gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Respiration rate and volume measurements using wearable strain sensors (2019)

Current methods for continuous respiration monitoring such as respiratory inductive or optoelectronic plethysmography are limited to clinical or research settings; most wearable systems reported only measures respiration rate. Here we introduce a wearable sensor capable of simultaneously measuring both respiration rate and volume with high fidelity. Our disposable respiration sensor with a Band-Aid© like formfactor can measure both respiration rate and volume by simply measuring the local strain of the ribcage and abdomen during breathing. We demonstrate that both metrics are highly correlated to measurements from a medical grade continuous spirometer on participants at rest. Additionally, we also show that the system is capable of detecting respiration under various ambulatory conditions. Because these low-powered piezo-resistive sensors can be integrated with wireless Bluetooth units, they can be useful in monitoring patients with chronic respiratory diseases in everyday settings.
Extracellular matrix proteins secreted from both the endometrium and the embryo are required for attachment: A study using a co‐culture model of rat blastocysts and Ishikawa cells (2012)

Integrins are expressed in a highly regulated manner at the maternal-fetal interface during implantation. However, the significance of extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands during the integrin-mediated embryo attachment to the endometrium is not fully understood. Thus, the distribution of fibronectin in the rat uterus and blastocyst was studied at the time of implantation. Fibronectin was absent in the uterine luminal epithelial cells but was intensely expressed in the trophoblast cells and the inner cell mass suggesting that fibronectin secreted from the blastocyst may be a possible bridging ligand for the integrins expressed at the maternal-fetal interface. An Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide was used to block the RGD recognition sites on integrins, and the effect on rat blastocyst attachment to Ishikawa cells was examined. There was a significant reduction in blastocyst attachment when either the blastocysts or the Ishikawa cells were pre-incubated with the RGD-blocking peptide. Thus, successful attachment of the embryo to the endometrium requires the interaction of integrins on both the endometrium and the blastocyst with the RGD sequence of ECM ligands, such as fibronectin. Pre-treatment of both blastocysts and Ishikawa cells with the RGD peptide also inhibited blastocyst attachment, but not completely, suggesting that ECM bridging ligands that do not contain the RGD sequence are also involved in embryo attachment.
Decisive structural determinants for the interaction of proline derivatives with the intestinal H<sup>+</sup>/peptide symporter (1999)

To elucidate the decisive structural factors relevant for dipeptide-carrier interaction, the affinity of short amide and imide derivatives for the intestinal H+/peptide symporter (PEPT1) was investigated by measuring their ability to inhibit Gly-Sar transport in Caco-2 cells. Dipeptides with proline or alanine in the C-terminal position displayed affinity constants (Ki) of 0.15-1.2 mM and 0.08-9.5 mM, respectively. There was no clear relationship between hydrophobicity, size or ionization status of the N-terminal amino acid and the affinity of the dipeptides. However, analyzing the individual peptide bond conformations of Xaa-Pro dipeptides, a striking correlation between the cis/trans ratios (trans contents 24-70%) and the affinity constants was observed. After correcting the Ki values for the incompetent cis isomers, the Ki corr values of most dipeptides were in a small range of 0.1-0.16 mM. This result revealed the decisive role of peptide bond conformation even for a transport protein that is quite promiscuous in substrate translocation. When measuring affinity constants of Xaa-Pro and Xaa-Sar dipeptides, the cis/trans ratios cannot be ignored. Lower affinities of Lys-Pro, Arg-Pro and Pro-Pro indicate that additional molecular factors affect their binding at PEPT1. The Ki values obtained for the corresponding Xaa-Ala dipeptides support this conclusion. Potential substrates or inhibitors of peptide transport were found among Xaa-piperidides and Xaa-thiazolidides. Dipeptides with N-terminal proline displayed a very diverse affinity profile. However, in contrast to current knowledge, several Pro-Xaa dipeptides such as Pro-Leu, Pro-Tyr and Pro-Pro are recognized by PEPT1 with appreciable affinities. Binding seems mainly determined by the hydrophobicity of the C-terminal amino acid and the rigidity of the structure.
A security architecture for pay-per-view business models in conditional access systems (2007)

This paper presents a security architecture for a pay-TV conditional access system, assuming the most challenging scenario from a designer's point of view; a pay-per-view business model in a broadcast-only environment. The starting point for the security architecture is a broadcast encryption scheme and a queueing network for injecting conditional access messages into the broadcast stream. Design constraints related to a conditional access client are taken into account in the design of the architecture, as well as a maximum amount of bandwidth available for the transmission of conditional access messages. In addition, commercial design objectives like quick content access and quick client activation are also addressed. A substantial part of the paper is devoted to the design and analysis of an efficient injector model based on queueing theory, defining the strategy for injecting conditional access messages into the broadcast stream. A numerical example with real-world values of the parameters is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach.
Product recommendation using typicality based collaborative filtering and churn analysis (2016)

Product recommendation is a widely used technique to attract customers and improve sales of an organization. This research proposes a novel methodology for retaining customers by combining the ideas of customer segmentation, product recommendation, and churn analysis using customer lifetime value, RFM analysis and survival rates. This methodology highlights the potential customers of an organization for targeting. In this research a clustering algorithm segments customers on the basis of weighted RFM values and marks heavy weights customer to be loyal. Product recommendations to loyal customers are given by using the Typicality based collaborative filtering. In this research, experiments are performed that show the superiority of TB-CF algorithm over other CF algorithm. The research also identifies effective ways and strategies for retaining loyal customers. The churn analysis determines the rates of customer attrition and the attributes which effect the customer attrition the most. The research discusses the organization's future dependance on the churn rate and the importance of customer retention. The churn analysis in due time is highly effective to prevent a catastrophic downfall of an organization if used properly.
Condensation of crotonic and tiglic acid dianions with aldehydes and ketones (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensation of crotonic and tiglic acid dianions with aldehydes and ketonesPaul R. Johnson and James D. WhiteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 23, 4424–4429Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00197a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views566Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (826 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Corneal Topography and Irregular Astigmatism (1995)

This model of irregular astigmatism is an efficient, quantitative means of describing irregular astigmatism.
The Theory of the Schmidt Telescope* (1943)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. L. Synge, "The Theory of the Schmidt Telescope*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 33, 129-136 (1943) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Mild and Low Alloy Steels in CO-CO2-H2O Environments (1976)

This paper is related to the new stress corrosion cracking phenomenon of mild and low alloy steels in a CO/CO2 environment. The incidents of cracking are described and these were reproduced by laboratory tests. The results obtained are as follows: (1) No stress corrosion cracking of mild steel was found to occur in water containing just CO or CO2. (2) The transgranular stress corrosion cracking occurred only in CO/CO2 environment with water. (3) Stress corrosion cracking occurred in a wide range of CO/CO2 ratios in water. (4) The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of mild steel decreases with increasing temperature. (5) No stress corrosion cracking was found to occur on 18Cr-10Ni stainless steel. (6) From the study of electrochemical measurements, the mechanism has been proposed that this form of cracking is stress corrosion cracking rather than hydrogen embrittlement. (7) Prevention of stress corrosion cracking in these environments is discussed.
Preparation, Purification, and Stability of Tuberculin (1963)

The method used to produce "Connaught" tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is described. The tuberculin PPD for the multiple-puncture method was shown to be stable for at least 24 months at 5 C; tuberculin PPD for the intracutaneous method was shown to be stable at 5 C and 24 C for a period of 18 months in the presence of Tween 80. Evans blue or brillant vital red was added to tuberculin PPD for improved testing by the multiple-puncture method. These tinted tuberculin preparations were found to be as stable as the Connaught tuberculin PPD preparations without dye at 5 C. Freeze-dried tuberculin PPD with Plasdone as an inert base was found to be remarkably stable for a period of at least 24 months at 5, 24, and 37 C.
Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis B or C virus infection and non-hemodialysis patients with hepatitis cirrhosis (2002)

HCV infection associated with leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia in HD patients is as common as in non-HD patients with liver cirrhosis. This may be due to the direct effect of hemopoiesis rather than the hyperspleenism of liver cirrhosis patients. There is a need for further prospective investigation to ascertain the clinical significance of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in HD patients with anti-HCV(+). The prevalence of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia was higher in HD patients with hepatitis C than in HD patients with hepatitis B and HD patient without hepatitis.
Dimensions of protein random coils (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDimensions of protein random coilsWilmer G. Miller and Carol V. GoebelCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 11, 3925–3935Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00851a021https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00851a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views380Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulatory T Cells Dynamically Control the Primary Immune Response to Foreign Antigen (2007)

The population dynamics that enable a small number of regulatory T (T(R)) cells to control the immune responses to foreign Ags by the much larger conventional T cell subset were investigated. During the primary immune response, the expansion and contraction of conventional and T(R) cells occurred in synchrony. Importantly, the relative accumulation of T(R) cells at peak response significantly exceeded that of conventional T cells, reflecting extensive cell division within the T(R) cell pool. Transfer of a polyclonal T(R) cell population before immunization antagonized both polyclonal and TCR transgenic responses, whereas blocking T(R) cell function enhanced those responses. These results define an inverse quantitative relationship between T(R) and conventional T cells that controls the magnitude of the primary immune response. The high frequency of dividing T(R) cells suggests degenerate TCR specificity enabling activation by a broad spectrum of Ags.
The reactions of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in acidic solutions on polymerization and in the presence of silica (1997)

The epoxy group in 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS) readily undergoes hydrolysis in acidic conditions to form a solution containing principally the vicinal diol or a reaction product between the vicinal diol and the silanol groups formed during the hydrolysis (an alkoxysilane). Additional reaction products include alkene, enol, low concentrations of carbonyl compounds, intermolecular condensation products, e.g. ethers, and reaction products specific to the acid used to promote the hydrolysis of the alkoxysilane and epoxy groups. On evaporation of acidified GPS solutions at room temperature, a polymerized form of GPS is produced. This polymer is found to be readily oxidized on heating in air and from simulated outdoor weathering trials (SODW), but not when formed on silica powders from a 1-2 wt% solution to form a coating. In the absence of silica, unreacted hydroxy groups are readily available for oxidation, a result that is consistent with the reported molecular structure of polymerized GPS.
Comparison of Luminescence Properties of CsI Crystals Activated with Ag<sup>-</sup>, Au<sup>-</sup>, and Tl<sup>+</sup>Ions at Room Temperature (2013)

We have investigated the luminescence properties of CsI crystals activated with Ag - , Au - , and Tl + ions at room temperature. When the activated CsI crystals are irradiated by light with a wavelength shorter than the absorption edge of CsI bulk crystals, luminescence bands related to the activated centers are observed in the visible wavelength region, in addition to intrinsic luminescence bands due to self-trapped excitons. In CsI:Au - and CsI:Tl + , the visible luminescence bands exhibit decay profiles with a decay time of about 1 µs. On the other hand, the visible luminescence band in CsI:Ag - consists of two luminescence components with decay times of 25 and 250 µs. Their luminescence properties are discussed from the viewpoint of their application as a scintillator material.
Effects of sulfur passivation on Ti/Al ohmic contacts to <i>n</i>-type GaN using CH3CSNH2 solution (2002)

We investigate the effect of CH3CSNH2 solution treatment on Ti/Al ohmic contacts to n-GaN:Si (3×1018 cm−3). It is shown that the sulfide treatment results in a drastic increase in the photoluminescence intensity, compared with that of the untreated sample. Current-voltage (I–V) results show that the sulfide treatment significantly improves the specific contact resistance. The annealing of the sulfide-treated sample (at 700 °C) results in a specific contact resistance of 3.1×10−6 Ω cm2. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) results show that the Ga 2p core levels shift toward the higher-binding energy side by 0.2 eV for the sulfide-treated sample and by 0.4 eV for the annealed (sulfide-treated) sample, compared with that of the untreated one. It is further shown that the intensity of O 1s core level decreases with the sulfide treatment. Based on the I–V and XPS results, the sulfide and annealing treatment dependence of the specific contact resistance is discussed.
Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion Using Duckweed (<i>Lemna minor</i>) Enriched with Iron (1996)

ABSTRACT This paper describes the enhancement of biogas production in laboratory‐scale anaerobic digesters (with batch and semi‐continuous operation) using iron‐enriched duckweed as a supplement to the digestion of feedstock. The relationship between the level of enhancement achieved and the retention period of the digesters was also investigated. The trials demonstrated that, in batch digesters, iron‐enriched duckweed significantly improved the rate of microbial succession. Batch digesters receiving no duckweed took 40 days to reach peak methane production compared to 15 days when duckweed was added. In the semi‐continuous digesters, an increase in gas production of about 44% was observed.
Aminoacylation of transfer RNAs with 2-thiouridine derivatives in the wobble position of the anticodon (1995)

The first position or 'wobble base' in the anticodon of tRNAs is frequently the site of post-transcriptional modification. In Escherichia coli, glutamine, glutamate, and lysine tRNAs contain 2-thiouridine derivatives in this position, and the significance of these modifications has been under investigation since their discovery. Here we describe the investigations to link 2-thiouridine derivatives to aminoacylation of these tRNAs. The implications of these findings on the evolution of specificity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and on translational regulation are also discussed.
Extrusion and melt spinning characteristics of thermally degraded polypropylene (1983)

Abstract A basic study of the influence of thermal degradation of polypropylene on its extrudate swell and melt spinning characteristics is reported. The degradation reduces swell, changes the shape of the spinline diameter/velocity profile (i.e., the spinline apparent elongational viscosity function), and stabilizes the melt spinning process. The importance of molecular weight distribution narrowing during the degradation process is noted in these studies.
Digital image motion correction by spatial warp methods (1987)

A technique for correction of motion between images which are obtained in high-speed digital subtraction or cine angiographic acquisitions is being tested. The method is based on the application of quadratic polynomial equations which transform one image so that it matches a reference image. Images which have been processed in this manner can be summed to improve the signal-to-noise ratios over individual images. The technique for motion correction currently being tested uses operator interaction to establish the appropriate polynomial transformation. An operator selects fiducial (reference) points on an image which will be the reference. Then he selects the corresponding fiducial points on the image to be processed. The algorithm calculates the coefficients of a pair of quadratic polynomial equations and applies them to each pixel in the image. Results demonstrate the application of the technique in phantoms and in digitized cine angiograms.
Sub-100-nm Nanoparticle Arrays with Perfect Ordering and Tunable and Uniform Dimensions Fabricated by Combining Nanoimprinting with Ultrathin Alumina Membrane Technique (2014)

This work reports a nonlithographic nanopatterning approach to fabricate perfectly ordered nanoparticle arrays with tunable and uniform dimensions from about 30 to 80 nm and strict periods of 100 nm in a square lattice on large-area substrates by combining nanoimprinting with ultrathin alumina membrane technique. There is no requirement of any organic layer to support an ultrathin membrane in our novel route, which totally addressed the problems of nonuniform pores in prepatterned alumina templates and contamination during sample preparation, and thus is indispensable for our fabrication of ideally regular nanoparticle arrays on various kinds of substrates (such as flexible plastic). The effect of imprinted pressure on the prepatterning of Al foil was also studied in order to ensure the reusability of the precious imprinting stamps. This simple but efficient method provides a cost-effective platform for the fabrication of perfectly ordered nanostructures on substrates for various applications in nanotechnology.
Mesenchymal Stem or Stromal Cells from Amnion and Umbilical Cord Tissue and Their Potential for Clinical Applications (2012)

Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSC) have proven to offer great promise for cell-based therapies and tissue engineering applications, as these cells are capable of extensive self-renewal and display a multilineage differentiation potential. Furthermore, MSC were shown to exhibit immunomodulatory properties and display supportive functions through parakrine effects. Besides bone marrow (BM), still today the most common source of MSC, these cells were found to be present in a variety of postnatal and extraembryonic tissues and organs as well as in a large variety of fetal tissues. Over the last decade, the human umbilical cord and human amnion have been found to be a rich and valuable source of MSC that is bio-equivalent to BM-MSC. Since these tissues are discarded after birth, the cells are easily accessible without ethical concerns.
<title>Glass Lasers</title> (1969)

There are a number of characteristics which distinguish glass lasers from other solid laser materials. After a brief review of these properties, and of the lasing ions in glass, a number of recent glass laser systems developments will be described in more detail. A more complete review is given in reference 61.
Benzoxazole Derivatives as Novel 5-HT<sub>3</sub>Receptor Partial Agonists in the Gut (1998)

A series of benzoxazoles with a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic substituent at the 2-position was prepared and evaluated for 5-HT3 partial agonist activity on isolated guinea pig ileum. The nature of the substituent at the 5-position of the benzoxazole ring affected the potency for the 5-HT3 receptor, and the 5-chloro derivatives showed increased potency and lowered intrinsic activity. 5-Chloro-7-methyl-2-(4-methyl-1-homopiperazinyl)benzoxazole (6v) exhibited a high binding affinity in the same range as that of the 5-HT3 antagonist granisetron, and its intrinsic activity was 12% of that of 5-HT. Compound 6v inhibited 5-HT-evoked diarrhea but did not prolong the transition time of glass beads in the normal distal colon even at a dose of 100 times the ED50 for diarrhea inhibition in mice. Compounds of this type are expected to be effective for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome without the side effect of constipation.