gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Group Transfer Polymerization (2013)

Abstract Group transfer polymerization (GTP) is a type of “quasi‐living” oxyanionic polymerization with enolate active species, best suited for methacrylates, but also well suited for acrylates, acrylamides, and methacrylamides. Silyl ketene acetals are suitable initiators, whereas nucleophiles (fluorides, bifluorides, oxyanions, bioxyanions, and, more recently, N ‐heterocyclic carbenes and phosphines) most usually serve as GTP catalysts; electrophiles (Lewis acids) can also be used for catalyzing GTP (mainly for acrylates). With the advantages of operability at ambient temperature, fast polymerization reaction (monomer conversion usually completed within 5–10 min) and facile preparation of block copolymers, GTP was the method of choice for the preparation of a large number of functional polymeric materials in the 1990s, before the development and broad acceptance of controlled radical polymerization methods. GTP is currently used for the industrial synthesis of aqueous dispersing agents for pigmented ink for jet printers. These agents are based on ABC triblock terpolymer oligomers with one hydrophobic anchoring block, and two hydrophilic stabilizing blocks, a neutral one for steric stabilization and an ionizable one for electrostatic stabilization. Another area where GTP has recently been used extensively was the preparation of well‐defined functional polymer networks for subsequent basic (nonindustrial) physicochemical studies.
Argumentation: planning other agents' plans (1989)

Most work in Distributed AI has dealt with agents that cooperate to achieve common high level goals. The assumption of cooperative behavior allows agents to use static models of one another to predict their future actions in order to promote coherent system behavior. Our research extends the domain of problems to include noncooperative, multi-agent interactions where cooperation cannot be assumed but needs to be dynamically induced during problem solving. This necessitates the development of mechanisms to purposefully modify the plans, goals and behavior of other agents to increase agent cooperativeness in order to bring about convergence to a global solution. We advocate persuasive argumentation as such a mechanism for cohering the group problem solving of non fully cooperative agents. We present a model of persuasive argumentation that has been implemented as part of the PERSUADER, a multi-agent computer program that operates in the domain of labor negotiations.
Preoperative testing (October 2015) (2016)

Readers comment on vitamin B12 defi ciency (July 2015) and on preoperative testing (October 2015).
On the Support of Versioning in Distributed Key-Value Stores (2014)

The ability to access and query data stored in multiple versions is an important asset for many applications, such as Web graph analysis, collaborative editing platforms, data forensics, or correlation mining. The storage and retrieval of versioned data requires a specific API and support from the storage layer. The choice of the data structures used to maintain versioned data has a fundamental impact on the performance of insertions and queries. The appropriate data structure also depends on the nature of the versioned data and the nature of the access patterns. In this paper we study the design and implementation space for providing versioning support on top of a distributed key-value store (KVS). We define an API for versioned data access supporting multiple writers and show that a plain KVS does not offer the necessary synchronization power for implementing this API. We leverage the support for listeners at the KVS level and propose a general construction for implementing arbitrary types of data structures for storing and querying versioned data. We explore the design space of versioned data storage ranging from a flat data structure to a distributed sharded index. The resulting system, ALEPH, is implemented on top of an industrial-grade open-source KVS, Infinispan. Our evaluation, based on real-world Wikipedia access logs, studies the performance of each versioning mechanisms in terms of load balancing, latency and storage overhead in the context of different access scenarios.
Characterization of Corn‐Soy Breakfast Cereals by Generalized Procrustes Analyses (1998)

ABSTRACT Understanding the quality of products containing a substantial amount of soy protein is essential to meet the demand for soy foods that are acceptable to American consumers. In this study, the effects of sugar and feed moisture contents on the sensory characteristics of extruded corn‐soy breakfast cereals were investigated, and the relationships among the product sensory and physical properties and extruder system responses were characterized by generalized procrustes analysis (GPA). Corn meal‐soy protein isolate mixes were extruded at feed moistures of 21, 23, and 25% and sugar levels of 0, 5, and 10%. Descriptive sensory attributes, physical properties, and extruder responses were measured. GPA results showed that the breakfast cereal sensory attributes were primarily affected by the sugar‐addition level. Products with sugar added at the 5% level were associated with soy and off‐flavors, but increasing sugar to 10% yielded an association with crunchiness and hardness. Feed moisture content had a dramatic effect within the 5% added sugar products in determining sensory characteristics. Reverse relationships between mechanical system responses and sensory texture attributes were revealed by GPA results. Increased heat and mechanical forces in the extruder barrel were responsible for higher sensory residual soy flavor and off‐flavor intensities.
Regulation of insulin secretion by uncoupling protein (2006)

UCPs (uncoupling proteins) can regulate cellular ATP production by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. UCP2 is expressed in islet beta-cells and its induction reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Under physiological conditions, superoxide, formed as a by-product of respiration, activates UCP2. This leads to reduced ATP production, which impairs closure of the ATP-dependent K+ channels to prevent insulin secretion. It is suggested that the physiological role of UCP2 is to prevent excessive superoxide generation through a feedback loop. UCP2 induction may also alter fatty acid metabolism by altering NAD/NADH or by facilitating cycling of fatty acid anions. Recently, UCP2 has been proposed to keep insulin secretion low during starvation, a function under the control of the transcription co-repressor, surtuin-1, which has been shown to bind to the UCP2 promoter. Pathological UCP2 expression or activation may suppress glucose-stimulated insulin secretion to the extent that diabetes onset is hastened. In ob/ob mice, induction of UCP2 at age 5 weeks precedes development of insulin secretion defects and hyperglycaemia. Activating protein kinase A-dependent pathways can normalize insulin secretion in UCP2-overexpressing islets. Conversely, lowering UCP2 expression may promote increased insulin secretion. UCP2 knockout mice were protected from the diabetogenic effects of a high-fat diet and their islets exhibited increased sensitivity to glucose and elevated ATP/ADP. These results support a role for UCP2 as a gene contributing to the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes.
The Tension Buoyant Tower: A Design for Deep Water (1991)

ABSTRACT The Tension Buoyant Tower (TBT) consists of a cylindrical spar type buoyancy module moored to the sea bottom by a group of tendons arranged in a pattern close to the centerline of the buoyancy module. The buoyancy module consists of buoyant hard tanks extending to a depth of 250 feet or more depending on the specific requirements of the design. An upper stem extends below this point to a depth of 500 feet or more. Seven tendons pass through a centerwell in the buoyancy module and extend to the seafloor, passing through a lower stem before template. Local tendon bending stresses are limited by tapered tendon sleeves at the entrance points to the upper and lower stems. The tendons and sleeves are allowed to pivot at these points, eliminating the need for elastomeric flex joints. Coupled analysis of the design was performed using the finite element program COPIPE. The key parameters in the design include: base tension, location of platform CG and CB, sleeve design and location of tendon support points within the stems. The results of analysis showing the sensitivity of the design to these and other parameters will be discussed. Application of the TBT to Gulf of Mexico applications ranging from 1,000 feet to 10,000 feet will be reviewed. INTRODUCTION Deep water Gulf of Mexico development will undoubtedly involve the use of innovative structures for drilling and production. We have already seen the first deep water tension leg well platform at Jolliet, the World's deepest floating drilling and production platform at Green Canyon Block 29 and in 1992 will see another deep water drilling and production platform at Auger. All of these were preceded by the guyed drilling and production tower at Lena. As water depth increases it becomes ever more difficult to provide structures which allow surface drilling and completion. The TBT allows drilling from the structure coupled with traditional surface trees. The TBT (Figure 1), is a compliant offshore structure used for drilling and producing oil and gas in water depths ranging from 1,000 feet to 10,000 feet. Low cost and simplicity are its principal features. The structure relies on buoyancy to keep it upright and on bundled vertical tendons to maintain its position. The lower ends of the tendons are fixed to a base which is pile fastened to the seafloor. Although the TBT can be designed to support any deck load, it is well suited to supporting drilling and production facilities in the range of 5,000 to 25,OOO tons. The drilling and production equipment is similar to that used on conventional fixed or compliant platforms. Conductors are supported by sleeves and/or spacers from the well deck to the mudline. They are pretensioned to level required to prevent buckling under the extreme pitch motions of the TBT, approximately 6 degrees. Wells can be drilled from, and completed on the deck of the TBT as is done on fixed platforms.
Traveling-wave electrooptic modulator (1983)

An integrated-optics Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulator in LiNbO3 has been designed and fabricated. The electrodes are 3-μm thick asymmetric coplanar striplines formed by ion-beam etching techniques. The push–pull design and the r33 electrooptic coefficient of LiNbO3 are utilized for efficient modulation. Complete modulation is achieved with 6.5 V for the 6-mm long device at 0.83-μm wavelength and with 18 V at 1.3-μm wavelength. The 3-dB bandwidth of the modulator is 3.5 GHz, being limited by the excessive resistive loss of the stripline electrodes. Since this particular modulator retains a dc electrical bias, it performs either as an intensity modulator by applying a π/2 dc phase bias to achieve maximum linearity or as a frequency shifter by changing the dc bias point to π. In addition, we analyzed the principle of operation of the Y junction by observing both the in-phase and the out-of-phase modes of a multimode waveguide modulator.
Picture Yourself Networking Your Home or Small Office (2008)

Yourself Networking Your Home or Small Office uses photos and diagrams, complemented by extensive and easy-to-follow text, to help any reader network his or her home or small office using wired or wireless technology. With the full-color, visual, tutorial style of the Picture Yourself series, youll learn how to select and set up Internet connections, servers and workstations, firewall security, and protective software to minimize risks from malicious code. In addition, youll discover how networking technology can be used to automate your home, boost security of the physical premises, talk to others via IP phone connections, provide entertainment, and more. Each step of the process is covered, including selecting equipment, parts, and tools; wiring and installing the network; and installing and setting up required software.
A unique lymphotoxin αβ-dependent pathway regulates thymic emigration of Vα14 invariant natural killer T cells (2006)

Natural killer (NK) T cells using an invariant Valpha14 (Valpha14i) T cell receptor rearrangement form a distinct immunoregulatory T cell lineage. Several studies indicated that a NK1.1(-) Valpha14i NKT precursor cell differentiates and expands within the thymus before export to the peripheral tissues occurs. However, little is known about the signals that cause the emigration of Valpha14i NKT cells from the thymus to the periphery. Here we show that signaling of lymphotoxin (LT) alphabeta through the LTbeta receptor (LTbetaR) is indispensable for regulating peripheral but not thymic Valpha14i NKT cell numbers. Homing to and homeostatic proliferation of thymic Valpha14i NKT cells in peripheral organs, however, was not dependent on LTbetaR. Instead, our data indicate that a LTbetaR-expressing thymic stromal cell regulates the thymic emigration of Valpha14i NKT cells but not conventional T cell receptor alphabeta cells.
Performance evaluation of monocular predictive display (2010)

In teleoperation systems, operator performance is negatively affected by time-delayed visual feedback. Predictive display (PD) compensates for delays by providing synthesized visual feedback. While most existing PD methods rely on a priori models (e.g., from laser range finding or stereo vision), recent work on monocular SLAM and SFM makes it possible to acquire PD models in single camera applications. In this work, we evaluate operator performance of PD visual feedback based on a coarse 3D model. We report the experimental results of 12 human tele-operators each performing 96 visual alignment tasks with a 300ms delay. Four operating modes are considered: delayed video (no PD), video-based PD using a stabilizing plane (homography), 3D model-based PD, and no delay (ground truth). The results indicate that vision-based PD (both plane and 3D model-based) is significantly better than delayed video. It reduced task completion time 40% and is nearly as good as the no delay condition. PD based on a sparse a 3D model was somewhat better than the simpler plane based method.
Complex expression of natural killer receptor genes in single natural killer cells (2002)

Summary Human natural killer (NK) cells express several inhibitory and non‐inhibitory NK receptors per cell. Understanding the expression patterns of these receptor genes in individual cells is important to understanding their function. Using a single‐cell reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method, we analysed the expression of nine NK receptor genes in 38 resting CD56 + NK cells from peripheral blood of normal donors. We observed highly diverse patterns of receptor expression in these cells. No NK receptor is expressed universally in every CD56 + NK cell. The expressed receptor types per cell varied from two to eight. We specifically analysed the distribution of inhibitory (DL) and non‐inhibitory (DS) killer immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR). The frequency of individual receptor expression varied from 26% for 2DS2 to 68% for both 2DL1 and 2DL4. A comparison of the coexpression of DL and DS receptors showed a significant association in the expression of 2DL2 and 2DS2 (χ 2 =16·6; P <0·001) genes but no association between 2DL1 and 2DS1 or between 3DL1 and 3DS1 genes. Coexpression analysis of the 2DL1 and 2DL2 genes in 2DL4 + and 2DL4 − cells showed a strong association in 2DL4 + but not in 2DL4 − cells, suggesting a differential effect of the 2DL4 gene on the expression of 2DL1 and 2DL2 genes. Single‐cell RT‐PCR is a powerful tool to study multiple receptor gene expression ex vivo in individual NK cells and provides information about the expression pattern of KIR receptors that may suggest mechanisms of gene expression responsible for generation of the KIR repertoire.
Comparison of CAN Gateway Modules for Automotive and Industrial Control Applications (2005)

Bus architectures with up to five independent CAN channels are used in today's automotive and industrial control systems. Caused by the rising numbers of sensors, actuators and electronic control units over the last years, modern control concepts demand devices supporting cross-linking of these channels. This interconnection is realized with a CAN gateway that connects several CAN buses between sub networks at different speeds. Current gateway implementations are based on one of two concepts. The one concept is an application-specific multi-channel CAN controller with shared message object memory. This concept is inflexible regarding the gateway structure, especially the number of CAN channels, but it enables the transfer of messages between the networks without causing a high load on the host CPU. The other concept is a set of single channel CAN controllers served by a message handling software on the host CPU. This implementation is more flexible regarding the gateway structure, but the load on the CPU depends on the combined bus traffic of all connected CAN networks. Starting from these two solutions, a new concept has been developed, combining the advantages of a flexible structure with a low CPU load. In this paper, the three concepts are compared and advantages/disadvantages are shown. In addition, problems in the design of gateways are discussed.
Eigentumsdelikte 1980 (1980)

Eigentumsdelikte aus der Sicht der Betroffenen. DasAnzeigeverhalten Geschädigter. Themen: Betroffenheit von Eigentumsdelikten (Viktimisierung);Art des Eigentumsdeliktes; Wert der gestohlenen Sache; Erstattungbzw. Gründe für Nichterstattung einer Anzeige; Erfolg derAnzeige; Kenntnis der Konsequenzen für den Täter. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Konfession;Schulbildung; Beruf; Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltseinkommen;Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung; Befragter istHaushaltsvorstand; Charakteristika des Haushaltsvorstands; Ortsgröße;Bundesland.
Structure−Activity Relationship Studies and in Vivo Activity of Guanidine-Based Sphingosine Kinase Inhibitors: Discovery of SphK1- and SphK2-Selective Inhibitors (2015)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that acts as a ligand for five G-protein coupled receptors (S1P1-5) whose downstream effects are implicated in a variety of important pathologies including sickle cell disease, cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis. The synthesis of S1P is catalyzed by sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoforms 1 and 2, and hence, inhibitors of this phosphorylation step are pivotal in understanding the physiological functions of SphKs. To date, SphK1 and 2 inhibitors with the potency, selectivity, and in vivo stability necessary to determine the potential of these kinases as therapeutic targets are lacking. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of guanidine-based SphK inhibitors bearing an oxadiazole ring in the scaffold. Our studies demonstrate that SLP120701, a SphK2-selective inhibitor (Ki = 1 μM), decreases S1P levels in histiocytic lymphoma (U937) cells. Surprisingly, homologation with a single methylene unit between the oxadiazole and heterocyclic ring afforded a SphK1-selective inhibitor in SLP7111228 (Ki = 48 nM), which also decreased S1P levels in cultured U937 cells. In vivo application of both compounds, however, resulted in contrasting effect in circulating levels of S1P. Administration of SLP7111228 depressed blood S1P levels while SLP120701 increased levels of S1P. Taken together, these compounds provide an in vivo chemical toolkit to interrogate the effect of increasing or decreasing S1P levels and whether such a maneuver can have implications in disease states.
The non-contact human-height measurement scheme (2011)

There are several methods used to measure human height; it includes contact and non-contact measurements. In this research, we develop a fixed laser point triangular distance measurement (FLPTDM) method to construct a non-contact human height measurement scheme. In our scheme, a laser beam was used for signal emission, and a digital camera was used as the signal detection. We calculate the distance between the laser beam projection image and the center of the image to obtain the measured length. In addition, an offset compensation data was used to calibrate the error and improve the measurement precision. The experimental results show that our proposed scheme has two advantages compared with other method as follows: 1) Our method is a very secure non-contact human height measurement. 2) Our method is a simple and novel technique; we just use a laser pointer and a camera associated with image detection techniques to obtain a precise human height measurement.
D’orenone blocks polarized tip growth of root hairs by interfering with the PIN2‐mediated auxin transport network in the root apex (2008)

The C(18) ketone (5E,7E)-6-methyl-8-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)octa-5,7-dien-2-one (D'orenone) has been postulated to be an early cleavage product of beta-carotene en route to trisporic acids; these act as morphogenetic factors during the sexual reproduction of zygomycetes. Here we report that D'orenone blocks the highly polarized tip growth of root hairs, causing tip growth to stop completely within a few minutes. Importantly, external auxin reverses the effects of D'orenone on root hairs. Further analysis revealed that D'orenone lowers the auxin concentration in trichoblasts via PIN2-mediated auxin efflux to below the critical levels essential for root hair growth. D'orenone specifically increases PIN2 protein abundance without affecting PIN2 transcripts, and the PIN2 expression domain enlarges and shifts basipetally, resulting in more active auxin transport. The observation that D'orenone does not interfere with the root hair growth in roots of null mutant lines provides additional evidence that PIN2 is its specific target.
Maximally permissive state feedback logic for controlled time Petri nets (1997)

The synthesis of state feedback logic for the control problem of maintaining a predicate on the state set of a timed discrete event system is considered in the setting of controlled time Petri nets. We introduce a kind of invariance for predicates and propose a fixpoint algorithm for computing the extremal invariant predicate. On the basis of this, maximally permissive state feedback logic can be characterized and systematically synthesized.
Motion of a particle generated by chemical gradients Part 1. Non-electrolytes (1982)

When a particle is placed in a fluid in which there is a non-uniform concentration of solute, it will move toward higher or lower concentration depending on whether the solute is attracted to or repelled from the particle surface. A quantitative understanding of this phenomenon requires that the equations representing conservation of mass and momentum within the fluid in the vicinity of the particle are solved. This is accomplished using a method of matched asymptotic expansions in a small parameter L / a , where a is the particle radius and L is the length scale characteristic of the physical interaction between solute and particle surface. This analysis yields an expression for particle velocity, valid in the limit L / a → 0, that agrees with the expression obtained by previous researchers. The result is cast into a more useful algebraic form by relating various integrals involving the solute/particle interaction energy to a measurable thermodynamic property, the Gibbs surface excess of solute Γ. An important result is that the correction for finite L / a is actually O (Γ/ C ∞ a ), where C ∞ is the bulk concentration of solute, and could be O (1) even when L / a is orders of magnitude smaller.