gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discriminating visual stimuli from local field potentials recorded with a multi-electrode array in the monkey&#x2019;s visual cortex (2008)

We report on the development and testing of a system for classifying two types of visual stimuli from local field potentials (LFPs) recorded with a multi-electrode array chronically implanted in the visual cortical area V4 of a rhesus monkey. The monkey was trained during consecutive training sessions in a classical conditioning paradigm in which one stimulus was consistently paired with a fluid reward and another stimulus not. We first look at the flow of activation in the array by examining the non-linear Granger causality between pairs of electrodes. We observe that, as a function of training, the connectivity increases dramatically, for both stimulus types, making it unsuited for discriminating them. We also looked at the LFP amplitudes for both cases and discovered that the electrodes appear in two groups, depending on the similarity of their LFPs. Changes in synchrony between the two stimuli also mostly occur in the connections between the electrodes from the two groups. This provides us with a first set of discriminative features. The spectra of the LFPs showed a difference in the low and high frequency ranges for the two stimuli, which led us to consider specific coefficients of the wavelet decomposition as a second set of discriminative features. Finally, a classifier is constructed based on the feature scores in the 300 ms interval after stimulus onset, and prior to the possible fluid reward (at 400 ms), so as to avoid any influence of the reward. We obtained 80% classification performance from single trials, thus without any averaging.
The epidemiology of the dementias: an update (2007)

Dementia represents a major public health challenge as a consequence of rapid increase in the aging population worldwide, especially in developing countries. This challenge can be partly confronted by successful development of preventive strategies. Evidence has emerged that proper control of vascular disorders and maintenance of active lifestyles may prevent or delay the onset and progression of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Intervention trials are warranted to determine, to what extent, such programs are effective against dementia.
Viscoacoustic modeling and imaging using low-rank approximation (2015)

ABSTRACT A constant-Q wave equation involving fractional Laplacians was recently introduced for viscoacoustic modeling and imaging. This fractional wave equation has a convenient mixed-domain space-wavenumber formulation, which involves the fractional-Laplacian operators with a spatially varying power. We have applied the low-rank approximation to the mixed-domain symbol, which enables a space-variable attenuation specified by the variable fractional power of the Laplacians. Using the proposed approximation scheme, we formulated the framework of the Q-compensated reverse time migration (Q-RTM) for attenuation compensation. Numerical examples using synthetic data demonstrated the improved accuracy of using low-rank wave extrapolation with a constant-Q fractional-Laplacian wave equation for seismic modeling and migration in attenuating media. Low-rank Q-RTM applied to viscoacoustic data is capable of producing images comparable in quality with those produced by conventional RTM from acoustic data.
Macaque sperm coating protein DEFB126 facilitates sperm penetration of cervical mucus (2008)

DEFB126 and its high negative charge appears to be critical for the movement of sperm through CM in the macaque, while SPPs adhered to the sperm surface offer no advantage in CMP.
Histopathologic Features in Vitiligo (2008)

Nevus depigmentosus is a congenital disorder characterized by a nonprogressive hypopigmented lesion, which may not be apparent at birth. Thus, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate vitiligo from nevus depigmentosus only by clinical features. We postulated that the histologic changes in lesional and perilesional skin might be different in the 2 conditions. We took biopsies from both lesional and perilesional skin of 100 cases of vitiligo to assess the number of melanocytes, the amount of melanin, dermal inflammatory infiltrate, and other changes. We compared them with 30 cases of nevus depigmentosus. Histologically, lesions of vitiligo showed more basal hypopigmentation and dermal inflammation than perilesional normal skin. With Fontana-Masson staining, 16% of cases of vitiligo showed the presence of melanin. The ratio of pigmented area to epidermal area was 0.06% in vitiligo, whereas 17% in perilesional normal skin and 8.9% in nevus depigmentosus. In NKI/beteb staining, 12% of vitiligo showed the presence of melanocytes, and their average number was 7.68 per square millimeter. The number of melanocytes was also decreased in nevus depigmentosus but not as much as in vitiligo. We also confirmed the presence of melanocytes in 1 of 3 cases of vitiligo by electron microscopy. In conclusion, there are a few melanocytes and melanin in some cases of vitiligo. Therefore, the diagnosis of vitiligo should be made considering these points.
Crystal Violet Assay for Determining Viability of Cultured Cells (2016)

Adherent cells detach from cell culture plates during cell death. This characteristic can be used for the indirect quantification of cell death and to determine differences in proliferation upon stimulation with death-inducing agents. One simple method to detect maintained adherence of cells is the staining of attached cells with crystal violet dye, which binds to proteins and DNA. Cells that undergo cell death lose their adherence and are subsequently lost from the population of cells, reducing the amount of crystal violet staining in a culture. This protocol describes a quick and reliable screening method that is suitable for the examination of the impact of chemotherapeutics or other compounds on cell survival and growth inhibition. However, characterization of the cause of reduced crystal violet staining requires additional methods detailed elsewhere.
Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen immunoscintigraphy (technetium-99m-monoclonal antibody BW 431/26) and serum CEA levels in patients with suspected primary and recurrent colorectal carcinoma. (1991)

This study comprises a total of 141 patients with suspected primary and recurrent colorectal carcinomas, in whom immunoscintigraphy with 99mTc-Mab BW 431/26 was performed. Whole-body scans were done 5.5 hr and SPECT imaging of the abdominal region was done at 6 and 24 hr postinjection of 1100 MBq 99mTc-labeled Mab (1 mg). In the course of primary tumor identification (n = 65), sensitivity of anti-CEA immunoscintigraphy was 95%, specificity 91%. In the diagnosis of early recurrences (n = 76), immunoscintigraphy was the method of choice to clarify the problem (sensitivity 94%; specificity 86%). Overall sensitivity of immunoscintigraphy in patients with suspected colorectal carcinomas and early recurrences was 95%, specificity 88%. Human anti-mouse antibodies were found in 29% (80% predominantly anti-isotypic, 20% predominantly anti-idiotypic). In contrast to anti-CEA immunoscintigraphy, the results of serum CEA levels were rather disappointing. Only 18 out of the 43 surgically verified primary colorectal carcinomas and 17 out of 32 patients with recurrences showed elevated serum CEA levels. In our clinical experience with this 99mTc-labeled anti-CEA antibody, immunoscintigraphy can play an important role in the identification of early colorectal recurrences and in postoperative colorectal cancer patients it should be performed in cases with unclear transmission computed tomography.
A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY RECOGNIZING HUMAN THY‐ 1: DISTRIBUTION ON HUMAN AND NON‐HUMAN PRIMATE HAEMATOPOIETIC CELLS (1984)

A monoclonal antibody designated 'antibody 390' (Ab 390) with anti-human Thy-1 reactivity was prepared by the hybridoma technique from the splenocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with human fetal brain. This antibody was shown to have anti-human Thy-1 reactivity because (1) it precipitated a molecule with a molecular weight of about 24,000 daltons, (2) it had a pattern of reactivity similar to that of previously described anti-human Thy-1 antibodies and (3) purified human Thy-1 antigen specifically inhibited binding of Ab 390 to a known antigen-positive cell line. It was the intent of this study to investigate the distribution of Thy-1 on normal and malignant haematopoietic cells in humans and non-human primates. We show here that Ab 390 did not react with human peripheral blood leucocytes, bone marrow cells or splenocytes by immunofluorescence but did react with subcapsular and cortical fetal thymocytes by peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistology. A section of fetal spleen demonstrated staining of connective tissue and blood vessels and rare reactive lymphocytes. Adult spleen contained Thy-1-positive cells surrounding the white pulp and in the marginal zone, but single-cell suspensions of splenocytes did not react with Ab 390. Ab 390 was tested against a variety of fresh human leukaemia cells and human cell lines and was shown to react with only the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia T cell lines RPMI 8402 and HPB-MLT. Non-human primate studies revealed reactivity with a number of T cell lines from New World primates (cotton-topped and red-bellied marmosets) and peripheral blood granulocytes (owl monkey). Our studies support previous findings that suggest that human Thy-1 may be a marker for early T lymphocytes in man, and its distribution on non-human primate T cell lines suggests the same for certain species of non-human primates. Not consistent with the distribution on human cells was the demonstration of Ab 390 reactivity with owl monkey granulocytes.
Transition Temperatures for <i>n</i>-Alkyltrichlorosilane Monolayers (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentTransition Temperatures for n-Alkyltrichlorosilane MonolayersR. R. RyeView Author Information Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 Cite this: Langmuir 1997, 13, 9, 2588–2590Publication Date (Web):April 30, 1997Publication History Received26 September 1996Published online30 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la960934uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/la960934uarticle-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views717Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (102 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Hydroxyls,Layers,Lipids,Monolayers,Transition temperature Get e-Alerts
Two new mutations in the <i>HIF2A</i> gene associated with erythrocytosis (2012)

Abstract Congenital or familial erythrocytosis/polycythemia can have many causes, and an emerging cause is genetic disruption of the oxygen‐sensing pathway that regulates the Erythropoietin ( EPO ) gene. More specifically, recent studies have identified erythrocytosis‐associated mutations in the HIF2A gene, which encodes for Hypoxia Inducible Factor‐2α (HIF‐2α), as well as in two genes that encode for proteins that regulate it, Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain protein 2 (PHD2) and the von Hippel Lindau tumor suppressor protein (VHL). We report here the identification of two new heterozygous HIF2A missense mutations, M535T, and F540L, both associated with erythrocytosis. Met‐535 has previously been identified as a residue mutated in other patients with erythrocytosis; although, the mutation of this particular residue to Thr has not been reported. In contrast, Phe‐540 has not been reported as a residue mutated in erythrocytosis, and we present evidence here that this mutation impairs interaction of HIF‐2α with both VHL and PHD2. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The synthesis of isostructural Mo2+ porphyrin and N-confused porphyrin complexes (2005)

We have synthesized the first early transition metal N-confused porphyrin complex Mo(NCTPP)(pip)2; this species is isostructural to its normal porphyrin analog Mo(TPP)(pip)2 but exhibits significant electronic differences arising from the inversion of a single pyrrolic group.
Triiodothyronine and breast cancer (2014)

The thyroid hormones (THs), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), are essential for survival; they are involved in the processes of development, growth, and metabolism. In addition to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, THs are involved in other diseases. The role of THs in the development and differentiation of mammary epithelium is well established; however, their specific role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC) is controversial. Steroid hormones affect many human cancers and the abnormal responsiveness of the mammary epithelial cells to estradiol (E2) in particular is known to be an important cause for the development and progression of BC. The proliferative effect of T3 has been demonstrated in various types of cancer. In BC cell lines, T3 may foster the conditions for tumor proliferation and increase the effect of cell proliferation by E2; thus, T3 may play a role in the development and progression of BC. Studies show that T3 has effects similar to E2 in BC cell lines. Despite controversy regarding the relationship between thyroid disturbances and the incidence of BC, studies show that thyroid status may influence the development of tumor, proliferation and metastasis.
L-Arginine Supplementation Improves Function and Reduces Inflammation in Renal Allografts (2001)

Recovery from ischemia/reperfusion and immune-mediated injury in the renal transplant is associated with reduced renal hemodynamics and increased leukocyte infiltration. In diverse models of renal failure, L-arginine supplementation improved hemodynamics and reduced inflammation. However in a proinflammatory environment, L-arginine can worsen renal injury. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of L-arginine supplementation in allogeneic renal transplantation: Brown Norway rat kidneys were transplanted into Lewis rat recipients, with one native kidney remaining. Recipients received low-dose cyclosporin A (2.5 mg/kg per d subcutaneously) to obtain moderate vascular and interstitial rejection, with or without 1% L-arginine in drinking water for 7 d posttransplantation. Transplantation increased renal vasoconstriction (from 16.9 +/- 1.33 to 35.1 +/- 8.6 units; P: < 0.01), thereby reducing GFR (from 0.96 +/- 0.09 to 0.48 +/- 0.10 ml/min; P: < 0.05). Treatment with L-arginine restored renal graft function to levels found in normal donors (renal vascular resistance, 15.7 +/- 1.69 units; GFR, 0.80 +/- 0.06 ml/min). L-arginine significantly reduced vascular occlusion because of less inflammation, endothelial disruption, and thrombosis. L-arginine also decreased tubulitis, interstitial injury, and macrophage infiltration. These protective effects suggest that L-arginine might be useful as additive therapy to conventional immune suppression.
Preparation of 3-cyano-4-(R-vinyl)-5,5-dimethyl-Δ3-butenolides and substituent effects on their infrared spectra (1989)

Twenty nine 3-cyano-4-(R-vinyl)-5,5-dimethyl-Δ 3 -butenolides were prepared by condensation of 3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-Δ 3 -butenolide with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. The wave numbers of C=O, C=N and C=C stretching vibrations of synthesized compounds were measured in trichloro- and tetrachloromethane. The spectral data were correlated with substituent conotants using Hammett-Brown and the improved and extended Seth-Paul-Van Duyse equation. The statistical results of correlations were compared with those of ethyl α-cyanocinnamates, ethyl benzoates and benzonitriles. The transmission factors for one and two C=C bonds were determined in the regions of π' = 0.46-0.57 and 0.27-0.37, respectively. In 3-cyano-4-(arylvinyl)-5,5-dimethyl-Δ 3 -butenolides a considerable conjugation exists between the arylvinyl moiety and both the C=O and C=N groups. On the other hand, in 3-cyano-4-(alkylvinyl)-5,5-dimethyl-Δ 3 -butenolides probably only the endocyclic C=C bond takes part in a marked resonance interaction with alkylvinyl group. A generally valid relationship was found between the slopes of ν(C=O) vs σ + and ν(C=N) vs σ + correlations for different types of compounds measured in CHCl 3 and CCl 4 .
The dictionary of roses in colour (1971)

This is a celebration of that most popular of all garden flowers, the rose. 96 colour plates illustrate more than 500 roses of every kind - from four inches high, 40 feet tall, roses in a multitude of subtle colour combinations to even green roses. 800 alphabetically arranged descriptions give details of height, flowering times, scent, the raiser's name and the date of introduction plus guidance and advice for the gardener on all aspects of cultivation - training, pruning, propagation and the control of pests and diseases. Patrick Synge is the co-author of The Dictionary of Garden Plants in Colour and edited the journal of the RHS for many years.
An active power filter and unbalanced current compensator (1997)

This paper presents the synthesis and performance of a shunt active power filter based on the three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) voltage converter connected to the AC mains. Current harmonics and asymmetries caused by nonlinear loads can be compensated. A decoupled system in Park's variables is achieved and so simple controllers with excellent performance can be used. The controllers are implemented directly in the Park's referential. Expressions for the controller's synthesis are derived. Experimental results from a 2 kVA IGBT prototype showing excellent dynamic and steady-state system's performances are presented. The control circuit is implemented with analog and digital electronic circuits. A considerable amount of electronic circuits are needed. The method presented in this paper can also be implemented with a digital signal processor.
Experimental tumor targeting with radiolabeled ligands (1997)

Methods that increase the localization of radiolabeled ligands in solid tumors while reducing uptake in normal tissues will be required so that a sufficient radiation absorbed dose can be delivered for potentially curative treatment of radioresistant tumors in clinical radioimmunotherapy trials.
Trigeminal nerve ganglion stimulation‐induced neurovascular reflexes in the anaesthetized cat: Role of endothelin<sub>B</sub> receptors in carotid vasodilatation (1999)

1. The effects of intravenous administration of endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists SB-209670 (0.001-10.0 mg kg(-1)), SB-217242, SB-234551 (0.01-10.0 mg kg(-1)) and BQ-788 (0.001-1.0 mg kg(-1)) were investigated on trigeminal nerve ganglion stimulation-induced neurovascular reflexes in the carotid vasculature of the anaesthetized cat. Comparisons were made with sumatriptan (0.003-3.0 mg kg(-1)) and alpha-CGRP8-37 (0.001-0.1 mg kg(-1)). 2. Trigeminal nerve ganglion stimulation produced frequency related increases in carotid blood flow, reductions in carotid vascular resistance and non-frequency related increases in blood pressure. Guanethidine (3 mg kg(-1), i.v.) blocked trigeminal nerve ganglion-induced increases in blood pressure but had no effect on changes in carotid flow or resistance. Maximal reductions in carotid vascular resistance was observed at 10 Hz, and this frequency was selected to investigate the effects of drugs on trigeminal nerve ganglion stimulation-induced responses in guanethidine treated cats. 3. Saline, alpha-CGRP8-37 SB-209670 and BQ-788 had little or no effect on resting haemodynamic parameters. SB-217242 (10 mg kg(-1), n=3) produced a 56% reduction in arterial blood pressure whereas SB-233451 (10 mg kg(-1), n=3) produced a 30% reduction in carotid vascular resistance. Sumatriptan produced dose-related reductions in resting carotid flow and increases (max. 104% at 0.3 mg kg(-1), n = 5) in vascular resistance. 4. SB-209670 (n=6-7), SB-217242 (n=3) and BQ-788 (n=3) produced inhibition of trigeminal nerve ganglion stimulation-induced reductions in carotid vascular resistance. Saline, SB-234551, alpha-CGRP8-37 and sumatriptan had no effect. 5. These data demonstrate ET(B) receptor blockade attenuates the vasodilator effects of trigeminal nerve ganglion stimulation in the carotid vascular bed of guanethidine pretreated anaesthetized cats.
Alterations in human vascular endothelial cell function by oxygen free radicals. Platelet adherence and prostacyclin release. (1991)

This study was directed to the ability of oxygen free radicals to cause reversible vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. A well-characterized system for the production of the superoxide anion radical (O2(-).) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), employing xanthine and xanthine oxidase, was used to sublethally injure human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells in vitro. We examined the effects of a 15-minute incubation of HUVE cells with xanthine (50 microM) and xanthine oxidase (2.5-100 munits) on platelet adherence and prostacyclin (PGI2) release. All experiments were conducted in a serum-free N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-(2-ethanesulfonic acid)-Tyrode buffer (pH 7.4) incubation system. Exposure of HUVE cells to sublethal concentrations of oxygen free radicals caused significant enhancement of platelet adherence (65 +/- 6.3%) to injured endothelium. A 12-fold increase in PGI2 release resulted after a 15-minute treatment with xanthine and xanthine oxidase. The addition of exogenous PGI2 (150 mM) to platelet-endothelial systems did not completely prevent the enhanced platelet adherence, suggesting that a lack of PGI2 was not completely responsible for the adherence of platelets to O2(-).-injured cells. When superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, scavengers of O2(-). and H2O2, were added in combination to treated cells, platelet adherence decreased by 42-77% and PGI2 release approached that of control cultures. No decrease in either platelet adherence or PGI2 release occurred when chemically inactivated forms of SOD and catalase or bovine serum albumin were added to oxidant-treated cultures.
Combined intravenous treatment with ascorbic acid and desferrioxamine to reduce myocardial reperfusion injury in an experimental model resembling the clinical setting of primary PCI. (2013)

Intravenous treatment with a combination of the antioxidant ascorbic acid and the iron-chelating agent desferrioxamine does not provide significant protection against myocardial reperfusion injury.