gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Different Second Messengers in Parathyroid Hormone– and Interleukin-1–Induced Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-11 Production in Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (1997)

Previous studies have suggested that increased secretion of bone active cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-11 (IL-11), from osteoblasts and stromal cells play a pivotal role in the activation of osteoclasts and the genesis of osteoporosis. Various systemic and local factors can stimulate IL-6/IL-11 production, but the intracellular mechanism for such stimulation is largely unknown. In this study, we characterized the second messenger signaling in parathyroid hormone (PTH)- and IL-1-induced production of IL-6/IL-11 and studied the possible modulating effects of estrogen. rhPTH(1-34) and rhIL-1 alpha dose-dependently stimulated IL-6 and IL-11 production from human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). Agonists for protein kinase A (PKA) (forskolin), and protein kinase C (PKC) (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; PMA) also stimulated IL-6/IL-11 production. Rp-diastereoisomer of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphorothioate (Rp-cAMPS) and H-8, inhibitors of PKA, significantly inhibited PTH-stimulated IL-6/IL-11 production, but did not inhibit IL-1-stimulated IL-6/IL-11 production. In contrast, staurosporine and calphostin C, inhibitors of PKC, suppressed IL-1-stimulated, but not PTH-stimulated, IL-6/ IL-11 production. Pretreatment of cells with 17 beta-estradiol (17 beta-E2) antagonized IL-1-stimulated IL-6 production. However, PTH-stimulated IL-6 production and IL-1- and PTH-stimulated IL-11 production were not affected by 17 beta-E2. Similarly, 17 beta-E2 inhibited PMA-stimulated IL-6 production, whereas neither forskolin-stimulated IL-6/ IL-11 production nor PMA-stimulated IL-11 production was affected by 17 beta-E2. These results indicate that different second messengers are involved in PTH- and IL-1-induced IL-6 and IL-11 production by hBMSCs: PTH and IL-1 stimulate IL-6/IL-11 production via a PKA-dependent and PKC-dependent pathway, respectively. Furthermore, our results suggest that regulation of cytokine production by estrogen in hBMSCs is selective; only the IL-1-induced IL-6 production, which is mediated by PKC pathway, is inhibited, but PTH-induced IL-6 production and PTH/IL-1-induced IL-11 production are not inhibited by estrogen.
User-Level Reliability and Quality Monitoring in Satellite-Based Personal Navigation (2005)

Although high sensitivity receiver technology is necessary to ensure sufficient observation availability of satellite navigation in degraded signal environments, processing of high sensitivity data observed in deteriorated line-of-sight conditions is susceptible to production of inordinately inaccurate navigation observations. Thus, monitoring the reliability and the quality of the obtained user navigation solution is essential when using a satellite navigation system, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) or the anticipated European Galileo system in poor signal conditions.This thesis assesses reliability testing and quality control procedures at the user level in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) with the aim of enhancing accuracy and reliability in poor signal conditions with failure detection and exclusion techniques. Reliability testing, in the form of Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) and Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE), traditionally rely on statistical tests in order to isolate one erroneous measurement from position estimation. This thesis takes a slightly wider point of view of the quality monitoring problem of both user position and velocity; observation weighting, navigation geometry and accuracy estimation aspects, and statistical reliability theory with applications to personal satellite navigation are also assessed. The principal focus of this thesis involves the development and analysis of different FDE schemes based on recursive statistical testing, particularly in challenging signal environments. The operating environment is therefore different from traditional safety-critical navigation, where the usual problem is the failure of only one satellite, and where the error is not necessarily due to obstructions in the propagation path, as is typically the case in urban areas.Through the application of the FDE and quality control methods developed herein to high sensitivity GPS and simulated GPS/Galileo data, it has been demonstrated that reliability and quality monitoring yield a significant improvement in accuracy and are essential in enhancing the reliability of user navigation solutions.
A Pilot Study on the Effects of <i>S</i> -Equol Compared to Soy Isoflavones on Menopausal Hot Flash Frequency (2012)

S-equol, 10 mg/day, appears to be as effective as soy isoflavones at reducing hot flash frequency and more effective for relieving muscle and joint pain in postmenopausal women. S-equol, ≥20 mg/day, alleviates hot flashes to a greater extent than soy isoflavones in those women who experience >8 hot flashes/day.
Reduction of the Frequency-Temperature Shift of Piezoelectric Resonators by Mechanical Stress (1961)

A method is described which allows a reduction of the frequency-temperature shift of piezoelectric crystals by the use of bimetal elements applying temperature-dependent pressure to selected spots on the circumference of the resonator disk. A decrease in the frequency change from ±15 to ±1 parts per million can be achieved for the AT cut of quartz over a wide temperature range by using one pair of bimetallic elements for the upper and one pair for the lower temperature range. This is accomplished without any increase in the resonance resistance of the crystal. Equations and curves are developed which enable one to obtain the optimum parameters of the bimetallic elements for a given frequency-temperature curve of the crystal. An experimental device, and results achieved with it under various conditions are described in detail. It is expected that in many cases this technique will make power- and space-consuming crystal ovens unnecessary.
Reductive dechlorination of perchloroethylene and the role of methanogens (1988)

Perchloroethylene (PCE) was reductively dechlorinated to trichloroethylene in a 10% anaerobic sewage sludge. About 80% of the initially added PCE (300 nmol) was dechlorinated within three weeks. The calculated rates were 250 nM and 445 nM-day 1 during the first and second weeks of incubation, respectively. The depletion of PCE varied in sludges obtained from different sources.
$$D_{sJ}(2860)$$ D s J ( 2860 ) from the semileptonic decays of $$B_s$$ B s mesons (2015)

In the framework of heavy quark effective theory, the leading-order Isgur–Wise form factors relevant to semileptonic decays of the ground state $$\bar{b}s$$ meson $$B_{s}$$ into orbitally excited $$D$$ -wave $$\bar{c}s$$ mesons, including the newly observed narrow $$D^{*}_{s1}(2860)$$ and $$D^{*}_{s3}(2860)$$ states by the LHCb Collaboration, are calculated with the QCD sum rule method. With these universal form factors, the decay rates and branching ratios are estimated. We find that the decay widths are $$\Gamma (B_s\rightarrow D^{*}_{s1}\ell \overline{\nu }) =1.25^{+0.80}_{-0.60}\times 10^{-19}\,\text{ GeV }$$ , $$\Gamma (B_s\rightarrow D^{'}_{s2}\ell \overline{\nu }) =1.49^{+0.97}_{-0.73}\times 10^{-19}\,\text{ GeV }$$ , $$\Gamma (B_s\rightarrow D_{s2}\ell \overline{\nu }) =4.48^{+1.05}_{-0.94}\times 10^{-17}\,\text{ GeV }$$ , and $$\Gamma (B_s\rightarrow D^{*}_{s3}\ell \overline{\nu }) = 1.52^{+0.35}_{-0.31}\times 10^{-16}\,\text{ GeV }$$ . The corresponding branching ratios are $$\mathcal {B}(B_s\rightarrow D^{*}_{s1}\ell \overline{\nu }) =2.85^{+1.82}_{-1.36}\times 10^{-7}$$ , $$\mathcal {B}(B_s\rightarrow D^{'}_{s2}\ell \overline{\nu }) =3.40^{+2.21}_{-1.66}\times 10^{-7}$$ , $$\mathcal {B}(B_{s}\rightarrow D_{s2}\ell \overline{\nu }) =1.02^{+0.24}_{-0.21}\times 10^{-4}$$ , and $$\mathcal {B}(B_s\rightarrow D^{*}_{s3}\ell \overline{\nu }) = 3.46^{+0.80}_{-0.70}\times 10^{-4}$$ . The decay widths and branching ratios of corresponding $$B^{*}_{s}$$ semileptonic processes are also predicted.
Relative quantification of HLA‐DRA1 and ‐DQA1 expression by real‐time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) (2003)

Polymorphism in the upstream regulatory region (URR) of the MHC class II DQA1 gene defines 10 different alleles named QAP (DQA1 promoter). In vitro studies have suggested that allelic polymorphism in the HLA-DQA promoter region may result in differences in HLA-DQA1 gene expression. In the present study, we used real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to quantify differences in HLA-DQA1 gene expression. After the isolation of total mRNA, reverse transcription into cDNA was carried out using random hexamer priming and moloney murine leukaemia virus (MMLV) reverse transcriptase. Quantification of DQA1 mRNA species using a set of six group-specific primer pairs for the detection of HLA-DQA1*01, *02, *03, *04, *05 and *06 was carried out on an ABI PRISM GeneAmp 7700 Sequence Detection System (Perkin Elmer, Foster City, CA) with real-time detection and quantification taking advantage of the fluorescence TaqMan technology (Perkin Elmer, Foster City, CA). Normalization of cDNA templates was achieved by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) quantification. In addition, the total amount of mRNA produced by HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DRA1 expression was quantified for comparison. Subsequently, this approach was validated using Raji and HUT-78 cell lines and tested with peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 45 samples taken from healthy volunteers. The sensitivity was determined with > or = 10(2) copies. Comparison of the allele-specific DQA1 expression with the total expression of DQA1 and DRA1 mRNA indicated that DQA1*04 expression was increased compared with the expression of other alleles of the DQA1 gene. Thus, allele-specific quantification of DQA1 gene products could be achieved by real-time RT-PCR suitable for the analysis of differential expression of DQA1 mRNAs in homozygote and heterozygote combinations.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Ligand Bifunctional Catalysis: A Nonclassical Mechanism for Asymmetric Hydrogen Transfer Between Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Educating Clients with COPD (1987)

Susan Montgomery Hunter, MSN, RN, is assistant professor, Adult Health Nursing, University of North Dakota College of Nursing, Grand Forks, North Dakota
EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE IMPLANTS UPON SPERM PRODUCTION, LIBIDO AND ACCESSORY SEX ORGAN FUNCTION IN RABBITS (1973)

Summary. Testosterone-filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDS) capsules (0·245 mm wall thickness) were placed subcutaneously in normal adult male rabbits to assess the relationship between the surface area of the implant and the amount of testosterone released. Testosterone release was quantified in terms of plasma testosterone concentrations and other biological endpoints such as libido, accessory sex organ weight, seminal fructose and citric acid levels and spermatogenic activity. Subcutaneous placement of PDS capsules ranging from 100 to 800 mm2 in surface area had no measurable (P&gt;0·25) effect on (1) plasma testosterone concentrations, (2) libido, (3) accessory sex gland weight, and (4) the concentrations of fructose and citric acid in seminal fluid. The total daily sperm production and the number of step-6 spermatids decreased linearly with each successive increase in capsule surface area. It was concluded that testosterone-filled PDS capsules (800 mm2) induced azoospermia in rabbits without any significant (P&gt;0·25) alteration in either plasma testosterone or the weight and secretory activity of the accessory sex glands.
Assessment of cancellous bone mechanical properties from micro-FE models based on micro-CT, pQCT and MR images (1998)

Recently, new micro-finite element (micro-FE) techniques have been introduced to calculate cancellous bone mechanical properties directly from high-resolution images of its internal architecture. Also recently, new peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques have been developed that can create images of whole bones in vivo with enough detail to visualize the internal cancellous bone architecture. In this study we aim to investigate if the calculation of cancellous bone mechanical properties from micro-FE models based on such new pQCT and MR images is feasible. Three bone specimens were imaged with the pQCT scanning system and the MR-imaging system. The specimens were scanned a second time using a micro-CT scanner with a much higher resolution. Digitized reconstructions were made based on each set of images and converted to micro-FE models from which the bone elastic properties were calculated. It was found that the results of both the pQCT and the MR-based FE-models compared well to those of the more accurate micro-CT based models in a qualitative sense, but correction factors will be needed to get accurate values.
Tunable UV Generation from Extended Cavity DVD Laser Diode and Nonlinear Optical Crystal (2006)

Extended cavity DVD-LD created from diffraction grating is used in coherent SHG process. There is 2.4 times increase in generated UV power. Also, the UV wavelength tuning range from 329.5 to 332 nm is achieved.
Nearfield polarization effects on light propagation in random media (2006)

Video measurements of the polarized component of back scattered light show a characteristic pattern around an incident linearly polarized laser beam. This pattern can be attributed to early photons which probe only a thin superficial layer of the medium. Mie theory is used to explain the angular polarization pattern. Measurements at two wavelengths on phantoms with different particle sizes and on human skin are reported.
Initiation of Protein Synthesis by Hepatitis C Virus Is Refractory to Reduced eIF2 · GTP · Met-tRNA<sub>i</sub><sup>Met</sup>Ternary Complex Availability (2006)

A cornerstone of the antiviral interferon response is phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)2alpha. This limits the availability of eIF2.GTP.Met-tRNA(i)(Met) ternary complexes, reduces formation of 43S preinitiation complexes, and blocks viral (and most cellular) mRNA translation. However, many viruses have developed counterstrategies that circumvent this cellular response. Herein, we characterize a novel class of translation initiation inhibitors that block ternary complex formation and prevent the assembly of 43S preinitiation complexes. We find that translation driven by the HCV IRES is refractory to inhibition by these compounds at concentrations that effectively block cap-dependent translation in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of initiation complexes formed on the HCV IRES in the presence of inhibitor indicates that eIF2alpha and Met-tRNA(i)(Met) are present, defining a tactic used by HCV to evade part of the antiviral interferon response.
Metrics for performance assessment of mixed-order Ambisonics spherical microphone arrays (2012)

Mixed-order Ambisonics (MOA) combines planar (2D) higher order Ambisonics (HOA) with lower order periphonic (3D) Ambisonics. MOA encoding from spherical microphone arrays has the potential to provide versatile recordings that can be played back using 2D, 3D or mixed systems. A procedure to generate suitable layouts for a given MOA combination order is introduced consisting of rings of microphones at several elevation angles for any given MOA combination order. Robustness and directivity measures were evaluated for four MOA layouts. Results showed that MOA vertical directivity was similar to 3D HOA and that MOA horizontal directivity was in between the planar and periphonic order.
Acid catalysis of nitronic acid formation from nitroalkane precursors (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid catalysis of nitronic acid formation from nitroalkane precursorsIhsan Erden, James R. Keeffe, Fu Pei Xu, and Ji Bin ZhengCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 21, 9834–9835Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00074a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00074a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of an ELISA for sensitive and specific detection of IgA autoantibodies against BP180 in pemphigoid diseases (2011)

We developed the first ELISA for the specific and sensitive detection of serum IgA autoantibodies specific to collagen XVII in patients with pemphigoids. This immunoassay should prove a useful tool for clinical and translational research and should essentially improve the diagnosis and disease monitoring of patients with IgA pemphigoid. Moreover, our findings strongly suggest that IgA pemphigoid and IgG bullous pemphigoid represent two ends of the clinical spectrum of an immunological loss of tolerance against components of hemidesmosomes, which is mediated by both IgG and IgA autoantibodies.
Fluorous Biphasic Systems (FBS) — die neue Phasentrenn‐ und Immobilisiertechnik (1997)

Ein Gespenst geht um in der Chemie : FBS! Das Prinzip von Reaktionen in fluorigen Zweiphasensystemen („fluorous biphasic systems”︁, FBS) ist unten anhand einer Oxidation dargestellt (E = Edukt, P = Produkt). Innerhalb kurzer Zeit ist eine Vielzahl von Publikationen zu dieser neuen Technik erschienen. magnified image
Meet and merge (2003)

In this paper we investigate the problem ofdetermining confluent flows with minimum congestion. A flow of a given commodity is said to be confluent if at any node all the flow of the commodity departs along a single edge. Confluent flows appear in a variety of application areas ranging from wireless communications to evacuations; in fact, most flows in the Internet are confluent since Internet routing is destination based.We consider the single commodity confluent flow problem, in which we are given an n-node directed network G, a sink t and supplies at each node, and the goal is to find a confluent flow that routes all the supplies to the sink while minimizing the maximum edge congestion. Our main result is an approximation algorithm, based on randomized rounding, for the special case when all the supplies are uniform; the algorithm finds a confluent flow with edge congestion O(C2 log3 n) where C is the node congestion of an optimal splittable flow. This implies an Õ(√n) approximation algorithm for the problem. Our result relies on the analysis of a natural probabilistic process defined on directed acyclic graphs, that may be of independent interest.For tree networks, we present an optimal polynomial-time algorithm for a multi-sink generalization of the above confluent flow problem. We show that it is NP-hard to approximate the congestion of the optimal confluent flow for general networks to within a factor of 4/3. We also establish a lower bound on the gap between confluent and splittable flows, and consider multicommodity and fractional versions of confluent flow problems.
The natural draught, indirect dry cooling system for the 6 times 686 MWe Kendal Power Station, RSA (1990)

The use of dry cooling systems in power plants is a relatively new development and limited to only a few applications worldwide. The locations in question are those at which wet cooling system could not be used economically due to a shortage of making-up water. The power plants using dry cooling systems which have been built to date world- wide, and which have a power generation capacity of over 100 MWe are listed. It is evident from this that there is a predominance of indirect cooling systems. Although the actual investment costs for the direct system are lower, the reasons for selecting an indirect system for Kendal power station was essentially for conservative reasons. A long term comparison of the two different systems is made considering all influences including weather, long term durability, and availability. The two systems have seldom before been assessed correctly from an economic stand point.
An ultrahigh vacuum high speed scanning tunneling microscope (1997)

We have developed an ultrahigh vacuum high speed scanning tunneling microscope (STM) which is based on a prototype STM that operates in air. The prototype operates with a tip scan speed up to 105 nm/s. At this high tip speed, we have made real time videos of nickel and gold at rates up to 15 Hz. The ultrahigh vacuum version operates at speeds up to 8000 nm/s with atomic resolution on the Si(111) surface and incorporates sample transfer and sample heating.
Digital Control of an Isolated Active Hybrid Fuel Cell/Li-Ion Battery Power Supply (2007)

One of the important issues in modern electronic equipment is providing higher peak power while preserving high energy density. Hybrid power sources composed of fuel cells and batteries combine the high-energy capabilities of fuel cells with the high-power capabilities of batteries. DC/DC power converters can appropriately control the power flow shared between the fuel cell and battery system. In this paper, we propose a new implementation of hybrid fuel cell/battery systems. A 50-W isolated power electronic interface system for a hybrid solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC)/Li-ion battery portable power supply is designed and implemented. The control strategy presented in this paper is able to regulate the output current of the fuel cell, the charging current of the battery, and the output voltage of the power supply. The control strategy is implemented in a DSP and tested by simulation and experiments. Experimental results present the flexibility and generality of the control strategy.
Dopamine Fails to Regulate Activation of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Effects of IFN-β (2005)

The neurotransmitter dopamine counteracts T cell functions through its specific receptor subtype D5R but favors T cell proliferation and adhesion when acting on D3R. We found diminished mRNA and protein levels of D5R, but not of D3R, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from untreated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Dopamine reduced T cell proliferation, secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA in PBMCs from controls but not from MS patients. By contrast, reduced levels of D3R and renewed dopamine-associated regulatory functions were found in PBMCs from IFN-beta treated MS patients. Failure of the dopaminergic system of lymphocytes may lessen the threshold of T cell activation and sustain the pathogenic cascade of MS.