gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid detection of chromosomes X and Y aneuploidies by quantitative fluorescent PCR (1999)

Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) assays and small tandem repeat (STR) markers have been successfully employed for the rapid detection of major numerical aneuploidies affecting human autosomes. So far, the analysis of chromosomes X and Y disorders has been hampered by the rarity of highly polymorphic markers which could distinguish normal female homozygous PCR patterns from those seen in patients with Turner's syndrome. A new marker (X22) of the X/Y chromosomes has been identified which maps in the Xq/Yq pseudoautosomal region PAR2; used together with the HPRT it allows the rapid diagnosis of numerical aneuploidies of the sex chromosomes. Blood samples from normal male and female subjects and from patients with X and Y chromosome disorders (45,X and 47, XXY) have been tested by QF-PCR with the X22 polymorphic pentanucleotide (12 alleles) together with the HPRT and P39 markers. The samples were also tested by multiplex QF-PCR with STRs specific for chromosomes 21,18,13 and amelogenin (AMXY). Tested by QF-PCR, all samples from normal females were heterozygous for either the X22 or the HPRT marker with fluorescent peak ratios near 1:1, thus allowing a correct, rapid diagnosis of their chromosome complement. Turner's patients (45,X) showed only one X22 and one HPRT fluorescent peak, thus documenting the presence of a single X chromosome. Turner's patients with mosaicism showed a major fluorescent peak for the X22 and HPRT markers and a minor peak revealing the presence of a second minor population of cells. Two 47, XXY cases could also be diagnosed. Multiplex analyses can be performed using simultaneously STR markers for chromosomes 21,18,13 X and Y. The diagnostic value of a third X-linked marker (P39) was also investigated. These results suggest that rapid diagnosis of major numerical anomalies of the X and Y chromosomes can be performed using QF-PCR with a new highly polymorphic X-linked marker, X22, which maps in the Xq/Yq pseudoautosomal region PAR 2. Multiplex QF-PCR tests-using the X22 STR in association with HPRT and, in rare cases, a third P39 marker-allow the rapid diagnosis of major aneuploidies affecting chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X and Y. The X22 marker can also be employed for the detection of fetal cells present in maternal peripheral blood or the endocervical canal.
Statistical Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (1955)

The published work for which the honor of the Nobel prize for the year 1954 has been accorded to me does not contain the discovery of a new phenomenon of nature but, rather, the foundations of a new way of thinking about the phenomena of nature. This way of thinking has permeated experimental and theoretical physics to such an extent that it seems scarcely possible to say anything more about it that has not often been said already. Yet there are some special aspects that I should like to discuss.
Demonstration of 3-dimensional wide-angle no-moving-parts laser beam steering (2004)

Design and demonstration of a versatile liquid crystal-based scanner is shown for steering a laser beam in three dimensions. The scanner consists of a unique combination of digital and analog control polarization-based beamforming optics resulting in both continuous and random fashion beam steering. The scanner features a novel device biasing method, large aperture beamforming optics, low electrical power consumption, and ultra-fine as well as wide angle coarse beam steering. Demonstrations include one, two and three dimensional beam steering with a maximum of 40.92° continuous scan, all at 1550 nm. The minimum scanner aperture is 1 cm diameter and uses a combination of ferroelectric and nematic liquid crystals in addition to Rutile crystal birefringent prisms.
Flow-induced clustering and alignment of vesicles and red blood cells in microcapillaries (2009)

The recent development of microfluidic devices allows the investigation and manipulation of individual liquid microdroplets, capsules, and cells. The collective behavior of several red blood cells (RBCs) or microcapsules in narrow capillaries determines their flow-induced morphology, arrangement, and effective viscosity. Of fundamental interest here is the relation between the flow behavior and the elasticity and deformability of these objects, their long-range hydrodynamic interactions in microchannels, and thermal membrane undulations. We study these mechanisms in an in silico model, which combines a particle-based mesoscale simulation technique for the fluid hydrodynamics with a triangulated-membrane model. The 2 essential control parameters are the volume fraction of RBCs (the tube hematocrit, H(T)), and the flow velocity. Our simulations show that already at very low H(T), the deformability of RBCs implies a flow-induced cluster formation above a threshold flow velocity. At higher H(T) values, we predict 3 distinct phases: one consisting of disordered biconcave-disk-shaped RBCs, another with parachute-shaped RBCs aligned in a single file, and a third with slipper-shaped RBCs arranged as 2 parallel interdigitated rows. The deformation-mediated clustering and the arrangements of RBCs and microcapsules are relevant for many potential applications in physics, biology, and medicine, such as blood diagnosis and cell sorting in microfluidic devices.
Brownian dynamics simulations of polyelectrolyte adsorption in shear flow: Effects of solvent quality and charge patterning (2008)

We probe the effects of solvent quality and charge patterning on polyelectrolyte adsorption in shear flow using Brownian dynamics simulations with hydrodynamic interaction (HI). The polyelectrolyte is modeled as a freely jointed bead-rod chain, and electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions are accounted for by using screened Coulombic and Lennard-Jones potentials, respectively. In the absence of flow, the conformation of a polyelectrolyte molecule adsorbed onto a uniformly charged surface changes from flat to globular with an increase in bead-bead attraction (hydrophobicity), consistent with prior experimental observations. In the presence of flow, migration due to bead-wall HI and, as a consequence, desorption decrease with an increase in bead-bead attraction, implying that flow-induced desorption is more difficult under poor-solvent conditions. When bead-bead non-electrostatic attraction is strong, desorption can be enhanced by increasing bead-bead electrostatic repulsion. Analogous to the effect of bead-surface electrostatic attraction, an increase in the strength of bead-surface non-electrostatic attraction reduces desorption. We also study the effect of shear flow on the adsorption of a polyelectrolyte molecule onto surfaces decorated with periodic arrays of charged patches. An increase in patch periodicity increases desorption even when the effective surface charge density is kept the same. The results of this work suggest mechanisms for controlling the desorption of polyelectrolyte molecules in shear flows.
Local intramural drug delivery using an infusion balloon following angioplasty in normal and atherosclerotic vessels (1994)

Local intramural delivery of various pharmacologic agents following angioplasty has been proposed as a means of reducing restenosis. This study tested whether local intramural delivery of aqueous solutions using an infusion balloon could be accomplished safely in normal vessels and whether such infusion was safe following standard angioplasty in diseased vessels. Infusion of aqueous agents into normal canine arteries had no adverse effect. Infusion of several aqueous agents (< or = 4 cc at 4 atm) into diseased swine iliac arteries following balloon angioplasty did not worsen existing or create new dissections. Histologically, infusion treated vessels did not differ in either model from vessels treated with angioplasty alone. We conclude that local intramural drug infusion does not create new, or worsen existing, dissections produced during standard balloon angioplasty in diseased vessels.
A novel germline mutation in the <i>MET</i> extracellular domain in a Korean patient with the diffuse type of familial gastric cancer (2003)

astric cancer is one of the most deadly cancers world wide. Although its incidence has declined in recent years, it is still the most prevalent cancer in Asian countries such as Korea and Japan. 1 Germline mutations of the cell to cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin (CDH1) have been reported in patients with the diffuse type of familial gastric cancer. 2 3 However, the frequency of CDH1 mutations is low overall 4 and the observed mutations differ between western and Asian patients. Truncating mutations (that is, nonsense, frameshift, and alternative splicing mutations) predominate in patients of western origin, 2 3 whereas only a few missense mutations have been found in patients of Asian extraction. 5 6 This suggested that CDH1 does not play a major role in gastric cancer development in Asian countries, and prompted researchers to investigate other gastric cancer causing genes.
Abstract P132: Blazing Saddles: The Brugada-pattern Electrocardiographic Characteristics in a Large Southwestern Teaching Hospital (2009)

Purpose: The Brugada syndrome has important clinical implications. As there is an increasing awareness of this disease state, the Brugada-pattern has been identified in many patients, often associa...
Controlling the Bonding and Band Gaps of Solid Carbon Monoxide with Pressure (2011)

We use a combination of a searching method and first-principles electronic structure calculations to predict novel structures of carbon monoxide (CO) which are energetically more stable than the known structures. The most stable forms of CO at zero pressure consist of metallic polycarbonyl chains with single and double bonds, rather than the familiar triply bonded insulating CO molecules. At pressures >2 GPa the most stable phases are semiconducting and insulating singly bonded three-dimensional framework and layered structures. We also find a molecular Pbcm structure which is more stable than the R3c structure proposed previously for the observed ϵ phase.
Mixed-Metal Strategy on Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Functionalities Expansion: Co Substitution Induces Aerobic Oxidation of Cyclohexene over Inactive Ni-MOF-74 (2015)

Different amounts of Co-substituted Ni-MOF-74 have been prepared via a post-synthetic metal exchange. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analyses indicated the successful metathesis between Co and Ni in Ni-MOF-74 to form the solid-solution-like mixed-metal Co/Ni-MOF-74. It was found that introduction of active Co into the Ni-MOF-74 framework enabled the inert Ni-MOF-74 to show activity for cyclohexene oxidation. Since Co was favorably substituted at positions more accessible to the substrate, the mixed-metal Co/Ni-MOF-74 showed superior catalytic performance, compared with pure Co-MOF-74 containing a similar amount of Co. This study provides a facile method to develop solid-solution-like MOFs for heterogeneous catalysis and highlights the great potential of this mixed-metal strategy in the development of MOFs with specific endowed functionalities.
A New Predictive Scoring System Based on Clinical Data and Computed Tomography Features for Diagnosing EGFR-mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma (2018)

The <i>EGFR</i> mutation risk scoring system based on clinical data and ct features is noninvasive and user-friendly. The model appears to frame a positive predictive value and was able to determine the value of repeating a biopsy if tissue is limited.
Elimination kinetics of different hydroxyethyl starches and effects on blood fluidity (1994)

In a single blind randomized cross-over study 6 volunteers each received infusions of 500 ml of 6 different types of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions. Between the test periods there was a regular wash-out phase of 3 months. The concentration and m
Power Efficient Division and Square Root Unit (2012)

Although division and square root are not frequent operations, most processors implement them in hardware to not compromise the overall performance. Two classes of algorithms implement division or square root: digit-recurrence and multiplicative (e.g., Newton-Raphson) algorithms. Previous work shows that division and square root units based on the digit-recurrence algorithm offer the best tradeoff delay-area-power. Moreover, the two operations can be combined in a single unit. Here, we present a radix-16 combined division and square root unit obtained by overlapping two radix-4 stages. The proposed unit is compared to similar solutions based on the digit-recurrence algorithm and it is compared to a unit based on the multiplicative Newton-Raphson algorithm.
Coloration, Anthocyanin Concentration, and Growth of Croton (Codiaeum variegatum L.) as Affected by Cotton Gin Trash Compost Use in the Potting Medium (2007)

Compost from cotton gin trash was evaluated as a peat substitute in Codiaeum variegatum L. production. Rooted cuttings were grown for 8 months in media containing cotton gin trash compost, sphagnum peatmoss, and perlite in 1:3:4, 1:1:2, and 3:1:4 ratios respectively, and their growth was compared with a control medium of 1 peat : 1 perlite (by volume). Even when 75% of peat in the control medium was replaced by cotton gin trash compost, plant height, leaf number, and leaf size were unaffected, whereas root dry weight was increased in the medium with 25% peat replacement. Although replacement of peat by cotton gin trash compost did not affect quantitative characteristics of croton foliage growth, it affected the foliage color, as plants in media with cotton gin trash compost had more areas colored red in their leaves. The increase of red coloration was proportional to the increase of cotton gin trash compost in the medium. The phenomenon was more intense in the lower leaves than the apical ones. Anthocyanin concentration measurements showed that the gradual increase of cotton gin trash compost level in the growth medium caused a gradual increase of the anthocyanin concentration in the leaves. This effect is discussed in relation to chemical properties of the media, as electrical conductivity, pH, and nutrient concentrations. The gradual increase of cotton gin trash compost level caused an analogous increase of N, P, and K concentrations in the medium. Also, media with cotton gin trash compost had high electrical conductivity at the beginning of the culture period, related to the cotton gin trash compost level, which was reduced to values similar to that in the control medium after 50 days of culture. Na concentration in the media ranged similarly to electrical conductivity. The pH was positively related to cotton gin trash compost level, and media with a high cotton gin trash compost level had increased pH during the culture period compared with the control.
Charge-Transfer-Driven Nonplanar Adsorption of F<sub>4</sub>TCNQ Molecules on Epitaxial Graphene (2017)

π-conjugated organic molecules tend to adsorb in a planar configuration on graphene irrespective of their charge state. In contrast, here we demonstrate charging-induced strong structural relaxation of tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F<sub>4</sub>TCNQ) on epitaxial graphene on Ir(111) (G/Ir(111)). The work function modulation over the graphene moiré unit cell causes site-selective charging of F<sub>4</sub>TCNQ. Upon charging, the molecule anchors to the face-centered cubic sites of the G/Ir(111) moiré through one or two cyano groups. The reaction is reversible and can be triggered on a single molecule by moving it between different adsorption sites. We introduce a model taking into account the trade-off between tilt-induced charging and reduced van der Waals interactions, which provides a general framework for understanding charging-induced structural relaxation on weakly interacting substrates. In addition, we argue that the partial sp<sup>3</sup> rehybridization of the underlying graphene and the possible bonding mechanism between the cyano groups and the graphene substrate are also relevant for the complete understanding of the experiments. These results provide insight into molecular charging on graphene, and they are directly relevant for potential device applications where the use of molecules has been suggested for doping and band structure engineering.
Dynamic-stability enhancement and reactive power/voltage control of a large-scale wind farm using a STATCOM (2010)

This paper presents the analyzed results of using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to perform both damping improvement and reactive power-voltage (Q-V) control of a large-scale wind farm (WF). The studied 80-MW WF consisting of forty 2-MW induction generators (IGs) is simulated by an equivalent 80-MW IG connected directly to a utility grid through an equivalent step-up transformer and an equivalent transmission line. Two damping controllers of the proposed STATCOM are designed by using modal control theory to contribute adequate damping to the studied WF. A systematic approach using a frequency-domain approach based on eigenvalue analysis and a time-domain scheme based on nonlinear model simulations is performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. It can be concluded from the simulated results that the proposed STATCOM with the designed damping controllers can not only render adequate damping characteristics to effectively stabilize the studied WF under a severe disturbance conditions but also maintain bus voltage and control the required reactive power of the studied WF.
rTMS as a Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease with and without Comorbidity of Depression: A Review (2013)

With an ever-increasing population of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients worldwide, a noninvasive treatment for AD is needed. In this paper, the application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulus (rTMS) as a treatment for patients with probable AD is compared to the application of rTMS as a treatment for depression. Comorbidity of depression and dementia is discussed, as well as possible links between the two diseases. The possible confounding antidepressant effects of rTMS on cognitive improvements in AD patients are discussed.
On the Performance of Lossy Compression Schemes for Energy Constrained Sensor Networking (2014)

Lossy temporal compression is key for energy-constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where the imperfect reconstruction of the signal is often acceptable at the data collector, subject to some maximum error tolerance. In this article, we evaluate a number of selected lossy compression methods from the literature and extensively analyze their performance in terms of compression efficiency, computational complexity, and energy consumption. Specifically, we first carry out a performance evaluation of existing and new compression schemes, considering linear, autoregressive, FFT-/DCT- and wavelet-based models , by looking at their performance as a function of relevant signal statistics. Second, we obtain formulas through numerical fittings to gauge their overall energy consumption and signal representation accuracy. Third, we evaluate the benefits that lossy compression methods bring about in interference-limited multihop networks, where the channel access is a source of inefficiency due to collisions and transmission scheduling. Our results reveal that the DCT-based schemes are the best option in terms of compression efficiency but are inefficient in terms of energy consumption. Instead, linear methods lead to substantial savings in terms of energy expenditure by, at the same time, leading to satisfactory compression ratios, reduced network delay, and increased reliability performance.
Highly Efficient Low-Voltage DC-DC Converter at 2-5 MHz with High Operating Current Using GaN Gate Injection Transistors (2014)

Highly efficient conversions from 12 V to 1.2 V are confirmed at 2-5 MHz with high output current by DC-DC converters using Gallium Nitride (GaN) Gate Injection Transistors (GITs). Reduction of the gate lengths of the GITs with optimized structure designs reduces the RonQg down to 19.1 mOmeganC, which is a figure-of-merit for high speed switching. The peak operating efficiency at 2 MHz reaches 90% together with high output current of 50 A by the single-phase operation. The operating frequency can be increased to 5 MHz by the GaN-based DC-DC converter with the peak efficiency as high as 81%, which cannot be achieved by existing Si-based converters.
Can a noninvasive measurement of magnetic flux be performed with superconducting circuits? (1990)

A gedanken experiment is described in which the noninvasive determination of joint probability densities for the magnetic flux linking a superconducting quantum-interference device is determined using variable threshold superconducting switches followed by superconducting magnetometers. As a result, it is demonstrated that an important prediction of quantum mechanics can be tested in principle against those of macrorealistic theories using superconducting circuits.
Fast-light enhancement of an optical cavity by polarization mode coupling (2014)

We present an entirely linear all-optical method of cavity scale factor enhancement that relies on mode coupling between the orthogonal polarization modes of a single optical cavity, eliminating the necessity of using an atomic medium to produce the required anomalous dispersion, which decreases the dependence of the scale factor on temperature and increases signal-to-noise ratio by reducing absorption and nonlinear effects. The use of a single cavity results in common mode rejection of the noise and drift that would be present in a system of two coupled cavities. We show that the scale-factor-to-mode-width ratio is increased above unity for this system, and demonstrate tuning of the scale factor by (i) directly varying the polarization mode coupling via rotation of an intracavity half-wave plate, and (ii) coherent control of the cavity reflectance which is achieved simply by varying the incident polarization superposition. These tuning methods allow us to closely approach the critical anomalous dispersion condition and achieve unprecedented enhancements in scale factor and in the scale-factor-to-mode-width ratio. Based on these findings, we propose an adaptation of the traditional optical cavity gyroscope that takes advantage of polarization mode coupling to enhance the gyro scale factor, and demonstrate how the bandwidth of the scale factor enhancement for this gyroscope can be effectively broadened in comparison with fast-light gyroscopes based on atomic media.Received 25 February 2014DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.89.053804©2014 American Physical Society