gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Proline Substitutions Cumulatively Thermostabilize <i>Bacillus Cereus</i> ATCC7064 Oligo‐1,6‐Glucosidase (1994)

Nine residues of Bacillus cereus ATCC7064 oligo-1,6-glucosidase were replaced stepwise with proline residues. Of the nine residues, Lys121, Glu208 and Glu290 were at second sites of beta turns; Asn109, Glu175 and Thr261 were at N-caps of alpha helices; Glu216, Glu270 and Glu378 were in coils within loops. The replacements were carried out in the order, Lys121-->Pro, Glu175-->Pro, Glu290-->Pro, Glu208-->Pro, Glu270-->Pro, Glu378-->Pro, Thr261-->Pro, Glu216-->Pro and Asn109-->Pro. The resultant nine active mutant enzymes contained 1-9 more proline residues than B. cereus oligo-1,6-glucosidase. The thermostability of these mutants was additively enhanced with the increase in the number of proline residues introduced. The increase in the thermostability was most remarkable when proline residues were introduced at second sites of beta turns or at N-caps of alpha helices. The above results afforded irrefragable proof for the proline rule as an effective principle for increasing protein thermostability [Suzuki, Y., Oishi, K., Nakano, H. & Nagayama, T. (1987) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 26, 546-551].
Activation of phospholipase D by 8‐Br‐cAMP occurs through novel pathway involving Src, Ras, and ERK in human endometrial stromal cells (2005)

We investigated the mechanism of 8-Br-cAMP-mediated phospholipase D (PLD) activation using a primary cell culture system of human endometrial stromal cells (ES cells). PLD activity was increased by the treatment of ES cells with 8-Br-cAMP, maximally at 5 min. To determine whether the effects of 8-Br-cAMP on PLD occurred as a consequence of PKC activation, ES cells were preincubated for 15 min with RO320432 (1 microM) and GF109203X (1 microM), the PKC inhibitors, or they were pretreated for 24h with phorbol myristate acetate (100 nM) to downregulate PKC. However, these treatments had no effects on PLD activation induced by 8-Br-cAMP. Furthermore, 8-Br-cAMP had no effects on the subcellular distribution of PKC alpha and PKC betaI, confirming no involvement of PKC. 8-Br-cAMP activated ERK1/2, maximally at 5 min, and PD98059 (MEK inhibitor: 50 microM) and transfection of ES cells with dominant negative (DN)-MEK completely inhibited 8-Br-cAMP-induced PLD activation, suggesting that ERK1/2 mediates the PLD activation. To investigate the involvement of protein kinase A (PKA), Src, and Ras in 8-Br-cAMP-induced PLD activation, we used PKA inhibitor, H89 and Rp-cAMPs, and transfections of DN-Src and DN-Ras. H-89 and Rp-cAMPs completely blocked 8-Br-cAMP-mediated PLD and ERK activation, implying the involvement of PKA in this PLD activation. In addition, transfection of ES cells with DN-Src, or DN-Ras partially inhibited 8-Br-cAMP-induced ERK1/2 and consequently PLD activation, whereas cotransfection of DN-Src and DN-Ras completely inhibited ERK1/2 and PLD activation, suggesting that Src and Ras independently regulate ERK/PLD activation. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel pathway in ES cells that 8-Br-cAMP activate PLD through PKA and ERK1/2 and this ERK/PLD activation by 8-Br-cAMP is mediated by Src and Ras, separately.
Analysis and Customization of Rocker Arm Joint Sliding Velocity (2008)

This paper examines how the sliding motion between a rocker arm and valve stem tip can be adjusted by reshaping the rocker pad surface. The valve tip is assumed flat, and the rocker arm and valve stem are assumed to lie in a common plane. It is shown that the rubbing velocity between a rocker arm and valve stem tip, as well as the curvature of the rocker arm pad, may be determined from two features of the contact: 1) the contact point path between rocker arm and valve stem tip and 2) the angle that the valve stem tip makes with the line connecting the rocker pivot to the zero-lift point of contact. An algorithm is presented for determining a rocker arm surface from a prescribed contact point path and valve angle. The derived technique enables customization of rocker arm pad curvature and rocker arm joint sliding velocity.
Charge Carrier Transport Properties in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fibers (2008)

Transport properties via temperature dependences of sample resistance R(T ) and influence of microwave field of 10 GHz on the conductivity of the single-walled carbon nanotubes fibers are investigated. The R(T ) dependences studied within 4.2-300 K can be well approximated by the Mott law for 3D variable range hopping below T = 80 K and by typical law for fluctuation-induced tunnelling model within the temperature range 80-300 K. We associate the observed increase in the conductivity with microwave power by increase in hopping probability of the charge carriers between single-walled carbon nanotubes.
INEPT Experiments in Solid-State NMR (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTINEPT Experiments in Solid-State NMRC. A. Fyfe, K. C. Wong-Moon, Y. Huang, and H. GrondeyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 41, 10397–10398Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00146a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00146a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views878Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enigmas of Blood Clot Elasticity (2008)

Article MetricsDownloadsCitationsNo data available.0510JulAugSepOctNovDec3520Total6 Months12 MonthsTotal number of downloads for the most recent 6 whole calendar months.
Glucocorticoid Signaling Defines a Novel Commitment State during Adipogenesis<i>In Vitro</i> (2008)

Differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes can be induced by a 2-d treatment with a factor "cocktail" (DIM) containing the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (dex), insulin, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor methylisobutylxanthine (IBMX) and fetal bovine serum (FBS). We temporally uncoupled the activities of the four DIM components and found that treatment with dex for 48 h followed by IBMX treatment for 48 h was sufficient for adipogenesis, whereas treatment with IBMX followed by dex failed to induce significant differentiation. Similar results were obtained with C3H10T1/2 and primary mesenchymal stem cells. The 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiated by sequential treatment with dex and IBMX displayed insulin sensitivity equivalent to DIM adipocytes, but had lower sensitivity to ISO-stimulated lipolysis and reduced triglyceride content. The nondifferentiating IBMX-then-dex treatment produced transient expression of adipogenic transcriptional regulatory factors C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta, and little induction of terminal differentiation factors C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma. Moreover, the adipogenesis inhibitor preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) was repressed by DIM or by dex-then-IBMX, but not by IBMX-then-dex treatment. We conclude that glucocorticoids drive preadipocytes to a novel intermediate cellular state, the dex-primed preadipocyte, during adipogenesis in cell culture, and that Pref-1 repression may be a cell fate determinant in preadipocytes.
Hot-carrier-reliability design rules for translating device degradation to CMOS digital circuit degradation (1994)

Long term ring-oscillator hot-carrier degradation data and simulation results are compared to demonstrate that a circuit reliability simulator BERT can predict CMOS digital circuit speed degradation from transistor DC stress data. Initial fast degradation is noted and attributed to the "zero crossing" effect caused by PMOSFET current enhancement. Saturation drain current, measured at V/sub gs/=V/sub ds/=Vdd/2, is a better monitor for CMOS circuit hot-carrier reliability. We present generalized hot-carrier-reliability design rules, lifetime and speed factors, that translate DC device lifetime to CMOS digital circuit lifetime. The design rules can roughly predict CMOS circuit degradation during the initial design and can aid reliability engineers to quickly estimate the overall product hot-carrier reliability. The NMOSFET and PMOSFET lifetime factors are found to obey 4/ft/sub rise/ and 10/ft/sub fall/, respectively. Typically, the NMOSFET and PMOSFET speed degradation factors are 1/4 and 1/2, respectively, with saturation region drain current as the monitor while, for a 100 MHz operating frequency and for an input rise time of 0.35 ns, the NMOSFET and PMOSFET lifetime factors are 120 and 300, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A speed, power, and supply noise evaluation of ECL driver circuits (1996)

We present an emitter coupled logic (ECL) active pull-down (APD) circuit which can provide a 10:1 ratio between active and inactive currents. The new APD circuit is compensated for variations in supply and temperature via a clamp voltage. The proposed circuit is evaluated by comparing its performance (in terms of speed, power dissipation, and generated supply noise) with the performance of five other driver circuits.
Nutrition Supplements to Stimulate Lipolysis: A Review in Relation to Endurance Exercise Capacity (2016)

Athletes make great efforts to increase their endurance capacity in many ways. Using nutrition supplements for stimulating lipolysis is one such strategy to improve endurance performance. These supplements contain certain ingredients that affect fat metabolism; furthermore, in combination with endurance training, they tend to have additive effects. A large body of scientific evidence shows that nutrition supplements increase fat metabolism; however, the usefulness of lipolytic supplements as ergogenic functional foods remains controversial. The present review will describe the effectiveness of lipolytic supplements in fat metabolism and as an ergogenic aid for increasing endurance exercise capacity. There are a number of lipolytic supplements available on the market, but this review focuses on natural ingredients such as caffeine, green tea extract, L-carnitine, Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid), capsaicin, ginseng, taurine, silk peptides and octacosanol, all of which have shown scientific evidence of enhancing fat metabolism associated with improving endurance performance. We excluded some other supplements owing to lack of data on fat metabolism or endurance capacity. Based on the data in this review, we suggest that a caffeine and green tea extract improves endurance performance and enhances fat oxidation. Regarding other supplements, the data on their practical implications needs to be gathered, especially for athletes.
Random- and Block-Copolymerization of 1,3-Butadiene with Styrene Based on the Stereospecific Living System:  (C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Sm(μ-Me)<sub>2</sub>AlMe<sub>2</sub>/Al(<i>i</i>-Bu)<sub>3</sub>/[Ph<sub>3</sub>C][B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTRandom- and Block-Copolymerization of 1,3-Butadiene with Styrene Based on the Stereospecific Living System: (C5Me5)2Sm(μ-Me)2AlMe2/Al(i-Bu)3/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] 1Shojiro Kaita, Zhaomin Hou, and Yasuo WakatsukiView Author Information Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2001, 34, 6, 1539–1541Publication Date (Web):February 10, 2001Publication History Received18 September 2000Revised1 January 2001Published online10 February 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma001609nCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views860Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (50 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Butadiene,Copolymers,Microstructures,Monomers,Styrenes Get e-Alerts
Gamma‐irradiated influenza A virus can prime for a cross‐reactive and cross‐protective immune response against influenza A viruses (1988)

A-strain influenza virus A/JAP (H2N2) was tested for its ability to induce cytotoxic T cells (Tc) after being rendered non-infectious by either UV or gamma irradiation. Gamma-irradiated virus proved to be more efficient than UV-inactivated virus in priming for a memory Tc cell response or in boosting memory spleen cells in vitro. Most importantly, gamma-inactivated, but not UV-inactivated, A/JAP immunized animals survived lethal challenge with heterologous (A/PC(H3N2), A/WSN(H1N1)) virus as effectively as mice primed with infectious virus.
Ultrahigh-resolution OCT using continuum generation in an air-silica microstructure optical fiber (2001)

We demonstrate ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography using the continuum generation in an air-silica microstructure fiber. A broadband OCT system was developed, supporting a bandwidth of 370 nm at 1.3 micrometers center wavelength. We achieved longitudinal resolutions of 2.5 micrometers in air, or ~2 micrometers in tissue. This is to our knowledge with the highest longitudinal OCT resolution demonstrated at this wavelength range and the first application of this new light source for OCT. We will also describe the application of this technique for imaging biological tissue in vivo.
Pyrolysis of Polyethylene in a Fluidized Bed Reactor (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrolysis of Polyethylene in a Fluidized Bed ReactorJuan A. Conesa, Rafael Font, Antonio Marcilla, and Angela N. GarciaCite this: Energy Fuels 1994, 8, 6, 1238–1246Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00048a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00048a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2029Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Integration of a printed dipole antenna with a CLL-based volumetric metamaterial AMC block (2005)

In electromagnetics, there is a class of problems that have two distinct parts. An example is computing scattering from a car next to a tower. The tower part is suitable for a high-frequency solver such as Xpatch. The car, with its small features and material, is best handled by a full-wave solver. The question is how to hybridize two isolated solutions with interactions. In this paper, we demonstrate a method for doing this type of hybridization. Our method is based on a "CrossFlux" formulation We have implemented the CrossFlux in the following three codes: (i) Xpatch from DEMACO, a high frequency shooting and bouncing ray code for scattering; (ii) SAF from DEMACO, a MoM code for PEC and bulk material with acceleration by the multilevel fast multipole algorithm; and (iii) PowerCavity from the University of Illinois, a FEM code specialized for solving cavity problems
N-glycosylation profile of recombinant human soluble Fc  receptor III (2002)

N-glycans of human Fcgamma receptor III (FcgammaR III) are believed to be involved in the interaction with complement receptor type 3 (CR3) (Sehgal et al. [1993] J. Immunol., 150, 4571-4580). Recombinant human soluble FcgammaRIII (rhsFcgammaRIII), which is produced in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, has been shown to interact with CR3 in a manner similar to native FcgammaRIII. We elucidated the N-glycosylation profiles of rhsFcgammaRIII by the 3D high-performance liquid chromatography mapping technique. It was revealed that the N-glycans of rhsFcgammaRIII are much more divergent (consisting of 20 neutral, 7 monosialyl, 4 disialyl, 5 trisialyl, and 1 tetrasialyl oligosaccharides) than those previously determined for BHK-expressed mouse sFcgammaRII, notwithstanding close structural similarity of polypeptide chains between the two sFcgammaRs. Particularly, high-mannose type oligosaccharides are specifically expressed on rhsFcgammaRIII.
Studies on the three-dimensional behaviour of the selectin ligands Lewis<sup>a</sup> and sulphated Lewis<sup>a</sup> using NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations (1994)

Sulphated blood group Lewis(a)/Lewis(x) (Le(a)/Le(x)) type sequences, with sulphate at the 3-position of galactose, have emerged as potent ligands for the endothelial adhesion molecule E-selectin and the leukocyte adhesion molecule L-selectin. As a first step in elucidating the molecular basis of the strong interactions with the selectins, we have performed conformational studies of the sulphated Le(a) in comparison with the non-sulphated analogue which is less strongly bound by E-selectin and not at all by L-selectin. Experimental NMR parameters [nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) and interglycosidic 3JC,H] and theoretical values back-calculated from the minimum energy structures are in excellent agreement for both molecules. Molecular dynamics calculations for SuLe(a) depict only minor torsional fluctuations around the glycosidic linkages over the time course of the 500 ps simulations, leading to the conclusion that the conformation of SuLe(a) approximates to a single-rigid structure, as does the previously investigated Le(a) molecule. Comparison of experimentally and theoretically obtained parameters for SuLe(a) with those for the non-sulphated Le(a) molecule indicate that no detectable changes occur in the three-dimensional structure of the trisaccharide upon sulphation. Thus, the enhanced selectin binding to the sulphated Le(a) is most likely due to favourable electrostatic interactions between the charged sulphate group and corresponding charged groups on the selectin protein.
Sumatriptan for the Treatment of Migraine Attacks-A Review of Controlled Clinical Trials (1993)

Sumatriptan, a 5HT1-like receptor agonist, is a completely new treatment principle for migraine. In an extensive international programme of controlled clinical trials, sumatriptan, 6 mg subcutaneously and 100 mg orally, was superior to placebo in reducing headache and associated symptoms. The response rate for subcutaneous sumatriptan (70-84% after 1 h and 81-87% after 2 h) was higher than for oral sumatriptan (50-67% after 2 h). Additional doses did not increase efficacy. Oral sumatriptan was superior to Cafergot (2 mg ergotamine plus 200 mg caffeine) and somewhat better than aspirin (900 mg) plus metoclopramide (10 mg). Recurrence of migraine occurred in approximately 40% of attacks. Side effects were generally mild and short-lived in the controlled clinical trials. However, in clinical practice sumatriptan has subsequently caused rare cases of heart ischemia and sumatriptan is contraindicated in patients with a history of ischemic heart disease.
Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2-mediated lipid droplet production supports colorectal cancer chemoresistance (2018)

Lipid droplet (LD) accumulation is a now well-recognised hallmark of cancer. However, the significance of LD accumulation in colorectal cancer (CRC) biology is incompletely understood under chemotherapeutic conditions. Since drug resistance is a major obstacle to treatment success, we sought to determine the contribution of LD accumulation to chemotherapy resistance in CRC. Here we show that LD content of CRC cells positively correlates with the expression of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2), an LD-localised enzyme supporting phosphatidylcholine synthesis. We also demonstrate that LD accumulation drives cell-death resistance to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin treatments both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LD accumulation impairs caspase cascade activation and ER stress responses. Notably, droplet accumulation is associated with a reduction in immunogenic cell death and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell infiltration in mouse tumour grafts and metastatic tumours of CRC patients. Collectively our findings highlight LPCAT2-mediated LD accumulation as a druggable mechanism to restore CRC cell sensitivity.