gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation-resistant variants of recombinant anti-leucoprotease are better inhibitors of human-neutrophil-elastase-induced emphysema in hamsters than natural recombinant antileucoprotease (1991)

1. Antileucoprotease, being sensitive to oxidative inactivation, can be produced by recombinant techniques. Via site-directed mutagenesis, two mutants of recombinant antileucoprotease were produced in which one or more of the oxidation-sensitive methionine residues were replaced by leucine: in rALP242, methionine-73 was replaced by leucine, and in rALP231, leucine was substituted for four methionine residues. In vitro, native antileucoprotease and the recombinant antileucoprotease preparations have similar inhibitory characteristics towards human neutrophil elastase. We hypothesized that replacement of methionine residues in the antileucoprotease molecule would result in a reduced oxidation sensitivity of the mutants. 2. After incubation of recombinant antileucoprotease and its mutants with increasing dosages of cis-platinum(II)diammine dichloride, we observed that native antileucoprotease and recombinant antileucoprotease were inactivated by this reagent to the same extent. Compared with this, rALP242 was less inactivated, whereas the inhibitory capacity of rALP231 was not influenced by cis-platinum(II)diammine dichloride at all. 3. After incubation of recombinant antileucoprotease, rALP242 and rALP231 with triggered polymorphonuclear leucocytes, which are thought to produce an excess of oxidants, we measured residual inhibitory activities towards human neutrophil elastase of 10%, 55% and 87%, respectively. 4. In vivo, the inhibitory effects of intratracheally administered rALP242 and rALP231 towards human-neutrophil-elastase-induced emphysema were significantly greater than that of recombinant antileucoprotease. There were no significant differences between the mutants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Signal compression based on models of human perception (1993)

The notion of perceptual coding, which is based on the concept of distortion masking by the signal being compressed, is developed. Progress in this field as a result of advances in classical coding theory, modeling of human perception, and digital signal processing, is described. It is proposed that fundamental limits in the science can be expressed by the semiquantitative concepts of perceptual entropy and the perceptual distortion-rate function, and current compression technology is examined in that framework. Problems and future research directions are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Exciplex Forming Host for Highly Efficient Blue Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Low Driving Voltage (2014)

The exciplex forming co‐host with phosphorescent dopant system has potential to realize highly efficient phosphorescent organic light emitting didoes (PhOLEDs). However, the exciplex forming co‐host for blue phosphorescent OLEDs has been rarely introduced because of higher triplet level of the blue dopant than green and red dopants. In this work, a novel exciplex forming co‐host with high triplet energy level is developed by mixing a phosphine oxide based electron transporting material, PO‐T2T, and a hole transporting material, N , N ′‐dicarbazolyl‐3,5‐benzene (mCP). Photo‐physical analysis shows that the exciplexes are formed efficiently in the host and the energy transfer from the exciplex to blue phosphorescent dopant (iridium(III)bis[(4,6‐difluorophenyl)‐pyridinato‐ N ,C2′]picolinate; FIrpic) is also efficient, enabling the triplet harvest without energy loss. As a result, an unprecedented high performance blue PhOLED with the exciplex forming co‐host is demonstrated, showing a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 30.3%, a maximum power efficiency of 66 lm W −1 , and low driving voltage of 2.75 at 100 cd m −2 , 3.29 V at 1000 cd m −2 , and 4.65 V at 10 000 cd m −2 , respectively. The importance of the exciton confinement in the exciplex forming co‐host is further investigated which is directly related to the performance of PhOLEDs.
MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Nanoparticle Catalysts for <scp>d</scp>-Glucose Epimerization and Their Electrical Immobilization in a Continuous Flow Reactor (2019)

Activity and immobilization of catalysts in liquid-phase reactions seem not to coexist. We report here the excellent activity of an MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub> nanoparticle (NP) catalyst for d-glucose epimerization to d-mannose and the electrical immobilization of NPs in a flow reaction. Prior to that, a green and one-pot method to synthesize the MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub> NPs (3.05 nm) via oxidizing metal Mo by hydrogen peroxide was presented. The NPs overwhelmed the reported catalysts including epimerase for d-glucose epimerization, originating from a strong interaction between the NPs and the reactant that was demonstrated by ex situ and in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations. The electrically charged feature of NPs inspired us to find a convenient way to "immobilize" them inside an activated carbon bed, and thereby, a flow reactor was assembled. The continuous epimerization was run under 24 V for 16 days with an almost unchanged activity, and only 3.2% of total Mo was lost.
GM-611 (Chugai Pharmaceutical). (2001)

GM-611 is an erythromycin derivative that acts as an agonist at the motilin receptor. It is being developed by Chugai as a potential treatment for gastric motility disorder [169036], as well as reflux esophagitis, non-ulcer dyspepsia and diabetic gastroparesis [347963]. GM-611 is in phase II trials in the US for reflux esophagitis [322624], [347955], [399349]. GM-611 acts by a novel mechanism whereby it stimulates and promotes peristalsis in the stomach and other segments of the gastrointestinal tract [334994]. The drug was shown to produce a dose-dependent sustained depolarization of rabbit duodenal smooth muscle. Depolarization appeared to be associated with activation of monovalent cation-selective channels [273336]. In December 2000, Credit Suisse First Boston predicted that successful development of GM-611 could lead to sales over $500 million [400228].
Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated Compounds on Perovskite Oxides (1992)

Abstract Research of perovskite oxide catalysts (AB03) with a rare-earth ion as an A-site and a transition metal ion as a B-site has been concentrated on the complete oxidation of hydrocarbons, particularly related to exhaust control, and revealed that they are potential catalysts for deep combustion of hydrocarbons (1). The complete oxidation activities have been reported to be mainly controlled by the physicochemical property of the B-site metal cations such as the electronic configuration of d-electron (2), the binding energy of B-0 bond (3) and the stabilization energy of the crystal field (4), rather than the relatively small and less important effect of the rare-earth ion of the A-site (5) and also improved by the substitution of other metal cations for A- or B-site (6,7). Although it is difficult to find many investigations on the application of perovskite-type oxides to partial oxidation, in this chapter, the movement to the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds using various perovskite oxides as catalysts is summarized.
Transcript amplification from single bacterium for transcriptome analysis (2011)

Total transcript amplification (TTA) from single eukaryotic cells for transcriptome analysis is established, but TTA from a single prokaryotic cell presents additional challenges with much less starting material, the lack of poly(A)-tails, and the fact that the messages can be polycistronic. Here, we describe a novel method for single-bacterium TTA using a model organism, Burkholderia thailandensis, exposed to a subinhibitory concentration of the antibacterial agent, glyphosate. Utilizing a B. thailandensis microarray to assess the TTA method showed low fold-change bias (less than twofold difference and Pearson correlation coefficient R ≈ 0.87-0.89) and drop-outs (4%-6% of 2842 detectable genes), compared with data obtained from the larger-scale nonamplified RNA samples. Further analysis of the microarray data suggests that B. thailandensis, when exposed to the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis inhibitor glyphosate, induces (or represses) genes to possibly recuperate and balance the intracellular amino acid pool. We validated our single-cell microarray data at the multi-cell and single-cell levels with lacZ and gfp reporter-gene fusions, respectively. Sanger sequencing of 192 clones generated from the TTA product of a single cell, with and without enrichment by elimination of rRNA and tRNA, detected only B. thailandensis sequences with no contamination. These data indicate that RNA-seq of TTA from a single cell is possible using this novel method.
Task Scheduling Method for Data Relay Satellite Network Considering Breakpoint Transmission (2020)

The increasing demands for space-based data transmission pose a great challenge to task scheduling of tracking and data relay satellites (TDRSs). In order to improve the working efficiency and task completion rate of the data relay satellite network (DRSN), for the first time, we propose a novel application mode for DRSN, in which data breakpoint transmission is considered. In the mode of data breakpoint transmission, a single task can be reasonably split into multiple subtasks and thus scheduled in multiple time windows. At first, the task scheduling model of DRSN considering breakpoint transmission is defined. In addition, a two-stage method is designed to generate a high-quality initial solution. Moreover, we propose an adaptive variable neighborhood descent combined with a tabu list (AVND-TL) to iteratively improve the initial solution. In AVND-TL, two task reallocation neighborhood structures are incorporated and adaptively selected during the solution search process, which effectively prevent the algorithm from falling into local optimum. Finally, extensive experiments are carried out to verify that the proposed breakpoint transmission mode and AVND-TL together can significantly improve the task completion rate and resource utilization rate.
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Experimental Diabetes (1969)

Abstract 1. Livers from normal and alloxan diabetic rats were perfused in vitro with a medium in which the concentration of free fatty acid was maintained at relatively constant levels by the infusion of a complex of oleic acid and bovine serum albumin. Concentrations of free fatty acid up to 3.5 mm in the cell-free perfusate were attained. 2. Throughout the range of concentration of free fatty acid which might be expected in the blood under normal and pathological conditions in vivo, the uptake of free fatty acid by the liver in vitro was proportional to the concentration in the medium; rates of uptake of free fatty acid approached saturation only at concentrations of free fatty acid in excess of those encountered in vivo. 3. The accumulation of triglyceride in livers from normal and most probably also in livers from alloxan diabetic rats was proportional to the concentration of free fatty acid in the medium. In contrast to triglyceride, the concentrations of total phospholipid, cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, and free fatty acid in the livers from normal and alloxan diabetic animals was independent of the concentration of free fatty acid in the perfusate. 4. Ketogenesis by livers from normal rats was dependent on the concentration of oleate in the medium; the maximal rates of production of ketone bodies were observed at 1.7 mm oleate. The rate of ketogenesis by livers from normal rats never equaled that by livers from alloxan diabetic animals, regardless of the concentration of free fatty acid in the medium. Although ketogenesis by livers from diabetic rats was responsive to the presence of oleate in the medium, similar and rapid rates of production of ketone bodies were observed over the entire range of concentration of free fatty acid. When livers from normal animals were exposed to high concentrations of oleate and the free fatty acid was withdrawn subsequently, the rates of ketogenesis diminished rapidly even though the concentration of triglyceride was elevated in the liver; glucagon, infused for 3 hours after oleate had been discontinued, could sustain the high rate of ketogenesis only for the short period during which free fatty acid remained in the medium. These observations force us to consider that, unlike free fatty acid, triglyceride fatty acid which accumulates in the livers of normal, fed rats is oxidized slowly, and that glucagon may not exert a major ketogenic action by stimulation of a hepatic triglyceride lipase.
Decoupled simulation in virtual reality with the MR toolkit (1993)

The Virtual Reality (VR) user interface style allows natural hand and body motions to manipulate virtual objects in 3D envu-onments using one or more 3D input devices. This style is best suited to application areas where traditional two-dimensional styles fall short, such as scientific visualization, architectural visualization, and remote manipulation.
SHRP MATERIALS REFERENCE LIBRARY: ASPHALT CEMENTS: A CONCISE DATA COMPILATION (1993)

This report presents a compilation of the chemical and physical properties of the asphalt cements contained in the Strategic Highway Research Program's (SHRP) Materials Reference Library (MRL). In this program, 48 asphalts were collected to provide a common set of materials for use in all the SHRP studies and a long-term library of materials for use by future researchers to validate and expand upon the findings of the SHRP research. The MRL consists of samples of aggregates and asphalt cements that were collected and stored under carefully controlled conditions.
Long-Term Results of Irradiation for Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin of the Nose (1994)

The long-term outcome of basal cell carcinoma of the nose in patients treated with radiation therapy has not been well documented. To make this evaluation, we assessed the cosmetic and oncologic results in 26 patients after an average interval of 9.3 years following radiation therapy. The majority of the patients were treated with only three doses of radiation from a superficial 50-kVp unit. The cosmetic result was evaluated independently by the patient and two of the authors using a defined grading system. The local control rate was 96 percent, with none of the patients having recurrence noted at the follow-up examination. The patient evaluated the cosmetic result as excellent or good in 81 percent (21 of 26) of cases and physicians in 77 percent (20 of 26) of cases. The cosmetic result appears to remain stable over time; 86 percent of the patients treated more than 13 years ago were rated as having an excellent or good cosmetic result. These data suggest that superficial irradiation is associated with good to excellent cosmetic results in most patients and should be considered an important treatment option for patients with basal cell carcinoma of the skin of the nose.
Slow-Binding Inhibition of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase by γ-boroGlu (2001)

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGTase) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of gamma-glutamyl-derived peptides, such as glutathione (gammaGlu-Cys-Gly), and anilides, such as gamma-glutamyl-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (gammaGlu-AMC), to acceptor molecules, including water and various dipeptides. These acyl-transfer reactions all occur through a common acyl-enzyme intermediate formed from attack of an active site hydroxyl on the gamma-carbonyl carbon of gammaGlu-X with displacement of X. In this paper, we report that gammaGTase is potently inhibited by the gamma-boronic acid analogue of L-glutamic acid, 3-amino-3-carboxypropaneboronic acid (gamma-boroGlu). We propose that gamma-boroGlu adds to the active site hydroxyl of gammaGTase to form a covalent, tetrahedral adduct that resembles tetrahedral transition states and intermediates that occur along the reaction pathway for gammaGTase-catalyzed reactions. Our studies demonstrate that gamma-boroGlu is a competitive inhibitor of the gammaGTase-catalyzed hydrolysis of gammaGlu-AMC with a K(i) value of 35 nM. Kinetics of inhibition studies allow us to estimate the following values: k(on) = 400 mM(-1) s(-1) and k(off) = 0.02 s(-1). We also found that gamma-boroGlu is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Gly-Gly-promoted transamidation of gammaGlu-AMC. This observation is consistent with the kinetic mechanism we determined for gammaGTase-catalyzed transamidation of gammaGlu-AMC by Gly-Gly to form gammaGlu-Gly-Gly. To probe rate-limiting transition states for gammaGTase catalysis and inhibition, we determined solvent deuterium isotope effects. Solvent isotope effects on k(c)/K(m) for hydrolysis of gammaGlu-AMC and k(on) for inhibition by gamma-boroGlu are identical and equal unity, suggesting that the processes governed by these rate constants are both rate-limited by a step that is insensitive to solvent deuterium such as a conformational fluctuation of the initially formed E-S or E-I complex. In contrast, the solvent isotope effect on k(c) is 2.4. k(c) is rate-limited by hydrolysis of the acyl-enzyme intermediate that is formed during reaction of gammaGTase with gammaGlu-AMC. Thus, the magnitude of this isotope effect suggests the formation of a catalytically important protonic bridge in the rate-limiting transition state for deacylation.
Reversible transition between transparency and opacity for the porous silica host dispersed with silver nanometer particles within its pores (1996)

The porous silica dispersed with silver nanometer particles (about 3 nm) within its pores (cages) has been prepared by a new method. In the process of alternative exposure to the ambient air and annealing, this material assumes reversible transition between transparency and opacity. This can be explained by oxidation of the outer part of the Ag particles during exposure to the ambient air and dissociation of the oxide during annealing in air.
An Incremental Local Outlier Detection Method in the Data Stream (2018)

Outlier detection has attracted a wide range of attention for its broad applications, such as fault diagnosis and intrusion detection, among which the outlier analysis in data streams with high uncertainty and infinity is more challenging. Recent major work of outlier detection has focused on principle research of the local outlier factor, and there are few studies on incremental updating strategies, which are vital to outlier detection in data streams. In this paper, a novel incremental local outlier detection approach is introduced to dynamically evaluate the local outlier in the data stream. An extended local neighborhood consisting of k nearest neighbors, reverse nearest neighbors and shared nearest neighbors is estimated for each data. The theoretical evidence of algorithm complexity for the insertion of new data and deletion of old data in the composite neighborhood shows that the amount of affected data in the incremental calculation is finite. Finally, experiments performed on both synthetic and real datasets verify its scalability and outlier detection accuracy. All results show that the proposed approach has comparable performance with state-of-the-art k nearest neighbor-based methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenolysis of 3‐Methyl‐4‐phenylmethyl‐5(2H)‐isoxazolone Derivatives: A Reinvestigation. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Illumination chromaticity estimation using inverse-intensity chromaticity space (2003)

Existing color constancy methods cannot handle both uniform colored surfaces and highly textured surfaces in a single integrated framework. Statistics-based methods require many surface colors, and become error prone when there are only few surface colors. In contrast, dichromatic-based methods can successfully handle uniformly colored surfaces, but cannot be applied to highly textured surfaces since they require precise color segmentation. In this paper, we present a single integrated method to estimate illumination chromaticity from single/multi-colored surfaces. Unlike the existing dichromatic-based methods, the proposed method requires only rough highlight regions, without segmenting the colors inside them. We show that, by analyzing highlights, a direct correlation between illumination chromaticity and image chromaticity can be obtained. This correlation is clearly described in "inverse-intensity chromaticity space", a new two-dimensional space we introduce. In addition, by utilizing the Hough transform and histogram analysis in this space, illumination chromaticity can be estimated robustly, even for a highly textured surface. Experimental results on real images show the effectiveness of the method.
ZnO/TiO<sub>2</sub>nanocable structured photoelectrodes for CdS/CdSe quantum dot co-sensitized solar cells (2012)

Photoelectrode made of nanocable structure of ZnO nanorods (NR) coated with TiO(2) nanosheets (NSs) was investigated for CdS/CdSe quantum dot co-sensitized solar cells. ZnO NRs prepared solution reaction at 60 °C served as the backbone for direct electron transport in view of the single crystallinity of the ZnO NRs and the high electron mobility of ZnO semiconductor. Anatase TiO(2) NSs with the thickness of ∼10 nm and the length of ∼100 nm were assembled onto the surface of ZnO NRs via a solvothermal method. It was found that the thin shell of TiO(2) might have remarkable influence on the quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) through (a) increasing the surface area of ZnO NRs to allow for adsorbing more quantum dots (QDs), which led to high short current density, (b) forming an energy barrier that hindered the electrons in the ZnO from being back to the electrolyte and QDs, and thus, reduced the charge recombination rate, resulting in prolonged electron lifetime and enhanced open voltage. In comparison with the case of ZnO NRs, the short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and charge recombination resistance of ZnO/TiO(2) nanocable photoelectrode increase by 3%, 44%, 48% and 220%, respectively. As a result, a power conversion efficiency of 2.7% of QDSCs with core-shell structural nanocable photoelectrode has been obtained, which is as much as 230% of that of 1.2% obtained for ZnO NR photoelectrode.
Synthetic bone graft substitutes (2001)

Replacement of extensive local bone loss is a significant clinical challenge. There are a variety of techniques available to the surgeon to manage this problem, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. It is well known that there is morbidity associated with harvesting of autogenous bone graft and limitations in the quantity of bone available. Alternatively allografts have been reported to have a significant incidence of postoperative infection and fracture as well as the potential risk of disease transmission. During the past 30 years a variety of synthetic bone graft substitutes has been developed with the aim to minimize these complications. The benefits of synthetic grafts include availability, sterility and reduced morbidity. The present article examines the relevance of synthetic bone graft substitutes, their mechanical properties and clinical application.