gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of pore size and structure of tissue engineering scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid processing (2007)

Tissue engineering scaffolds require a controlled pore size and structure to host tissue formation. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) processing may be used to form foamed scaffolds in which the escape of CO2 from a plasticized polymer melt generates gas bubbles that shape the developing pores. The process of forming these scaffolds involves a simultaneous change in phase in the CO2 and the polymer, resulting in rapid expansion of a surface area and changes in polymer rheological properties. Hence, the process is difficult to control with respect to the desired final pore size and structure. In this paper, we describe a detailed study of the effect of polymer chemical composition, molecular weight and processing parameters on final scaffold characteristics. The study focuses on poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA) and poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as polymer classes with potential application as controlled release scaffolds for growth factor delivery. Processing parameters under investigation were temperature (from 5 to 55 degrees C) and pressure (from 60 to 230 bar). A series of amorphous PDLLA and PLGA polymers with various molecular weights (from 13 KD to 96 KD) and/or chemical compositions (the mole percentage of glycolic acid in the polymers was 0, 15, 25, 35 and 50 respectively) were employed. The resulting scaffolds were characterised by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and micro X-ray computed tomography (microCT). This is the first detailed study on using these series polymers for scaffold formation by supercritical technique. This study has demonstrated that the pore size and structure of the supercritical PDLLA and PLGA scaffolds can be tailored by careful control of processing conditions.
Walt Whitman: Journalist (1962)

For more than 20 years Walt Whitman worked as a reporter and editor of newspapers, mainly in the New York area and most prominently as editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. The author traces this journalistic career, almost obscured by Whitman's fame as a poet and author of Leaves of Grass.
Immunité de juridiction et exceptions de procédure : le casse-tête des moyens de défense (2011)

International audience
A Research on The Nature and Function of National Social Capital (2014)

Physical capital, financial capital, human capital and social capital of a country together constitute the national capital, which determines a country's overall strength and competitiveness. Through the study of elements and formation of the national social capital and the analysis of its nature and function, this paper tentatively suggest that there is complex relationship between national social capital and other capital, formed the basis of social internal innovation and reform. As a result, this paper focuses on how do moral, ethics, norm, credit and innovation constitute a country's social capital and has a positive impact on national development in the process of social development and explores the effective ways to increase the national social capital.
Optimization of Measuring Magnetic Fields for Position and Orientation Tracking (2011)

This paper presents an optimized method of measuring magnetic fields to estimate orientation and/or position of a moving object including a magnet in 3-D space. Existing position/orientation sensors (commercially available in the market), though capable of providing linear or angular high-resolution measurements, rely on mechanical linkages that often introduce frictions, backlashes, and singularities to constrain the device so that the system becomes bulky and complicated. In addition, multidegree-of-freedom motion should be deduced from the individual orthogonal measurements. To overcome such difficulties, the proposed method aims to develop an efficient method for designing a magnetic field-based orientation sensor system. The method utilizes a distributed multiple pole model to accurately characterize the magnetic field of a magnet. The field information is then approximated in a closed form to efficiently configure system parameters and fully utilize sensor capacity and performance of measurement. The simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the method along with its ability to characterize the magnetic fields and compute position/orientation, which can offer a number of advantages in real-time measurement and control applications.
Magnesium Inhibits Platelet Activity - an Infusion Study in Healthy Volunteers (1996)

Magnesium (Mg) has shown the ability to inhibit arterial thrombus formation in some experimental animal studies. This effect may be due to an inhibition of platelet reactivity as in vitro studies have demonstrated that Mg inhibits platelet aggregation. In order to evaluate the in vivo effect of Mg in humans measurements of platelet activity, fibrinolytic activity, as well as measurements of prostacyclin (PGI2), and nitric oxide (NO) release were performed after infusion of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) in healthy volunteers. In a placebo controlled, cross-over study in 14 healthy male subjects, 8 mmol MgSO4 was given as an intravenous bolus over 15 min followed by 3 mmol MgSO4/h. The mean S-Mg concentration increased from 0.85 to 1.50 mM during the Mg infusion period. A transient decrease in blood pressure was observed during the initial bolus infusion of Mg. Haemodynamic parameters were otherwise unstable. The bleeding time increased by 48% during the Mg infusion (p < 0.005), and in accordance with this, ex vivo platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma was significantly inhibited, both following collagen (p = 0.02) and ADP (p = 0.04) stimulation. There were no significant changes in plasma beta-thromboglobulin concentration or the excretion of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 in the urine. Neither tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)activity, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)antigen nor plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)antigen changed during the Mg infusion period. There was no sign of increased release of PGI2 from the vessel wall as judged by urinary concentration of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. Nor was there any sustained increase in the release of NO, measured as nitrate concentration in urine. However, a transient increase in NO release was observed during one sample period. In conclusion a reduced platelet activity and increased bleeding time, was found during Mg infusion in healthy volunteers. Fibrinolytic activity showed no changes. An anti-platelet effect may in part be responsible for the beneficial effect of Mg, described in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and preeclampsia.
Urease inhibitors: A review (2012)

Urease inhibitors possess a wide application in agriculture, clinical science and understanding of enzyme kinetics. These inhibitors play a significant role in reducing the loss of nitrogen from urea fertilizer in the form of volatile ammonia and, thus, improve the utility of urea based fertilizers. Their impact as an effective drug against urease producing bacterial infection is well documented. The study of urease inhibitors is useful in providing an insight in the catalytic mechanism. This article is an attempt to compile the various urease inhibitors used so far by researchers.
Laser Radar (LIDAR) for Mapping Aerosol Structure (1972)

This paper describes a third-generation experimental Q-switched, ruby laser radar or lidar useful for air pollution mapping and meteorological studies. This system differs from its predecessors in that it incorporates (1) automatic inverse-range-squared receiver gain compensation, (2) coaxial transmitter and receiver optics, (3) automatic scanning and pulsing at equal angle increments or time intervals for fixed operation, and at equal distances traveled for mobile operation, and (4) video disk storage and instant replay of scan sequences. Details of these improvements are included. Photographs of typical displays are also included to illustrate atmospheric returns recorded during range-height mapping of a smoke plume from an industrial plant, showing a cross section of the plume's structure; plan position mapping of the effluents from several industrial plants, indicating those emitting particulates; and distance-height mapping, showing differences in pollution and changes in the height of the inversion layer obtained while driving through a city.
Plasma Parameters in a Pre-Ionized HiPIMS Discharge Operating at Low Pressure (2010)

A high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharge assisted by a dc pre-ionizer operating at low pressure has been investigated using the Langmuir probe technique as well as energy-resolved mass spectrometry. It was found that the background plasma with densities of about 1 × 109 cm-3 provided by the dc pre-ionizer can reduce the ignition delay time of the HiPIMS plasma from more than 50 μs to less than 5 μs at a working pressure of about 0.1 Pa. Furthermore, the technique of super-imposing HiPIMS with the dc discharge can be readily employed with a low self-sputtering yield target (Ti) at a working pressure of 0.08 Pa, with a pulse width and a repetition frequency of 100 μs and 100 Hz, respectively. This leads to a power density of 450 Won 2 at the target. At these operating conditions, the probe measurements showed a high-density plasma 6 cm in front of the target. The maximum electron density was found to be 8 × 1011 cm-3, with an effective electron temperature of about 3-4 eV. A study of the ion mass distribution revealed that the intensity of Ti2+ ions is larger than the peak of Ti+ in low-pressure operation. Moreover, the number of metal ions in the high-energy tail of the ion energy distribution function increased with a decreasing pressure from 0.5 to 0.08 Pa.
Complex orthogonal sequences from amicable Hadamard matrices (2005)

The paper deals with the novel technique of designing complex spreading sequences with only four phases (0.257/spl pi/, 0.75/spl pi/, 1.25/spl pi/, 1.75/spl pi/). The interesting feature of those new sequences is the fact that not only the complex sequences are orthogonal but the real parts and imaginary parts are independently orthogonal. This can be utilized for spreading of complex constellation signals where the independent spreading using bipolar sequences (real part for in-phase component and imaginary part for quadrature component) can be applied. The paper introduces the theoretical background, and some example constructions of the amicable Hadamard matrices and the corresponding complex spreading sequences. The sequences are later modified using a diagonal method to achieve better correlation properties.
Novel Processes for Modular Integration of Silicon-Germanium MEMS with CMOS Electronics (2007)

Equipment control, process development and materials characterization for LPCVD poly-SiGe for MEMS applications are investigated in this work. In order to develop a repeatable process in an academic laboratory, equipment monitoring methods are implemented and new process gases are explored. With the dopant gas BCl3, the design-of-experiments technique is used to study the dependencies of deposition rate, resistivity, average residual stress, strain gradient and wet etch rate in hydrogen-peroxide. Structural layer requirements for general MEMS applications are met within the process temperature constraint imposed by CMOS electronics. However, the strain gradient required for inertial sensor applications is difficult to achieve with as-deposited films. <p> Approaches to reduce the strain gradient of LPCVD poly-SiGe are investigated. Correlation between the strain gradient and film microstructure is found using stress-depth profiling and cross-sectional TEM analysis. The effects of film deposition conditions on film microstructure are also determined. Boron-doped poly-SiGe films generally have vertically oriented grains -- either conical or columnar in shape. Films with conical grain structure have large strain gradient due to highly compressive stress in the lower (initially deposited) region of the film. Films with small strain gradient usually have columnar grain structure with low defect density. It is also found that the uniformity of films deposited in a batch LPCVD reactor can be improved by increasing the deposited film thickness, using a proper seeding layer, and/or depositing the film in multiple layers. The best strain gradient achieved in our academic research laboratory is 1.1 x 10^-6 mu-m^-1 for a ~3.5 mu-m thick film deposited at 410 degrees C in 8 hours, with a worst-case variation across a 150 mm-diameter wafer of 1.6 x 10^-5 mu-m^-1 and a worse-case variation across a load of twenty-five wafers of 7 x 10^-5 mu-m^-1. The effects of post-deposition annealing and argon implantation on mechanical properties are also studied. While the as-deposited film can achieve the desired mechanical properties, post-deposition processing at elevated temperatures can degrade the strain gradient
Purification of human interleukin-2 using the cellulose-binding domain of a prokaryotic cellulase. (1995)

Engineering gene fusions which introduce an affinity tag linked to the target polypeptide by a specific protease cleavage site is widely used to facilitate recombinant protein purification. A fusion protein CBDAPT-IL-2, comprised of the cellulose-binding domain (CBD) and Pro-Thr (PT) rich linker of the Cellulomonas fimi endo-beta-1,4-glucanase A (CenA) and a factor Xa cleavage sequence (IleGluGlyArg) fused to the N terminus of human interleukin-2, was produced in Escherichia coli, Streptomyces lividans and mammalian COS cells. CBDAPT-IL-2, secreted from S. lividans or COS cells or recovered from the insoluble fraction of E. coli, could be purified by adsorption on cellulose. The intact fusion protein adsorbed to cellulose was hydrolyzed in situ with factor Xa to release active interleukin-2.
The kinematics of vorticity (2018)

Unique graduate-level monograph presents a heavily mathematical treatment with applications extending to many areas of physics and engineering. "A valuable compendium of results." - Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 1954 edition.
Effect of organic vapors and potential-dependent Raman scattering of 2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide on platinum nanoaggregates (2011)

The surface-enhanced Raman scattering characteristics of 2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide (2,6-DMPI) on Pt nanoaggregates, in ambient and electrochemical environments and in the presence of organic vapors, were examined and compared with those on Au nanoaggregates. Due to the exclusive adsorption via the isocyanide group, the NC stretching band was very susceptible to the measurement conditions although the ring associated bands showed negligible peak shifts. In ambient conditions, the peak shift of the NC stretching vibration on Pt (29 cm(-1)) was one half of that on Au (61 cm(-1)), suggesting that the electron donation capability of the isocyanide group to Au was greater than that to Pt. In the electrochemical environment, the NC stretching peak varied linearly with slopes of ∼42 and ∼36 cm(-1) V(-1) on Pt and Au, respectively. On the other hand, the NC stretching bands of 2,6-DMPI on Pt red-shifted by as much as 15 and 41 cm(-1), in the presence of acetone and ammonia, respectively, corresponding to the lowering of the surface potential of Pt nanoaggregates from +0.2 to -0.2 and -0.8 V, respectively. On Au nanoaggregates, however, acetone appeared to increase the surface potential of Au from +0.2 to +0.3 V, although ammonia decreased the surface potential from +0.2 to -0.4 V. Acetone must then act as an electron donor when interacting with Pt while it serves as an electron acceptor when interacting with Au, in agreement with an ab initio quantum mechanical calculation.
Organosilane-functionalization of nanostructured indium tin oxide films (2016)

Fabrication and organosilane-functionalization and characterization of nanostructured ITO electrodes are reported. Nanostructured ITO electrodes were obtained by electron beam evaporation, and a subsequent annealing treatment was selectively performed to modify their crystalline state. An increase in geometrical surface area in comparison with thin-film electrodes area was observed by atomic force microscopy, implying higher electroactive surface area for nanostructured ITO electrodes and thus higher detection levels. To investigate the increase in detectability, chemical organosilane-functionalization of nanostructured ITO electrodes was performed. The formation of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GOPTS) layers was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As an indirect method to confirm the presence of organosilane molecules on the ITO substrates, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were also carried out. Cyclic voltammograms of functionalized ITO electrodes presented lower reduction-oxidation peak currents compared with non-functionalized ITO electrodes. These results demonstrate the presence of the epoxysilane coating on the ITO surface. EIS showed that organosilane-functionalized electrodes present higher polarization resistance, acting as an electronic barrier for the electron transfer between the conductive solution and the ITO electrode. The results of these electrochemical measurements, together with the significant difference in the X-ray spectra between bare ITO and organosilane-functionalized ITO substrates, may point to a new exploitable oxide-based nanostructured material for biosensing applications. As a first step towards sensing, rapid functionalization of such substrates and their application to electrochemical analysis is tested in this work. Interestingly, oxide-based materials are highly integrable with the silicon chip technology, which would permit the easy adaptation of such sensors into lab-on-a-chip configurations, providing benefits such as reduced size and weight to facilitate on-chip integration, and leading to low-cost mass production of microanalysis systems.
Cryptographic verification of test coverage claims (2000)

The market for software components is growing, driven on the "demand side" by the need for rapid deployment of highly functional products and, on the "supply side", by distributed object standards. As components and component vendors proliferate, there is naturally a growing concern about quality and the effectiveness of testing processes. White-box testing, particularly the use of coverage criteria, Is a widely used method for measuring the "thoroughness" of testing efforts. High levels of test coverage are used as indicators of good quality control procedures. Software vendors who can demonstrate high levels of test coverage have a credible claim to high quality. However, verifying such claims involves knowledge of the source code, test cases, build procedures, etc. In applications where reliability and quality are critical, it would be desirable to verify test coverage claims without forcing vendors to give up valuable technical secrets. In this paper, we explore cryptographic techniques that can be used to verify such claims. Our techniques have certain limitations, which we discuss in this paper. However, vendors who have done the hard work of developing high levels of test coverage can use these techniques (for a modest additional cost) to provide credible evidence of high coverage, while simultaneously reducing disclosure of intellectual property.
Minimizing gain transient dynamics by optimizing the erbium concentration and cavity length of a gain clamped EDFA (2005)

Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) gain transient dynamics are studied in the context of their application in optically reconfigurable networks. We address the question of how to design the EDFA in order to minimize the gain transients present in the output signals of the EDFA when the system is optically reconfigured such that the total average input power levels and wavelengths are changed. Both experimental measurements and theoretical simulations show that the amplitude transients depend on the length of the erbium doped fiber (EDF) and the erbium concentration. We show how it may be possible to reduce the gain transients by appropriate design of the EDFA.
Ion-exchange electrokinetic chromatography with polymer ions for the separation of isomeric ions having identical electrophoretic mobilities (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon-exchange electrokinetic chromatography with polymer ions for the separation of isomeric ions having identical electrophoretic mobilitiesShigeru. Terabe and Tsuguhide. IsemuraCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 6, 650–652Publication Date (Print):March 15, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00205a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00205a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation modulates glioma cell migration (1997)

Stable transfection of U251.3 glioma cells with cDNA encoding MT-MMP-1 resulted in increased cell surface expression of MT-MMP-1 and TIMP-2, constitutive activation of MMP-2 proenzyme and increased collagen degradation. In tumor spheroid outgrowth assays, cell migration of MT-MMP-1 transfectants relative to control was enhanced on collagen and decreased on vitronectin and fibronectin. These effects were reversed by TIMP-2 and were not associated with any substantial changes in cell adhesion. Binding of U251.3 cells to the C-terminal domain of MMP-2 was specifically inhibited by anti-(alpha)vss3 integrin blocking antibody indicating that MMP-2 interacts with (alpha)vss3 through the enzyme's C-terminal portion at or near the integrin's matrix adhesion sites. We propose that these mechanisms could govern directed matrix degradation in the tumor cells' microenvironment by sequestration of active MMP-2 on the cell surface. Our data suggest that activation of MMP-2 and its proteolytic activity localized to the cell surface could differentially modulate tumor cell migration in response to particular matrix proteins by altering both composition of the extracellular matrix and expression of adhesion receptors on the cell surface.