gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinoids: Potent regulators of metabolism (2012)

Retinoids (vitamin A and its analogs) are highly potent regulators of cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Because of these activities, retinoids have been most extensively studied in the contexts of embryonic development and of proliferative diseases, especially cancer and skin disease. Recently, there has been considerable new research interest focused on gaining understanding of the roles that retinoids and/or retinoid-related proteins may have in the development of metabolic diseases, primarily obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. This review will summarize recent advances that have been made in these areas, focusing on the role of retinoids in modulating adipogenesis, the roles of retinoids and retinoid-related proteins as signaling molecules linking obesity with the development of type II diabetes, the roles of retinoids in pancreatic β-cell biology/insulin secretion, and the actions of retinoids in hepatic steatosis.
Acid and base hydrolysis of lipid A fromEnterobacter agglomerans as monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Pertinence to detoxification mechanisms (1996)

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are endotoxins found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, are common components of organic dusts that cause or contribute to symptoms associated with organic dust diseases. The lipid A subgroup within LPS is believed to be responsible for the toxicity. Acid and base treatments, which can be effective detoxification methods, were performed on lipid A from Enterobacter agglomerans (EA), a bacterium commonly found in field cotton. Negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was employed to characterize the post-treatment structural changes to lipid A. Acid treatment (1% acetic acid, 100 degrees C) hydrolyzed the ester side-chains of lipid A. It was found that the ester-linked palmitoyl group was the most labile to acid hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of the palmitoyl moiety conformed to pseudo-first-order chemical reaction kinetics with a rate constant for decomposition of heptacyl-lipid A from Enterobacter agglomerans of approximately 3.3 x 10(-3) min-1. An order of lability of lipid A acyl side-chains to acid hydrolysis was also deduced: R4' (palmitoyl) > R1' (myristoyl or hydroxymyristoyl) > R3 (hydroxymyristoyl at position 3) > R1 (oxymyristoyl group at position 3') > R2' (lauroyl). Base treatment (0.05 M NaOH in 95% EtOH, 65 degrees C) was shown to be more effective at cleaving ester-linked side-chains. In addition, mass spectral evidence suggests that opening of the pyranose rings of the disaccharide backbone of lipid A and/or removal of the phosphoryl groups may be occurring during base treatment. This study sheds light on mechanistic aspects of treatment procedures leading to the detoxification of endotoxins.
Carrier Phase Recovery for 16-QAM Using QPSK Partitioning and Sliding Window Averaging (2014)

This letter presents the carrier phase recovery for 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) optical coherent systems using the quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) partitioning with sliding window averaging and differential decoding. We assess the increase in linewidth tolerance achievable with sliding window averaging as opposed to block averaging. Simulation results demonstrate that combined linewidth symbol duration product, Δv · T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> , 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> is tolerable at the target bit error ratio (BER) of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> for a penalty of 0.6 and 0.8 dB, respectively, compared with the theoretical limit with differential decoding. The impact of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) resolution on the performance of the QPSK partitioning algorithm is also investigated. Finally, the performance of the algorithm using the measured phase noise for a distributed feedback (DFB) laser is presented for different values of Δv · T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> . We show that for Δv · T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> > 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> , the penalty of block averaging is > 0.5 dB with respect to sliding window averaging at the target BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> with the measured phase noise. The degradation associated with block averaging at the target BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> is shown to be less significant compared to sliding window averaging.
Cloning and characterization of a rat brain receptor that binds the endogenous neuromodulator γ‐hydroxybutyrate (2003)

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an endogenous neuromodulator with therapeutical applications in anesthesia, sleep disorders, and drug addiction. We report the cloning of a GHB receptor from a rat hippocampal cDNA library. This receptor has a molecular mass of 56 kDa and belongs to the seven-transmembrane receptor family. The peptidic sequence has no significant homology with any known receptor, including GABA(B) receptors. Its mRNA is restricted to the brain and is particularly abundant in the hippocampus, cortex, striatum, thalamus, olfactory bulbs, and cerebellum, matching the distribution of GHB binding sites in rat brain. Southern blot revealed the presence of homologous sequences in several species including the human. Binding assays on transfected CHO cells showed a dissociation constant (Kd) of 426 nM for GHB and no affinity for GABA, baclofen, or glutamate. In patch-clamp experiments, transfected CHO cells revealed a functional G-protein-coupled receptor as demonstrated by GTP-gamma-S-induced irreversible activation. Application of 0.1-15 microM GHB specifically induced an inward current at negative membrane potentials that was not reproduced by application of baclofen (10 microM). CGP-55845, a GABA(B) receptor antagonist, did not inhibit the GHB-induced response nor did the GHB receptor antagonist NCS-382, suggesting that the GHB receptor system includes several subtypes.
Spectral characteristics of Si light emitting diodes in a 0.8 μm BiCMOS technology (2002)

It is well known that silicon diodes biased in the avalanche breakdown region of operation emit visible light. Silicon light sources in monolithic optoelectronic systems will only be used on a large scale if the devices can be easily integrated with other circuits in the standard VLSI technology. This paper investigates the spectral properties of silicon diode light sources in a 0.8 /spl mu/m BiCMOS technology. The light sources include both avalanche and field emission breakdown devices, and it Is shown that the breakdown mechanism has a significant effect on the spectral properties of the diodes. The emitted light patterns as defined by the layout also play a role, and evidence is provided that point sources have more long wavelength emission than line sources. The emission originating from bulk diodes, e.g. the buried layer, is also compared to the emission from surface-dominated junctions, and a definite shift in spectra towards longer wavelengths is observed.
Acetate Promotes T Cell Effector Function during Glucose Restriction (2019)

Competition for nutrients like glucose can metabolically restrict T cells and contribute to their hyporesponsiveness during cancer. Metabolic adaptation to the surrounding microenvironment is therefore key for maintaining appropriate cell function. For instance, cancer cells use acetate as a substrate alternative to glucose to fuel metabolism and growth. Here, we show that acetate rescues effector function in glucose-restricted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Mechanistically, acetate promotes histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility and enhances IFN-γ gene transcription and cytokine production in an acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS)-dependent manner. Ex vivo acetate treatment increases IFN-γ production by exhausted T cells, whereas reducing ACSS expression in T cells impairs IFN-γ production by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor clearance. Thus, hyporesponsive T cells can be epigenetically remodeled and reactivated by acetate, suggesting that pathways regulating the use of substrates alternative to glucose could be therapeutically targeted to promote T cell function during cancer.
Convolutional operators in the time-frequency domain (2017)

Dans le cadre de la classification de sons,cette thèse construit des représentations du signal qui vérifient des propriétés d’invariance et de variabilité inter-classe. D’abord, nous étudions le scattering temps- fréquence, une représentation qui extrait des modulations spectrotemporelles à différentes échelles. Enclassification de sons urbains et environnementaux, nous obtenons de meilleurs résultats que les réseaux profonds à convolutions et les descripteurs à court terme. Ensuite, nous introduisons le scattering en spirale, une représentation qui combine des transformées en ondelettes selon le temps, selon les log-fréquences, et à travers les octaves. Le scattering en spirale suit la géométrie de la spirale de Shepard, qui fait un tour complet à chaque octave. Nous étudions les sons voisés avec un modèle source-filtre non stationnaire dans lequel la source et le filtre sont transposés au cours du temps, et montrons que le scattering en spirale sépare et linéarise ces transpositions. Le scattering en spirale améliore lesperformances de l’état de l’art en classification d’instruments de musique. Outre la classification de sons, le scattering temps-fréquence et le scattering en spirale peuvent être utilisés comme des descripteurspour la synthèse de textures audio. Contrairement au scattering temporel, le scattering temps-fréquence est capable de capturer la cohérence de motifs spectrotemporels en bioacoustique et en parole, jusqu’à une échelle d’intégration de 500 ms environ. À partir de ce cadre d’analyse-synthèse, une collaboration artscience avec le compositeur Florian Hecker
Smart Glasses to Support Maritime Pilots in Harbor Maneuvers (2015)

The task of maritime pilots is to support safe navigation of ships, e.g. in port waters, and berthing in harbors. Contemporary ships tend to become continually larger due to economic needs. This trend makes the job of pilots more and more challenging. As a consequence the need for electronic support specifically tailored to pilots’ practical requirements grows. The paper will present a graphical user interface design based on Smart Glasses to support pilots in harbor maneuvers. In many harbors, pilots are already supported by Portable Pilot Units (PPUs) usually displaying navigational information on a tablet or laptop. These devices require pilots to look down and to move their gaze away from the most important information source, the direct ship environment. Smart Glasses would allow the pilot to continually look outside of the window and thereby keep focused on the relevant working context. The graphical design has been developed using the well-established Ecological Interface Design (EID) method [16]. This approach has the aim to create interfaces which provide assistance to detect and solve problems especially in unforeseen situations. In accordance with the EID approach we performed a Work Domain Analysis and developed an abstraction hierarchy of the ship in its environment. Additionally, we conducted empirical studies to derive interface requirements in close cooperation with pilots from different harbors in Germany. The interface design takes into account the complete socio-technical system consisting of pilot, vessel, vessel crew, and supporting tugs and tug masters. A prototype has been developed on state-of-the-art Smart Glass devices. The design has finally been evaluated using a scenario-based interview technique. This evaluation underlined the promising opportunities of Smart Glasses for pilots and allowed to derive further requirements to tailor the design even more to the practical needs of pilots.
Ascorbate induction of collagen synthesis as a means for elucidating a mechanism of quantitative control of tissue-specific function. (1981)

Ascorbic acid displays the characteristics of an ideal inducer of tissue-specific function in primary avian tendon cells in culture. It is a highly specific, potent stimulator of collagen synthesis, it demonstrates slow reversible kinetics, and it has no effect on growth rate of the cultured cells. Kinetic analysis of ascorbate induction of collagen synthesis was used to determine the critical steps in this complex biosynthetic pathway. Full hydroxylation of the proline residues in collagen, although probably a necessary step for collagen induction, was in itself not sufficient for achieving either increased secretion or increased synthesis. On the other hand, an increase in secretion rate, which required both the presence of ascorbate and a high cell density, did correlate with the later stimulation in procollagen production. The process of procollagen secretion, therefore, meets the minimal requirements for the rate-limiting step. The fact that the cells maintained a large pool of intracellular procollagen despite changes in the rates of translation or secretion led us to postulate a possible feedback between the level of the internal procollagen pool and the rate of procollagen synthesis.
Synthesis and characterization of ferroelectric liquid-crystalline polysiloxanes and polymethacrylates containing [(S)-2-methyl-1-butoxy]phenyl 4-(alkyloxy)biphenyl-4'-carboxylate side groups (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of ferroelectric liquid-crystalline polysiloxanes and polymethacrylates containing [(S)-2-methyl-1-butoxy]phenyl 4-(alkyloxy)biphenyl-4'-carboxylate side groupsChain Shu Hsu, Jhy Horung Lin, Ling Rong Chou, and Ging Ho HsiueCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 26, 7126–7134Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00052a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00052a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Brillouin scattering in multi-core optical fibers for sensing applications (2015)

We measure the Brillouin gain spectra in two cores (the central core and one of the outer cores) of a ~3-m-long, silica-based, 7-core multi-core fiber (MCF) with incident light of 1.55 μm wavelength, and investigate the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) and its dependence on strain and temperature. The BFSs of both the cores are ~10.92 GHz, and the strain- and temperature-dependence coefficients of the BFS in the central core are 484.8 MHz/% and 1.08 MHz/°C, respectively, whereas those in the outer core are 516.9 MHz/% and 1.03 MHz/°C. All of these values are not largely different from those in a silica single-mode fiber, which is expected because the cores are basically composed of the same material (silica). We then analyze the difference in structural deformation between the two cores when strain is applied to the fiber, and show that it does not explain the difference in the BFS dependence of strain in this case. The future prospect on distributed strain and temperature sensing based on Brillouin scattering in MCFs is finally presented.
Anisotropy of the Porous Layer Formation Rate in Silicon with Various Acceptor Concentrations (2013)

The orientation dependence of porous Si formation rate has been studied by local anodization of p-Si wafers with a boron concentration N B = 3·10 15 - 2·10 19 cm -3 at various currents with the help of a wagon wheel technique. It is demonstrated that the etch rate diagram is drastically transformed as the dopant concentration in p-Si is changed. The highest etch rate is observed in the <100> direction for heavily doped p ++ -Si, whereas for p + -Si with N B < 2·10 18 cm -3 , <111> axis becomes the fastest direction. Further decrease in the doping level makes the anisotropy weaker, and at N B <2·10 16 cm -3 , the anodization rate becomes nearly independent of the crystallographic orientation. For all the impurity concentrations in the substrate, the anisotropy is the strongest in the case of anodization at low currents and gradually decreases with increasing current density.
Effect of filler content and surface treatment on the tensile properties of glass-bead-filled polypropylene composites (2000)

The tensile properties of polypropylene (PP) filled with two A-glass beads with the same size, PP/3000 (glass bead surface pretreated with a silane coupling agent) and PP/3000U (no surface pretreatment), have been measured by using an Instron materials testing machine at room temperature, to identify the effects of the filler surface pretreatment and its content on the tensile properties of these composites. The results show that the Young's modulus Ec of the composites increases non-linearly with increasing volume fraction of glass beads ϕf, while the tensile yield strength σyc and tensile stress at break σbc of the composites decrease with an increase of ϕf, in the ϕf range 0–30%. Furthermore, the values of Ec and σbc of the PP/3000 system are somewhat higher than those of the PP/3000U system under the same test conditions, but this is in contrast to the tensile strain at break εbc and tensile fracture energy Ebc, especially at higher ϕf values. Good agreement is shown between the measured tensile strength and the predicted value by using an equation proposed in previous work. In addition, εbc and Ebc reach maximum values at ϕf = 25% for both systems. This indicates that there is a brittle–ductile transition for the composites in tension. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Reduction of Electromigration-Induced Failure in Aluminum Metallization Through Anodization (1971)

Anodization of aluminum metallization was studied as a means of improving resistance to electromigration-induced failure. Strips of evaporated aluminum 1 μm thick, 0.6 mil wide and of various lengths were formed on oxidized silicon wafers. Following anodization to a thickness of about 0.2 μm, samples were lifetested at ≥ 150°C with current densities in the 106 A/cm2 range. Lifetimes were improved by factors of 7-14 over those of nonanodized aluminum for test at 220°C with a current density of 8 × 105 A/cm2. Improvement was more pronounced at lower temperatures and for shorter strips. These effects are discussed in terms of mechanisms such as limited vacancy supply, reduced electrotransport rate or reduced density of void-nucleating sites.
Single plate separation of lung phospholipids including disaturated phosphatidylcholine. (1983)

We have developed an improved thin-layer chromatographic method for separation of lung phospholipids. Individual phospholipids are completely separated in the first dimension. All phospholipids, except phosphatidylcholine, are then removed. The phosphatidylcholine-containing area is reacted with osmium tetroxide and saturated phosphatidylcholine species are separated from the unsaturated oxidation products by subsequent chromatography in the second dimension. This method should prove useful in studies on lung surfactant metabolism and secretion, in prediction of fetal lung maturity by analysis of amniotic fluid phospholipids, and in studies on surfactant obtained by bronchoscopy in adult lung diseases.
Studies on a cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase and its proenzyme in mammalian tissues. I. Purification and characterization of an active enzyme from bovine cerebellum. (1977)

A protein kinase which phosphorylated histone and protamine was partially purified from bovine cerebellum. Casein and phosvitin were inert as substrates. The enzyme did not require any cyclic nucleotide. A sulfhydryl compound such as 2-mercaptoethanol, glutathione, or cysteine was necessary for the reaction. The optimum pH was 8.5 to 9.0 Km values for ATP and whole histone were 3.3 X 10(-6) M and 150 microgram/ml, respectively. The optimum concentration of Mg2+ varied with histone fractions employed; with H2B histone as substrate the enzyme was most active at 50 to 100 nM Mg2", whereas with H1 and H2A histones the maximum activity was observed at 5 to 10 mM Mg2+ and with H3 and H4 histones the enzyme was active over a range of 5 to 75 mM Mg2+. The enzyme phosphorylated Ser-32 and Ser-36 in H2B histone and Ser-38 in H1 histone, although the reaction with Ser-36 in H2B histone was very slow. The molecular weight was 6.4 X 10(4). The sedimentation coefficient and Stokes radium were about 4.5 and 29 A, respectively. The enzyme showed heterogeneity upon isoelectrofocusing electrophoresis with isoelectric points of 5.6, 6.0, and 6.6. The enzyme was not inhibited by protein inhibitor nor by the regulatory subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Preliminary analysis suggested that the enzyme was produced from its precursor protein by a limited proteolytic reaction.
Characterization of the VirG binding site of<i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> (1990)

Expression of Agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence (vir) genes is dependent on the presence of a conserved 'vir box' sequence in their 5' nontranscribed regions. The location and number of these sequences vary considerably in different vir genes. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify the functional vir box(es) of virB, virC and virD. For virB expression both vir box B1 and B2 are required but only the vir box B1 is absolutely essential. Of the five vir boxes of virC and virD two are required for virC expression while only one vir box is required for virD expression. To investigate the minimum sequences necessary for vir gene induction a deletion derivative of virE that lacks the vir box region was used. This mutant is not induced by acetosyringone. The inducibility of this promoter was restored when a synthetic deoxyoligonucleotide dGTTTCAATTGAAAC was introduced at a location analogous to that of the wild type vir box sequence. Mutational analysis indicate that the functional vir box sequence is 14 residues in length, contains a dyad symmetry and has the consensus sequence d ryTncAaTTGnAaY [corrected] (r = purine, y = pyrimidine).
Phase unwrapping by a lookup table method: application to phase maps with singular points (1999)

Phase unwrapping by a lookup table method has been used to analyze the phase map with singular points that is derived from a multiple-spatial-carrier-frequency fringe pattern. The phase unwrapping can be performed independently on a pixel-by-pixel basis without refer- ence to the phase values of neighboring pixels, and is relatively insensi- tive to errors. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate the validity of the principle. © 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(99)02812-3)