gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of soluble, active human macrophage colony stimulating factor in Escherichia coli (1997)

Human macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) has been successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli AD494 (DE3) with an expression level of approximate 26% of the total cellular proteins. The truncated human M-CSF gene encoding the amino-terminal 149 amino acids was subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET11d under the control of the inducible T7 promoter. Nearly 40% of the recombinant protein was in the soluble fraction which showed obvious stimulating effects on mouse macrophage colony formation and had an M-CSF specific activity of approximately 1 x 10(6) units/mg soluble protein.
Separates (1977)

As an additional member service, AGU is offering for sale individual reprints of articles from all its primary journals except Radio Science . These separates are not intended to replace journal subscriptions. They simply provide members the opportunity to purchase articles from those AGU journals to which they would not ordinarily subscribe. In addition this program will allow institutions to acquire High‐quality reproductions in small to large quantities quickly and economically and without any question of possible copyright infringement. Such orders may be placed to fill the needs of a small seminar or a class. Realizing the particular value of review articles for classroom use, AGU is making separates from Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics available from volume 1 to the present for that journal.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydro-β-Carbolines and Tetrahydro-γ-Carbolines Via Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Allylic Alkylation (2006)

A novel Pd-catalyzed intramolecular allylic alkylation of indoles allows THBCs and THGCs to be effectively synthesized in high yields and excellent enantiomeric excesses (ee up to 97%).
IL-35 is essential for protection against collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) following intervention with <i>Escherichia coli</i> colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) fimbriae (116.2) (2012)

Abstract Mucosal intervention with CFA/I fimbriae effectively diminishes CIA by stimulation of TGF-β+ and IL-10+ regulatory CD39+CD4+ T cells (Tregs), resulting in suppression of Th1 and Th17 cells and IL-27. CFA/I also stimulates Tregs expressing p35 and EBI3 subunits simultaneously, suggesting an essential role of IL-35 in CFA/I-mediated protection. We hypothesize CFA/I fimbriae stimulate endogenous IL-35 production to facilitate protection against autoimmune disease. In testing the relevance of endogenous IL-35 for protection, oral delivery of recombinant CFA/I into EBI3-/- mice on day 14 after CIA induction was found ineffective against CIA compared to similarly treated WT mice, as evidenced by the lack of suppression of IL-17 and IFN-γ (the latter increased 5-fold ). CFA/I-treated EBI3-/- mice lacked enhanced CREB phosphorylation that, in turn, failed to stimulate the transcription of CD39 (apyrase). In fact, surface apyrase activity by EBI3-/- CD4+ T cells was uninduced. Because of the lack of induced CD39 expression, IL-10 production was greatly diminished. Clinical improvement of CIA in CFA/I-treated EBI3-/- mice required further intervention with recombinant IL-35, resulting in the induction of CD39+CD4+ T cells, enhanced TGF-β production, and reduction in IFN-γ and IL-17. Thus, in the absence of endogenous IL-35, mucosal CFA/I fimbriae intervention is ineffective against autoimmune arthritis. Supported by AT-004986.
In-situ UV absorption CF 2 sensor for reactive ion etch process control (1999)

In this article, we report the use of ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy for CF<SUB>2</SUB> detection in a large area parallel plate capacitively coupled reactive ion etching system and correlation of data from this and other plasma sensors to the etch rate of SiO<SUB>2</SUB> and a-Si in CF<SUB>4</SUB>/CHF<SUB>3</SUB> plasmas. We present statistical models for estimation of a- Si etch rate in the operational regime in which the CF<SUB>2</SUB> concentration is in the range of 0.4 approximately 1.6 volume % of total gas in the etch chamber. A small change in CF<SUB>2</SUB> concentration translates into quite a large variation in terms of SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/a-Si etch selectivity, and this makes CF<SUB>2</SUB> concentration a useful variable in process control. We will show statistically that silicon etch rates can be very well estimated by using sensors for CF<SUB>2</SUB> and fluorine.
Lifting Based Wavelet Transforms on Graphs (2009)

We present a novel method to implement lifting based wavelet transforms on general graphs. The detail and approximation coefficients computed from this graph transform can be interpreted similarly to their counterparts in standard signal processing process. Our approach is based on partitioning all nodes in the graph into two sets, containing "even" and "odd" nodes, respectively. Then, as in standard lifting, nodes of one parity are used to predict/update those of the other. We discuss the even-odd assignment problem on the graph and provide a solution that is well suited to construct the transform. As an example we discuss how our transform could be used in a denoising application.
Nonparametric Steganalysis of QIM Steganography Using Approximate Entropy (2011)

This paper proposes an active steganalysis method for quantization index modulation (QIM)-based steganography. The proposed nonparametric steganalysis method uses irregularity (or randomness) in the test image to distinguish between the cover image and the stego image. We have shown that plain quantization (quantization without message embedding) induces regularity in the resulting quantized object, whereas message embedding using QIM increases irregularity in the resulting QIM-stego. Approximate entropy, an algorithmic entropy measure, is used to quantify irregularity in the test image. The QIM-stego image is then analyzed to estimate secret message length. To this end, the QIM codebook is estimated from the QIM-stego image using first-order statistics of the image coefficients in the embedding domain. The estimated codebook is then used to estimate secret message. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can successfully estimate the hidden message from the QIM-stego with very low decoding error probability. For a given cover object the decoding error probability depends on embedding rate and decreases monotonically, approaching zero as the embedding rate approaches one.
Azotobacteraceae : the taxonomy and ecology of the aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (1979)

Azotobacteraceae :the taxonomy and ecology of the aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria , Azotobacteraceae :the taxonomy and ecology of the aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Pharmacology of appetite suppression (2000)

Despite a rising worldwide epidemic of obesity there is currently only a very small number of anti-obesity drugs available to manage the problem. Large numbers of differing pharmacological agents reliably produce a reduction in food intake when administered acutely to animals, and when administered chronically they result in a significant decrease in body mass. Behavioural analysis of drug-induced anorexia in animals demonstrates that various compounds profoundly effect feeding behaviour in differing ways. This indicates the variety of mechanisms by which pharmacological agents can induce changes in food intake, body weight and eventually body composition. Some of the same drugs produce decreases in food intake and weight loss in humans. Some of these drugs do so by modifying the functioning of the appetite system as measured by subjective changes in feelings of hunger and fullness (indices of satiety). Such drugs can be considered as "appetite suppressants" with clinical potential as anti-obesity agents. Other drugs induce changes in food intake and body weight through various physiological mechanisms inducing feelings of nausea or even by side effect related malaise. Of the drugs considered suitable candidates for appetite suppressants are agents which act via peripherally satiety peptide systems (such as CCK, Bombesin/GRP, Enterostatin and GLP-1), or alter the CNS levels of various hypothalamic neuropeptides (NPY, Galanin, Orexin and Melanocortins) or levels of the key CNS appetite monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA). Recently, the hormone leptin has been regarded as a hormonal signal linking adipose tissue status with a number of key central nervous system circuits. The peptide itself stimulates leptin receptors and it links with POMC and MC-4 receptors. These receptors may also provide drug targets for the control of appetite. Any changes induced by a potential appetite suppressant should be considered in terms of the (i) psychological experience and behavioural expression of appetite, (ii) metabolism and peripheral physiology, and (iii) functioning of CNS neural pathways. In humans, modulation of appetite may involve changes in total caloric consumption, subjective changes in feelings of hunger and fullness, preferences for specific food items, and general macronutrient preferences. These may be expressed behaviourally as changes in meal patterns, snacking behaviour and food choice. Within the next 20 years it is certain that clinicians will have a new range of anti-obesity compounds available to choose from. Such novel compounds may act on a single component of the appetite system or target a combination of these components detailed in this review. Such compounds used in combination with lifestyle changes and dietary intervention may be useful in dealing with the rising world epidemic of obesity.
Experimental acute traumatic injury of the adult rat spinal cord by a subdural inflatable balloon: Methodology, behavioral analysis, and histopathology (1992)

We describe an experimental model to produce closed traumatic injuries to the spinal cord of adult rats. This model uses an inflatable balloon that is introduced in the dorsal subdural space and moved to a location rostral to the laminectomy site. The spinal cord trauma can be graded by varying either the duration of compression or the volume of saline used to inflate the balloon. The locomotor deficit of animals with various degrees of injury has been assessed at increasing delays after trauma. The parameters generating transient or definitive deficits of varying intensity were defined. Some injured animals underwent nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Detailed histopathological studies demonstrated that the extent of the spinal lesion was significantly correlated with the physical parameters of compression and with the severity of the behavioral deficit.
Influence of subinhibitory levels of antibiotics on expression of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and binding of anti-lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibodies (1993)

The expression of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the binding capacity of anti-LPS monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to E. coli grown in the presence or absence of subinhibitory concentrations of various antibiotics was studied. Four E. coli strains (three clinical blood-culture isolates and an isogenic, non-capsulate mutant of the O18:K1 parent) were grown in the presence of the beta-lactam antibiotic, ampicillin, the aminoglycoside gentamicin, the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. The techniques of silver staining, immunoblotting, whole-cell ELISA and flow cytometry were all used to monitor the expression of LPS on the bacteria and the binding of the anti-LPS MAbs. Treatment with ampicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin resulted in enhanced binding of anti-core reactive MAbs to most E. coli strains. Overall, treatment with gentamicin produced the least effect on MAb binding. The presence of chloramphenicol decreased the expression of high molecular mass O-antigen or increased the expression of low molecular mass substituted E. coli LPS or both. These results further illustrate that LPS core, especially the inner-core region, becomes more accessible to antibodies when bacteria are grown in the presence of certain antibiotics. Possible synergy between antibodies and antibiotics for treatment of septicaemia and septic shock remains an intriguing possibility.
Filament Winding Cylinders (1990)

By using the Lee-Springer filament winding model temperatures, degrees of cure, viscosities, stresses, strains, fiber tensions, fiber motions, and void diameters were calculated in graphite-epoxy composite cylinders during the winding and subsequent cur ing. The results demonstrate the type of information which can be generated by the model. It is shown, in reference to these results, how the model, and the corresponding WIND- THICK code, can be used to select the appropriate process variables.
Role of hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGF activator) in invasive growth of human glioblastoma cells <i>in vivo</i> (2005)

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a multifunctional growth factor that is involved in invasive growth of tumor cells via its receptor MET, a protein product of c-met proto-oncogene. HGF activator (HGFA) is a serine proteinase responsible for the activation of proform of HGF/SF (proHGF/SF). In our study, we examined the effects of engineered expression of HGFA on 2 human glioblastoma cell lines (YKG-1 and U251). Both cells expressed MET, while only YKG-1 expressed endogenous proHGF/SF. Enhanced MET phosphorylation and increased migratory activity were induced by the expression of HGFA in YKG-1 cells in vitro in the presence of thrombin, which is a known activator of proHGFA. In contrast, MET phosphorylation was consistently observed in U251 that lacked endogenous HGF/SF, suggesting ligand-independent activation of MET in this cell line. Consequently, the expression of HGFA in U251 did not enhance the MET phosphorylation and following cellular response even with the thrombin treatment. However, addition of exogenous proHGF/SF resulted in enhanced migratory activity of HGFA-expressing U251 cells in the presence of thrombin in vitro. The engineered HGFA expression resulted in significantly enhanced tumor growth with increased vascular density in vivo when YKG-1 cells were implanted in nude mouse brain. This effect was not observed in U251 lacking endogenous proHGF/SF. These results indicate the possible existence of multiple mechanisms of MET activation in glioblastomas and that the activation system of proHGF/SF is important in progression of glioblastomas that express endogenous proHGF/SF and require ligand-dependent MET activation.
The Impact of Pending Technologies on a Universal Connector Standard (1986)

Standardization of pacemaker lead connectors promises to aid clinical practice. In the past, clinician concern for continued innovation has moderated calls for standardization. Today, connector standards are under consideration in the International Pacemaker Standards Working Group. Reliability, compatibility with existing implanted leads, and interchangeability between bipolar and unipolar leads are among the clinical concerns the standard process must address. Pending technologies will limit the future utility of the standard or be impeded by its regulatory imposition. Well-informed decision making in the standards process combined with a practical appraisal of the impact on future technology will help assure that, in balance, a net benefit to clinical practice results from connector standardization. The issues warrant broad review and discussion among individuals and groups interested in pacing.
PReS-FINAL-2260: Provisional findings of an on-going study of musculoskeletal anomalies in a national cohort of patients with trisomy 21 (2013)

Musculoskeletal complications of Down syndrome are common. Joint laxity is almost universal. This, in combination with low muscle tone, contribute to increased risk of a number of musculoskeletal disorders e.g. atlanto-axial instability, patella instability & pes planus. Arthritis in children with Down syndrome is also reported. Down's Arthropathy (DA) is thought to be 3-6 times more common than JIA in the general paediatric population. Despite this fact, DA is rarely recognised at onset & remains under-diagnosed. This contributes to unnecessary disability & functional impairment.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Chemo‐ and Diastereoselective C(sp<sup>2</sup>)—H Functionalization of Enaminones for the Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,4‐c]‐quinolin‐1‐one Derivatives. (2016)

Abstract Novel one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4‐c]‐quinolinones starting from enaminones and diazo compounds by sequential addition of the Au(I) catalyst and TosOH under mild reaction conditions is developed.
Application of Raman-distributed amplification to WDM transmission systems using 1.55-μm dispersion-shifted fiber (2001)

A numerical design method for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems employing distributed Raman amplification (DRA) is proposed. This method evaluates fiber nonlinear effects by considering the equivalent fiber loss with DRA. The method is used to evaluate the performance of WDM transmission systems in which DRA is employed in a 1.55-/spl mu/m dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF) transmission line. Transmission limit and the optimum fiber input powers for 1550-nm band (C-band) and 1580-nm band (L-band) transmission are investigated. Results show that bidirectional pumping is the best approach to extending transmission distance. Furthermore, the transport limits of optical transport networks that use DRA and optical add/drop multiplexers are analyzed.
Network management standards: approaches by T1M1 and an LEC perspective (1990)

The authors present an overview of TSC T1M1 standards projects, as well as important standards required for remote management and operation of a telecommunications network. They provide an LEC (local exchange carrier) perspective on the need for a standard interface to facilitate end-to-end customer network management and they describe a new, related standards project in T1M1.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Summary for Policymakers (2015)

The Working Group III contribution to the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) assesses literature on the scientific, technological, environmental, economic and social aspects of mitigation of climate change. It builds upon the Working Group III contribution to the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), the Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN) and previous reports and incorporates subsequent new findings and research. The report also assesses mitigation options at different levels of governance and in different economic sectors, and the societal implications of different mitigation policies, but does not recommend any particular option for mitigation.
Interactive Web Video Advertising with Context Analysis and Search (2010)

Online media services and electronic commerce are booming recently. Previous studies have been devoted to contextual advertising, but few work deals with interactive web advertising. In this paper, we propose to put users in the loop of collecting contextual ad information with an interaction process, establishing semantic ad links across media platforms. Given an ad video, the key frames with explicit product information are located, which allow users to click favorite key frames for searching ads interactively. A three-stage contextual search is applied to find relevant products or services from web pages, i.e., searching visually similar product images on shopping websites, ranking product tags by text aggregation, and re-search textual items consisting of semantic meaningful tags to make a recommendation. In addition, users can choose automatically suggested keywords to reflect their intentions. Subjective evaluation has demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach to interactive video advertising over the Web.
Enzymatic Logic of Anthrax Stealth Siderophore Biosynthesis:  AsbA Catalyzes ATP-Dependent Condensation of Citric Acid and Spermidine (2007)

Petrobactin is an iron-chelating siderophore originally isolated from Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus that has been shown to play an important role in growth under iron-deficient conditions and virulence of the deadly bioterrorism agent Bacillus anthracis. It has recently been shown not to bind to siderocalin, leading it to be designated as a “stealth siderophore” that can avoid the mammalian immune system. A unique combination of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and NRPS-independent siderophore (NIS) synthetase enzymes is known to be required for petrobactin biosynthesis in B. anthracis. Here it is shown that AsbA from B. anthracis, the first type A NIS synthetase to be biochemically characterized, catalyzes ATP-dependent regioselective condensation of citric acid with N8 of spermidine, but not with N1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-spermidine. These results rule out a recently proposed pathway for petrobactin biosynthesis involving AsbA-catalyzed condensation of N1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-spermidine with citric acid and show that acylation of N1 of spermidine with the 3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl group must occur after acylation of N8 of spermidine with citrate. They also provide the fundamental knowledge needed to establish a high throughput screen for inhibitors of AsbA that may provide the basis for development of new antibiotics for the treatment of deadly anthrax infections.
Overproduction of transposon Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance protein results in cell death and loss of membrane potential (1989)

High-level expression of the Tn10 tetracycline resistance protein TetA in Escherichia coli caused partial collapse of the membrane potential, arrest of growth, and killing of the cells. Since alpha-methylglucoside transport was not affected, the overproduced TetA protein may cause not destruction of membrane structure but rather unrestricted translocation of protons and/or ions across the membrane.
Photoreduction of Graphene Oxides: Methods, Properties, and Applications (2013)

In view of mass‐production and solution‐processing capabilities, graphene oxides (GOs), generally prepared by chemical oxidation of graphite and subsequent exfoliation in aqueous solution, are widely used as an effective route to graphene‐like materials. However, the oxygen‐containing groups (OCGs) on the graphene sheets make GO insulating, which significantly restricts its applications, especially for electronics. Therefore, reduction methods that are used to remove OCGs become critical. In recent years, in addition to thermal and chemical reduction, photoreduction has emerged as an appealing alternative because photoreduction does not rely on either high temperature or toxic chemicals. In this progress report, the recent development of the photoreduction of GOs and their unique properties are highlighted, as well as their related applications. Photoreduction strategies including photothermal reduction, catalytic/catalyst‐free photochemical reduction, and solid state/in‐solution laser reduction are summarized. Moreover, photoreduction of GO permits exquisite control over film conductivities, residual oxygen contents, porosity, and surface wettability, which lead to various functionalities towards a wide range of applications, such as field‐effect‐transistors (FETs), flexible electrodes, sensors, supercapacitors, Li‐ion batteries, photovoltaic devices, and photocatalysis. It is anticipated that, with the rapid progress of photoreduction methodology, GOs would be more competitive in the graphene‐oriented applications.
XML-based heterogeneous database integration system design and implementation (2010)

In this paper, based on the research of the existing heterogeneous database integration systems, according to the data exchange and sharing needs of enterprise heterogeneous databases, a framework for heterogeneous database integration system is proposed and designed, and the key technologies of the system implementation process are also described in detail. The system provides a heterogeneous data sharing and integration middle platform to achieve transparent operation and seamless integration of the heterogeneous data.