gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge- and Size-Selective Ion Sieving Through Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXene Membranes (2015)

Nanometer-thin sheets of 2D Ti3C2Tx (MXene) have been assembled into freestanding or supported membranes for the charge- and size-selective rejection of ions and molecules. MXene membranes with controllable thicknesses ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers exhibited flexibility, high mechanical strength, hydrophilic surfaces, and electrical conductivity that render them promising for separation applications. Micrometer-thick MXene membranes demonstrated ultrafast water flux of 37.4 L/(Bar·h·m(2)) and differential sieving of salts depending on both the hydration radius and charge of the ions. Cations with a larger charge and hydration radii smaller than the interlayer spacing of MXene (∼6 Å) demonstrate an order of magnitude slower permeation compared to single-charged cations. Our findings may open a door for developing efficient and highly selective separation membranes from 2D carbides.
Orbital Operations for Phobos and Deimos Exploration (2012)

One of the deep-space human exploration activities proposed for the post-Shuttle era is a mission to one of the moons of Mars, Phobos or Deimos. There are several options available to the mission architect for operations around these bodies. These options include distant retrograde orbits (DROs), Lagrange-point orbits such as halos and Lyapunov orbits, and fixed-point stationkeeping or hovering. These three orbit options are discussed in the context of the idealized circular restricted three body problem, full-dynamics propagations, and a concept of operations. The discussion is focused on Phobos, but all results hold for Deimos
Assessment of Spaceborne GNSS-R Ocean Altimetry Performance Using CYGNSS Mission Raw Data (2019)

This article assesses the ocean altimetry performance of spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite Systems reflectometry (GNSS-R) by processing the raw data sets collected by the Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) constellation. These raw data sets, i.e., the intermediate frequency signal streams before any receiver processing, are processed on the ground with a software receiver, from which the reflected waveforms of GPS L1, Galileo E1, and BeiDou-3 B1 band open service (OS) signals are generated following the conventional GNSS-R approach. By using different retracking algorithms, the bistatic delays of the reflected signals are derived from these waveforms, in which the retracking biases are removed with the specular point (SP) delay and power information computed from the corresponding waveform model. After applying a set of standard delay corrections, the bistatic delay observations are converted into sea surface height (SSH) measurements and compared with the mean SSH model. Both the random error (precision) and systematic effects (accuracy) are characterized with intratrack and intertrack analyses of the bistatic delay measurements. The two-way ranging precision can reach up to 3.9 and 2.5 m with 1-s GPS and Galileo group delay measurement (a factor of ~2 better for altimetry solution), and its evolution with the signal-to-noise ratio shows good consistency with the theoretical model. A significant delay dispersion of 3.0 m between different tracks is found, which is mainly attributed to the receiver orbit error and ionospheric correction residuals. These results can provide useful inputs for the development of future GNSS-R missions dedicated to ocean altimetry applications.
Use of a NovelLiquid Gelling Agent for Acidizing in the Levelland Field (1982)

ABSTRACT The San Andres dolomite formation of the Level land Field in Hockley County, Texas is typically stimulated by acidizing. The types of treatments include workovers of production and injection wells, and initial stimulations of infill drilled wells. This formation is naturally fractured and normally produces a large quantity of released fines following an acidizing treatment. Gelled acid systems are beneficial in stimulation of these type formations due to decreased fluid leakoff and improved fines suspending ability. Several types of acid gelling systems based on polymers are presently available. The use of residual polymer or degraded polymer residue in the Levelland Field may prevent complete recovery of treating fluids and fines. A gelling agent based on surfactant rather than polymer chemistry has been found to exhibit some unique foam properties in laboratory experiments. Acid gelled with this novel thickener required no additional foaming surfactants, gave higher quality foams than polymer thickened acids of equal viscosity, and allowed stable foams to be prepared which contained less than 50% nitrogen. An evaluation of this gelling-foaming system has been done in the Levelland Field. A comparison is made based on field results between regular acid and other gelled acid systems. Wells with similar pay quality were selected using log and other analyses and comparative treatments were performed. Details of these treatments and production results are given in the paper. Cumulative production data one year after treatment revealed foamed surfactant gelled acid to be the most effective treatment for initial stimulations. Further evaluation of acid gelling systems is presented in the paper through a composite of results from surfactant gelled and conventional acid treatments involving workovers of producing wells. Although many treating variables were not constant, production results from surfactant gelled acid indicates substantial improvement over more conventional acid systems.
Microinjection of ras p21 induces a rapid rise in intracellular pH. (1987)

Quiescent mouse NIH 3T3 cells responded to microinjection of activated ras p21 with a rapid and sustained rise in intracellular pH (approximately 0.17 pH units). The p21-induced pH change was inhibited by amiloride treatment or growth of cells in medium low in sodium, suggesting a role for the Na+/H+ antiporter. Amiloride was found to suppress p21-induced mitosis, also.
Quasidynamic Network Assignment Procedure with Transient Demand Matrices (2005)

This paper presents a simulation-based quasidynamic network assignment (DNA) procedure that facilitates the representation of changes in route choice behavior of users traveling on extended urban networks. The procedure is based on the building of regularly updated transient demand matrices. Its potential to facilitate on-line traffic monitoring of the effects of implementing real-time guidance systems is investigated both theoretically and empirically through testing in real urban network conditions. The DNA model performance is assessed with respect to the assumed origin–destination (O–D) matrix split sequence, the temporal length of updating periods, in which the total assignment period is divided, and the total size of O–D demand. The simulation results indicate the beneficial impact of dynamic optimal path information provision using the DNA model on network performance. The benefits of information updating frequency, ranging from 30to5min , are found to increase with respect to the growing levels of network congestion.
Stimulated Thermal Rayleigh Scattering in Liquids (1968)

Additional measurements of the critical absorption coefficient and the anti-Stokes shift of light backscattered from absorbing solutions illuminated by a giant-pulse ruby laser are presented. Frequency shifts of less than the predicted value of one-half the incident linewidth are thought to be due to saturation effects and failure to remove completely the incident light from the interferogram of the backscattered light. The low values of the critical absorption co-efficient observed in several liquids are discussed and measurements of the nonlinear attenuation of some liquids are presented.
In search of efficient n-type skutterudite thermoelectrics (2003)

Filled skutterudites continue to draw attention as prospective novel thermoelectric materials for power generation applications in the range of temperatures around 700 K-800 K. High ZT values established on the p-type forms of R/sub y/Co/sub x/Fe/sub 4-x/Sb/sub 12/ (R standing for a rare earth element) some time ago are now being approached with the n-type forms of filled skutterudites. I review the work done during the past two years in developing various n-type filled skutterudites with the dimensionless figure of merit in excess of unity.
Success Factors of Biotechnology Industry Based on Triangular Fuzzy Number (2013)

Based on the theory of competitive advantage and value chain, this paper establishes the indicator system, and develop the strategic framework using the fuzzy Delphi method. Then the triangular fuzzy number model is established using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, and the key factors influencing biotechnology industry are extracted. The results show that in terms of weight, the key factors influencing the success of biotechnology industry are sequenced as follows: “open innovation capacity”, “quality and cost control ability”, “advanced customer-oriented product manufacturing capacity”, “technology R & D personnel's capacity”, “brand image building capacity”, “logistics and sales capacity”, “grasping the market demand trends”. The manufacturers and government decision-making body can use this as the basis, to promote the development of the biotechnology industry.
<b>Propafenone</b>: An Effective Agent for the Management of Supraventricular Arrhythmias (1996)

Propafenone is a sodium channel blocking antiarrhythmic drug. It also has beta-adrenergic, potassium channel, and weak calcium channel blocking activity. The drug is metabolized in the liver with rates dependent on the debrisoquin phenotype. The saturable metabolism results in nonlinear pharmacokinetics. The metabolites retain sodium channel blocking activity but little beta-adrenergic blocking activity. Both controlled and noncontrolled studies have documented its efficacy in a variety of supraventricular arrhythmias. Intravenous propafenone is effective in converting atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm. Chronic oral administration decreases the frequency of recurrence of atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The drug is particularly effective in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The drug may produce SA block in patients with underlying sinus node dysfunction. Propafenone has comparatively few noncardiac side effects. It is a useful primary drug or an alternative to more commonly used drugs used for the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias.
<i>PIK3CA</i> Mutations Are Associated With Decreased Benefit to Neoadjuvant Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer (2015)

Activating mutations in PIK3CA predicted poor pCR in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapies that target HER2. Consequently, the combination of anti-HER2 agents and PI3K inhibitors is being investigated.
Sensitivity Tunable Inductive Fluid Conductivity Sensor Based on RF Phase Detection (2007)

New results are presented for a sensitivity-tunable, inductive fluid conductivity sensor based on RF phase detection. An electronically controlled RF phase shifter allows the sensor to function in a wide range of conductivities from 2-70 mS/cm and helps tune the sensitivity of the response in a selected conductivity range. The noncontact nature of the sensor makes it suitable for corrosive fluids. Furthermore, the small size of the sensing element (1 inch. Sq X 6 mm thick) makes it suitable for compact in-line and hand held monitoring systems.
Enhancement of the Dissolution and Permeation Rates of Meloxicam by Formation of Its Freeze-dried Solid Dispersions in Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 (2006)

Freeze-drying (FD) and solvent evaporation (SE) were used to prepare solid dispersions (SDs) of meloxicam (MX) in polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 (PVP). The SDs were prepared at different ratios, namely 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 MX:PVP weight ratio. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR), and x-ray powder diffractometry (XPD) were utilized to characterize the physicochemical properties of the SDs. Meloxicam (MX) in the solid dispersions appeared with less crystallinity form and was present in a complete amorphous form at higher PVP ratio. Dissolution rates of MX as a pure drug, physical mixtures (PMs), and SDs indicated a marked increase of the dissolution rate of MX in presence of PVP. The increase in the dissolution rate was dependent on the ratio of PVP and the method of preparation. In addition, the permeability of the drug through standard cellophane membrane and hairless mouse skin was also evaluated. The permeation rate of MX was significantly increased in the case of SDs and was dependent on the ratio of PVP. The results were primarily due to increase wettability, the solubilization of the drug by the carrier, and formation of MX amorphous form.
Testing the accuracy of an observation-based classifier for rapid detection of autism risk (2014)

Current approaches for diagnosing autism have high diagnostic validity but are time consuming and can contribute to delays in arriving at an official diagnosis. In a pilot study, we used machine learning to derive a classifier that represented a 72% reduction in length from the gold-standard Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G), while retaining >97% statistical accuracy. The pilot study focused on a relatively small sample of children with and without autism. The present study sought to further test the accuracy of the classifier (termed the observation-based classifier (OBC)) on an independent sample of 2616 children scored using ADOS from five data repositories and including both spectrum (n=2333) and non-spectrum (n=283) individuals. We tested OBC outcomes against the outcomes provided by the original and current ADOS algorithms, the best estimate clinical diagnosis, and the comparison score severity metric associated with ADOS-2. The OBC was significantly correlated with the ADOS-G (r=-0.814) and ADOS-2 (r=-0.779) and exhibited >97% sensitivity and >77% specificity in comparison to both ADOS algorithm scores. The correspondence to the best estimate clinical diagnosis was also high (accuracy=96.8%), with sensitivity of 97.1% and specificity of 83.3%. The correlation between the OBC score and the comparison score was significant (r=-0.628), suggesting that the OBC provides both a classification as well as a measure of severity of the phenotype. These results further demonstrate the accuracy of the OBC and suggest that reductions in the process of detecting and monitoring autism are possible.
Estimation of V?O2max from the ratio between HRmax and HRrest ? the Heart Rate Ratio Method (2003)

The effects of training and/or ageing upon maximal oxygen uptake ( VO(2max)) and heart rate values at rest (HR(rest)) and maximal exercise (HR(max)), respectively, suggest a relationship between VO(2max) and the HR(max)-to-HR(rest) ratio which may be of use for indirect testing of VO(2max). Fick principle calculations supplemented by literature data on maximum-to-rest ratios for stroke volume and the arterio-venous O(2) difference suggest that the conversion factor between mass-specific VO(2max) (ml.min(-1).kg(-1)) and HR(max).HR(rest)(-1) is approximately 15. In the study we experimentally examined this relationship and evaluated its potential for prediction of VO(2max). VO(2max) was measured in 46 well-trained men (age 21-51 years) during a treadmill protocol. A subgroup ( n=10) demonstrated that the proportionality factor between HR(max).HR(rest)(-1) and mass-specific VO(2max) was 15.3 (0.7) ml.min(-1).kg(-1). Using this value, VO(2max) in the remaining 36 individuals could be estimated with an SEE of 0.21 l.min(-1) or 2.7 ml.min(-1).kg(-1) (approximately 4.5%). This compares favourably with other common indirect tests. When replacing measured HR(max) with an age-predicted one, SEE was 0.37 l.min(-1) and 4.7 ml.min(-1).kg(-1) (approximately 7.8%), which is still comparable with other indirect tests. We conclude that the HR(max)-to-HR(rest) ratio may provide a tool for estimation of VO(2max) in well-trained men. The applicability of the test principle in relation to other groups will have to await direct validation. VO(2max) can be estimated indirectly from the measured HR(max)-to-HR(rest) ratio with an accuracy that compares favourably with that of other common indirect tests. The results also suggest that the test may be of use for VO(2max) estimation based on resting measurements alone.
Use of LC–HRMS in full scan‐XIC mode for multi‐analyte urine drug testing – a step towards a ‘black‐box’ solution? (2017)

The influx of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has created a need for improved methods for drug testing in toxicology laboratories. The aim of this work was to design, validate and apply a multi-analyte liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for screening of 148 target analytes belonging to the NPS class, plant alkaloids and new psychoactive therapeutic drugs. The analytical method used a fivefold dilution of urine with nine deuterated internal standards and injection of 2 μl. The LC system involved a 2.0 μm 100 × 2.0 mm YMC-UltraHT Hydrosphere-C<sub>18</sub> column and gradient elution with a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min and a total analysis time of 6.0 min. Solvent A consisted of 10 mmol/l ammonium formate and 0.005% formic acid, pH 4.8, and Solvent B was methanol with 10 mmol/l ammonium formate and 0.005% formic acid. The HRMS (Q Exactive, Thermo Scientific) used a heated electrospray interface and was operated in positive mode with 70 000 resolution. The scan range was 100-650 Da, and data for extracted ion chromatograms used ± 10 ppm tolerance. Product ion monitoring was applied for confirmation analysis and for some selected analytes also for screening. Method validation demonstrated limited influence from urine matrix, linear response within the measuring range (typically 0.1-1.0 μg/ml) and acceptable imprecision in quantification (CV <15%). A few analytes were found to be unstable in urine upon storage. The method was successfully applied for routine drug testing of 17 936 unknown samples, of which 2715 (15%) contained 52 of the 148 analytes. It is concluded that the method design based on simple dilution of urine and using LC-HRMS in extracted ion chromatogram mode may offer an analytical system for urine drug testing that fulfils the requirement of a 'black box' solution and can replace immunochemical screening applied on autoanalyzers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of Mg Metal for Safe Formation of Grignard Reagents on Plant Scale (2002)

A general and reliable method for the activation of magnesium metal for the formation of various kinds of Grignard reagents has been developed. Utilizing diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAH) for the activation of the surface and drying of the reaction mixture the initiation of the Grignard reagent formation can be performed at or below 20 °C for aryl Grignard reagents. For alkyl bromides it is possible to activate the magnesium turnings at even lower temperatures. As the temperature is well below the boiling point of THF, it is possible to detect the initiation of the reaction through the temperature rise. The initiation method was found to be reliable also under very diluted reaction conditions as long as the reaction mixture was stirred. We have also shown that with this method it is possible to manufacture Grignard reagents well below the boiling point of THF.
A distortion control technique for achieving high power efficiency in an HPA array (2002)

This paper proposes a new technique for reducing the intermodulation (IM) distortion products in a high-power amplifier (HPA) array. The proposed technique dissolves the relations between carriers and IMs by applying IM phase control. As a result, IMs are distributed to all the output ports in the array, and the carrier power to intermodulation power ratio (C/IM) of the HPA array can be increased. The improvement in CI/M is as high as 10log N dB, where N is the number of HPAs. Newly developed even-order distortion implemented intermodulation distortion controllers (EODICs) are used to achieve the IM phase control. A test carried out using a four-parallel HPA array with EODICs confirms that the technique noticeably improves C/IM and demonstrates its validity.
Weight distribution and performance of the iterated product of single-parity-check codes (2002)

We consider the iterated product of single-parity-check (SPC) codes. We show that their weight distribution asymptotically approaches that of random coding if the smallest code length in the product approaches infinity. According to a specific criterion, the best choice consists of taking all SPC codes of equal length. Estimates of the weight distribution obtained by simulation show that even moderately long codes have a weight distribution close to that obtained in the average by random coding. We also discuss decoding of these codes by iterated replication decoding and report results of its simulation.
Improved Inequalities for the Poisson and Binomial Distribution and Upper Tail Quantile Functions (2013)

The exact evaluation of the Poisson and Binomial cumulative distribution and inverse (quantile) functions may be too challenging or unnecessary for some applications, and simpler solutions (typically obtained by applying Normal approximations or exponential inequalities) may be desired in some situations. Although Normal distribution approximations are easy to apply and potentially very accurate, error signs are typically unknown; error signs are typically known for exponential inequalities at the expense of some pessimism. In this paper, recent work describing universal inequalities relating the Normal and Binomial distribution functions is extended to cover the Poisson distribution function; new quantile function inequalities are then obtained for both distributions. Exponential bounds—which improve upon the Chernoff-Hoeffding inequalities by a factor of at least two—are also obtained for both distributions.
Predicting grain protein content in wheat using hyperspectral sensing of in-season crop canopies and partial least squares regression (2006)

[Abstract]: The ability to estimate and map grain protein in cereal crops prior to harvest can benefit Australian grain growers. Segregation of grain by protein content can take advantage of price premiums, as well as to retrospectively assess the effectiveness of nutrient application strategies. This paper explores the relationships between hyperspectral data and grain protein content (GPC) in wheat (Triticum aestivum), with a view of developing predictive regression models. Canopy-scale, ground-based measurements of hyperspectral reflectance were obtained from samples located in the Formatin district of the Darling Downs, Queensland, Australia. Using partial least squares (PLS) regression, we investigated if the raw reflectance spectra, transformed data, and spectral vegetation indices (SVIs) could adequately predict grain protein content. The results showed that there are high correlations (e.g. r2=0.86, r2=0.81, r2=0.80) between reflectance data and grain protein. Cross-validated and tested PLS regression models produced low root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values (e.g. 0.5 percent GPC) and high prediction accuracy (e.g. 92%), confirming the usefulness of narrow-band spectral data. Bands in the near infrared (NIR) region were the most significant variables in the prediction. Despite the slightly higher correlation coefficients of SVIs, their predictive power for grain protein estimation was generally comparable with those of the raw spectra when analysed using PLS regression.
Lipoic acid increases glucose uptake by skeletal muscles of obese‐diabetic <i>ob/ob</i> mice (2002)

The results suggest that alpha-lipoic acid can increase glucose uptake by a range of normal muscle types and improve the response to insulin by insulin-resistant skeletal muscles of ob/ob mice.
SAVI for Mixed Address Assignment Methods Scenario (2011)

This document specifies the procedure a SAVI device resolves conflict
from multiple co-existing SAVI solutions.