gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Avoiding cytotoxicity of transposases by dose-controlled mRNA delivery (2011)

The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase and its newly developed hyperactive variant, SB100X, are of increasing interest for genome modification in experimental models and gene therapy. The potential cytotoxicity of transposases requires careful assessment, considering that residual integration events of transposase expression vectors delivered by physicochemical transfection or episomal retroviral vectors may lead to permanent transposase expression and resulting uncontrollable transposition. Comparing retrovirus-based approaches for delivery of mRNA, episomal DNA or integrating DNA, we found that conventional SB transposase, SB100X and a newly developed codon-optimized SB100Xo may trigger premitotic arrest and apoptosis. Cell stress induced by continued SB overexpression was self-limiting due to the induction of cell death, which occurred even in the absence of a co-transfected transposable element. The cytotoxic effects of SB transposase were strictly dose dependent and heralded by induction of p53 and c-Jun. Inactivating mutations in SB’s catalytic domain could not abrogate cytotoxicity, suggesting a mechanism independent of DNA cleavage activity. An improved approach of retrovirus particle-mediated mRNA transfer allowed transient and dose-controlled expression of SB100X, supported efficient transposition and prevented cytotoxicity. Transposase-mediated gene transfer can thus be tuned to maintain high efficiency in the absence of overt cell damage.
Graphene–platinum nanohybrid as a robust and low-cost counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (2013)

Dry plasma reduction (DPR) is an excellent approach for easily, continuously, uniformly and stably hybridizing platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) on a graphene-coated layer under atmospheric pressure without any toxic chemicals and at a low temperature. The Pt-NPs with a size of 0.5-4 nm and mostly 2 nm were stably and uniformly hybridized on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) after co-reduction of Pt precursor ions and GO to Pt atoms and RGO, respectively. XPS analysis also revealed a repair of structural damage on the basal plane of the graphene as well as chemical bonding between Pt-NPs and RGO after DPR. Thus, the Pt-NPs/RGO nanohybrids applied to the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) exhibited robust stability as well as ultrahigh electrochemical catalytic activity and conductivity using less than 1% of the Pt exploited for the Pt-sputtered counter electrodes. Thus, the Pt-NPs/RGO nanohybrid fabricated by DPR could be an excellent material for a robust and low-cost counter electrode for DSCs.
Electrochemistry of symmetrical and asymmetrical dinuclear ruthenium, osmium, and mixed-metal 2,2'-bipyridine complexes bridged by 2,2'-bibenzimidazolate (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry of symmetrical and asymmetrical dinuclear ruthenium, osmium, and mixed-metal 2,2'-bipyridine complexes bridged by 2,2'-bibenzimidazolateMasaaki Haga and Alan M. BondCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 3, 475–480Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00003a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (701 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
View‐ordering in radial fast spin‐echo imaging (2004)

Radial MRI sequences are frequently used to obtain images with reduced sensitivity to motion. To decrease imaging time, multiple spin-echo acquisitions can be incorporated into radial sequences. In this case, different radial lines of Fourier data have different TE times and the resulting images can contain streaking artifacts due to T(2) decay. The streaking is not only dependent on the T(2) of the object and the timing of the data acquisition, but also on the order in which radial lines are collected (view order). The view ordering can easily be controlled to minimize artifacts due to T(2) decay as well as motion. Four view-ordering techniques are presented and evaluated for the radial FSE sequence.
Effect of Inoculation Level of <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> and Yogurt Cultures on Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content and Quality Attributes of Fermented Milk Products (2006)

ABSTRACT: The effect of inoculation concentration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and yogurt cultures and storage time on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content and quality attributes of fermented milk products was determined. Yogurt culture ( Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, 1:1 ratio, YC ) , L. rhamnosus (LB), and LB co‐cultured with yogurt culture, were inoculated at 10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 CFU/mL into a milk with hydrolyzed soy oil as the lipid source. CLA content, microbial counts, acidity, texture, and volatile flavor profile of the fermented milk products were stable during storage at 4 °C for 14 d. Total CLA contents ranged from 0.51 to 1.00 mg CLA/g lipid following 14 d of storage. Inoculation level of L. rhamnosus and yogurt cultures had no significant effect on CLA content and texture, but affected acidity and the volatile flavor profile of the fermented milk products. The fermented milk products produced by L. rhamnosus co‐cultured with yogurt culture with 10 7 CFU/mL total inoculation level resulted in a high CLA content and desirable quality characteristics. This research demonstrated that the optimal inoculation concentration and the combination of L. rhamnosus and yogurt cultures were important factors to produce fermented milk products with CLA content and acceptable quality attributes.
4-Fluoro-<i>N</i>-(quinolin-8-yl)benzenesulfonamide (2005)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C15H11FN2O2S, the torsion angle about the N—S bond between the quinoline ring system and the benzene ring is −59.0 (2)°. The sulfonamide H atom forms one intra­molecular hydrogen bond to the quinoline N atom [N—H⋯N = 2.25 (2) Å] and an intermolecular hydrogen bond to a sulfonyl O atom [N—H⋯O =2.53 (2) Å]. The C atom adjacent to the quinoline N atom forms one inter­molecular contact to the F atom [H⋯F = 2.48 (2) Å].
Speculative execution in a distributed file system (2005)

Speculator provides Linux kernel support for speculative execution. It allows multiple processes to share speculative state by tracking causal dependencies propagated through inter-process communication. It guarantees correct execution by preventing speculative processes from externalizing output, e.g., sending a network message or writing to the screen, until the speculations on which that output depends have proven to be correct. Speculator improves the performance of distributed file systems by masking I/O latency and increasing I/O throughput. Rather than block during a remote operation, a file system predicts the operation's result, then uses Speculator to checkpoint the state of the calling process and speculatively continue its execution based on the predicted result. If the prediction is correct, the checkpoint is discarded; if it is incorrect, the calling process is restored to the checkpoint, and the operation is retried. We have modified the client, server, and network protocol of two distributed file systems to use Speculator. For PostMark and Andrew-style benchmarks, speculative execution results in a factor of 2 performance improvement for NFS over local-area networks and an order of magnitude improvement over wide-area networks. For the same benchmarks, Speculator enables the Blue File System to provide the consistency of single-copy file semantics and the safety of synchronous I/O, yet still outperform current distributed file systems with weaker consistency and safety.
A role of Lys<sup>614</sup> in the sulfotransferase activity of human heparan sulfate <i>N</i>‐deacetylase/<i>N</i>‐sulfotransferase (1998)

An active sulfotransferase (ST, residues 558-882) domain of the human heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (hHSNST) has been identified by aligning the amino acid sequence of hHSNST to that of mouse estrogen sulfotransferase (EST). The bacterially expressed ST domain transfers the 5'-sulfuryl group of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to only deacetylated heparin with an efficiency similar to that previously reported for the purified rat HSNST. Moreover, the K(m,PAPS) (2.1 microM) of the ST domain is also similar to that of the rat enzyme. Lys48 is a key residue in mEST catalysis. The residue corresponding to Lys48 is conserved in all known heparan sulfate sulfotransferases (Lys614 in the ST domain of hHSNST). Mutation of Lys614 to Ala abolishes N-sulfotransferase activity, indicating an important catalytic role of Lys614 in the ST domain. Crystals of the ST domain have been grown (orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2) with diffraction to 2.5 A resolution.
Human endothelial cells are target for platelet-activating factor. II. Platelet-activating factor induces platelet-activating factor synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (1992)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a phospholipid mediator with broad and potent biologic activities, is synthesized by several inflammatory cells including endothelial cells (EC). PAF is also an effective stimulating agent for EC leading to increased cell permeability and adhesivity. We examined the synthesis of PAF in human umbilical cord vein EC after stimulation of EC with PAF or with its nonmetabolizable analog 1-O-alkyl-2-N-methyl-carbamyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C-PAF). PAF (1 to 100 nM) induced a dose- and time-dependent increase of PAF synthesis as detected by [3H]acetate incorporation into PAF fraction. Stimulation of PAF synthesis occurred via activation of the "remodeling pathway" as the 1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-PAF):acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase was dose-dependently increased after PAF treatment. The de novo pathway of PAF synthesis was not activated under these conditions. C-PAF was able to mimic the effect of authentic PAF on [3H] acetate incorporation. The inactive metabolite lyso-PAF (100 nM) had no influence on PAF synthesis in EC. CV-3988, BN 52021, and WEB 2086, potent and specific antagonists of PAF suppressed PAF effects on the remodeling pathway completely. The PAF- and C-PAF-induced [3H]PAF remained 93% cell-associated and was not degraded up to 10 min after stimulation. Characterization of the [3H]acetate-labeled material co-migrating with authentic PAF revealed that a significant proportion (approximately 57%) was actually 1-acyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. PAF-induced PAF synthesis might be an important mechanism for amplifying original PAF signals and potentiating adhesive interactions of circulating cells with the endothelium.
Solubility study of calcium hydrogen phosphate. Ion-pair formation (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility study of calcium hydrogen phosphate. Ion-pair formationJ. R. Sutter, Hershel McDowell, and Walter E. BrownCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 8, 1638–1643Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50102a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50102a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views760Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Variation of sol–gel synthesis parameters and their consequence for the surface area and structure of magnesium fluoride (2007)

High surface area MgF2 was prepared by the sol–gel technique from magnesium alkoxides. The influence of different ratios of Mg(OCH3)2 to HF, of different magnesium alkoxides, catalysts, solvents as well as different aging times was investigated. XRD, MAS-NMR, FT-IR, thermal analysis and elemental analysis were applied to study the structure, composition and thermal behaviour of the bulk materials. The determination of the surface properties was accomplished with N2 and Ar adsorption–desorption isotherms.
Characterization of α2,6-Sialyltransferase Cleavage by Alzheimer's β-Secretase (BACE1) (2003)

BACE1 is a membrane-bound aspartic protease that cleaves the amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the beta-secretase site, a critical step in the Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. We previously found that BACE1 also cleaved a membrane-bound sialyltransferase, ST6Gal I. By BACE1 overexpression in COS cells, the secretion of ST6Gal I markedly increased, and the amino terminus of the secreted ST6Gal I started at Glu(41). Here we report that BACE1-Fc chimera protein cleaved the A-ST6Gal I fusion protein, or ST6Gal I-derived peptide, between Leu(37) and Gln(38), suggesting that an initial cleavage product by BACE1 was three amino acids longer than the secreted ST6Gal I. The three amino acids, Gln(38)-Ala(39)-Lys(40), were found to be truncated by exopeptidase activity, which was detected in detergent extracts of Golgi-derived membrane fraction. These results suggest that ST6Gal I is cleaved initially between Leu(37) and Gln(38) by BACE1, and then the three-amino acid sequence at the NH(2) terminus is removed by exopeptidase(s) before secretion from the cells.
Rational Optimization of Benzo[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene‐Containing Polymers for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (2009)

The rational structure optimization of a polythiophene containing benzo[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene on the molecular level leads to a polymer that is easily synthesized and processed. Fabricated on a flexible substrate, the polymer shows excellent device characteristics, good reproducibility, and charge-carrier mobilities up to 0.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 without annealing. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Overview of Senescence (2007)

Cellular senescence refers to the limited capacity of normal somatic cells to proliferate indefinitely in vitro. There are at least two types of senescence that prevent infinite proliferation: replicative senescence and stress-induced senescence (SIS). In replicative senescence, failure of the DNA polymerase to faithfully duplicate the chromosomal ends leads to progressive telomeric DNA sequence loss with each subsequent cell division and signaling for growth arrest. There are, at least, two mechanisms that prevent further telomere shortening and as a consequence bypass replicative senescence: upregulation/reactivation of endogenous telomerase and alternative lengthening for telomeres (ALT) pathway. In SIS, however, several stressors have been found to signal for growth arrest, such as DNA damage, damage to chromatin structure, oxidative stress, and oncogene activation. The ability to induce growth arrest as a consequence of telomere shortening or stress is thus the essential feature distinguishing the mortality of normal cells (presumably to provide a barrier against the accumulation of mutations and the formation of cancer) and the immortality of tumor cells.
Spontaneous Generation of Multilamellar Vesicles from Ethylene Oxide/Butylene Oxide Diblock Copolymers (2002)

Vesicular structures are promising materials for encapsulation applications, and vesicles composed from block copolymers are attractive in this regard because of their stability and tunability. However, vesicle formation from copolymers generally requires specialized procedures. This article demonstrates that ethylene oxide/butylene oxide diblock copolymers spontaneously form micrometer-sized, multilamellar vesicles (“onions”) over a broad range of concentrations upon simple mixing with water. These structures likely form due to the relatively large volume-to-length ratio of the butylene oxide hydrophobe, and vesicle formation also depends on the length of the ethylene oxide headgroup. Structures were characterized using plane-polarized light microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy. The multilamellar vesicles survive sonication and moderate shear. Vesicle size can be reduced by extrusion through a porous membrane, but final diameter is independent of shear rate and membrane pore size.
Synthesis and properties of phosphorus-containing polyesters derived from 2-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz?c,e??1,2?oxaphosphorin-6-yl)-1,4- hydroxyethoxy phenylene (1998)

A series of phosphorous-containing aliphatic polyesters were synthesized by high-temperature solution condensation of 2-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz〈c,e〉〈1,2〉oxaphosphorin-6-yl)-1,4-hydroxyethoxy phenylene (III) with various aromatic acid chlorides in o-dichlorobenzene. All polyesters are amorphous and readily soluble in many organic solvents such as DMAc, NMP, DMSO, and o-dichlorobenzene at room temperature or upon heating. These polyesters are thermally quite stable. The glass transition temperatures of these aliphatic polyesters ranged from 126.6 to 162.2°C. The degradation temperatures (Td onset) in nitrogen ranged from 424 to 448°C, and the char yields at 700°C are 20–32%. The activation energies of degradation ranged from 160.9 to 226.0 kJ/mol. The LOIs of these polyesters ranged from 36 to 43. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 3051–3061, 1998
Histological studies on the triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist. (1990)

The triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist was serially sectioned for routine histology. Results from eight dissecting room cadavers show that the complex is attached to hyaline cartilage on the radius via its articular disc. In contrast, the dorsal and volar radio-ulnar ligaments attach to the radius via zones of calcified and uncalcified fibrocartilage. The articular disc is thus a wide labrum that provides an articular surface for the ulna and for the carpal bones, and the radio-ulnar ligaments strengthen the attachment of the disc to the radius. Medially, the complex divides into upper and lower laminae. Arching strands of collagen fibres emerge from the upper lamina and pass through a region of highly vascular connective tissue to be attached to the ulna between the articular cartilage on the head and that at the tip of the styloid process. Much of the ulnar attachment is via zones of calcified and uncalcified fibrocartilage which blend with the adjacent articular cartilages. Such an arrangement of tissues prevents undue wear and tear at the ulnar attachment zone during pronation and supination of the forearm. The lower lamina blends with the sheath of extensor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar collateral ligament and allows the whole complex to attach to the carpal and metacarpal bones. The meniscus homologue is a region of dense irregular connective tissue with no independent histological identity.
Butyrate as a model for “Gene‐regulating chemoprevention and chemotherapy” (2000)

Recent progress in molecular genetics has facilitated understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. However, there is not yet any effective therapy or prevention for cancer based on the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. So-called "gene therapy" for cancer is expected to become a new method of treatment, but there are still several serious problems with gene therapy. As a matter of fact, it seems impossible to adopt gene therapy for prevention. We therefore tried to develop a different method of cancer prevention or therapy based on the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. For instance, the tumor-suppressor gene p53 is mutated in about 50% of human malignancies. It is known that p53 stimulates the promoter activities of p21/WAF1, gadd45 and bax genes, resulting in cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis, respectively. Therefore, chemical compounds that can stimulate these genes should compensate for the function of p53. As a model of this, we found that histone deacetylase inhibitors such as butyrate or trichostatin A dramatically stimulate the p21/WAF1 gene promoter through the Spl sites, resulting in cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, another group has recently reported that phenylbutyrate, which is also known as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is very effective for leukemia patients. We therefore consider methods of up-regulating p21/WAF, gadd45 or bax genes should be useful for cancer therapy and termed this method "Gene-regulating chemotherapy". Theoretically, the chemicals up-regulating such genes should be also useful for chemoprevention, and we also termed it as "Gene-regulating chemoprevention". In conclusion, we propose that "Gene-regulating chemotherapy or chemoprevention" may be a promising new method for cancer therapy or prevention and histone deacetylase inhibitor is a good candidate for this method.
Facial Selectivity and Stereospecificity in the (4 + 3) Cycloaddition of Epoxy Enol Silanes (2011)

The scope of the (4 + 3) cycloaddition using epoxy enol silanes has been examined. Unhindered and nucleophilic dienes react to give the highest yields, but hindered dienes give rise to higher diastereoselectivities. Notably, the cycloaddition shows facial selectivity and stereospecificity for the stereochemistry of the epoxy enol silane.