gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Ultrasound-Based Liquid Pressure Measurement Method in Small Diameter Pipelines Considering the Installation and Temperature (2015)

Liquid pressure is a key parameter for detecting and judging faults in hydraulic mechanisms, but traditional measurement methods have many deficiencies. An effective non-intrusive method using an ultrasound-based technique to measure liquid pressure in small diameter (less than 15 mm) pipelines is presented in this paper. The proposed method is based on the principle that the transmission speed of an ultrasonic wave in a Kneser liquid correlates with liquid pressure. Liquid pressure was calculated using the variation of ultrasonic propagation time in a liquid under different pressures: 0 Pa and X Pa. In this research the time difference was obtained by an electrical processing approach and was accurately measured to the nanosecond level through a high-resolution time measurement module. Because installation differences and liquid temperatures could influence the measurement accuracy, a special type of circuit called automatic gain control (AGC) circuit and a new back propagation network (BPN) model accounting for liquid temperature were employed to improve the measurement results. The corresponding pressure values were finally obtained by utilizing the relationship between time difference, transient temperature and liquid pressure. An experimental pressure measurement platform was built and the experimental results confirm that the proposed method has good measurement accuracy.
A 930 MHz CMOS DC-offset-free direct-conversion 4-FSK receiver (2002)

Although direct-conversion has potential for high integration and low cost, it is plagued by issues ranging from DC offset to flicker noise. While most recent integrated single-chip direct conversion receivers concentrate on wideband applications where flicker noise and DC offset can be filtered out without affecting performance, focus here is on a narrow-band application using CMOS technologies. This effort is to fully integrate RF and baseband circuitry for a narrow-band application such as a high-speed pager, which uses a 4-FSK modulation scheme. The receiver overcomes the problem using a harmonic mixing and a DC-offset cancellation.
The monocyte differentiation antigen, CD14, is anchored to the cell membrane by a phosphatidylinositol linkage. (1988)

CD14 is a myeloid differentiation Ag expressed primarily on peripheral blood monocytes and macrophages. Although its function is unknown, the CD14 gene maps to a region encoding several myeloid growth factors and receptors. Analysis of the CD14 protein sequence deduced from the cDNA shows that although the CD14 protein contains a characteristic leader peptide, it lacks a characteristic transmembrane region, suggesting that CD14 may be anchored to the membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (PI). Treatment of monocytes as well as a CD14-expressing neuroglioma cell line with PI-phospholipase C removed CD14 from the cell surface. Furthermore, monocytes from a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, a disease characterized by lack of expression of other PI-linked proteins, failed to express CD14. Interestingly, the CD14-expressing neuroglioma cell line, which had been transfected with a single CD14 cDNA, released a soluble form of CD14 into the supernatant. Soluble forms of CD14 have previously been observed in serum of normal individuals and in culture supernatants of CD14+ cells. Biosynthetic experiments reveal that this soluble form of CD14 (48 kDa), which is smaller than the form released from the membrane by PI-phospholipase C (53 kDa), does not contain ethanolamine, the first constitutent of the PI-anchoring system. These studies demonstrate that CD14 is a member of the family of PI-anchored proteins and suggest that soluble forms of CD14 represent molecules that completely lack the PI-anchoring system.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Using Glycosyltransferases (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biology and epidemiology of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>in man and animals (2005)

Toxoplasma gondii is a coccidian parasite which utilizes felids as definitive hosts, and which has an unusually wide intermediate host range. The parasite was initially described by Nicolle and Manceaux in 1908 from the rodent, Ctenodactylus gundi. Infection with T. gondii is one of the most common parasitic infections of man and other warm-blooded animals. It has been found worldwide from Alaska to Australia. Nearly one-third of humanity has been exposed to this parasite; serologic surveys indicate that T. gondii infections are common in wild carnivores, including pigs, bears, felids, fox, raccoons, and skunks. Clinical and subclinical toxoplasmosis has been reported from wild cervids, ungulates, marsupials, monkeys, and marine mammals. Southern sea otter populations have been severely impacted by Toxoplasma infections.
The amyloid precursor protein of Alzheimer’s disease and the Aβ peptide (1999)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of beta amyloid peptides in plaques and vessel walls and by the intraneuronal accumulation of paired helical filaments composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. In this review, we concentrate on the biology of amyloid precursor protein, and on the central role of amyloid in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is part of a super-family of transmembrane and secreted proteins. It appears to have a number of roles, including regulation of haemostasis and mediation of neuroprotection. APP also has potentially important metal and heparin-binding properties, and the current challenge is to synthesize all these varied activities into a coherent view of its function. Cleavage of amyloid precursor protein by beta-and gamma-secretases results in the generation of the Abeta (betaA4) peptide, whereas alpha-secretase cleaves within the Abeta sequence and prevents formation from APP. Recent findings indicate that the site of gamma-secretase cleavage is critical to the development of amyloid deposits; Abeta1-42 is much more amyloidogenic than Abeta1-40. Abeta1-42 formation is favoured by mutations in the two presenilin genes (PS1 and PS2), and by the commonest amyloid precursor protein mutations. Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease incorporating various mutations in the presenilin gene now exist, and have shown amyloid accumulation and cognitive impairment. Neurofibrillary tangles have not been reproduced in these models, however. While aggregated Abeta is neurotoxic, perhaps via an oxidative mechanism, the relationship between such toxicity and neurofibrillary tangle formation remains a subject of ongoing research.
3-D Data Processing to Extract Vehicle Trajectories from Roadside LiDAR Data (2018)

High-resolution vehicle data including location, speed, and direction is significant for new transportation systems, such as connected-vehicle applications, micro-level traffic performance evaluation, and adaptive traffic control. This research developed a data processing procedure for detection and tracking of multi-lane multi-vehicle trajectories with a roadside light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor. Different from existing methods for vehicle onboard sensing systems, this procedure was developed specifically to extract high-resolution vehicle trajectories from roadside LiDAR sensors. This procedure includes preprocessing of the raw data, statistical outlier removal, a Least Median of Squares based ground estimation method to accurately remove the ground points, vehicle data clouds clustering, a principle component-based oriented bounding box method to estimate the location of the vehicle, and a geometrically-based tracking algorithm. The developed procedure has been applied to a two-way-stop-sign intersection and an arterial road in Reno, Nevada. The data extraction procedure has been validated by comparing tracking results and speeds logged from a testing vehicle through the on-board diagnostics interface. This data processing procedure could be applied to extract high-resolution trajectories of connected and unconnected vehicles for connected-vehicle applications, and the data will be valuable to practices in traffic safety, traffic mobility, and fuel efficiency estimation.
Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence from Single Fluorophores End-Linked to Gold Nanorods (2010)

We reported a method to fabricate fluorescent probes preferentially end-linked to Au nanorods. In comparison with organic dyes, the single nanocomplexes provide significant improvement in signal brightness. The bioconjugated nanoantenna structure implicates an approach that is more convenient and amenable to integration for photonic, optoelectronic, and biotechnological applications.
Preparation and properties of a silybin-phospholipid complex. (2008)

Due to its poor solubility in water and oil, silybin is hardly absorbed orally and cannot be dissolved directly for parenteral preparations. In this study, a silybin-phospholipid complex was prepared by single-factor design and orthogonal experimental design. Lipophilicity was improved to a large extent, which was determined by solubility experiments and oil/water partition studies. Various methods were used to confirm the formation and explore the properties of the silybin-phospholipid complex, such as UV, IR, ATR, CNMR, XRD,DSC, SEM and TEM. The structure of the phytosome when the complex was dispersed in aqueous solution is suggested.
Cholinergic receptor signaling modulates spontaneous firing of sinoatrial nodal cells via integrated effects on PKA-dependent Ca<sup>2+</sup>cycling and<i>I</i><sub>KACh</sub> (2009)

Prior studies indicate that cholinergic receptor (ChR) activation is linked to beating rate reduction (BRR) in sinoatrial nodal cells (SANC) via 1) a G(i)-coupled reduction in adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity, leading to a reduction of cAMP or protein kinase A (PKA) modulation of hyperpolarization-activated current (I(f)) or L-type Ca(2+) currents (I(Ca,L)), respectively; and 2) direct G(i)-coupled activation of ACh-activated potassium current (I(KACh)). More recent studies, however, have indicated that Ca(2+) cycling by the sarcoplasmic reticulum within SANC (referred to as a Ca(2+) clock) generates rhythmic, spontaneous local Ca(2+) releases (LCR) that are AC-PKA dependent. LCRs activate Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange (NCX) current, which ignites the surface membrane ion channels to effect an AP. The purpose of the present study was to determine how ChR signaling initiated by a cholinergic agonist, carbachol (CCh), affects AC, cAMP, and PKA or sarcolemmal ion channels and LCRs and how these effects become integrated to generate the net response to a given intensity of ChR stimulation in single, isolated rabbit SANC. The threshold CCh concentration ([CCh]) for BRR was approximately 10 nM, half maximal inhibition (IC(50)) was achieved at 100 nM, and 1,000 nM stopped spontaneous beating. G(i) inhibition by pertussis toxin blocked all CCh effects on BRR. Using specific ion channel blockers, we established that I(f) blockade did not affect BRR at any [CCh] and that I(KACh) activation, evidenced by hyperpolarization, first became apparent at [CCh] > 30 nM. At IC(50), CCh reduced cAMP and reduced PKA-dependent phospholamban (PLB) phosphorylation by approximately 50%. The dose response of BRR to CCh in the presence of I(KACh) blockade by a specific inhibitor, tertiapin Q, mirrored that of CCh to reduced PLB phosphorylation. At IC(50), CCh caused a time-dependent reduction in the number and size of LCRs and a time dependent increase in LCR period that paralleled coincident BRR. The phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A reversed the effect of IC(50) CCh on SANC LCRs and BRR. Numerical model simulations demonstrated that Ca(2+) cycling is integrated into the cholinergic modulation of BRR via LCR-induced activation of NCX current, providing theoretical support for the experimental findings. Thus ChR stimulation-induced BRR is entirely dependent on G(i) activation and the extent of G(i) coupling to Ca(2+) cycling via PKA signaling or to I(KACh): at low [CCh], I(KACh) activation is not evident and BRR is attributable to a suppression of cAMP-mediated, PKA-dependent Ca(2+) signaling; as [CCh] increases beyond 30 nM, a tight coupling between suppression of PKA-dependent Ca(2+) signaling and I(KACh) activation underlies a more pronounced BRR.
Cyclic alkylboronates as derivatives for the characterization of cannabinolic acids by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (1977)

Stable cyclic methyl-and n-butylboronates were prepared from the cannabinolic acids and used as derivatives for the characterization of these compounds by combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Retention times of the methylboronates were comparable with those of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. The mass spectra of these derivatives were more characteristic of the cannabinoid skeleton than were the spectra of the trimethylsilyl derivatives where fragmentation was associated with the trimethylsilyl groups. Molecular weights were lower and abundant molecular ions were obtained. These derivatives also offered the possibility of distinguishing between isomeric cannabinolic acids where only isomers possessing adjacent phenolic and carboxylic functions form cyclic boronates.
Semi-supervised Learning on Semantic Manifold for Event Analysis in Dynamic Scenes (2007)

Events can be considered as obvious changes of important properties with semantic meanings. Usually, all these properties are measurable and continual in complex formats and higher dimensions. It is hard to define and measure semantic events on the original observed data. However, according to the perception process of human being, these spatial-temporal continuous data can be mapped onto corresponding smooth manifolds, and different appearances on manifolds can indicate different semantic meanings. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised learning method, which is based on partially labeled data, to map original observed data onto semantic manifolds for events definition and analysis in dynamic scenes. Furthermore we also perform semantic representations for various events in real world scenes. Finally, we present experimental results to evaluate the performance of our method.
Putative Role of Photodimerized Phenolic Acids in Maize Resistance toOstrinia nubilalis(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (1994)

Five genotypes of maize were grown under three light regimes in the field. Artificial infestation with European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), egg masses resulted in greater leaf feeding damage for plants grown under a UV absorbing plastic (UV−) than for the same genotypes grown under UV transmitting (UV+) plastic or in the open. Leaf bioassays performed on tissue from the three different light regimes showed similar trends. Foliar nitrogen content was reduced as much as 15% for UV− plants. 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-l,4-benzoxazin-3-one levels were consistently higher in UV− plants as were the levels of cell-wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA). Light-activated dimers of HCA called truxillic and truxinic acids were lower in UV− plants. These results indicate that cell-wall-bound truxillic and truxinic acids are an additional resistance mechanism that provide an explanation for increased susceptibility of greenhouse grown plants to folivores.
Effect of heliox on lung dynamic hyperinflation, dyspnea, and exercise endurance capacity in COPD patients (2004)

We tested the hypothesis that heliox breathing, by reducing lung dynamic hyperinflation (DH) and dyspnea (Dys) sensation, may significantly improve exercise endurance capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [n = 12, forced expiratory volume in 1 s = 1.15 (SD 0.32) liters]. Each subject underwent two cycle ergometer high-intensity constant work rate exercises to exhaustion, one on room air and one on heliox (79% He-21% O2). Minute ventilation (VE), carbon dioxide output, heart rate, inspiratory capacity (IC), Dys, and arterial partial pressure of CO2 were measured. Exercise endurance time increased significantly with heliox [9.0 (SD 4.5) vs. 4.2 (SD 2.0) min; P < 0.001]. This was associated with a significant reduction in lung DH at isotime (Iso), as reflected by the increase in IC [1.97 (SD 0.40) vs. 1.77 (SD 0.41) liters; P < 0.001] and a decrease in Dys [6 (SD 1) vs. 8 (SD 1) score; P < 0.001]. Heliox induced a state of relative hyperventilation, as reflected by the increase in VE [38.3 (SD 7.7) vs. 35.5 (SD 8.8) l/min; P < 0.01] and VE/carbon dioxide output [36.3 (SD 6.0) vs. 33.9 (SD 5.6); P < 0.01] at peak exercise and by the reduction in arterial partial pressure of CO2 at Iso [44 (SD 6) vs. 48 (SD 6) Torr; P < 0.05] and at peak exercise [46 (SD 6) vs. 48 (SD 6) Torr; P < 0.05]. The reduction in Dys at Iso correlated significantly (R = -0.75; P < 0.01) with the increase in IC induced by heliox. The increment induced by heliox in exercise endurance time correlated significantly with resting increment in resting forced expiratory in 1 s (R = 0.88; P < 0.01), increase in IC at Iso (R = 0.70; P < 0.02), and reduction in Dys at Iso (R = -0.71; P < 0.01). In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heliox breathing improves high-intensity exercise endurance capacity by increasing maximal ventilatory capacity and by reducing lung DH and Dys.
The influence of weak electromagnetic fields on the circadian rhythm in man (1967)

Weak electromagnetic fields effect on human circadian rhythms in underground shielded and unshielded rooms
Isolating Triamcinolone Acetonide Particles for Intravitreal Use with a Porous Membrane Filter (2003)

The filtration and backflush procedure using the 5.0-microm porous membrane filters is useful during vitrectomy to reduce the preparation time of triamcinolone acetonide suspension. Also, this method of reducing additives may be more helpful when using triamcinolone as a therapeutic agent for intravitreal depot use, because there is no washout effect when it is used in this manner.
An algorithm including results of gray‐scale and power Doppler ultrasound examination to predict endometrial malignancy in women with postmenopausal bleeding (2002)

Power Doppler ultrasound can contribute to a correct diagnosis of endometrial malignancy, especially if the endometrium measures 5-15 mm. The use of regression models including power Doppler results to estimate the risk of endometrial cancer deserves further development.
A CMOS track-and-hold circuit with beyond 30 GHz input bandwidth (2012)

To realize future ultra high-speed data converters, sampling circuits with very large bandwidth are required. This paper studies the design of ultra high-speed Track-and-Hold (T/H) circuits. A bootstrapping circuit for T/H is presented. The proposed T/H is simulated in 32 nm SOI-CMOS technology. It achieves an input bandwidth higher than 30 GHz and provides an SNDR higher than 43.8 dB (ENOB > 7.0 b) when sampling a 34 GHz input signal at 10 GS/s.
Review Article: Osteochondral Reconstruction and Grafting (2011)

Osteochondral defects are a challenging problem. Osteochondral reconstruction and grafting techniques potentially benefit both young athletes and elderly osteoarthritis patients. Research on the treatment of osteochondral defects has been carried out, particularly on surgical options, but none shows lasting benefit. More objective evaluation of cartilage injuries and outcomes is needed. We present a review of surgical and non-surgical treatments for osteochondral defects, and their outcomes and costs.
Side-channel resistant AES architecture utilizing randomized composite field representations (2012)

In the recent decade methods and applications of side-channel analysis gain more and more attention for industry applications as well as in academia. The research on counter-measures against power analysis attacks on embedded devices with security-sensitive applications turned out to be a challenging area. Very often the proposed countermeasures consume to much resources in order to increase the barrier to hinder a successful attack. The presented scheme uses randomized isomorphisms of the algebraic construction of the S-box and thus increases the resistance at a very low cost in terms of hardware resources. The resource utilization of the proposed masking scheme is smaller than a standard Boolean masking scheme for FPGAs. Our conducted experiments on the FPGA evaluation platform SASEBO GII demonstrates that we improved the resistance against the common DPA attack about 100 times compared to the non-hardened AES-128 version.
Thermo-Responsive Diblock Copolymers of Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) and Poly(<i>N</i>-vinyl-2-pyrroridone) Synthesized via Organotellurium-Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization (TERP) (2007)

Diblock copolymers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PNVP) (PNIPAMm-b-PNVPn) with well-defined block lengths were successfully synthesized by organotellurium-mediated controlled radical polymerization (TERP) based on the finding that the homopolymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone was better-controlled by TERP than by macromolecular architecture designed by interchange of xanthates (MADIX), TERP resulting in a narrower molecular weight distribution of PNVP. Heat-induced association properties in water of three block copolymers with different block lengths, PNIPAM110-b-PNVP53, PNIPAM110-b-PNVP234, and PNIPAM76-b-PNVP219, were characterized by 1H NMR, turbidity, quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS), and static light scattering (SLS) techniques. All three block copolymers dissolve in water molecularly (as a unimer state) when the solution temperature is below an aggregation temperature (Ta) that is near a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) for the PNIPAM block. Comparing Ta between the two block copolymers of the same the PNIPAM block lengths (DPn = 110), the diblock copolymer with a shorter PNVP block length tend to associate at a lower temperature. On the other hand, the association occurred at a higher temperature for the diblock copolymers with shorter PNIPAM block lengths. When the temperature was raised above Ta, PNIPAM110-b-PNVP234 and PNIPAM76-b-PNVP219 formed apparently spherical core−corona micelles with aggregation numbers (Nagg) of 808 and 298, respectively at 60 °C. In contrast, PNIPAM110-b-PNVP53 formed a much larger aggregate with Nagg = 27 000. This aggregate was speculated to be a multi core aggregate formed by the association of individual core−corona micelles. The copolymers were found to be bound to gold nanoparticles in water through coordination interaction of the PNVP block with Au. The polymer coated gold nanoparticles indicated a temperature-dependent color change arising from a shift of the maximum wavelength of the plasomon band.
Partial Oxidation of n-Octane over Rh-Containing Alumina-Supported Catalysts (2008)

This study has been focused on the partial oxidation(POX) of n-octane over Rh-containing catalysts supported on alumina. The catalysts for this reaction were prepared by incipient wetness(IW) and co-gel(CG) methods, followed by the calcination at or . When applied to the POX of n-octane carried out at with C/O=3 and GHSV=3,450/h, the catalyst prepared by the CG method and calcined at showed the best activity, yielding 42% syngas(+CO) with the /CO ratio of . To enhance the activity and stability of catalysts, bimetallic catalysts were synthesized by the CG method. As a result, the performance of Rh-Ni/ catalyst was superior to that of Rh/ catalyst in terms of the catalyst stability, due to the retarding effect on the Rh-to- transition by the addition of Ni. This result was confirmed by XRD, TEM, and TPR characterizations.