gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CONDENSATION OF 4-DIMETHYLAMINOBENZALDEHYDE WITH VANILLALACETONE AND VANILLALACETONE DERIVATIVES (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCONDENSATION OF 4-DIMETHYLAMINOBENZALDEHYDE WITH VANILLALACETONE AND VANILLALACETONE DERIVATIVESL. CHAS. RAIFORD and MARGARET M. COOPERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1938, 03, 1, 11–15Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01218a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01218a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Laser Texturing of Steel Surfaces and Speed-Load Parameters on the Transition of Lubrication Regime from Boundary to Hydrodynamic (2004)

Laser surface texturing (LST) is an emerging, effective method for improving the tribological performance of friction units lubricated with oil. In LST technology, a pulsating laser beam is used to create thousands of arranged microdimples on a surface by a material ablation process. These dimples generate hydrodynamic pressure between oil-lubricated parallel sliding surfaces. The impact of LST on lubricating-regime transitions was investigated in this study. Tribological experiments were carried out on pin-on-disk test apparatus at sliding speeds that ranged from 0.15 to 0.75 m/s and nominal contact pressures that ranged from 0.16 to 1.6 MPa. Two types of oil with different viscosities (54.8 cSt and 124.7 cSt at 40°C) were evaluated as lubricants. Electrical resistance between flat-pin and laser-textured disks was used to determine the operating lubrication regime. The test results showed that laser texturing expanded the range of speed-load parameters for hydrodynamic lubrication. LST also reduced the measured friction coefficients of contacts that operated under the hydrodynamic regime. The beneficial effects of laser surface texturing are more pronounced at higher speeds and loads and with higher viscosity oil.
Making risk visible: The role of images in the assessment of (cancer) genetic risk (2002)

Whilst analysis of 'risk' (in its many conceptual shapes) has loomed large in both medicine and social sciences over the past 25 years, detailed investigations as to how risk assessments are actually put together (in either lay or professional contexts) are few in number. The studies that are available usually focus on the use of words or everyday conversation in assembling risk. Talking about risk is, of course, important, but what tends to be ignored is the fact that risk can be and is often made visible. For example, it can be made visible through the use of tables, charts, diagrams and various kinds of sophisticated laboratory images. This paper concentrates on the role of such images in the context of a cancer genetics clinic and its associated laboratory. Precisely how these images are tied into the production of risk estimates, how professionals discuss and use such images in clinical work, and how professionals reference them to display facts about risk is the focus of the paper. The paper concludes by highlighting the significance of different kinds of visibility for an understanding of genetic abnormalities and how such differences might impact on the attempts of lay people to get to grips with risk.
DNA Array-Based Transcriptional Analysis of Asporogenous, Nonsolventogenic <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> Strains SKO1 and M5 (2003)

The large-scale transcriptional program of two Clostridium acetobutylicum strains (SKO1 and M5) relative to that of the parent strain (wild type [WT]) was examined by using DNA microarrays. Glass DNA arrays containing a selected set of 1,019 genes (including all 178 pSOL1 genes) covering more than 25% of the whole genome were designed, constructed, and validated for data reliability. Strain SKO1, with an inactivated spo0A gene, displays an asporogenous, filamentous, and largely deficient solventogenic phenotype. SKO1 displays downregulation of all solvent formation genes, sigF, and carbohydrate metabolism genes (similar to genes expressed as part of the stationary-phase response in Bacillus subtilis) but also several electron transport genes. A major cluster of genes upregulated in SKO1 includes abrB, the genes from the major chemotaxis and motility operons, and glycosylation genes. Strain M5 displays an asporogenous and nonsolventogenic phenotype due to loss of the megaplasmid pSOL1, which contains all genes necessary for solvent formation. Therefore, M5 displays downregulation of all pSOL1 genes expressed in the WT. Notable among other genes expressed more highly in WT than in M5 were sigF, several two-component histidine kinases, spo0A, cheA, cheC, many stress response genes, fts family genes, DNA topoisomerase genes, and central-carbon metabolism genes. Genes expressed more highly in M5 include electron transport genes (but different from those downregulated in SKO1) and several motility and chemotaxis genes. Most of these expression patterns were consistent with phenotypic characteristics. Several of these expression patterns are new or different from what is known in B. subtilis and can be used to test a number of functional-genomic hypotheses.
Effects of low-pass filtering on the intelligibility of speech in quiet for people with and without dead regions at high frequencies (2001)

A dead region is a region of the cochlea where there are no functioning inner hair cells (IHCs) and/or neurons; it can be characterized in terms of the characteristic frequencies of the IHCs bordering that region. We examined the effect of high-frequency amplification on speech perception for subjects with high-frequency hearing loss with and without dead regions. The limits of any dead regions were defined by measuring psychophysical tuning curves and were confirmed using the TEN test described in Moore et al. [Br. J. Audiol. 34, 205-224 (2000)]. The speech stimuli were vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) nonsense syllables, using one of three vowels (/i/, /a/, and /u/) and 21 different consonants. In a baseline condition, subjects were tested using broadband stimuli with a nominal input level of 65 dB SPL. Prior to presentation via Sennheiser HD580 earphones, the stimuli were subjected to the frequency-gain characteristic prescribed by the "Cambridge" formula, which is intended to give speech at 65 dB SPL the same overall loudness as for a normal listener, and to make the average loudness of the speech the same for each critical band over the frequency range important for speech intelligibility (in a listener without a dead region). The stimuli for all other conditions were initially subjected to this same frequency-gain characteristic. Then, the speech was low-pass filtered with various cutoff frequencies. For subjects without dead regions, performance generally improved progressively with increasing cutoff frequency. This indicates that they benefited from high-frequency information. For subjects with dead regions, two patterns of performance were observed. For most subjects, performance improved with increasing cutoff frequency until the cutoff frequency was somewhat above the estimated edge frequency of the dead region, but hardly changed with further increases. For a few subjects, performance initially improved with increasing cutoff frequency and then worsened with further increases, although the worsening was significant only for one subject. The results have important implications for the fitting of hearing aids.
A community service (1988)

Victor Hole highlights the Buckingham Mental Health Service which offers intensive management of mental disorders in the community instead of a hospital environment
<title>Automatic modeling of 3-D moving objects from a TV image sequence</title> (1990)

Luminance changes in a TV image sequence can be interpreted as being due to a scene consisting of 3D-objects moving with 6 degrees of freedom in 3D-space. The 3D-space is illuminated by a light source and is observed by a camera. A parametric model is presented which employs an explicit representation of the illumination source, the camera, and the 3D-objects. A method is suggested, in which an Analysis-by-Synthesis-process automatically extracts the model parameters from an incoming sequence of monocular TV images and thereby allows the modelling of the 3D scene. Since a parametric description of a complex scene resulting in a physically satisfactory modelling cannot be achieved in all generality, we have concentrated on the modelling of quasi- rigid, natural objects with homogeneous surfaces like the head-shoulder parts of human beings.
Homology modeling with internal coordinate mechanics: Deformation zone mapping and improvements of models via conformational search (1997)

Five models by homology containing insertions and deletions and ranging from 33% to 48% sequence identity to the known homologue, and one high sequence identity (85%) model were built for the CASP2 meeting. For all five low identity targets: (i) our starting models were improved by the Internal Coordinate Mechanics (ICM) energy optimization, (ii) the refined models were consistently better than those built with the automatic SWISS-MODEL program, and (iii) the refined models differed by less than 2% from the best model submitted, as judged by the residue contact area difference (CAD) measure [Abagyan, R.A., Totrov, M.J. Mol. Biol. 268:678-685, 1997]. The CAD measure is proposed for ranking models built by homology instead of global root-mean-square deviation, which is frequently dominated by insignificant yet large contributions from incorrectly predicted fragments or side chains. We demonstrate that the precise identification of regions of local backbone deviation is an independent and crucial step in the homology modeling procedure after alignment, since aligned fragments can strongly deviate from the template at various distances from the alignment gap or even in the ungapped parts of the alignment. We show that a local alignment score can be used as an indicator of such local deviation. While four short loops of the meeting targets were predicted by database search, the best loop 1 target T0028, for which the correct database fragment was not found, was predicted by Internal Coordinate Mechanics global energy optimization at 1.2 A accuracy. A classification scheme for errors in homology modeling is proposed.
Geometric path following control for multirotor vehicles using nonlinear model predictive control and 3D spline paths (2016)

There is strong interest in Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) control architectures which are able to systematically respect physical limitations of the plant. Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) inherits the required constraint handling abilities and is easy to reconfigure in case of plant degradation. This work presents a promising cascaded control architecture for multirotors for the task to follow a geometric path. In contrast to existing NMPC implementations for path following, three times continuously differentiable reference trajectories are required due to the underactuated nature of multirotor vehicles. This is achieved by defining a path by a quartic spline and employ fourth order path dynamics. The proposed controller considers the dynamics of the inner acceleration loop explicitly so that the assumption of time-scale separation between the controller cascades can be dropped. The presented implementation allows for online adaptation of plant and control parameters as a first step towards application in a fault-tolerant setup. High fidelity simulation results demonstrate the favorable performance. Due to the observed runtimes well below a tenth of the sample rate, deployability to the onboard embedded computer can be expected.
Difference gel electrophoresis analysis of Ras‐transformed fibroblast cell‐derived exosomes (2008)

Exosomes are membrane vesicles of endocytic origin released by many cell types. The molecular composition of exosomes reflects the specialised functions of their original cells. For example, these vesicles can mediate communication through their ability to bind to target cells, facilitating processes such as vascular homeostasis and antigen presentation. Although the proteomes of exosomes from several cell types are known, exploration of exosomes from additional cell types may improve our understanding of their potential physiological roles. Here, we describe the isolation and characterisation of exosomes isolated from the culture medium of murine fibroblast NIH3T3 cells and Ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells. The vesicular nature and size (30-100 nm) of the purified fibroblast exosomes was confirmed by electron microscopy. 2-D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) was used to compare protein profiles of exosomes secreted from NIH3T3 cells and Ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells. LC-MS/MS sequencing identified proteins in 188 protein spots in the exosomes from the two cell lines, many of which have been previously identified in exosomes from other cell types. However, some proteins identified are novel for fibroblast exosomes, such as Serpin B6. Over 34 proteins, including milk fat globule EGF factor 8 (lactadherin), collagen alpha-1 (VI), 14-3-3 isoforms, guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), the eukaryotic translation initiation factors elF-3 gamma and elF-5A accumulated (>2-fold) in exosomes upon Ras-induced oncogenic transformation. Significantly, the 10.4-fold increase in v-Ha-Ras p21 protein in exosomes derived from Ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells suggests that exosome secretion may be implicated in eradication of obsolete proteins.
Sandwich Enzyme Immunoassays for Detection of Salmonella Typhi (1990)

Enzyme immunoassays were developed using monoclonal antibodies raised against somatic (O), flagellar (H) and capsular (Vi) antigens of Salmonella typhi. The assay based on anti-O monoclonal antibodies could specifically detect S. typhi and soluble lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from S. typhi. Anti-H MoAbs detected motile S. typhi and soluble flagellar antigen. Monoclonal antibodies against capsular polysaccharide could detect Vi-containing S. typhi as well as soluble Vi antigen. The three assays reported here detected S. typhi with 100% sensitivity in blood culture broths obtained from bacteriologically confirmed typhoid patients and were negative with blood specimens containing Salmonella senftenberg, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis or Streptococcus (alpha-hemolytic) derived from patients with pyrexia. The assays, however, did not demonstrate the presence of soluble antigens in sera and urine samples obtained from typhoid patients.
Fundamentals of Photovoltaic Modules and Their Applications (2009)

Presently there is no single publication available which covers the topics related to photovoltaic (PV) or photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) technologies, thermal modelling, CO2 mitigation and carbon trading. This book disseminates the current knowledge in the fundamentals of solar energy, photovoltaic (PV) or photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) technologies, energy security and climate change and is aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate students and professionals. The main emphasis of the book is on the design, construction, performance and application of PV and PV/T from the electricity and thermal standpoint. Hot topics covered in the book include: energy security of a nation, climate change, CO2 mitigation and carbon credit earned by using PV or PV/T technologies (Carbon Trading). This information will prove helpful in filling the gap between the researchers and professionals working on the application of photovoltaic and global climate change. It also covers economic, cost effective and sustainable aspects of photovoltaic technologies. The book gives a detailed history of the new technological developments in PV/T systems worldwide with system photographs and references and elaborates on the fundamentals of hybrid systems and their performances with thermal modelling. Energy and exergy analysis, techno-economic analysis and carbon trading are key chapters for research professionals. The book also includes important case studies to aid understanding of the subject for all readers.
Discovery and Function of a General Core Hormetic Stress Response in E. coli Induced by Sublethal Concentrations of Antibiotics (2016)

A better understanding of the impact of antibiotics on bacteria is required to increase the efficiency of antibiotic treatments and to slow the emergence of resistance. Using Escherichia coli, we examined how bacteria exposed to sublethal concentrations of ampicillin adjust gene expression patterns and metabolism to simultaneously deal with the antibiotic-induced damage and maintain rapid growth. We found that the treated cells increased energy production, as well as translation and macromolecular repair and protection. These responses are adaptive, because they confer increased survival not only to lethal ampicillin treatment but also to non-antibiotic lethal stresses. This robustness is modulated by nutrient availability. Because different antibiotics and other stressors induce the same set of responses, we propose that it constitutes a general core hormetic stress response. It is plausible that this response plays an important role in the robustness of bacteria exposed to antibiotic treatments and constant environmental fluctuations in natural environments.
Severe and unrecognised: pertussis in UK infants (2003)

Severe pertussis is under diagnosed. An RSV diagnosis does not exclude pertussis. Future changes to the UK vaccination programme should aim to reduce pertussis transmission to young infants by their parents and older siblings.
Learning Machine Translation (2010)

The Internet gives us access to a wealth of information in languages we don't understand. The investigation of automated or semi-automated approaches to translation has become a thriving research field with enormous commercial potential. This volume investigates how machine learning techniques can improve statistical machine translation, currently at the forefront of research in the field. The book looks first at enabling technologiestechnologies that solve problems that are not machine translation proper but are linked closely to the development of a machine translation system. These include the acquisition of bilingual sentence-aligned data from comparable corpora, automatic construction of multilingual name dictionaries, and word alignment. The book then presents new or improved statistical machine translation techniques, including a discriminative training framework for leveraging syntactic information, the use of semi-supervised and kernel-based learning methods, and the combination of multiple machine translation outputs in order to improve overall translation quality. Contributors: Srinivas Bangalore, Nicola Cancedda, Josep M. Crego, Marc Dymetman, Jakob Elming, George Foster, Jess Gimnez, Cyril Goutte, Nizar Habash, Gholamreza Haffari, Patrick Haffner, Hitoshi Isahara, Stephan Kanthak, Alexandre Klementiev, Gregor Leusch, Pierre Mah, Llus Mrquez, Evgeny Matusov, I. Dan Melamed, Ion Muslea, Hermann Ney, Bruno Pouliquen, Dan Roth, Anoop Sarkar, John Shawe-Taylor, Ralf Steinberger, Joseph Turian, Nicola Ueffing, Masao Utiyama, Zhuoran Wang, Benjamin Wellington, Kenji Yamada Neural Information Processing series
Conformation and Optical Rotation of Restricted Biphenyls. Configurational Correlation of Biaryls by Optical Displacement. The Absolute Configuration of Restricted 1,1'-Binaphthyls<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformation and Optical Rotation of Restricted Biphenyls. Configurational Correlation of Biaryls by Optical Displacement. The Absolute Configuration of Restricted 1,1'-Binaphthyls1Donald D. Fitts, Maurice Siegel, and Kurt MislowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 2, 480–486Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01535a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01535a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views345Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Setipiprant, a selective <scp>CRTH</scp>2 antagonist, reduces allergen‐induced airway responses in allergic asthmatics (2014)

Setipiprant at multiple oral doses was well tolerated and reduced both the allergen-induced LAR and the associated AHR in allergic asthmatics. Our findings confirm that CRTH2 may be a promising target for the treatment of allergic disorders.
Quercetin in Food: Possible Mechanisms of Its Effect on Memory (2018)

Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is found in vegetables and fruits. It is one of the major flavonoids that is part of human diets. Quercetin has several pharmacological effects in the nervous system as a neuroprotective agent. In this review, we summarize the research on quercetin and its role in memory in both animals and humans. Articles were chosen from the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. In this review, we describe and summarize the importance of quercetin's presence in the body, particularly in the brain; its kinetics, including its absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion; its behavioral effects; and some of the possible mechanisms of action of quercetin on memory in different animal models. Several important pathways that may be involved in the processes of learning and memory, long-term potentiation, and cognition may be impaired during neurological diseases or other medical conditions. As dietary quercetin is important, provision of its best formulation for delivery to the brain as a nutraceutical and in clinical translational research for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia is necessary.