gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative effects of thrombopoietic-stimulatory factor and spleen cell-conditioned medium on megakaryocytopoiesis in a short-term bone marrow liquid culture system. (1988)

The effect of partially purified thrombopoietic stimulatory factor (TSF) on megakaryocytopoiesis was studied using the soft-gel colony-forming assay and a short-term marrow liquid culture system (STLC) and compared to the effects of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity present in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell-conditioned medium (PWCM). Nonadherent cells from STLC were sampled daily for acetylcholinesterase-positive cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells (CFU-M). CFU-M were assayed in the soft-gel colony-forming system using PWCM as a source of colony-stimulating activity. Proliferative capacity of CFU-M obtained from liquid culture was determined from megakaryocyte colony size (number of megakaryocytes per colony) following plating of cells in a secondary colony-forming assay. Megakaryocytes were grouped into four maturation classes and megakaryocyte diameter was determined on acetylcholinesterase-stained cytocentrifuged cells using an eye-piece micrometer. TSF produced no CFU-M-derived colonies in the soft-gel colony-forming assay. Addition of TSF to STLC had no effect on the total number of CFU-M, megakaryocyte colony size, or total number of megakaryocytes compared to unstimulated STLC. However, on days 4-9 there was a significant increase in megakaryocyte diameter and the proportion of mature (stage III, IV) megakaryocytes obtained from TSF containing STLC compared to unstimulated STLC. In contrast, 5 days after addition of PWCM to STLC a sixfold increase in the total number of CFU-M per flask and a threefold increase in megakaryocytes was observed compared to unstimulated STLC. However, megakaryocyte colony size and megakaryocyte size were significantly reduced and a greater number of immature (stage I, II) megakaryocytes were present in STLC containing PWCM compared to unstimulated STLC. These results indicate that TSF accelerates the maturation of megakaryocytes in vitro and that a factor or factors present in spleen cell-conditioned medium, in addition to influencing megakaryocyte progenitor cell proliferation, also affect(s) megakaryocyte size.
Optical and physical properties of glasses in the systems GeO2-Bi2O3-PbO and TeO2-Bi2O3-WO3 (1987)

Determination des zones de vitrification de ces deux systemes sur des echantillons de 20 g fondus dans l'air, et etude des verres resultants par spectrometrie infra-rouge, ultraviole-visible et par mesure de densite. Analyse par diffraction RX et calorimetrie differentielle a balayage de la cristallisation et du comportement thermique
Effects of material stratification on the seepage field in a rockfill dam (2005)

Transient seepage analyses for Gouhou concrete faced rockfill dam were conducted using the unsaturated soil seepage theory. Through comparison of the seepage fields in a uniform dam and an evidently stratified dam, the evolution of seepage with time and the distribution characteristics of the hydraulic parameters in the two cases were studied. The effects of the stratification of rockfill on the seepage field and the stability of the dam slope were highlighted.
Importance of knowledge on drug metabolism for the safe use of drugs in humans (2009)

Th e author thanks ECNIS (Environmental Cancer,\nNutrition and Individual Susceptibility), a network of\nexcellence operating within the European Union 6th\nFramework Program, Priority 5: Food Quality and Safety\n(Contract no. 513943) for financial support.
An Enriched <sup>40</sup> K Source for Atomic Cooling (2007)

We have developed an enriched 40K source used in 40K–87Rb atomic mixture cooling experiment. The enriched 40K source is a home-made dispenser which releases 40K atoms by the redox reaction between 40K enriched KCl and calcium. It is efficient and easy to be made and used. We collect 107~108 40K atoms in collection magneto-optical trap. With this dispenser, we perform a quantum degenerate Fermi gas experiment.
Estimation of directions-of-arrival of partially polarized signals with electromagnetic vector sensors (2002)

We develop a high-resolution method for estimating the directions-of-arrival of partially polarised signals with electromagnetic (EM) vector sensors, of which each provides measurements of the complete electric and magnetic fields induced by EM signals. The method is computationally efficient since unlike many high-resolution methods, it does not involve searching across a multi-dimensional array manifold. In addition, it does not require a priori information about the array system such as sensor positions.
WAG Process Optimization in the Rangely CO2 Miscible Flood (1993)

Abstract A miscible CO2 project was initiated in the Rangely Weber Sand Unit in northwest Colorado in 1986. Over the past seven years, the project has expanded areally to include 80% of the Unit, and substantial investments have been completed in injection, production and gas recompression facilities. As the project matures, emphasis has shifted from adding new CO2 injection patterns to management of CO2 injection, with goals of maximizing recovery and reducing operating costs. Optimization of the Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) injection process is an important part of this effort. Our initial injection strategy was based on reservoir simulation studies. It became apparent as the project matured that we would need to make changes in WAG processes to adapt to operational constraints and maximize pattern economics. Flood performance was optimized through further simulation and field testing of changes to CO2 slug size and WAG ratio tapering sequence. New methods for managing the WAG process based on injection pattern performance and economic triggers have been adopted. We have completed an initial comparison of predicted versus actual performance for injection patterns with tapered WAG ratios. Simulation studies and field tests have also been completed to determine an optimum half-cycle for the WAG process in Rangely. A half cycle is defined as the amount of CO2 or water that is injected, measured in pattern hydrocarbon pore volumes, before switching to the alternate fluid. Our simulation and pilot project results have shown that decreasing the half-cycle has favorable economics. Results of the pilot have also demonstrated that production and fluid handling costs can be reduced by controlling fluctuations in gas and water production. Future plans for WAG optimization include continuation of performance monitoring to help optimize tapering strategy, and extension of the reduced half-cycle application to include simultaneous injection of CO2 and water.
Jab1/CSN5, a Component of the COP9 Signalosome, Regulates Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling by Binding to Smad7 and Promoting Its Degradation (2004)

Smad7 inhibits responses mediated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and acts in a negative-feedback loop to regulate the intensity or duration of the TGF-beta signal. However, the aberrant expression and continued presence of Smad7 may cause TGF-beta resistance. Here we report that Jab1/CSN5, which is a component of the COP9 signalosome complex, associates constitutively with Smad7 and that overexpression of Jab1/CSN5 causes the translocation of Smad7 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, promoting its degradation. Overexpression of Jab1/CSN5 increases Smad2 phosphorylation and enhances TGF-beta-induced transcriptional activity. The inhibition of endogenous Jab1/CSN5 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces Smad7 expression. This study thus defines Jab1/CSN5 as an adapter that targets Smad7 for degradation, thus releasing Smad7-mediated suppression of TGF-beta signaling.
Plasma polymerization. III. An ESCA investigation of polymers synthesized by excitation of inductively coupled RF plasmas in perfluorocyclohexa‐1,3‐ and 1,4‐dienes, and in perfluorocyclohexene (1980)

Abstract The plasma polymers prepared from perfluorocyclohexa‐1,3‐diene, perfluorocyclohexa‐1,4‐diene, and perfluorocyclohexene have been investigated by ESCA. The carbon‐to‐fluorine stoichiometries of the diene‐derived polymers are similar and close to that of the starting material. The polymer prepared from perfluorocyclohexene is depleted in fluorine compared to the fluorine content of the “monomer.” The polymers prepared in nonglow regions are also studied and shown to be high in C F 2 derived species. The results are compared with those for perfluorobenzene and perfluorocyclohexane, and the polymerization rates are in the order C 6 F 6 > C 6 F 8 1,3 ∼ 1,4 > C 6 F 10 ∼ C 6 F 12 . The variations in composition of the plasma polymer as revealed by ESCA as a function of the polymerization conditions are discussed.
Distributed Intelligence: Overview of the Field and Its Application in Multi-Robot Systems. (2007)

Abstract—This article overviews the concepts of distributed intelligence, outlining the motivations for studying this field of research. First, common systems of distributed intelligence are classified based upon the types of interactions exhibited, since the type of interaction has relevance to the solution paradigm to be used. We outline three common paradigms for distributed intelligence — the bioinspired paradigm, the organizational and social paradigm, and the knowledge-based, ontological paradigm — and give examples of how these paradigms can be used in multi-robot systems. We then look at a common problem in multirobot systems — that of task allocation — and show how the solution approach to this problem is very different depending upon the paradigm chosen for abstracting the problem. Our conclusion is that the paradigms are not interchangeable, but rather the selection of the appropriate paradigm is dependent
Characteristics of vagal esophageal tension-sensitive afferent fibers in the opossum (1989)

1. Single-unit vagal afferent activity was recorded from 35 fibers that demonstrated evoked response to distension in the smooth muscle portion of the esophagus in anesthetized opossums. 2. The conduction velocities, measured in 22 fibers, varied from 1.0 to 21.33 m/s. Eight fibers (36%) had conduction velocities in the range of C-fibers (less than 2.5 m/s), whereas 14 (64%) had velocities in the range of A delta-fibers (3.16-21.33 m/s). All fibers were spontaneously active with an average discharge rate of 7.3 +/- 1.0 imp/s (mean +/- SE; range, 1.2-23 imp/s). 3. Esophageal distension produced a reproducible increase in discharge rate that adapted slowly to sustained distension. The average threshold pressure of the endings was 10 mmHg. The saturation pressure was 70 mmHg with cumulative, stepwise distension and 56 mmHg with graded, discrete distensions, respectively. 4. The discharge rate at the saturation pressure was 46 +/- 7 imp/s with cumulative, stepwise distensions and was 59 +/- 4 imp/s with graded, discrete distensions. The difference in maximum discharge between these two modes of distension was not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). 5. Esophageal peristaltic contraction was associated with bursts of spike discharge with an average rate of 53.6 +/- 4.7 imp/s. 6. Two types of fibers were identified based on their duration of spike discharge associated with peristaltic contraction. The short-activity fibers showed a short duration of response consisting of approximately 3 s of spike bursts in response to swallows. These short-activity fibers were not activated by either stretch or contraction of the longitudinal esophageal muscle. The long-activity fibers showed a long duration of response consisting of approximately 10 s of activity in response to swallows. These long-activity fibers could be activated by longitudinal muscle stretch or contraction. 7. It is concluded that esophageal tension-sensitive mechano-receptors associated with vagal afferents are activated by physiological peristalsis and are present "in series" with either circular or longitudinal muscle layers.
Smart skins and fiber optic sensors: applications and issues (1990)

Smart skins technology is in its infancy, and significant workmust be accomplished to ensure that evolving fiber-optic sensor technology can be incorporated into smart skins concepts. This paper gives an overview of research into embedding optical fibers and sensors in composites. It also presents a concept for a fiber-optic sensor network embedded in aircraft skins to perform structural health monitoring and discusses issues, problems, and potential solutions encountered in bringing multiple technologies together.
Frequency-independent antennas and broad-band derivatives thereof (1992)

The principles used in the development of frequency-independent antennas are reviewed. Examples of log-periodic (LP) geometry and the additional requirements that must be met for practical success are given. The evolution of unidirectional, wire-outline, and dipole arrays is presented. Analytical results for LP dipole arrays led to the concept of an active region that remains almost fixed in size relative to the wavelength. Periodic structure theory serves as an aid to understanding LP structures. The analysis of periodically loaded lines shows the problems that may arise from the existence of stop regions on LP antennas and provides procedures for eliminating them. This has led to successful LP monopole and cavity-backed slot arrays. Planar and conical log-spiral antennas are discussed. Frequency-independent, circularly polarized patterns-bidirectional, unidirectional, omnidirectional, and conical-can be provided from log-spiral antennas with two or more arms. Recently, the LP design principles have been applied to low-profile antennas: patches, thin cavities, and spirals over ground. They have also produced flush-mounted aircraft antennas that can respond simultaneously to two different linear of circular polarizations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
VoIP Intrusion Detection Through Interacting Protocol State Machines (2006)

Being a fast-growing Internet application, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) shares the network resources with the regular Internet traffic, and is susceptible to the existing security holes of the Internet. Moreover, given that voice communication is time sensitive and uses a suite of interacting protocols, VoIP exposes new forms of vulnerabilities to malicious attacks. In this paper, we propose a highlyneeded VoIP intrusion detection system. Our approach is novel in that, it utilizes not only the state machines of network protocols but also the interaction among them for intrusion detection. This detection approach is particularly suited for protecting VoIP applications, in which a melange of protocols are involved to provide IP telephony services. Based on tracking deviations from interacting protocol state machines, our solution shows promising detection characteristics and low runtime impact on the perceived quality of voice streams.
Milk with and without lactoferrin can influence intestinal damage in a pig model of malnutrition (2016)

Malnutrition remains a leading contributor to the morbidity and mortality of children under the age of five worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood necessitating an appropriate animal model to answer fundamental questions and conduct translational research into optimal interventions. One potential intervention is milk from livestock that more closely mimics human milk by increased levels of bioactive components that can promote a healthy intestinal epithelium. We tested the ability of cow milk and milk from transgenic cows expressing human lactoferrin at levels found in human milk (hLF milk) to mitigate the effects of malnutrition at the level of the intestine in a pig model of malnutrition. Weaned pigs (3 weeks old) were fed a protein and calorie restricted diet for five weeks, receiving cow, hLF or no milk supplementation daily from weeks 3-5. After three weeks, the restricted diet induced changes in growth, blood chemistry and intestinal structure including villous atrophy, increased ex vivo permeability and decreased expression of tight junction proteins. Addition of both cow and hLF milk to the diet increased growth rate and calcium and glucose levels while promoting growth of the intestinal epithelium. In the jejunum hLF milk restored intestinal morphology, reduced permeability and increased expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10. Overall, this pig model of malnutrition mimics salient aspects of the human condition and demonstrates that cow milk can stimulate the repair of damage to the intestinal epithelium caused by protein and calorie restriction with hLF milk improving this recovery to a greater extent.
Synthesis and Structure of [1]Borametallocenophanes of Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium (1999)

Various [1]borametallocenophane complexes of all the group IV metals were obtained in high yield by a very efficient multistep, one-pot synthesis. By this method not only the biscyclopentadienyl and diindenyl complexes [{R2NB(η5-C5H4)2}MCl2] (M = Zr, R = Me, SiMe3, 4a, b; M = Hf, R = SiMe3, 5) and [{(Me3Si2)NB(η5-C9H6)2}MCl2] (M = Ti, 6; M = Zr, 7) were obtained, but also complexes with two different η5-coordinated ligands such as [{iPr2NB(η5-C5H4)(η5-C9H6)}MCl2] (M = Zr, 8; M = Hf, 9). Some of compounds 4–9 were chosen to investigate their catalytic properties with respect to Ziegler-Natta-type polymerisation of olefins, and proved to be highly efficient for the preparation of polyethylene.
Systemic immune suppression in glioblastoma: the interplay between CD14+HLA-DRlo/neg monocytes, tumor factors, and dexamethasone (2010)

Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) exhibit profound systemic immune defects that affect the success of conventional and immune-based treatments. A better understanding of the contribution of the tumor and/or therapy on systemic immune suppression is necessary for improved therapies, to monitor negative effects of novel treatments, to improve patient outcomes, and to increase understanding of this complex system. To characterize the immune profile of GBM patients, we phenotyped peripheral blood and compared these to normal donors. In doing so, we identified changes in systemic immunity associated with both the tumor and dexamethasone treated tumor bearing patients. In particular, dexamethasone exacerbated tumor associated lymphopenia primarily in the T cell compartment. We have also identified unique tumor and dexamethasone dependent altered monocyte phenotypes. The major population of altered monocytes (CD14(+)HLA-DR(lo/neg)) had a phenotype distinct from classical myeloid suppressor cells. These cells inhibited T cell proliferation, were unable to fully differentiate into mature dendritic cells, were associated with dexamethasone-mediated changes in CCL2 levels, and could be re-created in vitro using tumor supernatants. We provide evidence that tumors express high levels of CCL2, can contain high numbers of CD14(+) cells, that tumor supernatants can transform CD14(+)HLA-DR(+) cells into CD14(+)HLA-DR(lo/neg) immune suppressors, and that dexamethasone reduces CCL2 in vitro and is correlated with reduction of CCL2 in vivo. Consequently, we have developed a model for tumor mediated systemic immune suppression via recruitment and transformation of CD14(+) cells.
Vaccines for immunological control of fertility (2009)

Vaccines have been proposed as one of the strategies for population control. Immunocontraceptive vaccines can be designed to inhibit: (1) production of gametes (sperm and egg); (2) functions of gametes, leading to blocking of fertilization; and (3) gamete outcome (pregnancy). Immunization with gonadotropin-releasing hormone coupled to different carriers has shown curtailment in the production of sperm with concomitant infertility in various species. Immunization of nonhuman primates and men with ovine follicle stimulating hormone has also resulted in reduced sperm output. Various spermatozoa-specific proteins such as FA1, PH-20, LDH-C<sub>4</sub>, SP-10, SP-17, sp56, SPAG9, and Izumo have been proposed as candidate antigens to develop contraceptive vaccines, which have shown efficacy in inhibiting fertility in different animal models. Immunization with zona pellucida glycoproteins-based immunogens also results in curtailment of fertility in a variety of species. However, ways to overcome the observed oophoritis associated with zona proteins immunization have yet to be discovered, a necessary step before their proposal for control of human population. Nonetheless, this is a very promising approach to control wildlife animal population. Phase II clinical trials of β-human chorionic gonadotropin-based vaccine in women have established the proof of principle that it is possible to inhibit fertility without any untoward side-effects by vaccination. Further scientific inputs are required to increase the efficacy of contraceptive vaccines and establish their safety beyond doubt, before they can become applicable for control of fertility in humans.
The E1b oncogene of adenovirus confers cellular resistance to cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor and monoclonal anti-Fas antibody (1991)

The cell lines KB8, 16, and 18 are KB cells which constitutively express adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) E1a, E1a plus E1b, and E1b genes, respectively. We show here that KB18 cells are completely resistant to cytolysis by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or anti-Fas, although KB8 and KB or KB16 are highly and moderately sensitive, respectively. The levels of receptors for TNF and anti-Fas of KB18 were almost the same as compared with those of KB or other KB-cell lines. Expression of manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA in KB18 was about 20-fold higher than that in KB or KB8 cells. KB, HT29, and A673 cells infected with dl337 (an Ad5 mutant defective in E1b function) are highly sensitive to TNF or anti-Fas, although wild-type Ad2-infected cells are resistant. Our results indicate that the E1b oncogene can confer cellular resistance to cytolysis by either TNF or anti-Fas in both KB cells and adenovirus-infected human cell lines through influencing intracellular events including regulation of MnSOD genes. Furthermore, we describe how anti-Fas mimics only the cytolytic activity of TNF, whereas TNF also has many other biological activities.
Biomarkers for the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease (2011)

Risk prediction for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains suboptimal even after the introduction of global risk assessment by various scores. This has prompted the search for additional biomarkers. A variety of blood biomarkers representing various pathophysiological pathways of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, as well as markers of subclinical disease and genetic markers, have been investigated. This review provides an overview of studies assessing the clinical utility of various biomarkers on the basis of hypothesis-driven selection as well as hypothesis-free approaches from novel "-omics" technologies. So far, the assessment of genotypes and of several candidate biomarkers from blood has resulted in only small improvements in the accuracy of prediction of CVD and T2D over and above that predicted on the basis of established risk factors. Integrated approaches, combining biomarkers from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, as well as serial measurements of biomarkers, are required to make a complete assessment of the potential clinical usefulness of biomarkers for risk prediction of cardiometabolic disease.