gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The reasons for looking to the Nordic nations to change children’s chances in Australia (2012)

The colony-stimulating factor, CSF-1, stimulates cultured quiescent murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) to enter DNA synthesis with a lag phase of 10-12 h. The binding, dissociation, internalization, and degradation of 125I-CSF-1 by BMM during the lag phase were investigated. Quiescent BMM express approximately 5 X 10(4) cell surface receptor sites/cell but contain additional cryptic sites (approximately 10(5)/cell) that can appear at the cell surface within 10 min at 37 degrees C. Studies of the binding reaction at both 2 degrees C (Kd less than or equal to 2 X 10(-13) M) and 37 degrees C (Kd approximately 4 X 10(-10) M) are consistent with the existence of a single class of cell surface sites. The disappearance of cell surface 125I-CSF-1 following a 2-37 degrees C temperature shift results from two, competitive, first order processes, internalization and dissociation. Internalization (t1/2 = 1.6 min) is 6 times more frequent than dissociation (t1/2 = 9.6 min). Following internalization, 10-15% of the intracellular CSF-1 is rapidly degraded whereas the remaining 85-90% is slowly degraded by a chloroquin-sensitive first order process (t1/2 greater than 3.5 h). These findings were confirmed and extended by studies of the uptake of 125I-CSF-1 at 37 degrees C. Following addition of 125I-CSF-1, cell surface receptors are rapidly down-regulated (t1/2 approximately 7 min) and their replacement does not commence until 20-60% of pre-existing surface receptor sites have disappeared. Despite receptor replacement, initially from the cryptic pool and later by de novo synthesis and/or receptor recycling (4 molecules/cell/s at steady state), the number of receptors at the cell surface remains low. The process results in the intracellular accumulation of large amounts of 125I-CSF-1 (greater than 10(5) molecules/cell) by BMM. Thus, whereas the kinetics of association, dissociation, and internalization of CSF-1 with BMM and peritoneal exudate macrophages are similar, BMM, which exhibit a higher proliferative response, degrade growth factor 12 times more slowly.
Active object: an object behavioral pattern for concurrent programming (1996)

This paper describes the Active Object pattern, which decouples method execution from method invocation in order to simplify synchronized access to an object that resides in its own thread of control. The Active Object pattern allows one or more independent threads of execution to interleave their access to data modeled as a single object. A broad class of producer/consumer and reader/writer applications are well-suited to this model of concurrency. This pattern is commonly used in distributed systems requiring multi-threaded servers. In addition, client applications, such as windowing systems and network browsers, employ active objects to simplify concurrent, asynchronous network operations.
MEMS Gyroscope Automatic Real-Time Mode-Matching Method Based on Phase-Shifted 45° Additional Force Demodulation (2018)

In order to solve the problem where existing mode-matching methods in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) vibrating gyroscopes fail to meet real-time and reliability requirements, this paper presents a novel method to accomplish automatic and real-time mode-matching based on phase-shifted 45° additional force demodulation (45° AFD-RM). The phase-shifted 45° additional force signal has the same frequency as the quadrature force signal, but it is phase-shifted by 45° and applied to the sense mode. In addition, two-way phase-shifted 45° demodulations are used at the sense-mode detection output to obtain a phase metric that is independent of the Coriolis force and can reflect the mode-matching state. Then, this phase metric is used as a control variable to adaptively control the tuning voltage, so as to change the sense-mode frequency through the negative stiffness effect and ultimately achieve real-time mode-matching. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed 45° AFD-RM method can achieve real-time matching. The mode frequency split is controlled within 0.1 Hz, and the gyroscope scale factor, zero-bias instability, and angle random walk are effectively improved.
Statin-fibrate combination therapy for hyperlipidaemia: a review (2003)

Statins and fibrates are well-established treatments for hyperlipidaemias and the prevention of vascular events. However, fibrate + statin therapy has been restricted following early reports of rhabdomyolysis that mainly involved gemfibrozil, originally with bovastatin, and recently, with cerivastatin. Despite this limitation, several reports describing combination therapy have been published. This review considers these studies and the relevant indications and contraindications. Statin + fibrate therapy should be considered if monotherapy or adding other drugs (e.g. cholesterol absorption inhibitors, omega-3 fatty acids ornicotinic acid) did not achieve lipid targets or is impractical. Combination therapy should be hospital-based and reserved for high-risk patients with a mixed hyperlipidaemia characterised by low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) >2.6 mmol/l(100 mg/dl, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) <1.0 mmol/l (40 mg/dl) and/or triglycerides> 5.6 mmol/l (500 mg/dl. These three 'goals' are individually mentioned in guidelines. Patients should have normal renal, liver and thyroid function tests and should not be receiving therapy with cyclosporine, protease inhibitors or drugs metabolised through cytochrome P450 (especially 3A4). Combination therapy is probably best conducted using drugs with short plasma half-lives; fibrates should be prescribed in the morning and statins at night to minimise peak dose interactions. Both drug classes should be progressively titated from low doses. Regular (3-monthly) monitoring of liver function and creatine kinase is required. In conclusion, fibrate + statin therapy remains an option in high-risk patents. However, long-term studies involving safety monitoring and vascular endpoints are required to demonstrate the efficacy of this regimen.
Optical Transmission Research (1966)

The availability of coherent sources producing usable amounts of power in the optical frequency range has stimulated considerable research in optical communications. Devices such as oscillators, modulators, detectors, and ancillary apparatus having desirable characteristics exist and are being used to design and build prototype terminals. Two possible media are being studied and means are being sought to improve their performance. They are 1) through-the atmosphere propagation and 2) enclosed media with appropriate focusing and directing elements. Experimental optical transmission systems can readily be assembled with information capacities in a single RF channel comparable to those of microwave radio or millimeter waveguide. Such optical systems are not yet competitive for high reliability common carrier service because 1) long-distance transmission techniques of adequate reliability have not yet been advanced, and 2) optical repeater components are not yet competitive with their lower frequency counterparts. Some features characteristic of optical transmission systems are reviewed in this paper, along with a brief indication of the state-of-the-art for major components.
Flame Retardant Properties of Laminated Bamboo Lumber Treated with Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) and Boric acid/Borax (SBX) Compounds (2017)

This study aimed to improve the flame-retardant properties of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL) using phosphorus-nitrogen-boron flame retardants (FRs). The combination of a 7:3 ratio of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and boric acid/borax compounds (SBX), and 74.32 kg/m3 of FRs (10.3% weight gain), exhibited enhanced fireproofing performance for LBL materials. A commercial flame retardant (guanylurea phosphate) (GUP) was systematically studied as a comparison. A cone calorimeter and a thermal analyzer were used to characterize the combustion behavior and thermal stability, respectively. The flame retardants morphology in bamboo cell cavities was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). The results showed that at a heat flux of 50 kW/m2, the heat release rate and the total heat release of LBL samples treated with MAP-SBX flame retardants decreased more considerably than that of the untreated samples. The use of MAP-SBX not only promoted carbonization of LBL greatly but also indicated a good performance of smoke and combustion suppression as well as for the GUP. Flame retardants were confirmed to penetrate into the cell cavities of the bamboo using SEM and EDXA.
Cellulolytic Enzymes Production<i>via</i>Solid-State Fermentation: Effect of Pretreatment Methods on Physicochemical Characteristics of Substrate (2011)

We investigated the effect of pretreatment on the physicochemical characteristics-crystallinity, bed porosity, and volumetric specific surface of soybean hulls and production of cellulolytic enzymes in solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus oryzae cultures. Mild acid and alkali and steam pretreatments significantly increased crystallinity and bed porosity without significant change inholocellulosic composition of substrate. Crystalline and porous steam-pretreated soybean hulls inoculated with T. reesei culture had 4 filter paper units (FPU)/g-ds, 0.6 IU/g-ds β-glucosidase, and 45 IU/g-ds endocellulase, whereas untreated hulls had 0.75 FPU/g-ds, 0.06 IU/g-ds β-glucosidase, and 7.29 IU/g-ds endocellulase enzyme activities. In A. oryzae steam-pretreated soybean hulls had 47.10 IU/g-ds endocellulase compared to 30.82 IU/g-ds in untreated soybean hulls. Generalized linear statistical model fitted to enzyme activity data showed that effects of physicochemical characteristics on enzymes production were both culture and enzyme specific. The paper shows a correlation between substrate physicochemical properties and enzyme production.
Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products Predicts Impaired Alveolar Fluid Clearance in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2015)

Our results indicate that sRAGE levels could be a reliable predictor of impaired AFC during ARDS, and should stimulate further studies on the pathophysiologic implications of RAGE axis in the mechanisms leading to edema resolution. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00811629).
Potentials of Blockchain Technology for Construction Management (2017)

Blockchain technology enables distributed, encrypted and secure logging of digital transactions. It is the underlying technology of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Blockchain is expected to revolutionize computing in several areas, particularly where centralization was unnatural and privacy was important. In the paper, we present research on where and how this technology could be useful in the construction industry. The work is based on the study of literature on open issues that exist in construction process management. These are than matched to the capabilities of blockchain. We are motivated by the fact that construction projects involve a dynamic grouping of several companies. We study the degree to which the relationships among them are hierarchical or peer-to-peer and note that particularly in information intensive phases, centralization of information management was necessary because of technology. When using un-constraining technology, communication patterns among participants show a peer-to-peer nature of the relationships. In such environment, blockchain can provide a trustworthy infrastructure for information management during all building life-cycle stages. Even if building information modelling (BIM) is used, which assumes a centralized building information model, there is a role for blockchain to manage information on who did what and when and thus provide a basis for any legal arguments that might occur. On the construction site blockchain can improve the reliability and trustworthiness of construction logbooks, works performed and material quantities recorded. In the facility maintenance phase, blockchain's main potential is the secure storage of sensor data which are sensitive to privacy. We conclude that blockchain provides solutions to many current problems in construction information management. However, it is more likely that it will be built into generic IT infrastructure on top of which construction applications are built, rather than used directly by authors of construction related software. It has a potential to make construction processes less centralized which opens needs for research in that direction.
β<sub>2</sub>‐Adrenoceptors and non‐β‐adrenoceptors mediate effects of BRL37344 and clenbuterol on glucose uptake in soleus muscle: studies using knockout mice (2009)

Ten nM BRL37344 and 100 nM clenbuterol have opposite effects on glucose uptake but both effects are mediated by the beta(2)-adrenoceptor - apparently an example of agonist-directed signalling. Ten pM BRL37344, 10 pM clenbuterol and 100 nM clenbuterol in the presence of ICI118551 stimulate glucose uptake via beta-adrenoceptor-independent mechanisms, demonstrating unknown properties for the agonists.
Vietnamese spam detection based on language classification (2008)

Language classification is the process of identifying the disposition of a presented text, such as classifying an email or a text document into a particular category. Classifying text can involve determining the genre of a book, categorizing a document, or in our case deciding whether an email is spam. The idea behind language classification is to teach the computer to be a filing clerk. Spam filters using a Bayesian combination of the spam probabilities of individual words that employ language classification read and filter your email by learning your personal email behavior (what you think is and isnpsilat spam). There are many spam filters written based on this technology and applied effectively for English and other languages. But they got a low effect when applied directly at Vietnamese spam. Because the token segmentation of the Bayesian filters is not suitable for Vietnamese specific characteristics. We, therefore, propose a Vietnamese segmentation for using token selection for building a Vietnamese spam filter based on language classification and Bayesian combination to sufficiently support Vietnamese. The result is very satisfactory. Thanks to this technique, our filter for Vietnamese spam is 9% more accurate when compared to other filters which use other segmentation technical.
Carrier-Mediated Photodiffusion Membranes (1977)

Reversible photochromic reactions can be coupled to carrier-mediated transport processes in membranes to bring about the separation or concentration of selected permeants. Carbon monoxide has been pumped against of fourfold concentration gradient by differentially illuminating a hemoglobin membrane. The extent of concentration of photochromic ligands increases with light intensity and is reversible. Nonphotochemically sensitive ligands can also be transported by coupling with phostosensitive carrier-mediated systems.
Reactivation of the HZSM‐5 zeolite‐based catalyst used in the MTG process (1997)

Abstract The recovery of the acidic structure and activity during the regeneration step by coke combustion of an HZSM‐5 zeolite‐based catalyst used in the methanol‐to‐gasoline (MTG) process in reaction–regeneration cycles was studied. The reactivation kinetics (activity us. coke combustion time) was determined as a function of temperature and time on stream of the reaction step. The validity of the reactivation kinetic model was proven by using it for the simulation of the cyclic operation under conditions of catalyst partial reactivation, together with the kinetic model for the MTG process.
Coherent radiation at the fundamental frequency by a Smith-Purcell free-electron laser with dielectric substrate (2017)

This letter reports an approach to realize coherent radiation at the fundamental frequency of the wave that is resonant with the electron beam in a Smith-Purcell (SP) free-electron laser (FEL). We found that a two-dimensional grating structure equipped with a dielectric substrate could provide an electromagnetic mode which shows the property of a surface wave in the vacuum region where the beam-wave interaction occurs, and operates as a radiative wave in the dielectric region. Thus, an electron beam holding medium energy resonant with the mode could radiate at the fundamental frequency, which is different from the typical Smith-Purcell free-electron laser that radiates only at harmonics of the resonant frequency.
Purely Electric-Field-Driven Perpendicular Magnetization Reversal (2014)

If achieved, magnetization reversal purely with an electric field has the potential to revolutionize the spintronic devices that currently utilize power-dissipating currents. However, all existing proposals involve the use of a magnetic field. Here we use phase-field simulations to study the piezoelectric and magnetoelectric responses in a three-dimensional multiferroic nanostructure consisting of a perpendicularly magnetized nanomagnet with an in-plane long axis and a juxtaposed ferroelectric nanoisland. For the first time, we demonstrate a full reversal of perpendicular magnetization via successive precession and damping, driven purely by a perpendicular electric-field pulse of certain pulse duration across the nanoferroelectric. We discuss the materials selection and size dependence of both nanoferroelctrics and nanomagnets for experimental verification. These results offer new inspiration to the design of spintronic devices that simultaneously possess high density, high thermal stability, and high reliability.
Selective Synthesis of Indenylruthenium(II) Vinylvinylidene Complexes <i>via</i> Unstable Allenylidene Intermediates:  Unexpected Formation of Alkenyl−Phosphonio Complexes (<i>E</i>)-[Ru{C(H)C(PPh<sub>3</sub>)R}(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>7</sub>)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>][PF<sub>6</sub>] (R = 1-Cyclohexenyl, 1-Cycloheptenyl) through Nucleophilic Addition of Triphenylphosphine on Vinylvinylidene Derivatives (1997)

The vinylvinylidene = PPh3, L2 = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe); n = 1 (2a,b), 2 (3a,b), 3 (4a,b)) have been prepared by reaction of [RuCl(η5-C9H7)L2] with 1-ethynyl-1-cycloalkanols and NaPF6 in refluxing methanol. Deprotonation of the vinylidene derivatives with Al2O3 yields the neutral enynyl 6a,b, and 7a,b). The reaction of the enynyl complex [Ru(C⋮CR)(η5-C9H7)(PPh3)2] (R = 1-cyclohexenyl; 6a) with MeOSO2CF3 produces the disubstituted vinylvinylidene derivative [Ru{CC(Me)R}(η5-C9H7)(PPh3)2][CF3SO3] (R = 1-cyclohexenyl; 8a). The crystal structure of 8a was determined by X-ray diffraction methods. In the structure the RuCC chain is nearly linear (Ru−C(1)−C(2) = 176.2(4)°) with an Ru−C(1) distance of 1.838(5) Å. The indenyl ligand is η5-bonded to the metal with the benzo ring orientated “trans” with respect to the vinylidene group. When the reaction of [RuCl(η5-C9H7)(PPh3)2] with 1-ethynylcyclohexanol or 1-ethynylcyclopentanol and NaPF6 takes place in the presence of PPh3, the alkynyl−phosphonio = 1 (11a), 2 (12a)) were obtained via nucleophilic attack of the PPh3 on Cγ of the unstable allenylidene = 1 (9a), 2 (10a)). The vinylvinylidene complexes 3a (n = 2) and 4a (n = 3) also react with PPh3, giving the alkenyl−phosphonio = 2 (13a), 3 (14a)). The structure of 13a was confirmed by X-ray diffraction methods. A possible mechanism for the formation of 13a and 14a is proposed.
Dendritic cell and T cell responses in children with food allergy (2010)

This study suggests that DCs from children with FA and EE produce more pro-inflammatory cytokines, and that their CD4(+) T cells are spontaneously activated to produce T(H) 2 cytokines in the presence of FcɛRI-bearing DCs.
Triterpenes from Brazilian Medicinal Plant “Chuchuhuasi” (<i>Maytenus krukovii</i>) (1996)

The isolation and structure elucidation of five novel triterpenes (1−5) from a South American medicinal plant “chuchuhuasi” (Maytenus krukovii) are described. The structures of these oleanane and ursane triterpenes, each containing an α,β-unsaturated ketone in the C ring, were elucidated by interpretation of their spectral data.
Twelve-channel parallel optical fiber transmission using a low-drive-current 1.3-µm LED array and a PIN PD array (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. KAEDE, T. UJI, T. SUZAKI, T. TORIKAI, J. HAYASHI, I. WATANABE, H. HONMOU, M. SHIKADA, and M. ITOH, "Twelve-channel parallel optical fiber transmission using a low-drive-current 1.3-µm LED array and a PIN PD array," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Vol. 5 of 1989 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1989), paper TUD3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Photo-oxidative Stress Down-modulates the Activity of Nuclear Factor-κB via Involvement of Caspase-1, Leading to Apoptosis of Photoreceptor Cells (1999)

The mechanisms of photoreceptor cell death via apoptosis, in retinal dystrophies, are largely not understood. In the present report we show that visible light exposure of mouse cultured 661W photoreceptor cells at 4.5 milliwatt/cm2 caused a significant increase in oxidative damage of 661W cells, leading to apoptosis of these cells. These cells show constitutive expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and light exposure of photoreceptor cells results in lowering of NF-kappaB levels in both the nuclear and cytosolic fractions in a time-dependent manner. Immunoblot analysis of IkappaBalpha and p50, and p65 (RelA) subunits of NF-kappaB, suggested that photo-oxidative stress results in their depletion. Immunocytochemical studies using antibody to RelA subunit of NF-kappaB further revealed the presence of this subunit constitutively both in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the 661W cells. Upon exposure to photo-oxidative stress, a depletion of the cytoplasmic and nuclear RelA subunit was observed. The depletion of NF-kappaB appears to be mediated through involvement of caspase-1. Furthermore, transfection of these cells with a dominant negative mutant IkappaBalpha greatly enhanced the kinetics of down modulation of NF-kappaB, resulting in a faster photo-oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these studies show that the presence of NF-kappaB RelA subunit in the nucleus is essential for protection of photoreceptor cells against apoptosis mediated by an oxidative pathway.
Phase I study of tremelimumab (CP-675 206) plus PF-3512676 (CPG 7909) in patients with melanoma or advanced solid tumours (2013)

Weekly PF-3512676 (≤0.15 mg kg(-1)) plus tremelimumab (≤10 mg kg(-1) every 12 weeks) was tolerable.
Miniaturization of Frit Inlet Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (2004)

A miniaturized frit inlet asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (mFI-AFlFFF) channel has been constructed and tested for the separation of proteins. By scaling down the geometrical channel dimension of a conventional FI-AFlFFF system, flow rate ranges that can be manipulated were decreased to 20-30 microL/min, which reduces the injection amount of sample materials. The end effect contribution to plate height was evaluated by varying the inner diameter of the connection tubing between the injector and the channel inlet at various injection flow rates, and the results showed that the use of silica capillary tubing of the shortest possible distance is essential in reducing the initial band broadening prior to the sample injection to the microscale channel. The capability of the microFI-AFlFFF system was demonstrated with the separation of protein standards, polystyrenesulfonates, and ssDNA strains and for the characterization of replication protein A-ssDNA binding complex regulated by redox status.