gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of the IL23/IL17 pathway in inflammatory bowel disease (2011)

The aetiology of IBD is unknown, but available evidence suggests that an aberrant immune response towards the commensal microbial flora is responsible for intestinal inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals. Studies from animal models of intestinal inflammation have greatly advanced our understanding of the immunological basis of IBD. However, translation of results from animal research into human studies is essential in order to improve treatment options and patient quality of life. In this thesis we present the successful introduction of translational studies on human tissue in our laboratory. In particular, we evaluated the role of the IL23/IL17 pathway in the human immune response and its role in IBD. IL23-driven inflammation has been primarily linked to its activity on Th-17 cells; however, work from our laboratory has identified a novel population of IL23-responsive ILC, which are responsible for innate colitis in mice. Here we have analyzed the role of IL23-responsive innate cells in IBD. Our results show increased expression of Th-17 signature genes amongst intestinal CD3- cells in patients with IBD. Furthermore, we observed a marked and selective increase in IL17 producing CD56- ILC in the inflamed intestine of patients with CD. ILC may contribute to intestinal inflammation through secretion of cytokines, such as IL17A and IL17F, and recruitment of other inflammatory cells, representing a novel tissue-specific target for the treatment of IBD. In addition, we present here our preliminary data on the characterization of human intestinal and systemic DC populations. In particular, we aimed to evaluate if in the context of the intestinal microenvironment DC develop specific regulatory features, as observed in murine CD103+ DC. We show that human intestinal DC populations exhibit specific regulatory properties, such as expression of genes associated with TGF-β and RA activity. Furthermore, CD103+ DC are present in the human gut and are characterized by tolerogenic markers. Remarkably, patients with IBD have reduced frequencies of intestinal CD103+ DC, which display a more pro-inflammatory phenotype. Alteration in DC subset composition and functional activity may result in a distort balance between immune effector and regulatory responses, promoting the development of intestinal inflammation.
SILEX : THE FIRST EUROPEAN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION TERMINAL IN ORBIT (1998)

The objectives of SILEX are to perform optical communication link experimentation in orbit and to transmit SPOT-4 imagery to Artemis, which will relay it to the ground via its Ka-band payload. The use of the Artemis satellite in a high geostationary orbit allows communications to be achieved between SPOT-4 and its ground facilities in Europe over a much greater area of the globe than can be achieved directly (Fig. 2).
Plasma DOPA response to levodopa administration in man: Effects of a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (1971)

Plasma DOPA leveLy were determined in depressed patients at various times after oral administration of levodopa with and without a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, D,L‐alpha‐methyl‐dopa‐hydrazine (MK‐485). Pretreatment with MK‐485 caused an approximately tenfold increase in the peak plasma leveLs following a DOPA load. Equivalent plasma levels were achieved with 1/10 the dose of levodopa with use of MK‐485. A significant prolongation of the half‐life of the amino acid in the plasma was aLYo achieved. The increase of plasma DOPA leveLs with MK‐485 is in the same range as the potentiation of clinical effect with this inhibitor.
The checkpoint mechanism in KeyKOS (2003)

KeyKOS is an object-oriented microkernel operating system. KeyKOS achieves persistence of objects by taking frequent system-wide checkpoints of the entire system state to disk. Checkpoints do not interrupt operation of the system for any significant period of time. On restart from a failure, the entire system is restored to the state at the last checkpoint, and processes resume execution as if there had been no interruption. This single mechanism ensures persistence of all objects over many years, maintains security, and achieves a high degree of fault-tolerance. The checkpointed state can be written to tape for off-site back-up, without stopping the system. A journaling mechanism allows data to be committed between checkpoints. Paging of virtual memory is integrated with the checkpoint mechanism, allowing KeyKOS to achieve extremely high disk I/O performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 2-Arylated Cycloalkanones through Dynamic Kinetic Resolution (2004)

Asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-arylcycloalkanones with trans-RuCl2(binap)(1,2-diamine) and t-C4H9OK in 2-propanol selectively gives the corresponding cis-2-arylcycloalkanols in excellent enantiomeric purity and high yield. Two synthetic intermediates of biologically active compounds have been prepared by this method.
Separation techniques: spiral-wound permeators for purification (1982)

Separex Corp., through its subsidiary, Spectrum Separations, Inc., initiated work on membrane gas separation in 1979. Since that time, Spectrum has developed a cellulose acetate membrane and membrane element that exhibit greater selectivity and higher permeation rates for gas separations of commerical interest than previously found. These elements, when inserted into pipes, become part of a modular system capable of processing a wide range of feed flow rates. Up to 6 elements are connected in series in a single, 22-ft (6.7-m) long pipe or tube. A rubber U-cup attached to the element serves to seal the element with the inner diameter of the pressure tube, thereby forcing the feed gas to flow through the element. The pressure tubes usually contain 6 elements each and are mounted in racks on a skid. Commercial-size elements are typically 8 in. (203 mm) in diam by 42 in. (1070 mm) long and contain from 150 to 275 sq ft (14 to 26 sq m) of membrane area.
Selection of observations in signal reconstruction (1993)

In many signal reconstruction problems, the data collection process is often computationally burdensome and expensive, which limits the amount of data that can be collected. In such cases, it is important to know the set of observations that will yield the best possible reconstruction of the signal so that only the most useful data are observed. This choice of observations must be made before actually expending resources to gather the data. If the mapping from the original signal to each observed data point is known, the mapping information can be used for choosing the best combination of observations. Two selection criteria based on the observation equation are defined. Efficient methods for optimizing these criteria with respect to the combination of observations are also proposed. Examples are presented that show that a reconstructed signal can be improved significantly by choosing observations according to these criteria.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Weatherable rigid PVC: The effect of light and thermal stabilizers (1989)

Abstract Rigid PVC compositions used in outdoor applications such as siding, profiles, windows, and soffit predominantly contain a tin mercaptide thermal stabilizer. It is well known that tin mercaptides impart outstanding thermal stability to vinyl compounds, however, it is also well known that they provide only marginal light stability. Mercaptides can be used in these applications primarily because they are combined with high levels of titanium dioxide. They are not well suited for dark colored PVC and compositions without titanium dioxide. These require a more weatherable thermal stabilizer, such as a tin carboxylate. In this paper, principles for formulating rigid weatherable vinyl will be discussed. The influence of thermal stabilizers and the interdependence of light stabilizers and thermal stabilizers on PVC photostability will be emphasized. Data will be presented showing how one can formulate weatherable dark brown and pastel PVC through the use of tin carboxylate thermal stabilizers, the appropriate light stabilizers, and pigments. Traditional approaches to achieving weatherability will be compared to what can be attained by capitalizing on the latest advances in stabilization technology. Finally, methods for reducing TiO 2 concentration will be shown.
First Impressions (2006)

People often draw trait inferences from the facial appearance of other people. We investigated the minimal conditions under which people make such inferences. In five experiments, each focusing on a specific trait judgment, we manipulated the exposure time of unfamiliar faces. Judgments made after a 100-ms exposure correlated highly with judgments made in the absence of time constraints, suggesting that this exposure time was sufficient for participants to form an impression. In fact, for all judgments-attractiveness, likeability, trustworthiness, competence, and aggressiveness-increased exposure time did not significantly increase the correlations. When exposure time increased from 100 to 500 ms, participants' judgments became more negative, response times for judgments decreased, and confidence in judgments increased. When exposure time increased from 500 to 1,000 ms, trait judgments and response times did not change significantly (with one exception), but confidence increased for some of the judgments; this result suggests that additional time may simply boost confidence in judgments. However, increased exposure time led to more differentiated person impressions.
Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Hydrostannation of Acetylenes. Regio- and Stereoselective<i>Trans</i>-Addition of Tributyltin Hydride and Dibutyltin Dihydride (1996)

Lewis acids such as ZrCl(4) or HfCl(4) catalyze the hydrostannation of acetylenes 1 by tributyltin hydride to produce the cis vinylstannanes 2 by regio- and stereoselective anti-hydrostannation. The hydrostannation of acetylenes using dibutyltin dihydride was also catalyzed by ZrCl(4) to give the stereodefined Z-Z divinyltin derivatives 4 by an anti-hydrostannation pathway. The use of nonpolar solvents such as toluene or hexane was essential for obtaining high stereoselectivity and chemical yield. Since ZrCl(4) and HfCl(4) are not soluble in such solvents, the hydrostannations were carried out in a heterogeneous system. The reactions of internal acetylenes with Bu(3)SnH proceeded smoothly, although the use of stoichiometric amounts of ZrCl(4) gave better results. The ZrCl(4)-catalyzed hydrostannation at 0 degrees C gave better yields and stereoselectivities than the reaction at room temperature. To help clalify the reason, the reaction of Bu(3)SnH with ZrCl(4) was monitored by (1)H and (119)Sn NMR spectroscopy, and it was found that Bu(3)SnH reacted with ZrCl(4) at room temperature to afford a mixture of tributyltin hydride, dibutyltin dihydride, and tetrabutyltin.
Derivation of universal logic modules, for n ⩾ 3, by algebraic means (1981)

Universal logic modules (ULMs) are digital circuit configurations which, by appropriate connection to their input terminals, can be made to realise all possible combinational logic functions of a given number of independent binary input variables. The paper describes a method for deriving ULM circuits in general, and in particular considers circuits with three input variables. These are known to need at least five input terminals, and several circuit configurations with this minimum number exist in the literature. The paper discloses five more; four of the five involve negation of the output, but the fifth does not.
RhoA Regulates G1-S Progression of Gastric Cancer Cells by Modulation of Multiple INK4 Family Tumor Suppressors (2009)

RhoA, a member of the Rho GTPase family, has been extensively studied in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, gene transcription, cell cycle progression, and cell transformation. Overexpression of RhoA is found in many malignancies and elevated RhoA activity is associated with proliferation phenotypes of cancer cells. We reported previously that RhoA was hyperactivated in gastric cancer tissues and suppression of RhoA activity could partially reverse the proliferation phenotype of gastric cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated. It has been reported that RhoA activation is crucial for the cell cycle G(1)-S procession through the regulation of Cip/Kip family tumor suppressors in benign cell lines. In this study, we found that selective suppression of RhoA or its effectors mammalian Diaphanous 1 and Rho kinase (ROCK) by small interfering RNA and a pharmacologic inhibitor effectively inhibited proliferation and cell cycle G(1)-S transition in gastric cancer lines. Down-regulation of RhoA-mammalian Diaphanous 1 pathway, but not RhoA-ROCK pathway, caused an increase in the expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1) and p27(Kip1), which are coupled with reduced expression and activity of CDK2 and a cytoplasmic mislocalization of p27(Kip1). Suppression of RhoA-ROCK pathway, on the other hand, resulted in an accumulation of p15(INK4b), p16(INK4a), p18(INK4c), and p19(INK4d), leading to reduced expression and activities of CDK4 and CDK6. Thus, RhoA may use two distinct effector pathways in regulating the G(1)-S progression of gastric cancer cells.
Gas permeation properties of ion‐exchanged faujasite‐type zeolite membranes (1999)

Abstract NaY‐type zeolite membranes were synthesized on a porous support tube by a hydrothermal process. The membranes were ion‐exchanged with Li + and K + ions, and permeances through the membranes were determined for an equimolar mixture of CO 2 and N 2 , as well as for single‐components thereof, at a temperature range of 0–400°C. The permeance to CO 2 showed a maximum at 100°C, but CO 2 /N 2 selectivity decreased with increasing temperature. The zeolite membranes that were exchanged with K + and Li + ions gave higher and lower CO 2 /N 2 selectivities, respectively, than were found for the NaY‐type membrane. The permeation properties of the ion‐exchanged zeolite membranes were analyzed using a sorption–diffusion model. The high CO 2 /N 2 selectivity of the K‐exchanged membranes can be explained by the decrease in N 2 sorptivity for the mixed feed.
DYSGENESIS-INDUCED INSTABILITY OF ROSY LOCUS TRANSFORMATION IN <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i>: ANALYSIS OF EXCISION EVENTS AND THE SELECTIVE RECOVERY OF CONTROL ELEMENT DELETIONS (1985)

Utilizing the method of P-M hybrid dysgenesis-mediated gene transfer to insert rosy locus DNA into various chromosomal locations, we recovered a transformed strain that carries an ry+ transposon inserted in or near the scalloped locus in polytene section 13F on the X chromosome. The resultant product, when stabilized, behaves as a homozygous and hemizygous viable and fertile extreme scalloped allele associated with wild-type expression of the rosy locus. We have labeled this allele, sdry+. This allele has been destabilized by subsequent P-M hybrid dysgenesis, and mutations were recovered that exhibit alterations in the rosy and/or scalloped phenotypes. Representative samples of all phenotypic classes have been characterized by Southern blot analyses of restricted DNA. The most common events are excisions of DNA wholly internal to the transposon and representing sections of rosy DNA. In addition to loss of rosy locus function, such excisions affect the scalloped locus expression.--A second dysgenesis experiment was carried out involving an ry+ transposon inserted in polytene section 16D on the X chromosome. A minimal estimate of the relative frequency of imprecise excisions, determined in this experiment is 75%.--A successful pilot experiment is described that utilizes dysgenic perturbation of the sdry+ allele to select for small deletions of the 5' noncoding region of the rosy locus.
Epidemic based modeling of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (2014)

An epidemic based model was developed to describe the enzymatic hydrolysis of a lignocellulosic biomass, dilute sulfuric acid pretreated corn stover. The process of substrate getting adsorbed and digested by enzyme was simulated as susceptibles getting infected by viruses and becoming removed and recovered. This model simplified the dynamic enzyme "infection" process and the catalysis of cellulose into a two-parameter controlled, enzyme behavior guided mechanism. Furthermore, the model incorporates the adsorption block by lignin and inhibition effects on cellulose catalysis. The model satisfactorily predicted the enzyme adsorption and hydrolysis, negative role of lignin, and inhibition effects over hydrolysis for a broad range of substrate and enzyme loadings. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the incorporation of lignin and other inhibition effects. Our model will be a useful tool for evaluating the effects of parameters during hydrolysis and guide a design strategy for continuous hydrolysis and the associated process control.
Processing Concurrent Graph Analytics with Decoupled Computation Model (2016)

Graph processing systems have been widely used in enterprises like online social networks to process their daily jobs. With the fast growing of social applications, they have to efficiently handle massive concurrent jobs. However, due to the inherent design for a single job, existing systems incur great inefficiency in terms of memory usage, execution and fault tolerance. Motivated by this issue, in this paper we introduce Seraph, a graph processing system that enables efficient job-level parallelism. Seraph is designed based on a decoupled computation model, which decouples both the runtime job data and the computation logic. Decoupling the runtime data allows multiple concurrent jobs to share graph structure data in memory, which fundamentally increases job-level concurrency and reduces fault tolerance overhead. Decoupling computation logic could extend scheduling space, which benefits both execution performance and memory consumption. Seraph adopts a copy-on-write semantic to isolate the graph mutation of concurrent jobs, and a lazy snapshot protocol to generate consistent graph snapshots for jobs submitted at different time. Based on the decoupled model, it provides unified programming interfaces for both synchronous and asynchronous graph applications. Moreover, Seraph implements a lightweight checkpoint mechanism which can tremendously reduce the fault tolerance overhead. The evaluation results show that Seraph significantly outperforms popular systems (such as Giraph, Spark, GraphX and PowerLyra) in both memory usage and job completion time, when executing concurrent graph jobs.
Rational dosages of nutrients have a prolonged effect on learning disabilities. (2000)

The overall results of this study tentatively support the concept that learning disabilities may in some cases be a nutrient-responsive disorder.
Semi-Supervised Singing Voice Separation with Noisy Self-Training (2021)

Recent progress in singing voice separation has primarily focused on supervised deep learning methods. However, the scarcity of ground-truth data with clean musical sources has been a problem for long. Given a limited set of labeled data, we present a method to leverage a large volume of unlabeled data to improve the model's performance. Following the noisy self-training framework, we first train a teacher network on the small labeled dataset and infer pseudo-labels from the large corpus of unlabeled mixtures. Then, a larger student network is trained on combined ground-truth and self-labeled datasets. Empirical results show that the proposed self-training scheme, along with data augmentation methods, effectively leverage the large unlabeled corpus and obtain superior performance compared to supervised methods.
Time-resolved reflectivity measurements of temperature distributions during swept-line electron-beam heating of silicon (1991)

Experiments have been carried out to determine the temperature distributions induced during swept-line electron-beam heating of silicon. In situ measurements of the reflectivity were used to determine the temperature rise, using as a basis the rise in reflectivity exhibited by silicon with increasing temperature. Sweep speeds between 10 and 60 cm/s were studied using line beams between 60 and 300 μm wide. The experimental results were compared with analytic one- and two-dimensional models assuming constant thermal properties, and with a one-dimensional (1D) numerical model which takes into account the variation of heat capacity and thermal conductivity with temperature. The analytic models were used to show the range of conditions over which the 1D approximation could be applied and to quantify the errors introduced as this approximation breaks down. The experimentally measured peak temperatures and those predicted by the numerical model were found to agree to within 5% for conditions where the heat flow was in the 1D regime. For other conditions, the experimental and numerical results were found to differ, but the size of this discrepancy was consistent with the errors introduced by making the 1D approximation in the numerical model.
Conditional Vertical Subsampling-A Technique to Assist in the Coding of Television Signals (1972)

In an interlaced scan television system, the vertical sampling rate of an image can be halved by sampling every other field. Picture elements in the missing fields are replaced in the display by both temporal and vertical interpolation, but the resulting pictures show some visible defects. This paper describes how these defects can be eliminated at the extra cost of fully sampling in selected areas of the picture. For a typical Picturephone® scene with active movement the selected areas make up about 6 percent of the picture elements in the unsampled field. The technique can be combined with a wide variety of interframe-coding techniques. In one particular example in which the television signal is specified as clusters of frame-to-frame differences, the cost of specifying “active” frames (14,000 significant frame differences per frame) is reduced from 68,000 bits to 42,500 bits. This corresponds to a reduction in bit rate from 2 Mbits sec <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> to 1.3 Mbits sec <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> .
Colloidal Systems and Interfaces (1988)

PARTICULATES. Optical Properties----Light Scattering. Kinetic Properties----Rheology. Statistical Properties. Size and Surface Area. Processing Methods for Making Emulsions and Suspensions. INTERFACES. Capillarity of Pure Liquids. The Relation of Capillarity to Phase Diagrams. Surface--active Solutes. Physical Properties of Insoluble Monolayers. Aqueous Solutions of Surface--active Solutes. Surface Activity in Nonaqueous Media. Thermodynamics of Adsorption from Solution. STABILITY OF DISPERSIONS. Forces of Attraction. Forces of Repulsion. Stability of Systems. Kinetics of Coagulation. DISPERSED--PHASED SYSTEMS. Emulsions. Foams. Suspensions. References. Bibliography. Appendix A: Physical Constants. Appendix B: Units. Appendix C: Mathematical Formulas. Appendix D: Electrostatic and Induction Contributions to Intermolecular Potential Energy. Appendix E: Electric Properties of Representative Molecules. Appendix F: Lifetimes of Contributing to Colloid and Interface Science. Appendix G: Kendall Awardees. Appendix H: Electrostatic Units. Appendix J: Manufacturers of Instruments. Appendix K: Manufacturers of Processing Equipment. Index.
Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma (2020)

In this preliminary uncontrolled case series of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 and ARDS, administration of convalescent plasma containing neutralizing antibody was followed by improvement in their clinical status. The limited sample size and study design preclude a definitive statement about the potential effectiveness of this treatment, and these observations require evaluation in clinical trials.