gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Stimulant-Induced Activation of Phagocytic Cells With Tetrandrine (1991)

Tetrandrine is an alkaloid obtained from the root of a medicinal herb which is employed in China as a treatment for silicosis. One proposed mechanism for the development of silica-induced fibrosis is lung damage resulting from particle-induced inflammation and secretion of reactive compounds from alveolar phagocytes. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine if tetrandrine exhibited the ability to inhibit respiratory burst activity of pulmonary phagocytes. The data indicate that although tetrandrine is not cytotoxic to phagocytic cells, it is a potent inhibitor in vitro of zymosan-stimulated oxygen consumption, superoxide anion release, and hydrogen peroxide secretion by alveolar macrophages. Tetrandrine is also effective in vivo in preventing activation of alveolar macrophages after inhalation or intratracheal instillation of silica. Tetrandrine also inhibits stimulant-induced chemiluminescence by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Since tetrandrine does not alter stimulant-induced depolarization of phagocytic cells, its inhibitory action is not via interference with receptor-ligand binding but rather must occur elsewhere in the stimulus-secretion coupling scheme.
Transition between Two Regimes Describing Internal Fluctuation of DNA in a Nanochannel (2011)

We measure the thermal fluctuation of the internal segments of a piece of DNA confined in a nanochannel about 50-100 nm wide. This local thermodynamic property is key to accurate measurement of distances in genomic analysis. For DNA in ~100 nm channels, we observe a critical length scale ~10 m for the mean extension of internal segments, below which the de Gennes' theory describes the fluctuations with no fitting parameters, and above which the fluctuation data falls into Odijk's deflection theory regime. By analyzing the probability distributions of the extensions of the internal segments, we infer that folded structures of length 150-250 nm, separated by ~10 m exist in the confined DNA during the transition between the two regimes. For ~50 nm channels we find that the fluctuation is significantly reduced since the Odijk regime appears earlier. This is critical for genomic analysis. We further propose a more detailed theory based on small fluctuations and incorporating the effects of confinement to explicitly calculate the statistical properties of the internal fluctuations. Our theory is applicable to polymers with heterogeneous mechanical properties confined in non-uniform channels. We show that existing theories for the end-to-end extension/fluctuation of polymers can be used to study the internal fluctuations only when the contour length of the polymer is many times larger than its persistence length. Finally, our results suggest that introducing nicks in the DNA will not change its fluctuation behavior when the nick density is below 1 nick per kbp DNA.
Linearity analysis of CMOS for RF application (2003)

The linearity of CMOS has been analyzed using the Taylor series. Transconductance and output conductance are two dominant nonlinear sources of CMOS. At a low frequency, the transconductance is a dominant nonlinear source for a low load impedance, but for a usual operation level impedance the output conductance is a dominant nonlinear source. Capacitances and the substrate network do not generate any significant nonlinearity, but they suppress output-conductance nonlinearity at a high frequency because output impedance is reduced by the capacitive shunts, and output voltage swing is also reduced. Therefore, above 2-3 GHz, the transconductance becomes a dominant nonlinear source for a usual load impedance. If these capacitive elements are tuned out for a power match, the behavior becomes similar to the low-frequency case. As gate length is reduced, the transconductance becomes more linear, but the output conductance becomes more nonlinear. At a low frequency, CMOS linearity is degraded as the gate length becomes shorter, but at a higher frequency (above 2-3 GHz), linearity can be improved.
SH3 Domain-Mediated Recruitment of Host Cell Amphiphysins by Alphavirus nsP3 Promotes Viral RNA Replication (2011)

Among the four non-structural proteins of alphaviruses the function of nsP3 is the least well understood. NsP3 is a component of the viral replication complex, and composed of a conserved aminoterminal macro domain implicated in viral RNA synthesis, and a poorly conserved carboxyterminal region. Despite the lack of overall homology we noted a carboxyterminal proline-rich sequence motif shared by many alphaviral nsP3 proteins, and found it to serve as a preferred target site for the Src-homology 3 (SH3) domains of amphiphysin-1 and -2. Nsp3 proteins of Semliki Forest (SFV), Sindbis (SINV), and Chikungunya viruses all showed avid and SH3-dependent binding to amphiphysins. Upon alphavirus infection the intracellular distribution of amphiphysin was dramatically altered and colocalized with nsP3. Mutations in nsP3 disrupting the amphiphysin SH3 binding motif as well as RNAi-mediated silencing of amphiphysin-2 expression resulted in impaired viral RNA replication in HeLa cells infected with SINV or SFV. Infection of Balb/c mice with SFV carrying an SH3 binding-defective nsP3 was associated with significantly decreased mortality. These data establish SH3 domain-mediated binding of nsP3 with amphiphysin as an important host cell interaction promoting alphavirus replication.
Rheological responses of oil-in-oil emulsions in an electric field (2000)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jong-Wook Ha, Seung-Man Yang; Rheological responses of oil-in-oil emulsions in an electric field. J. Rheol. 1 March 2000; 44 (2): 235–256. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.551084 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Mothering the Child (1979)

Nancy Chodorow, The Reproduction of Mothering, Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender . University of California Press, 1978.
Oxidations catalysed by horseradish- and milk-peroxidases (1932)

IN a previous paper Very dilute H202 with the enzyme had no effect on the various fatty acids, fats, sugars, most amino-acids, and other possible metabolites tried. Other than those compounds used in ordinary tests for peroxidase, the only substances found to be oxidised were tryptophan and tyrosine, and the oxidation of nitrite, previously observed by others, was fully confirmed.
Strength and microstructure of Si3N4 sintered with ZrO2 additions (1986)

Densities greater than 99 percent of theoretical were obtained with stabilized ZrO2 additions to Si3N4. Material sintered at 2140 C under 2.5 MPa nitrogen overpressure with 3.8, 9.9, and 13.4 wt pct ZrO2 had a predominantaly equiaxed grain size ranging from 0.2 to 7.0 microns. At 1370 C, the latter composition exhibited a flexural strength of about 487 MPa, equal to that of a finer-grain-size, hot-pressed Si3N4 + ZrO2 material having excellent high-temperature static fatigue properties. Transmission electron microscopy of the sintered Si3N4 revealed a glassy grain-boundary phase at all three ZrO2 levels and partially crystalline triple points for the 9.9 and 13.4 wt pct ZrO2-containing materials. Slow crack growth was observed for 1370 C flexure tests and correlated with nonlinear load deflection traces for stresses greater than 503 MPa. The crystallization of the grain-boundary glass is interpreted as beneficial to the attainment of high (1370 C) flexural strength. 20 references.
Role of the amino‐terminal GAF domain of the NifA activator in controlling the response to the antiactivator protein NifL (2004)

The NifA protein from Azotobacter vinelandii belongs to a family of enhancer binding proteins (EBPs) that activate transcription by RNA polymerase containing the sigma factor sigma(54). These proteins have conserved AAA+ domains that catalyse ATP hydrolysis to drive conformational changes necessary for open complex formation by sigma(54)-RNA polymerase. The activity of the NifA protein is highly regulated in response to redox and fixed nitrogen through interaction with the antiactivator protein NifL. Binding of NifL to NifA inhibits the ATPase activity of NifA, and this interaction is controlled by the amino-terminal GAF domain of NifA that binds 2-oxoglutarate. Mutations conferring resistance to NifL are located in both the GAF and the AAA+ domains of NifA. To investigate the mechanism by which the GAF domain regulates the activity of the AAA+ domain, we screened for second-site mutations that suppress the NifL-resistant phenotype of mutations in the AAA+ domain. One suppressor mutation, F119S, in the GAF domain restores inhibition by NifL to an AAA+ domain mutation, E356K, in response to fixed nitrogen but not in response to oxygen. The biochemical properties of this mutant protein are consistent with the in vivo phenotype and demonstrate that interdomain suppression results in sensitivity to inhibition by NifL in the presence of the signal transduction protein GlnK, but not to the oxidized form of NifL. In the absence of an AAA+ domain mutation, the F119S mutation confers hypersensitivity to repression by NifL. Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrates that this mutation prevents binding of 2-oxoglutarate to the GAF domain. Our data support a model in which the GAF domain plays an essential role in preventing inhibition by NifL under conditions appropriate for nitrogen fixation. These observations are of general significance in considering how the activities of EBPs are controlled in response to environmental signals.
Graceful Termination -- Graceful Resetting (1989)

Correct — let alone graceful — termination of parallel systems is sometimes thought to be a difficult problem. This is particularly imagined to be so under the pure message-passing MIMD discipline of occam and transputer networks, where global operations (like setting a shared flag or abortions) are not allowed and where time-outs cannot be set for every communication. This paper describes some common, but erroneous, occam approaches to this problem and contrasts them with what can be done in Ada [0, 1, 2]. These methods are all rejected on the grounds of insecurity and performance overheads. A simple, legal, secure and efficient occam method is then presented. This method also solves a much more important problem — the general (or partial) resetting of a parallel system (or sub-system). The resetting mechanism is quite independent of the parallel application algorithm, which can therefore be developed without worrying about such matters. This separation of concerns is good software engineering and is fully supported by the occam philosophy. Finally, an application of this resetting mechanism is described that permits the dynamic reconstruction of occam network topologies.
Design and performance evaluation of low-voltage/high-current DC/DC on-board modules (1999)

The topology selection, design and performance evaluation of an on-board DC/DC converter, which delivers power from a 48-V input to a 1.2-1.65 V/70 A microprocessor load, are presented. It was shown that the symmetrical half-bridge topology with the current doubler and synchronous rectifiers is a suitable approach for this application. The measured full-load efficiency of a 200-kHz experimental half-bridge converter was higher than 82% in the entire output and input voltage range.
Analyzing the Amazon Mechanical Turk marketplace (2010)

An associate professor at New York Universitys Stern School of Business uncovers answers about who are the employers in paid crowdsourcing, what tasks they post, and how much they pay.
The Expanding Universe of Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers (2012)

The post-translation addition of ubiquitin (Ub) and structurally related polypeptide modifiers to other intracellular constituents is now known to be an important intermediate driving a wide assortment of metabolic and regulatory processes in plants. Although the most common targets are other proteins, conjugation of specific modifiers to lipids and prenyl groups or participation in sulfur chemistry, tRNA modification, and RNA splicing also occur. The Ub system is clearly the most complex in terms of targets (~1000s) and underpinning enzymatic machinery (~6% of the Arabidopsis proteome), with its primary role to initiate the selective turnover of unwanted proteins by the 26S proteasome. However, recent studies revealed that several other modifiers also direct critical plant functions, especially with respect to autophagic recycling, the regulation of transcription and chromatin structure, and RNA metabolism. In fact, emerging studies have unearthed an intricate interplay between Ub and several of the Ub-like modifiers that sometimes works in synergy with or against ubiquitylation. While first thought to be restricted to eukaryotes, proteins related in structure and/or biochemistry to the Ub superfamily have been found in eubacteria and Archaea, indicating that this modification scheme evolved very early in cellular life, with prokaryotic sulfur transferase chemistry being the likely antecedent. Given their widespread distribution, diversity of targets, and multifaceted activities, Ub-type proteins are fast assuming their rightful places as fundamental regulators of plant biology.
The microbiology of otitis media (1989)

Departments of Pediatrics and Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN.
Case 34-2010 (2010)

From the Departments of Orthopedics (D.C.R., J.H.H.) and Medicine (G.S.M.) and the Massachusetts General Physicians Organization (G.S.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; and the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (D.C.R., J.H.H.) and Medicine (G.S.M.), Harvard Medical School — both in Boston.
Effect of timing jitter on time-of-flight distance measurements using dual femtosecond lasers (2015)

The cross correlation between a pair of femtosecond lasers with slightly different repetition rates enables high precision, high update rate time-of-flight (TOF) distance measurements against multiple targets. Here, we investigate the obtainable ranging precision set by the timing jitter from femtosecond lasers. An analytical model governing dual femtosecond laser TOF distance measurement in the presence of pulse train timing jitter is built at first. A numerical study is conducted by involving typical timing jitter sources in femtosecond lasers in the following. Finally, the analytical and numerical models are verified by a TOF ranging experiment using a pair of free running femtosecond Er-fiber lasers. The timing jitter of the lasers is also characterized by an attosecond resolution balanced optical cross correlation method. The comparison between experiment and numerical model shows that the quantum-limited timing jitter of femtosecond lasers sets a fundamental limit on the performance of dual femtosecond laser TOF distance measurements.
Edge‐modulated stagnant‐lid convection and volcanic passive margins (2007)

The initial oceanic crust along volcanic passive margins is a factor of ∼3 greater than that of typical oceanic crust (20 versus 6–7 km). Convection driven by the edge of the continental lithosphere may cause mantle material to circulate through the shallow zone of significant melting beneath the nascent ocean basin and cause the volume of melted mantle to exceed that required to replace the diverging lithospheric plates. This hypothesis is a well‐known alternative to mantle plumes. I obtain dimensional scaling relations and develop numerical models which indicate that the melted volume is unlikely to be enhanced by a factor of ∼3. This conclusion agrees with the results of numerical calculations by Nielsen and Hopper (2002, 2004). Dimensional scaling provides the relationship which shows that the vigor of convection in terms of laterally averaged heat flow (or flow velocity) depends on the square of local thickness of the rheological boundary layer (for linear viscosity). The derivation does not involve undulations in lithospheric thickness and thus provides the inference that the vigor of stagnant‐lid convection depends only weakly on those features. Numerical models support this inference. Lithospheric edges do nucleate instabilities, but these instabilities are similar in magnitude to those in models started with a tiny perturbation from laterally homogeneous temperature. Subsequent convection is also similar for models started with tiny perturbations and with large lateral variations in lithospheric thickness. In terms of the scaling relationship, the asthenosphere beneath the thin lithosphere within rifts is an unfavorable site for circulation and extensive melting. The rheological boundary layer is in general thin below thin lithosphere, which causes stagnant‐lid convection there to be weak. Care needs to be taken in numerical modeling of convection beneath passive margins. Starting conditions that drive large instabilities of features that could not have persisted in the Earth need to be avoided. Models should start rifting only after mature stagnant‐lid convection is established.
Property Based Intrusion Detection to Secure OLSR (2007)

In this paper, we examine security issues related to proactive routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Specifically, we investigate security properties of the optimized link-state routing (OLSR) protocol, a proactive routing protocol for MANETs. We analyze the possible attacks against the integrity of the network routing infrastructure, and present techniques to counter some attacks. Our main approach is based on a formal model to describe normal and incorrect node behaviors. This model allows us to derive security properties. The algorithm checks if these security properties are violated. If they are, detection occurs to allow the normal node to find a path without incorrect node behavior. Our approach does not change the message format, so it is very easy to implement the corresponding algorithm. While we use OLSR as an example of protocol for our studies, we argue that the presented techniques apply equally to any proactive routing protocol for MANETs.
Auger electron and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of monocrystalline layers of KTa1−<i>x</i>Nb<i>x</i>O3 grown by liquid-phase epitaxy (1991)

Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron microprobe analysis (EMA) were applied to investigate the chemical composition, impurities, and the homogeneity of thin para- and ferroelectric epitaxial KTa1−xNbxO3 (KTN) layers grown by liquid-phase epitaxy using a KTN-KF flux. AES indicated no Ta/Nb fluctuations within the layer plane and in the growth direction. XPS and EMA determined a F incorporation of 0.8–0.9 mol % for as-grown and 0.6 mol % for annealed samples. Valence analyses with XPS and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) revealed only the regular valence state for the B atoms of a (I,V)ABO3 perovskite lattice. An unexpected splitting of the K 2p doublet peak was found for as-grown layers. Structural defects observed by optical microscopy and x-ray topography were attributed to lattice relaxation effects. Optical waveguiding could be achieved for para- and ferroelectric layers.
Substrate- and Time-Dependent Photoluminescence of Quantum Dots Inside the Ultrathin Polymer LbL Film (2007)

The photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in different configurations at solid surfaces (glass, silicon, PDMS, and metals) is considered for three types of organization: QDs directly adsorbed on solid surfaces, separated from the solid surface by a nanoscale polymer film with different thickness, and encapsulated into a polymer film. The complete suppression of photoluminescence for QDs on conductive metal surfaces (copper, gold) indicated a strong quenching effect. The temporal variation of the photoluminescent intensity on other substrates (glass, silicon, and PDMS) can be tuned by placing the nanoscale (3-50 nm) LbL polymer film between QDs and the substrate. The photooxidation and photobleaching processes of QD nanoparticles in the vicinity of the solid surface can be tuned by proper selection of the substrate and the dielectric nanoscale polymer film placed between the substrate and QDs. Moreover, the encapsulation of QD nanoparticles into the polymer film resulted in a dramatic initial increase in the photoemission intensity due to the accelerated photooxidation process. The phenomenon of enhanced photoemission of QDs encapsulated into the ultrathin polymer film provides not only the opportunity for making flexible, ultrathin, QD-containing polymer films, transferable to any microfabricated substrate, but also improved light emitting properties.
The analysis of the stability of high DC current comparator with double magnetic detector (2003)

In this paper, for the first time, modeling and simulating for a double magnetic detector dc comparator, based on curvilinear approach and Simulink in MATLAB, are developed. The stability is analyzed. The results show that the double magnetic detector dc comparator has a more perfect stability than the traditional comparator.
Mitochondrial constituents of corpora amylacea and autofluorescent astrocytic inclusions in senescent human brain (1995)

Corpora amylacea (CA) are cytoplasmic inclusions that accumulate in human brain in the course of normal aging, and to an even greater extent, in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. In senescent and Alzheimer-diseased human brains, astrocytes in limbic and periventricular regions exhibit red autofluorescent inclusions, homologous to Gomori-positive astrocyte granules previously described in the brains of aging rodents and other vertebrates. We have shown that Gomori inclusions in situ and in culture are derived from autophagocytosed mitochondria exhibiting iron-mediated peroxidase activity. In the human brain, the autofluorescent inclusions share many properties with CA. Both types of inclusion progressively accumulate in periventricular regions with advancing age, are largely astrocytic in origin, and contain various heat shock proteins and ubiquitin. Using histochemistry in conjunction with cofocal microscopy, we demonstrated that both CA and the red autofluorescent granules exhibit non-enzymatic peroxidase activity and an affinity for CAH and PAS. The only major divergent histochemical feature between the Gomori-positive astrocyte granules and CA is the presence of orange-red autofluorescence in the former and the absence of endogenous fluorescence in the latter. On the basis of numerous shared topographic and histochemical features, we hypothesized that CA are largely derived from autofluorescent (Gomori-positive) astrocyte granules which reside in periventricular regions of the senescent CNS. Immunofluorescent labeling and laser scanning confocal microscopy demonstrated consistent colocalization of the mitochondrial proteins, sulfite oxidase, and heat shock protein 60, to both CA and the autofluorescent astroglial inclusions. In addition, both CA and the autofluorescent astrocyte granules exhibit staining for DNA which colocalizes to mitochondrial antigens and therefore likely represents mitochondrial nucleic acid in dual-labeled preparations. These observations suggest that a) Gomori-positive astrocyte granules in human brain are homologous to those described in rodents, b) Gomori-positive granules may be structural precursors of CA in senescent human brain, and c) in the aging human brain, degenerate mitochondria within periventricular astrocytes give rise to autofluorescent cytoplasmic granules and corpora amylacea.