gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An encryption aware physical layer security system (2017)

Due to their broadcast nature, wireless systems are vulnerable in the physical layer. While many physical layer security techniques are being developed, current security solutions are based on encryption techniques. This paper analyzes the relation between encryption techniques and physical layer security approaches and proposes a new encryption-aware multilayer security framework. The proposed framework optimizes transmit power by taking the adopted encryption technique into account, while guaranteeing both a quality of service (QoS) level for the legitimate receiver and a secrecy constraint against the eavesdropper. Numerical results are given for two most widely used symmetric encryption techniques, the data encryption (DES) and the advanced encryption (AES) standards. Numerical results show that the proposed encryption-aware physical layer security system achieves a better power efficiency when compared to the classical physical layer security approaches.
Monolithic integration of a nanomechanical resonator to an optical microdisk cavity (2012)

We report a Silicon nano-opto-mechanical device in which a nanomechanical doubly-clamped beam resonator is integrated to an optical microdisk cavity. Small flexural oscillations of the beam cause intensity modulations in the circulating optical field in the nearby microdisk cavity. By monitoring the corresponding fluctuations in the cavity transmission via a fiber-taper, one can detect these oscillations with a displacement sensitivity approaching 10 fm·Hz-1/2 at an input power level of 50 μW. Both the in-plane and out-of-plane fundamental flexural resonances of the beam can be read out by this approach - the latter being detectable due to broken planar symmetry in the system. Access to multiple mechanical modes of the same resonator may be useful in some applications and may enable interesting fundamental studies.
Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cell design and engineering for cancer therapy (2021)

Due to their efficient recognition and lysis of malignant cells, natural killer (NK) cells are considered as specialized immune cells that can be genetically modified to obtain capable effector cells for adoptive cellular treatment of cancer patients. However, biological and technical hurdles related to gene delivery into NK cells have dramatically restrained progress. Recent technological advancements, including improved cell expansion techniques, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and enhanced viral transduction and electroporation, have endowed comprehensive generation and characterization of genetically modified NK cells. These promising developments assist scientists and physicians to design better applications of NK cells in clinical therapy. Notably, redirecting NK cells using CARs holds important promise for cancer immunotherapy. Various preclinical and a limited number of clinical studies using CAR-NK cells show promising results: efficient elimination of target cells without side effects, such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity which are seen in CAR-T therapies. In this review, we focus on the details of CAR-NK technology, including the design of efficient and safe CAR constructs and associated NK cell engineering techniques: the vehicles to deliver the CAR-containing transgene, detection methods for CARs, as well as NK cell sources and NK cell expansion. We summarize the current CAR-NK cell literature and include valuable lessons learned from the CAR-T cell field. This review also provides an outlook on how these approaches may transform current clinical products and protocols for cancer treatment.
Image improvement and design optimization of the time-of-flight PET. (1983)

Positron emission tomography (PET) with the added time-of-flight information has been shown to provide a better reconstructed image over conventional positron tomography. This improvement depends on the size of the object being imaged, the intrinsic resolution of the detector, and the time-of-flight resolution. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratio of a PET image is related not only to the total number of counts in the image but also the event-locating uncertainties, the reconstruction filter function, and the recovered resolution in the image. This study provides a physical explanation for, and description of, the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio of a reconstructed image as a function of the crucial design parameters: time-of-flight timing resolution, intrinsic detector resolution, object size, and reconstructed image resolution.
Foreground/background bit allocation for region-of-interest coding (2000)

Two bit allocation strategies, namely, maximum bit transfer (MET) and joint bit assignment (JBA) are proposed for region-of-interest coding. The MBT strategy uses a pair of quantizers to facilitate maximum bit transfer from the background to foreground image region. It assigns the highest quantization parameter to the background quantizer, and then determines the finest value of foreground quantizer that can be used without increasing the bit rate. In this approach, the background is always encoded with the coarsest quantization level, but this is not always desirable. Therefore, the JBA strategy can be used instead. It has two modes: user defined and automatic. In the user defined mode, the user can adjust bit consumption using a scale that ranges from "not coding foreground" to "coding foreground only". In the automatic mode, bit allocation is based on the characteristics of the image regions, which include size, motion and priority. The coding results showed that improved image quality was achieved at the same bit rate.
Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Autoantibody Positivity in Type 1 Diabetes Cases (2011)

The genetic basis of autoantibody production is largely unknown outside of associations located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. The aim of this study is the discovery of new genetic associations with autoantibody positivity using genome-wide association scan single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients with autoantibody measurements. We measured two anti-islet autoantibodies, glutamate decarboxylase (GADA, n = 2,506), insulinoma-associated antigen 2 (IA-2A, n = 2,498), antibodies to the autoimmune thyroid (Graves') disease (AITD) autoantigen thyroid peroxidase (TPOA, n = 8,300), and antibodies against gastric parietal cells (PCA, n = 4,328) that are associated with autoimmune gastritis. Two loci passed a stringent genome-wide significance level (p<10(-10)): 1q23/FCRL3 with IA-2A and 9q34/ABO with PCA. Eleven of 52 non-MHC T1D loci showed evidence of association with at least one autoantibody at a false discovery rate of 16%: 16p11/IL27-IA-2A, 2q24/IFIH1-IA-2A and PCA, 2q32/STAT4-TPOA, 10p15/IL2RA-GADA, 6q15/BACH2-TPOA, 21q22/UBASH3A-TPOA, 1p13/PTPN22-TPOA, 2q33/CTLA4-TPOA, 4q27/IL2/TPOA, 15q14/RASGRP1/TPOA, and 12q24/SH2B3-GADA and TPOA. Analysis of the TPOA-associated loci in 2,477 cases with Graves' disease identified two new AITD loci (BACH2 and UBASH3A).
Ferroelectric and electrical behavior of (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 thin films (2004)

Sodium bismuth titanate (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 (NBT) of perovskite structure is among the best known lead-free piezoelectric∕ferroelectric that promises a number of applications in sensors and actuators. However, NBT in thin film form has not been properly investigated, although NBT in bulk ceramic form has been widely studied. In this letter, we report the growth of polycrystalline NBT thin films by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering and their ferroelectric behavior. The NBT thin films exhibit a well-defined hysteresis loop, with a remanent polarization of 11.9μC∕cm2 and coercive field of 37.9kV∕cm when measured at room temperature. There is a steady decrease of dielectric constant in the range of 650–470 over the frequency range of 10–105Hz. A change in the controlling mechanism of electrical behavior from the grain interior to the grain boundary is observed for the NBT thin film with increasing temperature. Hopping of oxygen vacancies trapped at the grain boundaries is responsible for the high dielectric loss at low frequencies and high dc conductivity observed.
Electron Absorption Detectors and Technique for Use in Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis by Gas Chromatography. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron Absorption Detectors and Technique for Use in Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis by Gas Chromatography.J. E. LovelockCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 4, 474–481Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60197a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60197a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views260Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human Gait Recognition (2005)

The reliable extraction of characteristic gait features from image sequences and their recognition are two important issues in gait recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel 2-step, model-based approach to gait recognition by employing a 5-link biped locomotion human model. We first extract the gait features from image sequences using the Metropolis-Hasting method. Hidden Markov Models are then trained based on the frequencies of these feature trajectories, from which recognition is performed. As it is entirely based on human gait, our approach is robust to different type of clothes the subjects wear. The model-based gait feature extraction step is insensitive to noise, cluttered background or even moving background. Furthermore, this approach also minimizes the size of the data required for recognition compared to model-free algorithms. We applied our method to both the USF Gait Challenge data-set and CMU MoBo data-set, and achieved recognition rate of 61% and 96%, respectively. The results suggest that the recognition rate is significantly limited by the distance of the subject to the camera.
Nano-flow thermal sensor applying dymamic w-2w sensing method (2006)

This article presents microchannel thermal flow sensors fabricated using standard micromachining technology. The sensors comprise of a SiXNY microchannel created by etching of a poly-Si sacrificial layer. The channels are released by KOH etching through inlets and outlets etched from the backside of the substrate. Liquid flow is measured by platinum resistors deposited on top of the microchannel, while the channel is thermally isolated from the substrate by a SiXNY membrane. Flow rates of DI water in the order of nl⋅min-1 have been measured using a dynamic sensing method applying heat waves.
Simultaneous depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes is required to reactivate chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii (1992)

C57BL/6 mice chronically infected with an avirulent strain (ME-49) of Toxoplasma gondii were used to study the mechanisms by which T lymphocytes and IFN-gamma prevent reactivation of latent infection. Infected animals were treated with mAb, either anti-CD8, anti-CD4, anti-CD4 plus anti-CD8, anti-IFN-gamma, or anti-CD4 plus anti-IFN-gamma and the mice followed for survival, histopathology, cyst numbers, and spleen cell cytokine responses. In agreement with previously published findings, treatment with anti-IFN-gamma antibodies fully reactivated the asymptomatic infection, inducing massive necrotic areas in the brain with the appearance of free tachyzoites and death of all animals within 2 wk. Mice treated with the combination of anti-CD4 plus anti-CD8 antibodies showed augmented pathology and mortality nearly identical to the anti-IFN-gamma- treated animals. In contrast, treatment with anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 mAb alone failed to result in significantly enhanced brain pathology or mortality. In additional experiments, full reactivation of infection was observed in mice treated with anti-CD4 plus anti-IFN-gamma indicating that CD4+ lymphocytes are not required for the pathology resulting from IFN-gamma neutralization. Cytokine measurements on parasite Ag-stimulated spleen cells from mAb-treated mice indicated that both CD4+ and CD8+ cells produce IFN-gamma whereas only CD4+ cells contribute to parasite Ag-induced IL-2 synthesis. Together, these results suggest that CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes act additively or synergistically to prevent reactivation of chronic T. gondii infection probably through the production of IFN-gamma.
Specialization of CDC27 function in the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> anaphase‐promoting complex (APC/C) (2007)

To investigate the specialization of the two Arabidopsis CDC27 subunits in the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C), we analyzed novel alleles of HBT/CDC27B and CDC27A, and characterized the expression of complementing HOBBIT (HBT) protein fusions in plant meristems and during the cell cycle. In contrast to other APC/C mutants, which are gametophytic lethal, phenotypes of weak and null hbt alleles indicate a primary role in the control of post-embryonic cell division and cell elongation, whereas cdc27a nulls are phenotypically indistinguishable from the wild type. However, cdc27a hbt double-mutant gametes are non-viable, indicating a redundant requirement for both CDC27 subunits during gametogenesis. Yeast-two-hybrid and pulldown studies with APC/C components suggest that the two Arabidopsis CDC27 subunits participate in several complexes that are differentially required during plant development. Loss-of-function analysis, as well as cyclin B reporter protein accumulation, indicates a conserved role for the plant APC/C in controlling mitotic progression and cell differentiation during the entire life cycle.
Recommendations for diagnosis of shiga toxin--producing Escherichia coli infections by clinical laboratories. (2009)

Shiga toxin--producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are a leading cause of bacterial enteric infections in the United States. Prompt, accurate diagnosis of STEC infection is important because appropriate treatment early in the course of infection might decrease the risk for serious complications such as renal damage and improve overall patient outcome. In addition, prompt laboratory identification of STEC strains is essential for detecting new and emerging serotypes, for effective and timely outbreak responses and control measures, and for monitoring trends in disease epidemiology. Guidelines for laboratory identification of STEC infections by clinical laboratories were published in 2006. This report provides comprehensive and detailed recommendations for STEC testing by clinical laboratories, including the recommendation that all stools submitted for routine testing from patients with acute community-acquired diarrhea (regardless of patient age, season of the year, or presence or absence of blood in the stool) be simultaneously cultured for E. coli O157:H7 (O157 STEC) and tested with an assay that detects Shiga toxins to detect non-O157 STEC. The report also includes detailed procedures for specimen selection, handling, and transport; a review of culture and nonculture tests for STEC detection; and clinical considerations and recommendations for management of patients with STEC infection. Improving the diagnostic accuracy of STEC infection by clinical laboratories should ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment of these infections in patients and increase detection of STEC outbreaks in the community.
Structure/Function Studies of the α4 Subunit Reveal Evolutionary Loss of a GlyR Subtype Involved in Startle and Escape Responses (2018)

Inhibitory glycine receptors (GlyRs) are pentameric ligand-gated anion channels with major roles in startle disease/hyperekplexia (GlyR α1), cortical neuronal migration/autism spectrum disorder (GlyR α2), and inflammatory pain sensitization/rhythmic breathing (GlyR α3). However, the role of the GlyR α4 subunit has remained enigmatic, because the corresponding human gene (<i>GLRA4</i>) is thought to be a pseudogene due to an in-frame stop codon at position 390 within the fourth membrane-spanning domain (M4). Despite this, a recent genetic study has implicated <i>GLRA4</i> in intellectual disability, behavioral problems and craniofacial anomalies. Analyzing data from sequenced genomes, we found that GlyR α4 subunit genes are predicted to be intact and functional in the majority of vertebrate species-with the exception of humans. Cloning of human GlyR α4 cDNAs excluded alternative splicing and RNA editing as mechanisms for restoring a full-length GlyR α4 subunit. Moreover, artificial restoration of the missing conserved arginine (R390) in the human cDNA was not sufficient to restore GlyR α4 function. Further bioinformatic and mutagenesis analysis revealed an additional damaging substitution at K59 that ablates human GlyR α4 function, which is not present in other vertebrate GlyR α4 sequences. The substitutions K59 and X390 were also present in the genome of an ancient Denisovan individual, indicating that <i>GLRA4</i> has been a pseudogene for at least 30,000-50,000 years. In artificial synapses, we found that both mouse and gorilla α4β GlyRs mediate synaptic currents with unusually slow decay kinetics. Lastly, to gain insights into the biological role of GlyR α4 function, we studied the duplicated genes <i>glra4a</i> and <i>glra4b</i> in zebrafish. While <i>glra4b</i> expression is restricted to the retina, using a novel <i>tol2</i>-GAL4FF gene trap line (SAIGFF16B), we found that the zebrafish GlyR α4a subunit gene (<i>glra4a</i>) is strongly expressed in spinal cord and hindbrain commissural neurones. Using gene knockdown and a dominant-negative GlyR α4a<sup>R278Q</sup> mutant, we found that GlyR α4a contributes to touch-evoked escape behaviors in zebrafish. Thus, although GlyR α4 is unlikely to be involved in human startle responses or disease states, this subtype may contribute to escape behaviors in other organisms.
Castles and Seigneurial Influence in Latin Greece (1998)

This collection of seventeen original essays offers new perspectives on the history and sources of the crusades from the Council of Clermont in 1095 to the late fifteenth century, and of the societies they established in Palestine, Greece, Cyprus and the Baltic. The volume begins with a masterly survey of the concepts and strategies of the crusading movement. The historical case studies deal with the reigns of Baldwin I and Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, the role of castles in Greece and Cyprus, the military orders and crusade vows in England, and female warriors in the Baltic crusades. The essays on sources provide critical assessments and re-assessments of the narratives of the First and Fourth Crusades, introduce little known Arabic sources on the Muslim population of crusader Palestine, and analyse interpretations of the last days of the crusader kingdom in medieval theology and modern historiography. The volume concludes with a classified bibliography of the First Crusade, comprising over 400 texts, monographs and articles published up to 1997.
Noise power spectrum analysis for several digital breast tomosynthesis reconstruction algorithms (2006)

Digital breast tomosynthesis is a three-dimensional imaging technique that allows the reconstruction of an arbitrary set of planes in the breast from limited-angle series of projection images. Though several tomosynthesis algorithms have been proposed, no complete optimization and comparison of all available methods has been conducted as of yet. This paper presents an analysis of noise power spectrum to examine the noise characteristics of several tomosynthesis algorithms with different imaging acquisition techniques. Flat images were acquired with the following acquisition parameters: 13, 25, 49 projections with ±12.5 and ±25 degrees of angular ranges. Three algorithms, including Shift-And-Add (SAA), Matrix Inversion Tomosynthesis (MITS), and Filtered Back Projection (FBP) were investigated with reconstruction slice spacing of 1mm, 2mm, and 4mm. The noise power spectra of the reconstruction plane at 23.5mm above the detector surface were analyzed. Results showed that MITS has better noise responses with narrower slice spacing for low-to-middle frequencies. No substantial difference was noticed for SAA and FBP with different slice spacings. With the same acquisition technique and slice spacing, MITS performed better than FBP at middle frequencies, but FBP showed better performance at high frequencies because of applied Hamming and Gaussian low-pass filters. For different imaging acquisition techniques, SAA, MITS and FBP performed the best with 49 projections and ±25 degrees. For 25 projections specifically, FBP performed better with wider angular range, while MITS performed better with narrower angular range. For SAA, narrow angular range is slightly better for 25 projections and 13 projections.
Complement and 5-HT Increase Phosphatidylcholine Incorporation into the Outer Bilayers of Schistosoma mansoni (1986)

Bruce W. Young, Ron B. Podesta, Complement and 5-HT Increase Phosphatidylcholine Incorporation into the Outer Bilayers of Schistosoma mansoni, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 72, No. 5 (Oct., 1986), pp. 802-803
Online Auction Customer Segmentation Using a Neural Network Model (2005)

Online auction is a huge growing business. Most of online buyers face a big problem of predicting the seller' s behavior to submit a reasonable price for wining a bid. Unfortunately, auction web sites e.g. eBay provide only a user ID or nickname to identify a consumer. This situation built up a wall between users for truly knowing each other. To overcome such a prob- lem, this research proposes a neural network model called SOM to segment online auction cus- tomers into homogenous groups. Based on the segmented groups, the behavior of online bidders can be divided into three types: patient deals, impulsive deals and analytic deals. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology, 1470 records retrieved from Taiwan eBay are used to conduct an empirical study. In conclusion, the percentages of each customer type are 39.3 % (impulsive deals), 27.8 % (analytic deals) and 32.2 % (patient deals). The analyzed result shows that more than sixty percent of bidder's behave rationally and patiently.