gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescent thermometry for aerodynamic measurements (1994)

A luminescent temperature sensitive paint containing the molecule rhodamine B base in a silicone polymer paint has been developed that utilizes video imaging detection to produce temperature maps of an entire surface from luminescence intensity measurements. The luminescent thermometry system has been calibrated in the laboratory to have an intensity loss of 2.30% per °C, in the range of 10 to 46 °C, with a root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) of 0.26 °C. To evaluate the technique, transient temperature field measurements have been made on a copper plate with a heater at one end. In spite of a loss in sensitivity of the paint due to aging effects that reduced sensitivity to 1.39% intensity loss per °C, the calculated RMSPE was 0.25 °C and the time series of temperature profiles predicted from luminescence agree with those predicted by a numerical solution to the heat flow equation. Data was also collected from the surface of an airfoil in a wind tunnel experiment. In spite of systematic temperature differences between the thermocouples used for calibration and the paint, RMSPE’s of less than 1 °C were obtained.
Laser-diode-pumped Cr:LiSrGaF/sub 6/ laser (1992)

Diode-pumped operation of a Cr:LiSrGaF/sub 6/ laser is described. Efficient performance was obtained between 810 and 855 nm. The maximum output power was 130 mW at 810 nm, and the slope efficiency was 26%. The sample was pumped with a total incident power of 560 mW using two polarization-combined high-power visible laser diodes. These results represent the CW power reported for a diode-pumped Cr-doped laser.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma (1993)

We analyzed 23 cases of T-cell-rich B-cell lymphomas (BCL) to determine if the clinical features are characteristic of a discrete entity. Cases encoded as T-cell-rich BCL in the hematopathology archives of the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1988 and 1991 formed the basis of this study. At least 50% of the total population of cells were required to be of T-cell phenotype. Actually, all but one patient had more than 70% T cells in the total population. Sixty-five percent of all cases were referred with other diagnosis such as Hodgkin's mixed cellularity, peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), or diffuse mixed lymphoma, and had received therapy accordingly. With the exception of splenomegaly, which occurred in 35% of cases, the other clinical characteristics and the response to therapy did not indicate that this entity represents a distinct type of lymphoma. Ann Arbor stage I-II presentations were seen in 10 of 23 (43%) T-cell-rich BCLs. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was elevated in eight of 19 patients. Age, sex, and beta 2-microglobulin were not significantly different from classical B-cell large cell lymphoma. The clinical presentation and clinical outcome of T-cell-rich BCL did not differ from that of common B-cell large cell lymphoma, except for the higher proportion of splenomegaly seen in patients with T-cell-rich BCL. The presence of the T-cell-rich infiltrate varied: it frequently was not seen at relapse or at other sites of disease at presentation. It was thus considered an unstable parameter. The major importance of identifying this entity is to distinguish it pathologically from other disorders such as Hodgkin's disease and PTCL, which would be treated in a different manner.
iCAN: Instance-Centric Attention Network for Human-Object Interaction Detection. (2018)

Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in detecting and recognizing individual object instances. To understand the situation in a scene, however, computers need to recognize how humans interact with surrounding objects. In this paper, we tackle the challenging task of detecting human-object interactions (HOI). Our core idea is that the appearance of a person or an object instance contains informative cues on which relevant parts of an image to attend to for facilitating interaction prediction. To exploit these cues, we propose an instance-centric attention module that learns to dynamically highlight regions in an image conditioned on the appearance of each instance. Such an attention-based network allows us to selectively aggregate features relevant for recognizing HOIs. We validate the efficacy of the proposed network on the Verb in COCO and HICO-DET datasets and show that our approach compares favorably with the state-of-the-arts.
A generic method to synthesise graphitic carbon coated nanoparticles in large scale and their derivative polymer nanocomposites (2017)

A versatile Rotary Chemical Vapour Deposition (RCVD) technique for the in-situ synthesis of large scale carbon-coated non-magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is presented, and a controllable coating thickness varying between 1-5 nm has been achieved. The technique has significantly up-scaled the traditional chemical vapour deposition (CVD) production for NPs from mg level to 10 s of grams per batch, with the potential for continuous manufacturing. The resulting smooth and uniform C-coatings sheathing the inner core metal oxide NPs are made of well-crystallised graphitic layers, as confirmed by electron microscopy imaging, electron dispersive spectrum elemental line scan, X-ray powder diffractions and Raman spectroscopy. Using nylon 12 as an example matrix, we further demonstrate that the inclusion of C-coated composite NPs into the matrix improves the thermal conductivity, from 0.205 W∙m<sup>-1</sup>∙K<sup>-1</sup> for neat nylon 12 to 0.305 W∙m<sup>-1</sup>∙K<sup>-1</sup> for a 4 wt% C-coated ZnO composite, in addition to a 27% improvement in tensile strength at 2 wt% addition.
Rule Modeling and Interchange (2007)

This paper is a brief survey on the topic of rule modeling and rule interoperability. A framework focusing on the first two levels of the MDA (that is, on business/domain models and on logical design models) is described. Rules are modeled either in natural language (ACE) or by means of a visual language (VRML). The interoperability layer is performed by R2ML an XML markup for rules. OMG has defined a markup language for UML models but this language does not markup embedded integrity constraints expressed in OCL. VRML is designed to cover this lack of representation. R2ML follows principles initiated in RuleML but, despite RuleML, it performs the on- tological distinction between objects and data values. Also, by its rich syntax, it allows structure-preserving markup and does not force users to translate their rule expressions into a different language paradigm such as having to transform a derivation rule into a FOL axiom, an EC A rule into a production rule, a function into a predicate, or a typed atom into an untyped atom.
Design methodologies for tolerating cell and interconnect faults in FPGAs (2002)

Significant increases in chip yield can result if faulty logic cells and wiring in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can be isolated from the remainder of the circuitry to retain a completely usable chip. Utilizing the principle of node-covering, a routing discipline has been developed that allows each logic cell in an FPGA to cover-to be able to replace-its neighbor in a row. An FPGA is factory-reconfigured such that a faulty cell is replaced by its cover, which in turn is replaced by its own cover, and so on until a spare cell in the row is reached. Since wiring channel area is a major portion of chip area in an FPGA, new techniques are also proposed for tolerating wiring faults. As with faulty logic cells, faulty wiring portions are replaced by adjacent ones, until eventually a spare wiring portion is reached. Compared to other techniques for fault tolerance in FPGAs, these methods are shown to provide significantly greater yield improvement.
Power modeling and estimation during ADL-driven embedded processor design (2013)

Rising concern for thermal stress and tight energy constraints have forced designers to consider power as a design criterion from early design phase. Despite many advances in high-level power estimation techniques, there is a lack of generic power estimation capabilities in prominent high-level design flows. In this paper we propose power modeling and estimation techniques during Architecture Description Language (ADL)-based high-level embedded processor design. The first technique is based on accurate switching activity extraction from cycle-accurate instruction-set simulation. The second technique is developed through unit-level power modeling for ADL architecture construct. Multivariate linear regression is used to characterize the unit power model. Experiments are performed on a RISC processor using state-of-the-art high-level processor design flow to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed techniques.
Understanding Soil Microbes and Nutrient Recycling (2010)

Soil Microbes and Nutrient Recycling Soil microorganisms exist in large numbers in the soil as long as there is a carbon source for energy. A large number of bacteria in the soil exists, but because of their small size, they have a smaller biomass. Actinomycetes are a factor of 10 times smaller in number but are larger in size so they are similar in biomass to bacteria. Fungus population numbers are smaller but they dominate the soil biomass when the soil is not disturbed. Bacteria, actinomycetes, and protozoa are hardy and can tolerate more soil disturbance than fungal populations so they dominate in tilled soils while fungal and nematode populations tend to dominate in untilled or no-till soils. There are more microbes in a teaspoon of soil than there are people on the earth. Soils contain about 8 to 15 tons of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, earthworms, and arthropods. See fact sheets on Roles of Soil Bacteria, Fungus, Protozoa and Nematodes. Microbial Soil Organic Matter Decomposition Organic matter decomposition serves two functions for the microorganisms, providing energy for growth and suppling carbon for the formation of new cells. Soil organic matter (SOM) is composed of the “living” (microorganisms), the “dead” (fresh residues), and the “very dead” (humus) fractions. The “very dead” or humus is the long-term SOM fraction that is thousands of years old and is resistant to decomposition. Soil organic matter has two components called the active (35%) and the passive (65%) SOM. Active SOM is composed of the “living” and “dead” fresh plant or animal material which is food for microbes and is composed of easily digested sugars and proteins. The passive SOM is resistant to decomposition by microbes and is higher in lignin. Microbes need regular supplies of active SOM in the soil to survive in the soil. Long-term no-tilled soils have significantly greater levels of microbes, more active carbon, more SOM, and more stored carbon than conventional tilled soils. A majority of the microbes in the soil exist under starvation conditions and thus they tend to be in a dormant state, especially in tilled soils. Dead plant residues and plant nutrients become food for the microbes in the soil. Soil organic matter (SOM) is basically all the organic substances (anything with carbon) in the soil, both living and dead. SOM includes plants, blue green algae, microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, beetles, springtails, etc.) and the fresh and decomposing organic matter from plants, animals, and microorganisms. Understanding Soil Microbes and Nutrient Recycling
Vibration analysis of a split path gearbox (1995)

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Dynamic SRAM stability characterization in 45nm CMOS (2010)

A method for characterizing dynamic SRAM stability using pulsed wordlines, is demonstrated in 45nm CMOS. Static read margins were observed to overestimate failures by up to 1000x while static write margins failed to predict outliers in dynamic write stability. Dynamic write stability was demonstrated to exhibit an enhanced sensitivity to process variations, and negative bias temperature instability (NBTI), compared to static write margins.
Analysis of Elliptically Polarized Cavity Backed Antennas Using a Combined FEM/MoM/GTD Technique (1995)

2 List of Symbols 3 1. Introduction 5 2. Theory 7 3. Numerical and Experimental Results 13 3.1 Experimental Procedure 13 3.2 Numerical Modelling 14 3.3 Experimental Limitations 15 3.4 Computational Limitations 15 4. Conclusions 16 Acknowledgements 16 References 2 ABSTRACT Radiation pattern prediction analysis of elliptically polarized cavity backed aperture antennas in a finite ground plane is carried out using a combined Finite Element Method (FEM)/Method of Moments (MoM)/Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) technique. The magnetic current on the cavity-backed aperture in an infinite ground plane is calculated using the combined FEM/MoM analysis. GTD, including the slope diffraction contribution, is used to calculate the diffracted fields due to both soft and hard polarizations at the edges of the finite ground plane. Numerical results for the radiation patterns of a cavity backed circular spiral microstrip patch antenna excited by a coaxial probe in a finite rectangular ground...
Measuring toe clearance using a wireless inertial sensing device (2008)

Tripping and slipping falls are serious health concerns for the elderly because they incur high medical costs and can result in life threatening injuries i.e., internal bleeding. Recently there has been an increased interest in the development of portable inertial sensing devices for measuring human movement. These devices employ acceleration and angular data to obtain limb motion such as velocity and displacement through integration of acceleration values. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a wireless inertial sensing device for monitoring vertical toe clearance during walking. It has been demonstrated that variability in minimum toe clearance (MTC) which occurs during the swing phase is a sensitive falls risk predictor. Our device is composed of a tri-axis accelerometer and dual-axis gyroscope wirelessly connected through the use of Crossbow motes. The vertical toe clearance is obtained through double integration of the resultant acceleration in the vertical direction. We have performed zero base, treadmill and intersubject experiments to investigate device performance to environmental variations and compared the calculated toe clearance against measurements made by an Optotrak motion system. It was found that device outputs were approximately independent of small ambient temperature variations, had a reliable range of 20 m indoors and 50 m outdoors and a maximum transmission rate of 20 packets/s. Toe clearance measurements coincided with Optotrak measurement trends but suffered from cumulative integration errors over time. The identification, quantification and reduction of these errors are intricate but important further research issues.
A systematic approach for design of digit-serial signal processing architectures (1991)

A systematic unfolding transformation technique for transforming bit-serial architecture into equivalent digit-serial ones is presented. The novel feature of the unfolding technique lies in the generation of functionally correct control circuits in the digit-serial architectures. For some applications bit-serial architectures may be too slow, and bit-parallel architectures may be faster than necessary and may require too much hardware. The desired sample rate in these applications can be achieved using the digit-serial approach, where multiple bits of a sample are processed in a single clock cycle. The number of bits processed in one clock cycle in the digit-serial systems is referred to as the digit size; the digit size can be any arbitrary integer (the digit size was restricted to be a divisor of wordlength in past ad hoc designs). Digit-serial implementation of two's complement adders and multipliers is described. Least-significant-bit-first bit-serial implementation of two's complement division, square-root, and compare-select operations are presented, and the corresponding digit-serial architectures for these operations are obtained using the unfolding algorithm. Unfolding of multiple-rate operations (such as interpolators and decimators) is also addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal phase distributions for polygonal Fresnel lenses (2010)

Polygonal Fresnel zone plates can be configured in a variety of forms depending on the number of sides of the polygon and the number of phase steps used. This contribution deals with some specific polygonal designs that tessellate the plane: triangles, squares, and hexagons. The phase distribution is chosen as a continuous one to form a polygonal kinoform. The selected designs have been simulated and its behaviour compared. Although their performance is worse than the circular Fresnel plate, they may present some other advantages as the tessellation capability, and the possibility to fabricate them as extruded profiles.
Role of virtual gap states and defects in metal-semiconductor contacts (1987)

Chemical trends of barrier heights reported for metal- and silicide-silicon contacts are analyzed. The data are easily explained when both virtual gap states of the complex band structure of the semiconductor and electronic levels of defects created in the semiconductor close to the interface during its formation are considered. The virtual gap states determine the barrier heights when either the defect density is low or the defects are completely charged or all neutral.
Two-Stage Approach for Detection and Reduction of Motion Artifacts in Photoplethysmographic Data (2010)

Corruption of photopleythysmograms (PPGs) by motion artifacts has been a serious obstacle to the reliable use of pulse oximeters for real-time, continuous state-of-health monitoring. In this paper, we propose an automated, two-stage PPG data processing method to minimize the effects of motion artifacts. The technique is based on our prior work related to motion artifact detection (stage 1) [R. Krishnan, B. Natarajan, and S. Warren, "Analysis and detection of motion artifacts in photoplethysmographic data using higher order statistics,'' in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. (ICASSP 2008), Las Vegas, Nevada, Apr. 2008, pp. 613-616] and motion artifact reduction (stage 2) [R. Krishnan, B. Natarajan, and S. Warren, "Motion artifact reduction in photoplethysmography using magnitude-based frequency domain independent component analysis,'' in Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Comput. Commun. Network, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Aug. 2008, pp. 1-5]. Regarding stage 1, we present novel and consistent techniques to detect the presence of motion artifact in PPGs given higher order statistical information present in the data. We analyze these data in the time and frequency domains (FDs) and identify metrics to distinguish between clean and motion-corrupted data. A Neyman-Pearson detection rule is formulated for each of the metrics. Furthermore, by treating each of the metrics as observations from independent sensors, we employ hard fusion and soft fusion techniques presented in [Z. Chair and P. Varshney, "Optimal data fusion in multiple sensor detection systems,'' IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., AES, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 98-101, Jan. 1986] and [C. C. Lee and J. J. Chao, "Optimum local decision space partitioning for distributed detection,'' IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., AES, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 536-544, Jul. 1989], respectively, in order to fuse individual decisions into a global system decision. For stage two, we propose a motion artifact reduction method that is effective even in the presence of severe subject movement. The approach involves an enhanced preprocessing unit consisting of a motion detection unit (MDU, developed in this paper), period estimation unit, and Fourier series reconstruction unit. The MDU identifies clean data frames versus those corrupted with motion artifacts. The period estimation unit determines the fundamental frequency of a corrupt frame. The Fourier series reconstruction unit reconstructs the final preprocessed signal by utilizing the spectrum variability of the pulse waveform. Preprocessed data are then fed to a magnitude-based FD independent component analysis unit. This helps reduce motion artifacts present at the frequencies of the reconstruction components. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the overall motion artifact reduction method.
Hepatitis B: Epidemiology and prevention in developing countries (2012)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global public health problem. The infection may be transmitted through sexual intercourse, parenteral contact or from an infected mother to the baby at birth and, if contracted early in life, may lead to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. On the basis of the HBV carrier rate, the world can be divided in 3 regions of high, medium and low endemicity. The major concern is about high endemicity countries, where the most common route of infection remains vertical transmission from mother to child. Screening of all pregnant women and passive immunization with human hepatitis B immunoglobulin are not affordable for many developing countries. The infection rate can be reduced by modifying behavior, improving individual education, testing all blood donations, assuring asepsis in clinical practice and screening all pregnant women. However, availability of a safe and efficacious vaccine and adoption of appropriate immunization strategies are the most effective means to prevent HBV infection and its consequences. The unsolved problem for poorest countries, where the number of people currently infected is high, is the cost of the vaccine. A future challenge is to overcome the social and economic hurdles of maintaining and improving a prevention policy worldwide to reduce the global burden of the disease.
MDA-based ontology infrastructure (2004)

The paper presents Ontology Definition Metamodel (ODM) and Ontology UML Profile that enables using Model Driven Architecture (MDA) standards in ontological engineering. Other similar metamodels are based on ontology representation languages, such as RDF(S), DAML+OIL, etc. However, none of these other solutions uses the recent W3C effort-The Web Ontology Language (OWL). In our approach, we firstly define the ODM and Ontology UML Profile place in the context of the MDA four-layer architecture and identify the main OWL concepts. Then, we define ODM using Meta-Object Facility (MOF). The relations between similar MOF and OWL concepts are discussed in order to show their differences (e.g. MOF or UML Class and OWL Class). The proposed ODM is used as a starting point for defining Ontology UML profile that enables using the well-known UML notation in ontological engineering more extensively.
Weaving the Web; The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by Its Inventor (2 Cassettes) (1999)

From the Publisher:
Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, has been hailed by Time magazine as one of the 100 greatest minds of this century. His creation has already changed the way people do business, entertain themselves, exchange ideas, and socialize with one another. With new online businesses and communities forming every day, the full impact of Berners-Lee's grand scheme has yet to be fully realized. 
Now, this low-profile genius tells his own story of the Web's originsfrom its radical introduction and the creation of the now ubiquitous WWW and HTTP acronyms to how he sees the future development of this revolutionary medium.
Berners-Lee offers insights to help listeners understand the true nature of the Web, enabling them to use it to their fullest advantage. He shares his views on such critical issues as censorship, privacy, and the increasing power of software companies in the online world.