gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune Response Mediates Cardiac Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury (2018)

Cardiovascular complications are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this study, we investigated the possible role of the immune system in mediating cardiac dysfunction post-TBI in mice. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a TBI model of controlled cortical impact (CCI) with or without splenectomy (n = 20/group). Splenectomy was performed immediately prior to induction of TBI. Cardiac function was measured using echocardiography prior to and after TBI. Neurological and cognitive functional tests and flow cytometry and immunostaining were performed. TBI mice exhibited significant cardiac dysfunction identified by decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening at 3 and 30 days post-TBI. In addition, these mice exhibited significantly increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress at 3 and 30 days post-TBI, as well as cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and ventricular dilatation at 30 days after TBI. TBI mice subjected to splenectomy showed significantly improved cardiac function, and decreased cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and infiltration of immune cells and inflammatory factor expression in the heart compared with TBI control mice. TBI mice exhibited severe neurological and cognitive function deficits. However, splenectomy did not improve neurological and cognitive functional outcome after TBI compared with the TBI control group. TBI induces immune cell infiltration and inflammatory factor expression in the heart as well as cardiac dysfunction. Splenectomy decreases heart inflammation and improves cardiac function after TBI. Immune response may contribute to TBI-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Simultaneous estimation of elasticity for multiple deformable bodies (2015)

Material property has great importance in deformable body simulation and medical robotics. The elasticity parameters, such as Young's modulus of the deformable bodies, are important to make realistic animations. Further in medical applications the (recovered) elasticity parameters can assist surgeons to perform better pre-op surgical planning and enable medical robots to carry out personalized surgical procedures. Previous elasticity parameters estimation methods are limited to recover one elasticity parameter of one deformable body at a time. In this paper, we propose a novel elasticity parameter estimation algorithm that can recover the elasticity parameters of multiple deformable bodies or multiple regions of one deformable body simultaneously from (at least two sets of) images. We validate our algorithm with both synthetic test cases and real patient CT images.
Development of an alpha/beta/gamma detector for radiation monitoring (2011)

For radiation monitoring at the site of nuclear power plant accidents such as Fukushima Daiichi, radiation detectors not only for gamma photons but also for alpha and beta particles are needed because some nuclear fission products emit beta particles and gamma photons and some nuclear fuels contain plutonium that emits alpha particles. We developed a radiation detector that can simultaneously monitor alpha and beta particles and gamma photons for radiation monitoring. The detector consists of three-layered scintillators optically coupled to each other and coupled to a photomultiplier tube. The first layer, which is made of a thin plastic scintillator (decay time: 2.4 ns), detects alpha particles. The second layer, which is made of a thin Gd(2)SiO(5) (GSO) scintillator with 1.5 mol.% Ce (decay time: 35 ns), detects beta particles. The third layer made of a thin GSO scintillator with 0.4 mol.% Ce (decay time: 70 ns) detects gamma photons. By using pulse shape discrimination, the count rates of these layers can be separated. With individual irradiation of alpha and beta particles and gamma photons, the count rate of the first layer represented the alpha particles, the second layer represented the beta particles, and the third layer represented the gamma photons. Even with simultaneous irradiation of the alpha and beta particles and the gamma photons, these three types of radiation can be individually monitored using correction for the gamma detection efficiency of the second and third layers. Our developed alpha, beta, and gamma detector is simple and will be useful for radiation monitoring, especially at nuclear power plant accident sites or other applications where the simultaneous measurements of alpha and beta particles and gamma photons are required.
Effect of D.C. voltage application on ethanol fermentation (2011)

We have been trying to accelerate ethanol fermentation of yeast (Saccharomyces serevisiae). We observed the effect of D.C. voltage application on sugar content and the number of living yeast bacteria in liquid fermentation medium. The amount of sugar consumption by yeast in the medium with D.C. voltage application is larger than that without D.C. voltage application. The number of living yeast bacteria in the medium with D.C. voltage application is greater than that without D.C. voltage application. These results show that ethanol fermentation is accelerated by the D.C. voltage application.
Studies of Medium-membered Heterocyclic Compounds. II. Reaction of 5-Benzyl-4,6-dihydro-3,7-diaryl-1,2,5-triazepines with Halogenation-reagents (1975)

Treatment o f 5-benzyl-4,6-dihydro-3,7-diaryl-1,2,5-triazepine (3 o r @) w i t h bromination-reagents afforded e i t h e r 1-benzyl-4-arylimidazole (3 o r o r 3,6-diarylpyridazine (3 o r a) as the main product, depending on the reaction conditions.On the other hand, 93 reacted w i t h s u l f u r y l c h l o r i d e t o give 4benzylamino-3.6-diphenylpyridazine@.), while the reaction o f 3 w i t h chlorine gas afforded 5-chloropyridazine d e r i v a t i v e (q), which was e a s i l y obtained by f u r t h e r c h l o r i n a t i o n of 5.Although the reaction course f o r the formation of 2 i s not clear, the products 2 and can be accounted f o r by the pathway tri azanorcaradiene (Lg) .Loudon and young2 have demonstrated t h a t i n the treatment w i t h NBS 2,7-6 Pyridazine $ d i d not react with sulfuryl chloride.
The effect of monolayers on the rate of evaporation of H<sub>2</sub>O and solution of O<sub>2</sub> in H<sub>2</sub>O (1976)

The well-known effect of the retardation of evaporation by monolayers of surfactants has been investigated by laser interferometry and the appropriate conventional apparatus. The temperature drop caused by evaporation has been calibrated for several surfactants in general use for conserving reservoir waters and for lecithins considered to be part of living membranes. Rate of ingress of oxygen has been treated in the same way. The best performance was about 60% retardation of evaporation for the molecules that pack well. The behaviour for O 2 ingress retardation was very similar. The lecithins were suitably permeable to be able to act as a bilamellar layer cell membrane.
Methanol as cryoprotectant and the suitability of 1.2 ml and 5 ml straws for cryopreservation of semen from salmonid fishes (1997)

For salmonid semen, the cryoprotective action of 10% methanol was compared with a 5% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), 1% glycerol mixture, until now one of the most effective cryoprotectants. In Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), Salmo trutta L. f. fario, Salmo trutta L. f. lacustris and Salvelinus alpinus (L.), semen cryopreserved with both cryoprotectants yielded post-thaw fertilization rates of 90-100% of control with untreated semen at sperm-to-egg ratios of 1.8 × 106-2.4 × 106 spermatozoa per egg. However, at sperm-to-egg ratios of 0.9 × 106-1.2 × 106 spermatozoa per egg, semen cryopreserved with methanol had significantly higher fertilization rates than semen frozen with the DMSO/glycerol mixture. In other studies we obtained similar data for Coregonus sp., Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), Thymallus thymallus (L.) and Hucho hucho (L.), proving that methanol is the most effective and generally applicable cryoprotectant for semen of the studied salmonid species. To facilitate the insemination of large egg batches we investigated the suitability of 1.2 ml and 5 ml straws for deep freezing of semen of Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta f. fario, Salmo trutta f. lacustris and Salvelinus alpinus. With 1.2 ml straws the fertilization rates were similar to 0.5 ml straws when using lower freezing and higher thawing temperatures. The 5 ml straws resulted in a fertilization success of only about 40% of fresh semen control.
Laser Printing of Polymeric Materials (2006)

Electrophotography, the basis of photocopying and laser printing, is a reliable and well developed method of precisely depositing fine powders to form text or images. The process is highly adaptable to different types of materials; commercial toners are based on particular polymers but researchers have already shown the potential to deposit other materials including metals and ceramics. Once the powder layer has been deposited it can be heated to form a fused layer. This paper describes research conducted at DeMontfort University to develop a range of toners based on conventional engineering polymers and concludes by outlinning the challenges which will be tackled in the next phase of research.
GPCR kinase 2 interacting protein 1 (GIT1) regulates osteoclast function and bone mass (2010)

G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is a scaffold protein expressed in various cell types including neurons, endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle cells. The GIT1 knockout (KO) mouse has a pulmonary phenotype due to impaired endothelial function. Because GIT1 is tyrosine phosphorylated by Src kinase, we anticipated that GIT1 KO should have a bone phenotype similar to Src KO. Microcomputed tomography of the long bones revealed that GIT1 KO mice have a 2.3-fold increase in bone mass compared to wild-type controls. Histomorphometry showed increased trabecular number and connectivity suggesting impaired bone remodeling. Immunoblot analysis of GIT1 expression showed that it was expressed in both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteoblast activity and function assayed by alkaline phosphatase, mineral nodule formation, and in vivo calcein labeling were normal in GIT1 KO mice suggesting that the observed increase in bone mass was due to an osteoclast defect. GIT1 KO bone marrow cells differentiated into multinucleated osteoclasts, but had defective bone resorbing function on dentin slices. This defect was likely caused by loss of podosome belt based on immunofluorescence analysis and previous studies showing that GIT1 is required for podosome formation. Furthermore, we found that GIT1 was a regulator of receptor activator of NFκB (RANK) signaling since it was tyrosine phosphorylated in a Src-dependent manner and was required for phospholipase C-γ2 phosphorylation. These data show that GIT1 is a key regulator of bone mass in vivo by regulating osteoclast function and suggest GIT1 as a potential target for osteoporosis therapy.
Functional Dissection of P-glycoprotein Nucleotide-binding Domains in Chimeric and Mutant Proteins (1995)

We wished to determine if the two nucleotide-binding domains (NBD) of P-glycoprotein are functionally equivalent and interchangeable, and if not, which segments and amino acids are important for proper function of each NBD within the context of the C- or N-terminal P-glycoprotien halves. For this, we constructed and tested the biological activity in yeast and mammalian cells of a series of chimeric mdr3 cDNAs in which discrete domains of the N-terminal NBD (NBD1) were replaced by the homologous segments of the C-terminal NBD (NBD2). Although most NBD1 segments could be replaced without loss of P-glycoprotein function, exchange of small segments near the Walker B motif caused a dramatic reduction in Adriamycin, actinomycin D, and colchicine resistance in LR73 cells, as well as in FK506 resistance and STE6 complementation in yeast. Site-directed mutagenesis identified amino acid positions 522-525 (ERGA-->DKGT) and 578 (Thr-->Cys) as essential for proper function of NBD1 in the context of the N-terminal half P-glycoprotein. In addition, the observed phenotype of the mutants (altered drug resistance profile) suggests that these residues may participate directly or indirectly in substrate interactions and are possibly implicated in signal transduction from NBDs to transmembrane domains, the primary sites of drug binding in P-glycoprotein.
Tangential X-Ray Radiography for Pitting Geometry Analysis of Outside Wall of Insulated Steel Pipes (2020)

The piping systems used for the transportation of liquids and gases in power stations, petroleum petrochemical facilities, and chemical plants are significantly impacted by corrosive processes. One of the most destructive forms of corrosion is pitting corrosion, which produces holes on piping metal surfaces. Monitoring pit depth is necessary in order to prevent leakage in the piping system, especially during operation. However, measuring pit depth as a part of periodical inspections is complicated since the pit depth on the outside wall of a pipe may vary. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods such as ultrasonic, liquid penetrants, and magnetic particles are used to detect defects in industrial components; however, they first require the removal of insulation and the shutdown of the pipe system. Another alternative NDT technique, tangential radiography technique (TRT), offers a solution to this problem as tests can be conducted without removing piping insulation, allowing testing while the piping system is online. In this study, we tested TRT using an X-ray radiation source, which has good controllability (i.e., intensity and exposure time) and a lower impact on the human body than do γ-ray sources. We focused on the comparison of film density measurements using a density meter and a light meter. The magnification of pit diameter was used to obtain an equation for small-diameter pipes (i.e., diameter of less than 50 mm). The working voltage was varied (200, 230, and 260 kV) in order to generate appropriate X-ray energies to measure various pit depth (20, 40, and 60%, receptively) of a stepped steel pipe specimen. Film density measurements using the density and light meters showed similar results; however, the film density result using the density meter was more accurate. All tangential side edges of the specimen burned off for film densities above 3.5. Degrees of magnification (1.0123, 1.0254, and 1.0379) varied as a function of distance from the midpoint of the X-ray target (30, 60, or 90 mm, respectively). Using the results, a linear equation with three variables was obtained to determine the actual diameter of pitting: 0.000385436a + 0.038350128b + 0.000467083c = d; where the actual diameter = film diameter/d. High working voltage produced low film contrast, high film definition, and low scatter. Low working voltage produced high film contrast, low film definition, and high scatter. Based on our results, a working voltage of 260 kV is most appropriate for effective analysis.
LBRY: A Blockchain-Based Decentralized Digital Content Marketplace (2020)

Despite the critical need of publishing and consuming content online, a centralized content platform such as Amazon or YouTube may not always have their policy and practice aligned with the interest of their users and could be rent-seeking, censorious, and frequently exploitative, whereas a peer-to-peer solution such as BitTorrent may suffer from issues of content discovery, legitimacy, monetization, verifiable publisher identity, and poor user experience. In this paper, to improve significantly over both options, we propose a new approach called LBRY that enables a decentralized online content marketplace. In particular, it uses a blockchain to build a decentralized content platform controlled by the community, and allows its users to publish, host, find, access, download, and pay for content with ease. LBRY introduces a new naming scheme that gives users the full control of the names of their content, and uses a blockchain to not only support a digital currency (LBC) and transparent decentralized ledger, but also allow every user to access a synchronized name space and a global index of content metadata, thus supporting a new paradigm of digital content distribution. We detail how LBRY works in this paper, including how it designs its data structures for content, content metadata, and a novel content naming space; how it uses the blockchain to manage and synchronize the name space and implement an index for content metadata in order to support content sharing and purchase; and how it handles several issues in running LBRY.
Applicability of DUKPT Key Management Scheme to Cloud Wallet and other Mobile Payments (2014)

After discussing the concept of DUKPT based symmetric encryption key management (e.g., for 3DES) and definition of cloud or remote wallet, the paper analyses applicability of DUKPT to different use cases like mobile banking, NFC payment using EMV contactless card and mobile based EMV card emulation, web browser based transaction and cloud or remote wallet.
Vibratory gyroscopes using trapped-energy vibrators of rotated y-cut LiTaO/sub 3/ (2002)

We report on a trapped-energy type piezoelectric vibratory gyroscope using two orthogonal thickness-shear modes in a rotated Y-cut LiTaO/sub 3/ strip. The gyroscope is characterized by easy mount, no need of trimming, small temperature coefficient, and compact size. Calculated orientation dependence of various properties of two orthogonal thickness-shear modes shows that the 159/spl deg/ rotated Y-cut LiTaO/sub 3/ is the optimum cut for the gyroscope. Experimental results show that the measured temperature coefficient of the two resonance frequencies agrees well with the calculated ones and the resonance frequencies of two modes can be tuned finely by adjusting the vibrator dimensions to achieve a high sensitivity of the gyroscope. Measured gyroscope characteristics are also presented.
Quantitative detection of tumor M2-PK in serum and plasma. (1999)

The majority of tumors express an isoform of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase, the type tumor M2. The isoenzyme exists in an active tetrameric and a less active dimeric form. The dimeric form is strongly overexpressed in tumor cells and this new tumor marker is thus called tumor M2-PK. This isoenzyme is released from tumor cells and is quantitatively detectable in body fluids by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To establish the ELISA for the routine diagnostic in a clinical laboratory, the sample stability was evaluated. Therefore, blood samples were collected in different ways from healthy donors. Reproducibility of tumor M2-PK detection in EDTA-plasma was not affected by the day to day 'stress' in a clinical routine (e.g. shaking, leaving the samples at room temperature for several hours without prior centrifugation). Similar results were obtained with citrate-plasma, whereas detection in serum and heparin-plasma was only reproducible when the blood samples were centrifuged within 2 hrs after collection. It appears that lymphocytes contain small amounts of the tumor M2-PK isoenzyme. They might release tumor M2-PK in heparin-plasma and serum samples, but not in EDTA-plasma samples. The results indicated that EDTA-plasma appears to be most appropriate for the routine diagnostic of tumor M2-PK as a tumor marker.
Phase retrieval using two Fourier-transform intensities (1990)

We consider the problem of reconstructing either a one-dimensional or a two-dimensional signal from its Fourier intensity and the Fourier intensity of another signal that is related to the first by the addition of a known reference signal. Several theorems are given that give conditions under which a unique reconstruction is possible, and a recursive algorithm is provided that allows for the reconstruction of the signal from the pair of Fourier intensities.
Powder metallurgy : applications, advantages, and limitations : a project of the Powder Metallurgy Committee of the Mechanical Working and Forming Division of American Society for Metals (1983)

Powder metallurgy: applications, advantages, and limitations: a project of the Powder Metallurgy Committee of the Mechanical Working and Forming Division of American Society for Metals , Powder metallurgy: applications, advantages, and limitations: a project of the Powder Metallurgy Com... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Signal Design In The “Vibroseis”® Technique (1976)

Abstract After more than twenty years of field practice, the most widely used signal in the Vibroseis technique remains the original so–called linear sweep. To many, it seems that substantial improvement should be expected from taking advantage of more sophisticated signal design techniques. The purpose of this paper is to present a tutorial survey of the basic concepts involved in signal design, tying together the known features of the linear sweep with those of the more general type. Several particular types of nonlinear sweeps are analyzed and the results of a field test seem to confirm the conclusions drawn from the conceptual analysis. After a brief consideration of still another type of nonlinear signals, a particular variety of pseudorandom sweeps, the author concludes by giving his views of what might be the role of nonlinear signal design in the future development of the Vibroseis technique.
[Survival of Marburg virus infectivity on contaminated surfaces and in aerosols]. (1996)

Marburg virus was shown to survive for up to 4-5 days on contaminated surfaces. In aerosol it was not stable, the specific rate of its inactivation being 0.05 min-1. This brought the authors to a conclusion that a relatively close contact is needed for virus transmission from man to man, although the possibility of aerosol transmission of the infection may be appreciably increased in case of the hemorrhagic syndrome with a high level of viremia.
Influenza virus antigenic variation, host antibody production and new approach to control epidemics (2009)

Influenza is an infectious disease and can lead to life-threatening complications like pneumonia. The disease is caused by three types of RNA viruses called influenza types A, B and C, each consisting of eight negative single-stranded RNA-segments encoding 11 proteins. Current annual vaccines contain two type A strains and one type B strain and are capable of inducing strong antibody responses to both the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase. While these vaccines are protective against vaccine viruses they are not effective against newly emerging viruses that contain antigenic variations known as antigenic drift and shift. In nature, environmental selection pressure generally plays a key role in selecting antigenic changes in the antigen determining spots of hemagglutinin, resulting in changes in the antigenicity of the virus. Recently, a new technology has been developed where influenza-specific IgG+ antibody-secreting plasma cells can be isolated and cloned directly from vaccinated humans and high affinity monoclonal antibodies can be produced within several weeks after vaccination. The new technology holds great promise for the development of effective passive antibody therapy to limit the spread of influenza viruses in a timely manner.