gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benthic Substrates: Their Effect on Fresh‐Water Mollusca (1972)

Mollusks have been collected in 650 locations in central New York State since 1966 in order to determine habitat preferences of the various species. Chemical and physical data were recorded at each locality. Three large lakes (Skaneateless, Otsego, and Oneida) were studies in detail to observe patterns of molluscan distribution. The species associated with different bottom types are tabulated. Mollusks are substrate distribution in typical environments are discussed. The lake studies show that definite relationships exist between mollusk distribution and substrate pattern. Species diversity is correlated with substrate diversity (r = 0.79) in 348 collection are that include several biotypes.
Movement of Water as Effected by Free Energy and Pressure Gradients III. Restriction of Solutes by Membranes (1963)

Abstract The validity and method of using the self‐diffusion coefficient of water to estimate movement in response to free energy gradients are outlined. The dominant mechanism of water transport through these membranes is viscous flow, even when osmotic pressure differences are causing the flow. Osmotic pressure and hydraulic pressure differences are equally effective in moving water through a membrane when the solutes are completely restricted by the membrane. When solutes are not completely restricted, osmotic pressure differences are less effective than hydraulic pressure differences in moving water through membranes. Equations including the sizes of the solute molecules and the pores are developed which predict the rate at which osmotic pressure differences move water through uncharged porous media.
Transforming management of tropical coastal seas to cope with challenges of the 21st century (2014)

Over 1.3 billion people live on tropical coasts, primarily in developing countries. Many depend on adjacent coastal seas for food, and livelihoods. We show how trends in demography and in several local and global anthropogenic stressors are progressively degrading capacity of coastal waters to sustain these people. Far more effective approaches to environmental management are needed if the loss in provision of ecosystem goods and services is to be stemmed. We propose expanded use of marine spatial planning as a framework for more effective, pragmatic management based on ocean zones to accommodate conflicting uses. This would force the holistic, regional-scale reconciliation of food security, livelihoods, and conservation that is needed. Transforming how countries manage coastal resources will require major change in policy and politics, implemented with sufficient flexibility to accommodate societal variations. Achieving this change is a major challenge - one that affects the lives of one fifth of humanity.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (Zolinza/vorinostat) sensitizes TRAIL-resistant breast cancer cells orthotopically implanted in BALB/c nude mice (2009)

The purpose of this study was to examine whether histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; Zolinza/vorinostat) could sensitize tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-resistant breast carcinoma in vivo. BALB/c nude mice were orthotopically implanted with TRAIL-resistant MDA-MB-468 cells and treated i.v. with SAHA, TRAIL, or SAHA followed by TRAIL for four times during first 3 weeks. The effects of drugs on tumor growth and markers of apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis were examined. SAHA sensitized TRAIL-resistant xenografts to undergo apoptosis through multiple mechanisms. Whereas TRAIL alone was ineffective, SAHA inhibited growth of MDA-MB-468 xenografts in nude mice by inhibiting markers of tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The sequential treatment of nude mice with SAHA followed by TRAIL was more effective in inhibiting tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis and inducing apoptosis than SAHA alone, without overt toxicity. Treatment of nude mice with SAHA resulted in down-regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB and its gene products (cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9) and up-regulation of DR4, DR5, Bak, Bax, Bim, Noxa, PUMA, p21(CIP1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in tumor cells. Furthermore, control mice showing increased rate of tumor growth had increased numbers of CD31(+) or von Willebrand factor-positive blood vessels and increased circulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-positive endothelial cells compared with SAHA-treated or SAHA plus TRAIL-treated mice. In conclusion, sequential treatment with SAHA followed by TRAIL may target multiple pathways in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis and represents a novel therapeutic approach to treat breast cancer.
Effects of GSK3 inhibitors on in vitro expansion and differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into adipocytes (2008)

These results demonstrated the feasibility of a pharmacological approach to regulate adipose-derived stem cell function and that GSK3 could represent a potential target for controlling adipocyte precursor pool under conditions where fat tissue formation is impaired.
Infrastructure for modular SOC testing (2004)

Large single-die system chips are designed in a modular fashion, including and reusing pre-designed and pre-verified design blocks. Modular testing is required for embedded non-logic modules and black-boxed IP cores. Also, modular testing is attractive for other blocks, as it supports 'divide-n-conquer' test generation and test reuse. Modular testing requires an on-chip infrastructure. This tutorial paper gives insight in the principles behind modular testing and its need for a dedicated on-chip test infrastructure. The paper describes the IEEE standard 1500 test wrapper for embedded modules and the basics of SOC-level test architecture design in relation to test time optimization. In addition, two application examples are given to illustrate current industrial practices.
New and emerging treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias represent a significant and increasing clinical challenge. This review highlights current treatment options for AD and the main focusses of therapies currently being evaluated in clinical trials and for future therapeutic development. Existing treatments slow the progression of symptoms of the disease, but their efficacy does not extend to all people with AD, and benefits are not conveyed beyond an average of 6 months. Despite the substantial economic cost and healthcare burden of AD, which is increasing as populations age, there are currently only three therapies being investigated in Phase III clinical trials. This emphasises the substantial caution and underinvestment in treatment development in this area and why it is critical to address the current lack of effective treatments to target the underlying pathology and disease process in Alzheimer's disease.
Growth and Properties of LPCVD Titanium Nitride as a Diffusion Barrier for Silicon Device Technology (1990)

Chemical vapor deposition has been used to deposit titanium nitride on silicon wafers at low pressures in a cold‐wall single‐wafer reactor. Experiments are reported for pressures in the range of 100–300 mtorr and temperatures between 450°–700°C, with titanium tetrachloride and ammonia as reactants. Both hydrogen and nitrogen are evaluated as diluents. Deposition rates as high as 1000 Å/min have been achieved. The chemical nature of the films are evaluated by Auger and RBS techniques, while the morphology is depicted by SEM. For the most part, the films are stoichiometric and contain small quantities of oxygen, chlorine, and hydrogen. Film resistivities as low as 50 μΩ‐cm are reported. Behavior of the film as a diffusion barrier between silicon (boron doped) and aluminum, at annealing temperatures up to 550°C, is evaluated by measurements of contact resistance and diode leakage.
The Significance of Different Diacylgycerol Synthesis Pathways on Plant Oil Composition and Bioengineering (2012)

The unique properties of vegetable oils from different plants utilized for food, industrial feedstocks, and fuel is dependent on the fatty acid (FA) composition of triacylglycerol (TAG). Plants can use two main pathways to produce diacylglycerol (DAG), the immediate precursor molecule to TAG synthesis: (1) De novo DAG synthesis, and (2) conversion of the membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) to DAG. The FA esterified to PC are also the substrate for FA modification (e.g., desaturation, hydroxylation, etc.), such that the FA composition of PC-derived DAG can be substantially different than that of de novo DAG. Since DAG provides two of the three FA in TAG, the relative flux of TAG synthesis from de novo DAG or PC-derived DAG can greatly affect the final oil FA composition. Here we review how the fluxes through these two alternate pathways of DAG/TAG synthesis are determined and present evidence that suggests which pathway is utilized in different plants. Additionally, we present examples of how the endogenous DAG synthesis pathway in a transgenic host plant can produce bottlenecks for engineering of plant oil FA composition, and discuss alternative strategies to overcome these bottlenecks to produce crop plants with designer vegetable oil compositions.
Hydrogen Abstraction by Benzophenone Studied by Holographic Photochemistry - Correction (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleHydrogen Abstraction by Benzophenone Studied by Holographic Photochemistry - CorrectionChr Brauchle, D Burland, and G BjorklundCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 5, 618Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online2 July 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150605a600https://doi.org/10.1021/j150605a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views24Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
KWS-3: The New (Very) Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument Based on Focusing-Mirror Optics (2005)

Ultra-small angle (U-SANS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments are performed by two different types of instruments to cover a combined Q-range from ≈10−5Å−1 up to ≈1Å−1. Bonse-Hart cameras (double crystal diffractometers) are used for U-SANS experiments, whereas the “standard” SANS experiment is performed using a pinhole camera. In principle, the Q-range of both instrument classes overlaps. Typical U-SANS instruments like S18 (ILL), PCD (NIST), or DKD (FZJ) may reach maximum Q-vectors of ≈5 × 10−3. The disadvantage of these instruments is that they do not allow taking a full area image on a 2D position sensitive detector. On the other hand, the well-known pinhole instrument D11 at Institut Laue-Langevin (France) reaches a minimum Q-vector of 5 × 10−4Å−1 by use of large wavelengths and sample-to-detector distances (≈40m).
In vitro synthesis of the tryptophan operon leader peptides of Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and Salmonella typhimurium. (1983)

We used an in vitro DNA-dependent protein-synthesizing system to demonstrate de novo synthesis of the leader peptide specified by the tryptophan (trp) operons of several bacterial species. Peptide synthesis was directed by self-ligated short restriction fragments containing the trp promoter and leader regions. Synthesis of leader peptides was established by demonstrating that they were labeled in vitro only by those amino acids predicted to be present in the peptides. Leader peptide synthesis was abolished by the addition of the Escherichia coli trp repressor. The E. coli trp leader peptide was found to be extremely labile in vitro; it had a half-life of 3-4 min. In a highly purified DNA-dependent peptide-synthesizing system, synthesis of the di- and tripeptides predicted from the Salmonella typhimurium trp operon leader sequence, fMet-Ala and fMet-Ala-Ala, also was observed. Using this dipeptide synthesis system, we demonstrated that translation initiation at the ribosome binding site used for trp leader peptide synthesis was reduced 10-fold when the transcript contained a segment complementary to the ribosome binding site.
Distortion analysis of MOS track-and-hold sampling mixers using time-varying Volterra series (1999)

A time-varying theory of Volterra series is developed and applied in the sampled-data domain to solve for harmonic and intermodulation distortion of a MOS-based track-and-hold sampling mixer with a nonzero fall-time LO waveform. Distortion due to sampling error is also calculated. These results, when combined with the continuous-time solution, quantify harmonic and intermodulation distortion of a track-and-hold type mixer completely. Closed form solutions are obtained. As a practical consequence, it is shown that for certain fall-time, the distortion of track-and-hold mixers can be better than what would be predicted by a simple application of time-invariant Volterra series theory.
A High Efficiency DC-DC Converter Using 2nH On-Chip Inductors (2007)

Historically buck converters have relied on high-Q inductors on the order of 1 to 100μH to achieve high efficiency. In this paper we exploit on-chip magnetic coupling in the proposed stacked interleaved topology to enable high efficiency buck converters to be realized with 2 nH moderate-Q on-chip inductors. The measured conversion efficiency for a prototype circuit implemented in a 130-nm CMOS technology was over double that of a linear converter for low output voltages rising to a peak value of 77.9% for a 0.9V output.
Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans sp. nov., a novel alkaliphile exhibiting high catalase activity (2004)

A novel alkaliphile was isolated from a drain of a fish processing plant. The isolate grew at a pH range of 7-10. Cells were Gram-positive, facultatively aerobic, motile rods with peritrichous flagella. Colonies were orange or yellow in colour. Catalase and oxidase reactions were positive. The isolate grew in 0-12 % NaCl but not above 15 % NaCl. Its cell extract exhibited 567 times higher catalase activity than an Escherichia coli cell extract. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(13 : 0), anteiso-C(13 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(17 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0) and iso-C(17 : 1). Its DNA G+C content was 46.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain T-2-2(T) is a member of the genus Exiguobacterium. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low relatedness of the isolate to several phylogenetic neighbours (less than 25 %). On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic data and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as a novel species, for which the name Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T-2-2(T) (=JCM 12280(T)=NCIMB 13980(T)).
Urine flavonoids and plasma carotenoids in the validation of fruit, vegetable and tea intake during pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) (2007)

The validation study shows that the MoBa FFQ can be used to estimate fruit, juice, vegetable and tea intake in pregnant Norwegian women, and to rank individuals within the distribution.
Comparative mycobactericidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants in suspension and carrier tests (1988)

The efficacy of nine disinfectants on Mycobacterium smegmatis was tested in the presence of sputum, using quantitative suspension and carrier tests. Glutaraldehyde, povidone iodine, and chlorhexidine gluconate produced at least a 6-log10 reduction in CFU in all tests. Four disinfectants (sodium dichloroisocyanurate, phenol, ethanol, and sodium hypochlorite) were not as effective in the carrier tests as in the suspension tests; this difference ranged from a 1- to a 5-log10 reduction in CFU. The efficacy of ethanol and sodium hypochlorite was further reduced (3- and 1-log10 reductions in CFU, respectively) in the presence of sputum. The quaternary ammonium compound and iodophor were ineffective in all tests. The findings of this study demonstrate the need for a quantitative carrier test such as the one presented here.
Basic Principles of Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1992)

Crystal growth processes in general and epitaxy in particular are often discussed in terms three disciplines: thermodynamics, mass transport and hydrodynamics, and chemical reaction kinetics. This paper will concentrate on two of these, the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE). Three major influences of thermodynamics will be discussed: (1) Thermodynamics defines the driving force and hence the upper limit of growth rate. This occurs only when all reactants in the system are allowed to equilibrate with the substrate. (2) Thermodynamics often controls stoichiometry and the solid composition of alloys. An understanding of thermodynamic and kinetic constraints leads to the ability to grow metastable alloys. (3) The driving force for phase separation and/or ordering into natural superlattice structures during growth is also governed by thermodynamics. The actual ordered structures observed are dependent on the surface kinetics. This aspect of kinetics will be addressed in addition to the kinetics of both homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions occurring for a variety of precursor molecules. Each of these topics is addressed in terms of fundamental concepts, with examples from recent research on the OMVPE growth of III/V semiconductor compounds and alloys.
Low Stress Oxide‐Polysilicon Sandwiched Microbridges (1992)

Residual stresses in thin films have an important bearing on the formation of free‐standing microstructures using conventional silicon technology. Thermal processing constraints become even more restrictive when multilayer composite microstructures are required. We report here on the fabrication of silicon dioxide‐polysilicon‐silicon dioxide microbridges with low residual stresses on crystalline silicon substrates using appropriate annealing procedures and an anisotropic etch.
Directionality of Polypeptide Transfer in the Mitochondrial Pathway of Chaperone-Mediated Protein Folding (1998)

Protein folding in mitochondria depends on the functional cooperation of the Hsp70 and Hsp60 chaperone systems, at least for a subset of mitochondrial polypeptides. As suggested previously, Hsp70 and Hsp60 act sequentially. However, recent proposals that the chaperonin Hsp60 functions by releasing substrate protein in an unfolded state would predict a lateral partitioning of folding intermediates between chaperone systems. Firefly luciferase, carrying a mitochondrial targeting signal, was used as a model protein to analyze the degree of coupling and the directionality of substrate transfer between the Hsp70 and Hsp60 chaperones. In vitro, Hsp60 binds unfolded luciferase with high affinity but is unable to promote its folding, whereas the Hsp70 system assists the folding of luciferase efficiently. Upon import into yeast mitochondria, luciferase interacted first with Hsp70. Surprisingly, most of the protein subsequently accumulated in a complex with Hsp60 and never reached the native state. Import into mitochondria that lack a functional Hsp60 did not result in increased folding, but in the aggregation of luciferase. Thus, in intact organelles the two chaperone systems do not function independently in de novo folding of aggregation-sensitive proteins but rather act in an ordered pathway with substrate transfer predominantly in the direction from Hsp70 to Hsp60.
IN VITRO CULTURE OF WHEAT TISSUES. I. CALLUS FORMATION, ORGAN REDIFFERENTIATION AND SINGLE CELL CULTURE (1969)

Callus induction, organ formation from callus and single callus cell culture have been tried in wheat. Though kinetin showed no effects, supplements of 2,4-D (1~10mg/1) or IAA (50mg/1) to the basal media induced calluses from seedling roots of einkorn, emmer and common wheats, and from stem pieces of common wheat. The best callus growth was obtained when casein hydrolysate (1g/1) or coconut milk (1%) was added to the basal media. Callus growth was also vigorous when 2,4-D (0.5~2.0mg/1) was added. Root formation from callus took place in all kinds of tested media, except those containing no growth factors or supplemented with 2,4-D at high concentrations (1~5mg/1). Shoot formation occurred in six cases and no growth factors were found to be specifically effective on shoot differentiation. Two plants were restored and reached maturity. Calluses of common wheat consisted of eudiploid and aneuploid cells at almost the same frequencies. The great majority of aneuploid cells had 42 ± 3 chromosomes. The restored plants showed normal chromosome constitution. Single callus-cell suspensions were obtained by the liquid culture of seeds in a shaker. A filtrate of the single cell suspension was plated on a solid agar medium, and some colonies were formed. However, plating efficiency was very low and colony growth was slow.
There Is No Fat in Heaven (2003)

Research Article| November 01 2003 There Is No Fat in Heaven CAROLINE BANKS CAROLINE BANKS Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Gastronomica (2003) 3 (4): 13. https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2003.3.4.13 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation CAROLINE BANKS; There Is No Fat in Heaven. Gastronomica 1 November 2003; 3 (4): 13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2003.3.4.13 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentGastronomica Search This content is only available via PDF. ©© 2003 BY THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.2003 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
High temperature wafer bonding technique for the realization of a voltage and current bidirectional IGBT (2011)

For applications requiring voltage and current bidirectional switches like the matrix converter application, the bidirectional switch can be obtained by associating unidirectional switches. However, this arrangement leads to an increase of the on-state voltage drop and increases the circuit complexity. In order to overcome these drawbacks, it is necessary to design a monolithically integrated MOS controlled current and voltage bidirectional switch. This paper focuses on the monolithically integrated bidirectional IGBT. This well known structure consists of MOS sections on each side of the wafer. The difficulty with this structure mainly resides in its realization and control. This paper is an attempt to demonstrate the feasibility of a bidirectional IGBT using a double side photolithography technique on one hand and proposes a high temperature bonding technique that could be used for the realization of a bidirectional IGBT using the Si/Si wafer bonding technique on the other hand.