gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AMP Is an Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonist (2012)

Numerous receptors for ATP, ADP, and adenosine exist; however, it is currently unknown whether a receptor for the related nucleotide adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) exists. Using a novel cell-based assay to visualize adenosine receptor activation in real time, we found that AMP and a non-hydrolyzable AMP analog (deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphonate, ACP) directly activated the adenosine A(1) receptor (A(1)R). In contrast, AMP only activated the adenosine A(2B) receptor (A(2B)R) after hydrolysis to adenosine by ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) or prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP, ACPP). Adenosine and AMP were equipotent human A(1)R agonists in our real-time assay and in a cAMP accumulation assay. ACP also depressed cAMP levels in mouse cortical neurons through activation of endogenous A(1)R. Non-selective purinergic receptor antagonists (pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid and suramin) did not block adenosine- or AMP-evoked activation. Moreover, mutation of His-251 in the human A(1)R ligand binding pocket reduced AMP potency without affecting adenosine potency. In contrast, mutation of a different binding pocket residue (His-278) eliminated responses to AMP and to adenosine. Taken together, our study indicates that the physiologically relevant nucleotide AMP is a full agonist of A(1)R. In addition, our study suggests that some of the physiological effects of AMP may be direct, and not indirect through ectonucleotidases that hydrolyze this nucleotide to adenosine.
Pathologic Features of Prognostic Significance for Adrenocortical Carcinoma After Curative Resection (1999)

Tumor size, hemorrhage, and mitotic count correlate with survival rates for patients undergoing curative resection. Based on these pathologic factors, adrenocortical carcinomas may be divided into low- and high-risk groups.
Augmented Reality with Multilayer Occlusion (2006)

An algorithm for realizing multilayer occlusion in augmented reality (AR) is presented in this paper. We have designed a special scene graph tree comprised of some special nodes, namely EMO nodes. According to the location of real moving object, different EMO node will be activated in real-time, consequently realizing the multilayer occlusion. Differing qualitatively from previous work in AR occlusion, our algorithm realizes multilayer occlusion, and its application domain involves indoor-field occluded objects, which are several meters distant from the viewer. Previous related work has focused on monolayer occlusion, and near-field occluded objects, which are within or just beyond arms reach. In addition, BP neural network is improved to correct the nonlinear error of magnetic sensor, consequently to detect occlusion more effectively. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the multilayer indoor-field occlusion.
SmartVLC (2017)

Visible Light Communication (VLC) based on LEDs has been a hot topic investigated for over a decade. However, most of the research efforts in this area assume the intensity of the light emitted from LEDs is constant. This is not true any more when Smart Lighting is introduced to VLC in recent years, which requires the LEDs to adapt their brightness according to the intensity of the natural ambient light. Smart lighting saves power consumption and improves user comfort. However, intensity adaptation severely affects the throughput performance of the data communication. In this paper, we propose SmartVLC, a system that can maximize the throughput (benefit communication) while still maintaining the LEDs' illumination function (benefit smart lighting). A new adaptive multiple pulse position modulation scheme is proposed to support fine-grained dimming levels to avoid flickering and at the same time, maximize the throughput under each dimming level. SmartVLC is implemented on low-cost commodity hardware and several real-life challenges in both hardware and software are addressed to make SmartVLC a robust realtime system. Comprehensive experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of SmartVLC under multifaceted scenarios. The results demonstrate that SmartVLC supports a communication distance up to 3.6m, and improves the throughput achieved with two state-of-the-art approaches by 40% and 12% on average, respectively, without bringing any flickering to users.
Melatonin Possesses Time-Dependent Hypnotic Effects (1994)

The present study investigated the hypnotic effects of 5 mg melatonin in comparison with placebo when administered at 1200, 1700, 1900 and 2100 hours. Eighteen young adults were studied with the 7/13 ultrashort sleep-wake paradigm after an overnight sleep deprivation. Melatonin was administered according to a double-blind Latin square design. After each administration, melatonin significantly increased sleep propensity, the spectral power in the theta, delta and spindles bands, and subjective sleepiness. It significantly decreased the power in the alpha and beta bands and oral temperature. The latency to maximum effect varied linearly from 3 hours 40 minutes at 1200 hours to 1 hour at 2100 hours. These findings indicate that melatonin possesses a time-dependent hypnotic effect and suggest that endogenous melatonin may participate in sleep-wake regulation.
Comparative Study of Photoluminescence Dynamics of Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) Aluminum-Based Organic Multilayer Structures with Different Types of Energy Lineups (2000)

Photoluminescence (PL) dynamics of aluminumquinoline (Alq 3 ; tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum)-based organic multilayer structures, i.e., Alq 3 /oxadiazole (t-BuPBD; (2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole), Alq 3 /cyclopentadiene (PPCP; 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene), and Alq 3 /diamine (TPD; N,N ′ -diphenyl-N,N ′ -bis-(3-methylphenyl)-[1,1 ′ -biphenyl]-4,4 ′ -diamine), which possess different types of energy lineups (equivalent to types I and II of inorganic semiconductor multilayer structures) of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, were investigated and compared. The fast energy transfer followed by strong PL in Alq 3 was proved for Alq 3 /PBD which is of type-I energy lineup, while the tendency of separation of excitons, i.e., electrons and holes generated in the excited molecules, was demonstrated for Alq 3 /PPCP and Alq 3 /TPD which are of type II. These results indicate that the energy lineup with respect to HOMO and LUMO energy levels can be a guideline for luminescence dynamics in organic multilayer structures.
EFFECTS OF ADDITIVES ON ANTIWEAR AND ANTIFRICTION PROPERTIES OF POLYSILOXANES, (1965)

The effect of some organic compounds containing sulfur, chlorine, and phosphorus on the lubricating action of polysiloxanes of various types under heavy friction loads were studied. Additives that show a high activity in preventing scoring of steel in hydrocarbon lubricating media were much less effective in polysiloxanes. Their activity decreased sharply on transition from polyethylsiloxane to polymethylsiloxane and then to polymethylphenylsiloxanes. They almost had no effect on the lubricating capacity of polymethylphenylsiloxanes. The assumption is made that the decomposition of wellknown additives, which determines their effectiveness in preventing scoring of steel, initiates chain reactions in which the principal components of lubricating oils participate. With increasing stability of lubricating media to reactions in which free radicals take part, the activity of additives that counteract scoring decreases. This explains the lack of effectiveness in polymethylphenylsiloxanes of the additives considered. (Author)
Successful Deployment of Thermal Simulation Technology to Field Office (1996)

Summary We successfully deployed thermal simulation technology to a field office to enable the staff responsible for operating steamfloods to conduct on-site studies of their projects. The success was attributed to a number of factors, including (1) placement of a simulation expert in the field office, (2) formation of a thermal modeling focus group, (3) introduction of simulation software on PC's, (4) increased speed and memory of desktop PC's, and (5) designation of reservoir heat management as a key job responsibility for thermal engineers. Field engineers now routinely use this technology to evaluate investment decisions and development alternatives, manage steamflood reservoirs, and optimize project operations. Field engineers have carried out many simulation studies by use of the desktop technology. Examples include (1) optimizing slim-hole injector-injector spacing and injector-horizontal producer spacing in a dipping reservoir, (2) fine-tuning water and steam injection periods in a fieldwide application of the water-alternating-steam process, and (3) evaluating the economic potential of heavy oil, trough reservoirs. These studies have resulted in adding value to heavy oil assets by reducing operating costs or increasing reserves.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (1998)

The North American guidelines for pneumonia generally show agreement in both the Canadian and American approaches. However, much new data have appeared since the original recommendations, and revisions are needed. The general approach to empiric therapy that has been proposed in both the Canadian and American Thoracic Society documents does appear to be valid, and future recommendations will probably use the original approach as a framework for a more refined approach.
Negligence - Architect's Liability-An Invitee May Seek Damages from an Architect for Injuries Due to a Construction Defect Patent to the Owner of the Premises After the Owner Has Accepted the Work. Montijo v. Swift (Cal. App. 1963) (1965)

This recent case discusses Montijo v. Swift (Cal. App. 1963)
A pattern language for extensible program representation (2006)

For the last 15 years, implementors of multiple view programming environments have sought a single code model that would form a suitable basis for all of the program analyses and tools that might be applied to the code. They have been unsuccessful. The consequences are a tendency to build monolithic, single-purpose tools, each of which implements its own specialized analyses and optimized representation. This restricts the availability of the analyses, and also limits the reusability of the representation by other tools. Unintegrated tools also produce inconsistent views, which reduce the value of multiple views.
Reactions of the stable bis(amino)silylene Si[{N(CH<sub>2</sub><i>t</i>Bu)}<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-1,2] with group 3 or lanthanide metal organic compounds. Crystal structures of [Ln(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Si{[N(CH<sub>2</sub><i>t</i>Bu)]<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-1,2}]·C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>8</sub> (Ln = Y or Yb) (2000)

Treatment of the thermally stable aminosilylene Si[{N(CH 2 tBu)} 2 C 6 H 4 -1,2] [= Si(NN)] with a tris(cyclopentadienyl)- group 3 or -lanthanide metal compound LnCp 3 (Cp = η 5 -C 5 H 5 and Ln = Y or Yb) in toluene at ambient temperature afforded the first earliest transition or f-block metal-silylene complexes [LnCp 3 {Si(NN)}]·C 7 H 8 (Ln = Y (1) or Yb (2)), characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography: complex 1 (monoclinic, space group P2 1 /c (no. 14), a = 15.641(5), b = 15.895(7), c = 14.876(5) Å, β = 112.93(3), Z = 4, R1 = 0.067 for 6194 observed data), and2 (monoclinic, space group P2 1 /c (no. 14), a = 15.635(3), b = 15.795(2), c = 14.842(2) Å, β = 112.87(2), Z = 4, R1 = 0.044 for 9829 observed data). The Ln atom in each of the isoleptic complexes 1 and 2 has distorted trigonal monopyramidal geometry, with the approximately trigonal silicon atom in the apical position. The Ln-Si bond length is 3.038(2) (1) or 2.984(2) Å (2). Variable temperature 29 Si{ 1 H} NMR spectra in toluene-d 8 show that each complex readily dissociates (Y > Yb) into its factors; at 188 K, the 29 Si{ 1 H} signal for (1) was a doublet centred at δ 119.5, 1 J( 29 Si- 89 Y) = 59 Hz.Key words: crystallography, NMR, silylene, yttrium, ytterbium, organometallic complexes.
Methods of Spherical Harmonic Analysis (1988)

Description et comparaison de 2 methodes d'analyse par harmoniques spheriques pour modeliser les mesures de donnees geomagnetiques. La methode de Fougere, basee sur le lissage par moindres carres, est simple d'utilisation et rapide. L'introduction de la theorie inverse par Gubbins permet d'ameliorer la modelisation (surtout lorsque les donnees sont bruitees) mais est bien plus longue a mettre en place
Proactive failure recovery in OpenFlow based Software Defined Networks (2015)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a network architecture that decouples the control and data planes. SDN enables network control to become directly programmable and the underlying infrastructure to be abstracted from the network services. The foundation for open standards based software defined networking is the OpenFlow protocol. The OpenFlow architecture which is originally designed for Local Area Networks (LANs), doesn't include effective mechanisms for fast resiliency. But metro, carrier grade Ethernet networks and industrial area networks have to guarantee fast resiliency upon network failure. This paper experiments the link protection scheme that aims to enhance the OpenFlow architecture by adding fast recovery mechanisms in the switch and the controller. This is achieved by enabling the controller to add backup paths proactively along with the working paths and enabling the switches to perform the recovery actions locally. As this avoids controller intervention during recovery, the recovery time solely depends upon the failure detection time of the switch. As this will be less compared to the switch-controller round trip time, this gives better results. The performance of the system is evaluated by finding the packet loss and switch over time and comparing it with the current OpenFlow implementations. The system performs reasonably better than the existing systems in terms of switch over time. However the number of backup path entries increase relatively.
Modeling Asphaltene Phase Behavior in Crude Oil Systems Using the Perturbed Chain Form of the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) Equation of State (2009)

Asphaltene precipitation and deposition can occur at different stages during petroleum production, causing reservoir formation damage and plugging of pipeline and production equipment. Predicting asphaltene flow assurance issues requires the ability to model the phase behavior of asphaltenes as a function of the temperature, pressure, and composition. In this paper, we briefly review some recent approaches to model asphaltene phase behavior. We also present a method to characterize crude oil, including asphaltenes using the perturbed chain form of the statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT). The theory accurately predicts the crude oil bubble point and density as well as asphaltene precipitation conditions. The theory is used to examine the effects of gas injection, oil-based mud contamination, and asphaltene polydispersity on the phase behavior of asphaltenes. The analysis produces some interesting insights into field and laboratory observations of asphaltene phase behavior.
Electrically small split ring resonator antennas (2007)

We studied electrically small resonant antennas composed of split ring resonators (SRR) and monopoles. The antennas considered have the same ring radius, but slightly different geometry. The resonance frequency depends on the geometry of the SRRs. Two SRR antennas are designed. The first one, which operates at 3.62 GHz, is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. The size of this antenna is 0.095λ0×0.100λ0 and is low profile at the other dimension. The gain and directivity of the antenna was 2.38 and 5.46, respectively. The corresponding efficiency was 43.6%. The estimated radiation Q (rad Q=23.03) was much larger than the minimum radiation Q (min Q=1.78). The second one is a rather small SRR antenna in which the capacitance between the rings is increased. The size is reduced to 0.074λ0×0.079λ0. This structure is called serrated SRR (SSRR). Both antennas have similar far-field patterns but the efficiency of the SSRR antenna is less.
Interactive vessel-tracking with a hybrid model-based and graph-based approach (2009)

For assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) the automatic extraction of vessel centerlines is a crucial technology. In the most common approach two seed points have to be manually placed in the vessel and the centerline is automatically computed between these points. This methodology is appropriate for the quantitative analysis of single vessel segments. However, for an interactive and fast reading of complete datasets a more interactive approach would be beneficial. In this work we introduce an interactive vessel-tracking approach which eases the reading of cardiac and vascular CTA datasets. Starting with a single seed point a local vessel-tracking is initialized and extended in both directions while the user "walks" along the vessel centerline. For a robust tracking of a wide variety of vessel diameters, from coronaries to the aorta, we combine a local A*-graph-search for tiny vessels and a model-based tracking for larger vessels to an hybrid model-based and graph-based approach. In order to further ease the reading of cardiac and vascular CTA datasets, we introduce a subdivision of the interactively acquired centerline into segments that can be approximated by a single plane. This subdivision allows the visualization of the vessel in optimally oriented multi-planar reformations (MPR). The proposed visualization combines the advantage of a curved planar reformation (CPR), showing a large part of the vessel in one view, with the benefits of a MPR, having a non distorted more trustable image.
Ubiquitous, self-tuning, scalable servers (1998)

Hardware developments allow wonderful reliability and essentially limitless capabilities in storage, networks, memory, and processing power. Costs have dropped dramatically. PCs are becoming ubiquitous.
T-cell reactivity to purified lipophosphoglycan from Leishmania major: a model for analysis of the cellular immune response to microbial carbohydrates. (1991)

The major macromolecule on the surface of Leishmania major promastigotes is a lipophosphoglycan (LPG). This glycoconjugate plays a key role in determining infectivity and survival of parasites in the mammalian host cell. In addition, L. major LPG is able to induce a host-protective immune response. In this article, we summarise the evidence for recognition of highly purified LPG by T cells and we discuss the potential mechanisms of T-cell stimulation by this non-protein antigen.
Dual Chamber Rate Responsive Pacing System Driven by Contractility: Final Assessment After 1‐Year Follow‐up (1998)

The aim of this study was to assess the long-term performance of a new dual chamber rate responsive pacing system based on the dynamic measurement of the peak endocardial acceleration (PEA) index of cardiac contractility. Seventy patients who participated in the Multicenter European Clinical Evaluation were studied 1 year after implantation by continuously recording the PEA and the heart rate (HR) during exercise stress testing and during 24 hours of usual activities. A complete examination of standard parameters was also performed to assess the pacing/sensing lead characteristics. Statistical comparisons were performed with the data recorded with the same protocol at 1 month after implant for each patient. A linear correlation coefficient was calculated between PEA and sinus rate when the patient showed predominant atrial tracked rhythm. There were no significant differences between PEA values measured at 1 month and 1 year (PEA = 0.41 +/- 0.26 g vs 0.45 +/- 0.29 g at rest and PEA = 1.63 +/- 0.77 g vs 1.72 +/- 0.83 g during peak exercise). The correlation coefficient remained stable (0.67 +/- 0.15 vs 0.65 +/- 0.14 during daily life and 0.74 +/- 0.14 vs 0.77 +/- 0.11 during exercise). The PEA signal detected by the sensor was reliable and stable. No long-term complications or adverse effects were observed, and the lead performance was comparable to that of a standard lead.
Dreikomponentenreaktionen. III. Nucleophile Substitutionen an Thiokohlensäure‐S‐ester‐N‐(β‐chloralkyl)‐imidchloriden und C‐Chlor‐N‐(β‐chloralkyl)‐N′,N′‐dialkylformamidiniumchloriden. Die Darstellung von 2‐Alkylthio‐ und 2‐Dialkylamino‐Δ<sup>2</sup>‐azolinen (1969)

Abstract Thiokohlensäure‐S‐ester‐N‐(β‐chloralkyl)‐imidchloride, die bei der Chlorierung von Olefinen in Gegenwart von Alkylthiocyanaten entstehen, werden mit Alkalialkoholaten und Alkalimercaptiden zu N‐(β‐Chloralkyl)‐imino‐thiokohlensäureestern bzw. ‐imino‐dithio‐kohlensäureestern umgesetzt. Behandelt man obige Imidchloride mit Natriumhydrogen‐sulfid, so erhält man 2‐Alkylmercapto‐Δ 2 ‐thiazoline; mit primären Aminen entstehen 2‐Alkylmercapto‐Δ 2 ‐imidazoline. Die analog bei der Chlorierung von Olefinen im Beisein von Dialkylcyanamiden erhaltenen N‐(β‐Chloralkyl)‐N′,N′‐dialkyl‐isoharnstoffchloride geben bei der Umsetzung mit Wasser oder Alkoholen 2‐Dialkylamino‐Δ 2 ‐oxazoline, mit Natriumhydrogensulfid 2‐Dialkylamino‐Δ 2 ‐thiazoline und mit primären Aminen oder Ammoniak 2‐Dialkylamino‐Δ 2 ‐imidazoline.
Physical mechanisms of endurance degradation in TMO-RRAM (2011)

We report, for the first time, three types of endurance failure behaviors in TMO based RRAM. New physical mechanisms are proposed to clarify the physical origins of these endurance failures. A physically-based optimized switching mode is developed to improve the endurance of TMO-RRAM. A significantly enhanced endurance of >;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> switching cycles was demonstrated in the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> devices.
Golgi-Cox Staining Step by Step (2016)

Golgi staining remains a key method to study neuronal morphology in vivo. Since most protocols delineating modifications of the original staining method lack details on critical steps, establishing this method in a laboratory can be time-consuming and frustrating. Here, we describe the Golgi-Cox staining in such detail that should turn the staining into an easily feasible method for all scientists working in the neuroscience field.
Studies on a Mg‐Al‐Zn Alloy as an Anode for the Removal of Fluoride from Drinking Water in an Electrocoagulation Process (2009)

Abstract The present study provides an electrochemical coagulation process for the removal of fluoride from drinking water using a Mg‐Al‐Zn alloy, magnesium, aluminum and mild steel as anodes and stainless steel as cathode. Various parameters which may affect the removal efficiency of fluoride from water, such as pH, concentration of fluoride, current density, temperature and co‐existing ions were studied. Electrochemical coagulation was carried out for 30 min at an initial fluoride concentration of 5.0 mg/L and this was reduced to 0.2 mg/L. A maximum removal efficiency of 96% was achieved with a magnesium alloy as anode and stainless steel as cathode at a current density of 0.2 A/dm 2 and a pH of 7.0.