gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The optical properties of porcine nasal cartilage (1999)

Optical absorption and scattering coefficients have been determined for fresh and cryopreserved porcine nasal cartilage at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. Total transmission measurements were made on thin cryopreserved and fresh specimens. Cryopreserved tissue was sectioned while frozen using a microtome. Native thin fresh specimens were obtained from cartilage tissue at the junction of the cartilagenous septum and maxillary crest. Diffuse reflectance and transmittance measurements were performed on thick tissue specimens using standard integrating sphere techniques. Monte Carlo computer simulations were performed to obtain absorption and scattering coefficients, as well as the mean cosine of the scattering angle. The optical properties of porcine nasal cartilage are characterized by low absorption and high scatter. Absorption coefficients are 0.14/spl plusmn/0.05 and 0.17/spl plusmn/0.07 cm/sup -1/ for cryopreserved and fresh tissue, respectively. The corresponding cryopreserved and fresh tissue scattering coefficients are 304/spl plusmn/47 and 297/spl plusmn/68 cm/sup -1/. The scattered light is highly forward peaked as indicated by the mean cosine of the scattering angle; 0.973/spl plusmn/0.005 and 0.967/spl plusmn/0.013 for cryopreserved and fresh tissue, respectively. The results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference between the optical properties of fresh and cryopreserved porcine nasal cartilage.
Automatically Generating Malware Summary Using Semantic Behavior Graphs (SBGs) (2020)

In malware behavior analysis, there are limitations in the analysis method of control flow and data flow. Researchers analyzed data flow by dynamic taint analysis tools, however, it cost a lot. In this paper, we proposed a method of generating malware summary based on semantic behavior graphs (SBGs, Semantic Behavior Graphs) to address this issue. In this paper, we considered various situation where behaviors be capable of being associated, thus an algorithm of generating semantic behavior graphs was given firstly. Semantic behavior graphs are composed of behavior nodes and associated data edges. Then, we extracted behaviors and logical relationships between behaviors from semantic behavior graphs, and finally generated a summary of malware behaviors with true intension. Experimental results showed that our approach can effectively identify and describe malicious behaviors and generate accurate behavior summary.
Neurofilament heavy chain side arm phosphorylation regulates axonal transport of neurofilaments (2003)

Neurofilaments possess side arms that comprise the carboxy-terminal domains of neurofilament middle and heavy chains (NFM and NFH); that of NFH is heavily phosphorylated in axons. Here, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of NFH side arms is a mechanism for regulating transport of neurofilaments through axons. Mutants in which known NFH phosphorylation sites were mutated to preclude phosphorylation or mimic permanent phosphorylation display altered rates of transport in a bulk transport assay. Similarly, application of roscovitine, an inhibitor of the NFH side arm kinase Cdk5/p35, accelerates neurofilament transport. Analyses of neurofilament movement in transfected living neurons demonstrated that a mutant mimicking permanent phosphorylation spent a higher proportion of time pausing than one that could not be phosphorylated. Thus, phosphorylation of NFH slows neurofilament transport, and this is due to increased pausing in neurofilament movement.
Processing, Properties and Arc Jet Testing of HfB2/SiC (2004)

Contents include the following: Background on Ultra High Temperature Ceramics - UHTCs. Summary UNTC processing: power processing, scale-up. Preliminary material properties: mechanical, thermal. Arc jet testing: flat face models, cone models. Summary.
Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1 Is Overexpressed in Uterine Leiomyomas, Associated with a High Estrogenic Environment and Unrelated to Proliferative Activity (2002)

Secreted frizzled related protein 1 (sFRP1) is a modulator of Wnt signaling. Recently, aberrations of Wnt signaling were reported to be involved in the pathology of various human neoplasms. We investigated the expression and function of sFRP1 in uterine leiomyomas. Secreted FRP1 expression was increased in leiomyomas, compared with normal myometrium using Northern and Western blot analyses. Expression was strongest in the late follicular phase (high estrogenic milieu) of the menstrual cycle. Interestingly, expression was negligible in leiomyomas treated with GnRH agonist. Expression was also prominent in cells during E2 treatment, serum deprivation, and hypoxia. Moreover, induction of apoptosis by serum deprivation in a leiomyosarcoma cell line was enhanced by antisense inhibition of sFRP1. These results suggest that sFRP1 expression was associated with uterine leiomyomas, particularly under high estrogenic conditions. Secreted FRP1 expression was not associated with cell proliferation but rather occurred during cell protection against apoptosis in vitro. Strong sFRP1 expression under high estrogenic conditions seems to contribute to the development of uterine leiomyomas through the antiapoptotic effect of sFRP1, which appear to be independent of cell proliferation.
FOCUS-PLUS-CONTEXT DISPLAYS FOR AUDIO INTERACTION (2007)

We present an audio browsing and editing paradigm that incorporates the “focus plus context ” visual interaction metaphor. A traditional waveform is displayed in full, and an area of focus is dynamically re-calculated to provide maximum detail in-focus and minimum detail in-context. The interaction metaphor also simultaneously re-scales a frequency-domain display, with increased detail available in both time and frequency domains by means of sub-sampling and window overlap. Various methods for se-lecting focus, identifying focus, and transitioning between the focus and context display areas are presented, and ad-vantages for typical audio interaction applications are dis-cussed. 1.
Structural and functional photoacoustic molecular tomography aided by emerging contrast agents (2014)

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) can offer structural, functional and molecular contrasts at scalable observation level. By ultrasonically overcoming the strong optical scattering, this imaging technology can reach centimeters penetration depth while retaining high spatial resolution in biological tissue. Recent extensive research has been focused on developing new contrast agents to improve the imaging sensitivity, specificity and efficiency. These emerging materials have substantially accelerated PAT applications in signal sensing, functional imaging, biomarker labeling and therapy monitoring etc. Here, the potentials of different optical probes as PAT contrast agents were elucidated. We first describe the instrumental embodiments and the measured functional parameters, then focus on emerging contrast agent-based PAT applications, and finally discuss the challenges and prospects.
Dolby Audio Coding for Future Entertainment Formats (2005)

Since its invention by Thomas Edison more than 100 years ago, 35 mm film—and the picture and audio experience it produces—has been revitalized countless times. Without a doubt, the introduction of the 1976 hit A Star Is Born in multichannel Dolby Surround sound redefined the big screen experience. And with its effective use a year later in the blockbusters Star Wars and Close Encounters of the Third Kind, surround sound brought a new degree of realism to the cinema experience. Soon after, Dolby Surround would quickly find its way into the world of home entertainment.
<title>Microchannel Plates In Low-Light-Level High-Speed Imaging Systems</title> (1984)

Glass microchannel plates were originally developed for night-vision service, and have become widely used in cathode rays tubes, mass specrometers, ultraviolet spectrometers and telescopes, and in plasma diagnostics. Recent advances in microchannel plate design and manufacture now offer a plate with the image dimensions, spatial resolution, sensitivity, and response time needed in aerial reconnaissance.
UUT and model data for multiple test-techniques (2003)

Techniques for constructing a single description of the unit under test (UUT) for use with multiple test methods are proposed. They conclude a consistent user interface, a set of library and model tools, and a coherent set of data structures. The board and library software provide: an interface for use in bulk loading of board data; interactive software tools to allow modification and correction of the board and device descriptions; mechanisms for test preparation tools to be used to select data from the library; and facilities to allow the user to create special versions of models for use in the preparation and running of test data for a single board.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Daptomycin versus Vancomycin in Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Meningitis in an Experimental Rabbit Model (2013)

In this study, we aimed to compare the antibacterial activities of daptomycin and vancomycin in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) meningitis (induced by MRSA strain ATCC 43300) in an experimental rabbit meningitis model. After an 8-h period of treatment, bacterial counts decreased significantly in both treatment groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups. Our results suggest that the antibacterial activity of daptomycin is similar to vancomycin for treatment in the experimental MRSA meningitis model in rabbits.
Effects of Tuned Circuits upon a Frequency Modulated Signal (1937)

Prior investigations indicated that the frequency modulated receiver would always respond to the signal having the largest amplitude. Thus, selective circuits would be required to pick out a desired signal existing simultaneously with a number of other signals. The first item considered in this paper is that the signal carrier is tuned to the steep side of the resonance curve. It is found that in this case conversion from frequency modulation into amplitude modulation can be effected. It is required that the amplitude and phase characteristic of the circuit be linear with respect to frequency over the whole frequency interval occupied by the modulated signal. In order to derive a faithful audio signal reproduction from the complete detection process, a phase modulated signal must be transformed into frequency modulation first. Next, the case is considered in which the signal carrier is tuned to the peak of the resonance curve. The single tuned circuit is taken up first and two methods of solution are presented. It is found that with certain values of the modulation index, the tuned circuit may cause very serious nonlinear distortion of the output. For large values of the modulation index the resulting variation in amplitude and frequency can be determined statically, while for very small values of the modulation index the effect of the tuned circuit is exactly analogous to that encountered with amplitude modulation.
Informativeness of Structured Diagnostic Interviews in the Identification of Tourette's Disorder in Referred Youth (2000)

Although specialized programs have greatly advanced the treatment of youth with Tourette's disorder (TD), not all children with TD reach such programs, raising questions as to whether TD is adequately identified outside specialized settings. There is thus a need for evidence that cases identified in the nonspecialty setting are "true cases." Because structured diagnostic interview methodology can reduce errors of omission, this approach can facilitate the identification of TD in referred youth outside specialized programs. Similarities between cases ascertained in specialty and nonspecialty settings would suggest that those identified in the nonspecialty setting were indeed "true cases." Comparisons were made between youth with TD ascertained through a specialized TD program who had both a structured diagnostic interview-derived diagnosis of TD plus an expert evaluation of TD (N = 103), with youth ascertained through a non-TD specialized pediatric psychopharmacology program who had a structured diagnostic interview-derived diagnosis of TD (N = 92). Irrespective of ascertainment source, children with structured interview-derived diagnosis of TD shared similar correlates in terms of tic severity, mean age of onset and duration of tics, as well as patterns of comorbidity well known to be associated with TD in clinical samples. Children meeting diagnostic criteria for TD on structured diagnostic interviews share similarities and patterns of clinical correlates, irrespective of ascertainment through a specialized TD or non-TD specialized clinic. These findings support the usefulness of structured diagnostic interview methodology as a diagnostic aid for the identification of TD in non-TD specialized settings and facilitate delineation of patterns of comorbidity.
SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION THROUGH MODULATION OF CHAOS (1993)

In this letter we demonstrate experimentally how Chua’s circuits can be used to implement a secure communication system. This system is compared to another system proposed earlier. This system has the advantage of transmitting a spread spectrum signal and is also more secure in the sense that better parameter matching is required in order to recover the signal. Furthermore, there is less of a problem with loss of synchronization.
Effect of a single exposure to ultraviolet radiation on <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection in mice. (1989)

BALB/c and C3H mice were exposed on the dorsal skin to 45 kJ/m2 of UVB radiation from FS-40 sunlamps 3 days before infection with 1 x 10(6) live units of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (Tice strain) in the footpad. At regular intervals, groups of mice were tested for a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to the purified protein derivative (PPD) of tubercle bacilli, and the course of infection was monitored by measuring the size of the infected footpad, enlargement of the draining lymph node, and the number of bacteria in the spleen and lymph node. In both strains the DTH response to PPD was significantly delayed in UV-treated mice compared to unirradiated mice, when tested 21 and 42 days after BCG infection. By day 50, no significant difference was detected in the DTH response between irradiated and unirradiated mice. UV treatment reduced the size of the lymph node draining the site of BCG infection in both strains of mice and the size of the infected footpad in C3H mice but not in BALB/c mice. In both strains of mice the total number of bacteria in the spleen and the draining lymph node increased after UV irradiation. When irradiated 3, 5, 18, or 21 days after BCG infection, BALB/c mice also showed a significant decrease in their DTH response to PPD, indicating that the UV-induced suppression of BCG occurs both at the induction and the elicitation stages of the immune response. Thus, mice exposed to a single dose of UV radiation either before or after BCG infection showed an impaired DTH response to mycobacteria, which was accompanied by an increase in the multiplication of bacteria in the tissues, even though the organisms were introduced at an unirradiated site. These studies demonstrate that a systemic effect of UV irradiation can interfere with the development and expression of immunity to pathogenic bacteria in mice.
Remote Access to Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Devices Utilizing the Atom Publishing Protocol (2007)

The universal plug and play (UPnP) Forum has specified protocols which enable consumer electronics devices, computers and smart appliances to discover and use each other's services. This is possible when devices are connected to the same network, usually that being a home network. Currently, UPnP does not specify any method for remotely accessing the services of home devices, from devices that are connected on another, external, network. In this paper we propose a solution that utilizes web syndication protocols, such as the IETF Atom, for enabling remote usage of UPnP devices, without major modifications to the end-user UPnP applications.
Structure of liquid Na-Sn alloys (1983)

Neutron diffraction measurements of liquid Na-Sn alloys provide evidence for appreciable ordering in the liquid. At small Sn concentrations (about 20 at.%) the liquid is similar to a simple ionic mixture with maximum distance between the negatively charged Sn atoms. At higher Sn concentrations, the Sn atoms tend to form aggregates, perhaps in the form of tetrahedra of covalently bonded Sn atoms. Elements of the solid structure seem to be preserved in the liquid state.
Common structural elements in the architecture of the cofactor-binding domains in unrelated families of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes (1999)

A detailed comparison of the structures of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine race-mase, the beta subunit of tryptophan synthase, D-amino acid aminotransferase and glycogen phosphorylase has revealed more extensive structural similarities among pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-binding domains in these enzymes than was observed previously. These similarities consist of seven common structural segments of the polypeptide chain, which form an extensive common structural organization of the backbone chain responsible for the appropriate disposition of key residues, some from the aligned fragments and some from variable loops joined to these fragments, interacting with PLPs in these enzymes. This common structural organization contains an analogous hydrophobic minicore formed from four amino acid side chains present in the two most conserved structural elements. In addition, equivalent alpha-beta-alpha-beta supersecondary structures are formed by these seven fragments in three of the five structures: alanine racemase, tryptophan synthase and glycogen phosphorylase. Despite these similarities, it is generally accepted that these proteins do not share a common heritage, but have arisen on five separate occasions. The common and contiguous alpha-beta-alpha-beta structure accounts for only 28 residues and all five enzymes differ greatly in both the orientation of the PLP pyridoxal rings and their contacts with residues close to the common structural elements.
Relaxation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-ll Gene Imprinting in Human Gynecologic Tumors (1997)

To test for the existence of genomic imprinting in human gynecologic tumors, we analyzed the allelic expression of human insulin-growth factor-II (IGF-II) genes. Genomic imprinting is the parental allele-specific expressions of genes, and recently imprinting of IGF-II gene has demonstrated that parental IGF-II was monoallelically expressed. To study whether IGF-II gene imprinting occurs in human gynecologic tumors, we examined allele-specific expression using an ApaI polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of IGF-II gene exon 9. We used 19 gynecologic tumor cell lines, and 66 human gynecologic tumors. Four of 19 cell lines (21%) were informative, and three of these four cell lines (75%) revealed loss of imprinting (LOI). For gynecologic tumors, 24 of 66 were informative (36%), and 5 of the 24 (21%) had LOI. We have reported here that the IGF-II gene is expressed biallelically in some gynecologic tumors. We suggest that LOI of the IGF-II gene is involved in the development of some gynecologic tumors.
The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Differential Diagnosis of Polypoid Lesions of the Gallbladder: an Update (2021)

clinical ultrasound (endoscopic ultrasonography, EUS) (ultrasonography, US) . US 3.5-5 MHz , EUS (7.5-12 MHz)
Influence of Airflow on Laboratory Storage of High Moisture Corn Stover (2014)

Storing high moisture biomass for bioenergy use is a reality in many areas of the country where wet harvest conditions and environmental factors prevent dry storage from being feasible. Aerobic storage of high moisture biomass leads to microbial degradation and self-heating, but oxygen limitation can aid in material preservation. To understand the influence of oxygen presence on high moisture biomass (50 %, wet basis), three airflow rates were tested on corn stover stored in laboratory reactors. Temperature, carbon dioxide production, dry matter loss, chemical composition, fungal abundance, pH, and organic acids were used to monitor the effects of airflow on storage conditions. The results of this work indicate that oxygen availability impacts both the duration of self-heating and the severity of dry matter loss. High airflow systems experienced the greatest initial rates of loss but a shortened microbially active period that limited total dry matter loss (19 %). Intermediate airflow had improved preservation in short-term storage compared to high airflow systems but accumulated the greatest dry matter loss over time (up to 27 %) as a result of an extended microbially active period. Low airflow systems displayed the best performance with the lowest rates of loss and total loss (10 %) in storage at 50 days. Total structural sugar levels of the stored material were preserved, although glucan enrichment and xylan loss were documented in the high and intermediate flow conditions. By understanding the role of oxygen availability on biomass storage performance, the requirements for high moisture storage solutions may begin to be experimentally defined.
Automatic Construction and Ranking of Topical Keyphrases on Collections of Short Documents (2014)

We introduce a framework for topical keyphrase generation and ranking, based on the output of a topic model run on a collection of short documents. By shifting from the unigramcentric traditional methods of keyphrase extraction and ranking to a phrase-centric approach, we are able to directly compare and rank phrases of different lengths. Our method defines a function to rank topical keyphrases so that more highly ranked keyphrases are considered to be more representative phrases for that topic. We study the performance of our framework on multiple real world document collections, and also show that it is more scalable than comparable phrase-generating models.
High resolution optical time domain reflectometry and its applications (1988)

High resolution Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) measurements have recently allowed spatial resolutions of less than one millimeter. These capabilities indicate that OTDR techniques may be suitable for non-conventional applications such as the determination of fiber strain. This thesis presents an investigation of how high resolution OTDR techniques can be used in such applications. The concept of fiber segmentation via partially reflective optical splices for local strain measurements is discussed both from a theoretical and practical standpoint. Experimental results demonstrating the feasibility of such local strain measurements are also given. Another part of this investigation considers the practical details of the proposed strain measurement technique, addressing such topics as launching conditions, and environmental factors. Possible applications of the local strain measurement techniques, such as two- and three-dimensional stress analysis, and strain determination of fiber optic cables, are also presented. These applications also include the development of small, easy to manufacture elastomeric optical splices, which were shown to yield acceptable performance < 0.2 dB losses) for multimode fibers.
Synthese der beiden steroisomeren 2‐Carboxy‐adamantanone‐(4) (1967)

Abstract Ausgehend von 2‐Carboxy‐adamantandion‐(4.8) ( 1a ) wurde durch partielle Reduktion mit NaBH 4 , anschliebßende Clemmensen‐Reduktion und Oxydation ein 2‐CArboxy‐adamantanon‐(4) ( 6a ) erhalten. Sein Epimeres ( 15a ) ließ sich über die Lactone 8 und 9 der vollständig mit Borant reduzierten Ausgangsverbindung auf änhliche Weise darstellen. Die Konfiguration der Mono‐ und Dihydroxyverbindungen wurde chemisch und NMR‐spektroskopisch bestimmt.