gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural mass model analysis of online modulation of electroencephalogram with transcranial direct current stimulation (2013)

Neural mass models (NMM) provide insights into the neuromodulatory mechanisms underlying alterations of cortical activity as recorded by electroencephalography (EEG). In the human primary motor cortex (M1), neuromodulation can be induced by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). We aimed to capture the origin of NIBS-induced alterations in the EEG power spectrum using a thalamocortical NMM. We found that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulated primarily the synaptic impulse response function (sIRF) of the dendritic tree of the excitatory pyramidal neurons (ePN) in cortical NMM. We also investigated cortico-muscular coherence during anodal tDCS by adding a resonant (~8Hz) spinal-musculoskeletal system to the thalamocortical NMM that was driven by the cortical NMM, and it fed back to the thalamic NMM. The coupled NMM was fitted to the EEG power spectrum during anodal tDCS, which showed changes not only in sIRF time constant but also in cortico-thalamic and thalamo-cortical connectivity values during anodal tDCS. Based on these results, we postulate that a decrease in the time constant of sIRF represents a drop in the average membrane resistance, possibly due to a greater fraction of ion channels being open at any instant. Faster time constants of sIRF of the dendritic tree, possibly due to AMPA-mediated synapses, would lead to an enhanced responsiveness of the ePN and enhanced cortico-thalamic connectivity. This supports the hypothesis that anodal tDCS enhances responsiveness of ePN to afferent feedback in a non-specific way and also increases the coherence between thalamus, cortex and muscle where the spinal-musculoskeletal system bandpass filtered (around 8Hz) perturbations from the cortical NMM, leading to physiological tremor, which was fed back by sensory afferents to the cortex via the thalamic NMM.
CAZyChip: dynamic assessment of exploration of glycoside hydrolases in microbial ecosystems (2016)

The CAZyChip appears to be a user friendly tool for profiling the expression of a large variety of GHs. It can be used to study temporal variations of functional diversity, thereby facilitating the identification of new efficient candidates for enzymatic conversions from various ecosystems.
Intrasubject variability of maximal expiratory flow volume curve. (1977)

Analysis of airflow in the terminal portion of the maximal expiratory flow volume curve has been suggested as a useful test for the early diagnosis of chronic airways obstruction. Whether such an analysis can identify early disease, and whether any subsequent action can prevent the progress of chronic airways obstruction, is unknown and will require prospective studies. As a precursor of such a study we have tried to establish the intrasubject variability of those tests of forced expiration which may be used for screening. We therefore measured expiratory flow volume curves of five healthy males and five healthy females aged 20-30 years as this is an age-group in which early detection of airways obstruction may be of value. Flow volume curves were obtained on the same day of the week for six weeks, and on three separate days during this period we carried out three flow volume curves every hour from 9 am to 6 pm. The data were subjected to analysis of variance to determine the variability of each measurement. Data were collected from forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum expiratory flow rates at 50% and 75% of expired vital capacity, and forced expiratory time (FET). The results showed no consistent pattern of diurnal variation over the working day. The variation in any subject for FEV1 and FVC over the study period was considerably less than variations detected in the maximal expiratory flow rates at 50% and 75% of the expired vital capacity and FET. Our results suggest that the intrasubject variation found in flow rates of the terminal portion of the maximal expiratory flow volume curve and forced expiratory time may limit the usefulness of these tests in detecting early airways obstruction. FEV1 and FVC are more reproducible tests and are therefore particularly suited for cross-sectional screening. The more sensitive maximal expiratory flow volume curve may, however, be more useful for long-term studies in individuals when the onset of disease is sought, or for short-term challenge studies requiring the most sensitive index of change in airway characteristics.
Analysis and Control of Equivalent Physical Simulator for Nanosatellite Space Radiator (2009)

A realistic prediction of the in-orbit transient performance of a nanosatellite space radiator requires a ground-based equivalent space radiator with a small size, simple configuration, and fast response. For this purpose, we present in this paper the design concept, operating principle, and analysis algorithm of a novel equivalent physical simulator (EPS) consisting of a thermoelectric cooler (TEC), a plate-fin heat sink, and a forced cooling fan. The TEC-based EPS achieves the purpose of simulating the in-orbit transient heat radiation in earth's atmospheric environment by adapting two key parameters: the TEC cooling capacity and the thermal resistance of the heat sink cooling fan. This paper offers results of in-depth numerical parametric studies leading to an EPS design that enables robust simulations under both hot-case and cold-case operations. In addition, we present the design and evaluation of a fuzzy controller for the EPS as an attractive alternative to the traditional PID controller. The fuzzy control presented here will have other potential thermal control applications where TECs and forced cooling heat sinks are employed.
High peak luminance of molecularly dye-doped organic light-emitting diodes under intense voltage pulses (2005)

The performance and efficiency of molecularly doped organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) using voltage pulses have been investigated. The maximum current density and peak luminance have been found to depend on the pulse duration and device size, which was attributed to the heat effect in device. The self-quenching of dye molecules, especially at a high current density of ∼A∕cm2, can be effectively inhibited using a low concentration of acceptor in donor system as a light-emitting layer (EML). For an OLED using a 0.4-mol% rubrene in Alq3 as an EML, a maximum peak luminance of 5.66×106cd∕m2 at 52.8V can be sustained under the voltage pulses of duration of 5μs. The current efficiency has been observed to decrease rapidly with the current density in device, which was believed to result from the annihilation of excitons. We have also investigated the performance of a pulsed OLED with an emitter layer of 4.0-mol% 1,4-bis[2-[4-[N,N-di(p-tolyl)amino]phenyl]vinyl]benzene in 4,4′-bis(9-carbazolyl)biphenyl, which has been known to exhibit low-amplified spontaneous emission under a pulsed nitrogen laser.
Joint Haar-like features for face detection (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new distinctive feature, called joint Haar-like feature, for detecting faces in images. This is based on co-occurrence of multiple Haar-like features. Feature co-occurrence, which captures the structural similarities within the face class, makes it possible to construct an effective classifier. The joint Haar-like feature can be calculated very fast and has robustness against addition of noise and change in illumination. A face detector is learned by stagewise selection of the joint Haar-like features using AdaBoost. A small number of distinctive features achieve both computational efficiency and accuracy. Experimental results with 5, 676 face images and 30,000 nonface images show that our detector yields higher classification performance than Viola and Jones' detector; which uses a single feature for each weak classifier. Given the same number of features, our method reduces the error by 37%. Our detector is 2.6 times as fast as Viola and Jones' detector to achieve the same performance
Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Monoxide to Hydrocarbons at Various Metal Electrodes in Aqueous Solution (1987)

Abstract Electrochemical reduction of CO in an aqueous media was studied with voltammetric and coulometric measurements. The reduction did not proceed at Au and Pt electrodes. CO is appreciably reduced at Cu to hydrocarbons. Ni yielded products to some extent. The reaction was discussed in terms of the adsorption of CO or related intermediate species on the electrode.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Binding to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle—Covalent Versus Adsorptive Approach (2016)

Functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are frequently used to develop vehicles for drug delivery, hyperthermia, and photodynamic therapy and as tools used for magnetic separation and purification of proteins or for biomolecular imaging. Depending on the application, there are various possible covalent and non-covalent approaches for the functionalization of particles, each of them shows different advantages and disadvantages for drug release and activity at the desired location.Particularly important for the production of adsorptive and covalent bound drugs to nanoparticles is the pureness of the involved formulation. Especially the covalent binding strategy demands defined chemistry of the drug, which is stabilized by excess free amino acids which could reduce reaction efficiency. In this study, we therefore used tangential flow filtration (TFF) method to purify the drugs before the reaction and used the frequently applied and clinically available recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA; Actilyse(®)) as a proof of concept. We then coupled the tPA preparation to polyacrylic acid-co-maleic acid (PAM)-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) using an amino-reactive activated ester reaction and compared these particles to PAM-coated SPIONs with electrostatically adsorbed tPA.Using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and pH-dependent electrokinetic mobility measurements, we showed that surface properties of the SPIONs were significantly greater affected after activation of the particles compared to the adsorption controls. Different in vitro assays were used to investigate the activity of tPA after coupling to the particles and purification of the ferrofluid. Covalent linkage significantly improves the reactivity and long-term stability of the conjugated SPION-tPA system compared to simple adsorption. In conclusion, we have shown an effective way to produce SPIONs with covalent and non-covalent ultra-filtrated drugs. We showed that using activated ester reaction, immobilization of the protein was significantly better than in adsorptive approaches. Investigation of those functionalized SPIONs revealed diverging attributes, which should be taken into account when developing nanoparticles for different applications.
Systemic administration of IGF-I enhances healing in collagenous extracellular matrices: evaluation of loaded and unloaded ligaments (2007)

These results support two of our hypotheses that systemic administration of IGF-I or GH+IGF-I improve healing in collagenous tissue. Systemic administration of IGF-I improves healing in collagenous extracellular matrices from loaded and unloaded tissues. Growth hormone alone did not result in any significant improvement contrary to our hypothesis, while GH + IGF-I produced remarkable improvement in hindlimb unloaded animals.
Anti–PD-1 Antibody Treatment Promotes Clearance of Persistent Cryptococcal Lung Infection in Mice (2017)

Activation of immunomodulatory pathways in response to invasive fungi can impair clearance and promote persistent infections. The programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) signaling pathway inhibits immune effector responses against tumors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors that block this pathway are being increasingly used as cancer therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate whether this pathway contributes to persistent fungal infection and to determine whether anti-PD-1 Ab treatment improves fungal clearance. Studies were performed using C57BL/6 mice infected with a moderately virulent strain of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> (52D), which resulted in prolonged elevations in fungal burden and histopathologic evidence of chronic lung inflammation. Persistent infection was associated with increased and sustained expression of PD-1 on lung lymphocytes, including a mixed population of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. In parallel, expression of the PD-1 ligands, PD-1 ligands 1 and 2, was similarly upregulated on specific subsets of resident and recruited lung dendritic cells and macrophages. Treatment of persistently infected mice for 4 wk by repetitive administration of neutralizing anti-PD-1 Ab significantly improved pulmonary fungal clearance. Treatment was well tolerated without evidence of morbidity. Immunophenotyping revealed that anti-PD-1 Ab treatment did not alter immune effector cell numbers or myeloid cell activation. Treatment did reduce gene expression of IL-5 and IL-10 by lung leukocytes and promoted sustained upregulation of OX40 by Th1 and Th17 cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates that PD-1 signaling promotes persistent cryptococcal lung infection and identifies this pathway as a potential target for novel immune-based treatments of chronic fungal disease.
Blind turbo decoding and equalization (2003)

We present two turbo decoding structure which combine channel equalization and decoding, allowing communication in the presence of intersymbol interference (ISI). The first one combines the trellis representing each one of the constituent encoders with the ISI trellis and performs slightly better that the second structure, which treats the ISI as another constituent decoder. We show that for both methods it is possible to perform the equalisation blindly, with no a priori information available to the decoder. Compared with the case where the channel taps are known by the receiver, no loss in performance is observed. Application of the first method to the case of joint source-channel coding for hidden Markov sources is also presented.
Video reflectometry to specify optical properties of tissue in vivo (1993)

The measurement of tissue optical properties is often required for proper design of therapeutic or diagnostic uses of light in medicine. The ability of light to spread into a tissue and the rate of light absorption by the tissue are two related but distinct processes. The two independent optical parameters which affect these processes are absorption and scattering. To understand light propagation, two independent optical measurements must be made. In this paper, we discuss the measurements of total diffuse reflectance and lateral spread of light in response to a point source of irradiance. In this paper, we call this technique "video reflectometry".
Decreased expression of SPRR3 in Chinese human oesophageal cancer (2000)

cDNA fragments that were differentially expressed between human oesophageal carcinomas and matched normal adjacent mucosa were isolated using an improved mRNA differential display technique. One of them was identified as the 3'-untranslated region of SPRR3 and was homologous to the esophagin cDNA. Northern blot, dot blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses revealed that SPRR3 expression was lost in three cell lines of oesophageal carcinoma and was dramatically decreased in 54 out of 57 primary oesophageal carcinomas compared with adjacent normal mucosa. Esophagin has been shown to be down-regulated in western oesophageal carcinomas. The data suggest that esophagin is probably the protein product of the gene SPRR3 and that altered mRNA expression of SPRR3/esophagin is a frequent event in the development of Chinese oesophageal cancer.
The fetal biophysical profile score: a routine screening technique for pregnant women. (1991)

Ultrasound examinations were conducted on 160 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Al Fayrouz Hospital in Cairo, Egypt and who delivered between January 1990-January 1991. Their pregnancy outcomes were compared with those of 159 controls who did not undergo an ultrasound examination and who delivered before December 1989. The clinic began conducting routine ultrasound examinations of all pregnant women in January 1990. The clinic staff used a fetal biophysical profile scale to assess the condition of the fetus. The variables of the score included presence or absence of air pockets in the amniotic fluid, amniotic fluid volume, fetal breathing movement, gross body movements, and fetal tone. The stillbirth rate for the control group stood at 6.29/1000 whereas no stillbirths occurred in the study group. The neonatal mortality rate for the controls was 37.74 compared with 18.75 for the cases. When the number of infants who died of congenital anomalies and severe alloimmunization disorders were included, the gross perinatal mortality rate for the controls was 44.03 while that of the cases was 18.75. The corrected perinatal mortality rate (exclusion of congenital anomalies and severe alloimmunization disorders), was 25.16 for controls and 6.25 for cases. The fetal biophysical profile used at the antenatal clinic at Al Fayrouz Hospital met all the criteria for a sensitive screening technique. Use of the fetal biophysical profile score did reduce perinatal mortality. Nevertheless as technology improves, staff gain additional experience, and physicians learn more about fetal physiology, the score should be modified accordingly.
Developing a Gene Expression Model for Predicting Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Trauma Patients: A Pilot Study (2012)

A logistic regression model using cross-validation accurately predicted patients that developed ventilator-associated pneumonia and should now be tested on a larger cohort of trauma patients.
Design and control of an active gait trainer (2009)

This paper demonstrates the design and control of an active gait trainer for children with walking disabilities. Compared to the traditional rehabilitation procedures in which two or three trainers are required to assist the patient, a motor-driven mechanism was constructed to improve the efficiency of the procedures. The work was carried out in four steps. First, a six-bar mechanism was designed to mimic the preferred trace of ankle joints. Second, system identification techniques were applied to obtain the system transfer functions. Third, robust control algorithms were used to design H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</inf> robust controllers to follow the traces. Finally, the designed controllers were implemented for performance verification. Based on the simulations and experimental results, the proposed mechanism and control are deemed effective.
Some organic peroxides and their reactions (1950)

E. G. E. Hawkins, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1950, 4, 251 DOI: 10.1039/QR9500400251
Effect of a Superposed Alternating Field on Apparent Magnetic Permeability and Hysteresis Loss (1925)

It is often assumed that when an alternating magnetizing force is superposed on a constant magnetizing force, the permeability of the magnetic material is increased and the hysteresis loss decreased owing to the shaking-up action of the alternating field on the magnetic particles. It is shown that these effects are only apparent and that the true permeability and hysteresis remain approximately the same as under constant field conditions. What are actually measured are the midpoints of displaced minor hysteresis loops. From the known laws of variation of these minor loops the apparent magnetization curves and hysteresis loops under a superposed alternating field can be calculated. The method of doing this is illustrated. Under these assumptions a superposed alternating field actually increases the hysteresis loss instead of suppressing it as has often been assumed, the resulting hysteresis including losses due to displaced minor loops besides those due to an increased major loop. These conclusions are supported by magnetization curves obtained with 1 percent Si steel punchings which are shown to agree with the calculated curves. Some consideration is given to the case when the fields are at right angles but at present it is not susceptible to quantitative calculations.
Spontaneous dewetting of a perfluoropolyether (1995)

HIV multiplication in blood-derived macrophages was slightly inhibited by pretreatment of cells with interferon-gamma or by preincubation of virus with serum containing antibodies against HIV. When these pretreatments were combined, the HIV titres observed a short time after infection were enhanced. This effect was blocked by antibodies against Fc receptors but not by antibodies against CD4 receptors. Interferon enhanced the expression of Fc receptors on macrophages. The results indicate that IFN-gamma, in appropriate combinations with HIV-antibody-containing human serum, may enhance the rate of HIV infection of macrophages.
Tomographic reconstruction of multiple‐layer specimens with the scanning tomographic acoustic microscope (1990)

Abstract In this article we report the recent results of tomographic image reconstructions of multiple‐layer specimens at 100 MHz with the Scanning Tomographic Acoustic Microscope (STAM) system. The experiment utilizes 12 uniformly spaced projections and the results show significant improvement over the holographic images.
JAM: high performance Internet computing with massive Java applets (2003)

Traditional high performance computing is based on massively parallel processor (MPP) supercomputers or high-end workstation clusters connected with high-speed networks. These approaches require a tight-coupled federation of computing resources that result in high cost and complex administration involvement. Today, the ubiquitous World Wide Web provides a new opportunity and paradigm for high performance distributed computing with millions of Internet connected computers. We present a novel approach to achieve high performance distributed computing in the Internet with distributed object technology: JAM (Java Applet in Massively parallel computing). Our study provides the common features of this problem domain and case studies for the application of the proposed approach. With the massive availability of Internet computers in this approach, we could have the most powerful high performance distributed computing scheme that has never been achieved for our problem domain.
Nutritional Disorders in Glasshouse Lettuce (1972)

The 'Instituut voor Bodemvruchtbaarheid' (Institute for Soil Fertility) is a governmental institution.Research work includes various aspects of soil physics, soil chemistry and soil organic matter, and of plant nutrition and fertilizer application
Characterization of plasma-enhanced CVD processes (1990)

These proceedings are a refereed collection of the invited and contributed papers presented at the symposium of Characterization of Plasma Enhanced CVD Processes held in Boston, Massachusetts on November 27-28, 1989. The symposium was organized into four sessions: I Diagnostics and Modelling; II PECVD of Silicon Oxides and Nitrides; III Semiconductors; and IV Novel Materials/Applications. There were 12 invited papers, and 24 contributed papers. Thirty-one (31) of these are published in these proceedings.