gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation between insulin receptor binding in isolated fat cells and insulin sensitivity in obese human subjects. (1976)

This study examined the relationship between receptor binding of insulin in a metabolically significant target tissue in vitro and sensitivity to insulin in vivo in obese human subjects. Specific insulin binding was measured at 24 degrees C in isolated enlarged fat cells obtained from 16 patients, by observing the effect of increasing concentrations of unlabeled insulin on the binding of [125I]insulin. Scratchard plots of the binding data were curvilinear with an upward concavity, similarity shaped, and essentially parallel. Kinetic studies on the dissociation of [125I]insulin from fat cells indicated that these curvilinear Scratchard plots could be explained by the presence of site:site interactions of the negative cooperative type. Differences in binding between individual patients were predominantly due to differences in the numbers of receptor sites whether expressed in relation to cell number, cell volume, or cell surface area. These findings were not accounted for by differences in [125I]insulin degradation. Acute exposure of adipose tissue to insulin in vitro had no significant effect on [125I]insulin binding to isolated cells. The number of receptor sites was directly correlated with insulin sensitivity in vivo, measured as the rate constant (Kitt) for the fall in blood glucose after intravenous insulin, and was inversely correlated with the level of fasting plasma insulin. These findings corroborate those from other studies using human mononuclear leukocytes and various tissues from the obese mouse, which indicate that decreased insulin binding is a characteristic feature of insulin resistance in obesity.
High-performance n-type organic thin-film phototransistors based on a core-expanded naphthalene diimide (2013)

High-performance n-type organic phototransistors (OPTs) based on a core-expanded naphthalene diimide are reported in this letter. The photo responsivity is as high as 27000 AW−1 and photocurrent/dark-current ratio reaches 1.1 × 107 under a white light illumination with a power density of 107 μWcm−2. In such OPTs, persistent photoconductivity (PPC) is observed, which can be instantly eliminated by a positive gate voltage pulse. This is explained in terms of trapped photo holes in the channel. In the light on-off switching test, such PPC also leads to well-reproducible memory effect in the OPTs.
Type 1 Diabetes in Swedish Bank Voles (<i>Clethrionomys glareolus</i>): Signs of Disease in Both Colonized and Wild Cyclic Populations at Peak Density (2003)

Colonized bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) originating from Sweden developed type 1 diabetes. Animals became polydipsic, glucosuric, and hyperglycemic and gradually developed a lethal ketoacidosis. Pancreas in animals with end-stage disease showed total destruction of islet cells. Interestingly, also a high proportion of wild bank voles in cyclic populations that were trapped at (or close to) the cyclic population density peak frequently showed high blood glucose levels and pathological glucose tolerance test. Extensive islet destruction was not seen in wild bank voles at the time of capture, but did develop in some of the animals over a time period of two months. Diabetes in both colonized and wild bank voles was associated with Ljungan virus (LV). LV could be isolated from the pancreas of diabetic bank voles and antigen detected at the site of tissue damage by immunohistochemistry. In addition, picornavirus-like particles were visualized in the islets of diabetic voles using thin-section transmission electron microscopy.
Efficacy and Safety of Autologous Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2009)

c Background: This study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal autologous bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment for patients with ALS. Methods: After a lead-in period for 3 months, 22 patients were treated with MSCs twice at an interval of 1 month. After initial MSCs injection, all patients were followed up for 3 months and their disease course, clinical characteristics were assessed. Disease status of patients were analyzed with ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-R) for primary outcome measure, and additional clinical findings after treatment were all collected for secondary outcome measure and safety. Age and disease-duration matched patients with ALS were selected as a control group. Results: During the follow-up period, MSCs treatment yielded a significant lesser change of ALSFRS-R score, compared to control group (1.54 vs 3.56, p<0.01). Moreover, the slop of decline of ALSFRS-R was significantly lower during the follow-up period, compared to the lead-in period in MSCs treatment group (2.68 vs 1.54, p=0.04), whereas the slopes during the two periods were not different in the control group (3.15 vs 3.56, p=0.37). MSCs treatment was well tolerated except for occurrences of transient headache, low back pain, and myalgia. Conclusions: Our results show that intrathecal MSCs injection can slow disease progression and might be used as a disease modifying modality as an alternative treatment choice in patients with ALS. J Korean Neurol Assoc 27(2):163-169, 2009
Hematoxylin Procedure for Staining Mature Pollen Grains in Maize with Dimethylsulfoxide as a Clearing Agent (1998)

Observing nuclei of mature pollen grains in maize is extremely difficult because the starch granules surrounding the nuclei are deeply stained. The cytoplasm of hematoxylin stained pollen grains becomes clear when DMSO and gentle heating are used. By separating the staining and clearing processes, uniformly stained pollen grains were consistently obtained. Using this method, 2,000 pollen grains were examined and it was determined that 99.5% were in the normal tricellular state, while pentacellular pollen, bicellular pollen and pollen grains with two vegetative nuclei were observed in the remaining 0.5%.
Modulation of prostaglandin A1-induced thermotolerance by quercetin in human leukemic cells: role of heat shock protein 70. (1996)

Prostaglandins of the A type (PGAs) function as signals for heat shock protein (hsp) synthesis in mammalian cells. In human K562 erythroleukemic cells, PGA1 induces the synthesis of a M(r) 70,000 hsp (hsp70) by cycloheximide-sensitive activation of heat shock transcription factor (HSF). Induction of hsp70 has been associated recently with the ability of PGA to protect K562 cells from thermal injury, establishing a thermotolerant state; however, the role of hsp70 in thermotolerance is still controversial. Because quercetin was shown to modulate hsp70 expression after heat shock in K562 cells, we have investigated the effect of this flavonoid on HSF activation, hsp70 synthesis, and thermotolerance in human K562 cells after induction with PGA1. Quercetin was found to inhibit hsp70 synthesis for a period of 3-6 h after PGA1 treatment. This transient block was exerted at the transcriptional level and was not due to the loss of HSF DNA-binding activity. After the initial delay, hsp70 synthesis reached the same rate as the PGA1-treated control, and it was actually prolonged in the presence of quercetin. In PGA1-treated cells, quercetin suppressed PGA1-induced thermotolerance completely if the heat shock was applied at a time (6 h) when hsp70 synthesis was inhibited, whereas it could not prevent the establishment of a thermotolerant state if the heat challenge was applied 24 h after treatment, when hsp70 synthesis was not affected. These results support strongly the hypothesis that hsp70 is involved in the establishment of thermotolerance in human cells.
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) research and future analysis (2014)

The primary objective of this report is to develop relationships between market forecasted use of unmanned aircraft and economic incentives. This paper summarizes a technical report produced by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) entitled “Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Service Demand 2015-2035: Literature Review and Projections of Future Usage” [1]. The report included analysis of the UAS technical areas, including command, control, and communications (C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) subsystems. The C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> area includes classic aviation components of Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS). The analysis includes survey and data collection of mission types and aircraft parameters to be used to develop technology forecasts for technical/product areas of unmanned systems and their use in the National Airspace System (NAS). The study addresses constraints pertaining to technology diffusion and regulatory changes needed to show where incentives can accelerate UAS integration into the NAS. Specific focus for this paper is the use of incentives in CNS.
Genetic Relatedness Among Human Rotaviruses as Determined by RNA Hybridization (1982)

Viral RNAs from human rotaviruses were compared by gel electrophoresis and by hybridization to probes prepared by in vitro transcription of two well-characterized laboratory strains (Wa and DS-1). Also, the viral RNAs were compared by hybridization to probes prepared from three of the test viruses. Thirteen specimens (diarrheal stools) were obtained from infants and children 5 to 21 months old on a single day at the emergency ward of the Caracas Children's Hospital, and an additional specimen was obtained from the same hospital 6 months before. When the electrophoresed viral RNAs were stained with ethidium bromide and examined by UV light, five different migration patterns (electropherotypes) were distinguished on the basis of differences in mobility of the RNA segments. The hybridization technique that was employed permitted only qualitative comparisons of corresponding genes of different human rotaviruses. Ten of the specimens contained enough virus to yield sufficient RNA for hybridization studies. Eight of the viruses studied by hybridization contained 4 to 11 genes that reacted specifically with the Wa probe to yield double-stranded RNA segments with a mobility similar to that of Wa viral RNA or test virus RNA. The other two viruses contained 11 genes that reacted specifically with the DS-1 hybridization probe to yield double-stranded RNA segments with a mobility similar to DS-1 viral RNA or test virus RNA. A more complex picture emerged when hybridization probes were prepared from three of the test viruses and used to compare the different electropherotypes. Corresponding genes that exhibited similar migration did not necessarily exhibit homology when studied by hybridization. Also, some corresponding genes that exhibited homology did not have the same mobility by gel electrophoresis.
The role of the novel Th17 cytokine IL-26 in intestinal inflammation (2008)

Intestinal cells express the functional IL-26 receptor complex. IL-26 modulates IEC proliferation and proinflammatory gene expression and its expression is upregulated in active Crohn's disease, indicating a role for this cytokine system in the innate host cell response during intestinal inflammation. For the first time, IL-26 expression is demonstrated in colonic RORgammat-expressing Th17 cells in situ, supporting a role for this cell type in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.
Effect of Rheological Strain Hardening on Extrusion Blown Film of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (2007)

In this work the effect of strain hardening on poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) extrusion blown film is investigated. Controlled long chain branching is introduced via a multi-functional initiator to produce two PVDF samples with different molecular weight and chain architecture. The branched samples are compared to two reference resins having identical molecular weight and no chain branching. All samples are characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with triple detection system comprising a Differential Refractive Index (DRI) detector, Intrinsic Viscosity (IV) detector, and Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (MALLS) detector, to determine their molecular weights and their distribution as well as to detect chain branching via measuring the coil size in dilute solution. The rheological properties are determined using oscillatory measurement and melt strength at 230 ° C while extensional viscosity measurements are conducted at 180 ° C to determine strain hardening at different extension rates. The resins are evaluated using a small scale extrusion blown film set-up to determine the blow-up ratio and the minimum thickness achievable. The characterization results show that the control samples are different in molecular weight and almost identical in the polydispersity index (M w /M n ). The branched samples, however, have higher molecular weight and a slightly broader molecular weight distribution. Light scattering data together with inherent viscosity data show that the branched samples have a lower radius of gyration (R G ) and inherent viscosity (IV) over the entire molecular weight distribution confirming chain branching. The rheological properties in oscillatory measurements show that the branched samples exhibit almost identical viscosities as the control samples. However, a broader transition from the Newtonian to the non-Newtonian region for the branched sample is observed confirming the SEC—MALLS results. This is corroborated using extensional viscosity and melt strength measurements, which show a significant strain hardening and an increase in melt strength, respectively. Blown film experiments show that the samples containing chain branching could be processed under similar process conditions as the control samples, and with a higher blow up ratio thereby achieving 5 μm film thickness with high clarity.
Measurement of subvisual changes in cervical squamous metaplastic cells for detecting abnormality. (1992)

Quantitative measures of visually normal squamous metaplastic cells exfoliated from the uterine cervix were obtained to test the hypothesis that these cells, like intermediate squamous and endocervical columnar cells, show subvisual evidence of atypia in cases of bonafide squamous intraepithelial neoplasia. The cells identified as squamous metaplastic were obtained from 14 abnormal (dysplastic) and 9 diagnostically negative cases. Although the cell populations so grouped showed no statistically significant differences in overall cell size, nuclear area or nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios, there were significant differences in nuclear and cytoplasmic densitometric features and in nuclear texture features. A combination of three features (nuclear density, texture and cytoplasmic density) permitted 76% of the cells to be categorized correctly as originating in normal versus abnormal slides. It is concluded that selected quantitative features of exfoliated metaplastic cell populations may contribute to improved diagnostic accuracy in automated screening for cervical abnormalities.
Factory automation and data collection (1973)

Computer controls have been used in certain process industries for some time. Now computers are being used to control piece-part production machines and automation systems. Employed as reporters and/or analyzers of a machine's operations, they give managers current data for immediate study.
Effectively Presenting Call Path Profiles of Application Performance (2010)

Call path profiling is a scalable measurement technique that has been shown to provide insight into the performance characteristics of complex modular programs. However, poor presentation of accurate and precise call path profiles obscures insight. To enable rapid analysis of an execution's performance bottlenecks, we make the following contributions for effectively presenting call path profiles. First, we combine a relatively small set of complementary presentation techniques to form a coherent synthesis that is greater than the constituent parts. Second, we extend existing presentation techniques to rapidly focus an analyst's attention on performance bottlenecks. In particular, we (1) show how to scalably present three complementary views of calling-context-sensitive metrics; (2) treat a procedure's static structure as first-class information with respect to both performance metrics and constructing views; (3) enable construction of a large variety of user-defined metrics to assess performance inefficiency; and (4) automatically expand hot paths based on arbitrary performance metrics - through calling contexts and static structure - to rapidly highlight important program contexts. Our work is implemented within HPCToolkit, which collects call path profiles using low-overhead asynchronous sampling.
Max-consensus in a max-plus algebraic setting: The case of fixed communication topologies (2009)

Consensus algorithms have been studied in the field of distributed computing for decades. Recently consensus algorithms have attracted renewed attention because they can be exploited for distributed cooperative control. The purpose of this paper is the analysis of a specific class of consensus algorithms called max-consensus. This class of algorithms is needed for applications such as minimum time rendezvous and leader election. A new approach using max-plus algebra is proposed to analyze convergence of max-consensus algorithm. In this paper we focus on the problem of achieving max-consensus in time-invariant communication topologies. Conditions to achieve max-consensus are discussed and the convergence rate of the algorithm for different communication topologies is studied.
Chameleon: A Color-Adaptive Web Browser for Mobile OLED Displays (2010)

Displays based on organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology are appearing on many mobile devices. Unlike liquid crystal displays (LCD), OLED displays consume dramatically different power for showing different colors. In particular, OLED displays are inefficient for showing bright colors. This has made them undesirable for mobile devices because much of the web content is of bright colors. To tackle this problem, we present the motivational studies, design, and realization of Chameleon, a color adaptive web browser that renders web pages with power-optimized color schemes under user-supplied constraints. Driven by the findings from our motivational studies, Chameleon provides end users with important options, offloads tasks that are not absolutely needed in real-time, and accomplishes real-time tasks by carefully enhancing the codebase of a browser engine. According to measure-ments with OLED smartphones, Chameleon is able to re-duce average system power consumption for web browsing by 41% and reduce display power consumption by 64% without introducing any noticeable delay.
Can a Pain Neuroscience Education Lecture Alter Treatment Choices for Chronic Pain in Physician Assistant Students? (2020)

Purpose: Pilot study assessing if pain neuroscience education (PNE) can shift treatment choices for patients with chronic pain in Physician Assistants (PA) students. Methods: A convenience sample of PA students (n = 29) attended a 2-hour PNE lecture. Prior to and immediately after the lecture, students completed a questionnaire regarding their beliefs and choices regarding treatments and professionals best suited for patients suffering from chronic pain. Results: Following the PNE lecture, there was a significant shift of decreasing the choice of medical interventions/pharmaceutical use and increasing alternative pain strategy interventions (p = 0.046). Further, non-pharmaceutical treatments shifted towards cognitive and active movement approaches (mindfulness, relaxation, physical therapy, psychology and cognitive behavioural medicine), away from passive treatments (massage therapy and chiropractic). After PNE, PA students were less likely to recommend an orthopedic surgeon to treat chronic pain (p = 0.015). Conclusion: A PNE lecture to PA students is able to decrease pharmaceuticals as first choice in treatment of chronic pain and towards more active, non-pharmaceutical cognitive targeted treatments
80 Gb/s to 10 Gb/s polarization-insensitive demultiplexing with circularly polarized spun fiber in a two-wavelength nonlinear optical loop mirror (2000)

We demonstrate the first polarization insensitive demultiplexing of 10-Gb/s channels from 80-Gb/s pseudorandom bit streams using a two-wavelength nonlinear optical loop mirror with circularly polarized spun fiber. The polarization sensitivity of the device is reduced to <1 dB for >90% transmission, and bit-error-rate measurements show that the remaining polarization sensitivity leads to a power penalty difference of 1.5 dB. The nonlinear transmission is 91% for a switching energy of 4 pJ/pulse, and the full-width at half-maximum timing window is 9.6 ps. The circularly polarized spun fiber has a /spl lambda//sub 0/ of 1541 nm, a length of /spl sim/1 km, and /spl sim/4.1 times higher nonlinearity than that of conventional dispersion-shifted fiber. The spin rate is 16 turns/m and the birefringence is /spl Delta/n/spl sim/1/spl times/10/sup -6/, corresponding to 25 turns/beat length.
Harvesting traffic-induced vibrations for structural health monitoring of bridges (2011)

This paper discusses the development and testing of a renewable energy source for powering wireless sensors used to monitor the structural health of bridges. Traditional power cables or battery replacement are excessively expensive or infeasible in this type of application. An inertial power generator has been developed that can harvest traffic-induced bridge vibrations. Vibrations on bridges have very low acceleration (0.1–0.5 m s−2), low frequency (2–30 Hz), and they are non-periodic. A novel parametric frequency-increased generator (PFIG) is developed to address these challenges. The fabricated device can generate a peak power of 57 µW and an average power of 2.3 µW from an input acceleration of 0.54 m s−2 at only 2 Hz. The generator is capable of operating over an unprecedentedly large acceleration (0.54–9.8 m s−2) and frequency range (up to 30 Hz) without any modifications or tuning. Its performance was tested along the length of a suspension bridge and it generated 0.5–0.75 µW of average power without manipulation during installation or tuning at each bridge location. A preliminary power conversion system has also been developed.
Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths. IX. Data for 41 elemental solids over the 50 eV to 30 keV range (2010)

Abstract We have calculated inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) for 41 elemental solids (Li, Be, graphite, diamond, glassy C, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, Y, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Cs, Gd, Tb, Dy, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au and Bi) for electron energies from 50 eV to 30 keV. The IMFPs were calculated from experimental optical data using the full Penn algorithm for energies up to 300 eV and the simpler single‐pole approximation for higher energies. The calculated IMFPs could be fitted to a modified form of the Bethe equation for inelastic scattering of electrons in matter for energies from 50 eV to 30 keV. The average root‐mean‐square (RMS) deviation in these fits was 0.48%. The new IMFPs were also compared with IMFPs from the predictive TPP‐2M equation; in these comparisons, the average RMS deviation was 12.3% for energies between 50 eV and 30 keV. This RMS deviation is almost the same as that found previously in a similar comparison for the 50 eV–2 keV range. Relatively large RMS deviations were found for diamond, graphite and cesium. If these three elements were excluded in the comparison, the average RMS deviation was 9.2% between 50 eV and 30 keV. We found satisfactory agreement of our calculated IMFPs with IMFPs from recent calculations and from elastic‐peak electron‐spectroscopy experiments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.