gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-D digital surface recovery of the optic nerve head from stereo fundus images (2003)

A novel algorithm for 3D digital mapping of curved surfaces from a 2D stereo image pair is developed. This approach for visualization of curved surface topography involves fusion of a stereo depth map with a linearly stretched intensity image of the curved surface. Prior to fusion of the depth map with the intensity image, a cubic B-spline interpolation technique is applied to smooth the sparse depth map obtained from the computed stereo disparity map. The quantitative representation of the optic nerve head surface topography following this algorithm provides a technique for a possibly more reproducible parametric evaluation of the optic nerve head than just qualitative stereoscopic viewing of the fundus.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lipopolysaccharides of the acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria Acidiphilium cryptum and Acidiphilium symbioticum (1994)

Lipopolysaccharides of Acidiphilium cryptum and Acidiphilium symbioticum, the acidophilic heterotrophs of sulfidic mine environments, contain rhamnose, glucose, galactose and mannose. Molar ratios of the neutral sugars differ in these two lipopolysaccharide preparations. 3-Deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid is present in both the lipopolysaccharides, and galactosamine was the only amino sugar detected. 3-Hydroxytetradecanoic acid was found to be the major fatty acid component along with minute amounts of decanoic and dodecanoic acids. Deoxycholate-PAGE electrophoresis revealed the presence of short sugar chains and unsubstituted cores. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to acidiphilicity and systematics of Acidiphilium species.
Differentiation of Chlamydia psittaci and C. pecorum strains by species-specific PCR (1996)

Sequence analyses 5' ends of the 60-kDa cysteine-rich outer membrane protein genes (Omp2) of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pecorum strains indicate that these species have approximately 70% nucleotide identity. On the basis of this sequence information, PCR primers were designed to allow the specific amplification of DNA extracted from C. psittaci S26/3 (abortion strain), P94/1 (pigeon strain), and C. pecorum W73 (fecal strain) in one reaction tube. By using nested reactions (with primers PCR-D1 and PCR-D2 followed by the specific primers and PCR-D2), 0.6, 0.2, and 8 inclusion-forming units of S26/3, P94/1 (both diluted in tissue culture-negative placental material), and W73 (diluted in culture-negative fecal material) per ml, respectively, were detected. The differentiation of C. psittaci and C. pecorum strains of ovine and bovine origins was carried out, and the results were in agreement with those obtained from AluI restriction enzyme analysis of DNA amplified from corresponding strains by PCR. This approach allows the simultaneous detection and typing of C. psittaci and C. pecorum strains and the identification of samples containing both species.
THE INCREASING INCIDENCE OF THE HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME IN KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON: LACK OF EVIDENCE FOR ASCERTAINMENT BIAS (1989)

The annual incidence of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome was determined for the well-defined population of King County, Washington, between 1971 and 1986, inclusive, to ascertain temporal trends in the epidemiology of this disease. The average annual incidence rose from 0.69 cases per 100,000 children under age 15 years between 1971 and 1975 to 1.77 cases between 1976 and 1980 and 1.74 cases between 1981 and 1986. The mean hematocrits, platelet counts, and blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations on admission were similar in all periods, as were the mean length of hospital stay and the proportions of patients requiring erythrocyte and/or platelet transfusions and dialysis. These results indicate that the increased incidence of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in childhood has been sustained in King County, Washington, and that this increase is not due to ascertainment bias caused by the diagnosis of less severely ill cases. Further investigations are needed to determine whether this increased incidence is being experienced in other populations and to assess strategies for the prevention of microangiopathic sequelae to hemorrhagic colitis.
Real-time Dynamic Path Planning for Dubins' Nonholonomic Robot (2006)

A car-like nonholomonic robot moves in a plane and is subject to an upper bound of curvature for its turning. In this paper, we discuss a novel dynamic path planning algorithm by which the car-like robot could reach any oriented point from another oriented point via the shortest path. The approach features the construction of a pair of accommodation circles describing the left and right turn minimum radius paths of the vehicle. Utilizing this construction, a weak control Lyapunov function is constructed and used to generate a control law. This motion planner provides a real-time state dependent solution with a convergence guarantee
F-DICE: A multiple node upset tolerant flip-flop for highly radioactive environments (2013)

This paper introduces a novel design for a multiple node upset tolerant flip-flop. This design uses the TDICE memory cell that was proposed in the technical literature for memory arrays and applies its principles of operation to a Master Slave flip-flop implemented at 65 nm CMOS technology. It is shown that the proposed design approach is particularly suited for flip-flops targeting highly radioactive environments; simulation validates the multiple node upset tolerance and its viability. A test chip developed for the on-silicon validation is also described.
Conjugated Heat Transfer on a Horizontal Surface Impinged by Circular Free-Surface Liquid Jet. (2002)

Analytical research was conducted to study the heat transfer from horizontal surfaces to normally impinging circular free-surface jets under arbitrary-heat-flux conditions. General expressions of heat transfer coefficients and recovery factor were obtained in the stagnation region and boundary layer region as well as viscous similarity region by the integral method. Then by using the analytical results, the conjugated heat transfer between a water jet and the impinged wall was numerically solved. Finally, an experimental study was also performed to characterize conjugated heat transfer coefficient on a thick copper target base impinged normally by circular free-surface jet. The present predictions of the mean conjugated heat transfer coefficient were good agreement with the experimental data.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome): mutation "hot spots" in the iduronate-2-sulfatase gene. (1996)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome) is an X-chromosomal storage disorder due to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS). We have identified IDS mutations in a total of 31 families/patients with MPS II, of which 20 are novel and unique and a further 1 is novel but has been found in 3 unrelated patients. One of the mutations detected is of special interest as an AG-->G substitution in an intron, far apart from the coding region, is deleterious by creating a new 5'-splice-donor site that results in the inclusion of a 78-bp intronic sequence. While the distribution of gene rearrangements (deletions, insertions, and duplications) of <20 bp seems to be random over the IDS gene, the analysis of a total of 101 point mutations lying within the coding region shows that they tend to be more frequent in exons III, VIII, and IX. Forty-seven percent of the point mutations are at CpG dinucleotides, of which G:C-to-A:T transitions constitute nearly 80%. Almost all recurrent point mutations involve CpG sites. Analysis of a collective of 50 families studied in our laboratory, to date, revealed that mutations occur more frequently in male meioses (estimated male-to-female ratio between 3.76 and 6.3).
Lung Transplantation for Cystic Fibrosis (2009)

Lung transplantation is a complex, high-risk, potentially life-saving therapy for the end-stage lung disease of cystic fibrosis (CF). The decision to pursue transplantation involves comparing the likelihood of survival with and without transplantation as well as assessing the effect of wait-listing and transplantation on the patient's quality of life. Although recent population-based analyses of the US lung allocation system for the CF population have raised controversies about the survival benefits of transplantation, studies from the United Kingdom and Canada have suggested a definite survival advantage for those receiving transplants. In response to these and other controversies, leaders in transplantation and CF met together in Lansdowne, Virginia, to consider the state of the art in lung transplantation for CF in an international context, focusing on advances in surgical technique, measurement of outcomes, use of prognostic criteria, variations in local control over listing, and prioritization among the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and The Netherlands, patient adherence before and after transplantation and other issues in the broader context of lung transplantation. Finally, the conference members carefully considered how efforts to improve outcomes for lung transplantation for CF lung disease might best be studied. This Roundtable seeks to communicate the substance of our discussions.
328. Methyl-substituted long-chain acids. Part II (1949)

S. David, N. Polgar and R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 1541 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490001541
Managing metadata for distributed information servers (2002)

We present the design and implementation of a distributed index architecture to facilitate metadata discovery on large networks. Many current information discovery systems use crawlers to search the Internet, constructing metadata from the data they find. Instead, we propose a general distributed index architecture that uses descriptive hierarchies to organize metadata and route metadata queries to sites likely to produce relevant results. We are testing the architecture in the NASA Earth Observing System domain. We address some requirements particular to EOS, then discuss the design implications. We also present the results of preliminary performance studies on a prototype.
Mononeme: A new secretory organelle in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> merozoites identified by localization of rhomboid-1 protease (2007)

Compartmentalization of proteins into subcellular organelles in eukaryotic cells is a fundamental mechanism of regulating complex cellular functions. Many proteins of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites involved in invasion are compartmentalized into apical organelles. We have identified a new merozoite organelle that contains P. falciparum rhomboid-1 (PfROM1), a protease that cleaves the transmembrane regions of proteins involved in invasion. By immunoconfocal microscopy, PfROM1 was localized to a single, thread-like structure on one side of the merozoites that appears to be in close proximity to the subpellicular microtubules. PfROM1 was not found associated with micronemes, rhoptries, or dense granules, the three identified secretory organelles of invasion. Release of merozoites from schizonts resulted in the movement of PfROM1 from the lateral asymmetric localization to the merozoite apical pole and the posterior pole. We have named this single thread-like organelle in merozoites, the mononeme.
A new semantic text-image search engine for car designers (2008)

The Trends Research ENabler for Design Specifications (TRENDS) system integrates flexible content-based image retrieval facilities with database management and other useful functionalities that aim at improving the inspirational information gathering process in the early design stages. TRENDS is a 6 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> Framework Programme IST project, funded by the EC that started 01/01/2006 and will end 31/12/2008. It aims at elaborating the design trend boards dedicated to product designers in business to consumer markets such as for the automotive and original equipment manufacturers. The main innovation is related to the content based image and semantic text information search engines and to the integration of the elements under a cutting edge user interface specially designed to fulfill the designerspsila requirements.
Sensitivity of CMOS based imagers and scaling perspectives (2000)

CMOS based imagers are beginning to compete against CCDs in many areas of the consumer market because of their system-on-a-chip capability. Sensitivity, however, is a main weakness of CMOS imagers and enhancements and deviations from standard CMOS processes are necessary to keep up sensitivity with downscaled process generations. In the introductory section several definitions for the sensitivity of image sensors are reviewed with regard to their potential to allow meaningful comparison of different detector structures. In the main section, the standard CMOS sensor architecture is compared to detector structures designed to improve the sensitivity, namely the photogate (PG), the pinned photodiode (PPD) and the thin film on ASIC (TFA) approach. The latter uses a vertical integration of the photodiode on top of the pixel transistors. A careful analysis of the relevant electrical, optical and technological parameters and many previously published experimental data for different imagers reveals that only the PPD and the TFA enhancements provide satisfactory sensitivity and withstand scaling down to 0.18 /spl mu/ processes. Due to the higher fill factor and the higher quantum efficiency TFA provides significantly better values than PPD. The radiometric sensitivity of a 5 /spl mu/m/spl times/5 /spl mu/m TFA pixel is found to amount to 11.9 V/(/spl mu//cm/sup 2/) for a 0.25 /spl mu/m process and 27.5 V/(/spl mu/J/cm/sup 2/) for a 0.18 /spl mu/m process.
Statistics of protein library construction (2005)

Complete mathematical notes, model assumptions and justification, users' guide and worked examples at above website.
The Melanocortin Receptors (2000)

In The Melanocortin Receptors, Roger Cone and a distinguished team of expert investigators provide the first major treatment of this critically important receptor family. The book illuminates the structure and function of these receptors through a wide-ranging review of the latest findings concerning the biology, physiology, and pharmacology of their peptide ligands and covers the major melanocortin receptors, MC1-R through MC5-R. Topics include the characterization of the melanocortin receptors, the biochemical mechanism of receptor action, and receptor function and regulation. Several articles provide historical perspectives on important aspects of melanocortin biology and on the direction of future experimental and clinical research. Timely and authoritative, The Melanocortin Receptors offers an up-to-date knowledge base on the remarkably complex of structure and functions of the melanocortins, a guide that will prove invaluable for today's neuroscientists, endocrinologists, pharmacologists, dermatologists, and other clinical and experimental investigators working in this fast moving field
Interferometric fabrication of modulated submicrometer gratings in photoresist (1995)

Interferometric recording is applied to the fabrication of modulated submicrometer gratings in photoresist.High diffraction efficiency requires optimized recording conditions, which are obtained by the use of an on-axis continuous surface-relief grating for the generation of the object beam. The optimized phase function is copied into the resist layer by means of a self-aligned two-step recording process with an intermediate copy in a volume photopolymer hologram. As a result, we demonstrate high carrier frequency surface-relief off-axis fan-out gratings for illumination in transmission with visible light.
Quantitative Genetics with Special Reference to Plant and Animal Breeding (1996)

This text presents a theory for utilizing diploid and functionally diploid species in applying Mendelian genetics to improve genetic material in plant breeding programmes. It should be useful reading to students of quantitative genetics and professionals in plant or animal breeding.
Birefringent Filamentous Organelle in BHK-21 Cells and Its Possible Role in Cell Spreading and Motility (1970)

A birefringent structure consisting of a mass of filaments, 100 to 125 angstroms in diameter, appears at certain times during the spreading of a BHK-21 cell in culture. It is involved in the formation of the birefringent streak found in fully spread cells. The structure may be in part responsible for various aspects of cell motility.
Silencing the porcine iGb3s gene does not affect Gal<i>α</i>3Gal levels or measures of anticipated pig‐to‐human and pig‐to‐primate acute rejection (2016)

Our data suggest that iGb3s is not a contributor to antibody-mediated rejection in pig-to-primate or pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Although iGb3s gene silencing significantly changed the renal glycosphingolipid profile, the effect on Galα3Gal levels, antibody binding, and cytotoxic profiles of baboon and human sera on porcine PBMCs was neutral.
Conductivity Detection on Microchips (2006)

Conductivity detection as a versatile detection technique for chip-based electrophoretic separation methods is described and the basic principles are discussed. The necessary electronic equipment and technologies to implement the detection electrodes on a microchip are presented. A difference between contact and contactless detection is made and the resulting advantages and problems are shown. Different analytical applications are listed and discussed that show the basic applicability of conductivity detection in capillary electrophoresis and in isotachophoresis, which may serve as a guideline for more specific developments in the future. Central to all applications is the choice of the buffer system. It determines not only the separation capability but also puts limits on the achievable dynamic detection range.
Effect of magnetic field on the energy levels of a hydrogenic impurity center in GaAs/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>As quantum-well structures (1985)

We have calculated the binding energies of the ground (1s-like) and excited (2${p}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$-like) states of a hydrogenic donor associated with the first subband in a GaAs quantum well, sandwiched between two semi-infinite layers of ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$As. Results have been obtained as a function of the potential-barrier height (or equivalently of Al concentration x) and the size of the quantum well in the presence of an arbitrary magnetic field. We have considered the two cases of donor at the center and at the edge of the well. The applied magnetic field is taken to be parallel to the axis of growth of the quantum-well structure. We have used a variational approach in which the trial wave functions are expanded in terms of appropriate Gaussian basis sets. For a given value of the magnetic field, the binding energies are found to be larger than their values in a zero magnetic field.
Efficient linear and bilinear arrays for matrix triangularisation with partial pivoting (1990)

The paper presents two VLSI arrays for implementing Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting. The first is a bilinear array that uses 2n + 1 PEs and triangularises an n × n dense matrix in n2 + n − 2 time units. The second array is a switchable linear array. It uses n PEs to triangularise the n × n dense matrix in 2n2 − 2n + 1 time units. Both arrays use strictly local communications and employ simple processing elements (PEs). An optional buffer array can supplement either array to avoid costly inter-iteration I/O. The arrays exhibit an area-time complexity of O(n3) which matches the algorithm's time complexity on a uniprocessor. The architectures described here are much more efficient than those previously reported by the same authors.
Dips and ceilings (2011)

Interface guidelines encourage designers to include shortcut mechanisms that enable high levels of expert performance, but prior research has demonstrated that few users switch to using them. To help understand how interfaces can better support a transition to expert performance we develop a framework of the interface and human factors influencing expertise development. We then present a system called Blur that addresses three main problems in promoting the transition: prompting an initial switch to expert techniques, minimising the performance dip arising from the switch, and enabling a high performance ceiling. Blur observes the user's interaction with unaltered desktop applications and uses calm notification to support learning and promote awareness of an alternative hot command interface. An empirical study validates Blur's design, showing that users make an early and sustained switch to hot commands, and that doing so improves their performance and satisfaction.
Best practice in water resources from a development finance perspective : technical paper (1999)

Water resource project developers have increasing accountability to more stakeholders and there are greater demands that project benefits be distributed more equitably, widely and transparently. In order for institutions in the sector to satisfy the aspirations and meet these demands, it is essential that they follow best practices. The key criteria for smooth project implementation and success now include stakeholder analysis, participation, co-operation, environmental management, integration and risk management, while new values include openness, transparency and cultural and environmental sensitivity. Best practices are partly established internationally, but may not necessarily be well defined or may require adaptation or nuances in local or regional circumstances. This paper systematizes and describes best practices according to planning issues that include integrated water resource management, participation and the environment, legal issues that involve compliance, technical issues that include technology choice, and project management issues.
Studies on the Civilization of Islam (1982)

Originally published in 1962, this book presents important studies on the history, literature and religion of the Islamic peoples as well as an appraisal of contemporary intellectual currents in the Middle East. Part I interprets the basic political and cultural development in medieval Islam, set in the context of its growth from a religious movement in the Arabian peninsula to an imperial structure extending from the Atlantic Ocean to the borders of China. Part II includes studies of Islamic institutions, philosophy and religion. The close relationship of Islam to Western traditions through the Biblical and Greek heritages is emphasized and the factors which have moulded unique and distinctive institutions are considered.
Synthesis of 5-Cyanoindazole and 1-Methyl and 1-Aryl-5-Cyanoindazoles (1997)

Abstract 5-Cyanoindazoles are conveniently prepared in two to three steps from commercially available 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde.