gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing superconducting toroidal field windings for a fusion-driven actinide burner (1977)

The fusion-driven actinide burner is a tokamak fusion reactor which is designed to dispose of actinide wastes from fission reactors. If a fusion reactor is to operate economically, then the major magnet systems must be designed to be superconducting. The toroidal field coils utilized in the magnetic confinement of the plasma are expected to generate peak fields of approximately 9.2 Tesla. This high peak field necessitates that Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn conductors be utilized. The toroidal field coil is designed to have minimal bending stresses. Although the toroidal field windings carry primarily dc currents, the plasma charging/discharging system imposes ac fields on the windings which vary in magnitude and direction. The superconductor configurations to be utilized have been optimized to achieve low ac losses for the anticipated environment.
Practical synthesis of carbohydrates based on aldolases and glycosyl transferases (1993)

Abstract
A Case for Automated Debugging Using Data Structure Repair (2009)

Automated debugging is becoming increasingly important as the size and complexity of software increases. This paper makes a case for using constraint-based data structure repair, a recently developed technique for fault recovery, as a basis for automated debugging. Data structure repair uses given structural integrity constraints for key data structures to monitor their correctness during the execution of a program. If a constraint violation is detected, repair performs mutations on the data structures, i.e., corrupt program state, and transforms it into another state, which satisfies the desired constraints. The primary goal of data structure repair is to transform an erroneous state into an acceptable state. Therefore, the mutations performed by repair actions provide a basis of debugging faults in code (assuming the errors are due to bugs). A key challenge to embodying this insight into a mechanical technique arises due to the difference in the concrete level of the program states and the abstract level of the program code: repair actions apply to concrete data structures that exist at runtime, whereas debugging applies to code. We observe that static structures (program variables) hold handles to dynamic structures (heap-allocated data), which allows bridging the gap between the abstract and concrete levels. We envision a tool-chain where a data structure repair tool generates repair logs that are used by a fault localization tool and a repair abstraction tool that apply in synergy to not only identify the location of fault(s) in code but also to synthesize debugging suggestions. An embodiment of our vision can significantly reduce the cost of developing reliable software.
<i>Vulcanodinium rugosum</i>gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), un Nouveau Dinoflagellé Marin de la Côte Méditerranéenne Française (2011)

Vulcanodinium rugosum gen. nov., sp. nov. (Dinophyceae): a new marine dinoflagellate from the French Mediterranean coast. A new armoured marine dinoflagellate, Vulcanodinium rugosum Nézan et Chomérat, gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from water samples of Mediterranean lagoons. The thecal plate formula is Po, X, 4′, 3a, 7″, 6c, 6s, 5′″, 2″″. The apical pore plate Po is very large and a mucous matrix is extruded from its centre. The plate X is rather long and just below is the narrow and short first apical plate 1′. The intercalary anterior plates are contiguous. The first cingular c1 plate is narrow. The number, the shape of plates and the presence of lists characterize the sulcus. The thecal surface is covered by longitudinal striae with often cross reticulations and is perfored by large pores. According to the studied feature, the morphology of Vulcanodinium rugosum looks like, either a peridinioid or a gonyaulacoid species. A phylogenetic study, based on LSU rDNA sequence data, confirms that this taxon is new and that it belongs to the order Peridiniales. However, it is not possible to affiliate it neither to a particular family nor to a known genus. As a consequence, a new generic name, Vulcanodinium is proposed with V. rugosum as type species, assigned in the order Peridiniales, incertae sedis for the time being.
Widely tunable ultraviolet-visible liquid crystal laser (2005)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Andro Chanishvili, Guram Chilaya, Gia Petriashvili, Riccardo Barberi, Roberto Bartolino, Gabriella Cipparrone, Alfredo Mazzulla, Raquel Gimenez, Luis Oriol, Milagros Pinol; Widely tunable ultraviolet-visible liquid crystal laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 31 January 2005; 86 (5): 051107. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1855405 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
High-power quasi-cw monolithic laser diode linear arrays (1986)

Optical power in excess of 25 W from one facet has been obtained from a 1-cm monolithic AlGaAs laser array for a pulse width of 150 μs (quasi-cw operation). The array consists of twenty 40-stripe lasers spaced along the bar, with etched grooves between each region to prevent transverse lasing and amplified spontaneous emission. About 80% of the facet width is utilized for active laser emission.
Titanium silicate molecular sieve (TS-1)/H2O2 induced triphase catalysis in the oxidation of hydrophobic organic compounds with significant enhancement of activity and Para-selectivity (1995)

Triphasic conditions (solid and two immiscible liquid reactants) when compared with more commonly employed biphasic ones (solid and immiscible liquids along with a cosolvent), significantly enhance the catalytic activity and para selectivity in the hydroxylation/oxidation of various hydrophobic organic compounds (viz. toluene, anisole, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol etc.)over crystalline, microporous, titanium silicate, TS-1, using dilute H2O2(30 mass%, aq.).
DiRE: identifying distant regulatory elements of co-expressed genes (2008)

Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic genomes is established through a complex cooperative activity of proximal promoters and distant regulatory elements (REs) such as enhancers, repressors and silencers. We have developed a web server named DiRE, based on the Enhancer Identification (EI) method, for predicting distant regulatory elements in higher eukaryotic genomes, namely for determining their chromosomal location and functional characteristics. The server uses gene co-expression data, comparative genomics and profiles of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) to determine TFBS-association signatures that can be used for discriminating specific regulatory functions. DiRE's unique feature is its ability to detect REs outside of proximal promoter regions, as it takes advantage of the full gene locus to conduct the search. DiRE can predict common REs for any set of input genes for which the user has prior knowledge of co-expression, co-function or other biologically meaningful grouping. The server predicts function-specific REs consisting of clusters of specifically-associated TFBSs and it also scores the association of individual transcription factors (TFs) with the biological function shared by the group of input genes. Its integration with the Array2BIO server allows users to start their analysis with raw microarray expression data. The DiRE web server is freely available at http://dire.dcode.org.
Design guidelines for laser additive manufacturing of lightweight structures in TiAl6V4 (2014)

Today, laser additive manufacturing (LAM) is used in more and more industrial applications. Due to a new freedom in design it offers a high potential for weight saving in lightweight applications, e.g., in the aerospace industry. However, most design engineers are used to design parts for conventional manufacturing methods, such as milling and casting, and often only have limited experience in designing products for additive manufacturing. The absence of comprehensive design guidelines is therefore limiting the further usage and distribution of LAM. In this paper, experimental investigations on the influence of part position and orientation on the dimension accuracy and surface quality are presented. Typical basic shapes used in lightweight design have been identified and built in LAM. Thin walls, bars, and bore holes with varying diameters were built in different orientations to determine the process limits. From the results of the experiments, comprehensive design guidelines for lightweight structures were derived in a catalog according to DIN 2222 and are presented in detail. For each structure a favorable and an unfavorable example is shown, the underlying process restrictions are mentioned and further recommendations are given.
Recovery of in vitro functional activity of platelet concentrates stored at 4 ° C and treated with second‐messenger effectors (1996)

Second-messenger effectors added to platelets significantly maintained in vitro functional activity with storage at 4 degrees C. In vitro analysis demonstrates the potential for extended 4 degrees C storage of platelets with numerical and functional recovery comparable to that achieved with current methods. Refrigerated storage of platelet concentrates has the potential to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination.
Diode pumping of a continuous-wave Pr^3+-doped LiYF_4 laser (2004)

We report, for the first time to our knowledge, diode-pumped cw laser oscillation of Pr3+:LiYF4 in the red spectral range. The pump power is provided by a GaN laser diode emitting a maximum output power of 25 mW at a wavelength of approximately 442 nm. The Pr3+ laser emits 1.8 mW of output power at a 639.7-nm wavelength. Threshold pump power and slope efficiency in a nonoptimized setup are determined to be 5.5 mW and 24%, respectively.
Clinton, Peck and Frost -- The dawn of North American boletology (2010)

George W. Clinton (a founder and first president of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences) launched the mycological career of Peck by obtaining for him the position of botanist of the New York State Cabinet of Natural History and he was responsible for the publication of Frost's Boleti of New England. This paper discusses the interaction between Peck and Frost and presents the history of some of their taxa. A study of the type of Boletus glutinosipes Snell & Hesler (a taxon that has remained unknown since 1940) indicates that it is a synonym of B. auriporus Peck, while an examination of authentic material of B. innixus Frost demonstrates that B. caespitosus Peck is a synonym of it.
The Preparation and Research of Microcapsules in Self-Healing Coatings (2013)

The self-healing polymer material which was embedded microcapsules possesses the ability to heal cracks automatically. The microcapsules were synthesized by in-situ polymerization in an oil-in-water emulsion with urea and formaldehyde as the raw shell material,and epoxy resin (E-51)/ xylene as the core material. The impact of stirring speed on the morphology and particle size of synthetic microcapsules were discussed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR).Microcapsules of 400~1500 um in diameter were produced by appropriate selection of agitation rate in the range of 300~600 r/min.
Efficacy and tolerability of borage oil in adults and children with atopic eczema: randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group trial (2003)

Gamma linolenic acid is not beneficial in atopic dermatitis.
Relaxin alters the plasma osmolality-arginine vasopressin relationship in the rat (1993)

During pregnancy, in women and the rat, there is a resetting of the plasma osmolality-arginine vasopressin relationship (P(osmol)/PAVP) such that a decrease in P(osmol) is maintained without suppression of PAVP. This occurs at a time when relaxin is detectable in plasma. The hypothesis tested here was that relaxin could alter the P(osmol)/PAVP in the non-pregnant rat. One group of ovariectomized rats (n = 15) was treated for 7 days with intravenous synthetic human relaxin (10 micrograms/h) in 10 microliters 0.9% (w/v) NaCl. Controls were two groups of rats either with no treatment (n = 15) or treated with vehicle alone (n = 15). One-third of each group received hypertonic saline (0.4 mol NaCl/l, 2 ml/100 g body weight i.p.) on day 7, and one-third were deprived of water for the final 24 h. All rats were killed by decapitation and blood was collected rapidly (< 40 s) for hormone and osmolality assays. The P(osmol) in all relaxin-treated rats was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than that in both control groups, but the PAVP was unchanged. The log PAVP/P(osmol) regression line was significantly shifted in elevation (P < 0.001) but not in slope. Thus treatment of ovariectomized rats with relaxin caused changes in fluid balance which mimic those occurring in normal pregnancy.
Effective use of deterrence approaches to reduce alcohol-impaired driving (1999)

In combating impaired driving through deterrence approaches in an era of diminished resources and shifting priorities, it is important to use available resources wisely and to take advantage of emerging priorities in other highway safety areas. Three examples of emerging priorities that can impact alcohol-impaired driving are discussed: the trend to graduated licensing systems; the new emphasis on seat belt use; and the recent emphasis on fatigued drivers. In terms of using resources wisely, major resources should be devoted to alcohol as the drug of primary interest and there should be emphasis on approaches known to be effective. License suspension stands out as an effective penalty, with suspension through administrative procedures representing the most efficient way to apply this penalty. Sobriety checkpoints stand out as a primary enforcement technique. Finally, better understanding of police attitudes and motivations should inform the effort to achieve greater deterrence through alcohol laws and penalties. There is much we could learn and benefit from in regard to the factors influencing police enforcement practices.
Detection and Sizing of Telomeric and Other Simple Repeats by Dideoxy-PRINS (2006)

The protocol is suited for the quantitative and qualitative detection of simple repeat target DNA composed of three or fewer of the four bases A, C, G, and T. A consequence of the lacking base(s) is that such DNA can be synthesized from nucleotide mixtures containing the particular bases as dideoxynucleotides. Most genomic DNA contains all four bases and can therefore not be synthesized from such a nucleotide mixture. The combined effects of probe specificity and selective DNA synthesis from the nucleotide mixture improves the signal-to-noise ratio for such targets approximately an order of magnitude, enabling the detection of exceedingly small hybridization targets (e.g., variant telomeric repeat variants embedded in, or situated next to, the main repeat), provided that they present enough template for the DNA synthesis.
MINIREVIEW Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interactions in the Inflammatory Response (2014)

I nflammation is the response of vascularized tissueto damage. It is a complex response set in motion in any tissue by virtually any injury due to any cause. It is an attempt to restore homeostasis. In the early history of Homo sapiens, when lifespans were rela-tively short and our ancestors were likely to die from infectious diseases and trauma, the ability to fight off pathogens and heal wounds was even more critical for the survival of the species than it is today. The inflammatory response is still critical for these pur-poses. However, now that we are living longer, we have come to realize that inflammation is a double-edged sword. The same inflammatory processes that are so effective at clearing pathogens and repairing damaged skin are the cause of most human pathology today. Atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, pulmo-
Balance function test correlates of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory. (1991)

Balance Function test data alone cannot capture the reaction that a patient has to balance system disease. The present investigation examined the relations among components of the balance function examination (electronystagmography, rotational testing, and platform posturography) and self-perceived dizziness handicap, as quantified by the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). The DHI is a 25-item self-assessment scale designed to quantify the functional, emotional, and physical effects of dizziness and unsteadiness. The DHI was administered to 367 patients seen consecutively for balance function evaluations. The results indicated that the largest proportion of significant correlations existed between DHI and the sensory organization subtests of platform posturography. Further, greater perceived handicap was documented for patients with (1) spontaneous nystagmus and (2) decreased postural stability quantified by evaluating the inter-relations among vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems (posturography).
A Chambered Porous Damper for Rotor Vibration Control: Part II — Imbalance Response and Bladeloss Simulation (1991)

In this paper, results of experimental rotordynamic evaluations of a novel, high load chambered porous damper design, are presented. The chambered porous damper concept was evaluated for gas turbine engine application since this concept avoids the non-linearities associated with high eccentricity operation of conventional squeeze film dampers. The rotordynamic testing was conducted under large steady state imbalance and simulated transient bladeloss conditions for up to 0.254 mm (0.01 in) mass c.g offset or 180 gm-cm (2.5 oz-in) imbalance. The chambered porous damper demonstrated that the steady state imbalance and simulated bladeloss transient response of a flexible rotor operating above its first bending critical speed could be readily controlled. Rotor system imbalance sensitivity and logarithmic decrement are presented showing the characteristics of the system with the damper installed. The ability to accommodate high steady state and transient imbalance conditions make this damper well suited to a wide range of rotating machinery, including aircraft gas turbine engines.
Surfactant-enhanced solubilization of residual dodecane in soil columns. 1. Experimental investigation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurfactant-enhanced solubilization of residual dodecane in soil columns. 1. Experimental investigationKurt D. Pennell, Linda M. Abriola, and Walter J. Weber, Jr.Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, 12, 2332–2340Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00048a005https://doi.org/10.1021/es00048a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1187Altmetric-Citations293LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Widely tunable rapid-scanning mid-infrared laser spectrometer for industrial gas process stream analysis (2007)

A mid-infrared spectrometer with a tuning range of >400 cm(-1) in the C-H stretching region of the spectrum has been designed and constructed. The spectrometer is based on the difference-frequency generation of two tunable diode lasers in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides. Tuning is achieved by varying a single parameter, the wavelength of one of the near-infrared input lasers. The instrument can be tuned over the entire tuning range in less than 1 s. By taking advantage of the wide tuning range, the instrument has been used to analyze a mixture of methane, ethylene, and propylene. Each of these major components was measured with an accuracy of better than 2% (where the error is defined as a percentage of the measured value) in a single 30 s long scan. When optimized, the spectrometer has the potential to meet both the performance requirements and the practical requirements for real-time process control in petrochemical manufacturing. The general principles for the design of mid-infrared spectrometers with wide tuning ranges are explained, including the use of variable waveguide fabrication recipes to create broad phase-matching resonances (which lead to broad tuning) in the desired location.
A negative feedback loop involving small RNAs accelerates <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>’s transition out of quorum-sensing mode (2008)

Quorum sensing is a cell-to-cell communication process that allows bacteria to measure their population numbers and to synchronously alter gene expression in response to changes in cell population density. At the core of the Vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing signal transduction pathway lie four redundant small RNAs (sRNAs), named the Quorum Regulatory RNAs (Qrr1-4). Expression of qrr1-4 is cell population density-dependent due to a requirement for the quorum-sensing controlled phosphorylated response regulator LuxO-P, which is abundant only at low cell population density. When expressed, Qrr1-4 repress translation of HapR, the "master" quorum-sensing transcription factor. Here we show a negative feedback loop in which HapR activates transcription of the qrr genes, which indirectly leads to hapR repression. Efficient feedback activation of the qrr genes requires the simultaneous presence of LuxO-P (present only at low cell population density) and HapR (present only at high cell population density). For this reason, the feedback loop does not influence quorum sensing at steady-state low or high cell population density. However, LuxO-P and HapR are simultaneously present immediately following the switch from high to low cell density conditions. In this state, the HapR feedback loop dramatically accelerates V. cholerae's transition from the high to the low cell density mode.