gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pore geometric modeling for petrophysical interpretation of downhole formation evaluation data (2007)

An accurate description of water‐ or oil‐bearing reservoirs strongly depends on a robust determination of their petrophysical parameters, e.g., porosity, permeability and fluid distribution. Downhole logging measurements are the primary means to formation evaluation; however, they do not directly provide the petrophysical properties of interest. To interpret well logging data, a range of empirical models are usually employed. These empirical relationships, however, lack scientific basis and usually represent generalizations of the observed trends. Since macroscopic rock properties vary depending on their microstructure, we suggest using a pore‐scale approach to establish links between various petrophysical properties of sedimentary rocks. We outline a method for computing formation permeability using the proposed rock models. The method utilizes NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) logging data for the information about porosity and grain size. We also present an approach for prediction of acoustic velocities of model rocks. The proposed methodology is applied to the field data, and the corresponding interpretation results are included in this paper.
Towards Measuring the Effectiveness of Telephony Blacklists (2018)

The convergence of telephony with the Internet has led to numerous new attacks that make use of phone calls to defraud victims. In response to the increasing number of unwanted or fraudulent phone calls, a number of call blocking applications have appeared on smartphone app stores, including a recent update to the default Android phone app that alerts users of suspected spam calls. However, little is known about the methods used by these apps to identify malicious numbers, and how effective these methods are in practice.
Darstellung und Reaktionen <i>N</i>‐silylierter En‐diamine, II [2 + 2]‐Cycloadditionen: Synthese von 1,4‐Diamino‐1,3‐butadien‐2,3‐dicarbonsäure‐Derivaten (1987)

Abstract Aus 1,4‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienen 1 , Alkalimetall und entsprechenden Chlorsilanen sind 1,3‐Diaza‐2‐sila‐4‐cyclopentene 2 , offenkettige Analoga 3 , aber auch ein Spiro‐bis(en‐diamin) 4 zugänglich. 2 enthält eine reaktive, elektronenreiche CC‐Doppelbindung, die rasch Tetracyanethen addiert. Endprodukt ist das metathetische Diolefin 6 mit zwei (Aminomethylen)malononitril‐Funktionen. Acetylendicarbonsäureester ergeben zunächst einen [3.2.0]‐Bicyclus 9 , der thermisch leicht zum entsprechenden Diazasilacycloheptadien 10 umlagert. Solvolyse der N–Si‐Bindungen führt zu 1,4‐Diamino‐1,3‐butadien‐2,3‐dicarbonsäureestern 12 in verschiedenen E/Z ‐Konfigurationen, die eine langsame Äquilibrierung zeigen. Die Solvolyse kann nach der Spaltung einer N–Si‐Bindung angehalten werden ( 13 ) oder mit Säure unter Eliminierung von Amin zum 3,4‐Pyrroldicarbonsäureester 14 gelenkt werden. Basisch wird schneller vollständig verseift und ergibt je nach Bedingungen partielle Lactambildung oder Salze der Bis(alkylamino)butadiendicarbonsäure ( 15, 16 ).
Modulation of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome bc<sub>1</sub> Complex Activity by Chromanols and Related Compounds (2009)

Tocopherols (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-Toc) and tocopheryl quinones (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-TQ) were recently suggested to modulate mitochondrial electron transfer in mammals. Intriguingly, Tocs and stigmatellin, a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial cytochrome (cyt) bc(1) complex, possess a common structural feature: the chroman core. Therefore, we studied the interference of Tocs as well as synthetic model compounds (low molecular weight TQ analogues and tetramethyl chromanones) at the mitochondrial cyt bc(1) complex. Enzymatic experiments revealed that besides the inhibitor stigmatellin, among natural vitamin E-related derivatives, gamma-TQ/delta-TQ and, among synthetic compounds, TMC2O (6-hydroxy-4,4,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-2-one) were most effective in decreasing the cyt bc(1) activities. Stopped-flow photometric and low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic experiments showed for TMC2O an inhibition of electron transfer to cyt c(1) and a modulation of the environment of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP). Docking experiments suggest a binding interaction of the 6-OH group and 1-O atom/2-C( horizontal lineO) group of TMC2O with Glu-271 (cyt b) and His-161 (ISP) in the cyt bc(1) complex, respectively. This binding pose is similar but not identical to the potent inhibitor stigmatellin. The data suggest that chroman-2-ones are possible templates for modulatory molecules for the cyt bc(1) target.
A Mathematical Model of Extracorporeal Antibody Removal in Autoimmune Disease (1989)

A mathematical model of T-B cell cooperation is adopted to describe autotolerance and autoimmunity. The model describes the development of plasma cells and T-helper cells from their precursors through activated and proliferating cells. A state of autotolerance is simulated by reducing the rate of T precursors supply (partial clonal deletion theory), while the normal rate yields a stable state of autoimmunity. During the state of autoimmunity extra-corporeal removal of autoantibody and immunosuppression are simulated. Removal of auto-antibody alone results in stimulation of the immune system and quick return to the previous state, mainly on account of activation of memory cells. Antibody overshooting is negligible. Immunosuppression leads to a slow decline in the antibody level. Synergy is clearly demonstrated between both therapies.
Relations Between Gabor Transforms and Fractional Fourier Transforms and Their Applications for Signal Processing (2007)

Many useful relations between the Gabor transform (GT) and the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) have been derived. First, we find that, like the Wigner distribution function (WDF), the FRFT is also equivalent to the rotation operation of the GT. Then, we show that performing the scaled inverse Fourier transform (IFT) along an oblique line of the GT of f(t) can yield its FRFT. Since the GT is closely related to the FRFT, we can use it for analyzing the characteristics of the FRFT. Compared with the WDF, the GT does not have the cross-term problem. This advantage is important for the applications of filter design, sampling, and multiplexing in the FRFT domain. Moreover, we find that if the GT is combined with the WDF, the resultant operation [called the Gabor-Wigner transform (GWT)] also has rotation relation with the FRFT. We also derive the general form of the linear distribution that has rotation relation with the FRFT.
A Maneuvering Flight Noise Model for Helicopter Mission Planning (2015)

A new model for estimating the noise radiation during maneuvering flight is developed in this paper. The model applies the Quasi-Static Acoustic Mapping (Q-SAM) method to a database of acoustic spheres generated using the Fundamental Rotorcraft Acoustics Modeling from Experiments (FRAME) technique. A method is developed to generate a realistic flight trajectory from a limited set of waypoints and is used to calculate the quasi-static operating condition and corresponding acoustic sphere for the vehicle throughout the maneuver. By using a previously computed database of acoustic spheres, the acoustic impact of proposed helicopter operations can be rapidly predicted for use in mission-planning. The resulting FRAME-QS model is applied to near-horizon noise measurements collected for the Bell 430 helicopter undergoing transient pitch up and roll maneuvers, with good agreement between the measured data and the FRAME-QS model.
Heterologous C-terminal sequences disrupt transcriptional activation and oncogenesis by p59v-rel (1993)

Members of the NF-kappa B/rel family of transcription factors are regulated through a trans association with members of a family of inhibitor proteins, collectively known as I kappa B proteins, that contain five to eight copies of a 33-amino-acid repeat sequence (ankyrin repeat). Certain NF-kappa B/rel proteins are also regulated by cis-acting ankyrin repeat-containing domains. The C terminus of p105NF-kappa B, the precursor of the 50-kDa subunit of NF-kappa B, contains a series of ankyrin repeats; proteolytic removal of this ankyrin domain is necessary for the manifestation of sequence-specific DNA binding and nuclear translocation of the N-terminal product. To investigate the structural requirements important for regulation of different NF-kappa B/rel family members by polypeptides containing ankyrin repeat domains, we have constructed a p59v-rel:p105NF-kappa B chimeric protein (p110v-rel-ank). The presence of C-terminal p105NF-kappa B-derived sequences in p110v-rel-ank inhibited nuclear translocation, sequence-specific DNA binding, pp40I kappa B-alpha association, and oncogenic transformation. Sequential truncation of the C-terminal ankyrin domain of p110v-rel-ank resulted in the restoration of nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and pp40I kappa B-alpha association but did not restore the oncogenic properties of p59v-rel. The presence of 67 C-terminal p105NF-kappa B-derived amino acids was sufficient to inhibit both transcriptional activation and oncogenic transformation by p59v-rel. These results support a model in which activation of gene expression by p59v-rel is required for its ability to induce oncogenic transformation.
Growth and feed utilization efficiencies of seawater Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fed a diet containing supplementary enzymes (1994)

Abstract. Supplementary enzymes were added to a diet in order to increase its digestibility and improve the growth achieved by seawater Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. The supplementary enzymes were selected to hydrolyse proteins and carbohydrates. Three diets, with fishmeal as the only source of protein (C1), with fishmeal and soybean meal (C2) and diet C2 with supplementary enzymes (C3) were fed to seawater salmon (100g) for 12 weeks at nominal tank rations equivalent to 2·5% body weight per day. Consumption rates of individual fish were measured by radiography. The salmon fed C3 had higher rates of food consumption, significantly higher final weights and rates of growth and lower food conversion efficiencies and maintenance ration than those fed C2. Salmon fed C1 had similar food conversion efficiencies to the C3 fed fish. These results indicate that the addition of supplementary enzymes to diets containing soybean meal improves the growth and food conversion efficiency of salmon.
Prediction of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction by magnetic resonance imaging within 6 hours of symptom onset: A prospective multicenter observational study (2010)

Stroke MRI on admission predicts malignant course in severe MCA stroke with high positive and negative predictive value and may help in guiding treatment decisions, such as decompressive surgery. In a subset of patients with small initial DWI lesion volumes, repeated diagnostic tests are required.
Conformational Changes of Channelrhodopsin-2 (2009)

Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is a member of the new class of light-gated ion channels which serve as phototaxis receptors in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The protein is employed in optogenetics where neural circuits are optically stimulated under high spatiotemporal control. Despite its rapidly growing use in physiological experiments, the reaction mechanism of ChR2 is poorly understood. Here, we applied vibrational spectroscopy to trace structural changes of ChR2 after light-excitation of the retinal chromophore. FT-IR difference spectra of the various photocycle intermediates revealed that stages of the photoreaction preceding (P(1) state) and succeeding (P(4)) the conductive state of the channel (P(3)) are associated with large conformational changes of the protein backbone as indicate by strong differences in the amide I bands. Critical hydrogen-bonding changes of protonated carboxylic amino acid side chains (D156, E90) were detected and discussed with regard to the functional mechanism. We used the C128T mutant where the lifetime of P(3) is prolonged and applied FT-IR and resonance Raman spectroscopy to study the conductive P(3) state of ChR2. Finally, a mechanistic model is proposed that links the observed structural changes of ChR2 to the changes in the channel's conductance.
[Specifics of anesthesia in extensive liver resection]. (2004)

There were analyzed the results of anesthesiological securing while performance of extensive hepatic resection in 46 patients (extended rite-sided--in 21, left-sided--in 22, mesohepatectomy--in 3) with preservation of 20-40% of the organ volume, including preoperative preparation, analgesia and intensive therapy after the operation. Combined epidural anesthesy is the method of choice in extensive hepatic resection, she promotes the pharmacological loud reduction with narcotic analgetics and myorelaxants, earlier extubation and activisation of patients after the operation. Its combination with isofluran, circulating in closed contour, is perspective.
Diffraction and coherence in breast ultrasound tomography: A study with a toroidal array (2009)

Ultrasound is commonly used as an adjunct to mammography for diagnostic evaluation of suspicions arising from breast cancer screening. As an alternative to conventional sonography that uses hand-held transducers, toroidal array probes that encircle the breast immersed in a water bath have been investigated for ultrasound tomography. In this paper, two sets of experiments performed with a prototype ultrasound scanner on a phantom and a human breast in vivo are used to investigate the effects of diffraction and coherence in ultrasound tomography. Reconstructions obtained with transmission diffraction tomography (TDT) are compared with conventional reflection imaging and computerized ultrasound tomography showing a substantial improvement. The in vivo tests demonstrate that TDT can image the complex boundary of a cancer mass and suggest that it can reveal the anatomy of milk ducts and Cooper's ligaments.
Synthesis of a Pyrazole Isostere of Pyrroles Formed by the Reaction of the .epsilon.-Amino Groups of Protein Lysyl Residues with Levuglandin E2 (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of a Pyrazole Isostere of Pyrroles Formed by the Reaction of the .epsilon.-Amino Groups of Protein Lysyl Residues with Levuglandin E2Michael E. Kobierski, Seokchan Kim, Krishna K. Murthi, Rajkumar S. Iyer, and Robert G. SalomonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 20, 6044–6050Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00099a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00099a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Sex steroids, bone mass, and bone loss. A prospective study of pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women. (1996)

Although bone loss around the time of menopause is driven by estrogen deficiency, the roles of estrogens and androgens in the preservation of skeletal mass at other stages of life are less well understood. To address this issue we studied 231 women between the ages of 32 and 77 with multiple measurements of sex steroids and bone mass over a period of 2-8 yr. In all women bone mass was negatively associated with concentrations of sex-hormone binding globulin, and positively associated with weight. Bone loss occurred from all skeletal sites in peri- and postmenopausal women, but premenopausal women lost bone only from the hip (-0.3%/yr) and had positive rates of change in the radius and spine. Bone loss was significantly associated with lower androgen concentrations in premenopausal women, and with lower estrogens and androgens in peri- and postmenopausal women. Sex steroids are important for the maintenance of skeletal integrity before menopause, and for as long as 20-25 yr afterwards.
The NF-κB regulator MALT1 determines the encephalitogenic potential of Th17 cells (2012)

Effector functions of inflammatory IL-17-producing Th (Th17) cells have been linked to autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, what determines Th17 cell encephalitogenicity is still unresolved. Here, we show that after EAE induction, mice deficient for the NF-κB regulator MALT1 (Malt1-/- mice) exhibit strong lymphocytic infiltration in the CNS, but do not develop any clinical signs of EAE. Loss of Malt1 interfered with expression of the Th17 effector cytokines IL-17 and GM-CSF both in vitro and in vivo. In line with their impaired GM-CSF secretion, Malt1-/- Th cells failed to recruit myeloid cells to the CNS to sustain neuroinflammation, whereas autoreactive WT Th cells successfully induced EAE in Malt1-/- hosts. In contrast, Malt1 deficiency did not affect Th1 cells. Despite their significantly decreased secretion of Th17 effector cytokines, Malt1-/- Th17 cells showed normal expression of lineage-specific transcription factors. Malt1-/- Th cells failed to cleave RelB, a suppressor of canonical NF-κB, and exhibited altered cellular localization of this protein. Our results indicate that MALT1 is a central, cell-intrinsic factor that determines the encephalitogenic potential of inflammatory Th17 cells in vivo.
Normal Values for Microperimetry with the MAIA Microperimeter: Sensitivity and Fixation Analysis in Healthy Adults and Children (2017)

Retinal sensitivity in healthy eyes tends to decrease with age as well as the stability of the pattern of fixation. A normative database in terms of retinal sensitivity threshold and fixation performance can be established in this type of eyes.
3CL Protease Inhibitors with an Electrophilic Arylketone Moiety as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents (2021)

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has been identified as the causative agent for the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. 3CL protease (3CL<sup>pro</sup>) plays a pivotal role in the processing of viral polyproteins. We report peptidomimetic compounds with a unique benzothiazolyl ketone as a warhead group, which display potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CL<sup>pro</sup>. The most potent inhibitor YH-53 can strongly block the SARS-CoV-2 replication. X-ray structural analysis revealed that YH-53 establishes multiple hydrogen bond interactions with backbone amino acids and a covalent bond with the active site of 3CL<sup>pro</sup>. Further results from computational and experimental studies, including an <i>in vitro</i> absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profile, <i>in vivo</i> pharmacokinetics, and metabolic analysis of YH-53 suggest that it has a high potential as a lead candidate to compete with COVID-19.
Methane Catalytic Cracking to Make Hydrogen and Graphitic Nano Carbons (Nanotubes, Microfibers, Microballs, Onions) with Zero Emission (2013)

Methane was catalytically decomposed to hydrogen and highly graphitic carbon nanotubes, microfibers, microballs, and nano onions. Over Mo x –Ni(Fe,Co) y –MgO z , single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and thin-walled carbon nanotubes (TWNTs) were produced; over Ni/Y, individually separated SWNTs were generated; over La2NiO4, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were made. Over Ni/MCM-41, with the addition of benzene, the carbon microballs (CMBs) were produced. Over Fe–Cr alloy and LaNi0.9Co0.1O3, the carbon nano onions (CNOs) and carbon microfibers (CMFs) were produced, respectively. The methane conversion efficiency and carbon growth rate followed the order: CNOs > CMBs > CMFs > MWNTs > TWNTs > SWNTs.
The Dolastatins. 21. Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structure, and Molecular Modeling of (6R)-Isodolastatin 10 (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Dolastatins. 21. Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structure, and Molecular Modeling of (6R)-Isodolastatin 10George R. Pettit, Jayaram K. Srirangam, Delbert L. Herald, and Ernest HamelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 21, 6127–6130Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00100a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00100a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of synthetic oligonucleotide DNA probes for identification and direct detection of Bacteroides forsythus in plaque samples (1991)

Oligonucleotide DNA probes complementary to the hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA of Bacteroides forsythus were tested for their specificity and sensitivity against reference and clinical isolates of 73 different species of bacteria. The probes were used to detect the organism directly from nucleic acid extracts of subgingival plaque samples, and the results were compared with results of detection by culture methods. The data demonstrate that the probes are very specific (100%) and sensitive (100% when they are compared with those obtained by the culture method) and could reliably detect the organism in plaque samples. When a probe to a conserved region of the 16S rRNA (UP9A) was used to estimate the quantity of bacteria present in plaque samples, it gave results comparable to those of culture methods. The data suggest that total microbial load may be a parameter in periodontal disease.
Theoretical Studies on the Gas-phase Reaction of Methyl Formate with Anions$^\dag$ (1989)

The gas-phase reactions of methyl formate with anions, , are studied theoretically using the AM1 method. Stationary points are located by the reaction coordinate method, refined by the gradient norm minimization and characterized by the determination of Hessian matrix. Potential energy profiles and the stationary point structures are presented for all conceivable processes. Four reaction paths are found to be possible: formyl proton and methyl proton abstractions, carbonyl addition, and process. For the most basic anion the proton abstraction path is favored, while in other case, , the carbonyl addition paths are favored. In all cases the process is the most exothermic, but due to the relatively high activation barrier the process can be ruled out.