gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macromolecular synthesis following a single application of alkylating agents used as initiators of mouse skin tumorigenesis. (1973)

Summary After the application of initiating dosages of certain alkylating agents, the incorporation of thymidine- 3 H, cytidine- 3 H, and leucine- 3 H into DNA, RNA, and protein, respectively, in mouse skin epidermal preparations was determined. Histological changes were compared with the metabolic activities. β-Propiolactone, γ-propane sultone, and bis(chloromethyl) ether inhibited DNA synthesis for periods up to 24 hr; this was followed by stimulation and, in turn, by epidermal hyperplasia. The maximal rate of RNA synthesis with both β-propiolactone and bis(chloromethyl) ether was attained at 12 hr, whereas the major peak with γ-propane sultone was observed at 2 days. Urethan depressed DNA synthesis for 24 hr without a subsequent increase and without detectable epidermal hyperplasia. Chloromethyl methyl ether, a weak or inactive initiating agent, produced no change in macromolecular synthesis, and the skin sections appeared normal. When either β-propiolactone or urethan was applied to mouse skin in which DNA synthesis had been prestimulated with a noncarcinogenic irritant, these agents blocked DNA synthesis.
Psychiatry and Psychology in Medieval Persia (2006)

Some of the approaches of doctors in medieval Persia are accepted today, although most remain largely unexamined. With further research, more of these treatments may be shown to be of use to modern medicine.
Innovations in BER testers enable fast and accurate eye diagram, eye mask, Q-factor, and jitter measurements (2004)

Successful integration of fast and accurate eye diagram, eye mask, jitter, and Q-factor functions into a BER tester has been demonstrated. These measurements can be done with far greater speed and statistical accuracy than previously possible.
Dienophilic reactions of 3-[(trimethylsilyloxy)]-3-buten-2-one (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDienophilic reactions of 3-[(trimethylsilyloxy)]-3-buten-2-oneRobert J. Ardecky, Francis A. J. Kerdesky, and Michael P. CavaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 7, 1483–1485Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00320a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00320a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views294Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Light-induced lattice expansion leads to high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (2018)

Light-induced structural dynamics plays a vital role in the physical properties, device performance, and stability of hybrid perovskite-based optoelectronic devices. We report that continuous light illumination leads to a uniform lattice expansion in hybrid perovskite thin films, which is critical for obtaining high-efficiency photovoltaic devices. Correlated, in situ structural and device characterizations reveal that light-induced lattice expansion benefits the performances of a mixed-cation pure-halide planar device, boosting the power conversion efficiency from 18.5 to 20.5%. The lattice expansion leads to the relaxation of local lattice strain, which lowers the energetic barriers at the perovskite-contact interfaces, thus improving the open circuit voltage and fill factor. The light-induced lattice expansion did not compromise the stability of these high-efficiency photovoltaic devices under continuous operation at full-spectrum 1-sun (100 milliwatts per square centimeter) illumination for more than 1500 hours.
Effect of Factor H-Binding Protein Sequence Variation on Factor H Binding and Survival of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>in Human Blood (2010)

Binding of the complement inhibitor factor H (fH) to the surface of Neisseria meningitidis is critical for evasion of innate host defenses. The meningococcal vaccine candidate factor H-binding protein (fHbp) serves as an fH ligand. We prepared 16 recombinant fHbp natural sequence variants. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the variants from a New Zealand epidemic strain (fHbp ID 14) and from an endemic United Kingdom strain (ID 15) showed 10-fold lower fH binding than a reference fHbp from an epidemic Norwegian strain (ID 1). By surface plasmon resonance, association rate constants (k(a)) for fHbp ID 14 and 15 were similar to those for ID 1, but dissociation rate constants (k(d)) were 4- to 10-fold higher than those for ID 1. To determine the effect of fH affinity on fHbp fitness, we prepared isogenic mutants of strain H44/76 that expressed fHbp ID 1, 14, or 15. By flow cytometry, mutants expressing fHbp ID 14 or 15 had lower fH binding than ID 1. When incubated in plasma or blood of nonimmune donors, all three mutants showed similar increases in CFU/ml. In contrast, an isogenic fHbp knockout mutant, which grew well in broth, was rapidly killed in plasma or blood. Thus, although fHbp expression was required for survival of strain H44/76 in blood or plasma, expression of two natural fHbp sequence variants with lower fH affinity had minimal or no effect on nonimmune clearance. One reason may be the high fH concentrations in normal serum, which favor saturation of fH binding to fHbp, even when dissociation rates varied over 10-fold.
O PIBID como ferramenta de teoria aliada à prática docente: um relato de experiência (2017)

El objetivo de este articulo es relatar las experiencias de estudiantes becarios de licenciatura en matematica en el PIBID (Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciacao a Docencia) en escuelas de la red publica. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, del tipo relato de experiencia, que se realizo a partir de metodos observacionales. El estudio se desarrollo en el periodo comprendido entre 2014 y 2015 en las ciudades de Divinopolis y Formiga (MG), Brasil. Con base en las experiencias obtenidas en el Programa, el articulo describe el punto de vista pedagogico y docente en conjunto con los relatos de experiencia, analisis sobre el impacto del PIBID en la vida de los estudiantes participantes y en la comunidad en que se desarrollo. El texto concluye con algunas consideraciones sobre el PIBID senalando que permite que los alumnos desarrollen capacidades importantes sobre el ambiente que los rodea. Tambien se senala que este programa promueve en el futuro docente una carga sustancial de aprendizajes sobre el proceso de ensenanza-aprendizaje, permitiendole crear y recrear estrategias que proporcionen mejorar, organizar y desarrollar actividades que sirva de orientaciones para sus futuras practicas de docencia.
Learning Transferable Graph Exploration (2019)

This paper considers the problem of efficient exploration of unseen environments, a key challenge in AI. We propose a `learning to explore' framework where we learn a policy from a distribution of environments. At test time, presented with an unseen environment from the same distribution, the policy aims to generalize the exploration strategy to visit the maximum number of unique states in a limited number of steps. We particularly focus on environments with graph-structured state-spaces that are encountered in many important real-world applications like software testing and map building. We formulate this task as a reinforcement learning problem where the `exploration' agent is rewarded for transitioning to previously unseen environment states and employ a graph-structured memory to encode the agent's past trajectory. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach is extremely effective for exploration of spatial maps; and when applied on the challenging problems of coverage-guided software-testing of domain-specific programs and real-world mobile applications, it outperforms methods that have been hand-engineered by human experts.
Stem cells as a two edged sword--from regeneration to tumor formation. (2006)

Evidence has accumulated that quiescent stem cells or cells developmentally closely related to them distributed in various organs may be a cellular origin of cancer development. In support of this notion, stem cells (SC) are long-lived cells with distinctive properties of self-renewal and has the potential to proliferate extensively. Given these features, it's possible that they may become the subject of consecutive accumulated mutations that are crucial for initiation of cancer. Therefore, mutations that occur in normal stem cells might lead to their malignant transformation and tumor initiation. Furthermore, many biological features of normal and cancer SC such as the physiological trafficking of normal and metastasis of cancer stem cells involve similar molecular mechanisms, and we discuss these similarities here.
Using Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) to Obtain Full-Length cDNAs (2003)

Most attempts to identify and isolate a novel cDNA result in the acquisition of clones that represent only a part of the mRNA’s complete sequence (Fig. 1). The approach described here to clone the missing sequence (cDNA ends) employs polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Since the initial reports of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) () or related techniques (,), many labs have developed significant improvements on the basic approach (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ). The most recent hybrid version of the relatively simple classic RACE is described here, as well as a more powerful, but technically more challenging “new RACE” protocol, which is adapted from the work of a number of laboratories (, , , , , , , ). Commercial RACE kits are available from Bethesda Research Laboratories (Gaithersburg, MD) () and Clontech (Palo Alto, CA) that are convenient, but not as powerful as the most recent versions of classic and new RACE. Open image in new window Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the setting in which RACE is useful in cDNA cloning strategies. Depicted is an mRNA for which a cDNA representing only an internal portion of the transcript has been obtained. Such circumstances often arise, for example, when open reading frame fragments are obtained from expression library, two-hybrid, or Genbank Expressed Sequence Tag searches.
Evidence for Two Adhesive Antigens on the K99 Reference Strain Escherichia coli B41 (1980)

Immunoelectrophoresis and haemagglutination studies with a K99 antigen extract from the reference strain Escherichia coli B41 (O101: K99) demonstrated both anionic and cationic mannose-resistant haemagglutinins for horse red blood cells. Neither haemagglutinin was produced by bacteria grown at 18 °C. Antibodies to the cationic haemagglutinin were demonstrated in antisera to all the K99-positive E. coli strains in every serogroup examined, but antibodies to the anionic haemagglutinin were only detected in antisera to E. coli strains from the O9 and O101 serogroups. Inhibition of E. coli B41 adhesion to calf brush borders and indirect immunofluorescent staining indicated that the anionic haemagglutinin also exhibited adhesive properties.
Cytochrome P450 3A4, 3A5, and 2C8 expression in breast, prostate, lung, endometrial, and ovarian tumors: relevance for resistance to taxanes (2019)

Enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) subfamily 3A and 2C play a major role in the metabolism of taxane anticancer agents. While their function in hepatic metabolism of taxanes is well established, expression of these enzymes in solid tumors may play a role in the in situ metabolism of drugs as well, potentially affecting the intrinsic taxane susceptibility of these tumors. This article reviews the available literature on intratumoral expression of docetaxel- and paclitaxel-metabolizing enzymes in mammary, prostate, lung, endometrial, and ovarian tumors. Furthermore, the clinical implications of the intratumoral expression of these enzymes are reviewed and the potential of concomitant treatment with protease inhibitors (PIs) as a method to inhibit CYP3A4-mediated metabolism is discussed.
Belimumab, an anti-BLyS human monoclonal antibody for potential treatment of inflammatory autoimmune diseases (2008)

Belimumab was well tolerated in treatment of RA over 24 weeks and SLE over 3 years. It significantly decreased rheumatoid factor (RF) levels, and modestly reduced symptoms of RA, especially in some subgroups such as patients with high disease activity, positive RF and no anti-TNF treatment experience. It also significantly reduced symptoms of SLE, and decreased anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies among patients with positive baseline anti-double-stranded DNA or antinuclear antibodies during a long-period treatment. These results suggest that careful patient selection is necessary to achieve optimal outcomes.
Derivate des 5, 6‐Dihydro‐<i>p</i>‐dithiin‐2, 3‐dicarbonsäure‐anhydrids, I: Imide (1969)

Abstract 5. 6‐Dihydro‐ p ‐dithiin‐2. 3‐dicarboxylic anhydride reacts with primary amines quite readily to form the substituted imides. The imide formation occurs much more easily than with maleic or phthalic anhydride. The imide and all N‐substituted imides have a fairly strong, bright yellow colour. Their absorption spectra differ considerably from those of the anhydride, ester and dinitrile. Electron‐attracting substituents on the imide nitrogen increase the absorption maximum somewhat, while strongly electron‐releasing groups decrease it, and may even shift it to a shorter wave‐length. It is therefore concluded that the imide nitrogen is part of the election acceptor group of the chromorphoric system.
1.6-b/s/Hz 6.4-Tb/s QPSK-OCDM/WDM (4 OCDM x 40 WDM x 40 Gb/s) transmission experiment using optical hard thresholding (2002)

A record of 1.6 b/s/Hz spectrum efficiency is achieved in an optical code-division-multiplexing (OCDM)/wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) link by quaternary phase-shift keying optical encoding/decoding along with ultrafast optical time-gating and optical hard thresholding in addition to polarization multiplexing. As a result, a transmission of 6.4 Tb/s OCDM/WDM (4 OCDM /spl times/ 40 WDM /spl times/ 40 Gb/s) using only the C-band wavelength region is experimentally demonstrated.
Bulk Heterojunctions Based on Native Polythiophene (2008)

Three different bulk heterojunctions were prepared by solution processing from the same precursor film. The procedure employs standard film-forming processing methods from solution whereby bulk heterojunctions of poly-(3-(2-methylhexan-2-yl)-oxy-carbonyldithiophene) (P3MHOCT) and the fullerene derivatives [60]PCBM or [70]PCBM were prepared. The films were subjected to temperatures of 200 °C whereby P3MHOCT is converted to the more rigid and insoluble poly-3-carboxydithiophene (P3CT); films subjected to a temperature of 310 °C lead to decarboxylation of P3CT giving native unsubstituted polythiophene (PT). The same precursor film prepared by standard solution processing thus gave access to three chemically different bulk heterojunctions that were studied in terms of performance and stability. The device with a bulk heterojunction of PT/[70]PCBM and an active area of 3 cm2 showed the best efficiency of 1.5% (1000 W m−2, AM1.5G, 70 °C) as well as a slow decay of the performance over 500 h of continuous illumination in a nitrogen atmosphere (330 W m−2, AM1.5G, 25 °C).
An assessment of a new breath actuated inhaler device in acutely wheezy children. (1993)

A randomised double blind, two period cross over study was designed to compare the ability of 51 hospitalised asthmatics with acute exacerbations to use each of two inhalers. The inhalers compared were a new breath actuated metered dose inhaler, the Autohaler inhalation device, and a dry powder device, the Rotahaler. Preassessment data included the measurement of peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), pulse rate, and oxygen saturation. Therapeutic response to each inhaler was compared by measurement of PEFR, oxygen saturation, and pulse rate. PIFR was sufficient in all children to fire the Autohaler, including the youngest. No significant difference was found between the two inhalers as assessed by PEFR. However the Autohaler inhalation device could be actuated 99/100 times successfully compared with 74 for the Rotahaler. There was a consistent, but clinically insignificant, increase in pulse rate after use of the Rotahaler compared with the Autohaler. All 11 patients under 6 years of age failed to empty the Rotahaler but five of these patients received a significant benefit from using the Autohaler compared with after the Rotahaler. A significant drop in oxygen saturation was observed 15 minutes after use of either inhaler. This may at times reach levels of clinical importance.
Computer-Assisted Drug Design (1979)

As even a casual perusal of the current literature will indicate, the development of theoretical techniques and application to problems in biology in general and drug design in particular has expanded substantially in recent years. This has been due in part to the appearance of techniques and computing equipment that allow examination of large molecular systems, but has also been motivated substantially by the potential practical use of these techniques in the design of new medicinal agents. When combined with similar advances in experimental biochemistry and pharmacology, the beginnings of a new field can be identified, in which problems of interest to pharmacology can be examined at the molecular level.
Gamma radiation stabilization of PVC (1984)

Abstract A new class of additives combining heat and radiation stabilization has been shown to prevent the discoloration and associated undesirable hydrogen chloride formation encountered when PVC is exposed to sterilizing doses of gamma radiation. Various mechanisms that lead to the decomposition are described and the free radical processes that cause changes in physical and mechanical properties are discussed. The performance of the new additives demonstrates that rigid PVC can be exposed to high (> 5MRad) radiation with little or no discoloration and loss of physical properties.
Posttranscriptional regulation of gene networks by GU-rich elements and CELF proteins (2008)

GU-rich elements found in pre-mRNA and mRNA transcripts play diverse roles in the control of gene expression by regulating mRNA stability, translation and pre-mRNA processing. Regulatory GU-rich elements are highly conserved throughout evolution, and play major roles in development in diverse species from worms to mammals. The conservation of the GU-rich element allowed it to be identified as a sequence that was enriched in the 3' UTR of human transcripts that exhibited rapid mRNA decay. This element functions, at least in part, as a molecular target for members of the CELF family of RNA-binding proteins, which recruit other components of the cellular posttranscriptional gene regulatory machinery to the transcript. Depending on the context, binding to GU-rich sequences by CELF proteins direct a variety of posttranscriptional regulatory events, including deadenylation, mRNA decay, translation or pre-mRNA processing. Thus, GU-rich elements and CELF proteins serve multiple functions in gene expression regulation and define an important evolutionarily conserved posttranscriptional regulatory network.
Pioneer 9 and Pioneer 10 observations of the solar wind associated with the August 1972 events (1977)

Observations are presented of the changes in the solar wind proton parameters at 0.8 and 2.2 AU as a result of the solar flares in August 1972. These observations were obtained by the NASA Ames Research Center solar wind plasma analyzer experiments on Pioneer 9 and Pioneer 10. High time resolution measurements are presented of the solar wind proton speed associated with the arrival of the interplanetary shocks at Pioneer 9 and Pioneer 10. For these events, differential ion energy per unit charge spectra are shown which indicate the changes in the solar wind ion distribution function associated with the arrival of each of the interplanetary shocks. Four fast shocks are identified at Pioneer 9, and it is found that previously the time of arrival of the first interplanetary shock at Pioneer 9 was not correctly identified. Two fast shocks and one reverse shock are identified at Pioneer 10. Calculations are performed to obtain the local shock speeds for each of these shocks observed at Pioneer 9 and Pioneer 10. On the basis of these calculations the Pioneer 9/ Pioneer 10 shock associations are reexamined, and it is found that contrary to previously published studies there was no significant deceleration of the interplanetary shocks between 0.8 and 2.2 AU.
Catastrophic failure of nacre under pure shear stresses of torsion (2017)

Nacre, a composite made from biogenic aragonite and proteins, exhibits excellent strength and toughness. Here, we show that nacreous sections can exhibit complete brittle fracture along the tablet interfaces at the proportional limit under pure shear stresses of torsion. We quantitatively separate the initial tablet sliding primarily resisted by nanoscale aragonite pillars from the following sliding resisted by various microscale toughening mechanisms. We postulate that the ductility of nacre can be limited by eliminating tablet interactions during crack propagations. Our findings should help pursuing further insights of layered materials by using torsion.
The Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase multigene family. Genomic sequence and expression of a third isoform. (1990)

The plasma membrane of higher plants contains a H(+)-ATPase as its major ion pump. This enzyme belongs to the P-type family of cation-translocating enzymes and generates the proton-motive force that drives solute uptake across the plasma membrane. In Arabidopsis thaliana the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase is encoded by a multigene family (Harper, J. F., Surowy, T. K., and Sussman, M. R. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 86, 1234-1238). The complete genomic sequence of a third Arabidopsis H(+)-ATPase isoform (referred to as AHA2) is presented here, and the predicted protein sequence is compared with previously published AHA1, AHA3, and tobacco Nicotiana plumbaginifolia NP1 isoforms. The AHA2 gene is most similar to AHA1, with predicted proteins containing 95% amino acid identity. The mRNA start site and 5'-untranslated sequence for AHA2 were determined from cDNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The 5' region contains a 23-base pair (bp) polypyrimidine sequence and a short upstream reading frame. In comparison with the 16 introns reported in AHA3, AHA2 is missing one intron in the 5'-untranslated region and a second intron in the C-terminal coding region. An unusually large intron for Arabidopsis (greater than 1000 bp) is present at the beginning of the coding sequence of both AHA2 and AHA3. In the 3'-untranslated sequence of AHA1 and AHA2 but not AHA3, there is a 65-bp region of 85% identity and a second shorter region of 16-bp identity harboring an unusual putative poly(A) addition signal (dTTTGAAGAAACAAGGC). Northern blot analysis indicates that AHA2 mRNA relative to total cellular RNA is expressed at significantly higher levels in root tissue as compared with shoot tissue.