gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE SYNTHESIS OF THIAZOLE AMINES POSSESSING PHARMACOLOGICAL INTEREST. VI (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SYNTHESIS OF THIAZOLE AMINES POSSESSING PHARMACOLOGICAL INTEREST. VIW. S. Hinegardner and T. B. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 10, 4141–4144Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01373a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01373a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autonomous person following with 3D LIDAR in outdoor environment (2013)

The capability of a robot to follow autonomously a person highly enhances its usability when humans and robots collaborate. In this paper we present a system for autonomous following of a walking person in outdoor environments while avoiding static and dynamic obstacles. The principal sensor is a 3D LIDAR with a resolution of 59x29 points. We present a combination of 3D features, motion detection and tracking with a sampling Bayesian filter which results in reliable person detection for a lowresolution 3D-LIDAR. The method is implemented on an outdoor robot with car-like steering, which incorporates the target’s path into its own path planning around local obstacles. Experiments in outdoor areas validate the approach.
<b>Thyroid autoimmune disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C before and during interferon‐α therapy</b> (1996)

No significant association was found between chronic hepatitis C and the presence of thyroid autoimmunity in female patients. On the contrary, interferon therapy induced antithyroid autoantibodies and thyroid dysfunction de novo in patients with chronic hepatitis C without pre-existing thyroid abnormalities. Thyroid dysfunction secondary to interferon was reversible after discontinuation of therapy.
An instrument for aligning patient‐positioning lasers (1978)

The accurate adjustment of patient-positioning lasers is difficult and tedious. An optical instrument has been developed which enables rapid and extremely accurate adjustment of these. The instrument may be applied to several other tests of the alignment and adjustment of teletherapy and simulator machines.
Cardiovascular Malformations and Functional Changes Induced by Trichloroethylene in Developing Chick Embryos (1993)

Drinking contaminated water remains a major concern for people involved in limiting health risks from environmental toxins. Among those toxins, the chlorinated solvent, trichloroethylene (TCE), is recognized as a remarkably potent teratogen for developing embryos. The purpose of the present investigation was to demonstrate teratogenic effects of TCE on the developing cardiovascular system of the avian embryo. In addition, physiological impairment was studied to obtain evidence of the possible mechanism. In the early stage, on day 4 of incubation, TCE (30 μM or 40 μM/0.05 ml of solution) was administered on the chorioallantoic membranes of developing chick embryos. Various types of cardiac malformation were noted in the experimental group. Abnormal electrocardiographic changes were detected 6 to 30 minutes after TCE application. The dorsal aortic flow was remarkably decreased in the same time phases. Ultrastructually, the cell degeneration of the embryonic myocardium was significant. The most characteristic cardiac anomalies, for example the developmental arrest types, are related to the interference of normal physiological and structural patterns in early stages of the embryonic cardiovascular system.
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of the Non-ribosomally Synthesized Cyclodepsipeptide Skyllamycin: Deciphering Unprecedented Ways of Unusual Hydroxylation Reactions (2011)

The cyclic depsipeptide skyllamycin A is a potent inhibitor of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway by inhibiting binding of homodimeric PDGF BB to the PDGF β-receptor. Its structure contains a cinnamoyl side chain and shows a high amount of β-hydroxylated amino acids as well as an unusual α-hydroxyglycine moiety as a rare structural modification. The skyllamycin biosynthetic gene cluster was cloned and sequenced from Streptomyces sp. Acta 2897. Its analysis revealed the presence of open reading frames encoding proteins for fatty acid precursor biosynthesis, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, regulators, and transporters along with other modifying enzymes. Specific in-frame mutagenesis of these tailoring enzymes resulted in the production of novel skyllamycin derivatives revealing that β-hydroxy groups in skyllamycin A are introduced by a promiscuous cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, whereas a two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase is involved in α-hydroxylation.
The Chemistry of Hair‐care Products (1976)

The chemical composition and mode of action of products designed for use on human hair are reviewed and contrasted with processes for the dyeing and finishing of wool. The morphological structure of human hair and wool are compared and the restrictions required of hair‐care processes are discussed. The product classes considered include bleaches, hair colorants, permanent waving and straightening, setting and styling aids, shampoos, conditioners, and cream rinses.
Image searching in a shipping product (1995)

Searching in image databases using image content has made the transition from the laboratory to consumer software. Storm Software is a pioneer in bringing these techniques to shrink- wrapped software applications, and this presentation describes some of the methods we use in our products and some of the experiences we have had in bringing this new technology to consumers. We describe the scope of the problem we are trying to solve as well as some of the algorithms and interfaces we used. We also describe some of the rationales (based on theory as well as on user testing) we had for the various design decisions we made. Finally, we describe some of the challenges and opportunities we see ahead. Descriptions and screen shots of two software products implementing image searching (EasyPhoto and Apple PhotoFlash) are provided. Both products were developed by Storm Software.
Optimization of Nickel Hydroxycarbonate Precipitation Using a Laboratory Pellet Reactor (2002)

Hydroxycarbonate precipitation of nickel in a pellet reactor was investigated in a previous study (Guillard, D.; Lewis, A. E. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2001, 40 (23), 5564−5569)1 in order to gain an understanding of the precipitation processes occurring inside the reactor. This paper presents the results of an attempt to establish conditions for optimum nickel removal and to map the response surface representing the response of the total nickel concentration to changes in a number of operating parameters. It was established that, of the five parameters investigated (carbonate/nickel ratio, pH, nickel feed concentration, number of feed points, and recirculation ratio), the first three had the most significant influence on the efficiency of nickel removal in the reactor for the range of conditions investigated. At optimum conditions, 98% removal of nickel was achieved, with the concentration of total nickel in the effluent being reduced from 69.5 to 1.38 ppm. Significant variability in the results prevented a global optimum from being found, and only a stationary point could be established.
PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterases: modular enzymes that orchestrate signalling cross-talk, desensitization and compartmentalization (2003)

cAMP is a second messenger that controls many key cellular functions. The only way to inactivate cAMP is to degrade it through the action of cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs). PDEs are thus poised to play a key regulatory role. PDE4 cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases appear to have specific functions with selective inhibitors serving as potent anti-inflammatory agents. The recent elucidation of the structure of the PDE4 catalytic unit allows for molecular insight into the mode of catalysis as well as substrate and inhibitor selectivity. The four PDE4 genes encode over 16 isoforms, each of which is characterized by a unique N-terminal region. PDE4 isoforms play a pivotal role in controlling functionally and spatially distinct pools of cAMP by virtue of their unique intracellular targeting. Targeting occurs by association with proteins, such as arrestins, SRC family tyrosyl kinases, A-kinase anchoring proteins ('AKAPs') and receptor for activated C kinase 1 ('RACK1'), and, in the case of isoform PDE4A1, by a specific interaction (TAPAS-1) with phosphatidic acid. PDE4 isoforms are 'designed' to be regulated by extracellular-signal-related protein kinase (ERK), which binds to anchor sites on the PDE4 catalytic domain that it phosphorylates. The upstream conserved region 1 (UCR1) and 2 (UCR2) modules that abut the PDE4 catalytic unit confer regulatory functions by orchestrating the functional outcome of phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase ('PKA') and ERK. PDE4 enzymes stand at a crossroads that allows them to integrate various signalling pathways with that of cAMP in spatially distinct compartments.
A natural basis for efficient brain-actuated control (2000)

The prospect of noninvasive brain-actuated control of computerized screen displays or locomotive devices is of interest to many and of crucial importance to a few 'locked-in' subjects who experience near total motor paralysis while retaining sensory and mental faculties. Currently several groups are attempting to achieve brain-actuated control of screen displays using operant conditioning of particular features of the spontaneous scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) including central mu-rhythms (9-12 Hz). A new EEG decomposition technique, independent component analysis (ICA), appears to be a foundation for new research in the design of systems for detection and operant control of endogenous EEG rhythms to achieve flexible EEG-based communication. ICA separates multichannel EEG data into spatially static and temporally independent components including separate components accounting for posterior alpha rhythms and central mu activities. We demonstrate using data from a visual selective attention task that ICA-derived mu-components can show much stronger spectral reactivity to motor events than activity measures for single scalp channels. ICA decompositions of spontaneous EEG would thus appear to form a natural basis for operant conditioning to achieve efficient and multidimensional brain-actuated control in motor-limited and locked-in subjects.
RESPONSES OF JUVENILE CHUM, PINK, AND COHO SALMON TO SHARP SEA-WATER GRADIENTS (1957)

The responses of chum, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum), and pink, O. gorbuscha (Walbaum), salmon fry, and coho, O. kisutch (Walbaum), salmon fry and smolts to sea water were studied in sharp-gradient tanks. Chum and pink fry responded positively to isotonic and hypertonic solutions of sea water, but coho fry only to the former. During parr–smolt transformation, coho responded positively to hypertonic sea water. Responses of chum fry acclimated to sea water for 24 hours prior to observation were comparable in intensity to those of unacclimated fry, but less rapid. Activity of acclimated fry decreased less rapidly than did that of unacclimated fry. Fresh water control experiments indicated the presence of some factor or factors which resulted in preferences for "recognized" areas. The effects of positive responses to increased salinity are discussed in relation to the migratory movement of these species from fresh water into the sea.
Paths to light trapping in thin film GaAs solar cells (2018)

It is now well established that light trapping is an essential element of thin film solar cell design. Numerous light trapping geometries have already been applied to thin film cells, especially to silicon-based devices. Less attention has been paid to light trapping in GaAs thin film cells, mainly because light trapping is considered less attractive due to the material's direct bandgap and the fact that GaAs suffers from strong surface recombination, which particularly affects etched nanostructures. Here, we study light trapping structures that are implemented in a high-bandgap material on the back of the GaAs active layer, thereby not perturbing the integrity of the GaAs active layer. We study photonic crystal and quasi-random nanostructures both by simulation and by experiment and find that the photonic crystal structures are superior because they exhibit fewer but stronger resonances that are better matched to the narrow wavelength range where GaAs benefits from light trapping. In fact, we show that a 1500 nm thick cell with photonic crystals achieves the same short circuit current as an unpatterned 4000 nm thick cell. These findings are significant because they afford a sizeable reduction in active layer thickness, and therefore a reduction in expensive epitaxial growth time and cost, yet without compromising performance.
Anzac Day: More than civil religion (2015)

The marching music blared out over the battery-operated PA system in the direction of the ex-servicemen, descendants and school children. The music was drawing them up the hill toward the remainder of the townsfolk who were gathered respectfully around the refurbished Memorial to the Fallen. The population of the town was a little over 200 - nearly all were present. The marchers ascended slowly, through a diesel cloud, behind the local Rural Fire Service truck, providing the Anzac Day march escort. They wheeled onto the grass and formed up around the white cairn while the young ones broke away to sit with grandma. The music was stopped abruptly, and the annual Anzac Service for the little Australian town had begun.
CWDM transceiver for mid-board optics (2017)

The need for additional IO bandwidth for data center device interconnection is well established. Optical interconnects can deliver required bandwidth along with energy and space efficiency at a cost that encourages adoption. To this end, we are developing an optical transceiver incorporating multimode VCSEL emitters in a coarse wavelength division multiplex (CWDM) system capable of transmission at 25Gbps per channel, 100Gbps/fiber, and a maximum aggregate bidirectional data rate of 1.2Tbps. Electrical connection to the transceiver can be made by solder reflow or LGA connector, and optical connection is made by means of a custom optical connector supporting CWDM transmission.
Preparation of D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine: Optical resolution of DL-p-hydroxyphenylglycine by preferential crystallization procedure. (1978)

Optical resolution of DL p-hydroxyphenylglycine was studied in order to develop a practi-cal method for the production of D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine useful as a starting material for preparing semisynthetic penicillin and cephalosporins. Among the various aromatic sul-fonates of DL p-hydroxyphenylglycine, the benzenesulfonate, the o-toluenesulfonate, the p-toluenesulfonate, the p-ethylbenzenesulfonate, the sulfosalicylate, and the 2-naphthol-6-sulfonate were easily resolved by a preferential crystallization procedure. The optically pure sulfonates of D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine were obtained in good yield and were easily con-verted to optically pure D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine without racemization. The undesired sulfonates of the L-isomer were readily racemized and could be reused for the resolution step. Industrial production of D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine by the present simple resolution method is considered to be very promising.
High‐Temperature Circuit Boards for Use in Geothermal Well Monitoring Applications (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Approach Theoretical Approach Results and Discussion Future Work Conclusions Acknowledgements
A role for IL-25 and IL-33–driven type-2 innate lymphoid cells in atopic dermatitis (2013)

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s, nuocytes, NHC) require RORA and GATA3 for their development. We show that human ILC2s express skin homing receptors and infiltrate the skin after allergen challenge, where they produce the type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. Skin-derived ILC2s express the IL-33 receptor ST2, which is up-regulated during activation, and are enriched in lesional skin biopsies from atopic patients. Signaling via IL-33 induces type 2 cytokine and amphiregulin expression, and increases ILC2 migration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that E-cadherin ligation on human ILC2 dramatically inhibits IL-5 and IL-13 production. Interestingly, down-regulation of E-cadherin is characteristic of filaggrin insufficiency, a cardinal feature of atopic dermatitis (AD). ILC2 may contribute to increases in type 2 cytokine production in the absence of the suppressive E-cadherin ligation through this novel mechanism of barrier sensing. Using Rag1(-/-) and RORα-deficient mice, we confirm that ILC2s are present in mouse skin and promote AD-like inflammation. IL-25 and IL-33 are the predominant ILC2-inducing cytokines in this model. The presence of ILC2s in skin, and their production of type 2 cytokines in response to IL-33, identifies a role for ILC2s in the pathogenesis of cutaneous atopic disease.
Audio Watermarking over the Air With Modulated Self-Correlation (2019)

We propose a novel audio watermarking system that is robust to the distortion due to the indoor acoustic propagation channel between the loudspeaker and the receiving microphone. The system utilizes a set of new algorithms that effectively mitigate the impact of room reverberation and interfering sound sources without using dereverberation procedures. The decoder has low-latency and it operates asynchronously, which alleviates the need for explicit synchronization with the encoder. It is also robust to standard audio processing operations in legacy watermarking systems, e.g., compression and volume change. The effectiveness of the system is established with a real-time system under general room conditions.
Polyelectrolyte complexes of glycol chitosan with some polysaccharides. I. Mixing ratio and dielectric properties (1982)

Abstract The formation of polyelectrolyte complexes of glycol chitosan (GlChi) with sodium salts of dextran sulfate (DS), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polygalacturonic acid (GalUA) n , and alginic acid (AlgA) has been studied. The number of ionizable groups per pyranose ring and the degree of dissociation as a function of pH in the polycation and polyanions have been determined using conductometric and potentiometric titrations. The formation of the complexes at different pH values has been followed by turbidity measurements. It is found that stoichiometric complexes of the polycation with CMC, (GalUA) n , and AlgA are formed at a mixing ratio of 0.5, indicating that the conformation may correspond to chains of equal lengths. In the case of the complex of GlChi with DS, the stoichiometric composition corresponds to a mixing ratio of 0.62. Thin transparent films of the complexes have been obtained by dehydration under reduced pressure on a layer of mercury. The dielectric constant ε′ and loss ε″ of thin films of these complexes have been measured in the range of frequencies of 1–100 kHz at different temperatures above and below room temperature. The GlChi–DS complex shows very little change in the values of ε′ and ε″ with frequency or temperature. On the other hand, films of GlChi–CMC and GlChi–(GalUA) n complexes show a significant increase in ε′ and ε″ as the temperature is increased above room temperature. The increase is more prominent at low frequencies. This behavior is attributed to the Maxwell‐Wagner interfacial polarization. In the case of GlChi–AlgA film, the values of ε′ and ε″ increase enormously as the temperature increases. This behavior is similar to the increase in ε′ and ε″ observed by Michels et al. [(1965) J. Phys. Chem. 69 , 1456–1465] as the salt concentration increases in another polyelectrolyte complex studied by them. The electric double‐layer mechanism proposed by Schwarz [(1962) J. Phys. Chem. 66 , 2636–2642] to account for the dielectric properties of biocolloids is shown to account quantitatively for the observations on the GlChi–AlgA film.
The Knowledge Engineering Review (1984)

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Effect of inhibitors of plant cell division on mammalian tumor cells in vitro. (1981)

We studied the activity of 14 compounds, all of which have been shown to interfere in plant cell division, in two animal tumor cell cultures, EL-4 and L1210. Four compounds [propham, chlorpropham, bensulide S-(O,O-diisopropylphosphorodithioate) ester of N-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide), and siduron] had a 50% inhibitory dose less than 10(-4) M; six [2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid, bromacil, (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid, naptalam, and (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid] had a 50% inhibitory dose between 10(-4) and 10(-3) M, and the remaining four 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonate, eptam, maleic hydrazide, and 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N,-dipropylaniline] had a 50% inhibitory dose at higher than 10(-3) M. There was a significant correlation between the effect on the two cell lines as well as between the inhibition of cell proliferation and that of thymidine and leucine uptake. More detailed study of cell proliferation and leucine and thymidine uptake for bensulide and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid revealed a dose-response pattern of inhibition starting shortly after exposure of the cells to the compounds. These results indicate that some inhibitors of plant cell division are capable of inhibiting the proliferation of animal tumor cells.