gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Icing Characteristics of Typical Light Airplane Engine Induction Systems (1949)

The icing characteristics of two typical light-airplane engine induction systems were investigated using the carburetors and manifolds of engines in the horsepower ranges from 65 to 85 and 165 to 185. The smaller system consisted of a float-type carburetor with an unheated manifold and the larger system consisted of a single-barrel pressure-type carburetor with an oil-jacketed manifold. Carburetor-air temperature and humidity limits of visible and serious Icing were determined for various engine power conditions. Several.methods of achieving ice-free induction systems are discussed along with estimates of surface heating requirements of the various induct ion-system components. A study was also made of the icing characteristics of a typical light-airplane air scoop with an exposed filter and a modified system that provided a normal ram inlet with the filter located in a position to Induce inertia separation of the free water from the charge air. The principle of operation of float-type carburetors is proved to make them inherently more susceptible to icing at the throttle plate than pressure-type carburetors.. The results indicated that proper jacketing and heating of all parts exposed to the fuel spray can satisfactorily reduce or eliminate icing in the float-type carburetor and the manifold. Pressure-type carburetors can be protected from serious Icing by proper location of the fuel-discharge nozzle combined with suitable application of heat to critical parts.
Eric (not ERIC) (1985)

At our last meeting I strongly suggested that you learn some of the other things your micro workstation could do. To undertake those tasks, you need software, and we all know the high price tag of our newest form of enhanced library productivity.
Epidemiology of Acute Knee Injuries: A Prospective Hospital Investigation (1991)

During a 1-year period, data on all acute injuries treated at emergency departments were entered into a registry; of these injuries, 6% involved the knee joint. The patients were followed until a definite diagnosis was established. The rate of anterior cruciate ligament injuries and meniscus tears was, respectively, 0.3 and 0.7 (injuries per 1,000 inhabitants per year). The rate of dislocations of the patellofemoral joints was equal to the rate of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Ten percent of the cases involved ligament injuries, and isolated ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligaments were twice as common as combined lesions of this ligament. Injuries of both the collateral ligament and the meniscus represented 6% of the cases. In most age groups male patients predominated, but the frequency of anterior cruciate ligament injuries was similar in both sexes, while the frequency of collateral ligament injuries and meniscus tears varied according to both gender and age. Only 27% of the injuries were associated with sports activities, but they were found twice as often among athletes than people injured in nonathletic accidents. Ruptures of the collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament were four and seven times more common among athletes, respectively, while athletes sustained fewer meniscus tears than people involved in nonathletic activities. Half of the patients needed further care after primary treatment, and 18% were primarily (65%) or secondarily (35%) admitted to in-patient care. Operative treatment, including arthroscopic examination, was performed in 20% of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Improved IGI Available Bandwidth Probing Technique (2009)

The conventional IGI (Initial gap increasing) method can significantly impact the cross traffic. In this paper, we propose an improved IGI method for the problem. With the reasons why the IGI method can significantly impact cross traffic, the method of finding turning point is modified. Firstly, the larger initial gap is chosen, and the gap is decreased step by step to reach the turning point. The turning point is judged based on the principle that the output gap is larger than input gap. Using ns simulations, the performance about the measurement accuracy and the impact of probe traffic on the cross traffic is respectively compared between the improved and traditional IGI method, which proved that the improved method can maintain the advantages and reduce its impact on the cross traffic.
<title>High-speed grating-generated electronic coherence microscopy of biological tissue without moving parts</title> (1999)

A novel method of high speed grating-generated electronic coherence microscopy is applied to produce depth-lateral images of biological tissue without axial-lateral scanning. Axial-lateral scan is automatically performed by the stationary reflection diffraction grating installed in the Littrow configuration at the reference beam and a cylindrical lens installed in the sample beam. Using several 2D CCD array complex digital imags containing amplitude and phase values the depth-lateral reflections of biological tissue are reconstructed with a simple algorithm. The depth scan of 1.5 mm and the transversal coordinate image about 1.2 mm of the chicken tissue with a depth resolution of 17 micrometers , and a dynamic range about 70 dB are achieved. Final depth-lateral images are similar to OCT images and produced without any moving parts.
Syntheses of labelled methyl malvalate (1970)

W. J. Gensler, K. W. Pober, D. W. Solomon, R. Yanase and M. B. Floyd, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 287 DOI: 10.1039/C29700000287
MusicCube (2005)

To some extent listening to digital music via storage devices has led to a loss of part of the physical experience associated with earlier media formats such as CDs and LPs. For example, one could consider the role of album covers in music appreciation. Previous efforts at making music interaction more tangible have focused mainly on access issues. A case study is presented in which several content attributes of Mp3 formatted music as well as control access are made more visible and tangible. Play lists, music rhythm, volume, and navigational feedback were communicated via multicolored light displayed in a tangible interface. Users were able to physically interact with music collections via the MusicCube, a wireless cube-like object, using gestures to shuffle music and a rotary dial with a button for song navigation and volume control. Speech and non-speech feedback were given to communicate current mode and song title. The working prototype was compared to an Apple iPod, along the dimensions of trust, engagement, ergonomic and hedonic qualities, and appeal. Subjects rated the MusicCube higher on scales associated with hedonic qualities, while the iPod was preferred for ergonomic qualities. Results on trust measures were found to correlate with ergonomic qualities, while sense of engagement related to hedonic aspects. Subjects generally valued the expressive and tangible interaction with music collections. Next design steps will focus on increasing ergonomic aspects of the MusicCube while maintaining a high hedonic rating.
Standard and Capillary Chromatography, Including Electrochromatography, on Continuous Polymer Beds (Monoliths), Based on Water-Soluble Monomers (1999)

Continuous polymer beds (acrylic-based beds) have the following advantages over beds packed with beads: (1) For most chromatographic modes they can be synthesized in one step by sucking a solution of appropriate monomers into a chromatographic tube and polymerizing it under such conditions that a polymer rod forms containing channels which permit hydrodynamic flow of the mobile phase at a relatively low back pressure. The expensive and time-consuming preparation of beads by the conventional suspension−polymerization procedure is thus omitted, as well as the packing step. (2) The monomers are water-soluble, which means that the polymer bed is biocompatible and that no organic solvents are required for the synthesis, which is attractive from an environmental and economical point of view (the destruction or regeneration of organic solvents often costs more than the purchase). (3) The bed can be prepared in situ as described above or, alternatively, by simple packing with bed material synthesized separately by the same procedure. The latter alternative permits a great number of columns to be packed from the same batch. (4) The rate of success of the preparation of beds is close to 100%. (5) The gel particles constituting the bed are nonporous to increase the mass transfer. Yet, the binding capacity of proteins is high because the area of the particles is large because of their rough surface and small diameters. (6) The gel particles are covalently linked, which gives a low flow resistance, notwithstanding that the gel particles are small (0.2−0.5 μm). (7) The bed can be compressed to decrease the distance between the gel particles and thereby increase the resolution (the method is not suitable for capillary columns, for which the monomer concentration is increased instead). The back pressure is low (often below 50 bar) even at high flow rates (100 cm/min). (8) Following compression of the bed, the resolution often is constant or even increases with an increase in flow rate, contrary to classical chromatographic theory. (9) No frit to support the bed is required in capillary chromatography, including electrochromatography, because the bed can be covalently attached to the capillary wall (a frit often disturbs the separation). (10) The recently introduced completely homogeneous continuous gel beds have the advantage that zone broadening caused by Eddy diffusion is eliminated.
Relative Chlorinating, Nitrating, and Oxidizing Capabilities of Neutrophils Determined with Phagocytosable Probes (1997)

The capabilities of stimulated neutrophils to initiate intraphagosomal and extracellular chlorination, nitration, and other oxidative reactions has been evaluated using a fluorescent particle and soluble phenolic compounds as target molecules. Neutrophils activated by the soluble stimulus, phorbol myristate acetate, both chlorinated fluorescein that was covalently attached to polyacrylamide microspheres and initiated tyrosine dimerization. When nitrite ion was present at millimolar concentration levels in the medium, nitration of the phenolic rings also occurred; the relative extent of nitration increased as the nitrite concentration was increased. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) also catalyzed nitration and chlorination of fluorescein and the fluorescein-conjugated particles in cell-free solutions; the relative nitration yields increased with increasing [NO2-]/[Cl-] ratios. Nitration did not involve intermediary formation of nitrating agents derived from reaction between MPO-generated HOCl and NO2- because this reaction also occurred in chloride-free media and direct addition of HOCl to solutions containing NO2- and fluorescein gave only chlorinated products. In marked contrast to these extracellular reactions, intraphagosomal nitration of the fluorescein-conjugated particles could not be detected (even at [NO2-] as high as 0.1 M), whereas chlorination of the probe was extensive. These data indicate that intraphagosomal aromatic nitration in neutrophils is negligible, although extracellular nitration of phenolic compounds by secreted MPO could occur at physiological concentration levels of NO2-.
Additive manufacturing of metals: a brief review of the characteristic microstructures and properties of steels, Ti-6Al-4V and high-entropy alloys (2017)

We present a brief review of the microstructures and mechanical properties of selected metallic alloys processed by additive manufacturing (AM). Three different alloys, covering a large range of technology readiness levels, are selected to illustrate particular microstructural features developed by AM and clarify the engineering paradigm relating process-microstructure-property. With Ti-6Al-4V the emphasis is placed on the formation of metallurgical defects and microstructures induced by AM and their role on mechanical properties. The effects of the large in-built dislocation density, surface roughness and build atmosphere on mechanical and damage properties are discussed using steels. The impact of rapid solidification inherent to AM on phase selection is highlighted for high-entropy alloys. Using property maps, published mechanical properties of additive manufactured alloys are graphically summarized and compared to conventionally processed counterparts.
Syntheses of Well-Defined Functional Isotactic Polypropylenes via Efficient Copolymerization of Propylene with ω-Halo-α-alkenes by Post-metallocene Hafnium Catalyst (2014)

Catalyzed by the (pyridylamido)hafnium/organoboron system, a series of halogen-functionalized isotactic polypropylenes were synthesized via the stereospecific copolymerization of propylene with ω-halo-α-alkenes. The (pyridylamido)hafnium/organoboron system has been proved to be a potent catalyst for propylene/ω-iodo-α-alkenes copolymerization, producing well-defined poly(propylene-co-ω-iodo-α-undecene)s with outstanding properties. The high molecular weight (Mw > 100 kg mol–1) functional iPPs possessing abundant iodoalkene units (up to 11.7 mol %) and unimodal molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn ≈ 2) could be easily obtained under mild conditions with excellent catalytic activity. High isotactic selectivity of monomers, including propylene and polar comonomer, was unexpectedly observed ([mmmm] > 99%). Moreover, based on the unique copolymerization process and the highly reactive sites on the copolymers, the halogen groups of the resultant copolymers could be easily transformed into other polar groups via click chemistry, and the new functional iPPs with high molecular weights and abundant polar groups could be efficiently obtained.
Variability-Aware Design of Multilevel Logic Decoders for Nanoscale Crossbar Memories (2008)

The fabrication of crossbar memories with sublithographic features is expected to be feasible within several emerging technologies; in all of them, the nanowire (NW) decoder is a critical part since it bridges the sublithographic wires to the outer circuitry that is defined on the lithography scale. In this paper, we evaluate the addressing scheme of the decoder circuit for NW crossbar arrays, based on the existing technological solutions for threshold voltage differentiation of NW devices. This is equivalent to using a multivalued logic addressing scheme. With this approach, it is possible to reduce the decoder size and keep it defect tolerant. We formally define two types of multivalued codes (i.e., hot and reflexive codes), and we estimate their yield under high variability conditions. Multivalued hot decoders yield better area saving than <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> -ary reflexive codes, and under severe conditions, reflexive codes enable a nonvanishing part of the code space to randomly recover. The choice of the optimal combination of decoder type and logic level saves area up to 24%. We also show that the precision of the addressing voltages when a high variability affects the threshold voltages is a crucial parameter for the decoder design and permits large savings in memory area. Moreover, a precise knowledge about the variability level improves the design of memory decoders by giving the right optimal code.
Intestinal Transport of Two Dipeptides Containing the Same Two Neutral Amino Acids in Man (1973)

1. A double lumen perfusion technique has been used in man to study the absorption of the two neutral amino acids glycine and l-alanine from the two dipeptides, l-alanylglycine and glycyl-l-alanine and from an equivalent amino acid mixture. 2. Glycine was absorbed faster from the dipeptides than from the equivalent amino acid mixture, and the difference in absorption rates of glycine and alanine seen when the equimolar mixture of the amino acids was perfused, was abolished when either dipeptide was perfused. This suggests that dipeptides are taken up by the mucosal cell by a mechanism independent of the amino acid-transport system. 3. The presence of free amino acids in the lumen during perfusion of both dipeptides suggests that hydrolysis occurs at some stage in the uptake process. Intraluminal hydrolysis was insufficient to account for the concentration of the amino acids seen, and their presence is thought to be due to hydrolysis of the dipeptides at the brush border. 4. It is suggested that these results confirm that at least two modes of peptide absorption occur simultaneously, namely, direct peptide uptake, and peptide hydrolysis with subsequent absorption of the released amino acids by the amino acid transport system.
Spectral areas and ratios classifier algorithm for pancreatic tissue classification using optical spectroscopy (2010)

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer death, in part because of the inability of current diagnostic methods to reliably detect early-stage disease. We present the first assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of algorithms developed for pancreatic tissue classification using data from fiber optic probe-based bimodal optical spectroscopy, a real-time approach that would be compatible with minimally invasive diagnostic procedures for early cancer detection in the pancreas. A total of 96 fluorescence and 96 reflectance spectra are considered from 50 freshly excised tissue sites-including human pancreatic adenocarcinoma, chronic pancreatitis (inflammation), and normal tissues-on nine patients. Classification algorithms using linear discriminant analysis are developed to distinguish among tissues, and leave-one-out cross-validation is employed to assess the classifiers' performance. The spectral areas and ratios classifier (SpARC) algorithm employs a combination of reflectance and fluorescence data and has the best performance, with sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value for correctly identifying adenocarcinoma being 85, 89, 92, and 80%, respectively.
Human cytomegalovirus infection inhibits G1/S transition (1997)

Cell cycle progression during cytomegalovirus infection was investigated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of the DNA content in growth-arrested as well as serum-stimulated human fibroblasts. Virus-infected cells maintained in either low (0.2%) or high (10%) serum failed to progress into S phase and failed to divide. DNA content analysis in the presence of G1/S (hydroxyurea and mimosine) and G2/M (nocodazole and colcemid) inhibitors demonstrated that upon virus infection of quiescent (G0) cells, the cell cycle did not progress beyond the G1/S border even after serum stimulation. Proteins which normally indicate G1/S transition (proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA]) or G2/M transition (cyclin B1) were elevated by virus infection. PCNA levels were induced in infected cells and exhibited a punctate pattern of nuclear staining instead of the diffuse pattern observed in mock-infected cells. Cyclin B1 was induced in infected cells which exhibited a G1/S DNA content by FACS analysis, suggesting that expression of this key cell cycle function was dramatically altered by viral functions. These data demonstrate that contrary to expectations, cytomegalovirus inhibits normal cell cycle progression. The host cell is blocked prior to S phase to provide a favorable environment for viral replication.
The Effect of Protein Structural Conformation on Nanoparticle Molecular Imprinting of Ribonuclease A Using Miniemulsion Polymerization (2007)

One of the major difficulties faced in the molecular imprinting of proteins is the inherently fragile and flexible nature of the protein template which makes it incompatible with most polymerization systems. Miniemulsion polymerization is a possible approach for preparing molecularly imprinted nanoparticles, and in this study, the method of initiation, the high-shear homogenization, and the surfactant used for the polymerization reaction had been considered as possible factors that can denature the template protein, ribonuclease A (RNase A). The conformation of the protein in a miniemulsion was studied using circular dichroism (CD). It was found that redox initiation was more suitable for protein imprinting and that the addition of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a co-surfactant had proved to be effective in preserving the template protein structural integrity. On the basis of the results of the study, polymeric nanoparticles imprinted with RNase A were prepared via miniemulsion polymerization using methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the functional and cross-linker monomers, respectively, with the conditions of the polymerization system optimized to best preserve the integrity of the protein template. In the subsequent investigation for the recognition properties of the prepared nanoparticles through batch and competitive rebinding tests, the imprinted nanoparticles prepared through the conventional (nonoptimized) miniemulsion polymerization lacked the target specificity as displayed by those prepared under the optimized conditions. This illustrated the importance of protein structural integrity in protein imprinting.
ChemInform Abstract: Inclusion Complexes Involving a Novel Ligand Superstructure: Dioxygen Adducts and Other Derivatives of Retro‐Bridged Cyclidene Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Complexes. (1987)

Abstract By combining the new retro‐bridge with the previously known bridging reaction, both lacunar and vaulted doubly bridged cyclidene Ni(II) complexes (VIa)‐(VIc) and (VId)‐(VIg) are prepared as shown in the scheme.
Mounting Troubles (2011)

This article analyzes the problems encountered in developing the first jumbo jet, the Boeing 747. In the 1960s, the jumbo jet—a wide-body aircraft with two aisles and up to 10 seats per row—was the logical next step in the progression of the airliner. For the Pratt & Whitney JT9D, which was causing the 747 trouble, the engine skin casing was both bending and ovalizing—exhibiting non-circular distortion—under thrust loading that could be as high as 43,500 pounds on takeoff. The ovalizing distortion resulted in turbine and compressor blade rubbing against the interior of the engine case and necessitated power-robbing increases in blade tip clearance gaps. The result was a serious reduction in thrust, and increased fuel consumption as much as 7 percent above guaranteed rates. Boeing chose to mount the JT9D engines well forward of the 747 wing leading edges. The successful resolution of ovalization problems encountered in mounting the JT9D to the first Boeing 747s has provided guidance for future installations of large fan commercial jet engines.
Data Prefetching for Smooth Navigation of Large Scale JPEG 2000 Images (2005)

Remote access to large scale images arouses a growing interest in fields such as medical imagery or remote sensing. This raises the need for algorithms guaranteeing navigation smoothness while minimizing the network resources used. In this paper, we present a model taking advantage of the JPEG 2000 scalability combined with a prefetching policy. The model uses the last user action to efficiently manage the cache and to prefetch the most probable data to be used next. Three different network configurations are considered. In each case, comparison with two more classic policies shows the improvement brought by our approach.
SELECTIONS FROM LYDGATE'S <i>FALL OF PRINCES</i> : A CHECKLIST (1971)

Journal Article SELECTIONS FROM LYDGATE'S FALL OF PRINCES: A CHECKLIST Get access A. S. G. EDWARDS A. S. G. EDWARDS Victoria, B. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Library, Volume s5-XXVI, Issue 4, December 1971, Pages 337–342, https://doi.org/10.1093/library/s5-XXVI.4.337 Published: 01 December 1971