gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Thiamethoxam and Imidacloprid as Seed Treatments to Control European Corn Borer and Indianmeal Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae (2003)

Efficacy of thiamethoxam (Cruiser) and imidacloprid (Gaucho) were evaluated as seed treatments for controlling European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) and Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) larvae in stored grain. At ≈22–26°C, all fifth instar European corn borers died after two or 4 d of exposure to corn treated with 250 and 500 ppm thiamethoxam, respectively, while mortality of larvae exposed for two and 4 d on corn treated with 6.3–937.5 ppm imidacloprid did not exceed 48% at any concentration. At 29°C, all nondiapausing fifth instars were killed after 3, 4, and 6-d exposure to 400, 300 and 200-ppm thiamethoxam, respectively, while survival increased at successively lower concentrations of 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 ppm. At 29°C, the LC50 decreased from 85.9 to 7.2 ppm as the duration of exposure on treated corn increased from 2 to 6 d. All second and third instar Indianmeal moth larvae died after a 5 d exposure period to corn grain treated with thiamethoxam at 50 ppm or higher, but as the larvae aged, higher concentrations and longer exposure periods were required to give 100% mortality of each larval instar. Similar results were obtained when larval Indianmeal moths were exposed on corn treated with imidacloprid, or on sorghum treated with thiamethoxam. Mature wandering phase fifth instars were the most tolerant larval stage of the Indianmeal moth.
Assessment of Microbial Diversity in Four Southwestern United States Soils by 16S rRNA Gene Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis (2000)

The ability of terminal restriction fragment (T-RFLP or TRF) profiles of 16S rRNA genes to provide useful information about the relative diversity of complex microbial communities was investigated by comparison with other methods. Four soil communities representing two pinyon rhizosphere and two between-tree (interspace) soil environments were compared by analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and culture collections (Dunbar et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:1662-1669, 1998) and by analysis of 16S rDNA TRF profiles of community DNA. The TRF method was able to differentiate the four communities in a manner consistent with previous comparisons of the communities by analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries. TRF profiles were not useful for calculating and comparing traditional community richness or evenness values among the four soil environments. Statistics calculated from RsaI, HhaI, HaeIII, and MspI profiles of each community were inconsistent, and the combined data were not significantly different between samples. The detection sensitivity of the method was tested. In standard PCRs, a seeded population comprising 0.1 to 1% of the total community could be detected. The combined results demonstrate that TRF analysis is an excellent method for rapidly comparing the relationships between bacterial communities in environmental samples. However, for highly complex communities, the method appears unable to provide classical measures of relative community diversity.
A Transcoding System for Audio Standards (2012)

We describe an efficient implementation for converting MPEG-2/MPEG-4 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) encoded data to Dolby Digital AC-3. We describe many techniques to exploit the information in the AAC bitstream to simplify the AC-3 encoder. These techniques can be straightforwardly used in other transcoding schemes between different multimedia standards.
Are Thirty-Five Days Enough to Observe the Stress-Reducing Effect of a Semiochemical Analogue on Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) Housed Under High Density? (2008)

Two similar 400-m2 buildings, each housing 8,400 broilers of a commonly used industrial strain, were used to test the effectiveness of the semiochemical treatment known as mother hen uropygial secretion analogue (MHUSA). The birds in 1 building were exposed to MHUSA continuously during a 35-d growing period, whereas those in the other building received a placebo. The experiment was then repeated using precisely the same conditions but with the building treatment reversed to control for any building effect. The purpose of the trial was to evaluate the effect of MHUSA on growing performances (live weights) and stress indicators observed from blood samples: heterophil-lymphocyte ratio and corticosterone level. Data analysis (ANOVA) showed that MHUSA-treated broilers had a higher mean growth rate, as shown by increased live weights at both d 17 and 35 (P < or = 0.001 and P < or = 0.001, respectively). After the 35-d growing period, we observed both lower heterophil-lymphocyte ratio (P < or = 0.001) and lower corticosterone level (P < or = 0.05) for birds treated with MHUSA compared with placebo, further indicating that the birds were less stressed. We conclude that constant diffusion of MHUSA in buildings used to house broilers might enhance the welfare and growth of the bird by reducing stress.
A comparative study of flat and profiled lenses (2012)

In this paper we present a comparative study of flat and profiled lenses designed to operate in the GHz frequency range. Special attention is paid to focusing capabilities and bandwidth performance. Our results indicate that compared to the profiled lens, the flat lens with varying material parameters delivers a better performance in terms of scan capability and bandwidth.
The Prevalence and Severity of Malocclusion and the Need for Orthodontic Treatment in 9-, 12-, and 15-year-old Glasgow Schoolchildren (1992)

An epidemiological investigation involving 765 Glasgow schoolchildren aged nine, twelve, and fifteen years was undertaken to assess the severity of malocclusion, the need for orthodontic treatment, and the proportion of children in each age group who had previously received treatment. An index termed the Malocclusion Severity Index (MSI) was developed to establish objectively the severity of malocclusion in each individual. Fifty sets of orthodontic study models and six orthodontists assessed the reproducibility and validity of the index. Although there was a significant reduction in the proportion of children in need of orthodontic treatment between 9 and 15 years of age, a considerable number were still in need of treatment; crowding of their dentitions being responsible for the majority of the treatment requirement. The MSI was found to be as precise and valid as previously developed occlusal indices, for estimating the treatment needs of sample populations.
Making Debrouillards: The Modern Pentathlon and the Pursuit of Completeness (2010)

peer reviewed
Immunological efficacy of glycoconjugates derived from Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa detoxified LPS in mice (2010)

This study focused on changes in selected parameters of humoral and cellular immunity following vaccination of mice with unique Vibrio cholerae LPS-protein-complexed conjugates. The V. cholerae detoxified LPS (dLPS)-derived antigenic structures O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP) and de-O-acylated LPS (DeOAc-LPS) were used to prepare glycoconjugates by linking both dLPSs to glucan, the immunomodulating matrix, and then to BSA carrier. Animals were given a primary vaccination and boosted at 2-week intervals with a dose of 4.5 μg saccharide antigen. The last boost was given either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally (i.p.) to compare the boosting effect and to optimize the effective immunization route. Both conjugates (O-SP-BSA and DeOAc-LPS-BSA) induced significant levels of antigen-specific Ig isotypes, especially IgG and IgM. The i.p. booster route was more effective. A T helper 1 response was achieved only by immunization with O-SP-BSA conjugate administered i.p. Significant acceleration of phagocytic capacity and respiratory burst of neutrophils was demonstrated by both immunogenic formulations. Activation of T- and B-cell adaptive immunities was exhibited as specific changes in CD3 : CD19 and CD4 : CD8 ratios, B-cell low-affinity Fcγ II and III receptor expression and induction of CD45R antigen.
Variation in the Structural, Magnetic, and Superconducting Properties of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-<i>x</i></sub> with Oxygen Content (1987)

Several samples of YBa2Cu3O7-x with controlled stoichiometries, 0.04 ≤ x ≥ 1.00, have been prepared and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, magnetic susceptibility and Meissner effect measurements. Structural details for representative samples were also determined by full profile refinements of powder X-ray and neutron diffraction data. Quantitative relationships between the magnetic and superconducting properties and the composition and structure are presented. The relative contributions of the Cu-O chains and layers to the superconducting transition temperature are discussed.
COS Photoinitiated <i>cis–trans</i> Isomerization of 2-Butenes in the Gas Phase: A Chain Process (1969)

It is found that 2-butenes cleanly undergo cis–trans isomerization by a chain process when the gaseous mixtures of COS and cis-2-butene (or trans-2-butene) is photolyzed at 2537 Å; no intramolecular doublebond migration in 2-butenes is observed and the process is largely homogeneous. The catalytic chain initiator is proposed to be the ground-electronic-state S atom (3P) which is produced by the photodecomposition of COS. The quantum yield of trans-2-butene resulting from the gaseous mixture of COS (1.0 torr) and cis-2-butene (2.5 torr) is (2.3 ± 0.5) × 102 at room temperature, and the chain length is estimated to be (1 − 3) × 103. The photostationary-state ratio of trans to cis, [(t-B) / (c-B)]Pss, and the initial isomerizationrate ratio, [Rc→t / Rt→c], have been determined to be 2.83 ± 0.06 and 2.8 ± 0.2, respectively. A competitive quenching study has been carried out to determine the efficiencies of various chain terminators. 1,3-Butadiene is found to be the most efficient terminator, more efficient than O2 or mono-olefins by 3 orders of magnitude.
A Microwave Method for the Step-Like Reconstruction of Layered Dielectric Media (1999)

An improved iterative approach to reconstruct inhomogeneous dielectric half-space using the reflection coefficient data collected over some frequency band is described. The reconstruction at each iteration is performed by solving a linear integral equation for two different sets of expanding functions. The first solution yields positions of reflecting boundaries between layers; the second one provides step-like correction term to the initial profile. The method is fast, works well with essentially bandlimited information (frequency band of 1 to 4 GHz has been used) and demonstrates very good robustness (at least 15% of a random noise in the input data is acceptable without bad deterioration of the solution). Some numerical and experimental examples are presented.
Entomological Society of America OFFICERS 1971 (1971)

Entomological Society of America OFFICERS 1971 R. H. Nelson, R. H. Nelson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. G. Eden, W. G. Eden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. O. Ritcher, P. O. Ritcher Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. P. Murdoch W. P. Murdoch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 17, Issue 1, 15 March 1971, Page 62, https://doi.org/10.1093/besa/17.1.62 Published: 15 March 1971
Randomized Trial to Evaluate Tandospirone in Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The GATE Study (2015)

AL-8309B 1.0% and 1.75% did not affect lesion growth in eyes with GA secondary to AMD. There were no clinically relevant safety issues identified for AL-8309B. The large natural history dataset from this study is a valuable repository for future comparisons.
Transistor temperature measurement for calibration of integrated temperature sensors (2003)

A temperature measurement technique is presented for calibrating packaged integrated temperature sensors. An on-chip bipolar transistor is used to accurately determine the sensor's temperature during calibration. The transistor's base-emitter voltage is measured at three collector currents to find the absolute temperature while compensating for series resistances. The technique does not increase the pin count for a typical smart sensor, as the transistor can be accessed via the supply pins and an existing digital input pin. Measurements on substrate pnp's in a standard CMOS process show that the temperature can be determined with an accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.1/spl deg/C in the range of -50-130/spl deg/C.
Performance Optimization and Improvement of Silicon Avalanche Photodetectors in Standard CMOS Technology (2017)

This paper discusses design optimization for silicon avalanche photodetectors (APDs) fabricated in standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology in order to achieve the highest possible performance. Such factors as PN junctions, guard ring structures, active areas, and back-end structures are considered for the optimization. CMOS-APDs reflecting varying aspects of these factors are fabricated and their performances are characterized. In addition, their characteristics are analyzed with technology computer-aided-design simulations and equivalent circuit models. From these investigations, dominant factors that influence the CMOS-APD performance are identified. Furthermore, three different techniques enabling further performance improvements of CMOS-APDs are investigated, which are spatial-modulation, carrier-acceleration, and multijunction techniques. The state-of-the-art CMOS-APDs' structures and performances are presented and compared, and the best optimized CMOS-APD is proposed. These results should be extremely useful for realizing optimal silicon APDs in standard CMOS technology for various applications.
Moisturizer technology versus clinical performance (2004)

The principles of humectancy, emolliency, and occlusion, all central to stratum corneum (SC) maintenance, continue to drive the development of novel moisturizing technologies. Humectants promote water retention within the SC, whereas occlusives generally minimize water loss to the external environment. The complementary occlusive activity of emollients contributes to SC hydration as well. Moisturization technologies, ranging from face care to hand and body care, vary in the types and levels of humectants, emollients (including lipids), and occlusives; accordingly, their therapeutic effects differ as well. Emulsification of these components into a single formulation-the technologies of which are as varied as their individual components-is thought to enhance the aesthetics of the moisturizer and its overall moisturization efficiency. The present article reviews the current approaches to SC moisturization, increasingly viewed as critical to its structural and functional integrity, and to fundamental skin care.
A dynamic approach for handling data skew problems in parallel hash join computation (2002)

Data skew can result in load imbalance in parallel hash join. We introduce a new term, solid data skew, and classify data skew into plane and solid categories in this paper. The existing algorithms consider plane data skew only thus not adequate to approach solid data skew problem. A dynamic approach for handling solid data skew problem is proposed. It assigns join subtasks to processors during runtime using a method based on the estimation of execution time required for the computation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hydrophobic asymmetric ultrafiltration PVDF membranes: an alternative separator for VFB with excellent stability (2012)

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes were investigated for the first time in vanadium redox flow battery (VFB) applications. Surprisingly, PVDF ultrafiltration membranes with hydrophobic pore walls and relatively large pore sizes of several tens of nanometers proved able to separate vanadium ions and protons efficiently, thus being suitable as a VFB separator. The ion selectivity of this new type of VFB membrane could be tuned readily by controlling the membrane morphology via changes in the composition of the membrane casting solution, and the casting thickness. The results showed that the PVDF membranes offered good performances and excellent stability in VFB applications, where it could, performance-wise, truly substitute Nafion in VFB applications, but at a much lower cost.
Viscous fingering with partially miscible fluids (2017)

The impact of partial miscibility on viscous fingering dynamics is studied, demonstrating that the coupling between viscous and compositional effects lead to a rich set of displacement patterns. Snapshots of mixture concentration at various initial compositions and log-mobility ratios are shown.
A Comparative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antivirals Characterizes 3CL <sup>pro</sup> Inhibitor PF-00835231 as a Potential New Treatment for COVID-19 (2021)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a dire need for novel effective antivirals to treat COVID-19, as the only approved direct-acting antiviral to date is remdesivir, targeting the viral polymerase complex. A potential alternate target in the viral life cycle is the main SARS-CoV-2 protease 3CL<sup>pro</sup> (M<sup>pro</sup>). The drug candidate PF-00835231 is the active compound of the first anti-3CL<sup>pro</sup> regimen in clinical trials. Here, we perform a comparative analysis of PF-00835231, the pre-clinical 3CL<sup>pro</sup> inhibitor GC-376, and the polymerase inhibitor remdesivir, in alveolar basal epithelial cells modified to express ACE2 (A549<sup>+ACE2</sup> cells). We find PF-00835231 with at least similar or higher potency than remdesivir or GC-376. A time-of-drug-addition approach delineates the timing of early SARS-CoV-2 life cycle steps in A549<sup>+ACE2</sup> cells and validates PF-00835231's early time of action. In a model of the human polarized airway epithelium, both PF-00835231 and remdesivir potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar concentrations. Finally, we show that the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein, which was previously suggested to diminish PF-00835231's efficacy based on experiments in monkey kidney Vero E6 cells, does not negatively impact PF-00835231 efficacy in either A549<sup>+ACE2</sup> cells or human polarized airway epithelial cultures. Thus, our study provides <i>in vitro</i> evidence for the potential of PF-00835231 as an effective SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and addresses concerns that emerged based on prior studies in non-human <i>in vitro</i> models.<b>Importance:</b>The arsenal of SARS-CoV-2 specific antiviral drugs is extremely limited. Only one direct-acting antiviral drug is currently approved, the viral polymerase inhibitor remdesivir, and it has limited efficacy. Thus, there is a substantial need to develop additional antiviral compounds with minimal side effects and alternate viral targets. One such alternate target is its main protease, 3CL<sup>pro</sup> (M<sup>pro</sup>), an essential component of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle processing the viral polyprotein into the components of the viral polymerase complex. In this study, we characterize a novel antiviral drug, PF-00835231, which is the active component of the first-in-class 3CL<sup>pro</sup>-targeting regimen in clinical trials. Using 3D <i>in vitro</i> models of the human airway epithelium, we demonstrate the antiviral potential of PF-00835231 for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.
Radiological Results of Pinning in Situ for Slipped Capotal Femoral Epiphysis. (1996)

Thirteen hips in 12 patients with adolescent slipped capital femoral epophysis (SCFE) were reviewed to examine the radiological changes which occurred after pinning using the in situ method. The duration of follow-up was more than 2 years. No hips showed further slipping after pinning was performed using one of three methods such as long neck screw (LNS), Kirschner wire and cannulated cancellous screw (CCS). Twelve of the hips had show complete epiphyseal chosure within a mean period of 11.8 months after operation.In the radiological course of epiphyseal closure, it was commonly seen that a focal narrowing with sclerosis of the proximal femoral growth plate appeared at the posterior portion shortly after pinning. This narrowing then proceeded toward the anterior portion, leading to complete epiphyseal closure.There were no severe complications such as avascular necrosis. chondrolysis and degenerative changes of the hip. However, residual short neck deformity as well as buried screw heads inside the cortex were seen in this series, especially following multiple CCS pinning. Contralateral slipping of the epiphysis was observed in one of the four patients who had not had prophylacitic pinning.
Magnetoelectronics with magnetoelectrics (2005)

Magnetoelectric films are proposed as key components for spintronic applications. The net magnetic moment created by an electric field in a magnetoelectric thin film influences the magnetization state of a neighbouring ferromagnetic layer through exchange coupling. Pure electrical control of magnetic configurations of giant magnetoresistance spin valves and tunnelling magnetoresistance elements is therefore achievable. Estimates based on documented magnetoelectric tensor values show that exchange fields reaching 100 mT can be obtained. We propose a mechanism alternative to current-induced magnetization switching, providing access to a wide range of device impedance values and opening the possibility of simple logic functions.
The cytosolic SycE and SycH chaperones of <i>Yersinia</i> protect the region of YopE and YopH involved in translocation across eukaryotic cell membranes (1996)

Yersinia adhering at the surface of eukaryotic cells secrete a set of proteins called Yops. This secretion which occurs via a type III secretion pathway is immediately followed by the injection of some Yops into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Translocation of YopE and YopH across the eukaryotic cell membranes requires the presence of the translocators YopB and YopD. YopE and YopH are modular proteins composed of an N-terminal secretion signal, an internalization domain, and an effector domain. Secretion of YopE and YopH requires the presence of the specific cytosolic chaperones SycE and SycH, respectively. In this work, we have mapped the regions of YopE and YopH that are involved in binding of their cognate chaperone. There is only one Syc-binding domain in YopE (residues 15-50) and YopH (residues 20-70). This domain is localized immediately after the secretion signal and it corresponds to the internalization domain. Removal of this bifunctional domain did not affect secretion of YopE and YopH and even suppressed the need for the chaperone in the secretion process. Thus SycE and SycH are not secretion pilots. Instead, we propose that they prevent intrabacterial interaction of YopE and YopH with proteins involved in translocation of these Yops across eukaryotic cell membranes.
The stoicheiometry of electron transfer by bacterial and plant ferredoxins (1968)

1. The number of electrons carried by ferredoxins from spinach, the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans, the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium welchii and the photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium was determined. 2. Ferredoxins were reduced by illuminated chloroplasts, and the stoicheiometry of the reoxidation in the dark of the ferredoxins by NADP and benzyl viologen was measured. 3. Spinach and A. nidulans ferredoxins were found to be one-electron carriers, and Cl. welchii and Chromatium ferredoxins were two-electron carriers.