gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CLOSED TREATMENT OF DISPLACED MIDDLE-THIRD FRACTURES OF THE CLAVICLE GIVES POOR RESULTS (1997)

We evaluated 242 consecutive fractures of the clavicle in adults which had been treated conservatively. Of these, 66 (27%) were originally in the middle third of the clavicle and had been completely displaced. We reviewed 52 of these patients at a mean of 38 months after injury. Eight of the 52 fractures (15%) had developed nonunion, and 16 patients (31%) reported unsatisfactory results. Thirteen patients had mild to moderate residual pain and 15 had some evidence of brachial plexus irritation. Of the 28 who had cosmetic complaints, only 11 considered accepting corrective surgery. No patient had significant impairment of range of movement or shoulder strength as a result of the injury. We found that initial shortening at the fracture of ≥20 mm had a highly significant association with nonunion (p < 0.0001) and the chance of an unsatisfactory result. Final shortening of 20 mm or more was associated with an unsatisfactory result, but not with nonunion. No other patient variable, treatment factor, or fracture characteristic had a significant effect on outcome. We now recommend open reduction and internal fixation of severely displaced fractures of the middle third of the clavicle in adult patients.
Dynamics of Elective Case Cancellation for Inpatient and Outpatient in an Academic Center (2013)

Case cancellation is not un-common in a large academic center without a preoperative evaluation clinic. The dynamics of case cancellation are different in an ambulatory surgical center as compared to the general OR. Inpatients have the highest cancellation rate associated with inadequate preoperative preparation and scheduling, this should be preventable via adopting proper systems of evaluation and preparation. Most of the case cancellations in the ambulatory surgical center are from patient no show, suggesting that administrative strategies to reduce this issue should be implemented. The patients admitted on the same day of surgery had the lowest cancellation rate requiring minimal intervention.
Arrow of Time for Continuous Quantum Measurement (2017)

We investigate the statistical arrow of time for a quantum system being monitored by a sequence of measurements. For a continuous qubit measurement example, we demonstrate that time-reversed evolution is always physically possible, provided that the measurement record is also negated. Despite this restoration of dynamical reversibility, a statistical arrow of time emerges, and may be quantified by the log-likelihood difference between forward and backward propagation hypotheses. We then show that such reversibility is a universal feature of nonprojective measurements, with forward or backward Janus measurement sequences that are time-reversed inverses of each other.
Search for New Plant Constituents with Potential Antiphlogistic and Antiallergic Activity (1989)

Structure-activity relationships obtained from in vitro screening results obviously indicate that the highest inhibition effects on cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase are found amongst the class of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, polyphenols, coumestans, phenol carboxylic acids) and arachidonic acid analogous (alkylamides, retinoids, arylheptanoids, thiosulfinates, sulfinyl disulfides). The antiinflammatory activities of some triterpenenic acids, sesquiterpene lactones, and polysaccharides may be due to their immunomodulating activities on the complement and/or T-lymphocyte populations, respectively. In the search for potential antiallergic and antiasthmatic compounds, the thiosulfinates of onion were found to be active principles of the drug. The mechanism of action of some other antiallergic plant drugs (i.e. Tylophora asthmatica, Adhatoda vasica, etc.) has not yet been clarified.
Parameterized generation of labeled datasets for text categorization based on a hierarchical directory (2004)

Although text categorization is a burgeoning area of IR research, readily available test collections in this field are surprisingly scarce. We describe a methodology and system (named ACCIO) for automatically acquiring labeled datasets for text categorization from the World Wide Web, by capitalizing on the body of knowledge encoded in the structure of existing hierarchical directories such as the Open Directory. We define parameters of categories that make it possible to acquire numerous datasets with desired properties, which in turn allow better control over categorization experiments. In particular, we develop metrics that estimate the difficulty of a dataset by examining the host directory structure. These metrics are shown to be good predictors of categorization accuracy that can be achieved on a dataset, and serve as efficient heuristics for generating datasets subject to user's requirements. A large collection of automatically generated datasets are made available for other researchers to use.
BEST2-a high performance super self-aligned 3 V/5 V BiCMOS technology with extremely low parasitics for low-power mixed-signal applications (2002)

We present AT&T BEST2 a high performance BiCMOS technology designed for supporting low-power multi-GHz mixed-signal applications. Processing modules reported include novel device structure fabrication, selective-epitaxy-capping of As buried layer, and deep fully-recessed LOCOS isolation. The developed process with relaxed design rules has achieved f/sub t/ and f/sub max/ for npn bipolar (A/sub e/=1/spl times/2 um/sup 2/) or 23 GHz and 24 GHz at V/sub ce/=3 V, respectively. With BV/sub ceo//spl ges/5.5 volts, and /spl beta/V/sub A/ product of 2400. Typical/minimum ECL gate delays are measured 48 ps/37 ps (A/sub e/=1/spl times/2 um/sup 2/: 500 mV swing) at 0.6 mA/2.1 mA stage current, and CMOS gate delay (gate oxide=125 A/spl deg/, L/sub eff/=0.6 um; V/sub th,nch/=0.45 V; V/sub th,pch/=-0.45 V) 70 ps/stage. BiCMOS phase-locked-loop (emitter width=1 um; gate L/sub eff/=0.7 um) has achieved a world record of 6 GHz operation at 2 V power supply with total power consumption of 60 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A sub-40 ps ECL circuit at a switching current of 1.28 MA (1987)

A sophisticated bipolar technology for high speed and low power dissipation VLSI's has been developed. It employs an Emitter-base Self-aligned structure with Polysilicon Electrodes and Resistors (ESPER) combined with U-FOX (U-groove isolation with thick Field OXide). An ECL circuit with a minimum gate delay time of 38.8 ps has been obtained at a switching current (I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CS</inf> ) of 1.28 mA. At the same time, we have fabricated low power type transistors. In this circuit, we have obtained a minimum gate delay time of 60.2 ps at I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CS</inf> of 0.34 mA and a wiring length effect of 50 ps/mm for a 0.32 mA emitter follower current. This new process is advantageous to high performance VISI's and giga-digital systems.
On the Use of Front-End Cascode Rectifiers Based on Normally On SiC JFET and Si MOSFET (2013)

The new wide band-gap semiconductor devices provide new properties to be explored. Normally on silicon carbide (SiC) JFET power devices have several advantages, in particular low switching losses and the potential capabilities of high temperature and high reverse blocking voltage. Looking for improving the overall efficiency in power converters, new structures based on these power devices might be studied. In this paper, a cascode rectifier based on normally on SiC JFET is presented and analyzed. This rectification structure can be applied as front-end rectifier stage for ac-dc power converters, increasing the overall efficiency of these topologies. A second cascode rectifier based on silicon (Si) MOSFET is also studied, as a low-cost alternative. A simple static forward characterization and a brief dynamic behavior analysis of the proposed cascode rectifier structure are made. Both cascode structures are compared with traditional Si rectifier diodes and front-end rectifiers, using an active power factor corrector (PFC) interleaved boost converter. As a result of this comparison, an efficiency improvement as high as two points is obtained. An additional OR gate based on a diode is also used as second test circuit to compare the proposed structures to the traditional Si rectifiers. A reduction between 75% and 55% of the total loss are obtained in this second experimental test.
Environmental contamination during tracheal suction (1991)

The extent of airborne environmental bacterial contamination which occurs following tracheal suction has been investigated in patients undergoing intermittent positive pressure ventilation in the intensive therapy unit. Two methods of performing suction, one using a conventional open technique and one using a closed system (Stericath), have been compared. Significantly lower levels of environmental contamination were observed when the closed system was used.
Pre- and post-threshold conduction mechanisms in thermally grown titanium oxide films (1987)

Investigations of current transport mechanisms in the high- and low-impedance states of threshold-switched thermally oxidised titanium oxide films have been carried out. It has been ascertained experimentally that the high-impedance branch is dominated by a Poole-Frenkel type conduction. In the low-impedance branch a trap-free space charge limited type of mechanism is operative. The activation energy of donorlike centres responsible for Poole-Frenkel type conduction is also determined as 0.04 eV.
Fabrication of suspended thermally insulating membranes using frontside micromachining of the Si substrate: characterization of the etching process (2003)

We describe a frontside Si micromachining process for the fabrication of suspended silicon oxide or nitride membranes for thermal sensors. Membrane release is achieved by means of lateral nearly isotropic dry etching of the bulk silicon substrate, the etching being optimized for high rates and high selectivity with respect to the photoresist used to protect the device and the membrane material. Lateral Si etch rates of the order of 6–7 μm min−1 have been achieved in a high-density F-based plasma, which permit a reasonable etching time for the release of the membrane and the simultaneous formation of the cavity underneath ensuring thermal isolation of the final device. The proposed process can enhance the flexibility of device design and reduce the complexity of the fabrication process, since it does not require any additional steps other than the photoresist lithography for the protection of the active elements (e.g. polysilicon heaters and catalytic materials) that are formed on top of the membrane, due to the high selectivity of the process for Si etching with respect to the photoresist. We attempt to explain the observed dependencies of etch rates and selectivities on the plasma parameters and the dimensions of the released membranes by means of a simulator of the mechanisms involved in etching of structures.
Photoresponse and fast optical readout for a PbZr<i>x</i>Ti1−<i>x</i>O3/YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> thin-film heterostructure capacitor (1995)

The low-temperature photoresponse properties for a PbZrxTi1−xO3/YBa2Cu3O7−x thin-film heterostructure capacitor are reported. The fast optical readout effect measured for the device while the YBCO bottom electrode was superconducting indicates a fall time dependent on YBCO state. A simple equivalent circuit model confirmed that the temperature dependence of the YBCO electrode resistance is responsible for the variation of the fall time of the optical readout signal. Such heterostructures can be used to fabricate high power, radiation-hard optical sensors which cover the whole visible range.
Detection of methicillin/oxacillin resistance in staphylococci (2001)

Methicillin/oxacillin-resistant staphylococci are heterogeneous in their expression of resistance to beta-lactam agents and the test conditions have a major effect on the expression and therefore the detection of resistance. Conflicting recommendations regarding the most reliable method for routine use are partly related to differences between strains and there may be a variable interaction between the factors affecting the expression of resistance, including the agent tested, the medium, the NaCl concentration, the inoculum, temperature and period of incubation and the reading of endpoints. 'Borderline' resistant strains may have altered PBPs or be penicillinase hyperproducers, and these can be difficult to distinguish from resistant strains that carry the mecA gene. Recommended methods for MIC and disc diffusion testing are described, although it is unlikely that any single method will detect all resistant strains. Some rapid and/or automated methods are also available, including latex agglutination techniques for the detection of PBP2a. The gold standard method for the detection of resistance mediated by mecA is PCR, which is most commonly used as a reference method at present.
Data quality inference (2005)

In the field of sensor networks, data integration and collaboration, and intelligence gathering efforts, information on the quality of data sources are important but are often not available. We describe a technique to rank data sources by observing and comparing their behavior (i.e., the data produced by data sources) to rank. Intuitively, our measure characterizes data sources that agree with accurate or high-quality data sources as likely accurate. Furthermore, our measure includes a temporal component that takes into account a data source's past accuracy in evaluating its current accuracy. Initial experimental results based on simulation data to support our hypothesis demonstrate high precision and recall on identifying the most accurate data sources.
A preliminary study of size reduction of powders in a single-vessel pharmaceutical processor (2000)

The size reduction performance of a pneumatically driven single-vessel pharmaceutical processor is described. Two materials were considered, namely commercially available granular lactose (CAGL) and high-speed mixer granulator lactose (HSMGL). In both cases there is an initial phase in which the particle diameter is reduced rapidly. The rate at which the size reduction decreases is reduced with time. The final particle diameter was found to be dependent on the material being processed. In the case of CAGL, the minimum size achieved was 150 μm, while in the case of the HSMGL the final particle diameter was 100 μm.
An experimental and theoretical study of high repetition rate Q-switched Nd: YA1G lasers (1970)

An acoustooptic loss modulator made by bonding an X-cut quartz transducer to a fused silica scattering medium offers a practical means for repetitively Q-switching continuously pumped Nd : YAlG lasers at repetition rates up to 50 kHz. The peak power output of a multitransverse mode laser is typically enhanced by a factor of about 500 relative to CW operation at low (≪5 kHz) repetition rates and by larger factors when the transverse mode structure is suitably restricted. At high repetition rates, the peak power becomes smaller and the average power output approaches the CW level. The theoretical Q-switching behavior derived from the rate equations governing an ideal four-level laser is presented in graphical form, and is found to describe the observed behavior well when the laser is restricted to oscillation in the TEM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</inf> transverse mode. Similar calculations for Q-switched intracavity second harmonic generation indicate that the peak output power available at the second harmonic slightly exceeds that available at the fundamental, and that the harmonic coupling necessary to optimally couple the Q-switched laser is several orders of magnitude smaller than that required for CW intracavity conversion. Experiments using Ba <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> NaNb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</inf> For intracavity Q-switched harmonic generation roughly verified these predictions. A peak power output of 220 watts at 0.532 µ in the TEM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</inf> mode was achieved. Surface pitting of the nonlinear crystal after a few hours of operation prevented a thorough comparison with the calculated results. Preliminary experiments using the doubled Q-switched Nd : YAlG laser and an ammonia dihydrogen phosphate crystal to generate ultraviolet (the 0.266-µ harmonic) yielded a peak output power of 40 watts.
Soluble and electroactive nickel bis(dithiolene) complex polymers (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSoluble and electroactive nickel bis(dithiolene) complex polymersFei Wang and John R. ReynoldsCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 9, 2887–2889Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00187a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00187a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Current concepts in combination antibiotic therapy for critically ill patients (2014)

Widespread emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens is a problem of global dimension. MDR infections are difficult to treat and frequently associated with high mortality. More than one antibiotic is commonly used to treat such infections, but scientific evidence does not favor use of combination therapy in most cases. However, there are certain subgroups where combination therapy may be beneficial, e.g. sepsis due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, and patients with multiple organ failure. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to clearly define the role of combination therapy in these subgroups.
Adaptive Scheduling of Task Graphs with Dynamic Resilience (2016)

This paper studies a scheduling problem of task graphs on a nondedicated networked computing platform. The networked platform is characterized by a set of fully connected processors such as a multiprocessor system that can be shared by multiple tasks. Therefore, the computation and communication capacities of the computing platform dynamically fluctuate. To deal with this fluctuations for high performance task graph computing, we propose an online dynamic resilience scheduling algorithm called Adaptive Scheduling Algorithm (ASA) that bears certain distinct features compared to existing algorithms. First, the proposed algorithm deliberately assigns tasks to idle processors in multiple rounds to prevent any unfavorable decisions and also to avoid inefficient assignments of certain key tasks to slow processors. Second, the algorithm adopts task duplication as an attempt to minimize serious increase of schedule length due to unexpected processor slowdown. Finally, a look-ahead message transmission policy is applied to save communication time and further improve the overall performance. Performance evaluation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and competitiveness of our approaches when compared with the existing algorithms.
Characterization of Oil−Water Emulsion and Its Use in Enhanced Oil Recovery (2010)

Oil-in-water emulsions are important in the petroleum industry as a displacing fluid for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). To investigate the efficiency of oil−water emulsions in EOR, experiments were performed to characterize the emulsions in terms of their physicochemical properties and size distribution of the dispersed oil droplet in water phase. In the present study commercially available gear oil was used to prepare oil-in-water emulsions. Flooding experiments were also carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the emulsion as displacing fluid for enhanced oil recovery. Substantial additional recoveries (more than 20% of original oil in place) over conventional water flooding were obtained in the present investigation.
Examining Rater Errors in the Assessment of Written Composition With a Many‐Faceted Rasch Model (1994)

This study describes several categories of rater errors (rater severity, halo effect, central tendency, and restriction of range). Criteria are presented for evaluating the quality of ratings based on a many‐faceted Rasch measurement (FACETS) model for analyzing judgments. A random sample of 264 compositions rated by 15 raters and a validity committee from the 1990 administration of the Eighth Grade Writing Test in Georgia is used to illustrate the model. The data suggest that there are significant differences in rater severity. Evidence of a halo effect is found for two raters who appear to be rating the compositions holistically rather than analytically. Approximately 80% of the ratings are in the two middle categories of the rating scale, indicating that the error of central tendency is present. Restriction of range is evident when the unadjusted raw score distribution is examined, although this rater error is less evident when adjusted estimates of writing competence are used
O idoso e a tributação do rendimento em 2014 (2014)

Este artigo visa analisar as principais normas que, em 2014, afetam a tributacao dos idosos a nivel do rendimento, segundo uma abordagem realizada a nivel do Codigo do Imposto sobre o Rendimento das Pessoas Singulares (CIRS) e do Estatuto dos Beneficios Fiscais (EBF). Simultaneamente far-se-a uma analise breve aos beneficios fiscais de entidades conexas com o idoso (cf. fundos de pensoes), alem de uma brevissima referencia a tributacao de alguns bens e servicos importantes para o idoso a nivel de Imposto sobre o Valor Acrescentado (IVA).Apos esta analise, particularmente a nivel do CIRS e do EBF, vamos verificar que ja muitas questoes relacionadas com os idosos foram tidas em consideracao na legislacao tributaria, muitas delas levando a um desagravamento da tributacao. Em todo o caso, sempre se denota a tendencia para a diminuicao dos beneficios fiscais, assim como a introducao de contribuicoes extraordinarias, quer por motivos politicos, quer por motivos economicos, situacoes que podem contribuir para maior precariedade a nivel dos idosos.Em relacao ao CIVA, embora seja de louvar a tributacao de alguns bens e servicos a taxa reduzida, devera ter-se em consideracao uma visao abrangente da vida do idoso e nesse sentido, promover, sempre que possivel, a tributacao de bens essenciais a taxa reduzida. SUMARIO:1. Introducao2. O idoso e o CIRS3. O idoso e o EBF4. O idoso e o CIVA: breve referencia5. Breves conclusoesBibliografiaJurisprudencia