gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Specific Heats of Some Aqueous Sodium and Potassium Chloride Solutions at Several Temperatures. II. (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Specific Heats of Some Aqueous Sodium and Potassium Chloride Solutions at Several Temperatures. II.Chester M. WhiteCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1940, 44, 4, 494–512Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1940https://doi.org/10.1021/j150400a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (826 KB) Get e-Alerts
Industrial applications of immobilized enzymes—A review (2019)

The use of immobilized enzymes is now a routine process for the manufacture of many industrial products in the pharmaceutical, chemical and food industry. Some enzymes, such as lipases, are naturally robust and efficient, can be used for the production of many different molecules and have a wide range of industrial applications thanks to their broad selectivity. As an example, lipase from Candida antarctica (CalB) has been used by BASF to produce chiral compounds, such as the herbicide Dimethenamide-P, which was previously made chemically. The use of the immobilized enzyme has provided significant advantages over a chemical process, such as the possibility to use equimolar concentration of substrates, obtain an enantiomeric excess > 99%, use relatively low temperatures (< 60 °C) in organic solvent, obtain a single enantiomer instead of the racemate as in the chemical process and use a column configuration that allows dramatic increases in productivity. This process would not have been possible without the use of an immobilized enzyme, since it runs in organic solvent [1]. Some more specific enzymes, like transaminases, have required protein engineering to become suitable for applications in production of APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) in conditions which are extreme for a wild type enzyme. The process developed by Merck for sitagliptin manufacture is a good example of challenging enzyme engineering applied to API manufacture. The previous process of sitagliptin involved hydrogenation of enamine at high pressure using a rhodium-based chiral catalyst. By developing an engineered transaminase, the enzymatic process was able to convert 200 g/l of prositagliptin in the final product, with e.e. >99.5% and using an immobilized enzyme in the presence of DMSO as a cosolvent [2]. For all enzymes, the possibility to be immobilized and used in a heterogeneous form brings important industrial and environmental advantages, such as simplified downstream processing or continuous process operations. Here, we present a series of large-scale applications of immobilized enzymes with benefits for the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and medical device industries, some of which have been scarcely reported on previously. In general, all enzymatic reactions can benefit from the immobilization, however, the final choice to use them in immobilized form depends on the economic evaluation of costs associated with their use versus benefits obtained in the process. It can be concluded that the benefits are rather significant, since the use of immobilized enzymes in industry is increasing.
Deep convolutional neural network based species recognition for wild animal monitoring (2014)

We proposed a novel deep convolutional neural network based species recognition algorithm for wild animal classification on very challenging camera-trap imagery data. The imagery data were captured with motion triggered camera trap and were segmented automatically using the state of the art graph-cut algorithm. The moving foreground is selected as the region of interests and is fed to the proposed species recognition algorithm. For the comparison purpose, we use the traditional bag of visual words model as the baseline species recognition algorithm. It is clear that the proposed deep convolutional neural network based species recognition achieves superior performance. To our best knowledge, this is the first attempt to the fully automatic computer vision based species recognition on the real camera-trap images. We also collected and annotated a standard camera-trap dataset of 20 species common in North America, which contains 14, 346 training images and 9, 530 testing images, and is available to public for evaluation and benchmark purpose.
Adsorption and desorption of halogenated hydrocarbons using activated carbon (1991)

Abstract Environmental hazards caused by halogenated hydrocarbons and increasingly stringent regulations for limiting their emission require comprehensive investigations of these substances. The present work deals with the adsorption and desorption of halogenated hydrocarbons on activated carbon. The results could be useful in the utilization of landfill gases because halogenated hydrocarbons must be removed in order to avoid pollution and the loaded activated carbons have to be regenerated. Activated carbons are well suited to removal and recovery of halogenated hydrocarbons from gas flows.
Computer‐assisted surgery for dynamic hip screw, using Surgix<sup>©</sup>, a novel intraoperative guiding system (2008)

The results of this study demonstrate that the Surgix CASS significantly improves the accuracy of hardware positioning and reduces radiation exposure time, thus enhancing patient outcome.
Steam drying of industrial and agricultural products and wastes (1983)

A new drying technique has been developed by MoDo-Chemetics and Chalmers of Technology in Sweden. Steam drying utilizes the drying capacity of superheated steam to remove moisture from porous material such as pulp or hog fuel. The first commercial dryer based on this technique was installed at Rockhammar Bruk in Sweden, where wood pulp is dried from 60% to 12% moisture content. Two commercial-size units are presently under construction, one for drying of hog fuel from 50% to 35% moisture content for on-the-grate firing in the power boiler and one for drying of sugar-beet pulp from 80% to 10% moisture content. This new technique can be applied in the drying of materials used in the production of waterboard, fiberboard, and hardboard, drying of peat, distillers grain residue, orange and pineapple pulp, grape and apple pomace, and cotton linters, for various end uses including cattlefeed and the use of residues as combustible material in small boilers. The energy-recovery aspects of the steam dryer are very important. Energy recovery in a useful form of more than 85% of the input to the dryer is feasible. 4 figures, 2 tables. (DP)
Impact of Modern Process Technologies on the Electrical Parameters of Interconnects (2007)

This paper presents the results obtained from an experimental study of the impact of modern process technologies on the electrical parameters of interconnects. Variations in parasitic capacitances and resistances due to dummy metal fills, chemical mechanical polishing, multiple thin inter-layer dielectrics and trapezoidal conductor cross-sections are presented. Accurate variations in the parasitics are reported for a set of timing critical nets using 3d field solvers for extraction. Results obtained on a set of industrial designs show that the impact of dummy fills and trapezoidal conductor cross-sections are significant
[The social context of abortion in the mountains and forests of Peru]. (1993)

In the past few years a greater openness to examination of the characteristics and consequences of abortion as a public health issue and as a social phenomenon has been evident in Peru. To study the attitudes and experiences regarding abortion of low income women living in squatter settlements, focus groups were organized in the Andean city of Cuzco and the Amazon city of Iquitos. The participating women were aged 15 to 49, married or in union, and had at least three living children. The women in each city were divided into three groups of modern contraceptive users, traditional contraceptive users, and nonusers of contraception. They were further divided into two age groups over and under 30 years old. Two focus groups were held for each age and contraception group in each city for a total of twelve sessions in each. A total of 173 women participated. The focus groups met in Iquitos in December 1986 and in Cuzco in March 1987. Younger users of modern contraception did not express approval of abortion but rather stressed its health risks and especially the belief that repeat abortions would lead to cancer. Contraceptive users over 30 and women in the other two groups cited health risks and moral condemnation, speaking in terms of crime, sin, and punishment. Some saw a distinction nevertheless between very early abortion and later abortions, which were disapproved. Some women expressed resentment at wealthier women who were suspected of using abortion to limit their family size. Women in both cities identified abortion seekers as predominantly young, unmarried, older, or multiparous. Private physicians and nurses were said to be the most frequent practitioners, although health workers of all kinds were mentioned. A wide variety of herbal preparations and abortifacients were mentioned, but doubt was expressed as to efficacy in some cases. Curettage was said to be performed by physicians but no details were given. Opinion was divided concerning the desirability of possible legalization of abortion. There was evident feeling that abortion should be used for special cases or emergencies, but that family planning should be the usual practice for fertility limitation.
Analysis of stimulus-evoked pain in patients with myofascial temporomandibular pain disorders (2001)

The pathophysiological mechanisms of myofascial temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are still under investigation. The hypothesis that TMD pain is caused by a generalized sensitization of higher order neurons in the nociceptive pathways combined with a decreased efficacy of endogenous inhibitory systems has recently gained support in the literature. This study was designed to further investigate the somatosensory sensibility within and outside the craniofacial region. Twenty-two patients fulfilled the research diagnostic criteria for TMD for myofascial pain (Dworkin and LeResche, J Craniomandib Disord Facial Oral Pain 6 (1992) 301) and 21 age- and sex-matched subjects served as a control group. The somatosensory sensibility to a deep tonic input was tested by standardized infusions of hypertonic saline into the masseter and anterior tibialis muscle. Furthermore, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and heat pain thresholds (HPTs) were assessed with phasic stimuli at the same sites before and following the infusions. Myofascial TMD patients reported infusion of hypertonic saline to be more painful on 10 cm visual analogue scales (peak pain 8.8 +/- 0.4 cm) than control subjects (6.8 +/- 0.5 cm, t-test: P = 0.003) in the masseter but not in the anterior tibialis (7.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 6.6 +/- 0.5 cm, P=0.181). The perceived area of experimental masseter pain measured on drawings was marginally larger in TMD patients (2.6+/-0.5 arbitrary units (a.u.)) than in control subjects (1.4 +/- 0.2 a.u., Mann-Whitney: P = 0.048) but no differences were observed for the anterior tibialis (P = 0.771). The PPTs were lower in the myofascial TMD patients compared to the control group, both in the masseter (analysis of variance (ANOVA): P = 0.002) and in the anterior tibialis (P = 0.005), whereas there were no significant differences in HPT (ANOVAs: P = 0.357, P = 0.101). There were no significant correlations between measures of somatosensory sensibility and measures of clinical pain intensity, pain duration, graded chronic pain scores or somatization or depression scores (Pearson: R < 0.304, P > 0.172). The present study in a well-defined group of myofascial TMD patients found that the responsiveness to both tonic and phasic deep stimuli, but not to phasic superficial inputs at the pain threshold level, in the craniofacial region was higher compared with a control group. These findings suggest that myofascial TMD pain is associated with a facilitation of stimulus-evoked pain primarily, but not exclusively related to the painful region.
Mechanisms for High Affinity Mannose 6-Phosphate Ligand Binding to the Insulin-like Growth Factor II/Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor (2000)

The two mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) binding domains of the insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor (Man-6-P/IGF2R), located in extracytoplasmic repeats 1-3 and 7-9, are capable of binding Man-6-P with low affinity and glycoproteins that contain more than one Man-6-P residue with high affinity. High affinity multivalent ligand binding sites could be formed through two possible mechanisms: the interaction of two Man-6-P binding domains within one Man-6-P/IGF2R molecule or by receptor oligomerization. To discriminate between these mechanisms, truncated FLAG epitope-tagged Man-6-P/IGF2R constructs, containing one or both of the Man-6-P binding domains, were expressed in 293T cells, and characterized for binding of pentamannose phosphate-bovine serum albumin (PMP-BSA), a pseudoglycoprotein bearing multiple Man-6-P residues. A construct containing all 15 repeats of the Man-6-P/IGF2R extracytoplasmic domain bound PMP-BSA with the same affinity as the full-length receptor (K(d) = 0.54 nm) with a curvilinear Scatchard plot. The presence of excess unlabeled PMP-BSA increased the dissociation rate of pre-formed (125)I-PMP-BSA/receptor complexes, suggesting negative cooperativity in multivalent ligand binding and affirming the role of multiple Man-6-P/IGF2R binding domains in forming high affinity binding sites. Truncated receptors containing only one Man-6-P binding domain and mutant receptor constructs, containing an Arg(1325) --> Ala mutation that eliminates binding to the repeats 7-9 binding domain, formed high affinity PMP-BSA binding, but with reduced stoichiometries. Collectively, these observations suggest that alignment of Man-6-P binding domains of separate Man-6-P/IGF2R molecules is responsible for the formation of high affinity Man-6-P binding sites and provide functional evidence for Man-6-P/IGF2R oligomerization.
Some statistical properties of alpha-trimmed mean and standard type M filters (1988)

The statistical properties of two classes of filters generalizing the median filter are considered. The two classes are the alpha-trimmed mean ( alpha -TM) filter and the standard type M(STM) filter, both of which are special cases of the L filter. Results are developed to quantify the white-noise suppression and edge-preservation characteristics of the filters by considering their output sequence error statistics. It is shown that the alpha -TM and STM filters perform better than the running mean and median filters in white noise suppression, while they can be designed to be comparable to the median filter in edge preservation in the presence of noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of Nanofiber Composite Fuel Cell Membranes via Dual Fiber Electrospinning (2010)

Abstract not Available.
DISORDERS OF PLATELET FUNCTION (1977)

Journal Article DISORDERS OF PLATELET FUNCTION Get access R M HARDISTY, MD FRCP FRCPath R M HARDISTY, MD FRCP FRCPath Department of Haematology, Institute of Child Health, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 33, Issue 3, September 1977, Pages 207–212, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071437 Published: 01 September 1977
Expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA glutamate receptor genes in neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and other cell lines (1996)

We evaluated expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA glutamate receptor (GluR) genes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blotting in nine established cell lines: rat CG-4 (oligodendroglial lineage) and RINm5F insulinoma cells; human CHP134, SMS-KCNR, SKNSH, and Nb69 neuroblastoma cells; and human D384Med, D425Med, and D458Med medulloblastoma cells. CG-4 expressed mRNAs encoding GluR2-7, KA-1, and KA-2 non-NMDA GluR (Yoshioka et al.: J Neurochem 64:2442-2448, 1995) and NR1 (NMDAR1) and NR2D NMDA GluR. After differentiation to oligodendrocyte-like cells, CG-4 also expressed NR2B mRNA. Rat insulinoma cells expressed GluR5 and KA-2 non-NMDA and NR1 and NR2D NMDA GluR mRNAs. The four human neuroblastoma lines all expressed mRNAs encoding GluR2-4, 6, 7 and KA-1 non-NMDA and NR1 NMDA GluR, and the three human medulloblastoma cell lines all expressed mRNAs encoding GluR1, 6 and KA-1, but none of the NMDA GluRs. Whereas CG-4 is susceptible to kainate excitotoxicity, treatment of insulinoma, neuroblastoma, and medulloblastoma lines with L-glutamate, kainate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA), or NMDA failed to cause cell damage or to augment 45Ca2+ influx. Thus, despite expressing a variety of non-NMDA and NMDA GluR genes, the human neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma and rat insulinoma lines failed to assemble Ca(2+)-permeable NMDA or non-NMDA GluR channels. This failure confers protection against excitotoxicity and may contribute to progression of tumors of these types.
p-NiO/ITO transparent heterojunction &#x2014; Preparation and characterization (2012)

The paper presents the preparation of a transparent heterojunction on glass substrate consisting of p type NiO and n type ITO transparent oxidic semiconductors. NiO layer as a p type semiconductor and transparent layer was obtained by thermal oxidation at 430 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C of 50 nm metallic Ni films deposited by DC sputtering. Spectrophotometrical measurements used to investigate optical properties revealed a transmittance higher than 70% for NiO and 90% for ITO in the spectral range of 300-900 nm. The obtained p-NiO/n-ITO heterojunction exposed to ultraviolet radiation (λ ~ 240 nm) shows a good sensibility due to wide band gap of the layers.
Towards Self-Configuring Hardware for Distributed Computer Systems (2005)

High-end servers that can be partitioned into logical subsystems and repartitioned on the fly are now becoming available. This development raises the possibility of reconfiguring distributed systems online to optimize for dynamically changing workloads. This paper presents the initial steps towards a system that can learn to alter its current configuration in reaction to the current workload. In particular, the advantages of shifting CPU and memory resources online are considered. Investigation on a publically available multi-machine, multi-process distributed system (the online transaction processing benchmark TPC-W) indicates that there is a real performance benefit to reconfiguration in reaction to workload changes. A learning framework is presented that does not require any instrumentation of the middleware, nor any special instrumentation of the operating system; rather, it learns to identify preferable configurations as well as their quantitative performance effects from system behavior as reported by standard monitoring tools. Initial results using the WEKA machine learning package suggest that automatic adaptive configuration can provide measurable performance benefits over any fixed configuration
Secure optical communications using wavelength tunable optical filters (2002)

This report presents several conceptual designs for all-optical implementations to enhance the security of optical communications links. The method takes advantage of technology which uses the wavelength selective filtering properties of electronically tunable high finesse Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs). For the application under consideration the FPI would physically separate from a broad band (e.g., >20 nm) optical source, such as superluminescent LED, a narrow band (e.g., <0.1 nm) of wavelengths and the latter would be modulated with the information signal of interest. The modulated optical signal is combined with the unmodulated part of the broadband signal prior to transmission. The decoding process at the receiver would require an identical FPI tuned to the same narrow band of wavelengths in order to selectively extract the modulated narrowband signal carrying the information transmitted. Robustness of the security is enhanced by the electronic tunability of the FPIs which could potentially lead to a wavelength-hopped transmission and tracking communication system.
Locked nucleic acid: tighter is different (2013)

This viewpoint briefly reviews the impact of Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) oligonucleotides, first described in a ChemComm paper in 1998. A number of unique applications in oligonucleotide biotechnology have been made possible by the high binding affinity and specificity of LNA, and these provide the main focus of the viewpoint.
Extraction and Quantitation of Digoxin and Acetyldigoxin from the <i>Digitalis lanata</i> Leaf via Near-Supercritical Methanol-Modified Carbon Dioxide (1996)

An extraction process is reported that employs a near-supercritical mixture of CO2 and MeOH to extract the cardiac glycoside, digoxin, from the Digitalis lanata leaf. The method development of the sample preparation procedure is presented in detail, and reasons for trends that occur in the natural products extraction are given.
Protection by Naringin and Some Other Flavonoids of Hepatocytic Autophagy and Endocytosis against Inhibition by Okadaic Acid (1995)

In isolated rat hepatocytes, the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid exerts a strong inhibitory effect on autophagy, which can be partially overcome by certain protein kinase inhibitors like the isoflavone genistein. To see if other, more specific okadaic acid antagonists could be found among the flavonoids, 55 different flavonoids were tested for their effect on okadaic acid-inhibited autophagy, measured as the sequestration of electroinjected [3H]raffinose. Naringin (naringenin 7-hesperidoside) and several other flavanone and flavone glycosides (prunin, neoeriocitrin, neohesperidin, apiin, rhoifolin, kaempferol 3-rutinoside) offered virtually complete protection against the autophagy-inhibitory effect of okadaic acid. Unlike genistein, these compounds had little or no autophagy-inhibitory effect of their own. Their innocuousness appeared to be related to glycosylation, because the corresponding aglycones (naringenin, eriodictyol, hesperetin, apigenin, kaempferol) were all inhibitory, in particular apigenin (80% inhibition at 100 microM). Naringin, the most potent okadaic acid-antagonistic flavonoid, gave half-maximal protection at 5 microM and maximal effect at 100 microM. Naringin also prevented the okadaic acid-induced inhibition of endogenous, autophagic lysosomal protein degradation and of receptor-mediated asialoglycoprotein uptake and degradation. Naringin and other okadaic acid-antagonistic flavonoids may be useful tools in the study of intracellular protein phosphorylation and could have potential therapeutic value as protectants against pathological hyperphosphorylations, environmental toxins, or side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs.