gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart Antennas Control Circuits for Automotive Communications (2012)

Abstract. This paper presents two architectures allowing to perform beam steering and beam forming by controlling the relative amplitudes and phases of the signals applied on each element of a linear antenna array. The first one is based on the use of an array of coupled oscillators operating at
1A1-D14 A Method to Determine Likelihood Distribution based on the Shape of Scan Points in Localization with Scan Matching (2009)

This paper presents a new method to determine likelihood distribution in localization with scan matching. In our approach, the likelihood distribution is represented as gaussian distribution. The proposed method utilizes tangent directions of scan points in order to determine the gaussian parameters. This method is capable of evaluating geometric features with scan points. Advantages of this method are determining appropriate likelihood distribution for geometric features, and low calculation cost.
My malpractice case was literally a trial by fire. (2001)

A lawsuit was bad enough. A sorehead with a Molotov cocktail was what made the author's malpractice trial really memorable--and this article the runner-up in our Doctors' Writing Contest.
Effects of chebulinic acid on differentiation of human leukemia K562 cells. (2004)

Chebulinic acid had inhibitory effect on erythroid differentiation likely through changing transcriptional activation of differentiation relative genes, which suggests that chebulinic acid or other tannins might influence the efficiency of some anti-tumor drugs-induced differentiation or the hematopoiesis processes.
3D simulation of the electrical activity patterns in the ischemic heart (2003)

A 3D simulation of the electrical activation map of the acute and chronic ischemic left ventricle (LV) is presented. The myocardial activation time maps and the signal propagation trajectories are determined by stipulating that the activation signals always propagate along the fastest possible trajectories. The high degree of nonhomogeneity of the physiological and electrophysiological tissue properties associated with the pathological ischemic LV is accounted for. The basic parameters are geometry and structure of the LV structural parameters on the macro level, distribution of the conduction speeds and refractory periods, effect of ischemia on the Purkinje and conduction networks, and details of ectopic activity. Ventricular tachycardia, reentrant circuits, and wave fractionation are detected when ectopic activity occurs at certain combinations of physiological parameters, demonstrating the potential of this 3-D simulation to determine the conditions responsible for the formation of arrhythmias.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sustainable carbon sources for microbial organic acid production with filamentous fungi (2017)

We showed in this study that the range of convertible sugars for <i>A. oryzae</i> is even higher than known before. We approved the suitability of fiber/cellulose hydrolysate obtained from the organosolv process as carbon source for <i>A. oryzae</i> in shake flasks as well as in a small-scale bioreactor. The more challenging hemicellulose fraction of <i>F. sylvatica</i> was also positively evaluated for malic acid production with <i>A. oryzae</i>.
Walras' Law in Overlapping Generations Economies (1997)

Aiyagari (1992) shows that equilibria are nonoptimal for an overlapping generations economy if and only if Walras’ Law fails. We demonstrate that this failure represents an earnings opportunity exploitable by unsecured debt issue. When unsecured debt is issued, Walras’ Law holds.
Amyloid deposition in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex: Quantitative analysis of a transgenic mouse model (2003)

Various transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been developed that overexpress mutant forms of amyloid precursor protein in an effort to elucidate more fully the potential role of beta-amyloid (A beta) in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. The present study represents the first complete 3D reconstruction of A beta in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of PDAPP transgenic mice. A beta deposits were detected by immunostaining and thioflavin fluorescence, and quantified by using high-throughput digital image acquisition and analysis. Quantitative analysis of amyloid load in hippocampal subfields showed a dramatic increase between 12 and 15 months of age, with little or no earlier detectable deposition. Three-dimensional reconstruction in the oldest brains visualized previously unrecognized sheets of A beta coursing through the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In contrast with previous hypotheses, compact plaques form before significant deposition of diffuse A beta, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the deposition of diffuse amyloid and the aggregation into plaques. The dentate gyrus was the hippocampal subfield with the greatest amyloid burden. Sublaminar distribution of A beta in the dentate gyrus correlated most closely with the termination of afferent projections from the lateral entorhinal cortex, mirroring the selective vulnerability of this circuit in human AD. This detailed temporal and spatial analysis of A beta and compact amyloid deposition suggests that specific corticocortical circuits express selective, but late, vulnerability to the pathognomonic markers of amyloid deposition, and can provide a basis for detecting prior vulnerability factors.
A wheat ABC transporter contributes to both grain formation and mycotoxin tolerance (2015)

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) acts as a disease virulence factor for Fusarium fungi, and tolerance of DON enhances wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease. Two variants of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family C transporter gene were cloned from DON-treated wheat mRNA, namely TaABCC3.1 and TaABCC3.2. These represent two of three putative genes identified on chromosomes 3A, 3B, and 3D of the wheat genome sequence. Variant TaABCC3.1 represents the DON-responsive transcript previously associated with DON resistance in wheat. PCR-based mapping and in silico sequence analyses located TaABCC3.1 to the short arm of wheat chromosome 3B (not within the FHB resistance quantitative trait locus Fhb1). In silico analyses of microarray data indicated that TaABCC3 genes are expressed in reproductive tissue and roots, and in response to the DON producer Fusarium graminearum. Gene expression studies showed that TaABCC3.1 is activated as part of the early host response to DON and in response to the FHB defence hormone jasmonic acid. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) confirmed that TaABCC3 genes contributed to DON tolerance. VIGS was performed using two independent viral construct applications: one specifically targeted TaABCC3.1 for silencing, while the other targeted this gene and the chromosome 3A homeologue. In both instances, VIGS resulted in more toxin-induced discoloration of spikelets, compared with the DON effects in non-silenced spikelets at 14 d after toxin treatment (≥2.2-fold increase, P<0.05). Silencing by both VIGS constructs enhanced head ripening, and especially so in DON-treated heads. VIGS of TaABCC3 genes also reduced the grain number by more than 28% (P<0.05), both with and without DON treatment, and the effects were greater for the construct that targeted the two homeologues. Hence, DON-responsive TaABCC3 genes warrant further study to determine their potential as disease resistance breeding targets and their function in grain formation and ripening.
Solution conformation of human neuropeptide Y by <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance and restrained molecular dynamics (1992)

The solution structure of human neuropeptide Y has been solved by conventional two-dimensional NMR techniques followed by distance-geometry and molecular-dynamics methods. The conformation obtained is composed of two short contiguous alpha-helices comprising residues 15-26 and 28-35, linked by a hinge inducing a 100 degree angle. The first helix (15-26) is connected to a polyproline stretch (residues 1-10) by a tight hairpin (residues 11-14). The helices and the polyproline stretch are packed together by hydrophobic interactions. This structure is related to that of the homologous avian pancreatic polypeptide and bovine pancreatic polypeptide. The C- and N-terminii, known to be involved in the biological activity for respectively the receptor binding and activation, are close together in space. The side chains of residues Arg33, Arg35 and Tyr36 on the one hand, and Tyr1 and Pro2 on the other, form a continuous solvent-exposed surface of 4.9 mm2 which is supposed to interact with the receptor for neuropeptide Y.
Non-planar target for multi-camera network calibration (2009)

Rapid calibration of multi-camera systems using planar targets is typically impractical. Here we report a non-planar target for rapid calibration of inward-looking visual sensor networks (VSNs), designed using a novel VSN simulator and verified experimentally. The target consists of a large central sphere, surrounded by several smaller, rigidly mounted spheres. Rotation about an axis through the center of this sphere changes the location of the outer spheres, while keeping a fixed reference point in the center to permit extrinsic parameter extraction. Using the simulation, different target configurations are tested for field-of-view (FOV) coverage for each camera. Experimental results using a constructed operational prototype are consistent with traditional planar target calibrations, but require only a single view of the target to extract the intrinsic parameters.
Short-step syntheses of homodolicholide and homodolichosterone. (1984)

Short-step syntheses of homodolicholide 1 and homodolichosterone 2 are described. An (E)- geometry of their C (24)=C (28) double bond was established. Transformation reactions of the epoxyring were applied to the syntheses, as wasdone in our syntheses of brassinolide and its related compounds.
<title>Control Loop Sensor For An Optical Synthetic Aperture</title> (1984)

The Research and Development Laboratory at BDM Albuquerque, in cooperation with and for the Air Force Weapons Laboratory has designed and developed an optical phase measurement instrument capable of providing a phase error signal with a resolution of 3 nm at an update rate of 1 kHz. This phase error measurement of better than 1/160th of a wave detects the optical path difference (OPD) between two laser beams operating in the 0.5 micron region. The error measurement is used to translate mirrors which adjust the OPD to maintain phase coherence between the beams. By using several mirrors, each corrected to a reference, a large aperture can be synthesized. The 1 kHz update rate provides a high speed control signal for closing the mirror control loop. The design is part of a proof-of-concept program which will identify the feasibility of using feedback control techniques to simulate a large optical aperture with multiple small apertures.
The Theory and Application of a New Method of Detecting Chromosomal Rearrangements in Drosophila melanogaster (1954)

A new type of position effect called the "trans-vection effect" permits rapid and highly efficient detection of chromosomal rearrangements in the first generation following an induction treatment. Several unique features are involved: (1) the position effect extends over vastly greater distances than heretofore demonstrated (over 500 discs of the salivary gland chromosomes); (2) wholly euchromatic as well as euchromatic-heterochromatic rearrangements are efficiently detected; and (3) the position effect is detectable only in a double heterozygote between pseudoallelic mutant genes, the arrangement of which must be of the trans-type (a +/+ b). Interference in somatic pairing exerted by structural heterozygosity is postulated to reduce the transport of an essential gene product from one chromosome of this heterozygote to the other. By the use of this new method fast (pile) neutrons have been found to be more effective than X-rays or gamma rays in producing rearrangements in Drosophila, and estimates of the dose of fast neutrons at different stations during a nuclear detonation have been derived.
GPS: primary tool for time transfer (1999)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is not only a navigation system, it is also a time-transfer system. As a time-transfer system it provides stability very close to one part in ten to the fourteenth over one day (1 ns/day). After a brief introduction to timekeeping terms, this paper reviews the role of GPS in time distribution and clock synchronization. The GPS coarse acquisition (C/A)-code single-frequency single-channel (one satellite) common-view (CV) time transfer is then discussed. Special consideration is given to progress in GPS C/A-code CV time and frequency transfer through the use of "all-in-view" multichannel receivers. This technique increases the number of daily observations by a factor of ten relative to conventional single-channel receivers and results in an improvement in time and frequency transfer stability by a factor of about three. Other important improvements discussed are the use of GPS carrier phase measurements and temperature-stabilized antennas. The latter reduce the daily and seasonal delay variations of GPS time-receiving equipment. The use of GLONASS as a complementary tool to GPS time transfer is also be reported. These improvements indicate that GPS, as a time-transfer system, should provide the capability to reach a stability of one part in ten to the sixteenth over one day (10 ps/day).
Ligand binding strategies of human serum albumin: How can the cargo be utilized? (2009)

Human serum albumin (HSA), being the most abundant carrier protein in blood and a modern day clinical tool for drug delivery, attracts high attention among biologists. Hence, its unfolding/refolding strategies and exogenous/endogenous ligand binding preference are of immense use in therapeutics and clinical biochemistry. Among its fellow proteins albumin is known to carry almost every small molecule. Thus, it is a potential contender for being a molecular cargo/or nanovehicle for clinical, biophysical and industrial purposes. Nonetheless, its structure and function are largely regulated by various chemical and physical factors to accommodate HSA to its functional purpose. This multifunctional protein also possesses enzymatic properties which may be used to convert prodrugs to active therapeutics. This review aims to highlight current overview on the binding strategies of protein to various ligands that may be expected to lead to significant clinical applications.
U.S. PETROLEUM COKE PRODUCTION EXPECTED TO INCREASE (1997)

Production of petroleum coke in the U.S. is expected to continue to increase in the coming years. In the U.S., refiners are processing lower quality crudes than in the past. Lower gravity and higher sulfur content crudes prompt more coke production. In the U.S. and other countries, the increased demand for transportation fuels will result in additional refining coking facilities. Any additional petroleum coke produced should be fuel-grade coke (also called green coke) since the markets for calcined grade and premium grade cokes are limited. Fuel-grade coke comes directly from the coking drums. It is a low-cost energy source for some utilities and industries. Calcined coke is low sulfur fuel-grade coke that has been through calciners. It is used to produce anodes.
Regulation of the low density lipoprotein receptor and hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase genes by protein kinase C and a putative negative regulatory protein. (1989)

Transcription of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase genes was rapidly and transiently induced (8.5- and 2.3-fold, respectively) early during phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced macrophage differentiation of the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. The levels of mRNA coding for LDL-R and HMG-CoA reductase increased soon after induction, reached a maximum (12- and 7-fold increase, respectively) in 2-3 hr, and then rapidly returned to the low constitutive levels observed before induction. The stability of LDL-R mRNA did not change significantly during differentiation, whereas that of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA decreased by about 5-fold 6 hr after the addition of PMA. Transcriptional induction of both LDL-R and HMG-CoA reductase genes (5.6- and 2-fold, respectively) was also observed when undifferentiated cells were treated with cycloheximide (CHX), resulting in a transient increase in steady-state mRNA (7- and 3-fold, respectively). These results suggest that expression of the two genes is maintained at low constitutive levels in uninduced THP-1 cells by a protein with a short half-life. Superinduction of both genes occurred when PMA and CHX were added simultaneously. The induction of LDL-R and HMG-CoA reductase mRNAs during early macrophage differentiation is mediated by protein kinase C. It is hypothesized that protein kinase C acts directly or indirectly to inactivate the labile negative regulatory protein. Induction of LDL-R mRNA was also observed when the human hepatocarcinoma cell line Hep G2 was treated with PMA and CHX, suggesting that this mechanism of regulation may exist in several cell types.
426. Experiments towards the synthesis of corrins. Part V. Base-catalysed aldol-type reactions of Δ<sup>1</sup>-pyrroline 1-oxides (1959)

R. F. C. Brown, V. M. Clark, I. O. Southerland and A. Todd, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 2109 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590002109
Synthesis and Applications of Compartmentalised Molecular Polymer Brushes (2018)

Polymer science is rapidly advancing towards the precise construction of synthetic macromolecules of formidable complexity. Beyond the impressive advances in control over polymer composition and uniformity enabled by the living polymerisation revolution, the introduction of compartmentalisation within polymer architectures can elevate their functionality beyond that of their constituent parts, thus offering immense potential for the production of tailor-made nanomaterials. In this Minireview, we discuss synthetic routes to complex molecular brushes with discrete chemical compartments and highlight their potential in the development of advanced materials with applications in nanofabrication, optics and functional materials.
Pyocyanin Alters Redox Homeostasis and Carbon Flux through Central Metabolic Pathways in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PA14 (2007)

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces colorful, redox-active antibiotics called phenazines. Excretion of pyocyanin, the best-studied natural phenazine, is responsible for the bluish tint of sputum and pus associated with P. aeruginosa infections in humans. Although the toxicity of pyocyanin for other bacteria, as well as its role in eukaryotic infection, has been studied extensively, the physiological relevance of pyocyanin metabolism for the producing organism is not well understood. Pyocyanin reduction by P. aeruginosa PA14 is readily observed in standing liquid cultures that have consumed all of the oxygen in the medium. We investigated the physiological consequences of pyocyanin reduction by assaying intracellular concentrations of NADH and NAD+ in the wild-type strain and a mutant defective in phenazine production. We found that the mutant accumulated more NADH in stationary phase than the wild type. This increased accumulation correlated with a decrease in oxygen availability and was relieved by the addition of nitrate. Pyocyanin addition to a phenazine-null mutant also decreased intracellular NADH levels, suggesting that pyocyanin reduction facilitates redox balancing in the absence of other electron acceptors. Analysis of extracellular organic acids revealed that pyocyanin stimulated stationary-phase pyruvate excretion in P. aeruginosa PA14, indicating that pyocyanin may also influence the intracellular redox state by decreasing carbon flux through central metabolic pathways.
Domain structure of human plasma fibronectin. Differences and similarities between human and hamster fibronectins. (1983)

This research was originally published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi and Sen-itiroh Hakomori. Domain structure of human plasma fibronectin : Differences and similarities between human and hamster fibronectins. J. Biol. Chem. 1983; 258: 3967-3973 © the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Retroviral Vector-Mediated Transduction of K- <i>ras</i> Antisense RNA into Human Lung Cancer Cells Inhibits Expression of the Malignant Phenotype (1993)

A retroviral vector system was developed to transduce a K-ras antisense construct efficiently into human cancer cells. A 2-kb fragment of K-ras gene DNA in antisense orientation was linked to a beta-actin promoter and inserted into retroviral vector LNSX in two different orientations. The constructs were transfected into amphotropic packaging cell line GP+envAm12 followed by alternating transduction between the ecotropic packaging cell line psi-2 and GP+envAm12. Titers up to 9.7 x 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml were achieved without detectable replication-competent virus. The human large cell lung carcinoma cell line H460a, which has a homozygous codon 61 K-ras mutation, was transduced with an efficiency of 95% after five to seven repeated transductions. DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genomic DNA Southern blot analysis showed that the retroviral construct was integrated into the genome of H460a cells. K-ras antisense RNA expression was detected in the cells by Northern analysis, slot blot hybridization, and reverse transcriptase-PCR. Translation of the mutated K-ras p21 protein RNA was specifically inhibited, whereas expression of other p21 species was unchanged. Proliferation of H460a cells was suppressed 10-fold following transduction by the antisense construct. Colony formation in soft agarose and tumorigenicity in an orthotopic lung cancer model in nu/nu mice were dramatically reduced in H460a cells expressing antisense K-ras. We conclude that an antisense construct for K-ras can be expressed effectively in a retroviral vector that can efficiently transduce human cancer cells.
Restaurant Customer Loyalty: A Qualitative Assessment of Niche Brands (2006)

Using the Loyalty Triangle framework developed by Lewis and Shoemaker (1999) and focus group methodology, the study examined how a niche brand restaurant best achieved long-term loyalty. Results indicate that customers are loyal to a niche brand because of the unique characteristics inherent to the brand. Customers have higher perceptions of such qualities as the presentation of service, consistency of product, and the benefits offered by the loyalty program than characteristics that are shared across all brands. Niche brand restaurants can be more effective in developing these qualities to promote customer loyalty.
PLACENTAL PROTEIN HORMONES IN PREGNANCY (1973)

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Progressive compression of 3D triangular meshes using topology-based Karhunen-Lo&#x00E8;ve transform (2010)

In this work, we propose a progressive compression algorithm using topology-based Karhunen-Loeve transform(KLT). First, we simplify an input mesh to represents an original mesh in several level of details. Then, coordinates of decimated vertices at each level are predicted from the coarser level mesh, and the prediction residuals are transmitted to a decoder. To provide high coding efficiency, we apply the topology-based KLT, which compacts the energy into a few coefficients, to the prediction residuals. Moreover, we develop a bit plane coder, which uses a context-adaptive arithmetic coder, for the entropy coding. Experiments on various 3D meshes show that the proposed algorithm provides enhanced compression performance.