gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Phase-Change Material Using Verilog-A and its Validation as a Memory Element (2014)

This paper presents SPICE modeling of Phase-change Random Access Memory (PCRAM). Different models of PCRAM have been already proposed but those models still lack capability to exactly model the behavior of PCRAM. In this paper we have introduced various physical parameters in the programming, to accurately model PCRAM behavior. The modeling of PCRAM cell has been done in Verilog-A and simulation results have been extensively verified using SPICE. Further, we have integrated the proposed model with the modified CNFET based read-write circuit. This paper emerges with the successful modeling of R-I characteristics of PCRAM. Read and write operations with proper programming pulses have also been demonstrated in this paper.
Electrochemical studies of gold and chloride in ionic liquids (2006)

For the first time, the electrochemistry of gold has been studied in detail in a ‘second-generation’, non-haloaluminate, ionic liquid. In particular, the electrochemical behaviour of Na[AuCl4] has been investigated in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis{(tifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide, [C4mim][NTf2], over gold, platinum and glassy carbon working electrodes. The reduction of [AuCl4]− initially forms [AuCl2]− before deposition on the electrode as Au(0). To enable stripping of deposited gold or electrodissolution of bulk gold, the presence of chloride, trichloride or chlorine is required. Specifically trichloride and chlorine have been identified as the active species which preferentially form Au(I) and Au(III), respectively.
Evaluating the usability of portable electronic books (2003)

This paper outlines the methodology and results of the EBONI Project's evaluation of portable electronic books, in which staff from UK academia were provided with a selection of book readers and asked to report back on their experiences. A set of issues of importance to users of electronic books is uncovered, and compared with concerns arising from other experiments in the same field. Finally, recommendations for successful ebook design are made.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TOPSIS AND FUZZY TOPSIS FOR THE EVALUATION OF TRAVEL WEBSITE SERVICE QUALITY (2012)

The Internet revolution has led to significant changes in the way travel agencies interact with customers. Travel websites provide customers diverse services including travel information and products through the Internet. In practical envir onments, Internet users face a variety of travel website service quality (TWSQ) that is vague from human beings' subjective judgments, and most criteria have some degree of interdependent or interactive characteristics. In the face of the strong competitio n environment, in order to profit by making customers proceed with transactions on the websites, travel websites should pay more attention to improve their service quality. This study discusses the major factors for travel agency websites quality from the viewpoint of users' perception and explores the use of multiple - attribute decision making (MADM) approaches for the evaluation of TWSQ. A comparative analysis of Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Fuzzy TOPSIS metho ds are illustrated through a practical application from the websites of five travel agencies. Empirical results showed that the proposed methods are viable approaches in solving the evaluation problem of TWSQ.
An MRI-Compatible Surgical Robot for Precise Radiological Interventions (2003)

Accuracy evaluation procedures and phantom tests were performed, with the required accuracy of approximately 1 mm being achieved and no significant artifacts being caused by the robotic device during MR image acquisition.
Efficient decentralized consensus protocols in a distributed computing system (2003)

Two classes of efficient decentralized consensus protocols for a distributed computing system consisting of an arbitrary number of nodes, one without an initiator and the other with an initiator, are described. It is shown that the protocol without an initiator can be systematically executed and completed in the minimal number of steps. The protocol with an initiator is divided into three phases: broadcasting phase, shuffling phase, and confirming phase. It is proved that under the protocol with initiator, a distributed system of p nodes reaches consensus with an initiator in the minimal number of steps required. The total number of messages required by the protocol with initiator is derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Good practice with endometrial ablation (1995)

Endometrial ablation is a new procedure. Correct patient selection is essential in producing good results. Patients must be counseled carefully about the advantages, disadvantages, and potential complications of this approach to the management of menstrual disorders. The main indication for endometrial ablation is heavy menstrual loss in the absence of organic disease. Excessive uterine size, the presence of active pelvic infection, and evidence of malignant and premalignant endometrium are absolute contraindications. Ablation can be produced by electrosurgical resection, rollerball or rollerbarrel ablation and Nd-YAG laser ablation. Severe complications can occur, and techniques should be adopted to avoid uterine perforation, hemorrhage, and excessive fluid absorption. In skilled hands, endometrial ablation can be a safe and effective treatment for menorrhagia.
MONITORING DAN KONTROL AUTOMATISASI PRESS MACHINE MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROL (2016)

Batam is an industrial city that most of the population is an employee, the employee has a very solid working time is 8am to 5pm. If the work is done manually so much energy is wasted and because the fatigue factor is usually the job of being not as expected. Then this problem can be solved by creating a machine that can be controlled by other media and can work automatically but can reduce manpower energy can also reduce workpieces reject or damaged. From the tests these systems work very well yet experienced an error. So with this machine is expected society to save energy will be wasted to work.
Flux pinning and critical current density in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Eu</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>superconductors (1987)

We have studied the magnetic characteristics of the critical states of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Eu-Ba-Cu-O high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors. Magnetization data at various temperatures have revealed a very large magnetic hysteresis. The highly irreversible behavior was found to exist both in bulk samples and in well-isolated particles. These effects are consistent with the existence of large pinning forces caused by the structural defects in these materials. By analyzing the hysteretic magnetization data, the critical current density ${J}_{c}$ as a function of the external magnetic field has been obtained at several temperatures. The variation of the trapped flux with temperature (up to ${T}_{c}$) has also been measured.
A hardware acceleration method for volumetric ray tracing (1995)

In this paper we present an acceleration method for volumetric ray tracing which utilizes standard graphics hardware without compromising image accuracy. The graphics hardware is employed to identify those segments of each ray that could possibly contribute to the final image. A volumetric ray tracing algorithm is then used to compute the final image, traversing only the identified segments of the rays. This technique can be used to render volumetric isosurfaces as well as translucent volumes. In addition, this method can accelerate the traversal of shadow rays when performing recursive ray tracing.
Effects of tableting procedures on the preferred orientation of crystalline particles. (1982)

The effects of tableting procedures on the preferred orientation of phenacetin and aspirin crystals in a tablet were investigated. Among aspects of tableting procedures which might affect the preferred crystal orientation, the granulation process, the shape of the punch and the addition of magnesium stearate were investigated. A wet granulation method decreased the mobility of crystals during compression, and thus reduced the degree of preferred orientation. This phenomenon was considered to be one of reasons for the improved lamination properties seen with the granulation method. The shape of the punch affected the preferred orientation ; a concave punch caused a more complex preferred orientation pattern than a flat punch. The preferred orientation was considered to correspond to the stress distribution in a tablet. Magnesium stearate reduced the interparticle friction and facilitated the attainmnet of preferred orientation. The characteristic preferred orientation of crystals in the neighborhood of the upper surface and side surface of a tablet was investigated. The broadest faces of crystals were aligned in parallel to the upper punch face and the die wall.
Polarizing beam splitter integrated onto an optical fiber facet (2018)

When light either leaves or enters an optical fiber, one often needs free-space optical components to manipulate the state of polarization or the light's phase profile. It is therefore desirable to integrate such components onto a fiber end facet. In this paper, we realize, for the first time, a polarizing beam splitter fabricated directly onto the end facet of a single-mode optical fiber. The element is composed of a refractive prism, intentionally slightly displaced from the core of the fiber, and an elevated and suspended sub-wavelength diffraction grating, the lamellae of which have an aspect ratio of about 5. This integrated micro-optical component is characterized experimentally at 1550 nm wavelength. We find that the two emerging output beams exhibit a degree of polarization of 81 percent and 82 percent for Transverse Magnetic (TM) and Transverse Electric (TE) polarization, respectively.
A 1.4-2.7-GHz analog MMIC vector modulator for a crossbar beamforming network (1997)

The design and performance of a monolithic 1.4-2.7-GHz vector modulator with analog amplitude and phase control are presented in this paper. A full 360/spl deg/ coverage range and a dynamic range greater than 13 dB is achieved by combining two out of three vectors 120/spl deg/ apart with variable amplitude. Amplitude control is performed by three sets of quasi-dual-gate MESFETs (two single-gate MESFETs in cascade) while the 120/spl deg/ shift among the vectors is achieved through LC filters covering the 1.4-2.7-GHz band. Since the active devices throughout the circuit are not working in saturation, large-signal models must be used in the simulations. The circuit is used as the matrix node element in an analog crossbar beamforming network (CBFN) and as the general-purpose wide-band vector modulator device.
Ovarian Activity and Hormonal Patterns in Gilts Fed Allyl Trenbolone2 (1981)

A study was conducted to establish the profile of reproductive hormones and the degree of ovarian activity in gilts fed either 2.5 or 15.0 mg of allyl trenbolone (AT) daily. Progesterone levels following regression of corpora lutea remained low (less than 1 ng/Ml) during progestin treatment. In gilts given 2.5 mg AT, plasma estradiol (E2) levels fluctuated between 7 and 13 pg/ml during treatment and began to decrease by day 2 after withdrawal of AT. Gilts given 15 mg of AT had lower (P less than .01) plasma concentrations of E2 (2.5 pg/ml) during treatment; concentrations began to increase the day after withdrawal of AT, reaching a maximum of 13.1 pg/Ml in 3.5 to 4.0 days. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were low (less than 1.5 ng/ml) during AT treatment. Daily feeding of AT prevented estrus in all gilts. A preovulatory surge of LH (4 ng/ml) was observed on the first day of the first post-treatment estrus. Gilts given 2.5 mg of AT daily had more (P less than .01) follicles of ovulatory size during treatment and a higher frequency of cystic follicles after withdrawal than gilts given 15 mg of AT daily. Estrus was effectively synchronized in gilts given 15 mg of AT daily, whereas the feeding of 2.5 mg AT daily resulted in an increased incidence of anestrus.
Gender differences in pain: does X = Y? (2008)

Increasing evidence suggests that men and women differ in their responses to pain. Women report intense pain more often than men afflicted with similar ailments. A variety of psychological, cellular, and hormonal modulations have important roles in the experience of pain. The aims of this course are to update anesthesia providers about the differences between genders in pain sensitivity and treatment and to elucidate the complex aspects of the biology of such differences. Providers need to understand and anticipate gender as a potential factor in pain response and opioid requirements. Continued research in this area may someday provide gender-specific medications for pain treatment and a better understanding of certain prevalent pain conditions between genders.
Survey of Recent Progress in Polymerization Studies of Selected Heterocycles (1973)

Abstract The last symposium exclusively on the polymerization of cyclic ethers and sulfides held at an ACS meeting took place in Atlantic City in September 1965 [11. This survey is intended to give a general overview of the areas of active research since then and to summarize the progress that has been made in these areas. The polymerizations of cyclic ethers and cyclic sulfides are compared and contrasted. The influence of the size of the heterocyclic ring on the polymerization is described. In addition, the survey is intended to anticipate in a general way what the other participants in this symposium will discuss in detail so that the conference will seem more a single unit rather than a series of disconnected papers. As usual, limitations of time and space compel a certain selection process and no attempt has been made to be all-inclusive.
Sphinganine‐Like Biogenesis of (<i>E</i>)‐1‐Nitropentadec‐1‐ene in Termite Soldiers of the Genus <i>Prorhinotermes</i> (2014)

In 1974, (E)-1-nitropentadec-1-ene, a strong lipophilic contact poison of soldiers of the termite genus Prorhinotermes, was the first-described insect-produced nitro compound. However, its biosynthesis remained unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that (E)-1-nitropentadec-1-ene biosynthesis originates with condensation of amino acids with tetradecanoic acid. By using in vivo experiments with radiolabeled and deuterium-labeled putative precursors, we show that (E)-1-nitropentadec-1-ene is synthesized by the soldiers from glycine or L-serine and tetradecanoic acid. We propose and discuss three possible biosynthetic pathways.
Synergistic effect of vitamin D and remdesivir can fight COVID-19 (2020)

"Synergistic effect of vitamin D and remdesivir can fight COVID-19." Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 39(11), pp. 4198–4199 Conflict of interestNone
Modeling Coupled Fracture-Matrix Fluid Flow in Geomechanically Simulated Fracture Networks (2005)

Summary In conventional reservoir simulations, gridblock permeabilities are frequently assigned values larger than those observed in core measurements to obtain reasonable history matches. Even then, accuracy with regard to some aspects of the performance such as water or gas cuts, breakthrough times, and sweep efficiencies may be inadequate. In some cases, this could be caused by the presence of substantial flow through natural fractures unaccounted for in the simulation. In this paper, we present a numerical investigation into the effects of coupled fracture-matrix fluid flow on equivalent permeability. A fracture-mechanics-based crack-growth simulator, rather than a purely stochastic method, was used to generate fracture networks with realistic clustering, spacing, and fracture lengths dependent on Young's modulus, the subcritical crack index, the bed thickness, and the tectonic strain. Coupled fracture-matrix fluid-flow simulations of the resulting fracture patterns were performed with a finite-difference simulator to obtain equivalent permeabilities that can be used in a coarse-scale flow simulation. The effects of diagenetic cements completely filling smaller aperture fractures and partially filling larger aperture fractures were also studied. Fractures were represented in finite-difference simulations both explicitly as grid cells and implicitly using nonneighbor connections (NNCs) between grid cells. The results indicate that even though fracture permeability is highly sensitive to fracture aperture, the computed equivalent permeabilities are more sensitive to fracture patterns and connectivity.
Compressibility of hydrated and anhydrous Na<sub>2</sub>O‐2SiO<sub>2</sub> liquid and also glass to 8 GPa using Brillouin scattering (2005)

Brillouin scattering measurements have been carried out on an aqueous solution of Na 2 O‐2SiO 2 and anhydrous Na 2 O‐2SiO 2 glass and liquid under in situ pressures to 8 GPa in the temperature range from 300 to 850 K. This temperature range spans through the glass transition of both the hydrous and anhydrous forms of Na 2 O‐2SiO 2 . The “modified” platelet scattering geometry has allowed us for the first time to determine V P independently from refractive index and hence the adiabatic compressibility and density of liquids as a function of pressure and temperature. The observed increase in density of the melt and glass phases formed at high‐pressure‐temperature conditions is likely associated with structural effects. There is a marked change in pressure derivative of adiabatic bulk modulus ( K ′ S = dK S / dP ) between the two phases. The large values of K ′ S of the liquid phase illustrate that the means of compaction of the liquid differ substantially from those of the glass and that the liquid is able to access a wider range of compaction mechanisms. The measured bulk modulus of the aqueous sodium silicate solution is highly temperature‐dependent but is much more similar to values of silicate melts than to that of end‐member water, particularly at high pressures. Thus water‐rich silica‐bearing solutions present at depth are likely to be difficult to seismically distinguish from anhydrous silicate melts solely on the basis of their sound velocities. The data on water‐bearing compounds allow the pressure dependence of the partial molar volume of water to be assessed to upper mantle depths. These results are in excellent agreement with prior determinations and illustrate the utility of Brillouin experiments coupled with the externally heated diamond anvil cell in determining partial molar properties of liquids at high pressures.
<title>Improved temporal response in virtual environments through system hardware and software reorganization</title> (1996)

Excessive end-to-end latency and insufficient update rate continue to be major limitations of virtual environment (VE) system performance. Beginning from a typical baseline VE in which a spatial tracker is polled to deliver data via an RS-232 interface at each update of a single application program, we examined a series of hardware and software reconfigurations with the aim of reducing end-to-end latency and increasing update rate. These reconfigurations included: (1) multiple asynchronous UNIX processes communicating via shared memory; (2) continuous streaming rather than polled tracker operation; (3) multiple rather than single tracker instruments; and (4) higher bandwidth IEEE-488 parallel communication between tracker and computer. Starting from an average latency of 65 msec and an update rate of 20 Hz for a standard 1000 polygon test VE, our most successful implementation to date runs at 60 Hz (the maximum achievable with our graphics display hardware) with approximately 30 msec average latency. Because our equipment and architecture is based on widely available hardware (i.e., SGI computer, Polhemus Fastrak) and software (i.e., Sense8 WorldToolKit), our techniques and results are broadly applicable and easily transferable to other VE systems.
Monitoring system for thermal barrier coatings with RF radar measurement (2007)

A monitoring principle able to identify damage on the thermal barrier coating of gas turbine blades and vanes is presented. The principle is applicable to in-service turbine monitoring. It is based on the resonant quarter wavelength effect of thin layers, which causes phase shift and attenuation of the reflected signal. The reflectivity is derived theoretically and evaluated by laboratory measurements. It was evident that especially the phase information is adequate to distinguish coated areas from those where coating has already been spalled off.
Synthesis and Reactions of Aroyl Substituted Enone Mannich Salts (2000)

The classical Mannich reaction of aromatic methyl ketones with paraformaldehyde and dimethylamine hydrochloride resp. dimethyl(methylene)ammonium chloride has been extended to a few cases of 1-aryl-2-dimethylaminomethyl-prop-2-en-1-ones (ADMP reagents). They have gained remarkable attention in medicinal chemistry, but only more recently their properties as valuable building blocks for ring closure reactions to form either aroyl or dimethylaminomethyl substituted heterocyclic compounds has been evaluated. In this review, a collection of representative examples for their preparation (Scheme 2) and biological effects as well as the synthetic potential for the synthesis of heterocycles (Scheme 3—8) is given. The reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin delivers with ADMP reagents, via the formation of detectable 3-(2-benzoylallyl)-4-hydroxycoumarins as secondary substitution products, after ring closure 3-benzoyl-3,4-dihy-dro-2H,5H-1-benzopyrano[4,3-b]pyran-5-ones (Scheme 4). The reaction of 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyran-2-one with ADMP reagents is investigated systematically in order to assess its suitability in carbon—carbon bond forming reactions as well as to provide the conditions for subsequent ring closure or intermolecular addition of further nucleophiles to the enone double bond of the intermediate 3-(2-benzoylallyl)-4-hy-droxy-6-methylpyran-2-ones yielding miscellaneous 3-substituted 2-pyrones (Scheme 5 and 8), and their application as building blocks for the combinatorial chemistry. The condensation of ADMP reagents with 2-aminopyridines gives rise to 3-benzoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidines (Scheme 6) and the corresponding reaction using amidines affords 5-benzoyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines (Scheme 7).
Development of a consensus protocol to quantify primate anti‐non‐<scp>G</scp>al xenoreactive antibodies using pig aortic endothelial cells (2014)

We have developed an assay that allows the detection of natural and induced non-Gal xenoreactive antibodies present in human or baboon serum in a reliable and consistent manner. This consensus assay and format for reporting the data should be accessible to laboratories and will be useful for assessing experimental results between multiple research centers. Adopting this assay and format for reporting the data should facilitate the detection, monitoring, and detailed characterization of non-Gal antibody responses.