gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple Epigenetic Method for the Diagnosis and Classification of Brain Tumors (2004)

Abstract The new, simple, and reliable method for the diagnosis of brain tumors is described. It is based on a TLC quantitative determination of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in relation to its damage products of DNA from tumor tissue. Currently, there is evidence that oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the etiology and progression of several human diseases. Oxidative damage of DNA, lipids, and proteins is deleterious for the cell. m5C, along with other basic components of DNA, is the target for ROS, which results in the appearance of new modified nucleic acid bases. If so, m5C residue constitutes a mutational hotspot position, whether it occurs within a nucleotide sequence of a structural gene or a regulatory region. Here, we show the results of the analysis of 82 DNA samples taken from brain tumor tissues. DNA was isolated and hydrolyzed into nucleotides, which, after labeling with [γ-32P]ATP, were separated on TLC. Chromatograms were evaluated using PhosphorImager and the amounts of 5-methyldeoxycytosine (m5dC) were calculated as a ratio (R) of m5dC to m5dC + deoxycytosine + deoxythymidine spot intensities. The R value could not only be a good diagnostic marker for brain tumors but also a factor differentiating low-grade and high-grade gliomas. Therefore, DNA methylation pattern might be a useful tool to give a primary diagnosis of a brain tumor or as a marker for the early detection of the relapse of the disease. This method has several advantages over those existing nowadays.
Heparan sulfate: lessons from knockout mice (2001)

HS binds to many proteinsHS proteoglycans on cell surfaces, in basement membranes, or in cartilage (see Figure 1) influence biological processes by interacting with a large number of physiologically important macromolecules.The HS polysaccharide chains of the proteoglycans, covalently attached to different core proteins, carry negatively charged sulfate groups, whose position on the disaccharide building blocks of the polysaccharide (Nacetylglucosamine-hexuronic acid; see Esko and Lindahl, this Perspective series, ref. 1) contributes to the specificity of the interactions.Many signaling molecules, such as FGFs, VEGF, TGF-β1 and -β2, as well as several chemokines and cytokines, bind to HS present on cell surface proteoglycans (2) (see Figure 1).As first demonstrated for FGFs, the proteoglycans act as coreceptors for the signaling molecules (see ref.3).In addition, ECM proteins, proteases, protease inhibitors, lipases, lipoproteins, and microbial proteins are known to show affinity for HS.The pharmacologically important interaction between the protease inhibitor antithrombin and heparin (a highly sulfated variant of HS), which results in inhibition of blood coagulation, depends on several essential sulfate groups (4).In particular, the 3-O-sulfate group of the glucosamine residue in the middle of the interacting pentasaccharide sequence contributes greatly to the high-affinity binding between the polysaccharide and the protein.The interaction results in a conformational change in antithrombin, which now becomes a much more efficient inhibitor of blood coagulation.Signaling of bFGF (FGF-2) through its receptor will not occur without binding of the growth factor to HS.In this case, 2-Osulfate groups of iduronic acid residues have been shown to be part of the interacting saccharide sequence (see Gallagher, this Perspective series, ref. 5).
Recent Advances in Avalanche Photodiodes (2006)

The paper reports on recent work on avalanche photodiodes (APDs) which focused on developing new structures and incorporating alternative materials that will yield lower excess noise and higher speed while maintaining optimal gain levels
Oral Pretreatment of Mice with CpG DNA Reduces Susceptibility to Oral or Intraperitoneal Challenge with Virulent<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (2003)

Listeria monocytogenes is an enteroinvasive intracellular bacterial pathogen that infects humans and other animals, including mice, sometimes resulting in severe systemic infections. Previous studies showed that intraperitoneal (i.p.) pretreatment of susceptible BALB/c mice with immune-stimulatory CpG DNA 48 to 96 h prior to i.p. challenge with virulent L. monocytogenes reduces bacterial numbers in livers by greater than 100-fold, correlating with recovery from infection. Here we show that oral pretreatment of BALB/c mice with CpG DNA results in decreased susceptibility to either oral or i.p. challenge with L. monocytogenes. A single dose of 200 microg of CpG DNA administered to BALB/c mice orally by gavage 48 h or 7 days before oral challenge with virulent L. monocytogenes reduces bacterial numbers approximately 10- to 100-fold in livers and spleens. Lymphotoxin alpha knockout mice lacking Peyer's patches (PPs) and pretreated orally with CpG DNA 48 h prior to oral challenge with L. monocytogenes also have reduced susceptibility to infection, suggesting that PPs are required neither for oral infection nor for CpG-induced resistance against oral infection with L. monocytogenes. Surprisingly, 48-h oral pretreatment of BALB/c mice with 100 to 200 microg of CpG DNA results in approximately 100-fold-decreased bacterial numbers in livers following i.p. challenge with L. monocytogenes, suggesting, along with other data in this report, that orally delivered CpG DNA induces systemic resistance to infection. These results indicate that oral administration of CpG DNA induces systemic innate immune defenses against either oral or systemic infection with virulent L. monocytogenes.
Extrinsic circular dichroic effects in retinoates (1986)

(–)-1-Phenylethyl retinoate shows a Cotton effect with c.d. bands at 360, 245, and 215 nm, whereas (+)-octan-2-yl retinoate has no such band in the 220–450 nm region. This can be explained either in terms of a dipole–dipole interaction between the phenyl and retinylidene moieties or in terms of the dissymmetric environment of the polyene. The results are pertinent to the origin of c.d. in rhodopsins.
Diagnosis of acute cardiac rejection with antimyosin monoclonal antibody, phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, two-dimensional echocardiography, and endocardial biopsy. (1987)

A cervical heterotopic cardiac allograft model was used to compare noninvasive techniques with endocardial biopsy diagnosis of rejection. The transplant procedure was performed in eight dogs (12 to 16 kg), with a mean ischemic time of 83 minutes. Beginning on the day of the operation each allograft was evaluated daily by palpation, two-dimensional echocardiography, phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and septal endocardial biopsy. At specific intervals after the operation, antimyosin monoclonal antibody (Fab fragment) with an indium-111 label was administered for subsequent gamma camera imaging. Rejection was clinically evident by 2 to 8 days with a mean of 3.5 days. Endocardial biopsy demonstrated moderate to severe rejection by 2 to 4 days. Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated early loss of wall thickening dynamics in all allografts. Although subtle changes were evident early in some transplants, these findings were not consistent. After recovery from hypothermic ischemia, evaluation of high energy phosphate metabolites with phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed a progressive decrease in phosphocreatine during mild to moderate rejection, dropping to 30% to 40% of baseline levels with severe rejection. Antimyosin antibody uptake directly correlated with endocardial biopsy rejection scores (R2 = 0.97). With mild to moderate rejection, mean total counts and corrected counts were 222,704 and 112,648, respectively, and were significantly different (p less than 0.05) from baseline counts (135,537 and 58,530) without rejection. As a preliminary finding in untreated acute rejection, both antimyosin antibody and phosphorous nuclear magnetic spectroscopy detected changes consistent with mild to moderate rejection, which usually preceded echocardiographic evidence for injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Broadband Dual-Polarized Dual-OAM-Mode Antenna Array for OAM Communication (2016)

The generation of multimode orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying beams has attracted more and more attention. A broadband dual-polarized dual-OAM-mode uniform circular array is proposed in this letter. The proposed antenna array, which consists of a broadband dual-polarized bow-tie dipole array and a broadband phase-shifting feeding network, can be used to generate OAM mode -1 and OAM mode 1 beams from 2.1 to 2.7 GHz (a bandwidth of 25%) for each of two polarizations. Four orthogonal channels can be provided by the proposed antenna array. A 2.5-m broadband OAM link is built. The measured crosstalk between the mode matched channels and the mode mismatched channels is less than -12 dB at 2.1, 2.4, and 2.7 GHz. Four different data streams are transmitted simultaneously by the proposed array with a bit error rate less than 4.2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> at 2.1, 2.4, and 2.7 GHz.
Targeting a binding pocket within the trimer-of-hairpins: Small-molecule inhibition of viral fusion (2004)

Trimeric class I virus fusion proteins undergo a series of conformational rearrangements that leads to the association of C- and N-terminal heptad repeat domains in a "trimer-of-hairpins" structure, facilitating the apposition of viral and cellular membranes during fusion. This final fusion hairpin structure is sustained by protein-protein interactions, associations thought initially to be refractory to small-molecule inhibition because of the large surface area involved. By using a photoaffinity analog of a potent respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor, we directly probed the interaction of the inhibitor with its fusion protein target. Studies have shown that these inhibitors bind within a hydrophobic cavity formed on the surface of the N-terminal heptad-repeat trimer. In the fusogenic state, this pocket is occupied by key amino acid residues from the C-terminal heptad repeat that stabilize the trimer-of-hairpins structure. The results indicate that a low-molecular-weight fusion inhibitor can interfere with the formation or consolidation of key structures within the hairpin moiety that are essential for membrane fusion. Because analogous cavities are present in many class I viruses, including HIV, these results demonstrate the feasibility of this approach as a strategy for drug discovery.
Effects of Mutation and Crossover in Genetic Algorithms for Node Placement in WMNs Considering Giant Component Parameter (2011)

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are currently attracting a lot of attention from wireless research and technology community due to their importance as means for providing cost-efficient broadband wireless connectivity. WMNs are based on mesh topology, in which every node is connected to one or more nodes, enabling thus the information transmission in more than one path. In this paper, we deal with the effects of mutation and crossover operators in GA for node placement problem. We evaluate the performance of the proposed system using different genetic operators and different distributions of router nodes considering giant component parameter. The simulation results show that for Exponential and Linear Ranking methods, the system has a good performance.
Tumor M2-pyruvate kinase in lung cancer patients: immunohistochemical detection and disease monitoring. (2002)

The present data indicate that Tumor M2-PK in EDTA-plasma could be a valuable tumor marker for monitoring lung cancer.
Transformation between Diphosphinoamines and Iminobiphosphines:  a Reversible PNP ↔ NP−P Rearrangement Triggered by Protonation/Deprotonation (2004)

The protonation of diphosphinoamines attached to pyridine at the ortho-position quantitatively affords the corresponding iminobiphosphine isomers. The starting material can be recovered quantitatively by deprotonation with base. The system represents a new type of molecular switch.
Partial purification of murine B cell stimulatory factor (BSF)-1. (1985)

BSF-1 was partially purified from serum-free culture supernatants of cells of the EL-4 thymoma line, which had been induced 48 hr earlier with 4 beta-phorbol-12 beta-myristate-12 alpha-acetate (PMA). BSF-1 in 10-liter batches was adsorbed onto and eluted from trimethylsilyl-controlled pore glass beads (TMS-CpG) and then subjected to reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The recovery of BSF-1 activity by TMS-CpG and RP-HPLC ranged from 52 to 55% and 187 to 227%, respectively. The specific activity in units per milligram of protein of partially purified BSF-1 was approximately 2600 times higher than that of the culture supernatant protein. The partially purified BSF-1 had a single isoelectric point of 6.3 and an apparent m.w. between 18,000 and 21,700 when analyzed by isoelectric focusing and gel filtration-HPLC, respectively. The ability to prepare large amounts of partially purified BSF-1 by a rapid and efficient procedure should be of great help in both biochemical and immunologic studies of this lymphokine.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PEROXIDIZED LIPIDS IN BRUCHʼS MEMBRANE (1999)

Lipids are known to accumulate in Bruch's membrane, an acellular layer with no known intrinsic mechanisms to combat lipid peroxidation. In related studies, lipid peroxides have been shown to induce neovascularization by inducing expression of a cascade of angiogenic cytokines. This is the first study to show that lipid peroxides, biological molecules that have the potential to incite new vessel growth, occur in Bruch's membrane. The increase in amount of peroxidized lipids with age, combined with their vasogenic potential, suggests that peroxidized lipids may play a role in the etiology of age-related macular degeneration, particularly choroidal neovascularization.
Minireview: CNS Mechanisms of Leptin Action (2015)

Leptin is an adipocytokine that circulates in proportion to body fat to signal the repletion of long-term energy stores. Leptin acts via its receptor, LepRb, on specialized neuronal populations in the brain (mainly in the hypothalamus and brainstem) to alter motivation and satiety, as well as to permit energy expenditure and appropriate glucose homeostasis. Decreased leptin, as with prolonged caloric restriction, promotes a powerful orexigenic signal, decreases energy use via a number of neuroendocrine and autonomic axes, and disrupts glucose homeostasis. Here, we review what is known about cellular leptin action and focus on the roles for specific populations of LepRb-expressing neurons for leptin action.
Modular tissue engineering: engineering biological tissues from the bottom up (2009)

Tissue engineering creates biological tissues that aim to improve the function of diseased or damaged tissues. To enhance the function of engineered tissues there is a need to generate structures that mimic the intricate architecture and complexity of native organs and tissues. With the desire to create more complex tissues with features such as developed and functional microvasculature, cell binding motifs and tissue specific morphology, tissue engineering techniques are beginning to focus on building modular microtissues with repeated functional units. The emerging field known as modular tissue engineering focuses on fabricating tissue building blocks with specific microarchitectural features and using these modular units to engineer biological tissues from the bottom up. In this review we will examine the promise and shortcomings of "bottom-up" approaches to creating engineered biological tissues. Specifically, we will survey the current techniques for controlling cell aggregation, proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition, as well as approaches to generating shape-controlled tissue modules. We will then highlight techniques utilized to create macroscale engineered biological tissues from modular microscale units.
Homoleptic Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Containing Ln−C σ-Bonds (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTHomoleptic Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Containing Ln−C σ-Bonds†Melanie Zimmermann‡ and Reiner Anwander*‡§View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: (+49) 7071 2972069. Fax: (+49) 7071 292436. E-mail: [email protected]†In memory of Herbert Schumann.‡University of Bergen.§Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 10, 6194–6259Publication Date (Web):September 29, 2010Publication History Received22 April 2010Published online29 September 2010Published inissue 13 October 2010https://doi.org/10.1021/cr1001194Copyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views5565Altmetric-Citations243LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (23 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Alkyls,Chemical structure,Lanthanides,Ligands,Metals Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of a polymeric film-forming sunscreen preparation in tranquilized hairless mice (1978)

A method is described for the EVALUATION of SUNSCREEN PREPARATIONS using HAIRLESS MICE. The mice were treated with TRANQUILIZERS to prevent removal of the agents by grooming. Three preparations were evaluated: 5 % p-aminobenzoic acid in absolute ethanol; 5 % p-aminobenzoic acid in 55 % ethanol with skin moisturizers, and 3.3 % octyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoate in a vehicle that forms a polymeric coating on the skin. Each product was evaluated two ways: 1) exposure to fluorescent sun lamps and 2) immersion in water followed by exposure to the sun lamps. All three products provided comparable protection, provided the animals were not immersed in water. Only the product which formed a POLYMERIC FILM provided suitable protection following immersion in water.
<i>Grp78</i> Heterozygosity Promotes Adaptive Unfolded Protein Response and Attenuates Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance (2009)

HFD-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes are improved in Grp78(+/-) mice. Adaptive UPR in WAT could contribute to this improvement, linking ER homeostasis to energy balance and glucose metabolism.
Human trials of experimental AIDS vaccines (1993)

From the Vaccine Research and Development Branch, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Heavy Petroleum Composition. 1. Exhaustive Compositional Analysis of Athabasca Bitumen HVGO Distillates by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry: A Definitive Test of the Boduszynski Model (2010)

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) allows detailed characterization of complex petroleum samples at the level of elemental composition assignment. Ultrahigh-resolution (450 000−650 000 at m/z 500) enables identification of isobaric species that differ in mass by 3 mDa or less, and high mass accuracy (mass error of better than 300 ppb), combined with Kendrick mass sorting, allows for unambiguous molecular formula assignment to each of more than 10 000−20 000 peaks in each mass spectrum. Thus, it is possible to identify, sort, and monitor thousands of elemental compositions simultaneously, as a function of the boiling point. Here, the detailed FT-ICR MS characterization of an Athabasca bitumen heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO) distillation series exposes the progression of heteroatom class, type (double bond equivalents (DBE), number of rings plus double bonds to carbon), and carbon number for tens of thousands of crude oil species, as a function of the boiling point. Specifically, we analyze a distillation series of Athabasca bitumen HVGO with cut temperatures from the initial boiling point (IBP) to 538 °C (in eight cuts) by atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), as well as positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) FT-ICR MS, to determine the distributions of nonpolar and polar species, as a function of the HVGO boiling point. Compositional distributions reveal definitive heteroatom class, type, and carbon number trends among distillation cuts, and provide the first detailed compositional evidence in support of the Boduszynski model that describes the progression of petroleum composition and structure as a function of the boiling point. Quantitation of the aromaticity and carbon number profiles of both polar and nonpolar species in all distillate cuts further affirms the validity of the Boduszynski model for the HVGO distillate range, and provides evidence for cycloalkane linkages, in addition to polyaromatic cores.
노인성질환에 의한 삼킴장애에 대한 임상통계학적 연구 (2010)

연구목적: 본 연구는 노인성 질환에 의한 삼킴장애에 대해 임상통계학적으로 분석하여 질환별 특징과 발생 빈도를 알아보고, 노인성 질환자들의 삼킴 곤란에 대한 재활치료의 필요성을 제안하고자 하였다. 연구방법: P재활의학병원 작업치료실로 의뢰된 환자 중 삼킴장애를 동반한 노인성 질환자 58명을 대상으로 비디오투시삼킴검사 및 의무기록지를 통해 성별 및 연령별, 질환별, 증상별로 통계적 분석을 하였다. 연구결과: 본 연구에서 나타난 결과는 첫째, 성별 및 연령별 분석에서 여성보다 남성의 삼킴장애 환자 수가 더 많았으며, 60세 이상의 노인성질환자에서 삼킴장애 빈도가 확연히 증가하였고, 특히 70대에서 가장 많은 수를 차지하였다. 둘째, 질환별 분석에서 유병율이 가장 높은 ``뇌졸중`` 질환에서 삼킴장애 빈도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 셋째 증상별 분석에서는 구강기의 ``삼킴 후 구강 잔여물`` 빈도가 가장 높게 나타났고, 인두기의 ``삼킴 반사 지연`` 빈도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 결론: 삼킴장애는 삶의 질에 중요한 영향을 미치는데, 이는 특히 노인성질환에 의해 많이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 앞으로 노인의 삼킴곤란에 대해 관심을 기울이고, 본 연구는 작업치료사에 의한 노인의 삼킴장애 예방 프로그램의 활성화를 제안하고자 한다.
A GPU accelerated interactive interface for exploratory functional connectivity analysis of FMRI data (2011)

Functional connectivity analysis is a way to investigate how different parts of the brain are connected and interact. A common measure of connectivity is the temporal correlation between a reference voxel time series and all the other time series in a functional MRI data set. An fMRI data set generally contains more than 20,000 within-brain voxels, making a complete correlation analysis between all possible combinations of voxels heavy to compute, store, visualize and explore. In this paper, a GPU-accelerated interactive tool for investigating functional connectivity in fMRI data is presented. A reference voxel can be moved by the user and the correlations to all other voxels are calculated in real-time using the graphics processing unit (GPU). The resulting correlation map is updated in real-time and visualized as a 3D volume rendering together with a high resolution anatomical volume. This tool greatly facilitates the search for interesting connectivity patterns in the brain.