en arrive à différencier cinq types de carrière: les carrières manquées; les carrières marginales; les carrières ordinaires; les carrières ascendantes; les carrières prestigieuses. Ces types de carrière sont expliqués en utilisant trois facteurs décisifs: (1) le niveau des ventes immobilières utilisant des stratégies entrepreneuriales efficaces; (2) les possibilités de mobilité professionnelle ascendante ‐ ou les barrières structurelles à la mobilité ascendante‐lesquelles découlent de l'origine ethnique et du sexe en tant que statuts innés; et (3) les décisions des agents eux‐mêmes à des moments critiques de leur carrière dans la vente immobilière. Real estate agents are best understood as a type of modern entrepreneur. A model of their entrepreneurial behaviour is developed here which includes an explanation of strategies producing short‐ and long‐term success. Given this model, five career patterns are distinguished: abortives, marginals, regulars, upwardly mobiles, and perennial high producers. Finally, these patterns are explained in terms of three determinants: sales success through implementing productive entrepreneurial strategies; mobility opportunities or structurally imposed barriers to mobility, which in turn depend upon ascribed ethnicity and sex status; and individual decisions at crucial career phases.
[Experimental study on influence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on activation and function of mouse peritoneal macrophages]. (2008)

MSCs can inhibit the activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages after stimulating with LPS but has no influence on the phagocytosis.
An automated immunoassay for early specificity profiling of antibodies (2013)

Antibody-based therapeutics are of great value for the treatment of human diseases. In addition to functional activity, affinity or physico-chemical properties, antibody specificity is considered to be one of the most crucial attributes for safety and efficacy. Consequently, appropriate studies are required before entering clinical trials. High content protein arrays are widely applied to assess antibody specificity, but this commercial solution can only be applied to final therapeutic antibody candidates because such arrays are expensive and their throughput is limited. A flexible, high-throughput and economical assay that allows specificity testing of IgG or Fab molecules during early discovery is described here. The 384-well microtiter plate assay contains a comprehensive panel of 32 test proteins and uses electrochemiluminescence as readout. The Protein Panel Profiling ( 3P) was used to analyze marketed therapeutic antibodies that all showed highly specific binding profiles. Subsequently, 3P was applied to antibody candidates from early discovery and the results compared well with those obtained with a commercially available high content protein chip. Our results suggest that 3P can be applied as an additional filter for lead selection, allowing the identification of favorable antibody candidates in early discovery and thereby increasing the speed and possibility of success in drug development.
Simple models for estimating dementia severity using machine learning. (1998)

Estimating dementia severity using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale is a two-stage process that currently is costly and impractical in community settings, and at best has an interrater reliability of 80%. Because staging of dementia severity is economically and clinically important, we used Machine Learning (ML) algorithms with an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) to identify simpler models for estimating total CDR scores. Compared to a gold standard, which required 34 attributes to derive total CDR scores, ML algorithms identified models with as few as seven attributes. The classification accuracy varied with the algorithm used with naïve Bayes giving the highest. (76%) The mildly demented severity class was the only one with significantly reduced accuracy (59%). If one groups the severity classes into normal, very mild-to-mildly demented, and moderate-to-severely demented, then classification accuracies are clinically acceptable (85%). These simple models can be used in community settings where it is currently not possible to estimate dementia severity due to time and cost constraints.
Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy of surface species: a comparison of Fourier transform and dispersion methods (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy of surface species: a comparison of Fourier transform and dispersion methodsWilliam G. Golden, David D. Saperstein, Mark W. Severson, and John OverendCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 3, 574–580Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150647a049https://doi.org/10.1021/j150647a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views639Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Detection of Predation Using qPCR: Effect of Prey Quantity, Elapsed Time, Chaser Diet, and Sample Preservation on Detectable Quantity of Prey DNA (2009)

Using quantitative PCR that amplified a prey-specific mtDNA 214 bp amplicon from the COI mitochondrial gene of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), prey eggs of known age and number were fed to larvae of the generalist predator lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), to elucidate the effects of time and diet since consumption, number of prey eggs, and methods for sample fixation and preservation, on the quantity of target DNA detected. Signal was strongly attenuated directly after cessation of feeding, even when predators were immediately frozen at -20 degrees C. However, the quantity of target detected was significantly related to the number of eggs consumed and the time elapsed since eating. Decrease in detected prey DNA was consistent with a negative exponential model. The target DNA sequence disappeared from starved predators (quantitative half-life estimate of 59 min) more slowly than those fed potato aphids after consuming the target prey eggs (half-life estimate 16 min), whereas those fed C. maculata eggs as a chaser were intermediate in the rate at which they degraded the target prey DNA sequence. Fixative protocols are of critical importance in proper use of the qPCR technique. Among seven methods tested, storing the predator immediately in 70% ethanol prechilled to -20 degrees C yielded the highest amount of target sequence, 22.8% of that recovered directly from a single intact prey egg. Samples frozen without solvent at -80 degrees C and -20 degrees C yielded only 6.0% and 2.3% of the target DNA respectively, and room temperature ethanol and ethylene glycol-based antifreeze averaged below 1% recovery of target DNA. Nevertheless, target prey was detected in more than 80% of antifreeze-stored predators. Predators killed and held at room temperature for 4 h or 5 days yielded no target prey DNA in 18 of 20 cases. These results emphasize both the value and the complexities of application of the qPCR technique to field predation studies.
An important role of lymphatic vessel activation in limiting acute inflammation (2011)

In contrast to the established role of blood vessel remodeling in inflammation, the biologic function of the lymphatic vasculature in acute inflammation has remained less explored. We studied 2 established models of acute cutaneous inflammation, namely, oxazolone-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and ultraviolet B irradiation, in keratin 14-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and keratin 14-VEGF-D transgenic mice. These mice have an expanded network of cutaneous lymphatic vessels. Transgenic delivery of the lymphangiogenic factors VEGF-C and the VEGFR-3 specific ligand mouse VEGF-D significantly limited acute skin inflammation in both experimental models, with a strong reduction of dermal edema. Expression of VEGFR-3 by lymphatic endothelium was strongly down-regulated at the mRNA and protein level in acutely inflamed skin, and no VEGFR-3 expression was detectable on inflamed blood vessels and dermal macrophages. There was no major change of the inflammatory cell infiltrate or the composition of the inflammatory cytokine milieu in the inflamed skin of VEGF-C or VEGF-D transgenic mice. However, the increased network of lymphatic vessels in these mice significantly enhanced lymphatic drainage from the ear skin. These results provide evidence that specific lymphatic vessel activation limits acute skin inflammation via promotion of lymph flow from the skin and reduction of edema formation.
A 2.5 MHz phased linear array made from stacked piezoelectric composite (2002)

Piezoelectric composites have been shown to yield transducers with gain-bandwidth products substantially higher than transducers made from piezoelectric ceramic. The application of composite technology to medical ultrasound arrays has been limited by the low effective dielectric constant of the composite, which results in elements with high electrical impedance. The high electrical impedance leads to a requirement for high transmit voltages and a loss in receiving sensitivity when the element must drive a cable. One solution to this limitation is to stack layers of composite and connect the layers electrically in parallel.. This paper reports on both single layer and stacked composite and arrays made from them. It is shown that the use of single layer composite can yield an array with a well-shaped spectrum and fractional bandwidth between 80% and 90% but the sensitivity is reduced due to electrical mismatch. Results from one and two layer stacked composites are given that show coupling factors over 90% of that achievable with an unstacked composite and an effective dielectric constant consistent with the n/sup 2/ increase predicted. Results from a 2.5 MHz phased linear array built using a novel construction technique in which a 2-2 composite is stacked and diced into a 1-3-like form during the array fabrication process are presented.
<i>In Vitro</i> Potency of Various Polymyxin B Components (2011)

In view of the emergence of multidrug resistance among Gram-negative bacteria, polymyxin B has emerged as one of the therapeutic agents of last resort. Despite being available for decades, the pharmacological understanding of polymyxin B remains very limited and is a major hindrance to the optimal
Reconciling software configuration management and product data management (2007)

Product Data Management (PDM) and Software Configuration Management (SCM) are the disciplines of building and controlling the evolution of a complex artifacts; either physical or software. Surprisingly, these two fields have evolved independently; their respective solutions to the same problems are incompatible and their properties are different. PDM is good at modeling while SCM is good at building and supporting concurrent engineering. From a software engineering perspective, the challenge is to take the full potential of strong modeling capabilities, while preserving good concurrent engineering support. The paper shows that rich modeling, flexible evolution, and concurrent engineering supports have conflicting requirements and that a solution requires rethinking the concepts of evolution, versioning and modeling. We have developed a system, called CADSE (Computer Aided Domain Specific Environment), in which a product (software, physical or both) is modeled in a way similar to PDM and in which concurrent engineering and evolution is supported in the SCM way. To that end, the system is driven by models; evolution alone being defined through different models. The paper describes our system and discusses the early lessons of its first years of practical use.
Depletion of Intracellular Ca2+ by Caffeine and Ryanodine Induces Apoptosis of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Transfected with Ryanodine Receptor (2000)

Recent studies have suggested a central role for Ca(2+) in the signaling pathway of apoptosis and certain anti-apoptotic effects of Bcl-2 family of proteins have been attributed to changes in intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Here we report that depletion of Ca(2+) from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Stable expression of ryanodine receptor (RyR) in these cells enables rapid and reversible changes of both cytosolic Ca(2+) and ER Ca(2+) content via activation of the RyR/Ca(2+) release channel by caffeine and ryanodine. Sustained depletion of the ER Ca(2+) store leads to apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells, whereas co-expression of Bcl-xL and RyR in these cells prevents apoptotic cell death but not necrotic cell death. The anti-apoptotic effect of Bcl-xL does not correlate with changes in either the Ca(2+) release process from the ER or the capacitative Ca(2+) entry through the plasma membrane. The data suggest that Bcl-xL likely prevents apoptosis of cells at a stage downstream of ER Ca(2+) release and capacitative Ca(2+) entry.