gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of geometric uncertainties on dose distribution during intensity modulated radiotherapy of head-and-neck cancer: the need for a planning target volume and a planning organ-at-risk volume. (2006)

We assessed the effect of geometric uncertainties on target coverage and on dose to the organs at risk (OARS) during intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head-and-neck cancer, and we estimated the required margins for the planning target volume (PTV) and the planning organ-at-risk volume (PRV). For eight head-and-neck cancer patients, we generated IMRT plans with localization uncertainty margins of 0 mm, 2.5 mm, and 5.0 mm. The beam intensities were then applied on repeat computed tomography (CT) scans obtained weekly during treatment, and dose distributions were recalculated.The dose-volume histogram analysis for the repeat ct scans showed that target coverage was adequate (V(100) >/= 95%) for only 12.5% of the gross tumour volumes, 54.3% of the upper-neck clinical target volumes (CTVS), and 27.4% of the lower-neck CTVS when no margins were added for PTV. The use of 2.5-mm and 5.0-mm margins significantly improved target coverage, but the mean dose to the contralateral parotid increased from 25.9 Gy to 29.2 Gy. Maximum dose to the spinal cord was above limit in 57.7%, 34.6%, and 15.4% of cases when 0-mm, 2.5-mm, and 5.0-mm margins (respectively) were used for prv.Significant deviations from the prescribed dose can occur during IMRT treatment delivery for head-and-neck cancer. The use of 2.5-mm to 5.0-mm margins for PTV and PRV greatly reduces the risk of underdosing targets and of overdosing the spinal cord.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF <i>TRYPANOSOMA</i> <i>TRANS</i>-SIALIDASE (1994)

Sialic acids and sialidases play important roles in cellular interactions and modulate the recognition of pathogenic microbes by mammalian host cells. Protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma express a unique sialic acid metabolizing enzyme. This enzyme, named trans-sialidase (TS), catalyzes the transfer of sialic acids from host glycoconjugates to acceptor molecules of the parasite plasma membrane. in African trypanosomes, the agents of sleeping sickness, TS is found only in forms developing within the insect vector, and the enzyme sialylates the major surface protein. in Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease in Central and South America, TS is expressed both in the insect and mammalian forms of the parasite. the T. cruzi enzyme has been biochemically characterized, and the gene encoding the enzyme has been cloned. the enzyme sialylates abundant mucin-like molecules present on the surface of the parasite. Several lines of evidence suggest that TS and sialic acid accepters on the surface of T. cruzi participate in host-parasite interactions and mediate the initial stages of the trypanosomes' invasion of host cells.
D2D Neighbor Discovery and Resource Scheduling through Demodulation Reference Signal (2016)

3GPP has recently accelerated the standardization process for Device-to-Device communications. Sidelink, which refers to the radio link between two user equipments (UEs), is a major update in 3GPP Release 12. In this paper, we will first introduce sidelink related structures and procedures in Release 12. Based on basic LTE signaling schemes, we propose methods of using demodulation reference signal (DMRS), which is used as reference signal in both uplink and sidelink, for advance D2D neighbor discovery and resource scheduling of D2D transmissions. Our study shows that reference signal of normal LTE channels can be well exploited to facilitate the newly proposed sidelink communications.
Special Section: Strategic and Competitive Information Systems (1994)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsEric K. ClemonsEric K. Clemons is Professor of Operations and Information Management at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania His research and teaching interests include strategic information systems, the use of information systems in international securities markets, the impact of systems on consumer packaged goods distribution, and the impact of information technology on procurement and the use of interfirm markets for intermediate goods and services. He specializes both in assessing the competitive implications of information technology and in managing the risk of large-scale implementation efforts. In addition, Dr. Clemons is Project Director for the Reginald H. Jones Center's Sponsored Research Project on Information, Industry Structure, and Competitive Strategy.His education includes an S.B. in physics from MIT and an M.S. and Ph.D. in operations research from Cornell University. In addition to eighteen years on the faculties of Wharton, Cornell, and Harvard, Dr. Clemons has professional experience as a consultant in both the private and public sectors, and in executive education both domestically and abroad.Dr. Clemons is currently a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Management Information Systems, Information & Management, and the Computing Practices section of the Communications of the ACM, and serves on the Quality of Markets Advisory Board of the London Stock Exchange. Recent publications include "Information Technology and Industrial Cooperation: The Changing Economics of Coordination and Ownership," "Managing the Risks of Large Scale Systems Projects: Why So Many Reengineering Projects Fail Unnecessarily," and "Evaluating Strategic Opportunities in Information Technology."Michael C. RowMichael C. Row is a Research Associate and Ph.D. candidate in Operations and Information Management at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Row also works with the Reginald H. Jones Center's Project in Information Systems, Telecommunications, and Business Strategy. His research interests include the impacts of information technology on business strategy, industry structure, and interorganizational relationships. Mr. Row's education includes a B.B.A. in accounting and computer science from the College of William and Mary, and an M.B.A. in strategic planning from The Wharton School. He has been a director of information systems at Management Analysis Center, Inc. and a senior analyst in the management information consulting division of Arthur Andersen & Company.
Studies in Silico-Organic Compounds: XVII. The Action of Bromine on Alkyl Thioethers of Silicon (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in Silico-Organic Compounds: XVII. The Action of Bromine on Alkyl Thioethers of SiliconLeon Wolinski, Howard Tieckelmann, and Howard W. PostCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 7, 1138–1142Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo50001a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo50001a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimizing multidimensional index trees for main memory access (2001)

Recent studies have shown that cache-conscious indexes such as the CSB+-tree outperform conventional main memory indexes such as the T-tree. The key idea of these cache-conscious indexes is to eliminate most of child pointers from a node to increase the fanout of the tree. When the node size is chosen in the order of the cache block size, this pointer elimination effectively reduces the tree height, and thus improves the cache behavior of the index. However, the pointer elimination cannot be directly applied to multidimensional index structures such as the R-tree, where the size of a key, typically, an MBR (minimum bounding rectangle), is much larger than that of a pointer. Simple elimination of four-byte pointers does not help much to pack more entries in a node. This paper proposes a cache-conscious version of the R-tree called the CR-tree. To pack more entries in a node, the CR-tree compresses MBR keys, which occupy almost 80% of index data in the two-dimensional case. It first represents the coordinates of an MBR key relatively to the lower left corner of its parent MBR to eliminate the leading O's from the relative coordinate representation. Then, it quantizes the relative coordinates with a fixed number of bits to further cut off the trailing less significant bits. Consequently, the CR-tree becomes significantly wider and smaller than the ordinary R-tree. Our experimental and analytical study shows that the two-dimensional CR-tree performs search up to 2.5 times faster than the ordinary R-tree while maintaining similar update performance and consuming about 60% less memory space.
Primary structure of murine major histocompatibility complex alloantigens: amino acid sequence of the amino-terminal one hundred and seventy-three residues of the H-2Kb glycoprotein (1980)

The amino-terminal 173 residues of the murine histocompatibility antigen H-2Kb have been assigned by using radiochemical methodology. The complete sequence of an 86 residue glycopeptide (CN-Ib), which is one of the five major CNBr fragments of Kb, was determined by analysis of peptides obtained from digests using thrombin and V8 staphylococcal protease. Complete sequences were obtained for the three large thrombic peptides, and these were aligned by using peptides from the V8 protease digest. Alignment of the CNBr fragments was carried out by using [35S]Met-labeled peptides from a tryptic digest of the papain-cleaved H-2Kb molecule. Positive identification was possible for all the common amino acids except Asp (Asp) which was indirectly assigned and which is designated in italics. The sequence obtained in our studies was Gly-Pro-His-Ser-Leu-Arg-Tyr-Phe-Val-Thr-Ala-Val-Ser-Arg-Pro-Gly-Leu-Gly-Glu-Pro-Arg-Tyr-Met-Glu-Val-Gly-Tyr-Val-Asp-Asp-Thr-Glu-Phe-Val-Arg-Phe-Asp-Ser-Asp-Ala-Glu-Asn-Pro-Arg-Tyr-Glu-Pro-Arg-Ala-Arg-Trp-Met-Glu-Gln-Glu-Gly-Pro-Glu-Tyr-Trp-Glu-Arg-Glu-Thr-Gln-Lys-Ala-Lys-Gly-Asn-Glu-Gln-Ser-Phe-Arg-Val-Asp-Leu-Arg-Thr-Leu-Leu-Gly-Tyr-Tyr-(Asn)-Gln-Ser-Lys-Gly-Gly-Ser-His-Thr-Ile-Gln-Val-Ile-Ser-Gly-Cys-Glu-Val-Gly-Ser-Asp-Gly-Arg-Leu-Leu-Arg-Gly-Tyr-Gln-Gln-Tyr-Ala-Tyr-Asp-Gly-Cys-Asp-Tyr-Ile-Ala-Leu-Asn-Glu-Asp-Leu-Lys-Thr-Trp-Thr-Ala-Ala-Asp-Met-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ile-Thr-Lys-His-Lys-Trp-Glu-Gln-Ala-Gly-Glu-Ala-Glu-Arg-Leu-Arg-Ala-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Thr-Cys-Val-Glu-Trp-Leu-Arg-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Lys. These data represent the longest reported amino acid sequence determined by utilizing radiochemical methodology and provide the first extensive information on the primary structure of murine histocompatibility antigens.
A multi-commodity flow based approach to virtual network resource allocation (2004)

The virtual network (VN) concept has been studied as a useful mean in supporting rapid service creation and deployment. This paper proposes a scheme for allocating resources to VNs with the objective of maximizing the number of VNs that can be accommodated into a network. In our scheme, resources are pre-allocated for each pair of edge nodes, using the solution to the multi-commodity flow problem. A VN creation request consists of a set of edge node pairs and the bandwidth requirements between each pair. A request is satisfied or accepted by utilizing the pre-allocated resource and possibly the residual resource pool after pre-allocation. Extensive simulation studies show that the proposed scheme accepts more VN requests and yields better network resource utilization over traditional approaches. Service providers may potentially boost revenue by a simple switch to a more intelligent resource allocation scheme.
Polymer Insert Stress in Total Knee Designs During High-Flexion Activities: A Finite Element Study (2005)

Corresponding author: A. Seth Greenwald, D.Phil.(Oxon) Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Lutheran Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Health System, 1730 West 25th Street, Cleveland, OH 44113. E-mail address: [email protected]
In vitro Detection of Somatostatin Receptors in Human Tumors (1993)

Somatostatin receptors (SS-R) have been identified in membrane homogenates or tissue sections from several hundred human tumors. SS-R have been found in most neuroendocrine tumors, i.e. GH- and TSH-producing pituitary tumors, endocrine gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tumors, paragangliomas, pheochromocytomas, medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) and small cell lung carcinomas. SS-R have also been found in the majority of malignant lymphomas, in several brain tumors (all meningiomas, most astrocytomas) and in breast tumors. The majority of tumors expressing SS-R are rather differentiated, e.g. astrocytomas in contrast to glioblastomas, but exceptions exist such as high grade malignant lymphomas. An inverse relationship exists between SS-R and receptors for epidermal growth factor in lung tumors, glial tumors and most breast tumors, whereas meningiomas express both receptors simultaneously. A minority of tumors such as ovarian tumors, MTC and insulinomas, express a subtype of SS-R, characterized by low affinity for the octapeptide SS analog octreotide. The function of SS-R in human tumors differs according to tumor type, SS-R in pituitary and GEP tumors mediate hormone secretion inhibition, and have possibly some antiproliferative effects. In meningiomas, however, activation of SS-R inhibits forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, and weakly stimulates proliferation. Although SS-R seem to mediate antiproliferative effects in animal models and cell lines of lymphomas, breast and lung tumors, such an effect has not yet been convincingly documented in human primary tumors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Reevaluation of B-Lymphocyte Levels in Peripheral Blood From Cancer Patients<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1978)

B-lymphocytes were quantitated in mononuclear cell suspensions derived from the peripheral blood of patients with various nonlymphoreticular cancers. The method used was anti-IgM and anti-IgD membrane immunofluorescence. The mean percentage of circulating B-lymphocytes in 78 cancer patients tested was 5.3 +/- 4.6 with a range of 0--18%. Those values were compared with a mean of 9.4 +/- 4.0 and a range of 3--20% for 46 apparently normal individuals. The difference was highly significant (P less than or equal to 0.001). The mean percentage of B-cells in cell suspensions from 43 patients that were tested prior to treatment was 5.8 +/- 4.8 with a range of 0--18%. Very low values were observed both in the presence and absence of therapy, and a correlation with stage of disease could not be established. The low values were associated with decreased T-cell numbers and significantly increased monocyte levels. The fact that those values were significantly lower than have been reported previously for cancer patients was discussed as was the identity of the cells that previously had been counted as B-lymphocytes.
New perspectives for citric acid production and application (2006)

There is a great worldwide demand for citric acid consumption due to its low toxicity when compared with other acidulants used mainly in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Other applications of citric acid can be found in detergents and cleaning products, cosmetics and toiletries, and other. Global production has now reached 1.4 million tonnes and there is annual growth of 3.5–4.0 % in demand/consumption of citric acid. As a result of the adverse market conditions, only big producers have survived. Any increase in citric acid productivity would be of potential interest and hence there is an obvious need to consider all possible ways in which this might be achieved. The production by submerged fermentation is still dominating. However, solid-state processes can create new possibilities for producers. Many by-products and residues of the agro-industry can be used in the production of citric acid. A cost reduction in citric acid production can be achieved by using less expensive substrates. The use of agro-industrial residues as support in solid-state fermentation is economically important and minimizes environmental problems. Other perspectives for citric acid production sector are the improvement of citric acid producing strains, which have been carried out by mutagenesis and selection.
Basic principles, applications in oncology and improved selectivity of photodynamic therapy. (2003)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach for the treatment of superficially localized tumors. This review starts with a summary of the basic principles of PDT, in which the current practice, the photochemical mechanisms, cellular and subcellular targets, as well as the most prominent photosensitizers are discussed. Next, the clinical results obtained with PDT for the treatment of a variety of tumor types are outlined. Unfortunately, most of these studies revealed a lack of tumor selectivity of the photosensitizers, which resulted in prolonged skin photosensitivity and severe normal tissue toxicity. The last section of this review, therefore, focuses on novel strategies designed to improve the tumor selectivity of photosensitizers.
Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Pulsed Inductively Coupled Plasmas for Deposition of Thin Polyethylene Glycol-like Polymer Films. (2001)

In this work we characterize pulsed inductively coupled of plasmas of two organic precursor molecules, isopropyl alcohol and 1, 4 dioxane using Langmuir probes and in-situ mass spectrometry. We identify the key ionized species diffusing to the substrate and offer an explanation as to how they are generated. We also analyze the deposited films using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and suggest a correlation between the measured plasma ion mass distributions and chemical bonding character of the deposit. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop predictable models for PECVD processes for thin polymer films with functionalized surfaces.
Mechanisms of greater cardiomyocyte functions on conductive nanoengineered composites for cardiovascular application (2012)

This study demonstrates that cardiomyocyte function was enhanced on 50:50 PLGA to CNF (wt%:wt%) composite ratios at 0.025 g/mL PLGA densities because they mimicked native heart tissue tensile strength/conductivity and increased the adsorption of proteins known to promote cardiomyocyte function.
ChemInform Abstract: Gas Atomization of Cu‐Modified AB<sub>5</sub> Metal Hydride Alloys. (2011)

Abstract In addition to extending the cycle life of Cu‐containing metal hydride electrodes, processing by gas atomization with additional hydrogen annealing improves high‐rate, low‐temperature, and charge retention performance for both Cu‐free and Cu‐containing AB 5 alloy electrodes in Ni/metal hydride batteries.
A generalized model for the yield behavior of epoxy networks in multiaxial stress states (1997)

Several yield criteria for glassy polymers are reviewed, and their limitations in predicting the effects of stress state, strain rate, test temperature, and molecular architecture are noted. These criteria are then generalized, so that a working model can be developed for predicting the yield response of glassy networks subjected to a multiaxial state of stress. To form the model, we summarize the phenomenological yield and fracture response of amine cured epoxies. In stress states ranging from uniaxial compression to biaxial tension, the yield response of these glassy networks follows a modified von Mises criterion (τyoct = τyooct - μσm), when tested at a constant temperature and octahedral shear strain rate, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \gamma $end\{document}oct. Furthermore, changes in \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \gamma $end\{document}oct and molecular weight between crosslinks, Mc, affect τyooct only, and μ remains unchanged. This was shown to be true for a broad range of Mc (380 to 1790 g/mol). Additional results are included to illustrate the effects of temperature and strain rate on yield response. These results show that the yield behavior of epoxy resins is best described by a thermally activated process, similar to an Eyring type process. Finally, we extend the model to include intrinsic properties of the resin (e.g., Mc, ϕ, and Tg) and compare the model's predictions with experimental results. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1611–1619, 1997
Mechanisms of transcriptional activation by steroid hormone receptors (1993)

Steroid hormones are involved in cell growth, development, and differentiation. The hormonal signal is mediated by nuclear receptors which represent a specific class of transcription factors. During the last few years, the cloning of all the major steroid hormone receptors increased our insight into how the hormonal signal converts the receptor into a transcriptional activator. Good progress has been made towards understanding the mechanism of steroid hormone action. In this review we will discuss the role of heat shock proteins in the process of transcriptional activation, the mechanistic differences between the hormone (agonist) and the antihormone (antagonist), the resulting functional consequences, and a possible mode by which transcriptional activation is mediated.
Introduction to Robotics: Analysis, Control, Applications (2011)

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Companion Website -- Chapter 1 Fundamentals -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 What Is a Robot? -- 1.3 Classification of Robots -- 1.4 What Is Robotics? -- 1.5 History of Robotics -- 1.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots -- 1.7 Robot Components -- 1.8 Robot Degrees of Freedom -- 1.9 Robot Joints -- 1.10 Robot Coordinates -- 1.11 Robot Reference Frames -- 1.12 Programming Modes -- 1.13 Robot Characteristics -- 1.14 Robot Workspace -- 1.15 Robot Languages -- 1.16 Robot Applications -- 1.17 Other Robots and Applications -- 1.18 Collaborative Robots -- 1.19 Social Issues -- 1.20 Summary -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 2 Kinematics of Serial Robots: Position Analysis -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Robots as Mechanisms -- 2.3 Conventions -- 2.4 Matrix Representation -- 2.4.1 Representation of a Point in Space -- 2.4.2 Representation of a Vector in Space -- 2.4.3 Representation of a Frame at the Origin of a Fixed-Reference Frame -- 2.4.4 Representation of a Frame Relative to a Fixed Reference Frame -- 2.4.5 Representation of a Rigid Body -- 2.5 Homogeneous Transformation Matrices -- 2.6 Representation of Transformations -- 2.6.1 Representation of a Pure Translation -- 2.6.2 Representation of a Pure Rotation about an Axis -- 2.6.3 Representation of Combined Transformations -- 2.6.4 Transformations Relative to the Current (Moving) Frame -- 2.6.5 Mixed Transformations Relative to Rotating and Reference Frames -- 2.7 Inverse of Transformation Matrices -- 2.8 Forward and Inverse Kinematics of Robots -- 2.9 Forward and Inverse Kinematic Equations: Position -- 2.9.1 Cartesian (Gantry, Rectangular) Coordinates -- 2.9.2 Cylindrical Coordinates -- 2.9.3 Spherical Coordinates -- 2.9.4 Articulated Coordinates -- 2.10 Forward and Inverse Kinematic Equations: Orientation