gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RG-2 glioma growth attenuation and severe brain edema caused by local production of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma. (1995)

Two aspects of cytokine therapy of intracerebral tumors are considered in this study: modulation of tumor growth in vivo and central nervous system toxicity. Coimplantation of RG-2 glioma cells and retroviral vector producer cell lines was performed to provide a local source of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IFN-gamma within the tumor and coinitiate an antitumor immune response. We demonstrated that local intratumoral production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma generates a cell-mediated antitumor response in vivo. This response was manifest as a diffuse infiltration of monocytes/macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and activation of microglial OX42+ cells in intracerebral RG2 tumors. The cell-mediated antitumor immune response resulted in the early suppression of intracranial and subcutaneous tumor growth, but the effect was not sustained and there were no tumor regressions. The absence of increased survival of animals with intracranial tumors is explained in part by the severe central nervous system toxicity caused by local production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Central nervous system toxicity induced blood-brain barrier disruption, vasogenic brain edema, and dislocation of the brain midline structures, as observed by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging and direct measurements of tissue water content. The clinical application of IL-2 and IFN-gamma gene transfer therapy for intracerebral tumors must consider the potential for severe vasogenic brain edema associated with intracerebral production of these cytokines.
NDE of wood-based composites with longitudinal stress waves (1988)

Utilisation des ondes de contrainte pour l'evaluation non destructive des proprietes de traction, de flexion et de liaison interne de divers types de panneaux de particules a une ou plusieurs couches
Using a Situational Method Engineering Approach to Identify Reusable Method Fragments from the Secure TROPOS Methodology. (2010)

Situational method engineering (SME) has as a focus a repository of method fragments, gleaned from extant methodologies and best practice. Using one such example, the OPF (OPEN Process Framework) repository, we identify deficiencies in the current SME support for securityrelated issues in the context of agent-oriented software engineering. Specifically, theoretical proposals for the development of reusable security-related method fragments from the agent-oriented methodology Secure Tropos are discussed. Since the OPF repository has already been enhanced by fragments from Tropos and other non-security-focussed agent-oriented software development methodologies, the only method fragments from Secure Tropos not already contained in this repository are those that are specifically security-related. These are identified, clearly defined and recommended for inclusion in the current OPF repository of method fragments.
Reinforcement Learning with Limited Reinforcement: Using Bayes Risk for Active Learning in POMDPs. (2008)

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) have succeeded in planning domains that require balancing actions that increase an agent's knowledge and actions that increase an agent's reward. Unfortunately, most POMDPs are defined with a large number of parameters which are difficult to specify only from domain knowledge. In this paper, we present an approximation approach that allows us to treat the POMDP model parameters as additional hidden state in a "model-uncertainty" POMDP. Coupled with model-directed queries, our planner actively learns good policies. We demonstrate our approach on several POMDP problems.
Virtage: Hitachi's Virtualization Technology (2009)

This paper presents Virtage, Hitachipsilas virtualization technology, which enables logical partitioning of server platforms. We describe its key feature: hardware transparency. With the advantage of hardware transparency for logical servers, it is possible to provide the same guest operating system (OS) interface from both physical servers (non-virtualized servers) and logical servers. Virtage is hypervisor-type virtualization, and therefore has a natural performance advantage over host-emulation virtualization offerings because guest OSs can be simply and directly executed on the virtualized environment without host intervention. We demonstrate this lower overhead with performance experiments and explain how Virtage brings mainframe-class virtualization to blade servers.
Sensor-Based Terrain Acquisition: a "Seed Spreader" Strategy (2005)

The problem of terrain acquisition presents one aspect of the more general problem of automatic motion planning in the presence of obstacles. In turn, there is a number of ways to formulate the terrain acquisition problem. We consider a case whereby a mobile robot is required to cover all reachable areas of a finite-size planar terrain populated with a finite number of obstacles of arbitrary shape. The robot is equipped with a “vision” which delivers coordinates of all visible obstacles within a limited radius (radius of vision). The proposed algorithm guarantees convergence and exhibits an upper bound performance quadratic in the perimeters of obstacles in the terrain.
Anomalous Doppler broadening of Hydrogen lines due to excitation by fast neutrals in low pressure Townsend discharges . (2005)

For many years weak Doppler broadened wings were observed in hydrogen lines emitted from low pressure discharges. Explanations were usually related to dissociative processes or excitation by ions. Petrovic and Phelps were the first to perform the measurements in Townsend discharges and by observing the emission along the axis of the discharge two groups of fast particles were observed one going towards the cathode and one away from the cathode. Current dependence ruled out excitation of the fast atoms produced in dissociative charge transfer collisions by electrons. Thus the results could only be explained by excitation by fast neutrals produced either in charge transfer collisions or by neutralization and reflection of ions at the surface. The energies of up to the total available energy (potential fall) were found, though the reflected component had typically 3 times smaller energy. Even more pronounced effects were found at lower E/N in mixtures of hydrogen and argon and methane and argon, though similar effects were observed with other light rare gases. These effects as found in Grimm discharges were studies in great detail by Konjevic and coworkers. In addition, some implications for suspected cold fusion were recently analyzed
High-resolution A/D conversion in MOS/LSI (1979)

A new successive approximation analog-to-digital conversion technique compatible with most MOS process technologies is described. This technique combines a string of equal value diffused resistors and a binary ratioed capacitor array in a unique circuit configuration so that 12-bit monotonicity is achieved with only 8-bit ratio-accurate circuit elements. The comparator is realized by a chopper-stabilized amplifier to reduce the inherently high input offset voltages of MOS amplifiers. Typical performance characteristics taken from a sample of ICs are presented; 12-bit monotonic conversion with differential nonlinearity less than 1/2 LSB is completed in 50 /spl mu/s. The die area, less logic, is 12000 mil/SUP 2/. Because of assured 12-bit monotonicity, this converter should find applications of closed-loop control systems. It seems feasible to extend this technique to 14-bit resolution for use in applications such as digital audio systems.
Multi-phase sleep signal modulation for mode transition noise mitigation in MTCMOS circuits (2012)

Power and ground distribution network noise produced during SLEEP to ACTIVE mode transitions is an important reliability concern in multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) circuits. Different multi-phase sleep signal slew rate modulation techniques for mode transition noise mitigation are investigated in this paper. A triple-phase sleep signal slew rate modulation technique with a novel digital sleep signal generator is proposed. Various important design metrics of different MTCMOS circuits are evaluated under an equal-noise constraint. The proposed digital triple-phase sleep signal slew rate modulation technique increases the overall quality by up to 9.15x and enhances the tolerance to process parameter fluctuations by up to 18x as compared to alternative sleep signal slew rate modulated MTCMOS circuits in a UMC 80nm CMOS technology.
A Survey on Hough Transform, Theory, Techniques and Applications (2015)

For more than half a century, the Hough transform is ever-expanding for new frontiers. Thousands of research papers and numerous applications have evolved over the decades. Carrying out an all-inclusive survey is hardly possible and enormously space-demanding. What we care about here is emphasizing some of the most crucial milestones of the transform. We describe its variations elaborating on the basic ones such as the line and circle Hough transforms. The high demand for storage and computation time is clarified with different solution approaches. Since most uses of the transform take place on binary images, we have been concerned with the work done directly on gray or color images. The myriad applications of the standard transform and its variations have been classified highlighting the up-to-date and the unconventional ones. Due to its merits such as noise-immunity and expandability, the transform has an excellent history, and a bright future as well.
Processing poultry feathers into keratin hydrolysate through alkaline-enzymatic hydrolysis (2010)

Poultry feathers make up for as much as 8.5% of chicken weight and represent a considerable amount of almost pure keratin waste which is not being adequately utilized at the present time. The present study dealt with the processing of poultry feathers through a two-stage alkaline-enzymatic hydrolysis. In the first stage, feathers were mixed with a 0.1 or 0.3% KOH water solution in a 1 : 50 ratio and were incubated at 70°C for 24 h. After adjusting pH to 9, the effects examined in the second processing stage on the amount of degraded feathers were those of proteolytic enzyme additions (1-5%), time (4-8 h) and temperature (50-70°C). Processing feathers in 0.3% KOH and hydrolysing for 8 h in the second stage at 70°C with a 5% dose of enzyme (relative to dry feathers weight) produced approx. 91% degradation. Keratin hydrolysate is distinct for its high nitrogen content and reasonable inorganic solids level. Two-stage technology of alkaline-enzymatic hydrolysing of poultry feathers in an environment of 0.3% KOH achieves high efficiency under quite mild reaction conditions (temperature not exceeding 70°C with pH in a mildly alkaline region), and is feasible from an economic viewpoint. Keratin hydrolysate can find particular application in packaging technology (films, foils and encapsulates).
Fracture Toughness of Zr<SUB>55</SUB>Al<SUB>10</SUB>Ni<SUB>5</SUB>Cu<SUB>30</SUB> Bulk Metallic Glass by 3-Point Bend Testing (2005)

In order to evaluate the fracture toughness of a Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 bulk metallic glass and to identify possible sources associated with data variability of Zr-based metallic glasses, three-point bending (3PB) precracked and notched specimens with thicknesses of 2.0 to 2.9 mm were prepared. Miniaturized 34 specimens were subjected to plane strain fracture toughness tests at room temperature. The measured fracture toughness values are in a range of 35.9–76.2 MPam1⁄2 and 20 specimens satisfy the KIC criterion, the KIC being in a range of 35.9–50.3 MPam1⁄2 with an average of 43.3 MPam1⁄2. No appreciable difference in fracture toughness is observed between the precracked and notched specimens with root radii of 0.06 and 0.13 mm. Whereas the fracture toughness value varies significantly for each of the precracked and notched specimens. Fracture surfaces show not only a vein pattern typical of fully amorphous alloys but also a flower-like pattern which is less resistant to fracture. All specimens with the entire fracture surface of the vein pattern exhibit very high KQ values of 70.0–76.2 MPam1⁄2. The cause of large variability in the fracture toughness data including literature data is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Method for Cleavage of Phosphonic Acid Diesters to Monoesters. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of dislocations in strained Si∕relaxed SiGe layers on n+∕p-junctions in a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor technology (2005)

We present an investigation of junction leakage in highly doped n+∕p-junctions, fabricated in strained silicon/relaxed SiGe substrates. The leakage is shown to scale linearly with the threading dislocation density of the virtual substrate, which allows to estimate minority carrier generation lifetimes in good agreement with literature values. Even the highest-defective substrates in this work give a junction leakage density below 100mA∕cm2, and are not expected to significantly increase the power consumption of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technologies. Threading dislocations will increase the junction leakage by ∼1nA in a small number of transistors in MOSFET circuits, but are not expected to have a negative impact on yield.
Quantitative Methods for Spatially Resolved Adsorption/Desorption Measurements in Real Time by Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (2004)

A simple method for converting local reflectivity changes measured in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microscopy to effective adlayer thicknesses and absolute surface coverages of adsorbed species is presented. For a range of high-contrast angles near the SPR resonance where the local metal surface's reflectivity changes linearly with angle, the change in reflectivity at fixed angle is proportional to the change in effective refractive index (eta(eff)) near the surface. This change in eta(eff) can be converted to absolute adsorbate coverage using methods developed for quantitative SPR spectroscopy. A measurement of the change in reflectivity due to changes in refractive index of bulk solutions, i.e., percent reflectivity change per refractive index unit (RIU), is the only calibration required. Application of this method is demonstrated for protein adsorption onto protein/DNA arrays on gold from aqueous solution using an SPR microscope operating at 633 nm. A detection limit of 0.072% change in absolute reflectivity is found for simultaneous measurements of all 200 microm x 200 microm areas within the 24-mm(2) light beam with 1-s time averaging. This corresponds to a change in effective refractive index of 1.8 x 10(-5) and a detection limit for protein adsorption of 1.2 ng/cm(2) (approximately 0.5 pg in a 200-microm spot). The linear dynamic range is Deltaeta(eff) = approximately 0.011 RIU or approximately 720 ng/cm(2) of adsorbed protein. Using a nearby spot as a reference channel, one can correct for instrumental drift and changes in refractive index of the solutions in the flow cell.
Bradykinin B<sub>1</sub>receptor expression and function on T lymphocytes in active multiple sclerosis (1999)

The authors demonstrate that B1 receptors are upregulated by T lymphocytes during the course of MS and that signaling through this receptor with a B1 agonist can negatively regulate T-cell migration in vitro.
Three-dimensional Culture Model of the Conjunctival Epithelium (2005)

Purpose: To reconstruct a cultured conjunctival equivalent that closely resembles normal conjunctival epithelium in three-dimensional culture systems. Methods: Human conjunctival epithelial cells were cultured on dead de-epidermized dermis in the air-exposed state. After 2 weeks of culture, the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies were performed. The results were compared with those of normal conjunctiva and cultured eyelid skin equivalent. Results: In the cultured conjunctival equivalent, nonkeratinizing stratified epithelium was formed similarly to normal conjunctival epithelium. Keratin 13 was expressed, but not keratin 10, in the cultured conjunctival equivalent, similarly to normal conjunctival epithelium. However, in the cultured eyelid skin equivalent, keratinizing stratified epithelium was formed. In addition, keratin 10 was expressed, but not keratin 13, contrary to those of the cultured conjunctival equivalent. In the cultured conjunctival equivalent, ultrastructurally, keratin intermediate filaments and desmosomes were found. In addition, microvilli were seen in the uppermost epithelial cells. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the cultured conjunctival equivalent resembles normal conjunctival epithelium morphologically, biochemically and ultrastructurally, thereby suggesting that the cultured conjunctival equivalent may have a great potential in the study of conjunctival epithelium.
New approach to microbending fiber optic sensors: varying the spatial frequency (1995)

A new approach to fiber optic microbending sensors is demonstrated, in which the spatial frequency of the bends, rather than of the amplitude, is varied. This scheme has the potential for greatly increased sensitivity, greater flexibility of design, and longer lifetime. The fiber is prebent and embedded in a compliant material, and the spatial frequency is chosen to bias the sensor on the steep slope of the resonance in the loss curve. Compression in the longitudinal direction causes a dramatic change in the transmission. Sensitivity depends on the resonance slope, which is controlled by bend number, bend shape, and bend amplitude. In conventional microbend sensors, friction and abrasion severely limit the number of bends, and the maximum bend amplitudes and bend shapes cannot be controlled. In the new approach, all three parameters can be independently controlled, resulting in greater design flexibility,high sensitivity, and a long sensor life.
High-Efficiency SiGe-BiCMOS $E$ -Band Power Amplifiers Exploiting Current Clamping in the Common-Base Stage (2019)

This paper proposes high-efficiency E-band power amplifiers (PAs) in SiGe-BiCMOS based on a common-base output stage. A comparison between common-emitter and common-base configurations proves the latter yields higher output power, enhanced linear range, and robustness against self-heating issues. Furthermore, the base-emitter junction of the BJT in common base can be exploited to implement the current-mode version of the well-known diode voltage clamper, so that the dc current tracks the signal current. This yields an improvement of efficiency, particularly in power back-off. Two PA designs are described: a single-path, two-stage amplifier and a second version delivering higher output power with transformer-based power combining at minimal efficiency degradation. At 80 GHz, the two PAs deliver 18-and 20.5-dBm OP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1 dB</sub> and 19- and 21.5-dBm P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> . The PAE at OP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1 dB</sub> is 22% and 20%; at 6-dB back-off, it is still 8.5% and 7.2%, respectively. The prototypes demonstrate two- three times higher PAE compared to previously reported silicon PAs with similar output power at the E-band.
A "better than" Nyquist pulse (2001)

A novel ISI-free pulse is presented that has smaller maximum distortion, a more open receiver eye, and a smaller probability of error in the presence of symbol timing error than the Nyquist pulse for the same excess bandwidth.
Control of DNA synthesis in growing BALB/c 3T3 mouse cells by a fibroblast growth regulatory factor (1978)

A cell surface component from quiescent BALB/c 3T3 mouse cells that inhibits DNA synthesis and cell division when added to a culture of growing 3T3 cells has been detected. The inhibition of DNA synthesis by this factor was dependent on concentration and time of incubation; a transient exposure of cells to the factor followed by incubation in its absence for 20 hr was sufficient to elicit its inhibitory effect. The active component appears to be protein in nature, as judged by heat inactivation and trypsin sensitivity. Extracts obtained in an identical manner from quiescent 3T3 cells that had been preincubated in situ with uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) did not inhibit DNA synthesis. The effect was specific for UDP-GlcNAc: incubation with three other nucleotide sugars yielded active component. Incubation of the inactive component from UDP-GlcNAc-treated cells with purified N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in vitro restored its inhibitory property. Extracts from growing cells failed to inhibit DNA synthesis. These results suggest that reversible glycosylation with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues may serve as a regulatory signal for the conversion of the active factor to its inactive form. We propose that the onset of quiescence of 3T3 cells is due to a casual relationship between depletion of growth factors in the culture medium and the presence of the active regulatory factor on the cell surface that inhibits DNA synthesis; conversion of the regulatory factor to its inactive form under favorable nutritional status may be viewed as a switch that allows DNA synthesis to resume.
Fluroxypyr Compatibility with Fenoxaprop for Smooth Crabgrass and White Clover Control in Tall Fescue (2009)

Fenoxaprop effectively controls crabgrass (Digitariaspp.) in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) turf. Antagonism with growth-regulating herbicides reduces potential to apply fenaxoprop in combination with many products for broadleaf weed control. Fluroxypyr is a pyridinoxy acid, broadleaf herbicide which may have potential for use in mixtures with fenoxaprop. Field experiments investigated fenoxaprop efficacy for smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) control when applied alone and in combination with either fluroxypyr or a pre-packaged mixture of 2,4-D, dicamba, and mecoprop (MCPP) in tall fescue. Smooth crabgrass control from mixtures of fenoxaprop and fluroxypyr was similar to fenoxaprop alone. Smooth crabgrass control with mixtures of fenoxaprop with 2,4-D, plus dicamba, plus MCPP was nearly 50% less than fenoxaprop alone. White clover was completely controlled from mixtures of fenoxaprop and fluroxypyr which was similar to fenoxaprop applied with 2,4-D plus dicamba plus MCPP. Tall fescue injury was not detected on any rating date. Results suggest tank mixtures of fenoxaprop and fluroxypyr could provide effective control of smooth crabgrass and white clover in tall fescue.
Discovery of the migrasome, an organelle mediating release of cytoplasmic contents during cell migration (2014)

Cells communicate with each other through secreting and releasing proteins and vesicles. Many cells can migrate. In this study, we report the discovery of migracytosis, a cell migration-dependent mechanism for releasing cellular contents, and migrasomes, the vesicular structures that mediate migracytosis. As migrating cells move, they leave long tubular strands, called retraction fibers, behind them. Large vesicles, which contain numerous smaller vesicles, grow on the tips and intersections of retraction fibers. These fibers, which connect the vesicles with the main cell body, eventually break, and the vesicles are released into the extracellular space or directly taken up by surrounding cells. Since the formation of these vesicles is migration-dependent, we named them "migrasomes". We also found that cytosolic contents can be transported into migrasomes and released from the cell through migrasomes. We named this migration-dependent release mechanism "migracytosis".