gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Naphthalenedicarboximide- vs Perylenedicarboximide-Based Copolymers. Synthesis and Semiconducting Properties in Bottom-Gate N-Channel Organic Transistors (2008)

Two new n-channel polymeric semiconductors for organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on electron-depleted perylene- (PDI) and naphthalene-dicarboxyimide (NDI) polymerized with dithiophene are reported: poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene dicarboximide-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)}, P(NDI2OD-T2), and poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide-(1,7&1,6)-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)}, P(PDI2OD-T2). Polymer regioregularity and electronic structure strongly depend on the rylene co-monomer. The use of NDI enables a regioregular and high-molecular-weight polymer with greatly stabilized electron transport in ambient. Unoptimized P(NDI2OD-T2)-based TFTs exhibit good electron mobilities [mu(e) approximately 0.04 (0.01) cm(2)/V.s in vacuum (ambient after 16 weeks) vs mu(e) approximately 0.003 (2 x 10(-4)) cm(2)/V.s in vacuum (ambient after 1.5 week) for P(PDI2OD-T2)] and on-off current modulation [I(on):I(off) > 10(6)].
Cell phone radiation: Evidence from ELF and RF studies supporting more inclusive risk identification and assessment (2009)

Many national and international exposure standards for maximum radiation exposure from the use of cell phone and other similar portable devices are ultimately based on the production of heat particularly in regions of the head, that is, thermal effects (TE). The recent elevation in some countries of the allowable exposure, that is, averaging the exposure that occurs in a 6min period over 10g of tissue rather than over 1g allows for greater heating in small portions of the 10-g volume compared to the exposure that would be allowed averaged over 1-g volume. There is concern that 'hot' spots, that is, momentary higher intensities, could occur in portions of the 10-g tissue piece, might have adverse consequences, particularly in brain tissue. There is another concern about exposure to cell phone radiation that has been virtually ignored except for the National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) advice given in a publication in 1986 [National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurements, Biological Effects and Exposure Criteria for Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurements, 1986, 400 pp.]. This NCRP review and guidance explicitly acknowledge the existence of non-thermal effects (NTE), and included provisions for reduced maximum-allowable limits should certain radiation characteristics occur during the exposure. If we are to take most current national and international exposure standards as completely protective of thermal injury for acute exposure only (6min time period) then the recent evidence from epidemiological studies associating increases in brain and head cancers with increased cell phone use per day and per year over 8-12 years, raises concerns about the possible health consequences on NTE first acknowledged in the NCRP 1986 report [National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurements, Biological Effects and Exposure Criteria for Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurements, 1986, 400 pp.]. This paper will review some of the salient evidence that demonstrates the existence of NTE and the exposure complexities that must be considered and understood to provide appropriate, more thorough evaluation and guidance for future studies and for assessment of potential health consequences. Unfortunately, this paper is necessary because most national and international reviews of the research area since the 1986 report [National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurements, Biological Effects and Exposure Criteria for Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurements, 1986, 400 pp.] have not included scientists with expertise in NTE, or given appropriate attention to their requests to include NTE in the establishment of public-health-based radiation exposure standards. Thus, those standards are limited because they are not comprehensive.
Bibliography of papers, reports, and presentations related to point-sample dimensional measurement methods for machined part evaluation (1996)

The Dimensional Inspection Techniques Specification (DITS) Project is an ongoing effort to produce tools and guidelines for optimum sampling and data analysis of machined parts, when measured using point-sample methods of dimensional metrology. This report is a compilation of results of a literature survey, conducted in support of the DITS. Over 160 citations are included, with author abstracts where available.
Aerosol Process for the<i>In Situ</i>Coating of Nanoparticles with a Polymer Shell (2014)

This article presents a novel method to encapsulate gas-borne nanoparticles with a polymeric shell. This method implies heterogeneous condensation of monomer vapor around the surface of nanoparticles as nuclei and polymerization is then subsequently started by addition of NH3 as aerosol initiator. Ag and SiO2 nanoparticles were generated as inorganic core by spark discharge and nebulization, respectively, and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was used as organic monomer. The effect of several parameters, including vapor pressure of monomer and properties of inorganic core such as morphology, material, particle size, and production method on the thickness of polymeric shell and morphology of resulting nanocomposites has been investigated. The particle size distribution and morphology of the resulting core-shell nanoparticles have been studied via scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Finally, the coating efficiency was determined by aerosol photoemission (APE) and the results show that monomer and polymer coating efficiency are 99% and 60%, respectively.Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research
Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function (2018)

Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and function in the elderly that reduces mobility, diminishes quality of life, and can lead to fall-related injuries, which require costly hospitalization and extended rehabilitation. This review focuses on the aging-related structural changes and mechanisms at cellular and subcellular levels underlying changes in the individual motor unit: specifically, the perikaryon of the α-motoneuron, its neuromuscular junction(s), and the muscle fibers that it innervates. Loss of muscle mass with aging, which is largely due to the progressive loss of motoneurons, is associated with reduced muscle fiber number and size. Muscle function progressively declines because motoneuron loss is not adequately compensated by reinnervation of muscle fibers by the remaining motoneurons. At the intracellular level, key factors are qualitative changes in posttranslational modifications of muscle proteins and the loss of coordinated control between contractile, mitochondrial, and sarcoplasmic reticulum protein expression. Quantitative and qualitative changes in skeletal muscle during the process of aging also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acquired and hereditary neuromuscular disorders. In experimental models, specific intervention strategies have shown encouraging results on limiting deterioration of motor unit structure and function under conditions of impaired innervation. Translated to the clinic, if these or similar interventions, by saving muscle and improving mobility, could help alleviate sarcopenia in the elderly, there would be both great humanitarian benefits and large cost savings for health care systems.
Towards a precise definition of the OMG/MDA framework (2005)

We are currently witnessing an important paradigm shift in information system construction, namely the move from object and component technology to model technology. The object technology revolution has allowed the replacement of the over twenty-year-old step-wise procedural decomposition paradigm with the more fashionable object composition paradigm. Surprisingly, this evolution seems to have triggered another even more radical change, the current trend toward model transformation. A concrete example is the Object Management Group's rapid move from its previous Object Management Architecture vision to the latest Model-Driven Architecture. This paper proposes an interpretation of this evolution through abstract investigation. In order to stay as language-independent as possible, we have employed the neutral formalism of Sowa's conceptual graphs to describe the various situations characterizing this organization. This will allow us to identify potential problems in the proposed modeling framework and suggest some possible solutions.
Use of Paromomycin for Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis in Patients with AIDS (1993)

Cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS often leads to a severe wasting illness that is difficult to treat. Recent reports suggest that paromomycin may be useful in the treatment of intestinal cryptosporidiosis. We reviewed our experience using paromomycin for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in seven patients with AIDS. All patients received paromomycin (500 mg orally every 6 hours) for an average of 11.7 days. The mean follow-up period was 3.2 months. All patients had an initial response to paromomycin that was characterized by a decrease in frequency of diarrheal episodes, stabilization of body weight, and/or eradication of cryptosporidia from the stool. The mean number of diarrheal episodes decreased from 10.9 to 1.7 daily. Stabilization or increase in body weight was noted for five of seven patients, and eradication of oocysts was documented for three patients. Relapses or recurrences were noted for three patients. Treatment with paromomycin was well tolerated by all patients with the exception of two, who experienced nausea and abdominal discomfort. Thus, paromomycin appears to be a promising agent for treatment of acute cryptosporidiosis.
Isomeric Arylstearic Acids (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsomeric Arylstearic AcidsF. D. Smith, H. E. Kenney, and A. J. StirtonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 3, 885–888Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01014a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01014a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Formation of Dihydrotestosterone and Other 5α-Reduced Metabolites by Isolated Seminiferous Tubules and Suspension of Interstitial Cells in a Human Testis (1973)

Interstitial cells were separated from seminiferous tubules in a testis from a 17-yr-old male by treatment of tissue with collagenase. The separated compartments were incubated with 3H-androstenedione and a NADPH generating system. The various products were isolated, identified and the amounts produced following a 2-hr incubation were compared in the separated tissue compartments. The conversion to testosterone was approximately the same in the 2 compartments. Seminiferous tubules effected a much greater conversion to Sa-reduced metabolites than did the interstitial cell suspension. The ratio of Sa-reduced steroids in tubules to that in interstitial cell suspension was 50 to 1. Only seminiferous tubules synthesized dihydrotestosterone, while androsterone was only identified in the interstitial cell incubation. Both 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol were found in equal amounts in seminiferous tubules (7% total conversion from androstenedione). The androstanediols were found only in minute quantities in the interstitial cell suspension (0.13%). The ratio of the extent of cleavage of 3H-pregnenolone sulfate in seminiferous tubules compared to the interstitial cell suspension in a 2-hr incubation was 61%: 6.9%. The data suggest that dihydrotestosterone may be the mediator of androgen action in human seminiferous tubules.
Chemical and mineralogical characteristics of French green clays used for healing (2008)

The worldwide emergence of infectious diseases, together with the increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, elevate the need to properly detect, prevent, and effectively treat these infections. The overuse and misuse of common antibiotics in recent decades stimulates the need to identify new inhibitory agents. Therefore, natural products like clays, that display antibacterial properties, are of particular interest.The absorptive properties of clay minerals are well documented for healing skin and gastrointestinal ailments. However, the antibacterial properties of clays have received less scientific attention. French green clays have recently been shown to heal Buruli ulcer, a necrotic or 'flesh-eating' infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Assessing the antibacterial properties of these clays could provide an inexpensive treatment for Buruli ulcer and other skin infections.Antimicrobial testing of the two clays on a broad-spectrum of bacterial pathogens showed that one clay promotes bacterial growth (possibly provoking a response from the natural immune system), while another kills bacteria or significantly inhibits bacterial growth. This paper compares the mineralogy and chemical composition of the two French green clays used in the treatment of Buruli ulcer.Mineralogically, the two clays are dominated by 1Md illite and Fe-smectite. Comparing the chemistry of the clay minerals and exchangeable ions, we conclude that the chemistry of the clay, and the surface properties that affect pH and oxidation state, control the chemistry of the water used to moisten the clay poultices and contribute the critical antibacterial agent(s) that ultimately debilitate the bacteria.
HPLC/Chemiluminescence Detection of Methamphetamine and Amphetamine in Hair (1998)

We have developed a highly sensitive HPLC method using chemiluminescence detection (CL-HPLC) for determining methamphetamine (MA) and its metabolite, amphetamine (AP), in a single hair. MA and AP were extracted from a single hair with a solution of methanol and hydrochloric acid, evaporated to dryness, dansylated, and subjected to CL-HPLC. Bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate and hydrogen peroxide were used as post column reagents. This method was used for the determination of MA and AP in hair samples obtained from 44 MA users. Of these, 31 samples showed both MA and AP, 8 samples showed only MA and 5 samples showed neither MA nor AP. Seven MA users whose hair samples contained both MA and AP, neither compound was detected in the urine. Because the present method can be performed on a single hair, it is easier to procure samples and to obtain the subjects' willingness to provide samples.
[Membrane markers and interleukin-2 receptor of splenic lymphocytes in children with aplastic anemia: detection of active subpopulations]. (1990)

A total of 16 children with aplastic anemia were investigated, among them 6 girls and 10 boys, the mean age 10.5 years. Splenectomy was included into the complex of treatment along with glucocorticoid and transfusion-replacement therapy of all the children. The membrane markers of splenic lymphocytes were assayed in the indirect immunofluorescence test with monoclonal antibodies of ICO and OKT series. The mean parameters did not significantly differ from those of subpopulations of splenic lymphocytes in the control group described in the literature. An individual analysis made in 8 patients (50%) has revealed active lymphocyte populations in the spleen: in the group of patients with a favourable prognosis to the disease an increase in the percent of B-cells was recorded in 2, OKT8(+)-lymphocytes in 1 patient; a rise in the percent of cells with receptors to interleukin-2 in 3 patients (from 25 to 32%); in the group of patients with severe aplasia an increase in the percent of activated HLA-DR(+)-lymphocytes was recorded in 2, and OKT8(+)-lymphocytes in 1 patient. All the patients responded well to the treatment. It has been suggested that in all cases the splenectomy effect is associated with the removal of immunoactive lymphocytes and can serve as an equivalent of the immunosuppressive therapy. The effect of splenectomy in the rest cases has been obscure.
Serum lipoproteins, insulin, and urinary prostanoid metabolites in normal and hypertensive pregnant women (1995)

The metabolic characteristics (hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperuricemia, low HDL2 cholesterol) in pregnancy-induced hypertension resemble the main features of the "insulin resistance syndrome." This may result in endothelial cell dysfunction as evidenced by PGI2 suppression.
Effects of noise on transients of injection locked semiconductor lasers (1993)

Semiconductor laser injection locking transients are analyzed. By adiabatically eliminating the carrier dynamics, a single nonlinear stochastic differential equation is obtained for the relative phase between the master and slave lasors. The corresponding Fokker-Planck equation is used to study the steady-state locked conditions as well as phase transients of the locking process. Noise causes the steady-state relative phase between the master and the slave lasers to be a random variable with a standard deviation of approximately a few degrees for typical injection levels. The standard deviation can be reduced by using a phase detector with a limited bandwidth. The mean locking time in the presence of noise is slightly less than the deterministic prediction. Noise also causes the locked lasers to have a finite probability to momentarily unlock.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Palaeozoic dolomite reservoirs in the Permian Basin, SW USA: stratigraphic distribution, porosity, permeability and production (2004)

Abstract Dolomite and dolomite reservoirs are common in Ordovician and middle to upper Permian carbonates in the ‘Permian Basin’ area of the SW United States. Scattered, but significant, dolomite reservoirs also occur in the Silurian and Devonian. In the middle to upper Permian, platform and shelf-top carbonates were dolomitized, while limestones in slope and basinal environments were not. Most dolomitization of Ordovician and Permian carbonates occurred in evaporated seawater shortly after deposition (reflux dolomitization). Most dolomitizing brines apparently formed in tidal flat and restricted lagoonal environments in the platform and shelf interiors, and on depositional highs near shelf and platform margins. More than 26 billion barrels of oil have been produced from the Permian Basin, with most of that oil coming from Palaeozoic (mainly Permian) dolomites. Permian Basin dolomites have very heterogeneous porosity and permeability on a wide range of scales. Field-scale (km-scale) variations in porosity are commonly related to position in the original dolomitizing system. Porosity generally increases away from the apparent source of the dolomitizing brines because a greater volume of dolomite was precipitated in proximal parts of the dolomitizing system than in the distal parts; hence, porosity is greater in dolomites in the basinward parts of fields. Most Permian Basin dolomite reservoirs are structural traps with stratigraphic enhancement of closure by loss of porosity and permeability towards the shelf or platform interior. Many traps were formed by compactional drape over the same features that created highs during deposition. Hence, the structurally highest parts of many fields have the poorest porosity and permeability because they coincide with proximal parts of the original dolomitizing system. The most porous, permeable and productive dolomites are on the basinward flanks of structures, and often near the oil-water contact. Dolomite reservoirs in the Permian Basin are quite variable. Ultimate oil recoveries from these fields range from <1000 barrels to 2 billion barrels, with the largest fields in shallow middle Permian (San Andres/Grayburg) reservoirs. Reservoir depths range from 1500 to more than 14 000 ft (500–4300 m). Average porosities for fields are 1–21%, with porosities generally decreasing with depth. Average permeabilities are 1–1000 mD. Many deeper reservoirs have high permeability related to fractures in karstified Ordovician reservoirs. Recovery efficiencies are 10–65% of the original oil in place, with higher recovery efficiency associated with larger pores and higher permeabilities.
SoK: Computer-Aided Cryptography (2021)

Computer-aided cryptography is an active area of research that develops and applies formal, machine-checkable approaches to the design, analysis, and implementation of cryptography. We present a cross-cutting systematization of the computer-aided cryptography literature, focusing on three main areas: (i) design-level security (both symbolic security and computational security), (ii) functional correctness and efficiency, and (iii) implementation-level security (with a focus on digital side-channel resistance). In each area, we first clarify the role of computer-aided cryptography—how it can help and what the caveats are—in addressing current challenges. We next present a taxonomy of state-of-the-art tools, comparing their accuracy, scope, trustworthiness, and usability. Then, we highlight their main achievements, trade-offs, and research challenges. After covering the three main areas, we present two case studies. First, we study efforts in combining tools focused on different areas to consolidate the guarantees they can provide. Second, we distill the lessons learned from the computer-aided cryptography community’s involvement in the TLS 1.3 standardization effort. Finally, we conclude with recommendations to paper authors, tool developers, and standardization bodies moving forward.
Tongue Fat and its Relationship to Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2014)

There is increased tongue volume and deposition of fat at the base of tongue in apneics compared to controls. Increased tongue fat may begin to explain the relationship between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea.
Transport of residual ions and rectification in liquid-crystal displays (1978)

Field-effect devices with evaporated silicon monoxide coatings for liquid-crystal alignment exhibit rectification under dc and ac excitation when the coatings are asymmetric. The rectification mechanism is a polarity- and electrode-dependent depletion of residual ionic carriers from the bulk. Polarity reversal transients offer a novel means of studying the electrode double-layer charging and demonstrate hydrodynamic contributions to the mobility. The threshold conditions for rectification under ac excitation are outlined.
Impact of Dynamic <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET on the Early Prediction of Therapy Outcome in Patients with High-Risk Soft-Tissue Sarcomas After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Feasibility Study (2010)

On the basis of these results, only a multiparameter analysis based on kinetic (18)F-FDG data of a baseline study and after 2 cycles is helpful for the early prediction of chemosensitivity in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.