gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rule-Based Learning for More Accurate ECG Analysis (1982)

Long-term electrocardiograms exhibit a small number of QRS morphologies (waveform shapes) whose analysis can reveal cardiac abnormalities. We considered the problem of accurately identifying instances of each in 24-h ECG recordings. A new learning algorithm was developed. Each QRS morphology is represented as a tree of rule activations, which associate attribute measurements with a rule. Each rule has a syntactic pattern together with a semantic procedure which manages and applies the knowledge stored in the activation. A single rule may be activated several times to learn different waveform segments. Delineation refinement improves each hypothesized signal interpretation. A simple conflict resolution mechanism resolves conflicting interpretations into a single unambiguous one. Comparison of the system with an existing program confirmed the promise of the new approach.
Microscopic examination of changes of plant cell structure in corn stover due to hot water pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis (2006)

Particle size associated with accessible surface area has a significant impact on the saccharification of plant cell walls by cellulolytic enzymes. Small particle sizes of untreated cellulosic substrate are more readily hydrolyzed than large ones because of higher specific surface area. Pretreatment enlarges accessible and susceptible surface area leading to enhanced cellulose hydrolysis. These hypotheses were tested using ground corn stover in the size ranges of 425-710 and 53-75 microm. Ultrastructural changes in these particles were imaged after treatment with cellulolytic enzymes before and after liquid hot water pretreatment. The smaller 53-75 microm corn stover particles are 1.5x more susceptible to hydrolysis than 425-710 microm corn stover particles. This difference between the two particle size ranges is eliminated when the stover is pretreated with liquid hot water pretreatment at 190 degrees C for 15 min, at pH between 4.3 and 6.2. This pretreatment causes ultrastructural changes and formation of micron-sized pores that make the cellulose more accessible to hydrolytic enzymes.
Proceedings - Ecology and management of annual rangelands (1994)

Experiments employing two forms (cross-linked and noncross-linked) of polyacrylamide (PAM) at 0.2 percent, mixed with a silt loam Xerollic Calciorthid top soil, were performed in 1991. Larger cracks and lower mean penetrometer resistance occurred in the two PAM treatments compared to the untreated control. The two kinds of PAM failed to produce significant differences in soil moisture or crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) germination. Oneyear-old tubelings of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) did not grow significantly faster or flower significantly sooner or more abundantly than the untreated controls.
T Cells Contain an RNase-Insensitive Inhibitor of APOBEC3G Deaminase Activity (2007)

The deoxycytidine deaminase APOBEC3G (A3G) is expressed in human T cells and inhibits HIV-1 replication. When transfected into A3G-deficient epithelial cell lines, A3G induces catastrophic hypermutation by deaminating the HIV-1 genome. Interestingly, studies suggest that endogenous A3G in T cells induces less hypermutation than would be expected. However, to date, the specific deaminase activity of endogenous A3G in human CD4+ T cells has not been examined directly. Here, we compared deaminase activity of endogenous and exogenous A3G in various human cell lines using a standard assay and a novel, quantitative, high-throughput assay. Exogenous A3G in epithelial cell lysates displayed deaminase activity only following RNase treatment, as expected given that A3G is known to form an enzymatically inactive RNA-containing complex. Surprisingly, comparable amounts of endogenous A3G from T cell lines or from resting or activated primary CD4+ T cells exhibited minimal deaminase activity, despite RNase treatment. Specific deaminase activity of endogenous A3G in H9, CEM, and other T cell lines was up to 36-fold lower than specific activity of exogenous A3G in epithelial-derived cell lines. Furthermore, RNase-treated T cell lysates conferred a dose-dependent inhibition to epithelial cell lysates expressing enzymatically active A3G. These studies suggest that T cells, unlike epithelial-derived cell lines, express an unidentified RNase-resistant factor that inhibits A3G deaminase activity. This factor could be responsible for reduced levels of hypermutation in T cells, and its identification and blockade could offer a means for increasing antiretroviral intrinsic immunity of T cells.
Proteasome inhibitor PS-341, a potential therapeutic agent for adult T-cell leukemia. (2002)

Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus I-associated malignancy. Proteasome inhibitors provide a rational approach to control constitutively activated NF-kappaB in human T-cell lymphotrophic virus I-infected T cells. We report that the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 decreased NF-kappaB DNA binding activity by preventing degradation of IkappaB(alpha). In our murine model of adult T-cell leukemia, PS-341 used alone did not yield prolongation of the survival of tumor-bearing mice. However, when combined with the current clinically approved drug humanized anti-Tac, therapy with PS-341 was associated with a complete remission in a proportion of treated animals, whereas only a partial response was observed in animals treated with humanized anti-Tac alone.
Approximating polyhedra with spheres for time-critical collision detection (1996)

This article presentsa method for approximatingpolyhedralobjects to support a time-critical collision-detectionalgorithm. The approximationsare hierarchies of spheres, and they allow the time-critical algorithm to progressively refine the accuracy of its detection, stopping as needed to maintain the real-time performanceessential for interactive applications. The key to this approach is a preprocessthat automaticallybuilds tightly fitting hierarchies for rigid and articulatedobjects.The preprocessuses medial-axis surfaces, which are skeletal representations of objects. These skeletons guide an optimizationtechnique that gives the hierarchies accuracy properties appropriate for collision detection. In a sample application, hierarchies built this way allow the time-criticalcollision-detectionalgorithmto have acceptableaccuracy, improving significantly on that possible with hierarchies built by previous techniques. The performanceof the time-critical algorithm in this application is consistently 10 to 100 times better than a previous collision-detection algorithm, maintaining low latency and a nearIy constant frame rate of 10 frames per second on a conventional graphics workstation. The time-critical algorithm maintains its real-time performance as objects become more complicated, even as they exceed previously reported complexity levels by a factor of more than 10.
The Relation of Radio Sky-Wave Transmission to Ionosphere Measurements (1939)

A simple, rapid, graphical method is given for obtaining maximum usable frequencies and effective reflection heights of radio waves, from vertical-incidence measurements of the critical frequencies and virtual heights of the various layers in the ionosphere. The method consists of the use of "transmission curves," which are superimposed on the curve of frequency against virtual height, observed at vertical incidence. The intersection of the curves gives the level of reflection in the ionosphere. The factors considered in deriving the transmission curves are variation of virtual height with frequency, effect of the curvature of the ionosphere and earth, influence of the earth's magnetic field, and absorption by or reflection from lower layers in the ionosphere. A chart is included for rapid calculation of the factor sec ϕ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> , used in plotting the transmission curves.
Distinctive patterns of translational reinitiation in the<i>lac</i>repressor mRNA: bridging of long distances by out-of-frame translation and RNA secondary structure, effects of primary sequence (1991)

In the early region of the Escherichia coli lac repressor mRNA, translational reinitiation events triggered by nonsense codons occur over long distances and in a distinctive pattern not explained by simple use of the next available initiator triplet. Defined fusions of the restart sites to the lacZ coding region have been used to explore the basis for these reinitiation patterns and to ask whether the sites can function in independent initiation at the 5' end of an mRNA. The results obtained confirm earlier indications that the restart sites may have little or no inherent capacity for binding free 30S ribosomes. The data also add to growing evidence that primary sequence elements are important determinants of reinitiation efficiency. On the basis of the reinitiation activities for nonsense sites throughout the early region of the mRNA, we suggest that out-of-frame restarts and RNA secondary structure bridge long distances between the point of termination and downstream restart codons. Such bridging mechanisms could serve more generally as a means of propagating translational activity across long polycistronic mRNAs.
Heat shock and the heat shock proteins (1986)

Research Article| December 01 1986 Heat shock and the heat shock proteins R H Burdon R H Burdon Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1986) 240 (2): 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2400313 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R H Burdon; Heat shock and the heat shock proteins. Biochem J 1 December 1986; 240 (2): 313–324. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2400313 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1986 London: The Biochemical Society1986 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
IC quality and test transparency (1989)

It is shown that extremely high single-stuck fault coverage is necessary for high-quality products. Even 100% single-stuck fault coverage may not guarantee adequate quality. Results are presented that extend previous work and show that for high required IC quality, process yield has a negligible effect on required test thoroughness. The extensions consist of: removing the assumption of a one-to-one correspondence between chip defects and single-stuck faults; demonstrating that for high quality levels the dependence of quality on test coverage is linear rather than exponential and that for high yields, the dependence of quality on yield is also linear; and showing that the yield used in the calculations should be functional rather than die yield. The theoretical results are compared with data obtained from measurements at a production IC facility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Attitudes towards skills examinations for basic surgical trainees (2005)

Objective measures of surgical skill and cognition are becoming available. A questionnaire study examining surgeons' beliefs towards a skills-based examination, current standards and possible benefits was devised. Three hundred pairs of standardised anonymous questionnaires were sent to consultants and their basic surgical trainees (BSTs) irrespective of surgical specialty. Responses were requested using a Likert scale (1-5, 3=neutral response). Two-hundred and two replies were received (including 54 pairs). BST experience ranged from 6 to 60 months (mean 24 months). When questioned regarding current training in basic surgical skills, only 34% believed that they were given adequate training at present. Sixty-four per cent of respondents believed the introduction of a skills examination would raise standards and 66% believed it necessary. Eighty-three per cent of respondents believed that they or their BST would practice these skills, if an examination were introduced and 85% wanted or would provide dedicated teaching time for this. However, 68% had no access to a dedicated skills facility, and uptake of these, where available, was variable. When questioned about their ability to perform the six appropriate tasks, there was a poor correlation of scoring between the groups. Consultants and their BSTs do not believe that they are given adequate training in basic skills. The introduction of an examination would lead to practice of these skills and is seen as a positive move.
Design of non binary LDPC codes using their binary image: algebraic properties (2006)

In this paper, we develop algebraic properties of regular (2, t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> , N) non binary LDPC codes designed using their binary image. First, we characterize the algebraic properties of optimized rows of the parity check matrix H associated with a code, and then we study the algebraic properties of cycles and stopping sets associated with the underlaying Tanner graph
Glass transition of undrawn and drawn copolyetherester thermoplastic elastomers (2003)

The phase and deformation behaviour of two types of copolyetheresters (the block copolymers E and P) were studied by means of DSC, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The block copolymers E and P based on poly(butylene therephtalate) (PBT) as a hard block have poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) and triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO) with a middle poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) block and two end poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a soft block, respectively. The complex investigation shows that the studied copolyetheresters are microphase separated polymer systems in the amorphous matrix of which the PBT crystallites are embedded. The volume fraction of PBT crystallites depends on the block copolymer composition and changes from 5 to 20%. In the amorphous matrix that is the mixed PBT/ the soft block phase the soft block acts as a PBT plasticizer reducing the glass transition temperature of the amorphous mixed phase. The most interesting aspect of the phase behaviour of the copolyetheresters consists in the fact that, in comparison with PTMO, the triblock is characterized by a more pronounced PBT plasticization effect. A special emphasis was placed in this work on the investigation of an increased glass transition temperature of drawn copolyetheresters. It was found that this process depends on the volume fraction of PBT crystallites and chemical structure of the soft blocks. The first factor characterizes the interaction between the amorphous mixed phase and PBT crystallites and, therefore, the higher value of the volume fraction of PBT crystallites the higher is the glass transition temperature of drawn copolyetheresters. The second factor determines the PBT plasticization effect of the soft blocks and a level of the interaction of chains in the amorphous mixed phase. Because of a weaker PBT plasticization effect of PTMO in comparison with that of the triblock, the deformation of the block copolymer E is accompanied by a more pronounced elevation of the glass transition temperature in comparison with the block copolymer P.
The emergence of life from iron monosulphide bubbles at a submarine hydrothermal redox and pH front (1997)

Here we argue that life emerged on Earth from a redox and pH front at c. 4.2 Ga. This front occurred where hot (c. 150 degrees C), extremely reduced, alkaline, bisulphide-bearing, submarine seepage waters interfaced with the acid, warm (c. 90 degrees C), iron-hearing Hadean ocean. The low pH of the ocean was imparted by the ten bars of CO2 considered to dominate the Hadean atmosphere/hydrosphere. Disequilibrium between the two solutions was maintained by the spontaneous precipitation of a colloidal FeS membrane. Iron monosulphide bubbles comprising this membrane were inflated by the hydrothermal solution upon sulphide mounds at the seepage sites. Our hypothesis is that the FeS membrane, laced with nickel, acted as a semipermeable catalytic boundary between the two fluids, encouraging synthesis of organic anions by hydrogenation and carboxylation of hydrothermal organic primers. The ocean provided carbonate, phosphate, iron, nickel and protons; the hydrothermal solution was the source of ammonia, acetate, HS-, H2 and tungsten, as well as minor concentrations of organic sulphides and perhaps cyanide and acetaldehyde. The mean redox potential (delta Eh) across the membrane, with the energy to drive synthesis, would have approximated to 300 millivolts. The generation of organic anions would have led to an increase in osmotic pressure within the FeS bubbles. Thus osmotic pressure could take over from hydraulic pressure as the driving force for distension, budding and reproduction of the bubbles. Condensation of the organic molecules to polymers, particularly organic sulphides, was driven by pyrophosphate hydrolysis. Regeneration of pyrophosphate from the monophosphate in the membrane was facilitated by protons contributed from the Hadean ocean. This was the first use by a metabolizing system of protonmotive force (driven by natural delta pH) which also would have amounted to c. 300 millivolts. Protonmotive force is the universal energy transduction mechanism of life. Taken together with the redox potential across the membrane, the total electrochemical and chemical energy available for protometabolism amounted to a continuous supply at more than half a volt. The role of the iron sulphide membrane in keeping the two solutions separated was appropriated by the newly synthesized organic sulphide polymers. This organic take-over of the membrane material led to the miniaturization of the metabolizing system. Information systems to govern replication could have developed penecontemporaneously in this same milieu. But iron, sulphur and phosphate, inorganic components of earliest life, continued to be involved in metabolism.
Nucleoside S-alkyl phosphorothioates. III. Application to oligonucleotide synthesis (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleoside S-alkyl phosphorothioates. III. Application to oligonucleotide synthesisAlan F. Cook, Michael J. Holman, and Alexander L. NussbaumCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 23, 6479–6484Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01051a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01051a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robo-AO: An Autonomous Laser Adaptive Optics and Science System (2011)

Robo-AO, a fully autonomous, laser guide star adaptive optics and science system, is being commissioned at Palomar Observatory’s 60-inch telescope. Here we discuss the instrument, scientific goals and results of initial on-sky operation.
DNA Directed Self-Assembly of Anisotropic Plasmonic Nanostructures (2011)

Programmable positioning of one-dimensional (1D) gold nanorods (AuNRs) was achieved by DNA directed self-assembly. AuNR dimer structures with various predetermined inter-rod angles and relative distances were constructed with high efficiency. These discrete anisotropic metallic nanostructures exhibit unique plasmonic properties, as measured experimentally and simulated by the discrete dipole approximation method.
Miniature self‐contained intravascular magnetic resonance (IVMI) probe for clinical applications (2005)

A miniature (1.73 mm in diameter) NMR probe, which contains a magnet and a radiofrequency (RF) coil, is presented. This probe is integrated at the tip of a standard catheter and can be inserted into the human coronary arteries, creating local magnetic fields needed to obtain the NMR signal from the blood vessel walls, without the need for external magnet or RF coils. The basic theory governing the probe performance in terms of signal-to-noise-ratio and contrast parameters is presented, along with measured results from test samples. The NMR signal can be analyzed to obtain tissue contrast parameters such as T1, T2 and the diffusion coefficient, which may be used to detect lipid-rich vulnerable plaques in the coronary arteries.
The Dark Alleys of Madison Avenue (2014)

Online advertising drives the economy of the World Wide Web. Modern websites of any size and popularity include advertisements to monetize visits from their users. To this end, they assign an area of their web page to an advertising company (so called ad exchange) that will use it to display promotional content. By doing this, the website owner implicitly trusts that the advertising company will offer legitimate content and it will not put the site's visitors at risk of falling victims of malware campaigns and other scams.
Sharing His Knowledge with Africa's Students (2007)

Professor Martin Dwomoh-Tweneboah is helping to bring technology to Africa University, the first private institution of higher education in Zimbabwe.
Correlations between the Poincaré Plot and Conventional Heart Rate Variability Parameters Assessed during Paced Breathing (2007)

The descriptors of the Poincaré plot of RR intervals are significantly correlated with measures of BRS and time and frequency domain HRV, but not with heart rate. A faster respiratory rate reduces long-term HRV measures and temporarily increases HF.
Organ distribution of asialo-red blood cell ghosts: an attempt at targeting to the liver. (1986)

We investigated the organ distribution of four types of red blood cells (RBC) preparations: native RBC, asialo-RBC, native ghosts and asialo-ghosts. Intravenously injected asialo-ghosts were rapidly removed from the blood stream and accumulated mainly in the liver 120 min after the injection. Our results suggest that asialo-ghosts are a simple and effective carrier for targeting of drugs to the liver.