gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benzoquinone imines. Part VI. Mechanism and kinetics of the reaction of p-benzoquinone di-imines with m-phenylenediamines (1969)

Oxidation of mixtures of a p-phenylenediamine and a m-phenylenediamine is shown to give aminoindamine dyes by a reaction between the p-benzoquinonedi-imine and the m-diamine. At pH > 7 the latter reaction involves electrophilic attack by the conjugate acid of the di-imine on the electron-rich carbon [C(4)] of the m-diamine as the rate-controlling step. The resulting 2,4,4′-triaminodiphenylamine then undergoes rapid oxidation by a second molecule of the di-imine to give the dye. At pH < 7 attack on the m-diamine by the diprotonated di-imine makes a significant contribution to the reaction. C-Methylation of the di-imine reduces the rate of coupling, while C-methylation of the m-diamine increases the rate. In the indamine dyes, methylation of the benzenoid ring derived from the p-diamine results in a bathochromic shift of the visible absorption band, while methylation of the quinonoid ring derived from the m-diamine produces a small hypsochromic shift.
Accepted from open call - Supporting real-time ip multimedia services in UMTS (2003)

UMTS, the successor of GSM, is evolving toward a future wireless all-IP network. We explain how it will support real-time IP multimedia services, as these services are expected to drive the adoption of wireless all-IP networks. We not only focus on the centerpiece of IP multimedia support, the IP multimedia subsystem, but also include the GPRS transport capabilities and OSA middleware capabilities. This helps to explain how the IMS fits in with, and builds upon, other pieces of the UMTS network. We analyze the pros and cons of providing IP multimedia session control capabilities as opposed to just providing basic IP connectivity, and highlight selected features of the IMS design for discussion.
A control method for a single-to-three-phase power converter with an active buffer and a charge circuit (2010)

This paper proposes a new circuit configuration and a control method for a single-phase to three-phase power converter with power decoupling function. The proposed converter does not require a large reactor and large smoothing capacitors in the DC link part. Large smoothing capacitors are conventionally required in such converters to absorb the power ripple with a frequency that is twice of the power supply. The proposed topology is constructed based on an indirect matrix converter with an active buffer to decouple the power ripple. The buffering energy is kept by the voltage variation of the capacitor instead of its capacitance. In addition, the transfer ratio between the input and output voltage is obtained to 0.707 due to the connected charge circuit. In this paper, the fundamental operations of the proposed converter are confirmed by simulation and experiment results. As the experimental results, the input current THD and the output current THD are 3.17% and 3.64 %, respectively. The input power factor (P.F.) of over 99 % is obtained. In addition, the maximum efficiency of over 90.2% (input voltage = 100V) or 94.6 % (input voltage = 200V) is obtained by prototype.
A Bidirectional Wireless Link for Neural Prostheses that Minimizes Implanted Power Consumption (2007)

We describe a bidirectional impedance-modulation wireless data link for implanted neural prostheses. The link uses near-field inductive coupling between the implanted system and an external transceiver. It is designed to minimize power consumption in the implanted system and support high data rates in the uplink direction (from the implanted to the external system). Experimental results demonstrate data transfer rates up to 5.8Mbps in the uplink direction and 300kbps in the downlink direction at a link distance of 2 cm. The link dissipates 100μW in the implanted system and 2.5mW in the external system, making it among the most power-efficient inductive data links reported.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Monoliths with Embedded Nanoparticles (2001)

Mesostructured silica-nanoparticle monolithic composites have been synthesized by dispersing prefabricated nanoparticles of gold or zeolite (silicalite) in ethanolic reaction mixtures containing SiCl4 and a Pluronic triblock copolymer template. Whereas silicalite nanoparticles were used directly, surface functionalization of the gold nanoparticles with either primed silicate ions or a discrete 3-5-nm-thick silica shell was required to increase the interfacial compatibility with the hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) blocks. Under these conditions, the resulting monoliths consisted of distributed nanoparticles within an ordered mesostructured silica matrix. Removal of the polymer template by calcination produced corresponding mesoporous silica-nanoparticle replicas. The combination of the structure and the porosity of the silica framework with the crystal chemical properties of the embedded nanoparticles suggests that such composites should be useful as multifunctional materials.
Electro–magneto-encephalography for a three-shell model: distributed current in arbitrary, spherical and ellipsoidal geometries (2008)

The problem of determining a continuously distributed neuronal current inside the brain under the assumption of a three-shell model is analysed. It is shown that for an arbitrary geometry, electroencephalography (EEG) provides information about one of the three functions specifying the three components of the current, whereas magnetoencephalography (MEG) provides information about a combination of this function and of one of the remaining two functions. Hence, the simultaneous use of EEG and MEG yields information about two of the three functions needed for the reconstruction of the current. In particular, for spherical and ellipsoidal geometries, it is possible to determine the angular parts of these two functions as well as to obtain an explicit constraint satisfied by their radial parts. The complete determination of the radial parts, as well as the determination of the third function, requires some additional a priori assumption about the current. One such assumption involving harmonicity is briefly discussed.
Diet-related macular anomalies in monkeys. (1980)

Fundus color photographs and retinal fluorescein angiograms were obtained from 48 nonhuman primates of three macaque species. Yellow pigmentation of the macula was present in monkeys fed a standard laboratory diet containing xanthophylls but was absent in animals maintained on semipurified or liquid formula diets with no xanthophyll content. Plasma levels of xanthophylls ranged from 0.5 to 2.4 microliters/ml in monkeys receiving the standard diet but were undetectable in animals raised on semipurified or liquid formula diets. Fluorescein angiograms revealed foveal areas of hyperfluorescence in almost all monkeys; however, the degree of hyperfluorescence was significantly greater in monkeys maintained on the semipurified or liquid formula diets.
Single laser three color immunofluorescence staining procedures based on energy transfer between phycoerythrin and cyanine 5 (1991)

Monoclonal antibodies specific for phycoerythrin (PE) were covalently labeled with the fluorescent dye cyanine 5 (Cy5). Excitation at 488 nm of immune complexes obtained by mixing Cy5-anti-PE with PE resulted in a 4-fold reduction of PE fluorescence measured at 565 nm and an increase of fluorescence measured at 655 nm. The observed energy transfer between PE and Cy5-anti-PE was used to develop three color immunofluorescence staining procedures for flow cytometers equipped with an Argon laser tuned at 488 nm. Mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies specific for cell surface antigens were cross-linked with either unlabeled or Cy5 labeled mouse IgG1 anti-PE using F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal rat anti-mouse IgG1. PE was added to these immune complexes in sufficient amounts to saturate all PE binding sites. Cells were incubated with PE-labeled and PE/Cy5-labeled tetrameric antibody complexes together with FITC labeled antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. The emission from FITC, PE and PE/Cy5 could be readily separated and bright three color immunofluorescence staining of mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood and bone marrow was observed. The results of these experiments demonstrate that useful probes for single laser three color staining of cell surface antigens can be readily obtained by mixing of selected reagents. Compared to standard procedures for the covalent labeling of PE (tandem) molecules to antibodies, the non-covalent procedures described in this report provide significant advantages in terms of the amount of reagents, time and equipment required to obtain suitable reagents for three color immunofluorescence staining.
High Resolution Structure of an Alternate Form of the Ferric Ion Binding Protein from Haemophilus influenzae (2003)

The periplasmic iron binding protein of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria performs an essential role in iron acquisition from transferrin and other iron sources. Structural analysis of this protein from Haemophilus influenzae identified four amino acids that ligand the bound iron: His(9), Glu(57), Tyr(195), and Tyr(196). A phosphate provides an additional ligand, and the presence of a water molecule is required to complete the octahedral geometry for stable iron binding. We report the 1.14-A resolution crystal structure of the iron-loaded form of the H. influenzae periplasmic ferric ion binding protein (FbpA) mutant H9Q. This protein was produced in the periplasm of Escherichia coli and, after purification and conversion to the apo form, was iron-loaded. H9Q is able to bind ferric iron in an open conformation. A surprising finding in the present high resolution structure is the presence of EDTA located at the previously determined anion ternary binding site, where phosphate is located in the wild type holo and apo structures. EDTA contributes four of the six coordinating ligands for iron, with two Tyr residues, 195 and 196, completing the coordination. This is the first example of a metal binding protein with a bound metal.EDTA complex. The results suggest that FbpA may have the ability to bind and transport iron bound to biological chelators, in addition to bare ferric iron.
The Association of Technology in a Workplace Wellness Program With Health Risk Factor Reduction (2013)

Engaging technology and interactive Web-based tools can empower individuals to be more proactive about their health and reduce their health risks.
Produção de chicória da Amazônia cultivada sob densidades de cultivo e poda do pendão floral (2014)

Chicory is a vegetable Amazon unconventional flavor that has attracted the attention of researchers for its great versatility, which makes it a promising vegetable. However, jobs are scarce in the literature on cultivation techniques for the species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pruning tassel floral and different spacing, the yield on Amazon chicory. Three different spacings: E1 = 0.15 x 0.15 m, with 44 plants m(2), E2 = 0.20 x 0.20 m, with 25 plants m(2), and E3 = 0.25 x 0.25 m, with 16 plants m(2), with and without pruning floral tassel. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a split plot design 3 x 2, with six replications. The characteristics evaluated were: number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots, number of tassel floral tassel floral fresh weight, yield (kg m(-2)), and leaf area index (LAI). The largest production of chicory Amazon was obtained in plants grown at a spacing of 0.25 x 0.25 m subjected to pruning floral tassel. The highest yield for Amazon chicory was obtained in plants grown at a spacing of 0.15 x 0.15 m submitted pruning floral tassel.
Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion patterns in murine candidiasis: association of Th1 responses with acquired resistance (1991)

Two chemically mutagenized agerminative variants of Candida albicans were used to immunize mice against challenge with highly virulent cells of the parent strain. Although both mutants (Vir- 3 and Vir- 13) resulted in nonlethal infection and could be recovered from mouse organs for many days after the intravenous inoculation of 10(7) to 10(6) cells, significant protection to systemic challenge with virulent C. albicans was induced by only one (Vir- 3) of the two variants. Anticandidal resistance in Vir- 3-infected mice was associated with the occurrence in vivo of strong delayed-type hypersensitivity to Candida antigen, detection in vitro of highly fungicidal effector macrophages, and presence in the serum of a large proportion of Candida-reactive antibodies of the immunoglobulin G2a isotype. Bulk cultures of purified CD4+ lymphocytes from mice infected with either mutant were compared for their ability to produce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-6 in vitro. After stimulation with specific antigen, CD4+ cells from Vir- 3-immunized mice released large amounts of the Th1-specific cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-2, at a time when CD4+ cells from Vir- 13-infected mice predominantly secreted the characteristic Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-6. These results were confirmed by quantitative analysis of cytokine-producing Th1 and Th2 cells. In addition, only mice infected with Vir- 3 displayed a high frequency of CD8+ cells with the potential for in vitro lysis of yeast-primed bone marrow macrophages. Purified CD4+ cells from Vir- 3-infected mice, but not a mixture of these cells with CD4+ lymphocytes from mice infected with Vir- 13, could adoptively transfer delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity onto naive mice. Taken together, these data suggest that both Th1 and Th2 CD4+ lymphocytes may be activated during experimental C. albicans infection in mice.
The virtual system model: a scalable approach to organizing large systems (1992)

Naming is critical in distributed systems. Names identify files, services, processors, and users. A name service translates the names of objects to the information needed to access those objects. The growth of distributed systems brings with it an increase in the number of objects to be named. Existing naming techniques are derived from techniques used on centralized systems and are not sufficient for organizing the large number of objects that are becoming available. This dissertation presents the Virtual System Model, a new model for naming that helps users organize the information available in large systems. The Virtual System Model has four principal features: support for customizable name spaces, tools to help users construct name spaces, support for synonyms, and a m...
Thwarting Cache Side-Channel Attacks Through Dynamic Software Diversity (2015)

We explore software diversity as a defense against side-channel attacks by dynamically and systematically random- izing the control flow of programs. Existing software diversity techniques transform each program trace identically. Our di- versity based technique instead transforms programs to make each program trace unique. This approach offers probabilistic protection against both online and off-line side-channel attacks. In particular, we create a large number of unique program execution paths by automatically generating diversified replicas for parts of an input program. Replicas derived from the same original program fragment have different implementations, but perform semantically equivalent computations. At runtime we then randomly and frequently switch between these replicas. We evaluate how well our approach thwarts cache-based side- channel attacks, in which an attacker strives to recover cryp- tographic keys by analyzing side-effects of program execution. Our method requires no manual effort or hardware changes, has a reasonable performance impact, and reduces side-channel information leakage significantly.
A GaN pulse width modulation integrated circuit (2014)

We report the first GaN-based pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit for integrated GaN gate driver. This circuit is composed of a sawtooth generator and a comparator, both of which exhibit stable operation at temperatures up to 250 °C and operate properly at 1 MHz. The PWM circuit is able to generate PWM signals whose duty cycle is effectively modulated over a wide range by a reference voltage. This successful demonstration suggests the possibility of an all-GaN solution for power converters by monolithically integrating GaN power switches with the peripheral gate drive circuits, leading to a compact solution with reduced parasitics and improved reliability.
Oral antilymphocyte activity and induction of apoptosis by 2-chloro-2'-arabino-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine. (1992)

2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA) is active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy-cell leukemia, and low-grade lymphomas. In part, this spectrum of activity may be attributable to the selective toxicity of CdA to nondividing lymphocytes and monocytes. However, CdA is unstable at acidic pH and is degraded by bacterial nucleoside phosphorylases. The present experiments demonstrate that the 2'-arabino-fluoro derivative of CdA, designated CAFdA, is also directly toxic to quiescent lymphocytes and macrophages. Unlike CdA, CAFdA was stable at pH 2 and resisted degradation by Escherichia coli nucleoside phosphorylase. Cell killing was preceded by the formation of DNA strand breaks and could be prevented by supplementation of the medium with deoxycytidine. The initial DNA damage initiated the pattern of oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation characteristic of apoptosis. Mutant lymphoblasts, deficient in deoxycytidine kinase, with elevated cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase, or with expanded deoxynucleotide pools secondary to increased ribonucleotide reductase activity, were cross-resistant to both CAFdA and CdA toxicity. One-week oral treatment with CAFdA (1 mg/ml in drinking water) achieved an average plasma concentration of 0.56 microM and eliminated 90% of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells transplanted into severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice. Under the same conditions, CdA was much less active. Collectively, these results suggest that CAFdA could be effective as an oral agent in indolent lymphoproliferative diseases and in autoimmune diseases where lymphocyte and monocyte depletion is desirable.
VERY EARLY ONSET MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (1995)

The authors report two cases of multiple sclerosis occurring in very young children. Age at onset in one child was 13 months; he had the primary progressive form of the condition and died at nine years. Age at onset of the other child was two years; he has the classical relapsing-remitting form and is well at 15 years. These children illustrate the broad clinical spectrum of the condition even in very-early-onset disease.
Combinatorial Algorithm for a Lower Bound on Frame Rigidity (1995)

A classic problem is that of computing the rigidity of a network of rigid bars or, more formally, computing the degrees of freedom of a frame, a graph with a generic straight-line embedding in Euclidean space. More recently, in trying to explain the effect of the internal structure of glassy materials on their rigidity, researchers have investigated the relationship between the structure of network models and the number of degrees of freedom. It would thus be valuable to have an efficient, purely combinatorial algorithm to compute the degrees of freedom of an arbitrary frame. For frames in two dimensions, there are several such algorithms, all based on a theorem of Laman. However, despite considerable effort, no one has yet found such an algorithm for frames in three or more dimensions. Here, a new combinatorial approach, similar to ear decomposition, is introduced and shown to give a practical algorithm for computing a nontrivial lower bound on the number of degrees of freedom in three dimensions. Results of computational studies on an important class of network models of glasses are given, suggesting that the resulting bound is close to the exact answer in the cases of interest. The algorithm has been implemented in $O( n )$ space and $O( n^2 )$ time for bounded-degree networks with n vertices and has already provided new results of interest on these networks.
The Optimum Path Selection Mechanism for Inter-PAN Communication Using ZigBee (2008)

In recent years, ZigBee Alliance provided effective solution for ubiquitous sensor network environments. However, critical problems like interoperability between various ZigBee networks have not been well addressed. Although recent works have proposed gateway assisted inter-PAN communication but only between fixed PANs. Moreover, there still exists a problem that in inter-PAN communication the selected paths are not optimal. In this paper, we have proposed an energy efficient optimum path selection mechanism, which uses competitive multiple-gateways for inter-PAN communication. Simulation results are also provided to validate the idea.
Elastic scattering spectroscopy for detection of prostate cancer: preliminary feasibility study (2003)

We have conducted a preliminary study of the potential for diagnostic spectroscopy based on elastic light scattering to serve as a method for optically-guided biopsy to reduce sampling errors and thereby improve sensitivity, in detecting prostate cancer. This method also has the potential to provide real-time diagnostic assistance in surgical and treatment procedures.
Immuno‐Raman microspectroscopy: <i>In situ</i> detection of antigens in tissue specimens by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (2006)

Abstract We demonstrate the first realization of immuno‐Raman microspectroscopy, a novel methodology in immunohistochemistry. The in situ detection of antigens in tissue specimens is achieved by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from aromatic Raman labels covalently linked to the corresponding antibody. As an example of applications of this new Raman technique, we present the localization of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in epithelial tissue from patients with prostate carcinoma (PCA). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction in faecal excretion of<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>strain F98 in chickens vaccinated with live and killed<i>S. typhimurium</i>organisms (1990)

SUMMARY Chickens given orally at 4 days of age a smooth spectinomycin resistant mutant (Spc r ) of Salmonella typhimurium strain F98 excreted the organism in their faeces for approximately 4 weeks. Following oral administration of a nalidixic acid resistant (Nal r ) mutant of the same strain 4 weeks later when later when the chickens had virtually cleared themselves of the first infection, these chickens excreted far fewer salmonella organisms and for a shorter time than did a previously uninfected control group of chickens which were infected at the same time with the Nal r mutant. Chickens inoculated intramuscularly at 4 days developed a similar immunity to challenge and also excreted the immunizing strain in their faeces. In contrast intramuscular inoculation or incorporation into the food of formalin-killed S. typhimurium organisms had little lasting effect on the faecal excretion of the challenge strain. Two attenuated mutants of strain F98 Nal r were produced: one was a rough strain produced by lytic bacteriophage and the other was an aro A auxotrophic mutant which had been cured of the 85 kilobase–pair virulence–associated plasmid. These mutants were avirulent for chickens, mice, calves and man and when ingested by human volunteers did not persist in the faeces. When inoculated intramuscularly into chickens they produced an early reduction in faecal excretion of the challenge strain (Spc r ) which was not maintained. Oral administration of both strains produced reductions in faecal excretion of the challenge strain. This was much more noticeable with the rough strain which was itself excreted for a much longer period than the parent strain.