gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elimination of the geomagnetic field stimulates the proliferation of mouse neural progenitor and stem cells (2016)

Living organisms are exposed to the geomagnetic field (GMF) throughout their lifespan. Elimination of the GMF, resulting in a hypogeomagnetic field (HMF), leads to central nervous system dysfunction and abnormal development in animals. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects have not been identified so far. Here, we show that exposure to an HMF (<200 nT), produced by a magnetic field shielding chamber, promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor/stem cells (NPCs/NSCs) from C57BL/6 mice. Following seven-day HMF-exposure, the primary neurospheres (NSs) were significantly larger in size, and twice more NPCs/NSCs were harvested from neonatal NSs, when compared to the GMF controls. The self-renewal capacity and multipotency of the NSs were maintained, as HMF-exposed NSs were positive for NSC markers (Nestin and Sox2), and could differentiate into neurons and astrocyte/glial cells and be passaged continuously. In addition, adult mice exposed to the HMF for one month were observed to have a greater number of proliferative cells in the subventricular zone. These findings indicate that continuous HMF-exposure increases the proliferation of NPCs/NSCs, in vitro and in vivo. HMF-disturbed NPCs/NSCs production probably affects brain development and function, which provides a novel clue for elucidating the cellular mechanisms of the bio-HMF response.
Highly Raman‐Enhancing Substrates Based on Silver Nanoparticle Arrays with Tunable Sub‐10<b> </b>nm Gaps (2006)

Uniform and highly surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS)-active substrates have been fabricated using Ag nanoparticle arrays with unprecedented small tunable gaps. The dependence of the enhancing capability of the substrate on the gap size provides quantitative evidence for the collective SERS effect and confirms predictions of interparticle-coupling-induced Raman enhancement.
Observation of resonantly enhanced sum-frequency generation involving sodium Rydberg states (1983)

A large, dc-electric-field-induced nonlinear optical susceptibility is exploited to produce ultraviolet radiation in the range 2453-2476 A by the process of sum-frequency generation in sodium. The interaction is resonantly enhanced at the first intermediate level by the 3 (2)P(3/2) state and at the second intermediate level by a Rydberg state. Conversion efficiencies of 10(-5) have been obtained; improvement of this value by a factor of 10(3) should be possible.
아바타의 패션 마케팅 전략 연구 (2002)

본 논문은 인터넷 가상 사회에서 사용자를 대변하는 사이버 캐릭터 즉, 아바타에 대한 의미 분석에서부터 아바타의 패션 상품의 판매가 이루어지는 시장에 대한 마케팅에 관한 전략 제안에 있습니다. 결과를 살펴보면 시장 세분화 전략에서는 기존 마케팅 전략에서와는 달리 e-라이프 스타일에 따라 경제적 효익 추구형, 편의 추구형, 수동적 동조형, 인터넷 의존형, 인터넷 거래 거부형 등으로 세분화를 하고 있습니다. 이 세분화에 맞추어 표적 시장 즉, 타겟 층을 설정하여 공략해 나갈 것을 제안하고 있고, 인터넷 기업이라는 특성상, 경쟁사를 정확하게 분석해 차별적인 비즈니스 모델 포지셔닝을 구축하는 전략을 제안합니다. 그리고, 마케팅 믹스의 기본인 4P 즉, 제품, 가격, 유통, 프로모션 의 개발 전략에 있어서도, 인터넷 환경의 특수성이 가장 많이 고려되고 있습니다.
T-cell response against varicella-zoster virus in fingolimod-treated MS patients (2013)

Patients treated with fingolimod show a slightly reduced antiviral T-cell response. This reduced response is accompanied by a subclinical reactivation of VZV or EBV in the saliva of 20% of patients treated with fingolimod.
Sensor and optical properties of ferroelectric and porous fluoropolymers (2004)

The fabrication and performance of sensors utilizing the piezoelectric properties of P(VDF/TrFE) copolymer thin films are described. The IR spectra of porous PTFE films, and electron micrographs showing their structure, are presented. Finally the fabrication and performance of a sensor utilizing the piezoelectric properties of a porous PTFE film in contact with a compact or normal PTFE film are described.
The role of the good-die project in miniaturized-system design (1998)

Existing CAD tools need major changes to cope with the design requirements of high-density packaging technologies. A database service is now available on the Internet to address one area of great need-bare-die component selection and automated generation of component symbols.
Rituximab versus Cyclophosphamide for ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (2010)

Rituximab therapy was not inferior to daily cyclophosphamide treatment for induction of remission in severe ANCA-associated vasculitis and may be superior in relapsing disease. (Funded by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Genentech, and Biogen; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00104299.)
A Mutant Influenza Virus That Uses an N1 Neuraminidase as the Receptor-Binding Protein (2013)

In the vast majority of influenza A viruses characterized to date, hemagglutinin (HA) is the receptor-binding and fusion protein, whereas neuraminidase (NA) is a receptor-cleaving protein that facilitates viral release but is expendable for entry. However, the NAs of some recent human H3N2 isolates have acquired receptor-binding activity via the mutation D151G, although these isolates also appear to retain the ability to bind receptors via HA. We report here the laboratory generation of a mutation (G147R) that enables an N1 NA to completely co-opt the receptor-binding function normally performed by HA. Viruses with this mutant NA grow to high titers even in the presence of extensive mutations to conserved residues in HA's receptor-binding pocket. When the receptor-binding NA is paired with this binding-deficient HA, viral infectivity and red blood cell agglutination are blocked by NA inhibitors. Furthermore, virus-like particles expressing only the receptor-binding NA agglutinate red blood cells in an NA-dependent manner. Although the G147R NA receptor-binding mutant virus that we characterize is a laboratory creation, this same mutation is found in several natural clusters of H1N1 and H5N1 viruses. Our results demonstrate that, at least in tissue culture, influenza virus receptor-binding activity can be entirely shifted from HA to NA.
Cell therapy as a strategy to minimize maintenance immunosuppression in solid organ transplant recipients (2013)

Remarkable progress is being made in the implementation of novel cell-based immunotherapeutics in solid organ transplantation studies. It is hoped that these new immunoregulatory therapies will afford better long-term transplant outcomes by mitigating chronic graft injury.
Optimizing the Run Time in Mobile Devices (2017)

Mobile computing works on the principle of broadcasting so that the information is radiated to everyone within the wave range which increases security threats and cyber attacks replicated quickly and easily. Thus, care must be taken in handling those types of attacks to provide information security while the user roams through different networks with heterogeneous security infrastructure. For that several cryptographic techniques are employed in mobile devices. Among them the public key cryptographic algorithms like RSA and ECC play a vital role in performing security. The basic building blocks of ECC is scalar point multiplication k[P] where k is a scalar and P is a point on elliptic curve. Similarly, in RSA the encryption and decryption is of the form xe mod n where encryption /decryption key. Normally exponentiation operation takes more time than multiplication which takes more time than addition and subtraction. To reduce the time, exponentiations and multiplications are performed by repeated multiplications and additions respectively. To reduce the time further addition chain is used. In order to generate the addition chain nature inspired based algorithms like PSO and SSO are considered in this paper. Using them, the addition chains for exponent of RSA and K[P] of ECC are generated. The encryption/decryption time and energy required for encryption/decryption are also computed and the performance of the cryptographic algorithms in mobile devices are analyzed with and without the incorporation of addition chain.
Adaptive Trigger Delay Using a Predictive Model Applied to Black Blood Fast Spin Echo Cardiac Imaging in Systole (2009)

International audience
Characteristic study of multi-layer using Hybrid method for digital X-ray detector (2009)

Recently digital X-ray detector, often called Active-Matrix Flat Panel Detector (AMFPD), have been researched by using either the direct or the indirect conversion method in order to form the digital image. In this paper, we introduced the concept of Hybrid method using phosphor layer to complement a weak point of direct conversion method having low conversion efficiency about X-ray. The Hybrid receptor scheme consists of a photoconductor layer, phosphor layer and top/bottom electrodes to collect charges produced in the photoconductor layer. A light reflective layer was deposited under the phosphor as lower layer. Mercury Iodide (HgI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) is used as photoconductor layer to detect X-ray and light from the phosphor, and Cesium Iodide (CsI) is used as phosphor layer to convert X-ray to light. We fabricated a photoconductor (HgI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> 200um) and a phosphor (CsI 50um) using PIB(Particle In Binder) method. As top and bottom electrodes, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layers were deposited to photoconductor layer and light reflective layer(Al 15 to 25um) in order to improve photon conversion efficiency. As results, higher X-ray sensitivity of Hybrid method exhibited comparing with that of direct conventional digital X-ray detector. The Hybrid method shows about 1.5 times higher sensitivity than the direct conversion method. This effect is caused by simultaneous detection of electric signal induced by the direct X-ray absorption in photoconductor layer and by the light absorption produced in phosphor layer. The Hybrid method can solve problems such as lower conversion efficiency of photoconductor, breakdown because of high voltage application in the direct conversion method as well as low fill factor of TFT, low electric image signals and low SNR in indirect conversion method.
Flow velocity studies in vein pouch model aneurysms (1993)

An experimental study to measure the velocity profile within aneurysms has not been previously reported, although some theoretical works have been done1~3,5,9’10. In the present studies, measurements of the velocity and pressure waveforms within model aneurysms have been done using a constant temperature hot film anemometer and a high frequency pulsed directional ultrasonic Doppler. A vein grafted aneurysm model was used in this investigation. Turbulent flow was detected at the neck and body of aneurysms. Pressure waveforms were compared between aneurysms and the parent vessel. The results suggest that turbulence evidenced by the distorted flow and high pressure pulse waves may plan an important role in the growth and rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. The mechanisms of the growth and rupture of a cerebral aneurysm are discussed. [Neurol Res 1993; 15: 185–191]
Mass-spectrometric determination of antimony incorporation during III–V molecular beam epitaxy (1990)

The antimony incorporation rate α(Sb) during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of GaAs1−ySby, AlAs1−ySby, and Al0.5Ga0.5As1−ySby is determined as a function of growth conditions via mass-spectrometric measurements of the nonincorporated fraction of the incident antimony flux. The observed trends of an increase in Sb incorporation rate with decreasing substrate temperature and increasing group III flux, and an increase in resulting Sb content with Sb flux, are found to be in agreement with previous studies using ex situ techniques only. Additionally, the process of GaAsSb on GaAs interface formation is shown to result in a time dependent α(Sb) and is understood on the basis of a surface Sb-content dependent Sb desorption rate. Similarly, the Sb desorption rate is found to be time dependent when an incoming Sb flux reacts with a growth interrupted GaAs surface to form a GaAsSb surface layer which is likely to be graded in composition.
A 100-V lateral DMOS transistor with a 0.3-micrometer channel in a 1-micrometer silicon-film-on-insulator-on-silicon (1991)

A novel LDMOS transistor structure with breakdown voltages above 100 V has been fabricated in silicon-on-insulator-on-silicon (SOIS). This structure has been fabrication by silicon direct bonding (SDB) and etch-back to a typical film thickness of 1 mu m. The silicon carrier layer (handle) serves as a back-gate electrode, which, under proper bias, improves the transistor characteristics significantly. The effective channel length or basewidth is 0.3 mu m. Under these conditions, the drift region becomes the current-limiting element. The physics in the drift region in thin silicon films (<or=1 mu m) in the transistor on-state is dominated by the injected electrons from the channel. The limitation of the maximum drain current is given by the quasi-saturation effect. Criteria for the further optimization of SOIS LDMOS transistors are presented.<<ETX>>
Spoken language recognition on a DSP array processor (1994)

A new architecture is presented to support the general class of real-time large-vocabulary speaker-independent continuous speech recognizers incorporating language models. Many such recognizers require multiple high-performance central processing units (CPU's) as well as high interprocessor communication bandwidth. This array processor provides a peak CPU performance of 2.56 giga-floating point operations per second (GFLOPS) as well as a high-speed communication network. In order to efficiently utilize these resources, algorithms were devised for partitioning speech models for mapping into the array processor. Also, a novel scheme is presented for a functional partitioning of the speech recognizer computations. The recognizer is functionally partitioned into six stages, namely, the linear predictive coding (LPC) based feature extractor, mixture probability computer, (phone) state probability computer, word probability computer, phrase probability computer, and traceback computer. Each of these stages is further subdivided as many times as necessary to fit the individual processing elements (PE's). The functional stages are pipelined and synchronized with the frame rate of the incoming speech signal. This partitioning also allows a multistage stack decoder to be implemented for reduction of computation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A possible locus for manic depressive illness on chromosome 16p13 (1995)

We have previously reported possible evidence for linkage between manic depressive illness and the locus at 16p13.3 encoding the enzyme phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP), in the larger of two Danish families. As PGP was not fully informative, 12 additional DNA markers were tested in these families to clarify if a gene involved in the etiology of manic depressive illness might be located on chromosome 16p13. Though not reaching a lod score level of 3.0, the possible presence of a disease gene for manic depressive illness on chromosome 16p13 was still suggested. The evidence for a dominant locus near PGP was weakened. However, when assuming a recessive mode of inheritance and including both families a two-point lod score of 2.52 was found for marker D16S510, and a three-point lod score of 2.65 in both families combined and 2.29 in the large family alone was obtained in the same area. Simulations indicated that lod scores as obtained for several markers in the large family alone, would occur only rarely with an unlinked marker.
Gender Differences in Patient-Rated Symptoms Following Whole Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases (2006)

Goals of Work. To examine if gender differences exist in patient-rated symptoms following whole brain radiotherapy for treatment of brain metastases.Patients and Methods. Patients with brain metastases treated with palliative whole brain radiotherapy were asked to rate their symptoms using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) before, and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks following treatment. The mean difference of each ESAS symptom at follow up was compared with the baseline value. Mean differences with a p value < 0.01 were considered statistically significant.Main Results. From January 1999 to January 2002 one hundred and seventy patients (102 female and 68 male) were accrued. The median age for males was 67 years (range 40–82) and 64 years for females (range 33–84). At baseline, there were no significant gender differences in age, symptomatology and Karnofsky Performance score. Following treatment, there was a statistically significant deterioration from the baseline for females in the following ESAS domains: at week 1 in fatigue (1.5) and drowsiness (1.6); week 8 in appetite (3.8) and sense of well being (2.0); and week 12 in fatigue (2.4), nausea (2.5), depression (2.9), drowsiness (2.8), appetite (4.2), and sense of well being (2.8). Males showed deterioration only at week 12 in drowsiness (3.0).Conclusions. Based on the responding patients' evaluated symptoms, significantly more deterioration was seen in women when compared to men following whole brain radiotherapy. Our result showing a gender difference should be considered only as a hypothesis-generating finding. This needs tobe confirmed in larger studies.
Art of Software Testing (1979)

The classic, landmark work on software testing The hardware and software of computing have changed markedly in the three decades since the first edition of The Art of Software Testing, but this book's powerful underlying analysis has stood the test of time. Whereas most books on software testing target particular development techniques, languages, or testing methods, The Art of Software Testing, Third Edition provides a brief but powerful and comprehensive presentation of time-proven software testing approaches. If your software development project is mission critical, this book is an investme
Acetone potentiation of acute acetonitrile toxicity in rats (1985)

The purpose of these studies was to investigate the nature and mechanism of a toxicologic interaction between acetonitrile and acetone. Results of oral dose-response studies utilizing a 1:1 (w/w) mixture of acetonitrile and acetone, or varying doses of acetonitrile administered together with a constant dose of acetone, indicated that acetone potentiated acute acetonitrile toxicity three- to fourfold in rats. The onset of severe toxicity (manifested by tremors and convulsions) was delayed in the groups dosed with both solvents compared to the groups that received acetonitrile or acetone alone. Blood cyanide (a metabolite of acetonitrile) and serum acetonitrile and acetone concentrations were measured after oral administration of 25% aqueous solutions of acetonitrile, acetone, or acetonitrile plus acetone. Concentrations of cyanide in the blood of rats given acetonitrile plus acetone remained near baseline, in contrast to the high concentrations found in rats dosed with acetonitrile alone. At 34-36 h, high blood cyanide concentrations were found in rats dosed with both of the solvents. This delayed onset of elevation of blood cyanide coincided with the occurrence of clinical signs and with the disappearance of serum acetone. In further pharmacokinetic studies, blood cyanide concentrations were measured after similar dosage regimens of acetone and acetonitrile. Peak cyanide concentrations were found to be significantly greater in rats dosed with both solvents than in rats given only acetonitrile. Administration of either sodium thiosulfate or a second dose of acetone prevented the toxicity associated with exposure to both solvents. These results suggest that the effects of acetone on acetonitrile toxicity are due to a biphasic effect on the metabolism of acetonitrile to cyanide, that is, an initial inhibition followed by a stimulation of this metabolism upon acetone elimination.
Biofilms (2000)

Until now, techniques for studying biofilms- the cellular colonies that live in drinking water systems, wastewater operations, even ground and surface water- have been limited. Yet during the last decade, biofilms have become a critical element in water quality preservation systems, a key component of wastewater treatment biological reactions and t
Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine residues in DNA by X-irradiation. (1984)

A new type of ionizing radiation-induced DNA base damage, 8-hydroxyguanine formation, was found in DNA that had been irradiated by X-rays in aqueous solution. The extent of this modification linearly increased with increase in the X-ray dose up to 40 krad. When an OH radical scavenger, ethanol, was added to the DNA solution, the hydroxylation was inhibited almost completely, suggesting that the reaction proceeds via the formation of OH radicals.
Recovery of fibrinogen in cryoprecipitate pasteurized in the presence of sucrose and glycine. (1993)

The effect of sucrose (60% w/w) and 1 M glycine as thermal stabilizers for fibrinogen in cryoprecipitate was studied. Sucrose (9.2 g) and glycine (0.9 g) were dissolved in 6 g of cryoprecipitate and the solution was pasteurized at 60 degrees C for 10 h. The preparation was then dialyzed for 20 h in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), lyophilized, stored for one week at -40 degrees C and resuspended in distilled water. The recovery of total proteins and fibrinogen in the final product averaged 66.4 +/- 4.1% and 43.8 +/- 6.4% of the initial contents, respectively (mean +/- SEM, N = 9). The pasteurization of cryoprecipitate in the presence of PBS (control experiments) produced extensive precipitation, which is characteristic of protein denaturation. Thus, this method partially protected fibrinogen and other proteins in cryoprecipitate from inactivation by prolonged exposure to heat during pasteurization.
Methodology for evaluating self-healing agent of structural ceramics (2014)

Simple methodology for evaluating availability of self-healing agent has been established from the investigation on the relationship between oxidation behavior of self-healing agent and self-healing phenomena. The consistency of the established methodology was discussed by comparison in the lower bound of the available temperature range ( T H-low ) of mullite/TiSi 2 composite. From thermo-gravity and differential temperature analysis, the available temperature range for 10-h healing ([Formula: see text]) was estimated to be 563°C. On the other hand, the value of the lower bound of the available temperature range for 10-h healing ([Formula: see text]) was experimentally determined to be 600°C from strength recovery tests. These values showed a good consistency. Also, the data on 1-h healing of mullite/TiSi 2 and the reference data on alumina/SiC self-healing ceramics exhibited good consistency. Therefore, the proposed methodology is sufficient for evaluating the advanced healing agent.
Electrocaloric effect in BaTiO3 thin films (2009)

The modified transverse Ising model taking into account the four-spin exchange interaction and quantum fluctuation, as well as the mechanical constraint of the substrate, is constructed and applied to investigate the electrocaloric effect (ECE) in BaTiO3 thin films. It is found that the temperature dependence of ECE strongly depends on both the four-spin exchange interaction and quantum fluctuation. Most importantly, we achieve the adiabatic temperature change ΔT=11.78 K at Tm=490 K, which can be comparable with that observed experimentally in PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 thin films and ferroelectric polymers. Furthermore, the internal stresses resulting from the clamping effect of the substrate play a crucial role in the ECE of ferroelectric films. Control of the misfit stress by appropriate choice of substrate provides an effective means to improve the adiabatic temperature change for use in cooling or thermodielectric power conversion devices.