gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Probabilistic Occupancy Grid Estimation from Positive and Negative Distance Fields (2012)

We present an approach for estimating occupancy grids with an emphasis on robotics applications, where collision avoidance and robustness to severe noise are of more importance than high resolution. We build upon probabilistic techniques, typically used in robotics, and techniques based on signed distance fields, typically used in computer vision, to obtain an approach that is robust and also allows probabilistic reasoning on free and occupied space. The uniqueness of our method lies in the use of separate accumulators for positive and negative evidence for the occupancy of each voxel. This enables our representation to capture the uncertainty due to potential conflicts among the measurements instead of allowing contradictory evidence to cancel each other out. We show occupancy grids computed from multi-view stereo inputs on precisely and imprecisely calibrated image sequences. The ground truth that is available with the former dataset allows quantitative evaluation of the performance of our algorithm.
A methodology for generating normal and pathological brain perfusion SPECT images for evaluation of MRI/SPECT fusion methods: application in epilepsy (2003)

Quantitative evaluation of brain MRI/SPECT fusion methods for normal and in particular pathological datasets is difficult, due to the frequent lack of relevant ground truth. We propose a methodology to generate MRI and SPECT datasets dedicated to the evaluation of MRI/SPECT fusion methods and illustrate the method when dealing with ictal SPECT. The method consists in generating normal or pathological SPECT data perfectly aligned with a high-resolution 3D T1-weighted MRI using realistic Monte Carlo simulations that closely reproduce the response of a SPECT imaging system. Anatomical input data for the SPECT simulations are obtained from this 3D T1-weighted MRI, while functional input data result from an inter-individual analysis of anatomically standardized SPECT data. The method makes it possible to control the 'brain perfusion' function by proposing a theoretical model of brain perfusion from measurements performed on real SPECT images. Our method provides an absolute gold standard for assessing MRI/SPECT registration method accuracy since, by construction, the SPECT data are perfectly registered with the MRI data. The proposed methodology has been applied to create a theoretical model of normal brain perfusion and ictal brain perfusion characteristic of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. To approach realistic and unbiased perfusion models, real SPECT data were corrected for uniform attenuation, scatter and partial volume effect. An anatomic standardization was used to account for anatomic variability between subjects. Realistic simulations of normal and ictal SPECT deduced from these perfusion models are presented. The comparison of real and simulated SPECT images showed relative differences in regional activity concentration of less than 20% in most anatomical structures, for both normal and ictal data, suggesting realistic models of perfusion distributions for evaluation purposes. Inter-hemispheric asymmetry coefficients measured on simulated data were found within the range of asymmetry coefficients measured on corresponding real data. The features of the proposed approach are compared with those of other methods previously described to obtain datasets appropriate for the assessment of fusion methods.
Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology. Number IX. Fibrous Proteins and their Biological Significance (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSymposia of the Society for Experimental Biology. Number IX. Fibrous Proteins and their Biological SignificanceBarbara W. LowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 9, 2025–2026Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01590a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01590a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nitric-phosphoric acid oxidation of organic waste materials (1995)

A wet chemical oxidation technology has been developed to address issues facing defense-related facilities, private industry, and small-volume generators such as university and medical laboratories. Initially tested to destroy and decontaminate a heterogenous mixture of radioactive-contaminated solid waste, the technology can also remediate other hazardous waste forms. The process, unique to Savannah River, offers a valuable alternative to incineration and other high-temperature or high-pressure oxidation processes. The process uses nitric acid in phosphoric acid; phosphoric acid allows nitric acid to be retained in solution well above its normal boiling point. The reaction converts organics to carbon dioxide and water, and generates NO{sub x} vapors which can be recycled using air and water. Oxidation is complete in one to three hours. In previous studies, many organic compounds were completely oxidized, within experimental error, at atmospheric pressure below 180{degrees}C; more stable compounds were decomposed at 200{degrees}C and 170 kPa. Recent studies have evaluated processing parameters and potential throughputs for three primary compounds: EDTA, polyethylene, and cellulose. The study of polyvinylchloride oxidation is incomplete at this time.
Bone cement and wound healing. An experimental study in the rat. (1991)

The local effect of methyl methacrylate on wound healing was studied in rats using viscose cellulose sponges. A 7 mm diameter cylindrical section was removed from the sponges, filled with freshly prepared bone cement or left empty in controls. Two sponges were implanted subcutaneously into each rat. The concentrations of DNA, RNA-ribose, nitrogen, hydroxyproline, uronic acids and hexosamines of the sponges were determined 5, 10 and 21 days postoperatively. The concentrations of collagen and glycosaminoglycans were similar in experimental and control samples and only small differences were detected in the amounts of DNA. It was concluded that methyl methacrylate bone cement did not have any practical harmful effects on wound healing.
Mutations along transmembrane segment II of the NK-1 receptor affect substance P competition with non-peptide antagonists but not substance P binding. (1994)

Mutational analysis of the NK-1 receptor indicates that residues involved in non-peptide antagonist binding cluster around the outer portion of transmembrane segments (TM) V and VI. In contrast mutations affecting the binding of the natural peptide agonist, substance P, are scattered in the exterior part of the receptor. Recently it was reported that a number of mutations in TM-II also seriously impair substance P binding. Here we confirm that Ala substitutions for these residues located on a hydrophilic helical face of TM-II basically eliminate substance P binding to the NK-1 receptor, provided that a radiolabeled non-peptide antagonist is used as radioligand. Surprisingly, radiolabeled substance P bound well to all these mutant receptors and was displaced with only slightly reduced affinity by the unlabeled peptide and by the non-peptide antagonists. The wild-type homologous NK-2 receptor displayed properties similar to those observed in the mutated NK-1 receptors, i.e. concomitant high affinity binding of radiolabeled agonist peptide (in this case neurokinin A), yet low affinity, G-protein independent competition of unlabeled peptide with radiolabeled non-peptide antagonist. It is concluded that substitutions in TM-II of the NK-1 receptor do not affect the high affinity binding of substance P but instead block the ability of the peptides to compete for non-peptide antagonist binding. It is suggested that certain mutations can impair interchange between receptor conformations that each bind different ligands with high affinity.
Comparison of mutants of Toxoplasma gondii selected for resistance to azithromycin, spiramycin, or clindamycin (1994)

Azithromycin and spiramycin markedly inhibited the growth of Toxoplasma gondii in cultured human fibroblasts. However, 3 days of treatment were required to reveal their full antitoxoplasma activity. This delayed onset of inhibition was similar to that previously reported for clindamycin. Mutants of T. gondii resistant to azithromycin (AziR-1) and spiramycin (SprR-1) were isolated and compared with a previously described mutant resistant to clindamycin (ClnR-2). Mutant ClnR-2 was cross-resistant to all three antibiotics, while AziR-1 was cross-resistant only to spiramycin and SprR-1 was cross-resistant only to azithromycin. In short-term studies of protein synthesis by freshly prepared extracellular parasites, clindamycin and azithromycin were effective only at concentrations much greater than their 50% inhibitory concentrations in infected cultures and the resistant mutants did not differ from the wild type in antibiotic sensitivity. Thus, protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes of the parasite did not seem to be the target of these antibiotics. To determine whether mitochondrial protein synthesis in T. gondii was inhibited by clindamycin or azithromycin, wild-type parasites were grown in cultured cells in the presence of antibiotic concentrations well above the 50% inhibitory concentrations. Mitochondrial function, measured by oxygen uptake per purified extracellular parasite, did not decrease substantially, after the parasites had multiplied 11-fold in the presence of antibiotic. Thus, mitochondrial protein synthesis did not seem to be the target of clindamycin or azithromycin. An alternative target is protein synthesis in the putative apicomplexan organelle that has a 35-kb genome.
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐Induced Oxygen Incision of C60. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The <i>Urtica dioica</i> Agglutinin Is a Complex Mixture of Isolectins (1988)

Rhizomes of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) contain a complex mixture of isolectins. Ion exchange chromatography with a high resolution fast protein liquid chromatography system revealed six isoforms which exhibit identical agglutination properties and carbohydrate-binding specificity and in addition have the same molecular structure and virtually identical biochemical properties. However, since the U. dioica agglutinin isolectins differ definitely with respect to their amino acid composition, it is likely that at least some of them are different polypeptides coded for by different genes.
Inferring Unobservable Inter-community Links in Large Social Networks (2009)

Social networks can be used to model social interactions between individuals. In many circumstances, not all interactions between individuals are observed. In such cases, a social network is constructed with the data that has been observed, as this is the best one can do. Research has attempted to predict future links in a social network, though this has proven a very challenging task. Rather than predicting future links, we propose an inference method for recovering the links in a social network that already exist but that have not been observed. In addition, our approach automatically identifies groups of individuals that form tight-knit communities and models the intra and inter-community interactions. At this higher level of abstraction and for a social network built from mobile phone calls, our method is able to accurately identify a subset of 10% of all community pairs where about 50% of the pairs have had unobserved communication between them, an improvement of about four times over a subset of the same size with randomly chosen pairs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method that infers links that exist but are unobservable in a phone call-based social network. In addition, we perform the inference at the community level, where the discovery of unobserved inter-community communication can provide further insight into the organizational structure of the social network and can identify social groups that may share common interests.
Optical FM signal amplification and FM noise reduction in an injection locked AlGaAs semiconductor laser (1981)

Optical frequency. modulation index suppression in FM signal amplification and FM signal generation in an injection locked semiconductor laser are experimentally studied by injecting coherent FM signals and CW light, respectively. Experimental results are in good agreement with a simple theory using the van der Pol equation with an external signal term. The FM noise accumulation in cascade injection locked amplifiers is calculated and an optimum design for an injection locked repeater system is discussed.
Up-regulating BDNF with an ampakine rescues synaptic plasticity and memory in Huntington's disease knockin mice (2009)

Cognitive problems occur in asymptomatic gene carriers of Huntington's disease (HD), and mouse models of the disease exhibit impaired learning and substantial deficits in the cytoskeletal changes that stabilize long-term potentiation (LTP). The latter effects may be related to the decreased production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) associated with the HD mutation. This study asked whether up-regulating endogenous BDNF levels with an ampakine, a positive modulator of AMPA-type glutamate receptors, rescues plasticity and reduces learning problems in HD (CAG140) mice. Twice-daily injections of a short half-life ampakine normalized BDNF levels, activity-driven actin polymerization in dendritic spines, and LTP stabilization in 8-week-old mutants. Comparable results were obtained in 16-week-old HD mice with more severe LTP deficits. Ampakine treatments had no measurable effect on the decreased locomotor activity observed in the mutants but offset their impairments in long-term memory. Given that ampakines are well tolerated in clinical trials and were effective in this study after brief exposures, these results suggest a novel strategy for chronic treatment of the cognitive difficulties that occur in the early stages of HD.
GPS Multipath Mitigation Using a Three Dimensional Phased Array (2005)

Digital beam steering with a phased array has previously been demonstrated to improve the Signal/Multipath (S/M) level for precision applications by providing gain in the direction of the GPS satellites. A disadvantage of using horizontal planar antenna arrays is that the beam pattern is symmetric in the Up/Down directions. This means that only the phased array ground plane affects the antenna array Up/Down ratio, which defines the relative gain between the satellite and a horizontally reflected multipath signal. By including both horizontal and vertical antenna element separation in an array design, multipath can be rejected, improving both the Up/Down gain ratio (for horizontal multipath sources) and also rejecting multipath from other directions. In this paper the relative advantages of some alternative 3-D antenna array designs are shown, compared with conventional planar or vertical arrays. Simulation results are shown of the alternative antenna array properties and a 3-D antenna array that has been built and tested using our in-house digital beam-steering GPS receiver is presented.
Two-value image data compressing and recovering using improved neural network (2003)

Data compression and generalization capability are important characteristics of a neural network model. From this point of view, the two-value image data compression and recovering of a hybrid neural network are examined experimentally. The applied neural network models are the improved ART1 and the feedforward types. The hybrid network architecture, its learning process and the improved learning algorithm are presented in this paper. The whole work has been finished using a large scale general-purpose neural network simulating system, the GKD-N/sup 2/S/sup 2/ on the SUN3 workstation. Some experimental results also have been given and are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impact of across-pupil transmittance variation in projection lenses on fine device pattern imaging (2003)

Transmittance of projection lenses used in DUV exposure tools changes depending on the exposure light path. We studied the impact of this phenomenon (Across Pupil Transmittance Variation, APTV) on fine device pattern imaging. Zernike polynomials, which are commonly used for analysis of wavefront aberration, were applied for inspecting the influence of APTV. We investigated influences of each Zernike component on fine pattern imaging, and clarified that a significant component of APTV can be extracted by Zernike polynomial series expansion. Even components of APTV cause CD variation depending on the pattern pitch, that is, change of optical proximity effect (OPE), while odd components of APTV have little influence. In this paper, we present a method of decomposing APTV in Zernike coefficients together with the results of Zernike sensitivity analysis of the influence on OPE change. APTV was found to differ from tool to tool, and varies across the exposure field. Impact of tool dependence, across-field variation, and vertical-horizontal deviation of APTV are discussed.
Chemistry of technetium radiopharmaceuticals. I. Exploration of the tissue distribution and oxidation state consequences of technetium (IV) in Tc-Sn-gluconate and Tc-Sn-EHDP using carrier 99Tc. (1975)

The distribution in rats of the renal agent Tc-Sn-gluconate using both 99mTc and carrier amounts of 99Tc was similar. The same behavior was shown with the bone agent Tc-Sn-EHDP. The radiopharmaceutical consequences of the observed Tc(IV) oxidation state in these systems are explored.
Agile Disk Replacement Strategy for Data Cloud Environment Using Evolutionary Algorithms (2010)

Information Technology has become a key differentiator for companies and plays an increasingly critical role within corporations at the same time it commands significant resources and growing respect. Across different types and size of business, the overall dependency on technology is rising. Moreover, due to recent economic turbulence IT spending has come under scrutiny and enterprises are more prudent than before to cut costs. Consequently the cut downs are not only related to macroeconomic parameters, but they influence routine activities like maintenance and hardware replacement in a more direct way. This feature is undesirable for the system administrator/investor but it is also unavoidable. The best that one can do is to try to reduce this uncertainty. Disk failure Prediction (or Forecasting) is one of the instruments in this process. However they are not pragmatic to satiate the needs of today's enterprise. Given the fundamental financial and price information of power consumption by a particular disk along with its shelf life, we attempt to use Genetic Algorithm to identify disks which if replaced are likely to outperform and at the same time ensuring savings.
Coordination Polymers:  Structural Transformation from Two to Three Dimensions through Ligand Conformation Change (2000)

Two coordination polymers of {[Mn(maleate)(μ-4,4‘-bipy)]·0.5(H2O)}∞ (1) and {[Mn(fumarate)(μ-4,4‘-bipy)(H2O)]·0.5(4,4‘-bipy)}∞ (2) (bipy = bipyridine) were synthesized and structurally characterized. The 1-D [Mn(maleate)]8 chains were formed by maleate molecules chelating Mn atoms, and these chains were connected with 4,4‘-bipy to form a 2-D structure (structure 1). The 2-D [Mn(fumarate)(H2O)]∞ layers were composed of the fumarate molecules coordinating different Mn ions, and these layers were linked with 4,4‘-bipy to give a 3-D open framework (structure 2).
Ebola Virus Selectively Inhibits Responses to Interferons, but Not to Interleukin-1β, in Endothelial Cells (1999)

Ebola virus infection is highly lethal and leads to severe immunosuppression. In this study, we demonstrate that infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with Ebola virus Zaire (EZ) suppressed basal expression of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) family of proteins and inhibited the induction of multiple genes by alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma, including those coding for MHC I proteins, 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase [2'-5'(A)N], and IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1). Induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and ICAM-1 by IL-1beta was not suppressed by infection with EZ, suggesting that the inhibition of IFN signaling is specific. Gel shift analysis demonstrated that infection with EZ blocked the induction by IFNs of nuclear proteins that bind to IFN-stimulated response elements, gamma activation sequences, and IFN regulatory factor binding site (IRF-E). In contrast, infection with EZ did not block activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB by IL-1beta. The events that lead to the blockage of IFN signaling may be critical for Ebola virus-induced immunosuppression and would play a role in the pathogenesis of Ebola virus infection.
Study and realization of a trap pyroelectric detector for absolute high radiant powers and energies (2003)

We have built an electrically calibrated trap detector, based on a 9 µm thickness PVF2 pyroelectric material, for absolute high radiant powers and energies. The detector was designed as a transfer standard for measurements in the wavelength regions from 250 to about 2500 nm. Graphite black coating was deposited on the detector surface and was used as the optical absorber and the electrical heating element. In addition, the reflection losses, which were measured experimentally by using an integrating sphere, were about a few times 10−4. The uncertainty of the detector's spatial-response uniformity variation was less than 0.5% across the 10 mm diameter aperture. The relative linearity measurements indicated a non-linearity of only a few times 10−3. The linearity range, obtained by electrical heating power, was from 20 mW to about 1 W and the detector sensitivity in this range was 6.361 V W−1 with an uncertainty 0.001 V W−1 (coverage factor, k = 1).