gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clustering based two-stage text classification requiring minimal training data (2012)

Clustering aided classification methods are based on the assumption that the learned clusters under the guidance of initial training data can somewhat characterize the underlying distribution of the data set. However, our experiments show that whether such assumption holds is based on both the separability of the considered data set and the size of the training data set. It is often violated on data set of bad separability, especially when the initial training data are too few. In this case, clustering based methods would perform worse. In this paper, we propose a clustering based two-stage text classification approach to address the above problem. In the first stage, labeled and unlabeled data are first clustered with the guidance of the labeled data. Then a self-training style clustering strategy is used to iteratively expand the training data under the guidance of an oracle or expert. At the second stage, discriminative classifiers can subsequently be trained with the expanded labeled data set. Unlike other clustering based methods, the proposed clustering strategy can effectively cope with data of bad separability. Furthermore, our proposed framework converts the problem of sparsely labeled text classification into a supervised one, therefore, supervised classification models, e.g. SVM, can be applied, and techniques proposed for supervised learning can be used to further improve the classification accuracy, such as feature selection, sampling methods and data editing or noise filtering. Our experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed approach especially when the size of the training data set is very small.
Association Between the D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene and Alcoholism (1991)

The idea that alcoholism is familial has been accepted for centuries. However,<i>familial</i>does not translate directly to<i>hereditary</i>. Studies on twins, raised together and apart (adoption studies), clearly show that there is a major genetic component to alcoholism. In fact, more recent studies on a total of 1775 children born to single mothers in Stockholm, Sweden, between 1930 and 1949, their adoptive families, and their biological parents have identified at least two of the following classes of alcoholics: milieu-limited (type 1) and malelimited (type 2). Although type 2 alcoholism is more frequent in men, their female siblings show an abnormally high prevalence of somatization disorder. Type 2 alcoholism is highly inheritable from father to son, regardless of environmental background. On the other hand, in the Swedish adoption study, the risk of type 1 alcoholism to siblings increased as a function of both biological family history and adoptive en<sup>-</sup> See
Continuing Medical Education: Vulvovaginal Atrophy: Current and Future Therapies (CME) (2010)

Potential new treatment methods show promise to provide efficacy in treatment while avoiding unwanted side effects. Further research is needed to establish optimal treatment formulations.
Application of Fourier Images to the Measurement of Particle Velocities (1974)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. H. C. Chan and E. A. Ballik, "Application of Fourier Images to the Measurement of Particle Velocities," Appl. Opt. 13, 234-236 (1974) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Two‐phase anaerobic digestion processes: a review (2002)

Abstract This review provides a detailed comparative summary of the recent and current research activities in the area of two‐phase anaerobic digestion processes. The acid phase and the methane phase are first evaluated, individually, from microbiological, kinetic and modelling, process optimization, operation and control, inhibition, and toxicity points of view. The overall process performance is subsequently evaluated as a whole. Finally, areas requiring further research are determined. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Discovery and Structure−Activity Relationship of Antagonists of B-Cell Lymphoma 2 Family Proteins with Chemopotentiation Activity in Vitro and in Vivo (2006)

Development of a rationally designed potentiator of cancer chemotherapy, via inhibition of Bcl-X(L) function, is described. Lead compounds generated by NMR screening and directed parallel synthesis displayed sub-microM binding but were strongly deactivated in the presence of serum. The dominant component of serum deactivation was identified as domain III of human serum albumin (HSA); NMR solution structures of inhibitors bound to both Bcl-X(L) and HSA domain III indicated two potential optimization sites for separation of affinities. Modifications at both sites resulted in compounds with improved Bcl-X(L) binding and greatly increased activity in the presence of human serum, culminating in 73R, which bound to Bcl-X(L) with a K(i) of 0.8 nM. In a cellular assay 73R reversed the protection afforded by Bcl-X(L) overexpression against cytokine deprivation in FL5.12 cells with an EC(50) of 0.47 microM. 73R showed little effect on the viability of the human non small cell lung cancer cell line A549. However, consistent with the proposed mechanism, 73R potentiated the activity of paclitaxel and UV irradiation in vitro and potentiated the antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel in a mouse xenograft model.
Optimal longitudinal control planning with moving obstacles (2013)

At intersections and in merging traffic, intelligent road vehicles must solve challenging optimal control problems in real-time to navigate reliably around moving obstacles. We present a complete planner that computes collision-free, optimal longitudinal control sequences (acceleration and braking) using a novel visibility graph approach that analytically computes the reachable subset of path-velocity-time space. We demonstrate that our method plans over an order of magnitude faster than previous approaches, making it scalable and fast enough (tenths of a second on a PC) to be called repeatedly on-line. We demonstrate applications to autonomous driving and vehicle collision warning systems with many moving obstacles.
Quercetin Dihydrate and Gallate Supplements Lower Plasma and Hepatic Lipids and Change Activities of Hepatic Antioxidant Enzymes in High Cholesterol-Fed Rats (2002)

This study was designed to test the lipid-lowering and antioxidant activity of two bioflavonoids, quercetin dihydrate and gallate. Four groups of rats were given a semisynthetic diet containing 10 g cholesterol/kg for six weeks. The control group received only a high-cholesterol diet, whereas the other three groups received a diet including 1 g lovastatin, 1 g quercetin dihydrate, or 1 g gallate/kg. The quercetin dihydrate and gallate supplements both significantly lowered the plasma lipid and hepatic cholesterol levels compared to those of the control. The hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity was significantly lowered by the quercetin dihydrate when compared to the other groups, while the hepatic acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity was only significantly higher in the control group. The overall potential for antioxidant protection was significantly enhanced by the quercetin dihydrate and gallate supplements through lowering the plasma and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and increasing the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in high-cholesterol-fed rats. These results suggest that the supplementation of quercetin dihydrate and gallate promotes an increase in fecal sterols, which in turn leads to a decreased absorption of dietary cholesterol as well as lower plasma and hepatic cholesterol.
Influence of nitrogen deficiency on senescence and the amounts of RNA and proteins in wheat leaves (1998)

Senescence‐associated coordination in amounts of enzymes localized in different cellular compartments were determined in attached leaves of young wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Arina) plants. Senescence was initiated at the time of full leaf elongation based on declines in total RNA and soluble protein. Removal of N from the growth medium just at the time of full leaf elongation enhanced the rate of senescence. Sustained declines in the amount of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39), and a marked decrease in the rbcS transcripts, just after full leaf elongation indicated that Rubisco synthesis/degradation was very sensitive to the onset of senescence. Rubisco activase amount also declined during senescence but the proportion of rca transcript relative to the total poly A RNA pool increased 3‐fold during senescence. Thus, continued synthesis of activase may be required to maintain functional Rubisco throughout senescence. N stress led to declines in the amount of proteins located in the chloroplast, the peroxisome and the cytosol. Transcripts of the Clp protease subunits also declined in response to N stress, indicating that Clp is not a senescence‐specific protease. In contrast to the other proteins, mitochondrial NADH‐glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2) was relatively stable during senescence and was not affected by N stress. During natural senescence with adequate plant nitrate supply the amount of nitrite reductase (EC 1.7.7.1) increased, and those of glutamine synthetase (EC 1.4.7.1) and glutamate synthase (EC 6.3.1.2) were stable. These results indicated that N assimilatory capacity can continue or even increase during senescence if the substrate supply is maintained. Differential stabilities of proteins, even within the same cellular compartment, indicate that proteolytic activity during senescence must be highly regulated.
Trimethylamine-Borane as Useful Reagent in the<i>N</i>-Acylation or<i>N</i>-Alkylation of Amines by Carboxylic Acids (1983)

Par reaction d'amines primaires et secondaires avec des acides carboxyliques en presence de (CH 3 ) 3 N-BH 3 , obtention de carboxamides et d'amines tertiaires
Introduction (2020)

This volume honors the extraordinary career of Thomas Hertel (hereinafter “Tom”). It also celebrates the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) by Tom. All of those contributing to this volume have benefitted in some way from the selfless professional generosity and dedication to scientific public goods that have been hallmarks of Tom’s career. The contributors include both Tom’s students and colleagues…
Zur Geschichte der Cyanursäureäther (1886)

Die Beschaftigung mit der Sulfocyanursaure, f i r deren Darstellung der durch Polymerisation des Methylsulfocyanats gewonnene Methyllither Ausgangspunkt gewesen ist, hat mich mehrfach an die Versuche erinnert, welche ich vor bereits geraumer Zeit in Gemeinschaft mit 0. O l s h a u s e n 1) iiber die durch Polymerisation der von C l o a z entdeckten soienannten Cyanatholine entstehenden normalen Cyanursaurelither angestellt habe.Die nahen Beziehungen, welche zwischen den Aethern der Sulfocyanursaure und Cyanursaure obwalten, sind Veranlassung zu einigen neuen Versuchen iiber die letztgenannte Kiirperklasse gewesen, welche die friiheren Mittheilungen iiber diesen Gegenstand, snweit dies nicht durch die inzwischen erschienenen umfangreichen Arbeiten von Mu I d e r vonP o n o m a r e f f3) und vonCla8sson*) bereits geschehen ist, erganzen sollen.Die gemeinschaftlich mit 0 1 s h a u e n ausgefihrten Versuche beziehen sich vorzugsweise auf die Einwirkung des Chlorcyans auf Natriummethylat.Die Untersuchung ist aber auch auf die Aethyl-, Amyl-und Phenylreihe ausgedehnt worden.Die Versuche in der Methplreihe anlangend, hatten wir gefunden, dass ein in erster Linie gebildetes Oel sich bald in eine krystallinische Masse verwandelt , welche irn Wesentlichen aus dem normalen Cyanursauremethylather, ( C S :N)3 (OCH3)3 (Schmelzpunkt 1320, Siedepunkt 160 -1700?), und dem Dimethylather einer Amidocyanursaure, (C! :N)3(OCH3)4(NH2) (Schmelzpunkt 2120), besteht.Das bemerkenswertheste Ergebniss aber war, dass der normale Cyanursauremethylather vom Schmelzpunkt 1320 beim Erhitzen in den altbekannten Isocyanursauremethylather vom Schmelzpunkt 1730 iibergeht.Bei dern Versuche in der Aethylreihe war es uns nicht gelungen, den normalen Triathylcyanursaureiitiither, (C: =N)s(O & H5)3, zu erhalten, indem sich stets eine Mischung in wechselnder Yenge des Diathylathers einer Amidocyanursaure, (Ci EN)3(OGH&NH8 (Schmelzpunkt 97O), und des Aethylathers einer Diamidocyanursaure, (CE :N)3 0 G H a (N H& (Schmelzpunkt 190-2000), bildete.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ploidy of Core Biopsies and Metastatic Lymph Nodes of Prostate Cancer Patients: Impact On Time to Progression (1993)

We studied 98 patients with locally confined but lymph node positive prostatic cancer (1 stage T1, 29 stage T2, 55 stage T3 and 2 stage T4) who were not treated by radical prostatectomy. A retrospective analysis was done of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy of pretreatment core biopsies of the primary tumor and lymph node metastases. While DNA ploidy has been shown to be an important prognostic factor if applied to radical prostatectomy specimens, core biopsy specimens and nodal metastases have rarely been studied. Of the 98 patients 87 were evaluable for DNA ploidy: 45 (52%) had diploid, 13 (15%) had tetraploid and 29 (33%) had aneuploid tumors. The ploidy of the primary tumor and of the lymph node metastases correlated significantly with the rate of progression and interval to progression. Also, significant correlations were noted between the percentages of cells in the S phase or S plus G2 phases of the cell cycle and interval to progression. Most patients in this study are part of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer protocol 30846, a prospective randomized study of early versus delayed treatment in lymph node positive, otherwise locally confined prostate cancer. This study is ongoing. Early endocrine treatment was associated with a significantly longer interval to progression. In a Cox regression analysis of the prognostic factors involved in this study, early endocrine treatment was more important than ploidy or proliferation patterns. Stage (T category) and histopathological grade did not show a correlation with progression. Followup is still too short and the numbers of patients are too small for relevant subgroup analysis. DNA ploidy measurement by flow cytometry on archival (paraffin embedded) core biopsy and lymph node material is possible, and produces meaningful results in predicting the prognosis of prostatic cancer. Since this information can be made available before treatment decisions, its exact value in the management of locally confined prostate cancer can be determined.
A Versatile Linker for Nontoxic Polyamine-Mediated DNA Transfection (2002)

Low levels of transfection efficacy and lipid-associated cytotoxicity have complicated the use of cationic lipids to facilitate transfer of exogenous DNA to eukaryotic cells. To address these issues, we synthesized a panel of six tetraester polyamines that were designed to minimize cytotoxicity by using pentaerythritol to link the hydrophobic and the DNA-binding domains. We conducted this study to probe the effects of structural modifications around pentaerythritol as a linker on transfection activity and cell viability. We compared polyamines against commercial lipid reagents using luciferase and green fluorescent protein transfection assays in both CHO and NIH3T3 cells. Measurement of transfection activity and cytotoxicity using flow cytometry showed that the more active polyamine analogs exhibited activities comparable to LipofectAMINE PLUS and TransFast. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that all the pentaerythritol-based polyamines were uniformly nontoxic, whereas transfection activity was dependent on headgroup and sidechain composition. These results demonstrate that pentaerythritol is a useful core material for the development of active, nontoxic transfection agents.
Improving Locality of BitTorrent with ISP Cooperation (2009)

The P2P flows have occupied the dominating network bandwidth in current Internet and have increased the operation cost of ISP due to abundant flows between different ISPs. An important issue under research is how to make P2P be ISP-friendliness when they are competing with other applications. In this paper, we take BitTorrent as a popular P2P application example and propose a scheme based on ISP cooperation to improve locality of BitTorrent. This scheme confines the flows of BitTorrent inside ISP as many as possible to reduce the cost of flows between different ISPs. The simulation results of our prototype shows that this scheme reduces the load of the link between ISPs while it also decreases the download time of BitTorrent. This scheme can be used as reference to other P2P applications to deal with ISP-friendliness issue.
Dietary (−)-epicatechin as a potent inhibitor of βγ-secretase amyloid precursor protein processing (2014)

Flavonoids, a group of dietary polyphenols have been shown to possess cognitive health benefits. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that they could play a role in risk reduction in dementia. Amyloid precursor protein processing and the subsequent generation of amyloid beta (Aβ) are central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, as soluble, oligomeric Aβ is thought to be the toxic species driving disease progression. We undertook an in vitro screen to identify flavonoids with bioactivity at βγ-mediated amyloid precursor protein processing, which lead to identification of a number of flavonoids bioactive at 100 nM. Because of known bioavailability, we investigated the catechin family further and identified epigallocatechin and (-)-epicatechin as potent (nanomolar) inhibitors of amyloidogenic processing. Supporting this finding, we have shown reduced Aβ pathology and Aβ levels following short term, a 21-day oral delivery of (-)-epicatechin in 7-month-old TASTPM mice. Further, in vitro mechanistic studies suggest this is likely because of indirect BACE1 inhibition. Taken together, our results suggest that orally delivered (-)-epicatechin may be a potential prophylactic for Alzheimer's disease.
Target detection and tracking with a high frequency ground wave radar (1994)

Northern Radar's Cape Race Ground Wave Radar (GWR) system became operational in the fall of 1990. The radar facility has the potential to provide surveillance of over 160000 square kilometres of the Grand Banks off Newfoundland, from a coastal station. GWR is a multipurpose sensor capable of detecting ships, monitoring icebergs and sea-ice, and measuring surface currents and sea state. The radar system employs a frequency modulated interrupted continuous wave (FMICW) as the transmit waveform. This waveform uses a pulse compression technique that combines good range resolution and high maximum range with a relatively high duty cycle. In this paper, we describe the implementation of the FMICW waveform in a practical real time radar system. We also show some examples of vessel, iceberg, acid aircraft detection and tracking using the Cape Race facility. These examples demonstrate that the Cape Race GWR may be used as an effective tool to assist in the management, surveillance, and enforcement of Canadian interests in the Exclusive Economic Zone.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interactions between APP secretases and inflammatory mediators (2008)

There is now a large body of evidence linking inflammation to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This association manifests itself neuropathologically in the presence of activated microglia and astrocytes around neuritic plaques and increased levels of inflammatory mediators in the brains of AD patients. It is considered that amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), which is derived from the processing of the longer amyloid precursor protein (APP), could be the most important stimulator of this response, and therefore determining the role of the different secretases involved in its generation is essential for a better understanding of the regulation of inflammation in AD. The finding that certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can affect the processing of APP by inhibiting beta- and gamma-secretases, together with recent revelations that these enzymes may be regulated by inflammation, suggest that they could be an interesting target for anti-inflammatory drugs. In this review we will discuss some of these issues and the role of the secretases in inflammation, independent of their effect on Abeta formation.
Principles and Practice of Assisted Human Reproduction (1995)

Introduction. Physiology of Reproduction. Human Fertility and Infertility. In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer: Clinical Methods. In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer: Laboratory Methods. Related Techniques of Assisted Reproduction. Clinical Outcome.
Energy-saving control of hydraulic systems with novel programmable valves (2003)

The paper studies the energy-saving adaptive robust motion control of a single-rod hydraulic cylinder through the use of programmable valves-a unique combination of five proportional cartridge valves. The programmable valves decouple the meter-in and meter-out flows and provide true cross port regeneration flow which in turn allows tremendous control flexibility. Although at the expense of controller complexity, if well utilized, the added control flexibility can be used to significantly reduce the fluid power energy usage in a number of motion and loading conditions to meet the society's need for energy conservation while without sacrificing the achievable motion control accuracy.
GaAs MESFETs fabricated on Si substrates using a SrTiO<sub>3</sub> buffer layer (2002)

Heteroepitaxial growth of GaAs on an Si substrate has been achieved through the use of crystalline SrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (STO) and amorphous SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> buffer layers. The buffer layers serve to accommodate some of the lattice mismatch between the substrate and the GaAs epilayers. Field-effect transistors fabricated in the GaAs epilayers show performance comparable to similar devices fabricated on GaAs substrates. The mobility in the GaAs/STO/Si sample is 2524 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs compared to a GaAs/GaAs sample with mobility of 2682 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs. A 0.7 μm gate length device has I/sub d max/ of 367 mA/mm and G/sub m max/ of 223 mS/mm. These devices also have good RF performance with f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 14.5 GHz and class AB power density of 90 mW/mm with an associated power-added efficiency of 38% at 1.9 GHz. This RF performance is within experimental error of similar devices fabricated on GaAs substrates. Preliminary reliability results show that after 800 h at 200/spl deg/C, the GaAs/STO/Si sample showed 1.2% degradation in drain current.
Evaluating the performance of robotic compliant tasks according to power consumption: approach and applications (2002)

This paper proposes an approach to the quantitative evaluation of the performance of robotic compliant motion tasks based on the power consumed by interaction between parts. As an application of the technique, a method for tuning the compliant motion parameters is discussed. It employs the response surface method as a schema for experimental design, because of the method's similarity to the process whereby humans tune parameters. Finally, to confirm the effectiveness of the tuning method, it is applied to a socket attachment task.