gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shunt Piezoelectric Systems for Noise and Vibration Control: A Review (2019)

In this paper, the current state of the art on shunt piezoelectric systems for noise and vibration control is reviewed. The core idea behind the operation of electronic shunt piezoelectric circuits is based on their capability of transforming the dynamic strain energy of the host structure, i.e. a smart beam or plate, into electric energy, using the properties of the direct piezoelectric phenomenon and sending this energy into the electronic circuit where it can be partially consumed and transformed into heat. For this purpose, transducers which are made by piezoelectric materials are used, since such materials present excellent electromechanical coupling properties, along with very good frequency response. Shunt piezoelectric systems consist of an electric impedance, which in turn consists of a resistance, an inductance or a capacitance in every possible combination. Several types of such systems have been proposed in the literature for noise or vibration control for both single-mode and multi-mode systems. The different types of shunt circuits provide results comparable to other types of control methods, as for example with tuned mass-dampers, with certain viscoelastic materials, etc. As for the hosting structure, several studies on beams and plates connected with shunt circuits have been proposed in recent literature. The optimization of such systems can be performed either on the design and placement of the piezoelectric transducers or on the improvement and fine-tuning of the characteristics of the system, i.e. the values of the resistance, the inductance, the capacitance and so on and so forth. There are several applications of shunt systems including among others, structural noise control, vibration control, application on hard drives, on smart panels etc. Last but not least, shunt circuits can be also used for energy harvesting in order to collect the small amount of energy which is necessary in order to make the system self-sustained.
Temperature Effect on Oxygen Permeability of Edible Protein‐based Films (1993)

ABSTRACT Edible films from corn zein, wheat gluten, and wheat gluten/soy protein isolate (2.1:0.9) were produced and their oxygen permeabilities were determined at 7, 15, 25, and 35°C under 0% relative humidity. Mean oxygen permeability values for the 3 films were in the range of 1.8–11.2, 0.9–6.1, and 0.6–3.8 amol/m.s.Pa, respectively. Data for all 3 films showed very good agreement with the Arrhenius activation energy model. No structural transitions were indicated within these films in this temperature range. Calculated activation energy values for the oxygen permeation process were 11.1, 11.9, and 10.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Comparisons with some non‐protein edible coatings and plastic packaging materials showed dry protein films were very efficient oxygen barriers.
<sup>29</sup>Si NMR Kinetic Study of Tetraethoxysilane and Ethyl-Substituted Ethoxysilane Polymerization in Acidic Conditions (1996)

29Si NMR is used to quantify the polymerization kinetics of silicon alkoxide intermediates in acidic sol−gel processes well before gelation. Reaction conditions are chosen (a) to minimize interference by hydrolysis kinetics and differing degrees of hydrolysis and (b) to investigate the possibility of single-step copolymerization. At the composition chosen hydrolysis reactions rapidly reach pseudoequilibrium, so condensation rate coefficients can be easily determined. We compare condensation rate coefficients of hydrolyzed intermediates from tetraethoxysilane {Si(OEt)4}, ethyltriethoxysilane {EtSi(OEt)3}, and diethyldiethoxysilane {Et2Si(OEt)2} at a constant initial water and catalyst concentration. A surprisingly strong negative first-shell substitution effect is caused by connectivity for each system and is discussed. This substitution effect depends on the degree of condensation of both reacting groups but more so on the less connected one. We also comment on a decrease in condensation reactivity and an increase in hydrolysis reactivity and favorability caused by the nonreactive ethyl groups.
Trajectory Preshaping for High-Speed Articulated Systems (1995)

This paper presents a method for reducing the tracking errors of articulated systems, moving along specified paths at high speeds. It consists of preshaping the reference trajectory to account for the dynamics of the feedback controller. The trajectory is assumed to be feasible, satisfying the known manipulator dynamics and the actuator constraints. The correction term, added to the nominal trajectory, is computed by filtering the nominal control inputs through the inverse of the feedback controller. A learning procedure is also presented to account for unknown parameters of the feedback controller and for unmodeled dynamics. It consists of an iterative parameter optimization that minimizes the tracking error along the path at each joint. The initial guesses for this optimization are selected to ensure that the tracking error is not worse than the error with no preshaping. The method is demonstrated experimentally for the UCLA Direct Drive Arm and for the AdeptOne industrial robot, achieving mean tracking errors as low as 0.11 mm at top speeds of 1.8 m/s.
Fabrication of fully integrated antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides using the femtosecond laser direct-write technique (2013)

Utilizing a recently developed two-step fabrication process, we have experimentally demonstrated what is to the best of our knowledge the first ever integrated antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW), directly inscribed into bulk optical glass. The waveguide consists of an array of high-index contrast rods that surround an unmodified core. The transmission spectrum reveals the formation of discrete bandgaps that can be tuned by varying the diameter of the individual rods.
The sorption of hydrogen and deuterium by copper and palladium II-The sorption by palladium and diffusion through copper (1935)

Abstract In Part I it was shown that the process of activated diffusion of hydrogen into copper was composite including a true activated diffusion; the energy of activation for the hydrogen and deuterium migration differing from one another to an extent which was slightly less than the zero point energy differences of tire compound CuH and CuD. In addition another reaction independent of the nature of the two gases was found to be present and which governed the reaction velocity at low temperatures. In order to discover whether this second reaction was localized at the gas solid interface or not, methods had to be devised for observing the diffusion of hydrogen through thin copper films. Copper films formed by electroplating on stainless steel and stripping off by razor blades proved too fragile to Use without support, and finally deposition on palladium as support was adopted. This necessitated a series of investigations on the behaviour of palladium in respect to its permeability for the two isotopes and an examination as to how far a palladium copper interface differed from a gas copper interface in respect to diffusion. Solution and Diffusion in Palladium The palladium was employed in two forms, a thin palladium tube and a palladium disc of approximately the same area and thickness as the tube.
Electric Field Induced Light Absorption in CdS (1960)

A shift of the band edge in CdS has been brought about by application of a high electric field to CdS crystals. High fields are produced at the rectifying junction between a conducting CdS crystal and an electrolyte solution. A shift of the band edge of 70 A was observed for an applied emf of 120 volts. The effect is reversible and the absorption spectrum of the crystal after removing the field is identical with that before the field was applied. The absorption parallel to the crystal $c$ axis and the absorption perpendicular to the $c$ axis are affected in the same way by the applied field. The enhanced absorption at the band edge is believed to be the result of photon-assisted tunneling of electrons from valence band to conduction band in the high-field region within the crystal.
Phosphatidylcholine-binding proteins of bovine seminal plasma modulate capacitation of spermatozoa by heparin (1995)

Bovine seminal plasma (BSP) contains four similar acidic proteins, previously designated as BSP-A1, BSP-A2, BSP-A3, and BSP-30-kDa. These proteins are secreted by the seminal vesicles and coat the surface of the spermatozoa after ejaculation. The binding site of BSP proteins on the sperm surface has been identified as choline phospholipids on the plasma membrane. This study was undertaken to determine whether BSP proteins modulate capacitation of bovine spermatozoa induced by heparin. Bovine epididymal spermatozoa were washed and incubated in buffer containing BSP proteins and then washed and incubated with heparin. The percentage of capacitated spermatozoa was determined under the microscope after the acrosome reaction has been initiated with the addition of lysophosphatidylcholine. The results demonstrated that epididymal sperm undergo the acrosome reaction only in the presence of BSP proteins. This effect was concentration-dependent and reached a maximum level of a 3-5-fold increase at 20-40 micrograms/ml BSP protein concentrations. In contrast, ribonuclease (purified from bovine seminal fluid) or seminal fluid proteins depleted of BSP proteins (by sequential absorption of BSP proteins on gelatin-Agarose and DEAE-Sephadex columns) showed no significant potentiating activity. The purified BSP proteins were more active than crude alcohol precipitates of bovine seminal plasma. These results indicate that BSP proteins are regulatory factors of capacitation.
Unusual Manganese(III)-Mediated Oxidative Free Radical Additions of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds to Benzonorbornadiene and 7-Heterobenzonorbornadienes:  Mechanistic Studies (2007)

Benzonorbornadiene and heterobenzonorbornadiene were reacted with dimedone/acetylacetone and Mn(OAc)3 in the presence and absence of Cu(OAc)2. The reaction of benzonorbornadiene with dimedone gave mainly the dihydrofuran addition product, whereas the reaction with acetylacetone produced a rearranged product in addition to the dihydrofuran derivative. On the other hand, oxanorbornadiene gave unusual products such as the cycloproponated compound and a product arising from the incorporation of 2 mol of dimedone. The reaction of azanorbornadiene with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and Mn(OAc)3 always produced rearranged products. The mechanism of formation of the products is discussed. We generally observe that the cyclization reaction takes place after the oxidation of the initially formed radical.
Chapitre V. Topologie des rapports sociaux (1974)

L’univers rapa est peuplé de cinq catégories d’individus : les amis, les voisins, les inconnus, les amants et les parents. Certaines de ces catégories se subdivisent, en particulier celle des parents. Dans une certaine mesure, les échanges avec autrui sont définis par la catégorie ou la sous-catégorie à laquelle appartiennent les personnes concernées. Ce chapitre tente de décrire ce système de catégories sociales et d’expliquer son influence sur les rapports humains.La Hiérarchie socialeDans...
Formation and Elimination of Surface Nanodefects on Ultraflat Metal Surfaces Produced by Template Stripping (2011)

Ultraflat metal surfaces are used in template stripping (TS), which is a method for obtaining a metal with an average surface roughness on the order of <1 nm. This is important for plasmonics, for the production of high-quality SAM surfaces, and for many other applications. Herein we show for the first time that TS indeed introduces a very high density of surface nanodefects (twinning and stacking faults), which can strongly hinder surface-induced properties such as SAM ordering and plasmonic phenomena, despite the seemingly overall ultrahigh flatness. We have used state of the art characterization techniques such as HRXRD, spherical-aberration-corrected HRTEM, and STM. We also demonstrate how these nanodefects can be completely eliminated.
Worst-case structural analysis (2013)

Direct digital manufacturing is a set of rapidly evolving technologies that provide easy ways to manufacture highly customized and unique products. The development pipeline for such products is radically different from the conventional manufacturing pipeline: 3D geometric models are designed by users often with little or no manufacturing experience, and sent directly to the printer. Structural analysis on the user side with conventional tools is often unfeasible as it requires specialized training and software. Trial-and-error, the most common approach, is time-consuming and expensive. We present a method that would identify structural problems in objects designed for 3D printing based on geometry and material properties only , without specific assumptions on loads and manual load setup. We solve a constrained optimization problem to determine the "worst" load distribution for a shape that will cause high local stress or large deformations. While in its general form this optimization has a prohibitively high computational cost, we demonstrate that an approximate method makes it possible to solve the problem rapidly for a broad range of printed models. We validate our method both computationally and experimentally and demonstrate that it has good predictive power for a number of diverse 3D printed shapes.
Dendritic Cells Stimulate the Expansion of bcr-abl Specific CD8+ T Cells With Cytotoxic Activity Against Leukemic Cells From Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (1998)

The role of T lymphocytes in the control of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after bone marrow transplantations has been clearly shown. This effect closely correlates with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). A specific graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect separate from GVHD has been postulated but has been difficult to show. One possible target for specific GVL activity is the bcr-abl fusion protein characteristic of CML. We have investigated the use of normal peptide-pulsed dendritic cells for the generation of cytotoxic, bcr-abl-specific T cells from normal donors. T cells (CD3+, CD8+, TCR alpha beta+, and NK receptor-negative) generated from a normal donor (HLA A24, B52, B59, Cw1) after stimulation with autologous dendritic cells, primed with a 16 mer peptide spanning the b3a2 breakpoint of bcr-abl, lysed CML cells from the peripheral blood of seven patients with CML with the b3a2 breakpoint. CML cells from four patients with only the b2a2 breakpoint were not lysed. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) blasts derived from peripheral blood of patients with CML were not lysed, suggesting that cytotoxicity was not due to alloreactivity. Blocking experiments with anti-HLA-A,B,C indicated that cytotoxicity was dependent on recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, although cytotoxicity was not MHC-restricted because not all patients shared HLA types with the T-cell donor. Specificity for bcr-abl and absence of alloreactivity was confirmed by the presence of lytic activity against autologous and allogeneic class I HLA-A matched monocytes pulsed with the 16 mer bcr-abl fusion peptide, but not against unpulsed monocytes or monocytes pulsed with other peptides. These results show that bcr-abl-specific T cells with marked cytotoxic activity against CML cells can be generated and amplified from normal donor peripheral blood. Recognition of HLA molecules is essential for cytotoxicity but strict HLA identity is not required.
Sequential Investment, Hold-up and Strategic Delay (2014)

We investigate hold-up with simultaneous and sequential investment. We show that if the encouragement effect of sequential complementary investments dominates the delay effect, sequential investment alleviates the underinvestment caused by the hold-up problem. Further, if it is allowed to choose when to invest, strategic delay occurs when the encouragement effect of sequential complementary investments dominates the delay effect. JEL classification: C70, D23
M200 (volociximab), a chimeric antibody against integrin alpha5 beta1, inhibits tumor growth by multiple mechanisms (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

4497 

Interactions between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the tumor microenvironment are mediated by heterodimeric integrins. One such integrin, alpha5 beta1, mediates adhesion and migration towards fibronectin via a highly conserved RGD sequence. We have found, through immunohistochemical analysis of human tumor tissue, that integrin alpha5 beta1 is highly expressed on the surface of tumor epithelial cells, as well as endothelial cells that make up the invading neovasculature. In vitro , a high-affinity function-blocking antibody against alpha5 beta1, M200, was found to inhibit the proliferation of human endothelial cells by a mechanism that involves cell death. A significant proportion of cancer cell lines tested retained a high level of surface alpha5 beta1 in vitro . In proliferation assays, a subset of these cell lines was particularly sensitive to M200. In affected cell lines, M200 was found to inhibit proliferation on fibronectin, as well as other ECM proteins, even when added 24 hours after plating. The effects on proliferation were due, at least in part, to the ability of M200 to induce cell death in these cell lines. M200 cross-reacts with rabbit, but not rodent, alpha5 beta1, therefore, a rabbit neovascularization model was chosen to evaluate the potency of M200 in vivo . M200 was found to exert a statistically significant effect in inhibiting angiogenesis in this setting. We are currently assessing possible anti-tumor effects using the rabbit VX2 carcinoma model. These data suggest that M200 inhibits tumor growth by targeting cancer cells directly, in addition to endothelial cells in the tumor neovasculature.
Decomposition Kernels for Natural Language Processing (2006)

We propose a simple solution to the sequence labeling problem based on an extension of weighted decomposition kernels. We additionally introduce a multiinstance kernel approach for representing lexical word sense information. These new ideas have been preliminarily tested on named entity recognition and PP attachment disambiguation. We finally suggest how these techniques could be potentially merged using a declarative formalism that may provide a basis for the integration of multiple sources of information when using kernel-based learning in NLP.
Affinity peptide developed by phage display selection for targeting gastric cancer (2012)

A novel peptide is discovered to have a specific binding activity to gastric cancer, and can be used to distinguish neoplastic from normal gastric mucosa, demonstrating the potential for early cancer detection on endoscopy.
Analysis of failures on memories using expert system techniques (2002)

An expert system to assist in the diagnosis of failures on VLSI memories is presented. This expert system, using Prolog and implemented on an IBM PS/2, is intended to assist low-skilled people in finding and analyzing the faulty blocks responsible for the failures, as well as the data sheet parameters, which are sensitive. After a review of the requirements which dictated this technical choice, the expert system is described in detail. The level of performance is discussed, along with possible extensions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rayleigh fading compensation method for 16qam modem in digital land mobile radio systems (1990)

Abstract To cope with the increasing demands for the land mobile communication with a limited frequency band, it is necessary to improve the spectral efficiency beyond the present state. QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) is one of the effective means for this purpose. When QAM is applied to land mobile communication, however, a great distortion is produced in the envelope and the phase due to fading fluctuation. Because of this property, few discussions have been made on the application of QAM to land mobile communication. This paper proposes the following system for such an application. The fading distortion is measured from the periodically inserted known frame symbol. By interpolating the obtained time‐series, the fading distortion for all symbols is estimated. Then the distortion is compensated. The performance when the proposed method is applied to 16QAM is examined by computer simulation. It is seen as a result that the fading distortion can be compensated with high accuracy, making 16QAM applicable to land mobile communications.
Noise Reduction in Computed Tomography Scans Using 3-D Anisotropic Hybrid Diffusion With Continuous Switch (2009)

Noise filtering techniques that maintain image contrast while decreasing image noise have the potential to optimize the quality of computed tomography (CT) images acquired at reduced radiation dose. In this paper, a hybrid diffusion filter with continuous switch (HDCS) is introduced, which exploits the benefits of three-dimensional edge-enhancing diffusion (EED) and coherence-enhancing diffusion (CED). Noise is filtered, while edges, tubular structures, and small spherical structures are preserved. From ten high dose thorax CT scans, acquired at clinical doses, ultra low dose ( 15 mAs ) scans were simulated and used to evaluate and compare HDCS to other diffusion filters, such as regularized Perona-Malik diffusion and EED. Quantitative results show that the HDCS filter outperforms the other filters in restoring the high dose CT scan from the corresponding simulated low dose scan. A qualitative evaluation was performed on filtered real low dose CT thorax scans. An expert observer scored artifacts as well as fine structures and was asked to choose one of three scans (two filtered (blinded), one unfiltered) for three different settings (trachea, lung, and mediastinal). Overall, the HDCS filtered scan was chosen most often.
Using skeletal muscle as an artificial endocrine tissue (1999)

Gene transfer into muscle tissue is currently being developed as a method for the production, secretion and delivery of therapeutic proteins. This methodology has been used to produce a variety of physiologically active proteins and may ultimately be applied to the treatment of several diseases. In this review, we consider several applications of this methodology and discuss approaches for modulating therapeutic protein production and secretion from muscle, using growth hormone as an example. In addition, factors limiting the effectiveness of muscle gene transfer are also discussed, as these shall determine the efficacy of muscle gene transfer when applied to humans.
Derivative portfolio risk management using a value-at-risk framework (2002)

Hedging derivative portfolio risk using the Greeks (i.e. Delta, Gamma, Vega, etc.) is common. The paper presents an alternative or additional value-added approach to hedging downside risk by using a value-at-risk framework.
Whole Genome Amplification from Microdissected Chromosomes (2009)

Over the last years various whole genome amplification (WGA) methods have been established for genetic investigations from a limited number of cells or small quantities of DNA but not for molecular analysis of isolated chromosomes, which is important for the direct investigation of haplotypes or molecular rearrangements of derivative chromosomes in clinical cytogenetics and oncology. Here, the results of a pilot study in which the GenomePlex Single Cell Kit® linker adapter PCR approach (Sigma-Aldrich, Vienna, Austria) was modified for WGA of glass needle based microdissected chromosomes are presented. Compared with two other WGA strategies (Improved-Primer Extension Preamplification PCR and Multiple Displacement Amplification) the GenomePlex Single Cell Kit® shows a higher rate of successfully amplified markers, a lower WGA drop out rate and faster feasibility.