gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autophagy impairment: a crossroad between neurodegeneration and tauopathies (2012)

Most neurodegenerative diseases involve the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the nervous system. Impairment of protein degradation pathways such as autophagy is emerging as a consistent and transversal pathological phenomenon in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's disease. Genetic inactivation of autophagy in mice has demonstrated a key role of the pathway in maintaining protein homeostasis in the brain, triggering massive neuronal loss and the accumulation of abnormal protein inclusions. However, the mechanism underlying neurodegeneration due to autophagy impairment remains elusive. A paper in Molecular Neurodegeneration from Abeliovich's group now suggests a role for phosphorylation of Tau and the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in driving neurodegeneration in autophagy-deficient neurons. We discuss the implications of this study for understanding the factors driving neurofibrillary tangle formation in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies.
Crystallization in Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lactide)-<i>b</i>-poly(ε-caprolactone) Double Crystalline Diblock Copolymers:  A Study Using X-ray Scattering, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and Polarized Optical Microscopy (2004)

The crystallization of well-defined poly(l-lactide)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers, PLLA-b-PCL, was investigated by time-resolved X-ray techniques, polarized optical microscopy (POM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two compositions were studied that contained 44 and 60 wt % poly(l-lactide), PLLA (they are referred to as L4411C5614 and L6012C409, respectively, with the molecular weight of each block in kg/mol as superscript). The copolymers were found to be initially miscible in the melt according to small-angle X-ray scattering measurements (SAXS). Their thermal behavior was also indicative of samples whose crystallization proceeds from a mixed melt. Sequential isothermal crystallization from the melt at 100 °C (for 30 min) and then at 30 °C (for 15 min) was measured. At 100 °C only the PLLA block is capable of crystallization, and its crystallization kinetics was followed by both WAXS and DSC; comparable results were obtained that indicated an instantaneous nucleation with three-dimensional superstructures (Avrami index of approximately 3). The spherulitic nature of the superstructure was confirmed by POM. When the temperature was decreased to 30 °C, the PCL block was able to crystallize within the PLLA negative spherulites (with an Avrami index of 2, as opposed to 3 in homo-PCL), and its crystallization rate was much slower than an equivalent homo-PCL. Time-resolved SAXS experiments in L6012C409 revealed an initial melt mixed morphology at 165 °C that upon cooling transformed into a transient microphase-separated lamellar structure prior to crystallization at 100 °C.
Activation of preexisting T cell clones by targeted interleukin 2 therapy (1998)

The induction of an immunological antitumor response capable of eradicating metastatic tumors is the ultimate goal of immunotherapy. We have recently shown that this can be achieved by interleukin 2 (IL-2) therapy directed to the tumor microenvironment by a recombinant antibody-IL-2 fusion protein. It is not known, however, whether this curative treatment is associated with a predominance of T cells carrying specific T cell receptor variable beta regions (TCRBV) or the presence of clonally expanded T cells. To address this question, we have used a quantitative reverse transcriptase-coupled PCR method to analyze the TCRBV region repertoire in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of treated and untreated animals. As controls the TCRBV region repertoire was analyzed in blood and skin from disease-free animals. The results indicate an overexpression of TCRBV5 in the tumors of all treated mice and an additional overexpression of individual regions in each tumor. Direct sequencing of these TCRBV regions did not reveal any evidence of clonal expansions. However, since clonal expansions could exist as subpopulations in highly expressed regions, not detectable by direct sequencing, a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis assay was used for clonal analysis of TCRBV PCR products. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of selected TCRBV regions revealed the presence of clonotypic T cells in tumors from both treated and untreated animals. These data indicate that targeted IL-2 therapy in this model does not induce clonal T cell responses de novo, rather it acts as an activator for an already existing population of clonotypic T cells.
Quantum computation using decoherence-free states of the physical operator algebra (2000)

The states of the physical algebra, namely the algebra generated by the operators involved in encoding and processing qubits, are considered instead of those of the whole-system algebra. If the physical algebra commutes with the interaction Hamiltonian, and the system Hamiltonian is the sum of arbitrary terms either commuting with or belonging to the physical algebra, then its states are decoherence free. One of the examples considered shows that, for a uniform collective coupling to the environment, the smallest number of physical qubits encoding a decoherence-free logical qubit is reduced from four to three.
The Synthesis and Novel Reactivity of Homo- and Heterodinuclear Fulvalene Metal Carbonyls (1990)

The preparation and reaction chemistry of homodinuclear fulvalene metal carbonyl complexes is described. Their study led to the development of the first controlled approach to heterodinuclear derivatives. Unique reactivity has been observed for these complexes. A second, more efficient synthetic strategy was developed that utilizes a cyclopentadienyl-substituted cyclopentenone as a precursor to fulvalene, allowing for the selective, step-wise complexation of transition metals. 1. Introduction 2. Homodinuclear Fulvalene Metal Carbonyls 2.1. Synthesis from Dihydrofulvalene and Metal Carbonyls 2.2. Properties of Homodinuclear Fulvalene Metal Carbonyls 3. The Thermally Reversible Photoisomerization of FvRu2(CO)6 4. Phosphine-Induced Formation of Organometallic Zwitterions and Stable "Ring-Slipped" Complexes 5. Photoreactivity of FvRuMo(CO)5 6. Synthesis of Heterodinuclear Fulvalene Metal Carbonyls 6.1. Mixed-Metal Systems of Molybdenum and Ruthenium 6.2. Site-Selective Metal Complexation 7. Conclusion
Production of<scp>l</scp>-Leucine by a Mutant of<i>Brevibacterium lactofermentum</i>2256 (1974)

A potent l-leucine producer was screened among mutants of glutamic acid producing bacteria. This strain, No. 218, is one of 2-thiazolealanine resistant mutants derived from a methionine isoleucine double auxotroph of Brevibacterium lactofermentum 2256 by nitroso-guanidine. Strain No. 218 produced 19 mg/ml of l-leucine after 72 hr cultivation when 8 % glucose and 4 % ammonium sulfate were supplied as a carbon and a nitrogen source, respectively, thus giving the yield of 23.1 % from glucose. The addition of Fe2+ and Mn2+ in combination gave much more productivity than that of Fe2+ or Mn2+ alone. Effects of amino acids, nucleic acids, vitamins, and the other nutrients on l-leucine production were investigated. The fermentation product was isolated and purified from the culture, and identified as l-leucine.
Efficient Partial-Parallel Decoder Architecture for Quasi-Cyclic Nonbinary LDPC Codes (2010)

Nonbinary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes constructed over GF(q) (q >; 2) can achieve higher coding gain than binary LDPC codes when the code length is moderate. A complete partial-parallel decoder architecture based on the Min-max algorithm is proposed for quasi-cyclic NB-LDPC codes in this paper. A novel scheme and corresponding architecture are developed to implement the elementary step of the check node processing. In our design, layered decoding is applied and only n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> <; q messages are kept on each edge of the associated Tanner graph. The computation units and the scheduling of the computations are optimized in the context of layered decoding to reduce the area requirement and increase the speed. This paper also introduces an overlapped method for the check node processing among different layers to further speed up the decoding. From complexity and latency analysis, our design is much more efficient than any previous design. Our proposed decoder for a (744, 653) code over GF(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> ) has also been synthesized on a Xilinx Virtex-2 Pro FPGA device. It can achieve a throughput of 9.30 Mbps when 15 decoding iterations are carried out.
Raised aldosterone to renin ratio predicts antihypertensive efficacy of spironolactone: a prospective cohort follow‐up study (1999)

Spironolactone was a highly effective antihypertensive agent in hypertensive patients who had a raised aldosterone/renin ratio. As a raised ratio was highly predictive of nonsuppression of plasma aldosterone suggesting primary aldosteronism, it might be worthwhile using spironolactone in this subgroup of hypertensive patients with raised aldosterone/renin ratios, provided that adrenal adenomas are excluded with imaging techniques.
Generating programming language-based pattern matchers (1993)

This paper is based on a logical extension of our past work in pattern matching tools [22, 24, 25 ] for reverse engineering. We explore two new directions: first, we investigate the need for new and more powerful source code and pattern representations to support a richer set of queries; and second, we develop the concept of automatic generation of pattern matchers for different programming languages starting from a high-level specification of the programming language. A generator will eliminate the need for manually-coded pattern matchers for different programming languages. Preliminary ideas are discussed and a roadmap of research issues is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF BORON CHELATES SYNTHESIZED FROM 2‐AMINOPYRIDINE (1982)

Abstract Tributylboran (I) reagiert mit 2‐(N‐Benzoyl‐amino)‐pyridin (II) zum Borchelat (III).
New semiconductors based on triphenylamine with macrocyclic architecture: synthesis, properties and applications in OFETs (2007)

Two novel macrocycles based on triphenylamine (TPA) have been synthesized by McMurry coupling reactions. The cyclic compound 2 consisted of two triphenylamines linked with ethylene bridges bearing two n-butyl chains. The compound 3 was based on N,N,N′,N′-tetraphenylbenzidine (TPD) units with macrocyclic architecture. They were fully characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption and self-assembly properties. The crystal structure of 2 was determined by X-ray analysis. Atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope images showed that compound 3 could form interesting fiber-like nanostructures by self-assembly. Both of the compounds can be used as active layers for p-type OFETs. The OFET device based on 2 prepared via a vacuum-deposit method gave a mobility of 2.3 × 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1 and a current on/off ratio of 105. High quality thin films of 3 were fabricated by spin coating from solution, and gave a mobility of 2.0 × 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1 with a current on/off ratio of 2 × 105. The results showed that the TPA derivatives with cyclic structures might fit better for OFETs. They may provide promising new choices for organic semiconductors.
Conference Summary: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (2005)

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which is usually defined as an infection occurring greater than 48 hours after hospital admission in a patient requiring mechanical ventilation, is an entity that should be viewed as a subcategory of health-care-associated pneumonia, which includes any patient who was hospitalized in an acute care hospital for 2 or more days within 90 days of the infection; resided in a nursing home or long-term care facility; received recent antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, or wound care within the past 30 days of the current infection; or attended a hospital or hemodialysis clinic. VAP is the most frequent intensive-care-unit (ICU)-acquired infection among patients receiving mechanical ventilation. In contrast to infections of other frequently involved organs (eg, urinary tract and skin), for which mortality is low, the mortality rate for VAP ranges from 20% to 50% and can reach 70% in some specific settings or when lung infection is caused by high-risk pathogens and/or when initial antibiotic therapy is inappropriate. Although the attributable mortality rate for VAP is still debated, it has been shown that these infections prolong both the duration of ventilation and the duration of ICU stay. These prolonged hospitalizations underscore the considerable financial burden imposed by the development of VAP. The causes of VAP are many and may vary by hospital, patient population, and type of ICU, emphasizing the need for timely, local surveillance data. In many cases infection is caused by multiple-drug-resistant pathogens. Risk factors for such resistant microorganisms are the duration of mechanical ventilation, prior antibiotic treatment, and contact with the health care system. Preventive measures should be guided with regard to a full understanding of pathogenesis and epidemiology. Because respiratory-tract colonization of ICU patients is generally very complex, corresponding to a mix of self-colonization and cross-transmission, only a multifaceted and multidisciplinary program can be effective. Antimicrobial therapy of patients with VAP should follow a 2-stage process. The first stage involves administering broad-spectrum antibiotics to avoid inappropriate treatment in patients with true bacterial pneumonia. The second stage focuses on trying to achieve this objective without over-using and abusing antibiotics, combining a number of different steps, such as stopping therapy in patients with a low probability of the disease, streamlining treatment once the etiologic agent is known, switching to monotherapy after days 3-5, and shortening duration of therapy to 7-8 days, as dictated by the patient's clinical response to therapy and information about the bacteriology of the infection.
LRRK2 and Parkinson Disease (2010)

Both affected and asymptomatic LRRK2 carriers now provide the opportunity to define the natural history of PD. This includes the frequency, penetrance, and rate of motor symptoms, nonmotor comorbidities, and their associated biomarkers.
Equilibrium Cu-Ag nanoalloy structure formation revealed by <i>in situ</i> scanning transmission electron microscopy heating experiments (2014)

Using in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy heating experiments, we observed the formation of a 3-dimensional (3D) epitaxial Cu-core and Ag-shell equilibrium structure of a Cu-Ag nanoalloy. The structure was formed during the thermal interaction of Cu(∼12 nm) and Ag NPs(∼6 nm) at elevated temperatures (150–300 °C) by the Ag NPs initially wetting the Cu NP along its {111} surfaces at one or multiple locations forming epitaxial Ag/Cu (111) interfaces, followed by Ag atoms diffusing along the Cu surface. This phenomenon was confirmed through Monte Carlo simulations to be a nanoscale effect related to the large surface-to-volume ratio of the NPs.
CALCULATION OF THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE USING SIMPLE MODELS OF CELL PATCHES (2002)

The measurement of the dielectric properties of biological tissue is of increasing scientific relevance. Models for the comprehension of the dielectric properties at various frequencies have been successfully set up. However, students often have problems in understanding the effects taking place on cellular level which lead to the observed dispersion. A numerical model of a biological tissue brick composed of single cells (micron-dimensions) between two plate electrodes is presented in this study. An electrical current in a range of 1 Hz to 3 GHz was applied to the electrodes and hence to the tissue model. Using an equivalent series circuit of a resistor and a capacitor it is possible to calculate the effective equivalent dielectric properties of the whole tissue model. The results show an increasing conductivity and decreasing permittivity with increasing frequency. This corresponds to experimental results obtained with different biological tissues.
A Consideration of the Critical Add-On and the Uniformity of Crosslinking (1979)

In a low add on, easy-care finishing system, the critical add-on value (CAV) is defined as that amount of finishing liquor which must be applied to a given fabric in order to avoid a nonuniform distribution of crosslinking after drying and curing. , At least two different types of nonuniformity have to be recognized. Type-one nonuniformity occurs when the amount of liquor applied is significantly higher than the CAV, so that migration of chemicals to the fabric surface occurs. Type- two nonuniformity is produced when the amount applied is low er than the CAV, so that more-or less isolated small spots of untreated fabric occur. It has been found that the CAV depends upon the fabric construction and the pretreatment. Mercerizing enforces higher CAV, but liquid ammonia treatment usually allows a reduction. The concentration of crosslinking agents in the formulation also exerts an influence. A short (5 s) steaming step between impregnation and drying allows a significant reduction in CAV and apparently eliminates the influence of the pretreatment.
Development of a radioimmunoassay for parathion (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of a radioimmunoassay for parathionCharles D. Ercegovich, Remo P. Vallejo, Russell R. Gettig, Lynn Woods, Edward R. Bogus, and Ralph O. MummaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1981, 29, 3, 559–563Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00105a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00105a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mammalian .beta.2-adrenergic receptor: purification and characterization (1984)

The beta 2-adrenergic receptors from hamster, guinea pig, and rat lungs have been solubilized with digitonin and purified by sequential Sepharose-alprenolol affinity and high-performance steric-exclusion liquid chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of iodinated purified receptor preparations reveal a peptide with an apparent Mr of 64 000 in all three systems that coincides with the peptide labeled by the specific beta-adrenergic photoaffinity probe (p-azido-m-[125I]iodobenzyl)carazolol. A single polypeptide was observed in all three systems, suggesting that lower molecular weight peptides identified previously by affinity labeling or purification in mammalian systems may represent proteolyzed forms of the receptor. Purification of the beta-adrenergic receptor has also been assessed by silver staining, iodinated lectin binding, and measurement of the specific activity (approximately 15 000 pmol of [3H]dihydroalprenolol bound/mg of protein). Overall yields approximate 10% of the initial crude particulate binding, with 1-3 pmol of purified receptor obtained/g of tissue. The purified receptor preparations bind agonist and antagonist ligands with the expected beta 2-adrenergic specificity and stereoselectivity. Peptide mapping and lectin binding studies of the hamster, guinea pig, and rat lung beta 2-adrenergic receptors reveal significant similarities suggestive of evolutionary homology.
Experimental Verification of Reversed Cherenkov Radiation in Left-Handed Metamaterial (2009)

By using a phased electromagnetic dipole array to model a moving charged particle, we experimentally verified a reversed Cherenkov radiation in the left-handed media in the frequency range from 8.1 to 9.5 GHz. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of new types of particle detectors and radiation generators.
Stage-Specific Sensitivity of Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Detecting Colorectal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019)

Although FITs detect 4 of 5 CRCs at stages II-IV, the substantially lower sensitivity for stage-I-CRC and, in particular, T1 CRC indicates both need and potential for further improvement in performance for the early detection of CRC.
Laplacian surface editing (2004)

Surface editing operations commonly require geometric details of the surface to be preserved as much as possible. We argue that geometric detail is an intrinsic property of a surface and that, consequently, surface editing is best performed by operating over an intrinsic surface representation. We provide such a representation of a surface, based on the Laplacian of the mesh, by encoding each vertex relative to its neighborhood. The Laplacian of the mesh is enhanced to be invariant to locally linearized rigid transformations and scaling. Based on this Laplacian representation, we develop useful editing operations: interactive free-form deformation in a region of interest based on the transformation of a handle, transfer and mixing of geometric details between two surfaces, and transplanting of a partial surface mesh onto another surface. The main computation involved in all operations is the solution of a sparse linear system, which can be done at interactive rates. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in several examples, showing that the editing operations change the shape while respecting the structural geometric detail.