gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calculation of Residual Stresses in Glass (1969)

Lee, Rogers, and Woo presented a theory for calculating the stresses produced in glass by tempering. Unlike earlier treatments, theirs takes account of the viscoelastic properties of glass. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate this theory by comparison with experimental data. Discrepancies were found to exist between calculated and observed stress distributions. For cases in which glass is quenched from initial temperatures well above the strain point, these discrepancies result from the numerical formulation of the theory, not from any shortcomings of the theory itself. A modification of this formulation brought calculated and observed stresses into good agreement. For quenching from lower initial temperatures , the present theory could not be brought into agreement with experimental data. The reasons for this are briefly considered in the context of the structural heterogeneity of tempered glass and its possible effects on residual stresses.
Secure Business Processes in Service-Oriented Architectures -- A Requirements Analysis (2010)

Business-process-management systems are increasingly used in service-oriented architectures (SOA), coordinating activities of loosely coupled information systems, of web services, and of human actors. This often requires exchanging and processing sensitive, personally-identifiable information, e.g., in e-employability and e-health applications. Supporting security in such a service-oriented environment is challenging. Existing approaches focus on security in service-oriented architectures but neglect business-process specific characteristics. Motivated by a real-world business process from the e-employability domain, in this paper we collect security requirements, exploiting the specific properties and semantics of business processes. We evaluate the requirements with respect to the state of the art of suitable security mechanisms and identify possible solutions as well as remaining gaps. We see this article as an important prerequisite for the design and implementation of advanced security mechanisms for business processes.
Structural testing of rule-based expert systems (1992)

Testing of rule-based expert systems has become a high priority for many organizations as the use of such systems proliferates. Traditional software teting techniques apply to some components of rule-based systems, e.g., the inference engine. However, to structurally test the rule base component requires new techniques or adaptations of existing ones. This paper describes one such adaptation: an extension of data flow path selection in which a graphical representation of a rule base is defined and evaluated. This graphical form, called a logical path graph, captures logical paths through a rule base. These logical paths create precisely the abstractions needed in the testing process. An algorithm for the construction of logical path graphs are analyzed.
Scholarships are Available (2017)

If you are planning to come to Iowa State, or if you are already enrolled, there may be a scholarship waiting for you.
Human heart motion analysis through normal flow methods [SPECT image analysis] (2005)

Describes a normal direction-based method to track heart motion. First, the space between two slices is interpolated to reconstruct the local region. Then the method expands the 3-dimensional surface to a frame, and attributes each cell of the frame with its normal vector. Through changing the parameter of the attribute, it generates angle maps and applies modified optical flow method to the angle maps to estimate the 2-dimensional motion vector field of the deformable surface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving system performance of ad hoc wireless network with directional antenna (2004)

It has been shown that use of directional antenna in the context of ad hoc wireless networks can largely reduce radio interference, thereby improving the utilization of wireless medium. However, that alone does not always guarantee improvement in overall system performance. In this paper, we have identified several criteria and investigated their interrelationships and impact on overall system performance in this context. Our methodology uses optimisation techniques using multicriteria decision analysis. We use analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to identify relative weights of different criteria under different application-specific scenario in order to solve the optimisation problem for each scenario by TOPSIS approach. The result shows that the parameter setting required to get optimum performance is application-specific; depending on the situation or application-scenario, several parameters need to be controlled to get better system performance.
Dielectric measurements of glasses by 21 GHz during the annealing (1992)

A dielectric measurement instrument at 21 GHz was arranged for investigation of the influences of the structure relaxation on the dielectric properties of glasses. Some phosphate crown and fluorine crown glasses are measured. The time-dependent change of dielectric constant was observed during annealing. A double potential model is used to interpret this effect. >
Colony growth in agar by human melanoma cells. (1981)

Colony-forming capacity of human melanoma cells was investigated in five established cell lines and isolated cells from seven metastatic or recurrent tumors. A single-cell suspension was added to 0.3% agar medium, and colonies were observed over 7 to 21 days. With the five cell lines, colony formation occurred in all cases and was usually accelerated by 2-mercaptoethanol, but there was wide variation in cloning efficiency between the cell lines (5 to 80%), in the appearance of the colonies, and in their recloning capacity. In those cell lines with low cloning efficiency, some colonies grew attached to the culture dishes, and these had a high recloning capacity. In the melanotic cell lines, colonies originated from slightly or nonpigmented cells which became more pigmented during incubation. Stimulation of colony growth by 2-mercaptoethanol led to reduced pigmentation of colonies, whereas theophylline caused increased melanin production and decreased colony size. With freshly obtained tumor specimens, both the frequency of colonies (0.01 to 0.26%) and the growth rate were much reduced compared to the cell lines. Both could be increased by addition of 2-mercaptoethanol to the medium or by separation of the tumor cell suspension on a density gradient before culture.
Analytical Raman spectroscopy (1991)

Modern Raman Instrumentation and Techniques Experimental Considerations for Accurate Polarization Measurements Raman Spectroscopy of Inorganic Species in Solution Quantitative Analysis by Raman Spectroscopy Characterization of Semiconductors by Raman Spectroscopy Raman Spectra of Synthetic Organic Polymers Anisotropic Scattering Properties of Uniaxially Oriented Polymers: Raman Studies Organic and Petrochemical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy Raman Spectroscopy in Heterogeneous Catalysts Raman Spectroscopy for Biological Applications Chemical Applications of Gas-Phase Raman Spectroscopy.
Statistical Disk Cluster Classification for File Carving (2007)

File carving is the process of recovering files from a disk without the help of a file system. In forensics, it is a helpful tool in finding hidden or recently removed disk content. Known signatures in file headers and footers are especially useful in carving such files out, that is, from header until footer. However, this approach assumes that file clusters remain in order. In case of file fragmentation, file clusters can be disconnected and the order can even be disrupted such that straighforward carving will fail. In this paper, we focus on methods for classifying clusters into file types by using the statistics of the clusters. By not exploiting the possible embedded signatures, we generate evidence from a different source that can be integrated later on. We propose a set of characteristic features and use statistical pattern recognition to learn a supervised classification model for a range of relevant file types. We exploit the statistics of a restricted number of neighboring clusters (context) to improve classification performance. In the experiments we show that the proposed features indeed enable the differentation of clusters into file types. Moreover, for some file types the incorporation of cluster context improves the recognition performance significantly.
A New Class of Polyethers-Poly(1,4-Dichloro-2,3-Epoxybutane)s - Synthesis, Mechanism and Property Aspects (1976)

Article A New Class of Polyethers-Poly(1,4-Dichloro-2,3-Epoxybutane)s - Synthesis, Mechanism and Property Aspects was published on January 1, 1976 in the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry (volume 48, issue 3).
Polymorphisms of the neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes and the risk of cutaneous melanoma (2007)

Genetic variants of nNOS, but not iNOS, may be biomarkers for susceptibility to CM, and the risk of CM associated with sunburns and moles may be modulated by nNOS variant genotypes.
A Pressure Responsive Fluidic Microstrip Open Stub Resonator Using a Liquid Metal Alloy (2012)

This letter describes a fluidic microstrip bandstop filter with transmission properties that change in discrete states. The filter consists of a liquid metal alloy - eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) - as the conductive component in microfluidic channels. The fluidity of EGaIn allows the open stub resonator of the filter to change its length by flowing in response to an applied pressure. A series of posts in the channel defines the length of the stub filled by the metal and dictates the pressure needed for the liquid metal to flow and thereby extend the stub length. The frequency response of the filter changes in response to the changes in the length of the resonator stub. This approach is a simple method for creating tunable filters and impedance matching sections using soft materials that change dimensions in response to pressure.
Differential effects of prostaglandin synthetase stimulators on inhibition of cyclooxygenase (1978)

The different effects of prostaglandin synthetase stimulators on inhibition of the cyclooxygenase by structurally distinct classes of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents suggest that the enzyme is altered by interaction with these stimulators. Reversible stimulation of prostaglandin synthetase activity by phenols and some other compounds and the relative influence of these stimulators on inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase were determined quantitatively. Two distinct classes of inhibitors were established. The fenamates were relatively weak inhibitors alone but were much more potent in the presence of phenolic compounds. In contrast, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and flurbiprofen were more potent than the fenamates and were reduced in effectiveness by the stimulators, as expected on the basis of two opposing actions. The relative potency of the cyclooxygenase stimulators (phenol greater than norepinephrine greater than tryptophan greater than benzoquinone greater than anisole) paralleled their synergistic action on the fenamates and their antagonist action on the nonfenamates. This correlation suggests that an enzyme alteration which leads to cyclooxygenase stimulation may also result in increased sensitivity to fenamates and decreased sensitivity to the other inhibitors, possibly by altering their capacity to bind.
Improving Composite Resin Performance Through Decreasing its Viscosity by Different Methods (2015)

The aim of this work was to present the different current methods of decreasing viscosity of resin composite materials such as (using flowable composites, lowering the viscosity of the monomer mixture, heating composites and applying sonic vibration) and furnish dentists with a basis that can provide criteria for choosing one or another to suit their therapeutic requirements. The four discussed methods proved that lowering composite viscosity improves its handling and facilitates its application to cavities with complicated forms, decreasing time for procedure and improving marginal adaptation. Other properties improved by decreasing composite resin viscosity were controversial between the four methods and affected by other factors such as composite brand and light cure unit.
Nanoscale focused ion beam from laser-cooled lithium atoms (2011)

We demonstrate a new type of nanoscale focused ion beam (FIB) based on photoionizing laser-cooled atoms held at millikelvin temperatures in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). This new source expands the range of available ionic species and accessible ion beam energies for FIBs, enhancing their role as one of the most important tools for nanoscale characterization and fabrication. We show examples of microscopy with lithium ions obtained by scanning the FIB and collecting the resulting secondary electrons, and characterize the beam focus by a 25–75% rise distance measurement of (26.7 ± 1.0) nm at a beam energy of 2 keV. We also examine the dependence of the focal size on MOT temperature and beam energy.
Computational predictors fail to identify amino acid substitution effects at rheostat positions (2017)

Many computational approaches exist for predicting the effects of amino acid substitutions. Here, we considered whether the protein sequence position class - rheostat or toggle - affects these predictions. The classes are defined as follows: experimentally evaluated effects of amino acid substitutions at toggle positions are binary, while rheostat positions show progressive changes. For substitutions in the LacI protein, all evaluated methods failed two key expectations: toggle neutrals were incorrectly predicted as more non-neutral than rheostat non-neutrals, while toggle and rheostat neutrals were incorrectly predicted to be different. However, toggle non-neutrals were distinct from rheostat neutrals. Since many toggle positions are conserved, and most rheostats are not, predictors appear to annotate position conservation better than mutational effect. This finding can explain the well-known observation that predictors assign disproportionate weight to conservation, as well as the field's inability to improve predictor performance. Thus, building reliable predictors requires distinguishing between rheostat and toggle positions.
Intracellular generation of superoxide as a by-product of Vibrio harveyi luciferase expressed in Escherichia coli (1994)

Luciferase genes are widely used as reporters of gene expression because of the high sensitivity of chemiluminescence detection and the possibility of monitoring light production in intact cells. We engineered fusions of the Escherichia coli soxS promoter to the luciferase structural genes (luxAB) from Vibrio harveyi. Since soxS transcription is positively triggered by the activated SoxR protein in response to agents such as paraquat that generate intracellular superoxide, we hoped to use this construct as a sensitive reporter of redox stress agents. Although a soxR+ soxS'::luxAB fusion exhibited a paraquat-inducible synthesis of luciferase, a smaller increase was consistently observed even in the absence of known soxRS inducers. This endogenous induction was soxR dependent and was further characterized by introducing a plasmid carrying the luciferase structural genes without the soxS promoter into a strain carrying a soxS'::lacZ fusion in the bacterial chromosome. These cells exhibited increased beta-galactosidase expression as they grew into mid-log phase. This increase was ascribed to luciferase activity because beta-galactosidase induction was suppressed (but not eliminated) when the substrate n-decanal was present in the medium. The soxS'::luxAB plasmid transformed superoxide dismutase-deficient strains very poorly under aerobic conditions but just as efficiently as a control plasmid under anaerobic conditions. The production of hydrogen peroxide, the dismutation product of superoxide anion, was significantly increased in strains carrying bacterial luciferase and maximal in the absence of n-decanal. Taken collectively, these data point to the generation of significant amounts of intracellular superoxide by bacterial luciferase, the possible mechanism of which is discussed. In addition to providing insights into the role of superoxide in the activation of the SoxR protein, these results suggest caution in the interpretation of experiments using luciferase as a reporter of gene expression.
Synergistic effect of resveratrol and quercetin released from drug‐eluting polymer coatings for endovascular devices (2011)

This study describes the development and evaluation of novel polymer films that provide controlled release of two vascular-protective polyphenols for endovascular devices. Resveratrol (RESV) and quercetin (QUER) have antimigratory and antiproliferative actions on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), inhibit both platelet and inflammatory cell activation, and promote endothelial cell function. Our aim is to develop and characterize coatings that release these drugs within a therapeutic range. The most synergistic drug combination, as determined by isobolographic analysis, was incorporated into an arborescent poly(styrene-isobutylene-styrene) tri-block polymer (arbIBS) and applied to stainless steel coupons using an electrospray process. Physical characterization of the resulting coating revealed a film featuring micro-scale architecture consisting of drug-containing domains. To determine drug-mediated effects, vascular cells were exposed to coatings incorporating several loadings of RESV and QUER. Results from this study indicate that arbIBS exhibits no cytotoxicity, and that the films release RESV and QUER at therapeutic levels, dose-dependently inhibiting macrophage activation, VSMC proliferation, and platelet stimulation. We conclude that RESV and QUER released from arbIBS interfere with key processes responsible for in-stent stenosis, suggesting that RESV and QUER may have utility as therapeutics in a novel coating for device-based interventions.
Ring Contraction of 5-Oxo-4-phenyl-5, 6-dihydro-4H-1, 3, 4-thiadiazine with Sodium Methoxide (1991)

The reaction of 5-oxo-4-phenyl-5, 6-dihydro-4H-1, 3, 4-thiadiazine (1a) with sodium methoxide in methanol at 35°C was found to give 2-anilino-4-oxo-1, 3-thiazoline (2a) in a quantitative yield via cleavage of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond. The mechanisms of formation of 2 were discussed by a few kinetic studies using 4-p-substituted phenyl-5-oxo-5, 6-dihydro-4H-1, 3, 4-thiadiazine (1b, c), and related reaction of 5-oxo-4-phenyl-4, 5-dihydro-4H-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole (3), 5-oxo-2, 4-diphenyl-5, 6-dihydro-4H-1, 3, 4-thiadiazine (4) and 5-oxo-2, 4-diphenyl-4, 5-dihydro-4H-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole (5).
10 Gb/s wavelength conversion with integrated multiquantum-well-based 3-port Mach-Zehnder interferometer (1996)

All-optical wavelength conversion of 10 Gb/s data with simultaneous regeneration of the extinction ratio is achieved by means of a monolithic 3-port Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The reported devices are based on an all active multiquantum-well waveguide structure with optical amplifiers in the input/output gates. Wavelength conversion is realized by optical cross-phase modulation in a counter propagative operation mode without applying an optical filter. The 3-port Mach-Zehnder interferometer can provide either inversion or noninversion of wavelength converted 10 Gb/s data.
C-QWIP material design and growth (2007)

Recently, large format and high quantum efficiency corrugated quantum well infrared photodetector (C-QWIP) FPAs have been demonstrated. Since the detector light coupling scheme does not alter the intrinsic absorption spectrum of the material, the QWIPs can now be designed with different bandwidths and lineshapes to suit various applications. Meanwhile, the internal optical field distribution of the C-QWIPs is different from that of a grating coupled detector, the material structure thus should be designed and optimized differently with respect to quantum efficiency, conversion efficiency and operating temperature. In this paper, we will provide a framework for the material design. Specifically, we will present a theoretical detector performance model and discuss two specific examples, namely with 9.2 and 10.2 μm cutoff wavelengths. We found that for both λ<sub>c</sub>, the photocurrent to dark current ratio is maximized at an electron doping density N<sub>D</sub> of 0.28 × 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. The dark current limited detectivity meanwhile reaches a maximum at a higher N<sub>D</sub> of 0.45 × 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. But the lowest noise equivalent noise temperature difference is actually obtained at an even higher N<sub>D</sub> of 1.0 × 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> due to the larger quantum efficiency, if there are no limitations on the readout charge capacity. These predictions are compared with the data of a 1024 × 1024 C-QWIP FPA hybridized to a fan-out circuit, and the results are consistent.
Synthesis of rac-hippospongic acid A and revision of the structure (1999)

rac-Hippospongic acid A of the reported structure 1 and the revised structure 2 were synthesized. The synthetic strategy of these compounds consists of homologation of (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeraniol and (2E,6E)-farnesol, respectively, Wadsworth–Emmons reaction, and cyclization to form the tetrahydropyran ring bearing an α-methylene group on the carboxylic moiety. Spectral comparisons of the synthetic compounds 1, 2 and the natural product suggested that hippospongic acid A bears the structure of 2.
Detection of Norwalk virus antibodies and antigen with a biotin-avidin immunoassay (1985)

Biotin-avidin immunoassays (BAIs) were developed to detect Norwalk virus antigen and to measure Norwalk virus antibody. The BAI detected Norwalk virus infections by a fourfold titer rise in antibody in sera or by antigen in stool, with a sensitivity similar to or greater than that of the radioimmunoassay (RIA), and the BAI appeared to be more sensitive than the RIA for detecting antibody in single serum specimens. The BAI antigen test detected Norwalk antigen in all stools that were positive by the RIA, and in two stools negative by the RIA. Of 106 serum pairs tested by both the RIA and BAI, 94 demonstrated seroconversion, or lack of seroconversion, in both assays; 12 gave discordant results. Titers by the BAI generally exceeded those by the RIA by two- or fourfold. The BAI had advantages over the RIA in that it had added sensitivity in the detection of Norwalk antibody, was less time consuming, did not require frequent labeling of antibody, and did not have the problems associated with the use of isotopes.
Histopathological examination of concept of left hemiblock. (1972)

This paper is concerned with a histological study of the left bundle-branch system in 20 hearts from patients without conduction defects and in Io heartsfrom patients with left anterior fascicu- lar block.
Controlled waveforms on the single-cycle scale from a femtosecond oscillator (2008)

We present an octave-spanning Ti:sapphire oscillator supporting Fourier-limited pulses as short as 3.7 fs. This laser system can be directly CEO-phase stabilized delivering an average output power of about 90 mW with a pulse duration of 4.4 fs. The phase-stabilization is realized without additional spectral broadening using an f-2f interferometer approach allowing for full control of the electric pulse field on a sub-femtosecond time-scale.