gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer control of space-borne teleoperators with sensory feedback (2005)

This paper presents the conceptual design, analysis, synthesis and software organization of an advanced teleoperator control system with sensory feedback. The design requirements for the system are discussed in detail and an implementation strategy is presented. The resulting system features maximum autonomy of the local hand controller and remote manipulator subsystems, along with kinematic and dynamic coordination between these subsystems. The final design emphasizes cooperation and interaction between the human operator and the computers in control of the sensor-based manipulator system. The hardware and software modules being used to implement the system at JPL are described.
Insight into lithium–metal anodes in lithium–sulfur batteries with a fluorinated ether electrolyte (2015)

Control of polysulfide shuttling and stabilization of lithium anodes are accomplished using a fluorinated electrolyte without cathode confinement or oxidizing additives. The formation of a lithium-surface SEI with hierarchical compositions suppresses parasitic reactions and preserves the anode quality.
Cultural Superstitions and the Price Endings Used in Chinese Advertising (2003)

In traditional Chinese superstition, the numerical digit 8 is associated with prosperity and good luck and the digit 4 is associated with death. An examination of the price endings used in a sample of Chinese price advertisements indicates a distinct tendency to favor the digit 8 and to avoid the digit 4. These results constitute evidence of the role of superstition in the Chinese marketplace and provide guidance for setting prices in this increasingly important market.
Efficient encoding of the MELP LSF parameters: Application of the switched split vector quantization (2010)

Speech coders operating at low bit rates necessitate efficient encoding of the linear predictive coding (LPC) coefficients. In this work, we developed an optimized switched split vector quantization (SSVQ) scheme applied for encoding the LPC coefficients represented by the line spectral frequencies (LSF) parameters. It will be shown that the SSVQ provides better performance in terms of bit-rate, spectral distortion and computational complexity than the traditional split vector quantizer. We further applied our SSVQ encoding system, called LSF-SSVQ encoder, to quantize the LSF parameters of the 2.4 Kbits/s normalised speech coder MELP operating over an ideal noiseless channel.
Visualization, measurement, and interpolation of head -related transfer functions (HRTF's) with applications in electro -acoustic music. (2001)

Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTF's) describe the directionally dependent acoustic filtering properties of the head, torso, and external ear. HRTF's are typically measured at a finite number of spatial locations at a fixed radius from the head using various acoustic system identification techniques. Since HRTF's presumably contain all of the psychoacoustic cues needed to synthesize spatial sound, these functions can be used to simulate virtual or 3-D sound for auditory displays. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the structure of HRTF data with novel 2- and 3-dimensional visualization techniques. We show how simply looking at HRTF's in these different ways can suggest how HRTF's can be analyzed and processed in innovative ways for both engineering and musical purposes. We first provide a comparative visualization study of HRTF data in the time, frequency, space, and volume domains. We demonstrate how elevation effects produced by the pinna and diffraction effects produced by head shadowing can be found in all four domains. We then show that visualizing HRTF data sets with spatial and volumetric methods exposes some artifacts introduced into HRTF's during the measurement procedure. We develop an analytical model for this procedure, show how the model accounts for these artifacts, and illustrate how these artifacts can be found in HRTF's measured by the author and HRTF's reported elsewhere in the literature. Visualizing HRTF's with spatial techniques shows that HRTF data resembles responses produced by spatially distributed sensor arrays, or beamformers. We develop an adaptive extension to an existing beamformer model for HRTF's and use the model to investigate some dynamic and cognitive phenomena associated with directional hearing. Finally, we show how interpolation methods used to create spatial domain visualizations can be exploited to compute interpolated HRTF's corresponding to arbitrary spatial locations. We describe a listening experiment designed to evaluate the perceptual quality of the interpolation algorithm. To demonstrate how interpolated HRTF's can be put to creative use, we discuss compositional techniques developed for <italic>Fishbowl</italic>, an original, binaural composition of electro-acoustic music containing moving sound sources synthesized from interpolated HRTF's. Sound examples can be found on the accompanying CD.* *This dissertation includes a CD that is compound (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation). The CD requires the following application: Adobe Acrobat.
Induction of tachykinin gene and peptide expression in guinea pig nodose primary afferent neurons by allergic airway inflammation. (1996)

Substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have potent proinflammatory effects in the airways. They are released from sensory nerve endings originating in jugular and dorsal root ganglia. However, the major sensory supply to the airways originates from the nodose ganglion. In this study, we evaluated changes in neuropeptide biosynthesis in the sensory airway innervation of ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged guinea pigs at the mRNA and peptide level. In the airways, a three- to fourfold increase of SP, NKA, and CGRP, was seen 24 h following allergen challenge. Whereas no evidence of local tachykinin biosynthesis was found 12 h after challenge, increased levels of preprotachykinin (PPT)-A mRNA (encoding SP and NKA) were found in nodose ganglia. Quantitative in situ hybridization indicated that this increase could be accounted for by de novo induction of PPT-A mRNA in nodose ganglion neurons. Quantitative immunohistochemistry showed that 24 h after challenge, the number of tachykinin-immunoreactive nodose ganglion neurons had increased by 25%. Their projection to the airways was shown. Changes in other sensory ganglia innervating the airways were not evident. These findings suggest that an induction of sensory neuropeptides in nodose ganglion neurons is crucially involved in the increase of airway hyperreactivity in the late response to allergen challenge.
Lactobacilli and streptococci induce inflammatory chemokine production in human macrophages that stimulates Th1 cell chemotaxis (2003)

Macrophages have a central role in innate-immune responses to bacteria. In the present work, we show that infection of human macrophages with Gram-positive pathogenic Streptococcus pyogenes or nonpathogenic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG enhances mRNA expression of inflammatory chemokine ligands CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), CCL3/macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), CCL5/regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted, CCL7/MCP-3, CCL19/MIP-3beta, and CCL20/MIP-3alpha and CXC chemokine ligands CXCL8/interleukin (IL)-8, CXCL9/monokine induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and CXCL10/IFN-inducible protein 10. Bacteria-induced CCL2, CCL7, CXCL9, and CXCL10 mRNA expression was partially dependent on ongoing protein synthesis. The expression of these chemokines and of CCL19 was dependent on bacteria-induced IFN-alpha/beta production. CCL19 and CCL20 mRNA expression was up-regulated by IL-1beta or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and in addition, IFN-alpha together with TNF-alpha further enhanced CCL19 gene expression. Synergy between IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha was also seen for CXCL9 and CXCL10 mRNA expression. Bacteria-stimulated macrophage supernatants induced the migration of T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cells, suggesting that in human macrophages, these bacteria can stimulate efficient inflammatory chemokine gene expression including those that recruit Th1 cells to the site of inflammation. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus-induced Th1 chemokine production could in part explain the proposed antiallergenic properties of this bacterium.
A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms (2002)

We present a new differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry algorithm for monitoring the temporal evolution of surface deformations. The presented technique is based on an appropriate combination of differential interferograms produced by data pairs characterized by a small orbital separation (baseline) in order to limit the spatial decorrelation phenomena. The application of the singular value decomposition method allows us to easily "link" independent SAR acquisition datasets, separated by large baselines, thus increasing the observation temporal sampling rate. The availability of both spatial and temporal information in the processed data is used to identify and filter out atmospheric phase artifacts. We present results obtained on the data acquired from 1992 to 2000 by the European Remote Sensing satellites and relative to the Campi Flegrei caldera and to the city of Naples, Italy, that demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach to follow the dynamics of the detected deformations.
Erosive arthritis associated with apatite crystal deposition (1981)

Apatite crystals can be associated with erosive arthritis. This report describes 3 such patients, 2 of whom had idiopathic apatite crystal deposition and 1 who had apatite related to renal failure and chronic dialysis. Diagnosis was delayed for several years in 1 patient. Roentgenograms showed calcifications in all patients. Synovial fluid had non-birefringent chunks and globules suggestive of apatite. Diagnosis was established by electron microscopy in all 3 patients with verified by x-ray diffraction in 2.
Pore Pressure Estimation From Velocity Data: Accounting for Overpressure Mechanisms Besides Undercompaction (1995)

Summary A new method for estimating pore pressure from formation sonic velocity data is presented. Unlike previous techniques, this method accounts for excess pressure generated by both undercompaction, and fluid expansion mechanisms such as aquathermal pressuring, hydrocarbon maturation, clay diagenesis, and charging from other zones. The method is an effective stress approach; the effective stress is computed from the velocity, and the result is subtracted from the overburden stress to obtain pore pressure. To include multiple sources of overpressure, a pair of velocity-vs.-effective-stress relations are introduced. One relation accounts for normal pressure and overpressure caused by undercompaction. The second is applied inside velocity reversal zones caused by fluid expansion mechanisms. Example applications of the method are presented from the U.S. gulf coast, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Central North Sea. Some other pore pressure estimation approaches are also examined to demonstrate how these techniques have unknowingly accounted for overpressure mechanisms other than undercompaction. It is also explained how velocity-vs.-effective-stress data can be used to identify the general cause of overpressure in an area. For instance, the empirical correlation of Hottman and Johnson indicates that overpressure along the U.S. gulf coast cannot be due only to undercompaction.
Surgical Management of the Groin Lymph Nodes in Melanoma in the Era of Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection (2006)

Our results demonstrate the prognostic significance of LM/SL for early-stage melanoma draining to the groin basin. The accuracy of LM/SL measured by the rare recurrences suggests that this surgical procedure should become standard for patients with early-stage melanoma of the lower extremities and trunk. Sampling of the Cloquet node should be used to determine the need for iliac dissection when a tumor-positive SN is identified in the groin.
Cloning of <i>S</i> -Adenosyl- <scp>l</scp> -Methionine:C-24-Δ-Sterol-Methyltransferase (ERG6) from <i>Leishmania donovani</i> and Characterization of mRNAs in Wild-Type and Amphotericin B-Resistant Promastigotes (2004)

ABSTRACT The 24-alkylated sterols have been shown previously to be absent in membranes of amphotericin B (AmB)-resistant Leishmania donovani promastigotes, suggesting that the S - adenosyl- l -methionine:C-24-Δ-sterol-methyltransferase (SCMT or ERG6) was not functional or not expressed in AmB-resistant (AmB-R) parasites. From an L. donovani wild-type clone, we cloned two cDNAs with an identical open reading frame encoding a putative SCMT, the enzyme responsible for a first sterol methylation at the C-24 position. The two cDNAs differed by their 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) and 5′-UTR sequences. One transcript (A) had a normal structure with a spliced leader and was highly expressed in normal cells but absent in AmB-R cells. The other (B), which did not possess the spliced leader sequence, was weakly expressed in normal cells but strongly expressed in AmB-R cells. As a functional test, ERG6 null mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts were transformed using the pYES2.1 TOPO TA expression vector containing the candidate SCMT1/ERG6 coding sequence cloned from L. donovani . The transformed yeasts exhibited C-24 alkylated sterol expression, mainly ergosterol, within their membranes, proving that the isolated cDNA encodes on a SCMT responsible for sterol methylation. In AmB-R L. donovani promastigotes, the absence of the normal transcript (A) and the expression of an abnormal species (B) devoid of a spliced leader could explain the absence of sterol methylation in these cells. Further studies using a homologous system will allow us to draw conclusions about the relationship between SCMT expression and AmB resistance in Leishmania .
Characterization of XIAP-Deficient Mice (2001)

The inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family consists of a number of evolutionarily conserved proteins that function to inhibit programmed cell death. X-linked IAP (XIAP) was cloned due to its sequence homology with other family members and has previously been shown to prevent apoptosis by binding to active caspases 3, 7, and 9 in vitro. XIAP transcripts can be found in a variety of tissues, and the protein levels are regulated both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally. To better understand the function of XIAP in normal cells, we generated mice deficient in XIAP through homologous gene targeting. The resulting mice were viable, and histopathological analysis did not reveal any differences between XIAP-deficient and wild-type mice. We were unable to detect any defects in induction of caspase-dependent or -independent apoptosis in cells from the gene-targeted mice. One change was observed in cells derived from XIAP-deficient mice: the levels of c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 protein were increased. This suggests that there exists a compensatory mechanism that leads to upregulation of other family members when XIAP expression is lost. The changes in c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 expression may provide functional compensation for loss of XIAP during development or in the induction of apoptosis.
Development of CCDs for REXIS on OSIRIS-REx (2014)

The Regolith x-ray Imaging Spectrometer (REXIS) is a coded-aperture soft x-ray imaging instrument on the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft to be launched in 2016. The spacecraft will fly to and orbit the near-Earth asteroid Bennu, while REXIS maps the elemental distribution on the asteroid using x-ray fluorescence. The detector consists of a 2×2 array of backilluminated 1k×1k frame transfer CCDs with a flight heritage to Suzaku and Chandra. The back surface has a thin p<sup>+</sup>-doped layer deposited by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) for maximum quantum efficiency and energy resolution at low x-ray energies. The CCDs also feature an integrated optical-blocking filter (OBF) to suppress visible and near-infrared light. The OBF is an aluminum film deposited directly on the CCD back surface and is mechanically more robust and less absorptive of x-rays than the conventional free-standing aluminum-coated polymer films. The CCDs have charge transfer inefficiencies of less than 10<sup>-6</sup>, and dark current of 1e-/pixel/second at the REXIS operating temperature of –60 °C. The resulting spectral resolution is 115 eV at 2 KeV. The extinction ratio of the filter is ~10<sup>12</sup> at 625 nm.
Abnormal Ventral Temporal Cortical Activity During Face Discrimination Among Individuals With Autism and Asperger Syndrome (2000)

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders demonstrate a pattern of brain activity during face discrimination that is consistent with feature-based strategies that are more typical of nonface object perception.
Ultra-low voltage MEMS switch using a folded hinge structure (2014)

Abstract An ultra-low voltage microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switch for low-power integrated circuit (IC) applications is proposed, fabricated and demonstrated. The folded hinge structure allows a large beam structure to be suspended with a designed air gap, effectively suppressing unwanted deflection. The actuation voltage of the switch was measured to be 1.7 V, the lowest among electrostatic switches. There was no variation in the actuation voltage until 10 6 cyclic actuations, showing the stability of a low actuation voltage in electrostatic actuation for the first time. The contact resistance was around 12 Ω, caused by a low contact force below 1 μN despite an Au–Au contact.
ATROPHIC CIRRHOSIS IN CHILDREN (1933)

The term atrophic cirrhosis, as used in recent literature, is synonymous with portal, Laënnec's, nodular, granular and alcoholic cirrhosis. The term refers to this form of hepatic disease. It does not imply decreased size of the liver. In about 40 per cent of cases of this type, the weight of the liver is above normal. The liver is regularly enlarged in the earlier stages of this form of cirrhosis, and in children it usually remains above normal size. Confusion arises when authors class these large livers as hypertrophic. Mallory avoids the paradox of classifying large cirrhotic livers as atrophic by using the term alcoholic cirrhosis. He states emphatically that alcohol is not the cause of such cirrhosis. Thus, in avoiding one source of confusion another confusing term is perpetrated. All this confusion of terms might be avoided by the use of another of the synonyms for the atrophic type of
<i>In vivo</i> human tendon mechanical properties (1999)

1. The aim of the present study was to measure the mechanical properties of human tibialis anterior (TA) tendon in vivo. 2. Measurements were taken in five males at the neutral ankle position and involved: (a) isometric dynamometry upon increasing the voltage of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the TA muscle, (b) real-time ultrasonography for measurements of the TA tendon origin displacement during contraction and tendon cross-sectional area, and (c) magnetic resonance imaging for estimation of the TA tendon length and moment arm. 3. From the measured joint moments and estimated moment arms, the values of tendon force were calculated and divided by cross-sectional area to obtain stress values. The displacements of the TA tendon origin from rest to all contraction intensities were normalized to tendon length to obtain strain values. From the data obtained, the tendon force-displacement and stress-strain relationships were determined and the tendon stiffness and Young's modulus were calculated. 4. Tendon force and stress increased curvilinearly as a function of displacement and strain, respectively. The tendon force and displacement at maximum isometric load were 530 N and 4.1 mm, and the corresponding stress and strain values were 25 MPa and 2.5 %, respectively. The tendon stiffness and Young's modulus at maximum isometric load were 161 N mm-1 and 1.2 GPa, respectively. These results are in agreement with previous reports on in vitro testing of isolated tendons and suggest that under physiological loading the TA tendon operates within the elastic 'toe' region.
Bactericidal Action of A Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectant, Didecyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride, against Staphylococcus aureus. (1994)

The study was conducted using a quaternary ammonium disinfectant, didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), whose minimum lethal concentration (MLC) against Staphylococcus aureus was 32 μg/ml. No remaining viable cells were detected even after a short 20 s treatment with DDAC at the MLC. Treatment with DDAC caused to form blebs on the cell surface, and K+, 260 nm absorbing materials and phospholipid leaked out from the cells. The experiment using 14C-labeled DDAC showed that the disinfectant was taken up in a biphasic curve to the cell regardless of the treatment temperature or time. The radioactivity was distributed significantly in the membrane fraction and the cytoplasm fraction. Tetramethyl ammonium chloride showed no biocidal activity and had no effect on the activity or uptake of DDAC. From these results, it was deduced that DDAC, at bactericidal levels, is adsorbed physicochemically, by hydrophobic interaction, onto the cell membrane, where it can react with lipid to cause significant damage to the structure and function of the membrane, leading to death.
The Rastered Eye; Vision In Television (1985)

Limiting resolution criteria for detection, orientation, recognition and identification of objects in the visual scene or display have been developed using static high contrast targets. Misconception or misapplication of these criteria to television systems has led to underspecification or underdesign of visual display systems by a factor of 3 to 4 times. Limiting resolution criteria for rastered visual display systems are presented, together with other visual parameter effects. These criteria are used to develop "standard" sets of parameters for the specification of raster visual display systems.
Adaptive Kalman filtering based navigation: An IMU/GPS integration approach (2011)

This paper investigates on the development and implementation of a high integrity navigation system based on the combined use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for land vehicle applications. The complementary properties of the GPS and the INS have motivated several works dealing with their fusion by using a Kalman Filter. The conventional kalman filter has a fix error covariance matrix in all times of processing. Multi-sensor based navigation system that is implemented in this paper is called data synchronization. Also, multi-rate operations that are compared with conventional Kalman filtering has fix error covariance matrix. Therefore, when GPS outage occurred we have improper treat by kalman filter. In this paper we present an Adaptive method instead of conventional methods. It is shown that proposed method has a better performance rather than conventional method. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the GPS/INS integrated system.
The superconducting critical field and fluctuation conductivity in quench-condensed Ti<sub>1-x</sub>V<sub>x</sub>thin films (1987)

Measurement and analysis of the critical field and superconducting fluctuation conductivity of quench-condensed (amorphous) Ti-V alloy systems are reported. The critical field curves agree very well with WHHM theory fitted with the parameters alpha , lambda SO. Values of the density of states obtained from the Pauli paramagnetic parameter show that it increases as Ti composition increases. The spin-orbit scattering time obtained from lambda SO is also discussed. In zero field, including the Maki Thompson contribution, the superconducting fluctuation is shown to be essential for obtaining agreement between theory and experiment. Knowledge of the inelastic scattering time is obtained through pair-breaking parameters. The theoretical prediction that the Maki-Thompson term is relatively more important in a magnetic field agrees with measurement.