gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Immunoassay Based on Monoclonal Antibody Reacted with the Neonicotinoid Insecticides Clothianidin and Dinotefuran (2012)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) was developed for the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin. A new clothianidin hapten (3-[5-(3-methyl-2-nitroguanidinomethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-ylthio] propionic acid) was synthesized and conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and was used for monoclonal antibody preparation. The resulting MoAb CTN-16A3-13 was characterized by a direct competitive ELISA (dc-ELISA). The 50% of inhibition concentration value with clothianidin was 4.4 ng/mL, and the working range was 1.5–15 ng/mL. The antibody showed high cross-reactivity (64%) to dinotefuran among the structurally related neonicotinoid insecticides. The recovery examinations of clothianidin for cucumber, tomato and apple showed highly agreement with the spiked concentrations; the recovery rate was between 104% and 124% and the coefficient of variation value was between 1.8% and 15%. Although the recovery rate of the dc-ELISA was slightly higher than that of HPLC analysis, the difference was small enough to accept the dc-ELISA as a useful method for residue analysis of clothianidin in garden crops.
Immunometric assay of low molecular weight haptens containing primary amino groups (1994)

A new enzyme immunometric assay of small haptens containing primary amino groups (thyroxine, MW 777; substance P, MW 1347; endothelin, MW 2492) is described. The procedure involves different sequential steps: (1) immunocapture of the haptens (standard or sample) by monoclonal anti-hapten antibodies coated on 96-well microtiter plates; (2) cross-linking of haptens via their amino groups to the wells using homobifunctional reagents (glutaraldehyde or disuccinimidyl suberate); (3) denaturing treatments (HCl or methanol); (4) measurement of linked epitope using the same monoclonal anti-hapten antibodies labeled with acetylcholinesterase. A minimal detectable concentration in the 4-10 fmoL/mL range was observed. Each assay appeared to be 70-200 times more sensitive than conventional competitive enzyme immunoassay using the same monoclonal antibody-coated plate technology and acetylcholinesterase-hapten conjugates as enzymatic tracers. Precision and specificity were very satisfying. Good correlation was noted between this assay and the competitive assays performed for different biological samples (plasma, tissues, or supernatant cell culture).
Plasma Factor VIII, Variables Affecting Stability under Standard Blood Bank Conditions and Correlation with Recovery in Concentrates (1978)

Some of the variables affecting factor VIII during storage of plasma at 4 C prior to preparing factor VIII concentrates and cryoprecipitates were investigated. No significant difference in factor VIII levels could be demonstrated between whole blood, platelet-rich plasma or plasma depleted of platelets when stored at 4 C. However, in frozen plasma platelets were shown to have a deleterious effect on factor VIII. No significant difference in factor VIII levels was found in whole blood or plasma stored at 4 C for 6 hours as compared with blood or plasma stored for 18 hours (p = greater than 0.1). There was, however, a highly significant difference (p = less than 0.001) between plasma and whole blood stored at 4 C for 4 hours as compared with storage for 18 hours. There was a significant correlation (correlation coefficient 0.714) between factor VIII levels in the starting material and the factor VIII recovered in cryoprecipitates, but in a small pilot study no correlation between factor VIII levels in the starting material and that recovered in freeze-dried concentrates, could be found. There was no significant difference in factor VIII levels between the Group O and Group A donations used in this study (p = greater than 0.1), and no correlation was found between the drop in pH during storage and the factor VIII decay pattern.
Multiple-frequency ultrasonic imaging using a multiple-resonance transducer (2009)

This paper investigates multiple-resonance transducers using 1-3 composite materials based on a thin piezoelectric transducer bonded with a thick plate resonator. The application of the transducer to clinical diagnosis involves speckle reduction using a compound-frequency method. Imaging experiments using pork liver, meat, and a phantom were conducted and demonstrated that flat, broadband characteristics are important in a multiple-resonance transducer used for multiple-frequency imaging.
Branched double-shelled TiO2 nanotube networks on transparent conducting oxide substrates for dye sensitized solar cells (2012)

A novel three-dimensional branched double-shelled TiO2 nanotube network (3DNTNs) structure was constructed on transparent conducting oxide substrates (TCO) by using a ZnO-nanorod array template-assisted method. Various morphological features, such as branch length and population density, could be easily tailored by simply modifying the growth time. The performances of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) fabricated with TiO2 3DNTNs are higher than those assembled with 1-dimensional nanotube arrays. The hollow branches filling in the spaces between the double-shelled stem nanotubes increase the amount of dye-loading, resulting in an enhanced light-harvesting ability.
Effect of host lattice on antigenicity of glycophorin in membranes. (1989)

The influence of the host lattice on the antigenicity of glycophorin in membranes was confirmed by complement-dependent immune lysis of liposomes with two rabbit antisera, which were prepared by immunization with either human red blood cells or isolated glycophorin A. The immune lysis by either antiserum depended on the kind of phospholipid in the liposomes. Anti-glycophorin antiserum more strongly recognized glycophorin in egg-lecithin membranes than in dipalmitoyl-lecithin membranes, as did anti-red blood cell antiserum. Cholesterol in the liposomal membranes influenced the antigenicity of glycophorin. The relationship between the state of glycophorin in membranes and recognition by antibody is discussed.
Application of Rho Antagonist to Neuronal Cell Bodies Promotes Neurite Growth in Compartmented Cultures and Regeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cell Axons in the Optic Nerve of Adult Rats (2005)

Inactivation of Rho promotes neurite growth on inhibitory substrates and axon regeneration in vivo. Here, we compared axon growth when neuronal cell bodies or injured axons were treated with a cell-permeable Rho antagonist (C3-07) in vitro and in vivo. In neurons plated in compartmented cultures, application of C3-07 to either cell bodies or distal axons promoted axonal growth on myelin-associated glycoprotein substrates. In vivo, an injection of C3-07 into the eye promoted regeneration of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in the optic nerve after microcrush lesion. Delayed application of C3-07 promoted RGC growth across the lesion scar. Application of C3-07 completely prevented RGC cell death for 1 week after axotomy. To investigate the mechanism by which Rho inactivation promotes RGC growth, we studied slow axonal transport. Reduction in slow transport of cytoskeletal proteins was observed after axotomy, but inactivation of Rho did not increase slow axonal transport rates. Together, our results indicate that application of a Rho antagonist at the cell body is neuroprotective and overcomes growth inhibition but does not fully prime RGCs for active growth.
CAMAR Tag Framework: Context-Aware Mobile Augmented Reality Tag Framework for Dual-reality Linkage (2009)

In this paper, we propose a novel tag framework for sharing information in dual-reality space, which is based on context-aware mobile augmented reality (CAMAR). When a user selects a target object to be tagged onto dual-reality, the proposed framework and procedures create CAMAR Tag with a userpsilas mobile device to be registered in virtual space. CAMAR Tag is able to play a role as a reference point, a sharing point and a key of contextual searching. We present a concept behind CAMAR Tag and how it can be generated, implemented and deployed in dual-reality.
Energy deposition by soft x-rays - an application to lithography for VLSI (1979)

The energy deposited in x-ray irradiated low atomic number materials bounded by high atomic number elements can be much greater than the bulk dose. This effect has been studied for x-rays above 10 keV but the region below this energy has not been explored. The development of x-ray lithography for the mass production of integrated circuits with submicron linewidths, and the associated problems of energy deposition in sensitive regions of processed circuits, photoresists, and x-ray masks, has motivated the study reported here of dose enhancement effects in the low energy region. Computations were based upon a semiempirical model of energy deposition and charge transfer that had previously been successfully applied to soft x-ray emission (below 10 keV) and to energy deposition at high energies. It was found that x-ray absorption edges dominate the qualitative and quantitative features of enhancement effects at energies below 10 keV. The result is abrupt changes in the magnitude of the enhancement with small changes in photon energy. The combined effect of absorption edges and enhancement, lead to a factor of ten difference in the peak dose to sensitive device regions, depending upon the characteristic x-ray line selected. The enhancement has a particularly strong effect upon the contrast achievable with x-ray masks. This is due to the fact that dose enhancement, in effect, sensitizes the photoresist to bremsstrahlung. These studies indicate that for the configurations investigated, operating at x-ray line energies below 1.5 keV offers a distinct advantage from the point of view of minimizing device damage and achieving a desirable degree of contrast.
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor is differentially regulated by progesterone and estradiol in rat uterine epithelial and stromal cells (1994)

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) cDNA was isolated from a subtracted cDNA library that selected for progesterone-induced transcripts from rat uterine stromal cells. In this study, the effects of progesterone and estradiol on the expression of HB-EGF in mature rat uterine epithelial and stromal cells have been examined. RNase protection assays and in situ hybridization demonstrated that progesterone stimulated expression of HB-EGF in rat uterine stromal cells, but repressed levels of HB-EGF mRNA in luminal and glandular epithelial cells. In contrast, estradiol treatment strongly enhanced HB-EGF expression in epithelial cells, but had no effect on mRNA levels for this growth factor in stromal cells. Progesterone treatment followed by estradiol injection stimulated HB-EGF expression in stromal cells and repressed expression in luminal and glandular epithelium. Stimulation of HB-EGF expression in stromal cells by progesterone was not inhibited by treatment with cycloheximide, demonstrating that HB-EGF mRNA expression is a primary response of stromal cells to progesterone. These results reveal that expression of HB-EGF is stimulated in epithelial and stromal cells in vivo under the same hormonal conditions that induce cell proliferation in each of these cell types and strongly suggest that HB-EGF may mediate the mitogenic effects of steroid hormones in the rat uterus.
Alkylations with methyl and ethyl fluorosulphonates (1968)

M. G. Ahmed, R. W. Alder, G. H. James, M. L. Sinnott and M. C. Whiting, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 1533 DOI: 10.1039/C19680001533
Slow-wave sleep, acetylcholine, and memory consolidation (2004)

There has been a long history of experimentation and conjecture about a potentially critical role in memory consolidation for brain processes unique to sleep (1–3). A role for sleep in memory consolidation is consistent with the fact that new memory traces are not instantly fixed but rather remain susceptible to neuromodulatory influences for several hours after acquisition and require protein synthesis to become stable long-term memories (4). And while it has been clearly demonstrated that sleep deprivation can impair later memory for recently acquired declarative and procedural memory, the precise mechanisms by which sleep may aid or mediate memory storage processes are not known (3, 5). Activation of the cholinergic system has been demonstrated to enhance attention, learning, and memory consolidation and to facilitate plasticity after physiological manipulations and during development (6–8). Acetylcholine levels are high during waking and rapid eye movement (REM; also known as paradoxical) sleep (9). These observations seem consistent with the possibility that REM sleep may play an important role in facilitating synaptic plasticity of recently acquired memory traces. However, the great similarities between the waking and REM sleep states beg the question: What about REM sleep relative to waking is privileged for memory consolidation? Explicitly, REM sleep episodes follow deep slow-wave sleep (SWS) episodes. New findings by Gais and Born (10) presented in this issue of PNAS provide compelling evidence in human subjects that SWS and the accompanying low levels of acetylcholine during SWS may mediate a critical memory consolidation process. These findings support two-stage models …
Current Cancer Therapeutics (2001)

Current Cancer Therapeutics, Fourth Edition, written by more than 60 renowned authors, provides an insightful guide to the overwhelming influx of knowledge on an array of cancer types, as well as protocols for treatment and supportive care. Divided into four easy-to-read sections; healthcare professionals can easily find key data on pharmacokinetics, drug indications, and toxicities, plus concise summaries of epidemiology and comprehensive management guidance for complications such as hematological, neurological, and cardiopulmonary toxicities. Cutting-edge information, paired with a variety of professionally prepared tables and charts, makes this an unparalleled resource for all healthcare professionals working with this complex disease
Symbiotic Marine Bacteria Chemically Defend Crustacean Embryos from a Pathogenic Fungus (1989)

Embryos of the shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus are remarkably resistant to infection by the fungus Lagenidium callinectes, a recognized pathogen of many crustaceans. An Alteromonas sp. bacterial strain consistently isolated from the surface of the embryos, produces 2,3-indolinedione (isatin), a compound that inhibits the pathogenic fungus. If exposed to the fungus, bacteria-free embryos quickly die, whereas similar embryos reinoculated with the bacteria or treated only with 2,3-indolinedione live well. The commensal Alteromonas sp. bacteria protect shrimp embryos from fungal infection by producing and liberating the antifungal metabolite 2,3-indolinedione.
A novel current tracking method for active filters based on a sinusoidal internal model (2002)

A new current control method based on the internal model principle in control theory is proposed. It introduces a sinusoidal internal model into the control system. It does not use any coordinate transformations. The method can be used for tracking an arbitrary number of harmonics; a DC component or a fundamental frequency component signal. It is applied to a single-phase PWM inverter and active filter. The validity is confirmed by simulation and experimental results.
Imaging of Resonant Quenching of Surface Plasmons by Quantum Dots (2006)

In scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), confinement of surface plasmons to the optical cavity formed at the metallic tunneling gap stimulates the emission of light. We demonstrate that quantum dots (QDs) found in such a cavity give rise to discrete, observable transitions in the tunneling luminescence spectrum due to the resonant extinction of the plasmon. The observed resonances represent a fingerprint of the QD and occur at the optical band gap owing to the nearly simultaneous transfer of carriers from both sides of the tunneling gap to the QD. The resonant quenching of surface plasmons enables a new imaging technique, dubbed plasmon resonance imaging, with a spatial resolution potentially similar to that of STM and the energy resolution of optical spectroscopies. This detection and imaging strategy is not restricted to QDs, being of great interest to an entire spectrum of nanostructures, from molecular assemblies and biomolecules to carbon nanotubes.
Role of myristoylation in membrane attachment and function of G alpha i-3 on Golgi membranes (1996)

Heterotrimeric G protein alpha-subunits localized on the cytoplasmic face of Golgi membranes are involved in regulating vesicle trafficking and protein secretion. We investigated the role of myristoylation in attachment of the G alpha i-3 subunit to Golgi membranes. G alpha i-3 was epitope-tagged by insertion of a FLAG sequence at an NH2-terminal site predicted to interfere with myristoylation, and the resulting NT-alpha i-3 construct was stably transfected and expressed in polarized epithelial LLC-PK1 cells. Metabolic labeling confirmed that the translation product of NT-alpha i-3 was not myristoylated. In contrast to endogenous G alpha 1-3, which is tightly bound to Golgi membranes, the unmyristoylated FLAG-tagged NT-alpha i-3 did not attach to membranes; it was localized by immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm of LLC-PK1 cells and was detected only in the cytosol fraction of cell homogenates. Pertussis toxin-dependent ADP-ribosylation was used to test the ability of NT-alpha i-3 to interact with membrane-bound beta gamma-subunits. In both in vitro and in vivo assays, cytosolic NT-alpha i-3 alone was not ADP-ribosylated, although in the presence of membranes it could interact with G beta gamma-subunits to form heterotrimers. The expression of NT-alpha i-3 in LLC-PK1 cells altered the rate of basolateral secretion of sulfated proteoglycans, consistent with the demonstrated function of endogenous G alpha i-3. These data are consistent with a model in which G alpha i-3 utilizes NH2-terminal myristoylation to bind to Golgi membranes and to maximize its interaction with G beta gamma-subunits. Furthermore, our results show that stable attachment of G alpha i-3 to Golgi membranes is not required for it to participate as a regulatory element in vesicle trafficking in the secretory pathway.
Comparison of performance characteristics of P84 composite fabrics and other fabrics in dust collectors. (1990)

P84 composite fabrics describe a group of filter media having P84 fibres on different substrates. Experimental and industrial applications in dust collectors have revealed that P84 composite fabrics are capable of yielding high separation efficiencies, high air flow rates and low pressure drops at the same time.
Crystal deposition diseases: out of sight, out of mind (2005)

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Division of Rheumatology, Nater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Correspondence to Geraldine McCarthy, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland E-mail: [email protected]
Toward wide-scale all-optical transparent networking: the ACTS optical pan-European network (OPEN) project (1998)

The European ACTS project optical pan-European network (OPEN) aims at assessing the feasibility of an optical pan-European overlay network, interconnecting major European cities by means of a mesh of high-capacity optical fiber links, cross-connected through transparent photonic nodes. Both the transmission links and the routing network elements rely on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) all-optical technologies, such as wavelength translation. This paper presents results obtained in the following domains covered within the project: network topology considerations (optimization and dimensioning); network physical layer simulation; fabrications of packaged functional modules based on advanced optoelectronic devices; laboratory demonstrations of N/spl times/10 Gb/s transmission and routing; feasibility of an optical time division multiplexing/WDM (OTDM/WDM) interface; and the field implementation of a 4/spl times/4 multiwavelength crossconnect prototype, featuring all-optical space and wavelength routing. This implementation was realized in two cross-border field trials, one conducted between Norway and Denmark and the other between France and Belgium. The final results of the Norway to Denmark field trials are presented, featuring the successful cascade of three wavelength-translating optical crossconnects (OXCs), along with the transmission over 1000 km of a mix of standard/submarine cable links for four channels at 2.5 Gb/s.
Noninvasive potassium measurements from ECG analysis during hemodialysis sessions (2009)

It is well known that blood potassium concentration [K+] has a strong influence on ECG signal and particularly on T-wave morphology. No quantitative relations between parameters derived from ECG analysis and potassium levels in the blood have been established for clinical use. We developed a new method to quantify [K+] from T-wave analysis in real-time and tested it on data from dialysis patients, in which [K+] varies significantly during the session. The agreement between ECG-based potassium estimator and the reference potassium measurements was good (absolute error: 0.49±0.16 mM) for most of the sessions (30/39) except for 9 (absolute error: 1.17±0.36 mM) in which the presence of a systematic error all along the session did not allow reliable estimates. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the overall systematic error was almost null (−0.03 mM) whereas the standard deviation was 0.83 mM. The manual correction of the bias over each dialysis session resulted in excellent results for all patients. Preliminary results are promising although further investigation is required to understand the reason for session-dependent bias in some patients.
Immunoblot Analysis (2008)

Immunoblotting (western blotting) is a rapid and sensitive assay for the detection and characterization of proteins that works by exploiting the specificity inherent in antigen-antibody recognition. It involves the solubilization and electrophoretic separation of proteins, glycoproteins, or lipopolysaccharides by gel electrophoresis, followed by quantitative transfer and irreversible binding to nitrocellulose, PVDF, or nylon. The immunoblotting technique has been useful in identifying specific antigens recognized by polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies and is highly sensitive (1 ng of antigen can be detected). This unit provides protocols for protein separation, blotting proteins onto membranes, immunoprobing, and visualization using chromogenic or chemiluminescent substrates.