gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IP reuse creation for system-on-a-chip design (2003)

The never ending increase of silicon capacity available to system and IC designers, as predicted by Moore's Law, brings on a cyclical crisis in design methodology and engineering productivity generating a ripple effect through the EDA and electronics industries. The system-on-a-chip era will need more than available silicon to become a reality. A new design methodology roadmap based on IP reuse needs to emerge. Two of the EDA giants, Synopsys and Mentor Graphics, took the initiative at DAC 1997 to set the pace for the new challenge of System-on-a-Chip design. After more than a year and the publishing of the Reuse Methodology Manual (RMM) that sets the stage for IP Reuse and System-on-a-Chip design, where do we stand? The Reuse Methodology Manual is well perceived and accepted by the design community and represents a stake in the ground towards ensuring rapid creation of reusable designs. Throughout this tutorial an attempt is made to describe the total SoC design now based on reusable IP and also to outline some non-trivial issues during this process: effect of available silicon capacity, SoC integration, SoC verification and documentation.
CT of follicular adenoma in the thyroid gland. (1987)

Computed tomography was performed in 27 lesions of follicular adenoma. About half of them showed heterogeneous low density areas due to retrogressive changes, especially internal hemorrhage. Seven out of 12 lesions whose contours were poorly defined had chronic focal thyroiditis of the adjacent thyroid gland. Internal hemorrhage was another cause of indistinct contour in two lesions. We stress that CT features of follicular adenomas are modified by their retrogressive changes and inflammation of the adjacent gland.
Decontamination of Alkaline Radioactive Waste by Ion Exchange (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDecontamination of Alkaline Radioactive Waste by Ion ExchangeJ. R. WileyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1978, 17, 1, 67–71Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260065a012https://doi.org/10.1021/i260065a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Comparison of Land, Water, and Energy Requirements of Lettuce Grown Using Hydroponic vs. Conventional Agricultural Methods (2015)

The land, water, and energy requirements of hydroponics were compared to those of conventional agriculture by example of lettuce production in Yuma, Arizona, USA. Data were obtained from crop budgets and governmental agricultural statistics, and contrasted with theoretical data for hydroponic lettuce production derived by using engineering equations populated with literature values. Yields of lettuce per greenhouse unit (815 m2) of 41 ± 6.1 kg/m2/y had water and energy demands of 20 ± 3.8 L/kg/y and 90,000 ± 11,000 kJ/kg/y (±standard deviation), respectively. In comparison, conventional production yielded 3.9 ± 0.21 kg/m2/y of produce, with water and energy demands of 250 ± 25 L/kg/y and 1100 ± 75 kJ/kg/y, respectively. Hydroponics offered 11 ± 1.7 times higher yields but required 82 ± 11 times more energy compared to conventionally produced lettuce. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first quantitative comparison of conventional and hydroponic produce production by example of lettuce grown in the southwestern United States. It identified energy availability as a major factor in assessing the sustainability of hydroponics, and it points to water-scarce settings offering an abundance of renewable energy (e.g., from solar, geothermal, or wind power) as particularly attractive regions for hydroponic agriculture.
Characterization of experimentally induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis in the medial femorotibial joint of horses (2006)

Use of contusive impacts on the MFC of horses results in cartilage lesions that are similar to those described clinically, supporting trauma as a contributing factor in the natural pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
Accountability and Empathy by Design (2019)

Bystander intervention can reduce the amount of cyberbullying victimization on social media, but bystanders often fail to act. Limited accountability for their behavior and a lack of empathy for the victim are frequently cited as reasons for why bystanders do not act against cyberbullying. We developed design interventions that aimed to increase accountability and empathy among bystanders. In Study 1, participants were experimentally exposed to three social media posts with different types of empathy nudges. Empathy nudges embedded into social media posts displayed the potential to motivate empathy. In Study 2, participants took part in a 3-day experiment that simulated a social media experience. Results suggested that increased social transparency on social media promoted accountability through heightened self-presentation concerns, but empathy nudges did not encourage greater bystander empathy. Both accountability and empathy predicted bystander intervention, but the types of bystander actions promoted by each mechanism differed. We consider how these results contribute to theories of bystander behavior and designing social media to promote prosocial behaviors.
Childhood obesity and risk of the adult metabolic syndrome: a systematic review (2011)

Little evidence was found to support the view that childhood obesity is an independent risk factor for adult blood lipid status, insulin levels, metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. The majority of studies failed to adjust for adult BMI and therefore the associations observed may reflect the tracking of BMI across the lifespan. Interestingly, where adult BMI was adjusted for, the data showed a weak negative association between childhood BMI and metabolic variables, with those at the lower end of the BMI range in childhood, but obese during adulthood at particular risk.
Mitogenic and Complement Activating Activities of the Herbal Components of Juzen-Taiho-To<sup>1</sup> (1992)

The Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine "Juzen-Taiho-To" (TJ-48), which was prepared by decocting a concoction (formula), contains ten kinds of herbs and has several immunostimulating activities. In order to determine the contribution of each herbal component, the complement-activating and mitogenic activities of the hot water extract as well as the polysaccharide fraction from each herb were tested. Hot water extracts of Glycyrrhizae radix, Astragali radix, and Atractylodes lanceae rhizoma showed significant mitogenic activity whereas that of Cinnamomi cortex showed potent complement-activating activity. However, the exclusion of any single component herb whether active or not on its own did not result in a loss or an increase of the overall activity of TJ-48. The polysaccharide fraction from Glycyrrhizae radix showed the most potent of both activities among the same fractions from the other nine herbs, and reduced both activities after periodate oxidation, thus indicating that the carbohydrate moiety may contribute to both activities.
Demarcation of prosencephalic regions by CD15‐positive radial glia (1998)

A subpopulation of radial glial cells has been identified in the mouse prosencephalon during the second half of embryonic development. This subpopulation, specified by the putative cell adhesion molecule CD15 (LeX, FAL), is arranged in a segmented pattern within the telencephalon and diencephalon. Glial processes, spanning the prosencephalic wall, first appear at E10.5 and remain clearly visible until E19, when staining of discrete nuclei begins to appear. Registration of the correspondence between ventricular and pial surfaces, however, is still possible due to the persistence of individual CD15-positive fibres. These can be traced even when the initial simple linear (radial) orientation between ventricular and pial surfaces becomes complicated and distorted. After birth, CD15 immunoreactivity is distributed in a mosaic pattern in the forebrain. Because radial glial cells provide a scaffolding system for postmitotic neurones, the pattern of CD15-positive fibres in the embryonic prosencephalon may also demarcate future discrete regions of the postnatal brain.
Zonula Occludens Toxin Acts as an Adjuvant through Different Mucosal Routes and Induces Protective Immune Responses (2003)

Zonula occludens toxin (Zot) is produced by Vibrio cholerae and has the ability to increase mucosal permeability by reversibly affecting the structure of tight junctions. Because of this property, Zot is a promising tool for mucosal drug and antigen (Ag) delivery. Here we show that Zot acts as a mucosal adjuvant to induce long-lasting and protective immune responses upon mucosal immunization of mice. Indeed, the intranasal delivery of ovalbumin with two different recombinant forms of Zot in BALB/c mice resulted in high Ag-specific serum immunoglobulin G titers that were maintained over the course of a year. Moreover, His-Zot induced humoral and cell-mediated responses to tetanus toxoid in C57BL/6 mice and protected the mice against a systemic challenge with tetanus toxin. In addition, we found that Zot also acts as an adjuvant through the intrarectal route and that it has very low immunogenicity compared to the adjuvant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Finally, by using an octapeptide representing the putative binding site of Zot and of its endogenous analogue zonulin, we provide evidence that Zot may bind a mucosal receptor on nasal mucosa and may mimic an endogenous regulator of tight junctions to deliver Ags in the submucosa. In conclusion, Zot is a novel and effective mucosal adjuvant that may be useful for the development of mucosal vaccines.
Stimulation by retinoic acid of prostaglandin production and its inhibition by tumor promoters in mouse myeloid leukemia cells. (1981)

Retinoic acid induced lysozyme activity in mouse myeloid leukemia M1 cells. It also stimulated the synthesis and release of prostaglandins such as prostaglandin F2alpha, E2, and D2 by the cells. The particulate fraction of retinoic acid-treated M1 cells converted arachidonate to prostaglandins, and this conversion was almost completely inhibited by indomethacin. Retinol, retinal and retinyl acetate, but not the pyridyl analog of retinoic acid, also induced lysozyme activity and stimulated synthesis and release of prostaglandins. Indomethacin inhibited the induction of lysozyme activity by retinoic acid. The induction of lysozyme activity and the stimulation of prostaglandin E2 production were dependent on the concentration of retinoic acid. Kinetic studies showed that stimulation of prostaglandin E2 production by retinoic acid was followed by induction of lysozyme activity. The tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and phorbol 12,13-didecanoate inhibited the induction of lysozyme activity by retinoic acid, but 4 alpha-phorbol didecanoate and phorbol did not. TPA and phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate, but not 4 alpha -phorbol didecanoate, also inhibited the stimulation of prostaglandin E2 production by retinoic acid. These results suggest that stimulation by retinoic acid of prostaglandin E2 production in M1 cells is a prerequisite for the induction of lysozyme activity. On the other hand, both retinoic acid and TPA inhibited the induction by dexamethasone of phagocytic activity, which is a typical functional marker of differentiation of M1 cells, without causing significant growth inhibition. Suboptimal concentrations of retinoic acid and TPA had synergistic inhibitory effects on the induction of phagocytic activity of M1 cells by dexamethasone.
Differential effects of rapamycin and retinoic acid on expansion, stability and suppressive qualities of human CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T regulatory cell subpopulations (2012)

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells is a successful therapy for autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection in experimental models. In man, equivalent manipulations in bone marrow transplant recipients appear safe, but questions regarding the stability of the transferred regulatory T cells during inflammation remain unresolved. In this study, protocols for the expansion of clinically useful numbers of functionally suppressive and stable human regulatory T cells were investigated. Regulatory T cells were expanded in vitro with rapamycin and/or all-trans retinoic acid and then characterized under inflammatory conditions in vitro and in vivo in a humanized mouse model of graft-versus-host disease. Addition of rapamycin to regulatory T-cell cultures confirms the generation of high numbers of suppressive regulatory T cells. Their stability was demonstrated in vitro and substantiated in vivo. In contrast, all-trans retinoic acid treatment generates regulatory T cells that retain the capacity to secrete IL-17. However, combined use of rapamycin and all-trans retinoic acid abolishes IL-17 production and confers a specific chemokine receptor homing profile upon regulatory T cells. The use of purified regulatory T-cell subpopulations provided direct evidence that rapamycin can confer an early selective advantage to CD45RA(+) regulatory T cells, while all-trans retinoic acid favors CD45RA(-) regulatory T-cell subset. Expansion of regulatory T cells using rapamycin and all-trans retinoic acid drug combinations provides a new and refined approach for large-scale generation of functionally potent and phenotypically stable human regulatory T cells, rendering them safe for clinical use in settings associated with inflammation.
Castle Cars, Inc. v. United States Fire Insurance Co.: The Bona Fide Purchaser's Insurable Interest in Stolen Property (1982)

J. D. W., Castle Cars, Inc. v. United States Fire Insurance Co.: The Bona Fide Purchaser's Insurable Interest in Stolen Property, Virginia Law Review, Vol. 68, No. 3, Twenty-Sixth Annual Survey of Developments in Virginia Law, 1980-81 (Mar., 1982), pp. 651-669
Execution Time Compensation for Cloud Applications by Subtracting Steal Time based on Host-Level Sampling (2016)

Accurate measurement of program execution time is indispensable to time-based charge systems and performance debugging in all computer systems. However, cloud application execution time cannot be measured properly because measurement in a virtual machine (VM) includes additional time called steal time. The steal time of each program in a VM is unrecognizable by existing standard operating system (OS) tools. Therefore, it is quite difficult for performance engineers to grasp the accurate execution time of each program in a VM. In this ongoing work, we show the novel point of steal in the broad sense and describe how to compensate for function-level execution time in each program in a VM. Our novel approach works by subtracting steal time, which is based on the time-series data of host-level sampling in each function. We implement our approach as a host-level kernel module based on hardware performance counters and some user-level analysis programs. Therefore, our method requires no modification of user applications, guest OSes, a virtual machine monitor (VMM) or a host OS. Finally, our results demonstrate accurate execution time of a function-level guest program, with an overhead lower than 1% for practical use.
SQLSAM: SQL for statistical analysis and modeling (2002)

Statistical modeling and analysis is extensively used in businesses for various purposes including graphic visualization of data, measurement of central tendencies and other statistics, and inferences on populations based on samples. Data is the fundamental component of each of these activities. In this paper an extension of the standard database language SQL for statistical modeling and analysis is presented. Models covered include descriptive analytic and graphic measures, discrete probability distributions, continuous probability distributions, inferential statistics, and regression analysis. Through the use of SQLSAM, seamless integration of existing data in organizations' databases and their statistical analysis can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simultaneous Resolution and Detection of a Drug Substance, Impurities, and Counter Ion Using A Mixed-Mode HPLC Column with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (1997)

Abstract An alternative approach to developing individual potency, impurity, and counter ion methods is the simultaneous resolution and detection of the drug substance, impurities, and the counter ion in a single chromatogram. LY326315 hydrochloride was used as a model compound to demonstrate this concept. The separation was achieved using a conventional HPLC system with an Alltech mixed-mode column, a reversed phase eluant, and evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). The mixed-mode column, which has both reversed phase and ion chromatography functionalities (e.g. phenyl/cation, C8/anion), coupled with ELSD offers a novel approach to simultaneously resolving and detecting pharmaceutical compounds and counter ions in a single chromatogram.
Low-power sequential access memory design (2003)

This paper presents the design and evaluation of a sequential access memory (SAM) that provides low power and high performance by replacing address decoders with special locally-communicating sequencers. A test chip containing one 16/spl times/16-b SAM and one 64/spl times/16-b SAM (consisting of four 16/spl times/16-b banks) has been designed, fabricated, and evaluated using a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process. With a clock frequency of 40 MHz at 1.2 V, the measured worst-case read power dissipations for the 16/spl times/16-b SAM and the 64/spl times/16-b SAM are 344 /spl mu/W and 358 /spl mu/W respectively, demonstrating power dissipation that is largely independent of SAM size.
Abstract 3626: Development of inhibitors of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) kinase using a fragment based approach (2010)

Abstract Recent data in a number of tumour types has implicated Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and Fibroblast Growth Factor receptor (FGFR) signalling as being key to the molecular pathology of cancer. FGFR is a receptor tyrosine kinase which activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase / mitogen-activated protein kinase and the protein kinase B / Akt pathways which promote cell growth and survival. Amplification, over-expression or activating mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptors have been associated with bladder tumours, multiple myeloma, hormone-refractory prostate cancer and breast cancer. Multiple lead series of FGFR inhibitors were developed using Astex's fragment based medicinal chemistry approach, Pyramid™, linked to high throughput X-ray Crystallography. We describe here the characterisation of some examples of these lead molecules. In particular we detail the pharmacological profile of a compound from one of these lead series that demonstrated activity against FGFR 1-4 with an IC50 &lt;100nM in an isolated kinase assay. This compound inhibited FGFR1-4 kinase activity in BaF3 cell lines engineered to express the relevant kinase fusion proteins and proliferation and survival of a panel of FGFR-dependent human tumour cell lines derived from several different tissues. The cytotoxic activity was &gt;10 fold lower in cell lines lacking FGFR expression. We demonstrate inhibition of FGFR 2 and 3 phosphorylation in gastric and multiple myeloma cell lines respectively with associated inhibition of downstream signalling pathways. This lead molecule has an excellent pharmacokinetic profile and high oral bioavailibility in mice and rats. In xenograft models in mice where aberrant FGF signalling underlies tumour pathology, tumour growth inhibition is observed at doses of 100mg/kg /day orally for 21 days. This xenograft efficacy was observed in several models, with significantly lower activity in models where aberrant FGF signalling is not involved in tumour pathology. This suggests that the mechanism of action is consistent with FGFR inhibition. The pharmacological profile in these models is also distinct from other broader spectrum receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The pre-clinical data shown here suggests that such compounds warrant further investigation pre-clinically and may benefit patients whose disease is driven by FGFR activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3626.
A Pyrimidine Analog of Thiamine and the Growth of Fungi (1942)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Aero-engine vibration diagnosis on a DSP-accelerated personal computer (1992)

Rolls-Royce is developing vibration diagnostic techniques to identify corrective action for engines rejected during acceptance tests and in flight. The detailed analysis techniques have shown potential production cost savings if applied to engines during their developmental stage to build a database. This paper describes the philosophy and early development of a PC based system, the Diagnostic Engine Vibration System (DEVS).<
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Asthma induced by enkephalin. (1980)

A total of 291 diabetics were studied to see whether an asthmatic reaction was associated with facial flushing induced by chlorpropamide and alcohol. Of these patients, 191 reported facial flushing, of whom 12 reported breathlessness as well. Of these 12, five also described wheezing, and respiratory function tests showed them to have asthma. Three of these five patients underwent further tests, which showed that the asthmatic reaction could be prevented by giving disodium cromoglycate and the specific opiate antagonist naloxone. One patient developed wheezing when given an enkephalin analogue with opiate-like activity. Asthma induced by chlorpropamide and alcohol was concluded to be mediated by endogenous peptides with opiate-like activity such as enkephalin.
Response of Type IIIa-J Kodak Spectroscopic Plates to Baking in Various Controlled Atmospheres (1971)

A new emulsion with excellent signal-to-noise characteristics has been hypersensitized to speeds practicable for astronomical applications by baking in a controlled nitrogen atmosphere. Important gains are achieved in speed and fog suppression relative to the usual procedure of baking in air.
Cable-Based Reconfigurable Machines for Large Scale Manufacturing (2000)

This paper explores winch-driven cable systems---in particular, cable-based Stewart platform machines---as candidates for reconfigurable, large-scale, manufacturing systems. Cable-based systems are less expensive and more compact for a given range of motion and are more lightweight and easier to reconfigure than large scale systems that use ballscrews and ways. Thus, cable-based machines are appealing as an economical choice for applications that require a large range of motion, such as aircraft or ship manufacturing and construction