gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual trafficking of Slit3 to mitochondria and cell surface demonstrates novel localization for Slit protein (2001)

Drosophila slit is a secreted protein involved in midline patterning. Three vertebrate orthologs of the fly slit gene, Slit1, 2, and 3, have been isolated. Each displays overlapping, but distinct, patterns of expression in the developing vertebrate central nervous system, implying conservation of function. However, vertebrate Slit genes are also expressed in nonneuronal tissues where their cellular locations and functions are unknown. In this study, we characterized the cellular distribution and processing of mammalian Slit3 gene product, the least evolutionarily conserved of the vertebrate Slit genes, in kidney epithelial cells, using both cellular fractionation and immunolabeling. Slit3, but not Slit2, was predominantly localized within the mitochondria. This localization was confirmed using immunoelectron microscopy in cell lines and in mouse kidney proximal tubule cells. In confluent epithelial monolayers, Slit3 was also transported to the cell surface. However, we found no evidence of Slit3 proteolytic processing similar to that seen for Slit2. We demonstrated that Slit3 contains an NH(2)-terminal mitochondrial localization signal that can direct a reporter green fluorescent protein to the mitochondria. The equivalent region from Slit1 cannot elicit mitochondrial targeting. We conclude that Slit3 protein is targeted to and localized at two distinct sites within epithelial cells: the mitochondria, and then, in more confluent cells, the cell surface. Targeting to both locations is driven by specific NH(2)-terminal sequences. This is the first examination of Slit protein localization in nonneuronal cells, and this study implies that Slit3 has potentially unique functions not shared by other Slit proteins.
Prominent role of mesopore surface area and external acid sites for the synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) on a hierarchical H-ZSM-5 zeolite (2018)

By varying acid site accessibility, we demonstrated that polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers suffered from severe internal diffusion inside a MFI zeolite.
Facile synthesis of an organically-derivatized hexavanadate containing the remote amino group, TBA<sub>2</sub>[V<sub>6</sub>O<sub>13</sub>{(OCH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CNH<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>] (2016)

An effective synthetic strategy for the amino-containing organic derivative of hexavanadate, TBA2[V6O13{(OCH2)3CNH2}2], is presented. By using this method, the yield is increased extremely and crystals of the intermediate and cation-exchanged products are both obtained and structurally characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and 1H-NMR.
Is de-ghosting necessary with multi-component data? (2012)

There has been an increased interest in de-ghosting methods, which remove the effect of the sea-surface reflection, utilizing multi-component data. Various methodologies have proven that it is possible to successfully remove the ghost utilizing multi-component data. These methods are applied in the time domain at an early stage of a seismic imaging work-flow. This is appropriate for time-domain imaging. This presentation will show that the de-ghosting step is not necessary if multi-component data is available and the imaging is performed in the depth domain. The multi-component data can be used directly in a depth-domain imaging work-flow to remove any adverse effects of the ghost/sea-surface reflection. It is quite straight forward to realize this fact, since the wave-equation is a second order Partial Differential Equation, and access to both pressure and (particle) velocity components constitutes a complete set of initial/boundary conditions; hence the wave equation has a unique solution.
Chiral Lewis Acid Catalysis in Conjugate Additions of <i>O</i>-Benzylhydroxylamine to Unsaturated Amides. Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Amino Acid Precursors (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTChiral Lewis Acid Catalysis in Conjugate Additions of O-Benzylhydroxylamine to Unsaturated Amides. Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Amino Acid PrecursorsMukund P. Sibi, John J. Shay, Mei Liu, and Craig P. JasperseView Author Information Department of Chemistry North Dakota State University Fargo, North Dakota 58105 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 26, 6615–6616Publication Date (Web):June 18, 1998Publication History Received17 February 1998Published online18 June 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980520ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980520irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2628Altmetric-Citations177LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Conjugate acid-base pairs,Lewis acids,Molecular structure,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Adverse facial edema associated with off-label use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 in cranial reconstruction for craniosynostosis (2008)

The authors present a case of scalp and facial edema following craniofacial reconstruction for metopic craniosynostosis in which recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) was used to treat cranial defects related to the frontoorbital reconstruction. The extent of swelling, the onset, and duration were unusual for such cases and suggested a possible role of rhBMP-2 in inducing a local inflammatory response. The edema rapidly resolved after the patient underwent surgery to remove the rhBMP-2 implants.
Chemical warfare agents (2010)

Among the Weapons of Mass Destruction, chemical warfare (CW) is probably one of the most brutal created by mankind in comparison with biological and nuclear warfare. Chemical weapons are inexpensive and are relatively easy to produce, even by small terrorist groups, to create mass casualties with small quantities. The characteristics of various CW agents, general information relevant to current physical as well as medical protection methods, detection equipment available and decontamination techniques are discussed in this review article. A brief note on Chemical Weapons Convention is also provided.
Hypothermia in Patients With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury (2007)

Our data suggest that patients with tetraplegia after SCI have significant dysfunction of thermoregulation associated with frequent episodes of subnormal body temperature in a normal ambient environment. Further studies are needed to evaluate possible consequences of low temperatures on the general health of patients and to develop preventive interventions.
Stepping into cooperative buildings (2002)

If we are stepping out of windows (of the GUI kind), what are we stepping into? We suggest it is into cooperative buildings. For the foreseeable future, at least, we can identify two major characteristics of the cooperative building. The spaces of the building will be augmented in various ways, providing an ambient environment that bridges spatial discontinuities in workgroups and provides a continuous window into the state of the virtual world. Secondly, the ways in which the spaces themselves are used will evolve to be more congruent with the fluid, dynamic and distributed nature of the work taking place in the building. These two characteristics are deeply interconnected. This evolution need not happen entirely in the physical world; the essence of a cooperative building will become the way in which it mixes both physical and virtual affordances to support the workaday activities of its inhabitants.
Toward Objective Quality Assurance in Cervical Cytopathology:<i>Correlation of Cytopathologic Diagnoses with Detection of High-risk Human Papillomavirus Types</i> (1994)

Using The Bethesda System, five pathologists independently diagnosed 200 smears that originally had been classified as "atypical," and the results were correlated with concurrent detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by Southern analysis and by polymerase chain reaction amplification. The smears were reclassified as benign reactive changes (negative), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, or squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). Exact five-way cytologic agreement was achieved in only 29% of smears, and no slide was diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance by all reviewers. The detection of high-risk types of HPV correlated strongly with the likelihood of a diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial lesion. High-risk HPV types were detected in approximately 60% of smears reclassified as squamous intraepithelial lesion compared with 30% of those reclassified as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and 10% of negative smears (P < .001). Every smear unanimously diagnosed by the panel as squamous intraepithelial lesion was associated with detectable HPV DNA, mainly of high-risk types. Low-risk HPV DNA types were found with similar frequency in all diagnostic categories assigned by the reviewers. Based on the consistent relation between high-risk HPV detection and diagnoses according to the Bethesda System, the authors conclude that HPV testing may have an important role in quality assurance in cervical cytopathology.
AM-FM Demodulation of Spectrograms using Localized 2D Max-Gabor Analysis (2007)

We present a method that de-modulates a narrowband magnitude spectrogram S(f, t) into a frequency modulation term cos(Φ)(f,t)) which represents the underlying harmonic carrier, and an amplitude modulation term A(f,t) which represents the spectral envelope. Our method operates by performing a two-dimensional local patch analysis of the spectrogram, in which each patch is factored into a local carrier term and a local amplitude envelope term using a Max-Gabor analysis. We demonstrate the technique over a wide variety of speakers, and show how the spectrograms in each case may be adequately reconstructed as S(f, t) = A(f, t)cos(Φ(f, t)).
On the Characterization of pH-sensitive Liposome/Polymer Complexes (2002)

A randomly alkylated copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide, methacrylic acid and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone was characterized with regard to its pH- and temperature-triggered conformational change. It was then complexed to liposomes to produce pH-responsive vesicles. Light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry experiments performed at neutral pH revealed that the polymer underwent coil-to-globule phase transition over a wide range of temperatures. At 37 degrees C and pH 7.4, although the polymer was water-soluble, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that it was partly dehydrated. At acidic pH, the decrease in the lower critical solution temperature was accompanied by an increase in cooperativity degree of the phase transition. Complexation of copolymer to liposomes did not substantially influence its phase transition. The liposome/copolymer complexes were stable at neutral pH but rapidly released their contents under acidic conditions. The copolymer slightly increased liposome circulation time following intravenous administration to rats. The addition of poly(ethylene glycol) to the formulation had a detrimental effect on pH-sensitivity but enhanced substantially the circulation time.
Microscale Machining and Mechanical Characterization of Bone Tissue (2009)

Bone is an anisotropic, hierarchically structured material, and as a result, its mechanical behavior is highly statistical in nature.It has been shown for other engineering materials that mechanical testing at the microscale enables characterization of individual microstructural components in an effort to understand their role in the macroscopic mechanical behavior.The application of such microscale testing to bone will permit modeling of the aggregate material to predict effects of age, disease, or injury on the mechanical properties, thus enabling a better understanding of the disease state.In the present work, dual focused ion beam (FIB) and femtosecond (FS) laser micromachining techniques are employed to produce microscale mechanical test specimens of bovine cortical bone on the order of 10 -30 m.A FIB is advantageous for micromachining pillars as it is capable of producing small scale features by applying a Ga + ion beam that penetrates and removes the surrounding material.A FS laser uses ultrashort laser pulses to ablate the material by locally heating it to its vaporization temperature, creating a plasma that is dissipated into a flowing gas.The FS laser is advantageous for micromachining of biological materials because it may be used in ambient, non-vacuum environments, making it a flexible tool for machining the bone surface while preserving its microstructure.The short pulse duration minimizes thermal diffusion and heating of the surrounding material.Prior research suggests that FS laser iii machining causes very little residual damage to the surrounding bone tissue.Processing parameters and feasible specimen geometries and dimensions are discussed.The fabrication of such pillars allows for micromechanical compression testing of time independent behavior using a modified nanoindenter with a flat punch tip.By achieving successful fabrication of micron scale pillars, it is possible to test the constitutive mechanical properties of mineralized tissue that comprises bone.The present work analyzes the mechanical testing of 20-and 30 m nominal diameter pillars to small and large strains.Pillars tested to small strains are selectively placed within regions of interest on the bone sample surface (i.e.osteons).Modulus, strength, and modes of deformation are compared between samples.
Grid integration of large offshore wind energy and oil &amp; gas installations using LCC HVDC transmission system (2010)

This paper investigates a case study of grid integration of large offshore wind farm and oil & gas installations using Line-Commutated-Converter (LCC) HVDC transmission system. Additionally, a STATCOM provides commutation voltage and reactive power to the system. The Wind farm supplies power to oil & gas installations through the offshore AC network, and to the onshore grid through the LCC-HVDC transmission link. After the derivation of system mathematical model, the operation principle and control strategies of proposed system are described and validated by a PSCAD/EMTDC based model. The simulation results demonstrated the robust system performance during both the normal operation and the various grid fault conditions.
Exact and approximate solutions to the double-diffusive Marangoni–Bénard problem with cross-diffusive terms (1998)

We discuss the linear stability of a cross-doubly-diffusive fluid layer with surface tension variation along the free surface. Two limiting cases of the mass flux basic state are considered in the presence of non-zero Soret and Dufour diffusivities. The first case, which has remained largely unexplored, is one where a temperature difference, Δ T¯ , and a concentration difference, Δ C¯ , are both imposed across the layer. The second case, which has greater significance to thermosolutal systems, is that where the imposed Δ T¯ across the layer induces a Δ C¯ . We rescale the problem in the absence of buoyancy, which leads to a more concise representation of neutral stability results in and near the limit of zero gravity. We obtain exact solutions for stationary stability in both cases. One important consequence of the exact solutions is the validation of recently published numerical results in the limit of zero gravity. Moreover, the precise location of asymptotes in relevant parameter ( Sm c , Ma c ) space are computed from exact solutions. Both numerical and exact solutions are used to further examine stability behaviour. We also derive algebraic expressions for stationary stability, oscillatory stability, frequency, and codimension two point from a one-term Galerkin approximation. The one-term solutions qualitatively reflect the stability behaviour of the system over the parameter ranges in our investigation. A practical consequence is that the nature of the stability (oscillatory or stationary) for a given set of parameter values can be determined approximately, without solving the numerical eigenvalue problem.
Signal transduction by vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (2011)

VEGFs (vascular endothelial growth factors) control vascular development during embryogenesis and the function of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the adult. There are five related mammalian ligands, which act through three receptor tyrosine kinases. Signalling is modulated through neuropilins, which act as VEGF co-receptors. Heparan sulfate and integrins are also important modulators of VEGF signalling. Therapeutic agents that interfere with VEGF signalling have been developed with the aim of decreasing angiogenesis in diseases that involve tissue growth and inflammation, such as cancer. The present review will outline the current understanding and consequent biology of VEGF receptor signalling.
Surfactant/Cement Blends Improve Plugging Operations in Oil-Base Muds (1992)

ABSTRACT Achieving a competent kick-off plug can be a difficult task, especially when cementing in oil-base mud (OBM). Historically, kick-off operations in OBM have required numerous costly and time consuming attempts to establish a good plug. Portland or hydraulic cements require water wetting of their chemical components to initiate and maintain the hydration process. If the hydration process is interrupted, so is strength development. OBM impedes cement hydration by oil-wetting the cement components. Laboratory testing indicates as little as 10% by volume OBM mixed with cement can dramatically affect cement thickening time and compressive strength (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). Cements mixed with water-wetting surfactants have significantly improved plug success rates in an area where plug failures in OBM were commonplace. The water wetting surfactant used in these tests effectively reduced the OBM contamination. Compressive strength, thickening time, and rheological testing have shown surfactant/cement blends to be more tolerant of OBM contamination (see Table 1). In field tests, using surfactant cements, only one attempt was required to establish a competent kick-off plug. In a three well program, a $2000 surfactant expenditure produced a projected $300,000 savings.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Methyl‐D‐glucopyranoside Derivatives of Mercaptopurine and Mercaptopyrimidine. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Image Denoising Using the Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition (2012)

In this paper, we propose a very simple and elegant patch-based, machine learning technique for image denoising using the higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD). The technique simply groups together similar patches from a noisy image (with similarity defined by a statistically motivated criterion) into a 3D stack, computes the HOSVD coefficients of this stack, manipulates these coefficients by hard thresholding, and inverts the HOSVD transform to produce the final filtered image. Our technique chooses all required parameters in a principled way, relating them to the noise model. We also discuss our motivation for adopting the HOSVD as an appropriate transform for image denoising. We experimentally demonstrate the excellent performance of the technique on grayscale as well as color images. On color images, our method produces state-of-the-art results, outperforming other color image denoising algorithms at moderately high noise levels. A criterion for optimal patch-size selection and noise variance estimation from the residual images (after denoising) is also presented.
Tumor Recognition and Self-Recognition Induce Distinct Transcriptional Profiles in Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cells (2009)

Tumors express a wide variety of both mutated and nonmutated Ags. Whether these tumor Ags are broadly recognized as self or foreign by the immune system is currently unclear. Using an autochthonous prostate cancer model in which hemagglutinin (HA) is specifically expressed in the tumor (ProHA x TRAMP mice), as well as an analogous model wherein HA is expressed in normal tissues as a model self-Ag (C3HA(high)), we examined the transcriptional profile of CD4 T cells undergoing Ag-specific division. Consistent with our previous data, transfer of Ag-specific CD4 T cells into C3HA(high) resulted in a functionally inactivated CD4 T cell profile. Conversely, adoptive transfer of an identical CD4 T cell population into ProHA x TRAMP mice resulted in the induction of a regulatory phenotype of the T cell (Treg) both at the transcriptional and functional level. Interestingly, this Treg skewing was a property of even early-stage tumors, suggesting Treg induction as an important tolerance mechanism during tumor development.
How do you stretch a bladder? A survey of UK practice, a literature review, and a recommendation of a standard approach (2004)

SBD is widely used. There is marked variability in technique and little more than anecdotal evidence to support any particular approach. Research into the evaluation and treatment of painful bladder syndrome in general and IC in particular would be facilitated by the adoption of a standardised technique.
A Test Substrate for Thermal Analysis of Hybrid Circuits (1987)

This paper describes a simple test configuration which allows an analytical solution for thermal analysis. Comparison with experimental measurements has been undertaken and complete agreement has been found.