gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of sucrose synthase as an actin‐binding protein (1998)

Several lines of evidence indicate that sucrose synthase (SuSy) binds both G- and F-actin: (i) presence of SuSy in the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction of microsomal membranes (i.e. crude cytoskeleton fraction); (ii) co-immunoprecipitation of actin with anti-SuSy monoclonal antibodies; (iii) association of SuSy with in situ phalloidin-stabilized F-actin filaments; and (iv) direct binding to F-actin, polymerized in vitro. Aldolase, well known to interact with F-actin, interfered with binding of SuSy, suggesting that a common or overlapping binding site may be involved. We postulate that some of the soluble SuSy in the cytosol may be associated with the actin cytoskeleton in vivo.
Smart Cooling Technology Utilizing Acoustic Streaming (2007)

Acoustic streaming induced by longitudinal vibration at 30 kHz is visualized with particle imaging velocimetry (PIV). To gauge an increase in the velocity of air flow due to acoustic streaming, the velocity of air flow in a gap between the heat source and ultrasonic vibrator is measured using PIV. The ultrasonic wave propagating into air in the gap creates steady-state secondary vortex called acoustic streaming which enhances heat transfer from the heat source to neighboring air. Heat transfer through air in the gap is represented by experimental correlation involving Peclet number and Nusselt number. Theoretical analysis reveals that gaps for maximum heat transfer are the multiple of half wavelength. The acoustic streaming velocity of air in the gap is at maximum when the gap agrees with the multiples of half wavelength of the ultrasonic wave, which are specifically 6 mm and 12 mm. Considering the propagation loss of the ultrasonic wave and acoustic streaming velocity of air in the gap, gaps at which maximum heat transfer occurs are experimentally found to be half wavelength and one wavelength.
Relationship of bacteriophages to alpha toxin production in Clostridium novyi types A and B (1976)

The relationship of specific bacteriophages to the production of the lethal alpha toxin in Clostridium novyi types A and B was investigated. When type A strain 5771 reverted to the phage-sensitive state, it ceased to produce alpha toxin but continued to produce the gamma and epsilon antigens. This "nontoxigenic" culture, therefore, more closely resembled C. botulinum types C and D than the other C. novyi types. Phage-sensitive type B strains also ceased to produce the alpha toxin but continued to produce the beta toxin, and therefore very colesly resembled C. novyi type D (C. haemolyticum). Alpha toxin was again produced when the phage-sensitive cultures were reinfected with the respective tox+ phages. Alpha toxin production could also be induced in the "nontoxigenic" phage-sensitive derivatives from type B strain 8024 by tox+ phages isolated from other strains of type B. tox- phages were also isolated, but they did not affect alpha toxin production. The tox+ phages also caused a marked change in the colonial morphology of type B strains. In this report we present evidence that alpha toxin production by C. novyi type A strain 5771 and type B strain 8024 depends upon the continued presence and participation of specific bacteriophages designated as NA1tox+ and NB1tox+, respectively.
Enhanced atherosclerosis and kidney dysfunction in eNOS–/–Apoe–/– mice are ameliorated by enalapril treatment (2000)

Hypertension and atherosclerosis are each important causes of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. We have investigated the interaction between these conditions by breeding mice that are atherosclerotic due to lack of apolipoprotein (apo) E with mice that are hypertensive due to lack of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The doubly deficient mice (nnee) have higher blood pressure (BP) and increased atherosclerotic lesion size but no change in plasma lipoprotein profiles compared with normotensive but atherosclerotic (NNee) mice. The nnee mice also develop kidney damage, evidenced by increased plasma creatinine, decreased kidney weight/body weight ratio, and glomerular lipid deposition and calcification. Enalapril treatment abolishes the deleterious effects of eNOS deficiency on BP, atherosclerosis, and kidney dysfunction in nnee mice. In striking contrast, a genetic lack of inducible NOS, which does not affect BP, has no effect on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in Apoe(-/-) mice. We also observed a positive relationship between BP and size of atherosclerotic lesions These results suggest that the atherogenic effects of eNOS deficiency can be partially explained by an increase in BP and reemphasize the importance of controlling hypertension in preventing atherosclerosis.
Anabolic Effect of Marine Alga Sargassum Horneri Extract on Bone Components in the Femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal Tissues of Young and Aged Rats in Vivo. (2002)

The effect of Sargassum horneri on bone components in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues of young and aged rats was investigated. Rats were orally administered a water-solubilized extract (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/100 g body weight) of S. horneri once a day for 7 or 14 days. Calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues of young male (4 weeks old) rats was significantly increased by the administration of S. horneri extract (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/100 g) for 7 days. Moreover, these bone components in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues of aged female (50 weeks old) rats were significantly increased by the administration of S. horneri extract (10 mg/100 g) for 14 days. Meanwhile, body weight and serum calcium, zinc and inorganic phosphorus concentrations of female aged rats were not significantly altered by the administration of S. horneri extract (10 mg/ 100 g) for 14 days. The present study demonstrates that the oral intake of the water-solubilized extract of S. horneri can exhibit an anabolic effect on bone components of young rats in vivo, and that this effect is also seen in aged rats. The intake of S. horneri extract may have a preventive effect on bone loss with increasing age.
A cotyledon regulatory region is responsible for the different spatial expression patterns of <i>Arabidopsis</i> 2S albumin genes (1994)

The 2S albumin genes of Arabidopsis thaliana are a model system to study gene expression during late embryogenesis. The at2S1 gene has previously been shown to be expressed essentially in the embryo axis, unlike at2S2, which is expressed throughout the embryo. Hybrid promoter constructs between at2S1 and at2S2 were introduced into Arabidopsis and used to identify a cotyledon regulatory region necessary for 2S albumin expression in palisade parenchyma and specific epidermal cells. Other promoter sequences flanking this tissue-specific promoter element were shown to control mRNA expression levels independently of the mRNA distribution throughout the embryos. Certain hybrid promoters resulted in the alteration of the time course of expression in cotyledons. Differential expression of 2S albumin genes is discussed in terms of layered cellular organization and mitotic activity throughout the embryo.
Inverse convolution filters (1962)

Abstract The difficult problem of trying to locate stratigraphic traps with the reflection seismograph would be simplified (at least in good record areas) if it were possible to perform the inverse of the reflection process, i.e., to "divide out" the reflection wavelet of which the record is composed, leaving only the impulses representing the reflection coefficients. This process has been discussed by Robinson under the title "predictive decomposition, " but his approach requires that the basic composition wavelet be a one-sided, damped, minimum-phase time function. Most seismic wavelets which we observe or are accustomed to working with (e.g. the symmetric Ricker wavelet) are not of this class. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a digital computer approach to the problem. Finite, bounded inverse filter functions are obtained which will reduce seismic wave forms to best approximations to the unit impulse in the least squares sense. The degree of approximation obtained depends upon the time length of the inverse filter. Inverse filter functions of moderate length produce approximate unit impulses whose breadths are 50% or less than those of the original wavelets. Hence, these filters will increase resolution well beyond the practical limits of instrumental filters. Their effectiveness is more or less sensitive to variations in the peak frequency and shape of the composition wavelet, and to interference, depending upon individual conditions. Although this sensitivity problem can be solved to some extent through the proper design of the inverse filter, it is aggravated by the usual lack of knowledge about the form of the composition wavelet.
Endothelin receptor antagonists in pulmonary arterial hypertension (2008)

The endothelin (ET) system, especially ET-1 and the ET(A) and ET(B) receptors, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Together with prostanoids and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, ET receptor antagonists have become mainstays in the current treatment of PAH. Three substances are currently available for the treatment of PAH. One of these substances, bosentan, blocks both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors, whereas the two other compounds, sitaxsentan and ambrisentan, are more selective blockers of the ET(A) receptor. There is ongoing debate as to whether selective or nonselective ET receptor blockade is advantageous in the setting of PAH, although there is no clear evidence that receptor selectivity is relevant with regard to the clinical effects of these drugs. For the time being, other features, such as safety profiles and the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions with other drugs used in the treatment of PAH, may be more important than selectivity or nonselectivity when selecting treatments for individual patients.
Phase I Evaluation of Low-Dose Suramin as Chemosensitizer of Doxorubicin in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Cancers (2006)

A fixed, low-dose suramin regimen yields the desired target plasma concentrations in most dogs, and appears to enhance the activity of doxorubicin without enhancing toxicity.
An Efficient, Regioselective, Versatile Synthesis of N-Fused 2- and 3-Aminoimidazoles via Ugi-Type Multicomponent Reaction Mediated by Zirconium(IV) Chloride in Polyethylene Glycol-400 (2009)

An Ugi-type multicomponent reaction of heterocyclic amidines with aldehydes and isocyanides catalyzed by zirconium(IV) chloride in PEG-400 was developed. The protocol offers the rapid, environment friendly, regioselective and versatile synthesis of medicinally important N-fused 2- and 3-aminoimidazoles in good to high yields. The combination of catalyst and solvent, that was judiciously explored, was crucial for regioselectivity and versatility of the method.
3D Sound Source Localization and Sound Mapping using a PU Sensor Array (2010)

This article considers the application of an array of pressure and particle velocity sensors to acoustical source localization. This approach can r emove a number of disadvantages of the traditional aeroacoustical testing methods because particle velocity sensors are sensitive to the angle of incidence of the incoming sound and whereas pressure sensors are not. Hence, pressure-particle velocity (p-u) arrays tend to hav e a sharper main lobe in the lower frequency range where the phase differences between pressure sensors are small. In the higher frequency range, phased pressure arrays tend to exhibit side-lobes due to aliasing if the sensor spacing is too large. This aliasing prob lem can be alleviated by using particle velocity sensors such that the sources do not need to be localized from phase differences alone. This article describes p-u based source loca lization techniques and the experimental validation of these techniques in an anechoic envir onment using 24 loudspeakers. Various configurations of sensors and source localization m ethods are studied. The spectra of the sources are determined for each of these cases and the results are compared to the actual spectra and to the determined spectrum using a phased pressure array, showing the advantages and limitations of this new approach.
Effect of ablation on local activation intervals and dominant frequencies of fibrillation (2007)

Activation frequencies of tachyarrhythmias may guide production of high-quality ablation lesions. To examine this in rabbit ventricles, frequencies from bipolar potentials adjacent to a continuous and transmural lesion were analyzed with a time-domain algorithm and FFT. Time-domain analysis produced greater variability among frequencies compared with dominant frequencies from the FFT. With either time-domain or FFT, frequency distributions were different after vs. before ablation. Means of frequencies had equal probability to increase or decrease, while standard deviations decreased after production of a continuous and transmural lesion. Thus, both the time-domain method and FFTs indicate reduced variation of activation frequencies by ablation.
Use of phase-noisy laser fields in the storage of optical pulse shapes in inhomogeneously broadened absorbers (1991)

It has been demonstrated [see, e.g., W.R. Babbitt and T. W. Mossberg, Opt. Commun. 65, 185 (1988)] that coherent optical processes can be employed to store and reproduce temporal sequences of optical data, thereby providing a mechanism for advanced optical memories. We find that excitation pulse phase noise can be used to extend the range of experimental conditions under which the storage process is effective and discuss the use of phase noise to achieve secure data storage.
Adaptive MIMO decision feedback equalization for receivers with time-varying channels (2005)

In an attempt to reduce the computational complexity of vertical Bell Labs layered space time (V-BLAST) processing with time-varying channels, an efficient adaptive receiver is developed based on the generalized decision feedback equalizer (GDFE) architecture. The proposed receiver updates the filter weight vectors and detection order using a recursive least squares (RLS)-based time- and order-update algorithm. The convergence of the algorithm is examined by analysis and simulation, and it is shown that the proposed adaptive technique is considerably simpler to implement than a V-BLAST processor with channel tracking, yet the performances are almost comparable.
Enhanced color flow imaging of breast cancer vasculature: continuous wave Doppler and three-dimensional display (1992)

Two methods of potentially improving the detection and assessment of breast cancer vasculature by color flow Doppler ultrasonography were studied. Use of continuous wave (CW) Doppler imaging was one method evaluated by a comparison of system sensitivity to small vessel flow by continuous wave and pulsed Doppler methods. The second technique demonstrated color flow image acquisition and three-dimensional (3D) display. Six breast cancer patients were examined with both a color flow pulsed system and a CW Doppler system employing a hand-held transmitter-receiver pair with crossed-beam patterns. The CW unit consistently revealed more regions of tumor flow and multidirectional flow. Good 3D displays were achieved on larger pulsatile vessels, from images obtained during systole and selected for minimal noise.
Depression and Cognitive Complaints Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2009)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common occurrence with multiple possible neuropsychiatric sequelae, including problems with cognition, emotion, and behavior. While many individuals experience significant improvement over the first months following mild TBI, a nontrivial minority will develop persistent, functionally impairing post-TBI symptoms. Depression and cognitive impairment are among the most common such symptoms, and they may respond to a combination of rehabilitative and pharmacologic treatments. This article discusses the clinical approach to treating an individual with depression and cognitive complaints following mild TBI. Recommendations regarding the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of these problems are offered.
NHC‐Containing Manganese(I) Electrocatalysts for the Two‐Electron Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> (2014)

The synthesis and characterization of the first catalytic manganese N-heterocyclic carbene complexes are reported: MnBr(N-methyl-N'-2-pyridylbenzimidazol-2-ylidine)(CO)3 and MnBr(N-methyl-N'-2-pyridylimidazol-2-ylidine)(CO)3. Both new species mediate the reduction of CO2 to CO following two-electron reduction of the Mn(I) center, as observed with preparative scale electrolysis and verified with (13)CO2. The two-electron reduction of these species occurs at a single potential, rather than in two sequential steps separated by hundreds of millivolts, as is the case for previously reported MnBr(2,2'-bipyridine)(CO)3. Catalytic current enhancement is observed at voltages similar to MnBr(2,2'-bipyridine)(CO)3.
Targeted disruption of the murine dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase gene ( <i>Dld</i> ) results in perigastrulation lethality (1997)

The Dld gene product, known as dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase or the E3 component, catalyzes the oxidation of dihydrolipoyl moieties of four mitochondrial multienzyme complexes: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase, and the glycine cleavage system. Deficiency of E3 activity in humans results in various degrees of neurological dysfunction and organic acidosis caused by accumulation of branched-chain amino acids and lactic acid. In this study, we have introduced a null mutation into the murine Dld gene (Dldtm1mjp). The heterozygous animals are shown to have approximately half of wild-type activity levels for E3 and all affected multienzyme complexes but are phenotypically normal. In contrast, the Dld-/- class dies prenatally with apparent developmental delay at 7.5 days postcoitum followed by resorption by 9.5 days postcoitum. The Dld-/- embryos cease to develop at a time shortly after implantation into the uterine wall when most of the embryos have begun to gastrulate. This null phenotype provides in vivo evidence for the requirement of a mitochondrial oxidative pathway during the perigastrulation period. Furthermore, the early prenatal lethal condition of the complete deficiency state may explain the low incidence of detectable cases of E3 deficiency in humans.
Head and neck cancer (2016)

This chapter discusses head and neck cancers, and covers the epidemiology and molecular biology of head and neck cancer. Head and neck cancer is a heterogeneous disease and most commonly caused by tobacco and alcohol use, as well as high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV-negative and -positive HNSCC are demographically, biologically and clinically distinct entities with more favourable outcomes associated with HPV-positive tumours of the oropharynx. Comprehensive genomic analyses show that more functional loss of tumour suppressors are present in HPV-negative tumours compared to HPV-positive tumours. Furthermore, HNSCC can be molecularly characterized into five subtypes. The challenges facing future investigations are efficient translation of these biological findings into clinically meaningful advancements in patient treatment.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Bound Nickel(I) Complexes and Their Roles in Catalysis (2011)

New paramagnetic Ni(I)(IMes)(2)X (IMes: 1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene) were prepared from the reaction of Ni(IMes)(2) with aryl halides. Products that would arise from oxidative addition were not observed. In contrast, Ni(II)(tmiy)(2)(X)(Ar) was formed from the oxidative addition of aryl halides to Ni bound by a sterically-less hindered NHC ligand, tmiy (tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene). The paramagnetic Ni(I)(IMes)(2)X complexes were compared to known Ni(0) and Ni(II) catalysts for Kumada and Suzuki coupling reactions. Stoichiometric reactions between the Ni(I)(IMes)(2)X complexes with aryl halides and transmetallating agents were also evaluated.
Software-based implementations of updateable data structures for high-speed URL matching (2010)

URL matching is used in many network applications, including URL blacklisting, URL-based forwarding and URL shortening services. These applications need fast URL queries and updates, thus requiring an efficient updateable data structure. As the processing power of general-purpose multi-core processors increases, software-based approaches are better able to meet the speed requirements of URL matching. In this paper, we present our preliminary performance study of finite-automata- and hash-based URL matching implementations on commodity PCs. The impacts of the cache and memory allocation methods are discussed.
A study of the cyclodextrin complexes of flavonoids and azodyes by thin layer chromatography. Part II. Hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrins (2000)

2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (1) was recently advocated for general solubility enhancement in pharmacy. In view of this, data are presented of the behaviour of flavonoids, azodyes and other compounds in adsorption chromatography on cellulose layers eluted with aqueous solvents containing various concentrations of 1. The results show that elution is not very different from that previously observed with β-cyclodextrin except that complete elution of many compounds can be obtained with high concentrations (10–20%) of 1. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conclusion: Social Capital and the Quality of Life in Nevada (2006)

Our contributors have presented data and analyses which bring up questions Nevadans need to raise when they talk about the kind of home we want Nevada to be. We must take seriously their findings, their recommendations, and their pleas for help. These social indicators must be re-visited periodically. We make a beginning today, but we need to sustain public discussion of these problems of poor social capital in our home town and home state. Aristotle mentioned that a large number of people in one place does not make a community – practices, customs, institutions, and a shared moral culture change a lot of people into fellow citizens in a community. We are the raw materials, but we have not yet done enough community-building. Nevada, or Las Vegas, may market itself as enticing, amoral, and libertarian, but behind the stage-settings, we lack not only the physical but also what I call the “moral infrastructure” we need to live safely and fruitfully together.
Impact of Micromechanics on the Linewidth and Chirp Performance of MEMS-VCSELs (2007)

This paper studies the effects of microforces on micromachined active Fabry-Peacuterot laser cavities. A simple mechanical model is established to analyze the influence of these microforces on the microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-realization of the Bragg mirrors inside a microcavity. The presence of thermal noise of the MEMS structure directly influences the linewidth and wavelength stability of MEMS lasers. Other microforces, such as radiation pressure, radiometric pressure, and length extension due to thermal heating also determine the wavelength stability during dynamic operation, leading to a micromechanic chirp component. The theoretical analysis is compared directly with the experimental data obtained from measurements with a MEMS vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (MEMS-VCSEL). The results are in agreement with the data predicted by the modeling and prove the viability of the approach