gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feedforward power distortion correction in RF power delivery systems for plasma processing systems (2012)

Many critical technologies rely and will continue to rely on processes that utilize plasma based material processing. Plasma processing is a cornerstone technology for the semiconductor industry, and plays a critical role in the continued adherence of technology advances to the now famous Moore's Law. Paramount to the continuum of plasma processing advances for thin-film manufacturing are reliable and repeatable RF power delivery systems used for RF plasma discharges. In conventional RF power delivery systems, the RF power supply performs local control to regulate power for the required power level. An impedance tuning network resides between the RF power supply and the RF discharge. In a manner analogous to the RF power supply, this impedance tuning network, with dual actuators for load and tune compensation, adjusts variable impedance devices (i.e. variable capacitors) with motor-controlled actuators to adapt the network for maximum power transfer from the RF source to the plasma discharge. When power transfer is not at a maximum, some portion of the power is reflected by the load back to the RF source. We consider this power loss a distortion that requires a correction to achieve an optimal power transfer condition. Our centralized control approach is economical and achieves the vexing performance objectives necessary for advancing thin-film manufacturing. In our scheme, power regulation is also conducted with autonomous feedback control in the power supply. An RF sensor in the power supply serves a dual purpose of (1) coupling feedback to the power controller, and (2) providing a quantitative power distortion measurement of the RF power delivery system. We centralize control and remove systematic redundancy with a feedforward controller, also in the RF power supply, to correct the power distortion by adjusting elements in the impedance tuning network. We demonstrate the primary instantiation of our feedforward controller with a frequency-agile RF power supply. By adjusting frequency, power distortion in the RF power delivery system is corrected. Our feedforward framework is a significant and substantial departure from the industry practice of using heuristic methods for impedance tuning to overcome RF power distortion. We demonstrate fast frequency tuning operation that is required by short-cycle thin-film processes and RF pulsing applications.
A Wafer-level Protective Technique Using Glass Caps for MEMS Gyroscopes (2006)

MEMS gyroscopes are easily damaged and contaminated in dicing, test, transportation and storage due to their fragile movable structures and small feature size. A wafer-level protective technique is developed by directly bonding a glass cap on the fabricated gyroscope. The protective packaging is based on the silicon glass anodic-bonding and deep etching release (SGADER) process. Preliminary testing is carried out to study the reliability and yield of the protective packaging technique, and the results show that a great improvement has been achieved
Speed and positioning systems: the traditional way (1997)

This paper gives a summary of traditional speed and position measurement for railway systems. The intention is to give an introduction to nonrailway experts. The safe operation of the trains in railway traffic is essential and the accuracy in speed and position measurement is one of the main conditions for that. Traditionally the measurements and calculations are made on the train, and the results are compared with on board data to perform the correct actions. If the action is not correct and the situation becomes dangerous, the control system will stop the train. One of the problems with the existing systems is the inaccuracy in the measurements. This has been taken care of, by increasing the safety margin, and thus decreasing the capacity for the traffic. The inaccuracy mainly depends on slip and slide of train movements, which is a consequence of the low friction on the rails.
A Potential Application of a Piezoelectric Atomiser for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery (2007)

A liquid atomiser composed of a piezoelectric transducer and a metal plate with numerous micro‐apertures is studied to identify the most influential factors on its atomising performance. The Taguchi method is employed in the experiment design and analysis of the study on how each factor acts in the atomising process. An optimal condition is determined for producing a stream of droplets. The study shows that the droplet size and the spraying velocity are suitable for ophthalmic drug delivery application, with an even distribution of the drug over most of the eyeball surface area due to the controllable cross‐sectional area of the droplet stream. This greatly improves the treatment effectiveness and efficiency of eye therapy. Finally, a structure of the ophthalmic drug delivery system is proposed.
Protective Effect of BCG against Tuberculous Meningitis and Miliary Tuberculosis: A Meta-Analysis (1993)

The protective effect of BCG against tuberculosis (TB) estimated in randomized controlled trials and observational studies ranges from negative to close to a 100%. One of the many explanations offered for this is that different immunological mechanisms may be associated with protective effect against different forms and sites of disease. In this investigation, we recalculated vaccine protective effect separately for pulmonary disease and for meningeal/miliary disease in randomized controlled trials and case-control studies, tested for heterogeneity in site-specific estimates of protective effect and calculated a summary measure when appropriate. We found protective effect against pulmonary disease to be heterogeneous to a statistically significant degree, and thus we did not calculate a summary measure of protection. Protective effect against meningeal and miliary TB was higher than against pulmonary disease and, except for a single study with two cases only, appeared to be homogenous. Summary BCG protective effect against miliary or meningeal TB in randomized controlled trials was 86% (95% confidence interval [CI] 65, 95) and in case-control studies 75% (95% CI: 61, 84). The fact that protective effect appeared to be homogeneous against meningitis and miliary TB but not against pulmonary disease may result from the fact that patients with meningitis are on average younger and thus less likely to have been exposed to atypical bacteria; to a waning of the protective effect of BCG; or from the diversity of mechanisms of pathogenesis of pulmonary disease, which can originate from reinfection, reactivation or primary progression.
Identification of Flavonoid Compounds by Filter Paper Chromatography (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of Flavonoid Compounds by Filter Paper ChromatographyThomas Gage, Carl Douglass, and Simon WenderCite this: Anal. Chem. 1951, 23, 11, 1582–1585Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60059a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60059a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense sp. nov., isolated from healthy infant faeces (2010)

Strains HM2-1 and HM2-2(T) were isolated from the faeces of a healthy infant and were characterized by determining their phenotypic and biochemical features and phylogenetic positions based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. They were Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-gas-producing, and catalase-negative non-motile rods. They did not grow at 15 or 45 °C in anaerobic bacterial culture medium, and their DNA G+C content was in the range 56-59 mol%. In enzyme activity tests, strains HM2-1 and HM2-2(T) were positive for α/β-galactosidases and α/β-glucosidases but negative for β-glucuronidase and cystine arylamidase. An analysis of the cell-wall composition of strains HM2-1 and HM2-2(T) revealed the presence of glutamic acid, alanine and lysine. The presence of fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase shows that isolates HM2-1 and HM2-2(T) are members of the genus Bifidobacterium. These two isolates belong to the same species of the genus Bifidobacterium. Strain HM2-2(T) was found to be related to Bifidobacterium catenulatum JCM 1194(T) (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity: 1480/1520 bp), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum JCM 1200(T) (97.2 %: 1472/1514 bp), Bifidobacterium dentium ATCC 27534(T) (96.7 %: 1459/1509 bp) and Bifidobacterium angulatum ATCC 27535(T) (96.5 %: 1462/1515 bp). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strains HM2-1 and HM2-2(T) were 16 : 0 and 18 : 1ω9c, with proportions greater than 18 % of the total. Phylogenetic analyses involving phenotypic characterization, DNA-DNA hybridization and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing proves that the strains represent a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium, for which the name Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HM2-2(T) ( = JCM 15439(T) = DSM 21854(T)).
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Method for the Preparation of α′‐Chloroketones of N‐ Carbamate Protected‐α‐Amino Acids. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Flipping Coins In Many Pockets (Byzantine Agreement On Uniformly Random Values) (2005)

It was recently shown by Michael Rabin that a sequence of random 0-1 values, prepared and distributed by a trusted "dealer," can be used to achieve Byzantine agreement in constant expected time in a network of processors. A natural question is whether it is possible to generate these values uniformly at random within the network. In this paper we present a cryptography based protocol for agreernent on a 0-1 randona value, if less than half of the processors are faulty. In fact the protocol allows uniform sampling from any finite set, and thus solves the problem of choosing a network leader uniformly at random. The protocol is usable both when all the communication is via "broadcast," in which case it needs three rounds of information exchange, and when each pair of processors communicate on a private line, in which case it needs 3t + 3 rounds, where t is the number of faulty proccssors. The protocol remains valid even if passive eavesdropping is allowed. On the other hand we show that no (probabilistic) protocol can achieve agreement on a fair coin in fewer phases then necessary for Byzantine agreement, and hence the "pre-dealt" nature of the random sequence required for Rabin's algorithm is crucial.
Local Anesthetic Blockade of Peripheral Nerves for Treatment of Neuralgias (2011)

Because all reviewed articles were only single case reports or case series, no reliable conclusion could be drawn concerning the effectiveness of nerve blocks with local anesthetics in neuralgia. However, 2 features of the analyzed reports-the large magnitude of the effect and the high consistency of the reported outcome-indicate that future research efforts are warranted.
Pyridoxamine (Pyridoxine) 5'-Phosphate Oxidase Activity in Rat Tissues during Development of Riboflavin or Pyridoxine Deficiency (1979)

Compared with animals fed the control diet, PMP oxidase activity decreased significantly in the livers, kidneys, and brains of young rats fed a riboflavin-deficient purified diet for 6 weeks. PMP oxidase activity in tissues from rats fed a pyridoxine-deficient diet was not different from controls. PMP oxidase activity was more sensitive than the EGR activity coefficient to the degree of riboflavin depletion. It was concluded that PMP oxidase activity was a sensitive and specific index of riboflavin status.
Benchmarking CAD search techniques (2005)

While benchmark datasets have been proposed for testing computer vision and 3D shape retrieval algorithms, no such datasets have yet been put forward to assess the relevance of these techniques for engineering problems. This paper presents several distinctive benchmark datasets for evaluating techniques for automated classification and retrieval of CAD objects. These datasets include (1) a dataset of CAD primitives (such as those common in constructive solid geometry modeling); (2) two datasets consisting of classes generated by minor topological variation; (3) two datasets of industrial CAD models classified based on object function and manufacturing process, respectively; (4) and a dataset of LEGO© models from the Mindstorms© robotics kits. Each model in the datasets is available in three formats - ACIS SAT, ISO STEP, and as a VRML mesh (some models are available under several different fidelity settings). These are all available through the National Design Repository.Using these datasets, we present comprehensive empirical results for nińe (9) different shape and solid model matching and retrieval techniques. These experiments show, as expected, that the quality of precision-recall performance can significantly vary on different datasets. These experiments reveal that for certain object classes and classifications, such as those based on manufacturing processes, all existing techniques perform poorly. This study reveals the strengths and weaknesses of existing research in these areas, introduces open challenge problems, and provides meaningful datasets and metrics against which the success of current and future work can be measured.
Cost-effectiveness analysis for onychomycosis therapy in Canada from a government perspective (1994)

An economic analysis of the oral antifungal drugs griseofulvin (GRI), ketoconazole (KET), and terbinafine (TER), currently registered and used in treating onychomycosis of fingernails and toenails, was performed using a model that incorporates elements of both meta-analysis and pharmacoeconomics. The meta-analysis of published studies determined rates of success, relapse and side-effects. The perspective taken for the analysis was that of the government payer, with expected total cost and cost-effectiveness being calculated. A multiphase approach was used. The studies of onychomycosis of the fingernails showed that TER had a 95.0% success rate, KET 80.9%, and GRI 59.6%. GRI had the lowest acquisition costs. The success rates for onychomycosis of the toenails were: TER 78.3%, KET 40.8%, and GRI 17.5%. GRI had the lowest acquisition costs. However, expected cost comparison showed TER had the lowest cost because of shorter treatment duration. The expected cost of therapy with a 100% government payer perspective for fingernail onychomycosis was the lowest for TER ($439.83), followed by GRI ($480.80), then KET ($755.46). Toenail onychomycosis showed the same order for the comparators, with TER $1049.77, GRI $1388.54 and KET $1936.48. When compared with TER, fingernail cost-effectiveness ratios for GRI and KET were 1.51 and 2.00. Toenail cost-effectiveness ratios were 2.49 and 2.48, respectively. For both fingernail and toenail onychomycosis, TER had the greatest number of disease-free days (973 for fingernails; 1073 for toenails), followed by KET (837; 798), then GRI (702; 569).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An association-based clustering approach to order batching considering customer demand patterns (2004)

Research on warehousing systems has gained interest since the 1980s, reflecting the fact that supply chain management has pursued a demand-driven organization with high product variety, small order sizes, and reliable short response times throughout the supply chain. This market trend has affected warehouse management and operations tremendously. Order batching in a warehouse attempts to achieve high-volume order processing operations by consolidating small orders into batches. Order batching is an essential operation of order processing in which several orders are grouped into batches. This paper describes the development of an order batching approach based on data mining and integer programming. It is valuable to discover the important associations between orders such that the occurrence of some orders in a batch will cause the occurrence of other orders in the same batch. An order-clustering model based on 0–1 integer programming can be formulated to maximize the associations between orders within each batch. From the results of several test problems, the proposed approach shows its ability to find quality solutions of order batching problems.
Regulation of Organelle Movement in Melanophores by Protein Kinase A (PKA), Protein Kinase C (PKC), and Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) (1998)

We used melanophores, cells specialized for regulated organelle transport, to study signaling pathways involved in the regulation of transport. We transfected immortalized Xenopus melanophores with plasmids encoding epitope-tagged inhibitors of protein phosphatases and protein kinases or control plasmids encoding inactive analogues of these inhibitors. Expression of a recombinant inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA) results in spontaneous pigment aggregation. alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), a stimulus which increases intracellular cAMP, cannot disperse pigment in these cells. However, melanosomes in these cells can be partially dispersed by PMA, an activator of protein kinase C (PKC). When a recombinant inhibitor of PKC is expressed in melanophores, PMA-induced pigment dispersion is inhibited, but not dispersion induced by MSH. We conclude that PKA and PKC activate two different pathways for melanosome dispersion. When melanophores express the small t antigen of SV-40 virus, a specific inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), aggregation is completely prevented. Conversely, overexpression of PP2A inhibits pigment dispersion by MSH. Inhibitors of protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B) do not affect pigment movement. Therefore, melanosome aggregation is mediated by PP2A.
Switching subreflector for millimeter wave radio astronomy (1976)

A method of beam switching a Cassegrain antenna used for radio astronomy by tilting the hyperbolic secondary reflector is described. The system described has been in use for over a year at the 11-m millimeter wave antenna operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory at Kitt Peak, Arizona.
Low-Pressure Carburizing (2013)

Abstract Low-pressure carburizing (LPC) is one of the most popular case-hardening processes and is applied to increase the fatigue limit of dynamically loaded components. It takes place in a pressure range between 5 and 15 mbar (4 and 11 torr) and at temperature range between 870 and 1050 deg C. The LPC process runs in two different types of equipment: single-chamber furnaces and treatment chambers. This article reviews the use of simulation software for prediction of carbon profiles and typical quality control procedures. It describes the physical principles and typical applications of LPC.
Multi-Agent Transit Operations and Assignment Model. (2013)

Transit systems exercise complex dynamics and evolve through the interaction of various agents. The analysis of transit performance requires emulating the dynamic loading of travellers and their interaction with the underlying transit system. Multi-agent simulations aim to mimic the emergence of global spontaneous order from numerous inter-dependent local decisions. This paper presents a framework for a multi-agent transit operations and assignment model which captures supply uncertainties and adaptive user decisions. An iterative day-to-day learning process consisting of a within-day dynamic network loading loop simulates the interaction between transit supply and demand. The model requires the development and integration of several modules including traffic simulation, transit operations and control, dynamic path choice model and real-time information generator. BusMezzo, a transit simulation model, is used as the platform for implementation.
Terminal velocity and drag reduction measurements on superhydrophobic spheres (2009)

Super water-repellent surfaces occur naturally on plants and aquatic insects and are created in the laboratory by combining micro- or nanoscale surface topographic features with hydrophobic surface chemistry. When such types of water-repellent surfaces are submerged they can retain a film of air (a plastron). In this work, we report measurements of the terminal velocity of solid acrylic spheres with various surface treatments settling under the action of gravity in water. We observed increases in terminal velocity corresponding to drag reduction of between 5% and 15% for superhydrophobic surfaces that carry plastrons.
Plasmonic heating of gold nanoparticles and its exploitation (2005)

Nanoscale particles of metals such as gold can interact with light by means of a plasmon resonance, even though they are much smaller than the wavelengths of visible light. The proportions of light that are absorbed and scattered vary with wavelength. Any light that is absorbed will cause heating of the particles, and this effect may potentially be exploited for solar glazing coatings, nanoscale lithography or medical treatments. The position of maximum absorption of an isolated spherical nanoparticle is 518 nm, but this may be significantly red-shifted by means of decreasing the symmetry to an prolate spheroid or 'nanorod’, or by producing a metal 'nanoshell’ on a dielectric core, or by aggregating insulated spherical particles. Absorption peaks in the vicinity of 655 nm for aggregated particles and 780 nm for prolate spheroids are demonstrated here. Absorbed energy is released as heat into the environment of the particles, and will cause a temperature rise within the particle the magnitude of which depends upon the value of the effective heat transfer coefficient between particle and environment. The latter is not known, but we show how highly localized temperature rises of some tens of Celsius might be conceivable in systems illuminated by sunlight.
Performance characteristics of InGaAs/GaAs and GaAs/InGaAlAs coherently strained superlattice photodiodes (1987)

The properties of In0.24Ga0.76As/GaAs and GaAs/In0.05Ga0.58Al0.37As superlattice photodiodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been investigated. From the temporal response characteristics, deconvolved rise times ∼60–100 ps are obtained. The measured responsivities of the photodiodes with dark currents of 5–10 nA at 10 V are ∼0.4 A/W, which correspond to peak external quantum efficiencies of ∼60%. These results indicate that very high performance photodiodes can be realized with strained layers.