gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aluminum Exposure From Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition: Meeting the New FDA Regulation (2008)

Background: Aluminum toxicity can cause serious central nervous system and bone toxicities. Aluminum is a contaminant of parenteral nutrition (PN) solution components. Premature neonates requiring high doses of calcium and phosphate to mineralize their bones, children with impaired renal function, and children on PN therapy for prolonged duration are at the highest risk. Effective in July 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mandated labeling requirements for aluminum content in all PN solution components. To assess the aluminum exposure in neonatal and pediatric populations, this study aims to determine patients' daily aluminum load (μg/kg/d) delivered from PN solutions. Methods: The study included all inpatients who received PN during calendar year 2006 (13,384 PN patient days). The calculated parameters of μg/kg/d and μg/L of parentally administered aluminum were stratified according to patient age and weight. Aluminum content by product and manufacturer were tabulated. Results: Forty‐nine percent of the PN patient days were in patients weighing < 3 kg. These patients also received the largest amounts of aluminum (range, 30‐60μ g/kg/d). Meeting the FDA regulation was possible only in patients weighing> 50 kg. Conclusions: Currently available parenteral products used to make PN solutions contain amounts of aluminum that make it impossible to meet the new FDA rule of <5 μg/kg/d of aluminum exposure. Manufacturers must identify, develop, and adopt new methods to reduce the aluminum contamination in their products. Health care professionals should calculate aluminum loads in patients and make informed decisions when choosing PN products.
Reproductive Synchrony in the Female Black Bear (1972)

Stuart L. Free, Eugene McCaffrey, Reproductive Synchrony in the Female Black Bear, Bears: Their Biology and Management, Vol. 2, A Selection of Papers from the Second International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 6-9 November 1970. IUCN Publications New Series no. 23 (1972), pp. 199-206
Characterization of survival motor neuron (SMNT) gene deletions in asymptomatic carriers of spinal muscular atrophy (1996)

Previous reports have established that the telomeric copy of the survival motor neuron (SMNT) gene and the intact copy of the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene are preferentially deleted in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Although deletions or mutations in the SMNT gene are most highly correlated with SMA, it is not clear to what extent NAIP or other genes influence the SMA phenotype, or whether a small fraction of SMA patients actually have functional copies of both SMNT and NAIP. To evaluate further the part of SMNT in the development of SMA, we analyzed 280 asymptomatic SMA family members for the presence or absence of SMNT exons 7 and 8. We report the following observations: (i) 4% of the sample harbored a polymorphic variant of SMNT exon 7 that looks like a homozygous deletion; (ii) approximately 1% of the parents are homozygously deleted for both exons 7 and 8; (iii) one asymptomatic parent lacking both copies of SMNT exons 7 and 8 displays a 'subclinical phenotype' characterized by mild neurogenic pathology; (iv) another asymptomatic parent lacking both SMNT exons showed no signs of motor neuron disorder by clinical and neurodiagnostic analyses. The demonstration of polymorphic variants of exon 7 that masquerade as homozygous nulls, and the identification of SMA parents who harbor two disease alleles, serve as a caution to those conducting prenatal tests with these markers.
AutoTag: Recurrent Variational Autoencoder for Unsupervised Apnea Detection with RFID Tags (2018)

With the growth of smart healthcare in the Internet of Things (IoT), breathing monitoring and apnea detection are of increasing importance. In this paper, we propose AutoTag, a recurrent variational autoencoder model for breathing and apnea detection with commodity RFID Tags. The AutoTag system consists of signal extraction, calibration, and respiration monitoring modules. We propose a novel method to mitigate the frequency hopping offset with realtime calibration for FCC complaint RFID systems, and a new recurrent variational autoencoder method for apnea and breathing detection. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed AutoTag system in two different environments.
<i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> CspA Is a Serine Protease That Inactivates Chemokines (2008)

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus [GBS]) remains a leading cause of invasive infections in neonates and has emerged as a pathogen of the immunocompromised and elderly populations. The virulence mechanisms of GBS are relatively understudied and are still poorly understood. Previous evidence indicated that the GBS cspA gene is necessary for full virulence and the cleavage of fibrinogen. The predicted cspA product displays homology to members of the extracellular cell envelope protease family. CXC chemokines, many of which can recruit neutrophils to sites of infection, are important signaling peptides of the immune system. In this study, we purified CspA and demonstrated that it readily cleaved the CXC chemokines GRO-alpha, GRO-beta, GRO-gamma, neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2), and granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (GCP-2) but did not cleave interleukin-8. CspA did not cleave a panel of other test substrates, suggesting that it possesses a certain degree of specificity. CXC chemokines also underwent cleavage by whole GBS cells in a cspA-dependent manner. CspA abolished the abilities of three representative CXC chemokines, GRO-gamma, NAP-2, and GCP-2, to attract and activate neutrophils. Genetic and biochemical evidence indicated that CspA is a serine protease with S575 at its active site. D180 was also implicated as part of the signature serine protease catalytic triad, and both S575 and D180 were required for both N-terminal and C-terminal autocatalytic processing of CspA.
STUDY ON TEXTURE SYNTHESIS (2002)

Texture synthesis from samples (TSfS) is a new texture tiling technique developed after the texture mapping and procedural texture synthesis. It can efficiently avoid noticeable seams between texture patches and minimize the stretch and distortion of the pattern when tiling a texture on surfaces. The technique has great potential in many applications, especially in image editing, computer animation, high ratio data compression, fast data transferring on the Internet, real-time rendering for large scale of scenes, realistic and non-photorealisitic rendering etc ., and now TSfS is becoming a new hot topic in the field of computer graph and computer vision. Given in this paper is an overview of the state of the art of TSfS on image processing, texture mapping, and video synthesis. Several typical approaches are described and analyzed. Finally, some existing problems and future work are discussed.
Submillimeter-wave phonon modes in DNA macromolecules (2002)

A detailed investigation of phonon modes in DNA macromolecules is presented. This work presents experimental evidence to confirm the presence of multiple dielectric resonances in the submillimeter-wave spectra (i.e., approximately 0.01-10 THz) obtained from DNA samples. These long-wave (i.e., approximately 1-30 cm(-1)) absorption features are shown to be intrinsic properties of the particular DNA sequence under study. Most importantly, a direct comparison of spectra between different DNA samples reveals a large number of modes and a reasonable level of sequence-specific uniqueness. This work establishes the initial foundation for the future use of submillimeter-wave spectroscopy in the identification and characterization of DNA macromolecules.
Enterprise Knowledge Based Database for New Product Development process (2006)

This paper demonstrates the utilization of the causal block diagram (CBD) and design structure matrix (DSM) to develop the knowledge based database (KBDB) for new product development (NPD) process. This KBDB is successfully validated in the Australian manufacturing industry which would assist organizations and stakeholders to gain a competitive edge
Electrodeposition of cobalt-chromium alloys from cobalt chloride-N-(n-butyl)pyridinium chloride molten salt (2001)

Electrodeposition of cobalt-chromium all oys of different compositions (up to 14 at% Cr) has been carried out onto copper cathode by the pulse potential and the pulse current methods from cobalt chloride-N -( n-but y l)pyridi nium chloride (B PC) molten sa lt containing chromium(ll) chloride at 110 °C. The magnetic properties of the deposited cobalt-chromium alloys ha ve been investigated. The magne ti c polari zation of the deposited cobalt-chromium alloys at hi g h fields decreases with the increase of c hromium content in the deposit except Co-1.22 at% Cr alloy, with max imum mag ne tic polarization than the bulk cobalt. The c athodic current efficiency for the de position of alloy is about 99 % .. Cobalt alloys have been shown to have high saturation magnetization, coercivity and squareness. It is important to improve the corrosion resistance and noise characteristics of the thin film media to in troduce cobalt alloy thin film s for high performance longitudinal recording media. Additive elements such as Cr 1 , Ta 2 , Pt 3 , and Zr 4 have bee n used to improve th e corrosion resi stance of the magnetic thin films. On the other hand, cobalt-chromium thin films show strong promise as perpendicular magnetic recording media. The magnetic transformations of Co-Cr alloys are present in a range between Co-O to 14 at% Cr 5 . However, chromium containing alloys of nickel, cobalt, and iron have significant industrial potential because of their corrosion and wear resistance. Coatings of these alloys on substrate offer similar property enhancements. Application of alloys as surface coatings by electrodeposition is a logical procedure. The electrodeposition of Co-Cr alloys from aqueous solutions has been reported by a number of electrochemists. However, chromium alloy plating from aqueous solutions have encountered problems of (i) low chromium percentage in the deposits , (ii) stressed coatings, (iii) inability to achieve thick coating, and (iv) possibility to contaminate by impurities, i.e. carbon, oxygen, hydrides, etc., which affects on the magnetic properties of the thin films. These problems can be overcome by usin g th e molten salt as an electroplating bath . The present study demonstrates the deposition of Co-Cr alloys from non-aqueous molt e n salt e lectrolytes. *For correspondence Molten salt is one of the electrolytes for the metal electrodeposition process. Owing to its high electrical conductivity, wide decomposition voltage, low melting point, electrolytic metal plating in molten salt has a number of advantages over e lectroplating in aqueous solutions, such as a high deposition rates, low concentration of impurities and higher current efficiency.
Multiple Object Tracking Using Particle Filters (2006)

The particle filtering technique with multiple cues such as colour, texture and edges as observation features is a powerful technique for tracking deformable objects in image sequences with complex backgrounds. In this paper, our recent work (Brasnett et al., 2005) on single object tracking using particle filters is extended to multiple objects. In the proposed scheme, track initialisation is embedded in the particle filter without relying on an external object detection scheme. The proposed scheme avoids the use of hybrid state estimation for the estimation of number of active objects and its associated state vectors as proposed in (Czyz et al., 2005). The number of active objects and track management are handled by means of probabilities of the number of active objects in a given frame. These probabilities are shown to be easily estimated by the Monte Carlo data association algorithm used in our algorithm. The proposed particle filter (PF) embeds a data association technique based on the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) which handles the uncertainty of the measurement origin. The algorithm is able to cope with partial occlusions and to recover the tracks after temporary loss. The probabilities calculated for data associations take part in the calculation of probabilities of the number of objects. We evaluate the performance of the proposed filter on various real-world video sequences with appearing and disappearing targets
Passive erbium-doped fiber seed photon generator for high-power Er^3+-doped fiber fluorescent sources with an 80-nm bandwidth (1999)

A novel structure that converts wasted backward amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) to seed photons for the amplifier stage is suggested for a high-power erbium-doped fiber (EDF) broadband source. A considerable increase in output power and bandwidth extension was achieved by placement of a segment of passive EDF in front of the amplifier stage, thus recycling backward ASE as the secondary pumping source for the passive EDF seed photon generator. Experimental results showed a dramatic increase in output ASE power of more than 10 dB for most radiation bands from 1540 to 1620 nm with the simple addition of an unpumped EDF segment to the ordinary fluorescence-source structure.
Synthesis and degradation of photolabile dendrimers based on o-nitrobenzyl ether photolabile cores (2007)

Two dendrimer cores, 1a and 2a, that contain o-nitrobenzyl photolabile moieties, lack hydrolytically sensitive ester linkages and possess three and six sites for dendron attachment, respectively, have been alkylated to provide methylated core analogs 1b and 2b as well as second-generation benzylaryl ether dendrimer 1c and third-generation dendrimer 2c. These dendrimers undergo clean photocleavage as indicated by the evolution of isosbestic points in the UV spectra during photolysis. In addition, the nature of the photodegradation products was confirmed by observing the photolyses by both 1H NMR and GPC.
Automated versus do-it-yourself methods for causal inference: Lessons learned from a data analysis competition (2017)

Statisticians have made great progress in creating methods that reduce our reliance on parametric assumptions. However this explosion in research has resulted in a breadth of inferential strategies that both create opportunities for more reliable inference as well as complicate the choices that an applied researcher has to make and defend. Relatedly, researchers advocating for new methods typically compare their method to at best 2 or 3 other causal inference strategies and test using simulations that may or may not be designed to equally tease out flaws in all the competing methods. The causal inference data analysis challenge, "Is Your SATT Where It's At?", launched as part of the 2016 Atlantic Causal Inference Conference, sought to make progress with respect to both of these issues. The researchers creating the data testing grounds were distinct from the researchers submitting methods whose efficacy would be evaluated. Results from 30 competitors across the two versions of the competition (black box algorithms and do-it-yourself analyses) are presented along with post-hoc analyses that reveal information about the characteristics of causal inference strategies and settings that affect performance. The most consistent conclusion was that methods that flexibly model the response surface perform better overall than methods that fail to do so. Finally new methods are proposed that combine features of several of the top-performing submitted methods.
Depression Has an Adverse Effect on Diabetes Treatment and Outcomes (2011)

Comorbid depression in diabetes is highly prevalent and has a negative impact on well-being and diabetes control [van der Feltz-Cornelis CM et al. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2010]. Diabetes patients with comorbid depression are less likely to engage in physical activity, comply with dietary advice, and stop smoking [DiMatteo MR et al. Arch Intern Med 2000].
Peritoneal Dialysis Access: A Comparison of Peritoneoscopic and Surgical Insertion Techniques (1998)

Prospectively collected data were analysed comparing 108 consecutive peritoneoscopically (n = 65) and surgically (n = 43) placed peritoneal dialysis catheters during a three-year period. Catheter-linked mechanical complications occurred more often in the peritoneoscopical group, and pericatheteral leakage ended in catheter loss in 13.8%. Overall probability of catheter survival in the peritoneoscopic group at 12, 24 and 36 months was 73%, 56% and 24%, and in the surgical group 87%, 87% and 66%, respectively (p < 0.05). Rates of infectious complications, peritonitis and exit site infections were similar.
Writing and erasing of temporal cavity solitons by direct phase modulation of the cavity driving field (2015)

Temporal cavity solitons (CSs) are persisting pulses of light that can manifest themselves in continuously driven passive resonators, such as macroscopic fiber ring cavities and monolithic microresonators. Experiments so far have demonstrated two techniques for their excitation, yet both possess drawbacks in the form of system complexity or lack of control over soliton positioning. Here we experimentally demonstrate a new CS writing scheme that alleviates these deficiencies. Specifically, we show that temporal CSs can be excited at arbitrary positions through direct phase modulation of the cavity driving field, and that this technique also allows existing CSs to be selectively erased. Our results constitute the first experimental demonstration of temporal CS excitation via direct phase modulation, as well as their selective erasure (by any means). These advances reduce the complexity of CS excitation and could lead to controlled pulse generation in monolithic microresonators.
New methods for contour detection and automatic thresholding (1995)

This paper presents two new approaches for optimum thresholding of gray-level images. The first algorithm utilizes an iterative thresholding scheme in conjunction with a golden-section optimization technique to determine the optimum threshold that maximizes the number of contours and the number of pixels in the contours. The second algorithm uses the same optimization technique to determine the optimum threshold that maximizes the average perimeter of the scene image.
Selective antihyperalgesic effect of [Ser1] histogranin on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced hyperalgesia in rats (2002)

The search for alternative pharmacotherapies that target abnormal pain has focused on N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists, since they are efficacious in various chronic pain models. However, adverse effects of currently available agents limit their therapeutic usefulness. The naturally derived NMDAR antagonist peptide, histogranin, is thought to interact at a novel site on the NMDAR subunit. Previous studies in our laboratory have suggested the potential for histogranin analogs to attenuate neuropathic pain. The ability of this peptide derivative to reduce inflammatory pain was evaluated in the present study. The effect of intrathecal (i.t.) injection of the stable analog [Ser(1)] histogranin (SH) was evaluated in rats with a unilateral hind paw inflammation. Following injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the hind paw, responsiveness to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli were greatly enhanced (hyperalgesia). The i.t. injection of SH partially attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia for up to 2 h post-injection, with no effect on withdrawal thresholds of the non-inflamed paw. In contrast, SH had no effect on thermal hyperalgesia. No attendant motor abnormalities were noted. These results indicate that SH has selective and modest antinociceptive effects on inflammatory pain and suggests that novel histogranin analogs may be safe and useful adjuncts in the management of chronic pain.
Fluorinated 9,9′-spirobifluorene derivatives as host materials for highly efficient blue organic light-emitting devices (2013)

A series of new fluorinated 9,9′-spirobifluorene derivatives (SFs) have been designed and synthesized for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). The spatial structure of 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(2,4-bifluorophenyl)spiro-9,9′-bifluorene was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. With the different substitution patterns of electron-withdrawing groups, such as F and CF3, the photophysical properties, energy levels and thermal stabilities of these SFs can be tuned, which is supported by density functional studies of their geometries and electronic structures. A non-doped deep blue OLED using 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(3-fluorophenyl)spiro-9,9′-bifluorene (Spiro-(3)-F) as the emitter shows excellent Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.169, 0.122) with emission peaking at ca. 408 nm. Furthermore, these SFs serve as an excellent host material for the 4,4′-bis(9-ethyl-3-carbazovinylene)-1,1′-biphenyl dopant to form high-performance OLEDs with low turn-on voltages and high efficiencies, especially for Spiro-(3)-F as the fluorescent host with pure blue CIE coordinates of (0.149, 0.187), a low turn-on voltage of 3.4 V, high luminance of over 10 000 cd m−2, a high current efficiency of 6.66 cd A−1, and a high external quantum efficiency of 4.92%. The high efficiency is attributed to the high carrier mobility together with the low injection barriers for both the electron and the hole in the Spiro-(3)-F-based device.
High-NA lithographic imagery at Brewster's angle (2002)

Recent advances have enabled exposure tool manufacturers to ship tools with Numerical Aperture (NA) equals 0.8, and to envision optics with even larger NA. Thus the lithography community must grapple with images formed by oblique waves close to Brewster's angle. (For a typical chemically amplified resist with index of refraction n equals 1.7, Brewster's angle is 59 degree(s), corresponding to NA equals 0.86.) This paper will consider some of the surprising phenomena that occur at such high NA. Both vector diffraction simulation results and experimental results from the IBM interferometric lithography apparatus will be discussed. One of the most interesting modeling predictions is that, near Brewster's angle, the swing curve for TM polarization is much smaller than normal, while the swing curve for TE polarization is much larger than normal, and experimental measurements verify this prediction. Special image cross sections using the Flagello decoration method will also demonstrate the loss of TM image contrast due to vector imaging effects.
Parallelized, real-time, metabolic-rate measurements from individual Drosophila (2018)

Significant recent evidence suggests that metabolism is intricately linked to the regulation and dysfunction of complex cellular and physiological responses ranging from altered metabolic programs in cancers and aging to circadian rhythms and molecular clocks. While the metabolic pathways and their fundamental control mechanisms are well established, the precise cellular mechanisms underpinning, for example, enzymatic pathway control, substrate preferences or metabolic rates, remain far less certain. Comprehensive, continuous metabolic studies on model organisms, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, may provide a critical tool for deciphering these complex physiological responses. Here, we describe the development of a high-resolution calorimeter, which combines sensitive thermometry with optical imaging to concurrently perform measurements of the metabolic rate of ten individual flies, in real-time, with ~100 nW resolution. Using this calorimeter we have measured the mass-specific metabolic rates of flies of different genotypes, ages, and flies fed with different diets. This powerful new approach enables systematic studies of the metabolic regulation related to cellular and physiological function and disease mechanisms.