gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control optimization in high-level synthesis using behavioral don't cares (1992)

The authors present techniques for optimization of the control part of designs generated by high-level synthesis. The concept of behavioral don't cares is defined and algorithms for extracting behavioural don't care conditions from a high-level description are given. These don't care conditions are used for the optimization of the control logic and the finite-state machine, after high-level synthesis. It is shown that the use of behavioral don't cares combined with finite automata state minimization algorithms can further optimize the logic and reduce the number of states, after scheduling and allocation. Results from several benchmark examples showed that significant area and delay reductions can be obtained with these techniques. >
Investigation of cosputtered W–C thin films as diffusion barriers (1988)

Polycrystalline thin films of W–C were deposited on single-crystal 〈111〉Si or SiO2 substrates by rf planar magnetron cosputtering of graphite (C) and W targets. The performance of cosputtered W75C25 thin films as diffusion barriers between a 〈111〉Si substrate and metallic overlayers of Ag, Au, or Al was investigated. Backscattering spectrometry and x-ray diffraction are used to detect metallurgical interactions. Four-point probe measurement of resistance is employed to monitor the electrical stability of the metallization schemes upon thermal annealing in a vacuum for 30 min in temperature ranges from 500 to 700 °C. The electrical resistivity of W75C25 films is 140 μΩ cm. A W75C25 layer 1100 Å thick prevents metallurgical interdiffusion and reaction between Au or Ag overlayers and the 〈111〉Si substrates up to 700 °C, and between an Al overlayer and the 〈111〉Si substrate up to 450 °C.
Design and control of ball wheel omnidirectional vehicles (2002)

A new class of ball wheel mechanisms for omnidirectional vehicles is presented. This ball wheel mechanism can be designed to yield fully mobile vehicles that are not only free of any kinematic singularity but are configuration invariant in kinematic behavior. Invariant kinematics greatly simplifies the control of smooth and precise vehicle motion. Multiple displacement sensors are easily incorporated into each ball wheel mechanism. This unique feature enables the detection of slip between tires and the floor and also indicates at which tire the slip occurs. This allows traction control to be implemented to fully exploit the available floor friction while accurate dead reckoning navigation continues from two non slipping tires. A prototype vehicle with three ball wheel mechanisms is implemented. Smooth motion and precise dead reckoning are accomplished.
Extraction of Sulfur Compounds with Hydrogen Fluoride (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtraction of Sulfur Compounds with Hydrogen FluorideA. P. Lien, D. A. McCaulay, and B. L. EveringCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 12, 2698–2702Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50480a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50480a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Silane Pyrolysis to Silicon Rod in a Bell-Jar Reactor at High Temperature and Pressure: Modeling and Simulation (2016)

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at high temperature and pressure in a unique bell-jar reactor has been widely applied for high-pure polysilicon production using trichlorosilane (TCS) as a precursor. Silane is an alternative to TCS and used for ultrapure polysilicon. Nevertheless, silane is so reactive that results in significant homogeneous nucleated fines which lead to low yield and quality of crystalline silicon product. In this paper, we aimed to minimize the homogeneous nucleation by modulating flow pattern and temperature field in reactor. A novel bell-jar reactor with cooling jacket for each rod was modeled and simulated based on a three-dimensional CFD model. Contribution of homogeneous nucleation to rod growth on a basis of kinetic theory was included. The result showed that, in the novel reactor, the fresh feed was restricted in channels between cooling jacket and rod in which the favorable temperature and velocity profiles were achieved, and the gas phase near the rod was cooled so that the homogeneous nucleation was suppressed. In addition, the silane pyrolysis with simultaneous homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous deposition was calculated and analyzed for various combinations of operating conditions.
Age-related Deterioration of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2008)

Aging is the process of system deterioration over time in the whole body. Stem cells are self-renewing and therefore have been considered exempt from the aging process. Earlier studies by Hayflick showed that there is an intrinsic limit to the number of divisions that mammalian somatic cells can undergo, and cycling kinetics and ontogeny-related studies strongly suggest that even the most primitive stem cell functions exhibit a certain degree of aging. Despite these findings, studies on the effects of aging on stem cell functions are inconclusive. Here we review the age-related properties of hematopoietic stem cells in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic alterations, proliferative potential, signaling molecules, telomere and telomerase, senescence and cancer issues, regenerative potential and other indications of stem cell aging are discussed in detail.
Simultaneous Registration and Fusion of Multiple Dissimilar Sensors for Cooperative Driving (2004)

The fusion of multiple sensory information plays a key role in cooperative driving for flexible platooning of automated vehicles over a couple of lanes within a short intervehicle distance. In this paper, the problem of online sensor fusion with spatially and temporally misaligned dissimilar sensors is considered. A spatial-temporal registration model for the popular intelligent vehicular sensors including radar, global positioning system, inertial navigation system, and camera is first developed for sensor alignment. An unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is proposed here to fuse and register these sensors that are installed on a platoon of vehicles simultaneously. When the road geometry information is available from a digital map database, a constrained UKF is further developed to improve the fusion accuracy. The effect of spatial-temporal sensor misalignment upon the vehicle-state estimation is also analyzed theoretically. Simulations show that the proposed UKF method not only can align the dissimilar vehicular sensors properly with both spatial and temporal biases, but can also obtain accurate fused tracks of vehicles in a platoon.
In vitro activity of XF-73, a novel antibacterial agent, against antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species (2010)

The antibacterial activity of XF-73, a dicationic porphyrin drug, was investigated against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with known antibiotic resistance profiles, including resistance to cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and DNA and RNA synthesis inhibitors as well as cell membrane-active antibiotics. Antibiotic-sensitive strains for each of the bacterial species tested were also included for comparison purposes. XF-73 was active [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.25-4 mg/L] against all of the Gram-positive bacteria tested, irrespective of the antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates, suggesting that the mechanism of action of XF-73 is unique compared with the major antibiotic classes. Gram-negative activity was lower (MIC 1 mg/L to > 64 mg/L). Minimum bactericidal concentration data confirmed that the activity of XF-73 was bactericidal. Time-kill kinetics against healthcare-associated and community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates demonstrated that XF-73 was rapidly bactericidal, with > 5 log(10) kill obtained after 15 min at 2 x MIC, the earliest time point sampled. The post-antibiotic effect (PAE) for XF-73 under conditions where the PAE for vancomycin was < 0.4h was found to be > 5.4 h. XF-73 represents a novel broad-spectrum Gram-positive antibacterial drug with potentially beneficial characteristics for the treatment and prevention of Gram-positive bacterial infections.
RERG (Ras-like, oestrogen-regulated, growth-inhibitor) expression in breast cancer: a marker of ER-positive luminal-like subtype (2010)

Global gene expression profiling studies have classified breast cancer into a number of distinct biological and molecular classes with clinical relevance. The heterogeneous luminal group, which is largely characterised by oestrogen receptor (ER) expression, appears to contain distinct subgroups with differing behaviour. In this study, we analysed 47,293 gene transcripts in 128 invasive breast carcinomas (BC) using Artificial Neural Networks and a cross-validation analysis in combination with an ensemble sample classification to identify genes that can be used to subclassify ER+ luminal tumours. The results were validated using immunohistochemistry on TMAs containing 1,140 invasive breast cancers. Our results showed that the RERG gene is one of the highest ranked genes to differentiate between ER+ luminal-like and ER- non-luminal cancers based on a 10-fold external cross-validation analysis with an average classification accuracy of 89%. This was confirmed in our protein expression studies that showed RERG positive associations with markers of luminal differentiation including ER, luminal cytokeratins (CK19, CK18 and CK7/8) and FOXA1 (P = 0.004) and other markers of good prognosis in BC including small size, lower histologic grade and positive expression of androgen receptor, nuclear BRCA1, FHIT and cell cycle inhibitors p27 and p21. RERG expression was inversely associated with the proliferation marker MIB1 (P = 0.005) and p53. Strong RERG expression showed an association with longer breast cancer specific survival and distant metastasis free interval in the whole series as well as in the ER+ luminal group and these associations were independent of other prognostic variables. In conclusion, we used novel bioinformatics methods to identify candidate genes to characterise ER+ luminal-like breast cancer. RERG gene is a key marker of the luminal BC class and can be used to separate distinct prognostic subgroups.
Unique Directional Reflectors for Omnidirectional Underwater Acoustic Transducers (1966)

Directional reflectors for use with commercial omnidirectional underwater acoustic transducers are described herein. The reflectors are easy to construct, inexpensive, and exhibit none of the ringing characteristics found so frequently with metallic reflectors.
Catalytic conversion of sugar into conventional gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and other hydrocarbons. (2008)

The world sugar industry is predominantly focused on supplying two end markets, sweeteners and ethanol. Virent Energy System's BioForming process provides new market opportunities to the sugar industry by enabling the conversion of sugar-based feedstocks into conventional liquid fuels and chemicals. The renewable gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel produced using Virent's Bioforming® technology match petroleum fuels in composition, functionality, and performance. They can be stand-alone products, used at high blends with petroleum fuels, or blended with ethanol. A key component of the process is Virent's patented aqueous phase reforming (APR) technology that converts sugars into hydrogen and chemical intermediates that can be further processed into gasoline, diesel, or jet fuel components. The ability to produce multiple products from a single feedstock makes possible a true biorefinery in which the production of fuels or chemicals can be varied based on current market conditions. The BioForming process offers distinct advantages to conventional ethanol production. The process uses minimal energy to convert a broad range of conventional and non-food feedstocks into an array of energy-dense fuels that are compatible with today's engine and pipeline infrastructure. In addition, the BioForming process has the ability to process C5 sugars, derived from the hemicellulose fraction of bagasse, increasing the fuel product yields per acre by more than 30 percent versus processing sucrose alone. The BioForming technology significantly expands the options available to sugar producers for adding value to their primary sugar crops and for addressing new markets. Preliminary economic analysis suggests that converting sugars to conventional liquid fuels using Virent's BioForming process can economically compete with petroleum fuels at crude oil prices greater than $60/bbl.
Mechanistic Study on Electrochemical Reduction of Calix[4]quinone in Acetonitrile Containing Water (2004)

The mechanism of electrochemical reduction of calix[4]quinones (CQs) is of vital importance, as their reduction products, calix[4]hydroquinones (CQH8s), are known to self-assemble organic nanotubes, which in turn self-assemble novel metal nanostructures by a self-synthetic process of electrochemical reduction of solvated metals. We therefore conducted detailed studies of electrochemical reduction of CQ in rigorously dried acetonitrile (CH3CN) and in CH3CN containing varied amounts of water as well as perchloric acid. CQ undergoes a series of reversible one electron reductions in dry CH3CN leading to anion radicals of each of p-benzoquinone units followed by formation of dianions. However, a series of following chemical-electrochemical reactions with protons takes place after the initial electron transfer in CH3CN containing water. The final product of this series of reactions is identified as CQH8 via an eight electron, eight proton reaction. The intermediate species are identified, and the reaction mechanism is elucidated using transient electrochemical, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The present results could be utilized to fine control the self-assembling reaction of nanotubes by electrochemical processes and to design electrochemically controllable nanomechanical devices.
Image Yearbook 2007 (2007)

Rowan University yearbook for the Class of 2007; 184 pages. Contents: Student Life p. 2, Seniors p. 24, Organizations p. 80, Sports p. 106, Faculty p.134, Camden Campus p. 146, Graduation p. 154. Editor-in-Chief Dayna Silver; Advisor Ed Ziegler.
Leaching of Biocides from Façades under Natural Weather Conditions (2012)

Biocides are included in organic building façade coatings as protection against biological attack by algae and fungi but have the potential to enter the environment via leaching into runoff from wind driven rain. The following field study correlates wind driven rain to runoff and measured the release of several commonly used organic biocides (terbutryn, Irgarol 1051, diuron, isoproturon, OIT, DCOIT) in organic façade coatings from four coating systems. During one year of exposure of a west oriented model house façade in the Zurich, Switzerland area, an average of 62.7 L/m(2), or 6.3% of annual precipitation came off the four façade panels installed as runoff. The ISO method for calculating wind driven rain loads is adapted to predict runoff and can be used in the calculation of emissions in the field. Biocide concentrations tend to be higher in the early lifetime of the coatings and then reach fairly consistent levels later, generally ranging on the order of mg/L or hundreds of μg/L. On the basis of the amount remaining in the film after exposure, the occurrence of transformation products, and the calculated amounts in the leachate, degradation plays a significant role in the overall mass balance.
Two‐Component Hydrogels Formed by Cyclodextrins and Dicationic Imidazolium Salts (2013)

Abstract In the framework of our recent interest in studying the gelling behaviour of imidazolium salts, we took into account the possibility of obtaining two‐component hydrogels by combining cyclodextrins and dicationic imidazolium salts. In particular, we used diimidazolium salts differing in the alkyl chain length and in the size, shape, and coordination ability of the anion, namely the 3,3′‐di‐ n ‐decyl‐ and 3,3′‐di‐ n ‐dodecyl‐1,1′‐(1,4‐phenylenedimethylene)diimidazolium dibromide, and 3,3′‐di‐ n ‐dodecyl‐1,1′‐(1,4‐phenylenedimethylene)diimidazolium ditetrafluoroborate and dihexafluorophosphate. As far as cyclodextrins are concerned, to gain information on the effects of different sized cyclic oligosaccharides, we used both α‐ and β‐cyclodextrins. The interaction between the organic salts and the oligosaccharides was investigated by using polarimetry, competitive fluorescence measurements, and 1 H NMR spectroscopic analysis. In the case of gel formation, properties of the obtained soft materials were studied by determining their thermodynamic stability, analyzing their optical properties by means of UV/Vis spectroscopy, and studying their morphology by using scanning electron microscopy. The gelation process was studied by resonance light scattering measurements and this approach has allowed us to gather information on the size of the aggregates characterizing the gel phases. Finally, the soft materials were also investigated with respect to their ability to self‐repair after the action of external stimuli, such as magnetic stirring or ultrasound irradiation. Taken together, the data collected demonstrate that the properties of these two‐component gels can be controlled by changing the nature of the cyclodextrin, the salts, or, more simply, by changing the host/guest ratio.
Introducción. La etnografía de lo urbano y lo urbano en la etnografía (2016)

El presente dossier se propone como una invitación a reflexionar acerca de las etnografías de lo urbano en una doble dirección. Por un lado, etnografías de lo urbano remite directamente a una interrogación acerca de la productividad de la estrategia etnográfica en el abordaje de la ciudad y de lo urbano desde un punto de vista específico (y relativamente novedoso) respecto a otros enfoques más consolidados en el campo de los estudios urbanos. Por otro lado, y de manera simultánea, etnografías de lo urbano busca reflexionar (y eventualmente desnaturalizar) lo que entendemos por el propio objeto del ejercicio etnográfico: esa condición engañosamente transparente que suele denominarse “lo urbano”.
Refined model for spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis of SixGe1−x/Si strained heterostructures (2000)

A simple model based on the optical stress birefringence induced by the lattice mismatch in the epitaxy of a SixGa1−x layer on Si is discussed. With this model, spectroscopic ellipsometry provides not only layer thickness and alloy composition, but also control of the coherently strained-to-unstrained material ratio.
PLGA-PEG-PLGA Tri-Block Copolymers as In Situ Gel-Forming Peptide Delivery System: Effect of Formulation Properties on Peptide Release (2008)

Various controlled peptide and protein delivery systems have been investigated for their potential for treatment of chronic diseases. In situ gelling systems are very attractive due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and simple manufacturing processes. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of different excipients on release profile of calcitonin as a model protein from PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermally reversible gels. PLGA-PEG-PLGA with the ratio of PLGA to PEG equal to 2.5 was synthesized and characterized by (1)H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The PLGA-PEG-PLGA polymeric solutions (25% w/w) containing calcitonin (0.05% w/w) and other excipients in various concentrations were prepared, and drug release from the thermally reversible gels was evaluated. It was shown that drug release from the systems was dramatically reduced when PEG 200 or PEG 1000 was added to the systems. This may be due to the effect of PEG as an internal cross-linking agent or the formation of PEG complexes that decrease the rate of drug release. Sodium laurel sulfate (SLS) was also shown to reduce the rate of drug release from the systems. This may be due to the large ionic heads of SLS that attract counterions of calcitonin. It can be concluded that the drug release rate from the systems can be controlled by using different excipients.
Reputation = f(user ranking, compliance, verity) (2004)

The selection of Web services is typically based on both functional and nonfunctional attributes of the service, such as the quality of service (QoS) levels. Reputation, a widely acknowledged nonfunctional QoS attribute is currently expressed as the average of user ratings given to the service. However, this expression confines reputation to the subjective perception of the end user and is limited by the lack of an objective representation of performance history. In this paper, we address the need for a reputation mechanism that couples the subjective perception of the end user with the objective view of performance history. To represent performance history, we propose a novel QoS metric termed verity. Verity measures the degree of consistency exhibited by the service provider in delivering the quality levels laid out in the service contract, over a range of previous transactions. We express reputation as a composition of user rating, the compliance levels exhibited by the provider and the verity value. We contend that this reputation expression is a more viable attribute of quality than user rating alone.
Comparative effects of modafinil and amphetamine on daytime sleepiness and cataplexy of narcoleptic dogs. (1995)

The effects of modafinil and amphetamine on daytime sleep (polysomnographic recordings) and cataplexy (the food-elicited cataplexy test) were compared using the narcoleptic canine model. Results indicate that both modafinil (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight i.v.) and amphetamine (100 and 200 micrograms/kg i.v.) increase wakefulness and reduce slow-wave sleep in control and narcoleptic dogs. In contrast, the results of cataplexy testing demonstrate that amphetamine (2.5-160 micrograms/kg i.v.), but not modafinil (0.125-8.0 mg/kg i.v.) significantly suppresses canine cataplexy. These results suggest that the pharmacological property of modafinil is distinct from amphetamine. Results of polysomnographic recordings also demonstrate that narcoleptic dogs slept significantly more during the daytime than control dogs and required very high doses (10 mg/kg i.v. modafinil; 200 micrograms/kg i.v. amphetamine) of stimulants to reduce their level of sleepiness to that of control dogs. This finding is consistent with the data collected in human narcolepsy and validates the use of this canine model for the screening of stimulant compounds.