gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The AMOEBA switch: an optoelectronic switch for multiprocessor networking using dense-WDM (1999)

We present a single-chip asynchronous multiprocessor optoelectronic bit-sliced arrayed (AMOEBA) crossbar switch. The AMOEBA switch addresses the challenge to produce a large-scale, nonblocking packet switch through dense integration of photonic devices directly onto silicon VLSI circuits. Optoelectronic-VLSI technology is used to integrate the switch fabric, routing controller, packet buffers, line interface circuits, and optoelectronic conversion devices on a single chip. We show how free-space optical interconnects and wavelength-and-space-division-multiplex networking on single-mode fibers can provide switched interconnection between multiple nodes in a distributed computing environment. An optomechanical transceiver package accomplishes the free-space-to-fiber interfacing. We report the implementation and testing of the key components of a 16-channel AMOEBA prototype switch with a potential capacity of 12.8 Gb/s (or 800 Mb/s/channel), and capable of switching 16 million packets per second.
Continuous monitoring of fetal oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (1995)

Fetal pulse oximetry corresponds satisfactorily to results from fetal blood analysis. Low invasiveness and continuous monitoring are the advantages of this method. At present, the available sensor generates only a limited amount of signal time. However, in combination with FHR monitoring, pulse oximetry promises greatly improved detection of fetal hypoxia.
Thermal Behavior of Ionic Liquids Containing the FSI Anion and the Li<sup>+</sup> Cation (2010)

Ionic liquids (ILs) containing the bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([(FSO2)2N]−, “FSI”) anion have been attracting growing interest as electrolytes in lithium (ion) batteries because in many instances they offer the best liquid properties. At the same time, though, there have been reports that some examples can undergo highly exothermic reactions under certain conditions. As this behavior could potentially rule out their use in batteries, we present here a study of the thermal stability of a series of lithium battery IL electrolytes that contain the FSI anion. When the ionic liquid N-methyl-N-propyl pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (C3mpyrFSI) is mixed with either LiFSI or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), an exothermic reaction occurs at ∼120 °C. This reaction is related to the copresence of the Li+ and FSI ions and involves a trace amount of water. The exothermic decomposition is also observed when wet LiFSI is heated. The exothermic enthalpy increases with water content (tested up to 6 wt %) and can be as high as 200 J g−1. Infrared and Raman spectra show that the Li+ cations and the FSI anions form a relatively strong association in ionic liquid media with the result that mixtures of FSI IL and LiTFSI also give rise to the exotherm. Electrochemical investigations reveal that the decomposition of FSI effectively lowers the concentration of lithium ions available. Mass spectrometric analysis strongly suggests that degradation involves reaction to form oligomers of an FSI-derived base unit under dry condition but produces smaller fragments if water is involved. Overall, the results raise concern over the safety of FSI salts as lithium battery electrolytes and at least establish a case for further investigation.
Cytokine production and T‐cell activation by macrophage–dendritic cells generated for therapeutic use (2001)

Clinical grade ex vivo-generated antigen-presenting cells, macrophage-dendritic cells (MAC-DCs) or macrophage-activated killers (MAKs) were derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cultures (7 d) were performed in non-adherent conditions in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and either interleukin 13 (IL-13) or dihydroxy-vitamin D3 respectively. MAKs were activated during the last 24 h with interferon gamma (IFNgamma). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses indicated that IL-1beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) were produced by both cells. Higher pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1beta and TNFalpha) amounts were detected on average in MAK supernatants. In contrast, IL-12 p40 was found only in MAC-DC supernatants, but the biologically active IL-12 form (p70) was never detected. T-cell cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10) were not produced in culture conditions in which T cells were nevertheless present. At d 7, TNFalpha or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulated IL-12 p40 production by MAC-DCs, while IL-12 p70 remained undetectable. LPS stimulation also increased TNFalpha production by these cells. Allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) showed that MAKs are poor stimulatory cells compared with MAC-DCs. The MAC-DC stimulatory capacity was enhanced by LPS, although the expression of HLA class II, CD83, CD80 and CD86 was unmodified. Thus, MAC-DCs represent a tool for triggering adaptative immunity, while MAK should be primarily used as effector killer cells.
Identification of Chromosomally Integrated Human Herpesvirus 6 by Droplet Digital PCR (2014)

The possibility of ciHHV-6 is often overlooked in patients with detectable HHV-6 viral loads by quantitative PCR. Our ddPCR test provides rapid and accurate laboratory identification of ciHHV-6 from easily obtained cellular samples. In addition, the assay provides excellent sensitivity and specificity using stored plasma samples, facilitating retrospective analysis of the clinical significance of ciHHV-6.
Advanced electron cyclotron resonance plasma etching technology for precise ultra-large-scale integration patterning (1994)

Ultra-large-scale integration patterning with less than 0.25-μm precision requires the optimization of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma discharge. This is because ion motion and etching results are affected by magnetohydrodynamic plasma instability and charge accumulation on the substrate in nonuniform plasma. Microloading and unusual notching at the boundary pattern between dense patterns and open spaces are both caused during n+ poly-Si etching in nonuniform plasma. To prevent these problems, optimally uniform ECR plasma generation is necessary. This is accomplished by optimizing both the magnetic field profile and the introduction of microwaves.
Vertical cavity surface-emitting semiconductor lasers with injection laser pumping (1990)

Continuous-wave GaAs/GaAlAs edge-emitting diode lasers were used to pump GaAs/AlGaAs and InGaAs/AlGaAs vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with resonant periodic gain (RPG) at room temperature. Pump threshold as low as 11 mW, output powers as high as 27 mW at 850 nm, and external differential quantum efficiencies of about 70 percent were observed in GaAs/AlGaAs surface -emitters; spectral brightness 22 times that of the pump laser was also observed. Output powers as high as 85 mW at 950 nm and differential quantum efficiencies of up to 58 percent were recorded for the InGaAs surface-emitting laser. This is the highest quasi-CW output power ever reported for any RPG VCSEL, and the first time such a device has been pumped using an injection laser diode.
Biological activity of the mammalian RAP genes in yeast. (1990)

We have screened expression libraries for mammalian cDNAs capable of suppressing defects in ras1- Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Both the RAP1A and RAP1B genes were identified in this manner. They suppress defects in cell morphology and sporulation, although not conjugation. In contrast, RAP genes do not suppress phenotypes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are deficient in RAS. Indeed, expression of RAP1A appears to antagonize the activated S. cerevisiae RAS2val19 gene. These results indicate that RAP proteins can interact with RAS targets, sometimes productively, sometimes nonproductively.
Tripod vibration anesthesia (2008)

Cutaneous vibrators have been introduced to relieve pain associated with a variety of dermatology procedures including injections and laser treatments. The simple tripod massager described in this report is effective and acceptable to patients for cutaneous injection anesthesia.
The nucleotide sequence of tobacco vein mottling virus RNA (1986)

The nucleotide sequence of the RNA of tobacco vein mottling virus, a member of the potyvirus group, was determined. The RNA was found to be 9471 residues in length, excluding a 3'-terminal poly(A) tail. The first three AUG codons from the 5'-terminus were followed by in-frame termination codons. The fourth, at position 206, was the beginning of an open reading frame of 9015 residues which could encode a polyprotein of 340 kDa. No other long open reading frames were present in the sequence or its complement. This AUG was present in the sequence AGGCCAUG, which is similar to the consensus initiation sequence shared by most eukaryotic mRNAs. The chemically-determined amino acid compositions of the helper component and coat proteins were similar to those predicted from the nucleotide sequence. Amino acid sequencing of coat protein from which an amino-terminal peptide had been removed allowed exact location of the coat protein cistron. A consensus sequence of V-(R or K)-F-Q was found on the N-terminal sides of proposed cleavage sites for proteolytic processing of the polyprotein.
Methods of sperm preparation for assisted reproduction. (1992)

Because seminal plasma contains factors which inhibit the fertilising ability of spermatozoa, it is essential that spermatozoa be separated from it quickly and efficiently. Four basic approaches for this exist: (1) simple dilution and washing; (2) sperm migration (either direct from liquefied semen, from a suspension of washed spermatozoa or from a washed sperm pellet); (3) selective washing procedures (mainly Percoll and Nycodenz density gradients); and (4) adherence methods for the elimination of debris and dead spermatozoa (glass wool, glass beads and Sephadex columns). While the success of a sperm preparation method is often assessed by its yield of motile spermatozoa, it is also vital that sperm preparations for clinical use should be free of any microbiological contaminants present in semen. Other relevant considerations in choosing a method include its technical complexity as well as its material, apparatus and time costs. Any possible exposure of spermatozoa during preparation to deleterious influences that may cause iatrogenic sperm dysfunction must obviously be avoided at all costs. Consequently, methods involving centrifugal washing steps prior to the selection of motile spermatozoa should be discontinued. Direct swim-up from semen remains the simplest way to obtain populations of highly motile spermatozoa and, dependent upon the absolute yield required, can be a very rapid procedure with normal semen samples. Abnormal samples, especially those with increased viscosity, may benefit from a prior filtration on a glass bead or Sephadex column. The initial motile sperm preparation should be washed once (perhaps twice) to minimise seminal plasma contamination of the final preparation. Several rapid, simple discontinuous Percoll gradients giving excellent yields are available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Photodynamic ablation of early cancers of the stomach by means of mTHPC and laser irradiation: preliminary clinical experience (1998)

PDT using mTHPC as the photosensitiser represents a safe and efficient method for topical treatment of early gastric cancer, especially of Lauren's intestinal carcinoma. If the preliminary results can be verified in larger patient series and during long term follow up, local treatment of early cancers of the stomach by PDT could be considered as a therapeutic option for selected patients.
The torque measurement method and characteristics analysis based on magneto-elasticity (2011)

In this paper the process to build the torque measurement system on the basis of magneto-elasticity is elaborated; the principle that "the relationship between torque and magnetic flux density is linearly proportional" is summarized; a new method for torque measurement based on the linearly proportional relationship between torque and magnetic flux density is raised, in which the teslameter with GMR effect is applied to measure the magnetic flux density, and then the torque can be calculated; the SPSS software is used for data analysis, and both the repeatability of experiment data and the linearity of torque measurement are less than 0.1%, so the system requirement on the measurement error is met, and the new method is verified to be feasible; and finally the key technical indexes of the torque measurement system are summarized: the measuring range is 0∼100 N-m, and the error index of linearity and repeatability is respectively 0.1%.
Preceding Vehicle Detection Using Stereo Images and Non-scanning Millimeter-Wave Radar (2006)

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A new circuit configuration for a static memory cell with an area of 880 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ (1978)

A new 5-transistor memory cell in double polysilicon technology with depletion-load elements and a minimum linewidth of 3 /spl mu/m is presented. The circuit configuration, based on a Schmitt trigger, leads to static memory cells having a bit density of 1100 bit/mm/SUP 2/ and an average power consumption of 5.5 /spl mu/W/cell. With the help of computer simulations the static and dynamic behavior of the basic circuit are calculated and discussed in detail as well as the two possible operation modes of the memory cell. These results compare favorably with the experimental results obtained on a realized 2/spl times/4 memory array. The performance of the proposed memory cell is the same as that of a conventional 6-transistor cell, but the area is reduced.
3alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas testosteroni: Kinetic Properties with NAD and Its Thionicotinamide Analogue (1975)

The kinetics of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid : NAD oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.50) from Pseudomonas testosteroni (ATCC 11996) have been investigated. The kinetic analysis based on initial activity measurements and product inhibition studies, indicates that the addition of substrate to the enzyme and the release of products from it, follows an obligatory order (ordered bi bi mechanism). The ability of the enzyme to utilize the thionicotinamide analogue of NAD (sNAD) as cofactor has been investigated using various 3alpha-hydroxysteroids from both the C19, C21, and C24 series. The results show that the reaction velocity with sNAD as the cofactor is generally lower than with NAD. The decrease, however, varies considerably, being negligible with some steroids such as litocholic acid and deoxycholic acid and very pronounced with other such as tetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone. The introduction of an 11beta-hydroxy or an 11-oxo group into the steroid molecule significantly reduces the ability of the enzyme to attack the 3alpha-hydroxy group. No such effect could be seen when the 11-hydroxy group was in the alpha-position. The results also indicate that, whereas NAD can serve as cofactor for both the monomeric and the dimeric forms of the enzyme, sNAD only acts as cofactor for the monomeric form. Thus sNAD is a valuable tool for the study of the reversible, concentration-depenedent monomeric-dimeric transition of the 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
Optimized feature extraction and the Bayes decision in feed-forward classifier networks (1991)

The problem of multiclass pattern classification using adaptive layered networks is addressed. A special class of networks, i.e., feed-forward networks with a linear final layer, that perform generalized linear discriminant analysis is discussed, This class is sufficiently generic to encompass the behavior of arbitrary feed-forward nonlinear networks. Training the network consists of a least-square approach which combines a generalized inverse computation to solve for the final layer weights, together with a nonlinear optimization scheme to solve for parameters of the nonlinearities. A general analytic form for the feature extraction criterion is derived, and it is interpreted for specific forms of target coding and error weighting. An important aspect of the approach is to exhibit how a priori information regarding nonuniform class membership, uneven distribution between train and test sets, and misclassification costs may be exploited in a regularized manner in the training phase of networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Merlin, a Tumor Suppressor, Interacts with Transactivation-responsive RNA-binding Protein and Inhibits Its Oncogenic Activity (2004)

The neurofibromatosis type 2 gene-encoded protein, merlin, is related to the ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) family of membrane-cytoskeleton-associated proteins. Recent studies suggest that the loss of neurofibromatosis type 2 function contributes to tumor development and metastasis. Although the cellular functions of merlin as a tumor suppressor are relatively well characterized, the cellular mechanism whereby merlin controls cell proliferation from membrane locations is still poorly understood. During our efforts to find potential merlin modulators through protein-protein interactions, we identified transactivation-responsive RNA-binding protein (TRBP) as a merlin-binding protein in a yeast two-hybrid screen. The interaction between TRBP and merlin was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, co-immunoprecipitation, and co-localization experiments. The carboxyl-terminal regions of each protein were responsible for their interaction. Cells overexpressing TRBP showed enhanced cell growth in cell proliferation assays and also exhibited transformed phenotypes, such as anchorage-independent cell growth and tumor development in mouse xenografts. Merlin efficiently inhibited these oncogenic activities of TRBP in our experiments. These results provide the first clue to the functional interaction between TRBP and merlin and suggest a novel mechanism for the tumor suppressor function of merlin both in vitro and in vivo.
Effect of low-molecular casein and gelatin on absorption of ibuprofen after oral and rectal administration. (1991)

Kneaded mixture of ibuprofen with low-molecular gelatin or casein (LM gelatin or LM casein) was prepared, and their in vitro dissolution, release from suppository base and in vivo absorption behaviours were examined. The dissolution rate of ibuprofen from the kneaded mixtures was markedly higher than that of the drug itself. The LM gelatin and LM casein also enhanced the release rate of ibuprofen from suppository base. After oral administration of the kneaded mixture with LM gelatin to beagle dogs, the initial serum concentration was higher than that of the drug alone. On the other hand, LM casein accelerated the absorption of ibuprofen from rectum. However, LM gelatin and LM casein did not affect the bioinversion of R(-)- to S(+)-ibuprofen.
Quantitative flow cytometric analysis of ABO red cell antigens (1991)

A flow cytometry method has been employed to quantitatively compare the expression of A, B and H antigens on various red blood cells (RBC). The H substance was directly labelled by fluorescein-conjugated anti-H lectin and the A and B antigens by indirect staining first with monoclonal anti-A or anti-B antibodies followed by fluorescently, fluorescein (FITC) or phycoerythrin (PE), labelled anti-mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) antibodies. More than a ten-fold difference in cellular fluorescence intensity was found within each sample. Both the percentage and the mean fluorescence of the positive subpopulation for each antigen were determined. Each RBC population was characterized with respect to the expression of A, B or H antigen by a compound mean value that was the calculated product of these two parameters. The results demonstrated a reciprocal relationship between the compound means of A or B and H. The ratio of A/H or B/H was found to be most informative. Homozygotes for A or B had ratios of greater than 200 and greater than 30, respectively, while heterozygotes (AO or BO) had ratios of less than 5. This method could also distinguish between A1 and A2; RBC carrying the A1 phenotype (as determined by agglutination with anti-A1 lectin) showed a higher A/H ratio than those carrying A2. In contrast to the reciprocity in the expression of A (or B) and H found in RBC obtained from different individuals, a direct correlation was found in the expression of these antigens by individual cells within a given population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Zwei neue malayische Russelkafer-Gattungen. Nr. 234 (1932)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Selectively reductive cleavage of the protected taxol side chain with sodium borohydride (1996)

（27%）still had the acetyl group at 20-C and the signal for the 10-C proton at 6.61 ppm（s）was shifted to 6.31 ppm（d, J=3.79 Hz）. A new doublet signal at 3.62 ppm(d, J=3.80
Heuristics (Rules of Thumb) (2010)

This chapter provides an overview of heuristics, shortcuts that reduce the search necessary to find a solution to a problem. It notes that initially, studies of heuristics dealt almost exclusively with cognitive processes, but they have come to incorporate emotional factors as well. Heuristics differ from strictly rational modes of choice, endeavoring to take account of choice in real world contexts, and to categorize the deviations from traditional rational choice. The chapter deals with specific as well as general heuristics, including what have been termed fast and frugal heuristics. Attention is given to both the strengths and weaknesses of heuristics.
Experiment of telecom/broadcasting mission using a high-altitude solar-powered aerial vehicle Pathfinder Plus (2003)

A series of telecommunication and broadcasting tests using a high-altitude platform in the stratosphere at an altitude of 20 km was carried out on the Hawaiian island of Kauai in June-July 2002. For the high-altitude platform, we used a NASA solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), Pathfinder Plus. The tests were successfully completed, and the first in the world. This paper provides the configuration of the tests and reports some of their results.
Dynamic model of a gyroscopic wheel (2002)

We develop a dynamic model of a gyroscopic wheel, an important component of Gyrover, a single-wheel robot developed at Carnegie Mellon University. The Gyrover robot consists of a single wheel, and is actuated through a spinning flywheel attached through a two-link manipulator at the wheel bearing. The flywheel can be tilted to achieve steering, and can be driven forwards and backwards to accelerate the robot. This paper focuses on developing a 3D model of the wheel part of the Gyrover. We first describe the Gyrover robot. We then develop the dynamic model of the wheel through the Lagrangian constrained generalized formulation. Finally, we implement the resulting equations of motion and present simulation results for the unactuated Gyrover in the different gravitational environments of Earth, the Moon, and Mars.
A Comprehensive LVRT Control Strategy for DFIG Wind Turbines With Enhanced Reactive Power Support (2013)

<?Pub Dtl=""?> The paper presents a new control strategy to enhance the ability of reactive power support of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine during serious voltage dips. The proposed strategy is an advanced low voltage ride through (LVRT) control scheme, with which a part of the captured wind energy during grid faults is stored temporarily in the rotor's inertia energy and the remaining energy is available to the grid while the DC-link voltage and rotor current are kept below the dangerous levels. After grid fault clearance, the control strategy ensures smooth release of the rotor's excessive inertia energy into the grid. Based on these designs, the DFIG's reactive power capacity on the stator and the grid side converter is handled carefully to satisfy the new grid code requirements strictly. Simulation studies are presented and discussed.