gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TEST OF SC UNDULATOR FOR ILC (2006)

We represent details of design and results of test SC 40cm long undulators having period 10 and 12 mm and aperture ~8 mm allowing K=1. These undulators can be used in ILC positron conversion system.
Photochromic reverse mode polymer dispersed liquid crystals (2005)

Control of light intensity and colour are two of the major features required in the realization of smart windows. We designed a bi‐functional polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film in order to satisfy such requirements, i.e. it is able both to modulate the optical transmission, if an external electric field is applied, and to change colour if exposed to sunlight. A monomer/liquid crystal mixture was doped with a small amount of photochromic material and homeotropically aligned by means of rough surfaces. A transparent and pale pink coloured film was achieved after photopolymerization. Such a film changes colour upon exposure for some seconds to sunlight or ultraviolet radiation in a persistent but reversible manner. In addition, the film appears transparent without the application of an electric field (OFF state) and becomes opaque on application of a driving voltage of about 75 V (ON state), and thus the film operates in reverse mode with respect to conventional PDLCs.
A Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Sensor Based on Maltose Binding Protein (2003)

A fluorescence resonance energy-transfer (FRET) sensing system for maltose based on E. coli maltose binding protein (MBP) is demonstrated. The FRET donor portion of the sensing system consists of MBP modified with long wavelength-excitable cyanine dyes (Cy3 or Cy3.5). The novel acceptor portion of the sensor consists of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) modified with either the cyanine dye Cy5 or the dark quencher QSY9. Binding of the modified beta-CD to dye-conjugated MBP results in assembly of the FRET complex. Added maltose displaces the beta-CD-dye adduct and disrupts the FRET complex, resulting in a direct change in fluorescence of the donor moiety. In the use of these FRET pairs, MBP dissociation values for maltose were estimated (0.14-2.90 microM). Maltose limits of detection were in the 50-100 nm range.
Layer Thinning and Etching of Mechanically Exfoliated MoS<sub>2</sub> Nanosheets by Thermal Annealing in Air (2013)

A simple thermal annealing method for layer thinning and etching of mechanically exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets in air is reported. Using this method, single-layer (1L) MoS2 nanosheets are achieved after the thinning of MoS2 nanosheets from double-layer (2L) to quadri-layer (4L) at 330 °C. The as-prepared 1L MoS2 nanosheet shows comparable optical and electrical properties with the mechanically exfoliated, pristine one. In addition, for the first time, the MoS2 mesh with high-density of triangular pits is also fabricated at 330 °C, which might arise from the anisotropic etching of the active MoS2 edge sites. As a result of thermal annealing in air, the thinning of MoS2 nanosheet is possible due to its oxidation to form MoO3 . Importantly, the MoO3 fragments on the top of thinned MoS2 layer induces the hole injection, resulting in the p-type channel in fabricated field-effect transistors.
Some effects of spatial filters on signal (1974)

Abstract Synthetic CDP records with source and receiver arrays are generated from three 'earth models' to make a first order examination of (1) some factors which determine the degree of reflection waveform similarity as a function of source-receiver distance, and (2) degrading effects upon signal stacking and analyses which result from changes in waveform. The factors include the mutual reflection interference due to irreversible normal moveout convergence and the phase distortion and amplitude attenuation resulting from action of the spatial filter on the signal.The arrays examined have lengths of 0-1500 ft (in 250 ft increments) at distances from 0-9200 ft and from 1 to 32 array elements. Raypath tracing employing Snell's law was used to create the synthetics.The records so generated are used to depict: (1) Reflection convergence and crossover; (2) signal distortion and attenuation as a function of array type, array length, and source-detector separation distance; (3) signal distortion from dynamic correction; (4) degradation of velocity analysis as a function of array length; and (5) degradation of deconvolution as a function of source-detector separation and array length.The results show the general degree to which wide angle recording using spatial filters precludes maintenance of constant waveform and the way in which processing results become increasingly disturbed with increasing recording distances and array lengths.
Packing geometry of human cone photoreceptors: Variation with eccentricity and evidence for local anisotropy (1992)

Disorder in the packing geometry of the human cone mosaic is believed to help alleviate spatial aliasing effects. To characterize cone packing geometry, we gathered positions of cone inner segments at seven locations along four primary and two oblique meridians in an adult human retina. We generated statistical descriptors based on the distribution of distances and angles to Voronoi neighbors. Parameters of a compressed-jittered model were fit to the actual mosaic. Local anisotropies were investigated using correlograms. We find that (1) median distance between Voronoi neighbors increases with eccentricity, but the minimum distance is constant (6-8 microns) across peripheral retina; (2) the cone mosaic is least compressed and jittered at the edge of the foveal rod-free zone; (3) disorder in the foveal center resembles that described by Pum et al. (1990); (4) cone spacing is 10-15% less in one direction than in the orthogonal direction; and (5) cone spacing is greater in the radial direction (along meridians) than in the tangential direction (along lines of isoeccentricity). The nearly constant minimum distance implies that high spatial frequencies may be sampled even in peripheral retina. Local anisotropy of the cone mosaic is discussed in relation to the growth of the primate retina during development and to the orientation biases of retinal ganglion cells.
Trans-Proteomic Pipeline: A Pipeline for Proteomic Analysis (2009)

Mass spectrometry has quickly become an essential tool in molecular biology laboratories. Here, we describe the Trans-Proteomic Pipeline, a collection of software tools, to facilitate the analysis, exchange, and comparison of MS data. The pipeline is instrument-independent and supports most commonly used proteomics workflows, including quantitative applications such as ICAT, iTRAQ, and SILAC. Importantly, the pipeline uses open, standard data formats and calculates accurate estimates of sensitivity and error rates, thus allowing for meaningful data exchange. In this chapter, we will introduce the various components of the pipeline in the context of three typical proteomic use-case scenarios.
A Novel Oxytocin-Like and Vasotocin-Like Peptide in Human Plasma after Administration of Estrogen* (1985)

Using three antisera to oxytocin (OT Pitt Ab-1, OT Pitt Ab-2, and TOR OT Ab), we found comparable levels of OT in response to infant suckling and during infusion of synthetic OT, and identical standard curves with biological and synthetic standards of OT. Pitt Ab-1, but not Pitt Ab-2 or TOR OT Ab, measured increased OT in response to estrogen. Using an arginine vasotocin RIA (TOR AVT Ab), we found an increase in AVT immunoreactivity after estrogen treatment. Mean basal OT levels measured with OT Pitt Ab-2 in plasma of men [0.75 +/- 0.06 (+/- SEM) microU/ml] and women (0.8 +/- 0.09 microU/ml) were lower than OT measured with Pitt Ab-1 (1.7 +/- 0.09 microU/ml in men and 1.7 +/- 0.07 microU/al in women; P less than 0.001). Mean OT measured with Pitt Ab-2 in the plasma of women given estrogen chronically (0.8 +/- 0.04 microU/ml) and acutely (0.6 +/- 0.15 microU/ml) were not significantly different from basal levels. OT levels measured with Pitt Ab-1 in the same samples were 4.6 +/- 0.5 and 4.3 +/- 0.5 microU/ml, respectively, both significantly increased from basal levels (P less than 0.001) and significantly higher than OT measured with Pitt Ab-2 (P less than 0.001). Mean OT measured with Pitt Ab-1 in the plasma of pregnant women was 8.6 +/- 1.02 microU/ml, significantly higher than OT measured with Pitt Ab-2 (1.0 +/- 0.3 microU/ml; P less than 0.001). Men given 25 mg diethylstilbestrol had significant increases in OT measured with Pitt Ab-1 and in AVT measured with TOR AVT (P less than 0.01), but not in OT measured with Pitt Ab-2. Plasma from a man given diethylstilbestrol was prepared for high performance liquid chromatography and applied to a C18 muBondapak reverse phase column. The plasma contained two peaks of immunoreactivity detected as OT with Pitt Ab-1 and as AVT using TOR AVT Ab. The material was not detected by Pitt Ab-2 or TOR OT Ab and did not coelute with standards of OT, AVT, or AVP. Pregnancy plasma, thioglycolic acid, chymotrypsin, and trypsin reduced Pitt Ab-1, Pitt Ab-2, and TOR OT immunoreactivity of synthetic OT. The percent recovery of OT immunoreactivity was not significantly different with Pitt Ab-1 vs. Pitt Ab-2. A novel peptide, which is increased in response to administered estrogen, is present in human plasma and is detected by some antisera to OT and AVT. The observation explains the wide variability in OT levels in the estrogen-primed state and provides a new mechanism to study estrogen-related physiology and pathophysiology.
DECIDING ON A DIELECTRIC (2001)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTDECIDING ON A DIELECTRICChemical companies are off ering chip makers a myriad of insulator optionsMICHAEL MCCOYView Author Information C&EN NORTHEAST NEWS BUREAUCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2001, 79, 47, 43–46Publication Date (Print):November 19, 2001Publication History Published online16 November 2010Published inissue 19 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v079n047.p043https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n047.p043newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Insulators Get e-Alerts
The Impact of Competing Ads on Click Performance in Sponsored Search (2016)

Our research examines the impact of competing ads on click performance of an ad in Sponsored Search. We use a unique dataset of 1267 advertiser keyword pairs with differing ad quality related to 360 keywords from a search engine to evaluate the click performance. We find that competing high quality ads, appearing above the focal ad, have a lower negative effect on the click performance as compared to competing low quality ads. We also find that this effect of competing ads varies with the ad position and the type of keyword. In general, the negative effect of competing high quality ads decreases at low positions as compared to high positions. Further this decrease in the negative effect of competing high quality ads is more substantial for specific keywords. Our results reveal consumer behavior in evaluating different quality ads in sponsored search. More specifically, our results suggest that consumers use the presence of high quality competing ads as a signal of higher quality of the focal ad. Our findings can help advertisers better evaluate their relative performance for different positions for different types of keywords. This can also help evaluate the efficacy of the auction design.
<title>Guest-host optical limiters with high-laser-damage threshold</title> (1997)

Conventional guest-host optical limiting materials utilize either a liquid solvent or solid as the matrix for nonlinear absorbing chromophore dopants. Concentration gradients of the chromophore in the matrix can improve optical limiting performance. However, low viscosity liquid solutions can not retain a concentration gradient while polymer solid matrices damage at low laser fluences. We report on a novel approach of using an elastic polymer and viscoelastic gels for guest- host optimal limiting matrices. We achieve high bulk laser damage thresholds in the hosts and maintain a concentration gradient of the chromophore. By softening the epoxy we significantly enhance its bulk laser damage threshold. We characterize this effect by measuring the damage threshold as a function of viscoelastic properties. In addition, optical limiting was demonstrated in all the hosts doped with nonlinear phthalocyanine chromophores.
From Tellurophenes to Siloles. Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Properties of 3,4-Unsubstituted 2,5-Diarylsiloles (1998)

A series of 3,4-unsubstituted 2,5-diarylsiloles have been prepared from the corresponding tellurophenes via the tellurium−lithium exchange reaction. Their crystal structures, UV−vis absorption spectra, and fluorescence spectra have been determined and compared with those of the 3,4-diphenyl and 3,4-dialkyl analogues.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of canine Clostridium perfringens strains from Switzerland (2012)

Fifty Clostridium perfringens strains were isolated from individual dogs with acute diarrhoea that were not given antibiotics. Toxin types and minimal inhibitory concentrations of 15 antibiotics were determined for each of them. All strains harboured the alpha-toxin gene, 12 of them had both the alpha- and entero-toxin gene and 5 had both the alpha- and beta2-toxin gene. Eighteen percent of the isolates showed resistance to tetracycline and 54 % showed decreased susceptibility to metronidazole which is one of the most frequently used antibiotics in the treatment of canine diarrhoea. Apart from that, all isolates were susceptible to the remaining antibiotics tested. These findings lead to the conclusion that despite a general susceptibility to antibiotics in C. perfringens, resistance is developing in isolates from dogs. Therefore, careful identification of the pathogenic agent and antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed prior to therapy in order to minimise further selection of antibiotic resistance.
Video Saliency Incorporating Spatiotemporal Cues and Uncertainty Weighting (2014)

We propose a novel algorithm to detect visual saliency from video signals by combining both spatial and temporal information and statistical uncertainty measures. The main novelty of the proposed method is twofold. First, separate spatial and temporal saliency maps are generated, where the computation of temporal saliency incorporates a recent psychological study of human visual speed perception. Second, the spatial and temporal saliency maps are merged into one using a spatiotemporally adaptive entropy-based uncertainty weighting approach. The spatial uncertainty weighing incorporates the characteristics of proximity and continuity of spatial saliency, while the temporal uncertainty weighting takes into account the variations of background motion and local contrast. Experimental results show that the proposed spatiotemporal uncertainty weighting algorithm significantly outperforms state-of-the-art video saliency detection models.
Control of stomatal aperture (2011)

Stomata, functionally specialized small pores on the surfaces of leaves, regulate the flow of gases in and out of plants. The pore is opened by an increase in osmotic pressure in the guard cells, resulting in the uptake of water. The subsequent increase in cell volume inflates the guard cell and culminates with the opening of the pore. Although guard cells can be regarded as one of the most thoroughly investigated cell types, our knowledge of the signaling pathways which regulate guard cell function remains fragmented. Recent research in guard cells has led to several new hypotheses, however, it is still a matter of debate as to whether guard cells function autonomously or are subject to regulation by their neighboring mesophyll cells.This review synthesizes what is known about the mechanisms and genes critical for modulating stomatal movement. Recent progress on the regulation of guard cell function is reviewed here including the involvement of environmental signals such as light, the concentration of atmospheric CO2 and endogenous plant hormones. In addition we re-evaluate the important role of organic acids such as malate and fumarate play in guard cell metabolism in this process.
Zinc-dependent conformational changes in domain D5 of high molecular mass kininogen modulate contact activation (2001)

Human high molecular mass kininogen (HK) participates as nonenzymatic cofactor in the contact system. Here, we show that recombinant domain D5 of HK (rD5) prolongs the clotting time of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and attenuates the generation of bradykinin. Further studies indicate that a correct fold of domain D5 within HK is required for the activation of the contact system. The folding of rD5 seems to be modulated by the metal ions Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ as a specific antibody directed against the zinc-binding site in HK binds to HK and rD5 in a metal ion concentration dependent manner. The finding that these three metal ions specifically affect contact activation suggests that they regulate the accessibility of rD5 for negatively charged surfaces. Support for the assumption that the observed phenomena are due to conformational changes was obtained by fluorescence spectroscopy of rD5, demonstrating that its fluorescence spectrum was changed in the presence of ZnCl2. Moreover, negative staining electron microscopy experiments suggest that the zinc-induced changes in D5 also affect the conformation of the entire HK protein. The present data emphasize the role of zinc and other metal ions in the regulation of contact activation.
<i>TMEM196</i>acts as a novel functional tumour suppressor inactivated by DNA methylation and is a potential prognostic biomarker in lung cancer (2015)

Epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressors contributes to the development and progression of lung cancer. We recently found that TMEM196 was hypermethylated in lung cancer. This study aimed to clarify its epigenetic regulation, possible roles and clinical significance. TMEM196 methylation correlated with loss of protein expression in chemical-induced rat lung pathologic lesions and human lung cancer tissues and cell lines. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored TMEM196 expression. Moreover, TMEM196 hypermethylation was detected in 61.2% of primary lung tumours and found to be associated with poor differentiation and pathological stage of lung cancer. Functional studies showed that ectopic re-expression of TMEM196 in lung cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenicity, cell motility and tumour formation. However, TMEM196 knockdown increased cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. These effects were associated with upregulation of p21 and Bax, and downregulation of cyclin D1, c-myc, CD44 and β-catenin. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that TMEM196 downregulation was significantly associated with shortened survival in lung cancer patients. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with TMEM196 expression had a better overall survival. Our results revealed for the first time that TMEM196 acts as a novel functional tumour suppressor inactivated by DNA methylation and is an independent prognostic factor of lung cancer.
Full Optical Encoders/Decoders for Photonic IP Routers (2004)

Photonic Internet protocol (IP) routers can support higher throughput and have lower end-to-end transfer delay, with respect to electrical IP routers. The IP addresses are directly mapped onto the optical layer and processed by performing optical correlations in the time domain between the incoming code and the entries of the address bank; a different tapped delay-line encoder/decoder (E/D) is used for each photonic label. In the present paper, an innovative compact low-loss full E/D is presented that generates/processes a set of orthogonal codes (OCs) simultaneously. A tree of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) furnishes the whole set of photonic labels at the same time; it is also possible to add/drop labels without modifying the remaining code sequences. The correlation performances of the OCs can be further enhanced by inserting additional phase shifters in the MZI's arms.
Regulation of the <i>CYP1A1</i> promoter in transgenic mice: an exquisitely sensitive on-off system for cell specific gene regulation (1996)

Mammalian cytochrome P-450s in the CYP1A gene family catalyse the oxidation of a wide range of drugs and foreign compounds resulting in their excretion. These enzymes are highly inducible by a range of compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and dioxins. Analysis of the CYP1A1 promoter has identified dioxin responsive enhancer elements which mediate the induction response. In order to evaluate this promoter as an in vivo regulatable expression system and to gain further insights into the tissue specific regulation of this gene, an 8.5 kb genomic fragment of the rat CYP1A1 promoter was cloned upstream of the lacZ reporter gene. This construct was used to generate transgenic mice and three independent lines were expanded for further study. The regulation of beta-galactosidase expression was determined in mock and 3-MC-treated mice in an extensive range of tissues. In untreated animals no transgene expression was detectable over non-transgenic controls. Treatment with 3-MC caused a profound increase in transgene expression (> 1,000-fold) in many tissues including liver, adrenal, kidney and intestine. Inducible transgene expression was also detectable in many of the other tissues including the spleen, lung, pancreas and the reproductive organs. Although the absolute levels of induction varied, no significant differences in the pattern of transgene expression were observed between the three different transgenic mouse lines. In addition, the pattern of transgene expression correlated closely with the reported regulation of CYP1A1 protein. These results indicate that the CYP1A1 promoter can drive expression of heterologous genes in a truly on/off manner in a variety of tissues and cell types which will allow the expression of other proteins to be controlled in vivo. This reporter system also provides a model for establishing the environmental and hormonal factors regulating the expression of the CYP1A1 gene.
A Web Environment for Geometry (2015)

The Web Geometry Laboratory, (WGL), is a blended-learning, collaborative and adaptive, Web environment for geometry. It integrates a well known dynamic geometry system. In a collaborative session, exchange of geometrical and textual information between the user engaged in the session is possible. In a normal work session (stand-alone mode), all the geometric steps done by the students are recorded, alongside the navigation information, allowing, in a latter stage, their teachers to "play back" the students sessions, using that info to assert the students level and adjust the teaching strategies to each individual student. Teachers can register and begin using one of the public servers, defining students, preparing materials to be released to the students, open collaborative sessions, etc. Using an action research methodology the WGL system is being developed, validated through case-studies, and further improved, in a cycle where the implementation steps are intertwined with case studies.