gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis and Reactions of Certain α-Substituted Glycidic Esters (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Reactions of Certain α-Substituted Glycidic EstersHorton H. Morris and Margaret L. LusthCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 5, 1237–1241Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01634a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01634a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Impact and Digital Suppression of Oscillator Phase Noise in Radio Communications (2012)

The fifth chapter, deals with the Impact and Digital Suppression of Oscillator Phase Noise in Radio Communications, and is authored by Mikko Valkama, and Ville Syrjälä, from Tampere University of Technology, Finland, and Risto Wichman, and Pramod Mathecken from Aalto University, Finland. The design of compact and low-cost radios with high performance and reconfigurable capabilities is a challenging task due to the contradictory nature of these requirements, and is further hindered by the various imperfections and impairments of the analog electronics involved in the radio transceiver. Such imperfections are: mirror-frequency interference due to I/Q imbalance, non-linear distortion due to mixer and amplifier nonlinearities, timing jitter and non-linearities in sampling and analog-to-digital (A/D) converter circuits, and oscillator phase noise. These impairments can easily become a limiting factor in the performance of the radio device, especially when complex high-order modulated waveforms such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are being deployed. This chapter concentrates on phase noise, which has a complicated character and a large impact in the performance of multicarrier OFDM systems. A model of time-varying phase noise for free running and phase locked loop oscillators is presented, followed by a detailed description of the effects of phase noise in OFDM systems and time varying channels. Finally, different algorithms for the compensation of phase noise in digital base band, are explored.
A fault-tolerant communication scheme for hypercube computers (1992)

A fault-tolerant communication scheme that facilitates near-optimal routing and broadcasting in hypercube computers subject to node failures is described. The concept of an unsafe node is introduced to identify fault-free nodes that may cause communication difficulties. It is shown that by only using 'feasible' paths that try to avoid unsafe nodes, routing and broadcasting can be substantially simplified. A computationally efficient routing algorithm that uses local information is presented. It can route a message via a path of length no greater than p+2, where p is the minimum distance from the source to the destination, provided that not all nonfaulty nodes in the hypercube are unsafe. Broadcasting can be achieved under the same fault conditions with only one more time unit than the fault-free case. The problems posed by deadlock in faulty hypercubes are discussed, and deadlock-free implementations of the proposed communication schemes are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of molecular weight distribution on the shear dependence of viscosity in polymer systems (1970)

Abstract The viscosity of concentrated solutions of polystyrene were measured in steady shearing flow with a Weissenberg rheogoniometer. The polymers ranged in weight average molecular weight M̄ w from 97,000 to 3,370,000 and in distribution breadth M̄ w / M̄ n from 1.05 to 3.1. The solvent was n ‐butylbenzene, and the solutions ranged in concentration from 0.20 to 0.55 g./cc. These data were supplemented by measurements on bulk polystyrenes and polyethylenes with distribution breadths as high as M̄ w / M̄ n = 20. Master curves of reduced viscosity vs. reduced shear rate were calculated theoretically for each molecular weight distribution. The experimental viscosity data superimposed satisfactorily on these curves and furnished the viscosity at zero shear rate τ 0 and an experimental time constant τ 0 for each solution. The time constant paralleled closely the Rouse relaxation time τ R in all systems. Residual variations in the ratio τ 0 /τ R with molecular weight and concentration correlated uniquely with the product c M̄ w . These results indicate that the viscosity behavior of a polymer can be predicted with reasonable accuracy from data on its molecular weight distribution.
Clinical utility of growth factors and platelet-rich plasma in tissue regeneration: a review. (2014)

The authors recommend further research is required to establish the exact role of PRP in the treatment of tissue regeneration and to develop a standardized protocol for its use.
[NOD2/CARD15 mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with Crohn's disease. Hungarian multicenter study]. (2004)

In concordance with European data we found a high number of NOD2/CARD15 R702W and 3020insC mutations in Hungarian patients with Crohn's disease. The G908R mutation was uncommon in Hungarian Crohn's patients. The presence of the mutation was associated with ileal but not with fibrostenosing disease and extraintestinal manifestations were less common in carriers of the mutation.
MORPHOMETRICS AND CLADISTICS: MEASURING PHYLOGENY IN THE SEA URCHIN<i>ECHINOCARDIUM</i> (1996)

A phylogenetic approach to the study of evolutionary patterns is based on taxic homologies (synapomorphies). In contrast, the recognition of evolutionary processes (namely heterochronies) involves analysis of the entire morphology. Recent developments in geometric morphometry permit analysis of morphological similarities grounded in operational homologies. Such morphometric techniques are explored (1) at the level of evolutionary processes, and (2) as a complement in exploration of phylogenetic relationships. To examplify this, we perform a two-part study of the ontogeny and phylogeny of the spatangoid sea urchin Echinocardium. First, a phylogenetic analysis of ten Recent species in the genus is performed on 18 informative characters of the test. Second, morphological divergences among the species are analyzed using procrustean (superimposition) methods based on 49 homologous points. An additive distance tree is built from a matrix of morphometric distances among adult specimens. This tree is fully congruent with the phyletic results. Ontogenetic processes are explored by inserting ontogenetic series into the analysis. A distance tree including the juvenile stages shows that the general evolutionary trend of the genus is peramorphic, but species-to-species comparisons attest that no general clinal trend exists. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of morphometric approaches in evolutionary studies (1) for the understanding of heterochronies; (2) to trace the morphological implications of phylogenetic patterns; and (3) to estimate the impact of homoplasies.
X-ray crystallography—A meeting place of the sciences (1960)

Summary In this article I have tried to give an account of x-ray crystallography as a new subject which is still rapidly expanding. Without any doubt it is an important subject because it is the main method for examining the solid state on an atomic scale. It is an absorbing subject because the fundamental problem of interpreting the experimental evidence still exists and therefore intellectual effort must be put into understanding the scientific principles as well as in deriving results. This effort is at present mainly mathematical, and many people believe that it is probable that the ultimate solution must come through mathematics. But in this article I have endeavoured to show that the subject is essentially a physical one, and have described the physical procedures that I hope will reach the winning post first! This interesting race, and the collaboration of so many other branches of science, make x-ray crystallography a most lively subject to work in.
Structure of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Gene and Multiple Exons of the Coding Sequence* (1991)

The genomic structure of the LH receptor is important to our understanding of its expression mechanisms, functional domains, relationships with other hormone receptors, and evolution. We have isolated four overlapping cosmid clones and six subgenomic clones of the rat LH receptor gene. They span a total of 95.6 kilobases (kb) and extend from 23 kb upstream of the translation start site to 13 kb down-stream of the stop codon. In addition, part of the human LH receptor gene has been isolated. The coding region of the rat hormone receptor gene spans over 60 kb and consists of 11 exons and 10 introns. Southern blots hybridized with exon 1 and exon 11 probes as well as gene dose analyses demonstrate that a single copy gene encodes the rat LH receptor. Sequence comparison suggests that the porcine and human LH receptor genes have similar, if not identical, exon-intron structures. There is no consensus cAMP-responsive element within 600 basepairs up-stream of the translation start site in spite of the cAMP responsiveness of the LH receptor gene. There are, however, unconventional cAMP-responsive elements in the region: one which is identical, several which are homologous to the activating protein-2-binding elements, CCCCAGGC, and several sequences which are similar to the G-rich cAMP-responsive element found in P450c21, a steroid 21-hydroxylase. The first 10 exons encode the N-terminal half of the molecule, while exon 11 encodes the C-terminal half of the molecule. This last exon is the same in the rat and human genes. The DNA and amino acid sequences of the first 10 exons show significant similarities and reveal repetitive sequence motifs. They have similar sizes which occur in the range of 69 and 183 bases; 8 of them are from 69-81 bases. Despite these remarkable similarities, structural predictions of exons 1-10 show a diversity of structures. The N-terminal half of the LH receptor appears to have a folded structure, with frequent turns and an extensive surface area. Part of the surface is predicted to be covered by amphiphilic helices and beta structures, types of secondary structure frequently found at the interfaces between subunits or between 2 interacting molecules. The introns dividing these exons also share many similarities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Cross-Linking of Cotton Cellulose by Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids (1965)

Cross-linked, fibrous, cellulose diesters have been prepared using trifluoroacetic anhydride as a condensation agent for reaction of cotton fabric with eleven different, terminally-substituted, dicarboxylic acids ranging from malonic acid (C 3 ) to eicosane- 1,20-dicarboxylic acid (C 22 ). In the range C 2 to C 5 , only malonic acid reacts readily, oxalic acid being unreactive, while succinic and glutaric acids have qnly slight reactivity. With diadds from C 6 to C 22 , reaction occurs readily and a decrease in reactivity with chain length is observed. The reaction products are predominantly cellulose diesters containing a relatively small number of acid-ester residues. For each acid, the effect of varying the degree of cross-linking on the crease recovery, moisture regain, and water imbibition of the fabric has been determined. Crease recovery angles increase with the extent of reaction and, at equivalent degrees of cross-linking, longer chain acids effect more improvement in crease recovery than acids of shorter chain length. In geheral, both the nioisture regain and water imbibition of the fabric are decreased by esterification, the effect being greater the longer the acid chain length. Possible reasons for the observed effects are discussed.
Children's Thoughts About Reading and Spelling (2002)

Most current psychological research on children's reading concentrates either on the various abilities that children need to read or write or on the relative success of different kinds of instruction. Very little attention is being paid to the ways in which children learn orthographic rules. I argue that children typically go through 3 steps in learning a new rule. First they apply a rule that is already in their repertoire but is inadequate. Next, when they realize that this rule is inadequate, they try to extend and adjust it to cover these inadequacies. This adjustment leads them into new experiences that allow them to take the third and final step, which is to form a new and more adequate rule. These steps are similar to the theoretical sequence proposed by Piaget for children's construction of logical rules.
Optimizing plasmonic nanoantennas via coordinated multiple coupling (2015)

Plasmonic nanoantennas, which can efficiently convert light from free space into sub-wavelength scale with the local field enhancement, are fundamental building blocks for nanophotonic systems. Predominant design methods, which exploit a single type of near- or far-field coupling in pairs or arrays of plasmonic nanostructures, have limited the tunability of spectral response and the local field enhancement. To overcome this limit, we are developing a general strategy towards exploiting the coordinated effects of multiple coupling. Using Au bowtie nanoantenna arrays with metal-insulator-metal configuration as examples, we numerically demonstrate that coordinated design and implementation of various optical coupling effects leads to both the increased tunability in the spectral response and the significantly enhanced electromagnetic field. Furthermore, we design and analyze a refractive index sensor with an ultra-high figure-of-merit (254), a high signal-to-noise ratio and a wide working range of refractive indices, and a narrow-band near-infrared plasmonic absorber with 100% absorption efficiency, high quality factor of up to 114 and a wide range of tunable wavelength from 800 nm to 1,500 nm. The plasmonic nanoantennas that exploit coordinated multiple coupling will benefit a broad range of applications, including label-free bio-chemical detection, reflective filter, optical trapping, hot-electron generation, and heat-assisted magnetic recording.
Gaseous slip flow analysis of a micromachined flow sensor for ultra small flow applications (2006)

The velocity slip of a fluid at a wall is one of the most typical phenomena in microscale gas flows. This paper presents a flow analysis considering the velocity slip in a capacitive micro gas flow sensor based on pressure difference measurements along a microchannel. The tangential momentum accommodation coefficient (TMAC) measurements of a particular channel wall in planar microchannels will be presented while the previous micro gas flow studies have been based on the same TMACs on both walls. The sensors consist of a pair of capacitive pressure sensors, inlet/outlet and a microchannel. The main microchannel is 128.0 ??m wide, 4.64 ??m deep and 5680 ??m long, and operated under nearly atmospheric conditions where the outlet Knudsen number is 0.0137. The sensor was fabricated using silicon wet etching, ultrasonic drilling, deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and anodic bonding. The capacitance change of the sensor and the mass flow rate of nitrogen were measured as the inlet-to-outlet pressure ratio was varied from 1.00 to 1.24. The measured maximum mass flow rate was 3.86 ?? 10-10 kg s-1 (0.019 sccm) at the highest pressure ratio tested. As the pressure difference increased, both the capacitance of the differential pressure sensor and the flow rate through the main microchannel increased. The laminar friction constant f Re, an important consideration in sensor design, varied from the incompressible no-slip case and the mass sensitivity and resolution of this sensor were discussed. Using the current slip flow formulae, a microchannel with much smaller mass flow rates can be designed at the same pressure ratios.
Expression of Three Genes for Elongation Factor 1 α During Morphogenesis of Mucor Racemosus (1987)

Three genes, TEF-1, -2, and -3, encode elongation factor 1 alpha in Mucor racemosus. Neutral and alkaline S1 nuclease analyses revealed that the genetic organization is unique for each of the genes. The number and size of the intervening sequences vary in these closely related genes, which suggests that complex genetic rearrangements gave rise to the elongation factor 1 alpha gene family. Nucleotide sequence data from restriction fragments isolated from the 5' and 3' ends of TEF-2 and -3 confirmed the presence of a second intervening sequence in these genes. These data along with S1 nuclease mapping revealed a region at the 3' end of the three genes which was predicted to be transcribed but untranslated. Unique oligonucleotides containing 19 bases were synthesized to hybridize to this unique trailer region in the elongation factor 1 alpha transcripts. These oligonucleotides were used as probes in standard Northern analysis of RNA purified from M. racemosus cells of several morphological types. It was determined that all three genes were expressed in the cell morphological types studied. However, the accumulated level of transcript derived from each gene varied considerably, with TEF-1 mRNA present in approximately twofold greater quantity than the TEF-3 transcript and up to sixfold greater quantity than TEF-2. The level of TEF-1 and -2 mRNA varied little among the cell morphological types studied, whereas TEF-3 mRNA was present in twofold greater quantity in sporangiospores than in either germlings or yeast cells which had been induced to undergo morphogenesis to hyphae. These data suggest that there is differential expression of the genes encoding elongation factor 1 alpha in M. racemosus. At least one gene, TEF-3, shows a morphology-specific pattern of transcript accumulation.
Increased Levels of Truncated Nerve Growth Factor Receptor in Urine of Mildly Demented Patients With Alzheimer's Disease (1993)

These results suggest that an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on urine samples may provide an antemortem measure of dementia-related neuropathologic changes, but further study is needed to determine the source and potential clinical utility of increased NGF-Rt levels in urine of mildly demented patients.
PAROMOMYCIN. III. THE STRUCTURE OF PAROMOBIOSAMINE (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPAROMOMYCIN. III. THE STRUCTURE OF PAROMOBIOSAMINETheodore H. Haskell, James C. French, and Quentin R. BartzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 13, 3481–3482Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01522a086https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01522a086research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Instant tough bonding of hydrogels for soft machines and electronics (2017)

Introducing methods for instant tough bonding between hydrogels and antagonistic materials-from soft to hard-allows us to demonstrate elastic yet tough biomimetic devices and machines with a high level of complexity. Tough hydrogels strongly attach, within seconds, to plastics, elastomers, leather, bone, and metals, reaching unprecedented interfacial toughness exceeding 2000 J/m<sup>2</sup>. Healing of severed ionic hydrogel conductors becomes feasible and restores function instantly. Soft, transparent multilayered hybrids of elastomers and ionic hydrogels endure biaxial strain with more than 2000% increase in area, facilitating soft transducers, generators, and adaptive lenses. We demonstrate soft electronic devices, from stretchable batteries, self-powered compliant circuits, and autonomous electronic skin for triggered drug delivery. Our approach is applicable in rapid prototyping and in delicate environments inaccessible for extended curing and cross-linking.
Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Activation and FXR Genetic Variation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2011)

FXR activation in the ileum is decreased in patients with Crohn's colitis. This may be secondary to altered enterohepatic circulation of bile salts or transrepression by inflammatory signals but does not seem to be caused by the studied SNPs in FXR. Increasing FXR activity by synthetic FXR agonists may have benefit in CD patients.
<i>Challenger</i> (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Challenger: a multi-agent system for distributed resource allocation Authors: Anthony Chavez Autonomous Agents Group, MIT Media Laboratory, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA Autonomous Agents Group, MIT Media Laboratory, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Alexandros Moukas Autonomous Agents Group, MIT Media Laboratory, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA Autonomous Agents Group, MIT Media Laboratory, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Pattie Maes Autonomous Agents Group, MIT Media Laboratory, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA Autonomous Agents Group, MIT Media Laboratory, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims AGENTS '97: Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agentsFebruary 1997 Pages 323–331https://doi.org/10.1145/267658.267736Published:08 February 1997Publication History 88citation1,093DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations88Total Downloads1,093Last 12 Months99Last 6 weeks21 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF