gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A unique population of cd34<sup>+</sup>cells in cord blood (1995)

Human umbilical cord blood (CB) is a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells for both research and stem cell transplantation. In clinical studies, it appears that recovery from myeloablative therapy using CB requires significantly fewer cells than a typical allogeneic marrow transplant. This suggests that CB may be enriched for early hematopoietic progenitors. The present studies were undertaken to determine the presence of CD34+ cells in CB with the phenotypic characteristics of multipotential stem cells. In 22 CB harvests, the average percentage of CD34+ cells was 1.33 +/- 0.21% (SE), a value similar to that in adult normal bone marrows (BM). However, the distribution of CD34+ cells was distinctly different from either BM or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilized peripheral blood stem cell harvests. CB contained a defined population of brightly staining CD34+ cells with low side scatter. These CD34 (bright) cells comprised a mean of 14.5 +/- 2.5% of the CB CD34+ cells, whereas < 1% of BM CD34+ cells has been shown to be CD34- bright. Eighty-five to ninety percent were negative for three antigens expressed at an early stage of stem cell maturation: CD38, HLA-DR and LFA-1. Fifty-five percent of these CD34 (bright) cells did not express the CD45RA isoform, an additional marker of immaturity. The antigen-bright cells also lacked lineage-specific antigens including CD33, CD56, CD19, CD10 and CD7 as well as CD71. Approximately 46% were Thy-1+, and 40% expressed c-kit receptors. These data suggest that, by phenotypic criteria, CB may be a particularly enriched source of primitive hematopoietic precursors.
Automated Nanomanufacturing System to Assemble Carbon Nanotube Based Devices (2009)

In this paper we report the design and implementation of a novel automated manufacturing system for carbon nanotube (CNT)-based nanodevices, which integrates a new dielectrophoretic (DEP) microchamber into a robotic-based deposition workstation. The microchamber has been fabricated to separate and select CNTs with the desired electronic property by using DEP force. Moreover, a series of tools for mass-producing consistent nanodevices has been developed with the CNT deposition workstation, such as computer-controllable micromanipulators and a micro-active nozzle. Detailed experimental studies of the CNT separation and deposition processes have been performed on both single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Preliminary results show that CNTs could be manipulated to multiple pairs of microelectrodes repeatedly. Consistent I—V characteristics and CNT formations of the fabricated devices were obtained. The yield of semi-conducting CNTs was also increased by using our system. Therefore, by using the proposed CNT separation and deposition system, CNT-based nanodevices with specific and consistent electronic properties can be manufactured automatically and effectively.
Enhanced induction of anti-tumor CTLs in vitro by a lentivirus-transduced dendritic cell vaccine expressing secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine and mucin 1. (2011)

DCs transduced with MUC1 could induce effective cytolytic activity against tumor cells in an antigen-specific and HLA-restricted fashion in vitro, and SLC promoted MUC1-specific anti-tumor activity. The transduction of DCs with LV SLC- MUC1 may be a promising strategy in DC-based cancer immunotherapy.
Silicon-Controlled Rectifier Stacking Structure for High-Voltage ESD Protection Applications (2010)

Latchup immunity is a challenging issue for the design of power supply clamps used in high-voltage electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection applications. While silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs) are highly robust ESD devices, they are traditionally not suited for high-voltage ESD due to their inherent low holding voltage and, thus, vulnerability to latchup. In this letter, a novel SCR stacking structure with an extremely high holding voltage, very small snapback, and acceptable failure current has been developed. The new and existing high holding voltage ESD devices are also compared to demonstrate the advancement of this work.
Quantum confinement in silver selenide semiconductor nanocrystals (2012)

We prepare Ag(2)Se nanocrystals with average diameters between 2.7 and 10.4 nm that exhibit narrow optical absorption features in the near to mid infrared. We demonstrate that these features are broadly tunable due to quantum confinement. They provide the longest wavelength absorption peaks (6.5 μm) yet reported for colloidal nanocrystals.
TSV stress aware timing analysis with applications to 3D-IC layout optimization (2010)

As the geometry shrinking faces severe limitations, 3D wafer stacking with through silicon via (TSV) has gained interest for future SOC integration. Since TSV fill material and silicon have different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), TSV causes silicon deformation due to different temperatures at chip manufacturing and operating. The widely used TSV fill material is copper which causes tensile stress on silicon near TSV. In this paper, we propose systematic TSV stress aware timing analysis and show how to optimize layout for better performance. First, we generate a stress contour map with an analytical radial stress model. Then, the tensile stress is converted to hole and electron mobility variations depending on geometric relation between TSVs and transistors. Mobility variation aware cell library and netlist are generated and incorporated in an industrial timing engine for 3D-IC timing analysis. It is interesting to observe that rise and fall time react differently to stress and relative locations with respect to TSVs. Overall, TSV stress induced timing variations can be as much as ± 10% for an individual cell. Thus as an application for layout optimization, we can exploit the stress-induced mobility enhancement to improve timing on critical cells. We show that stress-aware perturbation could reduce cell delay by up to 14.0% and critical path delay by 6.5% in our test case.
<title>VIGIL: a GPS-based target-tracking system</title> (1998)

The VIGILANTE project is a planned vision system capable of tracking and recognizing targets in real time, on a small airborne platform. The project consists of two parts: (1) the viewing imager/gimballed instrumentation laboratory (VIGIL), which is an IR and visible sensor platform with appropriate optics and (2) the analog neural 3D processing experiment (ANTE), a massive parallel, neural based, high- speed processor. The VIGIL platform is mounted on a helicopter equipped with Global Position System (GPS), Inertia Measurement Unit (IMU), gimbal, radio-link and anti- vibration platform. Also, a jet powered, radio controlled VIGILANTE Target Vehicle (VTV) has been manufactured and equipped with GPS. In the first stages of the project, the VIGIL system is used to acquire image sequences of the VTV for training and testing of the ANTE image recognition processor. Based on GPS and IMU input, the gimbal is pointed toward the VTV and acquires images. This paper describes the VIGIL system in detail. It discusses position-based pointing, tracking algorithms and the alignment procedure. Test imagery and an evaluation of the system will be presented.
Chemical Effect ofSERS with NearInfrared Excitation (1996)

We have studied the influence of halide and halate ions on the enhancement factors of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region. It was found that not only an electromagnetic enhancement mechanism but also a chemical enhancement mechanism contributes to the total surface enhancement in the NIR-SERS. The enhancement factor of the former is proportional to the absorption of the surface plasmon excitation resonance. Based on the experimental results, we formulated an expression for the estimation of the chemical enhancement factor. The chemical enhancement factors for pyridine on a colloidal silver surface were estimated to be approximately 69, 163, 27, 174 and 92 in the presence of Cl−, Br−, ClO3−, BrO3− and IO3− ions respectively.
Phylogeny of Dissimilatory Sulfite Reductases Supports an Early Origin of Sulfate Respiration (1998)

Microorganisms that use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration play a central role in the global sulfur cycle. Here, we report the results of comparative sequence analysis of dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DSR) genes from closely and distantly related sulfate-reducing organisms to infer the evolutionary history of DSR. A 1.9-kb DNA region encoding most of the alpha and beta subunits of DSR could be recovered only from organisms capable of dissimilatory sulfate reduction with a PCR primer set targeting highly conserved regions in these genes. All DNA sequences obtained were highly similar to one another (49 to 89% identity), and their inferred evolutionary relationships were nearly identical to those inferred on the basis of 16S rRNA. We conclude that the high similarity of bacterial and archaeal DSRs reflects their common origin from a conserved DSR. This ancestral DSR was either present before the split between the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya or laterally transferred between Bacteria and Archaea soon after domain divergence. Thus, if the physiological role of the DSR was constant over time, then early ancestors of Bacteria and Archaea already possessed a key enzyme of sulfate and sulfite respiration.
Relation of Certain Quantum Chemical Parameters to Lubrication Behavior of Solid Oxides (2005)

It is well-documented that certain oxides (such as Re2O7, B2O3, MoO3, V2O5, etc.) can provide friction coefficients of 0.1-0.3 to sliding surfaces at elevated temperatures and thus they are often referred to as lubricious oxides in the tribology literature. In a recently proposed crystal chemical model, Erdemir was able to establish a close correlation between the reported friction coefficients of such oxides and their ionic potentials [1]. In the present paper, we expand on this original concept and explore the relevance of two other quantum chemical parameters, electronegativity and chemical hardness, to the lubricity of solid oxides. These parameters have already been used by scientists to explain the nature of tribochemical interactions between various oil additives and sliding surfaces. It is conceivable that electronegativity and chemical hardness may also be strongly related to the extent of adhesive interactions and shear rheology of solid oxides and hence to their lubricity. The new results have confirmed that electronegativity, like ionic potential, is indeed a valid quantum chemistry parameter that can be used in predicting the lubrication behavior of solid oxides. Generally, the higher the electronegativity of the solid oxides is, the lower the friction coefficients will be. However, chemical hardness did not yield a similar trend. In light of these new findings, we propose some guidelines for the formulation of novel oxide or alloy systems that can lead to the formation of lubricious oxides at elevated temperatures. The findings of this study may pave the way for designer-based tribosystems in general and smart tribochemical systems in particular in future tribological applications such as dry machining.
Functional Reorganization of the Motor Cortex in Adult Rats after Cortical Lesion and Treatment with Monoclonal Antibody IN-1 (2003)

We previously reported anatomical plasticity in the adult motor cortex after a unilateral sensorimotor cortex (SMC) lesion and treatment with monoclonal antibody (mAb) IN-1, which permits neurite outgrowth from the intact, opposite cortex into deafferented subcortical targets. This study was designed to investigate whether treatment with the mAb IN-1 after SMC lesion in the adult leads to functional reorganization of the intact, opposite motor cortex. Adult rats underwent unilateral SMC aspiration lesion and treatment with either mAb IN-1 or control antibody, or no treatment. After a 6 week survival period, the intact, opposite forelimb motor cortex was explored using intracortical microstimulation to evoke forelimb movements. A dramatic increase in ipsilateral movements of the lesion-impaired forelimb was found in animals treated with mAb IN-1 compared with control animals. These results resembled our previous findings of cortical reorganization in the spared hemisphere after neonatal cortical lesion and without any additional treatment. These results show that, after adult cortical lesion, treatment with mAb IN-1 induces a functional reorganization of the intact, opposite motor cortex.
The Crowding Model as a Tool to Understand and Fabricate Gecko-Inspired Dry Adhesives (2009)

A model based on geometrical considerations of pillars in a square lattice is analyzed to predict its compression behavior under an applied normal load. Specifically, the “crowding model” analyzes the point at which tilting pillars become crowded onto neighboring pillars, which limits the achievable tilt angle under an applied normal load, which in turn limits their adhesion and friction forces. The crowding model is applied to the setal arrays of the tokay gecko. Good agreement is found between the predictions of the crowding model (a critical tilt angle of θc = 12.6° to the substrate corresponding to a vertical compression of Δz =49 μm of the setae within the setal array) and experimental data for the compression of tokay gecko setal arrays. The model is also used as a criterion to predict the number density of setae in a tokay gecko setal array based on the lateral inter-pillar spacing distance, s, between tetrads of setae and the effective diameter, d, of the tetrad. The model predicts a packing density of ∼14,200 setae/mm2, which is again in good agreement with the measured value of ∼14,400 setae/mm2. The crowding model can be used as a tool to determine the optimum geometrical parameters, including the diameter and the spacing distance between pillars, to fabricate dry adhesives inspired by the gecko.
Optimal dynamic pricing for morning commute parking (2014)

Morning commute parking is a challenging issue for both commuters and transportation planners. This paper proposes a procedure to maximise the benefits of parking management by optimal dynamic parking pricing. A generic parking model is presented for a set of sequential parking areas. Travellers make parking location choices and departure time choices to minimise their generalised travel cost, when provided with either information regarding time-varying parking occupancies and prices, or after sufficient day-to-day parking experience. We consider expected parking cruising time to be a function of parking occupancy. When parking demand is inflexible in departing schedules, we demonstrate that the system optimal (SO) pricing solution is not unique. The non-uniqueness offers flexibility to achieve additional parking management goals by dynamic prices, such as constant arrival rates (CAR). For the case where travellers have full flexibility to change their departure times, the SO solution is not practically achievable. We propose the CAR solution where the total cost is minimised constrained by that the arrival rates to each area exactly match a desired rate (e.g. flow capacity). We show that each parking area should be priced in such a way that a maximum occupancy cap should be imposed. Convenient parking spots should be high priced at the beginning of the morning commute and saved for the peak traffic. In addition, we derive the optimal parking prices with respect to average occupancies, which holds potentials to guide parking price adjustment for traffic management.
Infrared Absorption of Three-Layer Films* (1957)

The infrared absorption of three-layer films as presented here is a generalization of Hilsum’s solution to the problem. This infrared absorption is dependent on the optical parameters of the film, which in Hilsum’s calculation were the same for the entrance and exit film. The present calculation considers different optical parameters for the entrance and exit film; an absorption of over 95% is obtainable.
Reliable genotyping of samples with very low DNA quantities using PCR (1996)

Our purpose was to identify an experimental procedure using PCR that provides a reliable genotype at a microsatellite locus using only a few picograms of template DNA. Under these circumstances, it is possible (i) that one allele of a heterozygous individual will not be detected and (ii) that PCR-generated alleles or 'false alleles' will arise. A mathematical model has been developed to account for stochastic events when pipetting template DNA in a very dilute DNA extract and computer simulations have been performed. Laboratory experiments were also carried out using DNA extracted from a bear feces sample to determine if experimental results correlate with the mathematical model. The results of 150 typing experiments are consistent with the proposed model. Based on this model and the level of observed false alleles, an experimental procedure using the multiple tubes approach is proposed to obtain reliable genotypes with a confidence level of 99%. This multiple tubes procedure should be systematically used when genotyping nuclear loci of ancient or forensic samples, museum specimens and hair or feces of free ranging animals.
Fox Hunting (2004)

The genomes of humans and nonhuman primates differ by only a few percent, but the consequences are clear: We possess the faculty of language. Although cognitive functions are, as yet, difficult to describe in molecular terms, the linkage of mutations in the transcription factor FoxP2 to deficits in human speech and language has spurred two groups to look at FoxP2 in songbirds, which also display the capacity to modify innate vocalizations. Teramitsu et al. and Haesler et al. both find evidence for a role for FoxP2 (and possibly FoxP1) in vocal learning on the basis of comparing expression patterns in the brains of male and female zebra finches with those in other birds and animals. Of note is the differential expression in subcortical areas that are known to be involved in the integration of sensory input (song) and programmed motor output (singing). — GJC
Different torque ripple reduction methods for wind energy conversion systems using diode rectifier and boost converter (2011)

A conventional small-scale wind energy conversion system consists of a permanent magnet synchronous generator, a diode rectifier, a boost converter, and a grid-side inverter. Since the generator stator currents cannot be controlled independently using a diode rectifier, relatively large electromagnetic torque ripple results caused by the low frequency generator stator harmonic current. The torque ripple may cause detrimental effects on the turbine and shaft life time. This paper proposes different torque ripple reduction methods based on the conventional structure, by improving the control strategy. The features of different methods are discussed and compared. It is shown that the torque ripple can be significantly reduced by implementing simple control strategies. The results are confirmed by MATLAB/Simulink simulations and practically.
Oxidized HDL, Adipokines, and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Potential Biomarker Profile for Cardiovascular Risk in Women with Obesity (2018)

This study reveals a unique inflammatory biomarker profile in females with obesity.
A New Proton CT Scanner (2014)

The design, construction, and preliminary testing of a second generation proton CT scanner is presented. All current treatment planning systems at proton therapy centers use X-ray CT as the primary imaging modality for treatment planning to calculate doses to tumor and healthy tissues. One of the limitations of X-ray CT is in the conversion of X-ray attenuation coefficients to relative (proton) stopping powers, or RSP. This results in more proton range uncertainty, larger target volumes and therefore, more dose to healthy tissues. To help improve this, we present a novel scanner capable of high dose rates, up to 2~MHz, and large area coverage, 20~x~24~cm$^2$, for imaging an adult head phantom and reconstructing more accurate RSP values.
A CMOS programmable self-calibrating 13-bit eight-channel data acquisition peripheral (1987)

A 13-b self-calibrating algorithmic A/D converter with sample and hold and eight-channel multiplexer has been implemented in a standard 3-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Digital circuitry including a sequencer, instruction RAM, and microprocessor interface have been incorporated to implement a complete data-acquisition peripheral. The conversion algorithm, calibration technique, and gain trimming circuitry are described. A bandgap voltage reference with buffered output and additional output voltage proportional to absolute temperature has also been implemented. Experimental data show that the integral and differential linearity meets 1/2 LSB (least significant bit) at the 13-b level; the dynamic performance is such that harmonic distortion of better than 84 dB below the fundamental is achieved.
Recombinant Human Acid  -Glucosidase: High Level Production in Mouse Milk, Biochemical Characteristics, Correction of Enzyme Deficiency in GSDII KO Mice (1998)

Glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII) is caused by lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency. Patients have a rapidly fatal or slowly progressive impairment of muscle function. Enzyme replacement therapy is under investigation. For large-scale, cost-effective production of recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase in the milk of transgenic animals, we have fused the human acid alpha-glucosidase gene to 6.3 kb of the bovine alphaS1-casein gene promoter and have tested the performance of this transgene in mice. The highest production level reached was 2 mg/ml. The major fraction of the purified recombinant enzyme has a molecular mass of 110 kDa and resembles the natural acid alpha-glucosidase precursor from human urine and the recombinant precursor secreted by CHO cells, with respect to pH optimum, Km, Vmax, N-terminal amino acid sequence and glycosylation pattern. The therapeutic potential of the recombinant enzyme produced in milk is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The precursor is taken up in a mannose 6-phosphate receptor-dependent manner by cultured fibroblasts, is converted to mature enzyme of 76 kDa and depletes the glycogen deposit in fibroblasts of patients. When injected intravenously, the milk enzyme corrects the acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency in heart and skeletal muscle of GSDII knockout mice.
Strain relaxation of pseudomorphic Si1−xGex∕Si(100) heterostructures after Si+ ion implantation (2004)

The strain relaxation of pseudomorphic Si1−xGex layers (x=0.21,…,0.33) was investigated after low-dose Si+ ion implantation and annealing. The layers were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy or chemical vapor deposition on Si(100) or silicon-on-insulator. Strain relaxation of up to 75% of the initial strain was observed at temperatures as low as 850°C after implantation of Si ions with doses below 2×1014cm−2. We suggest that the Si implantation generates primarily dislocation loops in the SiGe layer and in the underlying Si which convert to strain relaxing misfit segments. The obtained results are comparable to strain relaxation achieved after He+ implantation with doses of 1–2×1016cm−2.