gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Enzyme Complex of Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase and Orotidine 5‘-Monophosphate Decarboxylase in Human Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium</i> <i>falciparum</i>:  Physical Association, Kinetics, and Inhibition Characterization<sup>,</sup> (2005)

Human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, can only synthesize pyrimidine nucleotides using the de novo pathway, whereas mammalian cells obtain pyrimidine nucleotides from both the de novo and salvage pathways. The parasite's orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (PfOPRT) and orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (PfOMPDC) of the de novo pyrimidine pathway are attractive targets for antimalarial drug development. Previously, we have reported that the two enzymes in P. falciparum exist as a multienzyme complex containing two subunits each of 33-kDa PfOPRT and 38-kDa PfOMPDC. In this report, the gene encoding PfOPRT has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. An open reading frame of PfOMPDC gene was identified in the malaria genome database, and PfOMPDC was cloned from P. falciparum cDNA, functionally expressed in E. coli, purified, and characterized. The protein sequence has <20% identity with human OMPDC and four microbial OMPDC for which crystal structures are known. Recombinant PfOMPDC was catalytically active in a dimeric form. Both recombinant PfOPRT and PfOMPDC monofunctional enzymes were kinetically different from the native multienzyme complex purified from P. falciparum. Oligomerization of PfOPRT and PfOMPDC cross-linked by dimethyl suberimidate indicated that they were tightly associated as the heterotetrameric 140-kDa complex, (PfOPRT)2(PfOMPDC)2. Kinetic analysis of the PfOPRT-PfOMPDC associated complex was similar to that of the native P. falciparum enzymes and was different from that of the bifunctional human enzymes. Interestingly, a nanomolar inhibitor of the yeast OMPDC, 6-thiocarboxamido-uridine 5'-monophosphate, was about 5 orders of magnitude less effective on the PfOMPDC than on the yeast enzyme. Our results support that the malaria parasite has unique structural and functional properties, sharing characteristics of the monofunctional pyrimidine-metabolizing enzymes in prokaryotes and bifunctional complexes in eukaryotes.
Synthesis and characterization of photorefractive polymers with triphenylamine unit and NLO chromophore unit on a side chain (2000)

Acrylate-type copolymers (TPA-DCV) consisting of triphenylamine (TPA) unit as a hole transport agent and dicyanovinyl aniline (DCV) as a second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore on a side chain were synthesized. The polymers showed good solubility and sufficient morphological stability after film formation. The diffraction efficiency and gain coefficient increased as glass transition temperature decreased TPA-DCV composite doped with fullerene (C60) and dibutyl phthalate had a high photoconductivity of 5.1 × 10−12 S/cm at the applied electric field of 50 V/µm. Diffraction efficiency and response rate were measured as functions of the parameters determining the photoconductivity (e.g. applied electric field, the density of the photocharges generated and writing beam intensity). The maximum diffraction efficiency and gain coefficient were 12.9% and 64 cm−1, respectively, at an applied electric field of 80 V/µm. The maximum response time of 700 msec was obtained at the applied electric field of 80 V/µm. Photoconductivity, response rate and diffraction efficiency increased with the increase of the applied electric field. Field dependence of the response rate is attributed to the charge generation efficiency and/or the drift mobility. A similar power dependence of the photoconductivity and the response rate on the writing beam intensity was observed. The response rate and diffraction efficiency showed a good linear relationship with the logarithm of the photoconductivity. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of RFID sensor tags for perishable products monitoring in logistics operations (2014)

Transportation of perishable products increased in volume in the last decades and imposes new challenges to today's logistics operations. Because of the spoilage risk of the transported items, certain conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, vibration, etc.) must be maintained during the transportation phase. Failure to maintain the required conditions may lead to product spoilage and delivery disturbances. This work considers a multi-echelon supply chain model composed of one producer and multiple customers and contrasts the performance of the logistics operations when RFID and sensing technologies are employed and when they are not. The simulation models of the two scenarios result in as much as nine different outcomes, which are presented in the form of good practice recommendations.
800-thousand-pixel color CMOS sensor for consumer still cameras (1997)

An 800k-pixel active pixel device has been developed for use in a digital still camera application. A mode of operation has been developed to cancel the problems of fixed patterned noise and dark current inherent to this type of CMOS imaging array. A time multiplexed read-out mechanism allows the device to operate at 5 Mpix/s and still settle to within 0.1 percent. The device, with a full well of approximately 100K electrons, is capable of delivering a S/N of 66dB, and a sensitivity of approximately 50mV/lux at 50mS exposure. The sensor is covered with a color mosaic to allow an accurate recovery of a color image. This sensor makes new in-roads for CMOS imaging into areas traditionally occupied by CCDs.
Seasonal predictability of wintertime storminess over the North Atlantic (2003)

Interannual variability in winter storminess over the North Atlantic and Europe causes significant risk and uncertainty. Attempts to seasonally predict winter storminess levels have identified little skill to date. However, recent statistical studies of observational data indicate the presence of marginal but useful skill in predicting the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This predictability arises from a significant ( p < 0.01) link between northern hemisphere summer snow extent and the coming winter NAO state. We apply this link to assess the seasonal predictability in winter storminess 1972/3–2000/1 at a given point. The correlation skill for predicting, by early September, the numbers of winter gale days and storm force days in the main North Atlantic winter storm track region is between 0.5 and 0.6. Our finding suggests the seasonal predictability of North Atlantic winter storminess may be higher and extend to longer leads than thought previously.
Videoconferencing: Recent Experiments and Reassessment (2005)

We describe several recent videoconferencing experiments and deployments. An extensive literature has shown limited benefits from video in support of live meetings. However, technical, cost, and behavioral shifts suggest that new opportunities are emerging. To understand the prospects requires careful differentiation among videoconferencing configurations along dimensions such as point-to-point vs. multi-point, conference rooms vs. offices, and ISDN vs. IP. Behavior can be affected in ways that are not always intuitive. Still, declining costs, increasing ease of use, and growing use of personal video are having an impact. Will the new generation of IP-based videoconferencing overcome past obstacles to wider use of video? We review the challenges and opportunities and emerge with guarded optimism.
Active Wave Control of Boundary-Layer Transition (1990)

The physical processes involved in the boundary layer instability-generation and transition process seem to pose basic restrictions on the implementation of active, wave-based transition-control methods. While suppression short of elimination is possible by these means for primary disturbances, wave-interaction instabilities demand that the control be implemented almost immediately after the appearance of primary disturbances; even slight delays can negate the intended beneficial effects, and this basic problem is exacerbated at the higher Reynolds numbers typical of aircraft in cruising flight. Three-dimensional disturbances are noted to be important in this context, together with the continuous regeneration of TS waves.
Croup: An 11-Year Study in a Pediatric Practice (1983)

The etiology and epidemiology of croup were studied in a pediatric group practice over an 11-year period, 1964 to 1975. Croup was diagnosed in 951 instances in 6,165 cases of lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) studied. As census figures of the practice clientele were available, attack rates were calculated. The incidence of total LRI was highest in the first year of life. In contrast, the attack rate for croup was highest in the second year of life; the rate declined gradually after that age. Croup was not diagnosed in the first month of life. Boys were 1.43 times more likely to develop croup than were girls. Three hundred sixty agents were isolated from the 951 croup cases. The parainfluenza viruses accounted for 74.2% of all isolates; 65% of the parainfluenza isolates were classified as parainfluenza virus type 1. Respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses A and B, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were the only other agents isolated in appreciable numbers. The propensity of various agents to produce croup symptoms in children with LRI due to specific microorganisms was 58% for parainfluenzae type 1,60% for parainfluenzae type 2, and 29% for parainfluenzae type 3; similar figures for the other agents varied from 5% to 16%. The role of the various agents in the etiology of croup varied with patient age and depended on the propensity of the agent to produce the croup syndrome and the frequency of isolation of the agent at that age. The parainfluenza viruses were the most important croup agents at all ages; respiratory syncytial virus caused croup in children less than 5 years of age whereas the influenza viruses and M pneumoniae were significant causes of croup only in children more than 5 to 6 years old. Croup occurred predominately in late fall and early winter, times when the parainfluenza viruses, especially type 1, occurred most frequently. The epidemiology of croup differs from that of bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and tracheobronchitis; knowledge of this should be helpful to the clinician caring for children with LRI.
Approximation Algorithms for Stochastic Inventory Control Models (2007)

We consider two classical stochastic inventory control models, the periodic-review stochastic inventory control problem and the stochastic lot-sizing problem. The goal is to coordinate a sequence of orders of a single commodity, aiming to supply stochastic demands over a discrete, finite horizon with minimum expected overall ordering, holding, and backlogging costs. In this paper, we address the important problem of finding computationally efficient and provably good inventory control policies for these models in the presence of correlated, nonstationary (time-dependent), and evolving stochastic demands. This problem arises in many domains and has many practical applications in supply chain management. Our approach is based on a new marginal cost accounting scheme for stochastic inventory control models combined with novel cost-balancing techniques. Specifically, in each period, we balance the expected cost of overordering (i.e., costs incurred by excess inventory) against the expected cost of underordering (i.e., costs incurred by not satisfying demand on time). This leads to what we believe to be the first computationally efficient policies with constant worst-case performance guarantees for a general class of important stochastic inventory control models. That is, there exists a constant C such that, for any instance of the problem, the expected cost of the policy is at most C times the expected cost of an optimal policy. In particular, we provide a worst-case guarantee of two for the periodic-review stochastic inventory control problem and a worst-case guarantee of three for the stochastic lot-sizing problem. Our results are valid for all of the currently known approaches in the literature to model correlation and nonstationarity of demands over time.
Describing variability in service-oriented software product lines (2010)

Service-oriented architectures are a standard-based and technology-independent distributed computing paradigm for discovering, binding and assembling loosely-coupled software services. Software product lines on the other hand allow a generic architecture to be configured and deployed in different instances. Product lines facilitate systematic reuse through managing variability. In this paper, we combine ideas from the service domain and the product line domain and investigate what types of variability exist in service-oriented software architectures. Moreover, we suggest a way for representing variability in service-oriented architectures by formalizing the notion of variability. To allow different viewpoints on variability, we define stakeholder roles that occur in the context of service-oriented software architectures. By applying the proposed concepts, we hope to improve variability management at the software architecture level of service-oriented systems.
254. Tracer studies in the formation and reactions of organic per-acids (1956)

C. A. Bunton, T. A. Lewis and D. R. Llewellyn, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 1226 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560001226
SAW RF Spectrum Analyzer/Channelizer Using a Focusing, Phased Array Transducer (1985)

The principle of Fourier t ransformation by wave diffraction has been demonstrated using surface acoustic waves. The input RF signal d rives a phased array of SAW interdigital transducers that act like a curved diffraction grating to focus and angularly disperse the generated acoustic waves with frequency. An array of output t ransducers partitions t he dispersed signal spectrum into contiguous narrow bands. The approach is novel and has a number of significant features. The device is passive, linear, and bidirectional, and preserves phase information. S idelobes and spurious signals can be suppressed by amplitude w eighting the input transducer elements and using mode selective output transducers. Several experimental devices has been constructed on LiNb03. These were evaluated electrically and with a scanning laser probe.
A dynamic model of resource allocation in multi-project research and development systems (2000)

Managers and scholars have increasingly come to recognize the central role that design and engineering play in the overall process of delivering products to the final customer. Although significant progress has been made in the design of effective product development processes, many firms still struggle with the execution of their desired development process. In this paper a model is developed to study one hypothesis to explain why firms experience such difficulties. The analysis of the model leads to a number of new insights not present in the existing literature. First, the analysis shows that under a plausible set of assumptions product development systems have multiple steady-state modes of execution (or equilibria). This insight suggests that it is possible for product development systems to get “;trapped” in a state of low performance. Second, the analysis highlights that, for multiple equilibria to exist, a positive loop must dominate the system. The conditions required for such dominance are also provided. Third, the analysis demonstrates that the sensitivity of the system to undesirable self-reinforcing dynamics is determined by the utilization of resources. Fourth, simulation experiments show that testing delays also play a critical role in determining the system's dynamics. Finally, one extension to the model is considered, the introduction of new development tools, and policies for performance improvement are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3-Hydroxyphthaloyl-β-Lactoglobulin. II. Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Activity in <i>in Vitro</i> Environments Relevant to Prevention of Sexual Transmission of the Virus (1997)

It is anticipated that the rate of sexual transmission of viruses could be substantially decreased by the use of topical chemical barrier methods. Chemical modification of bovine (β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), the major protein of whey, led to the generation of a potent inhibitor (designated 3HP-β-LG) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection which was also active against herpesviruses. Compounds intended for topical application to prevent sexual transmission of viruses need to maintain their antiviral activity at pH <<7, corresponding to an acidic vaginal environment, and in the presence of seminal fluid. Results presented here show that the binding of 3HP-β-LG to the CD4 receptor for HIV, involved in the anti-HIV-1 activity of this compound, decreases with decreasing pH. The presence of seminal fluid also decreased the binding of 3HP-β-LG to CD4 and diminished the inhibitory effect of the compound on CD4-gp120 binding. 3HP-β-LG was shown to bind Zn ++ , and the inhibitory effect of seminal fluid could be substantially diminished by chelating Zn ++ with ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Saliva had no effect on 3HP-β-LG binding to CD4 or on its interference with gp120-CD4 binding. The decreased 3HP-β-LG-CD4 binding and the concomitant reduction of gp120-CD4 binding inhibition by 3HP-β-LG at low pH and in the presence of seminal fluid could be compensated for by an increase of the 3HP-β-LG concentration and by adding Zn ++ chelators to 3HP-β-LG. These results provide a background for the design of 3HP-β-LG formulations for topical use.
Charge-Trapping Phenomena in HfO<sub>2</sub>-Based FeFET-Type Nonvolatile Memories (2016)

Ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs) based on ferroelectric hafnium oxide (HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) thin films show high potential for future embedded nonvolatile memory applications. However, HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films besides their recently discovered ferroelectric behavior are also prone to undesired charge trapping effects. Therefore, the scope of this paper is to verify the possibility of the charge trapping during standard operation of the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based FeFET memories. The kinetics of the charge trapping and its interplay with the ferroelectric polarization switching are analyzed in detail using the single-pulse I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> -V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> technique. Furthermore, the impact of the charge trapping on the important memory characteristics such as retention and endurance is investigated.
Expression of Human Herpesvirus 8-Encoded Cyclin D in Kaposi's Sarcoma Spindle Cells (1997)

Spindle cells of Kaposi's sarcoma, which have been regarded as the tumor cells of this cancer, contain v-cyclin D mRNA. Expression of v-cyclin D protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma by promoting cell proliferation.
Predicting peptides binding to MHC class II molecules using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (2007)

We present two MOEA-based algorithms for finding motifs, one for self-discovery and the other for guided-discovery by experimentally determined motifs, and thereby predicting binding peptides to I-Ag7 molecule. Our experiments show that the proposed MOEA-based algorithms are better than earlier methods in predicting binding sites not only on I-Ag7 but also on most alleles of class II MHC benchmark datasets. This shows that our methods could be applicable to find binding motifs in a wide range of alleles.
Potentiation of radiotherapy by nontoxic pretreatment with combined vitamins C and K3 in mice bearing solid transplantable tumor. (1996)

A possible introduction of such nontoxic and selective potentiation procedure into classical protocols of human cancer therapy appears to be generally accessible and without any additional risk for patients.
Multiple regions in the Rous sarcoma virus src gene intron act in cis to affect the accumulation of unspliced RNA (1989)

Retrovirus replication requires the production of both spliced and unspliced viral RNA from a single RNA transcript. In contrast, cellular RNA precursors with introns almost completely spliced. The cis elements and virus-coded trans factors which determine the extent to which Rous sarcoma virus RNA is spliced to src mRNA were investigated by transfecting chicken embryo fibroblasts with cloned wild-type and mutant DNA followed by the analysis of viral RNA. Two cis-acting regions important in the negative control of splicing were detected. Cell cultures transfected with a clone deleted in 80% of the src intron (nucleotide 1149 to nucleotide 6574) demonstrated only a 2-fold reduction in the ratio of unspliced to spliced RNA relative to the wild-type clone, whereas cultures transfected with clones which were further deleted in the gag gene region (between nucleotide 630 and nucleotide 5258) demonstrated an approximate 20-fold reduction. Cell cultures which were transfected with clones deleted only between nucleotides 543 and 1806 demonstrated only a three- to fourfold reduction in the unspliced-to-spliced RNA ratio, suggesting that at least one other region of the src intron can partially compensate for the deletion of the gag region. Both regions appeared to act in cis on the distribution of unspliced and spliced RNA since the ratios were not altered by cotransfection with helper virus DNA.
Formation and measurement of tapers in optical fibers (1993)

A simple fabrication method is described which is capable of producing physically repeatable biconical tapers in optical fibers. A resistively heated platinum wire furnace provides the heat with standard fiber-optic positioning equipment to secure the fiber. The method does not require computer control and has the advantages of low cost, fast sample turn-around time, and the ability to concatenate multiple tapers on a single fiber. Experimental results demonstrating repeatable taper formation and the wavelength filtering property of the tapers is shown. Issues of varying the taper shape are addressed and measurement methods of the physical and optical characteristics are presented. Limited control of the taper symmetry is discussed, and recommendations for enhancement at the cost of simplicity are included.
Dissecting Fas signaling with an altered-specificity death-domain mutant: Requirement of FADD binding for apoptosis but not Jun N-terminal kinase activation (1999)

Fas is a cell surface death receptor that regulates peripheral tolerance and lymphoid homeostasis. In many pathologic conditions, ectopic Fas activation mediates tissue destruction. Several proteins that can bind to the cytoplasmic death domain of Fas have been implicated in Fas signal transduction. Here we show that FADD, which couples Fas to pro-caspase-8, and, Daxx, which couples Fas to the Jun N-terminal kinase pathway, bind independently to the Fas death domain. We have isolated a death domain mutant, termed FasDelta, that selectively binds Daxx but not FADD. In tranfected tissue culture cells, FasDelta activated Jun N-terminal kinase normally but was impaired in cell death induction. These results suggest that FADD and Daxx activate two independent pathways downstream of Fas and confirm the essential role of FADD binding in apoptosis induction.