gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study of CSMA-based and token-based wireless interconnects network-on-chip (2014)

The token passing multiple access (TPMA) scheme is a common adopted scheme for wireless network-on-chip (WiNoC) in chip multi-processors (CMPs). The drawback of TPMA is the channel access delay due to TPMA passing the token in a round-robin manner no matter the node has packets to send. In this paper, we study the performance of the slotted p-persistent carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) scheme on WiNoC. A comprehensive comparison of TPMA and CSMA is given in terms of throughput and access delay in this paper. Based on the study, we show that an appropriate p for the slotted CSMA can be obtained to achieve a high performance WiNoC for CMPs.
Disrupting the blood–brain barrier by focused ultrasound induces sterile inflammation (2016)

MRI-guided pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) combined with systemic infusion of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles (MB) causes localized blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption that is currently being advocated for increasing drug or gene delivery in neurological diseases. The mechanical acoustic cavitation effects of opening the BBB by low-intensity pFUS+MB, as evidenced by contrast-enhanced MRI, resulted in an immediate damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) response including elevations in heat-shock protein 70, IL-1, IL-18, and TNFα indicative of a sterile inflammatory response (SIR) in the parenchyma. Concurrent with DAMP presentation, significant elevations in proinflammatory, antiinflammatory, and trophic factors along with neurotrophic and neurogenesis factors were detected; these elevations lasted 24 h. Transcriptomic analysis of sonicated brain supported the proteomic findings and indicated that the SIR was facilitated through the induction of the NFκB pathway. Histological evaluation demonstrated increased albumin in the parenchyma that cleared by 24 h along with TUNEL<sup>+</sup> neurons, activated astrocytes, microglia, and increased cell adhesion molecules in the vasculature. Infusion of fluorescent beads 3 d before pFUS+MB revealed the infiltration of CD68<sup>+</sup> macrophages at 6 d postsonication, as is consistent with an innate immune response. pFUS+MB is being considered as part of a noninvasive adjuvant treatment for malignancy or neurodegenerative diseases. These results demonstrate that pFUS+MB induces an SIR compatible with ischemia or mild traumatic brain injury. Further investigation will be required before this approach can be widely implemented in clinical trials.
Brassicasterol. I. Empirical Formula and Hydrogenation (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBrassicasterol. I. Empirical Formula and HydrogenationErhard. Fernholz and Homer E. StavelyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 1, 142–143Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01870a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01870a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phosphaalkynes: new building blocks in synthetic chemistry (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphaalkynes: new building blocks in synthetic chemistryManfred RegitzCite this: Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 1, 191–213Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00099a007https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00099a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1761Altmetric-Citations293LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultraprecise Measurement of Thermal Coefficients of Expansion (1970)

A novel method for determining thermal expansion coefficients has been devised. It is based on the dependence of Fabry-Perot resonances on the mirror separation. The expansion sample is formed into an etalon spacer, with highly reflecting endplates optically contacted to each end. The Fabry-Perot resonances are probed by variable radiofrequency sidebands derived from a frequency stabilized 633-nm He-Ne laser. A change in sample temperature DeltaT causes a change in interferometer length DeltaL, which shifts the resonance frequencies by Deltanu. Then alpha = (1/DeltaT)(DeltaL/L) = (1/DeltaT)(Deltanu/nu). alpha can be measured with precision limited ultimately by the stability of the stabilized laser (1:10(9) with presently available commercial lasers). alpha vs temperature has been measured for samples of Owens-Illinois Cer-Vit, Corning ULE silica, and Schott low expansion glass-ceramic.
The DNA-A Component of a Plant Geminivirus (Indian Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus) Replicates in Budding Yeast Cells (2004)

Understanding the biochemistry of DNA replication of the plant DNA viruses is important for the development of antiviral strategies. Since DNA replication is little studied in plants, a genetically tractable, easily culturable, eukaryotic model system is required to pursue such studies in a facile manner. Here we report the development of a yeast model system that supports DNA replication of a chosen geminivirus strain, Indian mung bean yellow mosaic virus. The replication of plasmid DNA in the model system relies specifically on the virus-derived elements and factors. Usage of this model system revealed the role of at least one hitherto unknown viral factor for viral DNA replication. The episomal characteristic of single-strandedness of replicated plasmid DNA was shown, and the expression of viral genes was also confirmed. This model system is expected to shed light on the machinery and mechanism involved in geminiviral DNA replication in plants.
Conversion of 1,4-Dihydrobenzoic Acids to Polyformylbenzenes under Vilsmeier Reaction Conditions (1987)

1,4-Dihydrobenzoic acids 1a-e are converted by a one-pot reaction to benzene-mono-, di- and tricarboxaldehydes under Vilsmeier reaction conditions in yields ranging from 6 to 65. The same methodology also serves to give naphthalene-1,3-dicarboxaldehyde (2f) from 1.4-dihydro-1-naphthoic acid (1f) in 91 yield. Â© 1987 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
High quality factor RF inductors using low loss conductor featured with skin effect suppression for standard CMOS/BiCMOS (2011)

Integrated on-chip inductors with high quality factors are demonstrated using a low loss artificial conductor technology. This concept is based on an artificial layered meta-material comprising a bi-layered Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> /Cu superlattice. By properly tailoring the thickness ratio between the non-magnetic and magnetic metallic layers, the skin effects can be effectively suppressed within a wide frequency range, and can be tuned to a minimum at the frequency of interest up to 67 GHz. The quality factor has been increased by 41% of a 2nH inductor at 14.5GHz. The bandwidth of skin effect suppression is obtained between 10-18 GHz.
Biothreats-Bacterial Warfare Agents (2012)

Terrorism refers to the use or threat of force or violence against people or their property. The challenges of countering biological threats faced by the international community in the twenty-first century are broader and deeper in purpose the incidents connected with this series of events reveals certain important challenges and obstacles for the coordination and communication of public and private sector emergency responses to the possible terrorist bioweapon attacks. They do not only refer potential threat of States developing biological weapons but also to prevent the pathogens released into the environment and the accidental infection to the laboratory workers.
An Optimal Control Approach to the Multi-Agent Persistent Monitoring Problem in Two-Dimensional Spaces (2014)

We address the persistent monitoring problem in two-dimensional mission spaces where the objective is to control the trajectories of multiple cooperating agents to minimize an uncertainty metric. In a one-dimensional mission space, we have shown that the optimal solution is for each agent to move at maximal speed and switch direction at specific points, possibly waiting some time at each such point before switching. In a two-dimensional mission space, such simple solutions can no longer be derived. An alternative is to optimally assign each agent a linear trajectory, motivated by the one-dimensional analysis. We prove, however, that elliptical trajectories outperform linear ones. With this motivation, we formulate a parametric optimization problem in which we seek to determine such trajectories. We show that the problem can be solved using Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis (IPA) to obtain performance gradients on line and obtain a complete and scalable solution. Since the solutions obtained are generally locally optimal, we incorporate a stochastic comparison algorithm for deriving globally optimal elliptical trajectories. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the main result, allow for uncertainties modeled as stochastic processes, and compare our proposed scalable approach to trajectories obtained through off-line computationally intensive solutions.
A monoclonal antibody to a constant determinant of the rat T cell antigen receptor that induces T cell activation. Differential reactivity with subsets of immature and mature T lymphocytes. (1989)

mAb R73 detects a T cell-specific surface molecule consisting of two disulfide-linked subunits of 40 and 46 kD, respectively, on 97% of peripheral rat T cells, as defined by the OX-52 marker. Of the few OX-52+ R73- cells, none are CD4+ but many express the CD8 antigen known to be present on rat NK cells. mAb R73 is mitogenic for unseparated spleen cells and for purified T cells. In the absence of non-T "accessory cells", stimulation by R73 requires artificial crosslinking of the mAb and is largely dependent on exogenous IL-2. Overnight incubation of purified T cells with crosslinked R73 mAb induces blastoid transformation, IL-2-R expression, and modulation of the R73 antigen. In the rat thymus, mature medullary cells express the R73 determinant at the same level as peripheral T cells, whereas 94% of CD4-CD8- thymocytes are R73-. The major CD4+8+ thymocyte population contains 25% R73- and 70% R73low cells. Thymocytes of the CD4-CD8+OX-44- subpopulation that are the direct precursors of CD4+CD8+ cells display a continuum of R73 antigen density from undetectable to very low levels. We conclude that R73 is most likely directed at a constant determinant of the rat alpha/beta heterodimeric TCR and suggest that CD8+ immature thymocytes are the first cells in the T cell differentiation pathway to express this molecule at their surface.
Differential DNA extraction of challenging simulated sexual-assault samples: a Swiss collaborative study (2011)

In sexual-assault cases, autosomal DNA analysis of gynecological swabs is a challenge, as the presence of a large quantity of female material may prevent detection of the male DNA. A solution to this problem is differential DNA extraction, but there is no established best practice for this. We decided to test the efficacy of a number of different protocols on simulated casework samples. Four difficult samples were sent to the nine Swiss laboratories active in forensic genetics. In each laboratory, staff used their routine protocols to separate the epithelial-cell fraction, enriched with the non-sperm DNA, from the sperm fraction. DNA extracts were then sent to the organizing laboratory for analysis. Estimates of male:female DNA ratio without differential DNA extraction ranged from 1:38 to 1:339, depending on the semen used to prepare the samples. After differential DNA extraction, most of the ratios ranged from 1:12 to 9:1, allowing detection of the male DNA. Compared with direct DNA extraction, cell separation resulted in losses of 94-98% of the male DNA. As expected, more male DNA was generally present in the sperm than in the epithelial-cell fraction. However, for about 30% of the samples, the reverse trend was seen. The recovery of male and female DNA was highly variable, depending on the laboratory involved. An experimental design similar to the one used in this study may be of assistance for local protocol testing and improvement.
Brain edema and inflammatory activation in bile duct ligated rats with diet‐induced hyperammonemia (2006)

Studies of the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy are hampered by the lack of a satisfactory animal model. We examined the neurological features of rats after bile duct ligation fed a hyperammonemic diet (BDL+HD). Six groups were studied: sham, sham pair-fed, hyperammonemic, bile duct ligation (BDL), BDL pair fed, and BDL+HD. The BDL+HD rats were made hyperammonemic via an ammonia-containing diet that began 2 weeks after operation. One week later, the animals were sacrificed. BDL+HD rats displayed an increased level of cerebral ammonia and neuroanatomical characteristics of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), including the presence of type II Alzheimer astrocytes. Both BDL and BDL+HD rats showed activation of the inflammatory system. BDL+HD rats showed an increased amount of brain glutamine, a decreased amount of brain myo-inositol, and a significant increase in the level of brain water. In coordination tests, BDL+HD rats showed severe impairment of motor activity and performance as opposed to BDL rats, whose results seemed only mildly affected. In conclusion, the BDL+HD rats displayed similar neuroanatomical and neurochemical characteristics to human HE in liver cirrhosis. Brain edema and inflammatory activation can be detected under these circumstances.
Concentration and content (2013)

One of the more frequent activities in health sciences is the measurement of biological quantities. Frequently, when reading biomedical books and journals some confusion on the metrological meaning of biological quantities related to the concepts 'concentration' and 'content' may be observed. Classically, a concentration is an amount of any type per volume of liquid or gas system, whereas content is an amount of any type per mass of liquid or gas or solid system. However the concepts 'concentration' and 'content' alone are still ambiguous because, depending on the type of amount of the component (analyte) per volume or mass of a system, there are different types of concentrations and contents. This article attempts to give a clarification of these concepts, mainly based on international recommendations about nomenclature and terminology of metrology, chemistry and clinical laboratory sciences.
Nanocatalysts for Low-Temperature Oxidation of CO: Review (2015)

The oxidation of CO covers a wide range of applications from gas masks, gas sensors, indoor air quality control to hydrogen purification for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. The reaction attracts renewed interest both in fundamental and applied research of catalysis and electrochemistry. Recent developments and trends in catalysis towards the synthesis of nanocatalysts for CO oxidation are discussed in this review. Different modifications made to conventional catalysts synthesis approaches for preparation of nanocatalysts are critically analyzed. Nanocatalysts developed on the basis of noble metals completely convert CO at temperatures below 0 ºC. The development of active and stable catalysts without noble metals for low-temperature CO oxidation is a significant challenge. It was found that Co3O4 nanorods can be steadily active for CO oxidation at a temperature as low as –77 ºC. High activity of catalysts at low temperatures connected with nanosize particles and high surface area. This review summarized main directions of nanocatalysts development for CO low temperature oxidation.
Detailed Spectroscopic, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Characterization of Nickel(II) Complexes with 2,2‘-Bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline Attained via Equilibrium-Restricted Factor Analysis (2007)

The molar absorptivity curves of the mono and bis nickel(II) complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline have been deduced from the composite absorbance data of a series of equilibrium solutions in methanol using equilibrium-restricted factor analysis, a technique for extracting spectral and thermodynamic information for component species involved in solution equilibria. The solutions achieve equilibrium slowly (t(1/2) approximately 100 min) as the amounts of the tris and methanolato complexes are initially in excess. The relative formation constants at 293 K have been determined with a high degree of accuracy, especially for the bipyridine complexes: log(K(1)/K(2)) = 0.340(4) and log(K(2)/K(3)) = 1.091(6). Solubility limitations compromised the accuracy of the thermodynamic results for the phenanthroline complexes.
"Terabus" - a waveguide-based parallel optical interconnect for Tb/s-class on-board data transfers in computer systems (2005)

Technologies for Tb/s-class optical links are demonstrated, including an organic card with 48 integrated waveguides and a silicon-carrier interposer. 4×12-array optical transmitters and receivers operate up to 20 Gb/s and 14 Gb/s per channel, respectively, with <10 mW-per-Gb/s link power dissipation. (2 pages)
Particle aggregation monitoring by speckle size measurement; application to blood platelets aggregation (2004)

We report on a new method based on speckle size analysis and devoted to particle aggregation measurements. The experimental measurements give the speckle size variation during a salt aggregation process of polystyrene microspheres. The measurements are taken at a fixed monomer concentration, varying the salt concentration. Moreover, we applied this technique to follow blood platelet aggregation, usually monitored with a visible light transmittance photometer (aggregometer). Aggregation process was induced by ADP (adenosine diphosphate) addition, then we measured the speckle size variation versus time at two different ADP concentrations.
A New Type of Substituted Borohydride (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Type of Substituted BorohydrideThomas Wartik and Richard K. PearsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 4, 1075Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01609a107https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01609a107research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Methane Decomposition into Hydrogen and Carbon Nanofibers over Supported Pd−Ni Catalysts:  Characterization of the Catalysts during the Reaction (2004)

The addition of Pd into Ni/SiO2 improved the catalytic activity and life for methane decomposition into hydrogen and carbon nanofibers. Thus, Pd-added Ni/SiO2 (denoted as Pd−Ni/SiO2) was characterized by measuring the Ni and Pd K-edge XANES and EXAFS and TEM images. Methane decomposition on Ni/SiO2 or Pd/SiO2 formed carbon nanofibers with Ni or Pd metal particles at the tips of them. Ni metal in Ni/SiO2 was transformed into Ni carbides at the deactivation stage of the catalyst for methane decomposition. Pd metal particles in Pd/SiO2 were fragmented into smaller ones during methane decomposition. On the other hand, Pd−Ni/SiO2 produced carbon nanofibers of different shapes than those on Ni/SiO2 and Pd/SiO2, i.e., branched carbon nanofibers. The local structure and average crystallite size of Pd−Ni alloys in Pd−Ni/SiO2 did not change appreciably during methane decomposition, but the shape of alloy particles changed gradually. The number of facets on Pd−Ni alloy particles that precipitated carbon atoms increased during methane decomposition. This explains the increase in the catalytic life as well as the formation of branched carbon nanofibers.