gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Streak And Framing Camera Designs Using Surface Acoustic Wave Charge-Transfer Devices (1986)

Solid-state imagers with integrated scanning circuits offer many advantages over beam-scanned camera tubes in cost, reliability, size, and range of applications. Solid-state electrical imagers are the realization of available methods for organizing and transferring charges from an image-sensing area to electrical readout ports. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) traveling on a piezo-electric medium have been shown to support charge transfer in a solid-state device: charges can be injected into electric potential wells that travel at the acoustic speed and may be collected at a different location on the surface. The principles of SAW charge-transfer devices (SAW-CTDs) are reviewed. Design concepts are presented for SAW-CTDs and CCD-CTDs for use as electrical or optical waveform recorders and as imaging devices, e.g., streak and framing cameras, operating in single-shot and continuously cycling modes.
On-site seismic yield (OSSY) estimates for BRISTOL based on nuclear to chemical explosion spectral ratios and yield scaling (1994)

We have computed a seismic yield estimate for the nuclear explosion BRISTOL by scaling near-source seismic recordings of BRISTOL with recordings from chemical explosions. Path and near-source coupling effects were accounted for by modeling ratios of the spectra of BRISTOL and chemical explosions recorded at identical locations and detonated in nearly the same locations. We estimated BRISTOL's yield, corner frequency, and overshoot by minimizing the difference between observed spectral ratios and model spectral ratios assuming yield scaling. Based on an average of spectral ratios at six stations, and assuming an average, gas-filled porosity of 4% in the vicinity of BRISTOL's working point, we obtained a yield of 10 kt with an interstation uncertainty corresponding to an increase or decrease by a factor of 1.7. This uncertainty could probably be reduced by using sensors with better low-frequency response and chemical explosions that generated larger signal to noise ratios (SNR). This yield estimate is in good agreement with a yield estimate obtained using regional Lg waves of Y = 11. We also find a corner frequency of 2.5 Hz and no evidence of overshoot in the seismic source function. Measurements such as these help improve our understanding of explosion sources and may be important for verification of threshold and low-yield nuclear testing treaties because they are less intrusive and potentially less expensive than existing on-site methods such as Continuous Reflectometry for Radius versus Time Experiment (CORRTEX). They are also applicable to explosions of all sizes.
Analyzing the relationship between decorrelation time and tissue thickness in acute rat brain slices using multispeckle diffusing wave spectroscopy (2016)

Novel techniques in the field of wavefront shaping have enabled light to be focused deep inside or through scattering media such as biological tissue. However, most of these demonstrations have been limited to thin, static samples since these techniques are very sensitive to changes in the arrangement of the scatterers within. As the samples of interest get thicker, the influence of the dynamic nature of the sample becomes even more pronounced and the window of time in which the wavefront solutions remain valid shrinks further. In this paper, we examine the time scales upon which this decorrelation happens in acute rat brain slices via multispeckle diffusing wave spectroscopy and investigate the relationship between this decorrelation time and the thickness of the sample using diffusing wave spectroscopy theory and Monte Carlo photon transport simulation.
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral L‐arginine in normal volunteers (1999)

This study provides basic knowledge of L-arginine pharmacokinetics in healthy humans. Intravenous and oral administrations show at minimum a biphasic pattern. Further studies will assess whether a similar profile is observed when the drug is administered to patients.
Synthesen von 4.5‐disubstituierten 2.6‐Diaryl‐pyrimidinen (1968)

Abstract Von den Arylcyaniden erschließt sich über die 4.6‐Diaryl‐1.2.3.5‐oxathiadiazin‐2.2‐dioxide ( 1 ) ein einfacher Zugang zu Heterocyclen. Die Verbindungen 1 werden mit geeigneten Methylen‐Verbindungen zu Pyrimidin‐Derivaten kondensiert.
Random mutagenesis and screening of complex glycoproteins: expression of human gonadotropins in <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> (1999)

The soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a host cell that provides simple genetics in combination with complex protein synthesis. We show that the complex human heterodimeric gonadotropins can be produced and secreted by this organism. Furthermore, both follicle stimulation hormone and choriogonadotropin produced by D. dictyostelium bind to their human receptors and elicit a biological response comparable to the wild-type hormones. We also show that structure-function analysis using random mutagenesis and screening of recombinant glycoprotein hormones is feasible. Thus, expression of gonadotropins in D. dictyostelium opens the way to the engineering of potential new therapeutic analogues.
A Customizable SVG Graph Visualization Engine (2008)

This thesis describes our experience of creating an interactive and customizable graph visualization engine, referred to as SVG graph visualization engine, or SVG Editor for short, implemented entirely in SVG and ECMAScript. Typical operations of this visualization engine include filtering, searching, collapsing, expanding of graph elements, and hierarchical as well as historical viewing of graphs and subgraphs. This visualization engine has great potential because it runs on many platforms and in many applications due to the availability of SVG plug-ins.\n\n\tSVG Editor can be customized to fit various domains. To illustrate the editor's customizability, we discuss three sample applications of SVG Editor. The first example is the instantiation of SVG Editor for the visualization of software structures. This kind of visualization is used by reverse engineering tools to support program comprehension. The second example is the instantiation of SVG Editor for information modeling with the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF). Another example is to use SVG Editor to show three distinct viewpoints of a subject Web site: developer-view, server-view, and client-view in a web site reverse engineering tool, and for a reverse engineer to explore and navigate mappings between them. Also, we assess selected aspects of SVG Editor’s scalability, extensibility, customizability, usability, and reusability.
An Efficient, Robust, and Data-Oriented Inversion Method for Noisy T2 Echo Trains (2019)

Abstract For NMR logging of hydrocarbon bearing formations, the inversion of T2 echo trains is a critical pre-processing step to compute porosity, permeability, and fluid saturations of formations. To accurately and efficiently invert NMR measurement data, a new inversion method is presented to compute the optimal solution of T2 distribution with a unique optimal regularization factor for NMR logging data processing. This inversion method has no assumption about the white noise of a T2 echo train. A new supplementary nonlinear equality constraint was introduced to optimize the solution of T2 distribution by explicitly taking into account the measured noise of a measured T2 echo train. An efficient iterative algorithm has been developed to solve the nonlinear optimization problem defined in the new inversion method. An initial-guess solution of the regularization factor was proposed for accelerating the searching process of the regularization factor. The new inversion method has been verified with synthetic T2 echo train data and applied to process T2 echo train data of core samples of carbonate and Berea sandstone formations that are saturated with different fluids. This method has also been compared with conventional methods. The testing and comparison results show that: The optimal solution of T2 distribution from the new inversion method has a unique solution that is independent of the pre-selected values of regularization factor, so does the regularization factor. The optimal solutions T2 distribution and regularization factor will be convergent to their true solutions when the SNR of echo train data becomes sufficiently high.The computation cost for searching the optimal solutions of T2 distribution and regularization factor using the new nonlinear optimization algorithm is only a few iterations.The initial-guess solution of the regularization factor is more close to the solution determined from the S-curve method, which could be higher than the optimal solution of the regularization factor searched in the new inversion method.
Transcriptional analysis of bglPH expression in Bacillus subtilis: evidence for two distinct pathways mediating carbon catabolite repression (1996)

In Bacillus subtilis, aryl-beta-glucosides such as salicin and arbutin are catabolized by the gene products of bglP and bglH, encoding an enzyme II of the phosphoenolpyruvate sugar-phosphotransferase system and a phospho-beta-glucosidase, respectively. These two genes are transcribed from a single promoter. The presence of a transcript of about 4,000 nucleotides detected by Northern (RNA) blot analysis indicates that bglP and bglH are part of an operon. However, this transcript is only present when cells are grown in the presence of the inducing substrate, salicin. In the absence of the inducer, a transcript of about 110 nucleotides can be detected, suggesting that transcription terminates downstream of the promoter at a stable termination structure. Initiation of transcription is abolished in the presence of rapidly metabolized carbon sources. Catabolite repression of bglPH expression involves the trans-acting factors CcpA and HPr. In a ccpA mutant, transcription initiation is relieved from glucose repression. Furthermore, we report a catabolite responsive element-CcpA-independent form of catabolite repression requiring the ribonucleic antiterminator-terminator region, which is the target of antitermination, and the wild-type HPr protein of the phosphotransferase system. Evidence that the antitermination protein LicT is a crucial element for this type of regulation is provided.
Prevention of LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Progranulin (2012)

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a clinical complication of severe acute lung injury (ALI) in humans, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Despite decades of research, few therapeutic strategies for clinical ARDS have emerged. Here we carefully evaluated the effect of progranulin (PGRN) in treatment of ARDS using the murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. We reported that administration of PGRN maintained the body weight and survival of ALI mice. We revealed that administration of PGRN significantly reduced LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation, as reflected by reductions in total cell and neutrophil counts, proinflammatory cytokines, as well as chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Furthermore, administration of PGRN resulted in remarkable reversal of LPS-induced increases in lung permeability as assessed by reductions in total protein, albumin, and IgM in BAL fluid. Consistently, we revealed a significant reduction of histopathology changes of lung in mice received PGRN treatment. Finally, we showed that PGRN/TNFR2 interaction was crucial for the protective effect of PGRN on the LPS-induced ALI. Our findings strongly demonstrated that PGRN could effectively ameliorate the LPS-induced ALI in mice, suggesting a potential application for PGRN-based therapy to treat clinical ARDS.
Biology (2019)

Papillomaviruses are small, round, non-enveloped DNA viruses that infect mammals, birds and reptiles, with species- and tissue-specificity. They are one of the oldest, largest, and most diverse of the known virus families. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), like all papillomaviruses, target the stratified squamous epithelia of the body. A subset is also able to infect the glandular epithelium of the cervix. Because culture of these viruses is not readily available, taxonomy is based on genotyping and not serotyping, which is traditionally used in virology. Viral open reading frames are arrayed in a linear fashion on only one strand of the double-stranded circular DNA genome. Due to strict species- and tissue-specificities of these viruses and their requirement for differentiating epithelium for completion of the viral life cycle, growth of HPV genotypes in the laboratory for a long time was impossible, and remains complex. In HPV-infected basal cells, papillomavirus gene expression is inhibited to near maintenance levels and the cells appear nearly normal.
Improving Practical Sensitivity of Energy Optimized Wake-Up Receivers: Proof of Concept in 65-nm CMOS (2016)

We present a high-performance low-power digital baseband architecture, specially designed for an energy optimized duty-cycled wake-up receiver scheme. Based on a careful wake-up beacon design, a structured wake-up beacon detection technique leads to an architecture that compensates for the implementation loss of a low-power wake-up receiver front-end at low energy and area costs. Design parameters are selected by energy optimization and the architecture is easily scalable to support various network sizes. Fabricated in 65-nm CMOS, the digital baseband consumes 0.9 μW (VDD = 0.37 V) in sub-threshold operation at 250 kbps, with appropriate 97% wake-up beacon detection and 0.04% false alarm probabilities. The circuit is fully functional at a minimum VDD of 0.23 V at fmax = 5 kHz and 0.018 μW power consumption. Based on these results, we show that our digital baseband can be used as a companion to compensate for front-end implementation losses resulting from the limited wake-up receiver power budget at a negligible cost. This implies an improvement of the practical sensitivity of the wake-up receiver, compared with what is traditionally reported.
Influence of Ocean Acidification and Deep Water Upwelling on Oligotrophic Plankton Communities in the Subtropical North Atlantic: Insights from an In situ Mesocosm Study (2017)

Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) causes pronounced shifts in marine carbonate chemistry and a decrease in seawater pH. Increasing evidence indicates that these changes – summarized by the term ocean acidification (OA) – can significantly affect marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles. However, current scientific knowledge is largely based on laboratory experiments with single species and artificial boundary conditions, whereas studies of natural plankton communities are still relatively rare. Moreover, the few existing community-level studies were mostly conducted in rather eutrophic environments, while less attention has been paid to oligotrophic systems such as the subtropical ocean gyres. Here we report from a recent in situ mesocosm experiment off the coast of Gran Canaria in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, where we investigated the influence of OA on the ecology and biogeochemistry of plankton communities in oligotrophic waters under close-to-natural conditions. This paper is the first in this Research Topic of Frontiers in Marine Biogeochemistry and provides (1) a detailed overview of the experimental design and important events during our mesocosm campaign, and (2) first insights into the ecological responses of plankton communities to simulated OA over the course of the 62-day experiment. One particular scientific objective of our mesocosm experiment was to investigate how OA impacts might differ between oligotrophic conditions and phases of high biological productivity, which regularly occur in response to upwelling of nutrient-rich deep water in the study region. Therefore, we specifically developed a deep water collection system that allowed us to obtain ~85 m3 of seawater from ~650 m depth. Thereby, we replaced ~20% of each mesocosm's volume with deep water, and thus successfully simulated a deep water upwelling event that induced a pronounced plankton bloom. Our study revealed significant effects of OA on the entire food web, leading to a restructuring of plankton communities that emerged during the oligotrophic phase, and was further amplified during the bloom that developed in response to deep water addition. Such CO2-related shifts in plankton community composition could have consequences for ecosystem productivity, biomass transfer to higher trophic levels, and biogeochemical element cycling of oligotrophic ocean regions.
High-voltage amplifier uses simplified circuit (2004)

Many scientific instruments and sensors need ac high-voltage drive. High-voltage drive is useful for driving electrodes in many applications. The challenge is to boost the output of a conventional op amp to high voltages. Available ac high-voltage amplifier modules are limited to approximately 1200V p-p. This Design Idea presents a simplified ac high-voltage amplifier that uses complementary, cascaded NMOS and PMOS transistors (Figure 1). The OP07 op amp has low input-offset voltage, low input-bias current, and high open-loop gain. These attributes make this op amp useful for high-gain instrumentation applications. In addition, the OP07 features
Neurological dysfunction and hyperactive behavior associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. A mouse model. (1997)

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been associated with various neurological manifestations, but the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. We assessed mice with induced experimental antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) for neurological and behavioral changes. After immunization with monoclonal human anticardiolipin antibody (H-3), female BALB/c mice developed elevated levels of circulating anti-negatively charged phospholipids (aPL), anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (abeta2GPI), and anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA), along with clinical manifestations of APS like thrombocytopenia and fetus resorption. APS mice were impaired neurologically and performed several reflexes less accurately compared to the controls, including placing reflex (P < 0.05), postural reflex (P < 0.05), and grip test (P = 0.05). The APS mice also exhibited hyperactive behavior in an open field, which tests spatial behavior (P < 0.03), and displayed impaired motor coordination on a rotating bar. aPL in combination with abeta2GPI and AECA is probably involved in the neurological and behavioral defects shown in mice with experimental APS.
Start with Open Source (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Process and Practice Open-Source Software (OSS) Development OSS-Like Development Conclusion References
Study of Ligand−Receptor Binding Using SPME:  Investigation of Receptor, Free, and Total Ligand Concentrations (2005)

The theoretical background and practical approaches for studying ligand-receptor (protein) binding by solid phase microextraction (SPME) are investigated, along with methods for simultaneous calculation of receptor, free, and total ligand concentrations. With the introduction of new extraction phases (restricted access materials, molecularly imprinted polymers, and immobilized antibodies), SPME allows better separation of small molecules of ligand from larger molecules of receptor, and improved accuracy. This sample preparation method based on nonexhaustive extraction is well suited as a general method to study and quantify systems involving multiple equilibriums, with significant advantages over currently used methods. SPME was used previously for the determination of protein binding constants, but only with conventional extraction phases and in simple cases, with a 1:1 combination ratio between the ligand and the receptor or when negligible depletion conditions were met. The new theoretical approach presented in this study allows the quantification of any binding equilibrium, regardless of the extent of depletion. Restricted-access particles are used as extraction phase, and if the amount of receptor is limited, selected regions of the binding curve may be obtained using a single sample, with a volume as low as 10 muL. The equations developed here are simple and independent of the analytical method used for the quantification of the amount of ligand. Three different practical approaches are presented: the method of multiple standard solutions, the method of successive extractions from the same sample and the method of successive additions to the same sample. The usefulness of this novel approach is demonstrated by using it to determine the binding parameters of some selected drugs to human serum albumin. These parameters are subsequently used to calculate albumin, free drug, and total drug concentrations from unknown mixtures. The results are in good agreement with previously published data. Quantification of the amount of ligand extracted by SPME is done by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.
Bias effect on the growth of carbon nanotips using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (2002)

Carbon nanotips with a high-aspect ratio were directly grown on Pt films. Carbon nanotips grew up to 5.4 μm length and 64 nm diameter under a −120 V bias. Compared to the hollow structure of carbon nanotubes, transmission electron microscopy images indicate its solid body, which is made of graphite. Carbon nanotips possess good field emission characteristics, that is, a turn-on field of 1.5 V/μm and 761 μA/cm2 under 2.2 V/μm. The Pt films provide a good conduction path for electron transport from the cathode to the emission site and do not act as catalysts.
AQP1 expression analysis in human diseases: implications for proteomic characterization (2008)

Aquaporin (AQP)1 belongs to a ubiquitous family of water channel proteins characterized by sequence similarity and the presence of two NPA (Asp-Pro-Ala) motifs existing in almost all organs and tissues. Currently, 13 human AQPs are known and they are divided into two subgroups according to their ability to transport only water molecules, such as AQP1, or also glycerol and other small solutes. The genomic, structural and functional aspects of AQP1 are briefly described. An in-depth discussion is devoted to proteomic approaches that are useful for identifying and characterizing AQP1, mainly through electrophoretic techniques combined with different extraction procedures followed by mass spectrometry analysis. Moreover, the relevance of AQP1 in human diseases is also explained. Its role in human tumors and, in particular, those of the kidney (e.g., clear cell renal carcinoma) is discussed.
Tissue engineering: The first decade and beyond (1998)

This article reviews the important developments in the field of tissue engineering over the last 10 years. Research in the area of biomaterials is examined from the perspective of providing the foundation for the development of tissue engineering. Early efforts combining cells with biocompatible materials are described and applications of this technology presented, with particular focus on uses in orthopaedics and maxillofacial surgery. The basic principles of tissue engineering and state-of-the-art technology in cell biology and materials science as used currently in the field are presented. Finally, futures challenges are outlined from the perspective of integrating technologies from medicine, biology, and engineering, in hopes of translating tissue engineering to clinical applications. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:297-303, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Clinical Issues‐April 2017 (2017)

Patient involvement in hand hygiene Key words: patient engagement, hand hygiene, hand washing stations, hand hygiene promotion. Alcohol-based surgical hand rubs in the OR Key words: hand hygiene, hand rub, dispenser. Personal hand hygiene dispensers Key words: hand hygiene, hand rub, hand rub dispenser, personal dispenser. Hand soap Key words: soap, hand hygiene, hand wash, plain soap, triclosan. Disposal of water used for plaster application in scrub sinks Key words: plaster, pour, sink, scrub sink. Multiple hand hygiene indications Key words: hand hygiene, hand wash, hand rub.