gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-View Image Generation from a Single-View (2018)

How to generate multi-view images with realistic-looking appearance from only a single view input is a challenging problem. In this paper, we attack this problem by proposing a novel image generation model termed VariGANs, which combines the merits of the variational inference and the Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). It generates the target image in a coarse-to-fine manner instead of a single pass which suffers from severe artifacts. It first performs variational inference to model global appearance of the object (e.g., shape and color) and produces coarse images of different views. Conditioned on the generated coarse images, it then performs adversarial learning to fill details consistent with the input and generate the fine images. Extensive experiments conducted on two clothing datasets, MVC and DeepFashion, have demonstrated that the generated images with the proposed VariGANs are more plausible than those generated by existing approaches, which provide more consistent global appearance as well as richer and sharper details.
Novel Approaches to the Synthesis of Fluorodinitromethane and Fluorodinitroethanol (1993)

Abstract : Fluorodinitroethanol (FDNE) is a basic building block for energetic plasticizers and binders. Without compromising thermal stability, FDNE provides greater energy content than dinitropropanol, which has been used in large quantities for manufacture of plasticizers. However, the current production cost limits use of FDNE to special applications, and there is a need for a new, low cost production method. Readily available, inexpensive FDNE and derivative compounds could be used to improve the performance of rocket propellants and explosives. Fluorodinitroethanol (FDNE) has been produced without the use of elemental fluorine. Nitration of 1,2-dichlorodifluoroethylene gave chlorofluoronitroacetic acid, which was converted to chlorofluoronitrosomethane with red fuming nitric acid and water. Oxidation of the nitroso compound gave chlorofluorodinitromethane, which was reduced to FDNE with iodide in the presence of formaldehyde.
Spatially resolved, diffuse reflectance imaging for subsurface pattern visualization toward development of a lensless imaging platform: phantom experiments (2016)

A portable, spatially resolved, diffuse reflectance lensless imaging technique based on the chargecoupled device or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor sensor directly coupled to the fiber optic bundle is proposed for visualization of subsurface structures such as superficial microvasculature in the epithelium. We discuss an experimental method for emulating a lensless imaging setup via raster scanning a single fiber-optic cable over a microfluidic phantom containing periodic hemoglobin absorption contrast. To evaluate the ability of the technique to recover information about the subsurface linear structures, scattering layers formed of the Sylgard 184 Silicone Elastomer and titanium dioxide were placed atop the microfluidic phantom. Thickness of the layers ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 mm, and the values of the reduced scattering coefficient ( 0 s ) were between 0.85 and 4.25 mm -1 . The results demonstrate that fiber-optic, lensless platform can be used for two-dimensional imaging of absorbing inclusions in diffuse reflectance mode. In these experiments, it was shown that diffuse reflectance imaging can provide sufficient spatial sampling of the phantom for differentiation of 30 m structural features of the embedded absorbing pattern inside the scattering media.
Intracellular Distribution and Late Endosomal Effects of the Ocular Albinism Type 1 Gene Product: Consequences of Disease‐Causing Mutations and Implications for Melanosome Biogenesis (2001)

To investigate the function of ocular albinism type 1 (OA1), the gene responsible for X-linked ocular albinism, we employed a construct containing murine Oa1 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a heterologous COS cell expression system. The cellular distribution of wild-type (WT) Oa1 protein and Oa1 proteins reflecting mutations causing X-linked ocular albinism were examined. Comparison with different organelle markers revealed that Oa1-GFP localized to the late endolysosomal compartments. Some Oa1 mutant proteins failed to exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Class I mutants), while other mutants partially (Class II mutants) or fully (Class III mutants) exited the ER and trafficked to endolysosomal compartments. We observed that expression of WT Oa1-GFP in COS cells caused an apparent enlargement of late endosomes and a redistribution of the mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR). None of the mutants displayed the full range of effects on the redistribution of M6PR exhibited by WT Oa1. The effects of Oa1 on late endosome structure and content are thus likely to reflect an important biological property of Oa1. We propose that OA1 is involved in reorganizing the endolysosomal compartment as a necessary step in ocular melanosome biogenesis.
Optimizing a Candida Biofilm Microtiter Plate Model for Measurement of Antifungal Susceptibility by Tetrazolium Salt Assay (2011)

Candida spp. infect medical devices, such as venous and urinary catheters, by adhering to the surface and forming a community of drug-resistant cells surrounded by a matrix. The ability to measure drug activity during this biofilm mode of growth is of interest for the investigation of resistance mechanisms and novel antifungal therapies. The tetrazolium salt (XTT) reduction assay is the test most commonly used to estimate viable biofilm growth and to examine the impact of biofilm therapies. The primary goal of the current experiments was to identify assay variables that affect the XTT assay result in order to improve assay reproducibility, sensitivity, and throughput for the study of antifungal activity. The species used in the current studies included Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata. The assay variables that were studied included the impact of culture conditions, the duration of biofilm growth, the timing and frequency of drug administration, the XTT source and concentration, and the duration of XTT incubation. The conditions that impacted the assay readout and altered assay sensitivity included the duration of biofilm growth, the frequency of drug dosing, and the duration of XTT incubation. Several factors were found to reduce time and assay expense, including the elimination of washing steps, the shortening of incubation times, and the use of lower XTT concentrations. A description of assay pitfalls and troubleshooting is included. Recognition of these technical variables should allow investigators to better design reproducible biofilm therapeutic studies.
<scp>RAC</scp>1 P29S regulates <scp>PD</scp>‐L1 expression in melanoma (2015)

Whole exome sequencing of cutaneous melanoma has led to the detection of P29 mutations in RAC1 in 5-9% of samples, but the role of RAC1 P29 mutations in melanoma biology remains unclear. Using reverse phase protein array analysis to examine the changes in protein/phospho-protein expression, we identified cyclin B1, PD-L1, Ets-1, and Syk as being selectively upregulated with RAC1 P29S expression and downregulated with RAC1 P29S depletion. Using the melanoma patient samples in TCGA, we found PD-L1 expression to be significantly increased in RAC1 P29S patients compared to RAC1 WT as well as other RAC1 mutants. The finding that PD-L1 is upregulated suggests that oncogenic RAC1 P29S may promote suppression of the antitumor immune response. This is a new insight into the biological function of RAC1 P29S mutations with potential clinical implications as PD-L1 is a candidate biomarker for increased benefit from treatment with anti-PD1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies.
Pathophysiology and Animal Models of Schizophrenia (2009)

Animal models of schizophrenia are important for research aimed at developing improved pharmacotherapies. In particular, the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia remain largely refractory to current medications and there is a need for improved medications. We discuss the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and in particular the possible mechanisms underlying the cognitive deficits. We review the current animal models of schizophrenia and discuss the extent to which they meet the need for models reflecting the various domains of the symptomatology of schizophrenia, including positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive symptoms.
A Planar Microfabricated Fluid Filter (2005)

Many blood tests must be performed on plasma without cellular matter present. In the standard laboratory protocol, pure plasma is obtained through centrifugation. In order to produce a miniaturized blood sensor, a method to separate plasma other than centrifugation is needed. We describe the design, fabrication, and testing of a fluid filter that fulfills this need, and also has some features of general interest. Results from a particular device show that we can easily remove 16/spl mu/m diameter spheres from the fluid. This filter can be reusable, can potentially remove particles as small as 0.1 /spl mu/m, and is easily fabricated.
Apical Ligand Substitution, Shape Recognition, Vapor-Adsorption Phenomenon, and Microcalorimetry for a Pillared Bilayer Porous Framework That Shrinks or Expands in Crystal-to-Crystal Manners upon Change in the Cobalt(II) Coordination Environment (2009)

A 2D pillared bilayer coordination polymer, [Co(5-NH(2)-bdc)(bpy)(0.5)(H(2)O)] x 2 H(2)O (1; 5-NH(2)-bdc = 5-aminoisophthalate; bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine) has been hydrothermally synthesized and shows a novel microporous host framework with 1D channels and high thermal stability (approximately 400 degrees C). The framework of 1 exhibits reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations upon removing and rebinding the coordinated waters as well as replacing them with MeOH and EtOH from the solvent. X-ray crystallography reveals that the coordination geometry of Co(II) changes from octahedron to square pyramid, as well as the shrinkage/expansion of pore deformation in respect to the subsequent shear motion of bpy pillars and vice versa. The dehydrated form 2 exhibits a shape recognition ability, which can accommodate linear molecules, such as MeCN and 2-propynyl alcohol, and interesting storage capabilities for oversized MeOH, EtOH, and benzene molecules, concomitant with spongelike dynamic transformation. The microcalorimetric study indicates that the crystalline state-liquid guest exchange and guest inclusion processes (1 superset MeOH or EtOH, 2 superset MeOH, EtOH or MeCN) are feasibly endothermic reactions with the values of molar enthalpy, DeltaH(theta)(m), of +21.38(96), +12.68(85), +25.92(86), +17.03(57), and +14.93(75) kJ mol(-1), respectively.
Splendid One-Dimensional Nanostructures of Zinc Oxide: A New Nanomaterial Family for Nanotechnology (2008)

Zinc oxide is a unique material that exhibits exceptional semiconducting, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties. Nanostructures of ZnO are equally as important as carbon nanotubes and silicon nanowires for nanotechnology and have great potential applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, sensors, field emission, light-emitting diodes, photocatalysis, nanogenerators, and nanopiezotronics. Fundamental understanding about the growth of ZnO nanowires is of critical importance for controlling their size, composition, structure, and corresponding physical and chemical properties. The papers by She et al. and Ito et al. in this issue describe the controlled growth and field-emission properties of individual nanostructures, respectively. These studies provide new approaches and insight into the controlled growth and electrical properties of ZnO nanostructures.
Obesity as a Predictor of Poor Antibody Response to Hepatitis B Plasma Vaccine (1985)

Factors associated with lack of antibody response to the hepatitis B virus plasma vaccine were retrospectively evaluated by means of a logistic regression in 194 previously seronegative staff members of a community hospital. All subjects had received three doses of vaccine by intramuscular buttock injection using a 1-in, 23-gauge needle. Overall, only 55.7% of subjects developed detectable antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen in serum after immunization. The weight-height index served as a surrogate measure of obesity. Predictors of poor immunogenic response to hepatitis B vaccine included higher weight-height index, older age, and vaccine batch. Sex, race, timing of vaccine doses, and timing of postimmunization determination of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen were not predictors of vaccine efficacy.
Structure of the 16 S ribosomal RNA of the thermophilic cyanobacterium <i>chlorogloeopsis</i> HTF (‘<i>mastigocladus laminosus</i> HTF’) strain PCC7518, and phylogenetic analysis (1993)

The thermophilic cyanobacterial strain, PCC7518, originally identified as 'Mastigocladus laminosus HTF' does not show branchings or heterocysts. The absence of branchings supports the later assignment to the genus Chlorogloeopsis. The absence of heterocysts may be the result of a mutation because heterocysts were observed in the original isolate. Alternatively, contamination may have happened. To solve this problem, the 16 S rRNA sequence was determined and used to infer a secondary structure model and build distance trees. The trees showed that strain PCC7518 belongs to the cluster of heterocystous species and has most probably lost the ability to produce heterocysts by mutation. It is only distantly related to Chlorogloeopsis fritschii PCC6718.
Anti-Neutrophil Antibody Attenuates the Severity of Acute Lung Injury in Rats With Experimental Acute Pancreatitis (1995)

Both the depletion of peripheral neutrophils by PoAb and blocking of neutrophil adherence functions by MoAb CD18 may help to prevent acute lung injury caused by severe acute pancreatitis in this model.
An optimal time slot assignment algorithm in SS/TDMA system with intersatellite link (2002)

The time slot assignment problem in a cluster of two satellites interconnected via an intersatellite link is considered. It is shown how the optimal switching algorithm proposed by A.A. Bertossi et al. (1987) can be applied to a more general case where the number of uplink and downlink beams are not equal for each satellite in the cluster. Moreover, each uplink or downlink beam can have a different bandwidth. Details of the scheduling algorithm are given together with an illustrative example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
China’s Policy Design on Low-Carbon Economy (2013)

It is universally acknowledged that every country must faces up to low-carbon economy actively. However, how to develop low-carbon economy is still perplexed. This paper considers that low-carbon economy should be viewed as a complex adaptive system (CAS). Public policy and inventive system is indispensable in this CAS because it provides safeguard and impetus for low-carbon economy, especially in developing countries. According to China’s current situation, there are many public policies and management regulations should be established and carried out as soon as possible. Furthermore, some public policies and management mechanisms should be remained priority, i.e. government must establishes a proper legal system, exerts market mechanism fully to provide force and support for low-carbon economy, and carries out admittance and quitting mechanism, monitoring and appraisal mechanisms strictly, improves the political achievement appraisal system, and implements the accountability system of conserving energy and reducing emissions. Only by speeding up these steps consistently can energy conservation and emission reduction be successful.
HOW FAR IN SITU MEASUREMENTS MAY HELP TO ASSESS BUILDING VULNERABILITY (2008)

The use of noise data in seismic diagnosis of buildings is analyzed. From the responses to ambient noise, harmonic excitation and shocks, the dynamic behaviour of usual buildings is identified in the range of 10 −5 −10 −2 g. Taking advantage of the demolition, the influence of the light work elements, full precast facade panels, bearing masonry walls and the presence of neighbouring joined buildings is determined. These experiments show that noise measurements efficiently provide reliable data of real interest for understanding the actual building behaviour. Then, the integration of these data in a vulnerability diagnosis is presented. It is shown that regular concrete structures are described by suited beam modelling. Thus for a given structure, taking into account the noise data, the adequate beam model and maximum tensile and compression strains of concrete and steel as damage criteria, two levels of ground acceleration can be determined, namely the Seismic Thresholds of Elasticity (STE) and of Yielding (STY). Quantify the levels that onset the structural damages and the plastic hinge may be a useful tool for vulnerability diagnosis. This concept presents the practical advantages to be based on real data, to minimize the introduction of uncertain assumptions and to provide an acceleration level easily comparable with the reference acceleration of the codes.
Cut-based functional debugging for programmable systems-on-chip (2000)

Due to the growth of both design complexity and the number of gates per pin, functional debugging has emerged as a critical step in the development of a system-on-chip (SOC). Traditional approaches, such as system emulation and simulation, are becoming increasingly inadequate to address the system debugging needs. Design simulation is two to ten orders of magnitude slower than emulation and, thus, is used primarily for short, focused test sequences. Emulation has the required speed but imposes strict limitations on signal observability and controllability. We introduce a new debugging approach for programmable SOC's that leverages the complementary advantages of emulation and simulation. We propose a set of tools, transparent to both the design and debugging process, that enables the user to run long test sequences in emulation and, upon error detection, roll back to an arbitrary instance in execution time and switch over to simulation-based debugging for full design visibility and controllability. The efficacy of the developed approach is dependent upon the method for transferring the computation from one execution domain to another. Although the approach can be applied to any computational model, we have developed a suite of optimization techniques that enable computation transfer in a mixed synchronous data flow semi-infinite stream random-access machine computation model. This computation model is frequently used in many communications and multimedia SOCs. The effectiveness of the developed debugging methodology has been demonstrated on a set of multicore designs where combined emulation-simulation has been enabled with low hardware and performance overhead.
10+ gb/s 90-nm CMOS serial link demo in CBGA package (2005)

We report a 10+ Gb/s serial link demo chip with NRZ signaling in 90-nm CMOS. It consists of a full-rate 4:1 MUX with 8-tap feed-forward equalizer, a half-rate 1:4 DEMUX with programmable peaking pre-amplifier, and a parallel port interface. All coefficients of the 8-tap FIR filter have programmable polarity and magnitude. The chip is housed in CBGA package and has ESD protection devices on all pins. All clock signals are supplied externally. The measured maximum speeds of stand-alone transmitter and receiver are 11.7 Gb/s and 13.3 Gb/s, respectively, and maximum back-to-back operation speed (transmitter + receiver) is 11.4 Gb/s. The chip operates at 10 Gb/s over 20 ft of lossy cable with 20 dB attenuation at 5 GHz. All circuits in the chip use a single 1.0 V power supply, except TX output driver and RX input termination network, which use 1.4 V supply. Total power consumption of TX and RX from the two supplies is 280 mW.
Spectroscopic Studies of Catanionic Reverse Microemulsion: Correlation with the Superactivity of Horseradish Peroxidase Enzyme in a Restricted Environment (2008)

Catanionic microemulsions formed by dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), n-hexanol, dodecane, and citrate buffer have been characterized by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and spectroscopic studies. While the DLS measurements provide information about the hydrodynamic diameters of the microemulsion droplets formed upon variation of the constituents, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence emission experiments probe the polarity and the dynamics of the trapped solvent pool inside of the microemulsion droplets of nanometer dimension. In addition, time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy shows the rigidity of the confined solvent pool as well as the coupling between the motion of a solute and those of the solvent molecules. The results obtained from the DLS and those from the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence emission studies have been found to correlate well with the superactivity of horseradish peroxidase enzyme in the catanionic microemulsions. Subsequently, the time-zero estimate for the dynamic Stokes shift in these microemulsions reveals that approximately 50% of the total solvent dynamical response is missed due to the limited time resolution employed in our experiments. The amplitude of the missing portion is similar to what has been observed recently for nanoscopic water by Fayer and co-workers (Piletic, I. R.; Tan, H.-S.; Fayer, M. D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 21273).
Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by Methane with Ni-on-MgO-CaO Containing Catalysts (1992)

Abstract It was found that Ni-on-MgO-CaO containing catalyst showed excellent activity and stability for reducing CO2 by CH4 to make syngas. Especially higher CaO containing catalyst showed more excellent stability even under conditions such as, 850 °C, 0.32 MPa and CO2/CH4 = 1/1 (mole ratio).
Spontaneous Formation of Silver Nanoparticles in Multilamellar Vesicles (2003)

Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized using AgNO3 as the metallic source and onion-type multilamellar vesicles (MLV) as the microreactor, where the Genamin T020 organic component is acting as the reductant. Silver ions were introduced into MLV either by diffusion from the dispersion medium, or directly by mixing AgNO3 solution with Genamin T020 followed by a shear process. Both the effect of synthetic routes and aging upon the nanoparticle size and assemblies are studied by TEM. In the former case, the size of silver nanoparticles increases from ca. 3 nm to 9.6 nm with increasing dispersion time (30 min and 17 h respectively). For short dispersion times, silver nanoparticles assemble in circular aggregates. The typical size of those aggregates resembles that of MLV, thus indicating an in-situ synthesis. In the latter case, nanoparticle growth is quicker: 7−8 nm silver particles being synthesized in 30 min. Nanoparticles arrange themselves then in parallel strings separated from each other, forming planes, stacked on each other in some cases. A higher onion internal pH measured by 31P NMR is assumed to induce Ag2O precipitation inside onions contributing to Ag(I) reduction in metallic nanoparticles.