gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demand request dispatch approach for electric distribution systems (2013)

Modern electricity supply and distribution systems are evolving to integrate communications technologies and intelligent devices into what is broadly known as a Smart Grid. One area of Smart Grid development is the encouragement of a Smart Home where local electricity generation, storage, intelligent thermostats and electric vehicles can interact with home owners and the Smart Grid. This paper describes a practical Demand Request Dispatch (DRD) approach to utility market definition and communication interoperability. The approach proposes that intelligent devices within a Smart Home request electricity from the utility prior to consuming it from the electrical grid. A supply and demand bidding model supports the establishment of pricing. The electricity Utility is provided with the flexibility to grant, deny or schedule requested load profiles from intelligent Smart Home devices.
Picosecond pulse amplification using pulse compression techniques (1986)

In the laser field, scientists working in amplification of picosecond and femtosecond pulses have been confronted with an issue similar to the one faced by scientists in the radar field 30 years ago. Because of peak power limitations, short pulses could not be amplified efficiently. In the radar field this problem was circumvented by chirping and stretching the input pulse before amplification.1-5 The amplification being done at a much lower peak power, more efficient extraction could be done. After amplification the pulse was compressed to a value c* 1/AF, where AF is the total frequency chirp.
<title>Hardware architecture for rapid generation of electro-holographic fringe patterns</title> (1995)

This report describe the hardware architecture and software implementation of a hologram computing system developed at the MIT Media Laboratory. The hologram computing employs specialized stream-processing hardware embedded in the Cheops Image Processing system--a compact, block data-flow parallel processor. A superposition stream processor performs weighted summations of arbitrary 1D basis functions. A two-step holographic computation method--called Hogel-Vector encoding--utilizes the stream processor's computational power. An array of encoded hogel vectors, generated from a 3D scene description, is rapidly decoded using the processor. The resulting 36-megabyte holographic pattern is transferred to frame- buffers and then fed to a real-time electro-holographic display, producing 3D holographic images. System performance is sufficient to generate an image volume approximately 100 mm per side in 3 seconds. The architecture is scalable over a limited range in both display size and computational power. The limitations on system scalability will be identified and solutions proposed.
Finding of a novel fungal immunomodulatory protein coding sequence in Ganoderma australe (2014)

Among the most common human diseases with immune system compromise are autoimmune diseases, cancer, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Many of these diseases still have no treatment or their therapies have undesirable side effects. This has aroused a great interest in the search for new natural products with therapeutic potential and scientifically proven effects, showing minimal side effects. Formal clinical and pharmacological investigation in various medicinal fungi of the genus Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae) has shown immunomodulatory effects and tumor growth inhibition in mammals, attributable to the presence of immunomodulatory proteins and other secondary metabolites. To date, six fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) have been reported in Ganoderma. This paper seeks to advance in the discovery of immunomodulatory proteins present in Ganoderma australe, through mycelium transcriptome 454 Roche® pyrosequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analyses. The results suggest the presence of gene sequences related to an immunomodulatory protein which has been reported in another fungal species Taiwanofungus camphoratus. The candidate gene sequences found in G. australe exhibit high identity values in their amino acid composition and predicted protein secondary structure with the protein reported for Tai. camphoratus. According to present knowledge about the action mechanisms of these proteins, it is possible to suggest that this is a promising molecule for the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with certain immune deficiencies, cancer, and other diseases with compromised immune systems. Future studies are proposed in order to determine its immunomodulatory potential using in vitro and in vivo assays.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-α-<i>p</i>-Methoxyphenyl- acetophenone (Compound D-58) (2000)

<i>Background:</i> Active oxygen radicals as well as a variety of cytosolic protein tyrosine kinases play a role in the regulation of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>), a key inflammatory mediator, released by skin cells in response to irradiation with ultraviolet B light (UVB). Identification of chemical compounds that can interrupt such events may provide a basis for the development of potent anti-inflammatory agents. <i>Objective:</i> To investigate the effect of a novel genistein analog, 2,4,6-trihydroxy-α-<i>p</i>-methoxyphenylacetophenone, with antioxidant property (compound D-58), on UVB-induced inflammatory responses. <i>Methods:</i> Epidermal cell cultures were irradiated with UVB both in the presence and absence of compound D-58 and the PGE<sub>2</sub> released in the medium was determined by ELISA. For in vivo studies, skin inflammation was induced in mice either by carrageenan challenge of the air pouch or by an acute exposure of skin to UVB radiation. The resulting inflammatory mediator release, skin edema and the histological changes of the skin were determined both in the presence and absence of compound D-58. <i>Results:</i> Compound D-58 treatment effectively inhibited the development of edema and histological changes in the skin of UVB-irradiated mice as well as the release of PGE<sub>2</sub> in vitro as well as in vivo. <i>Conclusion:</i> Compound D-58 (2,4,6-trihydroxy-α-<i>p</i>-methoxyphenylacetophenone) has potent anti-inflammatory properties.
Effects of antibiotics on cellular viability in porcine heart valve tissue (1989)

The purpose of this study was to find an antibiotic disinfecting solution for cardiovascular tissues which would allow maximal cellular viability while maintaining antibacterial and antifungal activity. Cellular viability of porcine heat valves sterilised using antibiotics was assessed by radiolabelled proline transport assays. The results show that storage of valve tissues in RPMI 1640 tissue culture medium (4 degrees C) alone decreases the cellular viability by 50%, 60% and 90% within 12, 24, and 72 h, respectively. Amphotericin B was shown to be the toxic component of the antibiotic sterilising solution recommended by Strickett and coworkers, accounting for all the observed antibiotic toxicity. It reduced the cellular viability by 100% within 12 h of storage at 4 degrees C. Our study also showed that streptomycin is responsible for the loss of cellular viability in the antibiotic medium utilised by O'Brien's group. The results show that after storage of valve tissues for 12 h in O'Brien's antibiotic solution, the cellular viability was reduced by 60%, and after 24 h by 90%. Cefoxitin, lincomycin, polymyxin B, vancomycin and penicillin had no apparent effects on viability of cells in the cardiovascular tissues utilised in this study. In conclusion, heart valve tissue may be sterilised effectively using selective antibiotics without causing significant damage to cellular viability.
Membrane Fusion Promoted by Increasing Surface Densities of the Paramyxovirus F and HN Proteins: Comparison of Fusion Reactions Mediated by Simian Virus 5 F, Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 F, and Influenza Virus HA (1998)

The membrane fusion reaction promoted by the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) fusion (F) proteins and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins was characterized when the surface densities of F and HN were varied. Using a quantitative content mixing assay, it was found that the extent of SV5 F-mediated fusion was dependent on the surface density of the SV5 F protein but independent of the density of SV5 HN protein, indicating that HN serves only a binding function in the reaction. However, the extent of HPIV-3 F protein promoted fusion reaction was found to be dependent on surface density of HPIV-3 HN protein, suggesting that the HPIV-3 HN protein is a direct participant in the fusion reaction. Analysis of the kinetics of lipid mixing demonstrated that both initial rates and final extents of fusion increased with rising SV5 F protein surface densities, suggesting that multiple fusion pores can be active during SV5 F protein-promoted membrane fusion. Initial rates and extent of lipid mixing were also found to increase with increasing influenza virus hemagglutinin protein surface density, suggesting parallels between the mechanism of fusion promoted by these two viral fusion proteins.
Synthesis of functionalized polypropylene (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSynthesis of functionalized polypropyleneT. C. Chung and D. RhubrightCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 4, 970–972Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00004a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00004a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views985Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Joint angle and delay estimation (JADE) for signals in multipath environments (2002)

We propose a subspace-based approach to estimate the angles-of-arrival (AOAs) and delays of multipath signals from one or more digitally modulated sources arriving at an antenna array. Our approach uses a collection of estimates of a consistent space-time vector channel. The channel estimates from different time slots in TDMA systems have constant path AOA and delay over the observed periods, but variable fade amplitudes between the slots. With this approach, we are able to estimate more parameters than the number of antennas. The Cramer-Rao bound for the parameter estimates is also provided.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Bone Metastatic Tumors (2011)

Despite significant improvements in therapy, the prognosis for cancer with bone metastasis is generally poor. Therefore, there is a great need for new therapeutic approaches for metastatic disease. It has been appreciated that tumor cells metastasize to bone using mechanisms similar to those of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) homing to bone marrow (e.g., CXCL12/CXCR4). It was recently found that prostate cancer cells target the bone marrow microenvironment for HSCs, or the HSC niche, during metastasis. Of importance, these disseminated prostate cancer cells can be mobilized out of the niche with the use of HSC mobilizing agents. These findings suggest that the bone marrow HSC niche is a potential therapeutic target for metastatic disease. Therefore, a hypothesis worth considering is that agents that can disrupt the interactions between tumor cells and the HSC niche may be efficacious when used in conjunction with standard chemotherapeutic agents. Although further understanding of the tumor-niche interactions is needed, the concept of targeting the niche in conjunction with chemotherapy could open up new possibilities to eradicate incurable metastatic diseases.
Metabolism of Glucose by Sertoli Cells in Culture (1981)

Overall rates of glucose utilization at physiological concentrations (5.5 mM) by primary cultures of rat Sertoli cells have been estimated to be 445 nmol/mg cell protein/h when determined by rates of incorporation of 5-[3H]-glucose into [3H]-H20, and 486 nmol/mg protein/h when determined by rates of incorporation of U-[14C]-glucose into labeled products (CO2, anions, lipids, and glycogen). Of total U-[14C]-glucose utilized, 2.9% was converted to [14C]-CO2; 95.8% was converted to [14C]-anions, most of which could be accounted for as lactate; and the remainder was incorporated into lipids and glycogen. About half the [14C]-CO2 formed from labeled glucose was calculated to be derived from oxidation via the pentose phosphate pathway. In the presence of the artificial electron acceptor phenazine methosulfate, the rate of conversion of 1-[l4C]-glucose to [14C]-CO2 was increased over 10-fold, whereas the incorporation of 6-[14C]-glucose into [14C]-CO2 was not changed. Under these conditions, over 33% of total glucose utilized by Sertoli cells could be accounted for by the pentose phosphate pathway. However, this potential was not utilized in the absence of the artificial electron acceptor. Neither the overall rates of glucose utilization nor the metabolic fate of glucose was appreciably influenced by treatment of cells with follicle stimulating hormone, insulin, or dibutyryl cyclic AMP under any conditions investigated. The possible physiological importance of the high rate of lactate production by Sertoli cells was considered in relation to the role of lactate as a substrate for germinal cells in the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubule.
Processing of Polyamides in the Presence of Water via Hydrophobic Hydration and Ionic Interactions (2012)

In synthetic as well as natural polyamides, hydrogen bonding and conformations of amide motifs are strongly influenced by the presence of ions and their concentration, water molecules, and their structure, as well as the pH of the solution. This concept combined with solubility of synthetic aliphatic polyamides, in particular nylons, in water at elevated temperature and corresponding vapor pressure is evaluated as a new reversible shielding route in the processing of these polymers. So far, reversible shielding has not been feasible due to a lack in controlling desired activation and deactivation of hydrogen bonding at the judicious moments. Here we show that in the presence of large halogen anions, crystallization from the random coil state is suppressed by hydrophobic hydration, where the amorphous state of the fast crystallizing nylons can be maintained even at 20 °C. Small hydrating lithium cations are favored since they strengthen the hydrophobic nature of the anions. Complete deshielding of hydrogen bonding, after processing, is facilitated by simple migration of ions in water that allows recovery of the desired conformation and structure.
Expression of anti‐apoptosis genes alters lactate metabolism of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells in culture (2009)

In an effort to develop robust Chinese Hamster Ovary host cell lines, a variety of anti-apoptotic genes were over-expressed, either singly or in combination, followed by screening of transfectants for improved cell growth, extended longevity, reduced caspase 3/7 activity, and enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Two particular cell lines, one containing two anti-apoptotic genes, E1B-19K and Aven (EA167), and another containing three, E1B-19K, Aven, and a mutant of XIAP (EAX197), exhibited a reduction in caspase 3 activity of at least 60% and a 170% enhancement in mitochondrial membrane potential compared to controls when treated with staurosporine. In batch cell growth experiments, the peak viable cell densities and viabilities were higher resulting in a 186% increase in integrated viable cell densities. Analyses of metabolite utilization and formation of waste products indicated that the apoptotic resistant cell lines depleted all the lactate when grown in commercially available CD-CHO medium while significant levels (>1.8 g/L) accumulated in the host cell lines. When the lactate level was replenished daily in the apoptotic resistant cell lines, the cell lines consumed lactate and the culture longevity was extended up to four additional days compared to control cell lines. Furthermore, the anti-apoptosis cell lines also accumulated lower levels of ammonia. The ability of the apoptotic resistant cell lines to consume lactate was exploited by cultivating them in a "high" glucose medium containing 15 g/L (60 mM glucose) in which apoptotic resistant cell lines exhibited lower maximum lactate (1.8 g/L) compared to control cell lines which accumulated concentrations of lactate (2.2 g/L) that appeared to be deleterious for growth. The shaker flask titer of a therapeutic antibody product expressed in an apoptotic resistant cell line in "high" glucose medium reached 690 mg/L compared to 390 mg/L for a cell line derived from a control host cell line. These results represent to our knowledge the first example in the literature in which manipulation of the apoptosis pathway has altered the nutrient consumption profile of mammalian cells in culture; findings that underscore the interdependence of the apoptotic cellular machinery and metabolism and provide greater flexibility to mammalian bioreactor process development.
CLASSIFICATION OF TOYS (1984)

SUMMARY. This article describes and evaluates a flexible system for cataloguing toys in a community based toy library for children with mental handicaps. The toys are allocated into eight major categories according to psychological function.
Effects of pyrophosphate and nucleotide analogs suggest a role for ATP hydrolysis in cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator channel gating. (1994)

Single channel analysis of artificial lipid planar bilayers reconstituted with wild-type human cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) revealed a 10.3 pS Cl- selective channel that was activated upon phosphorylation with protein kinase A. Gating of this channel was described by a simple kinetic model consisting of a single open burst state and two closed states. The open probability of CFTR channels in bilayers increased as a function of increasing Mg-ATP concentration and exhibited negative cooperativity, suggesting the interaction of two or more ATP binding sites in channel gating. Mg-ATP increased channel open probability by decreasing the duration of the long-lived closed state but had no effect on either the mean open time or the fast closed state. ADP inhibited channel opening by precisely antagonizing the effect of ATP, suggesting that ADP inhibits the CFTR channel by competing with ATP for binding. Poorly hydrolyzable ATP analogs such as AMP-PNP and ATP gamma S, polyphosphates such as pyrophosphate (PPi) and tripolyphosphate (PPPi), and orthovanadate failed to support channel activity alone. When applied in the presence of ATP, these compounds all caused the CFTR channel to "lock" into a prolonged open burst state. These data support a model in which hydrolysis of ATP leads to closure of channels that have been opened by ATP.
A new chiral ferrocenylphosphine ligand with C 2 symmetry: prepration and use for palladium-catalysed asymmetric cross-coupling (1989)

A new chiral ferrocenylphosphine ligand, which has C2-symmetric structure and a functional group on the side chain, was prepared by ortho-lithiation and phosphination of 1,1′-bis[1-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]ferrocene followed by optical resolution of the ditartrate salts and was found to be effective for palladium-catalysed asymmetric cross-coupling of 1-phenylethylzinc chloride with vinyl bromide giving 3-phenylbut-1-ene of over 90% e.e.
Axial Distribution of Gallium in Silicon Crystals for Photovoltaic Applications (2007)

The lifetime degradation induced by light illumination or carrier injection observed in Czochralski-grown silicon leads to a significant decrease in solar cell efficiency. The reduction in the extent of this effect has a high potential for the improvement of Czochralski-grown silicon solar cells. An approach to the substitution of boron with gallium in p-type Czochralski-grown silicon crystal has been pursued in a recent study. Since a reduced extent of light-induced degradation of minority carrier lifetime was observed, this approach seems to be very promising. The only disadvantage is the low segregation coefficient of gallium in silicon, resulting in a high resistivity variation over the crystal length compared with that in the case of boron doping. We propose a simple codoping (e.g., gallium and bismuth) method for controlling resistivity variation. Numerical simulations have been performed to study the transport phenomena of dopants in conventional and proposed silicon growth processes using the finite-element method and implicit Euler time integration. It has been demonstrated using mathematical models and numerical analysis that the axial distribution of effective gallium concentration can be modified in Czochralski-grown silicon for photovoltaic applications and made relatively uniform by the proposed doping method.
Datacommunication With Low Cost Plastic Fiber Optic Components (1987)

Cost has been the barrier to using fiber optic links in low datarate, short haul applications of less than 5 Mbaud and up to 150 meters. New fiber optic links using plastic (acrylic) fiber, however provide a cost effective alternative to coaxial cable and twisted wire pairs in such applications. The large core fibers with a diameter of 1 mm do not require the tight alignment tolerances needed in glass- or plastic clad silica fibers for reasonable light coupling at the source and detector interfaces. Looser alignment tolerances also let manufacturers package transmitters and receivers in plastic housings, thus lowering component costs.
Comparative study on the customization of natural language interfaces to databases (2016)

In the last decades the popularity of natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDBs) has increased, because in many cases information obtained from them is used for making important business decisions. Unfortunately, the complexity of their customization by database administrators make them difficult to use. In order for a NLIDB to obtain a high percentage of correctly translated queries, it is necessary that it is correctly customized for the database to be queried. In most cases the performance reported in NLIDB literature is the highest possible; i.e., the performance obtained when the interfaces were customized by the implementers. However, for end users it is more important the performance that the interface can yield when the NLIDB is customized by someone different from the implementers. Unfortunately, there exist very few articles that report NLIDB performance when the NLIDBs are not customized by the implementers. This article presents a semantically-enriched data dictionary (which permits solving many of the problems that occur when translating from natural language to SQL) and an experiment in which two groups of undergraduate students customized our NLIDB and English language frontend (ELF), considered one of the best available commercial NLIDBs. The experimental results show that, when customized by the first group, our NLIDB obtained a 44.69 % of correctly answered queries and ELF 11.83 % for the ATIS database, and when customized by the second group, our NLIDB attained 77.05 % and ELF 13.48 %. The performance attained by our NLIDB, when customized by ourselves was 90 %.