gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactions among receptors, thyroid hormone response elements, and ligands in the regulation of the rat uncoupling protein gene expression by thyroid hormone. (1996)

Uncoupling protein (UCP) is essential to the thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Thyroid hormone stimulates the rat UCP gene through two thyroid hormone response elements (TRE) located upstream of -2,300 and separated by 27 bp. They are an everted repeat (upstream TRE or upTRE) and a direct repeat (down-stream TRE or dnTRE). The goal of the present studies was to investigate whether these TREs interact and how such an interaction could contribute to explain the UCP responsiveness to T3 in vivo. We therefore aimed to define: the heterodimeric partner of the T3 receptor (T3R); the role of T3 in the receptor-receptor and receptors-DNA interactions; how such in vitro interactions relate to the enhancer function of TREs; and how the two TREs interact. Studies included electrophoretic mobility shift assays, utilizing T3R and retinoid X receptors (RXR); DNA footprinting; and transient transfections of HIB-1B cells, a BAT-derived cell line. As in many previously described TREs, the partner of the T3R is RXR. The unliganded T3Rs bind to the TREs as homodimers, which act as repressors of transcription. T3 reduces the binding of T3R homodimers, hence relieving the repression, and stimulates the binding of heterodimers and transcription in proportion to the heterodimer binding to the elements. Although qualitatively similar in these regards, there were important quantitative differences between both TREs. The upTRE binds more T3R homodimers and less T3R-RXR heterodimers than the dnTRE, and T3 more readily facilitates heterodimer binding to the dn- than to the upTRE. These in vitro characteristics are reflected in a lower efficiency of T3 to relieve T3R homodimer-mediated repression and to stimulate transcription through up-than through dnTRE. There were also significant interactions between the two TREs both in the binding of the receptors, T3R and RXR, and in the responsiveness to T3. By itself, each TRE responded modestly to T3, upTRE with lower sensitivity and dnTRE with higher sensitivity than traditional TREs, whereas together, in the context of the gene sequence, they mediated a response greater than the sum of those mediated by each TRE separately, with an intermediate sensitivity to T3. Thus, two TREs that are inadequate to explain the responsiveness of the UCP gene to T3, together form a complex unit appropriate for the regulation of the gene by thyroid hormone. These interactions represent yet another way TREs can shape up the responsiveness of genes to thyroid hormone.
The Putative Alpha Helix 2 of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpr Contains a Determinant Which Is Responsible for the Nuclear Translocation of Proviral DNA in Growth-Arrested Cells (1998)

Several viral determinants were shown to play a role in the ability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to infect nondividing cells. In particular, Vpr and Gag matrix (MA) were recognized to be involved in the nuclear transport of the viral preintegration complex. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the ability of isogenic HIV-1 viruses harboring different vpr and gag genes to infect nondividing cells. Surprisingly, our results reveal that the introduction of mutations in the MA nuclear localization signal marginally affected the ability of proviruses to establish infection in growth-arrested HeLa or MT4 cells. In contrast, we show that in our experimental system, the absence of Vpr expression leads to a reduction in viral infectivity and production which correlates with a decrease in the synthesis and nuclear transport of proviral DNA as determined by PCR analysis. Moreover, our data demonstrate that this reduction of viral replication is also observed with proviruses containing different mutated Vpr alleles. In particular, the Vpr Q65E mutant, which contains a substitution in the second predicted amphipathic alpha-helical structure located in the central region of the protein, is associated with an impairment of the protein nuclear localization and a concomitant reduction of the nuclear transport of proviral DNA. The results of this study provide evidence that a putative amphipathic alpha-helical structure in the central region of Vpr contains a determinant involved in the nuclear translocation of the preintegration complex in nondividing cells.
Curve and surface fitting with splines (1993)

Part 1 Spline functions: univariate splines bivariate splines. Part 2 Curve fitting: an introduction least-squares spline curve fitting smoothing spline curve fitting more smoothing spline curves fitting with convexity constraints. Part 3 Surface fitting: an introduction scattered data surface fitting mesh data surface fitting more scattered data smoothing more mesh data smoothing Part 4 Fitpack: available software.
Distributed protocols for access arbitration in tree-structured communication channels (1991)

The problem of arbitrating access to a tree-structured communication channel, with large geographic extent, providing multipoint communication among a set of terminals, is considered. Terminals transmit information in bursts consisting of many packets and compete for the right to transmit bursts. In the simplest case, the channel allows only one terminal to transmit at a time; this can be extended to k concurrent transmitters. Two general approaches are identified. The first is based on the idea of transmit permits or tokens; that is, a terminal must have explicit permission to transmit before starting a burst. The second approach allows terminals to transmit whenever the number of bursts they can observe from their vantage point is less than the limiting number; the network then performs arbitration internally, possibly aborting some bursts in the process, to prevent too many bursts from being active on a link at one time. Several specific access arbitration algorithms based on these approaches are presented and assessed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel antibiotic resistance transfer in Bacteroides (1982)

Resistance to tetracycline and lincosamide antibiotics was transferred en bloc from a strain of Bacteroides fragilis (V503) to a plasmidless strain of Bacteroides uniformis (V528) during in vitro filter matings. Resistance transfer was detected at frequencies of 10(-5) to 10(-6) drug-resistant progeny per input donor cell and was dependent on cell-to-cell contact of donors and recipients. Transfer was insensitive to DNase and was not mediated by chloroform- or filter-sterilized donor broth cultures. A determinant for resistance to cefoxitin in V503 was not transferred in this system. V503 contained a 3.7 x 10(6)-dalton plasmid (pVA503). Drug-resistant progeny of V503 x V528 matings usually contained pVA503, but up to 20% of the total progeny of such crosses were plasmid free. Filter blot DNA hybridization studies (Southern method) confirmed that pVA503 was not integrated into the host chromosome of the plasmidless progeny. Drug-resistant progeny from V503 x V528 matings (with or without pVA503) conjugally transferred clindamycin resistance an tetracycline resistance to a suitable recipient strain. None of the drug resistance determinants of V503 were affected by treatment with standard plasmid curing regimens, and methods designed to detect very large plasmid molecules failed to suggest the involvement of extrachromosomal DNA in this resistance transfer system. The well-characterized Bacteroides R plasmid, pBF4 (conferring clindamycin resistance), was found to share hybridizing sequences with bulk cellular V503 DNA when examined by filter blot hybridization. Similarly sized sequences were found in drug-resistant progeny recovered from matings. Neither of the two pBF4 derivatives carrying deletions that abolished clindamycin resistance hybridized with V503 DNA.
Flexible silk fibroin films modified by genipin and glycerol (2015)

A novel flexible silk fibroin film with less cytotoxicity has been fibricated through adding genipin (GP) and glycerol (Gl).
Two-step growth of high-quality GaN by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy (2000)

The use of a low-temperature layer of GaN formed by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy (HVPE) as a template to grow high-quality HVPE films is demonstrated. Using layers formed by reacting GaCl and NH3 at 550 °C and annealed at a growth temperature of 1050 °C, thick films of GaN can be grown by HVPE with fewer than 108 dislocations per cm2. Dislocation densities measured by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, atomic-force microscopy step termination density and plan-view transmission electron miscroscopy reveal that ∼23 μm films have dislocation densities of ∼6×107 cm−2. Obtaining high-quality single-crystal character films was found to be dependent on several factors, most importantly, the rate of temperature increase to growth temperature and the layer thickness.
Canine Hemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcoma: A Proliferative Disorder of CD11d+ Macrophages (2006)

Histiocytic disorders of dogs include histiocytoma, localized histiocytic sarcoma (HS), disseminated HS (malignant histocytosis), and the reactive histiocytoses: cutaneous and systemic. A common element to these diseases is proliferation of dendritic cells (DC) of either Langerhans cell (epithelial DC) or interstitial DC lineage. In this report, 17 dogs with hemophagocytic HS are described. Breeds affected included Bernese Mountain Dog (6), Golden Retriever (4), Rottweiler (3), Labrador Retriever (2), a mixed-breed dog, and a Schnauzer, which were from 2.5 to 13 years old. The dogs presented with Coombs negative responsive anemia in 16/17 dogs (94%), thrombocytopenia in 15/17 dogs (88%), hypoalbuminemia in 16/17 dogs (94%), and hypocholesterolemia in 11/16 dogs (69%). All dogs died or were euthanized. The clinical course ranged from 2 to 32 weeks (mean 7.1 weeks). Diffuse splenomegaly with ill-defined masses was consistently present. Microscopic lesions were prevalent in spleen, liver, lung, and bone marrow. Metastasis occurred by insidious intravascular invasion with minimal mass formation. Histiocytes were markedly erythrophagocytic and accompanied by foci of extramedullary hemopoiesis. Cytologically, the histiocytes varied from well differentiated to atypical, with atypia more prevalent in spleen than bone marrow. These tumors arose from splenic red pulp and bone marrow macrophages, which expressed major histocompatibility complex class II and the beta2 integrin, CD11d. They had low and/or inconsistent expression of CD1 and CD11c, which are dominantly expressed by canine nonhemophagocytic HS of DC origin. Canine histiocytic proliferative diseases now encompass proliferation of all members of the myeloid histiocytic lineage: Langerhans cells, interstitial DC, and macrophages.
The TRH‐related peptide pyroglutamylglutamylprolinamide is present in human semen (1989)

We have recently identified a novel peptide in the rabbit prostate complex which cross-reacts with an antibody to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and has the structure pGlu-Glu-ProNH2. In the present study, high concentrations of a TRH-related tripeptide and also a polypeptide (10-12 kDa) containing a TRH-immunoreactive peptide at its C-terminus were detected in human semen. The low molecular mass TRH-like peptide and the immunoreactive fragment from the polypeptide were isolated from human semen and shown to have identical structures. Amino acid analysis suggested compositions Glx2, Pro1, and after mild acid hydrolysis, the same sequence, Glu-Glu-Pro, was established for the two peptides. Fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry yielded a pseudomolecular ion (M + H)+ of 355.38 which was identical to that of the synthetic peptide pGlu-Glu-ProNH2. The data demonstrate that human semen contains the TRH-like peptide pyroglutamylglutamylprolinamide and also a polypeptide terminating in the sequence Gln-Glu-ProNH2.
The Peridural Membrane of the Spinal Canal: A Critical Review (2011)

There exists substantial evidence that a peridural membrane (PM) is present in the spinal canal of humans and, like the pleura and peritoneum, has one or more physiologic functions. Innervation of the PM suggests that it may become a source of pain if injured. Although debated, the physiology of this structure has important implications with respect to neuraxial distribution of drugs and for back and radiating pain. This review, separated into embryological, anatomic, and physiologic discussions, provides an in-depth summary of the observations of this connective tissue. The discrepancies between accounts are highlighted within each section. Focused research to clearly elucidate the true nature of the PM, especially as related to neuraxial distribution of drugs and back and radiating pain, is warranted.
The treatment of psychotic depression. (1998)

Psychotic depression is marked by increased severity, longer episodes, greater incapacity, and a lower likelihood of placebo response. Psychotic features often recur in subsequent episodes and interepisode intervals are shorter when psychotic features have been previously present. Among the treatment options for psychotic depression, electroconvulsive therapy is particularly effective. Conventional pharmacotherapy consists of tricyclic antidepressants combined with antipsychotics; recovery with tricyclic antidepressant monotherapy is less likely. Serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors may prove useful but the relevant literature is scant. Pharmacokinetic interactions are likely in combination treatment, as are side effects that may mimic the underlying condition. Little is known regarding the importance of antipsychotics to maintenance therapy.
Beyond Text QA: Multimedia Answer Generation by Harvesting Web Information (2012)

Community question answering (cQA) services have gained popularity over the past years. It not only allows community members to post and answer questions but also enables general users to seek information from a comprehensive set of well-answered questions. However, existing cQA forums usually provide only textual answers, which are not informative enough for many questions. In this paper, we propose a scheme that is able to enrich textual answers in cQA with appropriate media data. Our scheme consists of three components: answer medium selection, query generation for multimedia search, and multimedia data selection and presentation. This approach automatically determines which type of media information should be added for a textual answer. It then automatically collects data from the web to enrich the answer. By processing a large set of QA pairs and adding them to a pool, our approach can enable a novel multimedia question answering (MMQA) approach as users can find multimedia answers by matching their questions with those in the pool. Different from a lot of MMQA research efforts that attempt to directly answer questions with image and video data, our approach is built based on community-contributed textual answers and thus it is able to deal with more complex questions. We have conducted extensive experiments on a multi-source QA dataset. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
A New Fabrication Method of Ultra-Small Laser Scanning Module (2007)

We report for the first time that an ultra-small laser scanning module of millimeter size has been realized. We have demonstrated electronic scanning by switching the current without any moving parts. Having no moving parts enables high reliability, and the system volume can be greatly reduced. This fabrication technology that we employed enables very precise mass production of micro-optical elements such as prisms, lenses and light waveguides, because all fabrication steps are carried out using the same semiconductor process. These micro-optical elements are formed on the substrate simultaneously using single etching mask.
Spin States of Mono- and Dinuclear Iron(II) Complexes with Bis(imidazolylimine) Ligands (2007)

Abstract Bis(imidazolylimine) ligands, H2LH and H2LMe, were prepared from hydrazine and 4-formylimidazole or 2-methyl-4-formylimidazole (1:2), respectively. Mononuclear iron(II) complexes, [Fe(H2LH)2](ClO4)2·MeOH and [Fe(H2LMe)2](ClO4)2·2H2O, were in the LS and HS states, respectively, in the temperature range 5–300 K. A triple-helicate [Fe2(H2LH)3](ClO4)4, showed an abrupt [LS–HS] to [HS–HS] spin transition at 240 K, while [Fe2(H2LMe)3](ClO4)4 remained in the LS state in the temperature range 5–300 K.
Evaluation of maximum-likelihood based attenuation correction in positron emission tomography (1999)

In positron emission tomography, transmission scans are used to correct the acquired data for the effect of photon attenuation. The noise present in the transmission measurement often has a significant effect on the signal to noise ratio of the final attenuation corrected image of the tracer distribution. This study evaluates the effect of different attenuation correction strategies on the performance of human observers in a tumor detection task. The four strategies considered are: no attenuation correction, multiplication with the count ratio of blank and transmission sinograms, reprojection of a maximum-likelihood reconstruction, and reprojection of a maximum-a-posteriori reconstruction of the transmission sinogram. Performance in tumor detection was quantified as the contrast at which the number of errors increased beyond 20%. No statistically significant difference was found between classical attenuation correction and maximum-likelihood based correction. With maximum-a-posteriori based attenuation correction performance was significantly better than with the other methods.
The Isolation and Properties of Antimycin A (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Isolation and Properties of Antimycin ABryant R. Dunshee, Curt. Leben, G. W. Keitt, and F. M. StrongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 7, 2436–2437Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01175a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01175a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views653Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Current diagnostic technics of retinoblastoma (cytology of the vitreous body and marker)]. (1989)

Le diagnostic positif du retinoblastome est le plus souvent evident. Mais il est des cas ou un tel diagnostic reste difficile a poser. C'est pour ces cas difficiles que nous proposons deux techniques nouvelles representees par l'analyse cytologique du vitre et la recherche de marqueurs tumoraux dans le sang circulant
Minimum curvature variation curves, networks, and surfaces for fair free-form shape design (1992)

Traditionally methods for the design of free-form curves and surfaces focus on achieving a specific level of inter-element continuity. These methods use a combination of heuristics and constructions to achieve an ultimate shape. Though shapes constructed using these methods are technically continuous, they have been shown to lack fairness, possessing undesirable blemishes such as bulges and wrinkles. Fairness is closely related to the smooth and minimal variation of curvature. <p>In this work we present a new technique for curve and surface design that combines a geometrically based specification with constrained optimization (minimization) of a fairness functional. The difficult problem of achieving inter-element continuity is solved simply by incorporating it into the minimization via appropriate penalty functions. Where traditional fairness measures are based on strain energy, we have developed a better measure of fairness; the variation of curvature. In addition to producing objects of clearly superior quality, minimizing the variation of curvature makes it trivial to model regular shapes such as, circles and cyclides, a class of surface including: spheres, cylinders, cones, and tori. <p>In this thesis we introduce: curvature variation as a fairness metric, the minimum variation curve (MVC), the minimum variation network (MVN), and the minimum variation surface (MVS). MVC minimize the arc length integral of the square of the arc length derivative of curvature while interpolating a set of geometric constraints consisting of position, and optionally tangent direction and curvature. MVN minimize the same functional while interpolating a network of geometric constraints consisting of surface position, tangent plane, and surface curvatures. Finally, MVS are obtained by spanning the openings of the MVN while minimizing a surface functional that measures the variation of surface curvature. <p>We present the details of the techniques outlined above and describe the trade-offs between some alternative approaches. Solutions to difficult interpolation problems and comparisons with traditional methods are provided. Both demonstrate the superiority of curvature variation as a fairness metric and efficacy of optimization as a tool in shape design, albeit at significant computational cost
FEASIBILITY STUDIES ON USE OF ARTRONS AS LOGIC ELEMENTS IN FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS. (1964)

Results of the theoretical studies of the use of redundant self-organizing elements as a means of providing a reliable self-organizing controller are presented. A mathematical representation of the trainable logical network as a finite state device and an analysis of the organization process as a Markov process is given. Goal functions for control systems are developed from Lyapunov functions. A digital computer study of the self-organizing logical controller and study results are presented. The theory, method of operation, and design techniques of the RELIATRON (Reliable ARTRON) are given. (Author)
Fluorescent whitening agents, I. Bis-4,4'-(4''-methoxy-6''-phenoxy-s-triazin-2''-ylamino)stilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid : Its photodecomposition in solution and on wool (1974)

The collidine salt of bis-4,4'-(4"-methoxy-6"-phenoxy-s-triazin-2?-ylamio)stilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (1) has been synthesized from cyanuric chloride. Anhydrous conditions were used so as to avoid contamination by hydrolysis products; the methoxyl groups were radioactively labelled. Irradiation of the trans (E) isomer of (I) in aqueous solution rapidly produced an equilibrium mixture of cis (Z ) and trans isomers; decomposition to the corresponding aldehyde (2), acid (3) and dihydro derivative (4) occurred more slowly. Isomerization to the cis form was much slower when (1) was applied to wool and then irradiated; (2), (3) and (4) were also produced and some radioactive material was bound covalently to the wool. No evidence could be obtained for the conversion of (1) into phenanthrene or cyclobutane derivatives or for the occurrence of any photo-Fries rearrangement.