gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction of oils from wheat germ with supercritical carbon dioxide. (1985)

The separation of oil from wheat germ by extracting with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) is described. The solubility of wheat germ oil in supercritical CO2 at 200 atm and 40°C was about 0.35 weight%. The effect of pressure on the extraction process with liquid or supercritical CO2 was of great significance. On the other hand, the effect of temperature on the extraction process was small. Oil extracted with supercritical CO2 was lighter in color and contained less phosphorus than that extracted with hexane. The contents of α- and β-tocopherol in the oil extracted with supercritical CO2 were comparable to those in the hexane-extracted oil
Nuclear factor-IL6 activates the human IL-4 promoter in T cells (1995)

Positive regulatory element I (PRE-I) is a strong enhancer element essential for expression of the human IL-4 gene. To identify transcription factors binding to PRE-I, we screened a cDNA expression library from Jurkat T cells and isolated a cDNA encoding nuclear factor (NF)-IL6 (also known as C/EBP beta). NF-IL6 mRNA was found in human Jurkat T cells and in the mouse Th2 clone D10, but not in Th1 clone 29. rNF-IL6 expressed in bacteria was shown to specifically bind to PRE-I. PRE-I forms multiple DNA-protein complexes with nuclear extracts from Jurkat cells. Some of these complexes were demonstrated to contain NF-IL6 by using anti-C/EBP beta Abs. Overexpression of NF-IL6 enhanced expression of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene linked to the PRE-I-thymidine kinase or the human IL-4 promoter more than 10-fold in Jurkat cells. Promoter deletion studies revealed two additional NF-IL6 binding sites located at positions -44 to -36 (C/EBP proximal) and -87 to -79 (C/EBP medial), respectively. Our results demonstrate that NF-IL6 is involved in transcriptional activation of the human IL-4 promoter in T cells.
Transcriptome analysis of anti-fatty liver action by Campari tomato using a zebrafish diet-induced obesity model (2011)

Campari tomato ameliorates diet-induced obesity, especially dyslipidemia and liver steatosis via downregulation of gene expression related to lipogenesis. DIO-zebrafish can discriminate the anti-obesity effects of different strains of vegetables, and will become a powerful tool to assess outcomes and find novel mechanisms of anti-obesity effects of natural products.
Serum Level of HMGB1 Protein and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Secondary Peritonitis: Time Course and the Association with Clinical Status (2016)

HMGB1 and SAA temporal patterns might be useful in distinguishing sepsis from noninfectious SIRS in secondary peritonitis.
Photon Mass and New Experimental Results on Longitudinal Displacements of Laser Beams near Total Reflection (1972)

Recent observations by Imbert to test predictions and observations of Goos and H\"anchen by reflecting a laser beam near the total reflection angle contradicts classical and quantum predictions for the longitudinal displacements of linearly polarized incident plane waves. They can be simply interpreted as a Stern-Gehrlach type of measurement of the photon spin, provided the photon has a nonzero rest mass.
Colorectal liver metastases (1996)

Each year in the UK, between 12-14,000 people develop liver metastases from colorectal cancer. These metastases will contribute to the death of the patient in about 80% of cases. Treatments aimed at these tumours are best administered when the tumour is small. Current investigative methods allow tumours as small as 0.5 mm to be detected, and should be offered to all colorectal cancer patients at risk of developing liver metastases. Surgery remains the only curative treatment for these tumours, but, unfortunately, only 20% of those who have tumour excision will survive five years. In those patients unsuitable for surgery, chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidines produces the best tumour response. This may be administered systemically or regionally, via a catheter placed within the hepatic artery. The latter approach reduces systemic toxicity, but may produce hepatotoxicity. The results of other forms of systemic chemotherapy currently undergoing clinical trials are awaited. The vast majority of patients will benefit from suitable palliative treatment delivered either locally or systemically. With the wide range of treatments now available for liver metastases, these patients are best assessed in a unit with a special interest in the problem.
Structure/property relationships in evaporated thick films and bulk coatings (1974)

This paper reviews the known data on structure/property relationships in thick films or bulk coatings of metals, alloys, and compounds produced by high-rate evaporation/deposition technology. The effects of process variables (depostion temperature and/or kinetic energy of depositing atoms) on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties is given. The influence of coatings on corrosion resistance and thermal fatigue is also stated.
PROPHET-a national computing resource for life science research (1988)

PROPHET is a national computing resource tailored to meet the data management and analysis needs of life scientists working in a wide variety of disciplines, ranging from pharmacology to molecular biology. The PROPHET system offers a fully integrated graphics-oriented environment designed for the manipulation and analysis of tabular data, graphs, molecular structures, biological simulation models, and protein and nucleic acid sequences, and it includes access to molecular structure and sequence databases.
Targeting the Complement Pathway as a Therapeutic Strategy in Lung Cancer (2019)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), represents approximately 40% of all lung cancer cases. Advances in recent years, such as the identification of oncogenes and the use of immunotherapies, have changed the treatment of LUAD. Yet survival rates still remain low. Additionally, there is still a gap in understanding the molecular and cellular interactions between cancer cells and the immune tumor microenvironment (TME). Defining how cancer cells with distinct oncogenic drivers interact with the TME and new strategies for enhancing anti-tumor immunity are greatly needed. The complement cascade, a central part of the innate immune system, plays an important role in regulation of adaptive immunity. Initially it was proposed that complement activation on the surface of cancer cells would inhibit cancer progression via membrane attack complex (MAC)-dependent killing. However, data from several groups have shown that complement activation promotes cancer progression, probably through the actions of anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) on the TME and engagement of immunoevasive pathways. While originally shown to be produced in the liver, recent studies show localized complement production in numerous cell types including immune cells and tumor cells. These results suggest that complement inhibitory drugs may represent a powerful new approach for treatment of NSCLC, and numerous new anti-complement drugs are in clinical development. However, the mechanisms by which complement is activated and affects tumor progression are not well understood. Furthermore, the role of local complement production vs. systemic activation has not been carefully examined. This review will focus on our current understanding of complement action in LUAD, and describe gaps in our knowledge critical for advancing complement therapy into the clinic.
Silicon microring resonator sensor with integrated PC spectrometer for sharp spectral features detection (2010)

We demonstrate a novel sensing platform using microring resonator sensors integrated with superprism based photonic crystal spectrometers for sharp spectral features detection. Using this platform a 20 pm sensor resonance wavelength shift was experimentally resolved.
Formation of zinc chloride catalysts based on /gamma/-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (1988)

X-ray phase analysis, thermal analysis, and diffuse reflection electronic spectroscopy have been used in studying the formation of the catalytic system ZnCl/sub 2///gamma/-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. It has been shown that interaction of the salt component with the support leads to the formation of a complex multiphase system including excess zinc-containing phases with various compositions, structures cross-linked to the surface, and spinel-type structures formed by insertion of zinc ions into the surface layers of the lattice of the support. The kinds of phases that result from this interaction depend on the conditions of catalyst formation and on the phase composition of the support. The catalytic system does not contain and compositions that are fusible within the interval of temperatures investigated (20-500/degree/C).
Enzyme entrapped inside the reversed micelle in the fabrication of a new urea sensor (1997)

A new improvised urea sensor is described. The new sensor makes use of entrapment inside reversed micelles as a method for enzyme immobilization and glass electrode for the purpose of sensing. Urea content in clinical blood samples has been estimated using this new sensor. Agreement of the results thus obtained with those from clinical methods gives credence to the new sensor. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 329-332, 1997.
Polylactide/exfoliated graphite nanocomposites with enhanced thermal stability, mechanical modulus, and electrical conductivity (2010)

Abstract We have prepared a series of polylactide/exfoliated graphite (PLA/EG) nanocomposites by melt‐compounding and investigated their morphology, structures, thermal stability, mechanical, and electrical properties. For PLA/EG nanocomposites, EG was prepared by the acid treatment and following rapid thermal expansion of micron‐sized crystalline natural graphite (NG), and it was characterized to be composed of disordered graphite nanoplatelets. It was revealed that graphite nanoplatelets of PLA/EG nanocomposites were dispersed homogeneously in the PLA matrix without forming the crystalline aggregates, unlike PLA/NG composites. Thermal degradation temperatures of PLA/EG nanocomposites increased substantially with the increment of EG content up to ∼3 wt %, whereas those of PLA/NG composites remained constant regardless of the NG content. For instance, thermal degradation temperature of PLA/EG nanocomposite with only 0.5 wt % EG was improved by ∼10 K over PLA homopolymer. Young's moduli of PLA/EG nanocomposites increased noticeably with the increment of EG content up to ∼3 wt %, compared with PLA/NG composites. The percolation threshold for electrical conduction of PLA/EG nanocomposites was found to be at 3–5 wt % EG, which is far lower graphite content than that (10–15 wt % NG) of PLA/NG composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 850–858, 2010
The Entrepreneurial Personality: A Few Ghosts Laid to Rest? (1985)

Dr. Elizabeth Chell is Lecturer in Organisational Behaviour in the Department of Business and Administration, at the University of Salford, England. This paper considers critically three approaches to entrepreneurship; the psychodynamic, social development and trait models. It appears that the psychodynamic model relies on the stereotypic notion of the entrepreneur as a deviant; the social development model reduces to four stereotypes which are said to characterize the entrepreneur at different stages of life; and the trait approach is unable to identify reliably a trait which characterizes entrepreneurs and distinguishes them from other business persons. Other possible modification of the trait approach is to take into account the interaction of traits and situations as modifiers of behaviour. An alternative conceptualisation of entrepreneurship is put forward in which 'cognitive social learning variables' are substituted for traits, and Harr6's Situation-Act model is used as the basis for analysing how entrepreneurs relate to their business situation. Recent theoretical and empirical studies of entrepreneurship are used to provide the key concepts of person (entrepreneur) situations (business environment) fit.
Staff understanding of normalisation and social role valorisation: Anstey and Gaskin (1985) revisited (1997)

This article reports, in brief, the results of a study that attempted to replicate Anstey and Gaskin's (1985) study of definitional responses to the term “normalisation”. The present study concentrated on the responses of support staff who worked in group homes for people who have intellectual disabilities in the State of Victoria. Although the method of analysis varied from that of Anstey and Gaskin (1985), results indicated that knowledge of the term “normalisation” was very high, but most staff failed to associate the term with some of Wolfensberger's more complex ideas. Furthermore, analysis for the term “social role valorisation” revealed that only two thirds of the sample indicated that they had heard of the term, and just over half of these people successfully associated it with the stated major goal of Wolfenberger and Thomas (1983): the creation and defence of socially valued roles. These results are discussed in relation to staff practice.
Cross-language Phonetic Similarity Measure on Terms Appeared in Asian Languages (2011)

This study aims to develop a phonetic similarity measurement method across Asian languages. The method, cross-language similarity algorithm aggregates the transcription of language-specific Romanization, the International Phonetic Alphabet, the Soundex algorithm, and Levenshtein distance. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, this study involves an experiment using ninety-two chemical element names in nine different languages. The scores of the similarity of names were calculated between a source language and each target language. We could draw a line of threshold between the scores of similarities in each language into two groups (phonetic and semantic adoption groups). After evaluating the ratios of precision, recall, and F-measure, the results show that the proposed methodology successfully differentiates between phonetic and semantic groups by allocating the thresholds in all Asian languages, with the exception of Chinese. The results reported here prove that the proposed method has the potential to be applied to cross-language information retrieval and various linguistic studies.
Tactile Regrasp: Grasp Adjustments via Simulated Tactile Transformations (2018)

This paper presents a novel regrasp control policy that makes use of tactile sensing to plan local grasp adjustments. Our approach determines regrasp actions by virtually searching for local transformations of tactile measurements that improve the quality of the grasp. First, we construct a tactile-based grasp quality metric using a deep convolutional neural network trained on over 2800 grasps. The quality of each grasp, a continuous value between 0 and 1, is determined experimentally by measuring its resistance to external perturbations. Second, we simulate the tactile imprints associated with robot motions relative to the initial grasp by performing rigid-body transformations of the given tactile measurements. The newly generated tactile imprints are evaluated with the learned grasp quality network and the regrasp action is chosen to maximize the grasp quality. Results show that the grasp quality network can predict the outcome of grasps with an average accuracy of 85% on known objects and 75% on novel objects. The regrasp control policy improves the success rate of grasp actions by an average relative increase of 70% on a test set of 8 objects. We provide a video summarizing our approach at https://youtu.be/gjn7DmfpwDk.
Board-level diagnosis by signature analysis (2003)

Board-level diagnostic techniques by signature analysis based on single-error-correcting Hamming codes over GF(2/sup M/) (where M is the number of outputs per chip) are presented. Two techniques are considered: the space-time compressor technique for the case when responses from N chips on the board are wired to the compressor; and the time compressor technique for the case when test responses from each chip are transferred to the compressor via system bus. Assuming a single-faulty-chip model, a faulty chip on the board under test is located by an analysis of the relationship between the distortions in the obtained signatures. Both techniques for board-level diagnosis require less hardware than the straightforward diagnostic techniques using a built-in signature analyzer for every chip or selective testing of each chip via the system bus, hence offering an efficient approach for a design of a built-in-self-test board for for manufacturing testing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast-classifying, high-accuracy spiking deep networks through weight and threshold balancing (2015)

Deep neural networks such as Convolutional Networks (ConvNets) and Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) represent the state-of-the-art for many machine learning and computer vision classification problems. To overcome the large computational cost of deep networks, spiking deep networks have recently been proposed, given the specialized hardware now available for spiking neural networks (SNNs). However, this has come at the cost of performance losses due to the conversion from analog neural networks (ANNs) without a notion of time, to sparsely firing, event-driven SNNs. Here we analyze the effects of converting deep ANNs into SNNs with respect to the choice of parameters for spiking neurons such as firing rates and thresholds. We present a set of optimization techniques to minimize performance loss in the conversion process for ConvNets and fully connected deep networks. These techniques yield networks that outperform all previous SNNs on the MNIST database to date, and many networks here are close to maximum performance after only 20 ms of simulated time. The techniques include using rectified linear units (ReLUs) with zero bias during training, and using a new weight normalization method to help regulate firing rates. Our method for converting an ANN into an SNN enables low-latency classification with high accuracies already after the first output spike, and compared with previous SNN approaches it yields improved performance without increased training time. The presented analysis and optimization techniques boost the value of spiking deep networks as an attractive framework for neuromorphic computing platforms aimed at fast and efficient pattern recognition.
Reactive Oxygen Species-Manipulated Drug Release from a Smart Envelope-Type Mesoporous Titanium Nanovehicle for Tumor Sonodynamic-Chemotherapy (2015)

Despite advances in drug delivery systems (DDSs), the stimuli-responsive controlled release DDSs with high spatial/temporal resolution are still the best choice. Herein, a novel type of envelope-type mesoporous titanium dioxide nanoparticle (MTN) was developed for one-demand drug delivery platform. Docetaxel (DTX) was loaded in the pores of MTN with a high drug loading efficiency (∼26%). Then β-cyclodextrin (β-CD, a bulky gatekeeper) was attached to the outer surface of MTN via a reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive linker to block the pores (MTN@DTX-CD). MTN@DTX-CD could entrap the DTX in the pores and allow the rapid release until a focused ultrasound (US) emerged. A large number of ROS were generated by MTN under US radiation, leading to the cleavage of the ROS-sensitive linker; thus, DTX could be released rapidly since the gatekeepers (β-CD) were detached. Besides, the generation of ROS could also be used for tumor-specific sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Studies have shown the feasibility of MTN@DTX-CD for US-triggered DTX release and sonodynamic-chemotherapy. In the in vitro and in vivo studies, by integrating SDT and chemotherapy into one system, MTN@DTX-CD showed excellent antitumor efficacy. More importantly, this novel DDS significantly decreased the side effects of DTX by avoiding the spleen and hematologic toxicity to tumor-bearing mice.
Influence of Silicon Fertilizer Grades on Blast and Brown Spot Development and on Rice Yields (1992)

Calcium silicate slag, applied as a source of plant-available silicon on silicon-deficient soils, reduces plant disease and increases yields of rice. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate performance of three forms of slag and three rates of application on disease and yield. Calcium silicate slag was applied at 0, 2.5, and 5.0 Mg/ha as a fine-grade material (100% 1 mm and <3.35 mm) made from the fine-grade material (.)
A selective, efficient and environmentally friendly method for the oxidative cleavage of glycols (2016)

An efficient and eco-friendly oxidative cleavage of glycols using DMSO as an oxidant catalyzed by dioxomolybdenum(<sc>vi</sc>) complexes has been developed.
Context-aware personalized program guide based on neural network (2012)

When number of available items surpasses the users' ability to browse them in a reasonable time, personalized recommender systems are used to assist the users to find the items that would match their interests. In this paper, the design of a context-aware recommender system for digital TV is described. Available programs are represented by their features in the adjacent vector space and genre transform is applied to reduce its dimension. Single-hidden layer feedforward neural network is used as a classifier tool which estimates whether certain program is of substantial interest to the observed user; this network is fed with the data on both program genre and the temporal context related to the user's watching habits. Special attention is paid to choosing an efficient network training algorithm and unobtrusive user feedback scheme. Good performances of the proposed system are verified through a series of experiments. It is shown that context information speeds the learning process up and reduces the so-called cold start phase without compromising the accuracy of the delivered recommendations.
Integrated data encoding of a 5-Gbit/s soliton pulse train using a laser/modulator transmitter (1995)

Recently, a method of pulse generation has been demonstrated in which a sinusoidally driven electroabsorption modulator optically gates the output of a cw laser, producing transform-limited pulses.1 With this technique, integrated laser/modulators initially developed as non-return-to-zero (NRZ) data transmitters can serve as compact pulse sources with tunable repetition rate, wavelength, and pulse width, well suited to soliton and optical time-division-multiplexing (OTDM) applications. However, an additional modulator is required to encode data onto the pulse stream, adding cost and insertion loss to the transmitter. Wakita et al.2 have added the function of data encoding to a faser/modulator pulse source by integrating a second modulator, thereby increasing the complexity of the chip. Raybon et al. have performed integrated data encoding by directly modulating the laser with NRZ data; however, a small amount of chirp is added by this technique.