gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression and Gene Copy Number in Conventional Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2008)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, but its relationship with EGFR gene copy number has not been studied. This study examined EGFR expression and gene copy number in hepatocellular carcinoma and evaluated their relationship to clinicopathologic features in 76 tumors. Moderate to strong expression of EGFR was observed by immunohistochemical analysis in 50 (66%) of 76 hepatocellular carcinomas. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed extra EGFR gene copies in 17 (45%) of 38 tumors. This was accompanied by gains of chromosome 7, indicating that this was the result of balanced polysomy rather than gene amplification. There was no correlation between EGFR expression by immunohistochemical analysis and gene copy number by FISH. EGFR expression showed borderline association with cirrhosis but not with other clinicopathologic parameters examined. EGFR overexpression is present in a majority of hepatocellular carcinomas, suggesting a role for EGFR antagonists in therapy. The increased expression does not correlate with an increase in the EGFR gene copy number.
Cytokine production in human periodontal ligament cells stimulated with <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (2006)

This study demonstrated that hPDL cells produce many kinds of cytokines as a result of bacterial stimulation, including stimulation with P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. These results suggest that hPDL cells may play a role in cytokine production in periodontal disease.
Tailor-made directional emission in nanoimprinted plasmonic-based light-emitting devices (2014)

We demonstrate an enhanced and tailor-made directional emission of light-emitting devices using nanoimprinted hexagonal arrays of aluminum nanoparticles. Fourier microscopy reveals that the luminescence of the device is not only determined by the material properties of the organic dye molecules but is also strongly influenced by the coherent scattering resulting from periodically arranged metal nanoparticles. Emitters can couple to lattice-induced hybrid plasmonic-photonic modes sustained by plasmonic arrays. Such modes enhance the spatial coherence of an emitting layer, allowing the efficient beaming of the emission along narrow angular and spectral ranges. We show that tailoring the separation of the nanoparticles in the array yields an accurate angular distribution of the emission. This combination of large-area metal nanostructures fabricated by nanoimprint lithography and light-emitting devices is beneficial for the design and optimization of solid-state lighting systems.
Fabrication of 3-D Porous Mg/Zn doped Tricalcium Phosphate Bone-Scaffolds via the Fused Deposition Modelling (2006)

Three dimensionally interconnected porous resorbable beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ceramic scaffolds were developed using the indirect fused deposition modelling process. β-TCP was doped with Mg and Zn, separately, to improve its sintering kinetics and facilitate fabrication of viable porous scaffolds. Effects of Mg and Zn on sintering kinetics and densification of β-TCP were studied. Fabricated porous scaffolds were tested for their failure strength under uniaxial compressive loading. Results showed that the scaffolds of Mg doped β-TCP possessed higher compression strength than the structures of Zn doped β-TCP. X-ray powder diffraction technique was used to analyze the phase purity and phase transformation.
Ultrasonic leaky waves in the presence of a thin layer (1981)

This paper presents theoretical and experimental results on the problem of bounded acoustic beam reflection at the Rayleigh angle from a fluid-solid interface which is loaded by a thin solid layer. The theoretical developement exploits the framework of existing theory to yield a simple, analytic model which is reasonably accurate for thin layers. It is shown that the influence of the layer is contained entirely in the dispersive Rayleigh wavespeed and the thickness-dependent displacement parameter Δs . Measurements of the reflected acoustic field amplitude have been performed on several samples of stainless steel loaded with a copper layer. We have found reasonably good agreement between the theoretical model calculations and experimental measurements for ratios of the layer thickness to the Rayleigh wavelength as large as 0.3. Beyond this value, some disparity is observed, particularly in the calculation of the thickness-dependent Rayleigh wavespeed.
Wound coverage with cultured autologous keratinocytes: use after burn wound excision, including biopsy followup. (1988)

Cultured autologous keratinocytes (CAK) have been used in eight patients as part of their definitive treatment for burn wound closure. The CAK grafts were placed on surgically excised wounds rather than mature granulation tissue. This technique guaranteed that permanent skin coverage derived from cultured cells, and not residual epidermal cells from surviving dermis. Graft take was variable, ranging from zero in the case of one of the children to 85%. Long-term assessment noted adequate permanent coverage, confirmed by biopsy. Electron micrographs demonstrated no well formed anchoring fibrils, which may account for the graft fragility which has been reported as much as 1 year postgraft. Advantages of using CAK are that an acceptable permanent wound closure can be achieved without depending on donor site availability. An almost unlimited quantity of skin is available because the original biopsy can be expanded manyfold in the laboratory.
Electronically and rapidly tunable fiber-integrable optical parametric oscillator for nonlinear microscopy (2016)

We present a fiber-based optical parametric oscillator (FOPO) pumped by a fiber-coupled laser diode. The FOPO consisted of a photonic crystal fiber to convert the pump pulses via four-wave mixing and a dispersive resonator formed by a single-mode fiber. Via dispersion filtering, output pulses with a bandwidth of about 3 nm, a temporal duration of about 8 ps and a pulse energy of up to 22 nJ could be generated. By changing the repetition frequency of the pump laser diode by about ±1 kHz, the wavelength of the output pulses could be tuned between 1130 and 1310 nm within 8 μs, without the need to change the length of the resonator. Therewith, the FOPO should especially be suited for hyperspectral imaging, while its all-electronic control constitutes a promising approach to a turnkey and alignment-free light source.
Drosophila melanogaster as a Model Host for the Burkholderia cepacia Complex (2010)

We conclude that Drosophila is a useful alternative infection model for Bcc and that fly pricking assays and competition indices are two complementary methods for virulence testing. Moreover, CI results indicate that this method is more sensitive than mortality tests.
An application of yield management for Internet Service Providers (2001)

Abstract In this paper we study strategies for better utilizing the network capacity of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) when they are faced with stochastic and dynamic arrivals and departures of customers attempting to log‐on or log‐off, respectively. We propose a method in which, depending on the number of modems available, and the arrival and departure rates of different classes of customers, a decision is made whether to accept or reject a log‐on request. The problem is formulated as a continuous time Markov Decision Process for which optimal policies can be readily derived using techniques such as value iteration. This decision maximizes the discounted value to ISPs while improving service levels for higher class customers. The methodology is similar to yield management techniques successfully used in airlines, hotels, etc. However, there are sufficient differences, such as no predefined time horizon or reservations, that make this model interesting to pursue and challenging. This work was completed in collaboration with one of the largest ISPs in Connecticut. The problem is topical, and approaches such as those proposed here are sought by users. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Naval Research Logistics 48:348–362, 2001
Lessons from Cancer Immunoediting in Cutaneous Melanoma (2012)

We will revisit the dual role of the immune system in controlling and enabling tumor progression, known as cancer immunoediting. We will go through the different phases of this phenomenon, exposing the most relevant evidences obtained from experimental models and human clinical data, with special focus on Cutaneous Melanoma, an immunogenic tumor per excellence. We will describe the different immunotherapeutic strategies employed and consider current models accounting for tumor heterogeneity. And finally, we will propose a rational discussion of the progress made and the future challenges in the therapeutics of Cutaneous Melanoma, taking into consideration that tumor evolution is the resulting from a continuous feedback between tumor cells and their environment, and that different combinatorial therapeutic approaches can be implemented according to the tumor stage.
Stereoselective Syntheses of Taiwanin A and Its Isomers Using a Cross-Coupling Reaction (1995)

Taiwanin A and its isomers 7 were synthesized by means of the cross-coupling reaction of the vinylstannanes 4 and the vinyl bromides 5, which were obtained from the propiolic acid esters 3 by stereoselective hydrostannation, as a key step.
A CMOS Wideband Highly Linear Low-Noise Amplifier for Digital TV Applications (2013)

<?Pub Dtl=""?> This paper presents a highly linear wideband differential low-noise amplifier (LNA) for digital TV applications. The proposed LNA is a modified version of the wideband LNA reported by Bruccoleri <etal xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> in 2004. In order to increase the linearity of Bruccoleri <etal xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> 's LNA, the Volterra series is adopted to identify the nonlinear components and the noise-cancelling circuit is modified to eliminate the whole nonlinear components. Implemented in 0.13- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox {m}}$</tex> </formula> CMOS technology, the proposed wideband LNA has a gain of 12.4 dB and a noise figure of 1.6 dB, as determined from measurements, while drawing 18.45 mA from a 1.2-V supply. The proposed LNA has an <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm IIP}_{3}$</tex></formula> of 16.6 dBm with 6-MHz frequency offset at 100 MHz, far exceeding the values of existing wideband LNAs.
An associative array architecture intended for semantic network processing (1984)

This paper describes the organization and operation of a semantic network array processor (SNAP). The architecture consists of an array of identical cells each containing a content addressable memory, microprogram control and communication unit. Each cell is dedicated to one node of the semantic network and its associated relations. The array can perform global associative functions under the supervision of an outside controller. In addition, each cell is equipped with the necessary logic to perform individual functions. A set of primitive instructions were carefully chosen. Some of the applications discussed in this paper include pattern search operations, production systems and inferences. A LISP simulator was developed for this architecture, and some simulation results are presented in this paper.
<i>KIR</i>and<i>HLA</i>Genotypes Are Associated with Disease Progression and Survival following Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for High-Risk Neuroblastoma (2009)

KIR-HLA immunogenetics represents a novel prognostic marker for patients undergoing autologous HSCT for high-risk neuroblastoma.
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase catalyzes the reaction of DNA phosphorylation (2000)

The reaction of phosphorylation and phosphonylation of an oligodeoxynucleotide 3'-terminal hydroxyl (oligodeoxynucleotidyl kinase activity) catalyzed by calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) was found. Triphosphates modified at Palpha-, Palpha,gamma- or Palpha,beta,gamma-residues served as low-molecular weight substrates. The reaction was TDT specific; human DNA polymerasesalphaandbeta, as well as AMV reverse transcriptase did not catalyze it. The donor activity of modified triphosphates or triphosphonates depended on their structure and was increased with an increase in their hydrophobicity. The substrate activity of some modified triphosphates was up to one order of magnitude higher than that of ddTTP.
Technologies for reducing emissions in coal-fired power plants (1998)

Emissions from fossil fuel combustion, especially coal combustion, are major contributors to air pollution. Concentrations of suspended particles and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the air of many cities in developing countries exceed World Health Organization standards. The effects of this pollution on human health can be devastating and in the most seriously affected countries the economic costs are estimated to be a significant percentage of GDP. In China, for instance, these costs were estimated at nearly 8 percent of GDP in 1995. Because of the health and economic costs, reducing air pollution from fossil fuels has become a major issue in many countries. Technical solutions include; switching from coal or fuel oil to natural gas in power generation, increased use of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency measures, coal washing, vehicle standards and transport fuel reformulation. In addition, programs that implement clean coal technology in power generation, can significantly and quickly reduce air pollution.
Rethinking the starch digestion hypothesis for <i>AMY1</i> copy number variation in humans (2017)

Alpha-amylase exists across taxonomic kingdoms with a deep evolutionary history of gene duplications that resulted in several α-amylase paralogs. Copy number variation (CNV) in the salivary α-amylase gene (AMY1) exists in many taxa, but among primates, humans appear to have higher average AMY1 copies than nonhuman primates. Additionally, AMY1 CNV in humans has been associated with starch content of diets, and one known function of α-amylase is its involvement in starch digestion. Thus high AMY1 CNV is considered to result from selection favoring more efficient starch digestion in the Homo lineage. Here, we present several lines of evidence that challenge the hypothesis that increased AMY1 CNV is an adaptation to starch consumption. We observe that α- amylase plays a very limited role in starch digestion, with additional steps required for starch digestion and glucose metabolism. Specifically, we note that α-amylase hydrolysis only produces a minute amount of free glucose with further enzymatic digestion and glucose absorption being rate-limiting steps for glucose availability. Indeed α-amylase is nonessential for starch digestion since sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase can hydrolyze whole starch granules while releasing glucose. While higher AMY1 CN and CNV among human populations may result from natural selection, existing evidence does not support starch digestion as the major selective force. We report that in humans α-amylase is expressed in several other tissues where it may have potential roles of evolutionary significance.
Live‐Cell Imaging of Cyclopropene Tags with Fluorogenic Tetrazine Cycloadditions (2012)

Spotlight on lipids: One of the major limitations of tetrazine bioorthogonal cycloadditions is the requirement of bulky dienophile reaction partners. Methylcyclopropene tags were designed capable of reacting rapidly with tetrazines while maintaining stability in aqueous solution. The suitability of these probes for bioconjugation is shown by imaging cyclopropene-modified phospholipids in live human cancer cells (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Rhomboid protease AarA mediates quorum-sensing in <i>Providencia stuartii</i> by activating TatA of the twin-arginine translocase (2007)

The Providencia stuartii AarA protein is a member of the rhomboid family of intramembrane serine proteases and is required for the production of an unknown quorum-sensing molecule. In a screen to identify rhomboid-encoding genes from Proteus mirabilis, tatA was identified as a multicopy suppressor and restored extracellular signal production as well as complementing all other phenotypes of a Prov. stuartii aarA mutant. TatA is a component of the twin-arginine translocase (Tat) protein secretion pathway and likely forms a secretion pore. By contrast, the native tatA gene of Prov. stuartii in multicopy did not suppress an aarA mutation. We find that TatA in Prov. stuartii has a short N-terminal extension that was atypical of TatA proteins from most other bacteria. This extension was proteolytically removed by AarA both in vivo and in vitro. A Prov. stuartii TatA protein missing the first 7 aa restored the ability to rescue the aarA-dependent phenotypes. To verify that loss of the Tat system was responsible for the various phenotypes exhibited by an aarA mutant, a tatC-null allele was constructed. The tatC mutant exhibited the same phenotypes as an aarA mutant and was epistatic to aarA. These data provide a molecular explanation for the requirement of AarA in quorum-sensing and uncover a function for the Tat protein export system in the production of secreted signaling molecules. Finally, TatA represents a validated natural substrate for a prokaryotic rhomboid protease.
Optical Field Effect in Silicon (1965)

Structure in the reflectance is related to interband transitions at critical points and therefore provides a major source of information in the analysis of the band structure. This paper describes a derivative technique which enhances this structure considerably. The density of states at the critical points is modulated through an ac electric field at the reflecting surface and the resulting change in the reflectance is amplified phase-sensitively. At a photon energy of 3.4 eV, three peaks are resolved in silicon within only 0.1 eV. Their dependence upon temperature and orientation of the reflecting surface suggests an assignment to a transition at the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ point for the peak at 3.34 eV and at the $L$ point for the peak at 3.45 eV, with an excitonic peak in between. Structure in the reflectance response at 4.20 eV is correlated to the ${X}_{4}\ensuremath{-}{X}_{1}$ transition. Since the effect is caused by a modulation of the surface potential, it is possible to draw conclusions about the parameters of the surface from the response of the reflectance change to temperature, dc bias, and modulation frequency. An optical technique is outlined which will complement the electrical field-effect technique.
Second-Order Decision Analysis (2001)

The purpose of this work is to provide theoretical foundations of, as well as some computational aspects on, a theory for analysing decisions under risk, when the available information is vague and imprecise. Many approaches to model unprecise information, e.g., by using interval methods, have prevailed. However, such representation models are unnecessarily restrictive since they do not admit discrimination between beliefs in different values, i.e., the epistemologically possible values have equal weights. In many situations, for instance, when the underlying information results from learning techniques based on variance analyses of statistical data, the expressibility must be extended for a more perceptive treatment of the decision situation. Our contribution herein is an approach for enabling a refinement of the representation model, allowing for an elaborated discrimination of possible values by using belief distributions with weak restrictions. We show how to derive admissible classes of local distributions from sets of global distributions and introduce measures expressing into which extent explicit local distributions can be used for modelling decision situations. As will turn out, this results in a theory that has very attractive features from a computational viewpoint.
<title>Integrated optical gyroscopes offering low cost, small size and vibration immunity</title> (2000)

IntelliSense has developed an integrated optic gyro technology that provides the sensitivity of fiber optic gyros while utilizing batch microfabrication techniques to achieve the low cost of mechanical MEMS gyros. The base technology consists of an optical resonating waveguide chip, sensor electronics and an optical bench. The sensing element is based on an integrated optic waveguide chip in which counter-propagating optical fields are used to sense rotation in the plane of the waveguide through the Sagnac effect. It is powered by a semiconductor laser light source, which is coupled into a waveguide and split into two waveguide arms. Both signals are probed through the out coupled light at each waveguide arm, and rate information is derived from the difference in phase between these two signals. Measuring angular rotation is important for proper operation of a variety of systems such as: missile guidance systems, satellites, energy exploration, camera stabilization, robotics positioning, platform stabilization and space craft guidance to mention a few. This technology overcomes the limitations that previous commercially available gyros for this purpose have had including limitations in size, sensitivity, durability, and premium price.
Multiple resolution surface wave tomography: the Mediterranean basin (2004)

From a large set of fundamental-mode surface wave phase velocity observations, we map the transversely isotropic lateral heterogeneities in the upper-mantle shear velocity structure. We design a multiple resolution inversion procedure, which allows us to parametrize any selected region more finely than the rest of the globe. We choose, as a high-resolution region, the upper mantle underlying the Mediterranean basin. We formulate the inverse problem as in a previous paper by Boschi & Ekstrom, calculating regional JWKB (Jeffreys-Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) surface wave sensitivity kernels for each pixel of a 2degrees x 2degrees starting model, including the high-resolution global crustal map Crust 2.0. We find that the available surface wave data can resolve the most important geophysical features of the region of interest, providing a reliable image of intermediate spatial wavelength. RI Ekstrom, Goran/C-9771-2012
Pilots' Monitoring Strategies and Performance on Automated Flight Decks: An Empirical Study Combining Behavioral and Eye-Tracking Data (2007)

The findings from this research can inform the design of improved training programs and automation interfaces that support more effective system monitoring.