gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STDP and STDP variations with memristors for spiking neuromorphic learning systems (2013)

In this paper we review several ways of realizing asynchronous Spike-Timing-Dependent-Plasticity (STDP) using memristors as synapses. Our focus is on how to use individual memristors to implement synaptic weight multiplications, in a way such that it is not necessary to (a) introduce global synchronization and (b) to separate memristor learning phases from memristor performing phases. In the approaches described, neurons fire spikes asynchronously when they wish and memristive synapses perform computation and learn at their own pace, as it happens in biological neural systems. We distinguish between two different memristor physics, depending on whether they respond to the original "moving wall" or to the "filament creation and annihilation" models. Independent of the memristor physics, we discuss two different types of STDP rules that can be implemented with memristors: either the pure timing-based rule that takes into account the arrival time of the spikes from the pre- and the post-synaptic neurons, or a hybrid rule that takes into account only the timing of pre-synaptic spikes and the membrane potential and other state variables of the post-synaptic neuron. We show how to implement these rules in cross-bar architectures that comprise massive arrays of memristors, and we discuss applications for artificial vision.
Flow cytometric analysis of neutrophils in cows’ milk (1993)

Procedures were developed to count neutrophils in milk, using a flow cytometer. Milk samples from 2 experiments were counted: 1 with 4 noninfected cows and a second with 5 noninfected cows that were injected with endotoxin in 2 mammary quarters. Thus, the procedures were evaluated on normal milk and on that with high somatic cell count. Flow cytometric procedures involved fluorescence detection (from the dye carboxydimethylfluorescein diacetate) to distinguish intact and viable from fragmented cells, forward light scatter to detect cell size differences, and right-angle side scatter to detect cellular granularity. High fluorescence, large size, and high degree of granularity identified viable neutrophils. For all samples, neutrophils were also counted manually, using the cytologic centrifugation approach to create the slides; manual counts were used as the standard for comparison. In experiment 1 (normal milk), mean values for percentage of viable neutrophils estimated by manual and flow cytometry procedures agreed closely (26% vs 25.8% for foremilk and 28.8% vs 26.6% for bucket milk). Sources of variation in manual and flow cytometric estimates of percentage of neutrophils were examined. Cow variation was significant (P < 0.01) for manual and flow cytometric counts, but was larger for flow cytometric counts. Day-to-day variation in counts on milk from the same cow was negligible for manual counts, but was significant (P < 0.01) for flow cytometric counts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Menopause symptoms and quality of life in women aged 45 to 65 years with and without breast cancer (2005)

The prevalence of menopause symptoms was similar in women with and without breast cancer. Sexual activity was less frequent in women with breast cancer. Quality of life was good in women from both groups, although women with breast cancer had the highest level of physical functioning.
Activated rat T cells synthesize and express functional major histocompatibility class II antigens. (1995)

In the present report, we studied the presence and functional significance of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen on rat T cells. Most rat T-cell lines cultured in vitro were found to be MHC class II+. Also, these T-cell lines were shown to synthesize MHC class II molecules. Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric double stainings for T-cell receptor (TCR) and MHC class II showed that in vivo as well a large proportion of T cells was MHC class II+. The immunohistochemical staining of spleen sections enabled us to characterize the MHC class II+ and MHC class II- T cells. It was shown that resting T cells in vivo were MHC class II-. In contrast, activated T cells, as determined by their localization in the marginal zone of the spleen, proved to be MHC class II+. Finally, T-cell clones were found to be able to present peptidic antigens, but could only poorly present more complex exogenous antigens, probably due to inefficient uptake of such antigens. These features would endow activated rat T cells with the capacity to present cell-specific self-proteins, such as TCR, to regulatory CD4+ MHC class II-restricted T cells, as was described by our group elsewhere.
Physiological Obstacles after Xenotransplantation (1998)

The incompatibility of allografts is restricted to immunologic factors such as the MHC class I and class II antigens. Anatomic, physiological, and biochemical characteristics are identical. This is completely different in xenografts. The upright position of man is unique in nature. Gravity therefore exerts a different impact on the anatomic situation of organs such as lung, heart, liver, and kidney. More pronounced are differences on the humoral and enzymatic basis. Complex interactions existing in allografts are totally disturbed in xenogeneic situations. Up- and downregulation controlled by releasing factors on the one hand and inhibitors on the other must be species-specific. These actions of mainly proteases are both fast and in most cases depend on species-specific receptors. Examples are growth hormones which could stimulate the xenografts to unrestricted growth, as in pig hearts in the human patient. Enzymes not metabolized by the liver would constantly stimulate mechanisms to a level that is not compatible with life, and other reactions could be more expressed in the donor species than in man and thus disturb these interactions. Products like albumin are carriers for other molecules and need to be compatible for binding sites. Pig and human albumin have an amino acid identity of less than 65% erythropoetin (EPO) of less than 82%, and complement of less than 70%. All factors are obviously without specific function in the future recipient, the human patient. In contrast, pig complement would, as a foreign molecule, induce the alternative complement pathway in the human recipient, leading to unknown side effects. It is not sufficiently investigated whether under such physiological and anatomic differences a long-term survival of xenograft or recipient is possible--a chain is as strong as its weakest link.
The standardization of message sequence charts (2002)

The most relevant issues of the standardization of the Message Sequence Chart (MSC) language within the CCITT Study Group X are discussed. The history of the new MSC recommendation Z.120 is sketched. Different types of diagrams which are closely related to MSCs are compared, since they build the basis for the MSC language. The authors distinguished these diagrams from the standardized MSC language by using the term sequence charts (SCs). Subsequently, the MSC language is introduced and several approaches towards a forthcoming formal MSC semantics are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effects of Limiting the Number of Nucleus 22 Cochlear Implant Electrodes Programmed on Speech Perception (1992)

The purpose of this double-blind study was to evaluate systematically the effects of varying programmed electrodes on speech perception. The performance of five subjects implanted with the Nucleus 22-electrode cochlear implant was compared on the Four-Choice Spondee test, the Central Institute for the Deaf Sentence test, and Speech Tracking across the following conditions: (1) five most apical electrodes eliminated from the subject's MAP (stimulus parameters); (2) five most basal electrodes eliminated from subject's MAP; (3) the middle five electrodes eliminated from subject's MAP; and (4) subject's current MAP. Statistically significant differences were found for the Four-Choice Spondee test and both the auditory-only and auditory-plus-lipreading Speech Tracking measures. Three subjects demonstrated poorer performance on all test measures when the five electrodes from the apical portion of the array were not programmed. Two subjects performed equally well, regardless of MAP condition. Group means for all test measures present a trend of consistently poorer performance when the -5 Apex MAPs were utilized. A subjective rating scale was consistent with the perceptual tests, with all subjects best liking their current MAP and least liking the -5 Apex MAP. Results suggest that for some subjects, a fixed place code may control their ability to use spectral information for speech discrimination. For these subjects, first formant information (F1) traditionally coded on the most apical electrodes could not be utilized as effectively when coded on the adjacent middle electrodes.
New developments in amorphous thin-film silicon solar cells (1999)

Thin-film silicon solar cells usually contain amorphous silicon layers made by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). This CVD method has the advantage that large-area devices can be manufactured at a low processing temperature, thus facilitating low-cost solar cells on glass, metal foil, or polymer foil. In order to obtain higher conversion efficiencies while keeping the manufacturing cost low, a new development is to introduce low bandgap materials in a multijunction device structure. A frequently used low bandgap material is amorphous silicon-germanium. Record initial efficiencies in excess of 15% have been reported for triple-junction solar cells comprising these alloys. In this paper, we present a novel manufacturing method for amorphous silicon based tandem cells suitable for roll-to-roll production.
<title>Binary Format for Scene (BIFS): combining MPEG-4 media to build rich multimedia services</title> (1998)

In this paper, we analyze the design concepts and some technical details behind the MPEG-4 standard, particularly the scene description layer, commonly known as the Binary Format for Scene (BIFS). We show how MPEG-4 may ease multimedia proliferation by offering a unique, optimized multimedia platform. Lastly, we analyze the potential of the technology for creating rich multimedia applications on various networks and platforms. An e-commerce application example is detailed, highlighting the benefits of the technology. Compression results show how rich applications may be built even on very low bit rate connections.
Fabrication of Carbon Supported 2D Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Biosensor, Electrocatalysis, Photocatalytic Activity, and Energy Storage Devices (2021)

Video Article Open Access Fabrication of Carbon Supported 2D Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Biosensor, Electrocatalysis, Photocatalytic Activity, and Energy Storage Devices Shen-Ming Chen Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan Vid. Proc. Adv. Mater., Volume 2, Article ID 2021-0154 (2021) DOI: 10.5185/vpoam.2021.0154 Publication Date (Web): 24 Jan 2021 Copyright © IAAM Abstract PDF
Construction of Intramolecular Luciferase Complementation Probe for Detecting Specific RNA (2007)

Intermolecular enzyme complementation assay is a useful method for detecting protein-protein interactions. Specifically, bioluminescent signals produced from reconstructed split luciferase fragments are powerful tools for in vivo analysis because the bioluminescent signals have been visualized both in cultured cells and living animals. However, they are limited for detection and evaluation of biological events relevant to intermolecular protein-protein interactions. In this study, we constructed an intramolecular luciferase complementation probe for detecting target biomolecules other than protein-protein interactions. It consists of peptide-inserted firefly luciferase (PI-FLuc) containing a short peptide between internally divided firefly luciferase. The inserted short peptide triggers FLuc complementation or discomplementation and subsequent reactivation or inactivation of FLuc activity through its induced fit conformational changes. We chose RNA binding arginine rich motif (ARM) peptides, Rev and/or Tat, for model peptide insertion, and expressed constructed PI-FLuc probe variants using a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system. They showed FLuc activity changes, reactivation, or inactivation after binding to their specific RNA targets. Furthermore, to expand the versatility of the PI-FLuc RNA detection system, we designed split-RNA probes built to reform the ARM peptide binding site in the presence of arbitrarily selected target-RNA. As a result, the target RNA was homogeneously detected by FLuc luminescent signals mediated by a cooperative function of the PI-FLuc and split-RNA probe sets.
Analysis of Some Measurement Issues in Bushing Power Factor Tests in the Field (2006)

The power factor measurement is widely used in the evaluation of bushing insulation conditions in the field. Some measurement issues occur in the field tests which give abnormal readings of bushing C/sub 1/ and/or C/sub 2/ power factors. This paper provides an engineering analysis of the possible measurement issues in the bushing field tests such as testing a bushing on a transformer or in its shipping crate, or a bushing with wet/contaminated voltage/test tap or wet/dirty porcelain surface.
Susceptibility of <i>Campylobacter pylori </i>to the Newer Cephalosporin Antibiotics (1989)

The susceptibility of 23 strains (pediatric and adult) of Campylobacter pylori to eight cephalosporin antibiotics was determined. All strains were sensitive to cefoxitin, cefuroxime, ceftizoxime, latamoxef, and ceftriaxone. Ceftazidime and cefoperazone showed only moderate activity against C. pylori. C. pylori was resistant to cefsulodin.
Limitations of Using a Single Postdose Midazolam Concentration to Predict CYP3A‐Mediated Drug Interactions (2008)

Midazolam is a common probe used to predict CYP3A activity, but multiple blood samples are necessary to determine midazolam's area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). As such, single sampling strategies have been examined. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of single midazolam concentrations to predict midazolam AUC in the presence and absence of CYP3A modulation by Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE). Subjects received oral midazolam 8 mg before and after 28 days of GBE administration. Postdose blood samples were collected during both study periods and midazolam AUC determined. Linear regression was used to generate measures of predictive performance for each midazolam concentration. The geometric mean ratio (90% confidence intervals) of midazolam AUC(0-infinity) post-GBE/AUC(0-infinity) pre-GBE was 0.66 (0.49-0.84) (P = .03). Before and after GBE administration, optimal midazolam sampling times were identified at 3.5 to 5 hours and 2 to 3 hours, respectively. Single midazolam concentrations between 2 and 5 hours correctly predicted the reduction in midazolam AUC following GBE exposure, but confidence intervals were generally wide. Intersubject variability in CYP3A activity (either inherent or from drug administration) alters the prediction of optimal midazolam sampling times; therefore, midazolam AUC is preferred for assessing CYP3A activity in drug-drug interaction studies.
THE EFFECT OF PASTEURIZATION ON LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES (1958)

Using the so-called holding technique of pasteurization (61.7 °C., 35 minutes) it was shown that when known numbers of viable Listeria monocytogenes are added to samples of fresh sterile milk, organisms may be recovered whenever the initial number of bacteria added is 5 × 10 4 /ml. or greater. No significant differences in heat resistance among representatives of various Listeria monocytogenes was observed. After 48 hours at room temperature (22 °C.) survivors multiply in such "pasteurized" milk and viable bacterial counts reach 10 8 per ml. without producing any grossly detectable changes in the milk or suspicious odors.
Distributed Planning of Multi-Segment Soft Robotic Arms (2018)

This paper presents a distributed kinematic planning algorithm for the end-effector of a multi-segment soft robotic arm to reach the goal position in both 2D and 3D spaces. The planning algorithm runs sequentially from the proximal to the distal segments. For each segment, the planning algorithm only requires the information about the position of itself, the end-effector, and the goal. The 2D planning of each segment is parameterized by a bending angle and an inflation ratio, which are determined by checking the overall geometry of the residual arm and the goal position. The same concept is extended to 3D planning, where parameters include inflation ratio, azimuth angle, and elevation angle for each segment. It is demonstrated in this paper that physical limits of the arm and challenging goal position could lead to failure in goal reaching. To account for this, an iterative learning function is proposed, which allows each segment to learn from past trials and be proactive for goal reaching. The proposed distributed planning algorithm, with iterative learning, demonstrates strong scalability, low computation cost, and robust goal reaching performance. Moreover, it does not need training data to pre-learn the configuration of the arm, which makes the algorithm highly applicable to a wide range of multi-segment soft and continuum robots. Both 2D and 3D simulation results are provided to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Automated method for L-carnitine determination. (1976)

Because of renewed interest in a possible connection between carnitine, lipid disorders, and myopathy, an automated method of analysis is desirable. Deproteinization of serum by use of membrane filter cones and automated assay with a bichromatic analyzer (the ABA-100) substantially increases efficiency without sacrificing the specificity and accuracy of the original manual enzymatic method. The described procedure allows for analysis of 80 speciments a day and is thus suitable for screening of selected populations. Normal values found in blood sera of adults were in the range of 25.0-73.8 mu mol/liter and the method has sufficient sensitivity to accurately measure concentrations as small as 10 mu mol/liter.
Information Requirements in the Social Sciences: Some Preliminary Considerations (1969)

Information requirements in the social sciences are almost entirely unexplored. I shall argue that exploration is desirable; discuss some of the reasons why this is so; attempt an analysis of the factors to be investigated; and consider some possible methods of investigation. This article is an early by-product of the Investigation into Information Requirements of the Social Sciences, being carried out by two researcbers under my direction, and supported by the Office for Scientific and Technical Information. It is based on the Report on the Pre liminary Stage, presented to OSTI in April, 1968.
Using gas mixtures of CO, CO <sub>2</sub> and H <sub>2</sub> as microbial substrates: the do's and don'ts of successful technology transfer from laboratory to production scale (2018)

The reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions is a global effort which is not only supported by the society and politicians but also by the industry. Chemical producers worldwide follow the strategic goal to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by replacing existing fossil-based production routes with sustainable alternatives. The smart use of CO and CO<sub>2</sub> /H<sub>2</sub> mixtures even allows to produce important chemical building blocks consuming the said gases as substrates in carboxydotrophic fermentations with acetogenic bacteria. However, existing industrial infrastructure and market demands impose constraints on microbes, bioprocesses and products that require careful consideration to ensure technical and economic success. The mini review provides scientific and industrial facets finally to enable the successful implementation of gas fermentation technologies in the industrial scale.
Kisspeptin Resets the Hypothalamic GnRH Clock in Men (2011)

As the first known agent capable of resetting the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator, kisspeptin can be used as a physiological tool for studying GnRH pulse generation and opens a door to understanding the mechanisms of biological clocks in general.
False loops through resource sharing (1992)

This paper describes the effects of false loops caused by resource sharing. When a separate controller and data path are constructed, two types of false loops can be distinguished: the ones that go through the controller and the ones that loop around in the data path. The paper describes a model to detect both types of loops during the resource sharing phase. Based on this model an algorithm is described which prevents false loops in the combinatorial network to be constructed, while maintaining as much freedom as possible for the resource sharing. Ezperiments show that the loop-free data-paths do not need more functional units than the ones that contain false loops.
Fluorogenic Dendrons with Multiple Donor Chromophores as Bright Genetically Targeted and Activated Probes (2010)

[Image: see text] We have developed a class of dendron-based fluorogenic dyes (termed dyedrons) comprised of multiple cyanine (Cy3) donors coupled to a single malachite green (MG) acceptor that fluoresce only when the MG is noncovalently but specifically bound to a cognate single chain antibody (scFv). These cell-impermeant dyedrons exploit efficient intramolecular energy transfer from Cy3 donors to stoichiometrically amplify the fluorescence of MG chromophores that are activated by binding to the scFv. These chromophore enhancements, coupled with our optimized scFv, can significantly increase fluorescence emission generated by the dyedron/scFv complex to brightness levels several-fold greater than that for single fluorescent proteins and targeted small molecule fluorophores. Efficient intramolecular quenching of free dyedrons enables sensitive homogeneous (no wash) detection under typical tissue culture conditions, with undetectable nonspecific activation.
Muscle and joint pain : topical anti-inflammatories and analgesics : clinical (2011)

Topical anti-inflammatories and analgesics are ideal for treating localised pain and inflammation affecting soft tissues that are accessible through topical delivery such as the ankle, hip, knee, shoulder or elbow. Topical preparations available in South Africa include gels, lotions, creams, sprays, patches and plasters.
Controlling exchange bias in Fe3O4/FeO composite particles prepared by pulsed laser irradiation (2011)

Spherical iron oxide nanocomposite particles composed of magnetite and wustite have been successfully synthesized using a novel method of pulsed laser irradiation in ethyl acetate. Both the size and the composition of nanocomposite particles are controlled by laser irradiation condition. Through tuning the laser fluence, the Fe3O4/FeO phase ratio can be precisely controlled, and the magnetic properties of final products can also be regulated. This work presents a successful example of the fabrication of ferro (ferri) (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) systems with high chemical stability. The results show this novel simple method as widely extendable to various FM/AFM nanocomposite systems.
Biosense Left Ventricular Electromechanical Mapping (1999)

Biosense is a new technology for left ventricular endocardial mapping and catheter-based intramyocardial therapeutics. The system reconstructs electromechanical maps of the left ventricle without using x-ray fluoroscopy. The 3-dimensional electromechanical maps generated by the system are utilized to precisely identify viable target zones based on integration of endocardial electrical and mechanical signals for online diagnosis of myocardial viability in the catheterization laboratory. It may be used for guidance of radiofrequency ablation and may potentially be used to apply intramyocardial therapy by its integration with a laser fiber for transmyocardial laser revascularization procedures.