gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas-liquid heat transfer in a bubble collapsing near a wall (1997)

The collapse of a gas bubble near a solid wall is studied numerically by assuming the liquid to be incompressible and the Mach number of the gas flow to be small. The liquid motion is simulated by a boundary integral method and the gas thermo-fluid dynamics by finite differences on a boundary-fitted grid. With the physical properties of a liquid monopropellant, it is found that the liquid heating is essentially localized in the microjet, but is probably not sufficient to cause spontaneous ignition. The reasons for this conclusion — that, while being in general agreement with available experimental evidence, is at variance with deductions from previous spherical collapse calculations — are elucidated.
U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's High-Level Waste Repository Licensing Program and Regulatory Strategy (1990)

The U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) High-Level Waste Repository Licensing Program during the pre-licence application phase consists of activities in the following four areas: regulatory requirements and technical guidance, technical assessment capability, quality assurance, and prelicensing and site characterization reviews. The staff has prepared a regulatory strategy to guide the refinement of the regulatory requirements and technical guidance regulatory framework. This strategy consists of approaches for identifying uncertainties in the existing regulatory framework and approaches for further refining the regulatory framework, to reduce uncertainties, using a mix of rulemakings, Technical Positions, and a Regulatory Guide. The revised regulatory framework will help ensure that the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) has the necessary guidance to prepare and submit a complete and high quality License Application and that inefficiencies do not result in the licensing process from a lack of regulatory guidance.
Optimizing Depth Resolution in Confocal Raman Microscopy: A Comparison of Metallurgical, Dry Corrected, and Oil Immersion Objectives (2007)

Spherical aberration is probably the most important factor limiting the practical performance of a confocal Raman microscope. This paper suggests some simple samples that can be readily fabricated in any laboratory to test the performance of a confocal Raman microscope under realistic operating conditions (i.e., a deeply buried interface, rather than the often-selected alternative of a bare silicon wafer or a thin film in air). The samples chosen were silicon wafers buried beneath transparent polymeric or glass overlayers, and a polymer laminate buried beneath a cover glass. These samples were used to compare the performance of three types of objectives (metallurgical, oil immersion, and dry corrected) in terms of depth resolution and signal throughput. The oil immersion objective gave the best depth resolution and intensity, followed by a dry corrected (60x, 0.9 numerical aperture) objective. The 100x metallurgical objective was the worst choice, with degradations of approximately 5x and 8x in the depth resolution and signal from a silicon wafer, comparing a bare wafer with one buried under a 150 microm cover glass. In particular, the high signal level obtained makes the immersion objective an attractive choice. Results from the buried laminate were even more impressive; a 30x improvement in spectral contrast was obtained using the oil immersion objective to analyze a thin (19 microm) coating on a PET substrate, buried beneath a 150 microm cover glass, compared with the metallurgical objective.
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Mono- and Diphosphorylated 1,10-Phenanthrolines (2012)

A general protocol for the coupling of mono- and dihalo-1,10-phenanthrolines with diethyl phosphite is reported. This reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of a Pd(OAc)<sub>2</sub>/dppf catalytic system and triethylamine as a base.
Vascular Biology in Clinical Practice (2001)

1. Spectrum of Cardiovascular Disease 2. Historical Aspects of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology 3. Blood Vessel Structure 4. Endothelial Function 5. Endothelial Vasodilators 6. Endothelial Vasoconstrictors 7. The Angiotensins 8. Ion Channels and Vascular Tone 9. Endothelial Dysfunction 10. Atherosclerosis 11. Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease 12. Arterial Compliance 13. Hemodynamics and Atherosclerosis 14. Systolic, Diastolic, and Pulse Pressure 15. Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Arterial Compliance 16. Treatment of Hypertension: New Approach Based on Vascular Biology 17. Summary and Conclusions
Identification of two novel, kinase‐deficient variants of discoidin domain receptor 1: differential expression in human colon cancer cell lines (2001)

ABSTRACT Discoidin domain receptor 1 belongs to a subfamily of tyrosine kinase receptors activated by various types of collagen. Alternative splicing in the juxtamembrane region of the receptor results in the insertion of 37 amino acids. Here we used primer flanking the juxtamembrane region to search for additional isoforms. From human colon carcinoma Colo 206F cells, we identified two novel isoforms, DDR1d and DDR1e. In the DDR1d sequence, exon 11 and 12 are deleted, which results in a frame‐shift mutation and premature termination of translation. DDR1e arises from an alternative usage of a splice acceptor site in exon 10 and deletion of exon 11 and12. Both new isoforms are predicted to be membrane‐anchored, but kinase‐deficient, receptors. Transcripts for DDR1d and DDR1e were present to various degrees in a panel of human colon cancer cell lines. Using antibodies to several different receptor epitopes, we found correlating expression of DDR1d and DDR1e protein with the expected molecular weight of 68 and 95 kDa in colon carcinoma cell lines. Despite the abundant expression of truncated DDR1d in Colo 206F cells, stimulation with collagen induced full‐length receptor phosphorylation, thereby suggesting a lack of dominant‐negative inhibition by DDR1d. Exogenous overexpression of DDR1d in transient transfection assays supported a nondominant negative mechanism of signal modulation.
Arte & sociedade: pinceladas num tema insólito (2006)

This article deals with the relationship between art and society, approaching it as inseparable, originated from the relation between mankind and its natural environment, and understanding art as a founding and unifying agent in societies. The text emphasizes the interdisciplinary aspect, focusing the proposals presented by Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, Michel Foucault and Umberto Galimberti.
Identification, diagnosis and assessment of atrial fibrillation (2006)

<h3>Background:</h3> No susceptibility genes have been identified in human prion disase, apart from the prion protein gene (<i>PRNP</i>). The gene <i>SPRN</i>, encodes Shadoo (Sho, shadow of prion protein) which has protein homology and possible functional links with the prion protein. <h3>Methods:</h3> A genetic screen was carried out of the open reading frame of <i>SPRN</i> by direct sequencing in 522 patients with prion disease, including 107 with variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD), and 861 healthy controls. <h3>Results:</h3> A common coding variant of <i>SPRN</i>, two further single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and three rare insertion or deletion variants were found. A single base-pair insertion at codon 46, predicted to cause a frameshift and potentially a novel protein, was found in two patients with vCJD but not in controls (p = 0.01). Two linked SNPs, one in intron 1 and the other a missense variant at codon 7, were associated with risk of sporadic CJD (p = 0.009). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> These data justify the functional genetic characterisation of <i>SPRN</i> and support the involvement of Shadoo in prion pathobiology.
Traveling wave magnetophoresis for high resolution chip based separations (2007)

A new mode of magnetophoresis is described that is capable of separating micron-sized superparamagnetic beads from complex mixtures with high sensitivity to their size and magnetic moment. This separation technique employs a translating periodic potential energy landscape to transport magnetic beads horizontally across a substrate. The potential energy landscape is created by superimposing an external, rotating magnetic field on top of the local fixed magnetic field distribution near a periodic arrangement of micro-magnets. At low driving frequencies of the external field rotation, the beads become locked into the potential energy landscape and move at the same velocity as the traveling magnetic field wave. At frequencies above a critical threshold, defined by the bead's hydrodynamic drag and magnetic moment, the motion of a specific population of magnetic beads becomes uncoupled from the potential energy landscape and its magnetophoretic mobility is dramatically reduced. By exploiting this frequency dependence, highly efficient separation of magnetic beads has been achieved, based on fractional differences in bead diameter and/or their specific attachment to two microorganisms, i.e., B. globigii and S. cerevisiae.
Down-mixing using coherence suppression (2014)

A common problem in audio signal processing is to mix two or more signals into one sum signal. The mixing procedure, known as down-mixing, usually introduces some signal impairments, especially if two signals contain similar but phase shifted signal components. Summing up such signals results in severe comb-filter artifacts. In this paper, we propose a novel down-mix method which prevents comb-filter effects. This is achieved by suppressing the coherent signal parts of one input signal prior to mixing. During the down-mixing, a scaling gain is applied ensuring the preservation of overall signal energy. Furthermore, a phase-align extension to the down-mixer is introduced. The proposed down-mixer is evaluated qualitatively in comparison with two existing down-mix approaches as well as quantitatively by means of a distortion analysis.
Effects of iris surface curvature on iris recognition (2013)

To focus on objects at various distances, the lens of the eye must change shape to adjust its refractive power. This change in lens shape causes a change in the shape of the iris surface which can be measured by examining the curvature of the iris. This work isolates the variable of iris curvature in the recognition process and shows that differences in iris curvature degrade matching ability. To our knowledge, no other work has examined the effects of varying iris curvature on matching ability. To examine this degradation, we conduct a matching experiment across pairs of images with varying degrees of iris curvature differences. The results show a statistically significant degradation in matching ability. Finally, the real world impact of these findings is discussed.
Integration of sensing, computation, communication and cooperation for distributed mobile sensor networks (2004)

This paper presents a novel semantic model and a hybrid perceptive frame approach for the integration of sensing, computation, communication and control of reconfigurable mobile sensor networks composed of a collection of mobile robotic sensing nodes. In this paper, the entire mobile sensor network is modelled as a dynamical system, which has sensing, computation, communication and locomotion capabilities. A semantic model of mobile sensor networks is proposed to describe the relationship of different sensor nodes and the corresponding multi-modal sensory information at varying abstraction levels. Based on this model, the hybrid perceptive frame describes the hybrid nature of cooperative sensor networks and integrates sensing, communication and cooperation by perceptive references and perceptive semantics. The hybrid perceptive reference frame approach allows the mobile sensor nodes to respond to the unpredictable environments and coordinate with each other based on communication and the perception of environments.
X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of High‐ and Low‐Temperature Forms of Zirconium Titanate (1991)

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra were measured for the high‐temperature forms (quenched from 1500°C) of zirconium titanate and its solid solutions, the low‐temperature forms (quenched from 1000°C), and cubic Ba(Zr 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 . Two distinct differences in the XPS spectra were noted between the high‐ temperature forms. The O 1 s spectrum of the high‐temperature form consisted of two peaks of nearly equal intensities with a spacing of 2.2 eV, which was larger than the corresponding spacing of 1.6 eV, for Ba(Zr 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 , while the spectrum of the low‐temperature forms was almost a single peak. The high‐temperature form had an unassignable spectrum with a binding energy of 25 eV between the peaks of Zr 4 p and O 2 s . The unassignable spectrum could be a molecular orbital which had been hypothesized to form in these compounds.
SAP on the Cloud (2013)

This book provides an introduction to the various facets of building and operating an SAP infrastructure exploiting Cloud technologies. It describes and discusses the latest developments and challenges and suitable solutions, and also outlines future trends where possible. To ensure that this book is also useful to readers who do not consider themselves experts in this area, this book explains in detail the backgrounds of the various solutions. Also, practice-oriented case studies are provided throughout the book in order to make the reader aware of essential but perhaps less obvious points. However, the book concentrates exclusively on the set up and operation of the SAP infrastructure. It does not give details on how to install and customize the SAP software, nor does it deal with the much more complex tasks involved in business process implementation and reengineering.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Alkynyl Aziridines: Both Enantiomers of <i>cis</i>‐Aziridines from One Enantiomer of the Catalyst (2014)

Alkynyl aziridines can be obtained from the catalytic asymmetric aziridination (AZ reaction) of alkynyl imines with diazo compounds in high yields and high asymmetric inductions mediated by a chiral boroxinate or BOROX catalyst. In contrast to the AZ reaction with aryl- and alkyl-substituted imines, alkynyl imines react to give cis-substituted aziridines with both diazo esters and diazo acetamides. Remarkably, however, the two diazo compounds give different enantiomers of the cis-aziridine from the same enantiomer of the catalyst. Theoretical considerations of the possible transition states for the enantiogenic step reveal that the switch in enantiomers results from a switch from Si-face to Re-face addition to the imine, which in turn is related to a switch from reaction with an E-imine in the former and a Z-isomer of the imine in the latter.
A modified oscillating sphere magnetic microrheometer for use with biological secretions (1982)

An oscillating sphere magnetic microrheometer capable of measuring the viscoelastic properties of biological secretions of sample volume 5-100 mu l has been developed. Data acquisition is facilitated by linking the rheometer to a frequency response analyser. The instrument can be used over the frequency range 0.05 to 20 Hz, and reproducibility with purified mucus is better than +or-15%.
Effects of Bile Salts on Porcine Pancreatic Lipase-Catalyzed Lipolysis (1975)

Effect of bile acid salts on lipolysis catalyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase was examined by kinetic treatment using pH-stat. 1) The shift of the wavelength of maximum absorption of a dye, Rhodamin 6G, was used to determine the critical micelle concentration of seven bile salts ; sodium cholate, taurocholate, deoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate, ursodeoxycholate, glycoursodeoxycholate and tauroursodeoxycholate. No data are available on the melting point, optical rotation, critical micelle concentration, and effect on lipase activity of the last two bile salts. 2) In this experiment, available surface area of oil droplets was estimated from turbidity, which was proportional to oil-water interface area. By using this method, reproducible data were obtained. This method may enable generalization of available surface area. 3) When tributyrin emulsion was used as a substrate, at the concentration higher than 1 mM, all of these bile salts inhibited lipase activity. In the presence of bile salts, the apparent Km increased, but Vm was not affected, except for chenodeoxycholate. Among the bile salts used, taurocholate was the most and cholate was the least inhibitory at 1 mM for lipase activity, judging from the values of Vm/Km. 4) When olive oil emulsified by polyvinyl alcohol was used as a substrate, effect of bile salts on lipase differed from the use of tributyrin. In the presence of bile salts, the apparent Km and Vm increased. In the presence of 1 mM taurocholate, Vm/Km increased 2-fold of that in the absence of bile salts. As a stabilizing emulsifier, arabic gum was not favorable for estimating the effect of bile salts.
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐1 Infection by Human Conglutinin‐like Protein: <i>In vitro</i> Studies (1992)

The lectin-like protein analogous to bovine conglutinin was purified from human serum. The carbohydrate-binding ability of conglutinin-like protein was inhibited by D-mannose, N-acetylglucosamine and L-fucose as well as by mannan-containing oligosaccharides. By applying a lectin-based ELISA system it was demonstrated that conglutinin-like protein binds to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) glycoprotein 120 (gp120) via its carbohydrate binding site. In vitro experiments with T-lymphoblastoid CEM cells revealed that conglutinin-like protein abolishes infection by HIV-1; a 50% cytoprotective concentration of 23.9 micrograms/ml was measured. These findings demonstrate that human conglutinin-like protein binds to HIV-gp120 and inhibits, under the described in vitro conditions, CEM cell infection.
Ran/TC4: a small nuclear GTP-binding protein that regulates DNA synthesis. (1993)

Ran/TC4, first identified as a well-conserved gene distantly related to H-RAS, encodes a protein which has recently been shown in yeast and mammalian systems to interact with RCC1, a protein whose function is required for the normal coupling of the completion of DNA synthesis and the initiation of mitosis. Here, we present data indicating that the nuclear localization of Ran/TC4 requires the presence of RCC1. Transient expression of a Ran/TC4 protein with mutations expected to perturb GTP hydrolysis disrupts host cell DNA synthesis. These results suggest that Ran/TC4 and RCC1 are components of a GTPase switch that monitors the progress of DNA synthesis and couples the completion of DNA synthesis to the onset of mitosis.
Low expression of the β-ENaC subunit impairs lung fluid clearance in the mouse (2007)

Transepithelial alveolar sodium (Na+) transport mediated by the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) constitutes the driving force for removal of fluid from the alveolar space. To define the role of the beta-ENaC subunit in vivo in the mature lung, we studied a previously established mouse strain harboring a disruption of the beta-ENaC gene locus resulting in low levels of beta-ENaC mRNA expression. Real-time RT-PCR experiments confirmed that beta-ENaC mRNA levels were decreased by >90% in alveolar epithelial cells from homozygous mutant (m/m) mice. beta-ENaC protein was undetected in lung homogenates from m/m mice by Western blotting, but alpha- and gamma-ENaC proteins were increased by 83% and 45%, respectively, compared with wild-type (WT) mice. At baseline, Na+-driven alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) was significantly reduced by 32% in m/m mice. Amiloride at the concentration 1 mM inhibited AFC by 75% and 34% in WT and m/m mice, respectively, whereas a higher concentration (5 mM) induced a 75% inhibition of AFC in both groups. The beta2-agonist terbutaline significantly increased AFC in WT but not in m/m mice. These results show that despite the compensatory increase in alpha- and gamma-ENaC protein expression observed in mutant mouse lung, low expression of beta-ENaC results in a moderate impairment of baseline AFC and in decreased AFC sensitivity to amiloride, suggesting a possible change in the stoichiometry of ENaC channels. Finally, adequate beta-ENaC expression appears to be required for AFC stimulation by beta2-agonists.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms and their receptors Flt-1, KDR, and neuropilin-1 in synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

Angiogenesis is an indispensable process in the chronic proliferative synovitis and pannus formation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study examined the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms and VEGF receptors, Flt-1, KDR and neuropilin-1, in RA and osteoarthritis (OA) synovia, and studied the relationship between their expression and the synovial angiogenesis. By RT-PCR analysis, the isoform VEGF(121) was constitutively expressed in all the RA (17/17 patients) and OA (8/8 patients) synovia. In contrast, the expression of the isoform VEGF(165) was observed in 41% of the RA synovia (7/17 patients), but was undetectable in the OA samples (0/8 patients). The receptor Flt-1 was almost constitutively expressed in RA (15/17 patients) and OA (8/8 patients) synovia, while the expression of KDR was detected in the synovia of six RA patients (6/17 patients; 35%) but none of the OA patients (0/8 patients). The expression of neuropilin-1, an isoform-specific receptor for VEGF(165) which enhances the binding of VEGF(165) to KDR, was also up-regulated in the same RA synovia that expressed KDR. Furthermore, there was a close correlation between the expression of isoform VEGF(165) and that of its receptors KDR and neuropilin-1. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the vascular density is significantly higher in the RA synovial tissues with expression of VEGF(165), KDR, and neuropilin-1 than in those without their expression (p<0.01). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies indicated that the cells expressing VEGF are macrophage-like synovial lining cells and spindle-shaped cells in the sublining cell layer. These results suggest that the selective up-regulation of the isoform VEGF(165) and its signalling via KDR and neuropilin-1 play an important role in the synovial angiogenesis which occurs in RA.
Acrosclerosis (1951)

Physician to tde Souith Anitrim Grouip of
Acellular porcine heart matrices: whole organ decellularization with 3D-Bioscaffold & vascular preservation (2017)

Regenerative medicine, particularly decellularization-recellularization methods via whole-organ tissue engineering, has been increasingly studied due to the growing donor organ shortage. Though numerous decellularization protocols exist, the ideal decellularization protocol for optimal recellularization is unclear. This study was performed to optimize existing heart decellularization protocols and compare current methods using the detergents SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), Triton X-100, OGP (octyl β-D-glucopyranoside), and CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate) through retrograde aortic perfusion via aortic cannulation of a whole porcine heart. The goal of decellularization is to preserve extracellular matrix integrity and architecture, which was analyzed in this study through histology, microscopy, DNA analysis, hydroxyproline content analysis, materials analysis and angiography. Effective decellularization was determined by analyzing the tissue organization, geometry, and biological properties of the resultant extracellular matrix scaffold. Using these parameters, optimal decellularization was achieved between 90 and 120 mmHg pressure with 3% SDS as a detergent. <b>Relevance for patients:</b> This study provides important information about whole heart decellularization, which will ultimately contribute to heart bioengineering.