gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vertical beaming of wavelength-scale photonic crystal resonators (2006)

We report that $>80%$ of the photons generated inside a photonic crystal slab resonator can be funneled within a small divergence angle of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$. The far-field radiation properties of a photonic crystal slab resonant mode are modified by tuning the cavity geometry and by placing a reflector below the cavity. The former method directly shapes the near-field distribution so as to achieve directional and linearly polarized far-field patterns. The latter modification takes advantage of the interference effect between the original waves and the reflected waves to enhance the energy directionality. We find that, regardless of the slab thickness, the optimum distance between the slab and the reflector closely equals one wavelength of the resonance under consideration. We have also discussed an efficient far-field simulation algorithm based on the finite-difference time-domain method and the near- to far-field transformation.
Sampling theory in Fourier and signal analysis : foundations (1996)

1. An introduction to sampling theory 1.1 General introduction 1.2 Introduction - continued 1.3 The seventeenth to the mid twentieth century - a brief review 1.4 Interpolation and sampling from the seventeenth century to the mid twentieth century - a brief review 1.5 Introduction - concluding remarks 2. Background in Fourier analysis 2.1 The Fourier Series 2.2 The Fourier transform 2.3 Poisson's summation formula 2.4 Tempered distributions - some basic facts 3. Hilbert spaces, bases and frames 3.1 Bases for Banach and Hilbert spaces 3.2 Riesz bases and unconditional bases 3.3 Frames 3.4 Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces 3.5 Direct sums of Hilbert spaces 3.6 Sampling and reproducing kernels 4. Finite sampling 4.1 A general setting for finite sampling 4.2 Sampling on the sphere 5. From finite to infinite sampling series 5.1 The change to infinite sampling series 5.2 The Theorem of Hinsen and Kloosters 6. Bernstein and Paley-Weiner spaces 6.1 Convolution and the cardinal series 6.2 Sampling and entire functions of polynomial growth 6.3 Paley-Weiner spaces 6.4 The cardinal series for Paley-Weiner spaces 6.5 The space ReH1 6.6 The ordinary Paley-Weiner space and its reproducing kernel 6.7 A convergence principle for general Paley-Weiner spaces 7. More about Paley-Weiner spaces 7.1 Paley-Weiner theorems - a review 7.2 Bases for Paley-Weiner spaces 7.3 Operators on the Paley-Weiner space 7.4 Oscillatory properties of Paley-Weiner functions 8. Kramer's lemma 8.1 Kramer's Lemma 8.2 The Walsh sampling therem 9. Contour integral methods 9.1 The Paley-Weiner theorem 9.2 Some formulae of analysis and their equivalence 9.3 A general sampling theorem 10. Ireggular sampling 10.1 Sets of stable sampling, of interpolation and of uniqueness 10.2 Irregular sampling at minimal rate 10.3 Frames and over-sampling 11. Errors and aliasing 11.1 Errors 11.2 The time jitter error 11.3 The aliasing error 12. Multi-channel sampling 12.1 Single channel sampling 12.3 Two channels 13. Multi-band sampling 13.1 Regular sampling 13.3 An algorithm for the optimal regular sampling rate 13.4 Selectively tiled band regions 13.5 Harmonic signals 13.6 Band-ass sampling 14. Multi-dimensional sampling 14.1 Remarks on multi-dimensional Fourier analysis 14.2 The rectangular case 14.3 Regular multi-dimensional sampling 15. Sampling and eigenvalue problems 15.1 Preliminary facts 15.2 Direct and inverse Sturm-Liouville problems 15.3 Further types of eigenvalue problem - some examples 16. Campbell's generalised sampling theorem 16.1 L.L. Campbell's generalisation of the sampling theorem 16.2 Band-limited functions 16.3 Non band-limited functions - an example 17. Modelling, uncertainty and stable sampling 17.1 Remarks on signal modelling 17.2 Energy concentration 17.3 Prolate Spheroidal Wave functions 17.4 The uncertainty principle of signal theory 17.5 The Nyquist-Landau minimal sampling rate
Feature extraction from wavelet coefficients for pattern recognition tasks (1999)

An efficient feature extraction method based on the fast wavelet transform is presented. The paper especially deals with the assessment of process parameters or states in a given application using the features extracted from the wavelet coefficients of measured process signals. Since the parameter assessment using all wavelet coefficients will often turn out to be tedious or leads to inaccurate results, a preprocessing routine that computes robust features correlated to the process parameters of interest is highly desirable. The method presented divides the matrix of computed wavelet coefficients into clusters equal to row vectors. The rows that represent important frequency ranges (for signal interpretation) have a larger number of clusters than the rows that represent less important frequency ranges. The features of a process signal are eventually calculated by the Euclidean norms of the clusters. The effectiveness of this new method has been verified on a flank wear estimation problem in turning processes and on a problem of recognizing different kinds of lung sounds for diagnosis of pulmonary diseases.
Effect of Calcium Ions on the Thermodynamics of Cucumber Tissue Softening (1990)

ABSTRACT Calcium ion was found to cause inhibition of softening in blanched cucumber tissue under acidic conditions due to a dominant effect of the calcium upon the entropy of activation for the softening reaction. This resulted in slower rates of softening despite a decline in the enthalpy of activation. Enthalpy/entropy compensation was found to occur. The isokinetic temperature for softening was 260 ± 9 K. An assumption was made that the hyperbolic inhibition of softening by calcium was due to saturation of a binding site by calcium. The dissociation constant for calcium from the proposed site was determined to be 1.5 mM at 30°C. This was considerably stronger binding than should occur if calcium was binding to pectin carboxyl groups under similar conditions. The apparent enthalpy and entropy for calcium binding were determined.
Fast BGP Face Retrieval Based on K-means Clustering (2018)

The traditional face image retrieval method is to compare the target picture with all the pictures in the database one by one, resulting in great time consumption. This paper used the binary gradient pattern (BGP) as face feature extractor. Firstly, the database was encoded offline. Then the encoded database was offline clustered. Next, we extracted the feature of the target picture by BGP and found the nearest clustering centre from the database encoding. Finally, the target picture code for retrieval was selected in the target class.
Liquid-crystal light deflector (1979)

It is shown experimentally that the cell with an n-type nematic liquid crystal may have two functions, light deflection and shutter, and that the cell with a reflective coating film may deflect a light beam about twice the angle achieved with a transmission type of cell.
Route-lifetime Estimation Based Dynamic Source Routing (2006)

Since frequently moving of nodes in the wireless ad hoc networks and instability of wireless channel,how to improve the route reliability becomes one of the main research subjects in such networks.In this paper,a new routing protocol,named as Route-lifetime Estimation Based Dynamic Source Routing(REBDSR),based on DSR,was proposed.REBDSR improve the route reliability in terms of estimations of link and route residual lifetime,During the route discovery,the policy of route selection of REBDSR depends on both route hops and the predicted route residual lifetime;proactive route maintenance algorithms predict whether or not the route is in risk condition and send route warning message to ensure route switch before the old route is actually broken. Besides,a new route cache management module is added to DSR,in order to alleviate the influence of stale route.A lot of simulation results demonstrate that the performance of REBDSR is superior to that of DSR when network is in moderate and heavy load condition,especially when nodes are in frequent motion.
Binding and transport of gangliosides by prosaposin. (1992)

Prosaposin, the precursor of saposins A, B, C, and D, which activate lysosomal hydrolysis of sphingolipids, exists in various tissues and body fluids and is especially abundant in the nervous system. Prosaposin and saposins A,B, C, and D formed stable complexes with 13 different gangliosides as measured by an assay using column chromatography. Gangliosides of the gangliotetraose type (a series) were bound with high affinity, whereas b series gangliosides, O-acetylated gangliosides, and gangliosides with shorter carbohydrate chains, were bound with lower affinity. Prosaposin and saposins transferred gangliosides from donor liposomes to erythrocyte ghost membranes. Prosaposin also stimulated ganglioside GM1 beta-galactosidase more than mature saposins. Prosaposin exists as a secretory protein and as an integral membrane protein, and we propose that prosaposin is active as a ganglioside binding and transport protein in vivo.
The aqueous medium-dimethylsulfoxide conundrum in biological studies (2014)

A series of straight and branched chain pyrogallol[4]arenes was studied and found to be essentially nontoxic to two strains of<italic>E. coli</italic>.
Conformations of six-membered ring phosphorus heterocycles. I. Ring conformations and phosphorus configurations of isomeric six-membered ring phosphites (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformations of six-membered ring phosphorus heterocycles. I. Ring conformations and phosphorus configurations of isomeric six-membered ring phosphitesWesley G. Bentrude and James H. HargisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 24, 7136–7144Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00727a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Serotonin incorporation as a marker of murine megakaryocyte proliferation in liquid cultures. (1988)

We have developed a new in vitro method for the quantitation of murine megakaryocyte proliferation that is based on the unique property of megakaryocytes to incorporate and store [14C]serotonin in cytoplasmic dense granules. The specificity of the assay was demonstrated by autoradiography of whole bone marrow cell suspensions, which showed evidence of grain accumulation only in megakaryocytes. Bone marrow cells were cultured in liquid cultures in the presence of a stimulator of megakaryocyte growth before the addition of 2.5 microM [14C]serotonin. The amount of serotonin incorporated in cells was evaluated after 3 h. Radioactivity peaked at days 6 and 7 and remained high until day 10; there was a linear relationship between the incorporation of serotonin and the number of cells plated. A dose-response curve between the incorporation of serotonin and the concentration of pokeweed mitogen spleen-conditioned medium (PWM-SCM) was observed, with inhibitory effects becoming predominant at the highest concentrations. The proliferation of megakaryocyte progenitors was also stimulated by partially purified interleukin 3, whereas both human recombinant erythropoietin and human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) failed to modify the incorporation of serotonin in comparison with unstimulated cultures. Finally, in parallel experiments we observed a significant correlation between the number of megakaryocytic colonies grown in agar and the radioactivity in liquid cultures. The method described herein is reproducible, sensitive, and easy to perform; it should be useful for the study and purification of factors affecting megakaryocyte proliferation.
Genetic and biochemical analysis of the aspartokinase from <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (1991)

The lysC/asd gene cluster of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 was cloned and sequenced. The lysC locus coding for aspartokinase consists of two in-frame overlapping genes, lysC alpha encoding a protein of 421 amino acids (Mr 44,300) and lysC beta encoding a protein of 172 amino acids (Mr 18,600). The C. glutamicum aspartokinase was purified and found to contain two proteins of Mr 47,000 and Mr 18,000. A C. glutamicum mutant expressing a feedback-resistant aspartokinase was shown to be changed in a single base pair of the lysC beta gene, leading to an amino acid exchange in the beta-subunit of the aspartokinase. In addition, the identified mutation was found to be responsible for the enhanced expression of the asd gene located downstream of lysC.
Enhancing in vehicle digital maps via GPS crowdsourcing (2011)

In this paper, we propose a simple and effective method to extend digital maps with the location and timing of stop-signs and traffic lights in a city, given GPS traces collected by on-road vehicles. Our system finds the location and timing of traffic lights and stop-signs using a small number of traces per road segment. We developed and evaluated the system by applying it to two sets of GPS traces - open street map, a multicity, publicly available database of GPS traces, and a set of traces collected in west Los Angeles. Evaluation results show that our system can estimate the location of stop-signs with as little as 5 traversal per road segment and the location/timing of traffic lights with as little as 7 traversals, with more than 90% accuracy.
The metalloprotease-directed shedding of BP 180 (collagen XVII) from human keratinocytes in culture is unaffected by ceramide and cell-matrix interaction. (2002)

The constitutive shedding of BP180 (collagen XVII) from human keratinocytes in culture was totally prevented by batimastat (5 microM), a wide spectrum matrix metalloprotease (MMP) inhibitor. However, keratinocytes did not express active MMP and generation of active Gelatinase A (MMP-2) and Gelatinase B (MMP-9) at the cell plasma membrane by increasing the ceramide content of keratinocytes did not influence BP180 processing to a 120 kDa species. A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) is probably involved in such a shedding event since release of 120 kDa polypeptide was inhibited by Decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg CH2Cl (30 microM), a specific furin convertase inhibitor; culturing cells on to several matrix substrata i.e. type I collagen, type IV collagen, laminin-1 or laminin-5 had no effect on BP180 processing. Overall our data indicated that the metalloprotease-mediated shedding of BP180 from keratinocytes in culture is insensitive either to agents which activate MAP kinase pathway (ceramide) or to cell-matrix interactions.
Transplantation of Adult Mouse iPS Cell-Derived Photoreceptor Precursors Restores Retinal Structure and Function in Retinal Degenerative Mice (2010)

This study was designed to determine whether adult mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), could be used to produce retinal precursors and subsequently photoreceptor cells for retinal transplantation to restore retinal function in degenerative hosts. iPSCs were generated using adult dsRed mouse dermal fibroblasts via retroviral induction of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, KLF4 and c-Myc. As with normal mouse ES cells, adult dsRed iPSCs expressed the pluripotency genes SSEA1, Oct4, Sox2, KLF4, c-Myc and Nanog. Following transplantation into the eye of immune-compromised retinal degenerative mice these cells proceeded to form teratomas containing tissue comprising all three germ layers. At 33 days post-differentiation a large proportion of the cells expressed the retinal progenitor cell marker Pax6 and went on to express the photoreceptor markers, CRX, recoverin, and rhodopsin. When tested using calcium imaging these cells were shown to exhibit characteristics of normal retinal physiology, responding to delivery of neurotransmitters.
Fibroblast growth factor and culture in monolayer rescue mesoderm cells destined to die in the developing avian wing (1991)

In an effort to elucidate control mechanisms for developmentally programmed cell death, conditions were sought that rescue the cells destined to die. Three areas of mesodermal cell death in the chick wing were examined: the posterior necrotic zone (PNZ), the opaque patch (OP), and apical mesoderm. The PNZ and OP are areas of normally programmed cell death, whereas the apical mesoderm undergoes cell death only after the overlying apical ectodermal ridge is excised. Cell death in vitro was quantitated using the chromium-release assay. While these tissues undergo apparently normal cell death in organ culture, in monolayer culture almost all are rescued. In addition, the cells are rescued by the addition of fibroblast growth factor to organ cultures. Since fibroblast growth factor is present in decreasing amounts in the limb at this stage of development, normal cell death may occur upon withdrawal of growth factor.
Neutralization of heparin by basic proteins of tumor cells: studies in vitro with protein rich in 14C-arginine. (1981)

14C-arginine rich basic protein isolated from the cytoplasm of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells neutralizes the anticoagulant of activity heparin. The action of this protein is greater than H3 histone rich in arginine derived from calf thymus.
Development of virgin polypropylene composite by sugarcane bagasse reinforcement (2011)

Maintaining or improving the welfare of the population is a complex issue involving individual and collective actions and institutions. Despite questions regarding the relevance of health care systems to these aims, they remain vital policy and treatment arenas with respect to curative and preventative regimes. As a component of social welfare, health care resources should be distributed equitably, according to need for health care. This paper evaluates alternative indicators of health status within Ontario against self-reported health as a means of allocating health care resources. Proxies of need for health care include standardized mortality ratios (based on the population aged 0-64) and a socioeconomic based indicator. Mortality indicators are found to be more closely correlated with self-reported health status than the socioeconomic indicator, suggesting that mortality is better able to reflect variations in health status and health care needs.
Fundamentals of statistical and thermal physics (1965)

This book is designed for the junior-senior thermodynamics course given in all departments as a standard part of the curriculum. The book is devoted to a discussion of some of the basic physical concepts and methods useful in the description of situations involving systems which consist of very many particulars. It attempts, in particular, to introduce the reader to the disciplines of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and kinetic theory from a unified and modern point of view. The presentation emphasizes the essential unity of the subject matter and develops physical insight by stressing the microscopic content of the theory.
Rendering Soft Shadows using Multilayered Shadow Fins (2006)

Abstract Generating soft shadows in real time is difficult. Exact methods (such as ray tracing, and multiple light source simulation) are too slow, while approximate methods often overestimate the umbra regions. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm based on the shadow map method to quickly and highly accurately render soft shadows produced by a light source. Our method builds inner and outer translucent fins on objects to represent the penumbra area inside and outside hard shadows, respectively. The fins are traced into multilayered light space maps to store illuminance adjustment to shadows. The viewing space illuminance buffer is then calculated using those maps. Finally, by blending illuminance and shading, a scene with highly accurate soft shadow effects is produced. Our method does not suffer from umbra overestimation. Physical relations between light, objects and shadows demonstrate the soundness of our approach.
Porphyrin–Polyyne [3]- and [5]Rotaxanes (2017)

Porphyrin-polyyne [3]- and [5]rotaxanes have been synthesized by condensing aldehyde-rotaxanes with pyrrole or dipyrromethane. The crystal structure of a [3]rotaxane shows that the macrocycles adopt compact conformations, holding the hexaynes near the porphyrin core, and that the phenanthroline units form intermolecular π-stacked dimers in the solid. Fluorescence spectra reveal singlet excited-state energy transfer from the threaded hexayne to the porphyrin, from the phenanthroline to the porphyrin, and from the phenanthroline to the hexayne.
Mathematical deep learning for pose and binding affinity prediction and ranking in D3R Grand Challenges (2018)

Advanced mathematics, such as multiscale weighted colored graph and element specific persistent homology, and machine learning including deep neural networks were integrated to construct mathematical deep learning models for pose and binding affinity prediction and ranking in the last two D3R grand challenges in computer-aided drug design and discovery. D3R Grand Challenge 2 (GC2) focused on the pose prediction and binding affinity ranking and free energy prediction for Farnesoid X receptor ligands. Our models obtained the top place in absolute free energy prediction for free energy Set 1 in Stage 2. The latest competition, D3R Grand Challenge 3 (GC3), is considered as the most difficult challenge so far. It has 5 subchallenges involving Cathepsin S and five other kinase targets, namely VEGFR2, JAK2, p38-$α$, TIE2, and ABL1. There is a total of 26 official competitive tasks for GC3. Our predictions were ranked 1st in 10 out of 26 official competitive tasks.
Differentiation of Bacillus anthracis from Bacillus cereus by gas chromatographic whole-cell fatty acid analysis (1991)

Three strains of Bacillus anthracis and seven strains of Bacillus cereus were grown on complex medium and on synthetic medium. Gas chromatographic analysis of whole-cell fatty acids of strains grown on complex medium gave nearly identical fatty acid patterns. Fatty acid patterns of strains grown on synthetic medium showed a high content of branched-chain fatty acids. Significant differences between the fatty acid patterns of the two species were found. Odd iso/anteiso fatty acid ratios were about equal in B. anthracis strains, whereas in B. cereus strains the fractions of iso acids were at least twice as high as the fractions of anteiso acids. The method described herein is used in our diagnostic laboratory to help differentiate between these two species.
A new phenylpropanoid derivative of catechin from the needles of<b><i>Taxus cuspidata</i></b> (2008)

Investigation of the lower molecular weight phenolics from the needles of Taxus cuspidata led to the isolation and structural elucidation of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin-(5,6-bc)-4beta-(4''-hydroxyphenyl)-dihydro-2(H)-pyranone (1), a new phenylpropanoid flavan-3-ol. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.
[Studies on the chemical constituents of Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. var. bracteatum (Willd.) Richter]. (2002)

All the compounds were obtained from this plant and genus Coeloglossum for the first time. V named coelovirin A, is a new compound.