gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Plant Growth Regulators under Photoselective Greenhouse Covers (2000)

Responses to selected chemical growth retardants (daminozide, paclobutrazol, and prohexadione-Ca) and GA 1 and GA 3 under photoselective greenhouse covers with various phytochrome photoequilibrium estimates (φ e ) were evaluated using `Bright Golden Anne' chrysanthemum [ Dendranthema × grandiflora Kitam. (syn. Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)] as the model plant to better understand the height control mechanism by far red (FR) light depleted environments. Plant height linearly decreased as φ e increased from 0.72 to 0.83. The rate of height decrease of daminozide treated plants was less than that of water (control) or GA 3 -treated plants. The rate of height reduction was not different between control and GA 3 -treated plants among chambers with various φ e . Both paclobutrazol and prohexadione-Ca reduced plant height regardless of φ e , but the height reduction by paclobutrazol was more than that by prohexadioneCa. The combination of paclobutrazol and prohexadione-Ca reduced plant height more than either alone. GA 1 reversed the height reduction caused by paclobutrazol and prohexadione-Ca regardless of φ e , but the height increase by GA 1 was more when it was applied with prohexadione-Ca than when applied alone. Results show that photoselective covers with high φ e were effective in controlling height of chrysanthemums without chemical growth retardants. The linear relationship between plant height and φ e suggests that effectiveness of photoselective covers increased as φ e increased. The photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) transmission of photoselective covers decreased as the φ e increased because of the increasing dye concentration. Identifying photoselective covers that effectively filter out FR light from sunlight and reduce plant height while minimizing the PPF reduction is critical for commercial success of photoselective covers. Gibberellins are, at least partially, involved in height control by photoselective covers. Photoselective greenhouse covers did not reduce responsiveness to gibberellins, and it appears that the mechanism may be to suppress gibberellin biosynthesis. Results also suggest that increased metabolism of GA 1 to GA 8 was not the mechanism of height control by photoselective covers. Chemical names used: butanedioic acid mono (2,2-dimethylhydrazide) [daminozide]; (±)-(R * ,R * )-b-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-a-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol [paclobutrazol]; 3,5-dioxo-4-(1-oxopropyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid [prohexadione-Ca]; gibberellic acid [GA].
Overexpression of Gastrin‐Releasing Peptide Receptors in Tumor‐Associated Blood Vessels of Human Ovarian Neoplasms (2007)

The large amounts of GRP-receptors in ovarian tumor vessels suggest a role in tumoral vasculature and possibly angiogenesis. Further, these vessels might be targeted in vivo with bombesin analogs for diagnosis or for therapy.
A single serine residue controls the cation dependence of substrate transport by the rat serotonin transporter (1997)

The serotonin transporter (SERT) is a member of the Na+/Cl--dependent neurotransmitter transporter family and constitutes the target of several clinically important antidepressants. Here, replacement of serine-545 in the recombinant rat SERT by alanine was found to alter the cation dependence of serotonin uptake. Substrate transport was now driven as efficiently by LiCl as by NaCl without significant changes in serotonin affinity. Binding of the antidepressant [3H]imipramine occurred with 1/5th the affinity, whereas [3H]citalopram binding was unchanged. These results indicate that serine-545 is a crucial determinant of both the cation dependence of serotonin transport by SERT and the imipramine binding properties of SERT.
Study of the Catalytic Ozonation of Humic Substances in Water and Their Ozonation Byproducts (1996)

Abstract Abstract It is shown that using transition metals, especially Mn(II) and Ag(I), during ozonation of humic substances in water allows important reductions in the content of organic matter. Characterization of the organic compounds resulting from ozonation was made by concentrating the sample through liquid-liquid extraction or derivation with PFBOA.HCl, along with the GC/MS and GC/ECD techniques. In total, 110 different organic compounds were identified using GC/MS; mainly carboxylic acids, aromatics, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, and furan-carboxylic acids. The percentages of elimination or formation levels reached during ozonation are discussed. Key Words: OzoneOzonationDrinking WaterHumic AcidsOzone ByproductsDerivatizationInorganic Metal Salt CatalystsManganeseSilver
Overexpression of aprE2, a Fibrinolytic Enzyme Gene from Bacillus subtilis CH3-5, in Escherichia coli and the Properties of AprE2 (2014)

The aprE2 gene with its prosequence from Bacillus subtilis CH3-5 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by using plasmid pET26b(+). After IPTG induction, active and mature AprE2 was produced when cells were grown at 20°C, whereas inactive and insoluble enzyme was produced in a large amount when cells were grown at 37°C. The insoluble fraction was resuspended with 6 M guanidine-HCl and dialyzed against 2 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.0) or 0.5 M sodium acetate (pH 7.0) buffer. Then active AprE2 was regenerated and purified by a Ni-NTA column. Purified AprE2 from the soluble fraction had a specific activity of 1,069.4 ± 42.4 U/mg protein, higher than that from the renatured insoluble fraction. However, more active AprE2 was obtained by renaturation of the insoluble fraction. AprE2 was most stable at pH 7 and 40°C, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of AprE2 was inhibited by PMSF, but not by EDTA and metal ions. AprE2 degraded Aα and Bβ chains of fibrinogen quickly, but not the γ-chain. AprE2 exhibited the highest specificity for N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA. The Km and kcat/Km of AprE2 was 0.56 mM and 3.10 × 10(4) S(-1) M(-1), respectively.
Modulation of P-glycoprotein expression by triptolide in adriamycin-resistant K562/A02 cells (2011)

Multidrug resistance is a serious obstacle encountered in leukemia treatment. Previous studies have found drug resistance in human leukemia is mainly associated with overexpression of the multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1). The aim of the present study was to investigate the modulation of P-glycoprotein expression by triptolide in adriamycin-resistant K562/A02 cells. The reverse effects of triptolide on drug resistance in K562/A02 cells were assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The percentage of apoptotic cells was obtained from annexin V/fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propridium iodide (PI) double-staining. The effects of triptolide on P-glycoprotein activity were evaluated by measuring intracellular adriamycin accumulation. The expression of P-glycoprotein was determined by flow cytometry. A luciferase reporter gene assay was used to detect the transcriptional activity of the MDR1 promoter. Results revealed that triptolide decreased the degree of resistance of K562/A02 cells, and significantly inhibited P-glycoprotein expression and drug-transport function, and increased the accumulation of adriamycin in K562/A02 cells as measured by flow cytometry. A luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that triptolide was capable of inhibiting the transcriptional activity of the MDR1 promoter. Triptolide may effectively reverse the adriamycin resistance in K562/A02 cells via modulation of the P-glycoprotein expression and by increasing intracellular adriamycin accumulation.
Design and Implementation of a Residual Capacity Estimator for Lead-Acid Batteries (2007)

This paper proposes a residual capacity estimator with higher accuracy for lead-acid batteries. The calculation method is using different discharge capacity rate of a battery in different discharge current to calculate state of charge. Therefore, curve fitting state of charge estimation has the ability of revising value of state of charge with the changing of lode, and this improves Coulomb state of charge estimation. Thus more reliable state of charge estimation value can be obtained when battery discharge in heavy loads and the proposed method is more suitable for different discharge lode. The control core of state of charge estimation of the plan is the digital signal processor (TMS320F240). The DSP gets the battery of discharge current and voltage signal, in order to estimate state of charge and discharge end respectively.
High-power Ti:Sapphire lasers: Temporal contrast and spectral narrowing (2007)

New extensions of the chirped pulse amplification (CPA) scheme designed specially for petawatt Ti:Sapphire lasers are considered. The two new schemes support a spectral bandwidth sufficient for 20 fs pulses and a temporal contrast of 10 12 . The Double CPA scheme consists of two CPA stages with an intermediate temporal pulse filtering for temporal contrast improvement. The scheme of Negative–Positive CPA amplification takes advantage of consecutive saturated amplification of down chirped and up chirped pulses. This allows a suppress imprint of gain narrowing, which usually limits the spectral bandwidth at the multi-terawatt power level, and reach the bandwidth in excess of 50 nm without using any direct spectral shaping of the pulse.
Big data and analytics (2013)

Business Analytics is maturing and moving towards mass adoption. The emergence of big data increases the need for innovative tools and methodologies. Of particular interest is the established Business Intelligence market segment, built on structured data and reporting. How does big data affect methodologies like ETL, modeling and report authoring? Business Intelligence is at a crossroads between less formal data analysis at scale and business imperatives like regulatory reporting that runs an enterprise. This paper highlights new technologies and services that move the methodologies of old into the data-centric world of high volume and velocity that defines the modern information landscape.
Competitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for quantifying carbonic anhydrase VI in saliva (1993)

A competitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assay sensitive and robust enough for quantifying human salivary carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme VI (HCA VI) was developed. The solid-phase immunoassay is based on competition between Eu(3+)-labeled HCA VI and salivary HCA VI for polyclonal rabbit anti-HCA VI antibodies that are attached to microtiter plate wells precoated with sheep anti-rabbit IgG. The subsequent immunoassay including the separation of free and bound HCA VI requires only one incubation step, after which the Eu3+ of the bound labeled antigen is released into an enhancement solution. The highly fluorescent Eu chelates formed in this solution are then quantified by time-resolved fluorometry (Delfia). The time-resolution principle effectively obviates possible interferences from complex biological material such as saliva. The assay detection limit was 1.5 micrograms/L. Intra- and interassay imprecisions (CVs) were 5.1% and 5.3%, respectively. The mean analytical recovery was 93%. The mean +/- SD concentration of HCA VI in paraffin-stimulated saliva was 6.8 +/- 4.3 mg/L (n = 30) and the secretion rate was 10.2 +/- 7.9 micrograms/min. The method was useful for further investigations of the role of HCA VI in difficult matrices, e.g., saliva.
Dissection of the Pathway of Molecular Recognition by Calmodulin (2002)

Amide hydrogen exchange has been used to examine the structural dynamics and energetics of the interaction of a peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCKp) with calcium-saturated calmodulin. Heteronuclear NMR (15)N-(1)H correlation spectroscopy was used to quantify amide proton exchange rates of the uniformly (15)N-labeled domain bound to calmodulin. A key feature of a proposed model for molecular recognition by calmodulin [Ehrhardt et al. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 2731-2738] is tested by examination of the dependence of amide hydrogen exchange on applied hydrostatic pressure. Hydrogen exchange rates and corresponding protection factors (1/K(op)) for individual amide protons of the bound smMLCKp domain span 5 orders of magnitude at ambient pressure. Individual protection factors decrease significantly in a linear fashion with increasing hydrostatic pressure. A common pressure dependence is revealed by a constant large negative volume change across the residues comprising the core of the bound helical domain. The pattern of protection factors and their response to hydrostatic pressure is consistent with a structural reorganization that results in the concerted disruption of ion pairs between calmodulin and the bound domain. These observations reinforce a model for the molecular recognition pathway where formation of the initial encounter complex is followed by helix-coil transitions in the bound state and subsequent concerted formation of the extensive ion pair network defining the intermolecular contact surface between CaM and the target domain in the final, compact complex structure.
Rebounding Droplet‐Droplet Collisions on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: from the Phenomenon to Droplet Logic (2012)

When water droplets impact each other while traveling on a superhydrophobic surface, we demonstrate that they are able to rebound like billiard balls. We present elementary Boolean logic operations and a flip-flop memory based on these rebounding water droplet collisions. Furthermore, bouncing or coalescence can be easily controlled by process parameters. Thus by the controlled coalescence of reactive droplets, here using the quenching of fluorescent metal nanoclusters as a model reaction, we also demonstrate an elementary operation for programmable chemistry.
ENCODED DROPLET MICROCARRIER FOR FORMATION AND ISOLA- TION OF DROPLET IN A MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE (2010)

We present an encoded amphiphilic microcarrier including microwell of femtoliter volume and microfluidic system for simultaneous dispensing quantified femtoliter liquid on amphiphilic microcarrier. The encoded amphiphilic microcarrier is composed of hydrophobic hexagonal outer structure and hydrophilic inner structure. We demonstrated fabrication and assembly of encoded amphiphilic microcarriers in a microfluidic device. Femtoliter aqueous volume was simultaneously loaded on encoded amphiphilic microcarriers by serial loading of aqueous liquid solution and oil solution. We controlled femtoscale dispensing volume by regulating microwell’s diameter and depth. This technique would be applicable to high-throughput multiplexed assay based on suspension-based assay with quantified liquid dispensing on a microcarrier in a microfluidic environment.
A low-voltage 32×32-bit multiplier in dynamic differential logic (2002)

A 32/spl times/32 bit multiplier has been designed using dynamic differential logic improved for low voltage operation. Booth 4 encoding has been used to achieve high speed and small area. Using a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process with Vth=0 V for 0.5 V operation, the estimated delay and power dissipation are 7 ns and 20 mW at 100 MHz. A test chip fabricated in a standard double-metal 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process with Vth=0.8 V for 5 V operation achieved 13 ns speed and 1.05 W power dissipation at 75 MHz.
ImageJ2: ImageJ for the next generation of scientific image data (2017)

Scientific imaging benefits from open-source programs that advance new method development and deployment to a diverse audience. ImageJ has continuously evolved with this idea in mind; however, new and emerging scientific requirements have posed corresponding challenges for ImageJ's development. The described improvements provide a framework engineered for flexibility, intended to support these requirements as well as accommodate future needs. Future efforts will focus on implementing new algorithms in this framework and expanding collaborations with other popular scientific software suites.
Development of advanced thermal insulation for appliances (1984)

The development of thermal insulation with an apparent thermal conductivity of less than 0.0072 W/(m K) (equivalent to a thermal resistance per inch thickness of 20 ft/sup 2/ h /sup 0/F/Btu) is discussed. A theoretical model that includes radiative and conductive heat transfer shows that the target thermal resistance can be attained by combinations of very fine powders and reduced pressures. Apparent thermal conductivities of fine powders were measured with three apparatuses. A linear heat flow measurement demonstrated apparent thermal conductivities as low as 0.0087 W/(m K) (R per inch = 16.6 ft/sup 2/ h /sup 0/F/Btu) for evacuated panels containing fine particles. Radial heat flow measurements on fine powders as a function of temperature, gas pressure, and bed density showed that apparent thermal conductivities below the target value can be achieved with pressures below 100 Pa. The radial heat flow measurements also demonstrated the existence of an optimum mass fraction solid in the powder insulations.
Novel millimeter-wave slow-wave phase shifter using MEMS technology (2011)

A novel mm-wave MEMS phase shifter based on a slow wave structure is introduced. The phase shifter uses co-planer wave guide that has the signal line loaded with inductors through capacitive coupling. The inductor and the capacitive coupling capacitor are designed to work for the mm-wave frequency range. Integrated metal to metal RF MEMS switches are designed such that inductors can be shortened to ground to obtain a normal CPW when the switches are closed. When the switches are open, the signal is traveling in the slow wave structures and a phase shift is obtained. Unlike other phase shifters, the proposed design can handle higher power and does not have neither MEMS capacitive nor metal to metal switches on the signal line. The measured pull-in voltage is 45 volt. The phase shifter is designed, modeled, fabricated and tested. The phase shift per length is 355 °/cm. The phase shifter exhibits high resolution of phase shift while maintaining a return loss of 20 dB and a worst insertion loss of 3.21 dB at 60 GHz.
RNAi-based gene silencing in primary mouse and human adipose tissues (2006)

Cultured adipocyte cell lines are a model system widely used to study adipose function, but they exhibit significant physiological differences compared with primary cells from adipose tissue. Here we report short interfering RNA-based methodology to selectively attenuate gene expression in mouse and human primary adipose tissues as a means of rapidly validating findings made in cultured adipocyte cell lines. The method is exemplified by depletion of the PTEN phosphatase in white adipose tissue (WAT) from mouse and humans, which increases Akt phosphorylation as expected. This technology is also shown to silence genes in mouse brown adipose tissue. Previous work revealed upregulation of the mitochondrial protein UCP1 in adipose cells from mice lacking the gene for the transcriptional corepressor RIP140, whereas in cultured adipocytes, loss of RIP140 has a little effect on UCP1 expression. Application of our method to deplete RIP140 in primary mouse WAT elicited markedly increased oxygen consumption and expression of UCP1 that exactly mimics the phenotype observed in RIP140-null mice. This ex-vivo method of gene silencing should be useful in rapid validation studies as well as in addressing the depot- and species-specific functions of genes in adipose biology.
Deep White-Balance Editing (2020)

We introduce a deep learning approach to realistically edit an sRGB image's white balance. Cameras capture sensor images that are rendered by their integrated signal processor (ISP) to a standard RGB (sRGB) color space encoding. The ISP rendering begins with a white-balance procedure that is used to remove the color cast of the scene's illumination. The ISP then applies a series of nonlinear color manipulations to enhance the visual quality of the final sRGB image. Recent work by [3] showed that sRGB images that were rendered with the incorrect white balance cannot be easily corrected due to the ISP's nonlinear rendering. The work in [3] proposed a k-nearest neighbor (KNN) solution based on tens of thousands of image pairs. We propose to solve this problem with a deep neural network (DNN) architecture trained in an end-to-end manner to learn the correct white balance. Our DNN maps an input image to two additional white-balance settings corresponding to indoor and outdoor illuminations. Our solution not only is more accurate than the KNN approach in terms of correcting a wrong white-balance setting but also provides the user the freedom to edit the white balance in the sRGB image to other illumination settings.
Evolution of Degree of Purity in Programming Languages (2012)

Pure method is a method, which does not have any side effects or the extent of the side effect is limited. Purity Analysis is the technique of determining pure methods. Purity information can be used to perform program analysis, specification, verification and optimization. The extent of side effects in a program can be expressed in terms of Degree of Purity. Degree of purity measures the side effects in different areas such as accessing of files, objects and variables, violation of programming constraints and possible exceptions. This paper proposes a model that measures the degree of purity of programming languages and implements it in scala. This allows us to determine concurrency in a program and execution in multi core machine.
[5-Isothiocyanato-1,8-naphthalenedicarbox-4-methylphenylimide, a new fluorescence reagent for compounds containing amino groups (author's transl)]. (1977)

5-Isothiocyanato-1,3-dioxo-2-p-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benz[de]isoquinoline (= 5-isothio-cyanato-1,8-naphthalenedicarbox-4-methylphenylimide, compd.5) was synthesized from 1H,3H-naphtho(1,8-cd)pyran-1,3-dione (= 1,8-naphtha-lenedicarboxylic anhydride, compd.1) through nitration, condensation with p-toluidine, reduction with tin(II)-chloride yielding 5-amino-1,3-dioxo-2-p-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benz(de)isoquino-line (4) as intermediate, and condensation with thiophosgene. Compd. 5 can be used for qualitative and quantitative analyses of compounds containing amino groups.
Nurse specialists in family planning. (1976)

In a training program in which nurse specialists ran an experimental family planning clinic a total of 768 patients were seen in the 1st year. Oral contraceptives (OCs) were administered to 377 patients and IUDs were inserted in 187 patients and an additional 204 IUD patients attended only for follow-up visits. All related side effects were adequately diagnosed by the nurse specialist; some required consultation by the physician for the purpose of verifying what the nurse had found. The importance of adequate discussion in family planning matters and the presence of a female attendant were confirmed in the 1st years clinical experiences. The enthusiasm shown by the nurse specialist and the high quality of patient care indicate that the doctor and the nurse specialist in family planning can work together.