gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anion exchange membrane adsorbers for flow‐through polishing steps: Part II. Virus, host cell protein, DNA clearance, and antibody recovery (2012)

Anion exchange membrane adsorbers are used for contaminant removal in flow-through polishing steps in the manufacture of biopharmaceuticals. This contribution describes the clearance of minute virus of mice, DNA, and host cell proteins by three commercially available anion-exchange membranes: Sartobind Q, Mustang Q, and ChromaSorb. The Sartobind Q and Mustang Q products contain quaternary amine ligands; whereas, ChromaSorb contains primary amine based ligands. Performance was evaluated over a range of solution conditions: 0-200 mM NaCl, pH 6.0-9.0, and flow rates of 4-20 membrane volumes/min in the presence and absence of up to 50 mM phosphate and acetate. In addition contaminant clearance was determined in the presence and absence of 5 g/L monoclonal antibody. The quaternary amine based ligands depend mainly on Coulombic interactions for removal of negatively charged contaminants. Consequently, performance of Sartobind Q and Mustang Q was compromised at high ionic strength. Primary amine based ligands in ChromaSorb enable high capacities at high ionic strength due to the presence of secondary, hydrogen bonding interactions. However, the presence of hydrogen phosphate ions leads to reduced capacity. Monoclonal antibody recovery using primary amine based anion-exchange ligands may be lower if significant binding occurs due to secondary interactions. The removal of a specific contaminant is affected by the level of removal of the other contaminants. The results of this study may be used to help guide selection of commercially available membrane absorbers for flow-through polishing steps.
Dynamic evolution of clonal epialleles revealed by methclone (2014)

We describe methclone, a novel method to identify epigenetic loci that harbor large changes in the clonality of their epialleles (epigenetic alleles). Methclone efficiently analyzes genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing data. We quantify the changes using a composition entropy difference calculation and also introduce a new measure of global clonality shift, loci with epiallele shift per million loci covered, which enables comparisons between different samples to gauge overall epiallelic dynamics. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of methclone in capturing functional epiallele shifts in leukemia patients from diagnosis to relapse. Methclone is open-source and freely available at https://code.google.com/p/methclone.
Abnormal amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations associated with rapid-eye movement in chronic primary insomnia patients (2017)

These findings suggest that hyperarousal reflected by ALFF abnormality within brain areas related to cognition and emotion in insomnia associated with REM sleep.
Gravity instruments: Past, present, future (1998)

Geophysicists and geodesists have traditionally demanded high levels of accuracy from gravity sensors to make notoriously difficult measurements of extremely small differences in the earth’s gravity field. The earth’s gravity field ranges from about 983 000 mGal at the poles to about 978 000 mGal at the equator, yet we demand accuracies in the range of less than 1 mGal for typical surface-measured exploration targets. This means resolution of 1 part per million compared with the earth’s gravitational field.
Src-Mediated Cross-Talk between Farnesoid X and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors Inhibits Human Intestinal Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis (2012)

Besides its essential role in controlling bile acid and lipid metabolism, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) protects against intestinal tumorigenesis by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. However, the mechanisms underlying these anti-proliferative actions of FXR remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined the effects of FXR activation (FXR overexpression and treatment with an FXR agonist GW4064) and inactivation (treatment with FXR siRNA and an FXR antagonist guggulsterone) on colon cancer cell proliferation in vitro using human colon cancer cell lines (H508, SNU-C4 and HT-29) and in vivo using xenografts in nude mice. Blocking FXR activity with guggulsterone stimulated time- and dose-dependent EGFR (Tyr845) phosphorylation and ERK activation. In contrast, FXR overexpression and activation with GW4064 attenuated cell proliferation by down-regulating EGFR (Tyr845) phosphorylation and ERK activation. Treatment with guggulsterone and GW4064 also caused dose-dependent changes in Src (Tyr416) phosphorylation. In stably-transfected human colon cancer cells, overexpression of FXR reduced EGFR, ERK, Src phosphorylation and cell proliferation, and in nude mice attenuated the growth of human colon cancer xenografts (64% reduction in tumor volume; 47% reduction in tumor weight; both P<0.01). Moreover, guggulsterone-induced EGFR and ERK phosphorylation and cell proliferation were abolished by inhibiting activation of Src, EGFR and MEK. Collectively these data support the novel conclusion that in human colon cancer cells Src-mediated cross-talk between FXR and EGFR modulates ERK phosphorylation, thereby regulating intestinal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
NetPrints: diagnosing home network misconfigurations using shared knowledge (2009)

Networks and networked applications depend on several pieces of configuration information to operate correctly. Such information resides in routers, firewalls, and end hosts, among other places. Incorrect information, or misconfiguration, could interfere with the running of networked applications. This problem is particularly acute in consumer settings such as home networks, where there is a huge diversity of network elements and applications coupled with the absence of network administrators.

To address this problem, we present NetPrints, a system that leverages shared knowledge in a population of users to diagnose and resolve misconfigurations. Basically, if a user has a working network configuration for an application or has determined how to rectify a problem, we would like this knowledge to be made available automatically to another user who is experiencing the same problem. NetPrints accomplishes this task by applying decision tree based learning on working and nonworking configuration snapshots and by using network traffic based problem signatures to index into configuration changes made by users to fix problems. We describe the design and implementation of NetPrints, and demonstrate its effectiveness in diagnosing a variety of home networking problems reported by users.
Very Long-Lasting Priming in Picture Naming (1997)

A form of long-lasting repetition priming has been demonstrated by faster naming of pictures repeated from a prior exposure than new pictures This facilitation is independent of explicit memory in both normal subjects (Mitchell & Brown, 1988) and amnesic patients (Cave & Squire, 1992) Using picture naming, the current study demonstrated that priming could be detected with delays of between 6 and 48 weeks between the initial exposure and the priming test Recognition memory was also above chance at these delays, but performance on the two tests appeared independent These results show that a single stimulus exposure can have very long-lasting effects Accounts of repetition priming as a form of implicit memory will have to accommodate long-lasting changes in stimulus processing based on a single exposure.
A new hybrid passive–active noise absorption system (1997)

A new hybrid passive–active system is developed for sound absorption over a wide frequency range. The system is comprised of a layer of absorbing material positioned at a distance from an active wall, leaving an air space. The motion of the active wall is based on a new control approach which consists of the minimization of the reflected wave within the airspace which modifies the layer’s back surface impedance so as to match the characteristic impedance of air. This technique is referred here as inducing an impedance-matching condition. Both numerical and experimental results of such a system are presented for normally incident planar waves. The hybrid passive–active system results in a high absorption coefficient of 0.8–1.0 over the frequency range 100–2000 Hz and is insensitive to system parameters such as air space depth and absorbing layer thickness.
The Ultrastructural Aspect of Tapetum in Paeonia Suffruticosa Andr. (2002)

The ultrastructure of tapetum in Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.was observed by using transmission electron microscope.Some organells,such as ER,Vesiculae,Plastid and Mitochondria became more and more before tetrad stage,then ER and Ve still increased, other organelles began to brief in structure and decrease in number, then disappear in the end. At the later microspore stage, tapetum in different anthers differentiate to two type :amoeboid tapetum and secretory tapetum.The ER in secretory tapetum are more abundant than that in amoeboid tapetum,they also secrete lipid and Ve to pollen constantly. After the amoeboid tapetum disintigration, it's protoplasm round the pollens to provide nutrition for them. At the later two cell pollen stage,all of the two typies tapetum disppear completely.
Hybrid Analog–Digital Transmit Beamforming for Spectrum Sharing Backhaul Networks (2018)

This paper deals with the problem of analog-digital transmit beamforming under spectrum sharing constraints for backhaul systems. In contrast to fully digital designs, where the spatial processing is done at baseband unit with all the flexible computational resources of digital processors, analog-digital beamforming schemes require that certain processing is done through analog components, such as phase-shifters or switches. These analog components do not have the same processing flexibility as the digital processor, but on the other hand, they can substantially reduce the cost and complexity of the beamforming solution. This paper presents the joint optimization of the analog and digital parts, which results in a nonconvex, NP-hard, and coupled problem. In order to solve it, an alternating optimization with a penalized convex-concave method is proposed. According to the simulation results, this novel iterative procedure is able to find a solution that behaves close to the fully digital beamforming upper bound scheme.
Interference of intravenous lipid emulsion with the determination of calcium in serum. (1979)

A lipid emulsion in concentrations similar to those attained after therapeutic dosages were found to interfere with the determination of total serum calcium measured by a fluorometric method. Calcium results determined by atomic absorption and by fluorometry at different concentrations of lipid emulsion were compared. When lipid concentrations were less than 100 mg/dl, centrifugation was effective in eliminating the artifactural elevation in total serum calcium. Possible reasons for the observed differences are discussed.
Interpreting multifocal intraocular lens modulation transfer functions (1993)

The optical performance of new multifocal intraocular lens designs is frequently assessed using the modulation transfer function (MTF). We discuss the relationship between the MTF and clinical measures of human visual function, such as threshold visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Using in vitro MTF measurements of a human eye model containing a multifocal or monofocal intraocular lens, we predict relative changes in acuity and contrast sensitivity and outline the techniques using a simple model of human retinal threshold detection. Specific concepts introduced include the visual acuity graph, predicted visual acuity graph, and predicted contrast sensitivity function.
Role of collective self‐esteem on youth violence in a collective culture (2008)

Youth violence involvement has always been the focus of significant research attention. However, as most of the studies on youth violence have been conducted in Western cultures, little is known about the antecedents of violence in the Asian context. Researchers have suggested that collectivism might be the reason for the lower violent crime rates in Asia. Nevertheless, the present study proposes an alternative approach to the collectivistic orientation and violence relationship: The possibility that allocentrism (collectivist tendency at the individual difference level) might shape the meaning of and the attitudes towards violence; thus not all aspects of a collectivist culture serve as deterrents for violence. Instead of viewing it as a random individual act, violence in a collective cultural context could be seen, under certain circumstances, as a social obligation to one's in-group (especially when one's in-group is supportive of violence) and as an internalization of the norms and values of the culture. Thus, the present study investigates the relationship between allocentrism and its relation to violence in a highly collectivist Asian culture, Singapore. We further hypothesized that collective self-esteem might serve as the mediator between allocentrism and the values of violence. Using a sample of 149 incarcerated Singaporean male adolescents, results support the proposed theoretical model whereby collective self-esteem was found to mediate between allocentrism and the culture's norms and attitudes of violence, which eventually lead to physical violence behaviours.
A New Synthesis of 2-Aroylcoumaran-3-ones by Hypervalent Iodine Oxidation of 2-Acetyl-phenyl Benzoates Using [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene (1992)

Hypervalent iodine oxidation of 2-acetylphenyl benzoates 1a-f using [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene (HTIB), followed by Baker- Venkatraman rearrangement of the resultant 2-[(tosyloxy)acetyl] phenyl benzoates 2a-f with potassium hydroxide, provides a new convenient and useful synthesis of 2-aroylbenzofuran-3(2H)-ones 3a-f
Detecting lung cancer in plasma with the use of multiple genetic markers (2003)

Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility to detect genetic changes in plasma DNA of cancer patients. The goal of this study was to validate a panel of molecular markers for lung cancer detection in plasma DNA. Three markers, p53, FHIT and microsatellite alterations at loci on chromosome 3, were used to detect mutations in tumor and plasma DNA of 64 stage I-III non small cell lung cancer patients. p53 mutations were studied by direct sequencing of exons 5 through 8 in tumor DNA and by plaque hybridization assay and sequencing in plasma DNA. Allelic losses were evaluated by fluorescent PCR in tumor and plasma DNA. p53 genomic mutations were detected in 26 (40.6%) of 64 tumor DNA samples and the identical mutation was identified in plasma of 19 (73.1%) of them. Microsatellite alterations at FHIT and 3p loci were observed in 40 (62.5%) tumors and in 23 (35.9%) plasma samples. Of the 40 patients showing microsatellite alterations in tumors, 19 (47.5%) displayed the same change in plasma DNA. At least 1 of the 3 genetic markers (p53, FHIT and 3p) was altered in plasma of 51.6% of all patients and 60.7% of stage I patients. Moreover, genetic markers in plasma identified 29 of 45 (64.4%) of all stages and 15 of 22 (68.2%) of stage I patients whose tumors had an alteration. These results provide the proof of principle that plasma DNA alterations are tumor-specific in most cases and support blood testing as a noninvasive strategy for early detection.
Consistency of Pseudolikelihood Estimation of Fully Visible Boltzmann Machines (2006)

A Boltzmann machine is a classic model of neural computation, and a number of methods have been proposed for its estimation. Most methods are plagued by either very slow convergence or asymptotic bias in the resulting estimates. Here we consider estimation in the basic case of fully visible Boltzmann machines. We show that the old principle of pseudolikelihood estimation provides an estimator that is computationally very simple yet statistically consistent.
Eavesdropping optimization for quantum cryptography using a positive operator-valued measure (1999)

It is demonstrated that the eavesdropping optimization obtained recently by Slutsky et al. [Phys. Rev. A 57, 2383 (1998)] for Bennett's two-state protocol of key distribution in quantum cryptography holds, not only for the case in which an ordinary von Neumann projective measure is implemented by the legitimate receiver, but also for the case in which a positive operator-valued measure is implemented, as in Brandt et al. [Phys. Rev. A 56, 4456 (1997)]. In both cases, identical expressions hold for both the Renyi information gained by the eavesdropper and for the error rate induced by the eavesdropper in terms of the parameters characterizing the key distribution system and the eavesdropper's probe.
Thermomechanical Simulation of the Solar One Thermocline Storage Tank (2012)

The growing interest in large-scale solar power production has led to a renewed exploration of thermal storage technologies. In a thermocline storage system, heat transfer fluid (HTF) from the collection field is simultaneously stored at both excited and dead thermal states inside a single tank by exploiting buoyancy forces. A granulated porous medium included in the tank provides additional thermal mass for storage and reduces the volume of HTF required. While the thermocline tank offers a low-cost storage option, thermal ratcheting of the tank wall (generated by reorientation of the granular material from continuous thermal cycling) poses a significant design concern. A comprehensive simulation of the 170 MWht thermocline tank used in conjunction with the Solar One pilot plant is performed with a multidimensional two-temperature computational fluid dynamics model to investigate ratcheting potential. In operation from 1982 to 1986, this tank was subject to extensive instrumentation, including multiple strain gages along the tank wall to monitor hoop stress. Temperature profiles along the wall material are extracted from the simulation results to compute hoop stress via finite element models and compared with the original gage data. While the strain gages experienced large uncertainty, the maximum predicted hoop stress agrees to within 6.8% of the maximum stress recorded by the most reliable strain gages.
Margarine and Dairy Spreads: Processing and Technology (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Ingredients for Margarine and Dairy Spreads Crystallization Technology Margarine Production Industrial Products Consumer Margarine, Spreads, and Dairy Spreads Processing and Product Trends References
Large-Scale Transfection of Mammalian Cells (2011)

The large-scale transfection of mammalian cells allows moderate (milligram to gram) amounts of recombinant proteins (r-proteins) to be obtained for fundamental or clinical research. In this article, we describe a one-liter transfection using polyethyleneimine (PEI) for DNA delivery into human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells cultivated in serum-free suspension to produce a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that yields up to about 1 g/L in a 10-day process. The method is based on a DNA delivery step performed at high cell density (20×10(6) cells/mL) by direct addition of DNA and PEI to the culture. Subsequently, the cells are diluted 20-fold for the 10-day production phase in the presence of valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor. The methods for plasmid purification, antibody quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and affinity purification with protein A are also described.
Catalysis of the Biginelli Reaction by Ferric and Nickel Chloride Hexahydrates. One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (2002)

An efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones from the aldehyde, β-keto ester and urea in ethanol, using ferric chloride hexahydrate or nickel chloride hexahydrate as the catalyst, is described. Compared with the classical Biginelli reaction conditions, this new method has the advantage of excellent yields (53-97%) and short reaction time (4-5 hours).
Development of ultrasound tomography for breast imaging: Technical assessment (2005)

Ultrasound imaging is widely used in medicine because of its benign characteristics and real-time capabilities. Physics theory suggests that the application of tomographic techniques may allow ultrasound imaging to reach its full potential as a diagnostic tool allowing it to compete with other tomographic modalities such as x-ray computer tomography, and MRI. This paper describes the construction and use of a prototype tomographic scanner and reports on the feasibility of implementing tomographic theory in practice and the potential of ultrasound (US) tomography in diagnostic imaging. Data were collected with the prototype by scanning two types of phantoms and a cadaveric breast. A specialized suite of algorithms was developed and utilized to construct images of reflectivity and sound speed from the phantom data. The basic results can be summarized as follows. (i) A fast, clinically relevant US tomography scanner can be built using existing technology. (ii) The spatial resolution, deduced from images of reflectivity, is 0.4 mm. The demonstrated 10 cm depth-of-field is superior to that of conventional ultrasound and the image contrast is improved through the reduction of speckle noise and overall lowering of the noise floor. (iii) Images of acoustic properties such as sound speed suggest that it is possible to measure variations in the sound speed of 5 m/s. An apparent correlation with x-ray attenuation suggests that the sound speed can be used to discriminate between various types of soft tissue. (iv) Ultrasound tomography has the potential to improve diagnostic imaging in relation to breast cancer detection.
Lasers in ophthalmology: the path from theory to application (1979)

The argon laser for diabetic retinopathy therapy was originally selected for photocoagulation by matching peak emission to hemoglobin absorption to maximize obliteration of retinal blood vessels. Present clinical experience in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy does not show any marked advantage of argon lasers over ruby and xenon photocoagulators not matched to hemoglobin absorption. The efficacy of photocoagulation is shown to depend upon the interaction between choroidal and retinal blood supplies in tissue oxygenation and depends upon pigment epithelium absorption to destroy rods and cones. Design specifications for new laser photocoagulators and alternative (supplemental) therapy for diabetic retinopathy are given.
A Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demand (1992)

We consider a natural probabilistic variation of the classical vehicle routing problem (VRP), in which demands are stochastic. Given only a probabilistic description of the demand we need to design routes for the VRP. Motivated by applications in strategic planning and distribution systems, rather than resolving the problem when the demand becomes known, we propose to construct an a priori sequence among all customers of minimal expected total length. We analyze the problem using a variety of theoretical approaches. We find closed-form expressions and algorithms to compute the expected length of an a priori sequence under general probabilistic assumptions. Based on these expressions we find upper and lower bounds for the probabilistic VRP and the VRP re-optimization strategy, in which we find the optimal route at every instance. We propose heuristics and analyze their worst case performance as well as their average behavior using techniques from probabilistic analysis. Our results suggest that our approach is a strong and useful alternative to the strategy of re-optimization in capacitated routing problems.