gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Official ABAP Programming Guidelines (2009)

How do you program high quality ABAP? This book, the official SAP programming style guide, will show you how to maximize performance, readability, and stability in your ABAP programs. Sorted by programming tasks, the book provides you with guidelines on how best to fulfill each task. Starting with basic considerations on the use of comprehensive programming concepts, the book continues with formal criteria such as organizing your source code, and then concludes with detailed descriptions of the various areas and tasks of ABAP development. Loaded with real-life code examples, both good and bad, this book is truly a must-have guide for serious ABAP developers.
Studies of Biological Effects of Static Magnetic Fields on Vitro Catalase from Bovine Liver in Two Different Conformational States (2002)

Biological effects of 0.23~0.61T static magnetic fields on vitro catalase from bovine liver with two different conformation were studied in this paper by way of activity assay, analyses of ultraviolet differential spectra, multiple dimension fluorescence spectra, and differential scanning calorimetric analyses. The selected conformationals were 4℃ inhibitive and 25℃ active states. The enzyme of 4℃ have different conformation from that of 25℃. After allowed to stand under 0.23~0.61T magnetic fields for various periods of time, as far as the enzymatic solution of 4℃ was concerned, in which temperature the enzymatic molecules were in inhibitive state, the enzyme showed little biological effects judging by activity assay and spectrum analyses; by contrast, when the temperature of the natural enzymatic solution was 25℃, in which temperature the enzyme molecule were activated, after it was exposed in various intensities of magnetic fields for various periods of time the enzyme showed distinct biological effects: its activities rose, and conformation also changed as well. Conformational changes resulted in wavelength λ210~310 nm ultraviolet differential spectra, fluctuations of fluorescence intensity at λ330 nm emission peak, increment of fluorescence polarization, and emersion of differential scanning calorimetric curves. Different effects of magnetic fields on enzyme between 4℃ inhibitive and 25℃ active states may be essentially caused by the difference of their initial conformational states when they were treated in the same setting.
Thermal Decomposition of Hydrocarbons, Resonance Stabilization and Isomerization of Free Radicals<sup>1</sup> (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal Decomposition of Hydrocarbons, Resonance Stabilization and Isomerization of Free Radicals1Alexander Kossiakoff and Francis Owen RiceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 4, 590–595Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01244a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01244a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1503Altmetric-Citations270LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Speciation without Chromatography Using Selective Hydride Generation: Inorganic Arsenic in Rice and Samples of Marine Origin (2013)

Because of the toxicity of inorganic arsenic (iAs), only iAs needs to be monitored in food and feedstuff. This demands the development of easy and quick analytical methods to screen large number of samples. This work focuses on hydride generation (HG) coupled with an ICPMS as an arsenic detector where the HG is added as a selective step to determine iAs in the gaseous phase while organically bound As remains in the solution. iAs forms volatile arsine species with high efficiency when treated with NaBH4 at acidic conditions, whereas most other organoarsenic compounds do not form any or only less volatile arsines. Additionally, using high concentrations of HCl further reduces the production of the less volatile arsines and iAs is almost exclusively formed, therefore enabling to measure iAs without a prior step of species separation using chromatography. Here, we coupled a commercially available HG system to an ICPMS and optimized for determination of iAs in rice and samples of marine origin using different acid concentrations, wet and dry plasma conditions, and different reaction gas modes. Comparing this method to conventional HPLC-ICPMS, no statistical difference in iAs concentration was found and comparable limits of detections were achieved using less than half the instrument time.
A structural and behavioral reasoning system for diagnosing large-scale systems (1993)

A real-time diagnosis system for the detector used in the heavy ion superconducting spectrometer (HISS) experiments is examined. The system is multileveled, combining a single monitoring level based on statistical methods with two model-based diagnostic levels, one operating on structural information and the other using both structural and behavioral models. The model-based approach mitigates the combinatorial complexity of rule-based systems, and the multilevel nature of the architecture mimics the way an expert would diagnose a large-scale system; it takes a broad, shallow look at all the system data and components, produces a limited set of subject components, and then looks at that limited set plus a reduced set of data to identify the most probable suspects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mapping genetic determinants for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to soluble CD4 (1992)

Neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection with soluble CD4 (sCD4) can be achieved over a broad range of concentrations for different virus strains. Laboratory virus strains passaged in transformed T-cell lines are typically sensitive to sCD4 neutralization, whereas primary virus isolates require over 100-fold-higher sCD4 concentrations. Using recombinant viruses generated from a laboratory strain, HIV-1NL4-3, and a primary macrophagetropic strain, HIV-1JR-FL, we mapped a region of gp120 important for determining sensitivity to sCD4 neutralization. This same region has previously been defined as important for macrophage and transformed T-cell line tropism and includes the V3 neutralization domain but does not include regions of gp120 that have been shown to be most important for CD4 binding.
A theoretical and experimental investigation of the tagging efficiency of pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (2007)

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is capable of noninvasively measuring blood flow by magnetically tagging the protons in arterial blood, which has been conventionally achieved using instantaneous (PASL) or continuous (CASL) RF pulses. As an intermediate method, pseudocontinuous ASL (pCASL) utilizes a train of discrete RF pulses to mimic continuous tagging that is often unavailable on imagers due to the requirement of continuous RF transmit capabilities. In the present study, we implemented two versions of pCASL (balanced and unbalanced gradient waveforms in tag and control scans) for both transmit/receive coils and array receivers. Experimental data show a 50% +/- 4% increase of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared with PASL and a higher tagging efficiency than amplitude-modulated (AM) CASL (80% vs. 68%). Computer simulations predict an optimal tagging efficiency of 85% for flow velocities from 10 to 60 cm/s. It is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the tagging efficiency of pCASL is dependent upon the resonance offset and flip angle of the RF pulse train. We conclude that pCASL has the potential of combining the merits of PASL, including less hardware demand and higher tagging efficiency, and CASL, which includes a longer tagging bolus and thus higher SNR. These improvements provide a better balance between tagging efficiency and SNR.
4-bit rapid single-flux-quantum decoder (1995)

We describe the design of a fast single-flux-quantum decoder which can be used, e.g., in fast RAMs, general-purpose microprocessors, and communication channel switches. The core of the circuit is a tree of the single-bit SFQ demultiplexer with toggle (rather than the reset-set) control. Three new RSFQ cells: the demultiplexer, D flip-flop with complementary outputs, and serial XOR with large parameter tolerances (dc bias margins of /spl plusmn/25%, /spl plusmn/26%, and /spl plusmn/27%, respectively) have been developed for the decoder project. We have designed the first 16-bit prototype of the decoder for 1-kA/cm/sup 2/ niobium-trilayer technology and tested it at low frequencies. The circuit was completely operable except for 3 (of 16) output SFQ/DC converters. Simulations show that the circuit should allow data rate in excess of 60 Gbit/s and channel switching time below 20 ps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, and Animal Function (1993)

Reactive oxygen metabolites generated during normal metabolism and metabolism stimulated by xenobiotics can enter into reactions that, when uncontrolled, can impair performance of dairy cows. Direct effects include peroxidative changes in membranes and other cellular components. Indirectly, competitive consumption of reducing equivalents can interfere with important metabolic functions and divert glucose from other pathways by inducing the monophosphate shunt. Normally, the body is protected by a wide range of antioxidant systems working in concert. Metal catalysts of oxidative reactions are removed in intracellular fluids by metal-binding macromolecules. Superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase within cells remove superoxide and peroxides before they react with metal catalysis to form more reactive species. Finally, peroxidative chain reactions initiated by reactive species that escaped enzymatic degradation are terminated by chain-breaking antioxidants, including water-soluble ascorbate, glutathione, and urate and lipid-soluble vitamin E, ubiquinone, and beta-carotene. To optimize performance, oxidative stress in high producing cows must be controlled by supplying all known antioxidant nutrients and by minimizing effects of substances that stimulate reactive oxygen metabolites.
A Passive Solution to the CPU Resource Discovery Problem in Cluster Grid Networks (2011)

We present the details of a novel method for passive resource discovery in cluster grid environments, where resources constantly utilize internode communication. Our method offers the ability to nonintrusively identify resources that have available CPU cycles; this is critical for lowering queue wait times in large cluster grid networks. The benefits include: 1) low message complexity, which facilitates low latency in distributed networks, 2) scalability, which provides support for very large networks, and 3) low maintainability, since no additional software is needed on compute resources. Using a 50-node (multicore) test bed (DETERlab), we demonstrate the feasibility of our method with experiments utilizing TCP, UDP, and ICMP network traffic. We use a simple but powerful technique that monitors the frequency of network packets emitted from the Network Interface Card (NIC) of local resources. We observed the correlation between CPU load and the timely response of network traffic. A highly utilized CPU will have numerous, active processes which require context switching. The latency associated with numerous context switches manifests as a delay signature within the packet transmission process. Our method detects that delay signature to determine the utilization of network resources. Results show that our method can consistently and accurately identify nodes with available CPU cycles (<;70 percent CPU utilization) through analysis of existing network traffic, including network traffic that has passed through a switch (noncongested). Also, in situations where there is no existing network traffic for nodes, ICMP ping replies can be used to ascertain this resource information.
SOME MODEL TESTS ON MULTI-STOREY RIGID STEEL FRAMES. (1959)

Keywords OVE ARUP MODELS, TESTS, MULTI STOREY, RIGID, STEEL, FRAMES, INSTABILITY, COLLAPSE, LOADS, PLANE, ELASTIC... Show All
Factors Affecting Hexose Phosphorylation in <i>Acetobacter xylinum</i> (1972)

Fructose was oxidized and converted to cellulose by cells of Acetobacter xylinum grown on fructose or succinate, but not by cells grown on glucose. In resting fructose-grown cells, glucose strongly suppressed fructose utilization. Extracts obtained from fructose- or succinate-grown cells catalyzed the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent formation of the 6-phosphate esters of glucose and fructose, whereas glucose-grown cell extracts phosphorylated glucose but not fructose. Fructokinase and glucokinase activities were separated and partially purified from cells grown on glucose, fructose, or succinate. Whereas fructokinase phosphorylated fructose only, glucokinase was active towards glucose and less active towards mannose and glucosamine. The optimal pH for the fructokinase was 7.4 and for the glucokinase was 8.5. The K(m) values for the fructokinase were: fructose, 6.2 mm; and ATP, 0.83 mm. The K(m) values for the glucokinase were: glucose, 0.22 mm; and ATP, 4.2 mm. Fructokinase was inhibited by glucose, glucosamine, mannose, and deoxyglucose in a manner competitive with respect to fructose, with K(i) values of 0.1, 0.14, 0.5, and 7.5 mm, respectively. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) inhibited both kinases noncompetitively with respect to ATP. The K(i) values were: 1.8 mm (ADP) and 2.1 mm (AMP) for fructokinase, and 2.2 mm (ADP) and 9.6 mm (AMP) for glucokinase. Fructose metabolism in A. xylinum appears to be regulated by the synthesis and activity of fructokinase.
A novel directivity/beam reconfigurable M-EBG antenna (2010)

Directivity/Beam control antennas are an interesting solution for wireless communication and radar application. To achieve a reconfigurable radiation pattern, active printed arrays are well suited thanks to an easy interconnection between printed technology and active devices. But a low performance is often obtained because of microstripline losses and coupling between elements. Moreover, in such frequency range, phase shifters and amplifiers are scarce and expensive. As an alternative to these conventional beam switching technologies, reconfigurable Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) antennas can be used.
GF(2/sup K/) multipliers based on Montgomery Multiplication Algorithm (2004)

Finite Field arithmetic is becoming increasingly a very prominent solution for calculations in many applications. The most demanding Finite Field arithmetic operation is multiplication. In this paper two Finite Field multiplier architectures and VLSI implementations are proposed using the Montgomery Multiplication Algorithm. The first architecture (Folded) is optimized in order to minimize the silicon covered area (gate count) and the second (Pipelined) is optimized in order to reduce the multiplication time delay. Both architectures are measured in terms of gate count-chip covered area and multiplication time delay and have more than adequate results in comparison with other known multipliers.
Synthesis of thermoreactive polysiloxanes with cyclic fragments in the side chain (2009)

Abstract The synthesis of polysiloxanes with pendant unsaturated cyclic fragments have been successfully performed by hydrosilylation reactions of polymethylhydrosiloxane with 4‐vinyl‐1‐cyclohexene in the presence of platinum hydrochloric acid (0.1 M solution in THF), Karstedt's catalyst (Pt 2 [(VinSiMe 2 ) 2 O] 3 ) and platinum on the charcoal (5%). Reactions were carried out at various temperatures with different ratios of initial compounds. It was shown, that not all active ≡SiH groups take part in the hydrosilylation reaction. Some kinetic parameters of reactions were studied. The synthesized oligomers were characterized by FTIR, 1 H, 13 C, H,H‐COSY, and C,H‐correlation NMR spectroscopy. Calculations using the quantum‐chemical semi empirical AM1 method for modeling reactions between methyldimethoxysilane [Me(MeO) 2 SiH] and 4‐vinyl‐1‐cyclohexene were performed to evaluate possible reaction paths. Synthesized oligomers were characterized by gel‐permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetric, thermogravimetric, and wide‐angle X‐ray analyses. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Reaction of cis-9-octadecene and related compounds with aqueous perchloric acid (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of cis-9-octadecene and related compounds with aqueous perchloric acidJohn S. Showell and Ian S. ShepherdCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 4, 1097–1103Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01256a070https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01256a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Increased expression of recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator in <i>Leishmania tarentolae</i> (2010)

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is one of the most important thrombolytic agents for treating cardiovascular obstructions such as stroke. Glycoprotein rt-PA is a serine protease, consisting of 527 amino acids of which 35 are cysteine residues. A variety of recombinant protein expression systems have been developed for heterologous gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts. In recent years, Leishmania tarentolae has been considered because of its safety aspects and special attributes in expression of complex proteins. In this study, two expression cassettes, each one including two copies of t-PA cDNA, were used for integration into the L. tarentolae genome by electroporation. Transformed clones were selected in the presence of appropriate antibiotics. Expression of active rt-PA was confirmed by Western blot and Zymography tests. Real-time PCR analysis was applied to investigate the presence of multiple t-PA gene copies in the parasite genome. Correlation of t-PA gene dosage and production rate was confirmed with real-time PCR. It was shown that the expression level of rt-PA in L. tarentolae is at least 480 IU/mL of culture media. This concentration of rt-PA is seven times higher than what was reported in previous studies in L. tarentolae and some other eukaryotic systems.
Determination of Low Critical Surface Tensions of Novel Fluorinated Poly(amide urethane) Block Copolymers. 2. Fluorinated Soft-Block Backbone and Side Chains (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Low Critical Surface Tensions of Novel Fluorinated Poly(amide urethane) Block Copolymers. 2. Fluorinated Soft-Block Backbone and Side ChainsToby M. Chapman and Kacey Gribbin MarraCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 6, 2081–2085Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00110a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00110a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views403Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural synthesis of cell-based VLSI circuitsusing a multi-objectivegenetic algorithm (1996)

The authors present the development of a technique which uses a ‘multi objective’ genetic algorithm for the structural synthesis of combinational VLSI circuits by employing one or more cell-based design libraries. Throughout, the genetic evaluation circuits which are optimal with regard to different criteria at various levels within the design hierarchy are sought. The genetic algorithm succeeds in manipulating a highly complex solution space of circuit structures and provides solutions in a relatively small number of generations. The structural cell based GA implemented, the circuit synthesised, and the results obtained, have not been reported in the literature so far.
Genetic mechanisms of solid tumor oncogenesis. (1994)

The study of the genetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes and protooncogenes in solid tumors has greatly increased our understanding of cancer biology. These findings have extended epidemiologic associations of carcinogens with certain tumors. Further analysis of patterns of genetic changes may implicate carcinogenic substances in cases where epidemiology has not been able to do so. Identification of germline mutations in p53, APC, and NF1 has provided improved diagnosis and presymptomatic screening in cancer kindreds. The identification of additional alterations in tumor suppressor genes may further improve the ability to predict inherent cancer risk. Screening strategies based on detection of genetic abnormalities of preinvasive cancerous lesions, such as mutant ras in colonic polyps, may improve early diagnosis. Finally, strategies to replace lost tumor suppressor function may provide a future therapeutic modality.