gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trends in Prostate-Specific Antigen Test Use, 2000–2005 (2011)

Major organizations are not in agreement about the efficacy of prostate cancer screening; however, men > or = 40 years of age continue to use the PSA test. Both recent screening and frequent testing showed variability during the study period and may have implications for the ongoing randomized clinical trials that are expected to clarify whether early detection of prostate cancer with PSA testing increases survival.
Synthesis of 2-Chloro-N6-Substituted-4'-thioadenosine-5'-N, N-dialkyluronamides as Potent and Selective A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists (2008)

The highly selective A(3) receptor agonist, 4'-thio-Cl-IB-MECA was successfully converted into selective A(3) receptor antagonists by appending a second N-alkyl group on the 5'-uronamide position. This result indicates that the hydrogen bonding ability of the 5'-uronamide is essential for the conformational change required for the receptor activation. Among compounds tested, a N(6)-(3-bromobenzyl) derivative with 5'-dimethyluronamide exhibited the highest binding affinity (K(i) = 9.32 nM) at the human A(3) AR with very low binding affinities to other AR subtypes.
MAC-aware routing in wireless mesh networks (2007)

We propose expected throughput, ETP, a new and improved routing metric for wireless mesh networks. In contrast to previously proposed routing metrics, ETP takes into account the bandwidth sharing mechanism of 802.11 DCF. In this mechanism, contending links with lower nominal bit rate degrade the throughput of faster links. It is evident that this MAC layer interaction impacts the link quality, and subsequently, the route quality. We develop an analytical model to capture the above interaction, and use it to define ETP. ETP is therefore expected to yield more accurate throughput estimations than existing routing metrics. Furthermore, ETP is suitable as a routing metric in multi-rate as well as multi-channel mesh networks
Examining the Impact of Polyzwitterion Chemistry on Lithium Ion Transport in Ionogel Electrolytes (2021)

A series of polyzwitterion-supported gels featuring two classes of lithium-containing ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes have been created to examine the impact of different zwitterionic (ZI) group chemistries on lithium ion conductivity in these nonvolatile electrolytes. ZI homopolymer-supported gels containing poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (pCBMA), poly(2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine) (pMPC), poly(sulfobetaine vinylimidazole) (pSBVI), and poly(sulfobetaine 2-vinylpyridine) (pSB2VP) were realized by rapid, in situ UV photopolymerization. Within a 1 M solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in a conventional IL, strong Coulombic interactions between ZI moieties and Li+ cations promoted higher ion self-diffusivities for all zwitterion types and generated improved Li+ conductivities. In particular, the pCBMA and pMPC gels exhibited improved lithium transference numbers of 0.37 and 0.38, respectively, compared to 0.23 for the IL solution. In the solvate ionic liquid (SIL) prepared from an equimolar mixture of LiTFSI and tetraglyme, the pCBMA scaffold resulted in the largest room temperature Li+ conductivity achieved, 0.44 mS cm–1 (vs 0.23 mS cm–1 in the neat SIL). The carboxybetaine ZI motif yielded the largest boost in Li+ conductivity in both IL electrolyte types, which was found to be correlated to this monomer generating the largest downfield 7Li NMR chemical shift in solution. This study illustrates the great potential of polyzwitterions for future application in lithium ion batteries and reveals the importance of zwitterion chemistry when selecting materials for nonaqueous ionogel electrolytes.
WDRPUH, a novel WD-repeat protein highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, is involved in proliferation of cancer cells (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

2337 

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and intractable cancers, causing as many as half million deaths per year worldwide. In an attempt to disclose mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and discover novel target molecules for diagnosis and treatment of HCCs, we previously analyzed expression profiles of HCC tissues from a total of 20 HCC patients using a cDNA microarray containing 23040 genes. Among the genes up-regulated in more than 75% of tumor tissues compared with its non-tumor counterparts, we focused on a novel gene termed WDRPUH (WD40 repeat protein up-regulated in HCC) and characterized its biological function. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirmed its elevated expression in eight out of ten additional HCC tissues. WDRPUH encodes a predicted 620 amino acid protein containing 11 highly conserved WD40 repeat domains. Multiple-tissue northern blot analysis revealed its specific expression in the testis among the 16 normal tissues examined. Immunocytochemical staining of HCC cells transfected with plasmids expressing the tagged-WDRPUH protein demonstrated its subcellular localization in the cytoplasm. Colony formation assay revealed growth-promoting effect of WDRPUH in NIH3T3 cells, suggesting an oncogenic activity of WDRPUH. Consistently, transfection of plasmids designed to express WDRPUH-specific siRNA significantly reduced its expression in HepG2, Huh7, SNU449 and Alexander HCC cells, and resulted in growth suppression of the transfected cells. We further found that WDRPUH associated directly with HSP70, proteins of the chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT) complex, and BRCA2. These findings have disclosed a novel insight into hepatocarcinogenesis. Since WDRPUH expression is enhanced in the majority of HCC tissues and its suppression lead to retarded growth of HCC cells, inhibition of WDRPUH may be an effective therapeutic option. In addition, because it is expressed in cancer tissues and testis and not in other normal tissues examined, WDRPUH may be useful for immunotherapy as a cancer-testis specific antigen. These data suggests that WDRPUH may be a good molecular target for the development of new anticancer drugs to HCCs.
TREM2 sustains microglial expansion during aging and response to demyelination (2015)

Microglia contribute to development, homeostasis, and immunity of the CNS. Like other tissue-resident macrophage populations, microglia express the surface receptor triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), which binds polyanions, such as dextran sulphate and bacterial LPS, and activates downstream signaling cascades through the adapter DAP12. Individuals homozygous for inactivating mutations in TREM2 exhibit demyelination of subcortical white matter and a lethal early onset dementia known as Nasu-Hakola disease. How TREM2 deficiency mediates demyelination and disease is unknown. Here, we addressed the basis for this genetic association using Trem2(-/-) mice. In WT mice, microglia expanded in the corpus callosum with age, whereas aged Trem2(-/-) mice had fewer microglia with an abnormal morphology. In the cuprizone model of oligodendrocyte degeneration and demyelination, Trem2(-/-) microglia failed to amplify transcripts indicative of activation, phagocytosis, and lipid catabolism in response to myelin damage. As a result, Trem2(-/-) mice exhibited impaired myelin debris clearance, axonal dystrophy, oligodendrocyte reduction, and persistent demyelination after prolonged cuprizone treatment. Moreover, myelin-associated lipids robustly triggered TREM2 signaling in vitro, suggesting that TREM2 may directly sense lipid components exposed during myelin damage. We conclude that TREM2 is required for promoting microglial expansion during aging and microglial response to insults of the white matter.
The malachite-rosasite group: crystal structures of glaukosphaerite and pokrovskite (2006)

The crystal structures of glaukosphaerite (Cu,Ni)2(CO3)(OH)2 and pokrovskite Mg2(CO3)(OH)2, two carbonates belonging to the malachite-rosasite group, have been determined from powder diffraction data, and refined up to wRp = 3.94% and 1.63% respectively. Both minerals are isostructural with rosasite (Cu,Zn)2 (CO3)(OH)2, with P21/a space group and cell parameters a = 12.0613(4) Å, b = 9.3653(4), c = 3.1361(1), β=98.085(5)° for glaukosphaerite and a = 12.2396(4), b = 9.3506(4), c = 3.1578(1), β = 96.445(5)° for pokrovskite. Their structures are built up by ribbons of edge-sharing octahedra running along the c-axis; the ribbons are linked together through corner-sharing giving rise to corrugated layers parallel to (100) that are interconnected through carbonate groups. The same layers and carbonate groups, arranged in a different orientation with respect to the symmetry operators, build up the structure of malachite: the relationships between the rosasite-like and the malachite-like structural models are discussed. The octahedral distortion of the two independent Me sites in the malachite-rosasite known structures is evaluated and attributed to the Jahn-Teller effect of Cu2+. According to the available chemical data for the examined material, a partial occupancy in Mg sites of pokrovskite is maintained, with a coupled partial substitution of hydroxyls by water molecules. On the basis of the structural results, the difficulties and ambiguities in the powder pattern indexing by preceeding authors are discussed and explained, and reliable guesses for the arrangements of kolwezite and nullaginite are drawn.
Acute appendicitis is characterised by local invasion with <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> / <i>necrophorum</i> (2009)

Local infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum/necrophorum is responsible for the majority of cases of acute appendicitis.
The Acidity of Buffered and Unbuffered Sulfuric Acid Solutions in Nitromethane<sup>1</sup> (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Acidity of Buffered and Unbuffered Sulfuric Acid Solutions in Nitromethane1Louis C. Smith and Louis P. HammettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 1, 23–30Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01217a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01217a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BRCA1 Required for Transcription-Coupled Repair of Oxidative DNA Damage (1998)

The breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 encodes a zinc finger protein of unknown function. Association of the BRCA1 protein with the DNA repair protein Rad51 and changes in the phosphorylation and cellular localization of the protein after exposure to DNA-damaging agents are consistent with a role for BRCA1 in DNA repair. Here, it is shown that mouse embryonic stem cells deficient in BRCA1 are defective in the ability to carry out transcription-coupled repair of oxidative DNA damage, and are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and hydrogen peroxide. These results suggest that BRCA1 participates, directly or indirectly, in transcription-coupled repair of oxidative DNA damage.
Bargains With Chaos: Sex Addicts and Addiction Interaction Disorder (2005)

This paper proposes a theoretical framework by way of exploring addiction interaction in terms of addressing the following key questions: What happens when a patient population of sex addicts is assessed for other comorbid disorders? What conceptual foundations might we look to in terms of possible etiology and clinical intervention? Are there ways these addictions interact making the whole more than just the “sum” of the addictions themselves? Can we explain these interactions from what is known from neurobiology? Finally, are these interactions comprehensible to patients? In order for the paradigm to be useful to patients, they have to be able to recognize them. Clinicians who achieve a basic understanding of addiction interactions and relevant neurobiological background will be in a better position to serve the needs of their client.
<title>Replicated grazing incidence x-ray optics</title> (2000)

The replication technology represents an important alternative to other methods of X-ray optics production. We report on the past (first replicated X-ray mirror has been produced by our group just 30 years ago), present and future of replication of X-ray optics with emphasis on grazing incidence optics of various types and geometry. The various types of X-ray optics produced by replication with emphasis on astronomical optics are described and summarized. It is shown that the replicated X-ray optics will still play a major role in future space experiments and projects such as the ESA XEUS project and other coming missions.
CPMG Relaxation Dispersion (2013)

NMR relaxation is sensitive to molecular and internal motion of proteins. (15)N longitudinal relaxation rate (R 1), transverse relaxation rate (R 2), and {(1)H}-(15)N Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) experiments are often performed to globally elucidate protein dynamics, primarily on the sub-nanosecond timescale. In contrast, constant relaxation time R 2 dispersion experiments are applied to characterize protein equilibrium conformations that interconvert on the millisecond timescale. Information on local conformational equilibria of proteins provides important insights about protein energy landscapes and is useful to interpret molecular recognition mechanisms as well. Here, we describe a protocol for performing (15)N Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) R 2 dispersion measurements in solution, including protein preparation, step-by-step experimental parameter settings, and the first step of data analysis.
Functional expression of the recombinant human FSH receptor (1994)

The functional capacity of the recombinant human FSH (hFSH) receptor was tested on the basis of gonadotrophin stimulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) production by transient transfections of 293 cells and stable transfections of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A CHO cell line expressed with the hFSH receptor cDNA covering the entire amino acid coding region revealed the presence of FSH binding site (Kd 6.2 x 10(-10) M) on the plasma membrane. Treatment of transfected cells with hFSH induced dose-dependent increases in intracellular cAMP production. These results indicate that the hFSH receptor functionally couples with endogenous adenylyl cyclase. Although rat FSH also induced dose-dependent increases in cAMP production, bovine FSH was effective only at high doses and human chorionic gonadotropin did not alter cAMP levels compared with control values. Northern blot analysis with a cRNA probe derived from hFSH receptor cDNA indicated the presence of two common FSH receptor mRNA transcripts (2.4 and 4.1 kb) in RNA prepared from a human ovary and transfected cell lines. Preincubation of CHO cells expressing a functional hFSH receptor (CHO-FSHR) with FSH for 16 h decreased the subsequent cAMP production resulting from a 30-min pulse of FSH stimulation. These results indicate that desensitization of the adenylyl cyclase response to FSH stimulation occurs in CHO-FSHR cells. This cell line therefore provides a tool with which to pursue detailed studies on the molecular basis of FSH-induced desensitization.
Crystallization of Polymers (2001)

First published in 2002, from an original 1964 edition, in the Crystallization of Polymers, 2nd edition Leo Mandelkern provides a self-contained treatment of polymer crystallization. All classes of macromolecules are included and the approach is through the basic disciplines of chemistry and physics. The book discusses the thermodynamics and physical properties that accompany the morphological and structural changes that occur when a collection of molecules of very high molecular weight are transformed from one state to another. Volume 1 is a presentation of the equilibrium concepts that serve as a basis for the subsequent volumes. In this volume the author shows that knowledge of the equilibrium requirements is vital to understanding all aspects of the polymer crystallization process, and the final state that eventually evolves. This book will be an invaluable reference work for all chemists, physicists and materials scientists who work in the area of polymer crystallization.
Packet loss recovery codes based on Vandermonde matrices and shift operators (2008)

An increasing number of real-time applications in packet networks uses erasure codes to cope with packet losses. Most of these codes were designed originally for bit or symbol oriented transmission. This paper introduces packet oriented block codes for the recovery of lost packets. Specifically, a family of systematic erasure codes is proposed based on the Vandermonde matrix applied to a group of k information packets to construct r redundant packets. The elements of the Vandermonde matrix are bit level right arithmetic shift operators applied to the information packets. With low-overhead packet padding, the code design is applicable to packets of any size with the same lengths within the block of k information packets. The recovery of lost packets is based on inverting a matrix corresponding to the coefficient -Vandermonde- matrix augmented by the identity matrix with the rows removed according to the sequence number of the lost packets. The general code design principles are illustrated in this paper with examples of codes of different parameters. Erasure recovery capability of the proposed codes is characterized by simple decoding procedures. The code designs are tested using Monte Carlo simulations and their performance shows good agreement with theoretical results.
Konfokale In-vivo-Mikroskopie bei Blepharitis (2005)

Hintergrund: Entzündung, Obstruktion und/oder Dysfunktion der Meibomdrüsen spielen eine bedeutende Rolle in der Pathogenese der Blepharitis. Nur wenige objektive Untersuchungsmethoden stehen zur Untersuchung der Meibomdrüsen zur Verfügung. Patienten und Methoden: Neunzehn Patienten mit Blepharitis anterior, Meibomitis, Meibomdysfunktion bzw. schwerer Keratoconjunctivitis sicca mit assoziierter Blepharitis sowie zehn Patienten mit regelrechter Lidkante wurden mit der konfokalen In-vivo-Mikroskopie (HRTII/RCM) untersucht. Bilder des Tränenfilms, der tarsalen Bindehaut, der Haarfollikel sowie der Meibomdrüsen wurden von einem maskierten Beobachter analysiert. Ergebnisse: Bei Patienten mit normaler Lidkante wurden eine minimale Rundzellinfiltration des tarsalen Bindehautepithels, vorwiegend normale, mit mehrschichtigem Epithel ausgekleidete Meibomdrüsengänge sowie regelrechte Meibomdrüsenazini beobachtet. Bei Patienten mit Blepharitis anterior, bei Patienten mit Blepharitis im Rahmen eines autoimmunen Hornhautrandulkus bzw. begleitend bei schwerer Keratoconjunctivitis sicca fanden sich in der konfokalen In-vivo-Mikroskopie ebenfalls normale Tränendrüsenstrukturen. Bei zwölf Patienten mit Blepharitis/Meibomitis oder Meibomdysfunktion zeigten sich hochgradig pathologische Drüsenstrukturen mit Dilatation und Obstruktion der Ausführungsgänge. Bei 15 von 19 Patienten mit Blepharitis/Meibomitis, nicht jedoch bei Meibomdysfunktion, bestand eine ausgeprägte entzündliche Infiltration in Bindehautepithel und -stroma. Bei einem Patienten konnten Demodex folliculorum in vivo dargestellt werden. Sowohl bei Lidkantengesunden als auch bei Patienten mit Blepharitis fanden sich unauffällige Wimpernfollikel. Schlussfolgerungen: Die konfokale In-vivo-Mikroskopie erlaubt die Untersuchung des Tränenfilms, der tarsalen Bindehaut, der Lidkante mit Wimpernfollikel sowie der Meibomdrüsen. Bei Blepharitis/Meibomitis sowie bei Meibomdysfunktion können pathologische Veränderungen objektiv dargestellt und dokumentiert werden. Die Quantifizierung des Entzündungsinfiltrates erlaubt die Unterscheidung zwischen Meibomitis und Meibomdysfunktion. Veränderungen der Wimpernfollikel scheinen bei Blepharitis keine Rolle zu spielen. Die konfokale In-vivo-Mikroskopie erweist sich damit als eine objektive Untersuchungsmethode für die Differenzierung und die Verlaufskontrolle bei Blepharitis.
Pulsed Laser Deposition of epitaxial titanium diboride thin films (2003)

Epitaxial titanium diboride thin films have been deposited on sapphire substrates by Pulsed Laser Ablation technique. Structural properties of the films have been studied during the growth by Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) and ex-situ by means of X-ray diffraction techniques; both kinds of measurements indicate a good crystallographic orientation of the TiB2 film both in plane and along the c axis. A flat surface has been observed by Atomic Force Microscopy imaging. Electrical resistivity at room temperature resulted to be five times higher than the value reported for single crystals. The films resulted to be also very stable at high temperature, which is very promising for using this material as a buffer layer in the growth of magnesium diboride thin films. 1.
Design and Control of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Autonomous Parcel Delivery with Transition from Vertical Take-off to Forward Flight – VertiKUL, a Quadcopter Tailsitter (2015)

This paper presents the design and control of VertiKUL, a Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) transitioning tailsitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), capable of hover flight and forward flight for the application of parcel delivery. In contrast to existing transitioning UAVs, VertiKUL is not controlled by control surfaces, but exclusively by four propellers using differential thrust during hover flight, transition and forward flight. A numerical design method optimising range and payload is developed for initial sizing. A simulation model is implemented in Simulink to evaluate different control strategies before conducting test flights. A unique mid-level control strategy enabling intuitive control of VertiKUL which requires no pilot skills is developed. Fluent transition from hover to forward flight is achieved through an autonomous control strategy. Attitude control based on quaternions instead of Euler-angles is implemented to avoid singularities. The resulting design, VertiKUL, is built and test flown.