gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementing a low power TDMA protocol over 802.11 (2005)

A wireless network of remotely located, self-powered video sensors must make efficient use of limited network capacity and power. An ideal media-access protocol for such a network would fully utilize available throughput while using no more power than necessary and maintaining a reasonable level of fairness. To accomplish these goals, the paper proposes and evaluates a time-division multiple-access protocol that may run on top of unmodified IEEE 802.11 hardware. Our protocol uses an 802.11 access point as a controller for a set of 802.11 clients. The controller allocates timeslots to its clients; during its timeslot, a client may send to and receive from the controller. Each client may turn its radio off during other clients' timeslots to save power that would otherwise be wasted contending for a busy channel. We compare and contrast our protocol to other wireless power-saving mechanisms, then discuss the design and implementation of our protocol and its performance compared to standard 802.11 in terms of throughput, power, and fairness. We conclude that our protocol offers a significant reduction in power consumption and improved fairness. Finally, we show that our protocol's throughput is similar to that of standard 802.11.
Graphene Wrinkles Enable Spatially Defined Chemistry (2019)

This paper reports a scalable approach to achieve spatially selective graphene functionalization using multiscale wrinkles. Graphene wrinkles were formed by relieving the strain in thermoplastic polystyrene substrates conformally coated with fluoropolymer and graphene skin layers. Chemical reactivity of a fluorination process could be tuned by changing the local curvature of the graphene nanostructures. Patterned areas of graphene nanowrinkles and crumples followed by a single-process plasma reaction resulted in substrates with regions having different fluorination levels. Notably, conductivity of the functionalized graphene nanostructures could be locally tuned as a function of feature size without affecting the mechanical properties.
Enhanced oxygen evolution activity by NiO<sub>x</sub>and Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>nanoparticles (2014)

Small nanoparticles of nickel oxide and nickel hydroxide were investigated for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solutions. These nanoparticles showed excellent catalytic activity, giving a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) at overpotentials (η) of 300 and 330 mV for Ni(OH)(2) and NiO(x), respectively. The catalytic activity was comparable to that of the best mixed metal oxide catalysts under the same conditions. The activity was significantly higher than that of electrochemically formed Ni(OH)(2) and NiO(x) films, demonstrating the benefit of nanostructuring. Pretreatment of the working electrode was important for the activity and stability of the catalyst layer on the electrode.
On the charge storage and decay mechanism in silicon dioxide electrets (1992)

A mechanism for both the storage and the decay of charge in a charged silicon dioxide layer is proposed. The oxide layer needs neutral electron traps to obtain stable trapped negative charge, after having been charged, resulting in an electret that can be applied in microphones. The deprotonization of the silanol groups, followed by charge injection, results in an electrochemical reaction with immobile SiO/sup -/ as one of the reaction products. Decay of the stable charge thus obtained can occur by the clustering of water molecules at inner silanol groups, resulting in a conductive hydrogen bonded network, which eventually leads to the discharge of the electret. Measurement results are presented, showing a considerable decrease in surface conductivity, after having grafted the SiO/sub 2/ surface, resulting in covalently bonded, relatively long octadecyl silane chains.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Bartonella vinsonii</i>subsp.<i>arupensis</i>in Humans, Thailand (2012)

We identified Bartonella vinsonii subsp. arupensis in pre-enriched blood of 4 patients from Thailand. Nucleotide sequences for transfer-messenger RNA gene, citrate synthase gene, and the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer were identical or closely related to those for the strain that has been considered pathogenic since initially isolated from a human in Wyoming, USA.
Evidence and Implications of Mortality Associated with Acute Plasmodium vivax Malaria (2013)

Vivax malaria threatens patients despite relatively low-grade parasitemias in peripheral blood. The tenet of death as a rare outcome, derived from antiquated and flawed clinical classifications, disregarded key clinical evidence, including (i) high rates of mortality in neurosyphilis patients treated with vivax malaria; (ii) significant mortality from zones of endemicity; and (iii) the physiological threat inherent in repeated, very severe paroxysms in any patient, healthy or otherwise. The very well-documented course of this infection, with the exception of parasitemia, carries all of the attributes of "perniciousness" historically linked to falciparum malaria, including severe disease and fatal outcomes. A systematic analysis of the parasite biomass in severely ill patients that includes blood, marrow, and spleen may ultimately explain this historic misunderstanding. Regardless of how this parasite is pernicious, recent data demonstrate that the infection comes with a significant burden of morbidity and associated mortality. The extraordinary burden of malaria is not heavily weighted upon any single continent by a single species of parasite-it is a complex problem for the entire endemic world, and both species are of fundamental importance. Humanity must rally substantial resources, intellect, and energy to counter this daunting but profound threat.
Calcium et mucilage dans les feuilles de Adansonia digitata(Baobab) (1989)

Leaves of Adansonia digitata are currently ingested by certain west African populations, especially those whose diet is based on millet couscous. These leaves contain an important amount of mucilage (12%) that is supposed to have a harmful effect on food adsorption. As source of calcium, a fraction devoid of mucilage is proposed.RESUMELes feuilles d'Adansonia digitata sont couramment consommées par certaines populations de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, surtout par ceux dont la base de l'alimentation est le couscous de mil. Ces feuilles renferment une quantité importante de mucilage (12%) qui aurait une influence néfaste sur l'absorption des aliments. Comme source de calcium, une fraction dépourvue de mucilage est proposée.
Analysis and prediction of regulation in a multiple-output current-mode controlled DC-to-DC converter (1995)

A technique is developed for predicting the closed-loop steady state output voltage regulation of a multiple-output current-mode controlled converter. The proposed model accounts for the current loop, the voltage loop, and the integrator in the compensation scheme. This method allows tradeoffs with respect to regulation between different components or feedback configurations to be evaluated during the design of a converter. Experimental verification on a three-output current-mode controlled push-pull converter with single output voltage feedback is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Three-Dimensional Structure Design of Self-Motion Extension Antiriot Shield Based on SolidWorks (2014)

The antiriot shield is a type of individual protective equipment that was widely used in the process of dealing with the large-scale antiriots and unrests by the Armed Police Force. It has so many features that convenient for carrying and could effectively protect security for our majority officers and soldiers. However, the traditional riot shield has problem of smaller protection area. The paper is just aimed at solving this problem by using the three-dimensional mechanical designing software SolidWorks, having designed a new kind of automatically expanded riot shield which can be employed during in an emergency situation; the changes of this riot shield’s protection area could be realized by operators for controlling the automatically extended devices which were designed on the shield, this will effectively address the shortcomings that smaller protection area of the present shield, and it will provide a strong security for the majority of the Armed Police officers and soldiers in dealing with the large-scale mass incidents.
Cerebral Autoregulation and Flow/Metabolism Coupling during Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1987)

Measurement of 133Xe clearance and effluent cerebral venous blood sampling were used in 38 patients to determine the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass, and of maintaining temperature corrected or noncorrected PaCO2 at 40 mm Hg on regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and flow/metabolism coupling. After induction of anesthesia with diazepam and fentanyl, mean CBF was 25 ml·100 g−1·min−1 and cerebral oxygen consumption, 1.67 ml·100 g−1·min−1. Cerebral oxygen consumption during nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass at 26°C was reduced to 0.42 ml·100 g−1·min−1 in both groups. CBF was reduced to 14–15 ml·100 g−1·min−1 in the non-temperature-corrected group (n = 21), was independent of cerebral perfusion pressure over the range of 20–100 mm Hg, but correlated with cerebral oxygen consumption. In the temperature-corrected group (n = 17), CBF varied from 22 to 32 ml·100 g−1·min−1, and flow I metabolism coupling was not maintained (i.e., CBF and cerebral oxygen consumption varied independently). However, variation in CBF correlated significantly with cerebral perfusion pressure over the pressure range of 15–95 mm Hg. This study demonstrates a profound reduction in cerebral oxygen consumption during hypothermie non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. When a non-temperature-corrected PaCO2 of approximately 40 mm Hg was maintained, CBF was lower, and analysis of pooled data suggested that CBF regulation was better preserved, i.e., CBF was independent of pressure changes and dependent upon cerebral oxygen consumption.
pyAudioAnalysis: An Open-Source Python Library for Audio Signal Analysis (2015)

Audio information plays a rather important role in the increasing digital content that is available today, resulting in a need for methodologies that automatically analyze such content: audio event recognition for home automations and surveillance systems, speech recognition, music information retrieval, multimodal analysis (e.g. audio-visual analysis of online videos for content-based recommendation), etc. This paper presents pyAudioAnalysis, an open-source Python library that provides a wide range of audio analysis procedures including: feature extraction, classification of audio signals, supervised and unsupervised segmentation and content visualization. pyAudioAnalysis is licensed under the Apache License and is available at GitHub (https://github.com/tyiannak/pyAudioAnalysis/). Here we present the theoretical background behind the wide range of the implemented methodologies, along with evaluation metrics for some of the methods. pyAudioAnalysis has been already used in several audio analysis research applications: smart-home functionalities through audio event detection, speech emotion recognition, depression classification based on audio-visual features, music segmentation, multimodal content-based movie recommendation and health applications (e.g. monitoring eating habits). The feedback provided from all these particular audio applications has led to practical enhancement of the library.
Distributional Reinforcement Learning With Quantile Regression (2018)

In reinforcement learning (RL), an agent interacts with the environment by taking actions and observing the next state and reward. When sampled probabilistically, these state transitions, rewards, and actions can all induce randomness in the observed long-term return. Traditionally, reinforcement learning algorithms average over this randomness to estimate the value function. In this paper, we build on recent work advocating a distributional approach to reinforcement learning in which the distribution over returns is modeled explicitly instead of only estimating the mean. That is, we examine methods of learning the value distribution instead of the value function. We give results that close a number of gaps between the theoretical and algorithmic results given by Bellemare, Dabney, and Munos (2017). First, we extend existing results to the approximate distribution setting. Second, we present a novel distributional reinforcement learning algorithm consistent with our theoretical formulation. Finally, we evaluate this new algorithm on the Atari 2600 games, observing that it significantly outperforms many of the recent improvements on DQN, including the related distributional algorithm C51.
HLA-DQB1 codon 57 is critical for peptide binding and recognition. (1996)

The association of specific HLA-DQ alleles with autoimmunity is correlated with discrete polymorphisms in the HLA-DQ sequence that are localized within sites suitable for peptide recognition. The polymorphism at residue 57 of the DQB1 polypeptide is of particular interest since it may play a major structural role in the formation of a salt bridge structure at one end of the peptide-binding cleft of the DQ molecules. This polymorphism at residue 57 is a recurrent feature of HLA-DQ evolution, occurring in multiple distinct allelic families, which implies a functional selection for maintaining variation at this position in the class II molecule. We directly tested the amino acid polymorphism at this site as a determinant for peptide binding and for antigen-specific T cell stimulation. We found that a single Ala-->Asp amino acid 57 substitution in an HLA-DQ3.2 molecule regulated binding of an HSV-2 VP-16-derived peptide. A complementary single-residue substitution in the peptide abolished its binding to DQ3.2 and converted it to a peptide that can bind to DQ3.1 and DQ3.3 Asp-57-positive MHC molecules. These binding studies were paralleled by specific T cell recognition of the class II-peptide complex, in which the substituted peptide abolished T cell reactivity, which was directed to the DQ3.2-peptide complex, whereas the same T cell clone recognized the substituted peptide presented by DQ3.3, a class II restriction element differing from DQ3.2 only at residue 57. This structural and functional complementarity for residue 57 and a specific peptide residue identifies this interaction as a key controlling determinant of restricted recognition in HLA-DQ-specific immune response.
Adaptive subspace detectors (2001)

We use the theory of generalized likelihood ratio tests (GLRTs) to adapt the matched subspace detectors (MSDs) of Scharf (1991) and of Scharf and Frielander (1994) to unknown noise covariance matrices. In so doing, we produce adaptive MSDs that may be applied to signal detection for radar, sonar, and data communication. We call the resulting detectors adaptive subspace detectors (ASDs). These include Kelly's (1987) GLRT and the adaptive cosine estimator (ACE) of Kaurt and Scharh (see ibid., vol.47, p.2538-41, 1999) and of Scharf and McWhorter (see Proc. 30th Asilomar Conf. Signals, Syst., Comput., Pacific Grove, CA, 1996) for scenarios in which the scaling of the test data may deviate from that of the training data. We then present a unified analysis of the statistical behavior of the entire class of ASDs, obtaining statistically identical decompositions in which each ASD is simply decomposed into the nonadaptive matched filter, the nonadaptive cosine or t-statistic, and three other statistically independent random variables that account for the performance-degrading effects of limited training data.
Nanocellulose: a promising nanomaterial for advanced electrochemical energy storage (2018)

Nanocellulose from various kinds of sources and nanocellulose-derived materials have been developed for electrochemical energy storage, including supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and sodium-ion batteries.
The motion of 180° domain walls in uniform dc magnetic fields (1974)

The equations of motion of a 180° domain wall in an infinite uniaxially anisotropic medium which is exposed to an instantaneously applied uniform dc magnetic field H0 have been integrated numerically. Below the critical field Hc =2παM0 (α is the Gilbert loss parameter and M0 the saturation magnetization), where a steady-state solution is known to exist, it is shown that the wall motion tends smoothly to this solution. Above Hc, the magnetization precesses about the field and a periodic component appears in the forward motion of the wall. Analytic solutions for the wall motion have been found based upon approximations suggested by the computed behavior; these reproduce the computer results very accurately.
Mapping Hierarchical Sources into RDF Using the RML Mapping Language (2014)

Incorporating structured data in the Linked Data cloud is still complicated, despite the numerous existing tools. In particular, hierarchical structured data (e.g., JSON) are underrepresented, due to their processing complexity. A uniform mapping formalization for data in different formats, which would enable reuse and exchange between tools and applied data, is missing. This paper describes a novel approach of mapping heterogeneous and hierarchical data sources into RDF using the RML mapping language, an extension over R2RML (the W3C standard for mapping relational databases into RDF). To facilitate those mappings, we present a toolset for producing RML mapping files using the Karma data modelling tool, and for consuming them using a prototype RML processor. A use case shows how RML facilitates the mapping rules' definition and execution to map several heterogeneous sources.
A novel concept of dielectrophoretic engine oil filter (2011)

A novel concept of an alternating current (AC) dielectrophoretic filter with a three-dimensional electrode array is presented. A filter is constructed by winding into layers around the core tube two sheets of woven metal wire-mesh with several sheets of woven insulating wire-mesh sandwiched in between. Contrary to conventional dielectrophoretic devices, the proposed design of electrodes generates a high-gradient field over a large working volume by applying several hundred volts at a standard frequency of 60 Hz. The operating principle of filtration is based on our recently developed method of AC dielectrophoretic gating for microfluidics. The filtration efficiency is expressed in terms of two non-dimensional parameters, which describe the combined influence of the particle polarizability and size, the oil viscosity and flow rate, and the field gradient on the particle captivity. The proof-of-concept is tested by measuring the single-pass performance of two filters on positively polarized particles dispersed in engine oil: spherical glass beads, fused aluminum oxide powder, and silicon metal powder, all smaller than the mesh opening. The results obtained are used to consider the potential of using AC dielectrophoretic filtration and provide critical design guidelines for the development of a filter based on the retention capability of challenge particles.
Predictive Current Control for Multilevel Active Rectifiers With Reduced Switching Frequency (2008)

In this paper, a new low-frequency predictive current control is proposed for a single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel rectifier. The control method has been fully investigated with theoretical analysis, simulation, and experiments on a laboratory prototype with five series-connected H-bridges. However, the analysis and technique are valid for any general level structure. The simulations and experimental results presented demonstrate the excellent performance of the predictive control in terms of AC current waveform quality, power factor, and reduced switching frequency of each bridge, in comparison to traditional control schemes.
Development of Miniature Needle-Type Hydrophone with Lead Zirconate Titanate Polycrystalline Film Deposited by Hydrothermal Method (2006)

A needle-type miniature hydrophone was developed using hydrothermally deposited lead zirconate titanate (PZT) polycrystalline films on a titanium (Ti) wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm in this study. Two types of hydrophones were fabricated as a trial for this paper. One is a hydrophone with hydrothermally deposited PZT polycrystalline films on the end surface and side surface near the end of the Ti wire. The other one is a hydrophone with hydrothermally deposited PZT polycrystalline films only on the end surface of the Ti wire. We measured the frequency characteristics of the relative receiving sensitivity and directivity of the fabricated hydrophones. The frequency characteristics of the relative receiving sensitivities of the fabricated hydrophone type A or B were measured in the frequency range from 1 to 20 MHz. Our hydrophone with deposited PZT films on the end and side faces of the Ti wire had problems in the directivity of relative receiving sensitivity. The relative sensitivity of the side direction was higher than that of the front direction. The directivity of our hydrophone with hydrothermally deposited PZT films only on the end surface of the Ti wire was improved remarkably.
Registration Process of Laser Scan Data in the Field of Deformation Monitoring (2015)

Terrestrial laser scanning is a new method for monitoring the deformation of complicated objects. In contrast to the classical technology, no discrete identical points are available to compare. This problem can be solved if parts of the point cloud are grouped and the points in these groups are seen as representatives of a parameterized surface. An example for such a proceeding is the use of target spheres for the registration of scans. The radius of the spheres is known and the centre point coordinates can be calculated by a best-fit algorithm. These coordinates can then be introduced in a classical transformation calculation using identical points. However, such an approach has crucial disadvantages. First, it is necessary to use artificial targets and it can be of high effort to place these targets. Secondly, only a very small part of the redundancy contained in overlapping scans is used for the calculation. The resulting accuracy of the orientation parameters is therefore often not sufficient for detecting deformations. In this study, we compare scans of an object, where the possible deformation is in the order of the measurement noise. For that reason registration of point, cloud data is of great importance. The accuracy of different methods for registration and co-registration is presented.
Homodyne optical fiber dynamic light scattering (2001)

Optical fiber homodyne dynamic light scattering employs both the advantage of a sensitivity improvement over the standard self-beating technique and the inherent self-aligning simplicity of the optics. Ultralow concentrations of approximately nanometer-sized particles become accessible by dynamic light-scattering techniques.
A Biodegradable Polydopamine‐Derived Electrode Material for High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries (2016)

Polydopamine (PDA), which is biodegradable and is derived from naturally occurring products, can be employed as an electrode material, wherein controllable partial oxidization plays a key role in balancing the proportion of redox-active carbonyl groups and the structural stability and conductivity. Unexpectedly, the optimized PDA derivative endows lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) or sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with superior electrochemical performances, including high capacities (1818 mAh g(-1) for LIBs and 500 mAh g(-1) for SIBs) and good stable cyclabilities (93 % capacity retention after 580 cycles for LIBs; 100 % capacity retention after 1024 cycles for SIBs), which are much better than those of their counterparts with conventional binders.