gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and use of defatted peanut flours, meals and grits (1972)

Caption title. April 1972. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55). Also available in microfilm under: State agricultural papers.
Heterocyclic polyfluoro-compounds. Part XIV. Catalytic hydrogenation of perfluoro-(3,6-dihydro-2-methyl-2H-1,2-oxazine) and of perfluorocyclopentene (1968)

Vapour-phase hydrogenation of perfluoro-(3,6-dihydro-2-methyl-2H-1,2-oxazine) in the presence of 1% palladium–alumina gave 4H,5H/-hexafluorotetrahydro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,2-oxazine and small amounts of 4H,4H,5H- and 4H,5H,5H-pentafluorotetrahydro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,2-oxazine. Dehydrofluorination of the 4H,5H-compound with aqueous potassium hydroxide gave an equimolar mixture of 4H- and 5H-pentafluoro-3,6-dihydro-2-trifluoromethyl-2H-1,2-oxazine. Hydrogenation of perfluorocyclopentene in the presence of 1% palladium–alumina gave 1H,2H/-octafluorocyclopentane and 1H,1H,2H-heptafluorocyclopentane. The 19F and 1H n.m.r. spectra of these hydrofluoro-compounds are discussed.
Development of Resistance to 5-Fluorocytosine in Candida parapsilosis during Therapy (1974)

After an initially favorable response, infective endocarditis caused by Candida parapsilosis recurred on day 37 of treatment with 5-fluorocytosine. Development of resistance of the organism to 5-fluorocytosine during therapy was documented by in vitro tests (MIC, 6.5 µg/ml initially, > 129 µg/ml after relapse). Although strains isolated before treatment and after relapse were able to incorporate exogenous uracil into RNA and were susceptible to 5-fluorouracil, the isolate found after relapse differed from the one isolated before treatment in being unable to incorporate exogenous cytosine and resistant to 5-fluorocytosine. The enzymatic basis of this resistance was identified as a virtual lack of cytosine deaminase activity in the strain isolated after relapse.
Time-frequency analysis of electroencephalogram series. III. Wavelet packets and information cost function (1998)

Signals obtained during tonic-clonic epileptic seizures are usually neglected for analysis by the physicians due to the presence of noise caused by muscle contractions. Although noise obscures completely the recording, some information about the underlying brain activity can be obtained with wavelet transform by filtering those frequencies associated with muscle activity. One great advantage of this method over traditional filtering is that the filtered frequencies do not modify the pattern of the remanent ones. An accurate analysis of the different seizure stages was achieved using the wavelet packet method, and through the information cost function the brain dynamical behavior can be accessed.
Asymmetrical multi-phase voltage methods of autotransformer-based boost rectifier systems with three-phase sinusoidal line currents (2008)

Novel multiple boost rectifier systems coupled with an autotransformer having a capacity rating of 20% are presented. The autotransformer in the triple rectifier system synthesizes two three-phase voltage systems with a phase shift angle of 20° and an amplitude of 1.064 times with respect to the line voltages. These asymmetrical voltage systems make the transformer winding structure simpler. The boost choppers control the dc currents along with the dc output voltage so that the output dc power of each rectifier becomes equal. The quasi-trapezoidal modulation of the dc currents generates sinusoidal resultant input line currents except for switching ripples. The modification of the proposed concept to a quintuple rectifier system and the comparison with a conventional PWM converter are also presented.
3D Road Environment Modeling Applied to Visibility Mapping: An Experimental Comparison (2012)

Sight distance along the pathway plays a significant role in road safety and in particular, has a clear impact on the choice of speed limits. Mapping visibility distance is thus of importance for road engineers and authorities. While visibility distance criteria are routinely taken into account in road design, few systems exist for evaluating them on existing road networks. Most available systems comprise a target vehicle followed at a constant distance by an observer vehicle. This only allows to check if a given, fixed visibility distance is available: estimating the maximum visibility distance requires several passages, with increasing inter-vehicle intervals. We propose two alternative approaches for estimating the maximum available visibility distance, that exploit 3D models of the road and its close environment. These methods involve only one acquisition vehicle and use either active vision, more specifically 3D range sensing (LIDAR), or passive vision, namely, stereovision. The first approach is based on a Terrestrial LIDAR Mobile Mapping System. The triangulated 3D model of the road and its surroundings provided by the system is used to simulate targets at different distances, which allows for estimation of the maximum geometric visibility distance along the pathway in a quite flexible way. The second approach involves the processing of two views taken by digital cameras on-board an inspection vehicle. After road segmentation, the 3D road model is reconstructed which allows maximum roadway visibility distance estimation. Both approaches are described, evaluated and compared. Their pros and cons with respect to vehicle-following systems are also discussed.
Chemistry of organosilicon compounds. 257. Novel anionic polymerization of masked disilenes to polysilylene high polymers and block copolymers (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of organosilicon compounds. 257. Novel anionic polymerization of masked disilenes to polysilylene high polymers and block copolymersKenkichi Sakamoto, Kuninori Obata, Hiroki Hirata, Masashi Nakajima, and Hideki SakuraiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 19, 7641–7643Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00201a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00201a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views587Altmetric-Citations156LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fetal echocardiographic screening in twins for congenital heart diseases (2007)

背景先天的心疾病(CHD ) 是在出生的最普通的先天的混乱。Yagel 和同事是检查在在单个怀孕出生前地发现 CHD 被证明珍贵的心的方法。这研究的目的是在成双的怀孕和 method.Methods 的敏感分析 CHD 的频率有双胞胎的 1103 个怀孕女人的一个总数在这研究被注册，包括 127 个盒子与为 CHD 高风险。五横向的超声大小被用于胎儿的心检查，包括上面的腹部看法，四房间的看法，五房间的看法，肺的动脉分叉看法，和三容器的看法。在胎儿并且谁的与 CHD 被诊断父母们请求了怀孕的结束，胎儿的心的尸体在流产以后被执行，并且一件血样品从为染色体评估的心是镇定的。在另外的胎儿，靠近的后续被 echocardiography 胎儿地在 birth.Results 以后在一年以内进行， CHD 在 12 双胞胎， 4 来自高风险的组(3.15%) 是被发现，并且 8 从低风险的组(0.82%) 。在 2 双胞胎，二个胎儿有 CHD 的一种一样的类型(一对有 Fallot (TOF ) 的四联剧，另一对有 rhabdomyoma ) 。另一对有异例的不同类型(一个胎儿与一颗正常的心有 TOF，和另外的十二指肠的闭锁) 。怀孕的结束在这三对被执行，胎儿的心的尸体证实了超声调查结果。在另外的 9 对， CHD 在其它在一个胎儿，和一颗正常的心被检测。在情况中收到了染色体评估， 2 个有的反常染色体。在在出生以后的后续期间，心考试在 9 中的 7 个证实了出生前的诊断。CHD 的诊断在 2 双胞胎胎儿地被错过。在两个盒子，一个胎儿是正常，和其它作为在出生(在一个的小室中隔缺点，和在其它的坚持的开的 ductus arteriosus ) 以后有 CHD 被证实。因此， CHD 的全部的频率是 16 (7.3/1000 ) ，它在单个怀孕类似于那。胎儿的 echocardiography 的敏感是 87.5% ，特性是 CHD 的频率是的 100%.Conclusions 在是的双胞胎的一样在单个怀孕。全身的超声与五个横向的看法扫描
Interplay between polymer chain conformation and nanoparticle assembly in model industrial silica/rubber nanocomposites (2015)

The question of the influence of nanoparticles (NPs) on chain dimensions in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) has been treated mainly through the fundamental way using theoretical or simulation tools and experiments on well-defined model PNCs. Here we present the first experimental study on the influence of NPs on the polymer chain conformation for PNCs designed to be as close as possible to industrial systems employed in the tire industry. PNCs are silica nanoparticles dispersed in a styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR) matrix whose NP dispersion can be managed by NP loading with interfacial coatings or coupling additives usually employed in the manufacturing mixing process. We associated specific chain (d) labeling, and the so-called zero average contrast (ZAC) method, with SANS, in situ SANS and SAXS/TEM experiments to extract the polymer chain scattering signal at rest for non-cross linked and under stretching for cross-linked PNCs. NP loading, individual clusters or connected networks, as well as the influence of the type, the quantity of interfacial agent and the influence of the elongation rate have been evaluated on the chain conformation and on its related deformation. We clearly distinguish the situations where the silica is perfectly matched from those with unperfected matching by direct comparison of SANS and SAXS structure factors. Whatever the silica matching situation, the additive type and quantity and the filler content, there is no significant change in the polymer dimension for NP loading up to 15% v/v within a range of 5%. One can see an extra scattering contribution at low Q, as often encountered, enhanced for non-perfect silica matching but also visible for perfect filler matching. This contribution can be qualitatively attributed to specific h or d chain adsorption on the NP surface inside the NP cluster that modifies the average scattering neutron contrast of the silica cluster. Under elongation, NPs act as additional cross-linking junctions preventing chain relaxation and giving a deformation of the chain with the NP closer to a theoretical phantom network prediction than a pure matrix.
Effects of Exercise on Dietary Protein Requirements (1998)

This paper reviews the factors (exercise intensity, carbohydrate availability, exercise type, energy balance, gender, exercise training, age, and timing of nutrient intake or subsequent exercise sessions) thought to influence protein need. Although there remains some debate, recent evidence suggests that dietary protein need increases with rigorous physical exercise. Those involved in strength training might need to consume as much as 1.6 to 1.7 g protein x kg(-1) x day(-1) (approximately twice the current RDA) while those undergoing endurance training might need about 1.2 to 1.6 g x kg(-1) x day(-1) (approximately 1.5 times the current RDA). Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these recommendations and asses whether these protein intakes can enhance exercise performance. Despite the frequently expressed concern about adverse effects of high protein intake, there is no evidence that protein intakes in the range suggested will have adverse effects in healthy individuals.
Production of cytokines around loosened cemented acetabular components. Analysis with immunohistochemical techniques and in situ hybridization. (1993)

The chronic inflammatory response to wear particles from orthopaedic joint implants is believed to cause osteolysis and to contribute to prosthetic loosening. Previous in vitro experiments have demonstrated that particulate debris from joint implants causes cells in culture to release products that have been implicated in this pathological bone resorption. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the in vivo features of this complex process in patients who had had a total hip replacement. Membraneous tissue was obtained from the cement-bone interface of ten polyethylene acetabular components that had been revised for aseptic loosening in ten patients. The immunoperoxidase technique, which involves the use of specific antibodies for each cell type, showed that macrophages were the predominant cellular constituents but also that fibroblasts, many of which were not identified on plain histological study, were present and were actively producing collagen. T lymphocytes were present variably, but they generally composed less than 10 percent of the cells. Particulate debris (polyethylene, methylmethacrylate, and metal) was present in all membrane specimens but was intracellular only in macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. 35S-labeled nucleic-acid probes, complementary to human interleukin-1-beta and to platelet-derived growth-factor-2 messenger RNA (mRNA), were hybridized with serial tissue sections. Hybridization demonstrated interleukin-1-beta mRNA predominantly in macrophages, and not in fibroblasts or in T lymphocytes to any major extent. In contrast, immunolocalization demonstrated interleukin-1-beta protein on both macrophages and fibroblasts, suggesting that macrophages release interleukin-1-beta, which then binds to both fibroblasts and macrophages. Platelet-derived growth-factor transcripts were found in both macrophages and fibroblasts.
Crowning Proteins: Modulating the Protein Surface Properties using Crown Ethers (2014)

Crown ethers are small, cyclic polyethers that have found wide-spread use in phase-transfer catalysis and, to a certain degree, in protein chemistry. Crown ethers readily bind metallic and organic cations, including positively charged amino acid side chains. We elucidated the crystal structures of several protein-crown ether co-crystals grown in the presence of 18-crown-6. We then employed biophysical methods and molecular dynamics simulations to compare these complexes with the corresponding apoproteins and with similar complexes with ring-shaped low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols. Our studies show that crown ethers can modify protein surface behavior dramatically by stabilizing either intra- or intermolecular interactions. Consequently, we propose that crown ethers can be used to modulate a wide variety of protein surface behaviors, such as oligomerization, domain-domain interactions, stabilization in organic solvents, and crystallization.
Protirelin (TRH): a potent neuromodulator with therapeutic potential (1984)

The isolation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, protirelin) in 1969<sup>1,2</sup>allowed an initial definition of specific biochemical mechanisms by which the brain regulates the release of pituitary hormones. The neuroendocrine role of TRH (initiating the pituitary release of thyrotropin) still remains as the best resolved physiologic function of this tripeptide molecule.<sup>3</sup> See also p 1149. The name "thyrotropin-releasing hormone," reflecting this hypophysiotropic action, is perhaps overly restrictive in light of further discoveries during the last 15 years. It has been demonstrated that TRH and its receptors are widely distributed within the CNS and in peripheral organs, and that the numerous pharmacologic effects of this substance include potent actions on autonomic, somatic, and behavioral systems.<sup>3-5</sup>These properties of TRH are independent of its pituitary-thyroid involvement and seem to indicate that TRH has more universal functions as a neuromodulator. The pharmacologic use of TRH may therefore prove to have great
Synthesis of L-(+)-Ergothioneine (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of L-(+)-ErgothioneineJinzhu Xu and Jean Claude YadanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 20, 6296–6301Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00125a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00125a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2014Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface shading in tomographic volume visualization: a comparative study (2002)

The quality of different shading algorithms for use in tomographic volume visualization (z-buffer gradient, gray-level gradient, adaptive gray-level gradient, marching cubes, marching cubes segmentation with Phong interpolation, transparent gray-level gradient), using simulated and clinical data, is investigated. Error images are used to visualize deviations of the calculated surface normal vectors from the ideal values. For the assessment of transparent rendering, reflection maps are used. The best results are obtained with adaptive gray-level gradient shading and marching cubes segmentation with Phong interpolation. The first method is based on the voxel model and thus is especially suitable for interactive data exploration. The second creates a polygon structure, which may be manipulated with methods developed in computer graphics. Transparent gray-level gradient shading should only be used if no binary segmentation can be done.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dual-Targeting Pro-apoptotic Peptide for Programmed Cancer Cell Death via Specific Mitochondria Damage (2013)

Mitochondria are vital organelles to eukaryotic cells. Damage to mitochondria will cause irreversible cell death or apoptosis. In this report, we aim at programmed cancer cell death via specific mitochondrial damage. Herein, a functionalized pro-apoptotic peptide demonstrates a dual-targeting capability using folic acid (FA) (targeting agent I) and triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation (targeting agent II). FA is a cancer-targeting agent, which can increase the cellular uptake of the pro-apoptotic peptide via receptor-mediated endocytosis. And the TPP cation is the mitochondrial targeting agent, which specifically delivers the pro-apoptotic peptide to its particular subcellular mitochondria after internalized by cancer cells. Then the pro-apoptotic peptide accumulates in mitochondria and causes its serious damage. This dual-targeting strategy has the potential to effectively transport the pro-apoptotic peptide to targeted cancer cell mitochondria, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and triggering the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis to efficiently eliminate cancer cells.
Betulinic acid augments the inhibitory effects of vincristine on growth and lung metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells in mice (2004)

We examined the antitumour effect of a combination of betulinic acid (BA) and vincristine (VCR) on murine melanoma B16F10 cells in vitro and in vivo. Betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene, showed a synergistic cytotoxic effect on melanoma cells by combinational use of VCR. Betulinic acid and VCR induced cell cycle arrest at different points (BA at G1 phase and VCR at G2/M phase) and caused apoptosis in B16F10 melanoma cells. In the in vivo study, VCR inhibited metastasis of tumour cells to the lung. The addition of BA to VCR augmented suppression of the experimental lung metastasis of melanoma cells in C57BL/6 mice. The number of lung nodules of more than 1 mm in diameter in mice treated with BA and VCR was less than that in mice treated with VCR alone. These results suggest that BA is an effective supplement for enhancing the chemotherapeutic effect on malignant melanoma.
The periodicity of microfilariae (1951)

A study of the periodicity of microfilarise has been made in monkeys naturally infected by a worm which probably belongs to the genus Dirofilaria. The microfilariae have a nocturnal periodicity similar to that of Wuchereria bancrofti. Subsidiary studies have been made on other similar filarial infections of monkeys and on Dirofilaria repens of dogs. By means of an empirical technique, the number of microfilariae counted in a histological section can be used to calculate the total number of microfilariae present in an organ or tissue. Complete postmortem examinations have been made on five monkeys and four dogs, half of them killed at midday and half at midnight, respectively. Shortly before and after death (if it occurs in the day) great numbers of microfilariae are liberated from the lungs, so that the blood of the left ventricle contains many more than were present in the circulating blood before the animal was killed. This agonal event accounts for Manson's erroneous suggestion that the microfilariae retired during the day to the heart and great vessels (as well as to the lungs). At postmortem examination, the organs of the body (apart from the lungs) contain only small numbers of microfilariae either by day or night. Over 80 per cent. of the total number of microfilariae in the body are usually contained in the lungs and in the blood. There are proportionately more microfilariae in the lungs of animals killed by day than in those killed by night, and conversely for the microfilariae in the blood. Pairs of specimens were taken for biopsy by day and by night respectively from most of the organs of the body. The microfilariae present in the liver, spleen, marrow, lymph glands, skin and muscle were relatively few, and often there were more present by night than by day. The lungs contained very many microfilariae at all times. In seven out of eight experiments there were more microfilariae in the lungs by day than there were by night and the accumulation of microfilariae in the lungs during the day was amply large enough to account for the microfilariae which had disappeared from the blood during this period. No evidence was obtained that the accumulation of microfilariae in the lung causes significant pathological lesions. Direct observations were made on the behaviour of living, microfilariae in the intact circulation of infected cotton-rats and dogs. The microfilariae seemed to pass through the capillaries rapidly and smoothly; and accumulation in the small vessels was not observed except as a terminal event before death of the host.
Thermotropic liquid crystals from biomacromolecules (2014)

Complexation of biomacromolecules (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins, or viruses) with surfactants containing flexible alkyl tails, followed by dehydration, is shown to be a simple generic method for the production of thermotropic liquid crystals. The anhydrous smectic phases that result exhibit biomacromolecular sublayers intercalated between aliphatic hydrocarbon sublayers at or near room temperature. Both this and low transition temperatures to other phases enable the study and application of thermotropic liquid crystal phase behavior without thermal degradation of the biomolecular components.