gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of gilthead seabream (<i>S</i><i>parus aurata</i>) larval growth by dietary vitamin E in relation to two different levels of essential fatty acids (2011)

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) growth and survival, at two different highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) levels. Eighteen days old gilthead seabream larvae were fed four formulated experimental diets combining two different dietary levels of HUFAs (M: medium 2.5 + 1.5, DHA + EPA, H: high 5 + 2.5 DHA + EPA g per 100 g) with two different levels of vitamin E (M: medium 540 mg kg−1, H: high 2900 mg kg−1): MM, MH, HM, HH (HUFA/vitamin E). After 2-week feeding trial, the average survival rate was 52.6% and there were no significant differences found among treatments. Increase in vitamin E up to high level markedly improved larval growth, particularly when dietary HUFA levels were lower, suggesting a higher protection value when these fatty acids are more limiting. At medium dietary HUFA levels, increase in vitamin E from medium to high level enhanced larval growth performance in terms of total length. Moreover, increase in vit E enhanced HUFAs content in the larval polar lipids denoting the anti-oxidative effect of vitamin E.
Severe Depletion of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Regulatory T Cells from the Intestinal Lamina Propria but Not Peripheral Blood or Lymph Nodes during Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2007)

CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress the activation and proliferation of effector lymphocytes. In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, Tregs play a significant role in controlling the apoptotic loss of uninfected CD4+ T cells resulting from high levels of generalized immune activation. During acute HIV-1 infection, more than 50% of CD4+ T cells are depleted from the gastrointestinal lamina propria. To elucidate the role of Tregs in HIV-1-induced depletion of CD4+ T cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), we first determine the distribution of Tregs in a setting of acute infection using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/pigtailed macaque model of HIV-1 disease. CD4+ T cells from the GALT, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood were isolated from SIV-infected pigtailed macaques on days 4, 14, and 114 postinoculation. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR was used to quantitate FOXP3 copy numbers in SIV-infected and uninfected control macaques. Expression of FOXP3 in the ileal lamina propria was significantly decreased at all stages of infection compared to levels in uninfected control macaques. In addition, functional analysis of ileal CD4+ T cells from SIV-infected macaques revealed a lack of suppressive activity suggestive of the absence of Tregs in that compartment. These results indicate that Tregs are rapidly depleted in the GALT of SIV-infected macaques, defining a role for the loss of Treg-mediated suppression in early events in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Modulation of Macrophage Functions by Compounds Isolated from<i>Zingiber officinale</i> (2008)

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of Zingiber Officinale (zingiberaceae) led us to isolate 14 compounds, -gingerol ( 1), -gingerol ( 2), -gingerol ( 3), -gingerol ( 4), -paradol ( 5), -shogaol ( 6), -shogaol ( 7), 1-dehydro- -gingerdione ( 8), -gingerdione ( 9), hexahydrocurcumin ( 10), tetrahydrocurcumin ( 11), gingerenone A ( 12), 1,7-bis-(4' hydroxyl-3' methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxyhepthan-3-one ( 13), and methoxy- -gingerol ( 14). Using the RAW 264.7 cell line, the inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide and the stimulatory effects on phagocytosis of these compounds were evaluated. Compounds 7, 8, and 9 significantly decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production, and compounds 7 and 8 significantly reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Among them, compound 8 also showed significant stimulatory effects on phagocytosis.
Ligand Exchange of Diplatinum Complexes with Bridging Silyl Ligands Involving Si−H Bond Cleavage and Formation (2008)

Reactions of excess H2SiEt2 and H2SiHex2 with [Pt(PCy3)2] at room temperature form mononuclear cis-hydrido(silyl)platinum complexes, cis-[Pt(H)(SiHR2)(PCy3)2] (1: R = Et, 2: R = Hex), which are converted into diplatinum complexes with bridging dialkylsilyl ligands, [{Pt(PCy3)}2(µ-η2-HSiR2)2] (3: R = Et, 4: R = Hex), upon heating at 80 °C. Complex 3 reacts with excess H2SiPhMe and H2SiPh2 to afford dinuclear complexes [{Pt(PCy3)}2(µ-η2-HSiPhR)2] (5: R = Me, 6: R = Ph) via exchange of the bridging silyl ligands. An equimolar reaction of H2SiPh2 with 3 yields a mixture of diplatinum complexes [{Pt(PCy3)}2(µ-η2-HSiEt2)(µ-η2-HSiPh2)] (7) and [{Pt(PCy3)}2(µ-η2:η2-H2SiEt2)(µ-SiPh2)] (8). Use of D2SiPh2 in the reaction results in distribution of deuterium in the diethylsilyl and diphenylsilyl ligands of 7, the diethylsilane ligand of 8, and the diphenylsilyl ligand of 6. Complex 6 undergoes exchange of the phosphine ligands with dmpe (1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) and with dppe (1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) to afford diplatinum complexes with bridging silylene ligands and the chelating diphosphine ligands, [{Pt(dmpe)}2(µ-SiPh2)2] (9) and [{Pt(dppe)}2(µ-SiPh2)2] (10). Short contact between the two Si atoms (2.718(2) and 2.646(2) Å) suggests a weak Si···Si interaction.
Earthquake instability on a strike‐slip fault (1979)

A strain softening model for earthquake instability on a long, vertical, strike‐slip fault is analyzed using continuously distributed screw dislocations. The fault zone constitutive law is represented by a Gaussian‐shaped friction law in which slip softening occurs beyond the peak stress. The peak stress varies as the Gaussian of depth, and the greatest peak stress occurs near the inferred earthquake focus. Material surrounding the fault is modeled by elastic plates with stress‐free surface and bottom; forcing is by a growing displacement applied at the remote plate ends. Inertia‐limited instability (an earthquake analog) occurs when the fault zone weakens with strain faster than the nearby elastic stress can decrease. Thus a ratio of two stiffnesses determines if an instability will occur. Surface strain fields are less uniform for unstable cases than for stable cases.
Extending Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning to Continuous-Time, Average-Reward, and Multi-Agent Models (2003)

Abstract : Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) is a general framework that studies how to exploit the structure of actions and tasks to accelerate policy learning in large domains. Prior work on HRL has been limited to the discrete-time discounted reward semi-Markov decision process (SMDP) model. In this paper we generalize the setting of HRL to average-reward, continuous-time and multi-agent SMDP models. We also describe experimental results from a large-scale real-world domain, attesting to the bene ts of HRL generally, and to our extensions more speci cally. Although in principle any HRL framework could su ce, we focus in this paper on the MAXQ framework. We describe three new hierarchical reinforcement learning algorithms: continuous-time discounted reward MAXQ, discrete-time average reward MAXQ, and continuous-time average reward MAXQ. We also investigate the use of hierarchical reinforcement learning to speed up the acquisition of cooperative multiagent tasks. We extend the MAXQ framework to the multiagent case which we term cooperative MAXQ, where each agent uses the same task hierarchy. Learning is decentralized, with each agent learning three interrelated skills: how to perform subtasks, which order to do them in, and how to coordinate with other agents. Coordination skills among agents are learned by using joint actions at the level(s) of the hierarchy. We use two experimental testbeds to study the empirical performance of our proposed extensions. One domain is a simulated robot trash collection task. The other domain is a much larger real-world multi-agent autonomous guided vehicle (MAGV) problem. We compare the performance of our proposed algorithms with each other, as well as with the original MAXQ method and to standard Q-learning. In the MAGV domain, we show that our proposed extensions outperform widely used industrial heuristics, such as come serve, highest queue first and nearest station first.
Development of a low profile conformal UHF RFID tag antenna for identification of water bottles (2011)

Development of a low profile conformal RFID tag antenna with an omnidirectional pattern when mounted on a water bottle is discussed. Results from full-wave electromagnetic simulations are presented to explain the design procedure and to evaluate the performance of the prototype tag antenna. The design uncertainty is quantified based on the expected maximum variations in the tag antenna and tag chip impedances. Wireless measurements based on the EPC Generation 2 protocol are used in experimental tag design verification. The prototype tag achieves more than two-meter maximum line of sight read range for 866.6 MHz to 954.2 MHz frequency band.
Developments in road transport engineering in N.Z. - 2 (1957)

Another recent development that has met with a great deal of success is the articulated tipper. Again, the general carrier's model truck in short-wheel-base form, is used as a power unit, and the usual capacity for single-axle units is 8 cu. yd., weighing approximately 10 tons. For this capacity it would be an added complication to have the truck-trailer combination, since each would have a separate hydraulic hoist and control, although only one oil-pump need be used. Also, with metal cartage, loads are constant in size and it is simpler to concentrate the load in one body.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral shedding in the respiratory tract: an observational analysis with infection control implications (2014)

Contacts cleared MERS-CoV earlier than ill patients. This finding could be related to the types of sample as well as the types of patient studied. More ill patients with significant comorbidities shed the virus for a significantly longer time. The results of this study could have critical implications for infection control guidance and its application in healthcare facilities handling positive cases.
Fibre optical parametric amplifier operating nearzero-dispersionwavelength (1995)

The authors have investigated the gain characteristics of a fibre-optical parametric amplifier operating near zero-dispersion wavelength. The gain spectrum is very sensitive to the difference between the pump and zero-dispersion wavelengths. A gain of 12 dB and an output saturation power of 8.4 dBm have been demonstrated, with a pump power of 180 mW.
Your Diabetes and How to Live with It (1954)

Your Diabetes and How to Live with It Linnea Anderson CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.44.1.108-a Published Online: August 29, 2011
Tracing Compartmentalized NADPH Metabolism in the Cytosol and Mitochondria of Mammalian Cells (2014)

Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize biochemical processes in different organelles, often relying on metabolic cycles to shuttle reducing equivalents across intracellular membranes. NADPH serves as the electron carrier for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and reductive biosynthesis, with separate cytosolic and mitochondrial pools providing reducing power in each respective location. This cellular organization is critical for numerous functions but complicates analysis of metabolic pathways using available methods. Here we develop an approach to resolve NADP(H)-dependent pathways present within both the cytosol and the mitochondria. By tracing hydrogen in compartmentalized reactions that use NADPH as a cofactor, including the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate by mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase enzymes, we can observe metabolic pathway activity in these distinct cellular compartments. Using this system we determine the direction of serine/glycine interconversion within the mitochondria and cytosol, highlighting the ability of this approach to resolve compartmentalized reactions in intact cells. Â© 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Incorporation of silanes and diphenylacetylene into face-bridged triruthenium carbonyl clusters. Attempted hydrosilylation of diphenylacetylene (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIncorporation of silanes and diphenylacetylene into face-bridged triruthenium carbonyl clusters. Attempted hydrosilylation of diphenylacetyleneJavier A. Cabeza, Santiago Garcia-Granda, Angela Llamazares, Victor Riera, and Juan F. Van der MaelenCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 8, 2973–2979Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00032a019https://doi.org/10.1021/om00032a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Devaluation beliefs and debt crisis: the Argentinian case (2004)

In this paper we will consider a simple small open economy with three assets domestic capital, foreign securities and public debt - to study the government's incentives to devalue and to repay or default the debt. We show that the announcement of a devaluation is anticipated by domestic agents who reduce domestic investments and increase foreign holdings. Once a government devalues, the expectations vanish and the economy recovers its past levels of investment and GDP. However, in a country with international debt denominated in US dollars if a government devalues it requires a higher fraction of GDP to repay its external debt. In consequence, there exists a trade of between recovering the economy and increasing the future cost of repaying the debt. Our main result is to show that, as devaluation beliefs exists, a devaluation increase government incentives to default and devalue. We calibrate our model to match the decrease in investment of domestic capital, the reduction in production, the increase in trade balance surplus, and the increase in debt levels observed throughout 2001 in Argentina. We show that for a probability of devaluation consistent with the risk premium of the Argentinian Government bonds nominated in dollars issued on April 2001 the external debt of Argentina was in a crisis zone were the government find optimal to default and to devalue
SOX2 Is Regulated Differently from NANOG and OCT4 in Human Embryonic Stem Cells during Early Differentiation Initiated with Sodium Butyrate (2014)

Transcription factors NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 regulate self-renewal and pluripotency in human embryonic stem (hES) cells; however, their expression profiles during early differentiation of hES cells are unclear. In this study, we used multiparameter flow cytometric assay to detect all three transcription factors (NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2) simultaneously at single cell level and monitored the changes in their expression during early differentiation towards endodermal lineage (induced by sodium butyrate). We observed at least four distinct populations of hES cells, characterized by specific expression patterns of NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 and differentiation markers. Our results show that a single cell can express both differentiation and pluripotency markers at the same time, indicating a gradual mode of developmental transition in these cells. Notably, distinct regulation of SOX2 during early differentiation events was detected, highlighting the potential importance of this transcription factor for self-renewal of hES cells during differentiation.
Zika virus (2016)

Amanda Coyle is an assistant professor at The College at Brockport in Brockport, N.Y. The author has disclosed no financial relationships related to this article.
DENDRITIC COMPUTATION (2005)

One of the central questions in neuroscience is how particular tasks, or computations, are implemented by neural networks to generate behavior. The prevailing view has been that information processing in neural networks results primarily from the properties of synapses and the connectivity of neurons within the network, with the intrinsic excitability of single neurons playing a lesser role. As a consequence, the contribution of single neurons to computation in the brain has long been underestimated. Here we review recent work showing that neuronal dendrites exhibit a range of linear and nonlinear mechanisms that allow them to implement elementary computations. We discuss why these dendritic properties may be essential for the computations performed by the neuron and the network and provide theoretical and experimental examples to support this view.
Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression levels and DNA methylation profiles of three neighboring genes: FUS1, NPRL2/G21 and RASSF1A in non-small cell lung cancer patients (2015)

The results indicate the potential role of the studied TSGs in the differentiation of NSCLC histopathological subtypes. The significant differences in RASSF1A expression levels between NSCLC and macroscopically unchanged lung tissue highlight its possible diagnostic role in lung cancer in situ recognition. High percentage of lung tumor samples with simultaneous RASSF1A decreased expression and gene promoter methylation indicates its epigenetic silencing. However, DNMT overexpression doesn't seem to be a critical determinate of its promoter hypermethylation.
Second Generation, B-Domain Deleted Recombinant Factor VIII (1997)

A second generation recombinant factor VIII product has been developed and has been undergoing clinical trials since 1993. It is named r-VIII SQ and differs from other recombinant and plasma-derived products in that the B-domain of the molecule, to which no function has yet been ascribed has been deleted. It also has a formulation which does not include albumin. The specific activity is extremely high, 15,000 IU VIII:C/mg protein, and the stability of the reconstituted product is highly satisfactory. The pharmacokinetic properties are similar to those of a monoclonal purified, plasma-derived factor VIII. In clinical trials experience has been acquired from more than 87 previously treated patients on long-term treatment, 20 patients subjected to surgery and 72 previously untreated patients. The record with regard to efficacy and safety is excellent but more experience is needed, especially regarding the risk of inhibitor development. The B-domain-deleted recombinant factor VIII has the potential to improve convenience and cost-benefit in haemophilia care. The safety margin regarding human viruses and other protein contaminants should be better with r-VIII SQ than with earlier products, which all contain far more human protein in their formulations.
A 125-MHz CMOS mixed-signal equalizer for Gigabit Ethernet on copper wire (2002)

A discrete-time mixed-signal linear equalizer designed for the analog front end of Gigabit Ethernet receivers performs cable equalization while relaxing the A/D converter complexity. Based on a coefficient-rotating FIR filter architecture, the circuit incorporates 8 taps that are adapted to the cable characteristics by means of an LMS algorithm. A distributed array of interleaved sampling circuits and a linear low-voltage multiplier topology allow both high speed and low power dissipation. Fabricated in a 0.25-/spl mu/m digital CMOS technology, the equalizer operates at 125 MHz while dissipating 75 mW from a 2.5-V power supply.
Torts: Defining the Duty Imposed on Physicians by the Doctrine of Informed Consent (1996)

In KA.C. v. Benson,' the Minnesota Supreme Court addressed whether a physician was negligent in failing to disclose his HIV 2 seropositive status to patients.'The court reinstated the trial court's grant of summary judgment for the physician, Dr. Philip Benson, holding that the patient's claim could not go forward because the undisclosed risk of HIV exposure did not materialize in harm. 4 The doctrine of informed consent centers upon the principle of selfdetermination, not paternalism.'This Case Note discusses how the K.A.C. court misapplied the law of informed consent and failed to 1. 527 N.W.2d 553 (
Aberrant Expression of PTCH (Patched Gene) and Smo (Smoothened Gene) in Human Pancreatic Cancerous Tissues and Its Association With Hyperglycemia (2006)

Because aberrant expressions of PTCH and Smo were common in human pancreatic carcinoma tissues and were associated with the low-level differentiation of tumor tissue and hyperglycemia, this indicated that these molecules played a fundamental role in pancreas tumorigenesis and were regarded as new targets for diagnosis and treatment of human pancreatic cancer.
Lung CD103+ Dendritic Cells Efficiently Transport Influenza Virus to the Lymph Node and Load Viral Antigen onto MHC Class I for Presentation to CD8 T Cells (2011)

The uptake, transport, and presentation of Ags by lung dendritic cells (DCs) are central to the initiation of CD8 T cell responses against respiratory viruses. Although several studies have demonstrated a critical role of CD11b(low/neg)CD103(+) DCs for the initiation of cytotoxic T cell responses against the influenza virus, the underlying mechanisms for its potent ability to prime CD8 T cells remain poorly understood. Using a novel approach of fluorescent lipophilic dye-labeled influenza virus, we demonstrate that CD11b(low/neg)CD103(+) DCs are the dominant lung DC population transporting influenza virus to the posterior mediastinal lymph node as early as 20 h postinfection. By contrast, CD11b(high)CD103(neg) DCs, although more efficient for taking up the virus within the lung, migrate poorly to the lymph node and remain in the lung to produce proinflammatory cytokines instead. CD11b(low/neg)CD103(+) DCs efficiently load viral peptide onto MHC class I complexes and therefore uniquely possess the capacity to potently induce proliferation of naive CD8 T cells. In addition, the peptide transporters TAP1 and TAP2 are constitutively expressed at higher levels in CD11b(low/neg)CD103(+) DCs, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence of a distinct regulation of the Ag-processing pathway in these cells. Collectively, these results show that CD11b(low/neg)CD103(+) DCs are functionally specialized for the transport of Ag from the lung to the lymph node and also for efficient processing and presentation of viral Ags to CD8 T cells.
Adhesive bonding of polyvinylidene fluoride: Effect of curing agent in PVF2 surface modification (1989)

—We have shown that certain amine and amide curing agents for epoxy resins modify the surface properties of the fluoropolymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF2), thereby permitting the formation of strong adhesive joints. When PVF2 is exposed to these curing agents at the temperatures used in preparing adhesive joints (~70°C), discoloration (darkening) occurs with concomitant gelation. This suggests that there is dehydrofluorination followed by crosslinking. Infrared spectroscopy has been used to follow the course of these reactions. In effect, the curing agent serves a dual function. It reacts with the fluoropolymer both to modify the surface region and to crosslink the epoxy resin.