gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bulk metallic glass formation in the Pd-Ni-P and Pd-Cu-P alloy systems (1996)

Bulk metallic glasses were prepared in the Pd-Ni-P and Pd-Cu-P systems using a fluxing technique. The formation of bulk amorphous Pd-Cu-P alloys was reported here for the first time. For both alloy systems, bulk glass formation requires maintaining the phosphorus content near 20 at.%. In the Pd-Ni-P system, 10-mm diameter amorphous Pd{sub x}Ni{sub 80{minus}x}P{sub 20} rods can be formed for 25 {le} x {le} 60. In the Pd-Cu-P system, 7-mm diameter amorphous Pd{sub x}Cu{sub 80{minus}x}P{sub 20} rods can be produced for 40 {le} x {le} 60. From all the ternary alloys studied, Pd{sub 40}Ni{sub 40}P{sub 20} has the highest glass formability, and 25-mm diameter amorphous cylinders, 50 mm in length, can be easily fabricated. The glass stability of the Pd-Ni-P system is wider than that of the Pd-Cu-P system. For most bulk Pd-Ni-P glasses, {Delta}T > 90 K. The {Delta}T values of bulk amorphous Pd-Cu-P alloys are considerably smaller, ranging from 27 to 73 K. The elastic constants of bulk amorphous Pd-Ni-P and Pd-Cu-P alloys were determined using a resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technique. The Pd-Ni-P glasses are slightly stiffer than the Pd-Cu-P glasses. Within each alloy system, the Young`s modulus and the bulk modulus show little change with alloy composition. Of all the bulk glass forming systems so far investigated, the ternary Pd-Ni-P system has the best glass formability. This alloy was one of the first bulk glasses discovered, yet it still remains the best in terms of glass formability. Upon replacing part of Ni by Cu, the critical cooling rates are expected to be further reduced.
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles: second-generation nonviral vectors in gene therapy (2005)

Adverse effects of viral vectors, instability of naked DNA, cytotoxicity and low transfection of cationic lipids, cationic polymers and other synthetic vectors are currently severe limitations in gene therapy. In addition to targeting a specific cell type, an ideal nonviral vector must manifest an efficient endosomal escape, render sufficient protection of DNA in the cytosol and help provide an easy passage of cytosolic DNA to the nucleus. Virus-like size calcium phosphate nanoparticles have been found to overcome many of these limitations in delivering genes to the nucleus of specific cells. This review has focused on some applications of DNA-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles as nonviral vectors in gene delivery, and their potential use in gene therapy, as well as highlighting the mechanistic studies to probe the reason for high transfection efficiency of the vector. It has been demonstrated that calcium ions play an important role in endosomal escape, cytosolic stability and enhanced nuclear uptake of DNA through nuclear pore complexes. The special role of exogenous calcium ions to overcome obstacles in practical realization of this field suggests that calcium phosphate nanoparticles are not 'me too' synthetic vectors and can be designated as second-generation nonviral vectors for gene therapy.
The role of dislocation-dislocation interactions in the relaxation of pseudomorphically strained semiconductors. I. Theory (1992)

The role of dislocation-dislocation interactions on the relaxation behavior of biaxially stressed semiconductor thin films is considered by including interaction terms in an energy minimization. Both parallel and crossing interactions are considered and energies are calculated for orthogonal arrays of equally spaced 60° misfit dislocations, and it is shown that the parallel interactions can be either attractive or repulsive. The equilibrium misfit dislocation density is shown to be a function of the ‘‘cutoff’’ distance for dislocation interactions in these structures.
Handoff analysis of the hierarchical cellular system (2000)

As mobile telephone traffic demands increase in the future, interest in cellular systems with a hierarchical structure will grow. A hierarchical cellular system can provide a high system capacity, efficient channel utilization, and an inherent load-balancing capability. In this type of system, calls blocked in a microcell flow over to a macrocell which is superimposed on a number of microcells. When overflow calls which are accommodated in a macrocell cannot be returned to a microcell, the macrocell channels become saturated. Thus, we propose a hierarchical cellular system with an underflow scheme which permits overflow calls to return to microcells. We model this underflow scheme and analyze system performance.
Scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy combined (1988)

The technique described here provides scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in one instrument. Both STM and AFM operations are accomplished by the same device applied to the same sample area. The same metallic probe interacts with the sample in both modes of operation. Switching from STM to AFM can occur automatically or on command. Images can be recorded separately or in several combined modes and directly compared. Electronic and geometric contributions are identifiable in the separate and combined images. Conductors, semiconductors, and insulators may be investigated. Representative images of each are shown.
The back-lighted Thyratron (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Gundersen and G. F. Kirkman, "The back-lighted Thyratron," Optics News 15(12), 37-37 (1989) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Stability Studies on Astaxanthin Extracted from Fermented Shrimp Byproducts (2009)

To the best of our knowledge, stability studies on astaxanthin contained in carotenoproteins extracted from lactic acid fermented shrimp byproduct have never been reported. Carotenoprotein powder, containing 1% free astaxanthin, was subjected to oxidation factors of illumination, oxygen availability, and temperature, using synthetic astaxanthin as a control. The individual effects as well as first and second degree interactions were studied on natural and synthetic free astaxanthin stability. Air and full light were the two individual factors with the highest effects on astaxanthin oxidation. Sixty-two and 46% natural and synthetic astaxanthin, respectively, oxidized when exposed to air for 8 weeks of storage, whereas 35 and 28% of natural and synthetic astaxanthin, respectively, oxidized under full light. Ninety-seven and 88% of natural and synthetic astaxanthin, respectively, oxidized under a combination of full light, air, and 45 degrees C at 8 weeks of storage. Storage in the dark, nonoxygen, and 25 degrees C were the treatments that efficiently minimized astaxanthin oxidation. Natural astaxanthin from fermented shrimp byproduct presented moderate stability levels. Although natural astaxanthin oxidized faster than the synthetic pigment, its stability may improve by antioxidant and polymer addition.
A canine lymphocyte surface antigen detectable by a monoclonal antibody (DT200). (1987)

A murine monoclonal antibody (DT200) was raised against a 210,000-dalton (210 K) lymphocyte surface protein (a member of the lymphocyte antigen known as T200) which was purified from a canine lymphoid tumor by preparative slab gel electrophoresis. In immunoblotting studies of electrophoretically separated plasma membranes from five cases of canine lymphoma, the antibody detected two antigenically intact peptides at 95 and 110 K which, based on previous polyclonal anti-210 K antiserum immunoblotting and peptide mapping studies, may represent the protease-resistant fragment of the canine T200 molecule. Since DT200 retains its reactivity in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, 13 dogs with malignant lymphoma and a panel of normal lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues were studied using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The antigen was localized predominantly to the surface membrane of lymphoid cells. DT200 reacted strongly with all five histological subtypes of lymphoma tested while moderate reactivity was detected in normal B and T cell areas of lymph node, spleen and tonsil. Thymocytes and selected hemopoietic precursors were weakly reactive with DT200 while plasma cells, mature granulocytes, red cells and megakaryocytes were unstained. It was concluded that DT200 is a useful reagent for the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma particularly in extranodal sites and may prove valuable in the investigation of the structure and function of T200 in the dog.
Optimization Techniques for Incremental Planning of Multilayer Elastic Optical Networks (2018)

As optical networks become increasingly flexible and software driven, network operators need to reconsider their present mode of network planning and operation, which traditionally relies on long planning periods, performed independently for the IP edges (logical topology) and the optical transport layer (physical topology). Network planning assuming fully loaded end-of-life conditions fails to follow traffic evolution and results in capacity overprovisioning, underutilized equipment, and stranded investments. We argue that it would be beneficial to have shorter upgrade cycles and a multiperiod network planning approach that accounts jointly for the upgrade of the optical but also the IP edges of the network. We formulate the incremental multilayer planning problem of an IP over elastic optical network and propose an integer linear programming (ILP) algorithm to solve it. The ILP model leverages the reconfigurability of both network layers to delay equipment deployment and benefit from cost erosion. Our objective is, through repurposing of existing network resources, to deploy in a period the minimum additional network equipment (capital expenditures) to cope with traffic changes from the previous period but also to minimize changes in transitioning between the two periods (operational expenditures). The proposed planning approaches are validated through simulations based on realistic network scenarios, where we also study the effect of the upgrade period duration.
A Fast Implementation of Adaptive Histogram Equalization (2006)

Adaptive histogram equalization (AHE) is a popular and effective algorithm for image contrast enhancement. But it's quite computationally expensive and time consuming. In this paper, a fast implementation of AHE based on pure software techniques is proposed. Three accelerative techniques are combined to form the new fast AHE: first, local histogram is acquired by an iterative approach with a sliding window; second, in computing cumulative histogram function, not more than half of the histogram is cumulated; Third, by keep the block size W2 equal to the product of grey level number and integral power of 2, all the multiplication and division operations are replaced with fast bitwise shift. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate the proposed algorithm is effective
The application of a continuous leak detection system to pipelines and associated equipment (1989)

An overview of classical leak detection systems is given and the engineering basis of a novel type of detector is examined. This system is a flexible hydrocarbon-sensing cable that can be installed along pipelines, in double-containment tanks and piping, or in trenches to detect and locate leaks of common industrial hydrocarbon solvents or fuels while ignoring the presence of water. The simple electrical circuit that locates and detects a leak anywhere along the length of the sensor is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Safety issues from a Phase 3 clinical trial of a live-attenuated chimeric yellow fever tetravalent dengue vaccine (2018)

A tetravalent live-attenuated 3-dose vaccine composed of chimeras of yellow fever 17D and the four dengue viruses (CYD, also called Dengvaxia) completed phase 3 clinical testing in over 35,000 children leading to a recommendation that vaccine be administered to >/ = 9 year-olds residing in highly dengue- endemic countries. When clinical trial results were assessed 2 years after the first dose, vaccine efficacy among seropositives was high, but among seronegatives efficacy was marginal. Breakthrough dengue hospitalizations of vaccinated children occurred continuously over a period of 4-5 years post 3rd dose in an age distribution suggesting these children had been vaccinated when seronegative. This surmise was validated recently when the manufacturer reported that dengue NS1 IgG antibodies were absent in sera from hospitalized vaccinated children, an observation consistent with their having received Dengvaxia when seronegative. Based upon published efficacy data and in compliance with initial published recommendations by the manufacturer and WHO the Philippine government undertook to vaccinate 800,000-plus 9 year-olds starting in April 2016. Eighteen months later, dengue hospitalizations and a deaths were reported among vaccinated children. The benefits of administering Dengvaxia predicted by the manufacturer, WHO and others derive from scoring dengue hospitalizations of vaccinated children as vaccine failures rather than as vaccine enhanced dengue disease. Recommended regimens for administration of Dengvaxia should have been structured to warn of and avoid serious adverse events.
Intelligent microprocessor based devices provides advanced motor protection, flexible control, and communication in paper mills (2002)

Motor failures are very costly in a typical paper mill. Typical motor failure cost upwards of $20,000 per hour. Motor repair costs for the North American mills of Champion International are over $10,000,000 dollars per year. Lost production associated with these failures can reach a staggering million dollars per day. Based on these facts, Champion International embarked on a program to use intelligent motor control and protection equipment in all new installations, where applicable, and for replacement of outdated motor protection equipment. The combination of advanced motor protection, flexible control and communication provided Champion with the opportunity to directly control and monitor their processes. The advanced features of the new equipment provide warning of impending problems, minimize downtime and improve process results. This paper provides case histories where the new equipment replaced dated electromechanical protection and control equipment. In addition, the authors also discuss the present generation of motor protection technologies and the need for a new generation of motor protection equipment that truly provides total motor protection against all known motor failure modes.
Growth of Cells in Hormonally Defined Media (1983)

The Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (JPGN) provides a forum for original papers and reviews dealing with pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, including normal and abnormal functions of the alimentary tract and its associated organs, including the salivary glands, pancreas, gallbladder, and liver. Particular emphasis is on development and its relation to infant and childhood nutrition. Why choose JPGN for your paper? JPGN is the only journal dedicated to pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition Impact Factor of 2.937; it is valued as one of the top pediatric subspecialty journals Fast-track publication available for select articles of general scientific or public health importance Original manuscripts posted as Publish Ahead of Print (PAP) within 3-5 days of acceptance, and indexed in PubMed within a few days Free color, no page fees Open Access option available after acceptance Full-text available to all ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN members, online and in print Articles available to institutions worldwide through Ovid Articles open to the public 1 year after publication Articles promoted on Facebook and Twitter JPGN is the official journal of the: European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Foreword, Apr. 1975 (1975)

The idea for this Special Issue on Microwave Communications grew out of a desire to couple the device and circuit designers within the microwave community more closely to the systems that utilize the outputs of their technologies. Accordingly, this Special Issue has been assembled in order to describe systems either currently operating, or under development, whose concept was stimulated, and existence made possible, by devices and circuits developed by members of the MTT Society and the organizations they represent.
A kinesiologic electromyography system for the computer-controlled analog and digital recording and processing of muscle action potentials of walking subjects. (1981)

A computer-controlled electromyography (EMG) System has been developed for the kinesiologic examination of orthopedic patients. A major objective in the design of the system was its convenient operation in the daily clinical routine. The EMG signals are transduced by specially constructed electrode-preamplifier units and filtered and further amplified in a cable distribution box fixed to the subject's belt or back. The amplified signals are transmitted to the stationary signal conditioning, display, and recording units by an easily tractable trailing cable guided in a ceiling rail. The test gait sequence is performed on a level walkway 14 m in length. A functional partition into periodically recurring gait is achieved either by foot-floor contact sensors or by optional goniometric measurements in the lower extremity. Patient safety is provided by an opto-coupling interface. The EMG signals are displayed on specially constructed large screen oscilloscopes for convenient real-time monitoring by the examiner. An analog recording is carried out by a multi-channel strip chart recorder. The digital recording and processing of the EMG signals and the control of the analog recording unit are implemented by an on-line system. This paper describes the main constructional features of the system and its components, discusses the basic problems involved in the digital recording and processing of EMG signals, and gives an outline of the digital processing mode employed so far in our electromyographical examination of orthopedic patients with various gait disorders.
Site of the base change in the vaccinia virus DNA polymerase gene which confers aphidicolin resistance (1989)

An aphidicolin-resistant mutant of vaccinia virus has been shown to encode an altered viral DNA polymerase that is more resistant to aphidicolin. Marker transfer experiments with the DNA from the resistant virus localized the mutation site to an RsaI segment within the portion of the HindIII-E segment which has been shown to contain the viral DNA polymerase gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the mutant DNA showed a single GC to AT transition at position 2430, which indicates a leucine-to-methionine change at residue 645 in the protein.
Donor-derived spermatogenesis following stem cell transplantation in sterile <i>NANOS2</i> knockout males (2020)

Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation (SSCT) is an experimental technique for transfer of germline between donor and recipient males that could be used as a tool for biomedical research, preservation of endangered species, and dissemination of desirable genetics in food animal populations. To fully realize these potentials, recipient males must be devoid of endogenous germline but possess normal testicular architecture and somatic cell function capable of supporting allogeneic donor stem cell engraftment and regeneration of spermatogenesis. Here we show that male mice, pigs, goats, and cattle harboring knockout alleles of the <i>NANOS2</i> gene generated by CRISPR-Cas9 editing have testes that are germline ablated but otherwise structurally normal. In adult pigs and goats, SSCT with allogeneic donor stem cells led to sustained donor-derived spermatogenesis. With prepubertal mice, allogeneic SSCT resulted in attainment of natural fertility. Collectively, these advancements represent a major step toward realizing the enormous potential of surrogate sires as a tool for dissemination and regeneration of germplasm in all mammalian species.
Antiinflammatory effect of BPC 157 on experimental periodontitis in rats. (2009)

The pentadecapeptide BPC 157 has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects on multiple target tissues and organs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of BPC 157 on inflammation and bone resorption in experimental periodontitis in rats. First the acute effect of BPC was tested on gingival blood flow by laser doppler flowmetry. Then periodontitis was produced by a silk ligature placed around the lower left first molar. Rats were treated with BPC 157 (once daily for 12 days) or vehicle. At day 13, the gingivomucosal tissues encircling the molars were removed on both sides. Inflammation was assessed by Evans blue plasma extravasation technique and by histology. Alveolar bone loss was analyzed by microCT. BPC 157 had no effect on gingivomucosal blood flow. Twelve day ligature caused a significantly increased Evans blue extravasation in the gingivomucosal tissue, histological signs of inflammation, and alveolar bone destruction. BPC 157 treatment significantly reduced both plasma extravasation, histological alterations and alveolar bone resorption. In conclusion, systemic application of BPC 157 does not alter blood circulation in healthy gingiva. Chronic application of the peptide has potent antiinflammatory effects on periodontal tissues in ligature induced periodontitis in rats. Taken together, this proof of concept study suggests that BPC 157 may represent a new peptide candidate in the treatment of periodontal disease.
Crohn’s disease: Th1, Th17 or both? The change of a paradigm: new immunological and genetic insights implicate Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (2009)

Traditionally, Crohn's disease has been associated with a Th1 cytokine profile, while Th2 cytokines are modulators of ulcerative colitis. This concept has been challenged by the description of tolerising regulatory T cells (Treg) and by proinflammatory Th17 cells, a novel T cell population characterised by the master transcription factor RORgammat, the surface markers IL23R and CCR6, and by production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL17A, IL17F, IL21, IL22 and IL26, and the chemokine CCL20. Th17 cells differentiate under the influence of IL1beta, IL6, IL21 and IL23. Recent studies indicate that TGFbeta is essential not only for the development of murine Th17 cells but also for differentiation of human Th17 cells. TGFbeta reciprocally regulates the differentiation of inflammatory Th17 cells and suppressive Treg subsets, with the concomitant presence of proinflammatory cytokines favouring Th17 cell differentiation. Several studies demonstrated an important role of Th17 cells in intestinal inflammation, particularly in Crohn's disease. Genome-wide association studies indicate that IL23R and five additional genes involved in Th17 differentiation (IL12B, JAK2, STAT3, CCR6 and TNFSF15) are associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease and partly also to ulcerative colitis. Taken together, both Th1 and Th17 cells are important mediators of inflammation in Crohn's disease, although activities previously ascribed to IL12 may be mediated by IL23. Anti-IL12/IL23p40 antibody therapy, which targets both Th1 and Th17 cells, is effective in Crohn's disease. However, the complex relationship between Th1 and Th17 cells has not been completely analysed. This will be of great importance to delineate the specific contributions of these cells to Crohn's disease and other autoimmune diseases.