gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of AKT2 Enhances Sensitivity to Gemcitabine via Regulating PUMA and NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2012)

Invasion, metastasis and resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents are obstacles to successful treatment of pancreatic cancer, and a better understanding of the molecular basis of this malignancy may lead to improved therapeutics. In the present study, we investigated whether AKT2 silencing sensitized pancreatic cancer L3.6pl, BxPC-3, PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2 cells to gemcitabine via regulating PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. MTT, TUNEL, EMSA and NF-κB reporter assays were used to detect tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis and NF-κB activity. Western blotting was used to detect different protein levels. Xenograft of established tumors was used to evaluate primary tumor growth and apoptosis after treatment with gemcitabine alone or in combination with AKT2 siRNA. Gemcitabine activated AKT2 and NF-κB in MIAPaCa-2 and L3.6pl cells in vitro or in vivo, and in PANC-1 cells only in vivo. Gemcitabine only activated NF-κB in BxPC-3 cells in vitro. The presence of PUMA was necessary for gemcitabine-induced apoptosis only in BxPC-3 cells in vitro. AKT2 inhibition sensitized gemcitabine-induced apoptosis via PUMA upregulation in MIAPaCa-2 cells in vitro, and via NF-κB activity inhibition in L3.6pl cells in vitro. In PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2 cells in vivo, AKT2 inhibition sensitized gemcitabine-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition via both PUMA upregulation and NF-κB inhibition. We suggest that AKT2 inhibition abrogates gemcitabine-induced activation of AKT2 and NF-κB, and promotes gemcitabine-induced PUMA upregulation, resulting in chemosensitization of pancreatic tumors to gemcitabine, which is probably an important strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Involvement of Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase in the Assembly of Trimeric Minicollagen XII (1996)

We have shown previously that hydroxylation played a critical role in the trimer assembly and disulfide bonding of the three constituent alpha chains of a minicollagen composed of the extreme C-terminal collagenous (COL1) and noncollagenous (NC1) domains of type XII collagen in HeLa cells (Mazzorana, M., Gruffat, H., Sergeant, A., and van der Rest, M. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 3029-3032). We have further characterized the involvement of prolyl 4-hydroxylase in the assembly of the three alpha chains to form trimeric disulfide-bonded type XII minicollagen in an insect cell expression system. For this purpose, type XII minicollagen was produced in insect cells from baculovirus vectors, alone or together with wild-type human prolyl 4-hydroxylase or with the human enzyme mutated in the catalytic site of its alpha or beta subunits or with the individual alpha or beta subunits. When type XII minicollagen was produced alone, negligible amounts of disulfide-bonded trimers were found to be produced by the cells. However, coproduction of the collagen with the two subunits of the wild-type human enzyme dramatically increased the amount of disulfide-bonded trimeric type XII minicollagen molecules. In contrast, coproduction of the collagen with alpha subunits that had a mutation completely inactivating the human enzyme failed to enhance the trimer assembly. These results directly show that an active prolyl 4-hydroxylase is required for the assembly of disulfide-bonded trimers of type XII minicollagen.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Neuroprotection (2012)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors have been available for more than 50 years, initially developed as antidepressants but currently used in a variety of psychiatric and neurological conditions. There has been a recent surge of interest in monoamine oxidase inhibitors because of their reported neuroprotective and/or neurorescue properties. Interestingly, it seems that often these properties are independent of their ability to inhibit monoamine oxidase. This review article presents an overview of the neuroprotective/neurorescue properties of these multifaceted drugs and focuses on phenelzine, (-)-deprenyl, rasagiline, ladostigil, tranylcypromine, moclobemide, and clorgyline and their possible neuroprotective mechanisms.
Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the UK: Report of the Working Party on Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2008)

These evidence-based guidelines have been produced after a systematic literature review of a range of issues involving prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Prevention is structured into sections addressing general issues, equipment, patient procedures and the environment, whereas in treatment, the structure addresses the use of antimicrobials in prevention and treatment, adjunctive therapies and the application of clinical protocols. The sections dealing with diagnosis are presented against the clinical, radiological and microbiological diagnosis of HAP. Recommendations are also made upon the role of invasive sampling and quantitative microbiology of respiratory secretions in directing antibiotic therapy in HAP/ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Iterative reconstruction of PET images using a high-overrelaxation single-projection algorithm (1997)

An iterative image reconstruction procedure is described which is able to calculate high-precision images within eight iterative steps. High initial overrelaxation parameters are used which drop down towards about one during continuing iteration. The parameters are determined pragmatically, postulating-maximum gain of image quality during a sequence of iterative steps. Results with simulated and measured data show that parameters derived from one data set may be widely used for other data sets. The acceleration of iterative reconstruction achieved by the estimation of optimum overrelaxation parameters is important for large data sets, especially for fully 3D reconstruction.
On Cross-Spectral Stereo Matching using Dense Gradient Features (2012)

We address the problem of scene depth recovery within cross-spectral stereo imagery (each image sensed over a differing spectral range). We compare several robust matching techniques which are able to capture local similarities between the structure of crossspectral images and a range of stereo optimisation techniques for the computation of valid depth estimates in this case. Specifically we deal with the recovery of dense depth information from thermal (far infrared spectrum) and optical (visible spectrum) image pairs where large differences in the characteristics of image pairs make this task significantly more challenging than the common stereo case. We show that the use of dense gradient features, based on Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG) descriptors, for pixel matching in combination with a strong match optimisation approach can produce largely valid, yet coarse, dense depth estimates suitable for object localisation or environment navigation. The proposed solution is compared and shown to work favourably against prior approaches based on using Mutual Information (MI) or Local Self-Similarity (LSS) descriptors.
The Mechanism of Hydroamination of Allenes, Alkynes, and Alkenes Catalyzed by Cyclopentadienyltitanium-Imido Complexes: A Density Functional Study (2001)

Proton transfer from ammine or amide ligands to vinylamine-type π systems in intermediary titanacycles (see picture) of allene and alkyne hydroamination reactions is predicted by DFT model calculations. The weaker coordination of alkenes to the Ti=N fragment, the lack of a π system in the titanacycle, and thus the necessity of direct Ti−C bond protonation rationalize a higher barrier for alkene hydroamination. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2001/z17699_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Stability of droplet-target laser-plasma soft x-ray sources (2000)

The spatial stability of microscopic target droplets used for laser-plasma soft x-ray generation in vacuum is investigated. A long-term drift in drop position is characterized with an ultrafast laser-diode imaging system. The drift is experimentally and theoretically shown to be due to a temperature-induced increase in target-liquid viscosity as a result of evaporation. Finally, the drift is compensated for and stable, long-term unattended operation of the source is demonstrated with an automatic phase-delay drop-to-laser synchronizing system. This is important for future compact lithography and microscopy systems.
A general and controllable synthesis of ComSn (Co9S8, Co3S4, and Co1−xS) hierarchical microspheres with homogeneous phases (2013)

This work presents a facile and general solvothermal approach to prepare hierarchical cobalt sulfides (ComSn) microflowers, which are composed of curved nanosheets. The homogeneous phases of Co9S8, Co3S4 and Co1−xS could be obtained just by adjusting the molar ratio of cobalt acetate to thiourea. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared cobalt sulfides were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and N2-sorption measurements. The possible growth process was discussed on the basis of time-dependent experimental results. The ComSn materials exhibited great electrocatalytic activities towards both oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions, making them a kind of promising electrode materials for fuel cells and batteries.
Voltammetry Studies of Single‐Crystal and Polycrystalline Diamond Electrodes (1999)

Boron‐doped polycrystalline and near‐single‐crystal quality diamond electrodes were studied by voltammetry. A redox couple with vs. standard hydrogen electrode was detected on the polycrystalline electrodes but was absent on the single‐crystal electrodes. The results strongly suggest that the couple is associated with reactivity at the grain boundaries. Plasma fluorination of polycrystalline diamond electrodes using in a radio frequency plasma eliminated the redox couple at +1.83 V but did not alter the potential range of water stability. Cathodic polarization of as‐grown, polycrystalline diamond electrodes caused an irreversible addition of oxygen to the surface. Subsequent anodic polarization added additional oxygen and made the surface hydrophilic. Single‐crystal electrodes also displayed an increase in oxygen coverage upon both cathodic and anodic polarization. Voltammetry studies of electrodes covered with a thin carbon surface layer indicate that the redox couple at +1.83 V corresponds to multiple processes including the etching of carbon in the grain boundaries. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Antiviral Activity and Conformational Features of an Octapeptide Derived from the Membrane-Proximal Ectodomain of the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Transmembrane Glycoprotein (2003)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) provides a valuable animal model by which criteria for lentivirus control strategies can be tested. Previous studies have shown that a 20-mer synthetic peptide of the membrane-proximal ectodomain of FIV transmembrane glycoprotein, designated peptide 59, potently inhibited the growth of tissue culture-adapted FIV in feline fibroblastoid CrFK cells. In the present report we describe the potential of this peptide to inhibit the replication of primary FIV isolates in lymphoid cells. Because antiviral activity of peptide 59 was found to map to a short segment containing three conserved Trp residues, further analyses focused on a derivative of eight amino acids ((770)W-I(777)), designated C8. Peptide C8 activity was found to be dependent on conservation of the Trp motif, to be removed from solution by FIV absorbed onto substrate cells, and to be blocked by a peptide derived from the N-terminal portion of FIV transmembrane glycoprotein. Structural studies showed that peptide C8 possesses a conformational propensity highly uncommon for peptides of its size, which may account for its considerable antiviral potency in spite of small size.
Clinical Trials of Targeted Alpha Therapy for Cancer (2008)

Targeted alpha therapy is an advancing experimental therapy that holds promise to deliver high cytotoxicity to targeted cancer cells. Initially thought to be indicated for leukaemia and micrometastases, there is now evidence that solid tumours can also be regressed. Alpha therapy may be molecular or physiological in its targeting. Alpha emitting radioisotopes such as Bi-212, Bi-213, At-211 and Ac-225 are used to label monoclonal antibodies or proteins that target specific cancer cells. Alternatively, radium-233 is used for palliative therapy of breast and prostate cancers as it is a bone seeking element. Progress in the development of clinical trials of alpha therapy is examined for leukaemia, lymphoma, melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme, bone metastases, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer and other cancers. Results of past and current trials are reviewed, and the bases of some proposed trials are presented.
CD8 lethargy in the absence of CD4 help (2002)

CD4 T cell help was proposed to have a pivotal role in orienting CD8 T cell responses to antigen stimulation. By activating antigen-presenting cells (APC), CD4 cells would induce their expression of costimulatory molecules, the "signal two" required to induce full CD8 activation, preventing CD8 tolerance. Recent data on this subject is contradictory, as the absence of help did not always result in CD8 tolerance. These differences were attributed either to the presence of residual CD4 help or, respectively to the type of antigen stimulation, the peptide affinity, the CTL frequencies, and/or the strength of the response. We therefore reassessed the role of CD4 help in CD8 responses using a system where CD4 cells are absent and APC not activated. This system can be manipulated to induce CD8 tolerance (at high antigen concentrations) or CD8 memory (at low antigen concentrations). We found that the presence of CD4 help did not prevent tolerance induction. On the other hand, the absence of CD4 help did not induce CD8 tolerance, but rather led to differentiation stage intermediate between naive/memory/tolerant cells that we call "lethargy". These findings indicate that role of CD4 help in CD8 responses does not follow a simple on-off rule, as previously suggested. They also reveal that the "tolerance versus memory" dichotomy fails to account for all possible states/properties of antigen-experienced CD8 cells. Depending on the priming conditions, other intermediate stages of differentiation may occur.
Telecommunications Band Photoluminescence from Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Ring Resonators (2017)

We report enhanced photoluminescence from 1300 nm to 1600 nm wavelength in ring resonators composed of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films. Enhancement of up to 5 dB occurs at the resonant modes of the rings.
Object tracking in cluttered background based on optical flow and edges (1996)

This paper describes a method of determining contours of moving objects in a cluttered scene by integrating optical flow and edges. If the motion of an object is similar to that of the background, the contour is not determined only by optical flow. If the background of a scene is cluttered, the contour is not determined only from edges because many edges may be extracted in the background and no edges may be extracted on some parts of the contour. In the proposed method, the contour is determined by using optical flow and edges in a long sequence. The whole contour of a moving object is eventually obtained by accumulating edges near motion boundaries over an image sequence. The method can also determine the occlusion relation of two overlapping objects by checking if edges exist on the predicted contours of objects. Experimental results for synthetic and real images show the usefulness of the method.
Resource discovery in Internet of Things: Current trends and future standardization aspects (2015)

To realize the vision of Internet of Things, there must be mechanisms to discover resources and their capabilities. Thus resource discovery becomes a fundamental requirement of any IoT platform. This paper provides a comprehensive categorization of the current technology landscape for discovery while pointing out their advantages and limitations. Then, a novel search engine based resource discovery framework is proposed. The framework comprises of a proxy layer which includes drivers for various communication technologies and protocols. There is a central registry to store the configurations of the resources and index them based on the configuration parameters. A “lifetime” attribute is introduced which denotes the period through which a resource is discoverable. The search engine ranks the resulting resources of a discovery request and returns an URI to directly access each resource. The functionalities of the proposed framework are exposed using RESTful web services. The framework allows discovery of both smart and legacy devices. We have performed gap analysis of current IoT standards for discovery mechanisms and provide suggestions to improve them to maintain interoperability. The outcomes are communicated to Standard Development Organizations like W3C (in Web of Things Interest Group) and oneM2M.
Wave Propagation in a Gyromagnetic Solid Conductor: Helicon Waves (1962)

The propagation of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves in a solid under a high dc magnetic field is examined theoretically. An experiment is performed, in which there is transmission through a thin slab of InSb of a 10 000-Mc/sec wave, at liquid nitrogen and room temperatures. Results are in good agreement with the "helicon" theory, which implies that $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\ll}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}$, ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\gg}1$.
CD4-independent infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 after phenotypic mixing with human T-cell leukemia viruses (1990)

Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related disorders, it has been suggested that viral cofactors may accelerate the progression of the disease. We present evidence that human T lymphoid cells productively coinfected by HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) or HTLV-II generate a progeny of phenotypically mixed viral particles that allow the penetration of HIV-1 into previously nonsusceptible CD4- human cells, including mature CD8+ T lymphocytes, B lymphoid cells, epithelial cells, and skeletal muscle cells. The infection is independent of the major HIV-1 receptor, (i.e., the CD4 glycoprotein) since OKT4a, a neutralizing anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, fails to block the penetration of HIV-1. Similarly, infection is not inhibited by monoclonal antibody M77, directed toward the neutralizing loop of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1. In contrast, pretreatment of the virus stock with HTLV-I-neutralizing human serum completely abolishes the penetration of phenotypically mixed HIV-1 into CD4- cells. These results suggest that HTLV-I or HTLV-II may increase the pathogenicity of HIV-1 by broadening the spectrum of its cellular tropism and, thus, favoring its spread within the organism of coinfected hosts.
A hydrostatic pressure-cycle energy harvester (2015)

There have been a number of new applications for energy harvesting with the ever-decreasing power consumption of microelectronic devices. In this paper we explore a new area of marine animal energy harvesting for use in powering tags known as bio-loggers. These devices record data about the animal or its surroundings, but have always had limited deployment times due to battery depletion. Reduced solar irradiance below the water's surface provides the impetus to explore other energy harvesting concepts beyond solar power for use on marine animals. We review existing tag technologies in relation to this application, specifically relating to energy consumption. Additionally, we propose a new idea for energy harvesting, using hydrostatic pressure changes as a source for energy production. We present initial testing results of a bench-top model and show that the daily energy harvesting potential from this technology can meet or exceed that consumed by current marine bio-logging tags. The application of this concept in the arena of bio-logging technology could substantially increase bio-logger deployment lifetimes, allowing for longitudinal studies over the course of multiple breeding and/or migration cycles.
A paired visual servoing system for 6-DOF displacement measurement of structures (2011)

In the previous study, a paired structured light system which incorporates lasers, cameras, and screens was proposed, and experimental tests validated the potential of a displacement measurement system for large structures. However, the estimation of relative translational and rotational displacements between two sides was based on an assumption that there is zero initial displacement and that three laser beams are always on the screens. In this paper, a calibration method is proposed to offset the initial displacement using the first captured image. The calibration matrix derived from the initial offset is used for subsequent displacement estimation. A newly designed 2-DOF manipulator for each side is visually controlled to prevent the laser beams from leaving the screen. As the manipulator actively controls the laser beams to target the center of the screen, it contains all three laser points within the bounds of the screen. To verify the feasibility of the proposed system, various simulations and experimental tests were performed. The results show that the proposed visually servoed paired structured light system solves the main problem with the former system and that it can be utilized to enlarge the estimation range of the displacement.
Sensitivity Analysis in Xyce (2016)

Parametric sensitivities of dynamic system responses are very useful in a variety of applications, including circuit optimization and uncertainty quantification. Sensitivity calculation methods fall into two related categories: direct and adjoint methods. Effective implementation of such methods in a production circuit simulator poses a number of technical challenges, including instrumentation of device models. This report documents several years of work developing and implementing di- rect and adjoint sensitivity methods in the Xyce circuit simulator. Much of this work sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at Sandia National Labora- tories, under project LDRD 14-0788.