gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silver Coated Porous Alumina as a New Substrate for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2001)

Porous alumina filters were coated by vacuum deposition with silver metal and used as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). These were studied by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The substrates exhibit reproducible Raman enhancement for different molecules tested in this study. The mass thickness of the silver was optimized for maximal SERS signal using bipyridine as a model compound. Plasma treatment of the substrates prior to SERS measurements was identified as a crucial factor for a low background and high signal-to-noise Raman spectra. The effect of different plasma treatment conditions on the SERS signal as well as on UV-Vis absorption spectra of the substrates was investigated. After the silver deposition, the porous alumina retained its filtering abilities and could be used for preconcentrating dilute analytes on the substrate surface for SERS measurements. Corresponding tests were performed using benzotriazole and bipyridine solutions. These substrates demonstrate a potential for large-scale applications in different analytical measurements.
Lithium-free processing of silk fibroin (2016)

Silk fibroin protein was purified from Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons using a novel dialysis strategy to avoid fibroin aggregation and pre-mature formation of β-sheets. The degummed silk fibers were dissolved in Ajisawa's reagent, a mixture of CaCl2-EtOH-H2O, that is less expensive than lithium bromide. The dissolved solutions were dialyzed against either water or urea solution with a stepwise decrease in concentration. When the steps of 4 M-2 M-1 M-0 M urea (referred to as silk-TS-4210) were adopted, the purified silk fibroin had smaller aggregates (<10 nm), similar average molecular weight (225 kDa) and a lower content of β-sheet (∼15%) compared to the sample processing methods (silk-TS-210, 10, 0) studied here. This outcome was close to the fibroin purified by the lithium bromide (silk-Li-0) method. Polyvinyl alcohol-emulsified silk microspheres generated using the purified solution had a similar size distribution and morphology when compared to lithium bromide dissolved solutions, while glycerol-blended silk films showed different mechanical properties. The silk-Li-0 generated films with the highest breaking strength (5.7 MPa ± 0.3) while the silk-TS-4210 had the highest extension at break (215.1% ± 12.5). The films prepared from silk-TS-4210 were cytocompatible to support the adhesion and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells, with improvements compared to the other samples likely due to the porous morphology of these films.
The Kernel Adaptive Autoregressive-Moving-Average Algorithm (2015)

In this paper, we present a novel kernel adaptive recurrent filtering algorithm based on the autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) model, which is trained with recurrent stochastic gradient descent in the reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. This kernelized recurrent system, the kernel adaptive ARMA (KAARMA) algorithm, brings together the theories of adaptive signal processing and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), extending the current theory of kernel adaptive filtering (KAF) using the representer theorem to include feedback. Compared with classical feedforward KAF methods, the KAARMA algorithm provides general nonlinear solutions for complex dynamical systems in a state-space representation, with a deferred teacher signal, by propagating forward the hidden states. We demonstrate its capabilities to provide exact solutions with compact structures by solving a set of benchmark nondeterministic polynomial-complete problems involving grammatical inference. Simulation results show that the KAARMA algorithm outperforms equivalent input-space recurrent architectures using first- and second-order RNNs, demonstrating its potential as an effective learning solution for the identification and synthesis of deterministic finite automata.
A QUICK PRESSURE DRESSING FOR LARGE BURNED AREAS (1950)

* From the “Municipal Postgraduate School of Surgery”. Department of Plastic Surgery. Rawson Hospital. Buenos Aires. Argentina.
Evenhandedness In Arbitration: The Case of Major League Baseball (1989)

The focus of this study is how labor and management judge the degree of evenhandedness of arbitrators in major league baseball final-offer arbitration. The empirical work suggests that if a naive "win-loss" tallies approach is used, arbitrators in baseball may be deemed fair. However, if a richer model is employed whereby players and owners judge arbitration outcomes relative to some notion of the player's worth, a significant portion of arbitrators may be judged biased in their decisions.
Investigation of potential carbohydrate antigen targets for human and baboon antibodies (2010)

We were unable to identify definitively any saccharides from the selected panel that may be targets for primate anti-non-alpha Gal antibodies. The high level of anti-Forssman antibodies in humans, baboons, and pigs, and the absence of Forssman expression on pig tissues, suggest that the Forssman antigen does not play a role in the primate immune response to pigs.
Enhancement of cathodoluminescent and photoluminescent properties of Eu:Y2O3 luminescent films by vacuum cooling (2000)

This letter investigates the role of postdeposition oxygen treatments upon their luminescent properties by synthesizing Eu:Y2O3 films by pulsed laser deposition under different conditions and subjecting them to various postdeposition oxygen treatments. Our results have shown that Eu:Y2O3 films grown in 300 mTorr oxygen ambient and cooled in vacuum (10−6 Torr) after the termination of growth exhibit better photoluminescent and cathodoluminescent brightness than those grown in (i) vacuum and cooled in vacuum and (ii) 300 mTorr oxygen and cooled in 2 Torr oxygen. Two possible mechanisms have been proposed to explain these results.
BASS STRAIT WATER HANDLING DEVELOPMENTS (1985)

Esso Australia Ltd operates, on behalf of Esso/BHP, a crude oil and natural gas producing and processing facility in the Gippsland Basin, Victoria. Saline formation water produced with the oil is treated and discharged overboard from offshore platforms wherever possible to limit the volume of saline water in the pipeline system and avoid onshore disposal of saline water. Esso has developed oily water treatment and continuous oil-in- water monitoring beyond conventional technology and operates within stringent overboard water discharge regulations. Initial oily water treating installations were Cross Flow Interceptors, a corrugated plate gravity separator. Unsatisfactory performance prompted investigations leading to development of the Dissolved Gas Flotation unit using evolved gas to lift oil droplets to the surface. These units operate successfully offshore today. The most recent developments have been associated with a liquid-liquid hydrocyclone trade named 'Vortoil'. This has been tested offshore with an 'Purometer' continuous oil-in-water monitor. The Vortoil and Purometer have both performed favourably and proven a compact, low cost combination for future water treating installations.
Observer-Based Drive-Control for Self-Balanced Vehicles (2006)

This paper presents an innovative unicycle which is powered by a four-quadrant dc-servo drive consisting of a permanent exited dc-motor and a 4q-chopper converter. The control of gravitation, speed and torque is done by an observer-based cascade structure which stabilizes the unicycle automatically and places the driver's position in such a way that the centre of gravity is always above the axle of the wheel. As electric drive systems are able to correct the tilt angle nearly one hundred times a second this electric vehicle on one wheel can stand absolutely alone just like ghostly balanced
Index based symmetric block encryption (2011)

Based on the principle of symmetric key encryption we present a new method of symmetric block encryption using indices called Index-Based Symmetric Block Encryption. Instead of going through a number of tedious rounds while encrypting the data, the data can be encrypted in just two rounds. Also, no two identical data blocks have the same ciphers, i.e. if a single block has been encrypted twice we don't get identical ciphers. There by avoiding linear cryptanalysis and chosen cipher text attack. Encrypting the same document twice doesn't yield the same set of ciphers.
Characterization of caveolin-1 expression on exosomes. (2015)

<p>(A) Western blot analysis of Cav1 in cellular extracts and exosomes from human melanoma cells and macrophages (Φ). (B) Western blot analysis of CD63, Rab-5b and Cav1 in purified exosomes from Me501 cells, plasma of Me501-engrafted SCID mice and tumor-negative SCID mice. (C) FACS analysis of Cav1 expression on exosomes purified from plasma of Me501-engrafted SCID mice. (D) Plasma levels of CD63+ and Cav1+ exosomes from melanoma-bearing SCID mice sacrificed 5 weeks after engraftment.</p>
Influence of Sodium Replacement on Fluid Ingestion Following Exercise-Induced Dehydration (1997)

This study investigated the hypothesis that addition of Na+ to a rehydration beverage would stimulate drinking and augment restoration of body water in individuals dehydrated during 90 min of continuous treadmill exercise in the heat. Following a 3.0 +/- 0.2% decrease in body weight (BW), 6 subjects sat in a thermoneutral environment for 30 min to allow body fluid compartments to stabilize. Over the next 3 hr, subjects rehydrated ad libitum using either flavored/artificially sweetened water (H2O-R) or a flavored, 6% sucrose drink containing either 25 (LNa(+)-R) or 50 (HNa(+)-R) mmol/L NaCl. Results demonstrated that rapid removal of the osmotic stimulus, during H2O-R, and the volume-dependent dipsogenic stimuli, during HNa(+)-R, are important factors in limiting fluid intake during rehydration, compared to LNa(+)-R. It was also found that the pattern of fluid replacement and restoration of fluid balance following dehydration is influenced by the dehydration protocol used to induce the loss in total body water and the sodium content of the rehydration beverage.
Differential expression of multiple cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans during embryonic tooth development. (1994)

Heparan sulfate accumulates on cell surfaces and at cell-matrix interfaces, and functionally modulates several of the effector molecules that support the interactions, growth, and differentiation of developing tissues. Using heparin sulfate-specific monoclonal antibodies MAb, we obtained evidence that extracts from rodent embryos contain multiple forms of cell surface-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan (PG). Taking tooth development in the mouse embryo as a model to further investigate the relevance of this PG redundancy and using MAb against heparan sulfate, antibodies specific for syndecan (syndecan-1) and fibroglycan (syndecan-2) (two distinct members of a larger family of cell-surface heparan sulfate PGs), and specific cDNA probes for these two cell-surface PGs, we obtained in situ evidence for regulated and differential expression of multiple cell-surface heparan sulfate PGs. The unique, distinctive, and coordinated changes in the expressions of these PGs during morphogenesis and differentiation of dental tissues suggest that the various cell-surface PGs are not truly redundant but play important, specific, and potentially complementary roles during embryonic development.
Practice and Procedure in Administration of the Nebraska Oil and Gas Conservation Act (1962)

The Nebraska Oil and Gas Conservation Act was enacted by the legislature and approved by the governor of Nebraska on April 27, 1959. The act became effective September 28, 1959. Rules were adopted by the commission, after public hearing, which became effective October 17, 1959. During the first two years of its administration the commission heard and issued orders upon eighty-five applications and in addition issued numerous administrative orders. A large majority of the cases heard involved applications for approval of unit operations and secondary recovery projects and exceptions from established wellspacing patterns. Observation has demonstrated that a very definite pattern has evolved in relation to matters of practice and procedure in the administration of the act. It is proposed here to examine and discuss matters pertaining to this practice and procedure in the light of controlling legislation, the rules of the commission, judicial authorities, and personal observations made during the course of such administration.
Identification of new genes in a cell envelope-cell division gene cluster of Escherichia coli: cell envelope gene murG (1980)

We report the identification, cloning, and mapping of a new cell envelope gene, murG. This lies in a group of five genes of similar phenotype (in the order murE murF murG murC ddl) all concerned with peptidoglycan biosynthesis. This group is in a larger cluster of at least 10 genes, all of which are involved in some way with cell envelope growth.
The microRNA-30 family targets DLL4 to modulate endothelial cell behavior during angiogenesis (2012)

Delta-like 4 (DLL4), a membrane-bound ligand belonging to the Notch signaling family, plays a fundamental role in vascular development and angiogenesis. We identified a conserved microRNA family, miR-30, which targets DLL4. Overexpression of miR-30b in endothelial cells led to increased vessel number and length in an in vitro model of sprouting angiogenesis. Microinjection of miR-30 mimics into zebrafish embryos resulted in suppression of dll4 and subsequent excessive sprouting of intersegmental vessels and reduction in dorsal aorta diameter. Use of a target protector against the miR-30 site within the dll4 3'UTR up-regulated dll4 and synergized with Vegfa signaling knockdown to inhibit angiogenesis. Furthermore, restoration of miR-30b or miR-30c expression during Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) infection attenuated viral induction of DLL4. Together these results demonstrate that the highly conserved molecular targeting of DLL4 by the miR-30 family regulates angiogenesis.
Monitoring a Chlorine Spill from a Train Derailment (1981)

As a result of a train derailment at Mississauga, Ontario, during November 1979, 90 tons of chlorine, 225 tons of styrene, 67 tons of toluol, 742 tons of propane, 366 tons of caustic soda, and 135 tons of toluene were spilled. Citizens in the immediate vicinity of the derailment were evacuated, and a program to measure the concentrations of chlorine and other compounds in the air was initiated. The operation of two mobile mass spectrometer systems to perform the air monitoring tasks is discussed. Both systems were in nearly constant operation for eight days. (4 graphs, 1 map, 3 references, 1 table)
Towards the development of a spring-based continuum robot for neurosurgery (2015)

Brain tumor is usually life threatening due to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells native to the brain or the spread of tumor cells from outside the central nervous system to the brain. The risks involved in carrying out surgery within such a complex organ can cause severe anxiety in cancer patients. However, neurosurgery, which remains one of the more effective ways of treating brain tumors focused in a confined volume, can have a tremendously increased success rate if the appropriate imaging modality is used for complete tumor removal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent soft-tissue contrast and is the imaging modality of choice for brain tumor imaging. MRI combined with continuum soft robotics has immense potential to be the revolutionary treatment technique in the field of brain cancer. It eliminates the concern of hand tremor and guarantees a more precise procedure. One of the prototypes of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgical Intracranial Robot (MINIR-II), which can be classified as a continuum soft robot, consists of a snake-like body made of three segments of rapid prototyped plastic springs. It provides improved dexterity with higher degrees of freedom and independent joint control. It is MRI-compatible, allowing surgeons to track and determine the real-time location of the robot relative to the brain tumor target. The robot was manufactured in a single piece using rapid prototyping technology at a low cost, allowing it to disposable after each use. MINIR-II has two DOFs at each segment with both joints controlled by two pairs of MRI-compatible SMA spring actuators. Preliminary motion tests have been carried out using vision-tracking method and the robot was able to move to different positions based on user commands.
Active polarization-agile microstrip patch antennas (1995)

There is increasing interest in active microstrip antennas, and in particular, active transmitting antennas comprising patches with integrated sources for use in phased arrays. We describe an active transmitting antenna consisting of a pair of double-layer patches, mounted with their axes at right angles. Each patch is equipped with a transistor source, and varactor diodes fitted to both patches are used to control the relative phase of the orthogonal components of the radiation. Hence, by appropriate selection of the diode bias voltages, linear or circularly polarized radiation is produced. Possible applications for this type of antenna are as elements in larger phase arrays, or individually in short range communication systems where polarization control is required to combat multipath and other propagation effects. >
A general software package for the handling of medical images (1991)

PICS (portable imaging computer software), is a software system designed for handling and processing a variety of types of medical image. It has been designed to satisfy the following criteria: (a) the software should be portable between different items of hardware with minimal alteration; (b) there should be a simple operator interface to enable use by inexperienced users, while avoiding the need for experienced users to be directed through tedious menu trees; (c) the programming environment should enable simple integration of new data handling protocols. To meet these requirements the software was written in FORTRAN using structured subroutine organization. The software has basic image handling and processing facilities and contains a comprehensive set of nuclear medicine clinical protocols. Other facilities include alignment of images from different modalities with display of superimposed images and ability to handle, analyse and display three-dimensional data sets. Data transfer programs have been written to capture data from gamma camera, CT, MRI, ultrasound and radiographs by converting the images to a common data format. The system provides a hospital with a central digital image handling resource, enabling investigation of the value of digital image processing in potential clinical applications.
Estimation and prediction for maneuvering target trajectories (1983)

The Kalman filter is well suited for application to the problem of anti-aircraft gun fire control. In this paper we make use of the Kalman filter theory, to develop an accurate, numerically efficient scheme for estimating and predicting the present and future position of maneuvering fixed-wing aircraft. This scheme was implemented in a radar tracker gun fire control system and tested against a variety of fixed-wing aircraft targets. Actual field test results are presented to demonstrate the high accuracy pointing which can be achieved by this approach.
Challenges and Opportunities in the Clinical Development of STING Agonists for Cancer Immunotherapy (2020)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionised cancer therapy. However, they have been effective in only a small subset of patients and a principal mechanism underlying immune-refractoriness is a 'cold' tumour microenvironment, that is, lack of a T-cell-rich, spontaneously inflamed phenotype. As such, there is a demand to develop strategies to transform the tumour milieu of non-responsive patients to one supporting T-cell-based inflammation. The cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is a fundamental regulator of innate immune sensing of cancer, with potential to enhance tumour rejection through the induction of a pro-inflammatory response dominated by Type I interferons. Recognition of these positive immune-modulatory properties has rapidly elevated the STING pathway as a putative target for immunotherapy, leading to a myriad of preclinical and clinical studies assessing natural and synthetic cyclic dinucleotides and non-nucleotidyl STING agonists. Despite pre-clinical evidence of efficacy, clinical translation has resulted into disappointingly modest efficacy. Poor pharmacokinetic and physiochemical properties of cyclic dinucleotides are key barriers to the development of STING agonists, most of which require intra-tumoral dosing. Development of systemically administered non-nucleotidyl STING agonists, or conjugation with liposomes, polymers and hydrogels may overcome pharmacokinetic limitations and improve drug delivery. In this review, we summarise the body of evidence supporting a synergistic role of STING agonists with currently approved ICI therapies and discuss whether, despite the numerous obstacles encountered to date, the clinical development of STING agonist as novel anti-cancer therapeutics may still hold the promise of broadening the reach of cancer immunotherapy.
Concentration-Dependent Enhancing Effect of Dissolved Silicate on the Oxidative Degradation of Sulfamethazine by Zero-Valent Iron under Aerobic Conditions (2019)

Dissolved silicate, as a ubiquitous inorganic component in natural waters, is reported to depress the reactivity of zero-valent iron (ZVI) for reductive reactions under anoxic conditions, but it is unclear if the same inhibitory effect occurs for a ZVI/O<sub>2</sub> system. In this study, the role of dissolved silicate for the reactivity of micron-sized ZVI (mZVI) was revisited under aerobic conditions, and different observations were found. Silicate had a volcano-type enhancing effect on the performance of the ZVI/O<sub>2</sub> system for sulfamethazine (SMT) degradation. The results showed that, under a circum-neutral or alkaline pH condition (pH 6.0-9.0), the presence of dissolved silicate could significantly enhance the degradation of SMT because silicate coordinated with ferrous ions and further led to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study suggests that silicate can act as both a ligand and corrosion inhibitor in a ZVI/O<sub>2</sub> system: the coordination of silicate and ferrous iron accelerated the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants in an oxic aqueous solution, while the corrosion inhibitory effect of surface-bound silicate at higher concentrations may decrease the reactivity of the ZVI/O<sub>2</sub> system, thereby offsetting the enhancing effect from the silicate-coordinated ferrous iron. This study not only redefines the role of naturally occurring silicate for a ZVI reaction system but also gives clues to develop high-efficiency ZVI/O<sub>2</sub> technologies for water remediation.