gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Replication of pBR322 DNA in vitro with purified proteins. Requirement for topoisomerase I in the maintenance of template specificity. (1985)

The replication of plasmid pBR322 DNA has been reconstituted with purified proteins from Escherichia coli. Initiation of the leading-strand requires RNA polymerase holoenzyme, DNA polymerase I, RNase H, and DNA gyrase. Initiation of the lagging-strand requires the primosomal proteins (the dnaB, dnaC, and dnaG proteins, replication factor Y (protein n') and proteins i, n, and n") and the single-stranded DNA binding protein. DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is required for extensive elongation of the nascent DNA chains. The products of this replication reaction are primarily nonsegregated daughter molecules. However, the addition of small amounts of soluble extract from E. coli results in the completion and segregation of these molecules to give mature form I DNA, suggesting that additional factors are required for this process. Topoisomerase I is necessary to make the replication system specific for pBR322 DNA as a template, indicating that the linking number of the DNA, determined by an equilibrium between the opposing activities of topoisomerase I and DNA gyrase, plays a crucial role in determining the reactivity of the DNA molecule toward initiating DNA replication. The function of the proteins involved in the replication of this closed-circular, double-stranded, superhelical DNA is discussed.
Multilingual training of deep neural networks (2013)

We investigate multilingual modeling in the context of a deep neural network (DNN) - hidden Markov model (HMM) hybrid, where the DNN outputs are used as the HMM state likelihoods. By viewing neural networks as a cascade of feature extractors followed by a logistic regression classifier, we hypothesise that the hidden layers, which act as feature extractors, will be transferable between languages. As a corollary, we propose that training the hidden layers on multiple languages makes them more suitable for such cross-lingual transfer. We experimentally confirm these hypotheses on the GlobalPhone corpus using seven languages from three different language families: Germanic, Romance, and Slavic. The experiments demonstrate substantial improvements over a monolingual DNN-HMM hybrid baseline, and hint at avenues of further exploration.
Mitigation of inter-channel nonlinear interference in WDM systems (2014)

We demonstrate mitigation of inter-channel nonlinear interference noise (NLIN) in WDM systems for several amplification schemes. Using a practical decision directed recursive least-squares algorithm, we take advantage of the temporal correlations of NLIN to achieve a notable improvement in system performance.
Oral Delivery of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD)-65 and IL10 by<i>Lactococcus lactis</i>Reverses Diabetes in Recent-Onset NOD Mice (2014)

Growing insight into the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and numerous studies in preclinical models highlight the potential of antigen-specific approaches to restore tolerance efficiently and safely. Oral administration of protein antigens is a preferred method for tolerance induction, but degradation during gastrointestinal passage can impede such protein-based therapies, reducing their efficacy and making them cost-ineffective. To overcome these limitations, we generated a tolerogenic bacterial delivery technology based on live Lactococcus lactis (LL) bacteria for controlled secretion of the T1D autoantigen GAD65370-575 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in the gut. In combination with short-course low-dose anti-CD3, this treatment stabilized insulitis, preserved functional β-cell mass, and restored normoglycemia in recent-onset NOD mice, even when hyperglycemia was severe at diagnosis. Combination therapy did not eliminate pathogenic effector T cells, but increased the presence of functional CD4(+)Foxp3(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. These preclinical data indicate a great therapeutic potential of orally administered autoantigen-secreting LL for tolerance induction in T1D.
Networks on Chips: Structure and Design Methodologies (2011)

The next generation of multiprocessor system on chip (MPSoC) and chip multiprocessors (CMPs) will contain hundreds or thousands of cores. Such a many‐core system requires high‐performance interconnections to transfer data among the cores on the chip. Traditional system components interface with the interconnection backbone via a bus interface. This interconnection backbone can be an on‐chip bus or multilayer bus architecture. With the advent of many‐core architectures, the bus architecture becomes the performance bottleneck of the on‐chip interconnection framework. In contrast, network on chip (NoC) becomes a promising on‐chip communication infrastructure, which is commonly considered as an aggressive long‐term approach for on‐chip communications. Accordingly, this paper first discusses several common architectures and prevalent techniques that can deal well with the design issues of communication performance, power consumption, signal integrity, and system scalability in an NoC. Finally, a novel bidirectional NoC (BiNoC) architecture with a dynamically self‐reconfigurable bidirectional channel is proposed to break the conventional performance bottleneck caused by bandwidth restriction in conventional NoCs.
Kinetics of endocytosis and recycling of the GPI-anchored variant surface glycoprotein in<i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> (2004)

The dense coat of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) covering parasitic African trypanosomes is essential for survival in mammalian hosts. VSG is internalised and recycled exclusively via a specialised part of the plasma membrane, the flagellar pocket. Direct measurement of the kinetics of VSG endocytosis and recycling shows that the VSG cell-surface pool is turned over within 12 minutes. Correspondingly, the turnover of the intracellular pool (9+/-4% of total VSG) requires only 1 minute, and this is an exceptionally high rate considering that endocytosis and exocytosis are limited to only 5% of the cell surface area. Kinetic 3D co-localisation analysis using biotinylated VSG and a panel of compartmental markers provides consistent evidence for the itinerary of VSG through the cell: VSG is endocytosed in large clathrin-coated vesicles, which bud from the flagellar pocket membrane at a rate of 6-7 vesicles per second, and is then delivered to RAB5-positive early endosomes. From there, VSG is recycled to RAB11-positive recycling endosomes at two stages, either directly or via RAB7-positive, late endosomes. Small clathrin-coated vesicles carrying fluid-phase cargo and being depleted of VSG bud from early and recycling endosomes. These vesicles are postulated to deliver their content to late endosomes and/or the lysosome. The recycling endosomes give rise to RAB11-positive exocytic carriers that fuse with the flagellar pocket and thereby return VSG to the cell surface. VSG recycling provides an interesting model for studies on the cellular trafficking and sorting of GPI-anchored proteins.
CMOS micromechanical resonator oscillator (2002)

A completely monolithic high-Q oscillator, fabricated via a combined CMOS plus surface micromachining technology, is described, for which the oscillation frequency is controlled by a polysilicon micromechanical resonator to achieve stability and phase noise performance comparable to those of quartz crystal oscillators. It is shown that the closed-loop, steady-state oscillation amplitude of this oscillator can be controlled through the DC-bias voltage applied to the capacitively driven and sensed /spl mu/resonator. Measurements indicate a phase noise density level of -168 dBm/Hz at 5 kHz offset frequency for an oscillator carrier power of -14.5 dBm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemotherapy in the management of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma: A systematic review (2005)

5581 Background: Adenoid cystic carcinomas [ACC] originate from a variety of sites, most commonly from the salivary glands. While generally not curable once metastatic, the disease course may be protracted and indolent. The precise role of systemic therapy [ST] in the management of advanced ACC is controversial. Methods: A systematic search of the medical literature was performed to find reports of ST for metastatic ACC. Outcomes of interest included antitumor activity (rates and durations of objective responses and stable disease), and symptom improvement. Clinical trial quality was assessed using the methodological scoring system for phase II/III trials of the European Lung Cancer Working Party [ELCWP], in which 100 is the highest score possible. Evidence-based recommendations were developed for the management of metastatic ACC. Results: 27 reports (3 retrospective reviews, 7 of single agents, 15 of combination chemotherapy regimens, 2 of imatinib) were included. Trial ELCWP scores were highly variable (median 49, range 22 to 81). Higher response rates [RR] were reported by retrospective reviews and trials of lower quality. While doxorubicin is often recommended as an active agent in ACC, little data exist for this as a single agent. Modest activity was seen with single-agent mitoxantrone and vinorelbine (both RR 10 - 15%), and cisplatin-anthracycline based combination chemotherapy regimens (RR up to 30%). Combination therapy may lead to higher RR, but is not clearly superior to single-agent treatment with regard to survival. There are insufficient prospective data to support the use of imatinib (0 major responses in 25 patients [pts]), other targeted agents, paclitaxel (0 major responses in 14 pts) or hormonal therapies. Symptom improvement was observed in some pts, including those without an objective response. Conclusions: The evidence in support of the efficacy of any ST for metastatic ACC is limited. ST should be reserved for those pts with disease-related symptoms or rapidly progressive disease. Single-agent mitoxantrone or vinorelbine, and cisplatin-anthracycline based combination therapy are reasonable choices. Enrollment of pts into high quality trials is needed to define the usefulness of ST in ACC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Non-classical human leucocyte antigens in ankylosing spondylitis: possible association with HLA-E and HLA-F (2018)

Our results reveal suggestive AS protective and susceptibility effects from both <i>HLA-E</i> and <i>HLA-F</i> loci, however with population differences. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing association of <i>HLA-F</i> with AS.
Graph partitioning using single commodity flows (2006)

We show that the sparsest cut in graphs can be approximated within O(log2 n) factor in Õ(n3/2) time using polylogarithmic single commodity max-flow computations. Previous algorithms are based on multicommodity flows which take time Õ(n2). Our algorithm iteratively employs max-flow computations to embed an expander flow, thus providing a certificate of expansion. Our technique can also be extended to yield an O(log2 n) (pseudo) approximation algorithm for the edge-separator problem with a similar running time.
Treatment of Polycythemia Vera: The Use of Hydroxyurea and Pipobroman in 292 Patients Under the Age of 65 Years (1997)

Nonradiomimetic drugs, hydroxyurea (HU) and pipobroman (Pi), were administred to relatively young subjects with polycythemia vera (PV) in an attempt to decrease the leukemogenic risk observed in patients treated with 32P. Clinical safety, hematological efficacy, risk of carcinoma or leukemia, and frequency of progression to myelofibrosis have not yet been defined in long-term studies, and no comparative studies of HU and Pi have been conducted. Since 1980, 292 patients with PV diagnosed before the age of 65 years were randomized to receive treatment with HU (25 mg/kg/d, followed by low-dose maintenance) or Pi (1.2 mg/kg/d, followed by low-dose maintenance). Patients were followed until death or until May 1997. Drug tolerance was often poor; leg ulcers and buccal aphthous ulcers (with HU) and gastric pain and diarrhea (with Pi) sometimes required treatment change, mainly in the HU arm. Hematological stability, especially in terms of platelet count, was very often insufficient with HU (45% of cases), but the risk of thrombo-embolic event was similar in both arms. Actuarial survival was similar in the two arms and shorter than that of the reference population. The risk of leukemia was approximately 10% at the 13th year, with no significant difference between the two arms. The risk of carcinoma (when excluding the skin cancers) was similar in both groups. There was a high risk of progression to myelofibrosis in the patients treated by HU, which was significantly higher than with Pi.
On-chip solid-state cooling for integrated circuits using thin-film microrefrigerators (2005)

An overview of recent advances in solid-state cooling utilizing thin-film silicon germanium-based microrefrigerators is given. Key parameters affecting micro cooler performance are described. A 3-/spl mu/m thick 200/spl times/ (3 nm Si/12 nm Si/sub 0.75/Ge/sub 0.25/) superlattice device can achieve maximum cooling of 4/spl deg/C at room temperature, maximum cooling power density of 600 W/cm/sup 2/ for 40-/spl mu/m diameter device and fast transient response on the order of tens of micro-seconds independent of the device size. Three-dimensional electrothermal simulations show that individual microrefrigerators could be used to remove hot spots in silicon chips with minimal increase in the overall power dissipation.
Low-spatial-frequency bias in context-dependent visual size perception (2018)

Spatial frequency (SF) information is essential for visual perception. By combining a sensitization procedure and the Ebbinghaus illusion, we investigated the effect of SF bias in context-dependent visual size perception. During the sensitization phase, participants were repeatedly presented with low- or high-pass filtered faces or gratings and were asked to discriminate the gender or the orientation of them, respectively. Immediately following the sensitization phase, the Ebbinghaus illusion strength was measured. The results showed that the illusion strength was significantly larger when the prior sensitized images were low-pass filtered relative to when they were high-pass filtered. Moreover, this SF bias was independent of low-level features and the specific content of the filtered images. Our findings extend the understanding of SF bias induced by sensitization in visual domain, and suggest that the processing of context-dependent visual size information is likely to involve magnocellular projections from subcortical areas via low SF channel.
Staffing and Allocation of Workers in an Administrative Office (1998)

The world of work is increasingly characterized by processing of records, forms, or cases. This processing is usually organized as a set of interdependent tasks within an administrative office. A major issue facing such administrative offices is how they should be organized to maximize productivity when short-term reassignment of workers is difficult, costly, or severely restricted. The present work grew out of a study conducted at a County Assistance Office in Western Pennsylvania and addresses three important productivity questions in organizational productivity: (1) How should a given number of workers be allocated across related tasks, (2) will the arrangement that seems best for productivity increase or decrease equity within the office, and (3) what is the optimal size of an office? To answer question 1, we model the administrative office as a closed queueing network. Thus modeled, the problem has an optimal allocation of workers, and we propose an efficient method for finding it. In response to question 2, we show (1) that for offices of a fixed size, the allocation of workers that maximizes throughput also maximizes equity, and (2) that across offices of different sizes, throughput per worker is not monotonicly related to equity. Changes in the size of the office that improve productivity may have lower equity; conversely, changes in the size of the office that improve equity may have lower productivity. Finally, in response to question 3, we show that the previous results can be used to determine the optimal office size in terms of throughput. This result has relevance for situations in which there are multiple offices of the same type. To the extent that worker satisfaction is related to equity, these results imply that managers may have to choose between worker satisfaction and output in setting the size of the office, but for offices of a fixed size, the allocation that maximizes output will also maximize worker satisfaction.
Low-complexity architecture of RS decoder for CMMB system (2009)

Based on the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm, a low-complexity VLSI architecture of Reed-Solomon decoder for CMMB is presented in this paper. The proposed scheme has a folded systolic architecture, in which both error-locator and the error-evaluator can be computed in a single array of processors. With the folding property of the systolic array architecture, the number of the multipliers and the adders are reduced drastically. The architecture chooses 8 as the folding factor, as a result, 80% fewer multipliers and adders are used in the proposed architecture than in the RiBM architecture. The reduction in the number of multipliers and adders lead to smaller silicon area and lower power consumption. The proposed RS (240,224) decoder design is implemented and fabricated in HJTC 0.18 ¿m 1P6M CMOS technology.
An active artificial whisker array for texture discrimination (2004)

Whiskers are powerful sensors for robots that are not only useful for basic tasks such as obstacle avoidance, but also have the potential for gathering rich information about objects. We have developed an active multi-whisker array modeled on the rat whisker system which can be amounted on a mobile robot. We show that with this whisker array we can discriminate different textures based on the frequencies elicited by the whiskers. We exploit the phase-locked structure of our data using sensory-motor integration. Two factors enable better discrimination of the textures: firstly, considering several touch events from one whisker; and secondly, combining the information from more than one whisker.
An online adaptive neuro-fuzzy power system stabilizer for multimachine systems (2003)

A fuzzy-logic-based adaptive power system stabilizer (PSS) is proposed in this paper. The parameters of the fuzzy-logic-based PSS are tuned by neural networks online. The system is divided into two subsystems, a recursive least square identifier with a variable forgetting factor for the generator and a fuzzy-logic-based adaptive controller to damp oscillations. The effectiveness of the proposed PSS in increasing the damping of local and inter-area modes of oscillation is demonstrated in a one-machine-infinite-bus system; a two-area, 4-machine, 13-bus system, and a 16-machine, 68-bus system.
GPS-Based Relative Positioning Test Platform for Automotive Active Safety Systems (2006)

Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) are designed to aid drivers with normal driving scenarios in day-to-day driving. This paper discusses the results of a recent GPS relative positioning test platform development effort by General Motors Research and Development for automotive DAS. This GPS-based system does not require additional GPS infrastructure and is intended for use with positioning and communication systems built into vehicles. The test platform was used to evaluate several grades of GPS receivers, with the objective of identifying hardware that can deliver the accuracy and latency required for different DAS applications, while fulfilling the cost constraints of mass deployment. The test system is implemented in several cars equipped with 802.11-based communication capability. The vehicles broadcast messages containing GPS and other vehicle data at regular intervals. Each vehicle DAS uses these broadcasts from neighboring vehicles to aid drivers with different functionalities, ranging from warnings to automated evasive action when the driver did not respond to an imminent collision. The GPS test platform consists of two modules: Receiver Manager (RM) and GPS Solution Generator (GSG). The RM acts as the interface between all GPS receivers and the GSG and contains GPS relative positioning algorithms. Two high-end receivers are installed on each vehicle to provide a fixed baseline truth reference, which greatly increases reliability of the single-epoch Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) solutions generated by the GSG. The relative positioning solution for low-cost receivers uses a Kalman filter approach to estimate the float ambiguities, which yields around 0.5 meter accuracy. This accuracy is sufficient for lane-level applications. System performance was tested in environments ranging from freeways with open skies to heavily foliated suburban areas. System availability ranging from 80–99% was observed in most test routes, with least availability in heavily foliated environments. In open sky routes, the low-cost system produced relative horizontal position accuracy of better than 0.25 meters 98% of the time. On more obscured routes, 96% of verifiable measurements were within 0.5 meters of the truth system, limited by the time duration when the truth system was able to provide a solution.
Guide to Macintosh System 7.5 (1994)

Written by an industry expert, this is the first thorough book on the new and improved Macintosh operating system. Readers will learn all the highlights of the new System, including how to work efficiently with applications. -- Intuitive, task-oriented approach teaches topics the way users think, not the way the machine thinks -- Covers all the new features of 7.5.5 and 7.5.5 Pro, including PowerTalk, PC Exchange, and MacTCP -- Written by a world-renowned Mac expert
Dynamic behaviour of AirCom Internet users on long-haul North Atlantic flights (2004)

In this paper we present the expected dynamic behaviour of aeronautical communications (AirCom) Internet users and provide the net satellite channel-capacities needed to guarantee the desired QoS. As in our previous works, we focus on one of the most important markets for Internet services offered in aircrafts: the North Atlantic region. According to the expected usage of AirCom Internet services to the average aircrafts' cabin configurations and to the characteristics of the North Atlantic routes, split figures are presented for each aircraft type.
Improved Osteochondral Allograft Preservation Using Serum-Free Media at Body Temperature (2012)

Storage of OCAs in serum-free chemically defined media at 37°C can increase the "window of opportunity" for implantation of optimal tissue from 14 days to 42 days after disease testing clearance.
UV-Sensitive Low Dark-Count PureB Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (2014)

A single-photon avalanche diode with high sensitivity in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range has been fabricated on Si using pure boron chemical vapor deposition to create both a nanometer-thin anode junction and a robust light entrance window. The device shows high sensitivity at the wavelengths of 330-370 nm when operated in the Geiger mode and good selectivity for UV light without applying a capping filter. The dark count rates can be as low as 5 Hz at room temperature for an active area of 7 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . An implicit guard ring, using an n-enhancement implantation in the central region of the diode, is applied instead of peripheral diffused p-type guard rings to achieve a high fill factor.
Proposal for Standardized Definitions for Efficacy End Points in Adjuvant Breast Cancer Trials: The STEEP System (2007)

The use of the proposed common end point definitions will facilitate interpretation of trial outcomes. This approach may be adopted to develop standard outcome definitions for use in trials involving other cancer sites.