gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved circuits for the realization of switched-capacitor filters (1980)

New topologies for switched-capacitor filters are presented. The circuits are based on a pair of complementary integrators and have transfer functions independent of parasitic capacitances between any node and ground. Design equations are given for low-pass, bandpass, high-pass, and notch biquads, as well as ladder simulation filters. The ladder simulation filters are scaled for optimum dynamic range. Discrete prototypes of both cascade and ladder simulation filters are used to verify the theory.
Gene therapy of ovarian cancer using IL-21-secreting human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in nude mice (2014)

These results clearly indicate a safety and usability of hUCMSCs-LV- IL-21 in ovarian cancer gene therapy, suggesting the strategy may be a promising new method for clinical treatment of ovarian cancer.
Mechanistic Investigations of Porphyrin Syntheses. I. Preliminary Studies on <i>ms</i>-Tetraphenylporphin (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic Investigations of Porphyrin Syntheses. I. Preliminary Studies on ms-TetraphenylporphinAlan D. Adler, Frederick R. Longo, and William. ShergalisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 15, 3145–3149Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01069a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views5125Altmetric-Citations302LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (656 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Nucleotide sequence of a complete mouse intracisternal A-particle genome: relationship to known aspects of particle assembly and function (1987)

The 7,095-nucleotide sequence of a mouse genomic intracisternal A-particle (IAP) element, MIA14, is reported. MIA14 is known to be colinear with IAP 35S RNA and to contain functional long terminal repeats. Its internal genetic organization was determined by comparisons with a homologous Syrian hamster element and the related retroviruses simian retrovirus 1 (simian type D) and Rous sarcoma virus (avian type C). MIA14 contains a gag-protease open reading frame of 827 codons and a pol region of 867 codons entered by a frame shift of -1. The env region of 1,100 base pairs has multiple stop codons in all reading frames, consistent with the failure thus far to detect IAP-related glycosylated envelope components. RNA transcribed in vitro from a cDNA clone containing a closely homologous gag-protease open reading frame was translated in a cell-free system. The main product was a 73-kilodalton polypeptide immunoprecipitable with antiserum against the authentic IAP gag-related structural protein p73. Rather than ending at the gag-protease boundary, p73 appears to contain 7 to 8 kilodaltons of peptide encoded by the protease domain, a peculiarity possibly related to the observed impairment of normal protein processing in IAPs. The N-terminal 217 codons of gag are unique to murine IAPs and may have been contributed by recombination with a cellular gene. The mouse-specific region of gag encodes a hydrophobic signal peptide with an atypical cleavage site. Delayed cleavage of this peptide could result in anchoring of newly synthesized p73 to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and restriction of particle assembly to this site.
Liver iron excess in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma developed on viral C cirrhosis (2000)

Liver iron deposition was more frequent and more important in viral C cirrhotic patients with HCC than in HCC free controls. Liver iron overload seems to contribute to the development of HCC in patients with viral C cirrhosis.
Syntheses and Coordination Chemistry of Chiral Phosphanyl Glycerols and Their Derivatives – X-ray Structure of (R)-Ph2P–CH2–CaH–O–B(Ph)–O–CbH2(Ca–Cb) (2000)

Reaction of (R)-(+)-2,3-epoxy-1-propanol with Ph2PH, Ph(Me)PH, or PhPH2 in the superbasic medium KOH/DMSO affords the novel chiral phosphanes 1a–1c. While 1a is obtained enantiomerically pure, 1b and the secondary phosphane 1c are formed as mixtures of diastereoisomers (RPRC, SPRC) with homochiral β carbon atoms. Derivatization of 1a with phenylboronic acid or 2,2-dimethoxypropane yields 2a and 3a with 1,3,2-dioxaborolane and 1,3-dioxolane ring systems, respectively. The X-ray structure of 2a (space group P21) reveals the presence of four molecules of R configuration in the unit cell. Nucleophilic phosphanylation of (R)-(–)-2,3-O-isopropylideneglycerol tosylate with Ph2PH, Ph(Me)PH, or PhPH2 yields chiral 3a–3d. Compound 3b was obtained enantiomerically pure. The secondary phosphane 3c has been employed in syntheses of the hydrophilic tertiary phosphanes 3e, 3f and of the novel bidentate phosphane ligands 3g, 3h, all of which have homochiral β carbon atoms. PdII complexes PdL2Cl2 of 1a, 2a, 3a (L) are formed as mixtures of cis/trans isomers. RhI complexes of 1a, 3a, and bidentate 3h have also been synthesized.
Identification of Residues in the Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 That Contact the MCP-1 Receptor, CCR2 (1999)

The CC chemokine, MCP-1, has been identified as a major chemoattractant for T cells and monocytes, and plays a significant role in the pathology of inflammatory diseases. To identify the regions of MCP-1 that contact its receptor, CCR2, we substituted all surface-exposed residues with alanine. Some residues were also mutated to other amino acids to identify the importance of charge, hydrophobicity, or aromaticity at specific positions. The binding affinity of each mutant for CCR2 was assayed with THP-1 and CCR2-transfected CHL cells. The majority of point mutations had no effect. Residues at the N-terminus of the protein, known to be crucial for signaling, contribute less than a factor of 10 to the binding affinity. However, two clusters of primarily basic residues (R24, K35, K38, K49, and Y13), separated by a 35 A hydrophobic groove, reduced the level of binding by 15-100-fold. A peptide fragment encompassing residues 13-35 recapitulated some of the mutational data derived from the intact protein. It exhibited modest binding as a linear peptide and dramatically improved affinity when the region which adopts a single turn of a 3(10)-helix in the protein, which includes R24, was constrained by a disulfide bond. Additional constraints at the ends of the peptide, corresponding to the disulfide between the first and third cysteines in MCP-1, yielded further improvements in affinity. Together, these data suggest a model in which a large surface area of MCP-1 contacts the receptor, and the accumulation of a number of weak interactions results in the 35 pM affinity observed for the wild-type (WT) protein. The receptor binding site of MCP-1 also is significantly different from the binding sites of RANTES and IL-8, providing insight into the issue of receptor specificity. It was previously shown that the N-terminus of CCR2 is critical for binding MCP-1 [Monteclaro, F. S., and Charo, I. F. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 19084-92; Monteclaro, F. S., and Charo, I. F. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 23186-90]. Point mutations of six acidic residues in this region of the receptor were made to test their role in ligand binding. This identified D25 and D27 of the DYDY motif as being important. On the basis of our data, we propose a model in which the receptor N-terminus lies along the hydrophobic groove in an extended fashion, placing the DYDY motif near the basic cluster involving R24 and K49 of MCP-1. This in turn orients the signaling residues (Y13 and the N-terminus) for productive interaction with the receptor.
Hospital statistics that contribute to epidemiology. (1983)

Can a hospital population be used as a set of reference to a general population? The purpose of the present paper is to underline several conditions for which hospital statistics might be used for epidemiological inference, e.g. to map-out the pattern and the frequency of diseases in a general population. In several countries the population base for hospital in-patients is known and well-documented. Under this assumption, the frequency of diseases that require hospitalization, such as meningitis or some birth defects might be estimated in relation to the general population. In other instances, the population base remains unknown, all hospitals from a given region not being able to provide uniform statistics. There might be false associations called Berkson's bias. However, a study of the frequency of some diseases estimated from a large population of in-patients gave surprisingly similar results to those obtained from well defined populations. It is concluded that, even when the population base is unknown, hospital statistics might already contribute largely to epidemiology under two conditions: (1) the hospital sample must be large enough (above 10 000 patients) and include a case mix from several specialties (e.g., all cases from the departments of internal medicine and surgery), (2) discharge abstracts should be available, reliable and comparable for all inpatients and include all diagnoses relevant to each case. The importance of accuracy and uniformity in registration is stressed as well as the need to develop more widely population-based hospital statistics.
The simultaneous quantification of cytochrome P450 dependent linoleate and arachidonate metabolites in urine by HPLC-MS/MS (2002)

A method for the simultaneous quantification of urinary linoleic and arachidonic acid derived epoxides and diols, as well as the arachidonate omega hydroxylated product has been developed. The method employs negative mode electrospray ionization and HPLC with tandem mass spectroscopy for quantification. Odd chain length saturated epoxy and dihydroxy fatty acids are used as analytical surrogates resulting in linear calibrations (r (2) > or = 0.9995). Standard addition analyses showed that matrix effects do not prevent these surrogates from yielding reliable quantitative results. Using 4 ml urine aliquots at a final extract volume of 100 micro l and injecting 10 micro l, method detection limits and limits of quantification were < or =0.5 and 1.5 nM, respectively. The sensitivity for dihydroxy lipids was from 3- to 10-fold greater than the corresponding epoxy fatty acid. Shot to shot run times of 31 min were achieved. Rodent and human urine analyses indicated the method sensitivity is sufficient for general research applications. In addition, diurnal fluctuations in linoleate and arachidonate derived metabolites were observed in human subjects.
Synthesis of the Carbocyclic Core of the Cornexistins by Ring-Closing Metathesis (2002)

An advanced intermediate in the synthesis of the phytotoxins cornexistin and hydroxycornexistin has been synthesized. Sequential palladium-mediated sp(2)-sp(3) fragment coupling and ring-closing diene metathesis have been used to construct the nine-membered carbocyclic core found in the natural products. [reaction--see text]
Linked Data for a Privacy-aware Smart Grid. (2010)

Abstract: Recent developments around the Smart Grid promise more efficient power generation and distribution. In contrast to the current design of the electricity grid, the Smart Grid is heavily based on IT for managing communication flows. Given the large number of market participants, data exchanged should be marked up in a way that facilitates flexible modelling, extension and integration. In addition, since much of the data exchanged is highly sensitive – comprising e.g. consumption data – current organisational means for privacy enforcement are not sufficient. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, which addresses these privacy issues by means of a machine-interpretable representation of the user intent. More precisely, such machine-interpretable specifications enable an automated access control and enforcement of privacy rights on a technical level. 1
I<sub>Kur</sub>/Kv1.5 channel blockers for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (2009)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Anti-arrhythmic drugs remain the mainstay of therapy, but the available class I and III anti-arrhythmic drugs are only moderately effective in long-term restoring/maintaining sinus rhythm (SR) and can produce potentially fatal ventricular pro-arrhythmia. In an attempt to identify safer and more effective anti-arrhythmic drugs, drug discovery efforts have focused on 'atrial selective drugs' that target cardiac ion channel(s) that are exclusively or predominantly expressed in the atria. The ultra-rapid activating delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(Kur)), carried by Kv1.5 channels, is a major repolarizing current in human atria, but seems to play no role in the ventricle. This finding offers the possibility of developing selective I(Kur) blockers to restore and maintain SR without a risk of ventricular pro-arrhythmia. Several I(Kur) blockers are now being developed but clinical data are still limited, so the precise role of these agents in the treatment of AF remains to be defined. In this review we analyze the possible advantages and disadvantages of the developmental I(Kur) blockers as they represent the first step for the development of potential atrial selective drugs for a more effective and safer treatment and prevention of AF.
Retinoic acid enhancement of an early step in the transformation of mouse epidermal cells <i>in vitro</i> (1986)

Retinoic acid has been reported to act as an inhibitor and as an enhancer of mouse skin carcinogenesis in vivo . However, no in vitro cell transformation model has been reported to be sensitive to both effects. In an attempt to provide such a model, the effect of retinoic acid on an early step in carcinogen-induced transformation of mouse epidermal cell line 271c was measured using a recently described assay. The step observed is altered response to extracellular Ca 2+ as an epidermal terminal differentiation signal. In six out of twelve experiments retinoic acid increased the frequency of altered colonies resulting from treatment with three chemical carcinogens. The enhancement effect was stronger after DMBA treatment than MNNG or MCA, resulting in up to a 13.7-fold increase in the frequency of colonies exhibiting altered terminal differentiation (TF). On the other hand, up to a 10-fold decrease in TF was observed in other experiments. Both the enhancement and inhibitory effects were greater at the higher doses of retinoic acid tested in the range of 10 −10 –10 −7 M. Variations in cloning efficiency or surviving colony density did not account for the effects on TF. Enhancement effects tended to be observed at lower doses of carcinogen, or in experiments in which TF resulting from treatment with carcinogen alone was in the lower range observed. However, the factors determining each effect have yet to be defined. The enhancement effect of retinoic acid was not merely suppression of the phenotypic endpoint of the in vitro assays, because treatment of carcinogen-altered cells with retinoic add or TPA in vitro also enhanced their tumorigenicity in vivo compared to acetone conrols. These findings suggest that studies of the determinants of retinoid activity should be a prerequisite to their use in chemoprevention.
Structure and function of the Smoothened extracellular domain in vertebrate Hedgehog signaling (2013)

The Hedgehog (Hh) signal is transduced across the membrane by the heptahelical protein Smoothened (Smo), a developmental regulator, oncoprotein and drug target in oncology. We present the 2.3 Å crystal structure of the extracellular cysteine rich domain (CRD) of vertebrate Smo and show that it binds to oxysterols, endogenous lipids that activate Hh signaling. The oxysterol-binding groove in the Smo CRD is analogous to that used by Frizzled 8 to bind to the palmitoleyl group of Wnt ligands and to similar pockets used by other Frizzled-like CRDs to bind hydrophobic ligands. The CRD is required for signaling in response to native Hh ligands, showing that it is an important regulatory module for Smo activation. Indeed, targeting of the Smo CRD by oxysterol-inspired small molecules can block signaling by all known classes of Hh activators and by clinically relevant Smo mutants. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01340.001.
Performance analysis of iCAR (integrated cellular and ad-hoc relay system) (2002)

iCAR is a new wireless architecture based on the integration of cellular and modern ad-hoc relaying technologies. We analyze its performance and compare it with conventional cellular system. In particular, we prove that due to the ability of ad-hoc relay stations (ARS) to relay traffic from one cell to another cell dynamically. iCAR has a lower system-wide call blocking probability than any corresponding cellular system without ARS, even if traffic can be evenly distributed among cells. We also study two typical scenarios and present some numeric results.
Elimination of parasitic bipolar-induced breakdown effects in ultra-thin SOI MOSFETs using narrow-bandgap-source (NBS) structure (1995)

In this paper, we introduce the Si-SiGe narrow bandgap-source (NBS) SOI device structure in order to improve the low drain-to-source breakdown voltage (V/sub BD/) in ultra-thin SOI devices. Reducing the potential barrier of valence band between source and body by applying the SiGe layer at the source region, we can improve the drain-to-source breakdown voltage by suppressing the hole accumulation in the body. As confirmed by 2D simulation results, NBS-SOI devices provide excellent performance compared to conventional SOI devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The design of direct tomographic energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction imaging (XDI) systems (2005)

The most complex components of an energy dispersive x-ray diffraction imaging (XDI) system are in general the radiation source and the spectroscopic detector array. Hence it is important to determine the geometrical factors affecting the size and shape of these components in arbitrary XDI configurations. These factors strongly influence system design parameters such as complexity, size and cost. Following an introduction to the physical principles of x-ray diffraction imaging (XDI) a generic 2-D cross section of an arbitrary tomographic XDI system is proposed. It is shown that a 3-D XDI arrangement can always be synthesised from identical 2-D generic sections when these are replicated along lines running through the vertex of an axially symmetric conic surface. The geometry of the cone and thus of the corresponding XDI system is determined by three arbitrary, independent parameters. There is thus an infinite number of possible alternative XDI configurations. The design of several variant XDI systems of potential interest for checked baggage inspection is discussed with reference to component size and complexity. These alternative configurations are described in this paper and their relative merits assessed. The procedure described here is useful both for optimising the performance of an XDI system of given complexity and for adapting the geometry of an XDI system to components of given specifications.
MicroRNAs and lung cancer: Biology and applications in diagnosis and prognosis (2010)

MicroRNAs are tiny non-coding RNA molecules which play important roles in the epigenetic control of cellular processes by preventing the translation of proteins from messenger RNAs (mRNAs). A single microRNA can target different mRNAs, and an mRNA can be targeted by multiple microRNAs. Such complex interplays underlie many molecular pathways in cells, and specific roles for many microRNAs in physiological as well as pathological phenomena have been identified. Changes in expression of microRNAs have been associated with a wide variety of disease conditions, and microRNA-based biomarkers are being developed for the identification and monitoring of such states. This review provides a general overview of the current state of knowledge about the biology of microRNAs, and specific information about microRNAs with regard to the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.
Investigation of the Secondary DNA-binding Site of the Bacterial Recombinase RecA (1998)

The L2 loop is a DNA-binding site of RecA protein, a recombinase from Eschericha coli. Two DNA-binding sites have been functionally defined in this protein. To determine whether the L2 loop of RecA protein is part of the primary or secondary binding site, we have constructed proteins with site-specific mutations in the loop and investigated their biological, biochemical, and DNA binding properties. The mutation E207Q inhibits DNA repair and homologous recombination in vivo and prevents DNA strand exchange in vitro (Larminat, F., Cazaux, C., Germanier, M., and Defais, M. (1992) J. Bacteriol. 174, 6264-6269; Cazaux, C., Larminat, F., Villani, G., Johnson, N. P., Schnarr, M., and Defais, M. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 8246-8254). We have found that mutant protein RecAE207Q lacked one of the two single stranded DNA-binding sites of wild type RecA. The remaining site was functional, and biochemical activities of the mutant protein were the same as wild type RecA with ssDNA in the primary binding site. The second mutation, E207K, reduced but did not eliminate DNA repair, SOS induction, and homologous recombination in vivo. In the presence of ATP, mutant protein RecAE207K catalyzed DNA strand exchange in vitro at a slower rate than wild type protein, and ssDNA binding at site I was competitively inhibited. These results show that the L2 loop is or is part of the functional secondary DNA-binding site of RecA protein.
Lung arginase expression and activity is increased in cystic fibrosis mouse models (2014)

The activity of arginase is increased in airway secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Downstream products of arginase activity may contribute to CF lung disease. We hypothesized that pulmonary arginase expression and activity would be increased in mouse models of CF and disproportionally increased in CF mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Expression of arginase isoforms in lung tissue was quantified with reverse transcriptase-PCR in naive cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr)-deficient mice and β-epithelial sodium channel-overexpressing [β-ENaC-transgenic (Tg)] mice. An isolated lung stable isotope perfusion model was used to measure arginase activity in Cftr-deficient mice before and after intratracheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The expression of arginase-2 in lung was increased in adult Cftr-deficient animals and in newborn β-ENaC-Tg. Arginase-1 lung expression was normal in Cftr-deficient and in newborn β-ENaC-Tg mice, but was increased in β-ENaC-Tg mice at age 1, 3, and 6 wk. Arginase activity was significantly higher in lung (5.0 ± 0.7 vs. 3.2 ± 0.3 nmol·(-1)·h(-1), P = 0.016) and airways (204.6 ± 49.8 vs. 79.3 ± 17.2 nmol·(-1)·h(-1), P = 0.045) of naive Cftr-deficient mice compared with sex-matched wild-type littermate controls. Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in a far greater increase in lung arginase activity in Cftr-deficient mice (10-fold) than in wild-type controls (6-fold) (P = 0.01). This is the first ex vivo characterization of arginase expression and activity in CF mouse lung and airways. Our data show that pulmonary arginase expression and activity is increased in CF mice, especially with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.