gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Analyzing Beamforming Implementation in O-RAN 5G (2021)

The open radio access network (O-RAN) concept is changing the landscape of mobile networks (5G deployment and 6G research). O-RAN Alliance’s suggestions that O-RAN can offer openness and intelligence to the traditional RAN vendors will enable the capability for multi-vendors to re-shape the RAN structure and optimize the network. This paper positions the main research challenges of the O-RAN approach in regards to the implementation of beamforming. We investigate the O-RAN architecture and the configurations of the interfaces between O-RAN units and present the split options between the radio and distributing units in terms of O-RAN specification and 3GPP standards. From this point, we discuss the beamforming methods in O-RAN, addressing challenges and potential solutions, and suggest the introduction of the zero-forcing equalizer as a precoding vector in the channel-information-based beamforming method. This may be one of the solutions for achieving flexibility in a high-traffic communication environment while reducing the radio unit interferences caused by implanting the precoding in the open radio unit.
Can automated agents proficiently negotiate with humans? (2009)

Exciting research in the design of automated negotiators is making great progress.
Composable Information Gradients in Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

In sensor networks we aim to achieve global objectives through local decisions at each node, based only on data available in the node's neighborhood. In this paper, we diffuse information away from source nodes holding desired data, so as to establish information potentials that allow network queries to navigate towards and reach these sources through local greedy decisions, following information gradients. We compute these information potentials by solving for a discrete approximation to a partial differential equation over appropriate network neighborhoods, through a simple local iteration that can be executed in a distributed manner and can be re-invoked to repair the information field locally when links fail, sources move, etc. The solutions to this equation are classical harmonic functions, which have a rich algebraic structure and many useful properties, including the absence of local extrema, providing a guarantee that our local greedy navigation will not get stuck.Unlike shortest path trees, which can also be used to guide queries to sources, information potentials are robust to low-level link volatility as they reflect more global properties of the underlying connectivity. By exploiting the algebraic structure of harmonic functions such potentials can be combined in interesting ways to enable far greater path diversity and thus provide better load balancing than is possible with fixed tree structures, or they can be used to answer range queries about the number of sources in a certain regions by simply traversing the boundary of the region. Potentials for multiple information types can be aggregated and compressed using a variant of the q-digest data structure. The paper provides both analytic results and detailed simulations supporting these claims.
A new probable increasing cause of esophageal ulceration: alendronate. (1997)

We present a case of esophageal ulcerations caused by alendronate (Fosamax), a recently marketed medication. The patient presented with a chief complaint of retrosternal pain and severe odynophagia of 5 days duration. She was taking prednisone 10 mg and azathioprine 100 mg p.o. q.d. for systemic lupus erythematosus. To prevent osteoporosis, she was started on alendronate 10 mg q.d. 2 wk before her symptoms started. Endoscopy of the upper GI tract revealed two deep, large ulcers at the gastroesophageal junction. Multiple biopsy specimens revealed necroinflammatory debris and acute esophagitis. However, no organisms were identified, and the result of her HIV test (ELISA) was negative. Alendronate was discontinued, and her symptoms resolved completely in 1 wk. Follow-up endoscopy performed 4 wk later revealed complete healing of the ulcers.
Design of an automatic testing for FPGAs (2003)

This paper presents a new design for testing SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The original SRAM part is modified a bit so that the FPGA gets the ability to automatically shift the data on-chip and then the test becomes faster. This method does not need a large outside memory (off-chip memory) for saving the test data. It is proved that this method detects multiple faults and covers 100%; of modeled faults. The simulation results of Xilinix XC4000 family, using CAD tools, shows that the routing and the placement of this method are easily achieved.
Reinforcement Learning-Based ACB in LTE-A Networks for Handling Massive M2M and H2H Communications (2018)

Using cellular networks for providing machine-to- machine (M2M) connectivity offers numerous advantages regarding coverage, deployment costs, security and management, among others. Nevertheless, having a large number of M2M devices activated simultaneously is difficult to tackle at the evolved Node B, and it causes complications in the connection establishment. The random access channel (RACH) in LTE-A is adequate for handling human-to-human (H2H) communications. However, for the efficient provision of simultaneous H2H/M2M communications, it is necessary to optimize the available access control mechanisms so that network overload is avoided and a better QoS can be offered. Access Class Barring (ACB) has shown to be effective in reducing the number of simultaneous users contending for access. However, it is still not clear how to dynamically adapt its parameters, especially in highly changing scenarios with bursty traffic as it can occur when M2M communications are involved. We propose a dynamic algorithm based on reinforcement learning to adapt the barring rate parameter of ACB. This algorithm can adapt it to different traffic conditions, reducing congestion and hence the number of collisions in the RACH. The results show that our proposed mechanism increases the access success probability for all the users while barely impacting H2H users and other key performance indicators.
Deuterium Isotope Effect on Ultrafast Intermolecular Electron Transfer (1996)

Deuterium isotope effects on ultrafast intermolecular electron transfer (ET) from electron-donating solvents such as aniline (AN) and N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) to a number of excited (S1) coumarin dyes have been investigated by a femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion technique. We carry out investigations using both normal and deuterated solvents and normal and deuterated coumarin dyes. With perdeuterated AN (AN-d7) or amino-deuterated AN (AN-d2), we observe almost the same extent of reduction in the ET rate constants as in normal AN. In the case of DMA, we do not observe any isotope effect upon substituting all of the N-methyl group hydrogens by deuterium (DMA-d6). Using deuterated coumarins, where the 7-amino group hydrogens are substituted by deuterium, we do not observe any change in the ET dynamics. The effect of isotopic substitution of AN on the ET dynamics has been discussed in terms of the several ET parameters. Cyclic voltammetric measurements indicated that the isotopic substitution of the solvent AN causes a reduction in the driving force for the ET processes. It is inferred that the differences in the driving force for the normal and the deuterated AN as the donor solvent mainly arise from the solvent structural effects, caused by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding in this solvent. The present results also correlate well with the theoretical predictions of the two-dimensional ET model.
A Petri-net algorithm for multiple contingencies of distribution system operation (1998)

In this paper, a Petri net (PN) algorithm combined with a new power system restoration approach is implemented for multiple distribution contingencies. This approach is performed by releasing some loads required to maintain the rest of the system in safe operation in overload cases and opening all of the switches in the out-of-service areas for fault cases, and then closing proper switches to restore the isolated areas. PN switching models and the construction of PNs for multiple contingency operation are proposed to implement the restoration algorithm. Problem solving is efficiently performed by parallel-like reasoning in the PN for all the multiple events simultaneously. Heuristic rules and evaluation functions are presented for the best first search in the PN. Multiple contingencies studied in this paper include problems of feeder fault/overload/over-unbalance and main transformer fault/overload. A practical Taiwan power (Taipower) distribution system is simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is concluded that multiple contingencies of distribution systems can be solved by the proposed method effectively.
Dilation x-ray imager a new/faster gated x-ray imager for the NIF (2012)

As the yield on implosion shots increases it is expected that the peak x-ray emission reduces to a duration with a FWHM as short as 20 ps for ∼7 × 10(18) neutron yield. However, the temporal resolution of currently used gated x-ray imagers on the NIF is 40-100 ps. We discuss the benefits of the higher temporal resolution for the NIF and present performance measurements for dilation x-ray imager, which utilizes pulse-dilation technology [T. J. Hilsabeck et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10E317 (2010)] to achieve x-ray imaging with temporal gate times below 10 ps. The measurements were conducted using the COMET laser, which is part of the Jupiter Laser Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Development of fluxless bonding using deposited Gold-indium multi-layer composite for heterogeneous silicon micro-cooler stacking (2014)

In this paper, Gold-indium fluxless eutectic bonding at short process time has been successfully developed for stacking multi-layers and heterogeneous structure of silicon micro-cooler. This paper introduces gold-indium eutectic bonding process which uses deposited thin and multilayer composites directly onto the silicon surfaces which to be bonded. The parameters DOE (design of experiment) study was carried out to develop thermal compression bonding process conditions as tabulated in Table 1. These eutectic bonds are examined using shear test, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). This shear test results is compared with eutectic AuSn which is best known as hard solders, good fatigue-resistance and mechanical properties. Nearly void-free bonds are achieved and confirmed by cross-sectional SEM and X-ray scanning. A pre-clean process steps is required to ensure sufficient wetting and good adhesion for this fluxless process. Furthermore, a thermal cycling test and Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM) analysis will be carried out to evaluate the failure mode, reliability of solder joint and the bonded structure.
Nb-Al powder metallurgy processed multifilamentary wire (1985)

Powder metallurgy processed Nb-Al wire with overall critical current densities, J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , at 4.2K up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 19T has been investigated in more detail, Kramer plots and directly measured H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c2</inf> values of samples with different heat treatments show an increase in H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c2</inf> at 4.2K up to 24.5T. Test coils, using long lengths of wire, and tested in fields up to 15T, show J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> values equal to those of short samples. Multiple strand hydrostatic small scale extrusions were made. A number of third element additions including B, Mg, Co, Cr and Ni in fine powder form were incorporated in the P/M processing but these did not improve J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> . ac losses were measured and used to determine J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> at 10w fields. The high field ac losses are lower than that for any In Situ or powder processed Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn wires.
Variation in human T cell receptor V<sub>β</sub> and J<sub>β</sub> repertoire: analysis using anchor polymerase chain reaction (1992)

Anchor polymerase chain reaction has been applied to the study of human T cell receptor beta chain repertoire in peripheral blood. The use of this technique has demonstrated that considerable variation in V beta and J beta usage exists, both within and between individuals. Particular V beta families, including V beta 6, V beta 4 and V beta 12 are commonly utilized, while families such as V beta 10, V beta 11 and V beta 15 are rare in all individuals studied. Marked interindividual variation in V beta usage was detected for V beta 12 and V beta 4. Biased usage of J beta elements is a prominent feature of peripheral repertoire, while there is no evidence for preferential V beta-J beta recombination events. Biased J beta usage in expressed V beta-D beta-J beta-C beta transcripts, subject to selection, was the same as that in aberrant, unselected D beta-J beta-C beta transcripts, implying that bias resulted from events relating to rearrangement itself, in the absence of selection. N-region diversity showed some evidence for preferential insertion of deoxyguanosine, consistent with the action of terminal deoxytransferase. No P-nucleotide incorporation was seen in association with intact J beta elements. These data provide evidence of some of the variation in human T cell receptor beta chain repertoire and provide a basis for comparisons with sequences which may be obtained in autoimmune and superantigen-mediated diseases.
Generalized standard addition method (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneralized standard addition methodBo E. H. Saxberg and B. R. KowalskiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 7, 1031–1038Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50043a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50043a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3768Altmetric-Citations238LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
7.2 A 20.5TOPS and 217.3GOPS/mm<sup>2</sup> Multicore SoC with DNN Accelerator and Image Signal Processor Complying with ISO26262 for Automotive Applications (2019)

Vehicles with features for an advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) are already available on the market. Technologies for image recognition are essential elements for ADAS applications, and several SoCs performing image recognition for ADAS have been developed [1-3]. As vehicles that support ADAS become more complicated, these technologies need improvement. Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved higher recognition accuracy than traditional feature-based matching algorithms, and can be applied to applications such as road detection. Consequently, several image recognition SoCs with DNN processors [4-5] have been developed. Functional safety is important for automotive applications, so several SoCs, such as [2], comply with ISO26262. The requirements for SoCs that support ADAS features are: high performance for detecting various objects, low power use to keep execution stable in the rapidly changing environment of moving vehicles, and high safety to avoid serious accidents.
Automated System-Level Regression Test Prioritization in a Nutshell (2017)

Westermo Research and Development has developed SuiteBuilder, an automated tool to determine an effective ordering of regression test cases. The ordering is based on factors such as fault detection success, the interval since the last execution, and code modifications. SuiteBuilder has enabled Westermo to overcome numerous regression-testing problems, including lack of time to run a complete regression suite, failure to detect bugs in a timely manner, and repeatedly omitted tests. In the tool's first two years of use, reordered test suites finished in the available time, most fault-detecting test cases were located in the first third of suites, no important test case was omitted, and the necessity for manual work on the suites decreased greatly.
fokas: Formerly Known As -- A Search Engine Incorporating Named Entity Evolution (2012)

High impact events, political changes and new technologies are reflected in our language and lead to constant evolution of terms, expressions and names. This makes search using standard search engines harder, as users need to know all different names used over time to formulate an appropriate query. The fokas search engine demonstrates the impact of enriching search results with results for all temporal variants of the query. It uses NEER, a method for named entity evolution recognition. For each query term, NEER detects temporal variants and presents these to the user. A chart with term frequencies helps users choose among the proposed names to extend the query. This extended query captures relevant documents using temporal variants of the original query and improves overall quality. We use the New York Times corpus which, with its 20 year timespan and many name changes, constitutes a good collection to demonstrate NEER and fokas.
[Evaluation of VEGF and IGF-1 plasma levels in preterm infants--potential correlation with retinopathy of prematurity, clinical implications]. (2009)

Disturbances in the interactions of VEGF and IGF-1 at early stages of ROP, leading to uncontrolled increases in their levels in the proliferative phase of disease, can play an important role in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity.
The FT/sup Lambda/ - FR/sup Lambda/ AWG network: a practical single-hop metro WDM network for efficient uni- and multicasting (2004)

Single-hop WDM networks with a central passive star coupler (PSC), as well as single-hop networks with a central arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) and a single transceiver at each node, have been extensively studied as solutions for the quickly increasing amounts of unicast and multicast traffic in the metropolitan area. The main bottlenecks of these networks are the lack of spatial wavelength reuse in the studied PSC based networks and the single transceiver in the studied AWG based metro WDM networks. In this paper we develop and evaluate the FT <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</sup> -FR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</sup> AWG network, which is based on a central AWG and has arrays of fixed-tuned transmitters and receivers at each node. Transceiver arrays are a mature technology, making the proposed network practical. In addition, the transmitter arrays allow for high speed signaling over the AWG while the receiver arrays relieve the receiver bottleneck arising from multicasting in conjunction with spatial wavelength reuse on the AWG. Our results from probabilistic analysis and simulation indicate that the FT <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</sup> -FR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</sup> AWG network gives particularly good throughput-delay performance for multicast traffic with small multicast group sizes or localized destination nodes, as well as for a mix of unicast and multicast traffic.
A microstructure for the detection of vapor-phase analytes based on orientational transitions of liquid crystals (2007)

We report on the implementation of a microstructure comprising an array of micropillars to create a thin and stable film of nematic liquid crystal (LC), 5CB: 4'-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl, and the use of the microsystem for the colorimetric detection of vapor analytes. The microstructure uses capillary force generated by an array of cylindrical micropillars to steadily support a 22 µm thin film of LC, and overcomes susceptibility to gravity and shock. The feasibility of using the microsystem for gas phase detection is demonstrated by using dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) gas to change the orientation of the LC and hence modulate the intensity of light transmitted through a crossed pair of polarizing films. The microstructure potentially offers a simple and portable solution to toxic gas detection.
Data-driven synthesis for object-oriented frameworks (2011)

Software construction today often involves the use of large frameworks. The challenge in this type of programming is that object-oriented frameworks tend to grow exceedingly intricate; they spread functionality among numerous classes, and any use of the framework requires knowledge of many interacting components. We present a system named MATCHMAKER that from a simple query synthesizes code that interacts with the framework. The query consists of names of two framework classes, and our system produces code enabling interaction between them. MATCHMAKER relies on a database of dynamic program traces called DELIGHT that uses novel abstraction-based indexing techniques to answer queries about the evolution of heap connectivity in a matter of seconds.
Expression of the Human Parvovirus B19 Protein Fused to Protein A in Escherichia coli: Recognition By IgM and IgG Antibodies in Human Sera (1989)

A 1.4 kb fragment (nucleotides 2430 to 3901) encoding portions of the human parvovirus B19 structural proteins was inserted into the pRIT2 plasmid expression vector containing the gene encoding staphylococcal Protein A under the control of the phage lambda promoter PR. The fusion protein was used to raise antibodies in rabbits. The sera were shown by immune electron microscopy to agglutinate B19 particles and were also shown to recognize the VP2 B19 capsid protein, by Western blot analysis. The B19 antigenicity of the fusion protein was confirmed by immunoblot and enzyme immunoassay with IgG and IgM anti-B19-positive reference human sera.
Iminophosphorane-Mediated Synthesis of 4-Hetero-Arylmethylene-2-Aryl-2-Oxazolin-5-Ones (1987)

Abstract A number of 2-oxazolin-5-one derivatives have been prepared by reaction of iminophosphoranes 1 with aroyl chlorides.
WIDE-a distributed architecture for workflow management (2002)

This paper presents the distributed architecture of the WIDE workflow management system. We show how distribution and scalability are obtained by the use of a distributed object model, a client/server architecture, and a distributed workflow server architecture. Specific attention is paid to the extended transaction support and active rule support subarchitectures.