gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-wideband signals (2008)

Commonly, an ultra-wideband (UWB) signal is defined to be a signal with a fractional bandwidth of larger than 20% or an absolute bandwidth of at least 500 MHz. The main feature of UWB signals is that they occupy a much wider frequency band than conventional signals; hence, they need to share the existing spectrum with incumbent systems. Therefore, certain regulations are imposed on systems transmitting UWB signals. In this chapter, after a detailed description of UWB signals, various regulatory rules on UWB systems in different parts of the world are investigated. Then, emerging UWB standards for wireless personal area network (WPAN) applications are studied.
Conservation and divergence in cortical cellular organization between human and mouse revealed by single-cell transcriptome imaging (2021)

Abstract The human cerebral cortex has tremendous cellular diversity and complex cellular organization that are essential for brain function. How different types of cells are organized and interact with each other in the human cortex, and how cellular organizations and interaction patterns vary across species are, however, unclear. Here, we performed spatially resolved single-cell expression profiling of 4,000 genes in human middle and superior temporal gyrus using multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH). We identified >100 neuronal and non-neuronal cell populations with distinct transcriptional signatures, generated a molecularly defined and spatially resolved cell atlas of these brain regions, and analyzed cell-cell interactions in a cell-type-specific manner. Comparison with the mouse cortex showed conservation in the laminar organization of cells and substantial divergence in cell-cell interactions between human and mouse. Notably, our data revealed a drastic increase in interactions between neurons and non-neuronal cells in the human cortex, uncovered human-specific cell-cell interaction patterns, and identified potential ligand-receptor basis of microglia-neuron interactions.
Regional analysis of<i>p53</i>mutations in rheumatoid arthritis synovium (2002)

The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a central role in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Recent studies indicate that DNA damage and somatic mutations in the p53 gene can occur because of genotoxic stress in many tissues, including the skin, colon, and synovium. Although somatic mutations in the p53 gene have been demonstrated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue and synoviocytes, no information is available on the location or extent of p53 mutations. Using microdissected RA synovial tissue sections, we observed abundant p53 transition mutations, which are characteristic DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. p53 mutations, as well as p53 mRNA expression, were located mainly in the synovial intimal lining rather than the sublining (P < 0.01). Clusters of p53 mutant subclones were observed in some microdissected regions, suggesting oligoclonal expansion. Because IL-6 gene expression is regulated by wild-type p53, IL-6 mRNA expression in microdissected tissues was quantified by using real-time PCR. The regions with high rates of p53 mutations contained significantly greater amounts of IL-6 mRNA compared with the low mutation samples (P < 0.02). The microdissection findings suggest that p53 mutations are induced in RA synovial tissues by inflammatory oxidative stress. This process, as in sun-exposed skin and inflamed colonic epithelium, provides some of the mutant clones with a selective growth advantage. A relatively low percentage of cells containing p53 mutations can potentially affect neighboring cells and enhance inflammation through the elaboration of proinflammatory cytokines.
Joining processes : introduction to brazing and diffusion bonding (1998)

Introduction. Joining techniques. Scientific aspects of joint formation. The selection of materials. Joint design. Equipment and process parameters. Joint properties and behaviour. Application case histories.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 15/2012 (2012)

Front Cover: Boron belongs to the 13 group and has one less electron than carbon. In the conjugated polymers, various unique properties are observed originated from the electronic interaction with organoboron complexes in the polymers. The series of organoboron-containing polymers are reviewed here. Further details can be found in the article by K. Tanaka and Y. Chujo* on page 1235.
Schwann cells transplantation promoted and the repair of brain stem injury in rats. (2003)

The transplantation of Schwann cells can promote the restoration of injured brain stem reticular structure.
Demonstration of Constant 8 W/mm Power Density at 10, 30, and 94 GHz in State-of-the-Art Millimeter-Wave N-Polar GaN MISHEMTs (2017)

This paper reports on state-of-the-art millimeter-wave power performance of N-polar GaN-based metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors at 30 and 94 GHz. The performance is enabled by our N-polar deep recess structure, whereby a GaN cap layer is added in the access regions of the transistor to simultaneously enhance the access region conductivity while mitigating dc-to-RF dispersion. The impact of lateral scaling of the drain access region length is examined using the tradeoff between breakdown voltage and small-signal gain. Load-pull measurements are presented at 94 GHz, corresponding to the target device operating frequency in W-band, where the device demonstrated a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 28.8% at 16 V and record-high maximum output power density of 8 W/mm at 20 V. Additional load-pull measurements at 30 and 10 GHz demonstrate the viability of this device across a wide frequency range where the peak power remained constant at 8 W/mm and with peak PAEs of 56% and 58%, respectively.
Piano strings and “phantom” partials (1997)

Additional partials can occur in the radiated tone of pianos at frequencies other than those predicted by classical string equations.
Bias-free time-integrating optical correlator using a photorefractive crystal (1985)

An acoustooptic time-integrating correlator is demonstrated using a photorefractive crystal as the timeintegrating detector.
A Straightforward Approach towards Cyclic Photoactivatable Tubulysin Derivatives (2014)

The development of a new photolabile protecting group containing an additional allyl functionality allows the synthesis of cyclic photoactivatable natural products. Cyclization occurs between the allyl moiety in the protecting group and a second double bond in the target molecule by means of ring-closing metathesis. Cyclization should increase the metabolic stability towards proteases. On the other hand, the conformational change should cause diminished biological activity. As illustrated for tubulysin derivatives, cyclic and photoactivatable drug candidates can easily be obtained in only two steps from simple building blocks through Ugi reaction and ring-closing metathesis. The photolabile protecting group is introduced by means of the isocyanide component during the Ugi reaction.
A new multiharmonic loading method for large-signal microwave and millimeter-wave transistor characterization (1991)

A multiharmonic loading method for nonlinear microwave and millimeter-wave transistor characterization using six-port techniques is presented. The system allows independent load tuning of an excitation signal and its harmonics. Load-pull measurements on a MESFET which have been performed at the fundamental frequency f/sub 0/ and at the second (2f/sub 0/) and third (3f/sub 0/) harmonics are discussed. The results highlight the importance of such measurement in designing and modeling nonlinear devices and circuits. The experimental results are found to be directly applicable for optimizing efficiency and output power in high-power MESFET amplifiers and MESFET frequency multipliers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN IRAQ (1977)

Altogether 198 patients (149 female and 49 male) with rheumatoid arthritis, 133 classical and 65 definite by A.R.A. diagnostic criteria, have been studied in Baghdad. The disease pattern and the joint distribution are similar to those in Europe but the disease appears to be generally less destructive; hands are involved more often than the feet, and rheumatoid nodules, severe systemic upset and extra-articular manifestations appear to be less common.
Spin heat accumulation and its relaxation in spin valves (2010)

We study the concept of spin heat accumulation in excited spin valves, more precisely the effective electron temperature that may become spin dependent, both in linear response and far from equilibrium. A temperature or voltage gradient create nonequilibrium energy distributions of the two spin ensembles in the normal-metal spacer, which approach Fermi-Dirac functions through energy relaxation mediated by electron-electron and electron-phonon coupling. Both mechanisms also exchange energy between the spin subsystems. This interspin energy exchange may strongly affect thermoelectric properties of spin valves, leading, e.g., to violations of the Wiedemann-Franz law.
PDZ Domain Protein-Protein Interactions: A Case Study with PICK1 (2006)

Using PICK1 as an example this review highlights PDZ domains support a repertoire of protein-protein interactions that regulate the subcellular localisation and function of receptors, ion channels and enzymes. PICK1 is a 416 amino acid protein that contains a PDZ domain, a coiled-coil motif/arfaptin homology domain and an acidic c-terminal. Nearly all proteins thus far reported to interact with PICK1 do so via its single PDZ domain. PICK1 self-associates via its coiled-coil motif and together with its PDZ domain has potential to act as a scaffolding protein. This molecule was first identified as a protein interacting with Calpha-kinase (PICK1) and interacts with several members of the glutamate receptor family and receptor tyrosine kinases. The PDZ domain of PICK1 has since been shown to interact with a plethora of proteins including dopamine transporter, prolactin-releasing peptide receptor, ion channels BNaC1/ASIC and many more. The single PDZ domain of PICK1 interacts with a network of proteins that is pivotal in processes such as synaptic plasticity, development and neural guidance as well as many diseased states. The proteins that interact with PICK1 and the functional roles of its PDZ domain are discussed and illustrated are ways to regulate PDZ protein-protein interactions.
Retrospective analysis of protein kinase C-beta (PKC-β) expression in lymphoid malignancies and its association with survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (2007)

We present a first detailed pharmacogenomics report comparing PKC-beta mRNA expression across different lymphoid malignancies and evaluating it as an outcome predictor. Our findings suggest that DLBCL patients with elevated PKC-beta have a worse prognosis, indicating that further evaluation of PKC-beta as a chemotherapeutic target for lymphoid malignancies is warranted.
Activation of carbon dioxide as an oxidant over ZSM-5 zeolite-supported metal oxide catalysts (1996)

Chemical fixation of carbon dioxide has been concentrated on the conversion of CO{sub 2} with various kinds of reductants into the usable chemicals in mass. These are mainly based on the reduction of CO{sub 2}. As a different way, CO{sub 2} can be considered as an oxidant. It is reported that oxidizability in the gasification of coke was the following order: O{sub 2}[105] > H{sub 2}O[3] > CO{sub 2}[1] > H{sub 2}[0.003], which numbers in parenthesis indicated the relative ratios of the gasification with oxidants. CO{sub 2} has been called as nontraditional unusual or mild oxidant and oxygen transfer agent. In this sense, carbon dioxide could be proposed as an oxidant in the oxidative conversions of hydrocarbons. This paper describes the oxidative transformations of hydrocarbons using carbon dioxide as an oxidant.
The Preparation of Hexafluoroacetone (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of HexafluoroacetoneAlbert L. Henne, John W. Shepard, and Evan J. YoungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 8, 3577–3579Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01164a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01164a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A logical language for expressing authorizations (2002)

A major drawback of existing access control systems is that they have all been developed with a specific access control policy in mind. This means that all protection requirements (i.e. accesses to be allowed or denied) must be specified in terms of the policy enforced by the system. While this may be trivial for some requirements, specification of other requirements may become quite complex or even impossible. The reason for this is that a single policy simply cannot capture the different protection requirements that users may need to enforce on different data. In this paper, we take a first step towards a model that is able to support different access control policies. We propose a logical language for the specification of authorizations on which such a model can be based. The Authorization Specification Language (ASL) allows users to specify, together with the authorizations, the policy according to which access control decisions are to be made. Policies are expressed by means of rules which enforce the derivation of authorizations, conflict resolution, access control and integrity constraint checking. We illustrate the power of our language by showing how different constraints that are sometimes required, but very seldom supported by existing access control systems, can be represented in our language.
Alcohol-associated rapid release of a long-acting opioid (2005)

Reason for posting: Palladone XL (hydromorphone hydrochloride) is a long-acting opioid for chronic pain relief in patients with persistent, moderate-to-severe pain. A recent pharmacokinetic study showed that co-ingestion of the drug with alcohol can accelerate release of the drug from its extended-
Radioimmunoassay for adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in human blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. (1977)

I describe a highly sensitive and very specific assay for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in body fluids. An adaptation of the method of Harper and Brooker [j. cyclic Nucleotide Res. 1,207 (1975)], its advantage lies in the fact that the simple acetylation of the samples--a procedure developed by these workers--greatly increases specificity and sensitivity beyond those of previous methods and permits the measurement of femtomole quantities of both cyclic nucleotides without prepurification. Because the range of the cyclic AMP assay is 20-200 fmol, and that of cyclic GMP 10-15 fmol, experiments can be performed with use of only microliters of fluid. The method requires no extraction and thus no complicated corrections are necessary for analytical recovery.
An Efficient Synthesis of (S)-(—)-Befunolol Hydrochloride Involving the Regioselective Condensation of (R)-Glycidol and 2-Acetyl-7-hydroxybenzofuran (1983)

Sl-(-I-Befunolol.HC1 (Sl-(-)-(l-) was synthesized vla (S)-(+l-2-acetyl-7-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)benzofuan ( 5 1 which was prepared by redox dehydratlve condensation of 2-acetyl-7-hydroxybenzafuran (3) and (Rl-glycidol (5).Befunolol.HC1, 2-acetyl-7-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylamin0pr0p0~ylben~of~rlan hydrochloride
Chromate Inhibitor Replacements: Current and Potential Applications (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Nitrites Trivalent Chromium Compounds Oxyanions Analogous to Chromate Synergistic Use of Oxyanions Analogues of Chromate
High‐Melting Silicides (1950)

The tantalum‐silicon, molybdenum‐silicon, and tungsten‐silicon systems have been investigated for solid phases stable above 1900 °K. Three new tantalum silicide phases, two new molybdenum silicide phases, and one new tungsten silicide phase are reported besides the MSi 2 phases previously known. The crystal structure of MO 3 S is described. Lower limits for eutectic temperatures are given for these three systems, and the relative stabilities of metallic silicides of groups III through VII are discussed.
Caerulomycin, a new antibiotic from <i>Streptomyces caeruleus</i> Baldacci. II. Structure (1967)

The antibiotic caerulomycin is shown to be 4-methoxy-2,2′-dipyridyl-6-syn-aldoxime (I) by chemical and spectroscopic studies.
Quantum Wells for Photonics (1985)

The crystalline and electronic structures of semiconductors reflect a delicate balance of very large electromagnetic forces, and consequently minute compositional variations or small perturbations can induce large changes in the properties of these materials. for several decades now, research scientists and device designers have exploited his exceptional flexibility to tailor the electronic and optical properties of semiconductors for a variety of fundamental studies and applications. Semiconductor technology has made its most apparent impact, of course, in solid-state electronics.
Sebum output as a factor contributing to the size of facial pores (2006)

Enlarged pore sizes are associated with increased sebum output level, age and male sex. In female patients, additional hormonal factors, such as those of the menstrual cycle, affect the pore size.
Prophylaxis against Opportunistic Infections in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2000)

Soon after the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first described in 1981,14 it became clear that opportunistic infections occurred with remarkable frequency and caused substantial morbidity and mortality among patients with AIDS. On the basis of a series of clinical trials, chemoprophylaxis to prevent initial episodes of certain opportunistic infections (primary prophylaxis) and subsequent episodes (secondary prophylaxis) became the standard of care. The success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (defined as combination antiretroviral regimens that include either a potent viral-protease inhibitor or a nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor) in reducing the incidence of AIDS-related opportunistic infections and consequent morbidity and mortality . . .
Heart Rate Variability in Sportive Elderly: Relationship with Daily Physical Activity (2004)

Our results indicate that in very old subjects a long-term sportive lifestyle, which increases total daily energy expenditure and physical activity intensity, is associated with higher global HRV and vagal-related indexes and thus may counteract the age-related decline in cardiac autonomic control better than a sedentary lifestyle.
Effect of Titanium Surface Texture on the Cell-Biomaterial Interface (2003)

To improve the in vivo performance of engineered implants, this study examines the independent effects of surface chemistry and topography on fibroblast morphology and density in vitro. Titanium (Ti) was sputter-coated onto smooth and microtextured polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Test specimens were evaluated in 24-h, fibroblast cultures and assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for cellular morphology and density. Fibroblast density increased, as the Ti film thickness increased. The fibroblasts exhibited contact guidance on the textured test specimens. The greatest cellular density was found on the Ti-coated, textured test specimens. In conclusion, Ti and surface texture appeared to strongly influence fibroblast density and morphology as compared to PET and smooth surfaces.
Characteristics of axial type Switched Reluctance Motor (2011)

This paper describes about a designed axial type Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) which intends to improve the output torque characteristic. The axial type structure has some advantages. One of the advantages is increasing an air gap area because the area of the axial type motor is depends on the square of the radial length, while the area of the radial type motor is depended on both the axial length and the radial length. This advantage results to increase the maximum inductance and the output torque. However the axial type SRM has higher iron loss than it of the radial type SRM because of 3D flux path. This paper shows a study of design method for the axial type SRM, and the characteristics of the motor are verified by comparing the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results with the experiment results. The experiment measures the inductance, the torque-current characteristic and the iron loss. At last, this paper proposes iron loss reduction methods about the proposed motor.
Isolation and characterization of a fourth Arabidopsis thaliana G-box-binding factor, which has similarities to Fos oncoprotein. (1994)

A fourth member of the Arabidopsis G-box-binding factor (GBF) family of bZIP proteins, GBF4, has been isolated and characterized. In a manner reminiscent of the Fos-related oncoproteins of mammalian systems, GBF4 cannot bind to DNA as a homodimer, although it contains a basic region capable of specifically recognizing the G-box and G-box-like elements. However, GBF4 can interact with GBF2 and GBF3 to bind DNA as heterodimers. Mutagenesis of the leucine zipper of GBF4 indicates that the mutation of a single amino acid confers upon the protein the ability to recognize the G-box as a homodimer, apparently by altering the charge distribution within the leucine zipper.
Laser flash photolysis study of the photochemical formation of colloidal Ag nanoparticles in the presence of benzophenone (2002)

Sensitized photoreduction of Ag+ ions and subsequent formation of colloidal Ag nanoparticles take place when an aqueous solution of a mixture of AgClO4, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and benzophenone (BP) is irradiated with near-UV light. In this study, the mechanism and kinetics of the reaction have been studied by means of nanosecond laser flash photolysis, time-resolved emission spectroscopy and also steady-state photolysis. Benzophenone ketyl radial (BPK) is formed by the hydrogen abstraction reaction of the benzophenone triplet (BPT) from SDS, which reduces Ag+ ions. It is found that the yield of colloidal Ag nanoparticle formation decreases remarkably with increasing concentration of Ag+ ions, indicating the efficient quenching process of BPT by Ag+ ions. Rate constants for the oxidation of BPK as well as the quenching of BPT by Ag+ ions in SDS micellar solution are considerably larger than those expected in the bulk solution, reflecting that Ag+ ions and BP molecules are concentrated in the SDS micelles. The rate of colloidal Ag nanoparticle formation, VAg, and BP photobleach, VBP, under steady-state irradiation with near-UV light (λ = 365 nm) were evaluated and the dependence of VAg and VBP on the concentration of Ag+ ions is interpreted quantitatively in terms of rate constants estimated by laser flash photolysis.