gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of annealing atmosphere on the structural and optical properties of the Nb‐doped β‐Ga <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> films (2018)

The Nb‐doped β‐Ga 2 O 3 (β‐Ga 2 O 3 :Nb) thin films have been deposited on the Si and quartz substrates by radio‐frequency magnetron technique in argon ambient. The effects of annealing atmosphere on the structural and optical properties of β‐Ga 2 O 3 :Nb thin films have been investigated. The crystallinity of β‐Ga 2 O 3 :Nb film is improved obviously after annealing. An increase in surface roughness is observed on annealed films. The bandgap from 5.19 to 5.26 eV is obtained after annealing in different atmosphere, which is larger than the 5.09 eV before annealing. Moreover, the red‐shift of photoluminescence emission peak is observed after annealing, and the annealing atmosphere has an influence on the peak intensity.
New lateral DMOS and IGBT structures realized on a partial SOI substrate based on LEGO process (2005)

In this paper, we present new lateral DMOS and IGBT structures based on a partial SOI substrate. The partial SOI substrate, formed through LEGO recrystallization process improves considerably the breakdown capability and the thermal behavior of these devices compared to full SOI devices. Experimental results of high voltage power devices implemented on such a process are presented for the first time.
Genetic susceptibility to murine collagen II autoimmune arthritis. Proposed relationship to the IgG2 autoantibody subclass response, complement C5, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC loci. (1985)

Analysis of the IgG autoantibody subclass response in the collagen II autoimmune arthritis (CII AIA)-susceptible D1 strain mice revealed that the onset of disease was associated with a predominance of IgG2a autoantibody. In a comparative study, resistance in the B6 strain was associated with a deficient IgG2a autoantibody response. B6 IgG1, 2b, and 3 autoantibody responses generally overlapped those of arthritic D1 mice, and estimates of antibody crossreactivity and affinity were similar for both strains. In crosses between D1 and B6, arthritis developed only in those F1 mice with IgG2a autoantibody responses approximating or exceeding those in arthritic D1 mice. Additional studies with B6 and B10 strains suggested an alternate role for the IgG2b autoantibody response. In inbred strains with known genetic backgrounds, a dissociation between the magnitude of the total IgG autoantibody response and the percent of total as IgG2a was demonstrated. The H-2q, Ig-1c D1 strain was a high-total and high-percent IgG2a responder, while the H-2d, Ig-1c D2 strain was a low-total but high-percent IgG2a responder. The H-2b, Ig-1b B6 strain was a low-total and low-percent IgG2a responder, while the H-2b/q, Ig-1b/c (B6D1)F1 hybrid was a low-total but high-percent IgG2a responder. A further dissociation between high-percent IgG2a autoantibody responsiveness and the H-2 haplotype was demonstrated by the H-2 congenic B10.D2/n (H-2d, Ig-1b) strain, in which a low-percent IgG2a response was observed to differ from the D2 strain. High-percent IgG2a autoantibody responsiveness also appeared to be inherited as a dominant trait based upon high responses in all (B6D1)F1 hybrids and backcrosses to D1. These findings suggest that the H-2 haplotype is involved in the total IgG autoantibody response but that the relative fraction of the total response as IgG2a is independent of the H-2 haplotype and possibly related to Igh-C genes. C5-deficient SWR (H-2q, Ig-1c) mice were found to have a high total autoantibody response to mouse CII and IgG2a comparable to arthritic D1 mice, but these mice did not develop arthritis. Based upon these observations, we conclude that susceptibility to CII AIA requires the interaction of multiple genes, both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC, which influence the magnitude (total IgG) and the quality (IgG subclass) of the autoimmune response and the availability of appropriate mediators (C5) to initiate the inflammatory reaction.
An overmodulation strategy for PWM voltage inverters (2002)

Pulse width modulated (PWM) inverters experience a reduction in gain when overmodulation occurs. The pulse dropping or transition region is examined for continuous and discontinuous modulation strategies. Transition region characteristics for a number of modulation strategies are introduced. The effect of the transition region on field oriented control is presented. The adverse effects of bus disturbances on current regulated AC inverters, while in the transition region, are demonstrated by experimental results. The problems encountered are the consequence of the reduced gain of the PWM inverter regardless of the PWM strategy. A compensated modulation technique (CMT) adaptable to continuous and discontinuous modulators eliminates the voltage error and transitions to six-step operation without inducing a voltage transient. The CMT applies to voltage and current regulated PWM inverters employing most of the modern switching strategies. Experimental results presented in the paper demonstrate the CMT's smooth transition to six-step and the improved performance a CMT-PWM algorithm provides.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Privacy-Aware Proximity Based Services (2009)

Proximity based services are location based services (LBS) in which the service adaptation depends on the comparison between a given threshold value and the distance between a user and other (possibly moving) entities. While privacy preservation in LBS has lately received much attention, very limited work has been done on privacy-aware proximity based services. This paper describes the main privacy threats that the usage of these services can lead to, and proposes original privacy preservation techniques offering different trade-offs between quality of service and privacy preservation. The properties of the proposed algorithms are formally proved, and an extensive experimental work illustrates the practicality of the approach.
Clinical Usefulness of TSAb Assay with High Polyethylene Glycol Concentrations (1999)

We previously demonstrated the stimulatory effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb)-IgG-stimulated cAMP production (thyroid stimulating (TS) index) in porcine thyroid cell (PTC) assay. In the present study the clinical usefulness of the practical method using high PEG concentrations was examined. TS activity using PEG 22.5% precipitated fraction (PF) was significantly higher compared to standard TSAb activity using 12.5% PF from TSAb-positive serum, but the maximum TS activity was observed with PEG 12.5% PF + 4% PEG or PEG 22.5% PF + 2% PEG. In all cases of untreated Graves' patients, TSAb activity determined by PEG 22.5% PF was higher compared to standard TSAb activity using PEG 12. 5% PF from test serum, but the highest TSAb activity was observed by PEG 12.5% PF + 4% PEG without increased cAMP production to normal serum. TSAb was positive in 85% (40/47), 98% (46/47) and 100% (47/47) of untreated Graves' patients by the method of PEG 12.5% PF, PEG 22.5% PF and PEG 12.5% + 4% PEG, respectively. Increased TSAb activity by PEG 12.5% PF + 4% PEG method was also observed even if the standard TSAb activity using PEG 12.5% PF method was negative in the euthyroid states of Graves' patients during antithyroid drug therapy. The stimulatory effect of PEG on TS activity was not found in other thyroidal diseases [thyroiditis chronica (with high serum TSH), thyroid stimulation-blocking antibody (TSBAb)-positive sera (with low serum TSH), adenomatous goiter, subacute thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer]. The stimulatory effect of 5% PEG on TS activity produced directly by small amounts of Graves' serum (50 microl) was also found, although the sensitivity was lower than with PEG-precipitated IgG from 0.2 ml serum. The clinical usefulness of the sensitive TSAb assay using PEG-precipitated IgG or direct serum assay in the presence of high PEG concentrations was demonstrated.
Simultaneous, noninvasive measurements of convective heat transfer and solid volume fraction at the wall of an entrained gas–solid suspension (2000)

We describe an instrument for local, instantaneous, noninvasive, simultaneous measurements of solid volume fraction and convective heat transfer at the wall of a vertical tube containing a relatively dense, entrained suspension of gas and fine solids. The instrument combines a small platinum coil and a guarded capacitance sensor. The capacitance sensor records instantaneous solid volume fraction in the near vicinity of the wall. The coil is maintained at constant temperature by a rapid anemometer bridge circuit. The vessel is wrapped in electric heaters to avoid artificially high rates associated with developing heat transfer and to minimize conduction losses from the coil. Using a model capturing these losses, convective heat transfer rates are inferred from the power input to the coil. The instrument is tested in a cold circulating fluidized bed riser. The temporal response of the thermal sensor is faster than 30 ms.
The Effect of Isovolemic Hemodilution with Oxycyte®, a Perfluorocarbon Emulsion, on Cerebral Blood Flow in Rats (2008)

Hemodilution with Oxycyte was accompanied with higher CaO(2) and PO(2) than control group treated with albumin alone. This effect may be partially responsible for maintaining relatively constant CBF and not allowing the elevated blood flow that was observed with albumin.
FIRM: a class of distributed scheduling algorithms for high-speed ATM switches with multiple input queues (2002)

Advanced input queuing is an attractive, promising architecture for high-speed ATM switches, because it combines the low cost of input queuing with the high performance of output queuing. The need for scalable schedulers for advanced input queuing switch architectures has led to the development of efficient distributed scheduling algorithms. We introduce a new distributed scheduling algorithm, FIRM, which provides improved performance characteristics over alternative distributed algorithms. FIRM achieves saturation throughput 1 with lower delay than the most efficient alternative (up to 50% at high load). Furthermore, it provides improved fairness (it approximates FCFS) and tighter service guarantee than others. FIRM provides a basis for a class of distributed scheduling algorithms, many of which provide even more improved performance characteristics.
Thermophilic anaerobes in Arctic marine sediments induced to mineralize complex organic matter at high temperature (2010)

Marine sediments harbour diverse populations of dormant thermophilic bacterial spores that become active in sediment incubation experiments at much higher than in situ temperature. This response was investigated in the presence of natural complex organic matter in sediments of two Arctic fjords, as well as with the addition of freeze-dried Spirulina or individual high-molecular-weight polysaccharides. During 50 degrees C incubation experiments, Arctic thermophiles catalysed extensive mineralization of the organic matter via extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation and sulfate reduction. This high temperature-induced food chain mirrors sediment microbial processes occurring at cold in situ temperatures (near 0 degrees C), yet it is catalysed by a completely different set of microorganisms. Using sulfate reduction rates (SRR) as a proxy for organic matter mineralization showed that differences in organic matter reactivity determined the extent of the thermophilic response. Fjord sediments with higher in situ SRR also supported higher SRR at 50 degrees C. Amendment with Spirulina significantly increased volatile fatty acids production and SRR relative to unamended sediment in 50 degrees C incubations. Spirulina amendment also revealed temporally distinct sulfate reduction phases, consistent with 16S rRNA clone library detection of multiple thermophilic Desulfotomaculum spp. enriched at 50 degrees C. Incubations with four different fluorescently labelled polysaccharides at 4 degrees C and 50 degrees C showed that the thermophilic population in Arctic sediments produce a different suite of polymer-hydrolysing enzymes than those used in situ by the cold-adapted microbial community. Over time, dormant marine microorganisms like these are buried in marine sediments and might eventually encounter warmer conditions that favour their activation. Distinct enzymatic capacities for organic polymer degradation could allow specific heterotrophic populations like these to play a role in sustaining microbial metabolism in the deep, warm, marine biosphere.
Disease-specific Reference Equations for Lung Function in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (2005)

CF-specific reference equations allow individual patients' FEV1 to be placed in the context of the distribution of lung function of their peers with CF, and should improve generalizability of CF clinical trials by setting entry criteria that are equitable across sex and age ranges. They may serve as a useful adjunct to conventional reference equations.
Electrically Excited, Localized Infrared Emission from Single Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) produce band gap derived infrared emission under both ambipolar and unipolar transport conditions. We demonstrate here that heterogeneities/defects in the local environment of a CNTFET perturb the local potentials and, as a result, the characteristic bias dependent motion of the ambipolar light emission. Such defects can also introduce localized infrared emission due to impact excitation by carriers accelerated by a voltage drop at the defect. The correlation of the change in the motion of the ambipolarlight emission and of the stationary electroluminescence with the electrical characteristics of the CNTFETs shows that stationaryelectroluminescence can identify "environmental defects" in carbon nanotubes and help evaluate their influence on electrical transport and device operation. A number of different defects are studied involving local dielectric environment changes (partially polymer-covered nanotubes), nanotube-nanotube contacts in looped nanotubes, and nanotube segments close to the electronic contacts. Random defects due to local charging are also observed.
Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Immunotherapy (1989)

With the description of the hybridoma technique by Kohler and Milstein (7), it became apparent that monoclonal antibodies were novel reagents with potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant diseases. It was hoped that the antigenic specificity intrinsic to these new immunological reagents could be translated into methods of attacking cancers with a degree of specificity not attainable by other modes of treatment. These hopes have remained largely unfulfilled owing to the great difficulty in identifying tumor-specific target antigens (2). However, despite the lack of absolute targeting specificity, advances have been made in the use of monoclonal antibodies as vehicles to deliver toxins, drugs, and radioisotopes to malignant cells. Clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated antigens are under way (3). Malignancies of B and T cells are exceptions in that these cells produce unique antigens that are essential components of normal humoral arid cellular immune responses. Thus, the idiotypes of surface immunoglobulins and the variable regions of T-cell receptors are highly specific antigenic determinants on malignant lymphocytes, which can be exploited as targets for monoclonal antibodies. In perhaps the most impressive use of monoclonal antibodies to treat a human malignancy, a patient with a B-cell lymphoma went into complete clinical remission for 6 years following anti-idiotypic antibody therapy (4).
Applications of a Near Surface Disconnectable Drilling Riser in Deepwater (1998)

Abstract For deepwater offshore drilling operations, planning and operations must take into account the necessary time required to pull the drilling riser in case of an emergency. Operational limitations prevent the complete recovery of the riser prior to location evacuation, and physical limitations may cause a riser to stress fail catastrophically if hung off. Uncertainties in predicting the size and course of storms combined with the above limitations severely restrict the operational envelope of deepwater riser drilling. Both operators and contractors would benefit from a system that would allow a riser to be abandoned and later re-entered easily in deepwater. P. 331
An automated routing method for VLSI with three interconnection layers (1986)

Recently, to the extent allowed by the fabricating technology, approaches have been made to develop an automated router for the multi-layer IC layout design. In this thesis, we examine the VLSI routing problem where three layers are available for interconnection;We investigate the routing problem in three stages: global routing, power/ground routing, and channel routing. The global routing for three-interconnection layer model is not much different from that of two-layer madel. We study the global routing problem for two cases: gate array and general cell layout. In our three-layer grid model, power/ground wires keep the direction-per-layer scheme as signal net wires. However, the power/ground routing is further constrained by the width of wires and the layers they are laid on;The channel routing stage of our router is based on directional model where overlaps of horizontal wire segments are allowed. We improve the dogleg method so that it is applicable to the three-layer model and it can handle multi-terminal nets more efficiently. Applying the extensive dogleg method and the three-layer merge algorithm, we not only remove the cyclic vertical constraints graph but also eliminate the effect of the height of long vertical constraints tree to the channel width and thus we reduce the lower bound of the channel width to half of the density of the channel. We expand the applicability of channel router by eliminating some of the limitations assumed in channel routing problems by some existing algorithms. Routability conditions are examined for various cases of channel routing problem;The major result presented in this dissertation is an algorithm for a channel routing problem. Given a rectangular channel with terminals on top and bottom sides, the algorithm will find a three-layer channel routing which minimizes the channel width and the wire length. Experimental results show that our router is close to optimal.
Max Consensus in the Presence of Additive Noise (2018)

The analysis of a distributed consensus algorithm for estimating the maximum of the node initial state values in a network is considered in the presence of communication noise. Conventionally, the maximum is estimated by updating the node state value with the largest received measurements in every iteration at each node. However, due to additive channel noise, the estimate of the maximum at each node has a positive drift at each iteration and this results in nodes diverging from the true max value. Max-plus algebra is used to study this ergodic process, wherein, at each iteration, the state values are multiplied by a random matrix characterized by the noise distribution. The growth rate of the state values due to noise is studied by analyzing the Lyapunov exponent of the product of noise matrices in a max-plus semiring. The growth rate of the state values is bounded by a constant which depends on the spectral radius of the network and the noise variance. Simulation results supporting the theory are also presented.
A theory of a nonuniform transmission line and the structure of signal flow (1981)

Abstract This paper deals principally with the phenomenological description and structural analysis of the signal flow of a nonuniform transmission line and presents a theoretical discussion, including the traditional theories, of the uniform transmission line. Due to the existence of local multiple reflections caused by nonuniformity, the phenomena on the nonuniform transmission line cannot be as clearly described as in the case of the uniform transmission line. The reason for existence of the local multiple reflections, however, is the lack of appropriate selection of the incident and reflected waves from the solutions of the transmission line equation. From such a viewpoint, this paper newly defines the incident and reflected waves as waves obtained by exciting a semiinfinite transmission line in the positive or negative direction. According to this definition, the two waves are not coupled and do not produce the local multiple reflections due to the nonuniformity. Thus, using such incident and reflected waves, a unified analysis can be made for the transmission line, independently of whether it is uniform or nonuniform. At the same time, the signal‐flow structure for such phenomena as reflection, matching and resonance can clearly be described. Using the concept of signal flow, the ultimate expressions for various quantities can easily be reached.
Splicing in Caenorhabditis elegans does not require an AG at the 3' splice acceptor site. (1993)

The dinucleotide AG, found at the 3' end of virtually all eukaryotic pre-mRNA introns, is thought to be essential for splicing. Reduction-of-function mutations in two Caenorhabditis elegans genes, the receptor tyrosine kinase gene let-23 and the collagen gene dpy-10, both alter the AG at the end of a short (ca. 50-nucleotide) intron to AA. The in vivo effects of these mutations were studied by sequencing polymerase chain reaction-amplified reverse-transcribed RNA isolated from the two mutants. As expected, we find transcripts that splice to a cryptic AG, skip an exon, and retain an unspliced intron. However, we also find significant levels of splicing at the mutated 3' splice site (AA) and at nearby non-AG dinucleotides. Our results indicate that for short C. elegans introns an AG is not required for splicing at either the correct 3' splice site or incorrect sites. Analysis of a splice site mutant involving a longer, 316-nucleotide C. elegans intron indicates that an AG is also not required there for splicing. We hypothesize that elements besides the invariant AG, e.g., an A-U-rich region, a UUUC motif, and/or a potential branch point sequence, are directing the selection of the 3' splice site and that in wild-type genes these elements cooperate so that proper splicing occurs.
Henderson's dictionary of biological terms (1990)

Preface Abbreviations Units and conversions SI prefixes. Greek alphabet Common Latin and Greek noun endings The Dictionary - Appendices: Structural formulae Outline of the Plant Kingdom Outline of the Fungi (Kingdom Mycetae) Outline of the Animal Kingdom Outline of the Prokaryotes (Kingdom Prokaryotae) Virus families Etymological origins of some common word elements in biology
A procedure for the preparation of fluorescence-labeled DNA with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (1988)

Journal Article A procedure for the preparation of fluorescence-labeled DNA with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase Get access George L. Trainor, George L. Trainor Central Research and Development Department and Medical Products DepartmentE.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Experimental Station, Wilmington, DE 19898, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark A. Jensen Mark A. Jensen * Central Research and Development Department and Medical Products DepartmentE.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Experimental Station, Wilmington, DE 19898, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 24, 23 December 1988, Page 11846, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.24.11846 Published: 23 December 1988 Article history Accepted: 03 October 1988 Published: 23 December 1988