gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Preservation of Proteins by Drying, with Special Reference to the Production of Dried Human Serum and Plasma for Transfusion (1947)

Increasing use of proteins in biologic research and their rapid adoption in therapy have focused attention on the problems concerned with the handling of proteins. If protein preparations are to have a wide clinical use distribution must be made in a convenient and stable form which permits adequate standardization and insures reproducible results. A notable contribution to this requirement is the development of methods for reducing proteins to the dry state with a minimum of alteration in chemical or biologic properties. This book presents the application of vacuum drying from the frozen state to the problem of protein preservation. The author has made important contributions to the field and presents here the results of his own research together with the application to the large scale drying of human serum and plasma during the past six years in England. He reports on the drying of over 350,000 units of plasma and
Controlled polymerization of methyl acrylate for high‐molecular‐weight polymers by pentafluorophenylbis(triflyl)methane‐promoted group transfer polymerization using triisopropylsilyl ketene acetal (2012)

Abstract The group transfer polymerization (GTP) of methyl acrylate (MA) was studied using pentafluorophenylbis(triflyl)methane (C 6 F 5 CHTf 2 ) as the organocatalyst and 1‐trimethylsiloxy‐, 1‐triethylsiloxy‐, and 1‐triisopropylsiloxy‐1‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐propene (MTS Me , MTS Et , and MTS i Pr , respectively) as the initiators. The C 6 F 5 CHTf 2 ‐promoted GTP of MA using MTS i Pr proceeded in a living nature to produce poly(methyl acrylate)s (PMAs) with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions, which allowed the synthesis of high‐molecular‐weight PMA with the number‐average molecular weight ( M n(SEC) ) of up to 108,000 and the polydispersity ( M w / M n ) of 1.07. The matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry measurement revealed that the obtained PMA possessed the chain end structure that originated from MTS i Pr , showing that the C 6 F 5 CHTf 2 ‐promoted GTP of MA proceeded without any side reactions. In addition, the kinetic study and the postpolymerization experiment supported the living manner of the polymerization. Moreover, the block copolymerization of MA and n ‐butyl acrylate ( n BA) smoothly proceeded to afford the well‐defined PMA‐ block ‐poly( n ‐butyl acrylate) (P n BA). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
New Horizons 2005 (2005)

Eve Daly, Colin Brown and Peter Maguire report on a BGA meeting in Galway where British and Irish geophysics postgraduate students got together to present and discuss their work.
Anisotropic Etching of GaAs Using CCl[sub 2]F[sub 2]/CCl[sub 4] Gases to Fabricate 200 μm Deep Via Holes for Grounding MMICs (2003)

In this study we have investigated the reactive ion etching of 60 μm diam, 200 μm deep holes in 3 in. diam semi-insulating GaAs wafer using a combination of and gases for fabrication of through substrate via holes for grounding in monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). The effect of process parameters viz. pressure, ratio, and power on GaAs etch rate and resultant etch profile was investigated. Two kind of masks, photoresist and Ni, were used to etch GaAs and their performance was compared by investigating effect on etch rate, etch depth, etch profile, and surface morphology. The etch profile, etch depth, and surface morphology of as-etched samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The desired 200 μm deep strawberry profile, with a top μm and bottom μm, was obtained at 40 mTorr process pressure with an average etch rate μm/min using Ni mask. The vias were then metallized by depositing a thin seed layer of Ti/Au (1000 Å) using radio frequency sputtering and Au (5 μm) electroplated to connect the front side pad and back side ground plane. The parasitic inductance offered by these vias was pH. The developed process was then integrated into the MMIC process line and a 16-18 GHz amplifier was fabricated using grounding vias with yield >90%. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The first lithium manganese oxynitride, Li<sub>7.9</sub>MnN<sub>5 − y</sub>O<sub>y</sub>: preparation and use as electrode material in lithium batteries (2003)

The first lithium manganese oxynitride, Li7.9MnN5 − yOy, was obtained by solid state reaction of binary nitrides and lithium oxide under nitrogen flow. It is an interesting candidate for negative electrode material in lithium ion batteries yielding a reversible capacity of 310 mAh g−1.
Medical image of the week: massive esophagus (2013)

No abstract available. Article truncated at 150 words. A 34 year-old male inmate presents with chest pain 10 years prior to admission. His prior chest x-ray shows only mild thickening of the right paraspinal stripe (Figure 1). Chest x-ray on admission 10 years later shows a large right mixed density paramediastinal mass silhouetting the right pulmonary artery and right paratracheal stripe (Figure 2). This was confirmed to be a massive esophagus on thoracic CT scan (Figure 3). The patient was eventually diagnosed with achalasia. A number of disorders can present with a massive esophagus including achalasia, esophagectomy with colonic interposition, scleroderma, esophageal carcinoma with stricture, and esophagitis with stricture (1). Diagnostic imaging findings using fluroscopy, CT and X-ray can help differentiate these disorders. A massive esophagus due to achalasia is smooth walled with symmetric tapering to a "bird-beak" deformity and a chest x-ray may initially be normal. Colonic interposition is evident by colonic haustra. A dilated esophagus due …
A finite-step global convergence algorithm for the parameter estimation of multichannel MA processes (1992)

An iterative algorithm for the identification of multichannel moving average (MA) processes using higher-order statistics is proposed. It is shown that the algorithm has a finite-step global convergence property. Three multichannel MA models, including one nonminimum-phase MA model, are estimated by this algorithm with satisfactory performances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Final farewell: Some reflections (2011)

Everything finally comes to an end, although the end may be just a new beginning. So after more than 250 contributions to AMT over a period of 39 years, it is now time to put away my pen (or computer?) and call it a day. But what a fascinating and exciting adventure it has been! I am grateful to successive editors of the journal who refrained from telling me to get lost, and were happy to indulge me in my sundry whims and scribbles. Perhaps you too will indulge me, as I reflect on the past. If not, just pass to the next article, but don't tell me!
1.13-Gbit/lightwave transmission system (1987)

A new high capacity lightwave transmission system has been developed using GaAs semicustom logic arrays and a DFB single-mode laser, and is presently in production. The architecture of this product is designed for in-service upgrade of a 565-Mbit/s product. This paper reviews the technical characteristics and design considerations of the Rockwell LTS-21130 lightwave transmission system.
Garlic: Nature's Protection Against Physiological Threats (2009)

Currently reliance on natural products is gaining popularity to combat various physiological threats including oxidative stress, cardiovascular complexities, cancer insurgence, and immune dysfunction. The use of traditional remedies may encounter more frequently due to an array of scientific evidence in their favor. Garlic (Allium sativum) holds a unique position in history and was recognized for its therapeutic potential. Recent advancements in the field of immunonutrition, physiology, and pharmacology further explored its importance as a functional food against various pathologies. Extensive research work has been carried out on the health promoting properties of garlic, often referred to its sulfur containing metabolites i.e. allicin and its derivatives. Garlic in its preparations are effective against health risks and even used as dietary supplements such as age garlic extract (AGE) and garlic oil etc. Its components/formulations can scavenge free radicals and protect membranes from damage and maintains cell integrity. It also provides cardiovascular protection mediated by lowering of cholesterol, blood pressure, anti-platelet activities, and thromboxane formation thus providing protection against atherosclerosis and associated disorders. Besides this, it possesses antimutagenic and antiproliferative properties that are interesting in chemopreventive interventions. Several mechanisms have been reviewed in this context like activation of detoxification phase-I and II enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and reducing DNA damage etc. Garlic could be useful in preventing the suppression of immune response associated with increased risk of malignancy as it stimulates the proliferation of lymphocytes, macrophage phagocytosis, stimulates the release of interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, and enhances natural killer cells. In this paper much emphasis has been placed on garlic's ability to ameliorate oxidative stress, core role in cardiovascular cure, chemopreventive strategies, and indeed its prospective as immune booster.
Quantum Well Optical Devices and Materials (1993)

▪ Abstract The phase-field method has recently emerged as a powerful computational approach to modeling and predicting mesoscale morphological and microstructure evolution in materials. It describes a microstructure using a set of conserved and ...Read More
Splice mutations in the p53 gene: case report and review of the literature (2002)

Splice mutations in the p53 gene (TP53) are described as rare events that occur at a frequency of less than 1%. Using a functional assay based on the transcriptional activity of p53 and using RNA as starting material, we describe here a p53 splice mutation that could not be detected by genomic sequencing. This lack of detection is due to a deletion of the region complementary to primers commonly used for amplification. Reviewing the literature, we show that p53 splice mutations have been certainly underestimated and that careful strategy should be used for a complete mutational analysis of the p53 gene. Furthermore, some p53 gene mutations described as "neutral" due to the absence of any amino-acid change are truly deleterious, as they affect gene splicing.
Implementation of Tuy's cone-beam inversion formula (1994)

Tuy's cone-beam inversion formula was modified to develop a cone-beam reconstruction algorithm. The algorithm was implemented for a cone-beam vertex orbit consisting of a circle and two orthogonal lines. This orbit geometry satisfies the cone-beam data sufficiency condition and is easy to implement on commercial single photon emission computed tomography (PECT) systems. The algorithm, which consists of two derivative steps, one rebinning step, and one three-dimensional backprojection step, was verified by computer simulations and by reconstructing physical phantom data collected on a clinical SPECT system. The proposed algorithm gives equivalent results and is as efficient as other analytical cone-beam reconstruction algorithms.
Answering Imprecise Queries over Autonomous Web Databases (2006)

Current approaches for answering queries with imprecise constraints require user-specific distance metrics and importance measures for attributes of interest - metrics that are hard to elicit from lay users. We present AIMQ, a domain and user independent approach for answering imprecise queries over autonomous Web databases. We developed methods for query relaxation that use approximate functional dependencies. We also present an approach to automatically estimate the similarity between values of categorical attributes. Experimental results demonstrating the robustness, efficiency and effectiveness of AIMQ are presented. Results of a preliminary user study demonstrating the high precision of the AIMQ system is also provided.
Tailor-Made Receptors by Molecular Imprinting (2000)

Molecular recognition is becoming increasingly important in both research and industry (e. g. water purification). This review focuses on molecular imprinting with cyclodextrins—highly useful because of their hydrophilic exterior and hydrophobic cavity—including the very effective strategy adopted by the authors (see Figure): Several host species are assembled to form a tailor-made guest complex with extremely exclusive selectivity.
Enzyme-mediated synthesis of ceramic materials (2011)

Some enzymes catalyze the formation of precipitants of metal ions, and some others directly interact with metal-containing precursors. Such enzymes allow the synthesis of inorganic solids under mild conditions. Due to the nature of enzymatic reactions, enzyme-mediated ceramic synthesis techniques can facilitate (1) site-selective ceramic deposition, (2) low temperature ceramic synthesis, (3) intact combination of ceramics with heat-sensitive materials, and sometimes (4) synthesis of metastable phases. The morphology of the resultant ceramics can be tailored in many ways by immobilizing enzymes onto various templates. So far, successful cases have been reported in preparing thin film coatings, hollow micro- or nanospheres, multi-layer stacking, nanotubes, 2D patterns, honeycombs, 3D replicas of biominerals, and so on. Enzyme-mediated ceramic synthesis provoked the emergence of a new type of processing technique which employs proteins or peptides as the mediators. Practical applications of enzyme- or peptide-mediated ceramics are on the horizon in many fields, such as biomaterials, enzyme immobilization supports, and enzyme sensors. This article presents a comprehensive survey of the recent advances of enzyme-mediated ceramic synthesis and related techniques as well as future outlook.
An Integrated Transport Model for Ball-Sealer Diversion in Vertical and Horizontal Wells (2005)

Abstract Ball sealer diversion has been proven to be both an effective and economic way to selectively stimulate low permeability oil and gas reservoirs in hydraulic fracturing and matrix acidizing treatments. However, the design and implementation of a successful ball sealer diversion treatment is still a challenge. Often the designer depends on experience, and lacks the knowledge of accurate ball transport and sealing behaviors. An integrated model for selecting operating factors such as fluid and ball properties, as well as predicting the ball sealers transport and hydraulic behavior prior to pumping is needed for optimizing the stimulation process. In this paper, an integrated transport model is presented to describe the relationships among the ball sealer transport sealing behavior, wellbore deviation, wall effect, perforation density and size, fluid properties, pumping rate and ball properties. In addition, the smoothness of ball, perforation phasing, and velocity profile inside the wellbore during ball seating are also taken into consideration. Recommendations are provided for determining the number of ball sealers per job for either single or multiple stage treatment, the designed pumping rate, and the physical properties of the fluid and ball sealer. A hydraulic analysis model is presented for the overall fluid dynamics starting from surface, through wellbore, to reservoir. This analysis describes the effects of reservoir condition, pressure drop on perforations, and actual sealing efficiency on the surface treatment pressure profile. This paper will investigate the effects of the diversion factors on the ball transport behaviors such as transport time, ball sealer efficiency and surface pressure.
Use of a New Membrane-Reactor Saccharification Assay to Evaluate the Performance of Cellulases Under Simulated SSF Conditions (1997)

A new saccharification assay has been devised, in which a continuously buffer-swept membrane reactor is used to remove the solubilized saccharification products, thus allowing high extents of substrate conversion without significant inhibitory effects from the buildup of either cellobiose or glucose. This diafiltration saccharification assay (DSA) can, therefore, be used to obtain direct measurements of the performance of combinations of cellulase and substrate under simulated SSF conditions, without the saccharification results being complicated by factors that may influence the subsequent fermentation step. This assay has been used to compare the effectiveness of commercial and special in-house-produced Trichoderma reesei cellulase preparations in the saccharification of a standardized microcrystalline (Sigmacell) substrate and a diluteacid pretreated lignocellulosic substrate. Initial results strongly suggest that enzyme preparations produced in the presence of the targeted lignocellulosic substrate will saccharify that substrate more effectively. These results call into question the widespread use of the “filter paper assay” as a reliable predictor of enzyme performance in the extensive hydrolysis of substrates that are quite different from filter paper in both physical properties and chemical composition.
The CORE Storage Primitive: Cross-Object Redundancy for Efficient Data Repair & Access in Erasure Coded Storage (2013)

Erasure codes are an integral part of many distributed storage systems aimed at Big Data, since they provide high fault-tolerance for low overheads. However, traditional erasure codes are inefficient on reading stored data in degraded environments (when nodes might be unavailable), and on replenishing lost data (vital for long term resilience). Consequently, novel codes optimized to cope with distributed storage system nuances are vigorously being researched. In this paper, we take an engineering alternative, exploring the use of simple and mature techniques -juxtaposing a standard erasure code with RAID-4 like parity. We carry out an analytical study to determine the efficacy of this approach over traditional as well as some novel codes. We build upon this study to design CORE, a general storage primitive that we integrate into HDFS. We benchmark this implementation in a proprietary cluster and in EC2. Our experiments show that compared to traditional erasure codes, CORE uses 50% less bandwidth and is up to 75% faster while recovering a single failed node, while the gains are respectively 15% and 60% for double node failures.
Performance evaluation of ethernet resilience mechanisms (2005)

Ethernet is an emerging alternative in metro networks for efficient data transport. Originally defined for local area networks it is now also introduced in carrier's metro and core networks. However, carrier grade resilience remains an issue with Ethernet, because the resilience requirements of carrier networks differ significantly from local environments. Extended and new routing and resilience mechanisms have been proposed in the past. In this paper we evaluate the traditional spanning tree protocol in comparison with two popular new protocols: rapid spanning tree and resilient packet ring. For simulative investigations we extended the OMNET simulator with these protocols. The simulation results show their advantages in terms of recovery and restoration time.
A Novel Strategy of Efficiency Control for a Linear Compressor System Driven by a PWM Inverter (2008)

Linear compressors with a free piston driven by a linear motor have attracted wide attention in cooling apparatuses such as refrigerators due to their high efficiency. The method of using triacs as a linear motor drive is not satisfactory for improving the efficiency of linear compressors. In this paper, the performance of linear compressors using a pulsewidth modulation inverter is investigated, with emphasis on the efficiency and power factor along with variations of both mechanical and electrical resonant frequencies. The strategy for improving the efficiency of the linear compressor is suggested by controlling the average value of the product of the piston stroke and motor current to 0. The performance of both the stroke and efficiency controls of the linear compressor is verified through experiments under various gas pressure conditions.
Integrated Services in the Presence of Compressible Flows (2000)

An Integrated Services (int-serv) router performs admission control and resource allocation based on the information contained in a TSpec (among other things). As currently defined, TSpecs convey information about the data rate (using a token bucket) and range of packet sizes of the flow in question. However, the TSpec may not be an accurate representation of the resources needed to support the reservation if the router is able to compress the data at the link level. This specification describes an extension to the TSpec which enables a sender of potentially compressible data to provide hints to int-serv routers about the compressibility they may obtain. Routers which support appropriate compression take advantage of the hint in their admission control decisions and resource allocation procedures; other routers ignore the hint. An initial application of this approach is to notify routers performing real-time transport protocol (RTP) header compression that they may allocate fewer resources to RTP flows.
Nanoparticles for highly efficient multiphoton fluorescence bioimaging (2010)

In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that the new class of fluoride-based inorganic upconverting nanoparticles, NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+, are the most efficient multiphoton excited fluorescent nanoparticles developed to date. The near-infrared-to-visible conversion efficiency of the aforementioned nanoparticles surpasses that of CdSe quantum dots and gold nanorods, which are the commercially available inorganic fluorescent nanoprobes presently used for multiphoton fluorescence bioimaging. The results presented here open new perspectives for the implementation of fluorescence tomography by multiphoton fluorescence imaging.
임상실습을 경험한 간호대학생의 교수효율성, 임상실습만족도와 임상실습수행능력과의 관계 (2019)

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between teaching effectiveness and satisfaction of clinical practice which...
Ethanol Production in Brazil: The Industrial Process and Its Impact on Yeast Fermentation (2011)

Luiz Carlos Basso1, Thiago Olitta Basso2,3 and Saul Nitsche Rocha4 1University of Sao Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Piracicaba (SP) 2University of Sao Paulo, Escola Politecnica, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Sao Paulo (SP) 3University of Sao Paulo Programa de Pos-Graduacao Inter-unidades em Biotecnologia, Sao Paulo (SP) 4Positivo University, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biotecnologia Industrial Curitiba (PR) Brazil
Perspective in infertility: the ovarian stem cells (2015)

Infertility is a medical and social condition that affects millions of women worldwide and is today considered so far as a new disease. A considerable progress has been recently pursued in the field of the reproductive medicine and the infertility treatment may account for novel and modern procedures such as in vitro oocyte fertilization, egg donation, pregnancy surrogacy and preimplantation diagnosis. However, great interest has lately been reserved to the ovarian stem cells (OSCs) whose existence in woman ovaries has been proven. OSCs are thus suitable for developmental studies in infertility and in other clinical applications as endocrine derangements due to premature ovarian failure, or for infertility treatment after cancer chemotherapies, as well as in restoring the hormonal balance in postmenopausal age.