gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Water-in-Water Emulsions by Addition of Protein Particles (2013)

The effect of the addition of protein particles was investigated on the stability of water-in-water emulsions formed by mixing aqueous dextran and poly (ethylene oxide) solutions. Protein particles with hydrodynamic radii ranging from 15 to 320 nm were produced by heating globular proteins in controlled conditions. The structure of the emulsions was visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy using different fluorescent probes to label the dextran phase and the protein particles. It is shown that contrary to native proteins, protein particles adsorb at the interface and can form a monolayer that inhibits fusion of emulsion droplets. In this way, water-in-water emulsions could be stabilized for a period of weeks. The effect of the polymer composition and the protein particle size and concentration was investigated.
Investigation of optimizing and translating pH‐sensitive pulsed‐chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging to a 3T clinical scanner (2008)

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI provides a sensitive detection mechanism that allows characterization of dilute labile protons usually undetectable by conventional MRI. Particularly, amide proton transfer (APT) imaging, a variant of CEST MRI, has been shown capable of detecting ischemic acidosis, and may serve as a surrogate metabolic imaging marker. For preclinical CEST imaging, continuous-wave (CW) radiofrequency (RF) irradiation is often applied so that the steady state CEST contrast can be reached. On clinical scanners, however, specific absorption rate (SAR) limit and hardware preclude the use of CW irradiation, and instead require an irradiation scheme of repetitive RF pulses (pulsed-CEST imaging). In this work, CW- and pulsed-CEST MRI were systematically compared using a tissue-like pH phantom on an imager capable of both CW and pulsed RF irradiation schemes. The results showed that the maximally obtainable pulsed-CEST contrast is approximately 95% of CW-CEST contrast, and their optimal RF irradiation powers are equal. Moreover, the pulsed-CEST sequence was translated to a 3 Tesla clinical scanner and detected pH contrast from the labile creatine amine groups (1.9 ppm). Furthermore, pilot endogenous APT imaging of normal human volunteers was demonstrated, warranting future APT MRI of stroke patients to elucidate its diagnostic value.
Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times for mixtures of ortho- and para-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: High ortho-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>concentration (1989)

We investigate nuclear spin-lattice relaxation for high concentrations of ortho-${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ in a para-${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ matrix for temperatures above the ordering transition and lower than the onset of classical diffusion (2\ensuremath{\lesssim}T\ensuremath{\lesssim}10 K). We use diagrammatic representations of the moments of the electric quadrupole-quadrupole (EQQ) spectral functions which govern the relaxation. We find it practical to calculate the first three nontrivial moments of the EQQ autocorrelation functions. These spectral functions are then obtained via the principle of maximum entropy. The resulting functions predict an EQQ coupling constant of ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\mathrm{eff}=0.92}$ K. We find that much of the uncertainty in this prediction arises from difficulties in extrapolating data to infinite temperature and not from inherent inaccuracy in our moment analysis. We briefly discuss the implications of this calculation to related work.
L-glutamine and L-asparagine stimulate Na+ -H+ exchange in porcine jejunal enterocytes (1994)

L-Glutamine (Gln) is a major respiratory fuel and substrate for nucleic acid synthesis in mammalian intestinal cells. The structurally related amino acid, L-asparagine (Asn), stimulates the proliferative enzyme ornithine decarboxylase in colonocytes, an effect that is blocked by the Na+-H+ exchange inhibitor amiloride. In an epithelial cell line derived from newborn piglet jejunum (IPEC-J2 cells), we determined intracellular pH (pHi) by computer-assisted microfluorimetry in single cells loaded with pH-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)5-(6)- carboxyfluorescein. Resting pHi in N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2- ethanesulfonic acid-buffered NaCl Ringer was 7.06 +/- 0.02. Removal of external Na+ caused reversible acidification; recovery of pHi from NH+4-induced acid load was Na+ dependent, amiloride inhibitable, and Cl-independent. Asn and Gln had no measurable effect on resting pHi, but pretreatment with Asn or Gln induced a consistent twofold increase in pHi recovery from an acid challenge that was not seen with L-proline, D-glutamine, or L-phenylalanine. Inhibition of Gln metabolism by aminooxyacetate abolished the stimulatory effect of Gln on the exchanger. The tumor promotor phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated recovery rate from acid load and also increased resting pHi. The effects of PMA and Gln on Na+-H+ exchange from acid load were additive. Stimulation of Na+-H+ exchange by PMA, but not by Gln, was inhibited by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpeperazine. We conclude that Gln metabolism stimulates Na+-H+ exchange of acid-loaded porcine enterocytes by a mechanism not requiring activation of PKC.
Host Specificity and Tomato-Related Race Composition of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> Isolates in Taiwan During 2004 and 2005 (2008)

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a major disease of tomato in cool and wet environments. In this study, we report on the host specificity, race composition, and variation among races revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) of P. infestans isolated from tomato production areas in Taiwan. In all, 177 P. infestans isolates were collected in Taiwan during 2004 and 2005. All were aggressive on both potato and tomato. Nine physiological races were identified based on disease response on a set of tomato differentials developed by the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center–The World Vegetable Center. Eighty-seven polymorphic bands from 32 isolates of four races were detected by AFLP. No significant correlation between the polymorphism and the races was found using cluster analysis. This study revealed that a high variability of race composition among the asexual population of P. infestans isolates existed in Taiwan during 2004 and 2005. Breeding new tomato cultivars for resistance to P. infestans is an urgent and ongoing need because new races of the pathogen appeared continuously in Taiwan in past years. Further analysis of the genomic diversity is necessary to determine whether the high genetic variation of P. infestans is related to the complex race composition.
Unsupervised extraction of visual attention objects in color images (2005)

This paper proposes a generic model for unsupervised extraction of viewer's attention objects from color images. Without the full semantic understanding of image content, the model formulates the attention objects as a Markov random field (MRF) by integrating computational visual attention mechanisms with attention object growing techniques. Furthermore, we describe the MRF by a Gibbs random field with an energy function. The minimization of the energy function provides a practical way to obtain attention objects. Experimental results on 880 real images and user subjective evaluations by 16 subjects demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Salmon Thrombin-Fibrinogen Dressing Allows Greater Survival and Preserves Distal Blood Flow Compared to Standard Kaolin Gauze in Coagulopathic Swine with a Standardized Lethal Femoral Artery Injury (2012)

We have previously shown that lyophilized salmon thrombin and fibrinogen (STF) embedded in a dissolvable dextran dressing is as efficacious as Combat Gauze (CG) with regard to controlling hemorrhage and survival in non-coagulopathic swine with femoral artery lacerations. A major limitation of currently available advanced field dressings is the inability to control hemorrhage in coagulopathic casualties because of the exhaustion of host coagulation proteins. We tested the hypothesis that the STF dressing would be better able to control hemorrhage and prolong survival in coagulopathic swine compared to CG. Survival rate was 50% in CG-treated animals versus 90% in STF-treated animals. Survival time was significantly greater in STF-treated animals. Clots formed over the arterial injury in 100% of STF-treated animals compared to 0% in CG-treated animals (p < 0.001). STF-treated animals consumed less host coagulation factors, including platelets (p = 0.03). Survival after limb manipulation that simulated casualty evacuation was significantly higher with the STF dressing (p < 0.005). Angiographic observation of distal blood flow was seen twice as often with the STF dressing as with CG. The STF dressing allows a high survival rate, significantly greater survival time, and a significantly more stable dressing than CG in coagulopathic swine. The clot formed by the STF dressing also enables restoration of distal blood flow to the limb potentially resulting in higher limb salvage.
System aspects and handover management for IEEE 802.16e (2006)

The IEEE 802.16 family of standards that are currently being developed target wide area, cellular, high data rate transmission for non-line-of-sight terminals. The initial phase of the standard (802.16d) supports fixed terminal locations and the subsequent phase of the standard (802.16e) provides support for mobile terminals. The standards specify physical layer (PHY) and media access control (MAC) layer functionalities with several flexible options for frequency reuse and handover. We describe various system architectures for handling handovers in an 802.16e system based on the capabilities of the current draft standard (802.16e D8). The system architecture description combines the functionalities provided in the standard at the PHY and MAC layers with network layer signaling to provide a complete solution. Specifically, we propose hard handover with MAC context reset for a low mobility scenario and a layered migration procedure using fast base station switching (FBSS) with MAC context transfer for a high-mobility scenario and Internet Protocol (IP) packet forwarding for seamless mobility. Our handover solution is applicable to both flat and centralized network architectures. We discuss evolution paths through these various options, keeping in mind that the initial deployments are likely to be for limited mobility and low capacity, while future deployments will target high mobility and increased capacity.
Differential Effects of CD28 Costimulation on HIV Production by CD4+ Cells (1998)

We have observed that CD28 costimulation of CD4+ cells can have differential effects on HIV replication. Triggering the CD28 molecule on peripheral blood CD4+ cells during stimulation with anti-CD3 Abs enhances virus production following acute infection with HIV. Endogenous virus production in CD4+ cells from HIV-infected individuals is also increased by this procedure. The enhanced virus production occurs equally when anti-CD28 Abs and soluble forms of the natural ligands for CD28, CD80Ig, and CD86Ig are used to trigger CD28 on CD4+ cells during stimulation. This increased virus replication is observed only when the source of CD28 costimulation is removed immediately after stimulation and before infection. Continual exposure of CD4+ cells to anti-CD3 and CD28 Ab beads following acute infection prevents virus production. These findings may have relevance to therapeutic approaches aimed at inhibiting HIV replication by CD28 costimulation.
IDDQ and AC scan: the war against unmodelled defects (2002)

This paper investigates the relative effectiveness of scan-based AC tests, IDDQ tests and functional tests for the detection of defective chips, particularly those exhibiting delay faults. Data are presented from an experiment in which a production ASIC was tested with a number of scan and functional tests, together with IDDQ. Results show that all tests detect unique failures, indicating the presence of additional unmodelled faults. The effectiveness of the AC tests shows that targeting additional faults produces better quality than relying on peripheral coverage of existing tests.
Should More Be Saved? Diversity in Utilitarian Moral Judgment (2010)

Abstract In three experiments involving 104 children and 86 adults we investigated the extent to which harm brought about by physical contact is judged to be worse than harm caused by impersonal, no-contact actions. In Experiment 1, Italian monolingual children aged 4 to 6 were asked to indicate whether they would prioritize saving five persons through contact over saving three persons without contact with both courses of action involving harm to a single victim. A preference for saving more persons did not emerge until the age of 6 years. By contrast, in Experiment 2, children with a Slovenian-Italian linguistic and cultural background judged that to save five with contact was preferable even at the age of 4 and 5 years. In Experiment 3, Slovenian-Italian adults were also significantly more likely than Italian-only speakers to advocate using contact, although in a direct comparison, both groups prioritized saving five over three persons, regardless of the means. Moral diversity is discussed in terms of cultural and linguistic constraints that may serve to mediate the use of considerations of contact in an intuitive moral psychology.
Grignard Reagents and Unsaturated Ethers. IV.<sup>1</sup> The Synthesis and Reaction of Several Vinyl Ethers with Grignard Reagents<sup>2</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGrignard Reagents and Unsaturated Ethers. IV.1 The Synthesis and Reaction of Several Vinyl Ethers with Grignard Reagents2Carl M. Hill, Ruby M. Prigmore, and George J. MooreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 2, 352–354Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01607a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01607a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study of Retention of Mono-Substituted Phenols in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Based on the Linear Solvation Energy Relationships Using the Solvatochromic Parameters for Mobile Phases, ${\pi}_m^{\ast}, {\alpha}_m$ and ${\beta}_m$ (1990)

Retention of mono-substituted phenols in reversed-phase liquid chromatography has been studied based on the linear solvation energy relationships using the solvatochromic mobile phase parameters, and . It has been observed that retention behavior of phenols in RPLC were well represented by regression equations vs. solvatochromic mobile phase parameters even though the equations may be incomplete due to lack of an explicit cavity term. Dependence of retention of monosubstituted phenols on the mobile phase properties were varied depending on the type of the organic cosolvent in the mobile phase, e.g., and {\alpha}_m$ in methanol-water system, but ${\pi}_m^{\ast} and in THF-water system. It has been suggested that retention of phenols in methanol-water system is controlled by the solvophobicity of the mobile phase.
Development of Parametric Loudspeaker (2010)

Based on nonlinear acoustic and acoustic signal processing theoretical analyses, we designed and implemented a directional sound projection (or parametric loudspeaker) system, known as the audio beam system (ABS). The prototyping of the parametric loudspeaker consists of three main components: a digital signal processor (DSP), amplifier, and ultrasound emitters. The programmable DSP is the main processing block of the parametric array that performs preprocessing, such as equalization, dynamic range control, carrier control, and our proposed modified amplitude modulation techniques. The special-designed class-D amplifier is used to adjust the voltage gain to drive an array of ultrasound emitters, which are made of lead zirconate titanate or polyvinylidene fluoride materials. Due to the nonlinear interaction of the air, directional audible sound will be generated at a targeted sweet spot. The ABS was recently installed in a gaming booth in the Fusionopolis, a research and development complex located at the One-North business park in Singapore. We used two ABS speakers (ultrasound emitters) to project directional binaural sound from a gaining console to the gamer standing in front of the gaming booth. This setup confines sound to a predetermined sound zone. A laser or LED device fitted to the ABS speakers can project a light beam with the same direction as the sound beam to indicate the sweet spot on the floor. The gamer within the zone can enjoy playing the game without disturbing the other visitors beyond the defined "tune-in" zone.
Proactive re-optimization with Rio (2005)

Traditional query optimizers rely on the accuracy of estimated statistics of intermediate subexpressions to choose good query execution plans. This design often leads to suboptimal plan choices for complex queries since errors in estimates grow exponentially in the presence of skewed and correlated data distributions. We propose to demonstrate the Rio prototype database system that uses proactive re-optimization to address the problems with traditional optimizers. Rio supports three new techniques:1. Intervals of uncertainty are considered around estimates of statistics during plan enumeration and costing2. These intervals are used to pick execution plans that are robust to deviations of actual values of statistics from estimated values, or to defer the choice of execution plan until the uncertainty in estimates can be resolved3. Statistics of intermediate subexpressions are collected quickly, accurately, and efficiently during query executionThese three features are fully functional in the current Rio prototype which is built using the Predator open-source DBMS [5]. In this proposal, we first describe the novel features of Rio, then we use an example query to illustrate the main aspects of our demonstration.
A preemptive deterministic scheduling algorithm for multithreaded replicas (2004)

Software-based active replication is expensive in terms of performance overhead. Multithreading can help improve performance; however, thread scheduling is a source of nondeterminism in replica behavior. This paper presents a Preemptive Deterministic Scheduling (PDS) algorithm for ensuring deterministic replica behavior while preserving concurrency. Threads are synchronized only on updates to the shared state. A replica execution is broken into a sequence of rounds, and in a round each thread can acquire up to two mutexes. When a new round fires, all threads’ mutex requests are known; thus, it is possible to form a deterministic scheduling of mutex acquisitions in the round. No inter-replica communication is required. The algorithm is formally specified, and the proposed formalism is used to prove its correctness. Failure behavior and performance of a PDS algorithm’s implementation are evaluated in a triplicated system and compared with two existing solutions: nonpreemptive deterministic schedulers and the Loose Synchronization Algorithm (LSA) proposed by the authors in an earlier paper. The results show that PDS outperforms nonpreemptive deterministic schedulers. Compared with LSA, PDS has lower throughput; however, it provides additional benefits in terms of system dependability and, hence, can be considered as a trade-off between performance and dependability. These characteristics are investigated with fault injection.
Accelerating Cross-correlation Applications via Parallel Computing (2013)

Software dealing with large-scale signal processing takes long time even on modern hardware. Cross-correlation applicat ions are mostly algorithms rather than data-intensive (that is, they are more CPUbound than I/O-bound). Parallel imp lementation of the cross-correlation execution over the local network, or in some cases over a Wide Area Net work (WAN), helps reducing the processing time. The aim of this paper is to discuss the possibility of distributing the crosscorrelation co mputational process over the available PCs in the local network. Moreover, the algorithm portion that is sent to a remote PC, within the LA N, will be redistributed over the available CPU cores on that computer yield ing to maximu m utilizat ion of all available cores in the local area network. The load balancing problem will be addressed as well.
Vector autoregression and causality: a theoretical overview and simulation study (1994)

This paper provides a theoretical overview of Wald tests for Granger causality in levels vector autoregressions (VAR's) and Johansen-type error correction models (ECM's). The theory is based on results in Toda and Phillips (1991a) and allows for stochastic and deterministic trends as well as arbitrary degrees of cointegration. We recommend some operational procedures for conducting Granger causality tests that are based on the Gaussian maximum likelihood estimation of ECM's. These procedures are applicable in the important practical case of testing the causal effects of one variable on another group of variables and vice versa. This paper also investigates the sampling properties of these testing procedures through simulation exercises. Three sequential causality tests in ECM's are compared with conventional causality tests in levels and differences VAR's.
Residue BDD and its application to the verification of arithmetic circuits (1995)

The paper describes a verication method for arithmetic circuits based on residue arithmetic. In the verication, a residue module is attached to the specication and the implementation, and these outputs are compared by constructing BDD's. For the BDD construction without node explosion, we i n troduce a residue BDD whose width is less than or equal to a modulus. The method is useful for multipliers including C6288.
Low Temperature Techniques (1964)

Dr. Rose-Innes' book signals the arrival of liquid helium in this country as a laboratory commodity. If fact, he does not write anything about the liquefaction on helium but only about its use in carrying out measurements and experiments at very low temperatures.
A Tape Format for Quadruplex Cassette Video Recorders (1972)

A two-inch cassette videotape format is described, including means of physically marking the useful span of tape. The proposed SMPTE time and control code is recorded on the cue track. In its user bits are encoded three groups of data for location of the message elements, automatic control of playback adjustments, and message identification.