gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-network services for customization in next-generation networks (2010)

The design of the current Internet lacks in adaptability to accommodate novel network uses and functional requirements. It is therefore important to explore how new services can be introduced into the network infrastructure. We present a novel network architecture that can accommodate the deployment and custom instantiation of such network services. We discuss the motivation for our design and several of the research challenges that arise in this context.
[A case of small cell lung cancer with an initial symptom of breast metastasis]. (2006)

We report a case of small cell lung cancer with an initial symptom of breast metastasis. A 55-year-old woman was admitted complaining of multiple breast masses. Chest computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a left hilar mass. Specimens obtained from a breast mass and transbronchial biopsy revealed neoplastic cells suggesting small cell carcinoma Small cell lung cancer with breast metastasis was diagnosed. Systemic chemotherapy resulted in partial remission of the primary lesion and breast metastases.
Bridged Nucleic Acids (BNAs) as a Basic Material for Genome Technology (2004)

The completion of the human genome sequencing project will greatly accelerate the development of novel and practical technologies for genome-analysis, diagnostics or therapeutics. Oligonucleotides are playing an important role in these genome technologies, because of their sequence-specific hybridization ability toward the complementary strand. Besides the sequence-specific duplex formation, oligonucleotides are able to form stable triplex structures, which is fundamental to the antigene strategy to regulate gene expression in a living cell. However, two major drawbacks are known in the triplex formation by a natural oligonucleotide: low stability of the triplex and limitations of the target DNA sequence. One promising strategy to overcome these problems is chemical modification of the oligonucleotides. We have developed various bridged nucleic acids (BNAs), and found that the oligonucleotides containing 2'-O,4'-C-methylene bridged nucleic acid (2',4'-BNA) modification form a stable parallel motif triplex with the double-stranded DNA target under physiological conditions. Some nucleobase analogues to extend the target DNA sequence were designed, synthesized and incorporated into the 2',4'-BNA structure. The obtained 2',4'-BNA derivatives containing modified nucleobases effectively recognized a pyrimidine-purine interruption. Some other examples of nucleic acid analogues to overcome the two major drawbacks in the triplex-forming oligonucleotides are also summarized.
Direct enzyme immunometric measurement of plasma big endothelin-1 concentrations and correlation with indicators of left ventricular function (1998)

Recent studies have suggested that the plasma concentrations of endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, are increased in patients with congestive heart failure. This study aimed to evaluate a new direct ELISA for big endothelin-1 (the precursor of endothelin-1), in comparison with a big endothelin-1 ELISA using plasma sample extraction, and to investigate whether plasma big endothelin-1 concentrations correlate with indicators of left ventricular function. The direct ELISA yielded significantly (P < 0.001) lower results than the assay with extracted samples (0.9 +/- 0.5 pmol/L vs 2.7 +/- 1.9 pmol/L; n = 90); however, the results of the two assays were closely correlated (r = 0.86, P < 0.001). Plasma big endothelin-1 concentrations exhibited a significant (P < 0.001) negative correlation (r = -0.46, r = -0.40) with the left ventricular ejection fraction and a significant positive correlation (r = 0.40, P < 0.001; r = 0.36, P < 0.01) with the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and the left ventricular end-diastolic (r = 0.42, r = 0.38, P < 0.001) and end-systolic (r = 0.52, r = 0.47, P < 0.001) volume indices. Plasma big endothelin-1 concentrations were notably greater in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV symptoms than in patients without cardiac disease or in patients categorized to NYHA class I. These data suggest that plasma big endothelin-1 concentrations, measured by a direct ELISA, correlate with hemodynamic indicators and symptoms of left ventricular dysfunction.
Ultra Temperature-Stable Bulk-Acoustic-Wave Resonators with SiO<sub> 2</sub> Compensation Layer (2007)

This paper describes temperature compensated bulk acoustic-wave resonators (BAR) with temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) less than 1 ppm/degrees C at above 3 GHz. The temperature compensation is produced from the unique physical property of silicon dioxide's positive TCF, unlike most other materials that have negative TCF. Two types of resonators have been explored: film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) composed of Al/ZnO/Al/SiO2 on a surface micromachined cantilever that is released by XeF2 vapor etching and high-overtone acoustic resonator (HBAR) composed of an Al/ZnO/Al resonator on a bulk micromachined SiO2/Si/SiO2 supporting substrate.
Development of the infant intestinal microbiome: A bird's eye view of a complex process (2015)

Infants undergo profound shifts in colonizing intestinal microorganisms during their first year, especially during and after birth and during weaning. Microbiota are passed to infants through the placenta, during the vaginal birth process, and from early diet and other environmental exposures. These microbiota play an active role in the development of healthy infant metabolic and immunologic systems; profound shifts in microbiotal populations can be persistent, are associated with immediate alterations in gene expression, metabolic, immunologic, and neurologic function, and with downstream metabolic and immunologic consequences such as obesity, allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and potentially neurologic conditions. Many modern exposures, including Cesarean section, formula feeding, and antibiotics, have been associated with microbiome shifts, and also with downstream diseases; while many published studies considered exposures individually, a more comprehensive understanding of their interaction and impact will consider the entirety of the infant's environment. It is not possible, nor desirable, to return to a world without toilets, sewers, tap water, delivery room antisepsis, Cesarean sections, antibiotics, immunizations, and refrigerators; our other alternative is to better understand these complex changes in infant developmental and molecular physiology. Protecting and repairing the developmental processes of the healthy infant microbiome is the modern medical frontier.
Optimal detector of OFDM signals for imperfect channel estimation (2008)

An optimal pilot assisted detector of OFDM signals in frequency selective fading channels is proposed and investigated. This detec-tor does not estimate the channel explicitly but jointly processes the received data and pilot symbols to recover the data with minimum error. It outperforms the traditional mismatched detectors that treat channel estimates as perfect. We use complex exponential func-tions to approximate the channel frequency response and compare the performance of a channel estimator applying complex exponen-tial functions and that of an estimator applying the traditional linear interpolation. We also compare the performance of mismatched de-tectors using maximum likelihood (ML) channel estimates with that of the optimal detector. The performance of the proposed optimal detector is better than that of the mismatched detectors and it is close to that of the detector with perfect channel information. We also investigate the performance of iterative receivers in a system transmitting turbo encoded data. Simulation results show that the iterative receiver applying the optimal detector at the initial itera-tion and a mismatched detector in the following iterations outper-forms the iterative receivers applying mismatched detectors in all iterations. Index terms – Frequency selective fading channel, optimal de-tection, OFDM, complex exponential functions, turbo code, itera-tive receiver.
Expression and Imprinting Status of Human PEG8/IGF2AS, a Paternally Expressed Antisense Transcript from the IGF2 Locus, in Wilms' Tumors (2000)

A large imprinted gene cluster in human chromosome 11p15.5 has been implicated in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Wilms' tumor. We have identified a paternally expressed imprinted gene, PEG8/IGF2AS, in this locus. It is transcribed in the opposite direction to the IGF2 transcripts and some genomic regions are shared with the IGF2 gene, as in the case of the mouse imprinted Igf2as gene reported previously by T. Moore et al. As to the relationship between these genomic regions, the human and mouse genes are very similar but there is no homology in their middle parts. Interestingly, PEG8/IGF2AS and IGF2 were found to be overexpressed in Wilms' tumor samples, at levels over ten and a hundred times higher than that in normal kidney tissues neighboring the tumors, respectively. These findings indicate that PEG8/IGF2AS is a good marker of Wilms' tumor and also suggest the possibility of PEG8/IGF2AS being one of the candidate Wilms' tumor genes.
Effect of Eriodictyol on Glucose Uptake and Insulin Resistance in Vitro (2012)

Eriodictyol [2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one] is a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Because inflammation and oxidative stress play critical roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, the present study was designed to explore whether eriodictyol has therapeutic potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The results show that eriodictyol increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in both human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells (HepG2) and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes under high-glucose conditions. Eriodictyol also up-regulated the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) and adipocyte-specific fatty acid-binding protein (aP2) as well as the protein levels of PPARγ2 in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, it reactivated Akt in HepG2 cells with high-glucose-induced insulin resistance. This response was strongly inhibited by pretreatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, indicating that eriodictyol increased Akt phosphorylation by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. These results imply that eriodictyol can increase glucose uptake and improve insulin resistance, suggesting that it may possess antidiabetic properties.
Defining The Federal Role In Offshore Aquaculture: Should It Feature Delegation To The States? (1997)

Improvements in the science and technology of marine aquaculture, the growth in multiple use conflicts in nearshore coastal waters, and the overfished condition of many commercially exploited fish stocks suggest it may be time to consider using open ocean waters for raising marine species for food and other uses. As on previous occasions when similar signs pointed toward aquaculture, policy makers recognize that the legal framework for government involvement is not well-equipped to respond to many of the issues that surround sea farming in the offshore environment. The purpose of this Article is to describe some of the important attributes of an effective legal framework for open ocean aquaculture and to discuss the ability of federal agencies to provide these attributes under current law. Part HI outlines the legal and regulatory barriers to the development of aquaculture in the United States, and the elements of an improved government framework for aquaculture are described in Part III. Next, Part IV discusses the roles of state and federal agencies in the aquaculture permit process. Part V reviews the key provisions of proposed federal legislation for management of aquaculture in the federal 200-mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and finally, in Part VI, a proposal is offered for an alternative system of state-based management with federal oversight and coordination.
Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents starvation-induced muscle protein degradation via regulation of AKT/mTOR/FoxO signaling in C2C12 myotubes (2017)

Skeletal muscle atrophy is often caused by catabolic conditions including fasting, disuse, aging and chronic diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Atrophy occurs when the protein degradation rate exceeds the rate of protein synthesis. Therefore, maintaining a balance between the synthesis and degradation of protein in muscle cells is a major way to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is a primary active ingredient in <i>Panax ginseng</i>, which is considered to be one of the most valuable herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. In the current study, Rg1 was observed to inhibit the expression of MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 in C2C12 muscle cells in a starvation model. Rg1 also activated the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase B (AKT), and forkhead transcription factor O, subtypes 1 and 3a. This phosphorylation was inhibited by LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. These data suggest that Rg1 may participate in the regulation of the balance between protein synthesis and degradation, and that the function of Rg1 is associated with the AKT/mTOR/FoxO signaling pathway.
Pathogenesis of liver involvement during dengue viral infections (2006)

The dengue virus can infect many cell types and cause diverse clinical and pathological effects. We describe clinical and experimental observations that suggest that liver involvement occurs during dengue infections, and we outline the possible role played by host immune responses in this process.
Oxidative DNA damage, antioxidants, and cancer (1999)

Oxidised bases, such as 8-oxo-guanine, occur in cellular DNA as a result of attack by oxygen free radicals. The cancer-protective effect of vegetables and fruit is attributed to the ability of antioxidants in them to scavenge free radicals, preventing DNA damage and subsequent mutation. Antioxidant supplements (e.g., beta-carotene, vitamin C) increase the resistance of lymphocytes to oxidative damage, and a negative correlation is seen between antioxidant concentrations in tissues and oxidised bases in DNA. Large-scale intervention trials with beta-carotene have, however, led to increases in cancer. Recent measurements of the frequency of oxidised DNA bases indicate that earlier estimates were greatly exaggerated; there may be only a few thousand 8-oxo-guanines per cell. Convincing evidence for mutations resulting from oxidative damage, in tumours or cultured cells, is lacking. It seems that efficient antioxidant defences together with DNA repair maintain a steady-state level of damage representing minimal risk to cell or organism.
Cloning and sequencing of Coxiella burnetii outer membrane protein gene com1 (1993)

The gene for an approximately 27-kDa outer membrane-associated, immunoreactive protein was cloned from the rickettsial pathogen Coxiella burnetii. The gene, designated com1 for Coxiella outer membrane protein 1, was expressed in Escherichia coli, presumably by its own promoter. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of 252 residues includes a putative leader sequence. The leader sequence is recognized in and removed by E. coli on the basis of the difference in the molecular mass of the protein produced in an in vitro transcription-translation system (27.6 kDa) and that of the protein immunoprecipitated from an iodinated E. coli clone (25.7 kDa). The Com1 protein expressed in E. coli was proteinase K sensitive in nondisrupted cells and soluble in 1% Sarkosyl, suggesting a loose association with the outer membrane. While the complete predicted sequence of the Com1 protein does not show any overall similarity to those of previously described proteins, a region which includes the only two cysteines in Com1 is homologous to the catalytic site of protein disulfide oxidoreductases.
Tramiprosate in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease – a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre study (the Alphase Study) (2011)

The primary planned analyses did not show a significant treatment effect, but were confounded by unexplained variance. Post-hoc analyses showed a significant treatment-related reduction in HV loss. However, there was only a trend towards slowing of decline on the ADAS-cog and no slowing of decline on the CDR-SB. These results must be interpreted in consideration of the limitations of clinical and disease-modification outcome measures and their relationship, the heterogeneity of the disease and the impact of confounding demographic and clinical variables.
<i>In vivo</i> gene transfer and overexpression of focal adhesion kinase (pp125 FAK) mediated by recombinant adenovirus‐induced tendon adhesion formation and epitenon cell change (1997)

Adhesion formation is a frequent complication of tendon injury repair: however, little is known about its mechanisms. The intracellular focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-related signaling pathway may be one of the mechanisms involved in the induction of tendon adhesions. The replication deficient adenovirus containing the FAK gene (pp125 FAK) was constructed and named Adv-Fak. By in vitro transductions with the recombinant virus, overexpression of the FAK protein was documented in transduced cultured primary tendon cells. By in vivo direct injection of Adv-FAK into the space between the tendon and tendon sheath of White Leghorn chickens, FAK gene transfer with overexpression of the FAK protein was detected by immunohistological staining. The morphology of these stained cells changed from the normal flat shape to cuboid. The group with overexpressed adenovirus-mediated FAK had significant adhesion formation, as seen by increased work of flexion (118.197 +/- 29.616), compared with the group with overexpressed adenovirus-mediated beta-galactosidase (67.507 +/- 36.066) (p < 0.0393) and the group with adenovirus-mediated FAK antisense gene transfer (60.357 +/- 48.562) (p < 0.0211). Histological examination of the samples from tendons with Adv-FAK showed fibers between the tendon and tendon sheath; there were no fibers in the cavities of samples of injured tendons infected with Adv-beta gal. Moreover, at the application site of the former tendons, a thick fiber layer without epitenon cells was built up on the outer surface, whereas a thin fiber layer with clear epitenon cells was observed in the tendons to which Adv-beta gal was applied. Our results show that overexpression of FAK can induce tendon adhesion formation in vivo. This indicates that FAK and the FAK-related signaling pathway may be involved in the process of tendon adhesion formation. Understanding the details of this process may help to prevent tendon adhesion and improve healing.
Neocarzinostatin chromophore: purification of the major active form and characterization of its spectral and biological properties (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeocarzinostatin chromophore: purification of the major active form and characterization of its spectral and biological propertiesMary A. Napier, Barton Holmquist, Daniel J. Strydom, and Irving H. GoldbergCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 19, 5602–5608Publication Date (Print):September 15, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00522a038https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00522a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase: A novel molecular approach for cancer therapy (Review) (2002)

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of malignant death, and better preventive strategies are needed. The treatment of colonic cancer remains difficult because of the lack of effective chemotherapeutic agents; therefore it is important to continue to search for cellular functions that can be disrupted by chemotherapeutic drugs resulting in the inhibition of the development and progression of cancer. The current knowledge of the modification of proteins by myristoylation involving myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) is in its infancy. This process is involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. We have reported for the first time in rats treated with azoxymethane that NMT activity was higher in colonic epithelial neoplasms than in normal colonic tissue and that an increase in NMT activity appeared at an early stage in colonic carcinogenesis. Increased NMT activity was also confirmed in human colonic tumors compared to normal tissue. Furthermore, colorectal tumors displayed increased immunohistochemical staining for NMT compared to normal mucosa in the cytoplasm. In addition, gallbladder carcinoma showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic positivity for NMT with increased intensity in the invasive component whereas the normal gallbladder mucosa showed weak to negative cytoplasmic staining for this enzyme. It is conceivable therefore that NMT can be used as a potential marker for the early detection of cancer. Of particular note is the very recent discovery of cytotoxic compounds in the laboratories of the authors which inhibit NMT and may offer a novel approach for the evolution of candidate antineoplastic agents which display greater potencies towards neoplasms than the corresponding normal tissues.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinylchloride) type macrophotoinitiator comprising side-chain thioxanthone via click chemistry (2011)

Nowadays, the use of macromolecular photoinitiators provides for a good compatibility of the initiator in the formulation. Moreover, the migration of the initiator to the surface of the material is prevented, which results in low-odor and non-toxic coatings. In the present study, it has been demonstrated that polyvinylchloride macrophotoinitiator (PVC-TX) containing side chain thioxanthone (2%) moieties were successfully prepared by 'click chemistry'. For this purpose, propargyl thioxanthone and polyvinylchloride with side chain azide moieties were reacted in N,N-dimethylformamide for 24 hours at 25C in order to give corresponding macrophotoinitiator. The synthesized polymer was characterized by 1 H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), UV (ultraviolet) and fluorescence spectroscopies and water based gel permeation chromatography. Obtained macrophotoinitiator has similar absorption characteristics compared to parent thioxanthone. Its capabilities to act as initiator for the photopolymerization of methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and styrene in various solvents in the absence and presence of triethylamine media were also examined.