gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LaB6 Hollow Cathodes for Ion and Hall Thrusters (2007)

Deep space missions and satellite station-keeping applications continue to demand higher power ion thrusters and Hall thrusters capable of providing high thrust and longer life. Depending on the thruster size, the hollow cathodes may be required to produce discharge currents in the 10-100 A range with lifetimes in excess of 10 years. A lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ) hollow cathode has been developed for space applications to increase the current capability from the cathode and ease the handling and gas purity requirements. This cathode uses a LaB 6 insert in an all-graphite hollow cathode structure with an integral graphite keeper. Three different sizes of the LaB 6 cathode have been successfully operated at discharge currents of up to 100 A to date. Although the LaB 6 cathode insert operates at a higher temperature than the conventional BaO dispenser cathode, LaB 6 offers the capability of long life and orders of magnitude less sensitivity to propellant impurities and air exposure than conventional dispenser cathodes.
Thioredoxin 1 Negatively Regulates Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Upregulation of miR-98/let-7 (2010)

These results suggest that Trx1 upregulates expression of the let-7 family, including miR-98, which in turn inhibits cardiac hypertrophy, in part through downregulation of cyclin D2.
Friction Based Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Principles for Building in Solid State, Benefits, Limitations, and Applications (2018)

Currently, most of the major commercial metal additive manufacturing (MAM) techniques rely on liquid phase processing. The liquid to solid phase transformations in these techniques results in microstructural issues and defects which in turn tantamount to inferior properties of fabricated build. Friction based additive manufacturing technologies are solid state processing techniques which work on the principles of friction based joining processes and layer by layer additive manufacturing. This book primarily addresses the basic understanding of seven friction based additive manufacturing techniques. These techniques include additive manufacturing methods based on rotary friction welding, linear friction welding, friction deposition, friction surfacing, friction stir additive manufacturing, friction assisted seam welding and additive friction stir. The principle of operations, benefits, limitations and recent developments of each technique has been described. It covers potentional and probable applications of each technique through review of various experimental studies. 
Features


Targets friction based solid state additive manufacturing of metallic materials 


Describes principle of operation of seven friction based additive manufacturing techniques 


Reviews latest trends of these processes via experimental studies 


Describes benefits and limitations of each technique 


Covers current and probable applications of these techniques
A simple architecture for using multiple cues in sound separation (2002)

The article concerns a system aimed at enhancing a target talker under varying signal conditions based on the use of several different types of information or "cues". Toward this end, an architecture designed to combine separately operating estimators is described and evaluated. The architecture is currently implemented using spatial and periodicity based enhancement algorithms, and evaluated using a male target talker and female jammer talker under several spatial and target to jammer ratio (TJR) conditions. Using a TJR estimation algorithm, the implementation is shown to yield improved TJR under all tested input TJRs (-4, 0, 4, and 8 dB) and spatial conditions (target and jammer straight ahead; target ahead and jammer at 60 degrees). Improvement ranges from 1.4 to 4.5 dB.
Lipophilic Heterocycles. Convenient Synthesis of Long-Chain Alkyl Heteroaryl Ethers using Potassium Hydroxide in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (1984)

Par action d'alcanols en presence de KOH sur des arenes ou heteroarenes chlores dans le DMSO, on synthetise des alkyl aryl (ou heteroaryl) ethers (aryl ou heteroaryl: carbamoyl-4- ou nitro-4 phenyl, amino-6 dicyano-3,5 methyl-4 pyridyl-2, amino-6 tricyano-3,4,5 pyridyl-2, amino-4 cyano-5 pyrimidinyl-2 ou quinolyl-2)
Association of Endogenous Retroviruses and Long Terminal Repeats with Human Disorders (2013)

Since the human genome sequences became available in 2001, our knowledge about the human transposable elements which comprise ∼40% of the total nucleotides has been expanding. Non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons are actively transposing in the present-day human genome, and have been found to cause ∼100 identified clinical cases of varied disorders. In contrast, almost all of the human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) originating from ancient infectious retroviruses lost their infectivity and transposing activity at various times before the human-chimpanzee speciation (∼6 million years ago), and no known HERV is presently infectious. Insertion of HERVs and mammalian apparent LTR retrotransposons (MaLRs) into the chromosomal DNA influenced a number of host genes in various modes during human evolution. Apart from the aspect of genome evolution, HERVs and solitary LTRs being suppressed in normal biological processes can potentially act as extra transcriptional apparatuses of cellular genes by re-activation in individuals. There has been a reasonable prediction that aberrant LTR activation could trigger malignant disorders and autoimmune responses if epigenetic changes including DNA hypomethylation occur in somatic cells. Evidence supporting this hypothesis has begun to emerge only recently: a MaLR family LTR activation in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's lymphoma and a HERV-E antigen expression in an anti-renal cell carcinoma immune response. This mini review addresses the impacts of the remnant-form LTR retrotransposons on human pathogenesis.
Coercivity and microstructure of Mn–Ni–N sintered alloys (2007)

Abstract This paper describes the relationship between magnetic properties and microstructure in Mn‐Ni‐N sintered alloys. The Mn‐Ni‐N alloy heat‐treated at 1200 °C for 3 h and then jacket‐quenched in a nitrogen atmosphere, exhibits a high coercivity of 352 kAm ‐1 . The EDX analysis reveals that the sample jacket‐quenched and then annnealed in nitrogen, consists of two phases with different Ni content forming a lamellar structure. From TEM observations, the jacket‐quenched sample contains many stacking faults and twins with nano‐meter size. Therefore, it is considered that they play a role as pinning sites of domain wall motion and high coercivity observed with the quenched sample is casued by the domain wall pinning mechanism. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Absolute shape measurements using high-resolution optoelectronic holography methods (2000)

Characterization of surface shape and deformation is of pri- mary importance in a number of testing and metrology applications re- lated to the functionality, performance, and integrity of components. In this paper, a unique, compact, and versatile state-of-the-art fiber-optic- based optoelectronic holography (OEH) methodology is described. This description addresses apparatus and analysis algorithms, especially de- veloped to perform measurements of both absolute surface shape and deformation. The OEH can be arranged in multiple configurations, which include the three-camera, three-illumination, and in-plane speckle corre- lation setups. With the OEH apparatus and analysis algorithms, absolute shape measurements can be made, using present setup, with a spatial resolution and accuracy of better than 30 and 10 mm, respectively, for volumes characterized by a 300-mm length. Optimizing the experimental setup and incorporating equipment, as it becomes available, having su- perior capabilities to the ones utilized in the present investigations can further increase resolution and accuracy in the measurements. The par- ticular feature of this methodology is its capability to export the measure- ments data directly into CAD environments for subsequent processing, analysis, and definition of CAD/CAE models. © 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)02601-5)
Nonblocking 4×4 silicon electro-optic switch matrix with push–pull drive (2013)

A compact rearrangeable nonblocking 4×4 silicon electro-optic switch matrix based on a Spanke-Beneš network is proposed and fabricated by a 0.18 μm standard commercial complementary metal-oxide semiconductor line. By respectively modulating the two modulation arms with a push-pull drive, a cross talk (CT) of less than -18 dB is obtained for the switching element with 150-μm-long modulation arms. The total steady-state power consumption of the switch matrix ranges from 4.46 to 35.92 mW for different routing states. The CT values of the routing state with the minimum and maximum power consumptions are less than -19 dB and less than -12 dB, respectively.
Determining the Chaotic Nature of Periodic Orbits (2020)

Using Lyapunov exponents as a measure of chaos in integrable systems, we characterize the chaotic nature of 1243 distinct periodic modes in a two-magnetic dipole system. After finding these distinct modes from previous research we wanted to understand their long-term behavior. We implemented an algorithm to compute the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents for the dipole system, determining the chaotic nature of the orbit by the largest exponent found. The use of Lyapunov exponents for this particular system hasn't yet shown clear results of which orbits are chaotic or not, due to the non-smooth nature of the equations. We are looking at other means of determining chaos with methods such as the Small Alignment Index (SALI) or the Generalized Alignment Index (GALI).
Perishable Product's Supply Chain Coordination with Option Contract Under Two Production and Ordering Modes (2007)

Through incorporating option mechanism, quantity flexible strategy and quick respond strategy into perishable products' supply chain, this paper establishes the gamble models of retailer's initial order, option purchase and manufacturer production under two production and ordering modes. If manufacturer and retailer share products demand information, manufacturer can decide first period's proper production through retailer's initial order and option purchase in order to make his own profit and the whole supply chain optimization. Comparing with two flexible production modes without option mechanism, retailer may get higher expected profit and reduce his managing risk in the condition of the whole supply chain's optimal expected profit without changed; comparing with two period production modes having option mechanism and only one ordering opportunity, retailer will purchase less option and may get higher expected profit and manufacturer may also get higher expected profit.
Remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition of silicon nitride films: the effect of diluting nitrogen with helium (1995)

SiNxHy films have been deposited using an SiH4-N2 mixture in a capacitively coupled remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (RPECVD) system, where conditions favour transport of active species and energy to the deposition zone. In contrast to an inductively coupled RPECVD system, He dilution produces little influence on growth rate. Such a dilution does, however, strongly influence the film composition. Helium atoms promote the formation of atomic nitrogen in the gas phase and assist in delivering additional energy to the surface of the growing film; this leads to changes in the relative amounts of Si–Hi and N–Hj bonds and in the Si/N ratio of the deposited films. With the addition of helium, films of composition close to that of stoichiometric silicon nitride can be produced.
Benzopyranopyridine derivatives. 1. Aminoalkyl derivatives of the azaxanthenes as bronchodilating agents (1975)

The preparation of the four isomeric azaxanthones 3 and a number of their aromatic ring substituted derivatives is described. These ketones were converted into the title compounds which were examined for their biological properties. The most interesting compound in this series, the 1-methyl-4-piperidylidene derivative of 1-azaxanthene, shows the profile of an orally effective potent bronchodilating agent as well as a moderate antihistamine. Biological properties of this compound were compared to a number of antihistamines as well as known bronchodilating agents. Structure-activity relationships are also discussed.
Determination of Oxygen Extraction Ratios by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1999)

The oxygen extraction ratio (OER) of a tissue describes the interplay between oxygen delivery and consumption and, as such, directly reflects the viability and activity of any organ. It is shown that OER can be quantified using a single magnetic resonance imaging observable, namely the relaxation time T2 of venous blood draining from the tissue. This principle is applied to study local OER changes in the brain on visual stimulation in humans, unambiguously demonstrating a mismatch between changes in blood flow and oxygen metabolism on activation.
Single-sideband modulator for frequency domain multiplexing of superconducting qubit readout (2017)

We introduce and experimentally characterize a superconducting single-sideband modulator compatible with cryogenic microwave circuits and propose its use for frequency domain multiplexing of superconducting qubit readout. The monolithic double-balanced modulators that comprise the device are formed with purely reactive elements (capacitors and Josephson junction inductors) and require no microwave-frequency control tones. Microwave signals in the 4 to 8 GHz band, with power up to −85 dBm, are converted up or down in frequency by as much as 120 MHz. Spurious harmonics in the device can be suppressed by up to 25 dB for select probe and modulation frequencies.
Myofiber-specific inhibition of TGFβ signaling protects skeletal muscle from injury and dystrophic disease in mice (2014)

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a disease characterized by skeletal muscle necrosis and the progressive accumulation of fibrotic tissue. While transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has emerged as central effector of MD and fibrotic disease, the cell types in diseased muscle that underlie TGFβ-dependent pathology have not been segregated. Here, we generated transgenic mice with myofiber-specific inhibition of TGFβ signaling owing to expression of a TGFβ type II receptor dominant-negative (dnTGFβRII) truncation mutant. Expression of dnTGFβRII in myofibers mitigated the dystrophic phenotype observed in δ-sarcoglycan-null (Sgcd(-/-)) mice through a mechanism involving reduced myofiber membrane fragility. The dnTGFβRII transgene also reduced muscle injury and improved muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin injury, as well as increased satellite cell numbers and activity. An unbiased global expression analysis revealed a number of potential mechanisms for dnTGFβRII-mediated protection, one of which was induction of the antioxidant protein metallothionein (Mt). Indeed, TGFβ directly inhibited Mt gene expression in vitro, the dnTGFβRII transgene conferred protection against reactive oxygen species accumulation in dystrophic muscle and treatment with Mt mimetics protected skeletal muscle upon injury in vivo and improved the membrane stability of dystrophic myofibers. Hence, our results show that the myofibers are central mediators of the deleterious effects associated with TGFβ signaling in MD.
AutoCAD 2009 & AutoCAD LT 2009 All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies (For Dummies (Computer/Tech)) (2008)

Nobody ever said AutoCAD was easy, which is why you need AutoCAD & AutoCAD LT 2009 All-In-One Desk Reference for Dummies! These nine minibooks cover all the stuff you need to know to set up AutoCAD for 2D or 3D, create drawings, modify and share them, publish your work, and more. Theres even a minibook devoted to increasing your options with AutoCAD LT! This one-stop guide to creating great technical drawings using AutoCAD 2009 shows you how to navigate the AutoCAD interface, set up drawings, use basic and precision tools, and use drawing objects. Youll learn how to annotate your drawings, use dimensioning and hatching, and work with AutoCADs new Annotation Scaling feature. Youll also find out how to work with solids, texture surfaces, add lighting, and much more. Discover how to Navigate the AutoCAD interface Work with lines, shapes, and curves Add explanatory text Understand AutoCAD LTs limitations Render your drawings Create and manage blocks Use Aut oCAD advanced drafting techniques Comply with CAD management and standards Share your work with others Customize the AutoCAD interface, tools, and more Complete with Web links to advanced information on navigating the AutoCAD programming interfaces, using custom programs, getting started with AutoLISP, and working with Visual Basic for AutoCAD, AutoCAD & AutoCAD LT 2009 All-In-One Desk Reference for Dummies is the only comprehensive AutoCAD guide youll ever need.
A Period Detector For Pseudo-Periodic Signals (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Hypoxia‐induced preconditioning in adult stimulated cardiomyocytes is mediated by the opening and trafficking of sarcolemmal K <sub>ATP</sub> channels (2004)

The opening of sarcolemmal and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channels in the heart is believed to mediate ischemic preconditioning, a phenomenon whereby brief periods of ischemia/reperfusion protect the heart against myocardial infarction. Here, we have applied digital epifluorescent microscopy, immunoprecipitation and Western blotting, perforated patch clamp electrophysiology, and immunofluorescence/laser confocal microscopy to examine the involvement of KATP channels in cardioprotection afforded by preconditioning. We have shown that adult, stimulated-to-beat, guinea-pig cardiomyocytes survived in sustained hypoxia for approximately 17 min. An episode of 5-min-long hypoxia/5-min-long reoxygenation before sustained hypoxia dramatically increased the duration of cellular survival. Experiments with different antagonists of KATP channels, applied at different times during the experimental protocol, suggested that the opening of sarcolemmal KATP channels at the beginning of sustained hypoxia mediate preconditioning. This conclusion was supported by perforated patch clamp experiments that revealed activation of sarcolemmal KATP channels by preconditioning. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting as well as immunofluorescence and laser confocal microscopy showed that the preconditioning is associated with the increase in KATP channel proteins in sarcolemma. Inhibition of trafficking of KATP channel subunits prevented preconditioning without affecting sensitivity of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia in the absence of preconditioning. We conclude that the preconditioning is mediated by the activation and trafficking of sarcolemmal KATP channels.
Model composability (2006)

Composition of models is considered essential in developing heterogeneous complex systems and in particular simulation models capable of expressing a system's structure and behavior. This paper describes model composability concepts and approaches in terms of modeling formalisms. These composability approaches along with some of the key capabilities and challenges they pose are presented in the context of semiconductor supply chain manufacturing systems.
Research on Optimization of Intelligent Express Locker: In the Case of the Intelligent Express Locker in S University (2017)

Take postal intelligent express locker in S university as the research object, through field visits, analysis of the use of the intelligent express locker working for the last mile of S university, finds out the existence problems of lack of humanization design. According to the methods for engineering optimization, proposed bin for the layout and design optimization area, etc.. The implementation of the new scheme makes the intelligent parcel delivery terminal intake capacity increased by 89%, also, the operation of the regional settings more humane.
Assurance of CD for 45-nm half-pitch with immersion microscope (2006)

A new calibration method for critical dimension (CD) linearity improvement with an immersion microscope is proposed. Correlation tables of an edge position against CD of the clear pattern and CD of the dark pattern are obtained experimentally. The detected edge position is calibrated with the correction tables. Distance between the calibrated edge positions is output as CD. The experiment result indicates the calibration method improves CD linearity of an immersion microscope. CD repeatability with the calibration method using an immersion microscope is found to be sufficient for 45nm HP masks. As a result, an immersion microscope with our calibration method is available for CD measurement of 45 nm HP masks.
Test preparation and fault analysis using a bottom-up methodology (2003)

The testing methodology for digital VLSI circuits proposed by J.P. Teixeira et al. (1988) is based on the automatic definition of a realistic fault list which depends on the technology, the manufacturing process, and the IC layout. The proposed methodology is extended to include an initial stage of test preparation during the top-down design phase. In this step, an initial test-pattern generation is performed, to be used for test refinement during the bottom-up verification phase. Fault collecting is done by means of a hierarchical layout-to-fault extractor based on the physical failures most likely to occur in MOS designs. Fault list compression is performed, according to user-defined fault listing objectives, by means of a postprocessor. Test vectors derived by means of a gate-level automatic test-pattern generator are validated by using a concurrent switch-level fault simulator. The visualization of undetected faults in the layout is made possible by means of a graphite display facility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High precision phase-shifting electron holography (2001)

Today&rsquo;s information-oriented society requires high density and high quality magnetic recording media. The quantitative observation of fine magnetic structures by electron holography is greatly anticipated in the development of such new recording materials. However, the magnetic fields around particles &lt;50 nm have not been observed, because the fields are too weak to observe in the usual way. Here we present a highly precise phase measurement technique: improved phase-shifting electron holography. Using this method, the electric field around a charged polystyrene latex particle (100 nm in diameter) and the magnetic field around iron particles (30 nm in diameter) are observed precisely. A precision of the reconstructed phase image of 2&pi;/300 rad is achieved in the image of the latex particle.
Identification and structure solution of fragment hits against kinetoplastid<i>N</i>-myristoyltransferase (2015)

Trypanosoma brucei N-myristoyltransferase (TbNMT) is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis. Pyrazole sulfonamide (DDD85646), a potent inhibitor of TbNMT, has been identified in previous studies; however, poor central nervous system exposure restricts its use to the haemolymphatic form (stage 1) of the disease. In order to identify new chemical matter, a fragment screen was carried out by ligand-observed NMR spectroscopy, identifying hits that occupy the DDD85646 binding site. Crystal structures of hits from this assay have been obtained in complex with the closely related NMT from Leishmania major, providing a structural starting point for the evolution of novel chemical matter.