gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CRYOTHERAPY : A SYSTEMIC REVIEW (2018)

Cryotherapy  is a pain treatment that uses a method of localized freezing temperatures to deaden an irritated nerve. Cryotherapy is the local or general use of low temperatures in medical therapy. Cryotherapy is used to treat a variety of benign and malignant tissue damage, medically called lesions. The therapeutic use of cold , has clinical applications in rehabilitation and in other areas of medicine.Cryotherapy is used primarily outside of rehabilitation for the destruction of malignanat and non – malignant tissues growths;very low temperature are used  , and cooling is generally applied directly to the tissue  being treated . In rehabilitation  , mild cooling is used to control inflammation , pain and edema ;to reduce spasticity ; to control symp[toms of multiple scelorsis ; and to facilitate movement . This type of cryotherapy is applied to the skin but can decrease  tissue temperature deep to the area of application  , including tne intra – articular area .
Temperature Distribution in Insulated Temperature-Controlled Container by Numerical Simulation (2020)

Cold-storage containers are widely used in cold-chain logistics transportation due to their energy saving, environmental protection, and low operating cost. The uniformity of temperature distribution is significant in agricultural-product storage and transportation. This paper explored temperature distribution in the container by numerical simulation, which included ventilation velocity and the fan location. Numerical model/numerical simulation showed good agreement with experimental data in terms of temporal and spatial air temperature distribution. Results showed that the cooling rate improved as velocity increased, and temperature at 45 min was the lowest, when velocity was 16 m/s. Temperature-distribution uniformity in the compartment became worse with the increase in ventilation velocity, but its lowest temperature decreased with a velocity increase. With regard to fan energy consumption, the cooling rate of the cooling module, and temperature-field distribution in the product area, velocity of 12 m/s was best. Temperature standard deviation and nonuniformity coefficient in the container were 0.87 and 2.1, respectively, when fans were located in the top four corners of the container. Compared with before, the average temperature in the box was decreased by 0.12 °C, and the inhomogeneity coefficient decreased by more than twofold. The results of this paper provide a better understanding of temperature distribution in cold-storage containers, which helps to optimize their structure and parameters.
Reconfigurable dual-band low noise amplifier design and realization (2014)

A reconfigurable dual-band LNA is presented. The LNA employs switching capacitors and circuit in to realize the dual-band operation. These methodologies are used to design and implement a reconfigurable LNA for IMT-A and UWB application. The LNA is implemented using TSMC-0.13 μm CMOS technology. Measured performance shows an input matching of better than −13.5 dB, a voltage gain of 18–22.8 dB, with an NF of 4.3–4.7 dB in the band of 3.4–3.6 GHz, and an input matching of better than −9.7 dB, a voltage gain of 14.7–22.4 dB, and with an NF of 3.7–4.9 dB in the band of 4.2–4.8 GHz. According to the measure results, the proposed LNA achieves dual-band operation, and it proves the feasibility of the proposed topology.
New Conjugated Polymer Based on Dihydroindoloindole for LEDs (2006)

New electroluminescence polymer, poly(5,10-dihexyl-5,10-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]indole-2,7-diyl) (PININO) was synthesized by Yamamoto conditions with Ni(0) catalyst. The full characterization of structures and properties as well as the performances of the electroluminescence devices of the new polymer are presented. The resulting polymer, which exhibits good solubility in common organic solvents, was used as the electroluminescence layer for the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (ITO/PEDOT/polymer/Al). PININO shows turn-on voltage of 2.5 V, and electroluminescence (EL) with maximum peak at 490 nm, maximum brightness of 40 cd/<TEX>$m^{2}$</TEX> at 8 V, and efficiency of 0.002 cd/A at 350 mA/<TEX>$cm^{2}$</TEX>.
Expression analysis of a highly expressed gene in mice testis,Rfx2 (2010)

Objective To screen the genes which were significantly changed in mouse spermatogenesis.Methods Testes cDNA samples from Balb/C mice of different postnatal days were hybridized with mouse whole genome Affymetrix chip to screen the spermatogenesis-related genes.Results The characteristics of the different-expressed genes were analyzed by various bioinformatics tools and finally one gene was chosen to furtherly investigate,which was confirmed as Rfx2 by the database in NCBI.The scaling hybridization signal intensities of Rfx2 were gradually heightened with developmental stages of mouse testis.For instence,the signal intensities on postnatal day 4,day 9,day 18,day 35,day 54,and 6 months were 22.9(Absent expression,A),1.5(A),130.3(Present expression,P),65.6(P),112.7(P) and 71.7(P),respectively.By combination with the RT-PCR analysis of mouse Rfx2,we further ensured that mouse Rfx2 begins to express from the postnatal day 18 and it is an age-dependent gene in mouse testis.Conclusion In the end,Rfx2 was considered that it would have an important role which was involved in male mammalian spermatogenesis.
Selective class III antiarrhythmic agents. 1. Bis(arylalkyl)amines (1990)

A series of bis(arylalkyl)amines is described and their effects on prolonging effective refractory period in isolated cardiac tissue listed. Most compounds prolonged the cardiac action potential without significantly altering the maximum rate of depolarization and may be defined as selective class III antiarrhythmic agents. It was found that a particularly advantageous structural feature was to have a methanesulfonamido moiety on both of the aryl rings. Thus, compound 16 [1-(4-methanesulfonamidophenoxy)2-[N-(4-methanesulfonamidophene thyl)-N- methylamine]ethane] was selected for further investigations. The compound is highly potent and selective class III agent which acts by blockade of cardiac potassium channels.
Dispersion correction for acoustic borehole logging data (2017)

Compressional and shear formation velocities are key to the prediction of petrophysical properties from seismic attributes. In fast formations shear velocity may be obtained from monopole source, but in slow formations, it is commonly determined from the flexural mode associated with dipole excitation, which is a dispersive borehole-guided mode who’s low frequency and high frequency asymptote to the formation S-velocity, and to the Scholte-velocity, respectively. The shear slowness is commonly computed from well log dipole flexural mode data using Semblance Time Coherence (STC) processing. Dispersion is handled by restricting the waveforms spectral content to the low frequencies that travel close to the formation’s shear velocity. This restricting may not eliminate the need for a residual dispersion correction. Inversion addresses this difficulty by computing shear slowness directly from observed dispersion characteristics. In order to make the inversion efficient the iterative steps which compare observed and forward modeled dispersion curves are replaced with a neural net trained on a large number of pre-modeled curves generated with known formation and borehole properties. Automated mode frequency detection constrains the bandwidth over which dispersion curves are matched. Results from 127,000 modelled and field data points show improved accuracy and precision relative to STC processing.
Biaxially textured copper and copper–iron alloy substrates for use in YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7−<i>x</i></sub>coated conductors (2005)

Copper and Cu–Fe (Fe ∼2.35 wt%) alloy substrates were thermo-mechanically processed and the biaxial texture development, magnetic properties, yield strength, and electrical resistivity were studied and compared to determine their suitability as substrates for high-temperature superconducting coated conductor applications. Average full width half maximum (FWHM) of 5.5° in Phi scans (in-plane alignment), and 6.6° in omega scans (out-of-plane alignment) was obtained in copper samples. Cu–Fe samples showed 5.9° FWHM in Phi scans and 5.9° in omega scans. Even with the presence of 2.35% Fe in the Cu-alloy, the saturation magnetization (Msat) value was found to be 4.27 emu g−1 at 5 K, which is less than in Ni samples by an order of magnitude and comparable to that of Ni–9 at.% W substrates. The yield strength of the annealed Cu–Fe alloy substrate was found to be at least two times higher than that of similarly annealed copper substrates. The electrical resistivity of Cu–Fe alloy was found to be an order of magnitude higher than that of pure copper at 77 K.
Low-cost asset tracking using location-aware camera phones (2010)

Maintaining an accurate and up-to-date inventory of one's assets is a labor-intensive, tedious, and costly operation. To ease this difficult but important task, we design and implement a mobile asset tracking system for automatically generating an inventory by snapping photos of the assets with a smartphone. Since smartphones are becoming ubiquitous, construction and deployment of our inventory management solution is simple and costeffective. Automatic asset recognition is achieved by first segmenting individual assets out of the query photo and then performing bag-of-visual-features (BoVF) image matching on the segmented regions. The smartphone's sensor readings, such as digital compass and accelerometer measurements, can be used to determine the location of each asset, and this location information is stored in the inventory for each recognized asset. As a special case study, we demonstrate a mobile book tracking system, where users snap photos of books stacked on bookshelves to generate a location-aware book inventory. It is shown that segmenting the book spines is very important for accurate feature-based image matching into a database of book spines. Segmentation also provides the exact orientation of each book spine, so more discriminative upright local features can be employed for improved recognition. This system's mobile client has been implemented for smartphones running the Symbian or Android operating systems. The client enables a user to snap a picture of a bookshelf and to subsequently view the recognized spines in the smartphone's viewfinder. Two different pose estimates, one from BoVF geometric matching and the other from segmentation boundaries, are both utilized to accurately draw the boundary of each spine in the viewfinder for easy visualization. The BoVF representation also allows matching each photo of a bookshelf rack against a photo of the entire bookshelf, and the resulting feature matches are used in conjunction with the smartphone's orientation sensors to determine the exact location of each book.
Antiproliferative effect of quercetin in the human U138MG glioma cell line (2006)

Recent epidemiological and dietary intervention studies in animals and humans have suggested that diet-derived flavonoids, in particular quercetin, may play a beneficial role by preventing or inhibiting tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether quercetin may act differently on cancer and normal neuronal tissue. In order to investigate this, the U138MG human glioma cell line and hippocampal organotypic cultures were used. The study showed that quercetin induced in glioma cell cultures results in (a) a decrease in cell proliferation and viability, (b) necrotic and apoptotic cell death, (c) arrest in the G2 checkpoint of the cell cycle, and (d) a decrease of the mitotic index. Furthermore, we demonstrated that while quercetin promotes cancer regression it was able to protect the hippocampal organotypic cultures from ischemic damage. To sum up, our results suggest that quercetin induced growth inhibition and cell death in the U138MG human glioma cell line, while exerting a cytoprotective effect in normal cell cultures.
Joints, Biomechanics of (2006)

Abstract Bones in the skeleton join to form segments or links that provide for the attachment of muscles, ligaments, tendons, and so on. Altogether, these systems of bones and soft tissues, called joints, produce movement for the organism. Joint biomechanics traditionally is a division of biomechanics that studies the effect of forces on the joints of living organisms. Like all other organs, joints are subject to trauma and disease. Development of treatments, devices and exercise regimes for healthy joints, as well as learning from the great variety of naturally existing joints for the purpose of nature‐inspired technology, requires a fundamental understanding of the mechanics of joints and joint tissues, and their interaction with the underlying biological mechanisms. At the current state of the art, the definition of joint biomechanics can be broadened to encompass these complex interactions and the relevant technology. It is the purpose of this article to introduce a current understanding of joint biomechanics with an emphasis on the structure, kinematics, kinetics, modeling and joint stability of human joints. A detailed consideration of the mechanics of artifical joints and that of the tissues forming a joint is left for other articles.
Three dimensional nanostructured designs for lithium ion batteries (2012)

The reversible electrochemistry and the superior gravimetric and volumetric energy storage capacities of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have propelled them as the dominant power source for a range of portable electronic devices. Thin film LIBs are a class of LIBs that have been extensively used for powering Microelectromechanical systems devices, Radio-frequency Identification tags, biomedical sensors and several other low power electronic systems. Thin film electrodes and electrolytes are characteristic of short lithium ion diffusion paths and hence show fast charge/discharge rates. But the thin film battery technology has the major drawback of possessing low energy per footprint area. The three dimensional design for thin film LIBs has been proposed to improve electrode mass loading per footprint area thereby improving the energy delivered by the device. Hence there is interest in assembling the entire battery (current collectors, anode, electrolyte, and cathode) in a three dimensional (3D) nanostructured architecture. This thesis deals with the development and assembly of nanostructured three dimensional designs for Li ion battery components. Several template-based techniques have been used to fabricate nanostructured materials which serve as building blocks for the 3D energy storage devices. Firstly we have addressed the challenging task of fabricating conformal nanostructured polymer electrolytes around nanowire electrode material. The polymer coatings helped in controlling the secondary electrolyte interphase formation and hence in the improvement of cycling characteristics of the nanowire electrode material. We have also fabricated 3D current collectors with both ordered and disordered pore structure. Electrodes coated on 3D nanostructured current collectors showed improved rate capability and energy per footprint area. Finally, we have used a bottom up approach to assemble all essential components (anode, electrolyte, and cathode) of an electrochemical energy storage device onto a single nanowire, and have tested a parallel array of such nanowire devices for its electrochemical performance, hence demonstrating the ultimate miniaturization possible for energy storage devices.
Permissive Hypercapnia and Risk for Brain Injury and Developmental Impairment (2008)

This study suggests that permissive hypercapnia does not increase risk for brain injury and impairment among very low birth weight children. The interaction between respiratory strategy and Apgar score is a potential worrisome exception to this conclusion. Future research should further evaluate the effect of elevated Pco(2) levels among those who are sickest at birth.
Quaternion Fourier Transforms for Signal and Image Processing (2014)

Based on updates to signal and image processing technology made in the last two decades, this text examines the most recent research results pertaining to Quaternion Fourier Transforms. QFT is a central component of processing color images and complex valued signals. The book's attention to mathematical concepts, imaging applications, and Matlab compatibility render it an irreplaceable resource for students, scientists, researchers, and engineers.
Chronic Pain, Chronic Stress and Depression: Coincidence or Consequence? (2001)

Chronic pain and depressive illness are debilitating disease states that are variably resistant to currently available therapeutic agents. Animal models of chronic pain are associated with activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, upon which chronic pain acts as an inescapable stressor. Inescapable stress is also associated with 'depressive-like' symptoms in experimental animals. Based on reports of the comorbidity between chronic pain and depressive illness in human patients, it is possible that these disease states are linked, via chronic stress-induced HPA dysfunction. Here, we discuss the possible involvement of the HPA axis in the aetiology of both chronic pain and clinical depression, and suggest a strategy for the development of novel pharmacotherapies.
Development of SOH monitoring system for industrial VRLA battery string (2003)

With the recent remarkable growth of information technology (IT), it has become increasingly important to secure reliable backup power supplies in installations such as distributed communication terminals and data centers. While valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries are predominantly used nowadays due to their maintenance-freeness, their diagnosis techniques have not been fully developed. Currently used are discharge and ohmic techniques. The former can give reliable and accurate life information of VRLA batteries, however their constraints in practical applications involve not only temporarily shutting down the system but also testing individual cells at expense of man-hour. Battery condition watcher (BCW) was developed and commercialized, which is an automatic monitoring system with remote communication capability. It measures the internal impedance, voltage and temperature of each cell or battery with high accuracy, which are data-processed by IT to enable the diagnosis of battery condition and life.
Chemical coupling of thiolated chitosan to preformed liposomes improves mucoadhesive properties (2012)

Taken together, our current results indicate that thiomer-coated liposomes possess a high potential to be used as an oral drug-delivery system.
Understanding M-Commerce Payment Systems through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (2002)

Money is always an ill-tempted subject; however, few works are done to address the payment issue over online commerce. This paper analyzes currently available e-payment systems and finds the stored-value card to be the best overall payment scheme for online commerce. The paper employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a quantitative method of decision-making, to evaluate the performance of four e-payment systems: the credit card, the stored-value card, the smart card, and the telecommunication bill. The results show that the stored-value card has the highest performance among the four options considered. However, our findings pinpoint that a payment alternative with an extremely large customer base, such as the credit card, can be flawed by technological defects but still become the de facto e-payment scheme due to the advantage given by a large customer base. This observation leads us to make the policy suggestion that multiple usages be added to the e-payment systems with higher technological/social merits so that they can gain a critical customer base. Users will benefit as technologically more capable e-payments are widely adopted for online commerce.
[Pathophysiology in muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration with a particular reference to regenerating process]. (1998)

It is well known that muscle fiber is capable of regeneration after myonecrosis even in a case of muscular dystrophies. We first examined how and when the regulatory genes for myogenesis, MyoD and myogenin were expressed in experimentally induced myonecrosis. MyoD, a responsible gene for myoblast proliferation began to express at 18 hours and reached to the maximum level 48 hours after necrosis. Myogenin known to play a role for myotube formation was most extensively expressed 72 hours after myonecrosis when the newly formed myotubes were recognizable, confirming that both genes were necessary for regenerating process. The MyoD and myogenin were also expressed in regenerating fibers in muscular dystrophies including dy mouse with progressive muscle weakness and mdx mouse with no apparent muscle symptom. The genes were more extensively expressed in mdx mouse, than dy mouse simply reflecting their respective regenerating activity.
[Pathophysiology and laboratory examinations of essential hypertension--a review of recent topics]. (1990)

Since the pathogenesis of essential hypertension has not yet been clarified, laboratory examinations are needed to identify secondary hypertension and to classify the patients with essential hypertension into subclasses. We reviewed the recent topics on hypertension-research related to laboratory examinations such as 1) recording of arterial pressure, 2) plasma renin activity and digitalis-like substances as the cause of essential hypertension, and 3) atrial natriuretic polypeptides and endothelin, as possible indices of atherosclerosis, one of major complications of hypertension.
Combining labeled and unlabeled data for text classification with a large number of categories (2002)

We develop a framework to incorporate unlabeled data in the error-correcting output coding (ECOC) setup by decomposing multiclass problems into multiple binary problems and then use co-training to learn the individual binary classification problems. We show that our method is especially useful for classification tasks involving a large number of categories where co-training doesn't perform very well by itself and when combined with ECOC, outperforms several other algorithms that combine labeled and unlabeled data for text classification in terms of accuracy, precision-recall tradeoff, and efficiency.
Astrovirus-like particles, adenoviruses and rotaviruses associated with diarrhoea in piglets. (1994)

Faecal specimens from 1- to 7-week-old piglets (n = 251) with acute diarrhoeal illness were examined by direct negative staining electron microscopy for the presence of viral agents. Rotaviruses were observed in almost 40% of cases while adenoviruses and astroviruses were also observed in 3 specimens each. The majority of the rotaviruses reacted with a commercial Group A rotavirus ELISA although in 11 specimens they did not react with the Group A antigen and could represent atypical rotaviruses. This is the first report of adenoviruses and astroviruses in diarrhoeal faecal specimens from pigs in South Africa.