gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Risk‐aware Path Planning for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles using Predictive Ocean Models (2013)

Recent advances in Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) technology have facilitated the collection of oceanographic data at a fraction of the cost of ship‐based sampling methods. Unlike oceanographic data collection in the deep ocean, operation of AUVs in coastal regions exposes them to the risk of collision with ships and land. Such concerns are particularly prominent for slow‐moving AUVs since ocean current magnitudes are often strong enough to alter the planned path significantly. Prior work using predictive ocean currents relies upon deterministic outcomes, which do not account for the uncertainty in the ocean current predictions themselves. To improve the safety and reliability of AUV operation in coastal regions, we introduce two stochastic planners: (a) a Minimum Expected Risk planner and (b) a risk‐aware Markov Decision Process , both of which have the ability to utilize ocean current predictions probabilistically. We report results from extensive simulation studies in realistic ocean current fields obtained from widely used regional ocean models. Our simulations show that the proposed planners have lower collision risk than state‐of‐the‐art methods. We present additional results from field experiments where ocean current predictions were used to plan the paths of two Slocum gliders. Field trials indicate the practical usefulness of our techniques over long‐term deployments, showing them to be ideal for AUV operations.
Computer-supported cooperative work: a book of readings (1988)

Early Visions Early Research Projects Related Technologies Domain-Specific Coordination Support Support for Meetings Technology Recent Theoretical Approaches Empirical Studies
The Efficacy of Women's Resistance Strategies in Rape Situations (1993)

The effectiveness of women's resistance strategies for reducing the severity of sexual abuse and physical injury during sexual assaults was analyzed in a variety of assault circumstances. Data were obtained from police reports and court testimonies of 274 women (96% White, 4% Black) who either were raped or avoided rape by subsequently incarcerated violent stranger rapists. Statistical analyses showed that particular resistance strategies were effective in specific situations. Women who fought back forcefully were more likely to avoid rape than women who did not fight back, regardless of whether a weapon was present. Forceful fighting resistance was related to increased physical injury when a weapon was present, but most physical injury was caused by nonlethal weapons. Women who screamed or fled when confronted with weapons experienced less severe sexual abuse. Increased physical injury was associated with pleading, crying, or reasoning indoors. Women who used drugs or alcohol experienced more severe sexual abuse and physical injury.
Experimentally induced phonation increases matrix metalloproteinase‐1 gene expression in normal rabbit vocal fold (2008)

Matrix metalloproteinases play a role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Investigation of cellular responses to experimental phonation may provide insight into how matrix metalloproteinases and other extracellular matrices contribute to maintenance of the vocal fold and development of pathology.
Characterization and modeling of Er/Yb-codoped fibers (1999)

Methods for the characterization and a numerical model of Er<SUP>3+</SUP>/Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> codoped fibers for power fiber amplifiers and lasers are presented. The main goal of the developed model is to predict gain characteristics of an actual Er<SUP>3+</SUP>/Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> fiber in the large-signal regime of operation. The numerical model is based on an iterative solution of the fiber propagation and the laser rate equations. The parameters of doping are obtained from the measurements of the saturation of absorption at a specific wavelength in the Er<SUP>3+</SUP>/Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> doped fiber by fitting the measured curves of the absorption saturation using the developed theoretical model. For the parameters obtained, the numerical simulations of the gain are compared with the measured gain.
Silicon:germanium-based mixed-signal technology for optimization of wired and wireless telecommunications (2000)

The need to serve the explosion in data bandwidth demand for fixed and mobile applications has driven transistor performance requirements beyond the reach of conventional silicon devices. Scaling limits of silicon-based bipolar transistors have been encountered, confining further performance gains by traditional means, but cost considerations favor the continued use of silicon-derived technology solutions. Silicon:germanium (Si:Ge) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) and subsequent generations of highly integrated SiGe BiCMOS processes stem from long-term efforts initiated at IBM to develop such a silicon-derived technology. This paper reviews the application-driven origins of this SiGe technology, how it has evolved, and how limits to conventional silicon bipolar scaling have enhanced its adoption in the semiconductor industry. Examples of the entry of this technology into commercialapplications in the wired and wireless marketplace are discussed.
The Influence of Androgens on Paralysis in Mice Following Intravenous Inoculation of Herpes Simplex Virus (1987)

In mice, intravenous inoculation of relatively avirulent strains of herpes simplex virus [e.g. P2C6, a mutant of strain CL(101), deficient in thymidine kinase] produced infection in the adrenal gland and mid-spinal cord followed by hind limb paralysis without death. Male mice were less susceptible to paralysis than female mice. Castration of male mice before inoculation increased their susceptibility to that of female animals; treatment with testosterone reversed this change. The differences in susceptibility to paralysis in the various categories of animal were not reflected in differences in growth of virus in the adrenal gland or spinal cord.
Review: morphological changes associated with endolymphatic hydrops. (1993)

Endolymphatic hydrops of the inner ear is identified as a swelling of the endolymphatic spaces. This morphopathology in man can only be confirmed at post-mortem examination although it is believed to underlie the auditory dysfunction and vestibular disturbances associated with Menière's disease. This is an illusive inner ear disorder characterized typically by the fluctuant hearing loss, tinnitus and episodes of vertigo. Menière's disease remains a major problem in otorhinolaryngology since the cause of the disease is not known and various treatments are recommended, often with unsatisfactory results. Experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops in the animal model has been developed in order to understand better the consequences of this morphopathology on inner ear structure and function. Further investigations on the model might, in the future, lead to a more efficient management of the disorder.
Modulation of osteoblast behaviour by tenascin (1996)

The extracellular matrix protein tenascin is secreted by osteoblasts but absent from mineralized bone matrix. The current study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that tenascin regulates osteoblast behaviour. Three osteoblast-like cell lines UMR-106, ROS-17/2.8 (rat) and SAOS-2 (human) were used to investigate the role of tenascin in osteoblast morphology, differentiation and proliferation. Two of three cell lines adhered specifically to tenascin, remaining round and failing to spread. Tenascin as a substratum stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity (a marker of osteoblast differentiation) in two of three cell lines. Moreover, anti-tenascin in the medium caused a reduction in alkaline phosphatase levels in all three cell lines. Anti-tenascin also inhibited collagen synthesis, an important osteoblast function. Since it seemed possible that tenascin may exert its effects on cell function through its ability to cause cell rounding, the ability of cell shape change alone to influence alkaline phosphatase levels was investigated. Cells were incubated in the presence of cytochalasin D and alkaline phosphatase levels assayed. Alkaline phosphatase activity was not elevated by cytochalasin D treatment, indicating that cell rounding alone is insufficient to mimic the effect of tenascin. Anti-tenascin caused a slight increase in proliferation of SAOS-2 cells, indicating that tenascin is itself inhibitory. In ROS 17/2.8 and UMR-106 cells, in contrast, proliferation was inhibited by anti-tenascin. The results presented here indicate that tenascin is able to stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and that endogenous tenascin helps to maintain the functional state of cultured osteoblast-like cells.
A study of the removal characteristics of heavy metals from wastewater by low-cost adsorbents (2011)

In this study, the adsorption behavior of some low-cost adsorbents such as peanut husk charcoal, fly ash, and natural zeolite, with respect to Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions, has been studied in order to consider its application to the purification of metal finishing wastewater. The batch method was employed: parameters such as pH, contact time, and initial metal concentration were studied. The influence of the pH of the metal ion solutions on the uptake levels of the metal ions by the different adsorbents used were carried out between pH 4 and pH 11. The optimum pH for copper and zinc removal was 6 in the case of peanut husk charcoal and natural zeolite, and it was 8 in case of fly ash. An equilibrium time of 2 h was required for the adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions onto peanut husk charcoal and fly ash and an equilibrium time 3 h was required for the adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions onto natural zeolite. Adsorption parameters were determined using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, but the experimental data were better fitted to the Langmuir equation than to Freundlich equation. The results showed that peanut husk charcoal, fly ash and natural zeolite all hold potential to remove cationic heavy metal species from industrial wastewater in the order fly ash < peanut husk charcoal < natural zeolite.
Formation of Huge Length Silica Nanotubes by a Templating Mechanism in the Laurylamine/Tetraethoxysilane System (1999)

Nanosize bundles of huge lengths of silica-nanotubes were synthesized by a surfactant-assisted templating mechanism in a laurylamine hydrochloride/tetraethoxysilane system with the aid of trimethylsilylation treatment. The transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the formation of the bundles of silica nanotubes mentioned above. The trimethylsilylation treatment prevents the condensation reaction of silanol groups between different bundles, provides very long bundles of nanosize tubules, and also removes surfactants from the inside of silica nanotubes without calcination.
GEOSTAR - a microwave sounder for GOES-R (2005)

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has for many years operated two weather satellite systems, the Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite system (POES), using low-earth orbiting (LEO) satellites, and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite system (GOES), using geostationary earth orbiting (GEO) satellites. Similar systems are also operated by other nations. The POES satellites have been equipped with both infrared (IR) and microwave (MW) atmospheric sounders, which together make it possible to determine the vertical distribution of temperature and humidity in the troposphere even under cloudy conditions.
Ion induced magnetization reorientation in Co/Pt multilayers for patterned media (2000)

Co/Pt multilayer films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and large out-of-plane coercivities of 3.9–8.5 kOe have been found to undergo a spin reorientation transition from out-of-plane to in-plane upon irradiation with 700 keV nitrogen ions. X-ray reflectivity experiments show that the multilayer structure gets progressively disrupted with increasing ion dose, providing direct evidence for local atomic displacements at the Co/Pt interfaces. This effectively destroys the magnetic interface anisotropy, which was varied by about a factor of 2, between KS≅0.4 erg/cm2 and KS≅0.85 erg/cm2 for two particular films. The dose required to initiate spin-reorientation, 6×1014 N+/cm2 and 1.5×1015 N+/cm2, respectively, scales with KS. It is roughly equal to the number of Co interface atoms per unit interface area contributing to KS.
Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer (1996)

Abstract This paper examines interfirm knowledge transfers within strategic alliances. Using a new measure of changes in alliance partners' technological capabilities, based on the citation patterns of their patent portfolios, we analyze changes in the extent to which partner firms' technological resources ‘overlap’ as a result of alliance participation. This measure allows us to test hypotheses from the literature on interfirm knowledge transfer in alliances, with interesting results: we find support for some elements of this ‘received wisdom’—equity arrangements promote greater knowledge transfer, and ‘absorptive capacity’ helps explain the extent of technological capability transfer, at least in some alliances. But the results also suggest limits to the ‘capabilities acquisition’ view of strategic alliances. Consistent with the argument that alliance activity can promote increased specialization, we find that the capabilities of partner firms become more divergent in a substantial subset of alliances.
Cellular imaging of deep organ using two-photon Bessel light-sheet nonlinear structured illumination microscopy (2014)

In vivo fluorescent cellular imaging of deep internal organs is highly challenging, because the excitation needs to penetrate through strong scattering tissue and the emission signal is degraded significantly by photon diffusion induced by tissue-scattering. We report that by combining two-photon Bessel light-sheet microscopy with nonlinear structured illumination microscopy (SIM), live samples up to 600 microns wide can be imaged by light-sheet microscopy with 500 microns penetration depth, and diffused background in deep tissue light-sheet imaging can be reduced to obtain clear images at cellular resolution in depth beyond 200 microns. We demonstrate in vivo two-color imaging of pronephric glomeruli and vasculature of zebrafish kidney, whose cellular structures located at the center of the fish body are revealed in high clarity by two-color two-photon Bessel light-sheet SIM.
A 2.5-V, 1-W monolithic CMOS RF power amplifier (2002)

A monolithic CMOS RF power amplifier has been designed and fabricated in a standard 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and shown to provide l-W of output power at 824-849 MHz to a 50-ohm load from a single 2.5-V supply. The prototype amplifier has a measured drain efficiency of 62%, an overall power-added efficiency of 42%, a power gain of 25 dB, and a total die area of 1.5 mm/sup 2/.
A 0.15 μm DRAM technology node for 4 Gb DRAM (2002)

The DRAM process technology has been on the leading edge of semiconductor technology, and the density of DRAM has been quadrupled every three years. 1 Gb DRAM based on the 0.18 /spl mu/m technology node (generation) was successfully manufactured and much attention is now given to the process technology for 4 Gb DRAM based on 0.15 /spl mu/m technology node or smaller than 0.15 /spl mu/m technology node. 0.15 /spl mu/m technology node is considered to be transition node between 0.18 /spl mu/m which KrF lithography is used on 200 mm wafers and 0.13 /spl mu/m node in which ArF lithography will be used on 300 mm wafers. In this paper, key process and integration technologies for 0.15 /spl mu/m DRAM technology node are developed in order to satisfy both 0.18 /spl mu/m technology node and 0.13 /spl mu/m node. The process and integration technologies employed in 0.15 /spl mu/m technology node are verified with an experimental 16 Mb DRAM.
Resonant light scattering from individual Ag nanoparticles and particle pairs (2002)

Light scattering by individual Ag nanoparticles and structures have been studied spectroscopically. Individual particles were selected and manipulated with a micromanipulator installed inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). With typical particle dimensions of some 100 nm, the plasma resonances of particles and the coupled modes of particle pairs were observed in the visible region. The polarization dependence of the resonance frequencies strongly reflects the shape anisotropy; the effect that would be averaged out for experiments on ensembles. With a simple approximation to take the glass substrate into account, the results are in good agreement with the analytical calculations by Mie scattering, and with numerical calculations by the finite-difference time-domain method, both of which are performed with the morphological parameters obtained from the SEM observation for the corresponding particle or particle pair.
Investigation of realistic dopant fluctuation induced device characteristics variation for sub-100 nm CMOS by using atomistic 3D process/device simulator (2003)

We have investigated device characteristics fluctuations of deep sub-100 nm CMOS devices induced by the statistical nature of the number and position of discrete dopant atoms by using newly developed three dimensional atomistic device simulator coupled with realistic atomistic process simulator. The gate length dependence of threshold voltage and drain current fluctuations for both p- and n-MOSFETs has been calculated. Coupling of the atomistic process and device simulations enables us to perform sensitivity analysis of the threshold voltage fluctuation in terms of independent dopant contribution, such as that of the dopant in the source/drain or channel region.
ChemInform Abstract: The Design, Synthesis, and Physical Chemical Properties of Novel Human Vasopressin V<sub>2</sub>‐Receptor Antagonists Optimized for Parenteral Delivery. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
UV-Patterning of Ion Conducting Negative Tone Photoresists Using Azide-Functionalized Poly(Ionic Liquid)s (2014)

The patterning of solid electrolytes that builds upon traditional fabrication of semiconductors is described. An azide-functionalized poly(1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquid) is used as an ion conducting negative tone photoresist. After UV-irradiation through an optical mask, micron-scaled, patterned, solid polyelectrolyte layers with controlled sizes and shapes are obtained. Furthermore, alkylation of poly(1,2,3-triazole)s can be generalized to the synthesis of poly(ionic liquid)s with a tunable amount of pendant functionalities.
Synthesis of 3‘-Fluoro-2‘,3‘-dideoxy-2‘,3‘-didehydro-4‘-ethynyl-<scp>d</scp>- and -<scp>l</scp>-furanosyl Nucleosides (2004)

An efficient procedure has been developed for the synthesis of 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-4'-ethynyl D- and L-furanosyl nucleosides (1 and 2) starting from 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-glyceraldehyde. The key intermediate 1-O-benzoyl-3E-fluoro-3,4-unsaturated-5,6-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-hexanone 8 was obtained in nine steps with the overall yield of 22%. The alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone 8 was then treated with ethynylmagnesium bromide in a typical Grignard reaction procedure to afford the two intermediates 9 and 10, which after deprotection, oxidation, and acetylation gave the corresponding 4-ethynyl-substituted D- and L-sugar moieties 15 and 16, respectively. A series of D- and L-pyrimidine and purine nucleosides were prepared by the coupling of the sugar moieties with various silylprotected bases. The anomeric mixtures were obtained after condensation. After separation, the beta-isomers were further deprotected to yield the target nucleosides. All the newly synthesized 4'-substituted nucleosides were tested for their activities against HIV, among which the D-adenine derivative showed moderate anti-HIV activity (EC(50) = 25.1 microM) without significant cytotoxicity.
A loop transformation theory and an algorithm to maximize parallelism (1991)

An approach to transformations for general loops in which dependence vectors represent precedence constraints on the iterations of a loop is presented. Therefore, dependences extracted from a loop nest must be lexicographically positive. This leads to a simple test for legality of compound transformations: any code transformation that leaves the dependences lexicographically positive is legal. The loop transformation theory is applied to the problem of maximizing the degree of coarse- or fine-grain parallelism in a loop nest. It is shown that the maximum degree of parallelism can be achieved by transforming the loops into a nest of coarsest fully permutable loop nests and wavefronting the fully permutable nests. The canonical form of coarsest fully permutable nests can be transformed mechanically to yield maximum degrees of coarse- and/or fine-grain parallelism. The efficient heuristics can find the maximum degrees of parallelism for loops whose nesting level is less than five.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HEAT TRANSFER DURING FREEZING OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS (1990)

The present work gives an overview of the models used to describe the process of freezing biological materials. The first model analyzed is that of a homogeneous saline solution. Experimental results are used to validate the analytical studies. Based on these results, the inverse method technique, which is used to obtain boundary conditions that maintain optimal thermal conditions, is discussed. Also, a model for heat transfer by perfusion is evaluated. Based on new experimental studies on the process of freezing liver tissue, a theory is proposed to describe the freezing phenomenon in tissue and possible mechanisms for damage. Finally, the insights gained through these new experiments are used to develop a new general energy equation to model the freezing process in biological tissue.
The Role of NKT Cells in Glioblastoma (2021)

Glioblastoma is an aggressive and deadly cancer, but to date, immunotherapies have failed to make significant strides in improving prognoses for glioblastoma patients. One of the current challenges to developing immunological interventions for glioblastoma is our incomplete understanding of the numerous immunoregulatory mechanisms at play in the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. We propose that Natural Killer T (NKT) cells, which are unconventional T lymphocytes that recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules, may play a key immunoregulatory role in glioblastoma. For example, evidence suggests that the activation of type I NKT cells can facilitate anti-glioblastoma immune responses. On the other hand, type II NKT cells are known to play an immunosuppressive role in other cancers, as well as to cross-regulate type I NKT cell activity, although their specific role in glioblastoma remains largely unclear. This review provides a summary of our current understanding of NKT cells in the immunoregulation of glioblastoma as well as highlights the involvement of NKT cells in other cancers and central nervous system diseases.
Trapping of Cold Excitons in Quantum Well Structures with Laser Light (2006)

Optical trapping and manipulation of neutral particles has led to a variety of experiments from stretching DNA-molecules to trapping and cooling of neutral atoms. An exciting recent outgrowth of the technique is an experimental implementation of atom Bose-Einstein condensation. In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate laser-induced trapping for a new system--a gas of excitons in quantum well structures. We report on the trapping of a highly degenerate Bose gas of excitons in laser-induced traps.