gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing lipid rafts with proximity imaging: actions of proatherogenic stimuli (2005)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins have been shown to cluster in microdomains enriched in glycosphingolipids and cholesterol and represent a relatively selective marker of lipid rafts. In recent years, several attempts have been made to use fluorescent probes to nondisruptively label these domains in living cells. Here, we have transfected endothelial cells with a GPI-anchored thermotolerant green fluorescent protein (ttGFP) to show colocalization of this fluoroprobe with another marker of lipid rafts, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-1. ttGFP was used to quantify the cell surface area occupied by lipid rafts and to examine the effect of various proatherogenic signals on lipid rafts. Exposure of endothelial cells to asymmetric dimethylarginine and oxidized LDL (oxLDL), as well as oxidant stress, reduced the cell surface area occupied by lipid rafts. Next, the property of ttGFP to undergo a shift in absorbance depending on the clustering of these molecules was utilized to perform proximity imaging (PRIM). PRIM showed that nitric oxide (NO) increased the distance between GPI-anchored ttGFP molecules clustered in lipid-rich microdomains. This "unclustering" of GPI-anchored ttGFP was not reproduced by prooxidant signals and was due to reduction in membrane-cytoskeletal constraints on the lipid rafts. These findings suggested that two fundamentally different mechanisms modulate lipid rafts: 1) substance regulation of lipid rafts involving modification of cholesterol and sphingolipids and 2) structural regulation of lipid rafts through disruption of membrane-cytoskeletal interactions, switching off the spatial confinement of lipid rafts.
Generation of a Pool of Human Platelet Lysate and Efficient Use in Cell Culture (2012)

Human platelets represent a promising source of bioactive substances as growth factors not just for in vivo wound healing and tissue repair, but also for the expansion of human stem and progenitor cells in vitro. The replacement of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a standard culture supplement by human platelet-derived growth factors now allows for the GMP-compliant implementation of various cell therapeutics in the growing field of regenerative medicine.For this purpose a protocol for the preparation of human platelet lysate (HPL) by several freeze-thaw cycles has been developed, resulting in platelet fragmentation and the release of stored growth factors. By pooling up to 15 U of HPL derived from individual blood donors, a virtually standardized product is achieved. The depletion of platelet particles and fragments in a final centrifugation step reduces the risk of alloimmunization against platelet antigens and the formation of aggregates in cell culture.The successful application of pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) as a culture medium supplement for the ex vivo propagation of human mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) and endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs) indicates the feasibility of this animal serum-free source of growth factors. Further studies will evaluate efficacy and safety of pHPL.
Workflow on Mobile Phones (2008)

Mobile devices and services are rapidly becoming a common property. In this paper, we describe what this development implies in terms of usability of complex services. Management of workflow in the context of interactive services is focussed on. It is shown how to implement workflow on mobile phones, and how to increase the usability of complex services by application of two main categories of design guidelines are presented: Navigation and work flow, and Input and error handling. Ditto user interface design is demonstrated through a concrete case, the ‘mobile tax demonstrator’, which provides functionality for updating information required for tax calculations and consequently for ordering a new tax deduction card.
Queueing theoretic optimal scheduling for multiple input multiple output multiple access channel (2004)

In the framework of new services in wireless networks beyond the third generation, asymmetric and flexible uplink transmission schemes are highly desirable. Hence, especially in "data only" networks, an efficient uplink scheduling must not be neglected in the network design. Although not yet well covered in the literature, this area appears to gain importance especially in the face of high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) radio link design for future wireless systems. In this work we study an uplink scheduling scheme from the information theoretic and queueing theoretic point of view. The objective of the cross-layer (Goldsmith, A.J. et al., 2003) scheduling approach we present is the stability of bit-queues awaiting their transmission at every user node. With this approach is associated an optimization problem of maximizing the weighted sum of rates, where the weights express the intensity of packet-traffics at every user node. An important property characterizing our approach is considering only spatial channelization of users, i.e. allocating user signals within one successive interference cancellation (SIC) order fixed over a certain time interval T. We show, that despite this neglection of time sharing technique, it is possible to achieve an overall optimal stability achieving scheduling for every set of user rate weights. Furthermore, we show that the choice of the SIC-order allowing for the optimal scheduling is independent of user channels and that the associated optimization problem over transmit covariance matrices is convex.
Fatalities from blood transfusion (1980)

From April 3, 1976, to Dec 31, 1979, one hundred thirteen fatalities were reported to the Food and Drug Administration as a sequela of the transfusion of blood or blood products. Thirty-three fatalities were due to posttransfusion hepatitis, and three involved plasmapheresis or leukopheresis donors. The remaining 77 cases were of three categories: 47 cases (61%) were due to "clerical errors" such as drawing the wrong blood specimen or giving the wrong unit of blood to the patient; eight cases consisted of genuine errors that occurred in the laboratory; and 22 cases were due to miscellaneous problems, most of which were unpreventable. (<i>JAMA</i>244:1333-1335, 1980)
Optimal control of walking with functional electrical stimulation: a computer simulation study (1999)

Bipedal locomotion was simulated to generate a pattern of activating muscles for walking using electrical stimulation in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) or stroke. The simulation presented in this study starts from a model of the body determined with user-specific parameters, individualized with respect to the lengths, masses, inertia, muscle and joint properties. The trajectory used for simulation was recorded from an able-bodied subject while walking with ankle-foot orthoses. A discrete mathematical model and dynamic programming were used to determine the optimal control. A cost function was selected as the sum of the squares of the tracking errors from the desired trajectories, and the weighted sum of the squares of agonist and antagonist activations of the muscle groups acting around the hip and knee joints. The aim of the simulation was to study plausible trajectories keeping in mind the limitations imposed by the spinal cord injury or stroke (e.g., spasticity, decreased range of movements in some joints, limited strength of paralyzed, externally activated muscles). If the muscles were capable of generating the movements required and the trajectory was achieved, then the simulation provided two kinds of information: 1) timing of the onset and offset of muscle activations with respect to the various gait events and 2) patterns of activation with respect to the maximum activation. These results are important for synthesizing a rule-based controller.
Visible light optical coherence tomography for retinal oximetry (2014)

We presented the method of using visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) for retinal oximetry. We demonstrated for the first time in vivo OCT measurement of the arterial and venous oxygenation in retinal circulation.
Advanced Synthesis Technique for Unified Extracted Pole Filters (2016)

This paper proposes a novel and unified synthesis approach and design procedure for microwave filters with extracted pole and nonresonating node (NRN) technique. By introducing a general circuit topology, the traditional extracted pole and NRN filters can be unified to a general prototype. With the new design process, the exact mapping relationship between the electromagnetic (EM) model of the pole producing element and the circuit model can be achieved. All the physical dimensions of the filter structure can be obtained by a fully analytical approach. No full EM optimization or adjustment is needed in the filter design. A three pole TE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathrm { {101}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mode waveguide filter with one finite transmission zero is designed to illustrate the new procedure. In addition, a seven-pole TE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathrm { {011}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mode filter with four finite transmission zeros covering all three possible types of arrangements is designed and fabricated to demonstrate the versatility of the proposed method. The simulated and measured results verified the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed design method.
Quantum t-designs: t-wise independence in the quantum world (2007)

A t-design for quantum states is a finite set of quantum states with the property of simulating the Haar-measure on quantum states, w.r.t. any test that uses at most t copies of a state. We give efficient constructions for approximate quantum t-designs for arbitrary t. We then show that an approximate 4-design provides a derandomization of the state-distinction problem considered by Sen (quant-ph/0512085), which is relevant to solving certain instances of the hidden subgroup problem.
Use of Gas-Phase Fractionation to Increase Protein Identifications (2008)

Gas-phase fractionation (GPF), defined as iterative mass spectrometric interrogations of a sample over multiple smaller mass-to-charge (m/z) ranges, enables the ions selected for collision-induced dissociation to come from a greater number of unique peptides compared to the ions selected from the wide mass range scan in automated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. GPF is described as a means to achieve higher proteome coverage than multiple LC-MS/MS analyses of unfractionated complex peptide mixtures. It is applied to organellar proteomics through analysis of yeast peroxisomal proteins obtained from a discontinuous Nycodenz gradient fraction known to be enriched with yeast peroxisomal membrane proteins.
Computer-Vision-Guided Human Pulse Rate Estimation: A Review (2016)

Human pulse rate (PR) can be estimated in several ways, including measurement instruments that directly count the PR through contact- and noncontact-based approaches. Over the last decade, computer-vision-assisted noncontact-based PR estimation has evolved significantly. Such techniques can be adopted for clinical purposes to mitigate some of the limitations of contact-based techniques. However, existing vision-guided noncontact-based techniques have not been benchmarked with respect to a challenging dataset. In view of this, we present a systematic review of such techniques implemented over a uniform computing platform. We have simultaneously recorded the PR and video of 14 volunteers. Five sets of data have been recorded for every volunteer using five different experimental conditions by varying the distance from the camera and illumination condition. Pros and cons of the existing noncontact image- and video-based PR techniques have been discussed with respect to our dataset. Experimental evaluation suggests that image- or video-based PR estimation can be highly effective for nonclinical purposes, and some of these approaches are very promising toward developing clinical applications. The present review is the first in this field of contactless vision-guided PR estimation research.
Thermoelectric power measurements using analog subtraction (1977)

A simple, inexpensive analog subtraction circuit for measuring the Seebeck coefficient of semiconductors as a function of temperature is described. The circuit and an X-Y plotter are the only electronics needed to acquire the data. An accuracy of better than 1% can be achieved.
UV-Curable Adhesives For Optical Communications (1991)

Abstract UV-curable optical adhesive systems featuring refractive indices in the 1.45 to 1.59 region controllable to within 0.005 are developed using new fluoro-epoxies and fluoro-epoxy (meth) acrylates. These adhesives possess excellent refractive index matching with optical glass and optical fibres, and the joints exhibit high bonding strength and good durability. These high performance adhesives are readily applicable as optical adhesives in fabricating optical components, attaching fibres to optical waveguides, and splicing optical fibres for optical communications.
Analysis of optic nerve stroke by retinal Bex expression. (2006)

Bex immunoreactivity can be used to evaluate, ex vivo, the distribution of RGC cell bodies and their axons in the retina and rAION effects on RGC axonal loss. Thus, Bex can be utilized to evaluate both long- and short-term effects of optic nerve stroke and may play a significant role in regulating RGC functions in both the axonal and cell body components of RGC neurons.
Blockade of Tumor Necrosis Factor α Signaling in Tumor-Associated Macrophages as a Radiosensitizing Strategy (2010)

Most cancer patients receive radiotherapy during the course of their disease. Improvements in the therapeutic index have been based mainly on physical improvements in delivery, as radiosensitizer development to target tumor cells has yet to yield effective agents. Recent investigations have focused on the tumor stroma as a target for radiosensitization. Here, we report that depletion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMvarphi) by systemic or local injection of the macrophage-depleting liposomal clodronate before radiotherapy can increase the antitumor effects of ionizing radiation (IR), either as a large single dose (20 Gy) or as a fractionated dose (2 Gy x 10). Coimplantation of tumor cells with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMvarphi) increased tumor radioresistance. Studies using mice with germline deletions in tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1,2(-/-)) or TNFalpha (TNF(-/-)), or treatment of wild-type mice with a soluble TNF receptor fusion protein (Enbrel), revealed that radioresistance mediated by BMDMvarphi required intact TNFalpha signaling. Radiation exposure upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in macrophages and VEGF-neutralizing antibodies enhanced the antitumor response to IR. Thus, the radioprotective effect of TNFalpha was mediated by TAM-produced VEGF. Our findings offer a mechanistic basis to target macrophage populations generally or TNFalpha-induced macrophage VEGF specifically as tractable strategies to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy.
Importance of the Aromatic Residue at Position 6 of [Nle<sup>10</sup>]Neurokinin A(4−10) for Binding to the NK-2 Receptor and Receptor Activation (1999)

Steric and electrostatic requirements at position 6 of [Nle(10)]NKA(4-10), a full agonist of NK-2 receptors, for molecular recognition by the receptor were studied. Two series of peptide analogues, (a) p-substituted analogues, [p-X-Phe(6), Nle(10)]NKA(4-10), where X = F, Cl, Br, I, NH(2), NO(2), and (b) [D-Phe(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10), [Trp(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10), and [Chex-Ala(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10), were synthesized, and their biological activity was examined. Competition binding experiments with [(3)H]NKA were performed using cloned human NK-2 receptors expressed in CHO cells. Antagonistic and agonistic properties of the analogues were studied using an in vitro functional assay with hamster tracheal rings. The rank order of potency of agonists was [Nle(10)]NKA(4-10) approximately [p-F-Phe(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10) > [p-NH(2)-Phe(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10) > [p-Cl-Phe(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10) > [p-NO(2)-Phe(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10) > [Trp(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10). Size and planarity of the aromatic side chain were crucially important for the biological activity, whereas electron-donating and electron-withdrawing properties of the para-substituent were less important. The results favor the hypothesis that weakly polar pi-pi interactions exist between the aromatic group and the receptor.
Evaluation of Face Resolution for Expression Analysis (2005)

Most automatic facial expression analysis (AFEA) systems attempt to recognize facial expressions from data collected in a highly controlled environment with very high resolution frontal faces ( face regions greater than 200 x 200 pixels). However, in real environments, the face image is often in lower resolution and with head motion. It is unclear that the performance of AFEA systems for low resolution face images. The general approach to AFEA consists of 3 steps: face acquisition, facial feature extraction, and facial expression recognition. This paper explores the effects of different image resolutions for each step of facial expression analysis. The different approaches are compared for face detection, face data extraction and expression recognition. A total of five different resolutions of the head region are studied (288x384, 144x192, 72x96, 36x48, and 18Xx24) based on a widely used public database. The lower resolution images are down-sampled from the originals.
Pyrolysis kinetics for lacustrine and marine source rocks by programmed micropyrolysis (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrolysis kinetics for lacustrine and marine source rocks by programmed micropyrolysisRobert L. Braun, Alan K. Burnham, John G. Reynolds, and Jack E. ClarksonCite this: Energy Fuels 1991, 5, 1, 192–204Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00025a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00025a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views414Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Lysosomotropic Amines, Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine: A Potentially Novel Therapy for Graft-Versus-Host Disease (1997)

We have recently shown that the lysosomotropic amine, chloroquine, can inhibit the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) secondary to minor histocompatibility (MiHC) differences in mice. In addition, we have shown that both chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can inhibit T cell responses in vitro to minor and major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens. We review the rationale for the use of lysosomotropic amines, whose primary mechanism of action appears to be inhibition of MHC class II antigen presentation, as therapy for GVHD in humans. Used in low concentrations, these agents appear to have no direct effect on T cells either in vitro or in vivo although they may have a direct effect at higher concentrations. The lysosomotropic amines, at low concentrations, in combination with the T cell-specific agent, cyclosporin A, synergistically suppresses the T cell response to MiHC and MHC in mouse and in human. We present the initial data from the human clinical trials using hydroxychloroquine. We hypothesize that the lysosomotropic amines may have unique beneficial effects on immune reconstitution following bone marrow transplantation. The lysosomotropic amines, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, represent agents with unique mechanisms of action that may be used to control GVHD in humans.
The adjuvant activity of fatty acid esters. The role of acyl chain length and degree of saturation. (1981)

Water-in-oil emulsions of metabolizable fatty acid esters, with the non-toxic surfactant Pluronic L122 as emulsifying agent, potentiated the humoral response to bovine serum albumin and staphylococcal toxoid in the mouse. Adjuvant activity was increased by changing the chemical nature of the esters as follows: (i) using a series of ethyl esters, adjuvant activity appeared when the acyl chain length of the fatty acid component was 16 or greater; (ii) isobutyl and isopropyl esters of palmitic acid (C16:0) were superior to ethyl; (iii) the ethyl esters of oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids were better than stearic (C18:0). Since emulsions prepared with longer chain saturated esters are very viscous or solid at room temperature, and unsaturated esters are chemically reactive, emulsions were prepared with differing proportions of ethyl caprate (C10:0) and butyl stearate. At a ratio of 9:1 the emulsions possessed the low viscosity of ethyl caprate, but gained the adjuvant activity of butyl stearate. 125I-labelled BSA was retained in the footpad to a significantly greater extent than with a caprate emulsion, but reasons are given for believing that slow release of antigen is not the only mechanism of adjuvant activity. The ester emulsions caused more acute but less chronic local inflammation (footpad swelling) than Freund's incomplete adjuvant.
Egr-1 is Activated in Endothelial Cells Exposed to Fluid Shear Stress and Interacts With a Novel Shear-Stress-Response Element in the PDGF A-Chain Promoter (1997)

Exposure of vascular endothelial cells to fluid mechanical forces can modulate the expression of many genes involved in vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Here, we report that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain gene expression is induced at the level of transcription in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells exposed to a physiologic level of steady laminar shear stress (10 dyn/cm2). 5' Deletion analysis of the human PDGF-A promoter revealed that a GC-rich region near the TATA box was required for shear-inducible reporter gene expression. This element conferred shear inducibility onto a heterologous promoter-reporter construct that was otherwise unresponsive to shear stress. The induction of PDGF-A expression by shear was preceded by rapid and transient induction in the expression of the immediate-early gene, egr-1, which binds to GC-rich sequences. Gel shift studies indicated that shear-induced Egr-1 bound to the proximal PDGF-A promoter in a specific and time-dependent manner, displacing Sp1 from their overlapping recognition elements. Overlapping consensus binding sites for Egr-1 and Sp1 also appear in the proximal promoters of several other endothelial genes, including transforming growth factor-beta 1 and tissue factor, whose expression is modulated by shear stress. These findings define the Egr-1 binding site in the proximal PDGF-A promoter as a shear-stress-responsive element and suggest that shear-stimulated Egr-1 gene expression may be a unifying theme in the induction of various other endothelial genes exposed to biomechanical forces.