gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Porous Metals as Improved Efficiency Regenerators (2016)

In these past few years the subject of porous metals has gained considerable
attention. The area of flow and heat transfer behaviour in porous metals used
as regenerators is the focus of this work.
A total of 37 porous metal samples have been produced to evaluate their
characteristics as regenerators, these include 12 replicated porous metal
samples made from commercially pure aluminium using three different NaCl
preform particle sizes and two packing methods. The replication method using
argon only was improved to become more efficient, tests were done to
determine adequate time and temperature for uniform porous metal sample
production. In total 4 different protocols (W, X, Y and Z) were developed to
produce different levels of porosity (from 61 to 78%) by changing certain
variables in the production process.
Other porous metal samples were manufactured with the objective of having a
wide range of structures and material comparisons; 7 SS304L wire mesh
samples, 3 wire felt samples (Al, Cu and SS304L), to evaluate the effect of pore
size, 5 packed sphere samples (Al, AISI 52000 chrome steel, Cu, soda glass
and SS420) and 10 additive layer manufactured samples (SS316L and Ti6Al4V)
to evaluate the effect of material and porosity levels.
All the samples were tested on pressure drop and heat transfer capabilities,
they were compared with the literature using Reynolds and Stanton numbers,
the thermal conductivity was also measured, a characteristic that had to be
estimated in previous work due to a lack of an experimental test rig, which was
developed during this research.
It was found that the best performing ones were the stainless steel wire
meshes, the wire felts and the replicated porous metals. Several correlations
involving pore size, porosity and material effects were proposed as an aid for
designing regenerators obtained from the experimental results. The replicated
porous metals have the potential of being used as regenerators if they can be
made from high efficiency materials and of a smaller pore size than the ones
discussed here, their advantage is that they may be modified to a large range of
specifications, being able to replicate the behaviour of other structures.
Regioselective Carbonylative Heteroannulation of <i>o</i>-Iodothiophenols with Allenes and Carbon Monoxide Catalyzed by a Palladium Complex:  A Novel and Efficient Access to Thiochroman-4-one Derivatives (1999)

The palladium-catalyzed carbonylative ring-forming reactions of 2-iodothiophenol, and the corresponding substituted derivatives, with allenes and carbon monoxide are described. The reactions afford thiochroman-4-ones in good to excellent isolated yields with quite high regioselectivity. The catalytic heteroannulation may involve regioselective addition of the sulfur moiety of the reactants on the more positive end of the allene, arylpalladium formation, CO insertion, subsequent intramolecular cyclization, and then reductive elimination. The regioselectivity is probably governed by electronic effects.
Comparison of Stochastic and Deterministic Methods for Modeling Spur Kinetics (1990)

Stochastic and deterministic kinetic methods have been used to model the temporal evolution of spatially nonhomogeneous clusters of reactants resulting from the dissociation of one to six water molecules into either H3O+, OH, and e-aq, or H atoms and OH radicals. When the ionic fragmentation initially producing H3O+, OH, and e-aq is considered, the stochastic and deterministic methods predict similar time dependences for the decay of the reactive species; however, the two methods suggest very different product yields. For a two-dissociation spur, the deterministic treatment overestimates both the H2 and the H2O2 yields by about 70%. The error decreases to less than 15% for a spur with six water dissociations. For a distribution of spurs representing a high-energy electron track, the differences in the predicted yields of reactants are less than 6% at 0.1 microseconds, but the stochastic and deterministic predictions for the yields of H2 and H2O2 differ by about 50%. The kinetics of spurs produced by the fragmentation of water to H atom and OH radical shows discrepancies in both the reactant and the product yields. The size of the discrepancy decreases as the number of H/OH pairs increases, and the predictions of the two techniques are almost the same for clusters of six water dissociations.
Overexpression of mtDNA-associated AtWhy2 compromises mitochondrial function (2008)

AtWhy2 is associated with mtDNA and its overexpression results in the production of dysfunctional mitochondria. This report constitutes the first evidence of a function for the Whirlies in organelles. We propose that they could play a role in the regulation of the gene expression machinery of organelles.
Simplified Thermal Analysis for Embedded Piping (1992)

Abstract The growing use of tubular structures in nuclear reactor facilities such as pipes, conduits and ducts that are buried underground, requires more detailed stress analysis to demonstrate structural integrity as required by Section III of the Boiler Pressure Vessel Code and other applicable industry codes. Thermal behavior of the pipe and soil interference can be conservatively evaluated by implementing the thermal characteristics and properties of the pipe into the expressions, as deduced by previous studies, which are made for the seismic analysis of buried piping. This paper presents procedures to evaluate the different pipe/soil parameters to be applied in those expressions, and explains these equations from designers perspectives and, finally, suggests an approach to combine various pipe stresses to check against ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section III. The analysis assumes that the soil is linearly elastic and homogenous and the structure is a straight slender solid or hollow beam with a uniform, symmetrical cross section that satisfies the conditions of the elementary theory of beams on elastic foundations.
IAM chromatography: an in vitro screen for predicting drug membrane permeability (1995)

Fluid cell membranes are the main barrier to drug absorption when diffusion limits uptake. Immobilized artificial membranes (IAMs) are solid phase models of fluid membranes that predicted oral drug absorption in mice for a homologous set of cephalosporins. IAMs also predicted drug permeability through Caco-2 cells. Since drug permeability in Caco-2 cells is known to correlate with the oral absorption of drugs in humans, IAMs may also model drug absorption in humans. IAM analysis is experimentally simple, and large-volume screening of experimental compounds for drug absorption is possible.
A Survey of Latex Coagulants Used by Malayan Small-Holders (1937)

Abstract A survey was made of the coagulants employed by Malayan small holders. Though in the main these small holders are employing formic and acetic acids, sulfuric acid is employed to a much greater extent than has been supposed. Propaganda against the use of this coagulant was commenced recently through the Small-Holders' Advisory Service, and reports from the districts are encouraging.
Permeability of some fat products to moisture (1960)

Summary Films of cocoa butter, highly hydrogenated cottonseed oil, mixtures of highly hydrogenated cottonseed oil and cottonseed oil, chocolate liquor, and sweet milk chocolate were prepared; and their permeability to water vapor was determined by the cup method. The permeability constant was calculated in terms of grams of water diffusing through a centimeter cube in one second under a vapor pressure gradient of one millimeter of mercury across the cube. Under the test conditions employed, the permeability constant for cocoa butter at room temperature was found to vary from 5.8×10 −12 to 81.6×10 −12 . The permeability constants for the highly hydrogenated cottonseed oil and the cocoa butter, under comparable conditions at room temperature, was found to be approximately 1.3×10 −12 and 33×10 −12 , respectively. From data obtained with cocoa butter it was concluded that the permeability constant increased with moderate increases in film thickness. Polymorphism was found to have a large effect on permeability, an approximately 15‐fold difference was found between quickly chilled and tempered films of cocoa butter at 3°C. (37.4°F.). The percentage of liquid component in the fat was found to have a large effect on permeability. The increasing of the percentage of liquid cottonseed oil in highly hydrogenated cottonseed oil from 0 to 40% increased the permeability constant from 1.3×10 −12 to about 420×10 −12 . The permeability of chocolate liquor and sweet milk chocolate at room temperature was increased greatly when the relative humidity on the wet side of the films was increased to 100%. The nonfat components absorbed enough moisture to impair the structure of the film.
Modeling self-service machine-learning agents for distributed stream processing (2017)

Many emerging application areas such as the Internet of Things rely on the usage of Machine Learning (ML) techniques that operate on continuous streaming data in order to automatically generate added business value. However, the integration of ML components into stream processing programs is still a challenging task that requires both technical expertise (e.g., selection of algorithms and parameters) and domain knowledge. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel development methodology and tool support involving multiple roles and tasks that aims to enable domain experts to leverage from ML algorithms within self-service stream processing pipelines. At its core, we introduce the concept of a reusable Machine Learning Pipeline Agent (MLPA). Such an MLPA can be defined by using a developed Domain-Specific Language (DSL) consisting of reusable building blocks. Afterwards, MLPAs can be used by domain experts using a graphical user interface. Our approach is based on distributed, scalable ML algorithms that are automatically deployed and contributes newly developed algorithms such as a scalable version for neural networks operating on data streams. In our evaluation, we show that the developed concepts and algorithms do scale in a distributed setting with an increasing number of nodes. Therefore, our solution bridges the gap between domain experts and technical experts and eases the access for non-technical users to advanced streaming ML analytics.
High-precision self-tool CD matching with focus-target assist pattern by computational ways (2014)

As design rules of advance devices shrink down, not only process-window budget of lithography process is getting tighter, but also CD control to target is more important especially for multiple tool process environment in HVM (High Volume Manufacturing). The tool induced CD bias or CD difference between tools are derived by minute amount of residual imaging parameters even though with strict control in system. The tool to tool CD mismatch is able to be reduced to nanometer or sub-nanometer scale for critical features of concern by using released tools such as LithoTuner PMFC<sup>TM</sup> (Pattern Matcher Full Chip). During the matching process, tunable imaging parameters such as pupil shape and stage tilt can be used as matching knobs. In this paper, CD mismatch due to film stack change on same exposure tool was studied to check feasibility of PMFC application. Also, CD variation and its impact on CD mismatch by focus error as amount of intrinsic system was investigated as well. By considering the focus impact on CD proximity bias via simple mathematical ways, the CD matching process could be more accurately performed and verified.
An open prospective study on postmarketing evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of diacerein in osteo-arthritis of the knee (DOK). (2008)

According to World Health Organisation osteo-arthritis is the second commonest musculoskeletal problem in the world. Diacerein has been recently introduced in India for the treatment of osteo-arthritis. In view of the ulcerogenic potential of NSAIDs and the cardiotoxicity problems associated with COX-2 inhibitors, diacerein has the potential of being a non-ulcerogenic and non-cardiotoxic alternative respectively to NSAIDs and of COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of osteo-arthritis. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of diacerein in the treatment of osteo-arthritis. A total 7923 patients with osteo-arthritis of the knee fulfilling the selection criteria were enrolled in this open-label, multicentric postmarketing surveillance study. After a wash-out period of one week, patients were treated with 50mg diacerein tablets administered twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy variable of the present study was to assess the improvement in the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain. The secondary variable was improvement in patients' and physicians' global assessment of efficacy of therapy. Results indicated that over the 12-week study period, diacerein 50mg tablets provided significant and sustained reduction the VAS pain scores. At baseline, VAS scores were 6.70 +/- 1.78. By the end of the 4th week, there was a significant reduction in the mean VAS scores by 21.8% and by the end of the study the mean VAS scores were further significantly reduced by 59.9%. As per the patients global assessment of treatment, 82.3% of the patients reported good to very good improvement at the end of 12 weeks therapy with diacerein. Similar responses were also recorded by the treating patients. Thus by the end of 12 weeks therapy, according to the physicians 85.5% of the total cases treated with diacerein were rated as having good to very good improvement. Therapy with diacerein was well tolerated and only 5.44% of the patients had an adverse event after treatment with diacerein. The most common adverse events were diarrhoea (2.3%), gastritis (0.99%), nausea (0.61%), abdominal pain or discomfort (0.44%) and vomiting (0.3%). The severity of the adverse events was mild in all the cases and disappeared with continued treatment. None of the patients dropped out of the study on account of adverse events or lack of efficacy. Thus, in conclusion, the results of the present study in a large population of Indian patients indicates that diacerein constitutes a novel approach to the treatment for the short- and long-term symptomatic management in Indian patients with osteo-arthritis of the knee.
A REARING METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LARGE NUMBERS OF THE INSIDIOUS FLOWER BUG, <i>ORIUS INSIDIOSUS</i> (SAY) (HEMIPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) (1995)

The western flower thrips [ Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergrande)] (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a major pest of greenhouse crops (Broadbent et al. 1987; van der Veire and Degheele 1992; Chambers et al. 1993). Chemical control of F. occidentalis is difficult because of its cryptic behaviour and widespread resistance to insecticides (Immaraju et al. 1992). The insidious flower bug, Orius insidiosus (Say), is widely promoted as an effective biological control agent for this pest (Chambers et al. 1993; van der Veire and Degheele 1992; Castane and Zalom 1994) and its use has increased steadily since their introduction in the late 1980s. When our project was initiated in 1989, O. insidiosus was a little known and largely unavailable biological control agent. Now there are several domestic and international commercial sources of Orius spp. and these predatory bugs have become a focus of research in Canada, the United States, and Europe. At first it was difficult and costly to maintain cultures of only 100 or 200 individuals but now we can rear 50000 — 100000 Orius per week for less than $0.03 (Canadian) each.
Aflatoxin Toxicity Reduction in Feed by Enhanced Binding to Surface-Modified Clay Additives (2011)

Animal feeding studies have demonstrated that clay additives, such as bentonites, can bind aflatoxins in ingested feed and reduce or eliminate the toxicity. Bentonite deposits are found throughout the world and mostly consist of expandable smectite minerals, such as montmorillonite. The surfaces of smectite minerals can be treated with organic compounds to create surface-modified clays that more readily bind some contaminants than the untreated clay. Montmorillonites treated with organic cations, such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) and phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA), more effectively remove organic contaminants, such as benzene and toluene, from water than untreated clay. Similarly, montmorillonite treated with PTMA (K(d) = 24,100) retained more aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) from aqueous corn flour than untreated montmorillonite (K(d) = 944). Feed additives that reduced aflatoxin toxicity in animal feeding studies adsorbed more AfB1 from aqueous corn flour than feed additives that were less effective. The organic cations HDTMA and PTMA are considered toxic and would not be suitable for clay additives used in feed or food, but other non-toxic or nutrient compounds can be used to prepare surface-modified clays. Montmorillonite (SWy) treated with choline (K(d) = 13,800) and carnitine (K(d) = 3960) adsorbed much more AfB1 from aqueous corn flour than the untreated clay (K(d) = 944). A choline-treated clay prepared from a reduced-charge, high-charge montmorillonite (K(d) = 20,100) adsorbed more AfB1 than the choline-treated high-charge montmorillonite (K(d) = 1340) or the untreated montmorillonite (K(d) = 293). Surface-modified clay additives prepared using low-charge smectites and nutrient or non-toxic organic compounds might be used to more effectively bind aflatoxins in contaminated feed or food and prevent toxicity.
Influence of grain boundary scattering on the electrical and thermal conductivities of polycrystalline gold nanofilms (2006)

The electrical and thermal conductivities of polycrystalline gold nanofilms have been measured simultaneously by a direct current heating method, and the measured results are compared with the Mayadas and Shatzkes theory. It is found that the reduced electrical and thermal conductivities of gold nanofilms are strongly dominated by grain boundary scattering. The reflection coefficient of electrons striking the grain boundaries for charge transport is 0.7, which agrees well with a previous scanning tunneling potentiometry study. The reflection coefficient for thermal transport, however, is only 0.25. The Lorenz numbers for the polycrystalline gold nanofilms, which are calculated from the measured electrical and thermal conductivities, are much greater than the value predicted by the Wiedemann-Franz law for the bulk material. The results indicate that the electron scatterings on the grain boundaries impose different influences on the charge and heat transport in the polycrystalline gold nanofilms. A model of effective density of conduction electrons has been utilized to interpret the violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law in polycrystalline gold nanofilms.
Transceiver design using generalized triangular decomposition for MIMO communications with QoS constraints (2005)

Assuming that the channel state information is available at both transmitter (CSIT) and receiver (CSIR), we propose a novel multiinput multioutput (MIMO) transceiver design that combines the generalized triangular decomposition (GTD) with either the zero-forcing VBLAST (ZF-VBLAST) detector or the zero-forcing dirty paper precoder (ZF-DP). Our approach decomposes a MIMO channel into multiple subchannels with prescribed signal-to-interference-and-noise ratios (SINR), useful in MIMO communications with QoS constraints. We show that the GTD scheme is asymptotically (for high SNR) optimal in terms of overall channel throughput for large range of QoS constraints. The numerical experiment verifies that the GTD scheme is much more power efficient than its linear counterpart.
Accelerated wound healing process in rat by probiotic <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> derived ointment (2019)

Background Antioxidant agents have positive effects on wound healing process and on the other hand probiotics also have great antioxidation or oxidation-resistance properties. Methods In this study, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri derived ointment as a probiotic bacterium on the wound healing process using a full-thickness rat skin model. The wound diameter and contraction percent measurement, histopathological examination, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity evaluation were carried out during the period of study. Results Amount of deposit collagen was significantly increased; epithelization speed and epidermis production were also observed in the ointment-treated group, while the inflammation rate was also significantly lower than the control group. In addition, a significant reduction in the activity of enzyme MPO was also detected in the ointment-treated group. Conclusions According to the results, probiotic ointment effectively accelerates the wound healing process and it can be used as a promising drug for wound dressing application.
The Reaction of Some 1-Trihaloacetyl-8-methylazulenes with Base<sup>1,2</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Some 1-Trihaloacetyl-8-methylazulenes with Base1,2Arthur G. Anderson Jr., Robert Griffin Anderson, and Gary T. HollanderCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 1, 131–138Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01012a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01012a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Er:YAG, CO, and CO_2 laser delivery by ZnS-coated Ag hollow waveguides (1993)

ZnS-coated Ag hollow waveguides for Er:YAG, CO, and CO(2) laser light are fabricated based on a sputtering and an electroplating technique. Three types of these waveguides with a 1-mm diameter and a 1-m length are fabricated. Two of them are designed to achieve the minimum loss at the wavelengths of Er:YAG and CO laser light, and the other is for all the lasers. Straight losses of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.25 dB/m are obtained for Er:YAG, CO, and CO(2) laser light, respectively. Because the waveguides are flexible and low loss, they are useful in delivery of mid-infrared lasers in industrial and medical applications.
Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with self-assembled InGaN quantum dots (2007)

A photoluminescence study showed that the self-assembled InGaN quantum dots (QDs) provide strongly localized recombination sites for carriers and that the piezoelectric field-induced quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) is small because the height of QDs is too small to separate the wave functions of electrons and holes. The InGaN QD light-emitting diode (LED) showed an emission peak at 400nm, and the peak was redshifted with increasing injection current, indicating a small QCSE. The light output power of an InGaN QD LED increased linearly with increasing injection current due to the strongly localized recombination sites of the InGaN QDs.