gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eliminating Factor H-Binding Activity of Borrelia burgdorferi CspZ Combined with Virus-Like Particle Conjugation Enhances Its Efficacy as a Lyme Disease Vaccine (2018)

The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, the most common tick-borne disease in the U.S and Europe. No potent human vaccine is currently available. The innate immune complement system is vital to host defense against pathogens, as complement activation on the surface of spirochetes results in bacterial killing. Complement system is inhibited by the complement regulator factor H. To escape killing, B. burgdorferi produces an outer surface protein CspZ that binds factor H to inhibit complement activation on the cell surface. Immunization with CspZ alone does not protect mice from infection, which we speculate is because factor H-binding cloaks potentially protective epitopes. We modified CspZ by conjugating to virus-like particles (VLP-CspZ) and eliminating factor H binding (modified VLP-CspZ) to increase immunogenicity. We observed greater bactericidal antibody titers in mice vaccinated with modified VLP-CspZ: A serum dilution of 1:395 (modified VLP-CspZ) vs 1:143 (VLP-CspZ) yielded 50% borreliacidal activity. Immunizing mice with modified VLP-CspZ cleared spirochete infection, as did passive transfer of elicited antibodies. This work developed a novel Lyme disease vaccine candidate by conjugating CspZ to VLP and eliminating factor H-binding ability. Such a strategy of conjugating an antigen to a VLP and eliminating binding to the target ligand can serve as a general model for developing vaccines against other bacterial infectious agents.
Electrical resonance and Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx in the synaptic terminal of depolarizing bipolar cells from the Goldfish retina (1997)

1. Whole-cell recordings and fura-2 measurements of cytoplasmic [Ca2+] were made in depolarizing bipolar cells isolated from the retinae of goldfish. The aim was to study the voltage signal that regulates Ca2+ influx in the synaptic terminal. 2. The current-voltage relation was linear up to about -44 mV. At this threshold, the injection of 1 pA of current triggered a maintained 'all-or-none' depolarization to a plateau of -34 mV, associated with a decrease in input resistance and a damped voltage oscillation with a frequency of 50-70 Hz and initial amplitude of 4-10 mV. A second frequency component of 5-10 Hz was often observed. In a minority of cells the response to current injection was transient, recovering with an undershoot. 3. Unstimulated bipolar cells generated similar voltage signals, driven by current entering the cell through a non-specific cation conductance that continuously varied in amplitude. 4. The threshold for activation of the Ca2+ current was -43 mV and free [Ca2+]i in the synaptic terminal rose during a depolarizing response. Simultaneous measurements of the fluorescence associated with the membrane marker FM1-43 demonstrated that these Ca2+ signals stimulated exocytosis. Regenerative depolarizations and associated rises in [Ca2+]i were blocked by inhibiting L-type Ca2+ channels with 30 microM nifedipine. 5. Depolarization beyond -40 mV also elicited an outwardly rectifying K+ current. Blocking this current by replacing external Ca2+ with Ba2+ caused the voltage reached during a depolarizing response to increase to +10 mV. 6. The majority of the K+ current was blocked by 100 nM charybdotoxin, indicating that it was carried by large-conductance Ca2+ activated K+ channels. A transient voltage-gated K+ current remained, which began to activate at -40 mV. High-frequency voltage oscillations were blocked by 100 nM charybdotoxin, but low-frequency oscillations remained. 7. These results indicate that the voltage response of depolarizing bipolar cells is shaped by L-type Ca2+ channels, Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels and voltage-dependent K+ channels. This combination of conductances regulates Ca2+ influx into the synaptic terminal and confers an electrical resonance on the bipolar cell.
Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials (2000)

With IC technology continuing to advance, the analysis of very small structures remains critically important. Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials provides an overview of advances in semiconductor studies using microscopy. The book explores the use of transmission and scanning electron microscopy, ultrafine electron probes, and EELS to investigat
Bases for International Market Segmentation (1997)

Abstract International segmentation approaches are reviewed and assessed in this article. These approaches are classified into four complementary groups of segmentation bases: the macro-based, the demand-based, the global consumer-based, and the strategy-based. While both macro-based and demand-based approaches focus on country clustering, the global consumer-based approach sought to segment world markets by transnational consumer characteristics. As a managerial oriented approach, strategy-based segmentation takes country characteristics, consumer characteristics and product characteristics into consideration in choosing market-specific strategies.
Knee effusions, popliteal cysts, and synovial thickening: association with knee pain in osteoarthritis. (2001)

Effusions and popliteal cysts are common in middle aged and elderly people. After adjusting for the degree of radiographic OA, moderate or large effusions and synovial thickening were more frequent among those with knee pain than those without pain, suggesting these features are associated with the pain of knee OA. In those with knee symptoms, synovial thickening is uniquely associated with the severity of knee pain.
[Usefulness of serum cystatin-C as a marker of the renal function: a comparative evaluation with beta 2-microglobulin, alpha 1-microglobulin and creatinine]. (1999)

We evaluated the usefulness of cystatin-C as a marker of renal function. Serum cystatin-C level was measured using latex agglutination tests in 885 patients with various forms of renal disease and 200 healthy subjects. In addition to cystatin-C, serum beta 2-microglobulin, alpha 1-microglobulin and serum creatinine (Scr) were measured concomitantly in the same sample. The serum cystatin-C level inversely correlated more closely with creatinine clearance (Ccr) (r = -0.90) than serum beta 2-microglobulin (r = -0.85), alpha 1-microglobulin (r = -0.74) and Scr (r = -0.78). In patients with mildly impaired renal function (defined as Ccr 71-90 ml/min), a significant increase in cystatin-C level was observed in 24% of patients, whereas elevated beta 2-microglobulin and Scr were seen in 8% and elevated alpha 1-microglobulin was seen in 17%. In patients with normal renal function (defined as Ccr > or = 100 ml/min), increased cystatin-C level was observed in 7% of patients, whereas beta 2-microglobulin was seen in 2%, Scr in 2% and alpha 1-microglobulin in 11%. These data suggest that cystatin-C is a better marker of glomerular filtration than beta 2-microglobulin, alpha 1-microglobulin and Scr. Moreover cystatin-C measurement offers improved clinical sensitivity as a screening test for early renal damage.
Possible Association of SLC22A2 Polymorphisms with Aspirin-Intolerant Asthma (2011)

Our findings suggest that SLC22A2 could be a susceptibility gene for aspirin intolerance in asthmatics.
Phosphorus Functionalized Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers: Is There a Need for Perfect Dendrimers in Catalysis? (2009)

Abstract In this paper we describe the facile and straightforward covalent functionalization of commercially available dendritic poly(propylenimine) and hyper‐branched poly(ethylenimine) with P‐containing functional groups. The P‐functionalized macromolecules have been applied as multivalent ligands in the Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution reactions (batch and continuous process) using either morpholine or thiophenol as nucleophile. Palladium complexes of all described molecules are active in allylic substitution reactions. The PEI functionalized polymers appear more sensitive to small changes in the P/Pd ratio than the PPI analogues, but form catalysts that are more active. When used in a continuous flow process the macromolecules are completely retained by the nanofiltration membrane, while the catalytic activity decreases with time because of palladium depletion. This is more severe for the allylic thiolation, probably because of the stronger affinity of sulfur for palladium, facilitating palladium leaching.
Accumulate repeat accumulate coded modulation (2005)

In this paper we propose an innovative coded modulation scheme called "accumulate repeat accumulate coded modulation" (ARA coded modulation). This class of codes can be viewed as serial turbo-like codes, or as a subclass of low density parity check (LDPC) codes that are combined with high level modulation. Thus at the decoder belief propagation can be used for iterative decoding of ARA coded modulation on a graph, provided a demapper transforms the received inphase and quadrature samples to reliability of the bits. The structure of encoder for this class can be viewed as preceded repeat accumulate (RA) code or as preceded irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) code when combined with high order modulation, where simply an accumulator is chosen as a precoder to improve the performance. The ARA coded modulation has a simple, and a very fast encoder structure when representing LDPC coded modulation. Based on density evolution through some examples for ARA code with BPSK modulation, we show that for maximum variable node degree 5 a minimum bit SNR as low as 0.2-0.3 dB from channel capacity for code rates 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4 can be achieved as the block size goes to infinity . Thus based on fixed low maximum variable node degree, its threshold outperforms not only the RA and IRA codes but also the best known unstructured irregular LDPC codes reported in the literature. Iterative decoding simulation results are provided for BPSK, QPSK, 8 PSK, and 16 QAM modulations over additive white Gaussian noise. The ARA code also has projected graph or protograph representation, that allows for high speed decoder implementation.
Pharmacological characterization of serotonin receptor in the oocyte membrane of bivalve molluscs and its formation during oogenesis (1998)

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a major neurotransmitter that triggers the spawning of bivalve molluscs and oocyte germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) of oocytes. The present study employed [3H] 5-HT binding assay to characterize a putative receptor on oocyte membranes prepared from scallops and oysters. Results demonstrated a profile of hormone control of 5-HT receptor formation during oocyte growth. The dissociation constants for 5-HT on the surfaces of scallop and oyster oocytes were estimated to be 2.64 μM and 2.01 μM, respectively, and the maximal binding capacity of the oocyte surface was 152 pmol/mg protein in scallops and 529 pmol/mg protein in oysters. The inhibition of [3H] 5-HT bound by various agonists and antagonists provided pharmacological evidence for a 5-HT receptor in each oocyte, a mixed profile of 5-HT1/5-HT2 in scallops and a single profile of 5-HT1 in oyster. Formation of 5-HT receptor on the surface of the scallop oocyte was induced by estradiol-17β(E2), which was suggested as a primary promoter of the effect of E2 on sensitivity to 5-HT, resulting in the induction of spawning. This formation occurred during oocyte growth controlled by E2. J. Exp. Zool. 281:124–131, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Case 2-1971 (1971)

Presentation of CaseA 27-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of weakness.She had been well until five and a half years previously, when bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy developed. Four months later fever and fatigue occurred, and a biopsy of a cervical lymph node disclosed Hodgkin's lymphoma, nodular-sclerosis type; a bone-marrow biopsy was negative. After a course of radiotherapy in a dose of 3500 rads delivered to the mediastinum and 1600 rads to each supraclavicular region no lymph nodes were palpable, and the patient was asymptomatic. Four and a half years before admission an appendectomy was performed; no evidence . . .
DIP-MIP: distributed individual paging extension for mobile IP in IP-based cellular networks (2005)

The mobility-enabling protocol mobile IP supports location registration but not paging. However, current cellular networks use registration as well as paging procedures to minimize signaling cost. Accordingly, an extension to mobile IP using distributed individual paging, the so-called DIP-MIP protocol, is proposed for managing mobility in IP-based cellular networks. In DIP-MIP, each mobile host derives its own paging area size by optimizing a signaling cost function based on its individual mobility pattern. The cost function itself may use either of two mobility models - fluid flow and random walk and the performance of DIP-MIP is analyzed for both. The impact of various parameters on the DIP-MIP signaling cost and the optimal size of the paging area is studied as well.
Subband or cepstral domain filtering for recognition of Lombard and channel-distorted speech (1993)

High-pass or band-pass filtering of log subband energies has been shown to improve the robustness of automatic speech recognition to convolutional channel distortions. The authors compare several such filters and apply them in the PLP cepstral domain as well as the log subband domain. They evaluate the robustness of these techniques to Lombard-style test speech with additive noise and their ability to cancel channel effects. They explicitly examine the interactions of such high-pass or band-pass filters with cepstral time derivatives (which are themselves high-pass functions). Conclusions are drawn about factors (e.g., log subband vs cepstral domain, high-pass vs band-pass filter characteristics, and use of time derivatives) which determine the success of these filtering approaches for speaker-independent speech recognition in distorted-channel and noisy-Lombard conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Montgomery Modular Multiplication Algorithm and its VLSI Design for RSA Cryptosystem (2007)

Modular exponentiation for RSA cryptosystem is usually accomplished by repeated modular multiplications on large integers, which is considerably time-consuming. To speed up the operation, the Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm is employed to eliminate the trial division, and the carry-save addition is used to alleviate the carry propagation delay. In this paper, we propose a unified Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm that can be applied to fulfil either the conventional modular multiplication or squaring operation in carry-save form so as to achieve area-efficient design of modular exponentiation. Meanwhile, we reduce the number of input operands for carry-save addition by mathematical manipulation to minimize the resulting critical path delay. Compared with the existing works, our modular exponentiation design obtains the least hardware complexity and outperforms them in terms of area-time (AT) complexity.
Application of a New Family of P,N Ligands to the Highly Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Aryl Alkyl and Dialkyl Ketones (2002)

Comparable to or even better than the best enantioselectivities that can be obtained through asymmetric hydrogenation of dialkyl ketones are the ee values obtained in the catalytic asymmetric hydrosilylation of such ketones with the catalyst system Rh/1 (see scheme). In terms of both scope and stereoselectivity, this method compares favorably with previously described catalysts for this process as the Rh/1 system also furnishes consistently excellent ee values and yields with aryl alkyl ketones. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z19488_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Vasohibin-2 Expressed in Human Serous Ovarian Adenocarcinoma Accelerates Tumor Growth by Promoting Angiogenesis (2012)

Vasohibin-1 (VASH1) is a VEGF-inducible endothelium-derived angiogenesis inhibitor and VASH2 is its homolog. Our previous analysis revealed that VASH1 is expressed in endothelial cells to terminate angiogenesis, whereas VASH2 is expressed in infiltrating mononuclear cells mobilized from bone marrow to promote angiogenesis in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced subcutaneous angiogenesis. To test the possible involvement of VASH2 in the tumor, we examined human ovarian cancer cells for the presence of VASH2. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that VASH2 protein was preferentially detected in cancer cells of serous ovarian adenocarcinoma. We then used SKOV-3 and DISS, two representative human serous adenocarcinoma cell lines, and examined the role of VASH2 in the tumor. The knockdown of VASH2 showed little effect on the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro but notably inhibited tumor growth, peritoneal dissemination, and tumor angiogenesis in a murine xenograft model. Next, we stably transfected the human VASH2 gene into two types of murine tumor cells, EL-4 and MLTC-1, in which endogenous VASH2 was absent. When either EL-4 or MLTC-1 cells were inoculated into VASH2 (-/-) mice, the VASH2 transfectants formed bigger tumors when compared with the controls, and the tumor microvessel density was significantly increased. VASH2 stimulated the migration of endothelial cells, and its increased expression in cancer cells is related to the decrease of mir-200b. These results indicate that VASH2 expressed in serous ovarian carcinoma cells promoted tumor growth and peritoneal dissemination by promoting angiogenesis.
REACTIONS OF MONO- AND DI-AMINES WITH CARBON DISULFIDE. I. N,N'-DIALKYLETHYLENEDIAMINE-CARBON DISULFIDE REACTIONS<sup>1</sup> (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTREACTIONS OF MONO- AND DI-AMINES WITH CARBON DISULFIDE. I. N,N'-DIALKYLETHYLENEDIAMINE-CARBON DISULFIDE REACTIONS1ROBERT A. DONIA, JAMES A. SHOTTON, LLOYD O. BENTZ, and GEORGE E. P. SMITH JR.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1949, 14, 6, 946–951Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01158a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01158a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views805Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hippocampal nitric oxide upregulation precedes memory loss and A<i>β</i><sub>1-40</sub>accumulation after chronic brain hypoperfusion in rats (2003)

Chronic brain hypoperfusion (CBH) using permanent occlusion of both common carotid arteries in an aging rat model, has been shown to mimic human mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an acknowledged high risk condition that often converts to Alzheimer's disease. An aging rat model was used to determine whether hippocampal nitric oxide (NO) is abnormally expressed following CBH for two or eight weeks. At each time point, spatial memory was measured with the Morris water maze and hippocampal A beta 1-40/1-42 concentrations were obtained using sandwich ELISA. Real-time amperometric measures of NO representing the constitutive isoforms of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and endothelial (e)NOS were also taken at each time point to ascertain whether NO levels changed as a result of CBH, and if so, whether such NO changes preceded or followed any memory or amyloid-beta pathology. We found that two weeks after CBH, NO hippocampal levels were upregulated nearly four-fold when compared to nonoccluded rats but no alteration in spatial memory of A beta products were observed at this time point. By contrast, NO concentration had declined to control levels by eight weeks but spatial memory was found significantly impaired and A beta 1-40 (but not A beta 1-42) had increased in the CBH group when compared to control rats. Since changes in shear stress are known to upregulate eNOS but generally not nNOS, these results suggest that shear stress induced by CBH hyperactivated vascular NO derived from eNOS in the first two weeks as a reaction by the capillary endothelium to maintain homeostasis of local cerebral blood flow. The return of vascular NO to basal levels after eight weeks of CBH may have triggered metabolic changes within hippocampal cells resulting in hippocampal dysfunction as reflected by spatial memory impairment and by accumulation of A beta 1-40 peptide. In conclusion, our study shows that CBH initiates spatial memory loss in aging rats thus mimicking human MCI and also increases A beta 1-40 in the hippocampus. The memory and amyloid changes are preceded by NO upregulation in the hippocampus. These preliminary findings may be important in understanding, at least in part, the molecular mechanisms that precede memory impairment during chronic brain ischemia and as such, the pre-clinical stage leading to Alzheimer's disease.
Four Moloney murine leukemia virus-infected rat cell clones producing replication-defective particles: protein and nucleic acid analyses (1981)

Four cloned rat cell lines (NX-1 to -4) infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus and defective in virus replication were found to be all different by viral protein and nucleic acid analyses. All four clones produced noninfectious particles and, except for NX-2, at about the same level as wild type. Compared with wild-type virions these defective particles contained larger amounts of gag precursor proteins and very little or no p30 or p15. Analysis of intracellular precursor proteins revealed that NX-2 to -4 synthesized normal Pr65gag, whereas NX-1 produced a slightly smaller precursor. Both NX-1 and NX-4 synthesized an intracellular polyprotein with a size similar to that of wild-type Pr180 gag-pol. Restriction endonuclease analysis of NX-1 to -4 cellular DNA showed that each clone contained a single integrated provirus which possessed large terminal repeat sequences at both the 5' and 3' ends. The proviruses of NX-1 to -3 appeared normal by restriction endonuclease analysis, but NX-4 provirus had a deletion of 1,700 base pairs comprising part of the polymerase region. The noninfectious particles produced by all four clones packaged Moloney viral RNAs and rat RNAs of two different sizes.