gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated OpenFlow–GMPLS control plane: an overlay model for software defined packet over optical networks (2011)

Bandwidth demands resulting from generated traffics by emerging applications, when aggregated at the edge of the networks for transport over core networks can only be met with high-capacity WDM circuit switched optical networks. An efficient end-to-end delivery of packet streams in terms of network control, operation and management is one of the key challenges for the network operators. Therefore, a unified control and management plane for both packet and optical circuit switch domains is a good candidate to address this need. In this paper a novel software-defined packet over optical networks solution based on the integration of OpenFlow and GMPLS control plane is experimentally demonstrated. The proposed architecture, experimental setup, and average flow setup time for different optical flows are reported. The performance of the extended OpenFlow controller is also presented and discussed.
Fault location in optical fibers using optical frequency domain reflectometry (1986)

This paper describes the experimental and analytical investigations performed on another backscattering technique named "Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry" (OFDR). In this approach the temporal signatures of graded-index multimode fibers are obtained as the inverse Fourier transform of the OFDR data. In the employed OFDR system the entire process is automated, and the modulation frequency is changed stepwise to obtain an exact inverse Fourier transform. The effects of starting frequency, frequency increment, and highest modulation frequency on OFDR temporal response are considered. The experimental results are in good agreement with those obtained by computer simulations. Also, a synchronous detection type of filtering process is suggested for signal-to-noise ratio improvement in OFDR technique.
Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels are elevated in neurocognitively impaired individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1997)

To determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral burden measurements can assist in the evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders, we quantified HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in CSF. Because previous findings suggested that disease stage, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and HIV-1 RNA levels in plasma may influence CSF viral burden, these variables were examined as potential modifying factors. HIV-1 RNA levels were quantified by using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. Performance on a comprehensive neuropsychological (NP) battery was noted in 97 prospectively enrolled, HIV-infected subjects. Among subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (<200 CD4+ lymphocytes), NP impairment was associated with significantly higher CSF RNA levels (3.1 vs 1.8 log10 copies/ml; p = 0.02); most impaired subjects met criteria for HIV-associated dementia or minor cognitive-motor disorder. In subjects without AIDS, CSF RNA and NP impairment were unrelated. Before AIDS, CSF RNA was strongly correlated to plasma RNA and to pleocytosis, but in AIDS, CSF and plasma RNA were independent. In conclusion, we found elevated CSF HIV-1 RNA levels in NP impaired subjects with AIDS. Before AIDS, systemic viral replication, possibly through CD4+ mononuclear cell trafficking, may govern virus levels in CSF, whereas in AIDS, CD4 cell depletion may unmask a correlation between increased productive central nervous system HIV infection and clinical neurocognitive disorders.
A 2.4GHz T/R switch with ESD protection for WLAN 802.11 b/g/n applications (2017)

A single-pole double-throw T/R switch in 40nm CMOS process is developed for 2.4 GHz Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) 802.11 b/g/n applications. An inductor-based λ passive network is utilized for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection with no penalty of parasitic capacitance. The λ network achieves 50-Ohm impedance matching in Rx mode and high impedance parallel resonance in Tx mode respectively. ESD protection standard of Human-Body Model (HBM) 2KV is achieved in simulation. The proposed switch exhibits 34-dBm output power at 1-dB compression point (P-1dB), 1-dB insertion loss (IL) and 24.7-dB isolation in the transmit mode. In the receive mode, the switch features 0.8-dB IL and 19-dB isolation at 2.45GHz with 100MHz bandwidth.
Crosslinking of iodine-125-labeled calcium-dependent regulatory protein to the calcium(2+) ion-sensitive phosphodiesterase purified from bovine heart (1979)

The calcium-dependent regulatory protein (CDR).Ca2+ sensitive cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase was purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine heart by using ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-ceelulose chromatography, and CDR-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The enzyme was purifed 13 750-fold with a 10% yield and a specific activity of 275 mumol of cAMP min-1 mg-1. The purified enzyme ran as a single band during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular weight of 57 000. Phosphodiesterase activity was stimulated 10-fold by Ca2+ and CDR with half-maximal activation occurring at 9 ng/assay. [125I]CDR was cross-linked to the purified phosphodiesterase by using dimethyl suberimidate Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cross-linked products revealed a number of discrete 125I-labeled bands. The molecular weights of the cross-linked products indicate that the stoichiometry of the phosphodiesterase complex is A2C2, where A is the phosphodiesterase catalytic subunit and C is the calcium-dependent regulatory protein.
Cyto and histological study of so-called "atrophic pattern" of the vaginal smear. (1987)

60歳から98歳までの女性711例の正常腟スミアを用いて “萎縮像” の検討を行った. また65歳から100歳までの女性54例の剖検材料を用いて組織学的背景を検討した.萎縮像を示す腟スミアは375例に対し非萎縮像は336例でほぼ半々の割であり, これは加齢による有意の増減を示さなかった.萎縮型細胞はシート状ないし合胞状 (S型) 細胞, 裸核 (N型) 細胞, 類円形 (R型) 細胞, 多角形 (P型) 細胞の4型およびその変性像と変形像に分けられた. S型細胞は最も多く出現し (46.1%), 萎縮像の基本となる細胞と考えられた.腟壁の扁平上皮組織を成熟型と退縮型に分けると前者は21例 (38.9%), 後者は33例 (61.1%) であり, 両者とも60歳代から90歳代の各年代群に認められ, 100歳の1例は成熟型であった. 退縮型の組織像を観察すると, 上皮細胞は4から8層の旁基底細胞からなり, その形態は一様ではなく, SNRPの各萎縮型細胞に該当する細胞が認められた.
Effect of the Purinergic Receptor P2X7 on <i>Chlamydia</i> Infection in Cervical Epithelial Cells and Vaginally Infected Mice (2007)

Ligation of the purinergic receptor, P2X7R, with its agonist ATP has been previously shown to inhibit intracellular infection by chlamydiae and mycobacteria in macrophages. The effect of P2X7R on chlamydial infection had never been investigated in the preferred target cells of chlamydiae, cervical epithelial cells, nor in vaginally infected mice. In this study, we show that treatment of epithelial cells with P2X7R agonists inhibits partially Chlamydia infection in epithelial cells. Chelation of ATP with magnesium or pretreatment with a P2X7R antagonist blocks the inhibitory effects of ATP. Similarly to previous results obtained with macrophages, ATP-mediated inhibition of infection in epithelial cells requires activation of host-cell phospholipase D. Vaginal infection was also more efficient in P2X7R-deficient mice, which also displayed a higher level of acute inflammation in the endocervix, oviduct, and mesosalpingeal tissues than in infected wild-type mice. However, secretion of IL-1beta, which requires P2X7R ligation during infection by other pathogens, was decreased mildly and only at short times of infection. Taken together, these results suggest that P2X7R affects Chlamydia infection by directly inhibiting infection in epithelial cells, rather than through the ability of P2X7R to modulate IL-1beta secretion.
Least-squares time-delay estimation for transient signals in a multipath environment (1992)

The problem of estimating the arrival times of overlapping ocean-acoustic signals from a noisy received waveform that consists of scaled and delayed replicas of a deterministic transient signal is considered. It is assumed that the transmitted signal and the number of paths in the multipath environment are known, and an algorithm is developed that gives least-squares estimates of the amplitude and time delay of each path. A method is given to ensure that the global minimum of the error surface is found in spite of the existence of numerous local minima. The algorithm is then extended to the case in which the transmitted signal is not known precisely, but is assumed to belong to a parametric class of signals. The extended algorithm additionally obtains the parameters that characterize the transmitted signal. The algorithm is demonstrated on the class of signals consisting of gated sinusoids, using both simulated and experimental data.
The NO hypothesis: possible effects of a short-lived, rapidly diffusible signal in the development and function of the nervous system. (1990)

Several observations suggest that the Ca2(+)-dependent postsynaptic release of nitric oxide (NO) may be important in the formation and function of the vertebrate nervous system. We explore here the hypothesis that the release of NO and its subsequent diffusion may be critically related to three aspects of nervous system function: (i) synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation in certain regions of the adult nervous system, (ii) the control of cerebral blood flow in such regions, and (iii) the establishment and activity-dependent refinement of axonal projections during the later stages of development. In this paper, we detail and analyze the basic assumptions underlying this NO hypothesis and describe a computer simulation of a minimal version of the hypothesis. In the simulation, a 3-dimensional volume of neuropil is presented with patterned afferent input; NO is produced, diffuses, and is destroyed; and synaptic strengths are determined by a set of synaptic rules based on the correlation of synaptic depolarization and NO levels. According to the hypothesis, voltage-dependent postsynaptic release of this rapidly diffusing substance links the activities of neurons in a local volume of tissue, regardless of whether the neurons are directly connected by synapses. This property is demonstrated in the simulation, and it is this property that is exploited in the hypothesis to account for certain aspects of long-term potentiation and activity-dependent sharpening of axonal arbors.
Synthesis, single-crystal structure and magnetic properties of orthorhombic CuNb2O6 (1993)

The conditions necessary for the synthesis of the two reported polymorphs of CuNb2O6 from the binary oxides have been investigated. The black, orthorhombic phase has been prepared in a pure crystalline form and its single-crystal structure determined. It is isomorphous with the MIINb2O6 columbite system (orthorhombic, a= 14.019(11)Å, b= 5.623(7)Å, c= 5.107(7)Å, space group Pbcn) but the CuO6 octahedra display a large tetragonal distortion [Cu–O, 1.976(6)× 2, 1.973(6)× 2, and 2.383(6)× 2 Å]. Above 225 K the compound is magnetically dilute and obeys the Curie law (µeff= 1.91µB), whereas Curie–Weiss behaviour was observed between 225 and 50 K (θ=–30 K) with a maximum susceptibility at 20 K. The magnetic data have been analysed in terms of a onedimensional antiferromagnetic chain model.The yellowish-green, monoclinic phase is more difficult to prepare in a pure form than the black, orthorhombic phase. Some provisional details for its preparation are reported.
Measurement of blood volume with an enriched stable isotope of chromium (53Cr) and isotope dilution by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1994)

We used an established isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to measure blood volumes with an enriched stable isotope of chromium. The results were compared with those of the conventional method, which involves radioactive 51Cr. The two methods were compared simultaneously in two male subjects of different sizes, and essentially identical volumes were obtained. The isotope dilution method is insensitive to contamination with natural (unenriched) chromium and can be used to measure all of the stable isotopes of chromium. The method has potential applications in simultaneous erythrocyte survival studies. The absence of radioactivity makes possible an accurate means of studying blood volume changes in children and during pregnancy.
Infection of B cells with hepatitis C virus for the development of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C (2009)

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, represented by essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but the pathogenic mechanism remains obscure. HCV may infect B cells or interact with their cell surface receptors, and induce lymphoproliferation. The influence of HCV infection of B cells on the development of lymphoproliferative disorders was evaluated in 75 patients with persistent HCV infection. HCV infection was more prevalent (63% vs. 16%, 14%, or 17% P < 0.05 for each), and HCV RNA levels were higher (3.35 +/- 3.85 vs. 1.75 +/- 2.52, 2.15 +/- 2.94 or 2.10 +/- 2.90 log copies/100 ng, P < 0.01 for each) in B cells than CD4(+), CD8(+) T cells or other cells. Negative-strand HCV RNA, as a marker of viral replication, was detected in B cells from four of the 75 (5%) patients. Markers for lymphoproliferative disorders were more frequent in the 50 patients with chronic hepatitis C than the 32 with chronic hepatitis B, including cryoglobulinemia (26% vs. 0%, P < 0.001), low CH(50) levels (48% vs. 3%, P = 0.012), and the clonality of B cells (12% vs. 0%, P < 0.01). By multivariate analysis, HCV RNA in B cells was an independent factor associated with the presence of at least one marker for lymphoproliferation (odds ratio: 1.98 [95% confidence interval: 1.36-7.24], P = 0.027). Based on the results obtained, the infection of B cells with HCV would play an important role in the development of lymphoproliferative disorders.
Automated Extraction of Conceptual Models from User Stories via NLP (2016)

Natural language (NL) is still the predominant notation that practitioners use to represent software requirements. Albeit easy to read, NL does not readily highlight key concepts and relationships such as dependencies and conflicts. This contrasts with the inherent capability of graphical conceptual models to visualize a given domain in a holistic fashion. In this paper, we propose to automatically derive conceptual models from a concise and widely adopted NL notation for requirements: user stories. Due to their simplicity, we hypothesize that our approach can improve on the low accuracy of previous works. We present an algorithm that combines state-of-the-art heuristics and that is implemented in our Visual Narrator tool. We evaluate our work on two case studies wherein we obtained promising precision and recall results (between 80% and 92%). The creators of the user stories perceived the generated models as a useful artifact to communicate and discuss the requirements, especially for team members who are not yet familiar with the project.
Semantic Generation of Clouds Privacy Policies (2015)

The governance of privacy and personal information on cloud environments is challenging and complex. Usually many regulatory frameworks intervene to reflect diverse privacy wishes from several stakeholders. This includes data owners, data and services providers and also the end users. Focusing mainly on medical domains, this issue is particularly important due to the sensitivity of health related data in international data protection law. It is therefore essential to integrate heterogeneous privacy requirements in a semantic model and rules. Thereafter, overlaps, contradictions and similarities of privacy wishes could be detected and a final access control context would be captured before it is finally mapped to clouds operational policies. This paper describes a ontology-based semantic model of privacy requirements along with a logical formalism for mapping SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) privacy rules to a policy language that is implementable on clouds environments namely XACML. The underline implementation requirements for our formalism will be also explained.
Comparing gene discovery from Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays and Clontech PCR-select cDNA subtraction: a case study (2004)

This study suggests that SSH could be used as an alternative and complementary transcript profiling tool to GeneChip microarrays, especially in identifying novel genes and transcripts of low abundance.
Theoretical Investigations on the Light Scattering of Colloidal Spheres. V. Forward Scattering (1959)

The scattering of light, by nonabsorbing colloidal spheres, in the direction of the primary beam (forward direction), is calculated by means of the Mie theory as a function of α and m. The parameters considered are: α=1(1)15 for m=1.05(0.05)1.30 and, in addition, α=0.2(0.2)15.2 for m=1.20. In addition to the i values, the experimentally important quantity, I180/I0c, obtainable by Zimm plots, is evaluated. Its variation with particle size is compared to that of the total turbidity. The performance of the hitherto almost exclusively used Rayleigh-Gans-Debye equation is tested quantitatively against the exact Mie data. The advantages of the ``forward scattering method'' for determining particle sizes are enumerated and a series of desirable definitions and clarifications of angular light scattering quantities are included.
Stratifying risk of urinary tract malignant tumors in patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. (2013)

223 Background: AMH in the general population is common, occurring in up to 9-18%. Even low degrees of AMH have been considered a risk factor for UTMT. Although the prevalence of UTMT is low (.01-3%), many asymptomatic patients undergo unnecessary and hazardous evaluations. In 2007, the Kaiser Permanente (KP) Urologists started a multi-year QI effort to research and develop a risk stratified evidence-based approach in the evaluation of AMH. Methods: The group first conducted a retrospective analysis to determine the incidence of urinary cancer, and stratify risk according to age, gender, smoking history, and degree of hematuria. A multi-regional prospective, observational study was then conducted over a two year period. We used a data collection tool embedded within an EMR to determine patients with AMH who are at greatest risk for UTMT, and patients who might benefit from urologic evaluation or safely avoid unnecessary workup and radiation exposure. Results: 4,414 patients had full urologic work up. Overall, 100 bladder cancers were diagnosed among 4,414 patients (2.3%), and only 11 renal cancers (0.2%) were pathologically confirmed. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted for 5 common parameters: age, gender, smoking history, degree of microscopic hematuria, and history of gross hematuria within the past 6 months. The two most important risk factors were age > 50, and prior history of gross hematuria. A hematuria risk index (HRI) was developed, which significantly improved predictability (AUC = .809-HRI vs .532-AUA guideline). Overall, 32% of the population was identified as low risk with only 0.2% cancer detected; 14% of the population was identified as high risk, of whom 11.1% had a cancer diagnosed. Conclusions: These results suggest that a considerable proportion of patients may safely avoid hazardous evaluation using multivariate risk stratification. An evidence-based algorithm was developed for the management of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria and implemented within KP. We expect to significantly improve patient safety and improve reliability of patient evaluation.
Failure Analysis of Open Faults by Using Detecting/Un-detecting Information on Tests (2005)

Recently, manufacturing defects including opens in the interconnect layers have been increasing. Therefore, a failure analysis for open faults has become important in manufacturing. Moreover, the failure analysis for open faults under BIST environment is demanded. Since the quality of the failure analysis is engaged by the resolution of locating the fault, we propose the method for locating single open fault at a stem, based on only detecting/un-detecting information on tests. Our method deduces candidate faulty stems based on the number of detections for single stuck-at fault at each fan-out branches, by performing single stuck-at fault simulation with both detecting and un-detecting tests. To improve the ability of locating the fault, the method reduces the candidate faulty stems based on the number of detections for multiple stuck-at faults at fanout branches of the candidate faulty stem, by performing multiple stuck-at fault simulation with detecting tests.
Quaternary Carbon Compounds. I. Trialkylacetic Acids as Antispasmodic Agents<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuaternary Carbon Compounds. I. Trialkylacetic Acids as Antispasmodic Agents1Nathan Sperber, Domenick Papa, and Erwin SchwenkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 9, 3091–3094Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01189a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01189a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views467Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhanced Aβ<sub>40</sub> Deposition Was Associated with Increased Aβ<sub>42/43</sub> in Cerebral Vasculature with Dutch‐Type Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis (HCHWA‐D) (2002)

Cerebrovascular deposition of the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) is a common pathologic event in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and certain related disorders. Such an Abeta vascular deposition occurs primarily in the medial layer of the cerebral vessel wall in an assembled fibrillar state. These deposits are associated with several pathological responses, including degeneration of the smooth muscle cells in the cerebral vessel wall. Severe cases of cerebrovascular Abeta deposition are also accompanied by loss of vessel wall integrity and hemorrhagic stroke. Although the reasons for this pathological consequence are unclear, altered proteolytic mechanisms within the cerebral vessel wall may be involved. We analyzed cerebral Abeta deposition in brains with AD and Dutch-type hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (HCHWA-D) on the basis of two amyloid species of Abeta(40) and Abeta(42/43) using specific monoclonal antibodies. Compared to Abeta deposition in senile plaques, the molecular composition of Abeta was distinguishable, indicating that the Abeta(40) species is the main component for vascular amyloid. Furthermore, we found Abeta(42/43) immunoreactivity was also much increased in amyloid angiopathy of all cases with HCHWA-D. Taken together, amyloid angiopathy in HCHWA-D may share an Abeta(42)-driven deposition mechanism with plaque amyloid, resulting in enhanced Abeta(40) deposition.