gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Cobalt Substituted 1,3-Diene Complexes with Unusual Structures and Their Exo Selective Diels-Alder Reactions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Cobalt Substituted 1,3-Diene Complexes with Unusual Structures and Their Exo Selective Diels-Alder ReactionsMarcus W. Wright, Terrence L. Smalley Jr., Mark E. Welker, and Arnold L. RheingoldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 15, 6777–6791Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00094a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00094a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1225Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The role of angiopoietins in the development of endothelial cells from cord blood CD34+ progenitors (2004)

Circulating endothelial progenitors contribute to neovascularization at sites of injury and tumorigenesis in postnatal life. Yet, the molecular mechanisms initiating the endothelial developmental program of these precursors remain elusive. Here we provide evidence that endothelial development from progenitors circulating in human cord blood requires angiopoietins, a set of growth factors also involved in vascular branching during embryogenesis. We show that cord blood cells with the potential for endothelial development reside in a CD34(+)CD11b+ subset capable of autonomously producing and binding angiopoietins. Functionally, endogenous angiopoietin-1 regulates initial endothelial cell commitment, whereas angiopoietin-2 enhances expansion of the endothelial cell progeny. These findings suggest a role for angiopoietins as regulators of endothelial development from circulating progenitors and imply a function of angiopoietins at distinct developmental steps in postnatal angiogenesis.
Influence of Litter Type and Size on Broiler Performance (1983)

In three floor pen trials involving a total of 14,400 broilers, three particle sizes of processed newspaper (PN) were compared to sawdust as broiler litter. Litter treatments consisted of: hardwood sawdust (SD) as a control, a large particle processed newspaper (L-PN) ranging from 1.27 to 2.54 cm diameter, a medium size (M-PN) of .64 to 1.27 cm, and a small size (S-PN) with particles less than .64 cm diameter. The M-PN and S-PN were used both as a base layer and as a topping agent over a SD base in Trials 2 and 3. In all trials, broilers reared on the S-PN and M-PN used as a base or as a topping had numerically or statistically improved body weights over SD at 10, 28, and 49 days of age. In addition, the birds reared on SD had significantly higher mortality than all other treatments in Trial 2. Litter treatment had no significant effect on feed efficiency, litter cake, or total disease condemnations. The effect on conformation was not consistent between trials. The incidence of breast blisters was comparable to that of SD when the particle size of PN was reduced or when the PN was used as a topping. Broilers reared on PN had improved feathering, but the intensity of yellow color of the skin was reduced more than for broilers reared on SD.
Preparation of Gold Cluster/Silica Nanocomposite Aerogel via Spontaneous Wet-Gel Formation (2001)

A nanocomposite of dodecanethiol-passivated gold clusters and a silica aerogel has been synthesized. The gold particles were efficiently absorbed in a silica wet gel and the particles were not flushed out during sc-CO2 drying. This can lead to a very simple and efficient way to the production of devices with high nonlinear optical properties or high catalytic activity. The Figure shows a photographic image of the composite aerogel.
Porous Semi‐Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Based on Dextran and Polyacrylamide With Superfast Responsiveness (2010)

Abstract AAm was free‐radical polymerized at various temperatures in the presence of N,N ' ‐ methylenebisacrylamide as a cross‐linker and dextran resulting in novel Dx/PAAm semi‐IPNs. The structure and morphology of networks were investigated by means of FTIR, DSC, and ESEM. In comparison to the PAAm network, the interior network structures of the novel semi‐IPNs prepared at −18 °C exhibit a heterogeneous morphology consisting of pores of sizes about 80 µm, while those formed at +5 and +25 °C have pores with sizes about 3 µm. The Dx/PAAm semi‐IPNs exhibited higher swelling ratios, than those without Dx, irrespective of the gel preparation temperature. Moreover, Dx/PAAm semi‐IPN hydrogels formed at −18 °C attain the equilibrium state in water within 15 s. magnified image
Challenges and Solutions for Embedded and Networked Aerospace Software Systems (2010)

Aerospace systems are increasingly dependent upon software for their functionality, with associated software spanning a wide range of application domains. These include aircraft and spacecraft flight controls, mission computing, weapons management, command and control, surveillance, sensor management and processing, telemetry, and more. Understanding of their unique challenges has driven technology development on many fronts associated both with the products - such as real-time component-based application frameworks, supporting middleware, and algorithms - and the processes and tools by which they are created - such as model-based development and integration, automated code generation, simulations, and desktop test environments. This paper describes a number of these domains and challenges, future directions associated with networking and systems of systems, and technologies facilitating their development within The Boeing Company.
Synthesis of Polymer-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles (2005)

ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization) approach was employed to synthesis polymer-coated magnetite nanoparticles with an average diameter of 7.1 nm and of narrow size distribution, followed by various characterization techniques like Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The challenge was to obtain a thin shell and particles in an unagglomerated state. Several factors like presence/choice of solvent, monomer-to-initiator concentration and structure of initiator were found to play a key role in this study. Attempts have been made to tailor the polymer shells by end-functionalization. This work has an enormous biomedical application potential.
Trends and future prospects of aqueous two-phase extraction. (1990)

Aqueous two-phase systems form the basis for an extraction technology of proteins. Trends in the development of the technology are reviewed and discussed with regard to future applications.
Optimization of modulation ratio and insertion loss in reflective electroabsorption modulators (1990)

We show theoretically that the maximum modulation ratio in Fabry–Perot reflective electroabsorption modulators for a given insertion loss is solely a function of the ratio of the maximum to minimum absorption. We increase this ratio by using thinner quantum wells than are conventionally used and obtain significantly improved performance. We obtain an insertion loss of 1.2 dB and a modulation ratio of 7.5 with a 5 V operating bias.
Implementation of true continuous 2D/3D whole body PET scanning (2002)

True continuous axial bed motion has been implemented on a high resolution PET scanner for use in both 2D and 3D acquisition modes. This has been accomplished by modifications in the bed motion controller firmware and the use of acquiring data in list mode. The new bed controller firmware was shown to provide an accurate and constant bed speed down to 0.25 mm/s with patient weight load. The constant bed motion eliminates previously reported dead-time due to bed positioning when using small discrete bed steps. The continuous bed motion was tested on uniform phantoms, in 2D and 3D. As a result of the continuous axial motion, a uniform axial sensitivity is achieved. This was also reflected in the reconstructed images which showed an improved axial image uniformity (1.4% for continuous sampling, 5.0% for discrete) as well as an improvement in %SD uniformity in comparison to conventional step-and-shoot acquisitions. The use of the continuous axial motion also provide slight improvements in 2D emission and transmission scanning, resulting in an overall improved image quality in WB-PET.
Efficient Generation of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Umbilical Cord Blood in Stroma-Free Liquid Culture (2010)

This novel stroma-free liquid culture overcomes the existing limitation in obtaining MSC from UCB and PB enabling so far unmet therapeutic applications, which might substantially affect clinical practice.
Design, simulation and antenna applications of spherical high impedance surfaces (2016)

Design and simulation of a conformai high impedance surface with spherical curvature is reported. A loop antenna is located in the vicinity of this curved surface to investigate if the spherical HIS can be used as an appropriate ground plane. The return loss and gain pattern of the loop is obtained from simulations and compared with those of a flat circularly symmetric HIS. The -10 dB operational bandwidth of the surface is also obtained.
Primate and Feline Lentivirus Vector RNA Packaging and Propagation by Heterologous Lentivirus Virions (2001)

Development of safe and effective gene transfer systems is critical to the success of gene therapy protocols for human diseases. Currently, several primate lentivirus-based gene transfer systems, such as those based on human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV/SIV), are being tested; however, their use in humans raises safety concerns, such as the generation of replication-competent viruses through recombination with related endogenous retroviruses or retrovirus-like elements. Due to the greater phylogenetic distance from primate lentiviruses, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is becoming the lentivirus of choice for human gene transfer systems. However, the safety of FIV-based vector systems has not been tested experimentally. Since lentiviruses such as HIV-1 and SIV have been shown to cross-package their RNA genomes, we tested the ability of FIV RNA to get cross-packaged into primate lentivirus particles such as HIV-1 and SIV, as well as a nonlentiviral retrovirus such as Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), and vice versa. Our results reveal that FIV RNA can be cross-packaged by primate lentivirus particles such as HIV-1 and SIV and vice versa; however, a nonlentivirus particle such as MPMV is unable to package FIV RNA. Interestingly, FIV particles can package MPMV RNA but cannot propagate the vector RNA further for other steps of the retrovirus life cycle. These findings reveal that diverse retroviruses are functionally more similar than originally thought and suggest that upon coinfection of the same host, cross- or copackaging may allow distinct retroviruses to generate chimeric variants with unknown pathogenic potential.
Synthesis and Reactions of 1-Nitroso-1-alkyl-2-guanyl-and -2-carbamylhydrazines (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Reactions of 1-Nitroso-1-alkyl-2-guanyl-and -2-carbamylhydrazinesWilliam G. Finnegan and Ronald A. HenryCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 2, 567–575Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01013a066https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01013a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Two-dimensional arrayed microoptics (1989)

Optical components in lightwave systems, optical disks, etc., are still manufactured by hand, and waveguide devices are not fully utilized in actual systems. Two-dimensional microoptics is a concept which provides simple optical circuits requiring no alignment for a wide variety of optoelectronic systems.
Poly(thioether sulfone) with High Refractive Index and High Abbe’s Number (2008)

A new thermoplastic, poly(thioether sulfone) (PES), with the highest refractive index and high Abbe’s number among thermoplastics has been developed by the simultaneous introduction of sulfide, sulfone, and alicyclic units in the polymer chains. The PES with a high molecular weight was prepared by the Michael polyaddition of 2,5-disulfanyl-1,4-dithiane with divinyl sulfone. The flexible, tough, transparent, and amorphous PES film was obtained and showed a good thermal stability with 5% weight loss temperature of 275 °C in nitrogen and the glass transition temperature of 152 °C. The PES exhibited the highest refractive index of 1.686 and the Abbe’s number of 48.6 among thermoplastics.
A Procedure for Measuring Latencies in Brain–Computer Interfaces (2010)

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems must process neural signals with consistent timing in order to support adequate system performance. Thus, it is important to have the capability to determine whether a particular BCI configuration (i.e., hardware and software) provides adequate timing performance for a particular experiment. This report presents a method of measuring and quantifying different aspects of system timing in several typical BCI experiments across a range of settings, and presents comprehensive measures of expected overall system latency for each experimental configuration.
Copper-SiOC-AirGap integration in a double level metal interconnect (2002)

This paper describes the integration of Copper with a SiOC/AirGap in a 0.18 /spl mu/m Double Level Metal Interconnect. A new concept is presented to achieve this ultimate interconnect scheme, and its feasibility is demonstrated by a 55% reduction of the total capacitance measured versus a Cu/SiO2 interconnect.
Burkholderia cepacia Complex Phage-Antibiotic Synergy (PAS): Antibiotics Stimulate Lytic Phage Activity (2014)

ABSTRACT The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of at least 18 species of Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens that can cause chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Bcc organisms possess high levels of innate antimicrobial resistance, and alternative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. One proposed alternative treatment is phage therapy, the therapeutic application of bacterial viruses (or bacteriophages). Recently, some phages have been observed to form larger plaques in the presence of sublethal concentrations of certain antibiotics; this effect has been termed phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS). Those reports suggest that some antibiotics stimulate increased production of phages under certain conditions. The aim of this study is to examine PAS in phages that infect Burkholderia cenocepacia strains C6433 and K56-2. Bcc phages KS12 and KS14 were tested for PAS, using 6 antibiotics representing 4 different drug classes. Of the antibiotics tested, the most pronounced effects were observed for meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. When grown with subinhibitory concentrations of these three antibiotics, cells developed a chain-like arrangement, an elongated morphology, and a clustered arrangement, respectively. When treated with progressively higher antibiotic concentrations, both the sizes of plaques and phage titers increased, up to a maximum. B. cenocepacia K56-2-infected Galleria mellonella larvae treated with phage KS12 and low-dose meropenem demonstrated increased survival over controls treated with KS12 or antibiotic alone. These results suggest that antibiotics can be combined with phages to stimulate increased phage production and/or activity and thus improve the efficacy of bacterial killing.
Transcoding Between Two DoD Narrowband Voice Encoding Algorithms (LPC-10 and MELP) (1999)

Abstract : For nearly 20 years, DoD has had only one narrowband voice algorithm called Linear Predictive Coder (LPC). It is used in the Advanced Narrowband Digital Voice Terminals (ANDVTs) operating at 2400 bits per second (b/s). Currently, 40,000 ANDVTs have been deployed by the Navy, Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, and special government agencies. DoD is currently planning to develop a new narrowband voice terminal called the Future Narrowband Digital Terminal (FNBDT), which features a new voice processing algorithm called Mixed Excitation Linear Predictor (MELP) operating at 2400 b/s. In the future, LPC must interoperate with MELP. Therefore, it is essential to develop a technique that enables MELP and LPC to interoperate, so that secure voice service among narrowband users will not be interrupted during the transition period. Although LPC and MELP could interoperate through the age old tandeming method, resultant speech degradation would be very severe because the bit stream must be converted to the speech waveform, which is re-analyzed and re-encoded. Therefore, NRL investigated an alternative interoperation technique, called transcoding, where speech parameters, such as pitch, amplitude parameters, and filter parameters, are directly converted from one to the other vocoder. This report documents the computational steps required for transcoding and their theoretical basis. According to formalized tests, transcoding did not degrade speech intelligibility in comparison with LPC-10.
Polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase genes predict response and toxicity to capecitabine-raltitrexed in colorectal cancer (2007)

Pharmacogenetics is an increasingly useful field where the genetic studies are becoming an important tool for predicting drug toxicity and/or efficacy. Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) gene polymorphisms could be highly informative tools in the clinical handling of colorectal cancer patients, who are following fluoropyrimidine based chemotherapy. Fifty-eight patients, with non-resectable metastatic colorectal cancer, were treated with capecitabine and raltitrexed, every three weeks. Patients were divided in a good-response group (complete and partial response) and a poor-response group (stable and progression). A genotype panel TS-DPD was evaluated. Results show that TS genotype analysis clearly differentiates patients with a worst response to a 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy. DPD genotype was shown to be highly informative for prediction of toxicity of the treatment. These polymorphisms could represent an accurate, rapid and effective determination panel, indicative of resistance and toxicity for patients undergoing fluoropyrimidine based treatment.
THE IMPACT OF SAMPLING APPROACH ON POPULATION INVARIANCE IN AUTOMATED SCORING OF ESSAYS (2013)

ABSTRACT Many testing programs use automated scoring to grade essays. One issue in automated essay scoring that has not been examined adequately is population invariance and its causes. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sampling in model calibration on population invariance of automated scores. This study analyzed scores produced by the e‐rater ® scoring engine using a GRE ® assessment data set. Results suggested that equal allocation stratification by language sampling approach performed optimally in maximizing population invariance using either human/e‐rater agreement or their correlation pattern differences with external variables as evaluation criteria. Guidelines were given to assist practitioners in choosing a sampling design for model calibration. Potential causes for lack of population invariance, study limitations, and future research are discussed.
Industrial energy use and carbon emissions reduction in the chemicals sector: A UK perspective (2017)

The opportunities and challenges to reducing industrial energy demand and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the Chemicals sector are evaluated with a focus on the situation in the United Kingdom (UK), although the lessons learned are applicable across much of the industrialised world. This sector can be characterised as being heterogeneous; embracing a diverse range of products (including advanced materials, cleaning fluids, composites, dyes, paints, pharmaceuticals, plastics, and surfactants). It sits on the boundary between energy-intensive (EI) and non-energy-intensive (NEI) industrial sectors. The improvement potential of various technological interventions has been identified in terms of their energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Currently-available best practice technologies (BPTs) will lead to further, short-term energy and CO2 emissions savings in chemicals processing, but the prospects for the commercial exploitation of innovative technologies by mid-21st century are far more speculative. A set of industrial decarbonisation ‘technology roadmaps’ out to the mid-21st Century are also reported, based on various alternative scenarios. These yield low-carbon transition pathways that represent future projections which match short-term and long-term (2050) targets with specific technological solutions to help meet the key energy saving and decarbonisation goals. The roadmaps’ contents were built up on the basis of the improvement potentials associated with various processes employed in the chemicals industry. They help identify the steps needed to be undertaken by developers, policy makers and other stakeholders in order to ensure the decarbonisation of the UK chemicals industry. The attainment of significant falls in carbon emissions over this period will depends critically on the adoption of a small number of key technologies [e.g., carbon capture and storage (CCS), energy efficiency techniques, and bioenergy], alongside a decarbonisation of the electricity supply.
Boosting interval based literals1 (2001)

A supervised classification method for time series, even multivariate, is presented. It is based on boosting very simple classifiers: clauses with one literal in the body. The background predicates are based on temporal intervals. Two types of predic
Enhanced hole drift mobility in organopolysilane doped with low-molecular-weight charge carrier transport compounds (1990)

The ‘transport-active’ organopolysilanes doped molecularly with low-molecular-weight charge carrier transport compounds exhibited the highest hole drift mobility, 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1, for amorphous polymeric solids.