gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of interface technology in nonlinear analysis of a stitched/RFI composite wing stub box (1997)

A recently developed interface technology was successfully employed in the geometrically nonlinear analysis of a full-scale stitched/RFI composite wing box loaded in bending. The technology allows mismatched finite element models to be joined in a variationally consistent manner and reduces the modeling complexity by eliminating transition meshing. In the analysis, local finite element models of nonlinearly deformed wide bays of the wing box are refined without the need for transition meshing to the surrounding coarse mesh. The COMET-AR finite element code, which has the interface technology capability, was used to perform the analyses. The COMET-AR analysis is compared to both a NASTRAN analysis and to experimental data. The interface technology solution is shown to be in good agreement with both. The viability of interface technology for coupled global/local analysis of large scale aircraft structures is demonstrated.
Process of desalination of low energy consumption and high compatibility with the use of renewable energies (2009)

This document shows the theoretical justification of a new process of desalination with lower energy consumption than reverse osmosis and with a high compatibility for its use with the renewable energies.
Continuous robot control using surface electromyography of atrophic muscles (2013)

The development of new, light robotic systems has opened up a wealth of human-robot interaction applications. In particular, the use of robot manipulators as personal assistant for the disabled is realistic and affordable, but still requires research as to the brain-computer interface. Based on our previous work with tetraplegic individuals, we investigate the use of low-cost yet stable surface Electromyography (sEMG) interfaces for individuals with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), a disease leading to the death of neuronal cells in the anterior horn of the spinal cord; with sEMG, we can record remaining active muscle fibers. We show the ability of two individuals with SMA to actively control a robot in 3.5D continuously decoded through sEMG after a few minutes of training, allowing them to regain some independence in daily life. Although movement is not nearly as fast as natural, unimpaired movement, reach and grasp success rates are near 100% after 50s of movement.
Halogen cations (1962)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Cells (2008)

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-np) are being used increasingly in wound dressings, catheters, and various household products due to their antimicrobial activity. The toxicity of starch-coated silver nanoparticles was studied using normal human lung fibroblast cells (IMR-90) and human glioblastoma cells (U251). The toxicity was evaluated using changes in cell morphology, cell viability, metabolic activity, and oxidative stress. Ag-np reduced ATP content of the cell caused damage to mitochondria and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner. DNA damage, as measured by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN), was also dose-dependent and more prominent in the cancer cells. The nanoparticle treatment caused cell cycle arrest in G(2)/M phase possibly due to repair of damaged DNA. Annexin-V propidium iodide (PI) staining showed no massive apoptosis or necrosis. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis indicated the presence of Ag-np inside the mitochondria and nucleus, implicating their direct involvement in the mitochondrial toxicity and DNA damage. A possible mechanism of toxicity is proposed which involves disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by Ag-np leading to production of ROS and interruption of ATP synthesis, which in turn cause DNA damage. It is anticipated that DNA damage is augmented by deposition, followed by interactions of Ag-np to the DNA leading to cell cycle arrest in the G(2)/M phase. The higher sensitivity of U251 cells and their arrest in G(2)/M phase could be explored further for evaluating the potential use of Ag-np in cancer therapy.
Optimization of corona-discharge photoionization sources for CO2 lasers (1983)

The results of an experimental study of ultraviolet photoionization produced by a corona discharge in CO2 laser gases are reported. The influence of corona discharge physical and electrical parameters on the produced photoelectron density is investigated so that an optimized design of these types of photoionization sources can be achieved.
Large-scale boiling experiments of the flooded cavity concept for in-vessel core retention (1994)

This paper presents results of ex-vessel boiling experiments performed in the CYBL (CYlindrical BoiLing) facility. CYBL is a reactor-scale facility for confirmatory research of the flooded cavity concept for accident management. CYBL has a tank-within-a-tank design; the inner tank simulates the reactor vessel and the outer tank simulates the reactor cavity. Experiments with uniform and edge-peaked heat flux distributions up to 20 W/cm{sup 2} across the vessel bottom were performed. Boiling outside the reactor vessel was found to be subcooled nucleate boiling. The subcooling is mainly due to the gravity head which results from flooding the sides of the reactor vessel. The boiling process exhibits a cyclic pattern with four distinct phases: direct liquid/solid contact, bubble nucleation and growth, coalescence, and vapor mass dispersion (ejection). The results suggest that under prototypic heat load and heat flux distributions, the flooded cavity in a passive pressurized water reactor like the AP-600 should be capable of cooling the reactor pressure vessel in the central region of the lower head that is addressed by these tests.
A generalized learning paradigm exploiting the structure of feedforward neural networks (1996)

In this paper a general class of fast learning algorithms for feedforward neural networks is introduced and described. The approach exploits the separability of each layer into linear and nonlinear blocks and consists of two steps. The first step is the descent of the error functional in the space of the outputs of the linear blocks (descent in the neuron space), which can be performed using any preferred optimization strategy. In the second step, each linear block is optimized separately by using a least squares (LS) criterion. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the new approach, a detailed treatment of a gradient descent in the neuron space is conducted. The main properties of this approach are the higher speed of convergence with respect to methods that employ an ordinary gradient descent in the weight space backpropagation (BP), better numerical conditioning, and lower computational cost compared to techniques based on the Hessian matrix. The numerical stability is assured by the use of robust LS linear system solvers, operating directly on the input data of each layer. Experimental results obtained in three problems are described, which confirm the effectiveness of the new method.
Few-mode fiber, splice and SDM component characterization by spatially-diverse optical vector network analysis (2017)

This paper discusses spatially diverse optical vector network analysis for space division multiplexing (SDM) component and system characterization, which is becoming essential as SDM is widely considered to increase the capacity of optical communication systems. Characterization of a 108-channel photonic lantern spatial multiplexer, coupled to a 36-core 3-mode fiber, is experimentally demonstrated, extracting the full impulse response and complex transfer function matrices as well as insertion loss (IL) and mode-dependent loss (MDL) data. Moreover, the mode-mixing behavior of fiber splices in the few-mode multi-core fiber and their impact on system IL and MDL are analyzed, finding splices to cause significant mode-mixing and to be non-negligible in system capacity analysis.
Making it personal (2003)

This paper examines the considerations for presenting customized and personalized information within an online documentation library. It discusses what techniques are practical for such a library, within the constraints of delivery technology and user behavior. It illustrates techniques for implementing such features, and discusses lessons learned from using these features in a real product library.
Devlopement of a Radiation Hard N-Channel Power MOSFET (1983)

Radiation-hard N-channel power MOSFETs have been manufactured using a "reverse sequence" silicon gate process in which drive-ins and anneals are completed before gate oxidation to minimise subsequent high temperature treatments. Results with initial runs in which a number of process steps were varied confirm that gate threshold shift is affected not only by gate oxidation conditions, but by subsequent steps such as flowglass densification and aluminium deposition. It has become apparent that degradation of transconductance with ionizing radiation is another process-dependent factor of major significance in power MOSFETs.
Measuring and Imaging in Tissue Using Near-IR Light (1992)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text DAVID A. BENARON, "Measuring and Imaging in Tissue Using Near-IR Light," Optics & Photonics News 3(10), 27-31 (1992) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
In Vivo Increase in Resistance to Ciprofloxacin in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Associated with Deletion of the C-Terminal Part of MarR (2000)

We recovered two isolates (EP1 and EP2) of Escherichia coli from the same patient that had identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns but required different MICs of ciprofloxacin (CIP): 16 and 256 mg/liter for EP1 and EP2, respectively. Both isolates had mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of GyrA (Ser83Leu and Asp87Tyr) and ParC (Ser80Ile), but not in those regions of GyrB or ParE. Isolate EP2 was also more resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, cefuroxime, and organic solvents. A deletion of adenine (A) 1821 was found in marR of isolate EP2, which resulted in an 18-amino-acid C-terminal deletion in the MarR protein. The causative relationship between DeltaA1821 and the Mar phenotype was demonstrated both by the replacement of the wild-type marR by marR DeltaA1821 in isolate EP1 and by complementation with the wild-type marR in trans in isolate EP2. In isolate EP2 complemented with wild-type marR, susceptibility to chloramphenicol was restored completely, whereas susceptibility to CIP was restored only incompletely. Northern blotting demonstrated increased expression of marA and acrAB but not of soxS in isolate EP2 compared to EP1. In conclusion, the deletion of A1821 in marR in the clinical isolate EP2 caused an increase in the MICs of CIP and unrelated antibiotics. Presumably, the C-terminal part of MarR is necessary for proper repressor function.
Single molecule-level detection and long read-based phasing of epigenetic variations in bacterial methylomes (2015)

Abstract Beyond its role in host defense, bacterial DNA methylation also plays important roles in the regulation of gene expression, virulence and antibiotic resistance. Bacterial cells in a clonal population can generate epigenetic heterogeneity to increase population-level phenotypic plasticity. Single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing enables the detection of N6-methyladenine and N4-methylcytosine, two major types of DNA modifications comprising the bacterial methylome. However, existing SMRT sequencing-based methods for studying bacterial methylomes rely on a population-level consensus that lacks the single-cell resolution required to observe epigenetic heterogeneity. Here, we present SMALR (single-molecule modification analysis of long reads), a novel framework for single molecule-level detection and phasing of DNA methylation. Using seven bacterial strains, we show that SMALR yields significantly improved resolution and reveals distinct types of epigenetic heterogeneity. SMALR is a powerful new tool that enables de novo detection of epigenetic heterogeneity and empowers investigation of its functions in bacterial populations.
Animal Models of Glaucoma (2012)

Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of disorders that progressively lead to blindness due to loss of retinal ganglion cells and damage to the optic nerve. It is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. Although research in the field of glaucoma is substantial, the pathophysiologic mechanisms causing the disease are not completely understood. A wide variety of animal models have been used to study glaucoma. These include monkeys, dogs, cats, rodents, and several other species. Although these models have provided valuable information about the disease, there is still no ideal model for studying glaucoma due to its complexity. In this paper we present a summary of most of the animal models that have been developed and used for the study of the different types of glaucoma, the strengths and limitations associated with each species use, and some potential criteria to develop a suitable model.
Teleoperated and automatic nanomanipulation systems using atomic force microscope probes (2004)

Nanomanipulation as a new emerging area enables to change, interact and control the nanoscale phenomenon precisely. In this paper, teleoperated and automatic control strategies for atomic force microscope (AFM) probe based nanomanipulation applications are introduced. Teleoperated touching to silicon surfaces at the nanoscale is realized using a scaled bilateral force-reflecting servo type teleoperation control with custom-made 1 d.o.f. haptic device and AFM system. 1-D nanoforce sensing on the operator's finger is achieved during vertical or horizontal motion of the AFM probe tip on surfaces. Then, automatic constant height and force control strategies are introduced for pushing nanoparticles and indenting soft, surfaces. 14 nm radius gold nanoparticles are successfully positioned with few nanometers resolution, and wax surface is indented with a conical AFM tip. Finally, major nanoscale control challenges are reported.
Role of the PAS Domain in Regulation of Dimerization and DNA Binding Specificity of the Dioxin Receptor (1998)

The dioxin receptor is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that mediates signal transduction by dioxin and related environmental pollutants. The receptor belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) family of factors, which, in addition to the bHLH motif, contain a PAS region of homology. Upon activation, the dioxin receptor dimerizes with the bHLH-PAS factor Arnt, enabling the receptor to recognize xenobiotic response elements in the vicinity of target genes. We have studied the role of the PAS domain in dimerization and DNA binding specificity of the dioxin receptor and Arnt by monitoring the abilities of the individual bHLH domains and different bHLH-PAS fragments to dimerize and bind DNA in vitro and recognize target genes in vivo. The minimal bHLH domain of the dioxin receptor formed homodimeric complexes, heterodimerized with full-length Arnt, and together with Arnt was sufficient for recognition of target DNA in vitro and in vivo. In a similar fashion, only the bHLH domain of Arnt was necessary for DNA binding specificity in the presence of the dioxin receptor bHLH domain. Moreover, the bHLH domain of the dioxin receptor displayed a broad dimerization potential, as manifested by complex formation with, e.g. , the unrelated bHLH-Zip transcription factor USF. In contrast, a construct spanning the dioxin receptor bHLH domain and an N-terminal portion of the PAS domain failed to form homodimers and was capable of dimerizing only with Arnt. Thus, the PAS domain is essential to confer dimerization specificity of the dioxin receptor.
Dual-polarization beam forming networks based on high order directional couplers (2017)

A Ka-band dual-polarization 3 dB directional coupler is designed for Beam Forming Network applications. The proposed solution is particularly suited for compact Nolen networks. Nolen architecture is attractive because it is planar and lossless. Two parallel square waveguides are coupled through an array of apertures, designed to get the desired coupling and high isolation between the two orthogonal polarizations.
Generation of somatic cell hybrids capable of proliferating and secreting human monoclonal antibody without any growth factor supplements (1993)

A novel cell line called Trioma, which can proliferate and secrete a human monoclonal antibody in the basal medium, was established. Trioma was generated by somatic cell hybridization with human x human hybridoma and A431c, which is a cell line able to grow autonomously in the basal medium. A Trioma called TriH8 has been kept growing in the DMEM/F-12 medium for over 1 year and stably producing stomach cancer-reactive human IgM into culture medium at 10 micrograms/ml. TriH8 has a characteristic cytological phenotype, that is, to diminish cell growth in the presence of epidermal growth factor.
On the upper cutoff frequency of the auditory critical-band envelope detectors in the context of speech perception (2001)

Studies in neurophysiology and in psychophysics provide evidence for the existence of temporal integration mechanisms in the auditory system. These auditory mechanisms may be viewed as "detectors," parametrized by their cutoff frequencies. There is an interest in quantifying those cutoff frequencies by direct psychophysical measurement, in particular for tasks that are related to speech perception. In this study, the inherent difficulties in synthesizing speech signals with prescribed temporal envelope bandwidth at the output of the listener's cochlea have been identified. In order to circumvent these difficulties, a dichotic synthesis technique is suggested with interleaving critical-band envelopes. This technique is capable of producing signals which generate cochlear temporal envelopes with prescribed bandwidth. Moreover, for unsmoothed envelopes, the synthetic signal is perceptually indistinguishable from the original. With this technique established, psychophysical experiments have been conducted to quantify the upper cutoff frequency of the auditory critical-band envelope detectors at threshold, using high-quality, wideband speech signals (bandwidth of 7 kHz) as test stimuli. These experiments show that in order to preserve speech quality (i.e., for inaudible distortions), the minimum bandwidth of the envelope information for a given auditory channel is considerably smaller than a critical-band bandwidth (roughly one-half of one critical band). Difficulties encountered in using the dichotic synthesis technique to measure the cutoff frequencies relevant to intelligibility of speech signals with fair quality levels (e.g., above MOS level 3) are also discussed.
Characterization of Hydrolysis and Transglycosylation by Testicular Hyaluronidase Using Ion-Spray Mass Spectrometry (1994)

Various oligosaccharides from hyaluronic acid, which were fluorescence-labeled and blocked by pyridylamination at the reducing terminal, were incubated as substrates or acceptors with bovine testicular hyaluronidase. Fluorescence-labeled reaction products in the reaction mixture were monitored selectively and directly by ion-spray mass spectrometry without chemical derivatization. As a result, several features of the relationship between oligosaccharides, substrates, and testicular hyaluronidase were clarified. When hexasaccharides or larger oligosaccharides having D-glucuronic acid at the nonreducing terminal were used as substrates, they were hydrolyzed sequentially to disaccharides from the nonreducing terminal, and these disaccharides were then transferred to other hexasaccharides. On the other hand, when heptasaccharides or larger oligosaccharides having N-acetyl-D-glucosamine at the nonreducing terminal were used as substrates, trisaccharides were released from the nonreducing terminal, and then also transferred to other hexasaccharides, thus forming nonasaccharides. Thus, the relationship between hydrolysis and transglycosylation reactions with testicular hyaluronidase was characterized using ion-spray mass spectrometry.
PIES: An engineer's Do-It-Yourself knowledge system for interpretation of parametric test data (1986)

The Parametric Interpretation Expert System (PIES) is a knowledge system for interpreting the parametric test data collected at the end of complex semiconductor fabrication processes. The system transforms hundreds of measurements into a concise statement of all the overall health of the process and the nature and probable cause of any anomalies. A key feature of PIES is the structure of the knowledge base, which reflects the way fabrication engineers reason causally about semiconductor failures. This structure permits fabrication engineers to do their own knowledge engineering, to build the knowledge base, and then to maintain it to reflect process modifications and operating experience. The approach appears applicable to other process control and diagnosis tasks.
Dynamic Self‐Assembly of the Liquid‐Crystalline Smectic A Phase (2005)

A photoinduced transition in an azobenzene-containing liquid crystal leads to a phase that does not exist in the thermal cycle. The smectic A phase is induced and stabilized only in the presence of UV light, producing fan-shaped focal conic textures typical of the SmA phase, as observed by polarized-light microscopy (see Figure). This dynamic self-assembly is explained by photoinduced nanophase segregation and a frustrated spin-gas model. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2005/c0161_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Double-stranded RNA Genome of Yeast Virus L-A Encodes Its Own Putative RNA Polymerase by Fusing Two Open Reading Frames (1989)

The L-A double-stranded RNA virus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes its major coat protein (80 kDa) and a minor single-stranded RNA binding protein (180 kDa) that has immunological cross-reactivity with the major coat protein. The sequence of L-A cDNA clones revealed two open reading frames (ORF), ORF1 and ORF2. These two reading frames overlap by 130 base pairs and ORF2 is in the -1 reading frame with respect to ORF1. Although the major coat protein of the viral particles is encoded by ORF1, the 180-kDa protein is derived from the entire double-stranded RNA genome by fusing ORF1 and ORF2, probably by a -1 translational frameshift. Within the overlapping region is a sequence similar to that producing a -1 frameshift by "simultaneous slippage" in retroviruses. The coding sequence of ORF2 shows a pattern characteristic of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of icosahedral (+)-strand RNA viruses. Thus, the 180-kDa protein is analogous to gag-pol fusion proteins.