gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atherosclerotic Plaque Macrophage Transcriptional Regulators Are Expressed in Blood and Modulated by Tristetraprolin (2006)

Circulating monocytes and plaque macrophages mediate inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We purified these cells from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for advanced atherosclerosis and examined their in vivo transcriptomes using the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) technique. We observed striking differences in transcriptional regulators as monocytes transformed into plaque macrophages in contrast to monocytes and lung macrophages from normal subjects. Consistent with its role in moderating inflammation, tristetraprolin (TTP, ZFP36) was among the most highly expressed macrophage transcriptional regulators. Interestingly, the mRNAs of a subset of the macrophage transcriptional regulators specifically interacted with TTP, revealing a network of genes that may be important in controlling macrophage inflammatory activity. Giving functional significance to this interaction, the knockdown of TTP increased both cognate macrophage gene mRNAs and inflammatory tumor necrosis factor protein release. In contrast, transient overexpression of TTP resulted in decreased levels of the same genes supporting its role in regulating macrophage gene expression. Together, our results indicate that the in vivo gene expression analyses of cells involved in pathogenesis can provide biological insights for functional studies with potential clinical implications.
Write error rate slopes of in-plane magnetic tunnel junctions (2012)

Understanding bit error rates of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is critical for designing reliable spin-transfer-torque magnetoresistive random access memory. In this letter, we study the write error rate (WER) of two types of in-plane MTJs with the same film stacks except for the free layer and the capping layer. By comparative analysis of these two MTJ splits that show significantly different WER characteristics, we find that reducing average switching voltages does not necessarily improve WER slopes, resulting in decreased write margins for a sufficiently low WER requirement. Various magnetic measurements suggest that WER slopes and slope asymmetries are more strongly correlated to spin torque efficiencies rather than thermal stability factors.
Monoclonal antibody 197 (anti‐FcγRI) infusion in a patient with immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) results in down‐modulation of FcγRI on circulating monocytes (1996)

A 44-year old woman with refractory immune thrombocytopenia purpura was treated with the murine monoclonal antibody 197 in a phase 1 trial. It vitro studies have demonstrated that the monoclonal antibody 197 (subclass IgG2a) binds to two distinct epitopes of Fc gamma RI, with the constant domain binding to the Fc-binding portion of the Fc gamma RI and the variable domain binding to a different epitope, resulting in crosslinking and modulation of this receptor. The monoclonal antibody 197 was administered on days 1, 3 and 5 at doses of 0.25 mg/kg, 0.35 mg/kg and 0.45 mg/kg, respectively. The fusions were well tolerated with transient facial flushing, and wheal-and-flare rash during the first infusion, which resolved with a slower infusion rate and the administration of diphenhydramine and acetaminophen. Although a marked clinical improvement did occur with resolution of oral ecchymoses and epistaxis after the first mAb infusion, the initial platelet count of 6 x 10(9)/I did not change appreciable over the 5 d course of monoclonal antibody treatment. Binding of fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibody 197 to peripheral monocytes showed a rapid and persistently decreased mean fluorescein intensity, indicated binding of administered 197 to the monocytes in vivo. Indirect staining for FcgammaRI using fluorescein-labelled goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin was also decreased, suggesting modulation of the receptor. The patient experienced monocytopenia which persisted throughout the 5 d of monoclonal antibody 197 therapy, but reversed following institution of intravenous IgG. These data indicate that intravenous monoclonal antibody 197 induces specific down-modulation of Fc gamma RI expression on monocytes.
Basic principles of donor management for multiorgan removal. (1991)

Prime quality organs are a scarce resource best fostered by widespread education of critical care physicians in the principles of donor management, and by the provision of expert donor teams (two surgeons, one anesthetist, one nurse) to set consistent high standards of care during organ retrieval.
Long-term administration of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin in two patients with cholesteryl ester storage disease (2001)

The study demonstrates that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are well tolerated drugs during long-term treatment of CESD patients and may help to prevent the development of premature atherosclerosis.
New Insights into Pelagic Migrations: Implications for Ecology and Conservation (2011)

Highly pelagic large marine vertebrates have evolved the capability of moving across large expanses of the marine environment; some species routinely move across entire ocean basins. Our understanding of these movements has been enhanced by new technologies that now allow us to follow their movements over great distances and long time periods in great detail. This technology provides not only detailed information on the movements of a wide variety of marine species, but also detailed characteristics of the habitats they use and clues to their navigation abilities. Advances in electronic tracking technologies have been coupled with rapid development of statistical and analytical techniques. With these developments, conservation of highly migratory species has been aided by providing new information on where uncommon or endangered species go, what behaviors they perform and why, which habitats are critical, and where they range, as well as, in many cases, better estimates of their population size and the interconnectedness of subpopulations. Together these tools are providing critical insights into the ecology of highly pelagic marine vertebrates that are key for their conservation and management.
Evolution of Structure and Function of Proteases (1967)

One of the striking features of the proteolytic enzymes as a group is the immense variety of biological functions served by enzymes employing one of a few basic mechanisms. For example, in the higher animals, enzymes for activation of zymogens (trypsin), for digestion of dietary proteins (trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase), for blood clotting (thrombin), for clot lysis (plasmin), and for sensing pain (kallikrein) all appear to use the same mechanism and to have evolved from the same ancestral gene by the process of gene duplication and subsequent divergent evolution. Equally striking is the variety of chemical solutions of the same functional problem, such as the peptide-bond cleavage by sulfhydryl proteases on the one hand and serine proteases on the other.
Divergent phenotypes in Gaucher disease implicate the role of modifiers (2005)

The wide clinical spectrum observed in the L444P homozygotes implicates the contribution of genetic modifiers in defining the phenotype in Gaucher disease.
Electro-optic properties of the organic salt 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-N′-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (1996)

We show that the organic salt 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-N′-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) is a very interesting material for electro-optic applications in the near infrared. The electro-optic coefficients, namely r111, r221, r331, r113, r223, and r333, were determined in the spectral range of 700 up to 1535 nm using optical samples cut from large high quality bulk crystals. DAST combines large electro-optic coefficients, e.g., r111=77±8 pm/V at λ=800 nm and r111=47±8 pm/V at λ=1535 nm, with low dielectric constants, e.g., ε1=5.2±0.4. This combination leads to large polarization-optical coefficients.
Azacytidine and Decitabine Induce Gene-Specific and Non-Random DNA Demethylation in Human Cancer Cell Lines (2011)

The DNA methyltransferase inhibitors azacytidine and decitabine represent archetypal drugs for epigenetic cancer therapy. To characterize the demethylating activity of azacytidine and decitabine we treated colon cancer and leukemic cells with both drugs and used array-based DNA methylation analysis of more than 14,000 gene promoters. Additionally, drug-induced demethylation was compared to methylation patterns of isogenic colon cancer cells lacking both DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and DNMT3B. We show that drug-induced demethylation patterns are highly specific, non-random and reproducible, indicating targeted remethylation of specific loci after replication. Correspondingly, we found that CG dinucleotides within CG islands became preferentially remethylated, indicating a role for DNA sequence context. We also identified a subset of genes that were never demethylated by drug treatment, either in colon cancer or in leukemic cell lines. These demethylation-resistant genes were enriched for Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 components in embryonic stem cells and for transcription factor binding motifs not present in demethylated genes. Our results provide detailed insights into the DNA methylation patterns induced by azacytidine and decitabine and suggest the involvement of complex regulatory mechanisms in drug-induced DNA demethylation.
Fast parasitic extraction for substrate coupling in mixed-signal ICs (2002)

Techniques for the fast extraction of substrate resistances in mixed-signal integrated circuits are presented. For a given process, a simple analytical model for point-to-point substrate impedance is determined during a preprocessing stage. A hierarchical extraction strategy is then employed using this simple analytical model in conjunction with a delimitation technique to quickly determine resistive coupling through the substrate on a cell-by-cell basis. The extraction procedure yields a resistive netlist which when simulated along with necessary parasitic capacitances and the circuit itself determines any performance limitations in the design due to substrate coupling. The extraction procedure has been used in the verification and redesign of a triple 8-bit video A/D converter IC for substrate-noise problems.
Matrine inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2011)

Matrine is the major active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Sophora flavescens, but the molecular mechanisms of matrine on tumor invasion inhibition remain unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of matrine on invasion ability of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B expression. The expression activity of MMP-9 was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and gelatin zymography analysis. The expression of NF-kappa B was measured by the Western blot analysis. Matrine significantly inhibited MMP-9 expression of SMMC-7721 cells. NF-kappa B inhibitor PTDC induced a marked reduction in MMP-9 expression, and it suggested that NF-kappa B could play an important role in MMP-9 expression. Furthermore, matrine significantly suppressed NF-kappa B expression and the invasion of SMMC-7721 cells. Our results showed that matrine inhibited MMP-9 expression and the invasion of human HCC cells. The inhibitory effects are partly associated with the downregulation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway.
Linearising sigma-delta modulators using dither and chaos (2002)

Recent work has shown that high-order single-bit sigma-delta modulators suffer from low-level artifacts such as idle tones and noise modulation. Techniques that have been proposed to reduce or eliminate these errors include the application of dither inside the one-bit quantiser loop, and selecting a loop filter which makes the modulator chaotic. This paper compares the efficacy of these two approaches by simulating high-resolution sigma-delta modulators suitable for audio-conversion applications. Dynamic-range penalties for successful linearisation are determined for two types of dither signal and two classes of chaos.
Selective O-demethylation of 7.alpha.-(aminomethyl)6,14-endo-ethenotetrahydrothebaine (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective O-demethylation of 7.alpha.-(aminomethyl)6,14-endo-ethenotetrahydrothebaineJoseph J. Kopcho and James C. SchaefferCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 9, 1620–1622Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00359a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00359a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views316Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Controlling the crystallographic orientation in ultrathin L1/sub 0/ FePt[111] films on MgO[111] underlayer (2001)

Controlling the crystallographic orientation in ultrathin FePt longitudinal media for ultrahigh recording density is discussed with introducing sputtered MgO[111] underlayers selected as a template for inducing [111] texture in the FePt films. The MgO[111] underlayers significantly enhanced the crystallographic texture of FePt[111] for films as thin as 10 nm or less. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) of FePt[111] reflection measured from XRD rocking curves and coercivity squareness (S*) confirmed the strong in-plane texture of the FePt films deposited on MgO(111) underlayers. FWHM and S* were 8/spl deg/ and 0.8, respectively. High coercivity of 3200 Oe could be achieved in films with very low M/sub r/t of 0.3 memu/cm/sup 2/ at moderate annealing temperature (/spl les/500/spl deg/C) which retained small grains.
The effect of amorphous Si on the epitaxial growth of CoSi/sub 2/ by Co/Si/Ti/Si solid state epitaxy (2002)

An amorphous Si layer was added for the reduction of Si consumption in the ultra-shallow junctions during silicide formation. The present experiments show an epitaxial CoSi/sub 2/ layer with good single-crystalline quality was grown by Co/Si/Ti/Si[100] reaction. By varying the thickness of interposed amorphous Si, its effect on the epitaxial CoSi/sub 2/ growth and self-aligned process was investigated. The film structure and crystallinity were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Rutherford backscattering (RBS)/channeling and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RBS/C shows that the channeling yield minimum of CoSi/sub 2/ formed by Co(15 nm)/Si(4 nm)/Ti(3 nm)/Si[100] reaction is 5.2%. It was also demonstrated that within a certain thickness range for the deposited Si, the self-aligned silicide (SALICIDE) contact structure can be formed by such a multilayer.
Use of the symmetrical number system in resolving single-frequency undersampling aliases (1997)

The relationship between the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the symmetrical number system (SNS) is examined as a means of resolving single-frequency undersampling aliases (f>f/sub s//2). It is shown that the DFT naturally encodes the frequency information of a signal in a format that is in the same form as the SNS. Consequently, aliases that result from undersampling a signal can be resolved exactly using r/spl ges/2 channels. To demonstrate the concept, two- and three-channel examples are presented. Using the SNS properties of the DFT, the undersampling aliases can be easily resolved to a much greater extent than previously possible.
Five Parallel Algorithms for Production System Execution on the DADO Machine (1984)

In this paper we specify five abstract algorithms for the parallel execution of production systems on the DADO machine. Each algorithm is designed to capture the inherent parallelism in a variety of different production system programs. Ongoing research aims to substantiate our conclusions by empirically evaluating the performance of each algorithm on the DADO2 prototype, presently under construction at Columbia University.
Shallow Information Extraction from Medical Forum Data (2010)

All in-text\treferences\tunderlined\tin\tblue\tare\tlinked\tto\tpublications\ton\tResearchGate, letting you\taccess\tand\tread\tthem\timmediately.
A MACROECONOMIC MODEL FOR INTEREST-FREE ECONOMIES: AN INTEGRATIVE STUDY OF WESTERN AND ISLAMIC ECONOMIC SYSTEMS (BANKING) (1985)

Until recently, practically all Muslim economies followed economic practices which contained elements alien to Islam. One alien factor is the practice of taking of interest in spite of its prohibition by Qur'an, the holy scripture. The issue of interest has been at the forefront of controversy in the Muslim economies since independence from foreign powers. Islamic scholars unanimously support the organization of the financial institutions on the basis of modaraba, a form of sleeping partnership. In modarabas, entrepreneurs and financiers agree on a profit-sharing ratio to share profits which replaces an interest rate. Interest-free financial institutions, based on modarabas, are operating among the occidental financial institutions in several countries. There are some countries such as Iran, Pakistan and Sudan who have adopted a completely interest-free financial system. The macroeconomic models employed for planning and development needs are interest-oriented developed by Classical and Keynesian economists. Obviously the macroeconomic models are not applicable in the interest-free economies and there is a need to develop models consistent with the interest-free financing. This study modifies a representative Western model into an equivalent interest-free model by incorporating an interest-free financial system. The interest-free model is analyzed to determine effects of fiscal and monetary actions. In addition, development prospects of the interest-free financing and the interest-based financing are compared for LDCs in inflationary environment. It is found that profit-sharing ratios play much the same role in an interest-free economy that is played by interest rates in a Western economy so it is possible to manipulate the profit-sharing ratio in an interest-free economy in place of interest-rates to achieve the policy objectives. It is concluded that, ceteris paribus, interest-free system better suits the inflationary LDCs than the occidental system because a closer link is created in investment activity.
Indoor Optical Wireless Power Transfer to Small Cells at Nighttime (2016)

The application of wireless backhaul communication and power transfer to outdoor small cells (SCs) could significantly decrease their installation cost. In this paper, the concept of indoor optical wireless power transfer to SCs is investigated in the absence of ambient light, i.e., during darkness hours. An experimental study is conducted by the use of up to four red laser diodes (LDs), a crystalline silicon solar panel and cell placed at 5.2 m. A value of 69% is measured for the fill factor of the solar panel. Also, a total power efficiency of 3.2% is measured for an optical wireless (OW) link with an average efficiency of two LDs of 26.8%, a solar cell efficiency of 13.3% and only 10.6% of geometrical losses. A comparison of this link with a state-of-the-art inductive power transfer system shows an improvement of the total power efficiency by 2.7 times. Another OW link is implemented with a divergence of full width at 36.8% of the peak intensity of 3 and 5.75 mrad along the small and large axes of the beam, respectively. The experimental levels of harvested power are in the order of mW, whereas approximately 1 W is required for the operation of a SC. Therefore, a 42 laser-based transmitter is designed both analytically and by the use of the simulation tool Zemax. The respective results show the feasibility of delivering 7.2 W of optical power to a solar cell of up to 30 m distance with geometrical losses of only 2%, but a beam enclosure is also required due to eye safety restrictions.
<title>Minimization of thermomechanical side effects and increase of ablation efficiency in IR ablation by use of multiply Q-switched laser pulses</title> (2002)

Large thermal damage zones have been observed after application of free-running holmium laser pulses inside the human body as, for example, for arthroscopic surgery. The aim of our study is to reduce thermal damage by increasing the ablation efficiency, and to achieve a smooth surface of the ablated tissue. For that purpose we use a multiply Q- switched thulium laser ((lambda) equals 2.0 micrometers , acousto- optical QS) that emits pulse series consisting of a pre- pulse of 40 mJ energy and up to 6 ablation pulses of 100 mJ each, separated by time intervals of 60 microsecond(s) . Q-switched laser pulses explosively ablate the target material. In a liquid environment, this leads to the formation of cavitation bubbles and to mechanical damage of the surrounding tissue. The pre-pulse of 40 mJ serves to minimize the cavitation effects, as it produces a small cavity that is then filled by the ablation products created by the burst of 100-mJ pulses. The pre-pulse creates, furthermore, a channel between fiber tip and target that reduces absorption losses in the liquid. Reduction of cavitation effects and channel formation are demonstrated by time-resolved photography. The use of a thulium laser instead of a holmium laser contributed to the desired reduction of thermal damage, because the penetration depth of the thulium laser light in cartilage (approximately 170 micrometers ) is only half as large as with the holmium laser.
[Less pain on injection by a new formulation of propofol? A comparison with propofol LCT]. (2001)

Propofol-MCT/LCT produced significantly less pain on injection when compared to standard propofol in ASA I and II patients undergoing elective surgery. Pain was also significantly less severe, with both effects presumably being due to the lower concentration of free propofol in the MCT/LCT-preparation. With regard to injection pain propofol-MCT/LCT offers significant a advantage over standard propofol.
Growth of epitaxial TiN thin films on Si(100) by reactive magnetron sputtering (1991)

Growth temperature was found to play a crucial role in determining the structure of stoichiometric TiN films deposited on Si(100) by reactive magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and reflection high-energy electron diffraction were used to show that films deposited at substrate temperatures Ts ranging from 700 to 1100 °C were polycrystalline, with either (100) preferred orientation or mixed (100) and (111) orientations. Films deposited using a two-temperature technique were epitaxial with the relationships TiN(100)//Si(100) and TiN[011]//Si[011] but with considerable misorientation. The most highly oriented films were obtained when 45 nm was first deposited at Ts =750 °C, followed by 250 nm at 1000 °C. High-resolution cross-sectional TEM studies showed that increasing the nucleation temperature above 750 °C led to random orientation of TiN lattice fringes relative to the Si lattice. This was explained by the small energy difference between oriented and misoriented TiN nuclei due to the large lattice mismatch (22%).