gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The many measures of fine particles (1995)

Particle size is a critical parameter for a variety of operations in the chemical process industries (CPI). For example, the flow characteristics of granular materials, the sintering behavior of metallurgical powders, and the combustion efficiency of powdered coal are influenced to a major extent by particle size. The big push in the ceramics industry today is toward processing of powders at or below the one-micrometer level because use of such fine-grained materials allows tighter control of product properties. Accurate measurement or estimation of particle size is important because the quality and performance of most powder-based products are closely related to the size distribution of the fine particles. The electro-optic data processing revolution has spawned a new generation of particle-characterization equipment based on laser probing of particles systems. Computer-aided analysis of the data has come to play a dominant role. The paper discusses the critical step of sampling, the use of sieving for larger particles, the significance of particle shape, the use of lasers in size classifiers, particle surface properties, permeability techniques, and the need for instrument calibration.
Near-optimum transmit power allocation for space–time block encoded wireless communication systems (2006)

Space–time block codes (STBCs) allow the diversity provided by multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels to be utilised, thereby increasing the capacity over ergodic fading channels or decreasing the outage probability over non-ergodic fading channels. The authors consider the deployment of orthogonal STBCs in spatially distributed mesh networks where the potentially different average sub-channel gains from any transmit to any receive antenna are assumed to be known at the transmitting elements. To optimise performance in terms of capacity or outage probability, heavy signal processing is required at each transmit element as only numerical optimisation is known to yield the optimum performance. In the paper, explicit near-optimum transmit power allocation strategies for distributed STBCs operating over ergodic and non-ergodic frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels are introduced which reduce the required signal processing considerably.
How does brain insulin resistance develop in Alzheimer's disease? (2014)

Compelling preclinical and clinical evidence supports a pathophysiological connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes. Altered metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance are key pathological features of both diseases. For many years, it was generally considered that the brain was insensitive to insulin, but it is now accepted that this hormone has central neuromodulatory functions, including roles in learning and memory, that are impaired in AD. However, until recently, the molecular mechanisms accounting for brain insulin resistance in AD have remained elusive. Here, we review recent evidence that sheds light on how brain insulin dysfunction is initiated at a molecular level and why abnormal insulin signaling culminates in synaptic failure and memory decline. We also discuss the cellular basis underlying the beneficial effects of stimulation of brain insulin signaling on cognition. Discoveries summarized here provide pathophysiological background for identification of novel molecular targets and for development of alternative therapeutic approaches in AD.
Energy Efficient And Reliable Geographic Routing In Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

The wireless link can be unreliable in realistic wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Energy efficient and reliable data forwarding is important because each node has limited resources. Therefore, we must suggest an optimal solution that considers using the information of the node-s characteristics. Previous routing protocols were unsuited to realistic asymmetric WSNs. In this paper, we propose a Protocol that considers Both sides of Link-quality and Energy (PBLE), an optimal routing protocol that balances modified link-quality, distance and energy. Additionally, we propose a node scheduling method. PBLE achieves a longer lifetime than previous routing protocols and is more energy-efficient. PBLE uses energy, local information and both sides of PRR in a 1-hop distance. We explain how to send data packets to the destination node using the node's information. Simulation shows PBLE improves delivery rate and network lifetime compared to previous schemes. Moreover, we show the improvement in various WSN environments.
The effects of a high sodium diet on the metabolism and secretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the rabbit. (1992)

1. In view of previous observations that the metabolism of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is significantly increased in sodium-depleted rabbits, we wished to determine whether a high sodium intake also leads to alterations in VIP metabolism. We performed metabolic clearance studies in rabbits maintained on a high sodium diet and normal control diets. These studies were performed both before and after the administration of 1.5 mmol kg-1 of sodium intravenously to observe the effects of an acute increase in body sodium. 2. The rabbits maintained on the high sodium diet had a significantly lower basal plasma VIP level (P less than 0.025), a lower metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of the peptide (P less than 0.025) and a lower secretion rate (P less than 0.005), compared with the normal control animals. These differences were maintained following the intravenous sodium infusion. 3. The administration of the intravenous sodium infusion resulted in a further decrease in MCR in the rabbits on the high sodium diet (P less than 0.05). 4. These results confirm that VIP metabolism is affected by high dietary intake of sodium, as well as a low sodium intake, adding further support to the hypothesis that VIP may be involved in sodium homeostasis.
The Association of Adiponectin with Computed Tomography Phenotypes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2013)

The association between plasma adiponectin and computed tomography-assessed emphysema suggests a contribution of adiponectin to the development of emphysema and highlights a role for metabolic derangements in the pathophysiology of emphysema.
African Universities: The Way Forward (1994)

This study explores what can be done to overcome the current crisis of quality, relevance and finance in African universities. It catalogues the accomplishments of African universities, identifies current problems, and signals likely solutions. It analyzes pertinent experience in seven key areas where changes are needed: university - state relations, financial diversification, management, governance, relevance, quality preservation, and managing the social demand for higher education. The report also suggests how a process of higher education reform can be initiated, and outlines complementary roles for government, universities and donors in the process.
The biosynthesis of Ly-5 in T and B cells. (1981)

Abstract Studies on the molecular structure of the murine alloantigen, Ly-5, have demonstrated the existence of an unusual m.w. variation, with only particular Ly-5 m.w. forms, or combinations of forms, being expressed on certain lymphoid cell populations. In this report we compared the biosynthesis of the 187,000, 200,000, and 210,000 m.w. forms of Ly-5 (designated 187ly5, 200ly5, and 210ly5), detected on splenic T cells, with the biosynthesis of the 220,000 m.w. Ly-5 form (220ly5), which is usually detected only on B cells. EL-4 cells and density gradient-purified B cell blasts induced by the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS blasts) were used as experimental cell populations since they expressed Ly-5 phenotypes closely characteristic to splenic T and B cells, respectively. Biosynthetic labeling of EL-4 cells and LPS blasts with 14C-amino acids followed by Ly-5 immunoprecipitation and SDS PAGE analysis demonstrated that cell surface Ly-5 was synthesized, in EL-4 cells from a precursor of approximately 170,000 daltons (designated pr170ly5) whereas the precursor in LPS blasts, (pr190ly5), was approximately 20,000 daltons larger. Neither precursor was readily detected on the cell surface. Although Ly-5 synthesis in both cell types proceeded by increasing the m.w. of the precursors, synthesis of 220ly5 in the LPS blasts, significantly, did not involve the intermediate m.w. Ly-5 forms such as 187ly5 or 200ly5 detected in EL-4 cells. All forms of Ly-5 in EL-4 cells and LPS blasts incorporated 3H-mannose and 3H-glucosamine, however, the precursors incorporated a relatively higher 3H-mannose to 3H-glucosamine ratio compared to their immediate products. Restricted phosphorylation of Ly-5 was observed in LPS blasts and EL-4 cells with 32phosphate incorporation into 187ly5, 200ly5, 220ly5 but not into pr170ly5 or pr190ly5, being detected. These results demonstrate that specialization of Ly-5 biosynthesis has occurred in these T and B cell populations, resulting in the selective expression of different Ly-5 m.w. forms on the cell surface.
Structural and compositional analyses of a strained AlGaN∕GaN superlattice (2006)

We investigated the nanostructure of AlGaN∕GaN strained-layer superlattice (SLS) cladding in a GaN-based violet laser diode (LD) using a scanning-transmission electron microscope (STEM). Metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy was used to grow 200 pairs of n-Al0.14Ga0.86N∕n-GaN layers directly on the n-GaN:Si contact layer that was deposited on a (0001) sapphire substrate. The Al0.14Ga0.86N and GaN layers were distinguished as dark and bright bands in the high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) images taken in the [1¯21¯0] zone axis. The widths of the Al0.14Ga0.86N and GaN layers were determined to be 2.24±0.09 and 2.34±0.15nm, respectively. The lattice parameters of the Al0.14Ga0.86N were measured to be a=0.32±0.01nm and c=0.50±0.02nm, and those of the GaN, a=0.32±0.02nm and c=0.52±0.03nm. This is a direct illustration of the SLSs, where a good lattice matching in the basal plane caused by shrinkage of the Al0.14Ga0.86N lattice normal to the basal plane suppresses the generation of misfit dislocations. Dislocations, appearing as dark contours in bright-field STEM images and as bright contours in HAADF images, run either parallel or perpendicular to the c direction. Another mechanism of the SLS to suppress lattice defects in the LDs has also been disclosed.
Topologie <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:math> -adique sur les mots (1993)

Cet article est une introduction aux aspects combinatoires de la distance <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:math> -adique et de la topologie <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:math> -adique sur les mots. On donne plusieurs définitions équivalentes de ces notions, illustrées par divers exemples et propriétés. Après avoir décrit de façon détaillée les ouverts, on démontre que la distance <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:math> -adique est uniformément équivalente à une distance obtenue à partir des coefficients binomiaux définis sur les mots. On donne également deux exemples de suites convergentes dans la topologie <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:math> -adique. Le premier exemple est constitué par la suite des puissances d’ordre <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> d’un mot fixé, qui converge vers le mot vide. Le second est formé par la suite des préfixes du mot de Prouhet-Thue-Morse : pour chaque nombre premier <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:math> , on peut extraire de cette suite une sous-suite qui converge vers le mot vide dans la topologie <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:math> -adique. La plupart des démonstrations sont omises, à l’exception de celles qui tiennent en quelques lignes.
Partial Purification of the Protein Moiety of Porcine Tissue Thromboplastin (1977)

The tissue thromboplastin activity of porcine lung was separated from an aqueous tissue extract by differential centrifugation. Repeated suspension and sedimentation yielded a thromboplastin preparation free of soluble protein. The most effective delipidation of the lyophilized preparation with minimum denaturation of the protein moiety of thromboplastin was achieved using n-heptane/n-butanol extraction. A detergent was required to solubilize the thromboplastin protein moiety from the delipidated preparation. Gel filtration in the presence of detergent permitted further delipidation of the protein moiety and yielded a purified protein moiety. Apparent homogeneity was observed for the purified protein with several fractionation techniques. This apparently homogeneous protein dissociates into the constituent proteins in the presence of dodecyl sulphate. The aggregation of proteins is ascribed to their hydrophobic nature. Gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-1.5 m was found to be useful in the separation of the dodecyl sulphate-protein complexes on a preparative scale. Following the removal of the dodecyl sulphate, the renaturation of the thromboplastin protein moiety was unsuccessful. The purified protein moiety with its low lipid content (1%) is suitable for lipid requirement studies.
Response of a fiber Bragg grating ultrasonic sensor (2003)

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor for detection of ultrasonic waves in liquids and solid structures is investigated. The sensor contains a fiber probe with a FBG, a tunable narrowband laser source, and a photodetector. When ultrasonic waves impinge on the fiber probe, the pitch of the grating is modulated through the elasto-optic effect. The corresponding changes in reflectivity of the grating are detected by a photodetector. The sensitivity of the sensor and its frequency and directional response in the 0.5 to 3.0 MHz range are measured. Some anomalous features of the FBG ultrasound sensor response are noted. It is shown that these features result from a combination of the sensor's response to the direct ultrasonic waves propagating through the medium and the signal generated by axially guided ultrasonic waves propagating through the fiber probe.
THE ZEROS OF SOLUTIONS OF SOME DIFFERENTIAL INEQUALITIES (2003)

Let x(t) satisty ` p(t)x′(t) ′ + q(t)x(t) + r(t)xβ−1x′(t) ≤ 0 (≥ 0). Then the zeros of x(t) or x′(t) are simple.
Use of fluorescent latex microspheres (FLMs) to follow the fate of transplanted myoblasts. (1993)

A potential treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is injection of normal myoblasts into dystrophic muscles to induce formation of muscle fibers. To develop this therapy it is important to identify the injected myoblasts and the muscle fibers that they form in the host muscles. Fluorescent latex microspheres (FLMs) were used for this purpose in this study. Normal myoblasts were labeled with FLMs and injected into dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice. The FLMs clearly indicated the location of injected myoblasts in the host muscle. Muscle fibers containing dystrophin were localized by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase. They were observed in clusters near the myoblasts labeled with FLMs. FLMs were also observed in some of these dystrophin-positive fibers in each cryostat section. These results indicate that: labeling myoblasts with FLMs can be used to trace the injected myoblasts in the muscle and to identify the muscle fibers that they formed; injected myoblasts remain near the injected site and do not migrate very far; most of the dystrophin-positive muscle fibers around the injected myoblasts result from fusion of the injected myoblasts; and the low percentage of dystrophin-positive muscle fibers is likely related to limited diffusion and lack of fusion of many injected myoblasts.
Oat cell carcinoma of the esophagus (1980)

A case of oat cell carcinoma of the esophagus is reported. The tumor cells were argyrophilic and electron microscopic examination showed that they contained dense-core granules typical of oat cell carcinoma of the lung and other sites. It is concluded that primary oat cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a recognizable entity derived from argyrophil cells in the esophageal mucosa. The existence of rare esophageal carcinomas with both oat cell and squamoid features is noted and their possible histogenesis is discussed.
Hybrid cathode architectures for lithium batteries based on TiS<sub>2</sub> and sulfur (2015)

A high energy density Li–S battery is realized by a hybrid system of sulfur infused TiS<sub>2</sub> foam.
Ionization processes in gases and their application to energy conversion systems (1962)

A treatment is presented of the possibility of using a high-velocity ionized gas stream in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation. The processes leading to abnormal ionization in flames are discussed. Some of the problems involved in gaseous MHD generators are outlined. The energy transfer mechanism between charged and uncharged particles in a strong magnetic field is considered. It is concluded that a more sophisticated thermodynamic cycle than that of the simple linear, crossed field MHD generator is needed. (D.L.C.)
Adaptive fuzzy force control of an anti-personnel (AP) mine detector robot (2002)

At present, there are approximately 110 million land mines scattered around the world in 64 countries. The clearing of these mines takes place manually. Unfortunately, on average, for every 5000 mines to be cleared, one mine clearer is killed. A mine detector robot (MDR) is under development at the Electronic Research Center. The robot arm imitates a manual hand-prodding technique for mine detection. It inserts a sharp metal bar (probe) into the soil whose parameters, such as stiffness are unknown and vary depending on the type of soil. An explicit force control scheme is applied as the main control scheme, while an adaptive fuzzy controller is designed to deal with uncertainties and varying environment parameters. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed control scheme.
Inhibition of malignant ascites and growth of human ovarian carcinoma by oral administration of a potent inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. (2000)

We determined whether inhibition of the catalytic tyrosine kinase activity of the receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) inhibits the formation of malignant ascites and the progressive growth of human ovarian carcinoma cells implanted into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice. The novel protein tyrosine inhibitor PTK 787 was evaluated in two models of human ovarian cancer: Hey-A8 cells, which express low levels of VEGF/VPF and grow as solid tumor foci on the surface of peritoneal organs, and SKOV3 i.p.1 cells, which express high levels of VEGF/VPF and grow as solid peritoneal tumors and ascites. Treatment of nude mice by daily oral administration of 50 mg/kg PTK 787 was not effective against Hey-A8 tumors. In sharp contrast, it significantly inhibited growth of SKOV3 i.p.1 cells and formation of ascites, significantly increasing survival of mice with the implants. Tumor-induced vascular hyperpermeability in the peritoneum of tumor-bearing mice was inhibited by PTK 787, which accounted for its inhibition of ascites formation. Our results suggest that blockade of the VEGF/VPF receptor may be an efficient strategy to inhibit formation of malignant ascites and growth of VEGF/VPF-dependent human ovarian carcinomas.
Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Service Industries: A Conceptual Model and Research Propositions (1993)

The purpose of competitive strategy is to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) and thereby enhance a business's performance. The authors focus on the distinctive organizational skills and resources underlying SCA in service industries and the moderating effects of the characteristics of services, service industries, and firms within an industry on the skills and resources underlying a business's competitive positional advantages. The proposed conceptual model of SCA in service industries and propositions builds on relevant literature in the fields of marketing, strategic management, and industrial organization economics.
A Two-Level Graph Partitioning Problem Arising in Mobile Wireless\n Communications (2017)

In the k-partition problem (k-PP), one is given an edge-weighted undirected\ngraph, and one must partition the node set into at most k subsets, in order to\nminimise (or maximise) the total weight of the edges that have their end-nodes\nin the same cluster. Various hierarchical variants of this problem have been\nstudied in the context of data mining. We consider a 'two-level' variant that\narises in mobile wireless communications. We show that an exact algorithm based\non intelligent preprocessing, cutting planes and symmetry-breaking is capable\nof solving small- and medium-size instances to proven optimality, and providing\nstrong lower bounds for larger instances.\n
Inheritance of brewing-relevant phenotypes in constructed Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces eubayanus hybrids (2017)

Our study demonstrates the possibility of constructing complex yeast hybrids that possess traits that are relevant to industrial lager beer fermentation and that are derived from several parent strains. Yeast lipid composition was also shown to have a central role in determining ethanol and cold tolerance in brewing strains.
Investigation on low-voltage low-power silicon bipolar design topology for high-speed digital circuits (2000)

This paper investigates a bipolar design topology which is suitable to operate from a voltage supply well below 1.5 V, while maintaining the ability of high frequency operation. The topology has been applied in the design of different divide-by-4 circuits, utilizing a 20-GHz 0.6-/spl mu/m Si bipolar technology. The different versions featured slight modifications in the architecture of the logic cells and the influence on the frequency and supply voltage range of operation has been investigated. Measurements have shown operation from 1.0-V supply voltage and up to 4.2-GHz input frequency to 1.5 V and up to 6 GHz. The power consumption is approximately 0.3 mW/latch and 1.2 mW/latch, respectively.
Gas Embolism Produced by Hydrogen Peroxide (1967)

HYDROGEN peroxide has come into common usage in the treatment of neonatal intestinal obstruction due to inspissated meconium since Olim and Ciuti1 described its use in 2 cases of meconium ileus in 1954. Although authors over the past ten years have shown that dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide function well for this purpose when given by enema or through an enterotomy2 3 4 5 only 2 reports suggesting adverse effects of peroxide have appeared, both within the last year.5 6 7 This paper presents clinical and experimental data leading to the conclusion that hydrogen peroxide may be dangerous to the newborn infant in a degree . . .