gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and performance analysis of a practical load-balanced switch (2009)

The load-balanced (LB) switch proposed by C.S. Chang et al. consists of two stages. First, a load-balancing stage converts arriving packets into uniform traffic. Then, a forwarding stage transfers packets from the line-cards to their final output destination. Load-balanced switches do not need a centralized scheduler and can achieve 100% throughput for a broad class of traffic distributions. However, load-balanced switches may cause packets at the output port to be out of sequence. Several schemes have been proposed to tackle the out of- sequence problem of the load-balanced switch. They are either too complex to implement, or introduce a large additional delay. In this paper, we present a practical load-balanced switch, called the Byte-Focal switch, which uses packet-by-packet scheduling to significantly improve the delay performance over switches of comparable complexity. We prove that the queues at the input need only finite buffering, and that the overall switch is stable under any traffic matrix. Our analysis shows that the average queuing delay is roughly linear with the switch size N, and although the worst case resequencing delay is N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the average resequencing delay is much smaller. This means that we can reduce the required resequencing buffer size significantly.
Study of a Conditional Suicide System for Biological Containment of Bacteria in Germ-free Rats (1993)

The effect of a biological containment system in Escherichia coli based on the stochastic induction of a lethal gene, hok,8 was investigated in the gastrointestinal system of 33 germ-free rats. E. coliBJ16, identical to E. coli BJ4 originally isolated from a rat, but containing a plasmid pPKL100 with the hok gene, was given to germ-free rats. In these rats a plasmid-free and a plasmid-containing population was formed and co-existed in the gut. When given to gnotobiotic rats which had been initially monoassociated with E. coli BJ4, the E. coli BJ16 (hok +) was eliminated at a faster rate than E. coli BJ17, identical to E. coli BJ4 but carrying a plasmid pMG33 without the hok gene. Expressed as T90, the time used for a 90 per cent reduction of the bacterial concentration, the mean elimination for E. coli BJ16 (hok +) was 2.8 d and for E. coli BJ17 (hok-) was 5.3 d, indicating an effect of the hok gene in a competition situation.
Pilot study on the effect of a mouthrinse containing silver zeolite on plaque formation. (1998)

A double-blind cross-over study was performed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of silver zeolite (SZ) mouthrinse on plaque formation. Eleven dental students participated in this study. SZ mouthrinse was prepared by suspending SZ powder into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at a concentration of 3% (w/w). Type-A zeolite was used as a placebo. Before the experiment, the subjects were rendered plaque-free by professional prophylaxis. They then suspended any oral hygiene for five days, during which time they rinsed with either SZ or type-A zeolite mouthrinse twice a day. SZ significantly reduced plaque formation compared to the placebo (p < 0.05), suggesting that silver ions released from the SZ inhibited plaque formation.
The Skin in Pregnancy (2002)

Background: Physiologic skin changes are common during pregnancy due to a temporary shift in hormonal, metabolic, and immunologic factors. Physicians may mistake normal skin changes in pregnancy as pathologic change within the skin, and so an appreciation of the common and less common skin manifestations will assist in appropriate patient care. Objective: This review highlights the normal physiologic skin changes in pregnancy, which include pigmentary changes, changes to the hair and nails, alterations in glandular activity, vascular and hematological changes, cutaneous tumors, and mucous membrane changes. Conclusion: Physiologic changes to the skin in pregnancy can be complex and confusing. Pregnancy can be a stressful time for women so it is imperative that physicians be aware of the normal skin changes during pregnancy in order to prevent unnecessary investigations and treatments.
Implementing Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (MANET) over Legacy Tactical Radio Links (2007)

Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (MANET) is a key technology enabler in the tactical communication domain for the Network Centric Warfare.[1] A self-forming, self-healing, infrastructure-less network consisting of mobile nodes is very attractive for beyond line of sight (BLOS) voice and data range extension as well as tactical networking applications in general. Current research and development mostly focus on implementing MANET over new wideband data waveforms. However, a large number of currently fielded tactical radios and the next generation software defined radios (SDR) support various legacy tactical radio waveforms. A mobile ad hoc network over such legacy tactical radio links not only provides war fighters mission critical networking applications such as Situational Awareness and short payload messaging, the MANET nodes can also support voice and legacy data interoperation with the existing fielded legacy radios. Furthermore, the small spectrum footprint of current narrowband tactical radio waveforms can be complementary to the new wideband data waveforms for providing networking access in a spectrum constrained environment. This paper first describes the networking usage requirements for MANET over legacy narrowband tactical waveforms. Next, the common characteristics of legacy tactical radio waveforms and the implications of such characteristics for the MANET implementation are discussed. Then an actual MANET implementation over a legacy tactical radio waveform on a SDR is presented with the results of actual field tests. Finally, several improvements to this implementation are proposed.
Footbridge Constructed from Glass-Fibre-Reinforced Profiles, Denmark (1999)

In June 1997, a fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) bridge for pedestrians and cyclist was opened at Strandhuse near the Danish town of Kolding. As well as being the first advanced composite bridge in Scandinavia, it has the further distinction of being the first FRP bridge to cross a busy railway line. The cable-stayed bridge is constructed entirely of glass-fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP). Although data on long-term performance are not yet available, the Kolding experience indicates that FRP is a viable material for minor bridges, for swift erection and minimal maintenance are desirable.
The Effect of Pressure on the Bending Characteristics of an Actuator System (1960)

The effect of internal or external pressure on the bending of a cantilevered bellows, the movable end of which is permitted only to rotate about a fixed point on the longitudinal axis of the beam, is investigated. It is found that the bending characteristics of the system vary considerably with changes in pressure and pivot-point location and that instability of the system may occur. The experimental results given lend to confirm the behavior predicted by the theory.
Impact of Hyperpolarization-activated, Cyclic Nucleotide-gated Cation Channel Type 2 for the Xenon-mediated Anesthetic Effect (2015)

Here, we clearly showed that xenon impairs HCN2 channel function, and this impairment is dependent on intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. We provide evidence that this effect reduces thalamocortical signal propagation and probably contributes to the hypnotic properties of xenon.
Causes of neuromuscular weakness in the intensive care unit: A study of ninety-two patients (1998)

The spectrum of neuromuscular disorders among intensive care unit (ICU) patients has shifted toward disorders acquired within the ICU and away from "traditional" neuromuscular disorders that lead to ICU admission. We sought to assess this spectrum by determining the causes and relative frequencies of neuromuscular disorders that led to electromyography (EMG) examinations in our ICU population. Ninety-two patients were studied over a 4 1/2-year period. Twenty-six (28%) had neuromuscular disorders (mainly Guillain-Barré syndrome, myopathy, and motor neuron disease) that led to ICU admission. Among patients who developed weakness in the ICU, there was a predominance of organ transplant patients and patients with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction. Thirty-nine (42%) developed acute myopathy (consistent with critical illness myopathy in most), and 13% developed acute axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (mainly critical illness polyneuropathy). Patients with acute myopathy and acute axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy had similar functional outcomes. We conclude that among patients who underwent EMG in our ICU population, acute myopathy is three times as common as acute axonal polyneuropathy, and the outcomes from acute myopathy and acute axonal polyneuropathy may be similar.
Green Tea Consumption and Mortality Due to Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and All Causes in Japan (2006)

Green tea consumption is associated with reduced mortality due to all causes and due to cardiovascular disease but not with reduced mortality due to cancer.
Incorporating Primal Sketch Based Learning Into Low Bit-Rate Image Compression (2007)

This paper proposes an image compression approach, in which we incorporate primal sketch based learning into the mainstream image compression framework. The key idea of our approach is to use primal sketch information to enhance the quality of distorted images. With this method, we only encode the down-sampled image and use the primal sketch based learning to recover the high frequency information which has been removed by down-sampling. Experimental results demonstrate that our scheme achieves better objective visual quality as well as subjective quality compared with JPEG2000 at the same bit-rates.
Metal-Binding and Nuclease Activity of an Antimicrobial Peptide Analogue of the Salivary Histatin 5 (2006)

The salivary antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 is characterized by its cationic nature, structural flexibility, and the presence of two metal-binding sites (the ATCUN motif and a Zn-binding motif). These properties make this peptide a good model for the design of new drugs of low molecular weight. In this work, we have synthesized and studied a new peptide, an analogue of the histatin 5 named ATCUN-C16, which contains both metal-binding centers. The results show that our 20-residue-derived peptide preserves anticandidal activity and exhibits a higher propensity to assume a stable conformation in a hydrophobic environment than do histatin 5 and the C16 peptide that contains the 16 residues of the C-terminal part of histatin 5, although overall our peptide remains a flexible molecule. ACTUN-C16 was found to bind DNA in a gel retardation assay and to have a nuclease activity in the presence of copper and zinc ions and ascorbate. Its nuclease activity can be attributed to the synergistic action of oxidative and hydrolytic activities due to the Cu-ATCUN complex and to the zinc ion coordination, respectively. The results show a new property of this family of salivary peptides and suggest a novel use of this peptide as a small nuclease and biotechnological tool.
Data classification and sensitivity estimation for critical asset discovery (2016)

Many large-scale data breaches are due to inadequate perimeter protection measures. One way companies can reduce their risk is to build fine-grained perimeters to protect critical assets. To achieve this vision, all assets need to be assigned a sensitivity value that properly indicates their business value and criticality to the organization. Existing classification schemes based on confidentiality, integrity, and availability are not sufficient. To address this need, we have developed <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Enterprise Information Security Management</i> (EISM), which aims to semi-automatically measure the sensitivity levels of enterprise assets including both data and non-data assets. For the assets for which we can access the data content, we measure the sensitivity of an asset based on the sensitivity of the data by applying content analysis and data classification technologies. For the assets for which we cannot access data content, we score and rank the assets using external information such as the attributes of users and their usage patterns. We have piloted our solutions with a number of real-world cases, including the scanning of employees' laptops, classification of business documents, and sensitivity ranking of servers without relying on data content. The experiments showed promising results, confirming that highly accurate and scalable automatic sensitivity estimation is feasible.
Reuse partitioning in cellular networks with dynamic channel allocation (2002)

Great interest, in recent years, has been devoted to mobile communications. The research effort is directed to increasing the capacity of radio systems by applying space reuse techniques. Higher efficiency in the usage of the available frequency spectrum can be obtained either by reducing the cell size, thus requiring the provision of new base stations, or by reusing the available spectrum more efficiently without cell size reduction. In this paper we present a scheme that allows a smooth increase of the capacity of a cellular system for circuit-switching by applying cell-partitioning and by using dynamic channel allocation techniques. The performance of the proposed scheme, in terms of blocking probability, is evaluated both when the position of the mobiles remains unchanged and when mobility is taken into account, both in case of uniform and of hot-spot traffic. The numerical results show that the capacity of the proposed scheme is sensibly higher than that of a fixed allocation scheme.
Assembly of Covalently-Coupled Disulfide Multilayers on Gold (1998)

We report on the spontaneous organization of up to eight covalently attached layers formed on gold from solution phase (α,ω)-dithiols 1,6-hexanedithiol (C6), 1,8-octanedithiol (C8), and 1,9-nonanedithiol (C9). The linking chemistry between layers is the oxidative formation of a sulfur−sulfur bond that competes successfully with intralayer S−S bond formation. We have used optical null ellipsometry, FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) to characterize the multilayers. Once formed, the multilayers are stable when washed with 1 M KCl, water, ethanol, CHCl3 and n-hexane solutions, before and after prolonged exposure to ambient laboratory conditions. In addition to the formation of multilayers, our data point to the efficient oxidation of the interlayer disulfide bond to an oxidized sulfur moiety where the S−S bond remains intact. Extensive oxidation produces a sulfonate-terminated surface that reacts with Zr4+ and alkanebisphosphonates to form a hybrid multilayer assembly.
A New Effective Evolutionary Algorithm for the Vehicle Routing Problem (2009)

By considering the transportation distance, the transportation cost and other objectives simultaneously in real applications, the multi-objective distribution route choice problem model with a single type of objectives is analyzed, and a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is established accordingly. The proposed method which incorporates hybrid hill-climbing and adaptive mutation scheme for local exploitation can effectively improve the weakness of the existing genetic algorithm for VRP and cuts down the chance of the solution falling in local optimization. Simulations on the practical problems indicate that this method is feasible and effective; thereby the improved evolutionary algorithm is suitable to solve some problems for modern logistics system.
Transmission improvement of UMTS and Wi-Fi signals through energy saving glass using FSS (2011)

This paper presents a dual-bandpass (DBP) frequency selective surface (FSS) based on hard-coating energy saving glass (ESG). The objective of this study is to generate a novel design of FSS on ESG, which is to be used for future energy smart buildings at Edith Cowan University (ECU). The ESG is made of a transparent coating of conducting layer on glass substrate, which attenuates infrared (IR) radiations for energy saving purpose. However the coating also attenuates useful UMTS and Wi-Fi signals which are necessary for the communication systems within the University. FSS technique is used to improve transmission of RF/MW signals through ESG by generating an array of patterns in the hard coating layer. The design of the DBP-FSS presented here has achieved transmission requirements for two specific frequency bands, with stable frequency response for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization at normal and oblique incidence angles up to 60°. The double square loop (DSL)-FSS sustains 92.7% efficiency of ESG by attenuating IR radiations. This design methodology can be adapted as a general reference, which is suitable for applications under similar circumstances. Optimized design and theoretical results are presented.
Speaker verification using sequence discriminant support vector machines (2005)

This paper presents a text-independent speaker verification system using support vector machines (SVMs) with score-space kernels. Score-space kernels generalize Fisher kernels and are based on underlying generative models such as Gaussian mixture models (GMMs). This approach provides direct discrimination between whole sequences, in contrast with the frame-level approaches at the heart of most current systems. The resultant SVMs have a very high dimensionality since it is related to the number of parameters in the underlying generative model. To address problems that arise in the resultant optimization we introduce a technique called spherical normalization that preconditions the Hessian matrix. We have performed speaker verification experiments using the PolyVar database. The SVM system presented here reduces the relative error rates by 34% compared to a GMM likelihood ratio system.
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF THE RFID EPC GEN2 PROTOCOL BY EXPLOITING COLLISION RECOVERY (2012)

Maximizing the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) performance is one of the main challenges in application domains, such as logistics and supply chain management, where the undesired effect of Tag collisions can significantly degrade the speed of the inventory process. The dominating UHF EPC Class-1 Generation2 (EPC Gen2) protocol only specifies collision avoidance algorithms but makes no provision for collision resolution. In this paper, performance enhancement of the EPC Gen2 standard exploiting Tag collision recovery is demonstrated, for the first time, in real time with measurements. Three simple and effective approaches to handle successful Tag acknowledgments of recovered collided packets are proposed and implemented on a software-defined Reader and programmable Tags. The attained benefits over the conventional EPC Gen2 MAC scheme are significant: the throughput per time slot is increased by 72% while the overall time required to inventory the Tag population is reduced by 26%. The effectiveness of the proposed approach and the validity of the achieved results are confirmed by the good agreement with simulations reported in the literature.
Packaging effects on reliability of cu/low-k interconnects (2003)

Chip-packaging interaction is becoming a critical reliability issue for Cu/low-k chips during assembly into a plastic flip-chip package. With the traditional TEOS interlevel dielectric being replaced by much weaker low-k dielectrics, packaging induced interfacial delamination in low-k interconnects has been widely observed, raising serious reliability concerns for Cu/low-k chips. In a flip-chip package, the thermal deformation of the package can be directly coupled into the Cu/low-k interconnect structure inducing large local deformation to drive interfacial crack formation. In this paper, we summarize experimental and modeling results from studies performed in our laboratory to investigate the chip-package interaction and its impact on low-k interconnect reliability. We first review the experimental techniques for measuring thermal deformation in a flip-chip package and interfacial fracture energy for low-k interfaces. Then results from three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) based on a multilevel submodeling approach in combination with high-resolution moire/spl acute/ interferometry to investigate the chip-package interaction for low-k interconnects are discussed. Packaging induced crack driving forces for relevant interfaces in Cu/low-k structures are deduced and compared with corresponding interfaces in Cu/TEOS and Al/TEOS structures to assess the effect of ILD on packaging reliability. Our results indicate that packaging assembly can significantly impact wafer-level reliability causing interfacial delamination to become a serious reliability concern for Cu/low-k structures.
Crystallization Process of ZnO:Al Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering. (1995)

ZnO : Al (AZO) films were deposited on glass substrates heated to 450°C by rf magnetron sputtering of a ZnO target containing 2 wt% Al2O3. Resistivity of 7.8×10-4 Ω·cm was obtained in 400-nm-thick AZO films prepared at a sputter argon gas pressure of 1 Pa. Total transmittance of 80% and haze ratio of 58% at a wavelength of 550 nm were obtained in 4000-nm-thick AZO films prepared at a sputter argon gas pressure of 3 Pa, with subsequent postannealing at 450°C for 20 min in N2 atmosphere. The crystallization process of AZO has been investigated by observation with ESEM (environmental scanning electron microscope).
Population fluctuations of Chrysoperla (Chrysopa) sinica (Tjeder) and its attributing factors in the Beijing area (1986)

Six generations of C._ sinica could be reared outdoors in a year in the BeiJing auburba. Observations made during 1980 to 1983 showed that C, sinica overwinters aa adult from late September to mid March mainly in rock crevices and debria in the mountainous region. In spring, the population remained low in the plain agricultural area until July and August, when two adult peaks occurred respectively. Adult population declined drsmaticly after September, resulting from harvesting of field crops. Conseqently, the adults dispersed to and formed a distinctive peak in the mountainous region, where food source and shelters of C. ainica are more adequate than that In the plain. Another adult peak in the area was observed in late spring. It is hence believed that the mountainous region serves aa a reservoir of C. ainica during winter and the source of the initiating population in the plain for the following year. High adult mortality during the overwintering period appeared to be mainly responsible for the low spring population level in the plain area. Manipulation of cropping systems and inoculative releases of C, ainica ara recommended to enhance the predator's population in the early aeason.