gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unit selection based speech synthesis for converting short text message into voice message in mobile phones (2017)

Mobile phone is a hand-held communication device, the popularity of which has increased unbelievably over the past few years. This is not only because of the ability to make calls but also due to the Short Messaging Service (SMS) provided. Although, the number of people using mobiles is a myriad, there are still people who depend on landline phones for communication. The only way of communication in a landline phone is through voice/speech. Landline phones are not compatible with the short message service provided by mobile phones due to the absence of a screen to display the message received. E-mail is another means of communication, by which digital messages are sent from an author to one or more recipients. The SMS sent from a mobile phone to a landline number or other mobile phone is converted into voice and sent via e-mail to the recipient. The system aims at sending the text message, as a 3 step process First among them is pre-processing, second is synthesis of speech and finally, transmission. During pre-processing, the shorthand notations in the text message are converted into proper English form. In the second part, this pre-processed text is converted into speech. The final step covers the process of sending the synthesized voice message to the recipient. This system comes in handy when people with speech impairment want to send messages to other people, in the form of voice.
Schottky diodes and other devices on thin silicon membranes (1976)

The fabrication of ultra-thin silicon membranes of micron or submicron sizes with thicker supporting frames makes possible improvements in several kinds of electronic devices. We show that the series resistances of some devices can be reduced significantly, thus effecting increases in the cutoff frequencies. The resistance swing of Schottky diodes can also be raised. Initial experimentation relating to some of these applications is presented.
Advances in the Management of von Willebrand Disease and Hemophilia (2013)

Molecular research over the past 25 years has yielded a wealth of data on the molecular and genetic features of von Willebrand disease. This article discusses the translation of this molecular knowledge into practical aspects of clinical diagnosis and treatment of this bleeding disorder. Also discussed is the future of coagulation factor replacement therapy for hemophilia.
Endovascular treatment of fusiform aneurysms with stents and coils: technical feasibility in a swine model. (1996)

Endovascular treatment of experimental fusiforms aneurysms using stents and coils is technically feasible. The stent maintains patency of the parent artery while allowing strategic coil placement in the aneurysm sac away from the origin of side branches. This technique may prove useful in the future treatment of intracranial fusiform aneurysms. However, potential sources of technical difficulties have been identified, and further longterm studies using an appropriate intracranial stent will be necessary before human application.
Mollusca of southern Kentucky (1900)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Physical Training Alters the Pathogenesis of Pacing-Induced Heart Failure Through Endothelium-Mediated Mechanisms in Awake Dogs (1997)

Long-term exercise training altered the natural history of heart failure due to rapid cardiac pacing. One of the underlying mechanisms is through the preservation of endothelial vasodilator function.
Field‐size effect of physical doses in carbon‐ion scanning using range shifter plates (2009)

A field-size effect of physical doses was studied in scanning irradiation with carbon ions. For the target volumes of 60 x 60 x 80, 40 x 40 x 80, and 20 x 20 x 80 mm3, the doses along the beam axis within the spread-out Bragg peaks reduced to 99.4%, 98.2%, and 96.0% of the dose for the target of 80 x 80 x 80 mm3, respectively. The present study revealed that the observed reductions can be compensated for by adopting the three-Gaussian form of lateral dose distributions for the pencil beam model used in the treatment planning system. The parameters describing the form were determined through the irradiation experiments making flat concentric squared frames with a scanned carbon beam. Since utilizing the three-Gaussian model in the dose optimization loop is at present time consuming, the correction for the field-size effect should be implemented as a "predicted-dose scaling factor." The validity of this correction method was confirmed through the irradiation of a target of 20 x 20 x 80 mm3.
Time efficient 3-D electromagnetic modeling on massively parallel computers (1995)

A numerical modeling algorithm has been developed to simulate the electromagnetic response of a three dimensional earth to a dipole source for frequencies ranging from 100 to 100MHz. The numerical problem is formulated in terms of a frequency domain--modified vector Helmholtz equation for the scattered electric fields. The resulting differential equation is approximated using a staggered finite difference grid which results in a linear system of equations for which the matrix is sparse and complex symmetric. The system of equations is solved using a preconditioned quasi-minimum-residual method. Dirichlet boundary conditions are employed at the edges of the mesh by setting the tangential electric fields equal to zero. At frequencies less than 1MHz, normal grid stretching is employed to mitigate unwanted reflections off the grid boundaries. For frequencies greater than this, absorbing boundary conditions must be employed by making the stretching parameters of the modified vector Helmholtz equation complex which introduces loss at the boundaries. To allow for faster calculation of realistic models, the original serial version of the code has been modified to run on a massively parallel architecture. This modification involves three distinct tasks; (1) mapping the finite difference stencil to a processor stencil which allows for the necessary information to be exchanged between processors that contain adjacent nodes in the model, (2) determining the most efficient method to input the model which is accomplished by dividing the input into ``global`` and ``local`` data and then reading the two sets in differently, and (3) deciding how to output the data which is an inherently nonparallel process.
Therapeutic selectivity and the multi-node drug target. (2009)

Drug combinations are an increasingly favored strategy for increasing therapeutic windows for potential drugs, but enthusiasm for this approach is tempered by concerns that therapeutic synergy will too often be mirrored by synergistic toxicity. Here we review our recent experimental results and numerical simulations that establish the context-specificity of synergistic combinations. Thus systematic testing of chemical combinations in cell-based disease models can preferentially discover synergies with beneficial therapeutic selectivity. For an anti-inflammatory combination, we demonstrate how such selective synergy is achieved through differential expression of its targets in cells associated with therapeutic and toxic effects, and validate the combination's therapeutic relevance in animals. The narrower context specificity of synergistic combinations creates many new opportunities for such therapeutically relevant selectivity, and reinforces the realization that the most useful paradigm for a drug target is often a set of biomolecules that cooperate to produce a therapeutic response with reduced side effects.
Bortezomib induces DNA hypomethylation and silenced gene transcription by interfering with Sp1/NF-κB–dependent DNA methyltransferase activity in acute myeloid leukemia (2007)

Bortezomib reversibly inhibits 26S proteasomal degradation, interferes with NF-κB, and exhibits antitumor activity in human malignancies. Zinc finger protein Sp1 transactivates DNMT1 gene in mice and is functionally regulated through protein abundance, posttranslational modifications (ie, ubiquitination), or interaction with other transcription factors (ie, NF-κB). We hypothesize that inhibition of proteasomal degradation and Sp1/NF-κB–mediated transactivation may impair aberrant DNA methyltransferase activity. We show here that, in addition to inducing accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and abolishment of NF-κB activities, bortezomib decreases Sp1 protein levels, disrupts the physical interaction of Sp1/NF-κB, and prevents binding of the Sp1/NF-κB complex to the DNMT1 gene promoter. Abrogation of Sp1/NF-κB complex by bortezomib causes transcriptional repression of DNMT1 gene and down-regulation of DNMT1 protein, which in turn induces global DNA hypomethylation in vitro and in vivo and re-expression of epigenetically silenced genes in human cancer cells. The involvement of Sp1/NF-κB in DNMT1 regulation is further demonstrated by the observation that Sp1 knockdown using mithramycin A or shRNA decreases DNMT1 protein levels, which instead are increased by Sp1 or NF-κB overexpression. Our results unveil the Sp1/NF-κB pathway as a modulator of DNA methyltransferase activity in human cancer and identify bortezomib as a novel epigenetic-targeting drug.
Short Cluster Airgun Array For Shallow to Deep Crustal Survey (2009)

A seismic airgun source should be designed under several conditions which depend on geological targets. For the shallowtargeted survey as in standard oil and gas exploration, we should take into consideration that the source has a wide frequency band and a high primary-to-bubble ratio (P/B). The deeper the target or longer the offset, the more crucial the amplitude in the lower frequency range becomes. As expected, the primary-peak amplitude should be raised. The P/B is still important in deep-penetration surveys for accurate seismic imaging. However, it is usually difficult to obtain such features along with a conventional or bubble-tuned airgun array. Thus we propose a new short airgun array that can meet these demands by using a closely spaced linear cluster technique.
Mechanical loads on a turbofan engine structure at blade-off (2009)

Aircraft engine development is an expensive and time consuming business. The engines have to be designed to withstand loads well above those encountered during normal operating conditions. To meet the certification requirements manufacturers conduct tests where the engines are subjected to extreme conditions and loads. One such extreme condition is fan blade-off (FBO). Using finite element methods (FEM) computational software one can simulate FBO conditions and predict what loads it will inflict on the engine structure. These simulations involve large models that contain many degrees of freedom. As such they are time consuming to create and evaluate. Also they demand a detailed knowledge of the engine geometry to create. In preliminary design studies of engines there exists a need for knowing the loads an engine is subjected to. This provides the design team with valuable information that is used in decisions regarding engine architecture. The aim of this thesis is to create a scaled-down, simpler model of a turbofan engine, that can be used to predict bearing and engine mount loads, for a fan blade-off event. In addition the model can be used to estimate or check other parameters like weight and to compare different engine architectures. The turbofan model created was based on rotor dynamics, this model was created in MATLAB and DyRoBeS rotor dynamic simulation software. The simulations were done on three turbofan engines: a reference engine to validate the turbofan model and later applied on two proposal turbofan engines for the coming Next generation Single Aisle (NSA) aircraft. The results for the simulations show that the turbofan model can be used in the conceptual design stage. It can provide the design team with an initial estimate for bearing and engine mount loads. Taking into account the simplicity of the turbofan model, a conclusion on the accuracy of the results is that they are within acceptable limits.
Randomizing regression tests using game theory (2013)

As software evolves, the number of test-cases in the regression test suites continues to increase, requiring testers to prioritize their execution. Usually only a subset of the test cases is executed due to limited testing resources. This subset is often known to the developers who may try to “game” the system by committing insufficiently tested code for parts of the software that will not be tested. In this new ideas paper, we propose a novel approach for randomizing regression test scheduling, based on Stackelberg games for deployment of scarce resources. We apply this approach to randomizing test cases in such a way as to maximize the testers' expected payoff when executing the test cases. Our approach accounts for resource limitations (e.g., number of testers) and provides a probabilistic distribution for scheduling test cases. We provide an example application of our approach showcasing the idea of using Stackelberg games for randomized regression test scheduling.
A High-Throughput System for the Rapid Extraction of Plant Genomic DNA for Genome Mapping and Marker-Assisted Breeding Studies (2005)

Simple sequence repeats (SSR) or simple sequence length polymorphisms (SSLP) are PCR-based molecular markers that have been widely used in genomic mapping and marker-assisted selection. SSR markers have made it possible to establish a high-density genetic map and evaluate genes of interest via tight association between markers and phenotypes. Large-scale markerassisted breeding studies in plants have created the need for a high-throughput system for genomic DNA preparation and analysis from thousands of samples in a segregating population. However, the standard methods for purifying DNA from plant tissues can be laborious, time-intensive, and not readily amenable to automation. Thus, an automated system for the rapid extraction and subsequent amplification and analysis of plant genomic DNA has been developed to facilitate high-throughput genome mapping and marker-assisted breeding studies. This system utilizes Sigma's Extract-N-Amp Plant PCR kit, a novel system for the rapid extraction and subsequent amplification of genomic DNA from plant tissues, and the maize SSR primer set. This extraction system eliminates time-consuming steps such as organic extractions and mechanical disruption, releasing sufficient genomic DNA from plant tissues for direct use in SSR marker analysis.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Controlled-Release and Immediate-Release Paroxetine in the Treatment of Depression (2002)

Paroxetine CR is an effective and well-tolerated antidepressant exhibiting symptomatic improvement as early as week 1. Paroxetine CR is associated with low rates of early-onset nausea and dropout rates due to adverse events comparable to those of placebo. The clinical improvement seen with paroxetine CR, coupled with its favorable adverse event profile, suggests a benefit for therapeutic outcome with paroxetine CR.
Freezing and shattering of supercooled water drops (1968)

Abstract Supercooled water drops of about 0·05 cm radius were frozen at temperatures between −4°C and −25°C under various conditions. Explosive shattering and ejected ice splinters were observed when supercooled drops were frozen under conditions of free convection in hydrogen and helium at 1·0 atm pressure, in air below 0·13 atm pressure and in carbon dioxide below 0·05 atm pressure. Drops did not fracture when ventilated at terminal velocity unless they were rotated about an axis normal to the airstream during freezing. Fracture was also observed when either the drops were not allowed sufficient time to attain thermal and solution equilibrium with the environment before nucleation, or when drops were frozen in carbon dioxide at a pressure above 0·3 atm. A condition for drop fracture is the establishment of a strong shell of ice around the drop, which in turn depends on the distribution of heat transfer to the environment during freezing and on the effective thermal conductivity of the environment. The volume of gas dissolved in the drop is a secondary factor, except in the case of a very soluble gas such as carbon dioxide where splinters are produced by vigorous effervescence during freezing. In the atmosphere the shattering of an individual drop appears possible only if the drop rotates during freezing. This appears unlikely since any asymmetry in shape would tend to orient the drop as it fell.
Blood-Surface Interactions During Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1991)

Approximately 15 years ago, we began to investigate what happens to blood during extracorporeal circulation. We were discouraged by attempts to develop a nonthrombogenic synthetic surface and observed that only the endothelial cell possesses this attribute [50]. Endothelial cells have a vast surface area in contact with blood [51] and achieve the property of nonthrombogenicity by active metabolic processes. We concluded that short-term development of a synthetic, nonthrombogenic surface was unlikely, and decided to look at the other side of the blood-surface relationship. Over the next 10 years, we presented evidence supporting our hypothesis that complete inhibition of the initial reactions of blood constituents that are activated directly by surface contact will prevent all subsequent reactions of blood elements during cardiopulmonary bypass [31]. This strategy offers the possibility of controlling both the bleeding problems and the “whole body inflammatory response” associated with clinical cardiopulmonary bypass. This “overview” will summarize some of the data relevant to this hypothesis and present our current concept of what is happening during clinical cardiopulmonary bypass.
A TNF-induced gene expression program under oscillatory NF-κB control (2005)

This analysis provides important insights into the TNF-regulated genetic response program in epithelial cells, where NF-kappaB controls sequential expression patterns of functionally distinct genes that depend on its oscillatory activation mode.
Anti-inflammatory Thiazine Alkaloids Isolated from the New Zealand Ascidian<i>Aplidium</i>sp.:  Inhibitors of the Neutrophil Respiratory Burst in a Model of Gouty Arthritis (2007)

Ascidiathiazones A (3) and B (4), two new tricyclic thiazine-containing quinolinequinone alkaloids, were isolated from the New Zealand ascidian Aplidium species. Both compounds inhibited the in vitro production of superoxide by PMA-stimulated human neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 1.55 +/- 0.32 and 0.44 +/- 0.09 microM, respectively. In vivo inhibition of superoxide production by peritoneal neutrophils in a murine model of gout was observed for both compounds with oral doses of 25.6 micromol/kg. Ascidiathiazone A (3) was synthesized in four steps from 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid.
Safety and tolerability of concurrent natalizumab treatment for patients with Crohnʼs disease not in remission while receiving infliximab (2006)

The combination of natalizumab plus infliximab was well tolerated. Several positive trends suggested that treating patients not in remission with infliximab plus natalizumab had greater efficacy than treatment with infliximab alone.
Large Scale Comparison of Gene Expression Levels by Microarrays and RNAseq Using TCGA Data (2013)

RNAseq and microarray methods are frequently used to measure gene expression level. While similar in purpose, there are fundamental differences between the two technologies. Here, we present the largest comparative study between microarray and RNAseq methods to date using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. We found high correlations between expression data obtained from the Affymetrix one-channel microarray and RNAseq (Spearman correlations coefficients of ∼0.8). We also observed that the low abundance genes had poorer correlations between microarray and RNAseq data than high abundance genes. As expected, due to measurement and normalization differences, Agilent two-channel microarray and RNAseq data were poorly correlated (Spearman correlations coefficients of only ∼0.2). By examining the differentially expressed genes between tumor and normal samples we observed reasonable concordance in directionality between Agilent two-channel microarray and RNAseq data, although a small group of genes were found to have expression changes reported in opposite directions using these two technologies. Overall, RNAseq produces comparable results to microarray technologies in term of expression profiling. The RNAseq normalization methods RPKM and RSEM produce similar results on the gene level and reasonably concordant results on the exon level. Longer exons tended to have better concordance between the two normalization methods than shorter exons.
CRYSTALLINE PEPSIN (1930)

A method is described for the preparation of a crystalline protein from commercial pepsin preparations which has powerful peptic activity. The composition, optical activity, and proteolytic activity of this protein remain constant through seven successive crystallizations. No evidence for the presence of a mixture or of a solid solution is found in a study of the solubility of the protein in a series of different salt solutions, nor from the diffusion coefficient or from the rate of inactivation. These results indicate that the material is a pure substance or possibly a solid solution of two or more substances having nearly the same solubility in all the various solvents studied. It seems reasonable to conclude from these experiments that the possibility of a mixture must be limited to a mixture of proteins, so that the conclusion seems justified that pepsin itself is a protein.
A Secure System-Wide Process Scheduler across Virtual Machines (2010)

Server consolidation using virtual machines (VMs) makes it difficult to execute processes as the administrators intend. A process scheduler in each VM is not aware of the other VM and schedules only processes in one VM independently. To solve this problem, process scheduling across VMs is necessary. However, such system-wide scheduling is vulnerable to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks from a compromised VM against the other VMs. In this paper, we propose the Monarch scheduler, which is a secure system-wide process scheduler running in the virtual machine monitor (VMM). The Monarch scheduler monitors the execution of processes and changes the scheduling behavior in all VMs. To change process scheduling from the VMM, it manipulates run queues and process states consistently without modifying guest operating systems. Its hybrid scheduling mitigates DoS attacks by leveraging performance isolation among VMs. We confirmed that the Monarch scheduler could achieve useful scheduling and the overheads were small.
Direct Bonding between Quaternary Compound Semiconductor and Garnet Crystals for Integrated Optical Isolator (1999)

An integrated optical isolator employing a nonreciprocal phase shift is very attractive because it does not need phase matching. We have investigated a novel configuration of the integrated optical isolator, employing the nonreciprocal phase shift, in which the magnetooptic waveguide has a magnetic garnet/GaInAsP/InP structure. The wafer direct bonding technique is necessary to realize this structure. The direct bonding between quaternary III–V compound semiconductors and garnet crystals was experimentally studied. The bonding was achieved by chemical treatment and subsequent heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 110 to 330°C. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) images indicated that there were no gaps between the two wafers in contact.