gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absorption Enhancement of Solar Concentrators via New Surface Photonic Designs (2010)

Enhancing absorption of solar cells over the solar spectrum is one of the most important ways to improve such devices’ performances. In this research, two-dimensional surface photonic designs were suggested to introduce rotationally distributed reciprocal vectors, which will match the guiding modes of the thin planar layer of an active material, and thus to further couple the incident light laterally into the layer. This allows the use of a fewer amount of active materials, increases the devices’ angle acceptance, and reduces costs for both fabrication and system installation.
Plasma Oscillator (1950)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Gottfried Wehner; Plasma Oscillator. J. Appl. Phys. 1 January 1950; 21 (1): 62–63. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699426 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioJournal of Applied Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The Perception of Men and Women and the Pets They Own: Female Necessarily Equal Feline? (2006)

While much research had investigated factors that influence the decisions io own pets, little is known about perceptions of people who own pets. In an examination of the perceptlons of people who own animals that do not fit the gender stereotype for pet ownership, 134 volunteers from a local state college were randomly assigned to one of four scenario conditions. The scenarios depicted either a man or a woman living with three cats or three dogs. Participants rated the character's level of masculinity or femininity. Scales of comfort around animals, empathy, liking of animals, and masculinity and femininity were also measured. Analyses indicated that participants found women to be less feminine when they owned multiple dogs. Results also showed that when participants displayed a high level of pet enjoyment, they also showed high liking for animals in general.
Benefit of Kupffer cell modulation with glycine versus Kupffer cell depletion after liver transplantation in the rat: effects on postischemic reperfusion injury, apoptotic cell death graft regeneration and survival* (2005)

Inhibition or destruction of Kupffer cells (KC) may protect against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) induced primary graft nonfunction (PNF) in liver transplantation. Besides KC activation, PNF is characterized by microvascular perfusion failure, intrahepatic leukocyte accumulation, cell death and hepatocellular dysfunction. KCs can be inactivated by different agents including gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), methyl palmitate (MP) and glycine. The effects of three KC inactivators on IR-injury after rat liver transplantation were compared in the present study. Lewis liver donors were treated with GdCl3, MP, glycine or saline (control). Liver grafts were transplanted following 24 h storage (UW solution). KC populations and IR damage were assessed by histologic analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and intravital microscopy. The number of hepatic ED-1 positive macrophages was diminished after GdCl3 (114.8+/-4.4/mm2 liver tissue) and MP treatment (176.0+/-5.0), versus the glycine (263.9+/-5.5) and control (272.1+/-5.6) groups. All three treatment modalities downregulated phagocytic activity for latex particles, paralleled by reduced microvascular injury (acinar perfusion index, GdCl3: 0.75+/-0.03; MP: 0.83+/-.03; glycine: 0.84+/-0.03; 0.63+/-0.03). Quantitative RT-PCR revealed elevated myeloperoxidase mRNA after glycine versus GdCl3 and MP pretreatment (3.2- and 3.4-fold, P=0.011, respectively), without difference to controls (2.9-fold of glycine). TNFalpha-mRNA was reduced after glycine- (5.2-fold), GdCl3- (19.7-fold), MP-treatment (39.5-fold) compared with controls. However, profound prevention of intrahepatic cell death and liver graft failure was solely achieved with glycine preconditioning. Different than GdCl3 and MP, glycine modulates rather than destroys KCs. Glycine appears to preserve cell viability and to TNFalpha/leukocyte dependent organ regeneration capacity, which is related to increase graft survival following liver transplantation.
System Call Redirection: A Practical Approach to Meeting Real-World Virtual Machine Introspection Needs (2014)

Existing VMI techniques have high overhead, and require customized introspection programs/tools for different guest OS versions - lack of generality. In this paper, we present Shadow Context, a system for close-to-real time manual-effort-free VMI. Shadow Context can meet several important real-world VMI needs which existing VMI techniques cannot. Compared to other automatic introspection tool generation techniques, Shadow Contexthas two merits: (1) Its overhead is significantly less. It achieves close-to-real time VMI. (2) It significantly improves the practical usefulness of introspection tools by allowing one introspection program to inspect a variety of guest OS versions. These merits are achieved via a new concept called "Shadow Context" which allows the guest OSessystem call code to be reused inside a "shadowed" portion of the context of the out-of-guest inspection program. Besides, Shadow Context is secure enough to defend against a variety of real world attacks. Shadow Context is designed, implemented and systematically evaluated. Experimental results show that the performance overhead is about 75%with a median initialization time of 0.117 milliseconds.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Therapy in Pediatric Patients With Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (1997)

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a lethal inherited childhood cholestasis of hepatocellular origin. Different subtypes of PFIC have been described according to serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity. There is currently no effective medical therapy available for children with PFIC. We report on 39 patients with PFIC who received ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) orally (20-30 mg/kg b.w./day) for a period of 2 to 4 years. Group 1 (n = 26) consisted of children with normal GGT activity, and group 2 (n = 13) of children with high GGT activity. Within group 1, liver tests normalized in 11 children, improved in 5, and stabilized or worsened in 10. Within group 2, liver tests normalized in six children, improved in four, and stabilized or worsened in three. Improvement of parameters was associated with an enrichment of the circulating pool of bile acids with UDCA. Hepatosplenomegaly and pruritus disappeared or diminished in children in whom liver tests normalized. In nine of these children, liver tests worsened and normalized again after stopping and restarting UDCA. Liver histology assessed in four children after normalization of liver tests and 2 years of treatment showed a decrease in fibrosis. We conclude that UDCA should be considered in the initial therapeutic management of children with PFIC, because it appears effective in resolving or improving the liver function and the clinical status of a fair proportion of children. Chronic UDCA therapy might thus avoid the need for liver transplantation in some children with PFIC.
Optical nanofiber as an efficient tool for manipulating and probing atomic Fluorescence (2007)

We experimentally demonstrate efficient coupling of atomic fluorescence to the guided mode of a subwavelength-diameter silica fiber, an optical nanofiber. We show that fluorescence of a very small number of atoms, around the nanofiber can be readily observed through a single-mode optical fiber. We also show that such a technique enables us to probe the van der Waals interaction between atoms and surface with high precision by observing the fluorescence excitation spectrum through the nanofiber.
Theory of Financial Risk and Derivative Pricing (2003)

Risk control and derivative pricing have become of major concern to financial institutions, and there is a real need for adequate statistical tools to measure and anticipate the amplitude of the potential moves of the financial markets. Summarising theoretical developments in the field, this 2003 second edition has been substantially expanded. Additional chapters now cover stochastic processes, Monte-Carlo methods, Black-Scholes theory, the theory of the yield curve, and Minority Game. There are discussions on aspects of data analysis, financial products, non-linear correlations, and herding, feedback and agent based models. This book has become a classic reference for graduate students and researchers working in econophysics and mathematical finance, and for quantitative analysts working on risk management, derivative pricing and quantitative trading strategies.
Interfacially confined RAFT miniemulsion copolymerization of styrene and butadiene (2012)

Abstract In this study, ammonolyzed poly(styrene‐ alt ‐maleic anhydride) terminated with dithioester group can be self‐assembled into an amphiphilic macro‐reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, and RAFT group will be located in the interface of oil and water. RAFT polymerization of styrene (S) and butadiene (B) will be confined in the interface. The main work is to study the effect of degree of aminolysis, reaction temperature, and ratio of S/B on the polymerization kinetics and living characters. The experimental results revealed that aminolysis of dithioester group would lead to retardation and loss of living characters under higher degree of aminolysis. Interfacially confined RAFT miniemulsion polymerizations were of relatively good controlled/living characters under lower degree of aminolysis before gelation. Increase of reaction temperature and ratio of S/B will accelerate the formation of gelation. Finally, styrene/butadiene copolymer nanoparticles with uniform particle size were formed, and because of microphase segregation “core–shell” morphology with polybutadiene core and polystyrene shell was seen obviously. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The “Fixatuer Interne” as a Versatile Implant for Spine Surgery (1987)

The "fixateur interne" is a new device for posterior spine surgery. It consists of long Schanz screws which are inserted from a posterior approach through the pedicles into the vertebral bodies, and of connecting threaded longitudinal rods, carrying mobile clamps which can be fixed in every position by nuts. The long leverarms of the Schanz screws facilitate manual reduction. They are removed at the end of operation. As the device is stable against flexion and rotation by itself, it does not act on the four-point bending principle. Thus, the fixation can be restricted to the immediately adjacent vertebrae of a lesion, leaving the rest of the spine mobile. In fracture treatment instrumentation is combined with a direct repair of the anterior loss of bone stock by a transpedicular bone grafting procedure from the same dorsal approach. This report presents and discusses 183 instrumentations in fresh fractures, posttraumatic deformities, degenerative diseases, tumors, and severe spondylolistheses. The main advantage is the short fixation area and the ease of after treatment.
Quantitative structure-activity relationships within a homologous series of 7-alkoxyresorufins exhibiting activity towards CYP1A and CYP2B enzymes: molecular modelling studies on key members of the resorufin series with CYP2C5-derived models of human CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 (2004)

1. The results of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) within a homologous series of 7-n-alkoxyresorufins are reported. They are consistent with homology modelling of the relevant P450s involved in their metabolism. 2. QSARs were generated for activities involving CYP1A and CYP2B enzymes with structural descriptors relating to compound planarity and other shape parameters, together with certain features of the n-alkoxyresorufin electronic structure, especially electron densities and superdelocalizabilities. 3. A quadratic relationship between compound lipophilicity and binding to CYP2B enzymes was apparent, and which indicated maximal interaction for 7-pentoxyresorufin. Such indications help to explain enzyme selectivity in terms of optimal alkyl chain length for fitting within the relevant active site region. 4. Calculation of the binding affinities for methoxy-, ethoxy-, pentoxy- and benzyloxy-resorufins towards either CYP1A2 or CYP2B6 enzymes, depending on the 7-alkoxyresorufin agree favourably with experimental values obtained from K(m) determinations.
Endotracheal tube safety during laser surgery (1987)

The most morbid complication of laryngeal laser surgery is an endotracheal tube fire. The purposes of this study were to determine the efficiency of saline solution-soaked cottonoid pledgets in protecting endotracheal tube cuffs from the laser beam and to evaluate the safety of four commonly used endotracheal tubes. The method involved measurement of perforation times of saline-soaked cottonoid pledgets with controlled variables of air exposure times and laser energy. The second part evaluated the safety and ignition properties of the red rubber, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, and Xomed Laser-Shield tubes by studying their perforation times and ignition properties under controlled oxygen concentrations. The results revealed that saline-soaked pledgets are very efficient in protecting endotracheal tube cuffs. The Laser-Shield tube was the safest one studied. It had the highest ignition threshold of the four tubes tested.
Asynchronous signal processing for brain-computer interfaces (2011)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide a way to monitor and treat neurological diseases. An important application of BCIs is the monitoring and treatment of epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, symptomatic of abnormal, excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. BCIs contain an array of sensors that gather and transmit data under the constrains of low-power and minimal data transmission. Asynchronous sigma delta modulators (ASDMs) are considered an alternative to synchronous analog to digital conversion. ASDMs are non-linear feedback systems that enable time-encoding of analog signals, from which the signal can be reconstructed. An efficient reconstruction of time-encoded signals can be achieved using a prolate spheroidal waveform (PSW) projection. PSWs have finite time support and maximum energy concentration within a given bandwidth. The ASDM time-encoding is related to the duty-cycle modulation and demodulation, which shows that sampling is non-uniform. For transmission of data from BCI, we propose a modified orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique using chirp modulation. Our method generalizes the chirp modulation of binary streams with non-uniform symbol duration. Our theoretical results relate to recent continuous-time digital signal processing and compressive sampling theories.
Heterogeneously Integrated III-V on Silicon Distributed Feedback Lasers at 1310 nm (2015)

We report performances of III-V/Si distributed feedback lasers at 1310 nm. Continuous wave regime is achieved up to 55°C, with room-temperature threshold of 35 mA, while mode-hope-free operation with side-mode suppression ratio above 55 dB is measured. The -3dB bandwidth is 6.7 GHz.
Withaferin A Causes FOXO3a- and Bim-Dependent Apoptosis and Inhibits Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cells <i>In vivo</i> (2008)

Withaferin A (WA) is derived from the medicinal plant Withania somnifera, which has been safely used for centuries in Indian Ayurvedic medicine for treatment of different ailments. We now show, for the first time, that WA exhibits significant activity against human breast cancer cells in culture and in vivo. The WA treatment decreased viability of MCF-7 (estrogen-responsive) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen-independent) human breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The WA-mediated suppression of breast cancer cell viability correlated with apoptosis induction characterized by DNA condensation, cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation, and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. On the other hand, a spontaneously immortalized normal mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) was relatively more resistant to WA-induced apoptosis compared with breast cancer cells. The WA-mediated apoptosis was accompanied by induction of Bim-s and Bim-L in MCF-7 cells and induction of Bim-s and Bim-EL isoforms in MDA-MB-231 cells. The cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation resulting from WA exposure was significantly attenuated by knockdown of protein levels of Bim and its transcriptional regulator FOXO3a in both cell lines. Moreover, FOXO3a knockdown conferred marked protection against WA-mediated induction of Bim-s expression. The growth of MDA-MB-231 cells implanted in female nude mice was significantly retarded by 5 weekly i.p. injections of 4 mg WA/kg body weight. The tumors from WA-treated mice exhibited reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis compared with tumors from control mice. These results point toward an important role of FOXO3a and Bim in regulation of WA-mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.
Irrelevant variability normalization based HMM training using map estimation of feature transforms for robust speech recognition (2008)

In the past several years, we've been studying feature transformation (FT) approaches to robust automatic speech recognition (ASR) which can compensate for possible "distortions" caused by factors irrelevant to phonetic classification in both training and recognition stages. Several FT functions with different degrees of flexibility have been studied and the corresponding maximum likelihood (ML) training techniques developed. In this paper, we study yet another new FT function which takes the most flexible form of frame-dependent linear transformation. Maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation is used for estimating FT function parameters to deal with the possible problem of insufficient training data caused by the increased number of model parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is confirmed by evaluation experiments on Finnish Aurora3 database.
Natural Language Interfaces to Databases - An Introduction (1995)

This paper is an introduction to natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDBs). A brief overview of the history of NLIDBs is first given. Some advantages and disadvantages of NLIDBs are then discussed, comparing NLIDBs to formal query languages, form-based interfaces, and graphical interfaces. An introduction to some of the linguistic problems NLIDBs have to confront follows, for the benefit of readers less familiar with computational linguistics. The discussion then moves on to NLIDB architectures, portability issues, restricted natural language input systems (including menu-based NLIDBs), and NLIDBs with reasoning capabilities. Some less explored areas of NLIDB research are then presented, namely database updates, meta-knowledge questions, temporal questions, and multi-modal NLIDBs. The paper ends with reflections on the current state of the art.
Navigational Bronchoscopy for Early Lung Cancer: A Road to Therapy (2016)

Peripheral lung nodules remain challenging for accurate localization and diagnosis. Once identified, there are many strategies for diagnosis with heterogeneous risk benefit analysis. Traditional strategies such as conventional bronchoscopy have poor performance in locating and acquiring the required tissue. Similarly, while computerized-assisted transthoracic needle biopsy is currently the favored diagnostic procedure, it is associated with complications such as pneumothorax and hemorrhage. Video-assisted thoracoscopic and open surgical biopsies are invasive, require general anesthesia and are therefore not a first-line approach. New techniques such as ultrathin bronchoscopy and image-based guidance technologies are evolving to improve the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. Virtual bronchoscopy and electromagnetic navigation systems are novel technologies based on assisted-computerized tomography images that guide the bronchoscopist toward the target peripheral lesion. This article provides a comprehensive review of these emerging technologies.
Hypoxia-induced structural changes in the media and adventitia of the rat hilar pulmonary artery and their regression. (1980)

Chronic hypobaric hypoxia induces structural features characteristic of pulmonary hypertension, but little is known of their reversal. In the present study, rats have been exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 10 days and subsequently allowed to recover in room air for 3, 14, 28, or 70 days. With the use of 1-mu sections and electron-microscopic and point-counting techniques, the regression of the medial and adventitial changes in the rat hilar intrapulmonary artery has been followed. In the media, 10-day hypoxia causes more than a doubling in thickness due to 1) hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells, particularly of rough sarcoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus; 2) an increase in extracellular connective tissue, microfibrils, collagen fibers, and elastin, and 3) edemalike fluid. In addition, the elestic laminas are doubled in thickness, and myofilamentous processes of the hypertrophied smooth muscle cells contact them. After just 3 days' recovery, some cells have already returned to normal diameter, although medial thickening is unchanged. By Day 14 and at Days 28 and 70 of recovery, medial thickness and cell diameter are within the normal range, and by recovery Day 70, there is a significant increase in the relative areal proportion of extracellular collagen fibers and a decrease in elastin (P less than 0.001). Hypoxia also produces a more than twofold increase in adventitial thickness. Hypertrophy of fibroblasts and an increase in their number contribute to the thickening, as does as increase in collagen fibers. During 3-70 days of recovery, thickness is gradually reduced to normal levels, although it is still significantly above normal at Days 3, 14, and 28. The increases in thickness at these times are due mainly to the accumulation of collagen fibers, which are still apparent after 70 days of recovery. Thus, hypoxia causes a doubling in thickness of the medial and adventitial coats of the hilar muscular pulmonary artery, which with recovery regain near normal thickness but whose structure is altered. The increase in collagen fibers contributes to contracture and reduced distensibility in these vessels, which is apparent in arteriograms as narrowed lumen diameter.
P2PSIP Event Notification Extension (2009)

The p2p technology is data centric, where the data objects are
distributed in the p2p overlay according to the routing algorithm.
Applications access the data objects via peer/client protocol or
gateways, and some of them require data replicas to be synchronized in
real time, such as a data object stored in overlay and its cache copy
in client memory. This can be achieved by introducing an event
notification extension to p2p protocol. This document describes the
subscribe/notify mechanism for p2psip and define several new methods
to implement such extension.