gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Auxin Transport Inhibitors (1977)

The structural requirements of a proposed class of auxin transport inhibitors have been shown to be very similar to those required to inhibit the cress (Lepidium sativum) root geotropic response. A 2-carboxyphenyl group separated by a conjugated system of atoms from a second aromatic ring appears to be necessary for a molecule to have high activity.
Analysis of wireless data networks with retransmission diversity combining in a cluttered environment (2002)

An adaptive retransmission diversity combining scheme is investigated for both the slotted and unslotted random access packet-switched code division multiple access networks over a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel. Multiple received noisy packets are combined on a bit by bit basis to form a single, more reliable packet. A novel mechanism to ensure a reliable packet combining operation is outlined. It is shown that packet combining is an effective mechanism for enhancing the network throughput and delay performance of the conventional DS/CDMA ALOHA, while sustaining a reasonable receiver complexity. This scheme is highly advantageous for systems which can tolerate a certain delay and operate over highly time-varying channels. We also examine the sensitivity of the system performance to the packet header failure rate and in the presence of feedback channel errors.
Hexachlorodisilane as a Precursor in the LPCVD of Silicon Dioxide and Silicon Oxynitride Films (1989)

Films of silicon dioxide and silicon oxynitride were grown by LPCVD using gas‐phase mixtures of , , and in the temperature range 550°–850°C. The activation energy for deposition was 29 kcal/mole. Under comparable pressure and temperature conditions, growth rates of from were at least three times higher than those obtained using or . The effect of temperature and reactant flow ratios on film composition, stress, refractive index, etch rate, and uniformity were studied, and these properties were found to be comparable to those in films deposited from and . The effect of ratio on physical properties was investigated for oxynitride films. The dependence of these properties on film composition was the same regardless of the CVD reactant mixture used. However, the to oxidant ratio required to obtain a specific film composition was strongly influenced by the oxidant and silicon precursor used. Comparisons are made to the LPCVD systems: , , and .
Ueber Ester aromatischer Arsenverbindungen (der p‐Benzarsinsäure) mit Aminosäuren und höheren Alkoholen (1916)

Ueber Ester aromatischer
A SNP of bacterial blc disturbs gut lysophospholipid homeostasis and induces inflammation through epithelial barrier disruption (2020)

Our results identified a novel bacterial gene, blc, in E. coli that regulates host gut integrity and immunity. FUND: The Ministry of Science and Technology of China; the National Natural Science Foundation of China; and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province.
A P2P File Sharing Network Topology Formation Algorithm Based on Social Network Information (2009)

This paper applies the theory of social networks to P2P systems, creating a social-network-based P2P network topology formation algorithm for file sharing. The algorithm extends the Gnutella P2P file sharing technology, which uses super nodes for searching and for relaying shared files between network leafs that are located behind Firewalls/NATs. The topology of the P2P network is based on the actual social relationship between peers (users). The idea is that users are willing to contribute their resources to a P2P network if they know that their resources directly benefit their friends and family. Following this approach, free-riding in P2P networks will be avoided by not providing better-than-basic service if peers do not reveal their social relationships. Within the paper, we simulate the proposed topology formation algorithm, considering the real characteristics of the Gnutella P2P network and realistic network topologies. The simulation shows the effectiveness of the topology formation algorithm and the high utility of nodes under this new file sharing scheme.
Programmable shift registers for numerical multiplication (1974)

A programmable shift register using ‘modulo 2’ or (non-carrying) binary arithmetic is briefly described. The additional problems of making a programmable shift register for numerical binary arithmetic are examined in some detail. An experimental programmable shift register made from standard integrated circuits is described together with performance tests. Various uses of the device are suggested. Its use as a coefficient multiplier in a computer using serial digital techniques where analogue techniques were previously used is examined.
Thiol-Functionalized Block Copolymer Vesicles (2012)

Thiol-functionalized block copolymer vesicles are readily prepared via RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). More specifically, a disulfide-functionalized poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) macro-CTA is chain-extended using 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate): the growing water-insoluble poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) chains drive in situ self-assembly to produce diblock copolymer vesicles in concentrated aqueous solution. The disulfide bonds in the poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) stabilizer chains are reductively cleaved in situ using either tributyl phosphine or tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine to generate thiol groups, which react immediately with either a quaternary acrylate to introduce cationic character or with rhodamine B acrylate or rhodamine B isothiocyanate to confer a convenient fluorescent tag. In addition to such facile derivatization, such thiol-functionalized vesicles may offer some potential for drug delivery applications, because enhanced muco-adhesion is anticipated for these nano-objects.
Introduction (2006)

Moore’s Law predicts a decrease by a factor of two in the feature size of CMOS technology every three years and has been valid for years. It implies a doubling of the operation speed and a four times higher transistor count per unit of area, every three years. The combination leads to an eight times higher processing capability per unit of area. This on-going miniaturization allows the integration of complex electronic systems with millions of transistors (Very-Large-Scale-Integration) and enables the integration of electronic systems.
Cutting Edge: Critical Role for Mesothelial Cells in Necrosis-Induced Inflammation through the Recognition of IL-1α Released from Dying Cells (2008)

Endogenous danger signals released from necrotic cells are thought to be sensed by phagocytes leading to secretion of IL-1alpha and neutrophilic recruitment. However, the mechanisms for IL-1alpha production and IL-1alpha-mediated sterile inflammation remain poorly understood. We report here that necrotic cell extracts elicited little secretion of CXCL1 and IL-6 from macrophages but robust production in mesothelial cells. The induction of CXCL1 as well as activation of NF-kappaB and MAPKs by cytosolic extracts required the presence of IL-1alpha in the necrotic cell. Conversely, expression of IL-1R and MyD88 but not IL-1alpha, RICK, TLR2, TLR4, TRIF, or inflammasome components in mesothelial cells was critical for the production of CXCL1. Furthermore, IL-1alpha was critical to induce the recruitment of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity via CXCR2. These studies show that IL-1alpha is a key danger signal released from necrotic cells to trigger CXCL1 secretion and recruitment of neutrophils via IL-1R/MyD88 on neighboring mesothelial cells.
Cyclin D1 overexpression is a negative predictive factor for tamoxifen response in postmenopausal breast cancer patients (2004)

Antioestrogen treatment by tamoxifen is a well-established adjuvant therapy for oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) positive breast cancer. Despite ERalpha expression some tumours do not respond to tamoxifen and we therefore delineated the potential link between the cell cycle regulator and ERalpha co-factor, cyclin D1, and tamoxifen response in a material of 167 postmenopausal breast cancers arranged in a tissue array. The patients had been randomised to 2 years of tamoxifen treatment or no treatment and the median follow-up time was 18 years. Interestingly in the 55 strongly ERalpha positive samples with moderate or low cyclin D1 levels, patients responded to tamoxifen treatment whereas the 46 patients with highly ERalpha positive and cyclin D1 overexpressing tumours did not show any difference in survival between tamoxifen and no treatment. Survival in untreated patients with cyclin D1 high tumours was slightly better than for patients with cyclin D1 low/moderate tumours. However, there was a clearly increased risk of death in the cyclin D1 high group compared to an age-matched control population. Our results suggest that cyclin D1 overexpression predicts for tamoxifen treatment resistance in breast cancer, which is line with recent experimental data using breast cancer cell lines and overexpression systems.
Research and implementation of an improved Reed decoding algorithm (2003)

Reed-Muller code is a kind of decomposable code which can be decoded with multi-stage decoding. In this paper, we first analyze the theory of Reed-Muller coding and introduce a decoding Reed algorithm, which can recover information from received codes without obvious computation of syndrome. An improved Reed decoding algorithm is proposed, which can greatly reduce the complexity of producing a checksum. DSP implementation of a Reed-Muller codec is then presented.
Exploiting Favorable Silicone—Protein Interactions: Stabilization against Denaturation at Oil—Water Interfaces (2003)

Water-in-silicone oil emulsions were prepared using either silicone surfactants containing pendant polyethylene oxide (PEO) side chains (DC3225C) or terminal Si(OEt)3 groups. The aqueous solutions contained either the enzymes α-chymotrypsin or alkaline phosphatase (DC3225C emulsions) or the surface active protein human serum albumin (TES-PDMS emulsions). Labelled albumin was shown to reside almost exclusively at the oil/water interface in the emulsion. The activity of the enzymes was followed over time by first breaking the emulsion and then performing standard enzyme assays on the aqueous phase. The enzymes were observed to undergo denaturation, as measured by reduced enzymatic activity, as a result of the mechanical energy used to make and break the emulsion. However, the rate of enzyme denaturation in the emulsions was lower than that observed for the aqueous control which had not been exposed to silicone. These results are consistent with favorable interactions between PEO or Si(OEt)3 groups (or hydrolytic byproducts in the latter case) and the proteins that not only stabilize the interface of a water-in-oil emulsion, but also the protein, which normally would otherwise undergo efficient denaturation in the presence of silicone oil.
Unison micro-optic security film (2004)

Unison is a new class of highly counterfeit and simulation resistant micro-optic security films that provide a wide range of overt, unique, and highly visible three-dimensional and fluidic motion visual effects for currency, document, and product authentication by the general public. Unlike holograms, interference films, and diffractive OVDs, Unison incorporates micron-scale geometrical optic systems to create synthetic images that exhibit striking visual effects that are independent of illumination angle and collimation. Unison presents a pattern of visually dynamic, non-holographic, colored images that are seen against either a transparent or an opaque background. These images can be designed to either float above the surface, appear beneath the surface, or appear in the plane of the surface and to move in a counter-intuitive ortho-parallactic manner. Unison can be used as a laminate over print without obscuring it; the Unison images appear to move within, under, or over the print. Unison images can be viewed under all lighting conditions from any azimuthal angle and from a wide range of elevation angles. This new material is highly resistant to counterfeiting because it is an all-polymer multi-layer film that contains no metallized layers and its non-diffractive optical elements are based on proprietary origination, tooling, and manufacturing processes.
Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Case–Control Studies (2011)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variants in the human genome. SNPs are known to modify susceptibility to complex diseases. We describe and discuss methods used to identify SNPs associated with disease in case-control studies. An outline on study population selection, sample collection and genotyping platforms is presented, complemented by SNP selection, data preprocessing and analysis.
3D-2D-3D photonic crystal heterostructures fabricated by direct laser writing (2006)

Using direct laser writing, we fabricate photoresist templates for 3D-2D-3D photonic crystal heterostructures for what we believe to be the first time. The optical properties of these structures are directly compared with the theoretical ideal, revealing good agreement and hence good sample quality. This provides an experimental starting point for the microfabrication and testing of broadband, 3D air-waveguide microcircuitry in photonic bandgap materials.
Synthesis and Characterization of 11C-Labeled Fluoroclorgyline: A Monoamine Oxidase A Specific Inhibitor for Positron Emission Tomography. (1993)

A new radioligand for monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A), [11C]fluoroclorgyline, was synthesized from its desmethyl precursor by N-methylation reaction using [11C]methyl iodide with a radiochemical yield of 75-85%. The radiochemical purity of the product was more than 99% and the specific radioactivity was 7.4-18.5 GBq/micromol. The in vivo tissue distribution studies of [11C]fluoroclorgyline in mice demonstrated its high initial uptake and prolonged retention in the brain, comparable to those of [11C]clorgyline. A selective interaction with MAO-A in the accumulation of [11C]fluorclorgyline was confirmed by a competition experiment performed with the MAO-A specific inhibitor,clorgyline, and MAO-B specific inhibitor, l-deprenyl. These very desirable characteristics of [11C]fluoroclorgyline suggested that its 18F labeled counterpart, [18F]fluoroclorgyline, would have great potential as a longer-lived alternative to 11C labeled clorgyline for in vivo studies of MAO-A in the human brain with positron emission tomography (PET).
Optimal seek trajectory generation for a hard disk drive using adaptive filtering (2006)

A method to generate an optimal seek trajectory for a hard disk drive using an adaptive filtering technique is presented. The method minimizes seek-settling vibrations induced by the actuator vibration modes while maintaining the maximum control input. The cost function to minimize is a sum of square error of the position error signal at settling. Since the error equation is quadratic, a simple least-square algorithm can generate an optimal trajectory and the global optimum is guaranteed. The seek time overhead compared to bang-bang control is characterized by the order of the resulting FIR filter, which is dependent on target specifications, actuator characteristics, and the feedback controller. The method is also applicable to generation of a seek trajectory that is robust against the plant parameter variations. Reduction of the filter complexity is also considered by introducing an IIR filter
Micelle-Encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes:  A Route to Nanotube Composites (2003)

We report a general approach toward dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in solvents and polymer materials, by encapsulating SWNTs within cross-linked micelles. Micelles made from polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA), an amphiphilic block copolymer, are first assembled around SWNTs by gradually adding H2O to a suspension of nanotubes in dimethylformamide. The hydrophilic, outer shells of these micelles are then chemically cross-linked with a difunctional linker molecule. Pure encapsulated SWNTs (e-SWNTs) can then be separated from empty cross-linked micelles by consecutive cycles of centrifugation and redispersion. Atomic force and transmission electron microscopies of the resulting nanostructures demonstrate that individual nanotubes (rather than bundles) have been completely encased in polymer shells whose thickness is slightly larger than that of empty micelles. e-SWNTs encapsulated in PS-b-PAA can be permanently redispersed in H2O, in organic solvents, and in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer matrices with minimal sonication. Micelle encapsulation could improve the compositing of SWNTs in a wide variety of polymer materials for structural, electronic, and thermal applications.
Inhibition of biomaterial‐induced complement activation attenuates the inflammatory host response to implantation (2013)

Although complement is a known contributor to biomaterial-induced complications, pathological implications and therapeutic options remain to be explored. Here we investigated the involvement of complement in the inflammatory response to polypropylene meshes commonly used for hernia repair. In vitro assays revealed deposition of complement activation fragments on the mesh after incubation in plasma. Moreover, significant mesh-induced complement and granulocyte activation was observed in plasma and leukocyte preparations, respectively. Pretreatment of plasma with the complement inhibitor compstatin reduced opsonization >2-fold, and compstatin and a C5a receptor antagonist (C5aRa) impaired granulocyte activation by 50 and 67%, respectively. We established a clinically relevant mouse model of implantation and could confirm deposition of C3 activation fragments on mesh implants in vivo using immunofluorescence. In meshes extracted after subcutaneous or peritoneal implantation, the amount of immune cell infiltrate in mice deficient in key complement components (C3, C5aR), or treated with C5aRa, was approximately half of that observed in wild-type littermates or mice treated with inactive C5aRa, respectively. Our data suggest that implantation of a widely used surgical mesh triggers the formation of an inflammatory cell microenvironment at the implant site through complement activation, and indicates a path for the therapeutic modulation of implant-related complications.
Experimental annotation of the human pathogen Candida albicans coding and noncoding transcribed regions using high-resolution tiling arrays (2010)

In summary, we provide a comprehensive expression atlas that covers relevant C. albicans pathogenic developmental stages in addition to the discovery of new ORF and non-coding genetic elements.
The Archimedes 2 mechanical assembly planning system (2002)

We describe the implementation and performance of Archimedes 2, an integrated mechanical assembly planning system. Archimedes 2 includes two planners, two assembly sequence animation facilities, and an associated robotic workcell. Both planners use fully 3 dimensional data. A rudimentary translator from high level assembly plans to control code for the robotic workcell has also been implemented. We can translate data from a commercial CAD system into input data for the system, which has allowed us to plan assembly sequences for many industrial assemblies. Archimedes 2 has been used to plan sequences for assemblies consisting of 5 to 109 parts. We have also successfully taken a CAD model of an assembly, produced an optimized assembly sequence for it, and translated the plan into robot code, which successfully assembles the device specified in the model.
High efficiency gallium arsenide solar cells using Indium-Tin-Oxide nano-columns (2008)

An array of conductive Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) nano-columns is deposited on GaAs solar cells using the oblique-angle electron-beam deposition method. Calculations based on a rigorous coupled-wave analysis method show that such ITO nano-columns offer superior angular and spectral anti-reflective (AR) properties. The optical characteristics of the ITO nano-columns are described. The conversion efficiency of GaAs solar cells with ITO nano-columns as the AR coating is increased by 23%, mainly limited by the quantum efficiency at the wavelengths below 600nm.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals key gene expression differences between the human and bovine pathogens of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (2007)

Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex show distinct host preferences, yet the molecular basis for this tropism is unknown. Comparison of the M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis genome sequences revealed no unique genes in the bovine pathogen per se, indicating that differences in gene expression may play a significant role in host predilection. To define the key gene expression differences between M. tuberculosis and M. bovis we have performed transcriptome analyses of cultures grown under steady-state conditions in a chemostat. This revealed that the human and bovine pathogens show differential expression of genes encoding a range of functions, including cell wall and secreted proteins, transcriptional regulators, PE/PPE proteins, lipid metabolism and toxin-antitoxin pairs. Furthermore, we probed the gene expression response of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis to an acid-shock perturbation which triggered a notably different expression response in the two strains. Through these approaches we have defined a core gene set that shows differential expression between the human and bovine tubercle bacilli, and the biological implications are discussed.
Embryonic vasculogenesis by endothelial precursor cells derived from lung mesenchyme (2000)

During development, the lung mesenchyme has a dynamic relationship with the branching airway. Embryonic lung mesenchyme is loosely packed and composed of indistinguishable cells, yet it is the source of vascular progenitors that will become endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. In the lung, vessel development in the periphery proceeds first through vasculogenesis, the migration and assembly of cells into a primitive network, and subsequently, through angiogenesis, the sprouting of vessels from this network. As a way to assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms of lung vascularization, we have isolated and cloned cell lines from mouse fetal lung mesenchyme (MFLM). Two of these MFLM cell lines, MFLM-4 and MFLM-91U, display characteristics of an endothelial lineage. RNA analysis demonstrates transcripts for the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors R1 and R2, the receptor tyrosine kinases, Tie-1 and Tie-2, as well as the Tie-2 ligands, Ang-1 and -2. The MFLM cell lines form extensive networks of capillary-like structures with lumens when cultured on a reconstituted basement membrane. In vivo, following blastocyst injection, the MFLM cells chimerize endothelium of the lung and areas of the heart vasculature. The results from these studies suggest that MFLM-4 and MFLM-91U, derived from embryonic lung mesenchyme, can function in vitro and in vivo as endothelial precursors and as models of cardiopulmonary vascularization. Dev Dyn 2000;217:11-23.
EINFACHE ABSCHAETZUNG DER EIGENFREQUENZEN KOMBINIERTER HAENGE- UND SCHRAEGSEILBRUECKEN (1997)

Es wird gezeigt, wie einfach die Eigenfrequenzen kombinierter Haenge- und Schraegseilbruecken, von einer ergaenzten Biegefederzahl ausgehend, abgeschaetzt werden koennen. (A*)