gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An In-Situ Photometric and Energy Analysis of a Sulfur Lamp Lighting System (1995)

This paper describes the results of a photometric and energy analysis that was conducted on a new light guide and sulfur lamp system recently installed at the U.S. Department of Energy's Forrestal Building.This novel system couples two high lumen output, high efficiency sulfur lamps to a single 73 m (240 ft.) hollow light guide lined with a reflective prismatic film.The system lights a large roadway and plaza area that lies beneath a section of the building.It has been designed to completely replace the grid of 280 mercury vapor lamps formerly used to light the space.This paper details the results of a field study that characterizes the significant energy savings and increased illumination levels that have been achieved.Comparisons to modeled HID lighting scenarios are also included.
Room temperature ferroelectric properties of Mn-substituted BiFeO3 thin films deposited on Pt electrodes using chemical solution deposition (2006)

Mn-substituted BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films were fabricated by chemical solution deposition on Pt∕Ti∕SiO2∕Si(100) structures. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the BFO lattice was somewhat distorted when 5% of Fe atoms were substituted with Mn atoms, but no secondary phase appeared by Mn substitution up to 20%. The leakage current density at higher electric field than 0.6MV∕cm decreased by Mn substitution of 3%–5%, compared with a pure BFO film. Because of the low leakage current density in the high electric field region, well saturated polarization hysteresis loops with remanent polarization of 100μC∕cm2 were observed in the 5% Mn-substituted BFO films at a measurement frequency of 1kHz.
Solvent stimulation in low gravity oil reservoirs (1968)

The types of reservoirs most responsive to solvent- surfactant stimulation are described and examples of successful field programs discussed. Use of produced fluid analyses to monitor changes in fluid properties with time and to interpret treatment effectiveness has proved invaluable. Prestimulation fluid analysis can also aid in defining problems and in treatment design. Damage type-solvent effectiveness relationships have been studied and methods for extending the application of solvent treatments are discussed. Field treatment optimization has been used to formulate successful stimulation programs. Finally, solvent-surfactant stimulation is compared with steam stimulation as a method for removal of production damage caused by organic deposits. (10 refs.)
Amino Acid Residues of S-modulin Responsible for Interaction with Rhodopsin Kinase (2000)

S-modulin in frog or its bovine homologue, recoverin, is a 23-kDa EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein found in rod photoreceptors. The Ca(2+)-bound form of S-modulin binds to rhodopsin kinase (Rk) and inhibits its activity. Through this regulation, S-modulin is thought to modulate the light sensitivity of a rod. In the present study, we tried to identify the interaction site of the Ca(2+)-bound form of S-modulin to Rk. First, we mapped roughly the interaction regions by using partial peptides of S-modulin. The result suggested that a specific region near the amino terminus is the interaction site of S-modulin. We then identified the essential amino acid residues in this region by using S-modulin mutant proteins: four amino acid residues (Phe(22), Glu(26), Phe(55), and Thr(92)) were suggested to interact with Rk. These residues are located in a small closed pocket in the Ca(2+)-free, inactive form of S-modulin, but exposed to the surface of the molecule in the Ca(2+)-bound, active form of S-modulin. Two additional amino acid residues (Tyr(108) and Arg(150)) were found to be crucial for the Ca(2+)-dependent conformational changes of S-modulin.
Emotion Detection on TV Show Transcripts with Sequence-based Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

While there have been significant advances in detecting emotions from speech and image recognition, emotion detection on text is still under-explored and remained as an active research field. This paper introduces a corpus for text-based emotion detection on multiparty dialogue as well as deep neural models that outperform the existing approaches for document classification. We first present a new corpus that provides annotation of seven emotions on consecutive utterances in dialogues extracted from the show, Friends. We then suggest four types of sequence-based convolutional neural network models with attention that leverage the sequence information encapsulated in dialogue. Our best model shows the accuracies of 37.9% and 54% for fine- and coarse-grained emotions, respectively. Given the difficulty of this task, this is promising.
Five-Coordinate Hydrido−Ruthenium(II) Complexes Featuring N-Heterocyclic Silylene and Carbene Ligands (2010)

The reactions of [RuCl2(═CHPh)(PCy3)2] or [RuHCl(η-H2)(PCy3)2] with the N-heterocyclic silylene :Si(NtBuCH)2 (ISitBu) affords the coordinatively unsaturated silylene complex [RuHCl(ISitBu)(PCy3)2]. For comparative purposes, the corresponding complex [RuHCl(IiPr)(PCy3)2] (IiPr = :C(NiPrCH)2) was obtained from [RuHCl(η-H2)(PCy3)2] and IiPr.
Outcomes and prognostic factors of cervical cancer after concurrent chemoradiation (2012)

Cisplatin-based CCRT is well-tolerated. Good clinical response revealed a favorable correlation to survival. A maximal effort to achieve this goal might prolong survival in patients with cervical cancer.
Distribution-Based Behavioral Distance for Nondeterministic Fuzzy Transition Systems (2017)

Modal logics and behavioral equivalences play an important role in the specification and verification of concurrent systems. In this paper, we first present a new notion of bisimulation for nondeterministic fuzzy transition systems, which is distribution based and coarser than state-based bisimulation appeared in the literature. Then, we define a distribution-based bisimilarity metric as the least fixed point of a suitable monotonic function on a complete lattice, which is a behavioral distance and is a more robust way of formalizing behavioral similarity between states than bisimulations. We also propose an on-the-fly algorithm for computing the bisimilarity metric. Moreover, we present a fuzzy modal logic and provide a sound and complete characterization of the bisimilarity metric. Interestingly, this characterization holds for a class of fuzzy modal logics. In addition, we show the nonexpansiveness of a typical parallel composition operator with respect to the bisimilarity metric, which makes compositional verification possible.
Vascular endothelial growth factor is constitutively expressed in normal human salivary glands and is secreted in the saliva of healthy individuals (1998)

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a specific mitogen for endothelial cells, was examined in salivary glands and in normal saliva. In normal salivary glands, VEGF mRNA and protein were strongly present in acinar cells, whereas little or no VEGF was found in ductal cells. In chronically inflamed glands, VEGF protein was in addition present in ductal elements and in infiltrating mononuclear cells. No difference of VEGF expression was observed between benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. By ELISA, whole saliva of 24 healthy individuals contained up to 2.5 ng/ml (mean 1.4 ng/ml; SD 0.77 ng/ml) of VEGF, confirming the constitutive secretion of this cytokine by human salivary glands. Western blot analysis of normal saliva under non-reducing conditions detected anti-VEGF reactive protein moieties of approximately 46 kD, corresponding to VEGF secreted by cells in tissue culture. Additional anti-VEGF reactive proteins of approximately 60 and 90 kD were detected in the saliva of some individuals. The presence of considerable quantities of VEGF in normal human saliva suggests an important role for this cytokine in the maintenance of the homeostasis of mucous membranes, with rapid induction of neoangiogenesis by salivary VEGF helping to accelerate wound healing within the oral cavity. Moreover, salivary VEGF may permeabilize intraglandular capillaries and thus participate in the regulation of saliva production itself.
STING is required for host defense against neuropathological West Nile virus infection (2019)

West Nile Virus (WNV), an emerging and re-emerging RNA virus, is the leading source of arboviral encephalitic morbidity and mortality in the United States. WNV infections are acutely controlled by innate immunity in peripheral tissues outside of the central nervous system (CNS) but WNV can evade the actions of interferon (IFN) to facilitate CNS invasion, causing encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and death. Recent studies indicate that STimulator of INterferon Gene (STING), canonically known for initiating a type I IFN production and innate immune response to cytosolic DNA, is required for host defense against neurotropic RNA viruses. We evaluated the role of STING in host defense to control WNV infection and pathology in a murine model of infection. When challenged with WNV, STING knock out (-/-) mice displayed increased morbidity and mortality compared to wild type (WT) mice. Virologic analysis and assessment of STING activation revealed that STING signaling was not required for control of WNV in the spleen nor was WNV sufficient to mediate canonical STING activation in vitro. However, STING-/- mice exhibited a clear trend of increased viral load and virus dissemination in the CNS. We found that STING-/- mice exhibited increased and prolonged neurological signs compared to WT mice. Pathological examination revealed increased lesions, mononuclear cellular infiltration and neuronal death in the CNS of STING-/- mice, with sustained pathology after viral clearance. We found that STING was required in bone marrow derived macrophages for early control of WNV replication and innate immune activation. In vivo, STING-/- mice developed an aberrant T cell response in both the spleen and brain during WNV infection that linked with increased and sustained CNS pathology compared to WT mice. Our findings demonstrate that STING plays a critical role in immune programming for the control of neurotropic WNV infection and CNS disease.
Synthesis of ω-Hydroxy Carboxylic Acids and α,ω-Dimethyl Ketones Using α,ω-Diols As Alkylating Agents (2010)

Synthesis of omega-hydroxy carboxylic acids and alpha,omega-dimethyl diketones was successfully achieved by using alpha,omega-diols as alkylating agents under the influence of an iridium catalyst. For example, the alkylation of butyl cyanoacetate with 1,13-tridecanediol in the presence of [IrCl(cod)](2) or [IrCl(coe)(2)](2) gave rise to butyl 2-cyano-15-hydroxypentadecanoate in good yield which is easily converted to cyclopentadecanolide (CPDL). In addition, the alkylation of acetone with 1,10-decanediol in the presence of [IrCl(cod)](2) and KOH resulted in an important muscone precursor, 2,15-hexadecanedione (HDDO), in good yield.
Epidermal growth factor receptor downregulation by small heterodimeric binding proteins (2011)

No single engineered protein has been shown previously to robustly downregulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a validated cancer target. A panel of fibronectin-based domains was engineered to bind with picomolar to nanomolar affinity to multiple epitopes of EGFR. Monovalent and homo- and hetero-bivalent dimers of these domains were tested for EGFR downregulation. Selected orientations of non-competitive heterodimers decrease EGFR levels by up to 80% in multiple cell types, without activating receptor signaling. These heterodimers inhibit autophosphorylation, proliferation and migration, and are synergistic with the monoclonal antibody cetuximab in these activities. These small (25 kDa) heterodimers represent a novel modality for modulating surface receptor levels.
OpenCard: talking to your smart card (1999)

The authors discuss smart card technology, focusing on their OpenCard Framework. They discuss applications of smart cards and high level APIs. They consider how smart cards are attractive for mobile computing.
Human Cytomegalovirus Strain Toledo Lacks a Virus‐Encoded Tropism Factor Required for Infection of Aortic Endothelial Cells (2001)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strains were investigated to identify those with altered tropism for endothelial cells. In viral replication kinetics analysis, HCMV strain Toledo replicated poorly in aortic endothelial cells (AECs), and the virus count was reduced by 2-3 log units, in comparison with strain AD169. Virus entry at the cell surface for each strain was equivalent. However, immunofluorescence studies revealed a lack of immediate early viral antigen 72 expression, and direct blot hybridization failed to detect viral genomes in the nucleus of Toledo-infected AECs. Complementation assays were done to determine whether endothelial cell infectivity was dependent on a virus-encoded tropism factor. Pseudotype virus in endothelial cell cultures indicated that AD169 could provide trans factors to rescue Toledo during infection of endothelial cells. Collectively, these results show that a viral function provides an endothelial cell tropism factor for HCMV and plays a role during postentry infection events.
Hydroxychloroquine: a comprehensive review and its controversial role in coronavirus disease 2019 (2020)

Hydroxychloroquine, initially used as an antimalarial, is used as an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent for the management of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Lately, there has been interest in its potential efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, with several speculated mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on the mechanisms surrounding hydroxychloroquine. The review is an in-depth analysis of the antimalarial, immunomodulatory, and antiviral mechanisms of hydroxychloroquine, with detailed and novel pictorial explanations. The mechanisms of hydroxychloroquine are related to potential cardiotoxic manifestations and demonstrate potential adverse effects when used for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Finally, current literature associated with hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19 has been analyzed to interrelate the mechanisms, adverse effects, and use of hydroxychloroquine in the current pandemic. Currently, there is insufficient evidence about the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19. KEY MESSAGES HCQ, initially an antimalarial agent, is used as an immunomodulatory agent for managing several autoimmune diseases, for which its efficacy is linked to inhibiting lysosomal antigen processing, MHC-II antigen presentation, and TLR functions. HCQ is generally well-tolerated although severe life-threatening adverse effects including cardiomyopathy and conduction defects have been reported. HCQ use in COVID-19 should be discouraged outside clinical trials under strict medical supervision.
Improved Means of Reducing Drag in ERD Applications (2002)

The increasing number of difficult Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) applications in recent years has emphasized the need for reducing drill string drag. Drill string drag can substantially limit weight on bit and negatively effect directional control. An improved type of drill pipe deployed Non-Rotating Drill Pipe Protector (NRDPP) has been developed that was found, both in laboratory tests and in actual down-hole drilling/sliding applications, to reduce drag inside casing up to 50% of that for bare drill pipe. This new tool incorporates existing NRDPP fluid bearing technology for torque reduction along with a modified geometry and the use of low-friction wear pads to reduce drag. This paper describes the design and testing of the new “Low-Drag” NRDPP and provides a detailed discussion of three different wells that were drilled using this new tool for the purpose of providing drag, torque, and casing wear reduction. The wells, drilled by major oil companies in different regions of the world, were of varying profiles and possessed a unique set of operational circumstances.
Motion estimation from range images in dynamic outdoor scenes (2010)

Object-class independent motion estimation from range data is a challenging task. We present here a novel approach that is able to derive a dense motion field based on range images only. We propose to first segment the range image into segments using a recently proposed segmentation criterion. Motion is then estimated segment-wise with full 6 degrees of freedom. To that end, we introduce dynamic mapping, i.e. the accumulation of measurements for moving objects. We show experimentally that the approach is able to deliver a dense motion field which can then be used for object-class independent trajectory estimation.
An open-source 3D printed underactuated robotic gripper (2014)

In this paper authors present an open source low-cost basic robotic end effector platform for facilitating research on robotic grasping. The 3D design model of a three fingered underactuated robotic gripper is presented and manufactured with minimal number of 3D printed components and an off-the-shelf servomotor actuator. An underactuated finger, gear train mechanisms and an overall gripper assembly design are described in details followed by illustration and discussion of grasping of objects with various geometries. The presented open source gripper design will be released for downloading on the authors' research lab web-site www.alaris.kz and can be useful for robotic researchers as a platform to build their own robotic end effector solutions for research and educational purposes.
Effects of vinblastine, podophyllotoxin and nocodazole on mitotic spindles : Implications for the role of microtubule dynamics in mitosis (1992)

Inhibition of mitosis by many drugs that bind to tubulin has been attributed to depolymerization of microtubules. However, we found previously that low concentrations of vinblastine and vincristine blocked mitosis in HeLa cells with little or no depolymerization of spindle microtubules, and spindles appeared morphologically normal or nearly normal. In the present study, we characterized the effects of vinblastine, podophyllotoxin and nocodazole over broad concentration ranges on mitotic spindle organization in HeLa cells. These three drugs are known to affect the dynamics of microtubule polymerization in vitro and to depolymerize microtubules in cells. We wanted to probe further whether mitotic inhibition by these drugs is brought about by a more subtle effect on the microtubules than net microtubule depolymerization. We compared the effects of vinblastine, podophyllotoxin and nocodazole on the organization of spindle microtubules, chromosomes and centrosomes, and on the total mass of microtubules. Spindle organization was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy, and microtubule polymer mass was assayed on isolated cytoskeletons by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunoadsorbence assay for tubulin. As the drug concentration was increased, the organization of mitotic spindles changed in the same way with all three drugs. The changes were associated with mitotic arrest, but were not necessarily accompanied by net microtubule depolymerization. With podophyllotoxin, mitotic arrest was accompanied by microtubule depolymerization. In contrast, with vinblastine and nocodazole, mitotic arrest occurred in the presence of a full complement of spindle microtubules. All three drugs induced a nearly identical rearrangement of spindle microtubules, an increasingly aberrant organization of metaphase chromosomes, and fragmentation of centrosomes. The data suggest that these anti-mitotic drugs block mitosis primarily by inhibiting the dynamics of spindle microtubules rather than by simply depolymerizing the microtubules.
Nonvolatile Power-Gating Field-Programmable Gate Array Using Nonvolatile Static Random Access Memory and Nonvolatile Flip-Flops Based on Pseudo-Spin-Transistor Architecture with Spin-Transfer-Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2012)

We proposed and computationally analyzed a nonvolatile power-gating field-programmable gate array (NVPG-FPGA) based on pseudo-spin-transistor architecture with spin-transfer-torque magnetic tunnel junctions (STT-MTJs). The circuit employs nonvolatile static random memory (NV-SRAM) cells and nonvolatile flip-flops (NV-FFs) as the storage circuits of the NVPG-FPGA. The circuit configuration and microarchitecture are compatible with SRAM-based FPGAs, and the additional nonvolatile memory functionality makes it possible to execute efficient power gating (PG). The break-even time (BET) for the nonvolatile configuration logic block (NV-CLB) of the NVPG-FPGA was also analyzed, and reduction techniques of the BET, which allows highly efficient PG operations with fine granularity, were proposed.
Cell Differentiation Is a Key Determinant of Cathelicidin LL-37/Human Cationic Antimicrobial Protein 18 Expression by Human Colon Epithelium (2002)

Antimicrobial peptides are highly conserved evolutionarily and are thought to play an important role in innate immunity at intestinal mucosal surfaces. To better understand the role of the antimicrobial peptide human cathelicidin LL-37/human cationic antimicrobial protein 18 (hCAP18) in intestinal mucosal defense, we characterized the regulated expression and production of this peptide by human intestinal epithelium. LL-37/hCAP18 is shown to be expressed within epithelial cells located at the surface and upper crypts of normal human colon. Little or no expression was seen within the deeper colon crypts or within epithelial cells of the small intestine. Paralleling its expression in more differentiated epithelial cells in vivo, LL-37/hCAP18 mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in spontaneously differentiating Caco-2 human colon epithelial cells and in HCA-7 human colon epithelial cells treated with the cell differentiation-inducing agent sodium butyrate. LL-37/hCAP18 expression by colon epithelium does not require commensal bacteria, since LL-37/hCAP18 is produced with a similar expression pattern by epithelial cells in human colon xenografts that lack a luminal microflora. LL-37/hCAP18 mRNA was not upregulated in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha), gamma interferon, lipopolysaccharide, or IL-6, nor did the expression patterns and levels of LL-37/hCAP18 in the epithelium of the normal and inflamed colon differ. On the other hand, infection of HCA-7 cells with Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin or enteroinvasive Escherichia coli modestly upregulated LL-37/hCAP18 mRNA expression. We conclude that differentiated human colon epithelium expresses LL-37/hCAP18 as part of its repertoire of innate defense molecules and that the distribution and regulated expression of LL-37/hCAP18 in the colon differs markedly from that of other enteric antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins.