gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of 9-benzyl-9-deazaguanine, a potent inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, on the cytotoxicity and metabolism of 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine. (1994)

6-Thio-2'-deoxyguanosine (T-dGuo) has been reported to be both phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase and converted to 6-thioguanine by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Combination of T-dGuo with an inhibitor of PNP would be expected to generate the 5'-triphosphate of T-dGuo and limit or prevent the formation of 6-thioguanosine triphosphate. Because the incorporation of 6-thioguanine into DNA is believed to be primarily responsible for the antitumor activity of the thiopurines, this treatment might result in enhanced activity against certain tumors, particularly those of T-cell origin. We have evaluated the metabolic basis of this strategy by examining the effects of 9-benzyl-9-deazaguanine (BDG), a potent inhibitor of PNP, on the metabolism of T-dGuo in CEM cells. The concentration of T-dGuo required to inhibit cell growth by 50% was approximately 50-fold greater in the presence of 8.0 microM BDG than in its absence. As expected, the addition of BDG to cells treated with T-dGuo prevented the metabolism of T-dGuo to 6-thio-guanine-containing ribo-nucleotides, but, unexpectedly, no 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate was detected. In cells treated with T-dGuo plus BDG, the major phosphorylated metabolite was T-dGMP. These results indicated that even in the absence of PNP activity, T-dGuo cannot be phosphorylated directly to 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate due to the inability of guanylate kinase to utilize T-dGMP as a substrate.
Genomic Classification Using an Information-Based Similarity Index: Application to the SARS Coronavirus (2005)

Measures of genetic distance based on alignment methods are confined to studying sequences that are conserved and identifiable in all organisms under study. A number of alignment-free techniques based on either statistical linguistics or information theory have been developed to overcome the limitations of alignment methods. We present a novel alignment-free approach to measuring the similarity among genetic sequences that incorporates elements from both word rank order-frequency statistics and information theory. We first validate this method on the human influenza A viral genomes as well as on the human mitochondrial DNA database. We then apply the method to study the origin of the SARS coronavirus. We find that the majority of the SARS genome is most closely related to group 1 coronaviruses, with smaller regions of matches to sequences from groups 2 and 3. The information based similarity index provides a new tool to measure the similarity between datasets based on their information content and may have a wide range of applications in the large-scale analysis of genomic databases.
Efficacy of the Computer Program to Compensate Color Vision Deficiency using Seohan Computerized 85-Hue Test. (2006)

Purpose: to study the utility of a program which diagnoses and compensates for color defects on computer monitors according to the severity and type of color vision deficiency (CVD). Methods: Twenty-eight patients with congenital CVD completed Seohan computerized hue test, color compensated Seohan computerized hue test and questionnaire for preference of color compensated images. The relation between results of the Seohan computerized hue test and the degrees of color compensation was investigated. HRR test and Nagel anomaloscope were used for determining the severity and type of CVD. Results: In applying the color compensation program, the total error score (TES) of the Seohan computerized hue test was significantly reduced. In cases of milder color vision defect, the TES of the color compensated Seohan computerized hue test was reduced at lower color compensations, while it was reduced at higher color compensations in cases of more severe color vision defect. In the color compensation of images, patients with milder color vision defects preferred images with lower color compensation and patients with more severe color vision defect preferred images with higher color compensation. Conclusions: The color compensation program for CVD effectively reduced the TES of Seohan computerized hue tests and improved the recognition of colors. This suggests that the program can be helpful to actual life in patients with CVD.
The Effect of Storage Time on Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Recovery from Human Lipoaspirates (2011)

Multipotent adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) can be isolated with high yield from human subcutaneous lipoaspirates. This study reports our experience isolating, expanding, differentiating and immunophenotypically characterizing ASCs over a period of 4 days after having surgically obtained the lipoaspirate samples. The ultimate goal is to understand how to optimize the consistent isolation of ASCs from lipoaspirates. The length of time between adipose tissue harvest and processing will need to be systematically evaluated with respect to cell yield, viability, and function since some distance is likely to exist between the plastic surgeon's office where lipoaspiration is performed and the current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) laboratory where the ASCs are isolated. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of time delays on the yield and function of ASCs after collagenase digestion. We were able to isolate ASCs from lipoaspirates up to 72 h after the surgical procedure. The ASCs isolated on sequential days after the original tissue harvest proliferated, differentiated and maintained cell surface markers. We found that the initial 24-hour period is optimal for isolating ASCs with respect to cell yield and that there was no significant difference between ASC cell proliferation and differentiation ability within this period of time. In contrast, each of these parameters declined significantly for tissues maintained at room temperature for 48 or 72 h prior to isolation. These findings should be considered in the future development of standard operating procedures for cGMP processing of clinical-grade human ASCs.
Chromosomal localization of ev-1, a frequently occurring endogenous retrovirus locus in white Leghorn chickens, by in situ hybridization (1980)

The distribution of 12 endogenous retrovirus loci from 13 White Leghorn flocks of diverse geographical origin was examined, using a total of 508 birds. Only one locus, designated ev-1, was observed to be almost universally present (506 of 508 birds) and thus predominantly homozygous in this breed of chicken. By contrast, 11 other viral loci were observed at much lower frequencies, 3 to 30%, and were occasionally restricted to individual flocks. To further characterize the commonly occurring ev-1 viral locus and to provide a foundation for determining the mechanism by which these 12 endogenous retrovirus loci were generated, a new technique of indirect in situ hybridization was used to localize the chromosomal position of ev-1. By using a combination of specific probes, the position of ev-1 was localized to a small region on the long arm of chromosome 1. This research represents oen of the first instances in which a defined segment of nonreiterated DNA coding for a known set of genes has been localized to a specific region on a vertebrate chromosome by in situ hybridization.
A Hybrid Scheme for On-Chip Voltage Regulation in System-On-a-Chip (SOC) (2010)

Conventional off-chip or single-stage on-chip converter will fail to meet the demand for different supply voltage domains for various functional blocks/cores in traditional or future multi-/many-core system-on-a-chips (SOCS). In this paper, a hybrid two-stage voltage regulation scheme is proposed, where the first stage consists of a switching voltage regulator located off-chip, and the second stage consists of a tree structure of linear regulators located on the chip. This approach proves to be efficient, simple and less costly compared to other options that offer total on-chip integration of a switching regulators. The difficulties and limitations of on-chip switching regulator have been analyzed. For the tree structure of on-chip linear regulators two different architectures (cascaded and parallel) have been proposed. It is demonstrated that a cascaded tree of linear regulators is a better solution than a parallel tree structure from performance point of view.
Presence and localization of the 60 KD calicin in human spermatozoa presenting postacrosomal sheath defects: Preliminary results (1991)

Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, we studied the anticalicin antibody distribution in four teratozoospermic human sperm samples with a high rate of spermatozoa with incomplete postacrosomal sheath structure (PAS) detected at the ultrastructural level. The calicin distribution obtained in these samples is compared with the distribution obtained in two normal human sperm samples with a high proportion of normal PAS and in 3 human sperm samples without PAS ("round-headed syndrome"). In contrast to the homogeneous calicin distribution found in the majority of the normal group, similar to that reported by Longo et al. (J Cell Biol 105:1105-1120, 1987) and Paranko et al. (Differentiation 38:21-27, 1988), and the absence of calicin in the three non-PAS samples, we observed new patterns of calicin distribution in the four sperm samples studied. In the light of these preliminary results, the use of anticalicin antibody as a tool for human postacrosomal region evaluation is discussed.
2 cm spatial-resolution and 2 km range Brillouin optical fiber sensor using a transient differential pulse pair (2012)

We report a high-spatial-resolution and long-range distributed temperature sensor through optimizing differential pulse-width pair Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (DPP-BOTDA). In DPP-BOTDA, the differential signal suffers from a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reduction with respect to the original signals, and for a fixed pulse-width difference the SNR reduction increases with the pulse width. Through reducing the pulse width to a transient regime (near to or less than the phonon lifetime) to decrease the SNR reduction after the differential process, the optimized 8/8.2 ns pulse pair is applied to realize a 2 cm spatial resolution, where a pulse generator with a 150 ps fall-time is used to ensure the effective resolution of DPP-BOTDA. In the experiment, a 2 cm spatial-resolution hot-spot detection with a 2 °C temperature accuracy is demonstrated over a 2 km sensing fiber.
Non-typhoid salmonella septic arthritis in dual living liver transplant recipient (2014)

Non-typhoid salmonellosis is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella species other than Salmonella typhi. Although the usual clinical course of non-typhoid salmonellosis is a benign self-limiting gastroenteritis, these bacteria are especially problematic in immunocompromised individuals, including patients with malignancies, human immunodeficiency virus, or diabetes, and those receiving corticosteroids or other immunotherapy agents. In addition to enteric symptoms, Salmonella species give rise to extra-intestinal complications, including self-limiting arthritis, which appears 1 to 3 weeks after the onset of infection and lasts from a few weeks to several months. In some patients, however, this arthritis spears to be chronic in nature. We describe herein a living-donor liver transplant recipient who experienced non-typhoid Salmonella-triggered arthritis in the left hip. The patient recovered uneventfully after 6-month-long antibiotics treatment. Clinicians involved in transplantation should be aware of the possibility that transplant recipients, like other immunocompromised individuals, are at risk of salmonellosis and therefore require careful clinical and microbiological evaluation, with the goals of prevention and early recognition of infection.
Drug Delivery Technologies Applied in Clinical Oncology Field (2010)

抗がん剤新薬の開発が困難になっているなか, 既存の抗がん剤にドラッグデリバリー技術を適用して, 有効性を高め, 副作用を低減する開発研究が積極的になされている。すでにLHRHアナログやドキソルビシン塩酸塩リボソーム製剤はがん治療の標準的ガイドラインに採用されている。また, 既存の抗がん剤の利便性を改善した製剤として, アルブミン結合型パクリタキセルナノ粒子製剤も上市されている。本稿では, これらのDDS製剤の物理化学的および臨床面での特徴を紹介する。
ENGINEERING MICROBES FOR PLANT POLYKETIDE BIOSYNTHESIS (2012)

Polyketides are an important group of secondary metabolites, many of which have important industrial applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Polyketides are synthesized from one of three classes of enzymes differentiated by their biochemical features and product structure: type I, type II or type III polyketide synthases (PKSs). Plant type III PKS enzymes, which will be the main focus of this review, are relatively small homodimeric proteins that catalyze iterative decarboxylative condensations of malonyl units with a CoA-linked starter molecule. This review will describe the plant type III polyketide synthetic pathway, including the synthesis of chalcones, stilbenes and curcuminoids, as well as recent work on the synthesis of these polyketides in heterologous organisms. The limitations and bottlenecks of heterologous expression as well as attempts at creating diversity through the synthesis of novel "unnatural" polyketides using type III PKSs will also be discussed. Although synthetic production of plant polyketides is still in its infancy, their potential as useful bioactive compounds makes them an extremely interesting area of study.
Comparative intraosseal growth of human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC-3 in the nude mouse. (1998)

These cancer cell lines produced a high incidence of growth in the bone that differed in histogenesis. The relative malignancy of these cell lines was demonstrated in this model.
Wave-U-Net: A Multi-Scale Neural Network for End-to-End Audio Source\n Separation (2018)

Models for audio source separation usually operate on the magnitude spectrum,\nwhich ignores phase information and makes separation performance dependant on\nhyper-parameters for the spectral front-end. Therefore, we investigate\nend-to-end source separation in the time-domain, which allows modelling phase\ninformation and avoids fixed spectral transformations. Due to high sampling\nrates for audio, employing a long temporal input context on the sample level is\ndifficult, but required for high quality separation results because of\nlong-range temporal correlations. In this context, we propose the Wave-U-Net,\nan adaptation of the U-Net to the one-dimensional time domain, which repeatedly\nresamples feature maps to compute and combine features at different time\nscales. We introduce further architectural improvements, including an output\nlayer that enforces source additivity, an upsampling technique and a\ncontext-aware prediction framework to reduce output artifacts. Experiments for\nsinging voice separation indicate that our architecture yields a performance\ncomparable to a state-of-the-art spectrogram-based U-Net architecture, given\nthe same data. Finally, we reveal a problem with outliers in the currently used\nSDR evaluation metrics and suggest reporting rank-based statistics to alleviate\nthis problem.\n
Positive Economics (1987)

There is general agreement among economists that positive economics is the branch of economics which is concerned with the description and explanation of economic phenomena, while normative economics encompasses the body of thought devoted to the application of positive economics for the purpose of giving advice about practical problems including those about public policy. Often the distinction between the two branches of economics is described in terms of the type of question asked. The question ‘What is?’ belongs to positive economics; the question ‘What ought to be?’, to normative economics.
Strain‐Responsive Polyurethane/PEDOT:PSS Elastomeric Composite Fibers with High Electrical Conductivity (2014)

It is a challenge to retain the high stretchability of an elastomer when used in polymer composites. Likewise, the high conductivity of organic conductors is typically compromised when used as filler in composite systems. Here, it is possible to achieve elastomeric fiber composites with high electrical conductivity at relatively low loading of the conductor and, more importantly, to attain mechanical properties that are useful in strain‐sensing applications. The preparation of homogenous composite formulations from poly­urethane (PU) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) that are also processable by fiber wet‐spinning techniques are systematically evaluated. With increasing PEDOT:PSS loading in the fiber composites, the Young's modulus increases exponentially and the yield stress increases linearly. A model describing the effects of the reversible and irreversible deformations as a result of the re‐arrangement of PEDOT:PSS filler networks within PU and how this relates to the electromechanical properties of the fibers during the tensile and cyclic stretching is presented.
Off-track response versus shield width at the ABS for MR heads (1997)

The shield width of an MR head is an important factor in the off-track performance of the head. The shields reduce the off-track magnetoresistive pickup of the MR element, however, the inductive response of the shields is a source of off-track coherent noise which can be detrimental to disk drive performance. In this study, the off-track magnetoresistive response is modeled for heads with varying shield widths at the ABS. Using Focused-Ion-Beam processing, heads of varying shield widths were fabricated and compared to the model. The minimum shield width was determined to be six gap lengths wider than the MR element.
Process Development and Material Characterization for the Novel Melt Processing of Near Net Shape Foam Parts (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper a new processing technique for producing closed cell net shape aluminium foam parts via the melt route developed by Hütte Klein-Reichenbach and ARC Leichtmetallkompetenzzentrum Ranshofen is presented.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The new method facilitates the simplest method of producing a metallic foam by bubbling gas through a molten metal matrix composite (MMC). The resulting stable liquid aluminium foam is guided into a mould, where the foam is solidified. The bubble size of the produced foam can be controlled by the new nozzle design of the gas bubbling equipment according to physical principles of bubble formation in molten metals. Homogeneous cellular structures are achieved for mass densities of 0,1 to 0,6 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and narrow cell size distribution of 3 to 15 mm +/- 2 mm.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">An important advantage of aluminium foam produced with this technique is the freedom it offers with the regard to variations of the process parameters and the alloy. In this way, it is possible to adjust the properties of the produced aluminium foam. A first characterization of manufactured foam samples with different densities is gained through compression tests. The cellular structure such as density distribution and cell wall thickness, are investigated by computed X-ray tomography and image analysis.</div>
AUVish: An Application-Based Language for Cooperating AUVs (2006)

AUVish is an application-based language for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), designed to facilitate cooperative behaviors needed for complete coverage in underwater mine countermeasures (MCM). Initially, AUVish was developed to support the computer simulation of replacing lost vehicles. Additional cooperative tasks were added to the simulations and AUVish was modified to handle the complications that arose. The syntax, semantics, and pragmatics of AUVish are explored, along with the processing and application of AUVish messages. A comparison with existing AUV languages concludes the essay
Online Tissue Discrimination for Transcutaneous Needle Guidance Applications Using Broadband Impedance Spectroscopy (2011)

This paper reports on a novel system architecture for measuring impedance spectra of a biological tissue close to the tip of a hollow needle. The measurement is performed online using fast broadband chirp signals. The time domain measurement raw data are transformed into the transfer function of the tissue in frequency domain. Correlation technique is used to analyze the characteristic shape of the derived tissue transfer function with respect to known "library functions" for different types of tissue derived in earlier experiments. Based on the resulting correlation coefficients the exact type of tissue is determined. A bipolar coaxial needle is constructed, simulated by finite element method and tested during various in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results show a good spatial resolution of approximately 1.0 mm for a needle with a diameter of 2.0 mm. The correlation coefficients for the three tested tissue types muscle, fat, and blood allow for a clear tissue classification. Best results have been obtained using the characteristic phase diagrams for each tissue. Correlated to the corresponding library transfer function the coefficients are in the range of +0.96 to +0.99 for the matching tissue. In return, the resulting coefficients for correlation with nonmatching tissues are in the range of -0.93 to +0.81.
Identification and characterization of follistatin as a novel angiogenin‐binding protein (2007)

Angiogenin enhances tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms of angiogenin-induced angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation remain elusive. In this study, follistatin was identified as a binding partner of angiogenin by a yeast two-hybrid screen and confirmed by a pull-down experiment. The interaction of fluorescently tagged angiogenin and follistatin was monitored in real time by a laser confocal microscope and shown to localize at the sub-nuclear region of HeLa cells. Additional yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that domains 2 and 3 of follistatin were the minimal structure requirement for angiogenin binding. These findings provide new clues for further studies on the mechanisms of angiogenin-induced angiogenesis or cancer cell growth.
Juvenile Detention (2013)

Abstract Juvenile detention, also known as “juvenile hall” or “juvie,” is the temporary placement of a minor in a physically restrictive environment while s/he awaits a hearing or another placement. Detention can also be used as a short‐term post‐adjudicatory placement, or as a temporary sanction for probation or parole violations. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 delimited legal grounds for detention in order to reduce arbitrary detention and the institutionalization of status offenders. With the primary aim of reducing disproportionate minority confinement, juvenile detention decisions are increasingly based on actuarial calculations of risk, using risk assessment instruments (RAIs) rather than subjective judgments. This entry describes various types of detention facilities, including both secure and nonsecure centers, the services provided to detained youth, the effects of detention on recidivism, and alternatives to detention.
Flash 4 bible (2000)

From the Publisher:
100% of what you need to learn Macromedia Flash - the world's standard for vector-based web graphics and animation. 
Discover the only Flash book with complete coverage - introductory-advanced.
Expert tutorials from guest authors throughout the book that dive into advanced uses of Flash.
Unleash the full potential of Flash with intermediate and advanced techniques.
Learn how to stream animations and create animated logos. Create pop-up menus and rollover buttons with ease.
Explore Flash drawing tools, animation controls, and file format support. Learn how to use Flash with Dreamweaver, Photoshop, FreeHand, Illustrator, Painter, Fireworks, Adobe Dimensions and Kinetix 3D Studio Max.
Discover cool techniques like in-betweening and onion-skinning.
Learn Javascript Interactivity with Flash movies.
Learn to use Flash with Generator for on-the-fly, dynamic Web graphics.