gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulated Tool-Path Chip Breaking For Depleted Uranium Machining Operations (2010)

Massive uncontrolled blood loss can occur under a variety of conditions including trauma, as a complication of childbirth or surgery, ruptured ulcers, clotting disorders, and hemorrhagic fevers. Across the continuum of hemorrhage, loss of blood volume is a significant challenge to the maintenance of cerebral perfusion. During the initial stages of hemorrhage, reflex mechanisms are activated to protect cerebral perfusion, but persistent blood loss will eventually reduce global cerebral blood flow and the delivery of metabolic substrates, leading to generalized cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, and ultimately, neuronal cell death. Cerebral blood flow is controlled by various regulatory mechanisms, including prevailing arterial pressure, intracranial pressure, arterial blood gases, neural activity, and metabolic demand. Hemorrhage represents a unique physiological stress to the brain, as it influences each of these regulatory mechanisms, resulting in complex interplay that ultimately challenges the ability of the brain to maintain adequate perfusion. Early studies of actual hemorrhage in humans employed blood loss protocols up to 1000 mL, but did not include any measurements of cerebral blood flow. As ethical considerations necessarily constrain the use of human volunteers for massive blood loss studies that induce irreversible shock, most of what is known about cerebral blood-flow responses to hemorrhage has been determined from animal models. Limitations of species differences regarding regulatory mechanisms, anatomy, and the effect of anesthesia, however, must be considered. Advances in monitoring technologies, and a recent renewed interest in understanding cerebral blood-flow regulation in humans, however, is rapidly accelerating knowledge in this field.
Targeted disruption of an erythrocyte binding antigen in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> is associated with a switch toward a sialic acid-independent pathway of invasion (2000)

Erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium requires molecules present both on the merozoite surface and within the specialized organelles of the apical complex. The Plasmodium erythrocyte binding protein family includes the Plasmodium falciparum sialic acid-binding protein, EBA-175 (erythrocyte binding antigen-175), which binds sialic acid present on glycophorin A of human erythrocytes. We address the role of the conserved 3'-cysteine rich region, the transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains through targeted gene disruption. Truncation of EBA-175 had no measurable effect on either the level of EBA-175 protein expression or its subcellular localization. Similarly, there appears to be no impairment in the ability of soluble EBA-175 to be released into the culture supernatant after schizont rupture. Additionally, the 3'-cys rich region, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains of EBA-175 are apparently non-essential for merozoite invasion. In contrast, erythrocyte invasion via the EBA-175/glycophorin A route appears to have been disrupted to such a degree that the mutant lines have undergone a stable switch in invasion phenotype. As such, EBA-175 appears to have been functionally inactivated within the truncation mutants. The sialic acid-independent invasion pathway within the mutant parasites accounts for approximately 85% of invasion into normal erythrocytes. These data demonstrate the ability of P. falciparum to utilize alternate pathways for invasion of red blood cells, a property that most likely provides a substantial survival advantage in terms of overcoming host receptor heterogeneity and/or immune pressure.
Structural analysis of mevalonate‐3‐kinase provides insight into the mechanisms of isoprenoid pathway decarboxylases (2014)

In animals, cholesterol is made from 5-carbon building blocks produced by the mevalonate pathway. Drugs that inhibit the mevalonate pathway such as atorvastatin (lipitor) have led to successful treatments for high cholesterol in humans. Another potential target for the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis is mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MDD), which catalyzes the phosphorylation of (R)-mevalonate diphosphate, followed by decarboxylation to yield isopentenyl pyrophosphate. We recently discovered an MDD homolog, mevalonate-3-kinase (M3K) from Thermoplasma acidophilum, which catalyzes the identical phosphorylation of (R)-mevalonate, but without concomitant decarboxylation. Thus, M3K catalyzes half the reaction of the decarboxylase, allowing us to separate features of the active site that are required for decarboxylation from features required for phosphorylation. Here we determine the crystal structure of M3K in the apo form, and with bound substrates, and compare it to MDD structures. Structural and mutagenic analysis reveals modifications that allow M3K to bind mevalonate rather than mevalonate diphosphate. Comparison to homologous MDD structures show that both enzymes employ analogous Arg or Lys residues to catalyze phosphate transfer. However, an invariant active site Asp/Lys pair of MDD previously thought to play a role in phosphorylation is missing in M3K with no functional replacement. Thus, we suggest that the invariant Asp/Lys pair in MDD may be critical for decarboxylation rather than phosphorylation.
Different effects of the treatment with AGN 193836 and 9-cis-retinoic acid in breast cancer cells. (2000)

Retinoid effects have been well studied in different cellular models, and their in vitro action on breast cancer is well known. Much less is known about the function of the different retinoid receptors in mediating retinoid activity in this and other cellular models. In order to better understand these biological mechanisms, several synthetic compounds have been produced, that have specific binding affinity for selected nuclear receptors, and their effect has been evaluated and confronted with that of classic compounds able to bind to different receptors. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the biological activities in breast cancer cell lines of one of these new compounds, AGN 193836, with a very selective binding affinity (selective agonist retinoid) for one single retinoic acid receptor (RAR alpha), in respect to a classic retinoid able to bind to a broad spectrum of retinoic acid receptors (pan-agonist retinoid), 9cRA. Our results clearly indicate that the selective retinoid retains most of the biological activities of the pan-agonist compound, but its effect is probably aggravated by fewer side-effects in vivo: This evidences indicate that selective-agonist retinoids are an interesting research field for the future, not only because of their speculative interest, but also in view of future clinical applications.
Improved Single Image Dehazing Using Dark Channel Prior and Multi-scale Retinex (2010)

In this paper, we propose an improved image dehazing algorithm using dark channel prior and Multi-Scale Retinex. Main improvement lies in automatic and fast acquisition of transmission map of the scene. We implement the Multi-scale Retinex algorithm on the luminance component in YCbCr space, obtain a pseudo transmission map whose function is similar to the transmission map in original approach. Combining with the haze image model and the dark channel prior, we can recover a high quality haze-free image. Compared with the original method, our algorithm has two main advantages: (i) no user interaction is needed, and (ii) restoring the image much faster while maintaining comparable dehazing performance.
Agents and creativity (1994)

article Free Access Share on Agents and creativity Author: Margaret A. Boden Univ. of Sussex, Brighton, UK Univ. of Sussex, Brighton, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 37Issue 7July 1994 pp 117–121https://doi.org/10.1145/176789.176802Published:01 July 1994Publication History 25citation919DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations25Total Downloads919Last 12 Months25Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Characterization of Rictor Phosphorylation Sites Reveals Direct Regulation of mTOR Complex 2 by S6K1 (2009)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) functions within two distinct complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2) to control cell growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. While there has been great progress in our understanding of mTORC1 regulation, the signaling mechanisms that regulate mTORC2 have not been defined. In this study, we use liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses to identify 21 phosphorylation sites on the core mTORC2 component Rictor. We find that one site, T1135, undergoes growth factor-responsive phosphorylation that is acutely sensitive to rapamycin and is phosphorylated downstream of mTORC1. We find that Rictor-T1135 is directly phosphorylated by the mTORC1-dependent kinase S6K1. Although this phosphorylation event does not affect mTORC2 integrity or in vitro kinase activity, expression of a phosphorylation site mutant of Rictor (T1135A) in either wild-type or Rictor null cells causes an increase in the mTORC2-dependent phosphorylation of Akt on S473. However, Rictor-T1135 phosphorylation does not appear to regulate mTORC2-mediated effects on SGK1 or PKC alpha. While the precise molecular mechanism affecting Akt is unknown, phosphorylation of T1135 stimulates binding of Rictor to 14-3-3 proteins. We provide evidence that Rictor-T1135 phosphorylation acts in parallel with other mTORC1-dependent feedback mechanisms, such as those affecting IRS-1 signaling to PI3K, to regulate the response of Akt to insulin.
Photoactivated Enhancement of Liposome Fusion (1995)

The photopolymerization of two-component large unilamellar liposomes (LUV) composed of 3:1 dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and either 1,2-bis[10-(2'-hexadienoyloxy)decanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylc holine (bis-SorbPC) or 1-palmitoyl-2-[10-(2'-hexadienoyloxy)decanoyl]-sn- glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (mono-SorbPC) facilitated liposome fusion. Fusion was characterized by fluorescent assays for lipid mixing, aqueous contents mixing, and aqueous contents leakage. The rate and extent of the liposome fusion was dependent on the extent of photopolymerization, temperature, and the fusion initiation conditions, including the pH and the presence of Mg2+ ions. Examination of the temperature dependence of fusion for unpolymerized and polymerized liposomes showed that an enhancement of the rate of fusion occurred in the temperature range delta TI, which previous NMR studies have identified as the initial appearance of precursors to the formation of the inverted cubic phase [Barry, J. A., et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 10114]. The phase behavior and fusion characteristics of the DOPE/bis-SorbPC (3:1) membranes provide unequivocal evidence that liposome fusion is mediated via intermediates associated with the lamellar to QII phase transition rather than the HII phase. Photopolymerization of SorbPC-containing liposomes forms poly-SorbPC, which enhances the lateral separation of the liposome components. The formation of enriched domains of polymorphic lipids, e.g., DOPE, causes isothermal induction of fusion by lowering the critical fusion temperature of the membranes.
4-Nerolidylcatechol from<i>Pothomorphe</i>Spp. Scavanges Peroxyl Radicals and Inhibits Fe(II)-Dependent DNA Damage (1997)

The total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) and total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) of 4-nerolidylcatechol (4-NC) and methanolic extracts of Pothomorphe umbellata and P. peltata were determined by monitoring the intensity of luminol enhanced chemiluminescence by peroxyl radicals derived from thermolysis of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane). The highest antioxidant potential was measured in the extract of P. umbellata (TRAP = 97.2 microM) while the highest reactivity was observed in the extract of P. peltata (TAR = 5.0 microM), measured as equivalents of Trolox concentration. These results were higher than those obtained for 4-NC (TRAP = 33.6 microM, TAR = 4.9 microM). DNA sugar damage induced by Fe(II) salts was also used to determine the capacity of 4-NC to suppress hydroxyl radical-mediated degradation of DNA. Calculated IC50 values for 4-NC and catechin, used as a standard, were 25 and 17 microM, respectively.
Representations and operators for improving evolutionary software repair (2012)

Evolutionary computation is a promising technique for automating time-consuming and expensive software maintenance tasks, including bug repair. The success of this approach, however, depends at least partially on the choice of representation, fitness function, and operators. Previous work on evolutionary software repair has employed different approaches, but they have not yet been evaluated in depth. This paper investigates representation and operator choices for source-level evolutionary program repair in the GenProg framework [17], focusing on: (1) representation of individual variants, (2) crossover design, (3) mutation operators, and (4) search space definition. We evaluate empirically on a dataset comprising 8 C programs totaling over 5.1 million lines of code and containing 105 reproducible, human-confirmed defects. Our results provide concrete suggestions for operator and representation design choices for evolutionary program repair. When augmented to incorporate these suggestions, GenProg repairs 5 additional bugs (60 vs. 55 out of 105), with a decrease in repair time of 17-43% for the more difficult repair searches.
EFFICACY OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS FOR REDUCTION OF MOLDS AND DECAY IN FRESH MICHIGAN CHESTNUTS (2010)

In Michigan where chestnut (Castanea spp.) cultivation is a pioneering industry, postharvest molds are responsible for significant economic losses. Molds contaminate chestnut before and at time of harvest and are exacerbated during transportation and storage. Consequently, various chemical sanitizers for fresh produce were evaluated for their effect on management of postharvest chestnut shell mold, kernel decay and weight loss during storage. Treatments were evaluated with chestnuts randomly collected after harvest from seven Michigan growers. Each treatment was repeated four times with 2.3 kg chestnuts per replication. Per replication a sub-group of 10 chestnuts was randomly picked and evaluated for microbiological quality (severity of shell mold and incidence of kernel decay) and weight loss. Overall, 2,700-ppm hydrogen peroxide + 200-ppm peracetic acid (Storox™), and 0.15-ppm trifloxystrobin (Flint ® ) significantly reduced both mold severity on the shell and the incidence of internal kernel decay compared to the other products. Other products and combinations of products may also play an important role in reducing the incidence of decayed kernels, even though they did not strongly reduce mold severity. Among these, were 0.92-ppm ozone solution (Aqua Air Technologies ® ), 7.5-mg chlorine dioxide/g of chestnuts (ICA TriNova ® ), 100-ppm peracetic acid (Lenntech™), 0.2-M sodium metabisulfite, and 1,350-ppm hydrogen peroxide + 100-ppm peracetic (Storox™) acid in combination with 1,980-ppm caprylic acid, 1,333-ppm glycolic acid and 20-ppm capric acid (CAF-06™). No product significantly reduced weight loss during storage. Based on these findings 2,700-ppm hydrogen peroxide + 200-ppm peracetic acid (Storox™) and 0.92-ppm ozone solution (Aqua Air Technologies ) are best suited to protect against postharvest chestnut mold and kernel decay respectively when combined with good agricultural practices and postharvest management.
Pharmacological and therapeutic potential of Cordyceps with special reference to Cordycepin (2013)

An entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps sp. has been known to have numerous pharmacological and therapeutic implications, especially, in terms of human health making it a suitable candidate for ethno-pharmacological use. Main constituent of the extract derived from this fungus comprises a novel bio-metabolite called as Cordycepin (3'deoxyadenosine) which has a very potent anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The current review discusses about the broad spectrum potential of Cordycepin including biological and pharmacological actions in immunological, hepatic, renal, cardiovascular systems as well as an anti-cancer agent. The article also reviews the current efforts to delineate the mechanism of action of Cordycepin in various bio-molecular processes. The study will certainly draw the attention of scientific community to improve the bioactivity and production of Cordycepin for its commercial use in pharmacological and medical fields.
Fungal siderophore biosynthesis is partially localized in peroxisomes (2013)

Siderophores play a central role in iron metabolism and virulence of most fungi. Both Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans excrete the siderophore triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC) for iron acquisition. In A. fumigatus, green fluorescence protein-tagging revealed peroxisomal localization of the TAFC biosynthetic enzymes SidI (mevalonyl-CoA ligase), SidH (mevalonyl-CoA hydratase) and SidF (anhydromevalonyl-CoA transferase), while elimination of the peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) impaired both, peroxisomal SidH-targeting and TAFC biosynthesis. The analysis of A. nidulans mutants deficient in peroxisomal biogenesis, ATP import or protein import revealed that cytosolic mislocalization of one or two but, interestingly, not all three enzymes impairs TAFC production during iron starvation. The PTS motifs are conserved in fungal orthologues of SidF, SidH and SidI. In agreement with the evolutionary conservation of the partial peroxisomal compartmentalization of fungal siderophore biosynthesis, the SidI orthologue of coprogen-type siderophore-producing Neurospora crassa was confirmed to be peroxisomal. Taken together, this study identified and characterized a novel, evolutionary conserved metabolic function of peroxisomes.
Properties of carbon nitride films with composition ratio <i>C</i>/<i>N</i>=0.5–3.0 prepared by the ion and vapor deposition method (1994)

Carbon nitride films with the composition ratio CR(C/N)=0.5–3.0 were prepared by the ion and vapor deposition method, where carbon was evaporated on various substrates while being simultaneously bombarded with 0.5–10.0 keV nitrogen ions. The properties of the films were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), ultraviolet transmission spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and hardness measurements. The films formed at energies lower than 0.8 keV and CR(C/N)=0.6–0.7 on tungsten carbide showed the highest Knoop harness of 6400 kgf/mm2 on films with 1 μm thickness and a maximum optical band gap of 2.7 eV. X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrated that all films have an amorphous structure. The XPS and FT-IR studies indicated that the peak newly observed at 286.3 eV in the C-1s1/2 XPS spectra arises from triple bonding C≡N.
On the Nature of Crystals Precipitating from Aqueous Silver Ethylenediamine Oxalate Complex Solutions (2021)

Abstract Aqueous silver ethylene diamine oxalate complex solution is a critical precursor in the production of supported silver catalysts. Crystals precipitating from such complex solutions are characterized by single‐crystal structure analysis as [Ag(μ‐ en )] 2 (C 2 O 4 )×2H 2 O. Silver atoms are bridged by ethylenediamine molecules in a molar ratio of 1 : 1 forming slightly distorted one‐dimensional polymeric Ag(μ ‐en )‐chains along the c axis. Oxygen atoms of oxalate groups show no direct coordination to silver atoms. Oxygen atoms of lattice water molecules show a weak lateral coordination to silver atoms within slightly bent N−Ag−N fragments.
Wavelength tuning characteristics of DFB lasers having twin-guide structures modulated by injection current or electric field (1992)

The wavelength tuning and intensity modulation characteristics are presented for three types of twin-guide (TG) lasers entirely fabricated by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). A wide continuous tuning range of 5.3 nm is obtained for the tunable twin-guide (TTG) laser. The TTG lasers, however, have the drawbacks of output power reduction and spectral linewidth broadening during tuning. A new type of tunable laser, the complementary twin-active-guide (CTAG) laser, is proposed, and its tuning characteristics are presented for the first time. A wide continuous tuning range over 4 nm is obtained, although the thermal effect is more dominant than carrier effects. The CTAG structure enables suppression of the spectral linewidth broadening induced by the injected carrier recombination shot noise (IRSN) during tuning. The characteristics of the TG lasers modulated by reverse bias are presented, and the possibility of using these TG lasers for wavelength tuning is studied.
IMMUNOMODULATION BY SOLUBLE HLA CLASS I (1995)

SangStat Medical Corp., Menlo Park, California, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin; and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California 1SangStat Medical Corp. 3Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital 4Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University
Blind Null-Space Learning for MIMO Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks (2012)

This paper proposes a blind technique for MIMO cognitive radio Secondary Users (SU) to transmit in the same band simultaneously with a Primary User (PU) under a maximum interference constraint. In the proposed technique, the SU is able to meet the interference constraint of the PU without explicitly estimating the interference channel matrix to the PU and without burdening the PU with any interaction with the SU. The only condition required of the PU is that for a short time interval it uses a power control scheme such that its transmitted power is a monotonic function of the interference inflicted by the SU. During this time interval, the SU iteratively modifies the spatial orientation of its transmitted signal and measures the effect of this modification on the PU's total transmit power. The entire process is based on energy measurements which is very desirable from an implementation point of view.