gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of graphene-based materials for energy storage (2010)

Summary form only given. Energy is one of the most important issues in this century. With the rapid depletion of fossil fuel and increasingly worsened environmental pollution caused by vast fossil energy consumption, it is in a high demand to make efficient use of the present energy sources and to seek for renewable and clean energy sources. Therefore, research and development of new energy storage materials and devices are receiving worldwide concern and increasing research interest. Graphene, a unique two-dimensional carbon material, is predicted to be an excellent electrode material candidate for energy conversion/storage systems because of its high specific surface area, good chemical stability, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity as well as remarkably high mechanical strength and Young's modulus. This talk will focus on the preparation and energy storage exporations of graphene-based materials. The graphene sheets with different number of layers and large lateral size were synthesized by chemical exfoliation and reduction. A simple method for the efficient reduction of graphene oxide (GO) films was developed, and the graphene films obtained have high electrical conductivity and maintain the integrity and flexibility of GO films at the same time. In particular, graphene-based materials were developed for electrochemical energy storage applications in lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. It was found that synergetic effects between graphene nanosheets and metal oxides and conductive polymers can be used to develop energy storage materials with high capacity and capacitance, high rate capability and high cyclic performance. For example, graphene/polyaniline composite paper electrodes were prepared and showed a favorable tensile strength and a stable large electrochemical capacitance, which outperform many other currently available carbon-based flexible electrodes. Graphene/hydrous RuO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> composites were developed for electrochemical capacitor with high energy density, and graphene-anchored Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> and graphene-wrapped Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> composites and other composite materials for next-generation lithium ion batteries were also investigated in detail.
Rivastigmine for Dementia Associated with Parkinson's Disease (2004)

In this placebo-controlled study, rivastigmine was associated with moderate improvements in dementia associated with Parkinson's disease but also with higher rates of nausea, vomiting, and tremor.
Tuft protein: protein cross‐linking in enamel development (2011)

Tuft protein is a material associated with enamel tufts, and resides in dental enamel primarily at the enamel-dentine junction. It is located primarily at prism peripheries and extends in a very attenuated form towards the enamel outer surface. While it appears to be a mixture of components, partial sequencing and antibody studies have demonstrated the presence of amelin, a protein associated with prism boundaries. Biochemical investigations have been seriously hampered by the fact that tuft protein is extremely insoluble in a range of solvents, including mineral acids, EDTA, chaotropic agents, and detergents including SDS. This raised the question as to whether it could be chemically cross-linked. Antibodies to γ-glutamyl cross-linking peptide were used to determine the presence of a cross-linking isopeptide. In all cases examined, a positive response indicated that tuft protein does display chemical cross-linking, which may explain the insoluble nature of this material. This may be a mechanism to prevent protein degradation at the enamel-dentine junction during the degradation of enamel matrix, which occurs during amelogenesis.
Rapid, specific, and sensitive measurements of plasma sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine (2005)

Sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) are two major phospholipids on plasma lipoproteins. Their concentration is classically measured by lipid extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and phosphate determination on separated SM or PC spots. Here, we describe two rapid, specific, and sensitive enzymatic measurements for both phospholipids. Plasma was incubated with bacterial sphingomyelinase (for SM measurement) or bacterial PC-specific phospholipase D (for PC measurement), alkaline phosphatase, choline oxidase, peroxidase, N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-3,5-dimethoxyaniline, and 4-aminoantipyrine for 45 min. A blue dye, with an optimal absorption at 595 nm, was generated. PC levels did not influence SM measurement and vice versa. The linear range for the SM measurement was 0.5-5 microg, and that for PC was 2.5-20 microg. The mean percentage recovery was 98.0 +/- 5.2% for SM and 96.6 +/- 3.8% for PC. The interassay coefficient of variation of the assay was 1.7 +/- 0.05% for SM and 3.1 +/- 0.13% for PC. These two new methods are amenable to automation and can be adapted for large-scale, high-throughput assays.
Ozone reactivation of a synthetic zeolite catalyst for methanol conversion (1985)

R. G. Copperthwaite, G. J. Hutchings, P. Johnston and S. W. Orchard, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 644 DOI: 10.1039/C39850000644
Second Generation “Peptoid” CCK-B Receptor Antagonists:  Identification and Development of<i>N</i>-(Adamantyloxycarbonyl)-α-methyl-(<i>R</i>)-tryptophan Derivative (CI-1015) with an Improved Pharmacokinetic Profile (1998)

We have previously described the design and development of CI-988, a peptoid analogue of CCK-4 with excellent binding affinity and selectivity for the CCK-B receptor. Due to its anxiolytic profile in animal models of anxiety, this compound was developed as a clinical candidate. However, during its development, it was determined that CI-988 had low bioavailability in both rodent and nonrodent species. In the clinic, it was further established that CI-988 had poor bioavailability. Thus, there was a need to identify an analogue with an improved pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. The poor bioavailability was attributed to poor absorption and efficient hepatic extraction. We envisaged that reducing the molecular weight of the parent compound (5, MW = 614) would lead to better absorption. Thus, we synthesized a series of analogues in which the key alpha-methyltryptophan and adamantyloxycarbonyl moieties, required for receptor binding, were kept intact and the C-terminus was extensively modified. This SAR study led to the identification of tricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]dec-2-yl [1S-[1 alpha(S*)2 beta]-[2-[(2-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino]-1-(1H-indol-3- ylmethyl)-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl]carbamate (CI-1015, 31) with binding affinities of 3.0 and 2900 nM for the CCK-B and CCK-A receptors, respectively. The compound showed CCK-B antagonist profile in the rat ventromedial hypothalamus assay with a Ke of 34 nM. It also showed an anxiolytic like profile orally in a standard anxiety paradigm (X-maze) with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.1 microgram/kg. Although the compound is less water soluble than CI-988, oral bioavailability in rat was improved nearly 10 times relative to CI-988 when dosed in HP beta CD. The blood-brain permeability of CI-1015 (31) was also enhanced relative to CI-988 (5). On the basis of the overall improved pharmacokinetic profile as well as enhanced brain penetration, CI-1015 (31) was chosen as a development candidate.
Evaluation of Teflon-coated intraocular lenses in an organ culture method (1999)

An amorphous and transparent form of Teflon is proposed as a coating of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) intraocular lenses (IOLs), rendering them highly hydrophobic. We used an organ culture method to evaluate cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration on Teflon-coated IOLs. Corneal explants from 14-day-old chicken embryos were placed on a semisolid culture medium and covered with uncoated PMMA (n = 36) and Teflon-coated PMMA (n = 36) IOLs and two controls, Thermanox (n = 84) and latex (n = 36). After incubation (7 days at 37 degrees C), a digital imaging system was used to measure the areas of the cell migration layers on the materials. The cells were then removed with tripsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and the cells detached at times up to 75 min were counted (Coulter(R) Multisizer System). The values were used to construct a cell disconnecting curve for each material. The areas of cell migration layers on uncoated and Teflon-coated IOLs were significantly different (p <.05). Cell disconnecting curves demonstrated that cells adhered less strongly to Teflon-coated IOLs than to the other materials. This organ culture method demonstrated that the coating of PMMA IOLs with Teflon AF(R) is correlated with antiadhesive and antiproliferative properties.
A Comparison of Pentosan Polysulphate (SP54) and Heparin I: Mechanism of Action on Blood Coagulation (1982)

The effects of SP54 on inhibition of thrombin, factor Xa and factor IXa, in the presence and absence of antithrombin III (At III), have been examined and compared to those of heparin. SP54 potentiated inhibition of thrombin and Xa by purified At III, but crossed immunoelectrophoresis data indicated that these effects were mediated by binding to the enzyme, rather than to At III. Relatively high concentrations of SP54 were required for inhibition of thrombin and Xa in plasma, but at concentrations less than 2 micrograms/ml there was a marked suppression of the intrinsic activation of factor X. This effect was shown to be independent of At III, and to be due largely to inhibition of factor IXa. Prothrombin activation by factor Xa and phospholipid was also suppressed by SP54 in the absence of At III, and its effect on the APTT was also shown to be independent of At III. It is concluded that a relatively low concentrations the anticoagulant actions of SP54 are mainly due to these At III-independent pathways.
Kinetics of serum and ocular antibody responses in susceptible mice that received a secondary corneal infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1993)

When susceptible C57BL/6J mice were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in one eye and then reinfected in the previously uninfected contralateral control eye either 4 or 8 weeks after the primary infection, approximately 20 to 30% of the mice receiving a 4-week reinfection regimen restored corneal clarity within 4 weeks, while almost all of the 8-week-reinfected mice restored corneal clarity within 3 to 6 days postinfection. However, the rate of bacterial clearance was the same in both sets of mice despite the presence of opsonophagocytic antibodies only in the 8-week-reinfected mice. As determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoglobulin G was the major immunoglobulin in both serum and ocular tissue of both mouse sets, and the immunoglobulin G level was two- to fourfold higher after the 8-week secondary infection than in the 4-week-reinfected mice.
Electron‐beam‐induced crosslinking of natural rubber/acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber latex blends in the presence of ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate used as a crosslinking promoter (2006)

Abstract A natural rubber latex, an acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber latex, and their 50: 50 blends were exposed to an electron beam in air. A polyfunctional monomer, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, was used as a crosslinking promoter. Cast films from the irradiated systems were characterized for their gel contents, swelling properties, and tensile strength. An increase in the radiation dose from 0 to 500 kGy resulted in increased crosslinking, as measured by an increase in the gel content and better swelling resistance. The effect of the polyfunctional monomer, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, as a crosslinking promoter was studied with infrared spectros copy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1206–1214, 2007
(1+D)/sup n/ partial response channels for UMR heads (1993)

Most partial response channels described in the magnetic recording literature are characterized by the (1-D)(1+D)/sup n/ pulse response polynomial, where n=1 for PR4 and 2 for EPR4. Partial response channels with (1+D)/sup n/ pulse response polynomials, which include partial response classes 1 and 2 (PR1(1+D) and PR2(1+D)/sup 2/), have received scant attention because magnetic recording systems lack the DC component implicit in these polynomials. A new channel developed for the unshielded magnetoresistive (UMR) head that closely approximates a (1+D)/sup n/ channel at all but the very lowest frequencies and works well when used with DC-free modulation codes is discussed. This channel is an excellent match to the UMR head response, which has greater long wavelength response than the more familiar inductive and shielded MR heads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Adhesion Molecule Esam1 Is a Novel Hematopoietic Stem Cell Marker (2008)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been highly enriched using combinations of 12-14 surface markers. Genes specifically expressed by HSCs as compared with other multipotent progenitors may yield new stem cell enrichment markers, as well as elucidate self-renewal and differentiation mechanisms. We previously reported that multiple cell surface molecules are enriched on mouse HSCs compared with more differentiated progeny. Here, we present a definitive expression profile of the cell adhesion molecule endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (Esam1) in hematopoietic cells using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry studies. We found Esam1 to be highly and selectively expressed by HSCs from mouse bone marrow (BM). Esam1 was also a viable positive HSC marker in fetal, young, and aged mice, as well as in mice of several different strains. In addition, we found robust levels of Esam1 transcripts in purified human HSCs. Esam1(-/-) mice do not exhibit severe hematopoietic defects; however, Esam1(-/-) BM has a greater frequency of HSCs and fewer T cells. HSCs from Esam1(-/-) mice give rise to more granulocyte/monocytes in culture and a higher T cell:B cell ratio upon transplantation into congenic mice. These studies identify Esam1 as a novel, widely applicable HSC-selective marker and suggest that Esam1 may play roles in both HSC proliferation and lineage decisions.
Low-Frequency BOLD Fluctuations Demonstrate Altered Thalamocortical Connectivity in Schizophrenia (2008)

The thalamus plays a central and dynamic role in information transmission and processing in the brain. Multiple studies reveal increasing association between schizophrenia and dysfunction of the thalamus, in particular the medial dorsal nucleus (MDN), and its projection targets. The medial dorsal thalamic connections to the prefrontal cortex are of particular interest, and explicit in vivo evidence of this connection in healthy humans is sparse. Additionally, recent neuroimaging evidence has demonstrated disconnection among a variety of cortical regions in schizophrenia, though the MDN thalamic prefrontal cortex network has not been extensively probed in schizophrenia. To this end, we have examined thalamo-anterior cingulate cortex connectivity using detection of low-frequency blood oxygen level dependence fluctuations (LFBF) during a resting-state paradigm. Eleven schizophrenic patients and 12 healthy control participants were enrolled in a study of brain thalamocortical connectivity. Resting-state data were collected, and seed-based connectivity analysis was performed to identify the thalamocortical network. First, we have shown there is MDN thalamocortical connectivity in healthy controls, thus demonstrating that LFBF analysis is a manner to probe the thalamocortical network. Additionally, we have found there is statistically significantly reduced thalamocortical connectivity in schizophrenics compared with matched healthy controls. We did not observe any significant difference in motor networks between groups. We have shown that the thalamocortical network is observable using resting-state connectivity in healthy controls and that this network is altered in schizophrenia. These data support a disruption model of the thalamocortical network and are consistent with a disconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia.
Circuit-level electrothermal simulation of electrical overstress failures in advanced MOS I/O protection devices (1994)

Previous work on electrothermal simulation using network analysis techniques has been of limited use due to the lack of avalanche breakdown modeling capability and the models to efficiently describe the temperature dynamics. Particularly, simulation of electrical overstress (EOS) and electrostatic discharge (ESD), which are important threats to IC reliability, require an accurate description of temperature-dependent device electrical behaviour including breakdown phenomenon. This paper presents electrothermal device models and their implementation in a new circuit-level electrothermal simulator iETSIM. Simulation results for an I/O protection device in an advanced MOS process are presented to demonstrate iETSIM's ability to accurately model device behaviour up to the onset of second breakdown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-stage detection scheme for CDMA systems (2002)

The performance of multi-user detectors for the case of imperfect power control and estimation is studied by simulations. A modified multi-user detector with the same complexity as original multi-user detector is proposed and with simulations it is shown that this receiver in some cases has much better performance than multi-user detector.
Effect of standardized<i>Amla</i>extract on atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia (2006)

Emblica officinalis , commonly known as Indian gooseberry ( Amla ), is found to be effective for the reversal of dyslipidemia and intima-media thickening and plaque formation in the aorta in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. In this study, cholesterol powder (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally to healthy NZ white rabbits for 4 mo to induce hypercholesterolaemia; and thereafter, amla extract was given in two doses (10 mg and 20 mg/kg/d orally) for 4 mo. Fasting lipid profile was done monthly and also at the end of treatment. After sacrificing the animals, tissue cholesterol (liver, heart and kidney) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase activity of liver were estimated and part of aorta and myocardium were processed for histological studies. Feeding of amla extract (10 mg and 20 mg/kg) for 4 mo reversed these changes and the lumen of the aorta became normal as in the normal control group. Reversal of dyslipidemia and atheromatous plaques achieved by amla extract seems to be brought about by a number of factors, such as its ability to prevent low-density lipoprotein oxidation, its antioxidant action, besides decreasing synthesis of cholesterol by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase activity and elevating high-density lipoprotein level to enhance reverse cholesterol transport.
Liquid Circulation and Mass Transfer in an External-Loop Airlift Reactor with Partitioning Plates (2004)

The effect of partitioning plates in the riser of external-loop airlift reactors (ELAs) was studied to increase the gas holdup by the restraint of bubble coalescence and the control of the liquid circulation velocity, and to improve the mass transfer in highly viscous liquids. The liquid circulation velocity, the gas holdup in the riser and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient were measured by changing the following parameters, that is, the number of stages, opening ratio of partitioning plates, diameter of a perforated hole and physical properties of liquids. The following conclusions were obtained; the liquid circulation velocity in the riser decreases with the increased number of stages. The gas holdup in the riser is affected by the liquid circulation velocity and bubble coalescence caused by partitioning plates. The gas holdup in the riser and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient increase with the increased number of partitioning plates. In highly viscous pseudoplastic solutions, the mass transfer rate was improved by the installation of partitioning plates into the riser of ELAs.
Cutting Edge: Generation of Memory Precursors and Functional Memory CD8+ T Cells Depends on T Cell Factor-1 and Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor-1 (2012)

T cell factor (TCF)-1 and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (LEF)-1 transcription factors have redundant roles in promoting thymocyte maturation. TCF-1 has been recently shown to critically regulate memory CD8+ T cell differentiation and persistence. The complete spectra of regulatory roles for TCF-1 and LEF-1 in CD8+ T cell responses are yet unknown. We conditionally targeted LEF-1, and by combination with germline deletion of TCF-1, we found that loss of both factors completely abrogated the generation of KLR G1(lo)IL-7Rα+ memory precursors in effector CD8+ T cell populations in response to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Whereas CD8+ effectors deficient for TCF-1 and LEF-1 retained the capacity to express IFN-γ, granzyme B, and perforin, they were defective in TNF-α production. In the memory phase, the Ag-specific CD8+ T cells lacking TCF-1 and LEF-1 exhibited an effector phenotype and were severely impaired in secondary expansion upon rechallenge. Thus, TCF-1 and LEF-1 cooperatively regulate generation of memory precursors and protective memory CD8+ T cells.
Ultrastructural Features of Molybdenum Deficiency and Whiptail of Cauliflower Leaves: Effects of Nitrogen Source and Tungsten Substitution for Molybdenum (1977)

Cauliflower plants were grown in sand culture with molybdenum-free nutrients: containing sodium nitrate, ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate as nitrogen sources and without, or with 0.1 or 0.25 ppm tungsten. Control plants were given 0.05 ppm molybdenum. After 6 weeks' growth primary visual lesions of the whiptail disorder appeared in molybdenum-deficient plants grown with ammonium sulphate. Samples of lamina from around these lesion areas, and from corresponding areas in chlorotic plants grown with nitrate or from control plants, were prepared for electron microscopy. In molybdenum-deficient plants grown with nitrate, chloroplasts became bulbous and enlarged but had reduced grana stacking and distorted expansion of intrathylakoid spaces. Decrease of electron density and appearance of cavities in the stroma were followed by spherical protrusions from the surface of the chloroplast bounded initially by both chloroplast and tonoplast membranes. These protrusions became filled with chloroplast debris or ruptured. In plants grown with ammonium, chloroplast structure appeared normal except in, or close to, lesion areas where their appearance resembled those grown with nitrate. In cells near the centre of lesions chloroplasts disintegrated into the cytoplasm. Mitochondria appeared to remain relatively undamaged. Addition of tungsten to the nutrient resulted in suppression of molybdenum-deficiency symptoms both visually and microscopically. Chloroplast integrity was preserved; cavities in the grana stacking were much less evident but areas of electron transparency persisted. The resemblance of the symptoms described to superoxide damage of lipid membranes is discussed with respect to the known biochemical changes which take place in ascorbic acid, S-methylcysteine sulphoxide and cytochrome c reductase levels as a result of molybdenum deficiency in cauliflowers.