gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two‐dimensional pulsatile hemodynamic analysis in the magnetic resonance angiography interpretation of a stenosed carotid arterial bifurcation (1993)

A two-dimensional pulsatile hemodynamic analysis based on the finite-element technique was performed on a minimally stenosed carotid artery to identify the possible explanation for the differences in the x-ray and magnetic resonance carotid angiograms of a patient. The magnetic resonance angiogram was obtained by applying the maximum intensity projection algorithm to axial slices, acquired using the time-of-flight principle. The differences in the x-ray and magnetic resonance depictions were interpreted based on velocity profile, wall shear stress, and streamline data provided by the hemodynamic analysis. The specific contribution of the stenosis was further isolated from that of the bifurcation by comparing the flow patterns within the stenotic artery with those of its normal counterpart. The Doppler spectral velocity wave form of the patient constituted the basis for the pulsatile flow velocity specification. The analysis took into consideration the non-Newtonian viscosity of blood. The numerical procedure was validated through different convergence criteria and through shear stress comparisons. The importance of hemodynamic analyses in relation to magnetic resonance angiography was further discussed along with possible shortcomings of the technique.
Gigahertz Acoustic Vibrations of Elastically Anisotropic Indium–Tin-Oxide Nanorod Arrays (2016)

Active control of light is important for photonic integrated circuits, optical switches, and telecommunications. Coupling light with acoustic vibrations in nanoscale optical resonators offers optical modulation capabilities with high bandwidth and small footprint. Instead of using noble metals, here we introduce indium-tin-oxide nanorod arrays (ITO-NRAs) as the operating media and demonstrate optical modulation covering the visible spectral range (from 360 to 700 nm) with ∼20 GHz bandwidth through the excitation of coherent acoustic vibrations in ITO-NRAs. This broadband modulation results from the collective optical diffraction by the dielectric ITO-NRAs, and a high differential transmission modulation up to 10% is achieved through efficient near-infrared, on-plasmon-resonance pumping. By combining the frequency signatures of the vibrational modes with finite-element simulations, we further determine the anisotropic elastic constants for single-crystalline ITO, which are not known for the bulk phase. This technique to determine elastic constants using coherent acoustic vibrations of uniform nanostructures can be generalized to the study of other inorganic materials.
The Decomposition of Silyl Hydroperoxides<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Decomposition of Silyl Hydroperoxides1Ralph L. Dannley and George JalicsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 11, 3848–3851Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01022a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01022a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coronal Mass Ejections at High Temperatures (1999)

We now have extensive X-ray (Yohkoh) and EUV observations of the behavior of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at high temperatures in the lower corona. We also now have coronagraph observations from space with which to make identifications of the related phenomena. This paper reviews theories and observations of CMEs in this new context.
Newton, Prisms, and the “Opticals” of Tunable Lasers (2000)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text F. J. Duarte, "Newton, Prisms, and the “Opticals” of Tunable Lasers," Optics & Photonics News 11(5), 24-28 (2000) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Pathophysiology and Management of Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly. (1999)

高齢者糖尿病の頻度, 成因, 症状の特異性, 治療目的, 治療内容-食事, 運動, 薬物療法-, 慢性の合併症, コントロール目標について考察した. 60歳以上の高齢者の糖尿病の頻度は13～14%に達した. 30歳以後, 年齢とともに食後の血糖の上昇が認められるが空腹時の糖の上昇は著明でない. 高齢者糖尿病の成因としてインスリン抵抗性とインスリン分泌障害が考えられ, 肥満者は抵抗性が主であり, 非肥満者は分泌障害が主であると報告されている. インスリン抵抗性の原因として年齢を経てもインスリン受容体の減少がないことより受容体以後, GLUT4の translocation までのいずれかの機構の障害があり, インスリン分泌障害はインスリンの first, second phase ともに障害されていると報告されている. 相対的なプロインスリンの増加も報告され, プロインスリンからインスリンの転換の障害も示唆されている. 高齢者には口渇中枢の障害や糖の排泄域値の上昇が見られることから糖尿病の症状は非定型的になりやすい. 高齢者糖尿病には認知障害が認められがその程度や障害内容がどのような治療の妨げになるかは解明されておらず, この分野の研究が重要である. 高齢者糖尿病の食事療法は低栄養や vitamin, mineral, 亜鉛などの欠乏→創傷治癒の遅延に繋がる可能性があるので食事指導は個人の能力, 社会的環境に即した個別指導が必要である. 持続した運動療法は高齢者でも中年者と同様の効果が認められているが, 運動前に充分なチェックが大切である. 薬物療法は年齢に伴う薬物代謝の変化から副作用の出現-特に, 低血糖の遷延-に注意が必要である. 高齢者の低血糖は counterregulatory hormone の分泌低下や低血糖の認知低下などがあり重症化しやすい. 血糖コントロールの recommendation としてFBS 140mg/dl以下, 食後血糖200mg/dl以下, HbA1cは測定上限値1%以内が提示されている.
A novel design methodology for hybrid process 3D-IC (2012)

Three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D-IC) is considered to be the most promising technology for modern and future electronic devices manufacturing. However, lots of challenges need to be addressed in order to make 3D-IC technically feasible as well as cost effective. One of the major challenges for 3D-IC is electronic design automation (EDA) due to the lack of true 3D EDA tools. In this paper, we propose a novel design methodology which makes current (2D-IC) EDA tools 3D aware. This methodology can be applied to 3D-ICs with the structure of 2 tiers bonded face to face. Since the process node for each tier of the applied 3D-IC can be different, we name it Hybrid Process 3D-IC. Based on the hierarchical design methodology, low power design techniques, flip-chip physical implementation methods, customized cell libraries and scripts are combined together to build up Hybrid Process 3D-IC design methodology. In order to verify the proposed methodology, a real circuit is designed according to it. The detail of the circuit will be described in the following paragraphs.
Plasma levels of 5‐fluorouracil after oral and intravenous administration in cancer patients. (1979)

1. Plasma levels of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) have been determined in eleven cancer patients after 0.5 g and 1.0 g intravenous doses, and in one patient after paired 1.0 g oral and intravenous doses. 2. The plasma half-life after the 0.5 g intravenous dose was relatively constant, irrespective of the stage and spread of the disease. 3. Plasma kinetics of the drug were dose dependent. Doubling of the intravenous dose produced a 1.5-fold increase in plasma half life, a two-fold increase in initial plasma drug concentration, and a three-fold increase in area under the concentration/time curve. 4. In one patient receiving paired 1.0 g intravenous and oral doses nine weeks apart, an increase in the bioavailability of the drug coincided with a marked clinical regression in palpable intra-abdominal metastases. 5. The significance of measuring plasma drug kinetics and their relationship to drug efficacy and toxicity are discussed.
Optimized operation and offset corrections for a battery-powered wireless digital x-ray detector (2009)

It has been widely recognized that gain and offset corrections are essential for obtaining diagnostic image quality from flat-panel digital X-ray detectors. While such corrections are straightforward for detectors that are always powered and operate in a steady state, a new generation of battery-powered wireless detectors poses new challenges. Factors that need to be taken into account when optimizing the operation of such devices include image quality, battery life, robustness with respect to environmental variables and use patterns, and workflow, e.g., the readiness of the detector upon operator interaction, exposure lag, and image access time. Examples are given of the resolution to these problems for a new portable 35 × 43 cm<sup>2</sup> X-ray detector. Multiple power states are required to extend battery life, including a low power state that simply supports wireless communication while the detector is not taking images. As a consequence, the detector encounters slightly different operating conditions during the X-ray exposure compared with the dark images that are taken for offset compensation. A new offset-correction algorithm was developed to compensate for such systematic differences, and its performance was evaluated in terms of image uniformity and noise.
Towards more practical average bounds on supervised learning (1996)

In this paper, we describe a method which enables us to study the average generalization performance of learning directly via hypothesis testing inequalities. The resulting theory provides a unified viewpoint of average-case learning curves of concept learning and regression in realistic learning problems not necessarily within the Bayesian framework. The advantages of the theory are that it alleviates the practical pessimism frequently claimed for the results of the Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) theory and its alike, and provides general insights into generalization. Besides, the bounds on learning curves are directly related to the number of adjustable system weights. Although the theory is based on an approximation assumption, and cannot apply to the worst-case learning setting, the precondition of the assumption is mild, and the approximation itself is only a sufficient condition for the validity of the theory. We illustrate the results with numerical simulations, and apply the theory to examining the generalization ability of combination of neural networks.
Amino Acid Racemization and the Preservation of Ancient DNA (1996)

The extent of racemization of aspartic acid, alanine, and leucine provides criteria for assessing whether ancient tissue samples contain endogenous DNA. In samples in which the D/L ratio of aspartic acid exceeds 0.08, ancient DNA sequences could not be retrieved. Paleontological finds from which DNA sequences purportedly millions of years old have been reported show extensive racemization, and the amino acids present are mainly contaminates. An exception is the amino acids in some insects preserved in amber.
Impact of the longitudinal variations of the chromatic dispersion on the gain of fiber parametric amplifiers (2003)

We study experimentally the detrimental impact of the longitudinal variations of the chromatic dispersion on the gain of a broadband fiber optical parametric amplifier. Thanks to the optimization of the pump wavelength, a 3dB-gain bandwidth of 25nm is demonstrated using only 740mW pump power.
Study of Integrated Services with broadcasting, stored and Internet contents (2003)

This paper presents a method for realizing Integrated Services with broadcasting, stored and Internet contents, on the Broadcasting System Based on Home Servers by using metadata. The set of metadata needed for the services and the method of integrated showing using metadata are described.
Inhibition of the Aliphatic Amidase from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> by Urea and Related Compounds (1979)

The time-dependent inhibition of amidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain AI 3 by urea, hydroxyurea and cyanate displayed saturation kinetics fitting a model for the reaction sequence in which formation of a complex in a reversible step was followed by an irreversible step. Altered amidases from mutant strains AIU 1N and OUCH 4, selected for their resistance to inhibition of growth by urea and hydroxyurea respectively, had altered kinetic constants for inhibition indicating reduced binding capacity for the inhibitors. The substrate acetamide protected AI 3 amidase against inhibition by urea,.and altered Ki values for inhibition of the mutant amidases were paralleled by alterations in Km values for acetamide indicating that urea acted at the active site. Inhibition of AI 3 amidase involved the binding of one molecule of urea per molecule of enzyme. Urea inhibited amidase slowly regained activity at pH 7.2 through release of urea.
Comparative population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis for piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin and piroxicam. (2000)

Piroxicam (Feldene) is indicated for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis but not analgesia due to its delayed onset of pain relief. Piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin (PBCD) was developed for pain indication by virtue of the increased absorption rate of piroxicam. Forty-eight patients received a single dose of PBCD or Feldene (10, 20, and 40 mg) in a randomized study, and piroxicam plasma concentration and pain relief were measured. The purpose of the study was to investigate the PK-PD relationship of piroxicam, determine the optimal dose, and evaluate the effect of increased absorption rate on analgesic effect of piroxicam for the pain model studied. The pharmacokinetic data were best described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption. The absorption rate of PBCD (5/h) was faster than Feldene (1.41/h). Pain relief was found to be increasing with drug concentration in a hypothetical effect compartment (Emax model). The estimated half-life of the equilibration between plasma and effect site was about 2.34 hours. Monte Carlo simulation showed that the time when at least 50% of the patients have a 75% probability of achieving meaningful pain relief (pain intensity difference (PID > or = 1) for PBCD and Feldene at a dose of 20 mg was about 0.5 and 1.5 hours, respectively. PBCD demonstrated an advantage with an onset of pain relief 1 hour earlier than Feldene.
Inferring gene regulatory networks from multiple microarray datasets (2006)

The software is available from http://zhangorup.aporc.org/bioinfo/grninfer/, http://digbio.missouri.edu/grninfer/ and http://intelligent.eic.osaka-sandai.ac.jp or upon request from the authors.
Utilisation of 3D body scanning technology as a research tool when establishing adequate bra fit (2013)

Aims Profile the relationship and differences in bust size, position and shape in a sample of UK bra consumers using 3D anthropometric body scan data. Evaluate the presentation of bra sizing by retailers and identify areas of miss communication to characterize effective application to the bra market. Collate and validate criteria for achieving adequate bra fit and quantify the physical impact on the bust size, shape and position.\nMethods\nThree quantitative methods were applied rich data to achieve the research aims. Profiling the variation in bust size shape and positioning within a bank of 3D Body scanning data into Bust height, Breast size, Bust Spread, Breast Drop and Breast Symmetry using the 30th and 70th percentiles as category dividers. Evaluating variation found in bra sizing and fit information provided by retailers and the deviation from the British Standard guidelines and Laboratory fit trials to assess the application of retailer bra fit criteria with grades in four categories; Underband, Cup Volume, Underwire and Bra Strap to a sample of UK bra consumers.\nFindings\nThe findings from this research indicate potential for 3D Body Scanning Technology as a tool to quantify the relationships and differences in five bust characteristics. The technology is applicable in profiling the relationship between the bust and the body. The research presents a new method for measuring breast size which accounts for the prominence independently from the circumferential measurements. . Variation is found among retailers and researchers in bra sizing strategies in the baseline for the size range and the inclusion or exclusion of ‘FF’ causes greater variance above an F cup. The application of a bra fit criteria has a medium to large statistically significant impact reducing the areas where the fit is too big or small and increasing the cases where the bra fit is adequate. Post Hoc analysis revealed a medium to large negative affect on the bra fit small and bra fit too big classifications and a large positive effect on the bra fit adequate score when tested. Underband category findings are consistent with current research which suggests consumers are more likely to wear a bra which is too big in the underband.\nRecommendations\nThe research built on previous findings while identifying gaps in the field of research. Further research is recommended into the variation in bra sizing which has been highlighted by this research. A recommendation is to link bra pattern cutting and grading to bra size communication to customers. This is seen as key to reducing communication of sizing to the consumer. Current bra fit advise is inadequate in assisting the consumer in selecting adequate support from a bra. Professional fitting is recommended to support this. A key recommendation from this work is that future Bra fit criteria applied to research should include a Bra cup neck edge category. Bra styling should also be considered as the correct size is not sufficient to achieve adequate fit.
Localization of conserved B-cell epitopes among encapsulated and non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae P2 porin proteins using synthetic peptides (1992)

The P2 outer membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae belongs to a class of apparently ubiquitous proteins in Gram-negative bacteria that function as porins. Murine hybridomas raised to the P2 protein and synthetic peptides were used to investigate the structural and antigenic relationships among P2 proteins of encapsulated and non-encapsulated H. influenzae. Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), P2-17, P2-18 and P2-19, recognizing epitopes on the P2 protein, as shown by Western immunoblotting of outer membrane preparations, and purified and recombinant P2 proteins are described. The epitopes reactive with the mAbs were widely distributed among H. influenzae strains since 70-100% of strains of encapsulated and non-encapsulated isolates collected worldwide were recognized by individual mAbs. None of the mAbs reacted with H. parainfluenzae or other bacterial species. The peptide composition of P2 epitopes was determined by analysis of mAb reactivity with a series of overlapping synthetic peptides that covered the amino acid sequences of H. influenzae type b. The domains recognized by these mAbs were completely distinct. mAb P2-18, reactive with an epitope conserved among all H. influenzae P2 porin molecules which were screened, recognized a peptide corresponding to the N-terminal segment (residues 1-14). The P2-17- and P2-19-specific epitopes were located between residues 28 and 55, and 101 and 129, respectively. None of the epitopes were exposed on the cell surface since no mAbs bound to intact live bacteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aryl Ketones fromAcronychia pedunculata with Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitory Effects (2005)

1-[2,4-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenyl]ethanone (1), and a new aryl ketone, named acrovestenol (2), were isolated as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory principles from a CH2Cl2 extract of the bark of Acronychia pedunculata by a bioassay-guided fractionation procedure. Compound 2 inhibited COX-2 with an IC50 value of 142.0+/-2.15 microM, compared to the COX-2 inhibitory reference compound NS-398 with an IC50 value of 11.3+/-1.12 microM. Compound 1 inhibited COX-2-catalyzed PG biosynthesis with 68% at a concentration of 500 microM. The structures were determined by UV, IR, and 1D- and 2D-NMR, including TOCSY, HSQC-DEPT, and HMBC, and MS investigations.
Synthesis of Furan Derivatives. XVIII. 2-Cyano-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamides and Esters. (1959)

Thirty-one new 2-cyano-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamides and esters were synthesized by condensation of 2-cyano-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acryloyl chloride and various amines and alcohols. Unexpectedly, these derivatives did not show the desired antibacterial activity in vitro. It seemed that this might be due to a small solubility of these derivatives in water.
Reflective Meniscometry (2000)

Measurement of the radius of tear meniscus curvature may be useful in the diagnosis of dry eyes. Reflective meniscometry is expected to find wide applications in the analysis of tear meniscus in ocular surface disorders.
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy in Optically Dense Fireballs Using Broadband Second-Harmonic Generation of a Pulsed Modeless Dye Laser (2014)

Broadband frequency doubling of a modeless dye laser pulse is used to enable single-shot absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet for optically dense, energetic-materials fireball applications. Band widths of approximately 1-3 nm are generated in the 226 and 268 nm regions using a doubling crystal. Strong focusing of the fundamental beam onto the crystal is found to be sufficient to achieve 1-5% conversion efficiency with a pulse intensity sufficient to saturate the array detector even after 75% attenuation through the fireball. The technique is demonstrated with nitric oxide (NO) absorption in a gas cell and is then used to perform the first detection and temperature fitting of aluminum monofluoride (AlF) and magnesium monofluoride (MgF) in a fireball environment.
Experimental measurements of charge carrier mobility: lifetime products for large sample of pixilated CZT detectors (2012)

Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT) is thought to be a primary work horse for hard X-ray astronomy in future. Due to the relatively large band-gap, it offers near room temperature operation while maintaining much better energy resolution then scintillator detectors operating in similar energy range. Further, CZT detectors are available in the form of pixilated detectors with area up to few cm<sup>2 </sup>and hence it is possible to realize very large detector area by having an array of such pixilated CZT detectors. However, it is well known that the energy spectrum of mono-energetic X-ray measured by CZT detectors does not have a Gaussian shape but has significant low-energy tail. This is mainly due to relatively poor mobility and small life time of the charge carriers, particularly of holes, in the CZT crystals. Thus, in order to understand spectral response for a large array of CZT detectors consisting of multiple elements / pixels, it is essential to characterize the mobility-lifetime products of charge carriers for each individual elements / pixels. Here we present experimental measurements of charge carrier mobility-lifetime products for large sample of multi-pixel CZT detectors. The mobility-lifetime products are measured by simultaneously fitting a ‘CZT line’ model to pixel wise spectra of 122 keV X-rays from <sup>57</sup>Co at three different bias voltages. These were carried out as a part of selection of CZT detector modules for the “High Energy X-ray spectrometer (HEX)” onboard Indian moon mission – Chandrayaan-1.