gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulating Neurogenesis to Treat Alzheimer's Disease (2007)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and also promotes their release from the bone marrow into the blood. G-CSF has been reported to stimulate the regeneration of nonhematopoietic tissues following damage, such as skeletal muscle, heart, and neurons. Tsai et al . found that injected G-CSF improved neurological function in two mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The AD mice performed better in the Morris water maze test after injection with G-CSF. The neuronal cell death and damage associated with AD involves the formation of plaques containing high concentrations of amyloid β protein (Aβ). Although the concentration of Aβ in the brains was unchanged by G-CSF treatment, there was increased cell proliferation in the areas surrounding the plaques and increased acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter that is decreased in AD brains due to loss of cholinergic neurons. Costaining of the proliferating cells suggested that they were derived from the hematopoietic stem cells. Thus, G-CSF, which is already used clinically to treat neutropenia, may provide additional options for ameliorating the symptoms of AD. K.-J. Tsai, Y.-C. Tsai, C.-K. J. Shen, G-SCF rescues the memory impairment of animal models of Alzheimer's disease. J. Exp. Med. 204 , 1273-1280 (2007). [PubMed]
Theory of optical-phonon interactions in a rectangular quantum wire (1991)

The Hamiltonian describing the iteraction of both confined longitudinal-optical and surface-optical photons with charge carriers is derived from the macroscopic dielectric continuum model for the case of a rectangular quantum wire where photon confinement occurs in two of the three spatial dimensions. The full interaction Hamiltonian is used to calculate the total scattering rate for electron-optical-phonon scattering of electrons traversing a GaAs square quantum wire. The results demonstrate that the interaction by the surface-optical phonon modes is very strong and may dominate over other scattering processes, especially with dimensions of about 100 A or less. A considerable decrease in the total scattering rate for optical phonons as a result of simple reduction in dimensionality is not observed in this study.
Bicmos Logic Circuits (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Bicmos Inverter Cmos Parallel Adders Mixed Cmos/Bicomos Area‐Time Optimal Adders Conclusions
Automatic creation of hypervideo news libraries for the World Wide Web (1998)

No abstract available.
Equivalence of Pulsed-Dose-Rate to Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation in Tumor and Normal Cell Lines (2001)

To determine whether different fractionation schemes could simulate low-dose-rate irradiation, ovarian cells of the carcinoma cell lines A2780s (radiosensitive) and A2780cp (radioresistant) and AG1522 normal human fibroblasts were irradiated in vitro using different fraction sizes and intervals between fractions with an overall average dose rate of 0.53 Gy/h. For the resistant cell line, the three fractionation schemes, 0.53 Gy given every hour, 1.1 Gy every 2 h, and 1.6 Gy every 3 h, were equivalent to low dose rate (0.53 Gy/h). Two larger fraction sizes, 2.1 Gy every 4 h and 3.2 Gy every 6 h, resulted in lower survival than that after low-dose-rate irradiation for the resistant cell line, suggesting incomplete repair of radiation damage due to the larger fraction sizes. The survival for the sensitive cell line was lower at small doses, but then it increased until it was equivalent to that after low-dose-rate irradiation for some fractionation schemes. The sensitive cell line showed equivalence only with the 1.6-Gy fraction every 3 h, although 0.53 Gy every 1 h and 1.1 Gy every 2 h showed equivalence at lower doses. This cell line also showed an adaptive response. The normal cell line showed a sensitization to the pulsed-dose-rate schemes compared to low-dose-rate irradiation. These data indicate that the response to pulsed-dose-rate irradiation is dependent on the cell line and that compared to the response to low-dose-rate irradiation, it shows some equivalence with the resistant carcinoma cell line, an adaptive response with the parental carcinoma cell line, and sensitization with the normal cells. Therefore, further evaluation is required before implementing pulsed-dose-rate irradiation in the clinic.
Functional protein kinase arrays reveal inhibition of p‐21‐activated kinase 4 by α‐synuclein oligomers (2007)

There is increasing evidence that aggregation of alpha-synuclein contributes to the functional and structural deterioration in the CNS of Parkinson's disease patients and transgenic animal models. alpha-Synuclein binds to various cellular proteins and aggregated alpha-synuclein species may affect their physiological function. In the present study, we used protein arrays spotted with 178 active human kinases for a large-scale analysis of the effects of recombinant alpha-synuclein on kinase activities. Incubation with globular alpha-synuclein oligomers significantly inhibited autophosphorylation of p21-activated kinase (PAK4) compared to treatment with monomeric alpha-synuclein or beta-synuclein. A concentration-dependent inhibition was also observed in a solution-based kinase assay. To show in vivo relevance, we analyzed brainstem protein extracts from alpha-synuclein (A30P) transgenic mice where accumulation of alpha-synuclein oligomers has been demonstrated. By immunoblotting using a phospho-specific antibody, we detected a significant decline in phosphorylation of LIM kinase 1, a physiological substrate for PAK4. Suppression of PAK activity by amyloid-beta oligomers has been reported in Alzheimer's disease. Thus, PAKs may represent a target for various neurotoxic protein oligomers, and signaling deficits may contribute to the behavioral defects in chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
Humanistic Interventions for Homeless Students: Identifying and Reducing Barriers to Their Personal Development (1995)

This article addresses the effect of homelessness on school‐age youngsters. A discussion of specific counseling intervention strategies are provided to help schools become more responsive to the needs of this at‐risk group of youngsters.
Biodiesel as a Plasticizer of a SBR-Based Tire Tread Formulation (2013)

The solubility parameter of a series of methyl esters of fatty acids, the components of biodiesel, was calculated using the group incremental method proposed by Van Krevelen. The solubility parameter of biodiesel was compared with that of a series of rubbers like EPDM, butyl rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, SBR (with different content of styrene), and nitrile rubber (with different content of acrylonitrile) showing that biodiesel is an effective solvent of all the above mentioned rubbers with the exclusion of nitrile rubber. Indeed, it was experimentally verified that polyisoprene, polybutadiene and SBR are easily soluble in biodiesel while polystyrene gives a cloudy solution. Considerations on the solubility parameter of the biodiesel and of a series of rubbers have led to the conclusion that biodiesel behaves essentially as an internal lubricant in a diene rubber matrix, the same situation occurs with the common aromatic mineral oil plasticizer known as T-RAE. The experimental evaluation of biodiesel as plasticizer in an SBR-based rubber compound in comparison to an aromatic mineral oil have led to the primary conclusion that biodiesel is reactive with the sulphur curing agent subtracting sulphur to the crosslinking polymer chains and leading to a vulcanizatewith lower moduli, tensile and hardness and higher elongationsin comparison to a reference compound fully plasticized with an aromatic mineral oil. However, biodiesel seems a good low temperature plasticizer because the low elastic modulus observed is desired in a winter tire tread for a good grip on snow and ice. The present work is only an exploratory work, and the tire tread formulation with biodiesel was not optimized.
PRATT & WHITNEY STARTS NEW ADP TEST PHASE. (1993)

8 ASUBTITLE: THE ENGINE MANUFACTURER BELIEVES IT WILL BE POSITIONED TO OFFER AN ADVANCED DUCTED PROP AT YEAR'S END.
Whisker Sensor Design for Three Dimensional Position Measurement in Robotic Assisted Beating Heart Surgery (2007)

In the robotic-assisted off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, surgeon performs the operation with intelligent robotic instruments controlled through teleoperation that replace conventional surgical tools. The robotic tools actively cancel the relative motion between the surgical instruments and the point of interest on the beating heart. Measuring the motion of the heart during this operation is an important part of this scheme. In this paper, a novel whisker sensor design to measure the heart motion in three dimensions (3D) is presented. The proposed whisker sensor is a flexible contact sensor. Low stiffness of the sensor prevents damage on the tissue it contacts. This paper explains the design concept, and reports the simulation and measurement results of the prototype whisker position sensor
Total synthesis of natural estrone and estradiol methyl ethers in extremely high enantiomeric purity via an asymmetric Michael addition to an unsaturated sulfoxide (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of natural estrone and estradiol methyl ethers in extremely high enantiomeric purity via an asymmetric Michael addition to an unsaturated sulfoxideGary H. Posner and Christopher. SwitzerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 6, 1239–1244Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00266a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00266a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1584Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Design of Functional DNA‐Binding Proteins Based on Zinc Finger Domains (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Activated Sludge Model No. 3 (1999)

The Activated Sludge Model No. 3 (ASM3) can predict oxygen consumption, sludge production, nitrification and denitrification of activated sludge systems. It relates to the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) and corrects for some defects of ASM1. In addition to ASM1, ASM3 includes storage of organic substrates as a new process. The lysis (decay) process is exchanged for an endogenous respiration process. ASM3 is provided as a reference in a form which can be implemented in a computer code without further adjustments. Typical kinetic and stoichiometric parameters are provided for 10°C and 20°C together with the composition of a typical primary effluent in terms of the model components.
Amyloid Fiber Formation in Human γD-Crystallin Induced by UV–B Photodamage (2013)

γD-Crystallin is an abundant structural protein of the lens that is found in native and modified forms in cataractous aggregates. We establish that UV-B irradiation of γD-Crystallin leads to structurally specific modifications and precipitation via two mechanisms: amorphous aggregates and amyloid fibers. UV-B radiation causes cleavage of the backbone, in large measure near the interdomain interface, where side chain oxidations are also concentrated. 2D IR spectroscopy and expressed protein ligation localize fiber formation exclusively to the C-terminal domain of γD-Crystallin. The native β-sandwich domains are not retained upon precipitation by either mechanism. The similarities between the amyloid forming pathways when induced by either UV-B radiation or low pH suggest that the propensity for the C-terminal β-sandwich domain to form amyloid β-sheets determines the misfolding pathway independent of the mechanism of denaturation.
Expression of parathyroid hormone‐related peptide in human osteoarthritis (1997)

To evaluate the involvement of the expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide gene in human articular cartilage pathology, we performed immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization on specimens of femoral head cartilage obtained from 15 patients with osteoarthritis, 11 with rheumatoid arthritis, and 12 control subjects. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide-positive chondrocytes were observed predominantly in degenerated lesions of osteoarthritic tissue and were less evident in rheumatoid arthritic samples, while the normal cartilage expressed little parathyroid hormone-related peptide. In addition, the level of parathyroid hormone-related peptide expression was clearly dependent on the degree of cartilage degeneration; cartilage tissues with moderate degenerative changes contained more positive chondrocytes compared with mildly or severely degenerated cartilage. In situ hybridization confirmed the localization of parathyroid hormone-related peptide protein and demonstrated intense expression of mRNA of the peptide in osteoarthritic samples. This is the first demonstration of parathyroid hormone-related peptide expression in chondrocytes from pathologic articular cartilage of humans. Our results suggest that parathyroid hormone-related peptide may be involved in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis.
Activation of the Rap1 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Gene,CalDAG-GEF I, in BXH-2 Murine Myeloid Leukemia (2001)

Here we report the recurrent proviral activation of the Rap1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor CalDAG-GEF I (Kawasaki, H., Springett, G. M., Toki, S., Canales, J. J., Harlan, P., Blumenstiel, J. P., Chen, E. J., Bany, I. A., Mochizuki, N., Ashbacher, A., Matsuda, M., Housman, D. E., and Graybiel, A. M. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95, 13278-13283; Correction (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96, 318) gene in BXH-2 acute myeloid leukemia. We also show that CalDAG-GEF I encodes two protein isoforms, a full-length isoform (CalDAG-GEF Ia) and a C-terminally truncated isoform (CalDAG-GEF Ib). Expression of the full-length CalDAG-GEF Ia isoform in Rat2 fibroblasts enhances growth in low serum, whereas expression in Swiss 3T3 cells causes morphological transformation and increased saturation density. In FDCP1 myeloid cells, CalDAG-GEF Ia expression increases growth and saturation density in the presence of the diacylglycerol analogs phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which activates CalDAG-GEF Ia exchange activity. Likewise, in 32Dcl3 myeloblast cells, CalDAG-GEF Ia expression increases cell adherence to fibronectin in response to PMA and calcium ionophore and allows higher saturation densities and prolonged growth on fibronectin-coated plates. These effects were correlated with increased Rap1, but not Ras, protein activation following PMA and calcium ionophore treatment. Our results suggest that Rap1-GTP delivers signals that favor progression through the cell cycle and morphological transformation. The identification of CalDAG-GEF I as a proto-oncogene in BXH-2 acute myeloid leukemia is the first evidence implicating Rap1 signaling in myeloid leukemia.
Protein secondary structure analysis of dried blood serum using infrared spectroscopy to identify markers for colitis screening (2017)

There remains a great need for diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease, for which the current technique, colonoscopy, is costly and also has risks for complications. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is a new screening technique to evaluate colitis. Using second derivative spectral deconvolution of the absorbance spectra, a full set of spectral markers were identified based on statistical analysis. Using this method, Amide I group frequencies, (specifically, α-helix to β-sheet ratio of the protein secondary structure) were identified in addition to the previously reported glucose and mannose signatures in sera of chronic and acute mice models of colitis. We also used the same technique to demonstrate that these spectral markers (α-helix/β-sheet ratio, glucose and mannose) are recovering to basal levels upon anti-TNFα therapy. Hence, this technique will be able to identify changes in the sera due to diseases.
Recent Progress of Medicinal Chemistry Research on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Ligands for the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome (2006)

Improvements in our understanding of the functions of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR ) subtypes as master regulators of lipid, lipoprotein, and glucose homeostasis, and the rapid development of parallel screening assay methods to evaluate transactivation and/or binding activity toward individual PPAR subtypes, have provided an opportunity to develop novel PPAR agonists with characteristic subtype selectivity. Such agonists are candidates for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, which includes type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension. This review focuses on the recent literature dealing with medicinal-chemical strategies to identify PPARδ- selective agonists and PPARδ/α dual agonists. Recent progress of studies on selective modulators of PPARγM (SPPARγM) is also briefly reviewed. Keywords: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, PPAR, PPARδ agonist, PPARδ/α dual agonist, SPPARγM
Dietary arginine requirement of fingerling Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) (2004)

Dietary arginine requirement of fingerling Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (4.20 ± 0.05 cm; 0.60 ± 0.02 g) was determined by conducting a 8-week feeding trial with casein–gelatine-based diets (400 g kg−1 crude protein; 17.90 kJ g−1, gross energy), containing crystalline amino acids with graded levels of l-arginine (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20 and 22.5 g kg−1, dry diet). Fish were randomly stocked, in triplicate groups, in 55-L indoor polyvinyl flow through circular tanks and fed experimental diets at 5% of their body weight divided into two feedings at 08.00 and 16.00 hours. Live weight gain (321%) and feed conversion ratio (FCR 1.40) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fish fed diet containing 17.5 g kg−1dietary arginine compared with other diets. Second-degree polynomial regression analysis of live weight gain, FCR and protein efficiency ratio data indicated requirements for dietary arginine at 18.7, 18.4 and 18.3 g kg−1 of the dry diet, respectively. Maximum carcass protein, and minimum moisture and fat contents were noticed at the requirement level. Carcass ash content remained insignificantly different among the treatments except at 17.5 g kg−1 dietary arginine showing significantly higher ash content. Based on the above results, it is recommended that the diet for fingerling C. mrigala should contain arginine at 18.4 g kg−1, dry diet, corresponding to 46 g kg−1 dietary protein for optimum growth and efficient feed utilization.
Soot Formation from Synthetic Fuel Droplets (1983)

Measurements from synthetic fuel spray flames and laboratory droplet reactors indicated the extent to which fuel properties and combustion conditions influenced particulate yields. A series of seven fuels were tested in a 21 kW spray combustor for total particulate by gravimetric sampling and soot by Bacharach smoke number. Variations in total particulate were dominated by the tendency of the fuel to form cenospheres while smoke number correlated with the C:H ratio of the fuel. The laboratory droplet studies were performed in a gas flame supported reaction environment. These results confirmed the correlation between soot yield and C:H ratio. In addition, two distinct forms of disruptive droplet combustion were observed.
3-D object modeling by a camera equipped on a mobile robot (2004)

This paper describes 3-D shape modeling performed by a mobile robot. We propose a method in which the robot in the real environment acquires the accurate shape and constructs a 3-D model of an object using Computer Vision techniques under the condition that position and shape of the object is unknown. 3-D modeling is performed from image streams which are captured by a camera placed on the robot. The results show the effectiveness of our method.
Functional Analysis of the Type III Effectors AvrRpt2 and AvrRpm1 of <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> with the Use of a Single-Copy Genomic Integration System (2001)

Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria require a type III secretion apparatus for pathogenesis, presumably to deliver Avr effector proteins directly into plant cells. To extend previous studies of Avr effectors that employed plasmids encoding Avr proteins, we developed a system that permits the integration of any gene into the Pseudomonas syringae genome in single copy. With this system, we confirmed earlier findings showing that P. syringae pv. maculicola strain PsmES4326 expressing the AvrRpt2 effector induces a resistance response in plants with the cognate R gene, RPS2. Chromosomally located avrRpt2, however, provoked a stronger resistance response than that observed with plasmid-expressed AvrRpt2 in RPS2+ plants. Additionally, chromosomal expression of AvrRpt2 conferred a fitness advantage on P. syringae grown in rps2- plants, aiding in growth within leaves and escape to leaf surfaces that was difficult to detect with plasmid-borne avrRpt2. Finally, with the use of the genomic integration system, we found that a chimeric protein composed of the N terminus of the heterologous AvrRpml effector and the C-terminal effector region of AvrRpt2 was delivered to plant cells. Because the C terminus of AvrRpt2 cannot translocate into plant cells on its own, this indicates that the N-terminal region can direct secretion and translocation during an infection, which supports the view that Avr proteins have a modular design. This work establishes a readily manipulatable system to study type III effectors in a biologically realistic context.
Suppression of T-Lymphocyte Activation and Chemotaxis by the Adenylate Cyclase Toxin of<i>Bordetella pertussis</i> (2008)

The adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) released by Bordetella pertussis is an essential virulence factor for colonization of the host. This toxin inhibits migration and activation of phagocytes, thereby preventing bacterial killing. In addition, CyaA interferes with the initiation of adaptive immunity by misdirecting dendritic cell differentiation to a suppressive rather than stimulatory phenotype. Here we show that CyaA directly affects adaptive responses by catalyzing cyclic AMP (cAMP) production in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Treatment with CyaA resulted in profound impairment of T-lymphocyte activation and chemotaxis. These effects resulted from inhibition of T-cell antigen receptor and chemokine receptor signaling via a cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent pathway. A comparison of the activities of CyaA on T-cell and macrophage activation and migration revealed that the biological effects of the toxin were paralleled by inhibition of the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, highlighting the conclusion that the ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved MAP kinase modules are common targets of the PKA-mediated immunosuppressant activities of CyaA and underlining the potential of cAMP-elevating toxins as a means of evasion of immunity by bacterial pathogens.