gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Activity of Colistin plus Rifampin against Colistin-Resistant KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (2013)

Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae are responsible for high rates of mortality and represent a major therapeutic challenge, especially when the isolates are also resistant to colistin. We used the checkerboard method to evaluate the synergistic activity of 10 antibiotic combinations against 13 colistin-resistant KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates (colistin MIC range of 8 to 128 mg/liter). Colistin plus rifampin was the only combination that demonstrated consistent synergistic bacteriostatic activity against 13/13 strains tested, reducing the colistin MIC below the susceptibility breakpoint (MIC ≤ 2 mg/liter) in 7/13 strains at rifampin concentrations ranging from 4 to 16 mg/liter. Bactericidal synergistic activity was also documented for 8/13 tested strains. Other antimicrobial combinations with carbapenems, gentamicin, and tigecycline showed variously synergistic results. Colistin plus rifampin also exhibited bacteriostatic synergistic activity against 4/4 colistin-susceptible KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates (colistin MIC range of 0.5 to 2 mg/liter) and 4/4 ertapenem-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae isolates (ertapenem MIC range of 16 to 32 mg/liter). Collectively, our data suggest that colistin plus rifampin is the most consistently synergistic combination against KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, including colistin-resistant strains. Colistin-rifampin combinations may have a role in the treatment of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae and may possibly slow the selection of heteroresistant subpopulations during colistin therapy.
The amino‐acid sequences of sculpin islet somatostatin‐28 and peptide YY (1987)

Two pancreatic peptides, somatostatin-28 and peptide YY, have been isolated from the Brockmann bodies of the teleost fish Cottus scorpius (daddy sculpin). Following purification by reverse-phase HPLC, each peptide was sequenced completely through to the carboxyl-terminus by gas-phase Edman degradation. Somatostatin-28 was the major form of somatostatin detected and is similar to the gene II product from anglerfish. Peptide YY (36 amino acids) more closely resembles porcine neuropeptide YY and intestinal peptide YY than it does the pancreatic polypeptides.
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Anti-HIV Activity of Aza and Deaza Analogs of IsoddA and Their Phosphates as Prodrugs (1994)

Some aza and deaza analogues of the anti-HIV agent 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-oxoadenosine (isoddA) (8-aza-, 8-aza-1-deaza, 8-aza-3-deaza-, 1-deaza-, and 3-deaza-isoddA) were synthesized and found inactive against HIV in vitro. The hypothesis that the inactivity of these isonucleosides might be due to their poor affinity for cellular nucleoside kinases was checked by the synthesis of a series of 5'-[bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) phosphate] triesters and 5'-phenyl phosphoramidate derivatives which, acting as membrane soluble prodrugs, could release the free phosphate form inside the cell. The 5'-(phenylmethoxy)alaninyl phosphate derived from 8-aza-isoddA was found active against HIV-1 and HIV-2 with a potency similar to that of isoddA, while the anti-HIV potency of 5'-(phenylmethoxy)alaninyl phosphate of isoddA proved remarkably higher than that of isoddA, in particular against HIV-2, being similar to that of AZT. Further evidence that 8-aza-isoddA could behave as anti-HIV agent, provided that it is activated as phosphate, was obtained by the synthesis of its 5'-triphosphate derivative, which proved to be an active inhibitor of HIV-1 recombinant reverse transcriptase.
Parameter Selection for HSDPA Iub Flow Control (2005)

The recently emerging high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) enhances conventional WCDMA systems according to the UMTS standard with data rates of up to 14 MBit/s in the downlink direction. This is achieved by using adaptive modulation and coding as well as a fast hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) mechanism. This functionality is implemented close to the air interface in the node B. In addition to the data buffer in the RNC, this requires a second data buffer in the node B. Consequently, a flow control mechanism is needed which controls the amount of data to be transmitted from the RNC's buffer to the node B's buffer. The spatial separation of RNC and node B imposes significant signaling constraints and control dead time limitations to the flow control mechanism. Additionally, due to the time-varying nature of the radio channel, the data rate towards a particular user may be highly variable. In this paper, we study the impact of the flow control on system performance. In particular, we consider the parameter choice for a previously presented algorithm and highlight some inherent tradeoffs
A Graph-Theoretic Algorithm for Matching Chemical Structures. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Graph-Theoretic Algorithm for Matching Chemical Structures.Edward H. SussenguthCite this: J. Chem. Doc. 1965, 5, 1, 36–43Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/c160016a007https://doi.org/10.1021/c160016a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views426Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Fast back-projection for non-line of sight reconstruction (2017)

Recent works have demonstrated non-line of sight (NLOS) reconstruction by using the time-resolved signal from multiply scattered light. These works combine ultrafast imaging systems with computation, which back-projects the recorded space-time signal to build a probabilistic map of the hidden geometry. Unfortunately, this computation is slow, becoming a bottleneck as the imaging technology improves. In this work, we propose a new back-projection technique for NLOS reconstruction, which is up to a thousand times faster than previous work, with almost no quality loss. We base on the observation that the hidden geometry probability map can be built as the intersection of the three-bounce space-time manifolds defined by the light illuminating the hidden geometry and the visible point receiving the scattered light from such hidden geometry. This allows us to pose the reconstruction of the hidden geometry as the voxelization of these space-time manifolds, which has lower theoretic complexity and is easily implementable in the GPU. We demonstrate the efficiency and quality of our technique compared against previous methods in both captured and synthetic data.
Rapid activation of sodium–proton exchange and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase in fibroblasts by G protein-coupled 5-HT1A receptor involves distinct signalling cascades (1998)

These experiments tested the hypothesis that signalling elements involved in the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) mediate rapid activation of sodium-proton exchange (NHE) in fibroblasts when both signals are initiated by a single G protein-coupled receptor, the 5-HT1A receptor. Similarities between the two processes were comparable concentration-response curves and time-courses, and overlapping sensitivity to some pharmacological inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (staurosporine and genistein), and phosphoinositide 3'-kinase (wortmannin and LY204002). Activation of NHE was much more sensitive to the phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase inhibitor (D609) than was ERK. Neither pathway was sensitive to manoeuvres designed to block PKC. In contrast, Src or related kinases appear to be required to activate ERK, but not NHE. Transfection of cDNA constructs encoding inactive mutant phosphoinositide 3'-kinase, Grb2, Sos, Ras, and Raf molecules were successful in attenuating ERK, but had essentially no effect upon NHE activation. Finally, PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen activated/extracellular signal regulated kinase kinase, blocked ERK but not NHE activation. Thus, in CHO fibroblast cells, activation by the 5-HT1A receptor of ERK and NHE share a number of overlapping features. However, our studies do not support a major role for ERK, when activated by the 5-HT1A receptor, as a short-term upstream regulator of NHE activity.
Oral antibodies to human intestinal alkaline phosphatase reduce dietary phytate phosphate bioavailability in the presence of dietary 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (2015)

While it is well established that active vitamin D treatment increases dietary phytate phosphate utilization, the mechanism by which intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) participates in phytate phosphate use is less clear. The ability of human IAP (hIAP) oral antibodies to prevent dietary phytate phosphate utilization in the presence of 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1α-(OH) D3) in a chick model was investigated. hIAP specific chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies were generated by inoculating laying hens with 17 synthetic peptides derived from the human IAP amino acid sequence and harvesting egg yolk. Western blot analysis showed all antibodies recognized hIAP and 6 of the 8 antibodies selected showed modest inhibition of hIAP activity in vitro (6 to 33% inhibition). In chicks where dietary phosphate was primarily in the form of phytate, 4 selected hIAP antibodies inhibited 1α-(OH) D3-induced increases in blood phosphate, one of which, generated against selected peptide (MFPMGTPD), was as effective as sevelamer hydrochloride in preventing the 1α-(OH) D3-induced increase in blood phosphate, but ineffective in preventing an increase in body weight gain and bone ash induced by 1α-(OH) D3. These studies demonstrated that orally-delivered antibodies to IAP limit dietary phytate-phosphate utilization in chicks treated with 1α-(OH) D3, and implicate IAP as an important host enzyme in increasing phytate phosphate bioavailability in 1α-(OH) D3 fed chicks.
Osteoblast tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase antagonizes and regulates PC-1 (2000)

Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is essential for bone matrix mineralization, but the central mechanism for TNAP action remains undefined. We observed that ATP-dependent (45)Ca precipitation was decreased in calvarial osteoblast matrix vesicle (MV) fractions from TNAP-/- mice, a model of infantile hypophosphatasia. Because TNAP hydrolyzes the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(i)), we assessed phosphodiesterase nucleotide pyrophosphatase (PDNP/NTPPPH) activity, which hydrolyzes ATP to generate PP(i). Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 (PC-1), but not the isozyme B10 (also called PDNP3) colocalized with TNAP in osteoblast MV fractions and pericellular matrix. PC-1 but not B10 increased MV fraction PP(i) and inhibited (45)Ca precipitation by MVs. TNAP directly antagonized inhibition by PC-1 of MV-mediated (45)Ca precipitation. Furthermore, the PP(i) content of MV fractions was greater in cultured TNAP-/- than TNAP+/+ calvarial osteoblasts. Paradoxically, transfection with wild-type TNAP significantly increased osteoblast MV fraction NTPPPH. Specific activity of NTPPPH also was twofold greater in MV fractions of osteoblasts from TNAP+/+ mice relative to TNAP-/- mice. Thus TNAP attenuates PC-1/NTPPPH-induced PP(i) generation that would otherwise inhibit MV-mediated mineralization. TNAP also paradoxically regulates PC-1 expression and NTPPPH activity in osteoblasts.
The Handbook of Suggestions for Teachers: its origins and evolution (1985)

(1985). The Handbook of Suggestions for Teachers: its origins and evolution. Journal of Educational Administration and History: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 41-48.
Alignment control of liquid crystals on surface relief gratings (2000)

Liquid crystal alignment layers of a high T g polymer containing an azobenzene moiety are prepared by photofabrication of a surface relief grating (SRG). The interference pattern of a circular and linearly polarized Ar+ laser beam generated the surface relief grating and the morphology was detected by atomic force microscope. The optical anisotropy of the films was investigated by polarizing optical microscopy. The orientation of the optical axis of the film mainly depends on the direction of the initial polarization plane. Nematic liquid crystals were aligned parallel to the direction of the grating, but the pretilt angles of the liquid crystals were nearly zero. Irradiation with homogeneous linearly polarized light could also align liquid crystals, but this alignment capability was weaker than that of the SRG film.
Poly(<i>β</i>-hydroxybutyrate) production by a moderate halophile,<i>Halomonas boliviensis</i>LC1 using starch hydrolysate as substrate (2005)

There have been no reports related to PHB production amongst the members of the genus Halomonas. The use of a maltooligosaccharide forming alpha-amylase, which is active at a temperature and pH close to that required for growth of H. boliviensis, and the versatility of this bacterium in the selection of the carbon source may provide an attractive alternative for the utilization of starch-derived raw materials.
Directed Assembly of Soft Colloids through Rapid Solvent Exchange (2015)

We studied the directed assembly of soft nanoparticles through rapid micromixing of polymers in solution with a nonsolvent. Both experiments and computer simulations were performed to elucidate the underlying physics and to investigate the role of various process parameters. In particular, we discovered that no external stabilizing agents or charged end groups are required to keep the colloids separated from each other when water is used as the nonsolvent. Furthermore, the size of the nanoparticles can be reliably tuned through the mixing rate and the ratio between polymer solution and nonsolvent. Our results demonstrate that this mechanism is highly promising for the mass fabrication of uniformly sized colloidal particles, using a wide variety of polymeric feed materials.
Analysis of Chemical Equilibrium of Silicon-Substituted Fluorescein and Its Application to Develop a Scaffold for Red Fluorescent Probes (2015)

Fluorescein is a representative green fluorophore that has been widely used as a scaffold of practically useful green fluorescent probes. Here, we report synthesis and characterization of a silicon-substituted fluorescein, i.e., 2-COOH TokyoMagenta (2-COOH TM), which is a fluorescein analogue in which the O atom at the 10' position of the xanthene moiety of fluorescein is replaced with a Si atom. This fluorescein analogue forms a spirolactone ring via intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the carboxylic group in a pH-dependent manner. Consequently, 2-COOH TM exhibits characteristic large pH-dependent absorption and fluorescence spectral changes: (1) 2-COOH TM is colorless at acidic pH, whereas fluorescein retains observable absorption and fluorescence even at acidic pH, and the absorption maximum is also shifted; (2) the absorption spectral change occurs above pH 7.0 for 2-COOH TM and below pH 7.0 for fluorescein; (3) 2-COOH TM shows a much sharper pH response than fluorescein because of its pKa inversion, i.e., pKa1 > pKa2. These features are also different from those of a compound without the carboxylic group, 2-Me TokyoMagenta (2-Me TM). Analysis of the chemical equilibrium between pH 3.0 and 11.0 disclosed that 2-COOH TM favors the colorless and nonfluorescent lactone form, compared with fluorescein. Substitution of Cl atoms at the 4' and 5' positions of the xanthene moiety of 2-COOH TM to obtain 2-COOH DCTM shifted the equilibrium so that the new derivative exists predominantly in the strongly fluorescent open form at physiological pH (pH 7.4). To demonstrate the practical utility of 2-COOH DCTM as a novel scaffold for red fluorescent probes, we employed it to develop a probe for β-galactosidase.
Use of polyethylene glycol in functional constipation and fecal impaction (2016)

Polyethylene glycol with or without electrolytes is more efficacious than placebo for the treatment of functional constipation, either in adults or in pediatric patients, with great safety and tolerability. These preparations constitute the most efficacious osmotic laxatives (more than lactulose) and are the first-line treatment for functional constipation in the short and long-term. They are as efficacious as enemas in fecal impaction, avoid the need for hospital admission and are well tolerated by patients (mainly when administered without electrolytes).
Improved medium voltage AC-DC rectifier based on 10kV SiC MOSFET for Solid State Transformer (SST) application (2016)

An improved bidirectional medium voltage AC-DC converter based on 10kV silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs for SST (Solid State Transformer) application is presented in this paper. Avalanche breakdown of the reverse blocking silicon diode and bridge arm shoot-through problems in traditional high voltage bridge-type AC-DC converters are solved. Shoot-through currents are limited to low di/dt events that are readily controlled, allowing zero dead-time operation. The reverse recovery dissipation of the SiC MOSFET is eliminated because no freewheeling current will flow through the body diode. This increases the efficiency as well as the reliability of the SiC MOSFET. Detailed power stage operating principles and energy transfer mechanism are described. A unique customized 10kV SiC MOSFET/JBS diode power module is developed and tested, which further reduces parasitic parameters and simplifies converter wire connection. This topology is therefore a very good choice for median voltage applications.
US-localized diffuse optical tomography in breast cancer: comparison with pharmacokinetic parameters of DCE-MRI and with pathologic biomarkers (2016)

THC obtained from US-DOT and K(trans) obtained from DCE-MRI were associated with biomarkers indicative of a higher aggressiveness in breast cancer. Although US-DOT and DCE-MRI both measured the vascular properties of breast cancer, parameters from the two imaging modalities showed a weak association presumably due to their different contrast mechanisms and depth sensitivities.
Real‐time two‐photon confocal microscopy using a femtosecond, amplified Ti:sapphire system (1996)

The bilateral imaging approach known from confocal applications operating in the line mode was used to realize real‐time two‐photon imaging. It is shown that the sectioning inherent to two‐photon imaging could be improved by the introduction of a confocal line aperture in the imaging path. Using a high‐power, low‐repetition‐rate amplified Ti:sapphire system, various biological objects were visualized including live boar sperm.
Preimplantation and postimplantation development of rat embryos cloned with cumulus cells and fibroblasts (2001)

In this report we demonstrate the successful in vitro culture of fertilised embryos from 1-cell to blastocyst stage, albeit in a strain-dependent fashion. We report procedures for the enucleation of rat oocytes; nuclear transfer by injection of nuclei (NT) from adult rat cumulus cells, rat primary embryonic fibroblasts and genetically modified rat fibroblasts; and activation resulting in advanced preimplantation development. Blastocyst stage rat embryos were obtained after in vitro culture of nuclear transfer zygotes at similar frequencies with each of these nuclear donor cell types. Transfer of NT embryos to surrogate mothers leads to implantation of 24% of the zygotes. These results suggest that the nuclei of cultured rat cells, even following genetic modification, can be reprogrammed to support early embryonic development, which is a prerequisite to cloning the rat.
[Therapeutic approaches for multidrug resistance]. (1988)

One of the major problems in cancer chemotherapy is the development of drug resistance during treatment. In the treatment of tumors with antitumor agents, tumor cells can acquire resistance to the drugs. This type of resistance is called as acquired drug resistance and the acquired drug resistances is a major factor for limiting the clinical use of antitumor agents. The elucidation of the resistance mechanisms has progressed well recently owing to the application of cellular and molecular techniques in addition to the usual biological and biochemical techniques. In this article, the mechanisms of cellular resistance, especially those of multidrug resistance at a molecular level, and possible approaches to overcoming drug resistance are described and discussed.
Maturation-promoting factor and the regulation of the cell cycle (1989)

Maturation-promoting factor (MPF) is a cell cycle control element able to cause metaphase when injected into amphibian oocytes or when incubated with nuclei in a cell-free system. Highly purified MPF consists of a complex between a 34K (K = 10(3) Mr) serine/threonine protein kinase, identified as a Xenopus homolog of the cdc2+ gene product, p34cdc2, and a 45K substrate, identified as a Xenopus B-type cyclin. p34cdc2 is also present in purified preparations of chromatin-derived growth-associated histone H1 kinase from Novikoff hepatoma cells. p34cdc2 is active when dephosphorylated and inactive when phosphorylated during oocyte meiotic cell cycles and in mitotic cell cycles following egg activation. Analysis of the substrate specificity of p34cdc2 indicates a consensus sequence for phosphorylation of (K/R)S/TP(X)K/R. Among substrates identified with this consensus are histone H1 and the pp60c-src proto-oncogene, which is known to be activated and phophorylated in mitosis. MPF injection into oocytes activates ribosomal protein S6 kinase II, which is also a lamin kinase. The mechanism of activation is indirect, possibly involving the c-src proto-oncogene. Continued analysis of regulation of MPF activation/inactivation and characterization of substrates for phosphorylation will have important implications for cell cycle and cell growth control.
3D Printed Unibody Lab-on-a-Chip: Features Survey and Check-Valves Integration (2015)

The unibody lab-on-a-chip (ULOC) concept entails a fast and affordable micro-prototyping system built around a single monolithic 3D printed element (unibody). A consumer-grade stereo lithography (SL) 3D printer can configure ULOCs with different forms of sample delivery, transport, handling and readout, while minimizing material costs and fabrication time. ULOC centralizes all complex fabrication procedures and replaces the need for clean room resources, delivering prototypes for less than 1 US$, which can be printed in 10 min and ready for testing in less than 30 min. Recent examples of ULOC integration of transport, chemical sensing for optical readout and flow mixing capabilities are discussed, as well as the integration of the first check-valves for ULOC devices. ULOC valves are strictly unidirectional up to 100 psi, show an exponential forward flow behavior up to 70 psi and can be entirely fabricated with the ULOC approach.