gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Significance of CD20 and FMC7 Expression in B-Cell Disorders (2003)

We analyzed by flow cytometry the expression of CD20 and FMC7 in cell suspensions from 932 patients, including 630 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 23 cases of other B-cell leukemias, and 279 cases of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-cell NHL). CD20 was positive in 94.5% of cases; FMC7 was positive in 35.7%. There was a correlation between CD20 and FMC7 expression in patients with B-cell NHL (P < .001) but not CLL (P = .1). We also tested a scoring system in which FMC7 was replaced by CD20 and compared it with our current scoring system for CLL. With this modification, the accuracy of the scoring system for differentiating CLL from other non-CLL disorders fell from 94.4% to 81.5%. In CD20+ CLL, the intensity of CD20 expression correlated with FMC7 and low scores (P < .001 for both comparisons). We suggest that the particular conformation of CD20 recognized by FMC7 is manifested only in cells with strong CD20 expression, which is not the case for CLL. FMC7 is of greater diagnostic value than CD20 for distinguishing CLL from other B-cell disorders; we recommend its continued use for this purpose.
Use of Data Layering to Address Changes in Nitrogen Management Zone Delineation (2006)

Use of N management zones appears to be a practical method of revealing dominant patterns of residual soil nitrate in North Dakota crop fields, where fall soil nitrate sampling is a common N management tool. Delineation of zone boundaries to date has been a largely subjective process. A weighted, classified method of delineating nitrogen management zones is presented. Soil electrical conductivity sensor measurements, aerial color photography, Landsat 7 satellite NDVI imagery, and yield maps were divided into five classes using natural break algorithms to separate data into classes. Five zones of topographic relief, and Order 1 soil surveys were also used as classes. Soil sampling was conducted in a 33-m grid in a 12.5 ha field. Areas within zones produced from classification were given residual soil nitrate values based on mean zone interior nitrate sampling. The resulting meta-data was compared with a base 33-m sampling grid nitrate analysis for the 12.5 ha field. Layers of data were also combined, classified into zones, and compared with the base grid. Combinations of layers were generally superior in correlation values, compared with individual layers.
Generation and Carbonyl Addition Reactions of Dibromofluoromethyllithium Derived from Tribromofluoromethane as Applied to the Stereoselective Synthesis of Fluoro Olefins and 2-Bromo-2-fluoro-1,3-alkanediols (1998)

Abstract The treatment of tribromofluoromethane with BuLi in THF–Et2O (2 : 1) at −130 °C generated dibromofluoromethyllithium, which was allowed to react smoothly with a coexisting aldehyde or ketone (RR′C=O) to give fluorinated alcohol RR′C(OH)CFBr2 (3) in good yield. Alcohol 3 was converted stereoselectively to (E)-1-bromo-1,2-difluoro olefin 5 via fluorination with Et2NSF3, followed by dehydrobromination with lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide, while (E)-1-bromo-1-fluoro olefin was obtained with high selectivity by acetylation of 3, followed by reductive elimination using EtMgBr/(i-Pr)2NH. Difluoro olefin 5 underwent a cross-coupling reaction with an aryl, alkenyl, or alkynylmetal reagent to afford the corresponding fluoro olefin with retention of configuration. On the other hand, the treatment of RCH[OCH2O(CH2)2OCH3]CFBr2 with BuLi at −130 °C in the presence of 4-heptanone gave the corresponding adduct diastereoselectively. The stereochemical outcome is explained in terms of chelation between lithium and oxygen atoms of the (2-methoxyethoxy)methyl group. Starting with 2-phenylpropanal, a product is obtained highly selectively containing three contiguous stereocenters including a –CFBr– moiety.
Modeling and control of steering using road way magnets (2008)

Automated steering control is a crucial element of vehicle automation. The California PATH Program at the University of California at Berkeley has developed one such system using magnetic markers embedded under the roadway for lateral guidance. This system was demonstrated during the August 1997 National Automated Highway System Consortium Feasibility Demonstration, San Diego, CA, without a single failure. Developing a successful demonstration system not only required theoretical understanding of the various control problems involved, but also strong appreciation of all practical issues. In this paper, the comprehensive process of developing such automated steering control system is described. This process consists of control objectives' determination, system structure definition, vehicle dynamics validation, lateral sensing system development, steering actuator design, test track installation, control algorithm development, software/hardware integration, and vehicle testing. The entire process also serves as a good case study for mechatronic system design integrating mechanical components, electronic devices, intelligence, and feedback control to perform vehicle automation functions.
Overview of measurement-based connection admission control methods in ATM networks (1999)

An overview is given of previously-proposed measurement-based connection admission control (CAC) methods. First we address requirements for CAC methods, and then provide a taxonomy for CAC methods. Measurement-based CAC methods are discussed in detail, classified according to the taxonomy, and compared against each other with respect to the requirements. We conclude that measurement-based CAC methods based on effective bandwidth and bufferless models are promising because they do not require complex hardware and are less dependent on assumptions regarding traffic than methods in which the effect of buffer is considered.
Antioxidant Activity and Protective Effect Against Plasmid DNA Strand Scission of Leaf, Bark, and Heartwood Extracts from  <i>Acacia catechu</i> (2011)

The present investigation suggests that the three organs of A. catechu differ significantly in their antioxidant potential as seen in the DPPH radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, metal ion chelating assay, superoxide radical scavenging assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Further, our results showed that crude methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of heartwood of A. catechu might have a good potential as a source for natural health products due to its antioxidant and DNA protective activities.
A Pyrolysis Product, Anhydroecgonine Methyl Ester (Methylecgonidine), is in the Urine of Cocaine Smokers (1990)

A method using combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for determination of the cocaine pyrolysis product anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME) in urine is described. Using this method, we found that human subjects who smoked cocaine under laboratory conditions excreted substantial amounts of AEME in their urine. Little, if any, AEME was excreted in the urine when the same subjects were administered cocaine by intravenous and intranasal routes. AEME may be a useful marker for cocaine (crack) smoking. The pharmacology of AEME is unknown. The possibility that AEME may play a role in the effects associated with cocaine smoking needs to be examined.
Neutral and Cationic Platinum(II) Complexes Supported by a P,N-Functionalized Indene Ligand:  Structural and Reactivity Comparisons with a Related Gold(III) Zwitterion (2006)

The structural and reactivity properties of new Pt(II) and Au(III) complexes featuring κ2-2-NMe2-3-PiPr2-indene (1b) or κ2-2-NMe2-3-PiPr2-indenide (1c) ancillary ligands are examined. Complex [1c]AuMe2 (3), a formally zwitterionic relative of the neutral complex [1b]PtMe2 (2b), was prepared in 41% isolated yield from [1c]Li and 0.5 [Me2AuCl]2. Whereas 2b was observed to react with H2O, Ph3SiH, and PhSiH3 over 48 h at 50 °C, complex 3 proved unreactive under these reaction conditions. Similarly, 2b exhibited modest catalytic activity for the addition of triethylsilane to styrene, while no conversion was achieved by use of 3 as a catalyst. Observations made during the course of examining the catalytic abilities of [1b]PtClMe (7) and 7/AgX (X = BF4 or OTf) for this addition reaction prompted the rational preparation of the dinuclear cation [{(1b)PtMe}2Cl]+BF4- ([8]+BF4-; 61%) as well as the monomeric cations [(1b)PtMeL]+BF4- (L = SMe2, [9]+BF4-, 77%; L = MeCN, [10]+BF4-, 84%). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data are provided for 2b, 3, [8]+BF4-, and [9]+BF4-.
A web services-based business interactions manager to support electronic commerce applications (2005)

Electronic commerce applications (e-commerce) need connecting technologies to support the external, agreed-upon or flexible business processes. This requires a specification of these types of business processes with a business interactions and connection-oriented perspective in order to compose them from the existing assets of the enterprise, partners, and suppliers. This work advocates a conceptualization of the business interactions perspective (of a business modeling) as an approach to specify: (1) the business processes as abstract (virtual) entities implemented as dynamic connections among actual entities that are the business functions and objects (as implemented in the inter-organizational information systems), and (2) the requirements for a connecting technology, that is Web services, to make it an enabler of two categories of e-commerce interactions: B2C and B2B.The approach consists of: (1) abstracting, specifying (in terms of activities), and categorizing the business interactions into enterprise, customers, suppliers, and partners' interactions, (2) insulating the core business activities from the interaction activities to make these two types of activities independent, (3) dedicating to the interaction activities a specific artifact termed business interactions manager (BIM), (3) specifying the functionality of the BIM. This specification aims at overcoming the limitations of the current technologies, especially the de facto connecting technology, that is Web services, in order to specify a Web services-based BIM as a backbone of Web services-oriented architecture (WSOA), and (4) implementing a specific instance of the Web services-based BIM for each category of e-commerce with regard to the business specifics.The paper proposes guidance for deploying WSOA enabler of e-commerce through steady instantiations of the Web services-based BIM.
Ammonium Boranes for the Selective Complexation of Cyanide or Fluoride Ions in Water (2007)

With the recognition of aqueous fluoride and cyanide ions as an objective, we have investigated the anion binding properties of two isomeric ammonium boranes, namely [p-(Mes2B)C6H4(NMe3)]+ ([1]+) and [o-(Mes2B)C6H4(NMe3)]+ ([2]+). These cationic boranes, which could be obtained by reaction of the known 4- and 2-dimesitylboryl-N,N-dimethylaniline with MeOTf, have been investigated both experimentally and computationally. They both react with fluoride and cyanide ions in organic solvents to afford the corresponding fluoroborate/ or cyanoborate/ammonium zwitterions 1F, 1CN, 2F, and 2CN. In aqueous solution, however, these cationic boranes behave as remarkably selective receptors. Indeed, [1]+ only complexes cyanide ions while [2]+ only complexes fluoride ions. In H2O/DMSO 60:40 vol (HEPES 6 mM, pH 7), the cyanide binding constant of [1]+ and the fluoride binding constant of [2]+ are respectively equal to 3.9 (+/-0.1) x 108 and 910 (+/-50) M-1. Structural and computational studies indicate that both steric and electronic effects contribute to the unusual selectivity displayed by these cationic boranes. Owing to favorable Coulombic effects, the para-derivative [1]+ has a very high affinity for cyanide; yet these effects are not sufficiently intense to allow complexation of the more efficiently hydrated and less basic fluoride anion. In the case of the ortho-derivative [2]+, the proximity of the ammonium moiety leads to an increase in the Lewis acidity of the boron center thus making fluoride binding possible. However, steric effects prevent cyanide coordination to the boron center of [2]+. Finally, cation [1]+ and [2]+ bind their dedicated anions reversibly and show a negligible response in the presence of other common anions including Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, OAc-, H2PO4-, and HSO4-.
Efficient velocity model building for prestack depth migration (1996)

Prestack depth migration is capable of imaging subsurface reflectors in the presence of severe lateral velocity gradients. However, to produce accurate images of such structures using prestack depth migration, it is critical to build an accurate velocity model. The velocity model building should be data driven and based upon offset consistency; that is, images from different offsets must be identical to one another if the velocity model is correct. Velocity model building is typically iterative and requires many runs of computationally-intensive prestack depth migration.
<i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>, a Worldwide Cause of Salmonid Whirling Disease (1990)

Salmonid whirling disease was discovered in Europe in 1893 and has since been spread around the world with shipments of cultured and wild fish. The causative agent is the protozoan parasite Myxobolus cerebralis, whose taxonomy and life cycle remain controversial. It causes lesions of salmonid skeletal tissues, particularly in the head. Diagnosis usually is straightforward, but can be complicated by the presence of other Myxobolus species and by other parasites that cause fish to whirl. The pathogen is difficult to eradicate, but its seriousness can be managed if fish are cultured in spore-free source water, in concrete raceways with strong water flows, or in ponds that are regularly disinfected, and if they are constantly monitored for the presence of spores. Fish can carry M. cerebralis spores and still be healthy. Such fish may be suitable for stocking into waters already containing M. cerebralis, and even for human consumption.
Abstract #2868: Thymidine Kinase 1, a molecular target for immunotherapy is overexpressed in the plasma membrane of lymphoma cells (2009)

Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1), an important nucleotide salvage pathway enzyme, has been shown to be upregulated in most malignant cancers. Recent studies have shown this essential enzyme not only has diagnostic and prognostic value, but TK1 could also be used as a molecular target for therapeutic treatments. TK1 has been shown to be a possible molecular target for neutron capture therapy in brain tumors. Other studies have explored the potential of TK1 as a therapeutic target in many solid tumors, including breast, colon, and prostate. This particular study provides insight on the reality of TK1 as a therapeutic target in lymphoma. This insight was provided by analyzing the localization of TK1 in lymphoblastoid cells derived from Burkitt\#8217;s lymphoma (Raji cells). The cells were lysed and the membranes were separated by centrifugation. The membranes were then fractionated further, using sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, in order to discriminate the inner membranes from the plasma membranes. Healthy, normal lymphocytes were lysed and fractionated simultaneously as a negative control. The plasma membranes and inner membranes of each specimen were collected and the samples were assayed for TK1 activity using the TK radioassay. This assay was run with both ATP and CTP in order to calculate relative percentage values of both human isoforms: TK1 and TK2. The preliminary results showed TK1 99% of enzyme activity expressed in the plasma membrane of healthy lymphocytes. In contrast, results from the plasma membrane of the Raji cells showed TK1>60% and TK2 Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2868.
EPEEC: comprehensive SPICE-compatible reluctance extraction for high-speed interconnects above lossy multilayer substrates (2005)

With continuous advances in radio-frequency (RF) mixed-signal very large scale integration (VLSI) technology, the creation of eddy currents in lossy multilayer substrates has made the already complicated interconnect analysis and modeling issue more challenging. To account for substrate losses, traditional electromagnetic methods are often computationally prohibitive for today's VLSI geometries. In this paper, an accurate and efficient interconnect modeling approach-the eddy-current-aware partial equivalent element circuit (EPEEC)-is proposed. Based on complex image theory, it extends the traditional partial equivalent element circuit (PEEC) model to simultaneously take multilayer substrate eddy-current losses and frequency-dependent effects into consideration. To accommodate even larger scale on-chip interconnect networks, EPEEC develops a new simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE)-compatible reluctance extraction algorithm by applying sparsification in the inverse inductance domain with an extended window algorithm. Compared with several industry standard inductance and full-wave solvers, such as FastHenry and Sonnet, EPEEC demonstrates within 1.5% accuracy while providing over 100/spl times/ speedup.
Electroforming of Perforated Products (1975)

SummaryElectroforming of perforated products is done on a conductive substrate (matrix), provided with a nonconducting pattern. Different types of matrices and their manufacture are discussed. The cross-sectional shape of the holes and the relationship between thickness and adjacent perforations and the laws of electroforming governing them are discussed. The manufacture of some typical electroformed products is outlined.
Automatic Range Changer for Beckman GC-2 Gas Chromatographs (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAutomatic Range Changer for Beckman GC-2 Gas ChromatographsD. J. Darling, F. D. Miller, R. C. Bartsch, and F. M. TrentCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 1, 144Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60157a051RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (136 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Pruning the decimation-in-time FFT algorithm with frequency shift (1986)

Fourier transformed components within desired narrow-band can be efficiently calculated by the pruned version of the decimation-in-time FFT algorithm. A new pruning method is proposed here which invloves frequency shift. The shifting simplifies the pruning algorithm because its flowgraph has a repetitive pattern of butterflies between adjacent stages.
FUSION OF LEARNING AUTOMATA TO OPTIMIZE MULTI-CONSTRAINT PROBLEM (2015)

This paper aims to introduce an effective classification method of learning for partitioning the data in statistical spaces. The work is based on using multi-constraint partitioning on the stochastic learning automata. Stochastic learning automata with fixed or variable stru ctures are a reinforcement learning method. Having no information about optimized operation, such models try to find an answer to a problem. Converging speed in such algorithms in solving different problems and their route to the answer is so that they pro duce a proper condition if the answer is obtained. However, despite all tricks to prevent the algorithm involvement with local optimal, the algorithms do not perform well for problems with a lot of spread local optimal points and give no good answer. In th is paper, the fusion of stochastic learning automata algorithms has been used to solve given problems and provide a centralized control mechanism. Looking at the results, is found that the recommended algorithm for partitioning constraints and finding opti mization problems are suitable in terms of time and speed, and given a large number of samples, yield a learning rate of 97.92%. In addition, the test results clearly indicate increased accuracy and significant efficiency of recommended systems compared wi th single model systems based on different methods of learning automata.
Surface-expressed enolases of Plasmodium and other pathogens (2011)

Enolase is the eighth enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, a reaction that generates ATP from phosphoenol pyruvate in cytosolic compartments. Enolase is essential, especially for organisms devoid of the Krebs cycle that depend solely on glycolysis for energy. Interestingly, enolase appears to serve a separate function in some organisms, in that it is also exported to the cell surface via a poorly understood mechanism. In these organisms, surface enolase assists in the invasion of their host cells by binding plasminogen, an abundant plasma protease precursor. Binding is mediated by the interaction between a lysine motif of enolase with Kringle domains of plasminogen. The bound plasminogen is then cleaved by specific proteases to generate active plasmin. Plasmin is a potent serine protease that is thought to function in the degradation of the extracellular matrix surrounding the targeted host cell, thereby facilitating pathogen invasion. Recent work revealed that the malaria parasite Plasmodium also expresses surface enolase, and that this feature may be essential for completion of its life cycle. The therapeutic potential of targeting surface enolases of pathogens is discussed.
A male-determining factor in the mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (2015)

Sex determination in the mosquito Aedes aegypti is governed by a dominant male-determining factor (M factor) located within a Y chromosome-like region called the M locus. Here, we show that an M-locus gene, Nix, functions as an M factor in A. aegypti. Nix exhibits persistent M linkage and early embryonic expression, two characteristics required of an M factor. Nix knockout with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 resulted in largely feminized genetic males and the production of female isoforms of two key regulators of sexual differentiation: doublesex and fruitless. Ectopic expression of Nix resulted in genetic females with nearly complete male genitalia. Thus, Nix is both required and sufficient to initiate male development. This study provides a foundation for mosquito control strategies that convert female mosquitoes into harmless males.