gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute On‐Chip HIV Detection Through Label‐Free Electrical Sensing of Viral Nano‐Lysate (2013)

Development of portable biosensors has broad applications in environmental monitoring, clinical diagnosis, public health, and homeland security. There is an unmet need for pathogen detection at the point-of-care (POC) using a fast, sensitive, inexpensive, and easy-to-use method that does not require complex infrastructure and well-trained technicians. For instance, detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) at acute infection stage has been challenging, since current antibody-based POC technologies are not effective due to low concentration of antibodies. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time a label-free electrical sensing method that can detect lysed viruses, i.e. viral nano-lysate, through impedance analysis, offering an alternative technology to the antibody-based methods such as dipsticks and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The presented method is a broadly applicable platform technology that can potentially be adapted to detect multiple pathogens utilizing impedance spectroscopy for other infectious diseases including herpes, influenza, hepatitis, pox, malaria, and tuberculosis. The presented method offers a rapid and portable tool that can be used as a detection technology at the POC in resource-constrained settings, as well as hospital and primary care settings.
Properties of Ga<sub>1-x</sub>In<sub>x</sub>N Films Prepared by MOVPE (1989)

Epitaxial films of the solid solution Ga 1- x In x N (up to X =0.42) have been fabricated on (0001) sapphire substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) at 500°C. The properties of the films have been studied by the reflection high-energy electron diffraction technique, X-ray diffraction, and electrical and optical measurements. The fundamental absorption edge of the film decreases linearly with composition (up to X =0.42) from 3.20 eV to 2.01 eV at room temperature.
<i>The Theory of the Photographic Process</i> (1966)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation T. H. James, M. F. McCarthy; The Theory of the Photographic Process. Physics Today 1 October 1966; 19 (10): 95–97. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3047790 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Extent and time course of restoration of descending brainstem projections in spinal cord‐transected lamprey (1994)

The purpose of the present study was to determine the numbers of descending brainstem projections to different levels of the spinal cord in normal larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and to examine the restoration of these projections in animals 3-32 weeks after transection of the rostral spinal cord (approximately 10% of body length). In normal animals approximately 1,250, 900, and 825 brainstem neurons projected to 20%, 40%, and 60% of body length, respectively. Spinal projections originated from the diencephalon, mesencephalon, three rhombencephalic reticular nuclei, Müller and Mauthner neurons, and four cell groups in the caudal rhombencephalon. In spinal cord-transected animals the number of brainstem neurons projecting to 20% of body length increased with recovery time, and at 32 weeks post-transection the total number and distribution of brainstem neurons was not significantly different from normal animals. Brainstem projections first appeared at 40% of body length by 8 weeks post-transection, and were present at 60% of body length by 32 weeks post-transection. There was substantial restoration of brainstem projections to 40% of body length but limited restoration to 60% of body length. The approximately 50 brainstem neurons, including some Müller cells, that projected to 60% of body length at 32 weeks post-transection indicate that restoration of descending projections in excess of 50 mm can occur within the central nervous system of this vertebrate. These anatomical results are discussed in relation to the time course of recovery of locomotor function in spinal cord-transected lampreys.
SIRT3: A Central Regulator of Mitochondrial Adaptation in Health and Disease (2013)

SIRT3 is a NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase that regulates the function of numerous mitochondrial proteins with roles in metabolism, oxidative stress, and cell survival. It is emerging as an instrumental regulator of the mitochondrial adaptive responses to stress, including metabolic reprogramming and enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms. Here, we discuss the role that SIRT3 plays at both a cellular and physiological level and consider its involvement in disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key contributing factor in many diseases; however, the mechanisms involved are often not well understood, and few targeted therapies exist. If manipulation of SIRT3 proves to be beneficial in disease states, then it could be a promising target for novel therapies.
Flow of adsorbable gases and vapours in a microporous medium, II. Binary Mixtures (1963)

Abstract Several binary gas mixtures have been fractionated by diffusion through the high surface area microporous carbon plug characterized in part I (Ash, Barrer & Pope, previous paper). The efficiency of the separation processes varied with the differences in condensability of the pairs of gases and with their partial pressures. The dominant mode of transport of the less volatile components was on the surface of the adsorbent, so that the fractionation factors bore no relation to the rates of diffusion in the gas phase. The blockage of gas-phase flow by the adsorbed phase has been investigated quantitatively. This blockage can be so effective that the membrane becomes impermeable to a non-sorbed component (H2) while being freely permeable to a strongly sorbed component (SO2). Very high fractionation factors were also obtained with N2 + CO2 and Ne + CO2 mixtures. A + N2 mixtures showed a much smaller fractionation, both components being adsorbed to a comparable extent.
Circulating immune complexes of Aβ and IgM in plasma of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (2009)

It has previously been shown that immune complexes (IC) of a given biomarker with class M immunoglobulins (IgM) provide better performances compared to the unbound biomarker in a number of cancer entities. In the present work, we investigated IC of IgM-Abeta as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abeta-IgM concentration has been measured in 75 plasma samples from patients with AD, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (HC). To characterize the fractions associated with Abeta, pooled plasma samples were subjected to gel-filtration analysis. Size-separated fractions were analyzed for the presence of Abeta using a sandwich ELISA assay. A strong reactivity was observed in the high molecular weight IgM (>500 kDa) and 150 kDa (IgG) fractions indicating that blood Abeta is strongly associated with antibodies. Using an ELISA assay detecting Abeta-IgM complexes, we observed that high levels of Abeta-IgMs were detectable in HC and MCI patients; however, there was no significant difference to the AD group.
Coproporphyrin Excretion in Healthy Newborn Babies (1984)

The urinary and fecal coproporphyrins (CP) undergo significant changes in cholestatic diseases of both adults and infants and their determination may provide a diagnostic tool. Little is known about CP excretion in the first days of life. The authors have studied the daily urinary and fecal excretion of CP as well as the I and III isomer distribution in 10 healthy newborn babies from 1 to 10 days old. CP were determined by the solvent partition method and the isomer distribution by thin-layer chromatographic technique. Preliminary studies on urinary porphyrin pattern were performed using a personal high-performance liquid chromatographic method. CP excretion was almost 10 times higher on the 1st day than on the 10th, when expressed by adult standards. The isomer I accounted for almost 80% of the total amount on the first days, whereas at the end of the study, both the CP total amount and isomer distribution overlapped the infant and adult pattern. The authors propose a personal interpretation based on a possible transient enzymatic defect in the metabolic chain of heme synthesis.
Broadband ultrasonic transducers using a LiNbO/sub 3/ plate with a ferroelectric inversion layer (2003)

Some heat treatment of a LiNbO/sub 3/ plate induces domain inversion, thereby yielding a ferroelectric inversion layer. In such a piezoelectric plate with an inversion layer, even-order thickness-extensional modes as well as odd-order modes can be excited piezoelectrically. Therefore, the ultrasonic transducer using such a piezoelectric plate is expected to operate over a wide frequency range. In this paper it is shown that broadband ultrasonic transducers can be obtained at a certain thickness ratio of inversion layer to plate and that the transducer characteristics differ depending on whether the inversion layer is on the front side or on the backside. The broadband characteristics are experimentally demonstrated by fabricating transducers with 9 MHz or 75 MHz center frequency using 36/spl deg/ rotated Y-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ plates with a ferroelectric inversion layer.
How about alternatives to phthalate plasticizers? (2003)

Abstract Phthalate plasticizers have historically served as the preferred plasticizers to impart flexibility to PVC and several other polar polymers. They provide a desirable balance of cost and performance properties. Their acceptable and safe use is unmatched in medical appliances, food processing, and packaging applications, as well as in many other end uses. Potential alternatives do not have the historical record of acceptable performance found with phthalate plasticizers. Nevertheless, the “Precautionary Principle” has caused certain segments of society to clamor for alternates to phthalate plasticizers. This paper reviews known “non‐phthalate” plasticizers and provides comparisons to the traditional “General Purpose” (GP) phthalate plasticizers; “General Purpose” plasticizers are those that impart optimum overall performance properties in PVC at lowest cost.
LcrQ and SycH function together at the Ysc type III secretion system in <i>Yersinia pestis</i> to impose a hierarchy of secretion (2002)

LcrQ is a regulatory protein unique to Yersinia. Previous study in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica prompted the model in which LcrQ negatively regulates the expression of a set of virulence proteins called Yops, and its secretion upon activation of the Yop secretion (Ysc) type III secretion system permits full induction of Yops expression. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that LcrQ's effects on Yops expression might be indirect. Excess LcrQ was found to exert an inhibitory effect specifically at the level of Yops secretion, independent of production, and a normal inner Ysc gate protein LcrG was required for this activity. However, overexpression of LcrQ did not prevent YopH secretion, suggesting that LcrQ's effects at the Ysc discriminate among the Yops. We tested this idea by determining the effects of deletion or overexpression of LcrQ, YopH and their common chaperone SycH on early Yop secretion through the Ysc. Together, our findings indicated that LcrQ is not a negative regulator directly, but it acts in partnership with SycH at the Ysc gate to control the entry of a set of Ysc secretion substrates. A hierarchy of YopH secretion before YopE appears to be imposed by SycH in conjunction with both LcrQ and YopH. LcrQ and SycH in addition influenced the deployment of LcrV, a component of the Yops delivery mechanism. Accordingly, LcrQ appears to be a central player in determining the substrate specificity of the Ysc.
Inverse-bremsstrahlung electron acceleration (1991)

A single-particle computation, simple analysis, and a particle simulation show that energy gain of an electron in a vacuum is possible using a laser and with a weak perpendicular static electric field (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{app}}$). This simple system does not need any structure to accelerate the electron. If ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{app}}$=0 an electron will just oscillate, with no net acceleration because of the symmetry of the laser's electromagnetic wave in space and time. The static electric field breaks the symmetry of the wave so that the a electron is accelerated in both half wavelengths of the wave.
Rapid-Reaction Analysis of Plasmid DNA Cleavage by the <i>Eco</i>RV Restriction Endonuclease (1997)

Rapid-reaction methods have been used previously to identify intermediates in the reaction of the EcoRV restriction endonuclease on oligonucleotide substrates. In this study, the pathway on macromolecular DNA was elucidated by using the quench-flow method to analyze EcoRV reactions on a plasmid with one recognition site. Some reactions were carried out by first allowing the EcoRV enzyme to bind nonspecifically to the DNA and then initiating DNA cleavage by adding magnesium ions. The subsequent transfer of the enzyme from nonspecific to specific sites was extremely rapid, at a random walk rate of at least 5 x 10(5) base pairs per second. The two strands of the DNA at the EcoRV recognition site were then cleaved sequentially, at rates that were faster than the turnover number of the enzyme. The rates recorded for the cleavage steps were direct measurements of phosphodiester hydrolysis, while the turnover is limited by the dissociation of the product cleaved in both strands. Other reactions were initiated by adding EcoRV and MgCl2 to the DNA: these revealed not only the processes observed in reactions starting from DNA-bound enzyme but also the bimolecular association of the protein with the plasmid. The association rate was limited by diffusion but its rate constant, 1.2 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1), was unusually small for the binding of a protein to DNA. The slowness of this diffusion-controlled process may be due to a rapid oscillation of the protein between closed and open conformations, with only the open form capable of binding DNA.
Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) in a Quadruple Well Technology for Nearly 100% Fill Factor and Full CMOS Pixels (2008)

In this paper we present a novel, quadruple well process developed in a modern 0.18 mm CMOS technology called INMAPS. On top of the standard process, we have added a deep P implant that can be used to form a deep P-well and provide screening of N-wells from the P-doped epitaxial layer. This prevents the collection of radiation-induced charge by unrelated N-wells, typically ones where PMOS transistors are integrated. The design of a sensor specifically tailored to a particle physics experiment is presented, where each 50 mm pixel has over 150 PMOS and NMOS transistors. The sensor has been fabricated in the INMAPS process and first experimental evidence of the effectiveness of this process on charge collection is presented, showing a significant improvement in efficiency.
Extended thoracic endovascular aortic repair for residual aortic dissection after type A aortic dissection repair (2021)

The short-term outcomes of extended TEVAR for residual chronic type B aortic dissection after TAAD repair were acceptable without perioperative SCI. Aggressive descending thoracic aorta coverage may prevent aortic events, and extended TEVAR may be a preemptive treatment for the downstream aorta. Mid- to long-term results should be clarified.
Poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene sodium sulfonate-co-n-butyl acrylate) terpolymer based cation exchange membrane for water desalination via electrodialysis (2015)

One step synthesis of terpolymer-based cation exchange membrane for water desalination <italic>via</italic> electrodialysis.
3D HPLC-MS with Reversed-Phase Separation Functionality in All Three Dimensions for Large-Scale Bottom-Up Proteomics and Peptide Retention Data Collection (2016)

The growing complexity of proteomics samples and the desire for deeper analysis drive the development of both better MS instrument and advanced multidimensional separation schemes. We applied 1D, 2D, and 3D LC-MS/MS separation protocols (all of reversed-phase C18 functionality) to a tryptic digest of whole Jurkat cell lysate to estimate the depth of proteome coverage and to collect high-quality peptide retention information. We varied pH of the eluent and hydrophobicity of ion-pairing modifier to achieve good separation orthogonality (utilization of MS instrument time). All separation modes employed identical LC settings with formic-acid-based eluents in the last dimension. The 2D protocol used a high pH-low pH scheme with 21 concatenated fractions. In the 3D protocol, six concatenated fractions from the first dimension (C18, heptafluorobutyric acid) were analyzed using the identical 2D LC-MS procedure. This approach permitted a detailed evaluation of the analysis output consuming 21× and 126× the analysis time and sample load compared to 1D. Acquisition over 189 h of instrument time in 3D mode resulted in the identification of ∼14 000 proteins and ∼250 000 unique peptides. We estimated the dynamic range via peak intensity at the MS(2) level as approximately 10(4.2), 10(5.6), and 10(6.2) for the 1D, 2D, and 3D protocols, respectively. The uniform distribution of the number of acquired MS/MS, protein, and peptide identifications across all 126 fractions and through the chromatographic time scale in the last LC-MS stage indicates good separation orthogonality. The protocol is scalable and is amenable to the use of peptide retention prediction in all dimensions. All these features make it a very good candidate for large-scale bottom-up proteomic runs, which target both protein identification as well as the collection of peptide retention data sets for targeted quantitative applications.
One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Comb-Like ZnO Nanostructures (2012)

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nano-superstructures (NSSs) have attracted intense research interests due to their large surface areas and unique properties. In this work, we report an original approach to synthesize ZnO NSSs in a one-step manner with a hydrothermal method. The crystalline structures and growth mechanism can be understood by surface energy calculations. The reaction kinetics was investigated for the control of the morphology of ZnO NSSs. The critical role of the morphology of Au catalysts in the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures has been demonstrated. Such ZnO NSSs can be fabricated on various rigid and flexible substrates for applications in electronics, solar cells and piezoelectric devices.
Abnormal accumulation of trace metals by plants (1996)

The article describes the hyperaccumulation of metals by plants. Ranges for low, normal, high, and hyperaccumulating uptake are established. A partial list of hyperaccumulator species and their localities is included. Studies are reviewed and summarized for zinc, cadmium and lead, nickel, cobalt and copper, selenium, and cadmium and manganese hyperaccumulation.
Interferometer based on total internal reflection (1995)

An interferometer is investigated in which the interacting beams undergo total internal reflection from a boundary surface with a variable relative refractive index. The high sensitivity of the change in the interference pattern with respect to small changes in the refractive index in the vicinity of the critical angle is theoretically proved and experimentally confirmed.
Thermal runaway avoidance during burn-in (2004)

In deep sub-micron technologies, increased standby leakage current in high performance processors results in increased junction temperature. Elevated junction temperature causes further increase on the standby leakage current. The standby leakage current is expected to increase even more under the burn-in environment leading to still higher junction temperature and possibly the thermal runaway. In this paper we investigate the thermal management of high performance processors during burn-in.
Cytotoxic Flavonoids and New Chromenes from<i>Ficus formosana</i>f.<i>formosana</i> (2005)

Two new chromenes, ficuformodiol A and ficuformodiol B, and nine known compounds including one chromene, spatheliachromen, six flavonoids, obovatin, carpachromene ( 5), apigenin ( 6), norartocarpetin ( 7), steppogenin, 6-prenylpinocembrin, one benzopyran, chromenylacrylic acid, and one isocoumarin, ( R)-(-)-mellein, were obtained from the cytotoxic chloroform-soluble fraction of the stems of Ficus formosana f. formosana (Moraceae). Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 5, 6 and 7 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against HepG2, PLC/PRF/5 and Raji cancer cell lines in vitro.
Outage probability analysis of cooperative transmission protocols without and with network coding (2007)

In wireless networks, cooperative transmission is used as a means to combat channel fading. In this system, a source and a relay transmit each others' messages to a common destination using either amplify-and-forward or decode-and-forward strategies; the protocols in cooperative transmission can also broadly be categorized as static and adaptive. The idea in a network-coding-based cooperative transmission protocol is to allow the source and relay to combine messages by a network coding operation; a modulo-2 sum operation implements this network coding. In this work, the performance of various decode-and-forward-based cooperative transmission protocols without and with additional network coding is investigated. Outage probability is used as a measure of performance, and results for symmetrical source-relay and source/relay-destination channels are presented; also a source-relay-channels-based comparison is made. Based on these outage results, network-coding-based protocols are found to be suitable when the source-relay channels are unreliable; when the source-relay channels are good, protocols without network coding perform better. Moreover, to improve the performance of static protocols, we have introduced a sequence of decoding at the destination, and the corresponding outage results show that these protocols can achieve full diversity.
Modeling, Optimization, and Comparative Analysis of Trivalent Chromium Electrodeposition from Aqueous Glycine and Formic Acid Baths (2005)

Trivalent chromium electrodeposition has been studied as an alternative to hazardous hexavalent chromium electroplating. Although limited by inability to deposit thick coatings with acceptable quality, it is useful for decorative chromium electroplating. In the present work, we illustrate the application of statistical design of experiments (DOE) in empirical modeling and optimization of electrodeposition of trivalent chromium from baths of chromium complexed with glycine. DOE shows that variations in current efficiency with glycine and chromium chloride concentrations can be explained by a quadratic model. The composition of the bath was optimized with respect to current efficiency to obtain faster deposition. We compare the effects of process parameters (pH, temperature, current density, and pulsed current) on current efficiency and deposit characteristics for both glycine and formic acid-containing baths. Experiments reveal that whether pulsed current increases or decreases current efficiency is determined by how current density influences current efficiency, and the range of lower and upper current density levels.