gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamics of soil immobilization in the immobilized soil bioreactor (1997)

Abstract The hydrodynamic characteristics of a new type of reactor, the immobilized soil bioreactor, were studied. This apparatus is a practical new engineering concept (soil immobilization) based on entrapment of soil particles, which contain pollutant‐degrading microorganisms, in the pores of a geotextile to activate the indigenous microorganisms. The soil immobilization is the third on the size scale of immobilization processes, coming after (1) that of molecules in heterogeneous catalysis (in Angstrom) and (2) that of microbial cells and their fragments in immobilized cells and enzymes biocatalysis (in micron). The size of immobilized soil particles is in the range of a millimeter. A mathematical model of liquid flow within the reactor is proposed, which qualitatively explains the distribution of the immobilized soil in space. The dynamics of soil immobilization within the bioreactor has been studied as a function of the particle size, initial slurry concentraion and air flow rate. A mathematical model of the process of soil immobilization was proposed based on deep filter mechanics. The process can be described by a second‐order kinetic model. This study will be of great importance for the design of immobilized soil bioreactors for degradation of recalcitrant soil pollutants.
Enabling wide-spread communications on optical fabric with megaswitch (2017)

Existing wired optical interconnects face a challenge of supporting wide-spread communications in production clusters. Initial proposals are constrained, as they only support connections among a small number of racks (e.g., 2 or 4) at a time, with switching time of milliseconds. Recent efforts on reducing optical circuit reconfiguration time to microseconds partially mitigate this problem by rapidly time-sharing optical circuits across more nodes, but are still limited by the total number of parallel circuits available simultaneously. In this paper, we seek an optical interconnect that can enable unconstrained communications within a computing cluster of thousands of servers. We present MegaSwitch, a multi-fiber ring optical fabric that exploits space division multiplexing across multiple fibers to deliver rearrangeably non-blocking communications to 30+ racks and 6000+ servers. We have implemented a 5-rack 40-server MegaSwitch prototype with commercial optical devices, and used testbed experiments as well as large-scale simulations to explore MegaSwitch’s architectural benefits and tradeoffs.
Histochemical demonstration of hydrogen peroxide production by leukocytes in fixed-frozen tissue sections of inflammatory lesions (1994)

The production of H2O2 by cells in cold paraformaldehyde-fixed frozen sections of inflammatory lesions was histochemically demonstrated by incubating them with diaminobenzidine (DAB) for 2 to 6 h. Catalase (150 micrograms/ml, about 1400 U/ml) inhibited the reaction, indicating that H2O2 was required to produce the chromogenic DAB product. Granulocytes (PMNs and eosinophils) were the main types of cells stained by the DAB reaction. Positive staining of macrophages was less frequent. The H2O2 was produced by metabolic enzymes that were still active after cell death and mild fixation. An atmosphere of 95 to 100% oxygen enhanced the specific DAB reaction, and an atmosphere of 100% nitrogen eliminated it. The DAB histochemical reaction to detect H2O2 requires the presence of peroxidases to produce the colored reaction product. Within our tissue sections, such peroxidases were evidently present in excess, because addition of low concentrations of H2O2 significantly increased the reaction product. Although some of the H2O2 produced by the granulocytes may have been derived from the dismutation of superoxide (O2-), the NADPH oxidase pathway for O2- formation did not seem to be involved: NADPH oxidase, a rather labile enzyme, should not be active after mild fixation, and diphenyleneiodonium (100 microM), an inhibitor of flavine-requiring NADPH oxidase, did not inhibit the reaction. Reactive nitrogen intermediates were also not involved, because NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, inhibitors of nitric oxide synthetase, did not appreciably inhibit the reaction. We conclude that stable, non-flavine-requiring oxidases, possibly cyclooxygenases or lipoxygenases, produced the H2O2 measured histochemically by our DAB reaction. These studies were made on tissue sections of acute dermal inflammatory lesions produced in rabbits by the topical application of 1% sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide] in methylene chloride. Both intact PMNs and disintegrating PMNs in the base of the crust produced H2O2. Despite the production of H2O2 and the presence of peroxidase activity, no tissue damage was seen microscopically near the H2O2-producing cells, which indicates that the tissues are well protected by the antioxidants present in this self-limiting inflammatory reaction.
Ventricular action potentials, ventricular extracellular potentials, and the ECG of guinea pig. (1985)

Action potentials were recorded from different regions of the guinea pig ventricle to characterize regional differences in waveform configuration, and to acquire insight into the generation of the T-wave of the electrocardiogram. Isolated tissue preparations were driven at 1 Hz, and microelectrodes were used to map accessible surface regions of the epicardium, endocardium, and septum. There were minimal differences in regional resting potentials (mean -87 mV) and amplitudes (mean 122 mV), but Vmax in the epicardium (mean 110 V/sec) was much smaller than elsewhere (mean 247 V/sec). The action potential duration at the -80 mV repolarization level was longest in the papillary muscles (mean 154 msec), shortest in the septum (mean 126 msec), and generally 10-15 msec longer at the base than at the apex. The characteristics of intramural action potentials were inferred from measurements on enzymatically isolated myocytes, the rationale being that most dissociated myocytes originated from intramural cell layers. The action potentials in about 40% of the myocytes had durations similar to those recorded from the tissue surface (110-170 msec), and the remainder ranged from 170-290 msec long. The existence of longer-than-surface action potentials in the ventricle was also inferred from the body surface electrocardiogram and from bipolar electrograms of isolated left ventricles. In both cases, the Q-T intervals could be accounted for only by action potentials longer than those recorded from the ventricular surface.
Targeting zebrafish and murine pituitary corticotroph tumors with a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor (2011)

Cushing disease caused by adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenomas leads to hypercortisolemia predisposing to diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, central obesity, cardiovascular morbidity, and increased mortality. There is no effective pituitary targeted pharmacotherapy for Cushing disease. Here, we generated germline transgenic zebrafish with overexpression of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG/securin) targeted to the adenohypophyseal proopiomelanocortin (POMC) lineage, which recapitulated early features pathognomonic of corticotroph adenomas, including corticotroph expansion and partial glucocorticoid resistance. Adult Tg:Pomc-Pttg fish develop neoplastic coticotrophs and pituitary cyclin E up-regulation, as well as metabolic disturbances mimicking hypercortisolism caused by Cushing disease. Early development of corticotroph pathologies in Tg:Pomc-Pttg embryos facilitated drug testing in vivo. We identified a pharmacologic CDK2/cyclin E inhibitor, R-roscovitine (seliciclib; CYC202), which specifically reversed corticotroph expansion in live Tg:Pomc-Pttg embryos. We further validated that orally administered R-roscovitine suppresses ACTH and corticosterone levels, and also restrained tumor growth in a mouse model of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas. Molecular analyses in vitro and in vivo showed that R-roscovitine suppresses ACTH expression, induces corticotroph tumor cell senescence and cell cycle exit by up-regulating p27, p21 and p57, and downregulates cyclin E expression. The results suggest that use of selective CDK inhibitors could effectively target corticotroph tumor growth and hormone secretion.
The autonomous bladder: a view of the origin of bladder overactivity and sensory urge (2004)

Incontinence and the generation of excessive sensory urges are common problems that can seriously influence the quality of life of both men and women. The underlying causes have in some instances been associated with uncontrolled bladder activity. However, the mechanisms generating such activity are still poorly understood and pharmacological tools to control it remain relatively ineffective. There are no effective treatments for bladder overactivity possibly because the bladder mechanisms are not understand or targeted. The purpose of this short review is to raise questions and re-visit ideas from some older possibly forgotten and neglected publications, but which may shed new light on this problem.
Fractional order capacitors (2008)

The performance of electrical devices, depending on the processes of the electrolytes, have been fully described and the physical origin of each parameter is well established. However, the influence of the irregularity of the electrodes was not a subject of study and only recently, this problem became relevant in the viewpoint of fractional calculus. This paper describes an electrolytic process in the perspective of fractional order capacitors. In this line of thought, are developed several experiments for measuring the electrical impedance of the devices. The results are analyzed through the frequency response, revealing capacitances of fractional order that can constitute an alternative to the classical integer order elements.
Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design (1997)

Wave backpropagation is a concept that can be used to calculate the excitation signals for an array with programmable transmit waveforms to produce a specified field that has no significant evanescent wave components. This concept can also be used to find the field at a distance away from an aperture based on measurements made in the aperture. For a uniform medium, three methods exist for the calculation of wave propagation and backpropagation: the diffraction integral method, the angular spectrum method, and the shift-and-add method. The boundary conditions that are usually implicitly assumed by these methods are analyzed, and the relationship between these methods are explored. The application of the angular spectrum method to other kinds of boundary conditions is discussed, as is the relationship between wave backpropagation, phase conjugation, and the time-reversal mirror. Wave backpropagation is used, as an example, to calculate the excitation signals for a ring transducer to produce a specified pulsatile plane wave with a limited spatial extent.
The small-molecule TNF-alpha modulator, UTL-5g, reduces side effects induced by cisplatin and enhances the therapeutic effect of cisplatin in vivo. (2011)

We investigated a small-molecule modulator of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), UTL-5g (also referred to as GBL-5g), as a potential chemoprotective agent against cisplatin-induced side effects including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity. Pretreatment of UTL-5g i.p. in BDF1 mice reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine induced by cisplatin treatment. The levels of both aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in these animals were also reduced by UTL-5g. Pretreatment of UTL-5g did not significantly affect the number of white blood cells (WBC) under current experimental conditions, yet it markedly increased blood platelet counts by more than threefold. Therapeutic assessment in SCID mice inoculated with human HCT-15 tumor cells showed that UTL-5g did not attenuate the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin but increased the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin. The LD50 of UTL-5g was determined to be > 2,000 mg/kg by an acute toxicity study. In summary, our studies showed that 1) UTL-5g significantly reduces nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin in mice, presumably by lowering the levels of TNF-alpha, 2) UTL-5g markedly increased blood platelet counts in mice and 3) UTL-5g treatment increased the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin against HCT-15 cells inoculated in SCID mice.
A Development of Application Service on the Peer-to-Peer based Virtual Home Platform (2007)

The peer-to-peer (P2P) networking is the service spreading between the user terminal (peer) without the separate server system through the direct exchange and the technology together sharing a resource. According to the development of the communications environment and high performance conversion of the personal terminal, the demand for the service interworking and contents share anytime and anywhere increases between the apparatus. Therefore, the virtual space providing the connection which does between the individual terminal equipment with seamless is comprised and the technology which searches a service and contents and which it shares between the instrument of the P2P mode is requested. We present a application platform based P2P virtual home middleware.
Poynting Vector Flow Analysis for Contactless Energy Transfer in Magnetic Systems (2012)

Most problems related to contactless energy transfer are usually dealt within the framework of transformer theory, employing equivalent electric circuits as a tool for their analysis. Here, however, a physics approach based on the Maxwell equations is followed. Electric and magnetic fields are utilized to evaluate the Poynting vector, which defines the direction and power density carried by the electromagnetic field. The concepts of magnetic voltage and magnetic flux are utilized to define the instantaneous power guided within the magnetic transmitter. Contactless energy transfer requires two separate parts, a transmitter and a receiver circuit. In this paper, we pay attention to the electromagnetic field guided and emitted by the transmitter; internal skin effect (eddy currents losses) is accounted for; electromagnetic energy leaving the transmitter is evaluated using short-dipole antenna theory. This paper does not offer a new practical application of contactless energy transfer. Its scope is rather different; its aim is to provide a fresh look on contactless energy transfer in the context of an electromagnetics framework.
Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding gibberellin 20‐oxidase from rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) seedlings (1997)

Degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on the amino acid sequences of gibberellin (GA) 20‐oxidases from pumpkin and Arabidopsis were used in nested polymerase chain reactions to generate an internal cDNA fragment from rice ( Oryza satiya L.) seedlings. Using this fragment as a probe, a full‐length cDNA (pOs20ox) was isolated from a cDNA library constructed from rice seedlings. The deduced amino acid sequence of Os20ox showed good identity (42–55%) with the GA 20‐oxidases from pumpkin and Arabidopsis . Recombinant Os20ox protein, produced in Escherichia coli , catalyzed the conversion of GA 12 and GA 53 to GA 9 and GA 20 , respectively. In contrast to the enzyme from immature pumpkin seeds, the recombinant rice GA 20‐oxidase did not produce the tricarboxylic acids GA 25 and GA 17 from GA 12 and GA 53 , respectively. The conversion rate of GA 53 was higher than that of GA 12 . which is consistent with the relatively high abundance of 13‐hydroxylated GAs in rice seedlings. Os20ox mRNA accumulated at higher levels in seedlings of two GA‐deficient dwarf mutants than in normal plants. Treatment with uniconazole‐P. an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, increased abundance of the mRNA, while exogenously applied GA 3 decreased it. These results suggest that the expression of the Os20ox gene is regulated by the level of physiologically active GA.
Review of the Evidence that Transcranial Electromagnetic Treatment will be a Safe and Effective Therapeutic Against Alzheimer’s Disease (2016)

We have demonstrated in multiple studies that daily, long-term electromagnetic field (EMF) treatment in the ultra-high frequency range not only protects Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice from cognitive impairment, but also reverses such impairment in aged AD mice. Moreover, these beneficial cognitive effects appear to be through direct actions on the AD process. Based on a large array of pre-clinical data, we have initiated a pilot clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of EMF treatment to mild-moderate AD subjects. Since it is important to establish the safety of this new neuromodulatory approach, the main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of evidence supporting the safety of EMFs, particularly through transcranial electromagnetic treatment (TEMT). In addition to our own pre-clinical studies, a rich variety of both animal and cell culture studies performed by others have underscored the anticipated safety of TEMT in clinical AD trials. Moreover, numerous clinical studies have determined that short- or long-term human exposure to EMFs similar to those to be provided clinically by TEMT do not have deleterious effects on general health, cognitive function, or a variety of physiologic measures-to the contrary, beneficial effects on brain function/activity have been reported. Importantly, such EMF exposure has not been shown to increase the risk of any type of cancer in human epidemiologic studies, as well as animal and cell culture studies. In view of all the above, clinical trials of safety/efficacy with TEMT to AD subjects are clearly warranted and now in progress.
ADAR2 A->I editing: site selectivity and editing efficiency are separate events (2003)

ADAR enzymes, adenosine deaminases that act on RNA, form a family of RNA editing enzymes that convert adenosine to inosine within RNA that is completely or largely double-stranded. Site-selective A-->I editing has been detected at specific sites within a few structured pre-mRNAs of metazoans. We have analyzed the editing selectivity of ADAR enzymes and have chosen to study the naturally edited R/G site in the pre-mRNA of the glutamate receptor subunit B (GluR-B). A comparison of editing by ADAR1 and ADAR2 revealed differences in the specificity of editing. Our results show that ADAR2 selectively edits the R/G site, while ADAR1 edits more promiscuously at several other adenosines in the double-stranded stem. To further understand the mechanism of selective ADAR2 editing we have investigated the importance of internal loops in the RNA substrate. We have found that the immediate structure surrounding the editing site is important. A purine opposite to the editing site has a negative effect on both selectivity and efficiency of editing. More distant internal loops in the substrate were found to have minor effects on site selectivity, while efficiency of editing was found to be influenced. Finally, changes in the RNA structure that affected editing did not alter the binding abilities of ADAR2. Overall these findings suggest that binding and catalysis are independent events.
Connecting micelles by metallo-supramolecular interactions: towards stimuli responsive hierarchical materials (2009)

A novel strategy to link block copolymer micelles via metal–ligand interactions, leading to hierarchical supramolecular networks is presented. The mechanical properties of the obtained materials can be tuned easily by the choice of the metal ions used. The strong networks exhibit a chemical and mechanical stimuli responsive behavior, with almost instantaneous recovery in the latter case.
Absorption of orally given digoxin preparations. (1972)

Digoxin absorption has been studied in four normal volunteers. Whereas the digoxin (Lanoxin) administered in an oral solution is completely absorbed, that in tablet form is only 75% absorbed. These results are obtained from the cumulative urinary excretion of digoxin rather than serum digoxin concentration curves since the digoxin radioimmunoassay is not sensitive enough to obtain valid data by the latter method. Since digoxin has a steep dose-response curve, a reduction in digoxin dosage is necessary when changing from oral tablet to parenteral administration to avoid the development of digoxin toxicity.
Enhancement of light extraction in ultraviolet light-emitting diodes using nanopixel contact design with Al reflector (2010)

We report on a nanopixel contact design for nitride-based ultraviolet light-emitting diodes to enhance light extraction. The structure consists of arrays of Pd ohmic contact pixels and an overlying Al reflector layer. Based on this design a twofold increase in the light output, compared to large area Pd square contacts is demonstrated. Theoretical calculations and experiments reveal that a nanopixel spacing of 1 μm or less is required to enable current overlap in the region between the nanopixels due to current spreading in the p-GaN layer and to ensure current injection into the entire active region. Light emitted in the region between the nanopixels will be reflected by the Al layer enhancing the light output. The dependence of the light extraction on the nanopixel size and spacing is investigated.
Effects of Oral Flora on Platelets: Possible Consequences in Cardiovascular Disease (1996)

During episodes of dental bacteremia, viridans group streptococci encounter platelets. Among these microorganisms, certain <sub>Streptococcus sanguis</sub> induce human and rabbit platelets to aggregate in vitro. In experimental rabbits, circulating streptococci induced platelets to aggregate, triggering the accumulation of platelets and fibrin into the heart valve vegetations of endocarditis. At necropsy, affected rabbit hearts showed ischemie areas. We therefore hypothesized that circulating <sub>S. sanguis</sub> might cause coronary thrombosis and signs of myocardial infarction (MI). Signs of MI were monitored in rabbits after infusion with platelet-aggregating doses of 4 to 40 × 10<sub>9</sub> cells of <sub>S. sanguis</sub> 133-79. Infusion resulted in dose-dependent changes in electrocardiograms, blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac contractility. These changes were consistent with the occurrence of MI. Platelets isolated from hyperlipidemic rabbits showed an accelerated in vitro aggregation response to strain 133-79. Cultured from immunosuppressed children with septic shock and signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation, more than 60% of isolates of viridans streptococci induced platelet aggregation when tested in vitro. The data are consistent with a thrombogenic role for <sub>S. sanguis</sub> in human disease, contributing to the development of the vegetative lesion in infective endocarditis and a thrombotic mechanism to explain the additional contributed risk of periodontitis to MI. J Periodontol 1996;67:1138-1142.
Optimization and enhancement of H&E stained microscopical images by applying bilinear interpolation method on lab color mode (2014)

Non-uniform illumination problems in H&E microscopical images can be corrected without compromising crucial details that are essential for revealing the features of tissue samples.
Modeling flow in pipes to detect and locate leaks using a state observer approach (2016)

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