gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Germanium<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ge</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>70</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>74</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Ge isotope heterostructures: An approach to self-diffusion studies (1995)

We demonstrate a technique to study self-diffusion in germanium, using isotope heterostructures ${(}^{70}$Ge${/}^{74}$Ge). After interdiffusing the nominally undoped layers of $^{70}\mathrm{Ge}$ and $^{74}\mathrm{Ge}$ at temperatures between 543 and 690 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, the diffusion profiles are measured with secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy. The analysis of the experimental data allows an accurate determination of the self-diffusion enthalpy and the self-diffusion entropy. The isotope heterostructures are especially well suited for self-diffusion studies because the diffusion takes place at the interfaces inside the crystal. Thus, no surface effects or limited amounts of tracers complicate the measurements. We compare our results with those obtained with the standard techniques where the tracer self-diffusion coefficients are determined based on studying the redistribution of radioactive tracers, initially deposited on the specimen surface. Utilizing the stable isotopes in our experiment avoids complications due to decay of the radioactive tracers encountered in the traditional measurements.
Parameters and mechanisms in the solvent extraction of mined athabasca oil sand (1977)

Abstract The efficiency of solvent extraction of bitumen from mined Athabasca oil sands has been studied in laboratory‐scale, batch, stirred vessels. Solvent type, solids concentration, stirrer speed and contact time have been identified as important parameters. A theoretical analysis of the extraction process provides a basis by which the various parameters are assessed in terms of relative overall mass transfer coefficients. However, because the size distribution of the oil sand aggregates is difficult to reproduce, the analysis is limited. Greater reproducibility, and similar quantitative results were obtained for the dissolution of pure bitumen from the bottom of the stirred vessels. It is shown that highly aromatic solvents such as benzene and toluene can dissolve bitumen 3–5 times faster than an essentially alpha tic solvent such as kerosene. There is evidence, however, which indicates that solvent properties other than aromaticity are also important. The data indicate that a minimum stirrer speed must be exceeded before the extraction of oil sand or pure bitumen will proceed at a reasonable rate. Above this minimum rate, the mass transfer coefficient increases linearly with stirrer speed. The solids concentration is also important since the data suggest that a higher efficiency is obtained at higher solids concentrations in the range of solid loadings studied.
Analogs of Pteroylglutamic Acid. IV. Replacement of Glutamic Acid by Other Amino Acids (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalogs of Pteroylglutamic Acid. IV. Replacement of Glutamic Acid by Other Amino AcidsWilliam B. Wright, Donna B. Cosulich, Marvin J. Fahrenbach, Coy W. Waller, James M. Smith, and Martin E. HultquistCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 9, 3014–3017Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01177a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01177a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new PowerPC microprocessor for low power computing systems (2002)

A new PowerPC microprocessor is designed for desktop companions and high end embedded multimedia applications such as high performance video games with graphics intensive operations. It features a low power consumption of 1.2 watts at 66 MHz at 3.3 volts. The processor is fabricated in a 0.5 micron, 4 level metal CMOS technology resulting in 1 M transistors in a 7.07 mm by 7.07 mm chip size. Dual 4K-byte instruction and data caches coupled to a high performance 64-bit multiplexed bus and separate execution units (branch, float, integer, and load-store units) result in a peak instruction rate of 2 instructions per clock cycle. Low power techniques are used throughout the entire design including dynamically powered down execution units.
Nanometer-scale lithography on Si surface by decomposition of ferrocene molecules using a scanning tunneling microscope (1994)

We describe lithography experiments on boron doped Si substrates using the decomposition of ferrocene molecules with a scanning tunneling microscope tip. On the basis of writing conditions we propose that field ionization of the molecules is the key to the writing process and is responsible for the nanometer definition of the pattern edge.
Mechanistic studies of lantibiotic-induced permeabilization of phospholipid vesicles (1995)

Nisin is a cationic polycyclic bacteriocin secreted by some lactic acid bacteria. Nisin has previously been shown to permeabilize liposomes. The interaction of nisin was analyzed with liposomes prepared of the zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the anionic phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Nisin induces the release of 6-carboxyfluorescein and other small anionic fluorescent dyes from PC liposomes in a delta psi-stimulated manner, and not that of neutral and cationic fluorescent dyes. This activity is blocked in PG liposomes. Nisin, however, efficiently dissipates the delta psi in cytochrome c oxidase proteoliposomes reconstituted with PG, with a threshold delta psi requirement of about -100 mV. Nisin associates with the anionic surface of PG liposomes and disturbs the lipid dynamics near the phospholipid polar head group-water interface. Further studies with a novel cationic lantibiotic, epilancin K7, indicate that this molecule penetrates into the hydrophobic carbon region of the lipid bilayer upon the imposition of a delta psi. It is concluded that nisin acts as an anion-selective carrier in the absence of anionic phospholipids. In vivo, however, this activity is likely to be prevented by electrostatic interactions with anionic lipids of the target membrane. It is suggested that pore formation by cationic (type A) lantibiotics involves the local perturbation of the bilayer structure and a delta psi-dependent reorientation of these molecules from a surface-bound into a membrane-inserted configuration.
Ourselves Alone?: Clár na mBan Conference Report (1995)

This article is a review of a report of a republican feminist conference, published by its organizers, Clár na mBan. The conference took place in Belfast in March 1994. The article supports the conference's criticisms of the ‘peace process’ as exclusive and undemocratic. It also takes issue with a number of republican and nationalist assumptions about historical and contemporary Ireland.
Efficient Recovery of Potassium Chloride from Liquid Effluent Generated during Preparation of Schoenite from Kainite Mixed Salt and Its Reuse in Production of Potassium Sulfate (2006)

Although bittern of oceanic origin can be utilized for the production of K2SO4 via kainite (KCl·MgSO4·2.75H2O) and schoenite (K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O) double salts, certain limitations are encountered in practice. These include (i) difficulties in obtaining pure schoenite from crude kainite and (ii) the requirement of KCl in the K2SO4 forming process. When schoenite is prepared from kainite through a simple reaction-cum-leaching process and the liquid effluent is desulfated with CaCl2 as part of a scheme to coproduce magnesia (Ghosh et al. U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0220698 A1, 2005 (Notice of Allowance); International Patent Publication No. WO 2005/063626 A1, July 14, 2005), the composition of the resultant effluent is found to be ideally positioned in the phase diagram for direct recovery of sylvinite (NaCl/KCl). The intermediate steps of carnallite crystallization and decomposition, encountered during sylvinite preparation from Dead Sea brine and desulfated oceanic bittern, are avoided as a result. In this manner, 70−80% of the KCl in the effluent can be recovered, which largely fulfils the requirement for K2SO4 preparation. The amount of water that must be evaporated is 6.5−7.5 kg per kg of KCl in the form of sylvinite.
Distinct Expression Patterns of Human microRNAs in Myeloid Differentiation and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. (2006)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in differentiation, regulation of cell growth, cell death and potentially cancer pathogenesis. In the current study, we profiled expression of 154 human miRNAs by using a stem-loop reverse transcription and real-time PCR approach in 50 patients with AML and 12 control samples (normal bone marrow (NBM) samples and CD34+ cells). All of these samples were simultaneously analysed by whole genome mRNA microarrays. Out of all miRNAs tested, more than 30 were analyzed in a second, independent group of 48 AML samples and 4 controls. Five miRNAs showed differentiation associated expression changes which were confirmed by in-vitro differentiation of HL-60 cells with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Overall, we found six miRNAs, including the miR-221 and 222 cluster, that showed substantially different expression between AML and CD34+ cells/ NBM. In class prediction analyses using support vector machines, 92% of the AML samples and 100% of the control samples were correctly predicted. We also looked for differentially regulated miRNAs in FAB subtypes and identified several miRNAs with significantly different expression. For example, high expression levels of miR-26a, 23a and 27b occurred in FAB M5. mRNA levels were analyzed with regard to differences in miRNA expression. Significant negative correlations with specific mRNAs were observed for several miRNAs, for example miR-23b. When mRNA expression patterns were analyzed for dichotomized miRNA levels, close associations between specific miRNAs and gene expression clusters were observed. For example, miR-10a levels were closely associated with the expression of hox genes. Taken together, the distinct expression patterns of miRNAs observed in AML strongly suggest involvement of the described miRNAs in both hematopoietic differentiation and pathogenesis of AML.
Patch-Based Forest Change Detection from Landsat Time Series (2017)

In the species-rich and structurally complex forests of the Eastern United States, disturbance events are often partial and therefore difficult to detect using remote sensing methods. Here we present a set of new algorithms, collectively called Vegetation Regeneration and Disturbance Estimates through Time (VeRDET), which employ a novel patch-based approach to detect periods of vegetation disturbance, stability, and growth from the historical Landsat image records. VeRDET generates a yearly clear-sky composite from satellite imagery, calculates a spectral vegetation index for each pixel in that composite, spatially segments the vegetation index image into patches, temporally divides the time series into differently sloped segments, and then labels those segments as disturbed, stable, or regenerating. Segmentation at both the spatial and temporal steps are performed using total variation regularization, an algorithm originally designed for signal denoising. This study explores VeRDET’s effectiveness in detecting forest change using four vegetation indices and two parameters controlling the spatial and temporal scales of segmentation within a calibration region. We then evaluate algorithm effectiveness within a 386,000 km2 area in the Eastern United States where VeRDET has overall error of 23% and omission error across disturbances ranging from 22% to 78% depending on agent.
A smartwatch-based medication adherence system (2015)

Poor adherence to prescription medication can compromise treatment effectiveness and cost the billions of dollars in unnecessary health care expenses. Though various interventions have been proposed for estimating adherence rates, few have been shown to be effective. Digital systems are capable of estimating adherence without extensive user involvement and can potentially provide higher accuracy with lower user burden than manual methods. In this paper, we propose a smartwatch-based system for detecting adherence to prescription medication based the identification of several motions using the built-in tri-axial accelerometers and gyroscopes. The efficacy of the proposed technique is confirmed through a survey of medication ingestion habits and experimental results on movement classification.
AGING AND SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENTS DURING COGNITIVE ACTIVITY (2017)

Gaze aversion (GA) is a phenomenon in which people turn their gaze away from the faces of other people or from other visual stimuli in order to concentrate on a train of thought. Previous studies have shown that these GA behaviors are associated with cognitive activity, and such behavior may be developed in early stages of life so that it can be utilized as a cognitive strategy. In this study, eye movement was measured in real time during the cognitive task using an eye tracker to objectively evaluate the GA phenomenon. Thirty six younger adults and 36 older adults performed verbal fluency and mental calculation tasks under two conditions: fixing their gaze to the center of the screen or gazing freely according to the gaze condition (gaze fix vs gaze free condition). We found that GA behaviors (the number of saccade and fixation per second) occurred during cognitive activities and the GA phenomenon was observed more frequently in the fluency task than in the mental calculation task. Moreover, GA increased as the difficulty level of mental calculation task increased and this aspect was more pronounced among young adults. Regarding the direction of saccade, vertical movement was observed remarkably in the young, while horizontal movement was observed in the elderly. It is suggested that the decreased GA behavior in elderly is related to aging and further research on whether they reflect pathological aging and function deterioration is needed.
Aggregation and Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers in Aqueous Dispersions of Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

The self-assembly (SA) of amphiphilic block copolymers (poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)) was investigated in dispersions of single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SWNT and MWNT, respectively) as a function of temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for characterization of the thermal behavior of the combined polymers-nanostructures system, and spin-probe electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was employed for probing the local dynamic and polarity of the polymer chains in the presence of nanostructures. It was found that SWNT and MWNT modify the temperature, enthalpy, and dynamic behavior of polymer SA. In particular, SWNT were found to increase the cooperativity of aggregating chains and dominate aggregate dynamics. MWNT reduced the cooperativity, while colloidal carbon black additives, studied for comparison, did not show similar effects. The experimental observations are consistent with the suggestion that dimensional matching between the characteristic radius of the solvated polymer chains and the dimensions of additives dominate polymer SA in the hybrid system.
Effects of carbon dioxide and pH on myocardial blood‐flow and metabolism in the dog (1985)

The relative importance of pCO2 versus pH in regulating myocardial blood-flow (MBF) is not settled. Therefore, the influence of hypocapnia, hypercapnia and sodium carbonate infusion, on MBF and myocardial metabolism, has been investigated in 10 closed-chest pentobarbital anaesthetized dogs. The animals were hyperventilated, and CO2 was added to the inspiratory gas to induce normocapnia and hypercapnia. A mass spectrograph continuously measured the ventilatory gas components, and MBF was measured by the hydrogen desaturation technique with a catheter positioned in the coronary sinus. During the experiments, there were no significant alterations in heart rate, mean aortic blood-pressure, myocardial oxygen consumption or uptake of glucose and free fatty acids. During hypocapnia MBF was insignificantly reduced, while myocardial oxygen extraction increased significantly. During hypercapnia, however, MBF increased more than 40%. This increase in MBF was abolished following an infusion of sodium carbonate. Thus, in the present study, increased MBF, observed during hypercapnia, was due to the reduction in pH and not to the increase in pCO2.
Notes on the Spring Migration (1907) at Ann Arbor, Michigan (1908)

From the last week in April to June 6, 1907, the writer made almost daily observations on the bird life in the vicinity of Ann Arbor, Michigan.Beginning at 4 a.M., from four to six hours per day were spent in the field, listing all of the species seen and collecting the rarer and doubtful specimens.Unusually low temperatures in May attended by continued snow and ice to the north, apparently prevented large numbers of the migrant warblers from leaving this vicinity until the last of May and the first of June, giving us the latest records on our migration lists, and furnishing rare opportunities for observation and study of these and other species.
Unbiased Screening of Marine Sponge Extracts for Anti-inflammatory Agents Combined with Chemical Genomics Identifies Girolline as an Inhibitor of Protein Synthesis (2013)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in innate immunity, but activation of TLR signaling pathways is also associated with many harmful inflammatory diseases. Identification of novel anti-inflammatory molecules targeting TLR signaling pathways is central to the development of new treatment approaches for acute and chronic inflammation. We performed high-throughput screening from crude marine sponge extracts on TLR5 signaling and identified girolline. We demonstrated that girolline inhibits signaling through both MyD88-dependent and -independent TLRs (i.e., TLR2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) and reduces cytokine (IL-6 and IL-8) production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages. Using a chemical genomics approach, we identified Elongation Factor 2 as the molecular target of girolline, which inhibits protein synthesis at the elongation step. Together these data identify the sponge natural product girolline as a potential anti-inflammatory agent acting through inhibition of protein synthesis.
Stimulatory Effects of Monoacetyldiglycerides on Hematopoiesis (2004)

Monoacetyldiglycerides purified from deer antler, and identical synthetic compounds, have been shown to stimulate hematopoiesis. In the present study, we synthesized eight monoacetyldiglycerides, one of which, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (3), was structurally identical to one of the naturally occurring monoacetyldiglycerides and showed the most potent stimulation of hematopoiesis by colony forming unit in culture (CFUc) assay, having a stimulation index (SI) of 1.54+/-0.23 at a concentration of 1.0 microg/ml. Moreover, 1.0 microg/ml 3 showed potent growth-stimulation activities on megakaryocyte culture, long term culture of Lin(-)Sca-1(+) cells with irradiated MS-5 stromal cells (SI, 1.69+/-0.16), and on the number of cobblestone colonies (SI, 10.4+/-0.25). In a murine model, 3, at concentrations of 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg/d, i.p. and p.o., effectively stimulated hematopoiesis in vivo 7 d after syngenic bone marrow transplantation of irradiated C57BL/6 mice, when assayed by the colony forming units in spleen (CFUs) assay. These data suggest that monoacetyldiglycerides may have significant clinical potential for the acceleration of hematopoiesis.
Thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy. Effect of serum factor on nerve cultures (1984)

Sensory neuropathies developed in three of four patients with prurigo nodularis who had been treated with thalidomide. The serum samples of the patients who had neuropathy produced morphologic changes in cultured dorsal root ganglion cells. These observed changes support the postulate that thalidomide induces primary neuronal degeneration.
HIV, Syphilis Infection, and Risky Sexual Behaviors among Male University Students Who Have Sex with Men in Beijing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study (2012)

Young male university students who have sex with men are at high risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the prevalence of risky sexual behaviors, HIV, and syphilis among male university students who have sex with men in Beijing, China; and to identify risk factors for unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). Among 157 study participants, HIV and syphilis prevalence were 2.5% and 7.0%, respectively. We found a high prevalence of UAI in our study population. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed two significant predictors of UAI: believing it is not necessary to use a condom with a regular sex partner and not feeling anxious about being gay. Not using a condom during first sexual experience with a man was a marginally significant predictor of UAI. Male university students who have sex with men are especially vulnerable to HIV and STIs. Intensified education and HIV testing programs are needed to reduce risk in this population.
Delay of Natural Bone Loss by Higher Intakes of Specific Minerals and Vitamins (2001)

For early prevention or inhibition of postmenopausal and age-related bone loss, nutritional interventions might be a first choice. For some vitamins and minerals an important role in bone metabolism is known or suggested. Calcium and vitamin D support bone mineral density and are basic components in most preventive strategies. Magnesium is involved in a number of activities supporting bone strength, preservation, and remodeling. Fluorine and strontium have bone-forming effects. However, high amounts of both elements may reduce bone strength. Boron is especially effective in case of vitamin D, magnesium, and potassium deficiency. Vitamin K is essential for the activation of osteocalcin. Vitamin C is an important stimulus for osteoblast-derived proteins. Increasing the recommended amounts (US RDA 1989), adequate intakes (US DRI 1997), or assumed normal intakes of mentioned food components may lead to a considerable reduction or even prevention of bone loss, especially in late postmenopausal women and the elderly.