gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On optimal rule discovery (2006)

In machine learning and data mining, heuristic and association rules are two dominant schemes for rule discovery. Heuristic rule discovery usually produces a small set of accurate rules, but fails to find many globally optimal rules. Association rule discovery generates all rules satisfying some constraints, but yields too many rules and is infeasible when the minimum support is small. Here, we present a unified framework for the discovery of a family of optimal rule sets and characterize the relationships with other rule-discovery schemes such as nonredundant association rule discovery. We theoretically and empirically show that optimal rule discovery is significantly more efficient than association rule discovery independent of data structure and implementation. Optimal rule discovery is an efficient alternative to association rule discovery, especially when the minimum support is low.
Linkage of proliferative and maturational abnormalities in chronic myelogenous leukemia and relevance to treatment. (1993)

Despite recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and biological abnormalities in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) this new knowledge has not yet led to significant improvements in treatment. We have reviewed what is known and still unknown about the molecular and biological abnormalities in CML that may be relevant to developing improved, more selective treatment. CML originates in a multipotential stem cell due to its acquiring a highly consistent specific chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22; this results in a fused bcr/abl gene and an abnormal 210 kDa fusion protein which has increased intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity compared to the normal c-abl protein. It is still unknown how p210bcr-abl alters the signal transduction pathways, but the main biological abnormality is discordant or asynchronous maturation, with the cytoplasm generally maturing more rapidly than the nucleus. The major expansion of the CML population takes place in the intermediate and later maturation compartments rather than in the stem cell or early progenitor cell compartments. The expansion occurs slowly, probably taking several years to reach a trillion or more cells, at which time clinical symptoms begin to develop. The maturing leukemic progenitors do not have an increased proliferative rate, but they undergo one or more additional divisions and also live longer than comparable normal progenitors. The earliest CML blast cell population we have been able to study has reduced ultimate proliferative capacity compared to a comparable primitive normal blast cell population. Although no quantitative stem cell assay is available, indirect evidence suggests that the CML stem cells' biological behavior may be relatively unaffected or deviate only slightly from normal. The bcr/abl gene and its fusion protein are promising targets for development of novel specific therapies, but before this can be accomplished it will be necessary to understand more completely the molecular and biochemical abnormalities and to correlate them with the biological manifestations of the disease.
DiaGen: a generator for diagram editors providing direct manipulation and execution of diagrams (2002)

Diagrams (e.g., flowcharts, trees for hierarchical structures, or graphs for finite state machines) are often needed as part of visual language systems and advanced user interfaces, and are frequently application specific. The implementation of editors for diagrams should be supported by a tool and based on a formal model. This paper gives an overview of DiaGen, a generator for diagram editors. An editor for a certain kind of diagram is generated from a specification, which includes a hypergraph grammar to describe the structure of diagrams. The user of a diagram editor does not have to be concerned with the grammar, but can manipulate diagrams very conveniently by direct manipulation. As an additional and important feature in the context of visual languages, editors generated by DiaGen cannot only be used for editing, but also for executing, i.e., animating diagrams.
Coördination Compounds of Uranyl Nitrate (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoördination Compounds of Uranyl NitrateGeorge W. Watt and Albert R. MachelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 6, 2801Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01162a539https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01162a539research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Circulating Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Patients with Lung Cancer. (1997)

Recently, abnormal expression of a great variety of adhesion molecules has been reported in malignancy. Of these adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has been suggested to play an important role in the process of tumor invasion and distant metastasis. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the peripheral blood levels of soluble ICAM-1 and the effect of cytotoxic therapy upon these circulating molecules in a cohort of patients with lung cancer. This study comprised 19 lung cancer patients hospitalized in our institution (males 16 and females 3, mean age 60 years old). Serum concentration of soluble ICAM-1 was measured using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay test kit. These measurements were done before the initiation of any therapy and on day 5 of chemotherapy. Samples taken from healthy volunteers were available for comparison. Soluble ICAM-1 serum concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in the cancer patients as compared to that of the control group. Serum levels of ICAM-1 were more significantly (p < 0.02) elevated in patients with advanced stages of disease. This study suggests the presence of an increased expression of circulating adhesion molecules in lung cancer. The concentration of this adhesion molecule was correlated with the clinical stage of the malignant disease, but did not change significantly after multidrug cytotoxic therapy.
Epitaxy, texturing, and second-harmonic generation in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>BiFeO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>thin films (2006)

We have made epitaxial and polycrystalline thin films of multiferroic ${\mathrm{BiFeO}}_{3}$ on different substrates [(001) and (111) ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$, (001) and (111) ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}$, (001) $\mathrm{MgO}$, and (0001) sapphire] by pulsed-laser deposition. We investigated the second harmonic generation (SHG) in these films and find that the SHG was smallest in epitaxially grown films on (001) ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ and largest in epitaxial films grown on (111) ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ and (111) ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}$. We discuss these results in terms of the crystal structure as well as the film microstructure.
β-Alaninium maleate (2001)

In the title compound, C3H8NO2+·C4H3O4−, the β-alanine mol­ecule exists in the cationic form with a positively charged amino group and an uncharged carboxyl­ic acid group. The maleic acid mol­ecule exists in the mono-ionized state. In the semi-maleate ion, the intramolecular hydrogen bond between atoms O3 and O5 is found to be asymmetric. There are no direct hydrogen-bonded interactions between the semimaleate anions. The nature of interactions between individual mol­ecules is different from those observed in l-alaninium maleate.
Correlations of quantitative chromosomal heteromorphisms and classic genetic markers to demogeographic data in Garfagnana valley (Tuscany, Italy). (1997)

The genetic structure and interrelationships of six populations of the Garfagnana valley (Tuscany, Italy) were examined using chromosomal heteromorphisms concurrently with blood group system, red cell isozyme, and serum protein polymorphisms, secretor status, and surname frequency data. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of cytogenetic polymorphisms to more classical sources of gene frequency data in a population with a well-known demographic scenario. The R matrix technique (Harpending and Jenkins 1973) was used to estimate kinship coefficients, and the Harpending-Ward model (1982) and its extensions for quantitative traits (Relethford and Blangero 1990) were used to detect differential systematic pressure among population subdivisions. Mantel statistics were used to assess the significance of the correlations between cytogenetic, genetic, isonymy, geographic, and migration matrices. The analyses consistently gave similar results for the DA/DAPI cytogenetic heteromorphism and most gene frequency data. Both sets of results depend on migration patterns and on geographic distance among population subdivisions. However, C cytogenetic heteromorphism and some separately analyzed genetic markers did not fit the demogeographic pattern. Overall, it appears that data from different levels of the genetic hierarchy (namely, DNA regions encoding for classical biochemical markers and the noncoding highly variable cytogenetic bands of heterochromatin) can be treated and compared using the same analytical tools.
Glyphosate degradation by immobilized bacteria: laboratory studies showing feasibility for glyphosate removal from waste water (1992)

To evaluate immobilized bacteria technology for the removal of low levels of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) from aqueous industrial effluents, microorganisms with glyphosate-degrading activity obtained from a fill and draw enrichment reactor inoculated with activated sludge were first exposed to glyphosate production wastes containing 500-2000 mg glyphosate/L. The microorganisms were then immobilized by adsorption onto a diatomaceous earth biocarrier contained in upflow Plexiglas columns. The columns were aerated, maintained at pH 7.0-8.0, incubated at 25 degrees C, supplemented with NH4NO3 (50 mg/L), and exposed to glyphosate process wastes pumped upflow through the biocarrier. Glyphosate degradation to aminomethylphosphonic acid was initially > 96% for 21 days of operation at flows yielding hydraulic residence times (HRTs) as short as 42 min. Higher flow rate studies showed > 98% removal of 50 mg glyphosate/L from the waste stream could be achieved at a HRT of 23 min. Glyphosate removal of > 99% at a 37-min HRT was achieved under similar conditions with a column inoculated with a pure culture of Pseudomonas sp. strain LBr, a bacterium known to have high glyphosate-degrading activity. After acid shocking (pH 2.8 for 18 h) of a column of immobilized bacteria, glyphosate-degrading activity was regained within 4 days without reinoculation. Although microbial growth and glyphosate degradation were not maintained under low organic nutrient conditions in the laboratory, the low levels of degradable carbon (45-94 mg/L) in the industrial effluent were sufficient to support prolonged glyphosate-degrading activity. The results demonstrated that immobilized bacteria technology is effective in removing low levels of glyphosate in high-volume liquid waste streams.
Interruption of Experimental Rhinovirus Transmission (1980)

Aqueous iodine (2%) applied to the fingers was effective in blocking had transmission of experimental rhinovirus infection. None of eight volunteers became infected when exposed to rhinovirus immediately after treatment of the fingers with iodine. All of seven similarly exposed subjects treated with a placebo preparation became infected (P less than 0.001, Fisher's exact test). One of 10 volunteers became infected when exposed 2 hr after treatment of fingers with iodine, compared with six of 10 who became infected in the control group (P = 0.06, Fisher's exact test). Virus was recovered from three (11%) of 27 hand rinses from volunteers using iodine and from 11 (41%) of 27 hand rinses from volunteers using the placebo preparation (P less than 0.03), Fisher's exact test).
sup-9, sup-10, and unc-93 may encode components of a two-pore K+ channel that coordinates muscle contraction in Caenorhabditis elegans. (2003)

Genetic studies of sup-9, unc-93, and sup-10 strongly suggest that these genes encode components of a multi-subunit protein complex that coordinates muscle contraction in Caenorhabditis elegans. We cloned sup-9 and sup-10 and found that they encode a two-pore K+ channel and a novel transmembrane protein, respectively. We also found that UNC-93 and SUP-10 colocalize with SUP-9 within muscle cells, and that UNC-93 is a member of a novel multigene family that is conserved among C. elegans, Drosophila, and humans. Our results indicate that SUP-9 and perhaps other two-pore K+ channels function as multiprotein complexes, and that UNC-93 and SUP-10 likely define new classes of ion channel regulatory proteins.
Long-Distance Indirect Excitation of Nanoplasmonic Resonances (2011)

In nanoscopic systems, size, geometry, and arrangement are the crucial determinants of the light-matter interaction and resulting nanoparticles excitation. At optical frequencies, one of the most prominent examples is the excitation of localized surface plasmon polaritons, where the electromagnetic radiation is coupled to the confined charge density oscillations. Here, we show that beyond direct near- and far-field excitation, a long-range, indirect mode of particle excitation is available in nanoplasmonic systems. In particular, in amorphous arrays of plasmonic nanodiscs we find strong collective and coherent influence on each particle from its entire active neighborhood. This dependency of the local field response on excitation conditions at distant areas brings exciting possibilities to engineer enhanced electromagnetic fields through controlled, spatially configured illumination.
Effect of a Partial Monolayer of Propping Agent on Fracture Flow Capacity (1960)

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, 1960, Vol. 219, pages 31–37. Paper presented at 34th Annual Fall Meeting of SPE, Oct. 4–7, 1959 in Dallas. Abstract The use of a partial monolayer of propping agent to obtain a high flow capacity for a hydraulically induced fracture is discussed. From the results of laboratory work it was shown that a modified form of the Kozeny-Carman relation could be used to describe the flow in the partial monolayer propped fracture. With equations presented in the paper, the density pattern of the propping agent (number of particles per unit of fracture surface) that results in the maximum flow capacity for the fracture can be determined. The maximum flow capacity obtained with a partial monolayer is often an order of magnitude greater than the flow capacity obtained in greater width fractures containing multilayers of the propping agent. Introduction One of the predominant factors controlling the success of a hydraulic fracturing operation is the propping of the fracture. The trend in hydraulic fracturing recently has been an increase in the ratio of propping agent-to-fluid. The primary purpose of this increased ratio is to sustain a propped fracture of greater width. It was shown in a recent study that for some formations low concentrations Of propping agent would result in "closing" or "healing" of the fracture. In some cases, in an effort to insure sufficient propping agent concentration, the fracturing operation is designed to obtain a pack of the propping agent in the fracture. The placing of a pack of propping agent in the fracture provides a fracture of maximum width; however, the width alone does not control the flow capacity of the fracture. The flow capacity is dependent on the permeability of the fracture, as well as the fracture width. Thus, increasing the permeability to obtain larger flow capacities is as important as obtaining a greater width fracture.
Low Cost Multimodal Biometric identification System Based on Hand Geometry, Palm and Finger Print Texture (2007)

This paper presents a multimodal biometric identification system based on the combination of geometrical, palm and finger print features of the human hand. The right hand images are acquired by a commercial scanner with a 150 dpi resolution. The geometrical features are obtained from the binarized images and consist on 15 measures. A support vector machines is used as verifier. The palm print and finger texture are obtained by means of different 20 Gabor phase encoding schemes. A robust coordinate system is defined to assure the image alignment. A Hamming distance and threshold are used for verifying the identity. A feature, score and decision level fusion results have shown the improvement of the combined scheme.
Extending an OMA-based DRM Framework with Non-Repudiation Services (2006)

Digital rights management (DRM) is an umbrella term for any of several arrangements, which allows a vendor of content in electronic form to control the material and restrict its usage in various ways that can be specified by the vendor. These arrangements are provided through security techniques, mainly encryption, and the distribution, in a detached manner, of content and rights. This allows free access to the content by the consumers, but only those carrying the proper right object (RO) will be able to process such content. As a security service considered in different layers of the security framework defined by ITU X.805, almost all applications need to consider non-repudiation in the very beginning of their design. Unfortunately this has not been done so far in DRM specifications due to practical issues and the type of content distributed. We analyze this service for the a DRM framework and provide a solution which allows the right objects acquisition to be undeniable.
Prevalence and correlates of obesity in insulin dependent diabetic patients. (1995)

The prevalence of obesity, according to sex and pubertal stage, and the correlations between obesity and metabolic data were investigated in 286 diabetic patients (164 boys, 122 girls) with mean (SD) age 15.3 (3.2) years and mean (SD) duration of diabetes 7.5 (4.1) years. Prevalence of obesity according to the body mass index (BMI) criteria was 6.3%. Girls were more often obese than boys but the prevalence approached statistical significance only for the BMI criteria, at 9.8% v 3.7% (chi 2 = 3.5; p = 0.06); obesity was independent of pubertal stage. Distribution of BMI values of diabetic girls was skewed towards the high centiles of the INSERM tables: < 25th centile, 8.6%; 25th-50th centile, 17.3%; 50th-75th centile, 25.9%; > 75th centile, 48.2% (chi 2 = 19.17, p < 0.0005). BMI values of diabetic boys were homogeneously distributed. Age, duration of diabetes, insulin requirement, daily number of insulin injections, and metabolic control (HbA1c) were comparable in obese and non-obese diabetic patients. Moreover metabolic control and insulin requirements were comparable between diabetic patients with BMI above and below the 50th centile of the INSERM tables after matching for sex. In conclusion the prevalence of obesity in diabetic children and adolescents is quite similar to the prevalence reported in their non-diabetic peers. Obesity and BMI excess correlate with female gender but are independent of insulin requirement and metabolic control.
An AC magnetic field remote sensor using a ferrofluid material: application to the measurement of off-centring sleeves of HV transmission lines (1992)

The authors describe a remote and contactless AC magnetic field sensor using ferrofluid material. A practical application to the detection and measurement of the joints defects of HV cables is shown.
Laser processing of polycrystalline diamond, tungsten carbide, and a related composite material (2006)

There are numerous industrial uses of superhard materials such as polycrystalline diamond, natural diamond, and tungsten carbide. These include tooling for mechanical processing as well as robust substrates for microelectronics in extreme environment applications. Processing these materials has presented a perennial problem for engineers. In this article cutting and milling of these materials is investigated using high average power nanosecond pulsed diode pumped solid-state lasers. The results are investigated with regard to developing models for nanosecond pulse laser milling. It is found that it is possible to process these materials at superior rates to conventional technologies, achieving comparable quality without the issues of tool wear and lubrication to contend with. It is also determined that this technology can both cut and mill these materials in concurrent processing—offering new flexibility for manufacturing design.
Molecular Mechanisms of Memory and the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease (1994)

Research on molecular and biophysical mechanisms of associative learning and memory storage identified a number of key elements that are phylogenetically conserved. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, K+ channels, PKC, Cp20, and intracellular Ca2+ regulation play a fundamental role in memory mechanisms. Because memory loss is the hallmark and perhaps the earliest sign of Alzheimer's disease, we hypothesized that these normal memory mechanisms might be altered in AD. With the use of a variety of experimental methodologies, our results revealed that one of the critical elements in memory storage, K+ channels, are dysfunctional in AD fibroblasts. Moreover, beta-amyloid induced the same K+ dysfunction in normal cells. Intracellular Ca2+ release, also associated with molecular memory mechanisms, was found altered in fibroblasts from patients with AD. The results therefore strongly suggest that biophysical and molecular mechanisms of associative learning could be altered in AD and that they may contribute to the memory loss observed early in the disease.
HTR2A: Association and expression studies in neuropsychiatric genetics (2005)

Over the last decade the gene encoding 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A (HTR2A) has been implicated as a functional candidate in many neuropsychiatric phenotypes including: schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), affective disorders, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, suicide and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different studies have tested for genetic association (case-control and family-based studies), protein expression (receptor binding assays), transcriptional expression (mRNA assays) and allelic expression. In this review we examine and summarize these findings in various neuropsychiatric phenotypes.