gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Alternative Mechanisms That Regulate the Presentation of Apoptotic Cell Engulfment Signal in<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2007)

Phosphatidylserine exposed on the surface of apoptotic mammalian cells is considered an "eat-me" signal that attracts phagocytes. The generality of using phosphatidylserine as a clearance signal for apoptotic cells in animals and the regulation of this event remain uncertain. Using ectopically expressed mouse MFG-E8, a secreted phosphatidylserine-binding protein, we detected specific exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. Masking the surface phosphatidylserine inhibits apoptotic cell engulfment. CED-7, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, is necessary for the efficient exposure of phosphatidylserine on apoptotic somatic cells, and for the recognition of these cells by phagocytic receptor CED-1. Alternatively, phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic germ cells is not CED-7 dependent, but instead requires phospholipid scramblase PLSC-1, a homologue of mammalian phospholipid scramblases. Moreover, deleting plsc-1 results in the accumulation of apoptotic germ cells but not apoptotic somatic cells. These observations suggest that phosphatidylserine might be recognized by CED-1 and act as a conserved eat-me signal from nematodes to mammals. Furthermore, the two different biochemical activities used in somatic cells (ABC transporter) and germ cells (phospholipid scramblase) suggest an increased complexity in the regulation of phosphatidylserine presentation in response to apoptotic signals in different tissues and during different developmental stages.
Long-range Coulomb interaction in arrays of self-assembled quantum dots (2000)

An array of $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ Ge self-assembled quantum dots is embedded into the active channel of a Si metal-oxide-field-effect transistor. Conductance oscillations with a gate voltage resulting from a successive loading of holes into the dots are observed. Based on measurements of the temperature dependence of the conductance maxima, the charge-transfer mechanism in the channel is identified as being due to variable-range hopping between the dots, with the typical hopping energy determined by interdot Coulomb interaction. The characteristic spatial dimension of the hole wave functions as well as the charging energies of the dots are determined from the conductance data. The effect of the proximity of a bulk conductor on hopping transport is studied. We find that putting a metal plane close to the dot layer causes a crossover from Efros-Shklovskii variable-range hopping conductance to two-dimensional Mott behavior as the temperature is reduced. At the crossover temperature the hopping activation energy is observed to fall off. The metal plane is shown not to affect the conductance of samples which show Mott hopping. In the Efros-Shklovskii hopping regime, the conductance prefactor was found to be $\ensuremath{\simeq}{e}^{2}/h,$ and the conductance to scale with the temperature. In the fully screened limit, the universal behavior of the prefactor is destroyed, and it begins to depend on the localization length. The experimental results are explained by a screening of long-range Coulomb potentials, and provide evidence for strong electron-electron interaction between dots in the absence of screening.
Secure data processing framework for mobile cloud computing (2011)

In mobile cloud computing, mobile devices can rely on cloud computing and information storage resource to perform computationally intensive operations such as searching, data mining, and multimedia processing. In addition to providing traditional computation services, mobile cloud also enhances the operation of traditional ad hoc network by treating mobile devices as service nodes, e.g., sensing services. The sensed information, such as location coordinates, health related information, should be processed and stored in a secure fashion to protect user's privacy in the cloud. To this end, we present a new mobile cloud data processing framework through trust management and private data isolation. Finally, an implementation pilot for improving teenagers' driving safety, which is called FocusDrive, is presented to demonstrate the solution.
Urinary Excretion of Type IV Collagen as a Specific Indicator of the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy (2000)

These findings indicated increased production and degeneration of type IV collagen in diabetic nephropathy. It is suggested that augmented turnover of type IV collagen in GBM and tubular basement membrane results in increased concentrations of free u-IV collagen. Therefore, measurement of u-IV collagen may be a useful, specific indicator of the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Superacid‐Catalyzed Dimerization/Cyclization of Isopropenyl‐PAHs – Novel Pathways to PAH Dimers, Phenalenes and Their Stable Carbocations (2008)

Abstract The isopropenyl derivatives of representative classes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) having four and five fused‐ring systems, namely pyrene, chrysene, benzo[ c ]phenanthrene (BcPh), dibenzo[ a , c ]anthracene (benzo[ f ]tetraphene) and perylene, were synthesized by Wittig olefination from the corresponding acetyl‐PAHs. Under the influence of triflic acid (TfOH), the isopropenyl derivatives were converted to novel PAH dimers and/or phenalenes in a simple one‐pot procedure. A plausible mechanism for this process has been outlined, and the synthetic scope of this chemistry has been explored. Structural features in the PAH dimers were examined by DFT. As representative initial and final carbocation intermediates in the reaction sequence, stable carbocations derived from 3‐isopropenylperylene and from 4,6,6‐trimethyl‐6 H ‐dibenzo[ a , kl ]anthracene were generated and studied directly by NMR spectroscopy. The NMR characteristics and charge delocalization modes in the resulting benzylic carbocations are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Practical Beacon Placement for Link Monitoring Using Network Tomography (2006)

Recent interest in using tomography for network monitoring has motivated the issue of whether it is possible to use only a small number of probing nodes (beacons) for monitoring all edges of a network in the presence of dynamic routing. Past work has shown that minimizing the number of beacons is NP-hard, and has provided approximate solutions that may be fairly suboptimal. In this paper, we use a two-pronged approach to compute an efficient beacon set: 1) we formulate the need for, and design algorithms for, computing the set of edges that can be monitored by a beacon under all possible routing states and 2) we minimize the number of beacons used to monitor all network edges. We show that the latter problem is NP-complete and use various approximate placement algorithm that yields beacon sets of sizes within 1+ln(|E|) of the optimal solution, where E is the set of edges to be monitored. Beacon set computations for several Rocketfuel Internet service provider topologies indicate that our algorithms may reduce the number of beacons yielded by past solutions by more than 50% and are, in most cases, close to optimal
Multipath-Aided Direct Path ToA Reconstruction for Integrated UWB Receivers in Generalized NLoS (2017)

Impulse Radio - Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) ranging based on first detected path's Time-of-Arrival (ToA) theoretically enables high-accuracy localization in Line of Sight (LoS) contexts. However, performance can be severely degraded in practical indoor environments due to both dense multipath propagation and signal obstructions. To mitigate these effects, the space-time correlation of tracked multipath components (MPCs) under mobility can be beneficial to collectively reconstruct the missing direct path's ToA in case of detected NLoS situation. This paper aims at improving further the robustness of such Multipath-aided Direct Path Reconstruction (MDPR) in very dense multipath and generalized NLoS with respect to anchors, while considering constraints of real integrated IR-UWB receivers. More specifically, new strategies are introduced to better approximate and dynamically adjust the link between direct and secondary paths for longer-term correction validity, as well as to handle MPCs appearance/disappearance over NLoS portions of trajectory. The proposed solution is validated by means of semi-deterministic dynamic simulations based on IEEE 802.15.4a channel models.
Genetic algorithm solution of groundwater management models (1994)

Groundwater simulation models have been incorporated into a genetic algorithm to solve three groundwater management problems: maximum pumping from an aquifer; minimum cost water supply development; and minimum cost aquifer remediation. The results show that genetic algorithms can effectively and efficiently be used to obtain globally (or, at least near globally) optimal solutions to these groundwater management problems. The formulation of the method is straightforward and provides solutions which are as good as or better than those obtained by linear and nonlinear programming. Constraints can be incorporated into the formulation and do not require derivatives with respect to decision variables as in nonlinear programming. More complicated problems, such as transient pumping and multiphase remediation, can be formulated and solved using this method. The computational time required for the solution of genetic algorithm groundwater management models increases with the complexity of the problem. The speedup attainable by solving genetic algorithm problems on massively parallel computers is significant for problems where the simulation time required to complete each generation is high.
Adsorption Behavior of Polystyrene−Polyisoprene Diblock Copolymers with Zwitterionic Groups Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance:  Effect of Different Microstructures (2002)

The adsorption behavior of poly(styrene-b-isoprene) (PS-b-PI) copolymers functionalized with polar sulfobetaine zwitterionic groups at different positions along the backbone was investigated. Using dilute solutions in toluene, adsorption onto gold surface was investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). ZwIS and ZwSI, ZwISZw, and SZwI are PS-b-PI copolymers functionalized at the α-position (zwitterionic group is attached to isoprene or styrene), at the α,ω-positions, and at the junction-point in the chain, respectively. The copolymers showed interesting adsorption behavior according to the zwitterion position. The adsorption isotherms for the copolymers exhibited typical Langmuir isotherm behavior. They showed different adsorbing amounts, which was explained by possible conformational states of copolymers on the surface. It was found that the position of zwitterionic groups has a major role on adsorption kinetics despite similar molecular weight and composition for the copolymers.
Golden Age for Filter Design: Innovative and Proven Approaches for Acoustic Filter, Duplexer, and Multiplexer Design (2015)

Mobile communication is already an integral part of our lives, and its role will only continue to grow. While early mobile phone functions were limited mainly to simple address books and text messaging, today's predominant smartphones and tablets support almost endless functionality via third-party application software, bringing an insatiable hunger for higher download rates. Telecommunication associations all around the world [1] are, therefore, continuously working on new cellular network technologies. This comes along with the introduction of advanced digital modulation schemes with higher spectral efficiency; multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO)-based radio interfaces; and carrier aggregation (CA) [2].
Curved approaches and airborne spacing for efficient closely spaced parallel runway operations in IMC (2010)

In this contribution the existing RPAT concept for simultaneous approaches to closely spaced parallel runways is further elaborated to be implemented in low visibility. Besides RNP capabilities this concept uses as well ASAS spacing capabilities. The basic procedure design aspects and the required airborne functions are described. The airborne spacing will first be initiated by a 4D approach in which the trajectory of the target aircraft is being predicted based on position information provided by ADS-B or TIS-B. The ASPA function itself is then used to adjust the spacing such that after the S-curve the RPAT aircraft is parallel or slightly behind the target aircraft. Further on, results from simulations trails and initial flight trials will be presented. It is foreseen to fully flight test this concept in fall/winter 2010 at Braunschweig airport.
Catching target mobile node using time-of-arrival measurement in Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

Target localization and mobile node tracking problems in WSNs have been receiving considerable concentration recently, because of the requirements to achieve high localization accuracy, with the output of minimum cost. The drawback involved is the crisis of target tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks. Localization primarily refers to revealing of the spatial coordinates of a node. Target tracking deals with spatial coordinates discovery and movement tracking of a moving object. The mobile node location algorithms like weighted tracking methods and Arrival Time (AT) are insufficient for finding the location of the mobile device. The location estimation and weighted tracking method are mainly based on mobile target signal's Arrival Time (AT) measurement model. In this paper work, location tracking process can be achieved into two ways. At first part we find the location of the mobile node along with the extended weighted tracking method. This can be used to track the mobile device and to estimate the weight for the particular mobile node. Secondly, the concentration is towards the AT measurement model for measuring the signal arrival time. Finally, the proposed algorithm finds the location of the mobile device and improves the performance of the AT measurement model in different places.
Design and simulation of computer-generated volume holograms for automotive headlamps (2016)

The application of holograms as light shaping elements in automotive headlamps requires the adaption of the holographic information to the characteristics of the reconstruction light source. This paper shows first results regarding the adaption to different wavelengths for realizing a white light distribution by illuminating a hologram with a white light emitting light source.
On supercomputing with systolic/wavefront array processors (1984)

In many scientific and signal processing applications, there are increasing demands for large-volume and/or high-speed computations which call for not only high-speed computing hardware, but also for novel approaches in computer architecture and software techniques in future supercomputers. Tremendous progress has been made on several promising parallel architectures for scientific computations, including a variety of digital filters, fast Fourier transform (FFT) processors, data-flow processors, systolic arrays, and wavefront arrays. This paper describes these computing networks in terms of signal-flow graphs (SFG) or data-flow graphs (DFG), and proposes a methodology of converting SFG computing networks into synchronous systolic arrays or data-driven wavefront arrays. Both one- and two-dimensional arrays are discussed theoretically, as well as with illustrative examples. A wavefront-oriented programming language, which describes the (parallel) data flow in systolic/wavefront-type arrays, is presented. The structural property of parallel recursive algorithms points to the feasibility of a Hierarchical Iterative Flow-Graph Design (HIFD) of VLSI Array Processors. The proposed array processor architectures, we believe, will have significant impact on the development of future supercomputers.
Blade containment evaluation of civil aircraft engines (2013)

源于 uncontained 汽轮机引擎转子片失败的潜在的危险总是是每个飞行器的引擎制造商的长期的担心，并且充分在批评操作条件下面包含没有通过的片也是最重要的考虑之一满足转子正直要求。通常，有许多因素，包含需要在引擎设计阶段期间被考察的引擎抑制能力，例如盒子厚度，转子支持结构，片重量和形状，等等。然而，表明引擎抑制能力的首要的方法片离开是扇子安全(MS ) 的测试和边缘分析。基于一个具体引擎模型，这份报纸试图解释在远方的飞行器的引擎抑制要求的关键点分开 33，并且介绍分析和扇子片离开在引擎适航性证明测试的 MS 的实现。通过介绍，它将是极大地对工业社区到有用评估引擎抑制能力并且在引擎证明过程准备最后的测试示范。
Copper Catalyzing Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Substrates (2006)

Metallic copper, which is normally considered as a contaminant in the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), was found to be an efficient catalyst to grow SWNTs under suitable conditions. It showed very high catalytic activity for the growth of both random SWNT networks and horizontally aligned SWNT arrays. Especially, high-quality SWNT arrays were obtained when monodispersed copper nanoparticles were used. The catalytic behavior of copper for the growth of SWNTs was discussed. The weaker interaction between the copper and silica surfaces plays an important role in the growth of high-quality horizontally aligned SWNT arrays. This new synthesis process of SWNTs with a non-ferromagnetic catalyst brings more convenience to the study of magnetic properties of SWNTs and gives more insight in structure-controlled synthesis of SWNTs.
Dead lithium phase investigation of Sn-Zn alloy as anode materials for lithium ion battery (2009)

(x = 4.74 ， 7.72 )也就是，由于高形成精力导致了能力损失他们在控告/解除过程期间是死了的锂阶段。并且我们找到有高 lithiation 形成精力(死了的锂阶段) 的那个稳定的锂合金阶段能也导致活跃的锂离子的高损失的一个新想法，除稳固的电解质的形成连接的传统的表示以外，电影导致高能力损失。
Neutral Liposomes and DNA Transfection (2011)

Non viral gene transfer vectors for human gene therapy (HGT) applications represent today one of the widest fields of chemical, biological and medical research. Some authors (Kostaleros & Miller, 2005) have expressed the opinion that the future of a safe and efficient gene therapy will depend on suitable synthetic vectors of genetic material, rather than on viruses. The reason for this preference is based on the consideration that viruses, although characterized by high transfection efficiency of genetic material, may suffer from some serious disadvantages such as immune response (Marshall, 2000) and potential oncogenic activity (Hacein-Bey-Abina et al., 2003), as well as a high cost of preparation of the transferring system. On the contrary, synthetic vectors have many potential advantages, such as lack of immunogenicity and oncogenicity, no limits to the size of nucleic acids to be carried inside the cells (Harrington et al., 1997; Roush, 1997; Willard, 2000) and finally preparation procedures cheap and easy to perform. Nevertheless an awkward problem that accompanies their use is the low efficiency of the transfections in vivo. Among the synthetic vectors, the most explored by the researchers are the cationic liposomes (CLs), after Felgner and collaborators (Felgner et al., 1997) described the synthesis of the first cation lipid, N-[1(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA) and demonstrated that it was able to bind DNA and transfect it both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Other cationic lipids followed and became popular, such as the commercially widely used N-[1(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium methylsulfate (DOTAP), 1,2-dioleoyl3-dimethylammonium-propane (DODAP), dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB) and 3β-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]cholesterol hydrochloride (DCChol); many others were synthesized during the past years and are still being synthesized. A few years after the Felgner’s discovery scientists’ interest was focused also on cationic polymers (Wu, G.Y. & Wu; C.H., 1987), that became popular after the discovery of polyethylenimines (Boussif, 1995) and are still the object of great interest. Both classes of cationic compounds owe their interest to the formation of stable complexes with DNA, called lipoplexes and polyplexes respectively, formed through an electrostatic interaction between the cationic head of lipids and the negative phosphates of DNA. The great amount of data and experiments reported in the literature with cationic vectors and some encouraging results in in vivo transfection experiments have led to the significant milestone of 20% of the ongoing clinical trials run with synthetic vectors (Edelstein et al., 2004): however the goal of a higher efficiency is still a problem to be solved. As recently stated (Safinya et al., 2006), the long-term target of research in this area is to develop a general
Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-β on Matrix Synthesis by Chick Growth Plate Chondrocytes* (1988)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) is a local regulator of cell metabolism and growth. TGF beta increases the synthesis of collagen and enhances the deposition of matrix by almost all cells studied to date. The presence of TGF beta in cartilage suggests an important autocrine function, and the present study was designed to examine its influence on the matrix synthesis of chick epiphyseal chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were plated in serum-free (BSA-supplemented) medium or medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and after 24 h in monolayer culture were treated with TGF beta in identical medium. A 24-h incubation with TGF beta caused a dose-dependent decrease in collagen synthesis (-14%) and increase in noncollagen protein synthesis (+25%), with greater effects in serum-containing medium (-22% and +58%, respectively). Similarly, the stimulation of sulfate incorporation by TGF beta was greater in FBS-containing medium (+140%) than in serum-free medium (+70%). These changes were present by 6 h, were maximal in the 0.3-3.0 ng/ml dose range, and were found to reflect an alteration in extracellular protein synthesis. The enhancement of TGF beta effects by serum was abolished when chondrocytes were plated and exposed to TGF beta in medium containing dialyzed FBS (12-14K membrane). The present study indicates that TGF beta influences the synthesis of matrix components by growth plate chondrocytes. The effects are enhanced by factors present in serum.
Superconducting magnetic shield for MEG coupled with permalloy PC (2019)

Abstract The Biomagnetism measurement is required shielding effect 1/ S ≦1/10 −7 for using SQUID magnetometer. The superconducting shield is possible to realize ideal low magnetic noise space. But it is required to attenuate every external field inside the superconducting hollow cylinder equally. Especially, radial external field decreases gently comparison to axial field. At this time the length of cylinder needs 4.4 m for diameter 1 m to realize shielding effect 1/ S ≦1/10 −7 . On the other hand, it is only 2.1 m for axial field. For that reason, we devised two methods to attenuate radial field rapidly coupled with permalloy.
Tunable Lithium Niobate Waveguide Loop (2004)

A novel, compact, and tunable lithium niobate (LN) planar waveguide loop structure composed of two Y junction reflectors is proposed for optical and radio frequency signal processing applications. The preliminary device shows a high quality factor of 6.5/spl times/10/sup 4/, due to the low propagation loss of the titanium-diffused LN waveguide. The tunability of the loop by electric field is estimated.
Piezoelectric effects in the optical properties of strained InGaN quantum wells (1999)

We investigated the carrier-injection effects in the emission spectrum of strained GaN/InGaN/AlGaN quantum well (QW) blue emitters using a pulsed current excitation technique. Spectral blueshift as large as 80 meV in the emission peak energy was observed as the injection current increases from 1 mA to 1 A. Based on a self-consistent calculation that couples the Poisson equation with a wurtzite-type Rashba–Sheka–Pikus Hamiltonian, four important interactions are evaluated in order to determine the optical properties of InGaN QW. It is shown that the spectral redshifting caused by a piezoelectricity induced quantum confined Stark effect and carrier-induced band gap renormalization is counteracted by a blueshift due to the band filling and charge screening effects. The increase of InGaN QW emission peak energy and intensity with injected carriers suggests a dominant contribution from the latter in a band-to-band recombination process.