gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The RhoA/ROCK-I/MLC pathway is involved in the ethanol-induced apoptosis by anoikis in astrocytes (2006)

Anoikis is a programmed cell death induced by loss of anchorage that is involved in tissue homeostasis and disease. Ethanol is an important teratogen that induces marked central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctions. Here we show that astrocytes exposed to ethanol undergo morphological changes associated with anoikis, including the peripheral reorganization of both focal adhesions and actin-myosin system, cell contraction, membrane blebbing and chromatin condensation. We found that either the small GTPase RhoA or its effector ROCK-I (Rho kinase), promotes membrane blebbing in astrocytes. Ethanol induces a ROCK-I activation that is mediated by RhoA, rather than by caspase-3 cleavage. Accordingly, the RhoA inhibitor C3, completely abolishes the ethanol-induced ROCK-I activation. Furthermore, inhibition of both RhoA and ROCK prevents the membrane blebbing induced by ethanol. Ethanol also promotes myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, which might be involved in the actin-myosin contraction. All of these findings strongly support that ethanol-exposed astrocytes undergo apoptosis by anoikis and also that the RhoA/ROCK-I/MLC pathway participates in this process.
Characterization of cis-Acting Sequences Regulating Root-Specific Gene Expression in Tobacco (1991)

Yuri T. Yamamoto, Christopher G. Taylor, Gregoria N. Acedo, Chi-Lien Cheng, Mark A. Conkling, Characterization of cis-Acting Sequences Regulating Root-Specific Gene Expression in Tobacco, The Plant Cell, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Apr., 1991), pp. 371-382
Proceedings, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 31st Annual 1997 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, October 15-17,1997, Canberra, Australia (1997)

This volume explores applications of video to surveillance, access control and perimeter protection. Concerns about computer, and information and communications securities are also addressed with proposed solutions. The development of advanced and innovative techniques are reported.
화이트헤드의 신론(神論)에 관한 연구(硏究) -자연주의(自然主義) 신론(神論)을 중심(中心)으로- (2012)

과정철학에서 신의 등장은 형이상학적 요구에 의해 신과 세계의 밀접하고 역동적인 관계성을 구성하게 만든다. 생성과 유기체적 세계관을 지탱하기 위해 불러들인 화이트헤드의 신 개념은 그의 과정 형이상학의 발전과 더불어 전개되었다. 그러한 신은 생성과 유기체적 세계관의 지배를 받아 신 또한 특정한 주체로 완벽한 것이 아니라 시간의 흐름 속에 세계와 영향력을 주고받는 실재라는 새로운 존재론적 해석이 요청되었다. 화이트헤드는 신과 세계의 관계를 전통적인 유신론의 이원론적 도식으로 이해하는 것을 피하고자 했다. 우주는 과정 중에 있는 세계이지만, 신은 전체 과정의 선행적 기반이 되는 실재이면서 그 과정에서 모든 존재자들의 개념적 형식들이 시간의 세계로 들어오도록 한다. 그리고 신의 개념적 실현 때문에 신은 모든 현실태의 경험을 내포한다. 이러한 형이상학적 신의 과정은 자연주의에 따라 일관되게 적용된다. 화이트헤드의 자연주의적 신론은 신과 모든 만물이 존재론적이고 인식론적으로 초월성과 내재성을 겸비한 채 서로 철저하게 의존하며 창조적인 완성을 위해 서로를 견인하고 있다고 보아야 할 것이다.
A multicarrier system based on the fractional Fourier transform for time-frequency-selective channels (2001)

Traditional multicarrier techniques perform a frequency-domain decomposition of a channel characterized by frequency-selective distortion in a plurality of subchannels that are affected by frequency flat distortion. The distortion in each independent subchannel can then be easily compensated by simple gain and phase adjustments. Typically, digital Fourier transform schemes make the implementation of the multicarrier system feasible and attractive with respect to single-carrier systems. However, when the channel is time-frequency-selective, as it usually happens in the rapidly fading wireless channel, this traditional methodology fails. Since the channel frequency response is rapidly time-varying, the optimal transmission/reception methodology should be able to process nonstationary signals. In other words, the subchannel carrier frequencies should be time-varying and ideally decompose the frequency distortion of the channel perfectly at any instant in time. However, this ideally optimal approach presents significant challenges both in terms of conceptual and computational complexity. The idea disclosed in this work is that a nonstationary approach can be approximated using signal bases that are especially suited for the analysis/synthesis of nonstationary signals. We propose in fact the use of a multicarrier system that employs orthogonal signal bases of the chirp type that in practice correspond to the fractional Fourier transform signal basis. The significance of the methodology relies on the important practical consideration that analysis/synthesis methods of the fractional Fourier type can be implemented with a complexity that is equivalent to the traditional fast Fourier transform.
Removal of pollutants contained in combustion flue gas by plasma injection. (1990)

The purpose of the present work is to study the possibility of removing the various pollutants contained in combustion flue gases by using energetic species produced by plasma injection. By feeding the gas mixture (N2 + O2 + CO2 + NO + SO2 + H2O) into argon arc plasma, the effects of O2, CO2 and H2O on the formations of nitrogen oxide NO and carbon monoxide CO were studied experimentally, and the possibility of removing NO and CO by injecting ammonia into the plasma, and the removal of SO2 were discussed. Furthermore, plasma temperature was measured by means of a thermocouple, and the residence time of flue gas in the high-temperature region was obtained.
Genistein and tyrphostin 47 stimulate CFTR-mediated Cl- secretion in T84 cell monolayers (1995)

The involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation in the regulation of epithelial cell Cl- secretion is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of these studies was to determine if tyrosine kinase activation was involved in the regulation of Cl- secretion, using the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and tyrphostin 47, and human intestinal epithelial cells (T84 cells) as an intestinal Cl- secretory model. Genistein rapidly but reversibly stimulated sustained apical Cl- secretion in monolayers of T84 cells without increasing intracellular cyclic nucleotides or Ca2+ levels. Tyrphostin 47 also stimulated Cl- secretion in T84 monolayers, although it was short-lived. Transfection experiments in 3T3 fibroblasts and IEC-6 intestinal cells utilizing wild-type cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) showed that genistein and tyrphostin 47 stimulated 125I efflux only in CFTR-transfected cells and not in CFTR-negative cells. Thus genistein- and tyrphostin 47-stimulated Cl- secretion involved CFTR. Genistein also acted synergistically with the Ca(2+)- and protein kinase C-dependent acetylcholine analogue, carbachol, to stimulate Cl- secretion in T84 monolayers. However, the Cl- secretory response to saturating concentrations of the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) agonist, forskolin, or the guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) agonist, Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin, was not further enhanced by genistein. Although the mechanism of activation of Cl- secretion is unclear, these data suggest that tyrosine kinase activity limits basal Cl- secretion in T84 cells and that inhibition of T84 cell tyrosine kinase(s) stimulates apical membrane Cl- secretion, most likely through activation of the CFTR-Cl- channel. Moreover, genistein does not itself act through cAMP or cGMP elevation but appears to share a common Cl- secretory pathway with cyclic nucleotide-dependent agonists, whereas it augments the secretory responses to a Ca(2+)- and protein kinase C-dependent agonist.
Fermentative production of L-proline by DL-3,4-dehydroproline resistant mutants of L-glutamate producing bacteria. (1982)

Mutants resistant to growth inhibition by DL-3, 4-dehydroproline, an analog of L-proline, were derived from the wild type L-glutamate producing bacteria, Brevibacterium flavum, Brevibacterium lactofermentum, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Microbacterium ammoniaphilum. Among these mutants, potent L-proline producers were obtained. The production of L-proline by Brevibacterium flavum No. 199, which was obtained as an isoleucine auxotrophic and sulfaguanidine resistant mutant from the wild strain, was improved by deriving DL-3, 4-dehydroproline resistant mutants under the condition, in which the overproduction of L-proline was reduced by adding excess L-isoleucine, i.e. more than necessary for growth. Among mutants thus obtained, strain P-390 produced 40 g of L-proline per liter, which was 30% more than that of parental strain No. 199, in medium containing 10% glucose, 6% ammonium sulfate, inorganic salts and other components. This yield was the highest among yields so far reported.
Selective Pore-Sealing of Highly Porous Ultralow-k dielectrics for ULSI Interconnects by Cyclic Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition Process (2018)

A selective pore-sealing of highly porous ultralow-k (pULK) dielectrics by a cyclic initiated CVD (iCVD) process has been successfully developed. A negligible increase of the pULK thickness and the k value was achieved even after the hermetic pore-sealing. The pore-sealed pULK films show low leakage current and excellent dielectric reliability, comparable to the commercialized low-k dielectric. The selective pore-sealing process does not deposit the pore-sealing layer on Cu surface. The porosity difference between pULK and Cu surfaces is attributed to the origin of the selectivity in the cyclic iCVD process.
Anti‐Stokes fluorescence from endogenously formed protoporphyrin IX – Implications for clinical multiphoton diagnostics (2012)

Multiphoton imaging based on two-photon excitation is making its way into the clinics, particularly for skin cancer diagnostics. It has been suggested that endogenously formed protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) induced by aminolevulinic acid or methylaminolevulinate can be applied to improve tumor contrast, in connection to imaging of tissue autofluorescence. However, previous reports are limited to cell studies and data from tissue are scarce. No report shows conclusive evidence that endogenously formed PpIX increases tumor contrast when performing multiphoton imaging in the clinical situation. We here demonstrate by spectral analysis that two-photon excitation of endogenously formed PpIX does not provide additional contrast in superficial basal cell carcinomas. In fact, the PpIX signal is overshadowed by the autofluorescent background. The results show that PpIX should be excited at a wavelength giving rise to one-photon anti-Stokes fluorescence, to overcome the autofluorescent background. Thus, this study reports on a plausible method, which can be implemented for clinical investigations on endogenously formed PpIX using multiphoton microscopy.
A Thumb Subdomain Mutant of the Large Fragment of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase I with Reduced DNA Binding Affinity, Processivity, and Frameshift Fidelity (1996)

In Klenow fragment DNA polymerase, a flexible 50-amino acid subdomain at the tip of the thumb which includes two alpha helices has been suggested to interact with the duplex template-primer (Beese, L.S., Derbyshire, V. and Steitz, T.A. (1993) Science 260, 352-355). The present study investigates the properties of Klenow polymerase containing a 24-amino acid deletion (residues 590-613) that removes a portion of the tip of the thumb. The mutant polymerase has relatively normal dNTP binding and catalytic rate. However, its DNA binding affinity is reduced by more than 100-fold relative to the intact polymerase and its ability to conduct processive synthesis is also reduced. Although the mutant polymerase has relatively normal base substitution fidelity, it has strongly reduced frameshift fidelity, being especially error-prone for single nucleotide addition errors in homopolymeric runs. The addition error rate increases as the length of the reiterated sequence increases, indicative of errors initiated by template-primer strand slippage. These observations suggest a role for the tip of the thumb of Klenow polymerase in determining DNA binding, processivity and frameshift fidelity, perhaps by tracking the minor groove of the duplex DNA. The results are discussed in light of remarkably similar observations with T7 DNA polymerase in the presence or absence of thioredoxin, an accessory subunit that affects these same properties.
Dense Nonsymmetrical DNA Methylation Resulting from Repeat-Induced Point Mutation in <i>Neurospora</i> (1993)

Cytosine methylation has been implicated in epigenetic control of gene expression in animals, plants, and fungi. It has been assumed that all methylation in eukaryotes is at symmetrical sequences such as CpG/GpC, because this can explain perpetuation of methylation states. Here the bisulfite genomic sequencing method was used to examine methylation in DNA from a Neurospora gene exposed to repeat-induced point mutation. 5-Methylcytosine was not limited to symmetrical sites and individual molecules showed different patterns and amounts of modification. The methylation extended beyond the mutated region and even beyond the edge of the duplicated segment.
Synthesis and Characterizations of New Lysine-Based Biodegradable Cationic Poly(urethane-co-ester) and Study on Self-Assembled Nanoparticles with DNA (2009)

To improve the self-assembly efficiency of nanoparticles with DNA, we synthesized lysine-based poly(urethane-co-ester) PMMD (6) and polyester PDMA (8) bearing ester linkages in the backbone and tertiary amines in the side chain. Both poly(urethane-co-ester) PMMD (6) and polyester PDMA (8), readily self-assembled with plasmid DNA (pCMV-beta-gal) in HEPES buffer, were characterized by dynamic light scattering and zeta-potential. The results reveal that PMMD (6) and PDMA (8) were able to self-assemble particles with DNA and yield complexes with positive charges of 80-115 nm and 170-180 nm in size at mass ratios (W/W) of 2/1 and 20/1, respectively. The degradation studies indicate that the half-life of PMMD (6) in the HEPES buffer was 20 h at pH 7.4. Titration studies were performed to determine the buffering capacities of the polymers. In addition, the COS-7 cell viabilities in the presence of PMMD/DNA, PDMA/DNA, and PEI/DNA were studied. The results indicate that PMMD (6) is an attractive cationic poly(urethane-co-ester) for gene delivery and an interesting candidate for further study.
Localization of group IIc low molecular weight phospholipase A2 mRNA to meiotic cells in the mouse (1997)

We use in situ hybridization to demonstrate that the testicular expression of a novel, mouse, low molecular weight phospholipase A2 (PLA2 Group IIc) mRNA is specific to cells undergoing meiosis. A complete cDNA (1421 bp) encoding the mouse Pla2g2c gene was generated with reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and 5' and 3' RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) RT-PCR, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Northern blots of RNA from different tissues revealed a single 1.6 kb transcript only in testis. In situ hybridization indicated that this mouse gene is transcribed mainly in pachytene spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, and round spermatids. Expression of the gene is seen in all stages of the seminiferous epithelium, especially in stages VI-VII.
Light-scattering Mueller matrix for a rough fiber (1992)

The light-scattering Mueller matrix for an r approximately 2.0 microm radius, rough quartz fiber contains phase information different from that of a perfectly cylindrical fiber of the same optical constants and radius. The rough surface creates higher-frequency, smaller-amplitude oscillations that mask the lowerfrequency oscillations indicative of a perfect cylinder. Roughness also causes scatter outside the plane of incidence.
Selecting a stable solid form of remdesivir using microcrystal electron diffraction and crystal structure prediction (2021)

Therapeutic options in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak are urgently needed. In this communication, we demonstrate how to support selection of a stable solid form of an antiviral drug remdesivir in quick time using the microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) technique and a cloud-based and artificial intelligence implemented crystal structure prediction platform. We present the MicroED structures of remdesivir forms II and IV and conclude that form II is more stable than form IV at ambient temperature in agreement with experimental observations. The combined experimental and theoretical study can serve as a template for formulation scientists in the pharmaceutical industry.
The Use of Radioiodinated Congo Red in the Study of Amyloidosis (1963)

Summary A study of the removal of I131-labeled Congo red from the blood of amyloid, non-amyloid, multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis and other patients is presented. The percentage removal of the labeled dye shows the same variation reported by many other workers using Bennhold’s test and its modifications. However, there seems to be a positive correlation between the percentage removal of the labeled dye and the presence of amyloid as revealed by biopsy and autopsy. The half-time of disappearance is also correlated with the amyloidosis. The availability of the I131-labeled dye permits the use of very small weights of the dye thereby drastically reducing the possibility of toxic and sometimes fatal reactions encountered with the unlabeled dye. The I131 present permits easy quantitation of the dye in the blood without separation of plasma and obviates the need of fasting. It also permits external counting and scanning of deposits in the organs containing the dye. The availability and use of the labeled dye may stimulate more comparative studies of the removal of the dye from the blood correlated with biopsy and autopsy findings.
Organic thin-film transistors (2010)

Over the past 20 years, organic transistors have developed from a laboratory curiosity to a commercially viable technology. This critical review provides a short summary of several important aspects of organic transistors, including materials, microstructure, carrier transport, manufacturing, electrical properties, and performance limitations (200 references).
Exosomes expand the sphere of influence of Eph receptors and ephrins (2016)

Membrane-anchored Eph receptors and ephrins represent a ubiquitous intercellular communication system that typically engages at sites of cell-cell contact to initiate bidirectional signaling. Gong et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201601085) show that cells can deploy the EphB2 receptor on exosomes to activate ephrinB signaling and collapse the growth cones of distant neurons.
Imaging VLSI cross sections by atomic force microscopy (1992)

An application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to the imaging of VLSI cross sections of metallographically polished samples is reported. AFM is a descendant of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Both STM and AFM are part of the rapidly growing field of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), which constructs three-dimensional contour maps of surfaces with up to atomic resolution by probing a variety of different material properties. The SPM technique has been extended in order to image VLSI cross sections as a possible alternative to conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The major advantage of AFM over conventional imaging techniques, such as scanning or transmission electron microscopy, is the higher resolution achievable in combination with higher throughput and the easy access to quantitative data, such as line widths or re-entrant angles. A very good correlation of AFM VLSI cross section images, acquired in air, was observed with those acquired by SEM and TEM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Itaconic Acid Fermentation by a Yeast Belonging to the Genus<i>Candida</i> (1981)

Many yeasts were isolated from natural sources in the tropics and subtropics by enrichment culture technique, using medium which contained a surfactant. The medium was acidified with citric acid. A strain S–10 belonging to the genus Candida was found to produce itaconic acid. Under suitable conditions in shake culture, a mutant derived from this strain produced the acid at about 35 % yield on the basis of glucose supplied.
Nitric oxide and lung disease. (1993)

diaphorase by the formation of blue for- N02 mazans from tetrazoliums can therefore be NO3 used to localise neuronal NOS.18 A form of ONOO0 cNOS distinct from the neuronal form is fL-arginine localised to vascular endothelial cells. 19 20 ivones cNOS from brain and endothelial cells have iettively by been cloned'922 and these are distinct ine methyl be oxidised enzymes with about 60% homology, which are also homologous to cytochrome P-450
Frequency and recovery effects in high-&#x03BA; BTI degradation (2009)

Net end-of-life aging prediction under realistic use conditions is the key objective for any product aging model. In this paper, a net degradation model is introduced and effects such as recovery, subsequent degradation, frequency, duty cycle, and recovery bias are evaluated. The high-kappa recovery behavior observed is consistent with SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gate stacks, which allows the use of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> models to predict recovery in both NMOS and PMOS high-kappa transistors.
Attenuation of endothelin effects by a chloride channel inhibitor, indanyloxyacetic acid (1992)

We have recently proposed that the actions of endothelin (ET) are in part mediated by opening of chloride channels (K. Iijima, L. Lin, A. Nasjletti, and M. S. Goligorsky. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (Cell Physiol. 29: C982-C992, 1991). In the present study the ability of a chloride channel inhibitor, an indanyloxyacetic acid (IAA-94), to block ET-induced effects was examined in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by spectrofluorometry and direct videomicroscopic visualization of the renal microcirculation in isolated perfused hydronephrotic kidneys (IPHK). A fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled IAA-94 analogue showed specific binding to VSMC. IAA-94 (30 microM) neither affected basal cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in VSMC nor peak response to ET, but it significantly curtailed sustained elevation of [Ca2+]i (half-time recovery was 147 +/- 23 vs. 248 +/- 33 s in control, P less than 0.05). IAA-94 blunted ET-induced membrane depolarization from 24.5 +/- 3.3 to 8.0 +/- 1.8 mV. In IPHK, ET constricted afferent arterioles (AA) by 29 +/- 2% (18.7 +/- 0.8 to 13.2 +/- 0.6 microns, P less than 0.001). Isradipine reversed this ET-induced vasoconstriction. Pretreatment with IAA-94 did not alter AA diameter, but markedly attenuated ET-induced AA constriction (reduction of AA diameters by only 9 +/- 2%, P less than 0.001). The subsequent addition of isradipine (0.1-1 microM) did not further dilate AA. Our data indicate that IAA-94 markedly attenuates AA vasoconstriction elicited by ET and suggest that ET-induced opening of chloride channels, membrane depolarization, and subsequent activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels contribute to the vasoconstrictor mechanisms of this peptide.