gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CPPU and BA, with and without Pollination, Affect Set, Growth, and Quality of Muskmelon Fruit (2000)

Solutions of CPPU and BA were applied to ovaries of melon ( Cucumis melo ) flowers with or without pollination, and the effects on fruit set, growth, and sugar content were investigated. Treatment with CPPU increased fruit set in both seeded and seedless melons. Even at low concentrations, CPPU had a strong effect on fruit set in the seeded melons. In seedless melons, CPPU induced 100% parthenocarpic fruit set when applied with 10 mg·L –1 ; lower concentrations were much less effective. Treatment with BA increased fruit set in seeded melons, but was not particularly effective in the absence of pollination. During the first 10 days after anthesis, CPPU promoted fruit growth, but between 8 and 13 days after anthesis, the growth rate was lower than in the controls. Treatment with CPPU had little effect upon soluble solids (SS) levels in seeded fruit. SS content was significantly lower in seedless than in seeded fruit; this difference was larger in the placenta than in the mesocarp. Sucrose levels of both seeded and seedless fruits were consistently higher than glucose and fructose levels. High concentrations of CPPU reduced sucrose levels in the placenta of seedless fruit. These results indicate that seeds play an important role in sugar accumulation and melon fruit growth during later stages of development. Chemical names used: [1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea] (CPPU); 6-benzylaminopurine (BA).
Kinematics of the Cone Bit (1985)

Abstract The bits' and bit cones' angular velocities are variable with time. All published papers on cone bit kinematics, however, are based on the supposition that the motions of cones are uniform. This supposition, therefore, has been the main obstacle to determining the objective law of the working cone bit. The apparatus, methods, and tests results for measuring the bit and cone instantaneous angular velocities are described. A new theoretical analysis of cone bit motion is proposed and some interesting new conclusions are obtained that will help designers and users of cone bits.
Reaction of copper(<scp>II</scp>) with a metalloporphyrin. A type of supramolecular-driven porphyrin metallation (1993)

The reaction of the transfer of copper(II) from a chelating environment to a porphyrin core, accelerated by cadmium(II) previously inserted into the prophyrin, shows an unusual kinetic profile which is interpreted as being the result of supramolecular assembly formation.
Achieving increased resolution and more pixels with Superresolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging (SOFI) (2010)

Superresolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging (SOFI) as initially demonstrated allows for a resolution enhancement in imaging by a factor of square-root of two. Here, we demonstrate how to increase the resolution of SOFI images by re-weighting the Optical Transfer Function (OTF). Furthermore, we demonstrate how cross-cumulants can be exploited to obtain a fair approximation of the underlying Point-Spread Function. We show a two-fold increase of resolution (over the diffraction limit) of near-infrared quantum dot labeled tubulin-network of 3T3 fibroblasts.
<scp>DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANT</scp> 6 and <scp>DMR</scp>6‐<scp>LIKE OXYGENASE</scp> 1 are partially redundant but distinct suppressors of immunity in Arabidopsis (2014)

Arabidopsis downy mildew resistant 6 (dmr6) mutants have lost their susceptibility to the downy mildew Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Here we show that dmr6 is also resistant to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae and the oomycete Phytophthora capsici. Resistance is accompanied by enhanced defense gene expression and elevated salicylic acid levels. The suppressive effect of the DMR6 oxygenase was confirmed in transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing DMR6 that show enhanced susceptibility to H. arabidopsidis, P. capsici, and P. syringae. Phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily of 2-oxoglutarate Fe(II)-dependent oxygenases revealed a subgroup of DMR6-LIKE OXYGENASEs (DLOs). Within Arabidopsis, DMR6 is most closely related to DLO1 and DLO2. Overexpression of DLO1 and DLO2 in the dmr6 mutant restored the susceptibility to downy mildew indicating that DLOs negatively affect defense, similar to DMR6. DLO1, but not DLO2, is co-expressed with DMR6, showing strong activation during pathogen attack and following salicylic acid treatment. DMR6 and DLO1 differ in their spatial expression pattern in downy mildew-infected Arabidopsis leaves; DMR6 is mostly expressed in cells that are in contact with hyphae and haustoria of H. arabidopsidis, while DLO1 is expressed mainly in the vascular tissues near infection sites. Strikingly, the dmr6-3_dlo1 double mutant, that is completely resistant to H. arabidopsidis, showed a strong growth reduction that was associated with high levels of salicylic acid. We conclude that DMR6 and DLO1 redundantly suppress plant immunity, but also have distinct activities based on their differential localization of expression.
Motion artifacts suppression for remote imaging photoplethysmography (2014)

Remote imaging photoplethysmography (RIPPG) is able to access human vital signs without physical contact. However most of the conventional RIPPG approaches are susceptive to motions of subjects or camera. Overcoming motion artifacts presents one of the most challenging problems. Focusing on the motion artifacts problem, the effects of motion artifacts on RIPPG signals were analyzed. In order to suppress motion artifacts for RIPPG, region of interest (ROI) is stabilized by using face tracking based on feature points tracking. And adaptive bandpass filter is further used to suppress the residual motion artifacts. With the addition of motion artifacts, the sorting of independent component analysis (ICA) outputs becomes more important, hence reference sine signals are generated to be correlated with ICA output components, and the cardiac pulse wave is automatically picked up from ICA output components, with the largest correlation coefficient. Fourteen subjects were enrolled to test the robustness with large motion artifacts for the proposed RIPPG method. Experimental results show that the proposed method could obtain a much better performance in accessing pulse rates for moving subjects, compared to the state-of-the-art method. The effectiveness of our method in motion artifacts suppression was verified by comparison with a commercial oximeter using Bland-Altman analysis and Pearson's correlation. With the efficient motion artifact suppression, RIPPG method has good potential in broadening the application of vital signs accesses.
Increase of locomotor activity underlying the behavioral disinhibition in Tg2576 mice. (2007)

The transgenic Tg2576 mouse is a widely used animal model that develops some of the cognitive and neuropathological deteriorations observed in patients suffering Alzheimer's disease. The authors investigated 9-month-old Tg2576 mice with respect to behavioral and endocrinological (hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal [HPA] axis activity) parameters. The locomotor activity test revealed that Tg2576 mice moved almost twice as much as controls. Tg2576 mice spent significantly more time visiting the open arms and performed more entries into these open arms than did controls. However, the amount of time that Tg2576 mice remained in each entry to the open arm was similar to that of controls, and the number of arm entries correlated positively to locomotor activity. In the forced swimming test, Tg2576 mice showed a significant decrease in immobility time, which correlated negatively to locomotor activity. Parameters of the HPA axis, such as plasma level of corticosterone, adrenal gland weight, and noradrenaline or adrenaline release, did not differ between controls and Tg2576 mice. These data suggest that the disinhibitory behavior of Tg2576 mice seems to be related to increased locomotor activity but not to any disturbance of the HPA axis.
Diffusion of oxygen in superconducting<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>ceramic oxides (1989)

We have used in situ resistivity measurements to monitor the diffusion of oxygen in and out of the ceramic oxide $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$. The study of out-diffusion of oxygen was carried out by annealing the oxide in ambient helium at constant heating rates and at constant temperatures. The rate of out-diffusion of oxygen has been found to be independent of $\ensuremath{\delta}$, and the resistivity changes linearly with time during isothermal anneals. Assuming that the rate of out-diffusion is surface reaction limited, we have determined a surface barrier of 1.7 eV. The study of in-diffusion of oxygen was performed by annealing the oxygen-deficient oxide ($\ensuremath{\delta}=0.38$) in ambient oxygen. The in-diffusion rate was found to depend strongly on $\ensuremath{\delta}$; we have determined the activation energies of the process at $\ensuremath{\delta}=0.38$ and $\ensuremath{\delta}=0$ to be 0.5 eV and 1.3 eV, respectively. The diffusivity of oxygen for $\ensuremath{\delta}=0$ has been determined to be $D=0.035\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}1.3 \mathrm{eV}/kT)$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec. Combining the kinetic data and published structural information, we have examined a vacancy mechanism and a twinning mechanism for anisotropic diffusion of oxygen in the CuO layer between the BaO layers.
PSTAR: Primary and secondary terms analysis and renormalization: A unified approach to building energy simulations and short-term monitoring (1988)

This report presents a unified method of hourly simulation of a building and analysis of performance data. The method is called Primary and Secondary Terms Analysis and Renormalization (PSTAR). In the PSTAR method, renormalized parameters are introduced for the primary terms such that the renormalized energy balance equation is best satisfied in the least squares sense, hence, the name PSTAR. PSTAR allows extraction of building characteristics from short-term tests on a small number of data channels. These can be used for long-term performance prediction (''ratings''), diagnostics, and control of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems (HVAC), comparison of design versus actual performance, etc. By combining realistic building models, simple test procedures, and analysis involving linear equations, PSTAR provides a powerful tool for analyzing building energy as well as testing and monitoring. It forms the basis for the Short-Term Energy Monitoring (STEM) project at SERI.
Selective Manipulation of ICT and PET Processes in Styryl-Bodipy Derivatives: Applications in Molecular Logic and Fluorescence Sensing of Metal Ions (2010)

Remarkably versatile chemistry of Bodipy dyes allows the design and straightforward synthesis of multivalent-multitopic derivatives, which, with judicious selection of metal ion-ligand pairs based on known affinities, affords control and manipulation of photoinduced electron transfer and internal charge transfer processes as desired. We have demonstrated that metal ions acting as modulators (or inputs, in digital design parlance) can generate absorbance changes in accordance with the operation of a half-adder. In addition, an AND logic gate in the emission mode was delivered using a different binucleating arrangement of ligands. A molecular equivalent of a three-input AND logic gate was also obtained exploiting differential binding affinities of metal ions for different ligands. The results suggest that different metal ions can be used as nonannihilating inputs, selectively targeting various ligands incorporated within a single fluorophore, and with careful design, diverse photophysical processes can be selectively modulated, resulting in a range of signals, useful in molecular logic design, and offering an enticing potential for multianalyte chemosensors.
Senile Dementia: Treatment with Deanol† (1977)

Recent research indicates a possible cholinergic involvement in memory processes and thus the possibility that acetylcholine deficiency may underlie memory impairment in senile dementia. Deanol (2-dimethylaminoethanol), which is assumed to increase brain acetylcholine, was given openly for 4 weeks to 14 senile outpatients, to determine the safety of the drug and whether or not it reduces cognitive impairment. The dosage was gradually increased to 600 mg three times daily during the first two weeks, with no adverse effects. Ten patients improved globally and 4 were unchanged (p less than .01). The total score on the Sandoz Clinical Assessment-Geriatric (SCAG) was lowered by the third week (p less than .01), primarily as a result of reduced depression, irritability and anxiety, and increased motivation-initiative. However, neither the clinical ratings nor an extensive pre- versus post-treatment series of cognitive tests revealed changes in memory or other cognitive functions. Since a similar separate study with a different compound produced no behavioral changes, it is unlikely that the improvement with deanol was due entirely to placebo effects. The results thus suggest that although deanol may not improve memory, it may produce positive behavioral changes in some senile patients.
Analytical and experimental evaluation of CPRI over Ethernet dynamic rate reconfiguration (2016)

The utilization of Ethernet in the cellular terrestrial cloud radio access network (C-RAN) fronthaul is considered as a way for improving C-RAN network reconfigurability and efficiency in terms of both capital and operational expenditures. Moreover CPRI line bit rate dynamic reconfiguration may spare further capital expenditures by avoiding a peak traffic capacity allocation. A possible solution for introducing Ethernet in the fronthaul is the encapsulation of Common Packet Radio Interface (CPRI) over Ethernet. However, it must be assured that CPRI strict requirements on delay and jitter are still met. In this work the combined impact of encapsulating CPRI on Ethernet and of the dynamic CPRI line bit rate reconfiguration on delay and jitter is evaluated. The evaluation is both analytical and based on the pre-synthesis emulation of dynamic CPRI line bit rate reconfiguration. Results show that dynamic CPRI line bit rate reconfiguration can be achieved within about one millisecond. However, if a size-based encapsulation of CPRI over Ethernet is utilized, dynamic CPRI line bit rate reconfiguration might cause delay variations (i.e., jitter) up to few microseconds.
Microwave antennas at UCL: a design point of view (2002)

Antenna activities at UCL have led to validated design methods at microwave frequencies for planar antennas and base stations: computation of the patch antenna resonant frequency, calculation of co-polar and cross polar radiation patterns radiated by microstrip antennas coupled to a director, lens design for narrowing patch beamwidth, space wave and surface wave radiation prediction in slot structures, efficient computation of co polar and cross polar radiation patterns radiated by tapered slot antennas (including the Vivaldi antenna), site shielding efficiency evaluation, cellular antenna coverage computation in urban environments and evaluation of people's exposure to microwave fields by a simplified method.
Bladder cancer biomarkers: current developments and future implementation (2007)

Biomarkers for bladder cancer have been intensively scrutinized over the last decade, but despite new findings and good performance characteristics, they are currently not accepted in clinical practice.
Basic fibroblast growth factor increases junctional communication and connexin 43 expression in microvascular endothelial cells (1992)

We have analyzed the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on junctional communication (coupling) and connexin 43 (Cx43) expression in bovine microvascular endothelial (BME) cells. In control confluent cultures, the incidence of coupling, as assessed by the intercellular transfer of microinjected Lucifer Yellow, was limited to 13% of injected cells, and decreased to 0% with time in culture. After exposure to bFGF (3ng/ml), the incidence of coupling was increased in a time-dependent manner, reaching a maximum of 38% of microinjected cells after 10-12 hours. The extent of coupling, as assessed by scrape loading, was maximally increased 2.1-fold 8-9 hours after addition of bFGF. bFGF also induced a 2-fold increase in Cx43 as assessed by Western blotting, and increased Cx43 immunolabelling at contacting interfaces of adjacent BME cells. Cx43 mRNA was likewise increased after exposure to bFGF in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with a maximal 6-7-fold increase after a 4 hour exposure to 3-10ng/ml. Finally, the increase in coupling and Cx43 mRNA expression observed after mechanically wounding a confluent monolayer of BME cells was markedly reduced by antibodies to bFGF, which have previously been shown to inhibit migration. Taken together, these results indicate that exogenous and endogenous bFGF increase intercellular communication and Cx43 expression in microvascular endothelial cells. We propose that the bFGF-mediated increase in coupling is necessary for the coordination of endothelial cells during angiogenesis and other vessel wall functions.
Editors' Introduction (1971)

By the end of the twentieth century the Soviet government aims to achieve a communist society built on the basis of the industrialized socialist society constructed in the preceding seventy years. Among the important changes to be made is the elimination of existing differences between the cities and the countryside in the quality of life. As in every other industrial nation, industrialization and modernization have affected the urban population very much more than the rural population, despite the collectivization of Soviet agriculture.
N-Terminal Derivatization and Fragmentation of Neutral Peptides via Ion−Molecule Reactions with Acylium Ions:  Toward Gas-Phase Edman Degradation? (2001)

The gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of neutral alanylglycine have been examined with various mass-selected acylium ions RCO(+) (R= CH(3), CD(3), C(6)H(5), C(6)F(5) and (CH(3))( 2)N), as well as the transacylation reagent O-benzoylbenzophenone in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Reactions of the gaseous dipeptide with acylium ions trapped in the ICR cell result in the formation of energized [M + RCO](+) adduct ions that fragment to yield N-terminal b-type and C-terminal y-type product ions, including a modified b(1) ion which is typically not observed in the fragmentation of protonated peptides. Judicious choice of the acylium ion employed allows some control over the product ion types that are observed (i.e., b versus y ions). The product ion distributions from these ion--molecule reactions are similar to those obtained by collision-activated dissociation in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer of the authentic N-acylated alanylglycine derivatives. These data indicate that derivatization of the peptide in the gas-phase occurs at the N-terminal amine. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations, performed to estimate the thermochemistry of the steps associated with adduct formation as well as product ion formation, indicate that (i) the initially formed adduct is energized and hence likely to rapidly undergo fragmentation, and (ii) the likelihood for the formation of modified b(1) ions in preference to y(1) ions is dependent on the R substituent of the acylium ion. The reaction of the tetrapeptide valine--alanine--alanine--phenylalanine with the benzoyl cation was also found to yield a number of product ions, including a modified b(1) ion. This result suggests that the new experimental approach described here may provide a tool to address one of the major limitations associated with traditional mass spectrometric peptide sequencing approaches, that is, determination of the identity and order of the two N-terminal amino acids. Analogies are made between the reactions observed here and the derivatization and N-terminal cleavage reactions employed in the condensed-phase Edman degradation method.
Parameter investigation and first results from a digital flat panel detector with forward bias capability (2008)

Digital flat panel a-Si x-ray detectors can exhibit image lag of several percent. The image lag can limit the temporal resolution of the detector, and introduce artifacts into CT reconstructions. It is believed that the majority of image lag is due to defect states, or traps, in the a-Si layer. Software methods to characterize and correct for the image lag exist, but they may make assumptions such as the system behaves in a linear time-invariant manner. The proposed method of reducing lag is a hardware solution that makes few additional hardware changes. For pulsed irradiation, the proposed method inserts a new stage in between the readout of the detector and the data collection stages. During this stage the photodiode is operated in a forward bias mode, which fills the defect states with charge. Parameters of importance are current per diode and current duration, which were investigated under light illumination by the following design parameters: 1.) forward bias voltage across the photodiode and TFT switch, 2.) number of rows simultaneously forward biased, and 3.) duration of the forward bias current. From measurements, it appears that good design criteria for the particular imager used are 8 or fewer active rows, 2.9V (or greater) forward bias voltage, and a row frequency of 100 kHz or less. Overall, the forward bias method has been found to reduce first frame lag by as much as 95%. The panel was also tested under x-ray irradiation. Image lag improved (94% reduction), but the temporal response of the scintillator became evident in the turn-on step response.
On decoding equations with partial channel state information (2010)

We have shown that over interfering links, it is possible to decode a function of the involved messages much more efficiently than the full messages themselves. This is useful for example as a physical layer for network coding. Typically, some degree of channel state information at the receiver is required. In this note, we study the effect of only partial channel state information. For several models of interference, novel achievable rates are derived. These may prove to be useful as a physical layer for non-coherent network codes.
Low field mobility, effective saturation velocity and performance of submicron GaAs MESFETs (1982)

An analytical model is proposed which relates the transconductance of submicron GaAs MESFETs to a low field mobility, effective electron saturation velocity and device geometry and doping. The model predicts that the effective saturation velocity determines the performance of the devices at relatively high pinch-off voltages (Vpo > 5 V). At smaller pinch-off voltages (especially for enhancement-mode devices) the low field mobility becomes increasingly important, leading to additional advantages of GaAs devices over Si devices. Another prediction is a higher transconductance in thinner and higher-doped devices. This effect is also more important for devices with low pinch-off voltages. The obtained results may be used to deduce the effective values of the electron drift velocity in GaAs MESFETs as a function of the gate length.