gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Circuit Manufacturability (1998)

"INTEGRATED CIRCUIT MANUFACTURABILITY provides comprehensive coverage of the process and design variables that determine the ease and feasibility of fabrication (or manufacturability) of contemporary VLSI systems and circuits. This book progresses from semiconductor processing to electrical design to system architecture. The material provides a theoretical background as well as case studies, examining the entire design for the manufacturing path from circuit to silicon. Each chapter includes tutorial and practical applications coverage. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT MANUFACTURABILITY illustrates the implications of manufacturability at every level of abstraction, including the effects of defects on the layout, their mapping to electrical faults, and the corresponding approaches to detect such faults. The reader will be introduced to key practical issues normally applied in industry and usually required by quality, product, and design engineering departments in today's design practices: * Yield management strategies * Effects of spot defects * Inductive fault analysis and testing * Fault-tolerant architectures and MCM testing strategies. This book will serve design and product engineers both from academia and industry. It can also be used as a reference or textbook for introductory graduate-level courses on manufacturing."
Investigation of a power divider using a coaxial probe array in a coaxial waveguide (2007)

A novel coaxial-waveguide power divider using coaxial probe array that achieved low-loss probe-to-waveguide transitions is presented. The small reflection theory of transverse electomagnetic (TEM) lines is extended to synthesise the gradual waveguide taper, and the equivalent-circuit approach is applied to analyse the coaxial probe array. The design and simulation of a single probe-to-waveguide transition have been developed. The detailed design, simulation, fabrication and measurements of a four-way coaxial power divider are discussed. The measured results agree well with the simulated results. The measured 15 dB return loss bandwidth of this waveguide power divider is demonstrated to be 8.2 GHz (fL=7.8 GHz, fH=16 GHz) and its 0.5 dB insertion loss bandwidth 11 GHz.
Comments on "Throughput Analysis for Persistent CSMA Systems" (1987)

We present a brief and simple analysis of asynchronous (unslotted) 1-Persistent CSMA protocols in the worst-case star topology. The purpose is two-fold. First, we give a simple approach based on an embedded Markov chain at the beginning of subbusy periods that greatly simplifies the analysis. And second, using the above approach we give the correct analysis for 1-Persistent CSMA with collision detection, since the only available analysis of the present model [1] is in error.
Recent Development in Oil Well Cementing (1959)

Abstract The success of oil field cementing operations, whether for completion or remedial purposes, is a vital factor in determining the well's future productive life and the eventual return on the well owner's investment. With the advent of deeper and deeper wells, requiring specialized cement formulations with critical solid-to-water ratios, slurry density must be closely controlled. If the cement job is to be successful and the set cement is to have optimum strength and sealing characteristics, proper slurry density is important to insure proper initial viscosity, pump ability time, and strength after a predetermined waiting-on-cement time. The problems of the control of cement density, cement water-loss, and cement retardation have been solved by the use of such additives as Diacel"D", Diacel "LWL" and Diacel "A". Another fairly recent development is a cementing service called "Cealment" (R) employing a specialized mixture of latex and Portland cement designed to improve the properties of the Portland cement.
Growth Characteristics of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Progenitors That Initiate Malignant Hematopoiesis in Nonobese Diabetic/Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice (1999)

The use of immunodeficient mice, particularly of the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) strain, has allowed detection of very primitive malignant progenitors from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). To define the sensitivity and reproducibility with which the engraftment of different AML cells can be detected, 61 different samples from patients with newly diagnosed AML representing a variety of cytogenetic and French-American-British (FAB) subtypes were injected into NOD/SCID mice. Eight weeks after intravenous injection of 107 AML cells, the average percent of human cells in mouse bone marrow was 13.3%, with 70% of samples showing easily detectable engraftment of CD45+ cells. AML samples with cytogenetic changes associated with a poor clinical prognosis tended to engraft to higher levels than those with changes associated with a good prognosis. Cells with FAB subtypes M3 and, to a lesser extent, M2, engrafted more poorly (P = .002 and .06, respectively) than those from other subtypes. Intraperitoneal injection of human interleukin-3 and Steel factor thrice weekly for 4 weeks did not enhance the levels of AML cell engraftment. However, AML samples that showed cytokine-independent colony growth in methylcellulose assay or expressed growth-factor mRNA in malignant blasts achieved significantly higher levels of engraftment than those which were cytokine dependent in culture or failed to express cytokine message (P < .03 and P < .02, respectively). In 6 patient samples, the frequency of NOD/SCID leukemia-initiating cells (NOD/SL-IC) varied from 0.7 to 45 per 107 cells, which was 200- to 800-fold lower than the frequency of AML long-term culture-initiating cells (AML LTC-IC) in the same samples. Each NOD/SL-IC will produce more than 106leukemic blasts as well as many AML-CFC and AML LTC-IC as detected 8 weeks postinjection into mice. Serial transplant experiments showed the ability of NOD/SL-IC to maintain their own numbers over at least 3 to 4 weeks in vivo. The ability of these progenitors to self-renew combined with their potential to differentiate to produce large numbers of more mature progenitors and leukemic blasts suggests that the NOD/SL-IC assay identifies leukemic ‘stem cells’ that may maintain the malignant clone in human patients. The further use of this assay should facilitate studies of AML stem cell biology and the evolution of novel therapeutic strategies.
The Eyes Know (2012)

In two experiments, we examined whether observers' eye movements distinguish studied faces from highly similar novel faces. Participants' eye movements were monitored while they viewed three-face displays. Target-present displays contained a studied face and two morphed faces that were visually similar to it; target-absent displays contained three morphed faces that were visually similar to a studied, but not tested, face. On each trial in a test session, participants were instructed to choose the studied face if it was present or a random face if it was not and then to indicate whether the chosen face was studied. Whereas manipulating visual similarity in target-absent displays influenced the rate of false endorsements of nonstudied items as studied, eye movements proved impervious to this manipulation. Studied faces were viewed disproportionately from 1,000 to 2,000 ms after display onset and from 1,000 to 500 ms before explicit identification. Early viewing also distinguished studied faces from faces incorrectly endorsed as studied. Our findings show that eye movements provide a relatively pure index of past experience that is uninfluenced by explicit response strategies, and suggest that eye movement measures may be of practical use in applied settings.
<title>Electrochromic tungsten oxide films for variable infrared reflectance devices</title> (2001)

The dependence of the infrared spectral optical constants, n<SUB>(lambda</SUB> ) and k<SUB>(lambda</SUB> ), of electrochromic tungsten oxide thin films, prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperatures, on the quantities of charge, q, inserted has been determined from spectrophotometric measurements of transmittance and reflectance. For WO<SUB>3</SUB> films deposited at temperatures greater than 200 degree(s)C significant infrared absorption is observed to rise with increasing levels of charge insertion. For the most crystalline films prepared at temperatures greater than 350 degree(s)C the rates of change dn<SUB>(lambda</SUB> )/dq and dk<SUB>(lambda</SUB> )/dq are greatest. The results provide essential design data for variable reflectance/emittance devices. Rear surface devices, which mask the reflectance of a highly reflective rear surface mirror through a charge dependent increase in k<SUB>(lambda</SUB> ), have been successfully demonstrated using either liquid or solid electrolytes. Monolithic devices have been prepared using a hybrid combination of sputtered and electron-beam evaporated coatings.
Exposure to antimony from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) trays used in ready-to-eat meals (2007)

Antimony residues, a result of the use of a polycondensation catalyst in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) oven-proof trays, were analysed in ready-to-eat meals. The toxicity of antimony has raised concerns about consumer safety; therefore, the migration of small fractions of these residues into ready meals and foods as a result of cooking directly in the PET trays was studied. A straightforward approach of measuring real samples was selected to obtain accurate exposure data. Background antimony concentration was determined separately from a series of lunch meals, which ranged from not detectable to 3.4 microg kg(-1). Microwave and conventional oven-cooking caused a distinct increase in the concentration of antimony in food and ready meals of 0-17 and 8-38 microg kg(-1), respectively, depending, to a certain extent, on the industrial preparations. The migrated quantities of antimony corresponded to 3-13 microg. For comparison, PET roasting bags and ready-made dough products in PET baking dishes were also evaluated. About half of the products prepared at a temperature of 180 degrees C exceeded the specific migration limit set for food contact material by the European Commission. However, the migrated amounts of antimony relative to the accepted tolerable daily intake (TDI) show that exposure from this type of food is currently not of toxicological concern.
Microplasmas and applications (2006)

Atmospheric-pressure, non-equilibrium plasmas are susceptible to instabilities and, in particular, to arcing (glow-to-arc transition). Spatially confining the plasma to dimensions of 1 mm or less is a promising approach to the generation and maintenance of stable, glow discharges at atmospheric-pressure. Often referred to as microdischarges or microplasmas, these weakly-ionized discharges represent a new and fascinating realm of plasma science, where issues such as the possible breakdown of 'pd scaling' and the role of boundary-dominated phenomena come to the fore. Microplasmas are generated under conditions that promote the efficient production of transient molecular species such as the rare gas excimers, which generally are formed by three-body collisions. Pulsed excitation on a sub-microsecond time scale results in microplasmas with significant shifts in both the temperatures and energy distribution functions associated with the ions and electrons. This allows for the selective production of chemically reactive species and opens the door to a wide range of new applications of microplasmas. The implementation of semiconductor and microelectronics and MEMs microfabrication techniques has resulted in the realization of microplasma arrays as large as 250,000 devices. Fabricated in silicon or ceramics with characteristic device dimensions as small as 10 µm and at packing densities up to 104 cm−2, these arrays offer optical and electrical characteristics well suited for applications in medical diagnostics, displays and environmental sensing. Several microplasma device structures, including their fundamental properties and selected applications, will be discussed.
Alterations in Deciduous Dental Pulp Cells Cultured with Serum-free Medium (2015)

Human mesenchymal stem cells are capable of differentiating into various cell types and are useful for applications in regenerative medicine. Previous studies have indicated that stem cells can be isolated from dental pulp, and dental pulp exfoliated from deciduous teeth has become a useful alternative for dental tissue engineering because of its higher proliferation rate. For clinical application, it is necessary to culture cells in vitro and to obtain sufficient numbers of cells as quickly as possible. Furthermore, it is necessary to confirm the change in cells cultured in vitro in order to ensure that they have suitable characteristics. In this study, to investigate the changes in human deciduous dental pulp cells cultured with serum-free media, we analyzed cell proliferation, cell morphology and gene expression changes by microarray analysis. We found a high cell proliferation rate in cells that were cultured in STK2 that is a serum-free medium, and cells tended to remain in close contact with one another in cell morphology. In addition, 3248 genes were expressed at >2-fold higher levels in dental pulp cells from deciduous teeth cultured with STK2 compared with medium containing fetal bovine serum for 3 days.
Communication synthesis for embedded systems with global considerations (1997)

Designers of distributed embedded systems require communication synthesis to more effectively explore the design space. Communication synthesis creates or instantiates the necessary software and hardware required to allow system components to exchange data. This work examines the problem of mapping a high-level specification to an arbitrary, but fixed architecture that uses particular bus protocols for interprocessor communication. The approach detailed in this paper illustrates that global considerations are necessary to achieve a correct implementation. A communication model is presented that allows for easy retargeting to different bus topologies and protocols. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by mapping a high-level specification to different architectures.
Lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles will revolutionize spatial ecology (2013)

Ecologists require spatially explicit data to relate structure to function. To date, heavy reliance has been placed on obtaining such data from remote‐sensing instruments mounted on spacecraft or manned aircraft, although the spatial and temporal resolutions of the data are often not suited to local‐scale ecological investigations. Recent technological innovations have led to an upsurge in the availability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) – aircraft remotely operated from the ground – and there are now many lightweight UAVs on offer at reasonable costs. Flying low and slow, UAVs offer ecologists new opportunities for scale‐appropriate measurements of ecological phenomena. Equipped with capable sensors, UAVs can deliver fine spatial resolution data at temporal resolutions defined by the end user. Recent innovations in UAV platform design have been accompanied by improvements in navigation and the miniaturization of measurement technologies, allowing the study of individual organisms and their spatiotemporal dynamics at close range.
LAS OBRAS HIDRAULICAS ESPAÑOLAS Y SU RELACION CON LAS AMERICANAS (1990)

. In this paper the Spanish works known of old and those recently discovered are described, and their resembla'nces to those built in the New World down to the beginnings of the • 9th century are analysed. Important among the Roman ones are the dams of Proserpina, Cornalbo and Esparralejo. The aqueducts of Segovia, Tarragona, Toledo and others that might serve as models for the construction of colonial aqueducts are also recalled. During the Middle Ages numerous diversion dams and networks of canals, irrigation ditches .�
Structure-based modeling of the functional HIV-1 intasome and its inhibition (2010)

The intasome is the basic recombination unit of retroviral integration, comprising the integrase protein and the ends of the viral DNA made by reverse transcription. Clinical inhibitors preferentially target the DNA-bound form of integrase as compared with the free protein, highlighting the critical requirement for detailed understanding of HIV-1 intasome structure and function. Although previous biochemical studies identified integrase residues that contact the DNA, structural details of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions within the functional intasome were lacking. The recent crystal structure of the prototype foamy virus (PFV) integrase-viral DNA complex revealed numerous details of this related integration machine. Structures of drug-bound PFV intasomes moreover elucidated the mechanism of inhibitor action. Herein we present a model for the HIV-1 intasome assembled using the PFV structure as template. Our results pinpoint previously identified protein-DNA contacts within the quaternary structure and reveal hitherto unknown roles for Arg20 and Lys266 in DNA binding and integrase function. Models for clinical inhibitors bound at the HIV-1 integrase active site were also constructed and compared with previous studies. Our findings highlight the structural basis for HIV-1 integration and define the mechanism of its inhibition, which should help in formulating new drugs to inhibit viruses resistant to first-in-class compounds.
3.48mW 2.4GHz range Frequency Synthesizer Architecture with Two-Point Channel Control for Fast Settling Performance (2005)

A new frequency synthesizer architecture with lowpower and very short settling time is introduced for 2.4GHz ZigBee applications. It uses two-point channel control with divider control and direct VCO control. A DAC with tunable gain is used along with a linearized varactor for the direct VCO control path. Despite the use of an integer-N architecture with 50kHz loop bandwidth, we have achieved a frequency settling time of less than l0μsec for 80MHz frequency jumping from 2400MHz. The proposed modified-TSPC circuit topology with 2-transistor stacks operational with lower supply voltage is used for the high frequency divider circuits. With a lowered supply voltage of 1.OV, the power consumption is significantly reduced and so is the switching noise induced by TSPC and digital circuits. With the -112 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1MHz offset from 2.44GHz, total power consumption using 0.18μm CMOS technology is only 3.48mW.
Studies on the Role of Fluoride Ion vs Reaction Concentration in Zeolite Synthesis (2004)

This work is an experimental response to an intriguing paper recently published by Catlow and co-workers, which looked at the computational feasibility of fluorine location in three different all-silica zeotypes (Attfield, M. P.; Catlow, C. R. A.; Sokol, A. A. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 4708). The materials were chosen as representative of three unique host locations. Our present work examined the synthesis of zeotypes AST, IFR, and MTT using organo-cations with a strong preference for crystallizing these structures. We studied the effect of reaction time and the H(2)O/SiO(2) reactant ratio. The latter is probably the most important function in these zeolite crystallizations that use HF. As reaction conditions became more dilute, AST gave way to SGT and IFR to MTW as host structures, while the MTT synthesis was invariant. Our reactions were studied in terms of product yield vs time, product organo-cation content, fluorine content, and the representative (29)Si and (19)F NMR spectra for certain samples. A single crystal study was carried out for a sample of MTT. Our results showed that, consistent with other recent studies, low H(2)O/SiO(2) reactant ratios lead to more open framework host structures (i.e., IFR vs MTW), and there is typically a higher uptake of organo-cation and fluorine. The structure may well contain a higher population of 4-rings within the silicate substructure. While MTT that contains no 4-rings was chosen as the best possible candidate to achieve an ion-pair for the organo-cation and fluoride anion within the silicate host, both NMR and single crystal work confirm that fluoride is bonded to a 5-coordinate silica center within the lattice.
Virtual environment teleoperation of a hydraulic forestry crane (2008)

A teleoperation system has been developed for a hydraulic crane, of the type used on a forwarder vehicle, which travels off-road and collects logs cut by a harvester. The system developed consists of a 3D virtual environment, which allows the user to input a desired position for the crane tip using either the mouse or a joystick. The desired position is then transmitted (via UDP/IP) to a local control system. The crane is a redundant manipulator, so movements of the individual links are calculated using a pseudoinverse method, and controlled using PIDs with friction compensation. Encoder data from the crane links are continuously sent back to the user side, and the crane’s movement is visualized in the virtual environment. The system has been tested on a real forwarder crane, experimental results and a video of the system’s performance are provided.
Lovastatin Reduces Nuclear Factor &kappa;B Activation Induced by C-Reactive Protein in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells (2005)

The role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in atherogenesis has been supported by more recent data. Some studies have demonstrated marked up-regulation inflammatory responses in endothelial cells subjected to CRP. The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signal transduction is known to play a key role in the expression of these proatherogenic entities. Statins have anti-inflammatory properties independent of their cholesterol-lowering effects. Therefore, we studied the effects of CRP and lovastatin on NF-kappaB activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). By using an electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), we found that CRP (50 microg/ml) increased activation of NF-kappaB and degradation of inhibitory kappa B (IkappaB) in HUVECs, reaching a maximal effect after the incubation with CRP for 1 h. Lovastatin (10(-5) mol/l) diminished NF-kappaB activation induced by CRP. Furthermore, lovastatin may block NF-kappaB activation by causing a stabilization of the IkappaB-alpha in cellular cytoplasm with western blotting analysis. Preincubation of HUVECs with pyrrolidinethiocarbamate (PDTC, NF-kappaB inhibitor) diminished CD40 expression induced by CRP with flow cytometry. Our results suggest that CRP increases activation of NF-kappaB and induces CD40 expression in HUVECs partly via activation of NF-kappaB. Lovastatin, through the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, reduces the inflammation involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.