gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heavy-ball: A new approach to tame delay and convergence in wireless network optimization (2016)

The last decade has seen significant advances in optimization-based resource allocation and control approaches for wireless networks. However, the existing work suffer from poor performance in one or more of the metrics of optimality, delay, and convergence speed. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, we introduce a largely overlooked but highly effective heavy-ball optimization method. Based on this heavy-ball technique, we develop a cross-layer optimization framework that offers utility-optimality, fast-convergence, and significant delay reduction. Our contributions are three-fold: i) we propose a heavy-ball joint congestion control and routing/scheduling framework for both single-hop and multi-hop wireless networks; ii) we show that the proposed heavy-ball method offers an elegant three-way trade-off in utility, delay, and convergence, which is achieved under a near index-type simple policy; and more importantly, iii) our work opens the door to an unexplored network control and optimization paradigm that leverages advanced optimization techniques based on “memory/momentum” information.
Toward Martian agriculture: responses of plants to hypobaria. (2002)

The recent surge of interest in human missions to Mars has also generated considerable interest in the responses of plants to hypobaria (reduced atmospheric pressure), particularly among those in the advanced life support community. Potential for in situ resource utilization, challenges in meeting engineering constraints for mass and energy, the prospect of using lightweight plant growth structures on Mars, and the minimal literature on plant responses to low pressure all suggest much needed research in this area. However, the limited literature on hypobaria combined with previous findings on plant responses to atmospheric composition and established principles of mass transfer of gases suggest that some plants will be capable of tolerating and growing at pressures below 20 kPa; and for other species, perhaps as low as 5-10 kPa. In addition, normal and perhaps enhanced growth of many plants will likely occur at reduced partial pressures of oxygen (e.g., 5 kPa). Growth of plants at such low and partial pressures indicates the feasibility of cultivating plants in lightweight, transparent "greenhouses" on the surface of Mars or in other extraterrestrial or extreme environment locations. There are numerous, accessible terrestrial analogs for moderately low pressure ranges, but not for very low and extremely low atmospheric pressures. Research pertaining to very low pressures has been historically restricted to the use of vacuum chambers. Future research prospects, approaches, and priorities for plant growth experiments at low pressure are considered and discussed as they apply to prospects for Martian agriculture.
Laser‐induced periodic surface structure on a polymer surface: The effect of a prerubbing treatment on the surface structure (2003)

Abstract The influence of the mechanical rubbing of a polyimide (PI) film on the laser‐induced periodic structure (LIPS) was demonstrated. The periodicity and amplitude of LIPS were greater when the rubbing direction was parallel to the laser polarization direction. The amplitude became small and the periodicity of LIPS did not show an obvious change when the rubbing direction was perpendicular to the laser polarization direction. The effect of the rubbing pretreatment on LIPS was explained on the basis of the wave‐guide effect of rubbing‐induced microgrooves on LIPS formation. The orientation of PI chains induced by mechanical rubbing was relaxed after laser irradiation, and a new orientation of PI chains was formed during the LIPS formation. When the rubbing direction was perpendicular to the laser polarization direction, the orientation of PI chains remained in the rubbing direction. The laser‐irradiated, perpendicularly rubbed PI surface could be used to verify the effects of surface morphologies and intermolecular interactions on liquid‐crystal alignment. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1273–1280, 2003
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment (1999)

1. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 2. Fragile X Syndrome 3. Tourette Syndrome 4. Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy in Males 5. Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy in Females 6. Angelman Syndrome and Prader-Willi Syndrome 7. 22q Deletion Syndromes 8. Williams Syndrome 9. Smith-Magenis Syndrome
Design, construction, and testing of a supercapacitive swing adsorption module for CO<sub>2</sub> separation (2017)

We present a device which is able to separate gases from a gas stream using supercapacitive energy. When a small bias (1 V) is applied to the electrodes and a CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> mixture is fed through the device, carbon dioxide is selectively adsorbed to those electrodes, and N<sub>2</sub> leaves the device in a purified form. When the module is discharged, the CO<sub>2</sub> is quantitatively desorbed, and leaves the device in a concentrated form. A single module is able to concentrate CO<sub>2</sub> from 15% in the feed gas to 46% in the effluent gas. The energy invested to charge the electrodes can be largely recovered upon discharge. At a charging current of 1 mA an energy recovery rate of 78% can be reached and the associated total energy consumption of the device is 57 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>.
Genome-Wide Analyses of Metal Responsive Genes in Caenorhabditis elegans (2012)

Metals are major contaminants that influence human health. Many metals have physiologic roles, but excessive levels can be harmful. Advances in technology have made toxicogenomic analyses possible to characterize the effects of metal exposure on the entire genome. Much of what is known about cellular responses to metals has come from mammalian systems; however the use of non-mammalian species is gaining wider attention. Caenorhabditis elegans is a small round worm whose genome has been fully sequenced and its development from egg to adult is well characterized. It is an attractive model for high throughput screens due to its short lifespan, ease of genetic mutability, low cost, and high homology with humans. Research performed in C. elegans has led to insights in apoptosis, gene expression, and neurodegeneration, all of which can be altered by metal exposure. Additionally, by using worms one can potentially study mechanisms that underline differential responses to metals in nematodes and humans, allowing for identification of novel pathways and therapeutic targets. In this review, toxicogenomic studies performed in C. elegans exposed to various metals will be discussed, highlighting how this non-mammalian system can be utilized to study cellular processes and pathways induced by metals. Recent work focusing on neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease will be discussed as an example of the usefulness of genetic screens in C. elegans and the novel findings that can be produced.
Motion Prediction Under Multimodality with Conditional Stochastic\n Networks (2017)

Given a visual history, multiple future outcomes for a video scene are\nequally probable, in other words, the distribution of future outcomes has\nmultiple modes. Multimodality is notoriously hard to handle by standard\nregressors or classifiers: the former regress to the mean and the latter\ndiscretize a continuous high dimensional output space. In this work, we present\nstochastic neural network architectures that handle such multimodality through\nstochasticity: future trajectories of objects, body joints or frames are\nrepresented as deep, non-linear transformations of random (as opposed to\ndeterministic) variables. Such random variables are sampled from simple\nGaussian distributions whose means and variances are parametrized by the output\nof convolutional encoders over the visual history. We introduce novel\nconvolutional architectures for predicting future body joint trajectories that\noutperform fully connected alternatives \\cite{DBLP:journals/corr/WalkerDGH16}.\nWe introduce stochastic spatial transformers through optical flow warping for\npredicting future frames, which outperform their deterministic equivalents\n\\cite{DBLP:journals/corr/PatrauceanHC15}. Training stochastic networks involves\nan intractable marginalization over stochastic variables. We compare various\ntraining schemes that handle such marginalization through a) straightforward\nsampling from the prior, b) conditional variational autoencoders\n\\cite{NIPS2015_5775,DBLP:journals/corr/WalkerDGH16}, and, c) a proposed\nK-best-sample loss that penalizes the best prediction under a fixed "prediction\nbudget". We show experimental results on object trajectory prediction, human\nbody joint trajectory prediction and video prediction under varying future\nuncertainty, validating quantitatively and qualitatively our architectural\nchoices and training schemes.\n
A technique to improve the performance of serial, matched-filter acquisition in direct-sequence spread-spectrum packet radio communications (2005)

In this paper, we examine a simple method to improve the performance of serial, matched-filter acquisition in direct-sequence spread-spectrum packet radio communications. Each packet transmission includes an acquisition preamble, and the preamble sequence is changed at the boundaries of predefined time epochs based on a pseudorandom sequence generator. It is shown in previous work that the presence of an intermediate-frequency filter and the characteristics of the automatic gain-control subsystem lead to a probability of not acquiring that is a nonmonotonic function of the signal-to-noise ratio if the acquisition algorithm uses a threshold-crossing detector with a fixed threshold. The acquisition algorithm presented in this paper employs an estimator to adaptively select the acquisition threshold for each test statistic. It is shown that this technique reduces the severity of the nonmonotonicity and substantially improves the acquisition performance.
Biological neural architecture for chromatic adaptation resulting in constant color sensations (2002)

A multistage color model (De Valois, 1993) was modified and extended to a color appearance model of parvocellular foveal color vision realizing a chromatic adaptation inside a physiologically motivated fundamental color space. This results in prediction of color appearance of object colors under various states of adaptation. During the observation of several scenes there is an endeavour to move toward a steady state color-context independent model. By this way an average level of color sensation synonymous with constant color sensations is achieved.
Direct visualization of the dynamics of membrane‐anchor proteins in living cells (2007)

Dynamic properties of proteins have crucial roles in understanding protein function and molecular mechanism within cells. In this paper, we combined total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy with oblique illumination fluorescence microscopy to observe directly the movement and localization of membrane-anchored green fluorescence proteins in living cells. Total internal reflect illumination allowed the observation of proteins in the cell membrane of living cells since the penetrate depth could be adjusted to about 80 nm, and oblique illumination allowed the observation of proteins both in the cytoplasm and apical membrane, which made this combination a promising tool to investigate the dynamics of proteins through the whole cell. Not only individual protein molecule tracks have been analyzed quantitatively but also cumulative probability distribution function analysis of ensemble trajectories has been done to reveal the mobility of proteins. Finally, single particle tracking has acted as a compensation for single molecule tracking. All the results exhibited green fluorescence protein dynamics within cytoplasm, on the membrane and from cytoplasm to plasma membrane.
Monodentate σ-N and Bidentate σ-N,σ-N‘ Coordination of 1,1-Bis((<i>N</i>-<i>p</i>-tolylimino)diphenylphosphoranyl)ethane, CHCH<sub>3</sub>(PPh<sub>2</sub>NC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-4-CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, to Platinum(II) (1996)

The new ligand, 1,1-bis((N-p-tolylimino)diphenylphosphoranyl)ethane (1,1-BIPE), 1, has been synthesized by means of a Staudinger reaction of 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (1,1-dppe) with 2 equiv of p-tolylazide. Bridge-splitting reactions of Pt(2)Cl(4)(PR(3))(2) with 1 readily afforded sigma-N monodentate complexes, [PtCl(2)(PR(3)){1,1-BIPE-sigmaN}] (2a, PR(3) = PEt(3); 2b, PR(3) = PMe(2)Ph). Conversion of 2 into the six-membered platinacycle [PtCl(PR(3)){1,1-BIPE-sigmaN,sigmaN'}](+)[X](-) (3) (X = Cl, PtCl(3)(PR(3)), BF(4)) took place after prolonged stirring, its reaction rate being strongly dependent on the type of phosphine (>5 days for 2ain the presence of NaBF(4), 1 h for 2b) and the metal-to-ligand ratio. The compounds 1, 2, and 3 have been fully characterized by (1)H, (31)P{(1)H}, and (13)C{(1)H} NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, or FAB mass spectroscopy. The molecular structures of CHCH(3)(PPh(2)=NC(6)H(4)-4-CH(3))(2) (1) and [PtCl(PMe(2)Ph){(N(pTol)=PPh(2))(2)CHCH(3)}](+)[Cl](-) (3b) have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data for 1: space group P2(1)/c with a = 8.9591(5) Å, b = 19.1961(12) Å, c = 21.9740(9) Å, beta = 105.069(4) degrees, V = 3649.1(3) Å(3), and Z = 4. The structure refinement converged to R = 0.080 and R(w) = 0.109. Crystal data for 3b: monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c with a = 12.4021(7) Å, b = 16.9705(11) Å, c = 23.760(2) Å, beta = 109.544(5) degrees, V = 4712.7(5) Å(3), and Z = 4. The structure refinement converged to R1 = 0.057, wR2 = 0.122. Variable temperature NMR spectroscopy has revealed that complexes 3 exclusively adopt a twisted boat conformation with the methyl group in equatorial position at low temperature, in agreement with the solid state structure of 3b as determined by X-ray crystallography. Boat-to-boat inversion is assumed to take place at temperatures above 293 K. Furthermore, for 3, hindered rotation of one of the p-tolyl substituents on nitrogen has been established at low temperatures.
Thermal conductivity of opal filled with a LiIO3 ionic conductor (2003)

The temperature dependences of the thermal conductivity of a synthetic opal and opal-based nano-composites prepared by introducing a LiIO3 superionic conductor into pores of the opal matrix from an aqueous solution or melt are measured by the hot-wire technique in the temperature range 290–420 K. It is demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of pure opal increases with an increase in the diameter of the SiO2 spheres forming a face-centered cubic lattice of an opal and is determined by the total thermal resistance of interfaces between the spheres. Filling of opal pores with the ionic conductor leads to an increase in the thermal conductivity. The behavior of the thermal conductivity and its magnitude in opal-based nanocomposites depend to a large extent on the method of filling the matrix pores.
Mechanisms of Antihypertensive Drug Therapy (1970)

Recognizing that most patients with moderate or severe elevation of diastolic blood pressure require a double or triple antihypertensive drug regimen and, also, that the presence of hypertensive complications further modifies drug selection, it is readily apparent that the therapist must be intimately familiar with the clinical pharmacology of these drugs, if he is to achieve the optimum result. The purpose of this communication is to review mechanisms of action and hemodynamic effects of the commonly employed antihypertensive drugs. <h3>Orally Given Diuretics</h3> Of the various groups of antihypertensive drugs, the diuretics for oral administration have the greatest overall clinical usefulness. Their therapeutic advantages may be summarized as follows: (1) they lower blood pressures with the patient in both the supine and erect positions, (2) the overall incidence of side reactions accompanying their usage is low, (3) their antihypertensive effects are maintained despite prolonged administration, and (4) the orally given diuretics
Controlled Synthesis of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/ZIF‐8 Nanoparticles for Magnetically Separable Nanocatalysts (2015)

Fe3O4/ZIF-8 nanoparticles were synthesized through a room-temperature reaction between 2-methylimidazolate and zinc nitrate in the presence of Fe3O4 nanocrystals. The particle size, surface charge, and magnetic loading can be conveniently controlled by the dosage of Zn(NO3)2 and Fe3O4 nanocrystals. The as-prepared particles show both good thermal stability (stable to 550 °C) and large surface area (1174 m(2) g(-1)). The nanoparticles also have a superparamagnetic response, so that they can strongly respond to an external field during magnetic separation and disperse back into the solution after withdrawal of the magnetic field. For the Knoevenagel reaction, which is catalyzed by alkaline active sites on external surface of catalyst, small Fe3O4/ZIF-8 nanoparticles show a higher catalytic activity. At the same time, the nanocatalysts can be continuously used in multiple catalytic reactions through magnetic separation, activation, and redispersion with little loss of activity.
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) action in rat articular chondrocytes: comparison of PTH(1–34), PTHrP(1–34), PTHrP(1–141), PTHrP(100–114) and antisense oligonucleotides against PTHrP (1996)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is thought to be an important autocrine/paracrine factor for chondrocyte metabolism since mice lacking the PTHrP gene exhibit abnormal cartilage development. To determine the biological role of PTHrP in chondrocytes, we first compared the agonist potency of human (h) PTHrP(1-34) with hPTH(1-34) in cultured rat articular chondrocytes. Neither hPTHrP(1-34) nor hPTH(1-34) altered basal DNA synthesis, but attenuated the stimulatory effect of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Both agents suppressed the expression of alpha(1) type II collagen mRNA in a dose-response fashion with the same potency. In addition, the action of exogenously added hPTHrP(1-34) and hPTH(1-34) on intracellular cAMP and [Ca2+]i levels was similar. We next compared the effect of PTHrP within its entire amino acid sequence (1-141). With regard to thymidine incorporation, alpha(1) type II collagen gene expression and accumulation of cAMP and [Ca2+]i level, there was no significant difference between hPTHrP(1-34) and hPTHrP(1-141). PTHrP C-terminal (100-114) did not show any function. To further investigate PTHrP function, intracellular PTHrP translation was inhibited by a transgene of antisense oligonucleotides against PTHrP. Antisense oligonucleotides decreased PTHrP mRNA translation, specifically inhibited DNA synthesis in control as well as TGF-beta-treated chondrocytes and enhanced alpha(1) type II collagen mRNA expression in TGF-beta-treated chondrocytes. These results suggest that there is no significant difference between exogenously added hPTH(1-34), hPTHrP(1-34) and PTHrP(1-141) with regard to the biological action of these agents, including cell growth, differentiation and second messenger pathway. However, the result of DNA synthesis in the antisense PTHrP-inhibition study suggests that intracellular PTHrP may have an as yet unknown biological role, in addition to a classical PTH/PTHrP receptor-mediated function in the rat articular chondrocyte.
Mapping Human Interferon-alpha (IFN-α2) Binding Determinants of the Type I Interferon Receptor Subunit IFNAR-1 with Human/Bovine IFNAR-1 Chimeras (1998)

Type I interferons bind to a common receptor (IFNAR), composed of two transmembrane polypeptides, IFNAR-1 and IFNAR-2. Although human IFNAR-1 has a weak intrinsic affinity for human Type I interferons (IFNs), bovine IFNAR-1 binds human Type I IFNs with moderate (nM) affinity, and can be conveniently used to investigate the regions of IFNAR-1 involved in ligand binding. We have constructed 14 bovine/human IFNAR-1 chimeras by exchanging homologous subdomains in the extracellular portion of the receptor. These chimeras were expressed at very high levels on COS cells, and their ability to bind HuIFN-alpha2 was measured. No single bovine subdomain substituted into human IFNAR-1 could confer moderate-affinity ligand binding on the resulting chimera. Simultaneous substitution of bovine IFNAR-1 subdomains 2 and 3 for the homologous human subdomains resulted in a dramatic increase in the binding of IFN-alpha2, suggesting that critical determinants for moderate-affinity ligand binding by BoIFNAR-1 reside in these two subdomains. Bovine subdomains 1 and/or 4 each further enhanced IFN-alpha2 binding in the presence of bovine subdomains 2 and 3. Thus, the binding interactions of BoIFNAR-1 with IFNs appears to be more complex than that of other class II cytokine receptors with their ligands.
A survey of algorithmic skeleton frameworks: high‐level structured parallel programming enablers (2010)

Abstract Structured parallel programs ought to be conceived as two separate and complementary entities: computation, which expresses the calculations in a procedural manner, and coordination, which abstracts the interaction and communication. By abstracting commonly used patterns of parallel computation, communication, and interaction, algorithmic skeletons enable programmers to code algorithms without specifying platform‐dependent primitives. This article presents a literature review on algorithmic skeleton frameworks (AS K F), parallel software development environments furnishing a collection of parameterizable algorithmic skeletons, where the control flow, nesting, resource monitoring, and portability of the resulting parallel program is dictated by the AS K F as opposed to the programmer. Consequently, the AS K F can be positioned as high‐level structured parallel programming enablers, as their systematic utilization permits the abstract description of programs and fosters portability by focusing on the description of the algorithmic structure rather than on its detailed implementation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observación por Pares Basada en Mapas Conceptuales: Una Estrategia para Fomentar el “Scholarship of Teaching and Learning” en la Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá (2013)

El movimiento denominado Scholarship of Teaching and Learning nace para superar el debate entre enseñanza e investigación, y avanzar hacia una concepción más amplia del trabajo académico. Esto supone hacer del quehacer docente una actividad más parecida a la investigación científica en aspectos como el escrutinio por pares y el reconocimiento institucional que recibe. En este contexto, la observación por pares – una práctica en la que un docente observa a un colega mientras enseña con el fin de ofrecerle retroalimentación útil – constituye una vía de desarrollo profesional y de mejoramiento de la efectividad docente cónsona con las premisas de dicho movimiento. El presente artículo informa sobre un proyecto de observación por pares realizado con docentes voluntarios de la Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá. El proceso de observación se apoyó en el uso de mapas conceptuales para aumentar la visibilidad y facilitar la discusión de ideas complejas, y para poner de manifiesto la divergencia que suele existir entre las estructuras de conocimiento en forma de red que poseen internamente los docentes y las estructuras lineales que usualmente exteriorizan durante sus clases. Los resultados revelan una mayor sensibilización de todos los participantes respecto a la naturaleza de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, y una respuesta muy positiva hacia el proceso de observación mismo. De este modo, el proyecto ha contribuido a fomentar un clima de mayor reflexión y autocrítica por parte de los participantes, y a abrir espacios de discusión y debate productivo sobre el quehacer docente en la institución.