gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple Binary Ovonic Threshold Switching Material SiTe and Its Excellent Selector Performance for High-Density Memory Array Application (2017)

In this letter, simple binary Ovonic threshold switching (OTS) material with outstanding selector device performance has been demonstrated. Even with its simple material composition and easy fabrication process, the selector device with the binary OTS material showed excellent selector performance such as high-OFF resistance (> 1 G <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 0.1 V), low-ON resistance (< 1 k <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 2.0 V), extremely sharp switching slope (< 1 mV/dec), fast operating speed ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{t}_{\mathrm {transition}} <2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ns, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{t}_{\mathrm {delay}} <7$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ns), high endurance (> 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> cycles of 150 ns pulse), high electrical stability (> 1 ks at 1.2 V), and high thermal stability (> 400 °C / 30 min). Furthermore, conduction mechanism of the OTS has been explained by Poole-Frenkel-based analytical modeling.
Optimal growth conditions for molecular-beam epitaxy of Nd3+ doped CaF2 (1991)

Nd3+ incorporation in CaF2 layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on CaF2 substrates is investigated by making use of the photoluminescence lines associated with Nd3+ centers involving one or several Nd3+ ions. It is shown that the substrate crystal orientation has no effect on the aggregation state of Nd3+ while the growth temperature greatly influences the formation of Nd3+ aggregate centers. An optimum growth temperature around 500 °C is determined, leading to CaF2 layers of good crystal quality in which the main emission, related to single Nd3+ centers, is optimized. The results have been obtained for Nd3+ concentrations as high as 3.6 wt % Nd and growth rates in the range of 0.2–1 μm/h.
Open source computer-vision based guidance system for UAVs on-board decision making (2016)

The use of UAVs for remote sensing tasks; e.g. agriculture, search and rescue is increasing. The ability for UAVs to autonomously find a target and perform on-board decision making, such as descending to a new altitude or landing next to a target is a desired capability. Computer-vision functionality allows the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to follow a designated flight plan, detect an object of interest, and change its planned path. In this paper we describe a low cost and an open source system where all image processing is achieved on-board the UAV using a Raspberry Pi 2 microprocessor interfaced with a camera. The Raspberry Pi and the autopilot are physically connected through serial and communicate via MAVProxy. The Raspberry Pi continuously monitors the flight path in real time through USB camera module. The algorithm checks whether the target is captured or not. If the target is detected, the position of the object in frame is represented in Cartesian coordinates and converted into estimate GPS coordinates. In parallel, the autopilot receives the target location approximate GPS and makes a decision to guide the UAV to a new location. This system also has potential uses in the field of Precision Agriculture, plant pest detection and disease outbreaks which cause detrimental financial damage to crop yields if not detected early on. Results show the algorithm is accurate to detect 99% of object of interest and the UAV is capable of navigation and doing on-board decision making.
Circulating Endothelial Cell/Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules in Atherosclerosis (1994)

Soluble adhesion molecules E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) were measured alongside von Willebrand factor (vWf) in 40 patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), 43 with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and in equal numbers of age and sex matched asymptomatic controls. Increased vWf was found in patients with IHD (p = 0.0008) and in patients with PVD (p = 0.0001) relative to their respective controls but levels did not differ between the two patient groups. Raised sICAM was found in both PVD (p = 0.0003) and IHD (p = 0.0059) compared to their respective controls and was higher in PVD than in IHD (p = 0.0088). In the subjects taken as a whole, there was no correlation between vWf and sICAM. Levels of soluble E-selectin and sVCAM did not differ in patients or controls. These data suggest that soluble ICAM may be useful as an index of endothelial cell activation in clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis.
Innovative methods in soil phosphorus research: A review (2015)

Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable element for all life on Earth and, during the past decade, concerns about the future of its global supply have stimulated much research on soil P and method development. This review provides an overview of advanced state-of-the-art methods currently used in soil P research. These involve bulk and spatially resolved spectroscopic and spectrometric P speciation methods (1 and 2D NMR, IR, Raman, Q-TOF MS/MS, high resolution-MS, NanoSIMS, XRF, XPS, (µ)XAS) as well as methods for assessing soil P reactions (sorption isotherms, quantum-chemical modeling, microbial biomass P, enzymes activity, DGT, <sup>33</sup>P isotopic exchange, <sup>18</sup>O isotope ratios). Required experimental set-ups and the potentials and limitations of individual methods present a guide for the selection of most suitable methods or combinations.
Performances of a full‐scale novel multiplate anaerobic reactor treating cheese whey effluent (1995)

A 450-m(3) multiplate anaerobic reactor (MPAR) has been started-up in April 1992 for treating wastewater (whey permeate and domestic wastewater) at the Nutrinor (Lactel) cheese factory in Chambord (Québec, Canada). The MPAR consists of four superimposed sections. The liquid flows upwards from one section to the next, while the gas is collected below each plate and evacuated through side-outlets. The wastewater is concurrently distributed at the bottom of the first, second, and third sections, as 50%, 33%, and 17% of the total influent stream, respectively. Granular anaerobic sludge at an initial concentration of 30 kg of volatile suspended solids (VSS) per cubic meter of reactor liquid volume was used to inoculate the reactor. Under normal operation of the factory, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of the influent ranged from 20 to 37 kg COD m(-3). The reactor organic loading rate (OLR) fluctuated between 9 and 14.7 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) for hydraulic retention times (HRT) maintained between 55 and 68 h. At the highest OLR, the MPAR showed an efficiency of 98% and 92% for soluble and total COD removal, respectively, and a methane production rate averaging around 4 m(3) m(-3) d(-1).Biomass-specific activities ranged between 7 and 51, 1.3 and 8.5, 5.3 and 12.2, 60 and 119, and 119 and 211 mmol g(-1) VSS d(-1) for glucose, propionate, acetate, formate, and hydrogen, respectively. Average equivalent-diameter of the granules was around 0.65 mm. The MPAR reactor generally showed a large capacity for solid retention with a biomass content between 32 and 37 kg VSS m(-3).
Kinetic Stabilization of Biopolymers in Single-Crystal Hosts:  Green Fluorescent Protein in α-Lactose Monohydrate (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTKinetic Stabilization of Biopolymers in Single-Crystal Hosts: Green Fluorescent Protein in α-Lactose MonohydrateMiki Kurimoto, Paramjeet Subramony, Richard W. Gurney, Scott Lovell, Jean Chmielewski, and Bart KahrView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Box 351700 University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195-1700 Department of Chemistry, 1393 Brown Laboratories Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 29, 6952–6953Publication Date (Web):July 7, 1999Publication History Received5 April 1999Published online7 July 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja991069dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja991069drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Crystals,Fluorescence,Imaging probes,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
PfEMP1-DBL1α amino acid motifs in severe disease states of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria (2007)

An infection with Plasmodium falciparum may lead to severe malaria as a result of excessive binding of infected erythrocytes in the microvasculature. Vascular adhesion is mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1 (PfEMP1), which is encoded for by highly polymorphic members of the var-gene family. Here, we profile var gene transcription in fresh P. falciparum trophozoites from Ugandan children with malaria through var-specific DBL1alpha-PCR amplification and sequencing. A method for subsectioning region alignments into homology areas (MOTIFF) was developed to examine collected sequences. Specific PfEMP1-DBL1alpha amino acid motifs correlated with rosetting and severe malaria, with motif location corresponding to distinct regions of receptor interaction. The method is potentially applicable to other families of variant proteins and may be useful in identifying sequence-phenotype relationships. The results suggest that certain PfEMP1 sequences are predisposed to inducing severe malaria.
Scaling and performance implications for power supply and other signal routing constraints imposed by I/O pad limitations (2002)

More than ever, accurate, high-frequency operation of integrated circuits, with smaller devices buried under an expanding superstructure of interconnect layers, depends upon advancements in packaging interface technology. Specifically, we project that at the 50 nm technology node, upwards of 4000 pads/cm/sup 2/ will be required to attain acceptable on-chip power supply uniformity to assure adequate noise margins and correct dynamic circuit operation. We further show that in the context of such packaging capability, down to the 50 nm node, local on-chip wiring poses no interconnect RC or C/sub L/*L barrier to high frequency chip operation, since the fundamental (local wiring) gate delays are limited only by the available device current per available unit width. These fundamental delays are scaling with the technology nodes, but not as rapidly as the most optimistic clock frequency projections. Scaled trans-chip wiring (clocks, global signals), however, exhibits significant wiring-dominated RC delays that are only partially compensated by new conductor/insulator materials, with poorer scaling than local gate delays to the clock frequency projections. Remedies for these limits must be sought in new system and/or process architectures and/or reduced logic depths.
Phosphorus doped SiC Source Drain and SiGe channel for scaled bulk FinFETs (2012)

A P-SiC (Phosphorus doped Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) SD (Source Drain) was developed on bulk-Si based nMOS FinFETs (n-FinFETs). P-SiC epitaxial growth on SD provides strain to boost n-FinFET mobility and drive current. Combination of LA (Laser Anneal) and low temperature RTA recovers P-SiC and PSi (Phosphorus doped Si, Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) strain. A SiGe clad channel on pMOS FinFETs (p-FinFETs) was investigated. Narrower Si fin and SiGe epitaxial growth on fins increase mobility and drive current, which is based on the same carrier transport mechanism as conventional phonon scattering without velocity overshoot around 14nm node.
An Elementary Treatise on Differential Equations. (1934)

Book digitized by Google from the library of University of California and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.
Enhancing the Anti-Dumping Effect of Roux Gastrojejunostomy with Intestinal Pacing (1983)

We wondered whether Roux gastrojejunostomy alone or with intestinal pacing would slow gastric emptying and ameliorate the dumping syndrome after truncal vagotomy and subtotal distal gastrectomy. In five conscious dogs with vagotomy and distal gastrectomy, the Roux loop alone slowed gastric emptying of 100 ml 5% glucose instillates, but not of 100 ml 25% glucose instillates, while pacing the loop backwards slowed emptying of both. Pacing also decreased the postcibal hemoconcentration and hyperglycemia found after the 25% instillates. However, pacing did not alter the postprandial hyper-GIP-emia (gastric inhibitory peptide) and hyperinsulinemia found in Roux gastrectomy dogs, suggesting that pacing worked by slowing emptying of glucose rather than by releasing enteric hormones. Although pacing did not stimulate jejunal action potentials (contractions), the greater the number of action potentials occurring during pacing, the more the slowing (r = .738, p less than .001). We concluded that the combination of Roux gastrojejunostomy and pacing ameliorated postgastrectomy dumping in dogs. The tests provide a basis for treating humans with postgastrectomy dumping.
SLUP: A Semantic-Based and Location-Aware Unstructured P2P Network (2008)

The topological properties of P2P overlay networks are the key factor that dominates the performance of search. Most systems construct logical overlay topologies without considering the underlying physical topology, which causes a serious topology mismatch between the P2P overlay network and the physical network. Thus location of the underlying network should be taken into account during the construction of P2P networks. It can shorten the length of route in network layer and reduce the bandwidth consumed. Furthermore, if nodes with semantic similarity of shared resources are clustered together, queries are routed to the semantically related peers, which can increase the chances of finding the matching resources quickly. Based on these two characters, we propose a Semantic-based and location-aware unstructured P2P Model (SLUP), in which nodes are clustered into domains according to physical distance, and the nodes in a domain are clustered into groups according to similar resources. Simulation experiments show that SLUP can significantly shorten the latency of the searching process and reduce the searching overhead.
Caffeinated clues and the promise of adenosine A<sub>2A</sub>antagonists in PD (2002)

Large prospective epidemiologic studies have linked the consumption of coffee and other caffeinated beverages to a reduced risk of subsequently developing PD. Caffeine as well as more specific antagonists of the adenosine A(2A) receptor have also now been found to attenuate neurotoxicity in a mouse model of PD. The convergence of these epidemiologic and laboratory data supports the possibility that caffeine may reduce the risk of developing PD. However, a neuroprotective effect of caffeine in PD remains unproven; current evidence does not provide a rational basis for recommending caffeine consumption to modify the risk or progression of PD. In addition to possessing neuroprotective potential, caffeine and other A(2A) antagonists have long been known to acutely reverse motor deficits in a variety of PD models. This symptomatic antiparkinsonian benefit of blocking A(2A) receptors, coupled with their remarkably restricted expression in the basal ganglia, have made A(2A) antagonists attractive targets for drug development. Now, with the prospect of a neuroprotective bonus, the novel therapeutic potential of A(2A) antagonists appears all the more promising just as they are entering clinical trials for PD.
Modification of Cotton with Tin Reactants (1980)

Cellulose is a naturally occurring polymeric carbohydrate, hydrolyzable to glucose, consisting of anhydroglucose units linked through a beta-glucosidic bonding. Natural cellulose exhibits usual chain lengths of 1000 to 3000 units long. It is a very common material making up about one-third of all vegetable matter. In actuality cellulose is quite complex and varying in exact composition. Cotton is a relatively pure natural cellulose, containing only 3-15% of noncellulosic material. The modification of cotton has occurred for years being one of the earliest executed chemical processes in man's history. Even so, much still remains with many of the more recent studies catalyzed by the increasing need to utilize regenerable materials as feedstock in a widening variety of uses. Most of these modifications are topochemical in nature, occurring with cellulosic reactive groups which are available in the amorphorus regions and on the surfaces of crystalline areas. We chose to attempt more intimate,
A novel self-propelled disposable colonoscope is effective for colonoscopy in humans (with video) (2015)

0692-12-TLV.).
Horizontal Directionality of Ambient Noise During the CHURCH OPAL Exercise (1978)

Abstract : Ambient noise horizontal directionality was measured in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during the CHURCH OPAL exercise of September 1975. Results obtained from the analysis of data acquired by a towed line-array are reported. The results for frequencies dominated by shipping (below 200 Hz) indicate a definite north-south bias in excess of 15 dB at some frequencies. The results are similar to the CHURCH ANCHOR results obtained at the same location 2 years previously, supporting the idea that the pseudo-stationary background noise is repeatable and hence, predictable.
Killing Capacity of Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions (1984)

The killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes of several species of bacteria, some of which were catalase positive, was examined in vitro in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. When all conditions other than the oxygen tension were identical, killing after 30 min was slightly greater in aerobic than in anaerobic conditions. However, after 60 and 120 min the difference between aerobic and anaerobic killing was smaller, and killing was nearly complete for all strains tested. These results conflict with the common opinion that oxygen is essential for efficient killing. Minor differences in experimental conditions can greatly influence results, and may be responsible for the discrepancy between this study and some previous studies on this subject.
Environmental Challenges of Heavy Crude Oils: Management of Liquid Wastes (2007)

Abstract Large volumes of produced water are generated during production of heavy crude oil and large volumes of surface water often are needed to produce, transport, and upgrade heavy crude oils and bitumens. The most important alternatives for managing produced and process waters include volume minimization, underground injection, discharge to surface waters, and beneficial reuse. Produced and process waters often contain high concentrations of inorganic salts, metals, hydrocarbons, and organic acids. They may cause ecological damage if discharged untreated to surface waters or soils. Salts harm terrestrial vegetation and naphthenic acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are toxic to aquatic organisms. Most produced water is either reinjected into a non-producing formation or used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies, such as cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) and steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), or bitumen transport and upgrading by slurry pumping and alkaline extraction. Before use or discharge to surface waters, the produced water must be treated to remove dissolved salts, organic acids, hydrocarbons, and suspended solids. Wastes from cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) usually are pumped to stock tanks where the gas, water, oil, and solids are separated and the produced water is piped to a disposal well. The solids are stored in tailings ponds. Wastes produced during processing oil sands bitumen from surface mining with hot alkaline water also are stored in tailings ponds. Water may be decanted from the tailings ponds and reused or reinjected into a non-producing formation. Tailings ponds containing mature fine tailings may be reclaimed as lake basins. Several new technologies are being developed to remove salts, organic acids, and hydrocarbons, and to break stable heavy oil-water emulsions so that produced and process waters can be reused without damaging production equipment and producing formations or discharged without harming the environment.
A Systematic Review of Cellular Transplantation Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury (2010)

Cell transplantation therapies have become a major focus in pre-clinical research as a promising strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). In this article, we systematically review the available pre-clinical literature on the most commonly used cell types in order to assess the body of evidence that may support their translation to human SCI patients. These cell types include Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing glial cells, embryonic and adult neural stem/progenitor cells, fate-restricted neural/glial precursor cells, and bone-marrow stromal cells. Studies were included for review only if they described the transplantation of the cell substrate into an in-vivo model of traumatic SCI, induced either bluntly or sharply. Using these inclusion criteria, 162 studies were identified and reviewed in detail, emphasizing their behavioral effects (although not limiting the scope of the discussion to behavioral effects alone). Significant differences between cells of the same "type" exist based on the species and age of donor, as well as culture conditions and mode of delivery. Many of these studies used cell transplantations in combination with other strategies. The systematic review makes it very apparent that cells derived from rodent sources have been the most extensively studied, while only 19 studies reported the transplantation of human cells, nine of which utilized bone-marrow stromal cells. Similarly, the vast majority of studies have been conducted in rodent models of injury, and few studies have investigated cell transplantation in larger mammals or primates. With respect to the timing of intervention, nearly all of the studies reviewed were conducted with transplantations occurring subacutely and acutely, while chronic treatments were rare and often failed to yield functional benefits.