gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme Engineering, Future Directions (1981)

I. General Problems of Enzyme Engineering.- Stabilization and Reactivation of Enzymes.- Theory of Reliability and Kinetics of Inactivation of Biocatalytical Systems.- II. Carbohydrate Conversions with Enzymes.- Enzymatic Conversion of Cellulose to Glucose: Present State of the Art and Potential.- Immobilized Amyloglucosidase: Preparation, Properties, and Application for Starch Hydrolysis.- Substrate Stabilization of Soluble and Immobilized Glucoamylase against Heating.- III. Biomedical Possibilities of Enzyme Engineering.- Chemical Aspects of Enzyme Stabilization and Modification for use in Therapy.- Modification of Trypsin Pancreatic Inhibitor by Polysaccharides for Prolongation of Therapeutic Effect.- Enzymatic Modification of ?-Lactam Antibiotics: Problems and Perspectives.- Modification of Enzymes with Water Soluble Polymers.- Immobilized Enzymes and Other Materials for the Study of Mammalian Cell Surfaces.- IV. Enzyme Engineering in Energy Transfer, Photography, and Fine Chemical Processing.- Microorganisms as Hydrogen and Hydrogenase Producers.- Spatially Structured Enzyme Support Arrangements in Electrochemical Systems.- Application of Immobilized Enzyme Systems in Nonsilver Photography.- Immobilized Enzymes: A Breakthrough in Fine Chemicals Processing.- Problems of Efficiency and Optimization in Enzyme Engineering.- V. Enzymes in Food and Nutrition.- Novel Enzymatic Production of L-Malic Acid as an Alternative Acidulant to Citric Acid.- Application of Plant Phenol Oxidases in Biotechnological Processes.- Immobilized Enzymes in Nutritional Applications.- VI. Future Prospects.- Impact of Enzyme Engineering on Science Policy.- Some Thoughts on the Future.- Adresses of Authors.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Branched Polymers. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Anisotropy and mesophase formation towards carbon fibre production from coal tar and petroleum pitches: a review (2006)

Mesophase is a key issue to design carbon materials towards its properties and microstructures. The understanding of this intermediate phase has changed since it was first discovered. The removal of light molecules is necessary to produce mesophase, but the yield can be improved if other techniques, such as pressure and oxidation, can be used before they are carried out of the system, with nitrogen or vacuum. Anisotropic pitches can be produced throughout the traditional Brooks and Taylor mesophase spheres, rich in alpha-resins, or, avoiding them, with other techniques, such as solvent extraction or strong agitation, to generate, almost exclusively, beta-resins. Anisotropic pitches exhibiting almost 100% beta-resins have been melt-spun at lower temperatures, producing pitch carbon fibres of higher quality. Recent studies were able to explain why the behaviour of the pitches is so different, towards the pitch carbon fibre production, when their compositions, in terms of alpha-resins and beta-resins, change.
Strength and Deformation Properties of Autogenously Healed Mortars (1973)

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Stochastic Non-linear Hashing for Near-Duplicate Video Retrieval using Deep Feature applicable to Large-scale Datasets (2019)

With the development of video-related applications, media content has increased dramatically through applications. There is a substantial amount of near-duplicate videos (NDVs) among Internet videos, thus NDVR is important for eliminating near-duplicates from web video searches. This paper proposes a novel NDVR system that supports large-scale retrieval and contributes to the efficient and accurate retrieval performance. For this, we extracted keyframes from each video at regular intervals and then extracted both commonly used features (LBP and HSV) and new image features from each keyframe. A recent study introduced a new image feature that can provide more robust information than existing features even if there are geometric changes to and complex editing of images. We convert a vector set that consists of the extracted features to binary code through a set of hash functions so that the similarity comparison can be more efficient as similar videos are more likely to map into the same buckets. Lastly, we calculate similarity to search for NDVs; we examine the effectiveness of the NDVR system and compare this against previous NDVR systems using the public video collections CC_WEB_VIDEO. The proposed NDVR system's performance is very promising compared to previous NDVR systems.
A Bandwidth Extrapolation Technique for Improved Range Resolution of Coherent Radar Data. Revision 1 (1992)

A linear predictive bandwidth extrapolation (BWE) technique is introduced as a means of significantly improving the range resolution of pulse- compressed coherent radar data. Pulse compression schemes based on conventional Fourier techniques are efficient and robust; however, they often suffer from relatively poor resolution. This report describes the use of an autoregressive (AR) time-series model to extrapolate the spectral bandwidth of each uncompressed radar return signal. Subsequent Fourier transformation of the expanded spectral goal yields recompressed pulses with better range resolution than obtainable from conventional Fourier techniques. The linearity of the BWE process produces recompressed pulses that have a calibrated amplitude and phase response, thus allowing for a meaningful interpretation of the RCS and phase signatures of the target. In addition, high resolution range-Doppler images of the target can he generated since the coherence properties of the recompressed pulses are maintained by the BWE process. Simulations, radar range data, and applications of this technique to field data show very promising results.
Protein Production Development with Recombinant Vaccinia Virus (2004)

The vaccinia virus expression system was developed into a scaleable recombinant protein production process in perfused mammalian cell culture. Growth of anchorage dependent HeLa cells on microcarriers and the suspension adapted HeLa S3 cell line were studied in bioreactor cultures utilizing the ATF System or hollow fiber filter, respectively, for perfusion. Recombinant vaccinia virus expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a model protein was used to study the effects of several process parameters on expression. These included multiplicity of infection (MOI), volume during infection, serum concentration during infection, inducer concentration, timing of inducer addition relative to infection, and dissolved oxygen and temperature during the protein production phase. Increases in protein yield were made as each of these parameters was studied. The microcarrier based system reached 20 mg/l EGFP while the suspension based system achieved 27 mg/l under the conditions found through experiment. A second virus containing the gene for gp120, an HIV envelope coat protein with complex post-translational modifications, was produced in microcarrier based bioreactor culture with HeLa cells. The protein produced was purified and analyzed for post-translational modifications which found that half of the molecular weight was contributed through N-linked glycans. The reactor culture produced 10.5 mg/l gp120 at 96 hours post infection with an ID(50) of 3.1 µg/ml. A survey of expression, using both EGFP and gp120 expressing viruses, was conducted on several mammalian cell lines which may be more appropriate for commercial manufacturing processes. Results varied, depending on the protein produced, with HeLa cells producing the most EGFP and BS-C-1 the most gp120. 293 cells performed fairly well in both cases and their use in other manufacturing processes and ability to grow in serum-free suspension culture lead to a recommendation that they be considered for further process development. These studies have provided insight into the vaccinia virus expression system as a potentially large-scale production method for complex human proteins. Further optimization of the process could continue to increase the yields and potentially bring this viral process into the arena of available technologies for production.
Oliver Robert Gurney, M.A., D.Phil., F.B.A. (1980)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Graphical query specification and dynamic result previews for a digital library (1998)

Textual query languages based on Boolean logic are common amongst the search facilities of on-line information repositories. However, there is evidence to suggest that the syntactic and semantic demands of such languages lead to user errors and adversely affect the time that it takes users to form queries. Additionally, users are faced with user interfaces to these repositories which are unresponsive and uninformative, and consequently fail to support effective query refinement. We suggest that graphical query languages, particularly Venn-like diagrams, provide a natural medium for Boolean query specification which overcomes the problems of textual query languages. Also, dynamic result previews can be seamlessly integrated with graphical query specification to increase the effectiveness of query refinements. We describe VQuery, a query interface to the New Zealand Digital Library which exploits querying by Venn diagrams and integrated query result previews.
Quadratic Termination Properties of Minimization Algorithms II. Proofs of Theorems (1972)

This paper gives proofs of the results stated by Powell (1972), on the quadratic termination properties of a class of minimization algorithms. These results are relevant to many gradient methods for calculating the least value of a function of several variables, when there are no constraints on the variables, and when the variables are subject to linear constraints.
An Accelerated Test Method for Predicting the Useful Life of an LED Driver (2010)

This paper proposes an accelerated life-test method for LED drivers that use electrolytic capacitors at the output stage. The type of failure considered here is parametric. Estimated failure rates of power components suggest the electrolytic capacitor used at the driver output stage is the weakest link. As an electrolytic capacitor degrades, its capacitance decreases and its equivalent series resistance increases, contributing to an increase of output current ripple. Thus, the amplitude of the output current ripple is a good indicator of the degradation level of the electrolytic capacitor. Temperature was selected as the acceleration factor because LED drivers are usually exposed to elevated temperatures in typical applications. The current ripple was experimentally found to have a negative impact on light output and efficacy; therefore, the useful life of an LED driver is proposed as the time it takes for the output current ripple to reach its maximum rate of change. The relationship between the capacitor's positive pin temperature and the useful life of the LED driver was then established using the proposed definition. The accelerated life test shows that the LED driver's useful life is shortened exponentially, as the output electrolytic capacitor's operating temperature increases.
Catastrophe Insurance, Capital Markets and Uninsurable Risks (1996)

The authors wish to thank Professors Sandra Chamberlain of the Leavey School of Business Santa Clara
Red sea bream iridoviral disease (2005)

The first outbreak of red sea bream iridoviral disease caused by red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) was recorded in cultured red sea bream Pagrus major in Shikoku Island, Japan in 1990. Since 1991, the disease has caused mass mortalities of cultured marine fishes not only red sea bream but also many other species. The affected fish were lethargic and exhibited severe anemia, petechiae of the gills, and enlargement of the spleen. The causative agent was a large, icosahedral, cytoplasmic DNA virus classified as a member of the family Iridoviridae and was designated as red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV). The genome of RSIV is liner dsDNA and considered to be circularly permitted and terminally redundant like other iridoviruses. The length of physical map of RSIV genome is 112,415bp. An indirect immunofluorescence test with a monoclonal antibody and PCR are commonly used for the rapid diagnosis of RSIV infected fish in the field. For the control of this disease, a formalin-killed vaccine against red sea bream iridoviral disease was developed and now commercially available.
Dissociation of [<sup>35</sup>S]<i>t</i>‐Butylbicyclophosphorothionate Binding Differentiates Convulsant and Depressant Drugs that Modulate GABAergic Transmission (1985)

The dissociation of [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([35S]TBPT) from binding sites on membranes from rat cerebral cortex, after addition of saturating concentrations of convulsant and depressant drugs, was studied. The addition of unlabeled TBPT, picrotoxinin, or pentamethylenetetrazol resulted in dissociation patterns that were monophasic and not distinguishable, suggesting that these convulsants bind competitively to the same (convulsant) sites. In contrast, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) greatly facilitated [35S]TBPT dissociation by binding allosterically to the GABA recognition site of the receptor-ionophore complex. TBPT dissociation was similarly accelerated by the depressants etazolate, (+)-etomidate, and barbiturates. The convulsant and depressant S(+) and R(-) stereoisomers of N-methyl-5-phenyl-5-propyl-barbituric acid displayed large stereoselectivity in the acceleration of TBPT dissociation. These results suggest that depressants bind to sites different from the convulsant sites of the allosteric GABA receptor complex, or the binding of depressants to the same population of sites elicits negative cooperativity and dissociates the convulsants.
A Kalman Filter based Fast Noise Suppression Algorithm (2009)

We have proposed a robust noise suppression algorithm with Kalman filter theory [7]. In this paper, we propose a fast noise suppression algorithm by modifying the canonical state space model in [7]. The algorithm aims to achieve robust noise suppression with reduced computational complexity without sacrificing high quality of speech signal. The remarkable features of the proposed algorithm are that it can be realized by 3 multiplications and that it has the same performances or better ones compared with [7] despite the reduction of computational complexity under the same environments, using only the Kalman filter algorithm for the proposed canonical state space model with the colored driving source: (i) a vector state equation is composed of the only speech signal, and (ii) a scalar observation equation is composed of speech signal and additive noise. We have confirmation of validity of the proposed canonical state space model with the colored driving source, and also show the effectiveness through numerical results and subjective evaluation results.
Segmentation of image sequences using SOFM networks (2002)

We present a segmentation technique for image sequences using self organizing feature maps (SOFM). Our goal is to develop a method which can identify homogeneous regions in a frame to represent higher level objects for content based manipulation of image sequences. The proposed scheme extracts pixel based multiple features, such as motion and textures, and then, different weights are applied to each feature component based on motion confidence measures. These multiple feature spaces are transformed to one dimensional label space by using the SOFM. The oversegmentation neural network outputs are merged in order to generate desired segmentation resolution. Our experimental results show the validity of the proposed scheme.
Analysis of value creation and value capture in microfluidics market (2010)

Thesis (S.M. in System Design and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.
Preparation and structure‐property relationships of polymeric materials containing arylenevinylene segments — perspectives for new light‐emitting materials (1996)

Abstract Well defined oligo(arylenevinylene)s were prepared by Pd‐catalyzed coupling of dibromoarenes and styrenes. The mixing behavior of these oligo(arylenevinylene)s with polymers is significantly influenced by the structure of the oligo(arylenevinylene)s. Potential consequences for optical properties are discussed. Segmented polymers with arylenevinylene segments in the main chain are presented and discussed in detail. Light‐emitting thermotropic polymers were obtained with modified distyrylbenzene segments in the main chain. These thermotropic light‐emitting polymers show polarized photoluminescence on orientation on rubbed polyimide substrates. Light‐emitting amorphous polymers with high fluorophore concentrations and high glass transition temperatures were obtained by polymers with arylenevinylene segments in the side chain.
Motors, Clutches and Brakes for Membrane Traffic: A Commemorative Review in Honor of Thomas Kreis (2000)

Membranous organelles interact with a wide variety of cytoskeletal proteins that allow them to be organized into dynamic, yet stable, structures with distinct subcellular addresses. This review provides an up-to-date summary of the motor enzymes and membrane-microtubule crosslinking proteins that have been implicated in this process, and discusses the potential impact membrane anchoring may have on cellular architecture.
Metadata standards for data warehousing (2000)

Metadata has been identified as a key success factor in data warehouse projects. It captures all kinds of information necessary to analyse, design, build, use, and interpret the data warehouse contents. In order to spread the use of metadata, enable the interoperability between repositories, and tool integration within data warehousing architectures, a standard for metadata representation and exchange is needed. This paper considers two standards and compares them according to specific areas of interest within data warehousing. Despite their incontestable similarities, there are significant differences between the two standards which would make their unification difficult.
Four Probe Electrical Resistance Characterization of Carbon Fiber and Carbon Nanotube Buckypaper Composites (2016)

In this work, the electrical resistance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and carbon nanotube buckypaper (BP) composites has been studied. The specimens were prepared according to three different layup configurations. Three 16-ply unidirectional carbon fiber (CF) composites IM7/977-3 [0]16T, or CF16, were prepared and used as the baseline for the study. Additional specimens were prepared with the addition of 4 and 7 layers of BP. Experimental measurements of the electrical resistance have been performed using two methods. In the first method, six probes were attached to the top and bottom of the specimens and measurements were performed using the traditional 4-probe electrical resistance method (i.e. the electrodes span the entire width of the specimen) for composite laminates. The second method was based on a modification of the four-point probe method of the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K7194. Results were analyzed in order to observe the effects of the highly conductive buckypaper on the overall resistance of the composite laminates as well as to illuminate any trends between the number of BP layers added and the resulting changes to electrical resistance. The specimens with layers of BP were found to have lower resistance compared to the specimens with no BP. Moreover, as the number of BP layers increased from 4 to 7, the resistance continued to decrease. These results demonstrated two significant findings. First, the current not only flowed through the top CF layer but penetrated through the thickness, as evidenced by the lower resistance measured on the specimens with BP. Second, the decrease in resistance between the specimens with 4 and 7 layers of BP measured by the traditional 4-probe electrical resistance method was greater than predicted by finite element analysis (FEA) due to nonlinear edge effects. The method based on the JIS K7194 was found to reduce the influence of edge and geometry effects on resistance.
Optical measurement of picometer displacements of transparent microscopic objects (1990)

An optical laser differential interferometer, based on a modified differential interference contrast microscope, has been developed to measure the thermal motion of microscopic protrusions (stereocilia) that are the sites of mechanoelectrical transduction in auditory hair cells. The measurement sensitivity was limited at high frequencies mainly by shot noise, at intermediate frequencies by acoustic interference, and at low frequencies by thermal drift. The power spectral density of the instrumental noise was found to be as low as 1. pm/ radicalHz in the shot noise regime. We could, thus, measure the Brownian motion of hair bundles over the frequency range from 1 Hz-100 kHz. Experimental data that test and demonstrate the sensitivity and spatial discrimination of the instrument were found to be in agreement with theoretical estimates.
Induction of cytochrome P4501A1: a model for analyzing mammalian gene transcription (1996)

The induction of microsomal cytochrome P4501A1 by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons represents an interesting response by which mammalian cells adapt to xenobiotic exposure. Enzyme induction reflects increased transcription of the corresponding CYP1A1 gene. Analyses of the induction mechanism using genetic, biochemical, and molecular biological approaches have revealed a novel transcriptional regulatory pathway that involves ligand-dependent heterodimerization between two basic helix-loop-helix proteins (the Ah receptor and Arnt), interaction of the heterodimer with a xenobiotic-responsive enhancer, transmission of the induction signal from the enhancer to the CYP1A1 promoter, and alterations in chromatin structure. Current techniques permit examination of the induction mechanism in intact cells and analyses of the CYP1A1 gene in its native chromosomal configuration. Such experiments generate new insights into the control of mammalian transcription that are of relatively broad interest.
A Burst-Mode Word-Serial Address-Event Link—II: Receiver Design (2004)

We present a receiver for a scalable multiple-access inter-chip link that communicates binary activity between two-dimensional arrays fabricated in deep submicron CMOS. Recipients are identified by row and column addresses but these addresses are not communicated simultaneously. The row address is followed sequentially by a column address for each active cell in that row; this cuts pad count in half without sacrificing communication capacity. Column addresses are decoded as they are received but cells are not written individually. An entire burst is written to a row in parallel; this increases communication capacity with integration density. Rows are written one by one but bursts are not processed one at a time. The next burst is decoded while the last one is being written; this increases capacity further. We synthesized an asynchronous implementation by performing a series of program decompositions, starting from a high-level description. Links using this design have been implemented successfully in three generations of submicron CMOS technology.