gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An example of simultaneous recording where necessary signal separation is easily achieved (1991)

Abstract The key to success in recording multiple data sets simultaneously from multiple sets of sources is being able to separate the multiple data sets satisfactorily. If at a given receiver position the energy level is greatly different from one source than from another source, then we may have difficulty in extracting the weaker trace from the stronger trace. We operated two sets of sources at two adjacent source positions, so that the energy levels from the two sets of sources at any receiver position were not greatly different and satisfactory separation of the traces was relatively easy. Reflections from adjacent source positions as recorded at any receiver position were also similar in that the rays were reflected from adjacent reflection points at depth. Actually, of course, our measurements responded not to rays but to waves which were reflected from rather large areas surrounding the reflection points. Reflections from adjacent reflection points were actually from areas which overlapped substantially; therefore, signals reflected from adjacent reflection points would not have been totally independent even with conventional recording from one set of sources. Slight, additional contamination of one trace by an adjacent trace because of less than perfect separation of simultaneously recorded data was of little consequence with our technique. We saved money by speeding up recording, and data quality was excellent. In our application of the technique the reflection targets were rather shallow, but the technique is not limited to shallow exploration.To best meet our exploration objectives, we used simultaneous recording to save field time and money. We used nonlinear sweeps in the field along with effective spectral flattening processing techniques to bring out higher frequencies and improve resolution. We used the stack-array technique (Anstey, 1986) to suppress noise in the stacked data better.Some have objected that our technique cannot possibly work, and have shut their minds against discussion and favorable evidence. However, this technique is based upon nothing more controversial than a valid application of the theorem of superposition. Furthermore, the technique was validated by field results including the recording of 73 mi (117 km) of excellent data in 1984 and 1985 at relatively modest costs.
Relationship of Anti-Lewis x and Anti-Lewis y Antibodies in Serum Samples from Gastric Cancer and Chronic Gastritis Patients to<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-Mediated Autoimmunity (2001)

Lewis (Le) antigens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer in the setting of Helicobacter pylori infection, and H. pylori-induced anti-Le antibodies have been described that cross-react with the gastric mucosa of both mice and humans. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of anti-Le antibodies in patients with H. pylori infection and gastric cancer and to examine the relationships between anti-Le antibody production, bacterial Le expression, gastric histopathology, and host Le erythrocyte phenotype. Anti-Le antibody production and H. pylori Le expression were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, erythrocyte Le phenotype was examined by agglutination assays, and histology was scored blindly. Significant levels of anti-Le(x) antibody (P < 0.0001, T = 76.4, DF = 5) and anti-Le(y) antibody (P < 0.0001, T = 73.05, DF = 5) were found in the sera of patients with gastric cancer and other H. pylori-associated pathology compared with H. pylori-negative controls. Following incubation of patient sera with synthetic Le glycoconjugates, anti-Le(x) and -Le(y) autoantibody binding was abolished. The degree of the anti-Le(x) and -Le(y) antibody response was unrelated to the host Le phenotype but was significantly associated with the bacterial expression of Le(x) (r = 0.863, r(2) = 0.745, P < 0.0001) and Le(y) (r = 0.796, r(2) = 0.634, P < 0.0001), respectively. Collectively, these data suggest that anti-Le antibodies are present in most patients with H. pylori infection, including those with gastric cancer, that variability exists in the strength of the anti-Le response, and that this response is independent of the host Le phenotype but related to the bacterial Le phenotype.
Differential expression of SM1 and SM2 myosin isoforms in cultured vascular smooth muscle (1992)

Ribonuclease protection assays were used to measure expression of smooth muscle (SM) specific myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms SM1 (204 kDa) and SM2 (200 kDa) and also nonmuscle MHC-A in cultured smooth muscle cells isolated from rat aorta. In cells grown in 10% serum for 3-5 days until subconfluent, SM1 MHC mRNA decreased by 30% and SM2 MHC mRNA decreased by 80%. In cells grown in confluency for 7-11 days, SM1 MHC mRNA decreased by 45% and SM2 MHC mRNA decreased by 80%. Similar reductions were found in passaged cells. Serum withdrawal for 1-2 days from confluent cultures had little or no effect on SM1 or SM2 MHC mRNA levels. In contrast, nonmuscle MHC-A mRNA increased 10-fold in subconfluent cultures but increased only threefold higher than controls in quiescent cells. Myosin protein analysis using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting indicated that SM1 MHC protein was detectable at a reduced level in confluent cultured cells, whereas SM2 MHC protein was absent in confluent cells. The decrease in SM2 was much greater than SM1, indicating differential regulation. An apparently new isoform of SM1 MHC migrating with a mobility similar to SM2 type MHC was detected by immunoblot analysis in cultured cells.
Application of microporous membranes to chemiluminescence analysis (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of microporous membranes to chemiluminescence analysisVance. Nau and Timothy A. NiemanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 3, 424–428Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50039a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50039a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Applications and developments of density functional theory to complex systems (2021)

Se desarrollan e implementan nuevas metodologias relacionadas con DFT y se estudian aplicaciones a simulaciones; por ejemplo, calculos de energia libre en simulaciones QM/MM de reacciones de trasnferencia de protones en ADN.
Structure‐activity relationship for the endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide, and certain of its analogues at vanilloid receptors in transfected cells and vas deferens (2001)

1. This study was directed at exploring the structure-activity relationship for anandamide and certain of its analogues at the rat VR1 receptor in transfected cells and at investigating the relative extent to which anandamide interacts with CB(1) and vanilloid receptors in the mouse vas deferens. 2. pK(i) values for displacement of [(3)H]-resiniferatoxin from membranes of rVR1 transfected CHO cells were significantly less for anandamide (5.78) than for its structural analogues N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-arachidonylamide (AM404; 6.18) and N-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy)benzyl-arachidonylamide (arvanil; 6.77). 3. pEC(50) values for stimulating (45)Ca(2+) uptake into rVR1 transfected CHO cells were significantly less for anandamide (5.80) than for AM404 (6.32) or arvanil (9.29). Arvanil was also significantly more potent than capsaicin (pEC(50)=7.37), a compound with the same substituted benzyl polar head group as arvanil. 4. In the mouse vas deferens, resiniferatoxin was 218 times more potent than capsaicin as an inhibitor of electrically-evoked contractions. Both drugs were antagonized to a similar extent by capsazepine (pK(B)=6.93 and 7.18 respectively) but were not antagonized by SR141716A (1 microM). Anandamide was less susceptible than capsaicin to antagonism by capsazepine (pK(B)=6.02) and less susceptible to antagonism by SR141716A (pK(B)=8.66) than methanandamide (pK(B)=9.56). WIN55212 was antagonized by SR141716A (pK(B)=9.02) but not by capsazepine (10 microM). 5. In conclusion, anandamide and certain of its analogues have affinity and efficacy at the rat VR1 receptor. In the mouse vas deferens, which seems to express vanilloid and CB(1) receptors, both receptor types appear to contribute to anandamide-induced inhibition of evoked contractions.
Design and analysis of a credit-based controller for congestion control in B-ISDN/ATM networks (2002)

A credit-based controller (CBC), which has a provision for cell tagging, is proposed for usage parameter control (UPC). Similar in concept to the leaky bucket, the CBC has a credit counter and a data buffer. Credits are accumulated at a rate initiated from the network (equivalent to the sustainable cell rate), and depleted at a rate pertaining to the network traffic load. A source has the prerogative whether or not to send its cells as tagged cells when the credit level is nonpositive. The queueing behavior of the CBC fed by a Marcov modulated source, is analyzed using a stochastic fluid flow model. It is shown that the performance of the CBC can be altered by tuning the weighting parameter within the CBC. Also, adjustments can be made to balance the ratio of tagged and untagged cells sent into the network.
The Random Walk of a Simple Risk Business (1966)

We suppose that a risk business issues a single type of contract under which, in return for a unit “premium”, it will pay a “sum insured” m ( m being an integer) on the occurrence of a contingency of probability q ˂ ½. The expected gain on each contract is i— mq and is assumed to be positive. This type of enterprise is conveniently denominated a simple risk business . Two “real life” situations it simulates are those of a group life policy for a uniform amount covering a number of young lives (e.g., university students), and a roulette casino where the stakes are uniform and the bets are limited to the single numbers o to 36. The risk business is supposed to commence its operations with a “risk reserve” of K units. Each premium is added to this reserve as it is received and all claims by contract holders are paid there-from. We say that the business is “ruined” as soon as the risk reserve becomes zero or negative (though it could be argued that it would be unethical to accept a premium once the risk reserve is less than m — 1). On the other hand, if the reserve reaches an amount M units no further premiums are paid into it until a claim occurs to reduce it below M (de Finetti, 1957). The risk business intends to continue its operations for a long, but finite, period unless ruined in the meantime. We consider two probabilities: (i) υ x , the chance of eventual ruin given that the risk reserve is now x , and (ii) υ x, n , the probability that ruin occurs as a result of the n th contract (simultaneous contracts being ranked in a prearranged, e.g., alphabetical, order). Clearly and we will write I — ν x =μ x
Understanding the impact of threshold voltage on MLC flash memory performance and reliability (2014)

MLC (multi-level cell) NAND flash memory based solid state drives (SSDs) have been increasingly used in supercomputing centers because of their merits in cost, performance, and energy-efficiency. However, as each cell starts to store two or more bits, a threshold voltage range employed to represent a state has to be continuously shrunk, and a narrowed threshold voltage range causes more bit errors. An ad-hoc solution to this problem is to apply an enhanced ECC (error correction code) scheme. Still, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of threshold voltage on MLC flash performance and reliability is an open question. In this paper, we first empirically measure the correlations between threshold voltage and program/erase (P/E) performance as well as reliability. After analyzing experimental results, we make several interesting observations: 1) a memory cell programmed to a lower threshold voltage has a faster programming speed (up to 31%) as well as a fewer number of bit errors; 2) the programming time of an MSB page is about 2 to 3 times shorter than that of an LSB page; 3) erase performance is highly correlated to threshold voltage. These new findings provide system implications for the development of a better SSD. Further, to demonstrate how these findings can be leveraged to enhance MLC flash, we propose an approach called threshold voltage reduction (TVR), which increases programming speed and longevity by 50% and 7.1%, respectively. Finally, we conduct a study on TVR-powered SSDs. Simulation results show that overall mean response time can be reduced by up to 35%.
Three‐Dimensional Magnetic Assembly of Microscale Hydrogels (2011)

A new biomaterial (M-gel) is developed by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles into microscopic hydrogels. The material maintains the biocompatibility of the hydrogels, while contributing additional capabilities for culture and magnetic manipulation. These M-gels can be used as building blocks to create 3D complex multilayer constructs using external magnetic fields.
Learning the variance of the reward-to-go (2016)

In Markov decision processes (MDPs), the variance of the reward-to-go is a natural measure of uncertainty about the long term performance of a policy, and is important in domains such as finance, resource allocation, and process control. Currently however, there is no tractable procedure for calculating it in large scale MDPs. This is in contrast to the case of the expected reward-to-go, also known as the value function, for which effective simulation-based algorithms are known, and have been used successfully in various domains. In this paper we extend temporal difference (TD) learning algorithms to estimating the variance of the reward-to-go for a fixed policy. We propose variants of both TD(0) and LSTD(λ) with linear function approximation, prove their convergence, and demonstrate their utility in an option pricing problem. Our results show a dramatic improvement in terms of sample efficiency over standard Monte-Carlo methods, which are currently the state-of-the-art.
Interaction of Lentogenic Newcastle Disease Virus and Specific Antibodies within the Yolk Sac (1970)

SUMMARY Log dilutions of F strain Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were inoculated into the yolk sacs of fertile eggs from hens immune to NDV. The virus was examined by hemagglutination (HA) test, and mean embryo infective dose (EID50) titration by the allantoic sac route. Embryopathogenicity of the virus was lower by the yolk sac route. Serum NDV hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers were significantly lower in chicks hatched from eggs which received 10-1 to 10-3 log dilutions of NDV than in groups which received 10-4 to 10-10 log dilutions of NDV and an uninoculated control group. Three groups of fertile eggs from hens immune to NDV were inoculated into the yolk sac with formaldehyde-inactivated F strain NDV, uninactivated virus and formaldehyde-treated nutrient broth, respectively; a fourth group was left uninoculated. Virus was examined before inactivation by HA and EIDso titrations, and after inactivation by HA test and infectivity to fertile eggs by the allantoic sac route. No chicks hatched from eggs that received live virus. NDV HI titers were significantly lower in the group which hatched from eggs inoculated with inactivated virus than in the nutrientbroth-inoculated and uninoculated groups.
The cell surface antigens of Streptococcus equi. (1975)

An analysis of the cell surface antigens of Streptococcus equi is presented. Following extraction from cell walls, whole cells and hyaluronidase treated cells the immunoprecipitation patterns of the intact and protease treated components were developed with rabbit anti serum against S. equi. It was determined by mouse protection tests that the specificity of protective antibodies was directed toward a trypsin labile antigen. The presence of antigens similar to those designated M and R in Group A streptococci were found in S. equi.
Learning to Agglomerate Superpixel Hierarchies (2011)

An agglomerative clustering algorithm merges the most similar pair of clusters at every iteration. The function that evaluates similarity is traditionally handdesigned, but there has been recent interest in supervised or semisupervised settings in which ground-truth clustered data is available for training. Here we show how to train a similarity function by regarding it as the action-value function of a reinforcement learning problem. We apply this general method to segment images by clustering superpixels, an application that we call Learning to Agglomerate Superpixel Hierarchies (LASH). When applied to a challenging dataset of brain images from serial electron microscopy, LASH dramatically improved segmentation accuracy when clustering supervoxels generated by state of the boundary detection algorithms. The naive strategy of directly training only supervoxel similarities and applying single linkage clustering produced less improvement. 1
Development of a CMP pad with controlled micro features for improved performance (2005)

This paper focuses on the development of a new chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) based on characterization of conventional pads. Based on new design rules, new pads are prototyped and tested with planarity in SiO/sub 2/ CMP. The result is compared with the conventional pad and the effect of each pad design is also investigated according to design rules.
Vision based hand modeling and tracking for virtual teleconferencing and telecollaboration (2002)

The authors present a hand model that simultaneously satisfies both the synthesis and analysis requirements of model based compression. The model can be fitted to any person's hand and can be done using a single camera. Once the model is fitted to a real human hand, it is then used in several tracking scenarios in order to verify its effectiveness. With successful tracking achieved, the model is ready to be incorporated into a virtual environment or model based compression scheme such as sign language communication over telephone lines or virtual teleconferences over computer networks at very low bit rates and at very high image quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[The effects of Ag+ on the absorption of trace metal ion during the somatic embryogenesis of Lycium barbarum. L]. (2001)

We used callus of medical plant, Ningxia Lycium barbarum. L as material to induce somatic embryo genesis, and used multitracer technique and gamma-ray energy spectrum analytical method to study different concentration of AgNO3 on some absorption of trace metal ions during the somatic embryogenesis of Lycium barbarum. L. The results show that (1) when the concentration of AgNO3 is less then 50 mg/L, with the increase of AgNO3 concentration, the absorption rate of some metal ions is increasing, but when the concentration is excess of such concentration, the effects on the absorption rate are different. Ag+ has the effect of coordination, resistance or competition on the absorption of metal ions. (2) AgNO3 in suitable concentration will promote cell differentiation and somatic embryogenesis. When the concentration of AgNO3 is less then 50 mg/L, along with the increase of the concentration, the frequency of somatic embryogenesis is increased, and Ag+ has the promotion on the somatic embryogenesis of Lycium barbarum. L. While the concentration is up to 50 mg/L, it will mostly raise somatic embryogenesis in calli, the amount of callus is about 3 times as much as that of contrast group (in which AgNO3 is not added). When excess of this concentration point, Ag+ has toxic effect, and the somatic embryogenesis is inhibited remarkably.
Two-layer similarity fusion model for cover song identification (2017)

Abstract Various musical descriptors have been developed for Cover Song Identification (CSI). However, different descriptors are based on various assumptions, designed for representing distinct characteristics of music, and often differ in scale and noise level. Therefore, a single similarity function combined with a specific descriptor is generally not able to describe the similarity between songs comprehensively and reliably. In this paper, we propose a two-layer similarity fusion model for CSI, which combines the information carried by different descriptors and similarity functions organically and incorporates the advantages of both early fusion and late fusion. In particular, in the early fusion, the similarities obtained by the same descriptor and different similarity functions are integrated with the Similarity Network Fusion (SNF) technique. Then, in the late fusion, the learning method selected by sparse group LASSO algorithm is applied on each early fused similarity to obtain the probability that the corresponding song pair belongs to the reference/cover pair. Lastly, the final fused similarity is achieved by averaging all the obtained probabilities. Extensive experimental results on the music collection that is composed of samples provided by the SecondHandSongs (SHS) verify that the proposed scheme outperforms state-of-the-art fusion based CSI schemes in terms of identification accuracy and classification efficiency.
Basic module for an integrated optical phase difference measurement and correction system (1995)

A basic module for an integrated optical phase difference measurement and correction system was developed and fabricated in the AlGaAs-GaAs material system. The relative phase difference between two waveguides is measured using waveguide couplers to sample the optical field in each waveguide, a Y-junction interferometer with a small sinusoidal phase dither applied to one arm and a vertically integrated metal-semiconductor-metal detector. P/sup +/-n/sup -/n/sup +/ phase modulators are used to control the phase difference between the waveguides. This implementation makes it possible to measure and correct the relative phase difference between adjacent waveguides using only a few percent of the optical power of each guide.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>