gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Producing the OXA-23 Enzyme in Curitiba, Brazil (2003)

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were obtained from eight patients in two hospitals in Curitiba, Brazil. The isolates were multiresistant, belonged to a single strain, and produced the OXA-23 carbapenemase. Treatment options were limited, although the isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B in vitro. The strain contributed to the deaths of five patients.
Micromotor‐Based Energy Generation (2015)

A micromotor-based strategy for energy generation, utilizing the conversion of liquid-phase hydrogen to usable hydrogen gas (H2), is described. The new motion-based H2-generation concept relies on the movement of Pt-black/Ti Janus microparticle motors in a solution of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) fuel. This is the first report of using NaBH4 for powering micromotors. The autonomous motion of these catalytic micromotors, as well as their bubble generation, leads to enhanced mixing and transport of NaBH4 towards the Pt-black catalytic surface (compared to static microparticles or films), and hence to a substantially faster rate of H2 production. The practical utility of these micromotors is illustrated by powering a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell car by an on-board motion-based hydrogen and oxygen generation. The new micromotor approach paves the way for the development of efficient on-site energy generation for powering external devices or meeting growing demands on the energy grid.
Recent innovations in DRAM manufacturing (2010)

Recent generations of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) have seen remarkable changes in both processes and the materials used. In the past five years the industry has gone from the 9x-nm node through the 7x, 6x, and 5x nodes to the 4x node chips starting to come on the market. In retrospect it is little short of amazing that the competing companies have crammed the required ~25 fF into an ever decreasing amount of floorspace; the cell size of the latest 4x-nm DRAM is ~0.0137 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> - or maybe we should say ~13,700 nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This has been achieved by the adoption of dual-layer capacitors, high-k dielectrics, and raised source/drains, among other techniques. Chipworks, as a supplier of competitive intelligence to the semiconductor and electronics industries, monitors the evolution of chip technologies as they come into commercial production. Chipworks has obtained parts from the leading edge manufacturers, and performed structural and compositional analyses to examine the features and manufacturing processes of the devices. This paper illustrates some of the different structures of DRAM cells seen in the last few years from some of the leading companies in the sector, ranging from the 9x-nm node to the latest 4x-nm product.
Chrom‐Selenium Photovoltaic Cells (1932)

Light‐sensitive films of a chromium‐selenium combination have been obtained by electrodeposition, following the development of electroplated films of photo‐active selenium alone. The Cr‐Se films are more uniform and stable in operation than are the straight selenium plates, and also allow a more satisfactory manufacturing control of cells of high photo‐sensitivity. Photovoltaic cells of both the dry and the wet types, using the Cr‐Se film, have been designed for industrial and laboratory applications where it is desired to determine the color or intensity of light. The action of the cells appears to conform with Gudden and Pohl's definition of primary photoelectric effects in that the current vs . illumination curve is linear and the photo‐response is without detectable lag. Thus the photo‐actions of the dry and wet types of cells are essentially alike, the electrolyte in the latter form causing secondary electrochemical reactions which do not appear to be necessary for the basic photoelectric phenomena. When the photovoltaic cell is connected in series with an indicating instrument, the direction of current flow depends on the polarity of the photo‐inert electrode. A sensitivity of 150 microamp. per lumen has been attained with the commercial forms of the Chrom‐Selenium cells; laboratory models having a sensitivity nearly three times as great. The cells have a selective spectral characteristic. The position of maximum color response can be varied depending upon the manufacturing treatment. A representative curve shows a maximum at 5,100 Aå. U.
Sparsity regularization for image reconstruction with Poisson data (2009)

This work investigates three penalized-likelihood expectation maximization (EM) algorithms for image reconstruction with Poisson data where the images are known a priori to be sparse in the space domain. The penalty functions considered are the <i>l</i><sub>1</sub> norm, the <i>l</i><sub>0</sub> "norm", and a penalty function based on the sum of logarithms of pixel values,(see equation in PDF) Our results show that the <i>l</i><sub>1</sub> penalized algorithm reconstructs scaled versions of the maximum-likelihood (ML) solution, which does not improve the sparsity over the traditional ML estimate. Due to the singularity of the Poisson log-likelihood at zero, the <i>l</i><sub>0</sub> penalized EM algorithm is equivalent to the maximum-likelihood EM algorithm. We demonstrate that the penalty based on the sum of logarithms produces sparser images than the ML solution. We evaluated these algorithms using experimental data from a position-sensitive Compton-imaging detector, where the spatial distribution of photon-emitters is known to be sparse.
Immunologic chimerism as evidence of bone marrow graft acceptance in an identical twin with acute lymphocytic leukemia. (1975)

Bone marrow from a well child was infused into her identical twin who had acute lymphocytic leukemia. In an attempt to provide an immunologic tag for use in twin transplantation, the donor twin was immunized to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and yellow fever virus prior to the marrow infusion. Subsequent immunological chimerism in the recipient twin gave evidence for graft acceptance.
Genotypic differences in ethanol sensitivity in two tests of motor incoordination (2003)

Motor incoordination is frequently used as a behavioral index of intoxication by drugs that depress the central nervous system. Two tasks that have been used to assay incoordination in mice, the balance beam and the grid test, were evaluated to optimize aspects of apparatus and testing procedures for studying genetic differences. Mice of eight inbred strains were given one of several doses of ethanol or saline and tested for intoxication. Strains differed in sensitivity to ethanol in both tests, indicating a significant influence of genotype on ethanol sensitivity. For the balance beam, the width of the beam affected the strain sensitivity pattern, and only the widest beam worked well at all doses. For the grid test, both ethanol dose and the time after drug injection affected strains differentially. Although the behavioral sign of intoxication recorded for both tests was a foot-slip error, the correlations of strain means for ethanol sensitivity across the two tasks were generally not significant. This suggests that the genes influencing ethanol sensitivity in the two tasks are mostly different. These results make clear that a single set of task parameters is insufficient to characterize genetic influences on behavior. Several other issues affect the interpretation of data using these tests.
An artificial whisker sensor for robotics (2003)

In this paper, we present a first series of experiments with prototype artificial whiskers that have been developed in our laboratory. These experiments have been inspired by neuroscience research on real rats. In spite of the enormous potential of whiskers, they have to date not been systematically investigated and exploited by roboticists. Although the transduction mechanism is simple and straightforward, and the whiskers are currently used in a passive way only, the dynamics of the sensory signals resulting from the interaction with various textured surfaces is complex and has a rich information content. The experiments provide the foundation for future work including active sensing, whisker arrays, and cross-modal integration.
The mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis (de Boer, J. H., ed.) (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTThe mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis (de Boer, J. H., ed.)Paul H. Emmett Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 7, A494Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1961Published inissue 1 July 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/ed038pA494RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Active Fourier-transform spectroscopy combining the direct RF beating of two fiber-based mode-locked lasers with a novel referencing method (2008)

A new approach is described to compensate the variations induced by laser frequency instabilities in the recently demonstrated Fourier transform spectroscopy that is based on the RF beating spectra of two frequency combs generated by mode-locked lasers. The proposed method extracts the mutual fluctuations of the lasers by monitoring the beating signal for two known optical frequencies. From this information, a phase correction and a new time grid are determined that allow the full correction of the measured interferograms. A complete mathematical description of the new active spectroscopy method is provided. An implementation with fiberbased mode-locked lasers is also demonstrated and combined with the correction method a resolution of 0.067 cm(-1) (2 GHz) is reported. The ability to use slightly varying and inexpensive frequency comb sources is a significant improvement compared to previous systems that were limited to controlled environment and showed reduced spectral resolution. The fast measurement rate inherent to the RF beating principle and the ease of use brought by the correction method opens the venue to many applications.
Steep switching tunnel FET: a promise to extend the energy efficient roadmap for post-CMOS digital and analog/RF applications (2013)

Steep switching Tunnel FETs (TFET) can extend the supply voltage scaling with improved energy efficiency for both digital and analog/RF application. In this paper, recent approaches on III-V Tunnel FET device design, prototype device demonstration, modeling techniques and performance evaluations for digital and analog/RF application are discussed and compared to CMOS technology. The impact of steep switching, uni-directional conduction and negative differential resistance characteristics are explored from circuit design perspective. Circuit-level implementation such as III-V TFET based Adder and SRAM design shows significant improvement on energy efficiency and power reduction below 0.3V for digital application. The analog/RF metric evaluation is presented including gm/Ids metric, temperature sensitivity, parasitic impact and noise performance. TFETs exhibit promising performance for high frequency, high sensitivity and ultra-low power RF rectifier application.
Functional Complementation in Yeast Allows Molecular Characterization of Missense Argininosuccinate Lyase Mutations (2009)

Deficiency of argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) causes argininosuccinic aciduria, an urea cycle defect that may present with a severe neonatal onset form or with a late onset phenotype. To date phenotype-genotype correlations are still not clear because biochemical assays of ASL activity correlate poorly with clinical severity in patients. We employed a yeast-based functional complementation assay to assess the pathogenicity of 12 missense ASL mutations, to establish genotype-phenotype correlations, and to screen for intragenic complementation. Rather than determining ASL enzyme activity directly, we have measured the growth rate in arginine-free medium of a yeast ASL(null) strain transformed with individual mutant ASL alleles. Individual haploid strains were also mated to obtain diploid, "compound heterozygous" yeast. We show that the late onset phenotypes arise in patients because they harbor individual alleles retaining high residual enzymatic activity or because of intragenic complementation among different mutated alleles. In these cases complementation occurs because in the hybrid tetrameric enzyme at least one active site without mutations can be formed or because the differently mutated alleles can stabilize each other, resulting in partial recovery of enzymatic activity. Functional complementation in yeast is simple and reproducible and allows the analysis of large numbers of mutant alleles. Moreover, it can be easily adapted for the analysis of mutations in other genes involved in urea cycle disorders.
New Silicone Alloy for Durable Water Repellency on Cotton (1960)

A new silicone alloy made by the simultaneous polymerization of tetravinyl silane and methyl hydrogen siloxane using benzoyl peroxide as a catalyst and methyl isobutyl ketone as a solvent is an excellent water repellent for cotton fabrics as measured by AATCC spray ratings. The treatment is very resistant to soap and detergent action. The alloy may be applied from organic solvents or aqueous emulsions. Greater permanence to laundering was obtained by the solvent method. Best results were obtained by first depositing ZrO 2 in the fabric by double decomposition using a zirconium salt and sodium hydroxide, then padding with either a methyl isobutyl ketone solution or an aqueous emulsion of the alloy and curing for 5 min. at 145° C. A satisfactory one-step process was also developed by incorporating zirconyl acetate or zirconium butoxicle as catalysts in the treating solution or emulsion. Creaseproofing resins may also be incorporated in the formulation.
STUDIES ON HIGH-SPEED DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERSION (2013)

Despite the tremendous advancement in innovations in digitizing and processing signals over the last century, real world signals are inevitably analog in nature.Several approaches have been researched and deployed in order to facilitate the maneuver between the digital and analog domains.Specifically, digital-to-analog converters (DACs) are the lynchpin in systems that realize this art of moving from the digital to the analog world.Several real-world imperfections and limitations have impeded the efficacy of DACs in terms of accuracy, speed and power.Howbeit, a myriad of efforts has been made in the recent past towards improving the performance of DACs.Furthermore, the fundamental conception of DACs poses several challenges at the architectural, circuit and technological levels.These challenges mandate a solid understanding in order to enable DAC designers to move up and down the device-circuit-architecture ladder with dexterity.A closer look at the genetic conception of DACs also reveals interesting answers behind some of the well-known questions, such as: How is the spectral performance related to the resolution?Why does distortion in DACs degrade at high frequencies?In order to effectively address these questions, the science behind digital to analog conversion needs to be revisited from a fresh perspective -what is called as a genetic bit-by-bit engineering approach.Such a radical study leads to fascinating ways to conceive DACs that perform well above their expected limit.This dissertation aims to provide a neoteric and holistic view of the fundamental conception, limitations and challenges in how digital data transcends into the analog would like to thank my parents who gave me various opportunities to pursue my interests in academia and music.Without their love, support and encouragement, nothing would have been possible.OSU was one among my chosen destinations to pursue graduate studies, and the University Fellowship awarded in 2008 was the primary reason for my decision to come here.I would like to thank all the anonymous reviewers who took the time to review my application and recommended me for the fellowship.I wish to begin expressing my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Dr. W. Khalil, for having shown utmost concern towards my progress.Much of my learning and growing up as an individual in the last few years has been tremendously influenced by him.His tireless quest for perfecting ideas on paper and slides, continues to motivate me to search for perfection.Dr. Khalil and I have brainstormed a number of times on various ideas; True to its name, most of these sessions were storming indeed.I sincerely appreciate him for all the patience, confidence
Ring Size Effects in the Neophyl Rearrangement. II. The Decarbonylation of (1-Methylindanyl)acetaldehyde<sup>1,2</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing Size Effects in the Neophyl Rearrangement. II. The Decarbonylation of (1-Methylindanyl)acetaldehyde1,2JAMES W. WILT and CHARLES A. SCHNEIDERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 11, 4196–4199Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01069a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01069a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identifying participants for collaborative merge (2016)

Software development is typically a collaborative activity. Development in large projects often involves branches, where changes are performed in parallel and merged periodically. While, there is no consensus on who should perform the merge, team members typically try to find someone with enough knowledge about the changes in the branches. This task can be difficult in cases where many different developers have made significant changes. My research proposes an approach, TIPMerge, to help select the most appropriate developers to participate in a collaborative merge session, such that we maximize the knowledge spread across changes. The goal of this research is to select a specified number of developers with the highest joint coverage. We use an optimization algorithm to find which developers form the best team together to deal with a specific merge case. We have implemented all the steps of our approach and evaluate parts of them.
Identification of Receptor Subtypes in the Rabbit and Human Urinary Bladder by Selective Radio-Ligand Binding (1988)

Recent advances in receptor technology have demonstrated that subtypes of each autonomic receptor exist. Using both direct radio-ligand studies and the inhibition of receptor binding by subtype-selective pharmacological antagonists, we have studied the distribution of subtypes of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the urinary bladder of the rabbit and man. Alpha adrenergic receptors were quantified by direct binding of tritiated prazosin (alpha-1), yohimbine (alpha-2), and the non-selective alpha adrenergic ligand dihydroergocriptine (DHE). These studies demonstrated that the distribution of alpha receptor subtypes in the bladder base (for both rabbit and human) is approximately 80% alpha-1 and 20% alpha-2. Beta receptor subtypes were identified by the inhibition of the non-selective ligand 3H-dihydroalprenalol (DHA) by the beta-1 selective inhibitor ICI-89 and the beta-2 selective inhibitor ICI-118. Initial studies demonstrated that the beta adrenergic density of the bladder body was 92 fmol per mg. protein for the rabbit and 32 fmol per mg. protein for human bladder body. Inhibition of DHA binding by ICI-118 demonstrated a single class of receptor with an IC50 of approximately 0.013 microM for both rabbit and human. Inhibition of DHA binding by ICI-89 also demonstrated one class of receptors with an IC50 of approximately 9.0 microM for both species. These results indicate that there are primarily beta-2 receptors in the rabbit and human bladder body. Although the number of muscarinic subtypes in existence is currently being re-evaluated, there are at least two which can be identified by the selective muscarinic agent pirenzepine (PZP). The brain has been shown to contain both high and low affinity PZP sites. Using both direct PZP binding to the bladder body, and the inhibition by PZP of the non-selective radio-ligand quinuclidinyl benzylate (QNB), we have demonstrated that both the rabbit and human bladder body have no observable high affinity PZP-selective binding and the inhibition of 3H-QNB by PZP demonstrated that there was only the low-affinity PZP binding site. Although receptor subtypes in the bladder have been the subject of numerous investigations, this is the first study describing the distribution of both adrenergic and cholinergic receptor subtypes in both the rabbit and human.
Probucol attenuates atrial autonomic remodeling in a canine model of atrial fibrillation produced by prolonged atrial pacing. (2009)

The atrial over-expression of beta-NGF possibly caused by increased oxidative stress and inflammation may be the main mechanism underlying atrial autonomic remodeling during AF. Probucol attenuates atrial autonomic remodeling possibly by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.