gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Conical Camera for Single-Crystal Orientation by Means of X Rays (1967)

This paper describes a modification of the back reflection Laue camera in which the film is placed on a conical surface, thereby providing a direct stereographic projection of the crystal without the use of nets or the measurement of angles. A larger number of reflections is also obtained for this camera as compared with the flat camera. A quantitative discussion of the geometry of the diffraction patterns obtainable with this camera is presented.
Molecular Epidemiology of Mastitis Pathogens of Dairy Cattle and Comparative Relevance to Humans (2011)

Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, can be caused by a wide range of organisms, including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, mycoplasmas and algae. Many microbial species that are common causes of bovine mastitis, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus also occur as commensals or pathogens of humans whereas other causative species, such as Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae or Staphylococcus chromogenes, are almost exclusively found in animals. A wide range of molecular typing methods have been used in the past two decades to investigate the epidemiology of bovine mastitis at the subspecies level. These include comparative typing methods that are based on electrophoretic banding patterns, library typing methods that are based on the sequence of selected genes, virulence gene arrays and whole genome sequencing projects. The strain distribution of mastitis pathogens has been investigated within individual animals and across animals, herds, countries and host species, with consideration of the mammary gland, other animal or human body sites, and environmental sources. Molecular epidemiological studies have contributed considerably to our understanding of sources, transmission routes, and prognosis for many bovine mastitis pathogens and to our understanding of mechanisms of host-adaptation and disease causation. In this review, we summarize knowledge gleaned from two decades of molecular epidemiological studies of mastitis pathogens in dairy cattle and discuss aspects of comparative relevance to human medicine.
Robust fault detection based on adaptive threshold generation using interval LPV observers (2011)

SUMMARY In this paper, robust fault detection based on adaptive threshold generation of a non‐linear system described by means of a linear parameter‐varying (LPV) model is addressed. Adaptive threshold is generated using an interval LPV observer that generates a band of predicted outputs taking into account the parameter uncertainties bounded using intervals. An algorithm that propagates the uncertainty based on zonotopes is proposed. The design procedure of this interval LPV observer is implemented via pole placement using linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the minimum detectable fault is characterized using fault sensitivity analysis and residual uncertainty bounds. Two examples, one based on a quadruple‐tank system and another based on a two‐degree of freedom helicopter, are used to assess the validity of the proposed fault detection approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potent Inhibition of EEC Colony Formation in JAK2V617F PV and ET by Low Doses of ITF2357, a New Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor. (2006)

Abstract Background In Polycythemia Vera (PV) and Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) hematopoietic progenitor cells can proliferate in vitro in the absence of exogenous growth factors. A somatic point mutation in the JAK2 gene (JAK2V617F) has been recently recognised as the key pathogenetic lesion of these diseases leading to constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2, cytokine hypersensitivity and autonomous outgrowth of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Hystone-Deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are known inducers of cell differentiation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of neoplastic cells. ITF2357 is a new HDACi (Italfarmaco, Milano, Italy) which, at low micromolar concentration in vitro, inhibits the secretion of several cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, VEGF and IFN-g and exerts a potent anti tumor activity against multiple myeloma (MM) and acute myeloid leukemia cells (AML) (Golay et al., submitted). ITF2357 is well tolerated when given to normal healthy volounteers and Phase II clinical trials are currently ongoing in AML and MM. Aim To investigate the ability of ITF2357 and the prototypic HDAC inhibitor Suberoyl Anilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) used as control, to inhibit the spontaneous outgrowth of hematopoietic stem cells obtained from patients with PV (n= 6, all JAK2V617F ), ET (n= 13, 7 JAK2V617F ) and Idiopathic Erythrocytosis (IE, n= 6, all negative for JAK2V617F ). Results Endogenous erythroid colonies (EEC) assays were performed using mononuclear cells (MNC) from peripheral blood samples obtained from patients at the time of regular follow-up visits in our clinic. MNC obtained from IE or ET patients negative for JAK2V617F neither exhibited spontaneous EEC formation nor Epo hypersensitivity (from 0.1 UI/ml up to 10UI/ml). On the contrary, MNC from JAK2V617F PV and ET patients invariably sustained the spontaneous EEC outgrowth with a marked Epo hypersensitivity. When ITF2357 was added to the colony assay (ranging from 0.001 to 0.75 μM), a 90% inhibition of EEC formation was observed in all JAK2V617F PV and ET patients at 0.01 μM concentration, which corresponds to a blood level easily attained following oral administration of safe doses of ITF2357 to healthy individuals. By contrast, the prototypic HDAC inhibitor SAHA displayed a similar inhibitory activity on EEC formation only when used at 0.25 μM. By flow cytometry experiments performed on mature granulocytes isolated from PV patients we could show that ITF2357 does not modulate the overexpression of Leucocyte Alkaline Phospatase and CD177 (the PRV-1 gene product) thus suggesting that the inhibitory activity on hematopoietic cells is mainly due to a direct action on the stem cell compartment. Conclusion ITF2357, at concentration easily attained after low oral doses of the drug, show a potent inhibitory activity on the autonomous proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells of PV and TE carrying the JAK2 V617F mutation. This may provide the framework for a Phase II study of ITF2357 in these malignancies.
Breast dosimetry system in screen/film mammography (2000)

The average glandular dose to glandular tissue m mammography is generally assumed to be a function of beam quality (HVL), x-ray tube target material, tube voltage, breast thickness, breast composition and, to a lesser extent, x-ray tube voltage waveform. The average glandular dose is generally determined from published tables with knowledge of the above function. Tables for a high frequency x-ray generator are not yet published. In our study, the lookup tables for the average glandular dose were made at 28 kV (high frequency x-ray generator), employing a breast simulating tissue (0-100% adipose tissue, 0-100% glandular tissue) phantom for an Mo target - Mo filter source assembly. We tried to estimate breast composition from x-ray mammograms by digital image processing techniques, also using the simulating tissue phantom. Then the system that automatically calculates the average glandular dose from digitized clinical x-ray mammograms was built. It is considered that this system can contribute to objective evaluation of the average glandular dose.
Up-regulation of Skp2 after Prostate Cancer Cell Adhesion to Basement Membranes Results in BRCA2 Degradation and Cell Proliferation (2006)

Aberrant interaction of carcinoma cells with basement membranes (BM) is a fundamental pathophysiological process that initiates a series of events resulting in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. In this report, we describe the results of our investigations pertaining to the events triggered by the adhesion of normal (PNT1A) and highly metastatic (PC-3) prostate cells onto BM proteins. Unlike PNT1A, PC-3 cells adhered avidly to Matrigel BM matrix as well as to isolated collagen type IV, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan, main BM components. This aberrantly increased cancer cell adhesion resulted in sustained BRCA2 protein depletion and vigorous cell proliferation, a cascade triggered by beta1 integrin-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation leading to BRCA2 degradation in the proteasome. This latter effect was orchestrated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent up-regulation of Skp2, a subunit of the Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein ubiquitin complex that directly associates with BRCA2 as demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation assays, determines its ubiquitination, and ultimately targets it for proteasomal degradation. Inhibition of Skp2 expression by small interference RNA prevented BRCA2 depletion and inhibited the trophic effect upon cell proliferation. These results provide additional evidence on the role of BRCA2 as a modulator of cancer cell growth and elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in its down-regulation in cancer cells when interacting with BM, a crucial step in the biology of metastasis. Furthering the understanding of this molecular pathway may prove valuable in designing new therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the natural history of prostate carcinoma.
Notes on some jumping spiders (Araneae:Salticidae) of Hong Kong (1997)

The present paper deals with five species of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of Hong Kong collected by Miss Wu Kar-yee in 1995. Of them, Bianor aeneiceps is newly recorded from Hong Kong and other four species are considered new to science. Type specimens are deposited in the University of Hong Kong. All measurements given are in millimeters.
Anesthesiologist-level forecasting of hypoxemia with only SpO2 data using deep learning (2017)

We use a deep learning model trained only on a patient's blood oxygenation data (measurable with an inexpensive fingertip sensor) to predict impending hypoxemia (low blood oxygen) more accurately than trained anesthesiologists with access to all the data recorded in a modern operating room. We also provide a simple way to visualize the reason why a patient's risk is low or high by assigning weight to the patient's past blood oxygen values. This work has the potential to provide cutting-edge clinical decision support in low-resource settings, where rates of surgical complication and death are substantially greater than in high-resource areas.
Automatic unpaired shape deformation transfer (2018)

Transferring deformation from a source shape to a target shape is a very useful technique in computer graphics. State-of-the-art deformation transfer methods require either point-wise correspondences between source and target shapes, or pairs of deformed source and target shapes with corresponding deformations. However, in most cases, such correspondences are not available and cannot be reliably established using an automatic algorithm. Therefore, substantial user effort is needed to label the correspondences or to obtain and specify such shape sets. In this work, we propose a novel approach to automatic deformation transfer between two unpaired shape sets without correspondences. 3D deformation is represented in a high-dimensional space. To obtain a more compact and effective representation, two convolutional variational autoencoders are learned to encode source and target shapes to their latent spaces. We exploit a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to map deformed source shapes to deformed target shapes, both in the latent spaces, which ensures the obtained shapes from the mapping are indistinguishable from the target shapes. This is still an under-constrained problem, so we further utilize a reverse mapping from target shapes to source shapes and incorporate cycle consistency loss, i.e. applying both mappings should reverse to the input shape. This VAE-Cycle GAN (VC-GAN) architecture is used to build a reliable mapping between shape spaces. Finally, a similarity constraint is employed to ensure the mapping is consistent with visual similarity, achieved by learning a similarity neural network that takes the embedding vectors from the source and target latent spaces and predicts the light field distance between the corresponding shapes. Experimental results show that our fully automatic method is able to obtain high-quality deformation transfer results with unpaired data sets, comparable or better than existing methods where strict correspondences are required.
A real-time streaming memory controller (2005)

With ever more complex multimedia applications used in mobile devices, the realization of high performance, flexibility and programmability requirements depends largely on the design of a system communication infrastructure. This infrastructure, often a network, should provide a large variety of services for the transportation of streamed data. When an external memory is also used for streaming communication purposes and, together with the communication infrastructure, forms a part of the streaming, additional support is needed for the memory in order to guarantee the integrity of the communication services provided by the network when data is accessing the memory. This led us to the design of a streaming memory controller (SMC) for off-chip (DDR-)SDRAM memories that enables a shared memory implementation of the streaming based on an off-chip network (PCI Express). In this paper, we present the ideas that gave rise to the SMC, the actual design of the SMC, as well as the evaluation of the design.
Development of a multiuser and multimedia game engine based on TCP/IP (2002)

According to the progress of high-speed network and multimedia technologies, related new experimental software is being researched and developed. Multiuser games are a kind of network-based software. The authors describe the implementation of a multiuser and multimedia game engine which enables several users to play the same game simultaneously under a multimedia environment. The implemented game engine provides a script language which can be used to describe the game scenario and facilitates the development of a new game. It also supports the separation of multimedia data necessary for clients from the server, which can reduce the network load and maintain the multimedia data effectively.
Computer generated music composition (1996)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.
Programmable Reinforcement Learning Agents (2000)

We present an expressive agent design language for reinforcement learn-ing that allows the user to constrain the policies considered by the learn-ing process.The language includes standard features such as parameter-ized subroutines, temporary interrupts, aborts, and memory variables, but also allows for unspecified choices in the agent program. For learning that which isn&apos;t specified, we present provably convergent learning algo-rithms. We demonstrate by example that agent programs written in the language are concise as well as modular. This facilitates state abstraction and the transferability of learned skills. 1
Visualization Tools for Teaching Computer Security (2010)

Using animated visualization tools has been an important teaching approach in computer science education. We have developed three visualization and animation tools that demonstrate various information security concepts and actively engage learners. The information security concepts illustrated include: packet sniffer and related computer network concepts, the Kerberos authentication architecture, and wireless network attacks. These tools are implemented using Macromedia Flash MX Professional Edition. The animations can run from a Web page as Flash Applets or as standalone applications. These visualization tools are intended to be used in undergraduate level computer network and security courses. They can be used as classroom instructor demos, student exercises, or Web-based student learning resources. These tools have been used in various computer network and information security courses at North Carolina A&T State University, and have received positive feedback from the students.
Design and Control of a Modular Multilevel HVDC Converter With Redundant Power Modules for Noninterruptible Energy Transfer (2012)

This paper presents design and control methods for fault-tolerant operations with redundant converter modules, one of the most prominent features in modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology. In fully implementing MMC functionalities, a nearest level control is applied as a low-switching modulation method. A dual sorting algorithm is newly proposed for effectively reducing the switching commutations of each power module as well as for voltage balancing control. Built upon these primary MMC topological and control features, its redundant operation is comprehensively investigated for fail-safe energy transfer. In particular, a novel spare process is proposed to handle an emergency situation when the number of faulty power modules exceeds the module redundancy. Since topological redundancy may cause the switching commutations of power modules in an arm to be unevenly distributed, a practical and effective mitigation measure is incorporated to keep the energy balance while avoiding the undesired switching stresses. Rigorous simulation studies for MMC and its application for high-voltage direct current are performed to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed spare process under normal and emergency conditions.
Influence of nonselective beta-adrenergic impacts on the effects of thrombocytopoietin in mice. (1987)

The effects of plasma thrombocytopoietin are investigated in test mice against the background of nonselective beta adrenergic impacts. The changes in the thrombocytopoiesis are accounted for by the thrombocytes count and by the percentage of 75selenomethionine incorporated in the newly-formed thrombocytes. Plasma thrombocytopoietin is found to stimulate markedly thrombocytopoiesis on the background of beta-adrenergic stimulation with isoprenaline. Pretreatment with propranolol totally prevents this stimulation. Independent treatment with propranolol as a background of thrombocytopoietin considerably inhibits thrombocytopoiesis. The effects of thrombocytopoietin are found to depend on the state of the beta-adrenoreceptors: their stimulation has a synergic effect on thrombocytopoietin, while their blocking impedes its realization. The data established are indirect proof about the existence of beta-adrenoreceptors in the megakaryocyte series and probably in its precursors as well.
Promoter Methylation Status of the DNA Repair Genes <i>hMLH1</i> and <i>MGMT</i> in Gastric Carcinoma and Metaplastic Mucosa (2001)

Hypermethylation of CpG islands in the promoter region is associated with the silencing of a variety of tumor suppressor genes. DNA repair genes human Mut L homologue 1 (hMLH1) and O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) have been shown to be hypermethylated in certain carcinomas. We studied DNA methylation of CpG islands in hMLH1 and MGMT in 50 gastric carcinomas and 10 intestinal metaplastic mucosa samples. We analyzed the methylation status of hMLH1 and MGMT using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing analysis. We measured protein levels of hMLH1 using Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. CpG island hypermethylation of hMLH1 and MGMT was detected in 11 (22%) and 8 (16%) of the 50 gastric tumors, respectively. Hypermethylation of the promoter was more common in intestinal-type gastric carcinomas than in poorly diffuse-type gastric carcinomas (p = 0.016 and 0.021, respectively; Fisher's exact test). However, hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation did not coincide with MGMT promoter hypermethylation except in 1 patient. Hypermethylation of the hMLH1 promoter but not the MGMT promoter occurred in intestinal metaplastic mucosae. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a corresponding reduction in hMLH1 protein expression in some of the intestinal metaplastic mucosae. Our results suggest that at least two types of promoter methylation participate in the development of gastric carcinoma. Tumor-specific promoter hypermethylation of hMLH1 may be an early event in carcinogenesis in the stomach.
Dural sinus stent placement for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (2011)

All stents remained patent without restenosis. Stent placement is durable and successfully eliminates papilledema in appropriately selected patients. Continuing hemodynamic success in this series was 80%, and was 87% with repeat stent placement in 1 patient.
Spin Polarized Tunneling at Finite Bias (2005)

A mesoscopic spin valve is used to determine the dynamic spin polarization of electrons tunneling out of and into ferromagnetic (FM) transition metals at finite voltages. The dynamic polarization of electrons tunneling out of the FM slowly decreases with increasing bias but drops faster and even inverts with voltage when electrons tunnel into it. A free-electron model shows that in the former case electrons originate near the Fermi level of the FM with large polarization whereas in the latter, electrons tunnel into hot electron states for which the polarization is significantly reduced. The change in sign is ascribed to the matching of the electron wave function inside and outside the tunnel barrier.
Experimental chemotherapy of human medulloblastoma cell lines and transplantable xenografts with bifunctional alkylating agents. (1988)

A series of bifunctional alkylators were tested against the genotypically and phenotypically heterogeneous continuous human medulloblastoma cell lines, TE-671, Daoy, and D283 Med in vitro and against TE-671 and Daoy growing as s.c. and intracranial xenografts in athymic mice. Drugs tested included melphalan, cyclophosphamide, iphosphamide, phenylketocyclophosphamide, thiotepa, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (in vivo), and busulfan (in vivo). Melphalan and phenylketocyclophosphamide were the most active agents in vitro with drug doses at which there is a 90% reduction in the number of colonies in comparison to controls of 2.13, 5.29, and 4.72 microM for melphalan and 4.60, 5.01, and 4.34 microM for phenylketocyclophosphamide against TE-671, D283 Med, and Daoy, respectively. Melphalan, cyclophosphamide, iphosphamide, phenylketocyclophosphamide, and thiotepa produced significant growth delays against s.c. TE-671 and Daoy xenografts, while no activity could be demonstrated for 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea or busulfan. Melphalan, cyclophosphamide, iphosphamide, and thiotepa also produced significant increases in median survival in mice bearing intracranial TE-671 and Daoy xenografts. These results extend our previous studies demonstrating the antitumor activity of nitrogen and phosphoramide mustard-based bifunctional alkylating agents in the treatment of human medulloblastoma continuous cell lines and transplantable xenografts, and support the continued use of these agents in clinical trials.