gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engine Oil MS Test Sequences IIA and IIIA (1965)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine oil test Sequences IIA and IIIA have been developed to replace Sequences I, II, and III. These new sequences are designed to evaluate lubricants for use in current passenger car engines under severe (MS) service conditions. Lubricant performance is evaluated with respect to scuffing wear, rust, corrosion, deposits, and rumble.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The Sequence IIA and IIIA test procedure involves major changes which affect the evaluation of engine rusting and provides improved correlation between test results and short-trip service. Average engine rust ratings correlate with service data within ±0.5 numbers. The new test also provides better repeatability and reproducibility in a significantly shorter schedule. The rust repeatability and reproducibility is less than ±0.2 and ±0.6 numbers, respectively. Test time has been reduced 52%.</div>
Manipulating B-Spline Based Paths for Obstacle Avoidance in Autonomous Ground Vehicles (2007)

The Overbot is one of the original DARPA Grand Challenge vehicles now being used as a platform for autonomous vehicle research. The vehicle, equipped with a complete actuator and sensor suite, provides for an extremely capable robotic platform with computing infrastructure and software framework already in place to create a reconfigurable testbed.
Palladium-Promoted Transformation of β-Amino Ketones to Enaminones (1987)

Abstract The reaction of β-amino ketones with bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium(II) in the presence of triethylamine gives the corresponding enaminones regioselectively. The cyclic β-amino ketones can be converted into the corresponding exocyclic enaminones. The enaminones thus obtained are versatile synthetic intermediates. The reaction of (E)-enaminones with organocuprates gave the corresponding (E)-α,β-unsaturated ketones.
[Synthesis and antibacterial activity of pyridonecarboxylic acid derivatives containing 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol]. (2003)

Compounds IIa, IIb and IIc showed antibacterial activity, and were worth further studying.
Multi-task Dictionary Learning based Convolutional Neural Network for Computer aided Diagnosis with Longitudinal Images (2017)

Algorithmic image-based diagnosis and prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases on longitudinal data has drawn great interest from computer vision researchers. The current state-of-the-art models for many image classification tasks are based on the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). However, a key challenge in applying CNN to biological problems is that the available labeled training samples are very limited. Another issue for CNN to be applied in computer aided diagnosis applications is that to achieve better diagnosis and prognosis accuracy, one usually has to deal with the longitudinal dataset, i.e., the dataset of images scanned at different time points. Here we argue that an enhanced CNN model with transfer learning for the joint analysis of tasks from multiple time points or regions of interests may have a potential to improve the accuracy of computer aided diagnosis. To reach this goal, we innovate a CNN based deep learning multi-task dictionary learning framework to address the above challenges. Firstly, we pre-train CNN on the ImageNet dataset and transfer the knowledge from the pre-trained model to the medical imaging progression representation, generating the features for different tasks. Then, we propose a novel unsupervised learning method, termed Multi-task Stochastic Coordinate Coding (MSCC), for learning different tasks by using shared and individual dictionaries and generating the sparse features required to predict the future cognitive clinical scores. We apply our new model in a publicly available neuroimaging cohort to predict clinical measures with two different feature sets and compare them with seven other state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results show our proposed method achieved superior results.
Development and electrical properties of undoped polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors for guest-host LCDs (2003)

It is demonstrated that it is possible to use TFTs (thin-film transistors) to construct CMOS inverters operating at 40 V. In addition, the authors discuss qualitatively and quantitatively the changes which take place in the grain boundary trap density on removal of HCl during gate oxidation and on grain boundary passivation by hydrogenation. Quantitative measurements of I/sub DS/ as a function of V/sub G/ show that the removal of HCl during gate oxidation of polysilicon lowers the grain boundary trap density by about one third. This is a small but still significant improvement in addition to the reductions by factors of 6 to 9 obtained through hydrogenation. The activation energy for source-drain conduction at low values of V/sub G/ was measured to be 0.55 eV and indicates that conduction is controlled by the supply of carriers from mid-gap grain boundary states. The activation energy of dual gated devices is twice that for a single gated structure, since at values of V/sub G/ close to the conduction minimum, both gates equally control conduction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-doped graphene films using C5NCl5 (2015)

To modify the electrical properties of graphene, we have synthesized nitrogen-doped graphene films using pentachloropyridine and methane by a two-step growth process with the N/C ratio of 2.5%–4%. The nitrogen-doped graphene presoma synthesized at 350 °C can be transformed into nitrogen-doped graphene fragments by annealing at 1000 °C. The introduction of methane as a second carbon source plays a key role in the formation of continuous uniform nitrogen-doped graphene films. The as-obtained N-doped graphene films exhibit n-type conduction with the electron mobility and density of 375 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 2.38 × 1013 cm−2 at room temperature, respectively.
The<i>Enterococcus faecalis fsr</i>Two-Component System Controls Biofilm Development through Production of Gelatinase (2004)

Bacterial growth as a biofilm on solid surfaces is strongly associated with the development of human infections. Biofilms on native heart valves (infective endocarditis) is a life-threatening disease as a consequence of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials in such a state. Enterococci have emerged as a cause of endocarditis and nosocomial infections despite being normal commensals of the gastrointestinal and female genital tracts. We examined the role of two-component signal transduction systems in biofilm formation by the Enterococcus faecalis V583 clinical isolate and identified the fsr regulatory locus as the sole two-component system affecting this unique mode of bacterial growth. Insertion mutations in the fsr operon affected biofilm formation on two distinct abiotic surfaces. Inactivation of the fsr-controlled gene gelE encoding the zinc-metalloprotease gelatinase was found to prevent biofilm formation, suggesting that this enzyme may present a unique target for therapeutic intervention in enterococcal endocarditis.
Ion-Directed Synthesis of Indium-Derived 2,5-Thiophenedicarboxylate Metal–Organic Frameworks: Tuning Framework Dimensionality (2016)

Template directed synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is of increasing interest. Herein we report the synthesis of six new MOFs synthesized from 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (TDC) and InCl3. The new frameworks are formally two- (YCM-21) and one-dimensional (YCM-22) anionic, as well as three-dimensional neutral (YCM-23). YCM-22 contains an unprecedented dianionic [InCl3(κ2-O2CAr)2]2– node. The structural diversity represented by these materials is entirely controlled by addition of organic ammonium salts during the synthesis process. The role of the additives is briefly discussed with observed correlations of (1) hydrogen bonding and cation−π interactions influencing MOF dimensionality and (2) the presence of anionic chlorides creating a chlorine-rich metal center leading to a one-dimensional framework.
Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Interacts with Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K (1998)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein, a component of viral nucleocapsid, has been shown to modulate cellular and viral promoter activities. To identify potential cellular targets for HCV core protein, a human liver cDNA library was screened for core-interacting proteins using the yeast two-hybrid system. Among the proteins identified was heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), which has been demonstrated to be a transcriptional regulator. The interaction of HCV core protein with hnRNP K was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase fusion protein binding assay, protein-protein blotting assay, and coimmunoprecipitation in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, these two proteins were shown to be partially colocalized in the nucleus. The hnRNP K-binding site in HCV core protein was mapped to the region from amino acid residues 25-91, a hydrophilic area near the N terminus. The HCV core protein-binding domain was located within amino acid residues 250 to 392, which contain the three proline-rich domains, of hnRNP K. Furthermore, HCV core protein relieved the suppression effect of hnRNP K on the activity of the human thymidine kinase gene promoter. The specific binding of HCV core protein to hnRNP K suggests that multiple functions of hnRNP K may be disrupted by the core protein during HCV infection and thus explains, in part, the pathogenesis of HCV.
Biosensors Send Mixed Signals (1997)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTBiosensors Send Mixed SignalsDespite remarkable breadth of biosensor research, commercial success has been limitedA. MAUREEN ROUHIView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1997, 75, 19, 41–45Publication Date (Print):May 12, 1997Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 12 May 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v075n019.p041https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n019.p041newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Biotechnology,Sensors Get e-Alerts
The business of deubiquitination – location, location, location (2016)

A majority of proteins in the cell can be modified by ubiquitination, thereby altering their function or stability. This ubiquitination is controlled by both ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). The number of ubiquitin ligases exceeds that of DUBs by about eightfold, indicating that DUBs may have much broader substrate specificity. Despite this, DUBs have been shown to have quite specific physiological functions. This functional specificity is likely due to very precise regulation of activity arising from the sophisticated use of all mechanisms of enzyme regulation. In this commentary, we briefly review key features of DUBs with more emphasis on regulation. In particular, we focus on localization of the enzymes as a critical regulatory mechanism which when integrated with control of expression, substrate activation, allosteric regulation, and post-translational modifications results in precise spatial and temporal deubiquitination of proteins and therefore specific physiological functions. Identification of compounds that target the structural elements in DUBs that dictate localization may be a more promising approach to development of drugs with specificity of action than targeting the enzymatic activity, which for most DUBs is dependent on a thiol group that can react non-specifically with many compounds in large-scale screening.
In vivo verification of the acoustic model used to predict temperature elevations for MRI guided ultrasound surgery (2002)

Previous studies have shown that larger focal volumes created by phased-arrays result in lower overall treatment times when multiple sonications are required to necrose large tissue volumes. To fully utilize and optimize complex phased arrays, accurate theoretical models are required for prediction of the temperature elevation in vivo. So far, numerical simulation models have been shown to be relatively accurate for predicting coagulated tissue volumes (C. Damiano et al., 1995). However, there have not been studies investigating the accuracy of the actual temperature elevations in vivo. In the current experiment, an 8 element sector-vortex array has been constructed and tested in rabbit thigh in vivo. Temperature sensitive MRI imaging sequences were used to monitor the temperature elevations. A comparison of the theoretically calculated temperature elevations with the temperature elevations as monitored with the MRI resulted in a discrepancy. The theoretical temperature elevation for a single focus pattern was 2.7/spl plusmn/19% times higher than the measured, while for a mode 4 sonication, the theoretical value was only 1.1/spl plusmn/21% higher than the measured. These results indicate that the theoretical model used to predict temperature elevations in vivo neglects some phenomenon that is dependent on focal volume.
High‐level synthesis of human prolactin in Chinese‐hamster ovary cells (2000)

Two eukaryotic human prolactin (hPRL) expression vectors, based on a selectable dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) marker, were used to transfect dhfr(-) Chinese- hamster ovary (CHO) cells. One vector, p658-hPRL, contains the hepatitis-B virus-X cDNA coding for a viral transactivator and sequences mediating dhfr mRNA degradation. The other, pEDdc-hPRL, carries the encephalomyocarditis virus leader sequence coupled to hPRL cDNA to provide high-level protein expression, possibly via a mechanism of internal translation initiation in dicistronic mRNA. Without methotrexate (MTX) amplification, p658-hPRL-transfected stable cell lines, secreting up to approximately 10 microg of hPRL/10(6) cells per day, could be rapidly obtained; production by pEDdc-hPRL-transfected cells was about 10-fold lower. However, a three-step MTX amplification of the latter led to clones secreting up to approximately 30 microg of hPRL/10(6) cells per day. A pilot production using a hollow-fibre bioreactor indicated that highly concentrated hormone levels in the medium could be obtained, with a production of up to 150 microg of hPRL/ml per day. SDS/PAGE analysis indicated that recombinant hPRL contained approximately 10% glycosylated PRL. Chromatographically purified non-glycosylated and glycosylated recombinant hPRL had bioactivities of 35 and 16 i.u./mg, respectively (Nb2 cell bioassay). This appears to be the first report describing production and purification of recombinant hPRL from CHO cells, secreted at levels higher than reported thus far in eukaryotic systems.
Efficient memory safety for TinyOS (2007)

Reliable sensor network software is difficult to create: applications are concurrent and distributed, hardware-based memory protection is unavailable, and severe resource constraints necessitate the use of unsafe, low-level languages. Our work improves this situation by providing efficient memory and type safety for TinyOS 2 applications running on the Mica2, MicaZ, and TelosB platforms. Safe execution ensures that array and pointer errors are caught before they can corrupt RAM. Our contributions include showing that aggressive optimizations can make safe execution practical in terms of resource usage; developing a technique for efficiently enforcing safety under interrupt-driven concurrency; extending the nesC language and compiler to support safety annotations; finding previously unknown bugs in TinyOS; and, finally, showing that safety can be exploited to increase the availability of sensor networks applications even when memory errors are left unfixed.
Theoretical Strength and Cleavage of Diamond (2000)

The theoretical strength of diamond has been calculated for the <100>, <110>, and <111> directions using a first principles approach and is found to be strongly dependent on crystallographic direction. This elastic anisotropy, found at large strains, and particularly the pronounced minimum in cohesion in the <111> direction, is believed to be the reason for the remarkable dominance of the 111 cleavage plane when diamond is fractured. The extra energy required to cleave a crystal on planes other than 111 is discussed with reference to simple surface energy calculations and also the introduction of bond-bending terms.
Mirror effects on dynamic response of surface-emitting lasers (1995)

The effects of longitudinal wave distribution and mirror structures on the small-signal response of surface-emitting lasers are analyzed for the first time. The analysis is based on an improved dynamic model implemented in the transfer-matrix representation. It is shown that for two structures with the same threshold gain and the same internal structure, high contrast mirrors give rise to a higher relaxation oscillation and modulation bandwidth for the same injection level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2-Deoxyglucose induces Akt phosphorylation via a mechanism independent of LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase signaling activation or glycolysis inhibition (2008)

The compound 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) enhances chemotherapy/radiotherapy in cell lines and animal models, prompting two phase I clinical trials with this cancer therapeutic. Although its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, it is hypothesized that the molecular basis of 2-DG activity is related to glycolysis inhibition. Here, we report that 2-DG induced Akt phosphorylation at Thr(308) and Ser(473) as early as 15 min post-treatment. These phosphorylation events required phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity but were not related to LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase signaling, the inhibition of glycolysis or epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. The 2-DG-mediated Akt phosphorylation also led to the phosphorylation of Akt downstream targets, such as Foxo3a, GSK3beta, and Chk1. Because the functional consequence of Akt activation includes chemotherapy/radiotherapy resistance, our data suggested that the combination of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt inhibitory agents in 2-DG-based chemotherapy/radiotherapy may result in enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
Which leukocyte subsets predict cardiovascular mortality? From the LUdwigshafen RIsk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study (2012)

Due to its predictive potential and inexpensive determination, assessment of high neutrophil counts may represent an important marker, possibly improving cardiovascular mortality risk prediction.
Methods and applications for ontology-based recommender systems (2010)

Recommender systems are a specific type of information filtering systems used to identify a set of objects that are relevant to a user. Instead of a user actively searching for information, recommender systems provide advice to users about objects they might wish to examine. Content-based recommender systems deal with problems related to analyzing the content, making heterogeneous content interoperable, and retrieving relevant content for the user. \n This thesis explores ontology-based methods to reduce these problems and to evaluate the applicability of the methods in recommender systems. First, the content analysis is improved by developing an automatic annotation method that produces structured ontology-based annotations from text. Second, an event-based method is developed to enable interoperability of heterogeneous content representations. Third, methods for semantic content retrieval are developed to determine relevant objects for the user. \n The methods are implemented as part of recommender systems in two cultural heritage information systems: CULTURESAMPO and SMARTMUSEUM. The performance of the methods were evaluated through user studies. The results can be divided into five parts. First, the results show improvement in automatic content analysis compared to state of the art methods and achieve performance close to human annotators. Second, the results show that the event-based method developed is suitable for bridging heterogeneous content representations. Third, the retrieval methods show accurate performance compared to user opinions. Fourth, semantic distance measures are compared to study the best query expansion strategy. Finally, practical solutions are developed to enable user profiling and result clustering. \n The results show that ontology-based methods enable interoperability of heterogeneous knowledge representations and result in accurate recommendations. The deployment of the methods to practical recommender systems show applicability of the results in real life settings.
A micromechanical parametric oscillator for frequency division and phase noise reduction (2014)

A capacitive-gap transduced micromechanical resonator array has demonstrated a frst on-chip MEMS-based frequency divider with 61-MHz output generated from a 121-MHz electrical drive through use of a parametric oscillation effect that provides not only the 6 dB reduction in close-to-carrier phase noise expected for a frequency divide-by-two function, but also a remarkable 23 dB reduction in far-from-carrier noise provided by fltering with an extremely high mechanical Q of 91,500. Unlike conventional frequency dividers (i.e., prescalers), the parametric oscillator dispenses with active devices and their associated noise, and operates with close to zero power consumption, limited in principle only by the power required to overcome MEMS resonator loss, estimated here at 100 nW. With an output voltage swing of 450 mVpp generated from only 445 mVpp of input swing on a differential version of this MEMS divider, cascaded chains of fully passive dividers are possible, as needed for use in real-world phase-locked loops and frequency synthesizers.
A Bridge Circuit for the Dynamic Characterization of Sample/ Hold Amplifiers (1978)

A transformer bridge technique is described for measuring the dynamic performance of sample/hold amplifiers (S/H's). The technique accurately measures dynamic gain errors, signal delay, aperture time delay and jitter, and acquisition time. These parameters are of particular importance to simultaneous data acquisition. The bridge is self-calibrating, and the voltage and time resolution are primarily limited only by the oscilloscope which serves as a detector.
The study and development of rechargeable magnesium battery (2002)

Rechargeable magnesium batteries was a new battery system developed in the past few years. It was made of cheap and environment friendly materials and had other excellences such as high energy density and easy to handle. The characteristics of the rechargeable magnesium batteries, especially both of the positive materials, the negative materials and electrolyte solution for the rechargeable magnesium batteries were reviewed.