gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) and its therapeutic potential (2009)

Poly (ADP-robose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is a catabolic enzyme that cleaves ADP-ribose polymers synthesized by members of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes. The growing evidence supports the importance of a tight control of poly (ADP-ribose) metabolism by the two major enzymes, PARP-1 and PARG. Recent studies have advanced the understanding of PARPs' and PARG's functions in various cellular and physiological processes. In the last 10 years, homeostasis of poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation has been a target of pharmaceutical interventions for various pathologies. Although the polymer synthesizing enzyme PARP-1 has been well studied, the function of PARG remains largely unknown. However, a great effort has been made in recent years to delineate biological functions of PARG and to explore the therapeutical potentials of PARG inhibition in pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, ischemia, stroke, and cancer chemotherapy.
A digital maintenance information (DMI) system for ATE (2003)

The proposed DMI system provides a paperless information system in a personal computer (PC) environment and aids the service technician with synchronized video and graphic demonstrations. The user's need for a generic DMI system is considered, and a pilot program is discussed for the evaluation of a DMI system. It is concluded that the DMI system will cut the time, cost, and volume of paper now associated with the support and repair of major weapon systems. The DMI can also enhance engineering and logistic support of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
AN AUTOMATIC POLISHING MACHINE FOR REMOTE METALLOGRAPHY (1959)

Requirements for successfull polishing of metallographic specimens are discussed and the design of a machine to accomplish such work on radioactive specimens in a metallographic cave is presented. Quality results, readily obtrained by use of the ANL machine, are illustrated by photomicrographs. (auth)
Atrial Fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. (2011)

Since the advent of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) aiming the pulmonary veins a few years ago, there has been an overwhelming interest and a dramatic increase in AF investigation. AF has a different dimension in the context of the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. Indeed, AF may be a nightmare in a young person that has an accessory pathway (AP) with fast anterograde conduction. It may be life-threatening if an extremely rapid ventricular response develops degenerating into ventricular fibrillation. Therefore, it is very important to know the mechanisms involved in the development of AF in the WPW syndrome. There are several possible mechanisms that may be involved in the development of AF in the WPW syndrome, namely, spontaneous degeneration of atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia into AF, the electrophysiological properties of the AP, the effects of AP on atrial architecture, and intrinsic atrial muscle vulnerability. Focal activity, multiple reentrant wavelets, and macroreentry have all been implicated in AF, perhaps under the further influence of the autonomic nervous system. AF can also be initiated by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins, and elsewhere. Several studies demonstrated a decrease incidence of AF after successful elimination of the AP, suggesting that the AP itself may play an important role in the initiation of AF. However, since AF still occurs in some patients with the WPW syndrome even after successful ablation of the AP, there should be other mechanisms responsible for the development of AF in the WPW syndrome. There is a clear evidence of an underlying atrial muscle disease in patients with the WPW syndrome. Atrial myocardial vulnerability has been studied performing an atrial endocardial catheter mapping during sinus rhythm, and analizing the recorded abnormal atrial electrograms. This review analizes the available data on this singular setting since AF has a reserved prognostic significance in patients with the WPW syndrome, and has an unusually high incidence in the absence of any clinical evidence of organic heart disease.
Detection and Estimation of polyoxyethylene Glycol in Nonionic Surfactants by Ascending Paper Chromatography (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetection and Estimation of polyoxyethylene Glycol in Nonionic Surfactants by Ascending Paper ChromatographyM. E. Ginn, C. L. Church, and J. C. HarrisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 1, 143–145Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60169a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60169a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alkaline Earth Metal Complexes of Simple Oligo(ethylene Glycol Ethers) (1978)

Structure-complexation relations of simple neutral ligands have been studied for ligands such as (1) and (2). These ligands containing donorless but rigid aryl groups form crystalline complexes, especially with alkaline earth metal ions if n ≥ 1.
Conclusion (1981)

One of the characteristic features of Britain's overseas propaganda between the wars was that it began, almost without exception, as a direct response to the activities of other countries. It was thus, strictly speaking, counter-propagandist in the widest sense. In view of the widespread dislike and suspicion of progaganda, it would not be too unreasonable to suggest that, had the British government been left entirely to its own devices, it would not have embarked upon such work out of preference. This might have been because, as Leeper suspected, new ideas were anathema to the official mind or, as Percy Loraine believed, because of ‘a fundamental English inability to understand the force of ideas and the danger of leaving their shaping in the hands of others’. It may simply have been because of misguided prejudice. It was certainly true that British officials invariably misunderstood what Leeper and his fellow advocates of increased official involvement in propaganda meant by the word in the British context. It was not that the protagonists in the debate failed to explain clearly their interpretation. They did, after all, go to considerable lengths to emphasise the essential differences between British overseas propaganda and that conducted by other governments. It was more a case of the antagonists not being able to accept the idea of propaganda by Britain, even for Britain, as a matter of principle.
β-Catenin Enhances Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells through Activation of Runx2 (2014)

An intense stimulus can cause death of odontoblasts and initiate odontoblastic differentiation of stem/progenitor cell populations of dental pulp cells (DPCs), which is followed by reparative dentin formation. However, the mechanism of odontoblastic differentiation during reparative dentin formation remains unclear. This study was to determine the role of β-catenin, a key player in tooth development, in reparative dentin formation, especially in odontoblastic differentiation. We found that β-catenin was expressed in odontoblast-like cells and DPCs beneath the perforation site during reparative dentin formation after direct pulp capping. The expression of β-catenin was also significantly upregulated during odontoblastic differentiation of in vitro cultured DPCs. The expression pattern of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was similar to that of β-catenin. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that Runx2 was also expressed in β-catenin-positive odontoblast-like cells and DPCs during reparative dentin formation. Knockdown of β-catenin disrupted odontoblastic differentiation, which was accompanied by a reduction in β-catenin binding to the Runx2 promoter and diminished expression of Runx2. In contrast, lithium chloride (LiCl) induced accumulation of β-catenin produced the opposite effect to that caused by β-catenin knockdown. In conclusion, it was reported in this study for the first time that β-catenin can enhance the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs through activation of Runx2, which might be the mechanism involved in odontoblastic differentiation during reparative dentin formation.
Realization of high-energy density polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramics (2006)

This letter reports a high energy density piezoelectric material in the system given as: Pb[(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3]1−x[(Zn1∕3Nb2∕3)O3]x+yMnCO3, where x=0.1 and y varies from 0.5to0.9wt%. A piezoelectric material with high energy density is characterized by a high product of piezoelectric voltage constant (g) and piezoelectric strain constant (d). The condition for obtaining large magnitude of g constant was derived to be as ∣d∣=εn, where ε is the permittivity of the material and n is constant having lower bound of 0.5. It was found that for all practical polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramic materials the magnitude of n lies in the range of 1.1–1.30 and as the magnitude of n decreases towards unity a giant enhancement in the magnitude of g was obtained. A two step sintering process was developed to optimize a polycrystalline ceramic composition with low magnitude of n. For the optimized composition the value of g33 and d33 was found to be 55.56×10−3m2∕C and 291×10−12C∕N, respectively, yielding the magnitude product d33∙g33 as ∼16168×10−15m2∕N which is significantly higher than the reported values in literature. The magnitude of n for this composition was calculated to be 1.151. This material is extremely promising for immediate applications in the sensing and energy harvesting.
The ADAMs family of proteases: new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer? (2011)

The ADAMs are transmembrane proteins implicated in proteolysis and cell adhesion. Forty gene members of the family have been identified, of which 21 are believed to be functional in humans. As proteases, their main substrates are the ectodomains of other transmembrane proteins. These substrates include precursor forms of growth factors, cytokines, growth factor receptors, cytokine receptors and several different types of adhesion molecules. Although altered expression of specific ADAMs has been implicated in different diseases, their best-documented role is in cancer formation and progression. ADAMs shown to play a role in cancer include ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM12, ADAM15 and ADAM17. Two of the ADAMs, i.e., ADAM10 and 17 appear to promote cancer progression by releasing HER/EGFR ligands. The released ligands activate HER/EGFR signalling that culminates in increased cell proliferation, migration and survival. Consistent with a causative role in cancer, several ADAMs are emerging as potential cancer biomarkers for aiding cancer diagnosis and predicting patient outcome. Furthermore, a number of selective ADAM inhibitors, especially against ADAM10 and ADAM17, have been shown to have anti-cancer effects. At least one of these inhibitors is now undergoing clinical trials in patients with breast cancer.
Fifty years of DNA “Breathing”: Reflections on old and new approaches (2013)

The coding sequences for genes, and much other regulatory information involved in genome expression, are located 'inside' the DNA duplex. Thus the "macromolecular machines" that read-out this information from the base sequence of the DNA must somehow access the DNA "interior." Double-stranded (ds) DNA is a highly structured and cooperatively stabilized system at physiological temperatures, but is also only marginally stable and undergoes a cooperative "melting phase transition" at temperatures not far above physiological. Furthermore, due to its length and heterogeneous sequence, with AT-rich segments being less stable than GC-rich segments, the DNA genome 'melts' in a multistate fashion. Therefore the DNA genome must also manifest thermally driven structural ("breathing") fluctuations at physiological temperatures that should reflect the heterogeneity of the dsDNA stability near the melting temperature. Thus many of the breathing fluctuations of dsDNA are likely also to be sequence dependent, and could well contain information that should be "readable" and useable by regulatory proteins and protein complexes in site-specific binding reactions involving dsDNA "opening." Our laboratory has been involved in studying the breathing fluctuations of duplex DNA for about 50 years. In this "Reflections" article we present a relatively chronological overview of these studies, starting with the use of simple chemical probes (such as hydrogen exchange, formaldehyde, and simple DNA "melting" proteins) to examine the local stability of the dsDNA structure, and culminating in sophisticated spectroscopic approaches that can be used to monitor the breathing-dependent interactions of regulatory complexes with their duplex DNA targets in "real time."
Instrumental and computational advances for real-time process control using spectroscopic ellipsometry (1998)

An improved real-time spectroscopic ellipsometer (RTSE) operating over a wide energy range (UV-near-IR) with high resolution and precision, capable of producing 256-wavelength spectra at a rate of 5 s−1, has been interfaced to a Si1−xGex CVD reactor. Reference spectra for strained Si1−xGex with x=0−0.2 have been generated at the growth temperature. Data analysis techniques for real-time determination of composition and growth rate are reviewed. Developments in novel algorithms based on Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks to overcome correlation problems in very thin surface layers are discussed.
Challenges for the vehicle tester in characterizing hybrid electric vehicles (1997)

Many problems are associated with applying test methods, like the Federal Test Procedure (FTP), for HEVs. Although there has been considerable progress recently in the area of HEV test procedure development, many challenges are still unsolved. A major hurdle to overcoming the challenges of developing HEV test procedures is the lack of HEV designs available for vehicle testing. Argonne National Laboratory has tested hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) built by about 50 colleges and universities from 1994 to 1997 in annual vehicle engineering competitions sponsored in part by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). From this experience, the Laboratory has gathered information about the basics of HEV testing and issues important to successful characterization of HEVs. A collaboration between ANL and the Society of Automotive Engineer`s (SAE) HEV Test Procedure Task Force has helped guide the development of test protocols for their proposed procedures (draft SAE J1711) and test methods suited for DOE vehicle competitions. HEVs use an electrical energy storage device, which requires that HEV testing include more time and effort to deal with the effects of transient energy storage as the vehicle is operating in HEV mode. HEV operation with electric-only capability can be characterized by correcting the HEV mode data using results from electric-only operation. HEVs without electric-only capability require multiple tests conducted to form data correlations that enable the tester to find the result that corresponds to a zero net change in SOC. HEVs that operate with a net depletion of charge cannot be corrected for battery SOC and are characterized with emissions and fuel consumption results coupled with the electrical energy usage rate. 9 refs., 8 figs.
Transforming growth factor-β1 in invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer (2002)

These results suggest that transforming growth factor-beta1 is closely related to the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer. It increased the invasive and metastatic potential of tumor by altering a tumor microenvironment. TGFbeta1 may be used as a possible biomarker.
Proton conductivity of columnar ceria thin-films grown by chemical vapor deposition (2012)

Columnar thin films of undoped ceria were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The films, deposited on Pt-coated MgO(100) substrates, display a columnar microstructure with nanometer scale grain size and ~30% overall porosity. Through-plane (thickness mode) electrical conductivity was measured by AC impedance spectroscopy. Proton conduction is observed below 350-400 °C, with a magnitude that depends on gas-phase water vapor pressure. The overall behavior suggests proton transport that occurs along exposed grain surfaces and parallel grain boundaries. No impedance due to grain boundaries normal to the direction of transport is observed. The proton conductivity in the temperature range of 200-400 °C is approximately four times greater than that of nanograined bulk ceria, consistent with enhanced transport along aligned grain surfaces in the CVD films.
Nonpalpable lesions detected with mammography: review of 512 consecutive cases. (1987)

The authors reviewed 512 consecutive cases in which biopsies were performed on nonpalpable lesions of the breast detected with mammography from 1970 to 1985. The positive predictive value (PPV) of different radiologic patterns was determined. Biopsy is advised in the presence of patterns such as parenchymal distortion, opacities with undefined borders, strongly suspect microcalcifications (rodlike or branching morphologic features, high spatial density), and stellate opacities, which yielded higher PPVs (0.11, 0.35, 0.56, and 0.75, respectively). The average detection rate of preclinical cancer was 0.7 per 1,000; wide variations were recorded during different periods in the study (0.2 per 1,000 and 1.3 per 1,000 in the first 4 years and the last 4 years of the study, respectively), for the different age groups considered (0.6 per 1,000 and 1.7 per 1,000 for the 30-39-year and over-59-year age groups, respectively), and for different reporting radiologists (0.5-1.9 per 1,000). The ratio of benign to malignant biopsy findings was 2.4:1 for the whole series, with wide variations encountered relative to the variables mentioned above.
Carbon nanotubes grown in situ on graphene nanosheets as superior anodes for Li-ion batteries (2011)

Graphene and carbon nanotubes are intriguing alternative anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The prevention of graphene restacking and facilitation of lithium diffusion into CNTs with large aspect ratio are highly desirable for the performance enhancements including capacity, cycliability and rate capability. In this work, we demonstrated that a multilayered graphene-CNT hybrid nanostructure was able to hold such merits. GNS were separated and stabilized by CNTs grown in situ on GNS surface. The length of CNTs was found to be a key factor to the electrochemical performances. The GNS-CNT composite with the shortest CNT decoration displayed highly reversible capacities of 573 mAh g(-1) at a small current of 0.2C and 520 mAh g(-1) at a large current of 2C. The growth and lithium storage mechanism for graphene-CNT composite was also proposed.
Fiber Optic Sensor System Using Birefringent Filters For Spectral Encoding (1989)

A system of multimode fiber optic sensors is described for the remote measurement of position, angle, force, pressure and other measurands that can be converted into a rotation of polarization. A birefringent filter encodes the polarization angle into the power ratio of two interleaved comb spectra or, in a modified implementation, into the absolute spectral position of a comb spectrum. By using identical filters in all transducers and in the evaluation unit, transducers for the same or different measurands become interchange-able. All sensors are of the incremental type, with accuracies reaching 0.5 % of one period of the measurand, independent of variations in the attenuation of the fiber link of up to 20dB.
ACCUMULATION OF ALLO-ISOCITRIC ACID BY A PENICILLIUM STRAIN (1957)

The occurrence of L(S)-allo-isocitric acid in nature, as a new fungal product, was first found in the culture medium of Pen. purpurogenum Stoll var. rubri-sclerotium Thom. No. 1148. The acid was obtained as its gamma-lactone in a crystalline form. Some chemical and physical characters were described. The acid was the only one detectable acid accumulated by its fungus in the given condition, and the yield of the acid by weight exceeded about 70% of the consumed glucose.
The Virion Host Shutoff RNase Plays a Key Role in Blocking the Activation of Protein Kinase R in Cells Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (2013)

Earlier studies have shown that active MEK blocks the activation of protein kinase R (PKR), a component of antiviral innate immune responses. In this report we show that the herpes simplex virus 1 virion host shutoff (VHS) RNase protein and MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) act cooperatively in blocking the activation of PKR. This conclusion is based on the following. (i) In contrast to viral gene expression in the parental cell line or a cell line expressing a constitutively active MEK, the replication of a VHS mutant is particularly impaired in cells expressing dominant negative MEK. In this cell line PKR is activated by phosphorylation, and the accumulation of several viral proteins is delayed. (ii) In transfected cells, wild-type VHS blocked the activation of PKR, whereas PKR was activated in cells transfected with a mutant VHS or with plasmids encoding the VHS RNase and VP16 and VP22, the two viral proteins that neutralize the RNase activity of VHS. The results suggest that early in infection the VHS RNase degrades RNAs that activate PKR. Coupled with published data, the results suggest that inhibition of activation of PKR or its effect on viral replication is staged early in infection by VHS, postsynthesis of VP16 and VP22 by the γ(1)34.5 protein, and very late in infection by the U(S)11 protein.
New Completion Techniques Applied to a Deepwater Gulf of Mexico TLP Completion Successfully Gravel Pack an Openhole Horizontal Interval of 2400 Feet (1998)

Abstract As the scope of development continues to expand, more instances are being noted in which traditional technologies cannot satisfy job parameters. In deepwater projects, for example, high-rate production and completion reliability present major challenges to operators, and traditional methods of sand control often have not been able to address the changing conditions. In this paper, a solution that combines gravel packing, enhanced downhole tool capability, and advanced fluid technology is used in an offshore environment in which the completion was performed in a horiontal openhole extended-interval wellbore from a deepwater tension leg platform (TLP). New gravel pack tools and procedures were developed to meet the stringent requirements of the proposed scenario and will be discussed. The successful application of the first extended horizontal openhole gravel packs in the Northern Gulf of Mexico has proven that gravel packing can be successfully applied to extended horizontal wellbores.