gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protease-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Substrate Mimetics (Inverse Substrates):  A New Approach Reveals a New Mechanism<sup>,</sup> (1999)

Contrary to common protease substrates, the hydrolysis of 4-guanidinophenyl esters of the Boc-Xaa-OGp type by trypsin and trypsin-like proteases performs easily and independently of the structure and chirality of the acyl moiety. The hydrolysis of this new class of substrate mimetics, previously called inverse substrates, is enabled by the highly specific leaving group. However, the mechanism cannot be explained on the basis of the conventional binding model which defines the interactions between the protease and its substrate. Hydrolysis and aminolysis kinetics, protein-ligand docking, and molecular dynamics studies have been carried out in order to get insight into the catalytic mechanism which holds for these substrate mimetics. The experimental and theoretical results obtained for the serine protease trypsin suggest a novel extended kinetic model. It explains the hydrolysis of these types of protease substrates and accounts for the structural consequences for their aminolysis.
中華民國六十六、七年新編參考書選介﹝上﹞ (1979)

This is a classified and annotated list of 136 Chinese reference books published in Taiwan 1977 & 1978. Reprint of old works have been omitted except revised editions with more or less supplement for reference. Statistical reports issued by government departments and periodical reference materials are not included in this list.
Evaluation of Fibrin Glue in Rat Sciatic Nerve Repairs (1986)

Using the rat sciatic nerve model, we evaluated the merits of homologous fibrin glue in the repair of peripheral nerve transections as compared to standard epineural suture repairs. A total of four study groups were used, with 10 animals assigned to each group. In group I, the transected sciatic nerve was repaired with six interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures; in group II, only two interrupted sutures were used; in group III, a two-suture repair was reinforced with fibrin glue; and in group IV, only fibrin glue was used. All animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks, and histologic sections evaluated. When fibrin alone was used, dehiscence occurred in 80 percent of the animals, and as reinforcement of a two-suture repair, it only increased the inflammatory reaction.
[Blocking with double- stranded RNA of the expression of Hes5 in rat bone marrow-derived neural stem cells]. (2004)

dsRNA is capable of triggering RNA interference in neural stem cells, and at appropriate concentration, it may specifically and effectively knock down endogenous gene expression without sacrificing the viability of the cells.
Effects of mefloquine on cardiac contractility and electrical activity <i>in vivo</i>, in isolated cardiac preparations, and in single ventricular myocytes (2000)

1. To examine the possible cardiotoxicity of the antimalarial drug mefloquine, increasing doses (0.3 - 30 mg kg(-1)) were given i.v. to anaesthetized guinea-pigs. Mefloquine did not alter ECG intervals significantly but gradually increased systolic blood pressure (at 3 mg kg(-1)) then had a depressor effect (at 10 mg kg(-1)). Death due to profound hypotension, probably resulting from cardiac contractile failure or AV block, occurred after either 10 mg kg(-1) (2/6) or 30 mg kg(-1) (4/6) mefloquine. 2. In isolated cardiac preparations mefloquine (3 - 100 microM) did not alter the effective refractory period but at the higher concentrations resting tension increased. Developed tension was reduced by 100 microM mefloquine in left atria (from 5.8+/-1.7 to 2.2+/-0.4 mN) whereas in papillary muscles although 30 microM mefloquine reduced developed tension (from 2. 6+/-0.5 to 1.1+/-0.1 mN) subsequent addition of 100 microM caused a marked, but not sustained, positive inotropic effect (from 1.2+/-0.1 to 3.8+/-0.8 mN). 3. In single ventricular myocytes, mefloquine (10 microM) shortened action potential duration (e.g. APD(90) from 285+/-29 to 141+/-12 ms) and reduced the amplitude of the systolic Ca(2+) transient. 4. These effects were accompanied by a decrease in the L-type Ca(2+) current. These results indicate that the main adverse effect of mefloquine on the heart is a negative inotropic action. This action can be explained by blockade of L-type Ca(2+) channels.
Reflectance of AlAs-GaAs and In0.28Ga0.72As-GaAs superlattices (1984)

Reflectance measurements are reported for In0.28Ga0.72As-GaAs and AlAs-GaAs superlattices over the wavelength range 300–500 nm. Superlattice layer thicknesses ranged from 46 to 368 Å for the In0.28Ga0.72As-GaAs film samples and from 77 to 612 Å for the AlAs-GaAs specimens. Peaks corresponding to the E1 and E1+Δ1 transitions of GaAs are present in all of the AlAs-GaAs spectra. Size quantization is found to have little effect on the energy positions of these peaks because of the large effective mass and parallel curvature of the conduction band near the L valleys in this semiconductor. The AlAs E1 transition, observed previously in electroreflectance studies, also appears in the AlAs-GaAs superlattice reflectance and increases in energy as the superlattice layer thickness decreases. The In0.28Ga0.72As-GaAs reflectance spectra for superlattice layer thicknesses less than 150 Å contain peaks similar to the E1 and E1+Δ1 transitions for In0.28Ga0.72As and GaAs. The lower energy peak occurs around 2.8 eV, which is intermediate between the E1 transitions for In0.28Ga0.72As (2.67 eV) and GaAs (2.92 eV). Similarly, the higher energy peak at 3.03 eV falls between the E1+Δ1 peaks for In0.28Ga0.72As (2.90 eV) and GaAs (3.14 eV). For superlattice layer thicknesses greater than 150 Å, a third peak appears near the In0.28Ga0.72As E1+Δ1 transition.
Laser Action in Rare Earth Chelates (1965)

A review of the work on chelate lasers is presented with emphasis on the chemistry of the chelates, the spectroscopic properties of these compounds, and the properties of the laser. The discussion of the chemistry centers about the coordination found in these compounds and the species present in solution. The spectroscopic properties of the various species are compared from the point of view of achieving laser action. The kinetics of the fluorescence is discussed and the calculation of the threshold for laser action is given. Finally the characteristics of the laser output are described for different cavity geometries.
Reactive Power Optimization Based on Immune Genetic Algorithm (2011)

A modified immune genetic algorithm for power system reactive power optimization is presented. Immune factor has been added to the basic genetic algorithm, which can effectively speed up the convergence. By using the concept of entropy and the expectation of antibody in the selection operation, the algorithm can ensure the population diversity and reduce the possibility of falling into local optimum. The algorithm also uses adaptive crossover rate, mutation rate and the strategy of saving the best individual to accelerate the calculation speed meanwhile maintaining strong local search ability. Finally, the standard IEEE30 bus system simulation results show that the algorithm's accuracy and convergence are better than genetic algorithm.
Overexpression of bacterial ethylene-forming enzyme gene in <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> enhanced the production of ethylene (2010)

In order to efficiently utilize natural cellulose materials to produce ethylene, three expression vectors containing the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) gene from Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea were constructed. The target gene was respectively controlled by different promoters: cbh I promoter from Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolases I gene, gpd promoter from Aspergillus nidulans glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene and pgk I promoter from T. reesei 3-phosphoglycerate kinase I gene. After transforming into T. reesei QM9414, 43 stable transformants were obtained by PCR amplification and ethylene determination. Southern blot analysis of 14 transformants demonstrated that the efe gene was integrated into chromosomal DNA with copy numbers from 1 to 4. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of 6 transformants showed that the heterologous gene was transcribed. By using wheat straw as a carbon source, the ethylene production rates of aforementioned 14 transformants were measured. Transformant C30-3 with pgk I promoter had the highest ethylene production (4,012 nl h(-1) l(-1)). This indicates that agricultural wastes could be used to produce ethylene in recombinant filamentous fungus T. reesei.
Performance analysis of data packet discarding in ATM networks (1999)

Data performance in ATM networks should be measured on the packet level instead of the cell level, since one or more cell losses within each packet is equivalent to the loss of the packet itself. Two packet-level control schemes, packet tail discarding and early packet discarding, were proposed to improve data performance. In this paper, a new stochastic modeling technique is developed for performance evaluation of two existing packet-discarding schemes at a single bottleneck node. We assume that the data arrival process is independent of the nodal congestion, which may represent the unspecified bit-rate traffic class in ATM networks, where no end-to-end feedback control mechanism is implemented. Through numerical study, we explore the effects of buffer capacity, control threshold, packet size, source access rate, underlying high-priority real-time traffic, and loading factor on data performance, and discuss their design tradeoffs. Our study shows that a network system can he entirely shut down in an overload period if no packet-discarding control scheme is implemented, under the assumption that there are no higher layer congestion avoidance schemes. Further, unless with sufficiently large buffer capacity, early packet discarding (EPD) always outperforms packet tail discarding (PTD) significantly under most renditions. Especially under the overload condition, EPD can always achieve about 100% goodput and 0% badput, whereas the PTD performance deteriorates rapidly. Among all the factors, the packet size has a dominant impact on EPD performance. The optimal selection of the EPD queue control threshold to achieve the maximum goodput is found to be relatively insensitive to traffic statistics.
Hybrid-Excited Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Machines With Iron Flux Bridges (2010)

Hybrid-excited machines utilize the synergies of permanent magnet (PM) and wound field machines. Flux-switching PM machines have emerged as an attractive machine type due to the fact that the excitation sources are located in the stator allowing a simple robust rotor whilst providing high torque density. This paper proposes topologies of hybrid-excited flux-switching PM machines incorporating iron flux bridges to enhance the effectiveness of the field coil excitation. A simple lumped parameter magnetic circuit model is developed to predict the effect of adjusting various parameters. Two-dimensional finite-element analysis has also been used to predict the machine performance, while a prototype machine has been built and tested to validate the predicted results.
Reactive deformation roadmaps: motion planning of multiple robots in dynamic environments (2007)

We present a novel algorithm for motion planning of multiple robots amongst dynamic obstacles. Our approach is based on a new roadmap representation that uses deformable links and dynamically retracts to capture the connectivity of the free space. We use Newtonian physics and Hooke's Law to update the position of the milestones and deform the links in response to the motion of other robots and the obstacles. Based on this roadmap representation, we describe our planning algorithms that can compute collision-free paths for tens of robots in complex dynamic environments.
Hybridization of native and chemically modified enzymes. II. Native and succinylated glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHybridization of native and chemically modified enzymes. II. Native and succinylated glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenaseE. A. Meighen and H. K. SchachmanCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 5, 1177–1184Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00807a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
cis,cis-Muconic acid: separation and catalysis to bio-adipic acid for nylon-6,6 polymerization (2016)

<italic>cis</italic>,<italic>cis</italic>-Muconic acid for downstream separation and catalytic upgrading to adipic acid for nylon-6,6 polymerization.
Ti-Doped VO<sub>2</sub> Films Grown on Glass Substrates by Excimer-Laser-Assisted Metal Organic Deposition Process (2011)

V 1- x Ti x O 2 films were prepared on glass substrates by excimer-laser-assisted metal organic deposition (ELAMOD) and thermal MOD processes. The VO 2 phase was successfully formed in the range of x = 0–0.35 at 300 °C in air using the ELAMOD process. This is a big advantage in terms of fabrication process for glass or organic substrates. It was also confirmed that dense films were obtained by preparing TiO 2 buffer layers on glass substrates. Furthermore, the detailed effect of Ti content in VO 2 films on metal–insulator (MI) transition properties was examined. As Ti content increased, the broadening of MI transition and the decreasing of the hysteresis width occurred. At x = 0.14, the hysteresis disappeared. The temperature coefficient of electrical resistance (TCR) value of the film ( x = 0.14) remained at approximately -3%/K from 300 to 340 K and was more than -4%/K from 340 to 350 K.
The Ordeal of Donald Boone (1970)

1Interested in diving medicine and experimental deep diving. In addition to practicing Family Medicine in New Orleans 2Member of this publication's Editorial Advisory Board, is Professor of Medicine and Dean of the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine at Tulane University in New Orleans
Reliability Analysis Method for the Lateral Dynamics Performance of the Speed-Increased Wagon (2009)

With the reliability analysis method,the lateral dynamics performance of the speed-increased wagons in the reliability test on the loop line was systematically studied.The failure evaluation on the lateral dynamics performance of the speed-increased wagons in the reliability test on the loop line was carried out by using evaluation technology of ground monitoring for the wagon's lateral dynamics performance based on Bayesian method.Reliability data in respect to the lateral dynamics performance of both the empty and loaded wagons were obtained.Since the reliability data of wagons featured with random truncation,few amount,small proportion of failure data,or without failure data and so on,the reliability data about the lateral dynamics performance of both the empty and loaded wagons were statistically analyzed by three-parameter Weibull distribution method respectively.The point estimation and fiducial limit estimation results of the reliability and the reliable life index were given.Results show that,when the fiducial degree is 90% and after 180 000 km operation of the speed-increased empty and loaded wagons,the lower limits for the reliability fiducial degree of the lateral dynamics performance is 0.770 and 0.861 respectively.When the reliability degree is 0.9,the lower limits for the reliable life of the lateral dynamics performance of the empty and loaded wagons is 60 000 km and 134,000 km respectively.
<i>BCL2</i> Family of Apoptosis-Related Genes: Functions and Clinical Implications in Cancer (2006)

One of the most effective ways to combat different types of cancer is through early diagnosis and administration of effective treatment, followed by efficient monitoring that will allow physicians to detect relapsing disease and treat it at the earliest possible time. Apoptosis, a normal physiological form of cell death, is critically involved in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of programmed cell death mechanisms plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer as well as in the responses of tumours to therapeutic interventions. Many members of the BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2; Bcl-2) family of apoptosis-related genes have been found to be differentially expressed in various malignancies, and some are useful prognostic cancer biomarkers. We have recently cloned a new member of this family, BCL2L12, which was found to be differentially expressed in many tumours. Most of the BCL2 family genes have been found to play a central regulatory role in apoptosis induction. Results have made it clear that a number of coordinating alterations in the BCL2 family of genes must occur to inhibit apoptosis and provoke carcinogenesis in a wide variety of cancers. However, more research is required to increase our understanding of the extent to which and the mechanisms by which they are involved in cancer development, providing the basis for earlier and more accurate cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic intervention that targets the apoptosis pathways. In the present review, we describe current knowledge of the function and molecular characteristics of a series of classic but also newly discovered genes of the BCL2 family as well as their implications in cancer development, prognosis and treatment.
VDD-Hopping Accelerator for On-Chip Power Supplies Achieving Nano-Second Order Transient Time (2005)

A V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> -hopping accelerator for on-chip power supply circuits is proposed and the effectiveness of the accelerator circuit is experimentally verified. The circuit enables nano-second order transient time in on-chip distributed power supply systems. The measured transition time is less than 5ns with load circuit equivalent to 25k logic gates in 0.18-mum CMOS. This is to be compared with the case without the accelerator of the order of mus and thus the acceleration by two orders of magnitude is achieved. Automatic generation of the timings in a self-aligned manner is also discussed
Fluorescent Labeling of (Oligo)Nucleotides by a New Fluoride Cleavable Linker Capable of Versatile Attachment Modes (2010)

The development of a fluoride cleavable linker 1 for reversibly labeling (oligo)nucleotides is described here. The linker allows different ways of chemical attachment of a reporter molecule, for example, click chemistry or amide formation. The versatile attachment modes of labels are demonstrated by derivatizations with pyrene and fluorescein. Besides the synthesis of the new linker, we also show the derivatization of iodobenzene as a model compound and a nucleoside to demonstrate the applicability. Further, cleavability studies in solution and on a solid-supported oligonucleotide are shown. The linker can be applied in the synthesis of reversible terminators, useful for new DNA sequencing technologies like cyclic reversibly terminating (CRT) sequencing.
Stabilising mannose using sodium dithionite at alkaline conditions (2019)

Abstract The kraft process remains the dominant chemical pulping process but still struggles with extensive hemicellulose degradation. Such degradation has previously been mitigated through the use of anthraquinone; but due to it recently being found to have carcinogenic properties, anthraquinone is now being phased out. One alternative, sodium dithionite, was initially investigated in the 1950s but was found to be unviable. The present study investigated whether sodium dithionite could be made viable through the use of different processing parameters, using mannose as a model compound and measuring the yield of mannitol in the various systems using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Alkalinity was found to be crucial; at pH 14 as well as pH 7, dithionite indeed proved unviable, but if pH was kept at either 8 or 10 significant reduction was seen to occur. The best results were obtained at pH 10 when a lower temperature (70°C) was used to compensate for alkaline degradation of the mannose reactant.
Pumilacidin, a complex of new antiviral antibiotics. Production, isolation, chemical properties, structure and biological activity. (1990)

New antibiotic pumilacidins A, B, C, D, E, F and G were isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Bacillus pumilus. They are cyclic acylheptapeptide composed of a beta-hydroxy fatty acid, two L-leucine, two D-leucine, L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid and L-isoleucine (or L-valine). Pumilacidin components were inhibitory to herpes simplex virus type 1 and H+, K(+)-ATPase and demonstrated antiulcer activity in rat.
Decreased galectin‐3 expression in prostate cancer (2000)

BACKGROUND Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding protein whose level of expression has been shown to be correlated with metastatic potential in a number of different tumor types. The purpose of this investigation was to examine galectin-3 expression in several tumorigenic and nontumorigenic prostate cell lines and prostate tissue samples. METHODS The expression of galectin-3 in cell lines and tissue samples was evaluated by tissue immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Human cell lines PC-3M, PC-3, DU-145, PrEC-1, and MCF10A demonstrated the presence of galectin-3. Galectin-3 was not detected in TSU-pr1 and LNCaP by Western blot analysis. We furthered our studies by examining a series of human prostate tissue samples for expression of galectin-3. Overall, approximately 60–70% of the normal tissue examined demonstrated heterogenous expression of galectin-3. In stage II tumors, however, there was a dramatic decrease in galectin-3 expression in both PIN and tumor sections, with only 10.5% (2/19) of these samples expressing this protein. Stage III tumors also demonstrated a decreased expression of galectin-3, although this downregulation was not as dramatic, with 35% of PIN samples and 52% of tumor tissue expressing galectin-3 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that galectin-3 is downregulated in prostate cancer. The altered downregulation pattern of galectin-3 observed between tumor stages suggests different roles for galectin-3 in the progression of prostate cancer. Prostate 44:118–123, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.