gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed object visualization for sensor-driven systems (2003)

Many sensor-driven systems, such as those for avionics mission computing and for manufacturing process control, have stringent timing requirements for processing sensor data. Furthermore, many of these systems manage multiple sources of sensor simultaneously. Our previous work has shown that sensor-driven systems can be implemented efficiently and predictably using a real-time CORBA Event Service. This approach allows designers of real-time systems to leverage the benefits of flexible and open distributed computing architectures, such as those defined in the CORBA specification, while still meeting real-time requirements for efficiency, scalability, and predictability. To build and manage these types of systems, application developers and test engineers must be able to monitor and visualize the systems' real-time behavior. This paper describes how we have extended our distributed object visualization environment (DOVE) framework to monitor the timing behavior of a real-time application that generates and processes two separate streams of simulated sensor data events. The principal contributions of this paper are: (1) applying the DOVE framework to a simulated sensor-driven application, (2) extending the DOVE framework to support new application requirements, and (3) demonstrating and visualizing quality of service (QoS) control for multiple event streams within a real-time CORBA Event Service.
Leu110Pro substitution in the RhD polypeptide is responsible for the D<sup>VII</sup> category blood group phenotype (1995)

The nucleotide sequence of the RhD transcripts from the reticulocytes of three unrelated variants with the DVII category blood group phenotype has been determined. Our results indicate that the expression of the low frequency antigen Rh40 and the lack of epD8 at the surface of these variant RhD positive red cells are associated with a single point mutation, T329C, in exon 2 of the RHD gene. This nucleotide polymorphism results in a leucine to proline substitution at amino acid position 110 of the RhD polypeptide.
Inhibition of Capsaicin‐Induced Cough by the γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Agonist Baclofen (1998)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a central inhibitory neurotransmitter that also exists in the lungs. The GABA-agonist baclofen has been shown to have antitussive activity via a central mechanism in animals. Recently it was demonstrated that a 14-day course of baclofen given three times daily significantly inhibits the cough reflex in healthy volunteers. Because of the prolonged antitussive effect of baclofen that has been previously observed, the present study was conducted to evaluate the antitussive effect of low-dose, oral baclofen given once daily. Forty-one healthy volunteers were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to receive a 28-day course of baclofen, either 10 mg or 20 mg once daily, or placebo. Subjects underwent cough challenge testing with inhaled capsaicin to establish baseline cough reflex sensitivity, and subsequently after 14 and 28 days of therapy. Subjects receiving baclofen 20 mg daily demonstrated significant inhibition of cough sensitivity after 14 days and after 28 days of therapy compared with baseline. Neither placebo nor baclofen 10 mg daily had a significant effect on cough sensitivity. No serious side effects were experienced by any study participant. These results confirm the recent observation that baclofen has significant antitussive activity in humans. Further, once-daily administration of a relatively low dose of baclofen is sufficient to achieve significant cough inhibition, although at least 14 to 28 days of therapy may be required to attain maximal antitussive effect. These results support further investigation of baclofen or other GABA-agonists as potential therapeutic agents for chronic, nonproductive cough.
Struktur und Reaktionsfähigkeit der Acetylen‐Bindung (1957)

Abstract An Beispielen wird die typische Reaktionsweise der CC‐Bindung gezeigt. Anschließend werden die sich aus theoretischen Überlegungen ergebenden Gründe für die ausgesprochen nucleophile Reaktionsbereitschaft der Acetylen‐Bindung sowie für die im Vergleich zu den Olefinen gering Tendenz zu elektrophilen Additionen diskutiert.
Authentication Protocols to Support Fast Handoff for 802.11s Mesh Networks (2010)

In this paper, we propose authentication protocols for 802.11s mesh networks, which support the mesh point's fast handoff between Mesh key distributors (MKDs). The protocols consist of the initial authentication protocol (IAP) and the fast handoff authentication protocol (FHAP). Once a MP firstly accesses the 802.11s mesh networks, the initial authentication protocol will be executed, which realizes the mutual authentication and keys confirmation among the MP, MKD and authentication server (AS). When the MP moves from the current MKD to another, the fast handoff authentication protocol that can be performed locally without the contact with AS, is proposed. The simulation results indicate that the authentication latency of our protocols is less than that of the scheme in.
<i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i><scp>l</scp>-Alanine Dehydrogenase (Ald) Is Required for Proficient Utilization of Alanine as a Sole Nitrogen Source and Sustained Anaerobic Growth (2002)

NAD(H)-dependent L-alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1) (Ald) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of L-alanine and the reductive amination of pyruvate. To assess the physiological role of Ald in Mycobacterium smegmatis, we cloned the ald gene, identified its promoter, determined the protein expression levels, and analyzed the combined effects of nutrient supplementation, oxygen availability, and growth stage on enzyme activity. High Ald activities were observed in cells grown in the presence of L- or D-alanine regardless of the oxygen availability and growth stage. In exponentially growing cells under aerobic conditions, supplementation with alanine resulted in a 25- to 50-fold increase in the enzyme activity. In the absence of alanine supplementation, 23-fold-higher Ald activities were observed in cells grown exponentially under anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, M. smegmatis ald null mutants were constructed by targeted disruption and were shown to lack any detectable Ald activity. In contrast, the glycine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.10) (Gdh) activity in mutant cells remained at wild-type levels, indicating that another enzyme protein is responsible for the physiologically relevant reductive amination of glyoxylate. The ald mutants grew poorly in minimal medium with L-alanine as the sole nitrogen source, reaching a saturation density 100-fold less than that of the wild-type strain. Likewise, mutants grew to a saturation density 10-fold less than that of the wild-type strain under anaerobic conditions. In summary, the phenotypes displayed by the M. smegmatis ald mutants suggest that Ald plays an important role in both alanine utilization and anaerobic growth.
Sanfilippo syndrome type C: deficiency of acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase in skin fibroblasts. (1978)

Removal of N-sulfated glucosamine residues during degradation of heparan sulfate is accomplished by the sequential action of three enzymes. Action of sulfamidase results in the formation of alpha-glucosaminide residues. Removal of these groups requires conversion to alpha-N-acetylglucosaminide by the action of an acetyltransferase in the presence of acetyl-CoA, followed by hydrolysis by alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase. In fibroblast homogenates from three patients with Sanfilippo syndrome type C (mucopolysaccharidosis III C), a biochemical variant of the Sanfilippo syndrome, complete deficiency of the acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase activity was detected. Activities of all lysosomal hydrolases known so far to degrade mucopolysaccharides, including those of sulfamidase and alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, were in the range of controls. Acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase activity was normal in fibroblasts of patients with other genetic mucopolysaccharidoses, including Sanfilippo syndrome A and B.
Nano Sulfated Titania as Solid Acid Catalyst in Direct Synthesis of Fatty Acid Amides (2011)

Nanosized sulfated titania was prepared by a sol-gel hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron, and scanning electron micrographs (TEM and SEM), FT-IR specific surface area, and BET N(2) adsorption were employed to characterize the properties of the synthesized sulfated TiO(2). The results indicate that both anatase and rutile TiO(2) are obtainable. This prepared sulfated titania showed high catalytic activity in direct amidation of fatty acids as well as benzoic acids with various amines under solvent-free conditions.
Anonymizing Personal Text Messages Posted in Online Social Networks and Detecting Disclosures of Personal Information (2015)

While online social networking is a popular way for people to share information, it carries the risk of unintentionally disclosing personal information. One way to reduce this risk is to anonymize personal information in messages before they are posted. Furthermore, if personal information is somehow disclosed, the person who disclosed it should be identifiable. Several methods developed for anonymizing personal information in natural language text simply remove sensitive phrases, making the anonymized text message unnatural. Other methods change the message by using synonymization or structural alteration to create fingerprints for detecting disclosure, but they do not support the creation of a sufficient number of fingerprints for friends of an online social network user. We have developed a system for anonymizing personal information in text messages that generalizes sensitive phrases. It also creates a sufficient number of fingerprints of a message by using synonyms so that, if personal information is revealed online, the person who revealed it can be identified. A distribution metric is used to ensure that the degree of anonymization is appropriate for each group of friends. A threshold is used to improve the naturalness of the fingerprinted messages so that they do not catch the attention of attackers. Evaluation using about 55,000 personal tweets in English demonstrated that our system creates sufficiently natural fingerprinted messages for friends and groups of friends. The practicality of the system was demonstrated by creating a web application for controlling messages posted on Facebook.
Context-informed adaptive hypermedia (2004)

Adaptive Hypermedia Systems have mechanisms for extensively modelling their domain of expertise, and reasoning over that domain to produce tailored web content. In general, these systems are supplied in advance with deep, explicit models of the relevant axes of adaptivity. Current designs in Adaptive Hypermedia therefore attempt to model the entire sphere of experience of the system deeply and without separation. Contextual input, on the other hand, is arbitrarily defined, and deep models are not separated from ‘shallow interest’ contextual data. It is desirable to model this data separately so as to reduce the size of AH models and to encapsulate low-level sensor data as high-level interpreted concepts. This paper presents a novel method for applying contextual information to an Adaptive Hypermedia eLearning system, providing a clear boundary between ‘core’ adaptive axes and contextual information. An outline of the architecture of an integrated Context Interpretation system with an Adaptive Hypermedia System is provided, along with analysis of the mechanisms by which contextual information may be applied to the specific case of eLearning, and in more general systems.
OFDM for underwater acoustic communications: Adaptive synchronization and sparse channel estimation (2008)

A phase synchronization method, which provides non-uniform frequency offset compensation needed for wideband OFDM, is coupled with low-complexity channel estimation in the time domain. Sparsing of the channel impulse response leads to an improved performance, while adaptive synchronization supports decision-directed operation and yields low overhead. System performance is demonstrated using experimental data transmitted over a 1 km shallow water channel in the 19 kHz - 31 kHz band.
Synthesis and reactions of 5-arylamino-1,2,4-trioxans (1980)

Eleven 5-arylamino-1,2,4-trioxans were synthesized by the reaction of arylamines, e.g., aniline, toluidines, xylidines, or mesitylamine, with aldehydes, e.g., 2-methylpropanal or 2-phenylpropanal, in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The structures of these trioxans were proved to be similar to that of 5-(1-naphthylamine)-1,2,4-trioxan, determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Reductive decomposition of the trioxans with sodium borohydride afforded the N-(2-hydroxypropyl)arylamines. Pyrolysis of the trioxans gave a ketone, an aldehyde, and the N-formylarylamines. On decomposition with acid the trioxans gave a ketone, an aldehyde, formic acid, arylamines, and the N-formylarylamines. The same products were also found in the case of decomposition of the trioxans with base.
A machine learning approach to predicting short-term mortality risk in patients starting chemotherapy (2017)

ABSTRACT Background Cancer patients who die soon after starting chemotherapy incur costs of treatment without benefits. Accurately predicting mortality risk from chemotherapy is important, but few patient data-driven tools exist. We sought to create and validate a machine learning model predicting mortality for patients starting new chemotherapy. Methods We obtained electronic health records for patients treated at a large cancer center (26,946 patients; 51,774 new regimens) over 2004-14, linked to Social Security data for date of death. The model was derived using 2004-11 data, and performance measured on non-overlapping 2012-14 data. Findings 30-day mortality from chemotherapy start was 2.1%. Common cancers included breast (21.1%), colorectal (19.3%), and lung (18.0%). Model predictions were accurate for all patients (AUC 0.94). Predictions for patients starting palliative chemotherapy (46.6% of regimens), for whom prognosis is particularly important, remained highly accurate (AUC 0.92). To illustrate model discrimination, we ranked patients initiating palliative chemotherapy by model-predicted mortality risk, and calculated observed mortality by risk decile. 30-day mortality in the highest-risk decile was 22.6%; in the lowest-risk decile, no patients died. Predictions remained accurate across all primary cancers, stages, and chemotherapies—even for clinical trial regimens that first appeared in years after the model was trained (AUC 0.94). The model also performed well for prediction of 180-day mortality (AUC 0.87; mortality 74.8% in the highest risk decile vs. 0.2% in the lowest). Predictions were more accurate than data from randomized trials of individual chemotherapies, or SEER estimates. Interpretation A machine learning algorithm accurately predicted short-term mortality in patients starting chemotherapy using EHR data. Further research is necessary to determine generalizability and the feasibility of applying this algorithm in clinical settings.
Mining trips from telematics dataset for value-added logistics applications in asset tracking systems (2009)

With the recent improvements and cost reductions in GPS technology and wireless communication, telematics systems that integrate wireless communications with sensor-based monitoring and location aware applications have been widely deployed for mobile asset tracking and condition monitoring. In such telematics systems, mining patterns from GPS datasets and exploring the useful data for asset behaviors is vital in order to understand asset utilization, efficiency, distribution, operation, and many other important aspects in the supply chain. In this paper we mine trips based on heuristic rules from a large-scale, real world, event-based telematics dataset that is noisy and sparse in nature. A series of logistics applications built on trip analysis are presented, including ETA prediction, Mileage estimation, Backhaul detection, and Supply chain network analysis.
Beyond sliding windows: Object localization by efficient subwindow search (2008)

Most successful object recognition systems rely on binary classification, deciding only if an object is present or not, but not providing information on the actual object location. To perform localization, one can take a sliding window approach, but this strongly increases the computational cost, because the classifier function has to be evaluated over a large set of candidate subwindows. In this paper, we propose a simple yet powerful branch-and-bound scheme that allows efficient maximization of a large class of classifier functions over all possible subimages. It converges to a globally optimal solution typically in sublinear time. We show how our method is applicable to different object detection and retrieval scenarios. The achieved speedup allows the use of classifiers for localization that formerly were considered too slow for this task, such as SVMs with a spatial pyramid kernel or nearest neighbor classifiers based on the chi <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -distance. We demonstrate state-of-the-art performance of the resulting systems on the UIUC Cars dataset, the PASCAL VOC 2006 dataset and in the PASCAL VOC 2007 competition.
Tumor Specific Novel Taxoid-Monoclonal Antibody Conjugates (2004)

The basic principle of the targeted delivery approach is that the conjugation of a drug to a tumor-specific molecule renders the drug inactive until it reaches the target site. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which have shown high binding specificity for tumor-specific antigens, could be used as targeting agents. Paclitaxel has brought significant impact on the current cancer chemotherapy, but seriously suffers from the lack of tumor specificity. A series of paclitaxel-monoclonal antibody conjugates via C-2' ester linkage were reported. Taking into account the fact that the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel is not good enough and thus not applicable to this target delivery prodrug approach, new taxoids bearing methyldisulfanyl(alkanoyl) groups were designed, synthesized, and their activities evaluated. A highly cytotoxic C-10 methyldisulfanyl-propanoyl taxoid, was conjugated to monoclonal antibodies recognizing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These conjugates were shown to possess remarkable target-specific antitumor activity in vivo against EGFR-expressing A431 tumor xenografts in SCID mice, resulting in complete inhibition of tumor growth in all the treated mice without any noticeable toxicity to the animals.
Effects of statins on human cerebral cholesterol metabolism and secretion of Alzheimer amyloid peptide (2002)

Cerebral cholesterol metabolism has been linked with production of amyloid peptide (Abeta) crucial in AD. The association between use of cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins) and AD disease is currently being intensely discussed. In this case-control study on elderly nondemented subjects, the authors provide the first evidence that statins in clinically relevant dosages indeed affect cerebral cholesterol metabolism. However, these changes were not associated with altered intrathecal secretion of Alzheimer Abeta.
Investigation of optical properties of injection-molded subwavelength gratings (2002)

Surface reflections from optical transmission components are in many cases unwanted and cumbersome. Thin film coating is the conventional technique used for anti-reflection treatment of optical components. In recent years subwavelength gratings have been studied as a replacement for thin films. Subwavelength gratings are microstructures that can be formed on one or both sides of a substrate. Typically an optical component needs to be AR-coated on both sides. We have fabricated injection moulded subwavelength gratings superimposed upon a blazed grating structure in polycarbonate. The gratings are initially formed by electron-beam lithography and subsequently replicated using the same process which is used to manufacture standard plastic compact discs (CDs). There are several problems when trying to characterize a component such as a blazed transmittance grating. First of all there is the spread of internal reflections. Light that is reflected inside the substrate is shifted in lateral position due to the angle of the grating. We have thoroughly investigated the effects of decrease in grating efficiency due to internal reflections and also tried to minimize these effects by appropriately treating both sides of the plastic CD.
Transition sequence exploration of UML activity diagram using evolutionary algorithm (2012)

Generating test cases from activity diagram is challenging due to concurrency. This paper presents use of evolutionary algorithm (EA) in test case generation from UML activity diagram. An activity diagram is transformed into intermediate model as an extended control flow graph (ECFG), which is used to generate test cases and test data. The objective function guides an EA to produce divergent test scenarios focusing issues of guard conditions and concurrency. The experimental results demonstrate that the approach can produce feasible test cases to achieve superior activity, transition, and concurrency coverage goals.
Getting to Grips with Strangles: An Effective Multi-Component Recombinant Vaccine for the Protection of Horses from Streptococcus equi Infection (2009)

Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) is a clonal, equine host-adapted pathogen of global importance that causes a suppurative lymphodendopathy of the head and neck, more commonly known as Strangles. The disease is highly prevalent, can be severe and is highly contagious. Antibiotic treatment is usually ineffective. Live attenuated vaccine strains of S. equi have shown adverse reactions and they suffer from a short duration of immunity. Thus, a safe and effective vaccine against S. equi is highly desirable. The bacterium shows only limited genetic diversity and an effective vaccine could confer broad protection to horses throughout the world. Welsh mountain ponies (n = 7) vaccinated with a combination of seven recombinant S. equi proteins were significantly protected from experimental infection by S. equi, resembling the spontaneous disease. Vaccinated horses had significantly reduced incidence of lymph node swelling (p = 0.0013) lymph node abscessation (p = 0.00001), fewer days of pyrexia (p = 0.0001), reduced pathology scoring (p = 0.005) and lower bacterial recovery from lymph nodes (p = 0.004) when compared with non-vaccinated horses (n = 7). Six of 7 vaccinated horses were protected whereas all 7 non-vaccinated became infected. The protective antigens consisted of five surface localized proteins and two IgG endopeptidases. A second vaccination trial (n = 7+7), in which the IgG endopeptidases were omitted, demonstrated only partial protection against S. equi, highlighting an important role for these vaccine components in establishing a protective immune response. S. equi shares .80% sequence identity with Streptococcus pyogenes. Several of the components utilized here have counterparts in S. pyogenes, suggesting that our findings have broader implications for the prevention of infection with this important human pathogen. This is one of only a few demonstrations of protection from streptococcal infection conferred by a recombinant multi-component subunit vaccine in a natural host.