gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Approach Based on Fuzzy Ahp and Grey Relational Analysis for Heating Source Selection (2017)

Decision making has always been difficult for enterprises in an extremely competitive environment. It is one of the toughest decisions to select heating source source. It is difficult to take into consideration factors such as quality of energy source, pollution degree of environment, attainability, sustainability. Due to this hardship, Multi criteria decision making method is beneficial for solving such kind of problems. Grey relational analysis and fuzzy AHP are efficient methods of multiple criteria decision making. In this paper, the best heating source source selection has been carried out by fuzzy AHP integrated grey relational analysis. In the phase of determining criteria weights is used by fuzzy AHP, while determining ranking of alternatives, grey relational analysis is used. The criteria used in this study are ecofriendly level, cost, attainability, calorific value and process ability. The alternatives used in this study are coal, natural gas, diesel and electricity. Out comes show that Grey Relational Analysis can be used successfully in the process of solving heating source selection problems
The Efficiency of Equity-Linked Compensation: Understanding the Full Cost of Awarding Executive Stock Options (2001)

To properly align incentives using equity-linked compensation, the firm’s managers must be exposed to firm-specific risks, but this forced concentrated exposure prevents the manager from optimal portfolio diversification. Because undiversified managers are exposed to the firm’s total risk, but rewarded (through expected returns) for only the systematic portion of that risk, managers will value stock or option-based compensation at less than its market value. This paper derives a method to measure this deadweight cost, which empirically can be quite large: managers at the average NYSE firm who have their entire wealth invested in the firm value their options at 70% of their market value, while undiversified managers at rapidly growing, entrepreneurially-based firms, such as Internet-based firms, value their option-based compensation at only 53% of its cost to the firm. These estimates prompt questions of whether compensation plans in such firms are weighted too heavily towards incentive-alignment to be cost effective.
DELAYED THINNING OF THICK EGG WHITE DURING STORAGE IN EGGS PRODUCED BY ACIDOTIC HENS (1976)

The thick white fraction of albumen obtained from acidotic eggs liquefies less rapidly than the corresponding fraction of control eggs. This reduced liquefaction is accompanied by main- tenance of pH and divalent cation content of albumen during egg storage, while these two parameters increase or decrease, respectively, in normal eggs.
Ligation of B7-1/B7-2 by Human CD4+ T Cells Triggers Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity in Dendritic Cells (2004)

Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) are capable of expressing the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which allows them to suppress Ag-driven proliferation of T cells in vitro. In DCs that express IDO, the activity of the enzyme is tightly regulated, with the protein being constitutively expressed, but functional activity requiring an additional set of triggering signals supplied during Ag presentation. We now show that triggering of functional IDO obligately requires ligation of B7-1/B7-2 molecules on the DCs by CTLA4/CD28 expressed on T cells. When this interaction was disrupted, IDO remained in the inactive state, and the DCs were unable to inhibit T cell proliferation. Inhibition could be fully restored by direct Ab-mediated cross-linking of B7-1/B7-2. Although both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were susceptible to inhibition once IDO was induced, the ability to trigger functionally active IDO was strictly confined to the CD4(+) subset. Thus, the ability of CD4(+) T cells to induce IDO activity in DCs allowed the CD4(+) population to dominantly inhibit proliferation of the CD8(+) population via the bridge of a conditioned DC. We hypothesize that IDO activation via engagement of B7-1/B7-2 molecules on DCs, specifically, engagement by CTLA4 expressed on regulatory CD4(+) T cells, may function as a physiologic regulator of T cell responses in vivo.
Self-sintering-assisted high intergranular connectivity in ball-milled<i>ex situ</i>MgB<sub>2</sub>bulks (2014)

To understand the mechanisms leading to higher intergranular connectivity in polycrystalline ex situ MgB2 prepared using a pressure-less self-sintering technique, the influence of the initial particle size of the MgB2 powder was investigated. MgB2 bulks sintered at 900 °C for 24 h using ball-milled powders exhibited a network structure with both qualitatively and quantitatively improved intergranular couplings. The connectivity calculated using normal-state transport measurements reached a high value of ~40%, which is comparable to that of MgB2 bulks fabricated via Mg diffusion or high-pressure-assisted processes. Moreover, the sintering time required to achieve a reasonably high connectivity of 25–30% was less than 1 h. Notably, microstructural analyses confirmed the formation of intergranular necks and grain boundaries during the early stage of sintering. These results suggested self-sintering of the ball-milled MgB2 bulks proceeded much more rapidly than those sintered using an MgB2 powder without ball-milling. Increased intergranular contact points and decreased gap length between grains in green compact are assumed to be the origins for the stimulated self-sintering and corresponding increase in the electrical connectivity.
Gamma‐, photo‐, and thermally‐initiated oxidation of isotactic polypropylene (1993)

Abstract The detailed oxidation products have been identified and compared from the γ‐, photo‐, and thermally‐initiated oxidation of unstabilized polypropylene films. Products were identified and quantified by a combination of iodometric analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Spectral resolution was enhanced by derivatization reactions which allow the quantification of primary, secondary, and tertiary hydroperoxide and alcohol groups as well as more reliable analysis of carbonyl species. In contrast to polyethylene oxidation which yields predominantly ketone with lesser amounts of secondary hydroperoxide and carboxylic acid, polypropylene oxidizes to give predominantly tertiary hydroperoxide and lesser quantities of secondary hydroperoxide and ketone. In addition carboxylic acid groups are a minor product except at high degrees of thermal and photoinitiated oxidation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the use of per-antenna rate and power adaptation in V-BLAST systems for protocol performance improvement (2002)

In this paper we address the issue of optimizing the performance of data-link and transport protocols running on a system including multiple transmit and receive antennas with a V-BLAST architecture. More specifically, we explore the possibility of adaptively selecting the antenna transmit powers in order to maximize the number of data packets successfully delivered through the system. This is a novel approach with respect to the recent literature which is generally focused on channel capacity optimization. We show that the use of this power adaptation technique, when a TCP protocol is running over the link, leads to significant throughput improvements especially at small signal-to-noise ratios.
Partitioned HBM test — A new method to perform HBM tests on complex devices (2005)

The partitioned HBM test is a new method to test complex devices with a high number of domains. By splitting the test into well defined sections overstress due to multi-zapping is reduced. All design relevant failures are addressed and only non-instructional multi-zapping induced failures are avoided. Furthermore the clear structure of the applied stress allows finding the root cause of the failures easily.
Optimal Investment with Stock Repurchase and Financing as Signals (1989)

Journal Article Optimal Investment with Stock Repurchase and Financing as Signals Get access George M Constantinides, George M Constantinides University of Chicago, Chicago, USA and NBER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bruce D Grundy Bruce D Grundy Stanford University, Stanford, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Financial Studies, Volume 2, Issue 4, October 1989, Pages 445–465, https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/2.4.445 Published: 05 May 2015
Transposed saphenous vein arteriovenous fistula revisited: new technology for an old idea (2002)

Patients without renal function are living longer than in the past, and the provision of dialysis access is a growing problem. The distal end of the greater saphenous vein can be anastomosed to the femoral artery, creating a transposed saphenous vein thigh arteriovenous fistula, which offers the theoretical advantages of autologous conduit and a native venous 'anastomosis.' This is a rarely performed procedure, however, in part because of the morbidity of vein harvest and the risk of groin infection. We have been favorably impressed by the reduction in morbidity and wound infection following endoscopic vein harvest for lower extremity bypass, and believe that the success of this technique merits a reevaluation of this procedure.
<i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Enantioselective Mannich Reactions with α-Aryloxyacetaldehydes (2009)

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) catalyze a new Mannich-type reaction to form beta-amino acid derivatives in high yield and enantioselectivity. The reaction is initiated by the addition of an NHC to an alpha-aryloxyaldehyde followed by elimination of a phenoxide anion which generates an enol/enolate. A Mannich addition to a tosylimine proceeds with excellent control over enantioselectivity. In a new carbene catalysis concept, catalyst regeneration is promoted by return, or rebound, and acylation of the phenoxide group which served as the activating component in the first step of the catalytic cycle. The activated ester products formed in situ are manipulated to form a variety of useful compounds including beta-amino acids, beta-amino amides, and peptides.
Benchmarking with TPC-H on Off-the-Shelf Hardware - An Experiments Report (2012)

Most medium-sized enterprises run their databases on inexpensive off-the-shelf hardware; still, answers to quite complex queries, like ad-hoc Decision Support System (DSS) ones, are required within a reasonable time window. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important that the chosen database system and its tuning be optimal for the specific database size and design. Such optimization could occur in-house, based on tests with academic database benchmarks adapted to the small-scale, easy-to-use requirements of a medium-sized enterprise. This paper focuses on industry standard TPC-H database benchmark that aims at measuring the performance of ad-hoc DSS queries. Since the only available TPC-H results feature large databases and run on high-end hardware, we attempt to assess whether the standard test is meaningfully downscalable and can be performed on off-the-shelf hardware, common in medium-sized enterprises. We present in detail the benchmark and the steps that a non-expert must take to run a benchmark test following the TPC-H specifications. In addition, we report our own benchmark tests, comparing an open-source and a commercial database server running on off-the-shelf inexpensive hardware under a number of equivalent configurations, varying parameters that affect the performance of DSS queries.
THE CUT-OFF WAVELENGHTS AND POWER-VOLTAGE IMPEDANCES OF COMPOSITE WAVEGUIDES FOR THE FUNDAMENTAL MODE (1961)

The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to solve the eigenvalue problem for electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide of a non-simple cross section. The method is applied to obtain the cut-off wavelength and the power-voltage impedance for the fundamental mode (that equivalent to the H10 mode in rectangular waveguide and the H11 mode in circular waveguide for a waveguide with semicircular side walls and flat top and bottom walls, and for a truncated-circular waveguide. Numerical results are given for both waveguides, and supporting experimental evidence is adduced for the waveguide with semicircular sides and flat top and bottom walls, for aspect ratios of 0.302 and 0.702. The cut-off wavelengths obtained are within 3% while the power-voltage impedances are within 6% of their respective exact values. (Author)
Covariate Analysis of QTc and T-Wave Morphology: New Possibilities in the Evaluation of Drugs That Affect Cardiac Repolarization (2010)

This study adds the dimension of a T-wave morphology composite score (MCS) to the QTc interval-based evaluation of drugs that affect cardiac repolarization. Electrocardiographic recordings from 62 subjects on placebo and 400 mg moxifloxacin were compared with those from 21 subjects on 160 and 320 mg D,L-sotalol. T-wave morphology changes, as assessed by DeltaMCS, are larger after 320 mg D,L-sotalol than after 160 mg D,L-sotalol; and the changes associated with 160 mg D,L-sotalol are, in turn, larger than those associated with moxifloxacin and placebo. Covariate analyses of DeltaQTc and DeltaMCS showed that changes in T-wave morphology are a significant effect of D,L-sotalol. By contrast, moxifloxacin was found to have no significant effect on T-wave morphology (DeltaMCS) at any given change in QTc. This study offers new insights into the repolarization behavior of a drug associated with low cardiac risk vs. one associated with a high risk and describes the added benefits of a T-wave MCS as a covariate to the assessment of the QTc interval.
Visible-Light-Mediated Utilization of α-Aminoalkyl Radicals: Addition to Electron-Deficient Alkenes Using Photoredox Catalysts (2012)

Synthetic use of α-aminoalkyl radicals formed by single electron oxidation of amines is quite limited. Here we demonstrate addition of α-aminoalkyl radicals to electron-deficient alkenes by visible-light-mediated electron transfer using transition metal polypyridyl complexes as photocatalysts, via a sequential redox pathway.
Motion/pattern adaptive interpolation of interlaced video sequences (1991)

A hybrid motion/pattern adaptive scheme for the conversion of interlaced video sequences to the progressive format is presented. It normally operates in the temporal interpolation model and switches to spatial interpolation when motion is detected. The filter for spatial interpolation is adapted according to the local image pattern. Directional filters are designed for oriented features based on their representation by oriented polynomials. Although the proposed scheme has only been applied to the interpolation of interlaced signals, its principle is applicable to other problems in video signal resolution enhancement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards 2D layered hybrid perovskites with enhanced functionality: introducing charge-transfer complexes <i>via</i> self-assembly (2019)

This study broadens the family of 2D layered perovskites by demonstrating that it is possible to self-assemble organic charge-transfer complexes in their organic layer. Organic charge-transfer complexes, formed by combining charge-donating and charge-accepting molecules, are a diverse class of materials that can possess exceptional optical and electronic properties.
Improvement in rectification ratio of an Al-based bulk thermal rectifier working at high temperatures (2012)

In this study, we attempted to improve the thermal rectification ratio (TRR = (JAB – JBA)/JBA) of a thermal rectifier consisting of two Al-based alloys, Al72.6Re17.4Si10 and Al71.6Mn17.4Si11, both of which are known to be the 1/1-cubic approximant of icosahedral quasicrystal. In order to estimate the thermal rectification ratio obtainable for a thermal rectifier made from two given materials, we employed a simple method of TRR calculation using the classical Fourier-law of heat conduction. The largest TRR, which exceeded 0.12 for the thermal reservoirs kept at TH = 500 K and TL = 300 K, was experimentally obtained, coinciding with what the calculations predicted. By using the experimentally determined thermal conductivity and the calculation method employed in this study, we show the potential of an Al62Cu25.5Fe12.5 icosahedral quasicrystal as one of the constituent materials of thermal rectifier possessing a TRR magnitude in excess of unity.
Electrical and optical properties of ITO thin films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering for low-emitting coatings (2014)

Optimized DC magnetron sputtering system for the deposition of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), such indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass substrate has been applied in order to achieve low-emitting (low-e) transparent coatings. To obtain the concerned electrical resistance and high infrared reflection, first the effect of applied sputtering power then oxygen flow on the properties of films have been investigated. The other depositions parameters are kept constant. Film deposition at at temperature 400 degree of Celsius in oxygen flow of 3 Standard Cubic Centimeters per Minute results in transparent and infrared reflecting coatings. Under this condition the highest attained average reflectance in the infrared is (λ=3-25 micron) 89.5% (lowest emittance equals to less than 11%), whereas transparency in the visible is 85% approximately. Plasma wavelength and carrier concentration was measured.
Formal specification and validation of a static FIFO queue model using coloured Petri nets (2002)

In this paper, the authors propose the use of coloured Petri nets (CPN) as a tool for the modeling of modules in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), and for specifying and validating their properties. In order to validate the proposed modules with CPN, a formal technique for qualitative validation of the system's specifications based on the place-invariant relationships of which CPN models is used. This work analyzes an example of a FIFO queue, which has been taken from the field of FMS. It is modelled through CPN, and then assessed by means of the above proposed formal validation technique. Parallel and simultaneous research work is being done by the authors, but considering other FIFO and LIFO queue cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A two‐period crossover design for the comparison of two active treatments and placebo (1989)

This paper discusses a two-period crossover design for the comparison of two active treatments (A and B) and placebo (P) for relief of recurrent symptoms of a chronic health disorder. It is based on blocks of ten patients for which the treatment sequences A:B and B:A are each assigned to three patients and the sequences A:P, P:A, B:P, and P:B are each assigned to one patient; thus, treatment periods have a 2:2:1 allocation for A, B, and P. The principal model for analysis of this design involves additive subject effects, period effects, and treatment effects. Analysis of within-patient differences provides an estimate of the comparison between active treatments with variance (2vw/7r) and an estimate of the comparison between an active treatment and placebo with variance (4vw/7r); here vw is the within-patient variance and r is the number of blocks of ten patients. Analyses which address carryover effects and treatment effects adjusted for carryover effects are also described. An example using simulated data on relief of recurrent gastrointestinal pain illustrates the methodology.
Effects of protein kinase C inhibitors on viral entry and infectivity (1991)

The protein kinase C inhibitor H-7 (2-20 microM) inhibited dose-dependently the infectivity of the vesicular stomatitis virus on cultured human fibroblasts. Electron microscopy showed that H-7 inhibited the viral entry. H-7 also inhibited the infectivity of four other enveloped viruses, herpes simplex I, turkey herpes, vaccinia and Sindbis. Similar results were obtained using staurosporine (2.5 nM), tamoxifen (40 microM), phloretin (140 microM), or W-7 (40 microM). However, the infectivity of non-enveloped viruses (e.g. poliomyelitis I) was not inhibited by H-7. These results show that protein kinase C is critically involved in the infectivity of enveloped viruses, most probably at the level of viral entry (receptor-mediated endocytosis).
Inhibition of interleukin‐1β–induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression in human synovial fibroblasts by 15‐deoxy‐Δ<sup>12,14</sup>‐prostaglandin J<sub>2</sub> through a histone deacetylase–independent mechanism (2005)

These data suggest that 15d-PGJ(2) can inhibit IL-1beta-induced COX-2 expression by an HDAC-independent mechanism, probably by interfering with HAT p300.
Using Information from Prior Runs to Improve Automated Tuning Systems (2005)

Active Harmony is an automated runtime performance tuning system. In this paper we describe a parameter prioritizing tool to help focus on those parameters that are performance critical. Historical data is also utilized to further speed up the tuning process. We first verify our proposed approaches with synthetic data and finally we verify all the improvements on a real cluster-based web service system. Taken together, these changes allow the Active Harmony system to reduce the time spent tuning from 35% up to 50% and at the same time, reduce the variation in performance while tuning.
Genomic Characterisation of Chromosomally Integrated Human Herpesvirus (2016)

Distinctions in the biological features of human herpesvirus-6A (HHV-6A) and -6B (HHV-6B) have recently led to their reclassification from variants to distinct viral species. Unique for human herpesviruses, these viruses also exist in an endogenous form in ~1% of the human population, resulting from germ-line chromosomal integration. Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus-6A (CI-HHV-6A) and -6B (CI-HHV-6B) genomes are inherited in a Mendelian manner, leading to the potential for viral gene expression and/or reactivation in every cell of the body. As yet, the effects of these integrated viral genomes on health and their relationship to circulating viral strains remain unclear. To address this, next generation sequencing (NGS) methods were established, to define a readily utilisable pipeline for genomic sequencing of these herpesviruses directly from cell or tissue samples. This was first tested to derive the complete genome sequence of a third HHV-6A strain, AJ. This showed close conservation with a recent North American isolate despite distinct geographic origins, which may reflect highly evolved viral status or recent emergence. Subsequently, using this defined NGS methodology, supplemented by Sanger sequencing, integrated viral genomes were characterised. Integration site analyses revealed a high prevalence of integration on chromosome 17, all with a shared junctional architecture, indicative of a single ancestral germ-line integration event at this chromosome. Genomic analyses revealed CI-HHV-6A retains the full HHV-6A gene complement, with no interrupted open reading frames, and important cis acting signals likely required for any viral replication/reactivation mechanism. Deep sequencing with minority variant analysis suggested a potential reactivation mechanism, resulting from superinfection with circulating viral strains. CI-HHV-6A was also found to diverge at a set of genes which have been used as markers of speciation amongst roseoloviruses, while retaining many of the features of HHV-6A. One of the key viral immunomodulatory genes, the chemokine receptor U51, was investigated further. This showed specific coding changes and a panel of viral-human chimeric and viral mutant receptor expression vectors were generated to investigate this. Initial structural modelling and functional characterisations were made showing distinctions. Overall, the results identify unique characteristics of the integrated genomes compared to known circulating viral strains.