gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical behavior of sheets prepared from sugar beet cellulose microfibrils (1997)

The mechanical behavior of films cast from sugar beet cellulose microfibrils was investigated through tensile tests. The obtaining of these microfibrils by chemical and mechanical treatments from the raw beet pulp is described. Depending on their purification level, individualization state, and moisture content, differences in tensile modulus are observed. It is found that pectins act as a binder between the cellulose microfibrils, which tends to increase the Young's modulus in dry atmosphere and to decrease it in moist conditions. The extraction of the cellulose microfibrils from the sugar beet cell wall and the obtainment of microfibril suspensions with partial individualization of the microfibrils by a mechanical treatment lead to the formation of a network of cellulose microfibrils within the film, which in turn increases the tensile modulus. Furthermore, the effect of the remaining pectins is compared with the effect of pectins previously removed and added to completely purified cellulosic microfibrils. As expected, once removed and so partly degraded, those pectins have nearly no influence on the mechanical properties. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1185–1194, 1997
Structurally diverse manganese(III) Schiff base complexes: chains, dimers, and cages (1989)

Manganese(III) forms a rich variety of complexes with the dianion of the Schiff base ligand N,N???-disalicylidene-2-hydroxypropylenediamine (2-OH-SALPN) and its ring-substituted derivatives. Single crystals of [Mn(2-OH-SALPN)OAc] n (1) are isolated when manganese(III) acetate is reacted with 2-OH-SALPN, in DMF. This infinite chain shows an anti-anti configuration for the bridging acetates. When 1 is dissolved in methanol and 1 equiv of NaOH is added, a dinuclear [Mn III 2(2-OH-SALPN) 2(CH 3OH)]??CH 3OH complex, 3, is isolated. X-ray analysis of crystals of the 5-chloro-2-OH-SALPN derivative 4 show this compound to be a monoalkoxy-bridged species with the longest Mn(III)-Mn(III) separation (3.808 A) yet observed for a discrete single-atom-bridged dimer. If NaOMe is used as a base rather than NaOH, the first example of a totally encapsulated tetrakis(phenolato)-bis(acetato)-caged sodium cation, 5, is isolated. Two Mn III(2-OH-SALPN) units are linked by this sodium ion, forming a bimetallic, trinuclear cluster. The variable-temperature magnetic behavior of these materials shows that spin exchange between the manganese ions is weak or nonexistent [1, J = -1.72 cm -1 and g = 1.97; 4, J = -3.55 cm -1 and g = 1.95; 5, follows Curie-Weiss law behavior with no evident spin exchange between Mn(III) ions (g ??? = 2.00, g ??? = 2.05, D = -6.13 cm -1)]. X-ray crystallographic parameters: 1, C 19H 19N 2O 5Mn, mol wt 410.3, orthorhombic crystal system (Pnma), a = 6.528 (4) A, b = 16.827 (6) A, c= 16.754 (6) A, V = 1840 (1) A 3, Z = 4, 2054 data collected with 0?? &lt; 2?? &lt; 50??, 1180 data with I &gt; 3??(I), R = 0.057, R w = 0.057; 4, C 36H 34N 4O 8Mn 2Cl 4, mol wt 900, monoclinic crystal system (P2 1/c), a = 10.944 (2) A, b = 23.275 (5) A, c = 16.047 (2) A, ?? = 99.29 (1)??, V = 4034 (1) A 3, Z = 4, 5315 data collected with 0?? &lt; 2?? &lt; 45??, 3247 data with I &gt; 2??(I), R = 0.057, R w = 0.045; 5, C 44H 55N 4O 18Mn 2Na, mol wt 1060, triclinic crystal system (P1), a = 9.434 (5) A, b = 10.436 (4) A, c = 12.758 (8) A, ?? = 94.42 (4)??, ?? = 105.50 (4)??, ?? = 91.50 (4)??, V = 1205 (1) A 3, Z = 1, 3174 data collected with 0?? &lt; 2?? &lt; 45??, 2445 data with I &gt; 3??(I), R = 0.068, R w = 0.068.
Physical and Kinetic Properties of the Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-specific Glutamate Dehydrogenase Purified from <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> (1978)

The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (l-glutamate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.4.1.2) of Chlorella sorokiniana was purified 1,000-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity. The native enzyme was shown to have a molecular weight of 180,000 and to be composed of four identical subunits with a molecular weight of 45,000. The N-terminal amino acid was determined to be lysine. The pH optima for the aminating and deaminating reactions were approximately 8 and 9, respectively. The K(m) values for alpha-ketoglutarate, NADH, NH(4) (+), NAD(+), and l-glutamate were 2 mm, 0.15 mm, 40 mm, 0.15 mm, and 60 mm, respectively. Whereas the K(m) for alpha-ketoglutarate and l-glutamate increased 10-fold, 1 pH unit above or below the pH optima for the aminating or deaminating reactions, respectively, the K(m) values for NADH and NAD(+) were independent of change in pH from 7 to 9.6. By initial velocity, product inhibition, and equilibrium substrate exchange studies, the kinetic mechanism of enzyme was shown to be consistent with a bi uni uni uni ping-pong addition sequence. Although this kinetic mechanism differs from that reported for any other glutamate dehydrogenase, the chemical mechanism still appears to involve the formation of a Schiff base between alpha-ketoglutarate and an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue in the enzyme. The physical, chemical, and kinetic properties of this enzyme differ greatly from those reported for the NH(4) (+)-inducible glutamate dehydrogenase in this organism.
Successful treatment of a prolactin-producing pituitary macroadenoma with intravaginal bromocriptine mesylate: a novel approach to intolerance of oral therapy. (1989)

A 37-year-old woman with a symptomatic 18-mm prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma could not be managed with oral bromocriptine mesylate because of unacceptable gastrointestinal side effects. However, when given the medication intravaginally, the patient was successfully treated as assessed by evident tumor shrinkage and diminished secretory activity. Serum bromocriptine levels were approximately six to eight times higher than those reported after oral administration. The vaginal route may help reduce some of the adverse effects of bromocriptine mesylate experienced during oral administration and may possibly allow lowering of the overall effective dose by avoiding first liver passage.
Factors Affecting the Quantity of Residual Albumen in Eggs (1970)

INTRODUCTION WITH the tremendous increase in the production of liquid, frozen and dried eggs, yield obtained on breaking eggs has become an extremely important factor. Yield is also important in the production of new egg products, which are becoming increasingly popular. Consumers are also concerned about the amount of albumen that sticks to the inner shell membrane. If only one percent of the internal egg content is left in all eggs in the form of albumen, the loss would amount to over 15 million dollars a year. Even though the amount of albumen left in the shells is of rather extreme economic importance, very little is known about the subject. A review of literature revealed very little research reported on residual albumen. Cotterill (1969) reported that adhering white can amount to three and one-half percent of the weight of the egg. The purpose of this research was to study the…
Carma1, a CARD‐containing binding partner of Bcl10, induces Bcl10 phosphorylation and NF‐κB activation<sup>1</sup> (2001)

Bcl10, a caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing protein identified from a breakpoint in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) B lymphomas, is essential for antigen-receptor-mediated nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in lymphocytes. We have identified a novel CARD-containing protein and interaction partner of Bcl10, named Carma1. Carma1 is predominantly expressed in lymphocytes and represents a new member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase family. Carma1 binds Bcl10 via its CARD motif and induces translocation of Bcl10 from the cytoplasm into perinuclear structures. Moreover, expression of Carma1 induces phosphorylation of Bcl10 and activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. We propose that Carma1 is a crucial component of a novel Bcl10-dependent signaling pathway in T-cells that leads to the activation of NF-kappaB.
Human γ enolase: Isolation of a cDNA clone and expression in normal and tumor tissues of human origin (1988)

We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone encoding the human gamma enolase. Comparison of our cDNA sequence and the rat gamma enolase sequence revealed 97% homology at the level of amino acid sequence. The two coding regions were 91% homologous on the nucleotide level, whereas the 3' noncoding regions were much less homologous (32%). Further comparison of our cDNA sequence with the human alpha enolase revealed an 82% homology at the amino acid level and a 75% homology at the nucleotide level for the two coding regions, whereas the 3' nontranslated regions were only 30% homologous. Using a portion of the 3' nontranslated region of our cDNA, shown to be specific for human gamma enolase, a single 2.5 kb mRNA was detected in human brain tissue. This same gamma enolase message was also found in a number of human normal nonneuronal tissues, and in several human tumor-derived cell lines. Expression of the mRNA for the gamma enolase subunit should thus be used with caution when identifying the cells of neuronal or neuroendocrine origin.
Accuracy of pen injectors versus insulin syringes in children with type 1 diabetes. (1999)

Pen devices are more accurate than insulin syringes in measuring out insulin at low insulin doses. The accuracy of insulin syringes improves when higher doses of regular insulin are measured out and becomes comparable to pen devices.
Recognition of Handwriting from Electromyography (2009)

Handwriting--one of the most important developments in human culture--is also a methodological tool in several scientific disciplines, most importantly handwriting recognition methods, graphology and medical diagnostics. Previous studies have relied largely on the analyses of handwritten traces or kinematic analysis of handwriting; whereas electromyographic (EMG) signals associated with handwriting have received little attention. Here we show for the first time, a method in which EMG signals generated by hand and forearm muscles during handwriting activity are reliably translated into both algorithm-generated handwriting traces and font characters using decoding algorithms. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of recreating handwriting solely from EMG signals - the finding that can be utilized in computer peripherals and myoelectric prosthetic devices. Moreover, this approach may provide a rapid and sensitive method for diagnosing a variety of neurogenerative diseases before other symptoms become clear.
The epidemiology and typing of Clostridium difficile (1998)

Clostridium difficile is normally a harmless environmental bacterium but, under certain circumstances, it can cause hospital outbreaks of disease. To understand the disease epidemiology, outbreaks have been investigated by many different methods. The phenotypic and genotypic approaches to typing are reviewed here and the epidemiology of C. difficile-associated disease is elucidated in light of recent information.
Conservation of intron and intein insertion sites: implications for life histories of parasitic genetic elements (2009)

These findings demonstrate that inteins and group I introns are found preferentially in conserved regions of their respective host proteins. Homing endonucleases are often located within inteins and group I introns and these may facilitate mobility to conserved regions. Insertion at these conserved positions decreases the chance of elimination, and slows deletion of the elements, since removal of the elements has to be precise as not to disrupt the function of the protein. Furthermore, functional constrains on the targeted site make it more difficult for hosts to evolve immunity to the homing endonuclease. Therefore, these elements will better survive and propagate as molecular parasites in conserved sites. In contrast, spliceosomal introns and group II introns do not show significant preference for conserved sites and appear to have adopted a different strategy to evade loss.
Object class detection (2013)

Object class detection, also known as category-level object detection, has become one of the most focused areas in computer vision in the new century. This article attempts to provide a comprehensive survey of the recent technical achievements in this area of research. More than 270 major publications are included in this survey covering different aspects of the research, which include: (i) problem description: key tasks and challenges; (ii) core techniques: appearance modeling, localization strategies, and supervised classification methods; (iii) evaluation issues: approaches, metrics, standard datasets, and state-of-the-art results; and (iv) new development: particularly new approaches and applications motivated by the recent boom of social images. Finally, in retrospect of what has been achieved so far, the survey also discusses what the future may hold for object class detection research.
<title>Prototype for SONTRAC: a scintillating plastic fiber detector for solar neutron spectroscopy</title> (1997)

We report the scientific motivation for and performance measurements of a prototype detector system for SONTRAC, a solar neutron tracking experiment designed to study high- energy solar flare processes. The full SONTRAC instrument will measure the energy and direction of 20 to 200 MeV neutrons by imaging the ionization tracks of the recoil protons in a densely packed bundle of scintillating plastic fibers. The prototype detector consists of a 12.7 mm square bundle of 250 micrometer scintillating plastic fibers, 10 cm long. A photomultiplier detects scintillation light from one end of the fiber bundle and provides a detection trigger to an image intensifier/CCD camera system at the opposite end. The image of the scintillation light is recorded. By tracking the recoil protons from individual neutrons the kinematics of the scattering are determined, providing a high signal to noise measurement. The predicted energy resolution is 10% at 20 MeV, improving with energy. This energy resolution translates into an uncertainty in the production time of the neutron at the Sun of 30 s for a 20 MeV neutron, also improving with energy. A SONTRAC instrument will also be capable of detecting and measuring high-energy gamma rays greater than 20 MeV as a 'solid-state spark chamber.' The self-triggering and track imaging features of the prototype are demonstrated with cosmic ray muons and 14 MeV neutrons. Design considerations for a space flight instrument are presented.
Hydroxyaminocarboxylic Acids Produce Superior Formulations for Matrix Stimulation of Carbonates (2001)

Abstract In this paper, we will describe the development and testing of hydroxyaminocarboxylic acid chelating agents (HACA) as components of matrix acidizing formulations for stimulating carbonate formations. The pioneering work of Fredd and Fogler1 demonstrated that organic acids and chelating agents have unique attributes that lend themselves to efficient production of wormholes in many acidizing situations. We have applied the techniques for determining transport and reaction kinetics to stimulation fluids containing the hydroxy amino chelating agents. Linear core flood tests were used to study wormhole formation. Rotating disk tests with marble samples were employed to elucidate the kinetics and mechanisms of the dissolution processes over a temperature range of 20 °C to &gt; 100 °C (65 to &gt;200 °F). Both HACA chemicals studied, that is, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA) and hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid (HEIDA) produced wormholes in limestone cores when tested at 150 °F. However the efficiency and capacities differ. Because these chemicals have high solubility in the acidic pH range, it was possible to test acidic (&lt; pH 3.5) formulations. These solutions have properties of both mineral acids and complexing agents. The rotating disk tests allowed us to measure the diffusion coefficients as well as the surface reaction rate coefficients, at different temperatures. These parameters were used to determine the efficiency of wormhole formation as a function of temperature, by an overall reaction rate vs. pump rate relationship; i.e., the Damköhler number.
Chemical basis of instability of shale-derived middle distillate fuels: a model study of the interactive effects between 2,5-dimethylpyrrole and 3-methylindole with sulfonic and carboxylic acids (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical basis of instability of shale-derived middle distillate fuels: a model study of the interactive effects between 2,5-dimethylpyrrole and 3-methylindole with sulfonic and carboxylic acidsGeorge W. Mushrush, Erna J. Beal, Robert N. Hazlett, and Dennis R. HardyCite this: Energy Fuels 1991, 5, 5, 749–753Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00029a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00029a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Enzymatically Activated Fluorescence Probe for Targeted Tumor Imaging (2007)

Beta-galactosidase is a widely used reporter enzyme, but although several substrates are available for in vitro detection, its application for in vivo optical imaging remains a challenge. To obtain a probe suitable for in vivo use, we modified our previously developed activatable fluorescence probe, TG-betaGal (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 4888-4894), on the basis of photochemical and photophysical experiments. The new probe, AM-TG-betaGal, provides a dramatic fluorescence enhancement upon reaction with beta-galactosidase, and further hydrolysis of the ester moiety by ubiquitous intracellular esterases affords a hydrophilic product that is well retained within the cells without loss of fluorescence. We used a mouse tumor model to assess the practical utility of AM-TG-betaGal, after confirming that tumors in the model could be labeled with an avidin-beta-galactosidase conjugate. This conjugate was administered to the mice in vivo, followed by AM-TG-betaGal, and subsequent ex vivo fluorescence imaging clearly visualized intraperitoneal tumors as small as 200 microm. This strategy has potential clinical application, for example, in video-assisted laparoscopic tumor resection.
Coupling of Asymmetric Division to Polar Placement of Replication Origin Regions in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2001)

Entry into sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is characterized by the formation of a polar septum, which asymmetrically divides the developing cell into forespore (the smaller cell) and mother cell compartments, and by migration of replication origin regions to extreme opposite poles of the cell. Here we show that polar septation is closely correlated with movement of replication origins to the extreme poles of the cell. Replication origin regions were visualized by the use of a cassette of tandem copies of lacO that had been inserted in the chromosome near the origin of replication and decorated with green fluorescent protein-LacI. The results showed that extreme polar placement of replication origin regions is not under sporulation control and occurred in stationary phase under conditions under which entry into sporulation was prevented. On the other hand, the formation of a polar septum, which is under sporulation control, was almost invariably associated with the presence of a replication origin region in the forespore. Moreover, cells in which the polar placement of origin regions was perturbed by deletion of the gene (smc) for the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein were impaired in polar division. A small proportion ( approximately 1%) of the mutant cells were able to undergo asymmetric division, but the forespore compartment of these exceptional cells was generally observed to contain a replication origin region. Immunofluorescence microscopy experiments indicated that the block in polar division caused by the absence of SMC occurred at or prior to the step of bipolar Z-ring formation by the cell division protein FtsZ. A model is discussed in which polar division is under the dual control of sporulation and an event associated with the placement of a replication origin at the cell pole.
A Half Century of Neonatal Sepsis at Yale (1981)

Changes in the pattern of neonatal bacterial infection in a 50-year period at one institution are documented, as well as the striking decrease in mortality during this period.
Automated CNC Tool Path Planning and Machining Simulation on Highly Parallel Computing Architectures (2013)

This work has created a completely new geometry representation for the CAD/CAM area that was initially designed for highly parallel scalable environment. A methodology was also created for designing highly parallel and scalable algorithms that can use the developed geometry representation. The approach used in this work is to move parallel algorithm design complexity from an algorithm level to a data representation level. As a result the developed methodology allows an easy algorithm design without worrying too much about the underlying hardware. However, the developed algorithms are still highly parallel because the underlying geometry model is highly parallel. For validation purposes, the developed methodology and geometry representation were used for designing CNC machine simulation and tool path planning algorithms. Then these algorithms were implemented and tested on a multi-GPU system. Performance evaluation of developed algorithms has shown great parallelizability and scalability; and that main algorithm properties are required for modern highly parallel environment. It was also proved that GPUs are capable of performing work an order of magnitude faster than traditional central processors. The last part of the work demonstrates how high performance that comes with highly parallel hardware can be used for development of a next level of automated CNC tool path planning systems. As a proof of concept, a fully automated tool path planning system capable of generating valid G-code programs for 5-axis CNC milling machines was developed. For validation purposes, the developed system was used for generating tool paths for some parts and results were used for machining simulation and experimental machining. Experimental results have proved from one side that the developed system works. And from another side, that highly parallel hardware brings computational resources for algorithms that were not even considered before due to computational requirements, but can provide the next level of automation for modern manufacturing systems.