gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Filamentary, patterned, and diffuse barrier discharges (2002)

Barrier discharges, also known as dielectric-barrier discharges or silent discharges, provide a simple technology to establish nonequilibrium plasma conditions in atmospheric-pressure gases. This property has led to a number of industrial applications, including ozone generation, surface modification, pollution control, CO/sub 2/ lasers, excimer lamps, and flat plasma-display panels. Depending on a variety of gas properties, operating parameters, and boundary conditions, the discharge can exhibit pronounced filamentary character, self-organized regular-discharge patterns, or completely diffuse appearance. The literature on these different types of barrier discharges is reviewed, and the underlying physical phenomena are discussed. Relative recent investigations on low-current density diffuse barrier discharges suggest novel applications of fairly "mild" plasmas for sterilization and disinfection purposes and utilizing their selective influence on biological cells.
3-D Seismic Interpretation (2003)

3-D seismic data have become the key tool used in the petroleum industry to understand the subsurface. In addition to providing excellent structural images, the dense sampling of a 3-D survey makes it possible to map reservoir quality and the distribution of oil and gas. Topics covered in this book include basic structural interpretation and map-making; the use of 3-D visualisation methods; interpretation of seismic amplitudes, including their relation to rock and fluid properties; and the generation and use of AVO and acoustic impedance datasets. This new paperback edition includes an extra appendix presenting new material on novel acquisition design, pore pressure prediction from seismic velocity, elastic impedance inversion, and time lapse seismics. Written by professional geophysicists with many years' experience in the oil industry, the book is indispensable for geoscientists using 3-D seismic data, including graduate students and new entrants into the petroleum industry.
Uncertain Value of Electronic Fetal Monitoring in Predicting Cerebral Palsy (1996)

Specific abnormal findings on electronic monitoring of the fetal heart rate were associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy. However, the false positive rate was extremely high. Since cesarean section is often performed when such abnormalities are noted and is associated with risk to the mother, our findings arouse concern that, if these indications were widely used, many cesarean sections would be performed without benefit and with the potential for harm.
In vivo induction of interleukin 10 by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody or bacterial lipopolysaccharide: differential modulation by cyclosporin A. (1993)

We investigated the in vivo effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) on the production of interleukin (IL) 10, a cytokine with major immunosuppressive properties. To elicit IL-10 production in vivo, BALB/c mice were injected either with the anti-mouse CD3 145-2C11 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (25 micrograms) or with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (20 micrograms). A systemic release of IL-10 was observed in both models, IL-10 serum levels reaching 1.60 +/- 0.32 U/ml (mean +/- SEM) and 0.67 +/- 0.09 U/ml 6 h after injection of 145-2C11 mAb and LPS, respectively. Experiments in nude mice indicated that T cells are involved in the induction of IL-10 by anti-CD3 mAb, but not by LPS. Pretreatment with CsA (total dose: 50 mg/kg) before injection of 145-2C11 mAb completely prevented the release of IL-10 in serum as well as IL-10 mRNA accumulation in spleen cells. In contrast, CsA markedly enhanced LPS-induced IL-10 release (IL-10 serum levels at 6 h: 8.31 +/- 0.43 vs. 0.71 +/- 0.15 U/ml in mice pretreated with CsA vehicle-control, p < 0.001), as well as IL-10 mRNA accumulation in spleen. We conclude that CsA differentially affects IL-10 production in vivo depending on the nature of the eliciting agent. This observation might be relevant to clinical settings, especially in organ transplantation.
From ground to aerial communication (2013)

Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) employed in civil missions are receiving remarkable attention from both research and industry. UAVs embed more and more sensor technology, and their small mounted cameras allow for efficient mapping of large areas in short time. Yet, civil missions such as rescue operations would need a timely delivery of high-resolution images, which calls for high-speed communication such as provided by WLAN IEEE 802.11n. Driven by extensive experiments, the key finding of this contribution is that 802.11n performs poorly in highly mobile and aerial scenarios, as the throughput between UAVs drops far below the theoretical maximum as soon as they become airborne. This is partially caused by the limitations of the embedded hardware, but also a result of the network dynamics of the aerial links. In order to dissect the origins of the low performance figures, we isolate the potential causes of degradation by analyzing our data of throughput, packet loss, aircraft and antenna orientation, and cruise speed. We discuss quantitatively how practical it is to deliver high-resolution images when being exposed to aerial throughput. We believe that it will be a long way until micro UAVs transferring large-size data become reality and argue for a new amendment of IEEE 802.11 addressing the communication among highly-mobile UAVs.
Reviving the Job Signature Concept for Better Quality Cement Jobs (1998)

Abstract The Job Signature concept was introduced long ago but was never widely implemented throughout the industry. This paper will discuss first the use of combining data acquired during the cement job with a simulator to analyze the well cementing process and derive information as to the quality of the cementation. Case studies illustrate the reliability of the simulator and therefore indicate the level of confidence when the same simulator is used for design purposes. The concept of "job signature" can safely be extended to the evaluation process, and most of all to those cement jobs for which design or execution data are not complete, or extreme well whose conditions cannot be completely simulated. The systematic use of this evaluation technique relies not only on people's experience and competence, but also on the user-friendliness, availability, and efficiency of the sofiware. Progress in monitoring cement job data and in simulator user- friendliness with the advent of PC-based machines running in a WindowsTM environment, now allow this technique to develop rapidly as an efficient evaluation tool. Combined with an animated graphic interface, the generalized use of the simulation tools enables the engineer to produce a Job Signature at the wellsite in a minimum amount of time, without requiring expertise in computers or job evaluation. Finally, further progress of the software in integrating the different simulators (centralization, U-tube, mud removal, circulating temperature) and working real time on the data acquired during the cement job are outlined. P. 505
The primary water splitting light reaction. Mass spectrometric determination of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen evolution from water photolysis by platinized chlorophyll a dihydrate polycrystals (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe primary water splitting light reaction. Mass spectrometric determination of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen evolution from water photolysis by platinized chlorophyll a dihydrate polycrystalsFrancis K. Fong and Lory GallowayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 11, 3594–3596Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00479a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00479a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-Time Flash Translation Layer for NAND Flash Memory Storage Systems (2012)

Due to the variable garbage collection latency, NAND flash memory storage systems may suffer long system response time, especially when the flash memory is close to be full. Most of existing flash translation layer (FTL) schemes focus on improving the average response time but ignore to provide a desirable worst case response time upper bound. This paper proposes a Real-time Flash Translation Layer (RFTL) scheme to hide the long garbage collection latency while satisfying a worst case response time upper bound that achieves an ideal case. We achieve this by using a distributed partial garbage collection policy that enables RFTL to reclaim the space and to serve the write requests simultaneously. A new block-level address mapping approach is designed to guarantee enough free space to serve the write request arriving at any time period. Experimental results show that our scheme improves both the worst case system response time and the average system response time compared with previous work.
Isolation and Characterization of Heparin-Binding Growth Factors in Human Leiomyomas and Normal Myometrium1 (1995)

Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are benign, smooth muscle cell (SMC) tumors of the myometrium containing abundant extracellular matrix (ECM). Heparin-binding growth factors present in leiomyoma and normal myometrial fresh tissue were isolated using heparin-affinity fast protein liquid chromatography. Purification of these growth factors was monitored by the stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into BALBc-3T3 cells and myometrial SMC. Western blot analysis confirmed that two consistent peaks of growth factor activity (eluting at 0.5 M NaCl and 1.7 M NaCl) were platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), 31 kDa, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 18 kDa, respectively. Northern blot analysis of leiomyoma and myometrial tissue revealed three RNA transcripts (2.8, 2.3, and 1.9 kb) for PDGF-A chain, one RNA transcript (4.0 kb) for PDGF-B chain, and two RNA transcripts (3.7 and 3.5 kb) for bFGF. RNase protection assay showed elevated expression of the bFGF mRNA transcript in leiomyomas in 3 out of 5 patients. Immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin-embedded tissue showed that PDGF was predominantly intracellular in both vascular and myometrial SMC. Basic FGF, by contrast, was found primarily bound to the ECM of myometrium and fibroids. Leiomyomas showed much stronger staining for bFGF due to the large areas of ECM in these tumors. A third mitogenic peak eluting at 1.1 M NaCl was also seen in both myometrial and leiomyoma tissue. This peak was not definitively identified by Western blotting. However, Northern analysis for heparin binding-epidermal growth factor (HBEGF), which also elutes at 1.1 M NaCl, detected one RNA transcript for HBEGF (2.5 kb) in normal myometrium but little or no expression in the corresponding leiomyoma tissue. Immunoperoxidase staining showed that HBEGF was a cell-membrane-associated protein in both normal myometrial and leiomyoma SMC with more intense staining in normal myometrium. These results show that both leiomyomas and myometrium synthesize a number of heparin-binding growth factors. The enhanced growth of leiomyomas may be due, in part, to the presence of large quantities of bFGF that are stored in the ECM of these tumors. In addition, the level of HBEGF mRNA declines during the transformation of myometrial SMC into leiomyomas.
Volumetric cell‐and‐portal generation (2003)

Abstract We present an algorithm to generate a cell‐and‐portal decomposition of general indoor scenes. The method is an adaptation of the 3D watershed transform, computed on a distance‐to‐geometry sampled field. The watershed is processed using a flooding analogy in the distance field space. Flooding originates from local minima, each minimum producing a region. Portals are built as needed to avoid the merging of regions during their growth. As a result, the cell‐and‐portal decomposition is closely linked to the structure of the models. In a building, the algorithm finds all the rooms, doors and windows. To restrict the memory load, a hierarchical implementation of the algorithm is presented. We also explain how to handle possible model degeneracies ‐such as cracks, holes and interpenetrating geometries‐ using a pre‐voxelisation step. The hierarchical algorithm, preceded when necessary by the pre‐voxelisation, was tested on a large range of models. We show that it is able to deal with classical architectural models, as well as cave‐like environments and large mixed indoor/outdoor scenes. Thanks to the intermediate distance field representation, the algorithm can be used regardless of the way the model is represented: it deals with parametric curves, implicit surfaces, volumetric data and polygon soups in a unified way.
Novel Item Recommendation by User Profile Partitioning (2009)

Standard top-N collaborative recommendation algorithms are very poor at recommending relevant products to a user that are more novel than her average tastes. Our study shows that novel recommendation is difficult because standard similarity metrics measure the aggregate similarity to multiple items in the user profile and the influence of more novel items is lost in the aggregation. To better capture the user's range of tastes, we propose to partition the user profile into clusters of similar items and compose the recommendation list of items that match well with each cluster, rather than with the entire user profile. In this paper we evaluate a number of partitioning strategies in combination with a dimension reduction strategy. A new evaluation methodology is introduced to capture the system ability to diversify its recommendations across relevant items regardless of their novelty. By plotting concentration curves of novelty against accuracy, we show that this strategy succeeds in reducing the system bias towards similar items at a small cost to overall accuracy.
Surfactant Adsorption on a Clay Mineral:  Application of Radiation Scattering (1997)

Aqueous mixtures of the synthetic clay mineral Laponite and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in dilute suspension have been investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The SANS intensity pattern from the suspension of the pure clay is consistent with that from disks or platelets with diameters of about 30 nm. After addition of CTAB to the clay suspensions, CTAB adsorbs on the face of the clay platelets by cationic exchange and the resulting complex contains excess CTAB in an amount corresponding to about four multiples of the clay's cation exchange capacity (CEC). Contrast matching by isotopic substitution in the solvent indicates that the CTAB/clay complex retains a disk morphology, even if the CTAB in the aqueous medium is in considerable excess. Analyses of the DLS data are interpreted to indicate two possible stable clay platelet configurations in the suspensionsfree clay platelets or clay platelets with CTAB adsorbed in an amount above the CEC and presumably enough to form a stable surfactant bilayer. The effect of CTAB concentration in solution on the aggregation of the clay and its subsequent redispersion is reported, and the influence of clay on CTAB micelle formation is also discussed briefly.
Laboratory studies of surfactant-enhanced washing of polychlorinated biphenyl from sandy material (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaboratory studies of surfactant-enhanced washing of polychlorinated biphenyl from sandy materialAbdul S. Abdul and Thomas L. GibsonCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 4, 665–671Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00016a009https://doi.org/10.1021/es00016a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Introduction of oxygen into the alkyl chain of <i>N</i>-decyl-dNM decreases lipophilicity and results in increased retention of glucose residues on N-linked oligosaccharides (1994)

N-Alkylation of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor 1-deoxynojirimycin (dNM) dramatically increases its inhibitory potency (Tan et al., J. Biol. Chem., 266, 14504-14510, 1991). However, the possibility of extending the alkyl chain to N-decyl-dNM is limited by an increase of detergent-like (amphiphilic) properties of long-chain alkylated dNM derivatives. Substitution of methylene groups in the N-decyl chain by oxygen reduced the amphiphilicity of N-decyl-dNM derivatives, while retaining their superior inhibitory properties. In intact HepG2 cells, the compound N-7-oxadecyl-dNM was found to result in the most pronounced retention of glucose residues on N-linked glycans. Permeabilization of the plasma membrane with the bacterial toxin Streptolysin O improves the inhibitory properties of the derivatives N-3,6,9-trioxadecyl-, N-7,10,13-trioxatetradecyl-, N-3-oxadecyl- and N-7-oxadecyl-dNM, but not those of dNM. These observations suggest differences in the mode of entry of the oxygen-substituted dNM derivatives in comparison with dNM. We observed that the dNM derivative N-3,6,9-trioxadecyl-dNM, devoid of inhibitory activity in intact cells, was inhibitory in Streptolysin O-permeabilized cells. Thus, the permeability barriers posed by plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum membrane are not equivalent. The use of a permeabilized cell system thus allows the elaboration of inhibitory principles for novel bioactive compounds where study of the isolated enzymes may not be possible, and where intact cells are not a suitable target due to permeability barriers.
IFN-γ Reverses IL-2– and IL-4–Mediated T-Cell Steroid Resistance (2008)

Corticosteroids are the most common therapeutic approach for control of tissue inflammation. Combination IL-2/IL-4 is known to induce T-cell steroid resistance. This can be reversed with IFN-gamma; however, the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. In the current study, we found that treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with combination IL-2/IL-4 for 48 hours, but not with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, abrogated dexamethasone (DEX)-induced glucocorticoid receptor (GCR)-alpha nuclear translocation in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. The presence of IL-4 significantly down-regulated IFN-gamma production by IL-2-stimulated cells. Importantly, addition of IFN-gamma to the IL-2/IL-4 combination restored GCRalpha nuclear translocation in response to DEX. Furthermore, DEX-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 induction, used as a readout for corticosteroid-induced transactivation, was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in media and IL-2/IL-4/IFN-gamma-treated conditions compared with IL-2/IL-4-treated cells. The combination of IL-2/IL-4 induced p38 MAPK activation in CD3(+) cells (30.5 +/- 5.7% cells expressed phospho-p38 MAPK versus no phospho-p38 MAPK expression after media treatment). The presence of the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, or IFN-gamma inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation and enhanced GCRalpha nuclear translocation in response to DEX. These data indicate that combination IL-2/IL-4 inhibits GCRalpha nuclear translocation in human T cells, and this effect is reversed by IFN-gamma via inhibition of p38 MAPK activation.
Development of a Polyclonal Antibody-Based Serodiagnostic Assay for the Detection of<i>Xanthomonas campestris</i>pv.<i>pelargonii</i>in Geranium Plants (1990)

(...) Immunoglobulins were purified and used to develop a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This assay was used to determine the presence of X. c. pelargonii in symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. Relationships among strains of X. c. pelargonii, various pathovars of X. campestris, unrelated bacteria, and fungal pathogens of geranium were examined by direct ELISA. High reactivity was observed for X. c. pelargonii, but five of seven other tested pathovars also gave moderate reactions. Movement of X. c. pelargonii in root inoculated geranium cuttings also was examined
Results of deep brain stimulation for dystonia: A critical reappraisal (2002)

Deep brain stimulation for severe dystonia is still in the very first stage of development. Only single case reports or small case series have been reported to date. Best results have been obtained with pallidal stimulation in patients with primary generalised dystonia, especially in DYT1 mutation carriers. In secondary dystonia, conflicting results were reported. However, there is today enough promising evidence for a striking efficacy of pallidal stimulation in dystonia, supporting the need for further investigations in the field, with collaborative projects (regarding to the limited number of eligible patients); double-blind studies, including a consensus about surgical method; and a precise anatomic analysis of the position of the electrode. A careful assessment of the efficacy by using improved clinical scale is also warranted.