gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gel-Based Hippocampal Proteomic Analysis 2 Weeks following Traumatic Brain Injury to Immature Rats Using Controlled Cortical Impact (2006)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) to postnatal day 17 rats has been shown to produce acute changes in hippocampal global protein levels and spatial learning and memory deficits. The purpose of the present study was to analyze global hippocampal protein changes 2 weeks after a moderate ipsilateral controlled cortical impact in postnatal day 17 rats using 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Paired sham and ipsilateral injured hippocampal lysates were independently labeled with different fluorescent cyanine dyes and coseparated within the same immobilized pH gradient strips and slab gel based on isoelectric point and molecular mass. Significant changes in key proteins involved in glial and neuronal stress, oxidative metabolism, calcium uptake and neurotransmitter function were found 2 weeks after injury, and their potential roles in hippocampal plasticity and cognitive dysfunction were discussed.
Killing mechanism of Listeria monocytogenes in activated macrophages as determined by an improved assay system (1998)

Exposure of Listeria monocytogenes to gentamicin 5 mg/L for 4 h resulted in the killing of most extracellular bacteria, but had no effect on the survival of bacteria inside macrophages. Higher concentrations of gentamicin caused a reduction in the number of intracellular bacteria. This effect was associated with cellular uptake of gentamicin, but was unaffected by activation of macrophages by interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide. In experiments in which exposure to gentamicin 5 mg/L for 4 h was used to kill extracellular bacteria, killing by activated macrophages was impaired when O2- production was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, but not when nitric oxide production was blocked by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. These data suggest that the reactive oxygen intermediates are more important than nitric oxide in the killing of L. monocytogenes, at least in macrophages activated in vitro.
Reversal of cell determination in yeast meiosis: postcommitment arrest allows return to mitotic growth. (1994)

When yeast from the early stages of meiosis are transferred from sporulation to growth medium, they can reenter the mitotic cell cycle directly. In contrast, cells from later stages of meiosis (after the initiation of the first nuclear division) will complete meiosis and sporulation despite the shift to growth medium, a phenomenon known as "commitment to meiosis." This study reports the surprising finding that when the normal progression of meiosis is arrested, cells from later stages of meiosis can return to growth. Cells were arrested after the first or second meiotic division by three independent means: the spo14 mutation, the spo3-1 mutation, and a high-temperature arrest of wild-type cells. In every case, the arrested cells were able to form buds after transfer to growth medium. These cells, however, experienced a delay upon return to growth relative to uncommitted cells. We propose that the commitment phenomenon results from a transient delay of mitotic growth, which occurs specifically during meiosis, and that commitment does not involve an irreversible inhibition of mitosis as previously thought.
Bringing <scp>CLARITY</scp> to the human brain: visualization of Lewy pathology in three dimensions (2015)

The effective use of CLARITY on large samples of human tissue opens up many potential avenues for detailed pathological and morphological studies.
Effect of plasma rich in growth factors on alveolar osteitis (2012)

The application of PRGF may significantly reduce the incidence of AO or its associated pain and may accelerate healing. The prophylactic use of PRGF following third molar extraction may be suggested especially in the patients at risk of AO.
Nannochloropsis plastid and mitochondrial phylogenomes reveal organelle diversification mechanism and intragenus phylotyping strategy in microalgae (2013)

This first comprehensive dataset of organelle genomes for a microalgal genus enabled exhaustive assessment and searches of all candidate phylogenetic markers on the organelle genomes. A new strategy for intragenus phylotyping of microalgae was proposed which might be generally applicable to other microalgal genera and should serve as a valuable tool in the expanding algal biotechnology industry.
Human IgA and IgG F(ab’)2 that bind to staphylococcal protein A belong to the VHIII subgroup (1991)

Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) is a bacterial membrane protein that possesses, in addition to its Fc gamma-binding activity, a distinct specificity for the Fab region of some IgM, IgA, IgG, and IgE. The Fab site that binds to SPA has been localized to the V region of the Ig H chain. In a previous study of human monoclonal and polyclonal IgM, we demonstrated that binding to SPA was highly restricted to molecules of the VHIII subgroup, and that nearly all VHIII IgM were able to bind SPA. The present study examines the VH composition of SPA-binding and SPA-nonbinding fractions of purified human polyclonal IgA, and IgG F(ab')2 fragments. We found that 22% of the IgA and 15% of the IgG F(ab')2 bound to SPA-agarose. Analysis with VH subgroup-specific antisera indicated that the SPA-binding fraction of IgA was dominated by the VHIII subgroup, and the SPA-binding fraction of IgG F(ab')2 contained only VHIII molecules. Furthermore, substantial portions of the total VHIII protein in IgA and in IgG F(ab')2 bound to SPA. We conclude that Fab binding to SPA is both restricted to and highly prevalent among human VHIII molecules, regardless of Ig class. These results suggest that protein A is an Ig superantigen.
New Approach to Low-Cost Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells With Back Contact Electrodes (2008)

Much attention has been paid to the development of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) owing to a possibility of low production cost. One of the main factors that has hampered the practical application of DSCs is the use of a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrate of very high cost. Here we introduce a newly structured DSC back contact dye-sensitized solar cell (BCDSC) in which the TCO is omitted and a porous Ti electrode for electron collection, called a back contact electrode (BCE), is placed on the side opposite to the side of light irradiation. We succeeded in fabricating on the TiO2 film a BCE with large enough pore size for both efficient dye adsorption onto the film and smooth I−/I3− redox couple transportation through the film. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study showed that increase in the BCE thickness causes increase in the I−/I3− redox couple transport resistance at the same time as reduction of BCE resistance. Under standard air mass (AM) 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2), a BCDSC with N719 dye yielded an overall conversion efficiency of 8.4%. An intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) study indicated that the lifetime of electrons in the TiO2 film of the BCDSC is long enough for them to reach the BCE. The BCDSC therefore has the potential for high photovoltaic performance even though the TiO2 film contains many interfaces between TiO2 particles such as the grain boundary in the polycrystalline silicon. The high-efficiency BCDSC achieved in the present study brings a low-cost DSC one step closer to practical use.
Oral and rectal nalbuphine bioavailability: First‐pass metabolism in rats and dogs (1985)

The disposition of the narcotic antagonist/analgesic nalbuphine after i.v., oral, and rectal dosing was evaluated in rats and dogs. In both species nalbuphine had high systemic clearance and low oral bioavailability as a result of extensive first-pass metabolism. Administration to a closed 2 cm length of rectum in rats resulted in complete bioavailability; first-pass metabolism was circumvented. However, the extent of first-pass metabolism increased when the dose was not restricted to the lower rectum. Rectal nalbuphine bioavailability in dogs from a solution or three suppository formulations was low and equivalent to oral bioavailability. This was probably because of upward spreading of the dose and subsequent first-pass metabolism. Sodium salicylate, which has been shown to improve rectal absorption of other drugs, did not affect nalbuphine bioavailability rectally.
Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: improving the therapeutic index (2015)

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a highly curable form of childhood cancer, with estimated 5 year survival rates exceeding 98%. However, the establishment of a "standard of care" approach to its management is complicated by the recognition that long-term overall survival declines in part from delayed effects of therapy and that there continue to be subgroups of patients at risk for relapse for which prognostic criteria cannot adequately define. This challenge has resulted in the development of various strategies aimed at identifying the optimal balance between maintaining overall survival and avoidance of long-term morbidity of therapy, often representing strategies quite different from those used for adults with HL. More precise risk stratification and methods for assessing the chemosensitivity of HL through imaging studies and biomarkers are in evolution. Recent advances in the understanding of the biology of HL have led to the introduction of targeted therapies in both the frontline and relapsed settings. However, significant barriers exist in the development of new combination therapies, necessitating collaborative studies across pediatric HL research consortia and in conjunction with adult groups for the adolescent and young adult (AYA) population with HL.
A model of dynamic auditory perception and its application to robust word recognition (1997)

This paper describes two mechanisms that augment the common automatic speech recognition (ASR) front end and provide adaptation and isolation of local spectral peaks. A dynamic model consisting of a linear filterbank with a novel additive logarithmic adaptation stage after each filter output is proposed. An extensive series of perceptual forward masking experiments, together with previously reported forward masking data, determine the model's dynamic parameters. Once parameterized, the simple exponential dynamic mechanism predicts the nature of forward masking data from several studies across wide ranging frequencies, input levels, and probe delay times. An initial evaluation of the dynamic model together with a local peak isolation mechanism as a front end for dynamic time warp (DTW) and hidden Markov model (HMM) word recognition systems shows an improvement in robustness to background noise when compared to Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), linear prediction cepstral coefficients (LPCC), and relative spectra (RASTA) based front ends.
Circulating Tumor Cells: A Review of Non–EpCAM-Based Approaches for Cell Enrichment and Isolation (2016)

CTCs offer an opportunity to obtain key biological information required for the development of personalized medicine. However, there is no universal marker of these cells. To strengthen the clinical utility of CTCs, it is important to improve existing technologies and develop new, non-EpCAM-based systems to enrich and isolate CTCs.
Postprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin in Cows Fed High Grain (1975)

The effects of ration on postprandial serum glucose and insulin were detemined in 12 lactating Holstein cows. Six were fed a high grain ration of 15% hay and 85% concentrate (dry basis) and the other six a control ration of 55% corn silage, 10% hay and 35% concentrate. High grain feeding increased glucose and insulin at all hours postfeeding as compared to control cows. In the cows fed high grain, glucose increased from 63.3 to 72.2 mg/100 ml and insulin from 19.2 to 25.6 mu units/ml serum just before feeding to 3 h postfeeding. Values for 2, 3, and 4 h samples were greater than for other sampling time. Serum glucose was 55.5 mg/100 ml at 1 h in control cows which was above other sample. Serum insulin followed a pattern similar to glucose in controls but was not signigicantly different with time. The blood changes due to high grain feeding are probably related to low milk fat production.
Living on the edge: The role of proactive caching in 5G wireless networks (2014)

This article explores one of the key enablers of beyond 4G wireless networks leveraging small cell network deployments, proactive caching. Endowed with predictive capabilities and harnessing recent developments in storage, context awareness, and social networks, peak traffic demands can be substantially reduced by proactively serving predictable user demands via caching at base stations and users' devices. In order to show the effectiveness of proactive caching, we examine two case studies that exploit the spatial and social structure of the network, where proactive caching plays a crucial role. First, in order to alleviate backhaul congestion, we propose a mechanism whereby files are proactively cached during off-peak periods based on file popularity and correlations among user and file patterns. Second, leveraging social networks and D2D communications, we propose a procedure that exploits the social structure of the network by predicting the set of influential users to (proactively) cache strategic contents and disseminate them to their social ties via D2D communications. Exploiting this proactive caching paradigm, numerical results show that important gains can be obtained for each case study, with backhaul savings and a higher ratio of satisfied users of up to 22 and 26 percent, respectively. Higher gains can be further obtained by increasing the storage capability at the network edge.
Prophylactic use of melatonin protects against focal cerebral ischemia in mice: role of endothelin converting enzyme‐1 (2004)

Melatonin has previously been shown to be neuroprotective in rodent models of ischemic stroke. Herein, we tested whether this antioxidant may also be suitable for prophylactic use against stroke. To clarify this issue, melatonin was administrated orally for 9 wk (4 mg/kg/day) in mice and its effects on subsequent injury development after 90 min of intraluminal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion were tested. To evaluate its neuroprotective properties, the protective actions of prophylactic melatonin were compared with both acute melatonin (4 mg/kg, i.p.) administration and with a diluent (sham)-treated control condition. MCA occlusion resulted in reproducible ischemia, as revealed by laser Doppler flowmetry; this was followed by a rapid restoration of blood flow immediately after reperfusion onset. Laser Doppler flow values after reperfusion onset were moderately elevated by melatonin, both when the indole was given prophylactically and when acutely administrated after stroke. In control animals, reproducible brain infarcts were observed 24 hr after reperfusion onset. Treatment with melatonin significantly reduced the infarct size by approximately 30-35%, independent of whether the indole was given prophylactically before or acutely after ischemia. To test whether brain protection involved vascular mechanisms, as suggested earlier, the effects of melatonin on endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) levels were studied using Western blots. Interestingly, delivery of melatonin was accompanied by a marked inhibition of ECE-1 levels, which was similarly seen after both acute and chronic melatonin treatment. Our data suggest that melatonin, given at pharmacological doses, may be suitable as a prophylaxis against stroke. Tissue protection may involve an inhibition of ECE-1, which improves vasodilation, after ischemia.
CD138 (syndecan-1) expression in health and disease. (2014)

CD138 (syndecan-1, Sdc-1) is a member of the syndecan family that comprises heparan sulfate proteoglycans. CD138 is significant for cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In adult human tissues, CD138 is predominantly expressed in epithelial cells and plasmacytes. CD138 immunoexpression is altered in a wide spectrum of benign inflammatory, infectious and fibrotic diseases (colitis, allergic contact dermatitis, fibrosis of various organs, etc) and diabetes mellitus type II. Furthermore, CD138 is involved in molecular pathways that are deregulated during carcinogenesis and are related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumour invasion and metastasis. CD138 tumour cell and stromal immunoexpression is modified in various types of cancer, and is frequently correlated with clinico-pathological parameters and patients' prognosis. The soluble form of CD138 may be used as a prognostic serum biomarker with promising results in respiratory tract carcinomas. CD138 plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and is an attractive target for anticancer treatment with heparanase inhibitors and anti-CD138 antibodies for immunotherapy.
A New Synthesis of Kinetin and Its Analogs (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Synthesis of Kinetin and Its AnalogsMANUEL M. BAIZER, JOHN R. CLARK, MICHAEL DUB, and ATHANASIOS LOTERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 11, 1276–1277Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01117a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01117a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views319Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effizientes Testen heterogener Leitsystemkonfigurationen (2013)

Die Simulation als Mittel zum Testen der Leitsystem-Konfiguration hat sich über die letzten Jahre etabliert. Aufgrund des hohen manuellen Aufwands fokussieren simulationsbasierte Testmethoden meist auf den funktionalen Bereich, wobei ausschließlich die Steuerungslogik, nicht aber die Konfiguration der Subsysteme getestet wird. Der Beitrag stellt eine Methode vor, mit der die Vorteile simulationsbasierter Tests um die Möglichkeiten aktueller Hardware-Emulatoren erweitert werden. Hierzu wird ein Framework präsentiert, welches die für einen Subsystemtest notwendigen Emulatoren integriert und automatisch konfiguriert.
A Continuous-Flow Microwave Reactor for Conducting High-Temperature and High-Pressure Chemical Reactions (2013)

A continuous-flow microwave reactor with a unique pressure control device is described. The reactor has been designed to withstand extremely high pressure without the involvement of a conventional backpressure-creating device that commonly results in carryover and cross-contamination problems. The reactor efficiency has been evaluated by product conversions using two model reactions, namely, the Claisen rearrangement and the synthesis of benzimidazole.
Measurement of the Contact Force of the Pantograph by Image Processing Technology (2014)

Contact force between a pantograph and catenary is one of the most important indices for evaluating the contact performance of the pantograph-catenary system. Hence, some contact force measuring methods have been developed. However, currently used measurement methods have some problems. Firstly, the installation of sensors in a panhead could affect the dynamic characteristics of the pantograph. Secondly, they need data transmitting equipment, because built-in sensors are set under high-voltage condition. Thirdly, some kinds of pantographs cannot be equipped with sensors in a panhead because of structural restriction. To eliminate these problems, the authors have developed a new contact force measuring method by using image processing sensors mounted on the rooftop of a train.
Unilateral Incompatibility in Capsicum (Solanaceae): Occurrence and Taxonomic Distribution (2004)

Background and aims Unilateral incompatibility (UI) occurs when pollinations between species are successful in one direction but not in the other. Self-incompatible (SI) species frequently show UI with genetically related, self-compatible (SC) species, as pollen of SI species is compatible on the SC pistil, but not vice versa. Many examples of unilateral incompatibility, and all those which have been studied most intensively, are found in the Solanaceae, particularly Lycopersicon, Solanum, Nicotiana and Petunia. The genus Capsicum is evolutionarily somewhat distant from Lycopersicon and Solanum and even further removed from Nicotiana and Petunia. Unilateral incompatibility has also been reported in Capsicum; however, this is the first comprehensive study of crosses between all readily available species in the genus. Methods All readily available (wild and domesticated) species in the genus are used as plant material, including the three genera from the Capsicum pubescens complex plus eight other species. Pollinations were made on pot-grown plants in a glasshouse. The number of pistils pollinated per cross varied (from five to 40 pistils per plant), depending on the numbers of flowers available. Pistils were collected 24 h after pollination and fixed for 3-24 h. After staining, pistils were mounted in a drop of stain, squashed gently under a cover slip and examined microscopically under ultra-violet light for pollen tube growth. Key results Unilateral incompatibility is confirmed in the C. pubescens complex. Its direction conforms to that predominant in the Solanaceae and other families, i.e. pistils of self-incompatible species, or self-compatible taxa closely related to self-incompatible species, inhibit pollen tubes of self-compatible species. Conclusions Unilateral incompatibility in Capsicum does not seem to have arisen to prevent introgression of self-compatibility into self-incompatible taxa, but as a by-product of divergence of the C. pubescens complex from the remainder of the genus. (C) 2004 Annals of Botany Company.
Identification of the Astringent Taste Compounds in Black Tea Infusions by Combining Instrumental Analysis and Human Bioresponse (2004)

Application of taste dilution analyses on freshly prepared black tea infusions revealed neither the high molecular weight thearubigen-like polyphenols nor the catechins and theaflavins, but a series of 14 flavon-3-ol glycosides as the main contributors to the astringent taste perceived upon black tea consumption. Among these glycosides, the apigenin-8-C-[alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside] was identified for the first time in tea infusions. Depending on the structure, the flavon-3-ol glycosides were found to induce a velvety and mouth-coating sensation at very low threshold concentrations, which were far below those of catechins or theaflavins; for example, the threshold of 0.001 micromol/L found for quercetin-3-O-[alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside] is 190000, or 16000 times below the threshold determined for epigallocatechin gallate or theaflavin, respectively. Moreover, structure/activity considerations revealed that, besides the type of flavon-3-ol aglycon, the type and the sequence of the individual monosaccharides in the glycosidic chain are key drivers for astringency perception of flavon-3-ol glycosides.