gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing cache miss ratio for routing prefix cache (2003)

Because of rapid increase in link capacity, an Internet router has to complete routing lookup function in a much shorter amount of time in order to keep up with the line rate. Many fast routing lookup algorithms have been proposed in the past. Because most of them require some memory accesses, their lookup speed is limited by memory access speed. IP address caching has been used to improve upon existing routing lookup algorithms by storing the most recently referenced IP address. Most recently, routing prefix caching has been proposed to increase caching effectiveness. In this paper, we evaluate techniques to further reduce cache miss ratio, thereby, increase caching effectiveness for a routing prefix cache. We first study the effect of routing. table compaction, which reduces the routing table size. Then we propose and evaluate a new cache replacement policy that outperforms both least recently used and least frequently used replacement policy. The experiment result shows that up to 39% percent reduction in cache miss ratio could be achieved. It further proves that routing prefix cache has the potential to greatly outperform IP address cache.
Coating of β-Tricalcium Phosphate on Yttria-Partially Stabilized Zirconia Using Magnesium Metaphosphate as an Interlayer (1991)

Yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (Y-PSZ) coated with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was studied for developing high-strength biomaterial. Y-PSZ substrate was first coated with a slurry of magnesium metaphosphate used as an interlayer and heated at 1120° to 1240°C. Then the product was coated with a slurry of β-TCP and heated at 1100° to 1220°C. The obtained coatings bonded well to the substrate. The β-TCP phase was retained in the coating layer of all samples. A tetragonal-to-monoclinic destabilization of the Y-PSZ was observed in the reaction layer.
Ultrastructural study on the process of astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow under stress condition (2000)

The process of accumulation of astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow under stress condition was studied by transmission electron microscopy. After three days of high lightexposure and nitrogen starvation, the pigment globules began to deposit quickly in the perinuclear cytoplasm of motile cell. After five days, the cytoplasm of motile cells was practically full of astaxanthin deposits. The most of motile cells loosed motile ability and transformed to akinetes with thick wall after seven days. Initially, the pigment deposits were spheroidal and small in sige. Afterward, the pigment globule guickly increased in number and dimension, and changed to irregular shapes by fusing each other. When motile cells transform to akinetes, the osmiophil character and location of the pigment deposits maintain identical. During astaxanthin accumulation, the starch grains also increased, which localiged in the parietal chloroplast, but the structure of chloroplasts remained intact through this process. It is indicated that environmental or nutritional stresses would induce the accumulation of astaxanthin, and the deposit would be extraplastidal localigation. It is also indicated that the vegetative cells would accumulate astaxanthin guickly.
The 5' stem-loop regulates expression of collagen alpha1(I) mRNA in mouse fibroblasts cultured in a three-dimensional matrix (2000)

The stability of collagen alpha1(I) mRNA is regulated by its 5' stem-loop, which binds a cytoplasmic protein in a cap-dependent manner, and its 3'-untranslated region (UTR), which binds alphaCP. When cultured in a three-dimensional gel composed of type I collagen, mouse fibroblasts had decreased collagen alpha1(I) mRNA steady-state levels, which resulted from a decreased mRNA half-life. In cells cultured in gel, hybrid mouse-human collagen alpha1(I) mRNA with a wild-type 5' stem-loop decayed faster than the same mRNA with a mutated stem-loop. When the 5' stem-loop was placed in a heterologous mRNA, the mRNA accumulated to a lower level in cells grown in gel than in cells grown on plastic. This suggests that the 5' stem-loop down-regulates collagen alpha1(I) mRNA. Protein binding to the 5' stem-loop was reduced in cells grown in gel, which was associated with destabilization of the collagen alpha1(I) mRNA. In addition to the binding of a cytoplasmic protein, there was also a nuclear binding activity directed to the collagen alpha1(I) 5' stem-loop. The nuclear binding was increased in cells grown in gel, suggesting that it may negatively regulate expression of collagen alpha1(I) mRNA. Binding of alphaCP, a protein involved in stabilization of collagen alpha1(I) mRNA, was unchanged by the culture conditions.
Four-phase micropipeline latch control circuits (1996)

Standard micropipelines use simple two-phase control circuits. The latches employed on AMULET1 are level sensitive, so two- to four-phase converters are required in each latch controller. To avoid this overhead an investigation has been carried out into four-phase micropipeline control circuits; this has thrown up several design issues relating to cost, performance and safety, and forms a useful illustration of asynchronous design techniques.
Whether You Choose Modern or Traditional It's Your Dream Home (1949)

You may wait half a life-time before you build that dream house of yours, but even if the chances are slight that you will ever get it, don't stop dreaming. An active imagination may inspire you to improve the only house you can afford-or make it do until your dream comes true.
Depth estimation from monocular vision using image edge complexity (2011)

Autonomous robotic arm motion requires the use of a control system in order to prevent collisions with the targeted object. Generally, in translational motion, as the camera approaches an object, the degree of complexity of the edges of the object image will change. This principle can be used to estimate the distance to a targeted object. This work introduces a novel statistical method, named Moment of Zoomed-Algorithm Kurtosis (MoZAK), which is based on the I-kaz method, as an indicator for motion system control. The MoZAK parameter, ℒ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> which represents the degree of complexity of image edges, is used to indicate if further actuation of the motor, or otherwise, is required. The method is compared to conventional statistical methods (standard deviation and kurtosis). Results indicate that the MoZAK method presents a viable distance estimator compared to conventional statistical methods.
Escherichia coli DNA helicase I catalyzes a sequence-specific cleavage/ligation reaction at the F plasmid origin of transfer (1994)

Recent studies have shown that the Escherichia coli F plasmid-encoded traI gene product (TraIp), also known as DNA helicase I, catalyzes the formation of the site- and strand-specific nick that initiates F plasmid DNA transfer. Scission of the phosphodiester bond at the nic site within the origin of transfer (oriT) is accompanied by the covalent attachment of TraIp to the 5'-phosphate of the nicked DNA strand. This mechanism suggests that TraIp may also be capable of catalyzing a DNA ligation reaction using the energy stored in the protein-DNA intermediate. To test this possibility, an in vitro assay was designed that utilized short single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides of different lengths derived from the region within oriT that spanned the nic site. Purified TraIp was capable of efficiently cleaving single-stranded DNA that contained a nic site, and upon cleavage, the protein became covalently linked to the 5'-end of the nic site. When TraIp was incubated with two oligonucleotides of different length that contained the nic site, there was formation of novel recombinant products resulting from a TraIp-catalyzed cleavage/ligation reaction. Furthermore, the cleavage and ligation reactions were both sequence-specific. These data suggest that TraIp plays an important role in the initiation and termination of conjugative DNA transfer.
Isolation of Actinomycetes from Termites' Guts (2003)

Actinomycetes could be isolated efficiently on a defatted wood powder medium from the guts of various species of termites. The actinomycete flora in the termites' guts depended largely on the area in which the termites naturally occur. In termites from the same area, the actinomycete flora changed depending on the taxonomic difference between termite species. Some actinomycetes isolated from termites' guts grew satisfactorily on lignin-related media, and the others grew on cellulose-related media.
Catalytic hydrogenation of aryl phosphines by niobium aryloxide compounds: high yield and efficient synthesis of cyclohexyl phosphine ligands (1992)

J. S. Yu and I. P. Rothwell, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 632 DOI: 10.1039/C39920000632
TWENTY YEARS OF ATTACKS ON THE RSA CRYPTOSYSTEM (1999)

this article. For completeness we note that the current fastest factoring algorithm is the General Number Field Sieve. Its running time on n-bit integers is exp
Leukemia: serial transplantation of human leukemic lymphoblasts in the newborn Syrian hamster. (1967)

Human leukemia cells are being regularly grown intraperitoneally in the intact newborn Syrian hamster as 3 serially transplantable sublines of lymphosarcoma. These sublines, established from suspension cultures of human leukemic lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM cells) by the implantation of large numbers of cells, exhibit similar transplantation and growth characteristics, and are presently in their 11th, 8th, and 6th serial passages, respectively. The intraabdominal lymphosarcomas frequently metastasize to the central nervous system, and in some instances progress to leukemia—a striking recapitulation of the human disease from which the CCRF-CEM cells were originally isolated.

Immunofluorescence evidence clearly indicates the presence of human species-specific antigens in the cells of the serially transplanted lymphosarcomas. The morphology of these cells, as determined by electron micrography, does not differ significantly from that of the CCRF-CEM cells in suspension culture. There is as yet no morphologic evidence for the presence of virus associated with growth of these cells, either in suspension cultures or in newborn hamsters.
Minimizing row displacement dispatch tables (1995)

Row displacement dispatch tables implement message dispatching for dynamically-typed languages with a run time overhead of one memory indirection plus an equality test. The technique is similar to virtual function table lookup, which is, however, restricted to statically typed languages like C++. We show how to reduce the space requirements of dispatch tables to approximately the same size as virtual function tables. The scheme is then generalized for multiple inheritance. Experiments on a number of class libraries from five different languages demonstrate that the technique is effective for a broad range of programs. Finally, we discuss optimizations of the row displacement algorithm that allow dispatch table construction of these large samples to take place in a few seconds.
Biological effects and health implications in magnetic resonance imaging (2000)

In this work, the safety aspects of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) systems are reviewed. Focus is placed on the interaction between the electric and magnetic fields generated by such instruments and the human body. An understanding of these interactions has become ever more important with the push to higher field strengths. Knowledge of MRI safety can not only guide RF coil and pulse sequence design but can also affect sequence selections, thereby ensuring safe and efficient system operation. Due to the signal to noise advantages of high field MRI systems, increases in the static magnetic field are inevitable. However, in addition to the static magnetic field, power intense sequences, fast gradient switching, and localized imaging/spectroscopy all have the potential of subjecting the human body to intense magnetic and electric field fluctuations. This further accentuates the need for a detailed understanding of the effects of exposure to these fields. In this work, some of the issues addressed are new, while others are well established. In either case, it is hoped that this compilation will enable all of us to pay greater attention to these matters and increase the current state of understanding through novel experimental studies. The discussion broadens the range of radio frequency effects to the microwave limit. This was accomplished in view of the latest efforts for realization of ultra high field (UHF) human MRI. In this regard, recently constructed ultra high field whole body systems will provide a new testing ground for safety issues. The proliferation of high field (1.0–3.0 tesla), very high field (3.0–7.0 tesla), and ultra high field (≥7 tesla) whole body MRI's calls for a review of the safety literature that can guide future studies of critical health related issues. An effort has been made to present an up to date analysis of the biological effects within MR, covering a wide range of properties from cellular and physiological to clinical. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 12: 321–359, 2000
Inhibition of ongoing allergic reactions using a novel anti-IgE DARPin-Fc fusion protein (2011)

This novel anti-IgE DARPin-Fc fusion protein might represent a potential drug candidate for preventive or immediate treatment of allergic reactions.
Roles of Aggrecan, a Large Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan, in Cartilage Structure and Function (1998)

Aggrecan, a large aggregating proteoglycan, is one of the major structural components of cartilage. Its core protein contains three glubular domains and two glycosaminoglycan-attachment domains. These domains play various roles to maintain cartilage structure and function. An N-terminal globular domain binds hyaluronan and link protein to form huge aggregates. The chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains attach to the CS domain and provide a hydrated, viscous gel that absorbs compressive load. Two autosomal recessive chondrodysplasias, cartilage matrix deficiency (cmd) in mice and nanomelia in chicken are both caused by aggrecan gene mutations. Cmd homozygotes die shortly after birth, while the heterozygotes are born normal. However, cmd heterozygotes develop late onset of spinal disorder, which suggests aggrecan as a candidate gene predisposing individuals to spinal problems. Nanomelia is a useful model to elucidate intracellular trafficking of proteoglycans. Further studies on aggrecan will lead to prophylaxis and treatment of joint destructive diseases such as osteoarthrosis and to elucidation of cartilage development, which is essential for skeletal formation.
Effect of Molybdenum Content on the Combined Effect of Boron and Molybdenum on Hardenability of Low-Carbon Boron-Added Steels (2018)

Addition of Mo to boron-alloyed steel improves the hardenability by suppressing the precipitation of Fe23(C, B)6; this is known as the combined Mo-B effect. However, the maximum Mo content for the combined effect to occur is still unclear because previous studies on this effect mainly investigated steels with a Mo content of less than 0.80%. Therefore, in this study, 0.15% C steels containing more than 0.80% Mo were investigated to determine the maximum content required for the occurrence of the combined Mo-B effect. The combined effect increased with increasing Mo content up to 0.75%, after which it decreased. The optimum B content decreased from 12 to 11 ppm with increasing Mo content from 1.0% to 1.5%. In 1.0%Mo-20 ppm B steel and 1.5%Mo-20 ppm B steel, Mo2FeB2 precipitated instead of Fe23(C, B)6. Thermodynamic calculations revealed that the temperature at which Mo2FeB2 precipitation started increased with increasing Mo content in 20 ppm B steel. Moreover, Mo2FeB2 could precipitate even at a reheating temperature of 950°C. Thus, it is suggested that the maximum Mo content for the combined Mo–B effect on hardenability is determined by the precipitation of Mo2FeB2 mainly during reheating.
Invisible Sensing of Vehicle Steering with Smartphones (2015)

Detecting how a vehicle is steered and then alarming drivers in real time is of utmost importance to the vehicle and the driver's safety, since fatal accidents are often caused by dan- gerous steering. Existing solutions for detecting dangerous maneuvers are implemented either in only high-end vehicles or on smartphones as mobile applications. However, most of them rely on the use of cameras, the performance of which is seriously constrained by their high visibility requirement. Moreover, such an over/sole-reliance on the use of cameras can be a distraction to the driver.
Consequences of postnatally elevated insulin-like growth factor-II in transgenic mice: endocrine changes and effects on body and organ growth. (1994)

Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is an important regulator of embryonic growth and differentiation, but its function in postnatal life is unclear. To address this point, we generated transgenic mice harboring fusion genes in which a human IGF-II complementary DNA is placed under the transcriptional control of the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter. Transgene-specific messenger RNA was detected in liver, kidney, and several parts of the gut. Serum IGF-II levels in transgenic mice were 2-3 times higher than those in controls and increased after starvation. Circulating IGF-I correlated negatively and IGF-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) positively with IGF-II levels, suggesting that IGF-I is displaced from IGFBPs by IGF-II and that IGF-II is a major regulator of IGFBP-2. Serum levels of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 tended to be higher in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-IGF-II transgenic mice than in controls, as evaluated by ligand blot analysis. Starvation reduced serum IGF-I, but increased IGFBP-2 in transgenic mice more markedly than in controls. Fasting insulin levels were significantly reduced in transgenic mice, whereas glucose levels were not influenced by elevated IGF-II. The body growth of 4- and 12-week-old mice was not significantly influenced by elevated IGF-II, but transgenic mice displayed increased kidney and testis weight at the age of 4 weeks, and increased adrenal weight at the age of 12 weeks. Our results demonstrate that elevated IGF-II in postnatal life has multiple endocrine consequences and subtle time-specific effects on organ growth.
Demonstration of versatile whispering-gallery micro-lasers for remote refractive index sensing (2018)

We developed chip-scale remote refractive index sensors based on Rhodamine 6G (R6G)-doped polymer micro-ring lasers. The chemical, temperature, and mechanical sturdiness of the fused-silica host guaranteed a flexible deployment of dye-doped polymers for refractive index sensing. The introduction of the dye as gain medium demonstrated the feasibility of remote sensing based on the free-space optics measurement setup. Compared to the R6G-doped TZ-001, the lasing behavior of R6G-doped SU-8 polymer micro-ring laser under an aqueous environment had a narrower spectrum linewidth, producing the minimum detectable refractive index change of 4 × 10<sup>-4</sup> RIU. The maximum bulk refractive index sensitivity (BRIS) of 75 nm/RIU was obtained for SU-8 laser-based refractive index sensors. The economical, rapid, and simple realization of polymeric micro-scale whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) laser-based refractive index sensors will further expand pathways of static and dynamic remote environmental, chemical, biological, and bio-chemical sensing.
Efficient motion retrieval in large motion databases (2013)

There has been a recent paradigm shift in the computer animation industry with an increasing use of pre-recorded motion for animating virtual characters. A fundamental requirement to using motion capture data is an efficient method for indexing and retrieving motions. In this paper, we propose a flexible, efficient method for searching arbitrarily complex motions in large motion databases. Motions are encoded using keys which represent a wide array of structural, geometric and, dynamic features of human motion. Keys provide a representative search space for indexing motions and users can specify sequences of key values as well as multiple combination of key sequences to search for complex motions. We use a trie-based data structure to provide an efficient mapping from key sequences to motions. The search times (even on a single CPU) are very fast, opening the possibility of using large motion data sets in real-time applications.
New Low-Profile Applicators for Local Heating of Tissues (1984)

A new type of low-profile applicator is described giving efficient power transfer to tissue with low leakage. It consists of a resonant element spaced from a ground plane by low-loss material having high relative permittivity and some relative permeability. This combination is covered by similar material which can be placed in direct contact with the tissue to be heated, or separated from it by a water bolus as required. Laboratory measurements using phantom materials show that these applicators are well matched and produce well defined and relatively uniform heating profiles. Applicators having maximum dimensions of 3-15 cm covering the frequency range 1000-100 MHz, respectively, are described. Penetration depths of at least 4 cm at 100-200 MHz are achieved. Tests on anesthetised pigs and some clinical assessment have confirmed the usefulness of this compact low-frequency type of applicator and have shown that performance compares favorably with that of other recently reported types. The design can be optimized for treatment of specific sites, and suitable choice of dimensions and electrical characteristics of the layer material allow the low-profile concept to be extended over a wide range of operating frequencies.
Bacteriophage fd Gene-2 Protein. Processing of Phage fd Viral Straands Replicated by Phage T7 Enzymes (1981)

Bacteriophage T7 gene 4 protein and DNA polymerase of the phage were used to study the viral strand synthesis of bacteriophage fd in vitro. Cleavage of supercoiled phage fd replicative form (RF) by fd gene 2 protein produced a nick at a specific site in the viral strand. The cleaved double-stranded DNA was unwound by T7 gene 4 protein and T7 DNA polymerase and the 3' end of the nicked strand simultaneously extended according to the rolling circle mechanism. After a complete round of DNA synthesis fd gene 2 protein cleaved the viral strand presumably at the same site, where the endonuclease cuts fd RF I, and subsequently sealed the single-stranded linear DNA into a circle. The reaction products were analyzed by velocity sedimentation, gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. Most of the single-stranded DNA synthesized was circular. No host proteins were required for the formation of the single-stranded circles. Strand switching of the T7 DNA polymerase indicated by double-stranded tails of the rolling circle structures reduced the yield of viral single-stranded circles in this enzyme system.