gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Biodegradation of lignin in wheat straw by alkaliphilic ligninolytic bacteria with compounded carbons]. (2002)

The article researched enzymes production, the degradation rate of lignin and strain growth of alkaliphilic ligninolytic bacteria strain No. 6 in alkaline liquid medium (pH approximately 10.5) with compounded carbons. The results showed that the highest activities of laccase and MnP were 2915.37 U/L (4th d) and 1152.88 U/L (8th d), respectively, and the strain degraded 49.84% lignin of wheat straw during ten days cultivation. The changes of ultrastructure of wheat straw caused by strain No. 6 attack were investigated with SEM (scan electron microscopy).
Sphagnum farming from species selection to the production of growing media: a review (2017)

Sphagnum farming - the production of Sphagnum biomass on rewetted bogs - helps towards achieving global climate goals by halting greenhouse gas emissions from drained peat and by replacing peat with a renewable biomass alternative. Large-scale implementation of Sphagnum farming requires a wide range of know-how, from initial species selection up to the final production and use of Sphagnum biomass based growing media in horticulture. This article provides an overview of relevant knowledge accumulated over the last 15 years and identifies open questions.
A Lossless Data Compression and Decompression Algorithm and Its Hardware Architecture (2006)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, we propose a new two-stage hardware architecture that combines the features of both parallel dictionary LZW (PDLZW) and an approximated adaptive Huffman (AH) algorithms. In this architecture, an ordered list instead of the tree-based structure is used in the AH algorithm for speeding up the compression data rate. The resulting architecture shows that it not only outperforms the AH algorithm at the cost of only one-fourth the hardware resource but it is also competitive to the performance of LZW algorithm (compress). In addition, both compression and decompression rates of the proposed architecture are greater than those of the AH algorithm even in the case realized by software. </para>
A Practical, One-Pot Preparation of Diisopinocampheylchloroborane (1991)

Abstract A one-pot preparation of the chiral reducing agent diisopinocampheylchloroborane (Ipc2BCl) from Δ-pinene and borane methyl sulfide has been developed. The procedure obviates isolation of the air and moisture sensitive reagent, making it useful for large scale operations. Asymmetric reduction of ketones using the in situ prepared Ipc2BCl is comparable to that using isolated reagent.
Controls on Fracturing in Carbonate Rocks (2005)

Abstract Sedimentology (lithology, sedimentary structures, bed thick-ness, mechanical stratigraphy, the nature of bedding planes), structural geology (tectonic setting, palaeostresses, subsi-dence/uplift history, proximity to faults, position in a fold, timing of structural events, mineralisation, the angle between bedding and fractures) and present-day factors (orientations of in situ stresses, fluid pressure, perturbation of in situ stresses, depth) can all control the nature and distribution of fractures within carbonate rocks. Understanding these factors requires traditional geological skills, including the analysis of core, borehole images and exposed analogues.
Artificially intelligent accompaniment using Hidden Markov Models to model musical structure (2008)

For performing musicians, musical accompanists may not always be available during practice, or an available accompanist may not have the technical ability necessary. As a solution to this problem, many musicians practise with pre-recorded accompaniment. Such an accompaniment is fixed and does not interact with the musicians playing: the musician must adapt their performance to match the recording. To synchronise accompaniment with the soloist, it is preferable that an accompanist should be able to follow the musician through the score as they play, rather than the other way around. During performance, musicians may deviate from what is written in the score (either intentionally, by adding their own musical interpretation, or accidentally, by making performance errors). The accompanist should adjust their playing to follow the soloist. This work investigates how an artificial musician can follow a human musician through the performance of a piece (perform score following) using a Hidden Markov Model of the pieces musical structure. The computer musician is designed to interact with the human musician and provide accompaniment as a human accompanist would: musically and in real time. Having successfully implemented this representation, the performances of the resulting artificial accompanists has been evaluated both qualitatively, by human testers and quantitatively, by objective criteria based on that used at the Music Infomation Retrieval and EXchange Conference in 2006. The artificial accompanists can, in general, accompany human performers with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Testing has also raised an interesting reflection on the nature of co-operation between soloist and accompanist, and more generally on the role of the computer musician in ensemble performance.
Safety and effectiveness of clofazimine in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (2018)

RATIONALE: Clofazimine has been reported to be effective in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD); however, there are scarce data regarding its tolerability and efficacy. OBJECTIVES: We sought to review the safety and efficacy of clofazimine in patients with NTM-PD in our clinic. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all patients with NTM PD who received a regimen containing clofazimine. Demographics, clinical and radiological data, indication and dose of clofazimine, accompanying drugs, need for dose adjustments and adverse drug effects were recorded. Clinical and microbiological outcomes were assessed in those patients who received clofazimine for 6 months or longer.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Forty-seven patients received a regimen containing clofazimine for a mean (SD) of 26.3 (26.3) months. Thirty-six (76.6%) patients developed at least one adverse effect while receiving clofazimine and 12 (25.5%) had to stop clofazimine due to an adverse effect. Ten of 17 patients (58.8%) tested had a prolonged QTc while receiving clofazimine. Out of 35 patients who were on clofazimine for more than 6 months, 15 (42.9%) experienced an improvement in symptoms and 7/27 (25.9%) converted their sputum to culture negative within a year following the initiation of clofazimine.CONCLUSIONS: Adverse effects were common in our series, but attribution to any specific drug was difficult. A significant minority required clofazimine cessation due to intolerance. QTc interval should be monitored in patients receiving regimens containing macrolides, fluoroquinolones and/or clofazimine. Prospective randomized studies are needed to better assess the efficacy and safety of this drug in the management of NTM lung disease.
Doxorubicin Resistance in a Novel <i>In vitro</i> Model of Human Pleomorphic Liposarcoma Associated with Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (2010)

Soft tissue sarcomas are a diverse set of fatal human tumors where few agents have demonstrable clinical efficacy, with the standard therapeutic combination of doxorubicin and ifosfamide showing only a 25% to 30% response rate in large multi-institutional trials. Although liposarcomas are the most common histologic form of adult soft tissue sarcomas, research in this area is severely hampered by the lack of experimentally tractable in vitro model systems. To this end, here we describe a novel in vitro model for human pleomorphic liposarcoma. The cell line (LS2) is derived from a pleomorphic liposarcoma that uses the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism of telomere maintenance, which may be important in modulating the response of this tumor type to DNA-damaging agents. We present detailed baseline molecular and genomic data, including genome-wide copy number and transcriptome profiles, for this model compared with its parental tumor and a panel of liposarcomas covering multiple histologies. The model has retained essentially all of the detectable alterations in copy number that are seen in the parental tumor, and shows molecular karyotypic and expression profiles consistent with pleomorphic liposarcomas. We also show the utility of this model, together with two additional human liposarcoma cell lines, to investigate the relationship between topoisomerase 2A expression and the sensitivity of ALT-positive liposarcomas to doxorubicin. This model, together with its associated baseline data, provides a powerful new tool to develop treatments for this clinically poorly tractable tumor and to investigate the contribution that ALT makes to modulating sensitivity to doxorubicin.
Holding Tight: Cell Junctions and Cancer Spread. (2012)

Cell junctions are sites of intercellular adhesion that maintain the integrity of epithelial tissue and regulate signalling between cells. These adhesive junctions are comprised of protein complexes that serve to establish an intercellular cytoskeletal network for anchoring cells, in addition to regulating cell polarity, molecular transport and communication. The expression of cell adhesion molecules is tightly controlled and their downregulation is essential for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that facilitates the generation of morphologically and functionally diverse cell types during embryogenesis. The characteristics of EMT are a loss of cell adhesion and increased cellular mobility. Hence, in addition to its normal role in development, dysregulated EMT has been linked to cancer progression and metastasis, the process whereby primary tumors migrate to invasive secondary sites in the body. This paper will review the current understanding of cell junctions and their role in cancer, with reference to the abnormal regulation of junction protein genes. The potential use of cell junction molecules as diagnostic and prognostic markers will also be discussed, as well as possible therapies for adhesive dysregulation.
Aram Sinnreich, Mashed Up: Music, Technology, and the Rise of Configurable Culture (2014)

Popular music studies have advanced considerably since the 1970s. Comparatively, rock and pop have received more attention than other musical genres, with arguments or discussions often focused on issues such as politics, class, identity, youth, and ideology. Mashed Up makes a fresh contribution to this field not just because the book deals with the creation and production of sample-based music such as hip-hop and techno. More important, author Aram Sinnreich systematically examines how configurable technology and culture have brought music into a new era. The practice of remixing and creating mash-ups has become a widely employed creative technique in the popular music scene, which has refreshed the otherwise stagnant popular music industry. Meanwhile, configurable technologies such as P2P file sharing software and portable media/communication devices fundamentally blur the binary borders between many conventional classifications, such as that of art and craft. Sinnreich examines all these issues in the solid and fascinating academic studies that comprise Mashed Up.
Pyrazoles. 19. Selective thermolysis reactions of bromo-1-nitro-1H-pyrazoles. Formation of 3-nitro-1H- vs. 4-nitro-1H-pyrazoles (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrazoles. 19. Selective thermolysis reactions of bromo-1-nitro-1H-pyrazoles. Formation of 3-nitro-1H- vs. 4-nitro-1H-pyrazolesJ. P. H. Juffermans and Clarisse L. HabrakenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 24, 4656–4660Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00374a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00374a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views966Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the input-output stability of time-varying nonlinear feedback systems Part one: Conditions derived using concepts of loop gain, conicity, and positivity (1966)

The object of this paper is to outline a stability theory for input-output problems using functional methods. More particularly, the aim is to derive open loop conditions for the boundedness and continuity of feedback systems, without, at the beginning, placing restrictions on linearity or time invariance. It will be recalled that, in the special case of a linear time invariant feedback system, stability can be assessed using Nyquist's criterion; roughly speaking, stability depends on the mounts by which signals are amplified and delayed in flowing around the loop. An attempt is made here to show that similar considerations govern the behavior of feedback systems in general-that stability of nonlinear time-varying feedback systems can often be assessed from certain gross features of input-output behavior, which are related to amplification and delay. This paper is divided into two parts: Part I contains general theorems, free of restrictions on linearity or time invariance; Part II, which will appear in a later issue, contains applications to a loop with one nonlinear element. There are three main results in Part I, which follow the introduction of concepts of gain, conicity, positivity, and strong positivity: THEOREM 1: If the open loop gain is less than one, then the closed loop is bounded. THEOREM 2: If the open loop can be factored into two, suitably proportioned, conic relations, then the closed loop is bounded. THEOREM 3: If the open loop can be factored into two positive relations, one of which is strongly positive and has finite gain, then the closed loop is bounded. Results analogous to Theorems I-3, but with boundedness replaced by continuity, are also obtained.
An efficient static analysis algorithm to detect redundant memory operations (2002)

As memory system performance becomes an increasingly dominant factor in overall system performance, it is important to optimize programs for memory related operations. This paper concerns static analysis to detect redundant memory operations and enable other compiler transformations to remove such redundant operations.We present an extended global value numbering algorithm to detect redundant memory operations. The key of the new algorithm is a novel SSA-based representation for memory state which allows accurate reasoning about memory state. Using this representation, the algorithm can trace values through memory operations to detect equivalence in the same way that it traces them through register-based scalar operations. Thus it discovers both redundancy involving scalar values and redundancy involving memory operations. The redundancy relation detected by the algorithm can then be used by traditional redundancy elimination transformations to remove those redundant operations.Experiments using a suite of realistic applications demonstrate the algorithm is powerful and fast. In practice, it has essentially linear time complexity.
Attitudes Toward and Preferences for Male and Female Personal Trainers (2013)

Previous research has considered the perceptions of athletes towards gender of coach and strength and conditioning coach. However, to date there appears little research considering the perceptions of clients towards gender of personal trainer. The purpose of this study was to investigate male and females perceptions of same- or opposite-gender personal trainers. Four hundred and two (male = 201, female = 201) undergraduate University student participants completed an adapted version of the Attitudes of Athletes toward Male versus Female Coaches Questionnaire (AAMFC-Q; 23). A 2 x 2 multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that neither males nor females showed any preference for gender of hypothetical personal trainer (p > 0.05) although both males and females reported that a personal trainer of the opposite gender might make it harder to concentrate (p < 0.05). Previous research has reported a preference for male coaches/strength and conditioning coaches from both male and female athletes. However, this study suggests that there is no such gender bias towards personal trainers in this population.
Naltrexone in patients with bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence (2006)

Bipolar disorder is associated with very high rates of substance abuse. However, few clinical trials are reported in this population. Naltrexone is effective for alcohol dependence, but its safety and efficacy are not established in patients with bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence. A 16-week, open-label, add-on pilot study of naltrexone was conducted in 34 outpatients with bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence. Assessments included the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and an alcohol craving scale. Alcohol use was quantified. Significant improvement was observed in the HRSD-17 and YMRS, and days of alcohol use and craving decreased significantly. Naltrexone was well tolerated. Controlled trials are warranted.
An insertion/deletion polymorphism at miRNA-122-binding site in the interleukin-1  3' untranslated region confers risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (2009)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy caused by environmental and genetic factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs with posttranscriptional regulatory functions. They participate in diverse biological pathways and function as gene regulators. Genetic polymorphisms in 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) targeted by miRNAs alter the strength of miRNA binding, with consequences on regulation of target genes thereby affecting the individual's cancer risk. We have previously predicted polymorphisms falling in miRNA-binding regions of cancer genes. We selected an insertion/deletion (Indel) polymorphism (rs3783553) in the 3' UTR of interleukin (IL)-1alpha (IL1A) for a case-control study in a Chinese population. With samples from 403 HCC patients and 434 healthy control individuals, strong evidence of association was observed for the variant homozygote. This association was validated in a second independent case-control study with 1074 HCC patients and 1239 healthy control individuals (odds ratio = 0.62; 95% confidence interval = 0.49-0.78). We further show that the 'TTCA' insertion allele for rs3783553 disrupts a binding site for miR-122 and miR-378, thereby increasing transcription of IL-1alpha in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that functional polymorphism rs3783553 in IL1A could contribute to HCC susceptibility. Considering IL-1alpha affects not only various phases of the malignant process, such as carcinogenesis, tumor growth and invasiveness, but also patterns of interactions between malignant cells and the host's immune system, our results indicated that IL-1alpha may be a promising target for immunotherapy, early diagnosis and intervention of HCC.
Correspondence (1932)

The Hon, Editors, British Journal of Radiology I was greatly interested in Dr. Barclay' presidential address and the wide outlook that is showed. I must confess that I have been rather surprised at the apparent lack of criticism of his utterances. Of course it is quite possible that the subject-matter of his address has been well discussed, but nothing further has appeared in the Journal to indicate to those of us on the outskirts of the world what is being done about it.
Human Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells Augment Immunotherapy of Human Colon Carcinoma Xenografts with Monoclonal Antibody D612 (1991)

The tumoricidal properties of an anti-human colon carcinoma monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated D612 (IgG2a), alone and in combination with IL-2-activated human lymphocytes were investigated in athymic mice bearing LS-174T colon tumor xenografts. Treatment of mice bearing LS-174T tumors (1 day, s.c.) with a single i.v. dose of 400 micrograms of D612 alone resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth. Lower doses of D612 had an intermediate effect on tumor growth. Similar inhibition of tumor growth was obtained when D612 was administered in three doses of 400 or 800 micrograms each during the first week after tumor implantation. Mouse macrophages but not splenocytes mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity with D612, suggesting that tumor inhibition was due to the participation of host macrophages with D612. Human lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were generated by incubating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBLs) from normal donors with 100 U/ml of IL-2 for 24 h. An administration of human LAK cells did not significantly inhibit the growth of the human xenograft tumor. Adoptive transfer of a single dose of human LAK cells (2 x 10(7), i.v.) into mice treated with a suboptimal dose of D612 (200 micrograms) significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to that obtained with either D612 or LAK cells alone. Similar results were obtained with three doses of D612 plus human LAK cells although there was a tendency for multiple doses of LAK cells alone to show some antitumor effects. LAK cells or PBLs had similar antitumor activities when used in conjunction with D612. When larger established tumors were treated, single or multiple doses of D612 or LAK cells alone were without effect; however, LAK cells plus D612 elicited significant growth inhibition. These results demonstrate that the tumoricidal properties of LAK cells and the D612 MAb can be augmented when used together in the immunotherapy of human colon cancer xenografts.