gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medical Imaging Informatics: How It Improves Radiology Practice Today (2007)

BGreat case, next case.[ -Private practice radiologists' mantra BFaster, better, cheaper...[ -Business paradigm Radiologists are under pressure to add more value to medical imaging-to provide more educated, accurate, useful, and efficient interpretations in the face of increasingly large and complex imaging studies and to communicate this information quickly and in the most useful manner. The radiology department and radiologist both need to be better, faster, and cheaper.
<i>Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles</i> (1986)

Thermal Radiation and Planck's Postulate. Photons--Particlelike Properties of Radiation. De Broglie's Postulate--Wavelike Properties of Particles. Bohr's Model of the Atom. Schroedinger's Theory of Quantum Mechanics. Solutions of Time-Independent Schroedinger Equations. One-Electron Atoms. Magnetic Dipole Moments, Spin, and Transition Rates. Multielectron Atoms--Ground States and X-Ray Excitations. Multielectron Atoms--Optical Excitations. Quantum Statistics. Molecules. Solids--Conductors and Semiconductors. Solids--Superconductors and Magnetic Properties. Nuclear Models. Nuclear Decay and Nuclear Reactions. Introduction to Elementary Particles. More Elementary Particles. Appendixes.
Nitric Oxide-Induced Homologous Recombination in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Is Promoted by DNA Glycosylases (2002)

Nitric oxide (NO*) is involved in neurotransmission, inflammation, and many other biological processes. Exposure of cells to NO* leads to DNA damage, including formation of deaminated and oxidized bases. Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease-deficient cells are sensitive to NO* toxicity, which indicates that base excision repair (BER) intermediates are being generated. Here, we show that AP endonuclease-deficient cells can be protected from NO* toxicity by inactivation of the uracil (Ung) or formamidopyrimidine (Fpg) DNA glycosylases but not by inactivation of a 3-methyladenine (AlkA) DNA glycosylase. These results suggest that Ung and Fpg remove nontoxic NO*-induced base damage to create BER intermediates that are toxic if they are not processed by AP endonucleases. Our next goal was to learn how Ung and Fpg affect susceptibility to homologous recombination. The RecBCD complex is critical for repair of double-strand breaks via homologous recombination. When both Ung and Fpg were inactivated in recBCD cells, survival was significantly enhanced. We infer that both Ung and Fpg create substrates for recombinational repair, which is consistent with the observation that disrupting ung and fpg suppressed NO*-induced recombination. Taken together, a picture emerges in which the action of DNA glycosylases on NO*-induced base damage results in the accumulation of BER intermediates, which in turn can induce homologous recombination. These studies shed light on the underlying mechanism of NO*-induced homologous recombination.
<i>miR-135a</i> Inhibits Cancer Stem Cell-Driven Medulloblastoma Development by Directly Repressing <i>Arhgef6</i> Expression (2015)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs, which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and play crucial roles in relevant biological and pathological processes. Here, we investigated the putative role of miRNAs in modulating the tumor-initiating potential of mouse medulloblastoma (MB)-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs). We first subjected bona fide highly tumorigenic (HT) CSCs as well as lowly tumorigenic MB CSCs and normal neural stem cells to miRNA profiling, which identified a HT CSC-specific miRNA signature. Next, by cross-checking CSC mRNA/miRNA profiles, we pinpointed miR-135a as a potential tumor suppressor gene, which was strongly downregulated in HT CSCs as well as in the highly malignant experimental tumors derived from them. Remarkably, enforced expression of miR-135a in HT CSCs strongly inhibited tumorigenesis by repressing the miR-135a direct target gene Arhgef6. Considering the upregulation of Arhgef6 in human MBs and its involvement in mediating experimental medulloblastomagenesis, its efficient suppression by miR-135a might make available an effective therapeutic strategy to selectively impair the tumorigenic potential of MB CSCs. Stem Cells 2015;33:1377-1389.
Uninfected Erythrocytes form “Rosettes” Around Plasmodium Falciparum Infected Erythrocytes (1989)

The human malaria parasite, P. falciparum, exhibits cytoadherence properties whereby infected erythrocytes containing mature parasite stages bind to endothelial cells both in vivo and in vitro. Another property of cytoadherence, "rosetting," or the binding of uninfected erythrocytes around an infected erythrocyte, has been demonstrated with a simian malaria parasite P. fragile which is sequestered in vivo in its natural host, Macaca sinica. In the present study we demonstrate that rosetting occurs in P. falciparum. Rosetting in P. falciparum is abolished by protease treatment and reappears on further parasite growth indicating that, as in P. fragile, it is mediated by parasite induced molecules which are protein in nature. P. vivax and P. cynomolgi, which are not sequestered in the host, did not exhibit rosetting. Rosetting thus appears to be a specific property of cytoadherence in malaria parasites.
Scalable discovery of unique column combinations (2013)

The discovery of all unique (and non-unique) column combinations in a given dataset is at the core of any data profiling effort. The results are useful for a large number of areas of data management, such as anomaly detection, data integration, data modeling, duplicate detection, indexing, and query optimization. However, discovering all unique and non-unique column combinations is an NP-hard problem, which in principle requires to verify an exponential number of column combinations for uniqueness on all data values. Thus, achieving efficiency and scalability in this context is a tremendous challenge by itself. In this paper, we devise Ducc, a scalable and efficient approach to the problem of finding all unique and non-unique column combinations in big datasets. We first model the problem as a graph coloring problem and analyze the pruning effect of individual combinations. We then present our hybrid column-based pruning technique, which traverses the lattice in a depth-first and random walk combination. This strategy allows Ducc to typically depend on the solution set size and hence to prune large swaths of the lattice. Ducc also incorporates row-based pruning to run uniqueness checks in just few milliseconds. To achieve even higher scalability, Ducc runs on several CPU cores (scale-up) and compute nodes (scale-out) with a very low overhead. We exhaustively evaluate Ducc using three datasets (two real and one synthetic) with several millions rows and hundreds of attributes. We compare Ducc with related work: Gordian and HCA. The results show that Ducc is up to more than 2 orders of magnitude faster than Gordian and HCA (631x faster than Gordian and 398x faster than HCA). Finally, a series of scalability experiments shows the efficiency of Ducc to scale up and out.
Optical roadstate monitoring for infrastructure-side co-operative traffic safety systems (2008)

This paper describes the preliminary results for detecting slippery road conditions. The detector will be implemented in a larger system intended to increase the safety margin for vehicle drivers, by utilising so-called co-operative driving where infrastructure to vehicle communications operate seamlessly. The ice detection system is based on intensity differences in reflectance for horizontal and vertical polarisation planes. The results show that relative light reflection in the horizontal plane compared to the vertical plane is 59% higher in the case of ice than for dry asphalt. Furthermore, the detector includes a so-called graininess analysis, which provided a 32% reduction in granularity when moving from dry asphalt to ice. Combining these two methods enables a robust and reliable ice/wet road detection application. This paper also briefly describes how the ice detection application can be connected to the overall safespot safety system, its particular relevance and its planned implementation on the test sites.
Plasma levels of the calcium-binding LI leukocyte protein: standardization of blood collection and evaluation of reference intervals in healthy controls (1990)

Release of the calcium-binding protein L1 from blood granulocytes in vitro was found to be strongly influenced by anticoagulants and was accelerated during blood clotting. EDTA effectively inhibited this release. The material of choice for obtaining base-line L1 levels in blood is, therefore, EDTA plasma. Care should be taken to avoid admixture with cells from the buffy coat. The reference interval for L1 concentrations in plasma was established by testing samples from 533 blood donors. The L1 distribution proved in both sexes to be log-normal. The reference interval in females was 90 to 530 micrograms/l, and in males 120 to 660 micrograms/l. A positive correlation was found between the L1 level and the white blood cell count (r = 0.46, p = 0.0001).
The sanitary aspects of warfare in South-Eastern Europe (1918)

Journal Article The sanitary aspects of warfare in South-Eastern Europe Get access W.J.R. Simpson, C.M.G., M.D. W.J.R. Simpson, C.M.G., M.D. Professor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 12, Issue 1, October 1918, Pages 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(18)90043-X Published: 01 October 1918
K-ras is an essential gene in the mouse with partial functional overlap with N-ras [published erratum appears in Genes Dev 1997 Dec 1;11(23):3277] (1997)

Mammalian ras genes are thought to be critical in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation and are mutated in approximately 30% of all human tumors. However, N-ras and H-ras are nonessential for mouse development. To characterize the normal role of K-ras in growth and development, we have mutated it by gene targeting in the mouse. On an inbred genetic background, embryos homozygous for this mutation die between 12 and 14 days of gestation, with fetal liver defects and evidence of anemia. Thus, K-ras is the only member of the ras gene family essential for mouse embryogenesis. We have also investigated the effect of multiple mutations within the ras gene family. Most animals lacking N-ras function and heterozygous for the K-ras mutation exhibit abnormal hematopoietic development and die between days 10 and 12 of embryogenesis. Thus, partial functional overlap appears to occur within the ras gene family, but K-ras provides a unique and essential function.
Understanding how the crowded interior of cells stabilizes DNA/DNA and DNA/RNA hybrids–in silico predictions and in vitro evidence (2009)

Amplification of DNA in vivo occurs in intracellular environments characterized by macromolecular crowding (MMC). In vitro Polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR), however, is non-crowded, requires thermal cycling for melting of DNA strands, primer-template hybridization and enzymatic primer-extension. The temperature-optima for primer-annealing and extension are strikingly disparate which predicts primers to dissociate from template during extension thereby compromising PCR efficiency. We hypothesized that MMC is not only important for the extension phase in vivo but also during PCR by stabilizing nucleotide hybrids. Novel atomistic Molecular Dynamics simulations elucidated that MMC stabilizes hydrogen-bonding between complementary nucleotides. Real-time PCR under MMC confirmed that melting-temperatures of complementary DNA-DNA and DNA-RNA hybrids increased by up to 8 degrees C with high specificity and high duplex-preservation after extension (71% versus 37% non-crowded). MMC enhanced DNA hybrid-helicity, and drove specificity of duplex formation preferring matching versus mismatched sequences, including hair-pin-forming DNA- single-strands.
Continuing Medical Education: The Role of Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy in the Treatment of Pelvic and Genital Pain-Related Sexual Dysfunction (CME) (2008)

Physical therapy treatment of pelvic pain is an integral component of the multidisciplinary approach to CPP and associated sexual dysfunction.
Antitumor effects of SEF19, a new nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumors in rats. (1998)

The antitumor and endocrine effects of a new nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, 2-(imidazol-1-yl)-4,6-dimorphorino-l, 3, 5-triazine (SEF19) were examined in female Sprague-Dawley rats bearing estrogen dependent 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene(DMBA)-induced mammary tumors, and the effects were compared with those of CGS20267. The rats bearing DMBA-induced mammary tumors within 6-15 weeks after the DMBA administration were divided into the treatment groups once a week every week, and they were treated with SEF19, CGS20267 and vehicle for 4 weeks. One hundred rats were sacrificed 4 hours after the last administration, and the remaining 60 rats were sacrificed after a 4-week recovery period. During the treatment and recovery period, the tumor size was generally smaller in the SEF19 and CGS20267-treated subgroups than in the control subgroup. Tumor sizes in the subgroups treated with high doses of SEF19 (25 mg/kg/day and 50 mg/kg/2 days) were reduced to the size of the CGS20267-treated subgroup. The CGS20267-treated rats showed decrease in the serum estradiol level and an increase in the serum testosterone level. Their uterine weights were reduced. SEF19 treatment failed to show any effect on the serum levels of estrone, estradiol, testosterone and androstenedione, but it suppressed uterine weight in a dose-dependent manner. After the recovery period, no effect was detected in the serum concentrations of steroid hormones and the weight of the organs. At every dose used in the present study the aromatase inhibitory activity of SEF19 was weaker than that of CGS20267, but the inhibitory effect on mammary tumor growth of SEF19 at high doses was comparable to that of CGS20267. We conclude that the antitumor effect of SEF19 is not due to aromatase inhibition but mainly to its direct cytotoxicity.
Double Diffusion in Oceanography (1994)

The field of fluid mechanics is rapidly advancing, driven by unprecedented volumes of data from experiments, field measurements, and large-scale simulations at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Machine learning (ML) offers a wealth of techniques to extract ...Read More
Fusion of color and edge information for improved segmentation and edge linking (1997)

We propose a new method for combined color image segmentation and edge linking. The image is first segmented based on color information only. The segmentation map is modeled by a Gibbs random field, to ensure formation of spatially contiguous regions. Next, spatial edge locations are determined using the magnitude of the gradient of the 3-channel image vector field. Finally, regions in the segmentation map are split and merged by a region-labeling procedure to enforce their consistency with the edge map. The boundaries of the final segmentation map constitute a linked edge map. Experimental results are reported.
Interaction of the HIV-1 Rev cofactor eukaryotic initiation factor 5A with ribosomal protein L5 (1998)

It has previously been shown that interaction of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A) with the Rev trans-activator protein of HIV-1 mediates the transport of unspliced or incompletely spliced viral mRNAs across the nuclear envelope. Consequently, mutants of eIF-5A block Rev function and thereby replication of HIV-1 in trans, indicating that eIF-5A is a crucial protein that connects the viral Rev regulator with cellular RNA transport systems. Here we show that the ribosomal protein L5, which is the central protein component of the 5S rRNA export system, is a cellular interaction partner of eIF-5A. Functional studies demonstrate that overexpression of L5 protein significantly enhances Rev activity. Furthermore, Rev nuclear export activity is inhibited in human somatic cells by antibodies that recognize eIF-5A or L5. Our data suggest that the Rev export pathway shares components of a cellular transport system involved in the intracellular trafficking of polymerase III (5S rRNA) transcripts.
Flutter and divergence boundary prediction from nonstationary randomresponses at increasing flow speeds (1985)

A locally statlonary process method for predlctlng the flutter and dlvergence boundarles 1s presented. The method was applled to response slgnals of wing models due to flow turbulence measured in subcrltlcal flutter and dlvergence tests, ln which the dynamlc pressure was increased at a constant speed wlth the Mach number belng f lxed. A long nonstatlonary response record was divided lnto many contiguous equal-short intervals in whrch the response was assumed to be locally stat~onary. The random response was assumed to be represented by the autoregresslve process. The parameters of the process was evaluated by Akaike's automatic estlmatlon procedure. The estlmated values of Jury's stability parameters ln each ~nterval are qulte scattered. It 1s shown, however, that the stablllty boundarles can be predlcted by dra!~lng a stralght llne as the upper slde of an envelope for the scattering estlmated values of the staollity parameters.
Use of bipolar diathermy to prevent posterior capsule opacification (2002)

Directed diathermy has the potential to eliminate secondary cataract formation with minimal damage to collateral tissues.
Scene parsing using a prior world model (2011)

We present a new paradigm for constructing a 3D model of a scene from images. Our approach makes strong use of a prior 3D model of the scene. Changes from scene to scene are regarded as a Markov dynamical system, which is described by a probabilistic transition model. From the prior 3D scene model, the model of scene change dynamics, and a newly acquired image, we compute the new 3D scene model which is most consistent with the observed image and the changes from the prior model. The use of a prior 3D scene model allows the method to deal with complex scenes, maintain hidden state, respect object persistence, perform object segmentation, and provides computational efficiencies. In this paper we formalize a mathematical framework for physically consistent 3D scene models, and changes to scene models that preserve physical consistency. From this framework, we first derive a generic scene model optimization algorithm for the general 3D scene interpretation problem, and we then present a polynomial time approximation for this algorithm. We detail the implementation of the algorithm for range images computed by stereo imaging, and present extensive experimental results on sequences of scenes containing dozens of objects and multiple changes from scene to scene.
Bimetallic and Plasmonic Ag–Au on TiO<sub>2</sub> for Solar Water Splitting: An Active Nanocomposite for Entire Visible‐Light‐Region Absorption (2016)

Abstract The current study demonstrates a potential method for maximum utilization of the entire visible light region of the solar spectrum by designing a plasmonic‐metals semiconductor composite. A combination of Ag+Au nanoclusters would broaden the visible‐light absorption at least between 400 and 650 nm. This hypothesis was evaluated through solar water splitting (SWS) activity of Au–TiO 2 , Ag–TiO 2 , and Ag on Au‐TiO 2 (AgAuT) composites. AgAuT bimetallic nanocomposite shows the maximum apparent quantum yield of 3.3 % with hydrogen generation (718 μmol h.g −1 ) from aqueous methanol, and overall water splitting activity (7 μmol g.h −1 , AQY=0.04 %) under one sun conditions. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of AgAuT is partly attributed to the formation of hot electrons. A thin layer of Ag coating on Au particles leads to a core–shell morphology with Au in the core. Fermi level equilibration between metal and titania, and Schottky junction formation are directly demonstrated. The strong electronic interaction between Ag and Au, and with TiO 2 is evident from its electron rich character and confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and high‐resolution TEM measurements. Electronic factors seem to be responsible for the high rate of hydrogen production.
Synthèse et caractérisation de floculants sélectifs à base de dérivés xanthés de la cellulose et de l'amylose (1978)

International audience
Tick-borne thogoto virus infection in mice is inhibited by the orthomyxovirus resistance gene product Mx1 (1995)

We show that tick-transmitted Thogoto virus is sensitive to interferon-induced nuclear Mx1 protein, which is known for its specific antiviral action against orthomyxoviruses. Influenza virus-susceptible BALB/c mice (lacking a functional Mx1 gene) developed severe disease symptoms and died within days after intracerebral or intraperitoneal infection with a lethal challenge dose of Thogoto virus. In contrast, Mx1-positive congenic, influenza virus-resistant BALB.A2G-Mx1 mice remained healthy and survived. Likewise, A2G, congenic B6.A2G-Mx1 and CBA.T9-Mx1 mice (derived from influenza virus-resistant wild mice) as well as Mx1-transgenic 979 mice proved to be resistant. Peritoneal macrophages and interferon-treated embryo cells from resistant mice exhibited the same resistance phenotype in vitro. Moreover, stable lines of transfected mouse 3T3 cells that constitutively express Mx1 protein showed increased resistance to Thogoto virus infection. We conclude that an Mx1-sensitive step has been conserved during evolution of orthomyxoviruses and suggest that the Mx1 gene in rodents may serve to combat infections by influenza virus-like arboviruses.
Totally synthetic polymer with lectin-like function: induction of killer cells by the copolymer of 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid with N,N-dimethylacrylamide. (2001)

Lectin-like function was demonstrated in this study for a novel water-soluble polymer with phenylboronic acid residues (poly (AAPBA-DMAm)), which induced appreciable proliferation of murine spleen lymphocytes with an increased expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor on their surface. Consequently, boosted proliferation of lymphocytes with cytotoxic action to YAC-1 cells was achieved by concurrent addition of IL-2 with poly(AAPBA-DMAm) in the medium, indicating this boronate-containing polymer to be worked as an effective immuno-adjuvant for the induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Flow-cytofluorimetry study revealed that poly(AAPBA-DMAm) competitively inhibited the cellular binding of N-acetylneuraminic acid-specific lectin (Limax Flavus Agglutinin) in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that phenylboronate moiety in the polymer may recognize N-acetylneur- aminic acid (sialic acid) residues existing on the plasma-membrane surface of lymphocytes to induce their proliferation.
Expression of the Heme Oxygenase-Carbon Monoxide Signalling System in Human Placenta (2000)

Heme oxygenase (HO) catalyses the formation of endogenous carbon monoxide and bilirubin from heme. CO, a potent vasodilator, and bilirubin, an antioxidant may have local actions in the fetal-placental vasculature of the placenta. We sought evidence of expression of the two known isoforms of HO in normal human term placenta using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of messenger ribonucleic acid for HO-1 and HO-2. Immunoreactive proteins of appropriate size for each HO enzyme were identified in placental cell membrane preparations. Immunohistochemistry showed a wide distribution of HO immunoreactivity, including the syncytiotrophoblast layer of placental villi, the endothelium and smooth muscle cells of umbilical-placental blood vessels, and in all layers of the fetal membranes. These data demonstrate the expression of the two known isoforms of HO in human placenta and suggest that endogenous CO and bilirubin may have important roles in the control of placental vascular function.