gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence that GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the rat brain are targets of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin during development. (2002)

Developmental exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) interferes with masculinization and defeminization of male sexual behaviors and gonadotropin release patterns. We previously demonstrated that the mRNA encoding the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a protein that mediates TCDD effects, is found in brain regions that control reproductive functions, most notably in the preoptic area (POA). The pattern of distribution of the AhR gene closely overlaps that of an enzyme necessary for Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 67. To test the hypothesis that GABAergic neurons in the POA are targets of TCDD during development, we used dual-label in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) to co-localize GAD and AhR mRNAs in the region. In addition, we used ISHH to determine the effects of TCDD (1 microg/kg body weight, gestational day 15) on GAD 67 gene expression in POA regions in pups examined on postnatal day 3. We found that virtually all GABAergic neurons in the POA expressed the AhR gene. Furthermore, GAD 67 mRNA levels were higher in females than in males in the rostral POA/anteroventral periventricular nucleus (rPOA/AVPV) and in the rostral portion of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN). TCDD abolished sex differences in the rPOA/AVPV but had no effect in the rostral MPN. In the caudal MPN, there were no sex differences in GAD 67 gene expression, but TCDD depressed expression specifically in males. Our findings demonstrate that GABAergic neurons in the brain are targets of TCDD and may mediate developmental effects of this contaminant on reproductive function.
Effects of Xanthine Oxidase on Synthesis of 5-Methyluridine by the Ribosyl Transfer Reaction (1991)

In the presence of xanthine oxidase, 5-methyluridine was synthesized from inosine and thymine by the ribosyl transfer reaction using purine nucleoside phosphorylase and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase. The hypoxanthine formed was converted into urate via xanthine by xanthine oxidase. After inosine was completely consumed, an equilibrium state, in which 5-methyluridine, thymine, ribose-1-phosphate, and phosphate were involved, was achieved. At the equilibrium state, maximum yield of 5-methyluridine was obtained. The equilibrium constant of the reaction (K = [thymine] [ribose-1-phosphate]/[5-methyluridine] [phosphate]) was 0.062. Based on the equilibrium constant, the yield of 5-methyluridine depended on a ratio of initial concentrations of inosine and phosphate, on condition that the initial concentrations of inosine and thymine were the same. The yields of 5-methyluridine in the presence and absence of xanthine oxidase were 76 and 33%, respectively, when the initial concentrations of inosine, thymine, and phosphate were 5 mm each.
An α-Helical Extension of the ELMO1 Pleckstrin Homology Domain Mediates Direct Interaction to DOCK180 and Is Critical in Rac Signaling (2008)

The mammalian DOCK180 protein belongs to an evolutionarily conserved protein family, which together with ELMO proteins, is essential for activation of Rac GTPase-dependent biological processes. Here, we have analyzed the DOCK180-ELMO1 interaction, and map direct interaction interfaces to the N-terminal 200 amino acids of DOCK180, and to the C-terminal 200 amino acids of ELMO1, comprising the ELMO1 PH domain. Structural and biochemical analysis of this PH domain reveals that it is incapable of phospholipid binding, but instead structurally resembles FERM domains. Moreover, the structure revealed an N-terminal amphiphatic alpha-helix, and point mutants of invariant hydrophobic residues in this helix disrupt ELMO1-DOCK180 complex formation. A secondary interaction between ELMO1 and DOCK180 is conferred by the DOCK180 SH3 domain and proline-rich motifs at the ELMO1 C-terminus. Mutation of both DOCK180-interaction sites on ELMO1 is required to disrupt the DOCK180-ELMO1 complex. Significantly, although this does not affect DOCK180 GEF activity toward Rac in vivo, Rac signaling is impaired, implying additional roles for ELMO in mediating intracellular Rac signaling.
The use of Fab‐masking antigens to enhance the activity of immobilized antibodies (1992)

This study demonstrates that masking the Feb regions of a monoclonal antibody (Mab) with synthetic antigens prior to covalent immobilization efficiency. Water-soluble adducts of poly(2-methyloxazoline) polymers and a synthetic-peptide epitope for the Mab were constructed. These synthetic antigens are referred to as Fab-masking antigents (FMAs). The antibody used in this study is a Ca(2+)-dependent murine monoclonal lgG directed against the plasma protein, human protein C (hPC). The FMAs were pre-equilibrated with Mab in the presence of calcium prior to immobilization and were then removed by EDTA, which destabilized the FMA-Mab complexes. The antigen binding efficiency and accessibility of the Fab domain of the immobilized antibody was significantly increased for Mab immobilized in the presence of FMA relative to those Mab immobilized without FMA. The increase in binding efficiency was most pronounced for the largest FMA employed. No appreciable differences were detected in the avidity of hPC-Mab complexes formed by immunosorbents produced by either masked or unmasked antibody. These results provide evidence that orientation may play an important role in the binding activity of immobilized antibodies.
Characterization of RuO<sub>2</sub>-based film electrodes by secondary ion mass spectrometry (1994)

Concentration depth profiles of Ti-supported RuO2–TiO2 films, prepared by pyrolysis of ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate and titanium diisopropoxide bis-pentane-2,4-dionate, have been studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The 102Ru : 48Ti ion intensity ratio vs. the nominal concentration of ruthenium oxide was followed for samples obtained from precursors dissolved in different solvents. The dependence on bombarding time of ion intensity profiles for other species, such as O –(m/z= 16), OH–(m/z= 17), 46TiO+(m/z= 62), 50TiOH+(m/z= 63) was also studied. The mixed oxide films were characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The results of the combined research support the idea that microstructural and chemical impurities are concentrated in the outermost part of the film. This phenomenon seems to depend on the composition of the solvent used for the precursor salts.
Verifying computations with state. (2013)

When a client outsources a job to a third party (e.g., the cloud), how can the client check the result, without reexecuting the computation? Recent work in proof-based verifiable computation has made significant progress on this problem by incorporating deep results from complexity theory and cryptography into built systems. However, these systems work within a stateless model: they exclude computations that interact with RAM or a disk, or for which the client does not have the full input. This paper describes Pantry, a built system that overcomes these limitations. Pantry composes proof-based verifiable computation with untrusted storage: the client expresses its computation in terms of digests that attest to state, and verifiably outsources that computation. Using Pantry, we extend verifiability to MapReduce jobs, simple database queries, and interactions with private state. Thus, Pantry takes another step toward practical proofbased verifiable computation for realistic applications. 1
The Use of Faces to Represent Points in k-Dimensional Space Graphically (1973)

Abstract A novel method of representing multivariate data is presented. Each point in k-dimensional space, k≤18, is represented by a cartoon of a face whose features, such as length of nose and curvature of mouth, correspond to components of the point. Thus every multivariate observation is visualized as a computer-drawn face. This presentation makes it easy for the human mind to grasp many of the essential regularities and irregularities present in the data. Other graphical representations are described briefly.
Analysis of synthetic DNAs and DNA-protamine complexes with the scanning tunneling microscope. (1993)

Three duplex DNAs 22, 47, and 100 base-pairs in length have been imaged with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) after deposition on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Images of the 47 base-pair (bp) molecules are resolved sufficiently to identify the two phosphodiester strands, the direction of helical coiling (this molecule contains three turns of left-handed helix), and single-stranded ends. Length measurements indicate that all three DNA sequences have adopted an "A-like" conformation. DNA-protamine complexes were also prepared and imaged under similar conditions. Length measurements of the complexes demonstrate that the binding of bull protamine 1 to the 47-mer stabilizes the DNA in a B conformation and prevents the B to A transition that has been shown to occur as the DNA molecules dehydrate on the surface. Measurements of the diameter of the complex (3 nm) were also obtained and were found to be only slightly larger than the DNA molecule. This observation is consistent with the binding of the protamine molecule inside one of the grooves.
Developments in physically-based overland flow modelling (1998)

The most powerful developments in rainfall-runoff modelling refer to a physically-based approach to allow for spatial variations as well as impacts, nowadays caused by man-induced land-use changes. With increased computer power, two-dimensional overland flow modelling became the state of the art. But due to highly varying flow characteristics over complex surfaces, the use of point equations for the detailed description of spatially occurring processes rapidly leads to a data deficit in the requirements. In addition, the assumptions of gradually varied flow in the point-scale technology used do not hold, unless one smoothes the important microtopographic surface structure. To overcome these deficiencies spatially-averaged conservation equations for interacting rill and interrill area overland flows are introduced. On the basis of the kinematic wave approximation the combined rill (channel) and interrill (sheet) flow is treated as one-dimensional flow with an additional interaction term. The overland flow part with the quasi-two dimensional conservation equations of the presented catchment modelling system is then linked to the flow in the channel network. It is routed by the fully dynamic St Venant equations.
A Unified Criterion for the Degree of Constraint of Plane Kinematic Chains (1960)

The degree of freedom or overconstraint of plane kinematic chains is determined by means of an analysis of independent loops. It is shown how the independent loops of a system may be identified and how they may be used to recognize certain special cases which do not fit into the framework of so-called “general formulas.” The independent loops may also be used to systematically formulate the governing kinematic equations of a system. It is shown that the equations so formulated are in general sufficient to solve for all unknown velocities and accelerations.
Generation of Sheep X (Sheep X Mouse) Heterohybridoma Cell Line Expressing the Beta-1 Integrin Membrane Molecule (2000)

Sheep are an important biological model in such diverse areas as immunology and reproductive biology. The limitation of sheep as an experimental model is the absence of reliable cell lines. To establish cell lines that express functional sheep membrane molecules, we produced a sheep x mouse heterohybridoma by fusion of sheep efferent lymph T cells with the murine myeloma cell line NS1. A cloned heterohybridoma fusion partner was selected by treatment with 8-azaguanine. The resulting cell line HL1/385 was selected for hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine (HAT) sensitivity and growth efficiency. The HL1/385 cell line was used as a back-fusion partner into lectin-stimulated efferent T lymphocytes. The back-fusion approach produced more than 50 heterohybrid cell lines with high growth efficiency. The expression of physiological levels of the sheep beta-1 integrin cell surface molecule on the HT4/6 cell line was stable for months in culture. These results suggest that somatic heterohybrids may provide a reliable source of cell lines for sheep studies in vitro.
Future wireless spectrum below 6 GHz: A UK perspective (2015)

Spectrum is a limited resource (especially below 6 GHz where most mobile and wireless systems currently operate) and optimizing its use is the target of national regulators in order to provide and deliver maximum benefit and services to the citizens. We present the UK perspective on the future wireless spectrum below 6 GHz, including plans and strategy of Ofcom (the UK telecommunications regulator) to make more spectrum available for wireless and mobile services. We identify capacity (especially indoors), coverage, machine-to-machine (M2M) and wireless backhaul as four major drivers that are expected to influence spectrum regulation in the coming future, and discuss the spectrum bands under consideration with respect to each. We then examine the amount and nature of future spectrum below 6 GHz. We find that, unlike currently allocated spectrum, most of the new spectrum (close to 80%) would be shared spectrum and it will be accessed via either licensed shared access (LSA) or opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) models. We outline a trend indicating that hybrid geolocation database plus sensing will be a dominant and more generally applicable spectrum access technique in the future when dealing with shared spectrum bands with incumbents not in the wireless services sector. On the other hand, some form of beacon signaling can enable efficient spectrum sharing among heterogeneous wireless systems assuming such signaling can be incorporated in a cost-effective manner. Finally we discuss 5G requirements under consideration and potential spectrum below 6 GHz to meet those requirements.
King or Knave?: Félix Adende Rapontchombo and Political Survival in the Gabon Estuary (2002)

In the late nineteenth century, the town of Libreville on the Gabon Estuary went through numerous changes as it moved from a marginal French naval base to become the capital of the rapidly expanding colony of French Congo. European officials, through a combination of force and gifts, had managed to obtain control over the Gabon Estuary from Mpongwe clan chiefs in the 1840s. [2] The French administration did relatively little to assert their authority before 1875. However, those clan chiefs who had enriched themselves as middlemen between African interior trade networks and Europeans purchasing slaves and ivory, lost both their monopoly over trade and control over their dependents. As increasing numbers of Africans from other regions including migrating Fang clans from Northern Gabon settled in the area, the small collection of Mpongwe clans found themselves at odds with new rivals and an increasingly forceful colonial regime by the 1870s.
.BETA.-Lactam Antifungals. II. Enantiocontrolled Synthesis of (2R,5S)-2-Hydroxymethyl-1-carbapenam, the Carba-Analog of a Clavam Antifungal. (1991)

(2R,5S)-2-Hydroxymethyl-1-carbapenam (3), the carba-analog of an antifungal beta-lactam (2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)calvam (1), was synthesized in an enantiocontrolled manner, starting from the coupling reaction of an optically active phthalimido-acetate (3S,4S)-4 and an allylsilane 7, followed by removal of the phthalimido group that was crucial for asymmetric induction. Hydroboration, protecting-group interconversion, and cyclization gave 3 stereoselectively.
Emili Vigo i Bènia, periodista, historiador i polític (2003)

Although, there is a steady growth in the total number of sexually transmitted infections (STI), the forensic medical method is a rare expertise type as applicable to venereal and HIV infections. Since sexually abused persons are an STI risk category, they must be diagnosed as soon as possible. A micro-trauma of sexual violence, if detected, is an important finding because it is an open entry gate for STI. The specialist in skin and venereal diseases must examine all victims and all suspected of raping or of sexual violence to rule out the possibility of venereal disease infection.
Intrinsic fluorescence changes and rapid kinetics of the reaction of thrombin with hirudin. (1992)

Stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to study the reaction of human alpha-thrombin with recombinant hirudin variant 1 (rhir) at 37 degrees C and an ionic strength of 0.125 M. A 35% enhancement in intrinsic fluorescence accompanied formation of the thrombin-rhir complex. Over one third of this enhancement corresponded to a structural change that could be induced by binding of either the NH2-terminal fragment (residues 1-51) or the COOH-terminal fragment (residues 52-65) of rhir. Three kinetic steps were detected for reaction of thrombin with rhir. At high rhir concentrations (greater than or equal to 3 microM), two intramolecular steps with observed rate constants of 296 +/- 5 s-1 and 50 +/- 1 s-1 were observed. By using the COOH-terminal fragment of rhir as a competitive inhibitor, it was possible to obtain an estimate of 2.9 x 10(8) M-1 s-1 for the effective association rate constant at low rhir concentrations. At higher ionic strengths, this rate constant was lower, which is consistent with the formation of the initial complex involving an ionic interaction. The mechanism for the reaction of both the COOH- and NH2-terminal fragments of rhir appeared to involve two steps. When thrombin was reacted with the COOH-terminal fragment at high concentrations (greater than or equal to 6 microM), the bimolecular step occurred within the dead time of the spectrometer and only one intramolecular step, with a rate constant of 308 +/- 5 s-1 was observed. At concentrations of NH2-terminal fragment below 50 microM, its binding to thrombin appeared to be a bimolecular reaction with an association rate constant of 8.3 x 10(5) M-1 s-1. In the presence of saturating concentrations of the COOH-terminal fragment, a 1.7-fold increase in this rate constant was observed. At concentrations of NH2-terminal fragment greater than 50 microM, biphasic reaction traces were observed which suggests a two-step mechanism. By comparing the reaction amplitudes and dissociation constants observed with rhir and its COOH-terminal fragment, it was possible to obtain approximate estimates for the values of the rate constants of different steps in the formation of the rhir-thrombin complex.
The chemistry of the fullerenes (1994)

In the electronic age, the role of books is shifting more and more from the transfer of data to the transfer of knowledge - the Thieme Organic Chemistry Monograph series meets the needs of the scientific community for comprehensive, conceptual treatments of new developments, put into the broad content of organic chemisrtry as a whole and written for the non-specialist. Each book presents a topic where significant progress has reached a state of maturity such that a critical overview is needed. This volume discusses the methods of preparation and isolation of fullerene chemistry in detail. After comprehensive presentation of the physical and spectroscopic properties of fullerenes, nano tubes and bucky onions are briefly discussed. Fullerene chemistry itself is outlined according to the topological types of derivatives.
[GIS and scenario analysis aid to water pollution control planning of river basin]. (2004)

The forward and backward algorithms for watershed water pollution control planning were summarized in this paper as well as their advantages and shortages. The spatial databases of water environmental function region, pollution sources, monitoring sections and sewer outlets were built with ARCGIS8.1 as the platform in the case study of Ganjiang valley, Jiangxi province. Based on the principles of the forward algorithm, four scenarios were designed for the watershed pollution control. Under these scenarios, ten sets of planning schemes were generated to implement cascade pollution source control. The investment costs of sewage treatment for these schemes were estimated by means of a series of cost-effective functions; with pollution source prediction, the water quality was modeled with CSTR model for each planning scheme. The modeled results of different planning schemes were visualized through GIS to aid decision-making. With the results of investment cost and water quality attainment as decision-making accords and based on the analysis of the economic endurable capacity for water pollution control in Ganjiang river basin, two optimized schemes were proposed. The research shows that GIS technology and scenario analysis can provide a good guidance to the synthesis, integrity and sustainability aspects for river basin water quality planning.
Analogs of bradykinin containing .beta.-2-thienyl-L-alanine (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalogs of bradykinin containing .beta.-2-thienyl-L-alanineJohn Morrow Stewart and Floyd W. DunnCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 9, 779–781Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00291a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00291a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EXTRACTABILITY OF ADDED LEAD IN SOILS AND ITS CONCENTRATION IN PLANTS (1969)

The concentrations of Pb in five species of plants were found to increase with proximity of the sampling sites to a well-travelled highway.The Pb content of oats and alfalfa grown in four soils pretreated with PbCl 2 in pot tests varied inversely with the organic matter content and pH of the soils. The amounts of Pb taken up by the plants were reduced upon addition of phosphate or of lime to the acid soils. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of organic matter, phosphate and lime in reducing Pb in the plants were usually in accord with corresponding reductions in extractable Pb in the soils as measured in 1 N neutral ammonium acetate and 0.1 M CaCl 2 .
Gene Targeting of a Plasmid-Borne Sequence to a Double-Strand DNA Break in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (1996)

We report an efficient and specific gene targeting method for transforming the germ line of Drosophila melanogaster. The targeting occurs during the repair of a double-strand DNA break that is induced at the white locus by the excision of a P transposable element. The break is repaired when homologous sequence is copied from a plasmid injected into the Drosophila embryo. The procedure efficiently integrates DNA into the targeted locus of the Drosophila genome. Heterologous sequence of up to 13 kbp in length can be inserted, permitting the intergration of entire genes into a common genomic site for further study.