gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Hypervisor for Injecting Scenario-Based Attack Effects (2011)

An essential phase in the testing of a security system is to attack the target software in a test environment and then to check the response of the security system. However, obtaining or developing a sufficient number of vulnerable software and exploits is not straightforward. One approach for collecting information on how a security system reacts to various attacks is to ``fabricate'' the effects of attacks in the target software by using a fault-injection tool. In this paper, we propose Hyper Attacker, which is a software-implemented fault injection system for testing security systems. Hyper Attacker injects faults or attack effects according to the scenarios provided by the user. When an event specified by a given scenario occurs in the monitored software, Hyper Attacker injects the attack effect associated with the event. Supported effects include the updating of values in registers, user memory areas, and kernel memory areas. Hyper Attacker is implemented by modifying the Xen hyper visor, and attack effects are injected from one special virtual machine to the target software running on another virtual machine. Experimental results showed that Hyper Attacker is effective in causing various security systems to take responsive actions.
Exploring polysilicon micromotors for data storage micro disks (2002)

This paper presents preliminary results on investigating the use of electrostatically-actuated, polysilicon micromotors for data storage. The polysilicon micromotors examined here are applied as optically-read, ROM devices, with data encoded on the surface of the rotor. Encoding is achieved by etching pits in the surface of the rotor during motor fabrication using RIE. The rotor surface is divided into sectors, each containing tracks encoded for motor diagnostics and data retrieval, providing a mechanism for evaluation of motor dynamics and data storage quality at various radial positions. An open-loop controller has been developed with the objective of operating the salient-pole micromotors at a near constant rotational speed, enabling the encoded information to be read-out via discrete sampling of an optical signal. The controller successfully drives the motor with 12% variation in rotational speed. Open-loop control has been sufficient for reliable data retrieval of bit diameters as small as 5 /spl mu/m with this speed variation.
Effect of a Perfluorochemical Emulsion on the Radiation Response of BA1112 Rhabdomyosarcomas (1987)

The effect of treatment with a perfluorochemical emulsion (Fluosol DA, 20%), carbogen, or the combination of these two agents on the radiation response of BA1112 tumors in WAG/rij rats was examined. Fluosol and carbogen as single agents had only small effects on the tumor cell survival curve. The combination of Fluosol plus carbogen had a larger effect on tumor cell survival, reducing the hypoxic fraction of the tumor from 23 to 1.6%. The amount of sensitization was a function of the Fluosol dose, with maximal augmentation of the radiation response obtained at doses of 7.5-15 ml/kg. Carbogen pretreatments ranging from 5 to 60 min in duration all had similar effects on tumor radiosensitivity. The effect of the perfluorochemical emulsion plus carbogen on the survival of irradiated tumor cells appears to reflect changes in tumor oxygenation, rather than cytotoxic or immunological effects, since the perfluorochemical emulsion (with or without carbogen) had no effect on the viability of cells in unirradiated tumors. These experiments extend previous studies by ourselves and others using mouse tumors to show that the combination of a perfluorochemical emulsion and carbogen breathing can also increase the radiation response of a nonimmunogenic rat tumor.
Cancer Risk Assessment, Indicators, and Guidelines for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air (2002)

The Swedish Governmental Commission on Environment and Health (SOU 1996) and the Governmental Committee on Environmental Objectives (SOU 2000) proposed, among other things, targets for carcinogenic air pollutants in order to fulfill the national objectives for the reduction of harmful emissions
Multiview Constraints for Recognition of Planar Curves in Fourier Domain (2002)

Multiview relations such as the Fundamental matrix and the Trilinear tensor provide scene-independent characterization of a combination of views in the form of algebraic constraints. In this paper, we present a number of multiview constraints for collections of primitives, such as a planar shape boundary. The rich domain of Fourier transforms helps us to combine the properties of the collection with the multiview situation. We derive a number of viewindependent algebraic constraints under the assumption of affine image-to-image homography. These constraints provide useful tools to match and recognize planar boundaries across multiple views without the knowledge of the camera parameters or pixel-to-pixel correspondence. We present the results of shape matching in a number of synthetic and real situations in this paper.
Fiber optic-based biosensor (1991)

The NRL fiber optic biosensor is a device which measures the formation of a fluorescent complex at the surface of an optical fiber. Antibodies and DNA binding proteins provide the mechanism for recognizing an analyze and immobilizing a fluorescent complex on the fiber surface. The fiber optic biosensor is fast, sensitive, and permits analysis of hazardous materials remote from the instrumentation. The fiber optic biosensor is described in terms of the device configuration, chemistry for protein immobilization, and assay development. A lab version is being used for assay development and performance characterization while a portable device is under development. Antibodies coated on the fiber are stable for up to two years of storage prior to use. The fiber optic biosensor was used to measure concentration of toxins in the parts per billion (ng/ml) range in under a minute. Immunoassays for small molecules and whole bacteria are under development. Assays using DNA probes as the detection element can also be used with the fiber optic sensor, which is currently being developed to detect biological warfare agents, explosives, pathogens, and toxic materials which pollute the environment.
Analog pulse-position modulation for free-space optical transmission of microwave signals (2010)

A pulse-position modulated optical link with chirped electro-optic waveguide grating modulator and semiconductor optical amplifier based demodulator has multi-gigahertz bandwidth and spur free dynamic range exceeding 85 dB.Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4/5</sup> .
Activation of CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Lymphocytes Improves Wound Healing and Survival After Experimental Myocardial Infarction in Mice (2012)

The present study provides the first evidence that CD4(+) T cells become activated after MI, presumably driven by recognition of cardiac autoantigens, and facilitate wound healing of the myocardium.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Nociceptin Receptor (NOP) Ligands and the Design of Bifunctional NOP/Mu Opioid Receptor-Targeted Ligands (2013)

The nociceptin receptor NOP, the fourth member of the opioid receptor family, continues to be of significant interest as a target for therapeutic applications in the treatment of drug dependence, anxiety, and pain, to name a few. Its endogenous ligand, a heptadecapeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) has pharmacological actions distinct from the classical opioid peptides, and has been shown to modulate opioid actions in many neurological circuits. Over the past decade, several nonpeptide (small-molecule) and peptide NOP ligands have been reported both by industry as well as academic laboratories, including our own. NOP agonists as well as NOP antagonists have been reported. The recent resolution of the ‘antagonist’ bound crystal structure of the NOP receptor and our recent report of the active-state homology model of the NOP receptor will facilitate our understanding of the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of NOP antagonists and agonists respectively. This review presents a ligand and structure-based assessment of the SAR for potent NOP binding pharmacophores. This review also presents rational approaches for designing ‘bifunctional’ NOP/opioid ligands, which have equipotent affinity for the NOP and mu opioid receptors and the desired functional profile of NOP agonist and mu opioid agonist activity. Such bifunctional NOP/mu agonists may have utility as non-addicting analgesics and drug abuse treatment with lower propensity of withdrawal-related effects.
NG-methyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of L-arginine-derived nitric oxide synthesis, stimulates renal sympathetic nerve activity in vivo. A role for nitric oxide in the central regulation of sympathetic tone? (1992)

Continuous production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) in peripheral vessels has been shown to modulate vascular resistance and blood pressure. NO is also formed in the brain upon activation of glutamate receptors, which are thought to mediate central autonomic reflexes. In the present study we assessed whether NO plays a role in central autonomic regulation. For this, we have investigated the effects of NG-methyl-L-arginine (NMA), a selective inhibitor of NO synthesis from L-arginine, on sympathetic renal nerve activity (RNA), blood pressure, and heart rate in the anesthetized rat. NMA elicited a dose-dependent sustained increase in blood pressure (approximately 20 and 30 mm Hg, 5 minutes after 10 and 50 mumol/kg i.v., respectively). Heart rate and RNA decreased transiently (15 beats per minute and 40%, respectively); RNA subsequently increased (100%) while blood pressure remained elevated. Baroreceptor deafferentation markedly altered these responses to NMA; the transient decreases in heart rate and RNA were abolished, whereas the increases in RNA and blood pressure were significantly potentiated. After spinal C-1-C-2 transection, there was no increase in RNA, and blood pressure increased to a smaller extent. L-Arginine blocked the NMA-induced increases in blood pressure and RNA. Thus, in addition to modulating vascular resistance by a peripheral action, NO may also play a role in the central regulation of sympathetic tone.
HIGH-REPETITION-RATE HYDROGEN MARX GENERATOR (2005)

The use of high-pressure hydrogen gas in sparkgap switches has enabled order-of-magnitude improvement in their recovery time without resorting to gas flow. Triggering such switches at voltages well below selfbreak can result in additional improvement. Recent tests at the Pulsed Power Technology Branch have demonstrated 100-ps recovery of a hydrogen spark gap at 50 kV, 170 U, and 12 kJ. Work is underway to demonstrate similar recovery times at voltages up to 500 kV in a 5-pulse burst. The investigation of such high-repetition-rate, high-voltage hydrogen spark-gap switches requires the concurrent development of devices capable of triggering them. Typical two-pulse test beds used for obtaining switch recovery data require only a single-shot trigger. The high-pressure hydrogen switch experiment currently underway, however, requires a compact device capable of triggering a 500-kV switch in a multiplepulse burst at repetition rates of up to 10 kHz. risetime of the pulses should be in the few-nanosecond range with pulse amplitudes greater than 100 kV.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVITY IN THE DIELS‐ALDER REACTION OF 1‐TRIMETHYLSILYLBUTADIENE (1977)

Abstract 1‐Trimethylsilyl‐butadien (I) reagiert mit den Dienophilen (II), (V) und (VIII) hauptsächlich zu ortho‐Addukten wie (III).
A derivative-free noncircular fan-beam reconstruction formula (1993)

In order to perform fan-beam reconstruction using projection data collected from a noncircular scanning locus, existing noncircular fan-beam formulas require a derivative of the scanning locus with respect to the rotation angle. A derivative-free noncircular fan-beam reconstruction formula that is based on a geometrical explanation of the circular equispatial fan-beam reconstruction formula is obtained here. A mathematical proof is then provided under the conditions that the source-to-origin distance is symmetric with respect to the origin of the reconstruction coordinate system, is differentiable almost everywhere, and does not change too fast with respect to the rotation angle. The derivative-free noncircular fan-beam reconstruction formula is the same as the circular one, except that the source-to-origin distance is a function of the rotation angle. A typical simulation result for the noncircular fan-beam formula is given.
Mechanical Testing of Thin Films and Small Structures (2001)

Thin films, as well as small structures, are used in many technical applications, such as semiconductor devices, information storage media, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and biomedical devices. The knowledge of materials properties is essential for the design and fabrication of these devices, particularly since small structures often have different properties than their bulk counterparts. This article describes the most common experimental techniques used to measure mechanical properties in small dimensions.
Banking technology handbook (1999)

Introduction Brave New World for Financial Services Technology Trendlines: What Can We Expect in the Future? Financial Services and the Internet Introduction to E-Commerce Technology and Productivity Year 2000 Implications Year 2000 Solutions The Coming Crisis in Handling Euromoney Technology and Security Data Mining, Data Warehousing, and Databases ActiveX or CORBA/JavaBeans Technology in Banking The Open Financial Exchange (OFX) Specification Frontiers in Check Imaging The Implications of the Digital Signature Building an Electronic Banking Center Banking on the Internet Technology of the Smart Card Building the Electronic Wallet Tutorial in Net Payment Schemes: The Joint Electronic Payment Initiative (JEPI) Using Push Technologies The Better Teller Machine Building a Home Banking System Loan Decisioning Technologies Resources Glossaries Securities Product Watch
Discovery of Nonsteroidal 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Inhibitors by Pharmacophore-Based Screening of Virtual Compound Libraries (2008)

17Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1) plays a pivotal role in the local synthesis of the most potent estrogen estradiol. Its expression is a prognostic marker for the outcome of patients with breast cancer and inhibition of 17beta-HSD1 is currently under consideration for breast cancer prevention and treatment. We aimed to identify nonsteroidal 17beta-HSD1 inhibitor scaffolds by virtual screening with pharmacophore models built from crystal structures containing steroidal compounds. The most promising model was validated by comparing predicted and experimentally determined inhibitory activities of several flavonoids. Subsequently, a virtual library of nonsteroidal compounds was screened against the 3D pharmacophore. Analysis of 14 selected compounds yielded four that inhibited the activity of human 17beta-HSD1 (IC 50 below 50 microM). Specificity assessment of identified 17beta-HSD1 inhibitors emphasized the importance of including related short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) members to analyze off-target effects. Compound 29 displayed at least 10-fold selectivity over the related SDR enzymes tested.
THE RESONATING-VALENCE-BOND THEORY OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY: CREST SUPERCONDUCTORS AND THROUGH SUPERCONDUCTORS (1968)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Citizen Participation in the Regulation of Surface Mining (1979)

Public participation in the regulatory process has become increasingly common in recent years, especially in environmental matters. The West Virginia Surface Mining and Reclamation Act contains a number of devices by which citizens can present their views concerning proposed strip mines and can compel enforcement of the Act's provisions. The federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, by allowing citizen access to almost every phase of the regulatory process, opens even more avenues for participation than are currently available in West Virginia and other states. An invitation to citizens to take part in these regulatory and enforcement activities represents a recognition on the part of state and federal legislators that interested citizens can make a significant contribution to the public regulatory and enforcement process. But the zealous advocacy that typifies the citizen contribution to these processes often results from citizens' efforts to protect their private interests. In some instances, these interests are not synonymous with the "public interest." For example, the homeowner whose property abuts a proposed strip mine site may well be concerned about the environment, the ecological balance, the scenic beauty of his state, and the purity of his favorite fishing or swimming location. But he is also particularly concerned that his well might dry up, his basement walls crack, or his yard become a resting place for debris. The question may then be raised: To what extent are citizens protected by the statutory procedures available to them? The kinds of procedural stumbling blocks which face individuals who are trying to protect their lives, homes and communities from devastation at the hands of strip mine operators are well illustrated in the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals' decision in McGrady v. Callaghan. This Note will examine that decision, and will further examine the newly enacted Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 to ascertain whether that legislation might signal an end to some of the frustrations experienced under current state law. In addition, a brief look at some of the other public participation procedures under the new Act might provide some guidance as to what steps interested citizens might take in the future to protect themselves and other members of the public.
Familial atrial septal defect with prolonged atrioventricular conduction. (1976)

This report describes a family with frequent recurrence of congenital heart disease in multiple generations. Eight members had atrial septal defect (ASD) of the fossa ovalis type and seven members had other forms of congenital heart disease. One branch of the pedigree showed a predominance of ASD with prolonged atrioventricular (A-V) conduction and initially suggested an autosomal dominant gene effect. A variety of other forms of congenital heart disease were found in several first degree relatives of those with ASD as well as in more distant relatives. The variability of congenital heart disease in this pedigree is compatible with the polygenic mode of inheritance. Definition of the inheritability of congenital heart disease in a specific family has important consequences in the determination of the recurrence risks for all family members.
Microdissection of Histologic Sections: Past, Present, and Future (2002)

Histologic and cytologic changes are central to the diagnosis and classification of many disease processes, particularly neoplasms. The correlation of these changes with genomics, proteomics, and molecular pathways entails refined microdissection techniques that are frequently used to procure a pure population of cells from complex tissue. Here we review the past, present, and future of some of these new advances in microdissection techniques including manual techniques, laser microdissection, laser capture microdissection, and laser catapulting.
The Reader-to-Leader Framework: Motivating Technology-Mediated Social Participation (2009)

Billions of people participate in online social activities. Most users participate as readers of discussion boards, searchers of blog posts, or viewers of photos. A fraction of users become contributors of user-generated content by writing consumer product reviews, uploading travel photos, or expressing political opinions. Some users move beyond such individual efforts to become collaborators, forming tightly connected groups with lively discussions whose outcome might be a Wikipedia article or a carefully edited YouTube video. A small fraction of users becomes leaders, who participate in governance by setting and upholding policies, repairing vandalized materials, or mentoring novices. We analyze these activities and offer the Reader-to-Leader Framework with the goal of helping researchers, designers, and managers understand what motivates technology-mediated social participation. This will enable them to improve interface design and social support for their companies, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations. These improvements could reduce the number of failed projects, while accelerating the application of social media for national priorities such as healthcare, energy sustainability, emergency response, economic development, education, and more.
Smart Baton System: a universal remote control system in ubiquitous computing environment (2003)

This paper describes a universal remote control system - Smart Baton System. This system enables users to explicitly and easily choose an appliance with a laser pointer, and provides users with an appropriate user interface that is customized for each appliance. Furthermore, with user authentication, this system allows an appliance to provide differentiated service to each user.
Differentiation of Bacteroides fragilis species by gas chromatographic detection of phenylacetic acid (1978)

Of 382 strains tested, 261 strains of the species Bacteroides fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. ovatus, and B. distasonis produced phenylacetic acid; the remaining strains, belonging exclusively to the species B. vulgatus, failed to do so. This differentiation characteristic may be useful in routine clinical bacteriology.
Using Strahler numbers for real time visual exploration of huge graphs (2002)

International audience
Role of HLA-G, HLA-E and KIR2DL4 in Pregnancy (2007)

Mammalian pregnancy has always been considered as immunological enigma. During pregnancy various immunological components at fetomaternal interface contribute to the immunosuppression which may allow semiallogenic fetus to survive. Along with Th2 shift, some other cytokines also play an important role in directing the normal pregnancy. Further modulation of immunological effector cells like T cells, macrophages and NK cells are also involved. Further, the lack of HLA class I expression at fetomaternal interface assists in escaping the fetus from maternal immune response, moreover, simultaneous expression of non classical HLA-G and HLA-E at fetomateral interface helps in downregulation of NK cells. NK cells interact with HLA-G via their KIR2DL4 receptors. We have reviewed the role of these molecules and how the loss of function in any of these components can lead to immunodysregulation hence leading to rejection of the fetus.