gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Study on Methane-Air Counterflow Diffusion Flames Part 2. Global Strain Rate (2003)

In Part 1, the flame structure of the counterflow nonpremixed flames computed by using Fire Dynamics Simulator was compared with that of OPPDIF for different concentrations of methane in the fuel stream. In this study, comparisons were made for the global strain rate that is an important parameter for diffusion flames for further evaluation of FDS. At each of the three fuel concentrations, in the fuel stream, the temperature and axial velocity profiles were investigated for the global strain rate in the range from 20 to . Changes in flame thickness and radius were also compared with OPPDIF. There was good agreement in the temperature and axial velocity profiles between the axisymmetric simulations and the one-dimensional computations except for the regions where the flame temperature reach its peak and the axial velocity rapidly changes. The simulations of the axisymmetric flames with FDS showed that the flame thickness decreases and the flame radius increases with increasing global strain rate.
Synthesis of New Morphine Derivatives Containing Halogen in the Aromatic Ring (1994)

Abstract The C-1 halogenated (brominated and chlorinated) analogues of morphine, codeine and their dihydro derivatives have been synthesized by means of known and new procedures. Hitherto unknown N-demethylation of these derivatives has also been explored, and several new N-demethyl-N-substituted analogues (allyl, n-propyl) have been prepared with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of certain details of the structure-activity relationships of the morphine alkaloids.
A Value Transmission Method for Abstract Data Types (1982)

data types have proved to be a useful technique for structuring systems. In large systems it is sometimes useful to have different regions of the system use different representations for the abstract data values. A technique is described for communicating abstract values between such regions. The method was developed for use in constructing distributed systems, where the regions exist at different computers and the values are communicated over a network. The method defines a call-by-value semantics; it is also useful in nondistributed systems wherever call by value is the desired semantics. An important example of such a use is a repository, such as a file system, for storing longlived data.
Protein Kinase C Isozymes as Potential Targets for Anticancer Therapy (2004)

Protein kinase C (PKC) comprises a family of isozymes (alpha, betaI, betaII, gamma, delta, epsilon, theta, eta, lambda/iota [mouse/human], and zeta) which are involved in signal transduction from membrane receptors to the nucleus. Activation of PKC by phorbol esters promotes tumor formation, and from that it was concluded that inhibitors of PKC might prevent carcinogenesis or inhibit tumor proliferation. However, the situation is more complicated because the exact function of the different PKC isozymes is not known at present. They have been shown to be involved in synaptic transmissions, the activation of ion fluxes, secretion, cell cycle control, differentiation, proliferation, tumorigenesis, metastasis and apoptosis. Modulators such as bryostatin-1, phospholipid analogues, PKC-activating adriamycin derivatives, CGP41251, UCN-01, and antisense oligonucleotides directed against PKCalpha, have shown antitumor activity in cancer patients. PKC inhibitors are not specific to PKC, but also interact with other signaling molecules, which may contribute to the antitumor effects. Modulators of PKC have also been shown to influence non-MDR1-mediated and MDR1-mediated antitumor drug resistance. This review is focussed on the role of PKC isozymes in human cell proliferation, apoptosis and antitumor drug resistance, and on the use of PKC modulators as antitumor agents.
Internet emergency alert system (2005)

The emergency alert system available on television and radio media provides an effective means for dissipating information to the general population during emergencies. Demographic studies in the United States have shown an increasing trend towards the use of Internet by general population, and point to the fact that increased Internet usage is associated with decreased time on television and radio. Since there is no equivalent of the TV and radio emergency alert system on the Internet, a significant fraction of the population may be left without prompt information in the case of an emergency. In this paper, we explore the various options for designing an emergency alert system for users in Internet. We address the operational and technical challenges associated with each option, present alternative designs for an Internet emergency alert system, and compare the relative merits of the different approaches.
Cyclic Dienes. XXIII. 1,4-Dimethylene-2-cyclohexene<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic Dienes. XXIII. 1,4-Dimethylene-2-cyclohexene1William J. Bailey and Robert Barclay Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 20, 5393–5396Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01529a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01529a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human tracking using near field imaging (2008)

The sensor system presented in this paper utilizes near field imaging for wide area human location and tracking. The sensor system provides reliable location data of humans by measuring slight impedance changes between elements of a thick film sensor matrix under the floor covering. The sensor is completely rigid and undetectable. The low cost and scalable design allows the system to be spread across the whole indoor surface area. The system aims to ensure the efficiency of the elderly care system. Ageing of the population structure in Finland generates an eminent need for more resources in this field. The main pilot sites of the described system are in the senior homes, where the personnel will be most stressed in the near future. The location data can be used for various purposes such as making alarms of senior persons getting up from bed during the night risking them selves of losing balance. Making an alarm during falling down on the floor has an obvious benefit for the habitants of old age homes.
P NMR Spectroscopy in Wood Chemistry - Part III. Solid State<sup><b>31</b></sup>P NMR of Trimethyl Phosphite Derivatives of Chromophores in Mechanical Pulp (1992)

Article P NMR Spectroscopy in Wood Chemistry - Part III. Solid State 31P NMR of Trimethyl Phosphite Derivatives of Chromophores in Mechanical Pulp was published on January 1, 1992 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 46, issue 3).
Structural Features of a Solar TPV System (2004)

Developed solar TPV system consists of sunlight tracker, sunlight concentrator, absorber of concentrated sunlight, selective emitter of radiation, internal reflectors of radiation from the emitter, and PV cells cooled by water or forced air. The concentration ratio exceeding 8000 suns is ensured by the developed 300W dish mirror with secondary compound parabolic concentrator. The emitter is made of tungsten evacuated in a vacuum bulb. To decrease the losses of the photons emitted back to outside of TPV system, the area of the emitter surface exceeds up to 10 times the absorber aperture area. The developed PV cells based on Ge and GaSb have a back‐surface mirror, which reflects the sub‐bandgap photons to the emitter increasing its temperature and overall system efficiency.
Redox‐Mediated Regulation of p21<sup>Waf1/Cip1</sup> Expression Involves a Post‐Transcriptional Mechanism and Activation of the Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase Pathway (1997)

p21(waf1/cip1) gene expression is induced by DNA damage in cells with wild-type p53 and contributes to the arrest of cell growth. It was demonstrated that under many experimental conditions, including oxidative stress, p21(waf1/cip1) expression can be induced through p53-independent pathways. Since most of these experimental conditions induce the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and thus its activation, we evaluated p21(waf1/cip1) mRNA levels in cells exposed to an oxidative stress, induced by diethylmaleate (Et2Mal), and in which the MAPK pathway was blocked. The expression of a dominant-negative mutant of MEK, the MAPK kinase that phosphorylates and activates MAPK, and of a dominant-negative [Asn17]Ras mutant prevented the Et2Mal-induced accumulation of p21(waf1/cip1) mRNA. Similarly, the expression of MEK- and of [Asn17]Ras mutants decreased the 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-mediated p21(waf1/cip1) induction. Furthermore, TPA-induced and serum-induced p21(waf1/cip1) mRNA accumulation was blocked by pretreating the cells with the antioxidant compound N-acetylcysteine, suggesting that oxidative stress is involved in these responses. p21(waf1/cip1) mRNA levels reached a maximum within 2 h of adding Et2Mal or TPA; however, the rate of transcription from a p21(waf1/cip1)-promoter construct did not increase during this period. In contrast, cells treated with actinomycin D show an increase of p21(waf1/cip1) mRNA stability after Et2Mal treatment. This result suggests that the increase in p21(waf1/cip1) mRNA at early times results from post-transcriptional regulatory events. Longer exposure to TPA may activate p21(waf1/cip1) gene transcription through an Sp1-dependent mechanism, while Et2Mal treatment gradually inhibits p21(waf1/cip1) gene transcription through oxidative changes that affect Sp1 binding to DNA.
Forensic Chemical Study on Marihuana. I. A Detection Method of the Principal Constituents by Thin-layer and Gas Chromatographies (1968)

A new solvent system benzene-n-hexane-diethylamine (25 : 10 : 1), was found to show a good separation of cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol in hemp resin by thin-layer chromatography, in which Rf-values of three constituents were 0.45, 0.35 and 0.25, respectively. Furthermore, the same solvent system was successfully applied to silica gel column chromatography for isolation of three constituents of hemp resin. Using cocaine hydrochloride as an internal standard of gas chromatography, relative retention times of cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol were calculated to be 1.76, 2.34 and 2.88, respectively. Six kinds of hemps grown in India, U.S.A. and Japan, were quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography, and against a common opinion, Japanese hemps were found to contain considerable amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol, a physiologically active constituent.
Methanol Assimilation by Hyphomicrobium sp. (1973)

Summary: A study has been made in methanol- and ethanol-grown Hyphomicrobium x of the specific activities of the following enzymes: serine hydroxymethyltransferase, serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, glycerate kinase, phosphopyruvate hydratase, phosphopyruvate carboxylase, serine dehydratase, malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), phosphopyruvate synthase, phosphopyruvate carboxykinase, glycerate phosphomutase, malate dehydrogenase, malate lyase (CoA acetylating-ATP cleaving), citrate synthase, aconitate hydratase, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. It was concluded that during growth on ethanol the glyoxylate cycle operated, while during growth on methanol, C1 units and glyoxylate were converted to malate by the serine pathway. The glyoxylate was regenerated by cleavage of malate into glyoxylate and acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA was itself oxidized to glyoxylate by some of the reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and isocitrate lyase, thus permitting net synthesis of C3 and C4 compounds from methanol and carbon dioxide.
Celiac Disease in Brazilian Adults (2002)

In general, the authors' results are similar to those described in developing countries, indicating that celiac disease might have the same spectrum of presentation regardless of the region studied.
APOL1 kidney disease risk variants cause cytotoxicity by depleting cellular potassium and inducing stress-activated protein kinases (2015)

Two specific genetic variants of the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene are responsible for the high rate of kidney disease in people of recent African ancestry. Expression in cultured cells of these APOL1 risk variants, commonly referred to as G1 and G2, results in significant cytotoxicity. The underlying mechanism of this cytotoxicity is poorly understood. We hypothesized that this cytotoxicity is mediated by APOL1 risk variant-induced dysregulation of intracellular signaling relevant for cell survival. To test this hypothesis, we conditionally expressed WT human APOL1 (G0), the APOL1 G1 variant, or the APOL1 G2 variant in human embryonic kidney cells (T-REx-293) using a tetracycline-mediated (Tet-On) system. We found that expression of either G1 or G2 APOL1 variants increased apparent cell swelling and cell death compared with G0-expressing cells. These manifestations of cytotoxicity were preceded by G1 or G2 APOL1-induced net efflux of intracellular potassium as measured by X-ray fluorescence, resulting in the activation of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), p38 MAPK, and JNK. Prevention of net K(+) efflux inhibited activation of these SAPKs by APOL1 G1 or G2. Furthermore, inhibition of SAPK signaling and inhibition of net K(+) efflux abrogated cytotoxicity associated with expression of APOL1 risk variants. These findings in cell culture raise the possibility that nephrotoxicity of APOL1 risk variants may be mediated by APOL1 risk variant-induced net loss of intracellular K(+) and subsequent induction of stress-activated protein kinase pathways.
Oxidation and dissolution rates of UO<sub>2</sub>(s) in carbonate-rich solutions under external alpha irradiation and initially reducing conditions (2006)

This paper describes the effects of aqueous carbonate concentrations on the UO 2 oxidation and dissolution rates under an alpha beam irradiation in a cyclotron. As solid samples, UO 2 colloids were synthesized by nano-particle precipitation. The specific surface area obtained is 85.3 m 2 /g. All aqueous solutions were buffered in the pH range 8<pH<9. The observation of particles under TEM and X-ray diffraction showed well-crystallized UO 2 . Molecular radiolysis products such as H 2 O 2 and carbonate degradation products where analysed. Solution analysis of dissolved uranium and of radiolytically generated H 2 O 2 allowed to deduce dissolution rates of UO 2 as well as H 2 O 2 consumption rates (deduced from the H 2 O 2 concentrations in presence of UO 2 colloids and those in irradiated blank solutions). In absence of carbonate, the dissolution rates of UO 2 are much lower than the H 2 O 2 consumption rates. The difference is explained by the oxidation of uranium(IV) at the UO 2 /solution interface ( e.g. formation of U 3 O 7 ). In contrast, in the presence of carbonate (up to 4×10 -2 mol/L), the dissolution rates of UO 2 are similar to H 2 O 2 consumption rates. In this case the oxidized uranium is complexed with carbonate ions resulting in highly soluble species as indicated by the geochemical model PHREEQC calculations [UO 2 (CO 3 ) 3 4 - ]. The high carbonate concentration did not affect the H 2 O 2 formation/consumption rates. Radiolytic decomposition of carbonate ions and formation of organic radiolytic degradation products were negligible. The results indicate that under the present experimental conditions, UO 2 oxidation by H 2 O 2 and UO 2 dissolution are connected as a sequential reaction: for a given H 2 O 2 concentration, UO 2 oxidation occurs at a constant rate. At low carbonate concentration, the dissolution of oxidized UO 2 is slower than the oxidation rate (hence oxidation is not rate limiting), while at high carbonate concentrations all oxidized UO 2 becomes immediately dissolved and UO 2 oxidation becomes rate limiting for UO 2 dissolution. This mechanism is in agreement with that proposed in the Matrix Alteration Model (MAM).
Acute and long-term outcome of cryoablation therapy of typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (2009)

Cryoablation of AVNRT can be achieved with a high acute success rate and a reasonable recurrence rate at long-term follow-up. Complete abolition of slow pathway conduction seems to predict better late outcome.
Insect Pathogenic Properties Of Serratia Marcescens. Passive And Active Resistance To Insect Immunity Studied With Protease-Deficient And Phage-Resistant Mutants (1983)

Many insects have a cell-free immune system in which small basic proteins called cecropins are the main defence against Gram-negative bacteria. We have earlier shown that an insect pathogenic strain of Serratia marcescens was resistant to insect immunity and that certain mutants resistant to phage ɸJ become sensitive to cecropins. We have found that protease-deficient mutants with and without resistance to ɸJ appear to be deficient in the mechanism of protease induction. Three different protease fractions exist and for two of the enzymes we describe a partial purification and characterization. The proteases show pronounced autodegradation which increases with the purity. Both enzymes are only partly affected by EDTA and they are highly toxic to Drosophila melanogaster. All three enzymes destroy cecropins in immune haemolymph from Cecropia pupae. However, in vivo experiments with different mutants indicate that in Serratia, passive resistance to insect immunity is more important for virulence in Drosophila than the production of proteases which can destroy cecropins.
Understanding Polyisobutylene Succinimides (PIBSI) and Internal Diesel Injector Deposits (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Deposit control additives have been added to diesel fuel for over 30 years to prevent the build-up of deposits in the fuel injection system and thereby ensure optimum engine operation. As the complexity of modern diesel fuel injection systems has increased their tolerance to deposit formation has decreased and therefore there is now an even greater need for high quality deposit control additives. The predominant and most effective chemistry for diesel deposit control additives used over the past 30 years is polyisobutylene succinimides (PIBSI). The design and manufacture of these additives is critical to their performance in the field in terms of functioning to control deposits but also from a no-harm standpoint.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent work has identified low molecular weight PIBSI as a cause of internal diesel injector deposits (IDID) associated with injector sticking. Low molecular weight PIBSI would not normally be associated with a high quality deposit control additive and the term PIBSI can cover a multitude of chemical structures. This paper presents new work carried out to further understand the relative effects of a range of PIBSI molecules and more precisely understand which low molecular weight PIBSI species can lead to IDID.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Laboratory bench tests have been carried out to test a range of PIBSI to identify those species responsible for IDID. The effects of fuel components and refinery additives have also been investigated. Industry Standard and modified engine tests have been used to demonstrate the effect of low molecular weight PIBSI species. They have also been used to show that a PIBSI specifically designed and manufactured to function as a diesel deposit control additive does not cause internal diesel injector deposits and will also function effectively to prevent their formation.</div></div>
Movement Is Fun (1987)

A movement program for children based on sensory integration theory, using movement education concepts, was developed by an occupational therapist for use in preschool settings. The goal of the program is to enhance normal growth and development in 3-5 year old children, and to provide a vehicle for early identification of children with developmental delays. The paper will describe the curriculum and provide examples of activities used as well as suggestions for instituting such a program elsewhere. Research has not been conducted on the effects of the program, but comments from teachers, parents and therapists involved indicate that the program is meeting its goals.
Apoptosis, Stem Cells, and Tissue Regeneration (2010)

Most metazoans have at least some ability to regenerate damaged cells and tissues, although the regenerative capacity varies depending on the species, organ, or developmental stage. Cell replacement and regeneration occur in two contexts: renewal of spent cells during tissue homeostasis (homeostatic growth), and in response to external injury, wounding, or amputation (epimorphic regeneration). Model organisms that display remarkable regenerative capacity include amphibians, planarians, Hydra, and the vertebrate liver. In addition, several mammalian organs--including the skin, gut, kidney, muscle, and even the human nervous system--have some ability to replace spent or damaged cells. Although the regenerative response is complex, it typically involves the induction of new cell proliferation through formation of a blastema, followed by cell specification, differentiation, and patterning. Stem cells and undifferentiated progenitor cells play an important role in both tissue homeostasis and tissue regeneration. Stem cells are typically quiescent or passing slowly through the cell cycle in adult tissues, but they can be activated in response to cell loss and wounding. A series of studies, mostly performed in Drosophila as well as in Hydra, Xenopus, and mouse, has revealed an unexpected role of apoptotic caspases in the production of mitogenic signals that stimulate the proliferation of stem and progenitor cells to aid in tissue regeneration. This Review summarizes some of the key findings and discusses links to stem cell biology and cancer.
Fluorescence imaging of flowing cells using a temporally coded excitation (2013)

Imaging fluorescence in moving cells is fundamentally challenging because the exposure time is constrained by motion-blur, which limits the available signal. We report a method to image fluorescently labeled leukemia cells in fluid flow that has an effective exposure time of up to 50 times the motion-blur limit. Flowing cells are illuminated with a pseudo-random excitation pulse sequence, resulting in a motion-blur that can be computationally removed to produce near diffraction-limited images. This method enables observation of cellular organelles and their behavior in a fluid environment that resembles the vasculature.