gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model Averaging for Prediction with Discrete Bayesian Networks (2004)

In this paper we consider the problem of performing Bayesian model-averaging over a class of discrete Bayesian network structures consistent with a partial ordering and with bounded in-degree k. We show that for N nodes this class contains in the worst-case at least distinct network structures, and yet model averaging over these structures can be performed using operations. Furthermore we show that there exists a single Bayesian network that defines a joint distribution over the variables that is equivalent to model averaging over these structures. Although constructing this network is computationally prohibitive, we show that it can be approximated by a tractable network, allowing approximate model-averaged probability calculations to be performed in O(N) time. Our result also leads to an exact and linear-time solution to the problem of averaging over the 2N possible feature sets in a naive Bayes model, providing an exact Bayesian solution to the troublesome feature-selection problem for naive Bayes classifiers. We demonstrate the utility of these techniques in the context of supervised classification, showing empirically that model averaging consistently beats other generative Bayesian-network-based models, even when the generating model is not guaranteed to be a member of the class being averaged over. We characterize the performance over several parameters on simulated and real-world data.
A new method for stress relieving amorphous alloys to improve magnetic properties (1984)

An analysis of the kinetics of stress relief annealing in amorphous alloys, with particular emphasis on the effect of annealing on the resulting magnetic properties, is made. Based on this analysis, an optimal procedure for annealing amorphous alloy magnetic cores is suggested. It involves a fast heatup to a high temperature for a short time. The expected benefits of this procedure are decreased embrittlement, lower strain induced anisotropy, and lower residual stresses. The conventional technique for stress relieving magnetic cores proved unsuitable for the application of the new annealing treatment. A new technique was devised in which the ribbon is dynamically annealed as it is wound onto the core. The magnetic properties of the resulting toroids are superior to those produced by the conventional technique.
Toward stochastic design for digital circuits: statistical static timing analysis (2004)

Due to the process variations and the variations of environmental factors such as supply voltage and temperature, the circuit parameters and hence the circuit performance such as delay fluctuate, and their variability and uncertainty are increasing in the deep sub-micron technology. Therefore, producing high performance digital circuits in high yield becomes difficult more and more. Various efforts have been done in order to analyze and reduce such fluctuations. Among them, statistical static timing analysis has been studied intensively in these days, which finds the distribution of the critical delay when the distribution of the delay of each element in a circuit is given. Such a statistical analysis takes probability into consideration, and is different from the conventional design style treating deterministic values only. Hence, it can be called a stochastic design style, which fits to the concept of the yield. This paper surveys the statistical static timing analysis tools, and considers the expectations of stochastic design. In the deep sub-micron technology, numerous collaborations between design and process will be needed in order to increase the yield and to shorten the time-to-market. Therefore, stochastic design style may open a new vista in the digital circuit design.
The leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) protein, CaLRR1, interacts with the hypersensitive induced reaction (HIR) protein, CaHIR1, and suppresses cell death induced by the CaHIR1 protein (2007)

Leucine-rich repeat proteins (LRRs) function in a number of signal transduction pathways via protein-protein interactions. The gene encoding a small protein of pepper, CaLRR1, is specifically induced upon pathogen challenge and treatment with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). We identified a pepper hypersensitive induced reaction (CaHIR1) protein that interacts with the LRR domain of the CaLRR1 protein using yeast two-hybrid screening. Ectopic expression of the pepper CaHIR1 gene induces cell death in tobacco and Arabidopsis, indicating that the CaHIR1 protein may be a positive regulator of HR-like cell death. Because transformation is very difficult in pepper plants, we over-expressed CaLRR1 and CaHIR1 in Arabidopsis to determine cellular functions of the two genes. The over-expression of the CaHIR1 gene, but not the CaLRR1 gene, in transgenic Arabidopsis confers disease resistance in response to Pseudomonas syringae infection, accompanied by the strong expression of PR genes, the accumulation of both salicylic acid and H(2)O(2), and K(+) efflux in plant cells. In Arabidopsis and tobacco plants over-expressing both CaHIR1 and CaLRR1, the CaLRR1 protein suppresses not only CaHIR1-induced cell death, but also PR gene expression elicited by CaHIR1 via its association with HIR protein. We propose that the CaLRR1 protein functions as a novel negative regulator of CaHIR1-mediated cell death responses in plants.
The nucleotide sequence of the <i>rodC</i> operon of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1989)

The rodC1 mutation of Bacillus subtilis is a temperature-sensitive marker which affects the levels of teichoic acid synthesis and the cellular morphology. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the bicistronic operon which contains the rodC gene and the nucleotide sequence of the rodC1 mutant allele. The temperature-sensitive phenotype of the rodC mutant is the result of a single base-pair change. A cytosine to thymine transition in the non-coding strand results in the replacement of a serine residue in the wild-type protein with a phenylalanine residue in the mutant protein. The other gene in the operon, the rodD gene, appears to be equivalent to the gtaA gene which encodes uridine diphosphate-glucose poly-(glycerol phosphate) alpha-glucosyl transferase, an enzyme involved in techoic acid synthesis. This is the first nucleotide sequence analysis of both the wild-type and mutant alleles of a morphogene in B. subtilis.
The Role of Hyaluronan Synthase 3 in Ventilator-induced Lung Injury (2005)

We recently found that low-molecular-weight hyaluronan was induced by cyclic stretch in lung fibroblasts and accumulated in lungs from animals with ventilator-induced lung injury. The low-molecular-weight hyaluronan produced by stretch increased interleukin-8 production in epithelial cells, and was accompanied by an upregulation of hyaluronan synthase-3 mRNA. We hypothesized that low-molecular-weight hyaluronan induced by high VT was dependent on hyaluronan synthase 3, and was associated with ventilator-induced lung injury. Effects of high VT ventilation in C57BL/6 wild-type and hyaluronan synthase-3 knockout mice were compared. Significantly increased neutrophil infiltration, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 production, and lung microvascular leak were found in wild-type animals ventilated with high VT. These reactions were significantly reduced in hyaluronan synthase-3 knockout mice, except the capillary leak. Wild-type mice ventilated with high VT were found to have increased low-molecular-weight hyaluronan in lung tissues and concomitant increased expression of hyaluronan synthase-3 mRNA, neither of which was found in hyaluronan synthase-3 knockout mice. We conclude that high VT induced low-molecular-weight hyaluronan production is dependent on de novo synthesis through hyaluronan synthase 3, and plays a role in the inflammatory response of ventilator-induced lung injury.
Memory of Chirality of Tertiary Aromatic Amides: A Simple and Efficient Method for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary α-Amino Acids (2009)

A new methodology for the asymmetric synthesis of quaternary alpha-substituted amino acids using memory of chirality has been developed. The strategy utilizes the dynamic axial chirality of tertiary aromatic amides to memorize the initial chirality of an alpha-amino acid during an enolization step. Starting from five different l-amino acids, the corresponding oxazolidin-5-ones containing a tertiary aromatic amide group have been synthesized in one step and then alkylated with various electrophiles, with good yields and enantioselectivities (up to 96% and up to >99% after recrystallization). One-step deprotection affords enantioenriched or enantiopure quaternary alpha-amino acids. We describe here the optimization process, the results obtained in each series and a plausible explanation, based on NMR studies, DFT calculations and crystallographic structures. The methodology presented herein constitutes an efficient synthesis of enantiopure quaternary alpha-amino acids (three steps only) starting from tertiary l-amino acids, without any external source of chirality.
Reduction of Pesticide Residues on Fresh Vegetables with Electrolyzed Water Treatment (2011)

Degradation of the 3 pesticides (acephate, omethoate, and dimethyl dichloroviny phosphate [DDVP]) by electrolyzed water was investigated. These pesticides were commonly used as broad-spectrum insecticides in pest control and high-residual levels had been detected in vegetables. Our research showed that the electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water (pH 2.3, available chlorine concentration:70 ppm, oxidation-reduction potential [ORP]: 1170 mV) and the electrolyzed reducing (ER) water (pH 11.6, ORP: -860 mV) can reduce the pesticide residues effectively. Pesticide residues on fresh spinach after 30 min of immersion in electrolyzed water reduced acephate by 74% (EO) and 86% (ER), omethoate by 62% (EO) and 75% (ER), DDVP by 59% (EO) and 46% (ER), respectively. The efficacy of using EO water or ER water was found to be better than that of using tap water or detergent (both were reduced by more than 25%). Besides spinach, the cabbage and leek polluted by DDVP were also investigated and the degradation efficacies were similar to the spinach. Moreover, we found that the residual level of pesticide residue decreased with prolonged immersion time. Using EO or ER water to wash the vegetables did not affect the contents of Vitamin C, which inferred that the applications of EO or ER water to wash the vegetables would not result in loss of nutrition.
Titanocene–Phosphine Derivatives as Precursors to Cytotoxic Heterometallic TiAu<sub>2</sub>and TiM (M = Pd, Pt) Compounds. Studies of Their Interactions with DNA (2011)

A series of tri- and bimetallic titanium-gold, titanium-palladium, and titanium-platinum derivatives of the general formulas [Ti{η(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(n)PPh(2)(AuCl)}(2)]·2THF [n = 0 (1); n = 2 (2); n = 3 (3)] and [TiCl(2){η(5)-C(5)H(4)κ-(CH(2))(n)PPh(2)}(2)(MCl(2))]·2THF [M = Pd, n = 0 (4); n = 2 (5); n = 3 (6) ; M = Pt, n = 0 (7); n = 2 (8); n = 3 (9)] have been synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of compounds 1-9 have been investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. The calculated IR spectra of the optimized structures fit well with the experimental IR data obtained for 1-9. The stability of the heterometallic compounds in deuterated solvents [CDCl(3), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-d(6), and mixtures 50:50 DMSO-d(6)/D(2)O and 1:99 DMSO-d(6)/D(2)O at acidic and neutral pH] has been evaluated by (31)P and (1)H NMR spectroscopy showing a higher stability for these compounds than for Cp(2)TiCl(2) or precursors [Ti{η(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(n)PPh(2)}(2)]. The new compounds display a lower acidity (1-2 units) than Cp(2)TiCl(2). The decomposition products have been identified over time. Complexes 1-9 have been tested as potential anticancer agents, and their cytotoxicity properties were evaluated in vitro against HeLa human cervical carcinoma and DU-145 human prostate cancer cells. TiAu(2) and TiPd compounds were highly cytotoxic for these two cell lines. The interactions of the compounds with calf thymus DNA have been evaluated by thermal denaturation (1-9) and by circular dichroism (1, 3, 4, and 7) spectroscopic methods. All of these complexes show a stronger interaction with DNA than that displayed by Cp(2)TiCl(2) at neutral pH. The data are consistent with electrostatic interactions with DNA for TiAu(2) compounds and for a covalent binding mode for TiM (M = Pd, Pt) complexes.
What Makes Writing Great? First Experiments on Article Quality Prediction in the Science Journalism Domain (2013)

Great writing is rare and highly admired. Readers seek out articles that are beautifully written, informative and entertaining. Yet information-access technologies lack capabilities for predicting article quality at this level. In this paper we present first experiments on article quality prediction in the science journalism domain. We introduce a corpus of great pieces of science journalism, along with typical articles from the genre. We implement features to capture aspects of great writing, including surprising, visual and emotional content, as well as general features related to discourse organization and sentence structure. We show that the distinction between great and typical articles can be detected fairly accurately, and that the entire spectrum of our features contribute to the distinction.
[Benzonitrile and derivatives. Synthesis and pharmacological study of alkyl para-cyanophenoxy alkanoates on the central nervous system]. (1989)

The results obtained by the pharmacological study of alkyl para-cyanophenoxy alkanoates seem to indicate that these derivatives present a sedative effect on the central nervous system. This activity increases with the number of methyl groups substituted, on ethyl para-cyanophenoxy acetate (except the motricity composent), most probably because of an increase in lipophily and therefore in the fixation on the central nervous system.
Motion Detection with Adaptive Background and Dynamic Thresholds (2006)

Human motion detection is a fundamental part for many computer vision tasks and various methods have been proposed. Background subtraction is a very popular method where the classification of pixels into motion pixels and background pixels is based on thresholding the difference image between a background image and a current image. The choice of threshold is crucial and many methods have been employed, from a preset threshold for the whole image to adaptive thresholds for each pixel. In this paper, a motion detection method by dynamically thresholding the difference image is proposed. We keep a static background image that is updated periodically, and compare the incoming frame with it to obtain the absolute difference image. If through a preliminary judgement that there are moving objects in the scene, Otsu's threshoding method is used to find the threshold to binarize the difference image. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Evaluation of cluster based Anomaly detection (2019)

Anomaly detection has been widely researched and used in various application domains such as network intrusion, military, and finance, etc. Anomalies can be defined as an unusual behavior that differs from the expected normal behavior. This thesis focuses on evaluating the performance of different clustering algorithms namely k-Means, DBSCAN, and OPTICS as an anomaly detector. The data is generated using the MixSim package available in R. The algorithms were tested on different cluster overlap and dimensions. Evaluation metrics such as Recall, precision, and F1 Score were used to analyze the performance of clustering algorithms. The results show that DBSCAN performed better than other algorithms when provided low dimensional data with different cluster overlap settings but it did not perform well when provided high dimensional data with different cluster overlap. For high dimensional data k-means performed better compared to DBSCAN and OPTICS with different cluster overlaps
Ocular inflammation : basic and clinical concepts (1999)

1. I General Aspects: Pathophysiology Immunogenetics Cytokines Immunohistology 2. II Diagnostic Tests of Positive Value in Ocular Inflammation 3. III External Ocular Inflammatory Diseases 4. IV Intraocular Inflammation 5. V Specific Entities: Acute Anterior Uveitis Associated with HLA-B27 6. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis 7. Fuch's Heterochromic Cyclitis 8. Sarcoidosis 9. Behcet's Disease 10. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) 11. Birdshot Chorioretinopathy 12. Sympathetic Ophthlamia 13. White Dot Syndrome 14. Toxoplasmosis 15. Toxocara 16. Tuberculosis Uveitis 17. Histoplasmosis
Distribution of Types I, II, III, IV and V Collagen in Normal and Keratoconus Corneas (1986)

By using type-specific antibodies to types I, II, III, IV and V collagens, distribution of distinct types of collagen in normal human cornea as well as keratoconus cornea were examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. In normal human cornea, immunohistochemical evidence supported the previous biochemical finding that type I collagen was the major type of collagen in human corneal stroma. No reaction was observed to anti-type II collagen antibody in the whole cornea. Anti-type III collagen antibody reacted with the corneal stroma in a similar fashion as that of anti-type I collagen antibody. Type IV collagen was observed in the basement membrane of the corneal epithelium and in Descemet's membrane. Anti-type V collagen antibody also reacted with the corneal stroma diffusely. Bowman's membrane was strongly stained only with he anti-type V collagen antibody. For further details of the distribution of type I, type III and V collagens in human corneal stroma, immunoelectron microscopic study was undertaken. The positive reaction products of anti-type I and anti-type III collagen antibodies were located on the collagen fibrils, while that of anti-type V collagen antibody was either on or close to collagen fibrils. In keratoconus cornea, no difference was observed in terms of the distribution of type I, III and V collagens, while the disruptive and excrescent distribution of type IV collagen was noted in the basement membrane of the corneal epithelium.
The Effect of Therapeutic Touch on Agitated Behavior and Cortisol in Persons with Alzheimer’s Disease (2002)

Agitated behavior in persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a challenge to current interventions. Recent developments in neuroendocrinology suggest that changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis alter the responses of persons with AD to stress. Given the deleterious effects of pharmacological interventions in this vulnerable population, it is essential to explore noninvasive treatments for their potential to decrease a hyperresponsiveness to stress and indirectly decrease detrimental cortisol levels. This within-subject, interrupted time-series study was conducted to test the efficacy of therapeutic touch on decreasing the frequency of agitated behavior and salivary and urine cortisol levels in persons with AD. Ten subjects who were 71 to 84 years old and resided in a special care unit were observed every 20 minutes for 10 hours a day, were monitored 24 hours a day for physical activity, and had samples for salivary and urine cortisol taken daily. The study occurred in 4 phases: 1) baseline (4 days), 2) treatment (therapeutic touch for 5 to 7 minutes 2 times a day for 3 days), 3) posttreatment (11 days), and 4) post- "wash-out" (3 days). An analysis of variance for repeated measures indicated a significant decrease in overall agitated behavior and in 2 specific behaviors, vocalization and pacing or walking, during treatment and posttreatment. A decreasing trend over time was notedfor salivary and urine cortisol. Although this study does not provide direct clinical evidence to support dysregulation in the HPA axis, it does suggest that environmental and behavioral interventions such as therapeutic touch have the potential to decrease vocalization and pacing, 2 prevalent behaviors, and may mitigate cortisol levels in persons with AD.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors - A Review (1988)

Plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs) are important modulators of the activity of plasminogen activators (PAs). Several inhibitors, all belonging to the serpin family of proteins, have been implicated in PA inhibition. In order of reaction rate constants these are PAI-1, PAI-2, protease nexin and PAI-3. This review gives an overview of the physicochemical characteristics of these inhibitors as well as a comparison of their primary structure with each other and with other members of the serpin family of proteins.
Topological Fisheye Views for Visualizing Large Graphs (2005)

Graph drawing is a basic visualization tool that works well for graphs having up to hundreds of nodes and edges. At greater scale, data density and occlusion problems often negate its effectiveness. Conventional pan-and-zoom, multiscale, and geometric fisheye views are not fully satisfactory solutions to this problem. As an alternative, we propose a topological zooming method. It precomputes a hierarchy of coarsened graphs that are combined on-the-fly into renderings, with the level of detail dependent on distance from one or more foci. A related geometric distortion method yields constant information density displays from these renderings.
First 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay for general chemistry analyzers (2014)

25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the predominant circulating form of vitamin D, is an accurate indicator of the general vitamin D status of an individual. Because vitamin D deficiencies have been linked to several pathologies (including osteoporosis and rickets), accurate monitoring of 25(OH)D levels is becoming increasingly important in clinical settings. Current 25(OH)D assays are either chromatographic or immunoassay-based assays. These assays include HPLC, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), enzyme-immunosorbent, immunochemiluminescence, immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay. All these assays use heterogeneous formats that require phase separation and special instrumentations. In this article, we present an overview of these assays and introduce the first homogeneous assay of 25(OH)D for use on general chemistry analyzers. A special emphasis is put on the unique challenges posed by the 25(OH)D analyte. These challenges include a low detection limit, the dissociation of the analyte from its serum transporter and the inactivation of various binding proteins without phase separation steps.
Electronic document authentication (1987)

Digital signature techniques such as the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) scheme can be used to establish both the authenticity of a document and the identity of its originator. However, because of the computationally-intensive nature of the RSA algorithm, most digital signature schemes make use of a checksum technique to summarize or represent the document, and then digitally sign the checksum. Message authentication codes (MACs), based on the Data Encryption Standard (DES), are often used for this purpose. It is shown that cryptographic checksums that are intended to detect fraudulent messages must be on the order of 128 bits in length, and the ANSI X9.9-1986 message authentication standard is criticized on that basis. In addition, architectural arguments are advanced to illustrate the advantages of a checksum algorithm that is not based on the use of cryptography and does not require the use of a secret key. Manipulation detection codes (MDC) are defined as a class of checksum algorithms that can detect both accidental and malicious modifications of an electronic message or document, without requiring the use of a cryptographic key.