gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending interactive graphical applications with constraints (user interface) (2000)

A constraint is a relation that we would like to maintain. Over the last thirty years, a number of problems have prevented constraints from being widely accepted for use in interactive graphical applications. The biggest difficulty of applying constraints has been finding the right tradeoff between performance and expressiveness. To be able to satisfy systems of constraints efficiently enough for real-time use, interactive applications have restricted the problem to solving less-expressive sets of constraints. One common such restriction is to require that the constraint relationships are acyclic, thus enabling simple techniques based on local propagation. Unfortunately, these limitations in expressiveness counteract the benefits that the declarative specification of relationships with constraints is intended to provide. 
A sophisticated new constraint solving toolkit, Cassowary (based on the simplex algorithm), is presented. It is designed to support especially easy embedding of efficient constraint-solving capabilities in arbitrary interactive graphical applications. To prove its usefulness and refine its capabilities, the Cassowary toolkit was used in three such applications: the Scheme Constraints Window Manager (SCWM) explores exposing the power of constraints to the end user via a graphical user interface; Constraint Cascading Style Sheets (CCSS) for the Amaya web browser illustrates how constraints can be a powerful means of understanding a complex procedural specification and can provide a unifying implementation mechanism; and Constraint Scalable Vector Graphics (CSVG) for the CSIRO SVG viewer demonstrates that constraints provide a powerful framework for delaying the final layout of diagrammatic illustrations to enable visualizations better adapted to the viewing environment. Each of these applications benefits from constraint features and maintains good performance by leveraging Cassowary. 
Constraint solving, and in particular the Cassowary constraint solving toolkit, can provide useful capabilities that are easy to take advantage of. It, and similar technologies, are ready for more significant and ambitious use in the domain of interactive graphical applications.
Personalized medicine in a phase I clinical trials program: The M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Initiative. (2011)

CRA2500 Background: We initiated a personalized medicine program hypothesizing that tumor molecular analysis and use of targeted therapy to counteract the effects of specific aberrations would improve the outcomes of affected patients. Methods: Molecular analysis was performed in the M. D. Anderson CLIA-certified pathology laboratory. Patients whose tumors had an aberration were treated in the Phase I Program with a matched targeted agent, when available. Results: Tumor molecular analysis was feasible in 852 (89%) of 955 consecutive patients with advanced cancer. Of 852 patients (median, age 56 yrs; prior therapies 4), 354 (41.5%) had ≥ 1 aberration: 10% of patients had a PIK3CA mutation; 19% KRAS; 8% NRAS; 19% BRAF; 3% EGFR; and 2% had a CKIT mutation; 21% had PTEN loss. Results are shown in the table. Median time to treatment failure (TTF) in 161 patients with 1 aberration treated with matched targeted therapy was 5.3 months (95%CI: 4.1, 6.6) vs 3.2 months (95%CI: 2.9 – 4.0) for their prior systemic antitumor therapy (prior to referral to phase I) (p= .0003). For patients with 1 aberration, the CR+PR rate was 29% with matched targeted therapy vs. 8% without matching (p = .0001). The CR+PR rate was 6% in 438 patients without molecular testing treated on the same studies. Conclusions: Preliminary results suggest that in early clinical trials matching patients with targeted drugs based on their molecular profile results in (a) longer TTF compared to their prior therapy and (b) higher rates of response, survival and TTF compared to those seen in patients treated without molecular matching. Support: 3UL1 RR024148 04 S1 and IPCT. [Table: see text]
Combination of TAT-HMGB1A and R3V6 amphiphilic peptide for plasmid DNA delivery with anti-inflammatory effect (2014)

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is not only a non-histone nuclear protein but also a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Previously, it has been shown that HMGB1 box A domain (HMGB1A) is an antagonist of HMGB1. HMGB1A can deliver plasmid DNA (pDNA) into cells due to its positive charge and ability to form complexes with pDNA. In this study, TAT-linked HMGB1A (TAT-HMGB1A) was produced using recombinant DNA technology. The pDNA/TAT-HMGB1A/R3V6 ternary complex was then prepared for efficient delivery of pDNA by coating the pDNA/HMGB1A complex with the R3V6 amphiphilic peptide. The particle size of the pDNA/TAT-HMGB1A/R3V6 complex was approximately 120 nm and had the highest delivery efficiency at a 1:5:15 weight ratio. The pDNA/TAT-HMGB1A/R3V6 complex had a higher transfection efficiency than the pDNA/poly-L-lysine (PLL), pDNA/R3V6, and pDNA/TAT-HMGB1A complexes. In the RAW 264.7 cells activated by lipopolysaccharides, the TNF-α and IL-6 levels were decreased by the addition of the pDNA/TAT-HMGB1A/R3V6 complex, suggesting that TAT-HMGB1A maintained the anti-inflammatory effect of HMGB1A. Delivery of the heme oxygenease-1 (HO-1) gene using TAT-HMGB1A/R3V6 further decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines, due to the anti-inflammatory effect of HO-1. The results suggest that the pDNA/TAT-HMGB1A/R3V6 complex may be a useful gene carrier for gene therapy of inflammatory diseases.
The breadth of FGF21's metabolic actions are governed by FGFR1 in adipose tissue (2012)

FGF21 is a multifunctional metabolic regulator. The co-factor βKlotho (KLB) allows FGF21 to signal via FGF receptors. Given the widespread nature of FGFR expression and KLB presence in several organs, it remains unclear which tissue/FGFR isoform determine FGF21 action. Here we show that deletion of FGFR1 in fat (FR1KO) leads to a complete ablation of FGF21 stimulated transcriptional activity in this tissue. Furthermore, FR1KO mice showed no FGF21-mediated lowering of plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides, altered serum levels of adipokines, no increase in energy expenditure, but preserved reductions in serum/liver FFAs as compared to wild type mice. Of importance, the anti-glycaemic actions of FGF19 were fully evident in FR1KO mice implying that FGF19 functions in a FGFR1/adipose independent manner. Taken together, our findings reveal the existence of an adipose FGFR1 driven axis of cross-tissue communication which defines several aspects of FGF21 biology and delineates mechanistic distinctions between FGF21 and FGF19.
Phase I study of immunotherapy for advanced ROR1+ malignancies with autologous ROR1-specific chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR)-T cells. (2018)

TPS79 Background: CAR-T cells have demonstrated marked tumor regression in patients (pts) with hematologic malignancies. ROR1, a tyrosine kinase orphan receptor, is expressed in triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) and non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and is a novel candidate for CAR-T cell therapy. ROR1-specific CAR-T cells are engineered with lentiviral vector encoding ROR1 scFv/4-1BB/CD3ζ and a truncated EGFR molecule to permit elimination of ROR1 CAR-T cells in case of toxicity. Methods: NCT02706362 is a phase I study evaluating the safety and anti-tumor activity of adoptively transferred autologous ROR1 CAR-T cells in pts with advanced ROR1+ TNBC and NSCLC. Eligibility criteria include: metastatic TNBC or NSCLC; measurable disease; prior standard therapy with no maximum on number of prior regimens; tumor ROR1 expression > 20% by IHC; KPS > 70%; age ≥18; negative pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential; informed consent; adequate organ function. Exclusions are: active autoimmune disease or uncontrolled infection, HIV seropositive status, contraindication to cyclophosphamide, anticipated survival < 3 months, and/or untreated CNS metastases. After screening, leukapheresis is performed, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are selected, then transduced with the ROR1+ CAR lentivirus and expanded. Lymphodepletion with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine is followed 36-96 hours later by infusion of ROR1 CAR-T cells in escalating doses (3.3 x 10 5 /kg - 1 x 10 7 /kg cells with defined CD8+ and CD4+ composition). Pts are treated in cohorts of 2 to determine cell dose associated with an estimated toxicity rate of < 25%. Primary aim is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and safety of ex vivo expanded ROR1 CAR-T cells. Secondary aims include persistence and phenotype of transferred T cells, trafficking of T cells to tumor site, in vivo function, and preliminary antitumor activity of ROR1 CAR-T cells by RECIST 1.1. Dose escalation is determined by CRM algorithm with minimum of 21-day interval following infusion between pts. Preliminary estimates of efficacy will be obtained among all pts and those treated at estimated MTD. Six of 30 pts have been enrolled with no DLTs observed. Clinical trial information: NCT02706392.
Reinforced nylon bears the load for prosthetic foot (1999)

The majority of dogs hospitalized with suspected AHDS improve rapidly with symptomatic treatment only, despite signs of systemic disease on initial presentation. The often-used SIRS criteria might be a poor proxy for identifying dogs with AHDS in need of antimicrobial treatment, in particular when hypovolemic. The role of CRP in clinical decision-making or prognostication warrants further investigation.
Fibrinogen potentiates the effect of interleukin-3 on early human hematopoietic progenitors (1993)

The effect of human fibrinogen on the proliferation of purified SBA- CD34+ human bone marrow progenitors was investigated in clonal cultures. Fibrinogen alone or in combination with erythropoietin had no significant effect. However, in the presence of recombinant human interleukin-3 (IL-3), fibrinogen increased significantly in a dose- dependent manner the number of mixed and burst-forming unit-ethrocyte-- derived colonies, whereas the number of other colonies did not significantly change. In the presence of fibrinogen, low concentrations of IL-3 (0.17 U/mL) produced three times more mixed colonies than without fibrinogen, reaching the number of colonies obtained with optimal concentrations of IL-3 (1.67 U/mL). Fibrinogen fragment D had the same effect in the presence of IL-3 as intact fibrinogen, whereas fibrinogen fragment E and human collagen IV did not. This effect was not mediated by integrins, because peptides or monoclonal antibodies that block fibrinogen binding on integrins alpha IIb beta 3, alpha v beta 3 (RGD-peptides), alpha m beta 2 (OKM-1), and alpha x beta 2 (HC1/1) did not affect the observed mitogenic effect. The mitogenic effect of fibrinogen and its D fragment was not mediated by induction of IL-6 or granulocyte--colony-stimulating factor secretion, because it was not inhibited by blocking antisera against these two growth factors. Our results indicate that fibrinogen potentiates the effect of IL-3 on primitive hematopoietic progenitors and suggest that the mitogenic effect of fibrinogen could be mediated via a specific mitogenic receptor that does not belong to the integrin family.
Microsoft SDL Threat Modelling Tool (2009)

Gone are the days when software systems can be built without regard for security. Regardless of whether the system is commercial off the shelf (COTS), developed by a software provider, or custom code for use in an enterprise, it is clear that systems and networks are under attack and that the software being developed today is the primary line of defence.
Evidence for Leptin Binding to Proteins in Serum of Rodents and Humans: Modulation With Obesity (1996)

Many hormones circulate bound to serum proteins that modulate ligand bioactivity and bioavailability. To understand the biology of leptin action, we investigated the presence of leptin binding proteins in serum. 125I-labeled leptin binds competitively to at least three serum macromolecules with molecular masses of approximately 85, approximately 176, and approximately 240 kDa in rodents and approximately 176 and approximately 240 kDa in humans. The ability to bind appears to involve sulfhydryl/disulfide interactions because it is inhibited under reducing conditions. When serum is added to recombinant 125I-leptin, there is a shift in sedimentation of 125I-leptin as analyzed by sucrose gradient centrifugation from approximately S1.9 to approximately S4.3. This shift is markedly attenuated in serum from obese mice (ob/ob, db/db, brown-fat ablated, gold-thioglucose treated, high-fat fed) compared with that from nonobese controls. The size distribution of endogenous serum leptin as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) after sucrose gradient centrifugation is also consistent with saturation of binding in hyperleptinemic obesity. In humans, free leptin increases with BMI. Thus, in lean rodents and humans a large proportion of leptin circulates bound to several serum proteins. Free leptin is increased in serum of obese subjects, which may alter leptin bioactivity, transport, and/or clearance.
Differential thermal analysis detects superalloy reactions (1975)

The use of differential thermal analysis (DTA) in establishing optimum melting and casting parameters for superalloys is described. The potential of the differential thermal analysis technique in superalloy technology development is pointed out. The ability to detect low and high volume fraction reactions has great value in explaining the phenomena occurring in these complex systems. Thus, DTA can guide makers and users of superalloys to optimize metallic structures and homogeneity of contemporary superalloys and to stimulate and accelerate design of new superalloys. (JRD)
An Intrusion Detection Architecture for Clustered Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2010)

Intrusion detection in wireless ad hoc networks is a challenging task because these networks change their topologies dynamically, lack concentration points where aggregated traffic can be analyzed, utilize infrastructure protocols that are susceptible to manipulation, and rely on noisy, intermittent wireless communications. Security remains a major challenge for these networks due their features of open medium, dynamically changing topologies, reliance on co-operative algorithms, absence of centralized monitoring points, and lack of clear lines of defense. In this paper, we present a cooperative, distributed intrusion detection architecture based on clustering of the nodes that addresses the security vulnerabilities of the network and facilitates accurate detection of attacks. The architecture is organized as a dynamic hierarchy in which the intrusion data is acquired by the nodes and is incrementally aggregated, reduced in volume and analyzed as it flows upwards to the cluster-head. The cluster-heads of adjacent clusters communicate with each other in case of cooperative intrusion detection. For intrusion related message communication, mobile agents are used for their efficiency in lightweight computation and suitability in cooperative intrusion detection. Simulation results show effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed architecture.
Monitoring the microstructure of nanosized palladium layers obtained via thermal and VUV stimulated MOCVD (2013)

Nanosized palladium layers on silicon (100) substrates were obtained employing MOCVD method under VUV and thermal stimulations in hydrogen medium, with the use of Pd(hfaс)2 as a precursor. The deposition temperature under thermal stimulation amounted to 230 °C, whereas with the VUV (145 nm) stimulation this value was equal to 100 °C, within the time interval ranging from 1 to 30 min. With the use of monochromatic null ellipsometry and scanning electron microscopy techniques, initial stages of palladium nanolayer growth were studied. It has been established that the growth of Pd films exhibits a pronounced cyclical character. The analysis of electron microscopy images of growing film surfaces was based on the Voronoi–Delaunay method with the introduction of parameters such as peak, valley and minimum spanning tree (MST). It was demonstrated that the parameters used directly reflect the process of film growth, whereby two stages of the process have been distinguished.
‘Just-In-Time’ Production of Large Assemblies (1996)

The problem of scheduling operations in a manufacturing facility that produces large assemblies is considered. Given the due dates of the end items, the objective is to determine a schedule that minimizes the cumulative production lead time. The lot sizes of the end items are considered known and ‘just-in-time’ (JIT) production is assumed. The scheduling problem within such an environment has been formulated and is NP-hard. Its similarities to and differences from the well studied resource-constrained project scheduling problem have been established. An efficient heuristic is developed that uses the precedence network of operations to prioritize execution of those operations that belong to a dynamically computed critical path. The effectiveness of the proposed heuristic is assessed in terms of cumulative lead-time and work-in-process inventory (WIP) costs.
New Optical-Quality Etch for II-VI Compounds (1968)

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A New Generation of On-Site Test Systems for Power Transformers (2008)

The presented mobile on-site test system enables the performance of high voltage routine tests at power transformers up to 500 MVA. As per IEC 60076 the different routine tests require different voltages, currents, load conditions and especially different frequencies. In order to generate frequencies of 50/60 Hz and >100 Hz transformer factories have been using motor-generator- sets for the different dielectric tests. Considering the needs for on-site testing of power transformers the heavy weight and bulky dimensions, the attrition of rotating machine parts, the costly service and last but not least a limited range of the output frequency make the use of motor-generator- sets for site application very impractical. The experience of more than one decade using modern frequency converters at on-site resonant test systems for cables and GIS has led to the idea to realize the testing of power transformers with static frequency converters. The described test system consists of a combined test system for induced / no-load losses and applied voltage tests according to IEC 60076-3 based on a power electronic static frequency converter. The three phase converter works at a frequency range of 40...200 Hz. It is connected to a compensation unit, an adaptation transformer and a HV filter for the induced voltage and no-load losses tests. During induced voltage tests also partial discharge measurements down to 30...50 pC are possible. The realization of the applied voltage test is basically founded on the proven principle of resonant circles with variable frequency. Due to the compact design of the system it can be installed inside a 40-ft container and, if necessary, a separate 20-ft container for applied voltage testing.
A pilot study of ultrafiltration pretreatment for seawater reverse osmosis desalination in Bohai Bay (2011)

The paper proves the feasibility of using the ultrafiltration combined with reverse osmosis to desalt sea water in Bohai Bay over four-month pilot running. The results show that the influent quality is not influenced by the UF effluent quality and the optimum operational parameters are the flux 62.5 L/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> h, the quality of UF permeate was excellent, with turbidity measured below 0.13 NTU and 94% of the SDI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sub> below 3.0. The ultrafiltration membrane could feed water into the reverse osmosis systems sequentially and steadily, and the salt rejection of reverse osmosis membrane was above 99.1% and stable during the experimental time. Therefore, this method can be used to provide clean materials for multipurpose development of the seawater due to being simple process and low-cost investiment.
[Analysis about clinical data of intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus]. (2002)

(1) Detection of HBV DNA in cord blood is a sensitive index for diagnosing fetal infection, however detection of peripheral venous blood is with the significance of making correct diagnosis. (2) HBsAg or HBV DNA positive in mothers is one of the risk factors of intrauterine infection. There is no relationship among fetal infection and mothers' age, gestational age, delivery way, neonates' sex, BW, BL. (3) The liver function of neonates infected with HBV intrauterinely maybe impaired to some extent.
Transport strategy for the 21st century (2013)

In anticipation of the March 'Transport Strategy Fundamentals' workshop, in partnership with PIA, Dr Chris Hale of Melbourne University writes on the present and future of transport decision-making.
Boundary-layer analysis of the dynamics of axisymmetric capillary bridges (1991)

Small-amplitude oscillations of capillary bridges are examined in the limit of large modified Reynolds number. The contact line between the free surface of the bridge and the upper and lower supporting walls is allowed to undergo a restrained motion by taking its velocity to be proportional to the slope of the free surface there. It is found that the oscillation frequency and damping rate depend on the aspect ratio of the bridge, the mode being excited, the motion of the contact line, and the modified Reynolds number. Very good agreement with other studies is obtained for Re&gt;100.
Continuous lipolysis reactor with a loop connecting an immobilized lipase column and an oil‐water separator (1995)

Abstract A continuous lipolysis system is described that consists of a loop connecting a fixed‐bed reactor with the immobilized lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype I and an oil‐water separator. In addition to continuous lipolysis, good continuous separation of oil product and water‐soluble product and continuous concentration of glycerol can be integrated in this simple reactor.
Are growth rates of Escherichia coli in batch cultures limited by respiration? (1980)

Batch cultures of Escherichia coli were grown in minimal media supplemented with various carbon sources which supported growth at specific growth rates from 0.2 to 1.3/h. The respiration rates of the cultures were measured continuously. With few exceptions, the specific rate of oxygen consumption was about 20 mmol of O2/h per g (dry weight), suggesting that the respiratory capacity was limited at this value. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) required for the production of cell material from the different carbon sources was calculated on the basis of known ATP requirements in the biochemical pathways and routes of macromolecular synthesis. The calculated ATP requirements, together with the measured growth rates and growth yields on the different carbon sources, were used to calculate the rate of ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. This rate was closely related to the respiration rate. We suggest that aerobic growth of E. coli in batch cultures is limited by the rate of respiration and the concomitant rate of ATP generation through oxidative phosphorylation.