gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Universal Method for Compensation of SAW Diffraction and Other Second Order Effects (1982)

All known methods for diffraction compensation replace the unapodized transducer by a single tap. T his assumption neglects variations of the SAW beam profile over the length of the unapodized transducer and leads to unsatisfying results of the compensation procedure in many cases of interest. Our compensation algorithm computes corrections to the taps of the apodized transducer from the deviations of the analysed frequency r esponse (including second order effects) from the desired response, using a quasi-Newton-opt imization method which takes the unapodized transducer into consideration. This method was successfully applied to remove diffraction e ffects from analysed and measured frequency r esponses, however, the same method can be applied to other second order effects as well.
Application and research development of microencapsulation in plant essential oil (2012)

Microencapsulation is a high-new technique which has a promising future.It has been successfully applied in the food,chemical engineering,medicine,and biology etc.It is widely used in plant essential oil and considerable development is brought to that industry in recent years,and its unique function has solved many problems in traditional application of plant essential oil,thus makes the plant essential oil industry get a substantial development.This paper introduced microencapsulation's application in the plant essential oil,and also made an overview on its recent development of research.The existing problem and direction were also pointed out so as to promote.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MEDIAN NERVE FOLLOWING ENTRAPMENT IN SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE OF THE HUMERUS (1974)

From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
Intracolonic Infusion of Bile Salt Stimulates Release of Peptide YY and Inhibits Cholecystokinin-Stimulated Pancreatic Exocrine Secretion in Conscious Dogs (1991)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of transanal (intracolonic) infusion of bile acid on release of peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK)-stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion in seven conscious dogs. CCK-8 (50 ng/kg/h) was given intravenously for 120 min and either taurocholic acid (TA, 1 or 2 mmol/h) or saline was infused transanally (150 ml/h) during the 0-60-min period of CCK infusion. Transanal infusion of TA (1 or 2 mmol/h) significantly inhibited output of CCK-8-stimulated pancreatic protein, compared to transanal infusion of saline during the first 60 min. On the average, the magnitude of inhibition was approximately 45%. Plasma concentrations of PYY increased significantly in response to intracolonic infusion of TA or saline. Transanal infusion of TA (1 or 2 mmol/h) significantly increased plasma levels of PYY when compared with transanal infusion of saline during the first 60 min. The magnitude of the increase of plasma PYY levels was approximately 50 pg/ml (p less than 0.05). Plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide were not altered significantly by transanal infusion of TA. Our results suggest that release of endogenous PYY by TA in the colon plays a role in the inhibition of CCK-stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion. Bile salts in the hindgut may participate in the physiologic regulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion by stimulation of release of ilealcolonic PYY.
Surface-acoustic-wave rejection filters using mode conversion/reconversion (1974)

The phenomenon of mode conversion/reconversion is considered in terms of filter theory, and the principles applied to a surface-acoustic-wave rejection filter. A rejection peak exceeding 40 dB is obtained with an overall rejection bandwidth of 1%.
Specific decrease of T<sub>h</sub>1-like activity in mice with plasma cell tumors (1995)

Previously we examined the ability of the host's immune responses to regulate Ig production in an IgE-secreting murine plasma cell tumor (B53). In the present study we have examined the reverse phenomenon, in that we have investigated the effects of this and other plasma cell tumors on the immune responses of their hosts. We found that splenocytes from plasma cell tumor-bearing mice demonstrate decreased proliferation in response to polyclonal stimulation by either Con A or a combination of PMA and calcium ionophore (A23187). Fractionation of the splenocytes demonstrated that this reduction in proliferation was confined to CD4+ T cells and that the proliferation of CD8+ T cells was unaffected. In order to determine whether the down-modulatory effects of the tumor were confined to a particular CD4+ helper T cell subset, we examined the production of cytokines representing the Th1 subset (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and the Th2 subset (IL-4 and IL-10) from stimulated splenocytes and from stimulated enriched splenic T cells. We found that both stimulated splenocytes and T cells from plasma cell tumor-bearing mice produced lower levels of the Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma compared with normal cultures, demonstrating that Th1-like responses are inhibited in the hosts of these tumors. However, no alterations in the production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were observed in these stimulated splenocyte or T cell cultures from the tumor-bearing mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Current Conduction Mechanism of Nitrogen-Doped ${\rm AlO}_{x}$ RRAM (2014)

To eliminate the forming process in resistive random access memory (RRAM), we introduced nitrogen into AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> layer to generate a moderate amount of traps inside the film. The composition of nitrogen-doped AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> (N-AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) RRAM is revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. To understand the current conduction mechanism of N-AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> RRAM, we investigated field and temperature dependence of the charge transport. Based on the extracted trap levels of high-resistance state and various low-resistance states, the current conduction is found to be governed by Frenkel-Poole emission. An energy band model is also proposed to clarify the current conduction mechanism and switching behavior of N-AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> RRAM.
Current Waveforms for Lightning Simulation (2011)

From a survey of the literature on lightning characteristics, we present and discuss our recommendations for the median (50%) and severe (1%) values of the salient parameters of lightning current in both positive and negative cloud-to-ground discharges. We present general expressions, suitable for numerical simulation of lightning effects, for lightning current versus time, current derivative versus time, second current derivative versus time, charge transfer versus time, and action integral (specific energy) versus time. We give sets of constants for these expressions such that the resultant waveforms for positive and negative flashes and for their component strokes and continuing current exhibit approximately the median and severe lightning current parameters recommended, and otherwise resemble the measured waveforms found in the literature.
The Impact of Swirl Ratio and Injection Pressure on Fuel-Air Mixing in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine (2012)

Toluene fuel-tracer laser-induced fluorescence is employed to quantitatively measure the equivalence ratio distributions in the cylinder of a light-duty diesel engine operating in a low-temperature, high-EGR, and early-injection operating mode. Measurements are made in a non-combusting environment at crank angles capturing the mixture preparation period: from the start-of-injection through the onset of high-temperature heat release. Three horizontal planes are considered: within the clearance volume, the bowl rim region, and the lower bowl. Swirl ratio and injection pressure are varied independently, and the impact of these parameters on the mixture distribution is correlated to the heat release rate and the engine-out emissions. As the swirl ratio or injection pressure is increased, the amount of over-lean mixture in the upper central region of the combustion chamber, in the bowl rim region and above, also increases. Unexpectedly, increased injection pressure results in a greater quantity of over-rich mixture within the squish volume.
Effects of steroidal and nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors on markers of bone turnover in healthy postmenopausal women (2007)

Exemestane increased serum levels of the bone-formation marker PINP after 24 weeks, suggesting a specific bone-formation effect related to its androgenic structure. Potential effects on cortical bone and reduced fracture risk must be verified in a comparative clinical trial.
Increasing the predictability of AIMS measurements by coupling to resist simulations (2008)

This paper studies the application of resist models to AIMS<sup>TM</sup> images. Measured AIMS<sup>TM</sup> data were coupled with resist simulations of the Fraunhofer IISB research and development lithography simulator Dr.LiTHO and with a compact resist model developed by Carl Zeiss SMS. Through-focus image data of the AIMS<sup>TM</sup> are transformed into a bulk image--the intensity distribution within the resist. This bulk image is used to compute the concentration of photo-acid after exposure and the following resist processing. In the result a resist profile is obtained, which can be used to extract the printed wafer linewidth and other data. Additionally, a compact resist model developed by Carl Zeiss SMS was directly applied to the AIMS<sup>TM</sup> data. The described procedures are used to determine dose latitudes for lines and spaces with different pitches. The obtained data are compared to actual wafer prints for a 1.2 NA system.
A Three-Pole Supramolecular Switch (1999)

A supramolecular system that switches reversibly, via three different states, through electrochemical adjustment of the guest properties of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) has been developed. 1H NMR, luminescence, and absorption spectroscopies, in conjunction with LSI mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, and cyclic/differential pulse voltammetries, established that the π-electron-accepting (EA) tetrathiafulvalenium dication (TTF2+) binds strongly within the cavity of the π-electron-donating (ED) macrocyclic polyether 1,5-dinaphtho[38]crown-10 (1/5DN38C10), generating a host−guest complex that is stabilized by, inter alia, π−π stacking interactions. Comparable techniques have also demonstrated that neutral tetrathiafulvalene (TTF(0)) acts as an ED guest when it complexes with the EA tetracationic cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT4+). On the other hand, the tetrathiafulvalenium radical cation (TTF+•) is not bound by either of the hosts CBPQT4+ or 1/5DN38C10. Electrochemical experiments revealed that the three-component mixture CBPQT4+−1/5DN38C10−TTF behaves as a reversible three-pole supramolecular switch, since, depending on the potential range, TTF can be (1) free (in the TTF+• state), (2) included within the cavity of CBPQT4+ (as TTF(0)), or (3) complexed with 1/5DN38C10 (in the TTF2+ state). The system's three-pole behavior has interesting implications in relation to the design of electrochromic displays and devices capable of controlling energy- or electron-transfer processes between selected components.
A quantitative analysis of apolipoprotein binding to SR-BI: multiple binding sites for lipid-free and lipid-associated apolipoproteins (2003)

Competitive binding experiments were performed using Y1-BS1 adrenal cells to provide information about the interaction of HDL apolipoproteins with scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI). Exchangeable apolipoproteins apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apoA-II, apoE-2, apoE-3, and apoE-4 as phospholipid complexes bind like HDL3 to SR-BI via their multiple amphipathic alpha-helices; the concentrations required to reduce the binding of HDL3 to SR-BI by 50% (IC50) were similar and in the range of 35-50 microgram protein/ml. In the case of apoA-I, peptides corresponding to segments 1-85, 44-65, 44-87, 149-243, and 209-241 all had the same IC50 as each other (P = 0.86), showing that a specific amino acid sequence in apoA-I is not responsible for the interaction with SR-BI. The distribution of charged residues in the amphipathic alpha-helix affects the interaction, with class A and Y helices binding better than class G* helices. Synthetic alpha-helical peptides composed of either l or d amino acids can bind equally to the receptor. Association with phospholipid increases the amount of apolipoprotein binding to SR-BI without altering the affinity of binding. Lipid-free apolipoproteins compete only partially with the binding of HDL to SR-BI, whereas lipidated apolipoproteins compete fully. These results are consistent with the existence of more than one type of apolipoprotein binding site on SR-BI.
Learning control applied to Electro-Hydraulic Poppet Valves (2008)

This paper describes a novel state trajectory control method and its application to electro-hydraulic poppet valves (EHPV). The control objective is to find a control sequence that forces the state of the plant to asymptotically converge to the desired state trajectory. This is to be accomplished without requiring exact information about the state transition map of the plant. In fact, it is desired to learn the inverse input-state map of the plant at the same time state tracking control is enforced. As an application of this novel controller, the tracking of a desired supply pressure trajectory is considered. This is achieved by learning the flow conductance coefficient Kv of the EHPV. The novel state trajectory control method achieves this objective by learning the inverse input- state mapping of the valve at the same time that this mapping is used in the feedforward loop. The mapping learning is accomplished with the aid of a simple neural network structure called the nodal link perceptron network (NLPN). The NLPN is trained online via a gradient descent method to minimize the errors in the inverse input-state mapping approximation. The supply pressure tracking performance subject to the proposed controller is validated through experimental data.
Selective Reduction of Azido Groups in Monosaccharides with Triphenyl-phosphine (2006)

The regioselective reduction of one azido group in glycopyranoside and mannitol derivatives containing two azido functions with triphenylphosphine is described. In cyclic substrates with two secondary azides, equatorial azides were reduced in good yields in preference to axial azides. Steric, but not electronic, factors ­appear to determine the regiochemical outcome of the Staudinger reduction.
Bayesian Interpolation and Deconvolution (1992)

. The deconvolution problem is addressed in stages beginning with the interpolation problem when little prior information is available and proceeding to the full deconvolution problem when a great deal of prior information is available. The results of the calculations indicate that good solutions to the deconvolution problem are available even when limited prior information is available and that these results overlap those obtained when a great deal of prior information is available. The difference between them is that the use of uninformative priors causes large uncertainties in the estimated signal, while highly informative priors decreases the uncertainties in the estimated signal. Introduction The deconvolution problem is important in many branches of science and engineering. In this problem the &quot;image&quot; or signal is convolved with a smearing function. This function is also called an impulse response function because the ideal noiseless signal that one would obtain in response to a...
Brain IL-1 beta was involved in reserpine-induced behavioral depression in rats. (2004)

Reserpine induced behavioral depression partially via brain interleukin-1 beta generation.
Influence of Trap Position with respect to Height and Placement Surface on Capture of the Tobacco Moth, <i>Ephestiaelutella</i> (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Pheromone Traps (2010)

Abstract The efficacy of pheromone traps is affected by trap placement and pest biology, as well as by the trap and lure design. We evaluated the effect of trap height and placement in relation to surfaces on tobacco moth catches using release-capture experiments. Six traps were mounted vertically in a 9 × 15 × 4.2-5.8 m shed on a wall at heights of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m. More catches were obtained near the ceiling and at 1 m above the floor in the dark. Catches at 1 m were negligible when light shone through the upper windows. In a 42.3 × 36.5 × 4 m tobacco warehouse, the respective efficacies of aerially suspended traps and surface-mounted traps were examined. The number of catches obtained using traps mounted on pillars was significantly higher than that obtained in traps suspended from poles. These results suggest practical considerations for monitoring in warehouses. We recommend eliminating any night lighting and placing traps on surfaces, such as walls and stored commodities, at higher positions that are within reach (1 m) to facilitate convenient inspection.
Increased glucose tolerance and reduced adiposity in the absence of fasting hypoglycemia in mice with liver-specific Gsα deficiency (2005)

The G protein G(s)alpha is essential for hormone-stimulated cAMP generation and is an important metabolic regulator. We investigated the role of liver G(s)-signaling pathways by developing mice with liver-specific G(s)alpha deficiency (LGsKO mice). LGsKO mice had increased liver weight and glycogen content and reduced adiposity, whereas survival, body weight, food intake, and metabolic rates at ambient temperature were unaffected. LGsKO mice had increased glucose tolerance with both increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased insulin sensitivity in liver and muscle. Fed LGsKO mice were hypoglycemic and hypoinsulinemic, with low expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes and PPARgamma coactivator-1. However, LGsKO mice maintained normal fasting glucose and insulin levels, probably due to prolonged breakdown of glycogen stores and possibly increased extrahepatic gluconeogenesis. Lipid metabolism was unaffected in fed LGsKO mice, but fasted LGsKO mice had increased lipogenic and reduced lipid oxidation gene expression in liver and increased serum triglyceride and FFA levels. LGsKO mice had very high serum glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 levels and pancreatic alpha cell hyperplasia, probably secondary to hepatic glucagon resistance and/or chronic hypoglycemia. Our results define novel roles for hepatic G(s)-signaling pathways in glucose and lipid regulation, which may prove useful in designing new therapeutic targets for diabetes and obesity.
MESURE DE LA DISTRIBUTION DES CONTRAINTES RESIDUELLES EN PROFONDEUR PAR LA METHODE DU TROU INCREMENTALE (1985)

LA METHODE DU TROU EST UTILISEE DEPUIS LONGTEMPS POUR MESURER LES CONTRAINTES RESIDUELLES DANS LES PIECES MECANIQUES. JUSQU'A CES DERNIERES ANNEES, LA PROCEDURE EXPERIMENTALE UTILISEE ET LA FORMULATION THEORIQUE DE CETTE METHODE NE PERMETTAIENT SON UTILISATION QUE DANS LE CAS DE CONTRAINTES RESIDUELLES HOMOGENES DANS L'EPAISSEUR DU MATERIAU CORRESPONDANT A LA PROFONDEUR DU TROU PERCE. DES DEVELOPPEMENTS RECENTS ONT PERMIS D'AMELIORER CETTE METHODE POUR LUI PERMETTRE, A PARTIR D'UN PERCAGE PAS A PAS, DE DETERMINER LA REPARTITION DES CONTRAINTES RESIDUELLES DANS L'EPAISSEUR DU MATERIAU QUE L'ON SOIT OU NON EN PRESENCE D'UN FORT GRADIENT DE CONTRAINTE. UNE CALIBRATION A L'AIDE DU CALCUL PAR LA METHODE DES ELEMENTS FINIS A ETE UTILISEE POUR DETERMINER LES COEFFICIENTS QUI RELIENT LES DEFORMATIONS MESUREES LORS DE CHAQUE INCREMENT DE PERCAGE AUX CONTRAINTES RESIDUELLES EXISTANTES A LA PROFONDEUR CONSIDEREE. DES ESSAIS COMPARATIFS ONT ETE REALISES AVEC LA METHODE DE LA FLECHE (CURVATURE METHOD) ET LA METHODE PAR DIFFRACTION DES RAYONS X SUR DES EPROUVETTES GRENAILLEES ET TREMPEES A L'EAU. LA COMPARAISON DES RESULTATS DES DIFFERENTES METHODES MONTRE UNE BONNE CONCORDANCE. (A).
The effect of bilateral medial meniscectomy on articular cartilage of the hip joint. (1984)

Bilateral medial meniscectomy of the knee joint was undertaken in 4 mature greyhounds. Four greyhounds of similar age served as nonsurgical controls. Six months after meniscectomy, all animals were sacrificed and femoral head articular cartilage (FHC) examined for collagen, uronic acid, galactosamine, glucosamine and hyaluronic acid (HA) content. The sequential extractability of proteoglycans (PG) with non-dissociative (0.5 M GuHCl) and dissociative (0.4 M GuHCl) solvents was also investigated. The levels of collagen, uronic acid, galactosamine and glucosamine of the FHC of the meniscectomized group remained normal relative to FHC taken from the control greyhounds but the level of HA was significantly depressed (p less than 0.05). The amount of PG extracted by 0.5 M GuHCl from the FHC of the meniscectomized group was 2.5 X that extracted from control cartilage. In addition, subsequent extraction of the residues with 4.0 M GuHCl only released half the amounts of PG extracted from control FHC under the same conditions.
The role of protein kinase-C in signal transduction through vasopressin and acetylcholine receptors in pancreatic B-cells from normal mouse (1994)

The role of protein kinase-C (PKC) in the potentiation of insulin release by arginine vasopressin (AVP) and acetylcholine (ACh) was investigated with normal mouse islets. The islets were submitted to a short term (30-min) or long term (22-h) treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to stimulate acutely or down-regulate PKC before being stimulated by AVP or ACh. Control islets were treated with the inactive 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate. In the presence of 15 mM glucose and 2.5 mM Ca2+, AVP and ACh stimulated inositol phosphate (IP) formation, increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ (Cai2+), and potentiated insulin release. These effects were greater with ACh than with AVP, in particular on Cai2+, which was scarcely affected by AVP. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, only ACh induced a short-lived increase in Cai2+ and insulin. Acute treatment with PMA in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ strongly increased insulin release in spite of a marked lowering of Cai2+. Under these conditions, the effects of AVP and ACh on IP production and Cai2+ were practically abolished, and only ACh transiently increased insulin release. In the absence of Ca2+, the small mobilization of Cai2+ by ACh triggered a peak of insulin, whereas a similar mobilization of Cai2+ by AVP was ineffective on insulin. After long term treatment of the islets with PMA, AVP normally increased IP formation, but did not affect insulin release. The effect of ACh on IP was still inhibited. However, ACh produced a marked transient increase in Cai2+, with a small transient release of insulin. The releasing effect of ACh was also inhibited in the absence of Ca2+. In conclusion, PKC plays a dual role in the B-cell responses to ACh and AVP. Its activation is necessary for the sustained potentiation of insulin release that both agents produce. This effect probably results from a sensitization of the secretory machinery to Cai2+, the triggering signal. PKC also exerts a negative feedback control on the signal transduction mechanisms involving phospholipase-C, but the ACh and AVP responses are not equally affected by this feedback.