gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Pigment Particles on Gloss and Printability for Inkjet Paper Coatings (2004)

Previously, we have shown that coatings formulated with fumed silica pigments are capable of producing glossy inkjet media, despite the presence of these coating cracks, caused by shrinkage of the coating layer. However, their high cost and the inability to run them at high solids (>30% solids) limits their commercial application. Raising the coating solids with the addition of conventional pigments reduces the amount of shrinkage that occurs during drying, and thereby reduces the coating cracks, improving the final gloss of the coating layer.In this research, the solids of fumed silica coating systems were increased by adding co-pigments of different particle sizes. Fumed silica was used as the main pigment and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and ultra fine ground calcium carbonate (UFGCC) were used as co-pigments. The ratio of fumed silica to co-pigments were 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 0:100. These blends of pigments were previously shown to produce high gloss and good printability. The coatings were applied using Meyer rods to obtain a coat weight of 10g/m2 on one side. The optical brightness, printability, ink density, and ink gloss were compared. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the co-pigment systems had optical properties and printing qualities as good as the mono pigment coatings.
Methods Used by Dental Practice-based Research Network (DPBRN) Dentists to Diagnose Dental Caries (2011)

The use of specific diagnostic methods varied substantially. The dental explorer and radiographs are still the most commonly used diagnostic methods..
Reconsidering complex branch predictors (2003)

To sustain instruction throughput rates in more aggressively clocked microarchitectures, microarchitects have incorporated larger and more complex branch predictors into their designs, taking advantage of the increasing numbers of transistors available on a chip. Unfortunately, because of penalties associated with their implementations, the extra accuracy provided by many branch predictors does not produce a proportionate increase in performance. Specifically, we show that the techniques used to hide the latency of a large and complex branch predictor do not scale well and will be unable to sustain IPC for deeper pipelines. We investigate a different way to build large branch predictors. We propose an alternative predictor design that completely hides predictor latency so that accuracy and hardware budget are the only factors that affect the efficiency of the predictor. Our simple design allows the predictor to be pipelined efficiently by avoiding difficulties introduced by complex predictors. Because this predictor eliminates the penalties associated with complex predictors, overall performance exceeds that of even the most accurate known branch predictors in the literature at large hardware budgets. We conclude that as chip densities increase in the next several years, the accuracy of complex branch predictors must be weighed against the performance benefits of simple branch predictors.
Insulin and Glucagon Binding to Hepatocytes in Relation to Circulating Hormones and Metabolites in Goats Maintained on Different Diets (1981)

Insulin and glucagon receptors were measured on hepatocytes in relation to circulating hormones (insulin, glucagon and growth hormone) and metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, volatile fatty acids, glucose, total lipids, urea and alpha-amino nitrogen), in twelve, two-year old, castrated male goats, fed rations of different composition and dietary energy. The goats were separated into four groups; group 1 was fed a restricted ration of 600 g clover hay/day, group 2 a ration high in carbohydrate (rolled barley), group 3 a ration high in fat (protected tallow) and group 4 a ration high in protein (fish meal). Rations in groups 2 - 4 were fed at 1300 g/day supplemented with 600 g of clover hay. The binding of insulin to hepatocyte receptors was increased by restricting dietary intake when compared to the high energy intake groups (p less than 0.01). There was no significant difference between the insulin binding of groups 2 -4. Glucagon receptor binding was increased on the high protein diet in comparison with th ration high in carbohydrate (p less than 0.05) or in fat (p less than 0.01). The glucagon binding was reduced by restricting feed intake when compared wih feeding high protein (p less than 0.02), but slightly increased when compared with feeding diets high in both carbohydrate or fat (p less than 0.02). There was no significant difference between the high carbohydrate or high fat fed groups. These changes in hormone receptors were accompanied by inverse changes in plasma insulin and glucagon.
Darstellung und Umsetzungen von Alkyl‐dischwefel‐chloriden (1958)

Abstract Alkyl‐dischwefel‐chloride RS 2 Cl lassen sich durch Chlorolyse sowohl von Dialkyl‐trisulfiden als auch von Alkyl‐acyl‐disulfiden gewinnen. — Alkyl‐dischwefel‐chloride werden durch Jod‐Ionen in Dialkyl‐tetrasulfide RS 4 R übergeführt und reagieren mit Alkenen unter Bildung von Alkyl‐2‐chloralkyl‐disulfiden. Die Umsetzung von Alkyl‐dischwefel‐chloriden mit Mercaptanen führt zu Dialkyl‐trisulfiden, ein Weg, auf dem auch unsymmetrische Trisulfide RS 3 R′ zugänglich sind.
In Vivo Analysis of Cajal Body Movement, Separation, and Joining in Live Human Cells (2000)

Cajal bodies (also known as coiled bodies) are subnuclear organelles that contain specific nuclear antigens, including splicing small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and a subset of nucleolar proteins. Cajal bodies are localized in the nucleoplasm and are often found at the nucleolar periphery. We have constructed a stable HeLa cell line, HeLa(GFP-coilin), that expresses the Cajal body marker protein, p80 coilin, fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP-coilin). The localization pattern and biochemical properties of the GFP-coilin fusion protein are identical to the endogenous p80 coilin. Time-lapse recordings on 63 nuclei of HeLa(GFP-coilin) cells showed that all Cajal bodies move within the nucleoplasm. Movements included translocations through the nucleoplasm, joining of bodies to form larger structures, and separation of smaller bodies from larger Cajal bodies. Also, we observed Cajal bodies moving to and from nucleoli. The data suggest that there may be at least two classes of Cajal bodies that differ in their size, antigen composition, and dynamic behavior. The smaller size class shows more frequent and faster rates of movement, up to 0.9 microm/min. The GFP-coilin protein is dynamically associated with Cajal bodies as shown by changes in their fluorescence intensity over time. This study reveals an unexpectedly high level of movement and interactions of nuclear bodies in human cells and suggests that these movements may be driven, at least in part, by regulated mechanisms.
Identification of autoreactive CD8+ T cell responses targeting chromogranin A in humanized NOD mice and type 1 diabetes patients (2015)

ChgA has recently been identified as the autoantigen for diabetogenic CD4(+) T cells in NOD mice and T1D patients. However, autoreactive CD8(+) T-cell responses targeting ChgA haven't been studied yet. Here several HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides derived from mChgA and hChgA were selected by an integrated computational prediction approach, followed by an HLA-A*0201 binding assay. MChgA10-19 and mChgA(43-52) peptides, which bound well with HLA-A*0201 molecule, induced significant proliferation and IFN-γ-releasing of splenocytes from diabetic NOD.β2m(null).HHD mice. Notably, flow cytometry analysis found that mChgA(10-19) and mChgA(43-52) stimulated the production of IFN-γ, perforin, and IL-17 by splenic CD8(+) T cells of diabetic NOD.β2m(null).HHD mice. Furthermore, hChgA(10-19) and hChgA(43-52)-induced IFN-γ releasing by specific CD8(+) T cells were frequently detected in recent-onset HLA-A*0201-positive T1D patients. Thus, this study demonstrated that autoreactive CD8(+) T cells targeting ChgA were present in NOD.β2m(null).HHD mice and T1D patients, and might contribute to pathogenesis of T1D through secreting proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules.
Myocardial Bridging of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery: Depiction Rate and Morphologic Features by Dual-Source CT Coronary Angiography (2010)

The depiction rate of LAD-MB using DSCT in a large series of patients was 42%, with two-thirds of MB segments being the superficial type.
Cellular immune responses induced <i>in vitro</i> by <i>Ehrlichia ruminantium</i> secreted proteins and identification of vaccine candidate peptides (2016)

Secreted proteins are reported to induce cell-mediated immunity characterised by the production of interferon-gamma (IFN)-γ. In this study three open reading frames (ORFs) (Erum8060, Erum7760, Erum5000) encoding secreted proteins were selected from the Ehrlichia ruminantium (Welgevonden) genome sequence using bioinformatics tools to determine whether they induce a cellular immune response in vitro with mononuclear cells from needle and tick infected animals. The whole recombinant protein of the three ORFs as well as four adjacent fragments of the Erum5000 protein (Erum5000A, Erum5000B, Erum5000C, Erum5000D) were successfully expressed in a bacterial expression system which was confirmed by immunoblots using anti-His antibodies and sheep sera. These recombinant proteins were assayed with immune sheep and cattle peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), spleen and lymph node (LN) cells to determine whether they induce recall cellular immune responses in vitro. Significant proliferative responses and IFN-γ production were evident for all recombinant proteins, especially Erum5000A, in both ruminant species tested. Thus overlapping peptides spanning Erum5000A were synthesised and peptides that induce proliferation of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and production of IFN-γ were identified. These results illustrate that a Th1 type immune response was elicited and these recombinant proteins and peptides may therefore be promising candidates for development of a heartwater vaccine.
Effects of Insulin on Retinal and Pulsatile Choroidal Blood Flow in Humans (2000)

Hyperinsulinemia significantly increases choroidal blood flow and mean blood flow velocity in the ophthalmic artery. By contrast, retinal blood flow was not influenced by hyperinsulinemia. The maximum effective dose of insulin for ocular hemodynamics is likely to be within the physiological range.
Reliability of ambipolar switching poly-Si diodes for cross-point memory applications (2011)

The ambipolar switching diodes with poly-Si n/p/n were successfully demonstrated for cross-point memory applications, such as RRAM. The high J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ~ 0.1 MA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was obtained to provide memory programming for area = 2.25 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Both negative and positive biases made the positive shift of the J-V curve with DC stress 100 sec and were contributed by acceptor-like defect formation. However, the reliability is sufficient for >;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> cycles of 100 ns operation (~0.1 s total stress at 4V). V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BD</sub> of 2.25 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> cm was estimated >; 1V for 10 years. Finally, the authors are very grateful for the support and funding provided by the National Science Council (NSC 98-2221-E-003-020-MY3), for carrying out the process by National Nano Device Laboratories (NDL).
Compiled visual programs by VisPro (2004)

VisPro is a general-purpose visual language generation system based on Reserved Graph Grammar (RGG). It is also the execution environment of visual programming languages (VPLs) developed under the VisPro system. However, due to the lack of compilation facilities, VisPro could only generate simple interpreted VPLs. We have developed a compilation mechanism for VisPro to implement compiled visual programs (VPs). The compiled visual programs are the executable diagrams that can be executed repeatedly. We present our approach in details in this paper.
Comparison study of pivot methods for global optimization (1997)

We compare two implementations of a new algorithm called the pivot method for the location of the global minimum of a multiple minima problem. The pivot method uses a series of randomly placed probes in phase space, moving the worst probes to be near better probes iteratively until the system converges. The original implementation, called the “lowest energy pivot method,” chooses the pivot probes with a probability based on the energy of the probe. The second approach, called the “nearest neighbor pivot method,” chooses the pivot probes to be the nearest neighbor points in the phase space. We examine the choice of distribution by comparing the efficiency of the methods for Gaussian versus generalized q-distribution, based on the Tsallis entropy in the relocation of the probes. The two implementations of the method are tested with a series of test functions and with several Lennard-Jones clusters of various sizes. It appears that the nearest neighbor pivot method using the generalized q-distribution is superior to previous methods.
Phacoemulsification tip vacuum pressure: Comparison of 4 devices (2006)

Although there were some variations in vacuum pressures among phacoemulsification machines, particularly when an aspiration bypass tip was used, these discrepancies are probably not clinically significant.
Investigations of phase transitions in liquid crystals by means of adiabatic scanning calorimetry (2009)

High-resolution calorimetric techniques have substantially contributed in characterising and understanding the delicate thermal behaviour near many phase transitions in liquid crystals. In this paper we describe a high-resolution adiabatic scanning calorimetric technique that has proven to be an important tool in discriminating between first-order and second-order phase transitions in addition to rendering high-resolution information on fluctuations-induced pretransitional specific heat capacity behaviour. The capabilities of adiabatic scanning calorimetry are illustrated with experimental results for the isotropic to nematic and the isotropic to smectic A transitions for a series of alkylcyanobiphenyl compounds. For the nematic to smectic A transition results are presented for pure compounds and mixtures of liquid crystals as well as on the effects of added non-mesogenic solutes and nanoparticles. For chiral molecules results for phase transitions involving blue phases and twist grain boundary phases are considered.
Structural determination of oligosaccharides from recombinant iduronidase released with peptide <i>N</i>‐glycanase F using fluorophore‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (1998)

The lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidoses I (MPS I) is caused by a deficiency in the production of alpha-L-iduronidase. Recently, a recombinant alpha-L-iduronidase has been produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. It is thought that for alpha-L-iduronidase to be correctly targeted to the lysosomal vesicle a particular oligosaccharide make-up must be present, and characterization of the carbohydrates is critical. Oligosaccharides from alpha-L-iduronidase were analyzed using fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE). The FACE system uses polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate, quantify, and determine the sequence of oligosaccharides released from glycoproteins. Asparagine-linked oligosaccharides were released from alpha-L-iduronidase using the enzyme peptide N-glycanase F (PNGase F). Released oligosaccharides were labeled with a fluorophore at the reducing termini by reductive amination. A total of nine bands were sequenced from the released pool of oligosaccharides. The pool of fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides was then electrophoresed in preparative gels and each band individually excised and extracted. Isolated bands were treated with a series of exoenzymes to determine the sequence of monosaccharides that make up a particular oligosaccharide. A total of eighteen different oligosaccharides were identified from the original pool of oligosaccharides. A majority of the oligosaccharides, over 73%, were found to be of the sialylated complex type. Four of the oligosaccharides were phosphorylated, making up approximately 11% of the carbohydrate pool, and the remaining 15% were of the oligomannose type.
Identification and Measurement of Dirt Composition of Manufactured Steel Plates Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2004)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used for the characterization of the main components of the surface residual dirt produced in cold-rolled steel plates as a consequence of the manufacturing stages. At laser fluences between 0.05 J/cm(2) < F < 0.30 J/cm(2), dirt ablation takes place without any contribution from the substrate. Results show that the main components of the dirt are fine particles of Fe mostly homogeneously distributed in a thin layer of grease and soaps. In the primary stages of the manufacturing process carbon residuals can also be found. By measuring light emission from the lambda = 495.9 nm line of Fe(I) after laser ablation, we developed a real-time on-line method for the determination of the concentration of iron particles present in the surface dirt. The obtained results open new possibilities in the design of real-time instruments for industrial applications as a quality control of products and processes.
ChemInform Abstract: ACID‐BASE PROPERTIES OF PERFLUOROALKYLTHIO‐ AND PERFLUOROALKYLSULFONYL‐SUBSTITUTED BENZOIC ACIDS AND ANILINES (1984)

Abstract Die im Titel genannten Säuren (X1) bzw. (XII) werden hergestellt und ihre pK a ‐Wertc mit denen von analog substituierten Anilinen verglichen (Tabelle).
Electrorheological Fluid Dynamics (2008)

We use the Onsager principle to derive a two-phase continuum formulation for the hydrodynamics of the electrorheological (ER) fluid, consisting of dielectric microspheres dispersed in an insulating liquid. Predictions of the theory are in excellent agreement with the experiments. In particular, it is shown that whereas the usual configuration of applied electric field being perpendicular to the shearing direction can lead to shear thinning at high shear rates and thus the loss of ER effect, the interdigitated, alternating electrodes configuration can eliminate the shear-thinning effect.
Peculiarities of High-Amplitude Dislocation Internal Friction in Molybdenum Single Crystals of High Purity in the Temperature Range 5.9 to 300 K (1982)

Peculiarities of High-Amplitude Dislocation Internal Friction in Molybdenum Single Crystals of High Purity in the Temperature Range 5.9 to 300 K was published in Volume 69, Number 1 January 16 on page 127.
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Intermediates in Methane-to-Methanol Conversion by FeO<sup>+</sup> (2010)

Gas phase FeO(+) can convert methane to methanol under thermal conditions. Two key intermediates of this reaction are the [HO-Fe-CH(3)](+) insertion intermediate and Fe(+)(CH(3)OH) exit channel complex. These intermediates are selectively formed by reaction of laser-ablated Fe(+) with organic precursors under specific source conditions and are cooled in a supersonic expansion. Vibrational spectra of the sextet and quartet states of the intermediates in the O-H and C-H stretching regions are measured by infrared multiple photon dissociation of Fe(+)(CH(3)OH) and [HO-Fe-CH(3)](+) and by monitoring argon atom loss following irradiation of Fe(+)(CH(3)OH)(Ar) and [HO-Fe-CH(3)](+)(Ar)(n) (n = 1, 2). Analysis of the experimental results is aided by comparison with hybrid density functional theory computed frequencies. Also, an improved potential energy surface for the FeO(+) + CH(4) reaction is developed based on CCSD(T) and CBS-QB3 calculations for the reactants, intermediates, transition states, and products.
NON-INTRUSIVE AND NON-CONTACT SLEEP MONITORING WITH SEISMOMETER (2018)

Monitoring sleep quality and status is important to learn health condition for improvement and prevent sleep apnea. A bed-mounted seismometer system is proposed to monitor the heart and respiratory rates, and body movement and posture, during the sleep. To effectively monitor sleep status, an innovative local maxima statistics based approach and an instantaneous property based method are developed to estimate heart and respiratory rates, respectively. These methods are more robust and stable compared to previous works. Besides, algorithms for body movement and posture identification are also investigated based on instantaneous properties. A prototype system is demonstrated, showing great potentials in monitoring a person's sleep status under different conditions.
Cloning of immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes from mouse liver and myeloma MOPC 173 (1979)

The organization of the kappa chain constant region gene was compared in DNA from an immunoglobulin-producing mouse myeloma (MOPC 173) and from liver. In situ hybridization using the Southern blotting technique revealed constant region gene-containing EcoRI-DNA fragments of 14 and 20 kb in the myeloma tissue whereas one EcoRI-DNA fragment with a length of 15 kb was found in liver DNA. After enrichment by RPC-5 chromatography and preparative electrophoresis the 14 kb fragment from MOPC 173 DNA and the 15 kb fragment from liver DNA were cloned in the bacteriophage lambda vector Charon 4A using in vitro packaging. Extensive characterization of the two fragments by restriction endonuclease mapping, in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy (R-loop and heteroduplex) showed that both fragments contain the constant region but no MOPC 173 variable region gene. Both fragments are homologous over a length of 12.5 kb including the constant region but differ from one another starting about 2.7 kb from the 5' end of the constant region gene. This indicates that the 14 kb EcoRI-DNA fragment from the myeloma tissue clearly resulted from somatic DNA rearrangement although it does not seem to carry the MOPC 173 variable region gene. These observations suggest that somatic DNA rearrangement of immunoglobulin light chain genes can involve both homologous chromosomes.Images