gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The CREB/CRE transcriptional pathway: protection against oxidative stress‐mediated neuronal cell death (2008)

Formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is a precipitating event in an array of neuropathological conditions. In response to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, transcriptionally dependent mechanisms drive the up-regulation of ROS scavenging proteins which, in turn, limit the extent of brain damage. Here, we employed a transgenic approach in which cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-mediated transcription is repressed (via A-CREB) to examine the contribution of the CREB/cAMP response element pathway to neuroprotection and its potential role in limiting ROS toxicity. Using the pilocarpine-evoked repetitive seizure model, we detected a marked enhancement of cell death in A-CREB transgenic mice. Paralleling this, there was a dramatic increase in tyrosine nitration (a marker of reactive species formation) in A-CREB transgenic mice. In addition, inducible expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha was diminished in A-CREB transgenic mice, as was activity of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Finally, the neuroprotective effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) against ROS-mediated cell death was abrogated by disruption of CREB-mediated transcription. Together, these data both extend our understanding of CREB functionality and provide in vivo validation for a model in which CREB functions as a pivotal upstream integrator of neuroprotective signaling against ROS-mediated cell death.
Radial gradient refractive-index glass rods prepared by a sol–gel method (1986)

An ivestigation has been undertaken for preparation of radial gradient refractive-index (r-GRIN) glass rods by a sol-gel method from metal alkoxides. Water leaching of jelly-like gels (wet gels) prepared from silicon and germanium alkoxides gives rise to a germanium concentration gradient in the gels, which are then densificated by heating to yield r-GRIN glass rods.
The anatomy of a large-scale social search engine (2010)

We present Aardvark, a social search engine. With Aardvark, users ask a question, either by instant message, email, web input, text message, or voice. Aardvark then routes the question to the person in the user's extended social network most likely to be able to answer that question. As compared to a traditional web search engine, where the challenge lies in finding the right document to satisfy a user's information need, the challenge in a social search engine like Aardvark lies in finding the right person to satisfy a user's information need. Further, while trust in a traditional search engine is based on authority, in a social search engine like Aardvark, trust is based on intimacy. We describe how these considerations inform the architecture, algorithms, and user interface of Aardvark, and how they are reflected in the behavior of Aardvark users.
Towards a Unified Penetration Testing Taxonomy (2012)

Penetration testing is a time consuming process which combines different mechanisms (security standards, protocols, best practices, vulnerability databases, techniques and guidelines) to evaluate computer systems and network vulnerabilities. It's main goal is to identify security weaknesses by using methods and procedures that are commonly used by malicious attackers. Furthermore, the best companies have certificated penetration testers to increase the quality and efficiency of their work. However, the rapid technology evolution increases the complexity and decreases security, and it raises the question if these support mechanisms are adequate and up-to-date. To provide an efficient widespread quality assessment of penetration testing process and mechanisms. Our work is formed to use developed framework to depict an efficient taxonomy over widespread technical and non-technical aspects that cover penetration testing process.
Self-Assembled Monolayers as Cu Diffusion Barriers for Ultralow-k Dielectrics (2006)

Ultralow-k dielectrics are mainly porous and pose reliability issues as copper barrier integrity is compromised on porous surfaces. No work is reported on use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as Cu diffusion barrier or to seal pores for ultralow-k dielectrics. We attached SAMs to ultralow-k film and confirmed by analytical techniques such as Auger and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis. We report reduction of leakage current and enhancement of dielectric breakdown voltage of the ultralow-k p-SiLK film after SAM attachment showing it to be a promising barrier material for prevention of Cu diffusion. plasma treated p-SiLK film showed early breakdown and high leakage in spite of SAM attachment.
Improving <i>T</i><sub>2</sub>‐weighted imaging at high field through the use of <i>k<sub>T</sub></i>‐points (2013)

This work demonstrates that T(2) -weighted images devoid of artifacts resulting from B(1)(+) inhomogeneity can be obtained at high field through the optimization of extended kT -point pulses.
Poria cocos water extract (PCW) protects PC12 neuronal cells from beta-amyloid-induced cell death through antioxidant and antiapoptotic functions. (2009)

Beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced neurotoxicity is considered to be mediated through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, the protective effects of Poria cocos water extract (PCW) against Abeta1-42-induced cell death were investigated using rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Exposure of PC12 cells to the Abeta1-42 (20 microM) for 48h resulted in neuronal cell death, whereas pretreatment with PCW at the concentration range of 5-125 microg/ml reduced Abeta1-42-induced cell death. In addition, PC12 cells treated with Abeta1-42 exhibited increased accumulation of intracellular oxidative damages and underwent apoptotic death as determined by characteristic morphological alterations and positive in situ terminal end-labeling (TUNEL staining). However, PCW attenuated Abeta1-42-induced cytotoxicity, apoptotic features, and accumulation of intracellular oxidative damage. Moreover, PCW (5 to 125 microg/ml) decreased expression of apoptotic protein Bax and activity of caspase-3, but enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. These results suggest that PCW may protect cells through suppressing the oxidative stress and the apoptosis induced by Abeta1-42, implying that PCW may be potential natural agents for Alzheimer's diseases.
Application of Stokes' law to ions in aqueous solution (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of Stokes' law to ions in aqueous solutionPaul Chi Fu. Pau, J. O. Berg, and W. G. McMillanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 6, 2671–2679Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100369a080https://doi.org/10.1021/j100369a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2143Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Capless rapid thermal annealing of GaAs using an enhanced overpressure proximity technique (1986)

A new approach for capless rapid thermal annealing of ion implanted III-V semiconductors, the enhanced overpressure proximity (EOP) technique, has been developed and applied to GaAs implanted with Si+. The EOP method relies on the use of a Sn-coated GaAs wafer to provide a localized arsenic overpressure around the ion implanted wafer during the annealing cycle. The arsenic overpressure resulting from this arrangement is greater than the overpressure obtained with the conventional proximity method, which utilizes an untreated GaAs wafer as an arsenic source. This new annealing technique has yielded higher electrical activation and electron mobilities in GaAs than the conventional proximity method as well as an increased latitude in annealing times and temperatures. The EOP approach can be easily extended for capless rapid thermal annealing of other III-V compounds such as InP and InGaAs.
Deep TextSpotter: An End-to-End Trainable Scene Text Localization and Recognition Framework (2017)

A method for scene text localization and recognition is proposed. The novelties include: training of both text detection and recognition in a single end-to-end pass, the structure of the recognition CNN and the geometry of its input layer that preserves the aspect of the text and adapts its resolution to the data.,,The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in the end-to-end text recognition on two standard datasets – ICDAR 2013 and ICDAR 2015, whilst being an order of magnitude faster than competing methods - the whole pipeline runs at 10 frames per second on an NVidia K80 GPU.
OryGenesDB: A database for rice reverse genetics : [P355] (2005)

Insertional mutant databases containing Flanking Sequence Tags (FSTs) are becoming key resources for plant functional genomics. We have developed OryGenesDB (http://orygenesdb.cirad.fr/), a database dedicated to rice reverse genetics. Insertion mutants of rice genes are catalogued by Flanking Sequence Tag (FST) information that can be readily accessed by this database. Our database presently contains 44166 FSTs generated by most of the rice insertional mutagenesis projects. The OryGenesDB genome browser is based on the powerful Generic Genome Browser (GGB) developed in the framework of the Generic Model Organism Project (GMOD). The main interface of our web site displays search and analysis interfaces to look for insertions in any candidate gene of interest. Several starting points can be used to exhaustively retrieve the insertions positions and associated genomic information using blast, keywords or gene name search. The toolbox integrated in our database also includes an "anchoring option" that allows immediate mapping and visualization of up to 50 nucleic acid sequences in the rice Genome Browser of OryGenesDB. As a first step toward plant comparative genomics, we have linked the rice and Arabidopsis whole genome using all the predicted pairs of orthologs by best BLAST mutual hit (BBMH) connectors.
Preparation of Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous (Monetite) Biological Coating on Titanium by Spray-Drying Method (2017)

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in the manufacture of endosseous implants due to excellent biocompatibility, low elastic modulus, and good chemical stability. However, the titanium based metals are essentially bioinert materials. In order to improve their bioactivity, biological coatings are usually applied. Recent studies found that, compared with hydroxyapatite coating, dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA, Monetite) coating maybe more bioactive due to higher solubility and release of Ca and P ions. In this work, DCPA coating was prepared through a novel and simple method. Briefly, high concentration DCPA solution was sprayed onto superhydrophilic titanium and the specimens were dried fast in an air-circulating oven. After repeating the process over 100 times, a compact coating was fabricated. The microstructure, chemical composition, wettability, and in vitro bioactivity of the coating were analyzed and evaluated. Results showed that the coating fully covered the substrate and consisted of a large number of uniformly sized DCPA granules that packed together closely. The coating showed good wettability and could keep the property for a long time. After immersion in simulated body fluid for 2 weeks, a large amount of bone-like apatite with low crystallinity was induced implying a good bioactivity.
Raman spectroscopy in enzymology: the first 25 years (1998)

In principle, Raman spectroscopy has the potential to answer many of the questions pertaining to the chemical detail of enzyme mechanisms. However, its application has been held back by the twin difficulties of lack of sensitivity and selectivity for large macromolecular complexes. This review addresses the development of the technique over the past 25 years to overcome these handicaps. Due to technical innovations, the field stands at the brink of being applicable to a much wider range of enzyme systems; high-throughput spectrographs coupled with red excitation are improving sensitivity and eliminating many of the problems formerly encountered with the interfering fluorescence background. The advantages and disadvantages of resonance Raman and Raman difference spectroscopy for studying enzyme complexes are outlined. For a relatively few systems, unique information has been obtained in the areas of precise substrate geometries in functioning intermediates, on active site-to-substrate hydrogen bonds and on probing the strong electrostatic forces that can drive catalysis. These studies are detailed, with emphasis on how they provide powerful insight on enzyme mediated catalysis. With the improvements due to technical advances, the impact of these kinds of insights will soon be felt across the whole field of enzymology. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of wireless battery charger using near-field induction method (2015)

Wireless power transfer system allows electric current to flow from one device to another without intermediate copper wire. This technology facilitates the battery charging process on electronic tools that have relatively little power. Wireless power transfer technology utilizes properties of magnetic induction between transmitter and receiver coils. The efficiency of wireless energy transfer depends on the distance between the coils and their frequency. In this paper successfully designed wireless power charging that work at a frequency of 60.606 kHz using near-field method and flat pancake wheeler coil types. Optimal efficiency of 41.06% was obtained when the distance between the coils is 2cm.
Proof of correctness of high-performance 3—1 interlock collapsing ALUs (1993)

A 32-bit 3—1 interlock collapsing ALU, proposed to allow the execution of two interlocked ALU-type instructions in one machine cycle using an instruction-level parallel machine implementation, is shown to produce results equivalent to a serial execution of the instructions using a 2—1 ALU. The equivalence is shown by deriving tables which represent all possible requirements for the serial execution of the instructions followed by the generalization of the table to represent sets of instructions rather than the individual instructions themselves. Consequently, the equivalence of the 3—1 interlock collapsing ALU operations with these generalized requirements of the serial execution of the instructions is shown. The correctness of a proposed high-speed interlock collapsing ALU is thereby demonstrated.
Development of artificial neural networks for <i>in</i> <i>situ</i> ellipsometry of films growing on unknown substrates (1994)

An in situ ellipsometry method has recently been developed by the authors in which the refractive index and thickness of a growing film can be computed without knowledge of the underlying interface layers and the substrate. The method makes use of five in situ measurements through windows in a deposition system. A ‘‘virtual interface’’ is defined by the first measurement made after the growth has settled down following the initial interfacial microstructure such as island formation and interface reactions. A variably damped least squares algorithm computes the optical properties of the growing overlayer film, four thicknesses (of growth past the virtual interface), and the complex reflection coefficients of the virtual interface. However, this algorithm alone is slow and requires initial estimates within a few percent of the solution. Artificial neural networks have been developed to provide very quickly (sub millisecond) initial estimates of sufficient accuracy to improve overall solution speed with the goal of real time operation. Results using several different multilayer perceptron architectures will be presented. Performance using existing in situ data recorded for Ni and Au grown on BK7 substrates are presented.
Who Wants a Hearing Aid? Personality Profiles of Hearing Aid Seekers (2005)

Although individual hearing aid seekers display personality characteristics within the range of normal, this study suggested that they are not simply a random sample of the general population. Possible explanations are offered for significant personality differences, and potential clinical relevance is noted for some effects. The data also point to a need to improve the public image of hearing health care in the PP system.
Implications of Crystal Structure on Organotin Carboxylate Photoresists† (2017)

Abstract A series of five organotin carboxylates of the type [RSn(O)O 2 CR’] 6 containing n ‐butyl ligands and carboxylates ranging in size from formate to diphenylacetate were synthesized and examined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The crystal and packing structures of each compound were compared with regards to the steric and intermolecular forces of the varying carboxylate groups in order to aid the understanding of how these same factors relate to irradiation trends in EUV lithography of thin films. The trends found are compared to other factors that may also dictate resist formation in order to elucidate a fuller picture of the chemical transformations that occur when patterning inorganic materials.
In vivo targeting of colonic dysplasia on fluorescence endoscopy with near-infrared octapeptide (2012)

A NIR peptide was shown to be highly specific for colonic adenomas on fluorescence endoscopy in vivo and to achieve sub-cellular resolution images.
Moire interferometry for engineering and science (2005)

Moire interferometry provides contour maps of in-plane displacement fields with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. It has matured rapidly as an invaluable tool for engineering analyses, proved by many industrial and scientific applications. With the typical reference grating frequency of 2400 lines/mm, the contour interval is 0.417 &mu;m displacement per fringe order. For microscopic moire interferometry, sensitivity corresponding to 17 nm per contour has been achieved. Reliable normal strains and shear strains are extracted from the displacement data for bodies under mechanical, thermal and hydrostatic loading. The characteristics and basic concepts of moire interferometry are reviewed. Significant examples from the fields of composite materials, fracture mechanics, electronic packaging and biomechanics are presented.
Tourism and the Anthropocene (2014)

The Anthropocene is a proposed term for a new phase in the history of both humanity and the Earth – a geological epoch in which their respective forces intertwine on a planetary scale. As a concept, the Anthropocene has recently gained momentum also in the humanities and the social sciences, but not yet in Tourism Studies. The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of the Anthropocene to Tourism Studies and to explore and outline scientific, political, and ethical challenges. In the context of the Anthropocene, tourism becomes a geophysical force censoriously interrelated with the capacity of the Earth to sustain the human species.
HotSnap: a hot distributed snapshot system for virtual machine cluster (2013)

The management of virtual machine cluster (VMC) is challenging owing to the reliability requirements, such as non-stop service, failure tolerance, etc. Distributed snapshot of VMC is one promising approach to support system reliability, it allows the system administrators of data centers to recover the system from failure, and resume the execution from a intermediate state rather than the initial state. However, due to the heavyweight nature of virtual machine (VM) technology, applications running in the VMC suffer from long downtime and performance degradation during snapshot. Besides, the discrepancy of snapshot completion times among VMs brings the TCP backoff problem, resulting in network interruption between two communicating VMs. This paper proposes HotSnap, a VMC snapshot approach designed to enable taking hot distributed snapshot with milliseconds system downtime and TCP backoff duration. At the core of HotSnap is transient snapshot that saves the minimum instantaneous state in a short time, and full snapshot which saves the entire VM state during normal operation. We then design the snapshot protocol to coordinate the individual VM snapshots into the global consistent state of VMC. We have implemented HotSnap on QE-MU/KVM, and conduct several experiments to show the effectiveness and efficiency. Compared to the live migration based distributed snapshot technique which brings seconds of system downtime and network interruption, HotSnap only incurs tens of milliseconds.
Electrochemical Performance of an All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery with Garnet-Type Oxide Electrolyte (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Morphometric analysis of LPS-stimulated human monocytes by computer-assisted image analysis. (1998)

This report describes the results of applying the computer-assisted image analysis system for the measurement of some cytological parameters of LPS-stimulated and nonstimulated human monocytes. The experiments were carried out by means of the digital cell image analysis of haematoxilyn stained monocytes. Five different parameters describing the morphology of monocytes and their nuclei were selected to quantitate the differences between control and activated cells area, perimeter, elongation, dispersion, and extension of images of cell projections. The results suggest that all of the analysed parameters can be used to discriminate stimulated from nonstimulated monocytes which permits detailed monitoring of the changes in cell morphology during monocyte activation.
Enhanced light–matter interaction of a MoS<sub>2</sub> monolayer with a gold mirror layer (2017)

The light–matter interaction of the MoS<sub>2</sub> monolayer can be enhanced on a substrate with a gold mirror layer.
Structure-factor analysis of femtosecond microdiffraction patterns from protein nanocrystals (2011)

A complete set of structure factors has been extracted from hundreds of thousands of femtosecond single-shot X-ray microdiffraction patterns taken from randomly oriented nanocrystals. The method of Monte Carlo integration over crystallite size and orientation was applied to experimental data from Photosystem I nanocrystals. This arrives at structure factors from many partial reflections without prior knowledge of the particle-size distribution. The data were collected at the Linac Coherent Light Source (the first hard-X-ray laser user facility), to which was fitted a hydrated protein nanocrystal injector jet, according to the method of serial crystallography. The data are single 'still' diffraction snapshots, each from a different nanocrystal with sizes ranging between 100 nm and 2 µm, so the angular width of Bragg peaks was dominated by crystal-size effects. These results were compared with single-crystal data recorded from large crystals of Photosystem I at the Advanced Light Source and the quality of the data was found to be similar. The implications for improving the efficiency of data collection by allowing the use of very small crystals, for radiation-damage reduction and for time-resolved diffraction studies at room temperature are discussed.