gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of measured with calculated dose distribution from a 120‐MeV electron beam from a laser‐plasma accelerator (2012)

The measurements show that the high-energy electron beams produced by an optically injected laser-plasma accelerator can deliver high enough dose at penetration depths of interest for electron beam radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors. Many engineering issues must be resolved before laser-accelerated electrons can be used for cancer therapy, but they also represent exciting challenges for future research.
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS WITH SOME N‐SUBSTITUTED MALEIMIDES (1977)

Abstract Diels‐Alder Reaktion der Maleinimide (I) mit Tetracyclon (II) ergibt die Addukte (III), von denen (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb) zu den Dihydrophthalimiden (IVa) bzw. (IVb) decarbonyliert werden.
Roles of Curvature and Hydrophobic Interstice Energy in Fusion:  Studies of Lipid Perturbant Effects (2004)

We have examined the effects of small amounts (1-4 mol %) of lipids of different molecular shapes, long chain lipids, and hydrocarbon on the kinetics of PEG-mediated fusion of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine/1,2-dioleoyl-3-sn-phosphatidylethanolamine/sphingomyelin/cholesterol (DOPC/DOPE/SM/CH, 35:30:15:30) sonicated vesicles. The effects of these lipid perturbants were different for different steps in the fusion process and varied with the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of headgroup to acyl chain moieties. For lipids with a ratio <1 (negative intrinsic curvature), a decrease in this ratio led to a dramatic increase in the initial rate of vesicle contents mixing but left the initial rate of lipid mixing roughly unchanged. For lipids with ratios >1 (positive intrinsic curvature), the initial rates of both lipid and contents mixing decreased mildly with increasing ratio. In the context of the "stalk model" for fusion, lipid mixing reflects mainly formation of the initial fusion intermediate (stalk), while contents mixing reflects conversion of this intermediate either to a second intermediate or to a fusion pore. Results with positively curved lipids (ganglioside, GM1; lysophosphatidylcholine, LPCs) and negatively curved lipids (dioleoylglycerol, DOG, and 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glyvero-3-phosphatidylcholine, DPhPC) can be taken as supportive of the usual interpretation of the stalk model in terms of bending energy, but enhancement of fusion in the presence of long-chain phospholipids, hexadecane, as well as a mixture of GM1 plus hexadecane could not be explained by their curvature alone. We propose that the ability of a lipid perturbant to compensate for lipid packing mismatch, that is, to lower "void" energy, must be taken into account, along with intrinsic curvature, to explain the ability of lipid perturbants to promote pore formation.
A novel active common-mode EMI filter for PWM inverter (2002)

This paper presents a novel active common-mode EMI filter for the PWM inverter application. The proposed filter is based on the current sensing and compensation circuit and it utilizes a fast transistor amplifier for the current compensation. The amplifier utilizes an isolated low-voltage DC power supply for its biasing and it is possible to construct the active filter independent of the source voltage of the equipment. Thus the proposed active filter can be used in any application regardless of its working voltage. The effectiveness of the proposed circuit is verified by experimental results.
Advanced low-cost bare-die packaging technology for liquid crystal displays (2002)

Packaging technology for FPD (flat panel display) drivers has evolved from TAB (tape automated bonding) to COG (chip-on-glass) for size, cost, and performance reasons. COG supports demands for increased display sizes, pixel counts, and gray levels, as well as for reduced power consumption. It is also considered the most promising candidate for next-generation LCD packaging because the reduction in bonding steps lowers cost and increases reliability. COG packaging bonds bare IC driver chips directly to the panel electrodes, thus reducing materials requirements and production costs. The current advanced COG mounting technology for LCD (liquid crystal display) panels includes the pressure welding method, the conductive paste method, the conductive elastic particles method, and the anisotropic conductive adhesives (ACAs) method. Nowadays, two variants of the conductive paste method are in commercial use. The most common approach uses a Pd-Ag paste, which reportedly provides a bonding resistance of less than 5 /spl Omega//electrode and a bond strength of 20 g/electrode. Heating the paste to approximately 150/spl deg/C reduces its adhesive strength enough to allow the drivers to be removed and rebonded. The second commercial method uses bumps that are not plated but formed with a two-stage ball-bonding technique. This process covers the Cu/Au stud-bump with a conductive paste and uses a zigzag formation that improves connection efficiency and allows a bond pitch of 7 /spl mu/m. In contrast to the approach using Pd-Ag paste, this technique typically uses silicon instead of epoxy for encapsulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Natural diterpenes from coffee, cafestol and kahweol induce apoptosis through regulation of specificity protein 1 expression in human malignant pleural mesothelioma (2012)

Sp1 can be a novel molecular target of cafestol and kahweol in human MPM.
Receptor interacting protein kinase mediates necrotic cone but not rod cell death in a mouse model of inherited degeneration (2012)

Retinitis pigmentosa comprises a group of inherited retinal photoreceptor degenerations that lead to progressive loss of vision. Although in most cases rods, but not cones, harbor the deleterious gene mutations, cones do die in this disease, usually after the main phase of rod cell loss. Rod photoreceptor death is characterized by apoptotic features. In contrast, the mechanisms and features of subsequent nonautonomous cone cell death remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase mediates necrotic cone cell death in rd10 mice, a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa caused by a mutation in a rod-specific gene. The expression of RIP3, a key regulator of programmed necrosis, was elevated in rd10 mouse retinas in the phase of cone but not rod degeneration. Although rd10 mice lacking Rip3 developed comparable rod degeneration to control rd10 mice, they displayed a significant preservation of cone cells. Ultrastructural analysis of rd10 mouse retinas revealed that a substantial fraction of dying cones exhibited necrotic morphology, which was rescued by Rip3 deficiency. Additionally, pharmacologic treatment with a RIP kinase inhibitor attenuated histological and functional deficits of cones in rd10 mice. Thus, necrotic mechanisms involving RIP kinase are crucial in cone cell death in inherited retinal degeneration, suggesting the RIP kinase pathway as a potential target to protect cone-mediated central and peripheral vision loss in patients with retinitis pigementosa.
Aytpia status index of respiratory cells: a measurement for the detection and monitoring of neoplastic changes in squamous cell carcinogenesis. (1980)

A statistical procedure was developed for calculating an atypia status index (ASI) for cells from the bronchial mucosa. These indices represent the degree of abnormal changes in these cells and classify them as squamous metaplasia, mild atypia, moderate atypia, servere atypia or carcinoma. The classification accuracy of the procedure was more than 99% on trained data and was accomplished by minimizing the overlapping areas between the adjacent multivariate distributions of cell groups for selected features whose group means represent a monotonic function and for which the cell categories are distinguishable. The calculated ASI may reflect abnormal changes in the cell that may not be clearly evident visually. It appears that progression or reversal of bronchial epithelial atypia can be accurately monitored by studying the changes in the ASI, not only for preneoplasia but also for reactions to chemotherapy and various pulmonary infectious disease processes, such as influenza.
Cell–cell adhesion and aggregation: Influence on the growth behavior of CHO cells (1993)

The influence of cell-cell adhesion on the growth behavior of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in suspension culture was investigated. CHO cells form aggregates under suboptimal growth conditions. Clusters are formed around decaying and dead cells. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) released from these cells was found to mediate the cells was found to mediate the cell-cell adhesion. Cluster formation dramatically influenced the growth behavior of the cells. First, cells within aggregates showed a strongly reduced specific proliferation rate, and second, shear forces exerted on large aggregates caused a considerable higher specific death rate than those exerted on single cells. These factors led to a reduction of the specific growth rate up to 50%. This decrease could be avoided by addition of DNase 1 to the medium. It is shown that the separate determination of the specific proliferation and death rates is not feasible with state-of-the-art methods. To achieve a more profound and precise description of the growth pattern of animal cells, we propose an extended Monod model and describe the relevant methods.
Chemotherapy of cancer, 3rd ed (1987)

This is a convenient reference to anti-cancer drugs commonly used in the U.S. and Europe. It provides up-to-date information on recommended dosage, toxicity, administration, and mechanism of action. The book is divided into a reference guide to specific anticancer drugs, treatment of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, and new approaches, experimental drugs, and future directions in cancer therapy. A section on nursing considerations, contributed by a nurse oncologist, is also provided.
Lithium Doping of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Produced by Catalytic Decomposition (2001)

Electrochemical lithium doping into carbon electrodes consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes produced by catalytic decomposition of acetylene has been carried out in button cells. Direct observation of the sample by low- and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that the lithium species are not intercalated between the graphene shells of nanotubes and that the electrochemical process is reversible. 7Li NMR and Raman spectroscopies allow us to study the nature of interactions between lithium atoms and the host material and to propose an insertion mechanism that only implies a storage of lithium at the surface of nanotubes.
Breast reconstruction during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021)

In our opinion, breast cancer surgery belongs to confine operation, and breast reconstruction surgery should be performed immediately after the completion of breast cancer surgery. We recommend the use of breast implants for breast reconstruction surgery during the COVID-19 epidemic. Due to the limitations of the study, our proposed protocol for breast reconstruction surgery during the COVID-19 epidemic needs to be further validated in clinical studies.
Effect of Protein Adsorption and Ionic Strength on the Equilibrium Partition Coefficient of Ionizable Macromolecules in Charged Nanopores (2004)

Recent experimental data on the diffusive transport of globular protein molecules through nanopores (D ∼ 20 nm), covered with chemisorbed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of carboxylic acid functional groups (Ku, J.-R.; Stroeve, P. Langmuir 2004, 20, 2030), show a strong increase in flux around the isoelectric point of the protein molecule at 10 mM ionic strength (on−off behavior), but not at 100 mM. To understand these observations we calculated the equilibrium partition coefficient (distribution coefficient) of a spherical protein molecule in a nanopore consisting of ionizable carboxylic acid groups as a function of ionic strength, pH, charge and size of the protein and the pore wall. When transport is diffusion-controlled, the flux of macromolecules through porous media is directly proportional to the equilibrium partition coefficient. To calculate the charge on the pore wall, the ionizable character of the carboxylic acid groups is incorporated as well as protein adsorption. At values sufficiently above the isoelectric point of the protein, pI, protein adsorption is zero. However, with decreasing pH, adsorption strongly increases. Therefore, the pore is negatively charged at sufficiently high pH (just as the protein molecule) and positively charged at sufficiently low pH (just as the protein molecule). Consequently, the equilibrium partition coefficient of additional, thus nonadsorbing, protein molecules is strongly pH-dependent with a maximum at pH around pI. The predicted influence of ionic strength on the peak width of the equilibrium partition coefficient is in qualitative agreement with the experiments, suggesting that electrostatic interactions and especially protein adsorption are important determinants of protein transport through charged nanopores.
Medical Indigency and Inner City Hospital Care: (1990)

This paper discusses the growing lack of private for-profit hospital care for the medically indigent. The issues of patient dumping and emergency care are examined from both judicial and public policy perspectives. The paper concludes by noting that dumping may be viewed as a most serious form of neglect and more comprehensive laws and court decisions are needed to require all hospitals, regardless of ownership, to treat all patients who arrive at their doors if they have the appropriate medical staff and facilities.
Monitoring the behavior and multi-dimensional movements of Weddell seals using an animal-borne video and data recorder (2004)

P(論文)
Heme Redox Potential Control in de Novo Designed Four-α-Helix Bundle Proteins (2000)

The effects of various mechanisms of metalloporphyrin reduction potential modulation were investigated experimentally using a robust, well-characterized heme protein maquette, synthetic protein scaffold H10A24 [¿CH(3)()CONH-CGGGELWKL.HEELLKK.FEELLKL.AEERLKK. L-CONH(2)()¿(2)](2). Removal of the iron porphyrin macrocycle from the high dielectric aqueous environment and sequestration within the hydrophobic core of the H10A24 maquette raises the equilibrium reduction midpoint potential by 36-138 mV depending on the hydrophobicity of the metalloporphyrin structure. By incorporating various natural and synthetic metalloporphyrins into a single protein scaffold, we demonstrate a 300-mV range in reduction potential modulation due to the electron-donating/withdrawing character of the peripheral macrocycle substituents. Solution pH is used to modulate the metalloporphyrin reduction potential by 160 mV, regardless of the macrocycle architecture, by controlling the protonation state of the glutamate involved in partial charge compensation of the ferric heme. Attempts to control the reduction potential by inserting charged amino acids into the hydrophobic core at close proximity to the metalloporphyrin lead to varied success, with H10A24-L13E lowering the E(m8.5) by 40 mV, H10A24-E11Q raising it by 50 mV, and H10A24-L13R remaining surprisingly unaltered. Modifying the charge of the adjacent metalloporphyrin, +1 for iron(III) protoporphyrin IX or neutral for zinc(II) protoporphyrin IX resulted in a loss of 70 mV [Fe(III)PPIX](+) - [Fe(III)PPIX](+) interaction observed in maquettes. Using these factors in combination, we illustrate a 435-mV variation of the metalloporphyrin reduction midpoint potential in a simple heme maquette relative to the about 800-mV range observed for natural cytochromes. Comparison between the reduction potentials of the heme maquettes and other de novo designed heme proteins reveals global trends in the E(m) values of synthetic cytochromes.
Construction and Application of Near Field (TIR Type) Lenses for Automotive Lighting Functions (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are fast becoming the preferred light sources for automotive lighting applications. They emit light at cone angles equal (hemispherical) or less (conical) than 2Π radians. One way for efficiently collecting and collimating light from LED light sources is to use Near Field Lenses (NFLs). NFLs are collimators using refraction and total internal reflection (TIR) to efficiently collect and direct light. They tend to have thick sections and therefore require challenging molding techniques, and they may have the LED source optically coupled directly into them. Beside these functional aspects, NFLs offer unique styling for different lighting functions such as those in rear combination lamps (RCLs), front turn signal lamps, daytime running lamps (DRLs) and headlamps. Beam shaping optic elements can be integrated directly on the NFLs for creating specific light patterns, or the NFLs themselves can be integrated into other optic elements such as disc or bar light manifolds which distribute the light to meet a variety of user specifications.</div>
Phosphorylation by PINK1 Releases the UBL Domain and Initializes the Conformational Opening of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Parkin (2014)

Loss-of-function mutations in PINK1 or PARKIN are the most common causes of autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. Both gene products, the Ser/Thr kinase PINK1 and the E3 Ubiquitin ligase Parkin, functionally cooperate in a mitochondrial quality control pathway. Upon stress, PINK1 activates Parkin and enables its translocation to and ubiquitination of damaged mitochondria to facilitate their clearance from the cell. Though PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of Ser65 is an important initial step, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of Parkin's enzymatic functions remain unclear. Using molecular modeling, we generated a complete structural model of human Parkin at all atom resolution. At steady state, the Ub ligase is maintained inactive in a closed, auto-inhibited conformation that results from intra-molecular interactions. Evidently, Parkin has to undergo major structural rearrangements in order to unleash its catalytic activity. As a spark, we have modeled PINK1-dependent Ser65 phosphorylation in silico and provide the first molecular dynamics simulation of Parkin conformations along a sequential unfolding pathway that could release its intertwined domains and enable its catalytic activity. We combined free (unbiased) molecular dynamics simulation, Monte Carlo algorithms, and minimal-biasing methods with cell-based high content imaging and biochemical assays. Phosphorylation of Ser65 results in widening of a newly defined cleft and dissociation of the regulatory N-terminal UBL domain. This motion propagates through further opening conformations that allow binding of an Ub-loaded E2 co-enzyme. Subsequent spatial reorientation of the catalytic centers of both enzymes might facilitate the transfer of the Ub moiety to charge Parkin. Our structure-function study provides the basis to elucidate regulatory mechanisms and activity of the neuroprotective Parkin. This may open up new avenues for the development of small molecule Parkin activators through targeted drug design.
X-ray position detection at 22μm FWHM with a gas proportional chamber (1985)

Measurements have been made of x-ray position resolution in proportional chambers using xenon/CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , argon/ CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and hydrocarbon gases. The use of several atmospheres of gas pressure to reduce photoelectron range, and a very low noise position readout, have made it possible to observe more clearly the behavior of position resolution with anode avalanche size. Resolution begins to degrade above a critical avalanche size, whose value varies inversely with gas pressure. For 5.4 keV and 8 keV x-rays in 5 atm. Xe/10% CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , a resolution of 22 μm FWHM is measured, provided the anode avalanche is not greater than /spl I.itilde/ 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> electrons.
TCD-TIMIT: An Audio-Visual Corpus of Continuous Speech (2015)

Automatic audio-visual speech recognition currently lags behind its audio-only counterpart in terms of major progress. One of the reasons commonly cited by researchers is the scarcity of suitable research corpora. This paper details the creation of a new corpus designed for continuous audio-visual speech recognition research . TCD-TIMIT consists of high-quality audio and video footage of 62 speakers reading a total of 6913 phonetically rich sentences. Three of the speakers are professionally-trained lipspeakers, recorded to test the hypothesis that lipspeakers may have an advantage over regular speakers in automatic visual speech recognition systems. Video footage was recorded from two angles: straight on, and at 30 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> . The paper outlines the recording of footage, and the required post-processing to yield video and audio clips for each sentence. Audio, visual, and joint audio-visual baseline experiments are reported. Separate experiments were run on the lipspeaker and non-lipspeaker data, and the results compared. Visual and audio-visual baseline results on the non-lipspeakers were low overall. Results on the lipspeakers were found to be significantly higher. It is hoped that as a publicly available database, TCD-TIMIT will now help further state of the art in audio-visual speech recognition research.
Universal Microfluidic Automaton for Autonomous Sample Processing: Application to the Mars Organic Analyzer (2013)

A fully integrated multilayer microfluidic chemical analyzer for automated sample processing and labeling, as well as analysis using capillary zone electrophoresis is developed and characterized. Using lifting gate microfluidic control valve technology, a microfluidic automaton consisting of a two-dimensional microvalve cellular array is fabricated with soft lithography in a format that enables facile integration with a microfluidic capillary electrophoresis device. The programmable sample processor performs precise mixing, metering, and routing operations that can be combined to achieve automation of complex and diverse assay protocols. Sample labeling protocols for amino acid, aldehyde/ketone and carboxylic acid analysis are performed automatically followed by automated transfer and analysis by the integrated microfluidic capillary electrophoresis chip. Equivalent performance to off-chip sample processing is demonstrated for each compound class; the automated analysis resulted in a limit of detection of ~16 nM for amino acids. Our microfluidic automaton provides a fully automated, portable microfluidic analysis system capable of autonomous analysis of diverse compound classes in challenging environments.