gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing “Game Idea Generation” Games (2009)

This paper introduces brainstorming games developed for the use of game designers. Three games designed especially for generating new game ideas were developed in the GameSpace project, which studies methods for design and evaluation of casual mobile multiplayer games. GameSpace idea generation games have been developed through an iterative process in collaboration with the end users: game industry professionals. According to our workshop experiences and tentative results from a pilot study, idea generation games can be successful devices for the creative work of game designers. Game-based idea generation techniques provide an easily facilitated, focused yet playful setting for coming up with new ideas. However, our experiences indicate that idea generation games feature special challenges that must be taken into consideration when designing such games. Author Keywords Game design; creativity; idea generation; idea generation games; brainstorming; serious games; games for production; design games.
Cyclization reactions of tricarbonylmethane thiosemicarbazones: Formation of 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives with concomitant CC bond cleavage (1995)

Abstract Under acylating conditions 3‐acetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2 H ‐pyran‐2‐one thiosemicarbazones ( 1a, b and 2a, b ) are transformed into 2‐(acylamino)‐5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles 3b, c, e, f and 2 H ‐pyran‐2‐ones 1c and 2c via C–C bond cleavage. Similarly, the reaction of 1b with RCO 2 H/EtOH (R = Me, Et) affords 2‐anilino‐5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole ( 3d ) and triacetic acid lactone 1c. Upon treatment with Ac 2 O/Et 3 N the dehydroacetic acid derivative 1b is transformed into the thiadiazoline 4 , while the benzo derivative 2b is converted into thiadiazole 3e and 4‐acetoxycoumarin ( 2c ).
Buffered Non-Fermenter System for Lab-Scale Production of Secreted Recombinant His-Tagged Proteins in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2002)

Expression of recombinant proteins using a secretion system can minimize co-purification of contaminating host proteins. Production of His-tagged recombinant proteins in the yeast alpha-factor secretion system has previously required a fermenter system to control the growth conditions such as pH of the yeast culture. We describe an inexpensive non-fermenter system for the production of secreted recombinant His-tagged proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that uses a buffered low peptone YP glycerol medium, which does not interfere with immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Maspin, a tumor suppressor serpin, was expressed as a secreted N-terminal His/FLAG-tagged protein. Purification of the soluble active recombinant protein only requires centrifugation, concentration by ultrafiltration, and Ni2+ affinity chromatography. Purified protein yields of this system are 3-5 mg/L culture medium.
Tailoring carbon fibers for adsorbing volatiles (1992)

The paper describes the use of activated carbon fibres (ACFs) to absorb volatiles and the authors' research on AFCs. AFCs may be used as adsorbents to reduce air, surface water and ground water pollution. Various chemical treatments are used to change the surface area, pore geometry and adsorption characteristics of the ACFs. The effect of pore shape and surface area on adsorption characteristics is discussed. Research was also conducted into the activation of phenolic fibres at temperatures of 400-500[degree]C instead of 800[degree]C. This reduced the relatively large weight loss associated with high temperature activation (70-90% at 800[degree]C, 50% at 450[degree]C). 17 refs.,7 figs., 4 tabs.
The optimal axial interval in estimating depth from defocus (1999)

We analyze the effect of perturbations on the estimation of Depth from Defocus (DFD) implemented by changing the focus setting (e.g., axially moving the sensor). The analysis yields the optimal change of focus setting, and the spatial frequencies for which estimation is most robust. For stable estimation at all spatial frequencies, the change in focus setting should be less than twice the depth of field. For the most robust estimation in the highest spatial frequencies the axial interval should be equal to the depth of field.
A simplified bomb for hydrothermal synthesis (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA simplified bomb for hydrothermal synthesisArthur L. Plumley Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 4, 201Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1960Published inissue 1 April 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ed037p201RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (470 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Control of in-plane texture of body centered cubic metal thin films (1997)

We show that dramatically different in-plane textures can be produced in body centered cubic (bcc) metal thin films deposited on amorphous substrates under different deposition conditions. The crystallographic orientation distribution of polycrystalline bcc metal thin films on amorphous substrates often has a strong 〈110〉 fiber texture, indicating that {110} planes are parallel to the substrate plane. When deposition takes place under bombardment by energetic ions or atoms at an off-normal angle of incidence, the 〈110〉 fiber texture develops an in-plane texture, indicating nonrandom azimuthal orientations of the crystallites. Three orientations in Nb films have been observed under different deposition geometries, in which the energetic particle flux coincides with channeling directions in the bcc crystal structure. In-plane orientations in Mo films have also been obtained in magnetron sputtering systems with various configurations. These are described, and an example is given in which the in-plane orientation of Mo films deposited in two different in-line magnetron sputtering systems differs by a 90° rotation. In these two cases, there is a strong 〈110〉 fiber texture, but the in-plane 〈100〉 direction is oriented parallel to the scan direction in one system, and perpendicular to the scan direction in the other system. The conditions which produce such different in-plane textures in two apparently similar sputtering systems are discussed.
Path length resolved Doppler measurements of multiple scattered photons in turbid media for various absorptions using phase modulated low-coherence interferometry (2006)

We report the development of non-invasive, path length resolved Doppler measurements of the multiply scattered light in turbid media, for different absorptions using phase modulated Mach-Zehnder low coherence interferometer, with separate fibers for illumination and detection. A Doppler broadened phase modulation interference peak is observed that shows an increase in the average Doppler shift with optical path length, independent of absorption. The estimated path length distributions indicate suppression and narrowing for increasing absorption and can be related by Lambert-Beer's law.
Long-term persistence of protective immunity in cynomolgus monkeys immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the human T cell leukaemia virus type I envelope gene. (1997)

To develop effective vaccines against infection with human T cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I), we constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus (WR-SFB5env) synthesizing the HTLV-I envelope (Env) gp46 protein under the control of a strong promoter, termed the ATI hybrid promoter. WR-SFB5env expressed a large quantity of gp46. In cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) immunized with WR-SFB5env, anti-HTLV-I Env antibody, including neutralizing antibody, was induced and remained at a high level until 136 weeks (2-6 years) post-infection (p.i.). These immunized monkeys had HTLV-I Env-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. At 136 weeks p.i., the immunized monkeys were challenged with an HTLV-I-producing cynomolgus T lymphocyte cell line. Neither HTLV-I antigen nor HTLV-I proviruses were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymph nodes or spleens of the WR-SFB5env-immunized monkeys, in contrast to non-immunized control monkeys. These results indicate that a single immunization with WR-SFB5env induced prolonged humoral and cellular immune responses to HTLV-I and protected the monkeys against virus challenge.
Synthesis and electrochemical behaviour of new polythiophenes branched with sulfonamides for solid phase synthesis (1999)

The synthesis of thiophenes 3-substituted by arylsulfonamide groups is described. Their electropolymerization and the characteristics of the polymers thus formed were studied, showing the importance of the nature of the spacer intercalated between the thiophene unit and the electroactive cleavable aromatic function under electron transfer. The presence of an oxygen atom in an appropriate position in the chain appears to dramatically control the electrochemical stability and the electroactivity of the polymer.
Perspectives of Research and Service Activities Aiming at the Construction of a Support System for Deafblind Education in Japan (2003)

Abstract: Due to the rare incidence of deafblindness, education for children with deafblindness is an area in which information, knowledge and skills are insufficient at both the local and prefectural levels. The National Institute of Special Education, being the sole national center of special education in Japan, is expected to provide various services and conduct research activities to support deafblind education. Aiming at the construction of comprehensive support system for deafblind education, the author (10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) has been promoting over the past decade needs-driven research projects, educational consultation services, information services, networking among parents as well as developing international ties concerning deafblindness. Details of these research-linked service activities oriented toward establishing comprehensive support systems based at NISE are described and future perspectives are discussed.
Identification of “Known Unknowns” Utilizing Accurate Mass Data and ChemSpider (2011)

In many cases, an unknown to an investigator is actually known in the chemical literature, a reference database, or an internet resource. We refer to these types of compounds as "known unknowns." ChemSpider is a very valuable internet database of known compounds useful in the identification of these types of compounds in commercial, environmental, forensic, and natural product samples. The database contains over 26 million entries from hundreds of data sources and is provided as a free resource to the community. Accurate mass mass spectrometry data is used to query the database by either elemental composition or a monoisotopic mass. Searching by elemental composition is the preferred approach. However, it is often difficult to determine a unique elemental composition for compounds with molecular weights greater than 600 Da. In these cases, searching by the monoisotopic mass is advantageous. In either case, the search results are refined by sorting the number of references associated with each compound in descending order. This raises the most useful candidates to the top of the list for further evaluation. These approaches were shown to be successful in identifying "known unknowns" noted in our laboratory and for compounds of interest to others.
‘GM‐gene‐deletor’: fused <i>loxP‐FRT</i> recognition sequences dramatically improve the efficiency of FLP or CRE recombinase on transgene excision from pollen and seed of tobacco plants (2007)

Pollen- and seed-mediated transgene flow is a concern in plant biotechnology. We report here a highly efficient 'genetically modified (GM)-gene-deletor' system to remove all functional transgenes from pollen, seed or both. With the three pollen- and/or seed-specific gene promoters tested, the phage CRE/loxP or yeast FLP/FRT system alone was inefficient in excising transgenes from tobacco pollen and/or seed, with no transgenic event having 100% efficiency. When loxP-FRT fusion sequences were used as recognition sites, simultaneous expression of both FLP and CRE reduced the average excision efficiency, but the expression of FLP or CRE alone increased the average excision efficiency, with many transgenic events being 100% efficient based on more than 25,000 T(1) progeny examined per event. The 'GM-gene-deletor' reported here may be used to produce 'non-transgenic' pollen and/or seed from transgenic plants and to provide a bioconfinement tool for transgenic crops and perennials, with special applicability towards vegetatively propagated plants and trees.
Minimax Regret Bounds for Reinforcement Learning (2017)

We consider the problem of provably optimal exploration in reinforcement learning for finite horizon MDPs. We show that an optimistic modification to value iteration achieves a regret bound of $\tilde{O}( \sqrt{HSAT} + H^2S^2A+H\sqrt{T})$ where $H$ is the time horizon, $S$ the number of states, $A$ the number of actions and $T$ the number of time-steps. This result improves over the best previous known bound $\tilde{O}(HS \sqrt{AT})$ achieved by the UCRL2 algorithm of Jaksch et al., 2010. The key significance of our new results is that when $T\geq H^3S^3A$ and $SA\geq H$, it leads to a regret of $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{HSAT})$ that matches the established lower bound of $Ω(\sqrt{HSAT})$ up to a logarithmic factor. Our analysis contains two key insights. We use careful application of concentration inequalities to the optimal value function as a whole, rather than to the transitions probabilities (to improve scaling in $S$), and we define Bernstein-based "exploration bonuses" that use the empirical variance of the estimated values at the next states (to improve scaling in $H$).
Impact of E-E scattering to the hot carrier degradation of deep submicron NMOSFETs (1998)

The hot carrier degradation of short channel NMOSFETs (L/sub EFF/=0.07-0.10 μm) stressed at 2.0 V/spl les/V/sub DS//spl les/2.9 V and a wide V/sub GS/ range is shown NOT to obey the classic hot carrier "lucky electron model". In the low and mid V/sub GS/ range, the degradation behavior is better described by an effective electron temperatures model proposed here, which takes e-e scattering effects into account. In the high V/sub GS/ regime, a further lifetime reduction can be qualitatively explained within this model by the increase in electron concentration at the Si-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface near the drain region.
Population density‐dependent regulation of exopolysaccharide formation in the hyperthermophilic bacterium <i>Thermotoga maritima</i> (2004)

Co-cultivation of the hyperthermophiles Thermotoga maritima and Methanococcus jannaschii resulted in fivefold higher T. maritima cell densities when compared with monoculture as well as concomitant formation of exopolysaccharide and flocculation of heterotroph-methanogen cellular aggregates. Transcriptional analysis of T. maritima cells from these aggregates using a whole genome cDNA microarray revealed the induction of a putative exopolysaccharide synthesis pathway, regulated by intracellular levels of cyclic diguanosine 3',5'-(cyclic)phosphate (cyclic di-GMP) and mediated by the action of several GGDEF proteins, including a putative diguanylate cyclase (TM1163) and a putative phosphodiesterase (TM1184). Transcriptional analysis also showed that TM0504, which encodes a polypeptide containing a motif common to known peptide-signalling molecules in mesophilic bacteria, was strongly upregulated in the co-culture. Indeed, when a synthetically produced peptide based on TM0504 was dosed into the culture at ecologically relevant levels, the production of exopolysaccharide was induced at significantly lower cell densities than was observed in cultures lacking added peptide. In addition to identifying a pathway for polysaccharide formation in T. maritima, these results point to the existence of peptide-based quorum sensing in hyperthermophilic bacteria and indicate that cellular communication should be considered as a component of the microbial ecology within hydrothermal habitats.
Microwave-induced hyperthermia and radiotherapy in human superficial tumours: Clinical results with a comparative study of combined treatment versus radiotherapy alone (1987)

Eighty-five evaluable superficial recurrent malignant tumours, mainly adenocarcinomas (78 per cent), in 38 patients were treated with either combined local hyperthermia (41-45 degrees C for four sessions) and low dose radiotherapy (30.0 Gy) or the same low dose radiotherapy alone. The treatment was given for two weeks. Hyperthermia was induced externally with 2450 MHz or 915 MHz microwaves. Totally 57 tumours were given combined treatment with a complete and partial response rate of 46 and 30 per cent, respectively (duration 1-38 months). In 18 patients with 2-10 superficial tumours each, 56 tumours were used in a comparative study, comparing the effect of combined hyperthermia and low dose radiotherapy versus the same low dose radiotherapy alone, the patients acting as their own controls. The total response rates were 89 and 50 per cent, respectively, in the two treatment modality groups. The difference in response rates is significant (p = 0.0039) in favour of the combined treatment, and this is also found when comparing complete remissions only (p = 0.0027). Local pain and normal tissue reactions presented problems during and after 2450 MHz microwave-induced hyperthermia treatment, performed without a coupling water bag system. Introduction of 915 MHz microwave-induced hyperthermia with a coupling deionized water bag system and refinement of microwave applicators, as well as the temperature control system considerably reduced these problems.
Investigation of a low cost solder bumping technique for flip-chip interconnection (2003)

As the demand for flip-chip products increases, the need for high volume, low cost manufacturing processes also increases. All technology roadmaps point towards higher performance products based on finer pitch, high I/O count components. These requirements will push existing low cost solder bumping technologies to their practical limits and future products may have to use higher cost, lower throughput production strategies to achieve the requisite feature sizes. Currently, solder paste printing is the solder deposition method of choice for device pitches down to 150-200 /spl mu/m; however, limitations in print quality and solder paste volume mean that this technology is not likely to move significantly below this pitch. The attractiveness of solder paste printing as a deposition technique due to its low cost and established infrastructure mean that methods for extending its application beyond 150 /spl mu/m pitch would be desirable. This paper describes experiments conducted on carriers made from silicon for bumping of die using solder paste. An anisotropic etching process was used to generate pockets in the silicon surface into which solder paste was printed. Die were then placed against the carrier and reflowed to transfer the solder directly to the bond pads. An assessment was carried out of the potential application and limitations of this technique for device pitches at 225 and 127 /spl mu/m. This was based on experimental observations and model calculations of the efficiency with which the Si carrier apertures could be filled with solder paste.
A mutation in the MSH5 gene results in alkylation tolerance. (1997)

DNA methylating agents such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) are potent carcinogens; their carcinogenic effect is mainly due to the effect of production of O6-methylguanine (O6 MeG) on DNA. O6 MeG is not only mutagenic but also toxic to the cell because Mer-/Mex- cells unable to remove O6 MeG are very sensitive to killing by MNNG. It has been proposed that repeated futile mismatch correction of O6 MeG-containing bp is responsible for the genotoxicity of the O6 MeG lesion and that loss of mismatch repair activity results in cellular tolerance to O6 MeG, but the hypothesis has not been proved. We used yeast as a model to test this hypothesis and found that chromosome deletion of any known nuclear mitotic mismatch repair genes, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, and PMS1, did not rescue mgt1delta O6 MeG DNA repair methyltransferase-deficient cells from killing by MNNG. A large number of mgt1delta, MNNG-tolerant revertants were isolated, among which one cell line, XS-14, has been found to carry a mutated allele of the MSH5 gene. The mutation also affected spore survival but did not increase the spontaneous mutation rate. We further demonstrated that a mutated form of the MSH5 gene, msh5-14, not the msh5delta-null mutation, is responsible for the cellular tolerance to MNNG in XS-14 cells. This observation offers an alternative model that may reconcile seemingly contradictory observations of yeast and mammalian cells.
Vacuum Brazing of Aluminum (1972)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Fluxless vacuum brazing is now a commercially feasible process for joining a large variety of aluminum heat exchangers, particularly the common automotive and aircraft types. The advantages offered by this process include: improved quality of the brazed assemblies, lower production costs, elimination of air and stream pollution, elimination of safety hazards, and the potential for improved product designs.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the process used to vacuum braze aluminum, analyses the overall cost of the process, discusses selection of alloys suitable for vacuum brazing, and deals with the application of the process to commercial production.</div>
Experimental proof of Doppler bandwidth invariance (1992)

A line flow of scatterers crossing the sound field produced by a focused circular transducer at uniform velocity originates a quasi-triangular Doppler spectrum. It is known that the spectrum shape and width depend on the line flow to beam axis angle, as well as on the transducer geometry. It has recently been theoretically predicted that this spectrum width is independent of the flow line location in the sound field. Experimental verification of the new theorem, based on the use of a thread phantom operated at various orientations, ranges, and offsets, with respect to the ultrasound transducer, is presented. The tests were made with a computerized pulsed Doppler system designed to perform optimal real-time spectral analysis of data obtained in this application. The prototype system and the experimental procedure adopted for demonstrating in vitro the invariance of the Doppler spectral bandwidth are described.