gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ARIES/KVL: A Key-Value Locking Method for Concurrency Control of Multiaction Transactions Operating on B-Tree Indexes (1990)

This paper presents a method, called ARIES/ KVL (Algorithm for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics using Key-Value Locking), for concurrency control in B-tree indexes. A transaction may perform any number of nonindex and index operations, including range scans. ARIES/KVL guarantees serializability and it supports very high concurrency during tree traversals, structure modifications, and other operations. Unlike in System R, when one transaction is waiting for a lock on a key value in a page, reads and modifications of that page by other transactions are allowed. Further, transactions that are rolling back will never get into deadlocks. ARIESIKVL, by also using for key value locking the IX and SIX lock modes that were intended originally for table level locking, is able to better exploit the semantics of the operations to improve concurrency, compared to the System R index protocols. These techniques are also applicable to the concurrency control of the classical links-based storage and access structures which are beginning to appear in modern systems also.
Theory combination: an alternative to data combination (1996)

The approach of combining theories learned from multiple batches of data provide an alternative to the common practice of learning one theory from all the available data (i.e., the data combination approach). This paper empirically examines the base-line behaviour of the theory combination approach in classification tasks. We find that theory combination can lead to better performance even if the disjoint batches of data are drawn randomly from a larger sample, and relate the relative performance of the two approaches to the learning curve of the classifier used. The practical implication of our results is that one should consider using theory combination rather than data combination, especially when multiple batches of data for the same task are readily available. Another interesting result is that we empirically show that the near-asymptotic performance of a single theory, in some classification task, can be significantly improved by combining multiple theories (of the same algorithm...
Body weight, concentration of plasma leptin and serum testosterone of rats in response to feeding of chitosan (2000)

Body weight, concentration of plasma leptin and serum testosterone of rats in response to feeding of chitosan
Identification of tumor markers using two-dimensional electrophoresis in gastric carcinoma (2004)

Nine protein spots overexpressed in tumor tissues as compared with noncancerous regions. In the next step, 9 tumor-specific spots were cut off from Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining gels, digested in gel with L-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK)-trypsin. Protein identification was done by peptide mass fingerprinting with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). In total, 5 tumor-specific protein spots corresponding to 5 different polypeptide chains were identified, including annexin V, carbonic anhydrase, prohibitin, fibrin beta and fibrinogen fragment D. Among these 5 spots, the potential significance of the differential expressions is discussed. CONCLUSION Differential expression analysis of proteomes may be useful for the development of new molecular markers for diagnosis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.
The Concurrence of Parietal Thinness with Postmenopausal, Senile, or Idiopathic Osteoporosis (1953)

Although thinness of the parietal bones has long been known in the anthropologic and pathologic literature, it has received relatively little attention from a roentgenologic point of view. In discussing the occurrence of this condition from antiquity to the present time, Wilson (7) mentioned that the case he described was the second to be reported in the United States, and the fifth in the world, with skull roentgenograms. The same year (1944) Camp and Nash (2) reported 119 cases indicating that this condition is not rare. No clinical importance has been ascribed to parietal thinness. It usually involves the posterior parasagittal regions and assumes either a rectangular “flat” or a sulcus-like “grooved” configuration, the former being more frequent. Information as to the pathologic appearance of parietal thinness is available mainly in the work of the older pathologists and is presented in considerable detail by Greig (3) in his admirable review. Ziegler (8) stated that no sharp line of demarcation could be seen between the depressions and the adjacent normal skull tables. Virchow (6) believed that parietal thinness started as a localized disappearance of the superficial layers of the external skull table and gradually progressed through it, the diploe, and on occasion the inner table of the skull. Immediately beneath the absorbed region the bone tissue was described as becoming more stratified than usual, sclerosis following apposition of the lamellar bone spicules in the diploic spaces. Schmidt (5) was impressed by the lack of osteoclasts and concluded that the process responsible for parietal thinness was one of diminished bone formation rather than increased bone destruction. Kaufmann (4) noted the coexistence of marked atrophic changes in the remainder of the skeleton, particularly the vertebrae, with parietal and temporal bone atrophy and ascribed the process to senile or marantic changes. The cause of parietal thinness has long been discussed, and no definite etiology has been determined. Virchow believed it to be associated with atrophy and senility. Greig proposed that a more universally applicable explanation was a dysplasia of the diploe, which, in these cases, had never developed in the parietal region, the latter remaining in the same state as the lower occipital bone, thin, semitransparent, and devoid of diploe. Greig discussed the various etiologic theories presented in the past, and excluded injury, inflammation, congenital causes, and senility as factors. The diploic dysplasia theory is accepted by Wilson and by Camp and Nash. Observations The present series of cases numbers 26. Parietal thinness was better identified as a rule on the frontal projections, but could be seen on lateral roentgenograms as well.
Learnable similarity functions and their applications to clustering and record linkage (2004)

Many problems in machine learning and data mining depend on distance estimates between observations, e.g., instance-based classification, clustering, information re-trieval, and record linkage in databases. However, the ap-propriate notion of similarity can vary depending on the par-ticular domain, dataset, or task at hand. Consequently, a large number of functions that compute similarity between objects have been developed for different data types, vary-ing greatly in their expressiveness, mathematical properties, and assumptions (Gusfield 1997; Duda, Hart, &amp; Stork 2001). Additionally, there exists a substantial body of research on feature space transformations that attempt to provide a more salient representation of data than the original feature space,
Fragile authentication watermark combined with image feature and public key cryptography (2005)

In this paper, a new invisible watermarking technique can localize tampered areas for image authentication is proposed, which skillfully combined with image feature and public key cryptography. A logo is embedded based on image feature and secret key as watermark for the integrity verification and localized tamper detection. The watermark extraction uses a public key corresponds to the private key in embedding procedure. The new scheme not only can resolve the security problem tailing most existing scheme to this day, but also permits public detection of the watermark by any person without the secure exchange of a secret key, which is very important in many applications such as trusted camera and Web image authentication. Theoretical analysis and experiment results demonstrate its outstanding performance above.
Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor–1 alpha determines sensitivity of endothelial cells to the proteosome inhibitor bortezomib (2006)

Angiogenesis is a complex, orchestrated process that plays a critical role in several conditions and has special relevance in the progression of cancer. Hypoxia is the major stimulus for angiogenesis, and hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) is its key mediator. We set up a novel in vitro model of HIF-1alpha up-regulation by treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with the hypoxia-mimicking deferoxamine (DFO) and found that this condition was sufficient to promote angiogenesis, like the well-known HUVEC model cultured under low pO(2.) The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which induces strong apoptosis in cancer cells, abrogated proliferation and angiogenesis of HUVECs when used at a high concentration (100 nM), yet promoted both functions at a low dosage (10 nM). This double-edged effect appeared to be mediated by differential effects exerted by the different concentrations of bortezomib on 2 master regulators of tumor-associated angiogenesis, HIF-1alpha and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). Significantly, when HUVECs were induced to express HIF-1alpha prior to bortezomib treatment, proliferative and angiogenic responses were abolished, and a greatly enhanced proapoptotic effect was promoted with both concentrations of the drug. These findings indicate that HIF-1alpha up-regulation may sensitize endothelial cells to the antiangiogenic and proapoptotic effects of bortezomib and might be exploited to target tumor-associated vessels in the course of antiangiogenic therapies.
Multiinstitutional home-therapy trial of recombinant human interleukin-2 and interferon alfa-2 in progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (1995)

In summary, this multiinstitutional home-therapy setting of SC rIL-2 and SC rIFN alpha 2 in patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma demonstrated drastically reduced systemic toxicity, while it confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of the low-dose SC immunotherapy combination schedule.
Micromechanics and Mems Classic and Seminal Papers to 1990 (1997)

Micromechanics is a rich, diverse field that draws on many different disciplines and has potential applications in medicine, electronic interfaces to physical phenomena, military, industrial controls, consumer products, airplanes, microsatellites, and much more. Until now, papers written during the earlier stages of this field have been difficult to retrieve. The papers included in this volume have been thoughtfully arranged by topic, and are accompanied by section introductions written by renowned expert William Trimmer
Spatiotemporal variability of winter wheat condition based on TM data and geostatistics (2005)

According to the ground resolution characteristic of Thematic Mapper (TM) image, we correspondingly measured the relative chlorophyll contents in four key developmental stages of winter wheat in the Lower plain of the Hai River Basin, North China, and explored their correlation with the reflected spectral values that can be obtained from TM image. Considering not only NDVI but also the relative content of the chlorophyll, 31 RS variables were selected and the relationship between the variables and the relative content of chlorophyll was established. Regression models were built for quantitatively predicting winter wheat growing condition from TM images. Also the spatiotemporal variability of the winter wheat growth status at heading and booting stages were analyzed by geostatictics approach. The correlated spatial variability of the relative content of chlorophyll existed in the case study area, and the range of correlative distance was from 145.4 to 320.0m. The spatially structured variances were between 75% and 21% of the total variances, and the empirical semivariograms in the four stages could be simulated in spherical models. The result showed that it is feasible to use TM data for real-time and highly accurate monitoring of crop growth status and nutrient management of farmland ecosystems.
Topology Agnostic Dynamic Quick Reconfiguration for Large-Scale Interconnection Networks (2012)

Toleration of faults in the interconnection networks is of vital importance in to days huge computer installations. Still, the existing solutions are short of being satisfactory. They require that the system defaults into a routing algorithm that is inferior to the original, either in terms of performance, or in terms of the need for virtual channels, or both. Furthermore, since support for dynamic reconfiguration is not supported in current hardware, existing methods require the system to be halted while reconfiguration takes place in order to avoid deadlocks. In this paper we present a method that efficiently generates a new routing function in the presence of faults. The new routing function only reroutes the traffic that is affected by the fault, so that the performance of the original routing function is preserved to the extent possible. No specific functionality in the switches is required, we only require exactly the same number of virtual channels in the presence of faults as the original routing algorithm did. Finally, the new routing function is compatible with the old one, so that deadlock free dynamic transition between the old and the new routing function is immediately available. This means that our solution can easily be implemented on current InfiniBand platforms, e.g. through the OFED software stack. We demonstrate that the method is workable for meshes, tori and fat-trees, and that it is able to guarantee one-fault tolerance for all of these topologies.
Can regeneration be promoted within the spinal cord? (2000)

Although regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) after injury is robust, regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) is abortive. The results from differences in the balance of regeneration inhibiting and promoting factors, which in the CNS is skewed toward inhibition while in the PNS it is skewed towards promotion of nerve growth. In addition to lacking regeneration promoting factor the CNS has the ubiquitous distribution of factors that inhibit regeneration. PNS Schwann cells release a number of characterized and uncharacterized neurotrophic factors that exert powerful regeneration promoting influences on axons in the PNS. Thus it has been hypothesize that implantation of Schwann cells, or infusion of factors they release into the lesioned spinal cord should lead to CNS regeneration. However, Schwann cell implants alone are not very successful in promoting CNS regeneration Although still limited, improved regeneration takes place when there is the simultaneously inhibition of CNS regeneration blocking factors and the presence of Schwann cell-released factors. To further improve the extent of CNS regeneration we must determine the best combination of neurotrophic factors to infuse into the site of a CNS lesion, as well as be able to characterize and block all CNS regeneration inhibiting factors. This review examines what is known about promoting and inhibiting regeneration in both the PNS and CNS, and the approaches that may allow us to change the cellular environment of the CNS to one that is permissive to and promotes regeneration.
382: Prevalence of and Health Care Seeking for Symptoms of Urinary Incontinence in a Multiethnic Community Based Sample: Results from the Bach Study (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Sunday, May 9, 2004, 8:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2004382: Prevalence of and Health Care Seeking for Symptoms of Urinary Incontinence in a Multiethnic Community Based Sample: Results from the Bach Study Carol L. Link, John B. McKinlay, and Jeanette S. Brown Carol L. LinkCarol L. Link More articles by this author , John B. McKinlayJohn B. McKinlay More articles by this author , and Jeanette S. BrownJeanette S. Brown More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)37644-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "382: Prevalence of and Health Care Seeking for Symptoms of Urinary Incontinence in a Multiethnic Community Based Sample: Results from the Bach Study." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 100 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 100 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Carol L. Link More articles by this author John B. McKinlay More articles by this author Jeanette S. Brown More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
0.5-V analog circuit techniques and their application in OTA and filter design (2005)

We present design techniques that make possible the operation of analog circuits with very low supply voltages, down to 0.5 V. We use operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and filter design as a vehicle to introduce these techniques. Two OTAs, one with body inputs and the other with gate inputs, are designed. Biasing strategies to maintain common-mode voltages and attain maximum signal swing over process, voltage, and temperature are proposed. Prototype chips were fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process using standard 0.5-V V/sub T/ devices. The body-input OTA has a measured 52-dB DC gain, a 2.5-MHz gain-bandwidth, and consumes 110 /spl mu/W. The gate-input OTA has a measured 62-dB DC gain (with automatic gain-enhancement), a 10-MHz gain-bandwidth, and consumes 75 /spl mu/W. Design techniques for active-RC filters are also presented. Weak-inversion MOS varactors are proposed and modeled. These are used along with 0.5-V gate-input OTAs to design a fully integrated, 135-kHz fifth-order elliptic low-pass filter. The prototype chip in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process with V/sub T/ of 0.5-V also includes an on-chip phase-locked loop for tuning. The 1-mm/sup 2/ chip has a measured dynamic range of 57 dB and draws 2.2 mA from the 0.5-V supply.
Processes of Removing Zinc from Water using Zero-Valent Iron (2015)

Zero-valent iron has received considerable attention for its potential application in the removal of heavy metals from water. This paper considers the possibility of removal of zinc ions from water by causing precipitates to form on the surface of iron. The chemical states and the atomic concentrations of solids which have formed on the surface of zero-valent iron as well as the type of the deposited polycrystalline substances have been analyzed with the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The BET surface area, the pH at point of zero charge (pH<sub>PZC</sub>), the ORP of the solutions, and the pH and chemical concentrations in the solutions have also been measured. Furthermore, the paper also considers the possibility of release of zinc from the precipitates to demineralised water in changing physicochemical and chemical conditions. In a wide range of pH values, Zn <sub><i>x</i></sub> Fe<sub>3 - <i>x</i></sub> O<sub>4</sub> (where <i>x</i> ≤ 1) was the main compound resulting from the removal of zinc in ionic form from water. In neutral and alkaline conditions, the adsorption occurred as an additional process.
Evaluation of energy deposition and secondary particle production in proton therapy of brain using a slab head phantom (2014)

It was found that for high energy proton beams the amount of escaped energy by neutrons is almost 10 times larger than that by photons. We estimated that at 110 MeV beam energy, the overall proton energy "leaked" from the head by secondary photons and neutrons to be around 1%.
Rethinking Task and Metrics of Instance Segmentation on 3D Point Clouds (2019)

Instance segmentation on 3D point clouds is one of the most extensively researched areas toward the realization of autonomous cars and robots. Certain existing studies have split input point clouds into small regions such as 1m×1m; one reason for this is that models in the studies cannot consume a large number of points because of the large space complexity. However, because such small regions occasionally include a very small number of instances belonging to the same class, an evaluation using existing metrics such as mAP is largely affected by the category recognition performance. To address these problems, we propose a new method with space complexity O(Np) such that large regions can be consumed, as well as novel metrics for tasks that are independent of the categories or size of the inputs. Our method learns a mapping from input point clouds to an embedding space, where the embeddings form clusters for each instance and distinguish instances using these clusters during testing. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance using both existing and the proposed metrics. Moreover, we show that our new metric can evaluate the performance of a task without being affected by any other condition.
Supervised Learning of Probability Distributions by Neural Networks (1987)

We propose that the back propagation algorithm for supervised learning can be generalized, put on a satisfactory conceptual footing, and very likely made more efficient by defining the values of the output and input neurons as probabilities and varying the synaptic weights in the gradient direction of the log likelihood, rather than the 'error'.
Multidimensional Distraction Osteogenesis (1994)

The principle of distraction osteogenesis, well-established in the enchondral bones of the axial skeleton, has recently been applied to the membranous bones (mandible, cranium) of the craniofacial skeleton in the experimental animal and in the human. In the craniofacial skeleton, however, the technique has been used only to lengthen bone in a direction along its major axis, i.e., unidimensional distraction. A canine model is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of distracting membranous bone away from its dominant axis, i.e., multidimensional distraction. Four mongrel dogs, 5 months of age, were the subjects of this study. Two osteotomies were made in the zygomatic arch, and the bone-lengthening device was fixed to the zygoma. After 7 days of external fixation, the osteotomized segment was lengthened 1 mm/day away from the long axis of the bone for 15 days. External fixation was then maintained for a minimum of 4 weeks, after which the dogs were sacrificed. Craniofacial CT with three-dimensional reconstruction documented multidimensional bone lengthening, and histologic analysis of the specimen confirmed the presence of new cortical bone in the expanded areas. Refinement in technique and miniaturization and internalization of the bone-lengthening device may allow for more precise changes in the amount and direction of lengthening, thus making distraction osteogenesis more widely applicable for use in the human craniofacial skeleton.
Generation of Isolated Attosecond Pulses with 20 to 28 Femtosecond Lasers (2009)

Isolated attosecond pulses are powerful tools for exploring electron dynamics in matter. So far, such extreme ultraviolet pulses have only been generated using high power, few-cycle lasers, which are very difficult to construct and operate. We propose and demonstrate a technique called generalized double optical gating for generating isolated attosecond pulses with 20 fs lasers from a hollow-core fiber and 28 fs lasers directly from an amplifier. These pulses, generated from argon gas, are measured to be 260 and 148 as by reconstructing the streaked photoelectron spectrograms. This scheme, with a relaxed requirement on laser pulse duration, makes attophysics more accessible to many laboratories that are capable of producing such multicycle laser pulses.