gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Talking dirty: how to save a million lives (2003)

Infectious diseases are still the number one threat to public health in developing countries. Diarrhoeal diseases alone are responsible for the deaths of at least 2 million children yearly - hygiene is paramount to resolving this problem. The function of hygienic behaviour is to prevent the transmission of the agents of infection. The most effective way of stopping infection is to stop faecal material getting into the child's environment by safe disposal of faeces and washing hands with soap once faecal material has contaminated them in the home. A review of the literature on handwashing puts it top in a list of possible interventions to prevent diarrhoea. Handwashing with soap has been calculated to save a million lives. However, few people do wash their hands with soap at these critical times. Obtaining a massive increase in handwashing worldwide requires a sea-change in thinking. Initial results from a new programme led by the World Bank, with many partner organisations, suggest that health is low on people's list of motives, rather, hands are washed to remove dirt, to rinse food off after eating, to make hands look and smell good, and as an act of motherly caring. Professional consumer and market research agencies are being used to work with the soap industry to design professional communications programmes to reach whole populations in Ghana and India. Tools and techniques for marketing handwashing and for measuring the actual impact on behaviour will be applied in new public-private handwashing programmes, which are to start up soon in Nepal, China, Peru and Senegal.
Melatonin and N‐tert‐butyl‐α‐phenylnitrone block 60‐Hz magnetic field‐induced DNA single and double strand breaks in rat brain cells (1997)

In previous research, we have found an increase in DNA single- and double-strand breaks in brain cells of rats after acute exposure (two hours) to a sinusoidal 60-Hz magnetic field. The present experiment was carried out to investigate whether treatment with melatonin and the spin-trap compound N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) could block the effect of magnetic fields on brain cell DNA. Rats were injected with melatonin (1 mg/kg, sc) or PBN (100 mg/kg, ip) immediately before and after two hours of exposure to a 60-Hz magnetic field at an intensity of 0.5 mT. We found that both drug treatments blocked the magnetic field-induced DNA single- and double-strand breaks in brain cells, as assayed by a microgel electrophoresis method. Since melatonin and PBN are efficient free radical scavengers, these data suggest that free radicals may play a role in magnetic field-induced DNA damage.
FMEA automation for the complete design process (2002)

Performing an FMEA during the design stage is a valuable technique for improving the reliability of a product. Unfortunately, the traditional brainstorming approach is also very tedious, time consuming, and error prone. Automating the process promises the generation of a more complete, consistent FMEA worksheet in a fraction of the time currently required. However, to be truly valuable, this automation must follow the product though the entire design cycle at each level of design: architecture; subsystem; and component. This paper presents an FMEA automation approach that spans the entire design cycle for electrical/electronic circuits. Brainstorming is replaced by computer simulation of failure modes and their effects. Qualitative simulation is used in the early (architectural) stages when design detail is not available. As the design progresses, the qualitative simulation gives way to quantitative simulation. Throughout, the information required to perform the FMEA is gleaned from that used to understand the nominal behavior of the circuit; thus the relief from brainstorming is not offset by a new modeling burden. Sample results from software supporting this approach are presented.
Intramolecular catalysis of sulfate ester hydrolysis. Model for aryl sulfate sulfohydrolase (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular catalysis of sulfate ester hydrolysis. Model for aryl sulfate sulfohydrolaseStephen J. Benkovic and Leonard K. Dunikoski, Jr.Cite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 6, 1390–1397Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00808a013https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00808a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aerosol Drug Delivery (2010)

Abstract Aerosol drug delivery to the lungs has long been the route of choice for the treatment of respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive airway disease. Metered dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and nebulizers have been employed to successfully deliver a wide range of pharmaceuticals principally to the lungs for local action. This article focuses on aerosol drug delivery devices, their development, and future prospects for pulmonary administration.
Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Poly(mandelic acid) Derivatives (2007)

Homo- and heterochiral poly(mandelic acid)s (PMDAs) were synthesized under strongly acidic, mildly acidic, and nonacidic conditions. The water-soluble fractions of these polymers were evaluated with respect to their inhibitory activity against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Polymers were prepared via a step-growth mechanism, yielding linear polyesters. The polymers were characterized by CHS elemental microanalysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and FT-IR spectroscopy. Polymers prepared by the three methods have different structures. Both elemental microanalysis and XRF indicated the presence of S in those polymers prepared by treatment with concentrated H2SO4, which were the only ones exhibiting inhibitory and virucidal activity against HIV-1, mediated by their binding to cellular co-receptor binding sites on the virus envelope glycoprotein gp120. Additionally, FT-IR spectroscopy indicated the complete absence of C=O functionality in the H2SO4-prepared PMDA.
On-chip RF isolation techniques (2003)

On-chip isolation is a function of many interdependent variables. This paper uses industry examples to highlight the isolation impacts of technology - substrate doping levels and triple wells, grounding/guard rings, shielding, capacitive decoupling, and package inductance.
Removal of Movement Artifact From High-Density EEG Recorded During Walking and Running (2010)

Although human cognition often occurs during dynamic motor actions, most studies of human brain dynamics examine subjects in static seated or prone conditions. EEG signals have historically been considered to be too noise prone to allow recording of brain dynamics during human locomotion. Here we applied a channel-based artifact template regression procedure and a subsequent spatial filtering approach to remove gait-related movement artifact from EEG signals recorded during walking and running. We first used stride time warping to remove gait artifact from high-density EEG recorded during a visual oddball discrimination task performed while walking and running. Next, we applied infomax independent component analysis (ICA) to parse the channel-based noise reduced EEG signals into maximally independent components (ICs) and then performed component-based template regression. Applying channel-based or channel-based plus component-based artifact rejection significantly reduced EEG spectral power in the 1.5- to 8.5-Hz frequency range during walking and running. In walking conditions, gait-related artifact was insubstantial: event-related potentials (ERPs), which were nearly identical to visual oddball discrimination events while standing, were visible before and after applying noise reduction. In the running condition, gait-related artifact severely compromised the EEG signals: stable average ERP time-courses of IC processes were only detectable after artifact removal. These findings show that high-density EEG can be used to study brain dynamics during whole body movements and that mechanical artifact from rhythmic gait events may be minimized using a template regression procedure.
Parametric yield maximization using gate sizing based on efficient statistical power and delay gradient computation (2005)

With the increased significance of leakage power and performance variability, the yield of a design is becoming constrained both by power and performance limits, thereby significantly complicating circuit optimization. In this paper, we propose a new optimization method for yield optimization under simultaneous leakage power and performance limits. The optimization approach uses a novel leakage power and performance analysis that is statistical in nature and considers the correlation between leakage power and performance to enable accurate computation of circuit yield under power and delay limits. We then propose a new heuristic approach to incrementally compute the gradient of yield with respect to gate sizes in the circuit with high efficiency and accuracy. We then show how this gradient information can be effectively used by a non-linear optimizer to perform yield optimization. We consider both inter-die and intra-die variations with correlated and random components. The proposed approach is implemented and tested and we demonstrate up to 40% yield improvement compared to a deterministically optimized circuit.
Multiplexed AtheNA multi-lyte immunoassay for ANA screening in autoimmune diseases (2005)

We suggest that the AtheNA technology may be a useful diagnostic tool for ANA screening. Additional investigations are required to compare an analytic performance between AtheNA and routine methods in determination of the individual autoantibody profile.
Study on Oxidation Effect of Ozone on Petroleum-Based Pollutants in Water (2009)

The removal of petroleum-based pollutants from water by ozone is studied. The results indicate that the oxidation effect of ozone on the petroleum-based pollutants is associated with water temperature, pH, dosage of ozone and reaction time. The removal efficiency of petroleum-based pollutants increases with the rise of temperature, pH, amount of ozone and reaction time, and reaches 83% under the conditions that the ratio of ozone to petroleum-based pollutants is 1:1 and the reaction time is 10 min. GC/MS analysis reveals that the amount of petroleum-based pollutants in water is reduced 39% from the previous 61 organics to 37 organics, the total peak area is reduced 36% after ozone oxidation treatment. Therefore, ozone has an excellent effect on the removal of petroleum-based pollutants and can be applied in the treatment of petroleum wastewaters.
Mutations in the yeast PDR3, PDR4, PDR7 and PDR9 pleiotropic (multiple) drug resistance loci affect the transcript level of an ATP binding cassette transporter encoding gene, PDR5. (1994)

The yeast pleiotropic (multiple drug) resistance gene PDR5 encodes a product with homology to a large number of membrane transport proteins including the mammalian multiple drug resistance family. In this study, we identified four genes on chromosome II that affect the steady-state level of PDR5 transcript in addition to a previously identified positive regulator, PDR1. The genes in question are PDR3, PDR4, PDR7 and PDR9. We also analyzed the interaction between PDR5 and YAP1. YAP1 encodes a positive regulator with a leucine zipper motif that causes pleiotropic drug resistance when overproduced. YAP1-mediated pleiotropic drug resistance is not dependent on the presence of PDR5 and must act through other genes.
选购指南：没有照片同样出“彩” (2002)

在传统的观念和做法中，人们对照片给予了足够的重视和保留，而底片则仿佛是食之无味的“鸡肋”，然而当照片损坏，丢失或再需要时，人们往往又要翻箱倒柜地寻找底片，既费时，又费力。于是人们不禁要问．有没有一种更好的方法解决底片的保存问题呢?
Gene therapy for the hemophilias (1999)

The hemophilias are a group of severe bleeding disorders resulting from the lack of functional blood coagulation factor VIII (hemophilia A) or factor IX (hemophilia B). Factor IX, when activated, catalyzes the conversion of factor X to its activated form, and activated factor VIII serves as a cofactor in this reaction. Clinically the disorders are indistinguishable, and they were not distinguished in the laboratory until the 1950s, when two research teams independently demonstrated that plasma from one group of patients could correct the clotting defect of the other group (1, 2). Clinically the disease is characterized by frequent spontaneous bleeds into joints and soft tissues, with the potential to result in a chronic and debilitating arthropathy. More serious complications, and death, can result from bleeding into other critical closed spaces, such as the intracranial or the retroperitoneal space. The disease is classified as severe, moderate, or mild, based on circulating-factor levels, with severe defined as <1% of normal activity, moderate as 1–5%, and mild as 5–30%.
Solvothermal synthesis of nano‐CeO <sub>2</sub> aggregates and its application as a high‐efficient arsenic adsorbent (2018)

Abstract Aggregates of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (nano‐CeO 2 ) were successfully prepared via a facile solvothermal process in this study. The crystallographic information and morphological information of nano‐CeO 2 were systematically studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), laser particle size analyzer (LA) and specific surface area and pore size analyzer during the solvothermal process. Among all the obtained samples, the 18‐h solvothermal‐prepared nano‐CeO 2 aggregates show the best crystallinity and the largest specific surface area of 110.92 m 2 ·g −1 . Owing to the high activity derived from the high specific surface area of the aggregates, the application as arsenic (As) adsorption was also studied. The adsorption efficiency of arsenic by nano‐CeO 2 aggregates was established as the function of adsorbent dose, then pH value and at last adsorption time. The results indicate that the nano‐CeO 2 aggregates show a high efficiency in removing arsenic from low As concentration solution, from which the nano‐CeO 2 adsorbent could be easily separated. In addition, the adsorption kinetics is best fitted to pseudo‐second‐order model ( R 2 = 0.99999).
Comparative effects of an acute dose of fish oil on omega-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cells versus plasma: Implications for clinical utility (2013)

An acute dose of n-3 FA (eg, a meal of oily fish or fish oil supplements) taken within a day before a doctor's visit can elevate levels of EPA + DHA in plasma, whether expressed as a percentage or a concentration, but not in RBC membranes. Similar to hemoglobin A1c, which is not affected by an acute glycemic deviation, RBCs provide a more reliable estimate of a patient's chronic EPA + DHA status than does plasma.
Shear Wave Dispersion in Lean Versus Steatotic Rat Livers (2015)

We have confirmed in 3 separate studies the validity of our dispersion hypothesis in animal models.
Intrauterine insemination: a systematic review on determinants of success (2002)

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a frequently indicated therapeutic modality in infertility. Here, a systematic review of the literature was performed to examine the current status of clinical and laboratory methodologies used in IUI and the impact of female and male factors on pregnancy success. Emphasis was centred in questioning the following: (i) the value of IUI against timed intercourse; (ii) IUI application with or without controlled ovarian hyperstimulation; (iii) timing and frequency of IUI; and (iv) impact of various parameters (male/female) on the prediction of pregnancy outcome. The odds of multiple pregnancy occurrence and its risk factors, as well as the cost-effectiveness of IUI treatment compared with more complex assisted reproductive technologies are discussed. A computerized literature search was performed including Medline and the Cochrane library, as well as a crossover search from retrieved papers. It is concluded that although IUI is a successful contemporary treatment for appropriately selected cases of female and/or male infertility, further research is needed through well-designed studies to improve the methodologies currently utilized. Importantly, the clinical management of the infertile couple should be performed in an expedited manner taking into consideration the age of the woman, the presence of multifactorial infertility and cost-effectiveness of the available treatment alternatives.
Electric Properties of Pb(Sb<sub>1/2</sub>Nb<sub>1/2</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-PbTiO<sub>3</sub>-PbZrO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics Modified with Certain Additives (1995)

Effects of additives on the ceramic and electric properties of Pb(Sb 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 -PbZrO 3 ceramics in a perovskite-type structure were investigated. Addition of small amounts of MnO 2 or NiO increased the sintered density. However, larger amounts of MnO 2 or NiO lowered the sintered density. Small amounts of MnO 2 or NiO promoted the grain growth of the ternary base composition. The microstructure indicated that small amounts of MnO 2 produced a fine, uniform grain structure and addition of NiO produced clearer grain boundaries and larger grain size than MnO 2 addition. The resistivity, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the base composition were improved markedly through selection of additives in proper amounts. High mechanical quality factor, Q M (2070), low dielectric dissipation factors (36×10 -4 ) and high radial coupling coefficient, k p (54%) were obtained by addition of MnO 2 .
Emergent computation (1991)

Analogies with immunology represent an important step toward the vision of robust, distributed protection for computers.
A serum- and feeder-free technique of culturing human corneal epithelial stem cells on amniotic membrane. (2009)

A serum- and feeder-free culture system using Epilife medium may grow human corneal epithelial equivalents, minimizing the risk of contamination during culture. The technique may also be useful for the clinical application of limbal stem cell culture.
L- MYC Expression Maintains Self-Renewal and Prolongs Multipotency of Primary Human Neural Stem Cells (2016)

Pre-clinical studies indicate that neural stem cells (NSCs) can limit or reverse CNS damage through direct cell replacement, promotion of regeneration, or delivery of therapeutic agents. Immortalized NSC lines are in growing demand due to the inherent limitations of adult patient-derived NSCs, including availability, expandability, potential for genetic modifications, and costs. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a new human fetal NSC line, immortalized by transduction with L-MYC (LM-NSC008) that in vitro displays both self-renewal and multipotent differentiation into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. These LM-NSC008 cells were non-tumorigenic in vivo, and migrated to orthotopic glioma xenografts in immunodeficient mice. When administered intranasally, LM-NSC008 distributed specifically to sites of traumatic brain injury (TBI). These data support the therapeutic development of immortalized LM-NSC008 cells for allogeneic use in TBI and other CNS diseases.
Petdeset let geografije v Mariboru (2013)

Digitalna knjižnica Univerze v Mariboru - institucionalni repozitorij Univerze v Mariboru: diplomska, magistrska in doktorska dela; publikacije, raziskovalni podatki, drugi raziskovalni rezultati; izdaje univerzitetne založbe.
A novel computational approach for drug repurposing using systems biology (2018)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
On-chip flexible multi-layer sensors for Human stress monitoring (2014)

We present a flexible multimodal stress sensor, where a skin temperature sensor, a skin conductance sensor, and a pulse wave sensor are integrated; thereby minimizing skin contact area as well as increasing device flexibility for applications to human stress monitoring in daily life. We design and fabricate the multilayered stress sensor, and experimentally verify the sensor performance for the simultaneous measurement of skin temperature, skin conductance and arterial pulse wave. The skin contact area of the flexible multimodal stress sensor has been reduced the 0.8% of the conventional stress measurement device; thus, demonstrating sensor's potential for multimodal Human bio-signal monitoring applications, such as mobile electronics and wearable devices with improved wearing comfort.
A prospective randomized pilot comparison of intranasal fentanyl and intramuscular morphine for analgesia in children presenting to the emergency department with clinical fractures (1999)

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of intranasal fentanyl analgesia for children. Methods: A prospective, open‐label, two‐arm pilot study was conducted. Children, aged 3 to 10 years, with clinical limb fractures were randomized to receive 1 μg/kg intranasal fentanyl via nasal spray or 0.2 mg/kg intramuscular morphine. Tolerance to administration, pain scores, rescue analgesia, adverse events and physiological data were recorded at intervals over 30 min. Results: Forty‐seven children were recruited to the study. Tolerance to administration was better for intranasal fentanyl compared with intramuscular morphine (median scores 1 vs 2; P < 0.001). Pain scores over the trial period were similar in both groups. One child receiving intranasal fentanyl required rescue analgesia. No significant adverse effects were noted. Conclusions: Intranasal fentanyl provides effective paediatric analgesia comparable to intramuscular morphine and is better tolerated. A larger study is needed to determine dose range and confirm safety.
Symbol Digit and the Quantitative EEG (2012)

The coordination of allocation resource model of brain functioning examines the relations between quantitative EEG (QEEG) variables and cognitive performance on specific tasks. The Digit Symbol (DS) subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales has proven to be a sensitive measure in a variety of clinical conditions. A conceptually and empirically similar task (Symbol Digit [SD]) was employed to examine the QEEG correlates of successful functioning. A sample of 119 participants engaged in a modified SD test for 200 seconds while QEEG data were obtained. The participant verbally provided the matching number to the examiner to avoid any motor component of the task. There were negative relations between performance and magnitudes across almost all locations and across a wide bandwidth (0-64 Hz). Negative relations to SD performance were also observed for increased relative power of beta1, whereas positive relations were found for absolute values of coherences of alpha, beta1 (13-32 Hz), and beta2 (32-64 Hz). The results showed the importance of spectral correlation coefficients (SCC) in cognitive functioning, in particular the SCC values within the frontal region and in the 13-64 frequency range.