gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opioid receptor contributes to ischemic preconditioning through protein kinase C activation in rabbits. (1998)

Recent studies have reported that protection from ischemic preconditioning (PC) is blocked by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (NAL). We tested whether an opioid agonist could mimic PC in the rabbit heart, whether that protection involved protein kinase C (PKC) activation, and whether opioid receptors act in concert with other PKC-coupled receptors. Rabbit hearts were subjected to 30 min coronary occlusions and were reperfused for either 3 (in situ) or 2 (in vitro) h. Infarct size was determined by staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. In untreated in situ hearts 38.5+/-1.6% of the risk zone infarcted. PC with 5 min ischemia/10 min reperfusion significantly limited infarction to 12.7+/-2.9% (p < 0.01). NAL infusion did not modify infarction (39.6+/-1.6%) in non-PC hearts, but blocked the effect of one cycle of PC (34.4+/-3.6% infarction). NAL, however, could not block cardioprotection when PC was amplified with 3 cycles of ischemia/reperfusion (9.9+/-1.4% infarction, p < 0.01 vs. control). Morphine could also mimic ischemic preconditioning, but only at a dose much higher than would be used clinically (3 mg/kg). In isolated hearts pretreatment with morphine (0.3 microM) significantly limited infarction to 9.3+/-1.2% (p < 0.01 vs. 32.0+/-3.1% in controls). This cardioprotective effect of morphine could be blocked by either the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (30.4+/-2.6% infarction) or NAL (34.0+/-2.6% infarction). Neither chelerythrine nor NAL by itself modified infarction in non-PC hearts. NAL could not block protection from one cycle of PC in isolated hearts indicating that an intact innervation may be required for endogenous opioid production. Thus, opioid receptors, like other PKC-coupled receptors, participate in the triggering of PC in the rabbit heart.
Extraction of short time intrinsic switching field distributions in perpendicular media (2012)

The effects of thermal fluctuations are characterized in granular perpendicular media of two different grain sizes. We extract short time switching fields Ho and intrinsic switching field distributions and find that after correcting for thermal effects and the demagnetizing fields, the switching field distributions are almost independent of grain size, in contrast to the long time scale behavior with broader distributions observed for the small grain media. In addition, the shape anisotropy fields of the magnetic clusters are shown to decrease the observed Ho and are more significant as grain size is reduced.
Diffusion imaging of the spinal cord in vivo: Estimation of the principal diffusivities and application to multiple sclerosis (2000)

Magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion imaging is a useful technique with which to increase our understanding of pathologic damage to the central nervous system. To fully quantitate diffusion and anisotropy in the spinal cord, as in other tissues, it is necessary to determine the diffusion tensor. If spinal cord diffusion is assumed to be cylindrically symmetric and the orientation of the cord in the gradient frame is known, then it is shown that full quantification is possible from only three images, two of which are diffusion-weighted. Mean diffusivity and volume ratio were determined in the normal cord of four healthy volunteers and in seven cord lesions of three patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) who had locomotor disability suggesting the presence of spinal pathology. MS cord lesions exhibited increased mean diffusivity reflecting structural damage to the cord white matter. Quantification of diffusion and anisotropy using spinal cord diffusion imaging provides new structural information in relation to spinal cord pathology in vivo.
Design of wide angle reflection reflectarray using multi-layer mushroom structure to improve propagation (2011)

This paper proposes a multi-layer mushroom reflectarray to achieve a wide angle of reflection (AOR) reflectarray at a super high frequency that can be used to improve the Multiple-In-Multiple-Out capacity in a line-of-sight environment. The paper also presents a detailed design chart to satisfy the desired AOR by applying LC resonant circuit theory. A 70 degree-AOR reflectarray at 11 GHz is designed and the proposed reflectarray exhibits good performance based on Finite Element Method calculations.
Aminoacyl-Transfer RNA Synthetase Deficiency Promotes Angiogenesis via the Unfolded Protein Response Pathway (2016)

Our results suggest that endoplasmic reticulum stress acts as a proangiogenic signal via unfolded protein response pathway-dependent upregulation of vegfaa.
Accelerating the Cloud Backup Using GPU Based Data Deduplication (2012)

Data deduplication is an efficient technique for data reduction. It has been adopted and widely used in cloud backup service. However deduplication requires high computing capability since it has to calculate the fingerprint of data many times using a hash algorithm. This can be a performance bottleneck for the system. In this paper, we propose to use Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a high computing architecture, to accelerate the fingerprint generating process in deduplication. Our experiment shows that GPU can significantly improve the performance of deduplication especially when running on large data, where we achieve an acceleration ratio up to 53 times greater compared to with CPU.
The Programmer's Apprentice: A Session with KBEmacs (1985)

The Knowledge-Based Editor in Emacs (KBEmacs) is the current demonstration system implemented as part of the Programmer's Apprentice project. KBEmacs is capable of acting as a semiexpert assistant to a person who is writing a program-taking over some parts of the programming task. Using KBEmacs, it is possible to construct a program by issuing a series of high level comnmands. This series of commands can be as much as an order of magnitude shorter than the program it describes.
Microfluidic integrated optoelectronic tweezers for single-cell preparation and analysis (2013)

We report a novel microfluidic integrated optoelectronic tweezers (OET) platform for single-cell sample preparation and analysis. Integration of OET and microfluidics is achieved by embedding single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) electrodes into multilayer PDMS structures. This integrated platform allows users to selectively pick up individual cells from a population with light beams based on their optical signatures such as size, shape, and fluorescence, and transport them into isolated chambers using light induced dielectrophoretic forces. Isolated cells can be encapsulated into nanoliter liquid plugs and transported out of the platform for downstream molecule analysis using standard commercial instruments.
CD11b regulates obesity-induced insulin resistance via limiting alternative activation and proliferation of adipose tissue macrophages (2015)

Obesity-associated inflammation is accompanied by the accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), which is believed to predispose obese individuals to insulin resistance. CD11b (integrin αM) is highly expressed on monocytes and macrophages and is critical for their migration and function. We found here that high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance was significantly reduced in CD11b-deficient mice. Interestingly, the recruitment of monocytes to adipose tissue is impaired when CD11b is deficient, although the cellularity of ATMs in CD11b-deficient mice is higher than that in wild-type mice. We further found that the increase in ATMs is caused mainly by their vigorous proliferation in the absence of CD11b. Moreover, the proliferation and alternative activation of ATMs are regulated by the IL-4/STAT6 axis, which is inhibited by CD11b through the activity of phosphatase SHP-1. Thus, CD11b plays a critical role in obesity-induced insulin resistance by limiting the proliferation and alternative activation of ATMs.
Evaluation of simultaneous measurement of lutropin and follitropin with the SimulTROPIN radioimmunoassay kit. (1986)

We evaluated the analytical performance of the "SimulTROPIN" (Becton-Dickinson Inc.) radioimmunoassay for the simultaneous measurement of lutropin (LH) and follitropin (FSH) in human serum. Dose response, linearity, analytical recovery, sensitivity, and reagent stability were all acceptable. Cross reactivity with other structurally related hormones [choriogonadotropin (CG) and thyrotropin (TSH)] was minimal. A normal reference interval was established for nonmidcycle, ovulatory women. We confirm the low degree of CG and TSH cross reactivity with LH and FSH reported by Becton Dickinson and conclude that this assay is an acceptable method for laboratory use in the simultaneous quantification of these analytes.
The Emergence of Haemophilus influenzae Types e and f as Significant Pathogens (1995)

Non-type b encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae meningitis (two cases due to H. influenzae type e, two due to H. influenzae type f) was diagnosed in four children in a 6-month period at the University of Virginia. H. influenzae type b was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in the United States before the introduction of an effective vaccine, whereas the other five encapsulated serotypes of H. influenzae rarely caused invasive disease. The clinical features of non-type b H. influenzae meningitis and the therapy for this infection are the same as those for type b H. influenzae disease. We report these four cases to document an increase in infection due to non-type b serotypes of H. influenzae, and we postulate that this change may result from the well-documented decrease in H. influenzae type b oropharyngeal carriage and disease that has occurred because of universal vaccination for H. influenzae type b.
Fault detection for high availability RAID system (2010)

Designing storage systems to provide high availability in the face of failures needs the use of various data protection techniques, such as dual-controller RAID. The failure of controller may cause data inconsistencies of RAID storage system. Heartbeat is used to detect controllers whether survival. So, the heartbeat cycle's impact on the high availability of a dual-controller hot-standby system has become the key of current research. To address the problem of fixed setting heartbeat in building high availability system currently, an adaptive heartbeat fault detection model of dual controller, which can adjust heartbeat cycle based on the frequency of data read-write request, is designed to improve the high availability of dual-controller RAID storage system. Additionally, this heartbeat mechanism can be used for other applications in distributed settings such as detecting node failures, performance monitoring, and query optimization. Based on this model, the high availability stochastic Petri net model of fault detection was established and used to evaluate the effect of the availability. In addition, we define a AHA (Adaptive Heart Ability) parameter to scale the ability of system heartbeat cycle to adapt to the environment which is changing. The results show that, relatively speaking with fixed configuration, the design is valid and effective, and can enhance dual controller RAID system high availability.
Rho Family GTPase Modification and Dependence on CAAX Motif-signaled Posttranslational Modification (2008)

Rho GTPases (20 human members) comprise a major branch of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, and aberrant Rho GTPase function has been implicated in oncogenesis and other human diseases. Although many of our current concepts of Rho GTPases are based on the three classical members (RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42), recent studies have revealed the diversity of biological functions mediated by other family members. A key basis for the functional diversity of Rho GTPases is their association with distinct subcellular compartments, which is dictated in part by three posttranslational modifications signaled by their carboxyl-terminal CAAX (where C represents cysteine, A is an aliphatic amino acid, and X is a terminal amino acid) tetrapeptide motifs. CAAX motifs are substrates for the prenyltransferase-catalyzed addition of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoid lipids, Rce1-catalyzed endoproteolytic cleavage of the AAX amino acids, and Icmt-catalyzed carboxyl methylation of the isoprenylcysteine. We utilized pharmacologic, biochemical, and genetic approaches to determine the sequence requirements and roles of CAAX signal modifications in dictating the subcellular locations and functions of the Rho GTPase family. Although the classical Rho GTPases are modified by geranylgeranylation, we found that a majority of the other Rho GTPases are substrates for farnesyltransferase. We found that the membrane association and/or function of Rho GTPases are differentially dependent on Rce1- and Icmt-mediated modifications. Our results further delineate the sequence requirements for prenyltransferase specificity and functional roles for protein prenylation in Rho GTPase function. We conclude that a majority of Rho GTPases are targets for pharmacologic inhibitors of farnesyltransferase, Rce1, and Icmt.
Affecting Upper Extremity Strength by Changing Maxillo-Mandibular Vertical Dimension in Deep Bite Subjects (2004)

The effect of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) on maximizing isometric deltoid strength (IDS) was measured in subjects with deep overbite. Sixteen female dental students with deep dental overbite and no history of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) were used as their own control and tested for isometric strength of the deltoid muscles, using a hand held strain gauge. Measurements were taken under four mandibular conditions: 1. habitual occlusion; 2. mandibular rest position; 3. biting on a bite elevating appliance set to the functional criterion of peak IDS; and 4. biting on a placebo appliance. Results showed that in deep bite subjects, isometric deltoid strength in habitual occlusion was significantly less than in the mandibular rest position. Isometric deltoid strength with the bite elevating appliance was significantly greater than isometric deltoid strength in habitual occlusion, as well as in the mandibular rest position. Isometric deltoid strength achieved in habitual occlusion and placebo did not differ. Results of this study support previous findings indicating that a change in the VDO will affect isometric strength of the upper extremities.
PHASE RELATIONS IN THE PLUTONIUM-BORON SYSTEM (1964)

The resistance coronary vessels as well as the large coronary arteries are regulated to a major extent by autonomic mechanisms. Neural and pharmacologic activation of alpha-adrenergic pathways can reduce coronary blood flow and the cross-sectional area of large coronary arteries, despite concomitant increases in coronary distending pressure. Activation of either beta 1- or beta 2-adrenergic receptors can induce potent dilation of both coronary resistance vessels and large coronary arteries, whereas blockade of these receptors can elicit profound constriction in the presence of elevated beta-adrenergic tone. The regulation of the coronary circulation by parasympathetic mechanism remains the most controversial, likely because of major species differences. Parasympathetic coronary dilation is uniformly observed in the dog, but in primates, important aspects of parasympathetic-mediated coronary vasoconstriction have also been demonstrated.
Renal insufficiency following contrast media administration trial II (REMEDIAL II): RenalGuard system in high-risk patients for contrast-induced acute kidney injury: rationale and design (2011)

The REMEDIAL II trial will give important answers on how to prevent CI-AKI in high and very high risk patients undergoing contrast media exposure.
Direct Current Stimulation of Allograft in Anterior and Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusions (1994)

Lumbar interbody fusion rates are improved by direct current treatment.
OncoKB: A Precision Oncology Knowledge Base (2017)

OncoKB, a comprehensive and curated precision oncology knowledge base, offers oncologists detailed, evidence-based information about individual somatic mutations and structural alterations present in patient tumors with the goal of supporting optimal treatment decisions.
A beam-search extraction algorithm for comparable data (2009)

This paper extends previous work on extracting parallel sentence pairs from comparable data (Munteanu and Marcu, 2005). For a given source sentence S, a maximum entropy (ME) classifier is applied to a large set of candidate target translations. A beam-search algorithm is used to abandon target sentences as non-parallel early on during classification if they fall outside the beam. This way, our novel algorithm avoids any document-level prefiltering step. The algorithm increases the number of extracted parallel sentence pairs significantly, which leads to a BLEU improvement of about 1% on our Spanish-English data.
Evaluating Rare Amino Acid Substitutions (RGC_CAMs) in a Yeast Model Clade (2014)

When inferring phylogenetic relationships, not all sites in a sequence alignment are equally informative. One recently proposed approach that takes advantage of this inequality relies on sites that contain amino acids whose replacement requires multiple substitutions. Identifying these so-called RGC_CAM substitutions (after Rare Genomic Changes as Conserved Amino acids-Multiple substitutions) requires that, first, at any given site in the amino acid sequence alignment, there must be a minimum of two different amino acids; second, each amino acid must be present in at least two taxa; and third, the amino acids must require a minimum of two nucleotide substitutions to replace each other. Although theory suggests that RGC_CAM substitutions are expected to be rare and less likely to be homoplastic, the informativeness of RGC_CAM substitutions has not been extensively evaluated in biological data sets. We investigated the quality of RGC_CAM substitutions by examining their degree of homoplasy and internode certainty in nearly 2.7 million aligned amino acid sites from 5,261 proteins from five species belonging to the yeast Saccharomyces sensu stricto clade whose phylogeny is well-established. We identified 2,647 sites containing RGC_CAM substitutions, a number that contrasts sharply with the 100,887 sites containing RGC_non-CAM substitutions (i.e., changes between amino acids that require only a single nucleotide substitution). We found that RGC_CAM substitutions had significantly lower homoplasy than RGC_non-CAM ones; specifically RGC_CAM substitutions showed a per-site average homoplasy index of 0.100, whereas RGC_non-CAM substitutions had a homoplasy index of 0.215. Internode certainty values were also higher for sites containing RGC_CAM substitutions than for RGC_non-CAM ones. These results suggest that RGC_CAM substitutions possess a strong phylogenetic signal and are useful markers for phylogenetic inference despite their rarity.
Complications of shoulder arthroplasty. (1994)

Early and mid-range followup studies of shoulder arthroplasty have been encouraging, showing good and excellent results in > 90% of shoulders. Despite this success, complications in shoulder replacement surgery are inevitable, with an incidence of approximately 14%. Numerous complications have been identified and include the following factors in order of decreasing frequency: instability, rotator cuff tear, ectopic ossification, glenoid component loosening, intraoperative fracture, nerve injury, infection, and humeral component loosening. Successful treatment of these difficulties requires careful identification and subsequent analysis of all factors contributing to the complication, knowing that the etiology is often multifactorial. Failed shoulder arthroplasty can be successfully managed with revision surgery, but the technically challenging surgery and the overall results are inferior compared with other diagnostic categories.
Random forest explorations for URL classification (2017)

Phishing is a major concern on the Internet today and many users are falling victim because of criminal's deceitful tactics. Blacklisting is still the most common defence users have against such phishing websites, but is failing to cope with the increasing number. In recent years, researchers have devised modern ways of detecting such websites using machine learning. One such method is to create machine learnt models of URL features to classify whether URLs are phishing. However, there are varying opinions on what the best approach is for features and algorithms. In this paper, the objective is to evaluate the performance of the Random Forest algorithm using a lexical only dataset. The performance is benchmarked against other machine learning algorithms and additionally against those reported in the literature. Initial results from experiments indicate that the Random Forest algorithm performs the best yielding an 86.9% accuracy.
Impact of TiN Metal gate on NBTI assessed by interface states and fast transient effect characterization (2007)

With the decrease of the high-k layer thickness, NBTI becomes more critical than PBTI. The relative contribution of interface states and trapping on NBTI is analysed in Hf-based stacks. Dit density and generation kinetics were found to be similar to that in SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , whereas a very large fast trapping component was evidenced. The pre-existing traps responsible for this fast trapping effect were related to N incorporation in the interfacial layer after TiN PVD deposition. Finally, a significant lifetime improvement is achieved using TaC as gate material.
Experimental and Computational Studies into an ATPH‐Promoted <i>exo</i>‐Selective IMDA Reaction: A Short Total Synthesis of Δ<sup>9</sup>‐THC (2010)

Reversal of fortune: The inherent cis stereoselectivity of an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction is reversed through promotion with aluminum tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide) (ATPH), allowing a total synthesis of the natural product Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (see scheme). Computational studies predict the experimental findings and shed light on the stereocontrolling influences at play in these Diels–Alder reactions. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.