gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in stimuli-responsive degradable block copolymer micelles: synthesis and controlled drug delivery applications (2012)

(Bio)degradation in response to external stimuli (stimuli-responsive degradation, SRD) is a desired property in constructing novel nanostructured materials. For polymer-based multifunctional drug delivery applications, the degradation enables fast and controlled release of encapsulated therapeutic drugs from delivery vehicles in targeted cells. It also ensures the clearance of the empty device after drugs are delivered to the body. This review summarizes recent development of various strategies to the design and synthesis of self-assembled micellar aggregates based on novel amphiphilic block copolymers having different numbers of stimuli-responsive cleavable elements at various locations. These cleavable linkages including disulfide, acid-labile, and photo-cleavable linkages are incorporated into micelles, and then are cleaved in response to cellular triggers such as reductive reaction, light, and low acid. The well-designed SRD micelles have been explored as controlled/enhanced delivery vehicles of drugs and genes. For future design and development of effective stimuli-responsive degradable micelles toward tumor-targeting delivery applications in vivo, a high degree of control over degradation for tunable release of encapsulated anticancer drugs as well as bioconjugation for active tumor-targeting is required.
Neoplastic disease in pediatric HIV infection (2006)

HIV-infected patients have an increased incidence of malignancies. Three malignancies constitute AIDS-defining diagnoses: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and cervical cancer. There are increased risks for other cancers [1]. Approximately 40% of HIV-infected adults develop cancer [2]. The neoplastic disease risk in HIV-infected children exceeds that of adults, but because of low background incidence, cancers are uncommon in children living in the West. In certain parts of Africa, pediatric neoplastic disease may be more common [3].
Results of an experimental investigation into lowering the emission of nitrogen oxides by spraying steam or water into the combustion zone (1979)

When building modern power generating gas turbine plants important requirements apply to the combustion chamber, many of which conflict with one another. They include: minimal dimensions and mass, minimal loss of pressure, a high degree of burnout, minimal emission of nitrogen oxides, soot, and coke. The most effective, economically justified methods of suppressing nitrogen oxides NO/sub x/ are: reduction of combustion temperature, variation of fuel/air ratio, reduction in residence time of combustion products in the zone of high temperatures, the use of microflame burner units, intensification of mixing processes. A simple and effective method of reducing NO/sub x/ is to spray steam or water into the combustion zone. Results are discussed of experiments aimed at reducing NO/sub x/ emission carried out at the USSR gas turbine plant, the GT-100, which has two stages of heating the working medium in two combustion chambers of unit type.
Recent-secure authentication: enforcing revocation in distributed systems (2002)

A general method is described for formally specifying and reasoning about distributed systems with any desired degree of immediacy for revoking authentication. To effect revocation, 'authenticating entities' impose freshness constraints on credentials or authenticated statements made by trusted intermediaries. If fresh statements are not presented, then the authentication is questionable. Freshness constraints are derived from initial policy assumptions and authentic statements made by trusted intermediaries. By adjusting freshness constraints, the delay for certain revocation can be arbitrarily bounded. We illustrate how the inclusion of freshness policies within certificates enables the design of a secure and highly available revocation service. We illustrate the application of the method and new techniques in an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Finite Element Modeling of Stresses inside a Raised Pavement Marker during Tire–Marker Impacts (2007)

Retroreflective raised pavement markers (RRPMs) supplement other pavement markings to provide guidance to road users. The poor durability of many RRPMs in the field indicates a need to develop improved laboratory testing procedures. This requires identifying critical locations and magnitudes of stresses inside the markers during the tire–marker impacts that happen on roads. The goal of this research was to investigate stresses inside an RRPM model under tire–marker impact and to analyze the effect of external factors. Tire–marker impacts were modeled and simulated through the use of the finite element tools Hypermesh and LS-DYNA. The simulated critical locations and estimates of magnitudes of stresses inside the markers were identified. According to the simulations, the critical stresses lie on the top edges of the marker, perpendicular to the traffic direction. It was found that the stresses increase inside the markers as the tire load is increased. In addition, relatively high stresses were seen as the location of the impact moves away from the center of the marker. The angle of impact was found to affect the tensile stresses inside the markers, with higher angles causing greater tensile stresses. On the basis of the simulations, no consistent effect of the tire speed was found on the stresses inside the markers. These findings point toward requirements for improved testing standards. It is believed that a laboratory procedure that can replicate these internal stresses should result in a test with the ability to predict actual field performance more accurately.
Decreased O2 consumption and cardiac output during normobaric hyperoxia in conscious dogs (1989)

Recent reports indicate that under certain restricted conditions hyperoxia may decrease tissue O2 consumption. However, this effect has not been established for whole body O2 consumption in the intact healthy conscious state. The goal of the present study was to document the effect of hyperoxia on resting whole body O2 consumption and hemodynamics under these latter more general physiological conditions. The inspired gas was delivered by mask to six fasted resting conscious dogs and alternated hourly between air and O2-enriched air (hyperoxia) for 5 h, while hemodynamics and blood gas data were obtained every 20 min. Compared with air breathing, hyperoxia increased the mean arterial O2 tension from 95 to 475 Torr and decreased heart rate, cardiac output, pulmonary vascular resistance, and right and left ventricular work rates and thus, presumably, myocardial O2 consumption. Hyperoxia also increased systemic vascular resistance and right atrial pressure but did not change stroke volume or systemic arterial pressure. The increase in arterial O2 content during hyperoxia was counterbalanced by the decrease in cardiac output, so that O2 delivery was unchanged by hyperoxia. Surprisingly, hyperoxia decreased the arterial-to-mixed venous difference in O2 content; this decrease together with the decrease in cardiac output produced a decrease in resting whole body O2 consumption from 5.88 +/- 0.68 to 4.80 +/- 0.62 ml O2.min-1.kg-1 (P = 0.0002). It is concluded that under physiological conditions normobaric hyperoxia may decrease metabolic rate in addition to cardiac output, which may have important implications for the metabolic regulation of O2 utilization as well as for the medical and nonmedical uses of O2.
Learn++ for Robust Object Tracking (2014)

In this paper, a Learn++ (LPP) tracker is proposed to efficiently select specific classifiers for robust and long-term object tracking. In contrast to previous online methods, LPP tracker dynamically maintains a set of basic classifiers which are trained sequentially without accessing original data but preserving the previously acquired knowledge. The different subsets of basic classifiers can be specified to solve different sub-problems occurred in a non-stationary environment. Thus, an optimal classifier can be approximated in an active subspace spanned by selected adaptive basic classifiers. As a result, LPP tracker can address the “concept drift”, by automatically adjusting the active subset and searching the optimal classifier in an active subspace spanned by the subset according to the distribution of the samples and recent performance. Experimental results show that LPP tracker yields state-of-the-art performance under various challenging environmental conditions and, especially, can overcome several challenges simultaneously.
An Intelligent ISFET Sensory System With Temperature and Drift Compensation for Long-Term Monitoring (2008)

This paper presents a new intelligent ISFET sensory system dedicated to a precision pH sensory function, as well as a long-term monitoring capability without being jeopardized by temperature and drift fluctuations in the water-quality monitoring environment. It includes the novel compensation technique for counteracting a simultaneous change of temperature and drift, the design of the sensory system incorporating hardware and software co-design for enhancing the performance stability of a standard ISFET device and a new programmable current source with reduced dynamic current error for a dedicated temperature compensation process. The proposed ISFET sensory system, with about a 0.01 pH resolution in system design at a 3.3 V supply, has been validated by the experiments, exhibiting a maximum accuracy error of 0.02 pH at 23degC and 0.05 pH at 40degC with dual compensation. The compensation results show a maximum time drift of 0.003 pH/hour (0.166 mV/hour) at 23C and an average temperature drift of 0.00049 pH/hour/C (0.0245 mV/hour/C ) for a reference temperature increase from 23 C to 40degC, with the value of the pH solution ranging from 4 to 9 in six-hour measurements. These measured results outperform those of the reported drift reduction techniques, suggesting that the ISFET sensory system using novel compensation can provide significant immunity against temperature change, time drift, and temperature drift, which are favorable towards robust measurements in environmental monitoring applications.
The Elusive Functions of Proteoglycans (2000)

Proteoglycans: cell biologists have had a love-hate relationship with these molecules almost since their discovery. Their biochemical properties, dominated by heterogeneous and highly charged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, can make purification challenging and structural analysis painful. Their
An improved conscan algorithm based on a Kalman filter (1994)

Conscan is commonly used by DSN antennas to allow adaptive tracking of a target whose position is not precisely known. This article describes an algorithm that is based on a Kalman filter and is proposed to replace the existing fast Fourier transform based (FFT-based) algorithm for conscan. Advantages of this algorithm include better pointing accuracy, continuous update information, and accommodation of missing data. Additionally, a strategy for adaptive selection of the conscan radius is proposed. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated through computer simulations and compared to the FFT algorithm. The results show that the Kalman filter algorithm is consistently superior.
Tris(2-(aminomethyl)pyridine)iron(II): a new spin-state equilibrium in solution (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTris(2-(aminomethyl)pyridine)iron(II): a new spin-state equilibrium in solutionHelena Li Chum, J. A. Vanin, and Maria Isaura D. HolandaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 3, 1146–1152Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00133a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00133a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views363Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Anticancer Drug Discovery: Friend or Foe? (2002)

Binding of ligands such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and the sequence of events leading to induction of xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes such as the cytochrome P450 isoform 1A1 and subsequent generation of DNA adducts is historically associated with the process of chemical carcinogenesis. Cancer chemopreventative agents, on the other hand, often exert their biological effect at least in part through antagonism of AhR-induced carcinogenesis. A third scenario associated with AhR binding could occur if the induction of xenobiotic enzymes and subsequent DNA damage causes apoptosis. If this occurs selectively in tumour cells whilst sparing normal tissue, the AhR ligand would have a therapeutic cytotoxic effect. In this review we survey for the first time the major classes of reported AhR ligands and discuss the biological consequences of AhR binding in each case. The use of AhR ligands as cancer chemotherapeutic agents, as illustrated by the case of the 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole prodrug Phortress, is discussed as a therapeutic strategy.
Feasibility Study of Dielectrical Field-Flow Fractionation (1986)

Abstract The possible use of dielectrophoretic forces for the development of a new subtechnique of field-flow fractionation (FFF) termed dielectrical FFF is examined. Dielectrical FFF is based on the dielectrophoresis of neutral particles in the nonuniform electric field of an annular channel (or charged coaxial capacitor). The feasibility of the subtechnique is assessed by estimating the magnitudes of retention ratio R predicted from theory for select species representative of several classes of particle/fluid mixtures. Minimum attainable R values are calculated using estimates of the maximum electric field strengths applicable to the mixtures. Calculations show that. the dielectrophoretic force is strong enough to retain and separate ultrahigh-molecular-weight polymers and submicron-diameter particles dissolved or suspended in organic liquids of high dielectric constant Evidence suggests that pearl-chain formation may impose a fundamental limitation on particle retention at the inner cylinder of the annular channel, especially in aqueous suspensions.
Effect of Ta additions to bronze-processed Nb&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;Sn superconductors (1978)

The results of reaction between Nb(Ta) filaments and a Cu(Sn) matrix have been studied for filament compositions ranging from 0 to 34 at pct Ta. Microprobe measurements show that the Ta is fully incorporated into the reaction layer, producing (Nb,Ta) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn ternary A-15 compounds. High Ta concentrations lead to a decrease in reaction kinetics. Superconducting critical temperatures decrease with increasing Ta content more rapidly than reported earlier for powder samples. However, small Ta concentrations produce a decreased field dependence of critical currents and an increase in critical currents at high fields. These effects are believed to result from increased critical fields produced by a decreased electron mean free path, and may prove to be of technological significance for the production of high-field superconducting magnets.
A Silicon/Double-Shelled Carbon Yolk-Like Nanostructure as High-Performance Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery (2015)

Novel Si@double-shelled carbon (Si@DC) yolk-like powders have been fabricated by using the reinvented Si@void@mesoporous silica nanostructures as templates for the first time. The fabrication is quite economical without special equipment and using cheap glucose as the carbon source. In this special architecture, commercial Si nanoparticles are completely sealed inside the ultrathin and intact double-shelled carbon with rationally designed void spaces between the cores and shells, which can accommodate the volume fluctuation of Si cores. When tested as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the resulting Si@DC yolk-like powders exhibit outstanding cycling stability and enhanced lithium storage capacity.
New Application of BurgessReagent in its Reaction with Epoxides (2003)

Burgess reagent, (methoxycarbonylsulfamoyl)triethyl­ammonium hydroxide, usually used for the dehydration of secondary or tertiary alcohols, was successfully employed in the formation of sulfamidates from the corresponding epoxides. It was further shown that the same reaction with aromatic epoxides results in the formation of seven-membered ring systems.
Dominant Alleles Identify SET Domain Residues Required for Histone Methyltransferase of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (2008)

Polycomb gene silencing requires histone methyltransferase activity of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which methylates lysine 27 of histone H3. Information on how PRC2 works is limited by lack of structural data on the catalytic subunit, Enhancer of zeste (E(Z)), and the paucity of E(z) mutant alleles that alter its SET domain. Here we analyze missense alleles of Drosophila E(z), selected for molecular study because of their dominant genetic effects. Four missense alleles identify key E(Z) SET domain residues, and a fifth is located in the adjacent CXC domain. Analysis of mutant PRC2 complexes in vitro, and H3-K27 methylation in vivo, shows that each SET domain mutation disrupts PRC2 histone methyltransferase. Based on known SET domain structures, the mutations likely affect either the lysine-substrate binding pocket, the binding site for the adenosylmethionine methyl donor, or a critical tyrosine predicted to interact with the substrate lysine epsilon-amino group. In contrast, the CXC mutant retains catalytic activity, Lys-27 specificity, and trimethylation capacity. Deletion analysis also reveals a functional requirement for a conserved E(Z) domain N-terminal to CXC and SET. These results identify critical SET domain residues needed for PRC2 enzyme function, and they also emphasize functional inputs from outside the SET domain.
NOTCH1 inhibition in vivo results in mammary tumor regression and reduced mammary tumorsphere-forming activity in vitro (2012)

These data indicate that NOTCH1 inhibition results in mammary tumor regression in vivo and interferes with disease recurrence. We demonstrate that NOTCH1-transformed mouse mammary tumors harbor a rare mammary tumor-initiating population and that NOTCH1 contributes to mammary tumor-initiating activity. This work raises the possibility that NOTCH therapeutics may target mammary tumor-initiating cells in certain human breast cancer subtypes.
LBVS: A Load Balancing Strategy for Virtual Storage (2010)

Cloud Storage is an important part of Cloud Computing, and it provides a way to achieve large scale storage architecture. And virtual storage is a strategy for Cloud Storage. A load balancing virtual storage strategy (LBVS) is proposed in this paper. The contribution of this strategy is that, it provides a large scale net data storage model and Storage as a Service model based on Cloud Storage. Three layers architecture is used to achieve storage virtualization, and two load balancing modules are used to balance systems load. This paper describes details of LBVS strategy, the model of virtual storage as well as how to implement the LBVS with iRODS and two load balancing algorithms.
Mapping protein interfaces by a trifunctional cross-linker combined with MALDI-TOF and ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry (2005)

Chemical cross-linking of protein complexes has gained renewed interest in combination with mass spectrometric analysis of the reaction products as it allows a rapid mapping of protein interfaces, which is crucial for understanding protein/protein interactions. The identification of cross-linking products from the complex mixtures created after the cross-linking reaction, however, remains a daunting task. To facilitate the identification of cross-linking products, we explore the use of the commercially available biotinylated cross-linking reagent sulfo-SBED (sulfosuccinimidyl-2-[6-(biotinamido)-2-(p-azidobenzamido)-hexanoamido]ethyl-1,3'-dithiopropionate). This trifunctional cross-linker possesses one amine-reactive and one photo-reactive site and, additionally, allows an affinity-based enrichment of cross-linker containing species. As a model system, we chose the Ca(2+)-dependent complex between calmodulin and its target peptide M13, which represents a part of the C-terminal sequence of the skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase. After the cross-linking reaction, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) and one-dimensional gel electrophoresis were employed to check for the extent of cross-linking product formation. The cross-linking reaction mixtures were subjected to tryptic in-solution digestion. Biotinylated peptides, e.g., peptides that had been modified by the cross-linker as well as cross-linked peptides, were enriched on monomeric avidin beads after several washing steps had been performed. Peptide mixtures were analyzed by MALDI-TOFMS, nano-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/nano-electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICRMS), and tandem MS. We demonstrate that an enrichment of cross-linker containing species allows a more efficient identification of interacting amino acid sequences in protein complexes. This strategy is expected to be especially beneficial for investigating large protein assemblies.
Effect of mixing method and storage temperature of cement constituents on the fatigue and porosity of acrylic bone cement (1999)

The influence of the storage temperature of the cement constituents prior to mixing (21 vs. 4 degrees C) and the mixing method (hand mixing vs. vacuum mixing) on the uniaxial tension-compression fatigue performance and porosity of Palacos R acrylic bone cement was studied. The fatigue results were analyzed using the three-parameter Weibull equation. The fatigue performance was expressed as an index I, which was defined as the product of the Weibull characteristic fatigue life and the square root of the Weibull slope. Statistical analyses of these results show that although the mixing method (for a given storage temperature) exerts a significant influence on the fatigue performance and areal porosity, the effect of storage temperature (for a given mixing method) on either of these parameters is not significant.