gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Laser-Microsphere Interaction for Nanoscale Surface Modification (2005)

An analytical and experimental investigation on the features created on silicon by the irradiation of microspheres on the substrate surface with a pulsed laser is presented. Silica microspheres of 1.76μm diameter are deposited on the silicon substrate and are irradiated with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser of wavelength 532nm. An analytical model based on Mie theory is developed, which includes all evanescent terms and does not rely on either far-field or size-parameter approximations. The predicted intensity distributions on the substrate indicate a strong near-field enhancement confined to a very small area (nanometer scale). A multidimensional, numerical model was built to simulate the heat transfer through the silicon. An explicit scheme of the enthalpy method was employed to track the solid∕liquid phase boundary. The experiment was performed for various laser energies used in the modeling, and the features obtained are characterized using a scanning electron microscope. The experimental results correlate well with the predicted results.
Upregulation of Functional β<sub>3</sub>-Adrenergic Receptor in the Failing Canine Myocardium (2001)

Altered expression and functional responses to cardiac beta(3)-adrenergic receptors (ARs) may contribute to progressive cardiac dysfunction in heart failure (CHF). We compared myocyte beta(3)-AR mRNA and protein levels and myocyte contractile, [Ca(2+)](i) transient, and Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L)) responses to BRL-37344 (BRL, 10(-8) mol/L), a selective beta(3)-AR agonist, in 9 instrumented dogs before and after pacing-induced CHF. Myocytes were isolated from left ventricular myocardium biopsy tissues. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we detected beta(3)-AR mRNA from myocyte total RNA in each animal. Using a cloned canine beta(3)-AR cDNA probe and myocyte poly A(+) RNA, we detected a single band about 3.4 kb in normal and CHF myocytes. beta(3)-AR protein was detected by Western blot. beta(3)-AR mRNA and protein levels were significantly greater in CHF myocytes than in normal myocytes. Importantly, these changes were associated with enhanced beta(3)-AR-mediated negative modulation on myocyte contractile response and [Ca(2+)](i) regulation. Compared with normal myocytes, CHF myocytes had much greater decreases in the velocity of shortening and relengthening with BRL accompanied by larger reductions in the peak systolic [Ca(2+)](i) transient and I(Ca,L). These responses were not modified by pretreating myocytes with metoprolol (a beta(1)-AR antagonist) or nadolol (a beta(1)- and beta(2)-AR antagonist), but were nearly prevented by bupranolol or L-748,337 (beta(3)-AR antagonists). We conclude that in dogs with pacing-induced CHF, beta(3)-AR gene expression and protein levels are upregulated, and the functional response to beta(3)-AR stimulation is increased. This may contribute to progression of cardiac dysfunction in CHF.
A high resolution, high frame rate detector based on a microchannel plate readout with the Medipix2 counting CMOS pixel chip (2005)

The future of ground-based optical astronomy lies with advancements in adaptive optics (AO) to overcome the limitations that the atmosphere places on high resolution imaging. A key technology for AO systems on future very large telescopes are the wavefront sensors (WFS) which detect the optical phase error and send corrections to deformable mirrors. Telescopes with >30 m diameters will require WFS detectors that have large pixel formats (512 /spl times/ 512), low noise (<3 e/sup -//pixel) and very high frame rates (/spl sim/1 kHz). These requirements have led to the idea of a bare CMOS active pixel device (the Medipix2 chip) functioning in counting mode as an anode with noiseless readout for a microchannel plate (MCP) detector and at 1 kHz continuous frame rate. First measurement results obtained with this novel detector are presented both for UV photons and beta particles.
On the Net : A textbook case for online searching (2001)

Outside, the streets are lashed with rain. It is a terrible night to drive 11 km to the university library, where the latest edition of the AAP Red Book is sitting on the shelf, but our doctor must consult it tonight. Tomorrow's 8 a.m. appointment is with the worried parents of an infant ill with Campylobacter jejuni infection.

Fortunately, the Internet age means that doctors facing these types of problems no longer have to venture outside. They can visit www.cma.ca/osler, the CMA's online medical searching service, enter their username and password and select the latest feature, MD Consult. Within seconds the full text of the American Academy of Pediatrics' AAP Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases is on the screen, fully searchable. The pages about treatment of Campylobacter infection can be read on the screen, printed or sent to the office by email for review later. While on the site, the physician also clicks on Librarian Support. The next morning, she will receive a complex MEDLINE search, complete with strategy and journal citation abstracts.

Best of all, OSLER is accessible from any computer, 24 hours a day, as a free service for CMA members. OSLER has always been popular with physicians, but the addition of MD Consult to its list of services in November 2000 caused thousands more physicians to sign on. (MD Consult is available to nonmembers for US$200 a year, home.mdconsult.com/).

The full-text component of MD Consult provides a rich complement to every medical practice. It includes 56 journals with full-text articles, ranging from the Clinics North America series to the Journal of Pediatrics and the American Heart Journal. There are also 39 nonabridged medical textbooks, including Cecil's Textbook of Medicine and Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics. There are also 49 medical yearbooks and 3000 patient-education handouts that physicians can customize and download. This online content is searchable by keyword/MeSH heading, author, journal title and date.

While the full-text component of MD Consult is vast, current and highly praised by our users, the search engine is simple and less powerful than Ovid's. Best results are obtained by first conducting a search on Ovid and then using those citations to download material from MD Consult.

OSLER users can get help any time from ac.ocitapmys@yrarbilamc or by calling 800 663-7336 x2255.
The community‐based morbidity of flexible cystoscopy (2002)

Although FC is well tolerated, gross haematuria, urinary frequency and dysuria occur afterward much more frequently than expected. Patients should be thoroughly counselled before FC about these potential symptoms, to reduce their concern, any unnecessary GP visits and the use of antibiotics.
Human polyclonal immunoglobulin G from transchromosomic bovines inhibits MERS-CoV in vivo (2016)

As of 13 November 2015, 1618 laboratory-confirmed human cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, including 579 deaths, had been reported to the World Health Organization. No specific preventive or therapeutic agent of proven value against MERS-CoV is currently available. Public Health England and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium identified passive immunotherapy with neutralizing antibodies as a treatment approach that warrants priority study. Two experimental MERS-CoV vaccines were used to vaccinate two groups of transchromosomic (Tc) bovines that were genetically modified to produce large quantities of fully human polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Vaccination with a clade A γ-irradiated whole killed virion vaccine (Jordan strain) or a clade B spike protein nanoparticle vaccine (Al-Hasa strain) resulted in Tc bovine sera with high enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralizing antibody titers in vitro. Two purified Tc bovine human IgG immunoglobulins (Tc hIgG), SAB-300 (produced after Jordan strain vaccination) and SAB-301 (produced after Al-Hasa strain vaccination), also had high ELISA and neutralizing antibody titers without antibody-dependent enhancement in vitro. SAB-301 was selected for in vivo and preclinical studies. Administration of single doses of SAB-301 12 hours before or 24 and 48 hours after MERS-CoV infection (Erasmus Medical Center 2012 strain) of Ad5-hDPP4 receptor-transduced mice rapidly resulted in viral lung titers near or below the limit of detection. Tc bovines, combined with the ability to quickly produce Tc hIgG and develop in vitro assays and animal model(s), potentially offer a platform to rapidly produce a therapeutic to prevent and/or treat MERS-CoV infection and/or other emerging infectious diseases.
Resting and anergic B cells are defective in CD28-dependent costimulation of naive CD4+ T cells. (1994)

Successful antibody production in vivo depends on a number of cellular events, one of the most important of these being cognate B cell-T cell interaction. To examine this phenomenon in vitro, homogeneous populations of hen egg lysozyme (HEL)-specific small resting B cells and naive CD4+ HEL-specific T cells (derived from immunoglobulin [Ig] and T cell receptor transgenic mice, respectively) were cultured together. On addition of intact HEL protein. HEL-specific B cells increase their expression of activation molecules, including a B7-related protein and CD44, and enlarge into blast cells. Within the same cultures, HEL-specific CD4+ T cells also increase expression of the activation markers CD69 and CD44, enlarge, secrete lymphokines, and proliferate. This response is radiation sensitive, supporting the conclusion that HEL-specific B cells present antigen to and activate the naive T cells. By contrast, when a synthetic peptide fragment of HEL is used to bypass B cell antigen-receptor engagement, the naive T cells enlarge and display activation antigens, but fail to produce lymphokines, proliferate, or promote B cell blastogenesis. Presentation of HEL by tolerant B cells, which are no longer able to signal effectively through their antigen receptors, results in an identical pattern of incomplete T cell activation. Addition of a stimulating anti-CD28 antibody and blocking of CD28 signals with CTLA4/Ig fusion protein both show that complete activation of naive CD4+ T cells depends on the initial induction of B7 and related costimulatory molecules after HEL binding to nontolerant HEL-specific B cells. Thus, in the absence of adequate constimulation from the B cell, naive CD4+ T cells undergo a form of "partial activation" in which they upregulate surface expression of certain T cell activation antigens, but fail to efficiently produce lymphokine and proliferate. This may explain the different conclusions that have been reached regarding the consequences of B cell antigen presentation to T cells, in that the ability of B cells to activate naive CD4+ T cells depends both on their specificity and their activation state.
Community Participation and the Function of Rules: The Case of Urban Zoning Boards (1987)

Data from a case study of piecemeal zoning change suggest that the decisions of citizen zoning boards of appeal are neither lawless nor ineffective – the majority of requests that come before them are for bulk and dimension variances which typically do not threaten the land use status quo and are usually granted unless there is local opposition. When substantial changes of land use are involved two factors are influential in determining the outcome of zoning cases – the consistency or clash between the proposed land use and that of the neighborhood surrounding the site, particularly in single‐family residential areas; and the expression of opinion (positive or negative) by the residents of the community. Despite criticism of zoning boards as defective and illegitimate legal institutions and calls for their abolition, they remain popular and extremely resistant to change because they have come to play important dispute settling and community maintenance functions in the urban environment in addition to their explicit rule enforcement functions. These broader community functions of zoning can only be understood in terms of a participatory model of legal process where legal rules are understood as functioning to identify situations as much as they are norms to be enforced.
Dynamics of poverty (2001)

The research basis is provided by the project Povetry, Ethnicity, Gender in Transitional Societies implemented under the leadership of Professor Iván Szeláényi in six countries of he former Eastern block in 1999-2000. The data have confirmed the initial assumption of the study: new poverty is being born, which is not an element of the life cycle of the individual but rather a socio-economic dependence affecting entire groups of people. The socio-biological factors (age, gender, children) are not pushed away but are rather transformed by the new dominant. The new socio-economic context even reinforces their effect, especially in osme countries. A new, unexpected phenomenon is the formation of an age underclass in Southeast and Russia. All the countriessurveyed, except for Poland, exhibit symptoms of poverty feminization. The number of children in a family is a primordial factor bearing on the family budget. However, the stringest dependence is ethnicity-based. The poverty of Roma in Southeast Europe is catastrophic and separates them into an ethnic underclass. Roma people in Hungary are losers as well but their poverty has a different macro-economic backdrop. The differentia specifica of the research topic itself: it is not a static situation but a process in which reason and effect change places, a process that both shapes and is affected by the social structure. In parallel to the liberalization of economic initiative, powerful destructive processes are under way tear the old social connections apart and turn the social atatus of immense groups of people upside down. the former middle layers are layered further. The income below avarage is the common denominator for many of them (in Central Europe) or for the majority (southeast Europe and Russia), in contrast to the avarage income before. It could be foreseen that povetry will be irreversible for many and would entail declassation. This is already a fact for ethnic minorites in Southeast Europe and for elderly people there and in Russia. The further dynamics of the process could be traced at a new stage of the study.
Receptor-Mediated Interactions of Advanced Glycosylation End Products With Cellular Components Within Diabetic Tissues (1992)

AGEs are nonenzymatically glycosylated adducts of proteins that accumulate in vascular tissues with aging and at an accelerated rate in people with diabetes; AGEs are closely linked to tissue damage due to their high reactivity in protein cross-linking. A macrophage-monocyte receptor system for AGE moieties is shown to mediate the uptake of AGE-modified proteins by a process that also induces cachectin-TNF, IL-1, IGF-I, and PDGF secretion. Thus, in addition to removing senescent glucose-modified proteins and cells, AGE-mediated release of growth-promoting factors may represent a mechanism by which macrophages signal mesenchymal cells the need for replacement of senescent proteins. The age of the macrophage correlates inversely with the binding and removal capacity of the AGE receptor, possibly preventing the clearance of cross-linked proteins and the compounding aging-related tissue damage. In addition to monocyte and macrophages, other cells express similar receptors for AGE-proteins, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesangial cells. Endothelial cell AGE-receptors mediate transcytosis of AGEs to the subendothelium, induce increased permeability, and enhance endothelium-dependent procoagulant activity. Renal mesangial AGE receptors mediate PDGF-dependent extracellular matrix protein production. Fibroblast AGE receptors may influence cellular proliferation by EGF and EGF-receptor regulation. These findings, in connection with the known abundance of AGEs in aged and diabetic tissues, indicate that AGE-ligand-receptor interactions are crucial for the development of age- and diabetes-related vascular tissue and renal pathology.
Analysis of Fusel Oil by Azeotropic Distillation (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of Fusel Oil by Azeotropic DistillationS. T. Schicktanz, A. D. Etienne, and W. I. SteeleCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1939, 11, 8, 420–422Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50136a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50136a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Exempt Organization Advocacy: Matching the Rules to the Rationales (1988)

1. I.R.C. 501(c)(3) (West Supp.1987
Engineering the internal surfaces of three-dimensional nanoporous catalysts by surfactant-modified dealloying (2017)

Tuning surface structures by bottom-up synthesis has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to improve the catalytic performances of nanoparticle catalysts. Nevertheless, the surface modification of three-dimensional nanoporous metals, fabricated by a top-down dealloying approach, has not been achieved despite great efforts devoted to improving the catalytic performance of three-dimensional nanoporous catalysts. Here we report a surfactant-modified dealloying method to tailor the surface structure of nanoporous gold for amplified electrocatalysis toward methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. With the assistance of surfactants, {111} or {100} faceted internal surfaces of nanoporous gold can be realized in a controllable manner by optimizing dealloying conditions. The surface modified nanoporous gold exhibits significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activities in comparison with conventional nanoporous gold. This study paves the way to develop high-performance three-dimensional nanoporous catalysts with a tunable surface structure by top-down dealloying for efficient chemical and electrochemical reactions.
Optical trocar systems: laparoscopic entry and its complications (a study of cases in Germany) (1999)

Objectives To assess the different techniques available for Veress needle and trocar entry under direct vision, and to evaluate the complications caused during laparoscopic entry, according to the German Gynaecological Endoscopic Complication Register. Design A detailed description is given of the different trocar entry techniques under direct vision including use of the optical trocar cannula. The German Gynaecological Endoscopic Complication Register compares the data from 17 745 patients who underwent laparoscopic or hysteroscopic surgery at 15 different centres in 1997. Results Complications occurred in 172 (0.86%) of 20 050 endoscopic procedures; 116 of these were laparoscopic interventions (1%), and 56 were hysteroscopic interventions (0.7%). Of the 116 laparoscopic complications, 50 (43.1%) resulted from trocar entry problems. During the last 4 years no trocar or Veress needle entry lacerations have been observed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Kiel. Conclusion In any surgical procedure, including laparoscopy, complications cannot be avoided; however, trocar entry lacerations can be reduced considerably if direct visualization at entry is employed.
Modeling Carbon Dioxide Adsorption on Microporous Substrates: Comparison between Cu-BTC Metal−Organic Framework and 13X Zeolitic Molecular Sieve (2010)

In this work, CO2 adsorption on a laboratory-synthesized polymeric copper(II) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (Cu-BTC) metal−organic framework was modeled by means of the semiempirical Sips equation in order to obtain parameters of engineering interest. Produced Cu-BTC samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and microporosimetric analysis; high crystallinity and very high specific surface area and pore volume were found. CO2 adsorption isotherms on Cu-BTC were evaluated at T = (283, 293, 318, and 343) K for p ≤ 1 bar by means of a volumetric technique. In order to establish a comparison, CO2 adsorption isotherms on samples of commercial 13X zeolite were determined under the same experimental conditions and then modeled in the same way as those for Cu-BTC. The modeling and experimental results indicated that relative to 13X zeolite, Cu-BTC showed higher CO2 adsorption capacities at near-ambient temperature and a lower heat release during the adsorption phase.
Additive improvement induced by bezafibrate in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis showing refractory response to ursodeoxycholic acid (2011)

Higher ALP level at diagnosis is one of the predictors for UDCA failure. Combination treatment of bezafibrate in addition to UDCA may be an effective treatment for PBC patients refractory to UDCA.
N-linked Glycosylation Enrichment for In-depth Cell Surface Proteomics of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Subtypes (2013)

Global analysis of lymphoma genome integrity and transcriptomes tremendously advanced our understanding of their biology. Technological advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics promise to complete the picture by allowing the global quantification of proteins and their post-translational modifications. Here we use N-glyco FASP, a recently developed mass spectrometric approach using lectin-enrichment, in conjunction with a super-SILAC approach to quantify N-linked glycoproteins in lymphoma cells. From patient-derived diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines, we mapped 2383 glycosites on 1321 protein groups, which were highly enriched for cell membrane proteins. This N-glyco subproteome alone allowed the segregation of the ABC from the GCB subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which before gene expression studies had been considered one disease entity. Encouragingly, many of the glycopeptides driving the segregation belong to proteins previously characterized as segregators in a deep proteome study of these subtypes (S. J. Deeb et al. MCP 2012 PMID 22442255). This conforms to the high correlation that we observed between the expression level of the glycosites and their corresponding proteins. Detailed examination of glycosites and glycoprotein expression levels uncovered, among other interesting findings, enrichment of transcription factor binding motifs, including known NF-kappa-B related ones. Thus, enrichment of a class of post-translationally modified peptides can classify cancer types as well as reveal cancer specific mechanistic changes.