gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sectoral allocation by gender in the 1990s: evidence from Argentina, Brazil, and Costa Rica (2000)

The recent economic restructuring in Latin American economies has led to renewed interest in the effects of trade liberalization on labor markets and its effects on the gender division of labor. This paper does not attempt to establish a causality between economic reforms and the types of jobs that men and women hold, but instead, it is a detailed description of the trends in male and female job sector attachment before and after the economic reform period in Argentina (1988 and 1997), Brazil (1989 and 1995), and Costa Rica (1989 and 1995). First it compares the gender composition in the formal, informal wage, and self-employment sectors in a year prior to reforms (1988/9) and after reforms (1995/7). Although women remain more likely than men to be in the informal wage sector, we do not find a trend with respect to masculinization or feminization of the informal, or any sector. Instead, in Argentina, men have overtaken women as the most prevalent in the sector while in Brazil the opposite has occurred (as men move to the self-employment sector) and in Costa Rica there have not been statistically observable changes. Second, we consider the distribution across sectors within gender to identify if women (men) are more likely to select different sectors in the post-reform period, relative to the pre-reform period. For both men and women in all three sample countries (except Brazilian men), the likelihood of informal wage jobs has increased while formal sector has fallen. Trends in human capital accumulation explain these differences for men and women while changes in gender roles, primarily in homecare and marriage, do not seem to have an effect on the different trends.
ShadowSync: Performing Synchronization in the Background for Highly Scalable Distributed Training (2020)

Recommendation systems are often trained with a tremendous amount of data, and distributed training is the workhorse to shorten the training time. While the training throughput can be increased by simply adding more workers, it is also increasingly challenging to preserve the model quality. In this paper, we present \shadowsync, a distributed framework specifically tailored to modern scale recommendation system training. In contrast to previous works where synchronization happens as part of the training process, \shadowsync separates the synchronization from training and runs it in the background. Such isolation significantly reduces the synchronization overhead and increases the synchronization frequency, so that we are able to obtain both high throughput and excellent model quality when training at scale. The superiority of our procedure is confirmed by experiments on training deep neural networks for click-through-rate prediction tasks. Our framework is capable to express data parallelism and/or model parallelism, generic to host various types of synchronization algorithms, and readily applicable to large scale problems in other areas.
Dimers of <scp>d</scp> - <i>myo</i> -Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate:  Design, Synthesis, and Interaction with Ins(1,4,5)P <sub>3</sub> Receptors (2004)

The design and synthesis of dimeric versions of the intracellular signaling molecule d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P(3)] are reported. Ins(1,4,5)P(3) dimers in a range of sizes were constructed by conjugation of a partially protected 2-O-(2-aminoethyl)-Ins(1,4,5)P(3) intermediate with activated oligo- and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) tethers, to give benzyl-protected dimers with amide or carbamate linkages. After deprotection, the resulting water-soluble Ins(1,4,5)P(3) dimers were purified by ion-exchange chromatography. The interaction of the Ins(1,4,5)P(3) dimers with tetrameric Ins(1,4,5)P(3) receptors was explored, using equilibrium [(3)H]Ins(1,4,5)P(3)-binding to membranes from cerebellum, and (45)Ca(2+)-release from permeabilized hepatocytes. The results showed that dimers, even when they incorporate large PEG tethers, interact potently with Ins(1,4,5)P(3) receptors, and that the shorter dimers are more potent than Ins(1,4,5)P(3) itself. A very small dimer, consisting of two Ins(1,4,5)P(3) motifs joined by a short N,N'-diethylurea spacer, was synthesized. Preliminary studies of (45)Ca(2+) release from the intracellular stores of permeabilized hepatocytes showed this shortest dimer to be almost as potent as adenophostin A, the most potent Ins(1,4,5)P(3) receptor ligand known. Possible interpretations of this result are considered in relation to the recently disclosed X-ray crystal structure of the type 1 Ins(1,4,5)P(3) receptor core binding domain.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of ZnO Microspheres and Hexagonal Microrods with Sheetlike and Platelike Nanostructures (2005)

Unusual ZnO microspheres constructed of interconnected sheetlike nanostructures were prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis approach. These microspheres possess high surface areas (28.9 m(2)/g) and are amorphous. Trisodium citrate plays a key role in directing the formation of these microstructures. By increasing the reaction time, these microspheres gradually dissolved to form short hexagonal microrods with stacked nanoplate or nanosheet structure. The microrods were also formed under the influence of trisodium citrate. They are crystalline and show a strong (002) X-ray diffraction peak of wurtzite ZnO structure. Both microsphere and microrod samples show near-band-edge emission at approximately 385 nm, but only the microrod sample exhibits yellow luminescence at approximately 560 nm. Due to their high surface areas, these ZnO microstructures were examined for their ability to photodecompose phenol. The as-prepared samples did not display photocatalytic activity due to possible surface adsorption of solution species. However, microspheres with heat treatment to 300 degrees C can substantially enhance the photodecomposition of phenol under direct sunlight irradiation and still maintain their high surface area nanosheet structure.
Recent Advances in Ascorbate Biosynthesis and the Physiological Significance of Ascorbate Peroxidase in Photosynthesizing Organisms (2008)

Ascorbate (AsA), the most abundant water-soluble redox compound in plants and eukaryotic algae, has multiple functions. There is compelling genetic evidence that the biosynthesis of AsA proceeds via a D-mannose/L-galactose pathway and is the most significant source of AsA in plants. AsA plays important roles in antioxidative defense, particularly via the AsA/glutathione cycle. AsA peroxidase (APX) plays a central role in the cycle and is emerging as a key enzyme in cellular H(2)O(2) metabolism. Plants possess diverse APX isoenzymes in cellular compartments, including the chloroplast, cytosol, and microbody. In algae, however, the number and distribution of APX proteins are quite limited. Recent progress in molecular biological analysis of APX isoenzymes has revealed elaborate mechanisms for the tissue-dependent regulation of two chloroplastic APX isoenzymes by alternative splicing, and for redox regulation of cytosolic APX gene expression in response to light stress. Furthermore, transgenic plants overexpressing a chloroplastic APX isoenzyme enable us to evaluate the behavior of the enzyme under conditions of photo-oxidative stress. Molecular physiological analysis has revealed that cytosolic APX is part of the system modulating the cellular H(2)O(2) level in redox signaling.
The Effects of Antibiotics on Enterobacterial Lipopolysaccharides (Endotoxins), Hemagglutination and Hemolysis (1958)

Summary A study on the effects of various antibiotics on enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides and hemagglutination and hemolysis revealed the following results: Small amounts of polymyxin B (1–1.25 μg/ml) and neomycin (12.5–15 μg/ml) and larger amounts of humycin (50–100 μg/ml) and streptomycin (40–125 μg/ml) inhibit enterobacterial hemagglutination and hemolysis if the antibiotics are added to highly purified lipopolysaccharide (5 μg/ml) prior to modification of sheep red blood cells. Somewhat larger amounts are required for inhibition with less highly purified lipopolysaccharides and crude preparations.Bacitracin (2500 μg/ml), penicillin (1000 μg/ml), erythromycin (1000 μg/ml), and novobiocin (500 μg/ml) have no such effect.Polymyxin B, neomycin, humycin, and streptomycin do not inhibit hemagglutination and hemolysis of previously modified red blood cells.Treatment of red blood cells with the antibiotics prior to modification does not prevent hemagglutination and hemolysis by homologous bacterial antibody and complement.Treatment of human red blood cells of blood group A with mixtures of antibiotics (polymyxin B or neomycin), S. sonnei lipopolysaccharide, and S. sonnei antibodies of human origin does not inhibit hemagglutination by blood group A antiserum, indicating that the red blood cells had not become inagglutinable. Coombs antiserum does not cause hemagglutination of these treated red blood cells.Polymyxin B, neomycin, humycin, and streptomycin do not abolish antibody neutralizing capacity of enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides in hemolysis inhibition tests, although a slight degree of inhibition was found.It is tentatively concluded that polymyxin B, neomycin, humycin, and streptomycin interfere with the attachment of lipopolysaccharides to the surface of red blood cells and, to a lesser degree, cause alteration of their antibody reacting capacity.The significance of the results is discussed with particular reference to the possible specificity of the action of antibiotics on enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides and the bearing of the findings on the mode of action of the antibiotics.
The influence of medium composition, osmolarity and albumin content on the acrosome reaction and fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa: development of an improved zona‐free hamster egg penetration test (1983)

The influence of medium composition, osmolarity and albumin concentration on the ability of human spermatozoa to undergo the acrosome reaction and penetrate zona-free hamster ova has been investigated. Raising the osmolarity but not the albumin concentration of the media was found to significantly increase the proportion of spermatozoa exhibiting an acrosome reaction and penetrating hamster ova, without influencing motility. There was, however, no correlation between the size of the acrosome reacted population and penetration rates between samples, suggesting that the zona-free hamster egg penetration test is more than just a measure of the availability of acrosome reacted cells. As a result of this study, a revised protocol for the hamster egg assay is described which is shorter and considerably more sensitive than conventional procedures.
Designing online banner advertisements (2002)

A common medium for advertising on the Internet is the use of banner ads. This study investigates recall and recognition of animated banner advertisements in an attempt to identify design guidelines. It was hypothesized that animation would increase recall and recognition of novel ads by increasing user awareness. No significant relationships were found between the use of animation and ability to recall and recognize banner ads. Results indicate that animation does not enhance user memory of online banner advertisements.
Routing in 802.11 based multi-channel wireless mesh networks (2011)

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) has become a hot research topic in the next generation wireless networks. To maximize the network throughput, which route selection strategy should be used has become a key research problem recently. Based on the analysis of the existent WMNs' route selection strategies, a novel routing metric is proposed in this paper, termed WCETTR which integrates the hop counts, qualities of channel, the inevitable and potential multichannel interfere among links. It is demonstrated in the simulation that the algorithm will improve the network throughput greatly.
Gas core nuclear reactor Patent (1968)

A further object of the invention is to piovide an im-GAS CORE NUCLEAR REACTOR proved gas core nuclear reactor habing a geometry ap-Prank E. ~~m , ~v ~n Lake, 0 ~0 , assignor (0 W i k d proximating a sphere or similar shape to minimize oper-States of America as represented by the Admidsgator ating pressures and weights by mirlimizing the tendency of the National Aeronmtics and Space Administration for mixing between the flowing coolant stream and 5s- Filed May 27, 1968, Ses.No. 732,455 slonlng vapor.Int.Cl. 621c 3 / 5 6 ,1 9 / 2 8 These and other objects and advantages of the Icventros; U.S. CI.176-45 will be apparent from the specification which follows and from the drawing wherein like numerals are used through-
Many actions of cyclooxygenase‐2 in cellular dynamics and in cancer (2002)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid. Various prostaglandins are produced in a cell type-specific manner, and they elicit cellular functions via signaling through G-protein coupled membrane receptors, and in some cases, through the nuclear receptor PPAR. COX-2 utilization of arachidonic acid also perturbs the level of intracellular free arachidonic acid and subsequently affects cellular functions. In a number of cell and animal models, induction of COX-2 has been shown to promote cell growth, inhibit apoptosis and enhance cell motility and adhesion. The mechanisms behind these multiple actions of COX-2 are largely unknown. Compelling evidence from genetic and clinical studies indicates that COX-2 upregulation is a key step in carcinogenesis. Overexpression of COX-2 is sufficient to cause tumorigenesis in animal models and inhibition of the COX-2 pathway results in reduction in tumor incidence and progression. Therefore, the potential for application of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as well as the recently developed COX-2 specific inhibitors in cancer clinical practice has drawn tremendous attention in the past few years. Inhibition of COX-2 promises to be an effective approach in the prevention and treatment of cancer, especially colorectal cancer.
Expression of a novel autoantibody defined by the VH3-15 gene in inflammatory bowel disease and <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> enterocolitis. (1994)

This study newly introduces anti-VH mAbs to assess the role of clonal B cell activity in inflammatory bowel disease. Immunohistochemistry of colonic biopsies in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), but not unaffected individuals, demonstrated uniform staining of intravascular erythrocytes with BK2, a monoclonal specific for the VH3-15 Ig heavy chain gene product. Staining was caused by erythrocytes opsinized in vivo by anti-erythrocyte Abs present in patient sera and by using the VH3-15 gene product. The erythrocyte Ag was identified by immunoprecipitation as 22- and 28-kDa membrane proteins. A direct flow cytometric assay was developed to measure this serum autoantibody and was tested in 101 individuals with UC, CD, other acute or chronic colitis, and healthy controls. Compared with normal subjects, BK2+ anti-erythrocyte Abs were elevated in most sera from patients with CD and UC (including postcolectomy). BK2+ anti-erythrocyte Abs also were elevated in 10 of 38 noninflammatory bowel disease patients, all of whom had Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis. These findings suggest that a common immunopathogenetic factor, manifested by VH3-15 B cell activation may be shared in UC, CD, and Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis.
Serum Hyaluronan Concentration as a Marker of Angiopathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (2006)

Accumulation of hyaluronan (HA) around smooth muscle cells in lesions of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients suggests that this protein plays an important role in diabetic angiopathy. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between serum HA concentrations and diabetic angiopathy. Diabetic patients treated with or without an oral hypoglycemic agent and/or insulin for at least 1 year were recruited (n = 95). We also included 20 non-diabetic control subjects. We measured serum levels of HA, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, glycated albumin (GA), high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and evaluated diabetes mellitus history, drug use and presence of related complications. Serum HA levels were significantly (P<0.05) higher in diabetic patients (83.6 +/- 5.6 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM) than in normal subjects (41.7 +/- 12 ng/ml). In diabetic patients, serum HA concentration significantly correlated with FPG, HbA1c, GA, triglyceride and also significantly correlated with BMI, hs-CRP and MCP-1 and tended to be higher in diabetic patients with complications than in those without such complications. Our data suggest that serum HA level correlates with poor blood glucose control and diabetic angiopathy and that it could be used as a marker of diabetic angiopathy.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) has potent anti‐glioma properties <i>in vitro</i>, <i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2005)

Current treatment modalities for malignant gliomas do not allow long-term survival. Here, we identify suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDAC), as an effective experimental anti-glioma agent. Administration of SAHA to various glioma cell lines obtained from human, rat and mouse inhibited tumour cell growth in a range of 1-10 microm. This anti-glioma property is associated with up-regulation of the cell cycle control protein p21/WAF, as well as the induction of apoptosis. A novel tumour invasion model using slice cultures of rat brain corroborated the anti-glioma properties of SAHA in the organotypic brain environment. In this model, glioma invasion compromised adjacent brain parenchyma, and this tumour-associated cytotoxicity could be inhibited by SAHA. In addition, a 10-fold dose escalation experiment did not challenge the viability of cultured brain slices. In vivo, a single intratumoural injection of SAHA 7 days after orthotopic implantation of glioma cells in syngeneic rats doubled their survival time. These observations identify chromatin-modifying enzymes as possible and promising targets for the pharmacotherapy of malignant gliomas.
Learning Partial Differential Equations From Data Using Neural Networks (2020)

We develop a framework for estimating unknown partial differential equations (PDEs) from noisy data, using a deep learning approach. Given noisy samples of a solution to an unknown PDE, our method interpolates the samples using a neural network, and extracts the PDE by equating derivatives of the neural network approximation. Our method applies to PDEs which are linear combinations of user-defined dictionary functions, and generalizes previous methods that only consider parabolic PDEs. We introduce a regularization scheme that prevents the function approximation from overfitting the data and forces it to be a solution of the underlying PDE. We validate the model on simulated data generated by the known PDEs and added Gaussian noise, and we study our method under different levels of noise. We also compare the error of our method with a Cramer-Rao lower bound for an ordinary differential equation (ODE). Our results indicate that our method outperforms other methods in estimating PDEs, especially in the low signal-to-noise (SNR) regime.
ChemInform Abstract: Li/β‐VOPO<sub>4</sub>: A New 4 V System for Lithium Batteries. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Weathering performance of painted wood pretreated with water-repellent preservatives. (1990)

On a evalue l'effet a long terme d'agents de preservation sur les performances de systemes de peinture appliques sur des panneaux de bois, de contreplaque ou de fibres exposes aux intemperies pendant 9 ans. On a utilise des agents hydrofruges en milieu aqueux ou solvant et des primaires alkydes ou emulsions acryliques
Preprocessing Using Attribute Selection in Data Stream Mining (2018)

Data stream mining has enormous, increasing, dynamic set of data with the time field registered while entering the information in online. It includes numerous attributes which ease the communication and ordering process between the customer and commercial centre. The basic principle in mining is to analyze the data in variant perspectives. The need for exploring such data into useful information in the concept of streaming in online and offline grow the challenge into a major thing. Data collection and preprocessing are the essential and earlier stage in mining. The method used in preprocessing enhances and ease the process unless it will lead to a difficult mining while gaining knowledge about the data. Integrating and transforming the data into an understandable format needs efficient preprocessing tools and procedures. This paper explores the preprocessing methods by applying Attribute Selection in WEKA tool that aids in a simplified and structured set of information. The proposed Attribute selection method removes the irrelevant attribute by using Cfs Subset evaluator with Greedy search method. Finally the size of the file before and after preprocessing, number of attribute elevated through this method is listed as the performance evaluation.
A Generic Inverted Index Framework for Similarity Search on the GPU (2018)

We propose a novel generic inverted index framework on the GPU (called GENIE), aiming to reduce the programming complexity of the GPU for parallel similarity search of different data types. Not every data type and similarity measure are supported by GENIE, but many popular ones are. We present the system design of GENIE, and demonstrate similarity search with GENIE on several data types along with a theoretical analysis of search results. A new concept of locality sensitive hashing (LSH) named tau-ANN search, and a novel data structure c-PQ on the GPU are also proposed for achieving this purpose. Extensive experiments on different real-life datasets demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our framework. The implemented system has been released as open source: https://github.com/SeSaMe-NUS/genie.
Informatics in the UK: Current Perspectives (2007)

Computing, Computer Science and Information Science are the nearest UK equivalents of the European Informatics degree. Informatics is a term more often associated with research or multidisciplinary applications of Computing. Barely five percent of UK departments concerned with the discipline actually use the word Informatics in their title, and potential students searching the application clearing house for university undergraduate courses would not find Informatics in its subject index. However the components of European understanding of the Informatics discipline are widely researched, taught and studied throughout UK Higher Education.If we are to support mobility of study in Europe or to successfully pursue international educational collaboration, then understanding the realisation of the discipline in the UK and how it relates to understanding in other countries, is important and necessary to support constructive future discussion, planning and action.This paper presents data collected via surveys of existing practice, individual interviews and group discussions. It summarises and analyses the structure of current practice, and draws on current debate and technological trends to suggest future direction of our fields of study in the short and medium term.