gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role for central ghrelin in food intake and secretion profile of stomach ghrelin in rats (2002)

Ghrelin, a 28-amino-acid peptide, has recently been isolated from the rat stomach as an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor. We have reported previously that central or peripheral administration of ghrelin stimulates food intake, and the secretion of GH and gastric acid in rats. In the present study, we investigated how much endogenous centrally released ghrelin is involved in the control of food intake and body weight gain. We also examined the profile of ghrelin secretion from the stomach by RIA using two kinds of anti-ghrelin antiserum, one raised against the N-terminal ([Cys(12)]-ghrelin[1-11]) region and one raised against the C-terminal ([Cys(0)]-ghrelin [13-28]) region of the peptide. The former antibody recognizes specifically ghrelin with n- octanoylated Ser 3 (acyl ghrelin), and does not recognize des-acyl ghrelin. The latter also recognizes des-acyl ghrelin (i.e. total ghrelin). Intracerebroventricular treatment with the anti-ghrelin antiserum against the N-terminal region twice a day for 5 days decreased significantly both daily food intake and body weight. Des-acyl ghrelin levels were significantly higher in the gastric vein than in the trunk. Either fasting for 12 h, administration of gastrin or cholecystokinin resulted in increase of both acyl and des-acyl ghrelin levels. The ghrelin levels exhibited a diurnal pattern, with the bimodal peaks occurring before dark and light periods. These two peaks were consistent with maximum and minimum volumes of gastric content respectively. These results suggest that (1) endogenous centrally released ghrelin participates in the regulation of food intake and body weight, (2) acyl ghrelin is secreted from the stomach, (3) intestinal hormones stimulate ghrelin release from the stomach, and (4) regulation of the diurnal rhythm of ghrelin is complex, since ghrelin secretion is augmented under conditions of both gastric emptying and filling.
Energy Efficiency Optimization for MISO SWIPT Systems With Zero-Forcing Beamforming (2015)

This paper considers a power splitting based multiuser multiple-input-single-output (MISO) downlink system with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, where each single antenna receiver splits the received signal into two streams of different power for decoding information and harvesting energy separately. Assuming that the most common zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming scheme is employed by the base station, we aim to maximize the system energy efficiency in bits per Joule by joint beamforming and power splitting under both the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio constraints and energy harvesting constraints. The energy efficiency optimization (EEO) problem is nonconvex and very hard to solve. In this paper, by exploiting the problem structure, we first simplify the EEO problem to a joint transmit power allocation and receive power splitting problem. Then, with a tactful reformulation, we propose a Lagrangian relaxation (LR) method coupled with Dinkelbach method to address the simplified EEO problem, whilst devising a nearly closed-form solution for the subproblems involved in the Dinkelbach method. It is proven that the proposed LR method is optimum under some condition and can guarantee at least a feasible solution, which is a notable advantage over the existing methods. Besides, we develop a low complexity EEO algorithm by proportionally distributing the total power to users. Finally, numerical results validate the excellent efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Base Bleed Technology in Perspective (1988)

The general fluid mechanic mechanism for flow about axisymmetric bodies (shell shapes) is reviewed, with reference to the very early experimental work (circa 1900) which resulted in determination over the subsonic−supersonic range of the drag−Mach number relationship. A numerical example of drag component values for one type of modern shell is presented, to illustrate the major significance of the base drag component. The long range 210mm Paris gun shell of 1918 is discussed, being of interest as perhaps, an outer bound to the envelope of shell trajectories (apogee : 43 km, range 127 km). The history of base injection studies is sketched briefly through early post−war work to the present systems. Various postulated wake flow models are discussed. Firing results for the minimum drag forebody projectile (commonly known as the ERFB projectile) are presented showing range increase with base bleed in the order of 30%.
A new architecture for packet switching network protocols (1989)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1989.
TRENDS IN ENGINE CONTROL (2003)

SUBTITLE: REUSE AND STANDARDS ARE ALTERING THE ENGINEERING OF SOFTWARE, WHICH REPRESENTS ONE THIRD OF THE TOTAL COST OF AN ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT.
DeepFuse neural networks (2019)

Generally, pre-trained backbone convolutional models for image classification are directly used as default backbone model for other tasks including detection and segmentation, so as to avoid training a new model from scratch. However, segmentation and detection frameworks need combining low-level and high-level features to boost performance. In this paper, we point out and prove that a simple fusion of low-level and high-level features is insufficient and defined an operation named DeepFuse as a generic family of building blocks for feature fusion. This building block can be plugged into any existing architectures and prevent overfitting effectively for region-level and pixel-level tasks. Based on the Mask R-CNN framework, we achieved a 1.9 AP improvement on the validation set of cityscape and a 1.7 AP improvement on the test set by the use of DeepFuse operation.
A 3D Molecular Visualization System with Mobile Devices (2011)

It is not very intuitive to manipulate objects visualized in 3-dimension by a mouse, because a mouse can only move in 2-dimension space. We propose an interaction technique to manipulate 3D objects by mobile devices with acceleration sensors. We have developed a 3D molecular visualization system which displays results of a simulation of the molecular dynamics method. In the system, we can rotate 3D objects by leaning a mobile device and change a viewing location by moving a mobile device. We discuss how we implement the interaction technique in this paper.
A 15-bit ΔΣ Capacitance-to-Digital Converter For Position Sensing with Electrically Floating Targets (2017)

This thesis presents a capacitive sensing technique which is suitable for measuring small displacements with one floating target electrode. A capacitive sensor interface, which does not require electrical contact with the target, while demonstrating performance comparable with the state-of-the-art, is proposed. The designed prototype is intended for displacement measurement with a measurement range from 10 µm to 100 µm, and a resolution better than 3 nm.<br/>The proposed design implants the sensor capacitor into the input branch of a capacitance-to-digital converter (CDC), which results in a simpler system that saves power and reduces the error sources.<br/>The CDC is taped out in the TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS process with Vdd = 1.8 V. The total chip area is 2.3 mm2 of which 0.5 mm2 is occupied by the CDC. In frequency range from DC to 2 kHz, the resolution of the CDC is thermal noise limited, whereas the quantization noise is shaped to higher frequency. After applying a low-pass digital filter with a bandwidth of 1 kHz, the dynamic range is better than 15 bits, corresponding to 3 nm displacement resolution.
A Noncooperative Model of Network Formation (2000)

We present an approach to network formation based on the notion that social networks are formed by individual decisions that trade off the costs of forming and maintaining links against the potential rewards from doing so. We suppose that a link with another agent allows access, in part and in due course, to the benefits available to the latter via his own links. Thus individual links generate externalities whose value depends on the level of decay/delay associated with indirect links. A distinctive aspect of our approach is that the costs of link formation are incurred only by the person who initiates the link. This allows us to formulate the network formation process as a noncooperative game. We first provide a characterization of the architecture of equilibrium networks. We then study the dynamics of network formation. We find that individual efforts to access benefits offered by others lead, rapidly, to the emergence of an equilibrium social network, under a variety of circumstances. The limiting networks have simple architectures, e.g., the wheel, the star, or generalizations of these networks. In many cases, such networks are also socially efficient.
Trabecular bone densitometry using interactive image analysis (1991)

Interactive image analysis is a novel application of digital image processing to the densitometry of trabecular bone. Briefly, the exposed surfaces of bleached slices of bone are illuminated so that the trabecular tips are bright in relation to the interstices. The image is then captured by a TV camera and digitized with an interactive image analysis system. A grey scale is then chosen that differentiates the bone at the surface from the background. Finally, a computer program calculates the area fraction of bone within a user-specified box which, by Delesse's principle, is an estimate of the volume fraction of bone. The reproducibility of the technique (expressed as an average SD) is +/- 1.5 vol. % and has surface-discriminating capabilities comparable to the traditional point-counting method but is faster and more precise. Most importantly, the technique permits biomechanical testing of the sample after its density has been determined.
An efficient method for loading /sup 111/In into liposomes using acetylacetone (1982)

The efficient loading of high levels of /sup 111/In into the inner aqueous compartment of liposomes can be achieved using a water-soluble lipophilic chelate, acetylacetone. The loading method involves the incubation of the acetylacetone-/sup 111/In complex with liposomes entrapping 1mM nitrilotriacetic acid. The loading process is carried out in isotonic saline, 10 mM Tris-HCI, pH 7.6, at room temperature. Results indicate that /sup 111/In ions are concentrated in the internal aqueous compartment of liposomes by acetylacetone, which mediates the transport of /sup 111/In ions across the outermost lipid bilayer of liposomes, permitting subsequent transfer to the encapsulated nitrilotriacetic acid. As much as 90% of the acetylacetone-chelated /sup 111/In becomes internalized in the aqueous compartment of liposomes and bound by entrapped nitrilotriacetic acid. Using liposomes made from bovine brain shingomyelin/cholesterol, our results indicate that the loaded liposomes retain the entrapped internally bound /sup 111/In even after incubation with serum at 37 degrees C for 24 hr.
A Novel Chromogenic Ester Agar Medium for Detection of Salmonellae (1999)

A novel agar medium, chromogenic Salmonella esterase (CSE) agar, for the differentiation of salmonellae is described. The agar contains peptones and nutrient extracts together with the following (grams per liter unless otherwise specified): 4-[2-(4-octanoyloxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-vinyl]-quinolinium-1-(propan-3-yl carboxylic acid) bromide (SLPA-octanoate; bromide form), 0.3223; lactose, 14. 65; trisodium citrate dihydrate, 0.5; Tween 20, 3.0; ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, 0.035% (wt/vol), novobiocin, 70 mg liter-1. The key component of the medium is SLPA-octanoate, a newly synthesized ester formed from a C8 fatty acid and a phenolic chromophore. In CSE agar, the ester is hydrolyzed by Salmonella spp. to yield a brightly colored phenol which remains tightly bound within colonies. After 24 h of incubation at 37 or 42 degreesC, colonies of typical Salmonella spp. were burgundy colored on a transparent yellow background, whereas non-Salmonella spp. were white, cream, yellow or transparent. CSE agar was evaluated by using a panel of strains including a high proportion of Salmonella and non-Salmonella strains giving atypical reactions on other differential agars. The sensitivity (93.1%) of CSE agar for non-typhi salmonellae compared favorably with those of Rambach (82. 8%), xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD; 91.4%), Hektoen-enteric (89.7%), and SM ID (91.4%) agars. The specificity (93.9%) was also comparable to those of other Salmonella media (SM ID agar, 95.9%; Rambach agar, 91.8%; XLD agar, 91.8%; Hektoen-enteric agar, 87.8%). Strains of Citrobacter freundii and Proteus spp. giving false-positive reactions with other media gave a negative color reaction on CSE agar. CSE agar enabled the detection of >30 Salmonella serotypes, including agona, anatum, enteritidis, hadar, heidelberg, infantis, montevideo, thompson, typhimurium, and virchow, which accounted for 91.8% of the salmonella isolates recorded by the Public Health Laboratory Service (Colindale, London, England) for 1997.
End-to-End Optimization of Deep Learning Applications (2020)

The irregularity of recent Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models such as less data reuse and parallelism due to the extensive network pruning and simplification creates new challenges for FPGA acceleration. Furthermore, without proper optimization, there could be significant overheads when integrating FPGAs into existing machine learning frameworks like TensorFlow. Such a problem is mostly overlooked by previous studies. However, our study shows that a naive FPGA integration into TensorFlow could lead to up to 8.45x performance degradation. To address the challenges mentioned above, we propose several SW/HW co-design approaches to perform the end-to-end optimization of deep learning applications. We present a flexible and composable architecture called FlexCNN. It can deliver high computation efficiency for different types of convolution layers using techniques including dynamic tiling and data layout optimization. FlexCNN is further integrated into the TensorFlow framework with a fully-pipelined software-hardware integration flow. This alleviates the high overheads of TensorFlow-FPGA handshake and other non-CNN processing stages. We use OpenPose, a popular CNN-based application for human pose recognition, as a case study. Experimental results show that with the FlexCNN architecture optimizations, we can achieve 2.3x performance improvement. The pipelined integration stack leads to a further 5x speedup. Overall, the SW/HW co-optimization produces a speedup of 11.5x and results in an end-to-end performance of 23.8FPS for OpenPose with floating-point precision, which is the highest performance reported for this application on FPGA in the literature.
Immiscibility of large and small symmetric diblock copolymers (1995)

We examine binary mixtures of large and small symmetric AB diblock copolymers using self-consistent field theory. In accord with experiment, we find that when the ratio of their polymerization indexes exceeds about 1:5, they become immiscible producing a coexistence between long- and short-period lamellar phases. As in experiment, the short-period phase contains few large diblocks, but the long-period one contains a substantial volume fraction of small diblocks.
Fast and efficient parametric modeling of contact-to-substrate coupling (2000)

This paper presents two rapid and yet accurate modeling methods for substrate coupling between a device contact and a substrate backplane. We discuss effects of physical parameters and geometrical characteristics of the contact and the substrate on the proposed models. We also derive model expressions for extraction of circuit-model elements of the substrate. Both methods are efficient for speed, memory usage, and adaptable to computer-aided design (CAD) tools for optimization tasks. The accuracy of both methods, the parametric modeling method and the microstrip line approximation method, is validated by comparing with the rigorous simulation data obtained from IE3D. Using the new models, we record a much higher speedup factor and extremely lower memory requirements compared to other published methods. The modeling methods are extended to two-layer structures and the models are applied to spiral inductors for verification purposes. In our research, we have validated the models over a wide range of frequencies up to 20 GHz.
Cross-coupled microstrip band reject filters with non-resonating nodes (2005)

A new design of cross-coupled band reject filters in microstrip technology is presented. In the proposed model, the source and the load are not directly coupled. Instead, non-resonating nodes (NRNs) are introduced in the network to generate the required number of attenuation poles and modularize the design. Higher order band reject filters are designed by cascading lower-order building blocks with NRNs inserted between them. A fourth order filter is designed, built and measured. Good agreement between theory and measurement is achieved.
Effect of Anionic Hydration on Counterion Incorporation in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study (2010)

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is widely used in organic electronics and biomedical device coatings because of its outstanding electrical properties and chemical stability. In our previous research, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the incorporation of various counterions into electrochemically polymerized PEDOT. In this research, XPS was used to further investigate the chemical composition of electrochemically polymerized PEDOT films to determine whether anionic hydration determined counterion affinity in a more systematic way. These counterions probed in this research included sodium citrate tribasic dIhydrate (Na3C6H5O7 2H2O), potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate (K3C6H5O7 H2O), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), sodium acetate trihydrate (NaC2H3O2 3H2O), sodium phosphate dibasic hepthydrate (Na2HPO4 7H2O), sodium phosphate monohydrate (NaH2PO4 H2O), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bromide (NaBr), lithium bromide (LiBr), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), and sodium nitrate (NaNO3). Various mixtures containing the above anions were also studied in detail. The thiosulfate was found to act as the dominate counterion for electrochemically polymerized PEDOT within every mixture it was present in regardless of the anionic charge, cation, or anionic hydration. From our systematic study, we deduced the general qualitative trend of PEDOT counterion affinity (from strongest to weakest) as: S2O32− > COO− (citrate), Br−, ClO4− > Cl−, COO− (acetate), CO32− > NO3− > H2PO4−/HPO42−. These results did not follow the Hofmeister Series rigidly, but some general trends were observed such as the dominance of Br− and ClO4− in all mixtures not containing thiosulfate, which matches the conclusions reported in our previous publication. The dominance of the S2O32− (hydrated) and citrate COO− (strongly hydrated) as well as the lack of NO3− (weakly hydrated) contributions were the major points of deviation from the Hofmeister series, suggesting that anion hydration alone is not the only factor determining PEDOT counterion affinity.
A new fault tolerant architecture for time sensitive automation networks (2014)

Networked control systems have been widely used in Industrial Automation since the latter part of the 20st century. Such networks have evolved from small systems with proprietary and slow Fieldbus technology to a much larger scope. Today, Ethernet-based automation systems encompass whole factories and carry large amounts of data traffic with differing latency requirements. Proprietary real-time Ethernet technologies such as Profinet IRT (Isochronous Real-Time) have demonstrated the feasibility of real-time Ethernet for even the most demanding applications such as functional safety and motion control. The drawback of these vendor-specific solutions is their dependence on proprietary ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) and their very limited compatibility to standard Ethernet and Bridging as defined by IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.3 and IEEE 802.1. Up to the present day, this has limited the widespread success of Ethernet as a real-time network solution. With the emerging AVB (Audio- and Video Bridging) technology, IEEE 802.1 has defined the first vendor-neutral real-time Ethernet, enabling the possibility of a standardised solution for Industrial Automation. However, the home automation scope in which AVB was developed leaves large feature gaps that prevent its adoption in mission-critical systems, for example the lack in support for faulttolerance technologies that are specific to Industrial Automation. These networks require built-in redundancy to prevent critical failures. While industrial-grade redundancy technologies are designed to support mission-critical automation with standard Ethernet, their combined usage with AVB mechanisms fails to meet many application requirements. This research work, carried out for the Advanced Development department of Hirschmann Automation & Control GmbH, investigates methods to enhance IEEE 802.1 AVB so it can be better used in networks that have firm fault-tolerance requirements. A requirement of particular interest is to enhance AVB so it can interoperate with any arbitrary and application-specific fault tolerance technology, so as to maximise its reach into new application domains. This work proposes an enhancement to the AVB Stream Reservation Protocol (SRP) to enable it to register communication streams over multiple network paths simultaneously. To verify the feasibility of the proposal, the protocol enhancement is implemented and verified by simulation within a detailed model of an Industrial Ethernet network. This simulation contains Ethernet switch and protocol models with behaviours and parameters that are based on existing products and specifications. This helps to ensure that the simulation results carry significance for real-world behaviour. This research also investigates the specific protocol requirements that are needed for the feasible use of the proposed solutions in future real-time network design, such as optimal methods to influence stream paths in relation to end-to-end latency and fault-tolerance.
Spatiotemporal Reconfiguration of Large-Scale Brain Functional Networks during Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness (2012)

Applying graph theoretical analysis of spontaneous BOLD fluctuations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated whole-brain functional connectivity of 11 healthy volunteers during wakefulness and propofol-induced loss of consciousness (PI-LOC). After extraction of regional fMRI time series from 110 cortical and subcortical regions, we applied a maximum overlap discrete wavelet transformation and investigated changes in the brain's intrinsic spatiotemporal organization. During PI-LOC, we observed a breakdown of subcortico-cortical and corticocortical connectivity. Decrease of connectivity was pronounced in thalamocortical connections, whereas no changes were found for connectivity within primary sensory cortices. Graph theoretical analyses revealed significant changes in the degree distribution and local organization metrics of brain functional networks during PI-LOC: compared with a random network, normalized clustering was significantly increased, as was small-worldness. Furthermore we observed a profound decline in long-range connections and a reduction in whole-brain spatiotemporal integration, supporting a topological reconfiguration during PI-LOC. Our findings shed light on the functional significance of intrinsic brain activity as measured by spontaneous BOLD signal fluctuations and help to understand propofol-induced loss of consciousness.