gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CuteChat (2011)

This paper presents a lightweight tele-immersive video chat system named CuteChat. Based on our recently developed video object cutout technology, the CuteChat system is designed and optimized to provide a radically new video chat experience by merging each participant in the same shared space, allowing them to interact more naturally in an integrated manner. With the goal to make the system easily accessible by massive consumers, we address the challenges in the whole pipeline of video processing, coding, communication, composition, and playback. Extensive experiments have shown that the proposed CuteChat system runs reliably and comfortably in real time on one's laptop or desktop PC, and it needs only a commodity webcam for video acquisition and just public Internet for tele-immersive video conferencing. With such a really minimal deployment requirement, we present a variety of interesting applications and user experiences created by the CuteChat system.
Derivatives of α-D-Glucothiopyranose<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of α-D-Glucothiopyranose1R. M. Rowell and Roy L. WhistlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 5, 1514–1516Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01343a047Request reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (437 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of T cells in inflammation caused by adenovirus vectors in the brain. (1996)

In many organs, E1-deleted human adenovirus vectors trigger antiviral T cell responses which limit the duration of vector-encoded gene expression. When injected into the brain, however, long-term expression is possible in spite of the ensuing inflammatory response. To examine the role of T cells in the immune response in the brain, monoclonal antibodies were used to systemically deplete CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cell subsets from mice at the time of vector injection. The early phase of the inflammatory response, characterized by high MHC I expression and recruitment of mononuclear cells, was unaffected by T cell depletion. Six days after injection, however, inflammation was markedly reduced by CD8-depletion and eliminated by CD4-depletion. Vector expression of the marker protein beta-galactosidase did not differ between depleted and undepleted mice. In contrast, when mice had been previously exposed to adenovirus vector in the periphery, beta-galactosidase expression in the brain was transient, showing that T cells can effectively target vector-transduced cells in this organ. We conclude that adenovirus vectors are able to achieve long-term expression in the brain because such a route of injection triggers an ineffective T cell response.
PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES IN WOUND HEALING: THE ROLE OF ENZYMATIC DEBRIDEMENT (1994)

Proteolytic enzymes are a family of proteins that serve to degrade necrotic debris derived from cell breakdown. They are produced endogenously often as precursor proteins whose activation is precisely regulated. These activated enzymes serve many functions in normal as well as pathological situations. In particular they are involved in the regulation of cell maturation and multiplication; collagen synthesis and turnover; the development and removal of the perivascular fibrin cuffs found in venous insufficiency and leg ulceration as well as the removal of dead tissues following inflammation. As a limited number of enzymes perform all these functions, it is difficult to predict the effects of applying synthetic proteolytic enzymes to a wound. Many such enzymes are currently commercially available and being promoted as alternatives to surgical wound debridement. It is important for their use to be considered in the context of their interaction with endogenous proteases, their physiological role in tissue, their ability to reach a desired target and the stage of wound healing at the time they are applied.
The relationship between the teacher's assessment of content knowledge and a standards based assessment. (2009)

Assessments of achievement, as indicated by grades, are used by students, parents, teachers, and admissions personnel to determine a student's placement in future educational settings or subsequent employment.A student's level of education has a direct effect on his or her future employment status and earnings.The research sought to determine the relationship between two methods of student academic assessment (EOCT scores and teacher issued course grades) in regards
Properties and prospects of adjuvants in influenza vaccination - messy precipitates or blessed opportunities? (2013)

Influenza is a major challenge to healthcare systems world-wide. While prophylactic vaccination is largely efficient, long-lasting immunity has not been achieved in immunized populations, at least in part due to the challenges arising from the antigen variation between strains of influenza A virus as a consequence of genetic drift and shift. From progress in our understanding of the immune system, the mode-of-action of vaccines can be divided into the stimulation of the adaptive system through inclusion of appropriate vaccine antigens and of the innate immune system by the addition of adjuvant to the vaccine formulation. A shared property of many vaccine adjuvants is found in their nature of water-insoluble precipitates, for instance the particulate material made from aluminum salts. Previously, it was thought that embedding of vaccine antigens in these materials provided a "depot" of antigens enabling a long exposure of the immune system to the antigen. However, more recent work points to a role of particulate adjuvants in stimulating cellular parts of the innate immune system. Here, we briefly outline the infectious medicine and immune biology of influenza virus infection and procedures to provide sufficient and stably available amounts of vaccine antigen. This is followed by presentation of the many roles of adjuvants, which involve humoral factors of innate immunity, notably complement. In a perspective of the ultrastructural properties of these humoral factors, it becomes possible to rationalize why these insoluble precipitates or emulsions are such a provocation of the immune system. We propose that the biophysics of particulate material may hold opportunities that could aid the development of more efficient influenza vaccines.
Superconducting tunnel junctions as photon counting detectors in the infrared to the ultraviolet (1997)

Photon counting experiments with Ta/Al superconducting tunnel junctions are presented. Single photon detection is demonstrated in the wavelength range /spl lambda/=200-2000 nn with a resolving power /spl lambda///spl Delta//spl lambda/=22-4. The response of the detector shows good linearity with photon energy.
A shared-memory multiprocessor logic simulator (2003)

A simple multiprocessor logic simulation kernel is described and preliminary benchmark results presented. Communication between processors is through shared global memory, with locking/unlocking provided by the host operating system. Partitioning the gate evaluation list and current event queue among processors gives a dynamic self-balancing effect which tends to evenly distribute the load associated with large simulations. The kernel is written entirely in C and currently runs on a Balance 8000 system under the DYNIX 2.1 operating system. For a 3800-gate combinational circuit, 90% efficiency is achieved for a two-processor simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Host IQGAP1 and Ebola Virus VP40 Interactions Facilitate Virus-Like Particle Egress (2013)

We have identified host IQGAP1 as an interacting partner for Ebola virus (EBOV) VP40, and its expression is required for EBOV VP40 virus-like particle (VLP) budding. IQGAP1 is involved in actin cytoskeletal remodeling during cell migration and formation of filopodia. The physical interaction and the functional requirement for IQGAP1 in EBOV VP40 VLP egress link virus budding to the cytoskeletal remodeling machinery. Consequently, this interaction represents a novel target for development of therapeutics to block budding and transmission of filoviruses.
Differentiation by Phenolic Profile of Apple Juices Prepared According to Two Membrane Techniques (1997)

Crossflow filtration techniques (micro- and ultrafiltration), using inorganic membranes, were employed to clarify apple juice. Changes in the polyphenol composition (procyanidins, hydroxycinnamic derivatives, and dihydrochalcones) were monitored throughout the clarification process by means of a simple and reliable HPLC procedure. A factorial repeated measures design was constructed to ascertain the influence of the factors (membrane type, temperature and process time) on the levels of phenolic compounds. Procyanidin B1 and an unknown peak (probably a hydroxycinnamic derivative) were influenced by membrane type, and (−)-epicatechin and phloridzin were influenced by process time. Appearance terms were also closely related with the factors studied. Ultrafiltration at low temperature produced an apple juice with an adequate level of stability. Analysis of polyphenols, together with the use of exploratory data analysis (clustering techniques), factor analysis (PCA), classification (LDA and KNN), and modeling techniques (SIMCA and PLS), allowed the authors to differentiate apple juices clarified by means of crossflow membrane technology. Keywords: Polyphenols; chemometric; crossflow filtration; apple juice
The Theory of Tracer Experiments with <sup>131</sup>I-Labelled Plasma Proteins (1957)

Using the tracer theory of Rescigno, adapted for an open mammillary system, a method is given of finding (1) metabolic rate, (2) ratios of masses of protein in extravascular compartments to mass of protein in intravascular compartment, (3) capillary permeabilities, when 131I-labelled protein is injected into the blood stream of animals. Examples are given for human, rabbit and rat.
Testosterone Metabolic Clearance and Production Rates Determined by Stable Isotope Dilution/Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Normal Men: Influence of Ethnicity and Age (2004)

The metabolic clearance rate (MCRT) and production rate (PRT) of testosterone (T) were measured using constant infusion of trideuterated (d3) T and quantitating serum d3T by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Serum unlabeled T (d0T) was measured by LC-MS-MS, and serum total T (d3T + d0T) was measured by RIA. Mean MCRR (measured by LC-MS-MS) in young white men (1272 +/- 168 liters/d) was not significantly different from young Asian men (1070 +/- 166 liters/d). Mean PRT was also not significantly different between the two ethnic groups (whites, 9.11 +/- 1.11 mg/d; Asians, 7.22 +/- 1.15 mg/d; P = 0.19 using d0T data). Both the mean MCRR (812 +/- 64 liters/d; P < 0.01) and the PRT (3.88 +/- 0.27 mg/d; P < 0.001) were significantly lower in middle-aged white men when compared with their younger counterparts. The mean MCRR and PRR calculated using serum total T or d0T data showed a diurnal variation, with levels at midday significantly higher than those measured in the evening in the young (MCRT, P < 0.01; PRT, P < 0.001) and to a lesser extent in the older men (MCRT, P < 0.05; PRT, P < 0.05 using total T and P < 0.001 using d0T data). We conclude that using LC-MS-MS to detect d3T in serum after constant infusion of stable isotope-labeled T allows the measurements of MCRT and PRT, which can be used to study androgen metabolism repeatedly after physiological or pharmacological interventions.
An absolute interferometric dilatometer (1977)

The dimensional changes produced in materials by temperature variations are generally very small, so that sensitive measuring techniques must be used to observe them. The interferometer developed at NPL for thermal expansion measurement exploits the high resolution and accuracy of laser interferometry in a dilatometer design which places a minimum of restrictions on the shapes and dimensions of specimens which can be measured. The presentation of thermal expansion data is discussed and relationships between the relevant parameters are derived. Many different materials have been investigated and some results of interest are included here.
Phase-sensitive Amplifier Based on Two-pump Four-wave Mixing in an Optical Fiber (2006)

We demonstrate a novel scheme of fiber-based phase-sensitive amplifiers using two-pump degenerate four-wave mixing. Phase-sensitive gain ranging from 5dB to -4.5dB is obtained in a simple straight-line configuration composed of a 1-km-long highly nonlinear fiber.
Design and Fabrication of a Motor Legged Capsule for the Active Exploration of the Gastrointestinal Tract (2008)

This paper describes a novel solution for the active locomotion of a miniaturized endoscopic capsule in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In particular, the authors present the design, development, and testing of a legged locomotion system embedded in a capsule (with a volume of about 4-5 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) and actuated by a brushless minimotor. The actuation mechanism and transmission mechanism are described in detail in order to highlight the compactness of the overall design. This device is provided with four superelastic legs, allowing large stroke advancement in the GI tract, and a CMOS frontal camera, for diagnostic purposes. A dedicated electronic board for controlling the opening angle of the legs and adjusting their speed has been developed. In order to investigate the motion ability of the device, a set of experiments has been carried out. Four different types of superelastic legs have been designed and tested with the objective to identify the best leg configuration for capsule locomotion. Experimental results demonstrate that the device can travel in the digestive tract with a typical speed ranging between 10 and 40 mm/min.
Simulation-based optimization method for release control of a re-entrant manufacturing system (2012)

Release control plays an important role in the operational performance of manufacturing systems. In this research, a simulation-based optimization method is proposed for the release control of a re-entrant manufacturing system. First, a simulation system is developed for a real re-entrant job shop. Secondly, a genetic algorithm, Memetic-climbing algorithm and Memetic-SA algorithm are designed to generate a near-optimal release control solution, respectively. Finally, the proposed methods are validated and verified by simulations. The simulation results show that the simulation-based optimization method has the ability to obtain near-optimal release control solutions in a reasonable time.
Focused ion beam insulator deposition (1995)

Focused ion beam (FIB) induced deposition of insulating films from TEOS, a SiO2 precursor, is reported. Deposition was typically carried out using a 30 kV beam of Ga+ ions with a range of ion beam currents from 40 to 2000 pA. The deposition rate was measured as a function of beam current density into the scanned area and scan period, with a typical rate of 0.3 μm3/nC being noted. An important application of the FIB is to repair integrated circuits enabling faster debugging and shorter design cycles. With the continuing trend toward devices containing more interconnect layers having narrower tracks and spaces, it is becoming increasingly difficult to access lower metal levels when they are completely covered by wide upper tracks. Localized FIB insulator deposition enables contact to lower level metal without first removing large areas of the upper metal layers which would otherwise be required. In such structures isolation resistances of more than 15 GΩ have been measured between the metal layers, corresponding to resistivities greater than 108 Ω cm, with a breakdown voltage for the material in the range of 20 to greater than 100 V/μm.
Managing the Safety of Large, Onshore Workforces - The Qatargas 2 Project Experience (2008)

Abstract Managing the safety of very large construction workforces (over 25,000) made up of workers from very diverse backgrounds<br>and experience levels can be a major undertaking on any project.
Cloning of transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells; an efficient method to analyse and reduce high natural heterogeneity of transgene expression (2009)

The results demonstrate that, besides genetic heterogeneity detected in some lines, the primary lines often contained a mixture of epigenetically different cells that could be separated by cloning. This indicates that a single integration event frequently results in various heritable expression patterns, which are probably accidental and become stabilized in the offspring of the primary transformed cells early after the integration event. Because heterogeneity in transgene expression has proven to be a serious problem, it is highly advisable to use transgenes tagged with a visual marker for BY-2 transformation. The cloning procedure can be used not only for efficient reduction of expression heterogeneity of such transgenes, but also as a useful tool for studies of transgene expression and other purposes.
An active interference cancellation technique with harmonic rejection for a broadband channelizer (2013)

A feedback-based active interference suppression technique employing harmonic rejection mixers (HRMs) for enhancing linearity in a broadband channelizer is proposed. In the approach, an interferer is down-converted to baseband, low-pass filtered and then up-converted, where it is subtracted from the input. Using previously reported HRMs capable of LO frequency synthesis in both the down-conversion and up-conversion paths, wideband interference cancellation is achieved without the use of a wide tuning range PLL. Limitation on the maximum achievable interference rejection due to unwanted interaction between inband and out-of-band harmonics is identified. An approach based on a 2-step up-conversion in the feedback path is proposed to remove this limitation. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified through simulation.
Functional Hyperbranched Polymers Using Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Dicyclopentadiene with Monoterpenes (2009)

A general method for the synthesis of hyperbranched functional polymers in monoterpenes is described. During the polymerization of dicyclopentadiene, metathesis reactions between the growing polymer chain and monoterpenes produced soluble well-defined polymers. The molecular weight, intrinsic viscosity [η], and glass transition temperature (Tg) values resulting from chain transfer to monoterpenes depended on the mode of monomer addition but generally decreased as follows: d-limonene > limonene oxide > β-pinene. Calculation of the Mark−Houwink−Sakarada values by gel permeation chromatography suggested that, in solution, the branched poly(dicyclopentadiene) had a smaller hydrodynamic volume than polynorbornene. Characterization by NMR spectroscopy indicated the hyperbranched polymer had a complex structure composed of linear, terminal, semidendritic, and dendritic units.
GPU simulator of multilayer neural network based on multi-valued neurons (2016)

In this paper, we consider principles of design and basic fundamentals of a GPU simulator of the multilayer neural network with multi-valued neurons (MLMVN). Slowing down a learning process due to a big learning dataset and/or a big neural network needed for solving a certain problem is a potential bottleneck preventing the use of neural networks for solving some challenging problems. The same is related to deep learning. MLMVN is a feedforward complex-valued neural network, which has a number of advantages when compared to real-valued neural networks. These advantages include derivative-free learning and significantly better generalization capability. To extend applicability of MLMVN, its GPU-based software implementation shall be considered. We present basic principles of the GPU simulator of MLMVN and how matrix algebra operations are specifically employed there. It is shown that the bigger the network is, the more beneficial is its GPU implementation. It is shown that up to 32× acceleration can be achieved for the MLMVN learning process. Some applications, which could not be even considered without a GPU simulator, are also presented.
Refining the Mismatch Concept in Acute Stroke: Lessons Learned from PET and MRI (2012)

In ischemic stroke, positron-emission tomography (PET) established the imaging-based concept of penumbra. It defines hypoperfused, but functionally impaired, tissue with preserved viability that can be rescued by timely reperfusion. Diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted (PW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) translated the concept of penumbra to the concept of mismatch. However, the use of mismatch-based patient stratification for reperfusion therapy remains a matter of debate. The equivalence of mismatch and penumbra, as well as the validity of the classical mismatch concept is questioned for several reasons. First, methodological differences between PET and MRI lead to different definitions of the tissue at risk. Second, the mismatch concept is still poorly standardized among imaging facilities causing relevant variability in stroke research. Third, relevant conceptual issues (e.g., the choice of the adequate perfusion measure, the best quantitative approach to perfusion maps, and the required size of the mismatch) need further refinement. Fourth, the use of single thresholds does not account for the physiological heterogeneity of the penumbra and probabilistic approaches may be more promising. The implementation of this current knowledge into an optimized state-of-the-art mismatch model and its validation in clinical stroke studies remains a major challenge for future stroke research.
Stability of Belladonna Mottle Virus Particles: the Role of Polyamines and Calcium (1987)

Summary The stability of belladonna mottle virus (BDMV) has been studied with respect to elevated pH and to freezing and thawing. BDMV, purified by a modified procedure, was stable at alkaline pH, in contradiction to earlier reports. This difference in the stability could be attributed to the presence of 90 to 140 molecules of spermidine, 20 to 50 molecules of putrescine and 500 to 900 calcium ions in each virus particle. The polyamines could be easily exchanged with other cations such as potassium or caesium and this resulted in a loss of particle stability. These cations may therefore play a role in maintaining the integrity of particle structure. The formation of empty protein shells as a result of freezing and thawing BDMV particles parallels earlier observations on turnip yellow mosaic virus particles.