gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Full‐Color Electroluminescent Device and Patterned Photoalignment Using Light‐Emitting Liquid Crystals (2005)

Blue, green, and red polymerizable light-emitting liquid crystals have been patterned photolithographically in a full-color liquid-crystal electroluminescent display. A new hole-transporting photoalignment copolymer is also reported and the spatial patterning of the polarization direction of emission is demonstrated.
Low-intensity electrical stimulation in wound healing: review of the efficacy of externally applied currents resembling the current of injury. (2008)

Research available indicates that LIC accelerate wound healing. Further research is required to clarify the healing effects of LIC on wounds.
Low volume viruses: new tools for criminals (2005)

Gone are the days when virus writers were driven simply by the kudos of a high profile attack. Criminal profit is their next step - but this is achieved by creating less sensational forms of virus attack. The focus is more on stealth malware, designed to steal identities, scam large sums of money from corporations, and remain invisible to anti-virus engines. By comparison, the most virulent viruses can be dealt with quickly and, on the whole, efficiently by an increasingly sophisticated anti-virus community. Low volume viruses are a new threat on the corporate horizon. The time between a virus being detected and signatures being issued by the anti-virus software vendors – the virus writer's ‘window of exposure’ – can be as little as a few hours.
Joint Optical Flow and Temporally Consistent Semantic Segmentation (2016)

The importance and demands of visual scene understanding have been steadily increasing along with the active development of autonomous systems. Consequently, there has been a large amount of research dedicated to semantic segmentation and dense motion estimation. In this paper, we propose a method for jointly estimating optical flow and temporally consistent semantic segmentation, which closely connects these two problem domains and leverages each other. Semantic segmentation provides information on plausible physical motion to its associated pixels, and accurate pixel-level temporal correspondences enhance the accuracy of semantic segmentation in the temporal domain. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach on the KITTI benchmark, where we observe performance gains for flow and segmentation. We achieve state-of-the-art optical flow results, and outperform all published algorithms by a large margin on challenging, but crucial dynamic objects.
PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE TREATMENT REDUCES CYCLOSPORINE-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY IN SALT-DEPLETED RATS1 (1999)

Pentosan polysulfate reduced structural renal lesions in CsA-treated, salt-depleted Sprague-Dawley rats.
Note: Automated maskless micro-multidomain photoalignment (2011)

We present a fully automated maskless exposure system for the fabrication of microscopic orientational surface alignment patterns. The maskless system allows us to fabricate arbitrary surface patterns over a 2 mm × 2 mm area with a resolution of 2.2 μm. A confocal autofocus system insures accurate and repeatable focus. Microscopic orientational surface patterns have been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of novel functionalities, such as surface alignment multi-stability.
Bridging the gap between applications and networks in data centers (2013)

research-article Share on Bridging the gap between applications and networks in data centers Author: Paolo Costa Imperial College London Imperial College LondonView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 47Issue 1January 2013pp 3–8https://doi.org/10.1145/2433140.2433143Published:29 January 2013Publication History 8citation652DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads652Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Publisher SiteGet Access
Dynamic Development of Homing Receptor Expression and Memory Cell Differentiation of Infant CD4+CD25high Regulatory T Cells (2009)

Migration of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) is important for suppressing immune responses in different tissues. Previous studies show that the majority of Treg at birth express gut homing receptor alpha(4)beta(7) and that only few express CCR4, while the reverse pattern is found in adults. The age at which homing receptor switch occurs in vivo is not known. In this study, we show, in a prospective study of human infants from birth to 3 years of age, that homing receptor switch from alpha(4)beta(7) to CCR4 commences between 1 1/2 and 3 years of age and that Treg at that age also had started their switch to a memory phenotype. The majority of naive Treg express alpha(4)beta(7) in infants but not in adults, while the majority of memory Treg express CCR4 both infants and adults. The homing receptor expression on Treg corresponds to their actual migration properties, because Treg from cord blood migrate foremost toward the gut-associated chemokine CCL25. CD4+FOXP3+ T cell numbers increase rapidly in the circulation during the first days of life indicating conversion to suppressive Treg from CD25(high) Treg precursors. These findings suggest that the gut is the primary site of Treg stimulation to exogenous Ags during the first 18 mo of life and that homing receptor switch toward a more extra-intestinal phenotype occurs thereafter.
<i>Brucella abortus</i>and Its Closest Phylogenetic Relative,<i>Ochrobactrum</i>spp., Differ in Outer Membrane Permeability and Cationic Peptide Resistance (2000)

The outer membrane (OM) of the intracellular parasite Brucella abortus is permeable to hydrophobic probes and resistant to destabilization by polycationic peptides and EDTA. The significance of these unusual properties was investigated in a comparative study with the opportunistic pathogens of the genus Ochrobactrum, the closest known Brucella relative. Ochrobactrum spp. OMs were impermeable to hydrophobic probes and sensitive to polymyxin B but resistant to EDTA. These properties were traced to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) because (i) insertion of B. abortus LPS, but not of Escherichia coli LPS, into Ochrobactrum OM increased its permeability; (ii) permeability and polymyxin B binding measured with LPS aggregates paralleled the results with live bacteria; and (iii) the predicted intermediate results were obtained with B. abortus-Ochrobactrum anthropi and E. coli-O. anthropi LPS hybrid aggregates. Although Ochrobactrum was sensitive to polymyxin, self-promoted uptake and bacterial lysis occurred without OM morphological changes, suggesting an unusual OM structural rigidity. Ochrobactrum and B. abortus LPSs showed no differences in phosphate, qualitative fatty acid composition, or acyl chain fluidity. However, Ochrobactrum LPS, but not B. abortus LPS, contained galacturonic acid. B. abortus and Ochrobactrum smooth LPS aggregates had similar size and zeta potential (-12 to -15 mV). Upon saturation with polymyxin, zeta potential became positive (1 mV) for Ochrobactrum smooth LPS while remaining negative (-5 mV) for B. abortus smooth LPS, suggesting hindered access to inner targets. These results show that although Ochrobactrum and Brucella share a basic OM pattern, subtle modifications in LPS core cause markedly different OM properties, possibly reflecting the adaptive evolution of B. abortus to pathogenicity.
Progress in the development of DNA vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (2012)

DNA vaccines are, in principle, the simplest yet most versatile methods of inducing protective humoral and cellular immune responses. Research involving this type of vaccine against veterinary diseases began in the early 1990s and has since seen the evaluation of more than 30 important viral pathogens, including the economically important foot-and-mouth disease. With the demonstration that DNA vaccines protect against foot-and-mouth disease in sheep and pigs, and the advantages these DNA vaccines have over the conventional formulations, this approach may provide a better solution to the control of this disease. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of DNA vaccination strategies for foot-and-mouth disease reported in the literature, in which we highlight the studies that have reported protection in the key target species.
Sesquiterpene Lactones as a Potent Class of NF-&#954;B Activation Inhibitors (2006)

Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are biologically active compounds found in various medicinal plants. Although the compounds are reported to possess numerous biological activities, but the most important is their immunoregulatory role in inflammatory cells. This is because 1) over-activation of inflammatory cells secretes a large amount of different pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG)E2 and 2) SLs can modulate these phenomena effectively through inhibiting the activation pathway of nuclear factor (NF)-κB via the reactivity of some functional groups in SLs such as α-methylene-γ- lactone. This review, therefore, discusses in detail the molecular mechanism and structural features of SLs in blocking NF-κB activation with a general introduction of NF-κB and proposes the possibility that SLs can be developed pharmaceutically useful drugs against NF-κB-mediated diseases and that they can be chemically modified to improve their anti-NF-κB efficacy.
[Quality of life indices in patients with chronic viral hepatitis]. (2010)

QL is directly related to the duration of viral infection.
Synthesis of Phosphorylated, Conjugation‐Ready Di‐, Tri‐ and Tetrasaccharide Fragments of the O‐Specific Polysaccharide of <i>V. cholerae</i> O139 (2007)

Abstract The fragments described contain a galactose residue with cyclic 4,6‐phosphate and are equipped with an amino‐functionalized spacer, allowing further derivatization or directconjugation to suitable carriers. The core Gal‐(1→3)‐GlcNAc disaccharide was obtained by condensation of 8‐azido‐3,6‐dioxaoctyl 2‐acetamido‐4,6‐ O ‐benzylidene‐2‐deoxy‐β‐ D ‐glucopyranoside with 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐ O ‐acetyl‐α‐ D ‐galactopyranosyl bromide under Helferich conditions. Reductive opening of the benzylidene acetal, followed by deacetylation and selective benzylation gave 8‐azido‐3,6‐dioxaoctyl 2‐acetamido‐6‐ O ‐benzyl‐3‐ O ‐(3‐ O ‐benzyl‐β‐ D ‐galactopyranosyl)‐2‐deoxy‐β‐ D ‐glucopyranoside, which was regioselectively phosphorylated to give two isomeric 4,6‐cyclic 2,2,2‐trichloroethyl phosphates. The ( R )‐phosphate was subjected to catalytic hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis to give the fully deprotected title disaccharide fragment. Glycosylation of the ( S )‐phosphate diol with 2,4‐di‐ O ‐benzyl‐3,6‐dideoxy‐α‐ L ‐ xylo ‐hexopyranosyl bromide under halide‐assisted conditions yielded a mixture of the tetrasaccharide and a trisaccharide, which were readily separable by chromatography. Their hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis effected global deprotection as well as reduction of the azide, to furnish the deprotected title tri‐ and tetrasaccharide.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Design of improved CMOS phase-frequency detector and charge-pump for phase-locked loop (2014)

Two essential blocks for the PLLs based on CP, a phase-frequency detector (PFD) and an improved current steering charge-pump (CP), are developed. The mechanisms for widening the phase error detection range and eliminating the dead zone are analyzed and applied in our design to optimize the proposed PFD. To obtain excellent current matching and minimum current variation over a wide output voltage range, an improved structure for the proposed CP is developed by fully utilizing many additional sub-circuits. Implemented in a standard 90-nm CMOS process, the proposed PFD achieves a phase error detection range from −354° to 354° and the improved CP demonstrates a current mismatch of less than 1.1% and a pump-current variation of 4% across the output voltage, swinging from 0.2 to 1.1 V, and the power consumption is 1.3 mW under a 1.2-V supply.
Combined effects of bevacizumab with erlotinib and irradiation: a preclinical study on a head and neck cancer orthotopic model (2008)

Clinical benefit has been demonstrated in patients with head and neck tumours receiving an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agent in combination with radiotherapy (RT). Recent preclinical and clinical studies suggest beneficial effects from combining anti-angiogenic drugs with RT. To investigate the effect of combining these approaches, we evaluated in vivo the anti-tumour efficacy of the anti-angiogenic compound bevacizumab, a highly specific monoclonal antibody directed against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and irradiation given alone and in combination. Investigations were performed using a VEGF-secreting human head and neck tumour cell line, CAL33, with a high EGFR content, injected as orthotopic xenografts into the mouth floor of nude mice. Three days after tumour cell injection, bevacizumab (5 mg kg(-1), 5 days a week, i.p.), erlotinib (100 mg kg(-1), 5 days a week, orally) and irradiation (6 Gy, 3 days a week) were administered alone and in combination for 10 days. As compared with the control, concomitant administration of drugs produced a marked and significant supra-additive decrease in tumour mass; the addition of irradiation almost completely abolished tumour growth. The drug association markedly reduced the number of metastatic nodes and the triple combination significantly reduced the total number of pathologically positive lymph nodes as compared with controls. The RT-induced proliferation, reflected by Ki67 labelling, was reduced to control level with the triple combination. Radiotherapy induced a strong and very significant increase in tumour angiogenesis, which was no longer observed when combined with erlotinib and bevacizumab. The efficacy of the combination of bevacizumab+erlotinib and RT may be of clinical importance in the management of head and neck cancer patients.
Apoptosis can be detected in attached colonic adenocarcinoma HT29 cells using annexin V binding, but not by TUNEL assay or sub-G0 DNA content (2000)

BACKGROUND Induction of apoptosis in adherent cell lines is associated with cell loss from the substratum. In this study the adenocarcinoma cell line, HT29, treated with indomethacin (400μM) has been employed as a model system to demonstrate how flow cytometric analysis can be used to quantify the changes that occur during this process. METHODS Adherent and floating cell populations have been analyzed independently for effects on cell number, cell cycle characteristics and apoptosis using TUNEL assay and Annexin V binding. In addition apoptosis has been assessed using DNA laddering and morphology. RESULTS Apoptosis was detected in adherent cells treated with indomethacin using Annexin V binding but not by other techniques employed in this study. In contrast, analysis of “floating” cells revealed the presence of apoptotic cells both in control and indomethacin treated cells using all the techniques employed. However quantification by flow cytometry showed that a significantly higher proportion of control “floaters” were late apoptotic/necrotic rather than apoptotic. DISCUSSION The data here illustrate the need to interpret measures of apoptosis in adherent cell lines with care and the value of using flow cytometric techniques in the quantitative evaluation of the process. Cytometry 39:141–150, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of aldehydic products from lipid peroxidation (2000)

The present report describes the identification of aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation by two chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry, GC/EI-MS and LC/ESI-MS. The easy detection of molecular ions in LC/ESI-MS and fragmentation pattern in GC/EI-MS illustrate the complementarity of these two techniques. Several carbonyl compounds, other than the usual reported breakdown products of lipid peroxidation, e.g. malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, were identified as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives in the Fe 2+ /ascorbate-catalyzed peroxidation of linoleic and linolenic acids.
Field tests of an experimental helicopter time-domain electromagnetic system for unexploded ordnance detection (2004)

Abstract Field trials of a low-flying time-domain helicopter electromagnetic system designed for detection of unexploded ordnance have yielded positive and encouraging results. The system is able to detect ordnance as small as 60-mm rounds at 1-m sensor height. We examined several transmitter and receiver configurations. Small loop receivers gave superior signal-to-noise ratios in comparison to larger receiver loops at low heights. Base frequencies of 90 Hz and 270 Hz were less affected than other base frequencies by noise produced by proximity to the helicopter and by vibration of the support structure. For small ordnance, a two-lobed, antisymmetric transmitter loop geometry produced a modest signal-to-noise enhancement compared with a large single rectangular loop, presumably because the antisymmetric transmitter produces smaller eddy currents in the helicopter body, thereby reducing this source of noise. In most cases, differencing of vertically offset receivers did not substantially improve signal-to-noise ratios at very low sensor altitudes. Signal attenuation from transmitter to target and from target to receiver causes signals from smaller ordnance to quickly become indistinguishable from geological background variations, so that above a sensor height of about 3 m only large ordnance items (e.g., bombs and large caliber artillery rounds) were consistently detected.
Improved Blacklisting: Inspecting the Structural Neighborhood of Malicious URLs (2012)

Filtering based on blacklists is a major countermeasure against malicious websites. However, blacklists must be updated because malicious URLs tend to be short-lived, and they can be partially mutated to avoid blacklisting. Due to these characteristics, it can be assumed that unknown malicious URLs exist in the neighborhood of known malicious URLs created by the same adversary. The authors propose an effective blacklist URL generation method that discovers URLs in the neighborhood of a malicious URL by using a search engine. This article is part of a special issue on security.
THE SOLUBLE SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS (1926)

Throughout the 1920s the scientific community remained skeptical of Avery and Heidelberger's work on the unique antigenic
 polysaccharides in type II and type III pneumococcus. Echoing prevailing beliefs among scientists that only proteins could
 act as antigens, critics contended that Heidelberger and Avery's polysaccharide solutions had been contaminated by proteins,
 and that these, not the polysaccharides, were causing the antigenic reactions. As a result, the two approached Walther Goebel,
 an organic chemist, in order to more specifically determine the nature of these polysaccharides and their antigenic properties.
 This article details their findings as to the structure and composition of the polysaccharide capsule of type III pneumococcus.
Evolutionary optimisation of classifiers and classifier ensembles for cost-sensitive pattern recognition (2013)

Pattern recognition problems occur in many fields and hence effective classification algorithms are the focus of much research. In various circumstances not classification accuracy but misclassification cost minimsation is the primary goal leading to the development of cost-sensitive classification algorithms. In this paper, we show how evolutionary algorithms, in particular genetic algorithms (GAs), can be employed optimise to cost-sensitive classifiers and classifier ensembles. In particular, we discuss how GAs can be employed to derive a compact set of fuzzy if-then rules with an embedded cost term, and how GAs are able to perform simultaneous classifier selection and fusion for ensemble classifiers.
Some Effects of TAL Pro-long Coating on Ripening Bananas (1984)

Coating bananas with TAL Pro-long modified their internal atmospheres by reducing the permeability of the fruit skin to gases. Permeability of control fruit to carbon dioxide was greater than that to oxygen and ethylene, and this differential permeability was enhanced by coating. This resulted in a depression of the fruit's internal oxygen content which affected ripening without a concomitant increase in the levels of carbon dioxide which could have proved toxic. The skins of coated fruit lost chlorophyll more slowly than controls and there was a small effect on the accumulation of monosaccharides in the fruit pulp. These effects were associated with depressed rates of respiration and ethylene production in the coated fruit, but the accumulation of acetaldehyde and ethanol was no more rapid than in controls.
LAT Displacement from Lipid Rafts as a Molecular Mechanism for the Inhibition of T Cell Signaling by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (2002)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) suppress immune responses and inhibit T cell activation through largely unknown mechanisms. The displacement of signaling proteins from membrane lipid rafts has recently been suggested as underlying PUFA-mediated T cell inhibition. We show here that PUFA treatment specifically interferes with T cell signal transduction by blocking tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT (linker for activation of T cells) and phospholipase Cgamma1. A significant fraction of LAT was displaced from rafts by PUFA treatment along with other signaling proteins. However, retaining LAT alone in lipid rafts effectively restored phospholipase Cgamma1/calcium signaling in PUFA-treated T cells. These data reveal LAT displacement from lipid rafts as a molecular mechanism by which PUFAs inhibit T cell signaling and underline the predominant importance of LAT localization in rafts for efficient T cell activation.
Subchronic Intravenous Toxicity of the Antineoplastic Drug, Amsacrine, in Male Wistar Rats (1996)

Amsacrine, a DNA intercalator and topoisomerase II inhibitor, is efficacious as an antileukemogenic agent. This study was conducted to assess the subchronic toxicity of amsacrine in rats following a cyclic clinical dosing regimen and as a range–finding experiment for a subsequent carcinogenicity bioassay. Groups of 30 male Wistar rats were administered drug intravenously at doses of 0, 0.25, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg daily for 5 days followed by 23 days without treatment. This cycle of dosing and recovery was repeated six times to simulate human clinical usage of the drug. Assessments of hematology, clinical chemistry, and gross and microscopic pathology were conducted 3 and 21 days following completion of dosing in the first, third, and sixth cycles. There were no deaths during the study. Hair loss, diarrhea, tail injuries, chromodacryorrhea, and rhinorrhea were observed primarily in animals administered 3 mg/kg. Hair loss and diarrhea occurred during periods of dosing and generally resolved during the recovery phase of each cycle. Both of these signs became progressively more severe during the latter half of the study. Body weight loss and reduced food consumption also occurred in the 3 mg/kg group during each week of dosing. At study termination, mean body weight and food consumption of the 3 mg/kg group were significantly less than those of controls by approximately 20 and 50%, respectively. Marked, reversible leukopenia associated with reductions in both neutrophil and lymphocyte counts occurred in cycles one and three in animals administered 1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively. Reversible neutropenia was also observed in the 3 mg/kg group in cycle 6. Similar effects on platelet counts were seen in the 3 mg/kg group in all three cycles analyzed. Absolute and relative testes weights of the 3 mg/kg group were significantly less than the vehicle controls at all time points in the third and sixth cycles. Relative testes weights were also decreased in the 1 mg/kg group in cycle 6.