gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated approach to power systems analysis and maintenance (2002)

An integrated approach to power systems analysis and maintenance is described. The main system element is a protective device database which can be accessed through a graphical interface module. Using this interface, users can access protective device settings, test sheet information, and generate work schedule reports. The database is also linked to internal and external short circuit and coordination modules, thus providing a unified decision support system for both plant engineers and maintenance personnel. How his system was implemented in a paper mill to improve the management of the electrical distribution system is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conductivity Measurements at Microwave Frequencies (1950)

Because of the skin effect, the surface condition of conductors becomes very important in determining attenuation at microwave frequencies. This has been investigated by measuring small wire samples at a frequency of about 9,000 megacycles. A sample of the wire to be measured is inserted in a metal tube to form the center conductor of an open-ended coaxial line. The ratio of the peak frequency to the half-power bandwidth of this coaxial-line resonator, measured with the aid of an oscillographic display of its amplitude-versus-frequency characteristic, gives its loaded Q. The amplitude characteristic of the frequency-modulated signal generator, on which a wavemeter marker appears, is viewed simultaneously and used as a reference. By correcting the result to obtain the unloaded Q of the center conductor alone, the effective conductivity of the sample is obtained. Results of measurements on a number of samples of different conductors having various surface conditions, treatments, and platings are given. These results are of value in the design of microwave components of all types where loss is a factor of importance.
Midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth/differentiation factor, is regulated by retinoic acid and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the developing mouse tooth, and affects cell proliferation and morphogenesis. (1995)

Midkine (MK) is the first cloned gene in a new family of heparin-binding growth/differentiation factors involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation. We have analyzed the expression of MK mRNA and protein during tooth development in mouse embryos and studied the regulation of MK expression and the biological effects of MK protein in organ cultures. MK expression was restricted and preferential in the tooth area as compared to the rest of the developing maxillary and mandibular processes suggesting specific functions for MK during tooth morphogenesis. MK mRNA and protein were expressed during all stages of tooth formation (initiation, morphogenesis, and cell differentiation), and shifts of expression were observed between the epithelial and mesenchymal tissue components. However, the expression of mRNA and protein showed marked differences at some stages suggesting paracrine functions for MK. Tissue recombination experiments showed that MK gene and protein expression are regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, and, moreover, that dental tissue induces the ectopic expression of MK protein in non-dental tissue. The expression of MK gene and protein in the mandibular arch mesenchyme from the tooth region were stimulated by local application of retinoic acid in beads. Cell proliferation was inhibited in dental mesenchyme around the beads releasing MK, but this effect was modulated by simultaneous application of FGF-2. Morphogenesis and cell differentiation were inhibited in tooth germs cultured in the presence of neutralizing antibodies for MK, whereas the development of other organs (e.g., salivary gland, kidney) was unaffected. These results suggest important roles for MK in the molecular cascade that regulates tooth development.
A Novel Stereotactic Prostate Biopsy System Integrating Pre-Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Live Ultrasound Fusion (2011)

Perineal stereotactic prostate biopsies guided by the combination of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound enable effective examination of suspicious magnetic resonance imaging lesions. Each biopsy core taken is documented accurately for its location in 3 dimensions, enabling magnetic resonance imaging validation and tailored treatment planning. The morbidity of the procedure was minimal.
Organogold(III) complexes derived from auration reactions of thienyl-substituted pyridine derivatives (1999)

2-(3-Thienyl)pyridine (3-Hthpy) and 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (2-Hthpy) reacted with Na[AuCl4]·2H2O to afford the adducts [AuCl3(3-Hthpy)] 1a and [AuCl3(2-Hthpy)] 1b, respectively. The cycloaurated complex [AuCl2(3-thpy-C2,N)] [3-thpy = 3-(2-pyridyl)thiophen-2-yl] 2a was obtained by warming 1a at 80 °C in an acetonitrile–water (1∶5) mixed solvent, whereas the cycloaurated complex [AuCl2(2-thpy-C3,N)] [2-thpy = 2-(2-pyridyl)thiophen-3-yl] 2b was produced by the reaction of 1b with silver(I) tetrafluoroborate in refluxing dichloromethane. Moreover, when 1b was heated at reflux in dichloromethane in the absence of silver(I) tetrafluoroborate, the thiophene-C(5) metallated species [{Au(µ-Cl)Cl[(2-thpy-C 5)H]}2]Cl2 [2-thpy = 2-(2-pyridyl)thiophen-5-yl] 3b was formed. Thermal degradation of 3b in aqueous acetonitrile yielded 2-(5-chloro-2-thienyl)pyridine and 5,5′-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,2′-bithienyl. X-Ray structural analyses of [AuCl(3-thpy-C1,N)(PPh3)]BF4 4a and [AuCl(3-thpy-C1,N)(PPh3)]BF4 4b, which were obtained by the reactions of 2a and 2b with triphenylphosphine, have been performed.
Reliability of Cu Wire Bonding to Al Metallization (2007)

The use of Cu wire for thermosonic ball bonding presents several advantages over Au wire. These advantages include significant cost savings due to cheaper raw material cost, higher electrical conductivity for faster die functionality, and much slower intermetallic compound (IMC) growth than Au wire. There are still some challenges that must be overcome, however, before Cu wire bonding can be successful. Since Cu is much harder than Au there is the potential to cause damage to the bond pad or other underlying layers of the die. Oxidation of the Cu wire can also act to inhibit second bond formation, which can result in increased wire bond no-stick rates. Cu oxidation can also result in a very short spool lifetime once the wire has been exposed to the atmosphere. This study focuses on the manufacturability and reliability of using Cu wire for ball bonding in a high volume DRAM production environment. Wire bonding first bond parameters were optimized, and the process was characterized through bond integrity testing (BIT). Package reliability was determined through environmental tests that included HAST, T/C-B, and HTS. IMC growth in the Al-Cu system was characterized and compared to the Al-Au system. Electrical test data of live packages bonded with Cu wire was also compared to that of packages bonded with Au wire to determine if there was any amount of performance or DRAM refresh degradation caused by the Cu wire. This was done at both the individual package level and module level.
Measurement of insulin sensitivity by the minimal model method using a simplified intravenous glucose tolerance test: validity and reproducibility. (1995)

This study aimed at testing whether 12 rather than 26 plasma glucose and insulin determinations can be used to calculate the indices of insulin sensitivity and of glucose effectiveness using Bergman's minimal model during a simple intravenous glucose tolerance test performed without tolbutamide injection. Two intravenous glucose tolerance tests (separated by 1 week) were performed in 7 lean normal subjects and a single test was performed in 9 severely obese non-diabetic subjects. Intra-subject reproducibility of insulin sensitivity was not significantly different when 26 or 12 time-points were analyzed (CV = 16.8 +/- 3.4 versus 18.9 +/- 3.8% respectively). Compared with the insulin sensitivity of the lean subjects, that of obese subjects was significantly (P < 0.001) and similarly reduced when using 12 (2.14 +/- 0.34 versus 7.97 +/- 1.29 10(-4)min-1/mU.1-1) rather than 26 determinations (2.13 +/- 0.42 versus 6.95 +/- 1.12 10(-4) min-1/mU.1-1) respectively. Glucose effectiveness was less reproducible than insulin sensitivity and was slightly diminished by the reduction of blood samples (relative error: -9.7 +/- 4.4%; P < 0.05). Finally, glucose effectiveness tended to be slightly lower in the morbidly obese subjects than in the lean controls with both modes of calculation. In conclusion, in non-diabetic subjects, the insulin sensitivity index can be accurately measured during a simple intravenous glucose tolerance test, without tolbutamide injection and with only 12 blood samples. The possibility of performing a simplified test should contribute to increase the use of the minimal model method for estimating insulin sensitivity in clinical practice.
A low-triggering circuitry for dual-direction ESD protection (2003)

A novel low-triggering, dual-direction on-chip Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection circuitry is designed to protect integrated circuits (ICs) against ESD surges in two opposite directions. The compact circuit features low triggering (7.5 V), short response time (<1 ns), symmetric deep snapback I-V characteristics, and low on-resistance (/spl sim//spl Omega/). It passed 14 kV HEM ESD test and is very area efficient (80 V//spl mu/m). The design was predicted by simulation that fits measurement.
Surveillance and Outbreak Response Management System (SORMAS) to support the control of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa (2015)

In the context of controlling the current outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD), the World Health Organization claimed that 'critical determinant of epidemic size appears to be the speed of implementation of rigorous control measures', i.e. immediate follow-up of contact persons during 21 days after exposure, isolation and treatment of cases, decontamination, and safe burials. We developed the Surveillance and Outbreak Response Management System (SORMAS) to improve efficiency and timeliness of these measures. We used the Design Thinking methodology to systematically analyse experiences from field workers and the Ebola Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) after successful control of the EVD outbreak in Nigeria. We developed a process model with seven personas representing the procedures of EVD outbreak control. The SORMAS system architecture combines latest In-Memory Database (IMDB) technology via SAP HANA (in-memory, relational database management system), enabling interactive data analyses, and established SAP cloud tools, such as SAP Afaria (a mobile device management software). The user interface consists of specific front-ends for smartphones and tablet devices, which are independent from physical configurations. SORMAS allows real-time, bidirectional information exchange between field workers and the EOC, ensures supervision of contact follow-up, automated status reports, and GPS tracking. SORMAS may become a platform for outbreak management and improved routine surveillance of any infectious disease. Furthermore, the SORMAS process model may serve as framework for EVD outbreak modeling.
Intussusception in a Premature Neonate: A Rare Often Misdiagnosed Cause of Intestinal Obstruction (2009)

Intestinal obstruction in neonatal period is an emergency caused by many surgical causes. An extremely rare surgical cause in this group of age is intussusception which can be easily confused with other surgical entities. In several reports, a significant number of the infants who were included in the study population were believed to have necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We present a rare cause of small intestine obstruction in a preterm female infant that can be easily misdiagnosed and confused preoperatively with other clinical entities particular for this period.
A 64-b quad-issue CMOS RISC microprocessor (1996)

The HP-PA8000 is a 180-MHz quad-issue custom VLSI implementation of the HP-PA 2.0 64-b architecture delivering 11.84 SPECint95 and 20.18 SPECfp95 with 3.8 million transistors integrated on a 17.68 mm/spl times/19.1 mm die in a 3.3-V, 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS process. Specialized clock circuits and extensive use of dynamic logic are key factors in this microprocessor's performance. Attention to clock analysis and distribution resulted in a 170 ps clock skew between any two clock nodes. This microprocessor utilizes a 56-entry instruction reorder buffer (IRE), register renaming, and dual functional units to fully exploit instruction level parallelism.
A milky tinoxide on glass (MTG) substrate thin undoped layer p-i-n amorphous silicon solar cell with improved stability and relatively high efficiency (1984)

It has been clarified that p-i-n type a-Si:H solar cells fabricated on large-grain SnO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> on glass (milky tin oxide on glass (MTG)) substrates with thin (∼ 0.2-µm) undoped (i-) layers have comparable high conversion efficiencies (η > 7 percent) and higher stability against the prolonged illumination of intense light when compared with thicker (∼ 0.5m-µm) i-layer cells with conventional transparent conductive oxide. The observed high stability was explained qualitatively by the dependence of the recombination rate of photogenerated (PG) carriers in undoped a-Si:H on the i-layer thickness.
Controlled Synthesis of Anisotropic Polymer Particles Templated by Porous Coordination Polymers (2013)

Nonspherical polymer particles have been efficiently prepared in different morphological crystals of porous coordination polymers (PCPs) by in situ radical polymerization of styrene and methylmethacrylate, followed by removal of the host PCP frameworks in aqueous tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na-EDTA) solution. In this replication process, the isolated vinyl polymer particles retained the size and morphologies of the original PCP particles, although the polymer chains were not stabilized by cross-linking. This morphological retention of vinyl polymers after the isolation from the PCP matrixes was ensured by the rigidity and porosity of the polymers, which was confirmed by DSC and adsorption measurements. The unconventional assembly of polymer chains in the particles is of interest from the viewpoints of functional properties of the polymer particles.
Lagrange Distributed Approximating Functionals (1997)

Lagrange distributed approximating functionals (LDAFs) are proposed as the basis for a new, collocation-type method for accurately approximating functions and their derivatives both on and off discrete grids. Example applications are presented to illustrate the use of LDAFs for solving the Schr\"odinger equation and Fokker-Planck equation. LDAFs are constructed by combining the DAF concept with the Lagrange interpolation scheme.
Pillared Nanocomposite TiO<sub>2</sub>/Bi-Doped Hexaniobate with Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity (2011)

Under the strategies of doping to extend the absorptive response region of a semiconductor and fabricating a heterojunction structure to suppress the recombination of the photogenerated electron−hole pairs, a TiO2-pillared Bi-doped hexaniobate nanocomposite was prepared via a solid state reaction and a subsequent exfoliation−restacking route. The as-prepared pillared nanocomposite was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV−vis, and N2 adsorption−desorption measurements. It was revealed that the host 2D sheet structure was retained after doping, exfoliation, and restacking. The pillared nanocomposite is mesoporous with a high specific surface area (more than 110 m2/g) and shows a good photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. A photoexcitation model in the semiconductor−semiconductor pillared photocatalyst was proposed based on the results of XPS, UV−vis, and photoelectrochemical studies.
Target-Specific Cellular Uptake of PLGA Nanoparticles Coated with Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lysine)−Poly(ethylene glycol)−Folate Conjugate (2005)

Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with anionic surface charge were surface coated with cationic di-block copolymer, poly(L-lysine)-poly(ethylene glycol)-folate (PLL-PEG-FOL) conjugate, for enhancing their site-specific intracellular delivery against folate receptor overexpressing cancer cells. The PLGA nanoparticles coated with the conjugate were characterized in terms of size, surface charge, and change in surface composition by XPS. By employing the flow cytometry method and confocal image analysis, the extent of cellular uptake was comparatively evaluated under various conditions. PLL-PEG-FOL coated PLGA nanoparticles demonstrated far greater extent of cellular uptake to KB cells, suggesting that they were mainly taken up by folate receptor-mediated endocytosis. The enhanced cellular uptake was also observed even in the presence of serum proteins, possibly due to the densely seeded PEG chains. The PLL-PEG-FOL coated PLGA nanoparticles could be potentially applied for cancer cell targeted delivery of various therapeutic agents.
Advantages and disadvantages of TEM sample preparation using the FIB technique; Vor- und Nachteile der TEM-Probenpraeparation mittels FIB (2003)

TEM sample preparation using FIB has become an interesting alternative to classical TEM preparation. This article discusses the capabilities and limits of the FIB technique which are based on results from reference documents and in-house investigations. It focuses on the real FIB process because it is the only process which determines the properties of the TEM lamella. This article shows that the FIB technique is a very efficient preparation method which ensures a nearly 100 % rate of success even if a target preparation is made. Various problems in preparation which were initially considered to be limiting factors may be eliminated or at least mitigated by steps that can be introduced easily. The article describes the problems which are still unsettled and sets forth possible ways to remedy them. [German] Die TEM-Probenpraeparation mittels FIB stellt mittlerweile eine interessante Alternative zur klassischen TEM-Praeparation dar. Auf der Grundlage von Ergebnissen aus der Literatur und eigener Untersuchungen werden Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen der FIB-Technik diskutiert. Dabei steht der eigentliche FIB-Prozess im Vordergrund, da nur dieser die Eigenschaften der TEM-Lamelle bestimmt. Es wird gezeigt, dass die FIB-Technik eine sehr effektive Praeparationsmethode darstellt, die selbst bei der Zielpraeparation eine Erfolgsquote von nahezu 100 % garantiert. Verschiedene, zunaechst als limitierende Faktoren angesehene Praeparationsprobleme koennen durch einfach zu realisierende Massnahmen aufgehoben oder zumindest abgeschwaecht werden. Es werden die noch offenen methodische Probleme genannt und moegliche Loesungswege angegeben.
Image Recognition With the Help of Auto-Associative Neural Network (2011)

This paper proposes a Neural Network model that has been utilized for image recognition. The main issue of Neural Network model here is to train the system for image recognition. In this paper the NN model has been prepared in MATLAB platform. The NN model uses Auto-Associative memory for training. The model reads the image in the form of a matrix, evaluates the weight matrix associated with the image. After training process is done, whenever the image is provided to the system the model recognizes it appropriately. The weight matrix evaluated here is used for image pattern matching. It is noticed that the model developed is accurate enough to recognize the image even if the image is distorted or some portion/ data is missing from the image. This model eliminates the long time consuming process of image recognition.
Shear stress inhibits adhesion of cultured mouse endothelial cells to lymphocytes by downregulating VCAM-1 expression (1994)

Monolayers of endothelial cells (EC) cultured from mouse lymph nodes were exposed to controlled levels of shear stress (0-7.1 dyn/cm2) in a parallel plate flow chamber, and binding between the flow-loaded EC and mouse lymph node-derived lymphocytes was assayed. A large number of lymphocytes adhered to the stationary control EC, but in EC exposed to a shear stress of 1.5 dyn/cm2 for 6 h, the adhesion decreased to 68.8 +/- 12.8% (SD; n = 19) of control (n = 29, P < 0.001). The decrease in adhesion induced by flow loading was time and shear stress dependent and reversible. Treatment of stationary EC with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) reduced the adhesion to 70.6 +/- 11.5% (n = 19) of control (P < 0.001), whereas MAb to CD44 and to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 had no effect on it. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the amount of VCAM-1 expressed on the cell surface was decreased to 48.5 +/- 15.8% (n = 6) of control by flow loading (P < 0.001). Flow loading experiments using two perfusates with different viscosities demonstrated that the decrease in VCAM-1 expression due to flow was shear stress rather than shear rate dependent. The detection of mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed that VCAM-1 mRNA levels were markedly depressed in EC exposed to flow loading.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improved numerical dissipation for time integration algorithms in structural dynamics (1977)

Abstract A new family of unconditionally stable one‐step methods for the direct integration of the equations of structural dynamics is introduced and is shown to possess improved algorithmic damping properties which can be continuously controlled. The new methods are compared with members of the Newmark family, and the Houbolt and Wilson methods.
Cache-Oblivious and Data-Oblivious Sorting and Applications (2018)

Although external-memory sorting has been a classical algorithms abstraction and has been heavily studied in the literature, perhaps somewhat surprisingly, when data-obliviousness is a requirement, even very rudimentary questions remain open. Prior to our work, it is not even known how to construct a comparison-based, external-memory oblivious sorting algorithm that is optimal in IO-cost. We make a significant step forward in our understanding of external-memory, oblivious sorting algorithms. Not only do we construct a comparison-based, external-memory oblivious sorting algorithm that is optimal in IO-cost, our algorithm is also cache-agnostic in that the algorithm need not know the storage hierarchy's internal parameters such as the cache and cache-line sizes. Our result immediately implies a cache-agnostic ORAM construction whose asymptotic IO-cost matches the best known cache-aware scheme. Last but not the least, we propose and adopt a new and stronger security notion for external-memory, oblivious algorithms and argue that this new notion is desirable for resisting possible cache-timing attacks. Thus our work also lays a foundation for the study of oblivious algorithms in the cache-agnostic model.