gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Fabrication of replicated high-precision insert elements for micro-optical bench arrangements</title> (1998)

Transparent polymer elements, containing both 3D-positioning structures and planar optical elements made by surface structuring, open the way for the mutual passive alignment of optical elements with respect to fibers, detectors and light sources in micro-optical benches with sub-micron precision. A fabrication process is presented for polymer inserts in micro-optical benches, which combines the mechanical precision of the LIGA-process with the wide variety of optical functions offered by diffractive optical elements. For this purpose, metal masters with lens elements made by surface structuring, and frame structures made with deep X-ray lithography and electroplating were used in a combined molding tool, and precision micro-optical elements were replicated by injection molding. The fabrication of the different parts of the mold insert and the alignment and fixing schemes for metal plates forming the micro cavity is described in detail. Injection molding experiments have been carried out using polycarbonate, a polymer known for its good optical properties. We discuss the different designs of mold inserts and injection geometries used for the mold, which were chosen in order to control the shrinkage of the molded element, to restrict damages during demolding, and to avoid inhomogeneities in the area of the lenses due to flow anisotropies and seam lines. We report on the characterization of the molded lens components. Injection molded lens structures are compared with hot embossed replicas, and used for the purpose of collimation applications. The imaging properties of these optical elements from single mode fibers onto single mode fibers is discussed. The miniature optical elements are arranged in arrays with 250 micrometers pitch which make them well suited for applications with fiber ribbons. Various positioning schemes and bench arrangements are under development.
The Asymmetric Addition of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Chiral (Salen)Titanium Complexes (1999)

The use of chiral (salen)TiCl2 complexes to induce the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes has been investigated. The complexes are catalytically active at substrate-to-catalyst ratios as high as 1000:1, and the optimal catalyst (2e) which is derived from (R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde produces trimethylsilyl ethers of cyanohydrins with up to 90% enantiomeric excess at ambient temperature. Water plays a key role in these reactions since under strictly anhydrous conditions much lower enantiomeric excesses are produced. The role of water has been shown to be to generate dimeric complexes of the form [(salen)Ti(μ-O)]2 (4) which are the real catalyst precursors. A structure for one of these complexes (4a derived from (R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The dimeric complexes are more active than the dichloride precursors, and at substrate-to-catalyst ratios between 100 and 1000:1 give cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers with up to 92% enantiomeric excess in less than 1 h at ambient temperature.
Situation assessment in autonomous systems (2012)

For autonomous systems, it is essential to be able to identify the current state i.e to perform situation assessment, in order to determine the action to execute to ensure correct functionalities. Specifically, an autonomous system requires a supervision component with the goal to detect and to diagnose the current situation, and then to determine the self-adaptive operations. We propose a self-adaptive architecture for autonomous communicating systems in which the situation assessment process feeds the reconfiguration system with an estimation of the traffic situation so that it can decide about the reactions appropriate to cope with the dynamic changes. The estimation of the traffic situation is implemented at the transport protocol level from the time-stamped quality of service (QoS) parameters by using a learning approach. A fuzzy clustering method is used to classify the system states in classes called primitive patterns and the transitions between classes are expressed in term of events. A set of simulated network traffic scenarios are used to illustrate the main principles of the approach.
Agonist-induced closure of constitutively open γ-aminobutyric acid channels with mutated M2 domains (1997)

Ligand-gated ion channels display a fundamental property-channels remain virtually closed at rest and open upon agonist binding. Here we show that substituting alanines for either of two amino acid residues (T314 or L317) in the M2 region of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) rho1 subunit results in spontaneous channel opening in the absence of ligand. Surprisingly, for two single point mutants (T314A or L317A), application of very low concentrations of agonist partially suppressed this spontaneous current, while higher concentrations re-activated the receptors. When both of these sites were mutated (T314A/L317A), GABA nearly completely suppressed the constitutive current and did not re-activate the current even at very high concentrations. This study provides important new insights into the structure-function relationship of ligand-gated ion channels, where modification of the structure of the channel pore region not only alters the allosteric transition of the receptor protein but also reverses the polarity of agonist regulation of channel gating. Our results suggest that the sites where these two residues are located are structurally critical for channel gating.
A modular client-server discrete event simulator for networked computers (2003)

A novel simulation framework is described that uses a client-server paradigm combined with a discrete event simulator to allow the simulation modules to be distributed around a centralized core. The framework also simplifies the creation of new simulations by achieving the goals of being general purpose, easily extensible, modular, and distributed. A prototype of the client-server discrete event simulator (CS-DEVS) has been developed as a proof of concept. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the power of the new paradigm and prove the correctness of CS-DEVS. The first example is a modeling of the classical bank queuing simulation. The second example models the simulation of a distributed computing system, with complete modules for workload generation, architecture description, and scheduling and load balancing algorithms.
Long-haul WDM transmission of 448 Gbit/s polarisation-division multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation using coherent detection (2011)

The transmission of a PDM-QAM16 signal at 400 Gbit/s over 1200 km in a WDM environment is demonstrated. The WDM link carrying 40 PDM-QAM16 channels modulated at the same bit rate incorporates ultra-low-loss, large effective area fibre and erbium-doped fibre amplifiers.
Rheumatoid Factor Secretion from Human Leu-1 <sup>+</sup> B Cells (1987)

A human B cell subpopulation identifiable by the expression of the cell surface antigen Leu-1 (CD5) is responsible for most of the immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor secreted in vitro after the cells are stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus. The ability of B cells bearing the Leu-1 marker (Leu-1+) to secrete rheumatoid factor is present early in development and extends to adulthood, since Leu-1+ B cells from cord blood and from peripheral blood lymphocytes of both normal adults and patients with certain autoimmune conditions secrete rheumatoid factor in comparable amounts. The neonatal enrichment of Leu-1+ B cells, the presence of Leu-1+ B cells in increased frequencies in patients with autoimmune disease, and the involvement of Leu-1+ B cells in autoantibody secretion suggest both developmental and functional homologies between this human B cell subpopulation and the murine Ly-1 B cell subpopulation.
Planar square quadrifilar spiral antenna for mobile RFID reader (2012)

A compact planar square quadrifilar spiral antenna (QSA) for passive UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) reader is proposed and experimentally investigated. The presented RFID reader antenna consists of four spiral antennas which are fed by microstrip feed network and the 4-port antenna matching technique for QSA is used to improve radiation efficiency. Experimental results shows the proposed antenna has peak gain of 0.06 dBic, axial ratio under 3 dB in wanted frequency band, 3-dB beamwidth of 124° with good right hand circular polarization (RHCP) characteristics.
Formation elastic parameters by deriving S-wave velocity logs (1997)

The calculation of the elastic parameters (Poisson's ratio, Bulk modulus, Rigidity modulus, Lame's constant and Young's modulus) of a formation requires P sonic, S sonic and density logs. Where S sonic logs do not exist, they can be derived from a P sonic log and Vp/Vs ratios for each formation. The Vp/Vs values can be interpreted from other wells by statistical analysis of the Vp/Vs ratio of the formations in the region, predetermined values from lithology and P- and S-wave velocities from other analyses. Software to perform this calculation has been developed. Formation elastic parameters were calculated for four wells in the Blackfoot field in Southern Alberta. The elastic parameters allow further interpretation of the substructure. Vp/Vs, for example, has been shown to be a good indicator of lithology, including delineation of reservoir sands and shale content.
Topologically constrained bifunctional intercalators: DNA intercalation by a macrocyclic bisacridine (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTopologically constrained bifunctional intercalators: DNA intercalation by a macrocyclic bisacridineSteven C. Zimmerman, Carol R. Lamberson, Michael Cory, and Terri A. FairleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 17, 6805–6809Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00199a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00199a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views337Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pulsed Nano-Electrospray Ionization: Characterization of Temporal Response and Implementation with a Flared Inlet Capillary (2009)

The temporal response of pulsed nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-MS) was studied and its influence on ion formation and detection was characterized. Rise and decay times for the mass resolved ion current were determined to be 20 ± 3 msec and 61 ± 5 msec, respectively, which led to a maximum pulse rate of 12 Hz. Pulsed nano-ESI operation was demonstrated from a multi-sprayer source controlled by a high voltage pulsing circuit constructed in-house. The desired source mode of operation (e.g. pulsing or continuous) can be realized solely by controlling the voltage applied to each sprayer.
Characterization of the Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential of the Vestibular Nerve (2010)

Vestibular ECAPs exhibit similar morphology and growth characteristics to cochlear ECAPs from human cochlear implant patients. The ECAP measure is well correlated with the functional activation of eye movements by electrical stimulation after implantation surgery. The intraoperative ECAP recording technique is an efficient tool to guide the placement of electrode array into the semicircular canals.
On the (un)reliability of eavesdropping (2013)

Abstract: We investigate the reliability of current generation eavesdropping tools and show that obtaining “high fidelity ” transcripts is harder than previously assumed. Even in situations highly favorable to the eavesdropper, simple unilateral countermeasures are shown to be sufficient to prevent all tested systems from reliably reconstructing communicated messages. Less than a third of the tested systems report irregularities, and 45 % incorrectly interpret covertext chosen by the sending party. Unlike cryptography or steganography, the techniques introduced require no cooperation by the communicating parties and, in some case, can be employed entirely by a third party not involved in the communication at all.
Metal artifact reduction for CT: Development, implementation, and clinical comparison of a generic and a scanner-specific technique (2012)

Both methods are effective for metal artifact reduction, but better performance was observed for the method that is based on correcting the original raw data. The used evaluation technique provides an objective way of evaluating the metal artifacts in clinical CT images.
Content and License Roaming for eHome DRM Applications (2005)

In this paper, we provide a status report on our ongoing research project to develop a multimedia DRM system which provides seamless content and license roaming among devices for eHome applications. Fine granularity scalable video and audio codecs are selected to compress multimedia content for our multimedia DRM system. A compressed scalable stream is encrypted by our DRM system in such a way that an encrypted stream preserves fine granularity scalability so that protected content can be transcoded directly without decryption to meet target device’s characteristics. This fine granularity scalability of protected content is also very desired for eHome streaming applications when content is streamed from one device to other devices over a home wireless network since the bandwidth of a wireless network may fluctuate greatly, esp. when a device moves from one place to another. To facilitate easy license roaming among devices, a main home device such as PC is selected to act as a mini-license-server to issue restricted licenses to other devices according to the specified rights in the “main license” stored with the main device. Each “secondary device” has to be registered with the main device before a restricted license can be issued to it. There is a limit on maximum number of registered devices as well as on turnover rate. A restricted license is valid for a limited duration of time to allow a device to play protected content offline. Restricted license in a portable device has a longer duration than fixed devices to allow protected content to be played in a trip. Restricted licenses are synchronized periodically with the main license to ensure persistent rights management among allow all devices according to the specified rights in the main license.
An Incremental File System Consistency Checker for Block-Level CDP Systems (2008)

A block-level continuous data protection (CDP) system logs every disk block update from an application server (e.g., a file or DBMS server) to a storage system so that any disk updates within a time window are undoable, and thus is able to provide a more flexible and efficient data protection service than conventional periodic data backup systems. Unfortunately, no existing block-level CDP systems can support arbitrary point-in-time snapshots that are guaranteed to be consistent with respect to the metadata of the application server. This deficiency seriously limits the flexibility in recovery point objective (RTO) of block-level CDP systems from the standpoint of the application servers whose data they protect. This paper describes an incremental file system check mechanism (iFSCK) that is designed to address this deficiency for file servers, and exploits file system-specific knowledge to quickly fix an arbitrary point-in-time block-level snapshot so that it is consistent with respect to file system metadata. Performance measurements taken from a fully operational iFSCK prototype show that iFSCK can turn a 10 GB point-in-time block-level snapshot to be file-system consistent in less than 1 second, and takes less than 25% of the time required by the Fsck utility for vanilla ext3 under relaxed metadata consistency requirements.
From Xenobiotic to Antibiotic, Formation of Protoanemonin from 4-Chlorocatechol by Enzymes of the 3-Oxoadipate Pathway (1995)

Chloroaromatics, a major class of industrial pollutants, may be oxidatively metabolized to chlorocatechols by soil and water microorganisms that have evolved catabolic activities toward these xenobiotics. We show here that 4-chlorocatechol can be further transformed by enzymes of the ubiquitous 3-oxoadipate pathway. However, whereas chloromuconate cycloisomerases catalyze the dechlorination of 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate to form cis-dienelactone, muconate cycloisomerases catalyze a novel reaction, i.e. the dechlorination and concomitant decarboxylation to form 4-methylenebut-2-en-4-olide (protoanemonin), an ordinarily plant-derived antibiotic that is toxic to microorganisms.
입양제도 개선 방안에 관한 연구 (2018)

미성년자 입양의 궁극적인 목적은 양자의 복리를 실현하는 것이고, 이를 위해서는 기본적으로 충분한 자격을 가진 양부모가 전제되어야 할 것이다. 과거 우리 입양법은 국가적 개입 없이 당사자들의 자유로운 의사에 의한 입양을 허용했었으나, 이로 인한 많은 문제점으로 미성년자의 입양에 대한 법원의 허가를 요건으로 하는 개정이 최근에 있었다.
그러나 법원 허가만으로는 입양의 성공을 보장할 수는 없으며, 양부모 될 자의 자격에 대한 철저하고 객관적인 조사, 예비 양부모에 대한 교육, 실제 문제 발생에 있어서의 해결을 위한 관련 지식의 제공, 입양기관 실무가들의 전문성 및 객관성 등이 보장되지 않는다면, 양부모에 의한 입양아동의 학대라는 사회적 문제는 여전히 되풀이 될 수밖에 없다.
사실 우리 사회에서 나타나는 입양 관련 문제의 배경은 우리 입양제도의 역사와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 국제 입양의 시작을 우리나라의 전쟁고아에 대한 외국 양부모의 입양으로 보는 시각이 있을 정도로 우리나라는 국제입양에서 차지하는 비중이 큰 나라에 해당한다. 그럼에도 정부 또는 공공기관이 입양의 전반적인 절차에 관여하는 외국과는 달리 우리는 역사적⋅사회적 이유로 민간 입양기관 주도로 입양이 이루어져 왔고, 이는 현재에도 마찬가지이다. 그리고 외국의 경우 입양에 있어서 가장 중요한 부분인 양부모 될 자에 대한 조사 및 심사는 정부 또는 공공기관에 의해 수행되고 있으며, 특히 외국의 민간 입양기관의 주된 업무는 입양 가능한 아동에 대한 소개나 입양 후의 서비스 등으로 한정되어 있다. 우리 또한 정부 또는 공공기관에서 기존에 민간 입양기관들의 업무였던 입양기관 실무자들에 대한 자격심사⋅교육, 예비 양부모에 대한 교육, 입양전제 가정위탁을 위한 결정⋅관리 등을 전담함으로써 우리의 입양제도의 운용에 대한 객관화, 절차에 대한 일원화를 기대할 수 있을 것이다.
그러나 무엇보다도 헤이그국제아동입양협약의 대원칙과 같이 입양보다는 원가정 보호가 가장 우선이라는 인식의 전환이 필요하다. 즉 경제적, 사회적 도움을 통해 가능한 한 친부모가 자녀를 양육할 수 있는 환경을 제공하는 것이 우선되어야 하고, 친부모에 의한 양육이 불가능한 경우에, 친족에 의한 입양을 고려할 수 있을 것이며, 이마 저도 불가능한 경우에 국내 입양과 국제 입양을 순차적으로 고려해야 하는 것이다. 헤이그국제아동입양협약 가입을 위한 입양법 개정을 위해서는 입양은 최선책이 아니라 최후의 대안이라는 점이 전제되어야 할 것이다.
Electroluminescence from a Quantum-Well LED using NEGF (2009)

Nonequilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) are employed to model carrier transport and luminescence in a single-quantum-well light-emitting diode (LED). The sound theoretical formalism allows for a consistent description of coherence loss as well as fundamental scattering mechanisms and reveals details about physical phenomena such as the quantum-confined Stark and Franz-Keldysh effects, tunneling and carrier capture. A comparison to semiclassical results is made and similarities as well as differences are highlighted.
HENRY JAMES, DAUDET, AND OXFORD (1966)

HENRY JAMES, DAUDET, AND OXFORD Get access JOHN C. MAJOR JOHN C. MAJOR Pennsylvania State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 13, Issue 2, February 1966, Pages 69–70, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/13-2-69 Published: 01 February 1966
Semiautomatic simplification (2001)

We present semisimp, a tool for semiautomatic simplification of three dimensional polygonal models. Existing automatic simplification technology is quite mature, but is not sensitive to the heightened importance of distinct semantic model regions such as faces and limbs, nor to simplification constraints imposed by model usage such as animation. semisimp allows users to preserve such regions by intervening in the simplification process. Users can manipulate the order in which basic simplifications are applied to redistribute model detail, improve the simplified models themselves by repositioning vertices with propagation to neighboring levels of detail, and adjust the hierarchical partitioning of the model surface to segment simplification and improve control of reordering and position propagation.
Direct comparison of catalyst-free and catalyst-induced GaN nanowires (2010)

GaN nanowires have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy either catalyst-free or catalyst-induced by means of Ni seeds. Under identical growth conditions of temperature and V/III ratio, both types of GaN nanowires are of wurtzite structure elongated in the Ga-polar direction and are constricted by M-plane facets. However, the catalyst-induced nanowires contain many more basal-plane stacking faults and their photoluminescence is weaker. These differences can be explained as effects of the catalyst Ni seeds.
Synthesis of β-Lactam Scaffolds for Ditopic Peptidomimetics (2006)

[reaction: see text] Ring opening of alpha-substituted-alpha-methoxycarbonyl-N-nosylaziridines provides a practical access to enantiopure alpha,alpha'-disubstituted beta-lactam scaffolds, novel types of ditopic reverse turn surrogates. The procedure is general, short, and high yielding and starts from handy alpha-substituted serinates and alpha-amino acid derivatives.
Utilization of Crosslinked Starch Nanoparticles as a Carrier for Indomethacin and Acyclovir Drugs (2015)

An eco-friendly nanoprecipitation technique was put forward to synthesize native starch nanoparticles loaded with insoluble drugs such as indomethacin (IND) and Acyclovir (ACV). Factors studied to find out the optimum conditions for preparation of different formulations of crosslinked starch nanoparticles (TPP-StNPs) loaded with insoluble drugs. The factors are 20 mg, 50 mg of drug concentration and 0.5, 1 g of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) while the concentration of starch and surfactant were kept constant. World-class facilities as particle size analyzer, poly dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy and DSc were used for evaluation of the resultant crosslinked starch nanoparticles loaded with drug. The sustained release of drugs were evaluated using entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. The data obtained confirmed that there is no chemical interaction between drug (IND, ACV) and crosslinked starch nanoparticles. The results indicate that the best formula for IND loaded starch nanoparticles was 0.5 g STPP and 20 mg IND while the best formula for ACV nanoparticles was at 0.5 g STPP and 50 mg ACV drug.
Synthesis of Acetyl and Iodo Derivatives of 4‐Hydroxy‐6‐phenyl‐<i>6H</i>‐pyrano[3,2‐<i>c</i>]pyridine‐2,5‐diones and 4‐Hydroxy‐1‐phenylpyridin‐2(1<i>H</i>)‐ones (2016)

A simple and efficient method has been described for the synthesis of acetyl and iodo derivatives of 4‐hydroxy‐6‐phenyl‐ 6H ‐pyrano[3,2‐ c ]pyridine‐2,5‐diones 1 and 4‐hydroxy‐1‐phenylpyridin‐2(1 H )‐ones 5 . Compounds 1 with phenyl and alkyl substituent at C(7) and C(8), respectively, can be easily acetylated by refluxing in a mixture of acetic acid and polyphosphoric acid to give 3‐acetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐phenyl‐6 H ‐pyrano[3,2‐ c ]pyridine‐2,5‐diones 2 in excellent yields. Compounds 1 and 5 can be iodinated with iodine and anhydrous sodium carbonate in boiling dioxane to give 4‐hydroxy‐3‐iodo‐6‐phenyl‐ 6H ‐pyrano[3,2‐ c ]pyridine‐2,5‐diones 3 and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐iodo‐1‐phenylpyridin‐2(1 H )‐ones 6 , respectively, in good yields. The structures were confirmed using infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance , and elemental analysis.