gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trajectory analysis for magnetic particle imaging (2008)

Recently a new imaging technique called magnetic particle imaging was proposed. The method uses the nonlinear response of magnetic nanoparticles when a time varying magnetic field is applied. Spatial encoding is achieved by moving a field-free point through an object of interest while the field strength in the vicinity of the point is high. A resolution in the submillimeter range is provided even for fast data acquisition sequences. In this paper, a simulation study is performed on different trajectories moving the field-free point through the field of view. The purpose is to provide mandatory information for the design of a magnetic particle imaging scanner. Trajectories are compared with respect to density, speed and image quality when applied in data acquisition. Since simulation of the involved physics is a time demanding task, moreover, an efficient implementation is presented utilizing caching techniques.
Parameter optimization of multistage missile for terminal velocity maximization (2015)

This paper deals with an optimal control and parameter optimization problem of three-stage missile system. The objective function of this problem is to find a control input history for maximum terminal velocity. This missile is designed to intercept an aerial target at long distance and low altitude. The missile should be delivered to a target position with maximum terminal velocity for high killing ability. The missile has two boosting stages and warhead part, and is modelled as simplified 3-DOF in the pitch plane. The missile is accelerated by a thrust force and controlled by pitch angle which is aligned to thrust direction. Pitch angle history is optimal control input in this problem. Additional optimized parameter is coast time between first and second stage as well as pitch history for maximum terminal velocity. Two optimization methods are used: one is Pseudo Spectral method for optimal control problem and the other is Co-evolutionary Augmented Lagrangian Method for parameter optimization.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Copper-Powder-Filled High Density Polyethylene Composites (2000)

HDPE/copper powder composites have been characterised from the point of view of mechanical and thermal properties. Results are presented for copper contents varying between 0 and 24 vol%. Generally, the composites present poorer mechanical properties than the unfilled polymer but a better thermal stability. The experimental data were interpreted using appropriate theoretical models and morphological information based on optical microscopy.
Wireless interrogator system for SAW-identification-marks and SAW-sensor components (2002)

A sensor system is presented, comprising surface acoustic wave (SAW) components as identification marks ("ID-tags") or as sensor elements for various tasks, and an interrogator for reading the sensor elements from a distance. As interrogator a chirp radar device at 2.45 GHz center frequency was developed, using a pair of dispersive SAW filters for pulse expansion and compression. It transmits expanded pulse signals to the SAW sensor elements and receives their responses. Reading ID-tags at a maximum distance of about 2.5 m with 10 mW peak output power, this system was successfully introduced to the Munich subway system for railway vehicle identification at high speed.
Two-Photon Absorbing Block Copolymer as a Nanocarrier for Porphyrin:  Energy Transfer and Singlet Oxygen Generation in Micellar Aqueous Solution (2007)

A novel amphiphilic water-soluble 2PA-chromophore-containing block copolymer was designed and synthesized. Micelles (nanostructures) were generated in the aqueous solution using the block copolymer and characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We demonstrated that hydrophobic porphyrin could be incorporated into aqueous solution with the assistance of micelles. The results from DLS showed that the average diameters are in the range of 59−77 nm. Efficient energy transfer (as high as 96%) from the 2PA chromophore to porphyrin was observed in micellar aqueous solution even though the donor and acceptor were not covalently bonded. Furthermore, the energy transfer contributes to the efficient generation of the singlet oxygen (by a factor of 2.6 at 800 nm) from the porphyrin guest molecules.
Investigations with bioactivated polymethylmethacrylates (1979)

Compound bone cement on a PMMA base with an additive of bioactive glass ceramic particles in different portions and different particle sizes are tested in animal experiments. The tissue reactions to extracorporal polymerized specimens and to in situ polymerized specimens are observed. The experiments with an implantation period up to six months demonstrate a tight bonding between the newly formed osseous tissue and the glass ceramic particles at the interface. The inflammatory reactions in the vicinity of the implant are small. It is the objective of the investigations to improve the adherance of the bone cement at the interface to achieve a more durable anchorage of bone cement in the tissue.
Activation of p38 MAPK in the substantia nigra leads to nuclear translocation of NF‐κB in MPTP‐treated mice: implication in Parkinson’s disease (2009)

Activation and translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) from cytoplasm to the nucleus has been reported in models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Our focus was to discern the upstream events which ultimately lead to NF-kappaB nuclear translocation using animal model of PD. We demonstrate that p38 activation results in downstream phosphorylation of NF-kappaB and accumulation of p65 subunit of NF-kappaB selectively in ventral midbrain but not in striatum. Treatment with p38 inhibitor, SB239063, prevented downstream phosphorylation of IkappaB alpha and p65 translocation to the nucleus in the ventral midbrain. Phosphorylation of anti-apoptotic Bcl2, an NF-kappaB target gene by p38 to inactive pBcl2ser87 was also attenuated by SB239063. Increased staining of p65 in the nuclei of cells in the substantia nigra but not in the ventral tegmental area of MPTP-treated mice further suggests a role for NF-kappaB in PD. In agreement with the above, sustained caspase activation is seen in the ventral midbrain but not in striatum. We demonstrate the region specific p38-mediated activation of NF-kappaB following MPTP treatment demonstrating the role of p38/NF-kappaB signaling in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. Selective inhibitors of p38 may therefore, help preserve the surviving neurons in PD and slow down the disease progression.
A Digitized IF-Over-Fiber Transmission Based on Low-Pass Delta-Sigma Modulation (2014)

In this letter, we propose and demonstrate a digitized intermediate frequency (IF)-over-fiber transmission system based on the delta-sigma modulation technique as a means of digitizing an analog IF signal. Using a realized 130-nm CMOS, two-level third-order low-pass delta-sigma modulator (DSM) chip operating at 622.08 MHz, a 64-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation long-term evolution (LTE) 10-MHz signal at a 10-MHz IF frequency was successfully digitized, transported over an emulated digital fiber-optic link, and analyzed in terms of signal spectra, error vector magnitude (EVM), and constellations. The difference between power levels of the received LTE IF signal and quantization noise due to the developed DSM was larger than 45 dB, and an EVM value of 2.48% for the received LTE signal was obtained.
Dengue Virus Replication Enhancement in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes from Immune Human Beings (1976)

Dengue 2 virus replication in peripheral blood leukocyte cultures from 10 of 13 Asian or Polynesian subjects with actively acquired dengue immunity and two of three infants with passively acquired dengue antibody. Only 2 of 11 cultures from nonimmune infants or children supported viral replication. This study establishes a parallel in the biological behavior of human and simian PBL with respect to the immunological dependence of dengue virus replication in vitro. Elucidation of the mechanism (or mechamisms) regulating growth of dengue virus in leukocytes from immune hosts may contribute to an understanding of the role that virus-leukocyte interactions play in the pathogenesis of human dengue illness.
Determination of catecholamines in single adrenal medullary cells by capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced native fluorescence (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of catecholamines in single adrenal medullary cells by capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced native fluorescenceHuan-Tsung. Chang and Edward S. YeungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 6, 1079–1083Publication Date (Print):March 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00102a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00102a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Current status and prospects of immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer]. (2014)

Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are three major therapies for cancer. But now, hope is being gathered in immunotherapy as a treatment for fourth. Immunotherapy has been done than before, but they are non-specific immunotherapy. Those that have become hot topics are specific immunotherapies targeting certain molecules or antigens. In this chapter, current status and prospects of immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are described. As concrete examples, Sipuleucel-T(Provenge), GVAX, PROSTVAC-VF, Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 mAb), anti-PD-1 mAb and anti-PSMA mAb are cited. As a result, it is not obtained results which therapy also satisfactory at present. Because of its uncertainties we are in the developmental stages of this therapy and improved outcomes might be achievable.
Mechanism of High Selectivity and Impurity Effects in HBr RIE: In-Situ Surface Analysis (1992)

The brominated surface layer of SiO 2 was studied after HBr reactive ion etching (RIE) with in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Bromine was observed, but neither the Si-Si nor the Si-Br x bond was spectrally detected. Most of the bromine on the SiO 2 surface desorbed after atmospheric exposure. Oxygen was depleted by both HBr RIE and rare gas sputtering, and the XPS peak was broadened by sputtering. Carbon addition enhanced the oxygen depletion and the peak broadening. Results indicate that the conventional “chemical sputtering” does not occur in the HBr RIE of SiO 2 , but rather oxygen extraction by ion bombardment or preferential sputtering initiates the etching reaction. After the extraction, bromine reacts with silicon within the same collision cascade, and prevents the Si-O recombination, which is observed as the peak broadening. Carbon enhances the oxygen extraction.
Effects of Chondroitinase ABC on Intrathecal and Peripheral Nerve Tissue (1991)

The enzyme chondroitinase ABC has recently been suggested for use in chemonucleolysis. The effects of 200 U ml of chondroitinase ABC were studied on intrathecal and peripheral nerve tissue in rabbits. After the intrathecal (subarachnoid) application of 0.2 ml of either the diluent in the control group (N = 2) or chondroitinase in the study group (N = 4), no neurologic deficit was detected. Compared with the control group, no morphologic changes at the light microscopic level were induced in the spinal cord by chondroitinase. No neurophysiologic differences were detected between tibial nerves after exposure to 1 ml of the diluent (control, N = 8) or chondroitinase (the other leg) for 4 weeks, nor did the study group, compared with the control group, show any morphologic changes in the tibial nerves. Because the concentration of chondroitinase ABC tested was approximately 40 times higher than might be used clinically for chemonucleolysis, the present study indicates a wide margin of safety for unwanted side effects on nerve tissue.
A Method for Measuring Uric Acid Accurately in Refrigerated Urine Specimens (2004)

Background : There have been many reports about the decrease in uric acid concentration in refrigerated urine specimens as compared to fresh urine. In an effort to correct this problem, pre-treatment steps such as the pre-alkalinization of sample tubes or the pre-dilution of urine were recommended before the refrigeration. The authors sought to find a way to correct the decreased measurement of uric acid concentrations in the refrigerated urine samples. Methods : The uric acid concentrations of 53 fresh urine samples were measured and all were refrigerated. After 24 hours of refrigeration, the samples were measured for their uric acid concentrations (the refrigerated samples). All samples were then mixed well with 1 M NaOH 20 L/mL (the refrigerated-alkalinized samples) and they were again measured for their uric acid concentrations. The differences of uric acid concentrations between the fresh urine samples and the refrigerated samples and also between the fresh urine samples and the refrigerated-alkalinized samples were noted. Results : In a precipitated group of 14 urine samples, the compared results between the fresh urine and the refrigerated urine showed a statistically significant difference (PL/mL to the urine samples after refrigeration was recommended for accurate measurement of uric acid concentration.
Effects of electrode structure on output electron energy distribution of microchannel plates (1986)

The output energy distribution of microchannel plates with different output electrode structures has been studied experimentally. It is shown that the penetration depth of the output electrode into the microchannel plates ω is a very important factor affecting both the output energy spread and the gain. When ω becomes twice the length of a channel diameter, the unfavorable tail component in the energy distribution can be suppressed. Improvement in the output energy spread, however, results in a considerable gain reduction. These characteristics are clarified by the internal current behavior in MCPs inferred from two operating dynode currents at the input and output ends.
Nutritional basis for relating <i>Prototheca</i> and <i>Chlorella</i> (1972)

Prototheca, which has been referred to as an achlorophyllous Chlorella, is now for the first time associated nutritionally with Chlorella protothecoides. Prototheca spp. and C. protothecoides share a requirement for thiamine and lack the ability to assimilate nitrate. This provides circumstantial evidence that Prototheca and C. protothecoides are related and excludes the other morphologically similar Chlorella.
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolic Disposition of Sirolimus in Healthy Male Volunteers After a Single Oral Dose (2006)

The pharmacokinetics and metabolic disposition of sirolimus (rapamycin, Rapamune), a macrocyclic immunosuppressive agent for the prevention of allograft rejection in organ transplantation, were investigated in 6 healthy male volunteers after a single nominal 40-mg oral dose of the C-radiolabeled drug, with the added aim of assessing the potential role of sirolimus metabolites in the clinical pharmacology of the parent drug. The absorption of parent drug and derived materials was rapid (tmax 1.3 +/- 0.5 hours, mean +/- SD), and the elimination of sirolimus was slow (t(1/2) 60 +/- 10 hours, mean +/- SD) in whole blood. The high whole blood to plasma (B/P) concentration ratio of sirolimus (142 +/- 39) was consistent with its extensive partitioning into formed blood elements. The markedly lower B/P value based on radioactivity (2.7 +/- 0.4) suggested that drug-derived products partitioned into formed blood elements to a much lesser extent. Based on AUC0-144h values, unchanged sirolimus represented an average 35% of total radioactivity in whole blood. Drug-derived products in whole blood were characterized by HPLC, LC/MS, and LC/MS/MS as 41-O-demethyl, 7-O-demethyl, and several hydroxy, dihydroxy, hydroxy-demethyl and didemethyl sirolimus metabolites. The percentage distribution of sirolimus metabolites in whole blood ranged from 3%-10% at 1 hour to 6%-17% at 24 hours after drug administration. Based on their low immunosuppressive activities and relative abundance in whole blood of humans after sirolimus administration, metabolites of sirolimus do not appear to play a major role in the clinical pharmacology of the parent drug. A majority of the administered radioactivity (91.0 +/- 8.0%) was recovered from feces, and only 2.2% +/- 0.9% was renally excreted.
Artificially induced metastasis by cells from spontaneous Lucké renal adenocarcinoma. (1984)

This communication reports the development of tumour colonies in various organs after vascular dissemination of disaggregated cells from spontaneously arising Lucké renal adenocarcinomata in Cyclosporin-A-treated allogeneic frogs, Rana pipiens. The sites of tumour cell colonies were mesonephros, lung, bladder, mesentery, fat body and muscle. It was also found that digestion of these tumours with collagenase is an effective means of obtaining sufficient dissociated viable cells for large experiments and that cryo-preservation does not abrogate the ability of these cells to form metastatic deposits. This report, therefore, introduces a new tumour system for the study of factors affecting metastasis using naturally occurring tumours.
CTR degradation and ageing problem of optocouplers (1995)

The paper reviews the optocoupler ageing problem, the main causes of the potential CTR degradation, the explanation of the increase in the proportion of recombination current, and certain important aspects of the reliability of optocouplers.
Rapid screening method for aflatoxin in a number of products (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid screening method for aflatoxin in a number of productsCharles E. Holaday and John. LansdenCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1975, 23, 6, 1134–1136Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60202a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60202a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stem cell tracking with optically active nanoparticles. (2013)

Stem-cell-based therapies hold promise and potential to address many unmet clinical needs. Cell tracking with modern imaging modalities offers insight into the underlying biological process of the stem-cell-based therapies, with the goal to reveal cell survival, migration, homing, engraftment, differentiation, and functions. Adaptability, sensitivity, resolution, and non-invasiveness have contributed to the longstanding use of optical imaging for stem cell tracking and analysis. To identify transplanted stem cells from the host tissue, optically active probes are usually used to label stem cells before the administration. In comparison to the traditional fluorescent probes like fluorescent proteins and dyes, nanoparticle-based probes are advantageous in terms of the photo-stabilities and minimal changes to the cell phenotype. The main focus here is to overview the recent development of optically active nanoparticles for stem cells tracking. The related optical imaging modalities include fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy imaging.
Antiovulatory Activity of Synthetic Corticoids (1975)

A single dose of triamcinolone acetonide had antiovulatory properties in 7 of 11 women when injected on day 1 or 2 of the menstrual cycle. Daily blood studies in three subjects revealed that the FSH and LH surges were absent, and there was no rise in plasma progesterone. Follicular function, as manifested by estrogen levels, was maintained.
Standardization of inhalation provocation tests: two techniques of aerosol generation and inhalation compared. (1981)

Comparison of methods of aerosol generation and inhalation is required to improve standardization of inhalation provocation tests. We compared two widely used methods in 10 asthmatics, by measuring the dose and distribution of radiolabeled aerosol deposited in the throat and lung, and the provocation concentration of inhaled histamine required to reduce the FEV1 by 20% (PC20). In one method, aerosol was generated by a DeVilbiss 646 nebulizer attached to a dosimeter, and was inhaled by 5 inspiratory capacity breaths. The measurements with each method were repeated once to determine the reproducibility of results. Both methods deposited the same dose in the lung, but the distribution of the dose was different; the dosimeter method deposited more aerosol in the throat and central airways. The PC20 obtained with each method was the same. The reproducibility of all measurements in the same subject was similar. The lung dose deposited by each method in different subjects varied to the same degree. The results indicated that the bronchial response to inhaled histamine can be measured as reliably using a nebulizer and tidal breathing as by a more complex dose-metering device. They also suggested that, when the methods are regulated as described, the PC20 will have the same clinical significance.