gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the Dihydrotestosterone-Activated Androgen Receptor by Nuclear Receptor Corepressor (2002)

Nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) mediates transcriptional repression by unliganded nuclear receptors and certain steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) bound to nonphysiological antagonists, but has not been found to regulate SHRs bound to their natural ligands. This report demonstrates that NCoR interacts directly with the androgen receptor (AR) and represses dihydrotestosterone-stimulated AR transcriptional activity. The NCoR C terminus, containing the receptor interacting domains, was necessary for repression, which was ablated by mutations in the corepressor nuclear receptor (CoRNR) boxes. In contrast, the NCoR N terminus, containing domains that can recruit histone deacetylases, was not necessary for repression. Binding studies in vitro with a series of glutathione-S-transferase-NCoR and -AR fusion proteins demonstrated a direct interaction that was similarly dependent upon the NCoR corepressor nuclear receptor boxes and AR ligand binding domain and was independent of ligand and helix 12 in the AR ligand binding domain. This NCoR-AR interaction was further demonstrated in mammalian two-hybrid assays and by coimmunoprecipitation of the endogenous proteins from a prostate cancer cell line. Finally, AR transcriptional activity could be enhanced in vivo by sequestration of endogenous NCoR with unliganded thyroid hormone receptor. These results demonstrate that AR, in contrast to other SHRs, is regulated by NCoR and suggest the possibility of developing selective AR modulators that enhance this interaction.
Simple algorithm for peak windowing and its application in GSM, EDGE and WCDMA systems (2005)

In conventional GSM base station solutions, transmitted carriers are combined after power amplifiers. A GSM signal is a constant envelope signal which means that a power efficient nonlinear power amplifier can be used. However, in third generation systems the signal is no longer a constant envelope signal, which means that linearity requirements for the PA are increased. Also, in the case of multicarrier GSM or EDGE transmission the peak to average power of the signal becomes high if the carriers are combined in the digital domain. High linearity requirements lead to low power efficiency and therefore to high power consumption. In order to achieve good efficiency in the PA the PAR must be reduced, i.e. the signal must be clipped. In the paper the effect of a peak windowing clipping algorithm is studied in the cases of WCDMA, GSM and EDGE transmission. Also, an efficient way to implement the peak windowing algorithm is presented.
‘ER degradation’ of a mutant yeast plasma membrane protein by the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway (1998)

The yeast plasma membrane, uracil permease, undergoes ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis and subsequent degradation in the vacuole via a process that does not involve the proteasome. Cell-surface ubiquitination of this protein is mediated by the ubiquitin-protein ligase Npi1p/Rsp5p and involves Lys63-linked ubiquitin chains. This report describes the intracellular fate of a mutant form of uracil permease carrying a three amino acid insertion in a cytoplasmic loop. Most of this protein is not deployed beyond the ER, and is degraded by the 26S proteasome. Mutant permease degradation is almost unaffected in cells with impaired Npi1p/Rsp5p, but is dependent on the Ubc6p and Ubc7p ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, suggesting that proteolysis of the protein requires its prior ubiquitination. Overproduction of a derivative of ubiquitin with a modified Lys48 strongly impairs mutant permease degradation. This suggests that, like other proteasome substrates, mutant permease might be polyubiquitinated with Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains. These findings provide an example of a yeast plasma membrane protein that is routed to the 'ER degradation' pathway, and highlight the versatility of the ubiquitin system.
DESIGN OF PIXEL LEVEL CMOS READOUT CIRCUITRY FOR CONTINOUS BIAS UNCOOLED BOLOMETRIC LONG WAVE INFRARED FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS (2004)

Modern IC foundries do not provide large analog storage capacitors. This limits the charge storage capacity for modern uncooled long wave infrared readout circuits. A long integration time in the pixel helps to extend the effective charge storage capacity, reduces the temporal noise, and subsequently reduces the noise bandwidth of the pixel. Modern infrared readout arrays that employ current skimming, a technique which extends the integration time, usually do so at the end of a row or column in the readout array. This thesis research describes an advanced concept of a per-pixel skimming readout approach by incorporating the skimming function inside the pixel. DC pedestal removal techniques such as current skimming allow the pixels to integrate longer by subtracting the DC bias signal. However, a low output conductance current sink is needed to subtract the DC pedestal. This thesis explores the use of cascode circuitry to decrease output conductance. Current skimming alternatives for increasing the integration time in the pixel while maintaining a low output conductance sink for continuously biased uncooled long wave infrared arrays are presented.
Public Policy toward Electric Vehicles and Vehicle-to-Grid Power (2014)

This paper aims to define effective public policy action on Electric Vehicles (EV) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) developments. The paper starts with a discussion of market failures and call for public intervention in EV and V2G activities. We then address three main dimensions of a coordinated public policy toward the development of an EV industry: 1) the mitigation of the currently high purchase price; 2) the definition of a standard for infrastructure equipment; and 3) assistance in the development of grid services businesses that will both improve the electricity system and make EVs more economically competitive. In this paper, we will investigate current barriers to widespread EV deployment, and review current public policy regarding these problems; we will then propose some remedies for each of the problems identified and advocate coordinated public action to address them.
Mini-review: Molecular mechanisms of antifouling compounds (2013)

Various antifouling (AF) coatings have been developed to protect submerged surfaces by deterring the settlement of the colonizing stages of fouling organisms. A review of the literature shows that effective AF compounds with specific targets are ones often considered non-toxic. Such compounds act variously on ion channels, quorum sensing systems, neurotransmitters, production/release of adhesive, and specific enzymes that regulate energy production or primary metabolism. In contrast, AF compounds with general targets may or may not act through toxic mechanisms. These compounds affect a variety of biological activities including algal photosynthesis, energy production, stress responses, genotoxic damage, immunosuppressed protein expression, oxidation, neurotransmission, surface chemistry, the formation of biofilms, and adhesive production/release. Among all the targets, adhesive production/release is the most common, possibly due to a more extensive research effort in this area. Overall, the specific molecular targets and the molecular mechanisms of most AF compounds have not been identified. Thus, the information available is insufficient to draw firm conclusions about the types of molecular targets to be used as sensitive biomarkers for future design and screening of compounds with AF potential. In this review, the relevant advantages and disadvantages of the molecular tools available for studying the molecular targets of AF compounds are highlighted briefly and the molecular mechanisms of the AF compounds, which are largely a source of speculation in the literature, are discussed.
Ultraviolet assisted growth of II–VI compounds (1986)

Photo-MOVPE of HgTe, CdTe, and CdxHg1−xTe using UV radiation in the system Et2Te:Me2Cd:Hg:H2:He is discussed. Two growth regimes can be identified one involving a heterogeneous surface controlled reaction which leads to high quality epitaxial growth and one which gives rise initially to a homogeneous gas phase reaction and compound formation as a ‘‘dust.’’ Potential reaction mechanisms responsible for these growth processes are discussed and analyzed. The respective roles of H2 and He as radical chain promotors and inhibitors in the decomposition of the alkyls is considered in the context of the potential generation of supersaturated atmospheres of Cd and Te.
Detection of Relapses in Alcohol‐Dependent Patients: Comparison of Carbohydrate‐Deficient Transferrin in Serum, 5‐Hydroxytryptophol in Urine, and Self‐Reports (1993)

In this study, detection of relapses in male alcohol-dependent patients by biochemical markers and self-reports of alcohol consumption were examined. The patients were trying to stay abstinent from alcohol for 6 months. Four of 15 patients dropped out from treatment after 50-110 days. Ratios of urinary 5-hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL)/5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and 5-HTOL/creatinine were measured daily and serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) once a week. Clinical ratings and self-reports about alcohol consumption were performed three times a week. According to the self-reports, 3 of the patients drank alcohol frequently, 5 of them sporadically, and 7 of the patients reported no alcohol intake at all. According to the 5-HTOL marker, 4 of the patients drank alcohol frequently, and 11 of them sporadically. No one had all urinary levels of 5-HTOL marker below the reference level. According to the CDT, 3 of the patients drank alcohol frequently, 3 sporadically, and in 9 of the patients no elevated levels of CDT were found. Elevated levels of CDT were preceded by increased values of 5-HTOL marker. The combined results suggested that no one of the patients was totally abstinent from alcohol during the treatment period. The 5-HTOL marker seemed to be useful to reveal recent alcohol drinking, and CDT proved to be useful to validate the patients' self-reports. Together the two biochemical markers showed complementary properties in early detection of relapse and treatment monitoring.
Application of countercurrent chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry for the identification of bioactive lignans from plant natural products (1990)

The versatility and resolving power of countercurrent chromatography (CCC) has been demonstrated with a newly developed analytical high-speed planet centrifuge system. Interfacing countercurrent chromatography with mass spectrometry (MS) provides a new analytical methodology that integrates the advantages of countercurrent chromatography with the low detection limit and identification capability of mass spectrometry. In this paper the capability of thermospray CCC/MS is demonstrated in identifying and validating the bioactive and structurally known lignans from a crude extract of Schisandra rubriflora Rhed et Wils, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treatment of hepatitis.
Vernier Motor and Its Design (1963)

A vernier motor is an unexcited inductor synchronous motor in which a small displacement of the rotor produces a large displacement of the axes of permeance. It runs at a slow speed as if it were geared down from the speed of the rotating field set up by the stator. To design a vernier motor is equivalent to designing a polyphase reluctance motor with an odd-shaped rotor so that the airgap permeance distribution is a displaced triangular wave.
Following a protein kinase activity using a field-effect transistor device (2007)

The specific phosphorylation of a peptide-functionalized ion-sensitive field-effect transistor device by casein kinase II in the presence of ATP enables the electronic readout of the protein kinase activity; treatment of the phosphorylated surface with alkaline phosphatase results in the regeneration of the active sensing surface.
A UNESCO Experiment (1978)

A report on the experimental use of the Symphonie satellite to link UNESCO headquarters in Paris with the Conference Centre in Nairobi during the nineteenth session of the General Conference.
Polyhydroxybutyrate: An intriguing biopolymer (1988)

The microbial polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and related poly-hydroxyalkanoates, such as poly-3-hydroxyvalerate and poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate, are unique biodegradable thermoplastics of considerable commercial importance. The structure, properties and regulation of synthesis and degradation of PHB are reviewed and the microbial production of copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate, with properties varying according to copolymer composition, is discussed.
Virological Effects of Isis 14803, An Antisense Oligonucleotide Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES), on HCV Ires in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients and Examination of the Potential Role of Primary and Secondary HCV Resistance in the Outcome of Treatment (2004)

Antisense oligonucleotides represent a promising class of antiviral agents. ISIS 14803 is a 20-unit phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide that inhibited hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication and protein expression in cell culture and mouse models. A Phase I dose-escalation clinical study of ISIS 14803 was performed in 24 patients with HCV genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. The patients received 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 mg/kg of ISIS 14803 for 4 weeks. Two of them receiving 2.0 mg/kg, experienced a significant (>1.0 log10) viral load reduction and nine other patients experienced minor (<1.0 log10) viral load reductions that were difficult to definitively distinguish from assay or patient variations. The aims of this study were to examine the effect of ISIS 14803 on its target site and neighbouring region quasispecies evolution, and to determine whether primary and secondary HCV resistance contributed to the observed virological response rate. The HCV internal ribosome entry site (IRES), including the ISIS 14803 target site in virus specimens collected from patients at baseline and end-of-treatment, was sequenced. An extensive IRES quasispecies analysis was performed in 10 of the patients at various time points before, during and after ISIS 14803 treatment. A significant IRES genetic evolution was found in three out of 10 patients through quasispecies analysis suggesting that treatment with ISIS 14803, a drug designed to bind to HCV RNA, exerted a selective pressure on HCV IRES. However, no mutations in the ISIS 14803 target site, which would inhibit binding of the oligonucleotide to HCV RNA, were detected before (primary resistance) or after treatment (secondary resistance) with the oligonucleotide. Furthermore, no obvious nucleotide changes in the surrounding IRES region that might possibly affect oligonucleotide binding were detected.
Uplift capacity of plate anchors in clay (1994)

Plate anchors are used in many instances in both onshore and offshore construction. The primary function of these anchors is to transmit the upwardly-directed forces into the soil at a certain depth below the ground surface. Anchors have been used for thousands of years to stabilize structures subjected to uplifting forces. However, most of the theoretical and/or experimental studies which have been undertaken to scientifically evaluate the holding capacity of anchors have been conducted during the last thirty years or so. Also, a review of the existing literature shows that most of the results published thus far on the ultimate and allowable capacities of anchors relate to those in which the anchor is embedded in granular soil. Most of the findings presently available on the ultimate uplift capacity of plate anchors embedded in saturated and near-saturated clays were conducted as small-scale laboratory model tests. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the major aspects of the short-term holding capacity of plate anchors in clay ({phi} = 0 condition) and make recommendations on possible areas of future research.
Defining Effective Combinations of Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Oncolytic Virotherapy (2015)

These considerations will be critical in the design of the inevitable clinical translation of these combination approaches. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5543-51. ©2015 AACR.See related commentary by Slaney and Darcy, p. 5417.
Cytokinin Growth Responses in Arabidopsis Involve the 26S Proteasome Subunit RPN12 (2002)

The 26S proteasome is an ATP-dependent eukaryotic protease responsible for degrading many important cell regulators, especially those conjugated with multiple ubiquitins. Bound on both ends of the 20S core protease is a multisubunit regulatory particle that plays a crucial role in substrate selection by an as yet unknown mechanism(s). Here, we show that the RPN12 subunit of the Arabidopsis regulatory particle is involved in cytokinin responses. A T-DNA insertion mutant that affects RPN12a has a decreased rate of leaf formation, reduced root elongation, delayed skotomorphogenesis, and altered growth responses to exogenous cytokinins, suggesting that the mutant has decreased sensitivity to the hormone. The cytokinin-inducible genes CYCD3 and NIA1 are upregulated constitutively in rpn12a-1, indicating that feedback-inhibitory mechanisms also may be altered. rpn12a-1 seedlings also showed changes in auxin-induced growth responses, further illustrating the close interaction between auxin and cytokinin regulation. In yeast, RPN12 is necessary for the G1/S and G2/M transitions of the cell cycle, phases that have been shown to be under cytokinin control in plants. We propose that RPN12a is part of the Arabidopsis 26S proteasome that controls the stability of one or more of the factors involved in cytokinin regulation.
MEMS-Based Solid Propellant Microthruster Design, Simulation, Fabrication, and Testing (2004)

A new design concept of solid propellant microthruster is proposed for micropropulsion applications. Modeling and simulation have been performed before the fabrication of the microthrusters using MEMS technologies. At sea level, the predicted thrust magnitudes range from 0.76 mN to 4.38 mN and the estimated total impulses range from 1.16/spl times/10/sup -4/ N/spl middot/s to 4.37/spl times/10/sup -4/ N/spl middot/s using HTPB/AP/AL as the propellant. In space, the predicted thrust magnitudes range from 9.11 mN to 26.92 mN and the estimated total impulses range from 1.25/spl times/10/sup -3/ N/spl middot/s to 1.70/spl times/10/sup -3/ N/spl middot/s. Single microthruster, microthruster layers and arrays have been successfully fabricated. Preliminary testing for microcombustion is conducted to verify the feasibility of the novel design. Continuous combustion has been achieved after igniting the solid propellant and successful production of thrust has been verified by the microthruster displacement.
In vivo MR elastography of the prostate gland using a transurethral actuator (2009)

Conventional approaches for MR elastography (MRE) using surface drivers have difficulty achieving sufficient shear wave propagation in the prostate gland due to attenuation. In this study we evaluate the feasibility of generating shear wave propagation in the prostate gland using a transurethral device. A novel transurethral actuator design is proposed, and the performance of this device was evaluated in gelatin phantoms and in a canine prostate gland. All MRI was performed on a 1.5T MR imager using a conventional gradient-echo MRE sequence. A piezoceramic actuator was used to vibrate the transurethral device along its length. Shear wave propagation was measured transverse and parallel to the rod at frequencies between 100 and 250 Hz in phantoms and in the prostate gland. The shear wave propagation was cylindrical, and uniform along the entire length of the rod in the gel experiments. The feasibility of transurethral MRE was demonstrated in vivo in a canine model, and shear wave propagation was observed in the prostate gland as well as along the rod. These experiments demonstrate the technical feasibility of transurethral MRE in vivo. Further development of this technique is warranted.
Electrical and optical properties of CdxZn1−xTe single crystals for applications as terahertz electro-optic sensors (2004)

Cd x Zn 1 − x Te single crystals were grown by using the Bridgman method. Hall-effect measurements showed that the carrier type and carrier concentration of unintentionally CdxZn1−xTe crystals were p type and between approximately 1014 and 1015, respectively. Phototransmission spectra showed that the position of the band edge emission shifted to higher wavelength with increasing Cd mole fraction, and photoluminescence spectra showed that the peak corresponding to the excitons bound to neutral acceptors shifted to lower energy with increasing Cd mole fraction. The electro-optic sensors fabricated utilizing the CdxZn1−xTe single crystals were operated in the terahertz spectrum range. These results can help improve the understanding of CdxZn1−xTe single crystals for applications in terahertz electro-optic sensors.
Non-Linear Weighting Function for Non-Stationary Signal Denoising (2006)

We propose in this paper a new strategy for non-stationary signals denoising based on designing a time-varying filter adapted to the signal short term spectral characteristics. The basic idea leading us to use a new parametric nonlinear weighting of the measured signal short term spectral amplitude (STSA) is exposed. The overall system consists in combining the estimated STSA and the complex exponential of the noisy phase. The proposed technique results in a significant reduction of the noise for a variety of non-stationary signals including speech signals.
Resonant excitation of visible photoluminescence from an erbium-oxide overlayer on Si (1997)

A thin Er2O3 layer grown on a Si surface by vapor doping of Er exhibits intense photoluminescence in the green and red regions excited by laser beams in the 800 nm and 450–490 nm ranges. These intense light emissions take place via resonant two or one step photoexcitations of the 4f levels in Er3+ ions. Our sample fabrication procedure is integrated circuit compatible and produces Er2O3 layers of excellent homogeneity and quality as demonstrated in the optical measurements.
Advective surface velocities derived from sequential images for rotational flow field: Limitations and applications of maximum cross‐correlation method with rotational registration (1989)

An objective technique is developed to calculate advective surface velocities from sequential images. A pattern matching method is used with the identification of maximum cross correlation (MCC) between a template window in the first image and search areas in the second image. We examined the limitations of the MCC method in two cases: (1) eddy size ( L E ) much smaller than the radius of deformation ( L D ), and (2) L E ≳ L D . In the first case an eddy is regarded as a particle. Maximum detectable time period is estimated to be about 1 day. For the second case we developed the MCC method to detect a rotational motion. We compared velocity fields derived from the method with a real velocity field in a numerical analysis of tracer and quasi‐geostrophic eddy fields. The optimal template size is about the eddy diameter which spans between the maximum velocity points. We also applied the MCC method to infrared images in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio confluence zone.