gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myths about suicide notes (1991)

Abstract Research has indicated that the lay public is unaware of essential hallmarks of a suicide note. Furthermore, studies have been unable to isolate what characteristics of suicide notes allow people to perceive a suicide note as genuine. We compared a sample of more or less obvious genuine notes on the basis of what subjects themselves reported to be their basis for selection. The phenomenological findings suggested that people often look for a traumatic event as a key to identifying the suicidal cry. Beyond this characteristic, we found no consistency; rather, people held their own idiosyncratic views, often ones that are myths. Indeed, people had strikingly contradictory perceptions. The results are interpreted to suggest that educating people about suicide notes may be a key to prevention.
Generalized Goppa codes for correcting localized errors (2002)

A new construction for the family of generalized Goppa codes is presented. The parameters of such codes are given.
The effect of sampling strategy on inferred measures (2014)

Using the inferred measures framework is a popular choice for constructing test collections when the target document set is too large for pooling to be a viable option. Within the framework, different amounts of assessing effort is placed on different regions of the ranked lists as defined by a sampling strategy. The sampling strategy is critically important to the quality of the resultant collection, but there is little published guidance as to the important factors. This paper addresses this gap by examining the effect on collection quality of different sampling strategies within the inferred measures framework. The quality of a collection is measured by how accurately it distinguishes the set of significantly different system pairs. Top-K pooling is competitive, though not the best strategy because it cannot distinguish topics with large relevant set sizes. Incorporating a deep, very sparsely sampled stratum is a poor choice. Strategies that include a top-10 pool create better collections than those that do not, as well as allow Precision(10) scores to be directly computed.
Fabrication and electrical characterization of polyaniline-based nanofibers with diameter below 30 nm (2003)

We fabricate and electrically characterize electrospun nanofibers of doped polyaniline/polyethylene oxide (PAn/PEO) blend with sub-30 nm diameter. Fiber diameters near 5 nm are obtained for optimized process parameters. Scanning conductance microscopy (SCM) shows that fibers with diameter below 15 nm are electrically insulating; the small diameter may allow complete dedoping in air or be smaller than phase-separated grains of PAn and PEO. Electrical contacts to nanofibers are made by shadow mask evaporation with no chemical or thermal damage to the fibers. Single fiber I–V characteristics show that thin fibers conduct more poorly than thick ones, in agreement with SCM data. I–Vs of asymmetric fibers are rectifying, consistent with formation of Schottky barriers at the nanofiber-metal contacts.
Transcription of the Contiguous<i>sigB</i>,<i>dtxR</i>, and<i>galE</i>Genes in<i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i>: Evidence for Multiple Transcripts and Regulation by Environmental Factors (2006)

The iron-dependent transcriptional regulator DtxR from Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the prototype for a family of metal-dependent regulators found in diverse bacterial species. The structure of DtxR and its action as a repressor have been extensively characterized, but little is known about expression of dtxR. In the current study, we investigated transcription of dtxR as well as the sigB and galE genes located immediately upstream and downstream from dtxR, respectively. We identified two promoters that determine transcription of dtxR. The first, located upstream of sigB, appears to be controlled by an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor. The second, located in the intergenic region between sigB and dtxR, is similar to promoters used by the primary vegetative sigma factors in other actinomycete species. Using quantitative real-time assays, we demonstrated that the number of transcripts initiated upstream from sigB is affected by several environmental factors. In contrast, the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate was the only factor tested that conclusively affects the number of transcripts initiated in the sigB-dtxR intergenic region. Additionally, we provided evidence for the existence of transcripts that contain sigB, dtxR, and galE. Our studies provide the first quantitative transcriptional analysis of a gene encoding a DtxR family regulator and give new insights into transcriptional regulation in C. diphtheriae.
Cerebral blood volume in a rat model of ischemia by MR imaging at 4.7 T. (1989)

Perturbation of the cerebral circulation by occlusion of the vertebral arteries and a carotid artery can be visualized by using MR imaging and the intravascular contrast agent Gd-DTPA complexed to albumin. This tracer consistently reduced the T1 relaxation time in the brain and blood. The difference between hemispheres was revealed by less T1 reduction in the occluded hemisphere and by an adjustment in the display contrast of images that revealed the territory of decreased perfusion. These results were confirmed by comparing them with cerebral blood flow using radioactive microspheres and the intravascular blood volume tracer 51Cr-EDTA. This method, combined with high-resolution MR imaging, can be applied to serial noninvasive studies of cerebral blood volume in ischemia and other conditions.
A Microtiter Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay for Hepatitis a Antigen and Antibody (1976)

A microtiter solid phase radioimmunoassy for hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) and antibody (anti-HA) was developed. The test was more sensitive than immune adherence hemagglutination for detecting HA Ag and almost as sensitive for detecting anti-HA. The specificity and sensitivity of reagents were examined and optimum conditions for the test were determined. Radioimmunoassay, immune adherence hemagglutination, and immune electron microscopy were compared for detecting anti-HA. A serologic response to HA Ag was detected in paired sera from patients with type A hepatitis but not from patients with type B or non-A, non-B hepatitis by all three techniques.
Microstructure of 96% Alumina Ceramics: III, Crystallization of High‐Calcia Boundary Glasses (1990)

The crystallization characteristics of a group of 96% Al 2 O 3 ceramics containing a high‐CaO boundary glass were examined using a combination of electron microscopy techniques. As many as six crystalline phases formed at the boundaries during anneals between 1000° and 1350°C. Devitrification was rapid, and little glass remained following a 1‐h anneal. Despite the extensive changes in grain‐boundary microstructure, heat treatment had little effect on the room‐temperature mechanical properties of these Al 2 O 3 materials; however, high‐CaO bodies fractured intergranularly, whereas high‐MgO bodies fractured transgranularly.
PIPE LEAKAGE - FUTURE CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS (1999)

Peer reviewed: Yes
An experiment in mixed compilation/interpretation (1992)

One of the classic forms of intermediate representation used for communication between compiler front-ends and back-ends are those based on abstract stack machines. It is possible to compile the stack machine instructions into machine code by means of an interpretive code generator, or to simulate the stack machine at runtime using an interpreter. This paper describes an approach intermediate between these two extremes. The front-end for a commercial Modula 2 compiler was ported to the "industry standard PC", and a partially compiling back-end written. The object code runs with the assistance of an interpreter, but may be linked with libraries which are fully compiled. The intent was to provide a programming environment on the PC which is identical to that of the same compilers on 32-bit UNIX machines. This objective has been met, and the compiler is available to educational institutions as free-ware. The design basis of the new compiler is described, and the performance critically evaluated.
A New and Efficient Method for o‐Quinone Methide Intermediate Generation: Application to the Biomimetic Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Alboatrin. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Post‐thaw viability of cryopreserved peripheral blood stem cells (<scp>PBSC</scp>) does not guarantee functional activity: important implications for quality assurance of stem cell transplant programmes (2016)

Standard quality assurance (QA) of cryopreserved peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) uses post-thaw viable CD34(+) cell counts. In 2013, concerns arose at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) about 8 patients with delayed engraftment following myeloablative chemotherapy with cryopreserved cell rescue, despite adequate post-thaw viable cell counts in all cases. Root cause analysis was undertaken; investigations suggested the freeze process itself was a contributing factor to suboptimal engraftment. Experiments were undertaken in which a single PBSC product was divided into three and cryopreserved in parallel using a control-rate freezer (CRF) or passive freezing method (-80°C freezer) at GOSH, or the same passive freezing at another laboratory. Viable CD34(+) counts were equivalent and adequate in each. Granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming unit assays demonstrated colonies from the products cryopreserved using passive freezing (both laboratories), but no colonies from products cryopreserved using the CRF. The CRF was shown to be operating within manufacturer's specifications with freeze-profile within acceptable limits. This experience has important implications for quality assurance for all transplant programmes, particularly those using cryopreserved products. The failure of post-thaw viable CD34(+) counts, the most widely used routine QA test available, to ensure PBSC function is of great concern and should prompt reassessment of protocols and QA procedures.
Highly Selective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones and Phenols Enabled by Cyclic (Amino)(alkyl)carbene Rhodium Complexes (2015)

Air-stable Rh complexes ligated by strongly σ-donating cyclic (amino)(alkyl)carbenes (CAACs) show unique catalytic activity for the selective hydrogenation of aromatic ketones and phenols by reducing the aryl groups. The use of CAAC ligands is essential for achieving high selectivity and conversion. This method is characterized by its good compatibility with unsaturated ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, amides, and amino acids and is scalable without detriment to its efficiency.
Coccidioidomycosis of the Larynx in Infants and Adults (1977)

Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease endemic to the southwestern United States. The primary form of the disease is relatively benign and many patients, after exposure by inhalation of the sapyrophytic form of the organism, convert from negative to positive skin testing without significant clinical symptoms. The less common disseminated form represents a serious life-threatening disease and can present with granulomatous changes in the larynx. The authors' experience with disseminated coccidioidomycosis presenting in the larynx of adults and infants successfully treated with amphotericin B are presented and discussed.
Cloning and characterization of a basic helix-loop-helix protein expressed in early mesoderm and the developing somites. (1994)

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) heterodimer protein complexes regulate transcription of genes during the processes of differentiation and development. To study the molecular basis of early mesodermal differentiation, we sought to identify bHLH proteins from cells of mesodermal origin. By using an interaction cloning strategy with a radiolabled recombinant bHLH protein, E12, a clone encoding a potential heterodimer partner was isolated from an endothelial cell library. This gene (bHLH-EC2) is most homologous to Twist but shares similarity within the bHLH domain with TAL1 and other members of this family. bHLH-EC2 is expressed in cultured endothelial cells and in embryonic stem cell, erythroleukemia, and muscle cell lines in a differentiation-dependent manner. In situ hybridization studies of mouse embryos reveal that bHLH-EC2 is expressed throughout the primitive mesoderm as early as 7.5 days postcoitum. Expression then becomes restricted to the paraxial mesoderm and to the dermamyotome of the developing somite. Expression of bHLH-EC2 in cells destined to become myoblasts thus predates expression of myogenic bHLH factors. bHLH-EC2 is expressed in early endothelial and hematopoietic cells in vivo, as shown by RNA studies of embryonic yolk sac and cultured cells derived from yolk sac explants. These findings suggest that bHLH-EC2 plays a role in the development of multiple cell types derived from the primitive mesoderm.
An efficient laser pulser using ferrite magnetic switches (1988)

An all-solid-state pulser for the excitation of repetitively pulsed gas lasers is described which uses thyristor switching followed by a ferrite core pulse transformer and a four-stage pulse compression system using DC biased ferrite magnetic switches. An analysis of energy losses in the complex high voltage circuit is made, and an energy conversion efficiency of 73% overall is shown to be obtained, using commercially available ferrite materials. Interfacing of the circuit to the TEA CO2 laser is discussed.
Further study on a magnetically filtered multicusp ion source (1982)

An optimized permanent magnet filter geometry has been determined for a multicusp ion source operated with hydrogen gas. By applying a negative bias potential to the plasma grid, energetic secondary electrons are produced which can generate molecular hydrogen ions in the extraction chamber and thus reduce the H+ ion fraction in the extracted beam. Both the atomic species percentage and the ion current density can be improved by the addition of 16-eV electrons into the extraction chamber. It is also observed that once started, the discharge can be maintained with only the extraction chamber and the plasma grid acting as the anode. Thus the total discharge current can pass through the filter in the form of cold electrons.
Membrane response to current pulses in spheroidal aggregates of embryonic heart cells. (1975)

Hearts from chick embryos aged 4,7, or 14 days were dissociated into their component cells, and the cells allowed to reassociate in the form of smooth-surfaced spheroidal aggregates on a gyratory shaker. Records from intracellular electrodes inserted into two widely spaced cells in a spontaneously beating aggregate indicated that the action potentials occurred virtually simultaneously. In aggregates made quiescent with tetrodotoxin, the voltage response to a current pulse injected in one cell could be noted by recording with a second microelectrode at various distance from the current source. The magnitude of the response was found not to vary with distance. It is concluded that the component cells in an aggregate are normally tightly coupled electrically; the cell boundaries do not constitute an appreciable resistive barrier. Such ag-regates behave as virtually isopential systems, with properties similar to those of single spherical cells, as modeled by Eisenberg and Engel (1970. J. Gen. Physiol. 55:736-757). Passive membrane time constant ranged from 11 to 31 ms, with a mean value of 17 ms; this value did not vary with aggregate size. Input resistance (V/I) varied inversely with aggregate size, as predicted, but with much scatter in the measured values. Specific membrane resistance was calculated as either 13,000 or 800 ohm-cm2 depending on whether input resistance was attributed to the total cell surface membrane area or to the outer surface of the sphere alone. No systematic difference in passive electrical properties of aggregates composed of 4-, 7-, and 14-day cells was seen. It is concluded that these aggregates may be suitable for voltage clamp analysis of their excitable membrane properties.
A Unified Approach to Superresolution and Multichannel Blind Deconvolution (2007)

This paper presents a new approach to the blind deconvolution and superresolution problem of multiple degraded low-resolution frames of the original scene. We do not assume any prior information about the shape of degradation blurs. The proposed approach consists of building a regularized energy function and minimizing it with respect to the original image and blurs, where regularization is carried out in both the image and blur domains. The image regularization based on variational principles maintains stable performance under severe noise corruption. The blur regularization guarantees consistency of the solution by exploiting differences among the acquired low-resolution images. Several experiments on synthetic and real data illustrate the robustness and utilization of the proposed technique in real applications.
Dual protease inhibitor therapy in the management of the HIV-1 (2000)

Throughout the first 20 years of the HIV-1 epidemic, there have been tremendous advances in the development of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 1995, the availability of protease inhibitors (PI) as part of triple drug regimens resulted in durable viral suppression with an associated decline in HIV-1-related morbidity and mortality. Despite this early success, limitations of therapy have become apparent. In particular, the need for highly potent antiviral regimens, the importance of outstanding adherence to therapy, drug-related toxicity and the increasing problem of drug-drug and drug-food interactions. Dual PI therapy has been investigated with the hope of overcoming these problems. Select PI combinations may result in synergistic antiviral activity with enhanced viral suppression. Moreover, the ability of select agents to inhibit the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system results in pharmacologic enhancement that allows for dosing with fewer pills on a less frequent basis, both of which can enhance drug adherence. Furthermore, these pharmacologic interactions can overcome drug-drug and drug-food interactions. Finally, the ability to increase drug levels using certain PI combinations may allow for drug concentrations to exceed those needed to inhibit resistant strains of HIV-1. The rationale for using dual PI therapy, along with the results of clinical trials using various PI combinations in treatment-naïve and experienced patients, is reviewed in this article.
The immunity of upper airways. (2010)

A specialized immune system, called the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), is located on the mucosal surface of upper airways and is composed of both innate and specific immunity elements, closely related to each other and to the systemic defence, and spread over the nasopharynx, the nose and the middle ear. The NALT has a major role as regards to the infectious diseases of this area, which are the most common in children. It is also an interesting field of experimentation for new vaccine strategies in the future.
Study of mixed mode scenarios with IEEE 802.11 networks and Bluetooth network (2009)

Wireless networks are increasingly being implemented and its acceptance in the society is booming. In this paper, the performance analysis of 802.11 networks was done for different standards like IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g in different scenarios. The throughput and traffic dropped for such networks in homogeneous and heterogeneous groupings were studied. Also Bluetooth nodes were tested with 802.11b nodes and the network performance was analyzed. Observations on performance were eventually done based on these network simulations that were implemented using existing network models.
Bortezomib in Combination with Conventional Chemotherapeutic Agents for Multiple Myeloma Compared with Bortezomib Alone (2007)

Bortezomib in combination with common chemotherapeutic agents is more active in the treatment of relapsed, refractory MM than with bortezomib alone. However, more effective post-bortezomib treatment is needed to reduce the rate of disease progression particularly in patients with high tumor burden.
A substrate-plate trench-capacitor (SPT) memory cell for dynamic RAM's (1986)

A (dynamic random-access memory) DRAM cell using a trench capacitor with a grounded substrate plate has been demonstrated, fabricated of functional fully decoded 64K arrays. The cell array is located inside the well and the trench capacitor extends from the planar surface through the well and epitaxial layer into the heavily doped substrate. The polysilicon inside the trench, connected to the source region of the transfer device, is used as the storage node and the bulk silicon surrounding the trench serves as the capacitor plate electrode. The cell features small area, high capacitance, small leakage current, low soft error rate, reduced surface topography, and a very stable capacitor-plate electrode. The arrays were fabricated in an advanced, 3.3-V, n-well epitaxial CMOS technology with a 15-nm gate insulator. The n- and p-channel transistors, exhibit transconductances of 120 and 650 mS/mm, respectively, at effective channel lengths of 6.0 /spl mu/m. Ring oscillators designed at this length have delays of 170 ps at 3.3 V.
A hitherto unrecognized biochemical difference between human milk and cow's milk. (1953)

The biochemical differences between human milk and cows milk are examined. Certain parameters are graphed. Although human milk causes intestinal flora high in the prevalence of Lactobacillus bifidus and a fecal pH which is acid in contrast to cows milk which produces a neutral or even alkaline fecal pH and a mixed flora attempts to relate these differences to the different chemical composition of the 2 milks have been only partially successful. The growth activity of human milk is 40 times greater than that of cows milk. The average relative activity was highest for human colostrum closely followed by rat colostrum then by human milk rat milk and cows colostrum. All other milks tested especially the milk from ruminants such as cows sheep and goats showed little activity. Guinea pig milk was inactive. It is especially interesting that colostrum is much richer in microbiological growth factors than late milk. It was also found that the ammonium salts have some growth-promoting activity. This microbiological growth factor differs from all known vitamins and growth factors. (summary in SPA)
Polyureas from diamines and carbon dioxide: synthesis, structures and properties (2011)

Polyureas were synthesized from diamines and carbon dioxide in the absence of any catalyst or solvent, analogous to the synthesis of urea from condensation of ammonia with carbon dioxide. The method used carbon dioxide as a carbonyl source to substitute highly toxic isocyanates for the synthesis of polyureas. FTIR and DFT calculations confirmed that strong bidentate hydrogen bonds were formed between urea motifs, and XRD patterns showed that the PUas were highly crystalline and formed a network structure through hydrogen bonds, which served as physical cross-links. The long chain PUas presented a microphase separated morphology as characterized by SAXS and showed a high melting temperature above 200 °C. The PUas showed high resistance to solvents and excellent thermal stability, which benefitted from their special network structures. The PUas synthesized by this method are a new kind of functional material and could serve some areas where their analogues with similar functional groups could not be applied.