gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pantopaque Ventriculography: Demonstration and Assessment of Lesions of the Third Ventricle and Posterior Fossa (1970)

p ANTOPAQUE ventriculography, a timehonored technique for assessment of midline lesions suspected of encroaching upon the third ventricle, the aqueduct of Sylvius, or the fourth ventricle, has received increasing attention in the past few years23,7,1o,12,a9 Improved surgical and radiotherapeutic capabilities have created a need for more detailed assessment of the posterior fossa, and technical advancements in image intensification have made possible the simple and widespread use of Pantopaque ventriculography. 1,13,16 In spite of the degree of perfection reached by fractional pneumoencephalography, positive contrast ventriculography is often needed for detailed demonstration of the third ventricle, the aqueduct, and the fourth ventricle2 ~ Particularly, in the presence of increased intracranial pressure, gas ventriculography and fractional pneumoencephalography may be inadequate or contraindicated as a means of demonstrating the aqueduct and fourth ventricles while Pantopaque ventficulography will readily and safely outline these structures. 16 Positive contrast ventriculography should not be considered a replacement or alternative to fractional pneumoencephalography or arteriography; rather it is advocated to complement the information derived from these studies2-3,5,13,a7 The early widespread use of positive contrast ventriculography was marred by frequent complications due to toxicity of the then available contrast media; 4,7 this was corrected by the introduction of Pantopaque, a medium well tolerated, without radiation hazards, and of acceptable physical characteristics.4,12
Practical application of ultrasound biomicroscopy. (1995)

It is beyond the scope of this article to comment in detail on every condition in which ultrasound biomicroscopy has provided useful information. Details of the use of this method in clinical conditions are provided in the references cited. Ultrasound biomicroscopy has given us a new way of looking at disease in the living eye. We can now observe the interrelationships and movement of structures that previously could not be imaged. Future theoretic and technologic advances should expand the usefulness of this imaging method.
Theoretical gain in strained InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells including valence-band mixing effects (1990)

In this letter, we present the first detailed theoretical study of gain in strained InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells, taking into account the complex nature of the valence-subband structure, which must be included in any realistic model. We first compare the material gain as a function of carrier and radiative current density for a strained and unstrained quantum well. We then present calculations of theoretical differential gain, carrier density, and radiative current density at transparency as a function of indium mole fraction in the well.&lt;lz&gt; &lt;lz&gt; &lt;lz&gt;
Incremental Drag due to Grooves and Threads for KE (Kinetic Energy) Projectiles (1989)

A prediction method for estimating the increment of increase in the drag coefficient due to the grooves on the surface of the body of a kinetic energy projectile is established based on wind tunnel data. Known existing methods give very poor results when compared to the experimental data. Twenty cases were considered for the present correlations and validation. The results achieved are very satisfactory. The present analysis considers parameters not included in the existing methods: the groove pitch (or alternately the groove depth); and multi-groove types residing on the same projectile body. The groove drag decreases very rapidly with the increase in Reynolds number and also decreases considerably with the increase in Mach number. The range of validity of the present expressions coincides with the usual KE projectile requirement, which established the Mach number range to be 3.5 < M < 5.5 and -alpha = 0 deg.
Finding a Place for Tumor-specific T Cells in Targeted Cancer Therapy (2004)

A goal in cancer therapeutics is to develop targeted modalities that distinguish malignant from normal cells. T cells can discriminate diseased cells based on subtle alterations in peptides displayed in association with MHC molecules at the cell surface. Recent success using the adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T cells has fueled optimism that this approach may find a place as a targeted therapy for some human cancers.
A monolithic surface micromachined accelerometer with digital output (1995)

A surface micromachined accelerometer with on-chip electronics realized in a 3 /spl mu/m BiCMOS technology is described. The sensing element consists of a thin film of polysilicon that is deposited after fabrication of the electronic circuitry. Acceleration is measured by capacitively sensing sub-angstrom displacements of a mechanical proof-mass weighing 0.5 /spl mu/grams. The sensor uses force-feedback and achieves a resolution of 1.6 mg//spl radic/(Hz) (1 g=9.8 m/s/sup 2/). The limitations arising from the small size and mass of the sensing element and means for improvement are discussed. The small active die area of less than 3 mm/sup 2/ including the sensor along with the possibility to combine several different sensors on a single chip make this approach particularly attractive for applications demanding very small form factors.
Visualization of structural information: automatic drawing of compound digraphs (1991)

An automatic method for drawing compound digraphs that contain both inclusion edges and adjacency edges are presented. In the method vertices are drawn as rectangles (areas for texts, images, etc.), inclusion edges by the geometric inclusion among the rectangles, and adjacency edges by arrows connecting them. Readability elements such as drawing conventions and rules are identified, and a heuristic algorithm to generate readable diagrams is developed. Several applications are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. The utilization of curves to improve the quality of diagrams is investigated. A possible set of command primitives for progressively organizing structures within this graph formalism is discussed. The computational time for the applications shows that the algorithm achieves satisfactory performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Time resolved luminescence spectroscopy of alkaline earth oxides after pulsed electron beam irradiation. II. Spectra and thresholds of MgO (1989)

Time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy has been used to study the emissions occurring in MgO in the time range 100 ns to 100 μs after irradiation with nanosecond duration pulses of electrons of energy between 0.2 and 3.0 MeV. An emission at ∼380 nm with a threshold energy of 0.28±0.01 MeV is attributed to processes resulting from the displacement of oxygen anions and the formation of F+ centers. An emission at ∼240 nm is attributed to processes resulting from the displacement of magnesium cations, with a threshold energy of 0.32±0.01 MeV. An emission at ∼470 nm at an electron energy of 3.0 MeV is attributed to processes resulting from the formation of aggregates of F+ centers, such as the F2+2 center. Displacement energies of 49±2 and 38±2 eV were estimated for oxygen anions and magnesium cations, respectively.
Reliability modeling: an overview for system designers (1991)

The role of reliability models in system design is examined. Methods for predicting system reliability are discussed, covering the choice of metric for analysis, creating the system reliability model, and refining the model. A case study is presented to illustrate reliability modeling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Suppression of Short Length-Scale Rotating Stall Inception With Glow Discharge Actuation (2007)

This paper proposes and investigates the pioneering use of glow discharge (plasma) actuation to suppress short length-scale (spike) rotating stall inception. A single dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator basically consists of two parallel offset thin electrodes separated by a dielectric material. The application of a high frequency AC voltage across the electrodes results in an induced body force on the flow adjacent to the surface. This simple, robust actuator may provide a practical low-power mean to positively alter the tip clearance flow dynamics responsible for spike stall inception. A computational study is carried out on a low-speed compressor rotor with the implementation of a published plasma actuation model in an established turbomachinery CFD code. The objective is to provide a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of a casing circumferential plasma actuator, with varying actuator location, input voltage and frequency, in suppressing the two flow criteria associated with the formation of spike disturbances leading to stall. Results show that plasma actuation most effectively suppresses both of these flow criteria when placed near the rotor leading edge and delays the predicted stall point to a lower flow coefficient with minimal power input. The simulations also indicate that the effectiveness of the actuation decreases non-linearly with input voltage and frequency. In addition, results indicate that this technology could perhaps be used for suppression of both short and long-length scale stall inception in axial compressors.
Proteins induced by telomere dysfunction and DNA damage represent biomarkers of human aging and disease (2008)

Telomere dysfunction limits the proliferative capacity of human cells by activation of DNA damage responses, inducing senescence or apoptosis. In humans, telomere shortening occurs in the vast majority of tissues during aging, and telomere shortening is accelerated in chronic diseases that increase the rate of cell turnover. Yet, the functional role of telomere dysfunction and DNA damage in human aging and diseases remains under debate. Here, we identified marker proteins (i.e., CRAMP, stathmin, EF-1alpha, and chitinase) that are secreted from telomere-dysfunctional bone-marrow cells of late generation telomerase knockout mice (G4mTerc(-/-)). The expression levels of these proteins increase in blood and in various tissues of aging G4mTerc(-/-) mice but not in aging mice with long telomere reserves. Orthologs of these proteins are up-regulated in late-passage presenescent human fibroblasts and in early passage human cells in response to gamma-irradiation. The study shows that the expression level of these marker proteins increases in the blood plasma of aging humans and shows a further increase in geriatric patients with aging-associated diseases. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the expression of the biomarkers in the blood plasma of patients with chronic diseases that are associated with increased rates of cell turnover and telomere shortening, such as cirrhosis and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Analysis of blinded test samples validated the effectiveness of the biomarkers to discriminate between young and old, and between disease groups (MDS, cirrhosis) and healthy controls. These results support the concept that telomere dysfunction and DNA damage are interconnected pathways that are activated during human aging and disease.
350. [Vol. v. p. 396.] (1911)

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Optimizing Exchange Transfusion for Severe Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia: Studies in the Gunn Rat (2013)

We optimized ET for severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the Gunn rat model. Our data indicate that ET is the most effective treatment option, in the acute as well as the follow-up situation.
Anaphylactic Shock: Shocking Error of Immune System! (2013)

Activation of immune response is developed in respect to some xenobiotic sensitization, which is supposed to prevent and protect the body from sufferings induced by these xenobiotic. But unfortunately sometime body behaves in a paradoxical manner which misguides the immune system and ultimately turned into a bizarre situation of immune function. One of such response is anaphylactic shock, which is quite fatal if untreated. This review brings insights into the molecular physiology of anaphylactic shock and how some people elicit allergic response to certain substances but not the other. This major catastrophe of the body holds an error of immune system whereas this commentary based review disclosed the synchronization of the unfortunate lessons of the immune system, which makes it a cruel to cause DEATH!
<title>Theoretical and experimental study of ridge waveguides with Bragg grating derived from hybrid sol-gel glasses</title> (1998)

A vectorial coupled mode theory is used to analyze sol-gel ridge waveguides with UV-light imprinted Bragg grating. The effect of device parameters on grating reflectivity is investigated. It is shown that 100% reflectivity for both TE and TM modes can be achieved using short (1 - 2 mm) gratings. The measured reflectivity in a ridge waveguide with grating agrees with the theoretical predictions for TE and TM modes.
Semantic consistency checking for model transformations (2010)

Model transformation, as a key technique of MDA, is error-prone because of conceptual flaws in design and man-made errors in manual transformation rules. So the consistency checking of model transformations is of great importance for MDA. In this paper, a framework of semantic consistency checking for model transformation is proposed and discussed. In this framework, a graph representation is required to describe model languages, model transformation rules, and source code. Then several semantic properties are selected to be studied, and algorithms based on critical pairs are given to check whether these properties are preserved by model transformations. At last, a case study is performed to demonstrate the feasibility.
Plasma and Dietary Vitamin E in Relation to Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes (2002)

A protective effect of vitamin E may exist within the range of intake available from food. This effect may go undetected within studies of high-dose supplement use, which appears to hold no additional protective benefit.
Complementarity of the 16S rRNA penultimate stem with sequences downstream of the AUG destabilizes the plastid mRNAs (2001)

Escherichia coli mRNA translation is facilitated by sequences upstream and downstream of the initiation codon, called Shine-Dalgarno (SD) and downstream box (DB) sequences, respectively. In E.coli enhancing the complementarity between the DB sequences and the 16S rRNA penultimate stem resulted in increased protein accumulation without a significant affect on mRNA stability. The objective of this study was to test whether enhancing the complementarity of plastid mRNAs downstream of the AUG (downstream sequence or DS) with the 16S rRNA penultimate stem (anti-DS or ADS region) enhances protein accumulation. The test system was the tobacco plastid rRNA operon promoter fused with the E.coli phage T7 gene 10 (T7g10) 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) and DB region. Translation efficiency was tested by measuring neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) accumulation in tobacco chloroplasts. We report here that the phage T7g10 5'-UTR and DB region promotes accumulation of NPTII up to approximately 16% of total soluble leaf protein (TSP). Enhanced mRNA stability and an improved NPTII yield ( approximately 23% of TSP) was obtained from a construct in which the T7g10 5'-UTR was linked with the NPTII coding region via a NheI site. However, replacing the T7g10 DB region with the plastid DS sequence reduced NPTII and mRNA levels to 0.16 and 28%, respectively. Reduced NPTII accumulation is in part due to accelerated mRNA turnover.
Comparative Stress/Deflection Analyses of a Thick-Shell Composite Propeller Blade (1991)

To assist propeller designers in developing blade designs based on composite structures, an overview of composite material characteristics and available structural analysis methods was undertaken. Using detailed analyses of a thick-shell composite and a solid bronze blade, it was shown that three- dimensional finite-element analysis is useful for predicting relevant stresses and deflections. A more simplified approach was not satisfactory. To establish the feasibility of composite blades, further information about acceptable stress and deflection levels is needed.
Enhanced detection of gametocytes by magnetic deposition microscopy predicts higher potential for Plasmodium falciparum transmission (2008)

MDM increased detection sensitivity of P. falciparum-infected, haemozoin-containing erythrocytes from infected humans while maintaining detection of ring-stage parasites. Gametocyte prevalence five-fold higher than observed by CBS suggests higher malaria transmission potential in PNG endemic sites compared to previous estimates.
Acute and chronic ultraviolet radiation induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity in hairless mice. (1990)

The effects of acute, multiple, and chronic exposure of hairless mice to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) (EC 4.1.1.17) activity were investigated. Acute UVR exposure results in a biphasic time course of induction of epidermal ODC activity. Enzyme activity maxima occur at 3 and 24 h postirradiation. The biphasic time course is observed in two different strains of hairless mice (Skh:HR-1 and Jackson HRS/J) when the UVR source is either UBV fluorescent tubes or a solar simulator. The ratio of 24-h/3-h postirradiation ODC activity increases with increasing UVR dose. UVR induction of ODC activity was not significant below the mouse minimum erythemal dose (MED). The 3- and 24-h ODC activities have similar apparent Kms for ornithine (34 and 50 microM, respectively), and thermal stabilities at 52 degrees C (t1/2 = 23 and 18 min, respectively), and exhibit similar half-lives in vivo (t1/2 = 15 and 18 min, respectively). Multiple UVR exposure experiments showed 24-h ODC activity is sensitive to the preexposure history of the mouse, while 3-h ODC is not. Preexposure of hairless mice to several sub-MED levels of simulated solar radiation (SSR) specifically suppresses induction of 24-h ODC by a follow-up 2 x MED of SSR. Preexposure to a single 2 x MED of SSR specifically enhances induction of 24-h ODC induced by a second 2 x MED of SSR administered 48 h after the first. The 3-h ODC was not significantly affected by either preexposure regimen. Preexposure to a single high or low dose of UVA radiation did not affect epidermal ODC activity nor had an effect on ODC induction by UVB radiation. Several weeks of chronic exposure to UVB radiation elevated basal levels of epidermal ODC substantially (up to 350-fold). In these chronically irradiated mice, exposure to 2 x MED SSR resulted in a further 3.5-fold increase in ODC activity over the elevated basal level. These data reveal novel properties of epidermal cell expression of ODC activity in response to acute and chronic UVR insult. The results provide additional insight into the use of ODC as a marker for skin photodamage.
The Heterogeneity of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG). III. The Occurrence and Biological and Immunological Activities of Nicked hCG* (1991)

Nicks, or missing peptide linkages, have been found in hCG beta-subunit between residues 44 and 45 and between residues 47 and 48. We examined the occurrence and biological and immunological activities of nicked hCG. As shown by sequence analysis, CR127 standard hCG is approximately 20% nicked, half at beta 44-45 and half at beta 47-48. Treatment with human leukocyte elastase increased the extent of nicking of CR127 standard hCG. The longer the incubation of CR127 standard with human leukocyte elastase (0, 2, and 21 h), the greater the extent of nicked hCG (20%, 46%, and 89%). As the extent of nicking increased, the receptor-binding ability diminished, as did the ability to stimulate progesterone production by rat corpus luteal cells in vitro (0.9, 0.74, and 0.29 microgram/microgram hCG, respectively). In a regression analysis, a linear relationship was indicated between the extent of nicking and receptor binding values (97% correlation) and between the extent of nicking and steroidogenic activity in vitro (99% correlation). From the intercepts of the regression lines, it was estimated that nicks reduced receptor binding by 11-fold and reduced the steroidogenic activity of hCG by 5-fold. We examined eight individual hCG preparations, three purified from pregnancy urine, three from urine from patients with hydatidiform mole, and two from urine from women with choriocarcinoma. In descending order, the eight individual hCG preparations were 100%, 100%, 85%, 76%, 42%, 41%, 0%, and 0% intact. Although no correlation was observed between the percent intact and the ability of the eight individual samples to displace 50% [125I]hCG in binding CG/LH receptor (r less than 0.5), a close correlation was noted between the percent intact and the steroidogenic activity in vitro (98% correlation). This separated the effects of nicking on receptor binding and steroidogenic activities and indicated that while multiple factors influence receptor binding, only nicking suppresses the steroidogenic activity of bound hCG. We examined the recognition of nicked hCG molecules by different hCG immunoassays. The Hybritech Tandem assay measured total hCG and did not distinguish nicked and intact hCG molecules (in a regression analysis, immunoactivity vs. percent intact hCG, r less than 0.5). In contrast, the immunometric assay using B109 hCG dimer-specific monoclonal antibody and anti-beta-peroxidase only detected the intact component of hCG (in a regression analysis, immunoreactivity vs. percent intact hCG, 98% correlation). We used these assays together to estimate the percentage of intact hCG and to deduce the extent of nicking.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Microscopic measurement system for birefringence and optical rotation distribution (2005)

A polarization measurement is proposed to detect a birefringence and an optical rotation distribution in a microscopic area. A residual stress caused by industrial processes and molecular orientation are observed by visualizing birefringence distribution. It is possible to analyze components of material with optical rotation. This measurement system consists of a He-Ne laser, polarizers, a half-wave and a quarter-wave plate. By changing combination of rotating angle of half-wave plate, quarter-wave plate and analyzer, we can obtain retardation, azimuthal angle of birefringence and optical rotation angle independently. An analytical algorithm with local-sampling phase shifting is employed for achieving a high resolution. The errors caused by the initial polarized characteristic of the optical system are corrected by subtracting the in-phase vector.
The Electrical Properties of Ceramic Electrolytes for LiM x Ti2 − x  (  PO 4 ) 3 + yLi2 O  ,  M  = Ge , Sn , Hf , and Zr Systems (1993)

The electrical properties of systems of , were examined in detail. The conductivity and the sinterability increased with the amount of excess lithium oxide in the phosphate. The secondary phase acts as a flux to accelerate the sintering process and to obtain high conductivity grain boundaries. The conductivity decreased and the activation energy of the bulk component for Li+ migration increased by the partial substitution of Tr4+for M4+ in systems of . A minimum activation energy of 0.28–0.30 eV, was obtained for the sample with ca. 1310 Å3 in the cell volume. has the most suitable tunnel size for a Li+ migration through the NASICON‐type network structure.