gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient expression of cyclin D1 is sufficient to promote hepatocyte replication and liver growth in vivo. (2001)

Cyclin D1 regulates mitogen-dependent progression through G(1) phase in cultured cells, and its overexpression in malignant cells is thought to contribute to autonomous proliferation in vivo. However, previous studies in cell lines have not demonstrated that cyclin D1 is sufficient to trigger cell replication. In this study, we found that transient transfection of adult hepatocytes with cyclin D1 stimulated assembly of active cyclin D1/cdk4 complexes, robust hepatocyte proliferation, and liver growth in the intact animal. After several days, hepatocyte proliferation was inhibited despite the persistence of high levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin E, suggesting that endogenous antiproliferative mechanisms were induced. Our data suggest that this antiproliferative response includes the marked up-regulation of p21, which in turn inhibits cyclin D1/cdk4 and cyclin E/cdk2 complexes. This study offers further evidence that cyclin D1 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of hepatocyte proliferation in the liver. Furthermore, this model may offer a unique system to study the normal cellular response to cyclin D1 expression in vivo.
Scaling from discs to pleated devices. (2007)

Membrane discs offer a convenient format for evaluating membrane performance in normal flow filtration. However, while pleated devices of different sizes tend to scale in close proportion to their contained areas, they do not necessarily scale in direct proportion from flat discs. The objectives of this study are to quantify differences in performance among sterilizing-grade membrane devices as a function of device type and size, to develop an understanding of the factors that affect device scalability, and to develop a mathematical model to predict a cartridge-to-disc scalability factor based on membrane properties and porous support properties and dimensions. Measured and predicted normalized water permeability scalability factors for seven types of pleated cartridges, including 0.1-micro and 0.2-micro rated PES, and 0.2-micro rated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sterilizing-grade filters in nominal 1-inch to 5-inch lengths, were determined. The results of this study indicate that pleated cartridge performance can be closely predicted based on 47-mm disc performance provided that a number of measured device parameters are properly accounted for, most importantly parasitic pressure losses in the filter device and plumbing connections, intrinsic membrane variability, true effective device filtration area, and the hydraulic properties of all porous support materials. Throughput scalability factors (discs to devices) tend to converge towards unity, especially for highly plugging streams. As the membrane fouls, the resistance through the membrane dominates other resistances, so the flux scales more linearly with membrane area and the overall scaling factor becomes close to one. The results of throughput tests on seven different cartridge types and five different challenge streams (with widely varying fouling characteristics) show that most of the throughput scaling factors were within +/-10% of 1.0. As part of this study, the effects of pressure and temperature were also evaluated. Neither of these factors was found to have a significant effect on scalability.
Bioethanol From Cellulose With Supercritical Water Treatment Followed by Enzymatic Hydrolysis (2007)

The water-soluble portion and precipitates obtained by supercritical (SC) water treatment of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) were enzymatically hydrolyzed. Glucose could be produced easily from both substrates, compared with the Avicel. Therefore, SC water treatment was found to be effective for enhancing the productivity of glucose from cellulose by the enzymatic hydrolysis. It is also found that alkaline treatment or wood charcoal treatment reduced inhibitory effects by various decomposed compounds of cellulose on the enzymatic hydrolysis to achieve higher glucose yields. Furthermore, glucose obtained by SC water treatment followed by the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose could be converted to ethanol by fermentation without any inhibition.
Expression of TERT in precancerous gastric lesions compared to gastric cancer (2010)

The objective of this study was to determine the levels of TERT mRNA and TERT protein expression in stomach precancerous lesions such as intestinal metaplasia (IM) and gastric ulcer (GU) and compare them to gastric cancer (GC). Real-time PCR was performed to detect TERT mRNA expression levels in 35 biopsies of IM, 30 of GU, and 22 of GC and their respective normal mucosas. TERT protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in 68 samples, 34 of IM, 23 of GU, and 11 of GC. Increased TERT mRNA expression levels were observed in a significant number of cases, i.e., 46% of IM, 50% of GU, and 79% of GC. The relative mean level of TERT mRNA after normalization with the β-actin reference gene and comparison with the respective adjacent normal mucosa was slightly increased in the IM and GU groups, 2.008 ± 2.605 and 2.730 ± 4.120, respectively, but high TERT mRNA expression was observed in the GC group (17.271 ± 33.852). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the three groups. TERT protein-positive immunostaining was observed in 38% of IM, 39% of GU, and 55% of GC. No association of TERT mRNA and protein expression with Helicobacter pylori infection or other clinicopathological variables was demonstrable, except for the incomplete type vs the complete type of IM. This study confirms previous data of the high expression of both TERT mRNA and protein in gastric cancer and also demonstrates this type of changed expression in IM and GU, thus suggesting that TERT expression may be deregulated in precursor lesions that participate in the early stages of gastric carcinogenesis.
Mass Spectrometric Detection of Ricin and its Activity in Food and Clinical Samples (2009)

Ricin is a potent toxin capable of inhibiting protein synthesis and causing death or respiratory failure. Because of its high availability and lethality, ricin is considered a likely agent for bioterrorism. Rapidly determining contamination of food product with ricin and human exposure to ricin is therefore an important public health goal. In this work, we report the development of a method that detects ricin and its activity in food or clinical samples. This method involves immunocapture of the toxin, an examination of the activity of the ricin protein upon a DNA substrate that mimics the toxin's natural RNA target, and analysis of tryptic fragments of the toxin itself. It is the combination of these three techniques, all performed on the same sample, which allows for a sensitive and selective analysis of ricin isolated from a food or clinical sample. This measurement includes a measure of the toxin's activity. The utility of this method was demonstrated on ricin spiked into food and clinical samples consisting of milk, apple juice, serum, and saliva.
Localizing passive UHF RFID tags with wideband signals (2011)

Applications using localization of passive UHF RFID tags include, among others, indoor and assistant navigation (e.g., together with GPS), logistics, etc. This work shows a method to determine the distance between a tag and a reader by using passive UHF RFID tags and low power wideband signals. The passive UHF RFID tag is emulated through an antenna with varying load impedances. The work shown in this paper presents some first experimental results of such a ranging system.
A decomposition of the arithmetic for NTT's with 2 as a root of unity (2005)

The most promising Number Theoretic Transforms are those with 2 as a root of unity, since they can be performed without multiplications. One of the main problems is then the complexity of the arithmetic modulo M. We present here a generalized form of the NTT allowing the study of the problems of the NTT's and their arithmetic modulo M together. We show that, among one class of NTT's (the moduli being obtained by evaluation of cyclotomic polynomials) there are some relations between the arithmetics involved, that can be used to decompose the "difficult" arithmetics into simpler ones (just like a DFT of length N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , (N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> ,N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) = 1 can be decomposed into several DFT's of length N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> and N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ). We also point out a possible application to polynomial transforms.
Virofection: a new procedure to achieve stable expression of genes transferred into early embryos (1994)

A new procedure, virofection, designed to stabilize the expression of transfected DNA has been developed. It exploits the capacity of retroviruses to integrate their genome into the chromosomes of host cells. The co-transfection of two plasmids, one carrying the genome of a defective retrovirus vector, the other one encoding all the retroviral proteins, results in a transient production of infectious virus particles. These particles can infect the neighboring cells and this leads to the stable integration of the vector genome. This procedure is time-saving and appears to be quite efficient. When applied to chicken embryonic fibroblasts cultured in vitro, it resulted in the stable expression of the lacZ gene in more than 30% of the cells, and did not induce chronic viremia. Stable lacZ expression was also achieved in chicken embryos in ovo. Virofection appears to be a promising and generally applicable method for implementing stable, safe and efficient gene transfer in vitro and in vivo.
Liver Cancer (2006)

Abstract Liver cancers, 75%–90% of which are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), caused more than 600,000 deaths in 2002. They are the third most common cause of cancer deaths among men and sixth most common among women. Approximately 80% of HCCs and the resulting deaths occur in the developing countries of Asia and Africa. This chapter reviews the epidemiology of cancers that originate in the liver. Topics covered include classification, demographic patterns, environmental factors, host factors, pathogenesis, and preventive measures.
Investigating Data Throughput and Partial Dynamic Reconfiguration in a Commodity FPGA Cluster Framework (2011)

Investigating data throughput and partial dynamic reconfiguration in a commodity FPGA cluster framework
Comparison of Continuous Versus Sequential Estrogen and Progestin Therapy in Postmenopausal Women (1991)

A pilot study was performed comparing the efficacy and safety of continuous versus sequential schedules of the two most commonly prescribed medications for ovarian hormone replacement, conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Bleeding patterns, endometrial histology, and metabolic parameters were studied in 48 postmenopausal women prospectively randomized to a continuous schedule (daily estrogen and progestin) or a sequential schedule (conjugated estrogen on days 1-25, medroxyprogesterone acetate on days 16-25). Doses studied were 0.625 and 1.25 mg of conjugated estrogens and 10 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate. Significantly greater bleeding was observed with the 1.25-mg dosage of conjugated estrogens. Bleeding patterns were similar between schedules, with the exception that amenorrhea was more prevalent in the women using the 1.25-mg dosage of estrogen and the continuous progestin schedule. More frequent endometrial atrophy was observed with the continuous schedule, supporting the concept that prolonged use of this schedule may promote amenorrhea in most patients. Both doses and schedules were associated with modest and insignificant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Sequential therapy did not prevent the estrogen-induced decrease of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas the continuous schedule did, particularly with 0.625-mg dosage of conjugated estrogens. Significant increases of triglycerides were also seen with the continuous but not with the sequential schedule. Because of reports that the continuous schedule using the 2.5-mg dosage of medroxyprogesterone acetate does not elicit these actions on circulating lipids, attention should be directed toward examining the long-term effects of this lower dosage given continuously.
Defining childhood obesity: the relative body mass index (BMI) (1995)

This article is a statement from the European Childhood Obesity Group after discussion with the participants at the 3rd ECOG Workshop in St Polten, Austria, 1993: W Burniat, M Caroli, C Catassi, ML Frelut, E Locard, E Malecka‐Tendera, C Maffeis, D Molnar, EME Poskitt, IM Raetsch, MF Rolland‐Cachera, C Van Aelst, L Vido, M Wabitsch, K Zwiauer.‐
Inv<i>Alu</i>able junk: The cellular impact and function of Alu and B2 RNAs (2009)

The short interspersed elements (SINEs) Alu and B2 are retrotransposons that litter the human and mouse genomes, respectively. Given their abundance, the manner in which these elements impact the host genome and what their biological functions might be is of significant interest. Finding that Alu and B2 SINEs are transcribed, both as distinct RNA polymerase III transcripts and as part of RNA polymerase II transcripts, and that these SINE encoded RNAs indeed have biological functions has refuted the historical notion that SINEs are merely "junk DNA." This article reviews currently known cellular functions of both RNA polymerase II and RNA polymerase III transcribed Alu and B2 RNAs. These RNAs, in different forms, control gene expression by participating in processes as diverse as mRNA transcriptional control, A-to-I editing, nuclear retention, and alternative splicing. Future studies will likely reveal additional contributions of Alu and B2 RNAs as regulators of gene expression.
A 1-W high-efficiency Q-band MMIC power amplifier (1995)

Recent development on MMIC power amplifier has pushed the power-added efficiency (PAE) of 1-W amplifier to 29.4%. The power amplifier, using 0.15-μm InGaAs T-gate PHEMT devices, can deliver 1.2 W with 25% efficiency at 40 GHz when the drain is biased at 5 V. When the drain voltage drops to 4 V the output power is 1 W with 9-db associated gain and 29.4% PAE. The measured linear gain is averaged to be 12.5 db from 38-44 GHz.
Characterization of a cloned human 5-hydroxytryptamine-type 3 receptor subunit stably expressed in HEK 293 cells (1995)

Hope, A G; Brawn, A M; Peters, J A; Lambert, J J; Balcarek, J M1; Blackburn, T P2 Author Information
Ultra wide-bandwidth micro energy harvester (2011)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.
Privacy and authentication protocols for PCS (1996)

This article describes the message flow due to authentication, voice privacy, and signaling message encryption expected to be incorporated in the EIA/TIA's cellular industry Interim Standard IS 41 Revision C. The algorithm for authentication and generation of voice privacy mask and signalling message encryption keys employed by the standard is based on private key cryptographic techniques that use a secret key (also known as shared secret data, or SSD) for authentication. Two schemes have been proposed in the standard. In the first one, the SSD is shared only between the handset and the authentication center. In the second, the SSD is also shared with the visited system. Compared to the first scheme, the second scheme requires a considerably reduced rate of accesses to network databases for authentication during call origination determination, thereby reducing call setup time. However, during registration, the second scheme requires additional database accesses compared to the first due to the need to get an up-to-date call history count from the previous visited system. We compare the two schemes with the use of a simple mobility model for users and study their impact on the traffic to network databases. Defining the user mobility rule as the number of registrations per hour per user, we show that as the user mobility rate increases from roughly 0.5 to 15, the effectiveness of the second scheme compared to the first varies from about a 66 percent improvement to about a 30 percent degradation, clearly implying that the mobility characteristics of the user population dictate the choice of the authentication scheme.
Identification by immunoblot of venom glycoproteins displaying immunoglobulin E‐binding <i>N</i>‐glycans as cross‐reactive allergens in honeybee and yellow jacket venom (2004)

The data confirm the proposed role of carbohydrate-specific IgE in double positivity to HB and YJ venom and shed new light on some previously described minor hymenoptera allergens of uncertain clinical significance. The consideration of carbohydrate-specific IgE may allow to discriminate between patients with potentially relevant and patients with non-relevant double sensitization.
Architectural adaptation for application-specific locality optimizations (1997)

We propose a machine architecture that integrates programmable logic into key components of the system with the goal of customizing architectural mechanisms and policies to match an application. This approach presents an improvement over the traditional approach of exploiting programmable logic as a separate co-processor by pre-serving machine usability through software and on a traditional computer architecture by providing application-specific hardware. We present two case studies of architectural customization to enhance latency tolerance and efficiently utilize network bisection on multiprocessors for sparse matrix computations. We demonstrate that application-specific hardware and policies can provide substantial improvements in performance on a per application basis. Based on these preliminary results, we propose that an application-driven machine customization provides a promising approach to achieve high performance and combat performance fragility.
The Rel/NF-κB Family Directly Activates Expression of the Apoptosis Inhibitor Bcl-x <sub>L</sub> (2000)

The transcription factors of the Rel/NF-kappaB family are key regulators of immune and inflammatory responses and contribute to lymphocyte proliferation, survival, and oncogenesis. The absolute correlation between the antiapoptotic and oncogenic activities of the Rel/NF-kappaB oncoprotein v-Rel emphasizes the importance of characterizing the death antagonists under NF-kappaB control. Our recent finding that the prosurvival Bcl-2 homolog Bfl-1 (also called A1) is a direct transcriptional target of NF-kappaB raised the issue of whether NF-kappaB is a specific or global regulator of death antagonists in the Bcl-2 family. Here, we demonstrate that NF-kappaB differentially regulates the expression of particular Bcl-2-related death inhibitors and that it directly activates the expression of Bcl-x(L). While Bcl-x(L) was significantly upregulated by c-Rel and RelA, Bcl-2 was not. Importantly, stimuli that activate endogenous NF-kappaB factors also upregulated bcl-x gene expression and this effect was antagonized by an inhibitor of NF-kappaB activity. The expression of bcl-x suppressed apoptosis in the presence or absence of NF-kappaB activity. Functional analysis of the bcl-x promoter demonstrated that it is directly controlled by c-Rel. These results establish that NF-kappaB directly regulates the expression of distinct prosurvival factors in the Bcl-2 family, such as Bcl-x(L) and Bfl-1/A1. These findings raise the possibility that some of these factors may contribute to oncogenesis associated with aberrant Rel/NF-kappaB activity.
Alkaline phosphatase. I. Kinetics and inhibition by levamisole of purified isoenzymes from humans. (1976)

I studied the kinetics and sensitivity toward inhibition by levamisole and R 8231 of the most important human alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. N-Ethylaminoethanol proved superior to the now widely used diethanolamine buffer, especially for the enzymes from the intestine and placenta, behaving as an uncompetitive activator. The optimum pH largely depends on the substrate concentration. The addition of Mg2+ has no effect on the activities. The meaning of Km-values for alkaline phosphatases is questioned. Isoenzymes from human liver, bone, kidney, and spleen are strongly inhibited by levamisole or R 8231 at concentrations that barely affect the enzymes from intestine or placenta. The inhibition is stereospecific, uncompetitive, and not changed by Mg2+. Inhibition is counteracted by increasing concentrations of N-ethylaminoethanol. The mechanism of inhibition is suggested to be formation of a complex with the phosphoenzyme.
Acute Phase Peyronie's Disease Management with Traction Device: A Nonrandomized Prospective Controlled Trial with Ultrasound Correlation (2013)

PTT seems an effective treatment for the AP of PD in terms of pain reduction, penile curvature decrease, and improvement in sexual function.
Acoustic Propulsion of Nanorod Motors Inside Living Cells (2014)

The ultrasonic propulsion of rod-shaped nanomotors inside living HeLa cells is demonstrated. These nanomotors (gold rods about 300 nm in diameter and about 3 mm long) attach strongly to the external surface of the cells, and are readily internalized by incubation with the cells for periods longer than 24 h. Once inside the cells, the nanorod motors can be activated by resonant ultrasound operating at 4 MHz, and show axial propulsion as well as spinning. The intracellular propulsion does not involve chemical fuels or high-power ultrasound and the HeLa cells remain viable. Ultrasonic propulsion of nanomotors may thus provide a new tool for probing the response of living cells to internal mechanical excitation, for controllably manipulating intracellular organelles, and for biomedical applications.
Traveling Salesman Should not be Greedy: Domination Analysis of Greedy-Type Heuristics for the TSP (2001)

<p>Computational experiments show that the greedy algorithm (GR)<br />and the nearest neighbor algorithm (NN), popular choices for tour <br />construction heuristics, work at acceptable level for the Euclidean TSP,<br />but produce very poor results for the general Symmetric and Asymmetric<br /> TSP (STSP and ATSP). We prove that for every n >= 2 there<br />is an instance of ATSP (STSP) on n vertices for which GR finds the<br />worst tour. The same result holds for NN. We also analyze the repetitive<br /> NN (RNN) that starts NN from every vertex and chooses the best<br />tour obtained. We prove that, for the ATSP, RNN always produces<br />a tour, which is not worse than at least n/2 − 1 other tours, but for<br />some instance it finds a tour, which is not worse than at most n − 2<br />other tours, n >= 4. We also show that, for some instance of the STSP<br />on n >= 4 vertices, RNN produces a tour not worse than at most 2^(n−3) tours. These results are in sharp contrast to earlier results by G. Gutin and A. Yeo, and A. Punnen and S. Kabadi, who proved that, for the ATSP, there are tour construction heuristics, including some popular ones, that always build a tour not worse than at least (n − 2)! tours.</p><p>Keywords: TSP, domination analysis, greedy algorithm, nearest<br />neighbor algorithm</p>