gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic wireless power and data communication for neural stimulation (2011)

Wireless neural stimulation has gained wide interest, as it has potential in several clinical applications such as deep brain stimulation and neuromuscular stimulation. Most of the exiting wireless power and data transmission methods are using electromagnetic waves in the radio frequency range. However, the power transmission in this case often has limited penetration. In this study, we propose ultrasound as vehicles for both power and data transmission for wireless, implantable neural stimulation. The main advantage is that ultrasound in the MHz range can be focused at depth, thus providing an effective way for power transmission under FDA safety limits. In addition, the weak acoustic scattering in soft tissues also allows accurate data communication with the implanted device using ultrasound. To demonstrate the feasibility, we have designed and fabricated a prototype device, which consists of a PVDF transducer (1MHz center frequency and 6 mm diameter) and a custom design IC that performs AC-DC conversion and decoding of the ultrasound signals for controlling the neural stimulator. power is measured and compared to the power consumption required by the stimulation circuit. Variations of amplitude-shift keying (ASK), frequency-shift keying (FSK) and phase-shift keying (PSK) are all tested and bit error rates (BERs) are calculated to assess performance of different coding schemes. A tissue mimicking phantom with speckle generating background and acoustic attenuation at 0.5dB/MHz/cm is used during measurements. At an acoustic power of 112 mW from the transmit transducer, 4.15 mW can be received and made available by the device, which only consumes a power of 1,8 mW for neural stimulation. A BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> at 25 kbps data rate is achieved. With the current device, it is possible to increase the transmission power to as high as 19.76 mW without exceeding the FDA safety limits (Ispta=720 mW/cm2). A smaller transducer can also be used to reduce the size of the implantable device. Feasibility of ultrasonic wireless neural stimulation is clearly demonstrated.
FARKLI KANÜL TİPLERİNİN KANAL YIKAMA İŞLEMİNDEKİ ETKİNLİKLERİNİN RADYOİZOTOP TEKNİĞİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OLARAK İNCELENMESİ-COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE FLUSHING EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF NEEDLES BY A RADIOISOTOPE TECHNOQVE (1997)

Ozet
Bu calismanin amaci 3 farkli kanul tipinin kanal yikama islemindeki etkinligini radyoizotop teknigi ile karsilastirmali olarak incelemektir. Calismada yeni cekilmis 30 adet ust keser dis kullanildi. Kok kanallarinin genisletilmesini takiben, 99mTc-DMSA kompleksi iceren radyoaktif solusyon kanala enjekte edildi. Disler tesadufi olarak 3 gruba ayrildi. Kok kanallari 1. grupta alisilagelmis, 2. grupta ucu kunt, 3. grupta delikli kanul ile irrigasyon solusyonu olarak serum fizyolojik kullanilarak yikandi. Herbir ornek icin yikamadan sonra kanalda kalan radyoaktivite miktari gama kamera yardimiyla olculdu. Yikama isleminin etkinligi bakimindan kamiller arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir fark bulunamadi (p>0.05).
Anahtar sozcukler: Yikama etkinligi, kanul tipi, radyoizotop.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the flushing effectiveness of three different needles by using a radioisotope technique. Tfiirty freshly extracted single rooted maxillary incisor teeth were used. The root canals ofteetii were injected with the radioactive solution containing the complex oj 99n<Tc-DMSA following the root canal instrumentation. The. teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups. The root canals were irrigated with conventional needle in group 1, blunted needle in group 2 and perforated needle in group 3, using with sterile saline solution as an irri-gant. Tlie amount of radiactivity was measured using gama camera following the root canal irrigation. There was no statistical difference among the needles in respect of their flushing effectiveness.
Key words: Flushing effectiveness, type of needle, radioisotope.
Physical realizability of small-world networks (2006)

Supplementing a lattice with long-range connections effectively models small-world networks characterized by a high local and global interconnectedness observed in systems ranging from society to the brain. If the links have a wiring cost associated with their length l, the corresponding distribution q(l) plays a crucial role. Uniform length distributions have received the most attention despite indications that q(l) approximately l(-alpha) exists-e.g., for integrated circuits, the Internet, and cortical networks. While length distributions of this type were previously examined in the context of navigability, we here discuss for such systems the emergence and physical realizability of small-world topology. Our simple argument allows us to understand under which condition and at what expense a small world results.
TIME AND COST ANALYSIS OF ON-FARM PORTABLE FEED MANUFACTURING (1997)

The time-motion study and cost analysis of on-farm feed manufacturing was conducted in Clay County,Kansas, during winter 1994. Data were collected from 17 swine producers using portable grinder-mixers. Grindingrequired an average of 17.3 min; batching (proportioning ingredients), 9.4 min; and delivery, 13.7 min. Forty-twominutes were required for manufacturing one batch of feed. Average feed cost for on-farm feed manufacturing was $8.06per 907 kg ($8.06/ton).
A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of probiotic and chlorhexidine mouthrinses on clinical inflammatory parameters of gingivitis: A randomized controlled clinical study (2015)

The probiotic mouthrinses tested was effectively used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control in the prevention of plaque and gingivitis. Thus, the probiotic mouthrinse has a great therapeutic potential.
Accelerated thrombolysis and reperfusion in a canine model of myocardial infarction by liposomal encapsulation of streptokinase. (1990)

The aim of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction with plasminogen activators such as streptokinase is to lyse the coronary thrombus and reestablish blood flow as quickly as possible so that heart tissue loss is minimized and mortality rates are improved. Streptokinase has been encapsulated in large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles and tested in an animal model of acute myocardial infarction. The time required to restore vessel patency has been reduced more than 50% when compared with findings for free streptokinase. The total dosage of streptokinase required was lower, and smaller remnant thrombi were observed with the encapsulated agent. Results from this initial unoptimized study may have significant implications for further reduction in mortality from heart attacks by therapy with plasminogen activators.
The Science of Man and Society in the Scottish Enlightenment (2011)

The paper explores the ways, and on what assumptions, the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment saw themselves as engaging in social science. This engagement included a critique of individualistic explanations of social institutions, an identification of suitably probabilistic social causation in manners and customs, and practising the comparative method. The enterprise was premised on the assumption of the constancy of human nature but it was not positivistic. The Scots' social science was also normative, inspired by a Baconian commitment to improvement.
Strong immunogenicity of a multicomponent peptide vaccine developed with the branched lysine oligopeptide method for human immunodeficiency virus infection (1993)

We synthesized one V3 peptide each from HTLV-IIIB, Thai A and Thai B, conjugating them to the T cell epitope of the env region, and we also synthesized a p17 protein peptide of the gag region (HGP-30). These peptides were then coupled to 8-lysine copolymers using N-succinimidyl maleimido carboxylate (M(r) = ca 60,000). We designated this the branched lysine oligopeptide method. The large peptide complexes constructed from these four macromolecular peptides were used with aluminium hydroxide or complete Freund's adjuvant to immunize mice and rabbits four times. ELISA assay showed high titres of anti-peptide antibodies to each V3 loop peptide and the HGP-30 peptide. Strong inhibition of CD4+ dependent cell fusion was obtained with these antisera when IIIB, Thai A and Thai B strains of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were used. Strong anti-fusion inhibition was also observed with two other HIV strains. In addition, an increase of the anti-HIV effect was observed when we used sera obtained by multicomponent vaccine immunization. The same kind of inhibition was also observed in p24 assay systems using these immunized antisera. Activation of IL-2 production in lymphocytes was observed in mice immunized with this vaccine. These results suggest that immunization with macromolecular peptide complexes can result in strong immunogenicity towards HIV-1.
Boron (2012)

Abstract Boron is the fifth element of the periodic table and the only electron‐deficient nonmetallic element. Consequently, boron has a high affinity for electronegative atoms such as oxygen and forms strong covalent boron–oxygen bonds in compounds known as borates . Boron is an essential micronutrient in plants and nutritionally important in animals and humans. Boron occurs naturally in all foods; fruits, vegetables, and nuts contain the highest levels. The toxic effects and pharmacokinetics of boron and borates are reviewed. The inorganic boron‐containing materials share many chemical and biological characteristics thought to be due to unique properties of the boron element. This chapter reviews the shared characteristics and the individual inorganic boron‐containing compounds that have a significant use in industry. Some of the more important physical and chemical properties of boron compounds of commercial significance and widespread exposure are listed.
Influence of Food Patterns on Endothelial Biomarkers: A Systematic Review (2014)

The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the association of food patterns (FPs) and endothelial biomarkers. An electronic literature search from 1990 to 2012 was conducted and reference lists and experts were consulted. Studies without dietary intervention and without language restrictions were considered. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were employed. Methodological quality was assessed by Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. A total of 546 references were identified, of which 8 were finally included. Several FPs were identified. Healthy FPs (abundant in fruits and vegetables) had a beneficial impact on endothelial function as estimated by circulating levels of biomarkers such as C-reactive protein, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1, and E-selectin molecules. Westernized patterns (higher intakes of processed meats, sweets, fried foods, and refined grains) were positively associated with inflammation molecules and atherogenic promoters. The study of FPs in relation to endothelial function contributes to the development of dietary recommendations for improved cardiovascular health and therefore a better lifestyle.
Cytoplasmic localization of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I-$alpha; depends on a nuclear export signal in its regulatory domain (2004)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I-α (CaMKI-α) is a ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme that phosphorylates a number of nuclear proteins in vitro and has been implicated in transcriptional regulation. We report that cytoplasmic localization of CaMKI-α depends on CRM1-mediated nuclear export mediated through a Rev-like nuclear export signal in the CaMKI-α regulatory domain. Interaction of CaMKI-α with a CRM1 complex in vitro is enhanced by incubation with calcium/calmodulin. Translocation of CaMKI-α into the nucleus involves a conserved sequence located within the catalytic core. Mutation of this sequence partially blocks nuclear entry of an export-impaired mutant of CaMKI-α.
Insertion of foreign DNA into plasmids from gram-positive bacteria induces formation of high-molecular-weight plasmid multimers (1988)

Plasmids pUB110, pC194, pE194, and pT181 are commonly used as cloning vectors in both Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. We report that insertion of foreign DNA into any of these plasmids results in the generation of high-molecular-weight plasmid multimers (HMW) of the recombinant, present as tandem head-to-tail copies. HMW was detected in wild-type B. subtilis and S. aureus strains. The production of HMW depended on the nature of the DNA insertion. Inserts of Escherichia coli DNA, e.g., pBR322 or pUC18, resulted in large amounts of HMW, whereas some inserts of S. aureus DNA of the same size had no effect on plasmid profile. The generation of HMW depended on the mode of plasmid replication; plasmids which replicate via a single-stranded DNA intermediate produced HMW upon foreign DNA insertion, whereas plasmid pAM beta 1, which does not generate single-stranded DNA, did not generate HMW. We propose that HMW is a product of imparied termination of rolling-circle replication and that the impairment is due to the nature of the DNA insertion.
Highly efficient hot electron harvesting from graphene before electron-hole thermalization (2019)

Although the unique hot carrier characteristics in graphene suggest a new paradigm for hot carrier-based energy harvesting, the reported efficiencies with conventional photothermoelectric and photothermionic emission pathways are quite low because of inevitable hot carrier thermalization and cooling loss. Here, we proposed and demonstrated the possibility of efficiently extracting hot electrons from graphene after carrier intraband scattering but before electron-hole interband thermalization, a new regime that has never been reached before. Using various layered semiconductors as model electron-accepting components, we generally observe ultrafast injection of energetic hot electrons from graphene over a very broad photon energy range (visible to mid-infrared). The injection quantum yield reaches as high as ~50%, depending on excitation energy but remarkably, not on fluence, in notable contrast with conventional pathways with nonlinear behavior. Hot electron harvesting in this regime prevails over energy and carrier loss and closely resembles the concept of hot carrier solar cell.
TaxiOffice Android App (2014)

Details of the Android App available with all TaxiOffice packages for driver booking and location management
Critical Parameters for the Scale-Up Synthesis of Quantum Dots (2010)

The optical properties of quantum dots strongly depend on the synthesis conditions including the reagent grade of the chemicals. We developed a synthesis set-up allowing the reproducible preparation of quantum dots with a high control over chemical and physical parameters. Here, we report on the effects of the injection speed, the stirring velocity and the reagent grade of the chemicals on the photoluminescence behaviour of CdSe quantum dots. Additionally we compared the commonly used hot-injection method with a novel one-pot approach leading to a slightly larger particle size distribution of the resulting high quality quantum dots in the latter case.
Cloning and functional analysis of Asa373, a novel adhesin unrelated to the other sex pheromone plasmid‐encoded aggregation substances of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (1999)

pAM373 of Enterococcus faecalis deviates from the various other representatives of sex pheromone plasmids in that it encodes a clumping‐mediating adhesin, Asa373, unrelated to the highly conserved aggregation substances typical of this plasmid class. The use of a new general cloning strategy and sequencing of the corresponding gene has confirmed that Asa373 represents a novel type of adhesin embedded in a DNA sequence very similar to sex pheromone plasmid pPD1. To prove the specific function of the relatively small protein (75.6 kDa vs 137 kDa for pAD1‐encoded Asa1) in cell aggregation, an expression vector, pERM‐ex1, was constructed, allowing reliable and stable expression of proteins in E. faecalis . The expression of Asa373 in E. faecalis indeed resulted in constitutive clumping, whereas non‐polar disruption of the gene in the original pAM373 abolished clumping capacity. Expression in a strain (INY3000) defective in binding substance — which for the other aggregation substances constitutes the attachment site on the mating partner — did not alter Asa373‐dependent clumping; this implies a separate mechanism in cell–cell interaction for this adhesin. Some amino acid motifs of Asa373 link the protein to adhesins of oral streptococci and other cell surface proteins. Comparison of the leader sequence of asa373 with those of several other aggregation substances revealed a highly conserved translational unit possibly involved in the regulation of asa373 expression.
DC Blocker Algorithms[DSP Tips & Tricks] (2008)

This paper presents a nonlinear-phase, but computationally efficient, dc blocking filter that achieves ideal operation when output data quantization is used. In addition, we described an alternate dc blocking filter that, at the expense of larger data memory, exhibits a linear-phase frequency response.
Predicting Individual-Level Call Arrival from Online Account Customer Activity (2018)

The data collected from a firm's online account enables enterprises to understand their consumers better and accordingly adjust their business processes. The development of effective customer relationship management strategies and the enhancement of consumers' experience with customer service centers require accurate prediction of future customer telephone queries. In this paper, we leverage the collected big data from customers' activities at a firm's online account to estimate the likelihood that an individual customer will phone the firm's contact centers within the next thirty days. Our predictive modeling approach has two distinguished characteristics: (i) predicting calls at an individual customer level, and (ii) incorporating the big data from online account activities, in addition to the customer's past telephone queries. The individual-level data used in this study is from contact centers of a major U. S. insurance firm. Various classes of features specifying the customer segment, recency and frequency of customer interactions are considered. Different neural network architectures are investigated to achieve the best prediction accuracy. Out-of-sample performance analyses evince the capability of the developed model to accurately predict future policyholders' calls at both the individual and aggregate levels.
Selective sorbents for solid-phase extraction based on molecularly imprinted polymers (2001)

Highly selective sorbents for solid-phase extraction (SPE) are desirable tools for the development of selective and sensitive methods for trace analysis. Molecular imprinting is an emerging technique that can yield analyte- or group-selective polymeric sorbents. Guest authors Ensing and Berggren and column editor Majors discuss the basic principles of molecular imprinting and compare the technique with conventional sorbent and immunoaffinity-based SPE. They use real-life examples to illustrate the potential of molecularly imprinted polymer-based SPE.
A decision theoretic framework for analyzing binary hash-based content identification systems (2008)

Content identification has many applications, ranging from preventing illegal sharing of copyrighted content on video sharing websites, to automatic identification and tagging of content. Several content identification techniques based on watermarking or robust hashes have been proposed in the literature, but they have mostly been evaluated through experiments. This paper analyzes binary hash-based content identification schemes under a decision theoretic framework and presents a lower bound on the length of the hash required to correctly identify multimedia content that may have undergone modifications. A practical scheme for content identification is evaluated under the proposed framework. The results obtained through experiments agree very well with the performance suggested by the theoretical analysis.
Identification and Functional Analysis of Flowering Related microRNAs in Common Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) (2013)

This is the first investigation of flowering miRNAs in wild rice. The result indicates that variation in miRNAs occurred during rice domestication and lays a foundation for further study of phase change and flowering in O. rufipogon. Complicated regulatory networks mediated by multiple miRNAs regulate the expression of flowering genes that control the induction of flowering.
The Rules of Derived Demand when the Firm is a Monopolist (1975)

In a recent paper Andrieu [l] derived the rules of derived demand for a factor in a perfectly competitive industry when the industry’s production function was homogeneous but not necessarily of degree one. In order to achieve compatibility with competitive behaviour economies of scale were assumed to be external to each firm but internal to the industry. Within this framework he showed that Marshall’s third rule concerning relative shares was modified and, further, proposed a ‘ fifth law ’ with respect to the returns to scale parameter : ‘ Other things being equal, an increase in the returns to scale will make the derived demand for a factor more (less) elastic if the demand for output is elastic (inelastic). The purpose of this note is to examine a model which is the polar opposite to that considered by Andrieu. Here the firm is assumed to be the industry i.e. a monopolist. Non-constant returns to scale are introduced by assuming that the production function is homogeneous of an arbitrary degree. The analysis is not completely general since both the price elasticity of demand and the elasticity of supply of the second factor are assumed to be constant. However within this model it is shown that not only are Marshall’s second and third laws modified but also Andrieu’s fifth law.
Ozone Resistance of Elastomeric Vulcanizates (1959)

Abstract This review has attempted to categorize and describe the degree of ozone resistance available both within and among the various elastomers. Some of the factors affecting ozone resistance and means for obtaining ozone-resistant vulcanizates have been discussed. It has been indicated that by judicious selection of elastomer and compounding ingredients, resistance to very severe ozone conditions may be obtained with the currently available elastomers. The dependence of ozone resistance on proper compounding of the ozone susceptible rubbers has been emphasized. This has led to the conclusion that certain rubbers considered to be ozone resistant behave in the expected manner only if proper attention is given to compounding variables.