gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous-Wave Operation of a Frequency-Tunable 460-GHz Second-Harmonic Gyrotron for Enhanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2010)

The design, operation, and characterization of a continuous-wave (CW) tunable second-harmonic 460-GHz gyrotron are reported. The gyrotron is intended to be used as a submillimeter-wave source for 700-MHz nuclear magnetic resonance experiments with sensitivity enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization. The gyrotron operates in the whispering-gallery mode TE(11,2) and has generated 16 W of output power with a 13-kV 100-mA electron beam. The start oscillation current measured over a range of magnetic field values is in good agreement with theoretical start currents obtained from linear theory for successive high-order axial modes TE(11,2,q). The minimum start current is 27 mA. Power and frequency tuning measurements as a function of the electron cyclotron frequency have also been carried out. A smooth frequency tuning range of 1 GHz was obtained for the operating second-harmonic mode either by magnetic field tuning or beam voltage tuning. Long-term CW operation was evaluated during an uninterrupted period of 48 h, where the gyrotron output power and frequency were kept stable to within ±0.7% and ±6 ppm, respectively, by a computerized control system. Proper operation of an internal quasi-optical mode converter implemented to transform the operating whispering-gallery mode to a Gaussian-like beam was also verified. Based on the images of the gyrotron output beam taken with a pyroelectric camera, the Gaussian-like mode content of the output beam was computed to be 92% with an ellipticity of 12%.
Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl acetylacetonate complexes of iron(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II). Convenient synthetic entries to mono-.eta.5-C5Me5 derivatives (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPentamethylcyclopentadienyl acetylacetonate complexes of iron(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II). Convenient synthetic entries to mono-.eta.5-C5Me5 derivativesEmilio E. Bunel, Luis. Valle, and Juan M. ManriquezCite this: Organometallics 1985, 4, 9, 1680–1682Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/om00128a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1864Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (444 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cooling-Rate Dependence for the Spin-Glass Ground-State Energy: Implications for Optimization by Simulated Annealing (1986)

The zero-temperature ground-state properties of five spin-glass models have been studied as a function of the cooling rate $r=\frac{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\Delta}T}{t}$. Here $\ensuremath{\Delta}T$ is the temperature decrement and $t$ is the time (in Monte Carlo steps) at each temperature $T$. For the 2D $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J$ and Gaussian models, $E(r)={E}_{0}+{C}_{1}{r}^{x}$, where $x\ensuremath{\cong}0.25$, while for the 3D $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J$, a two-layer $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J$, and infinite-range models, $E(r)={E}_{0}\ensuremath{-}{C}_{2}{(\mathrm{inr})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We speculate that this difference is related to the fact that the 2D models are not $\mathrm{NP}$-complete while the other three models are.
Precision Digital Position Encoding For Resonant Scanners (1984)

Presented is a versatile precision digital encoding technique for mechanical resonant scanners. Described is it's application to electronic correction of the sinusoidal scan pattern traced. To contrast the flexibility of the electronic encoding technique a number of direct correction methods are described.
Inhibiting Aberrant Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Protein Activation with Tetrapodal, Small Molecule Src Homology 2 Domain Binders: Promising Agents against Multiple Myeloma (2013)

The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins represent a family of cytoplasmic transcription factors that regulate a pleiotropic range of biological processes. In particular, Stat3 protein has attracted attention as it regulates the expression of genes involved in a variety of malignant processes, including proliferation, survival, migration, and drug resistance. Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy that often exhibits abnormally high levels of Stat3 activity. Although current treatment strategies can improve the clinical management of MM, it remains uniformly incurable with a dismal median survival time post-treatment of 3-4 years. Thus, novel targeted therapeutics are critically needed to improve MM patient outcomes. We herein report the development of a series of small molecule Stat3 inhibitors with potent anti-MM activity in vitro. These compounds showed high-affinity binding to Stat3's SH2 domain, inhibited intracellular Stat3 phosphorylation, and induced apoptosis in MM cell lines at low micromolar concentrations.
Schwann Cell Type V Collagen Inhibits Axonal Outgrowth and Promotes Schwann Cell Migration via Distinct Adhesive Activities of the Collagen and Noncollagen Domains (2001)

Previously, we reported the cloning of alpha4 type V collagen, a novel member of the collagen type V gene family that is expressed by Schwann cells in developing peripheral nerves (Chernousov et al., 2000). The present study was performed to investigate the effects of this collagen on the adhesion and migration of premyelinating Schwann cells and neurite outgrowth from embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons. Purified alpha4(V)-containing collagen isolated from Schwann cell conditioned medium (collagen type V(SC)) promoted migration of Schwann cells but inhibited outgrowth of axons from rat embryo dorsal root ganglia. Collagen type V(SC) blocked axonal outgrowth in the presence of otherwise active substrates such as collagen type IV, indicative of active inhibition. The noncollagen N-terminal domain of alpha4(V) promoted Schwann cell adhesion, spreading, and migration. These processes were inhibited by soluble heparin but not by function-blocking antibodies against alpha1- and alpha2-integrins. The collagen domain of pepsin-digested collagen type V was poorly adhesive for Schwann cells. The type V collagen domain but not the alpha4(V) N-terminal domain blocked neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion neurons. In cocultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons and Schwann cells, collagen type V(SC) promoted axon fasciculation and association of axons with Schwann cells. These results suggest that in embryonic peripheral nerves, collagen type V(SC) plays a dual role in regulating cell migration. This represents a heretofore unrecognized function of peripheral nerve collagen fibrils in regulating patterns of peripheral nerve growth during development.
Natural language processing in the 1980s: a bibliography (1988)

From the Publisher:
Full bibliographic information on more than 1,700 items by approximately 1,300 different researchers are included in the first comprehensive bibliography of recent work in the rapidly developing field of natural language processing and computational linguistics.
Highly efficient photon-pair source usingperiodically poled lithium niobate waveguide (2001)

A new kind of correlated photon-pair source based on a waveguide integrated on a periodically poled lithium niobate substrate is reported. Using a pump laser of a few µW at 657 nm, photon-pairs are generated/degenerated at 1314 nm. Detecting ~1500 coincidences per second, a conversion rate of 10-6 pairs per pump photon can be inferred, which is four orders of magnitude higher than that obtained with previous bulk sources. These results are very promising for the realisation of sources for quantum communication and quantum metrology experiments requiring a high signal-to-noise ratio or working with more than one photon-pair at a time.
Isolation of IgY from Yolk (2001)

The yolk in hens’ eggs consists of dry matter (51,3 %) and water (48,7 %) in nearly equal proportions (Siewert and Bronch, Handbuch der Tierernährung, 1972; Romanoff und Romanoff, The Avian Egg, 1949). The dry matter is made up as shown in Table 1.
Cheaters, diffusion and nutrients constrain decomposition by microbial enzymes in spatially structured environments (2005)

Abstract Extracellular enzymes allow microbes to acquire carbon and nutrients from complex molecules and catalyse the rate‐limiting step in nutrient mineralization. Because the factors regulating enzyme production are poorly understood, I used a simulation model to examine how competition, nutrient availability and spatial structure affect microbial growth and enzyme synthesis. In simulations where enzyme‐producing microbes competed with cheaters (who do not synthesize enzymes but take‐up product), higher enzyme costs favoured cheaters, while lower rates of enzyme diffusion favoured producers. Cheaters and producers coexisted in highly organized spatial patterns at intermediate enzyme costs and diffusion rates. Simulations with varying nutrient inputs showed that nitrogen supply can limit carbon mineralization, microbial growth and enzyme production because of the nitrogen‐demanding stoichiometry of enzymes (C : N = c. 3.5 : 1). These results suggest that competition from cheaters, slow diffusion and nitrogen limitation may constrain microbial foraging and the enzymatic decomposition of complex compounds in natural environments.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens. (1983)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was developed for the detection of antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens (ATLA). This new method, which is simpler than the currently used indirect immunofluorescence technique, should be useful for mass screening of anti-ATLA antibodies.
Principles for building (1996)

This paper is a practical pocket philosophy of building construction. It sets out a way of thinking about building construction in terms of principles, rules and compensation, and illustrates their application with a range of examples. Its basis lies in reflections on the way things work and the way they fail, and a search for a simple pattern in this. Its aim is to set out a system which by virtue of its simplicity will serve as a guide both to those designing and to those interpreting buildings. The ideas it contains were first set out by Lyall Addleson and the author in Performance of Materials in Buildings (Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1991). The focus of these ideas is those parts of a building which act as containers, separators, and modifiers of environments or, in other words, the construction of the building envelope.
Identification of New Differentially Methylated Genes That Have Potential Functional Consequences in Prostate Cancer (2012)

Many differentially methylated genes have been identified in prostate cancer (PCa), primarily using candidate gene-based assays. Recently, several global DNA methylation profiles have been reported in PCa, however, each of these has weaknesses in terms of ability to observe global DNA methylation alterations in PCa. We hypothesize that there remains unidentified aberrant DNA methylation in PCa, which may be identified using higher resolution assay methods. We used the newly developed Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in PCa (n = 19) and adjacent normal tissues (n = 4) and combined these with gene expression data for identifying new DNA methylation that may have functional consequences in PCa development and progression. We also confirmed our methylation results in an independent data set. Two aberrant DNA methylation genes were validated among an additional 56 PCa samples and 55 adjacent normal tissues. A total 28,735 CpG sites showed significant differences in DNA methylation (FDR adjusted P<0.05), defined as a mean methylation difference of at least 20% between PCa and normal samples. Furthermore, a total of 122 genes had more than one differentially methylated CpG site in their promoter region and a gene expression pattern that was inverse to the direction of change in DNA methylation (e.g. decreased expression with increased methylation, and vice-versa). Aberrant DNA methylation of two genes, AOX1 and SPON2, were confirmed via bisulfate sequencing, with most of the respective CpG sites showing significant differences between tumor samples and normal tissues. The AOX1 promoter region showed hypermethylation in 92.6% of 54 tested PCa samples in contrast to only three out of 53 tested normal tissues. This study used a new BeadChip combined with gene expression data in PCa to identify novel differentially methylated CpG sites located within genes. The newly identified differentially methylated genes may be used as biomarkers for PCa diagnosis.
Role of Electric Stimulation in Bladder Evacuation Following Spinal Cord Transection (1992)

Neural stimulation is potentially a valuable therapeutic tool in the treatment of neurogenic bladder with detrusor areflexia. We studied 20 dogs in different groups, up to eight months, and compared the effect of electric stimulation with intermittent catheterization, specially during spinal shock phase. We found that early stimulation hastened the return of detrusor activity. When stimulation was delayed, the bladder could still regain its activity, and when the pace-maker was turned off, the detrusor activity was gradually decreased. Neurostimulation can completely empty bladder up to eight months. The lowest A.Ch. content in detrusor muscle was found in intermittent catheterization group and in this group the detrusor strips showed marked supersensitivity to urecholine stimulation than the bladders managed by electric stimulation. Also, we found that electric stimulation reduced the complications caused by intermittent catheterization and protected kidney function.
The Tumor Suppressor Gene HIC1 (Hypermethylated in Cancer 1) Is a Sequence-specific Transcriptional Repressor (2004)

HIC1 (hypermethylated in cancer 1) is a tumor suppressor gene located at chromosome 17p13.3, a region frequently hypermethylated or deleted in human tumors and in a contiguous-gene syndrome, the Miller-Dieker syndrome. HIC1 is a transcriptional repressor containing five Krüppel-like C(2)H(2) zinc fingers and an N-terminal dimerization and autonomous repression domain called BTB/POZ. Although some of the HIC1 transcriptional repression mechanisms have been recently deciphered, target genes are still to be discovered. In this study, we determined the consensus binding sequence for HIC1 and investigated its DNA binding properties. Using a selection and amplification of binding sites technique, we identified the sequence 5'-(C)/(G)NG(C)/(G)GGGCA(C)/(A) CC-3' as an optimal binding site. In silico and functional analyses fully validated this consensus and highlighted a GGCA core motif bound by zinc fingers 3 and 4. The BTB/POZ domain inhibits the binding of HIC1 to a single site but mediates cooperative binding to a probe containing five concatemerized binding sites, a property shared by other BTB/POZ proteins. Finally, full-length HIC1 proteins transiently expressed in RK13 cells and more importantly, endogenous HIC1 proteins from the DAOY medulloblastoma cell line, repress the transcription of a reporter gene through their direct binding to these sites, as confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. The definition of the HIC1-specific DNA binding sequence as well as the requirement for multiple sites for optimal binding of the full-length protein are mandatory prerequisites for the identification and analyses of bona fide HIC1 target genes.
Data throughputs using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques in a noise-limited cellular environment (2002)

We present a general framework to quantify the data throughput capabilities of a wireless communication system when it combines: (1) multiple transmit signals; (2) adaptive modulation for each signal; and (3) adaptive array processing at the receiver. We assume a noise-limited environment, corresponding to either an isolated cell or a multicell system whose out-of-cell interference is small compared with the thermal noise. We focus on the user data throughput, in bits per second/Hertz (bps/Hz), and its average over multipath fading, which we call the user spectral efficiency. First, an analysis method is developed to find the probability distribution and mean value of the spectral efficiency over the user positions and shadow fadings, both as a function of user distance from its serving base station and averaged over the cell coverage area. We assume fading conditions and receiver processing that lend themselves to closed-form analysis. The resulting formulas are simple and straightforward to compute, and they provide a number of valuable insights. Next, we run Monte Carlo simulations, both to confirm the analysis and to treat cases less amenable to simple analysis. A key contribution of this paper is a simple formula for the mean spectral efficiency in terms of the propagation exponent, mean signal-to-noise ratio at the cell boundary, number of antennas, and type of coding. Under typical propagation conditions, the mean spectral efficiency using three transmit and three receive antennas ranges from 19.2 bps/Hz (uncoded) to 26.8 bps/Hz (ideally coded), highlighting the potential benefits of multiple transmissions combined with adaptive techniques. This is much higher than the spectral efficiencies for a link using a single transmitter and a threefold receive diversity under the same conditions, where the range is from 8.77 bps/Hz to 11.4 bps/Hz. Moreover, the latter results are not nearly as practical to achieve, as they can for large signal constellations that would be highly vulnerable to impairments.
Determinants of Transcription of the Chorionic Gonadotropin /Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Gene in Human Breast Cells (1999)

Epidemiological evidence suggests that the earlier in life a woman becomes pregnant, the lower her chances for developing breast cancer later in life. This protective effect appears to be due to pregnancy hormone hCG inducing the nonreversible differentiation of proliferative terminal end buds into secretory type lobules. Perhaps this and other actions of hCG are mediated by newly discovered hCG/LH receptors in human breast cells. Thus the hCG actions in breast are potentially important for breast cancer prevention. Because of this importance, we investigated the cis-acting elements and trans-acting proteins that determine the transcription of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor gene in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and normal human breast epithelial HMEC cells. These cells contained major-4.8 and 1.8 kb-and minor-9.0, 6.0, and 1.2 kb-hCG/LH receptor transcripts with significantly higher levels in MCF-7 cells. Nuclear run-on transcription, as well as transfection with a fusion construct of luciferase gene and the -2056 to -1 bp of the 5'-flanking region of hCG/LH receptor gene, revealed that MCF-7 cells were transcriptionally more active than the other breast cells. Sequential deletion of the 5'-flanking region revealed that breast cells contained a promoter at -184 to -1 bp. Electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays demonstrated that breast cell nuclear extracts contained Ap2 and Egr promoter binding proteins. Sp1 was also present, but it could not bind because of competition with Egr for binding to a partially overlapping Egr/Sp1 site. The higher levels of Ap2 and Egr binding proteins may explain higher transcription of hCG/LH receptor gene in MCF-7 cells than in the other breast cells.
New technologies in aquaculture : improving production efficiency, quality and environmental management (2009)

Part 1 Genetic improvement and reproduction: Genome-based technologies for aquaculture research and genetic improvement of aquaculture species Genetic improvement of finfish Genetic variation and selective breeding in hatchery-propagated molluscan shellfish Controlling fish reproduction in aquaculture Producing sterile and single-sex populations of fish for aquaculture Chromosome set manipulation in shellfish. Part 2 Health: Advances in disease diagnosis, vaccine development and other emerging methods to control pathogens in aquaculture: Controlling parasitic diseases in aquaculture: new developments Controlling viral diseases in aquaculture: new developments Diet and husbandry techniques to improving disease resistance: new technologies and prospects. Part 3 Diet and husbandry: Fish larval nutrition and diets: new developments Aquaculture feeds and ingredients: an overview Ingredient evaluation in aquaculture: digestibility, utilisation and other key nutritional parameters Quantifying nutritional requirements in aquaculture: the factorial approach Advances in aquaculture nutrition: catfish, tilapia and carp nutrition Advances in aquaculture feeds and feeding: basses and breams Advances in aquaculture feeds and feeding: salmonids Monitoring viral contamination in shellfish growing areas Impact of harmful algal bloom on shellfisheries aquaculture Advances in microalgal culture for aquaculture feed and other uses. Part 4 Environmental issues: Predicting and assessing the environmental impact of aquaculture Spatial decision support in aquaculture: the role of geographical information systems and remote sensing Zooremediation of contaminated aquatic systems through aquaculture initiatives. Part 5 Farming new species: Farming cod and halibut: biological and technological advances in two emerging cold-water marine finfish aquaculture species Cobia cultivation in aquaculture Advances in the culture of lobsters Advances in the culture of crabs Aquaculture and the production of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Part 6 Aquaculture systems design: Opportunities and challenges for offshore farming Advances in technology for off-shore and open ocean aquaculture Advances in technology and practice for land-based aquaculture systems: tank-based recirculating systems for finfish production Advances in technology and practice for land-based aquaculture systems: ponds for finfish production Superintensive bio-floc production technologies for marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: technical challenges and opportunities Traditional Asian aquaculture Use of information technology in aquaculture Inland saline aquaculture Urban aquaculture: using New York as a model.